bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Industrial Relations Research Support Policy?
Authors: Rohlfer Sylvia 
Published: October 2013

This article reviews the English-speaking literature on Spanish and German industrial relations published in the top 10 journals in this field between 2000 and 2010. The analysis contributes to the ongoing debate about the relevance of industrial relations by establishing the state of the art in research on Spain in comparison to Germany. Following this assessment we then ask whether existing research on Spain is well situated to orient policymakers. The consequences of either normative or normative-free research have largely been overlooked; our discussion expands on two contrasting positions: suggesting a move away from ideology in research (Mitchell, 2001) or recommending normative assumptions as a necessary precondition (Frege, 2007) in the context of Spain.
Our findings reveal a greater convergence in research regarding its restricted multidisciplinary character, its focus on the international level and a strong emphasis on empirical, quantitative work with analysis conducted at various levels. At the same time, some path dependency continues to exist, particularly concerning the active participants in research and the subjects for investigation. The results point to deficiencies in research on Spanish industrial relations.
We conclude by advocating an openly stated, normative base in industrial relations research to guide policymakers in Spain. While an evidence-based approach in policy making is desirable, normative choices are highly consequential and should feature in research in order to avoid a “democratic shock” in Spain.
Prevalence of nonmusculoskeletal versus musculoskeletal cases in a chiropractic student clinic
Authors: Hodges Bruce R. , Cambron Jerrilyn A. , Klein Rachel M. , Madigan Dana M. 
Published: October 2013

Objective
We sought to identify the percentage of nonmusculoskeletal and musculoskeletal conditions treated by interns in the National University of Health Sciences (NUHS) Student Clinic compared to chiropractic and allopathic health care professionals.

Methods
The information gathered was taken from the charts of patients treated in the fall trimester, dated September 12, 2011 through December 9, 2011. The data collected included ICD-9 codes for the conditions treated, the number of patient visits, age, and gender, and was evaluated using Microsoft Excel.

Results
Over half of the 113 eligible patients were women with a mean patient age of 28 years, an average of three treated diagnoses, and a mean of seven treatments. Those treated only for musculoskeletal conditions totaled 52% of the patients; 48% of the patients were treated for nonmusculoskeletal conditions, or musculoskeletal plus nonmusculoskeletal conditions.

Conclusion
The NUHS Student Clinic interns are treating a greater percentage of nonmusculoskeletal conditions and a lesser percentage of musculoskeletal conditions than practicing chiropractic physicians. The student interns also treat a lesser percentage of nonmusculoskeletal and a greater percentage of musculoskeletal conditions than allopathic practitioners. This comparison would suggest that NUHS is nearing its institutional goal of training its student interns as primary care practitioners.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation ofCOandCNBonds in Stereoselective Synthesis
Authors: Andrushko Natalia , Andrushko Vasyl 
Published: October 2013

Asymmetric hydrogenation is the simplest way of creating new chiral centers, and the technology is continuing to be an industrial flagship for chiral synthesis. In particular, stereoselective hydrogenation of ketones and imines are of a great importance as it is providing an efficient access to the optically active alcohols and amines.This chapter is focused on a practical approach to homogeneous hydrogenations of CO and CN bonds to provide a variety of valuable, biologically active compounds and natural products under mild reaction conditions with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity and excellent atom economy. Asymmetric hydrogenation is a highly application‐oriented method, and therefore, examples of industrial applications of the relevant technologies are appropriately illustrated throughout the text.
Organocatalytic Reduction in Stereoselective Synthesis
Authors: Kortmann Felix , Minnaard Adriaan 
Published: October 2013

The synthesis of chiral, enantiopure molecules plays an important role in modern chemistry, as stereocenters are omnipresent in natural products and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, is it important to have versatile and reliable methods to introduce stereocenters during the synthesis.An upcoming, powerful way to construct stereocenters is asymmetric organocatalytic reduction. A given prochiral double bond is selectively reduced to give one of the two enantiomers or diastereomers in excess. As substrates, the functional groups containing CN, CO, or CC double bonds come into consideration. These can appear both in linear molecules (e.g., ketones) and in heteroaromatics like pyridine.Catalysis takes place by activation of either the substrate or the reducing agent, thereby also transferring the chiral information. Hydrazine, silanes, and Hantzsch esters are herein the most frequently used reducing agents.
NMRSpectroscopy in Drug and Natural Product Analysis
Authors: Witkowski Stanisław , Wawer Iwona 
Published: October 2013

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has grown into an indispensable tool for structure determination of new compounds and chemical analysis of natural products. This technique has found a wide range of applications from the characterization of synthetic products to the study of molecular structures of biological systems. This method is often used for studying structures and conformations, as well as for analyzing molecular interactions and motions. Although most NMR experiments are performed on liquid samples, solid‐state NMR is also rapidly growing as a powerful method for studying organic solids.The goal of this chapter is to show the utility of NMR spectroscopy for the study of low molecular structures in solution and its application as a tool for a routine analysis. Some solid‐state NMR studies are also included. Our interest will focus mostly on bioactive compounds, such as drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, and potential drugs, as well as on natural products, such as small‐molecular‐weight secondary metabolites produced by plants. A vital problem for chemists remains chiral discrimination, which can be assessed using NMR spectroscopy.
The Psymberin Story—Biological Properties and Approaches towards Total and Analogue Syntheses
Authors: Bielitza Max , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPsymberin is a marine natural product which has attracted a great deal of interest since its isolation: While the highly cytotoxic compound was detected early on as an ingredient in a marine sponge, it took over a decade and 600 additional samples for the structure to eventually be assigned. In the last eight years fascinating synthetic and biosynthetic investigations have led to a more detailed understanding as well as a new starting point for structure–activity studies towards new antitumor compounds. The Review gives an in‐depth insight into the progress in the field of the marine polyketide psymberin and demonstrates how organic synthesis is influencing neighboring scientific subjects.
Controllable Multicolor Upconversion Luminescence by Tuning the NaF Dosage
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Leyu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMulticolor upconversion (UC) luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles (NPs) was successfully tuned by simply controlling the NaF dosage. Unlike UC nanocrystals previously reported in the literature with multicolor emission obtained by varying the rare‐earth dopants, the current work developed a new approach to tune the UC emission color by controlling the NaF concentration without changing the ratio and dosage of rare‐earth ions. TEM and powder XRD were used to characterize the shape, size, and composition of the UC luminescent nanocrystals. The luminescence images, emission spectra, and multicolor emission mechanism of the NPs have also been demonstrated. As a result of the excellent ability of this new method to manipulate color emission, this will open up new avenues in the areas of bioprobes, light‐emitting devices, color displays, lasers, and so forth. To demonstrate their biological applications, the water‐stable, biocompatible, and bioconjugatable NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+@poly(acrylic acid) NPs were synthesized by this developed strategy and applied in targeted‐cell UC luminescence imaging.
Quantified pathologic response assessed as residual tumor burden is a predictor of recurrence‐free survival in patients with rectal cancer who undergo resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Agarwal Atin , Chang George J. , Hu Chung‐Yuan , Taggart Melissa , Rashid Asif , Park In J. , You Y. Nancy , Das Prajnan , Krishnan Sunil , Crane Christopher H. , Rodriguez‐Bigas Miguel , Skibber John , Ellis Lee , Eng Cathy , Kopetz Scott , Maru Dipen M. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to determine whether quantified pathologic response assessed as a percentage of residual tumor cells is predictive of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with rectal cancer.METHODSThe authors studied 251 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation and radical resection. Quantified pathologic response was defined as an estimated percentage of residual cancer cells in relation to the tumor bed: complete, no residual cancer cells; near‐complete, ≤ 5% residual cancer cells; major, > 5%, and < 50% residual cancer cells; and minor, ≥ 50% residual cancer cells. The reproducibility of quantified pathologic response between 2 pathologists was assessed using tumors from 55 randomly selected patients who did not demonstrate a complete response.RESULTSPathologic response was complete in 21% of patients, near‐complete in 20% of patients, major in 37% of patients, and minor in 22% of patients. Nineteen percent of patients had ypT0N0 disease, 27% had ypT1‐2N0 disease, 21% had ypT3‐4N0 disease, and 33% had N+ disease. The 5‐year RFS rates by category of quantified pathologic response were as follows: complete, 95%; near‐complete, 88%; major, 69%; and minor, 61% (P < .001). Major and minor response, high histologic grade, and perineural invasion were found to be significant predictors of decreased RFS on multivariate analysis. The 5‐year RFS rates for patients with ypT3‐4 or N+ disease were better for those with a near‐complete response (94%) compared with those with a major (64%) or minor (61%) response (P < .02). Moderate to substantial agreement was observed between the 2 pathologists (κ = 0.72).CONCLUSIONSQuantified pathologic response is a predictor of RFS in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and stratifies patients with high pathologic stage disease. Cancer 2013;119:4231–4241. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Critical characteristics of corrosion product film obtained by fluid structure interaction
Authors: Zhu X. L. , Lu X. F. , Ling X. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe critical characteristics of corrosion product film (CPF) were investigated, and the mechanism of flow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) was discussed by improving the multiple reference frame method (MRF) using the space temporary coordinate system. The improved MRF was used to accomplish fluid structure interaction (FSI) numerical simulation for FAC testing machine with a pre‐filming specimen. The new numerical method for the simulation of the critical characteristics of the CPF was proposed by coupling FSI and contact analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics software based on Hertz theory, which was used to calculate the critical characteristics of the specimen. The results reveal that the deformation and stress of the CPF increased with increasing temperature and flow velocity. The critical flow velocity was higher than the pre‐filming flow velocity and increased with increasing temperature. The calculation results are consistent with those of the linear polarization experiment.
Corrosion performance of Zn–Mg–Al coated steel in accelerated corrosion tests used in the automotive industry and field exposures
Authors: LeBozec N. , Thierry D. , Peltola A. , Luxem L. , Luckeneder G. , Marchiaro G. , Rohwerder M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe corrosion performance of Zn–Mg(1–2%)–Al(1–2%) (ZMA) coatings has been compared to zinc–iron alloy (galvannealed, GA) and zinc–aluminum coating (Zn–5Al, Galfan) as well as to conventional zinc coatings produced by hot‐dip galvanization (HDG) and electrogalvanization (EG). For this purpose, cosmetic samples (painted and uncoated) and hem‐flange panels were produced. Their corrosion performance was compared in three different accelerated corrosion tests, as regularly used by the automotive industry, e.g., VDA621‐415, N‐VDA (VDA233‐102), and Volvo STD 423‐0014. As can be concluded from our results, the behavior of ZMA coatings was strongly dependent on the testing conditions as well as on the configuration of the samples. The advantageous effect of ZMA coating was more pronounced in open situations than in confined ones, irrespective of the testing conditions. ZMA coatings provided a significant improvement in comparison to conventional coatings in tests involving a significant salt load such as VDA621‐415 or neutral salt spray especially on cosmetic configurations. By contrast, the beneficial effect of ZMA coatings was less obvious in tests with lower salt load (VDA233‐102, Volvo STD423‐0014), particularly when considering cosmetic corrosion on painted samples and corrosion in confinement. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed between samples with varying Al and Mg content in the metallic coating (1–2% each). The results were compared to data from field exposure at stationary sites.
Galvanic corrosion behavior of NiC filled conductive silicone rubber coupled to AZ31 magnesium alloys
Authors: Zhou H. , Xia Z. D. , Li Z. , Guo F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe galvanic corrosion behaviors of NiC filled conductive silicon rubber (CSR) with different resistivity coupled to magnesium alloys were investigated in 3.5% sodium chloride solution at different temperatures. Such investigations were carried out by means of electrochemical measurement, weight‐loss determination, and surface characterization. The results indicated that the changes of CSRs' resistivity and the temperature of the electrolyte would affect the Tafel slope, cathodic corrosion current, and linear polarization resistance of the cathodic branch of the polarization curve. The lower the resistivity, the larger the average galvanic corrosion current density and the average galvanic corrosion rate of Mg alloys at the same temperature. The corrosion morphology revealed that the greater the corrosion current density, the more serious the corrosion on the surface of Mg alloys.
Influence of irregularities in the electrolyte on the cathodic protection of steel: A numerical and experimental study
Authors: Montoya R. , Nagel V. , Galván J. C. , Bastidas J. M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper shows how the last algebraic matricial form can be obtained when the finite element method is used to approximate the potential distribution of a cathodic protection system that includes low conductivity irregularities in the electrolyte away from, close to and directly on the cathode. In order to study the influence of the resistivity of these irregularities on the possibilities of steel protection, five conductivities were analysed. The numerical results, validated with COMSOL® Multiphysics, show the importance of considering irregularities in the domain in order to prevent systems from becoming unprotected. The experimental data agrees with the theoretical data.
Air‐Spun PLA Nanofibers Modified with Reductively Sheddable Hydrophilic Surfaces for Vascular Tissue Engineering: Synthesis and Surface Modification
Authors: Ko Na Re , Sabbatier Gad , Cunningham Alexander , Laroche Gaétan , Oh Jung Kwon 
Published: October 2013

Polylactide (PLA) is a class of promising biomaterials that hold great promise for various biological and biomedical applications, particularly in the field of vascular tissue engineering where it can be used as a fibrous mesh to coat the inside of vascular prostheses. However, its hydrophobic surface providing nonspecific interactions and its limited ability to further modifications are challenges that need to be overcome. Here, the development of new air‐spun PLA nanofibers modified with hydrophilic surfaces exhibiting reduction response is reported. Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization allows for grafting pendant oligo(ethylene oxide)‐containing polymethacrylate (POEOMA) from PLA air‐spun fibers labeled with disulfide linkages. The resulting PLA‐ss‐POEOMA fibers exhibit enhanced thermal stability and improved surface properties, as well as thiol‐responsive shedding of hydrophilic POEOMA by the cleavage of its disulfide linkages in response to reductive reactions, thus tuning the surface properties.
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New $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 dualities from orientifold transitions Part I: field theory
Authors: García-Etxebarria Iñaki , Heidenreich Ben , Wrase Timm 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report on a broad new class of$ \mathcal{N} $= 1 gauge theory dualities which relatethe worldvolume gauge theories of D3 branes probing different orientifolds of the sameCalabi-Yau singularity. In this paper, we focus on the simplest example of these newdualities, arising from the orbifold singularity$ {{\mathbb{C}}^3}/{{\mathbb{Z}}_3} $. We present extensive checks of theduality, including anomaly matching, partial moduli space matching, matching of discretesymmetries, and matching of the superconformal indices between the proposed duals. Wethen present a related duality for thedP1singularity, as well as dualities for the$ {{\mathbb{F}}_0} $andY4,0singularities, illustrating the breadth of this new class of dualities. In a companion paper, we show that certain infinite classes of geometries which include$ {{\mathbb{C}}^3}/{{\mathbb{Z}}_3} $anddP1all exhibit such dualities, and argue that their ten-dimensional origin is the SL(2,$ \mathbb{Z} $) self-duality oftype IIB string theory.
The mutational landscape of phosphorylation signaling in cancer
Authors: Reimand Jüri , Wagih Omar , Bader Gary D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSomatic mutations in cancer genomes include drivers that provide selective advantages to tumor cells and passengers present due to genome instability. Discovery of pan-cancer drivers will help characterize biological systems important in multiple cancers and lead to development of better therapies. Driver genes are most often identified by their recurrent mutations across tumor samples. However, some mutations are more important for protein function than others. Thus considering the location of mutations with respect to functional protein sites can predict their mechanisms of action and improve the sensitivity of driver gene detection. Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification central to cancer biology and treatment and frequently altered by driver mutations. Here we used our ActiveDriver method to analyze known phosphorylation sites mutated by single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TCGA) pan-cancer dataset of 3,185 genomes and 12 cancer types. Phosphorylation-related SNVs (pSNVs) occur in ~90% of tumors, show increased conservation and functional mutation impact compared to other protein-coding mutations and are enriched in cancer genes and pathways. Gene-centric analysis found 150 known and candidate cancer genes with significant pSNV recurrence. Using a novel computational method, we predict that 29% of these mutations directly abolish phosphorylation or modify kinase target sites to rewire signaling pathways. This analysis shows that incorporation of information about protein signaling sites will improve computational pipelines for variant function prediction.
Prostaglandin E2deficiency causes a phenotype of aspirin sensitivity that depends on platelets and cysteinyl leukotrienes
Authors: Liu Tao , Laidlaw Tanya M. , Katz Howard R. , Boyce Joshua A. 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceAspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a common, severe variant of asthma, which is associated with overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) and respiratory reactions to drugs that block cyclooxygenase 1. We demonstrate that mice selectively lacking the capacity to up-regulate the generation of prostaglandin E2with inflammation develop an AERD-like phenotype that depends critically on platelets and thromboxane receptors, which drive transcellular synthesis of cysLTs, which, in turn, activate mast cells with aspirin challenge. The findings suggest a role for antiplatelet or thromboxane-selective antagonists as treatments for AERD.
Intermediate closed state for glycine receptor function revealed by cysteine cross-linking
Authors: Prevost Marie S. , Moraga-Cid Gustavo , Van Renterghem Catherine , Edelstein Stuart J. , Changeux Jean-Pierre , Corringer Pierre-Jean 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Glycine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels involved in inhibitory synaptic communication. These membrane proteins undergo conformational transitions between resting, active (with an open channel), and desensitized (closed) states. For the present paper, we chemically cross-linked two regions in the upper part of the ion channel. We show by electrophysiological methods that it results in the stabilization of a new closed state. This new state likely corresponds to an “intermediate conformation” occurring during activation or desensitization, yielding insights into the molecular mechanism of signal transduction.
New properties of multiple harmonic sums modulo 𝑝 and 𝑝-analogues of Leshchiner’s series
Authors: Pilehrood Kh. , Pilehrood T. , Tauraso R. 
Published: October 2013

In this paper we present some new binomial identities for multiple harmonic sums whose indices are the sequences

(
{
1

}
a

,
c
,
{
1

}
b

)
,

(\{1\}^a,c,\{1\}^b),

(
{
2

}
a

,
c
,
{
2

}
b

)

(\{2\}^a,c,\{2\}^b)

and prove a number of congruences for these sums modulo a prime

p
.

p.

The congruences obtained allow us to find nice

p
p

-analogues of Leshchiner’s series for zeta values and to refine a result due to M. Hoffman and J. Zhao about the set of generators of the multiple harmonic sums of weight

7
7

and

9
9

modulo

p
p

. As a further application we provide a new proof of Zagier’s formula for

ζ

∗

(
{
2

}
a

,
3
,
{
2

}
b

)

\zeta ^{*}(\{2\}^a,3,\{2\}^b)

based on a finite identity for partial sums of the zeta-star series.
Development of Research in Experimental Design in India
Authors: Dey Aloke , Mukerjee Rahul 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Cet article présente un panorama de la recherche indienne des 70 dernières années dans le domaine des plans d’expériences. Le travail accompli dans ce cadre est considérable, tant par le volume que par l'importance des contributions, et nous nous sommes attachés à en présenter un historique cohérent. Les sujets traités incluent les carrés latins mutuellement orthogonaux, les plans en blocs incomplets, les plans factoriels, les plans factoriels fractionnaires, les surfaces de réponse, les plans mixtes, les plans ligne‐colonne et les études croisées.