bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation in failure of cracked aluminum plates repaired with bonded FML composite patch, under impact loading
Authors: Vanani Lotfali Mozafari , Kashani Hamed Moayeri , Anaraki Ali Pourkamali , Ghasemi Faramarz Ashenai 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper, Charpy impact tests were conducted on cracked aluminum plates repaired with FML composite patches. The effects of the crack characteristics and patch lay-up sequence on the energy absorption of the specimens were investigated experimentally. In order to reduce the test numbers, the design of experiments method was used, and the results were predicted by response surface method. The effect of repairing on the fracture parameters [stress intensity factor (SIF), J-integral, and crack propagation direction (CPD)] at the crack front was calculated using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. The results show that the value of the energy absorption increases when the crack angle increases and that the patch lay-up sequence has a significant role on the efficiency of the repair. When the location of the metal layer of the patch is near the repaired surface of the specimen, the value of the energy absorption increases.
Laparoscopos appendectomia 2013-ban – hogyan vált egy megtűrt műtét gold standard beavatkozássá?
Authors: Besznyák István , Svastics Imre , Egyed Tamás , Szentpétery Félix , Teknős Dániel , Nagy Péter , Mersich Tamás , Dede Kristóf , Bursics Attila 
Published: December 2013

AbsztraktBevezetés:A laparoscopos appendectomia egyike az elsőként kidolgozott minimálisan invazív sebészeti eljárásoknak, mégis a mai napig ellentmondásos a megítélése mind az előnyeit, mind az indikációit tekintve.Módszer:A szerzők áttekintik és elemzik a laparoscopos appendectomiával kapcsolatos irodalmat, valamint a 2005. január 1. és 2013. szeptember 30. között laparoscopos és nyílt technikával appendectomizált betegeik adatait.Eredmények:Az Uzsoki Kórház Sebészeti Osztályán 2005. január 1. és 2013. szeptember 30. között 1214 betegnél történt appendectomia appendicitis acuta miatt. 1065 (87,73%) betegnél laparoscoposan, 149 (12,27%) betegnél nyílt technikával végeztük a műtétet. 2006 januárja óta alapelvünk, hogy appendicitis esetén a laparoscopos appendectomia az elsőként választandó eljárás. Konverzióra a betegek 16,5%-ánál kényszerültünk, az osztály műtéti tapasztalatának növekedésével a konverziók aránya csökkenő tendenciát mutat.Következtetések:A laparoscopos appendectomia előnyei az elmúlt évtizedben egyértelművé váltak a nyílt műtéttel összehasonlítva, a beavatkozás minden korcsoportban ajánlható. Acut appendicitis gyanúja esetén osztályunkon elsőként választandó eljárás a laparoscopos műtét, amelynek eredményei legalább olyan jók, mint a nyílt appendectomiáéi. A laparoscopos appendectomia rutinszerű végzése kiváló alapot ad a haladó laparoscopos műtétek elsajátításához, az appendectomia nem veszíti el tanuló jellegét a laparoscopos megközelítés miatt.
Influence of the Utilization Time of Different Manual Toothbrushes on Oral Hygiene Assessed During a 6‐Month Observation Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Schmickler Jan , Wurbs Susanne , Wurbs Sabine , Lange Katharina , Rinke Sven , Hornecker Else , Mausberg Rainer F. , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: December 2013

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to investigate whether 6‐month continuous use of different manual toothbrushes (TBs) influences plaque removal and the degree of gingival inflammation compared to short utilization periods of 4 weeks each.Methods: In total, 96 participants were randomly allocated into two groups: continuous use during 6 months (non‐renewal group) or a change in TB every 4 weeks during 6 months (renewal group). Each group was subdivided into four subgroups (groups A to H; n = 12 each) according to the head size (normal or short) and bristle hardness (medium or soft) of the TB used. The modified Quigley–Hein plaque index (QHI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and 2, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after baseline. After 24 weeks, each participant received a new TB, and at week 26, the final QHI, PBI, and GI were determined. The statistical evaluation consisted of analysis of covariance (P <0.05).Results: With time, QHI, PBI, and GI were significantly different between the renewal and the non‐renewal groups (QHI: P = 0.02; PBI: P = 0.04; GI: P <0.01), independent of subgroup. In the renewal group, QHI showed a significant decrease between baseline and each follow‐up visit (P <0.01). In the non‐renewal group, there was a significant decrease compared to baseline up to and including week 16 (P <0.01). PBI in the renewal group showed no significant differences between baseline and each follow‐up visit (P >0.05). In the non‐renewal group, only the normal head/soft subgroup exhibited a significant increase at week 24 (P = 0.02). The GI in the renewal group showed no difference between baseline and all follow‐up visits, whereas in the non‐renewal group, there was a significant decrease up to and including week 12 (P <0.05).Conclusions: Six‐month continuous use reduced the effectiveness of the TB with respect to plaque removal, and gingival inflammation appeared to increase.
The Relation Between Health Insurance and Health Care Disparities Among Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Miller Nancy A. , Kirk Adele , Kaiser Michael J. , Glos Lukas 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined disparities among US adults with disabilities and the degree to which health insurance attenuates disparities by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods. We pooled data from the 2001–2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey on individuals with disabilities aged 18 to 64 years. We modeled measures of access and use as functions of predisposing, enabling, need, and contextual factors. We then included health insurance and examined the extent to which it reduced observed differences by race, ethnicity, and SES. Results. We found evidence of disparities in access and use among adults with disabilities. Adjusting for health insurance reduced these disparities most consistently for emergency department use. Uninsured individuals experienced substantially poorer access across most measures, including reporting a usual source of care and experiencing delays in or being unable to obtain care. Conclusions. Although health insurance is an important enabling resource among adults with disabilities, its effect on reducing differences by race, ethnicity, and SES on health care access and use was limited. Research exploring the effects of factors such as patient–provider interactions is warranted.
Cigarette Smoking and Mental Illness: A Study of Nicotine Withdrawal
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Homish Gregory G. , Giovino Gary A. , Kozlowski Lynn T. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We compared prevalence, severity, and specific symptom profiles for nicotine withdrawal across categories of mental illness. We also examined the influence of nicotine withdrawal on efforts to quit smoking among those with mental illness. Methods. We analyzed data from 2 sources: wave 1 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, limiting the sample to current smokers (2001–2002; n = 9913); and a 2-wave cohort telephone survey of a national sample of adult smokers (2004–2006; n = 751). Results. Mental illness was associated with a substantially greater likelihood of nicotine withdrawal syndrome; approximately 44% of nicotine withdrawal syndrome diagnoses were attributable to mental illness. Symptom profiles were highly comparable between mental illness categories, although anxiety-related symptoms were better markers of withdrawal for those with an internalizing disorder. Smokers with mental illness were motivated to quit but were less likely to be successful in their quit attempts, and both dependence and withdrawal independently accounted for this lower likelihood of success. Conclusions. Nicotine withdrawal may be a particularly important target for intervention among those with mental illness who smoke cigarettes.
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Cancer-Related Risk Behaviors of Tobacco, Alcohol, Sexual Behaviors, and Diet and Physical Activity: Pooled Youth Risk Behavior Surveys
Authors: Rosario Margaret , Corliss Heather L. , Everett Bethany G. , Reisner Sari L. , Austin S. Bryn , Buchting Francisco O. , Birkett Michelle 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined sexual orientation disparities in cancer-related risk behaviors among adolescents.Methods. We pooled data from the 2005 and 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We classified youths with any same-sex orientation as sexual minority and the remainder as heterosexual. We compared the groups on risk behaviors and stratified by gender, age (< 15 years and > 14 years), and race/ethnicity.Results. Sexual minorities (7.6% of the sample) reported more risk behaviors than heterosexuals for all 12 behaviors (mean = 5.3 vs 3.8; P < .001) and for each risk behavior: odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 1.4) to 4.0 (95% CI = 3.6, 4.7), except for a diet low in fruit and vegetables (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 0.8). We found sexual orientation disparities in analyses by gender, followed by age, and then race/ethnicity; they persisted in analyses by gender, age, and race/ethnicity, although findings were nuanced.Conclusions. Data on cancer risk, morbidity, and mortality by sexual orientation are needed to track the potential but unknown burden of cancer among sexual minorities.
Breaking the Blue Wall of Silence: Risk Factors for Experiencing Police Sexual Misconduct Among Female Offenders
Authors: Cottler Linda B. , O’Leary Catina C. , Nickel Katelin B. , Reingle Jennifer M. , Isom Daniel 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for trading sex with a police officer among women recruited from drug courts in St Louis, Missouri. Methods. In 2005 to 2008, we recruited women into an HIV intervention study, which surveyed participants about multiple sociodemographic, lifestyle, and risk factors. Regression analyses assessed risk factors for trading sex, a form of police sexual misconduct (PSM). Results. Of the 318 participants, 78 (25%) reported a lifetime history of PSM. Among women who experienced PSM, 96% had sex with an officer on duty, 77% had repeated exchanges, 31% reported rape by an officer, and 54% were offered favors by officers in exchange for sex; 87% said officers kept their promise. Only 51% of these respondents always used a condom with an officer. Multivariable models identified 4 or more arrests (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29, 5.97), adult antisocial personality (AOR = 9.0; 95% CI = 2.08, 38.79), and lifetime comorbid cocaine and opiate use (AOR = 2.9 [1.62, 5.20]) as risk factors; employment (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.77) lowered the risk of PSM. Conclusions. Community-based interventions are critical to reduce risk of abuse of vulnerable women by police officers charged with protecting communities.
Influenza and Seasonal Patterns of Hospital Use by Older Adults in Long-Term Care and Community Settings in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Gruneir Andrea , Kwong Jeff C. , Campitelli Michael A. , Newman Alice , Anderson Geoffrey M. , Rochon Paula A. , Mor Vincent 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We compared seasonal influenza hospital use among older adults in long-term care (LTC) and community settings. Methods. We used provincial administrative data from Ontario to identify all emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions for pneumonia and influenza among adults older than 65 years between 2002 and 2008. We used sentinel laboratory reports to define influenza and summer seasons and estimated mean annual event rates and influenza-associated rates. Results. Mean annual pneumonia and influenza ED visit rates were higher in LTC than the community (rate ratio [RR] for influenza season = 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.8, 4.0; for summer = 4.9; 95% CI = 4.8, 5.1) but this was attenuated in influenza-associated rates (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 2.1, 2.8). The proportion of pneumonia and influenza ED visits attributable to seasonal influenza was 17% (15%–20%) in LTC and 28% (27%–29%) in the community. Results for hospital admissions were comparable. Conclusions. We found high rates of hospital use from LTC but evidence of lower impact of circulating influenza in the community. This differential impact of circulating influenza between the 2 environments may result from different influenza control policies.
Smoking Initiation Associated With Specific Periods in the Life Course From Birth to Young Adulthood: Data From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Jacques-Tiura Angela J. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. Guided by the life-course perspective, we examined whether there were subgroups with different likelihood curves of smoking onset associated with specific developmental periods. Methods. Using 12 waves of panel data from 4088 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we detected subgroups with distinctive risk patterns by employing developmental trajectory modeling analysis. Results. From birth to age 29 years, 72% of female and 74% of US males initiated smoking. We detected 4 exclusive groups with distinctive risk patterns for both genders: the Pre-Teen Risk Group initiated smoking by age 12 years, the Teenage Risk Group initiated smoking by age 18 years, the Young Adult Risk Group initiated smoking by age 25 years, and the Low Risk Group experienced little or no risk over time. Groups differed on several etiological and outcome variables. Conclusions. The process of smoking initiation from birth to young adulthood is nonhomogeneous, with distinct subgroups whose risk of smoking onset is linked to specific stages in the life course.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effect of Nonmedical Exemption Law and Vaccine Uptake on Vaccine-Targeted Disease Rates
Authors: Yang Y. Tony , Debold Vicky 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We assessed how nonmedical exemption (NME) laws and annual uptake of vaccines required for school or daycare entry affect annual incidence rates for 5 vaccine-targeted diseases: pertussis, measles, mumps, Haemophilus influenzae type B, and hepatitis B. Methods. We employed longitudinal mixed-effects models to examine 2001–2008 vaccine-targeted disease data obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Key explanatory variables were state-level vaccine-specific uptake rates from the National Immunization Survey and a state NME law restrictiveness level. Results. NME law restrictiveness and vaccine uptake were not associated with disease incidence rate for hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B, measles, or mumps. Pertussis incidence rate, however, was negatively associated with NME law restrictiveness (b = −0.20; P = .03) and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine uptake (b = −0.01; P = .05). Conclusions. State NME laws and vaccine uptake rates did not appear to influence lower-incidence diseases but may influence reported disease rates for higher-incidence diseases. If all states increased their NME law restrictiveness by 1 level and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus uptake by 1%, national annual pertussis cases could decrease by 1.14% (171 cases) and 0.04% (5 cases), respectively.
Gender Abuse and Major Depression Among Transgender Women: A Prospective Study of Vulnerability and Resilience
Authors: Nuttbrock Larry , Bockting Walter , Rosenblum Andrew , Hwahng Sel , Mason Mona , Macri Monica , Becker Jeffrey 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined the social and interpersonal context of gender abuse and its effects on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition major depression among transgender women.Methods. We conducted a 3-year prospective study (2004–2007) among 230 transgender women aged 19 to 59 years from the New York City Metropolitan Area. Statistical techniques included generalized estimating equations (logistic regression).Results. We observed significant associations of psychological and physical gender abuse with major depression during follow-up. New or persistent experiences of both types of abuse were associated with 4- to 7-fold increases in the likelihood of incident major depression. Employment, transgender presentation, sex work, and hormone therapy correlated across time with psychological abuse; the latter 2 variables correlated with physical abuse. The association of psychological abuse with depression was stronger among younger than among older transgender women.Conclusions. Psychological and physical gender abuse is endemic in this population and may result from occupational success and attempts to affirm gender identity. Both types of abuse have serious mental health consequences in the form of major depression. Older transgender women have apparently developed some degree of resilience to psychological gender abuse.
Avoiding Violent Victimization Among Youths in Urban Neighborhoods: The Importance of Street Efficacy
Authors: Gibson Chris L. , Fagan Abigail A. , Antle Kelsey 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We investigated how street efficacy—the perceived ability to avoid dangerous and unsafe situations—is related to violent victimization across different levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Methods. We used 2 waves of self-report data collected between 1995 and 1999 from 1865 youths in the 9-, 12-, and 15-year-old cohorts of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to measure violent victimization, street efficacy, and risk factors for violent victimization. We also analyzed data from the 1990 US Census to measure categories of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage for which the cohorts of youths reside. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between street efficacy and violent victimization while we controlled for demographic, family and parenting, self-control, and behavioral and lifestyle variables. Results. Logistic regression results showed that street efficacy had its strongest association with violent victimization in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (odds ratio = 0.700; 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.89). Conclusions. Our findings support the need to teach youths ways to successfully navigate potentially violent situations in environments that pose moderate to high risks for exposure to violence.
National and State-Specific Health Insurance Disparities for Adults in Same-Sex Relationships
Authors: Gonzales Gilbert , Blewett Lynn A. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined national and state-specific disparities in health insurance coverage, specifically employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) coverage, for adults in same-sex relationships. Methods. We used data from the American Community Survey to identify adults (aged 25–64 years) in same-sex relationships (n = 31 947), married opposite-sex relationships (n = 3 060 711), and unmarried opposite-sex relationships (n = 259 147). We estimated multinomial logistic regression models and state-specific relative differences in ESI coverage with predictive margins. Results. Men and women in same-sex relationships were less likely to have ESI than were their married counterparts in opposite-sex relationships. We found ESI disparities among adults in same-sex relationships in every region, but we found the largest ESI gaps for men in the South and for women in the Midwest. ESI disparities were narrower in states that had extended legal same-sex marriage, civil unions, and broad domestic partnerships. Conclusions. Men and women in same-sex relationships experience disparities in health insurance coverage across the country, but residing in a state that recognizes legal same-sex marriage, civil unions, or broad domestic partnerships may improve access to ESI for same-sex spouses and domestic partners.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Young Adult Sexual Minority Bar and Nightclub Patrons
Authors: Fallin Amanda , Neilands Torsten B. , Jordan Jeffrey W. , Ling Pamela M. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We compared exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes toward smoke-free bar and nightclub policies among patrons of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and non-LGBT bars and nightclubs. Methods. We conducted randomized time–location sampling surveys of young adults (aged 21–30 years) in 7 LGBT (n = 1113 patrons) and 12 non-LGBT (n = 1068 patrons) venues in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2011, as part of a cross-sectional study of a social branding intervention to promote a tobacco-free lifestyle and environment in bars and nightclubs. Results. Compared with non-LGBT bars and nightclubs, patrons of LGBT venues had 38% higher adjusted odds of having been exposed to SHS in a bar or nightclub in the past 7 days but were no less likely to support smoke-free policies and intended to go out at least as frequently if a smoke-free bar and nightclub law was passed. Conclusions. The policy environment in LGBT bars and nightclubs appears favorable for the enactment of smoke-free policies, which would protect patrons from SHS and promote a smoke-free social norm.
Dental Care Coverage and Use: Modeling Limitations and Opportunities
Authors:   Originally published as:, Manski Richard J. , Moeller John F. , Chen Haiyan ,   Dental Care Coverage and Use: Modeling Limitations and Opportunities. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e80–e87. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301693.
Published: December 2013

Objectives. We examined why older US adults without dental care coverage and use would have lower use rates if offered coverage than do those who currently have coverage. Methods. We used data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study to estimate a multinomial logistic model to analyze the influence of personal characteristics in the grouping of older US adults into those with and those without dental care coverage and dental care use. Results. Compared with persons with no coverage and no dental care use, users of dental care with coverage were more likely to be younger, female, wealthier, college graduates, married, in excellent or very good health, and not missing all their permanent teeth. Conclusions. Providing dental care coverage to uninsured older US adults without use will not necessarily result in use rates similar to those with prior coverage and use. We have offered a model using modifiable factors that may help policy planners facilitate programs to increase dental care coverage uptake and use.
Unraveling R0: Considerations for Public Health Applications
Authors: Ridenhour Benjamin , Kowalik Jessica M. , Shay David K. 
Published: December 2013

We assessed public health use of R0, the basic reproduction number, which estimates the speed at which a disease is capable of spreading in a population. These estimates are of great public health interest, as evidenced during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus pandemic. We reviewed methods commonly used to estimate R0, examined their practical utility, and assessed how estimates of this epidemiological parameter can inform mitigation strategy decisions. In isolation, R0 is a suboptimal gauge of infectious disease dynamics across populations; other disease parameters may provide more useful information. Nonetheless, estimation of R0 for a particular population is useful for understanding transmission in the study population. Considered in the context of other epidemiologically important parameters, the value of R0 may lie in better understanding an outbreak and in preparing a public health response.