bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pattern and Distribution of Deleterious Mutations in Maize
Authors: Mezmouk Sofiane , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMost nonsynonymous mutations are thought to be deleterious because of their effect on protein sequence and are expected to be removed or kept at low frequency by the action of natural selection. Nonetheless, the effect of positive selection on linked sites or drift in small or inbred populations may also impact the evolution of deleterious alleles. Despite their potential to affect complex trait phenotypes, deleterious alleles are difficult to study precisely because they are often at low frequency. Here, we made use of genome-wide genotyping data to characterize deleterious variants in a large panel of maize inbred lines. We show that, despite small effective population sizes and inbreeding, most putatively deleterious SNPs are indeed at low frequencies within individual genetic groups. We find that genes associated with a number of complex traits are enriched for deleterious variants. Together, these data are consistent with the dominance model of heterosis, in which complementation of numerous low-frequency, weak deleterious variants contribute to hybrid vigor.
Plasma Interactions with Biological Molecules in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Setsuhara Yuichi , Miyazaki Atsushi , Takenaka Kosuke , Hori Masaru 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPlasma interactions with L-alanine in aqueous solution have been examined as a basis of fundamental processes in plasma medicine. The plasma interactions with L-alanine in aqueous solution have been examined for investigations of chemical modifications induced by exposures with the atmospheric-pressure hollow-cathode He plasma to the surface of the aqueous solution, which contained L-alanine as a solute in pure water, via chemical bonding states analyses using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Measurement of hydrogen ion exponent (pH level) of pure water during the atmospheric plasma exposure showed that the pH level decreased to be acidic, but the water temperature did not change. The C 1s XPS spectrum from the L-alanine after the plasma exposure to the aqueous solution showed the decomposition of the -COOH group and the formation of -C=O group.
30,000 Years of Ground Surface Temperature and Heat Flux Changes in Karelia Reconstructed from Borehole Temperature Data
Authors: Demezhko Dmitry Yu. , Gornostaeva Anastasia A. , Tarkhanov Georgy V. , Esipko Oleg A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Analyses of temperature-depth profiles logged in deep boreholes (> 1 km) permit the reconstruction of ground surface temperature (GST) and surface heat flux (SHF) histories in the period of global climate change at the border of the Pleistocene and the Holocene. We reconstructed past GST and SHF histories using data obtained from the 3.5-km-deep Onega borehole (Karelia, north-west Russia). The resulting reconstructions include information on the basal thermal regime of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, which covered the region in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The surface temperature history reveals a high amplitude of Pleistocene/ Holocene warming equal to 18-20 K. The heat flux changes precede the surface temperature changes and are close to the variations of insolation at a latitude of 60°N. A comparison of the reconstructed GST and SHF histories with the records of carbon dioxide contents in Antarctic ice cores shows that CO2 changes are much closer to temperature changes than they are to heat flux changes.
Negotiating Professional News Judgment and “Clicks”
Authors: Karlsson Michael , Clerwall Christer 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Digital media allow for instant tracking of audience behaviour, thus enabling a potential negotiation between journalists’ traditional authority and professional news values, on the one hand, and the audience’s power in terms of ignoring or paying attention to the journalistic outcome, on the other. The present study investigates whether clicks change news values and have an impact on news routines in tabloid, broadsheet and public service newsrooms. The findings indicate that audience metrics bring a new dimension to the news evaluation process regardless of publishing tradition, but that the commercial media seem to keep a closer tab on traffic. In general, journalists strive for a “good mix” between customization to achieve audience satisfaction and a desire for editorial independence.
New crania from Seymour Island (Antarctica) shed light on anatomy of Eocene penguins
Authors: Acosta Hospitaleche Carolina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Antarctic skulls attributable to fossil penguins are rare. Three new penguin crania from Antarctica are here described providing an insight into their feeding function. One of the specimens studied is largely a natural endocast, slightly damaged, and lacking preserved osteological details. Two other specimens are the best preserved fossil penguin crania from Antarctica, enabling the study of characters not observed so far. All of them come from the uppermost Submeseta Allomember of the La Meseta Formation (Eocene-?Oligocene), Seymour (Marambio) Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The results of the comparative studies suggest that Paleogene penguins were long−skulled birds, with strong nuchal crests and deep temporal fossae. The configuration of the nuchal crests, the temporal fossae, and the parasphenoidal processes, appears to indicate the presence of powerful muscles. The nasal gland sulcus devoid of a supraorbital edge is typical of piscivorous species.
Variability of temperature and thickness of permafrost active layer at coastal sites of Svalbard
Authors: Dolnicki Piotr , Grabiec Mariusz , Puczko Dariusz , Gawor Łukasz , Budzik Tomasz , Klementowski Jan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present the variability of the thermal state and thickness of permafrost active layer at the raised marine beaches in Svalbard. The investigations were carried out using direct probing, thaw tube, ground temperature and radar soundings at Holocene strand plains 10-20 m a.s.l. in Fuglebergsletta (SW Spitsbergen) and at the shore of Kinnvika Bay (Nordaustlandet). Their results were compared to those obtained at other coastal sites in Svalbard. The ground temperature measurements were conducted in 2009 on August, recognized as the standard month for the maximum thawing during the last decade. The studied sites are typical for close to extreme active layer conditions on Svalbard. In Hornsund, the thawing depth exceeded 2 m, while in Kinnvika the active layer was thinner than 1 m. In Svalbard, the depth of thawing decreases generally from south to north and from the open sea coast to the central parts of islands. These differences are the consequence of diverse climatic conditions strongly determined by the radiation balance modified by a number of regional (e.g. ocean circulation) and local (e.g. duration of snow deposition) conditions.
Feeding Infants with Cow’S Milk and Soy Allergy: Social and Economic Aspects of Efficacy
Authors: Putniòa Irēna , Remberga Silvija , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrîda 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAllergy to cow’s milk protein and/or soy is common among allergic diseases in infants. They appear at an early infant stage and remain important in clinical practice from one up to three years. According to clinical research, cow’s milk allergy affects about 1.9-4.9% of babies and infants, respectively, and in addition some of them also suffer from soy protein allergy. Dietary prevention of allergic protein by its elimination in food is a significant part of treatment, and allows adequate development of babies and restricts the risk of progressive allergic diseases. Securing exclusive breastfeeding is one of the basic principles in successful therapy treatment. However, there are cases when breastfeeding does not prevent the development of cross milk protein allergy. Only adequate special feeding formulas can provide both energy needs and sufficient quantity of proteins (8.9-11.5%) in food when breastfeeding is not possible. Knowledge of effective compensation mechanisms become apparent by analysing the situation in Europe and USA in the area of different available feeding formulas using both the medical insurance system and randomised formula providing tolerance of the mixture at about 90-95%. The goal of research was to determine the correlation between the availability of a special mixture, parental adherence and treatment outcomes. Applying special formulas is a routine part of treatment, and there is no doubt about its efficacy. No compensation mechanisms exist in present-day Latvia, and the current complicated economic situation in Latvia reduces the ability of parents to choose and buy appropriate formula food. Therefore, a substantial part of therapy treatment is unavailable to infants. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children in Latvia needs special consideration also because of poor knowledge of parents regarding the real situation.
Monitoring of Eating Habits and Physical Activity Levels as a Basis for a new Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Programme in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Simovska-Jarevska Vera , Martinovski Sasko , Damjanovski Dragan , Pavlova Valentina , Nikolovska-Nedelkoska Daniela , Manceski Gjorgji 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Research evidence on health determinants has led to development of a national programme for noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention. Numerous studies have confirmed the role of nutrition and physical activity in preventing main NCDs: cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease. The aim of the study was to analyse and evaluate the results obtained from the new “cross-sectional” study in 2012 offer monitoring of eating habits and physical activity levels monitoring related to socioeconomic status of the participants in 2012. The study was conducted in five regions of the Republic of Macedonia and included 1600 respondents aged 10 to 64 years. Monitoring was conducted using self-designed questionnaire. Eating habits were surveyed using questionnaires to monitor the frequency of consumption of main food groups during a week. Leisure time physical activity was a priority measure in the study. Also, in the study a model was applied for strategic planning in NCD prevention, based on the results of the health behaviour survey. The model was analysed using a software package. The results indicate that NCDs prevention through improving physical activity levels and changes in eating habits should be focused on changes in food content including availability of whole grain bread, guidelines and policy on food labelling and health claims, marketing and city planning that facilitates an active life.
Early and Middle Holocene Paleoclimates in the South Western Desert of Egypt - The World Before Unification
Authors: Schild Romuald , Wendorf Fred 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In the field seasons of 1990 to 2008 the Combined Prehistoric Expedition conducted an extensive archaeological, archaeozoological, archaeobotanical and geomorphological field work at more than a hundred sites in the Nabta, Kiseiba, El Kortain, Gebal El Beid, Gebel Ramlah and Berget El Sheb Areas, South Western Desert of Egypt. The research has helped to develop a long chronological sequence of Late Glacial and Holocene climatic changes in the region. The climatic sequence has been supported by more than 300 14C and OSL assays that permitted to place most of the climatic events in a firm chronological frame
What Forced the Prehistoric Cattle-Keepers to Emigrate from the Red Sea Mountains?
Authors: Bobrowski Przemysław , Jórdeczka Maciej , Kobusiewicz Michał , Chłodnicki Marek , Jarosław Kusiak 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Today’s desert area of Red Sea Hills is now inhabited by a Beja-Bisharin tribe, the camel breeders. In prehistoric times, this area was inhabited or penetrated by pastoral communities engaged in cattle breeding. Their occupation is primarily marked by thousands of engravings with representations of long-horned cattle, which were discovered in a rock art gallery in Bir Nurayet, one of the largest rock art galleries in Africa and the whole world. We still do not know when the shepherds and their herds abandoned the area. This issue can be addressed by geoarchaeology and investigation of sediments discovered in Wadi Diib, i.e. silts. As we believe, they record climate and environmental changes taking place in recent millennia, which probably to a large extent determined the socio-cultural processes in the area.
Transportketten forstlicher Biomasse – Stand der Technik und Innovationen
Authors: Wolfsmayr Ulrich J. , Rauch Peter 
Published: December 2013

Primary forest fuel transport chains – state of the art and innovations
Transport modes available for primary forest fuel are truck, train and ship, while truck transport is predominant. Primary forest fuel requires an initial road transport in most of the cases. The comparison of different transport modes shows that distance-variable costs are highest for truck transport and lower for train and ship. However, because the very high transshipment costs must be compensated, long transport distances are required for train and ship to become more profitable than the road. The allocation of the comminution process determines the form of transported material and is, therefore, crucial for the whole supply system. According to that, transport chains are classified and explained from a practical point of view.
Die Ökobilanz der energetischen Holzverwertung: Faktoren für einen hohen ökologischen Nutzen
Authors: Steubing Bernhard 
Published: December 2013

Life cycle assessment of wood energy: factors for high ecological benefits
Wood energy is increasingly used to replace non-renewable energy sources. Energy wood is a limited resource and should therefore be used wisely not only to maximize the economic but also the environmental benefits associated with its use. This article assesses the environmental burdens associated with wood energy (for heat, electricity and transportation) and the benefits that may arise when non-renewable energy technologies are substituted. It is shown that from a global warming perspective the use of wood energy seems almost always beneficial, but this effect may be significantly reduced if biogenic CO2 is taken into account. The method of ecological scarcity on the other hand, which considers several additional environmental dimensions and combines these into a single score, shows significantly lower environmental benefits of wood in comparison with non- renewable energy. One of the principal reasons for this are air emissions associated with wood energy such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic carbon (VOC). Considerable environmental benefits can be achieved in both cases if the following three key factors are respected: 1) a wise choice of the substituted technology and the underlying energy carrier, 2) a high efficiency in the conversion from energy contained in biomass to final energy, and 3) the implementation of measures to reduce air emissions such as particle filters and, if possible, more advanced flue gas cleaning. The article then discusses the limits of the comparison and selected issues within the life cycle assessment methodology that need further development.
Evaluation of Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin Protein Isolate in Subjects with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Wilson Dale , Evans Malkanthi , Weaver Eric , Shaw Audrey L. , Klein Gerald L. 
Published: December 2013

Background There is increased interest in combining nutritional modalities with pharmacological therapies for managing patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Aim A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the impact of oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate (SBI) on gastrointestinal symptom scores and quality of life (QoL) in subjects with IBS-D. Methods Study subjects previously diagnosed with IBS-D according to ROME II criteria were recruited from London, Ontario, Canada and assigned to receive 5 g/day SBI, 10 g/day SBI, or placebo for 6 weeks. Daily symptom frequency and severity scores and a modified IBS-36 questionnaire assessed the impact of nutritional intervention. Laboratory assessments were performed at screening and end of treatment (EOT) to evaluate safety. Within-group comparisons of changes in number of days per week with symptoms and symptom severity were conducted on the per-protocol population of subjects using a t-test. Results Subjects who received SBI at 10 g/day (N = 15) had statistically significant within-group reductions in abdominal pain (p < 0.01), loose stools (p < 0.01), bloating (p < 0.05), flatulence (p < 0.01), urgency (p < 0.05) and any symptom (p < 0.01) at EOT vs. baseline. Subjects receiving 5 g/day of SBI (N = 15) realized statistically significant within-group reductions in days with flatulence (p < 0.035), incomplete evacuation (p < 0.05), and any symptom (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in QoL scores or in hematology or clinical chemistry among treatment groups. Conclusions This pilot study showed that nutritional therapy with either 10 g/day or 5 g/day of SBI in 30 patients was well tolerated and resulted in statistically significant within group improvements in both symptom days and in daily symptom scores in subjects with IBS-D. Additional studies are underway with larger numbers of subjects to validate these findings.
A TWELFTH-CENTURY OIL PRESS COMPLEX AT THE CRUSADER TOWN OF ARSUR (APOLLONIA-ARSUF) AND THE OLIVE OIL INDUSTRY IN THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM
Authors: Ayalon Etan , Tal Oren , Yehuda Elisabeth 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article documents an oil press discovered in the southern part of the Crusader town of Arsur (Area E), dating to the twelfth century CE. To date, no olive press from the Crusader period, excavated in systematic-scientific excavations, has been published in full. The article also discusses the olive oil industry in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem based on the available archaeological findings published thus far. It includes our current understanding of the development of olive oil production technology in the Holy Land and the role of the Crusader interlude as bridging the period between large-scaled and sophisticated Byzantine oil presses with those of late Ottoman (pre-modern) industry, which were smaller and simpler.
Argumentation as Rational Persuasion in Doctor-Patient Communication
Authors: Rubinelli Sara 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the value of argumentation as an instrument for rational persuasion in doctor-patient (and general health professional–patient) communication. Argumentation can be used to influence those beliefs that form the basis of an individual's attitudes and decision-making process. In the medical context, argumentation can be used to legitimize the points of view of the doctor and the patient; to correct, add to, or modify a patient's set of beliefs; and to enhance the patient's central processing of the information that is foundational to his or her decision making. Overall, argumentation as a method of rational persuasion is an important communication tool for establishing conditions that are conducive to a patient's autonomous decision making. In this article, the issue of argumentation as rational persuasion is set within the context of several key topics in the area of health communication, namely, autonomy, the ways that doctors and patients interact and share information, and the effectiveness of information dissemination through traditional and new channels. Also, the difficulties of using argumentation effectively in this field are discussed, and areas of interest for future argumentation theory–based studies focused on enhancing its quality are highlighted.
Platelets in cancer and thrombosis
Authors: Riedl J. , Pabinger I. , Ay C. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPlatelets are the smallest circulating blood cells and their major function is the maintenance of haemostasis. They do not have a nucleus, but instead a multitude of granules that contain molecules important for several physiological processes. These granules can be released after platelet activation and thereby platelets take part in haemostasis, wound repair or immunological processes. Furthermore, platelets are also involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cancer. Platelets can support various steps of cancer development and progression by promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, platelets contribute to the hypercoagulable state frequently observed in cancer patients, leading to an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In previous studies a high platelet count was repeatedly found to be associated with an elevated risk of VTE and a worse prognosis in patients with cancer.The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most important alterations of platelet physiology in cancer patients and how these alterations may influence cancer disease and contribute to cancer-associated VTE.
Le clergé canadien-français et le prêtre collecteur devant la culture populaire au xxe siècle : un renouveau religieux en faveur du peuple ?
Authors: Meunier E.-Martin 
Published: December 2013

La culture populaire a trop souvent été objet de suspicion, sinon de mépris de la part d’une portion du clergé canadien-français au xxe siècle. Vue fréquemment comme inutile, peu intéressante ou pire comme païenne, la culture populaire canadienne-française n’a pas fait l’objet d’une attention très soutenue de la part des membres du clergé. Comment expliquer cette posture particulière, sa récurrence et sa durée ? Y a-t-il des différences majeures entre les communautés religieuses et le clergé séculier, entre les communautés entre elles ? Quels sont les traits communs des membres du clergé qui, à l’opposé, ont cherché à se rapprocher du peuple et de sa culture (pensons aux pères Lelièvre, Desmarais, Ambroise, Legault, Lacroix) ? Cette communication tente de comprendre les sources diverses du rapport du clergé au peuple canadien-français et à ses expressions culturelles. Elle examine notamment la théologie dominante en lien avec les idées d’inculturation et d’acculturation qui, au xxe siècle, ont défini en partie la formation du clergé. Elle donne à voir les conceptions particulières (sociales, religieuses et rapport au temps) du clergé qui a plutôt cherché à se rapprocher de la société et de sa culture.