bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case formulation in personality disordered offenders – A Delphi survey of professionals
Authors: Völlm Birgit 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundCase formulation (CF) integrates information about an individual to conceptualise the factors causing and maintaining their current difficulties. It is a core clinical skill for both psychologists and psychiatrists. The recent UK government Offender Personality Disorder (PD) Strategy proposes a key role of probation staff in CF. Yet, CF in forensic settings has only recently received research attention, and it is unclear how and by whom it ought to be performed.AimsThis study aimed to gain consensus on the key characteristics of CF in PD offenders.MethodsWe conducted an electronic Delphi survey of experts with a background in psychology or psychiatry.ResultsConsensus was achieved on who can perform CF, who it should be offered to and the benefits, process, theoretical models and content of CF. A cognitive–behavioural therapy or schema‐focused model was felt to be best suited to inform CF in PD offenders. No agreement was achieved on the assessment of quality of CF.DiscussionOur findings support the government's PD strategy in that experts agreed that CF could be performed by professionals other than psychiatrists and psychologists. However, more research is needed on how to best assess the quality of CF and its utility in determining treatment pathways.Clinical implicationsIt may be possible for probation staff to take on a more active role in CF for PD offenders using a cognitive–behavioural or schema‐focused model. However, a significant amount of training will be required for probation staff to acquire the relevant skills. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total saphenous vein graft occlusions in the contemporary era
Authors: Garg Nadish , Hakeem Abdul , Gobal Freij , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion to a saphenous vein graft is currently not recommended because the benefit/risk ratio is considered unfavorable. However, there is a patient subset with clinical ischemia, and PCI of the native chronic total occlusion (CTO) is unfavorable. In this setting, PCI to the saphenous vein graft (SVG) may have utility. We reviewed our experience to determine its value in the modern era.Methods and ResultsThis was a single‐center retrospective study of all patients undergoing PCI to SVG CTO. Of 161 patients undergoing SVG PCI during the study period, 27 patients underwent 28 SVG CTO PCI, which was technically successful in 79% (22/28). There were 2 intra‐procedural Q wave myocardial infarctions. At 30 days there were no adverse events after hospital discharge. Angina relief was significantly better at 30 days in successful (n = 21) vs. unsuccessful (n = 6) PCI(90% vs. 33% P < 0.01). At the last available follow‐up (591 ± 407 days), angina improvement persisted (80.1% vs. 33%, P < 0.01). Long‐term adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionPCI to SVG CTO is feasible with a reasonable success rate, safety profile, and improvement in angina in contemporary practice. This approach may be considered in highly selected patients where revascularization to the ischemic territory is appropriate and the native CTO is technically difficult to recanalize. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incidence and prognostic value of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients older than 75 years of age
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Schulz Stefanie , Fusaro Massimiliano , Cassese Salvatore , Byrne Robert A. , Richardt Gert , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the impact of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the outcome of patients >75 years of age.BackgroundLimited information exists on the impact of post‐PCI bleeding on the outcome in elderly patients.MethodsThis study included 3,255 patients >75 years of age. Bleeding events were assessed using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. The primary outcome was 1‐year mortality.ResultsWithin 30 days after PCI, bleeding occurred in 501 patients (15.4%). Bleeding according to BARC was: class 1 (170 patients; 33.9%), class 2 (81 patients; 16.2%), class 3a (177 patients; 35.3%), class 3b (65 patients; 13.0%), class 3c (four patients; 0.8%), and class 4 (four patients; 0.8%). There were 201 deaths within the first year after PCI: 61 deaths (12.3%) among bleeders and 140 deaths (5.1%) among nonbleeders (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–2.91, P < 0.001). Bleeding improved the discriminatory power of multivariable model for mortality prediction (P = 0.001). Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.49 [1.17–1.88], P = 0.001) and reduced renal function (adjusted OR = 1.30 [1.04–1.63], P = 0.019 for each 30 ml/min decrease in the creatinine clearance) were independent associates of increased bleeding risk. Bivalirudin reduced the bleeding risk by 24% compared with unfractionated heparin and 33% compared with abciximab plus unfractionated heparin.ConclusionsPost‐PCI bleeding is an important prognostic factor in patients >75 years of age. The risk for bleeding in this age category is increased in women and patients with impaired renal function. Bleeding risk is reduced by bivalirudin. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assembling a Phthalocyanine and Perylenediimide Donor–Acceptor Hybrid through a Platinum(II) Diacetylide Linker
Authors: Jiménez Ángel J. , Sekita Michael , Caballero Esmeralda , Marcos M. Luisa , Rodríguez‐Morgade M. Salomé , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn a novel electron‐donor–acceptor conjugate, phthalocyanine (Pc) and perylenediimide (PDI) are connected through a trans‐platinum(II) diacetylide linker to yield Pc‐Pt‐PDI 1. In the ground state, the presence of PtII disrupts the electronic communication between the two electroactive components, as revealed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical studies. The photophysical behavior of 1 is compared with that of the corresponding Pc‐PDI electron‐donor–acceptor conjugate 2 in terms of charge separation and charge recombination. The insertion of PtII between Pc and PDI impacts the results in a longer‐lived Pc.+/PDI.− radical ion‐pair state. In addition, the intermediately formed Pc triplet excited state is formed with higher quantum yields in 1 than in 2.
Cyclodextrin‐Modified Zeolites: Host–Guest Surface Chemistry for the Construction of Multifunctional Nanocontainers
Authors: Szarpak‐Jankowska Anna , Burgess Christine , De Cola Luisa , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe functionalization of nanoporous zeolite L crystals with β‐cyclodextrin (CD) has been demonstrated. The zeolite surface was first modified with amino groups by using two different aminoalkoxysilanes. Then, 1,4‐phenylene diisothiocyanate was reacted with the amino monolayer and used to bind CD heptamine by using its remaining isothiocyanate groups. The use of the different aminoalkoxysilanes, 3‐aminopropyl dimethylethoxysilane (APDMES) and 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), led to drastic differences in uptake and release properties. Thionine was found to be absorbed and released from amino‐ and CD‐functionalized zeolites when APDMES was used, whereas functionalization by APTES led to complete blockage of the zeolite channels. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the CD groups covalently attached to the zeolite crystals could bind adamantyl‐modified dyes in a specific and reversible manner. This strategy allowed the specific immobilization of His‐tagged proteins by using combined host–guest and His‐tag‐Ni‐nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) coordination chemistry. Such multifunctional systems have the potential for encapsulation of drug molecules inside the zeolite pores and non‐covalent attachment of other (for example, targeting) ligand molecules on its surface.
X‐ray Structural Analysis of Tau‐Tubulin Kinase 1 and Its Interactions with Small Molecular Inhibitors
Authors: Xue Yafeng , Wan Paul T. , Hillertz Per , Schweikart Fritz , Zhao Yanlong , Wissler Lisa , Dekker Niek 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTau‐tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase that putatively phosphorylates residues including S422 in tau protein. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is the primary cause of tau pathology and neuronal death associated with Alzheimer’s disease. A library of 12 truncation variants comprising the TTBK1 kinase domain was screened for expression in Escherichia coli and insect cells. One variant (residues 14–313) could be purified, but mass spectrometric analysis revealed extensive phosphorylation of the protein. Co‐expression with lambda phosphatase in E. coli resulted in production of homogeneous, nonphosphorylated TTBK1. Binding of ATP and several compounds to TTBK1 was characterized by surface plasmon resonance. Crystal structures of TTBK1 in the unliganded form and in complex with ATP, and two high‐affinity ATP‐competitive inhibitors, 3‐[(6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐4‐yl)amino]phenol (1) and methyl 2‐bromo‐5‐(7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ylamino)benzoate (2), were elucidated. The structure revealed two clear basic patches near the ATP pocket providing an explanation of TTBK1 for phosphorylation‐primed substrates. Interestingly, compound 2 displayed slow binding kinetics to TTBK1, the structure of TTBK1 in complex with this compound revealed a reorganization of the L199–D200 peptide backbone conformation together with altered hydrogen bonding with compound 2. These conformational changes necessary for the binding of compound 2 are likely the basis of the slow kinetics. This first TTBK1 structure can assist the discovery of novel inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Hardfats as crystallization modifiers of cocoa butter
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Badan , Basso Rodrigo Corrêa , dos Santos Adenilson Oliveira , Andrade Guilherme Calligaris , Cardoso Lisandro Pavie , Kieckbusch Theo Guenter 
Published: September 2013

Hardfats, or fully hydrogenated oils, consist of materials with homogeneous composition, composed of high melting point triacylglycerol. Hardfats are regarded as relatively new materials, and remain unexplored in lipid technology, notwithstanding being low‐cost industrial products. They can behave as modulators of the crystallization process, acting as preferential nuclei for ordering the crystal lattice and inducing specific polymorphic habits, with great potential for use in crystallization processes. This work evaluated the influence of the addition of different hardfats on the crystallization patterns of cocoa butter (CB). Fully hydrogenated oils with significantly different chemical composition, obtained from palm kernel oil (FHPKO), palm oil (FHPO), cottonseed oil (FHCO), soybean oil (FHSO), and crambe oil (FHCrO), were considered. Blends of CB/hardfats, at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% (by weight) were produced and the crystallization isotherms, thermal behavior, and polymorphism determined. Hardfats FHPO, FHCO, FHSO, and FHCrO proved to be effective additives to modulate the crystallization characteristics of CB, in respect to crystallization kinetics and thermal behavior. Only the hardfat from crambe oil, FHCrO, presented stabilizing effect on the polymorphism of CB, delaying the transition V → VI.Practical applications: The use of hardfats as crystallization additives in products containing CB, for technological adjustment of CB formulations in order to harmonize events like solidification kinetics, thermal behavior, and polymorphism. Hardfats may act as potential modulators of CB crystallization, with the purpose to obtain higher quality products at significantly reduced cost in industrial processing.
Synthesis and Stability of a 2′‐O‐[N‐(Aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyladenosine‐Containing Dinucleotide
Authors: Milton Stefan , Ander Charlotte , Honcharenko Dmytro , Honcharenko Małgorzata , Yeheskiely Esther , Strömberg Roger 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWorking towards the synthesis of 2′‐O‐[N‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐modified di‐ and oligonucleotides, we have synthesised a protected 2′‐O‐[N‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐modified adenosine where the modification is introduced in a convenient one‐pot three‐step procedure. The corresponding H‐phosphonate building block was also synthesised, and from this intermediate, a 2′‐O‐[N‐(aminoethyl)carbamoyl]methyl‐containing dinucleotide could be made. We also performed studies on the chemical and enzymatic stability of this dinucleotide. The dinucleotide was subjected to different ammonolysis and other basic conditions, and HPLC analysis showed that the modification was intact to most conditions, but that there was some minor hydrolysis when NH3 (concd. aq.) was used at 55 °C. Under several other sets of conditions, including saturated NH3 in methanol, and ethylenediamine, the amide remained intact. Treatment of the dinucleotide with Phosphodiesterase I from Crotalus adamanteus venom and Phosphodiesterase II from bovine spleen showed that the N‐(aminoethyl)carbamoylmethyl moiety gives the phosphodiester linkage substantial protection against enzymatic degradation; the phosphodiester was not degraded by PDE II at all after seven days.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted α‐Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives from Trisubstituted α‐Aminophosphonates
Authors: Vicario Javier , Ortiz Pablo , Palacios Francisco 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn efficient method for the preparation of quaternary α‐aminophosphonic acid derivatives is reported. The nucleophilic addition of organometallic reagents to α‐ketiminophosphonates allows the preparation of quaternary α‐aminophosphonates. The diastereoselective synthesis of a quaternary α‐aminophosphonate using a chiral tartaric‐acid‐derived phosphonate is also described.
Seismic response control using electromagnetic inertial mass dampers
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Fukukita Akira , Tamura Kazuo , Yamazaki Issei , Matsuoka Taichi , Hiramoto Kazuhiko , Sunakoda Katsuaki 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new type of electromagnetic damper with rotating inertial mass that has been developed to control the vibrations of structures subjected to earthquakes. The electromagnetic inertial mass damper (EIMD) consists of a ball screw that converts axial oscillation of the rod end into rotational motion of the internal flywheel and an electric generator that is turned by the rotation of the inner rod. The EIMD is able to generate a large inertial force created by the rotating flywheel and a variable damping force developed by the electric generator. Device performance tests of reduced‐scale and full‐scale EIMDs were undertaken to verify the basic characteristics of the damper and the validity of the derived theoretical formulae. Shaking table tests of a three‐story structure with EIMDs and earthquake response analyses of a building with EIMDs were conducted to demonstrate the seismic response control performance of the EIMD. The EIMD is able to reduce story drifts as well as accelerations and surpasses conventional types of dampers in reducing acceleration responses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Closed‐form aftershock reliability of damage‐cumulating elastic‐perfectly‐plastic systems
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Giorgio Massimiliano , Chioccarelli Eugenio 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYMajor earthquakes (i.e., mainshocks) typically trigger a sequence of lower magnitude events clustered both in time and space. Recent advances of seismic hazard analysis stochastically model aftershock occurrence (given the main event) as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with rate that decays in time as a negative power law. Risk management in the post‐event emergency phase has to deal with this short‐term seismicity. In fact, because the structural systems of interest might have suffered some damage in the mainshock, possibly worsened by damaging aftershocks, the failure risk may be large until the intensity of the sequence reduces or the structure is repaired. At the state‐of‐the‐art, the quantitative assessment of aftershock risk is aimed at building tagging, that is, to regulate occupancy. The study, on the basis of age‐dependent stochastic processes, derived closed‐form approximations for the aftershock reliability of simple nonevolutionary elastic‐perfectly‐plastic damage‐cumulating systems, conditional on different information about the structure. Results show that, in the case hypotheses apply, the developed models may represent a basis for handy tools enabling risk‐informed tagging by stakeholders and decision makers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and the occurrence of western North Pacific tropical cyclones
Authors: Zhang Wei , Leung Yee , Min Jinzhong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study examines links between the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and the occurrence of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) at both interannual and decadal scales. The major findings are summarized as follows: (1) NPGO makes significant impacts on the WNP TC frequency at both interannual and decadal time scales. The impacts of NPGO on the TC activity are more profound than those exerted by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. (2) Niño 3 plays a more important role than Niño 3.4 and Niño 4 in modulating the decadal WNP TC activity. (3) Positive low‐level relative vorticity and weak zonal vertical wind shear are responsible for the increase in the WNP TC activity in negative NPGO phases. This study indicates that the NPGO and Niño 3 indices should be key factors for building a scheme for decadal prediction of occurrences of WNP TCs.
Multifactor, Sequentially Releasing Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering:Fabrication Using Solvent/Nonsolvent Sintering Technology
Authors: Ne'eman Nitsa , Marbach Daphna , Chen‐Konak Limor , Kaufman‐Francis Keren , Berkovich Merav , Levenberg Shulamit , Lotan Noah , Sivan Sarit 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBiodegradable constructs, providing both mechanical support to growing tissues and timed release of biological agents, are highly desired in tissue engineering. This study aimed to develop a platform technology that responds to these challenges. Accordingly, we report herein on model systems in which microspheres of poly(suberic anhydride), containing all‐trans retinoic acid (atRA), and poly(d,l‐lactic acid‐co‐glycolic acid), containing bovine serum albumin (BSA), were co‐sintered at room temperature, using a solvent/nonsolvent mixture. These scaffolds release about 60% of atRA and negligible amounts of BSA within the first five days, followed by slower and steady release of BSA. They have pores of 150–500 μm and a compressive modulus of 200 kPa. Myoblasts and fibroblasts were seeded on the loaded scaffolds and both showed enhanced proliferation rates. Based on sound thermodynamic principles of polymer science, this technology demonstrates an as yet unachieved degree of versatility. It allows for the tailoring of “intelligent” scaffolds that preserve the integrity of the incorporated agents and of advanced modalities to release various drugs in a scheduled manner.
Characterization of the human kinetic adjustment factor for the health risk assessment of environmental contaminants
Authors: Valcke Mathieu , Krishnan Kannan 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA default uncertainty factor of 3.16 (√10) is applied to account for interindividual variability in toxicokinetics when performing non‐cancer risk assessments. Using relevant human data for specific chemicals, as WHO/IPCS suggests, it is possible to evaluate, and replace when appropriate, this default factor by quantifying chemical‐specific adjustment factors for interindividual variability in toxicokinetics (also referred to as the human kinetic adjustment factor, HKAF). The HKAF has been determined based on the distributions of pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., half‐life, area under the curve, maximum blood concentration) in relevant populations. This article focuses on the current state of knowledge of the use of physiologically based algorithms and models in characterizing the HKAF for environmental contaminants. The recent modeling efforts on the computation of HKAF as a function of the characteristics of the population, chemical and its mode of action (dose metrics), as well as exposure scenario of relevance to the assessment are reviewed here. The results of these studies, taken together, suggest the HKAF varies as a function of the sensitive subpopulation and dose metrics of interest, exposure conditions considered (route, duration, and intensity), metabolic pathways involved and theoretical model underlying its computation. The HKAF seldom exceeded the default value of 3.16, except in very young children (i.e., <≈ 3 months) and when the parent compound is the toxic moiety. Overall, from a public health perspective, the current state of knowledge generally suggest that the default uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for human variability in non‐cancer risk assessments of environmental contaminants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current strategies in meniscal regeneration
Authors: Hasan Jahid , Fisher John , Ingham Eileen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe meniscus plays an important role in the biomechanics and tribology of the knee joint. Damage to or disease of the meniscus is now recognized to predispose to the development of osteoarthritis. Treatment of meniscal injury through arthroscopic surgery has become one of the most common orthopedic surgical procedures, and in the United States this can represent 10 to 20% of procedures related to the knee. The meniscus has a limited healing capacity constrained to the vascularized periphery and therefore, surgical repair of the avascular regions is not always feasible. Replacement and repair of the meniscus to treat injuries is being investigated using tissue engineering strategies. Promising as these approaches may be, there are, however, major barriers to overcome before translation to the clinic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 619–634, 2014.