bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifractal characterization of meteorological to agricultural drought propagation over India
Authors: Pachore Akshay Bajirao , Remesan Renji , Kumar Rohini 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgricultural drought affects the regional food security and thus understanding how meteorological drought propagates to agricultural drought is crucial. This study examines the temporal scaling trends of meteorological and agricultural drought data over 34 Indian meteorological sub-divisions from 1981 to 2020. A maximum Pearson's correlation coefficient (MPCC) derived between multiscale Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and monthly Standardised Soil Moisture Index (SSMI) time series was used to assess the seasonal as well as annual drought propagation time (DPT). The multifractal characteristics of the SPI time series at a time scale chosen from propagation analysis as well as the SSMI-1 time series were further examined using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA). Results reveal longer average annual DPT in arid and semi-arid regions like Saurashtra and Kutch (~ 6 months), Madhya Maharashtra (~ 5 months), and Western Rajasthan (~ 6 months), whereas, humid regions like Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya, and Kerala exhibit shorter DPT (~ 2 months). The Hurst Index values greater/less than 0.5 indicates the existence of long/short-term persistence (LTP/STP) in the SPI and SSMI time series. The results of our study highlights the inherent connection among drought propagation time, multifractality, and regional climate variations, and offers insights to enhance drought prediction systems in India.
Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates prebiotic effect of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides on human colonic microbiota in-vitro
Authors: Borewicz Klaudyna , Hornung Bastian , Gu Fangjie , van der Zaal Pieter H. , Schols Henk A. , Schaap Peter J. , Smidt Hauke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIsomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are a novel type of soluble dietary fibres with a prebiotic potential promoting growth of beneficial microbes in the gut. However, the mode of action of IMMPs remains unknown. Previous studies on IMMPs showed an increase in total bacteria, especially lactobacilli, and higher production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) when IMMPs were fed to rats or used during in vitro fermentation. Here we used metatranscriptomics to investigate how IMMPs with different amounts of α − (1 → 6) glycosidic linkages affected microbial function during incubation with human fecal inoculum. We showed that active microbial community dynamics during fermentation varied depending on the type of IMMP used and that the observed changes were reflected in the community gene expression profiles. Based on metatranscriptome analysis, members of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the predominant degraders of IMMPs, and the increased gene expression in these bacteria correlated with high amounts of α − (1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. We also noted an increase in relative abundance of these bacteria and an activation of pathways involved in SCFA synthesis. Our findings could provide a baseline for more targeted approaches in designing prebiotics for specific bacteria and to achieve more controlled modulation of microbial activity towards desired health outcomes.
Metagenome-assembled microbial genomes from Parkinson’s disease fecal samples
Authors: Duru Ilhan Cem , Lecomte Alexandre , Shishido Tânia Keiko , Laine Pia , Suppula Joni , Paulin Lars , Scheperjans Filip , Pereira Pedro A. B. , Auvinen Petri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe human gut microbiome composition has been linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, knowledge of the gut microbiota on the genome level is still limited. Here we performed deep metagenomic sequencing and binning to build metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from 136 human fecal microbiomes (68 PD samples and 68 control samples). We constructed 952 non-redundant high-quality MAGs and compared them between PD and control groups. Among these MAGs, there were 22 different genomes of Collinsella and Prevotella, indicating high variability of those genera in the human gut environment. Microdiversity analysis indicated that Ruminococcus bromii was statistically significantly (p < 0.002) more diverse on the strain level in the control samples compared to the PD samples. In addition, by clustering all genes and performing presence-absence analysis between groups, we identified several control-specific (p < 0.05) related genes, such as speF and Fe-S oxidoreductase. We also report detailed annotation of MAGs, including Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG), Cas operon type, antiviral gene, prophage, and secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters, which can be useful for providing a reference for future studies.
Direct healthcare expenditure on Alzheimer’s disease from healthcare providers’ perspective in Malaysia: a micro-costing approach
Authors: Ong Siew Chin , Tay Lyn Xuan , Yee Teck Fah , Teh Ewe Eow , Ch’ng Alan Swee Hock , Razali Rizah Mazzuin , Lim Wan Chieh , Zam Ungku Ahmad Ameen Bin Ungku Mohd. , Parumasivam Thaigarajan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important geriatric disease that creates challenges in health policy planning. There is no previous attempt to quantify the actual direct healthcare cost of AD among older adults in Malaysia. This retrospective observational study with bottom-up micro-costing approach aimed to evaluate the direct healthcare expenditure on AD along with its potential predictors from healthcare providers’ perspective, conducted across six tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. AD patients aged 65 and above who received AD treatment between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 were included. Direct healthcare cost (DHC) of AD was estimated by extracting one-year follow-up information from patient medical records. As a result, 333 AD patients were included in the study. The mean DHC of AD was estimated RM2641.30 (USD 572.45) per patient per year (PPPY) from the healthcare payer’s perspective. Laboratory investigations accounted for 37.2% of total DHC, followed by clinic care (31.5%) and prescription medicine (24.9%). As disease severity increases, annual DHC increases from RM2459.04 (mild), RM 2642.27 (moderate), to RM3087.61 (severe) PPPY. Patients aged 81 and above recorded significantly higher annual DHC (p = 0.003). Such real-world estimates are important in assisting the process of formulating healthcare policies in geriatric care.
Species–specific circuitry of double cone photoreceptors in two avian retinas
Authors: Günther Anja , Haverkamp Silke , Irsen Stephan , Watkins Paul V. , Dedek Karin , Mouritsen Henrik , Briggman Kevin L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn most avian retinas, double cones (consisting of a principal and accessory member) outnumber other photoreceptor types and have been associated with various functions, such as encoding luminance, sensing polarized light, and magnetoreception. However, their down-stream circuitry is poorly understood, particularly across bird species. Analysing species differences is important to understand changes in circuitry driven by ecological adaptations. We compare the ultrastructure of double cones and their postsynaptic bipolar cells between a night-migratory European robin and non-migratory chicken. We discover four previously unidentified bipolar cell types in the European robin retina, including midget-like bipolar cells mainly connected to one principal member. A downstream ganglion cell reveals a complete midget-like circuit similar to a circuit in the peripheral primate retina. Additionally, we identify a selective circuit transmitting information from a specific subset of accessory members. Our data highlight species-specific differences in double cone to bipolar cell connectivity, potentially reflecting ecological adaptations.
Impact of interface traps on charge noise and low-density transport properties in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
Authors: Massai Leonardo , Hetényi Bence , Mergenthaler Matthias , Schupp Felix J. , Sommer Lisa , Paredes Stephan , Bedell Stephen W. , Harvey-Collard Patrick , Salis Gian , Fuhrer Andreas , Hendrickx Nico W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHole spins in Ge/SiGe heterostructures have emerged as an interesting qubit platform with favourable properties such as fast electrical control and noise-resilient operation at sweet spots. However, commonly observed gate-induced electrostatic disorder, drifts, and hysteresis hinder reproducible tune-up of SiGe-based quantum dot arrays. Here, we study Hall bar and quantum dot devices fabricated on Ge/SiGe heterostructures and present a consistent model for the origin of gate hysteresis and its impact on transport metrics and charge noise. As we push the accumulation voltages more negative, we observe non-monotonous changes in the low-density transport metrics, attributed to the induced gradual filling of a spatially varying density of charge traps at the SiGe-oxide interface. With each gate voltage push, we find local activation of a transient low-frequency charge noise component that completely vanishes again after 30 hours. Our results highlight the resilience of the SiGe material platform to interface-trap-induced disorder and noise and pave the way for reproducible tuning of larger multi-dot systems.
Power quality disturbance signal classification in microgrid based on kernel extreme learning machine
Authors: Jing Guoxiu , Wang Dengke , Xiao Qi , Shen Qianxiang , Huang Bonan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) integrated with the improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) to address the power quality disturbance (PQD) issue in microgrids. First, an adaptive variational mode decomposition method is employed to extract PQD signals in microgrids. Then, the IWOA is utilized to optimize the penalty factor and kernel function parameters for the KELM classifier model, thereby enhancing the performance of the classifier. Furthermore, the test results indicate that the proposed IWOA–KELM achieves high classification accuracy and rapid convergence for complex PQD signals.
Sparse decoupling imaging network for wideband two‐dimensional MIMO radar imaging using model‐assisted and attention mechanism
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Wen Zhijin , Liu Yang , Fan Nana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe problem of sparse decoupling radar imaging methods based on deep learning is researched. An improved model‐driven learning imaging network with a complex‐valued convolution block attention module plugged into each sub‐network is proposed. This method can solve the high sidelobe and coupling problem in sparse wideband Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) radar. In addition, it can better focus on the target area and capture target information to boost model representation power. Experimental results verify the validity of the proposed method.
Synthesis of sparse rectangular planar arrays with weight function and improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Tao Kui , Wang Bin , Tian Xue , Tang Qi , Xie Guihan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present article proposes a novel hybrid approach for addressing the synthesis problem of rectangular planar arrays under multiple constraints, through joint optimization of the weight function and the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. Firstly, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is improved by using tent chaotic mapping, nonlinear convergence factor, dominant wolf dynamic belief strategy, and opposition‐based learning strategy to increase the population diversity and the ability to jump out of the local optimum. Secondly, the array elements are weighted using the weight function to generate the position distribution matrix, which reduces the thinned matrix optimization time and improves the optimization efficiency. Finally, the position distribution matrix is used to generate the thinned array, and the IGWO algorithm is applied to perform the sparse optimization with multiple constraints. The effectiveness of the method is verified through numerical simulation and full‐wave simulation experiments, demonstrating its capability to enhance array antenna performance and reduce peak sidelobe level (PSLL). These experimental results hold significant engineering implications and provide valuable references for addressing the array distribution problem under multiple constraints.
IoT and machine learning models for multivariate very short‐term time series solar power forecasting
Authors: Kyi Su , Taparugssanagorn Attaphongse 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn solar energy generation, the inherent variability caused by cloud cover and weather events often leads to sudden fluctuations in power outputs. Addressing this challenge, the authors’ study focuses on very short‐term solar irradiance (SI) prediction. Leveraging multivariate time series datasets, the authors improve very short‐term SI predictions. To achieve accurate very short‐term SI predictions, the authors employ machine learning techniques throughout the forecasting process. Additionally, the authors’ work pioneers the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into solar power systems, a novel approach in the field. The authors leverage LoRa (long range) technology for low‐cost, low‐power, and long‐range wireless control networks. The authors’ study focuses on SI forecasting using long short‐term memory and bi‐directional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) models, achieving high accuracy. The SI forecasts are evaluated in terms of root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error in relation to meteorological data and sky image data. The improvement in performance can be attributed to the Bi‐LSTM's bidirectional nature, allowing it to incorporate future information during training, thereby enhancing its predictive capabilities. Overall, the results suggest that the Bi‐LSTM model is more suitable for accurately forecasting SI, particularly in scenarios requiring short‐term predictions based on rapidly changing environmental factors.
Morphology, complete mitochondrial genome, and molecular phylogeny of Rhabdias macrocephalum n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Diploderma splendidum (Reptilia: Agamidae)
Authors: Zeng Jia-Lu , Chen Hui-Xia , Xu Hong-Ru , Li Liang 
Published: August 2024

Species of the genus Rhabdias Stiles & Hassall, 1905 are common parasitic nematodes occurring in the lungs of amphibians and reptiles worldwide. In the present study, Rhabdias macrocephalum n. sp. is described using integrated morphological methods (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular approaches (sequencing of the nuclear 28S and ITS regions, and mitochondrial cox1, cox2, and 12S genes) based on specimens collected from the green striped tree dragon Diploderma splendidum (Barbour & Dunn) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in China. The complete mitochondrial genome of R. macrocephalum n. sp. was sequenced and annotated: it is 14,819 bp in length, including 12 protein coding genes (missing atp8), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and three non-coding regions. The gene arrangement of R. macrocephalum n. sp. is different from all of the currently available mitogenomes of nematodes and represents a novel type of mitochondrial gene arrangement reported in Nematoda. Molecular phylogenetic results based on the ITS + 28S data support the monophyly of Entomelas, Pneumonema, Serpentirhabdias, and Rhabdias, and showed R. macrocephalum n. sp. forming a most basal lineage in Rhabdias.
Pneumonie durch Mycoplasma hominis bei einem Reifgeborenen – Ein
Fallbericht mit Literaturübersicht
Authors: Müller-Graff Inga , Paul Pia , Forster Johannes , Wirbelauer Johannes 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMykoplasmen sind zellwandlose Bakterien, die unterschiedliche menschliche Gewebe
besiedeln können – allerdings auch Infektionen hervorrufen können. Die fehlende
Zellwand führt zum einen zu einer erschwerten Kultivierung und zum anderen zu
Besonderheiten in der Behandlung, da sie resistent gegenüber
Beta-Laktam-Antibiotika sind. Mycoplasma hominis und Ureaplasma urealyticum,
zusammengefasst als genitale Mykoplasmen, können den Genitaltrakt
kolonialisieren. Während eine Besiedlung bei einem gesunden Erwachsenen meist
asymptomatisch ist, können sie in der Schwangerschaft durch Übertragung auf den
Feten oder während der Geburt neonatale Infektionen hervorrufen und insbesondere
bei Frühgeborenen zu erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität beitragen. Bei reifen
Neugeborenen ist bei hoher Kolonisationsrate die pathogene Rolle von Mykoplasmen
und ihre Behandlung jedoch umstritten. Im Folgenden präsentieren wir ein reifes
Neugeborenes mit einer durch M. hominis hervorgerufenen neonatalen Pneumonie,
welche erfolgreich mit Clindamycin behandelt wurde. Genitale Mykoplasmen können
in Einzelfällen symptomatische Infektionen bei Neugeborenen hervorrufen und
sollten insbesondere bei einem protrahierten, Beta-Laktam refraktärem Verlauf
als potentielle Erreger in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Development and Validation of a Mobile Phone Application for Measuring Knee Range of Motion
Authors: Gong Matthew F. , Finger Logan E. , Letter Christina , Amirian Soheyla , Parmanto Bambang , O'Malley Michael , Klatt Brian A. , Tafti Ahmad P. , Plate Johannes F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnee range of motion (ROM) is an important indicator of knee function. Outside the clinical setting, patients may not be able to accurately assess knee ROM, which may impair recovery following trauma or surgery. This study aims to validate a smartphone mobile application developed to measure knee ROM compared to visual and goniometer ROM measurements. A knee ROM Android mobile application was developed to measure knee ROM. Patients ≥ 18 years old presenting to an orthopaedic clinic with native knee complaints were approached to participate. Knee ROM was measured bilaterally by an arthroplasty-trained surgeon using (1) vision, (2) goniometer, and (3) the mobile application. Measurements were compared in flexion and extension using a one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey test (alpha = 0.05). Eighty-four knee ROM measurements (40 left, 44 right) were obtained in 47 patients. Median Kellgren–Lawrence grade from available radiographs was grade 3. In flexion, mobile application (117.6 ± 14.7 degrees) measurements were not significantly different from visual (116.1 ± 13.6 degrees) or goniometer (116.2 ± 13.6 degrees) measurements. In extension, mobile application (4.8 ± 7.3 degrees) measurements were significantly different from visual (1.9 ± 4.1 degrees) measurements on post hoc analysis (p < 0.01), while no differences were present compared to goniometer (3.1 ± 5.8 degrees) measurements. Our study found that a mobile application for evaluating knee ROM was noninferior to goniometer-based measurements performed by an arthroplasty-trained surgeon. Future studies will investigate this application's utility in (1) remote patient care, (2) accelerating recovery during rehabilitation, (3) detecting early postoperative complications including arthrofibrosis, and (4) adding additional functionalities to the application to provide more detail-oriented descriptive analyses of patient knee function.
A De novo Mutation in the COL1A1 Gene Leading to Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lu Yurong , Tian Yijia , Liu Jinxiu , Wang Yifan , Wang Xietong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common monogenic inherited skeletal dysplasia disorder. Mutations in the COL1A1/COL1A2 gene cause ∼85 to 90% of OI. Studies of cases have demonstrated that missense mutations are the primary cause of OI, with poor prognosis.
Case Description We report the case of a fetus with skeletal abnormalities and subcutaneous edema. Ultrasound imaging revealed suspected skeletal malformations, including hypoplastic long bones of all four limbs, poorly ossified calvarium, unrevealing nasal bones, and generalized subcutaneous edema. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous mutation in COL1A1 (c.2174G > T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3). According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, it was determined to be a pathogenic variant and identified as a de novo variant (PS2 + PP3_strong + PM2_supporting), which has not been reported in the HGMD, gnomAD, ClinVar, or other databases. This variation causes a glycine-to-valine substitution at position 725, located within the Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat in the helical domain of the collagen molecule.
Conclusion The COL1A1 mutation (c.2174G > T/p.(G725V), NM_000088.3) is a novel pathogenic variant of severe OI. Our study expanded the OI COL1A1 gene variation profiles in the Chinese population and provided a theoretical foundation for prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, and obstetric management.
Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes in Nulliparous Individuals according to Prepregnancy Body Mass Index
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Atwani Rula , Saade George 
Published: August 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the effect of incremental changes in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) on the association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of U.S. vital statistics Live Birth and Infant Death linked data from 2011 to 2020. We limited analyses to nulliparas with singleton pregnancies who delivered at 20 weeks or greater. Outcomes were compared according to the prepregnancy BMI category using 5 kg/m2 increments, with each of the other BMI categories sequentially as the referent. The composite neonatal outcome was defined as any neonatal death, neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), surfactant use, ventilation use, or seizure. Severe maternal morbidity was defined as any maternal ICU, transfusion, uterine rupture, and hysterectomy. Adjusted relative risks were calculated for each BMI category as a referent group, using modified Poisson regression and adjusting for confounders.
Results A total of 11,174,890 nulliparous individuals were included. From 2011 to 2020, the proportions of individuals with BMI 40 or greater, BMI 50 or greater, and BMI 60 or greater increased significantly (from 3.1 to 4.9%, from 0.4 to 0.6%, from 0.03 to 0.06%, respectively; all trend p-values < 0.001). As BMI deviated from normal BMI, risks of neonatal and maternal adverse outcomes increased progressively. For example, as BMI deviated from normal BMI (18.5–24.9), the risk of composite neonatal outcome increased by 2% in individuals with BMI < 18.5 and up to 2.11-fold in individuals with BMI, 65–69.9. When compared with BMI 40 to 44.9, BMI 35 to 39.9 was associated with an 8% decreased risk of composite neonatal outcome, whereas BMI 45 to 49.9 was associated with an 8% increased risk of composite neonatal outcome.
Conclusion Incremental increases in prepregnancy BMI are linked to higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for effective weight management before conception.
Key Points
Wada Demonstrates Ipsilateral Language Function in Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome
Authors: Shah Rutul , Gopinath Siby , Gohel Abhishek , Narayanan Sreelakshmi , Pillai Ashok , Kannan Ramiah Rajesh , Almashaikhi Talal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is usually described secondary to prenatal or perinatal insult and is characterized by seizures, cerebral hemiatrophy, hemiparesis/facial asymmetry, and learning disability. We report an adolescent-onset case who presented with drug-refractory seizures and was considered for hemispherotomy on the dominant side. This is the first case report of DDMS where Wada helped in lateralizing the language to the ipsilateral dominant hemisphere despite the atrophy of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Thus, Wada is recommended in all patients without language regression who are considered for dominant hemispherotomy.