bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental trajectories of child and adolescent emotional problems: associations with early adult alcohol use behaviors
Authors: Chen Tong , Oginni Olakunle A. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Eley Thalia C. , Maggs Jennifer L. , Linden‐Carmichael Ashley N. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundWhether emotional problems during childhood and adolescence are longitudinally associated with adult alcohol use behaviors is unclear. This study examined associations between developmental trajectories of emotional problems and early adult alcohol use behaviors, while considering co‐occurring conduct problems, developmental change/timing, sex differences, and potential confounds.MethodsParticipants were from the Twins Early Development Study (analytic N = 19,908 individuals). Emotional and conduct problems were measured by parent reports at child ages 4, 7, and 9 years and via self‐reports at ages 9, 11, and 16 years on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Alcohol use behaviors (alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related problems) were self‐reported by the twins on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at age 22 years. Piecewise latent growth curve models described nonlinear developmental trajectories of emotional and conduct problems from ages 4 to 16. At age 22, alcohol use was regressed on emotional and conduct problems' intercepts and slopes from piecewise latent growth curve model and sex differences in regression coefficients were tested. Using twin modeling, Cholesky decompositions and direct path models were compared to test whether significant phenotypic associations were best explained by direct phenotypic influences or correlated genetic and environmental influences.ResultsEmotional problems had different associations with alcohol‐related problems versus alcohol consumption. After accounting for direct influences from conduct problems, emotional problems were not associated with alcohol‐related problems, while emotional problems at age 9 were negatively associated with alcohol consumption in males.ConclusionsOverall, findings did not support emotional problems as prospective risk factors for severe alcohol use above and beyond risks associated with conduct problems. Sex‐ and age‐specific links between emotional problems and alcohol consumption in early adulthood may be worthy of further exploration, particularly as twin analyses improved our confidence that such links may be underpinned by causal mechanisms.
Actinic keratosis: Current challenges and unanswered questions
Authors: Malvehy Josep , Stratigos Alexander J. , Bagot Martine , Stockfleth Eggert , Ezzedine Khaled , Delarue Alain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractActinic keratoses (AK) are common skin lesions associated with chronic exposure to sun. They are believed to be precursors of malignancy as they potentially may progress to invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The goal of current therapies is to reduce the number of AK and to prevent future cancer development. This review aims at providing an overview of the hallmarks of AK and skin field cancerization. We discuss epidemiology trends, risk factors and the state of the art and evidence of the current treatments. We review key figures of AK prevalence from different countries with regard to skin cancer risk and the associated economic burden of AK. We discuss the mutational status in AK lesions and the difficulties encountered by clinicians in evaluating AK visible and invisible lesions, referring to the concept of field cancerization. Based on a systematic literature review, we further evaluate the available treatment options. The presence of subclinical skin alterations in the periphery of visible AK lesions has gained a particular attention as those non‐visible lesions are known to contain the same genetic changes as those found in the AK lesions themselves, prompting the concept of ‘field cancerization’. Therefore, AK treatment guidelines now recognize the importance of treating the field in patients with AK. A recent systematic literature review and network meta‐analysis showed that 5‐FU interventions were associated with the best efficacy and a satisfactory acceptability profile compared with other field‐directed therapies used in the treatment of AK. Although AK are considered quite common, they lack an accurate descriptive definition and conclusive epidemiologic data. Limited public awareness is a barrier to early and effective treatment, including prevention strategies. While different treatment options are available, there is still a limited understanding of long‐term outcomes of treatment as measured by recurrence of cancer prevention.
Photoprotection: Current developments and controversies
Authors: Pellacani Giovanni , Lim Henry W. , Stockfleth Eggert , Sibaud Vincent , Brugués Ariadna Ortiz , Saint Aroman Markéta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review aimed at summarizing some of the key points that were discussed during the photoprotection session at the International Forum of Dermatology in 2022. This international conference was designed to address prominent topics of clinical dermatology in a holistic way, allowing to articulate multiple viewpoints. Therefore, this review does not claim to be exhaustive, but is instead intended to give an overview of recent developments and ongoing controversies in the field of photoprotection. Cumulative ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the major aetiological factor in the development of photoageing, photoimunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis. UVA (320–400 nm) penetrates into the dermis and damages DNA and other intracellular and acellular targets primarily by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is the major contributor to photoageing, characterized by fine and coarse wrinkles, dyspigmentation and loss of elasticity. UVB (290–320 nm) is responsible for sunburns through direct damage to DNA by the formation of 6–4 cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine 6–4 pyrimidone photoproducts. Both UVA and UVB exposure increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. In recent years, visible light (VL; 400–700 nm) has also been implicated in the exacerbation of conditions aggravated by sun exposure such as hyperpigmentation and melasma. Photoprotection is a critical health strategy to reduce the deleterious effects of UVR and VL. Comprehensive photoprotection strategies include staying in the shade when outdoors, wearing photoprotective clothing including a wide‐brimmed hat, and sunglasses, and the use of sunscreen. Due to the absorption of UV filters, the safety of sunscreens has been questioned. Newer sunscreens are becoming available with filters with absorption even beyond the UV spectrum, offering enhanced protection compared with older products. Prevention of photocarcinogenesis, sun‐induced or sunlight‐exacerbated hyperpigmentary conditions and drug‐induced photosensitivity is an important reason for adopting comprehensive photoprotection strategies.
Effectiveness of guselkumab in patients with facial and/or genital psoriasis: Interim analysis results at Week 12 from the GULLIVER study
Authors: Bonifati C. , Lembo S. , Richetta A. G. , Romanelli M. , Satolli F. , Corazza M. , Atzori L. , Lasagni C. , Potenza C. , Savoia P. , Bardazzi F. , Di Lernia V. G. , Bianchi L. , Fabbrocini G. , Giofrè C. , Zichichi L. , Guarneri C. , Pallotta S. , Fargnoli M. C. , Loconsole F. , Offidani A. , Burlando M. , Piaserico S. , Peris K. , Papini M. , Carrera C. G. , Costanzo A. , Prignano F. , Bongiorno M. R. , Dapavo P. , Stingeni L. , Donini M. , Micali G. , Rongioletti F. , Stinco G. , Gramiccia T. , Cantini G. , Argenziano G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFacial (FP) and genital psoriasis (GP) significantly affect patients' quality of life. Despite the advances in treatments, limited data on efficacy and safety are available on these difficult‐to‐treat areas. Guselkumab is an interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitor which has been proven effective in treating patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.ObjectivesThe aim of this interim analysis was to report the efficacy and safety of guselkumab in the treatment of patients with FP and/or GP.Materials and MethodsGULLIVER is a 52‐week Italian observational study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in a real‐life setting in patients with FP and/or GP. Adult patients with facial and/or genital moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis (sPGA score ≥ 3) were included. The primary endpoint of this analysis was the percentage of patients achieving a facial or genital sPGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear), at Week 12. The change in the score of the facial or genital sPGA components in patients with a score ≥3 for each sPGA component was assessed. PASI score in patients with a baseline PASI above or below 10 was evaluated.ResultsOverall, 351 patients were included in the study; 83.3% of FP and 76.5% of GP patients achieved the primary endpoint. Similar response rates were observed for the facial or genital sPGA components in patients with a baseline facial or genital sPGA score ≥3 in each component. Among patients with a baseline PASI score >10, mean PASI score improved from 19.0 (SD 8.3) to 2.2 (SD 4.8). Forty‐four AEs were observed in 32 patients; two mild and transient AEs (fatigue and nausea) were considered treatment related. No SAEs were observed.ConclusionsGuselkumab, showing to be effective and safe in treating FP and GP, may be a valid therapeutic option for patients with psoriasis localized in these difficult‐to‐treat areas.
Successful implementation of handheld reflectance confocal microscopy as the standard of care in the (surgical) management of lentigo maligna (melanoma)
Authors: Elshot Y. S. , Lasso Peña D. J. P. , Zupan‐Kajcovski B. , Bekkenk M. W. , Balm A. J. M. , Klop W. M. C. , de Rie M. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has shown promise in predicting surgical outcomes by non‐invasively detecting subclinical lentigo maligna (melanoma) (LM/LMM).ObjectivesTo assess the effects of presurgical mapping using handheld RCM (HH‐RCM) on surgical treatment, follow‐up outcomes and management decisions.MethodsA total of 117 consecutive LM/LMM cases (2015–2023) were included. The diagnostic accuracy of HH‐RCM in detecting subclinical LM and invasive components was evaluated. The primary endpoints included histological margin status and changes in management based on the outcomes of the HH‐RCM mapping procedure. Margin and follow‐up outcomes were compared to a historical cohort before HH‐RCM was introduced in our center (n = 94) (2003–2014).ResultsHH‐RCM detected subclinical LM in 60% (n = 60) of cases. The median mapping duration was 14 min (range 4–50). In 27% (n = 33), the mapping procedure resulted in modified management, the majority consisting of limited surgery with adjuvant imiquimod (n = 15) or imiquimod monotherapy (n = 14). The remaining cases (n = 84) underwent HH‐RCM‐assisted surgery. Histological margins were cleared in 96.5% of the patients with a median histological margin of 3.0 mm, significantly higher than 81% in the historical cohort (median 2.0 mm) (p = 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting the extent of subclinical LM were 94% (95% CI 80.4–99.3) and 84% (95% CI 70.3–92.7), respectively. The negative predictive value for the detection of LMM was 94% (95% CI 84.4–97.7), and 75% of the initially missed LMM (n = 12) were identified during the HH‐RCM mapping procedure. The study cohort had a 1.6% local recurrence rate compared with 25% in the historical cohort.ConclusionsIntegrating HH‐RCM as the standard of care could lead to more personalized treatment strategies for LM/LMM and allows for the selection of patients suitable for nonsurgical treatment.
Effect of Er:YAG laser on debonding zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns bonded with 2‐ and 1‐bottle adhesive resin cements
Authors: Suliman Sama , Sulaiman Taiseer , Deeb Janina Golob , Abdulmajeed Awab , Abdulmajeed Aous , Närhi Timo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionErbium‐doped yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser debonding of zirconia and lithium disilicate restorations is increasingly used for a range of clinical applications. Using rotary instruments to remove such restorations for any purpose has proven to be challenging. Erbium laser has been reported to be a conservative method for removing ceramic restorations. There is little data in the literature about the effect of adhesive resin cement type on the debonding time of the ceramic restoration using the Er:YAG laser.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the time required for the Er:YAG laser to debond zirconia and lithium disilicate crowns bonded with a 2‐ and 1‐bottle adhesive resin cement systems.Materials and MethodsForty extracted premolar teeth were prepared and scanned for milled 40 CAD/CAM crowns. Teeth were randomly assigned into groups (n = 10 per group): 3 mol% yttria‐partially stabilized zirconia crowns 3Y‐PSZ (G1a) bonded with Panavia™ V5 (2‐bottle adhesive resin cement), Zirconia 3Y‐PSZ crowns (G1b) bonded with RelyX™ Ultimate (1‐bottle adhesive resin cement), and for the lithium disilicate crowns bonded with the two types of cements (G2a, G2b). Each specimen was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser at 335 mJ, 15 Hz, 5.0 W, and 50‐ms pulse duration (super short pulse mode). The irradiation time required for crowns to be successfully debonded was recorded for each specimen. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey HSD post‐hoc test (p < 0.05), at the 95 percent level of confidence. The intaglio surface of the debonded crown was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation times needed for crown debonding were 5.75 ± 2.00 min for the G1a group, 4.79 ± 1.20 min for group G1b, 1.69 ± 0.49 min for group G2a, and 1.12 ± 0.17 for group G2b. There was no statistically significant difference in debonding time between the 2‐ and 1‐ bottle adhesive resin cement within the groups G1a and b (p = 0.2914), or between groups G2a b (p = 0.7116). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between groups G1a and G2a and b and between groups G1b and G2a and b were SEM analysis showed no changes in the microstructure of the ceramic surface after Er:YAG laser irradiation.ConclusionZirconia and lithium disilicate restorations can be debonded using Er:YAG lasers in a safe and efficient manner. There is no significant difference in the debonding time between the 2‐ and 1‐ bottle adhesive resin cement systems used in this study.Clinical SignificanceRetrieving zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics can be a challenging process when using diamond rotary instruments. ER:YAG lasers may efficiently debond these ceramics from the tooth structure, independent of the bonding process used for bonding them.
Assessing brain neuroplasticity: Surface morphometric analysis of cortical changes induced by Quadrato motor training
Authors: Spani F. , Carducci F. , Piervincenzi C. , Ben‐Soussan T. D. , Mallio C. A. , Quattrocchi C. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMorphological markers for brain plasticity are still lacking and their findings are challenged by the extreme variability of cortical brain surface. Trying to overcome the “correspondence problem,” we applied a landmark‐free method (the generalized procrustes surface analysis (GPSA)) for investigating the shape variation of cortical surface in a group of 40 healthy volunteers (i.e., the practice group) subjected to daily motor training known as Quadrato motor training (QMT). QMT is a sensorimotor walking meditation that aims at balancing body, cognition, and emotion. More specifically, QMT requires coordination and attention and consists of moving in one of three possible directions on corners of a 50 × 50 cm2. Brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of practice group (acquired at baseline, as well as after 6 and 12 weeks of QMT), were 3D reconstructed and here compared with brain MRIs of six more volunteers never practicing the QMT (naïve group). Cortical regions mostly affected by morphological variations were visualized on a 3D average color‐scaled brain surface indicating from higher (red) to lower (blue) levels of variation. Cortical regions interested in most of the shape variations were as follows: (1) the supplementary motor cortex; (2) the inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercolaris) and the anterior insula; (3) the visual cortex; (4) the inferior parietal lobule (supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus). Our results show that surface morphometric analysis (i.e., GPSA) can be applied to assess brain neuroplasticity processes, such as those stimulated by QMT.
Transcendent thinking counteracts longitudinal effects of mid‐adolescent exposure to community violence in the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Fei , Hilliard Katrina , Gotlieb Rebecca , Immordino‐Yang Mary Helen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdolescence involves extensive brain maturation, characterized by social sensitivity and emotional lability, that co‐occurs with increased independence. Mid‐adolescence is also a hallmark developmental stage when youths become motivated to reflect on the broader personal, ethical, and systems‐level implications of happenings, a process we term transcendent thinking. Here, we examine the confluence of these developmental processes to ask, from a transdisciplinary perspective, how might community violence exposure (CVE) impact brain development during mid‐adolescence, and how might youths' dispositions for transcendent thinking be protective? Fifty‐five low‐SES urban youth with no history of delinquency (32 female; 27 Latinx, 28 East Asian) reported their CVE and underwent structural MRI first at age 14–18, and again 2 years later. At the study's start, participants also discussed their feelings about 40 minidocumentaries featuring other teens' compelling situations in a 2‐h private interview that was transcribed and coded for transcendent thinking. Controlling for CVE and brain structure at the start: (1) New CVE during the 2‐year inter‐scan interval was associated with greater gray matter volume (GMV) reduction over that interval in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central network hub whose reduced volume has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, and across multiple additional cortical and subcortical regions; (2) participants' transcendent thinking in the interview independently predicted greater GMV increase during the 2‐year inter‐scan interval in the ACC. Findings highlight the continued vulnerability of mid‐adolescents to community violence and the importance of supporting teens' dispositions to reflect on the complex personal and systems‐level implications and affordances of their civic landscape.
Insomnia symptom severity and dynamics of arousal‐related symptoms across the day
Authors: Balter Leonie J. T. , van Someren Eus J. W. , Axelsson John 
Published: June 2024

SummaryArousal is a central component of many emotional symptoms and can contribute to insomnia. Here we assessed how the timing and fluctuating nature of arousal‐related symptoms over the course of the day relate to insomnia symptom severity. In this study, 361 participants (M age = 31.9 years, 282 women, 77 men, 2 non‐binary individuals) completed the Insomnia Severity Index to assess severity of insomnia symptoms, followed by repeated ratings of anxiety or nervousness, stress, sleepiness, and feeling down via their mobile phone between ~08:00 hours and 00:00 hours across 1 day. Measures of dynamics included: mean levels across the day; variation (standard deviation); instability (mean squared successive differences); and resistance to change/inertia (first‐order autocorrelation). Time‐of‐day patterns were modelled using generalized additive mixed effects models. Insomnia symptom severity (mean Insomnia Severity Index = 9.1, SD = 5.2, range 0–25) was associated with higher mean levels of all arousal‐related symptoms, and increased instability and variation throughout the day in anxiety or nervousness, stress, and feeling down. Resistance to change (inertia) was not associated with insomnia symptom severity. Generalized additive mixed effects analyses showed that while individuals with more severe insomnia symptoms had elevated symptoms across the entire day, they were especially more anxious or nervous and sleepy in the early morning (~08:00 hours), anxious or nervous, stressed and sleepy in the late afternoon/early evening (~16:00 hours–21:00 hours), and anxious or nervous and stressed in the late evening (~22:00 hours). Remarkably, higher arousal occurred in the presence of high subjective sleepiness. Together these results indicate that insomnia symptom severity is associated with problems with daytime and evening arousal regulation.
Swimming ability of the Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): implications for its spatial distribution
Authors: Bordehore C. , Manchado‐Pérez S. , Fonfría E. S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough usually considered part of the plankton, cubozoans are strong swimmers. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the active swimming ability of the box jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis on the spatial distribution of a well‐studied population in the NW Mediterranean where adults and juveniles do not overlap geographically. To accomplish this, we analyzed the swimming speed, effective velocity, effective displacement index (EDI), and proficiency of 27 individuals with diagonal bell widths (DBWs) ranging from 1.1 to 36 mm. The laboratory analysis utilized conventional video recordings and the video analysis tool Tracker. Mean swimming speed for small juveniles, medium juveniles and adults was 9.7 ± 0.8, 21.9 ± 2.3 and 43.1 ± 1.8 mm s−1 (mean ± se), respectively. Effective velocity was also proportional to size, ranging from 5.0 ± 0.7 to 38.8 ± 3.1 mm s−1 (mean ± se). The calculated EDI for each group was 0.51 ± 0.05, 0.84 ± 0.06 and 0.90 ± 0.05 (mean ± se), respectively. Proficiency showed an inverse trend, from 6.4 ± 0.6 s−1 for the small juveniles to 1.36 ± 0.05 for adults (mean ± se). Comparing the swimming speed results with the local currents obtained from drifting buoys analyzed in the area, adults would be able to swim strongly enough to overcome almost 70% of the currents, whereas the small juveniles would not reach 17%. This would allow larger individuals to select their habitat, while smaller individuals are left dependent on advection. Although experiments adding currents in aquaria would be necessary to confirm these theoretical results, the data obtained would be useful in improving the performance of bio‐mathematical models used to predict jellyfish blooms since, even though the sting of C. marsupialis is non‐fatal, it may produce systemic effects in sensitive swimmers.