bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Cross-cultural Semiotic Turn
Authors: Li Youzheng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
During the current transmitting period of semiotics and humanities in the world the term semiotics can and should be only a general index about a new direction of doing theoretical scholarship in social-human sciences without being able, however, to attain a more precise definition about its identity, aim, zone and methods. Semioticians have got used to organizing their scientific practice according to the related professional frames and channels that are often motivated by some competitive-utilitarian aims easily losing insight into the internal criteria of the semiotic elementals. The present paper proposes to go back to the internal criteria to pay attention to the semiotic merits as such. A proposal is raised here about the possible change of some basic conception in the current semiotic practice that the general semiotic scholarship can be further divided into several different categories or types implicative of different criteria and procedures. Thus, the main division should be made between the American-communication-directed trend (semiotics 1) and the Frenchsignification- directed trend (semiotics 2). The so-called cross-cultural semiotics (in an exact sense it amounts to global semiotics; but in a popular sense it is used as an alternative of the non-westem semiotics; in this paper it means almost the latter) or part of it could become another category so as to be able to more pertinently grasp the semiotic elementals in more detailed ways. Then we could find out or create more pertinent signifying units to carry out more effectively anatomizing and recombining operations in semiotic practice.
The Enminded Body. Spinoza, Descartes, and the Philosophy of Cognition – A Critical Note
Authors: Brandt Per Aage 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Ontologically, Baruch Spinoza and Rene Descartes take significantly different stands on truth, mind and meaning. It this respect, the latter can be regarded as the founder of modern epistemology, phenomenology, and scientific thinking. Nevertheless, Spinoza's mysticism and resounding Spinozist rejections of Cartesian rationalism can be found at the root of modern analytic philosophy and, even more surprisingly, in most basic assumptions of current cognitive science. The main issue of this "metaphysical" debate is the status of mind, consciousness, mental representations, truth, and meaning in general, and therefore the debate concerns the possibility of a cognitive semantics.
Rituals and Routines: A Semiotic Inquiry
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article proposes a semiotic comparison between the phenomenological structure of rituals and routines, and claims that they share the same features of repetition through time, impossibility of change, unavailability of choice, and transcendental conception of origin. If a modern, structural conception of meaning based on alternative is adopted, both rituals and routines can be considered as meaningless. However, if the non-structural, pre-modem conception of meaning based on repetition is embraced, rituals and routines appear to be meaningful, although they do not have a meaning according to the structural semiotic ideology. The sense of belonging that emerges from rituals and routines (from routines as rituals) relies exactly on the feeling that no alternative is possible, that meaning depends on a subject's repetitive frequentation of a physical or conceptual space, and that dis-placement does not exist. The section concludes by focusing on the main phenomenological difference between a ritual and a routine- whereas the former is collective, the latter is individual-, contending that this is the main reason for which the existential value of rituals in pre-modem societies is not satisfactorily replaced by that of routines in contemporary societies. Routines offer to (post-) modern subjects an alienating feeling of belonging that fails to replace the sense of belonging guaranteed by pre-modem rituals. Only through rituals do subjects feel part of a collective routine that secures their feeling of belonging.
The Occurrence of Thinking and Symbols
Authors: Dong Xiaoying 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper is part of Chapter One "The Origin of Art and Artistic Thinking" in the book An Introduction to the Logic of Narrative
Art. But before discussing artistic thinking, we find it necessary to investigate the origin of thinking and its relation with symbols. Since it's impossible for us to go back to the ancient times, what we can do is to examine the occurrence of thinking and symbols and their relation by means of studying babies' and aborigines' thinking methods and animals' cognition of symbols. The developmental process of thinking proves that thinking is undoubtedly prior to each conscious action. It's not the case that labor creates human beings or language, but that labor, language and writing mark the developmental level of thinking. It also proves that the two-way motion ("concrete to abstract ←→ abstract to concrete") of thinking occurs at all times. Human modes of thinking experience a gradual evolutionary process from primitive thinking to mythological thinking and then to abstract thinking. And mythological thinking is retained in artistic creation and becomes various figures of speech which are still in use now.
Corporeality, Culture and Nonverbal Semiotics of Ethics and Etiquette
Authors: Kreydlin Grigory E. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study addresses some significant semiotic, communicative and rhetorical aspects of postures. It deals with basic Russian postures and compares their functions, meanings and regularities of usage with those of Russian manual gestures. The notions of nonverbal ethics and etiquette of interactive communication are introduced that estimate, among other things, the measure of freedom which one body possesses toward another. The paper focuses on some cross-cultural discrepancies in postures and postural representations of emotions and on different semiotic oppositions and postural patterns that serve to communicate ethical information, and explain how social and cultural meanings such as " decent" and " indecent" can be expressed nonverbally.
An Experimental Study of the Synthesis of Ultrafine Titania Powder in Plasmachemical Flow-Type Reactor
Authors: Kartaev E. V. , Lukashov V. P. , Vashenko S. P. , Aulchenko S. M. , Kovalev O. B. , Sergachev D. V. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Methods for controlling the synthesis of the submicron (including nanosized) powder of titanium dioxide (titania, TiO2) in a setup with a plasmachemical flow reactor were investigated. The synthesis of titania particles from gaseous titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in the plasmachemical reactor by the chloride method was experimentally studied. The processes of formation and growth of particles depending on the type of the plasma-forming gas, flow rates of TiCl4; and the quenching gas (air), reactor length, and mean-mass temperature in the reaction zone were considered. When using nitrogen as heat-carrying gas, a new approach of titania powder synthesis based on combining of reaction zone and quenching zone has been applied. Under these non-equilibrium conditions and substantial temperature gradients, this method enabled us to synthesize reproducibly ultrafine titania powders (30–50 nm) with a high content (80–87%) of metastable anatase crystal lattice. The results reveal that the powder properties can be efficiently controlled, i.e., one setup can produce titania with a required particle size and a type of the crystal lattice: anatase (A) or rutile (R). The experimental data are found to agree well with the results of numerical calculations.
Arab Acquisitions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Partners in Development?
Authors: Farrar Salim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIf the NGOs and majority of western journalists are right, Arab investors in sub-Saharan Africa are no better than “cowboys” in a lawless “African Wild West” in which they land grab, raid resources and violate the human rights of the traditional owners of the land. This paper questions the basis for that consensus and looks more deeply at the evolving partnerships between African and Arab investors in the land context as African governments seek to chart their own particular paths of development. The paper takes a “macro” and contextual approach, linking historical, political economy and legal analysis with a case study
Some Proposals towards a More Rigorous Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Gries Stefan Τh. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Over the past few decades, corpus linguistics has evolved into a fullyfledged methodological approach with an increasing number of scholars using various different methods. In this rather programmatic paper, I will argue, however, that corpus linguistics has, in some respects at least, still some way to go in terms of developing rigorous tools and methods and using them more often. More specifically, corpus linguistics - as the young discipline it still is - still has much to learn from other disciplines; a prime candidate in this respect is psycholinguistics. I will try to support this claim with arguments from several case studies.
Using Corpora in the Calculation of Language Relationships
Authors: Lüdeling Anke 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper explores the relationships between traditional genetic trees of languages and (unrooted) similarity trees. Genetic trees are typically based on lexical and phonological data and ignore information from any other level of analysis. Similarity trees can directly be computed from corpus data. Since a corpus can be seen as corresponding strings (text, annotation tags), string comparison methods from bioinformatics can be used to compute 'distance scores' between languages. Similarity trees based on phonological and syntactic features are presented for five historical varieties of German, and the scope and limits of such surface-based methods in the calculation of language relationships are discussed
Proton Conductivity of Natural Diatomite
Authors: Wang Bo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTProton conductivity of the natural diatomite was studied by ac complex impedance technique. At room temperature, the highest proton conductivity was found to be 4.5 x 10-7S·cm-1. By hydrating the diatomite, the proton conductivity was increased to two orders of magnitude higher. The room temperate proton conductivity of the hydrated diatomite (5.5 x 10-5S·cm-1) was comparable to other hydrated solid proton conductors. The natural diatomite could be used as potential cost-effective proton conductor for electrochemical applications.
A tale of two doctoral students: social media tools and hybridised identities
Authors: Bennett Liz , Folley Sue 
Published: May 2014

This paper explores the experiences of two doctoral students who embraced Web 2.0 tools in their digital scholarship practices. The paper gives an insider perspective of the challenges and potential of working with online tools, such as blogs, and participating in online communities, such as Twitter’s #phdchat. We explore by drawing on our personal experiences as to how this participation was affected by our hybridised identity as both members of staff at a UK university and as PhD students. We argue that social media tools provide access to a community of doctoral students and knowledgeable others that reduce isolation and provide challenge and support along the challenging journey of undertaking a doctoral study. Whilst the tools involved exposure and risk in relation to managing our hybridised identities, our experience of their use was one we would recommend to others.Keywords: doctoral students; liminality; blogging; Web 2.0; Twitter(Published: 26 May 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 23791 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.23791
Impact of Aging on Urinary Excretion of Iron and Zinc
Authors: Pfrimer Karina , Micheletto Rutinéia Fátima , Marchini Julio Sergio , Padovan Gilberto João , Moriguti Julio cesar , Ferriolli Eduardo 
Published: May 2014

Project Data about the influence of aging on urinary excretion of iron and zinc are scarce. The objective of the present study was to compare the concentration of zinc and iron in the urine of healthy elderly subjects and younger adults. Procedure Seven healthy elderly subjects and seven younger adults were selected and submitted to biochemical, clinical, and nutritional tests. After a fasting period, 12-hour urine was collected for the determination of iron and zinc concentrations by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results Urinary zinc and iron concentrations of the elderly subjects were not significantly different from that of younger adults. However, the total zinc and iron urinary clearance in 24 hours for the elderly was significantly higher compared with that of younger adults. Conclusion There is an increase in urinary iron and zinc clearance with aging. The values reported in this manuscript may be used as references in future studies.
Intrusive Dental Injuries in Children: Manifestations and Management
Authors: Gauba Krishan , Goyal Ashima , Bhatia Sarabjot Kaur 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Traumatic dental injuries occur frequently in children and young adults. Orofacial trauma that results in fractured, displaced or lost teeth can have signifi cant negative functional, esthetic and psychological effect on child. Intrusive luxation of teeth results in axial impacts on maxillary and mandibular teeth and is considered one of the most severe types of dental trauma because of the risk for damage to the periodontal ligament, pulp and alveolar bone. To correctly diagnose the injury, effi ciently determine the extent of injury to teeth and periodontium and supporting structures and to have a favorable outcome after management requires a systematic approach.

How to cite this article
Gauba K, Goyal A, Bhatia SK. Intrusive Dental Injuries in Children: Manifestations and Management. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):53-62.
Complications and Pitfalls in Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Rattan Vidya , Rai Sachin , Yadav Shikha 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Complications and pitfalls are unavoidable sequel of any surgical procedure. Although advances have been made in surgical techniques and fixation devices, these are far from ideal. The aim of trauma surgeon is to restore the patient to pre-injury form and function, but it may not be possible in each and every case. Treatment failure and poor outcome in a case of severe maxillofacial trauma is not uncommon. This is mainly dependent upon the extent of injury, delay in management, improper diagnosis, wrong treatment plan, poor execution of a treatment plan, wrong choice of fixation devices, inexperience of the surgeon and inability to seek help from other specialists, etc. The objective of this article is to discuss and analyze common complications and pitfalls along with the various methods and modalities to prevent and manage it.

How to cite this article
Rattan V, Rai S, Yadav S. Complications and Pitfalls in Maxillofacial Trauma. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):91-97.
Plasma flows in Saturn's nightside magnetosphere
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Jackman C. M. , Tokar R. L. , Wilson R. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe plasma properties, especially the flow parameters, obtained from numerical integration of Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) Ion Mass Spectrometer measurements during intervals when the CAPS field of view encompassed both inward and outward flow directions relative to corotation are examined for nightside data (18–06 local time) during 2006, 2009, and 2010. The results show good agreement with previously reported values derived using different selection criteria and a different analysis technique. Nightside flows are predominantly in or near the corotation direction, indicating continuing influence of connection to the ionosphere. There is no evidence for a quasi‐steady reconnection x line within the surveyed region of the tail, although dynamic events attributable to transient reconnection have been observed. There is a net radial mass outflow, leading to an estimated net mass loss between 18 and 03 local time of ~34 kg/s. Part of this mass loss occurs as a “planetary wind” along the dusk flank. The remainder probably occurs ultimately much deeper in the tail and along the distant dawn magnetopause, when the mass disconnects from the weakened planetary magnetic field.
Confirmation of predicted activity for factor XIa inhibitors from a virtual screening approach
Authors: Li Hang , Visco Donald P. , Leipzig Nic D. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceHigh‐throughput screening approaches, where hundreds of thousands of compounds are evaluated in microamounts for their activity against certain targets, can regularly result in hit rates that are only a fraction of a percent. Here, we take a previously developed machine‐learning classification model (with the Signature molecular descriptor) used to identify active compounds against Factor XIa and experimentally verify the virtual screening model predictions. Of 21 predicted compounds tested, seven show activity against Factor XIa, a 33% hit rate. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2741–2746, 2014
Lewis‐Base‐Catalyzed Annulations of Nitroallylic Acetates as C3 Synthons with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Chen Rongshun , Fan Xia , Gong Junyu , He Zhengjie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract2‐Nitroallylic acetates have been demonstrated to be versatile C3 synthons in Lewis‐base‐catalyzed annulation reactions. Catalyzed by PhPMe2 (20 mol %), they readily undergo a cascade [3+2] annulation/allylic alkylation reaction with electron‐deficient alkenes to provide cyclopentenes and even spirocyclopenteneoxindoles in moderate to good yields and high diastereoselectivity. Under the catalysis of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (20 mol %), 2‐nitroallylic acetates also undergo a [3+3] annulation reaction with 1,1‐dicyanoalkenes to give cyclohexenes. This work further broadens the scope of the Lewis‐base‐catalyzed annulation protocol for modified allylic derivatives.
Copper(I)‐Promoted Alkylation of Alkenylbenzyldimethylsilanes
Authors: Takeda Takeshi , Matsumura Ryo , Wasa Hideki , Tsubouchi Akira 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of acid‐ and base‐unstable heteroatom‐functionalized organosilanes and C(sp2)X electrophiles such as aryl and alkenyl (pseudo)halides has been extensively studied. In contrast, little is known about the coupling between unactivated alkenyltrialkylsilanes and C(sp3)X electrophiles. Herein, the copper(I)‐promoted coupling of chromatographically stable alkenylbenzyldimethylsilanes with unreactive alkyl halides as well as allyl and benzyl halides is described. The reaction proceeds in the presence of CuI‐P(OEt)3 and Bu4NF⋅(tBuOH)4 to produce stereodefined di‐ and trisubstituted alkenes with complete retention of configuration.
Two‐Photon‐Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogel for Controlling Materials Motion in Micrometer Space
Authors: Yoshii Tatsuyuki , Ikeda Masato , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpatiotemporal control of fluidity inside a soft matrix by external stimuli allows real‐time manipulation of nano/micromaterials. In this study, we report a two‐photon‐responsive peptide‐based supramolecular hydrogel, the fluidity of which was dramatically controlled with high spatial resolution (10 μm×10 μm×10 μm). The off–on switching of the Brownian motion of nanobeads and chemotaxis of bacteria by two‐photon excitation was successfully demonstrated.
Design of a nanostructured electromagnetic polyaniline–keggin iron–clay composite modified electrochemical sensor for the nanomolar detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Lilly Reena Viswan , Devaki Sudha Janardhanan , Narayanan Rohini Kuttiplavil , Sadanandhan Neethu Kalloor 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article demonstrates the design and fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on a platinum electrode for ascorbic acid (AA) modified by an electromagnetic polyaniline–Keggin iron–clay (PPICS) composite. The polyaniline–polyhydroxy iron–clay composite was prepared by the polymerization of [Anilinium]+[PDPSA]− in the presence of Keggin iron intercalated clay and was characterized for its particle size, morphology, electrical conductivity, and saturation magnetization. The oxidation potential of AA was observed at +0.4 V on the bare electrode and shifted to a negative potential of −0.32 V on the modified electrode. Common possible interferences of the sample matrices were tested, and the results reveal that the PPICS‐modified electrode exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity toward AA. This unique low‐cost and user‐friendly sensor was validated for the nanomolar detection of AA present in real samples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40936.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on (Donor‐π‐Acceptor)2 Dyes With Dithiafulvalene as the Donor
Authors: Lee Ting‐Hui , Hsu Chih‐Yu , Liao You‐Ya , Chou Hsien‐Hsin , Hughes Heather , Lin Jiann T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDipolar metal‐free sensitizers (D‐π‐A; D=donor, π=conjugated bridge, A=acceptor) consisting of a dithiafulvalene (DTF) unit as the electron donor, a benzene, thiophene, or fluorene moiety as the conjugated spacer, and 2‐cyanoacrylic acid as the electron acceptor have been synthesized. Dimeric congeners of these dyes, (D‐π‐A)2, were also synthesized through iodine‐induced dimerization of an appropriate DTF‐containing segment. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the new dyes as the sensitizers have cell efficiencies that range from 2.11 to 5.24 %. In addition to better light harvesting, more effective suppression of the dark current than the D‐π‐A dyes is possible with the (D‐π‐A)2 dyes.
A color‐reaction‐based rapid screening for null activity of butyrylcholinesterase: A step toward point‐of‐care screening for succinylcholine apnea
Authors: Nagpal Nitish , Chowdhary Sheemona , Bhattacharyya Rajasri , Banerjee Dibyajyoti 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSuccinylcholine apnea happens in cases of null butyrylcholinesterase activity after administration of preintubation succinylcholine. So far, there is no such popular test that can rapidly screen null butyrylcholinesterase activity from plasma. Development of a novel method for rapid screening of null butyrylcholinesterase activity of plasma samples was the objective of the current work. Dichromate reagent was added to 1‐naphthol, 2‐naphthol, phenol, and para‐nitrophenol in separate aliquots and watched for the color formation. Plasma samples preincubated with and without selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor were mixed with 1‐naphthylacetate and watched for color development after addition of dichromate reagent. Fitting of 1‐naphthylacetate at the active site of butyrylcholinesterase was analyzed by using tools of computational biology. It was seen that 1‐naphthol formed color with dichromate reagent in a concentration‐dependent manner. Other phenols did not form color with dichromate reagent even at 500‐µm concentrations. Plasma sample with and without selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (tetra isopropyl pyrophosphoramide) was distinguishable by color formation when incubated with 1‐naphthylacetate, followed by the addition of dichromate reagent. In silico analysis also showed that 1‐naphthylacetate fitted well at the active site of butyrylcholinesterase. The developed method may be used for rapid screening for null butyrylcholinesterase activity at point of care.