bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Squeezing out the Last Micron
Authors: Thiel Jutta 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough all machine tool manufacturers advertise highest accuracies: No machine is immune to minimum systematic geometrical errors. This becomes particularly clear in the case of 5‐axis machining centers, where geometrical deviations can occur in the linear axes as well as in the rotation axes. Here, many small geometrical errors quickly add up and create production inaccuracies, which can endanger the dimensional accuracy of machined components in the case of very tight tolerances.
Interleukin‐6 induces neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) through suppression of RE‐1 silencing transcription factor (REST)
Authors: Zhu Yezi , Liu Chengfei , Cui Yuanyuan , Nadiminty Nagalakshmi , Lou Wei , Gao Allen C. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDParacrine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) can mediate neuroendocrine (NE) features, including the acquisition of a neurite‐like phenotype and growth arrest in prostate cancer cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine differentiation induced by IL‐6.METHODSImmunoblotting was performed to determine the status of RE1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) and of neuroendocrine markers such as Neuron‐specific Enolase (NSE), chromogranin A and synaptophysin in LNCaP cells treated with IL‐6. To further study the impact of REST‐mediated repression on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in LNCaP cells, either wild‐type REST or a dominant‐positive form of REST, REST‐VP16, in which both repressor domains of REST were replaced with the activation domain of the herpes simplex virus protein VP16, was introduced into LNCaP cells.RESULTSIn this study, we show that REST is suppressed in IL‐6‐induced neuroendocrine differentiation in LNCaP cells. Overexpression of exogenous REST abrogated IL‐6‐induced NED in prostate cancer cells. Expression of the recombinant REST‐VP16 fusion protein activated REST target genes and other neuronal differentiation genes and produced neuronal physiological properties. In addition, REST protein turnover was accelerated in IL‐6 induced NE differentiated LNCaP cells via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of the deubiquitylase HAUSP, indicating that pathway(s) priming REST degradation may be involved in IL‐6 induced NE differentiation.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that REST functions as a major switch of IL‐6 induced neuroendocrine differentiation in LNCaP cells. Prostate 74:1086–1094, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Surgical Margins on the Outcome of Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Bernardi Sergio , Bertozzi Serena , Londero Ambrogio P. , Gentile Giuliana , Angione Vito , Petri Roberto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveBreast‐conserving surgery has become the preferred treatment for early breast cancer. Yet the question of what constitutes a ‘safe margin’, in terms of impact on patient outcome, remains unanswered. Our aim was to address this knowledge gap by determining the prevalence of positive and narrow margins after breast‐conserving surgery, and evaluating how margin status impacted local recurrence and overall survival.Materials and MethodsWe collected data about all women who underwent breast‐conserving cancer surgery in our department between 2002 and 2011, focusing on patient and tumor characteristics, the distance from the tumor to the surgical margin, therapies administered, and outcome (measured in terms of local recurrence and overall survival). Data were analyzed by R (version 3.0.1), considering p < 0.05 as significant. Multivariate analyses were also performed.ResultsOf 1,192 women who received breast‐conserving surgery, 264 were considered for widening; 111 of these patients had positive margins and 153 narrow (where narrow was defined as less than 5 mm). Widening was performed for 38 % of these patients (99/264) and mastectomy for 27 % (70/264), while 36 % (95/264) had no further surgery and were simply followed‐up. Our multivariate analysis confirmed that local tumor recurrence and overall survival were not significantly influenced by margin status, either at initial surgery, or (for those patients with initially positive margins) at secondary margin‐widening surgery. However, the following were found to be significantly correlated with local recurrence: tumor multifocality, high expression of Ki‐67/Mib‐1, comedo‐like necrosis, and non‐axillary lymph node positivity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe found the status of resection margins and the management of infiltrated or narrow margins to have no significant influence on local tumor recurrence rates or on overall patient survival. Instead, biological factors connected with tumor aggressiveness seem to play the most important role in breast cancer prognosis, independent of surgical radicality.
Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species
Authors: Sitepu Irnayuli , Selby Tylan , Lin Ting , Zhu Shirley , Boundy-Mills Kyria 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. zeae, Tremella encephala, and Trichosporon coremiiforme. Other species excelled in inhibitor tolerance, including Candida aff. tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. No yeast tested could utilize all carbon sources and tolerate all inhibitors tested. These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals.
Treatment of lysosomal storage disorders: successes and challenges
Authors: Hollak Carla E. M. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTreatment options for a number of lysosomal storage disorders have rapidly expanded and currently include enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction, chaperone treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and gene‐therapy. Combination treatments are also explored. Most therapies are not curative but change the phenotypic expression of the disease. The effectiveness of treatment varies considerably between the different diseases, but also between sub‐groups of patients with a specific lysosomal storage disorder. The heterogeneity of the patient populations complicates the prediction of benefits of therapy, specifically in patients with milder disease manifestations. In addition, there is a lack of data on the natural history of diseases and disease phenotypes. Initial trial data show benefits on relevant short‐term endpoints, but the real world situation may reveal different outcomes. Collaborative international studies are much needed to study the long‐term clinical efficacy of treatments, and to detect new complications or associated conditions of the diseases. This review summarizes the available treatment modalities for lysosomal storage disorders and the challenges associated with long term clinical care for these patients.
Changes in seed dormancy ofRosa multibracteataHemsl. & E. H. Wilson with increasing elevation in an arid valley in the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiong , Bao Weikai 
Published: May 2014

AbstractVariations in levels of seed dormancy among conspecific populations are poorly understood. We aim to determine the variations in the level of dormancy inRosa multibracteataalong an elevational gradient, and to analyze the mechanisms underlying seed dormancy. The study was conducted in an arid valley in the eastern Tibetan Plateau at five elevations: 1700, 1900, 2100, 2300 and 2500 m. Achene traits were measured and physiological levels of dormancy were determined by measuring germination percentages of achenes treated with H2SO4scarification, warm stratification and cold stratification and combinations of those treatments. Achene size, mass and pericarp thickness increased with increasing elevation, but embryo width decreased with increasing in the arid valley. The level of dormancy generally increased with increasing elevation. The level of dormancy of the rose achenes is intermediate from sites at elevations of 1700, 1900 and 2100 m and deep at elevations of 2300 and 2500 m. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the elevational pattern of level of seed dormancy could be ascribed to intrinsically thicker pericarp and deeper physiological dormancy in the embryo, and extrinsically decreased temperature, increased precipitation and soil moisture at the higher elevations. The great variations of achene traits and levels of seed dormancy across elevations suggest a phenotypic differentiation exists within this rose species. Thus, habitat conditions and achene traits should be considered when selecting roses as materials used to propagate seedlings for ornamental purposes or plant restoration.
Post-operative delay in return of function following guided growth tension plating and use of corrective physical therapy
Authors: Fillingham Yale A. , Kroin Ellen , Frank Rachel M. , Erickson Brandon , Hellman Michael , Kogan Monica 
Published: May 2014

Purpose Guided growth has long been used to treat growth deformities, but the Eight-Plate® system has recently become more widely used by pediatric orthopaedists. Because the current literature lacks evaluation of functional status in the immediate post-operative period, we investigated functional status following use of the Eight-Plate® system. Methods We evaluated post-operative delay in return of function following treatment with the Eight-Plate® system at two weeks after surgery. Fifty-one consecutive patients with a growth deformity were treated with the Eight-Plate® system. Patients were comprised of 32 male and 19 female patients with an average age of 11 years (range 2–17.9 years). Results Among study participants, 19 patients (37.3 %) had post-operative delay of function. The rate of delayed function for patients 10 years of age or younger and 11 years of age or older was respectively 11.8 and 50 % ( P = 0.002). Six of the 19 patients were treated with four or more plates, of which five patients (83.3 %) developed delayed return of function. The rate of delayed function in patients with at least one femoral plate compared to no femoral plate was respectively 45 and 9.1 % ( P = 0.006). Bilateral operations were associated with a 66.7 % rate of delayed function compared to 25 % with unilateral operations ( P = 0.004). When patients with delay of function were treated with physical therapy, 12 of 13 patients (92.3 %) had complete resolution of their symptoms. Conclusion Statistical significance demonstrated that patients at the greatest risk were 11 years of age or older, with four or more plates, with femoral plates, or with bilateral operations. Patients with delayed function were readily corrected by physical therapy.
Optimal choice and consumption of cost cap tariffs: theory and empirical evidence
Authors: Köhler Philip , Krämer Jan , Krüger Lars 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCost cap tariffs are pay-per-use tariffs for which costs cannot exceed a predefined cost limit. They were recently introduced to telecommunications markets, but were previously also applied in the insurance industry as deductibles or in the rental industry as day rates. This paper develops and empirically validates a consumer surplus model that explains the optimal consumption pattern under cost cap tariffs and the conditions under which cost cap tariffs are chosen over pure pay-per-use and flat rate tariffs by a rational consumer. We find that cost cap tariffs are an optimal tariff choice only if the level of uncertainty is sufficiently high. Our theoretical predictions are supported by survey data.
The triangulated category of K-motives
Authors: Garkusha Grigory , Panin Ivan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor any perfect field k a triangulated category of K-motives is constructed in the style of Voevodsky's construction of the category . To each smooth k-variety X the K-motive is associated in the category andwhere pt = Spec(k) and K(X) is Quillen's K-theory of X.
The Russian prefix pod- from the viewpoint of lexical concepts
Authors: VIIMARANTA JOHANNA 
Published: May 2014

abstractThe Russian prefix pod- has several meanings, both concrete ones having to do with approaching or being under or down, and a series of seemingly unrelated abstract meanings such as imitating, ingratiating, or doing in secret. This paper approaches the polysemy of pod- from the viewpoint of the Theory of Lexical Concepts and Conceptual Models (LCCM) that sees word meaning not as a permanent property of words, but as a dynamic process in which context and accessed non-linguistic knowledge representation play an important role. This approach uses the notion of lexical concepts to describe the mediating unit between concrete linguistic examples and cognitive models that these examples are connected to. The 505 verbs analyzed bring up the lexical concepts [UNDER], [VERTICAL MOVEMENT], [CLOSE], and [CONTACT]. The connection of these lexical concepts with certain metaphorical and metonymical models is also discussed. Twelve of the 505 verbs are examined more closely in different contexts with the help of twenty-nine illustrative examples from the spoken corpus of the Russian National Corpus.
Molecular and morphological variability within theAphidius colemanigroup with redescription ofAphidius platensisBrethes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Authors: Tomanović Ž. , Petrović A. , Mitrović M. , Kavallieratos N.G. , Starý P. , Rakhshani E. , Rakhshanipour M. , Popović A. , Shukshuk A.H. , Ivanović A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe have identified the following three taxa related to theAphidius colemanispecies group, which are important biological control agents:Aphidius colemani, Aphidius transcaspicusandAphidius platensis. Using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and geometric morphometric analysis of the forewing shape, we have explored the genetic structure and morphological variability of theA. colemanigroup from different aphid host/plant associations covering a wide distribution area. The topology of the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees were identical with 98–100% bootstrap support, clusteringA. colemani, A. platensisandA. transcaspicusinto separate species. The distances among the taxa ranged from 2.2 to 4.7%, which is a common rate for the between-species divergence within the subfamily Aphidiinae. Differences in the shape of the forewing investigated within the biotypes ofA. colemanigroup are congruent with their genetic diversification. BothA. platensisandA. colemanishare a common host range pattern, and it would be interesting to estimate and compare the role of these two species in future biological control strategies against aphids of economic importance. Our results indicate that ‘genetic screening’ is a reliable approach for identification within theA. colemanigroup. The high variation in the wing shape among species, including a significant divergence in the wing shape among specimens that emerged from different hosts, makes the forewing shape and wing venation less reliable for species determination.Aphidius platensisis diagnostified and redescribed, and the key for theA. colemanigroup is presented.
External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities
Authors: Salehyan Idean , Siroky David , Wood Reed M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough some rebel groups work hard to foster collaborative ties with civilians, others engage in egregious abuses and war crimes. We argue that foreign state funding for rebel organizations greatly reduces incentives to “win the hearts and minds” of civilians because it diminishes the need to collect resources from the population. However, unlike other lucrative resources, foreign funding of rebel groups must be understood in principal-agent terms. Some external principals—namely, democracies and states with strong human rights lobbies—are more concerned with atrocities in the conflict zone than others. Multiple state principals also lead to abuse because no single state can effectively restrain the organization. We test these conjectures with new data on foreign support for rebel groups and data on one-sided violence against civilians. Most notably, we find strong evidence that principal characteristics help influence agent actions.
Patulous eustachian tube after percutaneous balloon microcompression for trigeminal neuralgia: case report
Authors: Cresswell M , Buckland J , West P , Sparrow O 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:To report a case of patulous eustachian tube which occurred after percutaneous balloon microcompression of the Gasserian ganglion.Method:Retrospective case review.Results:A 41-year-old man was referred to our audiovestibular medicine department following episodes of autophony. These symptoms appeared two weeks after percutaneous balloon microcompression performed to treat severe trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis. A diagnosis of patulous eustachian tube was indicated by clinical examination and tympanometry. The symptoms were present for less than six months and improved without any specific treatment.Conclusion:Percutaneous balloon microcompression is a procedure used for refractory trigeminal neuralgia that can cause transient sensory and motor deficits of any of the trigeminal nerve branches. It is proposed that injury to the mandibular division in this case caused temporary tensor veli palatini dysfunction with consequent patulous eustachian tube.
Dictyonema coppinsii, a new name for the European species known asDictyonemainterruptum(Basidiomycota:Agaricales:Hygrophoraceae), with a validation of its photobiontRhizonema(Cyanoprokaryota:Nostocales:Rhizonemataceae)
Authors: LÜCKING Robert , BARRIE Fred R. , GENNEY David 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe lichenized basidiomycete known asDictyonemainterruptumis a widely distributed but rare, oceanic, western European species known from the British Isles, the Pyrenees, the Azores, and Madeira. Unfortunately, the name has never been validly published. The species was first described in the cyanobacterial genusCalothrixin 1833, which predates the starting point of heterocystous bacterial nomenclature, 1 January 1886. The epithet was never subsequently included in a validly published binomial and its combination intoDictyonemawas therefore invalid as well. There was also controversy about whether the epithet applied to the cyanobacterial photobiont (as originally intended) or to the lichen fungus (as proposed later). Because of the lack of a valid description for this epithet, we have chosen to establish a new name,Dictyonema coppinsiiLücking, Barrie & Genney, for the lichenized fungus at hand, whereas the cyanobacterial photobiont is validated with the genus nameRhizonemaLücking & Barrie, adopting the epithetinterruptumfor it, and placed in a separate family,RhizonemataceaeBüdel & Kauff ex Lücking & Barrie.
Brianaria (Psoraceae), a new genus to accommodate the Micarea sylvicola group
Authors: EKMAN Stefan , SVENSSON Måns 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new genus Brianaria S. Ekman & M. Svensson is introduced for the Micarea sylvicola group, with the new combinations Brianaria bauschiana (Körb.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson, B. lutulata (Nyl.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson, B.sylvicola (Flot. ex Körb.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson and B. tuberculata (Sommerf.) S. Ekman & M. Svensson. The new genus is characterized by a chlorococcoid, non-micareoid photobiont, small, convex apothecia without an excipulum, an ascus of the ‘Psora-type’, 0–1-septate ascospores, dimorphic paraphyses, and immersed pycnidia containing bacilliform conidia. Brianaria is shown to form a monophyletic group in the Psoraceae, where it is probably the sister group to Psora and Protoblastenia.
A new species of Micarea (Pilocarpaceae) from Madeira growing on Usnea
Authors: VAN DEN BOOM Pieter P. G. , ERTZ Damien 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new species Micarea usneae is described from Madeira. It has been found at two localities where it grew on epiphytic Usnea thalli. Micarea usneae is distinguished by a very thin pale brownish thallus, pallid to greyish black or bluish subglobose apothecia of 0·1–0·3 mm diameter, very narrow (1·5–2·5 µm) ascospores, black pycnidia and strongly curved to sigmoid macroconidia. Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU sequences place the new species in the Micarea peliocarpa group. Catillaria usneicola and Cladonia parasitica are recorded for the first time from Madeira. A key to the lichenicolous species on Usnea in Macaronesia is provided.
Developing monitoring protocols for cost-effective surveillance of lichens
Authors: BRITTON Andrea J. , MITCHELL Ruth J. , POTTS Jacqueline M. , GENNEY David R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe criteria set out by the International Union for Conservation of Nature to identify threatened species requires information on population trends which, for priority lichen species within Scotland, is lacking. Collecting such data is problematic as there is a lack of empirical information on the performance of different sampling designs and survey methodologies. Using Pseudocyphellaria norvegica as an example species, we tested differences in the efficiency of 3 transect patterns and a 20 minute search for surveying 100×100 m cells of potentially suitable habitat. The methods were not intended to census the total population of the cells but, rather, to provide a standardized, repeatable estimate of the population density to allow detection of trends through time. We also tested the repeatability of the methods between surveyors. The results provided no evidence to suggest that controlled survey methodologies using fixed transect patterns were any better in terms of consistency between surveyors or numbers of occupied trees found than 20 minute searches of the areas within each 100×100 m cell deemed suitable for the target species by an experienced surveyor. Given that following the fixed transect patterns took approximately twice as long as a 20 minute search, the search method would clearly be more cost-effective when there are large numbers of cells to survey. For all survey methods variability between surveyors was high, meaning that it would be extremely difficult to detect temporal changes in populations, and hence identify population trends. We also examined the extent to which recording presence/absence at the 1 ha scale might improve consistency between surveyors and found that it reduced, but did not eliminate, the surveyor variability. Recording only presence/absence would allow greater numbers of cells to be surveyed using the same level of resources, but would reduce the amount of information available per cell for use in analysis of population trends. We conclude that controlling inter-surveyor variability while collecting adequate data for population trend analysis is a major issue when planning and implementing any large-scale survey of lichen species.