bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lässt sich der SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsstatus bei Kindern über
pandemiebezogene Einstellungen und Sorgen ihrer Eltern vorhersagen? Daten der
Würzburger Kindertagesstätten-Studien (Wü-KiTa-CoV, 2020–2022)
Authors: Jans Thomas , Krauthausen Maike , Bauer Carsten , Forster Johannes , Engels Geraldine , Pietsch Franziska , Wallstabe Julia , Rücker Victoria , Wendel Julia , Weissbrich Benedikt , Heuschmann Peter , Härtel Christoph , Dölken Lars , Kurzai Oliver , Gágyor Ildikó , Liese Johannes G. , Romanos Marcel , Streng Andrea 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Würzburger KiTa-CoV-Studienserie wurden pandemiebezogene
Einstellungen/Sorgen der Eltern von in Tagesstätten betreuten Vorschulkindern
über einen 21-monatigen Zeitraum erhoben. Wir erwarteten Zusammenhänge zwischen
diesen elterlichen Einstellungen/Sorgen und deren Veränderung im Pandemieverlauf
einerseits und dem SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsstatus der Kinder andererseits. Eltern
von Kindern aus 9 KiTas, die im Oktober 2020, Juli 2021 und Juli 2022 an einer
Befragung zu ihren pandemiebezogenen Einstellungen/Sorgen teilgenommen hatten,
wurden in die Analyse eingeschlossen. Im Juli 2022 wurde der SARS-CoV-2
Infektionsstatus der Kinder mittels Messung von Nukleokapsid-Protein-Antikörpern
(N-AK) bestimmt und bei N-AK-negativen, ungeimpften Kindern zusätzlich das
Messergebnis von Spike-Protein-Antikörpern (S-AK) berücksichtigt. Veränderungen
der elterlichen Einstellungen/Sorgen wurden über Trendtests analysiert, deren
Bedeutung zur Prädiktion des Infektionsstatus des Kindes über multiple binomiale
Regressionsanalysen. Angaben lagen zu Eltern von 159 Kindern (Altersdurchschnitt
3,2 Jahre) vor. Insgesamt zeigten die Eltern eine über den Untersuchungszeitraum
zunehmend gelassene Einstellung gegenüber dem Pandemiegeschehen; die Sorgen der
Eltern bezüglich einer möglichen eigenen Infektion nahmen jedoch zu. Über die
initialen Einstellungen/Sorgen der Eltern konnte der Infektionsstatus der Kinder
nicht vorhergesagt werden. Die Untergruppe der Eltern mit einem nicht
infizierten Kind wies aber im Verlauf der Pandemie ein tendenziell höheres
Sorgenniveau auf als Eltern mit einem infizierten Kind und zeigte nicht wie
diese eine zunehmende Gelassenheit gegenüber dem Pandemiegeschehen. Eine
zunehmende Gelassenheit der Eltern ist nachvollziehbar vor dem Hintergrund der
im Zeitverlauf verminderten Virulenz der vorherrschenden Virusvarianten, der
zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit von Teststrategien und Impfungen sowie der Rücknahme
pandemiebezogener Einschränkungen. Zusätzlich dürften die zumeist milden
Infektionen der Kinder zum Sicherheitsempfinden beigetragen haben. Die im
scheinbaren Widerspruch dazu ansteigenden Sorgen der Eltern vor einer eigenen
Infektion könnten mit der starken Zunahme der Inzidenz in der Bevölkerung ab
Januar 2022 aufgrund der hochansteckenden Omikron-Variante in Zusammenhang
stehen. Möglicherweise hatte das höhere Sorgenniveau der Eltern nicht
infizierter Kinder verhaltensbezogen einen protektiven Effekt.
Imaging Features of Female Genital Tuberculosis and its Mimics
Authors: Gulati Shrea , Manchanda Smita , Aggarwal Ankita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuberculosis involving the female genital tract causes significant morbidity in women in the reproductive age group, where it is often associated with infertility. The fallopian tube is the most common part to be affected by the disease. Since female genital tuberculosis is a paucibacillary disease, organisms are often not detected. Therefore, multimodality imaging features play an important role in the diagnosis. A gamut of radiological investigations including hysterosalpingogram, ultrasound, and cross-sectional modalities like computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are available in the evaluation of disease. The key imaging differentials vary depending upon the part of the genital tract affected. This review will discuss the imaging appearances of tuberculosis of the female genital tract on various imaging modalities and their differential diagnosis.
‘It’s a group-on-one’: social disconnection as a tool of and defence against child criminal exploitation in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Sheehan Katie , Walsh Colm , Cusack Alan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite increasing evidence on the exploitation of young people into criminal activity, their perspectives on and experiences of exploitative processes are not well understood. Despite progress in Great Britain with regard to ‘County Lines’ exploitation, and in the Republic of Ireland regarding youth criminality and grooming, the subjective accounts of how young people understand the phenomenon of child criminal exploitation (CCE) remain under-evaluated. This exploratory study captures the perspectives of Irish youth on CCE and draws on the theory of social capital to explore the social structures that enable CCE and the (limited) choices available to the young people.
Reactions of 2-chloropropionyl chloride on Cu(100): C–Cl bond cleavage and formation of methylketene and its dimer
Authors: You Zheng-Jie , Lin Tsai-Jen , Lin Ming-Wei , Li Hsien-Chin , Cheng Mu-Jeng , Lin Jong-Liang 
Published: August 2024

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction/desorption have been employed to investigate the reaction of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl on Cu (100), with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, CH3–CH=C=O (methylketene) is found to be the product from the dechlorination of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl on Cu(100) at 120 K. The CH3–CH=C=O generated on the surface would dimerize to form 2,4-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-dione below 180 K. In agreement with the experimental findings, our DFT molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the dechlorination of CH3–CHCl–C(=O)Cl, resulting in CH3–CH=C=O and two Cl atoms, occurs readily, completing within 0.6 ps at 300 K. The simulations also indicate that the cleavage of the CH–Cl bond precedes that of the C(=O)–Cl bond. The static DFT calculations suggest that the dimerization of CH3–CH=C=O primarily occurs through the coupling of two C=C bonds, which has a lower barrier of 38.08 kJ mol−1 compared to the 69.05 kJ mol−1 barrier for C=C + C=O coupling.
Binding energies of CD4 and fragment species to Pt(111): Implications for measurements of anion electron stimulated desorption
Authors: Omar Norhan , Cloutier Pierre , Ramseyer Christophe , Bass Andrew , Sanche Léon , Fromm Michel 
Published: August 2024

We consider the electron stimulated desorption, via dissociative electron attachment, of anionic species from thin condensed CD4 films deposited on a Pt substrate and compare experimentally observed desorption yields with density functional theory calculations of the binding energies of various anionic and neutral moieties to Pt(111). Certain species (which can be considered chemisorbed) exhibit very high binding energies and large charge transfer with the substrate. Other “physisorbed” species have much lower binding energies. Species that chemisorb have lower desorption yields than those that physisorb, especially at 1–2 monolayer coverage of the Pt substrate. The binding energy of D− to Pt is the weakest, and experimentally, the desorption yield is the highest regardless of the thickness of CD4. The calculations show that the formation and desorption of anionic species at a distance of 16 Å from the substrate, which is equivalent to the thickness of CD4 films of four monolayers, are not influenced by the short-range interactions between the substrate and the molecule and DEA products.
Establishing the Basis for Rabies Control in Liberia
Authors: Voupawoe Garmie , Varkpeh Roland , Mauti Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2017, the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute established a partnership with the Liberian Ministry of Agriculture on a rabies project entitled “Multicentre and multinational assessment of the burden of rabies and vaccination impact in West and Central Africa.” In Liberia, the project aimed to establish animal rabies diagnostics and foster collaboration between all stakeholders involved in rabies control. This case study highlights the opportunities and challenges of collaborating with sectors to control dog rabies. Before our intervention, sharing of information between sectors was difficult, and rabies was not confirmed in the animal population. For instance, data on animal bite cases were well-documented in the public health sector, but the numbers did not align with the data in the animal health sector. Through the project, we implemented the first animal rabies diagnostics in post-war Liberia at the Central Veterinary Laboratory. Subsequently, we utilized the One Health Platform of Liberia to improve direct communication between the public health and veterinary authorities, healthcare providers, and other rabies stakeholders. Despite numerous challenges, such as limited research and government investment in controlling the disease, this approach improved cross-information sharing and led to diagnosing the first rabies strain in post-war Liberia, thereby identifying the country as rabies-endemic. From 2019 to 2021, only 11,820 domestic animals were vaccinated, compared to an estimated nationwide population of approximately 600,000 dogs. Additionally, we strengthened the animal surveillance system at the Ministry of Agriculture, and conducted a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices study (subnational dog census in two highly affected counties) and a nationwide collection of suspected rabies samples for genome-based phylogenetic analysis of the rabies virus (Africa 2 lineage subgroup H) circulating in domestic dogs in Liberia. Our findings were summarized in a policy brief for governmental authorities aimed at eradicating dog rabies in Liberia.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Experimental investigation of electrostatic spinning of polylactic acid porous nanofibers
Authors: Wang Tao , Shang Xue , Wang Hu , Wang Jilai , Zhang Chengpeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Porous nanofibers are widely used in the fields of water treatment, sensors, energy storage and biomedicine. In this paper, environmentally friendly polylactic acid material was used to achieve controlled fabrication of porous nanofibers using electrostatic spinning technology. Taking fiber diameter and fiber aperture as evaluation indexes, the effects of process parameters on the formation of porous nanofiber were investigated respectively through single-factor experiments, including solution concentration, solvent ratio and feed rate. The results showed that the solution concentration and feed rate were the most important parameters affecting fiber diameter, and the solvent ratio was the most important parameter affecting fiber aperture. The coupling effect of these three parameters was analyzed using response surface experiments and controlled fabrication of porous nanofibers was achieved with diameters ranging from 1.470 to 3.298 μm and apertures ranging from 0.062 to 0.22 μm.
Peculiar spin glass phase emerging in FeCo/FePt driven via nanoconfined crystallographic distortions
Authors: Vashisht Garima , Gandhi Ashish C , Kumar Vishnu , Mathew Arun Jacob , Dong Chung-Li , Chen Chi-Liang , Asokan K , Wu Sheng Yun , Fukuma Y , Annapoorni S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore the existence of spin glass phase in FeCo/FePt bilayers arising due to disordered ferromagnet. The non-ergodic and highly degenerate landscape of the spin glass phase at low temperature explains the origin of complex magnetic texture in the FeCo/FePt system. Upon cooling the bilayered system, the magnetic texture undergoes spin freezing below 120 K as evident from the bifurcations in zero field cooling and field cooling magnetizations at low magnetic field as a manifestation of broken ergodicity. The uncompensated magnetic moments originating in the spin glass state result in slow time dynamics of thermoremanent magnetization. Consequently, the bilayers demonstrate an intriguing magnetic memory effect in which the magnetic state of the system could be retrieved upon isothermal ageing below 120 K after reversing the temperature cycle. Thermal treatment deteriorates the spin glass behaviour and shows a transition to strong ferromagnetic character in FeCo/FePt bilayers.
A model for the precipitate transformation of Mg–Si-rich clusters into Mg5Si6 β″ in Al–Mg–Si aluminum alloys
Authors: Shan Y V , Redermeier A , Kahlenberg R , Kozeschnik E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A model is developed that describes the kinetics of precipitate transformations in the course of natural and artificial aging of Al alloys containing Mg and Si additions. In our approach, the disordered Mg–Si-rich clusters, which form during natural aging in the highly supersaturated Al matrix, can directly transform into the monoclinic Mg5Si6 (β″), without prior dissolution of the clusters and independent nucleation of β″ in the Al matrix. The transformation rate is evaluated with classical nucleation theory (CNT), assuming that the clusters represent an infinitely large matrix phase in which the β″ precipitates can nucleate. The adapted CNT model is described, and the basic features of the precipitate transformation are discussed in a parameter study. The model can also account for the observation that, during natural aging, the parent clusters occur in a variety of Mg to Si ratios, all of which have a characteristic probability of either transforming into the β″ phase or dissolving.
A strategy to fabricate nanostructures with sub-nanometer line edge roughness
Authors: Zhuang Xin , Deng Yunsheng , Zhang Yue , Wang Kaimin , Chen Yulong , Gao Shiyang , Xu Jingfu , Wang Liqiu , Cheng Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Line edge roughness (LER) has been an important issue in the nanofabrication research, especially in integrated circuits. Despite numerous research studies has made efforts on achieving smaller LER value, a strategy to achieve sub-nanometer level LER still remains challenging due to inability to deposit energy with a profile of sub-nanometer LER. In this work, we introduce a strategy to fabricate structures with sub-nanometer LER, specifically, we use scanning helium ion beam to expose hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist on thin SiNx membrane (∼20 nm) and present the 0.16 nm spatial imaging resolution based on this suspended membrane geometric construction, which is characterized by scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The suspended membrane serves as an energy filter of helium ion beam and due to the elimination of backscattering induced secondary electrons, we can systematically study the factors that influences the LER of the fabricated nanostructures. Furthermore, we explore the parameters including step size, designed exposure linewidth (DEL), delivered dosage and resist thickness and choosing the high contrast developer, the process window allows to fabricate lines with 0.2 nm LER is determined. AFM measurement and simulation work further reveal that at specific beam step size and DEL, the nanostructures with minimum LER can only be fabricated at specific resist thickness and dosage.
Patterning damage mechanisms for two-dimensional crystalline polymers and evaluation for a conjugated imine-based polymer
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Liu Xiaohui , Li Wei , Clausner André , Conzendorf Sylvia , Liu Jinxin , Posseckardt Juliane , Jost Birgit , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang , Liao Zhongquan , Zschech Ehrenfried 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-quality patterning determines the properties of patterned emerging two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers and is essential for potential applications in future electronic nanodevices. However, the most suitable patterning method for 2D polymers has yet to be determined because we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of their damage mechanisms by visualizing the structural modification that occurs during the patterning process. Here, the damage mechanisms during patterning of 2D polymers, induced by various patterning methods, are unveiled based on a systematic study of structural damage and edge morphology in an imine-based 2D polymer (polyimine). Patterning using a focused electron beam, focused ion beam (FIB) and mechanical carving is evaluated. The focused electron beam successively introduces a sputtering effect, knock-on displacement damage and massive radiolysis with increasing electron dose from

9.46
×

10

7

electrons

nm

−
2

to

1.14
×

10

10

electrons

nm

−
2

. Successful patterning is enabled by knock-on damage but impeded by carbon contamination beyond a critical sample thickness. A FIB creates current-dependent edge morphologies and extensive damage from ion implantation caused by the tail of the unfocused beam. A precisely controlled tip can tear the polyimine film through grain boundaries and hence create a patterning edge with suitable edge roughness for certain application scenarios when beam damage is avoided. Taking structural damage and the resulting quantitative edge roughness into consideration, this study provides a detailed instruction on the proper patterning techniques for 2D crystalline polymers and paves the way for tailored intrinsic properties and device fabrication using these novel materials.
Advanced physics transposition (APT): a new name for a not-so-new field of research
Authors: Pinochet Jorge 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research into educational physics is a field of study that has undergone sustained growth in recent decades. Among the topics addressed in educational physics, there is a relatively new field of research that seeks to make advanced physics accessible to teachers in this area, that is, physics that, due to its novelty and complexity, is beyond the reach of a typical high school teacher. For the reasons discussed in this paper, the name ‘advanced physics transposition’ or APT is suggested for this field of research. The objective of this work is to make a first attempt to systematise this field, to draw attention to the place it occupies, and–no less important–to give it a name that represents the objectives, methods and results that characterise it.
Timing offset calibration for TOF PET using stationary line source scans at multiple positions
Authors: Li Ang , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Xiaoyun , Fang Lei , Hu Junpeng , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Bo , Xie Qingguo , Li Fei , Xiao Peng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background. Accurate timing offset calibration is crucial for time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) to mitigate image artifacts and improve quantitative accuracy. However, existing methods are often time-consuming, complex, or costly. Objective. This paper presents a method for TOF PET timing offset calibration that eliminates the need for costly equipment, phantoms, short-half-life sources, and precise source positioning. Approach. We estimate channel timing offsets using stationary scans of a 68Ge line source, typically used for routine quality control, at a minimum of three non-coplanar positions, with each position scanned for two minutes. The line source positions are accurately determined by applying a simple algorithm to their reconstructed images, allowing precise calculation of arrival time differences. Channel timing offsets are estimated by solving a least squares problem. This method is assessed through analyses of phantoms and patient images using a RAYSOLUTION DigitMI 930 scanner. Main results. The estimated timing offsets ranged from –500 ps to 500 ps across all channels. Calibration with a minimum of three scanned positions was sufficient to correct these offsets, achieving less than a 1% discrepancy across various metrics of the image quality (IQ) phantom compared to 12 positions. This calibration significantly reduced edge artifacts in TOF reconstruction of both phantoms and patients. Furthermore, the IQ phantom displayed a 14% increase in average contrast recovery, a 61% reduction in average background variability across all spheres, and a 90% reduction in average residual error. Consistent with the phantom results, patient data revealed enhancements in maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) from 14% to 55% for lesions measuring 6 mm to 14 mm. The calibration also improved lesion-to-background contrast and eliminated artifacts caused by the spillover effect of the kidneys and bladder. Significance. The proposed method is fast, user-friendly, and cost-effective, effectively improving lesion detection and diagnostic accuracy.
Polarization Study of Swift J151857.0–572147 with IXPE Observation
Authors: Ling Yu-Shan , Xie Fei , Ge Ming-Yu , La Monaca Fabio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation from a newly discovered transient source: Swift J151857.0–572147. The obtained polarization degree (PD) and angle are 0.3% ± 0.3% and −24° ± 26° respectively in 2–8 keV within 68% confidence level errors, and polarization results are below MDP99 in all energy bins, with the upper limit on PD of 0.8% in the 2–8 keV energy range. No quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are detected in this observation. The polarization and QPO analyses support the hypothesis that the source was in the high soft state, and the results are consistent with predictions for a thin accretion disk model.
Negative triangularity scenarios: from TCV and AUG experiments to DTT predictions
Authors: Mariani A. , Aucone L. , Balestri A. , Mantica P. , Merlo G. , Ambrosino R. , Bagnato F. , Balbinot L. , Ball J. , Bolzonella T. , Brioschi D. , Casiraghi I. , Castaldo A. , Coda S. , Frassinetti L. , Fusco V. , Happel T. , Hobirk J. , Innocente P. , McDermott R.M. , Muscente P. , Pütterich T. , Sauter O. , Sciortino F. , Vallar M. , Vanovac B. , Vianello N. , Vlad G. , Zimmermann C.F.B. ,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation team,   the TCV Team,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Experiments, gyrokinetic simulations and transport predictions were performed to investigate if a negative triangularity (NT) L-mode option for the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) full-power scenario would perform similarly to the positive triangularity (PT) H-mode reference scenario, avoiding the harmful edge localized modes (ELMs). The simulations show that a beneficial effect of NT coming from the edge/scrape-off layer (SOL) region

ρ

tor

>
0.9

is needed to allow the actual NT L-mode option to perform like the PT H-mode. Dedicated experiments at TCV and AUG, with DTT-like shapes, show an optimistic picture. In TCV, experiments indicate that even with the relatively small triangularity of the DTT NT scenario, a large beneficial effect of NT comes from the plasma edge and SOL, allowing NT L-modes to outperform PT L-modes with the same power input, reaching the same central pressures as PT H-modes with twice as much applied heating power. For AUG, NT plasmas go into H-mode more easily than for TCV, but always present much smaller pedestals compared with PT plasmas with the same input power, showing a much weaker or absent ELM activity. However, NT has a smaller beneficial effect for AUG than for TCV, with NT pulses outperforming PT pulses with the same input power only for an ECRH-only case with relatively low input power. For the considered AUG cases, PT pulses perform better than NT ones at higher ECRH power or with mixed NBI and ECRH power. Based on this analysis, the NT option is a viable alternative for the DTT full power scenario, providing high performance plasmas with reduced or absent ELMs.