bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALIPH in Iraq
Authors: Urtizverea Elsa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIraq is the raison d’être of ALIPH, and since the organization became operational in Geneva in September 2018, the foundation has supported more than 40 projects in Iraq. Combined, these projects have the goal to rehabilitate monuments and sites, safeguard museums and their collections, preserve and enhance written heritage, protect intangible heritage, and combat looting and illicit trafficking of cultural property. ALIPH is able to carry out its mission to help protect Iraqi heritage thanks to its close working relationships with the Iraqi Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities and the State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, with whom the Foundation shares a common holistic approach toward safeguarding and conserving heritage from its roots, stretching back thousands of years, to its future.
Heritage and Cultural Activities for Sustainable Development. A Proposal for a Theoretical and Methodological Approach
Authors: Cabasino Emilio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInitiatives organized to promote cultural heritage interventions, and culture in the context of development cooperation more generally, especially in fragile contexts, are always conditioned by the scarce resources available, which are at risk of being allocated to heterogeneous sectors. It is for this reason that such initiatives ought to be conceived, designed and implemented on the basis of a sound and well-defined theoretical and methodological approach. Indeed, in the following pages, we will endeavour to outline such an approach.
In the Frame: Women and the Discursive Construction of Gender Equality in Theory and Practice
Authors: Johnson Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter makes a case for why the history of the development of gender equality policy in Australia, as a multicultural, settler-colonial society situated in the Asia-Pacific, is of broader international significance. It highlights Australia’s innovative contributions to gender equality, from its early granting of women’s suffrage and the right to stand for parliament, to the development of feminist policy advisory structures and being the first country to introduce gender responsive budgeting. Yet, Australian governments also tried to meld social democracy and neoliberalism (long before Tony Blair) with major consequences for women that the Albanese Labor government has begun to address. The chapter provides necessary background, discussing different conceptions of gender equality internationally and the breadth of relevant policy issues requiring study from political economy to intersectionality. It outlines a range of feminist methodological approaches used while arguing that an analysis of gendered discursive policy framing is particularly useful for identifying both the factors influencing policy and the flaws in policy that can result. In particular, discursive policy framing analysis identifies the need to reimagine gender equality policy frameworks, given that gender equality policy has all too often been incorporated into pre-existing frameworks designed to address other issues.
Great Hopes: “Second-Wave” Feminism and the State, from Whitlam to Fraser (1972–1983)
Authors: Johnson Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Australian government policy but also provides relevant international examples. It analyses gender equality policy during the Whitlam and Fraser governments. Fortuitously for feminists, Whitlam’s election coincided with so-called second-wave feminism’s serious challenge to traditional policy frameworks in the 1970s. The government drew on international developments but also implemented innovative Australian policies. Feminist demands in state-based areas from childcare and women’s health to women’s refuges fitted well with the Whitlam government’s policy framing around “positive equality” whereby government would provide additional services and facilities that improved peoples’ lives. Consequently, the Whitlam government became a pioneering government internationally when it came to the implementation of gender equality measures and the policy machinery associated with them, including being the first government in the world to appoint a women’s advisor. The Whitlam government was also an early pioneer of intersectional approaches. However, neoliberal ideology began to have some influence during the end of the Whitlam government’s period in office and increased under the Liberal/Coalition government of Malcolm Fraser that followed. Furthermore, social conservative Liberals were beginning to mobilise against social liberal perspectives within the Liberal Party that were more supportive of feminism.
Social Democracy, the “Fair Go” and Gender Wars: Women Under the Rudd and Gillard Governments (2007–2013)
Authors: Johnson Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Australian government policy but also provides relevant international examples. The Rudd Labor government’s support for equal opportunity for women was incorporated into the framing of supporting a “fair go”. However, government plans were impacted by the Global Financial Crisis and rising deficits. As was the case internationally, the resulting government stimulus policies were often relatively gender-blind with a focus on areas such as the construction industry that had relatively low levels of female employment. Nonetheless, there were feminist achievements, such as the belated introduction of paid parental leave. The government remained friendly towards feminism rather than antagonistic to it as under Howard. When Julia Gillard displaced Rudd as Prime Minister she supported a number of feminist agendas, especially supporting equal pay for low-paid women in caring work. However, Gillard faced gendered, culture war attacks on her Prime Ministership that revealed similarities with the way that women leaders and potential leaders have been treated internationally. Gillard has gone on to become a major proponent of women’s equality internationally, particularly regarding the issue of women and leadership.
Area Studies and Methodological Approaches to the New Regional Dynamics of the Middle East
Authors: Hanieh Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how we might think through the shifting, contradictory, and plural features of the Middle East in ways that move beyond the constraints of competing nationalisms, geographical silos, and disciplinary boundaries. The main objective is methodological—an attempt to outline some of the key analytical perspectives that might productively frame a better understanding of the new regional dynamics of the Middle East. Three key methodological issues are highlighted: (1) a focus on the various cross-border flows that serve to both upset state-centric approaches to the region, while also destabilizing the particular conceptual categories through which we often think of social processes in the Middle East; (2) closer attention to borders, borderlands, and transboundary processes in the Middle East, all of which contribute in powerful ways to the making of the national and regional scales; and (3) a recognition that regional processes in the Middle East need to be considered as mutually constitutive of a global totality and that this necessitates a closer analysis of the various relations that exist between the wider world market and the regional scale.
On the Construction of Kazakhstan’s National State From the Factor of “Immigration” Between Kazakhstan and Russia
Authors: Yang Dan , Zhiping Pan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKazakhstan is the only country in Central Asia with a common border with Russia. Since the tribal Khanate period, the whole grassland has almost borne the pressure of “reclamation immigrants” from Russia, and this colonial memory from the Tsarist Russian period has also been deeply embedded in the history of Central Asia. After the establishment of the Soviet regime, the Kazakh grassland was incorporated into the territory of the Soviet Union. Stalin quickly divided Central Asia into five parts by “language family”. Historical immigrants and indigenous people obtained the identity of “Soviet citizen”, and the unified political identity weakened their national consciousness. In 1992, the five Central Asian countries declared independence as new countries, and the five “language families” became the main ethnic groups and embarked on a new path of political development. After three decades, Kazakhstan, as a neighbor of Russia, “immigration” is one of the factors that cannot be ignored in the construction of its nation-state and involves the issue of demarcation and identification. This paper mainly investigates the history and reality of immigrants from Kazakhstan and Russia and tries to analyze its influence on the construction of Kazakhstan's nation-state.
From Annex to Autonomy: A Centennial Exploration of Panama’s National Development Path
Authors: Zhang Song 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith its strategic position and convenience for trade and commerce, Panama connects two oceans by a Canal and links the Americas via the isthmus. The construction of Panama Canal led to the independence of Panama. In the early days, with its territory divided into two parts and its politics and economy totally dependent on the United States, Panama was more like an annex of the Canal Zone which was under the jurisdiction of the United States. Throughout the twentieth century, in addition to the strenuous efforts for the sovereignty over the Canal Zone, Panama has also been exploring its own model of development. A long-term plan, rooted back to the Torrijos era in the 1970s and implemented after the return of the Canal, is the main line of Panama's development. Based on its own characteristics, Panama focuses on the service sector and gradually forms its four pillars on Canal, duty-free zone, finance and tourism. In the new century, the vision of “Hub of the Americas” was proposed to integrate all Canal, maritime and logistics-related industries and make Panama the “Singapore of the America”. While these achievements have been widely recognized by the international community, Panama still faces challenges such as the enormous gap between the rich and the poor. Whether these challenges can be overcome will determine the prospects of Panama.
Kyrgyzstan’s Nation-State Building Under the Dual Effects of Nationalism and Tribalism
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLike other countries in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan embarked on a state-building journey to independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, three special alternations in power in the 30 years after independence have made Kyrgyzstan a special case among Central Asian countries, which significantly undermined the state-building process. Taking the power alternation in 2005 as an example, this article is trying to explore the state-building process of Kyrgyzstan from the perspective of nationalism and tribalism. Despite the efforts of Kyrgyz leaders to construct state nationalism, the return of tribal politics and ethnic nationalism hindered the formation of a unified national identity and weakened the strengthening of the state’s control over society, which ultimately slowed the building of the state.
The Chermak–Delgado measure as a map on posets
Authors: Cocke William , McCulloch Ryan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Chermak–Delgado measure of a finite group is a function which assigns to each subgroup a positive integer. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for when the Chermak–Delgado measure of a group is actually a map of posets, i.e., a monotone function from the subgroup lattice to the positive integers. We also investigate when the Chermak–Delgado measure, restricted to the centralizers, is increasing.
The (almost) integral Chow ring of $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {M}}}_3^7$$
Authors: Pernice Michele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper is the third in a series of four papers aiming to describe the (almost integral) Chow ring of $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_3$$

M
¯

3

, the moduli stack of stable curves of genus 3. In this paper, we compute the Chow ring of $$\widetilde{{\mathcal {M}}}_3^7$$

M
~

3
7

with $${\mathbb {Z}}[1/6]$$

Z
[
1
/
6
]

-coefficients.
Einsamkeit am Lebensende
Authors: Seiler Annina , Evstigneev Sophia Rose , Hepp Zehra , Hertler Caroline , Peng-Keller Simon , Blum David 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungFortgeschrittene unheilbare Erkrankungen gehen aufgrund des zunehmenden Krankheitsprogresses mit zahlreichen Verlusten und Belastungen einher, welche die Autonomie und Selbstbestimmung sowie das Würdegefühl der Betroffenen erheblich beeinträchtigen und Einsamkeitsgefühle fördern können. Der gesundheitliche Abbau, die zunehmende Symptomlast, der Verlust von sozialen Rollen sowie die Angst vor dem Tod und dem Sterben zählen zu den wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für Einsamkeit am Lebensende. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Dimensionen der Einsamkeit am Lebensende. Die existentielle Einsamkeit wird in Abgrenzung zur emotionalen und sozialen Einsamkeit am Lebensende beleuchtet, Ursachen und gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Einsamkeit am Lebensende werden diskutiert, auf diagnostische Instrumente wird hingewiesen und Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit der emotionalen, sozialen und existentiellen Einsamkeit am Lebensende werden ausgesprochen. Auch die Einsamkeit pflegender Angehöriger wird thematisiert. Im Artikel weisen wir darauf hin, wie wichtig es ist, der emotionalen und sozialen Einsamkeit am Lebensende frühzeitig entgegenzuwirken. Palliative, psychologische und spirituelle Unterstützung können dabei helfen, zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen zu stärken, Sinn und Bedeutung zu fördern und die negativen Auswirkungen von Einsamkeitsgefühlen auf die Gesundheit und die Lebensqualität zu reduzieren. Im Gegensatz dazu wird die existentielle Einsamkeit als Ausdruck hoher emotionaler Reife betrachtet und kann als entwicklungsfördernde Erfahrung zu einer besseren Verortung des Selbst sowie zur Stärkung von Identität, Würde und Transzendenz am Lebensende beitragen.
Current practice of diagnosis and treatment for rectourethral fistula in male patients with anorectal malformation: a multicenter questionnaire survey in Japan
Authors: Harumatsu Toshio , Murakami Masakazu , Sugita Koshiro , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Fujino Akihiro , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Aoi Shigeyoshi , Soh Hideki , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Uchida Keiichi , Hirabayashi Takeshi , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Okajima Hideaki , Yonekura Takeo , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Yagi Minoru , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Hirobe Seiichi , Nio Masaki , Ueno Shigeru , Iwai Jun , Kuroda Tatsuo , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical procedures for anorectoplasty for anorectal malformations (ARMs), particularly rectourethral fistula (RUF), depend on the institution. We investigated the diagnosis and treatment of RUF in male patients with ARMs in Japan using a questionnaire survey.

Methods
An online survey inquiring about the diagnosis and treatment (diagnostic modalities, surgical approaches, fistula dissection devices, and fistula closure techniques) of each type of ARM in male patients was conducted among institutional members of the Japanese Study Group of Anorectal Anomalies. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare surgical methods between posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP).

Results
Sixty-one institutions (100%) completed the survey. LAARP was the preferred approach for high-type ARM (75.4%). PSARP was preferred for intermediate-type ARM (59.0%). Monopolar devices were most commonly used (72.1%) for RUF dissection. Blunt dissection was more frequent in the PSARP group (PSARP vs. LAARP: 55.6 vs. 20.0%, p < 0.005). Cystoscopy/urethroscopy to confirm the extent of dissection was used more frequently in the LAARP group (70.0% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.005). Clips and staplers were used more frequently in the LAARP group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Distinct fistula management strategies for PSARP and LAARP were revealed. Further studies are needed to investigate the postoperative outcomes associated with these practices.
Long-term outcomes after capitate fractures: a median 16-year follow-up
Authors: Ossowski Daniel , Thomsen Niels O. B. , Clementson Martin , Besjakov Jack , Jörgsholm Peter , Björkman Anders 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The long-term effects of a capitate fracture are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess both clinical and radiological long-term outcomes after a capitate fracture.

Materials and methods
From a cohort of 526 consecutive patients with post traumatic radial sided wrist pain, 23 were identified diagnosed with a capitate fracture. 16 of these (11 males and 5 females) with a median age at injury of 17.5 years (range 11–27 years) were eligible for a follow-up after a median of 16 years (range 8 to 17 years). In this study patients were examined using conventional radiographs, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the time of injury and with CT at the follow-up. At follow-up radiological signs of osteoarthritis were graded in four stages and clinical outcome was evaluated by measuring range of wrist motion and grip and pinch strength. The subjective outcome was assessed using DASH and PRWE questionnaires.

Results
Five patients had isolated capitate fractures and 11 had concomitant fractures, 10 of which had a simultaneous scaphoid fracture. 14 patients had been treated non-surgically in a cast and two patients were treated surgically. None of the fractures were visible on conventional radiographs at the time of injury. At follow-up all fractures had healed without signs of avascular necrosis. In one patient, CT examination revealed osteoarthritis between the capitate and lunate. This did not cause clinical symptoms. Functional impairments and pain scores were low: median DASH score 0, median PRWE 3 and median VAS pain score 0. We found no impairment in range of motion or grip and pinch strength.

Conclusions
At a median of 16-year follow-up, patients with a capitate fracture report normal self-assessed hand function as well as good wrist motion and strength. The risk of development of posttraumatic arthritis in the joints around the capitate is low.
Train Climbing—A new old trend in adolescents: Treatment of high voltage injuries and planning of a pilot project to raise awareness
Authors: Koenig Viktoria , Tratnig-Frankl Philipp , Pittermann Anna , Windpassinger Marita , Joestl Julian , Aszmann Oskar 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Introduction
An increasing number of high voltage electric burn injuries in a typically younger patient collective of train surfers and climbers at our level I center for burns was recognized. The purpose of this study was a retrospective data evaluation and as a consequence the implementation of an awareness program against train surfing.

Material and methods
In a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, 17 patients with high voltage injuries, who had been treated at our unit between January 2022 and January 2023, were identified. Of these patients seven were treated for injuries due to train surfing or climbing and therefore included in this study. The patients were assessed clinically for total burn surface area (TBSA), degree of burn, associated Injuries, hospital length of stay, number and type of surgeries (fasciotomy, minor/major amputations, defect coverage split skin graft or flaps).

Results
A total of seven males formed the basis of this report with an average age of 17.7 years (range 14–21 years). The highest ABSI (Abbreviated Burn Severity Index) score was 12, leading to the death of the 21-year-old patient who had 80% TBSA as well as multiple comorbidities including severe brain damage. The mean duration of stay at the intensive care unit (ICU) was 24.8 days and the mortality rate was 14.29%.

Conclusion
This study highlighted the severity of injuries, with a mean TBSA of 41.42% and a mortality rate of 14.29% among the study population. Train climbing and surfing patients presented with severe injuries and fatal long-term consequences. A pilot project involving several stakeholders was initiated in order to raise awareness of the dangers of electric arcs and the risk involved.
Efficacy and safety of intradetrusor abobotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA in women with overactive bladder and the value of local anesthesia: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Kavcic Niko , Avsenak Andrej , Zmazek Jan , Serdinsek Tamara , But Igor 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Background
A non-inferiority clinical study evaluated the efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA vs. incobotulinumtoxinA intradetrusor injections in women with overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence. Also, the effect of local anesthesia on the pain level of the procedure was assessed.

Methods
Patients were randomized to receive 20 intradetrusor injections of either 300 U abobotulinumtoxinA or 100 U incobotulinumtoxinA. They were further randomized to receive either local anesthesia (40 ml 1% lidocaine solution) or placebo before botulinum toxin injection. Before the procedure and 4 months after the procedure each patient reported urinary incontinence episodes, frequency, nocturia, completed the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) score, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), and Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire. Each patient completed a patient satisfaction survey 4 months after the procedure. During the procedure, the patients graded the pain intensity of every injection on a visual analog scale (VAS). The total score of each questionnaire was considered.

Results
A total of 54 patients with a mean age of 66 ± 13 (SD) years completed the study. Total scores of UDI‑6, IIQ‑7, I‑QOL, patient satisfaction, urinary incontinence episodes, frequency, nocturia and VAS questionnaires did not show differences between the abobotulinumtoxinA (n = 26) or incobotulinumtoxinA (n = 28) group. Urinary retention requiring catheterization was noted in five patients. The VAS and patient satisfaction questionnaire values did not show significant differences between the group receiving bladder instillation with lidocaine solution (n = 28) or the group receiving placebo (n = 26).

Conclusion
In women with overactive bladder and urge urinary incontinence where conservative treatment failed, abobotulinumtoxinA vs. incobotulinumtoxinA intradetrusor injections showed comparable results regarding improved clinical outcome and patient satisfaction. Local anesthesia before the procedure did not reduce the pain level in comparison with the placebo.