bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroids In caRdiac Surgery (SIRS) trial: acute kidney injury substudy protocol of an international randomised controlled trial
Authors: Garg Amit X , Vincent Jessica , Cuerden Meaghan , Parikh Chirag , Devereaux P J , Teoh Kevin , Yusuf Salim , Hildebrand Ainslie , Lamy Andre , Zuo Yunxia , Sessler Daniel I , Shah Pallav , Abbasi Seyed Hesameddin , Quantz Mackenzie , Yared Jean-Pierre , Noiseux Nicolas , Tagarakis Georgios , Rochon Antoine , Pogue Janice , Walsh Michael , Chan Matthew T V , Lamontagne Francois , Salehiomran Abbas , Whitlock Richard ,   on behalf of the SIRS Investigators
Published: March 2014

IntroductionSteroids In caRdiac Surgery trial (SIRS) is a large international randomised controlled trial of methylprednisolone or placebo in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. At the time of surgery, compared with placebo, methylprednisolone divided into two intravenous doses of 250 mg each may reduce the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods and analysisWith respect to the study schedule, over 7000 substudy eligible patients from 81 centres in 18 countries were randomised in December 2013. The authors will use a logistic regression to estimate the adjusted OR of methylprednisolone versus placebo on the primary outcome of AKI in the 14 days following surgery (a postoperative increase in serum creatinine of ≥50%, or ≥26.5 μmol/L, from the preoperative value). The stage of AKI will also be considered, as will the outcome of AKI in those with and without preoperative chronic kidney disease. After receipt of grant funding, the authors began to record additional perioperative serum creatinine measurements in consecutive patients enrolled at substudy participating centres, and patients were invited to enroll in a 6-month serum creatinine collection. In these trial subpopulations, the authors will consider the outcome of AKI defined in alternate ways, and the outcome of a 6-month change in kidney function from the preoperative value.Ethics and disseminationThe authors were competitively awarded a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for this SIRS AKI substudy. Ethics approval was obtained for additional serum creatinine recordings in consecutive patients enrolled at participating centres. The additional kidney data collection first began for patients enrolled after 1 March 2012. In patients who provided consent, the last 6-month kidney outcome data will be collected in 2014. The results will be reported no later than 2015.Clinical Trial RegistrationNumberNCT00427388.
Three decades of underground research laboratories: what have we learned?
Authors: Delay Jacques , Bossart Paul , Ling Li Xiang , Blechschmidt Ingo , Ohlsson Mats , Vinsot Agnès , Nussbaum Christophe , Maes Norbert 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper describes how four scientific and safety relevant issues have been addressed in special-purpose research laboratories focusing on the geological disposal of high level and long-lived radioactive waste. These are: (a) the effects of heat on the engineered barriers and the geological environment; (b) the geochemical characterization of pore-water in argillaceous rocks; (c) the diffusion and retention of radionuclides; and (d) the full-size sealing of a waste emplacement. They are illustrated by experiments conducted in five underground research laboratories (URLs), three of which are in clay formations (Mol in Belgium, Centre de Meuse–Haute-Marne in France, and Mont Terri Rock Laboratory in Switzerland) and two in granite (Aspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden and Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland).
This paper highlights how the various types of experiments are related and how their results have been applied to foster progress. The most complex experiments have revealed artefacts and technical or methodological difficulties associated with interactions among multiple phenomena, the occurrence or intensity of which cannot be analysed by simple models. In turn, these difficulties have prompted experiments targeted at elementary phenomena, thereby encouraging the development of new investigation protocols and monitoring tools.

More than 30 years of investigations in special-purpose URLs show the benefits of
in-situ
experimental programmes in the context of radioactive waste management. The laboratories have opened up avenues for research and advanced knowledge and technology. Thanks to a large component of international cooperation, they have made it possible to mobilize the financial and human resources required for this type of research. They have, above all, shared thoughts and promoted interdisciplinary studies around the same subject. They make common strategies possible at international level.
A Multicenter Randomized Trial of the Effects of Exercise Dose and Type on Psychosocial Distress in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , McKenzie Donald C. , Gelmon Karen , Mackey John R. , Reid Robert D. , Yasui Yutaka , Friedenreich Christine M. , Forbes Cynthia C. , Trinh Linda , Jespersen Diana , Cook Diane , Proulx Carolyn , Wooding Evyanne , Dolan Lianne B. , Segal Roanne J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground: Exercise may improve psychosocial distress in patients with cancer; however, few studies have examined the effects of different types or doses of exercise, or whether exercise effects are related to baseline depression levels.Methods: In a multicenter trial in Canada, we randomized 301 patients with breast cancer initiating chemotherapy to thrice weekly, supervised exercise consisting of either a standard dose of 25 to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise (STAN; n = 96), a higher dose of 50 to 60 minutes of aerobic exercise (HIGH; n = 101), or a combined dose of 50 to 60 minutes of aerobic and resistance exercise (COMB; n = 104). The primary endpoint was depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale at baseline, twice during chemotherapy, and postchemotherapy. Secondary endpoints were anxiety, perceived stress, and self-esteem.Results: Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that neither HIGH [mean difference = −0.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), +0.0 to −1.8; P = 0.061] nor COMB (mean difference = −0.4; 95% CI, +0.5 to −1.3; P = 0.36) was superior to STAN for managing depressive symptoms. In a planned subgroup analysis, there was a significant interaction with baseline depression levels (Pinteraction = 0.027) indicating that COMB and HIGH were effective for managing depressive symptoms in patients with clinical levels of depressive symptoms at baseline.Conclusions: Compared with a standard volume of aerobic exercise, higher volumes of exercise did not help manage depressive symptoms in unselected patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, but they were effective in patients with clinical levels of depressive symptoms at baseline.Impact: A phase III exercise trial targeting depressed patients with breast cancer is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 857–64. ©2014 AACR.
Ancient Economics—Modern Interpreters: The World of Jesus
Authors: May David M. 
Published: March 2014

Jesus was keenly aware of the economic realities in his age, and many of his sayings and parables reflect these realities. Contemporary readers, however, tend to “de-economize” them in order to extract theological truths or to read Jesus' words through capitalistic lenses. A considerate reader of the New Testament, however, needs an appropriate template for reading economic situations within their original contexts. Jesus' economic world was embedded within two major social domains: Kinship and politics (powers). These two social domains serve as twin institutions for understanding the economic language, imagery, and focus of Jesus' words. Jesus' saying about leaving family and land in Mark 10:29–31 serves as a test case for examining some of the prominent economic issues of Jesus' day.
A Biblical Approach to Hospitality
Authors: Carroll Matthew 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT This article speaks as an introduction to the theology and practice of hospitality. Throughout scripture, we read an understanding and calling to hospitality both as custom and more importantly as mandate for followers of Christ. First, the challenges of meeting this mandate are laid out primarily through identifying the fear many have of the unknown. Second, the definitions of stranger and neighbor have been influenced by popular culture today and are seen by some as total opposites. This article aims to help differentiate the two terms through the lens of scripture. Finally, a celebration of difference is emphasized as a primary means to welcome all to the table of hospitality.
Fever in hospitalized HIV-infected patients in Western French Guiana: first think histoplasmosis
Authors: Vantilcke Vincent , Boukhari Rachida , Jolivet Anne , Vautrin Cyrille , Misslin Caroline , Adenis Antoine , Nacher Mathieu 
Published: March 2014

Summary In Western French Guiana, there was a dramatic increase in HIV prevalence between 1990 and 2000. The present study describes the causes of fever among HIV patients hospitalized in the medical ward of the only hospital in the western part of French Guiana. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2010 in the department of medicine of Saint Laurent du Maroni Hospital. The main characteristics of 67 patients having presented with fever in the first 48 hours of hospitalization were described. Among patients with CD4 <200/mm3 the main febrile opportunistic infection was disseminated histoplasmosis (41.1%). Among patients with CD4 counts <50/mm3 and fever without focal points 85.7% had disseminated histoplasmosis. Three patients died and all had disseminated histoplasmosis. Disseminated histoplasmosis is the most common febrile opportunistic infection in western French Guiana. Primary prophylaxis with itraconazole among immunocompromised patients seems warranted.
Estimation of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Nozaki Y , Kinoshita K , Yano T , Shiga T , Hino S , Niki K , Kishimoto K , Funauchi M , Matsumura I 
Published: March 2014

Objective Biomarkers of disease activity in lupus nephritis (LN) are needed. Ideally, such biomarkers would be capable of detecting early sub-clinical disease and could be used to gauge response to therapy, thus obviating the need for serial renal biopsies. Much of the focus in the search for LN biomarkers has been on the measurement of urinary chemokines and cytokines in LN patients. However, these have yet to be widely implemented in clinical practice. Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) is expressed in damaged tubules, but whether urinary (u) and tubular (t)-Kim-1 could serve as a biomarker of active LN is unknown. To investigate the disease activity and histological findings in LN, we evaluated u-Kim-1 levels and t-Kim-1 cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Method We measured u-Kim-1 levels and stained t-Kim-1 expression in 57 patients with LN using an ELISA and immunohistochemistry staining. Patients were classified into two groups (active LN, n = 37; inactive LN, n = 20) based on the presence of active renal disease according to the renal SLE disease activity index. correlations of clinical, laboratory data, and histological findings with urinary and t-Kim-1 expression were assessed. Result The u-Kim-1 levels were significantly correlated with the expression of t-Kim-1 ( R = 0.64; P = 0.004) in the SLE patients. The active LN patients exhibited elevated u-Kim-1 levels compared to the inactive LN patients. The number of t-Kim-1 cells was also correlated with histological findings (both glomerular and interstitial inflammation). The u-Kim-1 levels were also correlated with proteinuria and tubular damage in the active LN group. The number of t-Kim-1 cells at baseline was significantly correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate ( R = 0.72; P = 0.005) and serum creatinine ( R = 0.53; P = 0.005) after 6–8 months of treatment. Conclusion These data suggest the potential use of the u-Kim-1 levels to screen for active LN and for the estimation of t-Kim-1 expression in renal biopsies to predict renal damage, ongoing glomerular nephritis and tubulointerstitial inflammation, and tubular atrophy.
The Added Value of Log File Analyses of the Use of a Personal Health Record for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sieverink Floor , Kelders Saskia M. , Braakman-Jansen Louise M. A. , van Gemert-Pijnen Julia E. W. C. 
Published: March 2014

Background: The electronic personal health record (PHR) is a promising technology for improving the quality of chronic disease management. Until now, evaluations of such systems have provided only little insight into why a particular outcome occurred. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the navigation process (what functionalities are used, and in what sequence) of e-Vita, a PHR for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to increase the efficiency of the system and improve the long-term adherence. Method: Log data of the first visits in the first 6 weeks after the release of a renewed version of e-Vita were analyzed to identify the usage patterns that emerge when users explore a new application. Results: After receiving the invitation, 28% of all registered users visited e-Vita. In total, 70 unique usage patterns could be identified. When users visited the education service first, 93% of all users ended their session. Most users visited either 1 or 5 or more services during their first session, but the distribution of the routes was diffuse. Conclusions: In conclusion, log file analyses can provide valuable prompts for improving the system design of a PHR. In this way, the match between the system and its users and the long-term adherence has the potential to increase.
Knowledge, awareness and attitudes about cervical cancer among women attending or not an HIV treatment center in Lao PDR
Authors: SICHANH Chanvilay , QUET Fabrice , CHANTHAVILAY Phetsavanh , DIENDERE Joeffroy , LATTHAPHASAVANG Vatthanaphone , LONGUET Christophe , BUISSON Yves 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is the first female cancer in Lao PDR, a low-income country with no national screening and prevention programs for this human papillomavirus (HPV) associated pathology. HIV-infected women have a higher risk of persistent oncogenic HPV infection.
The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, awareness and attitudes about cervical cancer among Lao women attending or not an HIV treatment center, in order to understand if this attendance had offered an opportunity for information and prevention.

Methods
A cross-sectional case–control survey was conducted in three provinces of Lao PDR, Vientiane, Luang Prabang and Savannakhet. Cases were 320 women aged 25 to 65, living with HIV and followed in an HIV treatment center. Controls were 320 women matched for age and place of residence, not attending an HIV treatment center.

Results
Cases had a greater number of sexual partners and used condoms more often than controls. Only 36.6% of women had consulted a gynecologist (47.5% among cases and 25.6% among controls, p < 0.001) and 3.9% had benefited from at least one Pap smear screening (5.6% cases and 2.2% controls, p = 0.02). The average knowledge score was 3.5 on a 0 to 13 scale, significantly higher in cases than in controls (p < 0.0001). Despite having a lower education level and economic status, the women living with HIV had a better knowledge about cervical cancer and were more aware than the controls of the risk of developing such a cancer (35.9% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.0001). The main source of information was healthcare professionals. The main reasons for not undergoing Pap smear were the absence of symptoms and the default of medical injunction for cases, the lack of information and ignorance of screening usefulness for controls.

Conclusion
In Lao PDR, routine consultation in HIV treatment centers is not enough harnessed to inform women of their high risk of developing cervical cancer, and to perform screening testing and treatment of precancerous lesions. Implementing this cost-effective strategy could be the first step toward a national prevention program for cervical cancer.
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) overexpression predicts the prognosis and pN2 in pancreatic head carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jian , Song Shiduo , Li Dechun , He Songbing , Zhang Bing , Wang Zhenxin , Zhu Xinguo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
This study was carried out to examine decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma.

Methods
Tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. DcR3 protein expression in tissues and sera was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 and clinicopathologic features and prognoses were analyzed statistically.

Results
Serum DcR3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma compared with patients with cystadenoma and healthy individuals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). DcR3 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastases and TNM stages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Median overall survival for the high DcR3 group was 16.3 months, compared to 21.6 months for the low DcR3 group (P < 0.05). In the low DcR3 group, no significant difference was found in the overall survival between patients who underwent standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and those who had radical pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) (P > 0.05). In the high DcR3 group, the median overall survival rates were 16.8 months in the RPD group and 13.5 months in the SPD group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
We found that DcR3 was overexpressed in pancreatic head carcinoma. The patients with high DcR3 levels had higher pN2 stages than those with low DcR3 levels. Detecting serum DcR3 level preoperatively might be an additional approach for evaluating pN2 stage and guiding the range of lymphadenectomy.
Optimal power policies and throughput scaling analyses in fading cognitive broadcast channels with primary outage probability constraint
Authors: Limmanee Athipat , Dey Subhrakanti , Nekouei Ehsan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper focuses on a spectrum-sharing-based fading cognitive radio broadcast channel (BC) with a single-antenna secondary base station (SBS) and M single-antenna secondary receivers (SRs) utilizing the same spectrum band with a delay-sensitive primary user (PU). The service-quality requirement for the primary user is set by an outage probability constraint (POC). We address the optimal power allocation problem for the SBS ergodic sum capacity (ESC) maximization in the secondary BC network subject to POC and a transmit power constraint at SBS specified by either a long-term or a short-term power constraint. The optimality conditions reveal that in each joint channel state, the SBS allocates transmission power to the only one selected SR with the highest value of a certain metric consisting of the ratio of the SR’s direct channel power gain and the sum of interference power and noise power at the SR. Then, the secondary network throughput scaling analysis as the number of SRs becomes large, is also investigated, showing that if PU applies a truncated channel inversion (TCI) power policy, the SBS ESC scales like ε

p
log(logM) where ε

p
is the PU outage probability threshold. To reduce the amount of channel side information (CSI) transferred between the two networks, we propose a suboptimal transmission scheme which requires only 1-bit feedback from the delay-sensitive PR (partial CSI). We show that the new power control policy is asymptotically optimal, i.e. the SBS ESC under this reduced feedback scheme still scales like ε

p
log(logM).
SPARC deficiency affects bone marrow stromal function, resulting in impaired B lymphopoiesis
Authors: Luo Zhen , Zhou Yu , Luo Pan , Zhao Qian , Xiao Na , Yu Yan , Yan Qi , Lu Guangxiu , Cheng Lamei 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIt has been demonstrated that B cells were decreased in the BM of SPARC-null mice, accompanied by a lack of immune response to LPS. However, the effect of SPARC deficiency on B lymphopoiesis remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of SPARC in the regulation of B lymphopoiesis, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. In present study, we found that the size of B-lineage progenitors (pro-B and pre-B plus immature B cells) and primitive hematopoietic cells (LSK and LTC cells) were reduced, whereas multipotent progenitors (CFU-S12) were increased in BM of SPARC-null mice. When SPARC-null BM cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated WT mice, the B cell population in recipients was restored to a level equivalent to that generated by WT BM cells, suggesting that the changes of the BM microenvironment in SPARC-null mice affect B lymphopoiesis. Furthermore, we found that SPARC-null BMSCs did not support the differentiation of WT BM cells into the B cell population in vitro, and conditioned medium derived from SPARC-null BMSCs inhibited B cell differentiation. However, the addition of rmSPARC to the coculture system did not restore the impaired B lymphopoiesis. In summary, our findings suggest that SPARC plays a crucial role in the regulation of early B lymphopoiesis.
Endocrine Disorders in Adolescent and Young Female Athletes: Impact on Growth, Menstrual Cycles, and Bone Mass Acquisition
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Georgopoulos Neoklis A. , Sultan Charles 
Published: March 2014

Context:Puberty is a crucial period of dramatic hormonal changes, accelerated growth, attainment of reproductive capacity, and acquisition of peak bone mass. Participation in recreational physical activity is widely acknowledged to provide significant health benefits in this period. Conversely, intense training imposes several constraints, such as training stress and maintenance of very low body fat to maximize performance. Adolescent female athletes are therefore at risk of overtraining and/or poor dietary intake, which may have several consequences for endocrine function. The “adaptive” changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, -adrenal, and somatotropic axes and the secretory role of the adipose tissue are reviewed, as are their effects on growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition.Design:A systematic search on Medline between 1990 and 2013 was conducted using the following terms: “intense training,” “physical activity,” or “exercise” combined with “hormone,” “endocrine,” and “girls,” “women,” or “elite female athletes.” All articles reporting on the endocrine changes related to intense training and their potential implications for growth, menstrual cycles, and bone mass acquisition were considered.Results and Conclusion:Young female athletes present a high prevalence of menstrual disorders, including delayed menarche, oligomenorrhea, and amenorrhea, characterized by a high degree of variability according to the type of sport. Exercise-related reproductive dysfunction may have consequences for growth velocity and peak bone mass acquisition. Recent findings highlight the endocrine role of adipose tissue and energy balance in the regulation of homeostasis and reproductive function. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby intense training affects the endocrine system may orient research to develop innovative strategies (ie, based on nutritional or pharmacological approaches and individualized modalities of training and competition) to improve the medical care of these adolescents and protect their reproductive function.