bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel plasticity rule can explain the development of sensorimotor intelligence
Authors: Der Ralf , Martius Georg 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceTo find how autonomous behavior and its development can be realized by a brain or an artificial neural network is a fundamental challenge for neuroscience and robotics. Commonly, the self-organized unfolding of behavior is explained by postulating special concepts like internal drives, curiosity, specific reward systems, or selective pressures. We propose a simple, local, and biologically plausible synaptic mechanism that enables an embodied agent to self-organize its individual sensorimotor development without recourse to such higher-level constructs. When applied to robotic systems, a rich spectrum of rhythmic behaviors emerges, ranging from locomotion patterns to spontaneous cooperation between partners. A possible utilization of our novel mechanism in nature would lead to a new understanding of the early stages of sensorimotor development and of saltations in evolution.
Airborne measurements of organic bromine compounds in the Pacific tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Navarro Maria A. , Atlas Elliot L. , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Rodriguez-Lloveras Xavier , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean-Francois , Tilmes Simone , Filus Michal , Harris Neil R. P. , Meneguz Elena , Ashfold Matthew J. , Manning Alistair J. , Cuevas Carlos A. , Schauffler Sue M. , Donets Valeria 
Published: October 2015

Significance
This study reports an extensive set of in situ measurements of natural organic bromine species at the tropical tropopause. Compared with prior estimates, this study reduces the uncertainty of the contribution of reactive bromine to stratospheric ozone depletion. We compare measurements over the Eastern and Western Pacific, two regions characterized by different transport dynamics, to show the influence of convective events on the chemistry of the tropopause region. Using measurements and modeling, we describe the budget and partitioning of bromine at the tropical tropopause and evaluate the contribution of bromine to ozone destruction in the lower stratosphere.
Cryo-EM structures elucidate neutralizing mechanisms of anti-chikungunya human monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic activity
Authors: Long Feng , Fong Rachel H. , Austin Stephen K. , Chen Zhenguo , Klose Thomas , Fokine Andrei , Liu Yue , Porta Jason , Sapparapu Gopal , Akahata Wataru , Doranz Benjamin J. , Crowe James E. , Diamond Michael S. , Rossmann Michael G. 
Published: October 2015

Significance
A recent outbreak of chikungunya virus in the Americas has caused more than one million infections in humans. The reemergence of this virus has become a major threat to public health due to a lack of available vaccines and antiviral drugs. We determined the cryo-EM structures of chikungunya virus particles complexed with two of the most potent human antibody fragments described in a previous study. Both antibodies neutralized the virus by stabilizing the position of the viral surface glycoproteins, which blocks the exposure of the glycoprotein fusion loops required to initiate viral entry into the cytoplasm of a target cell.
Graphical pan-genome analysis with compressed suffix trees and the Burrows–Wheeler transform
Authors: Baier Uwe , Beller Timo , Ohlebusch Enno 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Low-cost genome sequencing gives unprecedented complete information about the genetic structure of populations, and a population graph captures the variations between many individuals of a population. Recently, Marcus et al. proposed to use a compressed de Bruijn graph for representing an entire population of genomes. They devised an O(nlogg) time algorithm called splitMEM that constructs this graph directly (i.e. without using the uncompressed de Bruijn graph) based on a suffix tree, where n is the total length of the genomes and g is the length of the longest genome. Since the applicability of their algorithm is limited to rather small datasets, there is a strong need for space-efficient construction algorithms.
Results: We present two algorithms that outperform splitMEM in theory and in practice. The first implements a novel linear-time suffix tree algorithm by means of a compressed suffix tree. The second algorithm uses the Burrows–Wheeler transform to build the compressed de Bruijn graph in O(nlogσ) time, where σ is the size of the alphabet. To demonstrate the scalability of the algorithms, we applied it to seven human genomes.
Availability and implementation: https://www.uni-ulm.de/in/theo/research/seqana/ .
Contact: Enno.Ohlebusch@uni-ulm.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Public Awareness of Sepsis Is Low in Sweden
Authors: Mellhammar Lisa , Christensson Bertil , Linder Adam 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground.  Sepsis is a serious and common condition with high mortality and morbidity. The public awareness, knowledge, and perception of sepsis in Sweden are unknown.Methods.  A survey was performed using an online interview distributed to adults, aged 18–74, between March 6 and 9, 2015.Results.  A total of 1001 people responded to the survey. Twenty-one percent of participants had heard of sepsis, whereas more than 86% had heard of each of the other conditions listed; for example, stroke (95%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (95%), and leukemia (92%). Of those who had heard of sepsis, 93% responded that it is an infection or blood poisoning in an open question. The respondents who had heard of each disease estimated its mortality. For sepsis, the mortality was estimated at an average of 30%, which was at the same level as estimated mortalities for prostate and breast cancer but lower than for stroke, COPD, and leukemia.Conclusions.  The awareness and knowledge of sepsis is low. The mortality for sepsis is not as overestimated as for many other diseases. The lack of awareness of sepsis might be a target to improve the outcome for sepsis patients by reducing the prehospital delay and hence enable early interventions. An increased general awareness might also raise interest for funding for research in this area and for its priority in healthcare support.
Evaluation of Perioperative Medication Errors and Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Nanji Karen C. , Patel Amit , Shaikh Sofia , Seger Diane L. , Bates David W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
This prospective observational study found that approximately 1 in 20 perioperative medication administrations, and every second operation, resulted in a medication error and/or an adverse drug event. More than one third of these errors led to observed patient harm, and the remaining two thirds had the potential for patient harm.

Background
The purpose of this study is to assess the rates of perioperative medication errors (MEs) and adverse drug events (ADEs) as percentages of medication administrations, to evaluate their root causes, and to formulate targeted solutions to prevent them.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, anesthesia-trained study staff (anesthesiologists/nurse anesthetists) observed randomly selected operations at a 1,046-bed tertiary care academic medical center to identify MEs and ADEs over 8 months. Retrospective chart abstraction was performed to flag events that were missed by observation. All events subsequently underwent review by two independent reviewers. Primary outcomes were the incidence of MEs and ADEs.

Results
A total of 277 operations were observed with 3,671 medication administrations of which 193 (5.3%; 95% CI, 4.5 to 6.0) involved a ME and/or ADE. Of these, 153 (79.3%) were preventable and 40 (20.7%) were nonpreventable. The events included 153 (79.3%) errors and 91 (47.2%) ADEs. Although 32 (20.9%) of the errors had little potential for harm, 51 (33.3%) led to an observed ADE and an additional 70 (45.8%) had the potential for patient harm. Of the 153 errors, 99 (64.7%) were serious, 51 (33.3%) were significant, and 3 (2.0%) were life-threatening.

Conclusions
One in 20 perioperative medication administrations included an ME and/or ADE. More than one third of the MEs led to observed ADEs, and the remaining two thirds had the potential for harm. These rates are markedly higher than those reported by retrospective surveys. Specific solutions exist that have the potential to decrease the incidence of perioperative MEs.
Nitrous Oxide and Serious Long-term Morbidity and Mortality in the Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA)-II Trial
Authors: Leslie Kate , Myles Paul S. , Kasza Jessica , Forbes Andrew , Peyton Philip J. , Chan Matthew T. V. , Paech Michael J. , Sessler Daniel I. , Beattie W. Scott , Devereaux P. J. , Wallace Sophie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
Nitrous oxide did not increase the risk of a composite primary outcome of death and major cardiovascular events at 1 yr in 5,844 patients with cardiovascular disease recruited to the Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA)-II trial. These results support the long-term safety of nitrous oxide administration in noncardiac surgical patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
The Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide in the Gas Mixture for Anaesthesia (ENIGMA)-II trial randomly assigned 7,112 noncardiac surgery patients at risk of perioperative cardiovascular events to 70% N2O or 70% N2 groups. The aim of this follow-up study was to determine the effect of nitrous oxide on a composite primary outcome of death and major cardiovascular events at 1 yr after surgery.

Methods
One-year follow-up was conducted via a medical record review and telephone interview. Disability was defined as a Katz index of independence in activities of daily living score less than 8. Adjusted odds ratios and hazard ratios were calculated as appropriate for primary and secondary outcomes.

Results
Among 5,844 patients evaluated at 1 yr, 435 (7.4%) had died, 206 (3.5%) had disability, 514 (8.8%) had a fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and 111 (1.9%) had a fatal or nonfatal stroke during the 1-yr follow-up period. Exposure to nitrous oxide did not increase the risk of the primary outcome (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.25; P = 0.27), disability or death (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.27; P = 0.44), death (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.43; P = 0.10), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.17; P = 0.78), or stroke (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.58; P = 0.70).

Conclusion
These results support the long-term safety of nitrous oxide administration in noncardiac surgical patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease.
Spatial metrics of tumour vascular organisation predict radiation efficacy in a computational model
Authors: Scott Jacob G. , Fletcher Alexander G. , Anderson Alexander R.A. , Maini Philip K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntratumoural heterogeneity is known to contribute to poor therapeutic response. Variations in oxygen tension in particular have been correlated with changes in radiation responsein vitroand at the clinical scale with overall survival. Heterogeneity at the microscopic scale in tumour blood vessel architecture has been described, and is one source of the underlying variations in oxygen tension. We endeavour to determine whether histologic scale measures of the erratic distribution of blood vessels within a tumour can be used to predict differing radiation response. Using a two-dimensional hybrid cellular automaton model of tumour growth, we evaluate the effect of vessel distribution on cell survival outcomes of simulated radiation therapy. Using the standard equations for the oxygen enhancement ratio for cell survival probability under differing oxygen tensions, we calculate average radiation effect over a range of different vessel densities and organisations. We go on to quantify the vessel distribution heterogeneity and measure spatial organization using Ripley’sLfunction, a measure designed to detect deviations from spatial homogeneity. We find that under differing regimes of vessel density the correlation coefficient between the measure of spatial organization and radiation effect changes sign. This provides not only a useful way to understand the differences seen in radiation effect for tissues based on vessel architecture, but also an alternate explanation for the vessel normalization hypothesis.Author SummaryIn this paper we use a mathematical model, called a hybrid cellular automaton, to study the effect of different vessel distributions on radiation therapy outcomes at the cellular level. We show that the correlation between radiation outcome and spatial organization of vessels changes signs between relatively low and high vessel density. Specifically, that for relatively low vessel density, radiation efficacy is decreased when vessels are more homogeneously distributed, and the opposite is true, that radiation efficacy is improved, when vessel organisation is normalised in high densities. This result suggests an alteration to the vessel normalization hypothesis which states that normalisation of vascular beds should improve radio- and chemo-therapeutic response, but has failed to be validated in clinical studies. In this alteration, we provide a metric that differentiates between vascular architectures in different density regimes in which the hypothesis holds and does not and that could be used for quantitative histologic analysis of tumours, and for radiation dose personalisation.Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: JGS, AGF, ARAA, PKMPerformed the experiments: JGSAnalyzed the data: JGS, AGF, ARAA, PKMWrote the paper: JGS, AGF, ARAA, PKM
Generalized Regressive Motion: a Visual Cue to Collision
Authors: Chalupka Krzysztof , Dickinson Michael , Perona Pietro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBrains and sensory systems evolved to guide motion. Central to this task is controlling the approach to stationary obstacles and detecting moving organisms. Looming has been proposed as the main monocular visual cue for detecting the approach of other animals and avoiding collisions with stationary obstacles. Elegant neural mechanisms for looming detection have been found in the brain of insects and vertebrates. However, looming has not been analyzed in the context of collisions between two moving animals. We propose an alternative strategy,generalized regressive motion(GRM), which is consistent with recently observed behavior in fruit flies. Geometric analysis proves that GRM is a reliable cue to collision among conspecifics, whereas agent-based modeling suggests that GRM is a better cue than looming as a means to detect approach, prevent collisions and maintain mobility.
Effect of lossy compression of quality scores on variant calling
Authors: Ochoa Idoia , Hernaez Mikel , Goldfeder Rachel , Weissman Tsachy , Ashley Euan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent advancements in sequencing technology have led to a drastic reduction in the cost of genome sequencing. This development has generated an unprecedented amount of genomic data that must be stored, processed, and communicated. To facilitate this effort, compression of genomic files has been proposed. Specifically, lossy compression of quality scores is emerging as a natural candidate for reducing the growing costs of storage. A main goal of performing DNA sequencing in population studies and clinical settings is to identify genetic variation. Though the field agrees that smaller files are advantageous, the cost of lossy compression, in terms of variant discovery, is unclear.Bioinformatic algorithms to identify SNPs and INDELs from next-generation DNA sequencing data use base quality score information; here, we evaluate the effect of lossy compression of quality scores on SNP and INDEL detection. We analyze several lossy compressors introduced recently in the literature. Specifically, we investigate how the output of the variant caller when using the original data (uncompressed) differs from that obtained when quality scores are replaced by those generated by a lossy compressor. Using gold standard genomic datasets such as the GIAB (Genome In A Bottle) consensus sequence for NA12878 and simulated data, we are able to analyze how accurate the output of the variant calling is, both for the original data and that previously lossily compressed. We show that lossy compression can significantly alleviate the storage while maintaining variant calling performance comparable to that with the uncompressed data. Further, in some cases lossy compression can lead to variant calling performance which is superior to that using the uncompressed file. We envisage our findings and framework serving as a benchmark in future development and analyses of lossy genomic data compressors.TheSupplementary Datacan be found athttp://web.stanford.edu/~iochoa/supplementEffectLossy.zip.
Predicting quantitative traits from genome and phenome with near perfect accuracy
Authors: Märtens Kaspar , Hallin Johan , Warringer Jonas , Liti Gianni , Parts Leopold 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn spite of decades of linkage and association studies and its potential impact on human health1, reliable prediction of an individual's risk for heritable disease remains difficult2-4. Large numbers of mapped loci do not explain substantial fractions of the heritable variation, leaving an open question of whether accurate complex trait predictions can be achieved in practice5,6. Here, we use a full genome sequenced population of 7396 yeast strains of varying relatedness, and predict growth traits from family information, effects of segregating genetic variants, and growth measurements in other environments with an average coefficient of determinationR2of 0.91. This accuracy exceeds narrow-sense heritability, approaches limits imposed by measurement repeatability, and is higher than achieved with a single replicate assay in the lab. We find that both relatedness and variant-based predictions are greatly aided by availability of closer relatives, while information from a large number of more distant relatives does not improve predictive performance when close relatives can be used. Our results prove that very accurate prediction of heritable traits is possible, and recommend prioritizing collection of deeper family-based data over large reference cohorts.
Investigation of an integrative transverse-flux linear compressor
Authors: Lu Qinfen , Yao Yihua , Ye Yunyue 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is propose a novel integrative transverse-flux linear compressor (TFLC), which integrates compressor into a single-phase transverse-flux linear oscillating actuator with moving magnet. Its main merit is having similar lamination as rotate motor which is easy to be stacked.

Design/methodology/approach
– The simple lumped circuit model accounting for magnetic saturation, armature reaction and axial fringing effect is proposed. Based on this model, the magnetic field in air gap is calculated, and then the optimal PM height, PM length, split ratio and pole number are found. The predicted thrust force, stroke and system resonant frequency at no load are validated by prototype measurement. The relation of system resonant frequency and load are also measured.

Findings
– In this novel TFLC, the optimal split ratio is in area of 0.54∼0.56 and pole number is 6. For designed stroke 10 mm, suitable PM height and length are 3 mm and 63 mm, respectively. By measurement, the predicted thrust force, stroke and system resonant frequency at no load are validated. The measurement also shows that the system resonant frequency can be improved from 30 Hz of no load to 39 Hz at 0.7 Mpa air load.

Originality/value
– The novel TFLC has excellent driving performance and simple structure for maintenance. It can produce enough pressure to meet the requirement of refrigerator, so it is a strong candidate for refrigerating apparatus.
Impact of the management strategy on the sizing of a collaborative system
Authors: Le Goff Latimier R. , Multon B. , Ben Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– To foster the grid integration of both electric vehicles (EV) and renewable generators, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible synergies between these players so as to jointly improve the production predictability while ensuring a green mobility. It is here achieved by the mean of a grid commitment over the overall power produced by a collaborative system which here gathers a photovoltaic (PV) plant with an EV fleet. The scope of the present contribution is to investigate the conditions to make the most of such an association, mainly regarding to the management strategies and optimal sizing, taking into account forecast errors on PV production.Design/methodology/approach– To evaluate the collaboration added value, several concerns are aggregated into a primary energy criterion: the commitment compliance, the power spillage, the vehicle charging, the user mobility and the battery aging. Variations of these costs are computed over a range of EV fleet size. Moreover, the influence of the charging strategy is specifically investigated throughout the comparison of three managements: a simple rule of thumb, a perfect knowledge deterministic case and a charging strategy computed by stochastic dynamic programming. The latter is based on an original modeling of the production forecast error. This methodology is carried out to assess the collaboration added value for two operators’ points of view: a virtual power plant (VPP) and a balance responsible party (BRP).Findings– From the perspective of a BRP, the added value of PV-EV collaboration for the energy system has been evidenced in any situation even when the charging strategy is very simple. On the other hand, for the case of a VPP operator, the coupling between the optimal sizing and the management strategy is highlighted.Originality/value– A co-optimization of the sizing and the management of a PV-EV collaborative system is introduced and the influence of the management strategy on the collaboration added value has been investigated. This gave rise to the presentation and implementation of an original modeling tool of the PV production forecast error. Finally, to widen the scope of application, two different business models have been tackled and compared.
Current balancing of cascaded H-bridge converters for PV systems with partial shading
Authors: Iannuzzi Diego , Pagano Mario , Piegari Luigi , Tricoli Pietro 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new converter topology for integrating PV plants constituted by many panels into the grid. The converter is capable of implementing MPPT algorithms on different subset of modules and can balance the different energy supplied by panels differently irradiated. The output voltage presents a very low ripple also if small filters are used for grid connection.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the paper, at first the converter configuration is presented. Then a control strategy for obtaining, at the same time the distributed MPPT and the power balancing on the three phases is proposed. Finally, by means of numerical simulations, the good performances of the proposed converter are shown.

Findings
– The proposed converter, lent from MMC configurations, is deeply studied and a suitable control strategy is well analyzed in the paper. Analytical model for voltage and current balancing are given.

Research limitations/implications
– The analysis presented in the paper complete some studies started in the last years and partially presented in previous scientific papers. It reaches a final point and gives all the specific for the realization of the converter and of its control.

Practical implications
– The paper gives all the instrument to design and realize a PV power plant integrated into building façade.

Originality/value
– The converter and the control for voltage and current balancing presented in this paper represent a significant original contribution of this work.