bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous‐wave differential absorption lidar
Authors: Mei Liang , Brydegaard Mikkel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis work proves the feasibility of a novel concept of differential absorption lidar based on the Scheimpflug principle. The range‐resolved atmospheric backscattering signal of a laser beam is retrieved by employing a tilted linear sensor with a Newtonian telescope, satisfying the Scheimpflug condition. Infinite focus depth is achieved despite employing a large optical aperture. The concept is demonstrated by measuring the range‐resolved atmospheric oxygen concentration with a tunable continuous‐wave narrow‐band laser diode emitting around 761 nm over a path of one kilometer during night time. Laser power requirements for daytime operation are also investigated and validated with single‐band atmospheric aerosol measurements by employing a broad‐band 3.2‐W laser diode. The results presented in this work show the potential of employing the continuous‐wave differential absorption lidar (CW‐DIAL) technique for remote profiling of atmospheric gases in daytime if high‐power narrow‐band continuous‐wave light sources were to be employed.
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Tuning the refractive index in 3D direct laser writing lithography: towards GRIN microoptics
Authors: Žukauskas Albertas , Matulaitienė Ieva , Paipulas Domas , Niaura Gediminas , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Gadonas Roaldas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report a study of the determination of polymer cross‐linking, namely the degree of conversion and refractive index of the microstructures created by two‐photon polymerization (TPP). The influence of TPP processing parameters such as laser intensity and scanning velocity is investigated. The degree of conversion is analyzed via Raman microspectroscopy and the refractive index is measured with the interferometric technique employing a Michelson interferometer. Moreover, the relationship between these two properties is revealed and details are discussed. The largest refractive index change that we have obtained is of the order of 10−2. Finally, we propose and demonstrate experimentally the realization of the gradient‐index (GRIN) structure, resulting from a laser‐induced local refractive index modification due to monomer cross‐linking, i.e. degree of conversion. This work implies that the TPP technique is a valuable tool for the fabrication of GRIN microoptics for (in)homogeneous molding of light flow at the micrometer scale.
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Directed Self‐Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Thin Films on Prepatterned Metal Nanoarrays
Authors: Chang Tongxin , Huang Haiying , He Tianbai 
Published: October 2015

The sequential layer by layer self‐assembly of block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterns is an effective approach to construct 3D nanostructures. Here large‐scale highly ordered metal nano­arrays prepared from solvent annealed thin films of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) diblock copolymer are used to direct the assembly of the same BCP. The influence of initial loading concentration of metal precursor, the type of metal nanoparticle (gold, platinum, and silver), and the nanoparticle–substrate interaction on the directed assembly behavior of the upper BCP layer have been focused. It is found that the upper BCP film can be completely directed by the gold nanoarray with P2VP domain exclusively located between two adjacent gold nanowires or nanodots, which behaves the same way as on the platinum nanoarray. While the silver nanoarray can be destroyed during the upper BCP self‐assembly with the silver nanoparticles assembled into the P2VP domain. Based on the discussions of the surface energy of nanoparticles and the interplay between nanoparticle–substrate interaction and nanoparticle–polymer interaction, it is concluded that the effect of immobilization of nanoparticles on the substrate, together with entropy effect to minimize the energetically unfavorable chain stretching contributes to the most effective alignment between each layer.
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Field trial of an automated ground‐based infrared cloud classification system
Authors: Rumi Emal , Kerr David , Sandford Andrew , Coupland Jeremy , Brettle Mike 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAutomated classification of cloud types using a ground‐based infrared (IR) imager can provide invaluable high‐resolution and localized information for air traffic controllers. Observations can be made consistently, continuously in real time and accurately during both day and night operation. Details of a field trial of an automated, ground‐based IR cloud classification system are presented. The system was designed at Campbell Scientific Ltd. in collaboration with Loughborough University, UK. The main objective of the trial was to assess the performance of an automated IR camera system with a lightning detector in classifying several types of clouds, specifically cumulonimbus and towering cumulus, during continuous day and night operation. Results from the classification system were compared with those obtained from Meteorological Aerodrome Reports (METAR) and with data generated by the UK Meteorological Office from their radar‐ and sferics‐automated cloud reports system. In comparisons with METAR data, a probability of detection of up to 82% was achieved, together with a minimum probability of false detection of 18%.
Improved skin flap survival in venous ischemia‐reperfusion injury with the use of adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Lim Young Min , Park Sang Wook , Lee Su Jin , Rhie Jong Won , Lee Jung Ho 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of stem cell therapy as an adjuvant treatment for congested skin flap.MethodSprague‐Dawley rats (n = 21) were randomized into three groups. In group I, the flap was sutured without venous ischemia. In group II, the vein was selectively clamped for 4 hours, and complete medium was administered upon clamp removal. In group III, ADSCs were administered upon removing the clamp. On postoperative day 7, the survival areas and the histopathologic findings were assessed. In addition, the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB was assessed using immunofluorescent staining and western blot analyses.ResultsCompared with group II, group III showed significantly increased flap survival (31.2% ± 11.9% vs. 51.6% ± 13.6%, P < 0.05). The degree of histological abnormalities was significantly lower in group III than in group II (9.38% ± 1.39 vs. 6.46% ± 2.57, P < 0.05). In addition, in group III, the expression of NF‐κB was significantly lower (0.51 ± 0.21 vs. 0.34 ± 0.21, P < 0.05), whereas that of HO‐1 was significantly higher (0.25 ± 0.11 vs. 0.43 ± 0.18, P < 0.01). Immunofluorescent staining also showed more HO‐1‐positive cells in group III than in group II (10.9% ± 1.6% vs. 16.0% ± 1.7%, P < 0.01).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that treatment with ADSCs significantly increased flap survival in venous ischemia‐reperfusion conditions. Further investigation of these protective effects and optimization of the treatment protocol could make cell therapy a viable treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:645–652, 2015.
Coexpression of Multiple ABC‐Transporters is Strongly Associated with Treatment Response in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bartholomae Stephan , Gruhn Bernd , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Zimmermann Martin , Creutzig Ursula , Reinhardt Dirk , Steinbach Daniel 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundTo analyze whether expression of ABC‐transporters is associated with remission rate and long‐term outcome in a prospective clinical trial of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML).ProcedureThe expression of four ABC‐transporter genes (ABCA3 encoding drug transporter ABCA3, ABCB1 encoding multidrug resistance protein 1, ABCC3 encoding multidrug resistance‐associated protein 3, and ABCG2 encoding breast cancer resistance protein) was measured by TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction in pretreatment samples from 112 children with AML. Patients were treated according to multicenter study AML‐Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich (BFM) 2004.ResultsABCC3 (P = 0.009) and ABCG2 (P = 0.03) were associated with a lower chance to achieve remission after the first course of chemotherapy. ABCC3 was associated with lower relapse free survival (RFS) (P = 0.02). ABCG2 was expressed at higher levels in subtypes of AML with favorable outcome but within standard‐ and high‐risk patients, it was associated with poor outcome (P = 0.02). A strong association was observed between the number of overexpressed ABC‐transporters and the chance to achieve remission (P = 0.01) or the chance of RFS (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe intensive treatment regimen of AML‐BFM 2004 did not readily overcome drug resistance caused by ABC‐transporters. Inhibition of ABC‐transporters might be particularly useful in patients who express multiple of these genes.
Tin sulfide films by spray pyrolysis technique using L‐cysteine as a novel sulfur source
Authors: Polivtseva Svetlana , Acik Ilona Oja , Katerski Atanas , Mere Arvo , Mikli Valdek , Krunks Malle 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTin sulfide films were deposited by spray pyrolysis method using aqueous solutions containing tin chloride (SnCl2) and L‐cysteine (HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH) as a novel source of sulfur instead of commonly used thiourea. L‐cysteine prevents SnCl2 from hydrolysis due to a complex formation as confirmed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy studies. The solution that contained SnCl2 (Sn) and L‐cysteine (S) at molar ratios of Sn:S=1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 was sprayed onto glass substrates at varied temperatures between 200 °C and 370 °C. Films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Accord‐ ing to XRD, spray of the 1:1 solution results in films that are composed of SnS as a main crystalline phase. An unidentified crystalline phase was present independent of the growth temperature. Single phase SnS films with bandgap value of 1.7 eV could be grown using the 1:2 solution at deposition temperature of 370 °C. Films grown from 1:4 solutions are amorphous using deposition temperatures below 370 °C, and composed of a mixture of SnS and Sn2S3 phases when grown at 370 °C. EDX study shows that SnS films contain high amount of carbon and oxygen containing residues independent of the deposition temperature and precursors' molar ratio in the spray solution. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of solar data estimation models for four cities in Iran
Authors: Jahani Elham , Sadati S. M. Sajed , Yousefzadeh Moslem 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe estimated solar resources are important for designing renewable energy systems since measured data are not always available. The estimation models have been introduced in several studies. These models are mainly dependent on local meteorological data and need to be assessed for different locations and times. The current study compares the results of Angstrom's model and a neural network (NN) model developed for this study with measured data for four cities in Iran. The time resolution for the estimated global horizontal insolation is monthly. The results show that the developed NN model has promising performance and considering the calibration process for Angstrom's model it can be used as an alternative. The NN model uses climatic data to estimate the solar insolation which makes it more flexible in terms of being applicable for different regions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu2SnS3 based solar cell with 3% efficiency
Authors: Chierchia R. , Pigna F. , Valentini M. , Malerba C. , Salza E. , Mangiapane P. , Polichetti T. , Mittiga A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCu2SnS3 is an earth abundant material suitable for photovoltaic applications. Unfortunately, the material still suffers of a low diffusion length of the carriers due to the presence of spurious phases, voids, defects and small grain size. In order to improve the quality of our samples, the influence of the deposition parameters on its structural properties has been studied. The solar cell obtained with the optimized Cu2SnS3 has shown an external quantum yield larger than 80% around 500 nm a conversion efficiency in the order of 3%, a Jsc of 26 mA and a Voc of 240 mV, one of the world best result obtained with a Cu2SnS3 based solar cell. Furthermore the external quantum yield at wavelength larger than 1200 nm is still around 30% making this material interesting for IR detectors also. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy transfer between Tl+‐type impurities in NaCl crystals
Authors: Iguchi Akitoshi , Kawai Taketoshi , Mizoguchi Kohji 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have investigated the energy transfer from Tl+ centers to In+ centers at RT in co‐doped NaCl:Tl+, In+ crystals by measuring absorption, photo‐excitation, luminescence and time‐resolved spectra. The A' luminescence band of the In+ centers is observed under excitation at the absorption band of the Tl+ centers. The A' luminescence band of the Tl+ centers measured at a forward configuration exhibits a dent structure at 4.2 eV corresponding to the A absorption band of the In+ centers. The facts indicate the existence of the energy transfer from the Tl+ to In+ centers through the emission‐reabsorption mechanism. On the other hand, the A' luminescence of the Tl+ centers shows a non‐exponential decay profile. As the concentration of the In+ centers increases, the non‐exponential decay profile becomes faster. The resonance energy transfer giving the non‐exponential decay profile is discussed on the basis of the dipole‐dipole interaction. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wait…This Counts as Reading?
Authors: Dempsey Allison 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany sixth grade students think they are telling the truth when they complain, “Reading is boring.” However, they don't realize what sort of activities encompass reading. As a teacher with a few years of experience, I am finding new ways to engage reluctant readers and show them reading can take many different forms. In this essay, I describe how I have felt defeated by student reluctance toward reading as well as how I am learning a different approach by surveying my students’ interests. These interest surveys fuel my read‐aloud selections and help me arm myself with literate materials seemingly tailored to my students. The students, at first, are surprised some of these materials “count as reading.”
Using Coding Apps to Support Literacy Instruction and Develop Coding Literacy
Authors: Hutchison Amy , Nadolny Larysa , Estapa Anne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article the authors present the concept of Coding Literacy and describe the ways in which coding apps can support the development of Coding Literacy and disciplinary and digital literacy skills. Through detailed examples, we describe how coding apps can be integrated into literacy instruction to support learning of the Common Core English Language Arts standards. The authors also provide suggestions for getting started with coding apps and discuss aspects of instruction for teachers to consider as they plan to integrate coding apps into their classrooms.
Outcome and toxicity assessment of feline small cell lymphoma: 56 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Pope Kendra V. , Tun Alex E. , McNeill Conor J. , Brown Dorothy C. , Krick Erika L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFeline small cell lymphoma is associated with greater response to treatment and survival when compared to large cell lymphoma. Treatment‐associated toxicity, response to rescue chemotherapy and prognostic factors are largely unknown. This retrospective study was performed to identify treatment‐associated toxicity, response to rescue chemotherapy and treatment outcome for cats diagnosed with small cell lymphoma of various anatomic locations. Medical records from 56 cats were evaluated. All cats were treated with glucocorticoid and chlorambucil with discontinuation of treatment recommended at 1 year if complete clinical response was documented. Chemotherapy toxicity was uncommon (33.9%) and generally mild. GradeIIIorIVhepatotoxicity was documented in 10.7% of patients. Overall response rate was 85.7% with glucocorticoid and chlorambucil. Median progression‐free survival was 1078 days. Overall response rate for rescue chemotherapy was 59%. Reintroduction of prednisone and chlorambucil was associated with significantly longer survival than prednisone and lomustine (>1500 vs. 492 days,P = 0.01). Median overall survival times for cats with lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract was not significantly different from those with extra‐intestinal disease locations (1148 vs. 1375 days,P = 0.23). Median overall survival was 1317 days. Toxicity, other than hepatotoxicity was mild. Rescue chemotherapy with re‐introduction of glucocorticoids and chlorambucil was most successful. Discontinuation of glucocorticoid and chlorambucil with subsequent reintroduction as rescue chemotherapy appears to be just as effective as continued administration in cats.
Sliding window energy detection for spectrum sensing under low SNR conditions
Authors: Tian Xin , Tian Zhi , Blasch Erik , Pham Khanh , Shen Dan , Chen Genshe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor spectrum sensing, energy detection has the advantages of low complexity, rapid analysis, and requires no knowledge of the transmission signal, which makes it suitable for a wide range of applications. However, under low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions, the required window length (or the time‐bandwidth product) for energy detection to achieve a desired detection performance is large. In addition, conventional energy detection assumes that the detection tests are independent, that is, there is no overlap between individual detection tests. These properties significantly reduce the detection speed when energy detection is used for the continuous monitoring over a communication channel for the detection of signal transmission activities. In this paper, we propose a sliding window detection analysis with overlap among multiple tests. Algorithms for effective performance analysis of the proposed sliding window energy detection are proposed. The impact of window length on distribution of detection time is investigated. Simulation results on the proposed sliding window energy detection are also compared with the theoretically predicted and conventional energy detection performance estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Care of Our Hybrid Selves: Ethics in Times of Technical Mediation
Authors: Dorrestijn Steven 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhat can the art of living after Foucault contribute to ethics in relation to the mediation of human existence by technology? To develop the relation between technical mediation and ethics, firstly the theme of technical mediation is elaborated in line with Foucault’s notion of ethical problematization. Every view of what technology does to us at the same time expresses an ethical concern about technology. The contemporary conception of technical mediation tends towards the acknowledgement of ongoing hybridization, not ultimately good or bad but ambivalent, which means for us the challenge of taking care of ourselves as hybrid beings. Secondly, the work of Foucault provides elements for imagining this care for our hybrid selves, notably his notions of freedom as a practice and of the care of the self. A conclusions about technical mediation and ethics is that whereas the approaches of the delegation of morality to technology by Latour and mediated morality by Verbeek see technical mediation of behavior and moral outlook as an answer in ethics, this should rather be considered the problem that ethics is about.
Formation of Benzo(a)pyrene in Sesame Seeds During the Roasting Process for Production of Sesame Seed Oil
Authors: Cheng Weiwei , Liu Guoqin , Wang Xuede , Liu Xinqi , Liu Bingge 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe main aim of this research was to enhance the understanding of the formation mechanisms of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) during roasting of sesame seeds (SS). BaP levels in hot‐ and cold‐pressed sesame seed oil (SSO) were evaluated to correlate oil technology and BaP formation. Extracted principal components from SS were roasted either singly or in mixtures at 230 °C for 30 min. BaP was measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results showed that BaP levels in hot‐pressed SSO were significantly higher than those in cold‐pressed SSO (p < 0.05), BaP formation mostly occurred during SS roasting and increased with roasting temperature (between 80 and 280 °C) and time (from 10 to 50 min). Furthermore, the BaP level in the roasted hulled SS (3.64 μg/kg) was higher than it was in roasted whole SS (1.63 μg/kg). The maximum BaP level observed (5.03 μg/kg) was detected in a roasted mixture of SS protein and SSO. The addition of sesame protein to protein‐free SSO promoted the formation of BaP, which suggests that the pyrolysis products of protein and triacylglycerols are probably important precursors in BaP formation.
Investigation of a Case of Genotype 5a Hepatitis C Virus Transmission in a French Hemodialysis Unit Using Epidemiologic Data and Deep Sequencing
Authors: Aho-Glélé L. S. , Giraudon H. , Astruc K. , Soltani Z. , Lefebvre A. , Pothier P. , Bour J. B. , Manoha C. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. A patient was recently found to be HCV seropositive during hemodialysis follow-up.OBJECTIVETo determine whether nosocomial transmission had occurred and which viral populations were transmitted.DESIGNHCV transmission case.SETTINGA dialysis unit in a French hospital.METHODSMolecular and epidemiologic investigations were conducted to determine whether 2 cases were related. Risk analysis and auditing procedures were performed to determine the transmission pathway(s).RESULTSSequence analyses of the NS5b region revealed a 5a genotype in the newly infected patient. Epidemiologic investigations suggested that a highly viremic genotype 5a HCV-infected patient who underwent dialysis in the same unit was the source of the infection. Phylogenetic analysis of NS5b and hypervariable region-1 sequences revealed a genetically related virus (>99.9% nucleotide identity). Deep sequencing of hypervariable region-1 indicated that HCV quasispecies were found in the source whereas a single hypervariable region-1 HCV variant was found in the newly infected patient, and that this was identical to the major variant identified in the source patient. Risk analysis and auditing procedures were performed to determine the transmission pathway(s). Nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission via healthcare workers’ hands was the most likely explanation. In our dialysis unit, this unique incident led to the adjustment of infection control policy.CONCLUSIONSThe data support transmission of a unique variant from a source with a high viral load and genetic diversity. This investigation also underlines the need to periodically evaluate prevention and control practices.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2016;37(2):134–139