bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the educational value of service‐learning community placements in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Wallace JP , Blinkhorn AS , Blinkhorn FA 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine whether dental hygiene students attending residential aged care facilities (RACFs) during a placement programme gained any knowledge about the oral care of elderly patients and the RACF environment.LocationAged Care Facilities on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Methodology: Final year dental hygiene students undertook a 12‐week placement, one day per week, in one of 17 residential aged care facilities on the NSW Central Coast. They were asked to complete pre‐placement and post‐placement questionnaires, which recorded their knowledge of medical, dental and environmental issues related to older people. The placement questionnaires used five point Likert scales, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree, pre‐ and post‐mean scores were produced for each question and P values calculated using a paired t‐test.ResultsThirty‐three students attended the placement, 26 (79%) completed both the pre‐ and post‐placement questionnaires. Post‐placement mean scores as compared to pre‐placement mean scores showed significant improvement in student knowledge of medical (P < 0.05) and dental (P < 0.05) conditions specific to the older person and improvement in knowledge (P < 0.05) about the residential aged care facility environment.ConclusionThe placement programme enhanced student knowledge across three subject categories; medical and dental conditions of the older person and the structure and services of the residential aged care environment.
Australian Employer Response to the Study‐Migration Pathway: The Quantitative Evidence 2007‐2011
Authors: Hawthorne Lesleyanne , To Anna 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn recent years OECD countries have prioritized international students as a human capital resource. To assess their labour migration outcomes, this article defines Australian employment rates the year after graduation by two measures. Our first in‐depth case study (drawing on the Graduate Destination Survey) compares international students' work status to that of domestic students in 11 professions, from 2007 to 2011. Our second case study (based on the Immigration Department's Continuous Survey of Australia's Migrants) reports the employment rates achieved from 2009 to 2011 by international students who have secured skilled migrant status in Australia, compared with those of skilled category applicants selected off‐shore. Empirical analyses such as these are rare in the existing study‐migration literature, which is dominated by policy and qualitative perspectives. The findings are relevant to international students as well as policymakers, in a context where governments frame migration policy but employers maintain the power to offer/withhold work.
Investigating the association between strategic and pathological gambling behaviors and substance use in youth: Could religious faith play a differential role?
Authors: Lee Grace P. , Ghandour Lilian A. , Takache Alaa H. , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThis study investigated the link between gambling behaviors and the use of alcohol, drugs, and nonprescribed prescription medications, while exploring the moderating role of distinct religious faiths.MethodsIn 2010, 570 students from the American University of Beirut completed a self‐reported, anonymous English questionnaire, which included lifetime gambling and past‐year substance use measures.ResultsHalf (55%) were lifetime gamblers, of whom, 12% were probable pathological gamblers. About 60% were strategic gamblers. Lifetime gamblers were more than twice as likely as nongamblers to report past‐year illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Probable pathological gamblers were also more than four times as likely as nongamblers to report nonmedical prescription drug use, illegal drug use, and alcohol abuse. Compared to nonstrategic gamblers, strategic gamblers had more than three times the odds of illegal drug and cigarette use. The link between alcohol abuse and gambling was stronger among Christians than Muslims. Conversely, Muslims were more likely to report the co‐occurrence of various gambling behaviors (lifetime, probable pathological, and strategic gambling) with both illegal drug use and cigarette use.ConclusionsGambling and substance use behaviors were strongly linked in this sample of youth from Lebanon, corroborating the evidence from North America. Particularly novel are the co‐occurrence of pathological gambling and nonmedical prescription drug use and the potential differential role of religion. (Am J Addict 2014;23:280–287)
Attachment security and problematic substance use in low‐income, suicidal, African American women
Authors: Massey Suena H. , Compton Michael T. , Kaslow Nadine J. 
Published: April 2014

Background and ObjectivesWhile secure attachment may buffer the effect of adverse early experiences on the development of behavioral problems in children, whether attachment security may provide resilience against problematic substance use in adulthood is less clear, and addressed by this study.MethodsWe examined relations between attachment security and problematic substance use in 356 African American women recruited for a suicide prevention/intervention study. Problematic substance use was defined as a positive screen on either the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test or the Drug Abuse Screening Test‐10. Attachment security was assessed using the Secure Subscale of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire. Associations between demographic and psychosocial variables (age, education, unemployment, homelessness, attachment security, past childhood maltreatment, current exposure to intimate partner violence, and depressive symptoms) and problematic substance use were determined using logistic regression analyses.ResultsParticipants averaged 35.1 ± 10.0 years of age, and exhibited significant psychosocial challenges. More secure attachment was independently associated with a lower likelihood of problematic drug use (OR = .516, 95% CI (.343–.777), p ≤ .01); and the problematic use of either alcohol or drugs (OR = .563, 95% CI (.374–.849), p ≤ .01). Attachment security, along with childhood maltreatment, age, and homelessness, accounted for 25.5% of the variance in problematic substance use.Discussion and ConclusionsParticipants who reported greater attachment security were significantly less likely to engage in problematic substance use.Scientific SignificanceFuture research should explore attachment security as a resilience factor against problematic substance use. (Am J Addict 2014;23:294–299)
In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of 3.5 String of Pearl Plate Fixation to 3.5 Locking Compression Plate Fixation in a Canine Fracture Gap Model
Authors: Malenfant Renee‐Claire , Sod Gary A. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the 3.5 string of pearls (SOP) plate with a 3.5 mm locking compression plate (LCP) using a fracture model in static loading and cyclic fatigue testing.Study DesignIn vitro biomechanical testing of paired tibias with a mid‐diaphyseal ostectomy, stabilized by 1 of 2 locking systems.Sample PopulationCadaveric canine tibiae (n = 24 pairs).MethodsTibias were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: (1) 4‐point bending single cycle to failure, (2) 4‐point bending cyclic fatigue, (3) torsion single cycle to failure, and (4) torsion cyclic fatigue. Randomly assigned SOP and LCP bridged a 20 mm mid‐diaphyseal ostectomy. Mean test variables values for each method were compared using a paired t‐test within each group with significance set at P < .05.ResultsThe SOP construct had significantly greater mean yield load, mean yield displacement, mean yield bending moment, mean composite rigidity and mean failure bending moment under static 4‐point bending to failure than the LCP construct. Mean number of cycles to failure under 4‐point bending was significantly greater for the SOP constructs but the mean number of cycles to failure in torsion was significantly greater for the LCP constructs. The LCP construct had significantly greater mean composite stiffness and significantly lesser mean displacement to yield and to failure in static torsion testing.ConclusionThe SOP construct was superior under bending static and cycling testing but the LCP construct was superior in static and cycling torsion testing.
Ex Vivo Comparison of the Biomechanical Properties of Hand‐Sewn and Stapled Jejunoileal Anastomoses in Horses
Authors: Bracamonte José L. , Anderson Stacy L. , Hendrick Steven , Barber Spencer M. , Deutscher David , Sumner David 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo compare bursting strength, construction time, and anastomotic dimensions of 4 jejunoileal anastomotic techniques.Study DesignExperimental ex vivo study.AnimalsAdult horses (n = 12).MethodsJejunoileal anastomoses were constructed from harvested ileal and distal jejunal segments using a single‐layer Lembert technique (1HS), double‐layer simple continuous/Cushing technique (2HS), stapled side‐to‐side technique (SS), or stapled functional end‐to‐end technique (FEE). Anastomotic construction time was recorded. Bursting pressures (BP), bursting wall tension (BWT), percentage of mean anastomotic luminal diameter reduction, percentage of luminal diameter reduction relative to adjacent ileal and jejunal diameters and stomal length, were calculated.ResultsFEE had the shortest construction time. BP of 1HS and 2HS was significantly higher than FEE and SS (P < .001), which were not different from each other (P = .67). There were no significant differences in BP (P = .25) and BWT (P = .21) between 1HS and 2HS. Mean luminal diameter reduction was less for 1HS (25.1%) than for 2HS (34.8%), however, not statistically different (P = .12). Luminal diameter reduction relative to ileal diameter was significantly less for 1HS (15.2%) than for 2HS (28.47%; P = .012). Luminal diameter reduction relative to jejunal diameter was less for 1HS (32.4%) than 2HS (44.6%) but not statistically different; P = .07). Stomal length was significantly larger for SS (9.93 cm) than FEE (7.32 cm; P = .0002).Conclusion1HS and 2HS jejunoileal anastomosis are equal in strength; however, 1HS results in less relative luminal diameter reduction. SS and FEE have comparable strength but fail at significantly lower BPs than hand‐sewn jejunoileal anastomoses.
Feeding difficulties in children with food protein‐induced gastrointestinal allergies
Authors: Meyer Rosan , Rommel Nathalie , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Fleming Catharine , Dziubak Robert , Shah Neil 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThere is paucity of data on the prevalence of feeding difficulties in Food Protein‐Induced Gastrointestinal Allergies (FPIGA) and their clinical characteristics. However, it is a commonly reported problem by clinicians. We set out to establish the occurrence of feeding difficulties in children with FPIGA, the association with gastrointestinal and extra‐intestinal symptoms and number of foods eliminated from the diet.MethodsThis retrospective observational analysis was performed in patients seen between 2002 and 2009 at Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, London. Medical records where FPIGA was documented using the terms from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and National Institute of Clinical Excellence and confirmed using an elimination diet, followed by a challenge were included. Feeding difficulties were assessed using a criteria previously used in healthy toddlers in the UK.ResultsData from 437 children (203 female) were collected. Significantly more children with feeding difficulties presented with abdominal distention and bloating (P = 0.002), vomiting (P < 0.0001), weight loss (P < 0.0001), rectal bleeding (P = 0.025), and constipation (P < 0.0001). We also found that having extra‐intestinal manifestations were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with the presence of feeding difficulties. Additionally, a significantly higher number of foods eliminated from the diet in the children with/without feeding difficulties (P = 0.028).ConclusionsClinical manifestations like vomiting, constipation, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and the presence of extra‐intestinal manifestations in addition to the number of foods avoided are in our FPIGA population linked to feeding difficulties.
Novel method of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy to prevent stent dysfunction
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Kurisu Yoshitaka , Masuda Daisuke , Imoto Akira , Hayashi Michihiro , Malak Mohamed , Umegaki Eiji , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Higuchi Kazuhide 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and Study AimThe present study assesses the feasibility as well as the technical and functional success rates of a novel endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) technique called the locking stent method that uses end‐bare covered metallic stents (EBCMS).MethodsTwenty consecutive patients who were histologically diagnosed with unresectable cancer complicated with obstructive jaundice underwent EUS‐HGS due to failed endoscopic biliary drainage or inaccessible papilla. We retrospectively collected clinical data for these patients including technical and functional success rates and complications.ResultsSeven were treated by EUS‐HGS (EUS‐HGS group), and 13 were treated using the locking stent EUS‐HGS method (LS group). Technical and functional success rates were 100% in both groups. Procedural duration did not significantly differ between the EUS‐HGS and LS groups (26.9 ± 9.0 versus 32.3 ± 11.1 min, P = 0.30). Two patients developed complications related to stent migration in the EUS‐HGS group. In contrast, although mild post‐procedural bile peritonitis required conservative treatment for a few days, none of the stents malfunctioned in the LS group.ConclusionOur method can safely and effectively prevent stent dysfunction, but validation in a prospective clinical trial is required.
Risk factors for covered metallic stent migration in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction due to pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Kogure Hirofumi , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Togawa Osamu , Ito Yukiko , Matsubara Saburo , Arizumi Toshihiko , Yagioka Hiroshi , Mizuno Suguru , Sasaki Takashi , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Hirano Kenji , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and AimCovered metallic stents (CMSs) were developed to overcome tumor ingrowth in uncovered metallic stents (UMSs) for malignant biliary obstruction, but superiority of CMSs over UMSs is still controversial due to the high migration rate in CMS. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective analysis to clarify risk factors for stent migration, including mechanical properties of CMSs.MethodsPatients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, receiving CMS for distal malignant biliary obstruction in five tertiary care centers, were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for early (< 6 months) stent migration were performed using a proportional hazards model with death or stent occlusion without stent migration as a competing risk. Two mechanical properties were included in the analysis: axial force, the recovery force that leads to a CMS straightening, and radial force (RF), the expansion force against the stricture.ResultsAmong 290 patients who received CMS placement for distal malignant biliary obstruction, stent migration rate was 15.2%. CMS migrated early (< 6 months) in 10.0% and distally in 11.7%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for early stent migration were chemotherapy (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR] 4.46, P = 0.01), CMS with low RF (SHR 2.23, P = 0.03), and duodenal invasion (SHR 2.25, P = 0.02).ConclusionCMS with low RF, chemotherapy, and duodenal invasion were associated with CMS migration from our study.
A Process Perspective on Industrial Symbiosis
Authors: Boons Frank , Spekkink Wouter , Jiao Wenting 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIt has been long recognized in the conceptual literature that industrial symbiosis requires a perspective that focuses on long‐term evolution. This has not yet been matched by adopting an adequate process‐oriented research methodology. This article provides the underpinnings for such a methodology, presents a developed methodology, event sequence analysis, and shows its added value through a set of research questions and an empirical example. It shows how the process perspective leads to asking new research questions as well as the uncovering of new insights about the emergence, evolution, and dissolution of symbiotic relationships and the institutional capacity required to build such relationships.
Crony Capitalism: Rent Seeking, Institutions and Ideology
Authors: Aligica Paul Dragos , Tarko Vlad 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis paper elaborates the notion of “crony capitalism” and advances an innovative approach to the analysis of the phenomenon in case, seen as a type of rent‐seeking society. The argument leads to a pioneering attempt to elaborate an original theory of crony capitalism as a sui generis system and with that end in view it combines three complementary perspectives: microeconomics (dealing with the basic economics of rent‐seeking), institutional or structural (dealing with the specific structures and configurations of institutions, policies and processes via which rent seeking gets materialized), and ideological (dealing with the ideas, rhetoric, beliefs, doctrines and other forms of legitimization and justification of the specific policies and institutions). The paper identifies significant functional differences between crony capitalism in high‐income and developing countries and advances a novel interpretation of the special nature of crony capitalism by focusing on the distinctive features of its ideological component.
Parental perspectives regarding primary‐care weight‐management strategies for school‐age children
Authors: Turer Christy Boling , Mehta Megha , Durante Richard , Wazni Fatima , Flores Glenn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo identify parental perspectives regarding weight‐management strategies for school‐age children, focus groups were conducted of parents of overweight and obese (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) 6–12‐year‐old children recruited from primary‐care clinics. Questions focused on the role of the primary‐care provider, effective components of weight‐management strategies and feasibility of specific dietary strategies. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using margin coding and grounded theory. Six focus groups were held. The mean age (in years) for parents was 32, and for children, eight; 44% of participants were Latino, 33%, African–American and 23%, white. Parents' recommendations on the primary‐care provider's role in weight management included monitoring weight, providing guidance regarding health risks and lifestyle changes, consistent follow‐up and using discretion during weight discussions. Weight‐management components identified as key included emphasising healthy lifestyles and enjoyment, small changes to routines and parental role modelling. Parents prefer guidance regarding healthy dietary practices rather than specific weight‐loss diets, but identified principles that could enhance the acceptability of these diets. For dietary guidance to be feasible, parents recommended easy‐to‐follow instructions and emphasising servings over counting calories. Effective weight‐management strategies identified by parents include primary‐care provider engagement in weight management, simple instructions regarding healthy lifestyle changes, parental involvement and deemphasising specific weight‐loss diets. These findings may prove useful in developing primary‐care weight‐management strategies for children that maximise parental acceptance.
The spore‐associated protein BclA1 affects the susceptibility of animals to colonization and infection by Clostridium difficile
Authors: Phetcharaburanin Jutarop , Hong Huynh A. , Colenutt Claire , Bianconi Irene , Sempere Lluis , Permpoonpattana Patima , Smith Karen , Dembek Marcin , Tan Sisareuth , Brisson Marie‐Clémence , Brisson Alain R. , Fairweather Neil F. , Cutting Simon M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe BclA protein is a major component of the outermost layer of spores of a number of bacterial species and Clostridium difficile carries three bclA genes. Using insertional mutagenesis each gene was characterized and spores devoid of these proteins had surface aberrations, reduced hydrophobicity and germinated faster than wild‐type spores. Therefore the BclA proteins were likely major components of the spore surface and when absent impaired the protective shield effect of this outermost layer. Analysis of infection and colonization in mice and hamsters revealed that the 50% infectious dose (ID50) of spores was significantly higher (2‐logs) in the bclA1− mutant compared to the isogenic wild‐type control, but that levels of toxins (A and B) were indistinguishable from animals dosed with wild‐type spores. bclA1− spores germinated faster than wild‐type spores yet mice were less susceptible to infection suggesting that BclA1 must play a key role in the initial (i.e. pre‐spore germination) stages of infection. We also show that the ID50 was higher in mice infected with R20291, a ‘hypervirulent’ 027 strain, that carries a truncated BclA1 protein.
Sensilla coeloconica ringed by microtrichia in host‐seeking biting midges
Authors: URBANEK A. , PIOTROWICZ M. , SZADZIEWSKI R. , GI ŁKA W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe distribution and morphology of antennal sensilla coeloconica in parasitic and predaceous biting midges were studied in females of Forcipomyia (feeding on the blood of frogs), Atrichopogon (feeding on haemolymph), Austroconops, Culicoides (feeding on the blood of birds and mammals) and Brachypogon (feeding on haemolymph and dissolved tissues of insects) (all: Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). A Lower Cretaceous female of Archiculicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Lebanese amber, which fed on the blood of unknown vertebrates, was also examined. In sensilla coeloconica ringed by microtrichia, the peg is grooved longitudinally and protrudes distinctly from the pit. We suggest that the microtrichia encircling the protruding peg form a structure resembling a picket fence in order to maintain a higher level of humidity, which facilitates the capture and transport of odour molecules through the channels in the peg wall. Sensilla coeloconica ringed by microtrichia function as very effective chemoreceptors in host‐ and prey‐seeking activity. During the evolution of Ceratopogonidae, sensilla coeloconica with a fence of microtrichia have evolved twice in groups feeding on the blood of vertebrates (i.e. in the basal lineage: Lower Cretaceous or earlier) and in the subgenus Lasiohelea of Forcipomyia (Palaeogene). Sensilla coeloconica ringed by microtrichia are described for the first time in the relict genus Austroconops.