bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of networked electronic theses in Japan
Authors: Shuto Makoto , Manaka Takayuki , Nakayama Satoshi , Uchijima Hideki 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate/explore the possibilities of nationwide networked electronic theses in Japan.

Design/methodology/approach
– The main points of the revised degree regulations, the activities of related organizations corresponding to the revised degree regulations, and the future direction of networked electronic theses which can be realized due to the network of institutional repositories are described and explained.

Findings
– In Japan, following the revision of the degree regulations, nationwide electronic thesis networks will be formed, which are rarely observed in other countries, and an infrastructure will be constructed, by which institutional repositories in Japan can be harvested by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. A well-established community of institutional repositories has enabled this achievement to take place.

Originality/value
– Very few national laws and regulations oblige a person who has been conferred a doctorate to publicize the thesis through the internet. There are only a few countries where the standard for metadata was established and metadata harvesting using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting is being performed, providing one-stop services through portal sites. Therefore, this case study on the possibilities of nationwide networked electronic theses attributable to policies and the innovations of the repository network in Japan can provide useful information not only for persons in charge of digitizing dissertations but also for those concerned about open access generally.
Decrease in free computer science papers found through Google Scholar
Authors: A. Pedersen Lee , Arendt Julie 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– Informally computer scientists reported they could access free copies of research papers they needed via tools such as Google Scholar. To ascertain whether this perception came from widespread free access or from unnoticed employer-paid access, the purpose of this paper was to locate computer science papers and determine what proportion was freely available using Google Scholar.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 1,967 conference papers and periodical papers from 2003 to 2010, indexed in the ACM Guide to Computing Literature, was searched for manually in Google Scholar, using the paper or article title and the first author's surname and supplementary searches as needed.

Findings
– Free full-text versions were found for 52 per cent of the conference papers and 55 per cent of the periodical papers. Documents with older publication dates were more likely to be freely accessible than newer documents, with free versions found for 71 per cent of items published in 2003 and 43 per cent of items published in 2010.

Research limitations/implications
– Results were limited to the retrieval of known computer science publications via Google Scholar. Future research could examine whether the decline found in this study is specific to Google Scholar or reflects a decrease in the free sharing of research by computer scientists.

Originality/value
– Previous research for computer science found lower levels of free access than this research determined, but the decline found in this study runs contrary to increases that have been found. This research confirms many computer science papers are available for free but also that subscription holdings are necessary for complete coverage of papers in the field.
The Institutional Roots of Incremental Ideational Change: The IMF and Capital Controls after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Moschella Manuela 
Published: June 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Contributes to the literature on ideational change by bringing to the surface an incremental ideational dynamic after major crises that differs from the well-known punctuated dynamic; Explains the incremental dynamic of ideational change after a major crisis based on the flexibility of the institutional environment in which actors operate. Specifically, rather than preventing change until an explosion of radical change occurs, institutional frictions may also allow for successive adjustments over time; Illustrates the theoretical arguments by examining the changes that have taken place in the IMF's thinking on capital controls since the start of the 2008 crisis; Traces one of the most debated developments in the post-crisis international political economy, namely the rehabilitation of capital controls. Although much scholarly attention has been devoted to examining the punctuated dynamics of ideational change, other dynamics exist. Ideational change may well occur incrementally in ordinary times or, as this study shows, can also materialise after a major shock, such as a financial and economic crisis. By examining the IMF's new approach to capital controls in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the article demonstrates that the non-punctuated nature of ideational change can be explained in light of the enabling (and not solely constraining) features of the institutional context in which actors operate. Rather than preventing change until an explosion of radical change occurs, institutional frictions may also allow for successive adjustments over time. They may in fact allow for a gradual release of pressure, thereby preventing the impending explosion.
Autonomy, special offers and routines: a Q methodological study of industry‐driven marketing influences on young people's drinking behaviour
Authors: Scott Stephanie , Baker Rachel , Shucksmith Janet , Kaner Eileen 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo identify shared patterns of views in young people relating to the influence of industry‐driven alcohol marketing (price, promotion, product and place of purchase/consumption) on their reported drinking behaviour.DesignQ methodology harnessed qualitative and quantitative data to generate distinct clusters of opinions as follows: 39 opinion statements were derived from earlier in‐depth qualitative interviews with 31 young people; by‐person factor analysis was carried out on 28 participants' (six previous interviewees and 22 new recruits) rank orderings of these statements (most‐to‐least agreement); interpretation of the factor arrays was aided by 10–15‐minute debriefing interviews held immediately following each Q‐sort.SettingNortheast EnglandParticipantsYoung people aged 14–17 years purposively recruited from high schools, higher education colleges, youth centres and youth offending teams.FindingsCentroid factor extraction and varimax rotation of factors generated three distinct accounts: factor one (‘autonomous, sophisticated consumers’) illustrated a self‐defined sense of individuality and autonomy in alcohol choices; factor two (‘price‐driven consumers’) appeared price‐led, choosing to drink what was most accessible or cheapest; and factor three (‘context‐focused consumers’) described drinking practices where products were chosen to serve specific functions such as being easy to carry while dancing.ConclusionsConsidering young people's views on alcohol marketing, different perspectives can be identified. These include perceived imperviousness to maketing, responsiveness to price and affordability and responsiveness to marketing focusing on youth lifestyles.
A Potential Pathogenic Factor from Mycoplasma hominis is a TLR2‐Dependent, Macrophage‐Activating, P50‐Related Adhesin
Authors: Hasebe Akira , Mu Hong‐Hua , Cole Barry C. 
Published: June 2014

ProblemMycoplasma hominis has been implicated in many inflammatory conditions of the human urogenital tract in particular amniotic infections that lead to fetal and neonatal disease and pre‐term labor. The mechanisms responsible are poorly defined.Method of StudyBiochemical and immunological methods were used to extract, purify, and characterize an inflammatory component present in M. hominis.ResultsWe isolated and purified to homogeneity a 40‐kDa bioactive lipoprotein from M. hominis that was a potent TLR2‐dependent, CD14‐independent activator of the human THP‐1 macrophage cell line. Homology searches of the N‐terminal sequence revealed that 22 of the first 23 residues were identical to those seen for the phase‐variable M. hominis p50 adhesin. The truncated P50t lipoprotein importantly retained its adhesive properties for human macrophages.ConclusionThe unique adhesin/macrophage activator may play a key role in M. hominis infections by triggering an inflammatory cytokine cascade.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (‘pestivirus’) in Australia: to control or not to control?
Authors: Lanyon SR , Reichel MP 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundAcute infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) usually causes only mild clinical disease in cattle, but infection of animals of breeding age can result in immune suppression (resulting in an increased incidence and severity of secondary disease) and decreased reproductive performance. If infection occurs during pregnancy, the virus may cross the placenta and either cause abortion, establish immunotolerance and persistent infection (PI) in the fetus or cause congenital deformities. These outcomes depend on the stage of pregnancy at the time of infection.International perspectiveBVDV is recognised as a disease of significant financial impact in a number of countries. As a result, national and regional BVDV control programs are now in place in several regions around the world. In Europe, these programs largely rely on the identification and removal of the PI animals, whereas vaccination has tended to be the chosen method of control in the United States.BVD in AustraliaBVDV is endemic in Australian cattle populations, with more than 80% of herds surveyed showing some level of exposure to the pathogen. The cost to the national industry is estimated to be AUD57.9 million annually. This review identifies and discusses the challenges to BVDV control in Australia, including farmer attitudes, herd size, sheep as a potential reservoir host and diagnostic capabilities. We conclude that systematic BVDV control in Australia is, or soon will be, an option; however, detailed cost–benefit analyses will need to be undertaken.
Transfer of scientific knowledge to practitioners: Do we need a reform of the journal policy?
Authors: Chytrý Milan , Chiarucci Alessandro , Pillar Valério D. , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMilberg (2014, Applied Vegetation Science, this issue) argues that scientific journals do not adequately respond to the practical needs of vegetation management. To bridge the gap between scientists and practitioners, he proposes a reform of applied vegetation research and of the journal Applied Vegetation Science. As the Chief Editors, we agree that it is vital to make the results of our studies accessible to decision‐makers and managers, but this cannot be at the expense of scientific research, or its publication. International scientific journals are source of theoretical foundations for applications, therefore they cannot be transformed to primarily solve practical issues while giving up their focus on understanding processes.
Banaji, Shakuntala & Buckingham, David (2013) The civic webMIT Press (Cambridge MA & London) isbn 978‐0‐262‐01964‐4 185 pp £20.95 https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/civic‐web
Authors: Deeson Eric 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWith the sub‐title “Young people, the internet, and civic participation”, The civic web recognises that youngsters are now well along the path to fully and seamlessly integrated offline and online lives. How can we ensure these young people become and remain fully engaged in their wider society and worlds now and throughout their lifetimes? It applies to teachers insofar as “digital media are part of the taken‐for‐granted social and cultural fabric of learning, play, and social communication”. There is some relevance to formal learning technology here, but the recommendation is that you borrow a copy for thought‐provoking “spare‐time” reading.Eric Deeson
Progress and prospects for engineered T cell therapies
Authors: Qasim Waseem , Thrasher Adrian J. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryProof‐of‐concept studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of engineered T cells. Transfer of recombinant antigen‐specific T cell receptors (TCR) and chimaeric antigen receptors (CARs) against tumour and viral antigens are under investigation by multiple approaches, including viral‐ and nonviral‐mediated gene transfer into both autologous and allogeneic T cell populations. There have been notable successes recently using viral vector‐mediated transfer of CARs specific for B cell antigens, but also reports of anticipated and unanticipated complications in these and other studies. We review progress in this promising area of cellular therapy, and consider developments in antigen receptor therapies including the application of emerging gene‐editing technologies.
Staying Engaged: Knowledge and Research Needs in Student Engagement
Authors: Wang Ming‐Te , Degol Jessica 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article, we review knowledge about student engagement and look ahead to the future of study in this area. We begin by describing how researchers in the field define and study student engagement. In particular, we describe the levels, contexts, and dimensions that constitute the measurement of engagement, summarize the contexts that shape engagement and the outcomes that result from it, and articulate person‐centered approaches for analyzing engagement. We conclude by addressing limitations to the research and providing recommendations for study. Specifically, we point to the importance of incorporating more work on how learning‐related emotions, personality characteristics, prior learning experiences, shared values across contexts, and engagement in nonacademic activities influence individual differences in student engagement. We also stress the need to improve our understanding of the nuances involved in developing engagement over time by incorporating more extensive longitudinal analyses, intervention trials, research on affective neuroscience, and interactions among levels and dimensions of engagement.
Informal Kinship‐Based Fostering Around the World: Anthropological Findings
Authors: Leinaweaver Jessaca 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAnthropological research around the world has documented informal, kinship‐based foster care cross‐culturally. In this article, I review some of the anthropological findings about the positive and negative characteristics of such arrangements. Research suggests that children are more likely to benefit from informal kinship‐based fostering in cultural contexts where fostering expands the pool of relatives rather than substituting one parent for another, fostering is expected to provide children with positive opportunities for learning and development, or children are granted some autonomy or decision‐making power. However, informal kinship‐based fostering seems to place children at risk in cultural contexts where the process of children's attachment to caregivers resembles the Western model of child development, communities are highly stratified along socioeconomic lines, or exploiting children is permitted. I conclude the article by discussing implications for policy and research.
Laboratory adaptation reduces female mating resistance in the sweet potato weevil
Authors: Kuriwada Takashi , Kumano Norikuni , Shiromoto Keiko , Haraguchi Dai 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSelection for genetic adaptation might occur whenever an animal colony is maintained in the laboratory. The laboratory adaptation of behavior such as foraging, dispersal ability, and mating competitiveness often causes difficulties in the maintenance of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms used in procedures such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). Sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Summers) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is an important pest in sub‐tropical and tropical regions. An eradication program targeting C. formicarius using SIT was initiated in Japan with weevils being mass‐reared for 95 generations to obtain sufficient sterile males. The mass‐reared strain of C. formicarius exhibits weaker female resistance to male mating attempts compared with the wild strain. This could affect the success of SIT programs because mating persistence of mass‐reared males might be expected to decrease in response to weak female resistance. We show that high success of sperm transfer to mass‐reared females was due to weak female resistance to male mating attempts. However, the mating behavior of mass‐reared males did not change. In C. formicarius, the trait of male persistence to mate was not correlated with the female resistance traits. Our results suggest that mass‐rearing conditions do not have negative effects on the mating ability of the sterile males of this species, and thus that the current mass‐rearing procedures are suitable for production of sterile males for the weevil eradication program.
Clinical features, genetics, and outcome of pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Korea: report of a nationwide survey from Korea Histiocytosis Working Party
Authors: Koh Kyung‐Nam , Im Ho Joon , Chung Nak‐Gyun , Cho Bin , Kang Hyoung Jin , Shin Hee Young , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Yoo Keon Hee , Koo Hong Hoe , Kim Hee‐Jin , Baek Hee Jo , Kook Hoon , Yoon Hoi Soo , Lim Young Tak , Kim Heung Sik , Ryu Kyung Ha , Seo Jong Jin ,   the Korea Histiocytosis Working Party
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe analyzed a nationwide registry of pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Korea to assess the clinical and genetic features and treatment outcomes in pediatric HLH.MethodsThe Korea Histiocytosis Working Party retrospectively analyzed data on 251 pediatric patients diagnosed with HLH between 1996 and 2011.ResultsIn the study cohort, 25 cases were categorized with familial HLH, 64 with presumed secondary HLH, and 162 with unspecified HLH. Of 217 evaluable patients, 91 (42%) had concomitant Epstein–Barr virus infection. Of 238 evaluable patients, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, which was more frequent in the familial group, was evident in 81 cases (34%). Genetic tests revealed a predominant UNC13D mutation with a high incidence of two recurrent splicing mutations (c.118‐308C>T and c.754‐1G>C). The 5‐yr overall survival rate was 68% (38% in the familial group and 81% in the presumed secondary group). The 5‐yr overall survival rate among 32 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 64%. In multivariate analysis, a younger age at diagnosis, severe transaminasemia, and a coagulation abnormality were independent prognostic factors for survival. Responses during initial treatments were also significant indicators of outcome.ConclusionOur study showed the unique predominance of a UNC13D mutation and vulnerability to Epstein–Barr virus infection in Korean children with HLH and emphasizes the prognostic significance of age, liver dysfunction, and treatment responses in this disease. A multicenter prospective trial that builds on the present results is warranted to identify subgroups of patients with a poor prognosis and identify optimal treatments.
A study on relationships between large‐scale climate indices and estimates of North Pacific albacore tuna productivity
Authors: Zhang Zane , Holmes John , Teo Steven L. H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA logistic production model was used to examine potential relationships between three climate indices, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Multivariate El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), and productivity estimates of the North Pacific albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) population. Catch and standardized catch‐per‐unit‐effort data from three longline fisheries (Japan, US, and Taiwan) were used in the model. The climate indices were incorporated into the model by correlating time‐varying intrinsic population growth rate (ry) of the production model with the annual mean value for each index. The estimated probability that the NPGO is positively correlated with stock productivity, as measured by ry, was 0.99, and the calculated probability that MEI is negatively correlated with the productivity was 0.95. The time lag for these correlations is 4 yr, which is consistent with the timing of recruitment to the Japan longline fishery. The PDO did not seem to have any detectable relationship with stock productivity. However, it remains uncertain if there is a conclusive linkage between the albacore productivity and the NPGO or the MEI index, because model fit to the data is about the same as that of a base model which does not use any climate index and assumes a time‐invariant r.
Beyond a warming fingerprint: individualistic biogeographic responses to heterogeneous climate change in California
Authors: Rapacciuolo Giovanni , Maher Sean P. , Schneider Adam C. , Hammond Talisin T. , Jabis Meredith D. , Walsh Rachel E. , Iknayan Kelly J. , Walden Genevieve K. , Oldfather Meagan F. , Ackerly David D. , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnderstanding recent biogeographic responses to climate change is fundamental for improving our predictions of likely future responses and guiding conservation planning at both local and global scales. Studies of observed biogeographic responses to 20th century climate change have principally examined effects related to ubiquitous increases in temperature – collectively termed a warming fingerprint. Although the importance of changes in other aspects of climate – particularly precipitation and water availability – is widely acknowledged from a theoretical standpoint and supported by paleontological evidence, we lack a practical understanding of how these changes interact with temperature to drive biogeographic responses. Further complicating matters, differences in life history and ecological attributes may lead species to respond differently to the same changes in climate. Here, we examine whether recent biogeographic patterns across California are consistent with a warming fingerprint. We describe how various components of climate have changed regionally in California during the 20th century and review empirical evidence of biogeographic responses to these changes, particularly elevational range shifts. Many responses to climate change do not appear to be consistent with a warming fingerprint, with downslope shifts in elevation being as common as upslope shifts across a number of taxa and many demographic and community responses being inconsistent with upslope shifts. We identify a number of potential direct and indirect mechanisms for these responses, including the influence of aspects of climate change other than temperature (e.g., the shifting seasonal balance of energy and water availability), differences in each taxon's sensitivity to climate change, trophic interactions, and land‐use change. Finally, we highlight the need to move beyond a warming fingerprint in studies of biogeographic responses by considering a more multifaceted view of climate, emphasizing local‐scale effects, and includinga prioriknowledge of relevant natural history for the taxa and regions under study.