bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of the Suitability of Dorsal Vulval Skin as a Transposition Flap: Vascular Anatomic Study and Clinical Application
Authors: Hunt Geraldine B. , Winson Olivia , Fuller Mark C. , Kim James Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the blood supply to the vulval fold and adjacent skin, and evaluate it as a transposition flap for closing perineal wounds in dogs.Study DesignProspective study.Animals or Sample PopulationFive female canine cadavers and 2 cases referred for excision of mast cell tumors adjacent to the vulva.MethodsDissection was performed to identify the vascular supply to the vulval fold in two cadavers following arterial injection of red latex and methylene blue, respectively. In three cadavers, barium sulfate mixed 1:1 with water was injected into the terminal aorta. The vulval fold and surrounding perineal skin was excised and radiographed. Transposition flaps using the vulval fold and adjacent skin were used to close skin defects in two dogs presented for wide excision of mast cell tumors situated ventro‐lateral and dorso‐lateral to the vulva, respectively.ResultsThe vulval fold and adjacent skin was perfused bilaterally by branches of the ventral perineal and external pudendal arteries, which entered dorsally and ventrally, respectively. As incisions used to create a transposition flaps from the skin surrounding the vulval fold transect these vessels, the flap is dependent on the sub‐dermal plexus for survival. There was 100% survival of transposition flaps in the 2 clinical cases and healing proceeded uneventfully with acceptable cosmetic and functional results.ConclusionsThe vulval fold and surrounding skin can be used as a subdermal plexus flap to close large perineal defects in dogs.Clinical RelevanceAvailability of a defined local skin flap will improve treatment of diseases resulting in large perineal skin defects in female dogs.
Eighty‐three lineages that took over the world: a first review of terrestrial cosmopolitan tetrapods
Authors: Procheş Şerban , Ramdhani Syd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimWhile there is a huge macroecological and biogeographical literature addressing endemism, very little has been done to systematically study lineages that are widely distributed across the globe. Our aim here was to list and analyse those lineages of terrestrial tetrapod vertebrates found in 60–90% of the world, loosely termed here as cosmopolitan.LocationGlobal.MethodsTwo sets of geographical units and three occupancy criteria were used to list, analyse and map cosmopolitan lineages and their sister lineages.ResultsAmong the 83 lineages identified, 2 were represented by amphibians, 9 by reptiles, 13 by mammals, and the remainder by birds, of which 12 were passerines and 47 were non‐passerines. All these lineages are present in parts of Southeast Asia, most of them throughout much of Eurasia and Africa, but fewer in South America and very few in Australia. Only three of the lineages (all reptiles) are likely to exemplify vicariance or early dispersal‐driven cosmopolitanism, the rest having attained world‐wide distribution via extensive, geologically recent dispersal. The distribution of sister lineages indicates that many cosmopolitan lineages probably originated in the savanna regions of Africa, some in Southeast Asia, and fewer in tropical America.Main conclusionsCosmopolitan distributions in tetrapods are primarily the result of dispersal, with large body size and the ability to fly being two key correlates of rapid global colonization. We argue that a cosmopolitan lineage framework in biogeographical and ecological studies could add great depth to the understanding of evolutionary success, and would be highly relevant to the field of invasion biology.
Occurrence of Steam Pops During Irrigated RF Ablation: Novel Insights from Microwave Radiometry
Authors: KORUTH JACOB S. , DUKKIPATI SRINIVAS , GANGIREDDY SANDEEP , McCARTHY JOHN , SPENCER DARREN , WEINBERG ALAN D. , MILLER MARC A. , D’AVILA ANDRE , REDDY VIVEK Y. 
Published: May 2013

Predicting Steam Pops with Microwave RadiometryBackgroundThe disparity between catheter and tissue temperatures during irrigated RF ablation frustrates one's ability to predict steam pops. Microwave radiometry allows for “volumetric” temperature assessment—i.e., within a circumscribed volume around the catheter tip‐permitting, direct assessment of temperature during ablation. The aim of this study was to examine (i) the ability of microwave radiometry to predict steam pops, and (ii) compare this to traditional parameters such as power, catheter temperature, and impedance.Methods and ResultsIrrigated RF ablation was performed in 8 sheep using the Tempasure ablation catheter in all chambers. Power, impedance, catheter tip, and volumetric temperature were continually monitored. Ablation was terminated after a pop or at 60 seconds. A pop was defined as an audible or visualized pop (intracardiac echocardiography). Predictors of pops were determined by univariate and multivariate GEE logistic regression modeling. A total of 48 pops occurred during 143 lesions applied at 20–50 W. There was no association between the chamber of the heart and the occurrence of pops. The rate of rise of volumetric temperature (greater than 1.5 °C/s) was the single best predictor of pops (OR: 88.8 [95% CI: 12–604], P < 0.0007). Pops only occurred above a maximum volumetric temperature threshold of 89 °C.ConclusionsDuring irrigated RF ablation, steam pop occurrence can be predicted by both, the rate of rise and the maximum volumetric temperature measured by microwave radiometry.
Gender differences in the association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Furuta Michiko , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Takeshita Toru , Shibata Yukie , Akifusa Sumio , Eshima Nobuoki , Kiyohara Yutaka , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Mukai Naoko , Nagata Masaharu , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimsPeriodontal disease and metabolic syndrome (MS) are more prevalent in males than in females. However, whether there is a gender difference in the association between these health conditions has not yet been investigated. This study examined the gender difference in this association, considering the definition of periodontal disease.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 1040 males and 1330 females, aged ≥40 years, with at least ten teeth from subjects of the 2007 Hisayama health examination. We performed a logistic regression analysis with various definitions of periodontal disease the dependent variable and MS as the independent variable. Following the analysis, the data were reanalysed with the structural equations model.ResultsThe logistic regression analysis suggested a stronger association between periodontal disease and MS in females than that in males when periodontal disease was more severely defined. When we constructed the structural equations model in each gender, the model showed a good fit to the data of females, suggesting the association between periodontal disease and MS in females, but not in males.ConclusionsGender differences seem to exist in the association between periodontal disease and MS; MS might show a stronger association with periodontal disease in females than in males.
Diversity and Distributional Patterns of Ciliates in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Vent Sediments
Authors: Coyne Kathryn J. , Countway Peter D. , Pilditch Conrad A. , Lee Charles K. , Caron David A. , Cary Stephen C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLittle is known about protists at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. The vent sites at Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California are characterized by dense mats of filamentous pigmented or nonpigmented Beggiatoa that serve as markers of subsurface thermochemical gradients. We constructed 18S rRNA libraries to investigate ciliate assemblages in Beggiatoa mats and from bare sediments at the Guaymas vent site. Results indicated a high diversity of ciliates, with 156 operational taxonomic units identified in 548 sequences. Comparison between mat environments demonstrated that ciliate and bacterial assemblages from pigmented mats, nonpigmented mats, and bare sediments were significantly different and highly correlated with bacterial assemblages. Neither bacterial nor ciliate assemblages were correlated with environmental factors. The most abundant ciliates at Guaymas were more likely to be represented in clone libraries from other hydrothermal, deep‐sea, and/or anoxic or microaerophilic environments, supporting the hypothesis that these ciliate species are broadly distributed. The orange mat environment included a higher proportion of ciliate sequences that were more similar to those from other environmental studies than to cultured ciliate species, whereas clone libraries from bare sediments included sequences that were the most highly divergent from all other sequences and may represent species that are endemic to Guaymas.
Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment Within an Urban Environment
Authors: O'Connor Matthew , Garnier Gil , Batchelor Warren 
Published: May 2013

SummaryA dissolved air flotation (DAF) system upgrade was proposed for an urban paper mill to recycle effluent. To understand the influence of operating variables on the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water consumption, a dynamic supply chain model was linked with life cycle assessment (LCA) to produce an environmental inventory. Water is a critical natural resource, and understanding the environmental impacts of recycling water is paramount in continued development of sustainable supply chains involving water. The methodology used in this study bridged the gap between detailed process models and static LCA modeling so that operating variables beyond discrete scenario analysis could be investigated without creating unnecessarily complex models. The model performed well in evaluating environmental impacts. It was found that there was no single optimum operating regime for all environmental impacts. For a mill discharging 80 cubic meters of effluent per hour (m3/hour), GHGs could be minimized with a DAF capacity of 17.5 m3/hour, while water consumption could be minimized with a DAF capacity of 25 m3/hour, which allowed insight into where environmental trade‐offs would occur. The study shows that more complexity can be achieved in supply chain modeling without requiring a full technical model. It also illustrates the need to consider multiple environmental impacts and highlights the trade‐off of GHG emissions with water consumption in water recycling. The supply chain model used in this water treatment case study was able to identify the environmental trade‐offs from the operating variables selected.
Repigmentation of cutaneous scars depends on original wound type
Authors: Chadwick Sarah L. , Yip Christina , Ferguson Mark W. J. , Shah Mamta 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCutaneous scarring is currently an inevitable outcome following skin injury. Abnormal pigmentation within scars makes them more noticeable, causing distress for patients, particularly as there is no reliable and effective treatment available to date. The Duroc pig, known to scar badly, was used to investigate repigmentation of scars resulting from three different wound types: incisional, partial thickness excisional and full thickness excisional. Wounds were created on the backs of Duroc pigs and the resulting scars harvested at days 35, 56, 70 and 90 days post‐injury. Scars were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry, quantitatively analysed using image analysis software and subjected to statistical analysis. Photographs of the macroscopic appearance of scars were scored for pigmentation using a visual analogue scale. Results demonstrated temporal and spatial differences in melanocyte repopulation and function within scars from different wound types. The microscopic pigment deposition did not correlate with macroscopic appearances in mature scars. Pigmentation of scars is dependent on the width and depth of wounds. This study has provided important information on which we can base future studies to investigate factors controlling the repigmentation of scars.
Oral cancer examinations among smokers and moderate‐heavy drinkers,UnitedStates, 2008
Authors: Macek Mark D. , Yellowitz Janet A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesSmoking and moderate‐heavy alcohol consumption are primary risk factors for oral cancer. This report uses national data to test whether adults with these risk factors received oral cancer examinations (OCEs) at a rate consistent with their risk.MethodsData from the 2008NationalHealthInterviewSurvey (NHIS) were used for this analysis. The main outcome variables described lifetime receipt of extraoral or intraoralOCEs. Other variables described health‐care visits, as well as the timing of, reasons for, and type of practitioner providing the most recentOCE. Descriptor variables were smoking and drinking status. Covariates included several sociodemographic factors. Weighted bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted usingSUDAANsoftware.ResultsAccording to the 2008NHIS, about 34 percent of adults aged 40 years or older reported receiving either an extraoral or intraoral examination during their lifetime. Current smokers were no more likely to have received anOCEthan were never smokers, controlling for relevant covariates. Moderate‐heavy drinkers and light drinkers were significantly more likely to have received anOCEthan were lifetime abstainers.ConclusionsCurrent smokers did not receiveOCEsat a rate consistent with their increased risk, whereas moderate‐heavy drinkers did. One explanation for this finding is that medical and dental visit behaviors indirectly influencedOCErates. Dentition status played an important role, as having teeth is strongly associated with dental visit behaviors. Health‐care practitioners are encouraged to consider the smoking and drinking statuses of their patients when they conduct routine physical examinations of the head and neck.
Influence of minor children and contribution to household income on work hours of female dentists
Authors: Kuthy Raymond A. , Jennings Adrienne D. , McQuistan Michelle R. , Marshall Teresa A. , Qian Fang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association of having minor children and contribution to household income on weekly work hours of Iowa female dentists.MethodsA 28‐question survey was mailed to all active Iowa dentists. This study represents female dentists who responded to the survey (n = 192; response rate = 63 percent). The dependent variable was whether dentists currently worked full‐ or part‐time (≥32 versus <32 hours/week). The associations of having minor children and the percent women contributed toward their household income were then analyzed using stepwise logistic regression, controlling for covariates (alpha = 0.05).ResultsOf the respondents, 14.6 percent worked part‐time. Females who had no minor children (40.1 percent) were 3.1 times as likely to work full‐time (P = 0.0353), and those who contributed >60 percent to household income (57.8 percent) were 3.0 times as likely to work full‐time (P = 0.0129). The final regression model indicated that those who contributed >60 percent to household income (P = 0.0096) and had no leave of absence longer than 45 consecutive days within the prior 2 years (P = 0.0483) were more likely to work full‐time compared with their counterparts.ConclusionIowa female dentists who provided more than 60 percent to household income and had not taken a leave of absence during the past 2 years were more likely to work full‐time. The inclusion of leave of absence as a predictor variable negates any additional influence of the presence or absence of minor children in the regression model, indicating that these variables are highly correlated for this population.
Melatonin synthesis in human colostrum mononuclear cells enhances dectin‐1‐mediated phagocytosis by mononuclear cells
Authors: Pires‐Lapa Marco A. , Tamura Eduardo K. , Salustiano Eugenia M. A. , Markus Regina P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany cells in the organism besides pinealocytes, synthesize melatonin. Here, we evaluate both the mechanism of zymosan‐induced melatonin synthesis and its autocrine effect in human colostral mononuclear cells. The synthesis of melatonin was induced by activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), as either the blockade of the proteasome or the binding of NF‐κB to DNA inhibits zymosan‐induced melatonin synthesis. As observed in RAW 264.7 lineage cells, the dimer involved is RelA/c‐Rel. Melatonin plays a direct role in mononuclear cell activity, increasing zymosan‐induced phagocytosis by stimulating MT2 melatonin receptors and increasing the expression of dectin‐1. This role was confirmed by the blockade of melatonin receptors using the competitive antagonist luzindole and the MT2‐selective partial agonist 4P‐PDOT. In summary, we show that melatonin produced by immune‐competent cells acts in an autocrine manner, enhancing the clearance of pathogens by increasing phagocyte efficiency. Given that these cells are present in human colostrum for 4 or 5 days after birth, this mechanism may be relevant for the protection of infant health.
Effectiveness of metronidazole as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sgolastra F. , Severino M. , Petrucci A. , Gatto R. , Monaco A. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundMetronidazole (MET) has been suggested as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. However, its clinical effectiveness and effects on periodontal pathogens remain to be defined. The present meta‐analysis assessed the scientific evidence concerning the effect of MET adjunctive to SRP as compared to SRP alone.MethodsA literature search of electronic databases was performed for articles published through December 16, 2012, followed by a manual search of several dental journals. A meta‐analysis was conducted according to recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA. Weighted mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for probing depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, bleeding on probing index and suppuration. All outcomes were evaluated as changes from baseline to the end of follow‐up. Heterogeneity was assessed with the chi‐squared‐based Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsAfter the study selection process, six randomized clinical trials were included in the meta‐analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis indicated that SRP + MET provided additional benefits when compared to SRP alone in terms of probing depth reduction (MD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09–0.28; p < 0.05) and clinical attachment level gain (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.08–0.12; p < 0.05). No evidence of heterogeneity was detected.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis results seem to support the effectiveness of adjunctive MET with SRP compared to SRP alone. However, given the low number of included studies and limitations of meta‐analysis, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
No evidence of triclosan‐resistant bacteria following long‐term use of triclosan‐containing toothpaste
Authors: Cullinan M. P. , Bird P. S. , Heng N. C. K. , West M. J. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data in relation to the possible emergence of triclosan (TCS)‐resistant bacteria following long‐term exposure to TCS toothpaste. Therefore, this study investigated whether long‐term continuous exposure to TCS in toothpaste selects for TCS‐resistant bacteria within the oral biofilm.Material and MethodsDental plaque samples were collected from 40 individuals during year 5 of a randomised controlled trial. Participants had been randomly assigned to use TCS (3000 μg/mL TCS) (n = 18) or placebo toothpaste (n = 22). Diluted plaque samples were plated on to Wilkins–Chalgren agar plates containing 5% (v/v) laked sheep red blood cells and TCS (concentrations ranging from 25 to 150 μg/mL) and incubated at 37°C under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions for 2–10 d. Selected bacterial isolates were identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing and TCS minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined for each isolate.ResultsAt 3000 μg/mL TCS no growth was observed under microaerophilic or anaerobic conditions in either group. The MICs of TCS for all isolates ranged from 125 to 1000 μg/mL in both groups. Species common to both groups had similar MICs. Veillonella parvula and Campylobacter gracilis were the most frequent isolates from both groups, with similar MICs in both groups.ConclusionThe use of TCS‐containing toothpaste did not appear to lead to an increase in MIC of TCS of oral bacterial isolates.
Fiat Money, Individual Rationality and Production
Authors: Weir Diarmid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWallace's ‘Monetary Dictum’ insists that monetary models must specify why the monetary object is so used. Another important specification is that the use of this object as money should always be individually rational. We construct a model of ‘team production’ under uncertainty with a contract where a ‘hostage’ in the form of future purchasing power is handed over. The model is extended to show the rational development of banks as hierarchical enforcement mechanisms and government backing of the monetary system. The link thus established between money issue and production may be useful for the analysis of monetary policy.
Onychomycosis in close quarter living review of the literature
Authors: Gazes Michael I. , Zeichner Joshua 
Published: May 2013

SummaryOnychomycosis is defined as a fungal infection of the nail bed and/or nail plate. The prevalence of onychomycosis has increased dramatically as a worldwide condition in the twentieth century due to occlusive footwear, global wars and natural migration. Risk factors generally leading to onychomycosis development include bodily spread of dermatophyte and non‐dermatophyte tinea pedis, peripheral vascular disease, damaged nails via sports and trauma, older age, genetics, immunodeficiency and diabetes. Many publications discuss prevalence, symptoms and treatment of the disease in individual cases, hospitals or specific locations, but few strongly link the cause of onychomycosis to living environments. This is a review of the current literature on the prevalence of onychomycosis and its relationship to surrounding living environments of those infected. A Pubmed search was performed with ‘onychomycosis’. Articles were selected based on the relevance to close quarter living environments. All ages can be affected with onychomycosis, ranging from children in boarding schools to elderly in nursing homes. Although not directly linking living environments to transmission and infection in all articles reviewed, onychomycosis was very prevalent in many different close quarter living settings, including within families, boarding schools, military quarters and nursing homes. This review demonstrates that various close quarter living environments are highly associated with increased transmission and infection with onychomycosis.