bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices to predict acute clinical decompensation events
Authors: Tinoco Mariana , Castro Margarida , Mota Marta , Almeida Filipa , Ribeiro Silvia , Faria Bebiana , Calvo Lucy , Cardoso Filipa , Sanfins Victor , Lourenço António 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) patients are at constant risk of decompensation, and urgent hospital admissions can be life‐threatening events. Monitoring biological variables has been proved to be an important mechanism to anticipate decompensations. TriageHF is a validated diagnostic algorithm tool available on Medtronic® cardiac implantable electronic devices that combines physiological data to stratify a patient's risk of HF hospitalization in the following 30 days in low, medium or high risk. We aimed to evaluate the utility of TriageHF algorithm to predict the occurrence of acute clinical decompensation events (ACDE), including HF and non‐HF cardiovascular events, within a 30‐day period in a population of HF patients with reduced ejection fraction.MethodsWe reviewed the transmissions received by the Medtronic® Carelink™ Network between August 2022 and July 2023. The heart failure risk status (HFRS) and the device parameters contributing to that risk, from the previous 30 days, were collected, along with the occurrence of ACDEs within 30 days.ResultsWe retrospectively assessed 207 transmissions from the 64 patients included in the study. Among the 93 medium HFRS transmissions, 16 (17.2%) resulted in ACDEs. For the 21 high HFRS transmissions, 10 (47.6%) resulted in ACDEs. Considering the ACDEs, 60.7% were preceded by an alarm‐initiated transmission. Except for heart rate variability, each diagnostic parameter demonstrated effectiveness in stratifying risk for ACDEs. Optivol® and the Combined Heart Rhythm showed independent association with ACDEs (p < .001). Patients with medium and high HFRS were, respectively, 8.6 and 29.1 times more likely to experience an ACDE in the next 30 days than low risk patients. A medium‐high HFRS conferred a sensitivity of 92.9% and a NPV of 97.8% for an ACDE.ConclusionTriageHF is a useful method for predicting ACDEs and has the potential to trigger medical actions to prevent hospitalizations.
Can the QRS morphology of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia change when right bundle branch block emerges during sinus rhythm?
Authors: Hara Satoshi , Miwa Naoyuki , Kusa Shigeki , Sato Yoshikazu , Doi Junichi , Nakata Tadanori , Hirano Hidenori , Ishizawa Taiki , Sasano Tetsuo , Hachiya Hitoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundQRS morphology can change during ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) with the appearance of bundle branch block (BBB).MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 195 consecutive patients who underwent an initial ablation of VA. The study inclusion criteria were VAs that were successfully ablated in the outflow tract (OT) and in whom right bundle branch block (RBBB) was induced by catheter manipulation close to the His bundle area during sinus rhythm, before any radiofrequency application. We analyzed the QRS morphology of the VAs with and without RBBB during sinus beats.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (age 59 ± 17 years, female 14) developed RBBB at some point during their procedure. The successful ablation sites of the VAs were the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in 12 patients, pulmonary artery in one, left coronary cusp in five, right coronary cusp in three, right‐left cusp junction in two, and great cardiac vein in two. QRS‐morphology change was observed in five (20%) cases. The successful ablation sites in that group were the left coronary cusp in three cases, right coronary cusp in one, and RVOT septum in one. The QRS duration of the VAs increased during RBBB.ConclusionsThere are some cases of OT‐VAs in which the QRS waveform changes with the appearance of catheter induced RBBB. We need to be aware that when QRS morphology changes during an OT‐VA ablation, it does not necessarily mean that the origin or exit of the VA has changed.
Exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in adolescent recreational athletes: Potential screening strategies
Authors: Goossens Janne , Vandekerckhove Josefien , Jonckheere Anne‐Charlotte , Dilissen Ellen , Marain Nora , Ieven Toon , De Wilde Barbara , Leus Jasmine , Verelst Sophie , Raes Marc , Dupont Lieven , Bullens Dominique 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntense physical exercise in athletes increases the risk to develop exercise‐induced bronchocontriction (EIB). We aimed to study EIB prevalence and explore methods for effective EIB screening.MethodsThree hundred twenty‐seven adolescent athletes (12–18 years) performing at least 12 h of sports a week were included. The evaluation consisted of spirometry, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea test (EVH) to evaluate for EIB, FeNO, skin prick testing, blood sampling (serum markers of epithelial damage and mast cell activation), and questionnaires (AQUA©, ACT, ACQ, and exposure and symptom‐related questions).ResultsOf all athletes, 22% tested positive for EIB (n = 72), 14% reported a previous asthma diagnosis and 40% were atopic. Eighty percent of EIB+ athletes did not use any inhalation therapy. EIB+ athletes were significantly younger, had decreased FEV1/FVC (%), and increased post‐EVH‐reversibility (%) post‐salbutamol compared with EIB− athletes. Furthermore, EIB was significantly associated with previous asthma diagnosis and atopy. The best predictors for a positive EVH test were AQUA© score ≥ 6 (sensitivity of 78%, p = .0171) and wheezing during exercise (specificity of 82%, p = .0002). FeNO negatively and significantly correlated with maximal fall in FEV1 post‐EVH test in atopic athletes (r = −.2735, p = .0056). Maximal fall in FEV1 was also associated with prior PM10 exposure (p = .036). Serum markers of epithelial damage were significantly associated with training type, training intensity, EIB severity, and prior air pollution exposure.ConclusionOur findings support the effectiveness of a systematic respiratory screening approach, including baseline questionnaires, lung function tests, and FeNO measurement, to improve EIB detection in adolescent athletes in whom respiratory response to EVH testing is associated with prior exposure to air pollution.
Awareness by degree
Authors: Silva Jr Paul , Siscoe Robert Weston 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDo factive mental states come in degrees? If so, what is their underlying structure, and what is their theoretical significance? Many have observed that ‘knows that’ is not a gradable verb and have taken this to be strong evidence that propositional knowledge does not come in degrees. This paper demonstrates that the adjective ‘aware that’ passes all the standard tests of gradability, and thus strongly motivates the idea that it refers to a factive mental state that comes in degrees. We will explore a range of structural questions that have been overlooked in regard to our awareness of facts, showing that the degreed structure of awareness has significant implications for our understanding of knowledge.
Characterization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) PvKSL1 as a levopimaradiene/abietadiene‐type diterpene synthase
Authors: Wyatt G. , Zerbe P. , Tiedge K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The diverse class of plant diterpenoid metabolites serves important functions in mediating growth, chemical defence, and ecological adaptation. In major monocot crops, such as maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), diterpenoids function as core components of biotic and abiotic stress resilience. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a perennial grass valued as a stress‐resilient biofuel model crop. Previously we identified an unusually large diterpene synthase family that produces both common and species‐specific diterpenoids, several of which accumulate in response to abiotic stress.
Here, we report discovery and functional characterization of a previously unrecognized monofunctional class I diterpene synthase (PvKSL1) via in vivo co‐expression assays with different copalyl pyrophosphate (CPP) isomers, structural and mutagenesis studies, as well as genomic and transcriptomic analyses.
In particular, PvKSL1 converts ent‐CPP into ent‐abietadiene, ent‐palustradiene, ent‐levopimaradiene, and ent‐neoabietadiene via a 13‐hydroxy‐8(14)‐ent‐abietene intermediate. Notably, although featuring a distinct ent‐stereochemistry, this product profile is near‐identical to bifunctional (+)‐levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthases occurring in conifer trees. PvKSL1 has three of four active site residues previously shown to control (+)‐levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase catalytic specificity. However, mutagenesis studies suggest a distinct catalytic mechanism in PvKSL1. Genome localization of PvKSL1 distant from other diterpene synthases, and its phylogenetic distinctiveness from known abietane‐forming diterpene synthases, support an independent evolution of PvKSL1 activity. Albeit at low levels, PvKSL1 gene expression predominantly in roots suggests a role of diterpenoid formation in belowground tissue.
Together, these findings expand the known chemical and functional space of diterpenoid metabolism in monocot crops.
Is the development of diversification in executive functioning universal? Longitudinal evidence from Ghana
Authors: Modrek Anahid S. , Wolf Sharon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe component structure of executive functioning (EF) has been shown to change across development. Empirical research examining this in Sub‐Saharan Africa is limited. We report the development of EF component structure with a large sample of Ghanaian children (n = 2,979) followed longitudinally from ages 3 through 12 across six waves. Existing literature suggests unitary models of EF (components loading onto a single factor) early in childhood, with development across childhood and into adolescence resulting in a more diversified EF model (components loading onto two‐ or three‐factors). To test these developmental differences, participants completed EF batteries that measured EF components: working memory, short‐term memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility/shifting. We employed confirmatory factor analysis to test factor models in 3‐ to 4‐year‐olds, 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds, 7‐ to 9‐year‐olds, and 10‐ to 12‐year‐olds. Contrary to existing literature, a two‐factor EF model best explained EF performance as early as 3–4 years of age. Findings suggest that diversification of EF components may emerge earlier in childhood than expected in some contexts, questioning the universality in the timing of unification and diversification of EF structure.
Trajectories of adolescents’ depressive symptoms surrounding the transition to vocational education
Authors: Visscher Anke H. , van Roekel Eeske , Bogaerts Stefan , Sijtsema Jelle J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough studies examined depressive symptoms across adolescence, the impact of school transitions is often neglected. This study examined trajectories of depressive symptoms surrounding the transition to vocational education. Additionally, it examined gender differences and co‐occurring trajectories of parental emotional support and adolescents’ self‐esteem. The sample comprised 840 adolescents and their parents (53% boys, 92% German, ageat_T1 = 16–19, average participation rate = 3.44). Adolescents reported trait items for depressive symptoms from the State‐Trait‐Depression Scale. Heterogeneous linear mixed models revealed four trajectories, with the majority exhibiting relatively stable low levels of depressive symptoms in two distinct trajectories. However, 10% experienced temporary increases, while another 10% experienced temporary decreases following the transition. Initial high levels of parental emotional support seemed to co‐occur with temporary decreases in depressive symptoms, whereas self‐esteem co‐occurred with low levels of depressive symptoms. Although school transitions may provide new opportunities and may induce stress, the transition to vocational education had little to no relation to self‐reported trait items of depressive symptoms in the present study. For those affected, self‐esteem and social support seem vital resources.
British perceptions of voter fraud and support for voter photo identification
Authors: Fogarty Brian J. , Pamphilis Niccole 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate potential determinants of voter fraud perceptions and support for voter photo identification laws among British voters.MethodsUsing data from an original nationally representative survey of British voters, we analyze how respondents’ partisanship, ideology, immigration views, and demographic factors influence perceptions of voter fraud and support for voter identification.FindingsThe analysis shows that respondents’ partisanship and immigration views are the primary factors in explaining voter fraud perceptions. Ideologically conservative respondents exhibit greater support for voter photo identification laws, irrespective of partisanship. Additionally, our results show that while men and women hold similar beliefs about the prevalence and impact of voter fraud, women are significantly less supportive of voter photo identification laws than men.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that political partisanship and immigration views play a crucial role in shaping perceptions of voter fraud and support for voter photo identification laws in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, gender differences also significantly influence support for these laws, with women being less supportive than men.
Independent Effects of Age, Education, Verbal Working Memory, Motor Speed of Processing, Locality, and Morphosyntactic Category on Verb‐Related Morphosyntactic Production: Evidence From Healthy Aging
Authors: Soilemezidi Marielena , Kubota Maki , Chrisikopoulou Marina , Fyndanis Valantis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of locality (a task/material‐related variable), demographic factors (age, education, and sex), cognitive capacities (verbal working memory [WM], verbal short‐term memory [STM], speed of processing [SOP], and inhibition), and morphosyntactic category (time reference and grammatical aspect) in verb‐related morphosyntactic production (VRMP). A sentence completion task tapping production of time reference and grammatical aspect in local and nonlocal configurations, and cognitive tasks measuring verbal WM capacity, verbal STM capacity, motor SOP, perceptual SOP, and inhibition were administered to 200 neurotypical Greek‐speaking participants, aged between 19 and 80 years. We fitted generalized linear mixed‐effects models and performed path analyses. Significant main effects of locality, age, education, verbal WM capacity, motor SOP, and morphosyntactic category emerged. Production of time reference and aspect did not interact with any of the significant factors (i.e., age, education, verbal WM capacity, motor SOP, and locality), and locality did not interact with any memory system. Path analyses revealed that the relationships between age and VRMP, and between education and VRMP were partly mediated by verbal WM; and the relationship between verbal WM and VRMP was partly mediated by perceptual SOP. Results suggest that subject‐, task/material‐ and morphosyntactic category‐specific factors determine accuracy performance on VRMP; and the effects of age, education, and verbal WM on VRMP are partly indirect. The fact that there was a significant main effect of verbal WM but not of verbal STM on accuracy performance in the VRMP task suggests that it is predominantly the processing component (and not the storage component) of verbal WM that supports VRMP. Lastly, we interpret the results as suggesting that VRMP is also supported by a procedural memory system whose efficiency might be reflected in years of formal education.
Treatment outcome of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects in brachycephalic dogs comparing Boxers and non‐Boxers: A retrospective multicenter study of 420 dogs
Authors: Gonçalves Catarina A. V. , Oliver James A. C. , Kafarnik Christiane , Garnett Kyle J. , Rushton James O. , Stravinskaitė Vida , Everson Richard , Tee Francesca , Escribano‐Bermejo Beatriz , Tzouganakis Ioannis , Lacerda Rodrigo P. , Pearce Isabelle , Fricker Georgina V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare characteristics and treatment outcomes of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) in brachycephalic non‐Boxers and Boxers. We hypothesized that brachycephalic non‐Boxers develop SCCEDs at a younger age and develop complications more frequently than Boxers.Animals StudiedRetrospective review of medical records of brachycephalic dogs treated for SCCEDs between January 2018 and December 2022 in multiple ophthalmology referral centers in the UK.ProcedureData recorded included breed, age, time of onset, treatment prior to referral, treatment at referral, time to heal, need for further procedures, and complications.ResultsA total of 464 SCCEDs in 420 dogs were included composed of 173 Boxers with 200 SCCEDs and 247 brachycephalic non‐Boxer dogs with 264 SCCEDs. Boxers were significantly older (median 8.2, range 4.5–12.7 years) than brachycephalic non‐Boxers (median 7.2, range 1.6–15.9 years) (p < .001). The first treatment (cotton‐tipped applicator [CTA] debridement, diamond burr debridement, superficial keratectomy, grid keratotomy, punctate keratotomy, or combinations of these) selected was significantly different between groups (p < .001). Healing, excluding cases addressed by CTA debridement, following the first procedure was significantly more successful in Boxers (p = .049). Excluding cases addressed by CTA debridement, 9.6% of SCCEDs in Boxers (20/200) and 13.4% (32/239) of non‐Boxers required more than one procedure. In the non‐Boxer group, 9.5% (25/264) developed complications, contrasting with 4% (8/200) in the Boxer group. Non‐Boxers were more likely to develop complications after the first treatment (p = .006).ConclusionNon‐Boxer brachycephalic dogs develop SCCEDs younger than Boxers. This study suggests SCCEDs in brachycephalic non‐Boxers may be less likely to heal following one mechanical treatment and are more likely to develop complications.
Initial treatment experience obtained with the real‐time predictive motion tracking radiotherapy platform Synchrony: A pilot study
Authors: Van Asselt Nathaniel , Christensen Neil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis pilot study presents initial experience obtained with a real‐time predictive motion tracking platform called Synchrony mounted on the Radixact radiotherapy device. Synchrony radiotherapy treatments were offered as an alternative to surgical excision for primary pulmonary carcinomas as well as in dogs in a suspected oligometastatic disease state. All dogs were treated with three fractions of 8 Gy. Six dogs with pulmonary targets were successfully treated, while we were unable to treat abdominal targets with implanted fiducials. Cranial targets showed minimal movement, while targets located adjacent to the diaphragm showed a large amplitude of movement. No acute or late clinically apparent side effects were noted in any of the dogs that received radiation therapy. A strong partial response with minimal pneumonitis was seen in follow‐up imaging of the one dog where imaging was available. Synchrony motion tracking will continue to be investigated for efficacy.
Stacking Ensemble Method to Predict the Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Nanomaterial-Coated Surface
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Ranawat Nagendra Singh , Mandal S. K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The boiling heat transfer coefficient is important information for designing thermal devices for effective thermal management. It is affected by several factors like surface roughness and wettability of the surface. So, it is necessary to create a model for the accurate prediction. This article aims to use the stacking ensemble method to predict the boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC). To improve the performance of the prediction of the stacking model, AdaBoost regression and Random Forest regression are chosen as the base learner, and meta estimator linear regression is selected. Datasets are generated from a pool boiling experiment of carbon nanotube and graphene oxide (CNT + GO)-coated surface. Results have depicted that the stacking method outperformed individual models. It is found that the accuracy of the stacking ensemble model is 99.1% efficient with mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.016, 0.0004, and 0.021, respectively.
Understanding Unsteady Vortex Structure and Shedding Frequency of Cylindrical Hole Film Cooling: Insights From Experimental and Numerical Approaches
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Hualiang , Yin Zhao , Gao Afei , Liu Yu , Xu Yujie , Chen Haisheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To enhance film cooling effectiveness and reduce mixing loss, it is imperative to understand the dynamics of the unsteady vortex system and its interaction with the mainstream flow. In this study, a comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted to assess the film cooling effectiveness of a flat-plate cylindrical hole, along with the structure of the vortex system and the frequency of vortex shedding. This was achieved using a variety of techniques including pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), particle image velocimetry (PIV), hot-wire anemometry, and dynamic pressure sensors. To complement the experimental findings, a detailed analysis of the evolution mechanisms of unsteady coherent vortices was performed using the detached eddy simulation (DES) numerical method. The findings of the study revealed that the Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) shear vortex patterns on the windward side undergo a transition from clockwise to counterclockwise rotation with increasing blowing ratios. Large-scale vortex sheds from the K–H shear vortices, ultimately evolving into the hairpin vortex in the downstream region. Additionally, the study proposed two evolution models for the vortex systems in the film cooling flow field at different blowing ratios and elucidated the evolution mechanisms of counter-rotating vortex pair (CRVP). The results of the spectral analysis revealed a notable discrepancy in the slopes of the eigenfrequencies, which could be attributed to variations in the evolution patterns of the vortex systems.
Effect of Machining-Induced Deformation and Grain Refinement on Microstructure Evolution in Hybrid Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Rashid Asif , Jeon Ji Ho , Boing Denis , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED) offers promise for large-scale metal component production, yet challenges persist in achieving consistent microstructure and mechanical properties. This paper investigates the effect of machining-induced deformation and grain refinement on microstructure evolution in mild steel structures printed using hybrid wire-arc DED, which integrates interlayer machining steps into the wire-arc DED process. The study demonstrates that machining with radiused-edge cutting tools induces fragmentation of ferritic/bainitic grains, leading to dispersed and refined grain colonies, that, when subjected to reheating and remelting cycles during subsequent layer depositions, lead to a more refined overall microstructure compared to the wire-arc DED process. Comparative analyses revealed a statistically significant 19.5% mean reduction in grain size and 8.5% increment in microhardness of the resulting hybrid wire-arc DED structure. The work points to interlayer machining as a promising strategy for in situ enhancement of the microstructure and mechanical properties in DED processes.