bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does preconception care work?
Authors: Beckmann Michael M. , Widmer Tania , Bolton Elize 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundTo date, there is a lack of evidence to suggest that a systematic and coordinated approach to prepregnancy care might make a difference.AimsTo evaluate whether women who receive preconception care through a structured approach will be more likely to be healthy around the time of conception compared with women who plan their pregnancy but have not been exposed to preconception care.MethodsA case control study was undertaken of women who attended the preconception care service and subsequently conceived, received maternity care and gave birth at Mater Health Services Brisbane between January 2010 and January 2013. Pregnancy information and birth outcomes for each woman who attended the service were matched with those of three women who reported that they had planned their pregnancy but did not attend the service. Records were matched for prepregnancy BMI, age, parity, prepregnancy smoking status and number of health conditions.ResultsPregnant women who attended preconception care were more likely to have received adequate peri‐conceptual folate, to report being vaccinated against influenza and hepatitis B, to have consulted with a specialist with the specific aim of optimising a pre‐existing health condition and to report less weight gain up until booking. Preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were less common amongst women who had attended preconception care, and there were trends towards a decreased incidence of gestational diabetes, LGA and fetal anomalies.ConclusionThese preliminary data provide some optimism that a comprehensive preconception care service may positively influence maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Laparoscopy assisted middle‐segment–preserving pancreatectomy for multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Report of a case
Authors: Usui Masanobu , Kuriyama Naohisa , Uchida Katsunori , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Tabata Masami , Shiraishi Taizo , Isaji Shuji 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFor multiple low‐grade malignant tumors located in the pancreatic head and tail, middle‐segment–preserving pancreatectomy (MSPP) is sometimes indicated. However, MSPP has rarely been performed laparoscopically. Here we report the first case of laparoscopic MSPP for multiple pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors diagnosed preoperatively under an endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. A 70‐year‐old man had multiple small tumors located in the pancreatic head, body and tail. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy with immunohistochemical staining made a definitive diagnosis of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (G1). To preserve the 5‐cm pancreas body, we successfully performed laparoscopic MSPP: subtotal stomach‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by distal pancreatosplenectomy. Pathological examination revealed negative surgical margin after resection. Postoperative course was uneventful, and at 14 months after the operation, the patient remains tumor‐free. The patient has discontinued insulin supplement therapy but does use an oral hypoglycemic agent. Laparoscopy‐assisted MSPP, with reconstruction through a 6‐cm transverse incision, can be safely performed for selected cases of borderline and malignant lesions.
Assessing university students' perceptions of their Physics instructors' TPACK development in two contexts
Authors: Chang Yahui , Jang Syh‐Jong , Chen Yang‐Hsueh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTechnological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) has been gaining traction among educational researchers; however, studies documenting university students' perceptions of their teachers' TPACK remain limited. This study intends to investigate the professional development of two physics instructors through the lens of the TPACK framework. Moreover, this study spans an 18‐week semester within both the contexts of Taiwan and China. Multiple data were collected and analyzed, including the pretest and posttest TPACK surveys, instructor interviews, in‐class observations and students' feedback and opinions. The results revealed that John's instructional representations and strategies and technology integration and application scores increased significantly, as well as Mike's knowledge of students' understanding score showing a significant increase from the middle to the end of semester. John (Taiwan) emphasized life examples and the use of multimedia while Mike (China) chose to emphasize students' knowledge and evaluation. Such results showed different teaching characteristics in the two contexts. Implications and suggestions are put forward based on the results of this study.
Transplantation in inborn errors of metabolism: current considerations and future perspectives
Authors: Boelens Jaap Jan , Orchard Paul J. , Wynn Robert F. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryInborn errors of metabolism (IEM) comprise an assorted group of inherited diseases, some of which are due to disordered lysosomal or peroxisomal function and some of which might be improved following haemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In these disorders, the onset in infancy or early childhood is typically accompanied by rapid deterioration, resulting in early death in the more severe phenotypes. Timely diagnosis and immediate referral to an IEM specialist are essential steps in optimal management. Treatment recommendations are based on the diagnosis, its phenotype, rate of progression, prior extent of disease, family values and expectations and the risks and benefits associated with available therapies, including HCT. International collaborative efforts are of utmost importance in determining outcomes of therapy for these rare diseases, and have improved those outcomes significantly over recent decades. This discussion focusses on HCT in IEM, providing an international perspective on progress, limitations, and future directions.
Urodynamic testing: physiological background, setting‐up, calibration and artefacts
Authors: Raz Orit , Tse Vincent , Chan Lewis 
Published: July 2014

Urodynamics (UDS) is an interactive diagnostic study of lower urinary tract function. It is composed of several tests that can be used to obtain functional information about urine storage and expulsion. Its main goal is to reproduce the patients' symptoms and determine their cause.The present article is a review of the physiological concepts behind UDS, and explains the various normal and abnormal forces and parameters that are measured and used during the tests to assist the physician in making a diagnosis. It outlines the importance and methods of the calibration of UDS equipment to optimise diagnostic accuracy and reliability, which would have a crucial impact over the treatment's decision, and consequently the patient's outcome.
Epigenetics in the perioperative period
Authors: Lirk P , Fiegl H , Weber N C , Hollmann M W 
Published: July 2014

The perioperative period is characterized by profound changes in the body's homoeostatic processes. This review seeks to address whether epigenetic mechanisms may influence an individual's reaction to surgery and anaesthesia. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that epigenetic mechanisms can explain many facets of susceptibility to acute and chronic pain, making them potential therapeutic targets. Modern pain management is still based upon opiates, and both the developmental expression of opioid receptors and opioid‐induced hyperalgesia have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms. In general, opiates seem to increase global DNA methylation levels. This is in contrast to local anaesthetics, which have been ascribed a global demethylating effect. Even though no direct investigations have been carried out, the potential influence of epigenetics on the inflammatory response that follows surgery seems a promising area for research. There is a considerable body of evidence that supports the involvement of epigenetics in the complex process of wound healing. Epigenetics is an important emerging research topic in perioperative medicine, with a huge potential to positively influence patient outcome.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Epigenetics and Therapy. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐11
Viable Ramsey economies
Authors: Bonneuil Noël , Boucekkine Raouf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Ramsey model of economic growth is revisited from the perspective of viability theory. The Ramsey model, augmented with minimal consumption and sustainability criteria, becomes a viability problem. The framework allows for a clear picture of optimal viable, optimal non‐viable, and viable non‐optimal paths. The drastic sacrifices in terms of present consumption required by the implementation of Brundtland sustainability are visualized, the rich countries bearing the major part of the burden. The econometric analysis of viability sets enhances the role of technological progress in ensuring Brundtland sustainability. Preference parameters such as the pure time preference rate are statistically non‐significant.
Social evaluations when populations differ in size
Authors: Duclos Jean‐Yves , Zabsonré Agnès 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAssessments of “social welfare” do not usually take into account population sizes. This can lead to serious social evaluation flaws, particularly in contexts in which policies can affect demographic growth. We develop in this paper a little‐known though ethically attractive approach to correcting the flaws of traditional social evaluations, an approach that is sensitive to population sizes and that is based on critical‐level generalized utilitarianism (CLGU). Traditional CLGU is extended by considering arbitrary orders of welfare dominance and ranges of “poverty lines,” as well as values for the “critical level” of how much a life must be minimally worth to contribute to social welfare. We apply these social evaluation methods to rank Canada across 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 and to estimate normatively and statistically robust lower and upper bounds of critical levels over which these rankings can be made.
Trend shocks and the countercyclical U.S. current account
Authors: Amdur David , Kiziler Eylem Ersal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFrom 1960 to 2009, the U.S. current account balance has tended to decline during expansions and improve in recessions. We argue that shocks to the trend growth rate of productivity can help explain the countercyclical U.S. current account. Our framework is a two‐country, two‐good business cycle model in which international asset trade is limited to a single, non‐contingent bond. We identify trend and transitory shocks to U.S. productivity using generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. The specification that best matches the data assigns a large role to trend shocks. The estimated model also captures key facts regarding international co‐movement.
Through the lens of our cameras: children's lived experience with food security in a Canadian Indigenous community
Authors: Genuis S. K. , Willows N. ,   Alexander First Nation, Jardine C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe related issues of food security and obesity among North American Indigenous children are serious public health concerns. This community‐based participatory study sought to gain deeper understanding of young First Nation children's lived experience with food and to learn, from their perspective, about food security issues in their community.MethodsIn this Photovoice investigation 26 young children attending a rural reserve school in Canada were asked to take photographs of the food they ate. Nine high school students from the same school were trained as co‐researchers: they interviewed the younger students, helped identify emerging themes and contributed to knowledge translation. Data analysis incorporated conventional content analysis, grounded theory's constant‐comparative method, and examination of photos and texts.ResultsFive primary findings emerged from photographs and interviews: (1) children had a dualistic understanding of healthy vs. unhealthy foods; (2) packaged, quick‐preparation foods played a dominant role in children's everyday food experiences; (3) families were critical to children's food‐related experiences; (4) although traditional foods are viewed as central to Aboriginal health, few were depicted in the photographs; and (5) photos do not tell the whole story – despite the smaller numbers of fruits and vegetables in photos, children like to eat these foods when they are available at home.ConclusionsThe study improved understanding of children's everyday food‐related experiences, provided insight into community food security, and demonstrated the contribution of children and youth as experts on their lives and matters affecting them. A photobook representing findings provided a rich, visual tool for communicating the food‐related experiences of children and messages about healthy eating within the school and to community members and leaders. Intervention efforts can build on participants' understanding of healthy versus unhealthy foods and on the critical role of family for healthy eating.
Prevalence of simple and abdominal obesity in Greek adolescents: the ADONUT study
Authors: Grammatikopoulou M. G. , Poulimeneas D. , Gounitsioti I. S. , Gerothanasi K. , Tsigga M. , Kiranas E. ,   The ADONUT Study Group
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, normal body weight, overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Greek adolescents. A nationally representative sample of 37 344 Greek adolescents, aged 12–19 years old, was recruited from schools throughout the country during 2010–2012. Body weight, stature and waist circumference were measured. The prevalence of each weight status category was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria and abdominal obesity was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation. One‐third of the participants were either overweight or obese. Among adolescent boys, the prevalence of underweight was 3.3%, 27.9% were overweight and 8.9% were considered obese. Among the girls, 5.8% of the population were underweight, 19.4% were considered overweight and 6.0% obese. Abdominal obesity was diagnosed in 9.1% of the sample (8.9% of the boys and 9.2% of the girls). In 4.5% of the population, simple and central obesity coincided. The pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity as well as the rate of abdominal obesity appear to level off during the course of adolescence. The results indicate a high prevalence of overweight among Greek adolescents.
Minimizing the Short‐Term Impacts of Marine Reserves on Fisheries While Meeting Long‐Term Goals for Recovery
Authors: Brown Christopher J. , Abdullah Sabah , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMarine reserves are a promising tool for recovering overfished ecosystems. However, reserves designed to rebuild profits in the long‐term may cause short‐term losses—a serious issue in regions where fisheries are key for food security. We examine the tension between the long‐term benefits of reserves and short‐term losses, using a multispecies model of coral reef fisheries. Reserves designed to maximize long‐term profits caused significant short‐term losses. We model several policy solutions, where we incrementally increased either: the number of months per year that the reserve is closed to fishing; the size of the reserve; or the number species protected within the reserve. Protecting species sequentially, starting with the most valued species, provided the best outcome in the short‐term with the most rapid recovery of profits. Solving the dilemma of meeting short‐ and long‐term goals will ultimately improve the effectiveness of marine reserves for managing fisheries and conserving ecosystems.
Topical ceramides neither enhance UVB‐induced apoptosis in normal human keratinocytes nor affect viability in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis
Authors: Grether‐Beck Susanne , Felsner Ingo , Koehler Tim , Farwick Mike , Lersch Peter , Rawlings Anthony V. , Krutmann Jean 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCeramides are the major lipid of lamellar sheets present in intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum contributing to epidermal barrier properties. Therefore, ceramides and their analogues have been studied for barrier enhancing and water‐holding properties for decades. In vitro studies have indicated cytotoxic potential for cell‐permeable ceramides thereby raising the question whether topical ceramide application might contribute to UVB‐induced apoptosis. Phytosphingosine, N‐hexanoyl‐phytosphingosine and N‐stearoylphytosphingosine (ceramide III) in concentrations ≤5 μm have been used for co‐stimulation with low (160 J/m2) or high (600 J/m2) UVB doses in subconfluent basal and confluent differentiating keratinocytes. Significantly, increased caspase‐3 activity was observed in basal keratinocytes irradiated with 600 J/m2 UVB and in differentiating keratinocytes with both UVB doses. Co‐stimulation with the named ceramides did not further increase (i) caspase‐3 activity and (ii) nucleosomal fragmentation in differentiating keratinocytes. Moreover, co‐stimulation with 1‐mm ceramides did not further affect viability/lactate dehydrogenase release in UVB‐irradiated reconstructed human epidermis corroborating the safety of these ceramides.
Skills across the Urban–Rural Hierarchy
Authors: Abel Jaison R. , Gabe Todd M. , Stolarick Kevin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the vertical and horizontal dimensions of human capital across regions within the U.S., ranging from densely populated city centers to isolated and sparsely populated rural areas. To do so, we classify detailed geographic areas into categories along the entire urban–rural hierarchy. An occupation‐based cluster analysis is then used to complement the conventional measure of human capital, based on college attainment, by measuring the types of skills available in the regional workforce. We find that differences in human capital across the urban–rural hierarchy are related to both the types of work performed in urban and rural areas and that a higher share of college‐educated workers is present in urban areas regardless of the skills typically required to perform the job.
Effects of Land‐Related Policies on Land Development during a Real Estate Boom and a Recession
Authors: Cho Seong‐Hoon , Kim Seung Gyu , Roberts Roland K. , Lambert Dayton M. , Kim Taeyoung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOur research evaluates and compares the effects of three land‐related policies on land development in a sprawling metropolitan area during a real estate boom and a recession. Our findings suggest that during a real estate boom 1) the urban growth boundary (UGB) serves its purpose of attracting urban development inside the given boundary during a boom while its effectiveness diminishes with increased development pressure from lower‐valued land outside of the UGB during a recession period, 2) the agricultural zone works well for restraining new development during a boom period while agriculture zoned parcels are more likely developed during a recession period, and 3) an increase in the land‐value tax bill increases the incentive for development during a recession period while higher tax bills do not affect development during a boom period. In anticipation of a re‐emergence of urban sprawl with the recovery of the real estate market, our findings imply that land planners and others concerned with sprawling development should pay more attention to development in sprawl‐prone areas during recession periods.
An historical perspective on health‐risk awareness and unhealthy behaviour: cigarette smoking in the United States 1949–1981
Authors: Leidner Andrew J. , Shaw W. Douglass , Yen Steven T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis paper investigates the change through time in the perception of smoking‐related health harm and smoking behaviour from 1949 to 1981.Background and contextA variety of common behaviours can be linked to chronic disease risk—smoking, over‐eating, and excessive sitting, to name a few. Changing behaviours to reduce exposure to such risks can be an effort that spans generations and decades.Setting and participantsRespondents to Gallup Poll surveys in the United States from 1949, 1954, 1957, 1971, 1972, 1977 and 1981.MethodsGraphical analysis and probit regression are used to investigate trends through time and statistical associations of smoking with the perception of smoking‐related health risks and other socio‐demographic variables.Intervention and main variable studiedPerceived smoking health risk.Main outcome measureSmoking participation.Results and conclusionOur findings include the proportions of individuals who were self‐reported smokers fell between 1949 and 1981, from 0.48 to 0.34. Among smokers, the proportion who believed smoking was harmful increased from 0.52 in 1949 to 0.81 in 1981. By 1981, the proportion of non‐smokers who believed smoking was harmful was 0.98. A negative association between belief in smoking harm and the decision to smoke was shown in regression analysis. This association became more pronounced over the three decades under study.
Education as Arikara Spiritual Renewal and Cultural Evolution
Authors: Kroupa KuuNUx TeeRIt 
Published: July 2014

In May 2009, the Arikara returned to the land of their ancestors along the Missouri River in South Dakota. For the first time in more than a half century, a Medicine Lodge was built for ceremony. The lodge has returned from its dormant state to regain its permanent place in Arikara culture. This event will be remembered as a significant moment in the history of the Arikara because it symbolizes a new beginning and hope for the people. Following this historic event, Arikara spiritual leader Jasper Young Bear offered to share his experience and deep insight into Arikara thought:
You have to know that the universe is the Creator's dream, the Creator's mind, everything from the stars all the way to the deepest part of the ocean, to the most microscopic particle of the creation, to the creation itself, on a macro level, on a micro level. You have to understand all of those aspects to understand what the lodge represents. The lodge is a fractal, a symbolic representation of the universe itself. How do we as human beings try to make sense of that? That understanding, of how the power in the universe flows, was gifted to us through millennia of prayer and cultural development… It is important for us to internalize our stories, internalize the star knowledge, internalize those things and make that your way, make that your belief, because we're going to play it out inside the lodge. It only lives by us guys interacting with it and praying with it and bringing it to life… We're going to play out the wise sayings of the old people… So you see that it's an Arikara worldview. A learning process of how the universe functions is what you're actually experiencing [inside the Medicine Lodge]. What the old people were describing was the functioning of how we believed the universe behaves. And we had a deep, deep understanding of what that meant and how it was for us. So that's what you're actually seeing in the Medicine Lodge.