bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light from down under
Authors: Fine Maoz , Sabbah Shai , Shashar Nadav , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Coral-algae symbiosis is a key feature of tropical corals and is highly dependent on the efficiency with which solar energy is attenuated by the coral. Scleractinian corals are among the most efficient light collectors in nature by modulation of the internal light field in the coral skeleton. Interestingly, coral skeleton particles composing the sandy bottoms in reef margins sustain these optical characteristics. In the present study we examined two free-living coral species Heterocyathus aequicostatus (Caryophyllidae) and Heteropsammia cochlea (Dendrophylliidae) common on biogenic coarse carbonate sand of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) but absent from fine sand at the same depth. In coarse carbonate sand light penetrates a few millimeters below the surface and propagates along horizontal distances of a few centimeters. In fine sand, almost all of the light is reflected back to the water column. For photosynthetic sand-dwelling organisms such as the studied species, with over one third of their surface area facing the substrate, light flux to their underside may be beneficial. A correlation was found between the diameter of these corals and the distance that light may travel in the sand under the coral. Laboratory and field measurements prove that the symbiotic algae at the underside of the corallites are photosynthetically active even when the coral is partially buried, implying sufficient light penetration. Other organisms in the study site such as fungid corals and forameniferans, with different morphologies, have different light trapping strategies but are also photosynthesizing in their underside. The importance of the substrate type to the performance of the three main partners of the symbiosis in H. aequicostatus and H. cochlea (coral, endosymbiotic algae and a sipunculan worm) is highlighted striking example of co-evolution of these organisms.
‘Someone to watch over me’: Surveillance within a UK casino
Authors: Guerrier Yvonne , Bohane Guy 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Most studies of casinos have emphasized the pervasiveness of surveillance but they have generally focused on staff responses to being monitored. Given that surveillance is about care as well as about control, this article argues that surveillance is necessary in order to provide a safe environment in which customers can engage in the risky activity of gambling. The role of staff is to watch customers and each other, as well as to be watched over. The article uses a case study of a casino in a UK city to explore surveillance as work. Despite the presence of cameras and recording equipment, we argue that surveillance is primarily an embodied process of people watching people. We explore the different reasons that staff are required to watch customers: in order to respond to their needs, in order to police their behaviour to prevent illegal or deviant acts and in order to provide support and care if gambling behaviour is becoming problematic. We explore how staff learn what to look out for and how and when they intervene. Finally we argue that ‘surveillance work’ is relevant in a range of hospitality settings as hospitality organizations are increasingly required by government to take responsibility for the ‘policing’ of customers on their premises.
Reviews
Authors: Miller Jeffrey P. , Schouten Steven , Clarke Alan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Dishing It Out: In Search of the Restaurant Experience, Robert Appelbaum (2011) London: Reaktion Books, 285 pp., ISBN: 978-1-86189-807-4 (hbk), £19.95
Turning the Tables: Restaurants and the Rise of the American Middle Class, 1880–1920, Andrew P. Haley (2011) Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 356 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8078-3474-9 (hbk), £33.20.
Marketing in Food, Hospitality, Tourism & Events: A Critical Approach, Richard Tresidder and Craig Hirst (2012) Oxford: Goodfellows Publishing, 256 pp., ISBN: 978-1-906884-22-2 (pbk), £29.99
Neural Network Approaches to Data Fusion Calculation and Correction in Wireless Sensor Network – A Case Study Comparison between BPN, RBFN and GRNN
Authors: Sung Wen-Tsai , Liu Yu-Feng 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper explores the quality monitoring experiment by three existing neural network approaches to data fusion in wireless sensor module measurements. There are ten sensors deployed in a sensing area, the digital conversion and weight adjustment of the collected data need to be done. This method can improve the accuracy of the estimated data. In this study, the first neural network approach used to the correction of the sensed data is common Back Propagation Network (BPN). Although this approach leads to a quick convergence, the results are not the expectations and the training data output can't achieve a precise correction of the sensed data. The second approach is Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN), which can effectively achieve a correction of the sensed data and its training data output meets better the actual temperature measurements. The last approach is General Regression Neural Network (GRNN). GRNN and RBFN are both probabilistic neural networks. According to the experimental analysis of this study, GRNN can more accurately and quickly obtain the actual situation. The activity function of the nodes in hidden layers of GRNN adopts Gaussian function and thus GRNN has partial approximation ability. That's why GRNN can learn quickly. Besides, man-made adjustable parameter in GRNN only has one threshold so that the impact on the predicted results caused by man-made subjective assumptions can be avoided and the advantage of fast calculation can help network model be predicted more quickly.
Effect of Binder Type, Mastic, and Aggregate Type on the Low-Temperature Characteristics of Modified Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mogawer Walaa S. , Austerman Alexander J. , Kim Sang-Soo 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of binder type, mastic, and aggregate type on the low-temperature cracking characteristics of asphalt mixtures. Six different performance grade (PG) binders were utilized for this study: PG64-28, PG64-28 with poly phosphoric acid, PG64-34 SBS, PG76-22 SBS, a terminal blend asphalt rubber, and PG64-28 with 2 % latex. Each binder was tested to determine its low-temperature cracking resistance using the asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD) and the Superpave tests. A Superpave 9.5 mm mixture was designed using each of the six binders for this study and two sources of aggregates (crushed stone and gravel). Each mixture was then tested for low-temperature cracking resistance using the asphalt concrete cracking device (ACCD). Mastics corresponding to each mixture were tested for low-temperature cracking resistance using the ABCD. Analysis of the results showed that the AASHTO critical cracking temperature had a strong correlation with the ABCD binder and mastics results, but did not correlate well with the mixture tests. Mastic testing generally did not correlate well with the mixture test results. ABCD and ACCD tests results indicated that they were sensitive to binder type, aging time, and aggregate types.
Implementation and Use of Feasibility Assessment of Biometric Locker System for Swimmers
Authors: Lay Yun-Long , Yang Hui-Jen , Lin Chern-Sheng , Tsai Chung-Ho 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A locker is used for the temporary storage of goods. This study implements a biometric locker using fingerprint recognition as a means of secure access to the locker for swimmers. The system captures the fingerprint of the user and requires a fingerprint match to reopen the locker door, ensuring that only the renter can open the locker door to remove its contents. This system eliminates the need for a key and increases security with regard to swimmers’ belongings. Specifically, the implementation process and system recognition rate are examined in this study. Furthermore, an evaluation of use intention for lockers was used in this study for understanding the system’s feasibility. The results indicate that system security, system usability, service convenience, and personal satisfaction separately impact use intention.
Cerebral Palsy and Growth Failure at 6 to 7 Years
Authors: Vohr Betty R. , Stephens Bonnie E. , McDonald Scott A. , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Laptook Abbot R. , Pappas Athina , Hintz Susan R. , Shankaran Seetha , Higgins Rosemary D. , Das Abhik 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between severity of cerebral palsy (CP) and growth to 6 to 7 years of age among children with moderate to severe (Mod/Sev) hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). It was hypothesized that children with Mod/Sev CP would have poorer growth, lower cognitive scores, and increased rehospitalization rates compared with children with no CP (No CP).

METHODS:
Among 115 of 122 surviving children followed in the hypothermia trial for neonatal HIE, growth parameters and neurodevelopmental status at 18 to 22 months and 6 to 7 years were available. Group comparisons (Mod/Sev CP and No CP) with unadjusted and adjusted analyses for growth &lt;10th percentile and z scores by using Fisher’s exact tests and regression modeling were conducted.

RESULTS:
Children with Mod/Sev CP had high rates of slow growth and cognitive and motor impairment and rehospitalizations at 18 to 22 months and 6 to 7 years. At 6 to 7 years of age, children with Mod/Sev CP had increased rates of growth parameters &lt;10th percentile compared with those with No CP (weight, 57% vs 3%; height, 70% vs 2%; and head circumference, 82% vs 13%; P &lt; .0001). Increasing severity of slow growth was associated with increasing age (P &lt; .04 for weight, P &lt; .001 for length, and P &lt; .0001 for head circumference). Gastrostomy feeds were associated with better growth.

CONCLUSIONS:
Term children with HIE who develop Mod/Sev CP have high and increasing rates of growth &lt;10th percentile by 6 to 7 years of age. These findings support the need for close medical and nutrition management of children with HIE who develop CP.
Regional Implementation of a Pediatric Cardiology Chest Pain Guideline Using SCAMPs Methodology
Authors: Angoff Gerald H. , Kane David A. , Giddins Niels , Paris Yvonne M. , Moran Adrian M. , Tantengco Victoria , Rotondo Kathleen M. , Arnold Lucy , Toro-Salazar Olga H. , Gauthier Naomi S. , Kanevsky Estella , Renaud Ashley , Geggel Robert L. , Brown David W. , Fulton David R. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Chest pain is a complaint for which children are frequently evaluated. Cardiac causes are rarely found despite expenditure of considerable time and resources. We describe validation throughout New England of a clinical guideline for cost-effective evaluation of pediatric patients first seen by a cardiologist for chest pain using a unique methodology termed the Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plans (SCAMPs).METHODS:A total of 1016 ambulatory patients, ages 7 to 21 years initially seen for chest pain at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH) or the New England Congenital Cardiology Association (NECCA) practices, were evaluated by using a SCAMPs chest pain guideline. Findings were analyzed for diagnostic elements, patterns of care, and compliance with the guideline. Results from the NECCA practices were compared with those of Boston Children’s Hospital, a regional core academic center.RESULTS:Two patients had chest pain due to a cardiac etiology, 1 with pericarditis and 1 with an anomalous coronary artery origin. Testing performed outside of guideline recommendations demonstrated only incidental findings. Patients returning for persistent symptoms did not have cardiac disease. The pattern of care for the NECCA practices and BCH differed minimally.CONCLUSIONS:By using SCAMPs methodology, we have demonstrated that chest pain in children is rarely caused by heart disease and can be evaluated in the ambulatory setting efficiently and effectively using minimal resources. The methodology can be implemented regionally across a wide range of clinical practice settings and its approach can overcome a number of barriers that often limit clinical practice guideline implementation.
Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Myasthenia: A Surveillance Study
Authors: VanderPluym Juliana , Vajsar Jiri , Jacob Francois Dominique , Mah Jean K. , Grenier Danielle , Kolski Hanna 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic, and treatment trends of pediatric myasthenia in Canada.

METHODS:
Through established Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program methodology, physicians were anonymously surveyed for cases of pediatric myasthenia using a standardized clinical questionnaire containing deidentified data. Inclusion criteria were any child &lt;18 years old with ≥1 of the following: (1) fluctuating ptosis or extraocular weakness, (2) skeletal muscle weakness or fatigue, and (3) any of the following supportive tests: clinical response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, positive antibodies, abnormal slow repetitive nerve stimulation, or single-fiber electromyography.

RESULTS:
In 2 years of surveillance, 57 confirmed cases were reported. There were 34 generalized and 18 ocular reports of juvenile myasthenia gravis plus 5 congenital myasthenic syndrome cases. There were 14 incident cases in 2010 and 6 in 2011. Age of onset ranged from “birth” to 17 years for the generalized form compared with 18 months to 11 years for the ocular subtype. Positive acetylcholine receptor titers were found in 22 (67%) of 33 generalized cases and 8 (44%) of 18 ocular patients. Of patients started on pyridostigmine, improvement was noted in 33 (100%) of 33 generalized cases and 15 (88%) of 17 ocular cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study represents the largest descriptive series of pediatric myasthenia in North America and provides valuable information about clinical characteristics. A high index of suspicion is important for this treatable disease. Children generally respond promptly to readily available therapies.
The Rising Incidence of Celiac Disease in Scotland
Authors: White Lois E. , Merrick Victoria M. , Bannerman Elaine , Russell Richard K. , Basude Dharam , Henderson Paul , Wilson David C. , Gillett Peter M. 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although the incidence of pediatric celiac disease (CD) is increasing globally, it is uncertain whether this is attributed to improved case ascertainment or signifies a true rise. We aimed to identify all incident cases of childhood CD in southeast Scotland over the period 1990 to 2009 to assess trends in total incidence and cases diagnosed as a result of (1) a classic presentation, (2) a nonclassic presentation, or (3) targeted screening.METHODS:Twenty-year retrospective cohort study of case notes, pathology databases, endoscopy, and patient records for all children (&lt;16 years of age) diagnosed with CD on biopsy in southeast Scotland (at-risk population of 225 000–233 000). Data were age-gender standardized and Poisson regression models used to calculate changes in incidence over time.RESULTS:A total of 266 children were diagnosed from 1990 to 2009 with an increase in incidence from 1.8/100 000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–2.7) to 11.7/100 000 (95% CI 9.8–13.9) between the epochs 1990 to 1994 and 2005 to 2009, respectively (P &lt; .0001). The incidence of nonclassic presentation (children with a monosymptomatic presentation and those with extraintestinal symptoms) and actively screened cases increased by 1566% (P &lt; .05) and 1170% (P &lt; .001) from 1990 to 1999 to 2000 to 2009, respectively. However, a rise in the incidence of Oslo classic cases from 1.51/100 000 (95% CI 0.91–2.38) in 1990 to 1994 to 5.22/100 000 (95% CI 3.98–6.75) in 2005 to 2009 (P &lt; .01) remained evident.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of pediatric CD increased 6.4-fold over the 20 years. This study demonstrates that this rise is significant for classic CD, indicating a true rise in the incidence of pediatric CD.
Dental Maturation in Children with the Syndrome of Crouzon and Apert
Authors: Reitsma Jacobus H. , Balk-Leurs Inge H. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Wattel Evert , Prahl-Andersen Birte 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Developing teeth are used to assess maturity and estimate age in a number of disciplines. The purpose of this investigation was to study the dental maturation in children with Crouzon or Apert syndrome compared with nonsyndromic controls. Patients and Methods Records of 40 children with Crouzon syndrome (18 boys and 22 girls, aged 4.0 to 17.9 years) and 28 children with Apert syndrome (10 boys and 18 girls, aged 3.9 to 15.1 years) were referred to the Department of Orthodontics, Cleft Palate Team and Craniofacial Team, Erasmus MC–Sophia. Data from syndromic children were compared with data from 451 nonsyndromic children (225 boys and 226 girls, aged 2.9 to 16.9 years). From panoramic radiographs, dental maturation was determined for patients with Crouzon and Apert syndromes and compared with data collected from control children. Logistic functions were constructed for dental maturation over time for syndromes and gender. Results Statistically significant gender differences in dental maturation scores were found for girls with Crouzon ( P < .05) and Apert syndrome ( P < .05). Patients with Apert syndrome demonstrated a significantly delayed dental maturation ( P < .05), while patients with Crouzon syndrome showed a nonsignificant delay. Conclusions Dental maturation in patients with Apert syndrome was more delayed than in patients with Crouzon syndrome. The delay of tooth formation in patients with Crouzon or Apert syndrome suggests a possible common genetic association.
Microparticles and their Roles in Inflammation: A Review§
Authors: Batool Syeda , Abbasian Nima , Burton James O. , Stover Cordula 
Published: September 2013

Microparticles (MPs) were long dismissed as “platelet-dust”, cell debris, with no functional significance. Theyare anucleated vesicles (0.1μm to 1μm), enclosed in a membrane, secretedinto the circulation by cells during cell activation or apoptosis. They have now emerged as mediators and markers of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. They are distinctly different from exosomes and apoptotic bodiesand are released from nearly every cell type, the most abundant being platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. MPs can be detected using flow cytometry and more recently by nanotechnology, which is more accuratein detecting, quantifying and phenotypingMPs.
MPs are instrumental in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (thrombotic and atherosclerotic) through their pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant properties. Their levels are significantly elevated in chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. However, increasing evidence suggests they also possess antiinflammatory and anti-coagulant roles which could confer immunoprotection. MPs transport various lipids, proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) which may influence activities of receiving cells. Particularly the miRNAspecies delivered by MPs have been shown to modulate inflammation.

In vitro and in vivo studies are being conducted to bioengineer MPs to facilitate delivery of therapeutic compounds to desired location safely, specifically and more effectively, with fewer side effects. More research is required to understand the composition, origin, mechanisms of formation and release as well as their clearance from the circulation to pave way for gaining greater pharmacological benefits by controlling MP-mediated cellular responses.
Photoluminescence of HgCdTe nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs
Authors: Izhnin I. , Izhnin A. , Mynbaev K. , Bazhenov N. , Shilyaev A. , Mikhailov N. , Varavin V. , Dvoretsky S. , Fitsych O. , Voitsekhovsky A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) of HgCdTe-based hetero-epitaxial nanostructures with 50 to 1100 nm-wide potential wells was studied. The nanostructures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. A strong degree of alloy disorder was found in the material, which led to the broadening of the PL spectra and a considerable Stokes shift that could be traced up to temperature T∼230 K. Annealing of the structures improved the ordering and led to the increase in the PL intensity. A remarkable feature of the PL was an unexpectedly small decrease of its intensity with temperature increasing from 84 to 300 K. This effect can be related to localization of carriers at potential fluctuations and to the specific character of Auger-type processes in HgCdTe-based nanostructures.
Engineering the point spread function of layered metamaterials
Authors: Pastuszczak A. , Stolarek M. , Kotyński R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLayered metal-dielectric metamaterials have filtering properties both in the frequency domain and in the spatial frequency domain. Engineering their spatial filtering response is a way of designing structures with specific diffraction properties for such applications as sub-diffraction imaging, supercollimation, or optical signal processing at the nanoscale. In this paper we review the recent progress in this field.We also present a numerical optimization framework for layered metamaterials, based on the use of evolutionary algorithms. A measure of similarity obtained using Hölder’s inequality is adapted to construct the overall criterion function. We analyse the influence of surface roughness on the quality of imaging.
Pedal Bone Density, Strength, Orientation, and Plantar Loads Preceding Incipient Metatarsal Fracture After Charcot Neuroarthropathy: 2 Case Reports
Authors: Gutekunst David J. , Sinacore David R. 
Published: September 2013

Study Design Case report. Background Charcot neuroarthropathy is a progressive, noninfective, inflammatory destruction of bones and joints leading to foot deformities and plantar ulceration. Though individuals with Charcot neuroarthropathy typically have low areal bone mineral density, little is known regarding changes in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry, joint malalignment, and biomechanical loads preceding fracture. Case Description Two women, aged 45 and 54 years at the onset of an acute, nonfracture Charcot neuroarthropathy event, received regular physical therapy with wound care and total-contact casting. Both enrolled in a larger research study that included plantar pressure assessment and quantitative computed tomography at enrollment and 3, 6, and 12 months later. The women sustained mid-diaphyseal fifth metatarsal fracture 10 to 11 months after enrollment. Quantitative computed tomography image-analysis techniques were used to measure vBMD; bone geometric indices reflecting strength in compression, bending, and cortical buckling; and 3-D bone-to-bone orientation angles reflecting foot deformity. Outcomes Fifth metatarsal mid-diaphyseal vBMD decreased during offloading treatment from 0 to 3 months, then increased to above baseline levels by 6 months. All geometric strength indices improved from baseline through 6 months. Plantar loading in the lateral midfoot increased preceding fracture, concomitant with alterations in bone orientation angles, which suggest progressive development of metatarsus adductus and equinovarus foot deformity. Discussion Fractures may occur when bone strength decreases or when biomechanical loading increases. Incipient fracture was preceded by increased loading in the lateral midfoot but not by reductions in vBMD or geometric strength indices, suggesting that loading played a greater role in fracture. Moreover, the progression of foot deformities may be causally linked to the increased plantar loading. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):744–751. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4443