bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of duodenal–jejunal bypass liner for obesity and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Feng Jia , Dong Shiliang , Guo Jie , Zhou Fuqing , Hu Songhao , Hu Ruixiang , Wang Cunchuan , Ma Yi , Dong Zhiyong 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of duodenal–jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted up to September 15, 2022. Thirty studies involving 1751 patients were included. At 12 months post‐implantation, the reduction in body mass index (BMI) was 4.8 kg/m2 (95% CI 4.1, 5.5), with an excess weight loss of 41.3% (95% CI 33.4%,49.2%) and a total weight loss of 13.1% (95% CI 10.1%, 16.0%). Significant decrease was observed in HbA1c and fasting glucose, with a standardized mean difference of − 0.72 (95% CI − 0.95, − 0.48) and − 0.62 (95% CI − 0.82, − 0.42), respectively. However, these improvements in weight loss and glycemic control were only partially sustained after explantation. In situ, DJBL significantly improves blood pressure and lipid levels. The pooled early removal rate was 19%, and the incidence of severe adverse events was 17%, including device migration (6%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (4%), device obstruction (4%), and hepatic abscess (2%). DJBL offers significant improvement in weight loss and glycemic control, as well as cardiovascular parameters while in situ. Further studies are warranted to better understand the long‐term efficacy and safety of DJBL. The benefits of DJBL need to be carefully weighed against the risks in clinical decision‐making.
Deciphering interleukin‐18 in diabetes and its complications: Biological features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Gui Runlin , Ren Yuanyuan , Wang Zhen , Li Yang , Wu Chengsong , Li Xiaofang , Li Man , Li Yujia , Qian Lu , Xiong Yuyan 
Published: August 2024

SummaryInterleukin‐18 (IL‐18), a potent and multifunctional pro‐inflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in regulating β‐cell failure, β‐cell death, insulin resistance, and various complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). It exerts its effects by triggering various signaling pathways, enhancing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), as well as promoting immune cells infiltration and β‐cells death. Abnormal alterations in IL‐18 levels have been revealed to be strongly associated with the onset and development of DM and its complications. Targeting IL‐18 may present a novel and promising approach for DM therapy. An increasing number of IL‐18 inhibitors, including chemical and natural inhibitors, have been developed and have been shown to protect against DM and diabetic complications. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the production, biological functions, action mode, and activated signaling pathways of IL‐18. Next, we shed light on how IL‐18 contributes to the pathogenesis of DM and its associated complications with links to its roles in the modulation of β‐cell failure and death, insulin resistance in various tissues, and pancreatitis. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting IL‐18 for the diagnosis and treatment of DM is also highlighted. We hope that this review will help us better understand the functions of IL‐18 in the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, providing novel strategies for DM diagnosis and treatment.
Genome‐Wide Association Studies Predicted Drought Stress Occuring at Anthesis and Post‐Anthesis Stages in Novel Diverse Germplasm of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Arif Mian Abdur Rehman , Favero Bruno Trevenzoli , Bhatnagar‐Mathur Pooja , Lopes Marta S. , Liu Fulai , Singh Sukhwinder 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study employed genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to identify the crucial marker–trait associations (MTAs) for agronomic and physiological traits in bread wheat grown under full irrigation and 40% reduced irrigation. One hundred twenty‐four genotypes derived from three‐way crosses of landraces and synthetic bread wheat were evaluated for 2 years in the field conditions of CIMMYT Obregon, Mexico. Irrigation was not provided at anthesis and post‐anthesis stage for the drought treatment, and data of 12 traits were recorded. Most of the traits were reduced significantly under drought conditions except for vigour, wax and spike length (SL); genotypes were significantly different for the eight traits except for days to heading (DTH), number of grains spike−1 (NGS), normalized difference in vegetation index (NDVI) and canopy temperature depression (CTD); and differences were also significant for five traits between the years. Moreover, GY was significantly and negatively correlated with wax and CTD. Our GWAS results indicated 117 significant (p ≤ 0.001) MTAs distributed on all the wheat chromosomes except chromosomes 4B and 4D explaining 10%–21.5% of the phenotypic variation of the corresponding traits. Moreover, 22 MTAs were recorded for grain yield and explaining the phenotypic variations up to 14.7% with one common association under both irrigated and drought conditions. Additionally, we also identified the associations for NDVI, CTD and SL at chromosome 1B, suggesting that genotypes are sustaining superior grain yield through better values of traits like NDVI, CTD, and SL under the challenging conditions of anthesis and post‐anthesis drought stress.
The Propagation and Reduction of Uncertainty Left Unquantified by Confidence Intervals, p-Values, Neural Network Predictions, Posterior Distributions, and Other Statistical Results
Authors: Bickel David R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the use of statistical models to analyze data, there is not only the uncertainty quantified by the models but also uncertainty about which models are adequate for some purpose, such as weighing the evidence for or against a hypothesis of scientific interest. This paper provides methods for propagating such unquantified uncertainty to the results under a unified framework of adequate model averaging. Specifically, the weight of each model used in the average is the probability that it is the most useful model. To allow for the case that none of the models considered would be useful, a catch-all model is included in the model average at a different level of the hierarchy. The catch-all model is the vacuous model in imprecise probability theory, the model that puts no restrictions on the probabilities of statements about the unknown values of interest. That enables defining the proportion of the uncertainty left unquantified by a model as the probability that it is inadequate in the sense of being less useful than the catch-all model. A lower bound for the proportion of unquantified uncertainty of the averaged model decreases as more models are added to the average.
Accuracy of Steady Pneumatic Probes in Unsteady Turbomachinery Flows
Authors: Widera Tim Sebastian , Patzer Bastian , Behre Stephan , Jeschke Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study shows that no additional measurement error due to unsteadiness was detected, when measuring in periodic turbo-machinery flows at frequencies up to 5 kHz with steady, pneumatic probes.
An experiment was designed, which consisted of abstracted rotors placed in the jet of a free stream wind tunnel. Five steady and unsteady probes were compared in the periodic, turbomachinery-like wakes at Mach numbers up to 0.8. The impacts of unsteadiness, probe head size and shape, and distance between probe and rotor were systematically investigated at up to 90 operating points. Within the limits imposed by unsteady pressure transducers, the experiments demonstrated the absence of a frequency-dependent effect on the measurements by comparing the time-averaged measurements of identically shaped steady and unsteady probes.
Measurements with hemispherical five-hole probes of two sizes and kielhead probes at the same location deviated significantly due to different interaction with the upstream rotor. Distance variations between probe and rotor showed that each combination of probe and flow should be evaluated individually.
The study concludes that pneumatic probes offer a reasonable means to measure the mean flow downstream of a rotor, accurately reproducing time-averaged values. However, careful individual evaluation of probes is essential to minimise measurement uncertainty.
Analysis of the Inlet Recirculation Phenomenon in a High-Speed Industrial Centrifugal Compressor: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Ullah Tariq , Klüver Merle , Jaatinen-Värri Ahti , Turunen-Saaresti Teemu , Sobczak Krzysztof , Liskiewicz Grzegorz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research paper presents an investigation of the local flow instability known as inlet recirculation in a high-speed industrial centrifugal compressor. This phenomenon might appear when a compressor operates at a lower than the design mass flow rate and approaches the surge line. The study combines experimental measurements with a 3D steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using the k-ω Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. The single-passage CFD model was validated against the experimental data for the design speed line. A detailed mesh independence study was conducted to estimate the discretization uncertainty and evaluate grid refinement at the design point. The results indicate that as the mass flow rate decreases and approaches the surge line, the inlet recirculation phenomenon is observed. The inlet recirculation is quantitatively analyzed, and the blockage it causes is determined. It was found that inlet recirculation can account for approximately 9% of the compressor mass flow rate and can block up to 38% of the flow area at the impeller inlet. Also, the expansion of the inlet recirculation zones was growing in two phases, showing significant radial and streamwise growth as the inlet blockage increased. For lower inlet blockage, the radial growth dominated the streamwise growth. While the streamwise growth increased significantly with relatively constant radial expansion at the higher inlet blockage.
Hydrogen Co-Firing Demonstration at Constellation Hillabee Siemens Energy SGT6-6000g Power Plant
Authors: Harper James , Gibeaut Duane , Lozier Mark , Sake Richard , Wolf Thorsten , Noble David R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gas Turbines will need to reduce CO2 emissions and prove their flexibility based on market needs and new proposed rules [2]. Economically, utilizing existing gas turbine assets to meet these requirements will be of great benefit as compared to building new turbines. Even better, determining the lowest cost least intrusive upgrades required is of great interest to power producers. The demonstration described here was conducted on one (1) GT unit at the Constellation Hillabee power plant (Siemens Energy SGT6-6000G 2x1 configuration) which doubled the mass flow of hydrogen of previous record-breaking DLN demonstrations. The testing was done on an unaltered, existing GT asset, which provides great value for those GTs which are already providing power using natural gas. The demonstrated hydrogen blending percentage of 38.8% (resulting in approximately 18% reduction in CO2 emissions) proved the system capable of meeting the first BSER goals set forth in recent proposed US EPA gas turbine rules. Such demonstrations are of critical importance as they show the inherent capability to meet reduced carbon power generation requirements without more significant cost outlays. This report documents the evaluation, preparation, execution, and results from this demonstration testing. The results are provided for the gas turbine community to use as insight into the capability and flexibility of existing assets to meet the future demands of reduced carbon power generation. Specific information around safety, reliability, emissions, and operability are discussed to provide context around existing asset capability.
Superposition of Overall Cooling Effectiveness on a Turbine Blade Leading Edge
Authors: Hopkins Bailey W. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Increasingly harsh turbine environments necessitate the design of more advanced cooling techniques as well as prediction of those cooling schemes’ performance at engine conditions. For several decades, film cooling design has been accelerated through a low-order superposition of adiabatic effectiveness in order to quickly approximate the combined effect of multiple rows of cooling holes, the individual rows of which have already been characterized. While that legacy technique is able to approximately superpose the benefits of multiple rows of external film cooling holes, it is unable to superpose the added benefits of additional internal cooling features. This limitation of traditional film cooling superposition has been overcome with a new technique that allows superposition of overall effectiveness which is influenced by both external film cooling and internal cooling. In this paper, the new overall effectiveness superposition technique is evaluated in a turbine airfoil leading edge showerhead region. The superposition technique is shown to be effective at predicting the added benefit of an additional row of cooling holes in the leading edge region along with the associated internal cooling that accompanies the additional row of cooling holes. Special care must be taken, however, due to pressure gradients associated with the leading edge curvature.
Mechanical Performance and Material Characterization of Fused Filament Fabricated ABD 900 Superalloy
Authors: Siddiqui Sanna F. , Fandetti Dustin , Scott-Emuakpor Onome 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM)/metal fused filament fabrication (MFFF) process for metal 3D printing is actively being sought as a potentially viable manufacturing option for jet engine propulsion materials. Its low cost, safety/ease in part manufacturing and operation coupled with its potential to efficiently develop deployable ready structures, makes it an attractive option for manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys, compared to laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing technologies. ABD®900 is a nickel-based superalloy with high strength and corrosion/oxidation resistance at extreme temperatures, which has gained interest in its potential to be additively manufactured through the LPBF technology and reported to yield enhanced mechanical performance at high temperatures as compared with existing nickel-based superalloys, such as LPBF Inconel 718. This novel study is of the first of its kind to report on the ambient tensile response/properties and fracture mechanics exhibited by FFF ABD®900 green test coupons, and to assess the structural integrity of green and sintered cubes through material characterization techniques. Preliminary research findings on green tensile coupons and cubes reveal presence of considerable interlayer delamination and interlayer voids/porosity, with crazing marks evident on sample surface of green tensile coupons. A wide distribution of powder particles sizes is apparent, with most retaining their circular geometry but elliptical/oblong geometry of powder particles evident as well. Upon completion of the initial sintering cycle of cube specimens, presence of warping and shrinkage are quantifiably evident. The concluding position on the initial sintering trial identifies a need for precise furnace controls and understanding of part temperature as it transitions from green to brown to complete part densification.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Influence of Cavitation on the Head Drop Curves of Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Kaya Mehmet , Ayder Erkan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cavitation is a major problem in pump operation because this phenomenon may lead to hydraulic performance loss, increased noise levels, and various types of instabilities. Therefore, fast and robust calculation methods that the industry can confidently use to predict cavitation are being actively studied.
In the present work, the cavitation performance of pumps designed at two specific speeds is studied numerically and experimentally. Net positive suction head (NPSH) measurements for the pumps are performed over their operating ranges. Moreover, Q-NPSH3 and head drop curves are obtained for the pumps at metric specific speeds of 22.4 (rotating at 2950 rpm) and 12.5 (rotating at 1475 rpm), respectively. Cavitation is visualized by a stroboscopic light source and recorded at various NPSH levels for three different flow rates. The relationship between cavity length and head drop is revealed.
The Singhal [18] model, a homogeneous mixture cavitation model, is typically used in numerical calculations. A turbulent viscosity correction for the multiphase calculations of cavitating flow around hydrofoils is proposed in the literature. In the present work, this correction is applied to modify the Singhal [18] cavitation model, and the head drop curve of the pump with ns = 22.4 is computed using this modified model. Consequently, the compatibility between the numerical and experimental results is found to improve. Accordingly, the cavitation calculations for the pump with ns = 12.5 are performed using the modified model. The computed cavitation structures at various points on the head drop curves are compared with experimental images. Geometrically similar forms are achieved.
High Effectiveness Tip Cooling Using Inclined Slots
Authors: Mutekwa Macdonald , Vieira Joao , Farfaras Maximilian G. , Coull John D. , Bacic Marko , Ireland Peter T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The tip of the High-Pressure Turbine (HPT) blade is critical for gas turbine performance. Hot gas leaking through the tip gap tends to oxidize and erode the blade, while generating significant aerodynamic loss. Squealer tips are often used to maximize efficiency, but the thin rims are thermally vulnerable and difficult to cool. The resultant degradation often limits engine life, turbine entry temperatures and thermal efficiency.
This work considers means to improve the cooling of squealer tips to minimize degradation. Compared to conventional, cylindrical-hole designs, a step-change improvement in cooling effectiveness can be achieved using near-tip slots. In this configuration, coolant is ejected in an approximately streamwise direction along the pressure side rim, cooling a large area with high effectiveness. Experiments characterizing cooling and aerodynamics are performed in a representative linear cascade on an inclined slot design developed to enhance manufacturability while retaining high cooling effectiveness. This design is shown to more than double the cooling effectiveness on the pressure side rim compared to a conventional discrete-hole baseline. Improved coolant shielding is retained for varying massflow rates, tip clearances, and density ratios. Aerodynamic measurements show that the slot design can outperform the baseline provided the coolant mass fraction between the slots is suitably optimized.
Predicting Dust Erosion in a Counter-Rotating Fan
Authors: Ghenaiet Adel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Counter-rotating fans (CRFs) become an attractive solution for the ventilation of tunnels and mines, but operate under particulate flows and suffer from serious erosion. This study aims to provide insights into the dynamics of ingested dust particles and erosion development. The computations used an in-house Lagrangian particle tracking code that implements the random walk algorithm and probabilistic models for the particles release positions, sizes, and rebound factors. The finite element method tracks particles through the mesh elements and provides exact the impacts and the conditions required to evaluate the local erosion rates. The pollutant is the Saharan dust, with finer-sized particles ranging from 0.1 to 100 microns, and concentration between 0.1–0.5 mg/m3, that was extended to 1–3 mg/m3 to simulate a mine atmosphere.
As a result, the front rotor (FR) exhibits impacts of high frequency, and thus erosion develops along the leading edge (LE) and extends over a large band from the blade suction side (SS) and upward to two-thirds of the blade pressure side (PS) and along the blade tip. On the other hand, the rear rotor (RR) exhibits similar patterns of erosion where the LE and the fore of the SS are more eroded, as well as the PS, which depicts a larger area of erosion. It seems that the erosion rate densities of RR are practically doubled, except for the upper region from the TE. The present results help to monitor the in-service lifetime of CRFs and select coatings to resist erosion.
Film Cooling Performance on Rotating Blade Leading Edge With Various Rotating Speed and Film Hole Structures
Authors: Jiang Yan , Huang Yi , Li Haiwang , Zhou Zhiyu , Xie Gang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study numerically investigated the effect of typical leading edge structural parameters on the film cooling characteristics under rotating conditions. The studied parameters included the blade rotating speed (400rpm, 600rpm and 800rpm), the number of each row of film holes (N = 9, 10 and 11), the injection angle (β = 20°, 30° and 40°) and the blowing ratio (M = 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.5). Results showed that the rotating speed had a great influence on the leading edge coolant outflow direction. Coolant basically deflected towards the suction side at 400rpm, flowed out to both sides at 600rpm, and almost separated from the leading edge surface and distributed in the middle of three rows of holes at 800rpm. Whereas, the number of holes had less effect on the film cooling performance. Increasing the number of holes could greatly improve the coverage rate of coolant on the leading edge surface. The film cooling effectiveness increased monotonously with the number of film holes, and that with 11 holes per row was improved by 3.8% and 6.7% compared to that with 10 and 9 holes per row at condition of 400rpm and M = 1.5, respectively. Moreover, the film cooling effectiveness on the leading edge increased with the decrease of the injection angle. Coolant in the case of holes with 20° injection angle had larger outlet area and showed better wall attachment, which resulted in wider and more uniform film distribution, so that performed the greatest film cooling effectiveness. And the effectiveness in the case of holes with 20° injection angle was 30.2% and 55.5% higher than that with 30° and 40° injection angle at condition of 600rpm and M = 1.5, respectively.