bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the drilling process parameters of AZ91 based hybrid composites using TOPSIS and grey relational analysis
Authors: P Hariharasakthisudhan , K Logesh , Kannan Sathish , R Sivakumar , K Sathickbasha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
AZ91 is a popular magnesium alloy that contains aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), and small amounts of other elements that offers a good balance of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for various applications such as automotive, aerospace, sports, and biomedical. The current research works focused on optimizing drilling process parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, a set of standard tools, and biofriendly coolants against the surface roughness and axial thrust force for AZ91/ nano hBN/ micron TiB2 hybrid composites. Taguchi L18 orthogonal array was used to design the drilling experiments. The axial thrust force and surface roughness of the drilled hole were observed as response of the experiments. Based on the results from TOPSIS and GRA, the optimal conditions were determined to be a spindle speed of 65 m/min, feed rate of 1 mm/rev, using a High-Speed Steel (HSS) tool, and Liquid Nitrogen (LN) coolant for 1 wt% of nano hBN in the hybrid composite. These parameters resulted in the lowest axial thrust force and surface roughness, highlighting their effectiveness in optimizing the drilling performance of AZ91/TiB2/hBN composites.
Evaluating cell growth and hypoxic regions of 3D spheroids via a machine learning approach
Authors: Yoo Jaekak , Choi Jae Won , Kim Eunha , Park Eun-Jung , Baek Ahruem , Kim Jaeseok , Jeong Mun Seok , Cho Youngwoo , Lee Tae Geol , Heo Min Beom 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of the area of spheroids and hypoxic regions for efficient evaluation of drug efficacy using machine learning (ML). We initially developed a high-throughput detection method to obtain the area of spheroids and hypoxic regions that can handle over 10 000 images per hour with an error rate of 2%–3%. The ML models were trained using cell growth of six cell lines (i.e. HepG2, A549, Hep3B, BEAS-2B, HT-29, and HCT116) and hypoxic region variations of two cell lines (i.e. HepG2 and BEAS-2B); our model can predict the area of spheroids and hypoxic region of certain growth date with high precision. To demonstrate the applicability, HepG2 spheroids were treated with sorafenib, and the efficacy of the drug was evaluated through a comparison of differences in areas of cell size and hypoxic regions with the predicted results. Furthermore, our ML approach has been shown to be applicable to provide the model-driven evaluative criterion for toxicity and drug efficacy using spheroids.
Painting with Falseness
Authors: Chan Eleanor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
False relations are particularly found in sacred, vocal music; as a result, textuality is key to understanding how they were deployed. This chapter explores the false relation and its relationship to ideas about word painting, chromaticism, and expression, both contemporary and those still adopted in the twenty-first century. It argues that, rather than focusing on individual word groups and types (noun, proper noun, adjective, verb), a more productive reading can be gained by focusing in on phrasing patterns, the structure and semantics of rhetorical tropes, and the burgeoning forms of punctuation (‘distinction’ or ‘pointing’, in contemporary terminology). The false relations of the English Renaissance rose to prominence during the great push to establish a vernacular liturgy. As this chapter demonstrates, the syntax of the Book of Common Prayer (1549) and Whole Booke of Psalmes (1562) hold the key to reaching towards an understanding of the semantic, expressive role of the false relation.
How to Train Your Discord
Authors: Chan Eleanor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the boom in how-to books across the sixteenth century, partial literacy and a broader readership are key to understanding false relations in the English Renaissance. The increasing availability of print sources, often adopting innovative graphic tactics for disseminating information, meant that expert and professional musical readers were no longer the only market for repertoire with false relations. Looking at two musical manuscripts which have been demonstrated to be explicitly didactic, the Hamond Partbooks and A Book of Solfaing Songes alias Add. MS 31390, this chapter examines how young choristers and amateurs learnt how to perform false relations, and the role that they played in general choral education. Through devices such as table books, canonic imitation, dialogic formats and writing, as well as performing, notation, it demonstrates that false relations served a key role in training aspiring musical readers and performers.
Afterword
Authors: Chan Eleanor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Love of the false relation continued into the seventeenth century, but increasingly it was used to signify allegiance to the English choral tradition, rather than for the variety of purposes it served in the sixteenth century and in the early decades of the seventeenth. This chapter considers the way that Restoration composers such as John Blow and Henry Purcell deployed false relations to political ends, as ways of signalling the native Englishness of their musical style. Under the aegis of James I and VI’s project to establish ‘Great Britain’, carefully mannered false relations became increasingly expedient ways to signify an embryonic musical whiteness. Finally, turning to Jacobean writers John Norden and Henry Peacham’s use of concord and discord as metaphors for native English rule, this chapter explores how thinking around false relations aided the development of the mythologized English-as-British past, and burgeoning theories of English exceptionalism that fuelled colonization.
Not daily, sometimes not ever – mixed methods exploration of the contemporary relevance of tasks contained in extended activities of daily living scales
Authors: Minnis Meghan , Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Kelbling Eline , Gallacher Katie I , Quinn Terence J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Assessment of functional status is an integral part of older adult healthcare and research. Therefore, it is essential that tools to capture function are contextually appropriate. Many tools designed to evaluate extended Activities of Daily Living (eADLs) were developed decades ago.

Objective
Our aim was to explore which eADL tasks are commonly performed by older adults and map these tasks to popular eADL scales, seeking stakeholder perspectives to inform recommendations on scale content.

Design
Online survey with quantitative questions and free text followed-by semi-structured interviews.

Subjects
Older adults (≥60-years), carers and health, social care and voluntary/community professionals.

Methods
We extracted eADL tasks from existing scales to develop a survey on frequency of performance, with space for additional comment. The survey was disseminated via Join Dementia Research and other clinical and professional networks. Online semi-structured interviews were undertaken with thematic analysis of verbatim transcripts.

Results
From 2244 online survey responses, 87% came from older people and two-thirds of respondents were female. Some eADL tasks were never performed by many participants. Tasks not part of existing tools included online banking and mobile phone use. From fifteen interviews, a recurring theme was that technological and societal changes have altered daily tasks.

Conclusions
Commonly used eADL scales contain obsolete tasks and omit tasks older people consider part of their everyday lives. There is a need to work collaboratively to update eADL tools to reflect the priorities and activities of older people to ensure these remain valid measures for use in practice and research.
To complement this abstract, a video abstract is available online. A more detailed video-based summary of the content is also available as supplemental material.
evolSOM: An R package for analyzing conservation and displacement of biological variables with self-organizing maps
Authors: Prochetto Santiago , Reinheimer Renata , Stegmayer Georgina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Unraveling the connection between genes and traits is crucial for solving many biological puzzles. Ribonucleic acid molecules and proteins, derived from these genetic instructions, play crucial roles in shaping cell structures, influencing reactions, and guiding behavior. This fundamental biological principle links genetic makeup to observable traits, but integrating and extracting meaningful relationships from this complex, multimodal data present a significant challenge.

Results
We introduce evolSOM, a novel R package that allows exploring and visualizing the conservation or displacement of biological variables, easing the integration of phenotypic and genotypic attributes. It enables the projection of multi-dimensional expression profiles onto interpretable two-dimensional grids, aiding in the identification of conserved or displaced genes/phenotypes across multiple conditions. Variables displaced together suggest membership to the same regulatory network, where the nature of the displacement may hold biological significance. The conservation or displacement of variables is automatically calculated and graphically presented by evolSOM. Its user-friendly interface and visualization capabilities enhance the accessibility of complex network analyses.

Availability and implementation
The package is open-source under the GPL (≥3) and is available at https://github.com/sanprochetto/evolSOM, along with a step-by-step vignette and a full example dataset that can be accessed at https://github.com/sanprochetto/evolSOM/tree/main/inst/extdata.
scDiffusion: conditional generation of high-quality single-cell data using diffusion model
Authors: Luo Erpai , Hao Minsheng , Wei Lei , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data are important for studying the laws of life at single-cell level. However, it is still challenging to obtain enough high-quality scRNA-seq data. To mitigate the limited availability of data, generative models have been proposed to computationally generate synthetic scRNA-seq data. Nevertheless, the data generated with current models are not very realistic yet, especially when we need to generate data with controlled conditions. In the meantime, diffusion models have shown their power in generating data with high fidelity, providing a new opportunity for scRNA-seq generation.

Results
In this study, we developed scDiffusion, a generative model combining the diffusion model and foundation model to generate high-quality scRNA-seq data with controlled conditions. We designed multiple classifiers to guide the diffusion process simultaneously, enabling scDiffusion to generate data under multiple condition combinations. We also proposed a new control strategy called Gradient Interpolation. This strategy allows the model to generate continuous trajectories of cell development from a given cell state. Experiments showed that scDiffusion could generate single-cell gene expression data closely resembling real scRNA-seq data. Also, scDiffusion can conditionally produce data on specific cell types including rare cell types. Furthermore, we could use the multiple-condition generation of scDiffusion to generate cell type that was out of the training data. Leveraging the Gradient Interpolation strategy, we generated a continuous developmental trajectory of mouse embryonic cells. These experiments demonstrate that scDiffusion is a powerful tool for augmenting the real scRNA-seq data and can provide insights into cell fate research.

Availability and implementation
scDiffusion is openly available at the GitHub repository https://github.com/EperLuo/scDiffusion or Zenodo https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13268742.
GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC cause uN2CpolyG cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Bao Lei , Li Xiaowen , Tian Jin , Wang Lulu , Ji Ying , Cui Yingying , Sun Wen , Zhang Jing , Xia Man , Zhu Pinyi , Cui Guiyun , Chen Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The expansion of GGC repeats within NOTCH2NLC leads to translation of the uN2CpolyG protein, the primary pathogenic factor in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). The aim of this study was to explore the deposition of uN2CpolyG as an amyloid in the vessel wall, leading to uN2CpolyG cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related cerebral microbleeds (CMBs).
A total of 97 patients with genetically confirmed NIID were enrolled in this study. We analysed the presence of CMBs using susceptibility-weighted imaging sequences and compared general clinical information, cerebrovascular risk factors, stroke history, antiplatelet medication use and MRI features between NIID patients with and without CMBs. We also performed haematoxylin and eosin, Perl’s, Congo red and Thioflavin S staining, ubiquitin, p62 and uN2CpolyG immunostaining on brain tissue obtained from four NIID patients.
A total of 354 CMBs were detected among 41 patients with NIID, with nearly half located in the deep brain, one-third in the lobes and ∼20% in the infratentorial area. No significant differences in cerebrovascular disease risk factors or history of antiplatelet drug use were observed between patients with and without CMBs. However, patients with CMBs had suffered a higher incidence of previous ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke events. This group also had a higher incidence of recent subcortical infarcts and a higher proportion of white matter lesions in the external capsule and temporal pole. Conversely, patients without CMBs showed higher detection of high signals at the corticomedullary junction on diffusion-weighted imaging and more pronounced brain atrophy.
Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed blood vessel leakage and haemosiderin-laden macrophage clusters, and Prussian blue staining revealed iron deposition in brain tissue. CMBs occurred more frequently in small vessels lacking intranuclear inclusions, and extensive degeneration of endothelial cells and smooth muscle fibres was observed mainly in vessels lacking inclusions. Congo red-positive amyloid deposition was observed in the cerebral vessels of NIID patients, with disordered filamentous fibres appearing under an electron microscope. Additionally, the co-localization of Thioflavin S-labelled amyloid and uN2CpolyG protein in the cerebral vascular walls of NIID patients further suggested that uN2CpolyG is the main pathogenic protein in this form of amyloid angiopathy.
In conclusion, we reviewed patients with GGC repeat expansion of NOTCH2NLC from a new perspective, providing initial clinical, neuroimaging and pathological evidence suggesting that uN2CpolyG might contribute to a distinct type of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Structure comparison of heme-binding sites in heme protein predicted by AlphaFold3 and AlphaFold2
Authors: Kondo Hiroko X , Takano Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
AlphaFold3 can predict protein–ligand complex structures. In this study, we examined the accuracy of prediction of heme–protein interactions by AlphaFold3. AlphaFold3 succeeded in predicting heme–protein interactions for most heme proteins except for those without homologous proteins in the Protein Data Bank. Our comparison of predictions by AlphaFold3 and AlphaFold2 suggests that heme–protein structures can be predicted from amino acid sequences of proteins alone using AlphaFold2.
Comparative Effectiveness of Licensed Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Influenza-related Medical Encounters and Hospitalizations in the 2022–2023 Influenza Season Among Adults ≥65 Years of Age
Authors: Ku Jennifer H , Rayens Emily , Sy Lina S , Qian Lei , Ackerson Bradley K , Luo Yi , Tubert Julia E , Lee Gina S , Modha Punam P , Park Yoonyoung , Sun Tianyu , Anderson Evan J , Tseng Hung Fu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Influenza causes substantial morbidity, particularly among older individuals. Updated data on the effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines in this population are needed.

Methods
At Kaiser Permanente Southern California, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of high-dose (HD), adjuvanted, and standard-dose (SD) cell-based influenza vaccines, relative to the SD egg-based vaccine. We included adults aged ≥65 years who received an influenza vaccine between 1 August 2022 and 31 December 2022, with follow-up up to 20 May 2023. Primary outcomes were: (1) influenza-related medical encounters and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza-related hospitalization. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). cVE (%) was calculated as (1—aHR) × 100 when aHR ≤1, and ([1/aHR]—1) × 100 when aHR &gt;1.

Results
Our study population (n = 495 119) was 54.9% female, 46.3% non-Hispanic White, with a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 69–79). Characteristics of all groups were well balanced after IPTW. Adjusted cVEs against influenza-related medical encounters in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based vaccine groups were 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: .9, 16.7), 16.9% (95% CI: 1.7, 29.8), and −6.3 (95% CI: −18.3, 6.9), respectively. Adjusted cVEs against PCR-confirmed hospitalization in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based groups were 25.1% (95% CI: .2, 43.8), 61.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 82.0), and 26.4% (95% CI: −18.3, 55.7), respectively.

Conclusions
Compared to the SD egg-based vaccine, HD and adjuvanted vaccines conferred additional protection against influenza-related outcomes in the 2022–2023 season in adults ≥65 years. Our results provide real-world evidence of the comparative effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines.
Variable success in linking micro- and macroevolution
Authors: Schluter Dolph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Attempts to predict macroevolution from microevolution, and microevolution from macroevolution, when natural selection is the main cause have met with varying success. Explanations for failure are numerous, but the reasons are uncertain even when a link is found. Here, I discuss possible explanations for outcomes of three efforts and ways to test them. First, quantitative genetic variation within populations often predicts directions of species divergence with surprising accuracy. Natural selection probably contributes to this pattern, but the evidence suggests that even long-term phenotypic evolution is influenced by enduring genetic biases. Second, the rate of evolution of reproductive isolation repeatedly fails to predict species diversification rates for unknown reasons. Suspicion falls on the influence of ecological and population demographic processes that might play a dominant role in the net rate of accumulation of species, an idea as yet little tested. Third, macroevolutionary patterns in the distribution of phenotypes of species in clades can in principle predict selection coefficients in diverging populations. I use the concept of adaptive landscape to suggest why the macroevolutionary signal of divergent selection is strongest at the time of splitting and why little information about selection coefficients from phylogenetic methods remains in the long run. Estimating adaptive landscapes from first principles would facilitate further efforts to link microevolution and macroevolution.
Inhibition of OLR1 Reduces SASP of Nucleus Pulposus Cells by Targeting Autophagy-GATA4 Axis
Authors: Gao Jia-Wei , Shi Hang , Gao Fu-Ping , Zhou Zhi-Min , Peng Xin , Sun Rui , Cabral Vladmir Lenine Ferreira , Li Jian , Wang Yun-Tao , Wang Xiao-Hu , Wu Xiao-Tao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Targeting cellular senescence and senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) through autophagy has emerged as a promising intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) treatment strategy in recent years. This study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of autophagy in preventing IVD SASP. Methods involved in vitro experiments with nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues from normal and IDD patients, as well as an in vivo IDD animal model. GATA4’s regulatory role in SASP was validated both in vitro and in vivo, while autophagy modulators were employed to assess their impact on GATA4 and SASP. Transcriptomic sequencing identified oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1) as a key regulator of autophagy and GATA4. A series of experiments manipulated OLR1 expression to investigate associated effects. Results demonstrated significantly increased senescent NP cells (NPCs) and compromised autophagy in IDD patients and animal models, with SASP closely linked to IDD progression. The aged disc milieu impeded autophagic GATA4 degradation, leading to elevated SASP expression in senescent NPCs. Restoring autophagy reversed senescence by degrading GATA4, hence disrupting the SASP cascade. Moreover, OLR1 was identified for its regulation of autophagy and GATA4 in senescent NPCs. Silencing OLR1 enhanced autophagic activity, suppressing GATA4-induced senescence, and SASP expression in senescent NPCs. In conclusion, OLR1 was found to control autophagy-GATA4 and SASP, with targeted OLR1 inhibition holding promise in alleviating GATA4-induced senescence and SASP expression while delaying extracellular matrix degradation, offering a novel therapeutic approach for IDD management.
Association of conventional cigarette smoking, heated tobacco product use and dual use with hypertension
Authors: Hu Huan , Nakagawa Tohru , Honda Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Mizoue Tetsuya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as alternatives to conventional cigarettes. However, their health effects remain largely unknown. This study aimed to prospectively explore the association between the use of cigarettes and HTPs and the risk of hypertension.

Methods
This cohort study analysed data from 30 152 workers (82.0% men, mean age 42.9 ± 11.0 years) who were initially free of hypertension, participating in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Participants were categorized into five groups based on their self-reported tobacco product use: never smokers, past smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive HTP users and dual users of cigarettes and HTPs. Hypertension cases were identified using three data points from annual health checkup data collected between 2019 and 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between tobacco product use and hypertension.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 2.6 years (range: 0.1–4.0 years), 3656 new cases of hypertension were identified. Compared with never smokers, the risk of hypertension was higher among exclusive cigarette smokers [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.41] and exclusive HTP users (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.34). There was also a suggestion of increased risk of hypertension among dual users (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98–1.38). Furthermore, the risk of hypertension increased with the intensity of cigarette/HTP use in all tobacco product users.

Conclusions
Similarly, both cigarette smoking and HTP use elevate the risk of hypertension. HTPs should not be regarded as less harmful alternatives to traditional cigarettes for preventing hypertension.