bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Field‐Manipulated Optical Chirality in Ferroelectric Vortex Domains
Authors: Han Haojie , Li Wei , Zhang Qinghua , Tang Shiyu , Wang Yue , Xu Zongqi , Liu Yiqun , Chen Hetian , Gu Jingkun , Wang Jing , Yi Di , Gu Lin , Huang Houbing , Nan Ce‐Wen , Li Qian , Ma Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractManipulating optical chirality via electric fields has garnered considerable attention in the realm of both fundamental physics and practical applications. Chiral ferroelectrics, characterized by their inherent optical chirality and switchable spontaneous polarization, are emerging as a promising platform for electronic‐photonic integrated circuits applications. Unlike organics with chiral carbon centers, integrating chirality into technologically mature inorganic ferroelectrics has posed a long‐standing challenge. Here, the successful introduction of chirality is reported into self‐assembly La‐doped BiFeO3 nanoislands, which exhibit ferroelectric vortex domains. By employing synergistic experimental techniques with piezoresponse force microscopy and nonlinear optical second‐harmonic generation probes, a clear correlation between chirality and polarization configuration within these ferroelectric nanoislands is established. Furthermore, the deterministic control of ferroelectric vortex domains and chirality is demonstrated by applying electric fields, enabling reversible and nonvolatile generation and elimination of optically chiral signals. These findings significantly expand the repertoire of field‐controllable chiral systems and lay the groundwork for the development of innovative ferroelectric optoelectronic devices.
Enabling Stable Operation of Lithium‐Ion Batteries under Fast‐Operating Conditions by Tuning the Electrolyte Chemistry
Authors: Cui Zehao , Liu Chen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInferior fast‐charging and low‐temperature performances remain a hurdle for lithium‐ion batteries. Overcoming this hurdle is extremely challenging primarily due to the low conductivity of commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based electrolytes and the formation of undesirable solid electrolyte interphases with poor Li+‐ion diffusion kinetics. Here, a series of EC‐free fast‐charging electrolytes (FCEs) by incorporating a fluorinated ester, methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA), as a special cosolvent into a practically viable LiPF6–dimethyl carbonate–fluoroethylene carbonate system, is reported. With a solvent‐dominated solvation structure, MTFA facilitates the formation of thin, yet robust, interphases on both the cathode and anode. Commercial 1 Ah graphite|LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 pouch cells filled with the FCE exhibit ≈80% capacity retention over 3000 cycles at 3 C and 4 C (15 min) charging rates in the full range of 0–100% state‐of‐charge. Moreover, even at a low operating temperature of −20 °C, the 1 Ah cell retains a high capacity of 0.65 Ah at a 2 C discharge rate and displays virtually no capacity fade on cycling at a C/5 rate. The work highlights the power of electrolyte design in achieving extra‐fast‐charging and low‐temperature performances.
Substrate Induced p–n Transition for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cui Zhengbo , Li Wen , Feng Bo , Li Yunfei , Guo Xuemin , Yuan Haobo , Weng Qiang , You Tengyi , Zhang Wenxiao , Li Xiaodong , Fang Junfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe p‐ or n‐type property of semiconductor materials directly determine the final performance of photoelectronic devices. Generally, perovskite deposited on p‐type substrate tends to be p‐type, while perovskite deposited on n‐type substrate tends to be n‐type. Motived by this, a substrate‐induced re‐growth strategy is reported to induce p‐ to n‐transition of perovskite surface in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). p‐type perovskite film is obtained and crystallized on p‐type substrate first. Then an n‐type ITO/SnO2 substrate with saturated perovskite solution is pressed onto the perovskite film and annealed to induce the secondary re‐growth of perovskite surface region. As a result, p‐ to n‐type transition happens and induces an extra junction at perovskite surface region, thus enhancing the built‐in potential and promoting carrier extraction in PSCs. Resulting inverted PSCs exhibit high efficiency of over 25% with good operational stability, retaining 90% of initial efficiency after maximum power point (MPP) tracking for 800 h at 65 °C with ISOS‐L‐2 protocol.
Improved Self‐Powered Photoresponse of ZnO Nanorods/SnS Nanosheets/PEDOT:PSS Heterostructure by Pyro‐Phototronic Effect
Authors: Ouyang Weixin , Geng Haoxuan , Wang Jianyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA ZnO nanorods/SnS nanosheets/PEDOT:PSS (ZSP) heterostructure is constructed by vapor growing a SnS nanosheets layer and spin‐coating a PEDOT:PSS layer onto ZnO nanorods arrays. By controlling the growth time of the ZnO nanorods, a series of ZSP heterojunction samples with various ZnO layer thicknesses are prepared. The formation of heterostructures contributed to the improved pyroelectric performance and fast response speed of these as‐prepared ZSP photodetectors (PDs). The thickness of the ZnO nanorod layer plays an important role in tuning the photoelectric performance of these PDs. For the optimized ZSP PD with an 800 nm thick ZnO layer, the pyroelectric effect improves its photocurrent by 137% at 365 nm and 0 V bias, and the ratio of the pyroelectric current to the photoelectric current reaches as high as 870% at 532 nm. This device also displays an ultra‐short rise/decay time of 0.64/0.95 ms at 405 nm. Moreover, the pyroelectric responses of these ZSP heterojunction PDs are further improved by increasing the light illumination frequency. These results demonstrate that the rational construction of novel heterojunctions and utilization of the pyroelectric effect holds great potential for fabricating high‐performance self‐powered PDs.
Aloe Vera‐Based Green and Sustainable Electrolyte for Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuksel Recep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) present significant promises for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, challenges such as the zinc (Zn) dendrite formation and parasitic side reactions during Zn plating‐stripping hinder their development. Herein, an aloe vera (AV)‐based green and sustainable electrolyte is formulated to increase the electrochemical stability of the ZIBs, reducing the free water molecules, and decreasing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn dendrite formation. The obtained results confirm that the AV‐based electrolyte enhances the electrochemical stability and boosts the performance of the ZIBs. The formulated AV‐based electrolyte in symmetrical Zn//Zn cells demonstrates an outstanding cycle life of 4500 h, significantly longer than the aqueous electrolytes for ZIBs. The quinone moiety of the AV‐based electrolytes provides higher specific capacities for VO2(D) and activated carbon cathodes in full devices. AV‐based green electrolytes allow the realization of sustainable and safe energy storage systems for next‐generation applications.
Canine Breast Carcinomas: Recent Advances in Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Rath Pritish , Jaiswal Chitra , Pal Debajyoti , Nandi Samit Kumar , Mandal Biman B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBreast cancer in canines is one of the leading causes of death globally due to client misinterpretation and improper diagnosis and treatment. In past centuries, the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma in dogs followed conventional techniques adopted from human oncology. However, with increasing demand and scientific advancements in the upcoming future, there is an emerging necessity to modernize the diagnostic and treatments in canine breast cancer (CBC) patients. This review explores recent advances in diagnostic techniques and novel therapeutic approaches such as adjuvant‐based targeted therapy, nanomaterial therapy, immune‐based therapy, adoptive cell therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virotherapy, and the use of noncoding RNAs in CBCs. In addition, the review discusses the healthcare policies aimed at improving diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy and future directions for translation from human oncology into veterinary oncology. By adopting these modern strategies, the quality of care can be significantly enhanced by translating them into practical applications with better outcomes and improved survival rates for canine patients.
Investigation of Back Surface Field Layer for High Efficiency Ultrathin In2S3 based CIGS Solar Cell
Authors: Robin Mohammad Sijanur Rahaman , Rahman Md. Mizanur 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA comprehensive study of a novel structure for In2S3 based CIGS solar cell has been observed. The effects of the absorber layer and temperature with various back surface field (BSF) layers (SnS/SnTe/MoTe2/GeTe) are analyzed with the SCAPS‐1D simulator. Performances of the ultrathin CIGS solar cell enhanced with the proposed structure of ZnO:Al/i‐ZnO/In2S3/CIGS/BSF/Mo and efficiency reached over 24% with 1000 nm CIGS absorber layer. The cell with SnS BSF layer has obtained 24.41% efficiency but shows less stability with temperature variation. On the other hand, the cell with MoTe2 BSF shows better stability at a higher temperature and reached an efficiency of 24.14%. Besides, the cell with SnTe BSF also suitable for ultrathin In2S3/CIGS, which results in an efficiency of 23.27%. However, the cell with GeTe BSF can give just over 18% efficiency, but it shows greater stability with temperature changes. This study highlights the potential of BSF layer in In2S3/CIGS solar cell enhancing the performance and stability of cells by reducing recombination losses. The incorporation of a 50 nm BSF layer allows further thinning of the absorber layer, reducing material consumption in the fabrication process without sacrificing overall efficiency.
Promoting Electroreduction of CO2 and NO3− to Urea via Tandem Catalysis of Zn Single Atoms and In2O3‐x
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Zhuohang , Chen Kai , Yang Xing , Zhang Hu , Liu Xijun , Chu Ke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrea electrosynthesis from co‐electrolysis of CO2 and NO3− (UECN) offers an innovative route for converting waste CO2/NO3− into valuable urea. Herein, Zn single atoms anchored on oxygen vacancy (OV)‐rich In2O3‐x (Zn1/In2O3‐x) are developed as a highly active and selective UECN catalyst, delivering the highest urea yield rate of 41.6 mmol h−1 g−1 and urea‐Faradaic efficiency of 55.8% at −0.7 V in flow cell, superior to most previously reported UECN catalysts. In situ spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations unveil the synergy of In/Zn1 sites and OVs in promoting the UECN process via a tandem catalysis mechanism, where Zn1‐OV site activates NO3− to form *NH2 while In‐OV site activates CO2 to form *CO. The formed *CO spontaneously migrates from the In‐OV site to the nearby Zn1‐OV site and then couples with *NH2 to generate *CONH2 which is ultimately converted into urea.
Carbon neutral energy systems: Optimal integration of energy systems with CO2 abatement pathways
Authors: Lameh Mohammad , Linke Patrick , Al‐Mohannadi Dhabia M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReducing emissions requires transitioning towards decarbonized systems through avoiding, processing, or offsetting. Decisions on system design are associated with high costs which can be reduced at the planning stage through optimization. The temporal variations in power demand and renewable energy supply significantly impact the design of a low‐emissions energy system. Effective decision‐making must consider such impact in a comprehensive framework that accounts for the potential synergies between different options. This work presents a mixed integer linear programming model that considers the impacts of energy supply and demand dynamics to optimize the design and operation of an integrated energy system while adhering to a set emissions limit. The model integrates renewable power with CO2 capture, utilization, and sequestration by considering H2 production and storage. The case study showed including negative emissions technologies and CO2 capture and processing with renewable energy allows achieving net zero emissions power.
Hyperaccumulation of nickel but not selenium drives floral microbiome differentiation: A study with six species of Brassicaceae
Authors: Cullen Nevin P. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseIntraspecific variation in flower microbiome composition can mediate pollination and reproduction, and so understanding the community assembly processes driving this variation is critical. Yet the relative importance of trait‐based host filtering and dispersal in shaping among‐species variation in floral microbiomes remains unknown.MethodsWithin two clades of Brassicaceae, we compared diversity and composition of floral microbiomes in natural populations of focal nickel and selenium hyperaccumulator species and two of their non‐accumulating relatives. We assessed the relative strengths of floral elemental composition, plant phylogenetic distance (host filtering), and geography (dispersal) in driving floral microbiome composition.ResultsSpecies in the nickel hyperaccumulator clade had strongly divergent floral microbiomes, the most of that variation driven by floral elemental composition, followed by geographic distance between plant populations and, lastly, phylogenetic distance. Conversely, within the selenium hyperaccumulator clade, floral microbiome divergence was much lower among the species and elemental composition, geography, and plant phylogeny were far weaker determinants of microbiome variation.ConclusionsOur results show that the strength of elemental hyperaccumulation's effect on floral microbiomes differs substantially among plant clades, possibly due to variation in elements as selective filters or in long‐distance dispersal probability in different habitats.
Silane‐Mediated Alkylation of Arenes via Reductive Friedel‐Crafts Reaction Using Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Khan Jabir , Mahato Rina , Kanhaiya  , Kumar Hazra Chinmoy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA metal‐free one‐pot synthesis route has been documented for the production of 1,1‐unsymmetrical di‐aryl alkanes via reductive Friedel−Crafts alkylation of arenes with carbonyl compounds in 1,1,1,3,3,3,–hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent. This approach exhibits a wide substrate scope accommodating diverse functionalities. The transformation of carbonyl compounds into alkylated products is facilitated by dimethylchlorosilane (Me2SiClH) reduction, succeeded via nucleophilic attack of arenes. The established protocol demonstrates a promising strategy for converting indoline‐2,3‐dione into α‐aryl oxindoles with high yields. The reaction involves reduction with Me2SiClH, followed by the attack of arenes in the presence of a TfOH catalyst. The devised protocol offers scalability and remarkable tolerance towards various functional groups. Control experiments provide insights into the reaction mechanism, highlighting the crucial roles of HFIP and Me2SiClH. Furthermore, the method is adaptable for late‐stage functionalization of numerous natural products and pharmaceuticals such as Sesamol, Thymol, Paracetamol, Menthol, and Nerol. Significantly, the technique has proven effective in efficiently synthesising the anticoagulant drug Phenprocoumon and the rodent control agent Coumatetralyl.
Regional variation in diagnostic intensity of dementia among older U.S. adults: An observational study
Authors: Bynum Julie P. W. , Benloucif Slim , Martindale Jonathan , O'Malley A. James , Davis Matthew A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGeographic variation in diagnosed cases of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) could be due to underlying population risk or differences in intensity of new case identification. Areas with low ADRD diagnostic intensity could be targeted for additional surveillance efforts.METHODSMedicare claims were used for a cohort of older adults across hospital referral regions (HRRs). ADRD‐specific regional diagnosis intensity was measured as the ratio of expected new ADRD cases (estimated using population demographics, risk factors, and practice intensity) compared to observed ADRD‐diagnosed cases.RESULTSCrude new ADRD diagnosis rate ranged from 1.7 to 5.4 per 100 across HRRs. ADRD‐specific diagnosis intensity ranged from 0.69 to 1.47 and varied most for Black, Hispanic, and the youngest (66–74) subgroups. Across all subgroups, ADRD diagnosis intensity was associated with 2‐fold difference in receiving an ADRD diagnosis.DISCUSSIONWhere one resides influences the likelihood of receiving an ADRD diagnosis, particularly among those 66–74 years of age and minoritized groups.Highlights
Rate of new Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) case identification varies geographically across the United States.
Variation in case identification is greatest in Black, Hispanic, and young‐old groups.
Intensity of diagnosis (ie, case identification) unrelated to population risk differs across place.
Likelihood of receiving an ADRD diagnosis varies 2‐fold based on place of residence.
Ergodic Concepts for a Self‐Organizing Trivalent Spin Network: A Path to (2+1)$(2+1)$‐D Black Hole Entropy
Authors: Cordula Dantas Christine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFrom a dynamical systems point of view, a trivalent spin network model in Loop Quantum Gravity is considered, which presents self‐organized criticality (SOC), arising from a spin propagation dynamics. A partition function is obtained for the domains of stability connecting gauge non‐invariant avalanches, leading to an entropy formula for the asymptotic SOC state. The microscopic origin of this SOC entropy is therefore given by the excitation‐relaxation spin dynamics in the avalanche cycle. The puncturing of trivalent spin networks (TSN) edges participating in the avalanche are counted in terms of an ensemble perimeter over the implicit avalanches. By identifying this perimeter with that of an isolated ‐D black hole horizon, it is conjectured that the SOC entropy reduces to the Bekenstein‐Hawking perimeter‐entropy law for the Bañados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, by an appropriate adjustment of a potential function based on the thermodynamical formalism of Sinai, Ruelle, and Bowen.
Diaminonaphthalene Boronic Acid (DANBA): New Approach for Peroxynitrite Sensing Site
Authors: Gong Jiankang , Wang Xiaoyu , Wu Jiao , Yoon Changyu , Kim Yujin , Zou Jingwen , Mao Zhiqiang , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSelective detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is vital for studying their role in brain diseases. Fluorescence probes can distinguish ONOO− species from other ROS; however, their selectivity toward ONOO− species depends on the ONOO− recognition group. Aryl‐boronic acids and esters, which are common ONOO− recognition groups, are not selective for ONOO− over H2O2. In this study, we developed a diaminonaphthalene (DAN)‐protected boronic acid as a new ONOO− recognition group that selectively reacts with ONOO− over H2O2 and other ROS. Three DAN‐protected boronic acid (DANBA)‐based fluorophores that emit fluorescence over visible to near‐infrared (NIR) regions, Cou‐BN, BVP‐BN, and HDM‐BN, and their aryl‐boronic acid‐based counterparts (Cou‐BO, BVP‐BO, and HDM‐BO), were developed. The DANBA‐based probes exhibited enhanced selectivity toward ONOO− over that of their control group, as well as universality in solution assays and in vitro experiments with PC12 cells. The NIR‐emissive HDM‐BN was optimized to delineate in vivo ONOO− levels in mouse brains with Parkinson's disease. This DAN‐protected boronic acid belongs to a new generation of recognition groups for developing ONOO− probes, and this strategy could be extended to other common hydroxyl‐containing dyes to detect ONOO− levels in complex biological systems and processes.
Navigating Ball Mill Specifications for Theory‐to‐Practice Reproducibility in Mechanochemistry
Authors: Jafter Orein F. , Lee Sol , Park Jongseong , Cabanetos Clément , Lungerich Dominik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rising prospects of mechanochemically assisted syntheses hold promise for both academia and industry, yet they face challenges in understanding and, therefore, anticipating respective reaction kinetics. Particularly, dependencies based on variations in milling equipment remain little understood and globally overlooked. This study aims to address this issue by identifying critical parameters through kinematic models, facilitating the reproducibility of mechanochemical reactions across the most prominent mills in laboratory settings, namely planetary and mixer mills. Through a series of selected experiments replicating major classes of organic, organometallic, transition metal‐catalyzed, and inorganic reactions from literature, we rationalize the independence of kinematic parameters on reaction kinetics when the accumulated energy criterion is met. As a step forward and to facilitate the practicability of our findings, we provide a freely accessible online tool[†] that allows the calculation of respective energy parameters for different planetary and mixer mills. Our work advances the current understanding of mechanochemistry and lays the foundation for future rational exploration in this rapidly evolving field.
Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Fullerene‐Based Hole Transport Molecule
Authors: Luo Jiefeng , Zhang Hui , Sun Chao , Hou Enlong , Wang Xin , Guo Sai , Chen Jingfu , Cheng Shuo , Chen Shanshan , Zhao Xinjing , Xie Liqiang , Meng Lingyi , Tian Chengbo , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDesigning an efficient modification molecule to mitigate non‐radiative recombination at the NiOx/perovskite interface and improve perovskite quality represents a challenging yet crucial endeavor for achieving high‐performance inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we synthesized a novel fullerene‐based hole transport molecule, designated as FHTM, by integrating C60 with 12 carbazole‐based moieties, and applied it as a modification molecule at the NiOx/perovskite interface. The in situ self‐doping effect, triggered by electron transfer between carbazole‐based moiety and C60 within the FHTM molecule, along with the extended π conjugated moiety of carbazole groups, significantly enhances FHTM's hole mobility. Coupled with optimized energy level alignment and enhanced interface interactions, the FHTM significantly enhances hole extraction and transport in corresponding devices. Additionally, the introduced FHTM efficiently promotes homogeneous nucleation of perovskite, resulting in high‐quality perovskite films. These combined improvements led to the FHTM‐based PSCs yielding a champion efficiency of 25.58 % (Certified: 25.04 %), notably surpassing that of the control device (20.91 %). Furthermore, the unencapsulated device maintained 93 % of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of maximum power point tracking under continuous one‐sun illumination. This study highlights the potential of functionalized fullerenes as hole transport materials, opening up new avenues for their application in the field of PSCs.