bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The carbon count of 2000 years of rice cultivation
Authors: Kalbitz Karsten , Kaiser Klaus , Fiedler Sabine , Kölbl Angelika , Amelung Wulf , Bräuer Tino , Cao Zhihong , Don Axel , Grootes Piet , Jahn Reinhold , Schwark Lorenz , Vogelsang Vanessa , Wissing Livia , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMore than 50% of the world's population feeds on rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly managed under submerged conditions (paddy soils). This management, which favors carbon sequestration, potentially decouples surface from subsurface carbon cycling. The objective of this study was to elucidate the long‐term rates of carbon accrual in surface and subsurface soil horizons relative to those of soils under nonpaddy management. We assessed changes in total soil organic as well as of inorganic carbon stocks along a 2000‐year chronosequence of soils under paddy and adjacent nonpaddy management in the Yangtze delta, China. The initial organic carbon accumulation phase lasts much longer and is more intensive than previously assumed, e.g., by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Paddy topsoils accumulated 170–178 kg organic carbon ha−1 a−1 in the first 300 years; subsoils lost 29–84 kg organic carbon ha−1 a−1 during this period of time. Subsoil carbon losses were largest during the first 50 years after land embankment and again large beyond 700 years of cultivation, due to inorganic carbonate weathering and the lack of organic carbon replenishment. Carbon losses in subsoils may therefore offset soil carbon gains or losses in the surface soils. We strongly recommend including subsoils into global carbon accounting schemes, particularly for paddy fields.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Barium Alkali Silicate Glasses for SOFC Sealing Applications
Authors: Trejo Rosa , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Shyam Amit , Kirkham Melanie J. , Garcia‐Negron Valerie , Wang Yanli 
Published: November 2012

The physical and mechanical properties of two barium alkali silicate glasses were determined as a function of temperature. Their Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy; their viscosity, thermal expansion, and glass transition temperature were determined using a thermomechanical analyzer. The wetting behavior of the two glasses on alumina and 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) substrates was determined by measuring contact angles in air as a function of temperature and time. Values of Young's modulus for both glasses were in good agreement with those predicted by the Makishima and MacKenzie model. The physical and mechanical properties of these glasses are discussed in the context of their potential use for sealing applications in solid‐oxide fuel cells.
Photoselective vaporization with the green light laser vs transurethral resection of the prostate for treating benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Teng Jingfei , Zhang Dongxu , Li Yao , Yin Lei , Wang Kai , Cui Xingang , Xu Danfeng 
Published: November 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Despite high morbidities, TURP is still considered as the ‘gold standard’ for treatment of BPH. Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) is a promising technique that is emerging as a possible alternative to TURP. However, there remains some debate about the advantages of PVP over TURP and whether PVP will be able to replace TURP as the first‐line surgical treatment.
We conducted a meta‐analysis of recent papers on this subject and herein provide the overall efficacy and safety of PVP for treatment of BPH.
Objective
To assess the overall efficacy and safety of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) vs transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).
Patients and Methods
A systematic search of the electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library, as well as manual bibliography searches were performed.
The pooled estimates of maximum flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual (PVR), quality of life (QoL), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), operation duration, blood loss, catheterization time, hospital stay, capsule perforation, transfusion, transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome, urethral stricture and reintervention were calculated.
Results
At the 3‐month follow‐up, there was no significant difference in Qmax, PVR, QoL and IPSS between the TURP and PVP groups. At the 6‐month follow‐up, the pooled QoL favoured TURP, but there was no significant difference in the other variables between the two groups.
PVP was associated with less blood loss, transfusion, capsular perforation, TUR syndrome, shorter catheterization time and hospital stay, but longer operation duration and higher reintervention rate.
Conclusions
The efficacy of PVP was similar to that of TURP in relation to Qmax, PVR, QoL and IPSS, and it offered several advantages over TURP.
As a promising minimal invasive technique, PVP could be used as an alternative surgical procedure for treating BPH.
Presumptive bacterial translocation in horses with strangulating small intestinal lesions requiring resection and anastomosis
Authors: Hurcombe Samuel D. , Mudge Margaret C. , Daniels Joshua B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo document whether presumptive bacterial translocation (PBT) occurs in horses with small intestinal strangulation (SIS).DesignProspective clinical cohort study.SettingUniversity tertiary care facility.AnimalsThirty‐six adult horses with SIS (clinical cases) and 10 adult horses without gastrointestinal disease (control cases).InterventionsSterile collection and bacterial culture of samples from peripheral venous blood, mesenteric venous blood, mesenteric lymphatic tissue, and intestinal aspirates from horses with SIS and control horses without gastrointestinal disease.Measurements and Main ResultsFive of 36 (13.8%) horses with SIS had at least 1 sample yield a positive result. Shorter SIS bowel segments were more likely to yield a positive culture result. (P< 0.01). Two of 10 of control horses had positive culture results with different bacterial species identified compared to horses with SIS. Antimicrobial usage did not influence bacterial culture status (P= 0.31). There were no differences between culture‐positive and culture‐negative horses with SIS regarding admission, clinical, or clinicopathologic variables.ConclusionsPBT occurs in normal horses and in horses with SIS. Bacterial genera differed between groups. A low incidence of PBT occurs in horses with SIS suggesting postoperative morbidity in some cases may be due to other factors.
Frequency and Burden of Headache‐Related Nausea: Results From the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) Study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Buse Dawn C. , Saiers Jane , Fanning Kristina M. , Serrano Daniel , Reed Michael L. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundWhile nausea is a defining feature of migraine, the association of nausea with other headache features and its influence on the burden of migraine have not been quantified. Population‐based data were used to elucidate the relative frequency and burden of migraine‐associated nausea in persons with migraine.MethodsParticipants with episodic migraine who completed the 2009 American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention survey rated their headache‐related nausea as occurring none of the time, rarely, <half the time, or ≥half the time with their headaches. They also completed headache symptom severity and occupation/work status questions, the Headache Impact Test‐6, and treatment attitude items that were part of the 2009 survey. Regression models that adjusted for both sociodemographic characteristics and symptom severity were used to assess the influence of nausea frequency on outcome measures. Partial and semipartial correlational analyses were used to estimate the influence of nausea alone and in combination with other headache symptoms on headache‐related impact.ResultsAmong the 6488 respondents with episodic migraine, approximately half (49.5%) reported high‐frequency nausea (ie, ≥half the time) with headache. High‐frequency nausea was more common in females than males (adjusted odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.26‐1.44). Persons with high‐frequency nausea, compared with the no/rare or less than half the time nausea groups, reported significantly more headache symptoms and more headache‐related impact as measured by the Headache Impact Test‐6. High‐frequency nausea was also associated with being occupationally disabled or on medical leave, and more self‐reported financial burden of headache medications, worry about running out of headache medication(s), and that headache medications interfered with work or school work, household work, and family/leisure activities. Regression‐based correlational analyses indicated that nausea contributes significantly and independently to headache‐related impact.ConclusionsHigh‐frequency migraine‐associated nausea is common and is a marker for severe, debilitating migraine. Nausea makes an independent contribution to migraine‐associated disability and impact. Management strategies that take nausea into account could reduce the burden of migraine. Nausea is an important target for monitoring and treatment.
Tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and bioequivalence of the tablet and syrup formulations of lacosamide in plasma, saliva, and urine: Saliva as a surrogate of pharmacokinetics in the central compartment
Authors: Cawello Willi , Bökens Hilmar , Nickel Brunhild , Andreas Jens‐Otto , Halabi Atef 
Published: November 2012

SummaryPurpose:  To test for bioequivalence of 200 mg lacosamide oral tablet and syrup formulations. Additional objectives were to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of lacosamide in saliva and plasma, and to evaluate its tolerability.Methods:  This open‐label, randomized, two‐way crossover trial was conducted in 16 healthy Caucasian male participants in Germany. The bioequivalence of 200 mg lacosamide tablet and syrup was evaluated using plasma to determine maximum measured concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from zero to the last time point (AUC)(0–tz). Plasma and saliva samples for evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of lacosamide and the major metabolite O‐desmethyl lacosamide (SPM 12809) were taken over 15 time points (0.5–72 h) and used to statistically compare bioavailability of the two. Urine samples were collected predose and over five time points (0–48 h) to evaluate the cumulative amount of unchanged drug and metabolite.Key Findings:  Lacosamide median time to reach Cmax (tmax) was 1 h for tablet and 0.5 h for syrup in plasma and saliva. Mean terminal half life (t½) for tablet and syrup was 12.5 and 12.4 h in plasma, and 13.1 and 13.3 h in saliva, respectively. Tablet and syrup mean plasma AUC(0–tz) was 84.5 and 83.3 μg/mL*h, respectively. Mean AUC(0–tz) in saliva was 93.2 μg/mL*h for tablet and syrup. Mean Cmax for tablet was 5.26 μg/mL in plasma and 5.63 μg/mL in saliva. Syrup mean Cmax was 5.14 and 8.32 μg/mL in plasma and saliva, respectively. Within 2 h of syrup administration, elevated lacosamide concentration in saliva compared to plasma was observed. The ratio of lacosamide syrup to tablet was 0.98 for Cmax and 0.99 for AUC(0–tz) in plasma, and 1.00 for AUC(0–tz) in saliva; the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for these parameters were within the range of 0.80–1.25, which meets accepted bioequivalence criteria. The syrup‐to‐tablet ratio for Cmax in saliva was 1.48, and the 90% CIs exceeded the accepted upper boundary for bioequivalence (1.32–1.66). Both formulations were well tolerated. Metabolite concentration versus time profiles for saliva were similar to plasma following tablet and syrup administration.Significance:  The tablet and syrup formulations of lacosamide 200 mg were bioequivalent and well tolerated. Saliva samples were demonstrated to be a suitable surrogate to evaluate lacosamide tablet pharmacokinetics in the central compartment. Due to residual syrup in the buccal cavity, limitations exist when using saliva to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide syrup <2 h after administration.
Circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations in hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Menaut P. , Connolly D. J. , Volk A. , Pace C. , Luis Fuentes V. , Elliott J. , Syme H. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVESTo assess the influence of thyroid function on natriuretic peptide concentration in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment.METHODSSerum natriuretic peptide concentration was measured in 61 hyperthyroid cats recruited from first‐opinion clinics before and after treatment.RESULTSFollowing successful treatment, total thyroxine, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and packed cell volume all decreased and bodyweight and creatinine concentrations increased. Furthermore, a significant (P < 0·001) decline inNT‐proBNPconcentration but notNT‐proANPwas identified.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThyroid function has a modest but significant effect onNT‐proBNPconcentration. Thyroid status should be taken into account when interpretingNT‐proBNPconcentrations in cats.
The effect of inbreeding on natural selection in a seed‐feeding beetle
Authors: Fox C. W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLittle is known about how inbreeding alters selection on ecologically relevant traits. Inbreeding could affect selection by changing the distribution of traits and/or fitness, or by changing the causal effect of traits on fitness. Here, I test whether selection on egg size varies with the degree of inbreeding in the seed‐feeding beetle, Stator limbatus. There was strong directional selection favoring large eggs for both inbred and outbred beetles; offspring from smaller eggs had lower survivorship on a resistant host. Inbreeding treatment had no effect on the magnitude of selection on egg size; all selection coefficients were between ~0.078 and 0.096, regardless of treatment. However, inbreeding depression declined with egg size; this is because the difference in fitness between inbreds and outbreds did not change, but average fitness increased, with egg size. A consequence of this is that populations that differ in mean egg size should experience different magnitudes of inbreeding depression (all else being equal) and thus should differ in the magnitude of selection on traits that affect mating, simply as a consequence of variation in egg size. Also, maternal traits (such as egg size) that mediate stressfulness of the environment for offspring can mediate the severity of inbreeding depression.
A yeast tRNA mutant that causes pseudohyphal growth exhibits reduced rates of CAG codon translation
Authors: Kemp Alain J. , Betney Russell , Ciandrini Luca , Schwenger Alexandra C. M. , Romano M. Carmen , Stansfield Ian 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the SUP70 gene encodes the CAG‐decoding tRNAGlnCUG. A mutant allele, sup70‐65, induces pseudohyphal growth on rich medium, an inappropriate nitrogen starvation response. This mutant tRNA is also a UAG nonsense suppressor via first base wobble. To investigate the basis of the pseudohyphal phenotype, 10 novel sup70 UAG suppressor alleles were identified, defining positions in the tRNAGlnCUG anticodon stem that restrict first base wobble. However, none conferred pseudohyphal growth, showing altered CUG anticodon presentation cannot itself induce pseudohyphal growth. Northern blot analysis revealed the sup70‐65 tRNAGlnCUG is unstable, inefficiently charged, and 80% reduced in its effective concentration. A stochastic model simulation of translation predicted compromised expression of CAG‐rich ORFs in the tRNAGlnCUG‐depleted sup70‐65 mutant. This prediction was validated by demonstrating that luciferase expression in the mutant was 60% reduced by introducing multiple tandem CAG (but not CAA) codons into this ORF. In addition, the sup70‐65 pseudohyphal phenotype was partly complemented by overexpressing CAA‐decoding tRNAGlnUUG, an inefficient wobble‐decoder of CAG. We thus show that introducing codons decoded by a rare tRNA near the 5′ end of an ORF can reduce eukaryote translational expression, and that the mutant tRNACUGGln constitutive pseudohyphal differentiation phenotype correlates strongly with reduced CAG decoding efficiency.
Characterization of the cellular immunity in patients presenting extensive dermatophytoses due to Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Bressani V. O. , Santi T. N. , Domingues‐Ferreira M. , Almeida A. , Duarte A. J. S. , Moraes‐Vasconcelos D. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryDermatophytes invade the stratum corneum of the skin and other keratinized tissues such as hair and nails, and Trichophyton rubrum causes approximately 80% of cutaneous mycoses in humans. To evaluate the cellular immune response of patients with extensive dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum, we evaluated lymphocyte populations, the lymphoproliferative response to: phytohaemagglutinin (PHA); anti‐CD3 (OKT3); and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Candida sp. (CMA), an extract of T. rubrum, and the main fungal epitope TriR2 (T). We also evaluated interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12 and IFN‐γ after stimulation by PHA, CMA and TriR2. The immunophenotyping showed no differences between patients and controls. The lymphoproliferation test showed significant differences between the groups stimulated by PWM and CMA, as well as against TriR2, being significantly higher for the control group. Conversely, there were similar results for the groups after stimulation by the extract. The cytokines’ quantification showed a significant difference between the groups only for IFN‐γ stimulated by PHA and TriR2. We can conclude that the fungal extract can stimulate lymphoproliferation by both groups’ lymphocytes. However, the response to Tri r2 was more specific. We showed that some patients with extensive dermatophytosis have normal cellular response, recognising both the extract and TriR2.
Functional expression of SK channels in murine detrusor PDGFRα+ cells
Authors: Lee Haeyeong , Koh Byoung H. , Peri Lauren E. , Sanders Kenton M. , Koh Sang Don 
Published: November 2012

Key points
SK currents have been recorded from detrusor smooth muscle cells, but current density at physiological holding potentials is negligible.
We discovered a new class of interstitial cell in the bladder that were identified using antibodies against platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α(PDGFRα+ cells).
SK3 channel transcripts and protein are highly expressed in PDGFRα+ cells in comparison to smooth muscle cells.
Current density attributable to SK‐like currents is much higher in PDGFRα+ cells than in smooth muscle cells. Single channel currents, consistent with the conductance and Ca2+ sensitivity of SK3 channels were measured in PDGFRα+ cells.
The abundance of SK3 channels in PDGFRα+ cells in detrusor muscles suggests that PDGFRα+ cells, not SMCs, provide apamin‐sensitive regulation of detrusor excitability.
Abstract  We sought to characterize molecular expression and ionic conductances in a novel population of interstitial cells (PDGFRα+ cells) in murine bladder to determine how these cells might participate in regulation of detrusor excitability. PDGFRα+ cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were isolated from detrusor muscles of PDGFRα+/eGFP and smMHC/Cre/eGFP mice and sorted by FACS. PDGFRα+ cells were highly enriched in Pdgfra (12 fold vs. unsorted cell) and minimally positive for Mhc (SMC marker), Kit (ICC marker) and Pgp9.5 (neuronal marker). SK3 was dominantly expressed in PDGFRα+ cells in comparison to SMCs. αSlo (BK marker) was more highly expressed in SMCs. SK3 protein was observed in PDGFRα+ cells by immunohistochemistry but could not be resolved in SMCs. Depolarization evoked voltage‐dependent Ca2+ currents in SMCs, but inward current conductances were not activated in PDGFRα+ cells under the same conditions. PDGFRα+ cells displayed spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) at potentials positive to −60 mV that were inhibited by apamin. SK channel modulators, CyPPA and SKA‐31, induced significant hyperpolarization of PDGFRα+ cells and activated SK currents under voltage clamp. Similar responses were not resolved in SMCs at physiological potentials. Single channel measurements confirmed the presence of functional SK3 channels (i.e. single channel conductance of 10 pS and sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+) in PDGFRα+ cells. The apamin‐sensitive stabilizing factor regulating detrusor excitability is likely to be due to the expression of SK3 channels in PDGFRα+ cells because SK agonists failed to elicit resolvable currents and hyperpolarization in SMCs at physiological potentials.
Thymidine Analogues Suppress Autophagy and Adipogenesis in Cultured Adipocytes
Authors: Stankov Metodi V. , Panayotova-Dimitrova Diana , Leverkus Martin , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Behrens Georg M. N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTLipoatrophy in HIV patients can result from prolonged exposure to thymidine analogues. Mitochondrial toxicity leading to dysregulated adipogenesis and increased cell death has been proposed as a leading factor in the etiology of peripheral fat loss. We hypothesized that thymidine analogues interfere with autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway, which is important for mitochondrial quality control, cellular survival, and adipogenesis. We assessed the effects of zidovudine (AZT), stavudine (d4T), and lamivudine (3TC) on autophagy in eukaryotic cells and adipocytes (3T3-F442A) by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The effects were compared to interventions with established genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of autophagy and correlated to assessments of cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. AZT and d4T, but not 3TC, inhibited both constitutive and induced autophagic activity in adipocytes. This inhibition was associated with accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and impaired adipogenic conversion. Autophagy inhibition was dose and time dependent and detectable at therapeutic drug concentrations. Similar phenotypic changes were obtained when genetic or pharmacological inhibition of autophagy was employed. Our data suggest that thymidine analogues disturb adipocyte function through inhibition of autophagy. This novel mechanism potentially contributes to peripheral fat loss in HIV-infected patients.