bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of resolution effects using a specialized diffusion tensor phantom
Authors: Bach Michael , Fritzsche Klaus H. , Stieltjes Bram , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe clinical potential of the diffusion imaging‐based analysis of fine brain structures such as fornix or cingulum is high due to the central role of these structures in psychiatric diseases. However, the quantification of diffusion parameters in fine structures is especially prone to partial volume effects (PVEs).MethodsIn this study, a phantom for the investigation of PVEs and their influence on diffusion parameters in fine structures of different diameter is presented. The phantom is produced by winding wet polyester fibers onto a spindle. The resulting fiber strands have well defined square cross‐sections of 1–25 mm2 and provide a homogeneous and high fractional anisotropy (FA ≈ 0.9).ResultsSeveral PVEs are demonstrated and analyzed. It is shown that inferred results such as the fiber geometry and diffusion parameters strongly depend on the relative position of the structure of interest to the voxel‐grid. Several implications of PVEs on post‐processing methods such as Tract‐based Spatial Statistics and fiber tractography are demonstrated.ConclusionThese results show that the handling of PVEs in common post‐processing tasks can be problematic, and that the presented phantom provides a valuable tool for the improvement and evaluation of these effects. Magn Reson Med 71:1108–1116, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kieselalgen für die Nanotechnik
Authors: Kröger Nils 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDas Silicagerüst der einzelligen Kieselalgen kann Bier filtern, Häuserwände dämmen und Zähne säubern. Mit Chemie und Biotechnik werden aus den nano‐ und mikrostrukturierten Zellwänden jetzt auch Enzymträger, Elektrodenmaterialien sowie Gas‐ und Biosensoren.
200 umsatzstarke Medikamente
Authors: Weber Fabian , Sedelmeier Gottfried 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEin Poster präsentiert Steckbriefe von Arzneimitteln, die zu den erfolgreichsten auf der Welt zählen. Wie sehen die Strukturen der Wirkstoffe aus? Wo wirken sie im menschlichen Körper?
Egon Uhlig und die Koordinationschemie in Jena
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLiganden, Komplexe und Übergangsmetalle waren seine Welt. Als einer der führenden Koordinationschemiker der DDR hat Egon Uhlig die anorganische Chemie an der Universität Jena geprägt.
Pfade durch den Informationsdschungel
Authors: Böhme Uwe , Tesch Silke 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVon Mikrofilmen und Sichtlochkarten hin zu Onlinedatenbanken: Die Suche nach Chemie‐ fachliteratur hat sich gewandelt. Eine Lehrveranstaltung an der TU Bergakademie Freiberg zeigt Chemiestudenten, wie sie sich bei der heutigen Informationsfülle zurechtfinden.
Long‐term neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular outcome after intrauterine transfusions for fetal anaemia: a review
Authors: Lindenburg Irene T. M. , van Klink Jeanine M. , Smits‐Wintjens Vivianne E. H. J. , van Kamp Inge L. , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPerinatal survival rates after intrauterine transfusions (IUT) for red cell alloimmunisation now exceed 90%, which demonstrates the safety and efficacy of one of the most successful procedures in fetal therapy. However, improved perinatal survival could lead to an increased number of children with long‐term disabilities. The importance of long‐term follow‐up studies in fetal therapy lies in both the necessity of evaluation of antenatal management as well as in evidence‐based preconceptional and prenatal counselling. This review describes the possible long‐term cardiovascular and neurodevelopmental sequelae after IUT treatment for different indications including red cell alloimmunisation, parvovirus B19 infection, fetomaternal haemorrhage and twin anaemia‐polycythaemia sequence. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apraxia
Authors: Goldenberg Georg 
Published: May 2013

The term apraxia refers to ‘higher level’ disorders of motor control. Apraxia differs from other motor symptoms of unilateral brain damage by the bilaterality of symptoms following unilateral lesions. Lesions causing apraxia are located predominantly in the left hemisphere and apraxia is frequently, although not invariably, associated with aphasia. Examination for apraxia traditionally assesses imitation of gestures, performance of communicative gestures on command, and use of tools and objects. It has, however, been amply demonstrated that these three domains can be affected more or less independently from each other. This review discusses current topics of research and controversy from each of these domains concentrating on questions that are relevant for determining the border between motor and cognitive mechanisms underlying apraxic errors. For imitation, the proposal of a direct link from perception to motor execution is confronted with the hypothesis that body part coding is interpolated between perception and motor replication of gestures. Discussion of communicative gestures concentrates on pantomime of tool use and argues that pantomime is not equivalent to reproduction of the motor programs of actual tool use but that pantomimes are created by selection and combination of distinctive features of the object and its use. For tool use the boundary between visuo‐motor coordination and knowledge about tool use is addressed by discussion of the selection of grips for use or for transport of tools.WIREs Cogn Sci2013, 4:453–462. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1241This article is categorized under:Psychology > Brain Function and DysfunctionPsychology > Motor Skill and PerformanceNeuroscience > Clinical Neuroscience
Hexaamminecobalt(III) – Probing Metal Ion Binding Sites in Nucleic Acids by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rowinska‐Zyrek Magdalena , Skilandat Miriam , Sigel Roland K. O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHexaamminecobalt(III), an octahedral, inert metal ion complex, has lately gained increasing attention of structural biologists and bioinorganic chemists due to its use in structure determination of nucleic acids. This complex mimics outer‐sphere binding events of the physiologically relevant magnesium(II)hexaaqua ion; hexaamminecobalt(III) often finds usage either in NMR spectroscopy, where cross‐peaks between the complex ammines and the nucleic acid protons near the binding site are observed, in X‐ray spectroscopy as heavy metal derivative for phasing, or in other techniques. In this review, we discuss the basic hexaamminecobalt(III) binding modes and give an overview on the most recent findings on [Co(NH3)6]Cl3–nucleic acid complexes. The various techniques that are applied in combination with this complex are mentioned and briefly summarized. Special attention is given to the application of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nucleic acids, where it is used to reveal potential outer‐sphere magnesium binding sites.
On the Reactivity of the Silylene PhC(NtBu)2SiNPh2 toward Organic Substrates
Authors: Azhakar Ramachandran , Roesky Herbert W. , Wolf Hilke , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reactivity studies of stable silylenes with organo isothiocyanates are so far not reported. In this manuscript we describe for the first time the reaction of the stable silylene LSiNPh2 (1) [L = PhC(NtBu)2] with PhNCS to yield the silathione LSi(S)NPh2 (2), with elimination of PhNC. The reaction of PhC≡CPh with LSiNPh2 resulted in the [1+2]‐cycloaddition product silacyclopropene 3. Treatment of 1 with 3, 5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐benzoquinone yielded the [1+4]‐cycloaddition product 4. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and EI‐MS spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 2, 3, and 4 were established unequivocally by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
Saucerization: A Modified Uncapitonnage Method of Surgery for Pulmonary Hydatidosis
Authors: Mahmodlou Rahim , Sepehrvand Nariman , Nasiri Mahya 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are contrary opinions regarding the surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts. We report our experience performing a modified version of uncapitonnage surgery, called “saucerization,” for treating pulmonary hydatid cysts.MethodsA total of 78 patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts were studied regarding their surgery outcome and the complication rate. The procedure used for cyst evacuation depended on whether the cyst had ruptured. If ruptured, cystotomy was done; otherwise, enucleation was preferred. To deal with the residual cavity in an uncapitonnage manner, we removed the thin margins of the pericyst and closed the bronchial openings at the cavity floor. All patients were followed up at least for 6 months.ResultsThe intensive care unit stay ranged from 1 to 9 days. Incomplete lung expansion (six patients) was the main postoperative complication followed by wound infection (four patients) and persistent air leak (≥7 days) (one patient). There was one death. Dependence on mechanical ventilation and subsequent septic shock were also observed. The other patients exhibited no complications during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsOur experience demonstrated a low complication rate associated with removing the thin margins of the residual cavity and changing the shape of it into a “saucer.” The results were satisfactory and comparable to the results of other studies on pulmonary hydatid cysts.
Improved xylose fermentation ofKluyveromyces marxianusat elevated temperature through construction of a xylose isomerase pathway
Authors: Wang Rongliang , Li Lulu , Zhang Biao , Gao Xiaolian , Wang Dongmei , Hong Jiong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo improve the xylose fermentation ability of Kluyveromyces marxianus, a xylose assimilation pathway through xylose isomerase was constructed. The genes encoding xylose reductase (KmXyl1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (KmXyl2) were disrupted in K. marxianus YHJ010 and the resultant strain was named YRL002. A codon-optimized xylose isomerase gene from Orpinomyces was transformed into K. marxianus YRL002 and expressed under GAPDH promoter. The transformant was adapted in the SD medium containing 1 % casamino acid with 2 % xylose as sole carbon source. After 32 times of trans-inoculation, a strain named YRL005, which can grow at a specific growth rate of 0.137/h with xylose as carbon source, was obtained. K. marxianus YRL005 could ferment 30.15 g/l of xylose and produce 11.52 g/l ethanol with a yield of 0.38 g/g, production rate of 0.069 g/l/h at 42 °C, and also could ferment 16.60 g/l xylose to produce 5.21 g/l ethanol with a yield of 0.31 g/g, and production rate of 0.054 g/l h at 45 °C. Co-fermentation with 2 % glucose could not improve the amount and yield of ethanol fermented from xylose obviously, but it could improve the production rate. Furthermore, K. marxianus YRL005 can ferment with the corn cob hydrolysate, which contained 20.04 g/l xylose to produce 8.25 g/l ethanol. It is a good platform to construct thermo-tolerant xylose fermentation yeast.
Interference control in 6–11 year‐old children with and without ADHD: behavioral and ERP study
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Suhong , Ren Yanling , Zhang Yili , Cai Jing , Tu Wenjuan , Shen Huijuan , Dong Xuan , Xia Ying 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a hybrid Simon–spatial Stroop task. We compared interference control and conflict monitoring in children with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to examine developmental functional patterns. We found that children with ADHD exhibited lower accuracy rates and longer and more variable reaction time (RT) in both tasks, especially in the incongruent condition. In both controls and ADHD children, the accuracy rate increased and RT decreased with age. Major development in interference control occurred from 6–7 to 8 years in ADHD children and controls, yet only occurred from 9 to 10–11 years in normal children. The ERP results revealed that the N2 potentials were not significantly different from age‐matched controls in the two tasks and that the development pattern of conflict monitoring was not different in school age children with and without ADHD. Children with ADHD had normal conflict monitoring ability.
Quantifying Wikipedia Usage Patterns Before Stock Market Moves
Authors: Moat Helen Susannah , Curme Chester , Avakian Adam , Kenett Dror Y. , Stanley H. Eugene , Preis Tobias 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFinancial crises result from a catastrophic combination of actions. Vast stock market datasets offer us a window into some of the actions that have led to these crises. Here, we investigate whether data generated through Internet usage contain traces of attempts to gather information before trading decisions were taken. We present evidence in line with the intriguing suggestion that data on changes in how often financially related Wikipedia pages were viewed may have contained early signs of stock market moves. Our results suggest that online data may allow us to gain new insight into early information gathering stages of decision making.
Structural characterization of amorphous calcium carbonate-binding protein: an insight into the mechanism of amorphous calcium carbonate formation
Authors: Su Jingtan , Liang Xiao , Zhou Qiang , Zhang Guiyou , Wang Hongzhong , Xie Liping , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: May 2013

ACC (amorphous calcium carbonate) plays an important role in biomineralization process for its function as a precursor for calcium carbonate biominerals. However, it is unclear how biomacromolecules regulate the formation of ACC precursor in vivo. In the present study, we used biochemical experiments coupled with bioinformatics approaches to explore the mechanisms of ACC formation controlled by ACCBP (ACC-binding protein). Size-exclusion chromatography, chemical cross-linking experiments and negative staining electron microscopy reveal that ACCBP is a decamer composed of two adjacent pentamers. Sequence analyses and fluorescence quenching results indicate that ACCBP contains two Ca2+-binding sites. The results of in vitro crystallization experiments suggest that one Ca2+-binding site is critical for ACC formation and the other site affects the ACC induction efficiency. Homology modelling demonstrates that the Ca2+-binding sites of pentameric ACCBP are arranged in a 5-fold symmetry, which is the structural basis for ACC formation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structural basis for protein-induced ACC formation and it will significantly improve our understanding of the amorphous precursor pathway.
From the Classroom to the Courtroom
Authors: de Jongh Elena M. 
Published: May 2013

From the Classroom to the Courtroom: A guide to interpreting in the U.S. justice system offers a wealth of information that will assist aspiring court interpreters in providing linguistic minorities with access to fair and expeditious judicial proceedings. The guide will familiarize prospective court interpreters and students interested in court interpreting with the nature, purpose and language of pretrial, trial and post-trial proceedings. Documents, dialogues and monologues illustrate judicial procedures; the description of court hearings with transcripts creates a realistic model of the stages involved in live court proceedings.
The innovative organization of this guide mirrors the progression of criminal cases through the courts and provides readers with an accessible, easy-to-follow format. It explains and illustrates court procedure as well as provides interpreting exercises based on authentic materials from each successive stage. This novel organization of materials around the stages of the judicial process also facilitates quick reference without the need to review the entire volume — an additional advantage that makes this guide the ideal interpreters’ reference manual.
Supplementary instructional aids include recordings in English and Spanish and a glossary of selected legal terms in context.
Evidence for the dissemination of cryptic non-coding RNAs transcribed from intronic and intergenic segments by retroposition
Authors: Hahn Yoonsoo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Insertion of DNA segments is one mechanism by which genomes evolve. The bulk of genomic segments are now known to be transcribed into long and short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), promoter-associated transcripts and enhancer-templated transcripts. These various cryptic ncRNAs are thought to be dispersed in the human and other genomes by retroposition.
Results: In this study, I report clear evidence for dissemination of cryptic ncRNAs transcribed from intronic and intergenic segments by retroposition. I used highly stringent conditions to find recently retroposed ncRNAs that had a poly(A) tract and were flanked by target site duplication. I identified 73 instances of retroposition in the human, mouse, and rat genomes (12, 36 and 25 instances, respectively). The inserted segments, in some cases, served as a novel exon or promoter for the associated gene, resulting in novel transcript variants. Some disseminated sequences showed sequence conservation across animals, implying a possible regulatory role. My results indicate that retroposition is one of the mechanisms for dispersion of ncRNAs. I propose that these newly inserted segments may play a role in genome evolution by potentially functioning as novel exons, promoters or enhancers.
Contact: yoonsoo.hahn@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Policies and problems of online higher education in China: what we can learn from the development of “internet colleges”
Authors: Zhang Gaoming , Zhao Yong , Li Ning 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe relatively short history of internet colleges in China offers a glimpse of the potential of online education in the country and also reveals many of the problems involved in institutionalizing online education in an established system. This paper aims to present the development of online higher education in China by reviewing the development of “internet colleges”, examine the unique features of online higher education and the challenges it faces, and discuss the future directions of online higher education in China.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing major policies on online education in China and the development of “internet colleges” in the past two decades, this paper reviews the development of online higher education in China.FindingsThe development of online higher education in China has unique features: central control and the support from learning support centers affiliated with “internet colleges”. To further develop online higher education in China, it has to address two major challenges it is facing now: perceived low quality and prestige, and limited opportunities for international collaboration. Some of the problems are universal, such as quality assurance and the perception of quality and prestige. Some are unique to China, such as the direct involvement of the Ministry of Education in setting guidelines and regulations about online educational programs (though similar problems could arise in other centralized education systems where the government, rather than the market and the public, plays a major role).Originality/valueThe vast educational market in China and the potential of online education also present interesting opportunities for foreign higher education institutions.
Expansion of higher education and the employment crisis: policy innovations in China
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Dian , Lai Chun 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to review policy innovations in China for addressing the graduate unemployment crisis that has been created by the expansion of higher education in the past decade.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on government documents, research findings, and mass media reports to highlight the key measures of the Chinese government to alleviate the over‐education problem and to improve college graduates' employment prospects.FindingsThe review describes government efforts both at the institutional level to enhance student employability and at the national level to create alternative employment channels. The Chinese experiences show that the challenges posed by the graduate employment crisis may turn out to be a new opportunity to reform higher education in order to better address the needs unique to a country's own society.Social implicationsThe review of the Chinese case will inspire policy makers in other countries to seek alternative routes for the development of their own higher education.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind to address the recent policy innovations and their implications for potential reform.
Overcoming divides
Authors: Poli Roberto 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain why finding a theory for futures studies is such a demanding task. In particular, the paper paves the way towards a theoretical framework that goes beyond both positivism and anti‐positivism.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses a network of mutually interlinked concepts, including: levels of reality; parts and wholes; causation; the multiplicity of times; anticipation; the thick present; and latents.FindingsThe paper presents the two main obstructions blocking the way towards a theory for futures studies (namely, the belief that the opposition between positivists and anti‐positivists is exhaustive, and the need for better connections with other sciences such as biology, cognitive science and the social sciences.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper discusses only one of the different threads in the elaboration of a theoretical basis for futures studies, namely the components closer to science.Social implicationsA proper theory for futures studies will contribute to making them more robust and efficient.Originality/valueThe general framework presented by the paper extends well beyond the somewhat restricted field of futures studies and includes social and psychological sciences, together with biology.