bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnational project work: practices creating knowing
Authors: Hydle Katja Maria , Joachim Breunig Karl 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how practices creating knowing can be enabled in project work.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on an exploratory, in‐depth case study of an international professional service firm (IPSF) and local and transnational project work to deliver services. Project work is investigated through a practice approach.FindingsIn transnational project work, three knowing practices are identified – networking, doing, and sorting – and three practices of creating new knowing – finding, learning, and probing.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough only one organization was studied, the research presented shows that knowledge creation and project work benefit from a practice perspective to highlight the enacted aspects of knowing and new knowing.Practical implicationsThe findings show that different project phases enable the necessary knowing and/or new knowing practices through a differentiated focus on social interaction and contacts on the one hand and the use of materials, documents, systems and infrastructure on the other.Originality/valueThe paper extends earlier research and shows that practices of knowing involve more than doing and practices of creating knowing involve more than learning. A conceptual understanding of knowing‐who, knowing‐how, and knowing‐what is developed to identify the knowing and new knowing while appreciating their interrelations. Further, the paper shows how the project phases and the practices can be better enabled through a differentiated focus on the social and the material use.
Observation's role in technically complex project implementation: the social autopoietic system view
Authors: Koskinen Kaj U. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore what the role of individuals' observations is in the implementation of technically complex projects.Design/methodology/approachInitially essential theoretical information is presented, by reviewing the concepts of systemic view and autopoiesis. Then the notion of communication is described focusing on Niklas Luhmann's theory on communication in social autopoietic systems. After that follows an illustration of the concept of technical complexity in projects. Next notions of problem and problem solving are highlighted. Then follows the main content of this paper; namely descriptions of the concepts of observation and distinction making focusing particularly on the Spencer Brown's ideas of these concepts. And finally, the paper deals with the notion of importance of shared understanding.FindingsThe project team members act under the limitations of their subjective observations. However, individuals' observations play an important role in the implementation of technically complex projects.Originality/valueLiterature dealing with systems – projects in this case – has largely ignored the problem of the observer simply discussing the characteristics of different types of systems as if they were observer‐independent. Obviously, there seems to be a need to shed new light on the issues: observer and observation.
An analysis of the issues in developing research universities in China
Authors: Wanbing Shi 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out the problems in the contemporary development of Chinese research universities and think about relevant measures and policy for promotion.Design/methodology/approachAfter over 20 years practice, China has made quite significant achievements in developing research universities, yet there are still some issues that exist. Analyzing the issues and the effects of existing policies for construction and development of China's research universities, and looking back at practices guided by these polices, the study proposes new dimensions in the measures and policies, on the bases of the achievements that have been made.FindingsThis paper analyzes the current situation of China's research university development and reveals that the critical issues, such as faculty qualities, academic freedom, post‐graduate education, initiative research outcome, and internationalization, etc. must be highlighted and solved.Originality/valueTo further progress it is important to analyze the problems of developing research university development in the existing higher education system. The policy implication of this paper lies in that the results can be a reference for policy makers and the HEI administrations.
Key factors in the technological catch‐up of China's traditional industry
Authors: Wang He‐Chun , Su Jing‐Qin , Cao Hui‐Ling 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe color TV industry in China has become a mature industry. Its development demonstrates and provides reference implications for how developing industries within a country can achieve a technological leap. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory case study approach is taken to find the key factors in the technological catch‐up of China's traditional industry.FindingsIn the study it is found that China's color TV industry, as a mature traditional industry, has four‐dimensional key factors affecting the catch‐up of technology in the flat‐panel stage: market; merger and acquisition; international cooperation innovation for patent; and the roles of internal reform. “Market” is the window of opportunity and challenge; “merger and acquisition” is the key factor for making the patent convert from external mode to internal mode by deviant‐track. The “international cooperation innovation for patent” is also a key factor to ensure achievement of technology catch‐up and sustainable technological innovation. The role of internal reform promoter is the key factor in the technological catch‐up process in which taking entrepreneur as the core.Originality/valueThe article describes Changhong's flat‐panel TV technology catch‐up mode, analyzes four‐dimensional key factors affecting the technology catch‐up of China's color TV industry; the Chinese color TV industry as mature industry; and discusses which developments have demonstrated how to achieve a technological leap in developing industries.
When knowledge married capital: the birth of academic enterprise
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate knowledge‐capital relationship through tracking the history of knowledge commercialization.Design/methodology/approachTheoretical exploration, historical evidence and interviews are used in this research. Firstly it recalls the convergence of academic knowledge and industrial capital. Then the knowledge‐capital marriage is observed. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of the marriage on future enterprise development.FindingsThe combination of knowledge and capital is inevitable; the knowledge‐capital marriage is the origin of contemporary academic enterprise; the future enterprise will more rely on knowledge‐capital combination.Originality/valueThis study is helpful to policymaking: to promote the combination of knowledge and capital in less developed countries or regions, achieving knowledge‐capital interaction in innovation system.
Smart regulation, shifting architectures and changes in governance
Authors: Eccles Timothy , Pointing John 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe paper explores theories of regulation by examining their consistency and fit with the development of smart regulation, better regulation and self‐regulation. It achieves this through the use of two case studies. Building control is offered as an example of deregulation, the 1980s approach to “smart” regulation, whilst the Primary Authority scheme is provided as an example of current thinking. The paper develops an explanation of how these shifting regulatory architectures have generated current views of how to manage the issue of regulation and then proposes a framework to explain how professional and local authority regulation works and can be made to work better.Design/methodology/approachAnalytical, as a preliminary to testing theoretical constructs by further empirical research. The paper examines case studies to draw out the drivers for regulatory practice and then establishes a model from this as the basis for further work.FindingsThe use of Giddens's concept of Late Modernity is useful in describing the loss of authority by traditional regulators and explaining the adoption of “smart” regulation by others seeking to dominate regulation. A lack of theoretical definition as to what is meant by smart regulation can be countered by the development of constructs, such as the regulatory “triptych” developed here.Practical implicationsThe development of a structure for professional and local authority regulation allows researchers to place developments in smart regulation in context. It also allows those newly emerging dominant authorities, in Giddens's terms, to be encouraged to develop a higher quality form of regulation.Originality/valueThe paper generates a grounded set of concepts that have explanatory efficacy.
Information and communications technologies in the age of globalization
Authors: Edoho Felix M. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the challenges and opportunities for implementing ICTs in Africa. It identifies potential areas that ICTs can be targeted and implemented for maximum in the region, and offers an integrated framework that could help the region to coordinate various components and institutionalize ICTs in the economy. It is argued that Africa needs an integrated approach to leverage ICTs for socioeconomic development.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews African theoretical perspectives of ICTs. Synthesizing literature on African perspectives of ICTs, an integrated framework is developed to help provide a coherent focus for the implementation of ICTs in a holistic manner.FindingsBasic systems for leveraging ICTs for development in Africa are fragmented and uncoordinated. Critical physical infrastructure and human capacity do not work synergistically to effectively implement ICTs. Where the basic infrastructure exists, various components do not operate synergistically to engender optimal results.Practical implicationsIdeas formulated in this study will be helpful to future researchers relative to how various ICT components could be systematized and managed to stimulate sustainable socioeconomic development and structural changes in Africa. The framework will help to guide policymakers to design and implement ICT‐friendly policies and strategies.Originality/valueA systemic framework is developed to help policymakers in Africa to institutionalize ICTs in their economies.
Characterization and recombinant protein expression of ferritin light chain homologue in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Hong Sun Mee , Mon Hiroaki , Lee Jae Man , Kusakabe Takahiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe silkworm genome encodes three iron storage proteins or ferritins, Fer1HCH, Fer2LCH, and Fer3HCH. Probing our EST library constructed from 1‐day‐old silkworm eggs revealed only Fer2LCH mRNA, which encoded for a protein with a predicted putative N‐glycosylation site. Developmental and tissue expression analyses during embryogenesis revealed that Fer2LCH mRNA was abundant from 6 h to 6 days after oviposition. Transcriptional expression of Fer2LCH during the postembryonic stage is also high in the larval fat body and mid‐gut, and then is upregulated in all pupal tissues tested. We found that Fer2LCH mRNA contains an iron‐responsive element, suggesting this ferritin subunit is subject to translational control. Although ferritin expression has been shown to increase following immune challenge in other insects, the levels of Fer2LCH mRNA were not significantly induced following viral or bacterial infection of Bombyx mori. Using a baculovirus expression system we expressed recombinant BmFer2LCH protein, which was detectable in the cytoplasmic fraction, likely in a compartment of the secretory pathway, and was shown to undergo posttranslational modifications including N‐glycosylation. In particular, rBmFer2LCH carbohydrate chains were composed of mannose and GlcNAc. We suggest that Fer2LCH is important for iron homeostasis and maintaining normal organ function in silkworms.
Assessing bacterial diversity in a seawater‐processing wastewater treatment plant by 454‐pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and amoA genes
Authors: Sánchez Olga , Ferrera Isabel , González Jose M. , Mas Jordi 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe bacterial community composition of activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (Almería, Spain) with the particularity of using seawater was investigated by applying 454‐pyrosequencing. The results showed that Deinococcus‐Thermus, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant retrieved sequences, while other groups, such as Actinobacteria, Chlorobi, Deferribacteres, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes and Verrumicrobia were reported at lower proportions. Rarefaction analysis showed that very likely the diversity is higher than what could be described despite most of the unknown microorganisms probably correspond to rare diversity. Furthermore, the majority of taxa could not be classified at the genus level and likely represent novel members of these groups. Additionally, the nitrifiers in the sludge were characterized by pyrosequencing the amoA gene. In contrast, the nitrifying bacterial community, dominated by the genera Nitrosomonas, showed a low diversity and rarefaction curves exhibited saturation. These results suggest that only a few populations of low abundant but specialized bacteria are responsible for removal of ammonia in these saline wastewater systems.
Diabetes and cancer relationships (糖尿病与肿瘤的关联性)
Authors: Wang Tiange , Ning Guang , Bloomgarden Zachary 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiabetes and cancer are both heterogeneous and multifactorial diseases with tremendous impact on health worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain malignancies may be associated with diabetes, as well as with diabetes risk factors and, perhaps, with certain diabetes treatments. Numerous biological mechanisms could account for these relationships. Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1, IGF‐2, IGF‐1 receptors, insulin, and the insulin receptor play roles in the development and progression of cancers. Although evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support or refute associations of diabetes and its treatments with either increased or reduced risk of cancer incidence or prognosis, consideration of malignancy incidence rates and the magnitude of the trials that would be required to address these issues explains why such studies may not be readily undertaken.
Weighted Poisson and Semiparametric Kernel Models Applied to Parasite Growth
Authors: Kiessé Tristan Senga , Mizère Dominique 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThis work deals with some parametric and semiparametric modeling approaches for count data distributions related to development of spiraling whitefly which is an insect pest collected in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. In this study, the count data distributions are assumed to be modified Poisson probability mass functions. For the discrete semiparametric associated kernel estimator investigated, its almost sure consistency and asymptotic normality are shown under some asumptions. Some weighted Poisson models (WPD) are applied in comparison with the semiparametric approach for finite samples characterizing the growth of spiraling whitefly. Finally, the discrete semiparametric estimation is simple and effective for estimating any count distribution while WPD are practically more meaningful.
‘Two‐step’ head‐to‐body delivery activates foetal gluconeogenesis
Authors: Zanardo Vincenzo , de Luca Federico , Trevisanuto Daniele , Simbi Alphonse , Scambia Giovanni , Straface Gianluca 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe ‘two‐step’ head‐to‐body delivery method, which involves waiting for the next contraction to deliver the shoulders, causes a decrease in umbilical artery pH. The aim of this study was to assess whether foetal acidemia activates gluconeogenesis.MethodsWe tested umbilical artery cord blood glucose concentration and pH after 341 spontaneous and 25 vacuum extractor ‘two‐step’ vaginal deliveries (VD) and after 85 elective and 49 emergency caesarean sections (CS).ResultsCord blood glucose concentration was significantly higher (95.5 ± 21.4 mg/dL vs 75.6 ± 16.4, p < 0.001), and pH values significantly lower (7.31 ± 0.09 vs 7.33 ± 0.06, p = 0.003) in ‘two‐step’ VD neonates than in CS delivered neonates. In addition, cord blood glucose concentration was significantly higher (101.4 ± 30.6 mg/dL, p = 0.004), and pH values were significantly lower (7.26 ± 0.10, p < 0.001) in VD by vacuum extractor than in all other groups. The cord blood glucose concentration is significantly and negatively correlated with pH in the study population (r = −0.094, p = 0.036) and strongly significantly and negatively correlated in VD by vacuum extractor (r = −0.594, p = 0.007).ConclusionCord blood glucose concentrations are significantly higher and pH values significantly lower in ‘two‐step’ VD neonates, indicating activated foetal gluconeogenesis.
Phase I/II study of bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisolone for previously untreated Japanese patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Ogawa Yoshiaki , Suzuki Kenshi , Sakai Akira , Iida Shinsuke , Ogura Michinori , Tobinai Kensei , Matsumoto Morio , Matsue Kosei , Terui Yasuhito , Ohashi Kazuteru , Ishii Masami , Mukai Harumi Y. , Ando Kiyoshi , Hotta Tomomitsu 
Published: April 2013

This phase I/II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisolone in Japanese patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who are ineligible for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. One hundred and one patients were enrolled, and 99 patients received up to nine 6‐week cycles of bortezomib (0.7/1.0/1.3 mg/m2) on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29, and 32 in cycles 1–4 and on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 in cycles 5–9, with melphalan (9 mg/m2) and prednisolone (60 mg/m2) on days 1–4 of each cycle. The recommended dose was determined in the phase I portion, and the overall response rate and safety of bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisolone at the recommended dose were assessed in the phase II portion. The recommended dose of bortezomib was determined to be 1.3 mg/m2. Grade 3 or higher non‐hematological adverse events included diarrhea (12%) and peripheral neuropathy (10%); grade 4 hematological adverse events included lymphopenia (41%), neutropenia (30%), and thrombocytopenia (22%). Eleven patients had lung injury associated with bortezomib; two had grade 3 disease, and the other nine had grade 1 or 2 disease. Of the 86 patients treated with 1.3‐mg/m2 bortezomib in phases I and II, the median number of treatment cycles was 4.5, and the overall response rate was 70% (95% confidence interval: 59–79%). Bortezomib‐melphalan‐prednisolone with 1.3‐mg/m2 bortezomib was considered to be tolerable and effective in Japanese patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. However, further investigation is needed to refine the administration schedule.
Developmental Mechanisms Underlying the Legacy of Childhood Experiences
Authors: Roisman Glenn I. , Fraley R. Chris 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDevelopmental scientists tend to address questions about mechanism in ways that, ironically, are not especially developmental. More specifically, although we now have a great deal of data that suggest that childhood experiences have implications for human development, we know little about the time course of such effects or the dynamic mechanisms that might sustain them. Why? Because longitudinal data are rarely analyzed in a manner that can probe the developmental mechanisms by which earlier experiences are carried forward over time. In this article, we explore this paradox in detail, propose a solution, and review a set of published examples that implement the solution with a focus on the predictive significance of early maternal sensitivity. We conclude with suggestions for work in this area.
GLP‐1 and peptide YY secretory response after fat load is impaired by insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese subjects
Authors: Fernández‐García José C. , Murri Mora , Coin‐Aragüez Leticia , Alcaide Juan , El Bekay Rajaa , Tinahones Francisco J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryObjectiveBoth glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) are gut hormones involved in energy homoeostasis. Obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia are significant confounders when GLP‐1 and PYY secretion is assessed. Thus, we evaluated GLP‐1 and PYY response after fat load in morbidly obese patients with different degrees of insulin resistance and glycemic status.DesignWe studied 40 morbidly obese subjects (mean age, 40·6 ± 1·3 years; mean BMI, 53·1 ± 1·2 kg/m2) divided into groups according to their glycemic status: normal fasting glucose (NFG) group, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) group and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) group. NFG patients were additionally subclassified, according to the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), into a low insulin‐resistance (LIR) group (HOMAIR <3·9) or a high insulin‐resistance (HIR) group (HOMAIR ≥3·9).MeasurementsLipid emulsion was administered orally and measurements made at baseline and 180 min postprandially of levels of GLP‐1, PYY, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides and leptin.ResultsAt the 180‐minute postprandial reading, GLP‐1 and PYY had increased in LIR‐NFG subjects (41·84%, P = 0·01; 35·7%, P = 0·05; respectively), whereas no changes were observed in HIR‐NFG, IFG or T2D subjects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that in morbidly obese subjects, both insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism (IFG or T2D) impair the GLP‐1 and PYY response to fat load. The implications of this attenuated enteroendocrine response should be elucidated by further studies.
Nevoid follicular mucinosis: a new type of hair follicle nevus
Authors: Tadini Gianluca , Boldrini Maria P. , Brena Michela , Pezzani Lidia , Marchesi Lorenzo , Rongioletti Franco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFollicular mucinosis represents a term for a histopathologic reaction pattern in follicular epithelium. It is a characteristic of alopecia mucinosa. However, it may also occur in a variety of unrelated conditions. Epidermal nevi are considered to be hamartomatous disorders and they can show a predominant component of non‐organoid (keratinocytes) and/or organoid nevi. All the cases of epidermal nevi described with mucin deposits until now are reported as mucinous nevus or mucinous eccrine nevus; in the first type of disorder, diffuse mucin deposition is only seen in the papillary dermis, and in the second type, the mucin is found around the proliferation of eccrine structures. We believe this is the first reported case of epidermal nevus along Blaschko's lines exhibiting typical microscopic findings of mucinosis exclusively distributed inside the follicular epithelia.