bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemie polyfunktioneller Moleküle, 80 [1]. Kristall- und Molekülstrukturen der Heteronoradamantane 5-Methyl-2.2.8.8-tetra-ethoxycarbonyl-1.3.7-triarsa-tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonan und 5-Methyl-1.3.7-triarsa-2.8-diselena-tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonan / Chemistry of Polyfunctional Molecules, 80 [1]. Crystal and Molecular Structures of the Heteronoradam antanes 5-Methyl-2.2.8.8-tetra-ethoxycarbonyl-1.3.7-triarsa-tricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonane and 5-M ethyl-1.3.7-triarsa-2.8-diselena-[3.3.1.03,7]nonane
Authors: Thiele Gerhard , Rotter Heinz W. , Lietz Martin , Ellermann Jochen 
Published: February 2015

The molecular and crystal structures of the nor-heteroadam antanes CH3C(CH2As)3[C(COOCH2CH3)2]2 (1) and CH3C(CH2As)3Se2 (2) have been investigated in order to obtain confirmation of the rare structures deduced earlier from mass, 1H NMR and vibrational spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 are triclinic, space group P1̄-C1
i with a - 769.27(30), b = 1036.09(14), c = 1599.18(17) pm, α = 98.236(10)°, β = 97.987(18)°, γ = 103.633(20)° and Z = 2. On the basis of 1821 unique reflections the structure was refined to a weighted R value of 5.28%. The crystals of 2 are monoclinic, space group P 21/c-C5
2h with a = 1102.73(23), b - 727.49(14), c = 1281.27(42) pm. β = 98.803(21)° and Z = 4. On the basis of 1065 unique reflections the structure was refined to a weighted R value of 5.93%.
Several attempts to synthesize CH3C(CH2As)3Te2 failed.
ESR- und ENDOR-Untersuchungen von p-Benzosemichinon-Diarylthallium-Ionenpaaren / ESR- and ENDO R-Investigations of p-Benzosemiquinone-Diarylthallium Ion Pairs
Authors: Stegmann Hartmut B. , Ulmschneider Karl B. , Schuler Paul , Jülich Thomas , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: February 2015

Diarylthallium hydroxides react very smoothly in organic solvents with hydroquinones to stable paramagnetic complexes. This reaction has been investigated with two ligands and several organometallic compounds in 8 different solvents. In basic solutions clearly two paramagnetic species can be detected by ESR spectroscopy. One component exhibits a large doublet splitting assigned to the thallium counterion and the second radical does not show any metal coupling. The relative concentrations of both radicals depend strongly on the solvent and the temperature. Therefore, a slow equilibrium betw een a contact ion pair and a solvent separated ion pair is assumed. The thermodynamic parameters are determined to ⊿H = 0.8 kcal/mol, ⊿G293 = -0.1 kcal/mol, ⊿S = 3.04 cl/mol.
The proton and thallium coupling constants as well as the g-value of the contact ion pair show a rem arkable temperature dependence. The signs of proton splitting constants are determined by ENDOR-TRIPLE investigations. The change of the electronic structure of the radical anion by formation of a contact ion pair is discussed. For interpretation of these results we assumed a fast equilibrium between different conformations of the contact ion pair according to behaviour of comparable aroxyl radicals. Therefore, the systems investigated allow a simultaneous observation of solvent separated and different contact ion pairs.
Synthese und Struktur- und Konformationsanalyse von Triphenylphosphonium-bis(diphenylarsino)methylid
Authors: Schmidbaur Hubert , Nußstein Peter , Müller Gerhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Triphenylphosphonium -diphenylarsinomethylide (1) and -bis-(diphenylarsino)methylide (2) are easily available through transylidation processes using Ph3P = CH2 and Ph2AsCl as the starting materials in the appropriate molar ratio. Analytical and spectroscopic data are presented for both ylides. The structure of 2 was studied in detail by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The basic PCAs2 skeleton is found to deviate strongly from planarity. The Ph2As-substituents adopt a cis/trans conformation relative to the ylidic P = C bond with the directions of the lone pairs of electrons at the arsenic atoms in the heavy atom plane as expected for a maximum compensation of the electrostatic vectors. For 1, a cis-conformation of the lone pair of electrons and a large PCAs angle are predicted on the basis of NMR analogies with the phosphorus homologues. Single bond rotational barriers appear to be much lower for 1 and 2, however, than for the corresponding phosphino-substituted ylides.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 153 [1] Die Kristall- und Molekülstruktur eines 1.3.2-Dioxaborolan-2-yl-1.3.2-dioxaborolans
Authors: Nöth H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of the title com pound 5 has been investigated by X-ray crystallography in order to discern between two structural alternatives. 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and almost planar B-B bonded dioxaborolane rings are present in the molecule. 5 possesses a crystallographically imposed center of inversion, and approaches the point group symmetry D2h-
Zur Kenntnis der Verbindungen MCl5· NSCl, (MCl5)2 · N2S2, S4N4Cl[MCl6] und N(SCl)2[MCl6] von Niob und Tantal
Authors: Hanich Jürgen , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The pentachlorides MCI5 (M = Nb, Ta) react with trithiazyl chloride in CCl4 suspension to form the donor-acceptor com plexes MCl5-NSCl and (MC15)2 • N2S2. With excess (NSCl)3 the ionic com pounds S4N4Cl[MCl6] are obtained. Reaction of the complexes MCl5 - NSCl with SCl2 give another ionic species N(SCl)2[MCl6] whereas thermal cleavage is found to result in the formation of (MCl5)2 • N2S2. All products were characterized by their IR spectra.
Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Biscyanophthalocyaninatoferraten(III)
Authors: Küppers H. , Kennedy B. J. , Murray K. S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The preparation of bis-cyanophthalocyaninatoferrates(III) with different bulky cations is described. The redox behaviour was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the results confirmed by appropriate chemical reduction and oxidation reactions. Reactions with bases and acids as well as the redox reactions are governed by the strong trans-efiect of CN- favouring the formation of the monocyano or mixed ligand monocyano complexes. The ESR and Mössbauer spectra as well as the magnetic susceptibility studies (4 .2 -300 K) indicate a low-spin Fe(III) complex with a pseudooctahedral 2T2-groundstate. The IR and Resonance Raman (RR) spectra were investigated. By comparison with similar electronic Raman transitions in the low-temperature Raman spectra of K3[Fe(CN)6] and Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] • 2H2O the RR-enhanced band at 525 cm-1 in the 80 K RR-spectrum is assigned to the intraconfigurational Raman transitions between the groundstate spin-orbit split components Г7g →Г7g, Г6g(D4h*) yielding the spin-orbit coupling parameter ζFe = 350 cm-1. In the FIR-spectrum the F e-C-stretching vibration (a2u) is localized at 350 cm -1 as confirmed by comparison with the FIR-spectra FeXPc(2-) (X = F. Cl. Br, I). The UV - VIS spectrum was measured together with those of the bis-cyano complexes of Fe(II) and Co(III). The splitting of the Q-band (a2ueg) is discussed. Extra-bands at 540. 610 and 775 nm are assigned to Pc →Fe-electron transfer. A comparison with the spectra of the H2S04 adduct and the phthalocyanine- π-cation radical is presented.
Bis(trimethylsilyl)-phosphaethene und Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-fluorphosphane
Authors: Haase Martin , Klingebiel Uwe , Skoda Lutz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Phosphaethenes of the type (Me3Si)2C = P -NRSiMe3 R = C10H15 (7), CMe3 (8), 2.4.6-Me3C6H2 (10)), LiF, and Me3SiF are obtained in the reaction of the aminodifluorophosphanes (3-5) with the lithium salt of tris(trimethylsilyl)methane (1). 10 is isolated as by-product. The main product is F2PC(SiMe3)3 (9). The lithium salt of tris(trimethylsilyl)silan (2) reacts with 3 -6 to give the thermally stable substitution compounds (Me3Si)3Si -PF-NRSiMe3 (11-14). The fluorosilylphosphane Me3Si(CMe3)P -SiFMe - N(SiMe3)2 (15) is formed in the reaction of Me3Si(CMe3)PLi and F2SiMeN (SiMe3)2.
Änderung der Selektivität in katalytischen Mehrkomponenten-Systemen über die Konzentrationen, Steuerung metallkatalysierter Reaktionen, XIII. Mitteilung [1]
Authors: Bartik Tamas , Behler Ansgar , Heimbach Paul , Ndalut Paulo , Sebastian Jörg , Sturm Harald 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By applying the method of inverse titration [1,2] the influence of increasing concentrations of added effectors to organic and metalorganic chemical systems on the product selectivity can easily be identified. o a Wittig-type system we added LiI (change of stereoselectivity) and also triphenylphosphanoxide (removal of salt-effect). To a catalytic N(0)/butadiene system we added triphenylphosphite and then morpholine and vice versa. Ni:P(OC6H5)3: morpholine in a ratio 1:1:0,1 yields more than 90% cyclodimers but in a ratio 1:0,1:20 more than 90% n-octa-1,3,6- trienes. The co-oligomerisation of two butadienes with one 2,5-dimethyl-3-aza-hex-3-en in the system Ni/triphenylphosphane/butadiene/Schiff base/toluene/effector (1:1:66:33:66:~0,1) leads - within the 2 : 1-cooligomers - by adding di-n-propyl-borane to a pure octadienylated Schiff base 11 or by adding morpholine largely to an octatrienylated amine 12 (~85% 12 and ~15% 11).
Cycloalkylidenselenoketene durch Pyrolyse von 1,2,3-Selenadiazolen — Untersuchungen mit der temperaturabhängigen PE-Spektroskopie und Matrix-IR-Spektroskopie [1]
Authors: Schulz Reinhard , Schweig Armin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The gas-phase pyrolysis of cyclohexeno-1,2,3-selenadiazole and cycloocteno-1,2,3-selenadiazole has been investigated by variable temperature photoelectron spectroscopy and matrix IR spectroscopy. The ring contracted, highly reactive products cyclopentylidenselenoketene (cyclopentylidenmethanselone) and cycloheptylidenselenoketene (cycloheptylidenmethanselone) - which had not been found in liquid phase thermolysis experiments - have been detected. Additionally HeI photoelectron and IR spectra of analogous ketenes and thioketenes are presented for comparative reasons.
Germanium-haltige Heterocyclen, VI [1] Ph8Ge5O6, ein Germoxan aus bicyclisch verknüpften (GeO)4-Ringen
Authors: Häberle Karl , Dräger Martin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The title compound 1,3,3,5,7,7,10,10-octaphenyl-2,4,6,8,9,11-hexoxa-1,3,5,7,11-pentagermabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane is synthesized from PhGeCl3/Ph2GeC l2 and AgNO3 in aqueous acetone. The 13C NMR phenyl signals for bridges and bridge-heads are in the expected ratio of intensity 3:1. The crystal structure of Ph8Ge5O6 ·1/2 acetone has been determined and refined to R = 0.062. The asymmetric unit contains two independent bicyclic Ph8Ge5O6 cages and one disordered crystal acetone. The total symmetry of both Ph8Ge5O6 molecules is near to D3, the symmetry of the individual 8-membered rings (GeO)4 is near to C2 (distances Ge -O 172-180, Ge -C 191-195 pm, angles Ge - O - Ge 128.0-133.8, O - Ge - O 107.5-110.6°).
Gehinderte Ligandbewegungen in Übergangsmetallkomplexen, XXIII [1] Synthese und dynamisches Verhalten von Dicarbonyl(η-dien)-bis(trimethylphosphan) chrom(0) und Dicarbonyl(η-dien)-bis(trimethylphosphit)chrom(0)
Authors: Kreiter Cornelius G. , Kotzian Michael , Schubert Ulrich , Bau Robert , Bruck Michael A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cr(CO)2[P(CH3)3]2(η-diene) (9-14) and Cr(CO)2[P(OCH3)3]2(η-diene) complexes (15-20) were prepared photochemically in high yields from Cr(CO)4[P(CH3)3]2 (1) or Cr(CO)4[P(OCH3)3]2 (2), respectively, with the dienes 1,3-butadiene (3), trans-1,3-pentadiene (4), 2-methyl-1,3- butadiene (5), trans,trans-2,4-hexadiene (6), 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (7), and 2-ethyl-1,3- butadiene (8). The stereochemistry of 9-20 was determined by IR and N M R spectroscopy. In the case of dicarbonyl-η-trans-1 ,3-pentadiene-bis(trimethylphosphane)chromium(0) (10) and the corresponding trans,trans-2,4-hexadiene complex 12 the X-ray crystal and molecular structure analyses confirm the spectroscopic conclusions. The distorted octahedral complexes are obtained exclusively as af-isomers. They show a hindered, degenerate isomerization with an intramolecular mutual exchange of the donor ligands. Trigonal prismatic transition states and distorted octahedral intermediates are appropriate models for the explanation of the degenerate isomerization. The activation barriers for the ligand movement were determined by dynamic 31P-NMR spectroscopy. The mobility of the ligand spheres distinctly depend on the position of the alkyl groups of the diene ligands. A methyl group in 1E-position increases the barrier of the ligand movement by ≈ 16 kJ/mol, in 2-position the barrier is lowered by ≈ 5 kJ/mol. This effect is caused by steric interactions between the alkyl groups and the donor ligands in the transition or ground state.
Diastereomere Organophosphorverbindungen, II [1] Molekül- und Kristallstrukturen von [CH3(t-C4H9)P(S)]2 und [CH3(t-C4H9)P(S)]2S
Authors: Wunderlich Hartmut , Wussow Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Syntheses, separation of diastereomers, NMR studies and molecular properties in solution are reported for [CH3(t-C4H9)P (S)]2 (1 and 2), and [CH3(t-C4H9)P(S)]2S (3) in the preceding paper [1], For further characterization the crystal structures of the diastereom eric disphosphane disulphides (1 and 2) as well as of the related sulphane (3) have been determ ined. 1 is triclinic (space group P1̄; Z = 1), 1792 independent reflections yielded R = 0.03. 2: monoclinic (P21; Z = 2), 973 reflections, R = 0.07. 3: orthorhombic (Pbca; Z = 8), 2607 reflections, R = 0.05. Molecules of 1 and 2 are diastereomers. The configuration of 1 is meso (point symmetry 1̄-Ci , all ligands trans) whereas 2 is an enantiomeric form of the prepared racemic mixture (S atom s and methyl gauche, t-butyl trans). The distance P - P is 226.6(1) and 226.9(3) pm, respectively. Molecules of 3 are enantiomers in racemic crystals (S atoms and t-butyl close to gauche). The molecule is bent by an angle P -S -P of 104.78(5)°.
Fulvene mit inverser Ringpolarisation, 17 [1] Heptafulvene und Heptafulvenradikalkationen: Ringverengung durch Abspaltung eines C1-Fragments bei der Einelektronen-Oxidation von Bis(dimethylamino)dibenzoheptafulven
Authors: Daub Jörg , Pirzer Erika , Trieschmann Christa , Merz Andreas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Disubstituted dibenzoheptafulvenes 4 are obtained from dibenzocycloheptene 8 via the carboxylic acid amide 10, and are characterized by spectroscopic methods and cyclic voltammetry. These dibenzoheptafulvenes are nonplanar, geometric enantiomorphy is shown by 1H-NMR of 12-dim ethyl-am ino-12-siloxydibenzoheptafulvene 4c. Oxidation o f 12,12-bis(dim ethylamino)dibenzo[a,d]-heptafulvene 4a with Ag(I), I2 or Cu(II) leads to the radical cation 7. In solution 7 is converted to dibenzocycloheptatriene and anthracene amidinium salts 18 and 19. The ratio o f these two amidinium salts depends on the reaction conditions. H-radical trapping from the medium is proposed for the formation of 18, while 19 must be formed under elimination of a C1-unit.
Untersuchungen zum Redox-System Bis-(pyridin-2,6-dicarbothioato)-ferrat(II) /-ferrat(III) [1]
Authors: Hildebrand U. , Lex J. , Taraz K. , Winkler S. , Ockels W. , Budzikiewicz H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of the blue pigment obtained from the culture medium of Pseudomonas putida upon addition of Fe++ and the nature of its redox reactions has been elucidated.
Thiation Reactions, II Thiation of Certain o-Diazaketones
Authors: El-Kateb A. A. , Shabana R. , Osman F.H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Diazoketones 2 and 4 react with the thiation agent 1 to give 1 ,2 ,3-thiadiazole derivatives 3, 5 and 6 , respectively. The action of 1 on 3-diazooxindole (8 ) yields the dimeric dithione 9. Structural assignments are based on analytical. Chemical and spectroscopic results.
Preparation of 3β-Acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-one from 3α-Acetoxy-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid Aimed at the Isotopic Labelling of the Pregnane Side Chain
Authors: Deluca Mónica E. , Seldes Alicia M. , Garraffo Hugo M. , Gros Eduardo G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
3α-Acetoxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid was transformed into 3β-acetoxy-5β-pregnan-20-one by a sequence of reactions that involves inversion o f the configuration at C-3 and degradation of the side chain of the bile acid. The procedure would allow the introduction of a label at C-21 of the final compound.
Anmerkungen zur Strukturbestimmung von Pentacarbonyl[Z-butenyl- (methoxy)carben]chrom [1]
Authors: Schubert Ulrich , Dötz Karl Heinz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Redetermination o f the structure of the title complex revealed that some unusual bond lengths originally reported for this structure [1], are due to an overlooked disorder of the carbene ligand. Rerefinement with a disordered structural model results in normal bond lengths.
Bromoselenate(II): Darstellung, Struktur und Eigenschaften von [P(C6H5)4]2SeBr4 und [P(C6H5)4]2Se2Br6 / Bromoselenates(II): Preparation, Structure and Properties of [P(C6H5)4]2SeBr4 and [P(C6H5)4]2Se2Br6
Authors: Krebs Bernt , Schäffer Andreas , Pohl Siegfried 
Published: February 2015

The novel anion SeBr4
2- was prepared by dissociation of SeOBr2 with formation of SeBr2 and subsequent reaction with bromide in acetonitrile solution; it was isolated as the crystalline tetraphenylphosphonium salt. The X-ray structure analysis of [P(C6H 5)4]2SeBr4 (space group P 1̄ , a = 14.190(3), b = 15.125(3), c = 10.383(2) Å , α = 92.69(2), β = 100.89(2), γ = 92.04(2)° Å , V = 2182.2 Å3) shows the structure to contain monomeric SeBr4
2- anions with a square planar coordination of Se(II). The mean Se -Br bond length in the anion is 2.598 Å .
[P(C6H5)4]2Se2Br6 was obtained from the reaction of SeBr4 (which is in equilibrium with SeBr2, Se2Br2, and Br2, in solution) and bromide in acetonitrile. It crystallizes in the space group P 1̄, with a = 1 0 . 9 3 3 ( 4 ) , = 11.154(4), c = 10.344(4) Å , α = 79.26(3), β = 72.63(3), y = 81.35(3)°, γ = 1176.7 Å3 (at -120 °C), and contains a novel type of centrosymmetric Se2Br6
2- ions with square planar Se-coordination. The mean terminal and bridging Se -Br bond lengths are 2.442 and 2.799 Å , resp. Vibrational spectra are reported and discussed.
Dioxobis(Carboxylato)Chromium(VI) and Oxo(Carboxylato)Chromium(III): Reactions of CrO3 with Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Kapoor Ramesh , Sharma Ramneek , Kapoor Pratibha 
Published: February 2015

Reactions of carboxylic acid anhydrides [(RCO)2O where R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7 and CHCl2] with excess of chromium (VI) oxide at low temperatures yield chromyl carboxylates, CrO2(OOCR)2. These compounds are non-conducting in polar organic solvents. IR spectra suggest the presence of both unidentate and bidentate carboxylato groups and discrete Cr = 0 units. The 1H NMR spectra show the presence of only one type of carboxylato group.
Reactions of carboxylic acid anhydrides with CrO3 in equimolar ratio yield reduced chromium(III) com pounds o f the type CrO(OOCR) at room temperature. Their millimolar solutions in C6H5NO2, CH3NO2 and CH3CN are non-conducting. IR spectra, magnetic susceptibility and some other properties have been investigated. Both types of compounds are polymeric in nature having covalent structures.
Linear GoId(I) Derivatives with Bulky Phosphine and Imidazolato Ligands. X-Ray Crystal Structure of 1-(C6H11)3PAu-2-i-Pr-Imidazole · C6H6
Authors: Bovio Bruna , Bonati Flavio , Burini Alfredo , Pietroni Bianca Rosa 
Published: February 2015

By reaction of a 1-unsubstituted imidazole (im H) with alkali and R3′PAuCl under phase transfer conditions or in MeOH solution R3′PAu (im-N) compounds were obtained where R′ = C6H11 or t-Bu, and imH was imidazole, 2-i-Pr-, 4-NO2-imidazole or benzimidazole. When the Ph3Sb (or Ph3As) homologue was reacted, polymeric [μ-(2-methylimidazolato-N,N′)gold(I)]n was obtained, together with (Ph3Sb)2AuCl.
The X-ray crystal structure of 1-[(C6H11)3PAu]-2-i-Pr-imidazole confirmed that the gold atom is linearly coordinated (177.0(1)°), with Au - N 2.019(5) and Au -P 2.255(2) Å .
Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds by Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer from 1,4-Butanediol
Authors: Marčec Radovan 
Published: February 2015

Hydrogen transfer from appropriate hydrogen donors to unsaturated substrates catalysed by transition metal complexes offers some advantages over hydrogenation with molecular hydrogen [1], These reactions have been carried out mainly with stoichiometric or excess amounts o f primary or secondary alcohols [2-7], hydroaromatic com pounds [8] and formic acid [9] as hydrogen donors.
Although bis primary diols exhibit relatively high propensity for hydrogen donation [10, 11], little attention has been paid to the em ployment of these com pounds as the source of hydrogen in hydrogenation reactions. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the potential use of 1,4-butanediol as the source of hydrogen in the catalytic reduction of carbonyl com pounds, using ruthenium (II) complexes as homogeneous catalysts.
Hierarchical Structure of Slow Manifolds of Reacting Flows
Authors: Bykov Viatcheslav , Neagos Alexander , Klimenko Alexander , Maas Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nowadays the mathematical description of chemically reacting flows
uses very often reaction mechanisms with far above hundred or even
thousand chemical species (and, therefore, a large number of partial
differential equations must be solved), which possibly react within
more than a thousand of elementary reactions. These chemical kinetic
processes cover time scales from nanoseconds to seconds. An analogous
scaling problem arises for the length scales. Due to these scaling
problems the detailed simulation of three-dimensional turbulent flows
in practical systems is beyond the capacity of even today's
super-computers. Using simplified sub-models is a way out of this
problem. The question arising in mathematical modeling of reacting
flows is then: How detailed, or down to which scale has each process
to be resolved (chemical reaction, chemistry-turbulence-interaction,
molecular transport processes) in order to allow a reliable
description of the entire process. Both the chemical source term and
the transport term have one important property, namely, they cause the
existence of low-dimensional attractors in composition space. When
these manifolds can be constructed (described) and parametrized by
a small number of variables, it can be used to reformulate and reduce
the mathematical description for modeling reacting flows. In this work
the hierarchical nature of these low-dimensional manifolds of slow
motions is discussed. It is demonstrated how this important feature of
reacting flows is accounted for by the standard model reduction
methods (like e.g. PEA and QSSA methods) as well as by recently
developed concepts of model reduction. The use of the hierarchical
nature for identification of the low-dimensional manifolds to devise
hierarchical modeling concepts (e.g. for turbulent reacting flows) is
additionally discussed.