bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The motion of a 2D pendulum in a channel subjected to an incoming flow
Authors: Fani Andrea , Gallaire François 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe flow around a tethered cylinder subjected to an incoming flow transverse to its main axis and confined in a channel is investigated by means of global stability analysis of the full coupled body–fluid problem. When the cylinder is strongly confined (ratio of cylinder diameter to cell height,$D/H=0.66$) we retrieve the confinement-induced instability (CIV) discovered by Seminet al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 690, 2011, pp. 345–365), which sets in at a Reynolds number below the vortex-induced vibration threshold. For a moderately confined case ($D/H=0.3$), a new steady static instability is discovered, referred to as confinement-induced divergence (CID). This instability saturates into an asymmetric steady solution through a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. In addition, the CIV and CID instabilities are studied via a reduced model obtained by considering a quasi-static response of the fluid, allowing for tracing back the physical mechanisms responsible for the instabilities.
Involvement of TRPV1 channels in the periaqueductal grey on the modulation of innate fear responses
Authors: Aguiar Daniele C. , Almeida-Santos Ana F. , Moreira Fabricio A. , Guimarães Francisco S. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThe transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is expressed in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), a region of the brain related to aversive responses. TRPV1 antagonism in the dorsolateral PAG (dlPAG) induces anxiolytic-like effects in models based on conflict situations. No study, however, has investigated whether these receptors could contribute to fear responses to proximal threat. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 in the PAG could mediate fear response in rats exposed to a predator.MethodsWe verified whether exposure to a live cat (a natural predator) would activate TRPV1-expressing neurons in the PAG. Double-staining immunohistochemistry was used as a technique to detect c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and TRPV1 expression. We also investigated whether intra-dlPAG injections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ), would attenuate the behavioural consequences of predator exposure.ResultsExposure to a cat increased c-Fos expression in TRPV1-positive neurons, mainly in the dorsal columns of the PAG, suggesting that TRPV1-expressing neurons are activated by threatening stimuli. Accordingly, local injection of CPZ inhibited the fear responses.ConclusionThese data support the hypothesis that TRPV1 channels mediate fear reactions in the dlPAG. This may have an implication for the development of TRPV1-antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders.
QUASI-RANDOM PROFINITE GROUPS
Authors: BARDESTANI MOHAMMAD , MALLAHI-KARAI KEIVAN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInspired by Gowers' seminal paper (W. T. Gowers,Comb. Probab. Comput.17(3) (2008), 363–387, we will investigate quasi-randomness for profinite groups. We will obtain bounds for the minimal degree of non-trivial representations of SLk(ℤ/(pnℤ)) and Sp2k(ℤ/(pnℤ)). Our method also delivers a lower bound for the minimal degree of a faithful representation of these groups. Using the suitable machinery from functional analysis, we establish exponential lower and upper bounds for the supremal measure of a product-free measurable subset of the profinite groups SLk(ℤp) and Sp2k(ℤp). We also obtain analogous bounds for a special subgroup of the automorphism group of a regular tree.
ON THE 2-NILPOTENT MULTIPLIER OF FINITEp-GROUPS
Authors: NIROOMAND PEYMAN , PARVIZI MOHSEN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is a further investigation on the 2-nilpotent multiplier,$\mathcal{M}$(2)(G), whenGis a non-abelianp-group. Furthermore, takingGin the class of extra-specialp-groups, we will get the explicit structure of$\mathcal{M}$(2)(G) and will classify 2-capable groups in that class.
KILLING FRAMES AND S-CURVATURE OF HOMOGENEOUS FINSLER SPACES
Authors: XU MING , DENG SHAOQIANG 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we first deduce a formula of S-curvature of homogeneous Finsler spaces in terms of Killing vector fields. Then we prove that a homogeneous Finsler space has isotropic S-curvature if and only if it has vanishing S-curvature. In the special case that the homogeneous Finsler space is a Randers space, we give an explicit formula which coincides with the previous formula obtained by the second author using other methods.
Evidence for increasing severity of community-onset boils and abscesses in UK General Practice
Authors: SHALLCROSS L. J. , HAYWARD A. C. , JOHNSON A. M. , PETERSEN I. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYIn England, hospital admissions for severe staphylococcal boils and abscesses trebled between 1989 and 2004. We investigated this trend using routine data from primary and secondary care. We used The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a large primary-care database and national data on hospital admissions from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Time trends in the incidence of primary-care consultations for boils and abscesses were estimated for 1995–2010. HES data were used to calculate age-standardized hospital admission rates for boils, abscesses and cellulitis. The incidence of boil or abscess was 450 [95% confidence interval (CI) 447–452] per 100 000 person-years and increased slightly over the study period (incidence rate ratio 1·005, 95% CI 1·004–1·007). The rate of repeat consultation for a boil or abscess increased from 66 (95% CI 59–73) per 100 000 person-years in 1995 to peak at 97 (95% CI 94–101) per 100 000 person-years in 2006, remaining stable thereafter. Hospital admissions for abscesses, carbuncles, furuncles and cellulitis almost doubled, from 123 admissions per 100 000 in 1998/1999 to 236 admissions per 100 000 in 2010/2011. Rising hospitalization and recurrence rates set against a background of stable community incidence suggests increased disease severity. Patients may be experiencing more severe and recurrent staphylococcal skin disease with limited treatment options.
Acute ischaemic heart block in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Burkett Dale A. , Wilson Neil , Mitchell Max B. , Younoszai Adel K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn hypoplastic left heart syndrome, thrombosis of the native ascending aorta is rare and often fatal; there are no previously reported cases presenting with acute heart block. We review a case of native ascending aorta thrombosis in a 2-year-old boy with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, presenting with acute heart block. This case highlights the benefit of multi-modality imaging in complex cases.
Storytelling, Safeguarding, Treatment, and Responsibility: attributes of recovery in psychiatric intensive care units
Authors: Gwinner Karleen , Ward Louise 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and aimIn recent years, policy in Australia has endorsed recovery-oriented mental health services underpinned by the needs, rights and values of people with lived experience of mental illness. This paper critically reviews the idea of recovery as understood by nurses at the frontline of services for people experiencing acute psychiatric distress.MethodData gathered from focus groups held with nurses from two hospitals were used to ascertain their use of terminology, understanding of attributes and current practices that support recovery for people experiencing acute psychiatric distress. A review of literature further examined current nurse-based evidence and nurse knowledge of recovery approaches specific to psychiatric intensive care settings.ResultsFour defining attributes of recovery based on nurses’ perspectives are shared to identify and describe strategies that may help underpin recovery specific to psychiatric intensive care settings.ConclusionThe four attributes described in this paper provide a pragmatic framework with which nurses can reinforce their clinical decision-making and negotiate the dynamic and often incongruous challenges they experience to embed recovery-oriented culture in acute psychiatric settings.
Reactive impedance surface-based broadband circularly polarized Koch fractal boundary microstrip antenna
Authors: Reddy V. V. , Sarma N.V.S.N. 
Published: December 2014

A circularly polarized (CP) broadband antenna is proposed for wireless applications in the range of 2–3 GHz frequency. It consists of asymmetrical Koch fractal boundary patch over a reactive impedance surface (RIS) substrate. The simulations of single-layer Koch fractal antenna, dual layer with square and fractal RIS elements are carried out in a systematic way for broadband CP radiation and corresponding results are presented. For better CP characteristics, properties of fractal curves and dimensions of RIS elements are optimized. The antenna with fractal RIS iteration order one (iteration1) is experimentally studied. The 10-dB return loss bandwidth is 50.35%, whereas 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 7.45%, which indicate that by applying fractals concept to RIS technique, with a single probe feed, broadband CP radiation can be obtained.
Jealousy and Violence in Dating Relationships: Gender-Related Differences among a Spanish Sample
Authors: Sebastián Julia , Verdugo Alba , Ortiz Beatriz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe present study analyzes violent behavior (psychological, physical, and sexual violence) that may occur in dating relationships. Data was collected from couples of adolescents and young adults in a sample of 579 students from the region of Madrid, consisting of 319 females and 260 males aged between 12 and 22 years. A novel aspect of this study compared with the great majority of published studies is analysis of a) the frequency of violent behaviors (and not only their presence or absence) to study significant mean differences and b) potential gender and age related differences in the patterns of violence. Results indicate the high prevalence of violence in Spanish dating relationships. Specifically, females carry out more mild physical (p < .001) and psychological violence (p < .05), whereas males perpetrate more sexual violence (p < .001). However, with regard to victimization, no significant gender related differences in frequency were found between boys and girls in any type of violence. With regard to age, young adolescents perform (p < .05) and suffer (p < .01) significantly more jealous behavior, whereas the young adults of our sample commit and suffer more sexual violence (p < .05). Directions for future research are outlined, mainly concerning instruments used that ought to be more sensitive to the reality being measured.
Assessment of lipidomic species in hepatocyte lipid droplets from stressed mouse models
Authors: Hartler Jürgen , Köfeler Harald C , Trötzmüller Martin , Thallinger Gerhard G , Spener Friedrich 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLipid droplets are considered to be the hub for storage and metabolism of cellular lipids. In previous work we have phenotyped the lipidome of murine hepatocyte lipid droplets using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) plus integrated MS/MS, followed by automatic analysis of the MS data. The organelles were isolated after intervention studies involving nutritional stress (extended feeding of a high fat diet or short term fasting), genetic stress due to knock-out of adipocyte triglyceride lipase, or by combined application of nutritional and genetic stress together (‘super stress’). Lipidomics at the level of lipid species (profiling of lipid classes) and lipid molecular species (structural analysis in parallel) has unraveled clear lipid droplet phenotypes as judged by patterns seen best in triacylglycerol (TG) lipidomes, but also in diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine lipidomes. The combined view of these data presented here validates the methods used and provides high quality lipidomic data for further bioinformatic inspections. Examples are given for identification of TG species subsets considered surrogates for whole TG lipidomes.
Electromyography data for non-invasive naturally-controlled robotic hand prostheses
Authors: Atzori Manfredo , Gijsberts Arjan , Castellini Claudio , Caputo Barbara , Hager Anne-Gabrielle Mittaz , Elsig Simone , Giatsidis Giorgio , Bassetto Franco , Müller Henning 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRecent advances in rehabilitation robotics suggest that it may be possible for hand-amputated subjects to recover at least a significant part of the lost hand functionality. The control of robotic prosthetic hands using non-invasive techniques is still a challenge in real life: myoelectric prostheses give limited control capabilities, the control is often unnatural and must be learned through long training times. Meanwhile, scientific literature results are promising but they are still far from fulfilling real-life needs. This work aims to close this gap by allowing worldwide research groups to develop and test movement recognition and force control algorithms on a benchmark scientific database. The database is targeted at studying the relationship between surface electromyography, hand kinematics and hand forces, with the final goal of developing non-invasive, naturally controlled, robotic hand prostheses. The validation section verifies that the data are similar to data acquired in real-life conditions, and that recognition of different hand tasks by applying state-of-the-art signal features and machine-learning algorithms is possible.
Inanspruchnahme von Früherkennungsunter­suchungen bei Kindern aus Sachsen-Anhalt zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung
Authors: Hase J. , Hartmann T. , Oppermann H. , Wahl G. 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Darstellung der Teilnahme von Kindern an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen (U2–U8) nach §§ 26 und 92 (SGB V), die im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen durch den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst in Sachsen-Anhalt retrospektiv erhoben wurde. Analyse der zusätzlich pro Kind registrierten Variablen aus den Bereichen Sozialfaktoren, diagnostische Befunde und therapeutischer Versorgungsgrad im Zusammenhang mit dem Teilnahmeverhalten an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen.
Methodik: Statistische Auswertung von 73 628 anonymisierten Datensätzen aus der Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt, die von den 14 Gesundheitsämtern bei den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen für den Zeitraum 2008–2012 erhoben wurden. Analyse der Daten für 20 Variablen pro Kind zum Einfluss des Teilnahmeverhaltens an den U-Untersuchungen mithilfe von Häufigkeitsunterschieden der Untersuchungsgruppen und deren Prüfung auf Signifikanz durch den Chi-Quadrattest.
Ergebnisse: Die 5 Früherkennungsuntersuchungen U2 bis U6 werden in Sachsen-Anhalt von 99 bis 96% der Kinder wahrgenommen. Mit zunehmendem Kindesalter sinken die Teilnahmequoten (U2=98,7% bis U8=88,5%). Zum Zeitpunkt der Schuleingangsuntersuchung (Durchschnittsalter 63 Monate) haben 83% der Kinder an allen 7 Früherkennungsuntersuchungen teilgenommen und 0,4% an keiner U-Untersuchung. Das Geschlecht des Kindes hat keinen Einfluss auf das Teilnahmeverhalten durch die Eltern. Kinder, die in Kindertageseinrichtungen betreut werden, weisen signifikant häufiger (84,8%) einen voll-ständigen U-Status auf als zuhause betreute ­Kinder (55,1%).
Schlussfolgerung: Die retrospektive Vollerhebung durch die Schuleingangsuntersuchung zum Teilnahmeverhalten an den Früherkennungsuntersuchungen eignet sich dazu, um Zusammenhänge mit Sozialfaktoren, diagnostischen Befunden und dem therapeutischen Versorgungsgrad der Kinder aufzuzeigen.
Akzeptanz der Einführung standardisierter Patientenschulungen durch das multidisziplinäre Reha-Team am Beispiel einer Rückenschule – Eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Peters S. , Schultze A. , Pfeifer K. , Faller H. , Meng K. 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Der Praxistransfer standardisierter Patientenschulungen ist ein komplexer Vorgang mit vielen Einflussfaktoren. Determinanten betreffen u. a. Organisation und Individuen (z. B. Praktiker, Patient). Zu individuumsbezogenen Faktoren der Schulungsleiter liegen im deutschen Reha-System wenige Kenntnisse vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Akzeptanz der Schulungsleiter gegenüber der Implementierung einer standardisierten Rückenschule zu explorieren und Förderfaktoren und Barrieren für Schulungsimplementierungen abzuleiten.
Methode: In 10 Rehabilitationskliniken wurden teilstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews durchgeführt. Die Stichprobe umfasste 46 Schulungsleiter (25 Frauen): 11 Ärzte, 11 Psychologen, 21 Bewegungstherapeuten und 3 Ergotherapeuten im Durchschnittsalter von 41 Jahren. Als Akzeptanzindikatoren wurden erhoben: die Ansichten der Schulungsleiter hinsichtlich zentraler Inhalte von Rückenschulen allgemein, ihre Meinungen zum neuen Curriculum Rückenschule, ihre Erwartungen an die Umsetzung, von ihnen antizipierte Schwierigkeiten bei der Einführung sowie ihre Wünsche an das Projektteam. Die Interviewauswertung erfolgte mittels mehrstufiger qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.
Ergebnisse: Es wurden 6 Oberkategorien mit 136 Subkategorien gebildet und mit diesen 729 Kodierungen vorgenommen. Bei den zentralen Inhalten wird am häufigsten das rückengerechte Verhalten thematisiert. Die meisten Meinungen zum Curriculum sind positiv. Dabei werden die fachliche Zustimmung zu Inhalten und Methoden in den Vordergrund gestellt und die Ähnlichkeit mit bestehenden Klinikangeboten und die Schulungsstruktur positiv bewertet. Erwartungen richten sich häufig auf eine verstärkte Patientenorientierung und persönliche Weiterentwicklung sowie auf eine gemeinsame, einheitliche Sprache und Interdisziplinarität. Schwierigkeiten werden oft bei zeitlichen/personellen Ressourcen sowie der Therapie- und Terminplanung, aber auch hinsichtlich der Motivation/Akzeptanz der Patienten erwartet. Es wird der Wunsch nach Kommunikation, Trainerschulung und Feedback geäußert.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Studie liefert Hinweise auf eine hohe Akzeptanz der Trainer bezüglich Schulungsimplementierung und zentraler Merkmale moderner Patientenschulungen. Ansatzpunkte zu individuumsbezogenen Förderfaktoren und Barrieren wurden ermittelt und können zur Weiterentwicklung von Implementierungsinterventionen beitragen. Zentral sind Kommunikation und Schulung unter Berücksichtigung dieser Faktoren.
Soil fertility induces coordinated responses of multiple independent functional traits
Authors: Jager Melissa M. , Richardson Sarah J. , Bellingham Peter J. , Clearwater Michael J. , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

A central goal of functional ecology is to determine how independent functional traits are selectively filtered by environmental conditions to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly. Soil fertility clearly influences community composition, but it is unclear which plant functional traits are most strongly associated with gradients of increasing nutrient limitation.

We hypothesized that leaf economic traits and stem tissue density would be strongly associated with soil fertility given their direct relationship to soil resource acquisition and use. In contrast, we hypothesized that functional traits that are commonly associated with competition for light (maximum height), shade tolerance (seed mass) and resistance to disturbance (bark thickness) would be unrelated to soil fertility.

We measured 13 functional traits from 30 tree species occurring in 40 plots across a soil fertility gradient in a mature warm temperate rain forest in Northland, New Zealand. Principal component analysis was used to assess the dimensionality and independence of the functional traits and the soil properties, and regression was used to determine the relationships between community‐weighted mean traits and the soil fertility gradient.

We observed a coordinated response of multiple independent traits to soil fertility. Consistent with our hypothesis, species associated with low‐fertility soils had comparatively ‘slower’ leaves (i.e. low SLA and leaf N and P, and high LDMC and thickness) and higher stem tissue density than species associated with high‐fertility soils.

Unexpectedly, we observed that species associated with low‐fertility soils had larger maximum heights, thicker bark and lower seed mass. Tall trees can persist on poor soils. Thick bark may be a defensive strategy for trees growing in resource‐limited sites and large‐seeded shade‐tolerant species can persist in fertile soils where light is more limiting.

Synthesis. Species sorting can occur over short distances in ecosystems where topographically driven variation in soil fertility leads to complete compositional turnover. Inferences about species distributions based on single‐trait spectrums can be misleading when environmental gradients sort species by filtering multiple independent traits simultaneously. Identifying the multidimensional trait combinations that promote fitness will advance both theory development and ecological restoration.
Food Demand in Russia: Heterogeneous Consumer Segments over Time
Authors: Staudigel Matthias , Schröck Rebecca 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Russian food system has undergone substantial changes. However, knowledge on how economic transition has affected the structural parameters of food demand is lacking. Based on a two‐stageLES‐LA/AIDSmodel and annual panel data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1995–2010), we provide a comprehensive set of food demand elasticities for Russia along two dimensions. First, we estimate demand parameters for three characteristic time periods in order to trace changes during transition. Second, to account for the Russian population's diversity, we derive elasticities for five different consumer segments. These groups are established by a cluster analysis based on households' food purchases. Our findings suggest that demand for food is far from satiated in Russia. We find generally high unconditional expenditure and own‐price elasticities for food. Both expenditure and own‐price elasticities show slight decreases in absolute terms over time. Low expenditure elasticities for staple foods like bread or cereals and high values for luxury goods such as meat, alcohol and tobacco suggest considerable changes in the composition of food baskets with further income growth. Results indicate that food production at home loses in importance while more affluent households in particular increase their demand for food consumption away from home.
‘Please put a date to your letters …’: The Textual Evidence for Dr William Cullen's Management of His Epistolary Practice
Authors: Shuttleton David E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe archive of William Cullen's ‘Consultations’ held at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh is one of the most comprehensive records of an eighteenth‐century epistolary medical practice. This essay presents findings coming out of the detailed textual analysis undertaken to establish appropriate editorial protocols for a digital edition. Close textual scrutiny forms the bedrock of scholarly editing and is essential for establishing the status of individual documents, but the aim here is to show how bringing such attention to bear can illuminate broader questions concerning how Cullen managed such a prompt and personal epistolary service.