bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of comprehensive NMR‐based analysis strategy in annotation, isolation and structure elucidation of low molecular weight metabolites of Ricinus communis seeds
Authors: Vučković Ivan , Rapinoja Marja‐Leena , Vaismaa Matti , Vanninen Paula , Koskela Harri 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionPowder‐like extract of Ricinus communis seeds contain a toxic protein, ricin, which has a history of military, criminal and terroristic use. As the detection of ricin in this “terrorist powder” is difficult and time‐consuming, related low mass metabolites have been suggested to be useful for screening as biomarkers of ricin.ObjectiveTo apply a comprehensive NMR‐based analysis strategy for annotation, isolation and structure elucidation of low molecular weight plant metabolites of Ricinus communis seeds.MethodologyThe seed extract was prepared with a well‐known acetone extraction approach. The common metabolites were annotated from seed extract dissolved in acidic solution using 1H NMR spectroscopy with spectrum library comparison and standard addition, whereas unconfirmed metabolites were identified using multi‐step off‐line HPLC‐DAD‐NMR approach.ResultsIn addition to the common plant metabolites, two previously unreported compounds, 1,3‐digalactoinositol and ricinyl‐alanine, were identified with support of MS analyses.ConclusionThe applied comprehensive NMR‐based analysis strategy provided identification of the prominent low molecular weight metabolites with high confidence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying the impact of time‐varying baseline risk adjustment in the self‐controlled risk interval design
Authors: Li Lingling , Kulldorff Martin , Russek‐Cohen Estelle , Kawai Alison Tse , Hua Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeThe self‐controlled risk interval design is commonly used to assess the association between an acute exposure and an adverse event of interest, implicitly adjusting for fixed, non‐time‐varying covariates. Explicit adjustment needs to be made for time‐varying covariates, for example, age in young children. It can be performed via either a fixed or random adjustment. The random‐adjustment approach can provide valid point and interval estimates but requires access to individual‐level data for an unexposed baseline sample. The fixed‐adjustment approach does not have this requirement and will provide a valid point estimate but may underestimate the variance. We conducted a comprehensive simulation study to evaluate their performance.MethodsWe designed the simulation study using empirical data from the Food and Drug Administration‐sponsored Mini‐Sentinel Post‐licensure Rapid Immunization Safety Monitoring Rotavirus Vaccines and Intussusception study in children 5–36.9 weeks of age. The time‐varying confounder is age. We considered a variety of design parameters including sample size, relative risk, time‐varying baseline risks, and risk interval length.ResultsThe random‐adjustment approach has very good performance in almost all considered settings. The fixed‐adjustment approach can be used as a good alternative when the number of events used to estimate the time‐varying baseline risks is at least the number of events used to estimate the relative risk, which is almost always the case.ConclusionsWe successfully identified settings in which the fixed‐adjustment approach can be used as a good alternative and provided guidelines on the selection and implementation of appropriate analyses for the self‐controlled risk interval design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High refractive index hyperbranched polyvinylsulfides for planar one‐dimensional all‐polymer photonic crystals
Authors: Gazzo Serena , Manfredi Giovanni , Pötzsch Robert , Wei Qiang , Alloisio Marina , Voit Brigitte , Comoretto Davide 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe report on the growth and characterization of one‐dimensional (1D) planar all‐polymer photonic crystals (PhC) with high dielectric contrast (Δn = 0.3) prepared by spin coating using hyperbranched polyvinylsulfide polymers (HB‐PVS) as high refractive index material and cellulose acetate as low refractive index material. Solution processable HB‐PVS show a near ultraviolet absorption inducing an increased refractive index in the visible‐near infrared (n = 1.68, λ = 1000 nm). HBPVS:Cellulose Acetate Distributed Bragg Reflectors show a very clear fingerprint of the photonic band gap possessing the expected polarized dispersion properties as a function of the incidence angle. Moreover, engineered microcavities tuned on the weak fluorescence spectrum of the HB‐PVS show directional fluorescence enhancement effects due to spectral redistribution of the emission oscillator strength. The combination of all these properties testifies the high optical quality of the obtained photonic structures thus indicating HB‐PVS as an interesting material for the preparation of such PhC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 73–80
Does fear of cancer recurrence differ between cancer types? A study from the population‐based PROFILES registry
Authors: van de Wal Marieke , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke , Prins Judith , Gielissen Marieke 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveKnowledge of factors associated with fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) may inform intervention development and improve patient care. The aims were (1) to compare FCR severity between cancer types and (2) to identify associations between FCR, demographics, medical characteristics, information provision and health‐related quality of life.MethodsCross‐sectional data were obtained from the Patient Reported Outcomes Following Initial Treatment and Long‐Term Evaluation of Survivorship registry. We included stage I and II survivors diagnosed with melanoma (n = 469), colorectal cancer (n = 861), endometrial cancer (n = 688), thyroid cancer (n = 218), Hodgkin (n = 103) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 276). Cancer survivors completed questionnaires on FCR (Impact of Cancer scale – Health Worries subscale), satisfaction with information provision (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ) INFO25, satisfaction scale) and health‐related quality of life (EORTC‐QLQ C30, Short Form 36‐item).ResultsA total of 2615 survivors completed the Impact of Cancer scale – Health Worries subscale. No significant differences in FCR severity were found between any of the cancer types (p = 0.063). A younger age, female gender, stage II disease, a shorter time since diagnosis, scheduled follow‐up appointments and comorbidity were associated with higher FCR (p < 0.01). Satisfaction with information provision was negatively correlated with FCR severity (r = −0.16, p < 0.05). Demographic and medical factors accounted for 6% of explained variance in FCR. The full model, also including health‐related quality of life, explained 15% and 19%, respectively.ConclusionFear of cancer recurrence seems to be a universal concern of cancer survivors rather than a cancer type‐specific problem. Gender, age and medical factors were identified as risk factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of HMX/TATB Composite Particles Using a Mechanochemical Approach
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Guo Xiaode , Wu Fei , Yan Ting 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo improve the safety of HMX, HMX/TATB composite particles were prepared using a mechanochemical approach. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the HMX particles before and after being coated. The results showed that the HMX particles were coated by submicrometer‐sized TATB particles. The crystal form of HMX maintained unchanged during the whole preparing process. The decomposition characteristics of HMX/TATB composite were investigated by DSC, showing that the decomposition peak temperature increased by 5.141 °C, while the phase transition temperature decreased by 4.064 °C. Compared with the uncoated HMX particles, the impact and friction sensitivities were decreased by 56.1 and 70 %. Moreover, the grinding mechanism was investigated and discussed.
On the Comparison of Small Nitrogen and Phosphorus Oxide Cages
Authors: Buszek Robert J. , Boatz Jerry A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAb initio electronic structure calculations, including a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, are employed to compare the stabilities of larger nitrogen oxide cages and phosphorus oxide cages relative to the cage compound c‐N2O3 , which has been previously investigated as a potential energetic oxidizer. The larger NO cages, c‐N2O6  and c‐N4O6 exhibit less internal strain but have significantly lower barriers to decomposition of 1.9 kJ mol−1 and 5.6 kJ mol−1 respectively, compared to 37.6 kJ mol−1 for c‐N2O3, at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level of theory. In contrast, the phosphorus oxide cage c‐P2O3 exhibits similar internal strain but has a significantly larger barrier to decomposition of 40.2 kJ mol−1 compared to the 24.4 kJ mol−1 of c‐N2O3 at CCSD(T)/CBS(Q‐5). Furthermore, NBO analysis shows that the PO bond is more ionic in nature compared to the NO bond. The reduced degree of ionic character leads to the kinetic instability of the nitrogen oxide cages and therefore renders them impractical as energetic oxidizers.
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Fish Response to Hydromorphological Processes
Authors: Wolter C. , Buijse A. D. , Parasiewicz P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper relates life cycle characteristics of fishes, their environmental tolerances, habitat requirements, and resilience against hydromorphological disturbances to a recently developed river typology providing a hierarchy of spatial units. It aims to identify the most relevant spatiotemporal scales for river restoration and environmental assessment.Most fish species, except diadromous and some potamodromous species, can complete their life cycle within a river reach and form sustainable populations within a river segment. They typically move within the spatial scale of river segments and have their home range within the river reach. By comprising heterogeneous patterns of different geomorphic and hydraulic units, the reach provides habitat complexity and heterogeneity that supports river‐type‐specific fish assemblages. The single units are often used temporarily or by specific life stages only underpinning the need for habitat diversity. Further, they might be only temporarily available. River fishes have evolved several life cycle adaptations to improve their resilience against stochastic disturbances, as high fecundity, multiple spawning, batch‐spawning, a protracted annual spawning season, and long life‐time fecundity with multi‐cyclic spawning. Therefore, they are well adapted to environmental variations driven by hydromorphological processes.Considering the home range of most species, representative sampling at the reach scale will cover all functional river elements, hydraulic, and geomorphic units, while accounting for their temporary or sporadic use by fish. Therefore, the reach scale appears as practicable and sufficient scale for fish‐based assessments and as highly relevant planning unit in hydromorphological river restoration practise. Nonetheless, reach‐scale characteristics are largely inherited from large‐scale geomorphic processes and multiple pressures at the catchment scale that may impact aquatic communities and river restoration success at the lower spatial scales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Energetic Salt based on Dinitramide
Authors: Zhao Jun , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang , Liu Qiangqiang , Tan Bisheng , Chu Shijin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe development of new ionic salt as green propellants is one of intense investigations to replace toxicN, N′‐dimethylhydrazine. A new energetic saltN, N′,N′′‐tri(propan‐2‐ylidene)methanetriamium dinitramide (NTAGDN) based on dinitramide was synthesized by reacting silver dinitramide with triaminoguanidinium chloride. The structure of this new energetic salt was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NTAGDN crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupR. Thermal decomposition was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric tandem infrared spectrometry. Results indicated that NTAGDN exhibited excellent resistance to thermal decompositions of up to 470 K and incurred an 80.54 % mass loss between 450 and 523 K via exothermic decomposition. The kinetic parameters of NTAGDN thermal decomposition were also obtained from the differential thermal analysis data by Kissinger's method withEa= 125.46 kJ·mol–1. Moreover, based on the Kamlet‐Jacobs formula, the detonation velocity and detonation pressure of NTAGDN were calculated as 6.3 km·s–1and 15 GPa, respectively.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Some New Magnesium Formamidinates
Authors: Cole Marcus L. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract[Mg(Form)2(THF)] [Form = bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)formamidinate (XylForm) (1), bis(2,6‐diethylphenyl)formamidinate, (EtForm) (2), bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)formamidinate (DippForm) (3)] are conveniently synthesized by treating bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)formamidine, bis(2,6‐diethylphenyl)formamidine, or bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)formamidine, respectively, with half an equivalent of dibutylmagnesium in THF. Compounds 1–3 are mononuclear species in the solid state with five coordinate central metal atoms. The 1H NMR chemical shift of the formamidinate formyl proton exhibits a correlation with ligand sterics wherein increasing bulk leads to a shift to higher field.
Mixed assemblages of drilling predators and the problem of identity in the fossil record: A case study using the muricid gastropodEcphora
Authors: Casey Michelle M. , Farrell Úna C. , Dietl Gregory P. , Veilleux David J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDrillholes made by naticid and muricid gastropods are frequently used in evolutionary and ecological studies because they provide direct, preservable evidence of predation. The muricidEcphorais common in many Neogene Atlantic Coastal Plain assemblages in the United States, but is frequently ignored in studies of naticid predation. We used a combination of Pliocene fossil, modern beach, and experimentally derived samples to evaluate the hypothesis thatEcphorawas an important source of drillholes in infaunal bivalve prey shared with naticids. We focused on the large, thick-shelled venerid,Mercenaria,which is commonly drilled by naticids today. Laboratory experiments, modern beach samples, and the published literature confirm that naticids preferentially drill near the umbo (significant clumping of holes), show a significant correlation between prey size and predator size (estimated by outer borehole diameter), and preferMercenaria<50 mm antero-posterior width when other prey are present. Fossil samples containingEcphora(with or without other large muricids) show no drillhole site stereotypy (no significant clumping, greater variability in placement), no significant predator: prey size correlation, drilled prey shells larger than the largest modern naticids could produce in an experimental setting, and drillholes larger in diameter than those estimated for the largest Pliocene naticids, thus supporting our hypothesis. Substantial overlap in the placement of holes drilled by naticids and muricids, however, made identifying predators from drillhole position problematic. The lack of overlapping ranges of prey shell thickness between fossil and other samples precluded the use of drillhole morphology to establish predator identity (e.g., ratio of inner borehole diameter to outer borehole diameter, drillhole angle). Whereas the difficulty in determining predator identity from drillholes limits the types of analyses that can be reliably performed in mixed-predator assemblages, recognizingEcphoraas a prominent drilling predator creates the opportunity to investigate previously unrecognized questions.
Ottoman Customs Registers (Gümrük Defterleri) as Sources for Global Exchange and Interaction
Authors: Darling Linda T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Ottoman Empire, contrary to the stereotype, was a key player in global commerce until well into the nineteenth century. Customs registers (gümrük defterleri) compiled by the Ottoman administration provide abundant information on ships, seamen, merchants, goods, and prices. This article summarizes the history of Ottoman customs taxation, enumerates the various types of records that contain information on trade and customs dues, and surveys current scholarship on the customs registers. It also includes lists of customs registers found in the Maliyeden Müdevver collection of the Prime Minister's Ottoman Archive (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi) and other collections also containing customs registers and related documents. The purpose is to stimulate further research into the Ottoman Empire's role in global interaction and exchange, a core topic in the growing field of world history.
Melvillipteris quadriseriatagen. et sp. nov., a new plant assigned to Rhacophytales from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) of Arctic Canada
Authors: XUE JIN-ZHUANG , BASINGER JAMES F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new plant of Late Devonian (Famennian) age,Melvillipteris quadriseriatagen. et sp. nov., is reported from Melville Island, Nunavut, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Main axes and two orders of lateral branches are recognized. The main axes are monopodial in habit, with a zigzag and/or upright appearance and dense adventitious roots attached on some internodes. First-order branches are inserted on the main axes in distichous pairs, showing a quadriseriate pattern (i.e. alternate pairs); they bear one or two sterile ultimate appendages on the proximal portions, and then distally bear alternate second-order branches. Second-order branches bear alternate ultimate appendages which may be fertile or sterile; the sterile ultimate appendages are composed of one or two successive dichotomies, terminating in oppositely recurved tips, and fertile appendages show an elaborate branching system. Each fertile appendage has an initial dichotomy forming two sister branches, each of which further divides three or four times to produce ultimate divisions terminated by sporangia. Two to four small fusiform sporangia are grouped in a truss which is supplied by penultimate division of the fertile appendage. The sporangia have a pointed tip and a longitudinal dehiscence. This new plant resembles other plants with a quadriseriate branching pattern (e.g.RhacophytonCrépin,CephalopterisNathorst,ProtocephalopterisAnaniev,EllesmerisHill, Scheckler & Basinger andProtopteridophytonLi & Hsü), and is assigned to the Rhacophytales. Its similarity to and divergence from the rhacophytaleans, cladoxylopsids and other related plants are discussed.
Partisan Participation and Ethnic Autonomy: The Case of the Mapuche Organisation Admapu, in Chile
Authors: NEIRA CHRISTIAN MARTÍNEZ , RODRÍGUEZ PATRICIA 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines the formation of Admapu – an organisation representing a broad sector of Mapuche society that resisted the actions of the Chilean dictatorship during the 1980s. In political memory, the period of agrarian reform marks a time of hope and strong participation, but here we show how an autonomy project developed within Admapu conflicted with those making political alliances with the Chilean Left. We examine the internal dynamics within Admapu, and argue that at the end of the decade the organisation divided into factions that cemented a rupture with the political system and brought about the formation of contemporary resistance movements.
Advance care planning in motor neuron disease: A systematic review
Authors: Murray Leigh , Butow Phyllis N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjective:Motor neuron disease (MND) is an incurable progressive illness, characterized by incessant deterioration of neuromuscular function. Timely commencement of advance care planning (ACP) may enable patients to participate in future care choices. The present systematic review aimed to summarize what is known about the prevalence, content, patient/caregiver benefits, healthcare professional (HCP) awareness/support, and healthcare outcomes associated with ACP in the MND setting.Method:Quantitative and qualitative studies were identified through database searches and eligibility assessed by one author and verified by her coauthor. Data extraction and quality assessments against standardized criteria were completed by the two authors.Results:Of the 422 studies identified, 16 were included. The research methods generally lacked rigor. Advance directive (AD) prevalence varied considerably across studies. Disease progression was the strongest predictor of AD completion. ACP processes may clarify patients' wishes and promote communication. HCP attitudes or lack of awareness may limit ACP processes. Varying patient preferences may make flexible approaches and timing necessary.Significance of results:Important benefits may be associated with ACP in the context of a motor neuron disease (e.g., feelings of control/relief and refusal of unwanted treatments). However, further evidence is required to verify findings and identify optimal streamlined approaches (e.g., use of decision aids) consistent with patients' (and caregivers') needs over time.
STAT3-mediated IGF-2 secretion in the tumour microenvironment elicits innate resistance to anti-IGF-1R antibody
Authors: Lee Ji-Sun , Kang Ju-Hee , Boo Hye-Jin , Hwang Su-Jung , Hong Sungyoul , Lee Su-Chan , Park Young-Jun , Chung Tae-Moon , Youn Hyewon , Mi Lee Seung , Jae Kim Byoung , Chung June-Key , Chung Yeonseok , William William N. , Kee Shin Young , Lee Hyo-Jong , Oh Seung-Hyun , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDrug resistance is a major impediment in medical oncology. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to innate resistance, to molecularly targeted therapies. In this study, we investigate the role of TME in resistance to cixutumumab, an anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody that has shown limited clinical efficacy. We show that treatment with cixutumumab accelerates tumour infiltration of stromal cells and metastatic tumour growth, and decreases overall survival of mice. Cixutumumab treatment stimulates STAT3-dependent transcriptional upregulation of IGF-2 in cancer cells and recruitment of macrophages and fibroblasts via paracrine IGF-2/IGF-2R activation, resulting in the stroma-derived CXCL8 production, and thus angiogenic and metastatic environment. Silencing IGF-2 or STAT3 expression in cancer cells or IGF-2R or CXCL8 expression in stromal cells significantly inhibits the cancer–stroma communication and vascular endothelial cells’ angiogenic activities. These findings suggest that blocking the STAT3/IGF-2/IGF-2R intercellular signalling loop may overcome the adverse consequences of anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody-based therapies.