bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pristine stratospheric collection of interplanetary dust on an oil‐free polyurethane foam substrate
Authors: Messenger Scott , Nakamura‐Messenger Keiko , Keller Lindsay P. , Clemett Simon J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe performed chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic studies of the first interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the stratosphere without the use of silicone oil. The collection substrate, polyurethane foam, effectively traps impacting particles, but the lack of an embedding medium results in significant particle fragmentation. Two dust particles found on the collector exhibit the typical compositional and mineralogical properties of chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles (CP‐IDPs). Hydrogen and nitrogen isotopic imaging revealed isotopic anomalies of typical magnitude and spatial variability observed in previous CP‐IDP studies. Oxygen isotopic imaging shows that individual mineral grains and glass with embedded metal and sulfide (GEMS) grains are dominated by solar system materials. No systematic differences are observed in element abundance patterns of GEMS grains from the dry collection versus silicone oil‐collected IDPs. This initial study establishes the validity of a new IDP collection substrate that avoids the use of silicone oil as a collection medium, removing the need for this problematic contaminant and the organic solvents necessary to remove it. Additional silicone oil‐free collections of this type are needed to determine more accurate bulk element abundances of IDPs and to examine the indigenous soluble organic components of IDPs.
Seeking signatures of reinforcement at the genetic level: a hitchhiking mapping and candidate gene approach in the house mouse
Authors: Smadja Carole M. , Loire Etienne , Caminade Pierre , Thoma Marios , Latour Yasmin , Roux Camille , Thoss Michaela , Penn Dustin J. , Ganem Guila , Boursot Pierre 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReinforcement is the process by which prezygotic isolation is strengthened as a response to selection against hybridization. Most empirical support for reinforcement comes from the observation of its possible phenotypic signature: an accentuated degree of prezygotic isolation in the hybrid zone as compared to allopatry. Here, we implemented a novel approach to this question by seeking for the signature of reinforcement at the genetic level. In the house mouse, selection against hybrids and enhanced olfactory‐based assortative mate preferences are observed in a hybrid zone between the two European subspeciesMus musculus musculusandM. m. domesticus, suggesting a possible recent reinforcement event. To test for the genetic signature of reinforcing selection and identify genes involved in sexual isolation, we adopted a hitchhiking mapping approach targeting genomic regions containing candidate genes for assortative mating in mice. We densely scanned these genomic regions in hybrid zone and allopatric samples using a large number of fast evolving microsatellite loci that allow the detection of recent selection events. We found a handful of loci showing the expected pattern of significant reduction in variability in populations close to the hybrid zone, showing assortative odour preference in mate choice experiments as compared to populations further away and displaying no such preference. These loci lie close to genes that we pinpoint as testable candidates for further investigation.
Why Have U.S. Prices Become Independent of Business Cycles?
Authors: Gu Gyun Cheol 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the issue of price cyclicality from a Post Keynesian perspective. It shows that there are two key factors at the center of the mechanism for the sudden U.S. transition from counter‐cyclical to a‐cyclical price movement in the early 1980s. First, the cost pass‐through policy has been changed to ensure that the cyclical changes of input prices and/or labor productivity are absorbed more thoroughly and are thus reflected more frequently in profit markups than occurred prior to 1984. This relatively increased adaptability of the profit markups in the aggregate sense between the pricing periods cushions the direct effect of cyclical changes in the cost base on price cyclicality. Second, a structural change in the U.S. labor productivity's cyclical property has generated cost‐base stability during the post‐1984 period. Declines in hiring and firing costs and cutbacks in social security benefits have led the labor discipline effect to dominate the labor hoarding effect. This has allowed labor productivity to increase as the unemployment rate rises; thus, the cost base cyclicality has weakened, and prices have become less cyclical since 1984.
Experimental Multimarket Contact Inhibits Cooperation
Authors: Yang Junho , Kawamura Tetsuya , Ogawa Kazuhito 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWe experimentally examine the effect of multimarket contact utilizing 2 × 2 Prisoner's Dilemma games and a strict discount factor control. We find that cooperation rates when participants play both games simultaneously are lower than or equal to when they play each game separately. This finding suggests that experimental multimarket contact may inhibit cooperation.
MYSTERIES OF THE HUMAN FETUS REVEALED
Authors: Sandman Curt A. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe impressive program of research from the DiPietro laboratory succeeds in its aim to document the ontogeny of human fetal neurobehavioral development. From studies of great depth and breadth, and wielding creative methods of assessment, DiPietro et al. open a window into the largely inaccessible developing human fetal brain. This commentary, with reference to the seminal cardiovascular studies of the Laceys, supports the measures of the fetal heart to index fetal well‐being and to provide evidence of stimulus processing. A separate case is made that the DiPietro program provides unique and invaluable information for assessing the influential Developmental Origins of Health and Disease or Fetal Programming Models. The goal of these models, to predict or understand the influences of early experience or response patterns on later postnatal life, is identical to the ultimate goal of the DiPietro program. Because human fetal behavior is uncontaminated by socialization or parenting or peers, it may be the best reflection of fetal exposures. The remarkable neurobehavioral profiles generated by the DiPietro program can make a critical contribution to the Fetal Programming Model in terms of sensitive and critical periods of nervous system vulnerability and to specify gestational periods of neurobehavioral risk.
Polycistronic artificial miRNA‐mediated resistance to Wheat dwarf virus in barley is highly efficient at low temperature
Authors: Kis András , Tholt Gergely , Ivanics Milán , Várallyay Éva , Jenes Barnabás , Havelda Zoltán 
Published: July 2015

SummaryInfection of Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) strains on barley results in dwarf disease, imposing severe economic losses on crop production. As the natural resistance resources against this virus are limited, it is imperative to elaborate a biotechnological approach that will provide effective and safe immunity to a wide range of WDV strains. Because vector insect‐mediated WDV infection occurs during cool periods in nature, it is important to identify a technology which is effective at lower temperature. In this study, we designed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) using a barley miRNA precursor backbone, which target different conservative sequence elements of the WDV strains. Potential amiRNA sequences were selected to minimize the off‐target effects and were tested in a transient sensor system in order to select the most effective constructs at low temperature. On the basis of the data obtained, a polycistronic amiRNA precursor construct (VirusBuster171) was built expressing three amiRNAs simultaneously. The construct was transformed into barley under the control of a constitutive promoter. The transgenic lines were kept at 12–15 °C to mimic autumn and spring conditions in which major WDV infection and accumulation take place. We were able to establish a stable barley transgenic line displaying resistance to insect‐mediated WDV infection. Our study demonstrates that amiRNA technology can be an efficient tool for the introduction of highly efficient resistance in barley against a DNA virus belonging to the Geminiviridae family, and this resistance is effective at low temperature where the natural insect vector mediates the infection process.
Tubulointerstitial lesions in lupus nephritis: International multicentre study in a large cohort of patients with repeat biopsy
Authors: Pagni Fabio , Galimberti Stefania , Galbiati Eleonora , Rebora Paola , Pietropaolo Veronica , Pieruzzi Federico , Smith Andrew James , Ferrario Franco 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe glomerulocentric International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification is the gold standard for the evaluation of lupus nephritis, while tubulointerstitial (TIN) parameters are often under‐recognized in pathological reports.MethodsRenal biopsies from 142 patients who underwent repeat biopsy (RB) were evaluated for the following histological parameters: (i) inflammatory interstitial infiltrates; (ii) interstitial fibrosis; (iii) tubulitis; and (iv) tubular atrophy. The inter‐relationships between the four TIN variables were explored by multivariate analysis. A linear mixed model was used to investigate the potential impact of TIN variables on eGFR and proteinuria at the two biopsy occasions.ResultsThe study showed that moderate‐severe lesions were not so frequent at the reference biopsy, but more extensively represented upon RB. A strong association was found between the two inflammatory indices and between those related to chronic damage, while the relationship with the ISN/RPS classification was present at RB. If class IV‐G was the most related with TIN (especially at RB), the existence of primary TIN in class II patients was also confirmed. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that tubulitis is an independent predictive factor for eGFR.ConclusionsWe recommend that the standard histological evaluation of SLE nephritis also includes TIN features.
Intraoperative biomarkers in renal transplantation
Authors: Lohkamp Laura‐Nanna , Öllinger Robert , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Illigens Ben Min‐Woo , Siepmann Timo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe emerging need for biomarkers in the management of renal transplantation is highlighted by the severity of related complications such as acute renal failure and ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and by the increasing efforts to identify novel markers of these events to predict and monitor delayed graft function (DGF) and long‐term outcome. In clinical studies candidate markers such as kidney injury molecule‐1, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and interleukin‐18 have been demonstrated to be valid biomarkers with high predictive value for DFG in a post‐transplant setting. However, studies investigating biomarkers for early diagnosis of IRI and assumable DGF as well as identification of potential graft recipients at increased risk at the time point of transplantation lack further confirmation and translation into clinical practice. This review summarizes the current literature on the value of IRI biomarkers in outcome prediction following renal transplantation as well their capacity as surrogate end points from an intraoperative perspective.
Prenatal antibiotic use and risk of childhood wheeze/asthma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Desheng , Su Hong , Cheng Jian , Wang Xu , Xie Mingyu , Li Kesheng , Wen Liying , Yang Huihui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundExisting body of knowledge suggests that antibiotic use during pregnancy was inconsistently associated with childhood wheeze/asthma. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to antibiotic during pregnancy could increase the risk for childhood wheeze/asthma using a comprehensive meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched for studies up to September 10, 2014, and additional studies were found by searching reference lists of relevant articles. For this meta‐analysis, cohort studies and case–control studies assessing the association between antibiotic use during pregnancy and risk of childhood wheeze/asthma were included. Extracted data were mainly pooled using random‐effects model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS).ResultsTen studies were identified in final analysis. Pooling analysis of these studies showed an OR of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.13–1.27) for wheeze/asthma. After excluding case–control studies and prospective studies without achieving high scores on the NOS, the pooled OR was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.11–1.26). We found the risk of antibiotic use and pooled ORs of wheeze/asthma were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.92–1.29) for the first trimester, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.01–1.29) for the second trimester, and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.11–1.60) for the third trimester, respectively.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheeze/asthma in childhood. Besides, the risk of developing wheeze/asthma in childhood was marked during last two trimesters of pregnancy. Future studies of large‐size and prospective cohorts which adequately address concerns for confounder bias are needed to examine the relationship between antibiotic use and risk of childhood asthma.
Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to understand natural leaf senescence in sunflower
Authors: Moschen Sebastián , Bengoa Luoni Sofía , Di Rienzo Julio A. , Caro María del Pilar , Tohge Takayuki , Watanabe Mutsumi , Hollmann Julien , González Sergio , Rivarola Máximo , García‐García Francisco , Dopazo Joaquin , Hopp Horacio Esteban , Hoefgen Rainer , Fernie Alisdair R. , Paniego Norma , Fernández Paula , Heinz Ruth A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryLeaf senescence is a complex process, which has dramatic consequences on crop yield. In sunflower, gap between potential and actual yields reveals the economic impact of senescence. Indeed, sunflower plants are incapable of maintaining their green leaf area over sustained periods. This study characterizes the leaf senescence process in sunflower through a systems biology approach integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses: plants being grown under both glasshouse and field conditions. Our results revealed a correspondence between profile changes detected at the molecular, biochemical and physiological level throughout the progression of leaf senescence measured at different plant developmental stages. Early metabolic changes were detected prior to anthesis and before the onset of the first senescence symptoms, with more pronounced changes observed when physiological and molecular variables were assessed under field conditions. During leaf development, photosynthetic activity and cell growth processes decreased, whereas sucrose, fatty acid, nucleotide and amino acid metabolisms increased. Pathways related to nutrient recycling processes were also up‐regulated. Members of the NAC, AP2‐EREBP, HB, bZIP and MYB transcription factor families showed high expression levels, and their expression level was highly correlated, suggesting their involvement in sunflower senescence. The results of this study thus contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of leaf senescence in sunflower leaves as well as to the identification of candidate genes involved in this process.
Facial expression perception correlates with verbal working memory function in schizophrenia
Authors: Hagiya Kumiko , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Kanie Ayako , Pu Shenghong , Kaneko Koichi , Mogami Tamiko , Oshima Sachie , Niwa Shin‐ichi , Inagaki Akiko , Ikebuchi Emi , Kikuchi Akiko , Yamasaki Syudo , Iwata Kazuhiko , Nakagome Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2015

AimsFacial emotion perception is considered to provide a measure of social cognition. Numerous studies have examined the perception of emotion in patients with schizophrenia, and the majority has reported impaired ability to recognize facial emotion perception. We aimed to investigate the correlation between facial expression recognition and other domains of social cognition and neurocognition in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.MethodsParticipants were 52 patients with schizophrenia and 53 normal controls with no history of psychiatric diseases. All participants completed the Hinting Task and the Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was administered only to the patients. Facial emotion perception measured by the Facial Emotion Selection Test (FEST) was compared between the patients and normal controls.ResultsPatients performed significantly worse on the FEST compared to normal control subjects. The FEST total score was significantly positively correlated with scores of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia attention subscale, Hinting Task, Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire Verbal Working Memory and Metacognition subscales. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that verbal working memory function was positively related to the facial emotion perception ability in patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThese results point to the concept that facial emotion perception and some types of working memory use common cognitive resources. Our findings may provide implications for cognitive rehabilitation and related interventions in schizophrenia.
Sexual attractiveness shared by both sexes mediates same‐sex sexual behaviour in the parasitoid wasp Telenomus triptus
Authors: Todoroki Yusuke , Mochizuki Ko , Numata Hideharu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe mating behaviour of a quasi‐gregarious egg parasitoid Telenomus triptus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), which exploits egg masses of a stink bug Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is examined in the laboratory. In this parasitoid wasp, male adults that emerge earlier stay at the natal egg mass and mate with subsequently emerging females. In the present study, a male adult that encounters the emergence of another male always waits for it to egress, and then mounts the newly emerging male. To examine why males of T. triptus show same‐sex sexual behaviour, male adults are presented with a parasitized host egg mass or a freshly killed wasp. Male adults are observed to remain at host egg masses from which only male wasp(s) had emerged. In addition, male adults attempt to copulate with freshly killed young male wasps. It is suggested that newly emerging male wasps are targets of same‐sex sexual behaviour because they possess cues for male sexual behaviour similar to the cues of females. Both the sex and age of freshly killed wasps affect the frequency of the sexual behaviour of male adults: females are more attractive than males, although their attractiveness declines with age. When the mating opportunity is restricted to the natal egg mass, the costs of failing to notice newly emerging female adults should be extremely high. Therefore, males are forced not to discriminate the sex, resulting in same‐sex sexual behaviour.
DNA Ligases I and III Support Nucleotide Excision Repair in DT40 Cells with Similar Efficiency
Authors: Paul‐Konietzko Katja , Thomale Juergen , Arakawa Hiroshi , Iliakis George 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells helix‐distorting DNA lesions like cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6–4 pyrimidine‐pyrimidone photoproducts (6–4 PPs) are efficiently removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER). NER is a multistep process where in the end, subsequent to replication over the gap, the remaining nick is sealed by a DNA ligase. Lig1 has been implicated as the major DNA ligase in NER. Recently, Lig3 has been implicated as a component of a NER subpathway that operates in dividing cells, but which becomes particularly important in nondividing cells. Here, we use DT40 cells and powerful gene targeting approaches for generating DNA ligase mutants to examine the involvement and contribution of Lig1 and Lig3 in NER using cell survival measured by colony formation, and repair kinetics of CPD by immunofluorescence microscopy and immuno‐slot‐blotting. Our results demonstrate an impressive and previously undocumented potential of Lig3 to substitute for Lig1 in removing helix‐distorting DNA lesions by NER in proliferating cells. We show for the first time in a clean genetic background a functional redundancy in NER between Lig1 and Lig3, which appears to be cell cycle independent and which is likely to contribute to the stability of vertebrate genomes.
Alternative inoculum sources for fire blight: the potential role of fruit mummies and non‐host plants
Authors: Weißhaupt S. , Köhl L. , Kunz S. , Hinze M. , Ernst M. , Schmid A. , Voegele R. T. 
Published: July 2015

Fire blight is the most damaging bacterial disease in apple production worldwide. Cankers and symptomless infected shoots are known as sites for the overwintering of Erwinia amylovora, subsequently providing primary inoculum for infection in the spring. In the present work, further potential sources of inoculum were investigated. Real‐time PCR assays covering a 3‐year‐period classified 19·9% of samples taken from fruit mummies as positive. Bacterial abundance in fruit mummies during autumn, winter and spring was up to 109 cells per gram of tissue and correlated well with later infection rates of blossoms. Blossoms of non‐host plants growing close to infected trees were also shown to be colonized by E. amylovora and to enable epiphytic survival and propagation of bacteria. The results indicate a potential role of fruit mummies and buds in overwintering and as a source of primary inoculum for dissemination of the pathogen early in the growing season. Non‐host blossoms may also serve as an inoculum source in the build‐up of the pathogen population. Both aspects may contribute significantly to the epidemiology of E. amylovora. The significance of infected rootstocks as an inoculum source is also discussed. Fruit mummies might be used to determine pathogen pressure in an orchard before the beginning of the blooming period.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Scores of the Millennium Cohort Study Children in England UsingM-Quantile Random-Effects Regression
Authors: Tzavidis Nikos , Salvati Nicola , Schmid Timo , Flouri Eirini , Midouhas Emily 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMultilevel modelling is a popular approach for longitudinal data analysis. Statistical models conventionally target a parameter at the centre of a distribution. However, when the distribution of the data is asymmetric, modelling other location parameters, e.g. percentiles, may be more informative. We present a new approach, M-quantile random-effects regression, for modelling multilevel data. The proposed method is used for modelling location parameters of the distribution of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire scores of children in England who participate in the Millennium Cohort Study. Quantile mixed models are also considered. The analyses offer insights to child psychologists about the differential effects of risk factors on children's outcomes.