bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Semaglutide on Muscle Structure and Function in the SLIM LIVER Study
Authors: Ditzenberger Grace L , Lake Jordan E , Kitch Douglas W , Kantor Amy , Muthupillai Raja , Moser Carlee , Belaunzaran-Zamudio Pablo F , Brown Todd T , Corey Kathleen , Landay Alan L , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Sattler Fred R , Erlandson Kristine M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Semaglutide is highly effective for decreasing weight. Concomitant loss of muscle mass often accompanies weight loss and may have consequences on muscle function.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis from the SLIM LIVER (Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections, ACTG A5371) study, a single-arm study of semaglutide in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD). Participants received subcutaneous semaglutide for 24 weeks (titrated to 1 mg/week by week 4). Psoas volume and fat fraction were assessed from liver magnetic resonance imaging, and physical function was assessed by 10-time chair rise test and 4 m gait speed. Mean change from baseline to week 24 was estimated with linear regression modeling.

Results
Fifty-one PWH were enrolled (muscle measures n = 46). The mean age was 50 years (standard deviation, 11), body mass index was 35.5 kg/m2 (5.6), 43% were women, 33% Black, and 39% Hispanic/Latino. Psoas muscle volume decreased by 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −13.4 to −5.2; P &lt; .001) over 24 weeks, but psoas muscle fat did not significantly change (−0.42%; 95% CI: −1.00 to .17; P = .16). Chair rise and gait speed showed nonsignificant improvements of 1.27 seconds (95% CI: −2.7 to .10) and 0.05 m/sec (95% CI: −.01 to .10), respectively (both P &gt; .07). The prevalence of slow gait speed (&lt;1 m/sec) decreased from 63% to 46% (P = .029).

Conclusions
In PWH receiving semaglutide for MASLD, despite decreased psoas muscle volume, there was no significant change in physical function, suggesting function was maintained despite significant loss of muscle.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04216589.
Asymmetrical, symmetrical and artifactual man: group size and cooperation in James Buchanan’s constitutional economics
Authors: Marciano Alain , Meadowcroft John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Economics is frequently criticised for relying on a narrow and limited view of human beings. This may be particularly true of economic analyses of non-market decisions in which individuals often appear reduced to self-interested automata who maximise a given objective function. In this article, we show that the approach of one of the founders of public choice and constitutional political economy, James Buchanan, contradicts this view. Even though he assumed individuals were rational and self-interested, Buchanan nevertheless had a sophisticated view of human nature. He distinguished between a natural and artifactual man, but also between (what we term) symmetrical and asymmetrical man. This is not only important to demonstrate the richness of the ontology of an influential economist, but also because, we also show, Buchanan’s public choice and constitutional economics cannot be understood without a reference to this ontology.
DRL-Tomo: a deep reinforcement learning-based approach to augmented data generation for network tomography
Authors: Hou Changsheng , Hou Bingnan , Li Xionglve , Zhou Tongqing , Chen Yingwen , Cai Zhiping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate and current comprehension of network status is crucial for efficient network management. Nevertheless, direct network measurement strategies entail substantial traffic overhead and demand intricate coordination among network entities, making them impractical. Network tomography, an indirect measurement approach, utilizes insights garnered from measured parts to deduce characteristics of the entire network. Past studies frequently depend on acquiring challenging-to-access information, such as the complete network topology or support from specialized protocols. Unfortunately, these constraints pose challenges in non-cooperative scenarios where obtaining such information is difficult. Recent endeavors pursue emancipating tomography from dependence on copious information, striving to predict unmeasured path performance using limited data. Nevertheless, the disparity between the measured data and actual performance has hindered the accuracy. In response, we introduce an innovative tomography framework named DRL-Tomo, designed to alleviate potential biases. DRL-Tomo initiates by generating augmented data through deep reinforcement learning, gradually approximating the genuine performance of unmeasured paths. Subsequently, a neural network model is trained using this augmented data, enabling precise inferences. Our experiments, encompassing both real-world and synthetic datasets, vividly demonstrate DRL-Tomo’s remarkable enhancement. Specifically, it achieves a substantial 10%–67% improvement in path delay prediction and an impressive 30%–98% enhancement in path loss rate prediction.
Revisiting Thomas De Quincey’s Aesthetics of Murder: Irony and Sensation in the Periodical Press
Authors: Duan Yingjie , Tian Junwu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
De Quincey’s mischievous, parodical play with Kant’s aesthetic absolutism and Aristotle’s theory of tragedy reveals an ironical tone of his aesthetics of murder. It suggests that what he surveys in earnest is not the aestheticization of murder but the aestheticiability of murder. The facile treatment of murder in aesthetic terms conveys more satirical overtones when we associate it with the periodical press in which it was produced and read. To be specific, De Quincey draws upon an autobiographical mode to ironize his own contribution to magazine sensationalism. While he is highly capable of tapping into the commercially popular modes of sensational writing about criminality, violence, and transgression, he implicitly and ironically shows his reluctance to merge himself with the literary market. De Quincey’s fear to the overwhelming periodical press may conclude the self-reflexive irony of his aesthetics of murder.
Place of Birth and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans: Findings From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol
Authors: Lin Zhuoer , Chen Xi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Growing evidence suggests that place of birth (PoB) and related circumstances may have long-lasting and multiplicative contributions to various later-life outcomes. However, the specific contributions to different domains of cognitive function in late life remain less understood. This study investigated the extent to which state of birth contributes to a wide range of domains of later-life cognitive function.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of Americans aged 65 and older (N = 3,333) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) was utilized. Cognitive function was assessed in HCAP and linked to HRS state of birth data to explore the contribution of PoB to later-life cognitive disparities. Regression-based Shapley decompositions were employed to quantify this contribution.

Results
PoB significantly contributed to all assessed cognitive domains including memory, executive function, language and fluency, visuospatial function, orientation, and general cognitive function. Geographic disparities in cognitive function were evident across PoB, with individuals born in U.S. southern states and foreign-born individuals performing worse than those born in other states. Overall, state of birth accounted for 2.2%–9.7% of the total variance in cognition after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. This contribution declined to 2.0%–7.0% after further adjusting for comprehensive socioeconomic and health factors over the life course, and was robust to the control of current state of residence.

Discussion
PoB has lasting contributions to later-life cognition, with significant geographic disparities observed. Addressing these disparities requires more equalized place-based policies, resources, and early-life environments to promote health equity over the life course.
Omega-3 fatty acids-critical for the marine food web and for seabird productivity
Authors: Baird Pat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Seabird reproductive success in northern latitudes is often linked with prey abundance, availability, size, or species. Causes are often broadly explained as changes in ocean currents/temperatures, or diets. Few studies trace diets down the food web to primary producers, thus missing what I propose as an underlying cause of seabird colony failure, dietary abundance of essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA differ from other nutrients because they are, in part, ligands—critical for reproduction and other physiological processes for the entire marine food web, not just for seabirds. Diatoms are one of the few life forms that can produce PUFA de novo, and a lack of PUFA in zooplankton and fish reduces their abundance and productivity, with consequences up the food web. Since the mid-1980s, historical prey of breeding seabirds has decreased, and frequency of colony failures has increased. In years of failure, prey often had less fat than historically preferred species. Likewise, proportions of alternate species’ PUFA, from published papers, show lower values than in historical prey. Production of PUFA by diatoms is depressed in warmer and more acidic environments, and I hypothesize that these warmer and more acidic seas have affected production of PUFA over the past 3–4 decades. Assuming this is true, I propose that these lower amounts of PUFA have negatively impacted the breeding success of all members of the marine food web, not just seabirds.
Feasibility of aligning creatine kinase MB activity and mass data in multicentre trials using generalized additive modelling
Authors: Hoenicka Markus , Vokshi Arbresha , Zhou Shaoxia , Liebold Andreas , Mayer Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Elevated serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) levels indicate myocardial ischaemia and periprocedural myocardial injury during treatment of heart diseases. We established a method to predict CK-MB mass from activity data based on a prospective pilot study in order to simplify multicentre trials.

METHODS
38 elective cardiac surgery patients without acute myocardial ischaemia and terminal renal failure were recruited. CK-MB mass and activity were determined in venous blood samples drawn preoperatively, postoperatively, 6 h post-op, and 12 h post-op. Linear regression and generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to describe the relationship of mass and activity. Influences of demographic and perioperative factors on the fit of GAMs was evaluated. The agreement of predicted and measured CK-MB masses was assessed by Bland–Altman analyses.

RESULTS
Linear regression provided an acceptable overall fit (r2 = 0.834) but showed deviances at low CK-MB levels. GAMs did not benefit from the inclusion of age, body mass index and surgical times. The minimal adequate model predicted CK-MB masses from activities, sex and sampling time with an r2 of 0.981. Bland–Altman analyses confirmed narrow limits of agreement (spread: 8.87 µg/l) and the absence of fixed (P = 0.41) and proportional (P = 0.21) biases.

CONCLUSIONS
GAM-based modelling of CK-MB data in a representative patient cohort allowed to predict CK-MB masses from activities, sex and sampling time. This approach simplifies the integration of study centres with incompatible CK-MB data into multicentre trials in order to facilitate inclusion of CK-MB levels in statistical models.
Uniquely Realisable Graphs in Analytic Normed Planes
Authors: Dewar Sean , Hewetson John , Nixon Anthony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A framework $(G,p)$ in Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^{d}$ is globally rigid if it is the unique realisation, up to rigid congruences, of $G$ with the edge lengths of $(G,p)$. Building on key results of Hendrickson [28] and Connelly [14], Jackson and Jordán [29] gave a complete combinatorial characterisation of when a generic framework is global rigidity in $\mathbb{E}^{2}$. We prove an analogous result when the Euclidean norm is replaced by any norm that is analytic on $\mathbb{R}^{2} \setminus \{0\}$. Specifically, we show that a graph $G=(V,E)$ has an open set of globally rigid realisations in a non-Euclidean analytic normed plane if and only if $G$ is 2-connected and $G-e$ contains 2 edge-disjoint spanning trees for all $e\in E$. We also prove that the analogous necessary conditions hold in $d$-dimensional normed spaces.
The Problems and Paradoxes with the EU’s Regulation of Traineeships: A Way Forward
Authors: Helme Joanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traineeships are becoming too big an issue to ignore: over half of all young Europeans now complete one. This article provides the first comprehensive critique of EU-level regulation on traineeships, uncovering the problems and paradoxes within the existing regime and offering solutions. Part I examines the problems with the current patchwork of regulation, comprised of the Quality Framework on Traineeships, Court of Justice case-law and European Committee of Social Rights’ decision in YFJ v Belgium on unpaid internships. Challenges include the ‘hollow’ status of a trainee, the paradoxical requirements for employers to provide ‘solid and meaningful’ learning content without offering ‘real or genuine’ work and the incoherence of the ‘bogus’ traineeship approach, which is dependent upon a ‘non-bogus’ traineeship that does not exist. Part II then outlines three criteria for future regulation with a view to resolving the problems of the existing regime. Part III then evaluates the new regulatory proposals of the European Parliament and the Commission against these criteria. It is ultimately argued that the European Parliament’s approach is preferable to the Commission’s ‘disguised employee’ approach, since it fundamentally re-envisions trainees as workers with additional rights, reversing the current negative trainee status as those without working rights.
Evaluating User Engagement and Preference in Virtual Reality and Augmented Virtuality for Interactive Storytelling
Authors: Jin Yunshui , Ma Minhua , Liu Zhejun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Technologies like virtual reality (VR) and augmented virtuality (AV) based on head-mounted display (HMD) have made immersive interactive narrative experience possible. To investigate the differences between HMD VR and HMD AV for interactive storytelling, an app entitled the Extended Journey has been designed, developed and deployed on both VR headsets and optical see-through (OST) mixed reality (MR) headsets. Subsequently, a within-subjects design experiment with sixty participants was conducted to measure different factors of user experience in HMD VR and HMD AV conditions. Additionally, a between-subjects design experiment with 62 participants was conducted to evaluate narrative immersion and presence. Quantitative results from the experiments reveal that HMD VR narrative had statistically significantly better narrative immersion, presence, enjoyment and perceived affinity of computer-generated (CG) characters compared with HMD AV narrative in the context of galleries and museums. Based on Sundar's Modality-Agency-Interactivity-Navigability (MAIN) model, we proposed and validated that sense of being-there and interaction mediated the relationship between immersive media modality and narrative immersion as well as empathy. Qualitative data and behavioral tests showed that young people have a higher preference for HMD VR over HMD AV, but for specific use scenarios, there is still a certain possibility of choosing HMD AV due to security and space limitations. These findings have theoretical implications for the psychology of VR and AV, and practical applications for HMD-based immersive narrative in general.
Held v State of Montana: A Constitutional Rights Turn in Climate Change Litigation?
Authors: Ferguson Erin C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This analysis examines the decision in Held v State of Montana by the Montana First Judicial District Court, in which 16 youth plaintiffs successfully argued that provisions within the state energy policy and the Montana Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) violate their constitutional right to a clean and healthful environment. As the first climate case in the USA to be brought based on a constitutional right to a healthy environment, it has received considerable attention and is being hailed as a landmark victory. This analysis examines the case in the context of recent trends in climate change litigation and argues that whilst the decision is indeed noteworthy, the circumstances that led to the decision make it unlikely that a wave of similarly successful claims will follow in the USA. Nevertheless, the case could mark a so-called ‘constitutional rights turn’ in climate litigation, as the case bolsters support for stronger protections for environmental rights.
Genetic ablation of myeloid integrin α9 attenuates early atherosclerosis
Authors: Barbhuyan Tarun , Patel Rakesh B , Budnik Ivan , Chauhan Anil K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Integrin α9β1 is known to stabilize leukocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium. We determined the role of myeloid cell α9β1 in early atherosclerosis in two models: α9Mye-KOApoe−/− or the Ldlr−/− mice transplanted with bone marrow (BM) from α9Mye-KO mice fed a high-fat “Western” diet for 4 wk. α9Mye-KOApoe−/− mice exhibited reduced early lesions in the aortae and aortic sinuses (P &lt; 0.05 vs α9WT Apoe−/− mice). Similar results were obtained in α9Mye-KO BM→Ldlr−/− mice (P &lt; 0.05 vs α9WT BM→Ldlr−/− mice). Reduced early atherosclerosis in α9Mye-KOApoe−/− mice was associated with decreased neutrophil and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) content in the aortic lesions (P &lt; 0.05 vs α9WTApoe−/−). Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-stimulated neutrophils from α9Mye-KO mice exhibited reduced adhesion, transmigration, and NETs formation (NETosis) (P &lt; 0.05 vs α9WT neutrophils). Reduced NETosis was associated with decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, and citrullinated histone H3 expression. In summary, genetic ablation of myeloid cell-specific α9 reduces early atherosclerosis, most likely by reducing neutrophil adhesion, transmigration, and NETosis.
An adapted white-coat and warm-heart intervention on nurses’ knowledge, general stigmatizing attitudes, and work avoidance behaviors towards HIV: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Ling , Jiang Ying , Liu Peng , Liu Wanli , Cao Xiaoxia , Luo Qin , Fu Cangmei , He Lianxiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the effect of an adapted white-coat and warm-heart intervention (AWWI) among nurses.

Background
HIV discrimination among medical staff hinders progress in HIV prevention.

Methods
A total of 779 nurses were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group was provided with AWWI training. The control group did not receive AWWI training. HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of participants were assessed.

Results
Participants in the intervention group had better HIV-related knowledge and less stigmatizing attitudes and work avoidance behavior levels than participants in the control group after the 1-, 3-, and 6-month interventions (P &lt; .05). The main effects of group and time factors were highly significant in the intervention group. There were significant interaction effects in group and time factors.

Conclusions
AWWI effectively improved the level of HIV-related knowledge and reduced general stigmatizing attitudes and work avoidance behaviors among nurses based on self-reported data in a tertiary hospital in China during a 6-month period.
A longitudinal study of rotating shift type and attention performance of acute and critical care nurses with chronotype as moderator variable
Authors: Lee Ai , Lin Yen-Kuang , Lin Yu-Huei , Chang Wen-Pei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether chronotype is a moderator variable that also interacts with shift type and whether they jointly influence the attention performance of nurses working in acute and critical care units.

Methods
We adopted a longitudinal research design focusing on nurses working rotating shifts in the emergency room and intensive care units at a medical center. A total of 40 complete samples were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using the generalized estimating equations in SAS 9.4.

Results
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.35 (2.12) years. After controlling for age, gender, and sleep duration, an interaction effect was discovered between a specific chronotype and shift type; that is, the interaction effect between chronotype and shift type was only significant when comparing late-types working the night shift with early- and intermediate-types working the night shift (B = −18.81, P = .011). The least squares means of the mean reaction time of the interaction effects between the 2 chronotype groups and the 3 shift types found that the mean reaction time of late-types working the night shift was 11.31 ms (P = .044) slower compared with working the day shift.

Conclusions
The chronotype is a moderator variable between shift type and mean reaction time, such that matching the chronotype of nurses in acute and critical care units with the appropriate shift type improved their mean reaction time. It is hoped that the results of this study could serve as a reference for acute and critical care nurses when scheduling their shifts.
Liminality and transactional sex among queer refugees: Insights from Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, and Switzerland
Authors: Heidari Shirin , Whitacre Ryan , Usta Jinan , Caglar Meric , Tyrovolas Thanasis , Rajan Aesha , Onyango Monica A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
People of diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and expressions who have been forcibly displaced (hereafter referred to as ‘queer refugees’) encounter liminal conditions along their displacement journeys that reinforce their marginalization. We conducted interviews with 46 queer refugees in four countries: Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, and Switzerland. We found that restrictive border controls, migration and refugee policies, asylum processes, and integration efforts structured queer refugees’ liminalities. In turn, they employed survival strategies, including engaging in transactional sexual practices, to meet their basic needs; however, these practices introduced health challenges for which they had limited access to services. In many instances, queer refugees engaged in transactional sex under exploitative and abusive conditions that heightened the risk of sexual and gender-based violence. Thus, we conclude that forced displacement emplaced queer refugees in states of multidimensional liminality that reinforced their marginalization.