bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating‐disordered behavior in adolescent boys: Eating disorder examination questionnaire norms
Authors: Mond Jonathan , Hall Ashleigh , Bentley Caroline , Harrison Carmel , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Lewis Vivienne 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe sought to provide normative data for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) for adolescent boys.MethodThe EDE‐Q was completed by 531 boys aged 12–18 years recruited from a number of schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) region of Australia. Data for 1,135 female adolescents, recruited as part of the same research project, are provided for comparative purposes.ResultsScores on each the EDE‐Q subscales and, with the exception of excessive exercise, the prevalence of each of the eating disorder behaviors assessed, were substantially higher among girls than among boys. Still, 6.0% of boys reported regular episodes of objective binge eating, 8.3% reported regular episodes of loss of control eating, 5.3% reported regular excessive exercise and 4.9% reported overvaluation of weight or shape. Eating‐disordered behavior was more common among older adolescents than among younger adolescents and this was the case for both boys and girls. Reliability coefficients for the EDE‐Q subscales were marginally lower in boys (0.70–0.94) than in girls (0.84–0.97).ConclusionsThe EDE‐Q appears to be suitable for use in adolescent boys, with the qualification that eating and weight/shape control behaviors that are largely confined to males may not be adequately assessed. The lack of assessment of subjective binge eating episodes may also be problematic. There is a need for research addressing whether and to what extent different features are associated with distress and disability in boys as well as the validity of the EDE‐Q assessment of these features when compared with interview assessment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:335–341)
Analysis of Energy Saving and Environmental Characteristics of Electric Vehicles in Regionally Disaggregated World Energy Model
Authors: Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujii Yasumasa 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the impact of an extensive introduction of electric vehicles (EV) and plug‐in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) into the global energy system by 2050. The significant growth of automobile ownership in emerging countries is likely to increase world oil demand and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. In order to address these energy, security, and environmental concerns, the deployment of clean energy vehicles, such as EV and PHEV, is expected to play a crucial role due to their high fuel efficiency. Consequently, we develop both a global energy system model and a world vehicle penetration model, which can explicitly analyze the impact of EV introduction into the seasonal daily electric load curve, with consideration of the specific electricity charging profile through 2050. The simulation results confirm that EV deployment contributes to energy conservation, because oil demand reduction outstrips the growth in electricity demand and the associated fuel input into the power generation mix. Concerning carbon dioxide abatement, the magnitude of the impact relies on the carbon intensity of the power generation mix. If the intensity is low enough to guarantee a carbon mitigation effect due to EV fuel saving, emissions reduction is well assured. It should be noted, however, that in regions with high carbon intensity in the power generation mix, carbon emissions per mileage of EVs is almost equivalent to that of efficient gasoline vehicles such as hybrid vehicles, and the figure for PHEV is slightly higher than for hybrid vehicles. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 20–36, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22373
Autonomous Variable‐Resolution Map Building for Mobile Robots in Unknown Environments
Authors: Xiang Jingyu , Tazaki Yuichi , Inagaki Shinkichi , Suzuki Tatsuya 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a method that allows simultaneous map building and path planning for mobile robots in unknown environments. A graphical representation of a workspace in variable resolutions is constructed using measurement data obtained by omnidirectional distance sensors. At the same time, a search for a feasible path to the target destination is executed using the constructed graph map. The proposed method is evaluated by performing simulations and experiments using an omnidirectional mobile robot equipped with laser range finders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(4): 59–69, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22493
Systemic inflammatory markers as independent prognosticators of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rassouli Alipasha , Saliba Joe , Castano Roberto , Hier Michael , Zeitouni Anthony G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the pretreatment inflammatory markers platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with HNSCC at McGill University Health Center from 2000 to 2011 (273 patients were retained). Hematologic parameters were recorded within 4 weeks of diagnosis. Mortality and recurrence rates were compared according to various PLR and NLR thresholds.ResultsOf the total patients, 20.5% died and 11.0% had disease recurrence. PLR >170 was associated with higher mortality (p = .008). The subgroup with a combination of PLR >170 and NLR ≤3.0 was associated with higher T classification and highest mortality (43%). NLR above 4.2 predicted higher rates of recurrence (p < .0001). The NLR/PLR combination was at least as good as TNM staging in predicting survival.ConclusionPLR is an independent predictor of mortality; NLR is an independent predictor of recurrence in HNSCC. These parameters might be used to identify advanced stages rapidly and economically. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 103–110, 2015
Evaluation of patients with head and neck cancer performing standard treatment in relation to body composition, resting metabolic rate, and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: de Carvalho Thalyta Morandi Ridolfi , Miguel Marin Daniela , da Silva Conceição Aparecida , de Souza Aglécio Luiz , Talamoni Maristela , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos , Monte Alegre Sarah 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) usually emerges as a set of signs and symptoms that, either alone or in combination with standard treatment, may lead to malnutrition and weight loss.MethodsThis study evaluated patients with SCCHN before day 0 and 30 days after the end of treatment, with/without tumor resection. Each individual patient underwent analyses of body composition and resting metabolic rate, as well as assessment of serum glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), IL‐1β, and insulin sensitivity.ResultsThere was body mass loss during treatment and significant reduction in body fat and free fat mass. Early nutritional monitoring and tumor resection before treatment led to a better nutritional status and reduced inflammatory state.ConclusionEarly nutritional monitoring and resection of the tumor by surgery may be important factors for patients to better tolerate treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 97–102, 2015
Vital staining of the stick insect digestive system identifies appendices of the midgut as novel system of excretion
Authors: Shelomi Matan , Kimsey Lynn S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe stick insects or phasmids (Phamsatodea) have a series of pyriform ampulles with long, thin filaments on the posterior end of their midgut referred to as the “appendices of the midgut.” Found only in phasmids, their function had never been determined until now. Their similarity to the Malpighian tubules, which are ubiquitous insect organs of excretion, suggested a similar function. To differentiate between the appendices and the Malpighian tubules and compare functional differences between the two tissue types, vital staining (the injection of histological stains into living organisms) was done in conjunction with light and scanning electron microscopy in multiple phasmid species. The results showed that the appendices originated in the basal phasmids (Timematidae) and grew more numerous in derived species. The appendices stain selectively, notably failing to pick up the indicators of the two known systems of invertebrate excretory function, indigo carmine and ammonium carmine. Appendices sequester stains in the ampule portion before eliminating the compounds into the midgut. We conclude by confirming that the appendices do have an excretory function, but one unlike any other known in invertebrates. Their function is likely cation excretion, playing a role in calcium regulation and/or organic alkaloid sequestration. The appendices must thus be considered distinct organs from the Malpighian tubules. J. Morphol. 275:623–633, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double‐blind study of the actively transported levodopa prodrug XP21279 in Parkinson's disease
Authors: LeWitt Peter A. , Huff F. Jacob , Hauser Robert A. , Chen Dan , Lissin Dmitri , Zomorodi Katie , Cundy Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of XP21279‐carbidopa in patients with Parkinson's disease who experience motor fluctuations compared with immediate‐release carbidopa‐levodopa tablets. XP21279 is a levodopa prodrug that is actively absorbed by high‐capacity nutrient transporters expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and then rapidly converted to levodopa by carboxylesterases. XP21279‐carbidopa sustained‐release bilayer tablets were developed to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations of levodopa by providing more continuous exposure. Patients with motor fluctuations who required carbidopa‐levodopa four or five times daily were optimized for 2 weeks each on carbidopa‐levodopa four or five times daily and XP21279‐carbidopa three times daily in a randomized sequence. Next, they received each optimized treatment for 2 weeks in a double‐blind/double‐dummy, randomized sequence. The primary outcome measure was change from baseline in daily off time at the end of each double‐blind treatment period. All patients at 2 sites underwent pharmacokinetic analyses. Twenty‐eight of 35 enrolled patients completed both double‐blind treatments. The mean total daily off time was reduced from baseline by a mean (± standard error) of 2.7 hours (± 0.48 hours) for immediate‐release carbidopa‐levodopa and 3.0 hours (± 0.57 hours) for XP21279‐carbidopa (P = 0.49). Among 11 patients who completed pharmacokinetic sampling on each optimized treatment, the percentage deviation from the mean levodopa concentration was lower (P < 0.05) for XP21279‐carbidopa than carbidopa‐levodopa. Both treatments had a similar incidence of new or worsening dyskinesias. XP21279‐carbidopa administered three times daily produced a reduction in off time similar to that of carbidopa‐levodopa administered four or five times daily, and the difference was not statistically significant. XP21279‐carbidopa significantly reduced variability in levodopa concentrations compared with carbidopa‐levodopa. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Lack of platelet‐activating factor receptor protects mice against diet‐induced adipose inflammation and insulin‐resistance despite fat pad expansion
Authors: Menezes‐Garcia Zélia , Oliveira Marina C. , Lima Renata L. , Soriani Frederico M. , Cisalpino Daniel , Botion Leida M. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Souza Danielle G. , Ferreira Adaliene V.M. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe role of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) on diet‐induced inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction is unknown. The effects of diet‐induced metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction in mice with deletion of the PAF receptor (PAFR−/−) were evaluated in this study.MethodsWild‐type and PAFR−/− mice were fed chow (WT‐C and PAFR−/−‐C) or high‐refined carbohydrate‐containing diet (WT‐HC and PAFR−/−‐HC). PAFR−/−‐ResultsHC mice gained more weight and adiposity than PAFR−/−‐C and WT‐HC mice. Lipogenesis increased and hormone‐sensitive lipase expression decreased in PAFR−/−‐HC compared to WT‐HC mice. WT‐HC mice had impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to WT‐C mice. In contrast, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in PAFR−/−‐HC mice were similar to that of lean littermates. PAFR−/−‐HC mice expressed significantly more peroxisome proliferator‐activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) than PAFR−/−‐C and WT‐C mice. Resistin increased in WT‐HC mice compared to WT‐C mice. However, the levels of resistin were 35% lower in PAFR−/−‐HC mice than WT‐HC mice. PAFR−/− presented with less HC diet‐induced adipose tissue inflammation than WT mice. Adipocytes isolated from PAFR−/− mice incubated in media containing normal or high levels of glucose secreted less interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and presented lower rate of lipolysis than WT mice.ConclusionPAFR deficiency resulted in less inflammation in adipose tissue and improvement in glucose homeostasis when fed the HC diet. The higher adiposity observed in PAFR−/− mice fed HC diet could be owing to the maintenance of insulin sensitivity, decreased adipocyte lipolysis rate, high lipogenesis and PPARγ expression, and lower inflammatory milieu in adipose tissue.
Effect of steam on the structural and morphological stability of renewable poly(ether‐block‐amide)s
Authors: Todros Silvia , Natali Arturo N. , Pace Giuseppe , Di Noto Vito 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of steam on chemical structure and mechanical properties of renewable poly(ether‐block‐amide)s (PEBAs) is investigated by different characterization techniques, i.e. FT‐IR, TGA, DSC, DMA, and BES. Steam sterilization is a mandatory process for materials used in medical applications. This process, employed during clinical practice and replicated in this study, affects polymer structure and morphology. Steam induces an increase of polyamide (PA) crystallinity in PEBAs with a majority of PA domains, due to the conformational transition from α‐helix to parallel and anti‐parallel β‐sheet, with stronger hydrogen bonding. In PEBAs with longer polyether (PE) blocks, steam induces an increase of random PA domains and the formation of a more extended hydrogen bonding network between ether and amide moieties of the two segments. As a consequence of these microdomain conformational variations, relevant changes occur in molecular relaxations as demonstrated by DMA and BES results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 409–418
Unfolding of beta‐lactoglobulin on the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles: Experimental and computational approaches
Authors: Miriani Matteo , Eberini Ivano , Iametti Stefania , Ferranti Pasquale , Sensi Cristina , Bonomi Francesco 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTStructural changes ensuing from the non‐covalent absorption of bovine beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG) on the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles were investigated by using spectroscopic approaches, by assessing the reactivity of specific residues, and by limited proteolysis/mass spectrometry. Also, the immunoreactivity of absorbed and free BLG was compared. All these approaches indicated substantial rearrangements of the protein structure in the absorbed state, in spite of the reported structural rigidity of BLG. Changes made evident by experimental measurements were confirmed by computational approaches. These indicate that adsorption‐related changes are most marked in the area between the main C‐terminal alpha helix and the beta‐barrel, and lead to full exposure of the thiol on Cys121, consistent with experimental measurements. In the computational model of bound BLG, both Trp61 and Trp19 also move away from their neighboring quenchers and become solvent‐exposed, as indicated by fluorescence measurement. Upon binding, the beta‐barrel also loosens, with a substantial increase in immunoreactivity and with noticeable changes in the trypsinolytic pattern. The possible general significance of the structural changes reported here for non‐covalently adsorbed BLG is discussed with respect to recognition events involving surface‐bound proteins, as are aspects related to the carrier function(s) of BLG, and to its use as a common ingredient in many food systems. Proteins 2014; 82:1272–1282. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discovery of multiple interacting partners of gankyrin, a proteasomal chaperone and an oncoprotein—Evidence for a common hot spot site at the interface and its functional relevance
Authors: Nanaware Padma P. , Ramteke Manoj P. , Somavarapu Arun K. , Venkatraman Prasanna 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGankyrin, a non‐ATPase component of the proteasome and a chaperone of proteasome assembly, is also an oncoprotein. Gankyrin regulates a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer cells and accelerates degradation of tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb. Therefore gankyrin may be a unique hub integrating signaling networks with the degradation pathway. To identify new interactions that may be crucial in consolidating its role as an oncogenic hub, crystal structure of gankyrin‐proteasome ATPase complex was used to predict novel interacting partners. EEVD, a four amino acid linear sequence seems a hot spot site at this interface. By searching for EEVD in exposed regions of human proteins in PDB database, we predicted 34 novel interactions. Eight proteins were tested and seven of them were found to interact with gankyrin. Affinity of four interactions is high enough for endogenous detection. Others require gankyrin overexpression in HEK 293 cells or occur endogenously in breast cancer cell line‐ MDA‐MB‐435, reflecting lower affinity or presence of a deregulated network. Mutagenesis and peptide inhibition confirm that EEVD is the common hot spot site at these interfaces and therefore a potential polypharmacological drug target. In MDA‐MB‐231 cells in which the endogenous CLIC1 is silenced, trans‐expression of Wt protein (CLIC1_EEVD) and not the hot spot site mutant (CLIC1_AAVA) resulted in significant rescue of the migratory potential. Our approach can be extended to identify novel functionally relevant protein‐protein interactions, in expansion of oncogenic networks and in identifying potential therapeutic targets. Proteins 2014; 82:1283–1300. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of ligand binding site predictions in CASP10
Authors: Gallo Cassarino Tiziano , Bordoli Lorenza , Schwede Torsten 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe identification of amino acid residues in proteins involved in binding small molecule ligands is an important step for their functional characterization, as the function of a protein often depends on specific interactions with other molecules. The accuracy of computational methods aiming to predict such binding residues was evaluated within the “function prediction (prediction of binding sites, FN)” category of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP) experiment. In the last edition of the experiment (CASP10), 17 research groups participated in this category, and their predictions were evaluated on 13 prediction targets containing biologically relevant ligands. The results of this experiment indicate that several methods achieved an overall good performance, showing the usefulness of such methods in predicting ligand binding residues. As in previous years, methods based on a homology transfer approach were dominating. In comparison to CASP9, a larger fraction of the top predictors are automated servers. However, due to the small number of targets and the characteristics of the prediction format, the differences observed among the first ten methods were not statistically significant and it was also not possible to analyze differences in accuracy for different ligand types or overall structure, difficulty. To overcome these limitations and to allow for a more detailed evaluation, in future editions of CASP, methods in the FN category will no longer be evaluated on the “normal” CASP targets, but assessed continuously by CAMEO (continuous automated model evaluation) based on weekly prereleased sequences from the PDB. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):154–163. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resistance to AHAS inhibitor herbicides: current understanding
Authors: Yu Qin , Powles Stephen B 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitor herbicides currently comprise the largest site‐of‐action group (with 54 active ingredients across five chemical groups) and have been widely used in world agriculture since they were first introduced in 1982. Resistance evolution in weeds to AHAS inhibitors has been rapid and identified in populations of many weed species. Often, evolved resistance is associated with point mutations in the target AHAS gene; however non‐target‐site enhanced herbicide metabolism occurs as well. Many AHAS gene resistance mutations can occur and be rapidly enriched owing to a high initial resistance gene frequency, simple and dominant genetic inheritance and lack of major fitness cost of the resistance alleles. Major advances in the elucidation of the crystal structure of the AHAS (Arabidopsis thaliana) catalytic subunit in complex with various AHAS inhibitor herbicides have greatly improved current understanding of the detailed molecular interactions between AHAS, cofactors and herbicides. Compared with target‐site resistance, non‐target‐site resistance to AHAS inhibitor herbicides is less studied and hence less understood. In a few well‐studied cases, non‐target‐site resistance is due to enhanced rates of herbicide metabolism (metabolic resistance), mimicking that occurring in tolerant crop species and often involving cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. However, the specific herbicide‐metabolising, resistance‐endowing genes are yet to be identified in resistant weed species. The current state of mechanistic understanding of AHAS inhibitor herbicide resistance is reviewed, and outstanding research issues are outlined. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A hierarchical conditional autoregressive model for colorectal cancer survival data
Authors: Liu Yajun , Sun Dongchu , He Chong Z. 
Published: December 2013

In this article, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model to cancer data with geographical characteristics. The spatial effects are captured via a conditional autoregressive (CAR) model. The survival model is introduced to analyze the survival pattern of colorectal cancer based on geographical factors and patients' disease conditions. We propose a special case of the classic Cox model with Weibull hazard as well as a cure rate model. ACARprior is used to capture the spatial effects, which are determined based on counties the survival subjects belong to. The computation is done via Gibbs sampling. The ratio‐of‐uniforms method is used to sample from a nonstandard conditional posterior density, and the adaptive rejection method is used to sample from log‐concave densities. The model is applied to the Colon & Rectum Cancer incidences in Iowa from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Computation is implemented in Intel Fortran on Linux platform.WIREs Comput Stat2014, 6:37–44. doi: 10.1002/wics.1283This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Reliability, Survivability, and Quality Control