bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of three banned psychiatric drugs in pig feed and tissue using solid‐phase reactor on‐line oxidizing and HPLC‐fluorescence detection
Authors: Qi Liang , Duan Li‐Min , Sun Xiao‐Huan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhi‐Qi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe banned addition of psychiatric drugs such as phenothiazines to animal feed and foodstuffs increases the risk of human organ lesion. Phenothiazines usually exhibit weak native fluorescence and can be oxidized to strongly fluorescent compounds. In this study, a novel, sensitive and convenient method of HPLC‐fluorescence detection based on post‐column on‐line oxidizing with lead dioxide solid‐phase reactor has been developed for simultaneous determination of three banned psychotropic drugs, promethazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. Three compounds were successfully separated on an Agilent TC‐C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and water (B), both containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. A gradient elution was programmed and fluorimetric detection was performed at λex/λem of 332/373 nm for promethazine, 340/380 nm for chlorpromazine and 352/432 nm for thioridazine. The calibration graphs gave good linearity over the concentration ranges of 30.0–4976.4 µg/L for promethazine, 2.0–2153.2 µg/L for chlorpromazine, and 15.0–3088.0 µg/L for thioridazine, and correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.995. The method was applied to the determination of phenothiazines in pig feed and pig tissue, and the average spiked recoveries were in the range 69.1–115.4%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of women in a prison mental health assessment unit in England and Wales (2008–2010)
Authors: Hales Heidi , Somers Nadia , Reeves Chrissy , Bartlett Annie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe high prevalence of mental disorders among women in prison is recognised worldwide. In England and Wales, successive governments and independent reports have argued that the equivalent of community care in prisons is acceptable but that some mental health assessment units (MHAUs), staffed by professional clinicians, should remain. These have not been researched.AimsThis paper aimed to explore patterns of use of a MHAU in a women's prison in England and to test the hypothesis that it was being used only, as intended – to hold women pending transfer to a health service hospital or in a bona fide crisis.MethodsAnonymised data on all women transferred to one MHAU between 1 January 2008 and 31 August 2010 were obtained from the prison files and subjected to descriptive analysis.ResultsLess than a third of these women were transferred to an outside hospital; this group stayed longest in the unit. An overlapping group of 52% of the women was under a special assessment, care in custody and teamwork protocol because of suicide or serious self‐harm risk. Thus, 188 (68%) admissions fulfilled national protocol criteria for MHAU admissions. Two in five women admitted were released or returned to ordinary prison locations. Nevertheless, over 80% of the women were known to external mental health services, and 64 (30%) were so unwell on arrival in prison that they were transferred directly to the MHAU. Over a third of admissions were of women admitted more than once during the 32 months of study, and this was significantly more likely after release from prison directly to the community.ConclusionsOur hypothesis was not sustained, and it seems unlikely that this prison MHAU is unique in being used outside its strict remit. A shift from studying the epidemiology of mental disorder in prisons to the epidemiology of mental health needs could benefit this vulnerable group and the wider community alike. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Metal Particle Size on Oxidative CO2 Reforming of Methane over Supported Nickel Catalysts: Effects of Second‐Metal Addition
Authors: Bhavani Annabathini Geetha , Kim Won Young , Lee Jin Woo , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOxidative CO2 reforming of methane is studied over Ni/AlCeZrOx catalyst with addition of a second metal element (Mg, Co, La, Mn, or Fe) aiming to improve the performance of the catalyst and increase their resistance to coking. Addition of Mg produces the best catalyst showing high CH4 and CO2 conversions as well as high selectivities to synthesis gas with no severe coke deposition. Addition of Co, La, and Mn also exhibits significant improvement, whereas Fe brings only a moderate improvement. The high activity is accompanied by high stability and low amount of deposited coke. The high activity and stability are attributed mainly to nanosized metallic particles, which accompany high amounts of available surface oxygen, and high basicity of the surface. The basicity of the catalyst promotes adsorption and dissociation of CO2, and surface oxygen can oxidize surface carbon intermediates to regenerate active metal sites before they turn to coke to sustain catalytic cycle.
Facile Synthesis of Crystalline Polymeric Carbon Nitrides with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light
Authors: Liang Qinghua , Huang Zheng‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPoly(triazine imides) intercalated with Li+ and X− (PTI/X, X=Cl or Br), which are described widely as crystalline polymeric carbon nitrides, were synthesized in a facile manner by heating a mixture of melamine and LiX. This method has the advantages of low cost, scalable production, and high efficiency. Importantly, both PTI/Cl and PTI/Br exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to conventional graphitic polymeric carbon nitride in the degradation of rhodamine B under visible‐light irradiation because of their higher visible‐light‐harvesting ability and charge carrier separation efficiency.
Highly Efficient Chirality Transfer from Diamines Encapsulated within a Self‐Assembled Calixarene–Salen Host
Authors: Martínez‐Rodríguez Luis , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA calix[4]arene host equipped with two bis‐[Zn(salphen)] complexes self‐assembles into a capsular complex in the presence of a chiral diamine guest with an unexpected 2:1 ratio between the host and the guest. Effective chirality transfer from the diamine to the calix–salen hybrid host is observed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and a high stability constant K2,1 of 1.59×1011 M−2 for the assembled host–guest ensemble has been determined with a substantial cooperativity factor α of 6.4. Density functional calculations are used to investigate the origin of the stability of the host–guest system and the experimental CD spectrum compared with those calculated for both possible diastereoisomers showing that the M,M isomer is the one that is preferentially formed. The current system holds promise for the chirality determination of diamines, as evidenced by the investigated substrate scope and the linear relationship between the ee of the diamine and the amplitude of the observed Cotton effects.
Ln0.5A0.5MnO3 (Ln=Lanthanide, A= Ca, Sr) Perovskites Exhibiting Remarkable Performance in the Thermochemical Generation of CO and H2 from CO2 and H2O
Authors: Dey Sunita , Naidu B. S. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPerovskite oxides of the Ln0.5A0.5MnO3 (Ln=lanthanide, A=Sr, Ca) family have been investigated for the thermochemical splitting of H2O and CO2 to produce H2 and CO respectively. The amounts of O2 and CO produced strongly depend on the size of the rare earth ions and alkaline earth ions. The manganite with the smallest rare earth possessing the highest distortion and size disorder as well as the smallest tolerance factor, gives out the maximum amount of O2, and, hence, the maximum amount of CO. Thus, the best results are found with Y0.5Sr0.5MnO3, which possesses the highest distortion and size disorder. Y0.5Sr0.5MnO3 shows remarkable fuel production activity even at the reduction and oxidation temperatures as low as 1200 °C and 900 °C, respectively.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of N‐Chloroamines with Boronic Acids
Authors: Li Wanfang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAryl (pseudo)halide‐based (CX) carbonylation reactions have been extensively studied during the past few decades. From both academic and synthetic points of view, the carbonylative transformation of NX bonds represents an interesting and attractive area of investigation. In light of this, the first carbonylative cross‐coupling between N‐chloroamines and organoboronic acids has been developed. This new type of aminocarbonylation proceeds at mild temperatures (45–55 °C) with 2 mol % Pd/C (10 wt %) as the ligand‐free catalyst. Not only arylboronic acids, but also alkenyl‐ and alkylboronic acids can be applied as the substrates and bromide and iodide substituents in the substrates are well tolerated. Initial mechanistic investigations have also been performed.
Benzo[b]tryptanthrin Inhibits MDR1, Topoisomerase Activity, and Reverses Adriamycin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Jun Kyu‐Yeon , Park So‐Eun , Liang Jing Lu , Jahng Yurngdong , Kwon Youngjoo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTryptanthrin is an indoloquinazoline alkaloid isolated from indigo. Tryptanthrin and its benzo‐annulated derivative, benzo[b]tryptanthrin, inhibit both topoisomerases I (topo I) and II (topo II) and cause cytotoxicity in several human cancer cell lines. From diverse assessment methods, including cleavage complex stabilization, comet, DNA unwinding/intercalation, topo II ATPase inhibition, ATP competition for topo II, and wound‐healing assays, we determined that the mode of action of benzo[b]tryptanthrin is as a DNA non‐intercalative and ATP‐competitive topo I and II dual catalytic inhibitor. Benzo[b]tryptanthrin induced apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase‐3 and PARP in HCT15 colon cancer cells. Additionally, benzo[b]tryptanthrin reversed adriamycin resistance by down‐regulation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) in adriamycin‐resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells (MCF7adr) with more potent inhibitory activity than tryptanthrin. Taken together, derivatization by benzo‐annulation of tryptanthrin ameliorated the MDR‐reversing effect of tryptanthrin and may pave the way to the discovery of a novel potent adjuvant agent for chemotherapy.
Localization and Dynamics of Long‐Lived Excitations in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Dual Quantum Confinement
Authors: Liu Su , Borys Nicholas J. , Sapra Sameer , Eychmüller Alexander , Lupton John M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals consisting of a quantum dot (QD) core and a quantum well (QW) shell, where the QD and QW are separated by a tunneling barrier, offer a unique opportunity to engineer the photophysical properties of individual nanostructures. Using the thicknesses of the corresponding layers, the excitons of the first and second excited states can be separated spatially, localizing one state to the QD and the other to the QW. Thus the wave function overlap of the two states can be minimized, suppressing non‐radiative thermalization between the two wells, which in turn leads to radiative relaxation from both states. The molecular analogy to such dual emission would be the inhibition of internal conversion, a special case that violates Kasha′s rule. Using nanosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy of QDQW CdSe/ZnS onion‐like nanocrystals, an intermediate regime of exciton separation and suppressed thermalization is identified where the non‐radiative relaxation of the higher‐energy state is slowed, but not completely inhibited. In this intermediate thermalization regime, the temporal evolution of the delayed emission spectra resulting from trapped carriers mimic the dynamics of such states in nanocrystals that consist of only a QD core. In stark contrast, when a higher‐energy metastable state exists in the QW shell due to strongly suppressed interwell thermalization, the spectral dynamics of the long‐lived excitations in the QD and QW, which are spectrally distinct, are amplified and differ from each other as well as from those in the core‐only nanocrystals. This difference in spectral dynamics demonstrates the utility of exploiting well‐defined exciton localization to study the nature and spatial dependence of the intriguing photophysics of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, and illustrates the power of nanosecond gated luminescence spectroscopy in illuminating complex relaxation dynamics which are entirely masked in steady‐state or ultrafast spectroscopy.
Comparison of the Stability of Functionalized GaN and GaP
Authors: Wilkins Stewart J. , Paskova Tania , Reynolds C. Lewis , Ivanisevic Albena 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSurface functionalization via 1 H,1 H,2 H,2H‐perfluoro octanephosphonic acid was done in the presence of phosphoric acid to provide a simplified surface passivation technique for gallium nitride (GaN) and gallium phosphide (GaP). In an effort to identify the leading causes of surface instabilities, hydrogen peroxide was utilized as an additional chemical modification to cap unsatisfied bonds. The stability of the surfaces was studied in an aqueous environment and subsequently characterized. A physical characterization was carried out to evaluate the surface roughness and water hydrophobicity pre and post stability testing via atomic force microscopy and water goniometry. Surface‐chemistry changes and solution leaching were quantified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate a sensitivity to hydroxyl terminated species for both GaN and GaP under aqueous environments, as the increase of the degree of leaching was more significant for hydrogen peroxide treated samples. The results support the notion that hydroxyl species act as precursors to gallium oxide formation and lead to subsequent instability in aqueous solutions.
Ultrafast Charge‐Transfer Reactions of Indoline Dyes with Anchoring Alkyl Chains of Varying Length in Mesoporous ZnO Solar Cells
Authors: Rohwer Egmont , Minda Iulia , Tauscher Gabriele , Richter Christoph , Miura Hidetoshi , Schlettwein Derck , Schwoerer Heinrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by H. Schwoerer and I. Minda (Stellenbosch University). The image shows one of our cells in the African sun light with an indoline dye attached and accompanied by a femtosecond transient absorption landscape. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201402784.
Monoclinic Copper(I) Selenide Nanocrystals and Copper(I) Selenide/Palladium Heterostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhao Shulin , Li Yafei , Lan Yaqian , Han Min , Dai Zhihui , Bao Jianchun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe have developed a simple and facile approach to the fabrication of monoclinic Cu2Se nanocrystals and Cu2Se/Pd heterostructures. [(C2H5)4N]2[CuCl4] was chosen as the copper source and SeO2/terpineol was used as the Se–II precursor for the generation of hexagonal CuSe and cubic Cu2–xSe through the “hot‐injection” and “one‐pot” methods, respectively. Both CuSe and Cu2–xSe could be further transformed into monoclinic Cu2Se through heat treatment with trioctylphosphine (TOP) at 220 °C. Cu2Se/Pd as well as CuSe/Pd and Cu2–xSe/Pd were readily obtained by simply mixing copper selenides and Pd(NO3)2 in a 2‐propanol solution. The Pd nanoparticles were distributed on the surface of the copper selenides. The effect of certain reaction parameters on the formation of copper selenides was studied. The amount of terpineol used played an important role in the phase‐selective synthesis of CuSe and Cu2–xSe. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the heterostructures was investigated with 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐Mpy) as a probe molecule. Owing to the strong synergistic effects between Cu2Se and Pd, Cu2Se/Pd showed greater SERS performance than pure Pd or Cu2Se. Moreover, compared to those of CuSe/Pd and Cu2–xSe/Pd, Cu2Se/Pd exhibited the highest SERS sensitivity to 4‐Mpy with a detection limit as low as 1.0 × 10–9 M, which revealed its phase‐ and composition‐dependent characteristics. This Cu2Se/Pd heterostructure exhibits potential applications in the chemical and biological sensing fields.
Fluorescence and Label Free Impedimetric DNA Detection on SnO2 Nanopillars
Authors: Le Minh Hai , Fradetal Louis , Delabouglise Didier , Mai Anh Tuan , Stambouli Valerie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSnO2 is a n‐type semiconductive oxide with attractive characteristics mainly based on easy elaboration and functionalization routes in addition to chemical robustness. We have fabricated SnO2 nanopillars based DNA sensor to perform the label free (without any redox compound) impedimetric DNA detection. The non faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) behavior and more particularly the evolution of the polarization resistance the SnO2 nanopillars has been thoroughly investigated upon the different steps of their functionalization process up to DNA hybridization. Similarly to our previous study on planar 2D SnO2 surfaces, the DNA hybridization induces a systematic increase of the polarization resistance, the magnitude of which decreases with the target DNA concentration. This DNA concentration dependence matches the one obtained from epifluorescence intensity measurements. A common value of DNA detection limit, i.e. 2 nM, is found from both measurement techniques. Interestingly the 3D view intensity obtained by confocal scanning laser fluorescence microscopy confirms that the DNA molecules are mainly grafted along the SnO2 nanopillars. Finally both impedance and fluorescence measurements obtained in the case of 1‐ and 2‐base mismatch hybridizations demonstrate the selectivity of the SnO2 nanopillars based DNA sensor. These preliminary results open the way to further investigations on the influence of both the shape ratio and electrical properties of the SnO2 nanopillars on the impedance variations related to DNA hybridization, notably in view of improving the sensor performances.
Faradic Peaks Enhanced by Carbon Nanotubes in Microsomal Cytochrome P450 Electrodes
Authors: Baj‐Rossi C. , Müller C. , von Mandach U. , De Micheli G. , Carrara S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work we present an investigation on the behavior of microsomes containing human cytochrome P450 in cyclic voltammetry for drug detection. The microsomes are adsorbed on the surface of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes by drop‐casting. We demonstrate that the hydrophobic and highly electroactive surface of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes enables to distinguish more clearly the contributions in reduction peak current attributed to the enzymatic components of microsomes. Voltammetric measurements were performed under several experimental conditions with two cytochrome P450‐isoforms, 1A2 and 3A4. We show that the reduction current for the component of cytochrome P450‐microsome linearly increases in the presence of a substrate.
Sequential Determination of 13 Elements in Complex Matrices by Stripping Voltammetry with Mixed Complexing Electrolytes
Authors: Muratt Diana T. , M. de Carvalho Leandro , Viana Carine , C. do Nascimento Paulo , Reis Gabriel , R. Dal Molin Thaís , Grassmann Carla , Smidt Geerd , Koschinsky Andrea 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the determination of 13 elements in a simultaneous and sequential analysis using solochrome violet (SVRS), chloranilic acid (CA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), dimethylglyoxime (DMG), and oxine as complexing electrolytes. The Methods were applied to determine Al3+, Fe3+, Mo6+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Tl+, U6+, V5+, and Cr6+ in fertilizers, plant materials, and foodstuffs. The Method was found to be selective and accurate (82.13–119.03 %) for elemental analysis in complex matrices that were previously submitted to a total oxidative digestion step (calcination and wet digestion). Mutual interferences of the elements were systematically investigated. The Sequential Method could be useful for the routine quality control of foodstuffs and fertilizer formulations regarding mineral nutrients or contaminants.
Modeling and interpreting biological effects of mixtures in the environment: Introduction to the metal mixture modeling evaluation project
Authors: Van Genderen Eric , Adams William , Dwyer Robert , Garman Emily , Gorsuch Joseph 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

The fate and biological effects of chemical mixtures in the environment are receiving increased attention from the scientific and regulatory communities. Understanding the behavior and toxicity of metal mixtures poses unique challenges for incorporating metal-specific concepts and approaches, such as bioavailability and metal speciation, in multiple-metal exposures. To avoid the use of oversimplified approaches to assess the toxicity of metal mixtures, a collaborative 2-yr research project and multistakeholder group workshop were conducted to examine and evaluate available higher-tiered chemical speciation-based metal mixtures modeling approaches. The Metal Mixture Modeling Evaluation project and workshop achieved 3 important objectives related to modeling and interpretation of biological effects of metal mixtures: 1) bioavailability models calibrated for single-metal exposures can be integrated to assess mixture scenarios; 2) the available modeling approaches perform consistently well for various metal combinations, organisms, and endpoints; and 3) several technical advancements have been identified that should be incorporated into speciation models and environmental risk assessments for metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:721–725. © 2015 SETAC