bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Postoperative Weight Changes following Reduction Mammaplasty in Adolescents
Authors: Doyle William N. , Jacobs Aaron , Duka Shae , Wojcik Randolph , Murphy Robert X. , Miles Marshall 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Macromastia can limit a woman’s ability to exercise. Reduction mammaplasty has been reported to subjectively improve exercise capability and stimulate weight loss. Considering the lack of published quantitative data, the authors sought to examine change in weight and body mass index (BMI) in adolescent women following reduction mammaplasty.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed of patients younger than 21 years who underwent reduction mammaplasty at the authors’ institution from 2015 through 2019.

Results:
Fifty-six patients with follow-up weight measurements were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 46.0 months. Only 22 patients (39.3%) experienced a decrease in BMI at final follow-up compared with baseline. Patients classified as having a healthy weight preoperatively (BMI, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) experienced a significant increase in BMI at 2-year, 3-year, 5-year, and final postoperative follow-up visits, compared with baseline. Patients classified as overweight (BMI, 25.0 to 29.99 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2) did not experience significant BMI change at final postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions:
BMI and weight trended upward postoperatively regardless of BMI classification. Reduction mammaplasty alone is not sufficient to stimulate weight loss. Healthy lifestyle changes should be encouraged to help prevent weight gain in adolescent women following reduction mammaplasty.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Effectiveness of Agomelatine in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Comorbid to Bipolar 1 Disorder in a Male Adolescent Patient
Authors: Kaçar Aysu , Karakuş Oğuz Bilal , Aydın Zeynep Ece , Adak İbrahim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Anxiety comorbidity in bipolar disorder (BD) is important and thus significantly affects the course of BD and its outcomes. The treatment of generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with BD involves certain challenges, as antidepressant medications, which are standard in the treatment of anxiety disorder, have the risk of shifting to manic episodes and rapid cycling. In this case report, the response to agomelatine treatment in generalized anxiety disorder comorbid with bipolar 1 disorder was evaluated.
The effects of food-based versus supplement-based very low-energy diets on gut microbiome composition and health outcomes in women with high body mass index (The MicroFit Study): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lane Melissa M , McGuinness Amelia J , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Loughman Amy , O’Hely Martin , O’Neil Adrienne , Batti Jessica , Kotowicz Mark A , Berk Michael , Saunders Lucy , Page Richard , Beatti Sally , Marx Wolfgang , Jacka Felice N 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of consuming food-based versus supplement-based very low-energy diet (VLED) programs on gut microbiome composition in women with a high body mass index (BMI).DesignAn investigator-initiated, single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled-feeding trial with computer-generated 1:1 randomisation. From May 2021 to February 2022, women aged 30– 65 years with BMI 30–45 kg/m2were recruited from southwest Victoria, Australia, and randomised to a three-week food-based or supplement-based VLED program. The primary outcome was between-group differential change in faecal microbiome alpha diversity (Shannon index) from baseline to week three, assessed using shotgun metagenomics. Outcome assessors, study investigators, and analysing statisticians were blinded to group allocation until analysis completion. Allocation concealment was managed by an independent researcher using a computer software system. Modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analyses using linear mixed-effects regression models estimated mean between-group differential changes, reported as beta-coefficient point estimates (β) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adjusted for multiple comparisons.ResultsForty-seven participants were randomised (food-based: n=23, supplement-based: n=24). Of the 45 participants analysed, there was a between-group differential change in the Shannon index (mITT β: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.60) from baseline to week three, with a greater increase in the food-based group (mean change: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.44; n=23) versus supplement-based group (mean change: −0.10, 95%CI: −0.25 to 0.05; n=22). There were 27 non-serious adverse events (food-based: 8, supplement-based: 19), all non-serious.ConclusionA food-based VLED, with more whole food components and fewer highly processed industrial ingredients, increases gut microbiome diversity more than a supplement-based VLED.Summary BoxWhat is already known on this topicDietary interventions can alter gut microbiome composition, but the impact of food processing, including in nutritionally balanced very low energy diets (VLEDs), is less understood.What this study addsThis study shows that a food-based VLED, with more whole food components and fewer highly processed industrial ingredients, increases gut microbiome diversity more than a supplement-based VLED.How this study might affect research, practice, or policy. Summarise the implications of this studyOur findings underscore the need for further research into how specific components and attributes of diets, both including and beyond nutritional composition, influence the gut microbiome.
ESPClust: Unsupervised identification of modifiers for the effect size profile in omics association studies
Authors: Pérez-Reche Francisco J. , Cheetham Nathan J. , Bowyer Ruth C.E. , Thompson Ellen J. , Tettamanzi Francesca , Menni Cristina , Steves Claire J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh-throughput omics technologies have revolutionised the identification of associations between individual traits and underlying biological characteristics, but still use ‘one effect-size fits all’ approaches. While covariates are often used, their potential as effect modifiers often remains unexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce ESPClust, a novel unsupervised method designed to identify covariates that modify the effect size of associations between sets of omics variables and outcomes. By extending the concept of moderators to encompass multiple exposures, ESPClust analyses the effect size profile (ESP) to identify regions in covariate space with different ESP, enabling the discovery of subpopulations with distinct associations. Applying ESPClust to insulin resistance and COVID-19 symptom manifestation, we demonstrate its versatility and ability to uncover nuanced effect size modifications that traditional analyses may overlook. By integrating information from multiple exposures, ESPClust identifies effect size modifiers in datasets that are too small for traditional univariate stratified analyses. This method provides a robust framework for understanding complex omics data and holds promise for personalised medicine.
Audio-Visual Stimulation Therapy for Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tabacof Laura , Howard Rebecca , Bower Jeffrey , Breyman Erica , Dewil Sophie , Tosto-Mancuso Jenna , Hanbury Richard , Carmouche Brandon , Robberson Mark , Fry Adam , Putrino David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeuropathic Pain (NP) affects 10% of the general population, decreasing quality of life for millions of Americans and contributing to higher physical and mental health care costs. The most widely used treatments for NP involve medications that show limitations in efficacy and burdensome side effects. This randomized controlled trial explored the efficacy of a wearable Audio-Visual Stimulation neuromodulation device (Sana) as a novel intervention for chronic NP in 64 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 8-weeks of daily use of the assigned Sana or Sham device, and after 4 weeks of discontinued use. For the main outcome (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory total), there were statistically significant improvements in the Active arm that were greater than those in the Sham Arm at Week-14 (Mean Difference = 10.04, p = 0.01). Both groups showed significant improvements at the end of the treatment period (Week-10), and the Active arm maintained this improvement after an additional 4 weeks of non-use, while the Sham arm almost returned to baseline (Active Change = 13.26, p <=0.001 | Sham Change = 3.22, p = 0.214). Participants in the Active arm had significant decreases in use of anxiolytic, opiate, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant medications compared to the Sham arm. The study provides strong evidence supporting the efficacy of a novel AVS Device in generating durable improvements in NP, with superiority over Sham at 14 weeks. The Sana device may also reduce the reliance on pain medications and is a safe and easy to use treatment option for patients.
Spatiotemporal Trends of Birth Defects in North Carolina, 2003-2015
Authors: Lu Haidong , Olshan Andrew F. , Serre Marc L. , Anthony Kurtis M. , Fry Rebecca C. , Forestieri Nina E. , Keil Alexander P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBirth defects are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, but little is known about causes of many types of birth defects. Spatiotemporal disease mapping to identify high-prevalence areas, is a potential strategy to narrow the search for potential environmental and other causes that aggregate over space and time. We described the spatial and temporal trends of the prevalence of birth defects in North Carolina during 2003-2015, using data on live births obtained from the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program. By employing a Bayesian space-time Poisson model, we estimated spatial and temporal trends of non-chromosomal and chromosomal birth defects. During 2003-2015, 52,524 (3.3%) of 1,598,807 live births had at least one recorded birth defect. The prevalence of non-chromosomal birth defects decreased from 3.8% in 2003 to 2.9% in 2015. Spatial modeling suggested a large geographic variation in non-chromosomal birth defects at census-tract level, with the highest prevalence in south-eastern North Carolina. The strong spatial heterogeneity revealed in this work allowed to identify geographic areas with higher prevalence of non-chromosomal birth defects in North Carolina. This variation will help inform future research focused on epidemiologic studies of birth defects to identify etiologic factors.
Effectiveness of XBB.1.5 monovalent COVID-19 vaccine against COVID-19 mortality in Australians aged 65 years and older during August 2023 to February 2024
Authors: Liu Bette , Scaria Anish , Stepien Sandrine , Macartney Kristine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on the effectiveness of the SARS-CoV-2 monovalent XBB.1.5 variant vaccine against COVID-19 mortalityMethodsWe used Australian census data linked to the Australian Immunisation Register and death registrations to estimate COVID-19 booster effectiveness according to booster type and recency in adults aged 65+ years in Australia during August 2023-February 2024, a period dominated firstly by XBB-related SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and then the BA.2.86-related JN.1. Survival analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and other sociodemographic and health measures, was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness.ResultsWe followed 4.12 million adults aged 65+ years from 1 August 2023 to 29 February 2024. By 29 February, 581146 doses of the XBB.1.5 vaccine were administered, and 1620 COVID-19-specific deaths occurred. COVID-19 mortality rates were 72/100000 person-years in people who received a COVID-19 booster >365 days earlier, and 21/100000 in those who received the XBB.1.5 booster in the last 3 months. The relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of XBB.1.5 booster receipt in the last 3 months against COVID-19 mortality was 74.7% (95%CI 59.9-84.1%). The rVE for those receiving other booster types in the last 3 months was 51.6% (39.3-61.4%). Booster rVE against COVID-19 mortality waned. Compared to those who received a COVID-19 booster >365 days earlier, rVE for a booster within 3-6 months earlier was 31.2% (18.9-41.6%) and for a booster received 6-12 months earlier rVE was 13.1% (1.8-23.2%). rVE estimates were similar in analyses restricted to 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024 when the dominant Omicron subvariant was JN.1.ConclusionsRecent booster vaccination with the XBB.1.5 monovalent COVID-19 vaccine is highly effective in preventing COVID-19 mortality including in the period when the JN.1 subvariant circulated, supporting recommendations for 6-monthly boosting in older adults. Evaluation of vaccination effectiveness against other health outcomes, such as COVID-19 hospitalisations and ICU admission, would help further document vaccination benefits.
Commensal-derived short-chain fatty acids disrupt lipid membrane homeostasis inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fletcher Joshua R. , Hansen Lisa A. , Martinez Richard , Freeman Christian D. , Thorns Niall , Villareal Alex R. , Penningroth Mitchell R. , Vogt Grace A. , Tyler Matthew , Hines Kelly M. , Hunter Ryan C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe role of commensal anaerobic bacteria in chronic respiratory infections is unclear, yet they can exist in abundances comparable to canonical pathogensin vivo. Their contributions to the metabolic landscape of the host environment may influence pathogen behavior by competing for nutrients and creating inhospitable conditions via toxic metabolites. Here, we reveal a mechanism by which the anaerobe-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate negatively affectStaphylococcus aureusphysiology by disrupting branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) metabolism. In turn, BCFA impairment results in impaired growth, diminished expression of the agr quorum sensing system, as well as increased sensitivity to membrane-targeting antimicrobials. Altered BCFA metabolism also reducesS. aureusfitness in competition withPseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that airway microbiome composition and the metabolites they produce and exchange directly impact pathogen succession over time. The pleiotropic effects of these SCFAs onS. aureusfitness and their ubiquity as metabolites in animals also suggests that they may be effective as sensitizers to traditional antimicrobial agents when used in combination.
Arabidopsisnatural variation induces complex transcriptomic heterochronies at the floral transition and perturbs the coupling between leaf and flower development by an unexpected genetic control
Authors: Sana Dieudonné , Ruth Kristianingsih , Stéphanie Laine , Béline Jesson , Véronique Vidal , Rachel Wells , Richard Morris , Fabrice Besnard 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPlant development may be viewed as a sequence of tightly orchestrated events in space and time. The coordination of developmental stages gives rise to various organs, such as leaves or flowers. For instance, inArabidopsis thaliana, leaf/bract development ceases once the first flower emerges. Unravelling the mechanisms of this regulation is, therefore, key for understanding how developmental programs are coordinated during the floral transition. In this study, we take advantage of a previously overlooked natural variation that desynchronizes bract repression from the initiation of the first flowers. We found that prolonged bract formation after the floral transition depends on complex genetic interactions, involving at least four loci. Surprisingly, none of these loci contained the floral identity genes previously implicated in bract repression, suggesting that other genes are involved in the synchronisation of bract and flower programs. Furthermore, although ectopic bracts in inflorescences have been interpreted as a prolonged vegetative state, time-series transcriptomics and curve registration revealed a more complex scenario whereby many genes desynchronize in terms of expression between these developmental programs. As a consequence, transcriptional differences peak at the floral transition when bract development is prolonged, affecting a wide variety of biological processes not necessarily associated with vegetative state. A transient increase in transcriptome divergence has been proposed to account for morphological variation between species in animals and plants under the “inverse hourglass” model. Our results suggest that such a model could also explain the sensitivity of certain developmental transitions to phenotypic variation within species, as reported here for the floral transition.
Diversity in Chemical Subunits and Linkages: A Key Molecular Determinant of Microbial Richness, Microbiota Interactions, and Substrate Utilization
Authors: McCullough Hugh C. , Song Hyun-Seob , Auchtung Jennifer M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDietary fibers play a significant role in shaping the composition and function of microbial communities in the human colon. Our understanding of the specific chemical traits of dietary fibers that influence microbial diversity, interactions, and function remains limited. Towards filling this knowledge gap, we developed a novel measure, termed Chemical Subunits and Linkages (CheSL) Shannon diversity, to characterize the effects of carbohydrate complexity on human fecal bacteria culturedin vitrounder controlled, continuous flow conditions using media that systematically varied in carbohydrate composition. Our analysis revealed that CheSL Shannon diversity demonstrated a strong Pearson correlation with microbial richness across multiple fecal samples and study designs. Additionally, we observed that microbial communities in media with higher CheSL Shannon diversity scores exhibited greater peptide utilization, and more connected, reproducible structures in computationally inferred microbial interaction networks. Together, these findings demonstrate that CheSL Shannon diversity can be a useful tool to quantify the effects of carbohydrate complexity on microbial diversity, metabolic potential, and interactions. Furthermore, our work highlights how robust and stable community data can be generated by engineering media composition and structure. These studies provide a valuable framework for future research on microbial community interactions and their potential impacts on host health.IMPORTANCEFor the human adult gut microbiota, higher microbial diversity strongly correlates with positive health outcomes. This correlation is likely due to increased community resilience that results from functional redundancy that can occur within diverse communities. While previous studies have shown that dietary fibers influence microbiota composition and function, we lack a complete mechanistic understanding of how differences in the composition of fibers are likely to functionally impact microbiota diversity. To address this need, we developed Chemical Subunits and Linkages (CheSL) Shannon diversity, a novel measure that describes carbohydrate complexity. Using this measure, we were able to correlate changes in carbohydrate complexity with alterations in microbial diversity and interspecies interactions. Overall, these analyses provide new perspectives on dietary optimization strategies to improve human health.
Post-eclosion growth in theDrosophilaEjaculatory Duct is driven by Juvenile Hormone signaling and is essential for male fertility
Authors: Ramesh Navyashree A. , Box Allison M. , Buttitta Laura A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTheDrosophilaEjaculatory duct (ED) is a secretory tissue of the somatic male reproductive system. The ED is involved in the secretion of seminal fluid components and ED-specific antimicrobial peptides that aid in fertility and the female post-mating response. The ED is composed of secretory epithelial cells surrounded by a layer of innervated contractile muscle. The ED grows in young adult males during the first 24h post-eclosion, but the cell cycle status of the ED secretory cells and the role of post-eclosion ED growth have been unexplored. Here, we show that secretory cells of the adultDrosophilaED undergo variant cell cycles lacking mitosis called the endocycle, that lead to an increase in the cell and organ size of the ED post eclosion. The cells largely exit the endocycle by day 3 of adulthood, when the growth of the ED ceases, resulting in a tissue containing cells of ploidies ranging from 8C-32C. The size of the ED directly correlates with the ploidy of the secretory cells, with additional ectopic endocycles increasing organ size. When endoreplication is compromised in ED secretory cells, it leads to reduced organ size, reduced protein synthesis and compromised fertility. We provide evidence that the growth and endocycling in the young adult male ED is dependent on Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling and we suggest that hormone-induced early adult endocycling is required for optimal fertility and function of the ED tissue. We propose to use the ED as a post-mitotic tissue model to study the role of polyploidy in regulating secretory tissue growth and function.
Spatio-temporal Reconstruction of Gene Expression Patterns in Developing Mice
Authors: Aviñó-Esteban Laura , Sharpe James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding gene regulation in organism development is crucial in biology. Techniques like whole-mountin situhybridization can reveal spatial gene expression in organs and tissues. However, capturing time-lapse images of gene expression dynamics in embryos developingin utero, such as mice, remains technically challenging beyond the early stages. To address this, we present a method to integrate static snapshots of gene expression patterns across limb developmental stages, creating a continuous 2D reconstruction of gene expression patterns over time. This method interpolates small tissue regions over time to create smooth temporal trajectories of gene expression. We successfully applied it to a number of key genes in limb development, includingSox9,Hand2, andBmp2. This approach enables a detailed spatio-temporal mapping of gene expression, providing insights into developmental mechanisms. By estimating Gene Expression Patterns at previously unobserved time points, it facilitates the comparison of these patterns across samples. The reconstructed trajectories offer high-quality data that will be useful to guide computational modeling and machine learning, advancing the study of developmental biology in systems where real-time imaging is technically difficult or impossible.
Resources and dynamic capabilities in startups
Authors: Hiroshi Usirono Carlos , Laureano Paiva Ely , Beal Partyka Raul 
Published: August 2024

PurposeOperating in a market of scarcity and uncertainty, the startups have stood out by contributing to changing the economy and society, a new type of management. This study analyses how startup companies may develop dynamic capabilities from the resources present in their ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachThrough a qualitative content analysis, we show different startup management and environmental features when compared with established companies.FindingsUnlike mature and established companies, startups develop innovative businesses, raise funds and develop competences quickly, anchoring themselves in differentiation and innovation. Results show different startup management and environmental features when compared with established companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to the literature by identifying management elements in dynamic environments, thus expanding the application of the theory of dynamic and managerial capabilities.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to generating an instrument that assists entrepreneurs in the operationalization of their strategies through the use and development of their managerial capabilities and the orchestration of resources with the help of ecosystem actors.Originality/valueWe propose a framework with the main elements identified in the cases analyzed. Those elements may assist managers in orchestrating their resources in order to support ecosystem actors.