bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predictive of drop‐out and weight loss success in weight management of obese patients
Authors: Ortner Hadžiabdić M. , Mucalo I. , Hrabač P. , Matić T. , Rahelić D. , Božikov V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention and treatment of overweight and obese individuals on a population‐wide basis is challenging because patients have difficulties with adhering to weight loss programmes. The present study aimed to evaluate patients' adherence to the weight reduction programme by identifying factors predictive of both drop‐out rate and weight loss success.MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty‐four obese patients participated in a 12‐month weight reduction programme, involving group therapy during an intensive 5‐day educational intervention, followed by five, 2‐h follow‐up visits. The primary outcome measures included drop‐out rate and percentage weight loss. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as type of diet, were explored as potential predictive factors. Type of diet was assigned based on randomisation. Regression analyses were conducted to identify predictive variables of drop‐out and weight loss success.ResultsIn total, 33.1% of all recruited participants were deemed successful because they reduced the initial weight by more than 5% after the 12‐month intervention. The overall attrition rate was 32.3%. In a multiple regression model, initial weight loss and marital status were the strongest predictors of weight loss success after 1‐year period (r2 = 0.481, P < 0.001). In a separate analysis, subjects more likely to drop‐out were those with a lower educational level [odds ratio (OR) = 3.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–8.70, P = 0.018] and a higher level of obesity (OR = 0.974, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that initial weight loss at 1 month made the strongest unique contribution to the prediction of percentage weight loss after 12 months, whereas being married was a negative predictor. Those with a lower educational level and a higher level of obesity were more likely to drop‐out.
Lichenoid dysplasia revisited – evidence from a review of Indian archives
Authors: Patil Shankargouda , Rao Roopa S. , Sanketh D. S. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: September 2014

Aim and objectivesTo report on the prevalence of ‘lichenoid dysplasia’ (LD) in oral mucosal biopsies previously reported as oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) and oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Based on this case series, to postulate whether features of dysplasia are present in biopsies with a diagnosis of OLP or OLL and vice versa that warrant a separate diagnostic entity of ‘lichenoid dysplasia’.Material and methodsThis retrospective, multicentre study was carried out by retrieving archival slides of cases diagnosed with OLP, OLL and OED. Diagnostic criteria for the study were based on published guidelines from seminal papers. A total of 165 cases, 70 OLP and OLL and 95 epithelial dysplasia cases, were re‐examined. The diagnosis of OLPs and OLLs was first reconfirmed according to published diagnostic criteria. They were then verified for microscopic features of epithelial dysplasia. Among cases of leukoplakia diagnosed with epithelial dysplasia, we further verified for the presence of lichenoid features.ResultsA total of 70 cases of OLP and OLL were microscopically evaluated (OLP‐54; OLL‐16). Epithelial dysplasia was noted in 11 cases (OLP – 8 of 54; OLL – 3 of 16). Nineteen cases of OLP (19 of 54) were found to bear features of OLLs as per published diagnostic criteria. Among the OED group, 22 of the 95 cases showed lichenoid features.ConclusionThe study confirms lichenoid features may be found in OEDs and epithelial dysplasia may be found in OLP/OLL. We reconfirm that these microscopic features may coexist. Our findings require further discussion by a panel of experts to redefine the entity known as ‘lichenoid dysplasia’. Future studies should address the concept of lichenoid dysplasia that may assist to resolve any controversies with regard to the malignant potential of OLP.
An Exploration of Family and Juvenile Justice Systems to Reduce Youth HIV/STI Risk
Authors: Elkington Katherine S. , Belmonte Kimberly , Latack Jessica A. , Mellins Claude Ann , Wasserman Gail A. , Donenberg Geri R. , Hirsch Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2014

Using in‐depth interviews with 20 probation youth (60% female; 35% White; 30% Hispanic; mean age: 15 years, range = 13–17), their caregivers (100% female; mean age: 44 years, range = 34–71), and 12 female probation officers (100% White; mean age: 46 years, range = 34–57), we explored how family and probation systems exacerbate or mitigate sexual risk. We conducted thematic analyses of interviews, comparing narratives of families of sexually risky (n = 9) versus nonsexually risky (n = 11) youth. Family functioning differed by youth sexual risk behavior around quality of relationships, communication, and limit setting and monitoring. The involvement of families of sexually risky youth in probation positively influenced family functioning. Data suggest that these families are amenable to intervention and may benefit from family‐based HIV/STI interventions delivered in tandem with probation.
Familism Values, Perspective Taking, and Prosocial Moral Reasoning: Predicting Prosocial Tendencies Among Mexican American Adolescents
Authors: Knight George P. , Carlo Gustavo , Basilio Camille D. , Jacobson Ryan P. 
Published: September 2014

Mexican American youth often engage in relatively high levels of prosocial behaviors. We theorize that this may be due to a cultural value system that encourages familism values, which, in turn, may foster the development of sociocognitive processes that promote prosocial behaviors. Two hundred and five Mexican American early adolescent youth (Mage = 10.9 years, SD = 0.84; 51% girls) reported their familism values, perspective taking, prosocial moral reasoning, and six types of prosocial behaviors. The results indicated that perspective taking partially mediated the relation between familism values and the specific prosocial tendencies theoretically linked to the Mexican American culture. The study demonstrated the utility of integrating cultural and traditional developmental mechanisms in attempting to explain prosocial behaviors.
Body Image Disturbances and Predictors of Body Dissatisfaction Among Hispanic and White Preadolescents
Authors: Olvera Norma , McCarley Kendall , Rodriguez Augusto X. , Noor Nausheen , Hernández‐Valero María A. 
Published: September 2014

This study assessed ethnic and gender differences in ideal body size, body dissatisfaction (BD), and the relationship between BD and various predictors (e.g., body composition indicators and cardiorespiratory fitness). The sample consisted of 190 White and Hispanic preadolescents aged 10–13 years. Demographic, percent body fat (%BF), body mass index (BMI), body image variables, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were examined. A significant Gender × Ethnicity interaction was found for ideal body size (p < .05), with Hispanic girls preferring the thinnest figures and Hispanic boys the largest figures, compared to their counterparts. No significant gender or ethnic differences in BD were observed. After controlling for demographic and cultural variables, increased %BF and BMI scores predicted greater BD, whereas CRF did not.
DIALYSIS SERVICES FOR TOURISTS TO THE VENETO REGION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Footman Katharine , Mitrio Silva , Zanon Dario , Glonti Ketevan , Risso‐Gill Isabelle , McKee Martin , Knai Cécile 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundThe European Union has an established mechanism which enables patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) to receive dialysis abroad, allowing them to benefit from the legal right to freedom of movement. The number of patients seeking dialysis abroad has increased in recent years and the Veneto Region of Italy, a major tourist destination, has made significant investment in providing tourist haemodialysis services.AimsTo understand the issues involved in providing dialysis services for tourists moving within the European Union, such as the experience of patients using the service, the challenges faced by professionals and patients and continuity of care.DesignSemi‐structured interviews.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with patients, health professionals and key stakeholders in two dialysis centres set up for tourists in the Veneto Region's Local Health Authority 10.ResultsThe study uncovered high levels of patient satisfaction and a positive impact on patients' quality of life. However, the service faces a number of challenges relating to accessibility, language barriers and continuity of care for the patient when leaving Veneto. The study also demonstrates the importance of coordinating care prior to the tourists' stay.ConclusionsTourist dialysis centres are necessary to make the right to freedom of movement for patients with ESKD a reality. The findings suggest that communicating and coordinating high‐quality care across borders in the EU may be facilitated by increased standardisation of norms and documents for continuity of care, such as care plans and discharge summaries.
Bilingual flipcharts help improve oral health‐related knowledge and self‐efficacy of Korean‐American caregivers of preschoolers
Authors: Chi Donald L. , Ko Alice , Kim Jeffrey Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe have limited knowledge on ways to improve oral health‐related behaviors for caregivers of minority preschoolers. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bilingual educational flipchart.MethodsWe piloted a bilingual flipchart with Korean‐American caregivers of preschoolers (n = 219) and administered pre‐/post‐intervention surveys. The paired t‐test evaluated changes in knowledge and self‐efficacy (for all caregivers and stratified by acculturation).ResultsThere were significant improvements in knowledge on the bacterial etiology of tooth decay (P = 0.02), mother‐to‐child transmission of tooth decay (P = 0.03), fluoride toothpaste safety (P < 0.0001), and dental visit frequency (P < 0.0001). Caregivers' self‐efficacy to keep their child's teeth healthy also improved (P < 0.0001). There were differences in knowledge measures based on caregivers' acculturation.ConclusionsBilingual educational materials help improve the oral health‐related knowledge and self‐efficacy of Korean‐American caregivers of preschoolers. Larger confirmatory studies are needed and future work should evaluate clinical outcomes associated with improved knowledge and self‐efficacy.
Temporal variability in the isotopic niches of rocky shore grazers and suspension‐feeders
Authors: Richoux Nicole B. , Ndhlovu Rachel T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCarbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were measured in rocky inter‐tidal suspension‐feeders (brown mussels and cape reef worms) and grazers (goat's eye limpets and cape sea urchins) to determine the influences of lifestyle and time on the diets of consumers. Niche partitioning between consumer species within the same feeding guild was assessed using isotopic niche area (a proxy for trophic niche). Specimens were collected monthly at a single site in Southeastern South Africa from July 2010 to June 2011. Temporal variations in isotopic signatures were generally greater in the suspension‐feeders compared with the grazers, isotopic niche widths were smaller in the suspension‐feeders and intra‐population variations in isotope signatures were larger in the grazers. No inter‐specific niche overlap (according to standard ellipse areas) was observed within either feeding guild unless standardization calculations were used. Temporal variations in the diets of all the consumers appeared uncoupled from temporal variability in the isotopic signatures of basal resources in the region; as such, shifts in the consumer diets most likely pertained to feeding behaviour and food preferences. Our data provide new insights into how syntopic rocky shore consumers coexist by partitioning their temporally variable food environment.
Genetic and non‐genetic factors that increase the risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate development
Authors: Bezerra JF , Oliveira GHM , Soares CD , Cardoso ML , Ururahy MAG , Neto FPF , Lima‐Neto LG , Luchessi AD , Silbiger VN , Fajardo CM , de Oliveira SR , Almeida M das G , Hirata RDC , de Rezende AA , Hirata MH 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesWe investigated the relationship between non‐syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCLP) and polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTR), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and RFC1, as well as the corresponding interactions with environmental factors.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred and forty NSCLP patients and their mothers, as well as 175 control individuals and their mothers, were recruited. Information regarding smoking and alcohol consumption was recorded. Blood samples were obtained in order to measure serum folate and cobalamin, as well as, plasma total homocysteine concentrations and to extract DNA. Polymorphisms in MTHFR(677C>T and 1298A>C), MTR(2756A>G), MTR(66A>G), and RFC1(80A>G) were analyzed by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsAmong the patients, 59.5% had cleft lip and palate, 22.0% had cleft palate, and 18.5% had cleft lip only. Maternal alcohol consumption and reduced folic acid concentrations in both children and mothers (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) were risk factors for NSCLP. Patients and their mothers carrying the MTHFR 667T allele showed lower serum folate than CC (P = 0.011 and P = 0.030, respectively). Mothers who carried the MTHFR 1298C allele exhibited increased risk of having a child with NSCLP, after adjusting for alcohol consumption (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.03–2.99, P = 0.038).ConclusionsReduced folic acid levels, alcohol consumption, and the MTHFR 677T and 1298C alleles may have contributed to NSCLP development in this sample population from Rio Grande do Norte.
Post‐transplant adjustment – The later years
Authors: Fredericks Emily M. , Zelikovsky Nataliya , Aujoulat Isabelle , Hames Anna , Wray Jo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs survival rates for pediatric solid organ transplantation have continued to improve, researchers and healthcare providers have increasingly focused on understanding and enhancing the HRQOL and psychosocial functioning of their patients. This manuscript reviews the psychosocial functioning of pediatric transplant recipients during the “later years,” defined as more than three yr post‐transplant, and focuses on the day‐to‐day impact of living with a transplant after the immediate period of adjustment and early years after surgery. Key topics reviewed include HRQOL, cognitive functioning, impact on the family, regimen adherence, and transition of responsibility for self‐management tasks. Overall, pediatric transplant recipients evidence impairment in HRQOL, neuropsychological outcomes, and family functioning as compared to non‐transplant recipients. However, the degree of impairment is influenced by a variety of factors including, disease severity, age, solid organ type, and study methodologies. Studies are limited by small samples, cross‐sectional design, and the lack of universal assessment battery to allow for comparisons across solid organ populations. Areas for future research are discussed.
Editorial Approaches to Wittgenstein's Nachlass: Towards a Historical Appreciation
Authors: Erbacher Christian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBuilding on the unpublished correspondence between Ludwig Wittgenstein's literary executors Rush Rhees, Elizabeth Anscombe and Georg Henrik von Wright, this paper sketches the historical development of different editorial approaches to Wittgenstein's Nachlass. Using the metaphor of a ladder, it is possible to distinguish seven significant “rungs” or “steps” in the history of editing Wittgenstein's writings. The paper focuses particularly on the first four rungs, elucidating how Rhees, Anscombe and von Wright developed different editorial approaches that resulted in significant differences in their editions. The paper sheds light on how these editorial differences are grounded in the editors' divergent understandings of their task. It is suggested that future research may investigate the development of editorial approaches to Wittgenstein's Nachlass as a human story of philosophical inheritance.
Forty Years of Research on Xeroderma Pigmentosum at the US National Institutes of Health
Authors: Kraemer Kenneth H. , DiGiovanna John J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn 1968, Dr. James Cleaver reported defective DNA repair in cultured cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum. This link between clinical disease and molecular pathophysiology has sparked interest in understanding not only the clinical characteristics of sun sensitivity, damage and cancer that occurred in XP patients but also the mechanisms underlying the damage and repair. While affected patients are rare, their exaggerated UV damage provides a window into the workings of DNA repair. These studies have clarified the importance of a functioning DNA repair system to the maintenance of skin and neurologic health in the general population. Understanding the role of damage in causing cancer, neurologic degeneration, hearing loss and internal cancers provides an opportunity for prevention and treatment. Characterizing complementation groups pointed to the importance of different underlying genes. Studying differences in cancer age of onset and underlying molecular signatures in cancers occurring either in XP patients or the general population has led to insights into differences in carcinogenic mechanisms. The accelerated development of cancers in XP has been used as a model to discover new cancer chemopreventive agents. An astute insight can be a “tipping point” triggering decades of productive inquiry.
Three hundred and seventy‐two novel HLA class II alleles identified in potential hematopoietic stem cell donors from Germany, the United States, and Poland
Authors: Hernández‐Frederick C. J. , Cereb N. , Giani A. S. , Ruppel J. , Maraszek A. , Pingel J. , Sauter J. , Schmidt A. H. , Yang S. Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe have characterized 372 novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles identified in newly registered stem cell donors, this includes 281 HLA‐DRB1 alleles, 89 HLA‐DQB1 alleles and 2 HLA‐DPB1 alleles. Most novel alleles were single nucleotide variants when compared to their respective most homologous alleles. In 66.4% of all novel alleles non‐synonymous nucleotide variations were identified, in 30.4% synonymous substitutions and in 3.2% nonsense mutations. Ninty‐three (25.0%) novel alleles were found in several individuals; most often these were novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles. Lastly, we underline the importance of recruiting ethnic minority donors in countries such as Germany and the United States, as novel alleles were frequently found among these groups.
Genomic full length sequence of a novel killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor, KIR3DL1*0010103 identified by sequencing
Authors: Yindom L.‐M. , James K. , de Silva T. I. , Rowland‐Jones S. L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKIR3DL1*0010103 differs from KIR3DL1*0010101 with four single nucleotide polymorphisms.
The Fregoli Delusion: A Disorder of Person Identification and Tracking
Authors: Langdon Robyn , Connaughton Emily , Coltheart Max 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFregoli delusion is the mistaken belief that some person currently present in the deluded person's environment (typically a stranger) is a familiar person in disguise. The stranger is believed to be psychologically identical to this known person (who is not present) even though the deluded person perceives the physical appearance of the stranger as being different from the known person's typical appearance. To gain a deeper understanding of this contradictory error in the normal system for tracking and identifying known persons, we conducted a detailed survey of all the Fregoli cases reported in the literature since the seminal Courbon and Fail (1927) paper. Our preliminary reading of these cases revealed a notable lack of definitional clarity. So, we first formulated a classification scheme of different person misidentification delusions so as to identify those cases that qualified as instances of Fregoli according to the above characterization: the mistaken belief that a known person is present in the environment in a different guise to his or her typical appearance. We identified 38 clear cases of this type and set out to answer a series of questions motivated by current hypotheses about the origin of the Fregoli delusion. We asked whether the patients misidentified particular strangers, made reference to the misidentified known persons using wigs or plastic surgery (or other techniques to disguise their appearance), misidentified many different strangers or only one, showed other symptoms (in particular, other misidentification delusions), and made inferences about the motives of the known persons in disguise. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for current hypotheses concerning the origin of the Fregoli delusion.
The pulmonary vasculature – lessons from Tibetans and from rare diseases of oxygen sensing
Authors: Frise Matthew C. , Robbins Peter A. 
Published: September 2014

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review is principally concerned with results from studies of the pulmonary vasculature in humans, particularly in relation to hypoxia and rare diseases that affect oxygen sensing.
What advances does it highlight?
This review highlights the degree to which the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) transcription system influences human pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia. Upregulation of the HIF pathway augments hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, while alterations to the pathway found in Tibetans are associated with suppression of the progressive increase in pulmonary artery pressure with sustained hypoxia. It also highlights the potential importance of iron, which modulates the HIF pathway, in modifying the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia.
The human pulmonary circulation loses its natural distensibility during sustained hypoxia, leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension and a much higher workload for the right ventricle. The hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway is implicated in this pulmonary vascular response to continued hypoxia by animal studies, and additionally, by rare human diseases where the pathway is upregulated. However, there are no known human genetic diseases downregulating HIF. Tibetans, though, demonstrate blunted pulmonary vascular responses to sustained hypoxia. This seems to be accounted for by an altered HIF pathway as a consequence of natural selection over a period of many thousands of years lived at high altitude. In addition to genetic differences, iron is another important modulator of HIF pathway function. Experimental work in humans demonstrates that manipulation of iron stores can influence the behaviour of the pulmonary circulation during hypoxia, in ways analogous to that seen in Tibetans and patients with rare diseases that affect oxygen sensing. The importance of physiological differences in iron bioavailability in modulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in health and disease is yet to be established.