bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
177Lu-EC0800 Combined with the Antifolate Pemetrexed: Preclinical Pilot Study of Folate Receptor Targeted Radionuclide Tumor Therapy
Authors: Reber Josefine , Haller Stephanie , Leamon Christopher P. , Müller Cristina 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy has shown impressive results for the palliative treatment of several types of cancer diseases. The folate receptor has been identified as specifically associated with a variety of frequent tumor types. Therefore, it is an attractive target for the development of new radionuclide therapies using folate-based radioconjugates. Previously, we found that pemetrexed (PMX) has a favorable effect in reducing undesired renal uptake of radiofolates. Moreover, PMX also acts as a chemotherapeutic and radiosensitizing agent on tumors. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the combined application of PMX and the therapeutic radiofolate 177Lu-EC0800. Determination of the combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic inhibitory effect of 177Lu-EC0800 and PMX on the viability of folate receptor–positive cervical (KB) and ovarian (IGROV-1) cancer cells in vitro (CI &lt; 0.8). In an in vivo study, tumor-bearing mice were treated with 177Lu-EC0800 (20 MBq) and a subtherapeutic (0.4 mg) or therapeutic amount (1.6 mg) of PMX. Application of 177Lu-EC0800 with PMXther resulted in a two- to four-fold enhanced tumor growth delay and a prolonged survival of KB and IGROV-1 tumor-bearing mice, as compared to the combination with PMXsubther or untreated control mice. PMXsubther protected the kidneys from undesired side effects of 177Lu-EC0800 (20 MBq) by reducing the absorbed radiation dose. Intact kidney function was shown by determination of plasma parameters and quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography using 99mTc-DMSA. Our results confirmed the anticipated dual role of PMX. Its unique features resulted in an improved antitumor effect of folate-based radionuclide therapy and prevented undesired radio-nephrotoxicity. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(11); 2436–45. ©2013 AACR.
Serum Endostatin and Risk of Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Ärnlöv Johan , Ruge Toralph , Ingelsson Erik , Larsson Anders , Sundström Johan , Lind Lars 
Published: September 2013

Objective—
Experimental data imply that endostatin, a proteolytically cleaved fragment of collagen XVIII, could be involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Prospective data concerning the relation between circulating endostatin and mortality are lacking. Accordingly, we aimed to study associations between circulating endostatin and mortality risk.

Approach and Results—
Serum endostatin was analyzed in 2 community-based cohorts: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 50%, n=931; mean age, 70 years; median follow-up, 7.9 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n=748; mean age, 77 years; median follow-up, 9.7 years). During follow-up, 90 participants died in PIVUS (1.28/100 person-years at risk), and 417 participants died in ULSAM (6.7/100 person-years at risk). In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age and established cardiovascular risk factors, 1 SD higher ln(serum endostatin level) was associated with a hazard ratio of mortality of 1.39 and 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 1.53, on average in both cohorts. In the ULSAM cohort, serum endostatin was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (177 deaths; hazard ratio per SD of ln[endostatin] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [1.25–1.71]) and cancer mortality (115 deaths; hazard ratio per SD of ln[endostatin] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [1.10–1.66]).

Conclusions—
High serum endostatin was associated with increased mortality risk in 2 independent community-based cohorts of the elderly. Our observational data support the importance of extracellular matrix remodeling in the underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Apolipoprotein A-IV Expression in Mouse Liver Enhances Triglyceride Secretion and Reduces Hepatic Lipid Content by Promoting Very Low Density Lipoprotein Particle Expansion
Authors: VerHague Melissa A. , Cheng Dongmei , Weinberg Richard B. , Shelness Gregory S. 
Published: September 2013

Objective—
Previous studies demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) promotes apoB lipoprotein–mediated triglyceride (TG) secretion in transfected enterocytes and hepatoma cells; however, evidence for a role in lipid transport in vivo is lacking. Using mouse models, we explored the role of apoA-IV in hepatic very low density lipoprotein–mediated lipid efflux under conditions that promote hepatic steatosis.

Approach and Results—

Hepatic steatosis, induced by either high-fat diet or enhanced de novo lipogenesis caused by transgenic overexpression of SREBP-1a (SREBP-1a
Tg
), was associated with up to a 43-fold induction of hepatic apoA-IV mRNA and protein levels. In both models, a positive linear correlation between hepatic TG content and apoA-IV mRNA abundance was observed (
r
2
=0.8965). To examine whether induction of apoA-IV affected hepatic TG secretion, SREBP-1a
Tg
mice were crossed with
Apoa4
knockout mice. With Triton blockade of peripheral lipolysis, SREBP-1a
Tg
/
Apoa4
knockout mice demonstrated a 24% reduction in hepatic TG secretion rate, relative to SREBP-1a
Tg
controls, but no change in apoB production. Negative stain electron microscopy revealed a 33% decrease in the abundance of secreted very low density lipoprotein particles with diameters ≥120 nm. Conversely, mice infected with a recombinant human apoA-IV adenovirus demonstrated a 52% increase in the hepatic TG secretion rate, relative to controls, a 38% reduction in liver TG content, and a 43% increase in large diameter (≥120 nm) very low density lipoprotein particles, with no change in apoB secretion.

Conclusions—
Hepatic steatosis in mice induces hepatic apoA-IV expression, which in turn promotes lipoprotein particle expansion and reduces hepatic lipid burden without increasing the number of secreted atherogenic apoB-containing lipoprotein particles.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Blockade Prevents the Beneficial Effects of β-Blocker Therapy on Cardiac Function, Angiogenesis, and Remodeling in Heart Failure
Authors: Rengo Giuseppe , Cannavo Alessandro , Liccardo Daniela , Zincarelli Carmela , de Lucia Claudio , Pagano Gennaro , Komici Klara , Parisi Valentina , Scala Oriana , Agresta Alessia , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Ferrara Nicola , Koch Walter J. , Trimarco Bruno , Femminella Grazia Daniela , Leosco Dario 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Impaired angiogenesis in the post-myocardial infarction heart contributes to the progression to heart failure. The inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been shown to be crucial for the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to cardiac failure. Importantly, β-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy has been also shown to improve myocardial perfusion by enhancing neoangiogenesis in the failing heart.

Methods and Results—
Eight weeks from surgically induced myocardial infarction, heart failure rats were randomized to receive bisoprolol (B) or vehicle. At the end of a 10-week treatment period, echocardiography revealed reduced cardiac diameters and improved cardiac function in B-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, B treatment was associated with increased cardiac angiogenesis and in vivo coronary perfusion and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Importantly, 2 weeks after B treatment was started, increased cardiac VEGF expression and Akt and endothelial NO synthase activation were observed by comparing B-treated with drug-untreated failing hearts. To test whether the proangiogenic effects of B act via activation of VEGF pathway, rats were intravenously injected with adenoviral vector encoding a decoy VEGF receptor (Ad-Flk) or a control adenovirus (Ad-C), at the start of the treatment with B. After 10 weeks, histological analysis revealed reduced capillary and coronary perfusion in B-treated plus Ad-Flk rats compared with B-treated plus Ad-C rats. Moreover, VEGF inhibition counteracted the positive effects of B on cardiac function and remodeling.

Conclusions—
β-Blockade promotes cardiac angiogenesis in heart failure via activation of VEGF signaling pathway. β-Blocker–induced enhancement of cardiac angiogenesis is essential for the favorable effects of this therapy on cardiac function and remodeling.
Oxidized Ca
2+
/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Triggers Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Purohit Anil , Rokita Adam G. , Guan Xiaoqun , Chen Biyi , Koval Olha M. , Voigt Niels , Neef Stefan , Sowa Thomas , Gao Zhan , Luczak Elizabeth D. , Stefansdottir Hrafnhildur , Behunin Andrew C. , Li Na , El-Accaoui Ramzi N. , Yang Baoli , Swaminathan Paari Dominic , Weiss Robert M. , Wehrens Xander H.T. , Song Long-Sheng , Dobrev Dobromir , Maier Lars S. , Anderson Mark E. 
Published: September 2013

Background—

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing public health problem without adequate therapies. Angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species are validated risk factors for AF in patients, but the molecular pathways connecting reactive oxygen species and AF are unknown. The Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has recently emerged as a reactive oxygen species–activated proarrhythmic signal, so we hypothesized that oxidized CaMKIIδ could contribute to AF.

Methods and Results—
We found that oxidized CaMKII was increased in atria from AF patients compared with patients in sinus rhythm and from mice infused with angiotensin II compared with mice infused with saline. Angiotensin II–treated mice had increased susceptibility to AF compared with saline-treated wild-type mice, establishing angiotensin II as a risk factor for AF in mice. Knock-in mice lacking critical oxidation sites in CaMKIIδ (MM-VV) and mice with myocardium-restricted transgenic overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an enzyme that reduces oxidized CaMKII, were resistant to AF induction after angiotensin II infusion.

Conclusions—
Our studies suggest that CaMKII is a molecular signal that couples increased reactive oxygen species with AF and that therapeutic strategies to decrease oxidized CaMKII may prevent or reduce AF.
Congolese Migration to Belgium and Postcolonial Perspectives
Authors: Demart Sarah 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Long absent from the scholarly literature, Congolese migration to Belgium now occupies a greater place in academic research. Nevertheless the various disciplinary approaches undertaken and the many topics of interest explored have not exhausted the complexity of this diaspora, too often the object of prejudice in popular opinion and public policies. The position of “the Congolese issue” in the academic world is thus rarely problematized due to confusion over how to categorize the Congo and the Congolese – either as ‘Africa,’ ‘Central Africa,’ ‘Sub-Sahara,’ etc. This reflects a ‘geography of the Other’ that significantly confounds current social processes at work in Belgium and the particularity of this (post)migratory situation. Grounded in empirical research, this issue in moving beyond merely highlighting a relatively marginalized group in Belgian Migration Studies, is focusing on the postcolonial stakes of the Congolese presence in Belgium. The authors take different viewpoints to explore the place of the Congolese in the former metropole and the forms of marginalization they face. The everyday life, the state regulations and the dynamics of identity are then various lens to bring to light the racial logics at work in the Belgian multiculturalism.
Effects of Turbulent Mixing on the Structure and Macroscopic Properties of Stratocumulus Clouds Demonstrated by a Lagrangian Trajectory Model
Authors: Magaritz-Ronen L. , Pinsky M. , Khain A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The role of turbulent mixing in the formation of the structure of stratocumulus clouds is investigated using a Lagrangian–Eulerian parcel cloud model. The model contains approximately 2000–5000 adjacent parcels with the linear size of 25–40 m, moving with a turbulent-like velocity field with observed energetic and statistical properties. The process of turbulent mixing of Lagrangian parcels is parameterized using the k-epsilon theory extended to the case of mixing nonconservative values. The model includes the interaction of cloud and the overlying inversion layer. The stratocumulus clouds observed during flight RF01 of the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of the Marine Stratocumulus field study (DYCOMS II) are simulated.
Effects of turbulent mixing are analyzed by comparing simulations with and without mixing. When mixing between parcels is included, the thermodynamical and microphysical structure of the measured stratocumulus clouds is properly reproduced. Mixing leads to a more uniform cloud structure with well-defined borders. Good agreement is found between Paluch diagrams calculated in the model and those reproduced from measurements. The radius of correlation of liquid water content and other variables calculated in the model is on the order of several hundred meters and agrees well with observations. When mixing is not included, the radius of correlation is on the scale of a single parcel and the cloud layer contains dry entrained parcels, making the microphysical structure unrealistic. It is also shown that turbulent mixing leads to an increase in the effective radius and facilitates and accelerates drizzle formation. The time in which a 40-m air parcel preserves its identification is estimated from the results and is found to be on the order of 25 min.
Decadal Evolution of Ocean Thermal Anomalies in the North Atlantic: The Effects of Ekman, Overturning, and Horizontal Transport
Authors: Williams Richard G. , Roussenov Vassil , Smith Doug , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Basin-scale thermal anomalies in the North Atlantic, extending to depths of 1–2 km, are more pronounced than the background warming over the last 60 years. A dynamical analysis based on reanalyses of historical data from 1965 to 2000 suggests that these thermal anomalies are formed by ocean heat convergences, augmented by the poorly known air–sea fluxes. The heat convergence is separated into contributions from the horizontal circulation and the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), the latter further separated into Ekman and MOC transport minus Ekman transport (MOC-Ekman) cells. The subtropical thermal anomalies are mainly controlled by wind-induced changes in the Ekman heat convergence, while the subpolar thermal anomalies are controlled by the MOC-Ekman heat convergence; the horizontal heat convergence is generally weaker, only becoming significant within the subpolar gyre. These thermal anomalies often have an opposing sign between the subtropical and subpolar gyres, associated with opposing changes in the meridional volume transport driving the Ekman and MOC-Ekman heat convergences. These changes in gyre-scale convergences in heat transport are probably induced by the winds, as they correlate with the zonal wind stress at gyre boundaries.
On Spectral Analysis of Mesoscale Eddies. Part I: Linear Analysis
Authors: Berloff P. , Kamenkovich I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study aims to understand the ocean’s circulation, which is characterized by the presence of multiple alternating zonal jets and transient mesoscale eddies, by systematic analysis of the underlying linear dynamics of this system. For this purpose, properties of the linear normal modes such as growth rates, dispersion, spatial structure, and nonlinear self-interactions are explored for a hierarchy of idealized, vertically, and horizontally sheared flows with increasing complexity. The authors find that large-scale background vertical shear, alternating multiple zonal jets, bottom friction, and the Reynolds number have important effects on these modes. This study hypothesizes that when these effects are taken into account, the linear results can be used to predict many properties of nonlinear mesoscale eddies. This hypothesis is confirmed in Part II of this paper.
On Spectral Analysis of Mesoscale Eddies. Part II: Nonlinear Analysis
Authors: Berloff P. , Kamenkovich I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Several turbulent flow regimes of an idealized ocean circulation model are systematically analyzed in physical and spectral domains. Zonal dispersion properties of transient mesoscale eddies are described by the zonal wavenumber/temporal frequency spectra. The eddy patterns and the corresponding nonlinear eddy forcing exerted on the jets are examined by filtering different parts of the spectra. Comparison of the outcome of this nonlinear analysis with the properties of the linearized solutions (obtained in Part I of this paper) demonstrates that a very substantial part of the flow dynamics is controlled by the underlying linear dynamics. This result supports the hypothesis that it is possible to describe most of the oceanic mesoscale eddies as a wave turbulence phenomenon.
A Climatological Baseline for Assessing the Skill of Tropical Cyclone Phase Forecasts
Authors: Aberson Sim D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A simple linear discriminant analysis scheme using climatological predictors is derived for the Atlantic basin as a no-skill baseline for operational phase forecasts from the National Hurricane Center (NHC). The model with independent data correctly classifies 80% of the cases at 12 h, and this value decreases to about 45% by 60 h, remaining steady thereafter. Using the same cases, NHC-issued phase predictions were more frequently accurate than the baseline, so their forecasts are said to have skill.
Explanatory models of somatoform disorder patients attending a psychiatry outpatient clinic: A study from North India
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Aneja Jitender , Sharma Akhilesh , Malhotra Rama , Varma Sannidhya , Basu Debasish , Avasthi Ajit 
Published: September 2013

Background: The symptoms of somatoform disorders are very distressing to the sufferer as well as pose significant burden on the health-care delivery system. Although the nature of symptoms is physical, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the explanatory models of patients with somatoform disorders presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Method: A total of 99 consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) with diagnosis of somatoform disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases–10th Revision (ICD-10) were evaluated for their explanatory models using the causal models section of Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). Results: The mean age of the study sample was 36.52 years, and the mean duration of illness was 59.39 ± 57.68 months. The most common clinical diagnosis was that of persistent somatoform pain disorder. The most common explanations given belonged to the category of psychological factors (68.7%) followed by weakness (67.7%), social causes (51%) and karma–deed–heredity (53.5%) category. The mean number of etiological categories reported were 2.6 (standard deviation ( SD) = 1.7). Among the various specific causes, the commonly reported explanations by one half of the sample in decreasing order were general weakness (63.6%), mind–thoughts–worry category (59.6%) and loneliness (53.5%). The mean number of specific etiologies was 4.9 ( SD = 3.83). Conclusion: Most of the patients with somatoform disorder attribute their symptoms to psychological factors. It also becomes imperative to understand the physical symptoms in somatoform disorders from the sociocultural aspects of patients.
Impact of personality temperaments and characters on academic performance and specialty selection among a group of Egyptian medical graduates
Authors: El Sheikh Mona M , Shaker Nermin M , Hussein Hanan , Ramy Hisham A 
Published: September 2013

Background: The relationship between personality temperaments, academic achievement and specialty interest is important because of its implications in career counseling. Aim: To assess the effect of personality on academic performance and career selection and to study the impact of some sociodemographic factors on academic achievement and career choice of medical graduates. Methodology: A total of 436 medical graduates of Ain Shams medical school were approached, out of which 331 participated. They were given a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised (TCI-R; 240) for personality construct; they had to answer questions about academic achievement, ranking, scores and choice of medical specialty. Results: Novelty seeking (NS1, NS2 and NS3) and self-transcendence (ST1 and ST2) were correlated with graduation ranking, ( r = .2, p = .00; r = .15, p = .009; r = .16, p = .005; r = .12, p = .003; r = .14, p = .02; r = .17, p = .004; r = .13, p = .03, respectively), that is, lower NS and ST had better academic outcome. Only high school score was associated with better achievement ( p = .00). In specialty selection, females were significantly overrepresented in pediatrics and clinical pathology, whereas males were significantly predominating surgical specialties except for obstetrics and gynecology ( p = .00). Students choosing patient-centered specialties had higher reward dependence (RD), persistence (PS) and cooperativeness (C); those choosing clinical pathology had highest harm avoidance (HA), whereas those choosing radiology had lowest HA and those choosing surgery had significantly higher self-directedness (SD3). Conclusion: Personality impacts academic achievement and specialty choice with other factors as gender and previous scholastic performance.
Tés, Licuados, and Cápsulas
Authors: Amirehsani Karen A. , Wallace Debra C. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose The purpose of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to explore the characteristics of herbal remedy use for diabetes among Latinos/Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Methods A convenience sample of 75 Latino/Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes was recruited from community-based settings in North Carolina. Data were collected through face-to-face bilingual interviews. Measures included a demographic questionnaire; the Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Practices Questionnaire; and biophysical indicators of A1C and body mass index. Results Sixty-nine percent of the sample reported using herbal remedies for diabetes self-care. Forty-nine herbal products were identified. The most commonly reported products were prickly pear cactus, aloe vera, celery, and chayote. The perceived effectiveness of products varied; some said they helped “a lot” while others noted the development of side effects. Over three quarters (77%) of persons using herbal remedies reported concurrent use with prescribed medications. Also, some participants reported skipping or altering the dose of diabetes medications when using herbal remedies. Most (77%) reported not disclosing herbal remedy use to health care providers. Conclusions Diabetes educators and other health care providers need to ask Latino/Hispanic clients about their use of herbal remedies and become knowledgeable about herbal products to provide advice about safety.