bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is transactivated by p53 and induces p38‐mediated cellular senescence in response to DNA damage
Authors: Guo Haiyang , Liu Zhaojian , Xu Bing , Hu Huili , Wei Zhao , Liu Qiao , Zhang Xiyu , Ding Xuebin , Wang Yu , Zhao Minnan , Gong Yaoqin , Shao Changshun 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMammalian cells may undergo permanent growth arrest/senescence when they incur excessive DNA damage. As a key player during DNA damage response (DDR), p53 transactivates an array of target genes that are involved in various cellular processes including the induction of cellular senescence. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 was previously reported to mediate replicative and oncogene‐induced senescence in a DDR and p53‐dependent manner. Here, we report that CXCR2 is upregulated in various types of cells in response to genotoxic or oxidative stress. Unexpectedly, we found that the upregulation of CXCR2 depends on the function of p53. Like other p53 target genes such as p21, CXCR2 is transactivated by p53. We identified a p53‐binding site in the CXCR2 promoter that responds to changes in p53 functional status. Thus, CXCR2 may act downstream of p53. While the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) exhibits a kinetics that is distinct from that of CXCR2 expression and does not require p53, it reinforces senescence. We further showed that the cellular senescence caused by CXCR2 upregulation is mediated by p38 activation. Our results thus demonstrate CXCR2 as a critical mediator of cellular senescence downstream of p53 in response to DNA damage.
Respiratory muscle force and lung volume changes in a population of children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ong Bruce A. , Caboot Jason , Jawad Abbas , McDonough Joseph , Jackson Tannoa , Arens Raanan , Marcus Carole L. , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Mason Thornton B. A. , Ohene‐Frempong Kwaku , Allen Julian L. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is a disorder known to impact the respiratory system. We sought to identify respiratory muscle force and lung volume relationships in a paediatric SCD population. Thirty‐four SCD‐SS subjects underwent pulmonary function testing. Height, weight, age, and gender‐adjusted percent predicted maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) values were compared to spirometry and lung volumes. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired two‐tailed t‐test. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) MIP and MEP was 69·6 ± 31·6 cm H2O and 66·9 ± 22·9 cm H2O, respectively, and mean ± SD percent predicted MIP (101·3 ± 45·9) exceeded MEP (72·1 ± 26·0) (P = 0·002). MIP correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC; r = 0·51, P = 0·001) and TLC (r = 0·54, P < 0·0001). MEP also correlated with FVC (r = 0·43, P = 0·011) and total lung capacity (TLC; r = 0·42, P = 0·013). Pearson's correlation coefficient testing yielded relationships between MIP and MEP (r = 0·64, P < 0·0001). SCD‐SS patients showed correlations between respiratory muscle force and lung volume, and reduced percent predicted expiratory muscle force compared to inspiratory muscle force. Respiratory muscle strength may affect lung volumes in these patients, and expiratory muscles may be more susceptible than the diaphragm to SCD‐induced vaso‐occlusive damage.
The recruitment of p47phox and Rac2G12V at the phagosome is transient and phosphatidylserine dependent
Authors: Faure Marie Cécile , Sulpice Jean‐Claude , Delattre Maud , Lavielle Marc , Prigent Magali , Cuif Marie‐Hélène , Melchior Chantal , Tschirhart Eric , Nüße Oliver , Dupré‐Crochet Sophie 
Published: July 2013

Background informationDuring phagocytosis, neutrophils internalise pathogens in a phagosome and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase to kill the pathogen. The cytosolic NADPH oxidase subunits p40phox, p47phox, p67phox and Rac2 translocate to the phagosomal membrane to participate in enzyme activation. The kinetics of this recruitment and the underlying signalling pathways are only partially understood. Anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphoinositides (PPI) provide an important attachment site for numerous proteins, including several oxidase subunits.ResultsWe investigated the kinetics of p47phox and Rac2 phagosomal membrane recruitment. Both subunits are known to interact with anionic phospholipids; we therefore addressed the role of PS in this recruitment. Phagosomal accumulation of p47phox and Rac2 tagged with fluorescent proteins was analysed by videomicroscopy. We used the C2 domain of lactadherin (lactC2) that interacts strongly and specifically with PS to monitor intracellular PS localisation and to decrease PS accessibility. During phagocytosis of opsonised zymosan, p47phox and constitutively active Rac2G12V briefly translocated to the phagosomal membrane, whereas ROS production continued for a longer period. However, in the presence of lactC2, Rac2G12V recruitment was inhibited and the kinetics of p47phox recruitment and detachment were delayed. A reduced phagosomal ROS production was also observed during the first 7 min following the phagosome closure.ConclusionsThese results suggest that p47phox and Rac2 accumulate only transiently at the phagosome at the onset of NADPH activity and detach from the phagosome before the end of ROS production. Furthermore, lactC2, by masking PS, interfered with the phagosomal recruitment of p47phox and Rac2 and disturbed NADPH oxidase activity. Thus, PS appears as a modulator of NADPH oxidase activation.
Psychometrics of the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale
Authors: Zarem Cori , Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Neil Jeffrey , Wallendorf Michael , Inder Terrie , Pineda Roberta 
Published: July 2013

AimTo establish the psychometrics of the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS).MethodIn this prospective cohort study of 75 preterm infants (39 females, 36 males) born at or before 30 weeks gestation (mean gestational age 26.56wks, SD 1.90, range 23–30wks; mean birthweight 967.33g, SD 288.54, range 480–2240), oral feeding was videotaped before discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The NOMAS was used to classify feeding as normal, disorganized, or dysfunctional. Neurobehavior was assessed at term equivalent, and infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Children returned for developmental testing at 2 years corrected age. Associations between NOMAS scores and (1) neurobehavior; (2) cerebral injury and metrics; and (3) developmental outcome were investigated using χ2‐analyses, t‐tests, and linear regression. For reliability, six certified NOMAS evaluators rated five randomly selected NOMAS recordings and re‐scored them 2 weeks later in a second randomized order. Reliability was calculated with Cohen's kappa statistics.ResultsDysfunctional NOMAS scores were associated with lower Dubowitz scores [t=−2.14; mean difference −2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.157 to −4.49); p=0.036], higher stress on the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (t=2.61; mean difference 0.073 [95% CI 0.017–0.129]; p=0.0110), and decreased transcerebellar diameter (t=−2.22; mean difference −2.04 [CI=−3.89 to −0.203]; p=0.03). No significant associations were found between NOMAS scores and 2‐year outcome.InterpretationSome concurrent validity was established with associations between NOMAS scores and measures of infant behavior and cerebral structure. The NOMAS did not show predictive validity in this study of preterm infants at high risk of developmental delay. Reliability was variable and suboptimal.
The use of technology to promote physical activity in Type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review
Authors: Connelly J. , Kirk A. , Masthoff J. , MacRury S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionWith increasing evidence available on the importance of physical activity in the management of Type 2 diabetes, there has been an increase in technology‐based interventions. This review provides a systematic and descriptive assessment of the effectiveness of technology to promote physical activity in people with Type 2 diabetes. For this review, technology included mobile phones and text messages, websites, CD‐ROMs and computer‐learning‐based technology, and excluded telephone calls.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve articles from January 2001 to March 2013 using the following databases: the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed. Articles had to describe an intervention that used technology to promote physical activity in people with Type 2 diabetes. A methodological quality assessment of the studies was conducted and data synthesis was performed.ResultsIn total, 15 articles were eligible for review: web‐based (9), mobile phone (3), CD‐ROM (2) and computer based (1). All studies found an increase in physical activity but only nine were significant. The use of a personal coach, logbooks and reinforcement strategies such as phone calls and email counselling were found to be effective components for behaviour change. No studies were ranked as low in terms of methodological quality.ConclusionsTechnology‐based interventions to promote physical activity are effective; using further methods to promote participant adherence is associated with greater benefit. Further research should look into strategies to enhance adherence and sustainability in order to increase the effectiveness of technology‐based physical activity intervention in diabetes care.
Heat freezes niche evolution
Authors: Araújo Miguel B. , Ferri‐Yáñez Francisco , Bozinovic Francisco , Marquet Pablo A. , Valladares Fernando , Chown Steven L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClimate change is altering phenology and distributions of many species and further changes are projected. Can species physiologically adapt to climate warming? We analyse thermal tolerances of a large number of terrestrial ectotherm (n = 697), endotherm (n = 227) and plant (n = 1816) species worldwide, and show that tolerance to heat is largely conserved across lineages, while tolerance to cold varies between and within species. This pattern, previously documented for ectotherms, is apparent for this group and for endotherms and plants, challenging the longstanding view that physiological tolerances of species change continuously across climatic gradients. An alternative view is proposed in which the thermal component of climatic niches would overlap across species more than expected. We argue that hard physiological boundaries exist that constrain evolution of tolerances of terrestrial organisms to high temperatures. In contrast, evolution of tolerances to cold should be more frequent. One consequence of conservatism of upper thermal tolerances is that estimated niches for cold‐adapted species will tend to underestimate their upper thermal limits, thereby potentially inflating assessments of risk from climate change. In contrast, species whose climatic preferences are close to their upper thermal limits will unlikely evolve physiological tolerances to increased heat, thereby being predictably more affected by warming.
Migraine with aura and silent brain infarcts lack of mediation of patent foramen ovale
Authors: Calviere L. , Tall P. , Massabuau P. , Bonneville F. , Larrue V. 
Published: July 2013

Background and purposePopulation‐based studies have shown a heightened prevalence of clinically silent brain infarcts in subjects who have migraine with aura (MA). We sought to determine whether this association could be confirmed in young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, and explored the role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) as a potential underlying mechanism.MethodsPatients were selected from a registry of young patients consecutively treated for ischemic stroke in a tertiary university hospital among those without definite cause of stroke. Patients with PFO were matched for age and gender with patients with normal atrial septum. Migraine and MA were evaluated after patient selection and matching. Silent brain infarcts were independently evaluated on MRI.ResultsWe included 100 patients [60 men; mean age (SD), 44.8 years (8.3)], 50 patients with PFO. We found silent brain infarcts in 36 patients and MA in 13 patients. MA was more frequent in patients with silent brain infarcts than in patients without silent brain infarcts (25.0% vs. 6.3%; OR, 5; 95% CI, 1.4–17.6; P = 0.01). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with silent brain infarcts. PFO was neither associated with MA (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.5–5.3) nor silent brain infarcts (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3–1.5). The association of MA with silent brain infarcts was not altered after adjustment for PFO.ConclusionFindings suggest that silent brain infarcts in young patients with cryptogenic stroke is associated with MA. We found no evidence for a mediating effect of PFO on this association.
A study of the endodontic workforce in Australia in 2010
Authors: Motearefi P. , Abbott P. V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate the current workforce situation for specialist Endodontists in Australia to help plan for the future of the specialty.MethodologyAn online questionnaire was sent via email to all registered Endodontists that were identified from the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Endodontists database and the Australian Dental Association Directory. The questionnaire comprised questions on demographic characteristics, practice type, teaching and research activities, busyness and expected retirement time. All results were transferred to a statistical software program (SPSS v.19) for analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 50%. The majority of respondents (84%) were male. The most common (64.5%) type of practice was single location private practice. The majority (93%) of Endodontists are located in state capital cities. Many respondents (61%) did some teaching. A minority of respondents (16%) were currently involved in research. The next available nonemergency appointment was more than 1 week away for 84% of respondents. More than half the respondents (52%) do not have allocated time for emergency patients. Only 18% of respondents plan to retire in the next 5 years and another 15% within 5–10 years. Although 58% of practice owners indicated that they have sufficient space and facilities to employ another Endodontist, only 33% would consider to employ or have an associate join their practice.ConclusionMost Endodontists in Australia are male private practitioners who work in a single state capital city location. Many teach but few carry out research. They are fully booked with routine patients and have no spare scheduled appointments for emergencies; these have to be seen at the end of the day, or between scheduled patients. There will be a steady rate of retirement in the future and only just enough newly qualified Endodontists are being trained to maintain the specialty workforce at current levels.
Chlorine dioxide treatment decreases respiration and ethylene synthesis in fresh‐cut ‘Hami’ melon fruit
Authors: Guo Qin , Lv Xin , Xu Fei , Zhang Yuli , Wang Jide , Lin Honghui , Wu Bin 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on respiration and ethylene synthesis of fresh‐cut melon fruit and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. Fresh‐cut ‘Hami’ melon fruit fumigated with gas ClO2 in sealed container for 12 h and then stored at 5 °C with 95% relative humidity (RH) for 19 days. Results showed that fruit treated with ClO2 resulted in lower rates of the total respiration, alternative pathway respiration, cytochrome pathway respiration and ethylene production. Furthermore, the expressions of ethylene biosynthesis‐related genes, including CmACS2, CmACO1 and CmACO3 were reduced by ClO2 treatment. Taken together, it is suggested that ClO2 treatment might be an effective way to delay ripening of fresh‐cut ‘Hami’ melon, partially due to the reduced respiration and ethylene biosynthesis.
Improved energy efficiency of farmers' cooperative litchi drying operation in Northern Thailand
Authors: Precoppe Marcelo , Janjai Serm , Mahayothee Busarakorn , Müller Joachim 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn 2007, Hmong farmers growing litchi in the mountainous region of Northern Thailand started to dry the fruit in response to its declining market price. However, the locally available dryer, although affordable and of a size appropriate for smallholder farmers' cooperatives, showed excessive gas consumption, and this, along with rising fuel costs, imposed a threat to the drying operation. The objective of this study was to test low‐cost, easy‐to‐implement modifications to a locally available convection dryer, to improve its energy efficiency. Experiments were conducted in cooperation with a Hmong farmers' cooperative in Northern Thailand. Insulation of the air ducts and control of the air recirculation rate led to energy cost savings of US$2.45 per dryer‐load. With the modifications required being simple, the investment needed was recovered after only approximately 20 loads, while the energy efficiency of the dryer increased from 33% to 39%.
Identification of the aroma compounds in stinky mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and comparison of volatiles during fermentation and storage
Authors: Li Chunping , Wu Jiajia , Li Yan , Dai Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIdentification of aroma compounds in Stinky Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and comparison of volatiles during fermentation (with spices and salt) and storage were analysed by electronic nose (e‐nose) combining with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Among the sixty‐one detected volatiles, thirteen aroma‐active compounds, especially linalool, were identified in stinky mandarin fish according to thresholds and concentrations. Totally, twenty‐four aroma compounds correlated well with the periods of fermentation and storage. Trimethylamine, indole, sulphur‐containing compounds, acetic acid, esters and phenols increased continually, while aldehydes decreased. According to these quality indicators, e‐nose data using principal component analysis showed a clear discrimination of the fermented fish and were in good agreement with the results of GC‐MS. In conclusion, fermentation favoured to retard spoilage and provided new aroma compounds. The technique employing an e‐nose in combination with GC‐MS could compare and identify the aroma and quality of stinky mandarin fish.
The influence of wine polymers on the spontaneous precipitation of calcium tartrate in a model wine solution
Authors: Pellerin Patrice , Doco Thierry , Scollary Geoffrey R. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe influence of wine polymers on the spontaneous precipitation of calcium tartrate in a model wine system has been examined. Rhamnogalacturonan‐I was identified as the most effective inhibitor (precipitation induction time of 180 min compared with 7 min for the standard model). It is argued that this is a consequence of rhamnogalacturonan‐I's ability to participate in the ‘egg‐box’ type sequestration of calcium ions. The more structurally complex rhamnogalacturonan‐II had only a minor influence on the induction time (22 min). Arabinogalactan proteins and mannoproteins also have little influence with induction times ranging from 12 to 15 min. An ultra‐filtration study of four Chardonnay wines, prepared with and without the use of pectolytic enzymes, was performed in a search for conditions that might maximise the concentration of rhamnogalacturonan‐I. However, rhamnogalacturonan‐I could not be identified in any of the four wines. Implications of these observations, specifically the need to understand the inhibition exerted by specific uronic acids, for winemaking and calcium tartrate precipitation are discussed.
Administration of chemotherapy with palliative intent in the last 30 days of life: the balance between palliation and chemotherapy
Authors: Zdenkowski N. , Cavenagh J. , Ku Y. C. , Bisquera A. , Bonaventura A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundAppropriately timed cessation of chemotherapy is an important aspect of good quality palliative care. There is wide variation in the reported rates of chemotherapy administration within the last 30 days of life.AimsTo identify predictors of death within 30 days of receiving palliative chemotherapy, and to propose a standard definition by which oncologists and cancer centres can be compared.MethodsPatients who received palliative chemotherapy at a regional cancer centre and its rural outreach unit between 2009 and 2011 were included. An adjusted logistic regression model, including all variables, was fit to identify predictors of death within 30 days of receiving palliative chemotherapy.ResultsOver a 3‐year period, 1131 patients received palliative chemotherapy, 138 (12%) died within 30 days of receiving palliative chemotherapy. Predictors of death within 30 days of palliative chemotherapy were: less than 30 days contact with palliative care (odds ratio 3.30 (95% confidence interval 2.04–5.34), P < 0.001) and male gender (odds ratio 2.02 (95% confidence interval 1.24–3.31), P = 0.0049), but treating clinician, tumour chemoresponsiveness, age, body mass index and survival from initial diagnosis were not.ConclusionPatients who received chemotherapy in the last 30 days of life were more likely to be male and have a shorter duration of palliative care team involvement. In this study, the observed rate of death within 30 days of chemotherapy is within the range of published data. It is recommended that a standard definition be used to benchmark medical oncology centres and individual oncologists, and to allow comparison over time.
Destructive periodontal disease in adult Indians from Northeast Brazil: cross‐sectional study of prevalence and risk indicators
Authors: Figueiredo Andreia , Soares Susana , Lopes Helton , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Ramalho Luciana Maria Pedreira , Cangussu Maria Cristina , Cury Patricia Ramos 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of destructive periodontal disease and its risk indicators in adult Kiriri Indians from Northeast Brazil.Materials and MethodsFull‐mouth periodontal examinations were performed on a sample of 215 Indians (≥19 years). Bivariate analyses and logistic models were applied to assess associations between periodontitis and its putative risk factors.ResultsPrevalence of clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 97.8%, 63.8% and 30.8% respectively. Percentage of teeth per individual showing clinical attachment loss of ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 mm was 49.8%, 18.4% and 8.0% respectively. After adjustment for covariates, individuals aged ≥35 years (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 3.09–11.00; p < 0.001), men (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.15–4.11; p = 0.02) and diabetics (OR = 3.92, 95% CI 1.03–14.99; p = 0.05) had a higher risk for destructive periodontitis, classified according to the CDC/AAP case definition.ConclusionThough periodontitis was highly prevalent in Kiriri Indians, only few teeth showed advanced disease, and periodontitis was associated with higher age, male sex and diabetes. A public health action that includes programs of prevention and treatment targeting high‐risk groups is vital to improve the periodontal status of this population.