bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Reactions of [(η5‐C5R5)Re(CO)3] (R = Me or H) with Aryl Halides in Benzene: Stoichiometric Formation of Biphenyl
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Huang Xinwei , Hao Xiaoting 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhotolysis of [Cp*Re(CO)3] (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5) with bromobenzene or chlorobenzene in benzene results in biphenyl and the corresponding rhenium hydride halide complex trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2H(X)], which further converts into the dihalide complexes cis/trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2X2] (X = Br, Cl). Additional experiments, including isotopic labeling experiments, indicate that one phenyl ring in biphenyl comes from the aryl halide and the other one comes from solvent benzene. Photolysis of [CpRe(CO)3] (Cp = η5‐C5H5) with aryl halide in benzene similarly generates biphenyl, the corresponding rhenium hydride halide complex. Furthermore, the reaction also affords small amounts of rhenium dihydride complex [CpRe(CO)2H2]. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of the different types of products are proposed that involve intermolecular C–X and C–H activation. Molecular structures of trans‐[Cp*Re(CO)2(Br)(Cl)] (trans‐6) and trans‐[CpRe(CO)2(Br)(Cl)] (trans‐12) determined by X‐ray diffraction are also presented.
Comparison of catabolic rates of 13C‐labeled palmitic acid bound to the alpha and beta positions of triacylglycerol using CO2 expired from mice
Authors: Beppu Fumiaki , Konno Kaoru , Kawamatsu Takashi , Nagai Toshiharu , Yoshinaga Kazuaki , Mizobe Hoyo , Kojima Koichi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Gotoh Naohiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the catabolic rate of 13C‐labeled palmitic acid (*P) bound to α (sn‐1) or β (sn‐2) position of triacylglycerol (TAG) using isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. Specifically, we measured the 13C‐to‐12C ratio in CO2 expired from mice. After 30–75 min, *P bound to the α position was catabolized faster than that bound to the β position. Thereafter, the catabolic rate of *P bound to the β position increased and surpassed that bound to the α position. This indicated that binding position affected the catabolic rate of *P, possibly due to the different specificities of pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase. Next, we measured the catabolic rate of *P bound to TAG in combination with one of three unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, or α‐linolenic acid). When *P was bound to the β position and Ln was bound to the α position, the catabolism of TAG was significantly higher than for other TAGs. This result suggests that fatty acid structure might affect the catabolism of counterpart fatty acids in TAG.Practical applications: Binding position to TAG affects fatty acid catabolism. The fatty acid desired to change to energy such as saturated fatty acid should be bound to the β position of TAG. In contrast, fatty acid desired to accumulate in our body such as polyunsaturated fatty acid should be bound at the α position of TAG because catabolism does not continue for a long time even though the fatty acid is catabolized quickly at first period. Our results can be applied to the design of structured lipid used for enteral nutrients, enteric nutrient, sports nutrients, etc.Comparisons of Δ13C from 13C‐labeled CO2 expired from mice that were administered emulsified triacylglycerol bound to 13C‐labeled palmitic acid (*P) at the α or β position of triacylglycerol. Fatty‐acid binding position affects the catabolic rate of fatty acids. (A): 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐O*PO) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐dioleoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐OO*P), (B): 1,3‐dilinoleoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐L*PL) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐dilinoleoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐LL*P), (C): 1,3‐diα‐linolenoyl‐2‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐Ln*PLn) vs. 1,2(2,3)‐diα‐linolenoyl‐3(1)‐[1‐13C]‐palmitoyl glycerol (β‐LnLn*P).
Lower expression of Nrdp1 in human glioma contributes tumor progression by reducing apoptosis
Authors: Shi Hengliang , Du Jin , Wang Lei , Zheng Bao , Gong Hui , Wu Yuxuan , Tang Yuan , Gao Yong , Yu Rutong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUbiquitin ligase Nrdp1 (neuregulin receptor degradation protein 1) plays important roles in multiple physiological process because it can ubiquitinate various substrates such as ErbB3, BRUCE, MyD88, C/EBPβ, and Parkin, and so forth. In addition to the physiological function, it was also found to be involved in tumor progression. It has been shown that loss of Nrdp1 enhances breast cancer cell growth. Up to now, the role of Nrdp1 in glioma has not been elucidated. Here, we reported that Nrdp1 as well as cleaved caspase 3 was lower expressed in human glioma tissues comparing with the nontumorous. And then we found that the expression of Nrdp1 and cleaved caspase 3 was increased in the treatment of Temozolomide (TMZ), a drug for glioma chemotherapy. Further investigation indicated that transient transfection of Nrdp1 significantly promoted cell apoptosis by aggravating the degradation of BRUCE and activation of caspase 3. In addition, overexpression of Nrdp1 augmented TMZ induced apoptosis by evaluating the degradation of BRUCE and the activation of caspase 3, while silencing of Nrdp1 reduced the sensitivity to the TMZ by inhibiting the degradation of BRUCE and the activation of caspase 3 in human glioma cells. These observations show that Nrdp1 is a pro‐apoptotic protein in human glioma and lower expression of Nrdp1 in human glioma may promote tumor progression by reducing apoptosis, suggesting that Nrdp1 may be an important regulator in the development of human glioma. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):704–710, 2014
The Na+/H+ exchanger and pH regulation in the heart
Authors: Odunewu‐Aderibigbe Ayodeji , Fliegel Larry 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is an integral membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. It is made up of two domains: a 500‐amino acid membrane domain that is responsible for transport and removes protons, and a regulatory intracellular cytosolic domain made up of 315 amino acids. NHE1 is the major isoform found in the myocardium where it plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH by exchanging one intracellular proton for one extracellular sodium. Although NHE1 normally fulfills this important physiological role, aberrant regulation and overactivation of NHE1 contribute to heart disease, including acute ischemia reperfusion damage and cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes past and current knowledge of the role and regulation of NHE1 in the myocardium. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):679–685, 2014
Reading Don't Fix No Chevys (Yet!)
Authors: Wilhelm Jeffrey D. , Smith Michael W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch establishes that boys underperform in literacy relative to girls. If boys are to be successful on the assessments designed to measure achievement on the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and if they are to become lifelong readers, they must be motivated to embrace instruction designed both to prepare them for success and to experience the pleasure and power of reading. Unfortunately, the authors of the standards have been advocating instruction that is radically at odds with what we have learned about what motivates young men. In this commentary we'll review the key findings of our Chevys study, supplementing the work we did there with one of our more recent projects, examine how what we found stacks up against the instructional ideas being proffered by David Coleman and other authors of the CCSS, and suggest alternative approaches to achieving the CCSS that are more in‐line with what we've learned.
Leading Ourselves (Tweets Optional)
Authors: Kist William , Tollafield Karen Andrus , Dagistan Murat 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper describes an analysis of 21 adolescent literacy leaders' tweets over a total of four days. Coding of the tweets revealed that professional educators were tweeting about personal matters nearly as much as they are tweeting about educational matters. These tweeters also suggested resources, sent reports from events such as conferences, and made queries about classroom instruction. Documentation of the project includes a breakdown of tweeted topics by percentage. Implications for educators who want to develop Personal Learning Networks (PLN) are discussed.
Relationships within inpatient physician housestaff teams and their association with hospitalized patient outcomes
Authors: McAllister Caitlin , Leykum Luci K. , Lanham Holly , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Kohn Jamie L. , Palmer Ray , Pezzia Carla , Agar Michael , Parchman Michael , Pugh Jacqueline , McDaniel Reuben R. 
Published: October 2014

IMPORTANCEImproving inpatient care delivery has historically focused on improving individual components of the system. Applying the complexity science framework to clinical systems highlights the important role of relationships among providers in influencing system function and clinical outcomes.OBJECTIVETo understand whether inpatient medical physician teams can be differentiated based on the relationships among team members, and whether these relationships are associated with patient outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), unnecessary length of stay (ULOS), and complication rates.DESIGNEleven inpatient medicine teams were observed daily during attending rounds for 2‐ to 4‐week periods from September 2008 through June 2011. Detailed field notes were taken regarding patient care activities, team behaviors, and patient characteristics and outcomes. Behaviors were categorized using the Lanham relationship framework, giving each team a relationship score. We used factor analysis to assess the pattern of relationship characteristics and assessed the association between relationship characteristics and patient outcomes.SETTINGObservations occurred at the Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital and University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas.PARTICIPANTSPhysicians were chosen based on rotation schedules, experience, and time of year. Patients were included based on their admission to the inpatient medicine teams that were being observed.MAIN MEASURESRelationship scores were based on the presence or absence of 7 relationship characteristics. LOS, ULOS, and complication rates were assessed based on team discussions and chart review. The association between relationships and outcomes was assessed using the Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum test.RESULTSWe observed 11 teams over 352.9 hours, observing 1941 discussions of 576 individual patients. Teams exhibited a range of 0 to 7 relationship characteristics. Relationship scores were significantly associated with complication rates, and presence of trust and mindfulness among teams was significantly associated with ULOS and complication rates.CONCLUSIONSOur findings are an important step in understanding the impact of relationships on the outcomes of hospitalized medical patients. This understanding could expand the scope of interventions to improve hospital care to include not only process improvement but also relationships among providers. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:764–771. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Changes in olive oil volatile organic compounds induced by water status and light environment in canopies of Olea europaea L. trees
Authors: Benelli Giovanni , Caruso Giovanni , Giunti Giulia , Cuzzola Angela , Saba Alessandro , Raffaelli Andrea , Gucci Riccardo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDLight and water are major factors in fruit development and quality. In this study, the effect of water and light in Olea europaea trees on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in olive oil was studied over 2 years. Mature fruits were harvested from three zones of the canopy with different light exposure (64%, 42% and 30% of incident light) of trees subjected to full, deficit or complementary irrigation. VOCs were determined by SPME GC‐MS and analysed by principal component analysis followed by discriminant analysis to partition treatment effects.RESULTSFruit fresh weight and mesocarp oil content decreased in zones where intercepted light was less. Low light levels significantly slowed down fruit maturation, whereas conditions of water deficit accelerated the maturation process. The presence of cyclosativene and α‐muurulene was associated with water deficit, nonanal, valencene with full irrigation; α‐muurulene, (E)‐2‐hexanal were related to low light conditions, while trans‐β‐ocimene, α‐copaene, (Z)‐2‐penten‐1‐ol, hexanal and nonanal to well exposed zones. The year strongly affected the VOC profile of olive oil.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report on qualitative changes in VOCs induced by light environment and/or water status. This information is valuable to better understand the role of environmental factors on the sensory quality of virgin olive oil. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Zirconium‐Allyl Complexes as Resting States in Zirconocene‐Catalyzed α‐Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Panchenko Valentina N. , Babushkin Dmitrii E. , Brintzinger Hans H. 
Published: October 2014

UV‐vis spectroscopic data indicate that zirconocene cations with Zr‐bound allylic chain ends are generally formed during olefin polymerization with zirconocene catalysts. The rates and extent of their formation and of their re‐conversion to the initial pre‐catalyst cations depend on the types of zirconocene complexes and activators used.
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Exploring the bandwidth limits of ZTE imaging: Spatial response, out‐of‐band signals, and noise propagation
Authors: Weiger Markus , Brunner David O. , Tabbert Martin , Pavan Matteo , Schmid Thomas , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeZero echo time (ZTE) imaging with single‐pulse excitation is a fast, robust, and silent three‐dimensional (3D) method for MRI of short T2 tissues. In this technique, algebraic reconstruction serves to fill gaps in the center of k‐space due to finite acquisition dead time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of this operation on depiction characteristics, noise behavior, and achievable bandwidth.MethodsThe spatial response function (SRF) and noise covariance resulting from ZTE reconstruction were studied using formal analysis, simulations, and phantom experiments.ResultsThree prominent limiting phenomena were identified: SRF behavior within the field of view, heightened sensitivity to out‐of‐band signal sources, and noise amplification. The related errors all appear as image distortions of low spatial frequency and are strongly attenuated upon the transition from one‐dimensional projections to 3D image data. Relying on these observations, ZTE imaging was accomplished with a previously unreached gap size, permitting the depiction of a solid sample with T2 ≈ 25 µs at a bandwidth of 500 kHz.ConclusionThe tightest bandwidth limits in ZTE arise from background signal and radiofrequency (RF) switching transients. Significant advances in ZTE performance will be afforded by faster transmit‐receive (T/R) switching with negligible transients and RF coils free of background signal. Magn Reson Med 74:1236–1247, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of ovariectomy on urethral continence mechanisms during sneeze reflex in middle‐aged versus young adult rats
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Yoshikawa Satoru , Kawamorita Naoki , de Groat William C. , Nonomura Katsuya , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: October 2014

AimsStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in post‐menopausal women. The present study therefore examined how aging and estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy (OVX) affect the urethral continence mechanism that prevents sneeze‐induced SUI in rats.MethodsYoung (3 months old) and middle‐aged (12 months old) female rats underwent bilateral OVX or sham operation. Urethral activity was measured by the amplitude of urethral responses during sneezing (A‐URS) and urethral baseline pressure (UBP). Apoptotic changes in urethral tissue sections were examined by the TUNEL method.ResultsIn middle‐aged rats, UBP, but not A‐URS, was significantly decreased compared to young rats. In 3‐week OVX rats, A‐URS was significantly decreased compared to sham rats in both young and middle‐aged groups, and the OVX‐induced reduction in A‐URS was more pronounced in middle‐aged rats. Neither young 3‐week OVX nor sham rats leaked during sneezing; however, SUI occurred in 2/8 middle‐aged rats with 3‐week OVX, and after 6 weeks of OVX, SUI was observed in 5/8 young rats and 6/8 middle‐aged rats. In middle‐aged rats, TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased in urethral striated muscles whereas, after OVX, the increased number of positive cells was also found in the mucosa.ConclusionsThese results indicate that aging is more likely to impair baseline urethral function than striated muscle‐mediated reflex activity although apoptotic changes are found in urethral striated muscle. Estrogen deficiency additionally impairs the striated muscle‐mediated continence reflex. Thus, aging and estrogen deficiency differently and additively affect baseline urethral function and neurally‐evoked, striated muscle‐mediated urethral continence mechanisms to induce SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:122–127, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectral responsivity measurements of DSSC devices at low chopping frequency (1 Hz)
Authors: Bardizza Giorgio , Pavanello Diego , Müllejans Harald , Sample Tony 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally known to possess a slow response time for photocurrent generation by incident light. Electrical power measurements can only be accurately made if sufficient time is allowed to complete photocurrent generation, in contrast to the case of c‐Si solar cells. There are two methods which can satisfactorily measure the spectral responsivity (SR) of DSSCs, i.e. the “AC method” and “DC method”. Of these two, the AC method in the IEC 60904‐8 standard is the normal procedure for SR measurement of solar cells. A new setup implemented at ESTI for the SR measurement of DSSCs is presented, making use of a low frequency (≤1 Hz) chopped monochromatic beam produced from a continuous broadband light source with band‐pass filters and lock‐in technique for measurements of the signals. The beam is projected onto the device under test (DUT) and superimposed over continuous white bias light. The procedure for the determination of the absolute SR is presented, and the influence of the slow response for photocurrent generation typical of DSSC devices is investigated. The results obtained with the new setup for standard c‐Si solar cells and DSSCs are reported and discussed, providing a validation of the system. © 2014 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of the Strength of Energetic Materials Using the Condensed and Gas Phase Heats of Formation
Authors: Kamalvand Mohammad , Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Jafari Mohammad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe strength of energetic materials is one of the principal parameters to express their performance. Two new methods were introduced for the prediction of the strength of CaHbNcOd energetic materials through the Trauzl test. They are based on elemental composition and the condensed or gas phase heats of formation of energetic compounds. The model is based on the gas phase heat of formation, uses the group additivity method and requires only the molecular structure of the desired energetic compound. These methods provide more reliable predictions as compared to the best available theoretical methods. Some of the benefits of these new models are their accuracy, precision, simplicity, and low price.
Carcinogenic potential of metal nanoparticles in BALB/3T3 cell transformation assay
Authors: Sighinolfi G. L. , Artoni E. , Gatti A. M. , Corsi L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMetal‐based nanoparticles (NPs), are currently used in many application fields including consumer products, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical treatments. In spite to their wide applications, an in‐depth study of their potential toxic effects is still lacking. The aim of the present research was to investigate the potential initiator or promoter‐like activity of different metallic NPs such as gold, iron, cobalt, and cerium using the Balb/3T3 two‐stage transformation assay. The results indicated that all the selected metallic NPs, except for cobalt, when used as initiators did not induce any transformation in Balb/3T3 cell line. Moreover, Au and Fe3O4 NPs, when used in place of the tumor promoter treatment TPA, increased significantly the number of Foci/dish as compared to the MCA treatment alone. The number of Foci/dish was 2.6 for Au NPs and 2.13 for Fe3O4 ones, similar to those obtained by the positive control treatment (MCA + TPA), whereas 1.27 for MCA treatment alone. On the contrary, CeO2 NPs did not show any difference in the number of Foci/dish, as compared to MCA alone, but it decreased the number of foci by 65% in comparison to the positive control (MCA + TPA). As expected, cobalt NPs showed an increased cytotoxicity and only a few surviving cells were found at the time of analysis showing a number of Foci/dish of 0.13. For the first time, our data clearly showed that Au and Fe3O4 NPs act as promoters in the two stage transformational assay, suggesting the importance to fully investigate the NPs carcinogenic potential with different models. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 509–519, 2016.
Search and Rescue Response to a Large-Scale Rockfall Disaster
Authors: Procter Emily , Strapazzon Giacomo , Balkenhol Karla , Fop Ernst , Faggionato Alessandro , Mayr Karl , Falk Markus , Brugger Hermann 
Published: October 2014

Objective To describe the prehospital management and safety of search and rescue (SAR) teams involved in a large-scale rockfall disaster and monitor the acute and chronic health effects on personnel with severe dolomitic dust exposure. Methods SAR personnel underwent on-site medical screening and lung function testing 3 months and 3 years after the event. Results The emergency dispatch center was responsible for central coordination of resources. One hundred fifty SAR members from multidisciplinary air- and ground-based teams as well as geotechnical experts were dispatched to a provisionary operation center. Acute exposure to dolomite dust with detectable silicon and magnesium concentrations was not associated with (sub)acute or chronic sequelae or a clinically significant impairment in lung function in exposed personnel. Conclusions The risk for personnel involved in mountain SAR operations is rarely reported and not easily investigated or quantified. This case exemplifies the importance of a multiskilled team and additional considerations for prehospital management during natural hazard events. Safety plans should include compulsory protective measures and medical monitoring of personnel.