bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Microplasma Light Emission
Authors: Blajan M. , Fukunaga H. , Shimizu K. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEmission spectroscopy analysis was used to study the microplasma phenomena. The microplasma discharge in Ar, N2/Ar and O2/Ar was analyzed in the discharge gap area and spatial distribution of active species was measured also outside the electrodes. Spatial and temporal distribution showed the propagation of light emission from anode towards cathode within a time period of 190 ns. The measurement of OH peak at 308.9 nm proved the existence of this excited species 1 mm outside the electrodes area.
Separated Anode Experiment to Measure Gas Transport and Methane Reforming within Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Richards Amy E. , Sullivan Neal P. , Zhu Huayang , Kee Robert J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSolid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance depends greatly upon electrode design. The composite anode plays a critical role in fuel reforming, especially when hydrocarbons are included in the fuel mixture. Because direct observation of fuel reforming in a functioning SOFC is difficult, if not impossible, an alternative experimental configuration is needed to evaluate anode performance. The Separated Anode Experiment (SAE) is designed to isolate and study porous-media transport and heterogeneous reforming chemistry in SOFC anodes. Although the experiment does not incorporate a dense electrolyte membrane or a cathode, it is configured to replicate important aspects of anode behavior in a fully operational SOFC. The experiment is also designed to facilitate model-based interpretation of the results. Comparisons of two significantly different anode structures are used to illustrate the experimental and modeling capabilities.
Fragment Size and Planting Depth Affect the Regenerative Capacity of Bushkiller (Cayratia japonica)
Authors: West Amanda M. , Lewis Dustin F. , Richardson Robert J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBushkiller (Cayratia japonica) is a herbaceous, perennial vine that reproduces from seed and vegetative root structures within its native range. However, this species is considered invasive in the United States due to prolific shoot production, which can overtop surrounding vegetation. Cultural control practices, such as mulching, have been observed to further the spread of this species through regeneration of root fragments. Research was conducted to determine the regenerative capacity of bushkiller root fragments (1 to 7 cm; 2.5 to 18 inches) buried at various depths (0 to 40 cm). Root length and planting depth affected leaf number, shoot number, plant height, and shoot biomass. Bushkiller leaf density, shoot density, plant height, and dry weight increased as root fragment length increased from 1 to 7 cm; conversely, these variables decreased as planting depth increased from 0 to 40 cm. Results indicate bushkiller regeneration capacity from root fragments is extremely high and control practices that fragment roots should be avoided to reduce further spread.
Ecological Characteristics of Sites Invaded by Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare)
Authors: Abella Scott R. , Chiquoine Lindsay P. , Backer Dana M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the ecological characteristics of areas invaded and not invaded by exotic plants is a priority for invasive plant science and management. Buffelgrass is an invasive perennial species that managers view as a major threat to indigenous ecosystems of conservation lands in Australia, Mexico, the United States, and other locations where the species is not native. At 14 sites in Saguaro National Park in the Arizona Uplands of the Sonoran Desert, we compared the soil, vegetation, and soil seed bank of patches invaded and not invaded by buffelgrass. Abiotic variables, such as slope aspect and soil texture, did not differ between buffelgrass patches and patches without buffelgrass. In contrast, variables under primarily biotic control differed between patch types. Soil nutrients, such as organic C and NO3–N, were approximately twofold greater in buffelgrass compared with nonbuffelgrass patches. Average native species richness was identical (14 species 100 m−2) between patch types, but native plant cover was 43% lower in buffelgrass patches. Unexpectedly, native seed-bank densities did not differ significantly between patch types and were 40% greater than buffelgrass seed density below buffelgrass canopies. Results suggest that (1) soil nutrient status should not be unfavorable for native plant colonization at buffelgrass sites if buffelgrass is treated; (2) at least in the early stages of buffelgrass patch formation (studied patches were about 10 yr old), native vegetation species were not excluded, but rather, their cover was reduced; and (3) native soil seed banks were not reduced in buffelgrass patches.
Repeated Herbicide Application for Control of Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) and the Effects on Nontarget Vegetation on Everglade Tree Islands
Authors: Hutchinson Jeffrey T. , Langeland Kenneth A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effects of annual, aerial and ground, herbicide treatments with glyphosate and metsulfuron were evaluated for control of Old World climbing fern (OWCF) and effects on native plants on tree islands in Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge during 2006 to 2009. Initial aerial herbicide treatments reduced OWCF cover by greater than 98% on metsulfuron-treated islands and greater than 88% on glyphosate-treated islands, but there was a concomitant decrease in native ground cover with both herbicides. Follow-up ground treatments, during years two and three of the study, were effective at maintaining low levels of OWCF. OWCF cover at the end of the study was 1 to 2% of pretreatment cover on metsulfuron-treated islands and 8 to 10% on glyphosate-treated islands. At the end of the study (3 yr after treatment), species richness was dominated by ruderal native species not typically found on tree islands. The survival rate of tree and shrubs was 65 to 93% on islands treated with metsulfuron and 6 to 20% on islands treated with glyphosate. Minimum effects were recorded for canopy cover on tree islands treated with metsulfuron compared with glyphosate. These data indicate that the aerial application of metsulfuron can be used for control of OWCF on tree islands. Follow-up ground treatments will be required for OWCF regrowth and new sporelings and should be conducted within 1 yr of the aerial application.
Landscape-Scale Rehabilitation of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe
Authors: Sheley Roger L. , Vasquez Edward A. , Chamberlain Anna-Marie , Smith Brenda S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProducers facing infestations of invasive annual grasses regularly voice the need for practical revegetation strategies that can be applied across broad landscapes. Our objective was to determine the potential for scaling up the single-entry approach for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland to broader, more heterogeneous landscape-scale revegetation of winter annual grass–infested rangeland. We hypothesized, when applied on a highly variable landscape scale, the combination of imazapic and seeding would provide highest abundance of perennial grasses and lowest amount of annual grasses. Treatments included a control, seeding of crested wheatgrass (‘Hycrest’) and Sandberg's bluegrass, spraying (60 g ai ha−1 imazapic), and a simultaneously applied combination of spraying and seeding. The HyCrest and Sandberg's bluegrass seeding rates were 19 and 3.4 kg ha−1, respectively. The treatments were applied to large plots (1.4 to 8 ha) and replicated five times, with each replication located in different watersheds throughout southeastern Oregon. This study shows that the single-entry approach can be scaled up to larger landscapes, but variation within establishment areas will likely be high. This procedure should reduce the costs over multientry treatment applications and make revegetating annual grass–infested rangeland across landscapes more affordable.
Superior Labrum Anterior-to-Posterior Tear
Authors: Sum Jonathan C. , Omid Reza 
Published: November 2012

The patient was a 25-year-old male college student with a chief complaint of right shoulder pain. The patient was initially diagnosed with bicipital tendinitis by his physician and had been treated for 4 weeks by a physical therapist. However, his symptoms did not improve and he was unable to return to his preinjury activity levels, so he sought the services of another physical therapist for a second opinion. Due to concern for a labrum tear, the physical therapist referred the patient to an orthopaedic surgeon. Magnetic resonance arthrography revealed findings consistent with a superior labrum anterior-to-posterior tear. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(12):1050. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.0420
Redressing the Black Crook: The Dancing Tableau of Melodrama
Authors: Rogers Bradley 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT: This article claims that modern musical theatre began when dancers transformed the static tableaux of melodrama into episodes of singing and dancing. Though static, the melodramatic tableau had long been understood as suggesting incipient action; the musical distinguished itself generically by realizing this potential energy. The tableau vivant and the pose plastique had already laid the groundwork by deploying women’s bodies to depict the melodramatic realm of ideality upon which melodrama focused. However, while melodrama valorized the arresting of a woman’s body, the musical celebrated instead her performing power. It is precisely this use of women’s bodies simultaneously as signifier of a mythic realm of melodramatic virtue and as eroticized yet empowered spectacle that creates the musical’s affective disintegration. This genealogy demands that we reconsider the role of The Black Crook in theatre history, since it links the traditions of melodrama, posing entertainments, and musical theatre.
Structural brain injury in sports-related concussion
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L. , Kuhn Andrew , Dewan Michael C. , Morone Peter J. , Forbes Jonathan A. , Solomon Gary S. , Sills Allen K. 
Published: November 2012

Object
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) represent a significant and growing public health concern. The vast majority of SRCs produce mild symptoms that resolve within 1–2 weeks and are not associated with imaging-documented changes. On occasion, however, structural brain injury occurs, and neurosurgical management and intervention is appropriate.

Methods
A literature review was performed to address the epidemiology of SRC with a targeted focus on structural brain injury in the last half decade. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched to identify all studies pertaining to structural head injury in sports-related head injuries.

Results
The literature review yielded a variety of case reports, several small series, and no prospective cohort studies.

Conclusions
The authors conclude that reliable incidence and prevalence data related to structural brain injuries in SRC cannot be offered at present. A prospective registry collecting incidence, management, and follow-up data after structural brain injuries in the setting of SRC would be of great benefit to the neurosurgical community.
Evaluation of the hematoma consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a rat model of pontine hemorrhage
Authors: Lekic Tim , Rolland William , Manaenko Anatol , Krafft Paul R. , Kamper Joel E. , Suzuki Hidenori , Hartman Richard E. , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: November 2012

Object
Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) represents approximately 7% of all intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and is a clinical condition of which little is known. The aim of this study was to characterize the early brain injury, neurobehavioral outcome, and long-term histopathology in a novel preclinical rat model of PPH.

Methods
The authors stereotactically infused collagenase (Type VII) into the ventral pontine tegmentum of the rats, in accordance with the most commonly affected clinical region. Measures of cerebrovascular permeability (brain water content, hemoglobin assay, Evans blue, collagen Type IV, ZO-1, and MMP-2 and MMP-9) and neurological deficit were quantified at 24 hours postinfusion (Experiment 1). Functional outcome was measured over a 30-day period using a vertebrobasilar scale (the modified Voetsch score), open field, wire suspension, beam balance, and inclined-plane tests (Experiment 2). Neurocognitive ability was determined at Week 3 using the rotarod (motor learning), T-maze (working memory), and water maze (spatial learning and memory) (Experiment 3), followed by histopathological analysis 1 week later (Experiment 4).

Results
Stereotactic collagenase infusion caused dose-dependent elevations in hematoma volume, brain edema, neurological deficit, and blood-brain barrier rupture, while physiological variables remained stable. Functional outcomes mostly normalized by Week 3, whereas neurocognitive deficits paralleled the cystic cavitary lesion at 30 days. Obstructive hydrocephalus did not develop despite a clinically relevant 30-day mortality rate (approximately 54%).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the model can mimic several translational aspects of pontine hemorrhage in humans and can be used in the evaluation of potential preclinical therapeutic interventions.
The enigma of bifocal germ cell tumors in the suprasellar and pineal regions: synchronous lesions or metastasis?
Authors: Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki , Lee Joongyub , Park Chul-Kee , Kim Il Han , Ahn Hyo Seop , Shin Hee Young , Kim In-One , Jung Hee-Won , Kim Dong Gyu , Paek Sun Ha , Wang Kyu-Chang 
Published: November 2012

Object
Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) frequently present with bifocal lesions in both the suprasellar and pineal areas. The pathogenesis of these bifocal GCTs has been the subject of controversy. Bifocal GCTs may be caused by synchronous tumors or by metastatic spread of tumor cells from one site to the other. The prognosis associated with bifocal GCTs has also been a cause of concern.

Methods
The authors constructed a single-institution patient cohort comprising 181 patients with intracranial GCTs. The clinical characteristics of bifocal GCTs were compared with those of suprasellar and pineal GCTs.

Results
Bifocal GCTs were observed in 23 patients (12.8%). Eighteen patients presented with bifocal GCTs that were diagnosed as germinomas, but 5 patients exhibited mixed GCTs. Analyses of age distributions and comparisons of tumor sizes were compatible with a model of a metastatic origin of bifocal GCTs. Eleven patients (47.8%) presenting with bifocal GCTs exhibited tumor seeding at presentation. Tumor seeding was significantly associated with bifocal lesions (p < 0.001). Patients with bifocal germinomas showed significantly shorter event-free survival and overall survival than did those presenting with germinomas from a single site of origin.

Conclusions
Bifocal GCTs are not restricted to germinomas, as had been previously reported, but do include mixed GCTs. The authors hypothesize that bifocal GCTs may result from the metastatic spread of suprasellar or pineal GCTs. The bifocal presentation of germinomas may be a poor prognostic sign and should alert clinicians to the possibility of a disseminated disease.
Incidental durotomy during lumbar spine surgery: risk factors and anatomic locations
Authors: Takahashi Yoshimasa , Sato Tetsuro , Hyodo Hironori , Kawamata Tomomaro , Takahashi Eiji , Miyatake Naohisa , Tokunaga Masako 
Published: November 2012

Object
Incidental durotomy (dural tear) is a common complication of lumbar spine surgery. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomical location of and the specific causative factors for incidental durotomy during primary lumbar spine surgery.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed 1014 consecutive cases involving patients (412 women and 602 men; mean age 57 years; age range 11–97 years) who underwent a surgical procedure for treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal disease at their institution between 2002 and 2008. In total, 1261 disc levels were treated surgically. Disease at the treated levels included 544 disc herniations, 453 instances of spinal canal stenosis without spondylolisthesis, 188 instances of lumbar spinal canal stenosis with spondylolisthesis (degenerative spondylolisthesis), 49 instances of combined stenosis (stenosis with disc herniation), and 22 juxtafacet cysts. In 5 of the treated levels, the condition was classified as “other” disease. Treatment included fenestration with discectomy in 547 levels, fenestration alone in 626, fenestration with resection of juxtafacet cysts in 22, unilateral recapping laminoplasty in 20, posterolateral spinal fusion or posterior lumbar interbody fusion in 17, microscopic discectomy with tubular retractor in 14, and “other” in 15.

Results
Unintended durotomy occurred in 4% of cases and in 3.3% of disc levels. The incidence of dural tear was significantly higher in women (5.6%) than in men (3%). The incidence of dural tear was 2% in disc levels with lumbar disc herniation, 1.8% with lumbar spinal canal stenosis without spondylolisthesis, 9% with degenerative spondylolisthesis, and 18.2% with juxtafacet cysts; the incidence was significantly higher in levels with degenerative spondylolisthesis or levels with juxtafacet cysts, than in those with other diseases. Incidental durotomy occurred in 4 critical anatomical zones, namely, the caudal margin of the cranial lamina, cranial margin of the caudal lamina, herniated disc level, and medial aspect of the facet joint adjacent to the insertion of the hypertrophic ligamentum flavum.

Conclusions
Risk factors for unintended durotomy were female sex, older age, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and juxtafacet cysts. In this study, the authors identified 4 high-risk anatomical zones that spine surgeons should be aware of to avoid dural tears.
A rare case of atlantooccipital dissociation in the context of occipitalization of the atlas, with a 2-year follow-up
Authors: Chaudhary Navjot , Wang Bill H. , Gurr Kevin R. , Bailey Stewart I. , Bailey Christopher S. 
Published: November 2012

Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) is a rare and often fatal injury. In cases of survival, residual deficits are severe and often include cranial nerve palsy, quadriplegia, or respiratory issues. Occipitalization is defined as partial or complete congenital fusion of the occiput to the atlas and is exceptionally rare.
The authors present a rare case of AOD superimposed on a congenital occipitalization of the atlas. This 39-year-old man had AOD following a motor vehicle collision. On examination, his overall motor score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale was 5/100, and his rectal tone was absent. Computed tomography demonstrated AOD in an area of occipitalization. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed ligamentous injury leading to C1–2 instability.
Intervention included occipital cervical instrumentation fusion from the occiput to C-3. Six months postoperatively, imaging revealed fusion of the graft and consolidation of the fractured occipitalization. At the 2-year follow-up, the patient's strength was 3/5 for wrist extension and handgrip on the right side and full strength in the rest of the myotomes. Bladder and bowel function was also normalized.
A high-velocity collision led to disruption of the atlantooccipital ligaments and fracture of the occipitalized lateral masses in this patient. Internal fixation and fusion led to good fusion postoperatively. Occipitalization probably led to abnormal joint mechanics at the C1-occiput junction, which might have altered the amount of force required to fracture the occipitalization and produce AOD. This difference may partially account for the favorable neurological outcome in the featured patient compared with traditional cases of AOD.
The 2012 AANS Presidential Address
Authors: McCormick Paul C. 
Published: November 2012

The theme of the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the title of this presidential address, “We are neurosurgery,” is a simple 3-word affirmation of who neurosurgeons are, what they have achieved, and how much there is yet to accomplish. Recent advances in neurobiology and the clinical neurosciences have brought an unprecedented understanding of the human nervous system in both health and disease. As a specialty, neurosurgery has translated knowledge, expanded techniques, and incorporated technology to exponentially expand the science and scope of neurosurgical practice.
However, the rapidly advancing, divergently evolving growth of neurosurgery has had profound effects on all aspects of neurosurgery. In this address, the author examines the contemporary meaning of the annual meeting's theme as it relates to the science, practice, specialty, and profession of neurosurgery, as well as the neurosurgeon. In doing so, the author reveals his interpretation of “We are neurosurgery,” which he hopes will have an effect on others.
Snowpack estimations in the starting zone of large-scale snow avalanches in the Makunosawa valley, Myoko, Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Yukari , Hirashima Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Makunosawa valley, Myoko, Japan, experiences frequent avalanches and is therefore ideally suited to study how meteorological elements influence avalanche activity. Since 2000, five large-scale snow avalanches with running distances >2000 m have been observed and some characteristics of these avalanches have been obtained. However, the characteristics of the snowpack in the starting zones could not be observed because they are too difficult to approach and no snow-pit observations have been carried out. We simulated the variations in the snowpack in the starting zone using the numerical snowpack model SNOWPACK with local meteorological data. The results indicate a layer of faceted crystals with low shear strength followed by rapid loading from snowfall was the cause of three avalanches in February. Conversely, no layer of faceted crystals was shown by the model before a January avalanche and we assume the sliding surface of the avalanche to be precipitation particles. The only wet-snow avalanche is attributed to a decrease in shear strength due to infiltration of meltwater and an increase in liquid water content in the boundary of two layers of different grain sizes.
Public Confession and the Moral Universe of the East African Revival
Authors: Bruner Jason 
Published: November 2012

When the East African Revival emerged as a distinct movement in Rwanda and Uganda in the early 1930s, one of its most noticeable and controversial characteristics was the prevalence of public confession of personal sin. The revival made public many of these sins that African converts had kept hidden. Many confessed to stealing objects or money from mission stations or other employers, others admitted to sexual indiscretions, others even brought ‘witchcraft’ objects to revival fellowship meetings in order to be burned. Revivalists learned to be morally perspicacious. They sought to locate any hint of sin from their own lives and often took the next step of publicly identifying others' sins. This paper analyses the content of what African revivalists named as ‘sinful’ as it was recorded by European missionaries and bishops, African Balokole and British District Commissioners. It argues that revivalists developed a common moral discourse through their public confessions and testimonies, which in turn formed a common moral imagination across the revival. The broader benefit of tracing the shifts of these definitions is that one can then observe how revivalists interacted with traditional taboos and social mores, as well as changes that stemmed from colonial systems of governance and economics. This paper, therefore, illustrates that the revival was distinctly appealing to people across various colonial and social boundaries because it allowed them to name particular threats to their spiritual and temporal lives while connecting them through a new sense of fellowship.