bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold temperature extremes during spring do not limit the range shift of Mediterranean pines into regions with intermittent frost
Authors: Bachofen Christoph , Wohlgemuth Thomas , Ghazoul Jaboury , Moser Barbara 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Bioclimatic envelope models have predicted latitudinal range shifts of tree species in Europe following climate change. Accordingly, Mediterranean species will be able to migrate northwards if climatic conditions become warmer and dryer. Frost, on the other hand, is an important and recurring factor in temperate and boreal regions causing damage to buds and leaves, and potentially limiting the survival of Mediterranean tree species or populations at higher latitudes. Since species distribution models rely on average climatic parameters, they may underestimate the risk of frost damage from low temperature extremes.

We measured the cold hardiness of Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra and Pinus halepensis seedlings from a total of 11 European populations growing in a common garden in a cold Central Alpine valley on seven dates between February and July 2013. On each date, needles were artificially frozen at several temperatures and the temperature estimated at which 50% of the needle tissue is damaged (LT50; relative electrolyte leakage).

Cold hardiness did not differ between populations of the same species and was not related to the minimum temperatures at the seed origin. In comparison with deciduous trees, Mediterranean P. sylvestris and P. nigra maintained extremely wide safety margins against frost throughout late winter and spring. By contrast, safety margins of P. halepensis were much narrower until March and winter cold hardiness was in the range of regularly recurring low temperature events in Central Europe.

According to the measured LT50 values, the migration of a wide range of drought‐tolerant populations of P. sylvestris and P. nigra from the Mediterranean to Central and Western Europe is not limited by intermittent cold temperature extremes in spring. They are notably as well adapted to frost as populations from Central Alpine origin.

Differences in dehardening patterns between species demonstrate the importance of analysing cold hardiness repeatedly during potentially sensitive periods in order to predict species range shifts in the context of climatic change.
Gender differences in patterns of authorship do not affect peer review outcomes at an ecology journal
Authors: Fox Charles W. , Burns C. Sean , Muncy Anna D. , Meyer Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

There is a widespread perception in the academic community that peer review is subject to many biases and can be influenced by the identity and biographic features (such as gender) of manuscript authors.

We examined how patterns of authorship differ between men and women, and whether author gender influences editorial and peer review outcomes and/or the peer review process for papers submitted to the journal Functional Ecology between 2010 and 2014.

Women represented approximately a third of all authors on papers submitted to Functional Ecology. Relative to overall frequency of authorship, women were underrepresented as solo authors (26% were women). On multi‐authored papers, women were also underrepresented as last/senior authors (25% were women) but overrepresented as first authors (43% were women). Women first authors were less likely than men first authors to serve as corresponding and submitting author of their papers; this difference was not influenced by the gender of the last author. Women were more likely to be authors on papers if the last author was female.

Papers with female authors (i) were equally likely to be sent for peer review, (ii) obtained equivalent peer review scores and (iii) were equally likely to be accepted for publication, compared to papers with male authors. There was no evidence that male editors or male reviewers treated papers authored by women differently than did female editors and reviewers, and no evidence that more senior editors reached different decisions than younger editors after review, or cumulative through the entire process, for papers authored by men vs. women.

Papers authored by women were more likely to be reviewed by women. This is primarily because women were more likely to be invited to review if the authors on a paper were female than if the authors were male.

Patterns of authorship, and the role undertaken as author (e.g., submitting and serving as corresponding author), differ notably between men and women for papers submitted to Functional Ecology. However, consistent with a growing body of literature indicating that peer review underlying the scholarly publishing process is largely gender‐neutral, outcomes of editorial and peer review at Functional Ecology were not influenced by author gender.
Sex differences in the mechano‐energetic effects of genistein on stunned rat and guinea pig hearts
Authors: Colareda Germán A , Ragone María I , Consolini Alicia E 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAlthough the phytoestrogen genistein (Gen) is considered protective in cardiovascular diseases, its direct effects on stunned hearts after transient ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) are unknown. This report studied the effects of 20 μmol/L Gen on the mechano‐calorimetric behaviour during I/R of rat and guinea pig hearts to evaluate the energetics of Ca2+ homeostasis. Isolated beating hearts were perfused with control Krebs solution inside a calorimeter with or without perfusion of Gen before a transient period of I/R. Left ventricular pressure development (P) and total heat rate (Ht) were continuously measured. At 37°C, Gen did not change post‐ischemic contractile recovery (PICR), but it increased the relaxation rate. However, PICR was reduced in hearts of male rats and guinea pigs at 30°C. Total muscle economy (P/Ht) showed the same behaviour as P at each temperature. Inhibition of phosphatases with orthovanadate during Gen perfusion prevented a decrease in PICR in male rat hearts, suggesting that this effect is due to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Reperfusing ischemic hearts with 10 mmol/L caffeine‐36 mmol/L Na+‐Krebs induced contracture dependent on the sarcoreticular Ca2+ content. Contracture relaxation depends on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Gen reduced the relaxation rate. Moreover, Gen prevented the increase in Rhod‐2 fluorescence (free [Ca2+]m) of rat cardiomyocytes. In guinea pig hearts, Gen maintained ischemic preconditioning, but was reduced by 5‐hydroxydecanoate, suggesting the participation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent K channels. Results suggest that Gen acts on several mechanisms that regulate myocardial calcium homeostasis and energetics during I/R, which differ in a temperature‐ and sex‐dependent manner.
Nicergoline inhibits human platelet Ca2+ signalling through triggering a microtubule‐dependent reorganization of the platelet ultrastructure
Authors: Walford T , Musa F I , Harper A G S 
Published: October 2015

Background and PurposeRecently, we demonstrated that a pericellular Ca2+ recycling system potentiates agonist‐evoked Ca2+ signalling and granule secretion in human platelets and hypothesized a role for the membrane complex (MC) in orchestrating the accumulation of Ca2+ in the pericellular region. Previous work has demonstrated that treatment with high concentrations of nicergoline may disrupt the MC through an ability to trigger a re‐organization of the dense tubular system. Experiments were therefore performed to assess whether nicergoline‐induced changes in platelet ultrastructure affects thrombin‐evoked Ca2+ fluxes and dense granule secretion.Experimental ApproachThrombin‐evoked Ca2+ fluxes were monitored in Fura‐2‐ or Fluo‐5N‐loaded human platelets, or using platelet suspensions containing Fluo‐4 or Rhod‐5N K+ salts. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to monitor microtubule structure and intracellular Ca2+ store distribution in TubulinTracker‐ and Fluo‐5N‐loaded platelets respectively. Dense granule secretion was monitored using luciferin–luciferase.Key ResultsNicergoline treatment inhibited thrombin‐evoked Ca2+ signalling and induced alterations in the microtubule structure and the distribution of intracellular Ca2+ stores in platelets. Nicergoline altered the generation and spreading of thrombin‐induced pericellular Ca2+ signals and almost completely prevented dense granule secretion. Stabilization of microtubules using taxol reversed most effects of nicergoline on platelet Ca2+ signalling and partially reversed its effects on dense granule secretion.Conclusions and ImplicationsNicergoline‐induced alterations to platelet ultrastructure disrupt platelet Ca2+ signalling in a manner that would be predicted if the MC had been disrupted. These data suggest that nicergoline may be a useful prototype for the discovery of novel MC‐disrupting anti‐thrombotics.
Newcomers at the Israeli National Table: Transforming Urban Landscapes and the Texture of Citizenship
Authors: SHOKEID MOSHE 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdvocating research of the “ethnographic present,” the article portrays the recent evolvement of two constituencies in Israeli urban society conceived as new socio‐economic‐cultural and spatial social “banks”: Jewish immigrants from Ethiopia residing in ethnically segregated urban neighborhoods; the gradual concentration in Tel Aviv's downtown neighborhoods of authorized and undocumented labor migrants from Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as asylum seekers from Eritrea and Sudan. It reports on the growing protest by local Israeli residents, the government's efforts to limit the presence of “uninvited strangers,” as well as the active response of the unwelcome aliens. I posit that the emergence of these new ethnic enclaves converges with other critical changes in Israeli institutional life. Major transformations in the texture and tenets of Israeli citizenry, its spatial construction and national identity are steadily progressing.
Costa Rica's Chinatown: The Art of Being Global in the Age of China
Authors: DEHART MONICA 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInaugurated in its capital city of San José in 2012, Costa Rica's Chinatown represents the newest addition to a list of over 100 Chinatowns worldwide. Through ethnographic research on the project's construction, public debates, and fall‐out, this paper analyzes how municipal efforts to enact urban revitalization were tied to a changing global landscape increasingly defined by China. In particular, I examine how planners, urban citizens, and ethnic Chinese community members use Chinatown as a space in which to debate and deploy competing visions of “the art of being global” based on their diverse valuations of China's significance to national identity and future development. The project's ultimate failure highlights how “world conjuring” efforts of this kind can undermine the multicultural histories and cosmopolitan ties that cities claim as the very source of their global difference and value.
Caffeine treatment prevents rapid eye movement sleep deprivation‐induced impairment of late‐phase long‐term potentiation in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Alhaider Ibrahim A. , Alkadhi Karim A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) are physically and functionally closely related areas of the hippocampus, but they differ in various respects, including their reactions to different insults. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of chronic caffeine treatment on late‐phase long‐term potentiation (L‐LTP) and its signalling cascade in the DG area of the hippocampus of rapid eye movement sleep‐deprived rats. Rats were chronically treated with caffeine (300 mg/L drinking water) for 4 weeks, after which they were sleep‐deprived for 24 h. L‐LTP was induced in in anaesthetized rats, and extracellular field potentials from the DG area were recorded in vivo. The levels of L‐LTP‐related signalling proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. Sleep deprivation markedly reduced L‐LTP magnitude, and basal levels of total cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (P‐CREB), and calcium/calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV). Chronic caffeine treatment prevented the reductions in the basal levels of P‐CREB, total CREB and CaMKIV in sleep‐deprived rats. Furthermore, caffeine prevented post‐L‐LTP sleep deprivation‐induced downregulation of P‐CREB and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in the DG. The current findings show that caffeine treatment prevents acute sleep deprivation‐induced deficits in brain function.
Male Mating History Influences Female Mate Choice in the Trinidadian Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Scarponi Valentina , Chowdhury Deepro , Godin Jean‐Guy J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBased on the phenotype‐linked fertility hypothesis, sexual selection should favour females that can accurately assess the recent mating history of available sexual partners and preferentially avoid mating with recently‐mated males [who may be sperm depleted (SD)] so as to minimize the risk of their eggs not being fertilized. This hypothesis has received to date only limited attention and empirical support. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated experimentally whether females of a vertebrate species, the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata), are able to assess the recent mating history of males, and thus potentially their functional fertility, and choose to avoid mating with males that appear to have recently mated and who may be sperm limited. Individual virgin females were first given a dichotomous choice between a male that had not been recently observed to interact sexually with another female (i.e. not sperm‐depleted) and another male that had been observed to interact sexually with a female (i.e. potentially sperm‐depleted) as sexual partners. Paired males were matched for body length and coloration. Immediately following this test, the focal females were subjected to a free‐swimming mate‐choice test using the same paired stimulus males. As predicted, on average, female guppies avoided the apparently recently‐mated (and potentially sperm‐depleted) male and exhibited a significant preference for the other male not recently observed mating (and thus not likely sperm limited) during both tests. We do not yet fully understand the underlying mechanisms of this preference. Therefore, further research on the particular cues that females use to assess the recent mating history and fertility status of males is required.
Noise Reduces Foraging Efficiency in Pallid Bats (Antrozous pallidus)
Authors: Bunkley Jessie Patrice , Barber Jesse Rex 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnthropogenic noise is an emerging global pollutant. Road networks and energy extraction infrastructure are both spatially extensive and rapidly expanding sources of noise. We predict that predators reliant on acoustic cues for hunting are particularly sensitive to louder environments. Here we examined the foraging efficiency of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) when exposed to played‐back traffic and gas compressor station noise in the laboratory. We show that both types of noise at each of five exposure levels (58–76 dBA, 10–640 m from source) and low‐level amplifier noise (35 dBA) increase the time required for bats to locate prey‐generated sounds by twofold to threefold. The mechanism underlying these findings is unclear and, given the potential landscape‐level habitat degradation indicated by our data, we recommend continued research into the effects of noise exposure on acoustically specialized predators.
How Do Females’ Genetic Characteristics Influence Male Mate Preference in the Terrestrial Isopod Armadillidium vulgare?
Authors: Durand Sylvine , Beauché Fanny , Richard Freddie‐Jeanne , Beltran‐Bech Sophie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGenetic diversity is a key factor that can influence mate choice in many species. We experimentally determined the influence of this factor on mate preference in the crustacean terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. This biological model is gregarious which could increase the risk of inbreeding by mating with closely related partners. Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance during mate choice can thus be expected. Moreover, previous studies predict that males would be the choosy sex. We performed Y‐choice tests giving males the choice between two females presenting different levels of heterozygosity and genetic similarity to the male. Our results show potential inbreeding avoidance according to the genetic characteristics of females presented to males. The higher the variation in genetic similarity to the male between females is, the higher the preference of the male towards the most dissimilar female is. Hence, male preferences may only be detectable when the difference between females’ genetic characteristics is large enough. If heterozygosity is associated with fitness in A. vulgare (as in many organisms), the patterns of mate preference we observe may be adaptive.
Choosing Your Object of Benevolence: A Field Experiment on Donation Options*
Authors: Aretz Bodo , Kube Sebastian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn a large natural field experiment, we explore the effect of providing donors with the opportunity of choosing the target country for their donations. We find that our treatment manipulation affects neither the average donation size nor the response rate. Only a small fraction of donors (3.5 percent) actually choose their object of benevolence. These donors give more than those who do not specify a recipient. However, based on previous donations, we can only provide indicative evidence that this might be a causal effect rather than a mere selection effect.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Bias on Isotope Ratios in Dolomite–Ankerite, Part II: δ13C Matrix Effects
Authors: Śliwiński Maciej G. , Kitajima Kouki , Kozdon Reinhard , Spicuzza Michael J. , Fournelle John H. , Denny Adam , Valley John W. 
Published: October 2015

This study is Part II of a series that documents the development of a suite of calibration reference materials for in situ SIMS analysis of stable isotope ratios in Ca‐Mg‐Fe carbonates. Part I explored the effects of Fe2+ substitution on SIMS δ18O bias measured from the dolomite–ankerite solid solution series [CaMg(CO3)2–CaFe(CO3)2], whereas this complementary work explores the compositional dependence of SIMS δ13C bias (calibrated range: Fe# = 0.004–0.789, where Fe# = molar Fe/(Mg+Fe)). Under routine operating conditions for carbonate δ13C analysis at WiscSIMS (CAMECA IMS 1280), the magnitude of instrumental bias increased exponentially by 2.5–5.5‰ (session‐specific) with increasing Fe‐content in the dolomite structure, but appeared insensitive to minor Mn substitution [< 2.6 mole % Mn/(Ca+Mg+Fe+Mn)]. The compositional dependence of bias (i.e., the matrix effect) was expressed using the Hill equation, yielding calibration residual values ≤ 0.3‰ relative to CRM NBS‐19 for eleven carbonate reference materials (6‐μm‐diameter spot size measurements). Based on the spot‐to‐spot repeatability of a drift monitor material that ‘bracketed’ each set of ten sample‐spot analyses, the analytical precision was ± 0.6–1.2‰ (2s, standard deviations). The analytical uncertainty for individual sample analyses was approximated by combining the precision and calibration residual values (propagated in quadrature), suggesting an uncertainty of ± 1.0–1.5‰ (2s).
Fluoride concentrations of milk, infant formulae, and soy‐based products commercially available in Brazil
Authors: Nagata Mariana Emi , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Kondo Karina Yuri , de Castro Luciene Pereira , Hall Kevin Bruce , Percinoto Célio , Aguiar Sandra Maria Herondina Coelho Ávila , Pessan Juliano Pelim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the fluoride (F) content in commercially available milk formulae in Brazil and to estimate the F intake in children from this source in the first year of life.MethodsSamples of cow's milk (n = 51), infant formulae (n = 15), powdered milk (n = 13), and soy‐based products (n = 4) purchased in Araçatuba (Brazil) had their F content measured using an ion‐specific electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane‐facilitated diffusion. Powdered milk and infant formulae were reconstituted with deionized water, while ready‐to‐drink products were analyzed without any dilution. Using average infant body masses and suggested volumes of formula consumption for infants 1‐12 months of age, possible F ingestion per body mass was estimated. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis.ResultsMean F content ranged from 0.02 to 2.52 mg/L in all samples. None of the cow's milk provided F intake higher than 0.07 mg/kg. However, two infant formulae, one powdered milk, and one soy‐milk led to a daily F intake above the suggested threshold for fluorosis when reconstituted with deionized water. Assuming reconstitution of products with tap water at 0.7 ppm F, two infant formulae, five powdered milk, and four soymilks led to daily F intake ranging from 0.108 to 0.851 mg/kg.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the consumption of some brands of infant formulae, powdered milk, and soy‐based milk in the first year of age could increase the risk of dental fluorosis, reinforcing the need for periodic surveillance of the F content of foods and beverages typically consumed by young children.
Burden of fungal infections in Senegal
Authors: Badiane Aida S. , Ndiaye Daouda , Denning David W. 
Published: October 2015

SummarySenegal has a high rate of tuberculosis and a low HIV seropositivity rate and aspergilloma, life‐threatening fungal infections, dermatophytosis and mycetoma have been reported in this study. All published epidemiology papers reporting fungal infection rates from Senegal were identified. Where no data existed, we used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies in each to estimate national incidence or prevalence. The results show that tinea capitis is common being found in 25% of children, ~1.5 million. About 191 000 Senegalese women get recurrent vaginal thrush, ≥4 times annually. We estimate 685 incident cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) following TB and prevalence of 2160 cases. Asthma prevalence in adults varies from 3.2% to 8.2% (mean 5%); 9976 adults have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 13 168 have severe asthma with fungal sensitisation (SAFS). Of the 59 000 estimated HIV‐positive patients, 366 develop cryptococcal meningitis; 1149 develop Pneumocystis pneumonia and 1946 develop oesophageal candidiasis, in which oral candidiasis (53%) and dermatophytosis (16%) are common. Since 2008–2010, 113 cases of mycetoma were diagnosed. In conclusion, we estimate that 1 743 507 (12.5%) people in Senegal suffer from a fungal infection, excluding oral candidiasis, fungal keratitis, invasive candidiasis or aspergillosis. Diagnostic and treatment deficiencies should be rectified to allow epidemiological studies.