bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuprizone does not induce CNS demyelination in nonhuman primates
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Chen Jacqueline T. , Johnson Matthew , Gossman Zachary C. , Hendrickson Megan , Sakaie Ken , Martinez‐Rubio Clarissa , Gale John T. , Trapp Bruce D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCognitive decline is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis patients, with profound effects on the quality of life. A nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis would be best suited to test the effects of demyelination on complex cognitive functions such as learning and reasoning. Cuprizone has been shown to reliably induce brain demyelination in mice. To establish a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis, young adult cynomolgus monkeys were administered cuprizone per os as a dietary supplement. The subjects received increasing cuprizone doses (0.3–3% of diet) for up to 18 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistological analyses did not reveal demyelination in these monkeys.
CSF beta‐amyloid 1–42 – what are we measuring in Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Hu William T. , Watts Kelly D. , Shaw Leslie M. , Howell Jennifer C. , Trojanowski John Q. , Basra Sundeep , Glass Jonathan D. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize biological and technical factors which influence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels, including the presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, AD diagnosis, Aβ‐binding proteins, sample processing, and preanalytical handling.MethodsCSF was collected from 140 subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, AD, and non‐AD dementia. CSF levels of beta‐amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), total Tau (t‐Tau), and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p‐Tau181) were analyzed following the standard and modified protocols. CSF levels of apoJ, apoE, albumin, and α‐synuclein were measured in a subgroup (n = 69), and their effects on measured AD biomarker levels were also determined in vitro using human CSF samples.ResultsCSF Aβ42 levels measured using the AD Neuro‐imaging Initiative (ADNI) protocol (which we call suspended Aβ42 or susAβ) were lower than total measurable CSF Aβ42 in all groups, and on average represents 57% of the latter. Logistic regression analysis showed this proportion (% susAβ) to be directly correlated with CSF Aβ42 and apoJ levels, but inversely correlated with CSF t‐Tau levels. Finally, we showed in vitro that increasing apoE and apoJ levels directly increased % susAβ.ConclusionCSF susAβ levels are influenced by biological and technical factors, and may represent a marker of Aβ susceptible to lipoprotein‐mediated clearance. Clinical trials should include total measurable Aβ42 and susAβ to better inform outcomes.
Light‐Controlled [3]Pseudorotaxane Based on Tetrasulfonated 1,5‐Dinaphtho‐32‐Crown‐8 and α‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Zhang Xu‐Jie , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe developed the synthesis of a multicomponent molecular machine by employing the inclusion complex of an azobenzene‐containing pyridinium salt (G1) with α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) and tetrasulfonated 1,5‐dinaphtho‐32‐crown‐8 (DNC) in water. The interconversion of the heterowheel trans‐G1⋅DNC⋅α‐CD [3]pseudorotaxane into cis‐G1⋅DNC [2]pseudorotaxane was modulated by the photoinduced isomerization of the azobenzene moiety accompanied by the release of α‐CD from the molecular axle. In control experiments, the azobenzene center of the bis(pyridinium)‐modified azobenzene (G2) could not be isomerized in the presence of DNC and α‐CD. Only polymeric aggregates were obtained with the G2⋅DNC⋅α‐CD system, which indicates that the inclusion complex with α‐CD and the electrostatic attraction with DNC are crucial to govern the reversible photoswitchable process. This work may provide a method to induce conformational changes of supramolecular assemblies that have multiple macrocyclic receptors.
Preparation, surface properties, and antibacterial activity of a poly(dimethyl siloxane) network containing a quaternary ammonium salt side chain
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Liu Hailong , Chen Xi , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTo obtain a copolymer network with low surface energy and antibacterial properties, a series of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(dimethyl siloxane)s (PDMSs) modified by a quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) side chain was synthesized via hydrolytic polycondensation and quaternization. The structures of the intermediate and final products were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. The results show that each step was successfully carried out, and objective products were obtained. The modified PDMSs were crosslinked with a commercial polyisocyanate to obtain cured QAS‐modified PDMS coatings. The target functional coatings exhibited excellent antibacterial performance with a low surface energy. When the molar content of QAS in PDMS was varied from 10 to 30%, the critical surface energy of the coatings remained in the range 24.05–26.88 mN/m; this indicated that the coatings had minimal adhesion with fouling according to the Baier curve. The bactericidal tests showed that the antibacterial activity was independent of the PDMS molecular weight but was closely correlated with the QAS content in PDMS. The bactericidal rate of the coatings to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was higher than 97% when the molar content of QAS in PDMS was above 20%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41725.
Mechanical properties and stem cell adhesion of injection‐molded poly(ether ether ketone) and hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
Authors: Rego Bruna Turino , Neto Wilson Alves Ribeiro , de Paula Ana Claudia Chagas , Góes Alfredo Miranda , Bretas Rosario Elida Suman 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA nanocomposite of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with 10 wt % hydroxyapatite (HA) was produced by extrusion and injection molding. Afterward, the samples were thermally treated. Thermal and short‐ and long‐term mechanical characterizations of the samples were made. The adhesion of human adipose stem cells (h‐ASCs) on the samples was also monitored. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus values of the nanocomposite were found to be much higher than those of trabecular bone. The impact strength of PEEK was not modified by HA; this suggested that there was no formation of large agglomerates of nanoparticles that could concentrate the stresses. With regard to fatigue life, both the thermally and nonthermally treated nanocomposites did not fail after 106 cycles when maximum stresses of 30 and 50% of the UTS were applied, but they failed when the maximum applied stress was 75% of the UTS and behaved as cortical bone. After 5 days of culturing, the h‐ASCs had a higher proliferation in the nanocomposite than in pure PEEK because of the presence of HA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41748.
Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzinc to Aromatic Aldimines Mediated by Camphor‐Derived Chiral β‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Huang Wei‐Ming , Uang Biing‐Jiun 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe enantioselective addition of diethylzinc or dimethylzinc to N‐(diphenylphosphinoyl)imines mediated by 1 or 2 could be achieved in high yields (70–97 %) and enantioselectivities (85–98 % ee). The catalytic loading of 1 or 2 a could be reduced to 10 mol % for methylation or ethylation of imines in high yields and enantioselectivities (79–96 %) when the reaction was conducted in the presence of 1.8 equiv of methanol. N‐Monosubstituted amino alcohols induced higher enantioselectivity than their N,N‐disubstituted congener in our catalytic system.
Waiting When Both Certainty and Magnitude Are Increasing: Certainty Overshadows Magnitude
Authors: Webb Tara L. , Young Michael E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn everyday decision making, people often face decisions with outcomes that differ on multiple dimensions. The trade‐off in preferences between magnitude, temporal proximity, and probability of an outcome is a fundamental concern in the decision‐making literature. Yet, their joint effects on behavior in an experience‐based decision‐making task are understudied. Two experiments examined the relative influences of the magnitude and probability of an outcome when both were increasing over a 10‐second delay. A first‐person shooter video game was adapted for this purpose. Experiment 1 showed that participants waited longer to ensure a higher probability of the outcome than to ensure a greater magnitude when experienced separately and together. Experiment 2 provided a precise method of comparing their relative control on waiting by having each increase at different rates. Both experiments revealed a stronger influence of increasing probability than increasing magnitude. The results were more consistent with hyperbolic discounting of probability than with cumulative prospect theory's decision weight function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety and diagnostic accuracy of tumor biopsies in children with cancer
Authors: Interiano Rodrigo B. , Loh Amos H.P. , Hinkle Nathan , Wahid Fazal N. , Malkan Alpin D. , Bahrami Armita , Jenkins Jesse J. , Mao Shenghua , Wu Jianrong , Proctor Kimberly , Santana Victor M. , Pappo Alberto S. , Gold Robert E. , Davidoff Andrew M. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDTumor biopsies are central to the diagnosis and management of cancer and are critical to efforts in personalized medicine and targeted therapeutics. In the current study, the authors sought to evaluate the safety and accuracy of biopsies in children with cancer.METHODSAll biopsies performed in children at the study institution with a suspected or established diagnosis of cancer from 2003 through 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics and disease‐related and procedure‐related factors were correlated with procedure‐related complications and diagnostic accuracy using logistic regression analysis.RESULTSA total of 1073 biopsies were performed in 808 patients. Of 1025 biopsies with adequate follow‐up, 79 (7.7%) were associated with an adverse event, 35 (3.4%) of which were minor (grade 1‐2) and 32 (3.1%) of which were major (grade 3‐4) (grading was performed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). The most common major adverse events were blood transfusion (>10 mL/kg; 24 cases) and infection requiring intravenous antibiotics (6 cases). Eleven deaths (1.4%) occurred within 30 days after the procedure, but the procedure may have contributed to the outcome in only 2 cases. A total of 926 biopsies (90.3%) provided definitive histologic diagnoses. Using multivariable analysis, biopsy site, preprocedure hematocrit level, and body mass index were found to be associated with the risk of postprocedural complications (P<.0001, P<.0001, and P =.0029, respectively). Excisional biopsy and biopsy site were found to be independently associated with obtaining a diagnostic result (P =.0002 and P =.0008, respectively).CONCLUSIONSTumor biopsies in children with cancer are associated with a low incidence of complications and a high rate of diagnostic accuracy. The predictive factors identified for adverse outcomes may aid in risk assessment and preprocedural counseling. Cancer 2015;121:1098–1107. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Effects of Mood Induction on the Pain Responses in Patients with Migraine and the Role of Pain Catastrophizing
Authors: Goli Zahra , Asghari Ali , Moradi Alireza 
Published: December 2014

Migraine has close associations with depression and anxiety. Catastrophizing, an alarmist reaction to pain, has been proposed as one of the mediators in the relationship between headache and emotional distress. However, much experimental evidence is needed to make such a view more validated. The aims of this study are to examine the effects of mood induction on the pain responses and to investigate the role of pain catastrophizing in the relationship between pain and mood amongst a sample of patients with migraine. For this purpose, 60 patients with migraine were recruited from a headache clinic in Tehran‐Iran and were randomly assigned into one of three groups: negative mood induced group, positive mood induced group and control group. The following instruments and measures were used in this study: mood induction by presenting different types of films (positive, negative), a computerized cognitive task to elicit pain, Beck Depression Inventory and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. The results showed that while the induction of depressed mood increased the pain intensity, the induction of positive mood reduced it significantly (p < 0.05). Further analyses revealed that catastrophizing is as a confounding factor in the relationship between pain and mood. Once catastrophizing scores were entered into the analyses as a covariate, the significant effect of mood on the pain intensity reduced. In conclusion, both mood and catastrophizing are important factors in understanding the migraine pain. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Pain‐related catastrophizing and mood induction are important factors in understanding pain intensity amongst patients with migraine pain.
Catastrophizing as a confounding factor in the relationship between pain and mood may partially mediate the relationship between mood and pain.
Therapeutic interventions should focus on the reduction of depression and catastrophizing.
1,2‐Dithiooxalato‐Bridged Heterobimetallic Complexes as Single‐Source Precursors for Ternary Metal Sulfide Semiconductors
Authors: Nowotny Mathias , Foro Sabine , Heinschke Silvio , Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe new 1,2‐dithiooxalato‐bridged bimetallic Cu–Ga, Cu–In, and Cu–Sn complexes [{(Ph3P)2Cu(μ‐S2C2O2)}3Ga] (1), [{(Ph3P)2Cu(μ‐S2C2O2)}3In] (2), [(Ph3P)2Cu(μ‐S2C2O2)In(S2CNEt2)2] (3), and [{(Ph3P)2Cu(μ‐S2C2O2)}2Sn(S2C2O2)] (4) were prepared and spectroscopically fully characterized. The crystal structures of 2–4 are presented. Complexes 3 and 4 are potential molecular single‐source precursors (SSP) for the ternary semiconductors CuInS2 and Cu2SnS3, respectively, which can be manipulated under ambient conditions. Indeed, a study of the thermal degradation of 3 and 4 revealed that 3 affords pure nanoscaled CuInS2 (mean diameter ca. 2 nm) when the decomposition is carried out in an oleylamine solution by using a hot‐injection or arrested‐precipitation technique at temperatures well below 250 °C. In contrast, 4 decomposes under the same reaction conditions in an ambiguous manner and forms mixed binary chalcogenide phases. This can be explained by a subtle influence of the relative stability of possible SnII and SnIV intermediates in the case of SSP [{(Ph3P)2Cu(μ‐S2C2O2)}2Sn(S2C2O2)] (4).
Interpretation biases in chronic pain patients: an incidental learning task
Authors: Khatibi A. , Sharpe L. , Jafari H. , Gholami S. , Dehghani M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic pain on interpretation bias for ambiguous faces, using a recently developed paradigm with ecologically valid stimuli.MethodsFifty patients with chronic pain and 25 healthy controls were trained to respond to probes following the presentation of happy or painful faces, using an incidental learning task. During a test phase, ambiguous faces were presented. The degree to which participants were faster to respond to probes presented where painful (rather than happy) faces had previously been presented was taken as an indication of the interpretation bias towards painful faces.ResultsAll participants had learnt the originally presented contingency. As predicted, chronic pain patients showed a greater bias towards interpreting ambiguous faces as painful than control participants. Further, there were correlations between fear of pain and catastrophizing and interpretation bias, indicating that participants with higher fear of pain and higher scores on a measure of catastrophizing were more likely to interpret ambiguous faces as painful. Severity of pain was inversely associated with increased interpretation bias for pain.ConclusionThese results show clear evidence that chronic pain patients do demonstrate an interpretation bias towards painful faces and that this bias is greater for those who catastrophize more and have higher levels of fear of pain, but experienced less pain in the preceding week. Given the recent potential shown for interventions that modify cognitive biases, this paradigm would seem to be well suited to future efforts to modify interpretation biases in pain.
Comparative Distribution and Validity of DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 Diagnoses of Eating Disorders in Adolescents from the Community
Authors: Flament Martine F. , Buchholz Annick , Henderson Katherine , Obeid Nicole , Maras Danijela , Schubert Nick , Paterniti Sabrina , Goldfield Gary 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesDSM‐5 changes for eating disorders (EDs) aimed to reduce preponderance of non‐specified cases and increase validity of specific diagnoses. The objectives were to estimate the combined effect of changes on prevalence of EDs in adolescents and examine validity of diagnostic groupings.MethodA total of 3043 adolescents (1254 boys and 1789 girls, Mage = 14.19 years, SD = 1.61) completed self‐report questionnaires including the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale.ResultsPrevalence of full‐threshold EDs increased from 1.8% (DSM‐IV) to 3.7% (DSM‐5), with a higher prevalence of bulimia nervosa (1.6%) and the addition of the diagnosis of purging disorder (1.4%); prevalence of binge eating disorder was unchanged (0.5%), and non‐specified cases decreased from 5.1% (DSM‐IV) to 3.4% (DSM‐5). Validation analyses demonstrated that DSM‐5 ED subgroups better captured variance in psychopathology than DSM‐IV subgroups.DiscussionFindings extend results from previous prevalence and validation studies into the adolescent age range. Improved diagnostic categories should facilitate identification of EDs and indicate targeted treatments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The burning behaviors of pool fire flames under low pressure
Authors: Liu Jiahao , He Yaping , Zhou Zhihui , Yao Wei , Yuen Richard , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2014

SummaryTo investigate the influence of low pressure on pool fire behaviors, liquid n‐heptane pool fires with the diameters of 6, 8, and 10 cm were tested in a low‐pressure altitude chamber. The tests were conducted under different static chamber pressures, ranging from 40 to 60 to 80 to 101 kPa. Fuel mass loss and high‐speed flame video were recorded during the whole burning process of each test. The mass burning intensity is determined by the convective and radiative heat feedback to the fuel, and analysis shows that the convective part is the major contributor to fuel evaporation. Video recordings show that flame height increases with the reduction of pressure, as supported by the dimensionless analysis. The flame puffing amplitude increases under low pressure, resulting in a portion of the flame being quenched. A special phenomenon was observed from the flame videos in that flame rotation emerged at the ending burning stage, which was attributed to the Coriolis force effect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive subdivision piecewise linear interface calculation (ASPLIC) for 2D multi‐material hydrodynamic simulation codes
Authors: Fochesato C. , Loubère R. , Motte R. , Ovadia J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this work, we propose an adaptive subdivision piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) for 2D multimaterial hydrodynamic simulation codes. Classical volume‐of‐fluid PLIC technique uses one line segment and one given normal to separate two materials. Unfortunately, these paradigms are not sufficient when filaments occur, leading to the creation of flotsam and jetsam. We propose to detect such situations and to split the computational mixed cell into reconstruction subzones. Within these subzones, one computes a so‐called subgradient using an incomplete stencil of neighbors, and the material is distributed in these subzones. Given subzone volume fraction and the subgradient, one computes one line segment using classical PLIC method, leading to a modified PLIC method for subscale material entity. The subdivision procedure relies on a splitting point, which is chosen as a specific information about the relative location of the filament in the cell, leading to an adaptive subdivision for PLIC reconstructions. Numerical tests are carried out in a 2D Lagrange + Remap multimaterial hydrodynamics Eulerian code. Static and dynamic filaments and fragments are simulated in advection or stretched in vortex‐like motion. The full hydrodynamics equations are solved on a more realistic test (shock‐bubble impact). Results show that our approach supplements classical PLIC method for situations when filaments and fragments occur. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete response of huge buccal malignant melanoma in an octogenarian patient to arterial chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Chih‐Feng , Wu Chieh‐Shan , Yu Wei‐Wen , Huang Ming‐Yii 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrimary oral mucosal melanoma is uncommon. However, it is an aggressive entity, and the absence of a standardized treatment protocol makes for an extremely poor prognosis.MethodsWe described the clinical course and treatment by arterial chemotherapy of an 87‐year‐old patient with nonresectable huge buccal malignant melanoma. Continuous intra‐arterial infusion of fluorouracil (50 mg/24 hours) and 1 intermittent weekly 10‐mg shot of cisplatin were given.ResultsThe patient with oral melanoma presented with a roughly 6‐ × 4‐cm exophytic mass that was noticed on the right buccal mucosa. The buccal tumor regressed dramatically until complete disappearance of the tumor mass was achieved at 2.5 months after intra‐arterial chemotherapy was initiated. In total, 2880 mg of fluorouracil and 80 mg of cisplatin were administrated. The side effects of intra‐arterial chemotherapy were mild and tolerable.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that intra‐arterial chemotherapy could be an alternative treatment for nonresectable buccal malignant melanoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E134–E138, 2015
Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy and conventional dressing methods for fibula free flap donor site management in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Bach Christine A. , Guilleré Lia , Yildiz Sinasi , Wagner Isabelle , Darmon Serge , Chabolle Frédéric 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy in fibula free flap donor site management in head and neck cancer.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study from 2007 to 2013 comparing fibula free flap donor site healing time after conventional bolster dressing or negative pressure wound therapy.ResultsThirteen patients were treated by conventional dressing and 16 patients were treated by negative pressure wound therapy. The mean graft loss rate was higher in the bolster group (37%) than in the negative pressure wound therapy group (19%). The mean total healing time was significantly shorter in the negative pressure wound therapy group than in the bolster group (67 days vs 163 days; p = .02).ConclusionThe use of negative pressure wound therapy for fibula free flap donor site management facilitates early patient mobilization, ensures better graft acceptance, and significantly decreases the healing time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 696–699, 2016