bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of age‐associated alterations of islet function and structure in diabetic mutant cryptochrome 1 transgenic mice
Authors: Okano Satoshi , Hayasaka Kiyoshi , Igarashi Masahiko , Togashi Yoshiyuki , Nakajima Osamu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn earlier reports, we described that transgenic (Tg) mice ubiquitously expressing cryptochrome1 (CRY1) with a mutation in cysteine414 (CRY1‐AP Tg mice) show an early‐onset insulin‐secretory defect of diabetes mellitus resembling human maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY). To clarify the yet undiscovered molecular pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in which the mutant of CRY1 is involved, we examined age‐dependent characteristics of islets of CRY1‐AP Tg mice.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemical analyses of islets were carried out for 2‐, 4‐ and 19‐week‐old mice. Insulin contents in the pancreas and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion of isolated islets of mice were measured at 4 weeks. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses using pancreases of mice at 4 and 21 weeks‐of‐age were carried out.ResultsAlready at a young stage, the proliferation of β‐cells was reduced in CRY1‐AP Tg mice. Insulin contents and the levels of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion were lower than those of wild‐type controls in CRY1‐AP Tg mice at the young stage. The expression of insulin and glucose‐sensing genes was reduced at the young stage. At the mature stage, altered distribution and hyperplasia of α‐cells were observed in the islets of CRY1‐AP Tg mice.ConclusionsArchitectural abnormality in islets progressed with age in CRY1‐AP Tg mice. The reduced expression of insulin and glucose‐sensing genes, along with the lowered proliferation of β‐cells from an early stage, is a possible primary cause of early‐onset insulin‐secretory defect in CRY1‐AP Tg mice. Our results suggest that CRY1 is crucial for the maintenance of β‐cell function.
Defining criteria for the introduction of liraglutide using the glucagon stimulation test in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kondo Yoshinobu , Satoh Shinobu , Nagakura Joe , Kimura Masayo , Nezu Uru , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo define a set of criteria using indices of β‐cell function, including results from the glucagon stimulation test, for liraglutide introduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn the present retrospective cohort study, patients were included in our analysis if their β‐cell function had been evaluated with a glucagon stimulation test and a 24‐h urinary C‐peptide (U‐CPR) excretion test before switching from insulin therapy to liraglutide monotherapy. The efficacy of liraglutide was determined by the extent to which glycemic control was achieved or if glycated hemoglobin levels were maintained at <7.0% after liraglutide monotherapy for 24 weeks.ResultsLiraglutide was effective in 36 of 77 patients. In the liraglutide‐effective cases, the following parameters were higher: fasting C‐peptide (CPR0) levels, C‐peptide levels 6 min after glucagon stimulation (CPR6), the C‐peptide index (CPI; CPR0 × 100/fasting plasma glucose) and stimulated C‐peptide index (S‐CPI; CPR6 × 100/plasma glucose 6 min after glucagon stimulation). U‐CPR did not differ between liraglutide‐effective and liraglutide‐ineffective cases. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis adjusted for baseline characteristics, the independent cut‐off value for effective liraglutide introduction was 0.72 for CPI and 1.92 for S‐CPI.ConclusionsEvaluation of β‐cell function using the glucagon stimulation test is useful for determining the efficacy of liraglutide introduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Isotretinoin 5 mg daily for low‐grade adult acne vulgaris – a placebo‐controlled, randomized double‐blind study
Authors: Rademaker M. , Wishart J.M. , Birchall N.M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDespite acne persisting into adulthood in up to 50% of the population, very few therapeutic studies have been performed in this age group.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of 5 mg/day isotretinoin in adult acne.MethodsAn investigator initiated, industry‐sponsored, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group clinical study of isotretinoin 5 mg/day in the treatment of low‐grade adult acne for 16 weeks followed by an open‐label phase of 16 weeks. Group 1 received 32 weeks of 5 mg isotretinoin/day; Group 2 first received 16 weeks of placebo, followed by 16 weeks open‐label 5 mg isotretinoin/day. Patients were followed for a further 10 weeks off treatment. The primary end‐point was the difference in acne lesion count and disability score after 16 weeks isotretinoin compared to placebo. Secondary end‐points included differences in these counts/scores after 32 weeks of isotretinoin compared to baseline, and after 10 weeks off treatment, compared to end of treatment (week 32).ResultsThere were highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) in acne lesion count, Dermatology Life Quality Index and self‐assessment after 16 weeks of isotretinoin, compared to placebo (both per protocol and intention to treat). Acne lesions fell significantly, within 4 weeks of 5 mg isotretinoin/day (Group 1) and continued to fall during 32 weeks of treatment [acne lesion count (mean ± SD): 11.3 ± 8.1 (baseline), 3.6 ± 5.5 (week 16), 1.3 ± 3.1 (week 32), P < 0.0001)]. There was a similar significant reduction in acne lesion count in Group 2, but only from week 20, 4 weeks after starting open‐label 5 mg isotretinoin. Adverse effects were minimal.ConclusionsIsotretinoin 5 mg/day is effective in reducing the number of acne lesions, and improving patients dermatologic quality of life, with minimal adverse effects.
Development of a monoclonal antibody‐based flow‐through immunoassay (FTA) for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
Authors: Patil R , Shankar K M , Kumar B T N , Kulkarni A , Patil P , Moger N 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA flow‐through immunoassay (FTA), an improved version of immunodot, was developed using a nitrocellulose membrane baked onto adsorbent pads enclosed in a plastic cassette to detect white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp. Sharp purple dots developed with WSSV against the white background of the nitrocellulose membrane. The detection limits of WSSV by the FTA and immunodot were 0.312 and 1.2 μg mL−1 crude WSSV protein, respectively. The FTA could be completed in 8–10 min compared with 90 min for immunodot. The FTA was 100 times more sensitive than 1‐step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in between that of the 1‐ and 2‐step PCR protocol recommended by the Office of International Epizootics (OIE). In experimental, orally infected shrimp post‐larvae, WSSV was first detected 14, 16 and 18 h post‐infection (hpi) by FTA, immunodot and one‐step PCR, respectively. The FTA detected WSSV 2 and 4 h earlier than immunodot and one‐step PCR, respectively. The FTA was more sensitive (25/27) than one‐step PCR (23/27) and immunodot (23/27) for the detection of WSSV from white spot disease outbreak ponds. The reagent components of the FTA were stable giving expected results for 6 m at 4–8 °C. The FTA is available as a rapid test kit called ‘RapiDot’ for the early detection of WSSV under field conditions.
Neuroimaging Features in Congenital Trichomegaly: The Oliver‐McFarlane Syndrome
Authors: Pedroso José Luiz , Rivero René Leandro M. , de Miranda Victor Alexandre D. , Avelino Marcela Amaral , Dutra Lívia Almeida , Ribeiro Rodrigo Souza , Nunes Karlo Faria , Manzano Gilberto Mastrocola , Barsottini Orlando G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA 23‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with 9 months history of progressive ataxia, visual loss since childhood due to retinitis pigmentosa and primary amenorrhea. On examination, there were also sparse scalp hair, very long and curled upwards eyelashes and short stature. Oliver‐McFarlane syndrome was suspected. Brain MRI disclosed cerebellar atrophy and hyperintense signal in corticospinal tracts on FLAIR and T2‐weighted images. Therefore, brain imaging must be thoroughly investigated in patients with suspected Oliver‐McFarlane syndrome, in order to determinate whether cerebellar atrophy and hyperintense signal in corticospinal tracts are part of this neurological condition.
Multiparametric evaluation of the cytoprotective effect of the Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract and mangiferin in HepG2 cells
Authors: Tolosa Laia , Rodeiro Idania , Donato M Teresa , Herrera José A , Delgado René , Castell José V , Gómez-Lechón M José 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objective
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark extract (MSBE) is a natural product with biological properties and mangiferin is the major component. This paper reported the evaluation of the protective effects of MSBE and mangiferin against the toxicity induced in HepG2 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or amiodarone.

Method
Nuclear morphology, cell viability, intracellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured by using a high-content screening multiparametric assay.

Key findings
MSBE and mangiferin produced no toxicity below 500 mg/ml doses. A marked recovery in cell viability, which was reduced by the toxicants, was observed in cells pre-exposed to MSBE or mangiferin at 5–100 mg/ml doses. We also explored the possible interaction of both products over P-glycoprotein (P-gp). MSBE and mangiferin above 100 mg/ml inhibited the activity of P-gp in HepG2 cells.

Conclusions
MSBE and mangiferin showed cytoprotective effects of against oxidative damage and mitochondrial toxicity induced by xenobiotics to human hepatic cells but it seemed that other constituents of the extract could contribute to MSBE protective properties. In addition, the drug efflux should be taken into account because of the inhibition of the P-gp function observed in those cells exposed to both natural products.
Dust coma of comet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) by imaging polarimetry
Authors: Hadamcik E. , Sen A. K. , Levasseur‐Regourd A. C. , Roy Choudhury S. , Lasue J. , Gupta R. , Botet R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractComet C/2009 P1 (Garradd) was observed by imaging polarimetry for nearly 5 months from October 2011 to March 2012, over an intermediate phase angle range (28°–35°). Two months before perihelion and one month after, dust particles seem to be ejected all around the optocenter and jets extend to distances greater than 40,000 km. An increase of activity is noticed in intensity and polarization after perihelion. Two months before perihelion and one month after, the dust emission seems to be all around the optocenter. Two and three months after perihelion the jets are mainly toward the solar direction with an extension of more than 20,000 km projected on the sky. The values of the aperture polarization are comparable to those of other comets. On the polarization maps in October 2011 and January 2012 the higher polarization zones extend in large regions perpendicularly to the solar direction where jets are also observed. In February and March 2012, the polarization in the jets is larger in the solar direction than in the surrounding coma. By its activity visible on intensity images and polarization maps at large distances from the nucleus, comet Garradd probably belongs to the high‐Pmax class of comets.
Nucleolar proteins regulate stage‐specific gene expression and ribosomal RNA maturation in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Schumann Burkard Gabriela , Käser Sandro , de Araújo Patrícia Rosa , Schimanski Bernd , Naguleswaran Arunasalam , Knüsel Sebastian , Heller Manfred , Roditi Isabel 
Published: April 2013

SummaryDifferent life‐cycle stages of Trypanosoma brucei are characterized by stage‐specific glycoprotein coats. GPEET procyclin, the major surface protein of early procyclic (insect midgut) forms, is transcribed in the nucleolus by RNA polymerase I as part of a polycistronic precursor that is processed to monocistronic mRNAs. In culture, when differentiation to late procyclic forms is triggered by removal of glycerol, the precursor is still transcribed, but accumulation of GPEET mRNA is prevented by a glycerol‐responsive element in the 3′ UTR. A genome‐wide RNAi screen for persistent expression of GPEET in glycerol‐free medium identified a novel protein, NRG1 (Nucleolar Regulator of GPEET 1), as a negative regulator. NRG1 associates with GPEET mRNA and with several nucleolar proteins. These include two PUF proteins, TbPUF7 and TbPUF10, and BOP1, a protein required for rRNA processing in other organisms. RNAi against each of these components prolonged or even increased GPEET expression in the absence of glycerol as well as causing a significant reduction in 5.8S rRNA and its immediate precursor. These results indicate that components of a complex used for rRNA maturation can have an additional role in regulating mRNAs that originate in the nucleolus.
Expression pattern of synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) isoforms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Crèvecœur J. , Kaminski R. M. , Rogister B. , Foerch P. , Vandenplas C. , Neveux M. , Mazzuferi M. , Kroonen J. , Poulet C. , Martin D. , Sadzot B. , Rikir E. , Klitgaard H. , Moonen G. , Deprez M. 
Published: April 2013

AimsSynaptic vesicle proteins 2 (SV2) are neuronal vesicles membrane glycoproteins that appear as important targets in the treatment of partial and generalized epilepsies. Therefore, we analysed the expression of SV2 isoforms in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsSV2A, SV2B and SV2C immunostaining and QuantiGene branched DNA assay were performed on biopsies from 31 consecutive TLE patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and compared with 10 autopsy controls. SV2 expression was further compared with Timm's staining, and synaptophysin, Zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3), dynorphin, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) expression.ResultsIn TLE patients, SV2A and SV2B expression was decreased in areas of synaptic loss. SV2C, which is weakly expressed or absent in the hippocampus of controls, was overexpressed in 10/11 cases with classical MTS1A and mossy fibre sprouting but not in cases with other types of MTS. SV2C staining was located in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and colocalized with dynorphin, ZnT3 and VGLUT1, suggesting selective expression in presynaptic glutamatergic Zn2+‐rich terminals of abnormal sprouting fibres. SV2 expression patterns correlated with histological subtypes of MTS, but not with clinical features or therapeutic regimens in this patient cohort.ConclusionIn classical MTS1A, the expression of SV2 isoforms is altered with a marked decrease of SV2A and SV2B paralleling synaptic loss and a selective increase of SV2C in sprouting mossy fibres. These findings suggest a different physiology of sprouting synapses and the possibility to target them with SV2C‐specific strategies.
A New Method for Automatic Large Scale Map Updating Using Mobile Mapping Imagery
Authors: Ou Jianliang , Qiao Gang , Bao Feng , Wang Weian , Di Kaichang , Li Rongxing 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLand‐based mobile mapping system (MMS) technology provides an innovative way to update geospatial information, characterised by rapid data collection and direct georeferencing. This paper presents a new method for automatically updating large scale maps using sequential MMS imagery. A major component of the technique is the extraction of vertical lines from such imagery through an improved Hough transform and vanishing point classification. These lines are stereomatched using an epipolar constraint and random sample consensus (RANSAC) strategy, with object space positions obtained by photogrammetric intersection. Buildings are recognised based on these vertical lines in conjunction with basic polygon templates, allowing maps to be updated.
Laboratory variables for assessing iron deficiency in REDS‐II Iron Status Evaluation (RISE) blood donors
Authors: Kiss Joseph E. , Steele Whitney R. , Wright David J. , Mast Alan E. , Carey Patricia M. , Murphy Edward L. , Gottschall Jerry L. , Simon Toby L. , Cable Ritchard G. ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: April 2013

BackgroundIron deficiency is common in regular blood donors. We evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of red blood cell (RBC) hematology analyzer indices to assess iron status as a part of donor management.Study Design and MethodsA total of 1659 male and female donors from the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) Donor Iron Status Evaluation (RISE) study who were either first‐time/reactivated (FT/RA; no donations for 2 years) or frequent donors were recruited into a longitudinal study of regular donation of RBCs. Of these, 1002 donors returned 15 to 24 months later for a final assessment. Absent iron stores (AIS) was defined as plasma ferritin level of less than 12 μg/L. Logarithm of the ratio of soluble transferrin receptor to ferritin of at least 2.07 (≥97.5% in FT/RA males) was used to define iron‐deficient erythropoiesis (IDE). Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to assess selected RBC indices (e.g., percentage of hypochromic mature RBCs, proportion of hypochromic mature RBCs [HYPOm], and hemoglobin [Hb] content of reticulocytes [CHr]) in identifying AIS and IDE.ResultsHYPOm and CHr detected IDE with comparable sensitivity, 72% versus 69%, but differed in specificity: HYPOm 68% and CHr 53%. For detecting AIS, sensitivity was improved to 85% for HYPOm and 81% for CHr but specificity was reduced for both. Venous Hb had high specificity but poor sensitivity for IDE and AIS. A plasma ferritin level of less than 26.7 μg/L was a good surrogate for assessing IDE.ConclusionRBC indices correlate with AIS and IDE and are more informative than Hb measurement, but lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be used as diagnostic tools in blood donors at risk for iron deficiency.
Comparison of various solutions to dissolve critical care diet clots
Authors: Parker Valerie J. , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundEnteral feeding tubes are frequently placed in animals to provide assisted nutritional support; however, one major reported complication is clogging of the tubes. The goal of this study was to determine which solution is most effective at dissolving in vitro clots made using a veterinary canned critical care diet.MethodsVarious solutions were tested for their ability to dissolve enteral feed clots, including water, meat tenderizers in water, predetermined amounts of pancreatic enzymes (with and without sodium bicarbonate) in water, carbonated beverages, and cranberry juice.ResultsThe solution that resulted in the greatest dissolution was ¼ teaspoon pancreatic enzymes and 325 mg sodium bicarbonate in 5 mL water, which was significantly better than all other solutions (water: P = 0.03; ¼ teaspoon pancreatic enzymes in water: P = 0.002; all others: P < 0.001). Water was significantly better than all carbonated beverages and cranberry juice (P < 0.001). The least successful solution was ½ teaspoon pancreatic enzymes and sodium bicarbonate in water.Clinical RelevanceDespite anecdotal reports of using carbonated beverages, cranberry juice, and ½ teaspoon pancreatic enzymes to unclog feeding tubes, all were significantly less effective than water. In vivo studies to evaluate the effectiveness of methods to unclog feeding tubes are warranted to further investigate these findings.
Image‐guided method for TLD‐based in vivo rectal dose verification with endorectal balloon in proton therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Hsi Wen C. , Fagundes Marcio , Zeidan Omar , Hug Eugen , Schreuder Niek 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:To present a practical image‐guided method to position an endorectal balloon that improvesin vivo thermoluminiscent dosimeter (TLD) measurements of rectal doses in proton therapy for prostate cancer.Methods:TLDs were combined with endorectal balloons to measure dose at the anterior rectal wall during daily proton treatment delivery. Radiopaque metallic markers were employed as surrogates for balloon position reproducibility in rotation and translation. The markers were utilized to guide the balloon orientation during daily treatment employing orthogonal x‐ray image‐guided patient positioning. TLDs were placed at the 12 o'clock position on the anterior balloon surface at the midprostatic plane. Markers were placed at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on the balloon to align it with respect to the planned orientation. The balloon rotation along its stem axis, referred to as roll, causes TLD displacement along the anterior‐posterior direction. The magnitude of TLD displacement is revealed by the separation distance between markers at opposite sides of the balloon on sagittal x‐ray images.Results:A total of 81in vivo TLD measurements were performed on six patients. Eighty‐three percent of all measurements (65 TLD readings) were within +5% and −10% of the planning dose with a mean of −2.1% and a standard deviation of 3.5%. Examination of marker positions with in‐room x‐ray images of measured doses between −10% and −20% of the planned dose revealed a strong correlation between balloon roll and TLD displacement posteriorly from the planned position. The magnitude of the roll was confirmed by separations of 10–20 mm between the markers which could be corrected by manually adjusting the balloon position and verified by a repeat x‐ray image prior to proton delivery. This approach could properly correct the balloon roll, resulting in TLD positioning within 2 mm along the anterior‐posterior direction.Conclusions:Our results show that image‐guided TLD‐basedin vivo dosimetry for rectal dose verification can be perfomed reliably and reproducibly for proton therapy in prostate cancer.
Estimation of optimal margin for intrafraction movements during frameless brain radiosurgery
Authors: Kang Ki Mun , Chai Gyu Young , Jeong Bae Kwon , Ha In‐Bong , Lee Sangbong , Park Kyung Bum , Jung Jin‐Myung , Lim Young Kyung , Yoo Seung Hoon , Jeong Hojin 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:To examine the dosimetric effect of intrafraction movements occurred during image‐guided frameless brain radiosurgery and to derive the optimal margin recipe to compensate the movement.Methods:The patients’ movements during image‐guided radiosurgeries were measured using skull‐tracking method incorporated in the CyberKnife system. The dosimetric changes with the movements were computed using the six different dynamic‐arc treatment plans based on the dose‐grid analysis method. The authors extensively searched the proper relationship between the dose variations and the intrafraction geometric errors. The optimal margin for intrafraction movement was estimated via statistical analysis of the dosimetric changes with 262 actual patients’ data.Results:The overall geometric effect of intrafraction movements was approximated as 1.0, where are the average and standard deviation of the movements, respectively. The authors computed the required margins to compensate the movements with various confidence levels and with various estimated times for completing the treatments. The computed optimal margins were calculated as 2.1, 3.2, and 4.2 mm at 90% confidence level when the authors assumed the estimated treatment times of 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively.Conclusions:The authors provide a quantitative relationship for dosimetric change with the intrafraction movement and derived appropriate margin recipes to ensure the prescribed dose delivery to targeted area for frameless brain radiosurgery.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Geobacillus
sp. Strain GHH01, a Thermophilic Lipase-Secreting Bacterium
Authors: Wiegand Sandra , Rabausch Ulrich , Chow Jennifer , Daniel Rolf , Streit Wolfgang R. , Liesegang Heiko 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Geobacillus
sp. strain GHH01 was isolated during a screening for producers of extracellular thermostable lipases. The completely sequenced and annotated 3.6-Mb genome encodes 3,478 proteins. The strain is genetically equipped to utilize a broad range of different substrates and might develop natural competence.