bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis presenting as transient ischemic attack
Authors: Vasquez Moises A. , Andrade‐Bucknor Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Key clinical messageIsolated cardiac sarcoidosis may rarely present with TIA or stroke as an initial clinical manifestation. This case highlights the necessity of a broad differential and a high degree of suspicion for cardiac sarcoidosis in a patient with new neurologic symptoms and evidence of cardiac disease.AbstractCardiac sarcoidosis is a rare disease with a variety of clinical manifestations including heart failure and sudden death. Stroke as the earliest sign of disease has been described in rare cases. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old female with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) of unknown etiology, initially in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiomyopathy was later identified on echocardiography after a second TIA. Cardiac MRI was remarkable for focal left ventricular wall thinning with akinesis and dyskinesis of multiple wall segments, a right ventricular aneurysm, and diffuse myocardial late gadolinium enhancement. PET/CT showed multifocal areas of myocardial FDG uptake. At follow‐up, echocardiography showed a left ventricular apical thrombus, in a previously identified thinned, akinetic region, suggesting cardioembolic origin for previous TIAs. She was started on anticoagulation therapy, prednisone, methotrexate, and adalimumab, with resolution of the thrombus and improvement in cardiac function. In conclusion, this case highlights the need to consider CS as a potential cause of cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with few stroke risk factors but findings indicative of cardiac disease. It is essential to further explore the mechanisms behind these events and develop treatments that target their causes in this patient population.
Electron Leaks in Biophotovoltaics: A Multi‐Disciplinary Perspective
Authors: Reilly‐Schott Vincent , Gaibler Jana , Bai Yu , Mier‐Jimenez Alicia , Qasim Mohammed , Lai Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiophotovoltaics (BPV), which exploits the natural oxygenic photosystem for energy production, provides a sustainable solution to produce carbon neutral or negative energy from sunlight to meet the growing global energy demand. BPV integrates oxygenic photoautotrophic microorganisms in an electrochemical cell, and harvests the water‐splitting derived photosynthetic electrons to an electrical circuit. Here e. g. electricity or H2, etc, can be produced, thus directly coupling sunlight and water to energy. Despite of the rapid development in the past decade, the system efficiency of BPV still needs magnitude‐level improvement for practical applications. In this perspective paper, we aim to address the electron transfer pipeline in BPV starting from the water splitting by the living whole‐cell catalysts to external electron sinks (i. e. mediator/anode) and eventually to the cathode, from multidisciplinary aspects. We calculated the electron leaks along the electron transfer pipeline to different metabolic electron sinks, and prospectively predicted an untapped potential for extracellular electron transfer rate. BPV could potentially reach an energy efficiency that is two orders of magnitude higher than its current status. An interdisciplinary research approach, that should combine systems and synthetic biology, bioprocess engineering and material science, among others, is proposed to broach the upper boundary of BPV technology.
Permutation Strategies for Inference in ANOVA‐Based Models for Nonorthogonal Designs Including Continuous Covariates
Authors: Rasmussen Morten A. , Khakimov Bekzod , Engel Jasper , Jansen Jeroen 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAnalysis of variance and linear models is undoubtedly one of the most useful statistical contributions to experimental and observational science. With the ability to characterize a system through multivariate responses, these methods have emerged to be general tools regardless of response dimensionality. Contemporary methods for establishing statistical inference, such as ANOVA simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), are based on Monte Carlo sampling; however, a flat uniform resampling scheme may violate the structure of the uncertainty for unbalanced designs as well as for observational data. In this work, we provide permutation strategies for inferential testing for unbalanced designs including interaction models and establish nonuniform randomization based on the concept of propensity score matching. Lastly, we provide a general method for modelling continuous covariates based on kernel smoothers. All methods are characterized on their ability to provide unbiased Type I error results.
A high‐energy‐density long‐cycle lithium–sulfur battery enabled by 3D graphene architecture
Authors: Cheng Yan , Liu Bihan , Li Xiang , He Xin , Sun Zhiyi , Zhang Wentao , Gao Ziyao , Zhang Leyuan , Chen Xiangxiang , Chen Zhen , Chen Zhuo , Peng Lele , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is attracting increasing interest for its potential in low‐cost high‐density energy storage. However, it has been a persistent challenge to simultaneously realize high energy density and long cycle life. Herein, we report a synergistic strategy to exploit a unique nitrogen‐doped three‐dimensional graphene aerogel as both the lithium anode host to ensure homogeneous lithium plating/stripping and mitigate lithium dendrite formation and the sulfur cathode host to facilitate efficient sulfur redox chemistry and combat undesirable polysulfide shuttling effect, realizing Li–S battery simultaneously with ultrahigh energy density and long cycle life. The as‐demonstrated polysulfide‐based device delivers a high areal capacity of 7.5 mAh/cm2 (corresponds to 787 Wh/L) and an ultralow capacity fading of 0.025% per cycle over 1000 cycles at a high current density of 8.6 mA/cm2. Our findings suggest a novel strategy to scale up the superior electrochemical property of every microscopic unit to a macroscopic‐level performance that enables simultaneously high areal energy density and long cycling stability that are critical for practical Li–S batteries.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Transition Metal Dual Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhao‐Fei , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Ye Song 
Published: July 2024

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis has been developed as a versatile method for the enantioselective synthesis of complex organic molecules in organic chemistry. Merging of N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis with transition metal catalysis holds the potential to achieve unprecedented transformations with broad substrate scope and excellent stereoselectivity, which are unfeasible with individual catalyst. Thus, this dual catalysis has attracted increasing attention, and numerous elegant dual catalytic systems have been established. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements of dual NHC/transition metal catalysis, including the reaction design, mechanistic studies and practical applications.
Cascade C−H Activation and Two C−C Bond Forming in Reaction of Azalutetacyclopentadiene with 2‐Methylbenzonitriles
Authors: Chai Zhengqi , Lv Ze‐Jie , Liu Wei , Yang Jinxiao , Wei Junnian , Zhang Wen‐Xiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAzametallacyclopentadienes are an important class of metallacycles as the key intermediates in metal‐promoted or catalyzed carbon‐carbon coupling reaction of nitriles and alkynes. Rare‐earth azametallacyclopentadienes have shown various reactivity toward nitriles, depending on the substituents of nitriles. The reaction of azalutetacyclopentadienes toward 2‐methylbenzonitriles has been investigated in this work, which selectively affords the fused 7‐5‐6‐membered azalutetacycles as products. Computational studies reveal that the reaction of azalutetacyclopentadienes toward 2‐methylbenzonitriles selectively initiates with the remote activation of the benzylic C−H bond by the Lu−N bond, followed by the intramolecular nucleophilic attack from the deprotonated benzylic carbon to form a C−C bond. Subsequently, the high ring strain promoted the generation of the uncoordinated carbanion dissociated from the lutetium center, which then undergoes intramolecular nucleophilic attack toward C=N triple bond to give the final product containing fused 7‐5‐6‐membered azalutetacycle. This work not only achieves highly selective three‐step cascade reaction to form a unique class of rare‐earth metallacycle, but also provides a new idea for the transformation of unsaturated substrates with C−H bonds that can be activated.
Fluorinated High‐Valent Sn(IV) Porphyrins Show Remarkable Photodynamic Activity in Cancer Cells
Authors: Bora Bidisha , Das Namisha , Bera Arpan , Upadhyay Aarti , Goswami Tridib K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Sn(IV) porphyrins have proven to be excellent choice as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. This work reports the synthesis, characterization and photodynamic activity of four high‐valent fluorinated Sn(IV) porphyrins having different numbers of F‐atoms in the peripheral of meso‐phenyl groups viz. (Dichloro)meso‐tetrakis(4‐fluorophenylporphyrinato)stannic(IV), [Sn(IV)FTPP(Cl)2] or Sn1; (Dichloro)meso‐tetrakis(2,4‐difluorophenylporphyrinato)stannic(IV), [Sn(IV)2,4‐FTPP(Cl)2] or Sn2; (Dichloro)meso‐tetrakis(2,6‐difluorophenylporphyrinato)stannic(IV), [Sn(IV)2,6‐FTPP(Cl)2] or Sn3 and (Dichloro)meso‐tetrakis(4‐trifluoromethylphenylporphyrinato)stannic(IV), [Sn(IV)CF3TPP(Cl)2] or Sn4. The solid‐state structure of Sn1 has been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The increasing number of F‐atoms attached to the meso‐phenyl positions of the porphyrin framework results in increase of their lipophilicity, singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) and photocytotoxicity in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells. Sn4 predominantly localize in the mitochondria of A549 cells. The light‐induced cell death by the Sn(IV) porphyrins in A549 cells occur primarily via apoptosis.
Tailoring Energy Structure of Low‐Toxic Ternary Ag−Bi−S Quantum Dots through Solution‐Phase Synthesis for Quantum‐Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Akiyoshi Kazutaka , Kameyama Tatsuya , Torimoto Tsukasa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow‐toxic multinary semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) showing a photoresponse in a wide wavelength range from visible to near‐IR wavelength regions have been intensively investigated for fabricating efficient solar light conversion systems. Recently, AgBiS2 QDs have attracted much attention for their application to improve the performance of QD solar cells because they have a large absorption coefficient in the visible and near‐IR regions. In this report, we describe solution‐phase preparation of ternary Ag−Bi−S QDs with different sizes and with different Ag/Bi ratios. The average size of resulting spherical Ag−Bi−S QDs was controllable from 2.7 to 8.1 nm by adjusting the reaction temperature from 373 to 473 K, while the Ag fraction of obtained QDs also increased with an increase in particle size. The absorption onset wavelength shifted from 850 to 1200 nm in the near‐IR region as the particle size increased. AgBiS2 QDs with an almost stoichiometric composition, obtained at reaction temperatures of 423 K and 473 K, contained no deep intragap states and exhibited a p‐type semiconductor behavior, while QDs prepared at a reaction temperature of 393 K or lower had non‐stoichiometric Ag‐deficient compositions producing intragap defect states. Sensitized solar cells fabricated with stoichiometric AgBiS2 QDs exhibited a photoresponse in visible and near‐IR wavelength regions, the optimal PCE being 0.74% with AgBiS2 QDs of 6.2 nm in diameter that were prepared at 423 K.
The application of IGA in urban landscape design optimization
Authors: Liu Linyu , Ahmad Raziah , Ahmad Suriati , Wang Xuejie 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe foundation of urban landscape design optimization is the precise evaluation of the effectiveness. To address the issues of strong subjectivity, low efficiency, and poor accuracy in urban landscape design evaluation methods, an intelligent evaluation method combining improved genetic algorithm and error backpropagation neural network is proposed. First, based on Maslow's demand theory and questionnaire survey results, it selects indicators to construct an evaluation index system for urban landscape design. Second, in response to the performance defects of the error backpropagation neural network model, the moth flame algorithm is used to optimize it. Then, in response to the defect that the optimization effect of the moth flame algorithm is not ideal enough, a multiple strategy including improved genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize it. Finally, an urban landscape design evaluation model is constructed based on improved error backpropagation neural network. The experimental results show that the fitting coefficient of the model is 0.9523, with a minimum deviation of less than 1%. The above results indicate that the proposed model can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of urban landscape design evaluation, providing data support for urban landscape design optimization. The research on the intelligent development of urban landscape design is of reference significance and has to some extent promoted the development of urban landscape design.
Thickness‐Dependent Relative Dielectric Constant of Organic Ultrathin Films
Authors: Summonte Caterina , Borgatti Francesco , Albonetti Cristiano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn formulas employed for analysis of organic electronic devices, the relative dielectric constant value of the semiconductor organic films is often assumed rather than measured, even though it is a fundamental parameter for a correct interpretation. This is particularly true for ultrathin films made of discrete molecular layers. In this work, Spectroscopy Ellipsometry and Scanning Capacitance Microscopy were used to study thin films made of N,N′‐bis(n‐octyl)‐x:y,dicyanoperylene‐3,4 : 9,10‐bis(dicarboximide). The relative dielectric constant presents a non‐monotonic trend with thickness: it is equal to 2.1 for one molecular layer, saturating at 3.2 for increasing thickness. This maximum value, equivalent to the bulk one, occurs when the coverage is in between the third to the fourth layer. In this range, the growth switches from a Frank–Van der Merwe (2D growth) to a Volmer‐Weber mode (3D growth); in addition, the molecular configuration assumes a bent/distorted geometry with respect to the initial edge‐on one. These results establish a morphological dependence of the dielectric constant, especially in the vicinity of the substrate interface, that disappears at a certain distance from it.
Understanding Human Health Impacts Following Microplastic Exposure Necessitates Standardized Protocols
Authors: Morgan Sarah E. , Romanick Samantha S , DeLouise Lisa , McGrath James , Elder Alison 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs; 1 µm to 5 mm) are a persistent and pervasive environmental pollutant of emergent and increasing concern. Human exposure to MPs through food, water, and air has been documented and thus motivates the need for a better understanding of the biological implications of MP exposure. These impacts are dependent on the properties of MPs, including size, morphology, and chemistry, as well as the dose and route of exposure. This overview offers a perspective on the current methods used to assess the bioactivity of MPs. First, we discuss methods associated with MP bioactivity research with an emphasis on the variety of assays, exposure conditions, and reference MP particles that have been used. Next, we review the challenges presented by common instrumentation and laboratory materials, the lack of standardized reference materials, and the limited understanding of MP dosimetry. Finally, we propose solutions that can help increase the applicability and impact of future studies while reducing redundancy in the field. The excellent protocols published in this issue are intended to contribute toward standardizing the field so that the MP knowledge base grows from a reliable foundation. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Evaluation of the Effects of Punica granatum Flower Tablets on Pain and Healing of Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lavaee Fatemeh , Parhizkar Elahehnaz , Tavakoli Fatemeh , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Asmarian Naeimehossadat 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of the Punica granatum (PG) flower on recurrent aphthous stomatitis in comparison with corticosteroid therapy.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐over randomized clinical trial was conducted on the patients who had been referred to Shiraz Dental School for their RAS in 2021. All the participants used both P. granatum flower tablets and Triadent a month apart for wash‐out time and all compared themselves. In the experimental group, 30 patients received pomegranate flower tablets, three tablets daily, for 6 days. In the control group, oral paste Triadent has been prescribed three times a day for 6 days. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the size of RAS were evaluated on Days 0–6. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. The Wilcoxon test was used.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 27.8 ± 14.77 years old. In this study, 15 patients (50%) were men and 15 patients (50%) were women. The mean value of VAS after using prescribed treatment in both evaluated groups on all days was significantly different such that the VAS values were lower for PG flower tablets than Triadent (p value < 0.05). The size of oral lesions in participants who used PG flower tablets was significantly less than those who used Triadent on all evaluation days (p value < 0.05) except on Day 1 (p value = 0.29). The descending slope of VAS from Days 1 to 6 for both Triadent and PG flower tablet users was significant and noticeable. (p value < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the result of this study, both P. granatum flower tablet and Triadent are useful in reducing the size, period of healing, and VAS of patients with RAS, but the PG flower tablet is more effective.
One size does not fit all: Responsible investor motivation and investment performance
Authors: Scholtens Bert , Willard Fabian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost research in socially responsible investing is about how it influences financial performance. Hardly any study investigates how it affects responsibility. We investigate how different motives of responsible investors affect portfolio design and financial and nonfinancial performance of investments. We study financial, deontological, consequentialist, and expressive motivated responsible investors. The first seek to achieve financial outperformance by relying on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. The second avoid investing in controversial issues. The third seek to influence the most sustainable firms. The fourth try to enhance their own social identity by investing responsibly. We find that the specific motivation for socially responsible investing does not significantly affect financial performance. However, the motivation does have a substantial influence on the responsibility score of the portfolio. In particular, deontological portfolios underperform the universe regarding responsibility performance. This might reflect the origin of responsibility scoring where controversial firms usually invest more in responsibility than less controversial ones. The other portfolios all outperform the market. This has important lessons for responsible investment funds: they will need to find out about the motives of their investors to modify portfolio design when investing responsibly. “One size for all” is no option when targeting responsible investors.
Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown
Authors: Sun Yan , Ren Zhi‐Kun , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , Callaway Ragan M. , van Kleunen Mark , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExotic plant invaders can promote others via direct or indirect facilitation, known as “invasional meltdown.” Increased soil nutrients can also promote invaders by increasing their competitive impacts, but how this might affect meltdown is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated how eight exotic plant species and eight Eurasian native species responded individually to increasing densities of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis, while varying the supply and fluctuations of nutrients. We found that increasing density of C. canadensis intensified competitive suppression of natives but intensified facilitation of other exotics. Higher and fluctuating nutrients exacerbated the competitive effects on natives and facilitative effects on exotics. Overall, these results show a pronounced advantage of exotics over native target species with increased relative density of C. canadensis under high nutrient availability and fluctuation. We integrate these results with the observation that exotic species commonly drive increases in soil resources to suggest the Resource‐driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives hypothesis in which biotic acceleration of resource availability promotes other exotic species over native species, leading to invasional meltdown.
Outpatient treatment of decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and study level meta‐analysis
Authors: Bahar Jameela , Rahman Amna , Wong Grace W.Y. , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Ahmed Fozia Z. , Taylor Rebecca , Fuat Ahmet , Squire Iain , Cleland John G.F. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Gamble James H.P. , Masudi Sundas , Joseph Prince Josiah S. , Wong Kenneth Y.K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatients with acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are usually admitted to hospital for management. There is growing interest in delivering intravenous (IV) diuretic therapy at home, in the community or at hospital day‐care units; the safety and effectiveness of outpatient‐based management (OPM) for ADHF has not been established. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to investigate the short‐term safety and effectiveness of OPM compared with inpatient management (IPM) of ADHF. Pre‐specified endpoints were 30 day mortality and 30 day hospitalization. The meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. Twenty‐nine studies of OPM were identified, including 7683 patients. Only five studies directly compared OPM (n = 1303) with IPM (n = 2047), including three observational studies, and two randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The other 24 studies only stated OPM outcomes. For the five studies comparing IPM versus OPM, patients were generally aged >75 years and of similar age for each strategy, with a similar proportion of men (56%). In a study‐level, aggregate analysis, 30 day all‐cause mortality was 9.3% (121/1303) for OPM, compared with 15.6% (320/2047) for IPM [OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.09, 0.93) P = 0.04]. Four studies reported 30 day all‐cause hospitalization; 22.0% for IPM versus 16.8% for OPM [OR 0.73 (95% CI 0.61, 0.89), P = 0.001]. In the two RCTs, we found no difference in 30 day mortality or hospitalization. In observational studies, OPM of ADHF is associated with lower 30 day hospitalization and lower 30 day mortality; such differences were not observed in two small, single‐centre RCTs. A substantial, multicentre RCT is required to confirm the safety and effectiveness of OPM for ADHF.