bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation patterns and hydro‐geological drivers of freshwater rock pool communities in the monsoon‐tropical Kimberley region, Western Australia
Authors: Cross Adam T. , Turner Shane R. , Merritt David J. , van Niekerk Adriaan , Renton Michael , Dixon Kingsley W. , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuestionFreshwater rock pools (FRP) are small, highly stressed wetland habitats that harbour many range‐restricted and specialized plants. We examined the phytosociological patterns of FRP in a biodiverse monsoon‐tropical region, to establish the influence of hydro‐geological drivers on vegetation patterns in rock pool plant communities.LocationGardner Plateau, central North Kimberley, Western Australia (centre of the study area: 14°47′46″ S, 126°31′27″ E).MethodsA total of 1066 phytosociological relevés (microplots), as well as measurements of physical habitat characteristics, were collected from 580 rock pools. Communities were classified using clustering and table sorting. The hydrological regime of each rock pool was dynamically modelled, and the most significant predicative hydro‐geological factors were determined for each species and vegetation community using canonical correlation analysis, classification and regression trees and random forests.ResultsVariation in maximum rock pool depth, hydroperiod and the number of annual innundation events were identified as the most significant environmental predictors of community composition. All resident taxa were either regional or narrow‐range endemics, with four species representing strict FRP specialists. FRP‐specialist taxa exhibited the highest levels of hydro‐geological specialization, and these species occurred in distinct communities characterized by longer periods of inundation and fewer annual inundation events than assemblages of non‐specialist rock pool species. Eight distinct plant communities were recognized.ConclusionsFRP in the monsoonal tropics are dynamic and hydrologically unpredictable aquatic ecosystems that harbour a number of unique plant communities. The duration and periodicity of seasonal inundation represent major ecological drivers of vegetation assemblages in these habitats, with inhabitant species exhibiting a progression of specialization to hydro‐geological factors along a gradient of hydrological stability. Although the colonization of individual rock pools by wetland plants appears to be a random process governed by the serendipity of seed arrival events, the comparative stability of FRP over long geological time frames may have facilitated the persistence of a small number of highly specialized taxa in these ecosystems.
Selection of soybean mutant lines with altered seed coat colour and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Lee Kyung Jun , Kim Jin‐Baek , Choi Hong‐Il , Ha Bo‐Keun , Kang Si‐Yong , Kim Dong Sub 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this study, the flavonoid and isoflavone contents in four checks with seed coat colour altered from yellow to black were determined, and their antioxidant activity was measured. Three anthocyanins (delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, D3G; cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, C3G; and petunidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, Pt3G) were detected in the four checks, while their controls (cvs. ‘Danbaek’ and ‘Daepung’) were not found. Among them, D‐16 derived from cv. ‘Danbaek’ showed the highest anthocyanin contents. The isoflavone contents of all checks showed lower levels compared to their controls. Among six isoflavones, glycitein was only detected in DP‐39. To analyse the radical scavenging activities among the four checks, we conducted DPPH, FRAP and UWLA assays. Significant differences in antioxidant activities were obtainable in the four checks, which contained significant differences in levels of anthocyanins and isoflavones. Based on these results, gamma irradiation may change the isoflavone and anthocyanin contents of soybean. Our four checks selected in this study may be useful for breeding soybean varieties to alter their nutritional values.
Factors Associated with Increased HPV Vaccine Use in Rural‐Frontier U.S. States
Authors: Lai Djin , Ding Qian , Bodson Julia , Warner Echo L. , Kepka Deanna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to examine sociodemographic factors surrounding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine initiation and three‐dose completion rates in the Intermountain West (IW).Design and SampleAnalysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2012 National Immunization Survey‐Teen dataset was conducted with a survey‐weighted Pearson chi‐square test and multivariable Poisson regression to produce bivariate and multivariate analyses. Participants with daughters aged 13–17 with provider‐verified immunization records were included. Dual‐frame adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were produced with provider‐phase sampling weights.MeasuresFactors included parents' and adolescents' sociodemographic and healthcare usage variables. Outcome measures included adolescents' receipt and completion of the HPV vaccine.ResultsOlder parental ages (45 years and above) showed lower prevalence of adolescent HPV vaccine initiation (PR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59–0.87, p = .003) and completion (PR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.96, p = .031) compared with parents younger than 35. Seventeen‐year‐old adolescents demonstrated highest prevalence of initiating (PR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.47–2.39, p < .001) and completing (PR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.97–4.33, p < .001) the vaccination series compared to 13‐year olds. Those who had received meningitis vaccinations had high prevalence of initiating (PR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.50–2.48, p < .001) and completing the HPV vaccine (PR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.64–3.86, p < .001).ConclusionThis study highlights parental, adolescent, and health care characteristics related to use of the HPV vaccine. Future research to investigate specific barriers and strategies for addressing HPV vaccination use in the IW is recommended.
The mystery of underground death: cell death in roots during ontogeny and in response to environmental factors
Authors: Bagniewska‐Zadworna A. , Arasimowicz‐Jelonek M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is an essential part of the ontogeny of roots and their tolerance/resistance mechanisms, allowing adaptation and growth under adverse conditions. It occurs not only at the cellular and subcellular level, but also at the levels of tissues, organs and even whole plants. This process involves a wide spectrum of mechanisms, from signalling and the expression of specific genes to the degradation of cellular structures. The major goals of this review were to broaden current knowledge about PCD processes in roots, and to identify mechanisms associated with both developmental and stress‐associated cell death in roots. Vacuolar cell death, when cell contents are removed by a combination of an autophagy‐associated process and the release of hydrolases from a collapsed vacuole, is responsible for programming self‐destruction. Regardless of the conditions and factors inducing PCD, its subcellular events usually include the accumulation of autophagosome‐like structures, and the formation of massive lytic compartments. In some cases these are followed by the nuclear changes of chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Tonoplast disruption and vacuole implosion occur very rapidly, are irreversible and constitute a definitive step toward cell death in roots. Active cell elimination plays an important role in various biological processes in the life history of plants, leading to controlled cellular death during adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and organ remodelling throughout development and senescence.
Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Babayev Revekka , Nickolas Thomas L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRenal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a bone disorder that occurs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is associated with 2‐ to 14‐fold increased fracture risk compared to the general population. Risk of fractures is also increased in kidney transplant recipients especially within the first 5 years after transplantation. Fractures in CKD patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality; thus, proper screening and management of CKD bone complications is critical to improving clinical outcomes. Tetracycline double‐labeled transiliac crest bone biopsy with histomorphometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis and classification of ROD. However, bone biopsy is not practical to obtain in all patients. Thus, there is great interest in noninvasive approaches that can be used in the clinic to assess ROD. Here, we discuss the role of surrogate measures of bone health in CKD patients, such as dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and novel high‐resolution imaging, in conjunction with biochemical biomarkers of bone turnover. Recommended guidelines for diagnosis and management of CKD‐MBD are discussed.
In vitro Assay for Screening of Optimal Targets for Antigen‐Delivery to Murine Dendritic Cells
Authors: Pugholm L. H. , Varming K. , Agger R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTargeting of antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) increase the efficiency of immunization procedures and may facilitate the development of more effective vaccines. Several surface molecules on DCs have shown to be useful for antigen targeting, but many more deserves investigation for their efficacy in this respect. With this end in mind, a simple in vitro assay for screening of optimal targets for antigen‐delivery to murine DCs was established. Splenocytes from mice immunized with rat IgG were targeted in vitro with a panel of different rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against surface markers on murine DCs. The resulting T‐cell activation was analysed by determining the number of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 secreting cells by ELISPOT. A positive effect of targeting was evident with several of the mAbs. Thus, mAbs against CD11c, CD36, CD205 and Clec7A all induced IFN‐γ responses that were significantly higher than those induced by non‐targeting control mAbs. Anti‐CD36 also induced IL‐4 responses that were significantly higher than the control. The assay described here allows simultaneous analysis of a large number of potential target structures and facilitates direct comparison between the different targets regarding the strength of the T‐cell responses induced by the targeted DCs. The assay could be useful as a first‐line screening of potential target structures on murine DCs.
CCL20‐CCR6 Cytokine Network Facilitate Treg Activity in Advanced Grades and Metastatic Variants of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li W.‐M. , Liu H.‐R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTumour immunity regulates tumour restriction to the site of occurrence. Failure of this balance facilitates tumour spread beyond the primary organ of origin. Tregs are known to be recruited in infections, including viral infections like hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Thus, they form a continuum of initial viral infection, an environment of immune suppression by recruitment of Tregs, intrinsic viral‐mediated nuclear transformation and carcinogenesis, and thereafter worsening of progress, including metastasis due to the Tregs suppressing the cell‐mediated destruction of tumour cells. In this study, we obtained advanced grades of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and examined the cytokines that is potentially known to recruit Tregs. We examined the expression of CCL20, the cytokine that recruits Tregs. We isolated Tregs from HCC samples and examined expression of CCR6, the receptor for CCL20 and compared expression in control tissues obtained mainly from subjects with cirrhosis, but no evidence of cancer. The findings of this study indicate that mRNA expression of CCL20 is significantly enhanced, along with expression of mRNA for the cytokines IL17 and IL6. Furthermore, tissue expression of Gamma‐interferon was reduced in HCC. When Tregs were isolated from the liver cancer samples, the expression of CCR6, the only and specific receptor for CCL20, was upregulated in the cancer tissue derived Tregs. Furthermore, STAT3 levels were significantly increased in these tumour‐derived Tregs. This study demonstrates that immune evasion mechanisms are operant in hepatocellular carcinoma through a transcriptional network of CCL20‐IL17‐IL6 cytokines that facilitate immune suppression‐mediated cancer cell elimination and metastasis.
Epstein–Barr virus‐driven B Cell Proliferation with CD4+ T Cell Expansion: A Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis‐like Disease Related to Hyperinterleukin‐10 Secretion of Remarkably Favourable Outcome with Rituximab
Authors: Cervera P. , Guihot A. , Gorochov G. , Lassoued K. , Coppo P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGranulomatous lymphomatosis is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐driven B cell proliferation associated with an exuberant CD4+ T cell reaction with usually histopathological pictures of angiocentrism. So far, the characteristics of CD4+ T cells in granulomatous lymphomatosis and the mechanism leading to their expansion remain poorly explored. We report a 56‐year‐old female with a past history of cold agglutinin disease, which was successfully treated with 4 weekly infusions of rituximab. She presented one year later with features of granulomatous lymphomatosis that resulted in severe lung and bone marrow infiltration. We provide evidence that CD4+ T cell expansion was oligoclonal, involved anergic cells and did not result from an EBV‐driven stimulation. Rather, it resulted possibly from a high production of interleukin‐10 by immunoblastic EBV‐positive B cells. The outcome was remarkably favourable with rituximab and steroids. Our results suggest that an EBV‐driven B cell proliferation should be investigated in patients presenting with a CD4+ T cells alveolitis or other systemic manifestations resulting from a CD4+ T cell expansion. These features should prompt to introduce an immunosuppressive therapy including steroids and rituximab. Our results deserve further investigations to confirm our pathophysiological hypotheses in CD4+ T cell expansions associated with EBV‐driven B cell proliferations and to assess whether granulomatous lymphomatosis could result from comparable mechanisms.
The Uptake of Extracellular Vesicles is Affected by the Differentiation Status of Myeloid Cells
Authors: Czernek L. , Chworos A. , Duechler M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntercellular communication includes the exchange of various membrane vesicles including exosomes. Exosomes are intraluminal nanovesicles generated from multivesicular bodies, a late endosomal compartment. Cancer cells release exosomes that influence their proximate and distant environment to facilitate angiogenesis, metastatic dissemination and immune escape. Cancer‐derived vesicles may also trigger an anti‐tumour response by transferring tumour antigens to immune cells. We wanted to investigate whether differentiation and maturation of myeloid cells changes their capacity to take up cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV). We compared the efficiency of vesicle uptake by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. To visualize and quantify the cellular uptake, EV were labelled with two different dyes, carboxyfluoresceine diacetate succinimidyl‐ester (CFSE), or DSSN+, a water soluble distyrylstilbene oligoelectrolyte which preferentially intercalates into the cell membrane. With the help of cytokines, THP‐1 monocytes were differentiated into immature or mature dendritic cells, or macrophages. EV uptake was monitored by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The results show that macrophages and mature dendritic cells acquired stronger fluorescence transferred by EV than monocytes or immature dendritic cells indicating that the differentiation status influences the efficiency of EV uptake.
Feuerbach's theory of object‐relations and its legacy in 20th century post‐Hegelian philosophy
Authors: Deranty Jean‐Philippe 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the way in which Feuerbach's attempt to develop a naturalistic, realist remodeling of Hegel's relational ontology, which culminated in his own version of “sensualism”, led him to emphasize the vulnerability of the subject and the role of affectivity, thus making object‐dependence a constitutive feature of subjectivity. We find in Feuerbach the first lineaments of a philosophical theory of object‐relations, one that anticipates the well‐known psychological theory of the same name, but one that also offers a broader metaphysical basis in which all types of “essential objects” are shown to matter to subjectivity. This Feuerbachian theory of object‐relations, the paper then argues, foreshadows a number of important developments in 20th century post‐Hegelian philosophy. In it can be found an anticipation of Adorno's later theory of mimesis. Equally, this theory already emphasizes the “libidinal” nature of intentionality, in a way that announces Merleau‐Ponty's ontology of the flesh. Finally, the last section of the article proposes a model with which we might reconstruct the way in which object‐relations and self‐relations can be brought together consistently. In this instance, Feuerbach uses concepts that announce Freud's notion of “primary narcissism”. One contemporary philosopher who has proposed a sophisticated model of subjectivity, in which primary narcissism is shown to complement object‐dependence, is Axel Honneth. The last section argues that Feuerbach's full image of subjective identity as reciprocal scaffolding of self‐ and object‐relations reminds strongly of Honneth's core concept of “positive self‐relation”.
The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health
Authors: Miller Lisa R. , Grollman Eric Anthony 
Published: September 2015

Research suggests that transgender people face high levels of discrimination in society, which may contribute to their disproportionate risk for poor health. However, little is known about whether gender nonconformity, as a visible marker of one's stigmatized status as a transgender individual, heightens trans people's experiences with discrimination and, in turn, their health. Using data from the largest survey of transgender adults in the United States, the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (N = 4,115), we examine the associations among gender nonconformity, transphobic discrimination, and health‐harming behaviors (i.e., attempted suicide, drug/alcohol abuse, and smoking). The results suggest that gender nonconforming trans people face more discrimination and, in turn, are more likely to engage in health‐harming behaviors than trans people who are gender conforming. Our findings highlight the important role of gender nonconformity in the social experiences and well‐being of transgender people.
A node‐localized transporter OsZIP3 is responsible for the preferential distribution of Zn to developing tissues in rice
Authors: Sasaki Akimasa , Yamaji Naoki , Mitani‐Ueno Namiki , Kashino Miho , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: September 2015

SummaryDeveloping tissues such as meristem with low transpiration require high Zn levels for their active growth, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the preferential distribution to these tissues are poorly understood. We found that a member of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT‐like protein), OsZIP3, showed high expression in the nodes of rice (Oryza sativa). Immunostaining revealed that OsZIP3 was localized at the xylem intervening parenchyma cells and xylem transfer cells of the enlarged vascular bundle in both basal and upper nodes. Neither OsZIP3 gene expression nor encoded protein was affected by either deficiency or toxic levels of Zn. Knockdown of OsZIP3 resulted in significantly reduced Zn levels in the shoot basal region containing the shoot meristem and elongating zone, but increased Zn levels in the transpiration flow. A short‐term experiment with the 67Zn stable isotope showed that more Zn was distributed to the lower leaves, but less to the shoot elongating zone and nodes in the knockdown lines compared with the wild‐type rice at both the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Taken together, OsZIP3 located in the node is responsible for unloading Zn from the xylem of enlarged vascular bundles, which is the first step for preferential distribution of Zn to the developing tissues in rice.
Cytogenetic mapping with centromeric bacterial artificial chromosomes contigs shows that this recombination‐poor region comprises more than half of barley chromosome 3H
Authors: Aliyeva‐Schnorr Lala , Beier Sebastian , Karafiátová Miroslava , Schmutzer Thomas , Scholz Uwe , Doležel Jaroslav , Stein Nils , Houben Andreas 
Published: September 2015

SummaryGenetic maps are based on the frequency of recombination and often show different positions of molecular markers in comparison to physical maps, particularly in the centromere that is generally poor in meiotic recombinations. To decipher the position and order of DNA sequences genetically mapped to the centromere of barley (Hordeum vulgare) chromosome 3H, fluorescence in situ hybridization with mitotic metaphase and meiotic pachytene chromosomes was performed with 70 genomic single‐copy probes derived from 65 fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) contigs genetically assigned to this recombination cold spot. The total physical distribution of the centromeric 5.5 cM bin of 3H comprises 58% of the mitotic metaphase chromosome length. Mitotic and meiotic chromatin of this recombination‐poor region is preferentially marked by a heterochromatin‐typical histone mark (H3K9me2), while recombination enriched subterminal chromosome regions are enriched in euchromatin‐typical histone marks (H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K27me3) suggesting that the meiotic recombination rate could be influenced by the chromatin landscape.
Identification and genome organization of saponin pathway genes from a wild crucifer, and their use for transient production of saponins in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Khakimov Bekzod , Kuzina Vera , Erthmann Pernille Ø. , Fukushima Ery Odette , Augustin Jörg M. , Olsen Carl Erik , Scholtalbers Jelle , Volpin Hanne , Andersen Sven Bode , Hauser Thure P. , Muranaka Toshiya , Bak Søren 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe ability to evolve novel metabolites has been instrumental for the defence of plants against antagonists. A few species in the Barbarea genus are the only crucifers known to produce saponins, some of which make plants resistant to specialist herbivores, like Plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. Genetic mapping in Barbarea vulgaris revealed that genes for saponin biosynthesis are not clustered but are located in different linkage groups. Using co‐location with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance, transcriptome and genome sequences, we identified two 2,3‐oxidosqualene cyclases that form the major triterpenoid backbones. LUP2 mainly produces lupeol, and is preferentially expressed in insect‐susceptible B. vulgaris plants, whereas LUP5 produces β‐amyrin and α‐amyrin, and is preferentially expressed in resistant plants; β‐amyrin is the backbone for the resistance‐conferring saponins in Barbarea. Two loci for cytochromes P450, predicted to add functional groups to the saponin backbone, were identified: CYP72As co‐localized with insect resistance, whereas CYP716As did not. When B. vulgaris sapogenin biosynthesis genes were transiently expressed by CPMV‐HT technology in Nicotiana benthamiana, high levels of hydroxylated and carboxylated triterpenoid structures accumulated, including oleanolic acid, which is a precursor of the major resistance‐conferring saponins. When the B. vulgaris gene for sapogenin 3‐O‐glucosylation was co‐expressed, the insect deterrent 3‐O‐oleanolic acid monoglucoside accumulated, as well as triterpene structures with up to six hexoses, demonstrating that N. benthamiana further decorates the monoglucosides. We argue that saponin biosynthesis in the Barbarea genus evolved by a neofunctionalized glucosyl transferase, whereas the difference between resistant and susceptible B. vulgaris chemotypes evolved by different expression of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs).