bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of patients treated for orbital cellulitis: An analysis of inpatient data
Authors: Marchiano Emily , Raikundalia Milap D. , Carniol Eric T. , Echanique Kristen A. , Kalyoussef Evelyne , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOrbital cellulitis represents a spectrum of diseases, some of which may progress to potentially serious complications. The authors used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to analyze the epidemiologic features of pediatric and adult patients admitted for the treatment of orbital cellulitis and to examine associations with surgical management.MethodsThe NIS was queried for patients admitted for treatment of orbital cellulitis from 2002 to 2010. Patient demographics, length of stay, hospital charges, and concomitant diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsThere were 14,149 cases of orbital cellulitis identified with 1,717 (12.1%) having undergone surgical management. Surgical patients were older (29.6 ± 23.4) and more commonly male (62.0%) (P = 0.004 and < 0.001, respectively). Patients who had surgical intervention had longer length of stay and higher hospital charges than nonsurgical patients (P < 0.001). Our study showed that the proportion of pediatric patients age 10 to 19 years (22.1%) undergoing surgery was four times that of patients < 5 years of age (5.1%) (P < 0.001). Patients with concomitant diagnoses of acute and chronic sinusitis, acute osteomyelitis, exophthalmos, diplopia, and conjunctival edema had significantly increased odds ratio of surgical intervention. Frontal sinusitis was the site most commonly associated with surgical intervention among sinusitis patients.ConclusionThis study describes the characteristics of pediatric and adult patients admitted for orbital cellulitis from a national perspective. Patients 10 to 19 years of age were most likely to undergo surgical management. Acute and chronic sinusitis, acute osteomyelitis, exophthalmos, diplopia, and conjunctival edema were concomitant diagnoses associated with significantly increased odds ratio of surgical intervention.Level of Evidence2C. Laryngoscope, 126:554–559, 2016
Laser applications for benign oral lesions
Authors: Frigerio Alice , Tan Oon T. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveDifferent subspecialists treat benign intraoral lesions using various approaches including surgical excision, medical therapy, sclerotherapy, and laser photocoagulation. The goal of this study was to establish whether lasers could effectively target and destroy oral lesions containing endogenous chromophores, while minimizing injury to unaffected adjacent tissues and critical structures.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study involved 26 cases of benign oral lesions, both vascular and pigmented, which were addressed by means of selective laser treatment. Pathologies were port‐wine stains, hereditary hemorragic teleangectasia, hemangiomas, venous and arteriovenous malformations, pyogenic granuloma, and hairy reconstructive flaps. Electronic medical records and photographic documentation were reviewed. Three blinded staff personnel not involved with patient care in this study evaluated photographs taken prior to the first and after the final laser treatments. Observers rated the percentage clearance of the lesions or the ablation of bleeding, and the assessed values were averaged for each patient.ResultsAn average of 30–95% lightening was observed in the intraoral port‐wine stains, 90% in the hemangiomas, 70% in arteriovenous malformations, 81% for venous malformations, 86% for venous lakes, and 100% for the pyogenic granuloma. Bleeding was ablated in all hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia lesions treated using the pulsed dye laser with or without the Alexandrite laser. Intraoral hair growing on the skin paddle of microvascular flaps was completely removed in one of the three cases treated using the Alexandrite laser. In the two remaining cases, some hair removal was achieved, but because the residual hairs were grey or white (absence of melanocytic chromophore), photocoagulation was less effective.ConclusionLasers are a safe and effective means to selectively destroy specific chromphores. Such specific targeting ensures complete destruction of pathological tissue, decreasing the possibility of relapse and/or recurrence. Selective laser treatment of benign intraoral lesions represents a niche application that fills a gap in the multidisciplinary management of several conditions such as oral vascular anomalies and hairy reconstructive flaps. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:643–650, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Diurethane Linkers on the Langmuir Layer Behavior of Oligo[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide]‐based Polyesterurethanes
Authors: Schöne Anne‐Christin , Richau Klaus , Kratz Karl , Schulz Burkhard , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: August 2015

Three oligo[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide] based polyesterurethanes (OLGA‐PUs) containing different diurethane linkers are investigated by the Langmuir monolayer technique and compared to poly[(rac‐lactide)‐co‐glycolide] (PLGA) to elucidate the influence of the diurethane junction units on hydrophilicity and packing motifs of these polymers at the air–water interface. The presence of diurethane linkers does not manifest itself in the Langmuir layer behavior both in compression and expansion experiments when monomolecular films of OLGA‐PUs are spread on the water surface. However, the linker retard the evolution of morphological structures at intermediate compression level under isobaric conditions (with a surface pressure greater than 11 mN m−1) compared to the PLGA, independent on the chemical structure of the diurethane moiety. The layer thicknesses of both OLGA‐PU and PLGA films decrease in the high compression state with decreasing surface pressure, as deduced from ellipsometric data. All films must be described with the effective medium approximation as water swollen layers.
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Advances in clinical trials for movement disorders
Authors: Kieburtz Karl , Olanow C. Warren 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn the past several years, there have been several innovations in the design of clinical trials assessing new therapies for patients with movement disorders. These include attempts to address difficulties in conducting clinical trials in treated patients in the advanced stages of their illness, demonstrating disease‐modifying effects or a reduction in the development of cumulative disability, and assessing the effects of interventions in patients in the premanifest state of their disease. In addition, there have been advances in clinical trial methodologies and changes in regulatory guidelines that permit the performance of more efficient studies, with a reduction in the cost and duration of the development period. These will be reviewed in the present article. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Synchronization in hub terminals with the circular arrangement problem
Authors: Boysen Nils , Emde Simon , Stephan Konrad , Weiß Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHub terminals are important entities in modern distribution networks and exist for any transportation device, that is, cross docks and parcel distribution centers for trucks, container ports for ships, railway yards for trains, and hub airports for aircraft. In any of these hubs, the mid‐term planning task of synchronizing the transshipment of goods and passengers when servicing the transportation devices has to be solved, for which many different solution approaches specifically tailored to the respective application exist. We, however, take a unified view on synchronization in hubs and aim at a general building block. As a point of origin, a basic vertex ordering problem, the circular arrangement problem (CAP), is identified. We explain the relation between the CAP and hub processes, develop suited algorithms for solving the CAP, and extend the basic CAP by multiple additions, for example, arrival times, limited storage space, and multiple service points, make the problem adaptable to a wide range of hub terminals. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 454–469, 2015
Primary care weight loss maintenance with behavioral nutrition: An observational study
Authors: Lenoir Loïc , Maillot Matthieu , Guilbot Angèle , Ritz Patrick 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of weight loss maintenance, defined as a 10% loss of initial weight maintained beyond 1 year, among patients with BMI > 25 kg/m2 who had been managed by primary care physicians practicing behavioral nutrition (moderately high‐protein diet, carbohydrate restriction, and behavioral therapy).MethodsRestrospective analysis of anthropometric characteristics, weight loss, and its determinants was conducted in 14,256 patients.Results26.7% of subjects met the success criterion (successful maintenance group; SM), 25.7% did not maintain their weight loss (unsuccessful maintenance group; UM), and 47.6% did not lose 10% of their initial weight (failure group; F). At inclusion, patients in the SM group had a greater BMI and fat mass percentage (40.5% in SM, 38.5% in UM, and 37.0% in F). These patients lost more weight (−14.1% vs. −4.59%) and fat mass (−24.7% vs. −8.21%) than patients in the UM group, and contribution of adiposity to their weight loss was 75.1%. Follow‐up of patients in the SM group was characterized by a greater frequency of consultations.ConclusionsManagement by primary care providers with behavioral nutrition facilitates weight loss maintenance in patients with overweight and obesity. The determinants of success are frequency of consultations, initial BMI, and initial weight loss.
Gender‐ and race‐specific metabolic score and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults: A structural equation modeling approach—United States, 1988‐2006
Authors: Mercado Carla I. , Yang Quanhe , Ford Earl S. , Gregg Edward , Valderrama Amy L. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveConsider all metabolic syndrome (MetS) components [systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and fasting glucose] and gender/race differential risk when assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.MethodsWe estimated a gender‐ and race‐specific continuous MetS score using structural equation modeling and tested its association with CVD mortality using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III linked with the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard regression tested the association adjusted for sociodemographic and behavior characteristics.ResultsFor men, continuous MetS components associated with CVD mortality were SBP (hazard ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval = 1.14‐1.96), DBP (1.48, 1.16‐1.90), and TG (1.15, 1.12‐1.16). In women, SBP (1.44, 1.27‐1.63) and DBP (1.24, 1.02‐1.51) were associated with CVD mortality. MetS score was not significantly associated with CVD mortality in men; but significant associations were found for all women (1.34, 1.06‐1.68), non‐Hispanic white women (1.29, 1.01‐1.64), non‐Hispanic black women (2.03, 1.12‐3.69), and Mexican‐American women (3.57, 2.21‐5.76). Goodness‐of‐fit and concordance were overall better for models with the MetS score than MetS (yes/no).ConclusionsWhen assessing CVD mortality risk, MetS score provided additional information than MetS (yes/no).
Meta‐analysis of the relationship between breaks in sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health
Authors: Chastin Sebastien F.M. , Egerton Thorlene , Leask C. , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThe concept of “breaks” in sedentary behavior has emerged as a potential modifier of detrimental effects on adiposity caused by sedentary behavior. The existing research investigating the relationship between breaks in sedentary behavior with adiposity and cardiometabolic health in adults was systematically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized by this study.MethodsObservational and experimental studies that examined the relationships between the frequency of interruptions of sedentary behavior and markers of adiposity and cardiometabolic health in adults were identified by a systematic search of the literature. A meta‐analysis was conducted by using the inverse variance method for experimental trials and a Bayesian posterior probability of existence of an association between breaks with adiposity and cardiometabolic markers for observational studies.Results: It was revealed by the pooled results from nine experimental studies that breaks in sedentary periods of at least light intensity may have a positive effect on glycemia but not on lipidemia for adults. It is unclear whether this effect is independent of total sitting time. However, the 10 identified observational studies showed an association with breaks, which was independent of total sedentary time, but only for obesity metrics.ConclusionsThe theory that interrupting bouts of sedentary behavior with light‐intensity activity might help control adiposity and postprandial glycemia was supported by the evidence. Further investigations with better methods of measuring sedentary behavior patterns and improved study designs are necessary to confirm this preliminary evidence.
Joint and column behaviour of slotted cold‐formed steel studs
Authors: Andreassen Michael Joachim , Jönsson Jeppe 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSlotted cold‐formed steel studs are used in loadbearing external plasterboard walls. The cold‐formed steel studs in these walls are supported by and joined to track sections at the top and the bottom. This paper describes the compression testing of the loadbearing studs in order to observe the behaviour of the studs and the track joints. The experiments included a joint design with a special web stiffener used in practice. The studs were C‐sections and the tracks were U‐sections. Eight different test series were performed. Each test series had different column lengths and thicknesses, both with and without web stiffeners, in order to establish the influence of these on the joint behaviour and loadbearing capacity of the slotted cold‐formed steel studs.
The new steel‐glass architecture of passenger service centres on expressways in Japan
Authors: Kido Ewa Maria , Cywin´ski Zbigniew 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNowadays, modern expressways worldwide are becoming very important arteries for the quick and safe transportation of people and goods. Service centres are located along these roads for the convenience of drivers and passengers. Those centres consist of buildings and other infrastructure elements and provide various services. Usually, buildings represent contemporary trends in architecture and structural engineering. Steel and glass are widely used. This is also the case in Japan but, simultaneously, adequate approaches are being made to respect the country’s own traditions as well. This paper is a continuation of the authors’ previous publications [1], [2], [3] devoted, respectively, to buildings, railway stations and air terminals.
Guiding Inquiry With Biography Breaks and the C3 Framework
Authors: Young Terrell A. , Miner Amy Baird 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore how teachers can use biography breaks to address the National Council of the Social Studies C3 inquiry framework and in the process meet requirements of the Common Core State Standards. We begin by illustrating and explaining biography breaks. Then we introduce the C3 framework and explain as well as demonstrate how reading picture‐book biographies can provide engaging contexts for the C3 inquiry process. A fifth grade classroom unit is taken through the entire process; then two shorter illustrations show how teachers of younger grades use biographies to incorporate the C3 inquiry framework with social studies content for their students.
Operator competence in fetoscopic laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome: validation of a procedure‐specific evaluation tool
Authors: Peeters S. H. P. , Akkermans J. , Bustraan J. , Middeldorp J. M. , Lopriore E. , Devlieger R. , Lewi L. , Deprest J. , Oepkes D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesFetoscopic laser surgery for twin–twin transfusion syndrome is a procedure for which no objective tools exist to assess technical skills. To ensure that future fetal surgeons reach competence prior to performing the procedure unsupervised, we developed a performance assessment tool. The aim of this study was to validate this assessment tool for reliability and construct validity.MethodsWe made use of a procedure‐specific evaluation instrument containing all essential steps of the fetoscopic laser procedure, which was previously created using Delphi methodology. Eleven experts and 13 novices from three fetal medicine centers performed the procedure on the same simulator. Two independent observers assessed each surgery using the instrument (maximum score: 52). Interobserver reliability was assessed using Spearman correlation. We compared the performance of novices and experts to assess construct validity.ResultsThe interobserver reliability was high (Rs = 0.974, P < 0.001). Checklist scores for experts and novices were significantly different; the median score for novices was 28/52 (54%), whereas that for experts was 47.5/52 (91%) (P < 0.001). The procedure time and fetoscopy time were significantly shorter (P < 0.001) for experts. Residual anastomoses were found in 1/11 (9%) procedures performed by experts and in 9/13 (69%) procedures performed by novices (P = 0.005). Multivariable analysis showed that the checklist score, independent of age and gender, predicted competence.ConclusionsThe procedure‐specific assessment tool for fetoscopic laser surgery shows good interobserver reliability and discriminates experts from novices. This instrument may therefore be a useful tool in the training curriculum for fetal surgeons. Further intervention studies with reassessment before and after training may increase the construct validity of the tool. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A review of plant‐flow interactions on salt marshes: the importance of vegetation structure and plant mechanical characteristics
Authors: Tempest James Alexander , Möller Iris , Spencer Tom 
Published: August 2015

Observations of plant‐flow interactions on salt marshes have revealed a highly complex process dominated by the tightly coupled effects of plant characteristics and hydrodynamic conditions. This paper highlights the importance of vegetation structures such as plant density and height, as well as their spatial variability and mechanical properties including flexibility, upon energy dissipation and flow modification. Many field, laboratory and modeling studies which attempt to predict flow dissipation or improve our understanding of plant‐flow interactions use simplified structural measures of salt marsh vegetation or artificial representations. These simplifications neglect important plant and canopy elements and are unlikely to be truly representative of their natural counterparts. Such approaches limit our understanding of plant‐flow interactions and potentially compromise the predictive accuracy and application of numerical flow models. It is important therefore that improved techniques to measure vegetation structure are adopted in order to better define the key relationships between measurable plant characteristics and drag‐relevant plant properties. WIREs Water 2015, 2:669–681. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1103This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Increased mitochondrial ATP production capacity in brain of healthy mice and a mouse model of isolated complex I deficiency after isoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Manjeri Ganesh R. , Rodenburg Richard J. , Blanchet Lionel , Roelofs Suzanne , Nijtmans Leo G. , Smeitink Jan A. , Driessen Jacques J. , Koopman Werner J. H. , Willems Peter H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe reported before that the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane is decreased in complex I‐deficient mice lacking the NDUFS4 subunit of the respiratory chain (RC) (1.55 and 0.81 % at postnatal (PN) 22–25 days and 1.68 and 0.65 % at PN 31–34 days for wildtype (WT) and CI‐deficient KO, respectively). A more severe respiratory depression was caused by 1.0 MAC isoflurane in KO mice (respiratory rate values of 86 and 45 at PN 22–25 days and 69 and 29 at PN 31–34 days for anesthetized WT and KO, respectively). Here, we address the idea that isoflurane anesthesia causes a much larger decrease in brain mitochondrial ATP production in KO mice thus explaining their increased sensitivity to this anesthetic. Brains from WT and KO mice of the above study were removed immediately after MAC determination at PN 31–34 days and a mitochondria‐enriched fraction was prepared. Aliquots were used for measurement of maximal ATP production in the presence of pyruvate, malate, ADP and creatine and, after freeze‐thawing, the maximal activity of the individual RC complexes in the presence of complex‐specific substrates. CI activity was dramatically decreased in KO, whereas ATP production was decreased by only 26 % (p < 0.05). The activities of CII, CIII, and CIV were the same for WT and KO. Isoflurane anesthesia decreased the activity of CI by 30 % (p < 0.001) in WT. In sharp contrast, it increased the activity of CII by 37 % (p < 0.001) and 50 % (p < 0.001) and that of CIII by 37 % (p < 0.001) and 40 % (p < 0.001) in WT and KO, respectively, whereas it tended to increase that of CIV in both WT and KO. Isoflurane anesthesia increased ATP production by 52 and 69 % in WT (p < 0.05) and KO (p < 0.01), respectively. Together these findings indicate that isoflurane anesthesia interferes positively rather than negatively with the ability of CI‐deficient mice brain mitochondria to convert their main substrate pyruvate into ATP.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Pediatric Arteriovenous Malformations: A Canadian Experience
Authors: Zeiler Fred A. , Janik Maciej K. , McDonald Patrick J. , Kaufmann Anthony M. , Fewer Derek , Butler Jim , Schroeder Garry , West Michael 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery for pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain presents a non-invasive treatment option. We report our institutional experience with GK for pediatric AVMs.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric patients treated with GK for cerebral AVMs at our institution from November 2003 up to and including September 2014. Patient demographics, AVM characteristics, treatment parameters and AVM responses were recorded.Results:Nineteen patients were treated, with 4 lost to follow-up. The mean age was 14.2 years (range. 7-18 years), with 10 being males (52.6%). The mean AVM diameter and volume were 2.68 cm and 3.10 cm3respectively. The mean Spetzler-Martin (SM) and Pollock grades of the treated AVMs were 2.4 and 0.99 respectively. The mean follow-up was 62 months. All AVMs treated demonstrated a response on follow-up imaging. Nine of 15 (60.0%) patients displayed obliteration of their AVMs. Nine of 11 patients with a minimum of 3 years follow-up (81.8%) displayed obliteration, with SM and Pollock grades correlating to the chance of obliteration in this group. Two patients developed post-GK edema requiring short course dexamethasone therapy. No other major complications occurred. No permanent complications occurred.Conclusions:GK radiosurgery for pediatric AVMs offers a safe and effective treatment option, with low permanent complication rates during early follow-up.