bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Photojournalism: The Changing Work Practices and Professionalism of Photojournalists in the Digital Age
Authors: Mäenpää Jenni 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Public service, ethics, objectivity, autonomy and immediacy are still often considered the core values of professional journalism. However, photojournalistic work has confronted historic changes since the advent of digitalization in the late 1980s. Professional photo-journalists have been caught manipulating news images, video production has become a major part of news photographers’ work, and newspapers freely publish photographs and videos taken by the general public.
The present article examines how news photographers negotiate these changes in photo-journalistic work practices, and how they define their professional ambitions in the digital age. Photojournalists’ articulations of professionalism are approached in relation to three digital innovations in photojournalism: digital photo editing, video production and user-generated images in newspapers. The empirical data consist of an online survey of and interviews with photojournalists in Finland. In the final analysis, it is suggested that the core ideals of photojournalism have to be renegotiated, because the work environment has changed drastically.
The Other Stance: Conflicting Professional Self-Images and Perceptions of the Other Profession Among Finnish PR Professionals and Journalists
Authors: Niskala Niina , Hurme Pertti 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Public relations (PR) professionals and journalists act as builders of societies’ communication atmospheres, and their inter-relationships are of importance. The aim of the present study is to describe and compare PR professionals’ and journalists’ professional self-images and perceptions of the other group's profession in Finland. The study is part of the ProfCom project and makes use of the project's Finnish quantitative questionnaire data. The results indicate clear perception differences. PR professionals identify themselves with bond- and trust-building objectives, whereas journalists perceive marketing and financial goals as the main objectives of PR professionals. Journalists identify themselves with information sharing, criticism and service roles, whereas PR professionals perceive opinion sharing, advising and informing about scandals as the main objectives of journalists. In addition, the study indicates a need for further research on the underlying reasons for conflicting perceptions and the effects of the developing Internet communication arena on relationships between professionals.
The Olympic Games: The Experience of a Lifetime or Simply the Most Important Competition of an Athletic Career?
Authors: Jensen Rune Dall , Christiansen Ask Vest , Henriksen Kristoffer 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
As a multi-sport event that only takes place every four years and is accompanied by intense media coverage, the Olympic Games are often described by athletes as a defining moment in their careers. The objectives of the present study were: 1) to describe differences in expectations of Olympic debutants towards the Olympics and their actual experiences while they were at the Games; and 2) to describe how the athletes negotiate the balance between performing at and enjoying the experience of the Olympic Games. Further, we will discuss the athletes' stories in light of the differences between the goals and expectations of the elite sport system and those of the individual athletes. Data was collected through a qualitative interview study with a pre- and post-Olympic competition design.
Using a semi-structured interview guide, we interviewed 14 Danish Olympic debutants about their Olympic goals and expectations within a month preceding their departure for the Olympic Games and about their actual experiences within a month following their return.
Condensed narratives from two Olympic debutants represent the spectrum of the athletes' expectations and experiences: one failed in his performance but had a great experience; the other was successful and won a silver medal but was truly unhappy with her experience. The debutants emphasize balancing their desire to perform with a desire for social experiences. They also discussed the challenges posed during preparation and goal setting.
Olympic debutants are caught in a very real dilemma between the Olympics as the “most important competition of their athletic careers” and “the Olympics as the experience of a lifetime.” This dilemma is linked to a wide rift between the perspectives and goals of the sport organization and those of the athletes.
Calcifying Fibrous Tumor of the Small Bowel Mesentery in a 27-Year Old Male Patient - Case Report
Authors: Wesecki Mariusz , Radziuk DaGmara , Niemiec Szymon , Waniczek Dariusz , Lorenc Zbigniew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCalcifying fibrous tumor is a rare disease entity, usually concerning the soft tissues of the limbs, neck, trunk, or scrotum. Cases of the above-mentioned pathology have also been reported considering the pleural and peritoneal cavity, and small bowel mesentery. The essence of the disease, whose etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear, is the fibrous tissue infiltration and diffuse inflammation with focal calcifications. The study presented a case of a 27-year old male patient subjected to surgical intervention, due to an abdominal cavity tumor. The tumor was radically removed, and its character and definitive diagnosis were established postoperatively. After a seven-year follow-up period, recurrence was not observed.
Du percept à la décision
Authors: Rimé Bernard 
Published: December 2014

Les émotions provoquent un important processus de partage social. Les individus parlent de leurs expériences émotionnelles avec leurs proches dans 80 à 95 % des cas. Contrairement à une conception courante, cette verbalisation ne permet pas de réduire l’impact de l’épisode. Toutefois, malgré cette absence d’effets libératoires, les individus rapportent d’importants bénéfices subjectifs à la suite du partage de l’émotion. Ces observations sont examinées à l’éclairage d’un modèle systémique de l’émotion. Selon ce modèle, une expérience émotionnelle négative résulte d’une infirmation des systèmes d’attentes et des modèles de la réalité de l’individu. Une double conséquence en résulte. Sur le plan cognitif, la dissonance cognitive motive la recherche de sens et la reconstruction des systèmes théoriques. Sur le plan socio-affectif, la déstabilisation de l’individu entraîne un état de détresse qui active le système d’attachement. Les deux effets engendrent le partage social de l’émotion. Cependant, les données montrent que tel qu’il se développe naturellement, le partage social de l’émotion favorise largement l’empathie et donc le volet socio-affectif de la résolution, négligeant ainsi le volet cognitif. Or la résorption de l’impact de l’émotion repose sur le traitement cognitif. Cette inclination de la dynamique interpersonnelle explique donc à la fois l’absence d’effets libératoires du partage social et les effets bénéfiques que les individus en retirent. Des simulations expérimentales démontrent qu’en infléchissant le partage social dans la direction cognitive ou dans la direction socio-affective, on favorisait respectivement la résorption de l’impact de l’émotion ou les effets d’intégration sociale.
Du percept à la décision
Authors: Lafortune Louise 
Published: December 2014

Les auteurs et auteures de l’ouvrage collectif Du percept à la décision : intégration de la cognition, l’émotion et la motivation s’entendent sur une position qui traverse l’ensemble des propos : cognition et émotion s’inter-influencent particulièrement dans le processus de prise de décision. Cette position est élaborée à travers une grande diversité de contextes comme l’orientation scolaire, la santé au travail, la peur des requins, le vieillissement, la situation d’examen, l’accompagnement d’un changement, etc. Elle est également précisée en utilisant des concepts variés associés aux émotions : par exemple, le partage social des émotions, le capital émotionnel, la compétence émotionnelle ou affective, l’intelligence émotionnelle, la modulation motivationnelle, les traces émotionnelles, etc. Dans l’introduction du présent ouvrage, Naceur souligne que les processus impliqués dans l’interaction entre les émotions et les activités cognitives ont donné lieu à de nombreuses recherches (De Bonis, 1998 ; Lazarus, 1984 ; Mandler, 1992 ; Schachter, 1964 ; Scherer, 2000). Selon lui, ces interactions sont souvent soulignées mais rarement étudiées. Il considère que tout modèle qui ne prend pas réellement en compte des processus émotionnels et motivationnels associés aux activités cognitives, demeure obsolète et ne parvient pas à atteindre la validité scientifique (Naceur, 2002 ; Naceur et Schiefele, 2005 ; Naceur et Masmoudi, 2008, cités dans Naceur, introduction). Il propose d’explorer davantage des théories cognitives de l’émotion et le présent ouvrage collectif en est un exemple. C’est en tenant compte de cette diversité complexe et complémentaire qu’un essai de conclusion est proposé. Cette conclusion vise d’abord à mettre en relation quelques propos, idées, propositions, théories, concepts, etc., utilisés pour que des perspectives associées à l’influence de la dimension affective sur le processus de prise de décision dans une perspective métacognitive, en découlent ensuite.
Hors du livre, avant le livre
Authors: Gantet Claire 
Published: December 2014

Bien que fondée sur l’imprimé, la culture savante allemande des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, telle qu’elle se donne à lire dans son organe privilégié – les périodiques savants – eut un rapport très ouvert au livre. Loin du statut presque canonisé qu’il acquit dans l’érudition du XIXe siècle, le livre était fragmenté au gré de recensions – parfois rédigées sans consultation du livre premier –, disséminé dans une discussion liant lettrés, éditeurs et lecteurs, et objet d’une lecture entrecoupée, sautant d’un renvoi à un autre. Le traitement numérique du vaste corpus des périodiques savants via la base de données de l’Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Göttingen permet, au-delà de l’érudition livresque limitée à tel auteur ou tel titre, de sonder les modalités de la constitution et la distribution du savoir, de renouveler par là notre connaissance et notre approche de la culture savante de l’Aufklärung.
Anti–IL-12/23 p40 Antibody Attenuates Experimental Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease via Suppression of IFN-γ/IL-17–Producing Cells
Authors: Okamoto Sachiyo , Fujiwara Hideaki , Nishimori Hisakazu , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Fujii Nobuharu , Kondo Eisei , Tanaka Takehiro , Yoshimura Akihiko , Tanimoto Mitsune , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of late death and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Recently, in addition to Th2 cells, Th1 and Th17 cells have been shown to contribute to chronic GVHD progression. IL-12 induces Th1 cells and IL-23 plays a role in stabilizing and/or amplifying Th17 cells, as well as in inducing IFN-γ/IL-17 double-producing cells. Because mAb targeting the p40 subunit common to both IL-12 and IL-23 can inhibit both IL-12R and IL-23R-mediated signaling, we investigated the effects of anti-p40 mAb on a well-defined chronic GVHD mice model. Treatment of anti-p40 mAb in allogeneic recipients significantly reduced the severity of clinical and pathological chronic GVHD. Intracellular staining revealed that IFN-γ single-positive (IL-17−) and IFN-γ/IL-17 double-positive cells were suppressed in anti-p40 mAb–treated allogeneic recipients compared with control recipients. The cytokine levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were also decreased in serum from anti-p40 mAb–treated allogeneic recipients. T-bet expression of donor IL-17+ CD4+ T cells was reduced significantly in anti-p40 mAb–treated recipients, and this reduction in T-bet expression was associated with IL-22 production by donor T cells. These results suggested that anti-p40 mAb attenuated chronic GVHD via suppression of IFN-γ/IL-17–producing cells, and that targeting the IL-12/IL-23 pathway may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating chronic GVHD.
Neutrophil Priming Occurs in a Sequential Manner and Can Be Visualized in Living Animals by Monitoring IL-1β Promoter Activation
Authors: Yao Yi , Matsushima Hironori , Ohtola Jennifer A. , Geng Shuo , Lu Ran , Takashima Akira 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Rapid enhancement of phagocyte functionality is a hallmark of neutrophil priming. GeneChip analyses unveiled elevated CD54, dectin-2, and IL-1β mRNA expression by neutrophils isolated from inflammatory sites. In fact, CD54 and dectin-2 protein expression was detected on neutrophils recovered from skin, peritoneal, and lung inflammation lesions but not on those in bone marrow or peripheral blood. Neutrophils increased CD54 and dectin-2 mRNA during migration in Boyden chambers and acquired CD54 and dectin-2 surface expression after subsequent exposure to GM-CSF. Neutrophils purified from IL-1β promoter-driven DsRed-transgenic mice acquired DsRed signals during cell migration or exposure to GM-CSF. CD54 and dectin-2 were expressed by DsRed+ (but not DsRed−) neutrophils in GM-CSF–supplemented cultures, and neutrophils recovered from inflammatory sites exhibited strong DsRed signals. The dynamic process of neutrophil priming was studied in chemically induced inflammatory skin lesions by monitoring DsRed expression using confocal microscopy. A majority (&gt;80%) of Ly6G+ neutrophils expressed DsRed, and those DsRed+/Ly6G+ cells exhibited crawling motion with a higher velocity compared with their DsRed−/Ly6G+ counterparts. This report unveils motile behaviors of primed neutrophils in living animals. We propose that neutrophil priming occurs in a sequential manner with rapid enhancement of phagocyte functionality, followed by CD54 and dectin-2 mRNA and protein expression, IL-1β promoter activation, and accelerated motility. Not only do these findings provide a new conceptual framework for our understanding of the process of neutrophil priming, they also unveil new insights into the pathophysiology of many inflammatory disorders that are characterized by neutrophil infiltration.
Antioxidant properties of pancreatic hydrolysates from various protein sources
Authors: Bayarjargal M , Ariunsaikhan Ts , Lkhagvamaa E , Ankhtsetseg B , Gan-Erdene T , Regdel D 
Published: December 2014

Antioxidant activity of pancreatic hydrolysates of casein, spent brewer’s yeast, bovine liver and tendon was evaluated in comparison to unhydrolised substrates by ABTS assay. In the result of enzymic treatment ABTS cation radical scavenging activity of spent brewer’s yeast, bovine liver and bovine tendon was increased in 4.8, 3.3, and 2.3 times respectively, except casein. The IC50 values of ABTS cation radical scavenging for casein and it’s hydrolysate were similar. The IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging activity for pancreatic hydrolysates of casein, spent brewer’s yeast, bovine liver and tendon were 1.8±0.1 mg/ml, 1.3±0.1 mg/ml, 1.7±0.1 mg/ml, and 6.2±0.1 mg/ml respectively. Above mentioned hydrolysates of various origin were produced at the same conditions (temperature 50oC, pH 7.5-8.9, duration 5 hours) using fresh bovine pancreatic tissue as an enzyme source. The extent of hydrolysis expressed as AN/TN (amino nitrogen/total nitrogen) for hydrolysates had values from 0.36±0.02 to 0.46±0.04.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.321 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p43-46
Biological reduction of hexavalent chromium and mechanism analysis of detoxification by enterobacter sp. HT1 isolated from tannery effluents, Mongolia
Authors: Marjangul N , Enkh-Amgalan J , Lei Zongfang , Zhang Zhenya 
Published: December 2014

Enterobacter sp. HT1, Cr (VI) resistant bacterial strain was isolated from the wastewater sample of the tannery in Mongolia. Batch experiments on hexavalent chromium removal was carried out at 10, 20, and 30 mg/L of Cr (VI) added as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), at pH 7 and temperature of 30 °C using pure culture of Enterobacter sp. HT1 as inoculum. The isolated HT1 is capable of reduction nearly 100% of Cr (VI) resulting in the decrease of Cr (VI) from 10 to 0.2 mg/L within 20 hours. When the concentration of Cr (VI) increased to 20 and 30mg/L, almost complete reduction of Cr (VI) could achieve after 72 and 96 hours, respectively.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.322 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p47-52
Enzymatic technology for Sea buckthorn oil extraction and its biochemical analysis
Authors: Munkhbayar D , Ariuntungalag J , Delgersuuri G , Badamkhand D 
Published: December 2014

A research was conducted mix five Sea buckthorn berries harvested Mongolian Central Zone, and an integrated processing composed of an enzymatic unit operation and pulp oil and raw juice have been produced by centrifugal technology. For the extraction of Sea buckthorn oil, pectinase were used simultaneously hydrolyze Sea buckthorn berry pulp. In this study, the following commercial enzymes were evaluated in the enzymatic extraction of oil and raw juice from Sea buckthorn berry: Pectinase. Pectinase dose of 0.5 %, extraction time 120 minutes, hydrolysis temperature 55°C were found optimum, and maximum oilyieldof 5.0 - 5.1 % was achieved under these conditions, and the recovery of the optimized extraction process was calculated to 95.7 – 98.0 % based on 5.2 %theoreticaloil content of sea buckthorn fruit. In addition, physical and biochemical compositions of Sea buckthorn pulp oil was analyzed modern methods as HPLC, Spectrophotometer, Gravimeter, Pycnometer and Refractometers. Fatty acids by HPLC were identified in Pulp oil, mainly including 42,5% palmitoleic acid, 11.2 % linoleic acid, 1.2 % linolenic acid, 12.3% oleic acid, and unsaturated fatty acids occupied 70.9% of the total fatty acids. In conclusion, the enzymatic extraction process has thebenefitsof mild conditions, safe, fast for oil extraction, high yield, and pure juice after oil extraction.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.325 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p62-65
Antioxidant activity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mongolian airag
Authors: Uugantsetseg E , Batjargal B 
Published: December 2014

This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from airag. In this study, 42 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Mongolian airag. All isolates were identified by using morphological, biochemical and physiological methods. The isolated bacteria were studied for antagonistic effects on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, 22 strains showed antibacterial activity. When we examined their probiotic properties such as bile acid tolerance and gastric acid tolerance, it is shown that only 6 bacterial strains can survive up to 3 hours in a pH 3.0 acid environment and up to 8 hours in 0.3% bile acid environment. Selected probiotic strains were further identified to species by API 50CHL system. Antioxidant activity of probiotic strains were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. While the antioxidant activity in cell free supernatant fluctuated between the range of 26.1-38.4%, the antioxidant activity after 72 hours of fermentation in the whey fraction was between 17.23-55.12%. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.327 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p73-78
Biocatalytic properties of horseradish root extract peroxidase (HRP)
Authors: Purev D , Bayarmaa J , Tsevelmaa S , Zolzaya A 
Published: December 2014

The objective of the present work was to examine biocatalytic properties of peroxidase in horseradish acclimatized in our country. We have found that horseradish root extract’s peroxidase (HRP) has Km 2.5 mM and Vmax 5.36 mM·s-1. Maximum activity (pHopt) was estimated at pH 6.0 and enzyme is more stable in alkali, than in acid. The optimum temperature (Topt) for HRP is 40oC and the enzyme is not stable to temperature influence. The horseradish root’s extract retains enzymatic activity within 21 days. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.332 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p101-103
Aseismic slip and seismogenic coupling along the central San Andreas Fault
Authors: Jolivet R. , Simons M. , Agram P. S. , Duputel Z. , Shen Z.‐K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe use high‐resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar‐ and GPS‐derived observations of surface displacements to derive the first probabilistic estimates of fault coupling along the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault, in between the terminations of the 1857 and 1906 magnitude 7.9 earthquakes. Using a fully Bayesian approach enables unequaled resolution and allows us to infer a high probability of significant fault locking along the creeping section. The inferred discreet locked asperities are consistent with evidence for magnitude 6+ earthquakes over the past century in this area and may be associated with the initiation phase of the 1857 earthquake. As creeping segments may be related to the initiation and termination of seismic ruptures, such distribution of locked and creeping asperities highlights the central role of the creeping section on the occurrence of major earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault.
Eddy‐mediated transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water across the Antarctic Shelf Break
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) modulates ventilation of the abyssal ocean via the export of dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and constrains shoreward transport of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) toward marine‐terminating glaciers. Along certain stretches of the continental shelf, particularly where AABW is exported, density surfaces connect the shelf waters to the middepth Circumpolar Deep Water offshore, offering a pathway for mesoscale eddies to transport CDW directly onto the continental shelf. Using an eddy‐resolving process model of the ASF, the authors show that mesoscale eddies can supply a dynamically significant transport of heat and mass across the continental shelf break. The shoreward transport of surface waters is purely wind driven, while the shoreward CDW transport is entirely due to mesoscale eddy transfer. The CDW flux is sensitive to all aspects of the model's surface forcing and geometry, suggesting that shoreward eddy heat transport may be localized to favorable sections of the continental slope.