bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginalized identities, healthcare discrimination, and parental stress about COVID‐19
Authors: Meier A. , Kamp Dush C. , VanBergen A. M. , Clark S. , Manning W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper assesses stress disparities among marginalized parents in 2020–21 during the COVID‐19 pandemic through the mechanism of healthcare discrimination.BackgroundThe pandemic upended the lives of American families and had particularly stark mental health consequences for women, racial and ethnic minority (REM), and sexual and gender minority (SGM) parents. Scholars have been called to understand these unequal experiences via marginalizing mechanisms rather than using race, gender, and sexual identities as proxies for racism, sexism, and cis‐heterosexism.MethodsStructural equation modeling was used to test associations between marginalized identities and parental stress about COVID among partnered parents using healthcare discrimination, a marginalizing mechanism, as a mediator. The data come from The National Couples' Health and Time Study, a population‐representative study of couples in the United States.ResultsFindings indicate that compared to nonmarginalized parents, Black parents, women, transgender and nonbinary parents, and gay, lesbian, and bisexual parents experienced higher levels of parental stress about COVID through heightened healthcare discrimination. When accounting for healthcare discrimination, only one marginalized identity–that of women–was directly associated with parental stress about COVID along with the indirect relationship through healthcare discrimination.ConclusionThese findings highlight healthcare discrimination as a process that puts marginalized parents at risk for heightened stress. Parental stress has the potential to accumulate across the life course and crossover to children and communities.
Inoculum sources and management of bean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli
Authors: Masheti Yona , Muthomi James W. , Muiru William M. , Arunga Esther E. , Gepts Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBean scab caused by Elsinoë phaseoli is a major challenge to common bean cultivation in Kenya. However, knowledge about its epidemiology and management is limited. This study conducted three experiments in Kakamega, Kenya, evaluating scab inoculum sources and control options. The first experiment evaluated three different inoculum sources over two seasons; bean crop residue caused the highest scab incidence in both the 2021 (62.1%) and 2022 (81.1%) seasons. The second experiment assessed the effect of rotation history on scab over three seasons. Scab incidence consistently surpassed 90% within the first 30 days after planting in half‐yearly rotated fields across all seasons, while the disease was absent after planting in fields with no recent history of legumes. Fields rotated out of legumes consistently had the highest grain yield, averaging 1.5 t ha−1 over the seasons. Additionally, the rotation land treatment displayed significantly more pods per plant during the 2021 (9.7), 2022a (9.8), and 2022b (12.5) seasons. In the third experiment, the impact of five fungicides and four cropping systems on bean scab was investigated over two seasons. Neither fungicide treatments nor cropping systems had an effect on bean scab incidence even when only severe symptoms were considered. Carbendazim had the highest yield (1.9 t ha−1) outperforming the unsprayed control only in the 2022 season while none of the other fungicides outperformed the control treatment in yield parameters in either season. This study emphasizes the challenge of managing bean scab without proper crop rotation and underscores the role of crop residue as a critical inoculum source.
Unraveling local and regional determinants of high plant diversity at marine rocky outcrops in Uruguay
Authors: Mai Patricia , Marchesi Eduardo , Pollero Antonella , Zabaleta María , Cappuccio Laura , Fernández Sebastián , Idjiloff Ninoska , Arim Matías 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuestionsMarine rocky outcrops are model systems of community assembly under harsh conditions. The prevailing environmental conditions that determine a coast–inland gradient of stress and disturbance impose a strong environmental filter on community assembly. However, the Atlantic rocky outcrops of Uruguay challenge this assumption as they exhibit high plant diversity at small spatial scales. We investigated this study system to answer: (1) which environmental factors determine diversity at the local scale; (2) and how does the regional pool influence species composition along the coast–inland gradient?MethodsWe analyzed the local and regional determinants of plant community assembly in four rocky sites along the Uruguayan coast. Through a random sampling approach stratified by distance to the coast, we recorded species occurrences and microenvironmental conditions. Observed taxa were assigned into different species assemblages according to their typical vegetation type. Generalized Linear Model (GLM)–Poisson regression, quantile regressions and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to identify the factors underlying local richness and the spatial vegetation structure.ResultsNine different vegetation types generate a mass effect that enhances local diversity. Unexpectedly, 56% of the species are from non‐marine environments — e.g. grasslands or hydrophilous herblands. Species assemblages were spatially clustered, with a turnover of these clusters along the coast–inland gradient. Elevation, distance to the coast and vegetation cover promoted richness, likely due to an attenuation of marine filters. Meanwhile, substrate availability reduced richness, likely due to competitive exclusion as a result of more resources and homogeneous microenvironmental conditions.ConclusionsThe high local diversity along the marine rocky outcrops of Uruguay is best explained by a functionally diverse regional species pool, which interacts with local heterogeneity, and by conditions that enhance or attenuate the effect of marine stress. Effective conservation and management strategies are key to minimize the detrimental effects of urbanization, fragmentation, and non‐native plant invasions on these diverse habitats.
Automatic generation of architecture drawings from point clouds
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Kong Qingzhao , Yuan Cheng , Li Peizhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditional methods for producing architectural drawings require extensive manual labor. This paper proposes an automated method for generating a comprehensive set of three‐view drawings, including the standardized labeling of doors and annotation of dimensions and areas. The output drawings are software‐readable and editable, and the method is applicable to intricate structures with non‐orthogonal or curved walls. To fully validate the accuracy of the proposed method, two distinct building scenarios were selected for experimentation.
A case study of a patient with platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) combined with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibody positivity during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in conjunction with the ‘atezolizumab plus bevacizumab’ regimen
Authors: Xie Yawen , Huang Yanxia , Liu Shuyue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in conjunction with the combination therapy of atezolizumab (T) and bevacizumab (A) is widely used in hepatocellular carcinoma. Some adverse events such as hypertension, weakness and elevated transaminase levels occurred during treatment, while there is currently no reported case about thrombocytopenia with concomitant HLA antibody‐positive PTR. We summarize the critical care nursing experience of a patient with PTR because of HLA antibody positivity during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy in conjunction with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (T + A) regimen. This paper explains the nursing measures for patients with severe thrombocytopenia and proposes nursing measures for situations where conventional treatments are ineffective. Key nursing points include the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and HLA‐compatible platelets, prevention of complications, psychological care, oral care, and skin management. Through systematic treatment and targeted nursing care, the patient's platelet count rebounded after 9 days, leading to a successful recovery and discharge. Subsequent follow‐up assessments revealed the patient's sustained well‐being. Thrombocytopenia is a potential adverse reaction during the treatment of liver cancer. When platelet transfusion is ineffective, vigilance is necessary for the possibility of HLA positivity, and prompt symptomatic management is warranted.
Complex Ginzburg–Landau equation for time‐varying anisotropic media
Authors: Van Gorder Robert A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen extending the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE) to more than one spatial dimension, there is an underlying question of whether one is capturing all the interesting physics inherent in these higher dimensions. Although spatial anisotropy is far less studied than its isotropic counterpart, anisotropy is fundamental in applications to superconductors, plasma physics, and geology, to name just a few examples. We first formulate the CGLE on anisotropic, time‐varying media, with this time variation permitting a degree of control of the anisotropy over time, focusing on how time‐varying anisotropy influences diffusion and dispersion within both bounded and unbounded space domains. From here, we construct a variety of exact dissipative nonlinear wave solutions, including analogs of wavetrains, solitons, breathers, and rogue waves, before outlining the construction of more general solutions via a dissipative, nonautonomous generalization of the variational method. We finally consider the problem of modulational instability within anisotropic, time‐varying media, obtaining generalizations to the Benjamin–Feir instability mechanism. We apply this framework to study the emergence and control of anisotropic spatiotemporal chaos in rectangular and curved domains. Our theoretical framework and specific solutions all point to time‐varying anisotropy being a potentially valuable feature for the manipulation and control of waves in anisotropic media.
New insights into the phylogeny of Neogastropoda aided by draft genome sequencing of a volutid snail
Authors: Wang Hui , He Xing , Chen Chong , Gao Kexin , Dai Yuran , Sun Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeogastropoda is a large order of predominantly marine gastropod molluscs, typically predatory or parasitic on other animals. It includes over 16,000 species representing a large post‐Cretaceous radiation, but the internal phylogenetic relationships of contained taxa are far from resolved, with inconsistent results from nuclear genes, mitogenomes, and morphology. One major issue in reconstructing the molecular phylogeny is the lack of high‐quality sequences for early‐diverging families and superfamilies such as Volutidae (Volutoidea). Here, we examine the superfamily‐level phylogenetic relationships in Neogastropoda, aided by newly sequenced draft genome and mitogenome of the volutid snail Fulgoraria chinoi from the deep sea off Japan. The genome of F. chinoi is relatively large at 1.54 Gb but exhibits low genome heterozygosity; over 54% of this genome constitutes of repeat contents, and we find evidence for active insertion of transposable elements, particularly LINEs and SINEs. A total of 50,792 protein‐coding genes (PCGs) were predicted from the nuclear genome, and a circular mitogenome was also assembled and annotated. Our phylogenetic analyses using mitogenomes recovered each neogastropod superfamily as monophyletic, though also revealed inconsistent phylogenetic signals within superfamilies. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the PCGs resulted in a robust tree from different models and data matrices, recovering Volutoidea as the earliest diverging superfamily (among those for which comparable data is available) within a monophyletic Neogastropoda. Dated phylogenetic analysis revealed an early Cretaceous radiation of Neogastropoda, congruent with the fossil record. Our study provides a robust internal evolutionary framework for the speciose but genomically undersampled Neogastropoda, and expands the available genomic resources for this order. Genomic data for key missing lineages such as Mitroidea, Olivoidea, and Cancellariidae are much sought in the future for a full understanding of Neogastropoda evolution.
Gene-specific transcriptional activation by the
Aspergillus fumigatus
AtrR factor requires a conserved C-terminal domain
Authors: Ror Shivani , Stamnes Mark A. , Moye-Rowley W. Scott 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Treatment of fungal infections associated with the filamentous fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
is becoming more problematic as this organism is developing resistance to the main chemotherapeutic drug at an increasing rate. Azole drugs represent the current standard-of-care in the treatment of aspergillosis with this drug class acting by inhibiting a key step in the biosynthesis of the fungal sterol ergosterol. Azole compounds block the activity of the lanosterol α-14 demethylase, encoded by the
cyp51A
gene. A common route of azole resistance involves an increase in transcription of
cyp51A
. This transcriptional increase requires the function of a Zn2Cys6 DNA-binding domain-containing transcription activator protein called AtrR. AtrR was identified through its action as a positive regulator of expression of an ATP-binding cassette transporter (
abcC
/
cdr1B
here called
abcG1
). Using both deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis, we demonstrate that a conserved C-terminal domain in
A. fumigatus
is required for the expression of
abcG1
but dispensable for
cyp51A
transcription. This domain is also found in several other fungal pathogen AtrR homologs consistent with a conserved gene-selective function of this protein segment being conserved. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we find that this gene-specific transcriptional defect extends to several other membrane transporter-encoding genes including a second ABC transporter locus. Our data reveal that AtrR uses at least two distinct mechanisms to induce gene expression and that normal susceptibility to azole drugs cannot be provided by maintenance of wild-type expression of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway when ABC transporter expression is reduced.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus fumigatu
s is the primary human filamentous fungal pathogen. The principal chemotherapeutic drug used to control infections associated with
A. fumigatus
is the azole compound. These drugs are well-tolerated and effective, but resistance is emerging at an alarming rate. Most resistance is associated with mutations that lead to overexpression of the azole target enzyme, lanosterol α-14 demethylase, encoded by the cyp51A gene. A key regulator of cyp51A gene expression is the transcription factor AtrR. Very little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of AtrR on gene expression. Here, we use deletion and clustered amino acid substitution mutagenesis to map a region of AtrR that confers gene-specific activation on target genes of this transcription factor. This region is highly conserved across AtrR homologs from other pathogenic species arguing that its importance in transcriptional regulation is maintained across evolution.
Clinical experiences, current approaches, opinions and awareness of healthcare professionals regarding the audio-vestibular consequences of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a cross-sectional online survey study
Authors: Bölükbaş Kübra , Edwards Laura , Baguley David M , Fackrell Kathryn 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences, current approaches, opinions and awareness of healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding the audio-vestibular consequences.Design/settingCross-sectional online survey study.ParticipantsHCPs with experience of caring for adults with TBI, who were not ENT (ear nose throat) specialists or audiologists.MethodsThe study was conducted from May 2022 to December 2022. The online survey consisted of 16 closed and open-text questions in English and Turkish about clinical experience, current approaches and awareness of audio-vestibular consequences following TBI. Frequencies of responses to closed questions and associations between variables were analysed using SPSS V.28. Open-text responses were summarised in Microsoft Excel.ResultsSeventy HCPs participated from 17 professions and 14 countries, with the majority from the UK (42.9%). HCPs stated that ‘some’ to ‘all’ of their patients had auditory problems such as ‘inability to understand speech-in-noise’ (66%), ‘tinnitus’ (64%), ‘hyperacusis’ (57%) and balance problems such as ‘dizziness’ (79%) and ‘vertigo’ (67%). Usually, HCPs asked about the balance status of patients at appointments and when they observed dizziness and/or balance disorder they used screening tests, most commonly finger-to-nose (53%). For auditory impairments, HCPs preferred referring patients with TBI to audiology/ENT services. However, 6% of HCPs felt that audio-vestibular conditions could be ignored on referral because patients with TBI struggled with many impairments. Additionally, 44% would suggest hearing aids to patients with TBI with hearing loss ‘if they would like to use’ rather than ‘definitely’.ConclusionsMany audio-vestibular impairments are observed by HCPs caring for patients with TBI. The assessment and intervention opinions and awareness of HCPs for these impairments vary. However, non-expert HCPs may not be aware of negative consequences of untreated audio-vestibular impairments following TBI. Therefore, developing a simple framework for screening and indications of audio-vestibular impairments for referral may be helpful for non-audiological specialists regularly seeing these patients.
Access to personalised dementia care planning in primary care: a mixed methods evaluation of the PriDem intervention
Authors: Spencer Emily , Griffiths Sarah , Flanagan Katie , O'Keeffe Aidan , Wiegand Martin , Benjamin Lewis , D'Andrea Federica , Wilcock Jane , Poole Marie , Walters Kate R , Robinson Louise , Rait Greta 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesProvision of personalised care planning is a national priority for people with dementia. Research suggests a lack of quality and consistency of care plans and reviews. The PriDem model of care was developed to deliver feasible and acceptable primary care-based postdiagnostic dementia care. We aimed to increase the adoption of personalised care planning for people with dementia, exploring implementation facilitators and barriers.DesignMixed-method feasibility and implementation study.SettingSeven general practices from four primary care networks (PCNs) in the Northeast and Southeast of England.ParticipantsA medical records audit collected data on 179 community-dwelling people with dementia preintervention, and 215 during the intervention year. The qualitative study recruited 26 health and social care professionals, 14 people with dementia and 16 carers linked to participating practices.InterventionClinical dementia leads (CDL) delivered a 12-month, systems-level intervention in participating PCNs, to develop care systems, build staff capacity and capability, and deliver tailored care and support to people with dementia and their carers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdoption of personalised care planning was assessed through a preintervention and postintervention audit of medical records. Implementation barriers and facilitators were explored through semistructured qualitative interviews and non-participant observation, analysed using codebook thematic analysis informed by Normalisation Process Theory.ResultsThe proportion of personalised care plans increased from 37.4% (95% CI 30.3% to 44.5%) preintervention to 64.7% (95% CI 58.3% to 71.0%) in the intervention year. Qualitative findings suggest that the flexible nature of the PriDem intervention enabled staff to overcome contextual barriers through harnessing the skills of the wider multidisciplinary team, delivering increasingly holistic care to patients.ConclusionsMeaningful personalised care planning can be achieved through a team-based approach. Although improved guidelines for care planning are required, commissioners should consider the benefits of a CDL-led approach.Trial registration numberISRCTN11677384.
Defining complicated urinary tract infection and route of antibiotics in children presenting to the emergency department: a cohort study using the Melbourne RUPERT clinical score
Authors: Scanlan Barry T , Ibrahim Laila F , Babl Franz E , Hopper Sandy M , McNab Sarah , Donath Susan M , Davidson Andrew , Bryant Penelope A 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesMost children with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) can be managed with oral antibiotics. However, identifying those likely to fail oral and need intravenous antibiotics due to complicating features at presentation is challenging. We aimed to derive, validate and test a score to guide initial antibiotic route.DesignThis cohort study enrolled children both prospectively and retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received intravenous or oral antibiotics after 24 hours, including those who switched between routes. Children diagnosed with confirmed UTI were used to derive then validate the score, comparing complicating clinical features between the two groups. Combinations of significantly differentiating features generated receiver operating characteristic curves and the optimal cut-off for intravenous antibiotic use was selected.SettingThe emergency department of a tertiary paediatric hospital.ParticipantsAll children aged 3 months–17 years with suspected UTI were eligible, and were included if they fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for UTI.Outcome measuresThe effectiveness of the derived clinical score to differentiate patients at presentation who had complicated UTI requiring ongoing intravenous antibiotics.ResultsThere were 1240 patients, of whom 167 children aged 12 months–11 years with confirmed UTI comprised the derivation cohort. The combination of features that performed optimally (area under curve 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) were: rigors, urological abnormality, pyrexia (≥38°C), emesis, recurrent (≥3) UTI, tachycardia: the RUPERT score (1 point each, maximum 6). A score ≥3 accurately classified route of antibiotics after 24 hours for 80% patients (sensitivity 77%, specificity 81%). For the 168 patients in the validation cohort, the score accurately classified 76% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 78%). The score tested well in ‘probable’ UTI and adolescents, and less well in infants.ConclusionThe Melbourne RUPERT score provides the first standardised, easy-to-use score to aid clinicians in deciding route of antibiotics for more complicated UTI in children. It now needs prospective validation.