bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic staging of oesophageal cancer using decision theory involving selective endoscopic ultrasonography, PET and laparoscopy
Authors: Findlay J M , Bradley K M , Maile E J , Braden B , Maw J , Phillips-Hughes J , Gillies R S , Maynard N D , Middleton M R 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Background
Following CT, guidelines for staging oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) cancer recommend endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), PET–CT and laparoscopy for T3–T4 GOJ tumours. These recommendations are based on generic utilities, but it is unclear whether the test risk outweighs the potential benefit for some patients. This study sought to quantify investigation risks, benefits and utilities, in order to develop pragmatic, personalized staging recommendations.

Methods
All patients with a histological diagnosis of oesophageal or GOJ cancer staged between May 2006 and July 2013 comprised a development set; those staged from July 2013 to July 2014 formed the prospective validation set. Probability thresholds of altering management were calculated and predictive factors identified. Algorithms and models (decision tree analysis, logistic regression, artificial neural networks) were validated internally and independently.

Results
Some 953 patients were staged following CT, by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET–CT (918), EUS (798) and laparoscopy (458). Of these patients, 829 comprised the development set (800 PET–CT, 698 EUS, 397 laparoscopy) and 124 the validation set (118 PET–CT, 100 EUS, 61 laparoscopy). EUS utility in the 71·8 per cent of patients with T2–T4a disease on CT was minimal (0·4 per cent), its risk exceeding benefit. EUS was moderately accurate for pT1 N0 disease. A number of factors predicted metastases on PET–CT and laparoscopy, although none could inform an algorithm. PET–CT altered management in 23·0 per cent, and laparoscopy in 7·1 per cent, including those with T2 and distal oesophageal tumours.

Conclusion
Although EUS provided additional information on T and N category, its risk outweighed potential benefit in patients with T2–T4a disease on CT. Laparoscopy seemed justified for distal oesophageal tumours of T2 or greater.
Successful treatment of fetal hemolytic disease due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (GPI) using repeated intrauterine transfusions: a case report
Authors: Adama van Scheltema Phebe N. , Zhang Ai , Ball Lynne M. , Steggerda Sylke J. , van Wijk Richard , Fransen van de Putte Dietje E. , van Kamp Inge L. 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageHemolytic anemia due to GPI deficiency can be severe and life threatening during fetal life. When parents decline invasive testing, ultrasound monitoring of fetuses at risk is feasible. Intrauterine transfusion can be effective for the treatment of severe fetal anemia due to GPI deficiency.
Congenital isolated Iso–Kikuchi syndrome in a newborn
Authors: Valerio Enrico , Favot Francesca , Mattei Ilaria , Cutrone Mario 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageClassic CO (also called Iso–Kikuchi syndrome) represents a benign, isolated condition associated with normal patient outcome. Nevertheless, clinical follow‐up and/or further clinically‐based tests are needed to exclude other nail diseases associated with multisystem pathology; complete family history is also important to determine sporadic or hereditary transmission of such condition.
Nonsurgical management of multiple splenic abscesses in an obese patient that underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Schiavo Luigi , Scalera Giuseppe , De Sena Gabriele , Ciorra Francesca R. , Pagliano Pasquale , Barbarisi Alfonso 
Published: September 2015

Key Clinical MessageSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a surgical weight‐loss procedure. Splenic abscess is a rare complication of SG. Four cases of splenic abscess after SG have been reported, all managed by surgical intervention. We report the first documented case of multiple splenic abscesses following SG managed conservatively by an integrated medical treatment.
Chiral Polyol Synthesis Catalyzed by a Thermostable Transketolase Immobilized on Layered Double Hydroxides in Ionic liquids
Authors: Ali Ghina , Moreau Thomas , Forano Claude , Mousty Christine , Prevot Vanessa , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work we set out to study the activity of a thermostable Transketolase (TK) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) in an ionic liquid as cosolvent, which has never been investigated before with this enzyme. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm][Cl]) in the range 30–50 % in water maintained the total activity of TKgst and increased the reaction rate in the presence of pentoses as acceptor substrates, particularly d‐ribose. To improve the synthetic process, TKgst was immobilized on an inorganic support, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with excellent immobilization yield and catalytic activity using a simple, eco‐compatible, efficient coprecipitation procedure. The biohybrid MgAl@TKgst was tested in 30 % [BMIm][Cl] for the synthesis of a rare, very costly commercially available sugar, d‐sedoheptulose, which was obtained in one step from d‐ribose with an isolated yield of 82 %. This biohybrid was reusable over four cycles with no loss of enzymatic activity. The particular activity of free and immobilized TKgst in [BMIm][Cl] holds promise to extend the applications of TKgst in other ionic liquids and unusual media in biocatalysis.
Walking Down the Chalcogenic Group of the Periodic Table: From Singlet to Triplet Organic Emitters
Authors: Kremer Adrian , Aurisicchio Claudia , De Leo Federica , Ventura Barbara , Wouters Johan , Armaroli Nicola , Barbieri Andrea , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, X‐ray crystal structures, ground‐ and excited‐state UV/Vis absorption spectra, and luminescence properties of chalcogen‐doped organic emitters equipped on both extremities with benzoxa‐, benzothia‐, benzoselena‐ and benzotellurazole (1X and 2X) moieties have been reported for the first time. The insertion of the four different chalcogen atoms within the same molecular skeleton enables the investigation of only the chalcogenic effect on the organisation and photophysical properties of the material. Detailed crystal‐structure analyses provide evidence of similar packing for 2O–2Se, in which the benzoazoles are engaged in π–π stacking and, for the heavier atoms, in secondary X⋅⋅⋅X and X⋅⋅⋅N bonding interactions. Detailed computational analysis shows that the arrangement is essentially governed by the interplay of van der Waals and secondary bonding interactions. Progressive quenching of the fluorescence and concomitant onset of phosphorescence features with gradually shorter lifetimes are detected as the atomic weight of the chalcogen heteroatom increases, with the tellurium‐doped derivatives exhibiting only emission from the lowest triplet excited state. Notably, the phosphorescence spectra of the selenium and tellurium derivatives can be recorded even at room temperature; this is a very rare finding for fully organic emitters.
Calix[4]arene‐Functionalised Silver Nanoparticles as Hosts for Pyridinium‐Loaded Gold Nanoparticles as Guests
Authors: Vita Francesco , Boccia Alice , Marrani Andrea G. , Zanoni Robertino , Rossi Francesca , Arduini Arturo , Secchi Andrea 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of lipophilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) circa 5 nm in diameter and having a mixed organic layer consisting of 1‐dodecanethiol and 1‐(11‐mercaptoundecyl) pyridinium bromide was synthesised by reacting tetraoctylammonium bromide stabilised AuNPs in toluene with different mixtures of the two thiolate ligands. A bidentate ω‐alkylthiolate calix[4]arene derivative was instead used as a functional protecting layer on AgNPs of approximately 3 nm. The functionalised nanoparticles were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and by UV/Vis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Recognition of the pyridinium moieties loaded on the AuNPs by the calix[4]arene units immobilised on the AgNPs was demonstrated in solution of weakly polar solvents by UV/Vis titrations and DLS measurements. The extent of Au‐AgNPs aggregation, shown through the low‐energy shift of their surface plasmon bands (SPB), was strongly dependent on the loading of the pyridinium moieties present in the organic layer of the AuNPs. Extensive aggregation between dodecanethiol‐capped AuNPs and the Ag calix[4]arene‐functionalised NPs was also promoted by the action of a simple N‐octyl pyridinium difunctional supramolecular linker. This linker can interdigitate through its long fatty tail in the organic layer of the dodecanethiol‐capped AuNPs, and simultaneously interact through its pyridinium moiety with the calix[4]arene units at the surface of the modified AgNPs.
Synthesis, Photophysics, and Self‐Assembly of Furan‐Embedded Heteroarenes
Authors: Wang Sujuan , Lv Bo , Cui Qiuye , Ma Xiaoqian , Ba Xinwu , Xiao Jinchong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of pyrene/phenanthrene‐fused furan derivatives (1–8) were synthesized by a simple condensation reaction between pyrene‐4,5‐diketone/phenanthrenequinone and substituted phenol/naphthol in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene heated at reflux. The formed compounds can emit strong blue light in organic solvents. Additionally, the self‐assembly behaviors of two of the compounds (3 and 5) were studied through re‐precipitation method and the resulting nanostructures were characterized by UV/Vis, fluorescence spectra, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The findings showed that the shape and size of compounds 3 and 5 could be tuned by the ratio of THF and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution in water.
Stochastic/Controlled Symmetry Breaking of the T8‐POSS Cages toward Multifunctional Regioisomeric Nanobuilding Blocks
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Man , Guo Qing‐Yun , Han Shuai‐Yuan , Wang Jing‐Yi , Han Di , Fu Qiang , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrecise synthesis of nanobuilding blocks with accurately positioned functional groups presents a daunting challenge. Herein, a practical synthesis and thorough characterization of a series of T8‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) di‐ and triadducts is reported. Upon addition of triflic acid across the double bonds in octavinylPOSS (V8T8) followed by hydrolysis, the cubic symmetry of the T8‐POSS cage (Oh) is broken into C2v (ortho‐), C2v (meta‐), and D3d (para‐) for diadducts and further to Cs (oom‐), Cs (omp‐), and C3v (mmm‐) for triadducts in a stochastic fashion. Their structures and regioconfigurations have been unambiguously demonstrated by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, as well as MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The assignment of the diadducts was further corroborated by converting each individual diadduct into triadduct(s), the structure of which is controlled by the symmetry of the precursor. Except for the C3v triadduct, they can all be prepared in synthetically useful quantities. The presence of two types of highly reactive and mutually orthogonal functional groups facilitates further modification into complex nanostructures and composite materials. These unique regioisomers provide a versatile platform for constructing giant molecules and Janus silsesquioxanes.
An Efficient Templating Approach for the Synthesis of Redispersible Size‐Controllable Carbon Quantum Dots from Graphitic Polymeric Micelles
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Abbasi Farshad , Claverie Jerome 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAccess to high‐quality, easily dispersible carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is essential in order to fully exploit their desirable properties. Copolymers based on N‐acryloyl‐D‐glucosamine and acrylic acid prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization are self‐assembled into micelle‐like nanoreactors. After a facile graphitization process (170 °C, atmospheric pressure), each micellar template is transformed into a CQD through a 1:1 copy process. These high‐quality CQDs (quantum yield=22 %) with tunable sizes (2–5 nm) are decorated by carboxylic acid moieties and can be spontaneously redispersed in water and polar organic solvents. This preparation method renders the mass production of multifunctional CQDs possible. To demonstrate the versatility of this approach, CQDs hybridized TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible‐light have been prepared.
Copper(I) Bromide: An Alternative Emitter for Blue‐Colored Flame Pyrotechnics
Authors: Juknelevicius Dominykas , Karvinen Eero , Klapötke Thomas M. , Kubilius Rytis , Ramanavicius Arunas , Rusan Magdalena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCopper(I) bromide was evaluated as an alternative emitter for blue flame pyrotechnic compositions. CuBr and CuCl emission spectra were recorded from a butane torch flame and compared. Cu(BrO3)2 was synthesized and used in pyrotechnic compositions as an oxidizer and the source for the generation of CuBr species. Pyrotechnic compositions, which contained copper and potassium bromates as oxidizers, were optimized for the generation of blue flames. The experimental data, including emission spectra of the flames, chromaticity coordinates, burning rates, luminous intensities, and sensitivity tests, were analyzed and compared.
Conicity Index and Waist‐to‐Hip Ratio Are Superior Obesity Indices in Predicting 10‐Year Cardiovascular Risk Among Men and Women
Authors: Motamed Nima , Perumal Dhaya , Zamani Farhad , Ashrafi Hossein , Haghjoo Majid , Saeedian F.S. , Maadi Mansooreh , Akhavan‐Niaki Haleh , Rabiee Behnam , Asouri Mohsen 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCentral obesity has been recognized as a main risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) events. Three popular central obesity indices are waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), and waist‐to‐height ratio; abdominal volume index and conicity index are 2 recent novel obesity indices. The main aim of this study is to determine the performance of these indices to best predict 10‐year CV events.HypothesisSome obesity indices can be used to predict cardiovascular risk.MethodsIn total, 3199 subjects (age range, 40–79 years) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and Framingham risk score tools were used to estimate the 10‐year CV events. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal discriminator(s) among the central obesity measures in the estimation of a 10‐year risk of CV events ≥7.5%, ≥10%, and ≥20% separately.ResultsAmong the 5 central obesity indices, conicity index showed the most discriminatory power in estimation of a 10‐year CV risk. In men, based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association tool, the areas under the curve (AUCs) were from 0.671 to 0.682 based on the 3 above thresholds, whereas with the Framingham tool, AUCs were from 0.651 to 0.659. In women, all AUCs were >0.7. Our results also showed WHR to be an almost comparable discriminator of CV disease risk in the Iranian study population.ConclusionConicity index and WHR had a more discriminatory accuracy for 10‐year CV events compared with the other obesity indices.
Association Between Preinfarction Angina and Angiographic Findings in Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Misumida Naoki , Kobayashi Akihiro , Saeed Madeeha , Fox John T. , Kanei Yumiko 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe association between preinfarction angina and angiographic findings has not been elucidated in patients with non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).HypothesisPatients with preinfarction angina have favorable angiographic findings.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 481 patients who underwent coronary angiography within 5 days of presenting NSTEMI. Preinfarction angina was defined as experiencing ≥1 chest‐pain episode within 7 days prior to admission. Infarct size was measured as the peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, and large myocardial infarction (MI) was defined as a peak cTnI level >85th percentile value in the study population. Infarct‐related artery (IRA) patency was defined as Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 2 or 3 flow. Clinical and angiographic characteristics and in‐hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without preinfarction angina.ResultsAmong 481 patients, 200 (42%) had preinfarction angina. Preinfarction angina was associated with smaller infarct size, indicated by lower peak cTnI levels (P = 0.006) and lower incidence of large MI (P = 0.02), and IRA patency (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, both preinfarction angina (odds ratio: 0.53, 95% confidence interval: 0.29‐0.94, P = 0.03) and IRA patency (odds ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.17‐0.52, P < 0.001) were independent negative predictors of large MI.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that preinfarction angina is a predictor of smaller infarct size and infarct‐related artery patency in NSTEMI patients, suggesting that NSTEMI patients presenting without preinfarction angina are at increased risk of developing a large MI.
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Costs After Myocardial Infarction: A Community Study
Authors: Borah Bijan J. , Roger Véronique L. , Mills Roger M. , Weston Susan A. , Anderson Stephanie S. , Chamberlain Alanna M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe authors sought to estimate incremental economic impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the timing of its onset in myocardial infarction (MI) patients.HypothesisConcurrent AF and its timing are associated with higher costs in MI patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included incident MI patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota, treated between November 1, 2002, and December 31, 2010. We compared inflation‐adjusted standardized costs accumulated between incident MI and end of follow‐up among 3 groups by AF status and timing: no AF, new‐onset AF (within 30 days after index MI), and prior AF. Multivariate adjustment of median costs accounted for right‐censoring in costs.ResultsThe final study cohort had 1389 patients, with 989 in no AF, 163 in new‐onset AF, and 237 in prior AF categories. Median follow‐up times were 3.98, 3.23, and 2.55 years, respectively. Mean age at index was 67 years, with significantly younger patients in the no AF group (64 years vs 76 and 77 years, respectively; P < 0.001). New‐onset and prior AF patients had more comorbid conditions (hypertension, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). After accounting for differences in baseline characteristics, we found adjusted median (95% confidence interval) costs of $73 000 ($69 000‐$76 000) for no AF; $85 000 ($81 000‐$89 000) for new‐onset AF; and $97 000 ($94 000‐$100 000) for prior AF. Inpatient costs composed the largest share of total median costs (no AF, 82%; new‐onset AF, 84%; prior AF, 83%).ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation frequently coexists with MI and imposes incremental costs, mainly attributable to inpatient care. Timing of AF matters, as prior AF was found to be associated with higher costs than new‐onset AF.
Isocyanides as Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 Wild‐Type M2 Channel Inhibitors
Authors: Wu Shuwen , Huang Jing , Gazzarrini Sabrina , He Si , Chen Lihua , Li Jun , Xing Li , Li Chufang , Chen Ling , Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Liao George P. , Zhou Haibing , Dömling Alexander , Moroni Anna , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBasic bulky amines such as amantadine are well‐characterized M2 channel blockers, useful for treating influenza. Herein we report our surprising findings that charge‐neutral, bulky isocyanides exhibit activities similar to—or even higher than—that of amantadine. We also demonstrate that these isocyanides have potent growth inhibitory activity against the H5N1 virus. The −NH2 to −N≡C group replacement within current anti‐influenza drugs was found to give compounds with high activities at low‐micromolar concentrations. For example, a tenfold improvement in potency was observed for 1‐isocyanoadamantane (27), with an EC50 value of 0.487 μm against amantadine‐sensitive H5N1 virus as determined by both MTT and plaque‐reduction assays, without showing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the isocyanide analogues synthesized in this study did not inhibit the V27A or S31N mutant M2 ion channels, according to electrophysiology experiments, and did not exhibit activity against amantadine‐resistant virus strains.
Structural Origin of the Activity in Mn3O4–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zeng Qingcong , Zhang Bingsen , Leng Xue , Su Dang‐Sheng , Gentle Ian R. , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNon‐precious metal oxide/carbon hybrid electrocatalysts are of increasing importance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A synergistic effect is commonly used to explain the superior ORR activity exerted by metal oxide/nanocarbon hybrids, and this effect is attributed to covalently coupled interfaces between the two materials. However, the origin of the high activity, the structure, and the electrocatalytic nature of the interface remain unclear. By combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron far‐infrared spectroscopy, we resolved the interface structure between spinel manganese oxide nanocrystals and graphene oxide nanoribbons, and the role of this interface in the promoted ORR. Moreover, we demonstrated the excellent ORR activity by a functional synergism of the hybrid constituents through a series of comparative electrochemical experiments.
Elucidating the Role of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Interlayers for High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Lim Kyung‐Geun , Park Sung Min , Woo Han Young , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite the promising function of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as an interfacial layer in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the underlying mechanism of dipole orientation and the electrical characteristics of CPE interlayers remain unclear. Currently, the ionic functionality of CPEs (i.e., whether they are cationic or anionic) is believed to determine the interfacial dipole alignment and the resulting electron or hole extraction properties at the interface between an organic photoactive layer and a metal electrode. In this research, we find that in contrast to this common belief, the photovoltaic efficiency can be improved significantly by both cationic and anionic CPE layers regardless of the ion functionality of the CPE. This improvement occurs because the interfacial dipoles of cationic and anionic CPEs are realigned in the identical direction despite the different ionic functionality. The net dipole is determined not by the intrinsic molecular dipole of the CPE but by the ionic redistribution in the CPE layer and the resulting interfacial dipole at the intimate contact with adjacent layers. We also demonstrated that the energy level alignment and performance parameters of OPVs can be controlled systematically by the electrically poled CPE layers with the oriented interfacial dipoles; the distribution of positive and negative ions in the CPE layer was adjusted by applying an appropriate external electric field, and the energy alignment was reversible by changing the electric field direction. The anionic and cationic CPEs (PSBFP‐Na and PAHFP‐Br) based on the same π‐conjugated backbone of fluorene‐phenylene were each used as the electron extraction layer on a photoactive layer. Both anionic and cationic CPE interlayers improved the energy level alignment at the interface between the photoactive layer and the electrode and the resulting performance parameters, which thereby increased the power conversion efficiency to 8.3 %.