bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of Birmingham hip resurfacing at 12 to 15 years
Authors: Daniel J. , Pradhan C. , Ziaee H. , Pynsent P. B. , McMinn D. J. W. 
Published: October 2014

We report a 12- to 15-year implant survival assessment of a prospective single-surgeon series of Birmingham Hip Resurfacings (BHRs). The earliest 1000 consecutive BHRs including 288 women (335 hips) and 598 men (665 hips) of all ages and diagnoses with no exclusions were prospectively followed-up with postal questionnaires, of whom the first 402 BHRs (350 patients) also had clinical and radiological review. Mean follow-up was 13.7 years (12.3 to 15.3). In total, 59 patients (68 hips) died 0.7 to 12.6 years following surgery from unrelated causes. There were 38 revisions, 0.1 to 13.9 years (median 8.7) following operation, including 17 femoral failures (1.7%) and seven each of infections, soft-tissue reactions and other causes. With revision for any reason as the end-point Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed 97.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 96.9 to 97.9) and 95.8% (95% CI 95.1 to 96.5) survival at ten and 15 years, respectively. Radiological assessment showed 11 (3.5%) femoral and 13 (4.1%) acetabular radiolucencies which were not deemed failures and one radiological femoral failure (0.3%). Our study shows that the performance of the BHR continues to be good at 12- to 15-year follow-up. Men have better implant survival (98.0%; 95% CI 97.4 to 98.6) at 15 years than women (91.5%; 95% CI 89.8 to 93.2), and women < 60 years (90.5%; 95% CI 88.3 to 92.7) fare worse than others. Hip dysplasia and osteonecrosis are risk factors for failure. Patients under 50 years with osteoarthritis fare best (99.4%; 95% CI 98.8 to 100 survival at 15 years), with no failures in men in this group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1298–1306.
Factors associated with an unfavourable outcome after Salter innominate osteotomy in patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Kaneko H. , Kitoh H. , Mishima K. , Matsushita M. , Kadono I. , Ishiguro N. , Hattori T. 
Published: October 2014

Salter innominate osteotomy is an effective reconstructive procedure for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), but some children have a poor outcome at skeletal maturity. In order to investigate factors associated with an unfavourable outcome, we assessed the development of the contralateral hip. We retrospectively reviewed 46 patients who underwent a unilateral Salter osteotomy at between five and seven years of age, with a mean follow-up of 10.3 years (7 to 20). The patients were divided into three groups according to the centre–edge angle (CEA) of the contralateral hip at skeletal maturity: normal (> 25°, 22 patients), borderline (20° to 25°, 17 patients) and dysplastic (< 20°, 7 patients). The CEA of the affected hip was measured pre-operatively, at eight to nine years of age, at 11 to 12 years of age and at skeletal maturity. The CEA of the affected hip was significantly smaller in the borderline and dysplastic groups at 11 and 12 years of age (p = 0.012) and at skeletal maturity (p = 0.017) than in the normal group. Severin group III was seen in two (11.8%) and four hips (57.1%) of the borderline and dysplastic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Limited individual development of the acetabulum was associated with an unfavourable outcome following Salter osteotomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1419–23.
Post-fire development of canopy structure and composition in black spruce forests of Abitibi, Québec: a landscape scale study
Authors: Harper Karen , Bergeron Yves , Gauthier Sylvie , Drapeau Pierre 
Published: October 2014

Fire reconstruction and forest inventory maps provided an opportunity to study changes in stand-level characteristics following fire using a data set comprised of all forest stands of fire origin in an area of over 10Â 000 km2. We assigned the date of the most recent fire occurrence to over 31Â 000 forest stands in an ecoforestry database. We categorized stands on different substrates into age classes to investigate differences in canopy composition, cover and height, and incidence of secondary disturbance. Stands with over 75% Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP dominated all age classes on organic sites. On other substrates, there was a change in canopy composition from deciduous stands and stands dominated by Pinus banksiana Lamb. to Picea mariana stands after about 100 yr. This transition was later for xeric sites. After a peak in canopy cover and height at about 100 yr, there was a decrease in the area occupied by stands with dense, tall canopies. Structural development was slower on less productive sites. There was little incidence of spruce budworm outbreaks. Partial disturbance by windthrow coincided with canopy break-up at 100 yr, but appeared to have little effect on overall canopy structure in later stages. Structural diversity was independent of compositional diversity; on organic sites, stands with similar composition had different canopy structure. Diversity of stands with different composition and structure was greatest in the first 150 yr following fire. Maintaining stands in different stages of structural development on the landscape would serve to maintain regional biodiversity.
Intravenous Leiomyomatosis with Intracardiac Extension: Echocardiographic Study and Literature Review
Authors: Li Rongjuan , Shen Yanguang , Sun Yan , Zhang Chuanchen , Yang Ya , Yang Jiao , Su Ruijuan , Jiang Bo 
Published: October 2014

Uterine leiomyomatosis is a common disease in women; however, intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracaval and intracardiac tumor extension is rare. We sought to analyze the clinical and echocardiographic features of intracardiac leiomyomatosis.
From January 2003 through July 2012, 7 women (age range, 24–59 yr) underwent surgical resection of histopathologically diagnosed intracardiac leiomyomas at our hospital. Most of the patients had histories of hysterectomy or uterine leiomyoma. We retrospectively analyzed their preoperative echocardiograms. We found that the tumors had no stalks, did not adhere to the wall of the right side of the heart, were highly mobile, and moved back and forth in the right atrium near the tricuspid orifice. All tumors originated from the inferior vena cava and had borders well demarcated from that structure's wall. Most of the masses extended into the inferior vena cava and right atrium through the right internal and common iliac veins. Computed tomograms revealed pelvic tumors and contiguous filling defects in 6 patients.
When echocardiograms reveal a right-sided cardiac mass that originates from the inferior vena cava, particularly in women who have a history of hysterectomy or uterine leiomyoma, intracardiac leiomyomatosis should be suspected. If the mass has no stalk and freely moves within the inferior vena cava and right-sided cardiac chambers without attachment to the endothelial surface or endocardium, intracardiac leiomyomatosis should be diagnosed. We discuss our findings and briefly review the relevant medical literature.
Effect of Revascularization of Chronic Total Occlusion on Tandem Stenoses in a “Donor” Artery
Authors: Sachdeva Rajesh 
Published: October 2014

The presence, severity, and extent of ischemia predict the outcome of coronary artery disease. Indeed the extent of myocardial ischemia and viability determines the value of revascularization in coronary stenosis after acute myocardial infarction. In multivessel coronary artery disease, noninvasive methods for the evaluation of ischemia are often inadequate to guide percutaneous coronary intervention. It is a common misperception that revascularization might not benefit a myocardial segment in the chronic total occlusion distribution when that segment is supplied by well-developed collateral vessels, because severe ischemia is unlikely to be present under these circumstances.
An 82-year-old man presented with acute coronary syndrome, tandem stenoses in a “donor” artery, and a chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery. We present a rationale for using fractional flow reserve to determine the existence of ischemia and to aid in deciding the best approach to the treatment of that ischemia.
“V+向”结构的词汇化与介词并入
Authors: 罗 耀华 , 贺 黎 
Published: October 2014

提要本文着重分析了“V+向”类结构的词汇化，并从介词并入角度进行了跨语言的比较。“向”经历了由动转介的语法化过程，介词“向”萌芽于两汉，到魏晋南北朝完成介词化，到唐五代时期，“向”的介词功能最终确定并且稳固下来，完成了向介词演变的漫长的语法化道路。通过介词并入，“V+向”结构也经历了词汇化过程，互信息值计算和语感调查的结果都表明“V+向”词汇化程度比较高，是典型的介词并入现象。“V+向”类结构融合度的高低，与三个因素有关，即“V”、“向”、“O”的类型及其互动有关，“V”对“向”、“O”具有选择性，“O”对“V”具有反作用。根据介词并入相关理论对其他语言的考察表明，介词并入在其他语言中也存在。汉语的“V+向”结构中的“向”通过介词并入，“向”并入动词，在原来的空位留下一个语迹。这是形式上的并入，也是句法-语义上的并入。介词“向”并入，是词汇化的手段之一，其前提是“向”的语法化的完成。
Comparison of dualizing complexes
Authors: Zhong Changlong 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

We prove that there is a map from Bloch's cycle complex to Kato's
complex of Milnor K-theory, which induces a quasi-isomorphism from
cycle complex mod pr
to Moser's complex of
logarithmic de Rham–Witt sheaves. Next we show that the truncation
of Bloch's cycle complex at -3 is quasi-isomorphic to Spiess'
dualizing complex. In the end, we prove that a weak form of the Gersten conjecture implies that Sato's dualizing complex is quasi-isomorphic to Bloch's complex.
A new method of choosing primitive elements for Brezing–Weng families of pairing-friendly elliptic curves
Authors: Yoon Kisoon 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper we present a new method of choosing primitive elements for Brezing–Weng families of pairing-friendly elliptic curves with small rho-values, and we improve on previously known best rho-values of families [J. Cryptology 23 (2010), 224–280], [Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. 5209, Springer (2008), 126–135]
for the embedding degrees

k
=
16

$k=16$

, 22, 28, 40 and 46. We consider elements of the form

(
a
+
b

-
D

)

ζ
k

$(a+b\sqrt{-D})\zeta _k$

for rational numbers a, b and a square-free positive integer D, where

ζ
k

$\zeta _k$

is a primitive k-th root of unity. We also investigate the conditions for an element of the proposed form to be suitable for our construction. Our construction uses fixed discriminants.
Free and total cortisol levels are useful prognostic markers in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tarjányi Zita , Montskó Gergely , Kenyeres Péter , Márton Zsolt , Hágendorn Roland , Gulyás Erna , Nemes Orsolya , Bajnok László , L Kovács Gábor , Mezősi Emese 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe role of cortisol in the prediction of mortality risk in critical illness is controversial in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of cortisol concentrations in a mixed population of critically ill patients in medical emergencies.DesignIn this prospective, observational study, measurement of total (TC) and free cortisol (FC) levels was made in the serum samples of 69 critically ill patients (39 males and 30 females, median age of 74 years) at admission (0 h) and 6, 24, 48, and 96 h after admission.MethodsCortisol levels were determined using HPLC coupled high-resolution ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The severity of disease was calculated by prognostic scores. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 software.ResultsThe range of TC varied between 49.9 and 8797.8 nmol/l, FC between 0.4 and 759.9 nmol/l. The levels of FC at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h and TC at 0, 6 h were significantly elevated in non-survivors and correlated with the predicted mortality. The prognostic value of these cortisol levels was comparable with the routinely used mortality scores. In predictive models, FC at 6, 24, and 48 h proved to be an independent determinant of mortality.ConclusionsThe predictive values of FC in the first 2 days after admission and TC within 6 h are comparable with the complex, routinely used mortality scores in evaluating the prognosis of critically ill patients. The cortisol response probably reflects the severity of disease.
Review of the Old World Leafhopper Genus Futasujinus Ishihara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini), with Description of Three New Species
Authors: Zhang Huining , Dai Wu , Zhang Yalin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The Old World leafhopper genus Futasujinus Ishihara is revised and redescribed. Eight species, including three new species, are recognized in the genus: F. amuriensis (Metcalf) (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia), F. biarmatus Dlabola (Mongolia), F. candidus (Matsumura) (China, Russia, Korea, and Japan), F. dietrichi sp. nov. (China), F. hastatus sp. nov. (China), F. koreacolaKwon & Lee, 1979 (Korea), F. towadensis (Matsumura) (Japan), and F. truncates sp. nov. (China). All species from China are described. A key to the species in this genus is given, and their genital structures are illustrated.
Comparative Study of the Antennae of Dendroctonus rhizophagus and Dendroctonus valens (Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Sensilla Types, Distribution and Club Shape
Authors: López María Fernanda , Armendáriz-Toledano Francisco , Sámano Jorge E Macías , Shibayama-Salas Mineko , Zúñiga Gerardo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We compared the antennae of two sibling bark beetle species, Dendroctonus rhizophagus Thomas and Bright and Dendroctonus valens LeConte, to identify biologically and taxonomically relevant differences. Specifically, we characterized the diversity of sensilla types by using environmental scanning electron microscopy, quantified the abundance and distribution of the different types of sensilla on the antennal club, and characterized club shape through multivariate and geometric morphometric analyses. We identified four classes of sensilla in both species: chaetica, fluted, trichodea (three distinct types), and basiconica (long and short). ANOVA and MANOVA demonstrated that the number and distribution of sensilla with the potential for chemoreception (i.e., short and long basiconica) differed between species and sexes. Notably, the long sensilla basiconica in the third sensory band were clustered in D. rhizophagus but not in D.valens. Geometric morphometric analysis using 27 landmarks showed that antennal club shape differed significantly between the two species and was not correlated with antennal size. The shape differences were associated with the number and distribution of sensilla.
Anti‐Inflammatory Protein Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α–Stimulated Protein 6 (TSG‐6) Promotes Early Gingival Wound Healing: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Beltran Stacy R. , Svoboda Kathy K.H. , Kerns David G. , Sheth Akash , Prockop Darwin J. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α–stimulated protein 6 (TSG‐6). TSG‐6 modulates proinflammatory cytokine cascades and enhances tissue repair. This study tests the effects of recombinant human TSG‐6 (rhTSG‐6) on gingival wound healing within the first 2 days post‐surgery.Methods: After gingival resection in 120 Sprague‐Dawley rats, 2 µg rhTSG‐6 in 5‐µL phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or the same volume of only PBS solution was injected into gingival tissue approximating the surgical wound. Control animals did not receive injections. Tissue biopsies and blood were collected at 1 to 2, 6 to 8, 24, and 48 hours post‐surgery (n = 10 per group). Specimens were analyzed via histologic analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification and comparison of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Wound photographs were taken for a double‐masked clinical assessment at each time period. Weights were recorded for all animals pre‐ and post‐surgery.Results: Animals injected with rhTSG‐6 had significantly less severe clinical inflammation at 6 to 8 (P = 0.01228), 24 (P = 0.01675), and 48 (P = 0.0186) hours. Sham and control animals had more weight loss at 24 and 48 hours. Sham and control animals had more pronounced cellular infiltrate. rhTSG‐6‐treated animals had significantly less MPO (P = 0.027) at 24 hours and IL‐1β (P = 0.027) at 24 and 48 hours. IL‐6 showed a marginal significant difference at 6 to 8 hours, but there was no significant difference for TNF‐α.Conclusion: rhTSG‐6 reduced postoperative gingival inflammation by reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular infiltrate and may offer significant promise as an anti‐inflammatory agent for gingival surgery.
Goodwill Impairment Charges and Analyst Forecast Properties
Authors: Chen Lucy Huajing , Krishnan Jayanthi , Sami Heibatollah 
Published: October 2014

SYNOPSIS
We examine the association between goodwill impairment charges and analysts' forecast accuracy and dispersion. We compare a test sample of firm-quarters with reported goodwill impairment charges during 2003–2007, and two control samples (matched on propensity scores and performance) of firm-quarters that do not report impairment charges. We find that analysts' forecasts are less accurate and more dispersed for the impairment sample than for the control samples. The magnitude of impairment charges is also negatively associated with forecast accuracy and positively associated with forecast dispersion. However, two forms of monitoring, auditor industry specialization and institutional ownership, reduce the adverse effect of goodwill impairments on analyst forecast dispersion.
JEL Classifications: G14; M41; M44
The Effect of China's Weak Institutional Environment on the Quality of Big 4 Audits
Authors: Ke Bin , Lennox Clive S. , Xin Qingquan 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether China's weak institutional environment results in lower-quality audits by the Big 4 firms. We find that the Big 4 assign their less experienced partners to companies that are listed only in China compared with clients cross-listed in Hong Kong. The Big 4 are less likely to issue modified audit reports, and they charge lower audit fees for clients that are listed only in China. Finally, companies listed only in China have larger signed abnormal accruals than do companies cross-listed in Hong Kong. Overall, we conclude that the weak institutional environment in China results in the Big 4 firms providing lower-quality audits to companies that are listed only in China.
Empagliflozin Reduces Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Tikkanen Ilkka , Narko Kirsi , Zeller Cordula , Green Alexandra , Salsali Afshin , Broedl Uli C. , Woerle Hans J. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients (N = 825) with type 2 diabetes and hypertension (mean seated systolic blood pressure [SBP] 130–159 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80–99 mmHg) were randomized (double blind) to 10 mg or 25 mg empagliflozin or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.

RESULTS
At week 12, adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in mean 24-h SBP (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) was −3.44 mmHg (95% CI −4.78, −2.09) with 10 mg empagliflozin and −4.16 mmHg (−5.50, −2.83) with 25 mg empagliflozin (both P &lt; 0.001). At week 12, adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in mean 24-h DBP (ABPM) was −1.36 mmHg (95% CI −2.15, −0.56) with 10 mg empagliflozin and −1.72 mmHg (95% CI −2.51, −0.93) with 25 mg empagliflozin (both P &lt; 0.001). Changes in office BP were consistent with ABPM. Adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in HbA1c at week 12 was −0.62% (95% CI −0.72, −0.52) (−6.8 mmol/mol [95% CI −7.9, −5.7]) with 10 mg empagliflozin and −0.65% (95% CI −0.75, −0.55) (−7.1 mmol/mol [95% CI −8.2, −6.0]) with 25 mg empagliflozin (both P &lt; 0.001). Empagliflozin was well tolerated. One patient on placebo and one patient on 10 mg empagliflozin reported events consistent with volume depletion.

CONCLUSIONS
Empagliflozin was associated with significant and clinically meaningful reductions in BP and HbA1c versus placebo and was well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Transnasal odontoid resection: is there an anatomic explanation for differing swallowing outcomes?
Authors: Van Abel Kathryn M. , Mallory Grant W. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , M.D.  , Moore Eric J. , Price Daniel L. , O’Brien Erin K. , Olsen Kerry D. , Krauss William E. , Clarke Michelle J. , Jentoft Mark E. , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Swallowing dysfunction is common following transoral (TO) odontoidectomy. Preliminary experience with newer endoscopic transnasal (TN) approaches suggests that dysphagia may be reduced with this alternative. However, the reasons for this are unclear. The authors hypothesized that the TN approach results in less disruption of the pharyngeal plexus and anatomical structures associated with swallowing. The authors investigate the histological and gross surgical anatomical relationship between pharyngeal plexus innervation of the upper aerodigestive tract and the surgical approaches used (TN and TO). They also review the TN literature to evaluate swallowing outcomes following this approach.

Methods
Seven cadaveric specimens were used for histological (n = 3) and gross anatomical (n = 4) examination of the pharyngeal plexus with the TO and TN surgical approaches. Particular attention was given to identifying the location of cranial nerves (CNs) IX and X and the sympathetic chain and their contributions to the pharyngeal plexus. S100 staining was performed to assess for the presence of neural tissue in proximity to the midline, and fiber density counts were performed within 1 cm of midline. The relationship between the pharyngeal plexus, clivus, and upper cervical spine (C1-3) was defined.

Results
Histological analysis revealed the presence of pharyngeal plexus fibers in the midline and a significant reduction in paramedian fiber density from C-2 to the lower clivus (p < 0.001). None of these paramedian fibers, however, could be visualized with gross inspection or layer-by-layer dissection. Laterally based primary pharyngeal plexus nerves were identified by tracing their origins from CNs IX and X and the sympathetic chain at the skull base and following them to the pharyngeal musculature. In addition, the authors found 15 studies presenting 52 patients undergoing TN odontoidectomy. Of these patients, only 48 had been swallowing preoperatively. When looking only at this population, 83% (40 of 48) were swallowing by Day 3 and 92% (44 of 48) were swallowing by Day 7.

Conclusions
Despite the midline approach, both TO and TN approaches may injure a portion of the pharyngeal plexus. By limiting the TN incision to above the palatal plane, the surgeon avoids the high-density neural plexus found in the oropharyngeal wall and limits injury to oropharyngeal musculature involved in swallowing. This may explain the decreased incidence of postoperative dysphagia seen in TN approaches. However, further clinical investigation is warranted.
Comment le district trouve-t-il de nouvelles façons d'être grand ? La reconfiguration des liens avec le territoire dans les districts industriels italiens : le cas du district de la chaussure de Montebelluna
Authors: Lanciano Émilie 
Published: October 2014

Notre article se propose de mener une analyse de la dynamique d’un district industriel italien de la chaussure, notamment sous le double effet de la crise économique traversée par les économies européennes et des nouvelles conditions de la concurrence internationale. En retraçant la trajectoire du développement de ce district, il s’agit d’observer comment s’agence et se ré-agence l’organisation collective des entreprises et des acteurs sous contrainte à la fois interne et externe, et comment sont reconfigurés les rapports entre les entreprises et leur territoire. Comment le district trouve-t-il de nouvelles façons d’être grand ?