bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Adhesive Properties to Dentin and Enamel of a Universal Adhesive Associated With a Hydrophobic Resin Coat
Authors: Perdigão J , Muñoz MA , Sezinando A , Luque-Martinez IV , Staichak R , Reis A , Loguercio AD 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of acid etching and application of a hydrophobic resin coat on the enamel/dentin bond strengths and degree of conversion (DC) within the hybrid layer of a universal adhesive system (G-Bond Plus [GB]).

Methods
A total of 60 extracted third molars were divided into four groups for bond-strength testing, according to the adhesive strategy: GB applied as a one-step self-etch adhesive (1-stepSE); GB applied as in 1-stepSE followed by one coat of the hydrophobic resin Heliobond (2-stepSE); GB applied as a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (2-stepER); GB applied as in 2-stepER followed by one coat of the hydrophobic resin Heliobond (3-stepER). There were 40 teeth used for enamel microshear bond strength (μSBS) and DC; and 20 teeth used for dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and DC. After restorations were constructed, specimens were stored in water (37°C/24 h) and then tested at 0.5 mm/min (μTBS) or 1.0 mm/min (μSBS). Enamel-resin and dentin-resin interfaces from each group were evaluated for DC using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance for each substrate and the Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results
For enamel, the use of a hydrophobic resin coat resulted in statistically significant higher mean enamel μSBS only for the ER strategy (3-stepER vs 2-stepER, p&lt;0.0002). DC was significantly improved for the SE strategy (p&lt;0.00002).
For dentin, the use of a hydrophobic resin coat resulted in significantly higher dentin mean μTBS only for the SE strategy (2-stepSE vs 1-stepSE, p&lt;0.0007). DC was significantly improved in groups 2-stepSE and 3-stepER when compared with 1-stepSE and 2-stepER, respectively (p&lt;0.0009).

Conclusions
The use of a hydrophobic resin coat may be beneficial for the selective enamel etching technique, because it improves bond strengths to enamel when applied with the ER strategy and to dentin when used with the SE adhesion strategy. The application of a hydrophobic resin coat may improve DC in resin-dentin interfaces formed with either the SE or the ER strategy. On enamel, DC may benefit from the application of a hydrophobic resin coat over 1-stepSE adhesives.
Risk factors associated with struvite urolithiasis in dogs evaluated at general care veterinary hospitals in the United States
Authors: Okafor Chika C. , Pearl David L. , Lefebvre Sandra L. , Wang Mansen , Yang Mingyin , Blois Shauna L. , Lund Elizabeth M. , Dewey Cate E. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To identify factors associated with development of struvite urolithiasis in dogs evaluated at general care veterinary hospitals in the United States.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—508 dogs with a first-time diagnosis of struvite urolithiasis and 7,135 control dogs.
Procedures—Electronic medical records of all dogs evaluated at 787 general care veterinary hospitals in the United States between October 2007 and December 2010 were reviewed to identify dogs that developed struvite urolithiasis and 2 groups of control dogs with no history of urolithiasis. Information extracted included diet, age, sex, neuter status, breed size category, hospital location, and date of diagnosis. Urinalysis results, urolith composition, and other disease conditions were recorded if applicable. Potential risk factors were assessed with univariable and multivariable regression analysis.
Results—Toy- or small-sized breeds had significantly greater odds of struvite urolithiasis, compared with medium- or large-sized breeds. Neutering significantly increased the odds of this outcome in females only; sexually intact females were more likely to develop struvite urolithiasis than were sexually intact males, but only up to 5 years of age. Urinary factors significantly associated with the outcome were basic (vs acidic) pH, presence of RBCs or WBCs, protein concentration > 30 mg/dL, and ketone concentration ≥ 5 mg/dL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of demographic characteristics and urinalysis results may be useful in the early identification of struvite urolithiasis in dogs. Periodic urinalysis in dogs is recommended because of the potential health impact of a late diagnosis of urolithiasis.
Development of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the high alpine perennial Primula halleri (Primulaceae)
Authors: Zhang Li‐Rui , Conti Elena , Keller Barbara , Nowak Michael D. 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Primula halleri is a high alpine endemic species with a patchy distribution in Central and Eastern European mountains. Little is known about the structure of genetic variation and mating system in populations of this species.• Methods and Results: We report on the development of 12 novel, polymorphic microsatellite loci for P. halleri. Tests for amplification and polymorphism were performed on 45 individuals sampled from three populations in the Swiss Alps. Interspecific amplification of the loci was evaluated using samples of the closely related species P. farinosa, P. frondosa, and P. scotica.• Conclusions: The results show that the new microsatellite loci will be useful to study the structure of genetic diversity and mating system of P. halleri, and possibly its closely related species.
Novel microsatellite loci forSebaea aurea(Gentianaceae) and cross‐amplification in related species
Authors: Kissling Jonathan , Bachmann Olivier , Thali Marco R. , Segarra‐Moragues José Gabriel 
Published: December 2013

•Premise of the study:Microsatellite loci were developed inSebaea aurea(Gentianaceae) to investigate the functional role of diplostigmaty (i.e., the presence of additional stigmas along the style).•Methods and Results:One hundred seventy‐four and 180 microsatellite loci were isolated through 454 shotgun sequencing of genomic and microsatellite‐enriched DNA libraries, respectively. Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized, and 12 of them were selected to genotype individuals from two populations. Microsatellite amplification was conducted in two multiplex groups, each containing six microsatellite loci. Cross‐species amplification was tested in seven other species ofSebaea. The 12 novel microsatellite loci amplified only in the two most closely related species toS. aurea(i.e.,S. ambiguaandS. minutiflora) and were also polymorphic in these two species.•Conclusions:These results demonstrate the usefulness of this set of newly developed microsatellite loci to investigate the mating system and population genetic structure inS. aureaand related species.
Enhancing Motivation and Engagement: A Top-Down Approach for the Design of a Learning Experience According to the S2P-LM
Authors: Bahji Salah Eddine , Lefdaoui Youssef , El Alami Jamila 
Published: December 2013

Demotivation and disengagement of students toward the formal learning curriculum, know an increasingly strong and even alarming proliferation.
In this paper, we try to deal with motivation and engagement of learners during learning process and learning experience within a formal context, by the adoption of a Top-Down approach through three levels of design: Macro, Meso, and Micro level.
The Macro Level tries to rely on a conceptual framework: the S2P Learning Model. The Meso Level is related to the design of the learning experience, by which we formalize the pedagogical scenario, the didactic tools, the pedagogical activities and roles: based on the Extended Blended Learning. Finally, the Micro Level stresses on the use of game mechanics and Gamification of activities and tools as a way to enhance the motivation and engagement of learners during the learning experience.
By these principles, we move gradually towards a new kind of teachers (â??Integratorsâ? & â??Facilitatorsâ?); and a new kind of learners (â??Learnplayersâ?).
Therefore, we try by this paper, to outline of the conceptual basis of our approach that must build the frame of validation by experimentation during the next steps of our research.
The Role of NOD2 in Murine and Human Melioidosis
Authors: Myers Nicolle D. , Chantratita Narisara , Berrington William R. , Chierakul Wirongrong , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Robertson Johanna D. , Liggitt H. Denny , Peacock Sharon J. , Skerrett Shawn J. , West T. Eoin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that regulates susceptibility to a variety of infections and chronic diseases. Burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes the tropical infection melioidosis. We hypothesized that NOD2 may participate in host defense in melioidosis. We performed a series of in vitro assays and in vivo experiments and analyzed the association of human genetic variation with infection to delineate the contribution of NOD2 to the host response to B. pseudomallei. We found that transfection with NOD2 mediated NF-κB activation induced by B. pseudomallei stimulation of HEK293 cells. After low-dose inoculation with aerosolized B. pseudomallei, Nod2-deficient mice showed impaired clinical responses and permitted greater bacterial replication in the lung and dissemination to the spleen compared with wild-type mice. IL-6 and KC levels were higher in the lungs of Nod2-deficient mice. In a cohort of 1562 Thai subjects, a common genetic polymorphism in the NOD2 region, rs7194886, was associated with melioidosis, and this effect was most pronounced in women. rs7194886 was not associated with differences in cytokine production induced by whole-blood stimulation with the NOD2 ligand, muramyl dipeptide, or B. pseudomallei. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to characterize the role of NOD2 in host defense in mammalian melioidosis.
Qualitatively Different T Cell Phenotypic Responses to IL-2 versus IL-15 Are Unified by Identical Dependences on Receptor Signal Strength and Duration
Authors: Arneja Abhinav , Johnson Hannah , Gabrovsek Laura , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , White Forest M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
IL-2 and IL-15 are common γ-chain family cytokines involved in regulation of T cell differentiation and homeostasis. Despite signaling through the same receptors, IL-2 and IL-15 have non-redundant roles in T cell biology, both physiologically and at the cellular level. The mechanisms by which IL-2 and IL-15 trigger distinct phenotypes in T cells remain elusive. To elucidate these mechanisms, we performed a quantitative comparison of the phosphotyrosine signaling network and resulting phenotypes triggered by IL-2 and IL-15. This study revealed that the signaling networks activated by IL-2 or IL-15 are highly similar and that T cell proliferation and metabolism are controlled in a quantitatively distinct manner through IL-2/15R signal strength independent of the cytokine identity. Distinct phenotypes associated with IL-2 or IL-15 stimulation therefore arise through differential regulation of IL-2/15R signal strength and duration because of differences in cytokine–receptor binding affinity, receptor expression levels, physiological cytokine levels, and cytokine–receptor intracellular trafficking kinetics. These results provide important insights into the function of other shared cytokine and growth factor receptors, quantitative regulation of cell proliferation and metabolism through signal transduction, and improved design of cytokine based clinical immunomodulatory therapies for cancer and infectious diseases.
Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Methods. Nonlinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Efendiev Yalchin , Galvis Juan , Li Guanglian , Presho Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper we use the Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM) framework, introduced in [26], in order to solve nonlinear elliptic equations with high-contrast coefficients. The proposed solution method involves linearizing the equation so that coarse-grid quantities of previous solution iterates can be regarded as auxiliary parameters within the problem formulation. With this convention, we systematically construct respective coarse solution spaces that lend themselves to either continuous Galerkin (CG) or discontinuous Galerkin (DG) global formulations. Here, we use Symmetric Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin approach. Both methods yield a predictable error decline that depends on the respective coarse space dimension, and we illustrate the effectiveness of the CG and DG formulations by offering a variety of numerical examples.
Chaotic Lid-Driven Square Cavity Flows at Extreme Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Garcia Salvador 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the chaotic lid-driven square cavity flows at extreme Reynolds numbers. Several observations have been made from this study. Firstly, at extreme Reynolds numbers two principles add at the genesis of tiny, loose counterclockwise- or clockwise-rotating eddies. One concerns the arousing of them owing to the influence of the clockwise- or counterclockwise currents nearby; the other, the arousing of counterclockwise-rotating eddies near attached to the moving (lid) top wall which moves from left to right. Secondly, unexpectedly, the kinetic energy soon reaches the qualitative temporal limit’s pace, fluctuating briskly, randomly inside the total kinetic energy range, fluctuations which concentrate on two distinct fragments: one on its upper side, the upper fragment, the other on its lower side, the lower fragment, switching briskly, randomly from each other; and further on many small fragments arousing randomly within both, switching briskly, randomly from one another. As the Reynolds number Re → ∞, both distance and then close, and the kinetic energy fluctuates shorter and shorter at the upper fragment and longer and longer at the lower fragment, displaying tall high spikes which enlarge and then disappear. As the time t → ∞ (at the Reynolds number Re fixed) they recur from time to time with roughly the same amplitude. For the most part, at the upper fragment the leading eddy rotates clockwise, and at the lower fragment, in stark contrast, it rotates counterclockwise. At Re=109 the leading eddy — at its qualitative temporal limit’s pace — appears to rotate solely counterclockwise.
Investigating Plasma Jets Behavior using Axisymmetric Lattice Boltzmann Model under Temperature Dependent Viscosity
Authors: Djebali Ridha 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study aims to investigate turbulent plasma flow using the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. A double population model D2Q9-D2Q4 is employed to calculate the plasma velocity and temperature fields. Along with the calculation process a conversion procedure is made between the LB and the physical unit systems, so that thermo-physical properties variation is fully accounted for and the convergence is checked in physical space. The configuration domain and the boundary condition treatment are selected based on the most cited studies in order to illustrate a realistic situation. The jet morphology analysis gives credible results by comparison with commonly published works. It was demonstrated also that accounting for the substrate as wall boundary condition modify greatly the flow and temperature structures with may affect absolutely the particles behavior during its in-flight in the hot gas.
A Penalty Optimization Algorithm for Eigenmode Optimization Problem Using Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhengfang , Chen Weifeng , Cheng Xiaoliang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the eigenmode optimization problem governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation in continuum system in which the computed eigenmode approaches the prescribed eigenmode in the whole domain. The first variation for the eigenmode optimization problem is evaluated by the quadratic penalty method, the adjoint variable method, and the formula based on sensitivity analysis. A penalty optimization algorithm is proposed, in which the density evolution is accomplished by introducing an artificial time term and solving an additional ordinary differential equation. The validity of the presented algorithm is confirmed by numerical results of the first and second eigenmode optimizations in 1Dand 2Dproblems.
A Numerical Method and its Error Estimates for the Decoupled Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Zhang Wei , Ju Lili 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a new numerical method for solving the decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) is proposed based on some specially derived reference equations. We rigorously analyze errors of the proposed method under general situations. Then we present error estimates for each of the specific cases when some classical numerical schemes for solving the forward SDE are taken in the method; in particular, we prove that the proposed method is second-order accurate if used together with the order-2.0 weak Taylor scheme for the SDE. Some examples are also given to numerically demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method and verify the theoretical results.
Facteurs associés à l’exposition élevée aux médicaments psychotropes identifiés lors d’une étude épidémiologique montréalaise
Authors: Perreault Michel , Mechakra-Tahiri Djemaâ-Samia , Fleury Marie-Josée , Touré El Hadj , Mitchell Emma , Caron Jean 
Published: December 2013

L’article examine les associations entre l’exposition élevée aux médicaments psychotropes, la présence d’un diagnostic de trouble mental et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques chez la population adulte. Un questionnaire a été passé par entrevue auprès de 2433 personnes de 15 ans et plus dans le cadre de l’enquête ZEPSOM (zone épidémiologique du sud-ouest de Montréal). Les déterminants de leur consommation de psychotropes ont fait l’objet d’analyses bivariées et de régression logistique multivariée. Une association bivariée significative a été observée entre la consommation de somnifères, d’anxiolytiques et d’antidépresseurs et être plus âgé, être une femme, vivre seul, avoir un niveau d’instruction et de revenu faible, de ne pas avoir occupé un emploi au cours des 12 mois précédant l’enquête et présenter un trouble mental. Une exposition élevée aux différents médicaments psychotropes (trois ou plus) a été rapportée chez 3,1 % des répondants. Toutes choses étant égales, elle augmente avec l’âge, le fait de vivre seul, ne pas avoir occupé d’emploi au cours de la dernière année et de présenter un trouble mental. Les résultats suggèrent la nécessité de considérer l’isolement social et la prévalence des troubles mentaux pour contextualiser l’exposition élevée aux médicaments psychotropes puisque la polypharmacie peut présenter des risques importants si elle ne s’inscrit pas dans la logique d’un protocole d’intervention clinique cohérent.
Une validation de la forme abrégée de l’Échelle de provisions sociales : l’ÉPS-10 items
Authors: Caron Jean 
Published: December 2013

L’Échelle de provisions sociales-10 items (ÉPS-10) est une version abrégée de l’Échelle de provisions sociales (Social Provisions Scale) (Cutrona et Russell, 1987) validée en langue française sur une population québécoise (Caron, 1996) et qui permet de mesurer la disponibilité du soutien social. L’ÉPS-10 conserve cinq des six sous-échelles de l’ÉPS (l’attachement ; l’intégration sociale ; la confirmation de sa valeur ; l’aide matérielle et l’orientation), le besoin de se sentir utile et nécessaire ayant été exclu, et ne garde que les items formulés positivement, soit deux items par dimension du soutien. L’article présente la validation de l’EPS-10 sur un échantillon représentatif de 2433 personnes provenant de la population générale du sud-ouest de Montréal. Elle a une forte validité concomitante avec l’Échelle originelle de 24 items (ÉPS). Tous ces items sont fortement corrélés au score total et sa consistance interne est excellente. Des analyses de corrélation entre les sous-échelles et le score global et une analyse factorielle indiquent que l’ÉPS-10 conserve sa validité de construit. L’ÉPS-10 explique 14,1 % de la variance de la détresse psychologique et 25,4 % de la variance de la qualité de vie et conserve un pouvoir prédictif équivalent à l’ÉPS à 24 items. L’ensemble des analyses suggère que l’ÉPS-10 est un instrument fiable et valide pour mesurer la disponibilité du soutien social avec un temps d’administration réduit de moitié. Il s’avère un excellent choix pour les enquêtes épidémiologiques.
Novel blend microspheres of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and Pluronic F68/127 for controlled release of 6‐mercaptopurine
Authors: Kajjari Praveen B. , Manjeshwar Lata S. , Aminabhavi Tejraj M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe objective of this article is to investigate the controlled release characteristics of 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) loaded microspheres prepared from the blends of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Pluronic F68/127 by the oil‐in‐water emulsion‐solvent evaporation technique. Formulations were prepared by taking different ratios of individual polymer components to achieve a maximum 79% encapsulation and extending the release time up to 24 h. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested reduction in crystallanity of PHB after blending with Pluronic F127. The absence of chemical interactions between 6‐MP and the blend matrix was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the size of microspheres measured by optical microscopy ranged between 30 and 47 μm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature of 6‐MP even after encapsulation and surface morphology of the microspheres was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro release of 6‐MP at 37°C in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer media indicated a dependence on the composition of Pluronic in the blend. The release data have been fitted to empirical equations to understand the release profile of 6‐MP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40196.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on surfactant doped polypyrrole (PPy) matrix for lactose determination
Authors: Gürsoy Oğuz , Çelik Gamze , Gürsoy Songül Şen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLactose biosensor based on surfactant doped polypyrrole (PPy) was developed. Galactose oxidase and β‐galactosidase was coimmobilized in PPy matrix during electropolymerization process with the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid as surfactant. Bi‐enzyme entrapped PPy was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The response of the enzyme electrode was measured by CV in the range of −0.1 to 1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl which was due to the electrooxidation of enzymatically produced H2O2. The effect of lactose concentration was investigated. Response time of biosensor was found to be 8–10 s (the time required to obtain the maximum peak current) and upper limit of the linear working portions was found to be 1.22 mM lactose concentration with a detection limit of (2.6 × 10−6 M). The apparent Michaelis–Menten constant was found to be 0.117 mM lactose. The effects of interferents (ascorbic acid and uric acid) were determined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40200.