bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prayer
Authors: Davies Brian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe article focuses on Aquinas's view on prayer. Aquinas had an understanding of God according to which everything created is at all times made to be what it is by God. Aquinas thought that God's omni-causality does not act as a rival to the causality of creatures, since it actually empowers it or makes it to exist. He thought that prayer is an expression of trust in God and an act of religion. He argued that the purpose of religion is offering reverence and honor to God through the prayers. Aquinas also insisted that prayer is an act of charity. He was clear that prayer should be directed to union with God and should be offered by human beings as seeking to achieve this. Aquinas held that human beings can specify what they want in their prayers such as particular temporal things, forgiveness of specific sins, or the well-being of their neighbors. Aquinas avoided high-minded generalities and he did not suggest that one should only vaguely ask for what is good. Aquinas argued that it is lawful to pray for what it is lawful to desire.
Greek and Roman Classics
Authors: Van Anglen K. P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Projecting the relationship Transcendentalism had with Greek and Roman Classics, this article looks at the exposure in Roman and Greek literature Transcendentalists recieved in their education. Though the Classics were central to their curricula, the special interest they showed in exploring it themselves gave them a good command of the subject. Harvard, in fact, provided a great platform to the Classics as many Transcendentalists took up languages and literature and mastered those subjects by the time they left college. The article explains that the women Transcendentalists too got the same level of education despite being excluded from institutions of higher learning. And, as they grew older they read the authors of antiquity as part of their struggle for intellectual autonomy and equality. The article also gives different reasons for the reception of the Classics by the Transcendentalists.
Asian Influences
Authors: Hodder Alan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article states that Asian religious texts and traditions had the greatest impact on the American Transcendentalists. Their embrace of the Asian religious ideas was a corrective step to the centuries-long dominion of Christianity in the west. The commerce—both intellectual and material—that had linked Asia and Europe played a crucial role in it. The French and English agents began acquainting themselves with the cultures and languages of the areas. The flow of material profit soon led to an unsuspected intellectual windfall in the form of a host of texts and translations that shed new lights on the traditions of Asia. This eventually led to the English translation of Bhagavad Geeta, the introduction of Buddhism in the west, and so on. The article looks at the contributions of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Amos Bronson Alcott to the Asiatic influence on Transcendentalism.
Education
Authors: Mott Wesley T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article talks about the Transcendentalists' vision of education, which was later extended to every stage of human life. They saw education as something that commemorates with the object of life and as a moral goal that teaches self-trust. The first generation of Transcendentalists had taken so much pain to attain the goal of education, especially of women who were denied access to higher education. Elizabeth Peabody, the most indefatigable teacher among the Transcendentalists and the one most receptive to European pedagogical innovations, was classically educated in a home school by her progressive mother. She later became one of the best educational activists among the Transcendentalists. Massachusetts witnessed many educational reforms during that period. The Transcendentalists, in all the way, were real educational reformists.
Native American Rights
Authors: Bellin Joshua David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article critically examines the Transcendentalists' attempts to speak for the Indians. The leading Transcendentalists were almost entirely silent on Native American political, territorial, and religious sovereignty. Though major figures such as Margaret Fuller and Henry David Thoreau read widely on Indians, traveled among them, and harbored a lifelong fascination with them, their admiration did not lead to advocacy. Though some of the Transcendentalists kept on talking about issues relating to the Indians, the talk did not come through in their actions. Transcendentalists such as Theodore Parker and Emerson have been criticized for their double standards on the issue. The chapter also talks about the kind of life the Indians had led in those days. However there were some less well-known figures who came forward to fill the gaping hole in the Transcendentalists' record on Native American rights, as there was an absence of leadership in the movement.
Antislavery Reform
Authors: Petrulionis Sandra Harbert 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Transcendentalism has a very deep history in antislavery activism. As the article goes, Radical abolitionism gained momentum as an organized effort centered in Transcendentalist New England with the Boston publication of William Lloyd Garrison's “Liberator,” which began in 1831. The article takes on Garrison as a great antislavery activist as in contrast to using gradual methods Garrison insisted on the immediate and peaceful abolition of slavery. Bronson Alcott alone among the Transcendentalists locked arms with Garrison, attending his lectures even before the “Liberator” began publication. However, later on, by the late 1850s, nearly all of the Transcendentalists regarded themselves as abolitionists. Instead of whether to act, they deliberated how to do so. Many women in the Transcendentalist circle responded to Garrison, empowered by his insistence that women take leadership roles in his movement, though the principal female Transcendentalist Fuller, however, played little to no active role in antislavery reform.
Health and the Body
Authors: Shelden Mary Lamb 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explains famous Transcendentalists' ideas on health and the body. People such as Emerson and Alcott considered the body as a kind of pivot point between nature and spirit. Transcendentalists preached respect for historically oppressed bodies, which included the establishment of women's rights and the abolition of slavery. This fundamental core of ideas respecting the body constituted a common ground among the various and interrelated health reform movements that sprang up in the early nineteenth century: that the body had remarkable powers of self-healing; that nature offered aid in curing the body of disease; and that healthful moral living could strengthen the constitution and help prevent disease. What united the widely diverse health reforms advocated during this period was a proffered paradigm shift to a model of wellness through natural healing and disease prevention. The article also states that there was widespread interest in less radical forms of vegetarianism.
Transcendental Poetics:Emerson, Higginson, and the Rise of Whitman and Dickinson
Authors: Folsom Ed 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article, mainly, analyses the poetic works of the Transcendentalists. Most of them have been categorized as essayists or nonfiction writers. Poetry was to them the occasional rather than the chief medium of expression. It was said that Transcendentalist poetry was too philosophical, not written to please, but to convince. However, this poetry often seemed as a kind of bardic or homiletic wisdom literature. The article also examines the works of Whitman and Dickinson relating them to Transcendentalism as although it is generally known that Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson are somehow associated with Transcendentalism, no one seems quite sure just how or just how much their poetry can or should be called “Transcendental.” While the Transcendentalists attempted to keep Whitman's and Dickinson's poetry in check, they also promoted their poetry to encourage society to take their idiosyncratic poetry seriously.
Travel Literature
Authors: Packer Barbara L. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article explains the approach of the Transcendentalists towards travel and travel literature. Those who wrote about traveling and travel literature often disparaged both. Ralph Waldo Emerson even called traveling “a fool's paradise”. However the article says that despite giving disparaging remarks most of them loved travel literature, cited it frequently in their own writings. The article also mentions the reason for this double standard of the Transcendentalists on both these topics. Travel literature provided an escape from New England's provincial orderliness. Its stories of hardships endured and dangers overcome offered agreeable examples of stoicism or at least pluck. The glimpses they provided into alien societies presented vantage points from which to view America's shortcomings. Most of the Transcendentalists became travelers in pursuit of education, health, or lecturing income; they recorded their impressions in letters, journals, memoirs, and poems. Some of them even published travel narratives.
Music
Authors: Saloman Ora Frishberg 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article talks about the contributions of the Transcendentalists to the genre of music in America. Though there were slight differences in their opinions, they were all in favor of music. Henry David Thoreau experienced music as a vital gateway to the physical and then to the spiritual universe. Transcendentalists proposed that music be regarded as an art, a language, and a prophecy. Its dual capacities, according to them, were “to hallow pleasure and to naturalize religion.” John Sullivan Dwight, the foremost of those who contributed to the American concert music advocated the formation of harmonious bonds between individuals and community through music as one way toward the amelioration of society. Transcendentalists tried to attract and retain excellent performing musicians who would reside and give concerts regularly in the United States despite poor working conditions and a lack of social status then endured by musicians.
Global Transcendentalism
Authors: Walls Laura Dassow 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article examines the courses of action taken by the Transcendentalists in the wake of globalization and how successful Transcendentalism was in becoming a global movement. Transcendentalists were self-conscious and enthusiastic participants in the global culture and commerce. They themselves saw their achievement in global, planetary, and even cosmic terms. The scientific discoveries that happened during that period helped them revise inherited dogmatisms into radically liberal and secular forms of religious thought. The article states that Transcendentalism was a movement that aimed at a global reach. They offered not a national but a global ideology. In Emerson's opinion, Transcendentalism would not only successfully interweave sources from all around the globe, across all historical time scales, it would also consolidate a project for “planetary conviviality” under the leadership of elite intellectuals. He also hoped that this international class would rise above the petty differences of nationalism to offer far-sighted guidance to global leaders.
Naysayers: Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville
Authors: Kopley Richard 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article takes on Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville calling them the naysayers among the Transcendentalists. The article enunciates that they brilliantly insisted upon themselves to resist effectively Transcendentalism. Their objections ranged from verbal obscurity to emotional reserve; their strongest shared concern was Transcendentalism's insubstantial treatment of the darker side of humanity. As the article explores, Poe's objections to Transcendentalism included what he considered its naïve reformism and its aesthetic inadequacy. Though Poe was keenly interested in the Transcendent, he was of an opinion that “Frogpondian” or “Bostonian” Transcendence could be problematic. The Transcendentalists of Boston were, to Poe, unreliable enthusiasts and unknowing zealots. Similarly Hawthorne and Melville had taken on Emerson's point of views, Melville's view of the social stringency of Emerson was already evident. His greatest objection to Emerson was his failure to recognize the reality of evil.
Walden: Pilgrimages and Iconographies
Authors: Wilson Leslie Perrin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Concord is the place Henry David Thoreau was most intimately associated with. Since his death, Concord has assumed heightened significance as it is remembered for including the Thoreau family home, the farmhouse on Virginia Road where he was born; the Main Street residence where he died; the First Parish Church, where he rang the bell to announce an antislavery gathering, and his gravesite in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery and so on. However, the connection between Thoreau and Concord is most powerfully embodied in Walden Pond, which served him as both home and inspiration. As the article reads, among the various Concord sites, Walden beckons as a shrine and it offered retreat and removal from the distractions of town life and an opportunity for contemplation. The article also looks at the ordinary tourists who view Walden as a famous literary locale. Pilgrims invest it with the capacity to spark their own spirituality, insight, and creative energy.
Twentieth-Century American Poetry
Authors: Morris Saundra 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A long and rich scholarly tradition has established that twentieth-century American poetry responds constitutively to Transcendentalism. And also, as the article explains, most scholars of Transcendentalism and American poetry have focused on Emerson and subsequent male poets. The article suggests ways to complicate and to extend our understanding of the poetic resonance of the Transcendentalisms of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, and Henry David Thoreau. The article explains that since the major Transcendentalists were white and culturally privileged, one must be careful not simply to reinscribe their voices by invoking marginalized ones as their descendants. While exploring permutations of Transcendentalism in subsequent American poetry, the article also emphasizes its fundamental concern with a politically ethical aesthetics that calls us to imagine the poetically beautiful in terms of the politically just.
Beyond Transnationalism: An Alternative Perspective on Immigrants’ Homeland Connections
Authors: Waldinger Roger 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article first provides a critical review of the transnational perspective on migration, tracing its intellectual career and providing an evaluation. Starting from the standpoint that international migrations invariably produce cross-border connections, it then provides an alternative perspective, designed to explain variations in the strength, persistence, and coverage of those cross-border ties. The remaining sections apply that perspective to a range of cross-border phenomena. Given the complexity of global migrations, the burgeoning literature, and the huge scholarship devoted to both historical and contemporary eras of mass migration, the article focuses on the international migrants who have converged on the contemporary United States and the complex relations that link them to both their old and new homes.
Public Opinion and Populism
Authors: Fetzer Joel S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article provides needed insight into public attitudes on immigration in a comprehensive review of social science research on immigration, public opinion, and populism. It begins by reviewing individual-level attitudes about migration, including sociological and economic predictors and psychological approaches. Within the former school of thought, there is a clear finding that education is associated with support for immigration and mixed findings about other would-be predictors (income, gender), as economic “threat” and in-group/out-group conflict variables both seem to exert cross-pressures on individual attitudes. Among the latter group, support for conservative parties, isolationist attitudes, and nationalism all boost anti-immigrant responses. The remainder of the article reviews the smaller literature on cross-national variation in attitudes toward immigration, changes in attitudes over time, differences in attitudes as a function of immigrant characteristics, variation in support for populist and anti-immigrant parties, and the translation of populist attitudes into restrictionist immigration policies. It concludes by identifying several important avenues for future research, including on immigration attitudes in the developing world by taking advantage of more mixed methodological approaches, and the media's role in priming the populist response.
Gender, Family, and Migration
Authors: Brettell Caroline B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article begins with three stories that represent intersectionality in women's experiences of migration, in relation not only to national origin, class, educational background, and age, but also to broader social and cultural issues as well as individual life experiences. It explores this intersectional diversity further while considering the significance of the analytic concept of gender to a more complete understanding of the migration process. First it discusses what has been labeled the “feminization of migration”, touching briefly on the importance of considering gender in relation to the governance of migration as well as on how the “culture of migration” that is in place in many sending societies is itself gendered. It then turns to an analysis of the gendered immigrant workplace, and finally to a discussion of the impact of migration on the family, particularly the nature of transnational families.
Regions and Regionalism
Authors: Geddes Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to identify the scope of, limits on, and potential for international migration in its various forms to become a component of interstate regionalism. The analysis is presented in five sections. The first section defines interstate regionalism and explores the place of regional organizations in the institutional architecture of world politics after World War II. The second section presents an overview of the economic effects of regionalism. The third explores the renewed interest in regionalism after the end of the Cold War. The fourth section provides an overview of extant regional organizations. The fifth analyzes European integration, with the question posed of whether regionalism in Europe is an exception rather than a model. The conclusion highlights the challenges posed by existing forms of regional organization and identifies some directions for future enquiry.
Poles Apart: The Politics of Illegal Immigration in America
Authors: Tichenor Daniel J. , Rosenblum Marc R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article analyzes the contemporary U.S. immigration policy debate. To understand why U.S. policymakers have struggled to address the nation's most significant immigration problems while immigration control measures have intensified, it identifies and examines five daunting barriers to broad reform. It considers immigration reform politics under Obama's two most immediate predecessors, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. These presidents ultimately made markedly different strategic choices on this combustible issue, with contrasting long-term implications. The article concludes by reviewing the politics of immigration policy during the first three years of the Obama administration and identifying persistent obstacles to comprehensive immigration reform.
Personality, Disease, and Self-healing
Authors: Friedman Howard S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIndividuals vary significantly in disease-proneness, recuperation, health, and longevity. Some of this variability can be predicted from personality, which captures biopsychosocial patterns that unfold across the lifespan. This is especially true when considering how personality interacts with psychosocial contexts. This chapter presents conceptual models of and reviews research linking core personality traits to health and longevity. Conscientiousness predicts better physical health and longevity, for a variety of reasons. The influences of extraversion, sociability, and agreeableness depend on a variety of situations and lifestyles tied to particular social groups. Neuroticism and negative affectivity are often conceptualized as negative traits that lead to illness, but the evidence is mixed; in light of certain social stresses, realistic pessimism and worrying may be health protective. Studying deeper and more sophisticated models of links between personality and health leads to an enhanced understanding of individual differences in life pathways toward health or illness.
Aging and Health
Authors: Rook Karen S. , Charles Susan Turk , Heckhausen Jutta 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe biopsychosocial model of health views health and illness in old age as resulting not only from biological and physical factors but also from the cumulative effects of a lifetime of psychological, social, and behavioral processes. This model recognizes the biological trajectory of decline throughout the adult lifespan and the fact that physical changes increase older adults’ susceptibility to acute and chronic conditions. In addition, this model acknowledges that psychological and social processes interact over time with biological changes to influence physical functioning, onset and progression of disease, and adaptation to illness. The chapter is organized in three main sections. The first section emphasizes the biological component of the model, discussing trajectories of physical functioning and health in old age, including physical decline, morbidity, and mortality. The second section focuses on the psychosocial component of the biopsychosocial model, emphasizing psychosocial factors that influence physical health and functioning in old age. The chapter concludes by discussing two very different scenarios that researchers have projected for the health of future cohorts of older adults.
Coping with Cancer
Authors: Malcarne Vanessa L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter addresses coping within the context of the adult cancer experience. It does not provide a comprehensive overview of the enormous literature on coping with cancer, but rather considers a range of relevant issues that have challenged coping researchers in the past, and are expected to do so in the future. The chapter first describes how coping has been conceptualized and measured in relation to both appraisals and outcomes, then discusses methodological concerns about research to date. Next, the efficacy of coping interventions and potential underlying mechanisms are considered. The challenge of translating research to practice, including whether interventions are cost-effective and relevant, is addressed, followed by a discussion of the provocative question of whether coping interventions can impact survival parameters. The chapter concludes by presenting specific coping strategies that will likely be the focus of future research, and key issues to be addressed by future cancer coping researchers.