bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Problematic Smartphone Usage and Associated Physical and Mental Health Outcomes among College Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hada Rachna , Zainab Saleha , Shukla Umesh , Marwaha Nitin , Bansal Charu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The development of smartphones has caused a dramatic change in societies worldwide. It is one of the best tools that have integrated communication, education, and entertainment. Exploration of the connection between unbalanced use and different aspects of health will be evaluated such as addiction/problematic smartphone usage (PSU), social influences, and brain changes.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence and consequences of PSU on physical and mental health among college students of Bhopal city.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out as a pilot study among 50 college students who have been using smartphones. Self-reported questionnaire containing data related to the use of smartphone, and its impact on mental health had been collected by smartphone addiction scale-short version and generalized anxiety disorder-7.

Results:
The present study reported 66% of students were smartphone addicted (55% males, 46% females), and 46% of students were using smartphone more than 6 h per day. Seventy percent of students were using smartphone >5 years. In this study, 67% of addicted students were having anxiety. Sixty-one percent of addicted students were found in 25–30 years of age group which is higher than 18–24 years of age group (only 39% of students were addicted). Twenty-one percent of addicted students were having dry eye syndrome. Twenty-one percent of addicted students were found overweight and obese.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PSU was quite high among the college students and maximum students reported anxiety and dry eye syndrome. It is necessity of today’s era to develop awareness regarding PSU and its negative impact on physical as well as mental health.
Sahaj Vati in the Management of Obesity (Sthaulya): A Single-arm Clinical Trial
Authors: Yadav Kapil Deo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Obesity is the leading cause of death and disabilities around the world with burdens expected to increase and predict that the global economic impact will reach $4.32 trillion annually by 2035.

Aim and Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of Sahaj Vati in reduction of body weight and body mass index in obese persons.

Materials and Methods:

Sahaj Vati, herbomineral formulation, consists of Shilajeet and Guggul (Commiphora mukul), Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), and Agnimatha (Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn) is explored for the possible management of obesity. The study is a single arm with pre and post-test design, among the 44 patients screened, 30 patients meeting the criteria were enrolled in the study. Sahaj Vati was administered in 2 g/day in divided doses with water after meals for 3 months.

Result:
The study showed significant reduction in body mass (P < 0.001) and body mass index (P < 0.001), cholesterol (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P < 0.001) along with significant enhancement in high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Sahaja vati is effective in the reduction of body weight. The finding of the present study is encouraging and may have a beneficial role in obesity.
Evaluating and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Acute Pain Management in Older Adults with Dementia after Hip Fracture Surgery: Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Didvar Farzaneh , Ghaffari Fatemeh , Shamsalinia Abbas 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Even though nurses take various measures to decrease acute pain after surgery in older adults with dementia, it is unclear why most of them suffer from severe pain. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting acute pain management in older adults with dementia after hip fracture surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study used single-stage cluster and convenience sampling to select 330 nurses working in hospitals located in Western Mazandaran, Iran, in 2020. The demographic characteristic questionnaire and the Obstacles to Postoperative Pain Management in Dementia Scale (OPOPMDS) were used to collect data.

Results:
The study results confirmed the modified model. The second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated that the Critical Ratio (CR) for all three factors was more than 1.96, and the significance level was considered 0.05. Based on the values of standard coefficients, older people-related (β = 0.86, p < 0.001), system-related (β = 0.70, p < 0.001), and healthcare provider-related (β = 0.61, p < 0.001) factors had the highest impacts on the OPOPMD.

Conclusions:
The study results suggested that older adult-related factors had the most significant impact on the OPOPMD.
The Needs of Women Survivors of Rape: A Narrative Review
Authors: Asadi Leila , Noroozi Mahnaz , Mardani Fardin , Salimi Hajar , Jambarsang Sara 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Rape is a serious global problem linked to long-term physical health complications in women. Women survivors of rape have different needs, the identification of which ensures optimal services and improves their health conditions. This study aimed to explore the needs of women survivors of rape through a narrative review.

Materials and Methods:
This review was conducted by searching databases of ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane, PubMed, Scientific Information Database (SID), the Iranian Magazine Database (Magiran), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Iranian Medical Articles Database (IranMedex), and the Google Scholar engine. All English and Persian articles published from January 2000 to August 2022 were searched using the keywords rape, sexual assault, sexual violence, victim, survivor, demands, and needs. Two independent researchers conducted all steps of article extraction and review to avoid possible bias, and a third person reviewed the articles in the case of disagreement between the two researchers. The final related articles were selected and evaluated using a pre-prepared checklist.

Results:
Out of 112 articles, 26 articles were selected for final evaluation. The needs of women survivors of rape were divided into six categories, including sociocultural, educational, legal and judicial, psychological, spiritual and religious, and healthcare.

Conclusions:
Women survivors of rape need survivor-centered, culturally appropriate services, necessitating careful planning and policymaking to address health and judicial issues from different dimensions considering their real-world needs.
Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Measure Attitude toward Child Adoption: A Psychometric Process
Authors: Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Aminizadeh Shirin , Alidousti Katayoun , Dehghan Mahlegha , Ahmadi Atefeh 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Despite the mutual benefit of adoption, due to the adverse attitude related to the barriers perceived by the couples, some people are not interested in adoption. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure attitudes toward child adoption.

Materials and Methods:
This secondary analysis is part of a larger study on 178 infertile couples referring to the Afzalipour Infertility Center in Kerman, Iran. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed. The sampling was conducted using the convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was implemented using a mixed-method approach in three phases. Firstly, a pool was created. The second phase involved content validity. Lastly, construct validity was conducted.

Results:
The final version of the questionnaire with 20 questions had a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.70%. Six factors with eigenvalues of higher than 1.00 were extracted, which accounted for 52% of the total variance. These factors were “spiritual–psychological status of the new parents,” “psychological status of the adopted child,” “undesirable behaviors of others in the future,” “anxiety of the new parents,” “physical–behavioral characteristics of the adopted child,” and “socio-economic factors.” The model extracted from the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The 6-factor structure adequately fitted the data (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.047; X2/df = 1.393; p = 0.002.

Conclusions:
The internal consistency and construct validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. This instrument can be used in clinical and research practices.
The Effect of the Reproductive Health Self-Care Educational Booklet on the Self-Care Ability of Female University Students
Authors: AbdiShahshahani Mahshid , Hashemi Maryam , Kohan Shahnaz 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Reproductive health during youth is considered one of the pivotal aspects of sustainable development. In this regard, students are more exposed to reproductive health problems and risks. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the reproductive health self-care educational booklet on the self-care ability of female university students.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a quasiexperimental research in which a reproductive health self-care educational booklet designed based on needs assessment was provided to 75 newly admitted female university students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019 who were selected by quota sampling method from all faculties. Using a researcher-made questionnaire on reproductive health self-care ability (knowledge, attitude, practice), data were collected before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS version 20.

Results:
As the results showed, the mean score of self-care ability (F = 208.46, p < 0.001), knowledge (F = 130.88, p < 0.001), attitude (F = 76.09, p < 0.001), and practice (F = 89.76, p < 0.001) of the subjects immediately and 6 weeks after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention. However, no significant difference was observed in these scores, between immediately after and 6 weeks after the intervention.

Conclusions:
The results indicated that the designed self-care educational booklet led to a relatively constant promotion of the reproductive health self-care ability of female students. Thus, this booklet seems to be useful in meeting the educational needs of female students in various aspects of reproductive health.
Can postanesthetic cold sensibility test be used as a tool for the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars? – In vivo study
Authors: Kalantri Sarika Sunil , Shiraguppi Vijaykumar L , Deosarkar Bharat Anantrao 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
The goal of this investigation was to determine the efficiency of a postanesthetic cold test for the detection of pulpal anesthesia to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two participants who showed symptomatic irreversible pulpitis on the mandibular first molar, aged from 18 to 65 years, were given inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB), and subjective anesthetic symptoms were seen after 15 min and were finally assigned for studies. To determine the effectiveness of a postanesthetic cold test for the detection of pulpal anesthesia, the target tooth was separated and Endo-Frost was utilized to conduct a postanesthetic cold sensibility test and was compared to the gold standard test, painful or painless sensation during actual root canal therapy. Of 52 participants, 9 had a positive response to the postanesthetic cold test and 43 had a negative response; 10 responded positively to the gold standard test, whereas 42 gave negative results.

Results:
The postanesthetic cold sensibility test can diagnose the effectiveness of pulp anesthesia showing a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 97.62%, positive likelihood ratio of 33.6, negative likelihood ratio of 0.2, positive predictive value of 88.89%, negative predictive value of 95.35%, accuracy of 94.23%, and Youden’s index of 0.78.

Conclusions:
The postanesthetic cold sensibility test can be used as a tool for the efficiency of IANB before starting root canal therapy to minimize pain and anxiety in patients.
To compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-generation dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study
Authors: Gazal Shaista , Agrawal Shyam , Mathur Rachit , Sharma Deepak , Prajapati Hema , Kumar Prawal 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Bonding agents have developed from a multistep bonding process to simplification, i.e. self-etch and single bottle system.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the shear bond strength (BS) of sixth-, seventh, and eighth-generation dentin bonding agents.

Settings and Design:
This was an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Three sets of 75 permanent mandibular premolars that had been removed were chosen. A universal testing machine operating at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. examined the shear BS of the samples after they had been stored in deionized water for an entire day.

Statistical Analysis Used:
“One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test post hoc analysis” were used for statistically analyzing the data.

Results:
The sixth-generation group shear BS was noticeably stronger.

Conclusions:
The sixth-generation dentin bonding agent demonstrated the greatest mean shear BS to dentin because the solvent present had low concentration and low hydrophilicity, polymerization was more extensive, and dentin underlined underwent limited etching and demineralization over an extended period of time.
Volumetric change of calcium silicate-based repair materials in a simulated inflammatory environment: A micro-computed tomography study
Authors: Mendonça Giovanna da Cunha , Tavares Karina Ines Medina Carita , Santos-Junior Airton Oliveira , Torres Fernanda Ferrari Esteves , Pinto Jáder Camilo , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Tanomaru-Filho Mário 
Published: August 2024

Context:
An acidic hydrogen potential (pH) in an inflammatory condition in the periapical tissues may affect the properties of repair bioceramic cement.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH on the volumetric change of the ready-to-use bioceramic NeoPUTTY (NP) compared to the powder/liquid MTA Repair HP (MTAHP) after immersion in butyric acid (BA, pH 4.1) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.35).

Subjects and Methods:
Dentin tubes filled with NP or MTAHP were scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after 24 h. Then, the specimens were immersed in 1.5 mL of BA: NP/BA, MTAHP/BA or PBS: NP/PBS, MTAHP/PBS. After 7 days, new micro-CT scans were performed. The percentage of volumetric change (extremities and internal part) of the materials was assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:
ANOVA/Tukey and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed (α =0.05).

Results:
All materials showed a volumetric decrease after immersion in BA or PBS at the extremities in contact with the solutions. MTAHP/BA showed the highest volumetric loss. There was no difference in the volumetric change when the internal part of the materials was evaluated.

Conclusions:
An acid pH negatively affects the volumetric stability of MTAHP. Low values of volumetric change were demonstrated for NP in both immersion environments.
An in vitro assessment of the influence of dentinal pretreatment with chlorhexidine, nonthermal atmospheric plasma, chitosan, and proanthocyanidins on shear bond strength to composite
Authors: Kamal Shaik Afreen , Garlapati Roopadevi , Bolla Nagesh , Vemuri Sayesh , Banu Mayana Aameena , Suvarna Yandra Lakshmi 
Published: August 2024

Context:
Dentin biomodification has been emphasized as a means of improving the bond between composite resin and tooth surface, consequently enhancing its longevity.

Aim:
To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of dentin after pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% chitosan, nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), proanthocyanidins (5% pine bark ((PB) and 5% bromelain).

Settings and Design:
The study was designed as an in vitro investigation.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty extracted mandibular molars (n = 60) were gathered for this in vitro research. The teeth were decoronated to expose the dentinal surface. All samples have been etched with 37% phosphoric acid and then pretreated with respective dentin biomodifiers. Group I (control): No pretreatment was done, Group II: 2% CHX, Group III: NTAP, Group IV: 5% PB, Group V: 2% chitosan, Group VI: 5% bromelain. Specimens were evaluated for the SBS test, which was done under the instron universal machine at a speed of 1 mm/min after a bonding agent and composite build-up were applied.

Results:
While Group I had the lowest SBS (10.391.59Mpa), Group V had the highest SBS (30.111.53 Mpa). Pretreatment of the dentin enhanced the SBS of dentin to composite.

Conclusion:
When utilized after etching, dentin biomodification increased all experimental group’s bond strength in contrast to the control. The highest SBS values were recorded with 2% chitosan, followed by NTAP.
Comparision of interleukin-1β concentrations in posttreatment endodontic disease and other pulpal and periapical conditions – A clinical study
Authors: Jain Shivangi , Sundar Sathish , Haritha J. S. , Natanasabapathy Velmurugan 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
To evaluate interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations in periapical tissue fluid (PTF) in persistent apical periodontitis requiring endodontic retreatment and to compare the levels of IL-1β with chronic apical periodontitis, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP), normal pulpal, and periapical tissues.

Materials and Methods:
The patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into 4 groups based on the pulpal and periapical status: Posttreatment endodontic diseases (PTED): Teeth with PTED due to failed primary root canal treatment having periapical radiolucency. PNAP: Teeth requiring root canal treatment due to pulpal necrosis having periapical radiolucency. SIP: Teeth with symptoms of SIP with healthy periapical tissues). Intentional root canal treatment (IRCT): Teeth requiring IRCT (healthy pulp and periapical tissues). The access cavity was redefined and the preexisting filling was removed using H-files. The root canals were minimally enlarged followed by collection of PTF using paper points, in the case of group PTED. For groups PNAP, SIP, and IRCT, conventional access cavity preparation was done followed by enlargement of canals till 20, 0.02. PTF was collected using 15, 0.02 size absorbent points 2 mm beyond the apex. Levels of IL-1β was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
A statistically significant difference was seen in levels of IL-1β in all the groups. The highest concentration was seen in group PTED (85.07 ± 11.57 pg/mL) followed by group PNAP (37.60 ± 10.94 pg/mL), group SIP (8.40 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and the least was seen in group IRCT (3.47 ± 1.36 pg/mL).

Conclusion:
The levels of IL-1β were highest in PETD cases followed by PNAP, SIP, and IRCT. This indicates the severity of inflammation in PETD cases as compared to other endodontic diseases.
Influence of needle gauge on pain perception and use of obturators in achieving profound pulpal anesthesia – A double-blinded in vivo study
Authors: Rairam Surabhi , Belam Ambika , Ratnakar P. , Patil Veerendra , Kulkarni Sangeeta , Patil Supriya 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Achieving profound pupal anesthesia and pain management is key in endodontic practice. However, inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) does not always result in successful pulpal anesthesia, during symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and has a high failure rate between 35% and 45%. Intrapulpal (IP) injection has been found to have increased efficiency and pain. The study aims to find the pain perception of 26G and 31G and the use of obturators in improving the efficacy of IP anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis after the failure of IANB were recruited and divided into four groups to receive IP with Group I A: 26G with obturators, Group I B: 26G without obturators, Group IIA: 31G with obturators, and Group IIB: 31G without obturators. The pain was measured using the visual analog scale and the effectivity of anesthetic injection by the duration of action.

Results:
A 31G needle produced the least pain perception compared to the 26G needle during IP injection. A 31G with an obturator was the most efficient, acting in less than a minute and 26G without an obturator showed the least.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of this trial, it can be concluded that lesser gauge needles reduce pain perception during IP, and obturators achieve adequate back pressure.
A scanning electron microscope analysis on the effect of bleaching gel in combination with fluoro calcium phosphosilicate-based dentifrice on whitening of teeth and dentinal tubule occlusion – An in vitro study
Authors: Gowda R. Ananda , Ahmed Shadab , Yoganatha H. N. , Gowda M. C. Bharath , Joseph N. J. Meljo , Raju Roshin Maria 
Published: August 2024

Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate the use of 15% carbamide peroxide in combination with fluoro calcium phosphosilicate desensitizing dentifrice during bleaching to evaluate postoperative dentinal tubule occlusion.

Materials and Methods:
Premolars which were extracted and bleached using 15% carbamide peroxide with fluoro calcium phosphosilicate dentifrice were used in this investigation, and the shade change was assessed. They were subsequently divided into sections and examined with scanning electron microscope. The quantity of open tubules, fully obstructed as well as moderately obstructed tubules, was recorded for each specimen. The statistical analysis of shade changes was conducted using the paired t-test. The tubule numbers were statistically evaluated after being assigned a mean and standard deviation.

Results:
The mean values between test and control groups in completely blocked tubules are 81.370 ± 1.989 and 42.586 ± 11.316, respectively. In partially blocked tubules, the mean values were found to be 13.219 ± 1.747 and 32.264 ± 11.554, respectively. In open tubules, the mean values are 5.398 ± 1.260 and 25.149 ± 8.781. The mean values of shade comparison for test group and control group are 1.95 ± 2.78 and 3.40 ± 2.83, respectively.

Conclusions:
According to the findings of the study, dentinal tubules were blocked when fluoro calcium phosphosilicate dentifrice was administered with 15% carbamide peroxide, but the bleaching process was unaffected. The potential clinical advantage of using a single paste system for both bleaching and desensitizing was also emphasized.