bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Maniestations In HIV Positive Paediatric Patients
Authors: Ullal KR , Kondreddy B , Kuruvila M , Bhat K 
Published: July 2014

Background: Over the past decade Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has emerged as a major cause of severe illness and death in childhood in the United States and throughout the world. CD4 cell count and CD4 cell percentage are key markers for determining disease progress and the risk for opportunistic infection (OI) in HIV-infected patients. Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the cutaneous manifestations in HIV positive paediatric patients and to correlate their pattern and severity with CD4 count. Material and Methods: This was a hospital based study wherein all HIV positive patients in the paediatric age group were screened for cutaneous manifestations over a period of two years, CD4 counts were estimated and their severity and atypical presentations were correlated with the CD4 counts. Results: Out of the 104 children included in this study, 93 had cutaneous manifestations. Transplacental was the commonest mode of transmission. There was a significant risk of Grade III malnutrition (p=0.03). Dermatological manifestations were present in all with CD4 count less than 200. The highest mean CD4 count was for bacterial infections and the lowest was for oral candidiasis. The mean CD4 count for fungal infection, oral candidiasis and xerosis were statistically significant (p=0.001, 0.002, 0.025 respectively) Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of mucocutaneous manifestations increases with advanced immunosuppression in pediatric age group and help in early recognition of the infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10591 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.14-19
Pattern Of Skin Diseases In A Rural Village Development Community Of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha R , Shrestha DP , Lama L , Gurung D , Rosdahl I 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Skin diseases are a common cause of morbidity in Nepal as per the health services report. There is limited information on the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases in the community. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of skin diseases in a rural village development community of Nepal. Materials and methods: Two dermatologic health camps were conducted, during which, the villagers were examined by dermatologists. The skin diseases diagnosed were recorded in a proforma. Results: There were 433 individuals examined and 359 (male-47.9%; female-52.1%) had skin disease identified clinically (camp prevalence- 83%). The age of patients ranged from 1 to 80 years (mean-24.5; SD±15.9), with majority in the age group of 10-19 years. The most common skin disease category was eczemas (36.4%), followed by infections (28.4%), acne (22%), pigment disorders (34%) and urticaria (12.3%). Conclusion: Skin diseases were common in the community. The five most common Skin disease categories were eczemas, infections, acne and pigment disorders were the more common conditions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10595 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.41-44
Pachydermoperiostosis And An Eyelid Ptosis Associated With Spiky Keratoderma – An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Das S , Chakraborty S , Sarkar NS 
Published: July 2014

Pachydermoperiostosis, ( PDP), a rare hereditary disorder that is characterized by digital clubbing, pachydermia, subperiosteal new bone formation, associated with pain, polyarthritis, cutis verticis gyrata, seborrhoea and hyperhidrosis. It mainly presents due to disfiguring facial features, widening of the limbs and bone and joint pain. It affects male population predominantly and transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. There are many constant features associated with it as well as rarer features. Increased proliferation of the fibroblast and dysregulation of matrix protein play a central role in the pathogenesis of the disease. They are diagnosed primarily on clinical and radiological grounds. Histopathology plays a supportive role in the diagnosis. Such a case has to be differentiated from several other conditions like acromegaly, neurofibroma,,myxedema, primary systemic amyloidosis as wel as from other causes of digital clubbing. The case which is described here is a complete form of PDP which is a rare disease reported in Indian context and that too with the a rarer presentation of spiky palmoplanter keratoderma and severe mechanical ptosis leading to severe visual impairment which was corrected after surgical manipulation of the ptosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10603 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.48-52
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Inakanti Y , Kumar S 
Published: July 2014

Seborrhoeic keratosis is slow-growing, sharply demarcated tumour with a fissured or pitted surface. Its surface may have a thin greasy scale. It is benign tumour of external ear originating from proliferative epithelial cells. Its most common site ranges from the retro auricular region to the helical rim. We present a female patient aged 62 years with a localized solitary seborrhoeic keratosis of left ear. Report of Unusual case of seborrhoeic keratosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v12i1.10605 Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology Vol.12(1) 2014 pp.56-59
Corrosion resistance of laser treated titanium alloy with B4C particles at the surface
Authors: Yilbas Bekir Sami , Toor Ihsan-ul-Haq , Malik Jahanzaib 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Laser treatment of pre-prepared titanium alloy surface is carried out and electrochemical response of the treated surface is analyzed. B4C particles are located in a carbon film at the workpiece surface prior to the laser treatment process. Morphological and metallurgical changes are examined in the laser treated layer using analytical tools. Potentiodynamic tests are carried out to assess the corrosion rate of the treated surface. It is found that the laser treated surface is free from large-scale asperities such as large size cracks and cavities. Laser treatment significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the surface. The presence of B4C particles contributes to microhardness enhancement at the treated surface; however, the particles do not demonstrate any adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the surface.
Inhibition properties and adsorption behavior of olive leaf extract on N80 carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine solution
Authors: Pustaj Gordana , Kapor Frankica , Kvasnička Predrag 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe inhibition effect of olive leaf extract on corrosion of carbon steel in brine solutions saturated with CO2was investigated at 25 °C and 65 °C by means of Tafel polarization, weight loss measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results reveal that the olive leaf extract has a good inhibition effect on the carbon steel in CO2-saturated brine solution at both temperatures. Tafel polarization investigations revealed that olive leaf extract acted as a mixed inhibitor showing anodic and cathodic behavior. The adsorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicated the physisorption of olive leaf extract on carbon steel surface was a spontaneous and exothermic process with an increase in entropy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed types of bonding for olive leaf extract on the carbon steel surface.
Aggressive transsphenoidal resection of tumors invading the cavernous sinus in patients with acromegaly: predictive factors, strategies, and outcomes
Authors: Nishioka Hiroshi , Fukuhara Noriaki , Horiguchi Kentaro , Yamada Shozo 
Published: July 2014

Object
Cavernous sinus (CS) invasion is the most important preoperative predictor of remission in the surgical treatment of growth hormone–producing pituitary adenomas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aggressive technique for removal of tumors invading the CS in patients with acromegaly.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 150 consecutive patients with acromegaly who underwent primary transsphenoidal surgery in 2010 and 2011. The authors reviewed preoperative Knosp grade, intraoperative findings, histology of the medial wall of the CS, and surgical outcome according to the current consensus criteria for acromegaly.

Results
Cavernous sinus invasion was identified in 55 patients (36.7%): definite CS involvement by the tumor was observed under direct vision in 41 patients (74.5%), while invasion was histologically verified in 39 patients (70.9%). Invasion increased in frequency with the higher Knosp grade but was observed in 14.4% (13 of 90) of Grade 0 and 1 tumors. Overall, the remission rate fulfilling stringent criteria was 84.7% (127 of 150). Although CS invasion was significantly associated with an unfavorable outcome (p < 0.0001), remission was achieved in 69.1% (38 of 55) of patients with invasion. No major complications occurred in this series.

Conclusions
Cavernous sinus invasion is the most significant, independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Confirmation of invasion requires direct observation within the CS regardless of the microscope or endoscope used. Particularly in cases in which only the medial wall is involved, histological verification is always necessary to detect the occult invasion. Direct removal of the invading tumor, by sharp excision of the medial wall of the CS, is effective and safe and increases the chance of remission.
Bleeding propensity of cavernous malformations: impact of tight junction alterations on the occurrence of overt hematoma
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Schneider Hannah , Frei Karl , Kennes Lieven N. , Bertalanffy Helmut 
Published: July 2014

Object
Endothelial tight junction (TJ) expression is mostly absent in cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs), which causes increased perilesional erythrocyte and fluid oozing. However, in a subset of CM lesions, foci of preserved TJ staining are observed along endothelial cell contacts. The clinical relevance of this finding is unclear. This study investigates the relevance of the focal TJ protein expression and its association with CM bleeding propensity.

Methods
Immunohistochemical staining for the TJ proteins claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 was performed on 32 CM specimens that were resected during 2008–2010. The patients were allocated to 2 groups according to TJ protein expression, and the clinical and radiological parameters of aggressiveness were analyzed and compared.

Results
Complete absence of TJ expression was identified in 20 specimens, and focal TJ protein expression in 12. CMs without TJ immunoreactivity were significantly larger (p = 0.022) and had a significantly greater propensity for development of frank hematomas (p = 0.028) and perilesional edema (p = 0.013). Symptom severity, multiplicity, developmental venous anomaly (DVA) presence, and CM location did not show a significant difference depending on TJ expression.

Conclusions
In a univariate analysis the authors observed significantly less propensity for frank hematomas and perilesional edema as well as smaller size in CM lesions with focal TJ expression compared with CMs without TJ expression. The observed difference in TJ protein expression might be the reason for differences in bleeding propensity of the CM lesions. Although this finding cannot be used in predictive manner at this time, it is a basis for further multivariate analyses of possible CM biological predictors.
Intraindividual Capsular Bag Shrinkage Comparing Standard and Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
Authors: Dick H. Burkhard , Conrad-Hengerer Ina , Schultz Tim 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To examine the dynamics of capsular bag changes over 3 months of healing after standard cataract surgery and laser-assisted cataract surgery.

METHODS:
One hundred six eyes of 53 patients with visually significant cataracts were treated with laser-assisted cataract surgery in one eye and standard phacoemulsification in the other. A capsular measuring ring was implanted in both eyes and effective phacoemulsification time was recorded. Capsular bag diameter was measured at six time points within 3 months of follow-up. Intraindividual capsular bag shrinkage was calculated.

RESULTS:

The laser group required less ultrasound energy to remove the softened nucleus than the standard group (effective phacoemulsification time: 0.03 vs 1.25 sec;
P
< .005). The laser group had statistically significantly less capsular bag shrinkage than the standard group at all time points from 1 to 3 months (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Lens position changes within 3 months postoperatively may be lessened with laser-assisted cataract surgery in comparison to standard phacoemulsification due the decreased capsular bag shrinkage during this period. A tendency toward earlier stabilization of the capsular bag diameter with laser-assisted cataract surgery provides potential for more predictable effective lens position and intraocular lens power calculations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):228–233.]
Piggyback Intraocular Lens Implantation to Correct Pseudophakic Refractive Error After Segmental Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Venter Jan A. , Oberholster Andre , Schallhorn Steven C. , Pelouskova Martina 
Published: July 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate refractive and visual outcomes of secondary piggyback intraocular lens implantation in patients diagnosed as having residual ametropia following segmental multifocal lens implantation.

METHODS:
Data of 80 pseudophakic eyes with ametropia that underwent Sulcoflex aspheric 653L intraocular lens implantation (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., East Sussex, United Kingdom) to correct residual refractive error were analyzed. All eyes previously had in-the-bag zonal refractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation (Lentis Mplus MF30, models LS-312 and LS-313; Oculentis GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and required residual refractive error correction. Outcome measurements included uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, distance-corrected near visual acuity, manifest refraction, and complications. One-year data are presented in this study.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent ranged from −1.75 to +3.25 diopters (D) preoperatively (mean: +0.58 ± 1.15 D) and reduced to −1.25 to +0.50 D (mean: −0.14 ± 0.28 D;
P
< .01). Postoperatively, 93.8% of eyes were within ±0.50 D and 98.8% were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity improved significantly from 0.28 ± 0.16 to 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR and 78.8% of eyes achieved 6/6 (Snellen 20/20) or better postoperatively. The mean uncorrected near visual acuity changed from 0.43 ± 0.28 to 0.19 ± 0.15 logMAR. There was no significant change in corrected distance visual acuity or distance-corrected near visual acuity. No serious intraoperative or postoperative complications requiring secondary intraocular lens removal occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sulcoflex lenses proved to be a predictable and safe option for correcting residual refractive error in patients diagnosed as having pseudophakia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(4):234–239.]
Efficient and Stable Numerical Methods for Multi-Term Time Fractional Sub-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Ren Jincheng , Sun Zhi-zhong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSome efficient numerical schemes are proposed for solving one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) multi-term time fractional sub-diffusion equations, combining the compact difference approach for the spatial discretisation and L1 approximation for the multi-term time Caputo fractional derivatives. The stability and convergence of these difference schemes are theoretically established. Several numerical examples are implemented, testifying to their efficiency and confirming their convergence order.
An Efficient Algorithm to Construct an Orthonormal Basis for the Extended Krylov Subspace
Authors: Imakura Akira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSubspace projection methods based on the Krylov subspace using powers of a matrixAhave often been standard for solving large matrix computations in many areas of application. Recently, projection methods based on the extended Krylov subspace using powers ofAandA−1have attracted attention, particularly for functions of a matrix times a vector and matrix equations. In this article, we propose an efficient algorithm for constructing an orthonormal basis for the extended Krylov subspace. Numerical experiments indicate that this algorithm has less computational cost and approximately the same accuracy as the traditional algorithm.
“Homme” peut-il vouloir dire “Femme”? Gender and Translation in Seventeenth-Century French Moral Literature
Authors: Zoberman Pierre 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Can homme mean femme? Should supposedly gender-neutral terms such as homme(s), in the works of seventeenth-century French moralists (notably Pascal and La Bruyère), be rendered into un-gendered forms like humankind when translated into English? What are the presuppositions and consequences of the choices available to translators? Exploring the use, not only of l'homme/les hommes, but also personne (person) and gens (people), and ostensibly gender-neutral pronouns—on (one)—the article shows how deceptive this gender neutrality is and how the moralists' texts constantly shift from uses of homme as humankind to homme as the male of the species. Choosing gender-neutral options (e.g., humankind) may help make texts of early modern France more germane to the concerns of readers today. However, it obscures the linguistic sleight-of-hand and the exclusion of woman from those discourses as anything but a negative figure. Paradoxically, moralists subvert the gender binary. If women appear as a foil for men, men, viz. the males of the species, as a whole fail to live up to moralists' standards—thus sharing the shortcomings of women. Therefore, the article argues for fidelity to the non-neutral forms as a way to point to the very process of gender definition and, in particular, to the discounting of women prevalent in the works of French moralsists from the early modern period.
What Is The Core Normative Argument for Greater Democracy in Criminal Justice?
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper, I look at some arguments for introducing a greater degree of lay participation into decision-making in the criminal justice system and other central institutions. I distinguish two types of argument for the conclusion that we should introduce greater lay participation: the Correction Thesis, that lay participation is necessary to correct for certain limitations and biases inherent even in the best decision-making that is carried out by people in possession of superior knowledge of an issue; and the Common Ownership Thesis, that democratic self-governance generates responsibilities that we cannot simply devolve to a technical association or bureaucracy to sort out for us. I argue that the Correction Thesis is inadequate to provide a general justification for greater lay participation. Such a general justification might more plausibly be given by the Common Ownership thesis. But the latter must be improved before we can fully understand its scope and plausibility.
Variation in weed infestation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) depending on the intensity of chemical protection of plantations
Authors: Domaradzki Krzysztof , Marczewska-Kolasa Katarzyna , Bortniak Marcin 
Published: July 2014

A floristic study was conducted over the period 2010–2012, using the Braun-Blanquet method, under which vegetation relevés were made in sugar beet (<em>Beta</em><em> vulgaris </em>L. subsp. <em>vulgaris</em>) plantations in Lower Silesia. Fields with similar habitat conditions, which differed in the intensity of herbicide application to control weed infestation, were selected for observation. A total of 144 relevés were made and based on them a list was prepared of species found in fields in which different levels of chemical protection were used. A cover index and a constancy class were determined for each species found in the phytocoenoses studied. On the basis of these observations, the study found floristic variation in the investigated agrophytocenoses as af- fected by the level of intensity of weed control chemicals used. In herbicide-untreated plots, a total of 25 weed species were found and their aggregate cover index was 8705. <em>Chenopodium album </em>L.<em>, Polygonum persicaria </em>L. and <em>Setaria pumila </em>(POIR.) ROEM. &amp; SCHULT by far dominated among them. Herbicide use caused an impoverishment in the floristic list. 20 taxa were observed in the plots treated with the lowest herbicide rates, while with increasing rates the number of species dropped to 18. The sum of the cover indices also decreased with increasing rates, successively reaching the values of 5907, 5212 and 4356.
Ética e cultura dialogal: transitividade crítico-reflexiva em educação
Authors: Alves Marcos Alexandre , Ghiggi Gomercindo 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464446706 O artigo mostra que não há educação eticamente isenta e ideologicamente neutra. No processo de formação de um indivíduo torna-se impossível dissociar a questão educacional do um conjunto de atributos éticos. Examina a temática da (co)relação entre ética e educação, a fim de se discutir a natureza e a função do ato educativo, tendo em vista as implicações e os resultados na formação do indivíduo. Defende que cabe ao educador a função de desenvolver no educando a dimensão crítico-reflexiva, explorar temas de motivação e proximidade com as reais condições vivenciais e existenciais do educando, instigar a mentalidade da pesquisa e da busca autônoma do saber, demonstrar as causas e as razões da opressão, motivar o diálogo e ouvir o que o educando tem a dizer e assumir eticamente sua responsabilidade para com a cidadania esclarecida.
A aprendizagem colaborativa para a interdependência positiva no processo ensino-aprendizagem em cursos universitários
Authors: Troncarelli Marcella Zampoli , Faria Adriano Antonio 
Published: July 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464447770 A evolução do perfil dos alunos dos cursos de graduação ao longo dos anos, frente às inovações tecnológicas e facilidade de acesso a informações, exige que as metodologias de educação no ensino superior sejam constantemente aperfeiçoadas. É mundialmente reconhecido, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto na literatura científica, que os alunos têm apresentado gradativo envolvimento no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, atuando de maneira participativa e crítica; assim como os docentes têm atuado como facilitadores neste processo. Os métodos de Aprendizagem Colaborativa/Cooperativa (AC) têm apresentado resultados bastante satisfatórios em cursos de graduação, uma vez que durante as atividades educacionais, tanto os alunos quanto os docentes interagem entre si, para a construção do conhecimento. No Brasil, embora em algumas Universidades os métodos de AC já estejam sendo empregados, ainda há a necessidade de divulgação/disseminação desta proposta como forma de incremento educacional para os cursos de graduação. Desta maneira, objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, elencar e ressaltar as vantagens da AC no âmbito do ensino superior e fornecer diretrizes de como constituir ambientes favoráveis e grupos exitosos para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, adotou-se como principal referencial teórico a linha construtivista, realizando-se levantamento bibliográfico com base em artigos e textos de abrangência na área, publicados nos últimos dez anos em periódicos e livros de reconhecido impacto científico.