bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male Domestic Abuse: The Continuing Contrast Between Women's Experiences and Juridical Responses
Authors: Langer Rosanna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWomen's perceptions of abuse differ deeply from official characterizations of them and are largely absent from legal discourse on male domestic abuse despite two decades of reform initiatives. This article traces the enforcement of male domestic dominance and violence through the failures of the criminal justice system to incorporate women's perspectives in systemic responses to male spouse batterers. I argue that it is factors such as official labelling of abuse by the juridical system, including police, which determine whether abuse is ‘officially’ recognized as such and whether the male violent family is stabilized by policies, practices, and non-intervention. This interaction between definitions and institutional responses makes it crucial to understand how women define their own experiences of abuse. The article concludes that male domestic abuse remains a contested area of juridical understandings and practices. Insofar as the ‘official’ definition of her situation impacts on the abused woman's self-perception, and on her access to resources she might use to get out of danger, it determines the organization of ‘domestic abuse’ as well.
A Deceptive Cadence: Nineteenth-Century Property Law and Popular Culture's Perception of The Piano
Authors: La Forest Anne Warner 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe tale presented in the film The Piano is placed in mid-19th-century New Zealand and has been heralded by critics as a timeless love story, and described as erotic and romantic. A legal historical review of this time period, however, demonstrates that, upon marriage, women had very limited property rights and were entirely dependent upon men, whether their fathers, their husbands, or otherwise. In particular, personal objects such as a piano would become the property of the husband upon marriage. Hence, a married woman's access to the ability to express herself in this manner was not her own. The actions of the characters in this film are consistent with the law applicable to this time period. Ultimately, from this persective, the movie is about the abuses of this kind of culture and its inability to suppress the human spirit—the piano being a symbol of exactly that struggle. This paper compares the “modern” perception of this film to its historical context, with the objective of determining what this says about our present society and culture.
Mirrors In the Robing Room: Reflections of Lawyers and the Law In Canadian Television Drama
Authors: Miller Mary Jane 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces the idea of the “inflection” of formula to account for the distinctive ways in which lawyers and the law are portrayed in CBC television series ranging fromWojecktoStreet Legal. The paper also examines various law-related drama specials and legal docudramas such asScales of Justicewith a view to finding out how the law and legal professionals are perceived in Canadian popular culture. The author concludes with a consideration of some lawyers' reactions to their television image.
Marking Difference in American Commerce: Trademarks and Alterity at Century's Ends
Authors: Coombe Rosemary J. 
Published: July 2014

Since 1930, the mascot of Robertson'sRMarmalade, England's GolliwogR(who looks like Buckwheat, but a bit more nattily attired) has appeared on over 20 million pieces of merchandise—from teapots to toothbrushes to T-shirts … When Golly was criticized in 1984 by some of England's “oversensitive” black population, a Robertson's spokesman righteously declared, “the Golly forms part of our national tradition and attacking it is an attack on a part of British culture.”This anecdote attracts both our cultural and legal attention. Capturing the central role of trademarks in national culture, it also points to a politics of ownership and protest. Accounting for its significance theoretically, however, is no easy task. Somehow, it resists easy accommodation in any of the three dominant approaches towards the commodified imagery of late capitalism.
Discursive Deficits: A Feminist Perspective on the Power of Technical Knowledge in Fiscal Law and Policy
Authors: Philipps Lisa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDecisions about taxation and government spending have great political significance: they affect the distribution of income and wealth and the nature and degree of class, gender and other social inequalities. However, tax and budgetary issues are frequently constructed as technical matters that can be resolved rationally according to economic, mathematical or other ostensibly neutral principles. The author examines the debate around budget deficits and recent sex equality challenges to the income tax system, and argues that both illustrate how technical discourses tend to deny the normative content of fiscal law and policy and to disqualify political opposition to the prevailing fiscal order as irrational, ideological and inexpert. The paper concludes by examining the discursive strategies of feminists and others interested in fiscal change. The author considers how feminists might respond to, and even harness, the power of technical knowledges in struggling for tax and expenditure reforms while also challenging the oppressive features and depoliticizing tendencies of such discourses.
“An Embarrassingly and Severely Masculine Atmosphere”: Women, Gender and the Legal Profession at Osgoode Hall, 1920s–1960s
Authors: Morgan Cecilia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines gender relations within Ontario's Osgoode Hall Law School from the 1920s to the 1960s, focussing on the women who entered the school during this period. It analyzes their backgrounds and motives for entering law school and it also examines their experiences at the school and as articling students. This paper argues that the legal profession's insistence on its masculine nature shaped women law students' attempts to construct their own professional identities and to reconcile their professionalism with their gender, ethnic and racial, and class backgrounds (the majority of these women were Anglo-Celtic and middle-class). Yet while masculinity was the norm for both the profession and the law school, it was not a static, monolithic construct; it was constructed and expressed in a number of ways by male students and instructors at Osgoode Hall, particularly in the pages of the student press and through the activities of O s goode's student organization. Such struggles to define male law students' identities invariably affected women law students; in turn, through the Women's Law Association of Ontario, they worked to create an alternative space where women lawyers and students could work for change and attempt to reconcile professionalism and middle-class femininity.
The Chutzpah of Chasidism
Authors: Van Praagh Shauna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMembers of the Chasidic Jewish communities of Montreal lead what appear to be insular lives, sharply defined by physical, cultural and religious boundaries. In describing and questioning the interface between Chasidic and non-Chasidic life and law, the author draws on the theoretical insights of legal pluralism, feminism and what has been labelled “everyday life.” These insights, combined in a critical way, provide the framework and justification for a focus on family relations and education, two crucial aspects of Chasidic experience and identity. Both family relations and education demarcate Chasidic space and communities; they also serve to show how the boundaries are transgressed, blurred, and complicated. Rather than searching for the clearly marked lines that divide Chasidim and non-Chasidim, then, the more fruitful project is one that acknowledges patterns of interaction and constantly changing meanings and practices. It is by recognizing and working with moving boundaries and messy intersections that a picture of life and law—both inside and outside a particular community—can emerge.
Le Processus québécois d'enquête en matière de plaintes de discrimination: Quelques raisons de s'inquiéter
Authors: Lamarche Lucie 
Published: July 2014

RésuméL'existence, au Québec, d'un tribunal des droits de la personne est unique au Canada. On doit toutefois constater que la création d'un tribunal spécialisé se destinant au respect des droits de la personne ne règle pas en ellemême les déficiences souvent invoquées par les citoyens et les citoyennes au chapitre de l'efficacité des mécanismes de résolution des plaintes de discrimination. Le présent article a pour but d'analyser le processus de traitement des plaintes et, d'autre part, de qualifier la philosophie d'intervention de la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, responsable du processus de traitement des plaintes de discrimination. Soixante-quinze pourcent des dossiers annuellement ouverts auprès de la commission se soldent par le rejet administratif de la plainte et ce, à diverses étapes du processus. Par ailleurs, la quasi-totalité des dossiers non fermés à diverses étapes de la procédure font l'objet d'un règlement entre les parties. L'individualisation des solutions et du traitement des plaintes qu'encourage la recherche de la satisfaction du client-plaignant, si elle constitue une approche alléchante, n'en demeure pas moins insatisfaisante lorsqu'il s'agit des garanties liées aux droits fondamentaux de la personne. Compte tenu des caractéristiques de la «clientèle» de la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse, cet article propose en conclusion un lien statistique et sociologique entre l'incidence de la rècherche de règlements hors cour et le non accès plus général à la justice de cette même clientèle. Elle doit se contenter de la reformulation administrative du coût des atteintes à son droit à l'égalité. Cette moindre part de justice est inquiétante.
Le Pluralisme juridique chez Gunther Teubner: La nouvelle guerre des dieux?
Authors: Coutu Michel 
Published: July 2014

RésuméSe situant dans la perspective de la théorie des systèmes, Gunther Teubner fournit une contribution importante à la problématique du pluralisme juridique. Empruntant à Max Weber le thème du polythéisme des valeurs, Teubner s'attache à démontrer l'actualité de la métaphore de la «guerre des dieux», en transposant toutefois l'analyse sur le plan proprement sociologique d'une pluralité des rationalités discursives et systémiques caractéristique de la société contemporaine. Abordant le pluralisme juridique à partir d'une représentation de la société comme fragmentée en une pluralité de sous-systèmes autonomes, Teubner est en mesure d'éviter certains des écueils sur lesquels bute la conception pluraliste du droit, telles une vision trop monolithique du droit étatique et une absence de délimitation adéquate des phénomènes juridiques. Ceci n'empêche pas la théorie autopoïétique défendue par Teubner de se confronter à des difficultés majeures: en particulier, l'idée d'un système juridique radicalement autonome présupposée par la théorie ne se concilie pas aisément avec la conception d'une pluralité des ordres juridiques à la base du paradigme pluraliste.
La Catégorie «Femme/s» dans la discrimination sur le sexe
Authors: Boivin Michelle 
Published: July 2014

RésuméDans cet article, l'auteure analyse un problème crucial en théories féministes et en droit, soit la question de la catégorie «Femme/s». Y a-t-il une catégorie «Femme/s»? Cette catégorie est-elle exclusive, si bien que la présence d'un seul homme, par exemple, invalide l'étiquette et écarte la question du domaine de l'égalité des sexes? De plus, pour faire valoir avec succès les dispositions de non-discrimination de la Charte, faut-il nécessairement démontrer un préjudice à l'endroit de toutes les femmes sans exception? En d'autres termes, la catégorie «Femme/s» est-elle nécessairement universelle et totalisante? Pour répondre à ces questions, l'auteure aborde les rapports Femme/Homme pour conclure à l'absence d'une opposition binaire absolue, mais l'existence d'une domination séculaire. L'auteure analyse ensuite la relation Femme/Société, où les femmes sont trop souvent assimilées aux minorités, ravalées dans la famille ou réduites à la «Femme Universelle». Dénonçant le caractère arbitraire et artificiel ainsi que les aspects déformants et réducteurs du processus de catégorisation, l'auteure constate que le droit force le maintien de la catégorie «Femme/s» jusqu'à ce que l'ensemble des femmes atteignent le même statut économique, juridique, politique, social, symbolique, etc., que l'ensemble des hommes.
Québec's Conceptions of Aboriginal Rights
Authors: Lajoie Andrée , Melançon Hugues , Rocher Guy , Janda Richard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study of the meaning given to aboriginal rights from within both judicial and parliamentary sources in Québec reveals, contrary to expectations, a general pattern according to which a more liberal attitude toward rights was taken by the political class than by the judiciary, except perhaps for nuances on criminal law matters. But on the whole, both groups were more insistent, and had a more open position, on legal and political autonomy, although confined within the boundaries of legal monism, than on economic rights linked with aboriginal title. Both also emphasized collective over individual rights. Beyond partisan diversity and rhetoric, there was a consensus on some basic issues, a core of specific elements common to all—or most—Quebec legislators and judges on the aboriginal question.
Generative spatial performance design system
Authors: Coorey Benjamin P. , Jupp Julie R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractArchitectural spatial design is a wicked problem that can have a multitude of solutions for any given brief. The information needed to resolve architectural design problems is often not readily available during the early conceptual stages, requiring proposals to be evaluated only after an initial solution is reached. This “solution-driven” design approach focuses on the generation of designs as a means to explore the solution space. Generative design can be achieved computationally through parametric and algorithmic processes. However, utilizing a large repertoire of organiational patterns and design precedent knowledge together with the precise criteria of spatial evaluation can present design challenges even to an experienced architect. In the implementation of a parametric design process lies an opportunity to supplement the designer's knowledge with computational decision support that provides real-time spatial feedback during conceptual design. This paper presents an approach based on a generative multiperformance framework, configured for generating and optimizing architectural designs based on a precedent design. The system is constructed using a parametric modeling environment enabling the capture of precedent designs, extraction of spatial analytics, and demonstration of how populations can be used to drive the generation and optimization of alternate spatial solutions. A pilot study implementing the complete workflow of the system is used to illustrate the benefits of coupling parametric modeling with structured precedent analysis and design generation.
Aggression, hostile attributions, status, and gender: A continued quest
Authors: Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Van Den Berg Yvonne H. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study had two goals. The first goal was to examine the association between two indicators of negative bias in children and their associations with children's aggression. The second goal was to examine a possible dual role of social status, operationalized as popularity, as a concurrent correlate of negative bias and as a moderator of the effect of negative bias on children's aggression. The roles of gender and type of aggression were also examined. Participants were 366 fifth- and sixth-grade children (49% girls;Mage= 11.07 years,SD= 0.85 year) who completed peer- and self-report measures in their classrooms. The results showed that the two indicators of negative bias were associated with each other and with children's aggression. Popularity was weakly associated with negative bias. However, popularity did moderate the association of hostile attributions with aggression. The associations of both measures of negative bias with aggression also varied by gender, with stronger associations for boys than for girls. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The potential of local food systems in North America: A review of foodshed analyses
Authors: Horst M. , Gaolach B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFoodshed analysis provides a way to assess the capacity of regions to feed themselves. While dozens of foodshed analyses have been completed across North America, they have not been systematically analyzed. This paper reviews 22 foodshed analyses completed in the USA and Canada between 2000 and 2013. The criteria used to evaluate the foodshed studies are authorship/type of publication, spatial extent, goals and questions, methods and data sources for assessing consumption and production, analysis of pathways from production to consumption and findings. Similarities and differences, along with strengths and weaknesses, are identified. Together, the foodshed studies indicate significant opportunity for food system relocalization across North America. Foodshed studies are a potentially powerful tool for policy analysis and planning. A future research agenda for foodshed studies is identified, including addressing data gaps and establishing more standardized models for evaluating production, consumption and pathways.
Elevated temperature alters proteomic responses of individual organisms within a biofilm community
Authors: Mosier Annika C , Li Zhou , Thomas Brian C , Hettich Robert L , Pan Chongle , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Microbial communities that underpin global biogeochemical cycles will likely be influenced by elevated temperature associated with environmental change. Here, we test an approach to measure how elevated temperature impacts the physiology of individual microbial groups in a community context, using a model microbial-based ecosystem. The study is the first application of tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics to a microbial community. We accurately, precisely and reproducibly quantified thousands of proteins in biofilms growing at 40, 43 and 46 °C. Elevated temperature led to upregulation of proteins involved in amino-acid metabolism at the level of individual organisms and the entire community. Proteins from related organisms differed in their relative abundance and functional responses to temperature. Elevated temperature repressed carbon fixation proteins from two Leptospirillum genotypes, whereas carbon fixation proteins were significantly upregulated at higher temperature by a third member of this genus. Leptospirillum group III bacteria may have been subject to viral stress at elevated temperature, which could lead to greater carbon turnover in the microbial food web through the release of viral lysate. Overall, these findings highlight the utility of proteomics-enabled community-based physiology studies, and provide a methodological framework for possible extension to additional mixed culture and environmental sample analyses.
Next-generation sequencing identifies rare variants associated with Noonan syndrome
Authors: Chen Peng-Chieh , Yin Jiani , Yu Hui-Wen , Yuan Tao , Fernandez Minerva , Yung Christina K. , Trinh Quang M. , Peltekova Vanya D. , Reid Jeffrey G. , Tworog-Dube Erica , Morgan Margaret B. , Muzny Donna M. , Stein Lincoln , McPherson John D. , Roberts Amy E. , Gibbs Richard A. , Neel Benjamin G. , Kucherlapati Raju 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of several RASopathies, which are developmental disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding RAS-ERK pathway components. The cause of 20–30% of NS cases remains unknown, and distinguishing NS from other RASopathies and related disorders can be difficult. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify causative or candidate genes for 13 of 27 NS patients lacking known NS-associated mutations. Other patients harbor single variants in potential RAS-ERK pathway genes, suggesting rare private variants or other genetic mechanisms of NS pathogenesis. We also found mutations in causative genes for other developmental syndromes, which together with clinical reevaluation, prompted revision of the diagnosis. NGS can aid in the challenging diagnosis of young patients with developmental syndromes.
Temporal control over the initiation of cell motility by a regulator of G-protein signaling
Authors: Hartwig Johannes , Tarbashevich Katsiaryna , Seggewiß Jochen , Stehling Martin , Bandemer Jan , Grimaldi Cecilia , Paksa Azadeh , Groß-Thebing Theresa , Meyen Dana , Raz Erez 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Cell motility is critical for a wide range of processes in development, homeostasis, and immune response. Conversely, abnormal regulation of cell migration leads to pathological consequences like cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms controlling the timing of motility acquisition, using zebrafish primordial germ cells as an in vivo model. We defined a previously unknown role for the signaling scaffold molecule and regulator of Gα protein signaling Rgs14a in coordinating the onset of migration with the presence of migration guidance cues. Furthermore, we show that this control level involves the regulation of the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, a molecule implicated in motility acquisition in a range of normal physiological events and in disease conditions.
RNA-directed gene editing specifically eradicates latent and prevents new HIV-1 infection
Authors: Hu Wenhui , Kaminski Rafal , Yang Fan , Zhang Yonggang , Cosentino Laura , Li Fang , Luo Biao , Alvarez-Carbonell David , Garcia-Mesa Yoelvis , Karn Jonathan , Mo Xianming , Khalili Kamel 
Published: July 2014

Significance
For more than three decades since the discovery of HIV-1, AIDS remains a major public health problem affecting greater than 35.3 million people worldwide. Current antiretroviral therapy has failed to eradicate HIV-1, partly due to the persistence of viral reservoirs. RNA-guided HIV-1 genome cleavage by the Cas9 technology has shown promising efficacy in disrupting the HIV-1 genome in latently infected cells, suppressing viral gene expression and replication, and immunizing uninfected cells against HIV-1 infection. These properties may provide a viable path toward a permanent cure for AIDS, and provide a means to vaccinate against other pathogenic viruses. Given the ease and rapidity of Cas9/guide RNA development, personalized therapies for individual patients with HIV-1 variants can be developed instantly.
Regulatory effects of SKAR in interferon α signaling and its role in the generation of type I IFN responses
Authors: Kroczynska Barbara , Mehrotra Swarna , Majchrzak-Kita Beata , Arslan Ahmet Dirim , Altman Jessica K. , Stein Brady L. , McMahon Brandon , Kozlowski Piotr , Kahle Philipp J. , Eklund Elizabeth A. , Fish Eleanor N. , Platanias Leonidas C. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Type I interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with important biological effects, including antileukemic and antineoplastic properties. The biological responses of type I IFNs occur via up-transcriptional activation of specific genes, called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), ultimately resulting in generation of protein products that mediate their biological effects. In the present study, we provide evidence that the protein S6 kinase 1 Aly/REF-like target (SKAR) plays a critical role in IFN-dependent mRNA translation of ISGs and recruits activated p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase to the translational machinery. Our data provide evidence for critical and essential roles for SKAR in the generation of type I IFN-dependent antileukemic and antineoplastic responses, underscoring the importance of SKAR functions in IFN signaling.