bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guide for medical professionals (i.e. dermatologists) for the management of Rhododenol‐induced leukoderma
Authors: Nishigori Chikako , Aoyama Yumi , Ito Akiko , Suzuki Kayoko , Suzuki Tamio , Tanemura Atsushi , Ito Masaaki , Katayama Ichiro , Oiso Naoki , Kagohashi Yuji , Sugiura Shinichi , Fukai Kazuyoshi , Funasaka Yoko , Yamashita Toshiharu , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBecause some users develop depigmentation after the use of melanogenesis‐inhibiting products containing the quasi‐drug ingredient Rhododenol, Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) established a Special Committee on the Safety of Cosmetics Containing Rhododenol on July 17, 2013 and management guide for dermatologists has been updated on the website in order to delineate the diagnostic criteria for Rhododenol‐induced leukoderma and provides a broad guide for standard treatment based on current knowledge. This guide is produced on the basis of the guide (version 7) updated on June 20, 2014 in the website. Rhododenol‐induced leukoderma refers to depigmentation of varying severity that develops after the use of cosmetics containing Rhododenol, mainly at the site of use. In most cases, repigmentation of part or all the affected area is evident after discontinuation. Histopathologically cellular infiltration around the hair follicles and melanophages are present in most cases. The number of melanocytes in the lesion is declined but not totally absent in most cases. Rhododenol itself is a good substrate for tyrosinase, resulting in the formation of Rhododenol metabolites (e.g., Rhododenol quinone). Melanocytes are damaged by Rhododenol metabolites during the subsequent metabolic process. The continued use of cosmetics containing Rhododenol thus induces tyrosinase activity‐dependent cytotoxicity in melanocytes in the epidermis at application sites, resulting in decreasing the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes; the addition of some other factor to this process is believed to subsequently cause the decrease or disappearance of melanocytes themselves from the epidermis.
Sequelae in 145 patients with drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: Survey conducted by the Asian Research Committee on Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (ASCAR)
Authors: Kano Yoko , Tohyama Mikiko , Aihara Michiko , Matsukura Setsuko , Watanabe Hideaki , Sueki Hirohiko , Iijima Masafumi , Morita Eishin , Niihara Hiroyuki , Asada Hideo , Kabashima Kenji , Azukizawa Hiroaki , Hashizume Hideo , Nagao Keisuke , Takahashi Hayato , Abe Riichiro , Sotozono Chie , Kurosawa Michiko , Aoyama Yumi , Chu Chia‐Yu , Chung Wen‐Hung , Shiohara Tetsuo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDrug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction caused by specific drug. It is characterized by visceral organ involvement and reactivation of various human herpesviruses. Although sporadic reports have documented certain conditions that appear after the resolution of DIHS/DRESS, little information is available on sequelae after resolution of DIHS/DRESS in a large patient population. The Asian Research Committee on Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions, comprised of doctors from Japan and Taiwan, conducted a survey on sequelae and deterioration of the underlying disease in patients with DIHS/DRESS. This was achieved by directly interviewing patients who had been followed‐up by experts or through a questionnaire mailed to patients. Questions were asked about new onset cardiovascular disease, collagen disease or autoimmune disease, gastrointestinal disease, renal disease, respiratory disease, neoplasms, and other diseases such as herpes zoster and diabetes mellitus, as well as deterioration of the underlying disease. A total of 145 patients were analyzed in this study. The following newly developed diseases after recovery from DIHS/DRESS were observed: Graves' disease (n = 2), Hashimoto's disease (n = 3), painless thyroiditis (n = 2), fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 5), and infectious diseases (n = 7). Several DIHS/DRESS patients with pre‐existing renal dysfunction required lifelong hemodialysis. DIHS/DRESS is a condition that increases the risk of new onset of disease. Long‐term observation of DIHS/DRESS can provide an opportunity to investigate substantial diseases from onset to the full‐blown stage. Patients with DIHS/DRESS require careful long‐term follow‐up.
Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease—results of a national screening programme
Authors: van Velzen CL , Clur SA , Rijlaarsdam MEB , Bax CJ , Pajkrt E , Heymans MW , Bekker MN , Hruda J , de Groot CJM , Blom NA , Haak MC 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation and causes major morbidity and mortality. Prenatal detection improves the neonatal condition before surgery, resulting in less morbidity and mortality. In the Netherlands a national prenatal screening programme was introduced in 2007. This study evaluates the effects of this screening programme.DesignGeographical cohort study.SettingLarge referral region of three tertiary care centres.PopulationFetuses and infants diagnosed with severe CHD born between 1 January 2002 and 1 January 2012.MethodsCases were divided into two groups: before and after the introduction of screening.Main outcome measuresDetection rates were calculated.ResultsThe prenatal detection rate (n = 1912) increased with 23.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 19.5–28.3) from 35.8 to 59.7% after the introduction of screening and of isolated CHD with 21.4% (95% CI 16.0–26.8) from 22.8 to 44.2%. The highest detection rates were found in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome, other univentricular defects and complex defects with atrial isomerism (>93%). Since the introduction of screening, the ‘late’ referrals (after 24 weeks of gestation) decreased by 24.3% (95% CI 19.3–29.3).ConclusionsThis is the largest cohort study to investigate the prenatal detection rate of severe CHD in an unselected population. A nationally organised screening has resulted in a remarkably high detection rate of CHD (59.7%) compared with earlier literature.
Functional Properties of Peanut Fractions on the Growth of Probiotics and Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Peng Mengfei , Bitsko Elizabeth , Biswas Debabrata 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVarious compounds found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) have been shown to provide multiple benefits to human health and may influence the growth of a broad range of gut bacteria. In this study, we investigated the effects of peanut white kernel and peanut skin on 3 strains of Lactobacillus and 3 major foodborne enteric bacterial pathogens. Significant (P < 0.05) growth stimulation of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was observed in the presence of 0.5% peanut flour (PF) made from peanut white kernel, whereas 0.5% peanut skin extract (PSE) exerted the inhibitory effect on the growth of these beneficial microbes. We also found that within 72 h, PF inhibited growth of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), while PSE significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited Listeria monocytogenes but promoted the growth of both EHEC and Salmonella Typhimurium. The cell adhesion and invasion abilities of 3 pathogens to the host cells were also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 0.5% PF and 0.5% PSE. These results suggest that peanut white kernel might assist in improving human gut flora as well as reducing EHEC, whereas the beneficial effects of peanut skins require further research and investigation.
Novel basal, fungal lineages from freshwater phytoplankton and lake samples
Authors: Ishida Seiji , Nozaki Daiki , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Kagami Maiko 
Published: January 2015

SummaryZoosporic fungal parasites are known to control the extent and development of blooms of numerous phytoplankton species. Despite the obvious importance of ecological interactions between parasitic fungi and their phytoplanktonic hosts, their diversity remains largely unknown due to methodological limitations. Here, a method to genetically analyse fungi directly from single, infected colonies of the phytoplanktonic host was applied to field samples of large diatom species from mesotrophic Lake Biwa and eutrophic Lake Inba, Japan. Although previous research on interaction between lacustrine fungi and large phytoplankton has mainly focused on the role of parasitic Chytridiomycota, our results revealed that fungi attached to large diatoms included not only members of Chytridiomycota, but also members of Aphelida, Cryptomycota and yeast. The fungi belonging to Chytridiomycota and Aphelida form novel, basal lineages. Environmental clone libraries also support the occurrence of these lineages in Japanese lakes. The presented method enables us to better characterize individual fungal specimens on phytoplankton, and thus facilitate and improve the investigation of ecological relationships between fungi and phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems.
Native California soils are selective reservoirs for multidrug‐resistant bacteria
Authors: Hollowell Amanda C. , Gano Kelsey A. , Lopez Gabriel , Shahin Kareem , Regus John U. , Gleason Nathaniel , Graeter Stefanie , Pahua Victor , Sachs Joel L. 
Published: January 2015

SummarySoil bacteria can exhibit extensive antibiotic resistomes and act as reservoirs of important antibiotic resistance traits. However, the geographic sources and evolutionary drivers of resistance traits are poorly understood in these natural settings. We investigated the prevalence, spatial structure and evolutionary drivers of multidrug resistance in natural populations of Bradyrhizobium, a cosmopolitan bacterial lineage that thrives in soil and aquatic systems as well as in plant and human hosts. We genotyped > 400 isolates from plant roots and soils across California and assayed 98 of them for resistance traits against 17 clinically relevant antibiotics. We investigated the geographic and phylogenetic structure of resistance traits, and analysed correlations of resistance with strain abundance, host infection capacity and in vitro fitness. We found: (i) multidrug resistance at all sites, (ii) subsets of resistance traits that are spatially structured and (iii) significant associations between resistance traits and increased strain abundance or host infection capacity. Our results highlight multiple selective factors that can result in the spread of resistance traits in native Bradyrhizobium populations.
Identification of response classes from heavy metal‐tolerant soil microbial communities by highly resolved concentration‐dependent screenings in a microfluidic system
Authors: Kürsten Dana , Möller Frances , Gross Gregor Alexander , Lenk Claudia , Visaveliya Nikunjkumar , Schüler Tim , Köhler Johann Michael 
Published: January 2015

Summary

One of the most important constituents in soil is the microflora, mainly containing bacteria and fungi with high metabolic versatility and very complex intra‐ and interspecific interactions. Co‐occurrence of several micro‐organism species in soil regulates growth or suppression of single species, either by mutual tolerance or by induction of defence mechanisms, which may result in the release of secondary metabolites for growth suppression of coexisting species. Accumulations of heavy metals in soils can further affect the growth of soil microbial communities; this however is strongly dependent on the capability of micro‐organisms to tolerate heavy metals. Until now, there is no fast and reliable method available to study the growth of microbial communities in highly resolved concentration spaces with environmentally relevant toxic substances such as heavy metals and to identify the tolerance thresholds of micro‐organism communities of selected soils.

Here, we present a new methodological approach for the assessment of the growth–response behaviour of soil microbial communities in response to increasing heavy metal concentration (copper) using the droplet‐based micro‐segmented flow technique. Therefore, micro‐organism‐containing soil slurries from contact with metal artefacts from archaeological excavations and from the surface of early copper‐mining areas were studied by separate cultivation in segments in the sub‐μL range and growth, and fluorescence was characterized after cultivation by combined micro‐flow‐through photometry and fluorimetry.

Highly resolved dose–response data provided copper tolerance thresholds of the soil communities of the different soils. Concentration‐dependent growth patterns of the micro‐organisms in the segments could be observed and allowed to distinguish response groups with characteristic distribution of photometric and fluorimetric measurement values.

It is assumed that these response groups are caused by a sample characteristic growth of metal‐tolerant microbial communities with characteristic critical metal concentrations for growth inhibition. The clear transitions between the groups in small concentration intervals are probably due to sharp transitions between growth and no growth of dominant micro‐organism species at the critical metal concentration. The investigations demonstrate the potential of droplet‐based microfluidic techniques for ultra‐miniaturized ecological studies and its suitability for the assessment of tolerance thresholds of soil microbial communities from heavy metal‐contaminated areas.
Effectiveness of Nursing Process Use in Primary Care
Authors: Pérez Rivas Francisco Javier , Martín‐Iglesias Susana , Pacheco del Cerro José Luis , Minguet Arenas Cristina , García López Montserrat , Beamud Lagos Milagros 
Published: January 2015

PurposeTo determine whether patients assigned to primary care nurses who use the nursing process (use of NANDA‐I, NIC, and NOC) achieve better intermediate health outcomes than the population assigned to nurses who do not use the nursing process.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross‐sectional study conducted in 34 primary healthcare centers of Area 11 of the Community of Madrid (Spain) based on electronic health records.FindingsThe extension of health care provided was greater in nurses who used the nursing process. Patients assigned to these nurses have better control of their chronic diseases and incur lower drug costs.ConclusionsThe use of the nursing process can lead to improved health of populations.ImplicationsThe development of strategies is necessary to ensure greater use of the nursing process among nurses in primary care.
A content analysis of oral health messages in Australian mass media
Authors: Jones K , Merrick J , Beasley C 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundSocial analysis regarding oral health and oral health promotion are almost non‐existent in the Australian context. The usefulness of such exploration lies in framing and informing research methodologies and health promotion initiatives, and can improve our understanding of oral health behaviours and their social contexts.MethodsWe conducted a systematic content analysis of a random sample of popular Australian magazines, newspapers and television shows from May to September 2012. Our sample included the top three best‐selling magazines, six weekly newspapers, one from each available Australian state, and the four highest ranked Australian prime time television shows and their associated commercials.ResultsData comprised 72 hours of prime time television and 14,628 pages of hardcopy media. Seventy‐one oral health related media ‘incidents’ were counted during a five‐month period. Only 1.5% of incidents referenced fluoride and only two made dietary references. Women were represented almost six times more than men and the majority of oral health related incidents conveyed no social context (63%).ConclusionsOral health messages conveyed in Australian media fail to provide a social context for preventive or health‐promoting behaviours. In light of increased levels of oral disease and retention of natural teeth, more community based oral health promotion and support for oral health literacy would be prudent in the Australian context.
Pharmacokinetics of bromide in adult sheep following oral and intravenous administration
Authors: Quast TA , Combs MD , Edwards SH 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the pharmacokinetics of bromide in sheep after single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) doses.ProcedureSixteenMerino sheep were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and given 120 mg/kg bromide, as sodium bromideIVor potassium bromidePO. Serum bromide concentrations were determined by colorimetric spectrophotometry.ResultsAfterIVadministration the maximum concentration (Cmax) was 822.11 ± 93.61 mg/L, volume of distribution (Vd) was 0.286 ± 0.031 L/kg and the clearance (Cl) was 0.836 ± 0.255 mL/h/kg. AfterPOadministration theCmaxwas 453.86 ± 43.37 mg/L and the time of maximum concentration (Tmax) was 108 ± 125 h. The terminal half‐life (t½) of bromide afterIVandPOadministration was 387.93 ± 115.35 h and 346.72 ± 94.05 h, respectively. The oral bioavailability (F) of bromide was 92%. No adverse reactions were noted in either treatment group during this study. The concentration versus time profiles exhibited secondary peaks, suggestive of gastrointestinal cyclic redistribution of the drug.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWhen administeredPO, bromide in sheep has a long half‐life (t½) of approximately 14 days, with good bioavailability. Potassium bromide is a readily available, affordable salt with a long history of medical use as an anxiolytic, sedative and antiseizure therapy in other species. There are a number of husbandry activities and flock level neurological conditions, including perennial ryegrass toxicosis, in which bromide may have therapeutic or prophylactic application.
Evaluation of the Brix refractometer as an on‐farm tool for the detection of passive transfer of immunity in dairy calves
Authors: Thornhill JB , Krebs GL , Petzel CE 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy of both the optical and digital Brix refractometers compared with radial immunodiffusion (RID) for determining the immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in dairy calf serum.DesignThe experiment design was a cross‐sectional survey of four dairy farms. Serum was sampled from 12 calves from each farm at approximately 48 hours of age.MethodsSerum IgG concentrations of 48 calves were measured using RID and both types of Brix refractometer.ResultsIgG concentrations measured by Brix refractometer scores correlated with RID results: 0.74 and 0.71 for the digital and optical devices, respectively. The minimum Brix score that identified calf serum with success of passive immunity (>1000 mg/dL RID IgG) with 100% accuracy was 10% for both devices. The optical and digital devices performed similarly at identifying IgG concentrations in calf serum, with a concordance of 87%.ConclusionBrix refractometer score ≥10% can be used to classify calves with successful transfer of passive immunity and the devices are sufficiently accurate for use as a simple, inexpensive on‐farm tool for the monitoring of neonatal dairy calf immunity levels.
Herpesvirus in a captive Australian Krefft's river turtle (Emydura macquarii krefftii)
Authors: Cowan ML , Raidal SR , Peters A 
Published: January 2015

Case reportA mature, captive Krefft's river turtle (Emydura macquarii krefftii) was presented with severe proliferative and ulcerative lesions of the skin and shell. The areas were biopsied and histopathological examination demonstrated orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with keratinocytes containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. Molecular diagnostics confirmed the presence of a herpesvirus in the affected tissues.ConclusionThis is the first recorded case of herpesvirus infection in an Australian freshwater turtle species.
Milrinone for the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tang Xiuying , Liu Peng , Li Runjun , Jing Quanmin , Lv Junhao , Liu Li , Liu Yingfeng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDespite advancements in modern medicine, the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains challenging. Milrinone is effective in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure, but its safety and efficacy in patients with AHF after AMI have not been systematically evaluated. This meta‐analysis was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of milrinone in patients with AHF after AMI. We used a pre‐designed protocol to search electronic databases for randomized trials assessing milrinone for the treatment of AHF after AMI. Data were abstracted from relevant studies. Heterogeneity was assessed qualitatively using a Q test and quantified using the I2 statistic. Pooled risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using fixed‐effects models unless substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2 ≥ 50% and heterogeneity p ≤ 0.1). Four randomized trials met the inclusion criteria. However, there were no significant differences in deaths, blood pressure, premature ventricular contractions, gastrointestinal reactions, or ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (all p > 0.05) between control group and milrinone treatment group. Pooled estimates showed that milrinone significantly increased the left ventricular ejection fraction (MD 5.69; 95% CI 4.27 to 7.10; p < 0.00001) and cardiac output (MD 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.56; p = 0.002, I2 = 24%). While studies to date are few and limited by small sample sizes and poor quality, they suggest that treatment with milrinone may be safe and effective for patients with AHF after AMI. However, this meta‐analysis did not show that milrinone could improve prognosis or the survival rate.
Wentzel, Kathryn R & Brophy, Jere E (2014) Motivating students to learnRoutledge (New York & London) isbn 978‐0‐415‐89352‐7 301 pp £39.99 http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415893527/
Authors: Hammer Sara 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe authors of Motivating students to learn offer teachers evidence‐based classroom strategies to motivate their students. This fourth edition draws comprehensively on current psychological and educational research on student motivation and extrapolates this to implications for teaching practice in the classroom. This book's aim is primarily school teachers but it may also be of interest to people in further and higher education. If you think this book's content could be relevant, I suggest you borrow a copy to decide whether it's worth buying.Sara Hammer