bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive accuracy of first post‐treatment PET/CT in HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Koshkareva Yekaterina , Branstetter Barton F. , Gaughan John P. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether the result of first posttreatment positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) is predictive of outcome in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and whether PET/CT accuracy is affected by human papillomavirus (HPV) status.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and radiographic data were available for 61 patients with OPSCC, treated in 2004 to 2012 at a single tertiary academic referral center, with at least one baseline and one posttreatment PET/CT. Clinical follow‐up was obtained every 3 months thereafter. The median follow‐up time was 36 months (range 3–100 months).ResultsOf 61 patients, 48 (79%) had negative first posttreatment PET/CT results; and overall, 18 of the 61 patients (30%) recurred. All accuracy measures for PET/CT were higher in HPV‐positive patients, including a 93% negative predictive value (NPV). Patients with positive PET/CT results had poorer survival on Kaplan‐Meier analyses. On multivariate analysis of factors predictive of recurrence, two parameters were significant: HPV status (P = 0.0046) and PET/CT result (P <0.0001).ConclusionsA negative first posttreatment PET/CT result is associated with better prognosis and rare recurrence, especially in patients with HPV‐positive status. Less frequent radiologic surveillance is warranted in patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC and a negative first posttreatment PET/CT scan.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:1843–1847, 2014
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Dubal Pariket M. , Svider Peter F. , Kanumuri Vivek V. , Patel Amit A. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngeal chondrosarcoma (LC) is a rare entity, reportedly comprising less than 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Consequently, the incidence and survival of patients with this slow‐growing tumor has been difficult to study. Our objective was to evaluate incidence, organized by patient demographics, as well as long‐term survival trends of this malignancy using a population‐based database.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry.MethodsThe SEER database was searched for patients diagnosed with LC between 1973 and 2010. Data analyzed included patient demographics, incidence, treatment modality, and survival.ResultsOne‐hundred and forty‐three cases were identified, representing 0.2% of all laryngeal tumors. Median age at diagnosis was 61.7 years. Men and women constituted 76.2% and 23.8% of patients, respectively. Tumors were locally invasive with 37.7% T4 disease and infrequent regional and distant metastases. The 1‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year disease‐specific survival for LC was 96.5%, 88.6%, and 84.8%, respectively, compared to 88.3%, 68.2%, and 59.3%, respectively for patients with all other laryngeal tumors (P values < 0.01). Relative survival was 94.9% at 1 year, 88.5% at 5 years, and 88.4% at 10 years.ConclusionsThis analysis represents the largest LC study sample to date, allowing for evaluation of incidence and long‐term survival. LC occurs infrequently, is locally invasive, but only rarely metastasizes. Prognosis for LC is significantly better than for other laryngeal malignancies.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:1877–1881, 2014
Effect of duration of denervation on outcomes of ansa‐recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Shicai , Wang Wei , Chen Donghui , Zhu Minhui , Liu Fei , Zhang Caiyun , Li Yan , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: January 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the efficacy of laryngeal reinnervation with ansa cervicalis among unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients with different denervation durations.Study DesignWe retrospectively reviewed 349 consecutive UVFP cases of delayed ansa cervicalis to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) anastomosis. Potential influencing factors were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Stratification analysis performed was aimed at one of the identified significant variables: denervation duration.MethodsVideostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation, acoustic analysis, maximum phonation time (MPT), and laryngeal electromyography (EMG) were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Gender, age, preoperative EMG status and denervation duration were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Stratification analysis was performed on denervation duration, which was divided into three groups according to the interval between RLN injury and reinnervation: group A, 6 to 12 months; group B, 12 to 24 months; and group C, > 24 months.ResultsAge, preoperative EMG, and denervation duration were identified as significant variables in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Stratification analysis on denervation duration showed significant differences between group A and C and between group B and C (P < 0.05)—but showed no significant difference between group A and B (P > 0.05) with regard to parameters overall grade, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonics ratio, MPT, and postoperative EMG. In addition, videostroboscopic and laryngeal EMG data, perceptual and acoustic parameters, and MPT values were significantly improved postoperatively in each denervation duration group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsAlthough delayed laryngeal reinnervation is proved valid for UVFP, surgical outcome is better if the procedure is performed within 2 years after nerve injury than that over 2 years.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1900–1905, 2014
The expression of CPEB proteins is sequentially regulated during zebrafish oogenesis and embryogenesis
Authors: O'Connell Marcia L. , Cavallo William C. , Firnberg Maytal 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYIn many species, there is little transcription in the mature oocyte, and zygotic transcription does not begin immediately after fertilization. In zebrafish, zygotic transcription is not initiated until the mid‐blastula transition, thus the production of new proteins during oogenesis and early embryogenesis is dependent on the translation of maternal mRNAs. In a growing number of species, the translation of key maternal transcripts is coupled to their cytoplasmic polyadenylation. One family of RNA‐binding proteins implicated in this process is the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE)‐binding proteins (CPEBs), which bind to a sequence in the 3′‐untranslated regions of regulated transcripts and mediate their storage/repression or translation. In several species, there is evidence for two classes of CPEBs, a larger oocyte‐type and a smaller CPEB that functions during embryogenesis. This appears to be the case in zebrafish as well, and we now provide evidence suggesting that the oocyte‐type CPEB (zorba) regulates the translation of the embryonic‐type (ElrA) by keeping the ElrA transcript in storage until fertilization. When zorba levels fall, ElrA protein is then produced and available to regulate the translation of additional mRNAs during embryogenesis. We have also identified a potential target of ElrA, the maternal mRNA for hnRNPab, which is a potential homolog of the Drosophila gene squid, whose product plays a role in patterning the Drosophila oocyte and embryo. These data suggest that during zebrafish embryogenesis, cytoplasmic polyadenylation mediates a cascade of translational control whose final targets play central patterning roles during embryogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 376–387, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoluminal MR‐guided ultrasonic applicator embedding cylindrical phased‐array transducers and opposed‐solenoid detection coil
Authors: Rata Mihaela , Birlea Vlad , Murillo Adriana , Paquet Christian , Cotton François , Salomir Rares 
Published: January 2014

PurposeMR‐guided high‐intensity contact ultrasound (HICU) was suggested as an alternative therapy for esophageal and rectal cancer. To offer high‐quality MR guidance, two prototypes of receive‐only opposed‐solenoid coil were integrated with 64‐element cylindrical phased‐array ultrasound transducers (rectal/esophageal).MethodsThe design of integrated coils took into account the transducer geometry (360° acoustic window within endoluminal space). The rectal coil was sealed on a plastic support and placed reversibly on the transducer head. The esophageal coil was fully embedded within the transducer head, resulting in one indivisible device. Comparison of integrated versus external coils was performed on a clinical 1.5T scanner.ResultsThe integrated coils showed higher sensitivity compared with the standard extracorporeal coil with factors of up to 7.5 (rectal applicator) and 3.3 (esophageal applicator). High‐resolution MR images for both anatomy (voxel 0.4 × 0.4 × 5 mm3) and thermometry (voxel 0.75 × 0.75 × 8 mm3, 2 s/image) were acquired in vivo with the rectal endoscopic device. The temperature feedback loop accurately controlled multiple control points over the region of interest.ConclusionThis study showed significant improvement of MR data quality using endoluminal integrated coils versus standard external coil. Inframillimeter spatial resolution and accurate feedback control of MR‐guided HICU thermotherapy were achieved. Magn Reson Med 73:417–426, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution respiratory self‐gated golden angle cardiac MRI: Comparison of self‐gating methods in combination with k‐t SPARSE SENSE
Authors: Paul Jan , Divkovic Evica , Wundrak Stefan , Bernhardt Peter , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Neumann Heiko , Rasche Volker 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo compare the applicability of different self‐gating (SG) strategies for respiratory SG in cardiac MRI in combination with iteratively reconstructed (k‐t SPARSE SENSE) cine data with low and high temporal resolution.MethodsEleven SG variants were compared in five volunteers by assessment of the resulting image sharpness compared with nongated reconstructions. Promising SG techniques were applied for high temporal resolution reconstructions of the heart function.ResultsSG was successful in all volunteers with image‐based SG and the
technique. These approaches were also superior to gating from the respiratory bellows signal on average. Combination with k‐t SPARSE SENSE enabled high temporally resolved visualization of the heart motion with free breathing.ConclusionRespiratory SG can be applied for improving image sharpness. Combining SG with iterative reconstruction allows generation of high temporal resolution cine data, which reveal more details of cardiac motion. Magn Reson Med 73:292–298, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isotropic reconstruction of a 4‐D MRI thoracic sequence using super‐resolution
Authors: Van Reeth Eric , Tan Cher Heng , Tham Ivan WK , Poh Chueh Loo 
Published: January 2014

PurposeFour‐dimensional (4D) thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have been shown to successfully monitor both tumor and lungs anatomy. However, a high temporal resolution is required to avoid motion artifacts, which leads to volumes with poor spatial resolution. This article proposes to reconstruct an isotropic 4D MRI thoracic sequence with minimum modifications to the acquisition protocols. This could be an important step toward the use of 4D MRI for thoracic radiotherapy applications.MethodsIn a postacquisition step, three orthogonal 4D anisotropic acquisitions are combined using super‐resolution to reconstruct a series of isotropic volumes. A new phantom that simulates lung tumor motion is developed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The proposed framework is also applied to real data of a lung cancer patient.ResultsSubjective and objective evaluations show clear resolution enhancement and partial volume effect diminution. The isotropic reconstruction of patient data significantly improves both the visualization and segmentation of thoracic structures.ConclusionsThe results presented here are encouraging and suggest that super‐resolution can be regarded as an efficient method to improve the resolution of 4D MRI sequences. It produces an isotropic 4D sequence that would be impossible to acquire in practice. Further investigations will be required to evaluate its reproducibility in various clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 73:784–793, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding E2 versus SN2 Competition under Acidic and Basic Conditions
Authors: Wolters Lando P. , Ren Yi , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOur purpose is to understand the mechanism through which pH affects the competition between base‐induced elimination and substitution. To this end, we have quantum chemically investigated the competition between elimination and substitution pathways in H2O+C2H5OH2+ and OH−+C2H5OH, that is, two related model systems that represent, in a generic manner, the same reaction under acidic and basic conditions, respectively. We find that substitution is favored in the acidic case while elimination prevails under basic conditions. Activation‐strain analyses of the reaction profiles reveal that the switch in preferred reactivity from substitution to elimination, if one goes from acidic to basic catalysis, is related to (1) the higher basicity of the deprotonated base, and (2) the change in character of the substrates LUMO from Cβ−H bonding in C2H5OH2+ to Cβ−H antibonding in C2H5OH.
VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotypes are predictors of warfarin‐related outcomes in children
Authors: Shaw Kaitlyn , Amstutz Ursula , Hildebrand Claudette , Rassekh S. Rod , Hosking Martin , Neville Kathleen , Leeder J. Steven , Hayden Michael R. , Ross Colin J. , Carleton Bruce C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite substantial evidence supporting a pharmacogenetic approach to warfarin therapy in adults, evidence on the importance of genetics in warfarin therapy in children is limited, particularly for clinical outcomes. We assessed the contribution of CYP2C9/VKORC1/CYP4F2 genotypes and variation in other genes involved in vitamin K and coagulation pathways to warfarin dose and related clinical outcomes in children.ProcedureClinical and genetic data for 93 children (age ≤18 years) who received warfarin therapy were obtained. DNA was genotyped for 93 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms using a custom assay.ResultsWith a median age of 4.8 years, our cohort included more young children than most previous studies. Overall, 76.3% of dose variability was explained by weight, indication, VKORC1‐1639G/A and CYP2C9 *2/*3, with genotypes accounting for 21.1% of variability. There was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.68; P < 0.001) between actual and predicted warfarin dose using a pediatric genotype‐based dosing model. VKORC1 genotype had a significant impact on time to therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) (P = 0.047) and time to over‐anticoagulation (INR > 4; P = 0.024) during the initiation of therapy. CYP2C9*3 carriers were also at increased risk of major bleeding while receiving warfarin (adjusted OR = 11.28). An additional variant in CYP2C9 (rs7089580) was significantly associated with warfarin dose (P = 0.020) in a multivariate clinical and genetic model.ConclusionsThis study confirms the importance of VKORC1/CYP2C9 genotypes for warfarin dosing in a young pediatric cohort and demonstrates an impact of genetic factors on clinical outcomes in children. Furthermore, we identified an additional variant in CYP2C9 of potential relevance for warfarin dosing in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:1055–1062. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural products for pest control: an analysis of their role, value and future
Authors: Gerwick B Clifford , Sparks Thomas C 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNatural products (NPs) have long been used as pesticides and have broadly served as a source of inspiration for a great many commercial synthetic organic fungicides, herbicides and insecticides that are in the market today. In light of the continuing need for new tools to address an ever‐changing array of fungal, weed and insect pests, NPs continue to be a source of models and templates for the development of new pest control agents. Interestingly, an examination of the literature suggests that NP models exist for many of the pest control agents that were discovered by other means, suggesting that, had circumstances been different, these NPs could have served as inspiration for the discovery of a great many more of today's pest control agents. Here, an attempt is made to answer questions regarding the existence of an NP model for existing classes of pesticides and what is needed for the discovery of new NPs and NP models for pest control agents. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Antitumor effects with apoptotic death in human promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 cells and suppression of leukemia xenograft tumor growth by irinotecan HCl
Authors: Chen Yung‐Liang , Chueh Fu‐Shin , Yang Jai‐Sing , Hsueh Shu‐Ching , Lu Chi‐Cheng , Chiang Jo‐Hua , Lee Ching‐Sung , Lu Hsu‐Feng , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIrinotecan HCl (CPT‐11) is an anticancer prodrug, but there is no available information addressing CPT‐11‐inhibited leukemia cells in in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of CPT‐11 in promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 cells and in vivo and tumor growth in a leukemia xenograft model. Effects of CPT‐11 on HL‐60 cells were determined using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, comet assay, real‐time PCR, and Western blotting. CPT‐11 demonstrated a dose‐ and time‐dependent inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, and cell‐cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in HL‐60 cells. CPT‐11 promoted the release of AIF from mitochondria and its translocation to the nucleus. Bid, Bax, Apaf‐1, caspase‐9, AIF, Endo G, caspase‐12, ATF‐6b, Grp78, CDK2, Chk2, and cyclin D were all significantly upregulated and Bcl‐2 was down‐regulated by CPT‐11 in HL‐60 cells. Induction of cell‐cycle arrest by CPT‐11 was associated with changes in expression of key cell‐cycle regulators such as CDK2, Chk2, and cyclin D in HL‐60 cells. To test whether CPT‐11 could augment antitumor activity in vivo, athymic BALB/cnu/nu nude mice were inoculated with HL‐60 cells, followed by treatment with either CPT‐11. The treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor weight and volume in the HL‐60 xenograft mice. The present study demonstrates the schedule‐dependent antileukemia effect of CPT‐11 using both in vitro and in vivo models. CPT‐11 could potentially be a promising agent for the treatment of promyelocytic leukemia and requires further investigation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 803–815, 2015.
Religion and climate change: varieties in viewpoints and practices
Authors: Haluza‐DeLay Randolph 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough religions are major social actors and institutions with considerable reach, relatively little social science research has focused specifically on the interaction of religious bodies and human‐induced climate change. Most of the current scholarship on the topic has been theological, pastoral, or normative, and specific to particular faiths; the focus of such scholarship is to draw on resources internal to the faith in order to make the case to adherents about the duty to attend to climate change. Only recently has empirical or social scientific research sought to examine what the world's religions and their adherents are actually saying or doing about climate change. Reviewing this research is the focus of this article. An essential first step is to conceptualize the problematic term ‘religion’ and to describe the extensive diversity of the world's religions. Religion includes beliefs, worldviews, practices, and institutions that cross borders, time, and scale from the level of individuals all the way to transnational and transhistorical movements. A summary of religious engagements with climate change is followed by two case studies that show the complexity of religion and religious engagement with climate change. The Pacific Islands are used as a geographic case. Buddhism is used as a case study of a specific faith tradition. Because the world's religions and faith groups are major social institutions and sites of collection action, greater attention to them by climate‐oriented social scientists is recommended.WIREs Clim Change2014, 5:261–279. doi: 10.1002/wcc.268This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate ChangeSocial Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Social Movements
Inverse design of horizontal axis wind turbine blades using a vortex line method
Authors: Lee Seongkyu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new inverse design process for horizontal axis wind turbine blades is developed to account for three‐dimensional blade features such as non‐planar wing tip. The multidimensional Newton iteration method combined with a vortex line method is used to provide blade geometry parameters given desired aerodynamic behaviors such as lift coefficient and axial induction. The Jacobian matrix is visualized to show the effect of the change of the blade twist and chord on the change of the aerodynamic behaviors. The method is validated for a canonical straight blade with uniform lift coefficient and axial induction distributions. The results show an excellent agreement with those obtained by PROPID, which is a blade element momentum theory‐based inverse design code. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory Phase VI blade is used to validate the method for a straight blade with non‐uniform distributions of the lift coefficient and axial induction. The method is also applied successfully to a non‐straight blade design with a non‐planar wing tip. A noticeable change in the twist and chord for this non‐straight blade is seen compared with a straight blade. Finally, the inverse design code is used to make a large rotor blade, and the power output generated by this blade is computed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive control of an experimental wind turbine using preview wind speed measurements
Authors: Verwaal N. W. , van der Veen G. J. , van Wingerden J. W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe development of a more reliable method of measuring the wind field upstream of a turbine (light detection and ranging) has enabled the implementation of feedforward‐related control strategies to enhance the control performance of wind turbines. By incorporating wind speed measurements, the controller is able to anticipate upon future events and thereby improve structural load mitigation and power regulation of the wind turbine. This work aims to experimentally verify the benefits of using predictive and feedforward‐based control strategies over industry standard control solutions. To achieve this, both a feedforward and a model predictive control strategy are presented, which have been validated on an experimental wind turbine in a wind tunnel. Both the model predictive controller and feedforward algorithm have shown superior performance over a baseline controller in terms of rotor speed regulation under wind speed disturbances. The experiment confirmed that a phase advantage in the control input of the predictive controller led to this performance increase. It has also been found that knowledge of just the current wind speed can already significantly increase the control performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.