bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakdown and dynamic effects in GaN power switching devices
Authors: Würfl Joachim , Hilt Oliver , Bahat‐Treidel Eldad , Zhytnytska Rimma , Kotara Przemyslaw , Krüger Olaf , Brunner Frank , Weyers Markus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractApproaches towards fast switching GaN devices for applications in power electronics are presented. First, an overview on breakdown mechanisms in GaN power devices is given. Suitable techniques towards devices with high breakdown strength are then discussed and set into relation to their specific dynamic switching properties. It has been found that dynamic switching properties of GaN power devices may be significantly compromised at high drain bias levels. The dynamic effects depend on technological parameters such as epitaxial layer design and crystalline quality of the buffer layer, passivation layers and the lateral device designs (e.g. field plate arrangements). GaN high voltage switching devices therefore require a balanced trade‐off between all these influencing quantities. This paper concentrates on dependencies related to the epitaxial design of the buffer layer(s). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of carrier dynamics of vertically aligned InAs/GaAsSb quantum dot structures
Authors: Liu Wei‐Sheng , Wang Yen‐Ting , Chang Ching‐Min , Qiu Wen‐Yu , Fang Chi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe carrier dynamics of vertically aligned InAs/GaAsSb Type‐II quantum dot (QD) structure are comprehensively analyzed by time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) in this study. A columnar InAs QD structure with an overgrown layer of GaAsSb is proposed to enhance the thermal stability and carrier lifetime through the Type‐II energy band alignment and carrier tunneling effect. The carrier lifetimes of columnar QD structures were correspondent with the PL spectra in wavelength‐dependent TRPL measurements because of the electronic coupling effect and the dot‐size dependent oscillator strength. The improved results in this work make columnar Type‐II QDs the promising candidates for novel optoelectronic device application. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aluminium free 780 nm tapered semiconductor optical amplifiers for rubidium pumping
Authors: Lamponi M. , Jammot A. , Lobe J. B. M. , Robert Y. , Lecomte M. , Parillaud O. , Garcia M. , Krakowski M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTapered Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers based on a GaAsP/GaInP active region are presented. Material characterization and broad area laser performances are shown. Very high gain is measured at a wavelength of 780nm. This represents to our knowledge the first SOA in the GaAsP/GaInP material system. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Joint probability of statistical success of multiple phase III trials
Authors: Zhang Jianliang , Zhang Jenny J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn drug development, after completion of phase II proof‐of‐concept trials, the sponsor needs to make a go/no‐go decision to start expensive phase III trials. The probability of statistical success (PoSS) of the phase III trials based on data from earlier studies is an important factor in that decision‐making process. Instead of statistical power, the predictive power of a phase III trial, which takes into account the uncertainty in the estimation of treatment effect from earlier studies, has been proposed to evaluate the PoSS of a single trial. However, regulatory authorities generally require statistical significance in two (or more) trials for marketing licensure. We show that the predictive statistics of two future trials are statistically correlated through use of the common observed data from earlier studies. Thus, the joint predictive power should not be evaluated as a simplistic product of the predictive powers of the individual trials. We develop the relevant formulae for the appropriate evaluation of the joint predictive power and provide numerical examples. Our methodology is further extended to the more complex phase III development scenario comprising more than two (K > 2) trials, that is, the evaluation of the PoSS of at least k0 () trials from a program of K total trials. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of anomalous SST and surface fluxes over the southeastern North Atlantic in the explosive development of windstorm Xynthia
Authors: Ludwig Patrick , Pinto Joaquim G. , Reyers Mark , Gray Suzanne L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn late February 2010 the extraordinary windstorm Xynthia crossed over southwestern and central Europe and caused severe damage, affecting particularly the Spanish and French Atlantic coasts. The storm was embedded in uncommon large‐scale atmospheric and boundary conditions prior to and during its development, namely enhanced sea‐surface temperatures (SST) within the low‐level entrainment zone of air masses, an unusual southerly position of the polar jet stream, and a remarkable split jet structure in the upper troposphere. To analyse the processes that led to the rapid intensification of this exceptional storm originating close to the subtropics (30°N), the sensitivity of the cyclone intensification to latent heat release is determined using the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM forced with European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA)‐Interim data. A control simulation with observed SST shows that moist and warm air masses originating from the subtropical North Atlantic were involved in the cyclogenesis process and led to the formation of a vertical tower with high values of potential vorticity (PV). Sensitivity studies with reduced SST or increased laminar boundary roughness for heat led to reduced surface latent heat fluxes. This induced both a weaker and partly retarded development of the cyclone and a weakening of the PV tower, together with reduced diabatic heating rates, particularly at lower and mid‐levels. We infer that diabatic processes played a crucial role during the phase of rapid deepening of Xynthia and thus to its intensity over the southeastern North Atlantic. We suggest that windstorms such as Xynthia may occur more frequently under future climate conditions due to the warming SSTs and potentially enhanced latent‐heat release, thus increasing the windstorm risk for southwestern Europe.
Semi‐supervised logistic discrimination via labeled data and unlabeled data from different sampling distributions
Authors: Kawano Shuichi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of classification method based on both labeled and unlabeled data, where we assume that a density function for labeled data is different from that for unlabeled data. We propose a semi‐supervised logistic regression model for classification problem along with the technique of covariate shift adaptation. Unknown parameters involved in proposed models are estimated by regularization with expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm. A crucial issue in the modeling process is the choices of adjusted parameters in our semi‐supervised logistic models. In order to select the parameters, a model selection criterion is derived from an information‐theoretic approach. Some numerical studies show that our modeling procedure performs well in various cases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Die Brücke über den Kleinen Belt
Authors: Braun Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBerichtet werden soll an dieser Stelle von einem Brückenbauvorhaben aus den 30er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts in Dänemark. Bemerkenswert daran ist die vollkommen unkomplizierte und konfliktfreie Zusammenarbeit von renommierten dänischen und deutschen Firmen, die dann zu einem bis heute überzeugenden Endergebnis geführt hat. Der überragende Arbeitsanteil der deutschen Betriebe berechtigt in jedem Fall dazu, das Vorhaben mit in die Reihe der Glanzleistungen deutscher Ingenieurbaukunst aufzunehmen.Offenbar waren solcherart Jointventures zwischen deutschen und ausländischen Firmen zu jener Zeit überraschenderweise gar nicht ungewöhnlich. So ist auch eine weitere Brücke in Dänemark als Gemeinschaftsaufgabe, diesmal zusammen mit der Gutehoffnungshütte Duisburg (GHH), überzeugend gelöst worden [1].The bridge across the Little Belt. This article deals on a remarkable building project for a combined railway/street bridge in Denmark in the 30ies. Top companies of both Danish and German together have made a very good result. The German part of this seems to be one of the greatest engineering performances German companies ever made.
Entwicklungspotenzial im Straßenbrückenbau durch den Einsatz von hybriden Tragstrukturen – Teil 1: Balkenbrücken
Authors: Wagner Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractVerbundbrücken haben in Deutschland nach der Wende eine richtige Renaissance erlebt und neben den häufig eingesetzten Querschnitten mit Trapezkästen konnten sich auch neue Lösungen mit luftdicht verschweißten Hohlkästen bzw. mit einteiligen Querschnitten bei der Überquerung von tiefen Tälern durchsetzen. Die hybride Bauweise, in diesem Falle gekennzeichnet durch das kraftschlüssige Zusammenwirken von Bauteilen aus Stahl und Beton, hat sich hierbei mit wenigen Ausnahmen auf die Ausbildung einer Betonfahrbahn als Obergurt der Stahltragkonstruktion beschränkt und konnte damit noch nicht ihr volles Potenzial entfalten. In diesem Beitrag sollen daher einige weiterentwickelte hybride Tragstrukturen für Balkenbrücken vorgestellt werden, die neben bemerkenswerten technisch wirtschaftlichen Vorzügen auch vielfältige Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten bieten und damit interessante Optionen für den Neubau von Balkenbrücken darstellen.Design developments for roadway bridges based on new hybrid structures – Part 1: girder bridges. Composite roadway bridges experienced a real resurrection after the reunification of Germany and, beside the often built trapezoidal cross‐sections, there could succeed new designs with airtight welded box‐sections or, in case of highway‐bridges crossing deep valleys, with undivided cross‐sections. But hybrid structures, understood as the structural combination of steel and concrete parts, have been restricted – with very few exemptions – to the use of concrete decks as upper cord of steel structures only, and therefore did not show the full range of their many possibilities.This paper will therefore present and describe some advanced hybrid designs for girder bridges which are characterized by technical strength, economical fabrication and construction as well as outstanding architectural qualities. These new hybrid bridge designs should thus be able to offer interesting options for the construction of new roadway bridges.
Talbrücke Lochkov
Authors: Dorrer Günther 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMit der Eröffnung der südwestlichen Teile wird der südliche Teil des Prager Autobahnrings geschlossen und es kommt zur Verlagerung des Transitverkehrs zwischen der Brünner Autobahn D1 und Pilsner Autobahn D5 aus dem Stadtgebiet von Prag. Eine leistungsfähige Verkehrsinfrastruktur bildet die Grundlage für eine positive wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region. Des Weiteren kommt es zu einer erheblichen Verkürzung der Fahrzeit und damit verbunden zur Reduktion des Schadstoffausstoßes. Die Talbrücke Lochkov, ein Stahlverbundüberbau als Sprengwerk mit geneigten Stielen, überspannt in 65 m Höhe den Talgrund und ist nicht nur wegen ihres architektonischen Erscheinungsbildes, sondern auch wegen ihrer diversen technischen Sonderlösungen das Herzstück des Bauabschnittes.The Lochkov viaduct – second‐highest bridge of Czech Republic. After the opening of the southwestern part of the bypass highway around the city of Prague most of the transit traffic from the motorway D1 and motorway D5 will no longer pass through the city center. An efficient infrastructure is the greatest advantage for a positive economic development of a region. The Lochkov viaduct, designed as a composite deck bridge as strutted frame with inclined piers crosses the valley near the village of Lochkov in a height of 65 m. Due to the architectural design and special technical solutions for the bridge a new landmark in steelbridge history will be created.
Differential Sensitivity to JAK Inhibitory Drugs by Isogenic Human Erythroblasts and Hematopoietic Progenitors Generated from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Ye Zhaohui , Liu Cyndi F. , Lanikova Lucie , Dowey Sarah N. , He Chaoxia , Huang Xiaosong , Brodsky Robert A. , Spivak Jerry L. , Prchal Josef T. , Cheng Linzhao 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to establish novel disease models and accelerate drug development using distinct tissue target cells generated from isogenic iPSC lines with and without disease-causing mutations. To realize the potential of iPSCs in modeling acquired diseases which are usually heterogeneous, we have generated multiple iPSC lines including two lines that are JAK2-wild-type and four lines homozygous for JAK2-V617F somatic mutation from a single polycythemia vera (PV) patient blood. In vitro differentiation of the same patient-derived iPSC lines have demonstrated the differential contributions of their parental hematopoietic clones to the abnormal erythropoiesis including the formation of endogenous erythroid colonies. This iPSC approach thus may provide unique and valuable insights into the genetic events responsible for disease development. To examine the potential of iPSCs in drug testing, we generated isogenic hematopoietic progenitors and erythroblasts from the same iPSC lines derived from PV patients and normal donors. Their response to three clinical JAK inhibitors, INCB018424 (Ruxolitinib), TG101348 (SAR302503), and the more recent CYT387 was evaluated. All three drugs similarly inhibited erythropoiesis from normal and PV iPSC lines containing the wild-type JAK2 genotype, as well as those containing a homozygous or heterozygous JAK2-V617F activating mutation that showed increased erythropoiesis without a JAK inhibitor. However, the JAK inhibitors had less inhibitory effect on the self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. The iPSC-mediated disease modeling thus underlies the ineffectiveness of the current JAK inhibitors and provides a modeling system to develop better targeted therapies for the JAK2 mutated hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2014;32:269–278
Dose spectra from energetic particles and neutrons
Authors: Schwadron Nathan , Bancroft Chris , Bloser Peter , Legere Jason , Ryan James , Smith Sonya , Spence Harlan , Mazur Joe , Zeitlin Cary 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDose spectra from energetic particles and neutrons (DoSEN) are an early‐stage space technology research project that combines two advanced complementary radiation detection concepts with fundamental advantages over traditional dosimetry. DoSEN measures not only the energy but also the charge distribution (including neutrons) of energetic particles that affect human (and robotic) health in a way not presently possible with current dosimeters. For heavy ions and protons, DoSEN provides a direct measurement of the lineal energy transfer (LET) spectra behind shielding material. For LET measurements, DoSEN contains stacks of thin‐thick Si detectors similar in design to those used for the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation. With LET spectra, we can now directly break down the observed spectrum of radiation into its constituent heavy‐ion components and through biologically based quality factors that provide not only doses and dose rates but also dose equivalents, associated rates, and even organ doses. DoSEN also measures neutrons from 10 to 100 MeV, which requires enough sensitive mass to fully absorb recoil particles that the neutrons produce. DoSEN develops the new concept of combining these independent measurements and using the coincidence of LET measurements and neutron detection to significantly reduce backgrounds in each measurement. The background suppression through the use of coincidence allows for significant reductions in size, mass, and power needed to provide measurements of dose, neutron dose, dose equivalents, LET spectra, and organ doses. Thus, we introduce the DoSEN concept: a promising low‐mass instrument that detects the full spectrum of energetic particles, heavy ions, and neutrons to determine biological impact of radiation in space.
Pb2+ induced IL‐8 gene expression by extracellular signal‐regulated kinases and the transcription factor, activator protein 1, in human gastric carcinoma cells
Authors: Lin Ying‐Chi , Wei Po‐Li , Tsai Yao‐Ting , Wong Jhen‐Hong , Chang Che‐Mai , Wang Jaw‐Yuan , Hou Ming‐Feng , Lee Yi‐Chao , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Chang Wei‐Chiao 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDivalent lead (Pb2+) is a common industrial pollutant epidemiologically associated with gastric cancers. Pb2+ was found to promote tumorigenesis, which may include interleukin (IL)‐8, a pro‐inflammatory chemokine that promotes angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Given that the gastrointestinal tract is a major route of Pb2+ exposure, we investigated the ability of Pb2+ to induce IL‐8 expression in gastric carcinoma cells and its underlying mechanism. At a concentration of 0.1 μM, Pb2+ induced IL‐8 gene activation in gastric carcinoma AGS cells. Using a IL‐8 promoter‐deletion analysis, transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP‐1) was identified as a necessary component of Pb2+‐induced IL‐8 gene activation. Upregulation of the IL‐8 gene was abrogated by the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, and partially suppressed by the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, AG1478 and PD153035. Furthermore, c‐Jun protein expression was induced in cells treated with Pb2+, and overexpression of c‐Jun enhanced Pb2+‐induced IL‐8 activation. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal roles of AP‐1 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase in signal transduction of Pb2+‐induced IL‐8 gene activation. These molecules may be potential therapeutic targets for Pb2+‐related inflammation leading to stomach carcinogenesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 315–322, 2015.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Some Layered Compounds Based on Long‐Chain Sulfonium Cations and Complex Cobalt and Copper Anions
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Sokka Ilia , Belova Liubov , Kloo Lars 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo new materials of the composition ({CH3(CH2)15(CH3)2S}+)2[CoBr4]2– (1) and ({CH3(CH2)15(CH3)2S}+)2[CuBr4]2– (2 and 3), of which the latter exists in two polymorphs, were synthesized. The materials display the synthetically targeted structures, comprising of layers of complex metal ions and layers of long‐chain sulfonium cations. The crystal structures of the materials were determined. The interlayer distances are around 24 Å, with metal–metal distances about 8 Å. The magnetic properties of 1 were investigated, and the material is paramagnetic. ({CH3(CH2)15(CH3)2S}+)2[CuBr4]2 is polymorphic. Both polymorphs crystallize with triclinic symmetry.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of [Fe2(μ‐PtBu2)2(NO)4]
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Mayer Peter , Mayer Tobias 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Reactions of the coordinatively unsaturated complexes [Fe2(μ‐PR2)(μ‐PR′2)(CO)5] [R = R′ = tBu (1); R = tBu, R′ = Cy (2)] with nitric oxide in toluene at elevated temperatures were investigated. Thus, the new complexes [Fe2(μ‐PtBu2)2(NO)4] (3) and [Fe2(μ‐PtBu2)(μ‐PCy2)(NO)4] (4) were obtained in good yields. The molecular structure of 3 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction study. Compound 4 was also prepared from the coordinatively saturated species [Fe2(μ‐PtBu2)(μ‐PCy2)(CO)6] (2a) with nitric oxide in refluxing toluene. Further closely related reactions at 60 °C with the complex 1 and [FeRu(μ‐PtBu2)2(CO)5] (5), respectively, were investigated using preliminary crystal structure determination results.
[Ru(Bi8)2]6+– A Cluster in a Highly Disordered Crystal ­Structure is the Key to the Understanding of the Coordination Chemistry of Bismuth Polycations
Authors: Groh Matthias F. , Isaeva Anna , Frey Christoph , Ruck Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBlack platelets of Bi39.67(7)Ru2Br35.0(2)were crystallized from a melt of Bi, BiBr3, and Ru. In the tetragonal crystal structure [P4/mbm,a= 1311.92(6) pm,c= 3018.2(4) pm at 155(5) K], cluster cations [(Bi82+)Ru2+(Bi82+)] are embedded in a matrix of disordered bromido‐bismuthate(III) groups. A thorough analysis of the disorder in the anionic part enabled the unambiguous assignment of the cluster charge. The η4‐coordination of the two Bi82+square antiprisms to the RuIIatom in the sandwich complex resembles the bonding of Bi5+and Bi82+in the clusters [(Bi5+)Ru+(Bi4Br4)Ru+(Bi5+)] and [(Bi82+)Ru+(Bi4Br4)Ru+(Bi5+)] as well as of Bi42–in$\rm^{1}_{\infty}$[(Bi42–)Ru+(Bi4Br4)Ru+]. By combining crystal chemical considerations for all mentioned compounds and using quantum chemical calculations, a common bonding scheme for the coordination compounds of bismuth polycations and polyanions was established. The η4‐coordinating bismuth polycations and polyanions act as six electron donors, comparable tonido‐carborane ligands, Zintl anionsE94–andE56–(E= Si to Pb), cyclopentadienyl ligands, or the cyclobutadiene dianion. The electron count for the transition metal is 18 in all finite clusters.
PPARα Activation Induces Nε‐Lys‐Acetylation of Rat Liver Peroxisomal Multifunctional Enzyme Type 1
Authors: Contreras Miguel A. , Alzate Oscar , Singh Avtar K. , Singh Inderjit 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPeroxisomes are ubiquitous subcellular organelles that participate in metabolic and disease processes, with few of its proteins undergoing posttranslational modifications. As the role of lysine‐acetylation has expanded into the cellular intermediary metabolism, we used a combination of differential centrifugation, organelle isolation by linear density gradient centrifugation, western blot analysis, and peptide fingerprinting and amino acid sequencing by mass spectrometry to investigate protein acetylation in control and ciprofibrate‐treated rat liver peroxisomes. Organelle protein samples isolated by density gradient centrifugation from PPARα‐agonist treated rat liver screened with an anti‐Nε‐acetyl lysine antibody revealed a single protein band of 75 kDa. Immunoprecipitation with this antibody resulted in the precipitation of a protein from the protein pool of ciprofibrate‐induced peroxisomes, but not from the protein pool of non‐induced peroxisomes. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis identified the protein as the peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 1. In addition, mass spectrometry‐based amino acid sequencing resulted in the identification of unique peptides containing 4 acetylated‐Lys residues (K155, K173, K190, and K583). This is the first report that demonstrates posttranslational acetylation of a peroxisomal enzyme in PPARα‐dependent proliferation of peroxisomes in rat liver.