bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prototypical major cluster merger Abell 754
Authors: Botteon A. , van Weeren R. J. , Eckert D. , Gastaldello F. , Markevitch M. , Giacintucci S. , Brunetti G. , Kale R. , Venturi T. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Abell 754 is a rich galaxy cluster at z = 0.0543 and is considered the prototype of a major cluster merger. As many dynamically unrelaxed systems, it hosts diffuse radio emission on megaparsec-scales. Extended synchrotron sources in the intra-cluster medium (ICM) are commonly interpreted as evidence that a fraction of the gravitational energy released during cluster mergers is dissipated into nonthermal components.
Aims. Here, we aim to use new MeerKAT UHF- and L-band observations to study nonthermal phenomena in Abell 754. These data are complemented with archival XMM-Newton observations to investigate the resolved spectral properties of both the radio and X-ray cluster emission.
Methods. For the first time, we employed the pipeline originally developed to calibrate LOFAR data to MeerKAT observations. This allowed us to perform a direction-dependent calibration and obtain highly sensitive radio images in UHF and L bands that capture the extended emission with unprecedented detail. By using a large XMM-Newton mosaic, we produced thermodynamic maps of the ICM.
Results. Our analysis reveals that the radio halo in the cluster center is bounded by the well-known shock in the eastern direction. Furthermore, in the southwest periphery, we discover an extended radio source that we classify as a radio relic that is possibly tracing a shock driven by the squeezed gas compressed by the merger, outflowing in perpendicular directions. The low-luminosity of this relic appears compatible with direct acceleration of thermal pool electrons. We interpret the observed radio and X-ray features in the context of a major cluster merger with a nonzero impact parameter.
Conclusions. Abell 754 is a remarkable galaxy cluster showcasing exceptional features associated with the ongoing merger event. The high quality of the new MeerKAT data motivates further work on this system.
The pandemic state of exception: restrictions, subjectivities, and authority
Authors: Sirnes Thorvald 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pandemic and all of its restrictions dominated public attention and social practices for almost three years. There was declared a state of exception in many national contexts during the pandemic. A revolution took place in the governing of bodies and the obstruction of sociality or the basic togetherness of humans. In a direct, physical way, the pandemic regulations were radically individualizing to a degree that had not been seen in either normal societies or normal crises and emergencies. This pandemic condition of being exposed represented a kind of extreme object existence.
The Challenge of Joseph H. Jackson
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book explores the challenge of Joseph H. Jackson through a definitive academic biography. Jackson remains a person whose significance to twentieth-century Black Christianity and U.S. history more broadly has not yet been understood or appreciated. The biography chronicles Jackson’s rise to power as pastor of the largest Black church in the United States, the fifteen-thousand-member Olivet Baptist in Chicago, and as the longest-tenured president of the six-million-member National Baptist Convention (1953–1982), at one time the nation’s largest Black organization. It examines Jackson’s political alliances, describes his controversial views on race, catalogues his global ecumenical work, explains his fallout with the family of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and connects his eloquence to the maintenance of power in a tradition that prizes sacred oratory. By making the life and legacy of Dr. Jackson available, this book produces new homiletical (i.e., preaching) knowledge of his theory and practice, recovers neglected civil rights–era church history, and explores how leadership and power is a double-edged sword in modern American religious life.
“As I Come to a Close”
Authors: Alcántara Jared E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores Joseph H. Jackson’s swift declension toward irrelevance after Martin Luther King’s assassination and his virtual anonymity in the final years of his life. Three cities will frame the telling of the final chapter of Jackson’s life, each of which will have a year attached to it to mark its significance to Jackson’s life and ministry: Chicago 1966, Memphis 1968, and Miami 1982. This chapter will also catalogue the renaming of the street in front of Olivet Baptist Church on account of his feud with King, his loss of the presidency of the National Baptist Convention in 1982 to T. J. Jemison, and his death in 1990.
Teaching Music to Students with Differences and Disabilities
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Hourigan Ryan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Teaching Music to Students with Differences and Disabilities: A Label-Free Approach is designed for faculty, in-service music administrators, in-service music teachers, and preservice music teachers. It is designed as a comprehensive manual and reference guide that introduces those in the field of music education to best practices when teaching music to students with differences and disabilities. It includes research-based strategies for methods courses and professional development. In addition, this text addresses curricular strategies for methods teachers and in-service music educators. This information is grounded in research, special education law, and best practice. A focus of this book is that a student with differences and disabilities is an individual who deserves a music education that is free of labels. The philosophical premise of a label-free approach is centered in the preservation of the individual personhood of each student. Through this approach, music educators will be able to gain and advocate for support, understand their rights and responsibilities, and offer an affective and effective music education for students with and without disabilities. This includes learning strategies for effective collaboration with special educators, teacher educators, and classroom teachers. We also include curriculum development ideas, lesson plan strategies, observation strategies (methods classroom), and practica ideas (methods classroom).
Public School Education within a Democracy
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Hourigan Ryan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unfortunately, not all students within the current public education system in the United States have an equal opportunity to learn. The school experience for some students is vastly different from the experience of other students, and in some situations, some students are given more opportunities than others. This chapter offers a fundamental look at the current practice of teaching students with differences and disabilities through an examination of current educational and community norms and practice. This includes funding as well as family support challenges. In addition, an overview of the label-free approach is provided as an introduction to the full text. The label-free approach uses domains, rather than medical diagnoses and social justice elements that include adapting the environment for the student, rather than adapting the student to the environment.
The Current Structure of Special Education in Our Schools
Authors: Hammel Alice M , Hourigan Ryan M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how educational policy builds and expands on previous sets of legislation. Education policy has become more politically charged and will continue to be so into the middle of the 21st century. Legal wrangling, court decisions, and the timeline of a bill as it becomes law are not always met with public scrutiny or interest. However, there are many seminal moments that have shaped policies, legislation, and litigation in the areas of civil rights and the education of students with differences and disabilities. The keystone legislation examined in this chapter has continued to define the United States as a country and to shape U.S. public policy.
Thriving in a salty future: morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular adaptations to salt stress in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and other crops
Authors: Liu Xu , Elzenga J Theo M , Venema Jan Henk , Tiedge Kira J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
With soil salinity levels rising at an alarming rate, accelerated by climate change and human interventions, there is a growing need for crop varieties that can grow on saline soils. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a cool-season perennial leguminous crop, commonly grown as forage, biofuel feedstock and soil conditioner. It demonstrates significant potential for agricultural circularity and sustainability, for example by fixing nitrogen, sequestering carbon and improving soil structures. Although alfalfa is traditionally regarded as a moderately salt-tolerant species, modern alfalfa varieties display specific salt-tolerance mechanisms, which could be used to pave its role as a leading crop able to grow on saline soils.

Scope
Alfalfa’s salt tolerance underlies a large variety of cascading biochemical and physiological mechanisms. These are partly enabled by its complex genome structure and out-crossing nature, but which entail impediments for molecular and genetic studies. This review first summarizes the general effects of salinity on plants and the broad-ranging mechanisms for dealing with salt-induced osmotic stress, ion toxicity and secondary stress. Second, we address the defensive and adaptive strategies that have been described for alfalfa, such as the plasticity of alfalfa’s root system, hormonal crosstalk for maintaining ion homeostasis, spatiotemporal specialized metabolite profiles and the protection of alfalfa–rhizobia associations. Finally, bottlenecks for research of the physiological and molecular salt-stress responses as well as biotechnology-driven improvements of salt tolerance are identified and discussed.

Conclusion
Understanding morpho-anatomical, physiological and molecular responses to salinity is essential for the improvement of alfalfa and other crops in saline land reclamation. This review identifies potential breeding targets for enhancing the stability of alfalfa performance and general crop robustness for rising salt levels as well as to promote alfalfa applications in saline land management.
Teaching Styles in North American University Classrooms: A Corpus-Driven Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Csomay Eniko , Crawford William J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although university teaching styles have been investigated in both educational and applied linguistic research, a comprehensive linguistic analysis of teaching styles has yet to be explored. Previous educational studies have relied on perceptual measures (e.g. class observations or questionnaires) while linguistic studies have analyzed small sets of narrowly defined class sessions (e.g. monologic delivery style) or associated linguistic variation with discourse structure. While these studies have provided valuable insights into classroom teaching, they lack generalizable findings for this context. This study takes an empirical approach to identifying teaching styles based on language behavior in university classrooms. The study uses a corpus of 194 recorded university classrooms at six universities in the USA (1.45 million words). We first apply a novel multidimensional (MD) analysis to identify language variation in university class sessions and then, through cluster analytical methods, we identify text types that we interpret as teaching styles. Four main styles are recognized and functionally interpreted by reference to the co-occurring linguistic features identified in each cluster. Implications are also provided.
Diverse Sources and Latent Reservoirs of Community-Associated Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Alshannaq Ahmad F , Kates Ashley E , Keating Julie A , Mckinley Linda L , Dixon Jonah W , Safdar Nasia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming, toxin-producing, anaerobic bacterium that infects the human gastrointestinal tract, causing diarrhea and life-threatening colitis. Clostridioides difficile epidemiology continues to evolve, and it is recognized as a major community-associated (CA) pathogen in addition to its established role in causing healthcare-associated (HA) infection. While current surveillance and prevention measures mainly focus on healthcare-associated C. difficile infections (HA-CDI), much less is known about the factors that drive CA-CDI. This review highlights the potential contribution of reservoirs, including asymptomatic carriers, to CA C. difficile transmission. The reservoirs discussed in this review provide potential avenues for research to better understand and reduce CA transmission of C. difficile.
Validation of arteriovenous access stage (AVAS) classification: a prospective, international multicentre study
Authors: Lawrie Katerina , Waldauf Petr , Balaz Peter , Lacerda Ricardo , Aitken Emma , Letachowicz Krzysztof , D'Oria Mario , Di Maso Vittorio , Stasko Pavel , Gomes Antonio , Fontainhas Joana , Pekar Matej , Srdelic Alena ,   VAVASC Study Group, Ianche Franchesco , Nunes Vitor , Fabian Bretislav , Hanko Jennifer , Masengu Agnes , Moran Conor , McGrogan Damian , Murray Aidan , O'Neill Stephen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The arteriovenous access stage (AVAS) classification provides evaluation of upper extremity vessels for vascular access (VA) suitability. It divides patients into classes within three main groups: suitable for native fistula (AVAS1) or prosthetic graft (AVAS2), and patients not suitable for conventional native or prosthetic VA (AVAS3). We validated this system on a prospective dataset.

Methods
A prospective, international observational study (NCT04796558) involved 11 centres from 8 countries. Patient recruitment was from March 2021 to January 2024. Demographic data, risk factors, vessels parameters, VA types, AVAS class and early VA failure were collected. Percentage agreement was used to assess predictive ability of AVAS (comparison of AVAS and created VA) and consistency of AVAS assessment between evaluators. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used for comparison of early failure rate of conventional (predicted by AVAS) and unconventional (not predicted by AVAS) VA.

Results
From 1034 enrolled patients, 935 had arteriovenous fistula or graft, 99 patients did not undergo VA creation due opting for alternative renal replacement therapies, experiencing health complications, death or non-compliance. AVAS1 had 91.2%, AVAS2 7.2% and AVAS3 1.6% of patients. Agreement between evaluators was 89%. The most frequently created VAs were radial-cephalic (46%) and brachial-cephalic (27%) fistulae. The accuracy of AVAS versus created access was 79%. In comparison, VA predicted by clinicians versus created access was 62.1%. Inaccuracy of AVAS prediction was more common with higher AVAS classes, and the most common reason for inaccuracy was creation of distal VA despite less favourable anatomy (17%). Patients with unconventional VA had higher early failure rate than patients with conventional VA (20% vs 9.3%, respectively, P = .002)

Conclusion
AVAS is effective in predicting VA creation, but overall accuracy is reduced at higher AVAS classes when the complexity of decision-making increases and proximal vessels require preservation. When AVAS was followed by clinicians, early failure was significantly decreased.
Intra-individual variability in lipoprotein(a): the value of a repeat measure for reclassifying individuals at intermediate risk
Authors: Harb Tarek , Ziogos Efthymios , Blumenthal Roger S , Gerstenblith Gary , Leucker Thorsten M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are predominantly genetically determined and repeat measurements are generally considered unlikely to be clinically useful. However, the temporal variation of Lp(a) is not well characterized. Our aim was to determine the intra-individual variability of Lp(a) and whether a repeated measure reclassified Lp(a)-specific cardiovascular risk using the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) consensus statement risk categories.

Methods and results
This retrospective cohort study analysed initial and repeated serum Lp(a) levels measured using the same methodology from 609 individuals in the Nashville Biosciences database, a de-identified electronic medical records database. Baseline and follow-up paired values were significantly different (P &lt; 0.05), with an absolute change of ≥10 mg/dL in 38.1% [95% CI 34.2–42%] and a &gt;25% change in 40.5% [95% CI 36.6–44.3%] of individuals. Although the categories of those whose values were in the EAS low-risk and high-risk categories did not change, 53% of those in the intermediate ‘grey-zone’ category transitioned to either the low-risk (20%) or high-risk (33%) category. Black individuals exhibited greater variability than White individuals and women exhibited greater variability than men. There was a positive correlation between the baseline Lp(a) levels and the absolute changes in Lp(a), (r = 0.59, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Temporal-related changes in Lp(a) variability were present in many individuals. A repeat Lp(a) measure may allow more precise Lp(a)-specific cardiovascular risk prediction for individuals whose initial value is in the EAS-defined intermediate ‘grey-zone’ category. Lp(a) variability should be included in calculating the expected effect sizes in future clinical research studies targeting Lp(a).
Aspirin vs. clopidogrel monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention: 1-year follow-up of the STOPDAPT-3 trial
Authors: Watanabe Hirotoshi , Natsuaki Masahiro , Morimoto Takeshi , Yamamoto Ko , Obayashi Yuki , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kimura Tomoya , Ando Kenji , Domei Takenori , Suwa Satoru , Ogita Manabu , Isawa Tsuyoshi , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Takashi , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Hisauchi Itaru , Wakabayashi Kohei , Onishi Yuko , Hibi Kiyoshi , Kawai Kazuya , Yoshida Ruka , Suzuki Hiroshi , Nakazawa Gaku , Kusuyama Takanori , Morishima Itsuro , Ono Koh , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
There was no previous trial comparing aspirin monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy following short dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents.

Methods
In the STOPDAPT-3, patients with acute coronary syndrome or high bleeding risk (HBR) were randomly assigned to either 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and prasugrel followed by aspirin monotherapy (aspirin group) or 1-month prasugrel monotherapy followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (clopidogrel group). This secondary analysis compared aspirin monotherapy with clopidogrel monotherapy by the 30-day landmark analysis. The co-primary endpoints were the cardiovascular endpoint defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, or ischaemic stroke and the bleeding endpoint defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5.

Results
Of the 6002 assigned patients, 5833 patients (aspirin group: N = 2920 and clopidogrel group: N = 2913) were included in the 30-day landmark analysis. Median age was 73 (interquartile range 64–80) years, women 23.4%, acute coronary syndrome 74.6%, and high bleeding risk 54.1%. The assigned monotherapy was continued at 1 year in 87.5% and 87.2% in the aspirin and clopidogrel groups, respectively. The incidence rates beyond 30 days and up to 1 year were similar between the aspirin and clopidogrel groups for both cardiovascular endpoint [4.5 and 4.5 per 100 person-year, hazard ratio 1.00 (95% confidence interval .77–1.30), P = .97], and bleeding endpoint [2.0 and 1.9, hazard ratio 1.02 (95% confidence interval .69–1.52), P = .92].

Conclusions
Aspirin monotherapy compared with clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with similar cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes beyond 1 month and up to 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents (STOPDAPT-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04609111).
Flight-related determinants of healthcare services utilization of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany: a study based on the German Socio-Economic Panel
Authors: Grochtdreis Thomas , König Hans-Helmut , Dams Judith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between healthcare services utilization and flight-related characteristics of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany. The 2020 wave of the German Socio-Economic Panel’s Survey of Refugees was used to compile a sample of asylum seekers and refugees (n = 3134). Healthcare services utilization was measured using the self-reported number of visits to primary care physicians and hospitalization. Only the feeling of being welcome and worries about not being able to stay in Germany were identified as potential flight-related determinants of healthcare services utilization.
Speciation and species: a process perspective
Authors: Dupré John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This perspective article proposes that we should think of speciation in the context of a general processual ontology, in which organisms and lineages are seen as central, interdependent processes. It explains what is implied by process ontology with the example of the organism, to illustrate that processes can be persistent individuals, though generally requiring active stabilization. It then explores the idea that speciation should be seen as a bifurcation of a lineage. The relevant notion of species, as a temporal part of an evolving lineage, is narrower than the most inclusive basal taxonomic unit, so speciation in this sense is not applicable to all organisms. The lineage as concrete process is an evolved entity, and hence organisms pre-existed lineages and may still exist outside them.
Transitioning an In-Person Survey of Older Adults to Multimode Data Collection
Authors: Wiencrot Anna , O’Doherty Katie , Lawrence Daniel , Walsh Sara , Satorius Jennifer , Sedlak Lauren , Pudelek Kelly , O’Keefe Kaitlyn , Zepeda Evelyn , Park Hanvit , Hoffmann Joscelyn , You Hannah , McClintock Martha , Smith Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The first 3 rounds of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) were in-person. Preparing for Round Four (R4), NSHAP began developing ways to collect complex questionnaire and biomeasure data remotely. R4 was scheduled to begin in 2020, but due to the coronavirus pandemic, NSHAP delayed R4 data collection and instead conducted a study on respondents’ experiences during the pandemic, as well as pretests to strengthen NSHAP’s remote data collection capability. This paper describes the methodology, results, and lessons learned from these efforts, which were undertaken as a bridge between NSHAP’s all-in-person past and multimode future.

Methods
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Study was a multimode survey of NSHAP respondents to assess the impact of the pandemic. The multimode approach allowed evaluation of the feasibility of using different modes of data collection with older adults. NSHAP adapted its in-person questionnaire for phone and web administration and conducted pretests of the full phone questionnaire and sections of the web questionnaire. The project developed and tested a “BioBox,” a kit containing all the supplies and instructions for respondents to self-collect biomeasures remotely. The BioBox was tested through an in-lab and in-home pilot, followed by 2 larger-scale pretests.

Results
The COVID-19 Study and pretests achieved NSHAP respondent participation in remote questionnaire and biomeasure collection, despite being accustomed to fully in-person data collection.

Discussion
Our findings and experiences will inform the collection of NSHAP data in future rounds and could inform other panel studies of older adults considering multimode data collection.