bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The way back: a reasoned and data based approach to increasing community access for sex offenders during and post treatment
Authors: Stevenson Brandie , Lynn Luke , Miller Katelyn , Hingsburger Dave 
Published: November 2014

PurposeCommunity‐based treatment programmes serving people with learning/intellectual disabilities face the problem of deciding how and when and under what conditions those in treatment will be able to independently access the community. Given the fact that people with disabilities have difficulties in generalization, knowing that they can practice skills in therapeutic sessions does not mean that they will be able to use these skills in real life situations. A Community Trust programme was first described theoretically in 1996 and this paper aims to present how that programme will work in practice.Design/methodology/approachFrom the moment treatment begins, data is collected with an eye to the future wherein individuals will be able to access the community and wherein agencies and therapists will be able to make decisions on that access, based on data not opinion. Two case examples demonstrate the principles of the trust programme.FindingsCommunity trust for individuals who have engaged in serious, dangerous, or criminal behaviours is a serious issue and therefore must be a well thought out process. It also needs to be data based and decisions must be made not on “opinion” but on objective measures.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates how community‐based treatment programmes, such as the example considered, give individuals “real life” opportunities to practice skills and thus transfer what is learned in therapeutic sessions to practical application.
Peer support – a personal journey
Authors: Porter Andy 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe paper seeks to discuss the author's experience of peer support.Design/methodology/approachThe author provides an account of the introduction of specialist training for potential peer support workers within an NHS Trust.FindingsThe paper finds that training should not be provided unless it is known that jobs as peer support specialists can be created for people to move into.Originality/valueIt is important to recognise that what is now being called intentional peer support is a new professional development that has the potential to transform services if people are brave enough to take the plunge.
Multi‐isotype antibody responses against the multimeric Salmonella Typhi recombinant hemolysin E antigen
Authors: Ong Eugene Boon Beng , Ignatius Joshua , Anthony Amy Amilda , Aziah Ismail , Ismail Asma , Lim Theam Soon 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe detection and measurement of different antibody isotypes in the serum provide valuable indicators of the different stages of typhoid infection. Here, the ability of S. Typhi recombinant hemolysin E (HlyE) to detect multi‐isotype antibody responses in sera of patients with typhoid and paratyphoid A was investigated using an indirect antibody immunoassay. Nanogram amounts of HlyE were found to be sufficient for detection of IgG and IgA isotypes and, in a study of individuals' sera (n = 100), the immunoassay was able to distinguish between typhoid and non‐typhoid sera. The overall sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the ELISA were 70% (39/56), 100% (44/44) and 83% respectively.
Forensic Entomology and the Estimation of the Minimum Time Since Death in Indoor Cases
Authors: Bugelli Valentina , Forni David , Bassi Luciani Alessandro , Di Paolo Marco , Marra Damiano , Lenzi Scilla , Toni Chiara , Giusiani Mario , Domenici Ranieri , Gherardi Mirella , Vanin Stefano 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEight cases that occurred indoors in which the insects played an important role in the mPMI estimation are presented. The bodies of socially isolated people and old people living alone were discovered in central Italy between June and November. mPMI ranged from a few days to several weeks. Insects were collected during the body recovery and the postmortem. Climatic data were obtained from the closest meteorological stations and from measurements performed on the site. Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae species were present in 75% of the cases with Lucilia sericata and Chrysomya albiceps collected in 50% of the cases. Chrysomya albiceps was always found in association with Lucilia species. Scuttle flies (Phoridae) were found in 37.5% of the cases, confirming the ability of these species in indoor body colonization. We show that if sealed environment may delay, the insect arrival dirty houses may create the environment where sarcosaprophagous insects are already present.
Performance Commitments of Controlling Shareholders and Earnings Management
Authors: Hou Qingchuan , Jin Qinglu , Yang Rong , Yuan Hongqi , Zhang Guochang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSince the Split Share Structure Reform took effect in China in 2005, holders of nontradable shares (controlling shareholders) have had to negotiate with holders of tradable shares (minority shareholders) to gain the liquidity right. In a typical deal reached, the controlling shareholder agrees to pay share compensation to minority shareholders and, in many cases, also pledges to meet a specific firm performance target (performance commitments). Using this reform setting, we examine the impact of performance commitments on earnings management behavior, and find the following results. First, less profitable firms have greater incentives to make performance commitments that help to reduce the share compensation that controlling shareholders have to pay. Second, firms entering into such commitments engage in earnings management to meet the promised performance target when actual performance falls short, and firms facing greater default costs tend to manage earnings more aggressively. Third, depending on the performance metric stipulated in the commitment contract, firms employ varying methods to manage earnings. We also find that firms that rely on earnings management to meet their performance targets display inferior performance in the postcommitment years relative to firms that do not. Overall, our evidence is consistent with performance commitment contracts (with costly defaults) between a firm's controlling and minority shareholders causing incentives for earnings management.
Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects
Authors: Pace Brian A. , Alexander Helen M. , Emry Jason D. , Mercer Kristin L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDomestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop‐wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. Seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop‐wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop‐imparted seed coverings result in out‐of‐season germination. We performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cross types to test how a cross type's maternal parent and nuclear genetic composition might affect its fate under field conditions. We observed higher maladaptive fall germination in the crop‐ and F1‐ produced seeds than wild‐produced seeds and, due to an interaction with percent crop alleles, fall germination was higher for cross types with more crop‐like nuclear genetics. By spring, crop‐produced cross types had the highest overwintering mortality, primarily due to higher fall germination. Early spring germination was identical across maternal types, but germination continued for F1‐produced seeds. In conclusion, the more wild‐like the maternal parent or the less proportion of the cross type's genome contributed by the crop, the greater likelihood a seed will remain ungerminated than die. Wild‐like dormancy may facilitate introgression through future recruitment from the soil seed bank.
A Comparison of Health, Health Behavior, and Access Between Farm and Nonfarm Populations in Rural New York State
Authors: Earle‐Richardson Giulia , Scribani Melissa , Scott Erika , May John , Jenkins Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent technological and demographic changes in US agriculture raise questions about whether the previously observed benefits of the agricultural lifestyle persist.MethodsIn 2009, researchers conducted a household survey of 9,612 adults (aged 20+) in a rural region of Upstate New York. Data on health status, health behaviors, and health care access among farmers and rural nonfarm residents were compared.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, gender, education, and having a regular health care provider, male farmers had elevated prevalence of asthma (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05‐3.16) and untreated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.12‐9.01). Farmers had significantly lower hypercholesterolemia (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50‐0.99), but not lower prevalence of heart disease or stroke. Farmers had lower rates of smoking (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.89) and higher rates of hard physical labor (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.83‐3.72) than nonfarmers, but they had notably worse health behavior prevalence relative to various types of screening, vaccinations, and having a regular medical care provider (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.39‐0.71).ConclusionsThe farm population is becoming more like the rural nonfarm population with regard to health outcomes and lifestyle, yet it remains notably poorer with regard to prevention. Targeted outreach is needed to increase prevention within the agricultural community.
Differential effects of contrasting phenotypes of a foundation legume shrub drive plant–plant interactions in a Mediterranean mountain
Authors: Al Hayek Patrick , Maalouf Jean‐Paul , Baumel Alex , Bou Dagher‐Kharrat Magda , Médail Frédéric , Touzard Blaise , Michalet Richard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractQuestionsAre variable effects of different phenotypes of foundation plant species on subordinates across contrasting habitat conditions (with varying stress and disturbance levels) due to either varying environmental conditions or heritable differences in traits between phenotypes? To evaluate the contribution of environmental effects we quantified the effects of contrasting phenotypes of a foundation legume shrub on their subordinate species across exposure (drought stress) and grazing conditions.LocationA sub‐alpine xerophytic community of western Mount Lebanon, Lebanon.MethodsFor two phenotypes of the spiny cushion shrub Onobrychis cornuta, a facilitative phenotype that occurs in concave topographies (mesic soil) and a competitive phenotype that occurs in convex topographies (xeric soil), we quantified cushion traits, environmental conditions and subordinate plant species abundances (within and outside the cushions) for the two phenotypes in northern (low stress) and southern (high stress) exposures, and with and without grazing. Relative interaction index (RII) for subordinate species richness and abundance was calculated in the eight treatment combinations and a correspondence analysis (CA) was conducted on species composition.ResultsDrought stress exacerbated phenotypic effects in southern exposure, with loose phenotypes being more facilitative and tight phenotypes more competitive than in northern exposure. This was related to both changes in cushion traits of the two phenotypes and to an increase in the pool of subordinate species sensitive to cushion effects. In contrast, grazing increased cushion positive effects of both phenotypes through the occurrence of indirect facilitation, with loose phenotypes becoming more facilitative and tight phenotypes less competitive. This was due both to changes in cushion traits of the two phenotypes and to their shared spiny phenotype limiting grazing effects.ConclusionsBecause increasing stress from northern to southern exposure did not increase competitive effects of either phenotype, and because the cessation of grazing did not cancel out differences in facilitative effects between phenotypes, neither drought stress nor grazing disturbance appeared to be the main drivers of the observed phenotypic effects on subordinate species across habitats. We conclude that differences in phenotypic effects of this legume shrub are very likely due to heritable differences in traits between phenotypes.
Naive Realist Perspectives on Seeing Blurrily
Authors: French Craig 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNaive realists hold that experience is to be understood in terms of an intimate perceptual relation between a subject and aspects of the world, relative to a certain standpoint. Those aspects of the world themselves shape the contours of consciousness. But blurriness is an aspect of some of our experiences that does not seem to come from the world. I argue that this constitutes a significant challenge to some forms of naive realism. But I also argue that there is a robust form of naive realism which is unfazed by the blurriness of some of our experiences, even when that blurriness is understood as a subjective modification of consciousness.
Space, Time and Molyneux's Question
Authors: Richardson Louise 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhatever the answer to Molyneux's question is, it is certainly not obvious that the answer is ‘yes’. In contrast, it seems clear that we should answer affirmatively a temporal variation on Molyneux's question, introduced by Gareth Evans. I offer a phenomenological explanation of this asymmetry in our responses to the two questions. This explanation appeals to the modality‐specific spatial structure of perceptual experience and its amodal temporal structure. On this explanation, there are differences in the perception of spatial properties in different modalities, but these differences do not stand in the way of the objectivity of perceptual experience.
Auditory Appearances
Authors: Nudds Matthew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt might be suggested that in auditory experience elements of the material world are not apparent to us in the way they are in vision and touch, and that this constitutes a shortcoming in the kind of cognitive contact with the world provided by auditory perception. I develop this suggestion, and then set out a way of thinking about the appearances of sound‐producing events that might provide a response.
Use of Density Centrifugation for Delayed Cryopreservation of Stallion Sperm: Perform Sperm Selection Directly after Collection or after Storage?
Authors: Heutelbeck A , Oldenhof H , Rohn K , Martinsson G , Morrell JM , Sieme H 
Published: November 2014

ContentsEquipment for cryopreservation of stallion sperm is not always available. In such cases, diluted semen can be shipped to a facility for later cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate if selection of sperm via density centrifugation yields higher survival rates when cryopreservation is to be delayed (i.e. carried out after 1 day of storage at 5°C). Two‐layer iodixanol as well as single‐layer Androcoll density centrifugation were tested and compared with samples prepared with standard centrifugation. Special emphasis was placed on comparing centrifugation on the day of semen collection with centrifugation after 1‐day refrigerated storage. Sperm morphology and motility as well as membrane and chromatin integrity were evaluated before and after centrifugation. Sperm motility and membrane integrity were also assessed after cryopreservation. It was found that both two‐ and single‐layer density centrifugation processing resulted in higher percentages of morphologically normal and motile sperm with higher membrane and chromatin integrity, as compared to standard centrifugation or diluted samples. Differences were only in the order of magnitude of 5%. Recovery rates after density centrifugation were only approximately 30–40%. When cryopreservation was carried out after 1‐day refrigerated storage, centrifugation processing of sperm directly after semen collection resulted in higher percentages of plasma membrane intact sperm post‐thaw as compared to performing centrifugation processing of stored sperm just prior to cryopreservation. No significant differences in progressively motile sperm post‐thaw were seen. Taken together, for delayed cryopreservation, it is best to perform density centrifugation directly after collection rather than immediately prior to cryopreservation.
Heart rate complexity in sinoaortic‐denervated mice
Authors: Silva Luiz Eduardo V. , Rodrigues Fernanda Luciano , de Oliveira Mauro , Salgado Hélio Cesar , Fazan Rubens 
Published: November 2014

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
New measurements for cardiovascular complexity, such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and multiscale entropy (MSE), have been shown to predict cardiovascular outcomes. Given that cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by autonomic imbalance and decreased baroreflex sensitivity, the central question is: do baroreceptors contribute to cardiovascular complexity?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Sinoaortic denervation altered both DFA scaling exponents and MSE, indicating that both short‐ and long‐term mechanisms of complexity are altered in sinoaortic denervated mice, resulting in a loss of physiological complexity. These results suggest that the baroreflex is a key element in the complex structures involved in heart rate variability regulation.
Recently, heart rate (HR) oscillations have been recognized as complex behaviours derived from non‐linear processes. Physiological complexity theory is based on the idea that healthy systems present high complexity, i.e. non‐linear, fractal variability at multiple scales, with long‐range correlations. The loss of complexity in heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Based on the idea that most cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by autonomic imbalance and a decrease in baroreflex sensitivity, we hypothesize that the baroreflex plays an important role in complex cardiovascular behaviour. Mice that had been subjected to sinoaortic denervation (SAD) were implanted with catheters in the femoral artery and jugular vein 5 days prior to the experiment. After recording the baseline arterial pressure (AP), pulse interval time series were generated from the intervals between consecutive values of diastolic pressure. The complexity of the HRV was determined using detrended fluctuation analysis and multiscale entropy. The detrended fluctuation analysis α1 scaling exponent (a short‐term index) was remarkably decreased in the SAD mice (0.79 ± 0.06 versus 1.13 ± 0.04 for the control mice), whereas SAD slightly increased the α2 scaling exponent (a long‐term index; 1.12 ± 0.03 versus 1.04 ± 0.02 for control mice). In the SAD mice, the total multiscale entropy was decreased (13.2 ± 1.3) compared with the control mice (18.9 ± 1.4). In conclusion, fractal and regularity structures of HRV are altered in SAD mice, affecting both short‐ and long‐term mechanisms of complexity, suggesting that the baroreceptors play a considerable role in the complex structure of HRV.
A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Local Stresses and Strains at the Pellet Ridges in a Horizontal Nuclear Fuel Element
Authors: Gamble Kyle A. L. , Williams Anthony F. , Chan Paul K. 
Published: November 2014

A three-dimensional finite element model is being developed for a quarter fuel element, which is equivalent to a full fuel element using symmetry. The model uses the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework developed at Idaho National Laboratory. The model facilitates an in-depth investigation into a variety of deformation phenomena for a horizontal nuclear fuel element including bowing, sagging, and stresses and strains.
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the local stresses and strains of the sheath (clad) at the pellet-to-pellet interfaces for low, normal and high linear powers. During irradiation the fuel pellets thermally expand and take on an hourglass shape. The hourglassing behaviour leads to higher local stresses and strains in the sheath at the locations of the pellet-to-pellet interfaces. The purpose of this work is to quantify these stresses and strains for varying linear powers, and to illustrate the effect that the material model chosen for the cladding has on the results. Preliminary results are presented for two sheath types: elastic, and elastic including diffusional creep. These models are benchmarked against a validated industry code called ELESTRES. The results indicate that the predicted sheath hoop strain is about half of what is determined by ELESTRES in both the elastic and elastic-creep cases. This highlights the requirement of a pellet cracking model in three-dimensional simulations. The elastic-creep model predicts less stress within the sheath than the elastic model as expected.
Effect of Solidification on Molten Material Jet Behavior in Coolant
Authors: Iwasawa Yuzuru , Abe Yutaka , Kaneko Akiko , Saito Shimpei , Nariai Hideki , Matsuo Eiji , Sakaba Hiroshi , Ebihara Ken-ichi , Koyama Kazuya , Itoh Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2014

For the safety design of a Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR), if a Core Disruptive Accident (CDA) occurred hypothetically, it is required to suppress the rapid energy release due to a prompt criticality. Even if the rapid energy release does not occur, there is a possibility that a large amount of fuel melts. Therefore it is important to achieve Post Accident Heat Removal (PAHR). In order to achieve PAHR, it is strongly required that the molten material which is released from a core region gets cool and solidifies in the sodium coolant in a reactor vessel by breaking up. It is considered that the molten fuel is injected into the coolant like a jet. Furthermore, in the actual FBR, the interfacial temperature between the molten fuel jet and the coolant is considered to be lower than the melting point of the molten material. Thus for PAHR in CDA, it is important to understand the interaction between the jet and the coolant in such a condition and to estimate the molten jet behavior quantitatively.
In order to estimate quantitatively the effects of the solidification on the molten jet behavior, we carried out the experiment in which a simulant material was injected into a simulant coolant. In the experiment, we used low melting point alloy (Bi -Sn) and water as the simulant molten material and the simulant coolant respectively. In the experiments, we chose the temperature range including the condition that the interfacial temperature was lower than the melting point of the molten material. The jet breakup and the fragmentation behavior of the molten material jet were observed with a high speed video camera. Then the jet breakup length is estimated form the results. We changed the initial interfacial temperature condition by adjusting temperature of the molten material and the coolant. We also changed the jet velocity by adjusting the height of the nozzle tip from the water surface.
From the experiment, we found that the jet breakup behavior depends greatly on the interfacial temperature and the injection velocity and that the solidification of a molten material jet and the growth of unstable jet surface, which results from the relative velocity of the jet to the coolant, are in a competitive relation for the jet breakup. We also found that when the molten material jet breaks up into fragments, the breakup length is independent of the initial interfacial temperature and the initial injection velocity.