bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the Child's Challenging Behaviour Scale following evaluation using Rasch analysis
Authors: Bourke‐Taylor H. M. , Pallant J. F. , Law M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Child's Challenging Behaviour Scale (CCBS) was designed to measure a mother's rating of her child's challenging behaviours. The CCBS was initially developed for mothers of school‐aged children with developmental disability and has previously been shown to have good psychometric properties using classical test theory techniques. The aim of this study was to use Rasch analysis to fully evaluate all aspects of the scale, including response format, item fit, dimensionality and targeting.MethodsThe sample consisted of 152 mothers of a school‐aged child (aged 5–18 years) with a disability. Mothers were recruited via websites and mail‐out newsletters through not‐for‐profit organizations that supported families with disabilities. Respondents completed a survey which included the 11 items of the CCBS. Rasch analysis was conducted on these responses using the RUMM2030 package.ResultsRasch analysis of the CCBS revealed serious threshold disordering for nine of the 11 items, suggesting problems with the 5‐point response format used for the scale. The neutral midpoint of the response format was subsequently removed to create a 4‐point scale. High levels of local dependency were detected among two pairs of items, resulting in the removal of two items (item 7 and item 1). The final nine‐item version of the scale (CCBS Version 2) was unidimensional, well targeted, showed good fit to the Rasch model, and strong internal consistency.ConclusionsTo achieve fit to the Rasch model it was necessary to make two modifications to the CCBS scale. The resulting nine‐item scale with a 4‐point response format showed excellent psychometric properties, supporting its internal validity.
Community‐based healthcare costs for children born low birthweight, preterm and/or small for gestational age: data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Westrupp E. M. , Lucas N. , Mensah F. K. , Gold L. , Wake M. , Nicholson J. M 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimChildren born low birthweight, preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) sustain substantially increased costs for hospital‐based health care and additional educational support in the first few years of life. This is the first study internationally to investigate costs beyond hospital care, to community‐based health care and prescription medicines across early and middle childhood with actual cost data, and to examine these costs according to the severity of perinatal risk.MethodIn the prospective Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, we followed two cohorts of children from age of 0 to 5 years (no increased perinatal risk, n = 3973; mild risk, n = 442; and moderate‐to‐high risk, n = 297), and from age of 4 to 9 years (no increased perinatal risk, n = 3629; mild risk, n = 465; and moderate‐to‐high risk, n = 361). Children were defined as mild risk if born 32–36 weeks, with birthweight 1500–2499 g, and/or SGA (<5–9th percentile), and moderate‐to‐high risk if born <32 weeks, birthweight <1500 g and/or extremely SGA (<5th percentile). Federal government expenditure (2011 $AUD) on healthcare attendances and prescription medication from birth to 9 years were calculated via data linkage to the Australian Medicare records.ResultsMean costs per child were A$362 higher (95% CI $156; 568) from 0 to 5 years and A$306 higher (95% CI $137; 475) from 4 to 9 years, for children with any compared with no increased perinatal risk (P < 0.001). At the population level, an additional A$32m was spent per year for children 0–9 years with any relative to no increased perinatal risk.ConclusionsPerinatal risk is a major public health issue conferring considerable additional expense to community‐based health care, most marked in the first year of life but persisting up to at least 10 years. Even without additionally considering burden, these findings add to the urgency of identifying effective mechanisms to reduce perinatal risk across its full spectrum.
Resisting your good intentions: substance‐misusing parents and early intervention to support and monitor children in need
Authors: Barnard Marina , Bain Carole 
Published: March 2013

AbstractChildren from substance‐misusing families face elevated risks in growing up well and safe. Early intervention is an opportunity for local authorities to offer support and keep a watching brief on children's welfare. However, the basis upon which agencies voluntarily engage with families in advance of major problems becoming evident is far from straightforward. This qualitative pilot study in Scotland followed professional decision‐making over 6 months (n = 20 professionals) with a small number of families (n = 6) defined as in need of supportive intervention. This support was allied with an intention to monitor the family situation, which, in these data, appeared to affect the willingness of families to engage with services. As services sought to increase their voluntary oversight, sometimes by threatening escalating involvement, so families by various means appeared to resist it. Successful early intervention is reliant on voluntary family participation and thus requires close attention to means of positive and motivated parental engagement to disarm resistance.
Opsismodysplasia: implications of mutations in the developmental gene INPPL1
Authors: Chai ECC , Singaraja RR 
Published: March 2013

Whole‐genome analysis reveals that mutations in inositol polyphosphate phosphatase‐like 1 cause opsismodysplasiaBelow et al. (2013)American Journal of Human Genetics, 92(1): 137–143.Exome sequencing identifies INPPL1 mutations as a cause of opsismodysplasiaHuber et al. (2013)American Journal of Human Genetics, 92(1): 144–149.
Acral hemosideric lymphatic malformation
Authors: Wang Lei , Gao Tianwen , Wang Gang 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundCutaneous lymphatic malformations represent a group of heterogeneous diseases caused by developmental defects of lymphatic system.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to report the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of a distinctive lymphatic malformation.MethodsTwelve patients with similar clinical and histopathological features were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining of CD31, D2‐40, Prox1 and Wilms tumor 1 (WT‐1) were performed on all lesions.ResultsAll cases were either congenital lesions or developed during the first 2 years of life. All presented as red to brown papules or nodules on acral sites. Histopathologically, the lesions consisted of a dermal proliferation of flat or slit‐like vessels lined with a single layer of endothelial cells. Hemosiderin or extravascular red blood cells were present in all cases. The constituent vessels expressed CD31, D2‐40 and Prox1 and lacked expression of WT‐1.ConclusionOn the basis of the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, our cases represent a unique type of lymphatic malformation that we believe is distinct from previously reported vascular proliferations. We propose the name of acral hemosideric lymphatic malformation for this entity.
Diagnostic terminology for urinary cytology reports including the new subcategories ‘atypical urothelial cells of undetermined significance’ (AUC‐US) and ‘cannot exclude high grade’ (AUC‐H)
Authors: Piaton E. , Decaussin‐Petrucci M. , Mege‐Lechevallier F. , Advenier A.‐S. , Devonec M. , Ruffion A. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveWe studied whether atypical, non‐superficial urothelial cells (AUC) could be separated into new subcategories including AUC ‘of undetermined significance’ (AUC‐US) and ‘cannot exclude high grade’’ (AUC‐H) in order to help to standardize urine cytopathology reports, as it is widely accepted in the Bethesda system for gynaecological cytopathology.MethodsWe investigated whether AUC‐US and AUC‐H, defined by distinctive cytological criteria, might be separated with statistical significance according to actual diagnosis and follow‐up data. A series of 534 cyto‐histological comparisons taken in 139 patients, including 221 AUC at various steps of their clinical history was studied. There were 513 (96.1%) postcystoscopy and 469 (87.8%) ThinPrep® liquid‐based specimens (95.9% and 89.1% of AUC cases, respectively). Patients viewed between 1999 and 2011 had histological control in a 0‐ to 6‐months delay and were followed‐up during an additional 5.9 ± 9.2 (0‐ to 56‐) months period.ResultsThe 221 AUC represented 0.8–2% of the specimens viewed during the study period. Among AUC‐H cases, 70 out of 185 (37.8%) matched with high‐grade lesions, compared with 3 of 38 (8.3%) of AUC‐US cases (P = 0.0003). Conservatively treated patients with AUC‐H more frequently developed high‐grade lesions than those with AUC‐US (54.1% versus 16.7%, P = 0.0007) with a 17.6‐months mean delay. Nuclear hyperchromasia, a nuclear to cytoplasm (N/C) ratio > 0.7 and the combination of both were the more informative diagnostic criteria, all with P < 0.01.ConclusionWe conclude that the new subcategories could help to standardize urine cytopathology reports and contribute to the patient's management, provided it is validated by multicentric studies.
Validation of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication under Six outcome measure
Authors: Thomas‐Stonell Nancy , Oddson Bruce , Robertson Bernadette , Rosenbaum Peter 
Published: March 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to establish the construct validity of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS©),a tool designed to measure changes in communication skills in preschool children.MethodParticipating families' children (n=97; 68 males, 29 females; mean age 2y 8mo; SD 1.04y, range 10mo–4y 11mo) were recruited through eight Canadian organizations. The children were on a waiting list for speech and language intervention. Parents completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Social/Emotional (ASQ‐SE) and the FOCUS three times: at assessment and at the start and end of treatment. A second sample (n=28; 16 males 12 females) was recruited from another organization to correlate the FOCUS scores with speech, intelligibility and language measures. Second sample participants ranged in age from 3 years 1 month to 4 years 9 months (mean 3y 11mo; SD 0.41y). At the start and end of treatment, children were videotaped to obtain speech and language samples. Parents and speech–language pathologists (SLPs) independently completed the FOCUS tool. SLPs who were blind to the pre/post order of the videotapes analysed the samples.ResultsThe FOCUS measured significantly more change (p<0.01) during treatment than during the waiting list period. It demonstrated both convergent and discriminant validity against the ASQ‐SE. The FOCUS change corresponded to change measured by a combination of clinical speech and language measures (κ=0.31, p<0.05).ConclusionThe FOCUS shows strong construct validity as a change‐detecting instrument.
Psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Toronto Composite Empathy Scale in Greek dental students
Authors: Tsiantou D. , Lazaridou D. , Coolidge T. , Arapostathis K. N. , Kotsanos N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroductionEmpathy levels of health practitioners are related to patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes. The Toronto Composite Empathy Scale (TCES) was recently developed to assess cognitive and emotional empathy levels in both professional and personal spheres, and tested in an English‐speaking sample of dental students. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometrics of the Greek version of the TCES.Materials and MethodsThe TCES was translated into Greek and administered to all of the dental students at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. A random subset of students completed the questionnaire twice for test–retest analysis.ResultsNearly all (96.5%) of the students completed the questionnaire. The internal consistencies of each of the four subscales were generally acceptable (Cronbach's alphas: 0.676–0.805), and the scale showed good discriminant and convergent validities (r's for discriminant validity: 0.217 and 0.103; r's for convergent validity: 0.595 and 0.700). Test–retest reliabilities ranged from 0.478 to 0.779. After eliminating items that fell on both cognitive and emotional factors, a rotated factor analysis indicated that the items loaded on two cognitive and three emotional factors.DiscussionOur results indicate that the Greek version of the TCES has good psychometric properties. The factor analysis indicates that the emotional and cognitive aspects of empathy are distinct, supporting the need to address both aspects in studies of empathy.ConclusionsThe Greek version of the TCES is a reliable and valid tool for the measurement of cognitive and emotional empathy, in both professional and personal life, in Greek dental students.
A dietary polyphenol resveratrol acts to provide neuroprotection in recurrent stroke models by regulating AMPK and SIRT1 signaling, thereby reducing energy requirements during ischemia
Authors: Wang Li‐Mei , Wang Yong‐Jiu , Cui Min , Luo Wen‐Juan , Wang Xiao‐Ji , Barber Philip A. , Chen Zhe‐Yu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolyphenol resveratrol (RSV) has been associated with Silent Information Regulator T1 (SIRT1) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) metabolic stress sensors and probably responds to the intracellular energy status. Our aim here was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of RSV and its association with SIRT1 and AMPK signaling in recurrent ischemia models. In this study, elderly male Wistar rats received a combination of two mild transient middle cerebral artery occlusions (tMCAOs) as an in vivo recurrent ischemic model. Primary cultured cortical neuronal cells subjected to combined oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) were used as an in vitro recurrent ischemic model. RSV administration significantly reduced infarct volumes, improved behavioral deficits and protected neuronal cells from cell death in recurrent ischemic stroke models in vivo and in vitro. RSV treatments significantly increased the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio, AMPK and SIRT1 activities, decreased energy assumption and restored cell energy ATP level. SIRT1 and AMPK inhibitors and specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) for SIRT1 and AMPK significantly abrogated the neuroprotection induced by RSV. AMPK‐siRNA and inhibitor decreased SIRT1 activities; however, SIRT1‐siRNA and inhibitor had no impact on phospho‐AMPK (p‐AMPK) levels. These results indicated that the neuroprotective effects of RSV increased the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio as well as AMPK and SIRT1 activities, thereby reducing energy ATP requirements during ischemia. SIRT1 is a downstream target of p‐AMPK signaling induced by RSV in the recurrent ischemic stroke model.
Stress, Behaviour and Immunity in Wild‐Caught Wintering Great Tits (Parus major)
Authors: Krams Indrikis , Vrublevska Jolanta , Cirule Dina , Kivleniece Inese , Krama Tatjana , Rantala Markus J , Kaasik Ants , Hõrak Peeter , Sepp Tuul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe associations between behaviour, stress and immune responses are most likely a result of common integration through the neuroendocrine system. Here, we describe associations between behaviour and immunity in great tits, Parus major. Wild‐caught birds were brought into captivity, and their immune function was assessed on the basis of antibody production to a novel Brucella abortus antigen and of heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, which is also a haematological marker of stress. Two behavioural traits were evaluated: tolerance to captive conditions on the basis of damage inflicted to tail feathers and propensity to produce alarm calls at release. The birds that had highest H/L ratios at capture inflicted the maximum extent of tail damage during the week spent in captivity and produced lowest antibody titres against a novel antigen, which indicates a strong covariation between the tolerance of captivity, perceived stress and immune responsiveness. Propensity to produce alarm calls was lower in birds who tolerated captivity better. Structural equation modelling proposed the existence of an underlying latent variable affecting all the measured traits and causing the correlations between traits. Our study indicates that connections between behaviour and immunity can be easily detected in wild animals.
Towards an improved understanding of angler tourism in northern Australia
Authors: Greiner R. , Franklin D. C. , Gregg D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA human dimensions investigation into tourist anglers in a coastal recreational fishing hotspot in northern Australia is presented. Tourist anglers target one species, javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier), raising concerns about the sustainability of the fishery. Data from a survey of 427 tourist angling parties that fished in the coastal water off Karumba (Queensland) were analysed. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on angler target species and motivation for fishing to establish a typology of fishing intentions, with fishing for food found to be the principal factor. Anglers with high fishing for food factor scores were more consumptive, lower spending (per day) and more averse to any potential measures that might reduce legal possession (creel) limits or impose a cost of fishing. It was concluded that a combination of tourism and fisheries management interventions is required to safeguard Karumba's iconic javelin grunter fishery into the future. Diversification of tourist activity options can reduce the tourism industry's current reliance on high‐consumptive tourist anglers and increase the destination's appeal to non‐fishing tourists and low‐consumptive anglers. Modification of angler behaviour can be achieved through reduced possession limits for javelin grunter and possibly other target species, improved monitoring and law enforcement efforts, and targeted education and information.
Do triploid Salmo trutta stocked into a chalk stream in the spring prey on wild Salmo salar smolts?
Authors: Riley W. D. , Davison P. I. , Ives M. J. , Maxwell D. L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe predation impact of recently stocked triploid brown trout, Salmo trutta L., on migrating wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts was investigated in two field‐based experiments. The first experiment employed a unique experimental facility to monitor 57 wild S. salar smolts through an enclosure containing a known density of stocked S. trutta to determine a predation rate. None of these smolts were preyed upon by the stocked S. trutta. The second experiment investigated the diet of free‐ranging stocked triploid S. trutta in a chalk stream during the spring. Although at least 6% of the free‐ranging stocked triploid S. trutta became piscivorous on Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), the results suggest that large, recently stocked, triploid S. trutta with a high condition factor do not represent a predation threat to wild S. salar smolts. However, it is recommended that a precautionary approach is maintained and the findings are not generalised until further investigation permits explicit management advice to be developed, and that the stocking of large triploid S. trutta is avoided before May/ June (regional variations to apply) each calendar year, where this can reasonably be achieved.
Resource‐based determinants of range sizes of forest vascular plants in Germany
Authors: Pannek Angela , Ewald Jörg , Diekmann Martin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimTo examining whether niche breadth, niche position and a compound measure of the two variables help to explain the range sizes of forest vascular plants.LocationsDeciduous forests in two regions of Germany, the Weser–Elbe region and Bavarian Alps.MethodsWe compiled range size data for vascular plant species (30 in the Weser–Elbe region, 35 in the Bavarian Alps) on regional, national and continental scales by determining the area of occupancy (number of occupied grid cells) in both regions, Germany and Eurasia. Estimates of realized niche breadth and niche position (ecological optimum) for soil pH and light were based on measurements in 46 sites for all species. Frequency distributions of pH values on regional and national scales served to calculate the ‘available niche breadth’, i.e. niche breadth values corrected for the different availabilities of pH values in the region and country.ResultsRegional range size in the Weser–Elbe region increased with increasing niche breadth for both soil pH and light and with decreasing pH niche position. pH niche breadth was positively correlated to national range size in the Weser–Elbe region and to Eurasian range size in the Bavarian Alps. In the latter region, all other relationships with range size were (partly marginally) non‐significant. Available niche breadth was generally more closely related to the regional and national distribution of species in both regions than either niche breadth or position alone.Main conclusionsNiche breadth and position performed well as predictors of range size only for soil pH and in the Weser–Elbe region, which shows more homogeneous environmental conditions than the Bavarian Alps. If the frequencies of different ranges of pH values can be quantified, the calculation of available niche breadth for soil pH appears to be a promising approach for assessing the possible effects of niche variables on the range sizes of species.
Potential hydraulic efficiency in angiosperm trees increases with growth‐site temperature but has no trade‐off with mechanical strength
Authors: Zhang Shi‐Bao , Cao Kun‐Fang , Fan Ze‐Xin , Zhang Jiao‐Lin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimXylem structures are closely related to a tree's hydraulic efficiency and mechanical stability, both of which affect the life history and ecological strategy of a species. Although mechanical strength and hydraulic capacity can be shaped by the environment, no such associations between hydraulic efficiency and climatic variables have been reported across a wide range of tree species.LocationYunnan, south‐west China.MethodsWe compiled a data set for vessel density, vessel diameter (D), potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp), wood density (WD), modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) from 316 angiosperm tree species. Our objective was to examine the correlations among xylem traits and climatic variables. We hypothesized that both hydraulic efficiency and mechanical strength would vary along climatic gradients, but that a trade‐off would occur between them.ResultsAll xylem traits varied significantly across species, but the magnitudes of variation were greater for vessel traits than for mechanical properties. Values for Kp and D increased with mean annual temperature (MAT) in both evergreen and deciduous trees, but they were significantly correlated with aridity index (AI) in evergreen species only. Both WD and MOR were significantly correlated with MAT only in evergreen trees. MOR decreased with increasing AI in the evergreens, but not in deciduous trees. These findings indicated that xylem development in evergreens is more sensitive to environmental changes than in deciduous trees. However, stem hydraulic traits are independent of mechanical properties.Main conclusionsConsistent with our hypothesis, both hydraulic efficiency and mechanical strength of angiosperm trees are influenced by the environment, with temperature having a more important effect on hydraulic efficiency than precipitation. However, no trade‐off exists between efficiency and strength. This absence of a link is explained because angiosperms have xylem tissue that specifically functions in either mechanical strength or water transport.