bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dedicated automated injection system for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI experiments in mice
Authors: Sedlacik Jan , Myers Adrianne , Loeffler Ralf B. , Williams Regan F. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To develop a reproducible small‐animal dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI set‐up for mice through which volumes <100 μL can be accurately and safely injected and to test this set‐up by means of DCE measurements in resting muscle and tumor tissue.Materials and Methods:The contrast agent (CA) injection system comprised 2 MR‐compatible syringe pumps placed 50 cm from the 7T magnet bore where the fringe field is approximately 40 mT. Microbore tubing and T‐connector, close to the injection site, minimized dead volume (<10 μL). For DCE‐MRI measurements in 8 CB‐17 SCID mice with 1500–2500 mm3 large orthotopic neuroblastoma, a bolus of 10‐fold‐diluted Gd‐DTPA CA solution (0.1 mmol/kg) was delivered (5 μL/s), followed by a 50‐μL saline flush. Retro‐orbital injections were given instead of tail vein injections, because the peripheral vasculature was reduced because of large tumor burden.Results:The CA injection was successful in 19 of 24 experiments. Optical assessment showed minimal dispersion of ink‐colored CA bolus. Mean (±SD) pharmacokinetic parameters retrieved from DCE‐MRI examinations in resting muscle (Ktrans = 0.038 ± 0.025 min−1, kep = 0.66 ± 0.48 min−1, ve = 0.060 ± 0.014, vp = 0.033 ± 0.021) and tumor (Ktrans = 0.082 ± 0.071 min−1, kep = 0.82 ± 0.80 min−1, ve = 0.121 ± 0.075, vp = 0.093 ± 0.051) agreed with those reported previously.Conclusion:We successfully designed and implemented a DCE‐MRI set‐up system with short injection lines and low dead volume. The system can be used at any field strength with the syringe pumps placed at a sufficiently low fringe field (<40 mT). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:746–751. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence‐based sample size estimation based upon an updated meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Rotondi Michael A. , Donner Allan , Koval John J. 
Published: September 2012

A traditional meta‐analysis examines the overall effectiveness of an intervention by producing a pooled estimate of treatment efficacy. In contrast to this, a meta‐regression model seeks to determine whether a study‐level covariate (X) is a plausible source of heterogeneity in a set of treatment effects.Upon performing such an analysis, the results may suggest the presence of a meaningful amount of variation in the treatment effects because of the covariate; however, the current set of trials may not provide sufficient statistical power for such a conclusion.The proposed approach provides quantitative insight into the amount of support that a new trial may provide to the hypothesis that X is a meaningful source of variation in an updated meta‐regression model, which includes both the previously completed and the proposed trial. This empirical algorithm allows examination of the potential feasibility of a planned study of various sizes to further support or refute the hypothesis that X is a statistically significant source of variation.A detailed example illustrates the sample size estimation algorithm for both a planned individually or cluster randomized trial to investigate the now commonly accepted impact of geographical latitude on the observed effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of technologies for sensing contact location on the surface of a display
Authors: Walker Geoff 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTouchscreen interactive devices have become increasingly important in both consumer and commercial applications. This paper provides a broad overview of all touchscreen technologies in use today, organized into 13 categories with 38 variations. The 13 categories are projected capacitive, analog resistive, surface capacitive, surface acoustic wave, infrared, camera‐based optical, liquid crystal display in‐cell, bending wave, force sensing, planar scatter detection, vision‐based, electromagnetic resonance, and combinations of technologies. The information provided on each touchscreen technology includes a little history, some basic theory of operation, the most common applications, the key advantages and disadvantages, a few current issues or trends, and the author's opinion of the future outlook for the technology. Because of its dominance, this paper begins with projected capacitive; more information is provided on this technology than on any of the other touch technologies that are discussed. This paper covers only technologies that operate by contact with a display screen; this excludes technologies such as 3D gesture recognition, touch on opaque devices such as interactive whiteboards, and proximity sensing. This is not a highly technical paper; it sacrifices depth of information on any one technology for breadth of information on multiple technologies.
In vitro cell compatibility study of rose bengal–chitosan adhesives
Authors: Barton Mathew , Piller Sabine C. , Mahns David A. , Morley John W. , Mawad Damia , Longo Leonardo , Lauto Antonio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPhotochemical tissue bonding (PTB) using rose bengal (RB) in conjunction with light is an alternative technique to repair tissue without suturing. It was recently demonstrated that laser‐irradiated chitosan films, incorporating RB, bonded firmly to calf intestine in vitro. It is thus required to investigate the possible cytotoxic effects of the RB–chitosan adhesive on cells before testing its application to in vivo models.Materials and MethodsAdhesive films, based on chitosan and containing ∼0.1 wt% RB were fabricated. Their cytotoxicity was assessed by growing human and murine fibroblasts either in media in which adhesive strips had been incubated, or directly on the adhesive. The adhesive was either laser‐irradiated or not. Cells were stained after 48 hours with Trypan blue and the number of live and dead cells was recorded for cell viability.ResultsMurine and human fibroblasts grew confluent on the adhesives with no apparent morphological changes or any exclusion zone. Cell numbers of murine fibroblasts were not significantly different when cultured in media that was extracted from irradiated (86 ± 7%) and non‐irradiated adhesive (89 ± 4%). A similar result was obtained for the human fibroblasts.ConclusionsThese findings support that the RB–chitosan films induced negligible toxicity and growth retardation in murine and human fibroblasts. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 762–768, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anion Responsive Imidazolium‐Based Polymers
Authors: Texter John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractStimuli responsiveness in polymer design is providing basis for diversely new and advanced materials that exhibit switchable porosity in membranes and coatings, switchable particle formation and thermodynamically stable nanoparticle dispersions, polymers that provide directed mechanical stress in response to intensive fields, and switchable compatibility of nanomaterials in changing environments. The incorporation of ionic liquid monomers has resulted in many new polymers based on the imidazolium group. These polymers exhibit all of the above‐articulated material properties. Some insight into how these anion responsive polymers function has become empirically available. Much opportunity remains for extending our understanding as well as for designing more refined stimuli‐responsive materials.
Involvement of annexin A8 in the properties of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hata Harumi , Tatemichi Masayuki , Nakadate Toshio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough Annexin A8 (ANXA8), a member of a superfamily of calcium and phospholipid binding proteins, is physiologically expressed in a tissue‐specific manner, recent microarray studies reported that ANXA8 was also ectopically expressed in pancreatic cancers. We investigated the molecular mechanism of expression of ANXA8 in cancer cells and its functional role in pancreatic cancer cells. ANXA8 was diversely expressed in human cancer cell lines. Expression was enhanced by treatment with 5‐aza‐dC and butyrate, and correlated with methylation status at CpG in the promoter‐exon 1 region. Inhibition of ANXA8 using siRNA in BxPC‐3 cells which express ANXA8 at a high level elevated caspase‐3 and ‐7 activities. In in vitro invasion assay, inhibition of ANXA8 using siRNA in BxPC‐3 reduced the numbers of migrating cells, and down‐regulated HIF‐1α mRNA transcription. Overexpression of ANXA8 increased the number of viable cells and BrdU incorporation in PANC‐1 cells, which express ANXA8 at a low level. Expression of ANXA8 was induced under conditions of nutrient deprivation, and overexpression of ANXA8 showed resistance against serum starvation in PANC‐1 cells. In a promoter assay, co‐transfection with the expression vector of ANXA8 and the vector of a reporter gene containing the promoter of HIF‐1α enhanced HIF‐1α promoter activity. In contrast, this effect of ANXA8 was inhibited by administration of BAPTA‐AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. These results suggest that ectopic ANXA8 expression in cancer cells might involve an epigenetic mechanism. ANXA8 might play an important role in calcium fluctuation‐mediated HIF‐1α transcriptional activation and cell viability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reliability of ambulatory urodynamics in patients with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Vírseda Miguel , Salinas Jesús , Esteban Manuel , Méndez Santiago 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the test–retest repeatability of the urodynamic parameters commonly utilized in ambulatory urodynamics (AM) for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD).MethodsA test–retest repeatability study was performed on 64 consecutive patients with stable spinal cord injuries who underwent two AM studies 24 hr apart.ResultsThe mean age was 43.2 years, with 47 males and 17 females. A significant intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found between the two studies with respect to the functional bladder capacity (FBC; 0.74), the maximum detrusor pressure during the involuntary detrusor contraction (PdetmaxIDC; 0.84), and the post‐void residual (PVR; 0.76). Of note, the ICC of the end filling detrusor pressure (Pdetfill) was not significant (0.25). The correlation with respect to the presence of involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC) was significant but low (κ = 0.40). Based on the logistic regression analysis, the variables that influenced the concordance with respect to the presence of the IDC were PdetmaxIDC (directly) and Pdetmax (inversely). The variable that that influenced the concordance with respect to PdetmaxIDC was PVR (directly). The variable that influenced the concordance with respect to PVR was the FBC (directly).ConclusionsAM is reliable for the reproduction of the main urodynamic parameters investigated in patients with NLUTD, except for the end filling detrusor pressure, which was a non‐reliable parameter. The concordance of AM can be improved primarily by taking into account the values of the maximum detrusor pressure during involuntary detrusor contraction (PdetmaxIDC). Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 387–392, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of midurethral and other mesh slings – a critical analysis
Authors: Petros Peter , Papadimitriou John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe analyzed our original experimental studies on which the midurethral sling was based with reference to FDA mesh warnings.We concluded that

Vascular/organ damage could be avoided by first penetrating the urogenital diaphragm.
A non‐stretch tape minimizes obstruction and urethral damage.
A non‐obstructive musculoelastic mechanism closes the urethra.
The strength of neocollagen (>92.8 lbs/sq inch) indicates that little mesh is required for prolapse repair.
Foreign body (mesh) reaction is different from infection and is related to volume implanted
Urgency is potentially curable by repairing the suspensory ligaments
“Minislings” are promising for incontinence and POP, but more development is required.
Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 399–406, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Finding unrecognized information in overactive bladder clinical trial data: A new approach to understanding placebo and treatment effects
Authors: Zinner Norman R. , Ammann Larry P. , Haas Gabriel P. , Janning Stephen W. , He Weizhong , Bukofzer Stan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsTo identify combinations of variables among overactive bladder (OAB) clinical trial subjects that allow prediction of those who are more—or less—likely to respond strongly to placebo, or to medication.MethodsData from two Phase IIIb clinical trials of solifenacin in OAB were combined. Predictive models for placebo and treatment responses were constructed using baseline variables including individual items from the OAB questionnaire. These models were reduced to an essential subset of predictor variables. Two outcome measures are reported: urgency and incontinence.ResultsIn placebo subjects, 14 selected variables permitted distinction between those who responded with significant reductions in urgency and those who did not. A subset of nine variables in treated subjects permitted distinction between those more—or less—likely to respond to medication. Data for urgency were combined from both placebo and actively treated subjects to identify those who had one of the previously identified clusters of variables. It was possible to predict, among all subjects, who would be likely to experience a strong placebo or active treatment response and who would not. This process was also applied to incontinence data.ConclusionsWe have developed a new process to help understand placebo and treatment responses and their relationships to baseline conditions. The effectiveness of these methods was indicated using data from two solifenacin clinical trials and would benefit from future validation using other data sets. Methods used here are suitable for predicting the placebo effect in other clinical trials. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 308–313, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The myofibroblast matrix: implications for tissue repair and fibrosis
Authors: Klingberg Franco , Hinz Boris , White Eric S 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMyofibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in which they reside, are critical components of wound healing and fibrosis. TheECM, traditionally viewed as the structural elements within which cells reside, is actually a functional tissue whose components possess not only scaffolding characteristics, but also growth factor, mitogenic, and other bioactive properties. Although it has been suggested that tissue fibrosis simply reflects an ‘exuberant’ wound‐healing response, examination of theECMand the roles of myofibroblasts during fibrogenesis instead suggest that the organism may be attempting to recapitulate developmental programmes designed to regenerate functional tissue. Evidence of this is provided by the temporospatial re‐emergence of embryonicECMproteins by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that induce cellular programmatic responses intended to produce a functional tissue. In the setting of wound healing (or physiological fibrosis), this occurs in a highly regulated and exquisitely choreographed fashion which results in cessation of haemorrhage, restoration of barrier integrity, and re‐establishment of tissue function. However, pathological tissue fibrosis, which oftentimes causes organ dysfunction and significant morbidity or mortality, likely results from dysregulation of normal wound‐healing processes or abnormalities of the process itself. This review will focus on the myofibroblastECMand its role in both physiological and pathological fibrosis, and will discuss the potential for therapeutically targetingECMproteins for treatment of fibrotic disorders.
Early cisplatin induced ototoxicity profile may predict the need for hearing support in children with medulloblastoma
Authors: Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Purdy Eve , Huang Annie , Cushing Sharon L. , Papaioannou Vicky , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Bouffet Eric 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin (CDDP) ototoxicity is a significant side effect of the current treatment of medulloblastoma (MB). Cumulative dose of CDDP and age are recognized risk factors for hearing loss, but inter‐individual susceptibility limits our ability to identify patients at risk for hearing loss. We describe the kinetics of early audiometric changes during therapy and identify profiles associated with a higher risk of needing hearing aids.ProcedureSerial audiometric evaluations were performed during and after completion of therapy in children with average risk (AR) and high‐risk (HR) MB. Each audiogram was scored according to five grading systems. Variations of pure tone thresholds were analyzed at each frequency for each consecutive audiogram. CDDP dose modifications and hearing outcome were recorded.ResultsA total of 258 audiograms from 35 patients (22 AR, 13 HR) were analyzed. Eighteen AR patients (81.3%) required dose reduction and the median cumulative dose of CDDP administered was 412.5 mg/m2 (150–600), corresponding to 68% of the intended dose. Three HR patients (23.0%) required dose reduction. At a median follow‐up of 67 months (11–117), nine patients (25.7%) required hearing support: After two cycles of CDDP (150 mg/m2), the average hearing loss at 8,000 Hz was twice higher in the group that eventually required hearing support.ConclusionEarly alteration of high‐frequency thresholds may help identify individuals who will require hearing support. In the MB population, alternative strategies should be developed to limit the cumulative dose of CDDP to prevent significant ototoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:287–292. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of solvent‐ligated metal(II) complexes incorporating (fluoroalkoxy)aluminates as weakly coordinating anions in isobutylene polymerization
Authors: Yeong Hui Yee , Li Yang , Kühn Fritz E. , Voit Brigitte 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNitrile‐ligated copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes comprising (fluoroalkoxy)aluminates as weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) have been synthesized and applied for the polymerization of isobutylene at room temperature (30°C). The polymers obtained are in the low and moderate molecular weight range and show characteristics of the highly reactive polyisobutylene. Results indicate that the fluoroalkoxy aluminate WCAs have even a higher tolerance toward water in IB polymerization than the earlier tested perfluoroborate WCAs. Studies showed that water plays an important role in the polymerization process, which indicates a polymerization mechanism similar to a proton‐initiated carbocation polymerization. The role of the WCAs and their importance for the room‐temperature polymerization process was re‐examined, and the effect of the addition of proton and electron donors including proton traps (2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridine or DTBP) was studied in detail. The polymerization reaction seems to be dominated by transfer reactions that lead to the high content of exo double bonds while propagation proceeds via conventional cationic polymerization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Easy and effective method to produce functionalized particles for cellular uptake
Authors: Collette Floraine , Delatouche Régis , Blanquart Christophe , Gueugnon Fabien , Grégoire Marc , Bertrand Philippe , Héroguez Valérie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this contribution, a versatile approach for the synthesis of functionalized particles for drug delivery is presented, using two nonaggressive standardized procedures. The first procedure considered is the functionalization of an azido‐terminated α‐norbornenyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomer with an alkyne‐containing active molecule via the copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition, click type reaction. The functionalized macromonomer is then polymerized by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) in dispersion to form functionalized particles. The second procedure consists in synthesizing particles by ROMP in dispersed media of norbornene with azido‐terminated α‐norbornenyl PEO macromonomer. The ROMP was initiated by the first generation Grubbs catalyst. Such functionalized core‐shell particles have stealthy properties due to their PEO shell and can be viewed as universal nanocarriers on which any alkyne‐modified active molecule can be grafted by click chemistry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) esters with reactive functional groups suitable for orthogonal conjugation strategies
Authors: Pacini Aurora , Caricato Marco , Ferrari Stefania , Capsoni Doretta , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián , Pasini Dario 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report on a series of novel poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (PGGA) esters, in which the chemical structure and composition, and the molecular weight are systematically changed. Modification of PGGA of microbial origin, used either as the sodium salt or in the free acid form, by means of alkylation with highly reactive bromides under SN2 conditions, affords copolymers with an essentially random microstructure. These reaction conditions are applied iteratively to achieve full esterification, obtaining allyl or propargyl ester functionalities within the polymer backbone, diluted with inert functional groups, such as benzyl, ethyl, or hexyl ester functionalities. The copolymers have been characterized regarding their chemical structure and thermal and bulk properties using nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. We demonstrate that allyl and propargyl ester groups can be efficiently transformed using click chemistries, such as thiol‐ene or copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions; such efficient conjugation strategies will be required to transform the native bacterial biopolymer into a material with tailored properties for bulk scale or biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Thiol‐ene photopolymerization for efficient curing of vinyl esters
Authors: Mautner Andreas , Qin Xiaohua , Wutzel Harald , Ligon Samuel C. , Kapeller Barbara , Moser Doris , Russmueller Guenter , Stampfl Juergen , Liska Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMonomers for radical photopolymerization based on vinyl esters (VEs) have recently been identified as suitable alternatives to (meth)acrylates on account of their low irritancy and cytotoxicity. The drawback of most VEs with abstractable hydrogens is their relatively low reactivity compared with (meth)acrylates. Within this article, we proved by photo‐differential scanning calorimetry measurements and real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy that the thiol‐ene concept is able to improve the photoreactivity of these VEs to a large extent to a level between those of acrylates and methacrylates. Other VEs have now a reactivity of at least the level of similar acrylates. Mechanical properties as determined by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Charpy impact tests showed significant toughening of these materials. Furthermore, we were able to confirm low toxicity of all components by osteoblast cell culture experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013