bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation of recurrent laryngeal nerve to inferior thyroid artery and extralaryngeal nerve branching may increase the risk of vocal cord paralysis in thyroidectomy
Authors: Aygun Nurcihan , Unlu Mehmet Taner , Caliskan Ozan , Kostek Mehmet , Isgor Adnan , Uludag Mehmet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) are common during thyroidectomy. We aimed to evaluate the risk of RLN paralysis in case of its anatomical variations, retrospectively.

Methods
The patients with primary thyroidectomy between January 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled. The effect of age, gender, surgical intervention, neuromonitorisation type, central neck dissection, postoperative diagnosis, neck side, extralaryngeal branching, non-RLN, relation of RLN to inferior thyroid artery (ITA), grade of Zuckerkandl tubercle on vocal cord paralysis (VCP) were investigated.

Results
This study enrolled 1070 neck sides. The extralaryngeal branching rate was 35.5%. 45.9% of RLNs were anterior and 44.5% were posterior to the ITA, and 9.6% were crossing between the branches of the ITA. The rate of total VCP was 4.8% (transient:4.5%, permanent: 0.3%). The rates of total and transient VCP were significantly higher in extralaryngeal branching nerves compared to nonbranching nerves (6.8% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.018; 6.8% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.006, respectively). Total VCP rates were 7.2%, 2.5%, and 2.9% in case of the RLN crossing anterior, posterior and between the branches of ITA, respectively (p = 0.003). The difference was also significant regarding the transient VCP rates (p = 0.004). Anterior crossing pattern increased the total and transient VCP rates 2.8 and 2.9 times, respectively.

Conclusion
RLN crossing ITA anteriorly and RLN branching are frequent anatomical variations increasing the risk of VCP in thyroidectomy that cannot be predicted preoperatively. This study is the first one reporting that the relationship between RLN and ITA increased the risk of VCP.
Impact of opioid analgesics on survival in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kavgaci Gozde , Guven Deniz Can , Kaygusuz Yunus , Karaca Ece , Dizdar Omer , Kilickap Saadettin , Aksoy Sercan , Erman Mustafa , Yalcin Suayib 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the effects of concurrent opioid analgesic (OA) use with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods
In this observational retrospective study, we included advanced cancer patients who received ICIs at Hacettepe University Hospital’s Department of Medical Oncology between June 2018 and January 2023.

Results
Our study included 375 recurrent or metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs in the first, second line, or beyond. There were no significant differences between the OA-treated and OA-untreated groups regarding median age, age group, gender, primary tumor location, ICI type, or the presence of baseline liver and lung metastases. However, the OA-treated group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients who had received three or more prior treatments before initiating ICIs (p = 0.015). OA-Untreatment was significantly correlated with prolonged mPFS (6.83 vs. 4.30 months, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.79, p < 0.001) and mOS (17.05 vs. 7.68 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.80, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates an association between the concurrent use of OAs and reduced OS and PFS in patients treated with ICIs. While OA treatment serves as a surrogate marker for higher disease burden, it may also suggest a potential biological relationship between opioids and immunotherapy efficacy.
Integrating scenario- and contract-based verification for automated vessels
Authors: Hake Georg , Reiher David , Mentjes Jan , Hahn Axel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScenario-based verification defines the current state of the art for examining a vessel’s control systems for reliability and safety. However, software updates after release can only be covered to a limited extent. To take changes to a deployed system into account, the design and test phase must be harmonized with the operational phase. For all phases, regulatory, technical and safety requirements provide the scope to which the development process and the scenario-based tests need to be aligned and whose specifications the System under Test (SuT) must adhere to during operation. For this reason, a procedure is needed that converts the requirements into a format that can be utilized across all phases and measured in a structured manner comparing the original system to the updated version. This work does so by combining scenario-based verification methods with formal composition and monitoring techniques based on contract-based design into an integrated development approach. It is shown how safety requirements can be transferred into a Verification Descriptor that in turn provides the foundation for the division into model-based system development, contract-based virtual integration testing and a scenario-based test environment. For the entire lifecycle of the System under Test (SuT) to be included, the extended scenario and contract descriptors are carried forward up to the operational phase, such that the previously defined properties of the SuT can be monitored and validated during runtime. The approach is designed alongside a minimal-viable system and evaluated on an actual implementation of a safety-critical maritime LiDAR-based positioning system.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in cultural context II: a comparison of the links between ADHD symptoms and waiting-related responses in Hong Kong and UK
Authors: Chan Wendy W Y , Shum Kathy Kar-man , Downs Johnny , Liu Ngai Tsit , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The concept of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to have cross-cultural validity, but direct comparisons of its psychological characteristics across cultures are limited. This study investigates whether preschool children’s ADHD symptoms expressed in two cultures with different views about child behaviour and parenting, Hong Kong and the UK, show the same pattern of associations with their waiting-related abilities and reactions, an important marker of early self-regulation. A community sample of 112 preschoolers (mean age = 46.22 months; 55 from UK, 57 from HK) completed three tasks measuring different waiting elements – waiting for rewards, choosing the amount of time to wait, and having to wait unexpectedly when a task is interrupted. Participants’ waiting-related behavioural and emotional reactions were coded. Parents rated their children’s ADHD symptoms and delay aversion. Our findings revealed that the associations between ADHD symptoms and waiting-related responses were comparable in both UK and HK samples. This suggests that the core psychological characteristics of ADHD, particularly in relation to waiting behaviours, may exhibit similarity across cultural contexts. Future research can extend this cross-cultural analysis to other ADHD-related psychological domains and explore additional cultural settings.
Is there a link between Spigelian and inguinal hernias? A case series
Authors: Lorenz R. , Vollmer U. , Conze J. , Loch F. , Paul-Promchan K. , Mantke R. , Paasch C. , Wiessner R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Spigelian hernias are among the rare primary ventral hernias. Diagnosis is often difficult, as many cases are asymptomatic. Spigelian and inguinal hernias are usually considered separately in current scientific literature. With this case series, we want to illustrate a possible relationship between the neighboring hernia types.

Methods
In this article, we report on a case series of Spigelian hernias that were operated on in five hernia centers in the period from January 1st, 2021 to October 31st, 2023. We have summarized all patient characteristics with previous operations and the result of the secondary operation.

Results
We report a case series with 24 Spigelian hernias, 15 of which have a connection to previous inguinal hernias. In these cases, however, it is not certain whether these are primarily overlooked or occult hernias or whether these Spigelian hernias have arisen secondarily, as a result of previous hernia surgery.

Summary
With this case series, we would like to point out a possible connection between Spigelian hernia and inguinal hernia. Further studies are needed to shed more light on this entity and explain its genesis.
Efficacy and safety of the paul glaucoma implant in the treatment of refractory primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Karapapak Murat , Olgun Ali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant (PGI) for managing refractory primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) over a one-year period.

Study Design
Retrospective.

Methods
A study was conducted using the medical records of thirty eyes of 17 patients who underwent PGI surgery for the treatment of refractory PCG. Primary outcome measures included failure criteria such as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mm Hg, < 20% IOP reduction, necessity for further glaucoma intervention, implant removal, or loss of vision. Secondary outcomes focused on mean IOP, average number of glaucoma medications, best corrected visual acuity (logMAR), and incidence of complications.

Results
The mean preoperative IOP of 38.8 ± 9.2 mmHg significantly decreased to 16.1 ± 3.3 mmHg at 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). The average number of glaucoma medications reduced from 3.6 ± 0.5 preoperatively to 0.9 ± 1.2 at 12 months post-op. Visual acuity remained stable in 24 eyes, decreased in 4, and increased in 2. Early postoperative complications occurred in 13.3% of patients, but no late complications were reported. The cumulative success rate was 86.6%.

Conclusion
The PGI appears to be a safe and effective option for managing refractory primary congenital glaucoma, demonstrating significant IOP reduction and decreased dependence on glaucoma medications over a one-year period, with a high success rate and manageable complication profile.
The species, density, and intra-plant distribution of mites on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Tan Jiunn Luh , Trandem Nina , Hamborg Zhibo , Sapkota Bijaya , Blystad Dag-Ragnar , Fránová Jana , Zemek Rostislav 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe adoption of the European Green Deal will limit acaricide use in high value crops like raspberry, to be replaced by biological control and other alternative strategies. More basic knowledge on mites in such crops is then necessary, like species, density, and their role as vectors of plant diseases. This study had four aims, focusing on raspberry leaves at northern altitude: (1) identify mite species; (2) study mite population densities; (3) investigate mite intra-plant distribution; (4) investigate co-occurrence of phytophagous mites, raspberry leaf blotch disorder and raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). Four sites in south-eastern Norway were sampled five times. Floricanes from different parts of the sites were collected, taking one leaf from each of the upper, middle, and bottom zones of the cane. Mites were extracted with a washing technique and processed for species identification and RLBV detection. Mites and leaves were tested for RLBV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with virus-specific primers. Phytophagous mites, Phyllocoptes gracilis, Tetranychus urticae, and Neotetranychus rubi, and predatory mites, Anystis baccarum and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri were identified. All phytophagous mites in cultivated raspberry preferred the upper zone of floricanes, while in non-cultivated raspberry, they preferred the middle zone. The presence of phytophagous mites did not lead to raspberry leaf blotch disorder during this study. RLBV was detected in 1.3% of the sampled plants, none of them with leaf blotch symptoms, and in 4.3% of P. gracilis samples, and in some spider mite samples, implying that Tetranychids could also be vectors of RLBV.
Mindfulness Training in Swiss Elementary Schools: Effectiveness and Role of Implementation Quality in a Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Preisig David , Neuenschwander Regula 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the growing interest in school-based mindfulness training (SBMT) and its evaluation, evidence on the effectiveness of SBMT is still limited and somewhat inconsistent. Further, knowledge on the role of implementation quality, which is essential for a more widespread use of SBMT, is scarce.

Objective
This study examined effects of two established 8-week SBMTs and the role of implementation quality. Interventions were hypothesized to enhance emotion regulation, social well-being, and emotional well-being. Furthermore, higher responsiveness of participants and quality of delivery were hypothesized to be associated with better program effectiveness.

Method
Nineteen elementary school classes (second through sixth grade) from German-speaking regions of Switzerland, with 246 students (aged 9 to 12 years), chose to implement either intervention and were then randomly assigned to the intervention or a waitlist control group (cluster-randomized).

Results
Multilevel modeling revealed that SBMT enhanced some aspects of social well-being (self-reported social participation), and further partially stabilized emotion regulation (self-reported anger control). However, there were also unexpected effects (enhanced self-reported stress vulnerability and hiding of emotions, as well as reduced parent-reported social participation and prosocial behavior). Effects were small, quite robust when controlling for covariates, and not consistent across informants and SBMTs. No robust associations between higher quality of delivery and better effectiveness of SBMT were found, and higher responsiveness of participants was only associated with higher anger control after the intervention.

Conclusions
We discuss in-depth the reasons for unexpected findings and provide directions for future research.
Ecological displacement in a Rocky Mountain hybrid zone informs management of North American martens (Martes)
Authors: Colella Jocelyn P. , Freymueller Nicholas A. , Land Danielle M. , Wiens Ben J. , Stone Karen D. , Cook Joseph A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Context
Parapatric sister species are ideal for tests of ecological interactions. Pacific (Martes caurina) and American pine (M. americana) martens are economically and culturally valuable furbearers that hybridize in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Despite preliminary evidence of biased introgression, the hybrid zone has been geographically stable for 70 years, but interspecific ecological interactions have yet to be examined in detail.

Objectives
We test whether ecological interactions may influence the outcome of hybridization in this system. To that end, we estimate the fundamental niche of each species and gauge how suitability landscapes change when the two species are in contact.

Methods
We genotyped > 400 martens from the Rocky Mountain hybrid zone to diagnose individuals to species-level and identify putative hybrids. We then built range-wide ecological niche models for each species, excluding individuals in the hybrid zone, to approximate their respective fundamental niches. Those models were projected into the hybrid zone and compared with niche models trained on individuals within the hybrid zone to assess how niche dynamics change when the species are in sympatry.

Results
The fundamental niche of each species differed significantly, while the hybrid zone was equally suitable for both. Niches of each species based on models built within the hybrid zone showed that Pacific martens utilized significantly less suitable habitat than expected based on their range-wide fundamental niche, suggesting that species interactions shape local hybridization. We detected few admixed individuals (12%), with no evidence of directional (sex or species) biases. Interstate-90 further acts as a major dispersal barrier.

Conclusions
North American martens are currently managed as a single species by some state agencies, yet significant ecological and genetic differences indicate they should be managed separately. The observed ecological displacement of Pacific martens by American pine martens may partially explain the mixed success of historical, mixed-species wildlife translocations and cautions such translocations in the future. Landscape-scale consideration of ecological dynamics, in addition to molecular compatibility, will be essential to the success of future translocations.
Synthesis, structure elucidation, antioxidant properties, and theoretical calculations of new Schiff bases–isatin derivatives
Authors: Bakır Temel Kan , Çavuş M. Serdar , Muğlu Halit , Yakan Hasan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIsatin-derived Schiff bases are the subject of many studies, finding wide application areas in polymer technology, pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. In this study, a series of new Schiff bases were prepared from monothiocarbohydrazones based on isatins with different substituents (5-F, 5-Br, 5-I, and 5-MeO). The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopic techniques, and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activity determinations of 23 compounds were performed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching method. The highest percent inhibition value at 10 µM concentration was shown by compound number 22, 5-bromoisatin Schiff base containing 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy group. Compound 17, a 5-iodoisatin Schiff base containing 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy group, showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.76 ± 0.03 µM. In addition to the theoretical analysis of the compounds, both their spectroscopic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The ground-state geometries and some chemical reactivity parameters of the compounds were calculated using the B3LYP/6-311 +  + G(2d,2p) approach. Besides intramolecular interactions, substituent effects, and some QTAIM parameters, the calculations were also performed to study the electronic properties of reactive N/O–H bonds and were used to interpret the experimental results. The effects of the electronic parameters and intramolecular interactions of reactive N/O–H bonds on the antioxidant properties of the compounds were investigated. Additionally, the relationships of DPPH reactions with delocalization indices of N/O-H bonds and the pattern of SET/HAT mechanisms with electronic variables were analyzed. Examination of electron and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms has shown the dominance of electron transfer, supported by the correlation coefficients between IC50 values and SET reaction energies.
Sustainable Water Resources Management through Disaggregated Multi-Region Virtual Water Flow and Interaction Analysis
Authors: Zheng Boyue , Liu Lirong , Huang Guohe , Baetz Brian , Zhai Mengyu , Zhang Kaiqiang , Lu Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVirtual water transfer is considered as an important pathway to alleviate water shortage in arid regions due to limited water resources and unbalanced distribution. It is essential to explore the hidden mechanism of virtual water transfers among multiple regions to support future water resources allocation and management. In this study, a Disaggregated Multi-Region Virtual Water Flow and Interaction (DrWIn) model is developed to facilitate the analysis of virtual water inflow, outflow, transfer balance, and the related interactions. In addition, a factorial analysis is integrated to quantify the impacts of industrial water consumption and their interactive effects. A special case study of China is conducted to illustrate the applicability and superiority of the DrWIn model. It is found that interaction effects of any two industries are negative, indicating that high freshwater consumption in two industries is not the best choice. The obtained results provide a solid scientific basis for identifying the key industries and regions across a multi-region study system and supporting water resources utilization management in the future.
Longitudinal fragility phenotyping contributes to the prediction of lifespan and age-associated morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred mice
Authors: Luciano Alison , Robinson Laura , Garland Gaven , Lyons Bonnie , Korstanje Ron , Di Francesco Andrea , Churchill Gary A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
Elucidating the Influence of Coating Materials in the Microencapsulation Process of Hempseed Oil Via Spray Drying: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Attributes, Oxidation Stability, and Thermal Properties
Authors: Cevik Kutlu , Yalcin Hasan , Konca Yusuf 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of different coating materials on the microencapsulation of hempseed oil by spray drying. For this purpose, hempseed oil emulsions were prepared with skimmed milk powder (SMP), maltodextrin (MD), and whey protein concentrate (WPC). The properties of these emulsions including rheological, zeta potential, and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Then, hempseed oil microcapsules were produced using spray drying. The effect of the different coating materials on spray-dried hempseed oil capsules was evaluated in terms of microencapsulation yield, surface oil, microencapsulation efficiency, oxidation stability, and physicochemical properties. The combinations of SMP (50.58%) or WPC (56.21%) with MD significantly enhanced the microencapsulation yield. The highest microencapsulation efficiency (92.16%) was obtained in the microcapsule with SMP: MD. This microcapsule with SMP: MD also showed higher oxidative stability compared to other microcapsules. Besides, this combination (SMP: MD) effectively protected the hempseed oil against oxidation during the Schaal oven test. Additionally, spray-dried hempseed oil microcapsules were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. It was determined that using MD as a coating material improved the thermal stability of the microcapsules. As a result, it was concluded that the SMP: MD as a coating material was suitable for the microencapsulation of hempseed oil.