bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of the concentrations of IGFs and several IGF‐binding proteins in a large fibrous abdominal tumor and the circulation of a patient with hypoglycemia
Authors: van Doorn Jaap , van de Hoef Wouter , Dullaart Robin P. F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe syndrome of nonislet cell tumor induced hypoglycemia (NICTH) represent extreme cases of excessive expression and production of incompletely processed high‐molecular‐mass pro‐IGF‐II forms (big IGF‐II) by an often large tumor. Tumor‐derived big IGF‐II is responsible for enhanced insulin‐like effects in the body through complicated mechanisms, leading to hypoglycemia. Case studies on NICTH usually focus on measurements of diagnostic parameters in the circulation of patients. Some studies have also reported on qualitative immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue, in particular with respect to the expression of IGF‐II at the mRNA or protein level. However, quantitative data on the concentrations of IGFs and IGFBPs in tumor specimen causing NICTH, in relation to their corresponding plasma levels are lacking. Such an analysis would provide an estimate of the total potential of (big) IGF‐II retained by the tumor and more insight in the relative levels of different IGFBPs and their origin in the circulation, that is, systemically induced by tumor related factors or directly tumor‐derived. Here we investigated quantitatively the levels of IGFs and IGFBPs in a large, 1.76 kg weighing, solitary fibrous tumor from a typical case of NICTH using highly specific immunometric assays. Besides a high level of big IGF‐II, patient's plasma also contained increased levels of both IGFBP‐2 and ‐6 which declined after removal of the tumor. These IGFBPs have a higher affinity for (pro‐) IGF‐II than IGF‐I and exhibit intrinsic IGF‐independent bioactivities. Tumor tissue contained high amounts of big IGF‐II and IGFBP‐6, exceeding that in patient's circulation many‐fold. A relatively low tumor content of IGFBP‐2 was found suggesting that the preoperative high levels in plasma were attributable to systemic mechanisms. The background literature and possible implications of these findings are briefly discussed. Based on the present results we postulate that tumor tissue is not the source of the elevated levels of IGFBP‐2 often seen in NICTH patients. Large tumors that cause NICTH can produce IGFBP‐6 leading to enhanced levels of this IGFBP in the circulation. Hence, the measurement of IGFBP‐6 in plasma may serve as an additional marker of this disease pattern. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(3):183–189, 2015
Atypical manifestation of cat‐scratch disease: isolated epigastric pain in an immunocompetent, 12‐year‐old child
Authors: Kayemba‐Kay's Simon , Kovács Tamas , Rakotoharinandrasana Iarolalao , Benosman Sidi Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe present a 12‐year‐old immunocompetent girl with hepato splenic cat‐scratch disease (CSD). Her sole inaugural complaint was isolated epigastric pain. She fully recovered, with normalized abdominal CT scan following 2 weeks course of Azythromycin®. CSD should be included in differential diagnosis in children with epigastric pain, especially in those with domestic pets.
Unilateral foveal hypoplasia in a child with bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis
Authors: Shields Rebecca A. , Cavuoto Kara M. , McKeown Craig A. , Chang Ta C. 
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical MessageIn patients with foveal hypoplasia, anterior segment dysgenesis and an absence of systemic findings, consider a recently described syndrome of foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve decussation defects and anterior segment dysgenesis (FHONDA) in the differential diagnosis.
How Do Noninvasive Imaging Facilities Perceive the Accreditation Process? Results of an Intersocietal Accreditation Commission Survey
Authors: Manning Warren J. , Farrell Mary B. , Bezold Louis I. , Choi John Y. , Cockroft Kevin M. , Gornik Heather L. , Jerome Scott D. , Katanick Sandra L. , Heller Gary V. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC) accredits vascular, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging laboratories. How facilities involved in the accreditation process view accreditation is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the perception of laboratory accreditation from those who had undergone the process. An electronic survey request was sent to all facilities that had received IAC accreditation at least once. Demographic information, as well as opinions on the perceived value of accreditation as it relates to 15 quality metrics was acquired. Responses were obtained from 2782 facilities. Of the 15 quality metrics examined, the process was perceived as leading to improvements by a majority of respondents for 10 (67%) metrics including: report standardization, adherence to guidelines, test standardization, report completeness, identification of deficiencies, improved staff knowledge, report timeliness, distinguished facility, correction of deficiencies, and image quality. Overall, the perceived improvement was greater for hospital‐based facilities (global 66% vs 59%; P < 0.001). Survey data demonstrate that the accreditation process has a positive perceived impact on the majority of examined metrics. These findings suggest that those undergoing the process find value in accreditation.
Relaxation of the Navier–Stokes–Korteweg equations for compressible two‐phase flow with phase transition
Authors: Neusser J. , Rohde C. , Schleper V. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe Navier–Stokes–Korteweg (NSK) system is a classical diffuse‐interface model for compressible two‐phase flow. However, the direct numerical simulation based on the NSK system is quite expensive and in some cases even not possible. We propose a lower‐order relaxation of the NSK system with hyperbolic first‐order part. This allows applying numerical methods for hyperbolic conservation laws and removing some of the difficulties of the original NSK system. To illustrate the new ansatz, we first present a local discontinuous Galerkin method in one and two spatial dimensions. It is shown that we can compute initial boundary value problems with realistic density ratios and perform stable computations for small interfacial widths. Second, we show that it is possible to construct a semi‐discrete finite‐volume scheme that satisfies a discrete entropy inequality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐intrusive reduced‐order modelling of the Navier–Stokes equations based on RBF interpolation
Authors: Xiao D. , Fang F. , Pain C. , Hu G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe present a new non‐intrusive model reduction method for the Navier–Stokes equations. The method replaces the traditional approach of projecting the equations onto the reduced space with a radial basis function (RBF) multi‐dimensional interpolation. The main point of this method is to construct a number of multi‐dimensional interpolation functions using the RBF scatter multi‐dimensional interpolation method. The interpolation functions are used to calculate POD coefficients at each time step from POD coefficients at earlier time steps. The advantage of this method is that it does not require modifications to the source code (which would otherwise be very cumbersome), as it is independent of the governing equations of the system. Another advantage of this method is that it avoids the stability problem of POD/Galerkin. The novelty of this work lies in the application of RBF interpolation and POD to construct the reduced‐order model for the Navier–Stokes equations. Another novelty is the verification and validation of numerical examples (a lock exchange problem and a flow past a cylinder problem) using unstructured adaptive finite element ocean model. The results obtained show that CPU times are reduced by several orders of magnitude whilst the accuracy is maintained in comparison with the corresponding high‐fidelity models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obstructive sleep apnea and adverse outcomes in surgical and nonsurgical patients on the wards
Authors: Lyons Patrick G. , Zadravecz Frank J. , Edelson Dana P. , Mokhlesi Babak , Churpek Matthew M. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with clinical deterioration in postoperative patients and patients hospitalized with pneumonia. Paradoxically, OSA has also been associated with decreased risk of inpatient mortality in these same populations.OBJECTIVESTo investigate the association between OSA and in‐hospital mortality in a large cohort of surgical and nonsurgical ward patients.DESIGNObservational cohort study.SETTINGA 500‐bed academic tertiary care hospital in the United States.PATIENTSA total of 93,676 ward admissions from 53,150 unique adult patients between November 1, 2008 and October 1, 2013.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSOSA diagnoses and comorbidities were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Logistic regression was used to control for patient characteristics, location prior to ward admission, and admission severity of illness. The primary outcome was in‐hospital death. Secondary outcomes included rapid response team (RRT) activation, intensive care unit (ICU) transfer, intubation, and cardiac arrest on the wards.MAIN RESULTSOSA was identified in 5,625 (10.6%) patients. Patients with OSA were more likely to be older, male, and obese, and had higher rates of comorbidities. OSA patients had more frequent RRT activations (1.5% vs 1.1%) and ICU transfers (8% vs 7%) than controls (P < 0.001 for both comparisons), but a lower inpatient mortality rate (1.1% vs 1.4%, P < 0.05). OSA was associated with decreased adjusted odds for ICU transfer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91 [0.84‐0.99]), cardiac arrest (OR: 0.72 [0.55‐0.95]), and in‐hospital mortality (OR: 0.70 [0.58‐0.85]).CONCLUSIONSAfter adjustment for important confounders, OSA was not associated with clinical deterioration on the wards and was associated with significantly decreased in‐hospital mortality. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:592–598. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
3 Tesla MRI detects deterioration in proximal femur microarchitecture and strength in long‐term glucocorticoid users compared with controls
Authors: Chang Gregory , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Regatte Ravinder R. , Babb James , Saxena Amit , Belmont H. Michael , Honig Stephen 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundGlucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most common secondary form of osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid users are at increased risk for fracture compared with nonusers. There is no established relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in GIO. We used 3 Tesla (T) MRI to investigate how proximal femur microarchitecture is altered in subjects with GIO.MethodsThis study had institutional review board approval. We recruited 6 subjects with long‐term (> 1 year) glucocorticoid use (median age = 52.5 (39.2–58.7) years) and 6 controls (median age = 65.5 [62–75.5] years). For the nondominant hip, all subjects underwent dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess BMD and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 3D FLASH) to assess metrics of bone microarchitecture and strength.ResultsCompared with controls, glucocorticoid users demonstrated lower femoral neck trabecular number (−50.3%, 1.12 [0.84–1.54] mm−1 versus 2.27 [1.88–2.73] mm−1, P = 0.02), plate‐to‐rod ratio (−20.1%, 1.48 [1.39–1.71] versus 1.86 [1.76–2.20], P = 0.03), and elastic modulus (−64.8% to −74.8%, 1.54 [1.22–3.19] GPa to 2.31 [1.87–4.44] GPa versus 6.15 [5.00–7.09] GPa to 6.59 [5.58–7.31] GPa, P < 0.05), and higher femoral neck trabecular separation (+192%, 0.705 [0.462–1.00] mm versus 0.241 [0.194–0.327] mm, P = 0.02). There were no differences in femoral neck trabecular thickness (−2.7%, 0.193 [0.184–0.217] mm versus 0.199 [0.179–0.210] mm, P = 0.94) or femoral neck BMD T‐scores (+20.7%, −2.1 [−2.8 to −1.4] versus −2.6 [−3.3 to −2.5], P = 0.24) between groups.ConclusionThe 3T MRI can potentially detect detrimental changes in proximal femur microarchitecture and strength in long‐term glucocorticoid users. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1489–1496.
Chemical mixing in the bottom boundary layer of a eutrophic reservoir: The effects of internal seiching on nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Deemer Bridget R. , Henderson Stephen M. , Harrison John A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn lakes and reservoirs, the bottom boundary layer (BBL) mediates chemical fluxes between sediments and the overlying water column. At the internal shoreline, where the thermocline contacts the lakebed, the motions of internal waves can create fluctuating redox conditions and dynamic physical forcing that may support ecologically important reactions such as denitrification. We characterized physical and chemical dynamics within the internal shoreline of a eutrophic reservoir during the spring and early summer of 2012 (18 May to 18 July). An internal seiche was found to generate quasi‐periodic fluctuations (periods about 12–24 h) in BBL stratification, temperature, and redox conditions. To examine possible implications for chemical mixing and microbial processing, differences between vertically offset, simultaneous BBL measurements of velocity, temperature, N2, and N2O were made over 23 h. Vertical differences in BBL temperature, N2, and N2O formed and collapsed during the wave cycle, with the largest differences occurring following the arrival of an internal bore. Through much of the wave cycle, chemical differences were explained by physical advection and mixing. However, chemical differences measured after bore arrival were not explained by advection, possibly owing to local production of N2 and N2O. These results highlight the dynamic physical environment within the internal shoreline, and the potential of this zone to contribute to system wide denitrification and nitrous oxide production.
High Solid State Photoluminescence Quantum Yields and Effective Color Tuning in Polyvinylpyridine Based Zinc(II) Metallopolymers
Authors: Borbone Fabio , Caruso Ugo , Palma Simona Di , Fusco Sandra , Nabha Shiran , Panunzi Barbara , Shikler Rafi 
Published: June 2015

Two series of amorphous metallopolymers are produced by grafting N′‐substituted aroylhydrazide zinc(II) coordinated fragments onto poly‐(4‐vinylpyridine) at several concentrations. The polymers are characterized concerning their thermal behavior and absorption/emission properties. In the solid state their photoluminescence (PL) performances are remarkable. The emission color can be effectively tuned across the entire visible spectrum by varying the strength of the electron acceptor substituent on the tridentate ligand. As concerns the emission intensity, PL quantum yields measured on spin coated thin films range from medium to high values and greatly exceed those of the model molecular complexes. Some of these values can be considered among the highest reported in the literature for metallopolymers.
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A three‐field stabilized finite element method for fluid‐structure interaction: elastic solid and rigid body limit
Authors: Hachem E. , Feghali S. , Coupez T. , Codina R. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe propose a full Eulerian framework for solving fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems based on a unified formulation in which the FSIs are modelled by introducing an extra stress in the momentum equation. The obtained three‐field velocity, pressure and stress system is solved using a stabilized finite element method. The key feature of this unified formulation is the ability to describe different kind of interactions between the fluid and the structure, which can be either elastic or a perfect rigid body, without the need of treating this last case via penalization. The level‐set method combined with a dynamic anisotropic mesh adaptation is used to track the fluid‐solid interface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying human and pig hepatic in vitro experiments for sulfur mustard study: Screening and identification of metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Halme Mia , Pesonen Maija , Hakala Ullastiina , Pasanen Markku , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Vanninen Paula 
Published: June 2015

RationaleSulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent (CWA) with high toxicity and complex metabolism. This study aimed at identification of new metabolic biomarkers for sulfur mustard using in in vitro exposures and various mass spectrometric techniques.MethodsHuman and pig liver subcellular fractions were used as biocatalysts. Metabolites were screened by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using positive electrospray ionization (ESI). For structural identification, product ion scans (MS/MS, MS3) and accurate mass measurements using liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) were acquired.ResultsSulfur mustard is metabolized in vitro by S‐oxidation and glutathione (GSH) conjugations. One S‐oxidized metabolite, bis(2‐chloroethyl) sulfoxide (m/z 175), was formed in both species only when liver microsomes were present in incubations, and it was the main metabolite if GSH was not added into the reaction mixture. However, conjugation with GSH was found to be a spontaneous reaction in physiological pH and buffered solution. Three GSH conjugates of sulfur mustard were detected and identified, among which two were novel; 2‐((2‐(S‐glutathionyl)ethyl)thio)ethanol (m/z 412) and 2‐((2‐(S‐glutathionyl)ethyl)thio)ethyl phosphate (m/z 492).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this was the first time that S‐oxidized metabolites and GSH conjugates of sulfur mustard have been detected and identified from human samples in vitro by LC/MS/MS. The usefulness of the GSH conjugates to serve as biomarkers for sulfur mustard exposure in human samples requires further studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of tandem mass spectrometric fingerprint of novel antineoplastic curcumin analogues using electrospray ionization
Authors: Awad H. , Das U. , Dimmock J. , El‐Aneed A. 
Published: June 2015

RationaleCurcumin analogues are antineoplastic agents, designed based on the structure of the spice turmeric with structural modifications aiming at enhancing potency. The goal is to identify the common tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) behavior of 13 novel curcumin analogues. Such knowledge is critical for their biological assessment, including metabolite identification and pharmacokinetic evaluation.MethodsBoth detection of the protonated molecules [M + H]+ of the synthesized compounds and determination of their exact molecular masses were achieved with hybrid quadrupole orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QqTOF‐MS). Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS/MS analysis was performed using triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (QqLIT‐MS). Both instruments were equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. MS3 and neutral loss experiments were performed using QqLIT‐MS to confirm the genesis of the observed product ions.ResultsAbundant [M + H]+ molecules were formed using the QqTOF‐MS hybrid instrument with mass accuracies below 6 ppm. CID‐MS/MS dissociation studies were centered on the piperidone ring of curcumin analogues; twelve common product ions have been identified from the fission of the various bonds within the piperidone moiety. There was a tendency for the formation of highly conjugated product ions, stabilized via resonance. The variety of the side‐chain substituents at the nitrogen atom resulted in side‐chain‐specific product ions.ConclusionsThe ESI‐CID‐MS/MS analysis of curcumin analogues revealed a common fragmentation behavior of all tested compounds, which gave diagnostic product ions identified for each molecule. The established MS/MS behavior will be applied to determine metabolic by‐products of curcumin analogues as well as to develop targeted identification/quantification methods within biological extracts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thin‐layer chromatography/matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging for the analysis of phospholipids in LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts treated with the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA
Authors: Batubara Afnan , Carolan Vikki A , Loadman Paul M. , Sutton Chris , Shnyder Steve D. , Clench Malcolm R. 
Published: June 2015

Rationale5,6‐Dimethylxanthenone‐4‐acetic acid (DMXAA) is a low molecular weight drug of the flavonoid group, which has an anti‐vascular effect in tumours causing endothelial cell apoptosis and activation of cytokines. Flavonoid‐based compounds have been reported to lead to an upregulation in the expression of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC)‐type lipids in solid tumours. A study employing TLC/MALDI‐MS and MALDI‐MS imaging to examine LS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts following administration of DMXAA has been conducted into this effect.MethodsLS174T colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts grown in male immune‐deficient mice were treated with 27.5 mg/kg DMXAA. The control (before treatment) and 4 h and 24 h post‐treatment tumours were excised and divided into two. MALDI‐MS imaging experiments were carried out on 12 µm cryosections sections taken from one half of the tumours and from the other half the lipids were extracted and analysed by TLC/MALDI‐MS. These experiments were carried out in triplicate.ResultsStatistical analysis of the MALDI‐MS imaging data set indicated an increased amount of LPC in the 24 h post‐treated sample and a decreased amount of PC in the 24 h post‐treated sample, compared with the 4 h post‐treated sample and the control. These effects were confirmed by the TLC/MALDI‐MS data. The lipid extracts were separated into six spots on the TLC plate. These were identified as arising from different lipids classes, i.e. LPC, sphingomyelins (SM), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE). The TLC/MALDI‐MS data indicated that LPC were highly expressed in the 4 h and 24 h post‐treated tumour samples compared with the control. Examination of the mass spectrometric images confirms this increase and demonstrates additionally that the increase in the signals arising from LPC appears to be localised primarily within the central areas of the xenograft.ConclusionsAn increase in expression of LPC lipids in solid tumours treated with DMXAA has been demonstrated and shown to be localised in the central area of the tumour. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.