bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the effect of paracetamol on blood pressure in hypertensive and non‐hypertensive subjects
Authors: Turtle Emma J. , Dear James W. , Webb David J. 
Published: November 2012

AimTo review current evidence on the effect of paracetamol on blood pressure (BP), the quality of the previous studies and the validity of the results, and to summarize these findings.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane library and EMBASE for publications between the years 1963 and 2012.ResultsWe identified three case reports, seven prospective observational trials, six randomized controlled trials, one commentary and two reviews. Some, but not all, of the observational studies, which included over 147 000 patients, showed an increased risk of hypertension with paracetamol use. The randomized studies were generally small and the results were inconsistent. Three studies, which included 104 patients, showed an increase of systolic BP by ∼4 mmHg, two studies, which included 27 patients, reported no change in BP and one study, which included 21 patients, reported a fall in BP although no placebo arm was included for comparison.ConclusionsThe overall effect of paracetamol on BP is unclear. Given that paracetamol is often suggested as a safer alternative to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it would seem that further prospective evidence is now needed to address the effect of paracetamol on BP. This would be best done with larger studies in relevant cohorts using BP measured by ambulatory BP monitoring as the primary endpoint.
An active metabolite of oltipraz (M2) increases mitochondrial fuel oxidation and inhibits lipogenesis in the liver by dually activating AMPK
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Eom Jeong Sik , Lee Chan Gyu , Yang Yoon Mee , Lee Yong Sup , Kim Sang Geon 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposeOltipraz, a cancer chemopreventive agent, has an anti‐steatotic effect via liver X receptor‐α (LXRα) inhibition. Here we have assessed the biological activity of a major metabolite of oltipraz (M2) against liver steatosis and steatohepatitis and the underlying mechanism(s).Experimental ApproachBlood biochemistry and histopathology were assessed in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice treated with M2. An in vitro HepG2 cell model was used to study the mechanism of action. Immunoblotting, real‐time PCR and luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure target protein or gene expression levels.Key ResultsM2 treatment inhibited HFD‐induced steatohepatitis and diminished oxidative stress in liver. It increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in mitochondrial fuel oxidation. Mitochondrial DNA content and oxygen consumption rate were enhanced. Moreover, M2 treatment repressed activity of LXRα and induction of its target genes, indicating anti‐lipogenic effects. M2 activated AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Inhibition of AMPK by over‐expression of dominant negative AMPK (DN‐AMPK) or by Compound C prevented M2 from inducing genes for fatty acid oxidation and repressed sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) expression. M2 activated liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and increased the AMP/ATP ratio. LKB1 knockdown failed to reverse target protein modulations or AMPK activation by M2, supporting the proposal that both LKB1 and increased AMP/ATP ratio contribute to its anti‐steatotic effect.Conclusion and ImplicationsM2 inhibited liver steatosis and steatohepatitis by enhancing mitochondrial fuel oxidation and inhibiting lipogenesis. These effects reflected activation of AMPK elicited by increases in LKB1 activity and AMP/ATP ratio.
Gene expression of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in the hippocampal formation in human temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Eid Tore , Lee Tih‐Shih W. , Wang Yue , Peréz Edgar , Drummond Jana , Lauritzen Fredrik , Bergersen Linda H. , Meador‐Woodruff James H. , Spencer Dennis D. , de Lanerolle Nihal C. , McCullumsmith Robert E. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Increased interictal concentrations of extracellular hippocampal glutamate have been implicated in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Recent studies suggest that perturbations of the glutamate metabolizing enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG) may underlie the glutamate excess in TLE. However, the molecular mechanism of the enzyme perturbations remains unclear. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of GS and PAG could facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutics for TLE.Methods:  We used in situ hybridization on histologic sections to assess the distribution and quantity of messenger RNA (mRNA) for GS and PAG in subfields of hippocampal formations from the following: (1) patients with TLE and concomitant hippocampal sclerosis, (2) patients with TLE and no hippocampal sclerosis, and (3) nonepilepsy autopsy subjects.Key Findings:  GS mRNA was increased by ∼50% in the CA3 in TLE patients without hippocampal sclerosis versus in TLE patients with sclerosis and in nonepilepsy subjects. PAG mRNA was increased by >100% in the subiculum in both TLE patient categories versus in nonepilepsy subjects. PAG mRNA was also increased in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate hilus in TLE without hippocampal sclerosis versus in TLE with sclerosis. Finally, PAG mRNA was increased in the dentate gyrus in TLE with sclerosis versus in nonepilepsy subjects, and also increased in the hilus in TLE without sclerosis versus in TLE with sclerosis.Significance:  These findings demonstrate complex changes in the expression of mRNAs for GS and PAG in the hippocampal formation in TLE, and raise the possibility that both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms may underlie the regulation of GS and PAG proteins in the epileptic brain.
Noninvasive continuous functional near‐infrared spectroscopy combined with electroencephalography recording of frontal lobe seizures
Authors: Nguyen Dang Khoa , Tremblay Julie , Pouliot Philippe , Vannasing Phetsamone , Florea Olivia , Carmant Lionel , Lepore Franco , Sawan Mohamad , Lesage Frédéric , Lassonde Maryse 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose: To investigate spatial and metabolic changes associated with frontal lobe seizures.Methods: Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy combined with electroencephalography (EEG‐fNIRS) recordings of patients with confirmed nonlesional refractory frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE).Key Findings: Eighteen seizures from nine patients (seven male, mean age 27 years, range 13–46 years) with drug‐refractory FLE were captured during EEG‐fNIRS recordings. All seizures were coupled with significant hemodynamic variations that were greater with electroclinical than with electrical seizures. fNIRS helped in the identification of seizures in three patients with more subtle ictal EEG abnormalities. Hemodynamic changes consisted of local increases in oxygenated (HbO) and total hemoglobin (HbT) but heterogeneous deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) behavior. Furthermore, rapid hemodynamic alterations were observed in the homologous contralateral region, even in the absence of obvious propagated epileptic activity. The extent of HbO activation adequately lateralized the epileptogenic side in the majority of patients.Significance: EEG‐fNIRS reveals complex spatial and metabolic changes during focal frontal lobe seizures. Further characterization of these changes could improve seizure detection, localization, and understanding of the impact of focal seizures.
Postictal generalized EEG suppression is not associated with periictal cardiac autonomic instability in people with convulsive seizures
Authors: Lamberts Robert J. , Laranjo Sergio , Kalitzin Stiliyan N. , Velis Demetrios N. , Rocha Isabel , Sander Josemir W. , Thijs Roland D. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) seems to be a pathophysiologic hallmark in ictal recordings of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). It has recently been suggested that presence and duration of PGES might be a predictor of SUDEP risk. Little is known about the etiology of PGES.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective case–control study in 50 people with convulsive seizures (CS) recorded on digital video–electroencephalography (EEG). One CS per individual was reviewed for presence and duration of PGES by two independent observers: Preictal and postictal heart rate (HR) (1 min before seizure onset and 1, 3, 5, 15, and 30 min after seizure end) and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV), including the ratio of low frequency (LF) versus high frequency (HF) power, were analyzed. The relationship between PGES and periictal autonomic changes was evaluated, as well as its association with several clinical variables.Key Findings:  Thirty‐seven individuals (74%) exhibited PGES and 13 (26%) did not. CS resulted in a significant increase of periictal HR and the LF/HF ratio. PGES was associated with neither periictal HR (mean HR difference between PGES+ and PGES− seizures: −2 beats per minute [bpm], 95% confidence interval [CI] −10 to +6 bpm) nor HRV change. There was no association between the duration of PGES and periictal HR change. People with PGES were more likely to be asleep before seizure onset (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, 95% CI 1.2–18.3) and had a higher age of onset of epilepsy (median age 15 vs. 4 years).Significance:  PGES was not associated with substantial changes in measures of cardiac autonomic instability but was more prevalent in CS arising from sleep.
Self‐Healing Behavior of Barium–Lanthanum–Borosilicate Glass and Its Reactivity with Different Electrolytes for SOFC Applications
Authors: Kaur Gurbinder , Pandey Om P. , Singh Kulvir 
Published: November 2012

The diffusion couples of lanthanum‐based barium borosilicate glass with high‐ and low‐temperature electrolytes have been heat‐treated at 850°C and 800°C, respectively, for 5, 100 and 750 h. These prepared diffusion couples have been characterized using various techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray dot mapping, and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The thermodynamic parameters like frequency factor, crystallization constants, free volume, and bulk thermal expansion coefficients have been calculated to understand the behavior of glass. Interestingly, glass revealed self‐healing tendency with heat treatment duration.
Prevalence of neurocysticercosis among people with epilepsy in rural areas of Burkina Faso
Authors: Millogo Athanase , Nitiéma Pascal , Carabin Hélène , Boncoeur‐Martel Marie Paule , Rajshekhar Vedantam , Tarnagda Zékiba , Praet Nicolas , Dorny Pierre , Cowan Linda , Ganaba Rasmané , Hounton Sennen , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Cissé Rabiou 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose:  To estimate the lifetime prevalence of neurocysticercosis (NCC)–associated epilepsy and the proportion of NCC among people with epilepsy in three Burkina Faso villages.Methods:  Three villages were selected to represent three types of pig‐rearing methods: (1) Batondo, where pigs are left to roam; (2) Pabré, where pigs are mostly tethered or penned; and (3) Nyonyogo, where the majority of residents are Muslim and few pigs are raised. In Batondo and Nyonyogo, all concessions (a group of several households) were included. Half of the concessions in Pabré were randomly chosen. All households of selected concessions were included, and one person per household was randomly selected for epilepsy screening and serologic testing for cysticercosis. Self‐reported cases of epilepsy were also examined and confirmed cases included in analyses other than the estimate of NCC‐associated epilepsy prevalence. Epilepsy was defined as ever having had more than one episode of unprovoked seizures. Individuals with medically confirmed epilepsy had a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the brain before and after contrast medium injection. The diagnosis of NCC was made using a modification of the criteria of Del Brutto et al.Key Findings:  Thirty‐nine (4%) of 888 randomly selected villagers and 33 (94%) of 35 self‐reported seizures cases were confirmed to have epilepsy by medical examination. Among the 68 participants with epilepsy who had a CT scan, 20 patients were diagnosed with definitive or probable NCC for a proportion of 46.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.2–64.1) in Batondo and 45.5% (95% CI 19.0–74.1) in Pabré. No cases of NCC were identified in Nyonyogo.Significance:  All the definitive and probable cases of NCC were from the two villages where pig breeding is common. Prevention policies intended to reduce the burden of epilepsy in this country should include measures designed to interrupt the life cycle of Taenia solium.
The Components of Young Children's Emotion Knowledge: Which Are Enhanced by Adult Emotion Talk?
Authors: Salmon Karen , Evans Ian M. , Moskowitz Sophie , Grouden Melissa , Parkes Fiona , Miller Emily 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis research adopted observational and experimental paradigms to investigate the relationships between components of emotion knowledge in three‐ to four‐year‐old children. In Study 1, 88 children were assessed on the Emotion Matching Task (Morgan, Izard, & King), and two tasks requiring the generation of emotion labels and causes. Most tasks were significantly associated with age and language ability, and similar tasks were significantly but moderately correlated. In Study 2, 58 of these children were allocated to one of three conditions: emotion cause talk, in which they received four sessions of training focusing on emotion labels and causes; non‐emotion cause talk, focusing on causal relationships in general; or were allocated to a no‐training control. Children in the emotion causes condition showed improvement in their use of emotion labels but not other components of emotion knowledge. The findings suggest that, in three‐ to four‐year‐old children, emotion knowledge is constituted by related but separable components and that training in emotion language targets separate rather than all aspects of emotion knowledge.
Young Children's Affective Responses to Acceptance and Rejection From Peers: A Computer‐based Task Sensitive to Variation in Temperamental Shyness and Gender
Authors: Howarth Grace Z. , Guyer Amanda E. , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study presents a novel task examining young children's affective responses to evaluative feedback—specifically, social acceptance and rejection—from peers. We aimed to determine (1) whether young children report their affective responses to hypothetical peer evaluation predictably and consistently, and (2) whether young children's responses to peer evaluation vary as a function of temperamental shyness and gender. Four‐ to seven‐year‐old children (N = 48) sorted pictures of unknown, similar‐aged children into those with whom they wished or did not wish to play. Computerized peer evaluation later noted whether the pictured children were interested in a future playdate with participants. Participants then rated their affective responses to each acceptance or rejection event. Children were happy when accepted by children with whom they wanted to play, and disappointed when these children rejected them. Highly shy boys showed a wider range of responses to acceptance and rejection based on initial social interest, and may be particularly sensitive to both positive and negative evaluation. Overall, the playdate task captures individual differences in affective responses to evaluative peer feedback and is potentially amenable to future applications in research with young children, including pairings with psychophysiological measures.
Failure of action potential propagation in sensory neurons: mechanisms and loss of afferent filtering in C‐type units after painful nerve injury
Authors: Gemes Geza , Koopmeiners Andrew , Rigaud Marcel , Lirk Philipp , Sapunar Damir , Bangaru Madhavi Latha , Vilceanu Daniel , Garrison Sheldon R. , Ljubkovic Marko , Mueller Samantha J. , Stucky Cheryl L. , Hogan Quinn H. 
Published: November 2012

Key points
The peripheral terminals of sensory neurons encode physical and chemical signals into trains of action potentials (APs) and transmit these trains to the CNS.
Although modulation of this process is thought to predominantly reside at synapses, there are also indications that AP trains are incompletely propagated past points at which axons branch. One such site is the T‐junction, where the single sensory neuron axon branches into peripheral and central processes.
In recordings from sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia excised from adult rats, we identified use‐dependent failure of AP propagation between the peripheral and central processes that results in filtering of rapid AP trains, especially in C‐type neurons.
Propagation failure was regulated by membrane input resistance and Ca2+‐sensitive K+ and Cl− currents. Following peripheral nerve injury, T‐junction filtering is reduced in C‐type neurons, which may possibly contribute to pain generation.
Abstract  The T‐junction of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a potential impediment to action potential (AP) propagation towards the CNS. Using intracellular recordings from rat DRG neuronal somata during stimulation of the dorsal root, we determined that the maximal rate at which all of 20 APs in a train could successfully transit the T‐junction (following frequency) was lowest in C‐type units, followed by A‐type units with inflected descending limbs of the AP, and highest in A‐type units without inflections. In C‐type units, following frequency was slower than the rate at which AP trains could be produced in either dorsal root axonal segments or in the soma alone, indicating that the T‐junction is a site that acts as a low‐pass filter for AP propagation. Following frequency was slower for a train of 20 APs than for two, indicating that a cumulative process leads to propagation failure. Propagation failure was accompanied by diminished somatic membrane input resistance, and was enhanced when Ca2+‐sensitive K+ currents were augmented or when Ca2+‐sensitive Cl− currents were blocked. After peripheral nerve injury, following frequencies were increased in axotomized C‐type neurons and decreased in axotomized non‐inflected A‐type neurons. These findings reveal that the T‐junction in sensory neurons is a regulator of afferent impulse traffic. Diminished filtering of AP trains at the T‐junction of C‐type neurons with axotomized peripheral processes could enhance the transmission of activity that is ectopically triggered in a neuroma or the neuronal soma, possibly contributing to pain generation.
Coordinate Hyperproduction of SmeZ and SmeJK Efflux Pumps Extends Drug Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Gould Virginia C. , Okazaki Aki , Avison Matthew B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

A
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
mutant that coordinately hyper-expresses three resistance nodulation division-type efflux pump genes,
smeZ
,
smeJ
, and
smeK
, has been identified. SmeZ is responsible for elevating aminoglycoside MICs; SmeJ and SmeK are jointly responsible for elevating tetracycline, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin MICs and conferring levofloxacin resistance. One clinical isolate with this same phenotype was identified from a sample of six, and the isolate also coordinately hyper-expresses
smeZ
and
smeJK
, confirming the clinical relevance of our findings.
Clonal Composition and Community Clustering of Drug-Susceptible and -Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Adams-Sapper Sheila , Diep Binh An , Perdreau-Remington Francoise , Riley Lee W. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
strains belonging to a single lineage frequently account for a large proportion of extraintestinal
E. coli
infections in many parts of the world. However, limited information exists on the community prevalence and clonal composition of drug-susceptible
E. coli
strains. Between July 2007 and September 2010, we analyzed all consecutively collected Gram-negative bacterial isolates from patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) admitted to a public hospital in San Francisco for drug susceptibility and associated drug resistance genes. The
E. coli
isolates were genotyped for
fimH
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and multilocus sequence types (MLSTs). Among 539 isolates,
E. coli
accounted for 249 (46%); 74 (30%) of them were susceptible to all tested drugs, and 129 (52%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Only five MLST genotypes accounted for two-thirds of the
E. coli
isolates; the most common were ST131 (23%) and ST95 (18%). Forty-seven (92%) of 51 ST131 isolates, as opposed to only 8 (20%) of 40 ST95 isolates, were MDR (
P
< 0.0001). The Simpson's diversity index for drug-susceptible ST genotypes was 87%, while the index for MDR ST genotypes was 81%. ST95 strains were comprised of four
fimH
types, and one of these (
f-6
) accounted for 67% of the 21 susceptible isolates (
P
< 0.003). A large proportion (>70%) of both MDR and susceptible
E. coli
BSI isolates represented community-onset infections. These observations show that factors other than the selective pressures of antimicrobial agents used in hospitals contribute to community-onset extraintestinal infections caused by clonal groups of
E. coli
regardless of their drug resistance.
Novel Carbapenem Antibiotics for Parenteral and Oral Applications:
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activities of 2-Aryl Carbapenems and Their Pharmacokinetics in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Fujimoto Koichi , Takemoto Koji , Hatano Kazuo , Nakai Toru , Terashita Shigeyuki , Matsumoto Masahiro , Eriguchi Yoshiro , Eguchi Ken , Shimizudani Takeshi , Sato Kimihiko , Kanazawa Katsunori , Sunagawa Makoto , Ueda Yutaka 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

SM-295291 and SM-369926 are new parenteral 2-aryl carbapenems with strong activity against major causative pathogens of community-acquired infections such as methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(including penicillin-resistant strains),
Streptococcus pyogenes
,
Enterococcus faecalis
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Moraxella catarrhalis
,
Haemophilus influenzae
(including β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains), and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(including ciprofloxacin-resistant strains), with MIC
90
s of ≤1 μg/ml. Unlike tebipenem (MIC
50
, 8 μg/ml), SM-295291 and SM-369926 had no activity against hospital pathogens such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MIC
50
, ≥128 μg/ml). The bactericidal activities of SM-295291 and SM-369926 against penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae
and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant
H. influenzae
were equal or superior to that of tebipenem and greater than that of cefditoren. The therapeutic efficacies of intravenous administrations of SM-295291 and SM-369926 against experimentally induced infections in mice caused by penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae
and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant
H. influenzae
were equal or superior to that of tebipenem and greater than that of cefditoren, respectively, reflecting their
in vitro
activities. SM-295291 and SM-369926 showed intravenous pharmacokinetics similar to those of meropenem in terms of half-life in monkeys (0.4 h) and were stable against human dehydropeptidase I. SM-368589 and SM-375769, which are medoxomil esters of SM-295291 and SM-369926, respectively, showed good oral bioavailability in rats, dogs, and monkeys (4.2 to 62.3%). Thus, 2-aryl carbapenems are promising candidates that show an ideal broad spectrum for the treatment of community-acquired infections, including infections caused by penicillin-resistant
S. pneumoniae
and β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant
H. influenzae
, have low selective pressure on antipseudomonal carbapenem-resistant nosocomial pathogens, and allow parenteral, oral, and switch therapies.