bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under-reporting of conflicts of interest among trialists: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rasmussen Kristine , Schroll Jeppe , Gøtzsche Peter C , Lundh Andreas 
Published: November 2014

Objectives To determine the prevalence of conflicts of interest (COIs) among Danish physicians who are authors of clinical drug trial reports and determine the extent of undisclosed COIs in trial publications. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting The 100 most recent drug trial reports with at least one Danish non-industry employed physician author published in a journal adhering to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' (ICMJE) manuscript guidelines. For each article, two observers independently extracted trial characteristics and the authors' COIs. Disclosed COIs were compared to what was registered on the Danish Health and Medicines Authority's public disclosure list. Participants Trial authors who are Danish physicians. Main outcome measures Number of disclosed and undisclosed COIs. Results One observer screened 928 articles and two observers assessed 120 articles for eligibility. The 100 included trials were published from February 2011 to May 2013 and included 318 Danish non-industry employed authors. Eighty-six of the 318 authors (27%) reported one or more COIs in the journal article. We found undisclosed COIs for 40 of 318 authors (13%) related to the trial sponsor or manufacturer of trial drugs. Seventy-nine of 318 authors (25%) had undisclosed COIs related to competing companies manufacturing drugs for the same indication and 136 (43%) had undisclosed COIs with any drug manufacturer. Conclusions Almost half of all authors had undisclosed COIs in clinical trials reported in journals adhering to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ manuscript guidelines. Self-declared COIs cannot be trusted, but public registries may assist editors in ensuring that more COIs are being reported.
Diagnostic Yield of MRI for Pediatric Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kachniarz Bart , Chen Jenny X. , Gilani Sapideh , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review to analyze the diagnostic yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pediatric hearing loss, including comparison to computed tomography (CT) and subgroup evaluation according to impairment severity and specific diagnostic findings (cochlear anomalies, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, cochlear nerve abnormalities, and brain findings).Data SourcesPubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were assessed from their inception through December 2013. Manual searches were also performed, and topic experts were contacted.Review MethodsData from studies describing the use of MRI with or without comparison to CT in the diagnostic evaluation of pediatric patients with hearing loss were evaluated, according to a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two independent evaluators corroborated the extracted data. Heterogeneity was evaluated according to the I2 statistic.ResultsThere were 29 studies that evaluated 2434 patients with MRIs and 1451 patients with CTs that met inclusion/exclusion criteria. There was a wide range of diagnostic yield from MRI. Heterogeneity among studies was substantial but improved with subgroup analysis. Meta‐analysis of yield differences demonstrated that CT had a greater yield than MRI for enlarged vestibular aqueduct (yield difference 16.7% [95% CI, 9.1%‐24.4%]) and a borderline advantage for cochlear anomalies (4.7% [95% CI, 0.1%‐9.5%]). Studies were more likely to report brain findings with MRI.ConclusionsThese data may be utilized in concert with that from studies of risks of MRI and risk/yield of CT to inform the choice of diagnostic testing.
Lymphedema Outcomes in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Smith Brad G. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Little Leila G. , Skoracki Roman J. , Rosenthal David I. , Lai Stephen Y. , Lewin Jan S. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to describe the presentation of external head and neck lymphedema in patients treated for head and neck cancer and to examine their initial responses to complete decongestive therapy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingMD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.Subjects and MethodsThe charts of patients who were evaluated for head and neck cancer at MD Anderson Cancer Center after treatment (January 2007–January 2013) were retrospectively reviewed. Response to complete decongestive therapy was evaluated per changes in lymphedema severity rating or surface tape measures. Predictors of therapy response were examined on the basis of regression models.ResultsThe cases of 1202 patients were evaluated. Most patients (62%) had soft reversible pitting edema (MD Anderson Cancer Center stage 1b). Treatment response was evaluated for 733 patients; 439 (60%) improved after complete decongestive therapy. Treatment adherence independently predicted complete decongestive therapy response (P <. 001).ConclusionsThese data support the effectiveness of a head and neck cancer–specific regimen of lymphedema therapy for cancer patients with external head and neck lymphedema. Our findings suggest that head and neck lymphedema is distinct from lymphedema that affects other sites, thus requiring adaptations in traditional methods of management and measurement.
Direct comparison of visual and quantitative bone marrow FDG-PET/CT findings with bone marrow biopsy results in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: does bone marrow FDG-PET/CT live up to its promise?
Authors: Adams Hugo JA , Kwee Thomas C , Fijnheer Rob , Dubois Stefan V , Nievelstein Rutger AJ , de Klerk John MH 
Published: November 2014

Background Detection of bone marrow involvement using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative to standard blind bone marrow biopsy (BMB) of the posterior iliac crest in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, studies that directly compare FDG-PET/CT results with histopathology are currently lacking. Purpose To directly compare both visual and quantitative bone marrow FDG-PET/CT to BMB at the right posterior iliac crest in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL. Material and Methods A total of 40 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL, who had undergone FDG-PET/CT before BMB of the right posterior iliac crest, were retrospectively included. FDG-PET/CT images were visually assessed for bone marrow involvement in the right posterior iliac crest. 3D partial volume corrected mean standardized uptake value (cSUVmean), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) were measured in the right posterior iliac crest, using volume of interest analysis. BMB of the right posterior iliac crest was used as reference standard for bone marrow involvement. Results Sensitivity and specificity of visual FDG-PET/CT analysis for the detection of bone marrow involvement in the right posterior iliac crest were 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–53.4%) and 100% (95% CI, 87.6–100%), respectively. cSUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak of BMB-negative patients (1.4 ± 0.49, 2.2 ± 0.69, and 1.7 ± 0.59, respectively) considerably overlapped with those of BMB-positive patients (1.8 ± 0.53, 2.7 ± 0.71, and 2.2 ± 0.61, respectively). Conclusion In a local, head-to-head comparison with BMB, the diagnostic value of both visual and quantitative FDG-PET/CT for the detection of bone marrow involvement is low in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL.
Weight loss prior to bariatric surgery: An updated review of the literature
Authors: Gerber P. , Anderin C. , Thorell A. 
Published: November 2014

Background and Aims: Prior to bariatric surgery, a preoperative weight-reducing regimen is usually adhered to in most centers. The clinical effects of such a regimen are yet to be determined. Material and Methods: We reviewed the current literature by searching in PubMed for publications reporting clinical effects resulting from a preoperative weight loss regimen prior to bariatric surgery published from January 1, 1995 to April 30, 2014. Results: In total, we identified 23 original publications and 2 review articles which met all inclusion criteria. These were included and fully analyzed with regard to effects of preoperative weight loss. In general, for parameters such as operating time and intraoperative complications including blood loss and recovery, inconsistent data were reported. Most studies included low number of patients and with heterogenic designs, and the results could not form the base for recommendations. However, for outcomes such as postoperative complications and weight development over time, data from large-scale studies and randomized controlled trials suggest beneficial effects following adherence to weight loss prior to bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Although a large amount of data in the current literature on the effects of weight loss prior to bariatric surgery are inconsistent for many outcome parameters, recently published results regarding effects on postoperative complications and weight development over time strongly suggest that such a regimen should be recommended. Whether a certain degree of weight loss should be mandatory before being accepted for bariatric surgery is, however, still controversial.
Association of Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variation in Alzheimer’s Disease in Indian Population
Authors: Agarwal Rachna , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan 
Published: November 2014

Background: Dementia is an age-related disorder associated with elderly population, resulting from interaction of lifestyle risk factors with genetic, vascular, and other risk factors to affect risk of disease. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, estimated to be affecting 4.4% of the population older than 65 years of age. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ∊4 allele is a known genetic risk factor for AD, which not only predisposes and influences the severity of pathological changes in the brain, thereby modifying the age at onset, but also promotes cognitive decline early in nondemented older people. Objectives: To review the published evidence on ApoE polymorphism with the susceptibility to AD and frequency of ApoE ∊4 genotype (∊4/-) and homozygotes (∊4/4) among patients diagnosed with AD as compared to controls in Indian Population. Materials and Methods: In the present study, MEDLINE was reviewed for articles published till June 2013 supplemented by citation analysis from retrieved articles to select case–control studies. A meta-analysis was performed to demonstrate the association of ApoE gene with vascular dementia by random effects to demonstrate models. The association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study Selection: Case–control studies, using clinical criteria for AD with ApoE polymorphism determined for allele and genotype in both cases and controls. Statistical Analysis: A meta-analysis was performed to demonstrate the association of ApoE gene with AD by random effects to demonstrate models. The association was assessed by OR with 95% CIs. We also looked for publication bias and performed sensitivity analysis to investigate the influence of each individual study. Results: A total of 7 studies representing data from 417 patients with AD and 651controls in the Indian population were eligible. The ApoE ∊2/4, ∊3/4, and ∊4/4 genotypes (OR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.60-9.68; OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.54-6.87; OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 1.95-11.86, respectively) as well as ApoE ∊4 allele (OR = 5.90, 95% CI: 3.44-10.13) were associated with an increased risk of AD, whereas ApoE ∊2/3, ∊3/3 genotypes (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.83; OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19-0.42), and ApoE ∊3 allele (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17-0.50) were found to be marginally significant protective factors for AD. There was no significant difference in ApoE ∊2/2 genotype and ApoE ∊2 allele frequency (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.11-1.68; OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.37-1.31, respectively) in patients with AD and controls. Conclusions: These results indicate that all genotypes of ApoE ∊4 allele, that is, ∊2/4, ∊3/4, and ∊4/4, are associated with an increased risk of AD, whereas ApoE ∊2/2, ∊2/3, and ∊3/3 are protective for AD.
QoS priority-based dynamic frequency band allocation algorithm for load balancing and interference avoidance in 3GPP LTE HetNet
Authors: Kaleem Zeeshan , Hui Bing , Chang KyungHi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) system uses the concept of two-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where low-power and short-range femtocells are laid under macrocells to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) requirements of users and to boost overall network capacity. However, co-channel interference is one of the major issues that need to be resolved for the successful deployment of HetNets. To overcome this problem, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes have been proposed that can efficiently utilize the available spectrum. Nevertheless, these schemes waste limited frequency resources owing to their static allocation and lack of following QoS requirements, network loading conditions, and service priority of users. In this paper, a QoS-based dynamic FFR (QoS-DFFR) scheme is proposed that efficiently allocates the non-occupied center-zone frequency bands, i.e., bonus bandwidth (BBW), to cell-edge users by considering their QoS requirements. Consequently, the proposed QoS-DFFR scheme can optimize cell-edge user throughput and sector throughput and reduce co-channel interference by dynamically allocating the BBW to the most demanding cell-edge users. The proposed QoS-DFFR scheme improves performance because of its ability to dynamically allocate the limited portion of the frequency bands based on the service priorities of users. The system-level simulation results show that the proposed QoS-DFFR scheme performs remarkably well in a HetNet environment. Compared with the usual FFR schemes, the proposed scheme almost doubles the cell-edge user's throughput and reduces the user's packet loss rate.
Performance evaluation of enhanced SBR in simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorous
Authors: Jafarzadeh Ghehi Tahereh , Mortezaeifar Soheil , Gholami Mitra , Rezaei Kalantary Roshanak , Mahvi Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Simultaneous nitrogen, phosphorous and COD removal in a pilot-scale enhanced Sequencing Batch Reactor (eSBR) was investigated.

Methods
The reactor consisted of a pre-anoxic zone and internal recycle and was fed with synthetic wastewater. The study was performed by operating the reactor in 6-hour cycles in three different operational modes during a time frame of 279 days.

Results
Under the best operational conditions, the average removal rate of COD, TN, and TP were obtained as 93.52, 88.31, and 97.56%, respectively.

Conclusions
A significant denitrifying phosphorus removal (more than 80%) occurred at run1 and 3 which started the cycle under anoxic condition.
Penetrance and Clinical Features of Pheochromocytoma in a Six-Generation Family Carrying a Germline TMEM127 Mutation
Authors: Toledo Sergio P. A. , Lourenço Delmar M. , Sekiya Tomoko , Lucon Antonio M. , Baena Marcos E. S. , Castro Claudio C. , Bortolotto Luiz A. , Zerbini Maria C. N. , Siqueira Sheila A. C. , Toledo Rodrigo A. , Dahia Patricia L. M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Context:
The phenotype of familial pheochromocytoma (PHEO) associated with germline TMEM127 mutations (TMEM127-related PHEO) has not been clearly defined.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the penetrance, full phenotypic spectrum and effectiveness of clinical/genetic screening in TMEM127-related PHEO.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Clinical and genetic screening, and genetic counseling were offered to 151 individuals from a six-generation family carrying a TMEM127 germline mutation in a referral center.

Intervention and Main Outcome Measures:
TMEM127 genetic testing was offered to at-risk relatives and clinical surveillance for pheochromocytoma was performed in mutation-positive carriers.

Results:
Forty seven individuals carried the c.410-2A&gt;C TMEM127 mutation. Clinical data were obtained from 34 TMEM127-mutation carriers followed up for 8.7 ± 8.1 years (range, 1–20 y). Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 11 carriers (32%) at a median age of 43 years. In nine patients, symptoms started at 29 years (range, 10–55 y) and two cases were asymptomatic. Tumors were multicentric in five (45%) and bilateral in five (45%) patients. Six patients (54%) had at least one adrenomedullary nodule less than 10 mm. No paragangliomas, distant metastases, or other manifestations were detected. Cumulative penetrance of pheochromocytoma was 0% at 0–20 years, 3% at 21–30 years, 15% at 31–40 years, 24% at 41–50 years, and 32% at 51–65 years. The youngest case was diagnosed at 22 years and the earliest symptoms were reported at age 10.

Conclusions:
Tumor multicentricity, nodular adrenomedullary hyperplasia, and the occurrence of symptoms more than a decade earlier than the age at diagnosis are novel findings in TMEM127-related PHEO. The high penetrance of pheochromocytoma in this condition validates the benefits of genetic testing of at-risk relatives. We thus recommend that TMEM127 genetic testing should be offered to at-risk individuals at age 22 years and mutation carriers should undergo clinical surveillance annually.
A survey comparing the perceptions of physiotherapists and podiatrists in the management of plantar fasciitis
Authors: Ferdinand Nicola C , Smith Gordon D , Smith Susan 
Published: November 2014

Background/Aims: Despite its prevalence, there is limited research into why patient outcomes for plantar fasciitis are poor. To elicit possible reasons for this, this study aimed to compare the perceptions of physiotherapists and podiatrists in plantar fasciitis management and their role in treating it. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were emailed to physiotherapists and podiatrists to investigate their perceptions of plantar fasciitis management and their roles in treating the condition. Data from the questionnaires were analysed using frequencies and chi-squared tests to detect differences in responses between physiotherapists and podiatrists. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 230 physiotherapists and 227 podiatrists. The results indicated that, on the whole, physiotherapists and podiatrists have different perceptions of: the most effective treatments for plantar fasciitis; factors contributing to poor patient outcomes; and their roles. However, some areas of agreement were indicated: calf-stretching was deemed the most effective treatment; customised foot orthoses was identified as being the specialist role of podiatrists; and delayed referrals from doctors was highlighted as one of the main factors reducing patient outcomes for this condition. No consensus was reached on the specialist role of physiotherapists in the management of plantar fasciitis. Conclusions: The findings show that physiotherapists and podiatrists generally have different perceptions on how plantar fasciitis should be managed. It is suggested that more research into treatment effectiveness would help standardise clinical decision-making in health care teams and improve patient outcomes.
"Extended Mind": Crítica Genética, Narrativa Cognitiva e uma Nova Compreensão da Mente Modernista
Authors: Athayde Manaíra Aires 
Published: November 2014

Recensão crtítica de Dirk Van Hulle, Modern Manuscripts: The Extended Mind and Creative Undoing from Darwin to Beckett and Beyond. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2014, 271 pp. ISBN 978-1441133168. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_16
Reading and Not-Printing: Obstruction at the Crater Press
Authors: Parker Richard 
Published: November 2014

I will begin this paper with a brief and partial history of American printing, detecting a shared predilection for a noticeably maverick relation to the printed page in the works (printed and otherwise) of Samuel Keimer and Benjamin Franklin during the colonial period, and the works of Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson and Mark Twain in the nineteenth-century. I term the interrupted, dialectical printing that connects all of these writer/printers ‘not-printing’, and offer some explanation of his term and a description of some of its manifestations. I will then move on to consider how the idea of ‘not-printing’ might be helpful for the consideration of some contemporary British and American poets and printers before concluding with a description of some of the ways that the productive constraints of such a practice have influenced my own work as editor and printer at the Crater Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_2
‘Vem de longe a marca do suporte material’: Uma Entrevista com João Luís Lisboa
Authors: Baptista Abel Barros 
Published: November 2014

Nesta entrevista, João Luís Lisboa fala da História do Livro como disciplina e das mudanças nas formas e usos dos livros. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_2-1_8
Postcollege Criminal Convictions: A Comparison of Greek, Athlete, and Other Student Offending
Authors: Thompson Kevin , Hein Ella 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article examines postcollege criminal convictions among students who recorded a substance use-related arrest while attending college from 1996-99. Specifically, this study assesses whether Greek or athletic membership offered protective or elevated odds of a conviction over the next 14-17 years, relative to non-Greeks and non-athletes. The data show that one-third of these 1,075 students were convicted of another crime following college. One-fifth of these former students were convicted of driving under the influence (DUI). Data show that being male, being arrested during the first year, and being arrested for a DUI increased the odds of a postcollege conviction. Athletic membership while in school reduced the odds of a subsequent conviction for all crime, but the three groups did not differ in postcollege substance use-related convictions. The authors suggest some strategies for deterring future criminal involvement through earlier intervention while students are still attending college.
Food Insecurity as a Student Issue
Authors: Cady Clare L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFood insecurity is a threat to student success on college campuses in the United States. It has the potential to impact academics, wellness, and behavior-all factors that have bearing on student retention and graduation rates. This article reviews the literature on food insecurity among college students, utilizing research on hunger and educational outcomes in K-12 education to demonstrate potential negative outcomes along the educational pipeline from elementary school to college. The author recommends that campus administrators determine the scope of food insecurity on their campuses, developing short- and long-term responses in partnership with nonprofits, governmental agencies, and faculty, to alleviate its negative impact on students.