bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Effects of the Combination of Chlorhexidine and Fluoride Varnish in Young Adult Population
Authors: Murthy BV Sreenivasa , Hegde Swaroop , Sumeera KH , Mathew Sylvia , George John V 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAim(1) Use of a cariogram to evaluate the caries risk assessment in the students. (2) To evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and fluoride varnish applications onStreptococcus mutansat a 3-month follow-up.Materials and methodsAll the students of first year BDS of MS Ramaiah Dental College were included in this study. Caries risk assessment was done using a Cariogram and the students were divided into moderate and low risk groups.Streptococcus mutanscount was assessed at baseline for both the groups. Chlorhexidine and fluoride varnish application was done in the moderate risk group at an interval of 1 week. After a period of 3 months, theStreptococcus mutanscount was determined for both the groups and the results statistically analyzed.ResultsA significant reduction in theStreptococcus mutanscount in the moderate risk group was seen at a 3 month follow-up.ConclusionThe combined use of both chlorhexidine and fluoride varnish applications reduced the oralStreptococcus mutanscount to significantly low levels in the study group at the 3-month follow-up.How to cite this articleSumeera KH, Mathew S, Hegde S, Murthy BVS, George JV. Antimicrobial Effects of the Combination of Chlorhexidine and Fluoride Varnish in Young Adult Population. World J Dent 2012;3(4):290-293.
Correlation between Health and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Population
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Rastogi Namrata , Madan Ravi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Impaired oral health interferes with the masticatory ability of an individual causing dietary restrictions, resulting in decreased intake for key nutrients, i.e. iron, fiber, vitamin C, etc. Therefore, the main aim of this survey was to assess whether the oral condition of geriatric population is directly or indirectly related to the intake of selected nutrients.

Aim
It is presumed that the number of teeth affect the type of food consumed by an individual. This choice of food may compromise the nutritional value of the diet. The aim of this study is to find a correlation between the nutritional statuses of an individual to the number of teeth present.

Materials and methods
The subjects from the local population available were equally divided on the basis of number of posterior occluding pairs (POP) present and the detailed information about the quantity and quality of food consumed was collected and then this available data was converted to nutritional intake value and then statistical analysis was undertaken.

Results
It is seen that body mass index (BMI) has no correlation with the dental status of an individual, but nutrient intake is directly related to the number of POPs of natural teeth.

Conclusion
In the present study, it was observed that edentulous participants consumed less dietary and crude fibers and consumed more saturated fat and cholesterol than participants with 21 or more teeth. Therefore, one must actively improve the oral care throughout his life to further increase the overall quality of life.

How to cite this article
Kumar D, Rastogi N, Madan R. Correlation between Health and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Population. World J Dent 2012;3(4):297-302.
Injection Molding Technique for Fabrication of Flexible Prosthesis from Flexible Thermoplastic Denture base Materials
Authors: Singh Kunwarjeet 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To know properties, step-by-step procedure for fabrication and insertion of flexible prosthesis.

Background
Flexible denture base materials were introduced to dentistry by the name of Valplast and Flexiplast in 1950's. Injection molding technique is used for fabrication of various types of prostheses from these materials and fluid resins. Pryor used injection molding technique for introducing unpolymerized acrylic resin into the mold. In the mid 1970's Ivoclar introduced an injection molding system which used an acrylic resin modified for the injection molding process. Recently, numbers of dental manufacturing companies have introduced injection molding systems.

Materials and methods
The flexible denture base materials are superpolyamides which are available in the form of granules in cylinders of different sizes. These materials are thermoplastic in nature and needed to be converted into fluid form before pouring into mold under pressure. Each cylinder should be plasticized for 15 to 20 minutes at 550 to 560°F in an electric cartridge furnace before injecting the material into the flask. While injecting, the cylinder should be aligned with opening of flask and the levers of the press should be turned rapidly to apply firm pressure until the springs of the press are fully compressed. The pressure should be maintained for 3 to 5 minutes and the flask should be allowed to bench cool for 15 to 20 minutes before opening.

Conclusion
This technique can be used for fabrication of different types of prostheses from flexible denture base materials and fluid resins.

How to cite this article
Singh K, Gupta N. Injection Molding Technique for Fabrication of Flexible Prosthesis from Flexible Thermoplastic Denture base Materials. World J Dent 2012;3(4):303-307.
Effect of Acidic Environment on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine™
Authors: Poplai Gaurav , Jadhav Sameer 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An apical sealing material may be exposed to an inflamed environment with low pH levels. The change in physical and chemical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate has been well-documented in the presence of low pH. However, on literature search there is no documentation of the effect of low pH on Biodentine™.

Aim
To compare the effects of various levels of acidic pH on the push-out bond strength of Biodentine™.

Materials and methods
Forty root dentin slices from single rooted human teeth were sectioned horizontally. The canal lumens were instrumented to obtain a standardized diameter of 1.3 mm and filled with Biodentine™. The specimens were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and wrapped in pieces of gauze soaked in phosphate buffer saline solution (pH = 7.4) and butyric acid buffered at pH values of 4.4, 5.4 and 6.4 respectively. They were incubated at 37°C for 4 days. Push-out test were then carried out using universal testing machine. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique with Tukey's correction for multiple group comparisons.

Results
Data was subjected to one-way ANOVA using Tukey's post hoc test. Group I (control, pH = 7.4) showed greatest bond strength of 19.5 ± 0.9 MPa. The least push-out bond strength of 11.7 ± 0.5 MPa was observed in Group IV where the specimens were soaked at pH 4.4. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

Conclusion
The force needed to displace Biodentine was significantly lower in samples stored at lower pH values.

How to cite this article
Poplai G, Jadhav S, Hegde V. Effect of Acidic Environment on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine™. World J Dent 2012;3(4):313-315.
Application of Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG Lasers in Cavity Preparation for Dental Tissues: A Literature Review
Authors: Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Santos CR , Tonetto MR , Presoto CD , Oliveira OB , Calabrez-Filho S , Andrade MF 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe laser has been widely used in many specialties of dentistry and several wavelengths have been investigated as a substitute for high-speed handpiece. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about the use of Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers in cavity preparation for dental tissues. Despite the differences in wavelength, pulse duration and energy, the morphological characteristics of the irradiated dentin surface with these lasers are comparable, as well as its effects as methods of dental caries prevention. Thus, Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG lasers prepared cavities with similar effects on the dental tissue, however, further investigations about ideal irradiation conditions are needed for both lasers.How to cite this articleSantos CR, Tonetto MR, Presoto CD, Bandéca MC, Oliveira OB Jr, Calabrez-Filho S, Andrade MF. Application of Er:YAG and Er, Cr:YSGG Lasers in Cavity Preparation for Dental Tissues: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2012;3(4):340-343.
Clear Cell Tumors of the Head and Neck: An Overview
Authors: Premalatha BR , Neethi H 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Clear cells are routinely encountered in the histopathological sections. They most frequently result from fixation artefacts; cytoplasmic accumulation of water, glycogen, lipids, mucins; hydropic degeneration of organelles, etc. When these clear cells predominate in a tumor, arriving at a definitive diagnosis becomes problematic. Thus, this review gives an idea of clear cells associated with various conditions, causes for clearing of these cells, clear cell tumors of the head and neck and a systematic approach towards arriving at an appropriate diagnosis of these tumors.

How to cite this article
Premalatha BR, Rao RS, Patil S, Neethi H. Clear Cell Tumors of the Head and Neck: An Overview. World J Dent 2012;3(4):344-349.
A Case Report of Mucormycosis of Faciotemporal Region Mimicking as Bacterial Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Jeelani Waqar , Kamal Yousaf 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is an invasive and unyielding fungal disease of immunocompromised patients with a reported increase in incidence over last couple of decades. The close resemblance of clinical features of mucormycosis with that of bacterial necrotizing fasciitis can lead to misdiagnosis and thus delay in appropriate management. The case presented here involves a similar scenario when a middle-aged patient with multiple systemic problems reported to the tertiary care hospital 7 days after facial trauma from a road traffic accident. There was a purple black ulcerating lesion over left midface that was misdiagnosed and treated as a case of bacterial necrotizing fasciitis. Despite extensive debridement under general anesthesia and administration of parentral antibiotics, the patient failed to survive. The results of histopathological examination of the debrided tissue, that became available after the death of the patient showed, growth of broad aseptate hyphae characteristic of mucorales. Late presentation, multiple systemic diseases and missed diagnosis of the condition were the main factors that resulted in the death of the patient within 72 hours of presentation.
Underlying immunocompromised states and late diagnosis of this condition remain the key issues that need to be addressed in developing countries. A high degree of clinical suspicion and aggressive diagnostic measures combined with prompt medical and surgical treatment are essential to improve the outcome.

How to cite this article
Jeelani W, Kamal Y. A Case Report of Mucormycosis of Faciotemporal Region Mimicking as Bacterial Necrotizing Fasciitis. World J Dent 2012;3(4):355-358.
A Single Visit Pulpectomy using Sx Rotary ProTaper File
Authors: Bijle Mohammed Nadeem Ahmed , Mhatre Swapnil H 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Single visit vital pulp therapy using rotary endodontic systems could be definitely the future for pediatric dentistry. Thus, this case presents the clinical sequence of single visit pulpectomy using Sx Rotary ProTaper file in primary molar.

How to cite this article
Mhatre SH, Bijle MNA, Patil SG. A Single Visit Pulpectomy using Sx Rotary ProTaper File. World J Dent 2012;3(4):367-370.
Effect of Methylxanthines (Coffee/tea Consumers) on Oral Precancer and Oral Cancer Patients with Smoking and Smokless Tobacco Habits
Authors: Ahmed Bijle Mohammed Nadeem , Zubairy Yasmeen F , Patil Vinayak W , Benjamin Tabita , Jangam Daya 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To study, whether the consumption of regular tea/coffee (methylxanthines) increases the risk of oral cancer in patients with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted on a total of 90 oral cancer and precancerous patients, from western Maharashtra (India) males in the age group of 20 to 45 years who were with smoking and smokeless tobacco habits; also regular tea/coffee consumers were subjected to biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) from saliva and serum of patients with oral precancer (submucous fibrosis, leukoplakia) and oral cancer patients and compared with 90-age and sex-matched controls. Individuals consent was taken to measure their biochemical parameters, by using Hafkenscheid method in whole saliva and serum. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's correction for multiple group comparisons was performed using Student t-test.

Results
Results show, that a statistically significant increase in value (p < 0.05) in ALT, AST in both saliva and serum was observed in precancerous and oral cancer patients among the study group as compared to the control group.

Conclusion
In the present study, there was increase in the levels of ALT, AST enzymes in both saliva and serum levels in the study group as compared to the control group which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) suggesting that long-term exposure of methylxanthines results in impairment of salivary gland antioxidant system which may affect the anticarcinogenic action of saliva.

Clinical significance
Oral fluids may be utilized effectively to study the variations in the biochemical constituents of saliva of leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and oral cancer patients.

How to cite this article
Zubairy YF, Patil VW, Benjamin T, Jangam D, Bijle MNA, Patil S. Effect of Methylxanthines (Coffee/ tea Consumers) on Oral Precancer and Oral Cancer Patients with Smoking and Smokless Tobacco Habits. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):745-748.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Airway Dimension Changes in Pre- and Postadenoidectomy Cases
Authors: Reddy Jayaprakash Thirumala , Korath Vinod Abraham , Adamala Naveen Reddy , Adusumilli Gopinath , Pichai Saravanan , Varma KVV Prathap 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim is to compare and evaluate the airway dimension changes, adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR), airway area and airway percentage in patients in pre- and postadenoidectomy with normal individuals.

Materials and methods
After obtaining informed consent, a sample of 15 patients (eight males and seven females) of 7 to 12 years were selected for adenoidectomy by an otolaryngologist, lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position before adenoidectomy and after 1 month postadenoidectomy. Statastical analysis was done to evaluate the results using Statastical Package for Social Sciences. Results showed airway (P1, P2, P3, P4), airway percentage, airway area showed singinficant increase (p < 0.0001), whereas ANR showed singnificant reduction after 1 month postadenoidectomy.

Conclusion
One month postadenoidectomy showed increased airway area, airway percentage and reduced ANR.

Clinical significance
Obstructive mouth breathing due to adenoids in growing children can cause alteration in craniofacial morphology leading to adenoid facies, adenoidectomy procedure helps in alleviating the obstruction and facilitates the normal growth of craniofacial complex.

How to cite this article
Reddy JT, Korath VA, Adamala NR, Adusumilli G, Pichai S, Varma KVVP. Cephalometric Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Airway Dimension Changes in Pre- and Postadenoidectomy Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012; 13(6):764-768.
A Clinical Study to Evaluate and Compare the Masticatory Performance in Complete Denture Wearers with and without Soft Liners
Authors: Tata Sreeharsha 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
Soft liners are mainly used with complete dentures in case of poor mucosal conditions and for the even distribution of masticatory forces. However, there is some doubt as to whether the elasticity of the soft liner disturbs masticatory function because denture wearers may need extra force to compress the soft liners, leading to muscle fatigue. So, this clinical study was done to evaluate and compare the masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with and without the use of soft liners.

Materials and methods
Twenty edentulous subjects were selected for the study. For each patient two sets of complete dentures were fabricated. First set without the use of soft liner and the second one for using with soft liner. Peanuts were selected as test food for the study and the chewed food was pooled for a single measurement and then poured on sieves. Both filter and filtrate were collected and was centrifuged. Masticatory performance in this study has been quantitated by dividing the volume of test food passing through the sieve by the total volume of test food recovered. The fraction is then expressed as a percent.

Results
With the paired t-test performed, significant difference was found between the masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with and without the use of soft liners. 5% difference was seen in the mean performance.

Conclusion
It has been concluded from this study that, masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with the use of soft liners was improved by 5% when compared to the patients wearing complete dentures without using soft liners.

Clinical significance
This present study indicates that the masticatory performance enhanced with the use of soft liners for complete denture patients.

How to cite this article
Tata S, Nandeeshwar DB. A Clinical Study to Evaluate and Compare the Masticatory Performance in Complete Denture Wearers with and without Soft Liners. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):787-792.
Evaluation of Canine Retraction through Distraction of the Periodontal Ligament: A Clinical Study
Authors: Kumar KV Sujan , Umashankar K , Kumar D Pradeep , Kumar D Praveen 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of canine distraction and also to evaluate the position of canine in the arch after distraction.

Materials and methods
The study sample consisted of five patients, (4 males and 1 female), in the age group of 14 to 25 years who needed canine retraction (ten maxillary canines including both left and right) and first premolar extraction as their treatment protocol were included in the study. This study used a in-house manufactured periodontal ligament distractor.

Results
The maxillary canines were distracted distally by 6.42 mm in three and half weeks with a distal tipping of around 15.1° and the maxillary first molars tipped mesially by an average of 6.1°. The maxillary canines rotated mesiobucally by an average of 7.8° bilaterally. Conclusion: Canines can be distracted rapidly with minimal effects on the vitality and the periodontal condition and almost all of extraction space can be used for anterior dental alignment or retraction. Maxillary canines can be rapidly retracted into the first premolar extraction space at the rate of about 2.43 mm per week.

Conclusion
Canines can be distracted rapidly with minimal effects on the vitality and the periodontal condition and almost all of extraction space can be used for anterior dental alignment or retraction. Maxillary canines can be rapidly retracted into the first premolar extraction space at the rate of about 2.43 mm per week.

Clinical significance
The overall treatment time is reduced as the time taken for retraction of canine is decreased considerably from 6 and 8 months to 3 weeks. Also there is no significant anchorage loss during this period and is well suitable for cases with group a anchorage where the whole extraction space is needed for retraction of anterior teeth.

How to cite this article
Kumar KVS, Umashankar K, Kumar DP, Kumar DP. Evaluation of Canine Retraction through Distraction of the Periodontal Ligament: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):799-805.
Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases
Authors: Girish KS , Ramesh GC , Pradeep MC , Kumar G Arun , Suresh BS 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesOrthodontists generally agree that nonextraction treatment is associated with downward and backward rotation of the mandible and an increase in the lower anterior face height (LAFH). They also agree that extraction line of treatment is associated with upward and forward rotation of the mandible and decrease in the LAFH. The intent of this cephalometric investigation was to examine the wedge hypothesis, that the vertical dimension collapses after first bicuspid extraction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cephalometric overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases.Materials and methodsForty-five adult patients having high mandibular plane angle, i.e. Gogn – SN more than or equal to 32° having class I molar and canine relation were included. Preand post-treatment lateral cephalograms were measured and compared to analyze the cephalometric changes.ResultsThere was no decrease in the overbite and vertical changes following first premolar extraction in high angle cases.Clinical significanceThe facial complex does increase in size with growth, but mandibular plane while moving inferiorly, remain essentially parallel to its pretreatment position due to residual growth and treatment mechanics.ConclusionThe study concluded that, There was no decrease in the vertical facial dimension, overbite and mandibular plane angle. However, it should be interpreted with caution, given the small sample size.How to cite this articleRamesh GC, Pradeep MC, Kumar GA, Girish KS, Suresh BS. Over-bite and Vertical Changes following First Premolar Extraction in High Angle Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):812-818.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shankar T , Rao N Venugopal , Gowd Snigdha , Ahmed Syed Tauqheer , Vinod V , Goud M Vikas 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle.Materials and methodsIn this study, a total of 60 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points as follows:• Point AIncisive papilla,• Point B and CCanine region on either side• Point E and GMidpoint of tuberosities on either side• Point FMidpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities• Point DMidpoint between the line joining A and FGroup ATen maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle.Group A’Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by New Press or RS tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle.The distances between the reference points, i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, C-D, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance and HSD Multiple Comparison Test.ResultsThe overall results of the study indicate that among all the denture bases cured by the two clamping systems and the long curing cycle, group A‘ were the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A.ConclusionThe study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the New Press method using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable denture bases.How to cite this articleShankar T, Gowd S, Ahmed ST, Vinod V, Goud MV, Rao NV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):842-849.