bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
André du Bouchet : l'Homme qui marche
Authors: Collet-Hoblingre Amélie 
Published: December 2014

Résumé Qui est L’Homme qui marche d’Alberto Giacometti ? Peut-être est-ce André du Bouchet, ce poète et critique, qui se mesurait lui-même et physiquement au paysage dans l’épreuve de la marche (de multiples promenades averties et solitaires, au cours desquelles le poète transcrivait sur ses petits « carnets » son attention pneumatique à l’environnement, aux champs de silence et de vide qu’il traversait), cet ami fraternel d’Alberto Giacometti avec lequel il ne cessa de dialoguer dans ses œuvres et dont il partagea souvent le souffle et les pensées. Plus justement, cet homme en marche , c’est la poésie d’André du Bouchet : cette écriture dépouillée, profondément enracinée dans la réalité la plus élémentaire, incluant le vide dans sa progression, une progression pénible mais réelle. Cette marche attentive, quasi initiatique, liée à ce mouvement d’oscillation entre séparation et coïncidence. Refusant le processus final. Toujours en avant.
Le Christ et Marie. Enjeux d'une question théologique pour aujourd'hui
Authors: Souletie Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2014

Résumé La théologie mariale et la christologie vont de pair au xx e siècle. On a d’abord considéré l’économie du Verbe incarné. Marie l’a engendré à la nature humaine et il est ainsi le médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes. Marie est alors qualifiée de médiatrice auprès du Christ puisque c’est en elle que le Verbe s’est inséré dans l’humanité et qu’il est devenu solidaire de la communauté des hommes qu’il devait racheter. Avec Marialis cultus (1974), le pape Paul VI insiste sur l’aspect trinitaire, christologique et ecclésial de la mémoire de Marie dans le culte comme Lumen Gentium l’avait fait. Le pape Jean-Paul II dans Redemptoris mater développe la figure de Marie selon une théologie paulinienne de la grâce, de l’élection et de la justification par la foi : inscrite dans l’Église de Dieu sauvée par lui, Marie est comparée à Abraham (n? 14) dans sa foi. C’est donc vers l’anthropologie de l’acte de foi qu’on est maintenant dirigé. Dans Marie, Mère du Seigneur , le théologien jésuite K. Rahner soulignait à cet égard que Marie est l’exemple de la créature parfaitement accueillante, réceptive à la grâce. Ainsi le fiat de Marie est à la fois totalement don de la grâce et totalement acte de sa liberté. Envisagée ainsi, la coopération de la créature ne porte aucune atteinte à la souveraineté de Dieu.
Les références à la création dans le Psautier, entre emprunt et innovation
Authors: Ramond Sophie 
Published: December 2014

Le Psautier offre une variété de représentations de la création, reflétant une activité littéraire innovante qui n’hésite pas à puiser à des traditions littéraires du Proche-Orient ancien et à emprunter à des sources bibliques antérieures. Cet article examine trois aspects du motif de la création dans les psaumes : la maîtrise divine des eaux, la fondation de la terre et la création des astres. Il s’agit de montrer comment les psaumes participent activement à une culture littéraire plus large en accueillant des traditions cosmologiques diverses, tout en les réinterprétant de manière parfois radicale.
Le génocide des Tutsi rwandais vingt ans après
Authors: Audoin-Rouzeau Stéphane , Dumas Hélène 
Published: December 2014

Après 1994, les sciences sociales ont vite intégré dans leur champ de préoccupations le génocide des Tutsi rwandais. L’article questionne la manière dont s’est imposé le tropisme des ressemblances avec d’autres massacres de masse. Pourtant, certaines spécificités du génocide au Rwanda ont du mal à s’insérer dans les analyses. L’article attire l’attention sur trois aspects qui résistent efficacement aux outils des sciences sociales : le rôle de relais joué par les voisins et par la famille dans la logique des massacres ; la dimension spécifiquement religieuse de la violence extrême ; le phénomène des « crises traumatiques » lors des cérémonies mémorielles.
The High-pressure Thallium Triborate HP-TlB3O5
Authors: Sohr Gerhard , Perfler Lukas , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The thallium triborate HP-TlB3O5 (HP=high-pressure) was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure=high-temperature conditions of 6 GPa and 1400°C. A mixture of thallium carbonate Tl2CO3 and boric acid H3BO3 initially heated at 850°C under ambient-pressure conditions was used as a precursor for the high-pressure experiment. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data revealed that HP-TlB3O5 is isotypic to HP-M′B3O5 (M′ =K, Rb). Furthermore the B-O network is identical to the substitutional variants HP-M″B3O5 [M″ =Cs1-x(H3O)x (x=0.5 - 0.7), NH4]. HP-TlB3O5 crystallizes with eight formula units (Z =8) in the monoclinic space group C2=c (no. 15). The lattice parameters are a=996.3(2), b=884.0(2), c=913.1(2) pm, β =103:3(1)°, and V =782.5(3) Å3. Trigonal-planar BO3 groups, corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra, and B2O6 groups consisting of two edge-sharing BO4 tetrahedra are present in the structure, forming a three-dimensional network. The thallium ions are located in channels of the boron-oxygen network being tenfold coordinated by oxygen atoms and do not show any lone pair effect at all. IR and Raman spectroscopic investigations were performed on single crystals of the compound.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver(I) and Gold(I) Complexes Bearing a Pyrido-annelated N-Heterocyclic Carbene: A Rare Example of a Cocrystal Containing Two Different Gold(I) Complexes
Authors: Kriechbaum Margit , Otte Daniela , List Manuela , Monkowius Uwe 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The cyclohexyl-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-ium hexafluorophosphate, 2a, has been prepared as precursor for the respective pyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbene. [(NHC)2Ag]PF6, 3, has been synthesized by the reaction of 2a with AgCl=KOH in dichloromethane (DCM). Unexpectedly, the reaction of 3 with (tht)AuBr yielded both (NHC)AuBr and [(NHC)Au(tht)]PF6 which formed a 1 : 1 cocrystal (4a,b). The complexes are aggregated to infinite chains, which are governed by both π-π stacking and weak aurophilic interactions. Subsequent oxidation of the co-crystalline material with CsBr3 gave (NHC)AuBr3, 5. All compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Additionally, compounds 2a and 5 were investigated by electronic spectroscopy: 2a behaves like a typical aromatic compound exhibiting absorption and fluorescence bands attributable to π-π* transitions. The Au(III) complex 5 exhibits ligand-centered fluorescence at room temperature and both ligand-centered fluorescence and a weak phosphorescence at 77 K.
Imine-coordinated 2-Aminoazole Complexes of Au(I): Complicating Reactions and Verification of Products by Crystal Structure Determination
Authors: de Jongh Leigh-Anne , Dobrzańska Liliana , Strasser Christoph E. , Raubenheimer Helgard G. , Cronje Stephanie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
When Au(I) is provided with endocyclic soft thioether or endocyclic hard amine, endocyclic borderline imine and exocyclic hard amine coordination sites, the softer borderline endocyclic imine coordination site is favored. This is demonstrated by the synthesis and structural characterization (IR, MS, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR experiments and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis) of 2-aminoazole (2-amino-4-methylthiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole and 2- aminobenzimidazole) complexes of [AuPPh3]+ (1-3). An unusual ring opening is observed for the reaction of 2-aminothiazoline with [Au(NO3)PPh3] yielding μ2-(2-mercapto-ethyl-cyanamide- k,S)bis(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) nitrate (4). Reactions of 2-aminoazoles with Au(C6F5)THT (THT=tetrahydrothiophene) yield [Au(C6F5)2]- stabilized by various cations. The formation of Au(2-aminothiazoline)C6F5 is again the exception
Petit Lumbar Hernia—a Double-Layer Technique for Tension-Free Repair
Authors: Bigolin André Vicente , Rodrigues André Petter , Trevisan Camila Gueresi , Geist Ana Brochado , Coral Roberto Viña , Rinaldi Natalino , Coral Roberto Pelegrini 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This report describes an alternative technique for Petit hernia repair. The treatment of lumbar hernias should follow the concept of tension-free surgery, and the preperitoneal space can be the best place for prosthesis placement. An obese patient had a bulge in the right lumbar region, which gradually grew and became symptomatic, limiting her daily activities and jeopardizing her quality of life. She had previously undergone 2 surgical procedures with different incisions. We created a preperitoneal space and attached a mesh in this position. Another prosthesis was placed on the muscles, with a suitable edge beyond the limits of the defect. There were no complications. It has been described as a safe and tension-free repair for Petit hernia. In larger defects, a second mesh can be used to prevent further enlargement of the triangle and also to provide additional protection beyond the bone limits.
Changes in the Frequencies of Abdominal Wall Hernias and the Preferences for Their Repair: A Multicenter National Study From Turkey
Authors: Şeker Gaye , Kulacoglu Hakan , Öztuna Derya , Topgül Koray , Akyol Cihangir , Çakmak Atıl , Karateke Faruk , Özdoğan Mehmet , Ersoy Eren , Gürer Ahmet , Zerbaliyev Elbrus , Seker Duray , Yorgancı Kaya , Pergel Ahmet , Aydın İbrahim , Ensari Cemal , Bilecik Tuna , Kahraman İzzettin , Reis Erhan , Kalaycı Murat , Canda Aras Emre , Demirağ Alp , Kesicioğlu Tuğrul , Malazgirt Zafer , Gündoğdu Haldun , Terzi Cem 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Abdominal wall hernias are a common problem in the general population. A Western estimate reveals that the lifetime risk of developing a hernia is about 2%.1–3 As a result, hernia repairs likely comprise the most frequent general surgery operations. More than 20 million hernias are estimated to be repaired every year around the world.4 Numerous repair techniques have been described to date however tension-free mesh repairs are widely used today because of their low hernia recurrence rates. Nevertheless, there are some ongoing debates regarding the ideal approach (open or laparoscopic),5,6 the ideal anesthesia (general, local, or regional),7,8 and the ideal mesh (standard polypropylene or newer meshes).9,10
Trends in the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence region
Authors: Combes Vincent , Matano Ricardo P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObservations show abrupt changes in the oceanic circulation of the southwestern Atlantic. These studies report a southward drift of the Brazil/Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and a change in the spectral characteristics of the Malvinas Current (MC) transport. We address the cause of these changes using the result of a high‐resolution numerical experiment. The experiment, which is consistent with observations, shows a southward BMC displacement at a rate of 0.62°/decade between 1993 and 2008, and a shift of the spectral characteristics of the MC transport after 1999. We find that these changes are driven by a weakening of the northern branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which translates to a weakening of the MC transport and a southward BMC drift. The drift changes the spectral characteristics of the MC transport, which becomes more influenced by annual and semiannual variations associated with the BMC.
History of Correlational Measurement
Authors: Cowles Michael 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The beginnings of attempts to index the relationship between two or more variables began in the nineteenth century. A number of mathematicians produced theoretical underpinnings that lead to the concept of correlation, but none appreciated the practical applications of the method. Galton looked at correlation in the context of heredity with the aim of providing objective mathematical descriptions that would bolster his belief in, and demonstrate the truth of the social philosophy of planned heredity that he named
eugenics
. Pearson, a mathematician and also a eugenist, arrived at the best formula for the coefficient of correlation and it was named after him. Later, the methods of partial and multiple correlation followed. The methods of factor analysis were introduced and techniques for handling relationships among ordinal and nominal data added to the growing collection of statistical methods in the behavioral and biological sciences.
Multilingualism and Memory
Authors: Kazanas Stephanie A. , Altarriba Jeanette 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch with multilinguals has highlighted the general memory advantages of knowing more than one language. For example, Schroeder and Marian have cited better executive functioning in bilinguals than monolinguals, and research in the medical field has found a buffering effect of multilingualism on memory loss in the elderly. Other research has emphasized the differences in memory capacity or memory effects in a native language (L1) versus a second (L2) or third language. Although the focus of this entry is on the more applied areas of memory research with bilinguals and multilinguals, a brief primer on some basic findings with these populations is useful
Wilson,Deirdre and Relevance Theory
Authors: Allott Nicholas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeirdre Wilson (born 1941) is one of the key figures in the history of pragmatics since its emergence as a distinct field of research in the 1970s. She is professor of linguistics (now emerita) at the Division of Psychology and Language Sciences at University College London, and, since 2007, a research director of the Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature at the University of Oslo. With Dan Sperber she is the co‐founder of relevance theory, a theory of cognition and communication that is one of the leading programs of research in linguistic pragmatics and related areas.
Grammar and Institutional Discourse
Authors: Diani Giuliana 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInstitutional discourse is the specialized discourse used by social actors in various institutional contexts, such as law courts, universities, and public administrations, among others. This type of discourse can, of course, vary widely: it can be written or oral, formal/informal, use various channels (e.g., e‐mail, Web site), and exploit various registers and genres. In all these varieties, the discourse is very “managed” in the sense that lexical, grammatical, and rhetorical choices made by speakers and writers are crucial in implementing their goals.
Conversation Analysis of Computer‐Mediated Interactions
Authors: Tudini Vincenza 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis entry provides a brief overview of research which has been conducted using a conversation analysis (CA) approach to understand computer‐mediated interactions (henceforth CMIs). An increasing number of researchers use CA to investigate CMIs, because this methodology engages in systematic analysis of talk in everyday naturally occurring situations of social and institutional interaction. CA's central concern with interaction between human beings has provided researchers with a robust methodological foundation, based on previous work on phone and face‐to‐face conversation, to investigate new and unique forms of interaction in online settings, where participants are using either their first, additional or a foreign language (L1 or L2).
Insights into the Catalytic Activity of Nitridated Fibrous Silica (KCC‐1) Nanocatalysts from 15N and 29Si NMR Spectroscopy Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Lilly Thankamony Aany Sofia , Lion Cédric , Pourpoint Frédérique , Singh Baljeet , Perez Linde Angel J. , Carnevale Diego , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Vezin Hervé , Lafon Olivier , Polshettiwar Vivek 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFibrous nanosilica (KCC‐1) oxynitrides are promising solid‐base catalysts. Paradoxically, when their nitrogen content increases, their catalytic activity decreases. This counterintuitive observation is explained here for the first time using 15N‐solid‐state NMR spectroscopy enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization.
An Organic Molecule with Asymmetric Structure Exhibiting Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Delayed Fluorescence, and Mechanoluminescence
Authors: Xu Shidang , Liu Tingting , Mu Yingxiao , Wang Yi‐Fan , Chi Zhenguo , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Liu Siwei , Zhang Yi , Lien Alan , Xu Jiarui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCompounds displaying delayed fluorescence (DF), from severe concentration quenching, have limited applications as nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes and material sciences. As a nondoped fluorescent emitter, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials show high emission efficiency in their aggregated states. Reported herein is an AIE‐active, DF compound in which the molecular interaction is modulated, thereby promoting triplet harvesting in the solid state with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 93.3 %, which is the highest quantum yield, to the best of our knowledge, for long‐lifetime emitters. Simultaneously, the compound with asymmetric molecular structure exhibited strong mechanoluminescence (ML) without pretreatment in the solid state, thus exploiting a design and synthetic strategy to integrate the features of DF, AIE, and ML into one compound.
High Catalytic Activity of Nitrogen and Sulfur Co‐Doped Nanoporous Graphene in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ito Yoshikazu , Cong Weitao , Fujita Takeshi , Tang Zheng , Chen Mingwei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemical doping has been demonstrated to be an effective way to realize new functions of graphene as metal‐free catalyst in energy‐related electrochemical reactions. Although efficient catalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has been achieved with doped graphene, its performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is rather poor. In this study we report that nitrogen and sulfur co‐doping leads to high catalytic activity of nanoporous graphene in HER at low operating potential, comparable to the best Pt‐free HER catalyst, 2D MoS2. The interplay between the chemical dopants and geometric lattice defects of the nanoporous graphene plays the fundamental role in the superior HER catalysis.
Air‐Stable Cationic Gold(I) Catalyst Featuring a Z‐Type Ligand: Promoting Enyne Cyclizations
Authors: Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Matsumoto Chiaki , Okada Yasuhiko , Maruyama Naoya , Mukai Chisato 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn air‐stable cationic AuI complex featuring a Z‐type ligand (boron atom) as a σ‐acceptor was developed for elucidating the effect of B on catalytic reactions. An enyne cyclization in the presence of either [Au→B]+ or [Au]+ showed that [Au→B]+ promotes the reactivity, which enabled the effective construction of not only five‐ and six‐membered rings, but also seven‐membered rings.
Hydrogen Storage Materials: Room‐Temperature Wet‐Chemistry Approach toward Mixed‐Metal Borohydrides
Authors: Jaroń Tomasz , Orłowski Piotr A. , Wegner Wojciech , Fijałkowski Karol J. , Leszczyński Piotr J. , Grochala Wojciech 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe poor kinetics of hydrogen evolution and the irreversibility of the hydrogen discharge hamper the use of transition metal borohydrides as hydrogen storage materials, and the drawbacks of current synthetic methods obstruct the exploration of these systems. A wet‐chemistry approach, which is based on solvent‐mediated metathesis reactions of precursors containing bulky organic cations and weakly coordinating anions, leads to mixed‐metal borohydrides that contain only a small amount of “dead mass”. The applicability of this method is exemplified by Li[Zn2(BH4)5] and M[Zn(BH4)3] salts (M=Na, K), and its extension to other systems is discussed.
LED‐Illuminated NMR Studies of Flavin‐Catalyzed Photooxidations Reveal Solvent Control of the Electron‐Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Feldmeier Christian , Bartling Hanna , Magerl Kathrin , Gschwind Ruth M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMechanistic insights into chemical photocatalysis are mainly the domain of UV/Vis spectroscopy, because NMR spectroscopy has been limited by the type of illumination so far. An improved LED‐based illumination device can be used to obtain NMR reaction profiles of photocatalytic reactions under synthetic conditions and perform both photo‐CIDNP and intermediate studies. Flavin‐catalyzed photooxidations of alcohols show the potential of this setup. After identical initial photoreaction steps the stabilization of a downstream intermediate is the key to the further reaction mechanism and the reactivity. As a chemical photocatalyst flavin can act either as a one‐ or a two‐electron mediator when the stability of the zwitterionic radical pair is moldulated in different solvents. This demonstrates the importance of downstream intermediates and NMR‐accessible complementary information in photocatalytic reactions and suggests the control of photoorganic reactions by solvent effects.
Direct α‐Arylation of Ethers through the Combination of Photoredox‐Mediated CH Functionalization and the Minisci Reaction
Authors: Jin Jian , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe direct α‐arylation of cyclic and acyclic ethers with heteroarenes has been accomplished through the design of a photoredox‐mediated CH functionalization pathway. Transiently generated α‐oxyalkyl radicals, produced from a variety of widely available ethers through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), were coupled with a range of electron‐deficient heteroarenes in a Minisci‐type mechanism. This mild, visible‐light‐driven protocol allows direct access to medicinal pharmacophores of broad utility using feedstock substrates and a commercial photocatalyst.
Potential Mechanisms Leading to the Abnormal Lipid Profile in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Versus Healthy Volunteers and Reversal by Tofacitinib
Authors: Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Fleischmann Roy , Davignon Jean , Schwartz Howard , Turner Scott M. , Beysen Carine , Milad Mark , Hellerstein Marc K. , Luo Zhen , Kaplan Irina V. , Riese Richard , Zuckerman Andrea , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic inflammation is proposed to play a fundamental role in the altered lipid metabolism associated with RA; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We undertook this study to compare cholesterol and lipoprotein kinetics in patients with active RA with those in matched healthy volunteers.MethodsThis was a phase I open‐label mechanism‐of‐action study. Cholesterol and lipoprotein kinetics were assessed with 13C‐cholesterol and 13C‐leucine infusions. RA patients were reevaluated after receiving oral tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily for 6 weeks.ResultsLevels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A‐I (Apo A‐I) as well as HDL cholesterol particle number were lower in RA patients (n = 36) than in healthy volunteers (n = 33). In contrast, the cholesterol ester fractional catabolic rate was higher in RA patients, but no differences were observed in cholesterol ester transfer protein, cholesterol ester production rate, HDL‐associated Apo A‐I fractional catabolic rate, or LDL‐associated Apo B fractional catabolic rate. Following tofacitinib treatment in RA patients, the cholesterol ester fractional catabolic rate decreased and cholesterol levels increased. The decrease in cholesterol ester fractional catabolic rate correlated significantly with the increase in HDL cholesterol. Additionally, HDL cholesterol particle number increased and markers of HDL cholesterol function improved.ConclusionThis is the first study to assess cholesterol and lipoprotein kinetics in patients with active RA and matched healthy volunteers. The data suggest that low cholesterol levels in patients with active RA may be driven by increases in cholesterol ester catabolism. Tofacitinib treatment reduced cholesterol ester catabolism, thereby increasing cholesterol levels toward those in healthy volunteers, and markers of antiatherogenic HDL function improved.