bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Successful Approach to Developing Digital Oilfield Opportunities
Authors: Wiemers Suzan , Kocian Eric , Wright Andrew , Stewart Steven 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A successful approach to developing digital oilfield opportunities in asset management for specific production sites has been achieved with early engagement of asset leaders and cross-discipline engineering and operations work forces that directly benefit from enabling new capabilities. After workflow limitations are summarized, vetted and prioritized, a vision for technology-enabled improved asset performance is developed based on identified opportunities. An execution plan is agreed upon and a multi-discipline steering team comprised of members from the production unit, the asset team and digital technology advisors stewards the effort to ensure a satisfactory deliverable.
Critical success factors to ensure digital technologies are embedded and sustained include: 1) supportive leadership, 2) targeted review of asset business drivers and technical engagement practices, 3) comprehensive change management plan for work transformation and new behaviors, 4) robust user support model, and 5) process for identification and capture of key performance indicators, including benefits reported by users. Successful results of this ‘targeted business case approach’ are shared with other production sites to enable quick-wins for other assets. Learnings from each implementation experience are assessed and used to improve deployment at the next site and achieve a strategic global deployment model.
This paper will examine digital technology implementations where business leaders were engaged to improve targeted business cases for improved asset surveillance. Benefits, challenges and learnings from experiences to develop digital oilfield opportunities will be highlighted.
Reservoir Simulations in a High Performance Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Eldred Morgan Edward , Orangi Abdollah , Al-Emadi Ahmed Abubakr , Ahmad Asma Aboubakr , O"Reilly Thomas James , Barghouti Nedal 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
High Performance Cloud Computing (HPCC), which is mature in many industries, is not a new technology, but rather a new method of delivering two resource components of storage capacity and computational power. Within the upstream area of the oil and gas industry, Cloud Computing is very immature, as the industry as a whole has always been challenged by storage and computational capability. However, there is recent evidence to consider using HPCC due to the promise of several benefits, such as flexibility, accessibility and cost reduction (pay-per-use). HPCC can be categorised into private, public or a hybrid model.
Scenario-based modeling, the probabilistic approach for uncertainty analysis, risk quantification for existing brown field reservoirs and new perspective green field reservoirs all require a significant amount of computational power and storage capabilities. HPCC may create an opportunity for small to mid-size upstream companies that do not want to invest in infrastructure needed for evaluating scientific applications.
In this paper a pilot project was commenced, where Amazon Web Services was used as a public HPCC, with an industry standard reservoir simulation software, known as Eclipse has been used. Multiple simulation cases have been launched to the cloud while transferring large amounts of data between simulated offices. The project involved designing and developing a secure lean agile technology model, which was software vendor agnostic. It was believed that this would drive efficiencies and reliability by being able to dynamically scale up or down computing clusters depending on needs.
This paper presents the finding of the project and presents a recommended development methodology for creating both tactical and strategic roadmaps for leveraging trends in HPCC to further unlock potential in the industry by driving innovation and business value.
"Smart Decision Making Needs Automated Analysis" Making Sense out of Big Data in Real-Time
Authors: Crockett Brian , Kurrey Kshitiz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Problem Statement
Due to the availability of large quantities of real-time data, many operators are faced with the challenge of extracting meaningful information from it. In many cases, analysis of the data, the updating of models for Wells, Reservoirs and Facilities requires human intervention. When WRFM teams do not have analysed information, there are delays in the decision making to process required for optimisation.

Objectives
To demonstrate how auto analysis can reduce time consuming and repetitive tasks of comparing real time data with operating envelopes. Exception based applications and the updating of multiple operating envelopes and models without human intervention, enables the analyst to concentrate on anomalies and opportunities to optimise. The constant visualisation of analysed information should assist the decision making process.

Method

Results

Conclusions
The analysing of data by automated methods means that all wells and facilities are under surveillance and updated models are available for production system optimisation. Analysts have more information and time to focus on critical issues rather than mundane tasks.

Applications
This approach can be used for wells, reservoirs and facilities surveillance and model updates.

Innovations

Significance of Subject Matter
This demonstrates how very large amounts of data can be analysed and translated into meaningful information for managers to take key decisions.
Reducing Production Deferrals from Rotating Equipment Using a Standardised Approach across Multiple Assets
Authors: Hickey Greg , Gamblin Bryan , Hocking Paul , Grange Brett 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In 2005, BP realised that the upstream operating business, with many assets, needed a set of standardised tools and processes for managing rotating equipment deferrals. As part of the Field of the Future programme, the Equipment Run Time Tracker (ERTT) was developed to automate the gathering of availability and reliability information which are the key performance indicators for rotating equipment. Where poor reliability is identified, other tools and methods including condition monitoring are used to understand the root cause of poor performance and fix the problem.
This technology is applied across the segment to all types of surface facilities wherever rotating equipment is in use. This includes onshore, offshore, oil or gas producers and every geographical location. The solution is standardised, as is the deployment process to cover the whole range of upstream operations.
This paper describes how automated reliability monitoring has been applied at scale across multiple assets as the first step in the management of production deferrals. It describes the BP Field of theFuture programme’s experience of the development and delivery of Equipment Run Time Tracker, which has become the standard platform for monitoring reliability in a growing footprint of over 30 assets. Poor performers have been identified using the tool, along with instances of poor operation and control regimes. There are also examples where equipment has been moved to a condition based maintenance regime.
Equipment Runtime Time Tracker is a significant development for the digital oilfield because it is a standardised solution for automatically capturing availability and reliability information across multiple assets at scale. As production deferrals are a major source of lost business value in oilfield operations and rotating equipment is a key source of these deferrals in the upstream oil business, addressing this problem at scale in a cost effective way is a strong driver of business value.
Getting More Value of Your Production Data by Using Datamart
Authors: Pedersen Lars Petter , Tran Tram T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Great diversity and number of data sources represents real challenges to every organization, when trying to combine these sources into one common, optimized and streamlined source supporting specific business needs.
In Statoil our challenge was to manage data from a multitude of production data sources from operated fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf effectively; retrieving and structuring these data in a format that not only makes sense to the different production/exploration teams and departments, but also for other usage within and outside the organization. A project was initiated to create one common and shared data source, which would provide all users with the same type of data for day-to-day production and exploration activities. The goal of this project is to improve data availability, efficient management of data, security and access to data, present in a streamlined manner to both end users and other clients with similar data needs, thus protecting end users from any underlying IT systems changes in the future.
This was accomplished by harmonizing the hundreds of views from multiple data sources; developed partitioned tables and procedures shared through a common interface.
The result is a solution that provides enhanced security for the various data sources; improved efficiency; a best practice case as it extracts intrinsic value to the organization as a whole and a seamless access to data when required.
Enabling Best Work Practices With Electronic Procedures
Authors: Molin Arthur , Kortenkamp David , Schreckenghost Debra , Bell Scott , Kusy Kevin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
To transform work practices, it is necessary to clearly communicate the best practices to the work force, and to track actual performance to enable review and training. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed protocols for following best practices in its Manned Space Flight program by developing detailed standard operating procedures. NASA has recently completed a transition from a paper-based procedure infrastructure to an electronic procedure infrastructure.
NASA uses procedures to define tasks and communicate those tasks to the astronauts and flight controllers who perform them. These procedures are used to train and to perform work on the space vehicles that NASA operates. Procedures are written to define tasks of all kinds, from dealing with emergency conditions to flushing the zero-gravity toilet. Through the Shuttle program these procedures were written and distributed as paper documents, but recently NASA has transitioned to providing these procedures as electronic documents.
Electronic procedures have a number of definite advantages over paper procedures. By delivering the procedures on hand- held devices, the procedures are available at the point where work is being performed; paper documents are often left on a shelf somewhere. The electronic documents can be searched more easily than paper documents, facilitating maintenance of the procedures in the face of changing systems. The electronic procedures can be updated and the updates transmitted to the work force in real time; this is particularly important when work is performed in remote locations where it is difficult to deliver updates to paper documents.
By providing the procedures as electronic documents a number of new features can be provided. Displays can merge the procedures with data from the system being operated. Hazard conditions can be highlighted. Interaction with procedures can be logged, making it possible to reconstruct how the procedure was executed after the fact. Finally, performance of the procedures can be monitored for compliance and improved training. The authors have participated on a series of NASA projects to create and deploy technologies to enable electronic procedures, and we see them as transformative technologies for creating and sustaining changes in the way work is performed.
Remote Operations for Drilling Services in Deepwater Environments: An Industry Breakthrough
Authors: Menezes Ana Leticia , Kolomiets Alexander , Toco Leonardo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The remote drilling operations concept has been widely utilized and executed around the world on high volume, land-based jobs. Applying the same concept in the offshore environment has largely been avoided because of job complexity and high operational cost; in this environment, even a small failure could lead to substantial consequences. Ironically, however, offshore environments have bigger issues than are encountered in land-based operations with regard to personnel availability, significant logistical challenges and related risks, the burden of rig space to accommodate workers, and many other constraints and challenges and which could be alleviated by implementing remote operations concepts. Brazil is at the forefront of deepwater oil exploration and has been facing new challenges in developing discoveries much farther from traditional offshore areas, providing many opportunities for streamlining operations through innovation. After achieving a sustainable stage in real-time drilling projects through remote monitoring, modeling, and optimizing processes on deepwater operations, it was decided to take a further step and conduct a feasibility review for advancing efforts in remote drilling operations in these deepwater environments. The project was approved by the operator to be executed on specific development wells for activities such as measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tool programming, acquisition system configuration, prejob quality checks, recorded mode data processing, and daily reporting. The remote operations project began with a "shadow job" to test the process of combining and aligning the resources in terms of people, processes, reliable communications infrastructure, and remote control technologies. Following the success of the shadow job, the remote operations center performed 12 bit runs with different services provided on 6 different platforms. Importantly, there was not a single hour of NPT caused by remote operations during entire project.
Instituting Data Quality Into a Real-Time Decision Support Infrastructure
Authors: Tjostheim Sigurd , Andresen Per Arild 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In several of the past SPE conferences, as well as other forums there has been a call for dialog around data quality and the value it would bring to the drilling operations community for understanding the validity of real time data. This paper continues those conversations with a discussion into some of the basic mechanisms that can be employed to understand the quality of data received in real-time. It will expand on the ideas around how this can be implemented generically in a real- time operational support system and the benefits of such a system that can be deployed regardless of the process or naming conventions used by at the original point of acquisition. This paper will explore some of the available ways to monitor and measure the quality of real-time data as well as the practical value of understanding each of these measurement’s validity. It will also touch on a few of the benefits that the end-consumers will see in having a standardized mechanism of determining the quality of the data they are using in calculations, monitoring and reporting. This road to data quality however has several limitations when only using open standards such as WITSML, therefore we will explore the options that are available as well as a few of the practical limitations imposed by these standards.
Table That Table: Intuitive Dashboard Design for Oil and Gas
Authors: Stiffel Zoltan , Beach Jaynee , Arntzen Jarl Frode 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the Oil & Gas industry, tables and spreadsheets are the software user interface (UI) norm that has persisted beyond its value. Although users ranging from field engineers to geologists to physicists typically use spreadsheets on a day to day basis, the advent of social media and mobile devices has evolved the presentation of large amounts of data in a visual manner. The table has become cumbersome and tedious in contrast.
Dashboards are visual displays that are usually a combination of text and graphics with an emphasis on graphics. The reason being graphical representation, handled expertly, can often communicate with greater efficiency and richer meaning (Few, 2006). To benefit the user it should display the most important high-level information in order to complete the task or task(s) at hand.
Presenting data visually from day-to-day well operations in a simple-to-consume format provides customer value, technical value and business value. Why bury data in columns and rows when graphs and charts would convey the same information visually? Users have already embraced the mobile UI (think iPad, Android tablet) in every day use, which has shortened the adoption rate of a typical user in this industry. They are already accustomed to gathering information they need quickly and efficiently, in scannable, at-a-glance data. The value gains that have already been realized in the use of ordinary applications are opportunities waiting to be realized in the use of data presentation from well operations.
However, implementing this kind of user experience can be challenging and will take some convincing. Attitudes tend to fall within the "but we have always done it that way" mentality. The intent of this paper is to cover the challenges of user experience engineering as it pertains to Oil & Gas software and the possibility of shared UI concepts between the consumer-driven UIs from mobile and social media applications.
Integrated Operation Collaboration Technologies - Remaining Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sarshar S. , Rindahl G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Integrated Operation (IO) in the petroleum industry has for many years included distributed collaboration as a key support capability. The technologies used to enable distributed collaboration, e.g. between onshore and offshore, have evolved from phone calls and teleconference to video conferencing rooms, to desktop solutions and lately towards more mobile solutions. The authors report on observations over the last five years from five petroleum companies operating on the Norwegian Continental Shelf of how technology solutions both enable and sometimes hamper collaboration in an IO setting.
The study includes both structured observations of meetings and work sessions where collaboration between distributed locations is required and findings from industry projects for development of collaboration environments or IO training. A general setting in which collaboration technologies are used is presented. Then different solutions are talked through with focus on technology aspects such as usefulness, usability and literacy. Observations with examples from the industry are given on the solutions used for collaboration and information sharing. These include lessons learned with respect to how well they support the agenda and purpose of the collaboration session as well as the organizational workflow.
Technology can support IO to different degrees. Technologies developed with a different purpose can be tweaked to fit, technology may have been developed or selected to support IO, and in some cases, technology choices may induce or enforce a desired IO work practice. The authors identified several areas where the focus on technology solutions appears not yet adequate; the technology still does not support the work flows as intended. Some challenges observed in 2008 are still valid while new challenges and opportunities have arisen as IO has moved from being a new concept into "the way we operate around here". The results from these observations can help to focus the attention on collaboration technologies towards supporting the work flow (rather than forcing it upon the organisation). In many cases, the result of inadequate strategies has been added constraints rather than enabling solutions.
Pattern Recognition and Data-Driven Analytics for Fast and Accurate Replication of Complex Numerical Reservoir Models at the Grid Block Level
Authors: Amini S. , Mohaghegh S. D. , Gaskari R. , Bromhal G. S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Reservoir simulation models are used extensively to model complex physics associated with fluid flow in porous media. Such models are usually large with high computational cost. The size and computational footprint of these models make it impractical to perform comprehensive studies which involve thousands of simulation runs. Uncertainty analysis associated with the geological model and field development planning are good examples of such studies.
In order to address this problem, efforts have been made to develop proxy models which can be used as a substitute for a complex reservoir simulation model in order to reproduce the outputs of the reservoir models in short periods of time (seconds).
In this study, by using artificial intelligence techniques a Grid-Based Surrogate Reservoir Model (SRMG) is developed. Grid- based SRM is a replica of the complex reservoir simulation models that is trained, calibrated and validated to accurately reproduce grid block level results. This technology is applied to a CO2 sequestration project in Australia.
This paper presents the development of the reservoir simulation model and the Grid-based SRM. The SRM is able to generate pressure and gas saturation at the grid block level. The results demonstrate that this technique is capable of generating the reservoir simulation output very accurately within seconds.
Overcoming the Technology Barrier - Experience and lessons learned from deploying a chemical management system into multiple operating assets
Authors: Grange Brett , Sutton Rob , Richardson Dave 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Delivery of new technology on assets with already established work practices can face many challenges and even fail for various reasons. The Chemical Management System, delivered by BP’s Field of the Future programme, is designed to help manage and monitor chemical injection systems to ensure the efficient delivery of operations and integrity based chemicals. As part of this technology, a cross-regional prototype trial program was implemented which faced a number of challenges around the successful embedding and sustained usage of this new solution.
This study, which came from the delivery of the trial program, highlights some of the main challenges and barriers that are seen with the delivery of new technology. Running the trial program across two operating assets in different regions helped to ensure that sustained global delivery of the technology was achievable. The range of challenges and lessons learned covered in the scope of this paper run from difficulties faced with embedding new work flows, through to the actual physical software implementation.
The field trial highlighted a number of areas of improvement, lessons learned and success stories. These became key recommendations for enhancing future technology trials and are included in this paper. Once the recommendations were identified, processes were then put in place which has helped the success of this technology when delivered globally across BP’s asset base. Through applying these lessons and the recommendations to future technology programmes, we can ensure the continued success of technology within BP and our industry. This will deliver long-term sustainable technology which can generate the expected value throughout the technology lifecycle.