bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor‐α promotes bile ductular transdifferentiation of mature rat hepatocytes in vitro
Authors: Nishikawa Yuji , Sone Masayuki , Nagahama Yasuharu , Kumagai Eriko , Doi Yuko , Omori Yasufumi , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Tokairin Takuo , Yoshida Masayuki , Yamamoto Yohei , Ito Akihiko , Sugiyama Toshihiro , Enomoto Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe previously showed that mature hepatocytes could transdifferentiate into bile ductular cells when placed in a collagen‐rich microenvironment. To explore the mechanism of transdifferentiation, we examined whether inflammatory cytokines affected the phenotype of hepatocytes in a three‐dimensional culture system. Spheroidal aggregates of rat hepatocytes were embedded within a type I collagen gel matrix and cultured in the presence of various cytokines. In the control, hepatocytes gradually lost expression of albumin, tyrosine aminotransferase, and hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)‐4α, while aberrantly expressed bile ductular markers, including cytokeratin 19 (CK 19) and spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily (SgIGSF). Among the cytokines examined, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibited expression of albumin and HNF‐4α, both at mRNA and protein levels. After culturing for 2 weeks with TNF‐α, hepatocytic spheroids were transformed into extensively branching tubular structures composed of CK 19‐ and SgIGSF‐positive small cuboidal cells. These cells responded to secretin with an increase in secretion and expressed functional bile duct markers. TNF‐α also induced the phosphorylation of Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and c‐Jun, and the morphogenesis was inhibited by SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor. Furthermore, in chronic rat liver injury induced by CCl4, ductular reaction in the centrilobular area demonstrated strong nuclear staining of phosphorylated c‐Jun. Our results demonstrate that TNF‐α promotes the ductular transdifferentiation of hepatocytes and suggest a role of TNF‐α in the pathogenesis of ductular reaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 831–843, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of arterial spin labeling on a 1T open MRI scanner
Authors: Heijtel Dennis F.R. , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Caan Matthan W.A. , Majoie Charles B. , vanBavel Ed , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the clinical feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) on a 1T open bore scanner.Materials and Methods:First, the optimal postlabeling delay (PLD) at 1T was determined (n = 5), with and without vascular crushing. Second, the effect of different labeling approaches (pseudo‐continuous ASL [pCASL] vs. pulsed ASL [PASL]), background suppression (BSup) and readout options (GRASE vs. EPI) was investigated (n = 9). Each effect was quantified by calculating the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), convergence, and number of significant gray matter (GM) voxels in the ASL images. Finally, an example of an obese volunteer who could not have been scanned in a cylindrical scanner is presented.Results:The optimal PLDs were found to be 1300 msec for pCASL with and without vascular crushing. pCASL labeling outperformed PASL labeling in terms of convergence, anatomical correspondence between GM and perfusion maps, and SNR (P < 0.05). BSup appeared to have no additional value on the convergence, anatomical GM correspondence, and SNR (P > 0.05). EPI readout yielded a slightly better convergence, while the SNR of the GRASE readout was higher (P < 0.05).Conclusion:ASL on 1T is clinically feasible using state‐of‐the‐art sequences that were primarily developed for higher field strengths. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:958–964. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating quantitative approaches to dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI among carotid endarterectomy patients
Authors: Crane David E. , Donahue Manus J. , Chappell Michael A. , Sideso Ediri , Handa Ashok , Kennedy James , Jezzard Peter , MacIntosh Bradley J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate two dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) quantification methods in symptomatic carotid artery disease patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) surgery by comparing methods directly and assessing the reliability of each method in the hemisphere contralateral to surgery.Materials and Methods:Absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) was calculated in putamen and sensorimotor gray matter of 17 patients using two methods: 1) The Bookend method that scales relative DSC images to CBV values calculated from the ratio of pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images, and 2) the Tail‐scaling method that uses the ratio of area under the tails of the venous and arterial concentration time‐courses to scale the DSC images.Results:There was a positive correlation between the methods with significant correlation post‐CEA (P < 0.035). Intersession correlation was greater when using the Tail‐scaling method contralateral to surgery (P < 0.004).Conclusion:We have demonstrated correlation between methods that is significant after surgery and have found that the Tail‐scaling method produces better test–retest reliability than our implementation of the Bookend method. Results from this study suggest that DSC has the potential to measure hemodynamic changes after endarterectomy and future work is required to establish clinical value. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:936–943. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 relaxation during radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Foltz Warren D. , Wu Andy , Chung Peter , Catton Charles , Bayley Andrew , Milosevic Michael , Bristow Robert , Warde Padraig , Simeonov Anna , Jaffray David A. , Haider Masoom A. , Ménard Cynthia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate regional and temporal changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 relaxation during radiation therapy (RT) in patients with low and intermediate risk localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods:Seventeen patients enrolled on a prospective clinical trial where MRI was acquired every 2 weeks throughout eight weeks of image‐guided prostate IMRT (78 Gy/39 fractions). ADC and T2 quantification used entire prostate, central gland, benign peripheral zone, and tumor‐dense regions‐of‐interest, and mean values were evaluated for common response trends.Results:Overall, the RT responses were greater than volunteer measurement repeatability, and week 6 appeared to be an optimum time‐point for early detection. RT effects on the entire prostate were best detected using ADC (5–7% by week 2, P < 0.0125), effects on peripheral zone were best detected using T2 (19% reduction at week 6; P = 0.004) and effects on tumors were best detected using ADC (14% elevation at week 6; P = 0.004).Conclusion:ADC and T2 may be candidate biomarkers of early response to RT warranting further investigation against clinical outcomes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:909–916. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting three‐dimensional patellofemoral kinematics from static imaging‐based alignment measures
Authors: Freedman Benjamin R. , Sheehan Frances T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPatellofemoral pain syndrome causes significant discomfort and disability among much of the general population. Despite recent breakthroughs in dynamic three‐dimensional imaging technologies to assess pathological patellofemoral motion, such tools remain costly for clinical diagnostics applications. Thus, this study investigated whether three‐dimensional patellofemoral kinematics could be predicted from routine two‐dimensional static measures of patellofemoral joint alignment quantified from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired in full knee extension. Twenty‐six volunteers clinically diagnosed with patellofemoral pain (19 F/7 M, 25.9 ± 11.1 years) and 26 control subjects (19 F/7 M, 25.3 ± 7.7 years) were included in this IRB‐approved study. Static three‐dimensional sagittal T1‐weighted gradient recall echo and dynamic MRI scans were acquired. For the dynamic image acquisition, subjects cyclically flexed and extended their knee (at 30 cycles/min) while a full cine‐phase contrast MRI set (24 time frames of anatomic images and x‐, y‐, and z‐velocity images) was acquired. From these data, static measures of patellofemoral alignment and three‐dimensional patellofemoral kinematics were derived. Single and multiple regressions between static and kinematic variables were evaluated. Although shown reliable, the static MRI measures could only partially predict patellofemoral kinematics, with r2‐values ranging from 16% to 77%. This makes it imperitave that the current precise, accurate, 3D, dynamic imaging techniques be translated into clinical tools. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 441–447, 2013
An orthopedic tissue adhesive for targeted delivery of intraoperative biologics
Authors: Simson Jacob , Crist Joshua , Strehin Iossif , Lu Qiaozhi , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTissue adhesives can bind together damaged tissues and serve as tools to deliver and localize therapeutics to facilitate regeneration. One emerging therapeutic trend in orthopedics is the use of intraoperative biologics (IOB), such as bone marrow (BM) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), to stimulate healing. Here, we introduce the application of the biomaterial chondroitin sulfate succinimidyl succinate (CS‐NHS) to deliver IOB in a hydrogel adhesive. We demonstrate the biomaterial's ability to bind various tissue types and its cellular biocompatibility with encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Further, we examine in detail the CS‐NHS adhesive combined with BM aspirate for use in bone applications. hMSCs were encapsulated in CS‐BM and cultured for 5 weeks in osteogenic medium. Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated osteogenesis via upregulation of the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 and bone markers alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Significant deposition of calcium and osteocalcin was detected using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. Shear testing demonstrated that the CS‐BM adhesive exhibited an adhesive strength approximately an order of magnitude stronger than fibrin glue and approaching that of a cyanoacrylate adhesive. These results indicate that CS‐NHS is a promising delivery tool for IOB in orthopedic applications requiring a strong, degradable, and biocompatible adhesive that supports bone growth. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 392–400, 2013
Effect of gender (barrows vs. females) on carcass traits and meat quality of Celta pig reared outdoors
Authors: Franco Daniel , Lorenzo José M 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Today, the Celta is the unique indigenous pig breed of Galicia (northwest Spain), included in the Official Catalogue of Breeds of Spain as being in danger of extinction. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of gender (barrows vs. female) on carcass traits and meat quality of Celta pig reared outdoors. The differences in carcass and meat quality between castrated barrows and gilts (n = 20), reared outdoors and slaughtered at a live weight of 140 kg, were determined.RESULTS: The mean carcass weight was 108 kg and killing out percentage and chilling losses did not differ (P > 0.05) between genders, with a mean value of 78.2% and 2.68%, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the morphometric parameters between genders except for the leg length (LL) (P < 0.01), and hand length (HL) and ham length (Hml) (P < 0.001), which were greater in barrows. Gender affected significantly pH (5.67 vs. 5.55; P < 0.05) and moisture content (73.2% vs. 72.0%; P < 0.05), while intramuscular fat (IMF) did not differ significantly between genders (2.12% vs. 1.67%, P > 0.05) for barrows and females, respectively. No significant effect (P > 0.05) on parameters measured by Warner–Braztler (WB) test (shear force, firmness and total work of cut) was found, whereas textural profile analysis showed significant differences for all traits determined due to gender effect. Sensory evaluation of longissimus dorsi (LD) samples showed significant differences between genders in odour and taste traits. Finally, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in any amino acid concentrations between genders.CONCLUSION: Values for carcass parameters indicated that Celta pigs produced very similar carcasses to those obtained from other rustic pigs. The percentage of 'noble' cuts relative to carcass weight was higher in barrows than in females. Finally, gender appeared to have little effect on the colour, textural organoleptic traits or amino acid profile of this breed of pig. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Membranes on Porous Supports by Size Exclusion and Thermal Sintering of Fluorescent Polyphenylsilsesquioxane Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Zhe , Tolbert Stephanie , Loy Douglas A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic membranes were prepared by size‐exclusion deposition and thermal sintering of fluorescent polyphenylsilsesquioxane nanoparticles on a ceramic support. Fluorescent polyphenylsilsesquioxane particles were prepared by a two‐step co‐polymerization of phenyltriethoxysilane with 0.1 mol‐% N‐(triethoxysilylpropyl)dansylamide. Because they were larger than the pores in the support, the particles formed a layer on top of the ceramic support that was sintered at 300 °C into a homogeneous, non‐porous membrane. Fluorescence of the modified polyphenylsilsesquioxane provided a valuable tool to monitor particle deposition and assist in characterization of the membranes. magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methacrylate Based Hydrogel Networks for Anti‐Biofouling Applications
Authors: Lei Jing , Mayer Christian , Freger Viatcheslav , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of hydrogels based on poly(ethylenglycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) is synthesized using macromonomers of three different molecular weights, in combination with varied degrees of chemical crosslinking. The effects of PEGMEMA, initiator, and crosslinker concentrations on gel yield and swelling properties are studied. In addition, the chemical structure of the gels is characterized by FTIR and solid‐state NMR spectra. The swelling and rheological behaviors of hydrogels as well as protein partitioning into the gels are discussed in terms of the network mesh size. Low protein sorption and bacteria deposition tendencies indicate that PEGMEMA‐based hydrogels could be highly beneficial for uses as fouling‐resistant materials, for instance, as protective coatings for desalination membranes. magnified image
Recent developments of proton‐transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) and its applications in medical research
Authors: Zhan Xuefang , Duan Jiana , Duan Yixiang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractProton‐transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) allows for real‐time, on‐line determination of absolute concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a high sensitivity and low detection limits (in the pptv range). The technique utilizes H3O+ ions for proton‐transfer reactions with many common VOCs while having little to no reaction with any constituents commonly present in air. Over the past decades, research has greatly improved the applications and instrumental design of PTR‐MS. In this article, we give an overview of the development of PTR‐MS in recent years and its application in medical research. The theory of PTR‐MS and various methods for discriminating isobaric VOCs are also described. We also show several specialized designs of sample inlet system, some of those may make PTR‐MS suitable for the detection of aqueous solution and/or non‐volatile samples. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 32:143–165, 2013
Wnt signalling in kidney diseases: dual roles in renal injury and repair
Authors: Kawakami Takahisa , Ren Shuyu , Duffield Jeremy S 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWnt signalling is a complex, highly conserved, cell‐to‐cell communication pathway in multicellular organisms, regulating cell fate, function and phenotype in development, and diseases, including neoplasia. Although the critical role of the Wnt pathway in nephrogenesis is well established, recent investigations have shown its involvement in many adult kidney diseases, including ischaemic kidney injury, glomerular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, interstitial fibrosis and cystic kidney diseases. Overall, activation of the Wnt pathway is deleterious to many chronic diseases of the kidney, contributing to the maintenance of cells in an activated state. In addition, the Wnt pathway is activated during repair and regeneration in animal models of acute ischaemic injury, a scenario that is frequently encountered in human acute kidney injury. This activation recapitulates features of nephrogenesis and appears to play an indispensable role in repair and regeneration in this acute setting. As tools are being developed to regulate the Wnt pathway intracellularly and at the cell surface, the Wnt pathway has become a potential avenue for urgently required novel therapeutics for treating human kidney diseases. In this review, we describe consensus models for major Wnt signalling cascades and then discuss their roles in kidney diseases.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based liquid crystalline conjugated donor–acceptor copolymers with reduced band gap for polymer solar cells
Authors: Han Yunli , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new liquid crystalline (LC) acceptor monomer 2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐3,6‐dithiophen‐2‐yl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (TDPPcbp) was synthesized by incorporating cyanobiphenyl mesogens into diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). The monomer was copolymerized with bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithiophene (BDT) and N‐9′‐heptadecanylcarbazole (CB) donors to obtain donor–acceptor alternating copolymers poly[4,8‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐3,6‐bis(thiophen‐5‐yl)‐2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione] (PBDTDPPcbp) and poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐3,6‐bis(thiophen‐5‐yl)‐2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyano‐biphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3, 4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione] (PCBTDPPcpb) with reduced band gap, respectively. The LC properties of the copolymers, the effects of main chain variation on molecular packing, optical properties, and energy levels were analyzed. Incorporating the mesogen cyanobiphenyl units not only help polymer donors to pack well through mesogen self‐organization but also push the fullerene acceptor to form optimized phase separation. The bulk heterojunction photovoltaicdevicesshow enhanced performance of 1.3% for PBDTDPPcbp and 1.2% for PCBTDPPcbp after thermal annealing. The results indicate that mesogen‐controlled self‐organization is an efficient approach to develop well‐defined morphology and to improve the device performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Infrared absorption spectroscopy of a carbon–oxygen complex in gallium arsenide
Authors: Alt H. Ch. , Kersch A. , Wagner H. E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInfrared absorption measurements have been carried out on a carbon–oxygen complex in gallium arsenide. The stretching mode at 2059.6 cm−1 has been investigated at low temperatures with polarized light under uniaxial stress in the 〈100〉, 〈111〉, and 〈110〉 crystallographic directions. The splitting behavior due to lifting of orientational degeneracy shows that the center has tetragonal symmetry. The intensity of the isotope shifted satellite band caused by the naturally abundant 18O isotope is not in agreement with the identification as a simple CO‐molecule. The number of incorporated oxygen atoms is 3 ± 1. The assignment of the defect to a CO2 molecule is in agreement with the experimental data available so far.
FDI in Investment Banking
Authors: Gulamhussen Mohamed Azzim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in investment banking are tested using unique data obtained from 43 semistructured interviews with senior managers of multinational banks. Consistent with internalization theory, the decision to service new customers is positively and significantly related to FDI. In line with internalization theory and the sequential entry framework, the perceived risk of doing business abroad is negatively and significantly related to FDI. Lock‐in is positively and significantly related to FDI. Very few managers consider it important to follow domestic customers, which does not emerge as significantly related to FDI. Qualitative information facilitated the interpretation of multiple empirical estimations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pipelined forwarding with energy balance in hexagonal wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sheu Tsang‐Ling , Shang Yao‐Yuan 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a pipelined forwarding scheme with energy balance for hexagonal wireless sensor networks (H‐WSN). An H‐WSN consists of hexagonal clusters in which the distance between any two cluster heads is , where R is the radius of a hexagonal cluster. A trade‐off exists in pipelined forwarding for an H‐WSN; that is, reducing pipeline lengths can decrease data forwarding delay, but it will adversely increase the number of clusters, which consequently increases the total collecting time of a mobile sink. This paper therefore introduces a mobile sink data collecting and routing scheme to dynamically adjust the pipeline lengths and to periodically switch pipeline directions. With this mobile sink data collecting and routing, the overall system throughput is increased, and the energy consumptions among all cluster heads are balanced. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in the economy, the labor market, and expectations for the future: What might Europe and the United States look like in twenty‐five years?
Authors: Buchholz Sandra , Blossfeld Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn times of globalization, modern societies' labor markets have been marked by an increasing segmentation and growing social inequality. Youths in particular have experienced a worsening of their employment chances in the past three decades. However, what will the future bring?