bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stockholm experience: interhospital transports on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Broman L. Mikael , Holzgraefe Bernhard , Palmér Kenneth , Frenckner Björn 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
In severe respiratory and/or circulatory failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be a lifesaving procedure. Specialized departments provide ECMO, and these patients often have to be transferred for treatment. Conventional transportation is hazardous, and deaths have been described. Only a few centers have performed more than 100 ECMO transports. To date, our mobile ECMO teams have performed more than 700 transports with patients on ECMO since 1996. We describe 4 consecutive years (2010–2013) of 322 national and international ECMO transports and report adverse events.

Methods
Data were retrieved from our local databases. Neonatal, pediatric and adult patients were transported, predominantly with refractory severe respiratory failure.

Results
The patients were cannulated in 282 of the transports, and ECMO was started in these patients at the referring hospital and then they were transported to our ECMO intensive care unit. In 40 cases, the patient was already on ECMO. Of the transports, 60 % were by aircraft, and the distances varied from 6.9 to 13,447 km. In about 27.3 % of the transports, adverse events occurred. Of these, the most common were either patient-related (22 %) or equipment-related (5.3 %). No deaths occurred during transport, and transferred patients exhibited the same mortality rate as in-hospital patients.

Conclusions
Long- and short-distance interhospital transports on ECMO can be safely performed. A myriad of complications can occur, but the mortality risk is very low. The staff involved should be highly competent in intensive care, ECMO physiology and physics, cannulation, intensive care transport and air transport medicine. They should also be skilled in recognition of risk factors involved in these patients.
Unraveling the potential co-contributions of cerebral small vessel vasculopathy to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Ramirez Joel , Black Sandra E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEmerging evidence for the potential co-contributions of small vessel vasculopathy to dementia has resulted in a more nuanced view of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Although cerebral small vessel disease, visualized on magnetic resonance imaging as hyperintense signal abnormalities, independently predicts the incidence and clinical progression of dementia, the relationships between AD pathology, white matter hyperintensity volume, genotype, and cognitive decline in AD remain unclear. The study by Morgen and colleagues, recently published in Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, presents important new findings on the associations between apolipoprotien E ε4 genotype, white matter hyperintensities, and cognition, independent of vascular risk, in a cohort of AD patients.
Immunomodulation in host-protective immune response against murine tuberculosis through regulation of the T regulatory cell function
Authors: Das Shibali , Halder Kuntal , Goswami Avranil , Chowdhury Bidisha Paul , Pal Nishith K , Majumdar Subrata 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is characterized by an infection in lung and spleen. In the present study, we have elucidated the mechanism by which Mycobacterium indicus pranii renders protection in in vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We observed that Mycobacterium indicus pranii treated infected C57BL/6 mice showed a strong host-protective Th1 immune response along with a marked decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines, TGF-β, and IL-10-secreting CD4+ T cells. This Mycobacterium indicus pranii mediated decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines was correlated with the reduction in the elevated frequency of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, along with the reduced TGF-β production from these T regulatory cells in tuberculosis-infected mice. This reduction in the T regulatory cell population was a result of effective modulation of STAT4–STAT5 transcription factor counter-regulation by Mycobacterium indicus pranii, which in turn, reduced the immunosuppressive activity of T regulatory cells. Thus, these findings put forward a detailed mechanistic insight into Mycobacterium indicus pranii mediated regulation of the T regulatory cell functioning during experimental murine tuberculosis, which might be helpful in combating Mycobacterium-induced pathogenesis.
Tuberculous pleurisy drives marked effector responses of γδ, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subpopulations in humans
Authors: Zeng Jincheng , Song Zeqing , Cai Xiaozhen , Huang Su , Wang Wandang , Zhu Yanfen , Huang Yinan , Kong Bin , Xiang Wenyu , Lin Dongzi , Liu Ganbin , Zhang Junai , Chen Crystal Y , Shen Hongbo , Huang Dan , Shen Ling , Yi Lailong , Xu Junfa , Chen Zheng W 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although tuberculous pleurisy (TP) presumably involves a hypersensitivity reaction, there is limited evidence indicating overreactive effector responses of γδ T cells and αβ T cells and their interrelation with Foxp3+ Tregs in pleural and other compartments. We found that TP induced reciprocal representations of Foxp3+ Tregs and Mtb phosphoantigen-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in different anatomic compartments. Patients with TP exhibited appreciable numbers of “proliferating” Ki-67+ Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in the airway where Foxp3+ Tregs were not dominant, whereas striking increases in Foxp3+ Tregs in the blood and pleural compartments coincided with low frequencies of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Interestingly, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy control of Mtb infection in patients with TP reversed reciprocal representations of Foxp3+ Tregs and proliferating Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Surprisingly, despite high-level Foxp3+ Tregs, TP appeared to drive overreactive responses of IFN-γ-producing Vγ2Vδ2, CD4+CD25+, and CD8+CD25+ T effector subpopulations, whereas IL-22-producing Vγ2Vδ2 T cells increased subtly. Th1 effector responses were sustained despite remarkable declines in Foxp3+ Tregs at 1 mo after the treatment. Overreactive T effector responses of Mtb-reactive γδ T cells, αβ CD25+CD4+, and CD25+CD8+ T cell subpopulations appear to be immune features for TP. Increased Foxp3+ Tregs might be responsive to overreactive TP but unable to influence T effector responses despite having an inverse relation with proliferating Vγ2Vδ2 T cells.
Suicide by people in a community justice pathway: Population-based nested case–control study
Authors: King Carlene , Senior Jane , Webb Roger T. , Millar Tim , Piper Mary , Pearsall Alison , Humber Naomi , Appleby Louis , Shaw Jenny 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe elevated risk of suicide in prison and after release is a well-recognised and serious problem. Despite this, evidence concerning community-based offenders' suicide risk is sparse. We conducted a population-based nested case–control study of all people in a community justice pathway in England and Wales. Our data show 13% of general population suicides were in community justice pathways before death. Suicide risks were highest among individuals receiving police cautions, and those having recent, or impending prosecution for sexual offences. Findings have implications for the training and practice of clinicians identifying and assessing suicidality, and offering support to those at elevated risk.
The Drosophila Pericentrin-like-protein (PLP) cooperates with Cnn to maintain the integrity of the outer PCM
Authors: Richens Jennifer H. , Barros Teresa P. , Lucas Eliana P. , Peel Nina , Pinto David Miguel Susano , Wainman Alan , Raff Jordan W. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Centrosomes comprise a pair of centrioles surrounded by a matrix of pericentriolar material (PCM). In vertebrate cells, Pericentrin plays an important part in mitotic PCM assembly, but the Drosophila Pericentrin-like protein (PLP) appears to have a more minor role in mitotic fly cells. Here we investigate the function of PLP during the rapid mitotic cycles of the early Drosophila embryo. Unexpectedly, we find that PLP is specifically enriched in the outer-most regions of the PCM, where it largely co-localizes with the PCM scaffold protein Cnn. In the absence of PLP the outer PCM appears to be structurally weakened, and it rapidly disperses along the centrosomal microtubules (MTs). As a result, centrosomal MTs are subtly disorganized in embryos lacking PLP, although mitosis is largely unperturbed and these embryos develop and hatch at near-normal rates. Y2H analysis reveals that PLP can potentially form multiple interactions with itself and with the PCM recruiting proteins Asl, Spd-2 and Cnn. A deletion analysis suggests that PLP participates in a complex network of interactions that ultimately help to strengthen the PCM.
On the Effectiveness of Patenting Strategies in Innovation Races
Authors: Mihm Jürgen , Sting Fabian J. , Wang Tan 
Published: July 2015

Which, if any, of a firm’s inventions should it patent? Should it patent at all? Many companies engaged in an innovation race seek a patenting strategy that balances protection of their intellectual property against the knowledge spillovers resulting from disclosure requirements. Not much is known about factors that determine the patenting strategy best able to resolve this trade-off. Although scholars in various management, economics, and engineering disciplines have researched patents and patenting regimes, little work has addressed the normative issues that pertain to forming an appropriate firm-level patenting strategy. We develop an inventory of real-life patenting strategies and integrate them into a coherent framework. Our simulation model characterizes the optimal patenting choices for different environmental and firm-level contingencies while capturing the dynamics between competing firms. We identify the firm’s research and development strategy as the most salient determinant of its optimal patenting strategy. Our research contributes to establishing a contingency theory of patenting strategies.This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Relaxations of Approximate Linear Programs for the Real Option Management of Commodity Storage
Authors: Nadarajah Selvaprabu , Margot François , Secomandi Nicola 
Published: July 2015

The real option management of commodity conversion assets gives rise to intractable Markov decision processes (MDPs), in part because of the use of high-dimensional models of commodity forward curve evolution, as commonly done in practice. Focusing on commodity storage, we identify a deficiency of approximate linear programming (ALP), which we address by developing a novel approach to derive relaxations of approximate linear programs. We apply our approach to obtain a class of tractable ALP relaxations, also subsuming an existing method. We provide theoretical support for the use of these ALP relaxations rather than their associated approximate linear programs. Applied to existing natural gas storage instances, our ALP relaxations significantly outperform their corresponding approximate linear programs. Our best ALP relaxation is both near optimal and competitive with, albeit slower than, state-of-the-art methods for computing heuristic policies and lower bounds on the value of commodity storage, but is more directly applicable for dual (upper) bound estimation than these methods. Our approach is potentially relevant for the approximate solution of MDPs that arise in the real option management of other commodity conversion assets, as well as the valuation of real and financial options that depend on forward curve dynamics. This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.
Coercion, consent and the struggle for social media
Authors: Healey Kevin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Looking beyond celebrants and sceptics of social media, Kevin Healey taps the potential that exists to develop social media platforms, ethical codes and regulatory policies that support democratic values and institutions. This requires rejecting the capitalist ideology that drives debates about consumer privacy, industry regulation, and national security. He puts forward a commons-based approach to argue that democratic media must have elements independent from both state and corporate institutions. This framework views media in terms of public goods. Today, governments may have to subsidize networks that have become necessary. Expanding ‘the digital commons’ also requires universal principles that enable corporations, governments, activists, journalists and the public to assess changes in digital media. Pursuing the metaphor of social media as a coffeehouse requires a collective ­struggle. Social media ethics cannot be reduced to personal conduct, but must question the technologies, legal frameworks and organizational structures that constitute the networked environment within which citizens pursue their personal, social and political goals in order to achieve a mature social media environment that is both ethically responsive and economically sustainable.
Asking (new) media questions: Thinking beyond the Twitter revolution
Authors: Brunner Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article argues for a turn to more post-structuralist approaches to new media studies. By reviewing the existing literature on the role of new media in social movements, I contend that binaristic frames are still constraining new media studies. After elaborating upon the scholarship dealing with the use of Twitter in social movements like the Arab Spring, I examine how a turn to more post-structuralist approaches can aid in understanding new media within a complex system. Although the post-structuralist turn in communication is largely responsible for opening up the space that new media studies now inhabit, post-structuralism is largely abandoned upon entering this terrain. This piece calls for a return to post-structuralist methods to trace the role of new media across platforms using scholars such as Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Bruno Latour.
Illuminated architecture: The influence of manuscripts on the Palatine Chapel
Authors: Grillo Michael 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
While Mediaeval manuscripts have long been acknowledged as a means of conveying architectural designs across Europe, their role as active intermediaries shaping the symbolic language of spaces merits much closer attention. The design of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen clearly draws from San Vitale in Ravenna, but the chapel’s use of columns within the span of its upper-most arches stands out as a rather startling combination. This article argues that these distinctive features that encode a unique imperial programme specific to the needs of the Carolingians could only have suggested themselves through the intermediation of abstracted architectural frameworks in Eusebean Tables and Evangelist Portraits in illuminated manuscripts.
GFP Loss-of-Function Mutations inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fu Jason L , Kanno Tatsuo , Liang Shih-Chieh , Matzke Antonius J M , Matzke Marjori 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) and related fluorescent proteins are widely used in biological research to monitor gene expression and protein localization in living cells. The GFP chromophore is generated spontaneously in the presence of oxygen by a multi-step reaction involving cyclization of the internal tripeptide Ser65 (or Thr65)-Tyr66-Gly67, which is embedded in the center of an 11-stranded β-barrel structure. Random and site-specific mutagenesis has been used to optimize GFP fluorescence and create derivatives with novel properties. However, loss-of-function mutations that would aid in understanding GFP protein folding and chromophore formation have not been fully cataloged. Here we report a collection of ethyl methansulfonate–induced GFP loss-of-function mutations in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutations that alter residues important for chromophore maturation, such as Arg96 and Ser205, greatly reduce or extinguish fluorescence without dramatically altering GFP protein accumulation. By contrast, other loss-of-fluorescence mutations substantially diminish the amount of GFP protein, suggesting that they compromise protein stability. Many mutations in this category generate substitutions of highly conserved glycine residues, including the following: Gly67 in the chromogenic tripeptide; Gly31, Gly33, and Gly35 in the second β-strand; and Gly20, Gly91, and Gly127 in the lids of the β-barrel scaffold. Our genetic analysis supports conclusions from structural and biochemical studies and demonstrates a critical role for multiple, highly conserved glycine residues in GFP protein stability.
SWEEP: A Tool for Filtering High-Quality SNPs in Polyploid Crops
Authors: Clevenger Josh P , Ozias-Akins Peggy 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
High-throughput next-generation sequence-based genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection opens the door for emerging genomics-based breeding strategies such as genome-wide association analysis and genomic selection. In polyploids, SNP detection is confounded by a highly similar homeologous sequence where a polymorphism between subgenomes must be differentiated from a SNP. We have developed and implemented a novel tool called SWEEP: Sliding Window Extraction of Explicit Polymorphisms. SWEEP uses subgenome polymorphism haplotypes as contrast to identify true SNPs between genotypes. The tool is a single command script that calls a series of modules based on user-defined options and takes sorted/indexed bam files or vcf files as input. Filtering options are highly flexible and include filtering based on sequence depth, alternate allele ratio, and SNP quality on top of the SWEEP filtering procedure. Using real and simulated data we show that SWEEP outperforms current SNP filtering methods for polyploids. SWEEP can be used for high-quality SNP discovery in polyploid crops.
Enrichment of H3K9me2 on Unsynapsed Chromatin inCaenorhabditis elegansDoes Not Targetde NovoSites
Authors: Guo Yiqing , Yang Bing , Li Yini , Xu Xia , Maine Eleanor M 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany organisms alter the chromatin state of unsynapsed chromosomes during meiotic prophase, a phenomenon hypothesized to function in maintaining germline integrity. In Caenorhabditis elegans, histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) is detected by immunolabeling as enriched on unsynapsed meiotic chromosomes. Loss of the SET domain protein, MET-2, greatly reduces H3K9me2 abundance and results in germline mortality. Here, we used him-8 mutations to disable X chromosome synapsis and performed a combination of molecular assays to map the sites of H3K9me2 accumulation, evaluate H3K9me2 abundance in germline vs. whole animals, and evaluate the impact of H3K9me2 loss on the germline transcriptome. Our data indicate that H3K9me2 is elevated broadly across the X chromosome and at defined X chromosomal sites in him-8 adults compared with controls. H3K9me2 levels are also elevated to a lesser degree at sites on synapsed chromosomes in him-8 adults compared with controls. These results suggest that MET-2 activity is elevated in him-8 mutants generally as well as targeted preferentially to the unsynapsed X. Abundance of H3K9me2 and other histone H3 modifications is low in germline chromatin compared with whole animals, which may facilitate genome reprogramming during gametogenesis. Loss of H3K9me2 has a subtle impact on the him-8 germline transcriptome, suggesting H3K9me2 may not be a major regulator of developmental gene expression in C. elegans. We hypothesize H3K9me2 may have a structural function critical for germline immortality, and a greater abundance of these marks may be required when a chromosome does not synapse.
Whole-Exome Sequencing and Targeted Copy Number Analysis in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Marshall Christian R , Scherer Stephen W , Zariwala Maimoona A , Lau Lynette , Paton Tara A , Stockley Tracy , Jobling Rebekah K , Ray Peter N , Knowles Michael R ,   FORGE Canada Consortium, Hall David A , Dell Sharon D , Kim Raymond H 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from loss of normal ciliary function. Symptoms include neonatal respiratory distress, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus, and infertility. Clinical features may be subtle and highly variable, making the diagnosis of PCD challenging. The diagnosis can be confirmed with ciliary ultrastructure analysis and/or molecular genetic testing of 32 PCD-associated genes. However, because of this genetic heterogeneity, comprehensive molecular genetic testing is not considered the standard of care, and the most efficient molecular approach has yet to be elucidated. Here, we propose a cost-effective and time-efficient molecular genetic algorithm to solve cases of PCD. We conducted targeted copy number variation (CNV) analysis and/or whole-exome sequencing on 20 families (22 patients) from a subset of 45 families (52 patients) with a clinical diagnosis of PCD who did not have a molecular genetic diagnosis after Sanger sequencing of 12 PCD-associated genes. This combined molecular genetic approach led to the identification of 4 of 20 (20%) families with clinically significant CNVs and 7 of 20 (35%) families with biallelic pathogenic mutations in recently identified PCD genes, resulting in an increased molecular genetic diagnostic rate of 55% (11/20). In patients with a clinical diagnosis of PCD, whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted CNV analysis results in an overall molecular genetic yield of 76% (34/45).
DIVERTÍCULO DE ZENKER Femenina 54 años
Authors: Rodríguez Mena Denisse , Ayi Wong José Alberto 
Published: July 2015

<p>El divertículo de Zenker es una entidad poco frecuente. Se presenta predominantemente en pacientes masculinos, y tiene como síntomas principales: disfagia, regurgitación alimentaria, halitosis, broncoaspiración y sepsis respiratorias. Su localización es por lo general del lado izquierdo del esófago y su tratamiento definitivo es quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina, joven, con sintomatología esofágica, quien se diagnostica con divertículo de Zenker, de localización posterior, a la cual se le realiza diverticulectomía con miomectomía como tratamiento quirúrgico, con resolución completa de los síntomas y excelente recuperación.</p>
Hipertiroidismo y Psicosis en Pediatría: Reporte de Caso
Authors: Cavallo Aita Fred , Mendoza Alfaro Gustavo , Roldán Abellán Berny 
Published: July 2015

<p>La enfermedad de Graves es un desorden autoinmune que constituye la principal causa de hipertiroidismo en niños; usualmente se manifiesta con bocio difuso, signos de oftalmopatía bilateral y la alteración bioquímica en las pruebas de función tiroidea. En ocasiones, los síntomas iniciales se presentan con manifestaciones psiquiátricas, lo que llega a ser un reto en el diagnóstico diferencial, ya sea del trastorno tiroideo primario o un trastorno psiquiátrico. Debido a la poca frecuencia con que esta manifestación de la enfermedad de graves se presenta en pediatría se expone aquí el caso de hipertiroidismo y psicosis aguda en un paciente pediátrico.</p>
Lacaziosis: Micosis cutánea profunda, reporte de un caso
Authors: Riggioni Víquez Silvia , Díaz Araya Silvia 
Published: July 2015

<p>La lacaziosis es una rara micosis cutánea y subcutánea, de evolución crónica, ocasionada por el hongo profundo Lacazia loboi. Ha sido descrita principalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales.Clínicamente se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas de aspecto queloideano y progresión lenta. La enfermedad se presenta más frecuentemente en adultos varones que desempeñan actividades laborales en el campo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 68 años, agricultor, con una dermatosis crónica localizada en el miembro superior derecho, caracterizada por una neoformación compuesta por múltiples lesiones nodulares de aspecto queloideano con una lesión satélite proximal. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue compatible con una lacaziosis</p>