bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching the Internet for help with pain: Adolescent search, coping, and medication behaviour
Authors: Henderson Ellen M. , Keogh Edmund , Rosser Benjamin A. , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo explore a community sample of adolescents for engagement with online pain resources. To assess if the use of the Internet to search for health information correlated with measures of coping, risk taking, catastrophizing about pain, and engaging in the self‐management of pain.DesignA cross‐sectional online study of community‐based adolescents (n = 105) recruited via schools to examine their use of the Internet to seek pain‐related information.MethodsAdolescents completed questionnaires of pain coping, catastrophic thinking, risk‐taking behaviour, and medication use. Descriptive analyses were undertaken on event rates of pertinent behaviours, principally on information seeking and pain management behaviour. Correlational analyses were undertaken between coping and information seeking, and medication use.ResultsFew participants engaged in online pain information seeking. Those who did were more likely to be female and scored higher on medication use, catastrophizing, risk taking, and the total score on the Pain Coping Questionnaire.ConclusionsAlthough adolescents are high users of the Internet, paradoxically they do not appear to use the Internet for information about pain and pain management. Further research should assess inhibitory and disinhibitory factors associated with information seeking about pain and chronic illness on the Internet.Statement of ContributionWhat is already known on this subject? Internet use in adolescents is common, mobile, and displays a level of technical awareness unparalleled by adults. The internet is postulated in previous research to present a platform for the delivery of health care, particularly information to aid health decision‐making for young people.What does this study add? This study explores how adolescents use the internet to look for health information, particularly on pain and where this falls in a general profile of coping with illness. Interestingly and counterintuitively, adolescents did not use the internet to look for health or pain information. We hypothesize that there may be something about information on pain management that does not readily transfer to the digital world in a way that is useful to adolescent users.
Optogenetic reporters
Authors: Alford Spencer C. , Wu Jiahui , Zhao Yongxin , Campbell Robert E. , Knöpfel Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe discovery of naturally evolved fluorescent proteins and their subsequent tuning by protein engineering provided the basis for a large family of genetically encoded biosensors that report a variety of physicochemical processes occurring in living tissue. These optogenetic reporters are powerful tools for live‐cell microscopy and quantitative analysis at the subcellular level. In this review, we present an overview of the transduction mechanisms that have been exploited for engineering these genetically encoded reporters. Finally, we discuss current and future efforts towards the combined use of various optogenetic actuators and reporters for simultaneously controlling and imaging the physiology of cells and tissues.
Up‐regulation of aldolase A and methylglyoxal production in adipocytes
Authors: Liu Jianghai , Desai Kaushik , Wang Rui , Wu Lingyun 
Published: November 2012

Background and PurposeWe previously reported that up‐regulation of aldolase B, a key enzyme in fructose metabolism, was mainly responsible for vascular methylglyoxal (MG) overproduction under different pathological conditions. Here we investigated whether aldolase A, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, also caused MG overproduction in insulin‐sensitive adipocytes.Experimental ApproachThe relative contributions of different metabolic pathways or enzymes to MG generation were evaluated in cultured 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.Key ResultsGlucose (25 mM) had no effect on aldolase A gene expression, but insulin (100 nM) up‐regulated aldolase A mRNA and protein levels in the absence or presence of 25 mM glucose in adipocytes. Treatment with insulin increased levels of basal or glucose (25 mM)‐induced MG and glucose 6‐phosphate. However, insulin, glucose (25 mM) or their combination had no effect on cellular levels of sorbitol and fructose, but down‐regulated gene expression of aldolase B to a similar extent, when compared with the control group. Incubation of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with fructose, acetone, acetol, threonine or glycine (25 mM), with or without insulin did not alter cellular MG levels. The elevated MG levels induced by insulin, glucose (25 mM) or their combination in adipocytes was completely reduced by siRNA knock down of aldolase A or application of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (a non‐specific inhibitor of glucose uptake and glycolysis), but not by knock down of aldolase B.Conclusion and ImplicationsInsulin enhanced MG overproduction in insulin‐sensitive adipocytes by up‐regulating aldolase A, a mechanism that could be involved in the development of insulin resistance and obesity.
An investigation of the needs of grandparents who are raising grandchildren
Authors: Harnett Paul H. , Dawe Sharon , Russell Melissa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEvidence suggests that children in out‐of‐home care function better when placed in kinship compared with foster care. Less is known about the functioning of children in the unique form of kinship care where grandparents are caring full‐time for their grandchildren in informal care arrangements. As grandparent carers are increasingly taking on this role, it is timely to investigate the functioning of the children in this form of care and the characteristics of the grandparents themselves. We compared the functioning of children in the two types of care. We also investigated carer characteristics, including the relationship between child functioning, social support and daily hassles on carer stress. One hundred fourteen cares and 180 children were assessed on a range of demographic and clinical measures. Children in grandparent care were displaying better behavioural and adaptive functioning than children living with foster carers. Grandparent carers reported higher levels of distress in the carer role. Predictors of carer stress included severity of child behaviour problems and daily hassles. Both group of carers and the children in their care would benefit from increased support from treatment services.
Long‐term survival of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants: a meta‐analytical approach to the clinical literature
Authors: van Oirschot Bart A. J. A. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Meijer Gert J. , Jansen John A. , Junker Rüdiger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundCalcium phosphate ceramic coatings have the potential to compensate for challenging bone conditions such as delayed or impaired bone healing and low bone quantity or density. Thus, the increasing universal prevalence of subjects with such challenging bone conditions might be paralleled by an enhanced global use of calcium phosphate ceramic‐coated dental implants. However, it is speculated that the long‐term clinical survival of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants might be adversely affected by coating delamination.ObjectiveThe aims of the current review were (1) to systematically appraise and (2) to meta‐analyse long‐term survival data of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants in clinical trials.Materials and methodsAn extensive search in the electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the ISI Web of Knowledge, was carried out for articles published between January 2000 and November 2011 to identify randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective clinical trials as well as retrospective analysis of cases (RA) presenting survival data on the topic of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants. Only publications in English were considered, and the search was narrowed to studies in humans with a follow‐up of at least 5 years only. Furthermore, the reference lists of related review articles and publications selected for inclusion in this review were systematically screened. The primary outcome variable was percentage annual failure rate (AFR), and the secondary outcome variable was percentage cumulative survival rate (CSR).ResultsThe electronic search in the database of the National Library of Medicine, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the ISI Web of Knowledge, resulted in the identification of 385 titles. These titles were initially screened by the two independent reviewers for possible inclusion, resulting in 29 publications suitable for further consideration. Screening the abstracts led to 20 full‐text articles. From these articles, 15 reports were excluded. Finally, five of these original research reports could be selected for evaluation. No additional publications were identified by manual search. Thus, a total of five articles were included for analysis. Meta‐analysis revealed that neither AFRs of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants increased progressively nor that long‐term CSRs for calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants were inferior to survival rates of noncoated implants.ConclusionWe conclude that (1) published long‐term survival data for calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants are very limited, (2) AFRs of calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants do not increase progressively, and (3) long‐term CSRs for calcium phosphate‐coated dental implants are comparable to survival rates of noncoated implants.
Self‐reported outcomes of trans‐tibial amputations for non‐reconstructable Charcot neuroarthropathy in patients with diabetes: a preliminary report
Authors: Wukich D. K. , Pearson K. T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsLower‐extremity amputation in patients with diabetes is associated with premature mortality and impaired ambulatory status. Despite advances in limb salvage techniques, certain patients will require major amputation. The hypothesis of this study is that self‐reported outcomes of patients with non‐reconstructable Charcot neuroarthropathy and chronic osteomyelitis improve after trans‐tibial amputation.MethodsSelf‐reported outcome was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36‐item health survey (SF‐36) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure. The study group included 13 patients with diabetes who underwent a trans‐tibial amputation and completed both the Medical Outcome Study SF‐36 and the Foot and Ankle Measure pre‐ and post‐operatively.ResultsSignificant improvement after trans‐tibial amputation occurred in the SF‐36 Physical Component Summary score and both the Foot and Ankle Measure Activity of Daily Living and Sports scores at a mean follow‐up of 79 weeks (range 53–122 weeks). Although the SF‐36 Mental Component Summary score improved, the improvement did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.30). Twelve of the 13 patients were satisfied with the amputation and had no reservations.ConclusionsIn a select group of Charcot neuroarthropathy patients with chronic osteomyelitis, trans‐tibial amputation resulted in improvement in self‐reported outcomes. Although major lower‐extremity amputation is a devastating complication in patients with diabetes, the results of this study provides some evidence for optimism in these high‐risk patients.
Morphologic, flow cytometric, functional, and molecular analyses of S100B positive lymphocytes, unique cytotoxic lymphocytes containing S100B protein
Authors: Miki Yukari , Gion Yuka , Mukae Yuriko , Hayashi Atsushi , Sato Hiaki , Yoshino Tadashi , Takahashi Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLittle is known about the S100B+ lymphocytes, which are unique human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) containing the S100B protein. It has recently been shown that S100B is released from various types of S100B+ cells and exhibits varied cytokine‐like activities. In this study, we precisely characterized the S100B+ lymphocytes of healthy adults with respect to the proportion in the whole PBL, immunophenotypes, function, and their S100B mRNA expression and also evaluated their S100B‐releasing activity upon stimulation. S100B+ lymphocytes were detected in all individuals examined, and the proportion of S100B+ lymphocytes in the whole PBL ranged from 0.42% to 16.15% (mean, 4.21%). In addition, two subtypes of S100B+ lymphocytes, a CTL subtype (CD3+ CD8+ CD16‐) and a NK subtype (CD3‐ CD8‐ CD16+), were detected. The majority of the CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes expressed the αβ‐T‐cell receptor. Surprisingly, S100B mRNA was detected not only in S100B+ lymphocytes, but also in every S100B‐ lymphocytes, although the expression levels of S100B mRNA in S100B‐ lymphocytes were much lower than those of S100B+ lymphocytes. The CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibited blastic morphological changes, proliferated and released S100B upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The NK subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibited morphological NK activity when cocultivated with NK‐sensitive target, K‐562 cells. Thus, the CTL subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibit the biological characteristics of T cells, while the NK subtype of S100B+ lymphocytes exhibit the characteristics of NK cells. These results suggest that S100B+ lymphocytes are a particular subtype of cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a unique role in antitumor immunity.
Niche opportunities and invasion dynamics in a desert annual community
Authors: Allington Ginger R. H. , Koons David N. , Morgan Ernest S. K. , Schutzenhofer Michele R. , Valone Thomas J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough many factors influence the ability of exotics to invade successfully, most studies focus on only a few variables to explain invasion; attempts at theoretical synthesis are largely untested. The niche opportunities framework proposes that the demographic success of an invader is largely affected by the availability of resources and the abundance of its enemies. Here, we use a 31‐year study from a desert ecosystem to examine the niche opportunities framework via the invasion of the annual plant Erodium cicutarium. While the invader remained rare for two decades, a decline in granivory combined with an ideal climate window created an opportunity for E. cicutarium to escape control and become the dominant annual plant in the community. We show that fluctuations in consumption and resources can create niche opportunities for invaders and highlight the need for additional long‐term studies to track the influence of changing climate and community dynamics on invasions.
Spillover of fish naïveté from marine reserves
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Cinner Joshua E. , Russ Garry R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSpillover of adult fish biomass is an expected benefit from no‐take marine reserves to adjacent fisheries. Here, we show fisher‐naïve behaviour in reef fishes also spills over from marine reserves, potentially increasing access to fishery benefits by making fishes more susceptible to spearguns. The distance at which two targeted families of fishes began to flee a potential fisher [flight initiation distance (FID)] was lower inside reserves than in fished areas, and this reduction extended outside reserve boundaries. Reduced FID persisted further outside reserves than increases in fish biomass. This finding could help increase stakeholder support for marine reserves and improve current models of spillover by informing estimates for spatial changes in catchability. Behavioural changes of fish could help explain differences between underwater visual census and catch data in quantifying the spatial extent of spillover from marine reserves, and should be considered in the management of adjacent fisheries.
Rethinking the Origins of ‘Western’ Imperialism in China: Global Constellations and Imperial Policies, 1790–1860
Authors: Klein Thoralf 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the light of recent scholarship, this article revisits the conventional understanding of the origins of ‘Western’ imperialism in China. I argue, in particular, that global factors must be taken into account to explain the silver crisis that precipitated Qing China’s conflict with the ‘West’, as well as the British decision to go to war and ‘Western’ military performance in the two Opium Wars. Utilizing concepts from New Qing History, I will further demonstrate that although Britain and other imperialist powers tried to impose their concept of sovereign equality on the Qing Empire by force, the treaty port system that evolved from the Opium Wars also owed a great deal to Qing Imperial policies of border control and legal arrangements. Instead of Chinese passivity, I emphasize Qing agency in the establishment of ‘Western’ transnational imperialism in China.
‘Leach would be first rate – if you could get him’1: Edmund Leach and the Australian National University, 1956
Authors: Gray Geoffrey , Munro Doug 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn June 1956, after an extensive search, Edmund Leach was offered the Chair of Anthropology at the Australian National University. Leach was brought to Canberra and wooed but he declined to accept the appointment. Contemporaries were never quite sure why Leach turned down his first offer of a chair. Recourse to institutional and personal papers reveals that family impediments rather than professional misgivings ensured that Leach would not take up the offer.
“What it Means to Be a Man”: Contested Masculinity in the Early Republic and Antebellum America”
Authors: Rindfleisch Bryan C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn essay interweaving the existing historical literature pertaining to American masculinity in the aftermath of the American Revolution up until the Civil War. Addresses not only issues of Masculinity, but also Race, Gender, Class, and Empire in addition to the general American historical narrative.
Expression ofOrseolia oryzae nucleoside diphosphate kinase(OoNDPK) is enhanced in rice gall midge feeding on susceptible rice hosts and its over‐expression leads to salt tolerance inEscherichia coli
Authors: Sinha D. K. , Atray I. , Bentur J. S. , Nair S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Asian rice gall midge,Orseolia oryzae, is a major dipteran pest of rice, with many known biotypes. The present investigation was initiated to understand the molecular mechanisms of infestation for developing novel integrated pest management strategies. We isolated and characterized a gene, nucleoside diphosphate kinase (OoNDPK), from the rice gall midge, encoding a protein with 169 amino acid residues and with a secretory signal sequence – an observation that assumes significance as salivary gland secretions have been implicated to play a major role in insect−plant interactions. Furthermore, up‐regulation (> 18 folds) ofOoNDPKwas observed in the salivary glands of maggots feeding on susceptible host in contrast to those feeding on resistant host. Phylogenetic analysis revealed similarity ofOoNDPKwith its dipteran orthologues. 3DLigandSiteanalysis, of the predictedOoNDPKand its orthologues, revealed phenylalanine and tyrosine residues to be specifically present inNDPKproteins from the plant feeders. Results suggest secretion ofOoNDPKinto the host plant and its probable involvement in gall midge−rice interaction. Using the coleoptile cell elongation assay, we demonstrated that the recombinantOoNDPKis capable of causing elongation of rice coleoptile cells. Additionally, heterologous expression ofOoNDPKinEscherichia coliincreased the tolerance of these cells to salt (NaCl; up to 1 mM), hinting at the involvement of this gene in abiotic stress response as well.
Associations between aberrant DNA methylation and transcript levels of DNMT1 and MBD2 in CD4+T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Qin Hai‐Hong , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Liang Jun , Yang Yong‐Sheng , Wang Shang‐Shang , Shi Wei‐Min , Xu Jin‐Hua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesIt seems that global DNA hypomethylation in CD4+T cells is linked to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the underlying mechanism by which SLE patients show hypomethylated DNA remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between DNA methylation patterns and expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1) and MBD2 in CD4+T cells of SLE patients.MethodsCD4+T cells were obtained from 30 patients with SLE and 18 normal controls. The global DNA methylation levels in CD4+T cells were evaluated by the Methyflash DNA methylation quantification kit. The mRNA levels of DNMT1 and MBD2 were quantified by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsSLE patients had significantly lower global DNA methylation levels than controls, and the global DNA methylation was inversely correlated with the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). The mRNA levels of DNMT1 in SLE patients were significantly lower than that of controls and there was no correlation between DNMT1 mRNA levels and SLEDAI but there was a positive correlation between DNMT1 mRNA levels and global DNA methylation. The mRNA levels of MBD2 in SLE patients were significantly higher than in controls, and there was positive correlation between MBD2 mRNA levels and SLEDAI and an inverse correlation between MBD2 mRNA levels and global DNA methylation.ConclusionsGlobal DNA hypomethylation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Abnormal expression levels of DNMT1 and MBD2 mRNA may be important causes of the global hypomethylation observed in CD4+T cells in SLE.
Advances in maternal fetal medicine practice
Authors: Tan Woo Syong , Guaran Robert , Challis Daniel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMaternal fetal medicine (MFM) is a subspecialty of obstetrics that focuses on identified risk pregnancies. The role includes obstetric ultrasound for fetal assessment and diagnosis of anomalies, invasive prenatal diagnosis and management of pregnancies complicated by maternal medical disorders, multiple fetuses and the antenatal management of extreme prematurity.Skill specialisation within MFM includes fetal interventions such as fetal shunting procedures, intrauterine transfusion, fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of anastomotic vessels for twin to twin transfusion syndrome and ex utero intrapartum treatment. MFM specialists are actively involved in clinical and basic science research to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Most Australian MFM specialists are associated with metropolitan teaching hospitals. MFM sub‐specialisation has reduced the impact of disability associated with aneuploidy, structural anomalies, multiple pregnancy and extreme prematurity. Management aims are to give families timely counselling, appropriate intervention, and optimisation of the time and location of delivery. The aim of this paper is to update the reader regarding current advances in MFM practices.