bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of beverages of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) with soy
Authors: Frizon Cátia Nara Tobaldini , Perussello Camila Augusto , Sturion José Alfredo , Fracasso Aline Francielle , Hoffmann-Ribani Rosemary 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– Forasmuch as the consumer’s demand for food products that provide nutrition and health benefits has considerably increased in the past decade, the authors decided to join two important Brazilian commodities in a high-nutrition drink: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is rich in several bioactive compounds, and soybean is a high-quality protein source. To optimize the design and maximize the acceptability of the beverage, the authors studied its stability during storage. The beverage developed allows enlarging of the potential market of yerba mate, taking profit of the growing call for the consumption of antioxidant foods and benefits small-scale producers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Twelve beverages were formulated with extract of yerba mate from leaves of planted (P) and native trees (N), both enriched with water-soluble soy extract (WSE). Among all formulations, two of them, which were sensorially preferred in a previous study, were selected to investigate their market potential. During the six months of storage, microbiological analyses were performed and the parameters acidity, viscosity, pH and rutin content were assessed. Sensorial tests of acceptability and purchase intent were also conducted.

Findings
– The drinks remained microbiologically adequate for consumption during six months of storage. High sensory acceptability and purchase intent scores were obtained for Beverage P. This drink resulted in smoother taste and presented a decrease in acidity and constant viscosity during the storage, while Beverage N had an increase in acidity and viscosity. The rutin loss at 120 days was 14.2 per cent for Drink P and 32.4 per cent for N, with a half-life of 423.6 and 185.3 days, respectively.

Originality/value
– Given the quantified parameters, the beverage produced from leaves of planted trees (P) may be used as a novel high nutrition food suitable for the growing requirements of the yerba mate by-products market.
No crying for training
Authors: Zhu Guorong 
Published: May 2015

Synopsis
Gloria Chen, an American educated Chinese management consultant, was asked by China Mobile, a leading telecommunication company, to deliver training on career management. Following her own training in the USA, the consultant developed a three-day training program that focussed on deep reflection of who you are and what legacy you want to leave. Much to her surprise, participants reacted strongly to the training with emotional reactions and expressed desires for career change. The consultant, therefore, had to reflect upon the design of the training program and the disconnect between the approach and the context across international borders. This case, written on the basis of first-hand experience, presents a dilemma in training and development where western concepts meet an eastern audience and cultural incongruence brings up new challenges. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are taking training and development courses or international business courses with regard to cultural differences.

Research methodology
This case was based on the author's first-hand experience of delivering training and development programs to China Mobile, with supplemental information including company background and executive quotations provided directly by the client. Video recording of the training program as the author experienced it is available for review and clips from the video may be used to assist teaching this case.

Relevant courses and levels
This case is a Training and Development Case written for use by undergraduate students in Human Resources (HR) Management classes. It can be used more broadly in international HR, International Management, or International Business where cultural differences might be a sizable component. For the topic of training and development, the students are expected to have learned about identifying training needs, theories of learning, different training approaches, and started to explore transferring the learning into international context. For the broader topic of cultural differences and international business, the students are expected to have learned about the different manifest of culture, especially social norms related to expression of emotions, as well as inter-cultural experiences for business people working overseas.

Theoretical bases
Learning styles and training approaches. Learning styles refer to the various ways of learning particular to an individual, that are presumed to allow that individual to learn best. Most people prefer an identifiable method of interacting with, taking in, and processing stimuli or information (Ackerman et al., 1989; Pashler et al., 2009). Based on this idea, successful delivery of training needs to take into consideration the learning styles of participants involved.
Opportunity recognition in a declining industry: the consultant's role
Authors: Vega Gina , Simendinger Earl 
Published: May 2015

Synopsis
Carl Woods, a management consultant, experiences a series of frustrating events when trying to replace the mesh sling to a patio chair. Eventually, he realizes that he could organize a coopetitive relationship among the various outdoor furniture companies, each of which provided only a portion of the service he needed. The case tracks Carl's recognition of the opportunity presented by a hole in the market and the consultant's role in the development of coopetition in the Florida outdoor furniture industry. Students are asked to assist Carl in performing the consulting role by developing solutions to the problems that have arisen within the coopetitive group.

Research methodology
This case has been field researched.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is suitable for undergraduate students in basic entrepreneurship, small business management, or organizational behavior.
Rebranding the Leper Colony: Challenges of Changing Culture and Managing Difficult People
Authors: Kipple Allison , Anderson Joe S. , Dustman Jack , Williams Susan K. 
Published: May 2015

Anika, a new manager, is confronted by a dysfunctional organizational culture characterized by employee disrespect, insubordination, and low performance. Her charge is to “to turn the place around”. The case takes place in a service organization, a testing range run by the US Department of Defense. The staff is a combination of federal and contract employees who test clients’ high-tech systems in a sometimes dangerous, desert environment.In addition, there are three vignettes that give a portrait of dysfunctional individual behaviors. Frequently, the response students want to make is “I'd just fire the guy.” Unfortunately, it is not so simple.
The Vitamin Shoppe: Analyzing the Supply Chain
Authors: Ake Margaret , Kelly Kristine , Fournier Lauren , Kidder Jacob 
Published: May 2015

Early in 2008, Tony Truesdale, President of the Vitamin Shoppe, was preparing for a meeting with the company's investment bankers. In particular, he was wrestling with supply chain issues that were becoming increasingly pronounced in light of the company's aggressive growth plan. Truesdale recognized that it was nearly impossible to effectively manage the company's large and fragmented supply base, resulting in higher than necessary costs and lower than desired performance. The company also relied too heavily on one supplier for a significant amount of the company's volume. Truesdale recognized that it was nearly impossible to effectively manage the company's large and fragmented supply base, resulting in higher than necessary costs and lower than desired performance. The company also relied too heavily on one supplier for a significant amount of the company's volume.Further, in the company's single distribution center, 95 percent of the available storage capacity was utilized throughout most of 2007; well above what was considered optimal. The lack of space was driving excessive product handling and increasing operating expenses. The company's inbound and outbound transportation strategies also contributed to inefficiencies and unnecessary costs. Operating efficiencies could be achieved if all transportation needs were brought together under one strategic umbrella. Truesdale was certain that in order to reach the company's growth targets and maintain its competitive advantage, addressing these supply chain issues was critical. Students are asked to describe the specific issues affecting supply chain performance and recommend approaches to solving the problems
The Macheke Sustainability Project
Authors: Rosenberg Stuart , Gupta Susan Forquer , Madziva Moleen 
Published: May 2015

Case description
Molly Madziva, who was born in Zimbabwe, was sent by her family to the USA to attend college. When she graduated in 2000 there were no jobs for her in Zimbabwe, as the economy was among the weakest in the world. While working as a software engineer at Bell Labs in New Jersey she decided that she wanted to help the people in her village of Macheke, the majority of who were farmers. Her idea would be an ambitious one. Molly called this the Macheke Sustainability Project. Molly met with various stakeholders who had an interest in the project. Following a thorough situation analysis and the formulation of a list of strategic initiatives, the major decision that she was left with was how to most effectively go about handling the implementation of the project. Her options included: a project within the Institute for Global Understanding at Monmouth University where she was enrolled as a graduate student; a non-profit business located in the USA; a non-governmental organization (NGO) located in Zimbabwe; and a private business in Zimbabwe. Each of these options had clear benefits. Molly was torn, however, as to which she should choose.
The IRS eyes professor's movie: a taxation case exercise
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Jayanti , McGee Paul F. , Hall Linda A. 
Published: May 2015

Case description
This case illustrates the tax implications of a movie produced in a foreign country that resulted in a loss. Teaching opportunities include the application of tax rules to a Schedule C business loss and a resulting net operating loss (NOL) deduction, the consideration of hobby and passive activity losses, the tax treatment of funds received in a divorce settlement, and how an individual might handle a possible IRS examination. Students are asked to prepare a revised Form 1040 for the movie business loss and the individual NOL deduction based on evidence provided in the case. Sufficient information is provided in the case to identify audit “red flags” in a tax return. Using the tale of an actual movie production in a foreign country and its consequent tax implications can provide an attractive alternative to teaching tax accounting rules that are often considered by students as “dry”.
Pneumomediastinum: Can we tell prognosis upon presentation?
Authors: Lo Xina , Kwong Wing‐Hang , Leong Heng‐Tat 
Published: May 2015

AimPneumomediastinum is an uncommon condition with differential diagnoses of very different prognosis. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively review patients who presented with pneumomediastinum, and to look for salient features on presentation to establish the difference between benign spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) and oesophageal perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome) on presentation.Patients and MethodsFrom 1 July 1999 to 30 June 2013, 163 cases of pneumomediastinum, excluding those with trauma and procedure‐related episodes, presented through the Accident and Emergency Department to the Hospital Authority hospitals in the New Territories East Cluster. There were 142 SPM cases, and 21 were oesophageal perforations.ResultsPresenting features, hospital stay and outcomes were analysed. Fever at presentation (P = 0.030), history of vomiting (P = 0.028), pneumothorax on initial chest radiograph (CXR) (P = 0.044) and age ≥ 28 years (P = 0.021) were found to be independent predictors for non‐SPM diagnoses.ConclusionSPM is still more common than oesophageal perforation in those without any history of trauma or recent instrumentation, and runs a benign course. However, the presence of fever, a history of vomiting, pneumothorax on initial CXR and patient age over 28 years should mandate further investigations to rule out more sinister diagnoses and to administer appropriate management.
Analysis of expression and chitin‐binding activity of the wing disc cuticle protein BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Deng Hui‐Min , Li Yong , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Liu Lin , Feng Qi‐Li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe insect exoskeleton is mainly composed of chitin filaments linked by cuticle proteins. When insects molt, the cuticle of the exoskeleton is renewed by degrading the old chitin and cuticle proteins and synthesizing new ones. In this study, chitin‐binding activity of the wing disc cuticle protein BmWCP4 in Bombyx mori was studied. Sequence analysis showed that the protein had a conservative hydrophilic “R&R” chitin‐binding domain (CBD). Western blotting showed that BmWCP4 was predominately expressed in the wing disc‐containing epidermis during the late wandering and early pupal stages. The immunohistochemistry result showed that the BmWCP4 was mainly present in the wing disc tissues containing wing bud and trachea blast during day 2 of wandering stage. Recombinant full‐length BmWCP4 protein, “R&R” CBD peptide (CBD), non‐CBD peptide (BmWCP4‐CBD−), four single site‐directed mutated peptides (M1, M2, M3 and M4) and four‐sites‐mutated peptide (MF) were generated and purified, respectively, for in vitro chitin‐binding assay. The results indicated that both the full‐length protein and the “R&R” CBD peptide could bind with chitin, whereas the BmWCP4‐CBD− could not bind with chitin. The single residue mutants M1, M2, M3 and M4 reduced but did not completely abolish the chitin‐binding activity, while four‐sites‐mutated protein MF completely lost the chitin‐binding activity. These data indicate that BmWCP4 protein plays a critical role by binding to the chitin filaments in the wing during larva‐to‐pupa transformation. The conserved aromatic amino acids are critical in the interaction between chitin and the cuticle protein.
Simple non‐laboratory‐ and laboratory‐based risk assessment algorithms and nomogram for detecting undiagnosed diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wong Carlos K.H. , Siu Shing‐Chung , Wan Eric Y.F. , Jiao Fang‐Fang , Yu Esther Y.T. , Fung Colman S.C. , Wong Ka‐Wai , Leung Angela Y.M. , Lam Cindy L.K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to develop a simple nomogram that can be used to predict the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the asymptomatic non‐diabetic subjects based on non‐laboratory‐ and laboratory‐based risk algorithms.MethodsAnthropometric data, plasma fasting glucose, full lipid profile, exercise habits, and family history of DM were collected from Chinese non‐diabetic subjects aged 18–70 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed on a random sample of 2518 subjects to construct non‐laboratory‐ and laboratory‐based risk assessment algorithms for detection of undiagnosed DM; both algorithms were validated on data of the remaining sample (n = 839). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were used to assess the calibration and discrimination of the DM risk algorithms.ResultsOf 3357 subjects recruited, 271 (8.1%) had undiagnosed DM defined by fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or 2‐h post‐load plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L after an oral glucose tolerance test. The non‐laboratory‐based risk algorithm, with scores ranging from 0 to 33, included age, body mass index, family history of DM, regular exercise, and uncontrolled blood pressure; the laboratory‐based risk algorithm, with scores ranging from 0 to 37, added triglyceride level to the risk factors. Both algorithms demonstrated acceptable calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test: P = 0.229 and P = 0.483) and discrimination (AUC 0.709 and 0.711) for detection of undiagnosed DM.ConclusionA simple‐to‐use nomogram for detecting undiagnosed DM has been developed using validated non‐laboratory‐based and laboratory‐based risk algorithms.
Basal‐prandial versus premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification after basal insulin optimization: A 24‐week randomized non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Jin Sang‐Man , Kim Jae Hyeon , Min Kyung Wan , Lee Ji Hyun , Ahn Kue Jeong , Park Jeong Hyun , Jang Hak Chul , Park Seok Won , Lee Kwan Woo , Won Kyu Chang , Kim Young‐Il , Chung Choon Hee , Park Tae Sun , Lee Jee‐Hyun , Lee Moon‐Kyu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present 24‐week multicentre randomized non‐inferiority trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of two insulin intensification strategies in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes despite optimized basal insulin therapy.MethodsPatients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) <130 mg/dL and HbA1c 7.0%–10.0% while on insulin glargine were randomized to a basal‐prandial group (stepwise addition of insulin glulisine) or a premixed insulin group (insulin aspart/insulin aspart protamine 30/70 starting with 6 IU twice daily). The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c after 24 weeks (non‐inferiority margin 0.4%).ResultsAt Week 24, the adjusted mean change from baseline HbA1c was –0.94 ± 0.09% and –1.04 ± 0.09% in basal‐prandial and premixed insulin groups, respectively, with a mean difference of –0.09% (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.35, 0.16). A lower rate of hypoglycemia with a similar reduction in HbA1c was observed during stabilization of the total daily insulin dose in the premixed insulin group (Weeks 0–12). After stabilization of the total daily insulin dose, the rate of hypoglycemia and the total daily insulin dose were similar in the two groups.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of the two intensifying regimens were similar after stabilization of the total daily insulin dose when oral agents were maintained. Starting with a lower total daily insulin dose with a gradual change in the treatment regimen was helpful in reducing the rate of hypoglycemia during initial stabilization of the total daily insulin dose.
A Diagonal‐Steering‐Based Binaural Beamforming Algorithm Incorporating a Diagonal Speech Localizer for Persons With Bilateral Hearing Impairment
Authors: Lee Jun Chang , Nam Kyoung Won , Jang Dong Pyo , Kim In Young 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPreviously suggested diagonal‐steering algorithms for binaural hearing support devices have commonly assumed that the direction of the speech signal is known in advance, which is not always the case in many real circumstances. In this study, a new diagonal‐steering‐based binaural speech localization (BSL) algorithm is proposed, and the performances of the BSL algorithm and the binaural beamforming algorithm, which integrates the BSL and diagonal‐steering algorithms, were evaluated using actual speech‐in‐noise signals in several simulated listening scenarios. Testing sounds were recorded in a KEMAR mannequin setup and two objective indices, improvements in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNRi) and segmental SNR (segSNRi), were utilized for performance evaluation. Experimental results demonstrated that the accuracy of the BSL was in the 90–100% range when input SNR was −10 to +5 dB range. The average differences between the γ‐adjusted and γ‐fixed diagonal‐steering algorithms (for −15 to +5 dB input SNR) in the talking in the restaurant scenario were 0.203–0.937 dB for SNRi and 0.052–0.437 dB for segSNRi, and in the listening while car driving scenario, the differences were 0.387–0.835 dB for SNRi and 0.259–1.175 dB for segSNRi. In addition, the average difference between the BSL‐turned‐on and the BSL‐turned‐off cases for the binaural beamforming algorithm in the listening while car driving scenario was 1.631–4.246 dB for SNRi and 0.574–2.784 dB for segSNRi. In all testing conditions, the γ‐adjusted diagonal‐steering and BSL algorithm improved the values of the indices more than the conventional algorithms. The binaural beamforming algorithm, which integrates the proposed BSL and diagonal‐steering algorithm, is expected to improve the performance of the binaural hearing support devices in noisy situations.
Facial emotion recognition in childhood‐onset bipolar I disorder: an evaluation of developmental differences between youths and adults
Authors: Wegbreit Ezra , Weissman Alexandra B , Cushman Grace K , Puzia Megan E , Kim Kerri L , Leibenluft Ellen , Dickstein Daniel P 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with high healthcare costs and poor outcomes. Increasing numbers of youths are diagnosed with BD, and many adults with BD report that their symptoms started in childhood, suggesting that BD can be a developmental disorder. Studies advancing our understanding of BD have shown alterations in facial emotion recognition both in children and adults with BD compared to healthy comparison (HC) participants, but none have evaluated the development of these deficits. To address this, we examined the effect of age on facial emotion recognition in a sample that included children and adults with confirmed childhood‐onset type‐I BD, with the adults having been diagnosed and followed since childhood by the Course and Outcome in Bipolar Youth study.MethodsUsing the Diagnostic Analysis of Non‐Verbal Accuracy, we compared facial emotion recognition errors among participants with BD (n = 66; ages 7–26 years) and HC participants (n = 87; ages 7–25 years). Complementary analyses investigated errors for child and adult faces.ResultsA significant diagnosis‐by‐age interaction indicated that younger BD participants performed worse than expected relative to HC participants their own age. The deficits occurred both for child and adult faces and were particularly strong for angry child faces, which were most often mistaken as sad. Our results were not influenced by medications, comorbidities/substance use, or mood state/global functioning.ConclusionsYounger individuals with BD are worse than their peers at this important social skill. This deficit may be an important developmentally salient treatment target – that is, for cognitive remediation to improve BD youths’ emotion recognition abilities.