bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat processing on selected grain amaranth physicochemical properties
Authors: Muyonga John H. , Andabati Brian , Ssepuuya Geoffrey 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGrain amaranth is a pseudocereal with unique agricultural, nutritional, and functional properties. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of different heat‐processing methods on physicochemical and nutraceutical properties in two main grain amaranth species, of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. and Amaranthus cruentus L. Grains were prepared by roasting and popping, milled and analyzed for changes in in vitro protein digestibility, gruel viscosity, pasting characteristics, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, and total phenolics. In vitro protein digestibility was determined using the pepsin‐pancreatin enzyme system. Viscosity and pasting characteristics of samples were determined using a Brookfield Viscometer and a Rapid Visco Analyzer, respectively. The grain methanol extracts were analysed for phenolics using spectrophotometry while antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) method. Heat treatment led to a reduction in protein digestibility, the effect being higher in popped than in roasted samples. Viscosities for roasted grain amaranth gruels were significantly higher than those obtained from raw and popped grain amaranth gruels. The results for pasting properties were consistent with the results for viscosity. In both A. hypochondriacus L. and A. cruentus L., the order of the viscosity values was roasted>raw>popped. The viscosities were also generally lower for A. cruentus L. compared to A. hypochondriacus L. Raw samples for both A. hypochondriacus L. and A. cruentus L. did not significantly differ in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant activity values. Thermal processing led to an increase in TFC and antioxidant activity. However, TPC of heat‐processed samples remained unchanged. From the results, it can be concluded that heat treatment enhances antioxidant activity of grain amaranth and causes rheological changes dependent on the nature of heat treatment.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides and Sulfonyl Azides from Thiols using Chloramine‐T
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Hemmati Saba , Tayebee Reza , Salemi Sirous , Farokhzad Yasaman , Baghayeri Mehdi , Zonoz Farrokhzad Mohammadi , Akbarzadeh Elahe , Moradi Rohollah , Entezari Azam , Abdi Mohammad Reza , Ashrafi Samaneh Sedigh , Taimazi Fereshteh , Hashemi Majid 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA convenient synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols was accomplished by oxidation with chloramine‐T (=N‐chlorotosylamide=N‐chloro‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide), tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl), and H2O. The sulfonyl chlorides were then further allowed to react with excess amine or NaN3 in the same pot.
Lanostane Triterpenes from Ceriporia lacerate HS‐ZJUT‐C13A, a Fungal Endophyte of Huperzia serrata
Authors: Ying You‐Min , Shan Wei‐Guang , Zhang Li‐Wen , Chen Yan , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo new lanostane triterpenes, 3β‐acetoxy‐15α‐hydroxylanosta‐8,24‐dien‐21‐oic acid (1) and 3β‐acetoxylanosta‐7,9(11),24‐trien‐21‐oic acid (2), along with the four known analogs, 3–6, were isolated from the culture broth of Ceriporia lacerate HS‐ZJUT‐C13A, a fungal endophyte residing in the stems of the traditional Chinese herb Huperzia serrata. The structures of the new compounds 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on triterpene metabolites from the genus Ceriporia.
First Synthesis of Ferrocenyl‐Substituted 1,2‐Dihydro‐2‐oxopyridine‐3‐carbonitriles
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li Yang , Gao Wentao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the present investigation, the first incorporation of both ferrocene scaffold and 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxopyridine‐3‐carbonitrile pharmacophore leading to a series of structurally novel ferrocene‐based hybrids has been achieved, involving the condensation reaction of ferrocenyl substituted chalcones with 2‐cyanoacetamide in a freshly prepared EtONa solution at 70°. The molecular structures of these newly synthesized products were confirmed by IR, and 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR analyses.
A Novel Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Hua , Shi Lan‐Xiang , Guo Rui‐Xia 
Published: November 2013

Abstractα,β‐Unsaturated aldehydes reacted with diimide (diazene) in the presence of optically active ammonium salt 1 as a catalyst to give the corresponding saturated aldehydes in excellent yields and up to 98 : 2 er. Attractive features of the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation are its high yields, and chemo‐, and enantioselectivities.
Studies towards the Synthesis of Alkyl N‐(4‐Nitrophenyl)‐3/2‐oxomorpholine‐2/3‐carboxylates
Authors: Trstenjak Uroš , Ilaš Janez , Kikelj Danijel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe syntheses of methyl 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐oxomorpholine‐2‐carboxylate (3a) and ethyl 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐oxomorpholine‐3‐carboxylate (5b), important building blocks for the synthesis of factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban analogs with potential dual antithrombotic activity, via Rh2(OAc)4‐catalyzed OH and NH carbene insertion reactions are described.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Hexahelicenes
Authors: Schwertel Manfred , Hillmann Sabine , Meier Herbert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractC2‐Symmetric hexahelicenes 3a–3g, which bear four or six alkoxy chains, were prepared in eight‐to‐nine reaction steps in high overall yields. The final step consisted of a twofold oxidative photocyclization of the corresponding 2,7‐bis(2‐phenylethenyl)naphthalenes. Long (and branched) chains provide a good solubility and processability, which is a prerequisite for applications in organic synthesis and materials science.
Synthesis of N,N‐Dialkyl‐9‐oxoacridine‐10(9H)‐carbothioamides via the Reaction of (2‐Halophenyl)(2‐isothiocyanatophenyl)methanones with Secondary Amines, Followed by Cyclization with NaH
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nakagawa Kazuhiro , Yuba Shohei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe first preparation of acridin‐9(10H)‐ones carrying a tertiary thiocarbamoyl group at C(10), i.e., N,N‐dialkyl‐9‐oxoacridine‐10(9H)‐carbothioamides 9, is described. The method is based on the reaction of (2‐halophenyl)(2‐isothiocyanatophenyl)methanones 7, prepared from (2‐aminophenyl)(2‐halophenyl)methanones 5 by a convenient three‐step sequence, with secondary amines in DMF at room temperature to generate the corresponding thiourea derivatives 8 in situ, which are treated with NaH at 100–120° to provide the desired products in one‐pot reactions in generally good yields.
Comet assay reveals no genotoxicity risk of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Doktorovova Slavomira , Silva Amélia M. , Gaivão Isabel , Souto Eliana B. , Teixeira João P. , Martins‐Lopes Paula 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLN) are colloidal carriers for genes or drugs, particularly lipophilic drugs. Several reports exist on their high efficiency, but only a few studies report the effect of cSLNs on living cells. In the present work, internalization, cell viability (alamar blue assay) and genotoxic potential (alkaline comet assay) of three cSLN formulations (A–C) were evaluated in HepG2 and Caco‐2 cells. cSLN showed an average hydrodynamic diameter (z‐ave) of 141–222 nm, zeta‐potential of 55.0–72.5 mV and polidispersity indices (PdI) of 0.336–0.421. Dispersion in physiological buffers increased z‐ave and PdI. 0.01 mg ml–1 cSLN unaffected cell viability, but 1.0 mg ml–1 significantly decreased it, being cSLN‐C (Compritol‐based) the most toxic and HepG2 the most affected. DNA damage was not significantly increased by 0.1 mg ml–1 cSLN but damage was observed at 1.0 mg ml–1 cSLN‐C. Thus, no genotoxicity is to be expected at concentrations that do not reduce cell viability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orchestrating Joint Sensemaking Across Government Levels: Challenges and Requirements for Crisis Leadership
Authors: Boin Arjen , Renaud Cynthia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMaking sense of a crisis is an important task for leaders at both the operational and strategic level. In the current article, we argue that there is a difference between sensemaking at the strategic and operational levels of a disaster response. An “appreciative gap” may emerge between the two levels as a result. Such a gap can cause stress and strife between the operational and strategic layers working on the same crisis event. Bridging the gap poses very specific demands on leadership at both the strategic and operational level.
Natural Disaster Preparedness in the Private Sector: A Model to Refrain from Isolation
Authors: Morrison James L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExecutive leadership operating in isolation may be a subliminal issue that has an impact upon how resources are allocated for preparing organizations to react to a sudden natural disaster. Two forms of isolation that are of particular interest are upper executive aloofness from management and an indifference to groups external to daily operations. Executive leadership may need to expand its attention to establishing a more inclusive strategy by engaging employees at all levels directly as well as those in leadership positions in organizations in both the public and nonprofit sectors.
Leadership in the Twitterverse
Authors: Ingerson Katharyn (Kati) , Bruce Jacklyn 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMillions of people, businesses, and organizations are using Twitter. Because of the connection Twitter offers, leadership is emerging through this social media outlet. However, in this time of instant connection, it is important to examine how business leaders are influencing their followers when it comes to tweeting. The purpose of the current study was to discover what business leaders are tweeting about. In order to develop an understanding of the content of the tweets from the top four business leaders on Twitter, the researchers completed a content analysis.
T1 bias in chemical shift‐encoded liver fat‐fraction: Role of the flip angle
Authors: Kühn Jens‐Peter , Jahn Christina , Hernando Diego , Siegmund Werner , Hadlich Stefan , Mayerle Julia , Pfannmöller Jörg , Langner Sonke , Reeder Scott 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo investigate flip angle (FA)‐dependent T1 bias in chemical shift‐encoded fat‐fraction (FF) and to evaluate a strategy for correcting this bias to achieve accurate MRI‐based estimates of liver fat with optimized signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).Materials and MethodsThirty‐three obese patients, 14 men/19 women, aged 57.3 ± 13.9 years underwent 3 Tesla (T) liver MRI including MR‐spectroscopy and four three‐echo‐complex chemical shift‐encoded MRI sequences using different FAs (1°/3°/10°/20°). FF was estimated with R2* correction and multi‐peak fat spectral modeling. The FF for each FA with and without T1 correction was compared with spectroscopy as a reference standard, using linear regression. Relative SNR of the magnitude data were assessed for each flip angle.ResultsThe correlation between chemical shift‐encoded MRI and spectroscopy was high (R2 &asymp; 0.9). Without T1 correction, the agreement of both techniques showed no significant differences in slope (PFlipAngle1° = 0.385/PFlipAngle3° = 0.289) using low FA. High FA resulted in significant different slopes (PFlipAngle10° = 0.016/PFlipAngle20° = 0.014. T1 bias was successfully corrected using the T1 correction strategy (slope:PFlipAngle10° = 0.387/PFlipAngle20° = 0.440). Additionally, the use of high FA (near the Ernst angle) improved the SNR of the magnitude data (FA1 vs. FA3; respectively FA1 vs. FA10 P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionT1 bias is a strong confounder in the assessment of liver fat using chemical shift imaging with high FA. However, using a larger flip angle with T1 correction leads to higher SNR, and residual error after T1 correction is very small. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:875–883. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomic segmentation improves prostate cancer detection with artificial neural networks analysis of1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Matulewicz Lukasz , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Bokacheva Louisa , Vargas Hebert Alberto , Akin Oguz , Fine Samson W. , Shukla‐Dave Amita , Eastham James A. , Hricak Hedvig , Koutcher Jason A. , Zakian Kristen L. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo assess whether an artificial neural network (ANN) model is a useful tool for automatic detection of cancerous voxels in the prostate from1H‐MRSI datasets and whether the addition of information about anatomical segmentation improves the detection of cancer.Materials and MethodsThe Institutional Review Board approved this HIPAA‐compliant study and waived informed consent. Eighteen men with prostate cancer (median age, 55 years; range, 36–71 years) who underwent endorectal MRI/MRSI before radical prostatectomy were included in this study. These patients had at least one cancer area on whole—mount histopathological map and at least one matching MRSI voxel suspicious for cancer detected. Two ANN models for automatic classification of MRSI voxels in the prostate were implemented and compared: model 1, which used only spectra as input, and model 2, which used the spectra plus information from anatomical segmentation. The models were trained, tested and validated using spectra from voxels that the spectroscopist had designated as cancer and that were verified on histopathological maps.ResultsAt ROC analysis, model 2 (AUC = 0.968) provided significantly better (P= 0.03) classification of cancerous voxels than did model 1 (AUC = 0.949).ConclusionAutomatic analysis of prostate MRSI to detect cancer using ANN model is feasible. Application of anatomical segmentation from MRI as an additional input to ANN improves the accuracy of detecting cancerous voxels from MRSI.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1414–1421. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of aortic stiffness using MR Elastography and its comparison to MRI‐based pulse wave velocity
Authors: Damughatla Anirudh R. , Raterman Brian , Sharkey‐Toppen Travis , Jin Ning , Simonetti Orlando P. , White Richard D. , Kolipaka Arunark 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo determine the correlation in abdominal aortic stiffness obtained using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) (μMRE) and MRI‐based pulse wave velocity (PWV) shear stiffness (μPWV) estimates in normal volunteers of varying age, and also to determine the correlation between μMRE and μPWV.Materials and MethodsIn vivo aortic MRE and MRI were performed on 21 healthy volunteers with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years to obtain wave and velocity data along the long axis of the abdominal aorta. The MRE wave images were analyzed to obtain mean stiffness and the phase contrast images were analyzed to obtain PWV measurements and indirectly estimate stiffness values from the Moens‐Korteweg equation.ResultsBoth μMRE and μPWV measurements increased with age, demonstrating linear correlations with R2 values of 0.81 and 0.67, respectively. Significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) in mean μMRE and μPWV between young and old healthy volunteers was also observed. Furthermore, a poor linear correlation of R2 value of 0.43 was determined between μMRE and μPWV in the initial pool of volunteers.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate linear correlations between μMRE and μPWV with normal aging of the abdominal aorta. Significant differences in mean μMRE and μPWV between young and old healthy volunteers were observed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:44–51. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisiting Mednick's Model on Creativity‐Related Differences in Associative Hierarchies. Evidence for a Common Path to Uncommon Thought
Authors: Benedek Mathias , Neubauer Aljoscha C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFifty years ago, Mednick [Psychological Review, 69 (1962) 220] proposed an elaborate model that aimed to explain how creative ideas are generated and why creative people are more likely to have creative ideas. The model assumes that creative people have flatter associative hierarchies and as a consequence can more fluently retrieve remote associative elements, which can be combined to form creative ideas. This study aimed at revisiting Mednick's model and providing an extensive test of its hypotheses. A continuous free association task was employed and association performance was compared between groups high and low in creativity, as defined by divergent thinking ability and self‐report measures. We found that associative hierarchies do not differ between low and high creative people, but creative people showed higher associative fluency and more uncommon responses. This suggests that creativity may not be related to a special organization of associative memory, but rather to a more effective way of accessing its contents. The findings add to the evidence associating creativity with highly adaptive executive functioning.
Scientific inquiry into rhinosinusitis: Who is receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health?
Authors: Folbe Adam J. , Svider Peter F. , Setzen Michael , Zuliani Giancarlo , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate National Institutes of Health (NIH) support for rhinosinusitis research and characterize the proportion of funding awarded to otolaryngologists.Study DesignAnalysis of the NIH RePORTER database.MethodsSpecialty and terminal‐degree of primary investigators (PIs) for 131 projects spanning 364 fiscal years (1989 to present) were determined. Awards for projects examining rhinosinusitis were organized by size, academic department, and PI scholarly impact (using h‐indices). Analysis of geographic and temporal funding trends was performed and organized by PI specialty.ResultsA total of 62.6% of projects were awarded to physicians, one‐third of whom were otolaryngologists. Allergists/immunologists had greater median awards than otolaryngologist PIs (P = .02), and pediatric‐trained PIs had a greater h‐index than otolaryngologist PIs (P = .04). Although year‐to‐year fluctuation was noted, otolaryngologists have received approximately a quarter of total rhinosinusitis funding since 2000. PIs practicing in the south‐Atlantic, east‐north‐central, and west‐north‐central states had the greatest funding totals, whereas otolaryngologists had a greater proportion of regional funding in the Pacific and east‐south‐central states than other regions.ConclusionsInquiry into the mechanisms underlying rhinosinusitis and optimal therapeutic strategies represents an interdisciplinary venture. PIs in medicine and pediatric departments had greater funding for rhinosinusitis projects than individuals in otolaryngology departments, partly because of greater utilization of PhD faculty. Otolaryngology departments may consider increased recruitment of basic scientists interested in rhinosinusitis as a means to facilitate increased scholarship in this area. Encouraging pursuit of funding opportunities is critical for otolaryngologists, as well‐funded practitioners may have greater opportunities to shape advances and serve as an advocate for their approaches.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 124:1301–1307, 2014
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation improves somatosensory function in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Aman Joshua E. , Abosch Aviva , Bebler Maggie , Lu Chia‐Hao , Konczak Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Mounting evidence suggests that PD is also associated with somatosensory deficits, yet the effect of STN‐DBS on somatosensory processing is largely unknown. This study investigated whether STN‐DBS affects somatosensory processing, specifically the processing of tactile and proprioceptive cues, by systematically examining the accuracy of haptic perception of object size. (Haptic perception refers to one's ability to extract object features such as shape and size by active touch.) Without vision, 13 PD patients with implanted STN‐DBS and 13 healthy controls haptically explored the heights of 2 successively presented 3‐dimensional (3D) blocks using a precision grip. Participants verbally indicated which block was taller and then used their nonprobing hand to motorically match the perceived size of the comparison block. Patients were tested duringONandOFFstimulation, following a 12‐hour medication washout period. First, when compared to controls, the PD group's haptic discrimination threshold duringOFFstimulation was elevated by 192% and mean hand aperture error was increased by 105%. Second, DBS lowered the haptic discrimination threshold by 26% and aperture error decreased by 20%. Third, during DBSON, probing with the motoricallymoreaffected hand decreased haptic precision compared to probing with thelessaffected hand. This study offers the first evidence that STN‐DBS improves haptic precision, further indicating that somatosensory function is improved by STN‐DBS. We conclude that DBS‐related improvements are not explained by improvements in motor function alone, but rather by enhanced somatosensory processing. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Smooth indirect adaptive sliding mode control
Authors: Teixeira Leonardo R.L. , Oliveira Josenalde B. , Araujo Aldayr D. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this paper, an indirect approach to the dual‐mode adaptive robust controller (DMARC) is proposed, which combines the typical transient and robustness properties of variable structure systems with a smooth control signal in steady state, typical of conventional adaptive controllers, as model reference adaptive controller. The aim of this indirect version, here named indirect DMARC, is to provide a more intuitive controller design, based on physical plant parameters, as resistances, inertia moments, capacitances, and so on, maintaining DMARC properties. In this paper, a stability analysis for the proposed controller and simulations to an unstable second‐order plant will be presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internet Inquiry
Authors: Kingsley Tara , Tancock Susan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article showcases the online research and comprehension competencies students will need to successfully engage with Internet Inquiry. The Common Core State Standards, the research on new literacies skills, and the future of technology‐based assessments require educators to fully take on the challenges of meaningfully embedding and supporting innovations in authentic, inquiry‐based learning with digital texts. This manuscript focuses on four fundamental competencies that are important for Internet inquiry tasks: 1) generate high‐quality inquiry topics, 2) effectively and efficiently search for information, 3) critically evaluate Internet resources, and 4) connect ideas across Internet texts. A rationale, what it looks like in the classroom, what scaffolds are needed to support and guide students to independence are provided for each competency.