bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Support, Burnout Syndrome and Occupational Exhaustion among Mexican Traffic Police Agents
Authors: Beltrán Carolina Aranda , Moreno Manuel Pando , Estrada José G. Salazar , López Teresa M. Torres , Rodríguez María Guadalupe Aldrete 
Published: March 2013

The consequences of work-related stress on health are worrisome, and by the same token, so is Burnout Syndrome. However, it has been shown that social support can prevent, reduce or even combat individuals' responses to stress.A descriptive, transverse study was carried out with the objective of determining the prevalence of both Burnout Syndrome and receiving social support for traffic police in Mexico. 875 traffic police participated in the study, men and women alike, from all work shifts, day and night. Three questionnaires were administered: one to record sociodemographic and professional data, as well as the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the modified Diaz Veiga Social Resources Inventory. Our data analysis obtained frequencies and percentages and also identified associations between the study's variables.The prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was found to be 54.9% among the study's participants. The social support networks designated as “low or poor” were shown to be associated with Burnout Syndrome, with p values less than .05, an odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 and a confidence interval that did not include the number one.In spite of the strong network of social support reported by participants, it seems that those social effects were not strong enough to combat Burnout Syndrome, and some resolution strategy ought to be implemented at the individual, group and organizational levels.
Le Fort I Osteotomy with Bone Grafts in Preprosthetic Surgery: Technical Note
Authors: Pingarron-Martin Lorena , Arias-Gallo Javier , Ong Hui Shan , Pons Manuel Chamorro 
Published: March 2013

Background Being edentulous causes progressive bony resorption in maxillae, which can lead to altered maxillomandibular relationships. Discussion should consider Le Fort I osteotomy with inlay grafts for a better success rate. Thus, this article introduces a technical note in improving the success rate. Case Report The presented technical note permits transformation of the surgery in a conventional Le Fort I with a simple fixation not only of the grafts but also of the osteotomy. The surgical steps are explained as well as the follow-up results. Discussion Adding additional wire anchorage around bone grafts greatly improved our success rate and reduced our operative time. Bone grafting concurrently with Le Fort I osteotomy immediately improved the facial skeletal profile. Several in vitro studies have shown that galvanic corrosion does not play a significant role when combining stainless steel and titanium. Our novel technique is relatively simple and can be easily picked up by young surgeons.
Complete and unidirectional conversion of human embryonic stem cells to trophoblast by BMP4
Authors: Amita Mitsuyoshi , Adachi Katsuyuki , Alexenko Andrei P. , Sinha Sunilima , Schust Danny J. , Schulz Laura C. , Roberts R. Michael , Ezashi Toshihiko 
Published: March 2013

SignificanceHuman embryonic stem cells (hESC) exposed to the growth factor bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) in the absence of FGF2 have been used to study the development of placental trophoblasts, but the soundness of this model has been challenged by others who concluded that the directional differentiation was primarily toward the mesoderm lineage rather than trophoblast. Here we identify key culture conditions necessary for BMP4 to convert hESC to an epithelium that expresses a full range of trophoblast markers, demonstrates invasive properties, and releases large quantities of placental hormones, with no evidence for mesoderm formation.
Impacts of Golden Alga Prymnesium parvum on Fish Populations in Reservoirs of the Upper Colorado River and Brazos River Basins, Texas
Authors: VanLandeghem Matthew M. , Farooqi Mukhtar , Farquhar Bobby , Patiño Reynaldo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSeveral reservoirs in the upper Colorado River and Brazos River basins in Texas have experienced toxic blooms of golden alga Prymnesium parvum and associated fish kills since 2001. There is a paucity of information, however, regarding the population‐level effects of such kills in large reservoirs, species‐specific resistance to or recovery from kills, or potential differences in the patterns of impacts among basins. We used multiple before–after, control–impact analysis to determine whether repeated golden alga blooms have led to declines in the relative abundance and size structure of fish populations. Sustained declines were noted for 9 of 12 fish species surveyed in the upper Colorado River, whereas only one of eight species was impacted by golden alga in the Brazos River. In the upper Colorado River, White Bass Morone chrysops, White Crappie Pomoxis annularis, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, River Carpsucker Carpiodes carpio, Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, and Blue Catfish I. furcatus exhibited sustained declines in relative abundance, size structure, or both; Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, Longnose Gar Lepisosteus osseus, and Common Carp Cyprinus carpio did not exhibit those declines. In the Brazos River, only the relative abundance of Blue Catfish was impacted. Overall, toxic golden alga blooms can negatively impact fish populations over the long‐term, but the patterns of impact can vary considerably among river basins and species. In the Brazos River, populations of most fish species appear to be healthy, suggesting a positive angling outlook for this basin. In the upper Colorado River, fish populations have been severely impacted, and angling opportunities have been reduced. Basin‐specific management plans aimed at improving water quality and quantity will likely reduce bloom intensity and allow recovery of fish populations to the abundances and size structures present before golden alga.
Fish Assemblages in Borrow‐Pit Lakes of the Lower Mississippi River
Authors: Miranda L. E. , Killgore K. J. , Hoover J. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBorrow‐pit lakes encompass about a third of the lentic water habitats (by area) in the active floodplain of the Lower Mississippi River, yet little is known about their fish assemblages. We investigated whether fish assemblages supported by borrow‐pit lakes resembled those in oxbow lakes to help place the ecological relevance of borrow‐pit lakes in context with that of natural floodplain lakes. In all, we collected 75 fish species, including 65 species in eight borrow‐pit lakes, 52 species in four riverside oxbow lakes, and 44 species in eight landside oxbow lakes. Significant differences in several species richness metrics were evident between borrow‐pit lakes and landside oxbow lakes but not between borrow‐pit lakes and riverside oxbow lakes. All three lake types differed in fish assemblage composition. Borrow‐pit lakes and riverside oxbow lakes tended to include a greater representation of fish species that require access to diverse environments, including lentic, lotic, and palustrine habitats; fish assemblages in landside oxbow lakes included a higher representation of lacustrine species. None of the fish species collected in borrow‐pit lakes was federally listed as threatened or endangered, but several were listed as species of special concern by state governments in the region, suggesting that borrow‐pit lakes provide habitat for sensitive riverine and wetland fish species. Differences in fish assemblages among borrow‐pit lakes were linked to engineered morphologic features, suggesting that diversity in engineering can contribute to diversity in fish assemblages; however, more research is needed to match engineering designs with fish assemblage structures that best meet conservation needs.
Modeling risk stratification in human cancer
Authors: Rème Thierry , Hose Dirk , Theillet Charles , Klein Bernard 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMotivation: Despite huge prognostic promises, gene expression-based survival assessment is rarely used in clinical routine. Main reasons include difficulties in performing and reporting analyses and restriction in most methods to one high-risk group with the vast majority of patients being unassessed. The present study aims at limiting these difficulties by (i) mathematically defining the number of risk groups without any a priori assumption; (ii) computing the risk of an independent cohort by considering each patient as a new patient incorporated to the validation cohort and (iii) providing an open-access Web site to freely compute risk for every new patient.Results: Using the gene expression profiles of 551 patients with multiple myeloma, 602 with breast-cancer and 460 with glioma, we developed a model combining running log-rank tests under controlled chi-square conditions and multiple testing corrections to build a risk score and a classification algorithm using simultaneous global and between-group log-rank chi-square maximization. For each cancer entity, we provide a statistically significant three-group risk prediction model, which is corroborated with publicly available validation cohorts.Conclusion: In constraining between-group significances, the risk score compares favorably with previous risk classifications.Availability: Risk assessment is freely available on the Web at https://gliserv.montp.inserm.fr/PrognoWeb/ for personal or test data files. Web site implementation in Perl, R and Apache.Contact: thierry.reme@inserm.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BRANCH: boosting RNA-Seq assemblies with partial or related genomic sequences
Authors: Bao Ergude , Jiang Tao , Girke Thomas 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Motivation: De novo transcriptome assemblies of RNA-Seq data are important for genomics applications of unsequenced organisms. Owing to the complexity and often incomplete representation of transcripts in sequencing libraries, the assembly of high-quality transcriptomes can be challenging. However, with the rapidly growing number of sequenced genomes, it is now feasible to improve RNA-Seq assemblies by guiding them with genomic sequences.
Results: This study introduces BRANCH, an algorithm designed for improving de novo transcriptome assemblies by using genomic information that can be partial or complete genome sequences from the same or a related organism. Its input includes assembled RNA reads (transfrags), genomic sequences (e.g. contigs) and the RNA reads themselves. It uses a customized version of BLAT to align the transfrags and RNA reads to the genomic sequences. After identifying exons from the alignments, it defines a directed acyclic graph and maps the transfrags to paths on the graph. It then joins and extends the transfrags by applying an algorithm that solves a combinatorial optimization problem, called the Minimum weight Minimum Path Cover with given Paths. In performance tests on real data from Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, assisted by genomic contigs from the same species, BRANCH improved the sensitivity and precision of transfrags generated by Velvet/Oases or Trinity by 5.1–56.7% and 0.3–10.5%, respectively. These improvements added 3.8–74.1% complete transcripts and 8.3–3.8% proteins to the initial assembly. Similar improvements were achieved when guiding the BRANCH processing of a transcriptome assembly from a more complex organism (mouse) with genomic sequences from a related species (rat).
Availability: The BRANCH software can be downloaded for free from this site: http://manuals.bioinformatics.ucr.edu/home/branch.
Contact: thomas.girke@ucr.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detecting biomarkers in habitable-zone earths transiting white dwarfs
Authors: Loeb Abraham , Maoz Dan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The characterization of the atmospheres of habitable-zone Earth-mass exoplanets that transit across main-sequence stars, let alone the detection of biomarkers in their atmospheres, will be challenging even with future facilities. It has been noted that white dwarfs (WDs) have long-lived habitable zones and that a large fraction of WDs may host planets. We point out that during a transit of an Earth-mass planet across a WD, the planet's atmospheric transmission spectrum obtains a much higher contrast over the stellar background compared to a main-sequence host, because of the small surface area of the WD. The most prominent bio-marker in the present-day terrestrial atmosphere, molecular oxygen, is readily detectable in a WD transit via its A-band absorption at ∼ 0.76 μm. A potentially life-sustaining Earth-like planet transiting a WD can be found by assembling a suitable sample of ∼500 WDs and then surveying them for transits using small telescopes. If and when a transiting case is found, the O2 absorption in the planetary atmospheric transmission spectrum would be detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in about 5 h of total exposure time, integrated over 160 two-minute transits. Characterization of the planet atmosphere using other tracers such as water vapour and CO2 will be considerably easier. We demonstrate this future discovery space by simulating a possible transmission spectrum that would be detectable with JWST.
Specialized Roles of the Conserved Subunit OST3/6 of the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex in Innate Immunity and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Farid Akhlaq , Malinovsky Frederikke Gro , Veit Christiane , Schoberer Jennifer , Zipfel Cyril , Strasser Richard 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation of proteins is an essential cotranslational and posttranslational protein modification in plants. The central step in this process is the transfer of a preassembled oligosaccharide to nascent proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex. Despite the importance of the catalyzed reaction, the composition and the function of individual OST subunits are still ill defined in plants. Here, we report the function of the highly conserved OST subunit OST3/6. We have identified a mutant in the OST3/6 gene that causes overall underglycosylation of proteins and affects the biogenesis of the receptor kinase EF-TU RECEPTOR involved in innate immunity and the endo-β-1,4-glucanase KORRIGAN1 required for cellulose biosynthesis. Notably, the ost3/6 mutation does not affect mutant variants of the receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1. OST3/6 deficiency results in activation of the unfolded protein response and causes hypersensitivity to salt/osmotic stress and to the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Consistent with its role in protein glycosylation, OST3/6 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with other subunits of the OST complex. Together, our findings reveal the importance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) OST3/6 for the efficient glycosylation of specific glycoproteins involved in different physiological processes and shed light on the composition and function of the plant OST complex.
Enhanced protection against pulmonary mycobacterial challenge by chitosan‐formulated polyepitope gene vaccine is associated with increased pulmonary secretory IgA and gamma‐interferon+ T cell responses
Authors: Ai Wenqing , Yue Yan , Xiong Sidong , Xu Wei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInduction of local (pulmonary) immunity plays a critical role in preventing dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) during the early infection stage. To induce specific mucosal immunity, chitosan, a natural cationic polysaccharide, was employed as a mucosal gene carrier and complexed with pHSP65pep, our previously constructed multi‐epitope gene vaccine, which induces splenic gamma‐interferon (IFN‐γ)+ T helper cell 1 responses. The resultant chitosan–pHSP65pep was administered intranasally to BALB/c mice with four doses of 50 μg DNA followed by mycobacterial challenge 4 weeks after the final immunization. It was found that the chitosan formulation significantly induced production of secretory immunoglobulin A (P < 0.05) as determined by measuring its concentrations in lung lavage fluid and enhanced pulmonary CD4+ and CD8+IFN‐γ+ T cell responses (P < 0.001) compared with naked gene vaccine. Improved protection against Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) challenge was consistently achieved by the chitosan–DNA formulation both as the vaccine alone or in a BCG prime‐vaccine boost immunization scenario. Our study shows that mucosal delivery of gene vaccine in a chitosan formulation remarkably enhances specific SIgA concentrations and mucosal IFN‐γ+ T cell response, which correlated positively with immunological protection.
Bioactive alkaloids in vertically transmitted fungal endophytes
Authors: Panaccione Daniel G. , Beaulieu Wesley T. , Cook Daniel 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPlants form mutualistic symbioses with a variety of microorganisms including endophytic fungi that live inside the plant and cause no overt symptoms of infection. Some endophytic fungi form defensive mutualisms based on the production of bioactive metabolites that protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for a protected niche and nutrition from the host plant. Key elements of these symbioses are vertical transmission of the fungus through seed of the host plant, a narrow host range, and production of bioactive metabolites by the fungus.Grasses frequently form symbioses with endophytic fungi belonging to the familyClavicipitaceae. These symbioses have been studied extensively because of their significant impacts on insect and mammalian herbivores. Many of the impacts are likely due to the production of four classes of bioactive alkaloids – ergot alkaloids, lolines, indole‐diterpenes and peramine – that are distributed in different combinations among endophyte taxa.Several legumes, including locoweeds, are associated with a toxic syndrome called locoism as a result of their accumulation of swainsonine. Species in two genera were recently found to contain previously undescribed endophytic fungi (Undifilumspp., familyPleosporaceae) that are the source of that toxin. The fungi are strictly vertically transmitted and have narrow host ranges.Some plant species in the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) also form symbioses with endophytic fungi of theClavicipitaceae that produce ergot alkaloids and, perhaps in at least one case, lolines. Other species in this plant family form symbioses with undescribed fungi that produce swainsonine. The swainsonine‐producing endophytes associated with theConvolvulaceae are distinct from theUndifilumspp. associated with locoweeds and theClavicipitaceous fungi associated with Convolvulaceae.In the establishment of vertically transmitted symbioses, fungi must have entered the symbiosis with traits that were immediately useful to the plant. Bioactive metabolites are likely candidates for such pre‐adapted traits which were likely useful to the free‐living fungi as well. With future research, vertically transmitted fungi from diverse clades with narrow host ranges and that produce bioactive compounds are likely to be found as important mutualists in additional plants.
Downstairs drivers ‐ root herbivores shape communities of above‐ground herbivores and natural enemies via changes in plant nutrients
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Mitchell Carolyn , McNicol James W. , Thompson Jacqueline , Karley Alison J. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryTerrestrial food webs are woven from complex interactions, often underpinned by plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores and higher trophic groups. Below‐ and above‐ground herbivores can influence one another via induced changes to a shared host plant, potentially shaping the wider community. However, empirical evidence linking laboratory observations to natural field populations has so far been elusive.This study investigated how root‐feeding weevils (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) influence different feeding guilds of herbivore (phloem‐feeding aphids,Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, and leaf‐chewing sawflies,Nematus olfaciens) in both controlled and field conditions.We hypothesized that root herbivore‐induced changes in plant nutrients (C, N, P and amino acids) and defensive compounds (phenolics) would underpin the interactions between root and foliar herbivores, and ultimately populations of natural enemies of the foliar herbivores in the field.Weevils increased field populations of aphids by ca. 700%, which was followed by an increase in the abundance of aphid natural enemies. Weevils increased the proportion of foliar essential amino acids, and this change was positively correlated with aphid abundance, which increased by 90% on plants with weevils in controlled experiments.In contrast, sawfly populations were 77% smaller during mid‐June and adult emergence delayed by >14 days on plants with weevils. In controlled experiments, weevils impaired sawfly growth by 18%, which correlated with 35% reductions in leaf phosphorus caused by root herbivory, a previously unreported mechanism for above‐ground–below‐ground herbivore interactions.This represents a clear demonstration of root herbivores affecting foliar herbivore community composition and natural enemy abundance in the field via two distinct plant‐mediated nutritional mechanisms. Aphid populations, in particular, were initially driven by bottom‐up effects (i.e. plant‐mediated effects of root herbivory), but consequent increases in natural enemies triggered top‐down regulation.
Remifentanil target‐controlled infusion during second stage labour in high‐risk parturients: a case series
Authors: SCHWARZ G. L. , VOLMANEN P. , ALBRECHTSEN S. , BJOERNESTAD E. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundProviding adequate analgesia and appropriate sedation to high‐risk parturients during late second stage labour without compromising foetal safety remains a major challenge, especially in situations when neuraxial block is not applicable. Remifentanil emerged as an option for labour analgesia during the last decade but may be suitable for the facilitation of complicated vaginal deliveries as well.MethodsA retrospective chart review of nine labouring women with significant medical and/or obstetrical risk factors was conducted. According to the assessment of an experienced obstetrician, vaginal delivery could only be achieved with profound analgesia, and neuraxial block was not possible because of contraindications, technical failure, or shortage of time. Mode of delivery, need for neonatal resuscitation, maternal and neonatal vital parameters, drug consumption, and personnel resource expenses were recorded.ResultsRemifentanil target‐controlled infusion (TCI) facilitated vaginal delivery in eight out of nine women. No serious adverse events were observed, but three newborns needed initial respiratory support for a few minutes. The total cost of remifentanil TCI administration to facilitate vaginal delivery compared with the estimated additional cost of an emergency caesarean section was negligible.ConclusionThis case series suggests that remifentanil TCI may be used to facilitate vaginal delivery in high‐risk parturients when other forms of analgesia are limited. However, the small number of patients studied does not allow generalisation of the results; neither can safety concerns be dispelled yet.