bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical analysis of three tennis serve types using a markerless system
Authors: Abrams Geoffrey D , Harris Alex HS , Andriacchi Thomas P , Safran Marc R 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe tennis serve is commonly associated with musculoskeletal injury. Advanced players are able to hit multiple serve types with different types of spin. No investigation has characterised the kinematics of all three serve types for the upper extremity and back.MethodsSeven NCAA Division I male tennis players performed three successful flat, kick and slice serves. Serves were recorded using an eight camera markerless motion capture system. Laser scanning was utilised to accurately collect body dimensions and data were computed using inverse kinematic methods.ResultsThere was no significant difference in maximum back extension angle for the flat, kick or slice serves. The kick serve had a higher force magnitude at the back than the flat and slice as well as larger posteriorly directed shoulder forces. The flat serve had significantly greater maximum shoulder internal rotation velocity versus the slice serve. Force and torque magnitudes at the elbow and wrist were not significantly different between the serves.ConclusionsThe kick serve places higher physical demands on the back and shoulder while the slice serve demonstrated lower overall kinetic forces. This information may have injury prevention and rehabilitation implications.
Impact of accelerometer wear time on physical activity data: a NHANES semisimulation data approach
Authors: Herrmann Stephen D , Barreira Tiago V , Kang Minsoo , Ainsworth Barbara E 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundCurrent research practice employs wide-ranging accelerometer wear time criteria to identify a valid day of physical activity (PA) measurement.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of varying amounts of daily accelerometer wear time on PA data.MethodsA total of 1000 days of accelerometer data from 1000 participants (age=38.7±14.3 years; body mass index=28.2±6.7 kg/m2) were selected from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study data set. A reference data set was created using 200 random days with 14 h/day of wear time. Four additional samples of 200 days were randomly selected with a wear time of 10, 11, 12 and 13 h/day1. These data sets were used in day-to-day comparison to create four semisimulation data sets (10, 11, 12, 13 h/day) from the reference data set. Differences in step count and time spent in inactivity (<100 cts/min), light (100–1951 cts/min), moderate (1952–5724 cts/min) and vigorous (≥5725 cts/min) intensity PA were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and absolute percent error (APE).ResultsThere were significant differences for moderate intensity PA between the reference data set and semisimulation data sets of 10 and 11 h/day. Differences were observed in 10–13 h/day1for inactivity and light intensity PA, and 10–12 h/day for steps (all p values <0.05). APE increased with shorter wear time (13 h/day=3.9–14.1%; 12 h/day=9.9–15.2%, 11 h/day=17.1–35.5%; 10 h/day=24.6–40.3%).DiscussionThese data suggest that using accelerometer wear time criteria of 12 h/day or less may underestimate step count and time spent in various PA levels.
Registration in a quality register: a method to improve end-of-life care—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Martinsson Lisa , Fürst Carl Johan , Lundström Staffan , Nathanaelsson Lena , Axelsson Bertil 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesStructured methods to assess and support improvement in the quality of end-of-life care are lacking and need to be developed. This need is particularly high outside the specialised palliative care. This study examines whether participation in a national quality register increased the quality of end-of-life care.DesignThis study is a cross-sectional longitudinal register study.SettingThe Swedish Register of Palliative Care (SRPC) collects data about end-of-life care for deaths in all types of healthcare units all over Sweden. Data from all 503 healthcare units that had reported patients continuously to the register during a 3-year period were analysed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData on provided care during the last weeks of life were compared year-by-year with logistic regression.ParticipantsThe study included a total 30 283 patients. The gender distribution was 54% women and 46% men. A total of 60% of patients in the study had a cancer diagnosis.ResultsProvided end-of-life care improved in a number of ways. The prevalence of six examined symptoms decreased. The prescription of ‘as needed’ medications for pain, nausea, anxiety and death rattle increased. A higher proportion of patients died in their place of preference. The patient's next of kin was more often offered a follow-up appointment after the patient's death. No changes were seen with respect to providing information to the patient or next of kin.ConclusionsParticipation in a national quality register covariates with quality improvements in end-of-life care over time.
A prospective observational study of quality of diabetes care in a shared care setting: trends and age differences (ZODIAC-19)
Authors: van Hateren Kornelis J J , Drion Iefke , Kleefstra Nanne , Groenier Klaas H , Houweling Sebastiaan T , van der Meer Klaas , Bilo Henk J G 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveThe Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) study was initiated in 1998 to investigate the effects of shared care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Netherlands, and to reduce the number of diabetes-related complications. Benchmarking the performance of diabetes care was and is an important aspect of this study. We aimed to investigate trends in diabetes care, within the ZODIAC study for a wide variety of quality indicators during a long follow-up period (1998–2008), with special interest for different age groups.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingPrimary care, Zwolle, The Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients with T2DM.MethodsA dataset of quality measures was collected annually during the patient's visit to the practice nurse or general practitioner. Linear time trends from 1998 to 2008 were estimated using linear mixed models in which we adjusted for age and gender. Age was included in the model as a categorical variable: for each follow-up year all participants were categorised into the categories <60, 60–75 and >75 years. Differences in trends between the age categories were investigated by adding an interaction term to the model.ResultsThe number of patients who were reported to participate increased in the period 1998–2008 from 1622 to 27 438. All quality indicators improved in this study, except for body mass index. The prevalence albuminuria decreased in an 11-year-period from 42% to 21%. No relevant differences between the trends for the three age categories were observed. During all years of follow-up, mean blood pressure and body mass index were the lowest and highest, respectively, in the group of patients <60 years (data not shown).ConclusionsQuality of diabetes care within the Dutch ZODIAC study, a shared care project, has considerably improved in the period 1998–2008. There were no relevant differences between trends across various age categories.
The Olympic Regeneration in East London (ORiEL) study: protocol for a prospective controlled quasi-experiment to evaluate the impact of urban regeneration on young people and their families
Authors: Smith Neil R , Clark Charlotte , Fahy Amanda E , Tharmaratnam Vanathi , Lewis Daniel J , Thompson Claire , Renton Adrian , Moore Derek G , Bhui Kamaldeep S , Taylor Stephanie J C , Eldridge Sandra , Petticrew Mark , Greenhalgh Tricia , Stansfeld Stephen A , Cummins Steven 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionRecent systematic reviews suggest that there is a dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of large-scale urban regeneration programmes in improving health and well-being and alleviating health inequalities. The development of the Olympic Park in Stratford for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games provides the opportunity to take advantage of a natural experiment to examine the impact of large-scale urban regeneration on the health and well-being of young people and their families.Design and methodsA prospective school-based survey of adolescents (11–12 years) with parent data collected through face-to-face interviews at home. Adolescents will be recruited from six randomly selected schools in an area receiving large-scale urban regeneration (London Borough of Newham) and compared with adolescents in 18 schools in three comparison areas with no equivalent regeneration (London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Hackney and Barking & Dagenham). Baseline data will be completed prior to the start of the London Olympics (July 2012) with follow-up at 6 and 18 months postintervention. Primary outcomes are: pre–post change in adolescent and parent mental health and well-being, physical activity and parental employment status. Secondary outcomes include: pre–post change in social cohesion, smoking, alcohol use, diet and body mass index. The study will account for individual and environmental contextual effects in evaluating changes to identified outcomes. A nested longitudinal qualitative study will explore families’ experiences of regeneration in order to unpack the process by which regeneration impacts on health and well-being.Ethics and disseminationThe study has approval from Queen Mary University of London Ethics Committee (QMREC2011/40), the Association of Directors of Children's Services (RGE110927) and the London Boroughs Research Governance Framework (CERGF113). Fieldworkers have had advanced Criminal Records Bureau clearance. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, national and international conferences, through participating schools and the study website (http://www.orielproject.co.uk).
Utilization of CT perfusion patient selection for mechanical thrombectomy irrespective of time: a comparison of functional outcomes and complications
Authors: Turk Aquilla S , Nyberg Eric MacKenzie , Chaudry M Imran , Turner Raymond D , Magarik Jordan Asher , Nicholas Joyce S , Holmstedt Christine A , Chalela Julio Alejandro , Hays Angela , Lazaridis Christos , Chimowitz Marc I , Turan Tanya N , Adams Robert J , Jauch Edward C 
Published: August 2012

BackgroundPatient selection for acute ischemic stroke has been largely driven by time-based criteria, although emerging data suggest that image-based criteria may be useful. The purpose of this study was to directly compare outcomes of patients treated within a traditional time window with those treated beyond this benchmark when CT perfusion (CTP) imaging was used as the primary selection tool.MethodsA prospectively collected database of all patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intra-arterial therapy at the Medical University of South Carolina was retrospectively analyzed, regardless of time from symptom onset. At presentation, CTP maps were qualitatively assessed. Selected patients underwent intra-arterial therapy. Functional outcome according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at about 90 days was documented.Results140 patients were included in the study. The median time from symptom onset to groin access was 7.0 h. Overall, 28 patients (20%) had bleeding complications, but only 10 (7.1%) were symptomatic. The average National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for patients treated ≤7 h from symptom onset was 17.3 and 30.2% had a mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days. Patients treated >7 h from symptom onset had an average NIHSS score of 15.1 and 45.5% achieved a mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days (p=0.104). Patients in the two groups had similar rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (8.5% and 5.8%, respectively; p=0.745).ConclusionsNo difference was found in the rates of good functional outcome between patients treated ≤7 h and those treated >7 h from symptom onset. These data suggest that imaging-based patient selection is a safe and viable methodology.
The Essential Role of Giα2 in Prostate Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Zhong Miao , Clarke Shineka , Vo BaoHan T. , Khan Shafiq A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Cell- and receptor-specific regulation of cell migration by Gi/oα-proteins remains unknown in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, oxytocin (OXT) receptor was detected at the protein level in total cell lysates from C81 (an androgen-independent subline of LNCaP), DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells, but not in immortalized normal prostate luminal epithelial cells (RWPE1), and OXT-induced migration of PC3 cells. This effect of OXT has been shown to be mediated by Gi/oα-dependent signaling. Accordingly, OXT inhibited forskolin-induced luciferase activity in PC3 cells that were transfected with a luciferase reporter for cyclic AMP activity. Although mRNAs for all three Giα isoforms were present in PC3 cells, Giα2 was the most abundant isoform that was detected at the protein level. Pertussis toxin (PTx) inhibited the OXT-induced migration of PC3 cells. Ectopic expression of the PTx-resistant Giα2-C352G, but not wild-type Giα2, abolished this effect of PTx on OXT-induced cell migration. The Giα2-targeting siRNA was shown to specifically reduce Giα2 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cells. The Giα2-targeting siRNA eliminated OXT-induced migration of PC3 cells. These data suggest that Giα2 plays an important role in the effects of OXT on PC3 cell migration. The Giα2-targeting siRNA also inhibited EGF-induced migration of PC3 and DU145 cells. Expression of the siRNA-resistant Giα2, but not wild type Giα2, restored the effects of EGF in PC3 cells transfected with the Giα2-targeting siRNA. In conclusion, Giα2 plays an essential role in OXT and EGF signaling to induce prostate cancer cell migration. Mol Cancer Res; 10(10); 1380–8. ©2012 AACR.
N-myc and Noncoding RNAs in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Buechner Jochen , Einvik Christer 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. Amplification and overexpression of the MYCN proto-oncogene occurs in approximately 20% of neuroblastomas and is associated with advanced stage disease, rapid tumor progression, and poor prognosis. MYCN encodes the transcriptional regulator N-myc, which has been shown to both up- and downregulate many target genes involved in cell cycle, DNA damage, differentiation, and apoptosis in neuroblastoma. During the last years, it has become clear that N-myc also modulates the expression of several classes of noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs. MicroRNAs are the most widely studied noncoding RNA molecules in neuroblastoma. They function as negative regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in diverse cellular processes. Aberrant regulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. While the N-myc protein is established as an important regulator of several miRNAs involved in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor miRNAs have also been documented to repress MYCN expression and inhibit cell proliferation of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. It is now becoming increasingly evident that N-myc also regulates the expression of long noncoding RNAs such as T-UCRs and ncRAN. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the interplay between N-myc and noncoding RNAs in neuroblastoma and how this contributes to neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res; 10(10); 1243–53. ©2012 AACR.
Copper Modulates Zinc Metalloproteinase-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of Key Signaling and Adhesion Proteins and Promotes the Invasion of Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells
Authors: Parr-Sturgess Catherine A. , Tinker Claire L. , Hart Claire A. , Brown Michael D. , Clarke Noel W. , Parkin Edward T. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc metalloproteinases (ZMPs) that catalyze the “ectodomain shedding” of a range of cell surface proteins including signaling and adhesion molecules. These “sheddases” are associated with the invasion and metastasis of a range of cancers. Increased serum and tumor tissue levels of copper are also observed in several cancers, although little is known about how the metal might promote disease progression at the molecular level. In the current study, we investigated whether copper might regulate the ectodomain shedding of two key cell surface proteins implicated in the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer, the Notch ligand Jagged1 and the adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and whether the metal was able to influence the invasion of the prostate cancer epithelial cell line PC3. Physiological copper concentrations stimulated the ZMP-mediated proteolysis of Jagged1 and E-cadherin in cell culture models, whereas other divalent metals had no effect. Copper-mediated Jagged1 proteolysis was also observed following the pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide and in a cell-free membrane system, indicating a posttranslational mechanism of sheddase activation. Finally, the concentrations of copper that stimulated ZMP-mediated protein shedding also enhanced PC3 invasion; an effect that could be negated using a sheddase inhibitor or copper chelators. Collectively, these data implicate copper as an important factor in promoting prostate cancer cell invasion and indicate that the selective posttranslational activation of ZMP-mediated protein shedding might play a role in this process. Mol Cancer Res; 10(10); 1282–93. ©2012 AACR.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Early Death
Authors: Brøndum-Jacobsen Peter , Benn Marianne , Jensen Gorm B. , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: August 2012

Objective—
We tested the hypothesis that reduced plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D associates with increased risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death.

Methods and Results—

We measured baseline plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 10 170 women and men from the Danish general population without vitamin D–fortified food. During 29 years of follow-up, 3100 persons developed ischemic heart disease, 1625 myocardial infarction, and 6747 died. Decreasing plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with increasing risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death as a function of seasonally adjusted percentile categories (
P
for trend, 2×10
−4
–3×10
–53
). Comparing individuals with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at the 1st to 4th percentile with individuals with levels at the 50th to 100th percentile, the multivariable adjusted risk was increased by 40% (95% CI, 14%–72%) for ischemic heart disease, by 64% (25%–114%) for myocardial infarction, by 57% (38%–78%) for early death, and by 81% (40%–135%) for fatal ischemic heart disease/myocardial infarction. In the meta-analyses of 18 and 17 studies, risk of ischemic heart disease and early death were increased by 39% (25%–54%) and 46% (31%–64%) for lowest versus highest quartile of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.

Conclusion—
We observed increasing risk of ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and early death with decreasing plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. These findings were substantiated in meta-analyses.
A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Hemodynamic Support With Impella 2.5 Versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Patients Undergoing High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: O'Neill William W. , Kleiman Neal S. , Moses Jeffrey , Henriques Jose P.S. , Dixon Simon , Massaro Joseph , Palacios Igor , Maini Brijeshwar , Mulukutla Suresh , Džavík Vladimír , Popma Jeffrey , Douglas Pamela S. , Ohman Magnus 
Published: August 2012

Background—
Although coronary artery bypass grafting is generally preferred in symptomatic patients with severe, complex multivessel, or left main disease, some patients present with clinical features that make coronary artery bypass grafting clinically unattractive. Percutaneous coronary intervention with hemodynamic support may be feasible for these patients. Currently, there is no systematic comparative evaluation of hemodynamic support devices for this indication.

Methods and Results—

We randomly assigned 452 symptomatic patients with complex 3-vessel disease or unprotected left main coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular function to intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (n=226) or Impella 2.5 (n=226) support during nonemergent high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the 30-day incidence of major adverse events. A 90-day follow-up was required, as well, by protocol. Impella 2.5 provided superior hemodynamic support in comparison with IABP, with maximal decrease in cardiac power output from baseline of −0.04±0.24 W in comparison with −0.14±0.27 W for IABP (
P
=0.001). The primary end point (30-day major adverse events) was not statistically different between groups: 35.1% for Impella 2.5 versus 40.1% for IABP,
P
=0.227 in the intent-to-treat population and 34.3% versus 42.2%,
P
=0.092 in the per protocol population. At 90 days, a strong trend toward decreased major adverse events was observed in Impella 2.5–supported patients in comparison with IABP: 40.6% versus 49.3%,
P
=0.066 in the intent-to-treat population and 40.0% versus 51.0%,
P
=0.023 in the per protocol population, respectively.

Conclusions—
The 30-day incidence of major adverse events was not different for patients with IABP or Impella 2.5 hemodynamic support. However, trends for improved outcomes were observed for Impella 2.5–supported patients at 90 days.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00562016.
Conditional Targeting of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor 6 Reveals Opposing Functions of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Endothelial and Myeloid Cells in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Polykratis Apostolos , van Loo Geert , Xanthoulea Sofia , Hellmich Martin , Pasparakis Manolis 
Published: August 2012

Background—
Previous studies implicated Toll-like receptor signaling as a critical pathogenic pathway in atherosclerosis, but the cell-specific mechanisms by which Toll-like receptors act to control atherosclerotic plaque development remain poorly understood.

Methods and Results—

To study the cell-specific role of tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in atherosclerosis, we generated
ApoE
−/−
mice with endothelial cell– or myeloid cell–specific TRAF6 deficiency using Cre/LoxP-mediated gene targeting. Endothelial TRAF6 deficiency reduced atherosclerosis in female
ApoE
−/−
mice by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB–dependent proinflammatory gene expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. In contrast, myeloid cell–specific TRAF6 deficiency caused exacerbated atherosclerosis, with larger plaques containing more necrotic areas in both male and female
ApoE
−/−
mice. TRAF6-deficient macrophages showed impaired expression of the antiinflammatory and atheroprotective cytokine interleukin-10, elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress, increased sensitivity to oxidized low-density lipoprotein–induced apoptosis, and reduced capacity to clear apoptotic cells. Thus, the reduced antiinflammatory properties, coupled with increased sensitivity to apoptosis and impaired efferocytosis capacity of TRAF6-deficient macrophages, result in exacerbated atherosclerosis development in TRAF6
MYKO
/
ApoE
−/−
mice.

Conclusion—
Toll-like receptor–mediated TRAF6 signaling acts in endothelial cells to promote atherosclerosis but displays atheroprotective, antiinflammatory and prosurvival functions in myeloid cells.