bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep sympatric mtDNA divergence in the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata)
Authors: Kvie Kjersti S. , Hogner Silje , Aarvik Leif , Lifjeld Jan T. , Johnsen Arild 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDeep sympatric intraspecific divergence in mtDNA may reflect cryptic species or formerly distinct lineages in the process of remerging. Preliminary results from DNA barcoding of Scandinavian butterflies and moths showed high intraspecific sequence variation in the autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata. In this study, specimens from different localities in Norway and some samples from Finland and Scotland, with two congeneric species as outgroups, were sequenced with mitochondrial and nuclear markers to resolve the discrepancy found between mtDNA divergence and present species‐level taxonomy. We found five COI sub‐clades within the E. autumnata complex, most of which were sympatric and with little geographic structure. Nuclear markers (ITS2 and Wingless) showed little variation and gave no indications that E. autumnata comprises more than one species. The samples were screened with primers for Wolbachia outer surface gene (wsp) and 12% of the samples tested positive. Two Wolbachia strains were associated with different mtDNA sub‐clades within E. autumnata, which may indicate indirect selection/selective sweeps on haplotypes. Our results demonstrate that deep mtDNA divergences are not synonymous with cryptic speciation and this has important implications for the use of mtDNA in species delimitation, like in DNA barcoding.
A Straightforward Route to Homoallyl‐Homocrotylamines Promoted by a Titanium Complex
Authors: Toulot Stéphanie , Bonnin Quentin , Comte Virginie , Adriaenssens Louis , Richard Philippe , Le Gendre Pierre 
Published: December 2012

Abstractπ‐Allyltitanium complexes, generated in situ from 1,3‐dienes and [Cp2TiH], react with benzotriazole derivatives to give homoallylic amines in good yields. Under similar conditions, triple cascade reactions (allyltitanation followed by cationic 2‐aza‐Cope rearrangement followed by a second allyltitanation) occur from bis(benzotriazolyl) compounds affording a straightforward route to homoallyl‐(E)‐homocrotylamines. A theoretical study provides further insight into the factors that govern the selectivity of this sequence of reactions.
Efficient Synthesis of Thiolactoside Glycoclusters by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Disubstituted Alkynes on Carbohydrate Scaffolds
Authors: Cagnoni Alejandro J. , Varela Oscar , Uhrig María Laura , Kovensky José 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLectin‐carbohydrate interactions are responsible for several cellular processes involved in the immune system and the development of certain types of cancer. To further understanding of the cellular responses triggered by these interactions, complex carbohydrates are designed and prepared. Here, we describe the synthesis of a family of multivalent glycoclusters based on carbohydrate cores bearing thiolactosides or thiogalactosides as recognition elements with structural valencies ranging from 2 to 8. The synthetic strategy involves a key ruthenium‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between symmetric disubstituted alkynes bearing two thiosugar units and azide‐containing carbohydrate scaffolds. This methodology afforded high‐valency glycoconjugates in good to excellent yields. Binding affinities of the synthetic β‐thiolactosides for peanut lectin were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. These titrations revealed micromolar affinities as well as a multivalent effect. A tetravalent glycoconjugate based on a trehalose scaffold displayed the highest binding affinity.
Variability in Affective Activation Predicts Non‐suicidal Self‐injury in Eating Disorders
Authors: Vansteelandt Kristof , Claes Laurence , Muehlenkamp Jennifer , De Cuyper Kathleen , Lemmens Jos , Probst Michel , Vanderlinden Johan , Pieters Guido 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe examined whether affective variability can predict non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in eating disorders. Affect was represented by valence (positive versus negative) and activation (high versus low). Twenty‐one patients with anorexia nervosa‐restricting type, 18 patients with anorexia nervosa‐binge‐purging type and 20 patients with bulimia nervosa reported their momentary affect at nine random times a day during a one week period using a hand‐held computer. Affective variability was calculated as the within‐person standard deviation of valence and activation over time. Results indicate that patients displaying greater variability in activation and using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have a higher probability to engage in lifetime NSSI after adjustment for depression and borderline personality disorder. Neither variability of valence nor mean level of valence and activation had any predictive association with engaging in NSSI. It is suggested that the treatment of NSSI should focus on affect stabilization rather than reducing negative affect. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans from crown‐of‐thorns Acanthaster planci – extraction and quantification analysis
Authors: Bahrom Nur Afiqah , Sirajudeen K. N. S. , Yip George W. , Latiff Aishah A. , Ghazali Farid Che 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, the novel inventive steps for the extraction and quantification of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from Acanthaster planci starfish, generally known as crown‐of‐thorns (COT), are reported. Starfish have been implicated with collagenous distributions within their body anatomy, thus making it a prima facie fact searching for the possibility that GAGs can be isolated from COT. In this study, total‐, N‐, and O‐sulfated GAGs were extracted from three anatomical regions of the COT (integument, internal tissue, and coelomic fluid) and comparison was made. The result showed that body region of COT seemed to contain higher amount of sulfated GAGs as opposed to the arm region (55.79 ± 0.65 μg/mg was the highest amount in the body extracted from its coelomic fluid and 32.28 ± 3.14 μg/mg was the highest amount in the arm extracted from its internal tissue). COT's integument and coelomic fluid from its body region possessed the highest total of sulfated GAGs content with no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two. All GAGs from COT comprised a higher percentage of N‐sulfated GAGs than its counterpart, the O‐sulfated GAGs. When compared with a similar previous study that used sea cucumbers as the sulfated GAGs source, COT possessed more total sulfated GAGs content per milligram as compared with the sea cucumber generally. This result seems to unveil this marine species' advantage per se pertaining to GAGs extraction biomass applicability. Thus, COT could now be the better alternative source for production technology of total‐, N‐, and O‐sulfated GAGs.
β‐Glucan supplementation, allergy symptoms, and quality of life in self‐described ragweed allergy sufferers
Authors: Talbott Shawn M. , Talbott Julie A. , Talbott Tracy L. , Dingler Elaine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study compared the effects of daily supplementation for 4 week with 250 mg Wellmune WGP® β‐1,3/1,6‐Glucan (WGP) with placebo 250 mg/day (rice flour) on physical and psychological health attributes of self‐described “moderate” ragweed allergy sufferers. Study participants (mean age = 36 ± 9 year; range 18–53 year) were recruited before the beginning of ragweed season (September) in Northeastern Ohio. Serum IgE concentration, allergy symptoms [via self‐report, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ)], psychological well‐being [Profile of Mood States (POMS)], and physical function (RAND SF‐36 Medical Outcomes Study) were measured immediately prior to and after supplementation with WGP (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Compared with placebo, WGP reduced total allergy symptoms (28%), symptom severity (52%), and symptom rating on the VAS (37%) (P < 0.05), but had no effect on serum IgE levels. As measured by the POMS, WGP increased participants' rating of vigor (10%), but reduced tension (34%), depression (45%), anger (41%), fatigue (38%), and confusion (34%) (P < 0.05). Study participants given WGP reported increased physical health (11%), energy (19%), and emotional well‐being (7%) compared with study participants given the placebo (RAND SF‐36 Medical Outcomes Study). The WGP group also reported decreased sleep problems (53%), reduced nasal symptoms (59%), eye symptoms (57%), non‐nasal symptoms (50%), activities (53%), emotions (57%), and improved quality of life (QOL) (56%), as well as improved global mood state (13%). Supplementation with WGP for 4 weeks improved allergy symptoms, overall physical health, and emotional well‐being compared with placebo in self‐described “moderate” ragweed allergy sufferers during ragweed allergy season.
Analgesic efficacy and safety of the novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, losmapimod, in patients with neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Ostenfeld T. , Krishen A. , Lai R.Y. , Bullman J. , Baines A.J. , Green J. , Anand P. , Kelly M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundInhibitors of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase are undergoing evaluation as a novel class of anti‐rheumatic drugs, by virtue of their ability to suppress the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Emerging data suggests that they may also attenuate peripheral or central sensitization in neuropathic pain. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of losmapimod (GW856553), a novel p38α/β inhibitor, in subjects with neuropathic pain following traumatic peripheral nerve injury.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐eight subjects with pain of at least moderate intensity (average daily score ≥4 on an 11‐point pain intensity numeric rating scale; PI‐NRS) at baseline were randomized to receive oral losmapimod, 7.5 mg BID or placebo for 28 days. Efficacy and safety assessments were undertaken at weekly clinic visits.ResultsThe mean treatment difference for the change in average daily pain score from baseline to week 4 of treatment based on the PI‐NRS was −0.22 (95% CI −0.73, 0.28) in favour of losmapimod over placebo (p = 0.39). There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences between the treatment groups over the 4‐week dosing period for either the primary or secondary efficacy variables. There were no unexpected safety or tolerability findings following dosing with losmapimod.ConclusionsLosmapimod could not be differentiated from placebo in terms of a primary analgesia response in patients with pain following peripheral nerve injury. The lack of response could reflect inadequate exposure at central sites of action or differences between rodent and human with respect to the target or neuropathic pain mechanisms.
Measuring tumor cycling hypoxia and angiogenesis using a side‐firing fiber optic probe
Authors: Yu Bing , Shah Amy , Wang Bingqing , Rajaram Narasimhan , Wang Quanli , Ramanujam Nirmala , Palmer Gregory M. , Dewhirst Mark W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHypoxia and angiogenesis can significantly influence the efficacy of cancer therapy and the behavior of surviving tumor cells. There is a growing demand for technologies to measure tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis temporally in vivo to enable advances in drug development and optimization. This paper reports the use of frequency‐domain photon migration with a side‐firing probe to quantify tumor oxygenation and hemoglobin concentrations in nude rats bearing human head/neck tumors administered with carbogen gas, cycling hypoxic gas or just room air. Significant increase (with carbogen gas breathing) or decrease (with hypoxic gas breathing) in tumor oxygenation was observed. The trend in tumor oxygenation during forced cycling hypoxia (CH) followed that of the blood oxygenation measured with a pulse oximeter. Natural CH was also observed in rats under room air. The studies demonstrated the potential of the technology for longitudinal monitoring of tumor CH during tumor growth or in response to therapy. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a miR‐92a delivery system for anti‐angiogenesis‐based cancer therapy
Authors: Ando Hidenori , Okamoto Ayaka , Yokota Masafumi , Shimizu Kosuke , Asai Tomohiro , Dewa Takehisa , Oku Naoto 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundRNA interference has received much attention as a novel therapeutic strategy. MicroRNA (miRNA) appears to be promising as a novel nucleic‐acid medicine because it is able to suppress a series of protein expression that relates to a specific event such as angiogenesis. In the present study, we used dicetyl phosphate‐tetraethylenepentamine‐based polycation liposomes (TEPA‐PCL) as a delivery system for miR‐92a, one of the miRNAs regulating angiogenesis, and attempted to deliver miR‐92a to angiogenic endothelial cells for the development of cancer therapy by anti‐angiogenesis.MethodsCholesterol‐grafted miR‐92a (miR‐92a‐C) was bound to TEPA‐PCL, and the ratio of nitrogen of TEPA‐PCL to phosphorus of miR‐92a‐C (N/P ratio) was optimized. This complex was transfected into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the intracellular localization of miR‐92a‐C was observed under a confocal laser‐scanning microscope by the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled miR‐92a‐C. After transfection of HUVECs with miR‐92a‐C/TEPA‐PCL, the expression of miR‐92a‐target proteins (e.g. integrin α5, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1) was examined by western blotting, and a tube formation assay was performed.ResultsThe complex of miR‐92a‐C with TEPA‐PCL was formed and miR‐92a‐C remained stable with TEPA‐PCL at the N/P ratio of 10. After transfection of HUVECs with miR‐92a‐C complex, miR‐92a‐C spread into the whole cytoplasm of the cells without any change of cellular morphology, and the expression of several proteins encoded by miR‐92a‐target genes was suppressed. Furthermore, the capability of forming capillary tubes was impaired in complex‐treated HUVECs.ConclusionsWe have developed a miR‐92a delivery system into angiogenic endothelial cells by the use of TEPA‐PCL. These results suggest that miR‐92a‐C/TEPA‐PCL is promising for the treatment of tumors via the suppression of angiogenesis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐[(2,4‐dimethoxy)benzylidene]‐anabaseine dihydrochloride protects against 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced parkinsonian neurodegeneration through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation in rats
Authors: Suzuki Syuuichirou , Kawamata Jun , Matsushita Takashi , Matsumura Akihiro , Hisahara Shin , Takata Kazuyuki , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Kem William , Shimohama Shun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo explore a novel therapy against Parkinson's disease through enhancement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 3‐[(2,4‐dimethoxy)benzylidene]‐anabaseine dihydrochloride (DMXBA; GTS‐21), a functionally selective α7 nAChR agonist, in a rat 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced hemiparkinsonian model. Microinjection of 6‐OHDA into the nigrostriatal pathway of rats destroys dopaminergic neurons selectively. DMXBA dose dependently inhibited methamphetamine‐stimulated rotational behavior and dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by 6‐OHDA. The protective effects were abolished by methyllycaconitine citrate salt hydrate, an α7 nAChR antagonist. Immunohistochemical study confirmed abundant α7 nAChR expression in the cytoplasm of dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that DMXBA prevented 6‐OHDA‐induced dopaminergic neuronal loss through stimulating α7 nAChR in dopaminergic neurons. Injection of 6‐OHDA elevated immunoreactivities to glial markers such as ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, CD68, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats. In contrast, these immunoreactivities were markedly inhibited by comicroinjection of DMXBA. Microglia also expressed α7 nAChR in both resting and activated states. Hence, we hypothesize that DMXBA simultaneously affects microglia and dopaminergic neurons and that both actions lead to dopaminergic neuroprotection. The findings that DMXBA attenuates 6‐OHDA‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and glial activation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease raisethe possibility that DMXBA could be a novel therapeutic compound to prevent Parkinson's disease development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional deletion of histone deacetylase‐4 in the central nervous system has no major effect on brain architecture or neuronal viability
Authors: Price Valerie , Wang Lulu , D'Mello Santosh R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEvidence from different laboratories using cell culture and in vivo model systems indicates that histone deacetylase‐4 (HDAC4) plays an essential role in maintaining neuronal survival. Indeed, HDAC4 null knockout mice, which die within 2 weeks of birth, display cerebellar degeneration, whereas RNAi‐mediated knockdown of HDAC4 expression in the retina of normal mice leads to apoptosis of retinal neurons. As a step toward analyzing the role of HDAC4 in the regulation of neuronal survival in more detail, we generated two separate lines of conditional knockout mice by breeding HDAC4‐flox mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase through a Thy1 or nestin promoter. Surprisingly, both Thy1‐Cre/HDAC4−/− mice, in which HDAC4 is ablated in neurons of the cortex and hippocampus, as well as Nes‐Cre/HDAC4−/− mice, in which HDAC4 is ablated in neural progenitor cells of the CNS, appear normal at birth, have normal body weight, are fertile, and perform normally in locomotor activity assays. Histological analysis of the brains of Nes‐Cre/HDAC4−/− mice revealed no obvious abnormalities in cytoarchitecture. Immunohistological analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin also showed no discernible defects. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end‐labeling staining showed no difference in the level of neuronal death in the cortex and cerebellum of Nes‐Cre/HDAC4−/− mice compared with controls. These results indicate that neurons are less dependent on HDAC4 expression for their survival than previously believed and suggest that neuronal death observed in HDAC4 null knockout mice and after RNAi injection may result from HDAC4 deficiency in nonneural cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
West Antarctica's sensitivity to natural and human‐forced climate change over the Holocene
Authors: Mayewski P. A. , Maasch K. A. , Dixon D. , Sneed S. B. , Oglesby R. , Korotkikh E. , Potocki M. , Grigholm B. , Kreutz K. , Kurbatov A. V. , Spaulding N. , Stager J. C. , Taylor K. C. , Steig E. J. , White J. , Bertler N. A. N. , Goodwin I. , Simões J. C. , Jaña R. , Kraus S. , Fastook J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe location and intensity of the austral westerlies strongly influence southern hemisphere precipitation and heat transport with consequences for human society and ecosystems. With future warming, global climate models project increased aridity in southern mid‐latitudes related to continued poleward contraction of the austral westerlies. We utilize Antarctic ice cores to investigate past and to set the stage for the prediction of future behaviour of the westerlies. We show that Holocene West Antarctic ice core reconstructions of atmospheric circulation sensitively record naturally forced progressive as well as abrupt changes. We also show that recent poleward migration of the westerlies coincident with increased emission of greenhouse gases and the Antarctic ozone hole has led to unprecedented penetration, compared with >100,000 years ago, of air masses bringing warmth, extra‐Antarctic source dust and anthropogenic pollutants into West Antarctica. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PEAK leadership
Authors: Conley Chip 
Published: December 2012

AbstractConley asks why business leaders don't think of themselves as engaging in a practice, as in medicine or law. Based on the hierarchy of needs and theory of peak potential of psychologist Abraham Maslow, Conley describes seven practices for organizations to reach the highest levels. These include taking a positive view of human nature, cultivating the ability to move between transactional and transformational leadership, and focusing on your customers' highest needs. “If you create a unique corporate culture,” he writes, “it tends to drive employee happiness that enhances customer loyalty that grows market share and leads to sustained profitability.”
Glad to be here: Lessons in high performance from the Blue Angels
Authors: Foley John 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFoley, the former lead solo pilot of the Navy's elite Blue Angels shares their process and mind‐set for achieving the highest level of performance. It starts with the “Glad to Be Here” mind‐set, which underpins the Diamond Performance Framework. This is built around tactical or strategic CenterPoints. A high belief level is necessary for high achievement, and with this comes clarity of vision. Delivery of a brief, which “contains the relevant details that people need before they get started,” helps people know what is expected. Commitment is based on contracts, and after‐action debriefs are necessary, for “celebrating your victories and sharing your gratitude.”
Leading a culture of change and innovation
Authors: Hrabowski Freeman A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHrabowski, the longtime president of the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) details the culture change initiatives that were necessary in his institution for increasing minority participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. The Meyerhoff Scholars Program, instituted in 1989, partnered the school with Baltimore philanthropist Robert Meyerhoff and national agencies and foundations. The program initially focused on developing research careers in science and engineering for African American males, and later “broadened to include women, other minority students, and majority students interested in diversity issues, and it has been widely recognized as a national model in preparing students for research careers.”
Entrepreneurial leaders: Creating opportunity in an unknowable world
Authors: Greenberg Danna , McKone‐Sweet Kate , Wilson H. James 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe authors believe that “organizations have entered an unknowable world in which current business problems bear little resemblance to the past.” Rather than endlessly gathering information, they must continually take action. Three principles of entrepreneurial leadership are outlined, starting with cognitive ambidexterity, which involves “integrating two diverse ways of making decisions into a single approach to pursuing opportunity.” Next is “commitment to social, environmental, and economic value creation,” in which leaders are “driven by their commitment to social, environmental, and economic responsibility and sustainability (SEERS).” Finally, leaders must develop self‐awareness, “a deep understanding of who they are to guide their actions.”