bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a web-based video corpus through an analysis of user interactions
Authors: Caws Catherine G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs shown by several studies, successful integration of technology in language learning requires a holistic approach in order to scientifically understand what learners do when working with web-based technology (cf. Raby, 2007). Additionally, a growing body of research in computer assisted language learning (CALL) evaluation, design and development, has indicated that analysis of learners’ behaviours is an essential element to implementing high-quality technology (e.g., Chapelle, 2001; Levy & Stockwell, 2006). Hence, carefully evaluating the effectiveness of CALL by collecting empirical data on user interactions while focusing on the process of learning is integral to a holistic understanding of students’ behaviours (e.g. Felix, 2005; Hémard, 2006).This article examines a design-based research that seeks to analyse and understand the dynamics of user interactions with a specific web-based CALL tool in the context of a French as a second language (FSL) course. To this end, we present a sample of results based on an analysis of specific tasks carried out with this CALL tool that is designed in part to encourage students’ integration of critical and electronic literacies. By way of conclusion, we identify the steps that are necessary to enhance this particular CALL system and help users better achieve their learning goals. In particular, we explain the process of recycling our results in the next design phase of the CALL tool in a continuous improvement effort.
Integrating cross-cultural interaction through video-communication and virtual worlds in foreign language teaching programs: is there an added value?
Authors: Canto Silvia , Jauregi Kristi , van den Bergh Huub 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOrganizing and implementing telecollaboration projects in foreign language curricula is not an easy endeavour (Belz & Thorne, 2006; Guth & Helm, 2010), as pedagogical, organizational and technical issues have to be addressed before cross-cultural interaction sessions can be carried out (O'Dowd & Ritter, 2006; O'Dowd, 2011). These issues make many teaching practitioners reluctant to try to integrate telecollaboration in their teaching, as they are more aware of the burden such initiatives might impose than of the benefits they might have for language learners.Within the European project NIFLAR1we have tried to study the added value that integrating synchronous collaboration projects through video-web communication orSecond Lifemight have in language learning. The study presented in this paper measures the oral communicative growth of language students, who were allocated at random to one of three research conditions: (1) the VC experimental group carried out interactions with native peers through video-web communication; (2) the SL experimental group carried out the same tasks with native peers inSecond Lifeand (3) the control group performed the tasks face to face with classroom peers and had no opportunity to interact with native experts. Communicative growth was measured by comparing oral pre- and post-tests across conditions. Results show significant differences, the experimental groups outperforming the control group.
Enhancement of automatization through vocabulary learning using CALL: Can prompt language processing lead to better comprehension in L2 reading?
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Matsunuma Mitsuyasu , Suzuki Akio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOur study aims to optimize a multimedia application for vocabulary learning for English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Our study is based on the concept that difficulty in reading a text in a second language is due to the need for more working memory for word decoding skills, although the working memory must also be used for text comprehension skills. This implies that the automatization of word decoding to free the working memory is indispensable. Therefore, developing a multimedia application for vocabulary learning with a time-control function, our study hypothesizes that vocabulary learning with this function brings about the automatization of word decoding or faster recall of the meanings, and, as a result of freeing more working memory, better comprehension of text. According to our research, multimedia application users not only retained more words and recalled their meanings more quickly but also obtained higher scores on reading comprehension tests that contained the words learned through the application. From this result, we conclude that multimedia vocabulary learning with a time-control function can automatize word decoding skills and therefore free more working memory, thereby leading to better comprehension of the text.
Metamemory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Study of Sensitivity to Repetition at Encoding
Authors: Howard Charlotte E. , Andrés Pilar , Mazzoni Giuliana 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to determine whether the level of metacognitive sensitivity previously observed in global Judgments-of-Learning (JOLs) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients could also be established when making item-by-item JOLs. Fourteen TLE patients and 14 control participants were compared on a memory task where 39 semantically unrelated word pairs were presented at three different levels of repetition. Thirteen word pairs were assigned to each level. A combined JOL and Feeling-of-Knowing (FOK) task was used to examine metamemory monitoring and control processes. The results showed that control participants outperformed TLE patients on recall and recognition. However, both groups were sensitive to repetition of the word pairs throughout the list, revealing intact online monitoring and control processes at encoding. These results are consistent with the findings of Howard et al. (2010) of intact metamemory in TLE patients and extend the findings of Andrés et al. (2010) of metamemory sensitivity from the global level to the item-by-item level. Finally, the current findings provide additional evidence of a dissociation between memory and metamemory in TLE patients. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–10)
Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation Method for Multiphase Porous Functional Ceramics
Authors: Zhang W. , Kuhn L. Theil , Jørgensen P.S. , Thydén K. , Bentzen J.J. , Abdellahi E. , Sudireddy B.R. , Chen M. , Bowen J.R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn optimum method is proposed to prepare thin foil transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lamellae of multiphase porous functional ceramics: prefilling the pore space of these materials with an epoxy resin prior to focused ion beam milling. Several advantages of epoxy impregnation are demonstrated by successful preparation of TEM specimens that maintain the structural integrity of the entire lamella. Feasibility of the TEM alignment procedure is demonstrated, and ideal TEM analyses are illustrated on solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolysis cell materials. Some potential drawbacks of the TEM specimen preparation method are listed for other samples.
Acute NK1 receptor antagonist administration affects reward incentive anticipation processing in healthy volunteers
Authors: Saji Kanako , Ikeda Yumiko , Kim Woochan , Shingai Yoshitoshi , Tateno Amane , Takahashi Hidehiko , Okubo Yoshiro , Fukayama Haruhisa , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The primary brain structures of reward processing are mainly situated in the mid-brain dopamine system. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) receives dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area and works as a key brain region for the positive incentive value of rewards. Because neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor, the cognate receptor for substance P (SP), is highly expressed in the NAc, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in positive reward processing in the NAc in humans. Therefore, we conducted a functional MRI (fMRI) study to assess the effects of an NK1 receptor antagonist on human reward processing through a monetary incentive delay task that is known to elicit robust activation in the NAc especially during gain anticipation. Eighteen healthy adults participated in two series of an fMRI study, taking either a placebo or the NK1 receptor antagonist aprepitant. Behavioural measurements revealed that there was no significant difference in reaction time, hit rate, or self-reported effort for incentive cues between the placebo and aprepitant treatments. fMRI showed significant decrease in blood oxygenation-level-dependent signals in the NAc during gain anticipation with the aprepitant treatment compared to the placebo treatment. These results suggest that SP/NK1 receptor system is involved in processing of positive incentive anticipation and plays a role in accentuating positive valence in association with the primary dopaminergic pathways in the reward circuit.
A Mathematical Model for the Rational Design of Chimeric Ligands in Selective Drug Therapies
Authors: Doldán‐Martelli V , Guantes R , Míguez DG 
Published: February 2013

Chimeric drugs with selective potential toward specific cell types constitute one of the most promising forefronts of modern Pharmacology. We present a mathematical model to test and optimize these synthetic constructs, as an alternative to conventional empirical design. We take as a case study a chimeric construct composed of epidermal growth factor (EGF) linked to different mutants of interferon (IFN). Our model quantitatively reproduces all the experimental results, illustrating how chimeras using mutants of IFN with reduced affinity exhibit enhanced selectivity against cell overexpressing EGF receptor. We also investigate how chimeric selectivity can be improved based on the balance between affinity rates, receptor abundance, activity of ligand subunits, and linker length between subunits. The simplicity and generality of the model facilitate a straightforward application to other chimeric constructs, providing a quantitative systematic design and optimization of these selective drugs against certain cell‐based diseases, such as Alzheimer's and cancer.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology(2013) 2, e26; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.2; advance online publication 13 February 2013
DBC1 (Deleted in Breast Cancer 1) modulates the stability and function of the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα
Authors: Chini Claudia C. S. , Escande Carlos , Nin Veronica , Chini Eduardo N. 
Published: February 2013

The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα has been implicated as a major regulator of the circadian clock and integrates circadian rhythm and metabolism. Rev-erbα controls circadian oscillations of several clock genes and Rev-erbα protein degradation is important for maintenance of the circadian oscillations and also for adipocyte differentiation. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate Rev-erbα stability is essential for our understanding of these processes. In the present paper, we report that the protein DBC1 (Deleted in Breast Cancer 1) is a novel regulator of Rev-erbα. Rev-erbα and DBC1 interact in cells and in vivo, and DBC1 modulates the Rev-erbα repressor function. Depletion of DBC1 by siRNA (small interfering RNA) in cells or in DBC1-KO (knockout) mice produced a marked decrease in Rev-erbα protein levels, but not in mRNA levels. In contrast, DBC1 overexpression significantly enhanced Rev-erbα protein stability by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. The regulation of Rev-erbα protein levels and function by DBC1 depends on both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of DBC1. More importantly, in cells depleted of DBC1, there was a dramatic decrease in circadian oscillations of both Rev-erbα and BMAL1. In summary, our data identify DBC1 as an important regulator of the circadian receptor Rev-erbα and proposes that Rev-erbα could be involved in mediating some of the physiological effects of DBC1.
Herschel limits on far-infrared emission from circumstellar dust around three nearby Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Johansson J. , Amanullah R. , Goobar A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We report upper limits on dust emission at far-infrared (IR) wavelengths from three nearby Type Ia supernovae: SNe 2011by, 2011fe and 2012cg. Observations were carried out at 70 and 160 μm with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. None of the supernovae were detected in the far-IR, allowing us to place upper limits on the amount of pre-existing dust in the circumstellar environment. Due to its proximity, SN 2011fe provides the tightest constraints, Mdust ≲ 7 × 10−3 M⊙ at a 3σ level for dust temperatures Tdust ∼ 500 K assuming silicate or graphite dust grains of size a = 0.1 μm. For SNe 2011by and 2012cg the corresponding upper limits are less stringent, with Mdust ≲ 10−1 M⊙ for the same assumptions.
Solution to the sigma problem of pulsar wind nebulae
Authors: Porth Oliver , Komissarov Serguei S. , Keppens Rony 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We present first results of 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of pulsar wind nebulae. They show that the kink instability and magnetic dissipation inside these nebulae may be the key processes allowing them to reconcile their observations with the theory of pulsar winds. In particular, the size of the termination shock, obtained in the simulations, agrees very well with the observations even for Poynting-dominated pulsar winds. Due to magnetic dissipation the total pressure in the simulated nebulae is particle-dominated and more or less uniform. While in the main body of the simulated nebulae the magnetic field becomes rather randomized, close to the termination shock, it is dominated by the regular toroidal field freshly injected by the pulsar wind. This field is responsible for driving polar outflows and may explain the high polarization observed in pulsar wind nebulae.
Theoretical Rationality
Authors: Audi Robert 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents an account of the nature and chief varieties of theoretical rationality, conceived mainly as the rationality of cognitions—especially, beliefs. It describes the essential sources of theoretically rational cognitions: perception, memory, consciousness, reason, and testimony. It also examines the role of coherence in accounting for rational belief and distinguishes the evidential and conceptual roles of coherence. In the light of its account of sources of belief and knowledge, this article describes the structure of a rational system of cognitions in persons whose beliefs reflect both direct responsiveness to basic sources of cognition—such as perception—and inferences that build on those sources. It considers conditions for rational change of belief, and it sketches structural and developmental aspects of a person's theoretical rationality. In the concluding sections, this article discusses the scope of theoretical rationality and the kind of cognitive integration it requires.
Language Development in Williams Syndrome
Authors: Mervis Carolyn B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter begins with a brief description of Williams syndrome (WS). It then summarizes the findings from research on intellectual ability as measured by intelligence tests and considers research on early language acquisition, followed by findings from research on the language abilities of school-aged children and adolescents with WS. A central theme will be that, far from demonstrating the independence of language from cognition, WS provides strong evidence for their interdependence throughout development. The chapter ends with a short section on implications of these findings for future research and for intervention.
On Knowing More: Future Issues for Developmental Approaches to Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Burack Jacob A. , Hodapp Robert M. , Iarocci Grace , Zigler Edward 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, we summarize the contributions to this volume and to the evolving field of developmental research on intellectual disability (ID). The developmental theory and methodology reviewed in this volume reflect a level of precision and sophistication that could not have been imagined in our previous volumes from 1990 and 1998. These advances have led to an increasingly nuanced understanding of syndrome-specific cognitive and social developmental pathways, gene-brain-behavior relations, and transactions of individuals with their families and environments.
Dualism and the Beholder's Eye: Inversional Symmetry in Chromatic Tonal Music
Authors: Tymoczko Dmitri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article considers the theme of inversional symmetry as it manifests itself in Riemann's theoretical writings and in late-nineteenth-century chromatic music. It examines the mathematical properties of the concepts of symmetry underlying musical systems and explores how these symmetrical properties can be brought to bear in innovative ways on musical structures. Section 1 of the article provides a historical background by examining Rameau and his proposed laws of tonal harmony which are invariant under four basic operations: reordering, octave shift, note duplication, and chromatic disposition. It also discusses Weber's Roman numeral notation which develops and fulfills Rameau's ideas. Section 2 discusses Riemann's “dualism” as an attempt to incorporate inversion into the Rameau/Weber collection of symmetries. Section 3 examines whether the “second practice” of the nineteenth-century chromaticism involves inversional symmetry. Section 4 provides a Riemannian understanding of dualism and Section 5 illustrates a contrapuntal approach by examining a Brahms intermezzo.
On the Imagination of Tone in Schubert'sLiedesend(D473),Trost(D523), andGretchens Bitte(D564)
Authors: Clark Suzannah 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines figures 1 and 2 in Riemann's 1914–1915 article. First, it examines the different aspect of Riemann's conception of tone: his notion of Klangvertretung, that any tone may project or assume meaning as one of the three elements of a major or minor triad. Second, it explores Riemann's notion of Klangvertretung as outlined in his “Ideen zu einer ‘Lehre on den Tonvorstellungen’”. Third, the article demonstrates the analytical utility of the concept, exploring how attention to the changing triadic-functional identities of tones in three Schubert Lieder offers an enriched view of structural and chromatic third relations in the works.
Metric Freedoms in Brahms's Songs
Authors: Berry Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on Riemann's thoughts on the temporal features of music, found in his article “Metric Freedoms in Brahms's Songs”. Riemann's essay is notable, first, because it presents an almost contemporary account of Brahms's music. Second, it presents what is for Riemann a rare analytical account involving vocal music—a repertoire Riemann generally considers as inferior to absolute music. And third, its dissimilarity to Riemann's more systematic theories of rhythm and meter makes his essay interesting. In this article, the aim is to demonstrate using two examples, how in an individual case, one can clarify musical structure through detailed analysis hence opening up new sources of appreciation. Two universally known songs are used as samples in this article and these are: “Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer,” op. 105/2, and “Schwalbe, sag'mir an,” op. 107/3. In addition, the article also reveals Riemann as a sensitive analyst, responding to issues of declamation, harmony, and notated meter, and offers insights not simply into the music but into Riemann's theoretical and analytical methodologies as well.
Being
Authors: Wippel John F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAquinas mentioned that the word ‘being’ (ens) signifies ‘that which is’ or ‘that which exists’. Aquinas recognized with Parmenides that the act of being cannot be divided by something completely outside being itself in the way a genus is divided into species by differences, for outside being there is only nonbeing and, as he also held, being is not a genus. Aquinas reasons that being can be divided by certain modes that are realized within being. These may be either certain general modes that follow upon every being, or more particularized modes that correspond to diverse modes of existing. The general modes of being (often referred to as transcendentals) are found wherever being itself is realized so that every being is also ‘one’, a ‘thing’, ‘something’ ‘good’, and ‘true’. Aquinas denied that a proper definition could be given for substance or for the other predicaments because each of them is a supreme genus and again because being itself cannot be regarded as a genus. Aquinas argued for a fundamental composition and distinction within every finite substance of two distinct ontological principles of being that include an essence that accounts for the fact that it is a being of a given kind and a distinct act of existing (esse) that accounts for the fact that it actually exists.
Causation
Authors: Rota Michael 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAquinas used the term ‘agent’ referring to a created substance or to God. Aquinas's concept of substance explains that substances are set apart from accidents by the fact that substances are subsistent things. Aquinas believed that each substance belong to a particular species and has a complete nature common to any other members of that species that there may be. He also mentioned that there is a distinctive set of causal powers corresponding to each specific nature. Aquinas called the change (or motion) produced by the agent the ‘passion’. Aquinas considered active powers as real (though not necessarily physical) components of a thing that enable it to act in certain ways. A passive power is something posited to account for the fact that a thing is capable of being acted upon in a certain way, that is, to account for the fact that a thing is capable of undergoing a certain sort of passion. Aquinas claimed that every agent (living and nonliving) acts by intending some end. Aquinas did not think that inanimate objects do things out of an awareness of some goal. Aquinas distinguished two types of inclinations that include natural and voluntary. The types of natural inclinations are fire's inclination to heat and a stone's inclination to fall. A voluntary inclination is just any act of the will.
God's Simplicity
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAquinas explained the doctrine of divine simplicity with three claims. The first distinguished God from material objects. It is impossible that God have any spatial or temporal parts that could be distinguished from one another as here rather than there or as now rather than then. The second claims that the standard distinction between an entity's essential and intrinsic accidental properties cannot apply to God. It is impossible that God has any intrinsic accidental properties. The third claim rules out the possibility of components of any kind in the essence that is the divine nature. Even when it has been recognized that all God's intrinsic properties must be essential to him, it must be acknowledged as well. Aquinas maintained that because God is simple, human beings can know what God is not, but they cannot know anything of what God is. If the doctrine of simplicity implies that God is esse alone, then it seems that many of the standard divine attributes discussed and accepted by Aquinas cannot be applied to God. Those attributes apply only to something that is an id quod est.