bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WISSARD at Subglacial Lake Whillans, West Antarctica: scientific operations and initial observations
Authors: Tulaczyk Slawek , Mikucki Jill A. , Siegfried Matthew R. , Priscu John C. , Barcheck C. Grace , Beem Lucas H. , Behar Alberto , Burnett Justin , Christner Brent C. , Fisher Andrew T. , Fricker Helen A. , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Powell Ross D. , Rack Frank , Sampson Daniel , Scherer Reed P. , Schwartz Susan Y. ,   The Wissard Science Team
Published: June 2014

AbstractA clean hot-water drill was used to gain access to Subglacial Lake Whillans (SLW) in late January 2013 as part of the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project. Over 3 days, we deployed an array of scientific tools through the SLW borehole: a downhole camera, a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probe, a Niskin water sampler, an in situ filtration unit, three different sediment corers, a geothermal probe and a geophysical sensor string. Our observations confirm the existence of a subglacial water reservoir whose presence was previously inferred from satellite altimetry and surface geophysics. Subglacial water is about two orders of magnitude less saline than sea water (0.37–0.41 psu vs 35 psu) and two orders of magnitude more saline than pure drill meltwater (<0.002 psu). It reaches a minimum temperature of –0.55~C, consistent with depression of the freezing point by 7.019 MPa of water pressure. Subglacial water was turbid and remained turbid following filtration through 0.45 µm filters. The recovered sediment cores, which sampled down to 0.8 m below the lake bottom, contained a macroscopically structureless diamicton with shear strength between 2 and 6 kPa. Our main operational recommendation for future subglacial access through water-filled boreholes is to supply enough heat to the top of the borehole to keep it from freezing.
Development of microsatellites in Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae), an economically important Malaysian herb
Authors: Tnah Lee Hong , Lee Chai Ting , Lee Soon Leong , Ng Chin Hong , Ng Kevin Kit Siong 
Published: June 2014

• Premise of the study: The exploitation of Labisia pumila for commercial demand is gradually increasing. It is therefore important that conservation is prioritized to ensure sustainable utilization. We developed microsatellites for L. pumila var. alata and evaluated their polymorphism across var. alata, var. pumila, and var. lanceolata.• Methods and Results: Ten polymorphic microsatellites of L. pumila were developed using the magnetic bead hybridization selection approach. A total of 84, 48, and 66 alleles were observed in L. pumila var. alata, var. pumila, and var. lanceolata, respectively. The species is likely a tetraploid, with the majority of the loci exhibiting up to four alleles per individual.• Conclusions: This is the first report on the development of microsatellites in L. pumila. The microsatellites will provide a good basis for investigating the population genetics of the species and will serve as a useful tool for DNA profiling.
Characterization of 10 new nuclear microsatellite markers in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Klabunde Gustavo H. F. , Olkoski Denise , Vilperte Vinicius , Zucchi Maria I. , Nodari Rubens O. 
Published: June 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were identified and characterized in Acca sellowiana in order to expand the limited number of pre‐existing polymorphic markers for use in population genetic studies for conservation, phylogeography, breeding, and domestication.• Methods and Results: A total of 10 polymorphic microsatellite primers were designed from clones obtained from a simple sequence repeat (SSR)–enriched genomic library. The primers amplified di‐ and trinucleotide repeats with four to 27 alleles per locus. In all tested populations, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.269 to 1.0.• Conclusions: These new polymorphic SSR markers will allow future genetic studies to be denser, either for genetic structure characterization of natural populations or for studies involving genetic breeding and domestication process in A. sellowiana.
Croyance, idéologie, mythes. Quelques échanges Evelyn Granjon et Massimiliano Sommantico
Authors: Granjon Evelyn , Sommantico Massimiliano 
Published: June 2014

Les auteurs échangent et s’interrogent sur divers aspects des croyances, en les différenciant notamment des mythes et des idéologies. Ils abordent des questions théoriques aussi bien que cliniques concernant les rapports entre héritage transgénérationnel et croyance, en discutant de ce qui se passe dans le travail du « néo-groupe » thérapeutique et dans le travail du contretransfert. Des questions soulevées par les changements dans l’hypermodernité et les croyances dans le pouvoir absolu du corps sont posées.
Le conflit de croyances dans les psychés familiale et individuelle haïtiennes après le séisme du 12 janvier 2010
Authors: Derivois Daniel , Brolles Lisbeth , Ampidu Clorméus Lewis , Bonnaire Christelle 
Published: June 2014

Les catastrophes naturelles réactivent les croyances religieuses et culturelles dans la population sinistrée d’Haïti. C’est souvent l’occasion d’interroger l’au-delà en ce qu’il constitue une possibilité d’apaisement dans la quête de sens face aux traumatismes et à l’irreprésentable. À partir du cas d’une adolescente de 13 ans rencontrée en groupe et en entretien individuel dans le cadre d’une recherche sur la résilience suite au séisme du 12 janvier 2010 en Haïti, un conflit de croyances dans les psychés familiale et individuelle est mis en évidence. Ce conflit qui remonte aux origines de l’histoire d’Haïti permet notamment de discuter de la résilience des esprits dans la psyché collective haïtienne et de réfléchir sur les modalités d’un accompagnement thérapeutique.
Crucial Factors for the Acceptance of a Computerized National Medication List
Authors: Hoerbst A. , Duftschmid G. , Gall W. , Janzek-Hawlat S. , Jung M. , Woertz K. , Dorda W. , Ammenwerth E. , Hackl W.O. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryObjective: The objective of this paper is to present crucial factors among registered doctors and pharmacists for acceptance of the Austrian ’e-Medikation’ system which is aimed at providing, on a national level, complete and recent information on all the medication that were prescribed or dispensed to a patient.Methods: As the accompanying formative evaluation study of the pilot project showed different overall acceptance rates among participating physicians and pharmacists, a decision tree analysis of 30 standardized survey items was performed to identify crucial acceptance factors.Results: For the physicians’ group, only two items (fear of improper data use and satisfaction with software support) were crucial for overall e-Medikation acceptance. The analysis of the pharmacists’ data resulted in five crucial factors primarily focusing on functional aspects and the perceived benefits of e-Medikation.Conclusion: The results indicate that the acceptance among physicians and pharmacists depends on quite different factors. This must be taken into account during the planned rollout of e-Medikation or of comparable products.
Multifaulting in a tectonic syntaxis revealed by InSAR: The case of the Ziarat earthquake sequence (Pakistan)
Authors: Pinel‐Puysségur B. , Grandin R. , Bollinger L. , Baudry C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOn 28–29 October 2008, within 12 h, two similar Mw = 6.4 strike‐slip earthquakes struck Baluchistan (Pakistan), as part of a complex seismic sequence. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveal that the peak of surface displacement is near the Ziarat anticline, a large active fold affected by Quaternary strike‐slip faulting. All coseismic interferograms integrate the deformation due to both earthquakes. As their causative faults ruptured close to each other, the individual signals cannot be separated. According to their focal mechanisms, each earthquake may have activated a NE‐SW sinistral or a NW‐SE dextral fault segment, which leads to four possible scenarios of fault orientations. A nonlinear inversion of the InSAR data set allows rejecting two scenarios. The best slip distributions on the two fault segments for the two remaining scenarios are determined by linear inversion. Stress‐change modeling favors a scenario involving two abutting conjugate strike‐slip faults. Two other fault segments accommodated left‐lateral strike slip during the seismic sequence. The activated fault system includes multiple fault segments with different orientations and little surface expression. This may highlight, at a smaller scale, the distributed, possibly transient character of deformation within a broader right‐lateral shear zone. It suggests that the activated faults delineate a small tectonic block extruding and subtly rotating within the shear zone. It occurs in the vicinity of the local tectonic syntaxis where orogenic structures sharply turn around a vertical axis. These mechanisms could participate in the long‐term migration of active tectonic structures within this kinematically unstable tectonic syntaxis.
Sensitivity of seismic measurements to frequency‐dependent attenuation and upper mantle structure: An initial approach
Authors: Bellis C. , Holtzman B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study addresses the sensitivity of seismic attenuation measurements to dissipative mechanisms and structure in the Earth's upper mantle. The Andrade anelastic model fits experimental attenuation data with a mild power law frequency dependence and can be scaled from laboratory to Earth conditions. We incorporate this anelastic model into 400km 1‐D thermal profiles of the upper mantle. These continuous‐spectrum models are approximated by multiple relaxation mechanisms that are implemented within a finite‐difference scheme to perform wave propagation simulations in 1‐D domains. In two sets of numerical experiments, we evaluate the measurable signature of the intrinsic attenuation structure. The two sets are defined by thermal profiles with added step functions of temperature, varying in (i) amplitude and depth or (ii) amplitude and sharpness. The corresponding synthetic data are processed using both the conventional t* approach, i.e., a linear regression of the displacement frequency spectrum, and an alternative nonlinear fit to identify the integrated value of attenuation and its frequency dependence. The measured sensitivity patterns are analyzed to assess the effects of the anelastic model and its spatial distribution on seismic data (in the absence of scattering effects). We have two straightforward results: (1) the frequency dependence power law is recoverable from the measurements; (2) t* is sensitive to both the depth and the amplitude of the step, and it is insensitive to the sharpness of the step, in the 0.25 to 2 Hz band. There is much potential for gaining information about the upper mantle thermodynamic state from careful interpretation of attenuation.
Generation and detection of super small striations by F region HF heating
Authors: Najmi A. , Milikh G. , Secan J. , Chiang K. , Psiaki M. , Bernhardt P. , Briczinski S. , Siefring C. , Chang C.L. , Papadopoulos K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRecent theoretical models and preliminary observations indicate that super small striations (SSS) in the plasma density with scale size of 10 cm can be excited by F region HF heating at frequencies close to multiples of the electron gyrofrequency. We present here new experimental results using the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program ionospheric heater at a frequency close to the fourth electron gyroharmonic with simultaneous GPS, Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission, ionosonde, and occasional Incoherent Radar Scattering diagnostics. Differential phase measurements of GPS signals through the heated region indicated the presence of SSS with extremely high amplitude (δn/n = 0.2–0.3) at scale size comparable to the electron gyroradius. The highest amplitude of GPS scintillations coincide with the highest level of the Broad Upshifted Maximum (BUM) and occurred when the HF frequency is slightly above the fourth harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency. Frequency sweeps indicate that the scintillation amplitude exhibits hysteresis similar to that observed for the BUM amplitude when the HF frequency is cycled about the fourth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. The results favor a four wave parametric process as the physical mechanism of the SSS. Additional experiments allowed the determination of the excitation and decay rates of the SSS.
Steady contemporary deformation of the central Basin and Range Province, western United States
Authors: Hammond William C. , Blewitt Geoffrey , Kreemer Corné 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe use data from western U.S. GPS networks to estimate the rate, pattern, and style of tectonic deformation of the central Basin and Range Province (BRP). Previous geodetic investigations have found the crust of eastern Nevada and western Utah to act as a rigid microplate, with zero deformation rates to within measurement uncertainty. Observed transients in GPS time series have led others to propose a megadetachment model, predicting that the central BRP behaves as a microplate, but with time‐varying translation. Here we reassess these hypotheses, benefiting from a significant increase in GPS stations and time span, and innovations in analysis techniques. Our results show that the BRP crust deforms everywhere and all the time. In a group of 24 stations between longitude −113.5° and −116.8°, we find strain rates of 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−9 yr−1 extension directed N55°W and 2.2 ± 0.2 × 10−9 yr−1 contraction directed N35°E, inconsistent with microplate behavior. The linearity of time series of strain from GPS station triplets is inconsistent with episodic translation of quasi‐rigid domains. One exception is station EGAN that exhibits nonlinear motion not found in adjacent stations. The dominant signal in Nevada is distributed shear consistent with Pacific/North America relative plate motion, suggesting that stresses are transmitted through the lithosphere at least 800 km from the plate boundary. The observed active extension is consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms and is in agreement with integrated rates estimated from earthquake geology. Our results do not support the proposed megadetachment in the BRP.
Copper(I) Bromide‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Phenols, Alcohols and Amines using Sodium Cyanide as C1 Source: A Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Prasad Pragati K , Sudalai Arumugam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new “carbon monoxide‐free” synthesis of carboxylate derivatives via carbonylative coupling of aryl bromides with phenols, alcohols, amines and acids in the presence of copper(I) bromide as catalyst and sodium cyanide in a stoichiometric amount has been developed. Its intramolecular version provides for the preparation of lactones (e.g., isochroman‐1‐ones and isobenzfuranones), imides, anhydrides and lactams in excellent yields (73–96%).magnified image
Age and size at maturity in Indonesian women: A norm of reaction?
Authors: Sohn Kitae 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesWe test (McIntyre and Kacerosky's [2011]: Am J Hum Biol 23:305–312) prediction that the relationship between age at menarche and height switches from negative to positive, in a unidirectional and smooth manner, as the society industrializes. According to this prediction, a mid‐level industrial country should exhibit a weak relationship between the two variables.MethodsThe 8,013 observations are extracted from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, a nationally representative survey. Indonesia is an intermediate case that exists between the small‐scale agrarian societies and industrialized societies examined by McIntyre and Kacerosky. While age at menarche is a recalled and self‐reported variable, height is a measured one. The relationship is informally provided in a figure and formally estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS).ResultsThe informal finding clearly shows no relationship between age at menarche and height. The OLS results also agree that the relationship is very weak. Specifically, despite the large sample size, the relationship is not statistically significant in a linear manner, regardless of whether the outlier group (age at menarche 10) is included or excluded. Various robustness checks are performed to confirm this finding.ConclusionsOur results lend support to McIntyre and Kacerosky's explanation as to why the relationship between age at menarche and height switches from negative to positive as the society industrializes. Furthermore, our results imply that the model (the Day and Rowe model) and theory (life history theory) on which this explanation is based are plausible. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:713–715, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solvent‐Modulated Self‐Assembly of C3‐Symmetric Tris‐Urea into a Discrete Dimer and Supramolecular Gel
Authors: Shimazu Hideo , Yamanaka Masamichi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA C3‐Symmetric tris‐urea derivative self‐assembles into either a discrete dimer or a supramolecular gel via continuous assembly, depending on the solvent used. In the less polar CDCl3, the discrete dimer was selectively formed, whereas in the more polar acetonitrile and acetone, a supramolecular gel was obtained. Additionally, the gel‐sol phase transition of an acetonitrile gel of the tris‐urea derivative responds bidirectionally to chemical stimuli.
Exploring the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past through comparisons of archaeological and living populations
Authors: Vercellotti Giuseppe , Piperata Barbara A. , Agnew Amanda M. , Wilson Warren M. , Dufour Darna L. , Reina Julio C. , Boano Rosa , Justus Hedy M. , Larsen Clark Spencer , Stout Sam D. , Sciulli Paul W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAdult stature variation is commonly attributed to differential stress‐levels during development. However, due to selective mortality and heterogeneous frailty, a population's tall stature may be more indicative of high selective pressures than of positive life conditions. This article examines stature in a biocultural context and draws parallels between bioarchaeological and living populations to explore the multidimensionality of stature variation in the past. This study investigates: 1) stature differences between archaeological populations exposed to low or high stress (inferred from skeletal indicators); 2) similarities in growth retardation patterns between archaeological and living groups; and 3) the apportionment of variance in growth outcomes at the regional level in archaeological and living populations. Anatomical stature estimates were examined in relation to skeletal stress indicators (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia) in two medieval bioarchaeological populations. Stature and biocultural information were gathered for comparative living samples from South America. Results indicate 1) significant (P < 0.01) differences in stature between groups exposed to different levels of skeletal stress; 2) greater prevalence of stunting among living groups, with similar patterns in socially stratified archaeological and modern groups; and 3) a degree of regional variance in growth outcomes consistent with that observed for highly selected traits. The relationship between early stress and growth is confounded by several factors—including catch‐up growth, cultural buffering, and social inequality. The interpretations of early life conditions based on the relationship between stress and stature should be advanced with caution. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:229–242, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermophoresis in Nanoliter Droplets to Quantify Aptamer Binding
Authors: Seidel Susanne A. I. , Markwardt Niklas A. , Lanzmich Simon A. , Braun Dieter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBiomolecule interactions are central to pharmacology and diagnostics. These interactions can be quantified by thermophoresis, the directed molecule movement along a temperature gradient. It is sensitive to binding induced changes in size, charge, or conformation. Established capillary measurements require at least 0.5 μL per sample. We cut down sample consumption by a factor of 50, using 10 nL droplets produced with acoustic droplet robotics (Labcyte). Droplets were stabilized in an oil–surfactant mix and locally heated with an IR laser. Temperature increase, Marangoni flow, and concentration distribution were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and numerical simulation. In 10 nL droplets, we quantified AMP‐aptamer affinity, cooperativity, and buffer dependence. Miniaturization and the 1536‐well plate format make the method high‐throughput and automation friendly. This promotes innovative applications for diagnostic assays in human serum or label‐free drug discovery screening.
Asymmetric Cascade Reaction to Allylic Sulfonamides from Allylic Alcohols by Palladium(II)/Base‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Allylic Carbamates
Authors: Bauer Johannes Moritz , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA regio‐ and enantioselective tandem reaction is reported capable of directly transforming readily accessible achiral allylic alcohols into chiral sulfonyl‐protected allylic amines. The reaction is catalyzed by the cooperative action of a chiral ferrocene palladacycle and a tertiary amine base and combines high step‐economy with operational simplicity (e.g. no need for inert‐gas atmosphere or catalyst activation). Mechanistic studies support a PdII‐catalyzed [3,3] rearrangement of allylic carbamates—generated in situ from the allylic alcohol and an isocyanate—as the key step, which is followed by a decarboxylation.
Functionalization of a cyclo‐P5 Ligand by Main‐Group Element Nucleophiles
Authors: Mädl Eric , Butovskii Mikhail V. , Balázs Gábor , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Seidl Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnprecedented functionalized products with an η4‐P5 ring are obtained by the reaction of [Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)] (1; Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with different nucleophiles. With LiCH2SiMe3 and LiNMe2, the monoanionic products [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5CH2SiMe3)]− and [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5NMe2)]−, respectively, are formed. The reaction of 1 with NaNH2 leads to the formation of the trianionic compound [{Cp*Fe(η4‐P5)}2N]3−, whereas the reaction with LiPH2 yields [Cp*Fe(η4‐P5PH2)]− as the main product, with {[Cp*Fe(η4‐P5)]2PH}2− as a byproduct. The calculated energy profile of the reactions provides a rationale for the formation of the different products.
Mapping Multivalency and Differential Affinities within Large Intrinsically Disordered Protein Complexes with Segmental Motion Analysis
Authors: Milles Sigrid , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) can bind to multiple interaction partners. Numerous binding regions in the IDP that act in concert through complex cooperative effects facilitate such interactions, but complicate studying IDP complexes. To address this challenge we developed a combined fluorescence correlation and time‐resolved polarization spectroscopy approach to study the binding properties of the IDP nucleoporin153 (Nup153) to nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). The detection of segmental backbone mobility of Nup153 within the unperturbed complex provided a readout of local, region‐specific binding properties that are usually masked in measurements of the whole IDP. The binding affinities of functionally and structurally diverse NTRs to distinct regions of Nup153 can differ by orders of magnitudes—a result with implications for the diversity of transport routes in nucleocytoplasmic transport.