bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Watt Stephen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter traces the uncanny, often emotionally intensive interactions between Irish and Jewish people from their nineteenth-century emigrations through the Dublin of James Joyce’s Ulysses and the writing of Henry Roth, Edward Dahlberg, and James T. Farrell. It delineates this relationship in a variety of popular cultural forms—Tin Pan Alley music, for example, popular Broadway dramas like Anne Nichols’s smash hit Abie’s Irish Rose (1921), and tenement fiction by Anzia Yezierska—and outlines key theoretical concepts to be employed throughout the study. These include ideas from performance theory, psychoanalysis, affect theory, and diaspora study. This chapter also develops the idea of a “circum–North Atlantic” cultural exchange so as to explain the foregrounding of Irish, Irish-American, Jewish-American, and in some cases European writers, intellectuals, and performers in the chapters that follow.
The Cultural Work of Immigrant Melodrama
Authors: Watt Stephen 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Juxtaposing one of America’s most celebrated modernist plays—John Howard Lawson’s Processional (1925)—to nineteenth-century melodrama from 1850 onward, this chapter argues for the various cultural work achieved by melodrama, particularly its critique of capitalism that anticipates that of Lawson. At the same time, however, nineteenth-century melodrama underscores the contributions Irish and Jewish immigrants could make to an ever-modernizing economy and a more diverse, cosmopolitan society. In doing so, it provides a counterdiscourse to negative stereotypes of immigrants and even responds to the popular “Irish drama” written by Dion Boucicault and a host of imitators. Not surprisingly, in a process that, borrowing from Joseph Roach’s influential theory of performance, might be termed surrogation, Jewish characters could be inserted into successful plot formulas previously inhabited by Irish characters, thereby underscoring their potential contributions to America as well.
Method
Authors: Glasner Ruth 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Gersonides was an empiricist philosopher and a mathematical practitioner. One of his most impressive achievements was the scientific method to which he referred as the examination of ‘the parts of the contradictory (ḥelqey ha-soter)’. It is a method of deciding between hypotheses on the basis of a posteriori testing, if possible supported by observations. The method could thus answer the needs of a complex science based on planned observations like astronomy. Gersonides does not present his method as innovative and emphasized his reliance on Aristotle’s method of dialectic, trying to play down the difference between the Aristotelian concepts of dialectic and demonstration.
Pediatric Acute Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Accidents: A Case Report
Authors: Lahham Shadi , Nelson David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
An 8-year-old girl presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with left-sided weakness. Workup consisted of labs and imaging including magnetic resonance imaging showing an acute ischemic stroke. Literature regarding pediatric acute ischemic stroke is minimal, and there are few protocols guiding care in the pediatric population. Current recommendations include treatment with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with subsequent daily aspirin prophylaxis. Further large scale studies are needed to produce protocols and generalizable treatment plans.
Relation of the Vector Force Needed to Lift the Upper Eyelids and the Degree of Exophthalmos
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Joo Ho , Kim Hun , Hwang Se Won 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relation of the vector force needed to lift the upper eyelids and the degree of exophthalmos (EX). In the 109 magnetic resonance imaging films, the degree of EX (the shortest distance from the cornea to the line connecting both lateral orbital rims), the anterior angle (θ, an angle formed from the lower margin of the upper eyelid–superior transverse ligament (STL)–with a parallel line connecting the supraorbital rim and the infraorbital rim in the sagittal film), the length from the STL to the upper eyelid margin (levator length [LL]), the thickness of the STL (WT), and the thickness the of levator palpebrae (LT) were measured.
The average EX was 14.5 ± 2.35 mm. The average θ was 33.84 ± 2.15 degrees. The vector force needed to lift the upper eyelids (cos θ) was 0.83. The average LL was 21.0 ± 1.54 mm. The average WT was 1.07 ± 0.22 mm. The average LT was 1.69 ± 0.30 mm. There was a significant positive relationship between the EX and age (P = 0.022). The EX in those younger than 20 years (12.8 ± 2.06) was significantly lesser than that of the other age groups. There was no significant relationship between the EX and cos θ. However, there was a significant positive relationship between the EX and the LL. There was a significant positive relationship between LL and LT, and between LL and WT.
The farther the eyeball protrudes, the longer the LL is needed. The longer the LL is, the thicker the levator muscle and STL.
Investigating the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies
Authors: Chatzoudes Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Dimitriadis Efstathios 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between consumer perceptions about large companies and behavioral intention toward buying products from these companies. It is hypothesized that the better the perceptions, the higher the behavioral intention. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies are proposed as the perfect tool to improve consumer perceptions and, hence, increase the customer base of large organizations. Such an approach has randomly been explored in the existing literature, making the examination of the proposed conceptual framework of the study an interesting research topic.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed conceptual framework was tested on a sample of Greek consumers. The final sample consisted of 454 adult consumers. The reliability and the validity of the newly developed questionnaire were thoroughly examined. Empirical data were analyzed using the “Structural Equation Modeling” technique.Findings– The results of the quantitative research highlighted the negative perceptions of Greek consumers toward large companies but, at the same time, revealed the statistically significant positive effect of certain dimensions of consumer perceptions on behavioral intention. In more detail, “interest toward community and employees” and “contribution to economic prosperity” seem to enhance behavioral intention, with the first being the most important factor.Research limitations/implications– A limitation stemming from the implemented methodology is the use of self-report scales to measure the constructs of the proposed model. Moreover, as the measurement of consumer perceptions has never been attempted in the existing literature, the items used to measure this construct were created after an extensive review of theoretical papers, failing to incorporate scales that have been already tested for their reliability.Practical implications– Using the findings of the empirical analysis as guiding lights, the present study proposes certain measures for large organizations. Highly proposed policies are offered in the final part of the paper. These policies are connected with enhancing the perceived interest of the company toward its community and employees.Originality/value– The present paper proposes a conceptual framework that examines CSR under a context that has been randomly examined before. It goes beyond theoretical principles and approaches issues that are vital for large organizations. Moreover, the results of the study may be generalized in other developed countries with similar economic realities (e.g. Spain, Italy, Portugal and Ireland).
Executive remuneration: regulatory reforms in UK company law
Authors: Wells Philip J 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the various proposals to regulate executive pay in the UK. Situated within a corporate governance context, it focuses on using shareholder empowerment as a mechanism to formulate a regulatory strategy to quell the continued furore that surrounds the issue.Design/methodology/approach– Using an expansive array of different academic materials, the paper adopts the approach of using critical analysis to provide an original insight into the popular and contentious issue of executive remuneration.Findings– The paper finds that the UK Government’s current proposal to regulate executive remuneration, via the shareholder empowerment device of a binding vote on remuneration, will primarily consist of symbolic rather than practical significance.Social implications– The paper provides important social implications, as it provides a new prospective and insight into the well-covered issue of executive remuneration.Originality/value– The paper draws on a host of traditional and modern academic materials to create a new viewpoint on the issue of remuneration. Moreover, the paper is original insofar that it ties the issue of shareholder empowerment into the conceptual design and formulation of company law and corporate law theory.
Geophone‐ground coupling with flat bases
Authors: Carcione José M. , Almalki Hashim S. , Qadrouh Ayman N. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSeismic acquisition can be costly and inefficient when using spiked geophones. In most cases, such as the desert, the most practical solution is the use of flat bases, where geophone‐ground coupling is based on an optimal choice of the mass and area of contact between the receiver and the ground. This optimization is necessary since areas covered by sand are loose sediments and poor coupling occurs. Other cases include ground coupling in stiff pavements, for instance urban areas and ocean‐bottom nodes. We consider three different approaches to analyse coupling and model the geophone with a flat base (plate) resting on an elastic half‐space. Two existing models, based on the full‐wave theory, which we refer to as the Wolf and Hoover‐O'Brien models, predict a different behaviour with respect to the novel method introduced in this work. This method is based on the transmission coefficient of upgoing waves impinging in the geophone‐ground contact, where the ground is described as an anelastic half‐space. The boundary conditions at the contact have already been used to model fractures and are shown here to provide the equation of the damped oscillator. This fracture‐contact model depends on the stiffness characteristic of the contact between the geophone base plate and the ground. The transmission coefficient from the ground to the plate increases for increasing weight and decreasing base plate area. The new model predicts that the resonant frequency is independent of the geophone weight and plate radius, while the recorded energy increases with increasing weight and decreasing base plate area (as shown from our own experiments and measurements by Krohn) which is contrary to the theories developed by Wolf and Hoover‐O'Brien. The transient response is obtained by an inverse Fourier transform. Optimal geophone‐ground coupling and energy transmission are required, the first concept meaning that the geophone is following the motion of the ground and the second one that the signal is detectable. As a final example, we simulate seismic acquisition based on the novel theory, showing the differences between optimal and poor ground‐to‐geophone energy transmission.
Reproductive biological characteristics potentially contributed to invasiveness in an alien invasive plant Bidens frondosa
Authors: Yan Xiao Hong , Zhou Bing , Yin Zeng Fang , Wang Ning , Zhang Zheng Guang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBidens frondosa L. (Asteraceae) is a widespread invasive weed in China. By experimental observation and bagging treatment, the reproductive biological characteristics of this species, such as phenology of flowering, floral syndrome, breeding system and seed germination characteristics, were studied to assess the association of these reproductive characteristics with invasiveness. Flowers of B. frondosa bloom from September to October every year in Ji'an city, Jiangxi province. The lifespan of a single capitulum is approximately 4 to 5 days, with 30 to 60 florets per capitulum. The capitulum diameter, anthocaulus length, floret length and width, stamen length and pistil length were 6.1, 30.9, 2.2, 0.6, 3.0 and 2.7 mm, respectively. The seed set percentage of 48.5% in the treatment of bagging flowers without emasculation suggests B. frondosa is self‐compatible; meanwhile, the percentage of 63.1% in the treatment of bagging with emasculation and manual xenogamy suggests it also is cross‐compatible. P/O ratio per capitulum of this species was 450.5, which suggests that the breeding system of B. frondosa is facultative xenogamous, and it needs pollinators to some degree. The main floral visitors were insects of Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. The 1000‐achenes weight was 1.97 g. The achenes emerged as a small germination peak from the fourth to fifth day, and had a high accumulated germination rate of up to 84.0% on day 20 after sowing. Our experimental findings suggested that the reproductive biological characteristics, such as the versatile mating system of self‐ and cross‐pollination, high seed production, a special method of achene dispersal and germination peak, accompanied by a high accumulated germination rate, might contribute to the invasive ability of B. frondosa.
Emergency department clinical redesign, team‐based care and improvements in hospital performance: A time series analysis
Authors: Dinh Michael M , Green Timothy C , Bein Kendall J , Lo Serigne , Jones Aaron , Johnson Terence 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the impact of an ED clinical redesign project that involved team‐based care and early senior assessment on hospital performance.MethodsThis was an interrupted time series analysis performed using daily hospital performance data 6 months before and 8 months after the implementation of the clinical redesign intervention that involved Emergency Consultant‐led team‐based care, redistribution of ED beds and implementation of a senior nursing coordination roles in the ED. The primary outcome was the daily National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) performance (proportion of total daily ED presentations that were admitted to an inpatient ward or discharged from ED within 4 h of arrival). Secondary outcomes were daily ALOS in ED, inpatient Clinical Emergency Response System (CERS) calls and hospital mortality. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average analysis was used to model NEAT performance. Hospital mortality was modelled using negative binomial regression.ResultsAfter adjusting for patient volume, inpatient admissions, ambulance, hospital occupancy, weekends ED Consultant numbers, weekends and underlying trends, there was a 17% improvement in NEAT associated with the post‐intervention period (95% CI 12, 19% P < 0.001). There was no change in the number of CERS calls and the median daily hospital mortality rate reduced from 1.04% to 0.96% (P = 0.025).ConclusionAn ED‐focused clinical redesign project was associated with a 17% improvement in NEAT performance with no evidence of an increase in clinical deterioration on inpatient wards and evidence for an improvement in hospital mortality.
Triage‐based resource allocation and clinical treatment protocol on outcome and length of stay in the emergency department
Authors: Ro Young Sun , Shin Sang Do , Song Kyoung Jun , Cha Won Chul , Cho Jin Sung 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the relationship between the triage‐based resource allocation and clinical treatment (TRACT) protocol and mortality and length of stay (LOS) in ED.MethodsThis before‐and‐after study was conducted in an adult, tertiary, teaching hospital ED from August 2008 to July 2012. Patients who were younger than 18 years of age, who were dead on arrival and whose triage information was not available were excluded. TRACT was implemented in August 2010, and the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) was used for triage. Primary and secondary outcomes were ED mortality and ED LOS. Multivariate logistic regression models for ED mortality and multivariable general linear models on the ED LOS were used to compare the before‐ and after‐intervention periods.ResultsFor the 155 563 visits over study period, the ED mortality rate was 0.2%, and the ED LOS was 4.6 h (median). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the TRACT protocol on ED mortality were 0.69 (0.54–0.88) for total patients, 0.42 (0.30–0.59) for ESI 1, 1.04 (0.66–1.65) for ESI 2 and 1.45 (0.76–2.75) for ESI 3 group. The adjusted coefficients (95% CIs) of the TRACT on the ED LOS were −88.1 (−96.9 ∼ −79.2) min for all patients, −44.9 (−72.0 ∼ −17.9) min for ESI level 2 and −104.3 (−114.7 ∼ −94.0) min for ESI level 3.ConclusionsThe TRACT protocol decreased the ED mortality in ESI 1 group and reduced the ED LOS in ESI levels 2 and 3 groups.
The effects of age and dietary restriction on the tissue‐specific metabolome of Drosophila
Authors: Laye Matthew J. , Tran ViLinh , Jones Dean P. , Kapahi Pankaj , Promislow Daniel E. L. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDietary restriction (DR) is a robust intervention that extends lifespan and slows the onset of age‐related diseases in diverse organisms. While significant progress has been made in attempts to uncover the genetic mechanisms of DR, there are few studies on the effects of DR on the metabolome. In recent years, metabolomic profiling has emerged as a powerful technology to understand the molecular causes and consequences of natural aging and disease‐associated phenotypes. Here, we use high‐resolution mass spectroscopy and novel computational approaches to examine changes in the metabolome from the head, thorax, abdomen, and whole body at multiple ages in Drosophila fed either a nutrient‐rich ad libitum (AL) or nutrient‐restricted (DR) diet. Multivariate analysis clearly separates the metabolome by diet in different tissues and different ages. DR significantly altered the metabolome and, in particular, slowed age‐related changes in the metabolome. Interestingly, we observed interacting metabolites whose correlation coefficients, but not mean levels, differed significantly between AL and DR. The number and magnitude of positively correlated metabolites was greater under a DR diet. Furthermore, there was a decrease in positive metabolite correlations as flies aged on an AL diet. Conversely, DR enhanced these correlations with age. Metabolic set enrichment analysis identified several known (e.g., amino acid and NAD metabolism) and novel metabolic pathways that may affect how DR effects aging. Our results suggest that network structure of metabolites is altered upon DR and may play an important role in preventing the decline of homeostasis with age.
Effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida albicans on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Farr Alex , Kiss Herbert , Holzer Iris , Husslein Peter , Hagmann Michael , Petricevic Ljubomir 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionVaginal infection is a major causative factor of preterm delivery. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida albicans at early gestation on pregnancy outcome.Material and methodsFrom 2005 to 2014, a total of 8447 women with singleton pregnancies between 10+0 and 16+0 gestational weeks were routinely subjected to an antenatal infection screen‐and‐treat program. Vaginal smears were Gram‐stained and microscopically evaluated, and data were retrospectively analyzed. Women exposed to Candida received clotrimazole and were re‐tested after 4–6 weeks. Treatment was repeated in case of recurrence. Women with normal or intermediate vaginal flora were considered as non‐exposed. Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were assessed and treated as well. Descriptive data analysis, chi‐squared testing and multiple regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders were performed. Rates of asymptomatic vaginal infections, preterm delivery and low birthweight served as the main outcomes measures.ResultsA normal or intermediate flora was found in 6708 (79.4%) of the screened women; 1142 women (13.5%) showed asymptomatic C. albicans infection. Of this group, 185 women (2.2%) had a recurrence of Candida on vaginal smears. Compared with the non‐exposed women with normal or intermediate flora, those with recurrent candidiasis had higher rates of preterm delivery (11.9% vs. 9.5%) and of low birthweight (10.8% vs. 8.0%), as confirmed in the multiple model (p = 0.02).ConclusionsRecurrent asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida in early pregnancy is associated with preterm delivery and low birthweight. Routine screening and consequent treatment for candidiasis could improve pregnancy outcomes.
Evolution to plasmablastic lymphoma evades CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells
Authors: Evans Andrew G. , Rothberg Paul G. , Burack W. Richard , Huntington Scott F. , Porter David L. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Liesveld Jane L. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryA patient with relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with Richter transformation was treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells targeted for CD19 but later relapsed with a clonally related plasmablastic lymphoma. The loss of most routine markers of pre‐plasma cell or B lymphoid differentiation (including CD19) highlights the ability of such mature lymphomas to evade lineage‐specific targeted immunotherapy by differentiating along pathways comparable to their normal cellular counterparts. Molecular genetic evaluation demonstrated multiple independent lines of CD19‐negative disease that eventually evolved in this single patient. Such plasticity represents potential challenges for antigen‐directed CAR‐T cell therapy, while serving as a testament to the selective pressure exerted by these engineered T cells over time.
Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells stimulated with an adjuvant direct the development of Th1 and Th2 cellsin vivo
Authors: Matsui K , Mori A , Ikeda R 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIt is well known that Langerhans cells (LCs) work as the primary orchestrators in the polarization of immune responses towards a T helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 milieu. In this study, we attempted to generate LCs from murine bone marrow cells and elicit a Th1- or Th2-prone immune response through the LCs after stimulation with Th1 or Th2 adjuvant. LCs were generated from murine bone marrow cells using granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and were obtained as I-Ad positive cells. Mice were primed with Th1/Th2 adjuvant- and ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed LCs and then given a booster injection of OVA 2 days later via the hind footpad. Five days after the OVA injection, the cytokine response in the draining popliteal lymph nodes was investigated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The generated LCs expressed typical LC surface markers, E-cadherin and Langerin, and were classified accordingly as LC-like dendritic cells (LDCs). Administration of Th1 adjuvant, cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG)-DNA- and OVA-pulsed LDCs into the hind footpads of mice induced a Th1-prone immune response, as represented by up-regulation of IFN-γ production and down-regulation of IL-4 production in the lymph node cells. Conversely, Th2 adjuvant, histamine-pulsed LDCs induced a Th2-prone immune response, as represented by up-regulation of IL-4 production and down-regulation of IFN-γ production. These results suggest that LDCs may be used as a substitute for LCs and have the ability to induce the development of Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo. Our experimental system would therefore be useful for screening of inhibitors of Th1/Th2 differentiation in order to control allergic disease.