bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing hyperspectral classification: spectral similarity-based band selection with chord k-means
Authors: Chander Goud Origanti Subhash , Sarma Thogarachetti Hitendra , Bindu Chigarapalle Shobha 
Published: August 2024

<span lang="EN-US">Band selection is crucial for achieving high classification accuracy in hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis, especially when ground truth data are limited. While unsupervised algorithms are preferred in such scenarios, the effectiveness of k-means clustering depends heavily on the choice of similarity measure. This article presents a novel two-level clustering approach for band selection. In the first level, bands are clustered using k-means with various similarity measures such as Euclidean distance, spectral angle mapper (SAM), and spectral information divergence (SID). Subsequently, the second level leverages the chord metric k-means clustering to form clusters of HSI scenes upon optimal band clusters from the first level. This initial band selection reduces dimensionality and guides subsequent k-means clustering. The proposed chord-based clustering method, utilizing the chord metric, outperforms standard k-means variants, demonstrating significant improvements in accuracy. Experimental results on publicly available hyperspectral datasets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach as an alternative to traditional k-means algorithms, showcasing significant improvements in accuracy.</span>
The Enterprise Value and The Financial Leverage of Manufacturing Industries in the Municipality of Bulan Sorsogon
Authors: Bongalonta Michael B. , Bongalonta Michelle M. 
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted to determine and assess the financial leverage and the enterprise value of manufacturing industries in the Municipality of Bulan Sorsogon, Philippines and to establish the relationship of these two variables. This also determines the factors that influence the financial leverage decisions of the business owners. This study used mixed design. A total of 92 registered manufacturing business owners operating in the said Municipality were the primary respondents of the study. Vertical analyses and linear regression analyses were utilized.
This study concludes that the manufacturing business enterprises in the Municipality of Bulan Sorsogon have significant amount of debt relative to its equity as manifested by its financial leverage. The respondents were likewise found to have a low enterprise value, with exception to company’s book value, which suggests a lower market perception of the company's worth, potentially reflecting weaker financial performance or growth prospects. Lack of personal capital, financial risk tolerance and cost of debt, cash flow stability, growth opportunities and regulatory and legal considerations were the identified factors that influence the financial leverage of the manufacturing business owners. From the results, the researcher highly recommends that manufacturing business owners may consider optimizing their capital structure to ensure an appropriate balance between debt and equity.
FABP4 Enhances Lipidic and Fibrotic Cardiac Structural and Ca
2+
Dynamic Changes
Authors: Couselo-Seijas Marinela , Vázquez-Abuín Xocas , Gómez-Lázaro María , Pereira Laetitia , Gómez Ana M. , Caballero Ricardo , Delpón Eva , Bravo Susana , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Eiras Sonia 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Adipocyte FABP4 (fatty acid-binding protein 4) is augmented in the epicardial stroma of patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Because this molecule is released mainly by adipocytes, our objective was to study its role in atrial cardiomyopathy, focusing our attention on fibrosis, metabolism, and electrophysiological changes. These results might clarify the role of adiposity as a mediator of atrial cardiomyopathy.

METHODS:
We used several preclinical cellular models, epicardial and subcutaneous stroma primary cell cultures from patients undergoing open heart surgery, human atrial fibroblasts, atrial cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and isolated from adult mice, and Nav1.5 transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fibrosis, glucose, mitochondrial and adipogenesis activity, gene expression, and proteomics were determined by wound healing, enzymatic, colorimetric, fluorescence assays, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and TripleTOF proteomics. Molecular changes were analyzed by Raman confocal microspectroscopy, calcium dynamics by confocal microscopy, and ion currents by patch clamp. Epicardial, subcutaneous, and atrial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes were incubated with FABP4 at 100 ng/mL.

RESULTS:

Our results showed that FABP4 induced fibrosis, glucose metabolism, and lipid accumulation on epicardial and subcutaneous stroma cells and atrial fibroblasts. Besides, it modified lipid content and calcium dynamics in atrial cardiomyocytes without effects on I
Na
.

CONCLUSIONS:
FABP4 exerts fibrotic and metabolic changes on epicardial stroma and modifies lipid content and calcium dynamic on atrial cardiomyocytes. These results suggest its possible role as an atrial cardiomyopathy mediator.
c-Src Is Responsible for Mitochondria-Mediated Arrhythmic Risk in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xie An , Kang Gyeoung-Jin , Kim Eun Ji , Liu Hong , Feng Feng , Dudley Samuel C. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Increased mitochondrial Ca
2+
uptake has been implicated in the QT prolongation and lethal arrhythmias associated with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We attempted to define the role of mitochondria in ischemic arrhythmic risk and to identify upstream regulators.

METHODS:
Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in wild-type FVB/NJ mice by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, ECG telemetry, and patch-clamp techniques were used.

RESULTS:

After MI, c-Src (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src) and its active form (phosphorylated Src, p-Src) were increased. The activation of c-Src was associated with increased diastolic Ca
2+
sparks, action potential duration prolongation, and arrhythmia in MI mice. c-Src upregulation and arrhythmia could be reversed by treatment of mice with the Src inhibitor PP1 but not with the inactive analogue PP3. Tyrosine phosphorylated mitochondrial Ca
2+
uniporter (MCU) was upregulated in the heart tissues of MI mice and patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. In a heterologous expression system, c-Src could bind MCU and phosphorylate MCU tyrosines. Overexpression of wild-type c-Src significantly increased the mitochondrial Ca
2+
transient while overexpression of dominant-negative c-Src significantly decreased the mitochondrial Ca
2+
transient. c-Src inhibition by PP1, MCU inhibition by Ru360, or MCU knockdown could reduce the action potential duration, Ca
2+
sparks, and arrhythmia after MI. The human heart tissue showed that patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy had significantly increased c-Src active form associated with increased MCU tyrosine phosphorylation and ventricular arrhythmia.

CONCLUSIONS:

MI leads to increased c-Src active form that results in MCU tyrosine phosphorylation, increased mitochondrial Ca
2+
uptake, QT prolongation, and arrhythmia, suggesting c-Src or MCU may represent novel antiarrhythmic targets.
Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Alone and in Combination With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Neuen Brendon L. , Fletcher Robert A. , Heath Lauren , Perkovic Adam , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Badve Sunil V. , Tuttle Katherine R. , Pratley Richard , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Perkovic Vlado , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors both improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on clinical outcomes with and without SGLT2 inhibitors.

METHODS:
We searched MEDLINE and Embase databases from inception until July 12, 2024, for randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outcome trials of GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes that reported treatment effects by baseline use of SGLT2 inhibitors, with findings supplemented by unpublished data. We estimated treatment effects by baseline SGLT2 inhibitor use using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. The main cardiovascular outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) and hospitalization for heart failure. Kidney outcomes included a composite of ≥50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate, kidney failure or death caused by kidney failure, and annualized rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (estimated glomerular filtration rate slope). Serious adverse events and severe hypoglycemia were also evaluated. This meta-analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42024565765).

RESULTS:

We identified 3 trials with 1743 of 17 072 (10.2%) participants with type 2 diabetes receiving an SGLT2 inhibitor at baseline. GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 21% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71–0.87]), with consistent effects in those receiving and not receiving SGLT2 inhibitors at baseline (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.54–1.09] and HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71–0.87], respectively;
P
-heterogeneity=0.78). The effect on hospitalization for heart failure was similarly consistent regardless of SGLT2 inhibitor use (HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.36–0.93] and HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.63–0.85];
P
-heterogeneity=0.26). Effects on the composite kidney outcome (risk ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.66–0.95]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate slope (0.78 mL/min/1.73 m
2
/y [95% CI, 0.57–0.98]) also did not vary according to SGLT2 inhibitor use (
P
-heterogeneity=0.53 and 0.94, respectively). Serious adverse effects and severe hypoglycemia were also similar regardless of SGLT2 inhibitor use (
P
-heterogeneity=0.29 and 0.50, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
In people with type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular and kidney benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists are consistent regardless of SGLT2 inhibitor use.
Regional deep atrophy: Using temporal information to automatically identify regions associated with Alzheimer’s disease progression from longitudinal MRI
Authors: Dong Mengjin , Xie Long , Das Sandhitsu R. , Wang Jiancong , Wisse Laura E.M. , deFlores Robin , Wolk David A. , Yushkevich Paul A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Longitudinal assessment of brain atrophy, particularly in the hippocampus, is a well-studied biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Estimating brain progression patterns can be applied to understanding the therapeutic effects of amyloid-clearing drugs in research and detecting the earliest sign of accelerated atrophy in clinical settings. However, most state-of-the-art measurements calculate changes directly by segmentation and/or deformable registration of MRI images, and may misreport head motion or MRI artifacts as neurodegeneration, impacting their accuracy. In our previous study, we developed a deep learning method DeepAtrophy that uses a convolutional neural network to quantify differences between longitudinal MRI scan pairs that are associated with time. DeepAtrophy has high accuracy in inferring temporal information from longitudinal MRI scans, such as temporal order or relative interscan interval. DeepAtrophy also provides an overall atrophy score that was shown to perform well as a potential biomarker of disease progression and treatment efficacy. However, DeepAtrophy is not interpretable, and it is unclear what changes in the MRI contribute to progression measurements. In this paper, we propose Regional Deep Atrophy (RDA), which combines the temporal inference approach from DeepAtrophy with a deformable registration neural network and attention mechanism that highlights regions in the MRI image where longitudinal changes are contributing to temporal inference. RDA has similar prediction accuracy as DeepAtrophy, but its additional interpretability makes it more acceptable for use in clinical settings, and may lead to more sensitive biomarkers for disease monitoring and progression understanding in preclinical AD.
Individual Differences in Accent Imitation
Authors: Myers Emily B. , Olson Hannah E. , Scapetis-Tycer Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
All talkers show some flexibility in their speech, and the ability to imitate an unfamiliar accent is a skill that shows vast individual differences. Yet the source of these individual differences, in particular whether they originate from perceptual, motor, or social/personality factors, is not yet clear. In the current study, we ask how individual differences in these factors predict individual differences in deliberate accent imitation. Participants imitated three accents, and attempts were rated for accuracy. A set of measures tracking individual differences in perceptual, motor, cognitive, personality, and demographic factors were also acquired. Imitation ability was related to differences in musical perception, vocal articulation, and the personality characteristic of “openness to experience,” and was affected by attitudes towards the imitated talkers. Taken together, results suggest that deliberate accent imitation skill is modulated not only by core perceptual and motor skills, but also by personality and affinity to the talker, suggesting that some aspects of deliberate imitation are a function of domain-general constraints on perceptual-motor systems, while others may be modulated by social context.
Trade Gap and Public Debt Sustainability in Nigeria
Authors: Kamo Kpeyol , Andohol Jerome , Anjande Gbatsoron , Ijirshar Victor Ushahemba 
Published: August 2024

This study assessed the effect of the trade gap on public debt sustainability and the transmission from the trade gap to public debt sustainability through the revenue channel using annual data for Nigeria from 1970 to 2022. The novelty of this study lies in its investigation of factors affecting trade gap shocks and its departure from conventional debt sustainability metrics, offering a deeper understanding of the connection between trade gap and public debt sustainability. The study has been anchored on the theory of trade misinvoicing. The researchers applied the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) method, which has been estimated using the impulse response function tool. The findings established a negative effect of the trade gap on public debt sustainability. The results further show that the revenue variable is, on average, related to a larger (negative) effect of the trade gap. However, the effect of the trade gap on debt sustainability is shown to be communicated through budget deficits and not the revenue channel. The study recommends that policymakers should prioritise measures to counteract the negative impact of the trade gap on the economy. This may include boosting exports, decreasing import reliance and enhancing competitiveness in global markets. JEL Codes: F14, H62, H63
Radiographic assessment of incidental bone lesions of the proximal humerus: a prevalence study
Authors: Kara Mustafa , Bayram Serkan , Kocazeybek Emre , Demirtaş Gökhan 
Published: August 2024

Background An increased prevalence of benign lesions has been associated with the increased use of radiological tools in orthopedic practice. Purpose To investigate the inter-observer reliability of the radiographic detection of lesions on the proximal humerus between different observers. Material and Methods X-ray radiological examinations of 17,243 patients were performed by an orthopedic surgeon to assess the presence of proximal humeral bone lesions. After this initial screening, 201 patients with lesions were identified and these 201 scans were assessed by three different physicians: an orthopedic oncologist, an orthopedic surgeon, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Of the 201 patients with lesions, 80 had magnetic resonance imaging in addition to X-rays and were assessed. The diagnosis of the lesions was determined by each participant according to their radiological appearance to assess inter-observer reliability. Results The prevalence of proximal humeral lesions was determined by the orthopedic surgeon to be 1.165% (201 of 17,243 patients). In 201 patients with a lesion, the mean age was 48 ± 17 years (range = 18–91 years). According to the assessments of the orthopedic oncologist, orthopedic surgeon, and musculoskeletal radiologist, the most common bone lesion identified was enostosis, with prevalence percentages of 53.7%, 59.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. A noteworthy consensus exists in the collective diagnosis of bone lesions among the three investigators, demonstrated by a substantial agreement with Fleiss’ κ at 0.74 ( P < 0.001). Conclusion There was remarkable agreement between the three investigators on the collective diagnosis of bone lesions. Enostosis was the most common bone lesion at the proximal humerus in our series.
Glucocorticoid signaling mediates stress-induced migraine-like behaviors in a preclinical mouse model
Authors: Hu Ya-Yu , Souza Rimenez , Muthuraman Athithyaa , Knapp Leela , McIntyre Christa , Dussor Gregory 
Published: August 2024

Background Stress is one of the most common precipitating factors in migraine and is identified as a trigger in nearly 70% of patients. Responses to stress include release of glucocorticoids as an adaptive mechanism, but this may also contribute to migraine attacks. Here, we investigated the role of glucocorticoids on stress-induced migraine-like behaviors. Methods We have shown previously that repeated stress in mice evokes migraine-like behavioral responses and priming to a nitric oxide donor. Metyrapone, mifepristone, and corticosterone (CORT) were used to investigate whether CORT contributes to the stress-induced effects. Facial mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated by von Frey testing and grimace scoring assessed the presence of non-evoked pain. We also measured serum CORT levels in control, stress, and daily CORT injected groups of both male and female mice. Results Metyrapone blocked stress-induced responses and priming in male and female mice. However, repeated CORT injections in the absence of stress only led to migraine-like behaviors in females. Both female and male mice showed similar patterns of serum CORT in response to stress or exogenous administration. Finally, administration of mifepristone, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, prior to each stress session blocked stress-induced behavioral responses in male and female mice. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that while CORT synthesis and receptor activation is necessary for the behavioral responses triggered by repeated stress, it is only sufficient in females. Better understanding of how glucocorticoids contribute to migraine may lead to new therapeutic opportunities.
Ten-Year Outcomes in Patients Aged 40 Years and Older After Primary Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement With Labral Repair
Authors: Domb Benjamin G. , Owens Jade S. , Lall Ajay C. , Harris W. Taylor , Kuhns Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Arthroscopic labral repair has been shown to result in favorable short- and midterm outcomes; however, the durability of outcomes specifically in older patients remains underreported. Purpose: To (1) report prospectively collected hip preservation rates and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at a minimum 10-year follow-up in patients aged ≥40 years after primary hip arthroscopy with labral repair and (2) perform a matched analysis comparing patients aged ≥40 years with patients aged <40 years. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed on all patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and December 2011. Patients aged ≥40 years who underwent labral repair were included. Preoperative and minimum 10-year follow-up scores were collected for multiple PROMs. Propensity score matching was utilized to compare these patients with a cohort of patients <40 years. Results: Of the 113 hips eligible, 91 hips (80.5%) on 85 patients (6 bilateral) had a minimum 10-year follow-up. There were 58 women (68%) and 27 men (32%) with a mean age and body mass index of 47.8 years and 25.8, respectively. The hip preservation rate for patients aged ≥40 years was 78%, with 20 patients requiring arthroplasty during the study period. There was significant improvement in all PROMs from baseline to minimum 10-year follow-up with high rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State clinical outcome thresholds. In total, 69 patients aged ≥40 years were propensity matched to 107 patients <40 years. Patients ≥40 tended to have a lower hip preservation rate (81.2% vs 91.6%; P = .06), while patients in the younger cohort had significantly higher rates of secondary hip arthroscopy (14% vs 3%; P = .02). Improvement in PROMs was comparable between the groups. Conclusion: Patients ≥40 years who underwent primary hip arthroscopy with labral repair demonstrated a hip preservation rate of 78%, significant and durable improvement in PROMs, and high rates of satisfaction at a minimum 10-year follow-up. Matched analysis with patients <40 years revealed comparable improvement in patient-reported outcomes between the 2 groups, with a tendency to a higher level of arthroplasty in patients ≥40 years.
Prescription for Digital Evolution: Transformative Recommendations for Pharmacy Practice in the Digital Age
Authors: Ogundipe Ayomide , Sim Tin Fei , Emmerton Lynne 
Published: August 2024

Increased administrative tasks, evolving expectations of care and advancement in practice scope have rapidly advanced digital health. Health policy has acknowledged the need for evaluation to determine the technological needs of clinicians, including pharmacists, to practice to full and top of scope. There is an emergent need for recommendations to address the technological transformation to enable community pharmacists’ practice. This study aimed to develop digital health recommendations, through expert consensus, for the government, pharmacy professional associations, pharmacy enterprises and software vendors, to facilitate community pharmacists’ practice. A modified Delphi survey was conducted online in February-March 2024. Pharmacists with digital health expertise were purposively recruited. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with the initial 24 research-derived statements in round 1. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥80% of participants strongly agreeing or agreeing with a statement and a standard deviation of ≤1.00. Review of participants’ free-text comments progressively reduced and refined the statements. All 22 participants completed the modified Delphi study in 3 survey rounds. Participants represented every Australian jurisdiction. Eighteen participants had more than 10 years of professional experience. Sixteen recommendations emerged: 6 for government, 2 for pharmacy professional associations, 4 for pharmacy enterprises and 4 for software vendors. The majority of recommendations require financial investment and harmonization of legislation across jurisdictions. Adoption of these recommendations, with significant investment across partners in the healthcare system and technology providers, will enable pharmacists to more effectively and safely practice utilizing technology solutions.