bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10-year outcome study of an early intervention program for psychosis compared with standard care service
Authors: Chan S. K. W. , So H. C. , Hui C. L. M. , Chang W. C. , Lee E. H. M. , Chung D. W. S. , Tso S. , Hung S. F. , Yip K. C. , Dunn E. , Chen E. Y. H. 
Published: September 2014

Background.Despite evidence on the short-term benefits of early intervention (EI) service for psychosis, long-term outcome studies are limited by inconsistent results. This study examined the 10-year outcomes of patients with first-episode psychosis who received 2-year territory-wide EI service compared to those who received standard care (SC) in Hong Kong using an historical control design.Method.Consecutive patients who received the EI service between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2002, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, were identified and matched with patients who received SC first presented to the public psychiatric service from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001. In total, 148 matched pairs of patients were identified. Cross-sectional information on symptomatology and functioning was obtained through semi-structured interview; longitudinal information on hospitalization, functioning, suicide attempts, mortality and relapse over 10 years was obtained from clinical database. There were 70.3% (N = 104) of SC and 74.3% (N = 110) of EI patients interviewed.Results.Results suggested that EI patients had reduced suicide rate (χ2(1) = 4.35, p = 0.037), fewer number [odds ratio (OR) 1.56, χ2 = 15.64, p < 0.0001] and shorter duration of hospitalization (OR 1.29, χ2 = 4.06, p = 0.04), longer employment periods (OR −0.28, χ2 = 14.64, p < 0.0001) and fewer suicide attempts (χ2 = 11.47, df = 1, p = 0.001) over 10 years. At 10 years, no difference was found in psychotic symptoms, symptomatic remission and functional recovery.Conclusions.The short-term benefits of the EI service on number of hospitalizations and employment was sustained after service termination, but the differences narrowed down. This suggests the need to evaluate the optimal duration of the EI service.
Constructing Inequality: Deserving and Undeserving Clients in Austrian Social Assistance Offices
Authors: ALTREITER CARINA , LEIBETSEDER BETTINA 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe social constructions formed of target groups, which are used to justify the allotment of benefits and obligations, are now being discussed in organisations at street level. Using qualitative interview data from eight municipalities, the article examines how the local social construction of deservingness constrains frontline work. In comparing everyday practices for checking eligibility and altering a recipient's behaviour, the study found four distinctive administrative practices. Standardised administrations represent their clients as deserving, and engage with the recipients in a service-oriented way. Semi-standardised administrations aim at rightful payment, but construct deserving and undeserving groups, subjecting the latter to behavioural change. Disciplining administrations create all clients as undeserving and emphasise control. Poor relief administrations withhold social rights for the undeserving and provide paternalistic support for the deserving. Local conceptions of (un)deservingness severely affect social citizenship and are thus crucial to understanding and detecting the impact of social policy reform.
Toxins and virulence factors of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliassociated with strains isolated from indigenous children and international visitors to a rural community in Guatemala
Authors: TORRES O. R. , GONZÁLEZ W. , LEMUS O. , PRATDESABA R. A. , MATUTE J. A. , WIKLUND G. , SACK D. A. , BOURGEOIS A. L. , SVENNERHOLM A-M. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYDiarrhoea remains a common cause of illness in Guatemala, with children suffering most frequently from the disease. This study directly compared the frequency, enterotoxin, and colonization factor (CF) profiles of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) strains isolated from children living in a rural community in Guatemala and from Western visitors to the same location during the same seasons, using similar detection methodologies. We found that ETEC accounted for 26% of severe cases of diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalization, 15% of diarrhoea in the community, and 29% of travellers' diarrhoea in visitors staying ⩾2 weeks. The toxin and CF patterns of the ETEC strains isolated from both groups differed significantly (P< 0·0005) as determined byχ2= 60·39 for CFs andχ2= 35 for toxins, while ETEC phenotypes found in Guatemalan children were comparable to those found in children from other areas of the world.
Seroepidemiology of varicella-zoster virus in Korean adolescents and adults using fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test
Authors: HAN S. B. , KANG K. R. , HUH D. H. , LEE H. C. , KIM J. H. , KANG J. H. , MA S. H. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe conducted a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study in 2012–2013 to determine the seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in adolescents and adults living in Korea, where varicella vaccination has been recommended universally at age 12–15 months since 2005. Residual serum samples were collected from 1196 healthy adults and adolescents aged ⩾10 years between November 2012 and March 2013. The fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to determine the seroprevalence of VZV. The seroprevalences of VZV were compared between six age groups: 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and ⩾60 years. The seroprevalence of VZV in the entire study cohort was 99·1% according to the FAMA test and 93·1% as determined by ELISA. The seroprevalences of the six age groups were as follows: 96·0%, 99·5%, 99·5%, 99·5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, by the FAMA test, and 83·3%, 93·0%, 93·0%, 97·5%, 94·5%, and 97·5%, respectively, by ELISA. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age (P< 0·001); moreover, the seroprevalence in subjects aged 10–19 years was significantly lower than in other age groups (P< 0·001), as measured by both the FAMA test and ELISA. Thus, strategies to increase protective immunity against VZV in teenagers are necessary.
AUTHENTICITY AND NON-STANDARD SPEECH INGREAT EXPECTATIONS
Authors: Sönmez Margaret J-M. 
Published: September 2014

Susan L. Ferguson shows how Victorian novelistsused the reported speech of their characters to create a “ficto-linguistics” wherein “the systems of language that appear in novels . . . indicate identifiable alternative patterns congruent to other aspects of the fictional world” (1). These novels present self-contained systems, she says, in which “speech relates in style as well as content to the speech of other characters, [and] all quoted language in a novel is contained within and potentially interacts with the language of the narrator” (1). Ferguson's interpretation of novelistic speech enables more convincing analyses of reported dialect speech than earlier efforts, which compared them directly to real-life dialects – a tendency that itself reflects the “grand narrative” of “authenticism” (Sanchez-Arce) – and which assumed that discrepancies and inconsistencies were stylistic weaknesses due, for instance, to over-sentimentality or “lowness” (Quirk 5), or to the writer being reluctant to depict virtuous characters as speaking non-standard English, regardless of the likelihood or possibility that characters from badly educated backgrounds would speak anything else.
THE NEW OTHER VICTORIANS: THE SUCCESS (AND FAILURE) OF QUEER THEORY IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH STUDIES
Authors: Kaye Richard A. 
Published: September 2014

Much of the critical writingon Queer Theory and Sexuality Studies in a Victorian context over the last decade or so has been absorbing, exploring, complicating, and working under the burden of the influence of Michel Foucault's theoretical writings on erotic relations and identity. The first volume of Foucault'sThe History of Sexuality(1978), in fact, had begun with a gauntlet thrown down before Victorian Studies, a chapter-long critique of Steven Marcus'sThe Other Victorians(1966), a work that had offered an entirely new and at the time, quite bold avenue of exploring nineteenth-century culture – namely, through the pornographic imagination that Marcus taxonomized with precise, clinical flair as a “pornotopia” in which “all men . . . are always infinitely potent; all women fecundate with lust and flow inexhaustibly with sap or both. Everyone is always ready for everything” (276). In Foucault's telling, however, Marcus demonstrated a theoretically impoverished faith in Freudian models of “repression” in Marcus's examination of “underground” Victorian sexualities. It was Marcus's reliance on the “repressive fallacy,” his conviction that there existed a demarcated spatial and psychic Victorian counter-world thatThe History of Sexualityhad so forcefully undermined.
Predicting use of effective vegetable parenting practices with the Model of Goal Directed Behavior
Authors: Diep Cassandra S , Beltran Alicia , Chen Tzu-An , Thompson Debbe , O’Connor Teresia , Hughes Sheryl , Baranowski Janice , Baranowski Tom 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo model effective vegetable parenting practices using the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices construct scales.DesignAn Internet survey was conducted with parents of pre-school children to assess their agreement with effective vegetable parenting practices and Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices items. Block regression modelling was conducted using the composite score of effective vegetable parenting practices scales as the outcome variable and the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices constructs as predictors in separate and sequential blocks: demographics, intention, desire (intrinsic motivation), perceived barriers, autonomy, relatedness, self-efficacy, habit, anticipated emotions, perceived behavioural control, attitudes and lastly norms. Backward deletion was employed at the end for any variable not significant at P<0·05.SettingHouston, TX, USA.SubjectsThree hundred and seven parents (mostly mothers) of pre-school children.ResultsSignificant predictors in the final model in order of relationship strength included habit of active child involvement in vegetable selection, habit of positive vegetable communications, respondent not liking vegetables, habit of keeping a positive vegetable environment and perceived behavioural control of having a positive influence on child’s vegetable consumption. The final model’s adjusted R2 was 0·486.ConclusionsThis was the first study to test scales from a behavioural model to predict effective vegetable parenting practices. Further research needs to assess these Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices scales for their (i) predictiveness of child consumption of vegetables in longitudinal samples and (ii) utility in guiding design of vegetable parenting practices interventions.
Catchment-scale biogeography of riverine bacterioplankton
Authors: Read Daniel S , Gweon Hyun S , Bowes Michael J , Newbold Lindsay K , Field Dawn , Bailey Mark J , Griffiths Robert I 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Lotic ecosystems such as rivers and streams are unique in that they represent a continuum of both space and time during the transition from headwaters to the river mouth. As microbes have very different controls over their ecology, distribution and dispersion compared with macrobiota, we wished to explore biogeographical patterns within a river catchment and uncover the major drivers structuring bacterioplankton communities. Water samples collected across the River Thames Basin, UK, covering the transition from headwater tributaries to the lower reaches of the main river channel were characterised using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. This approach revealed an ecological succession in the bacterial community composition along the river continuum, moving from a community dominated by Bacteroidetes in the headwaters to Actinobacteria-dominated downstream. Location of the sampling point in the river network (measured as the cumulative water channel distance upstream) was found to be the most predictive spatial feature; inferring that ecological processes pertaining to temporal community succession are of prime importance in driving the assemblages of riverine bacterioplankton communities. A decrease in bacterial activity rates and an increase in the abundance of low nucleic acid bacteria relative to high nucleic acid bacteria were found to correspond with these downstream changes in community structure, suggesting corresponding functional changes. Our findings show that bacterial communities across the Thames basin exhibit an ecological succession along the river continuum, and that this is primarily driven by water residence time rather than the physico-chemical status of the river.
Effects of ecological engineered oxygenation on the bacterial community structure in an anoxic fjord in western Sweden
Authors: Forth Michael , Liljebladh Bengt , Stigebrandt Anders , Hall Per O J , Treusch Alexander H 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Oxygen-depleted bodies of water are becoming increasingly common in marine ecosystems. Solutions to reverse this trend are needed and under development, for example, by the Baltic deep-water OXygenation (BOX) project. In the framework of this project, the Swedish Byfjord was chosen for a pilot study, investigating the effects of an engineered oxygenation on long-term anoxic bottom waters. The strong stratification of the water column of the Byfjord was broken up by pumping surface water into the deeper layers, triggering several inflows of oxygen-rich water and increasing oxygen levels in the lower water column and the benthic zone up to 110 μmol l−1.We used molecular ecologic methods to study changes in bacterial community structure in response to the oxygenation in the Byfjord. Water column samples from before, during and after the oxygenation as well as from two nearby control fjords were analyzed. Our results showed a strong shift in bacterial community composition when the bottom water in the Byfjord became oxic. Initially dominant indicator species for oxygen minimum zones such as members of the SUP05 clade declined in abundance during the oxygenation event and nearly vanished after the oxygenation was accomplished. In contrast, aerobic species like SAR11 that initially were restricted to surface waters could later be detected deep into the water column. Overall, the bacterial community in the formerly anoxic bottom waters changed to a community structure similar to those found in oxic waters, showing that an engineered oxygenation of a large body of anoxic marine water is possible and emulates that of a natural oxygenation event.
Prediction of post-earthquake depressive and anxiety symptoms: a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Long Jinyi , Huang Xiaoqi , Liao Yi , Hu Xinyu , Hu Junmei , Lui Su , Zhang Rui , Li Yuanqing , Gong Qiyong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNeurobiological markers of stress symptom progression for healthy survivors from a disaster (e.g., an earthquake) would greatly help with early intervention to prevent the development of stress-related disorders. However, the relationship between the neurobiological alterations and the symptom progression over time is unclear. Here, we examined 44 healthy survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China in a longitudinal resting-state fMRI study to observe the alterations of brain functions related to depressive or anxiety symptom progression. Using multi-variate pattern analysis to the fMRI data, we successfully predicted the depressive or anxiety symptom severity for these survivors in short- (25 days) and long-term (2 years) and the symptom severity changes over time. Several brain areas (e.g., the frontolimbic and striatal areas) and the functional connectivities located within the fronto-striato-thalamic and default-mode networks were found to be correlated with the symptom progression and might play important roles in the adaptation to trauma.
Older and Younger Adult Cochlear Implant Users: Speech Recognition in Quiet and Noise, Quality of Life, and Music Perception
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Zappler Amanda 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
To determine whether older cochlear implant (CI) listeners differ from younger CI listeners on measures of speech understanding, music perception, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In the study, the authors hypothesized that speech recognition would be more difficult for older adults, especially in noisy conditions. Performance on music perception was expected to be lower for older implanted listeners. No differences between age groups were expected on HRQoL.

Method
Twenty older (>60 years) and 20 younger (<60 years) implanted adults participated. Speech understanding was assessed using words and sentences presented in quiet, and sentences presented at +15, +10, and +5 dB signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Music perception was tested using the University of Washington Clinical Assessment of Music, and HRQoL was measured using the Njimegen CI survey.

Results
Speech understanding was significantly lower for the older compared with the younger group in all conditions. Older implanted adults showed lower performance on music perception compared with younger implanted adults on 1 of 3 subtests. Older adults reported lower HRQoL benefit than younger adults on 3 of 6 subdomains.

Conclusion
Data indicate that older CI listeners performed more poorly than younger CI listeners, although group differences appear to be task specific.
Self‐aligning silicon interposer tiles and silicon bridges for large nanophotonics enabled systems
Authors: Yang H.S. , Zhang C. , Bakir M.S. 
Published: September 2014

A two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional (2.5D) platform for enabling silicon nano‐photonics and dense electrical interconnections between interposers in a tile‐like configuration is presented. Three 20 × 20 mm silicon interposer tiles are assembled directly on an FR4 printed wiring board (PWB), and two 6 × 20 mm silicon bridges are assembled on top of the interposer tiles. Accurate alignment of interposer tiles to bridges, an important metric in enabling highly efficient optical coupling, is provided using positive self‐alignment structures (PSASs). It is demonstrated that by using PSAS on two silicon substrates, sub‐micron alignment between substrates is possible; in the cascaded configuration involving FR4, <5 μm alignment accuracy is obtained. In addition, electrical interconnection via a bridge using mechanically flexible interconnects (MFIs) is demonstrated, which made non‐bonding interconnections from one interposer tile to another via a silicon bridge, allowing silicon bridges as well as the interposer tiles to be replaced. Total silicon interposer area available is 960 mm2.
Frequency selectivity without resonance in a fluid waveguide
Authors: van der Heijden Marcel 
Published: September 2014

Significance
This work describes a simple waveguide that not only carries fluid waves, but also performs a spectral analysis. When driven by a complex input that contains several frequency components, it will spatially separate those components, in analogy to the separation of white light by a prism. The frequency tuning of the waveguide is not based on resonance, but on wave dispersion: Each wave has its own region in which it undergoes a steep deceleration, causing it to focus its energy and deliver it. This method of spectral analysis has not been described before. The waveguide bears a striking resemblance to the inner ear of mammals, both in terms of structure and behavior.
Evaluation of a New Monochloramine Generation System for ControllingLegionellain Building Hot Water Systems
Authors: Duda Scott , Kandiah Sheena , Stout Janet E. , Baron Julianne L. , Yassin Mohamed , Fabrizio Marie , Ferrelli Juliet , Hariri Rahman , Wagener Marilyn M. , Goepfert John , Bond James , Hannigan Joseph , Rogers Denzil 
Published: September 2014

Objective.To evaluate the efficacy of a new monochloramine generation system for control ofLegionellain a hospital hot water distribution systemSetting.A 495-bed tertiary care hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The hospital has 12 floors covering approximately 78,000 m2.Methods.The hospital hot water system was monitored for a total of 29 months, including a 5-month baseline sampling period prior to installation of the monochloramine system and 24 months of surveillance after system installation (postdisinfection period). Water samples were collected for microbiological analysis (Legionellaspecies,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacterspecies, nitrifying bacteria, heterotrophic plate count [HPC] bacteria, and nontuberculous mycobacteria). Chemical parameters monitored during the investigation included monochloramine, chlorine (free and total), nitrate, nitrite, total ammonia, copper, silver, lead, and pH.Results.A significant reduction inLegionelladistal site positivity was observed between the pre- and postdisinfection periods, with positivity decreasing from an average of 53% (baseline) to an average of 9% after monochloramine application (P> .05). Although geometric mean HPC concentrations decreased by approximately 2 log colony-forming units per milliliter during monochloramine treatment, we did not observe significant changes in other microbial populations.Conclusions.This is the first evaluation in the United States of a commercially available monochloramine system installed on a hospital hot water system forLegionelladisinfection, and it demonstrated a significant reduction inLegionellacolonization. Significant increases in microbial populations or other negative effects previously associated with monochloramine use in large municipal cold water systems were not observed.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2014;35(11):1356–1363