bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High BMI is a specific risk factor for drug‐related mortality in patients receiving methadone: A case control study
Authors: Algahtani Thikra , Le Ruez Tom , Strang John , Morgan David , Smith Martin , Copeland Caroline S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and AimsLong‐term treatment of opioid dependence with the opioid agonist therapy (OAT) methadone can lead to significant weight gain. This study investigated whether OAT patients with a body mass index (BMI) deemed overweight (≥25) are at increased risk of mortality.MethodsA retrospective case–control study was performed with anonymised data collected from living and deceased persons registered as receiving OAT from Derbyshire or Teesside drug and alcohol services in the United Kingdom. Height, weight, age, gender, OAT type and dose, smoking status and postcode of usual address were collected. Cause of death was collected from deceased individuals. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using regression models.ResultsData were collected for 1574 living and 233 deceased individuals. Mean BMI of all individuals (25.75 ± 6.56) was above the threshold considered a healthy weight, and was higher in deceased (26.63 ± 7.87) than living individuals (25.61 ± 6.34; P < 0.05). A BMI of 30 corresponded to an average 7.7% increased risk of mortality, increasing to 37.2% for those with a BMI of 35 and 107.3% for those with a BMI of 40. Risk of death also increased by an average of 43.6% for those deemed underweight (BMI 15). People who were older (mean aOR = 1.019; 95% CI = 1.002–1.036), smoked (mean aOR = 2.917; 95% CI = 1.726–4.934) and lived in more deprived areas (mean aOR = 0.891; 95% CI = 0.831–0.956) were more likely to have died, as were those prescribed methadone (vs buprenorphine) (mean aOR = 1.916; 95% CI = 1.138–3.227). There was no significant effect of gender (mean aOR = 0.844; 95% CI = 0.612–1.162) or methadone dose (aOR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.988–1.001) on incidence of death. Acute drug toxicity was the predominant underlying cause of death for healthy and overweight people (46% of cases in both groups), with cancer (21% of cases) and infection (18% of cases) greater contributors to cause of death in underweight people.ConclusionsOpioid agonist therapy (OAT) patients with a body mass index outside of the ‘healthy’ range appear to have an increased risk of death compared with OAT patients within the 'healthy' range.
‘Tea and Thread: Our Happiness!’ Creative Methods and ‘Researching‐With’ Women from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds
Authors: Olivier Jéan‐Louise , Rezaie Hamidah , Najia Najia , Mee Kathleen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCreative methods offer caring ways to conduct research with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. We reflect on the contributions creative methods, migration studies, and feminist care ethics bring to more caring qualitative research. Guided by feminist work on care and ethics, we expand how creative methods can be employed. Drawing on a range of research traditions, we further develop the concept of ‘researching‐with’. We propose researching‐with as a methodological approach that takes seriously relationships and responsibilities in research practices. This approach advocates for conducting research collaboratively and in solidarity with research communities. The paper reflects on researching‐with creative methods in a research collaboration involving women from migrant and refugee backgrounds, staff and volunteers, a PhD student and a supervisor involving a series of creative workshops at Zara's House in Newcastle, Australia. We expand on some of the methodological learnings of researching‐with, including the possibilities and challenges of this methodological approach.
Cell Biology of Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Multiclonal Seeding and Peritoneal Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Yamaguchi Hideki , Miyazaki Makoto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPeritoneal metastasis, also known as peritoneal dissemination or carcinomatosis, refers to the spread of cancer to the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers the abdominal organs. Peritoneal metastasis typically occurs in advanced cancers of abdominal origin, most commonly gastrointestinal and gynecological cancers. Conventional chemotherapy has limited efficacy, and no effective molecular‐targeted therapy is currently available for peritoneal metastasis. As a result, peritoneal metastasis is associated with poor outcomes and significantly reduced quality of life in patients with advanced cancers. This is largely due to a limited understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying peritoneal metastasis. However, recent studies employing innovative approaches have provided novel insights into the mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis, contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the cell biological aspects of peritoneal metastasis and potential therapeutic target molecules. In particular, we emphasize the importance of cancer cell clustering within the abdominal cavity, which drives multiclonal peritoneal seeding. We also focus on the interactions of cancer cells with mesothelial cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts within the peritoneal tumor microenvironment.
Potential for synergistic conservation through area‐based strategies
Authors: Zhang Li , Fu Yanwen , Li Jiaxin , Yan Lingyan , Kou Xiaojun , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ongoing biodiversity crisis has raised concerns about the effectiveness of area‐based conservation (ABC) strategies for achieving positive biodiversity outcomes. In riverine ecosystems, the linear habitat structure of fishes introduces uncertainty into the synergistic conservation potential of ABC. Therefore, to assess the synergistic conservation potential of ABC for multiple groups, we used data from IUCN and RivFishTIME database up to 2020 for fishes, mammals, and birds to assess the reliability of area sampling based on species–area relationships and latitudinal dependence analyses. We built a spatial model of species richness to determine the spatial distribution of species richness and the spatial overlap of species richness within and among the 3 groups under different group combinations. We found a significant power function relationship between area and species richness; R2 values ranged from 0.94 to 0.96. Species richness was unevenly distributed across groups; thus, the potential for synergistic conservation of multiple groups is not promising. Fish were outliers. The spatial overlap for fish–bird combinations (β = −0.001 to 0.02) and fish–mammal combinations (β = 0.10–0.11) were significantly lower than those for mammal–bird combinations (β = 0.20−0.27). This calls for targeted conservation planning for fishes in terrestrial ecosystems rather than considering that protected areas for mammals and birds will also protect fishes. Furthermore, the synergistic conservation potential of multitarget strategies cannot be safely extended to all groups.
Evaluation of a Wellness Programme for Preservice Teachers in Hong Kong: Promoting Educational Excellence Through Resilience to Stress (PEERS)
Authors: Chan A. W.‐Y. , Leigh T.‐N. , Böke B. N. , Wang H. , So C.‐N. , Heath N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a wellness programme for preservice teachers, Promoting Educational Excellence through Resilience to Stress (PEERS). The intervention group participants, who took part in the 4‐week PEERS programme, and the comparison group participants were recruited online. A battery of self‐report scales assessed various psychological constructs, including coping self‐efficacy, resilience, mental health, well‐being, mindfulness and self‐compassion. Data were collected at three time points: before the intervention (T1), immediately after programme completion (T2) and 4 weeks after programme completion (T3). Results suggested that the intervention group participants reported significant improvements in coping self‐efficacy, resilience and the nonjudging facet of mindfulness. High programme satisfaction was also reported, with 96% of the participants rating the overall programme as good or excellent. Therefore, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and positive impact of the PEERS programme on the resilience and coping efficacy of preservice teachers in Hong Kong.
The role of atherosclerosis in HIV‐associated vasculopathy in young South African stroke patients
Authors: Sadiq Eitzaz , Woodiwiss Angela , Tade Grace , Nel Jeremy , Norton Gavin , Modi Girish 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHIV‐associated vasculopathy is known to cause stroke in people living with HIV (PLWH). The role of atherosclerosis is unclear. We assessed the aetiology of vasculopathy in PLWH and tested the utility of markers of subclinical atherosclerosis to distinguish atherosclerotic (AV) from non‐atherosclerotic vasculopathy (NAV).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited PLWH with stroke at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2014 to 2017. Patients with meningitis were excluded. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested for multi‐viral polymerase chain reaction, including varicella zoster virus (VZV). Once an aetiological category was assigned, carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were compared in AV and NAV, and to predetermined thresholds for subclinical atherosclerosis (cIMT≥0.70 mm, PWV≥10.00 m/s).ResultsSome 28/85 PLWH (32.9%) vs. 9/109 (8.3%, p < 0.0001) people‐without‐HIV had vasculopathy on computed tomography angiography. Only four PLWH had AV. Compared with NAV (n = 11), those with AV were older (50.0 ± 4.1 vs. 39.2 ± 9.2 years, p = 0.04) and had more cardiovascular risk factors (median 2.0 [IQR 1.5–2.5] vs. 0.0 [IQR 0.0–1.0], p = 0.02). cIMT in AV was higher than in NAV (1.01 ± 0.07 mm [n = 4] vs. 0.63 ± 0.04 mm [n = 9], p < 0.001). All with AV had cIMT and PWV above the predetermined thresholds, while all except one with NAV were below. We found evidence of VZV in eight PLWH and HIV‐associated vasculitis in six.ConclusionsVasculopathy in PLWH in our region appears to be predominantly non‐atherosclerotic. cIMT and PWV were useful adjuncts in distinguishing AV from NAV. Despite excluding meningitis, VZV was implicated in a large proportion, emphasizing the likely underdiagnosis of this treatable infection. We thus recommend CSF VZV testing in all PLWH with stroke.
Safety of Ablation Within the Coronary Venous Sinus in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Baskar Shankar , LaPage Martin J. , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Spar David S. , Dechert Brynn E. , Dionne Audrey , Ochoa Luis , Law Ian , Karpawich Peter P. , Torpoco‐Rivera Diana , Follansbee Christopher W. , Garnreiter Jason , Czosek Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCatheter‐based ablation in the coronary venous sinus (CS) can be associated with inadvertent coronary artery (CA) injury. However, a significant gap remains in the literature with regard to safety of such ablation in pediatrics.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to describe the safety of catheter‐based ablation within the CS. Secondary aim was to describe the practice pattern of ablation energy source within the CS among pediatric centers.MethodsThis was a multi‐center, retrospective study over a period of 20 years (1999–2019) involving seven centers. Pediatric patients (≤ 21 years of age) undergoing ablation within the CS were included.ResultsA total of 211 patients were included (median age: 14 [IQR: 10.5, 16.0]). Accessory pathways were the target in almost 90% of the patients with cryoablation in 55%, nonirrigated RF in 40% and irrigated RF in 6%. Only 16% had coronary arteriogram done before RF. There was a single patient who had CA injury, in the form of a transient spasm of the left circumflex CA following RF in the proximal CS. There was transient high‐grade AV block in six patients (2.8%) who either had RF or cryoablation. There was no permanent AV block.ConclusionThe use coronary arteriogram before RF in the CS is infrequent, although acute CA injury appears to be rare following such ablation. Transient heart block is not uncommon, and the operators need to be vigilant in monitoring AV nodal conduction.
Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Shell Flavonoid Release: A Comparative Study of Extraction Kinetic Models
Authors: Benítez‐Correa Elaine , Bastías‐Montes José Miguel , Acuña‐Nelson Sergio , Quevedo‐León Roberto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMathematical models are the most cost‐effective way to learn about a system. The objective of this study was to identify the model that best describes data for extraction kinetics of flavonoids released from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) bean shells (CBS) with nine choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvent (ChCl‐DES) aqueous solutions. Conventional solvent extraction with an ethanol aqueous solution was used to compare results. Four phenomenological and two empirical models were compared. Flavonoid concentration in the extracts was measured spectrophotometrically and fitted by nonlinear regression. Model goodness‐of‐fit was evaluated by comparing the adjusted determination coefficient and root mean square error. All the studied models effectively captured the kinetic data by showing a coefficient of determination greater than 0.92. The DES composition influenced the most accurate model. The DES‐based extraction notably enhanced the washing and diffusion stages and improved the extraction process.
Lemon Fiber as a New Source of Fat Replacement in Filling Creams
Authors: Ozmen Duygu , Toker Omer Said , Öztürk Saniye Akyil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeveloping new sustainable alternatives to fat in food products that maintain textural and rheological properties while offering substantial nutritional value presents a huge challenge in the food industry. Lemon fiber, which is dietary fiber and a by‐product of the citrus industry is recognized to have considerable health advantages, due to containing fiber and bioactive substances while having strong rheological characteristics. Present study is composed of two parts. In the first part, usage possibilities of lemon fiber as a fat replacement and optimization were carried out using response surface methodology where the concentration of fat and fiber varied between 10%–25% and 0.5%–1.5%, respectively. The aw and pH values of the samples showed a decrease with an increase in lemon fiber considerably (p < 0.05). The sample with fiber to fat ratio of 1.5:25 exhibited the greatest hardness and work of shear values, followed by the control sample, which was recorded as 200.4 ± 16.75 g and 178.9 ± 13.10 g s, respectively. Subsequent to this encouraging outcome, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% lemon fiber was used in the sample containing 10% fat. The rheological properties of the samples were markedly enhanced with increased fiber content, while the 3:10 sample (fiber:fat) exhibited no significant change compared to the control sample. The results of the study showed that lemon fiber can be used in filling creams and similar products for fat reduction.
Excess risk of bleeding in patients with venous thromboembolism on direct oral anticoagulants during initial and extended treatment versus population controls
Authors: Glise Sandblad Katarina , Rosengren Annika , Schulman Sam , Roupe Maria , Sandström Tatiana Zverkova , Philipson Jacob , Svennerholm Kristina , Tavoly Mazdak 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of major bleeding from anticoagulant treatment is influenced by both the treatment and the patient's baseline risk, which is often disregarded.ObjectivesTo determine the excess bleeding risk in venous thromboembolism (VTE) cases during initial (0 to 6 months) and extended (6 months to 5 years) treatment compared to matched population controls without VTE or anticoagulant treatment, overall, and stratified by sex and age.MethodsCancer‐free patients with VTE treated with direct oral anticoagulants from 2014 to 2020, along with propensity score–matched controls, were identified from nationwide Swedish registers. Excess risk of major bleeding was assessed using the incidence rate difference (IRD) calculated by subtracting the control bleeding rate from the case bleeding rate.ResultsThe matched cohort comprised 36,115 VTE cases and 36,115 controls. During initial treatment, 388 VTE cases (1.07%) and 103 controls (0.29%) experienced bleeding, IRD: 2.19 (95% confidence interval 1.89–2.49) per 100 person‐years. Following rematching at 6 months, 139 cases (0.70%) and 214 controls (1.08%) experienced bleeding, IRD: 0.70 (0.52–0.89). During initial treatment, females had a higher excess bleeding risk than males, with male IRD: 1.73 (1.34–2.12) and female IRD: 2.69 (2.23–3.15). Excess bleeding risk was highest in the oldest patient population. In extended treatment, excess bleeding was not dependent on sex—male IRD: 0.60 (0.35–0.85), female IRD: 0.81 (0.54–1.08)—and did not increase with age.ConclusionThe excess bleeding risk from anticoagulant treatment was high during initial treatment, particularly among females and the elderly, but lower and not influenced by sex or age during extended treatment.
Longevity of terminal abutment teeth retaining maxillary obturator prostheses
Authors: Chandy Tintu , Singh Annu , Mishra Meza Akriti , Riedel Elyn , Huryn Joseph M. , Randazzo Joseph D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the longevity of terminal abutment teeth retaining maxillary obturator prostheses.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients who underwent maxillectomy followed by delivery of definitive obturator prostheses between 1994 and 2020. Details on patient demographics, primary tumor, and radiation therapy were collected. The tooth closest to the defect was identified as the terminal abutment, and information such as tooth type, condition of tooth at the time of maxillectomy, Aramany classification, and cause of abutment loss were noted from the dental charts. Survival time of the terminal abutment tooth was calculated from the date of maxillectomy to the last dental follow‐up visit or the date of abutment loss. Univariate analyses were performed to test for the association between survival time and each of the four covariates.ResultsIn the 26‐year study period, 148 teeth in 130 patients met the inclusion criteria. Ninety‐eight (66.2%) terminal abutment teeth survived, and 50 (33.8%) were lost. Squamous cell carcinoma was the leading tumor diagnosis (51%). Aramany Class II was the most predominant arch configuration (51%). The majority of the terminal abutment teeth were maxillary incisors (43%). The chief cause of terminal abutment loss was bone loss and mobility (46%). The 10‐year survival probability was 65%. Radiation therapy did not statistically contribute to terminal abutment loss. Terminal abutment teeth with dental treatment showed higher failure than those without any prior treatment or dental disease.ConclusionClinicians must be aware of the various factors affecting the survival of terminal abutment teeth which can ultimately affect the success of the maxillary obturator prostheses.
Comfort in Providing Care and Associations With Attitudes Towards Substance Use: A Survey of Mental Health Clinicians at an Urban Hospital in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Russolillo Angela , Davies Megan , Carter Michelle , Goodyear Trevor , Jenkins Emily 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionStigma is a major driver of harms associated with substance use and can interfere with the provision of high‐quality, effective healthcare for people who use drugs. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between mental health clinicians' comfort in providing substance use care and their attitudes towards substance use.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the Brief Substance Abuse Attitudes Survey was administered among a convenience sample of mental health clinicians [N = 71] working in an acute care setting in Vancouver, Canada. One‐way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to examine the association between three levels of comfort and five predefined attitude subgroups. STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used.ResultsLevel of comfort was significantly associated with attitudes towards substance use across three subscales: permissiveness, nonstereotyping and treatment optimism. In pairwise comparisons, the neutral group held significantly less permissive attitudes when compared to the comfortable group. However, the neutral group held more stereotypical views and less optimism about treatment outcomes, when compared to the comfortable and uncomfortable groups, respectively.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings highlight that mental health clinicians who are undecided or neutral about their comfort in providing substance use care are more likely to have negative views towards people with substance use disorders. Future work should explore, implement and evaluate education and training to reduce substance use disorder‐related stigma among mental health clinicians and other health professionals.
The power of peers: Design‐based research on stimulating peer‐assisted learning for enhancing the clinical‐reasoning learning process in the workplace
Authors: Ruczynski Larissa I. A. , Schouwenberg Bas J. J. W. , Fluit Cornelia R. M. G. , van de Pol Marjolein H. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionPeer‐assisted learning (PAL) is widely used in undergraduate medical education, and collaborative learning is gaining momentum. Unfortunately, literature shows that students utilise their peers less during undergraduate clerkships, a phase when PAL is known to be particularly useful to students and their clinical‐reasoning learning process. For this reason, we investigated the following question: How can we design a workplace for undergraduate students that fosters PAL with regard to enhancing their clinical‐reasoning learning practice?MethodsWe used a design‐based research (DBR) methodology, involving iterative development to address a complex educational issue. Between September 2022 and October 2023, stakeholders participated in four work conferences (WCs). The final output consists of design principles for a workplace to encourage PAL for the enhancement of the clinical‐reasoning learning practice for undergraduate students, as well as an evaluated 2‐month pilot intervention, ‘paired consultation’, that aligns with these design principles. This study is conducted in the Netherlands.ResultsA total of 101 individuals participated in this study. In the WCs, design principles were continuously discussed, while an intervention was developed under the guidance of the research group. Discussion topics included reciprocal vulnerability, culture, autonomy, flexibility, ownership, psychological safety, competition and the role of supervisors. Overall, the pilot was considered a success by all involved and small adjustments were made throughout. Students mentioned that observing peers supported their clinical‐reasoning learning process. Supervisors expressed growing enthusiasm for PAL.ConclusionTo ensure successful interventions based on the design principles, three topics deserve attention: (1) Students must share responsibility for learning with peers, (2) supervisors must contribute to the evolution towards a collaborative learning environment and (3) a community of learners within a community of practice can enhance the collaborative learning practice. Further research should focus on guiding the workplace in this transition towards collaborative learning.