bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the effect of housing provision on re‐offending
Authors: Ellison Mark , Fox Chris , Gains Adrian , Pollock Gary 
Published: January 2013

PurposeEstablished in 2007, Vision Housing is a small London‐based specialist housing provider working primarily with ex‐offenders. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of Vision Housing's provision of housing and support on re‐offending rates.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation design compared expected re‐offending rates after one year calculated using offender group reconviction scale (OGRS3) with actual reoffending rates after one year based on data from the police national computer (PNC). “Re‐offending” was defined in line with the current Ministry of Justice definition based on “proven re‐offending”.FindingsThe predicted rate of proven re‐offending for 400 clients referred to Vision over 12 months was 40.7 per cent. Their actual proven re‐offending rate over 12 months was 37.0 per cent. This is 3.7 percentage points less than the predicted proven re‐offending rate, equivalent to a 9.1 per cent reduction in proven re‐offending. This result was statistically significant. Analysis also suggested that Vision Housing is more successful with women; offenders under the age of 35; offenders referred by the Prison and Probation Service; offenders with a higher predicted risk of proven re‐offending; and offenders who had committed more serious offences.Research limitations/implicationsThe evaluation conducted to date does not include a comparison group and therefore has relatively low levels of internal validity.Practical implicationsThe authors are not aware of any UK studies of the impact of housing on re‐offending that have successfully used a more methodologically robust evaluation design. Until such studies are carried out, the results of the current study should be of great interest to policy‐makers and those delivering rehabilitative services to ex‐offenders in partnership with third sector organisations.Originality/valueThis study has produced evidence of the impact of housing on recidivism and quantified that impact.
The politicisation, dynamics and violence during Zimbabwe's land reform programme
Authors: Mutanda Darlington 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe aim of the article is to elucidate the political factors which motivated Zimbabwe's land reform that was forcibly initiated by the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) government in 2000.Design/methodology/approachThe research makes use of primary and secondary sources. The government of Zimbabwe parliamentary debates highlight the grievances raised by the people over land redistribution as early as 1980. The newspapers, internet and published material provide evidence pointing out to the political nature of the land reform.FindingsIt is apparent that the ZANU PF government was reluctant to address the land question despite the fact that many rural people were crowded in the reserves. It was in 2000 that ZANU PF awakened to its waning popularity after the referendum defeat which coincided with the formation of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in 1999. Land reform was used as a political weapon to thwart the MDC as evidenced by the brutal suppression of MDC activities countrywide.Social implicationsThe research proves that the victimisation of MDC members in Zimbabwe has made opposition politics a disastrous game. Starting in 2000, ZANU PF embarked on a mission to thwart opposition activism and the effects were deeply felt. Paramilitary groups such as the Second Chimurenga war veterans, Border Gezi “youths” and ZANU PF supporters took the lead in torturing and killing real and alleged MDC supporters. The MDC retaliated but with very limited success.Originality/valueThe paper provides unique insights into the political motives which encouraged Zimbabwe's land reform programme. The implications for practice provided herein are useful for policy makers in the country.
An exploration of sibling violence predictors
Authors: Carvalho Relva Inês , Monteiro Fernandes Otília , Pinheiro Mota Catarina 
Published: January 2013

PurposeSibling violence is generally considered to be the most prevalent form of family violence. This paper aims to examine the association between sibling violence and other forms of violence: parent‐to‐parent violence, parent‐to‐child violence and dating violence.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 590 Portuguese university students.FindingsThere was a strong positive association between sibling violence and other forms of family violence. Psychological and physical aggression is highly prevalent among siblings. Results also show that sibling violence is the most prevalent form of family violence. Regression models demonstrated that parent‐to‐child violence is a substantial predictor of sibling violence.Originality/valueThe results of this study point to the importance of studying the co‐occurrence of different forms of family violence.
Reshaping the undergraduate business curriculum and scholarship experiences in Australia to support whole‐person outcomes
Authors: Fish Alan 
Published: January 2013

PurposeIn the face of continued criticism from Australian higher education stakeholders regarding problems with undergraduate business education outcomes; it is notable that little change has occurred to the philosophy, and the learning and scholarship activity underpinning Australian undergraduate business education since the early 1970s. Exceptions of recent times though include The Universities of Melbourne (UM) and Western Australia (UWA), Macquarie University (MU) and The Australian Catholic University (ACU). The purpose of this paper is to comment on this criticism and critique existing Australian curriculums and scholarship practices, and offer a potentially more informed and improved pathway.Design/methodology/approachThe paper expresses a viewpoint in critiquing Australian undergraduate business practices; including external stakeholder commentary, and supports a renewed curriculum focusing on personal growth and the early career needs of business undergraduates.FindingsThe paper argues for a more informed foundation to the undergraduate business curriculum; to wit, the traditional Aristotelian classical liberal approach, including scholarship aspects which assist in enhancing student values.Research limitations/implicationsWhilst the paper is limited to Australia, implications exist for other Western and Asian higher education environments. The paper is also limited to undergraduate business education, but also has implications for other undergraduate disciplines.Originality/valueWhilst not entirely original in its approach; the paper seeks a more informed balance of teaching, learning and scholarship approaches away from the traditional studia divinitatis approach based in skills and specialised knowledge, in favour increased attention to a studia humanitatis perspective, in pursuit of three principles: intellectual enhancement, moral behaviour and aesthetic appreciation.
What determines immediate use of invasive ventilation in patients with COPD?
Authors: BERKIUS J. , SUNDH J. , NILHOLM L. , FREDRIKSON M. , WALTHER S. M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe choice between non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive ventilation in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) may be irrational. The aim of this study was to examine those patient characteristics, and circumstances deemed important in the choice made between NIV and invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe first examined 95 admissions of AECOPD patients on nine ICUs and identified variables associated with invasive ventilation. Thereafter, a questionnaire was sent to ICU personnel to study the relative importance of different factors with a possible influence on the decision to use invasive ventilation at once.ResultsUnivariable analysis showed that increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.06 per year] and increasing body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.11 per kg/m2) were associated with immediate invasive ventilation, while there was no such association with arterial blood gases or breath rate. BMI was the only factor that remained associated with immediate invasive ventilation in the multivariable analysis [OR 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.23) kg/m2]. Ranking of responses to the questionnaire showed that consciousness, respiratory symptoms and blood gases were powerful factors determining invasive ventilation, whereas high BMI and age were ranked low. Non‐patient‐related factors were also deemed important (physician in charge, presence of guidelines, ICU workload).ConclusionFactors other than those deemed most important in guidelines appear to have an inappropriate influence on the choice between NIV and immediate intubation in AECOPD in the ICU. These factors must be identified to further increase the appropriate use of NIV.
Is there an association between PONV and chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting?
Authors: ODDBY‐MUHRBECK E. , ÖBRINK E. , EKSBORG S. , ROTSTEIN S. , LÖNNQVIST P. A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDrug‐induced nausea and vomiting, both post‐operatively and following chemotherapy, is often distressing for the patients. Our clinical impression is that certain patients are not prone to but instead protected against both post‐operative and chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). If support for this hypothesis could be generated, it might be easier to identify such patients as low‐risk patients and judge all other patients as high‐risk patients by default.MethodsAll patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden during 1 year (March 2003–March 2004) were asked to participate in this prospective, observational study. A number of women went on to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Post‐operatively, patients were assessed for 24 h with regard to the occurrence of post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). CINV was assessed for 5 days after start of chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 275 women were included, 33% were classified as PONV and 67% as non‐PONV.Sixty‐one of the 275 women included were later subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy. In the non‐PONV group, 95% of the patients did not experience CINV, whereas the association between PONV and subsequent CINV was only 38%.ConclusionsA substantially stronger interrelationship was found between non‐PONV and non‐CINV than between both PONV and CINV. This may suggest that certain patients, instead of being prone to nausea and vomiting, in fact in some way are protected against these unpleasant side effects.
Genome‐wide linkage analysis for human longevity: Genetics of Healthy Aging Study
Authors: Beekman Marian , Blanché Hélène , Perola Markus , Hervonen Anti , Bezrukov Vladyslav , Sikora Ewa , Flachsbart Friederike , Christiansen Lene , De Craen Anton J. M. , Kirkwood Tom B. L. , Rea Irene Maeve , Poulain Michel , Robine Jean‐Marie , Valensin Silvana , Stazi Maria Antonietta , Passarino Giuseppe , Deiana Luca , Gonos Efstathios S. , Paternoster Lavinia , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Tan Qihua , Helmer Quinta , van den Akker Erik B. , Deelen Joris , Martella Francesca , Cordell Heather J. , Ayers Kristin L. , Vaupel James W. , Törnwall Outi , Johnson Thomas E. , Schreiber Stefan , Lathrop Mark , Skytthe Axel , Westendorp Rudi G. J. , Christensen Kaare , Gampe Jutta , Nebel Almut , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Slagboom Pieternella Eline , Franceschi Claudio ,   the GEHA consortium
Published: January 2013

SummaryClear evidence exists for heritability of human longevity, and much interest is focused on identifying genes associated with longer lives. To identify such longevity alleles, we performed the largest genome‐wide linkage scan thus far reported. Linkage analyses included 2118 nonagenarian Caucasian sibling pairs that have been enrolled in 15 study centers of 11 European countries as part of the Genetics of Healthy Aging (GEHA) project. In the joint linkage analyses, we observed four regions that show linkage with longevity; chromosome 14q11.2 (LOD = 3.47), chromosome 17q12‐q22 (LOD = 2.95), chromosome 19p13.3‐p13.11 (LOD = 3.76), and chromosome 19q13.11‐q13.32 (LOD = 3.57). To fine map these regions linked to longevity, we performed association analysis using GWAS data in a subgroup of 1228 unrelated nonagenarian and 1907 geographically matched controls. Using a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis approach, rs4420638 at the TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 gene locus showed significant association with longevity (P‐value = 9.6 × 10−8). By combined modeling of linkage and association, we showed that association of longevity with APOEε4 and APOEε2 alleles explain the linkage at 19q13.11‐q13.32 with P‐value = 0.02 and P‐value = 1.0 × 10−5, respectively. In the largest linkage scan thus far performed for human familial longevity, we confirm that the APOE locus is a longevity gene and that additional longevity loci may be identified at 14q11.2, 17q12‐q22, and 19p13.3‐p13.11. As the latter linkage results are not explained by common variants, we suggest that rare variants play an important role in human familial longevity.
Ultrasound‐guided femoral catheter placement: a randomised comparison of the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane techniques
Authors: Fredrickson M. J. , Danesh‐Clough T. K. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn‐plane vs out‐of‐plane needle‐probe alignment for perineural catheter placement remains controversial. Patients presenting for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to out‐of‐plane (n = 42) or in‐plane (n = 39) needle‐probe alignment for femoral nerve catheter placement, with both techniques using short‐axis nerve imaging. Twenty millilitres of ropivacaine 0.5% was administered via the catheter followed by a ropivacaine elastomeric infusion incorporating on‐demand boluses. All patients received pre‐operative single‐injection sciatic and obturator blocks and general anaesthesia. The primary outcome, numerically rated worst pain on movement (0–10) during the first 24 h, demonstrated equivalence within two points of the scale at a 5% significance level using two one‐sided tests (corresponding 90% CI −1.2 to 0.6). There were no differences between groups for all secondary outcomes, including numerically rated worst rest pain, ropivacaine bolus and tramadol consumption. These results suggest that for ultrasound‐guided femoral catheter placement using short‐axis nerve imaging, operators should use the needle‐probe alignment technique with which they are most familiar.
Jaguar and Puma Activity Patterns and Predator‐Prey Interactions in Four Brazilian Biomes
Authors: Foster Vania C. , Sarmento Pedro , Sollmann Rahel , Tôrres Natalia , Jácomo Anah T. A. , Negrões Nuno , Fonseca Carlos , Silveira Leandro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractJaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) coexist throughout the Neotropics. Using camera trapping in four Brazilian biomes, we compare the daily activity patterns of the jaguar and puma, and their relationships with their main prey species. We used a kernel density method to quantify daily activity patterns and to investigate overlap between these predators and their main prey. Both cats showed intensive nocturnal and crepuscular activity (0.69 and 0.14 kernel density, respectively, for jaguars; 0.68 and 0.19 kernel density, respectively, for pumas). Only in the Pantanal did we observe a pattern of concentrated diurnal activity for both species. We found little temporal segregation between jaguars and pumas, as they showed similar activity patterns with high coefficients of overlapping (average ∆1 = 0.86; SE = 0.15). We also observed a significant overlap between the activity patterns of the predators and their main prey species, suggesting that both predators adjust their activity to reduce their foraging energy expenditure. Our findings suggest that temporal partitioning is probably not a generalized mechanism of coexistence between jaguars and pumas; instead, the partitioning of habitat/space use and food resources may play a larger role in mediating top predator coexistence. Knowledge about these behavior aspects is crucial to elucidating the factors that enable coexistence of jaguars and pumas. Furthermore, an understanding of their respective activity periods is relevant to management and associated research efforts.
‘Other children say you're not normal because you don't live with your parents’. Children's views of living with informal kinship carers: social networks, stigma and attachment to carers
Authors: Farmer Elaine , Selwyn Julie , Meakings Sarah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOur re‐analysis of census data shows that 95% of kinship arrangements are ‘informal’, i.e. made outside the formal child welfare system. Interviews with 80 children aged 8–18 years in informal kinship care and their carers showed that most children were well attached to their kin carers, but one‐third had been taunted or bullied because they did not live with their parents. Many children tightly controlled who knew about this potentially stigmatizing information. Most children had good numbers of adults and children in their social networks, and for three‐fifths, their parents were still key figures in their lives. The children who regarded few people as very important to them significantly more often lived with older kin carers (many of whom were in poor health), were more often anxious and depressed, and did not talk about their living situation to others. A considerable number of children worried about their carers’ poor health and about their own future if they died. The significance of these findings for statutory and voluntary services is discussed.
Professional foster carer and committed parent: role conflict and role enrichment at the interface between work and family in long‐term foster care
Authors: Schofield Gillian , Beek Mary , Ward Emma , Biggart Laura 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the literature on work–family balance, role and boundary issues are commonly discussed in relation to parents who work outside of the home. Work and family are considered as two different spheres of activity, with different role identities and cultural meanings. For foster carers, however, in very significant ways, their family is their work and their work is their family – so roles are not so clearly separated and boundaries are not so clearly defined. This paper reviews theoretical approaches to the work–family interface and draws on qualitative data from 40 interviews with long‐term foster carers. It provides an analysis of their accounts of their roles as professional carers and/or committed parents to explore how they manage different and potentially contradictory role identities. The study found that foster carers primarily identified as carers or as parents, but that some foster carers could move flexibly between these roles while others could not. For foster carers who could be flexible, the two roles enriched each other rather than causing stress and role conflict. Implications for supporting professional foster carers who can also meet the parenting needs of long‐term foster children are discussed.
Making sense of siblings: connections and severances in post‐adoption contact
Authors: Cossar Jeanette , Neil Elsbeth 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSociological and anthropological studies of kinship have examined adoption as a test case for understanding the complex combinations of biological and social ties that constitute kinship. Adoption sets up an ‘adoption kinship network’ between birth family and adoptive family members. Contact after adoption poses challenges for adoptive families and birth relatives in negotiating changing kinship ties. This paper examines the experience of post‐adoption direct sibling contact from the perspectives of adoptive parents and birth relatives, including adult siblings. Interviews were carried out with 51 adoptive parents, four long‐term foster carers and with 39 birth relatives. The analysis revealed the complex multiple family networks that exist between adoptive families and the families of the adopted child's birth siblings. These networks connect some siblings, but sever connections with others. Where direct contact occurs, infrequent meetings mean that regular, repeated interactions normally considered to constitute ‘family practices’ are absent, in some cases creating barriers to feelings of kinship. Implications for adoption and contact support services are discussed.
Two‐Stage Recovery of Amphibian Assemblages Following Selective Logging of Tropical Forests
Authors: ADUM GILBERT BAASE , EICHHORN MARKUS PETER , ODURO WILLIAM , OFORI‐BOATENG CALEB , RÖDEL MARK‐OLIVER 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere is a lack of quantitative information on the effectiveness of selective‐logging practices in ameliorating effects of logging on faunal communities. We conducted a large‐scale replicated field study in 3 selectively logged moist semideciduous forests in West Africa at varying times after timber extraction to assess post logging effects on amphibian assemblages. Specifically, we assessed whether the diversity, abundance, and assemblage composition of amphibians changed over time for forest‐dependent species and those tolerant of forest disturbance. In 2009, we sampled amphibians in 3 forests (total of 48 study plots, each 2 ha) in southwestern Ghana. In each forest, we established plots in undisturbed forest, recently logged forest, and forest logged 10 and 20 years previously. Logging intensity was constant across sites with 3 trees/ha removed. Recently logged forests supported substantially more species than unlogged forests. This was due to an influx of disturbance‐tolerant species after logging. Simultaneously Simpson's index decreased, with increased in dominance of a few species. As time since logging increased richness of disturbance‐tolerant species decreased until 10 years after logging when their composition was indistinguishable from unlogged forests. Simpson's index increased with time since logging and was indistinguishable from unlogged forest 20 years after logging. Forest specialists decreased after logging and recovered slowly. However, after 20 years amphibian assemblages had returned to a state indistinguishable from that of undisturbed forest in both abundance and composition. These results demonstrate that even with low‐intensity logging (≤3 trees/ha) a minimum 20‐year rotation of logging is required for effective conservation of amphibian assemblages in moist semideciduous forests. Furthermore, remnant patches of intact forests retained in the landscape and the presence of permanent brooks may aid in the effective recovery of amphibian assemblages.Recuperación de Ensambles de Anfibios en Dos Etapas Después de la Tala Selectiva de Bosques Tropicales
Malignant epithelial tumors: Part II. Therapy and prevention
Authors: Manousaridis Ioannis , Leverkus Martin 
Published: January 2013

SummaryA multitude of surgical and non‐surgical therapies are available to treat malignant epithelial tumors of the skin. The article summarizes the current treatment options for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma. Moreover, the possibilities of primary and secondary prevention for high‐risk patients are reviewed. The decision about the best therapeutic option depends on location, age, and general health of the patient as well as the risk of tumor recurrence.