bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANKL Inhibition With Denosumab Does Not Influence 3-Year Progression of Aortic Calcification or Incidence of Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Samelson Elizabeth J , Miller Paul D , Christiansen Claus , Daizadeh Nadia S , Grazette Luanda , Anthony Mary S , Egbuna Ogo , Wang Andrea , Siddhanti Suresh R , Cheung Angela M , Franchimont Nathalie , Kiel Douglas P 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are chronic diseases that progress with age, and studies suggest aortic calcification, an indicator of atherosclerosis, is inversely associated with bone mineral density (BMD). The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) system has been proposed as a shared regulatory system for bone and vasculature. Denosumab (DMAb), a monoclonal antibody against RANKL, improved BMD and reduced fracture risk in the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial. We evaluated whether or not treatment with DMAb influenced progression of aortic calcification (AC) and incidence of cardiovascular (CV) adverse events. We included 2363 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (1142 placebo, 1221 DMAb), selected from 7808 participants in the FREEDOM trial (3906 placebo, 3902 DMAb), at high risk of CV events according to modified Raloxifene Use for the Heart (RUTH) criteria. CV adverse events were reported by participants. AC scores were assessed using a semiquantitative method from lateral spine X-rays. Change in AC score from baseline to 12 (n = 1377), 24 (n = 1231), and 36 months (n = 1045) was calculated as AC score at follow-up minus AC score at baseline. AC progression was defined as change in AC score &gt;0. Baseline characteristics, CV risk factors, and AC scores were similar between treatment groups. Mean age of participants was 74 years (range, 60–90), 88% were white, and 77% had AC score &gt;0 at baseline. Frequency of AC progression over 3 years did not differ between women in placebo (22%) and DMAb (22%) groups (p = 0.98). AC progression did not differ between treatment groups when analyzed by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate or by baseline AC scores. Frequency of CV adverse events did not differ between placebo (40%) and DMAb (38%) groups (p = 0.26). In conclusion, DMAb treatment had no effect on progression of AC or incidence of CV adverse events compared to placebo. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Sclerostin-Independent Bone Anabolic Activity of Intermittent PTH Treatment Is Mediated by T-Cell–Produced Wnt10b
Authors: Li Jau-Yi , Walker Lindsey D , Tyagi Abdul Malik , Adams Jonathan , Weitzmann M Neale , Pacifici Roberto 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Both blunted osteocytic production of the Wnt inhibitor sclerostin (Scl) and increased T-cell production of the Wnt ligand Wnt10b contribute to the bone anabolic activity of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment. However, the relative contribution of these mechanisms is unknown. In this study, we modeled the repressive effects of iPTH on Scl production in mice by treatment with a neutralizing anti-Scl antibody (Scl-Ab) to determine the contribution of T-cell–produced Wnt10b to the Scl-independent modalities of action of iPTH. We report that combined treatment with Scl-Ab and iPTH was more potent than either iPTH or Scl-Ab alone in increasing stromal cell production of OPG, osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast life span, bone turnover, bone mineral density, and trabecular bone volume and structure in mice with T cells capable of producing Wnt10b. In T-cell–null mice and mice lacking T-cell production of Wnt10b, combined treatment increased bone turnover significantly more than iPTH or Scl-Ab alone. However, in these mice, combined treatment with Scl-Ab and iPTH was equally effective as Scl-Ab alone in increasing the osteoblastic pool, bone volume, density, and structure. These findings demonstrate that the Scl-independent activity of iPTH on osteoblasts and bone mass is mediated by T-cell–produced Wnt10b. The data provide a proof of concept of a more potent therapeutic effect of combined treatment with iPTH and Scl-Ab than either alone. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Predicts Vertebral Fractures in Japanese Women Over 10 Years Independently of Bone Density and Prevalent Vertebral Deformity: The Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study
Authors: Iki Masayuki , Tamaki Junko , Kadowaki Eiko , Sato Yuho , Dongmei Namiraa , Winzenrieth Renaud , Kagamimori Sadanobu , Kagawa Yoshiko , Yoneshima Hideo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Bone strength is predominantly determined by bone density, but bone microarchitecture also plays an important role. We examined whether trabecular bone score (TBS) predicts the risk of vertebral fractures in a Japanese female cohort. Of 1950 randomly selected women aged 15 to 79 years, we analyzed data from 665 women aged 50 years and older, who completed the baseline study and at least one follow-up survey over 10 years, and who had no conditions affecting bone metabolism. Each survey included spinal imaging by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for vertebral fracture assessment and spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurement. TBS was obtained from spine DXA scans archived in the baseline study. Incident vertebral fracture was determined when vertebral height was reduced by 20% or more and satisfied McCloskey-Kanis criteria or Genant's grade 2 fracture at follow-up. Among eligible women (mean age 64.1 ± 8.1 years), 92 suffered incident vertebral fractures (16.7/103 person-years). These women were older with lower aBMD and TBS values relative to those without fractures. The unadjusted odds ratio of vertebral fractures for one standard deviation decrease in TBS was 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56, 2.51) and remained significant (1.64, 95% CI 1.25, 2.15) after adjusting for aBMD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of TBS and aBMD combined was 0.700 for vertebral fracture prediction and was not significantly greater than that of aBMD alone (0.673). However, reclassification improvement measures indicated that TBS and aBMD combined significantly improved risk prediction accuracy compared with aBMD alone. Further inclusion of age and prevalent vertebral deformity in the model improved vertebral fracture prediction, and TBS remained significant in the model. Thus, lower TBS was associated with higher risk of vertebral fracture over 10 years independently of aBMD and clinical risk factors including prevalent vertebral deformity. TBS could effectively improve fracture risk assessment in clinical settings. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mortality After Lower Extremity Fractures in Men With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Carbone Laura D , Chin Amy S , Burns Stephen P , Svircev Jelena N , Hoenig Helen , Heggeness Michael , Bailey Lauren , Weaver Frances 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

In the United States, there are over 200,000 men with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) who are at risk for lower limb fractures. The risk of mortality after fractures in SCI is unknown. This was a population-based, cohort study of all male veterans (mean age 54.1; range, 20.3–100.5 years) with a traumatic SCI of at least 2 years' duration enrolled in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Spinal Cord Dysfunction Registry from FY2002 to FY2010 to determine the association between lower extremity fractures and mortality. Mortality for up to 5 years was determined. The lower extremity fracture rate was 2.14 per 100 patient-years at risk for at least one fracture. In unadjusted models and in models adjusted for demographic, SCI-related factors, healthcare use, and comorbidities, there was a significant association between incident lower extremity fracture and increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.63; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15–1.61, respectively). In complete SCI, the hazard of death after lower extremity fracture was also increased (unadjusted model: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13–1.89; adjusted model: HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02–1.71). In fully-adjusted models, the association of incident lower extremity fracture with increased mortality was substantially greater in older men (age ≥50 years) for the entire cohort (HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.75–4.25) and for those with complete SCI (HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 2.19–4.45), compared to younger men (age &lt;50 years) (entire cohort: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.94–2.14; complete SCI: HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.98–3.01). Every additional point in the Charlson comorbidity index was associated with a 10% increase in the hazard of death in models involving the entire cohort (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09–1.13) and also in models limited to men with complete SCI (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06–1.15). These data support the concept that both the fracture itself and underlying comorbidities are drivers of death in men with SCI. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Relationship of Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index With Fracture Risk at Different Sites in Postmenopausal Women: The Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW)
Authors: Compston Juliet E , Flahive Julie , Hosmer David W , Watts Nelson B , Siris Ethel S , Silverman Stuart , Saag Kenneth G , Roux Christian , Rossini Maurizio , Pfeilschifter Johannes , Nieves Jeri W , Netelenbos J Coen , March Lyn , LaCroix Andrea Z , Hooven Frederick H , Greenspan Susan L , Gehlbach Stephen H , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Cooper Cyrus , Chapurlat Roland D , Boonen Steven , Anderson Frederick A , Adami Silvano , Adachi Jonathan D ,   for the GLOW Investigators
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Low body mass index (BMI) is a well-established risk factor for fracture in postmenopausal women. Height and obesity have also been associated with increased fracture risk at some sites. We investigated the relationships of weight, BMI, and height with incident clinical fracture in a practice-based cohort of postmenopausal women participating in the Global Longitudinal study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW). Data were collected at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 years. For hip, spine, wrist, pelvis, rib, upper arm/shoulder, clavicle, ankle, lower leg, and upper leg fractures, we modeled the time to incident self-reported fracture over a 3-year period using the Cox proportional hazards model and fitted the best linear or nonlinear models containing height, weight, and BMI. Of 52,939 women, 3628 (6.9%) reported an incident clinical fracture during the 3-year follow-up period. Linear BMI showed a significant inverse association with hip, clinical spine, and wrist fractures: adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) per increase of 5 kg/m2 were 0.80 (0.71–0.90), 0.83 (0.76–0.92), and 0.88 (0.83–0.94), respectively (all p &lt; 0.001). For ankle fractures, linear weight showed a significant positive association: adjusted HR per 5-kg increase 1.05 (1.02–1.07) (p &lt; 0.001). For upper arm/shoulder and clavicle fractures, only linear height was significantly associated: adjusted HRs per 10-cm increase were 0.85 (0.75–0.97) (p = 0.02) and 0.73 (0.57–0.92) (p = 0.009), respectively. For pelvic and rib fractures, the best models were for nonlinear BMI or weight (p = 0.05 and 0.03, respectively), with inverse associations at low BMI/body weight and positive associations at high values. These data demonstrate that the relationships between fracture and weight, BMI, and height are site-specific. The different associations may be mediated, at least in part, by effects on bone mineral density, bone structure and geometry, and patterns of falling. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dietary Acid Load Is Associated With Lower Bone Mineral Density in Men With Low Intake of Dietary Calcium
Authors: Mangano Kelsey M , Walsh Stephen J , Kenny Anne M , Insogna Karl L , Kerstetter Jane E 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

High dietary acid load (DAL) may be detrimental to bone mineral density (BMD). The objectives of the study were to: (1) evaluate the cross-sectional relation between DAL and BMD; and (2) determine whether calcium intake modifies this association. Men (n = 1218) and women (n = 907) aged ≥60 years were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008. Nutrient intake from 2, 24-hour recalls was used to calculate net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and potential renal acid load (PRAL) (mEq/d). PRAL was calculated from dietary calcium (PRALdiet) and diet + supplemental calcium (PRALtotal). Tests for linear trend in adjusted mean BMD of the hip and lumbar spine were performed across energy-adjusted NEAP and PRAL quartiles. Modification by calcium intake (dietary or total) above or below 800 mg/d was assessed by interaction terms. Overall, mean age was 69 ± 0.3 years. Among women, there was no association between NEAP and BMD. PRALdiet was positively associated with proximal femur BMD (p trend = 0.04). No associations were observed with PRALtotal at any BMD site (p range, 0.38–0.82). Among men, no significant associations were observed between BMD and NEAP or PRAL. However, an interaction between PRALdiet and calcium intake was observed with proximal femur BMD (p = 0.08). An inverse association between PRALdiet and proximal femur BMD was detected among men with &lt;800 mg/d dietary calcium (p = 0.02); no associations were found among men with ≥800 mg/d (p = 0.98). A significant interaction with PRALtotal was not observed. In conclusion, when supplemental calcium is considered, there is no association between DAL and BMD among adults. Men with low dietary calcium showed an inverse relation with PRAL at the proximal femur; in women no interaction was observed. This study highlights the importance of calcium intake in counteracting the adverse effect of DAL on bone health. Further research should determine the relation between DAL and change in BMD with very low calcium intake. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Newly Synthesized 4‐Thiazolidinones
Authors: Abdul‐kader Saleh Nabil , El‐abd Saltani Hussein , Abbas Al‐Issa Fadhil , Gomaa Melad Al‐Sadek 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe antimicrobial activity of thirteen newly synthesized 4‐thiazolidinones (TZONs) and four dithiolane derivatives was assessed against susceptible and resistant bacteria, including MRSA, as well as Candida albicans. The structure‐activity relationships revealed that 4‐Thiazolidinone derivatives harboring p‐chlorophenyl and dicarboxyethyl at the 2‐ethenyl and 5‐arylidine positions of the thiazolidinone ring display considerable antibacterial properties. No antifungal activity was recorded by all tested compounds against Candida albicans. The possible potentiative (synergistic) effect of the most active compounds to a few commercial antibiotics was also investigated.
Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity of Newly Synthesized 4‐Thiazolidinones
Authors: Abdul‐Kader Saleh Nabil , El‐Abd Saltani Hussein , Abbas Al‐Issa Fadhil , Abul‐kasem Errabie Ahmad , Gomaa Melad Al‐Sadek 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe antifungal and antioxidant activities of thirty newly synthesized 4‐thiazolidinone (TZON) derivatives were assessed against some fungal species including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The introduction of different arylidene moieties at 5‐positions of the thiazolidinone ring successfully enhanced its biological activity. The structure–activity relationships revealed that 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives harboring dicarboxyethyl (at the 2‐ethenyl) and p‐nitrophenylhydrazyl arm (at the 5‐arylidine positions of the thiazolidinone ring) display considerable antifungal and antioxidant properties.
An Environmental Friendly Approach for the Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3′,2‐quinazoline]2′,4(3H)‐dione Using 1‐Methylimidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate, as Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Kefayati Hassan , Vazifeh Masoumeh , Kazemi‐Rad Reyhaneh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA facile and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of 3‐aryl‐1H‐spiro[indoline‐3′,2‐quin‐azoline]2′,4(3H)‐dione from isatoic anhydride, aromatic amines and isatin derivatives in Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, 1‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, was reported. The ability to reuse the ionic liquid, the high yield, short reaction time and ease of purification are the important features of this process.
Automated Sequential‐injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Glucosamine Sulphate via Luminol‐Hydrogen Peroxide System
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal A. , El‐Tohamy Maha F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA highly sensitive automated sequential‐injection chemiluminescence (SIA‐CL) method for determination of glucosamine sulphate (GLS) was developed. The goal of the present work is the evaluation of the enhancement effect of the investigated drug glucosamine sulphate on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and H2O2 in alkaline medium of 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 sodium hydroxide at pH 11. The experimental conditions affecting the CL reaction such as the sequence of the reagents, concentrations, flow rate and aspirated volumes of reactants were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions 50 μL of 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 luminol, 30 μL of a GLS test solution and 50 μL of 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 H2O2 were used and the luminescing zone was pushed into the detector at a flow rate 100 μL s−1. The proposed method recorded high sensitivity, accuracy and simplicity that could be clarified as linear concentration range 1.0‐2000 ng mL−1 with rectilinear part (r = 0.9992, n = 9) and limit of detection 0.3 ng mL−1, along with relative standard deviation 1.3%. It was found that the developed method can be used directly to determine the investigated drug GLS in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and in spiked serum and urine by diluting the samples for a 1000 fold. The obtained results were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by the reported method.
Pretreatment of Miscanthus×giganteus using aqueous ammonia with hydrogen peroxide to increase enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars
Authors: Yu Guangren , Afzal Waheed , Yang Fuxin , Padmanabhan Sasisanker , Liu Zhongguo , Xie Hongxue , Shafy Mahmoud Abdel , Bell Alexis T. , Prausnitz John M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMiscanthus×giganteus (M.×giganteus) is a potential source for bioethanol or other useful products. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is an essential step prior to enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars and fermentation to bioethanol.RESULTSIn this work, a one‐step process uses aqueous ammonia with or without hydrogen peroxide; a proposed two‐step process uses aqueous ammonia in the first step and hydrogen peroxide in the second step. In the two‐step process, overall 89.5% lignin is removed. The pretreated biomass is followed by using cellulase and β‐glucosidase to convert cellulose and hemicellulose from the recovered solid to fermentable sugars. The conversion of cellulose to glucose is 90.2% and to xylose is 73.4%. Characterization data are obtained for the recovered solid using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection‐infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for better understanding of the two‐step process.CONCLUSIONResults from the two‐step process using aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide separately are much better than those from the one‐step process for removing lignin and for enhancing conversion to sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
THE EAST‐CENTRAL EUROPEAN NEW DONORS: MAPPING CAPACITY BUILDING AND REMAINING CHALLENGES
Authors: Szent‐Iványi Balázs , Tétényi András 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the past decade, the East‐Central European countries were provided significant external capacity building assistance to help their emergence as donors of foreign aid. This paper aims to map these capacity development programmes and identify where they have helped and what challenges remain for the new donors. The main conclusion is that although capacity building has been instrumental in building organisational structures, working procedures and training staff, deeper underlying problems such as low levels of financing, lacking political will, the need for visibility and low staff numbers continue to hinder the new international development policies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHALLENGES OF PROMOTING MULTIPLE ACCOUNTABILITIES IN FRAGILE CONTEXTS: EXPERIENCES OF A SWISS INTERNATIONAL NON‐GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION
Authors: Krösschell Celestine 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe findings of an applied research project on ‘Accountability in Fragile Contexts’ in Nepal, Bangladesh and Mozambique show that accountability lines are complex, blurred and multilinear. Particular challenges in promoting accountability are weak legislation, distrust and patron‐client relationships. Yet, especially in fragile contexts, transparency, accountability and inclusion of all stakeholders, they appear to be essential. Practising downward accountability can be an ‘incubator’ for social accountability, but international non‐governmental organisations must pay particular attention to the inclusion of marginalised women and men. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy suppresses osteoclast formation and bone resorption
Authors: Hadi Hadil Al , Smerdon Gary R. , Fox Simon W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe cellular and molecular mechanism through which hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) improves osteonecrosis (ON) is unclear. The present study therefore examined the effect of HBO, pressure and hyperoxia on RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation in RAW 264.7 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). Daily exposure to HBO (2.4 ATA, 97% O2, 90 min), hyperbaric pressure (2.4 ATA, 8.8% O2, 90 min) or normobaric hyperoxia (1 ATA, 95% O2, 90 min) significantly decreased RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in normoxic conditions. HBO had a more pronounced anti‐osteoclastic effect than hyperoxia or pressure alone and also directly inhibited osteoclast formation and resorption in hypoxic conditions a hallmark of many osteolytic skeletal disorders. The suppressive action of HBO was at least in part mediated through a reduction in RANK, NFATc1, and Dc‐STAMP expression and inhibition of hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α mRNA and protein expression. This data provides mechanistic evidence supporting the use of HBO as an adjunctive therapy to prevent osteoclast formation and bone loss associated with low oxygen partial pressure. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1839–1844, 2013