bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the implementation of control (supervisory) activities in the field of the technical condition of self-propelled machines and other types of equipment by the State Technical Supervision bodies of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lomov Ivan Sergeevich 
Published: July 2024

The year 2024 is a natural continuation of the reform of control (supervisory) activities, which began in 2020 in the Russian Federation. The concept of improving control (supervision) activities adopted by the Ministry of Economic Development until 2026 defined the final "philosophy" of control (supervision). It immediately became clear that the implementation of certain control (supervisory) functions is not possible without the reform of the activities of individual executive authorities performing these functions. The subject of our research is the specifics of the control (supervisory) activities of the State Technical Supervision bodies of the Russian Federation in 2024 under the conditions of the moratorium and the development of the concept of improving control (supervisory) activities until 2026. Our article aims to propose approaches that allow for the integration of supervision of self-propelled vehicles into a new reality aimed at reducing the pressure of the state, as a power machine, on economic entities. In addition, the subject of the study also includes the definition of generally applicable signs, tasks and principles of control (supervision). The definition of similarities and differences between the concepts of "control" and "supervision" does not remain without attention of the author. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposed ways to change the current activities of Gostekhnadzor bodies related to the implementation of control (supervision) in the field of the technical condition of self-propelled machines and other types of equipment, namely, amendments to the current legislation of the Russian Federation regulating this area. An important conclusion of the study should be the identification of the inapplicability of a risk-based approach to all types of control (supervision). In addition, we propose a structure of general requirements for the organization and supervision of self-propelled vehicles, as well as a change in the current version of Article 9.3 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, corresponding to new realities and allowing, within the framework of a "permanent raid", to bring to administrative responsibility drivers of self-propelled vehicles that violate mandatory requirements in the field of their technical condition.
San Diego's Area Coordinator System: A Disaster Preparedness Model for US Nursing Homes
Authors: Blake Sarah C. , Howard David H. , Eiring Hilary , Tarde Scott 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAlmost 2 million Americans rely on nursing homes for care, and many require daily or near daily contact with the health care system to remain alive and functional. In October 2007, Southern California experienced a series of wildfires that burned over 500 000 acres and caused 14 nursing homes to evacuate more than 1200 residents. In response to this event, nursing home administrators and officials from various health care and emergency management agencies in San Diego County collaborated to form a model for nursing home emergency preparedness. This report describes the model, known as the area coordinator system, and discusses its strengths and limitations, and whether it ought to be replicated in other areas of the country.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:424-427)
An Ullmann CO Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Magnetic Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Shuliang , Wu Cunqi , Zhou Hua , Yang Yanqin , Zhao Yongxia , Wang Chenxu , Yang Wei , Xu Jingwei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHerein, an efficient method for the Ullmann CO coupling reaction between various kinds of phenols and aryl halides, including amino, ketone, cyano, methyl, methoxy, fluoro, chloro and bromo derivatives, is described. The catalyst used, copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles, are easily made, air‐stable, and of low cost. The catalyst can be recycled easily just by using an external magnet. Even in the presence of sensitive substituents, the reaction proceeds successfully to provide the desired products in high yields without protection of other functional groups.
Association of brain functional magnetic resonance activity with response to tumor necrosis factor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rech Juergen , Hess Andreas , Finzel Stephanie , Kreitz Silke , Sergeeva Marina , Englbrecht Matthias , Doerfler Arnd , Saake Marc , Schett Georg 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether brain activity predicts the response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Since clinical and laboratory parameters have proven unsuccessful in predicting response, we followed a radically different concept, hypothesizing that response to TNFi depends on central nervous system activity rather than the clinical signs of disease.MethodsSequential testing by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, anatomic MRI of the hand, and clinical assessment of arthritis were carried out in 10 patients with active RA before and 3, 7, and 28 days after the start of TNFi treatment.ResultsBaseline demographic and disease‐specific parameters were identical in TNFi responders and nonresponders. The mean ± SEM decrease in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints after 28 days was −1.8 ± 0.3 in TNFi responders (n = 5) and −0.2 ± 0.1 in nonresponders (n = 5). Responders showed significantly higher baseline activation in thalamic, limbic, and associative areas of the brain than nonresponders. Moreover, brain activity decreased within 3 days after TNFi exposure in the responders, preceding clinical responses (day 7) and responses observed on the anatomic hand MRI (day 28).ConclusionThese data suggest that response to TNFi depends on brain activity in RA patients, reflecting the subjective perception of disease.
Type II collagen–specific antibodies induce cartilage damage in mice independent of inflammation
Authors: Croxford Allyson M. , Whittingham Senga , McNaughton Donald , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard , Rowley Merrill J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveMurine collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA), like collagen‐induced arthritis, has clinical and immunopathologic features that parallel those in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to examine the effects of autoantibodies to type II collagen (CII) on articular cartilage in the paws of mice, under conditions in which other factors that may influence joint pathology could be excluded.MethodsMice of 2 different strains, B10.QC5δ and the parental strain B10.Q, were injected intravenously with either saline or arthritogenic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to CII. B10.QC5δ mice lack complement factor C5 and do not develop CAIA when injected with arthritogenic mAb, whereas B10.Q mice have C5 and develop CAIA when administered the mAb and a subsequent injection of lipopolysaccharide. Three days after injection the paws of the mice were examined by standard histologic methods to assess morphologic appearance and proteoglycan loss, and by synchrotron‐enhanced Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy to assess chemical evidence of structural change.ResultsNo macroscopic or microscopic signs of inflammation were evident in the mice. However, in contrast to the saline‐injected controls, all mAb‐injected mice exhibited cartilage damage in all joints, with loss of proteoglycans and collagen, chondrocyte hyperplasia and/or loss, and surface damage in the interphalangeal joints.ConclusionThe implication of these findings is that an autoimmune response to CII can disrupt articular cartilage, particularly that of the small joints, and the subsequent integrity of the cartilage depends on a balance between breakdown and repair. This has relevance with regard to RA, in which such autoantibodies occur but the inflammatory response may dominate clinically and mask underlying features of the autoimmune response.
On the Controversial Fitting of Susceptibility Curves of Ferromagnetic CuII Cubanes: Insights from Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Calzado Carmen J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper reports a theoretical analysis of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of a tetranuclear CuII complex, [Cu4(HL)4], which has a 4+2 cubane‐like structure (H3L=N,N′‐(2‐hydroxypropane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(acetylacetoneimine)). These theoretical calculations indicate a quintet (S=2) ground state; the energy‐level distribution of the magnetic states confirm Heisenberg behaviour and correspond to an S4 spin–spin interaction model. The dominant interaction is the ferromagnetic coupling between the pseudo‐dimeric units (J1=22.2 cm−1), whilst a weak and ferromagnetic interaction is found within the pseudo‐dimeric units (J2=1.4 cm−1). The amplitude and sign of these interactions are consistent with the structure and arrangement of the magnetic Cu 3d orbitals; they accurately simulate the thermal dependence of magnetic susceptibility, but do not agree with the reported J values (J1=38.4 cm−1, J2=−18.0 cm−1) that result from the experimental fitting. This result is not an isolated case; many other polynuclear systems, in particular 4+2 CuII cubanes, have been reported in which the fitted magnetic terms are not consistent with the geometrical features of the system. In this context, theoretical evaluation can be considered as a valuable tool in the interpretation of the macroscopic behaviour, thus providing clues for a rational and directed design of new materials with specific properties.
Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Mortierella alpina Using Submerse and Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Stressler Timo , Eisele Thomas , Rost Johanna , Haunschild Eva‐Maria , Kuhn Andreas , Fischer Lutz 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new isolate of Mortierella alpina, &&num;62; 98 % identical with M. alpina ATCC 16266, was cultivated in a defined glucose‐based medium with three organic nitrogen sources (glycine, urea and Na‐L‐glutamate) at three different concentrations in shaking flasks at 20 °C. The results were compared to the cultivation in complex medium with yeast extract as nitrogen source. In the defined media, high yields of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and arachidonic acid (ARA), respectively, were obtained with Na‐L‐glutamate. However, the absolute highest yields of PUFA and ARA were measured with the yeast extract medium. An optimized yeast extract complex medium was used for a submerse bioreactor cultivation in a 45‐L scale. Furthermore, M. alpina was cultivated in a solid state fermenter, using an oat bran water mixture as substrate.
Photocatalytic Degradation of 17α‐Ethinylestradiol and Inactivation of Escherichia coli Using Ag‐Modified TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Mao Kai , Li Yi , Zhang Houhu , Zhang Wenlong , Yan Wenming 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAg‐modified TiO2 nanotube arrays (Ag/TiO2 NAs) were prepared and employed as a photocatalyst for degradation of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) and inactivation of Escherichia coli. The as‐synthesized Ag/TiO2 NAs were characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that metallic Ag nanoparticles were firmly deposited on the TiO2 NAs with the pore diameter of 100 nm and the length of 550 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of EE2 and inactivation of E. coli were enhanced effectively in an analogical trend using Ag/TiO2 NAs. In particular, Ag/TiO2 NAs exhibited the antimicrobial activity even in the absence of light. The Ag acted as a disinfection agent as well as the dopant of the modified TiO2 NAs photocatalysis by forming a Schottky barrier on the surface of TiO2 NAs. Inorganic ions suppressed the rates of photocatalytic degradation of EE2, with HCO having a more pronounced effect than NO or SO. Humic acid (HA) was found to increase the rate of EE2 degradation.
Analyzing Effects of Shrub Canopy on Throughfall and Phreatic Water Using Water Isotopes, Western China
Authors: Liu Yuhong , Xu Zhen , Liu Fude , Wang Lixin , An Shuqing , Liu Shirong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlpine shrub Quercus aquifolioides was selected to study the effects of shrub canopy on throughfall and phreatic water by analyzing the isotopic time series of precipitation, canopy throughfall and phreatic water and examining correlations among these series in Wolong Nature Reserve, Western China. Based on analysis of precipitation data in 2003, the local meteoric water line during the rainy season was δD = 8.28 × δ18O + 8.93, and the primary precipitation moisture in this region originated from the Pacific Ocean in the summer. Stable isotope analysis showed that the main supply of throughfall and phreatic water was from precipitation, and the shrub canopy has an important effect on the processes of rainwater transmuted into throughfall and phreatic water. Moreover, the differences of δD and δ18O values between rainwater and throughfall were relevant to rainfall. Due to interception of the shrub canopy, there had a response hysteresis of phreatic water to the various rainfall events, which was mostly 2 days, except that this hysteresis was ≤1 day when rainfall was >15 mm/day.
Non‐natural Peptide Triazole Antagonists of HIV‐1 Envelope gp120
Authors: Kamanna Kantharaju , Aneja Rachna , Duffy Caitlin , Kubinski Pamela , Rodrigo Moreira Diogo , Bailey Lauren D. , McFadden Karyn , Schön Arne , Holmes Andrew , Tuzer Ferit , Contarino Mark , Freire Ernesto , Chaiken Irwin M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigated the derivation of non‐natural peptide triazole dual receptor site antagonists of HIV‐1 Env gp120 to establish a pathway for developing peptidomimetic antiviral agents. Previously we found that the peptide triazole HNG‐156 [R‐I‐N‐N‐I‐X‐W‐S‐E‐A‐M‐M‐CONH2, in which X=ferrocenyltriazole‐Pro (FtP)] has nanomolar binding affinity to gp120, inhibits gp120 binding to CD4 and the co‐receptor surrogate mAb 17b, and has potent antiviral activity in cell infection assays. Furthermore, truncated variants of HNG‐156, typified by UM‐24 (Cit‐N‐N‐I‐X‐W‐S‐CONH2) and containing the critical central stereospecific LX‐LW cluster, retain the functional characteristics of the parent peptide triazole. In the current work, we examined the possibility of replacing natural with unnatural residue components in UM‐24 to the greatest extent possible. The analogue with the critical “hot spot” residue Trp 6 replaced with L‐3‐benzothienylalanine (Bta) (KR‐41), as well as a completely non‐natural analogue containing D‐amino acid substitutions outside the central cluster (KR‐42, DCit‐DN‐DN‐DI‐X‐Bta‐DS‐CONH2), retained the dual receptor site antagonism/antiviral activity signature. The results define differential functional roles of subdomains within the peptide triazole and provide a structural basis for the design of metabolically stable peptidomimetic inhibitors of HIV‐1 Env gp120.
The effects of season on fat and fatty acids contents of shrimp and prawn species
Authors: Ayas Deniz , Ozogul Yesim , Yazgan Hatice 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effects of seasons on the lipid content and fatty acid compositions of five different shrimp and prawn species (green tiger prawn – Penaeus semisulcatus, kuruma prawn – Marsupenaeus japonicus, caramote prawn – Melicertus kerathurus, deepwater pink shrimp – Parapenaeus longirostris, speckled shrimp – Metapenaeus monoceros) were evaluated. Results showed that lipid content ranged from 0.89 to 1.55% in muscle, showing that all species were considered as lean. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of season and species. They were rich in n‐3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The highest proportions of EPA were obtained from kuruma prawn (180.9 mg/100 g) in spring and deepwater pink shrimp (173.2 mg/100 g) and caramote prawn (146.3 mg/100 g) in summer. Kuruma prawn had the highest DHA in spring (140.8 mg/100 g) followed by deepwater pink shrimp (132.2 mg/100 g) and caramote prawn (129.6 mg/100 g) in summer. The results also showed that the seasons affected lipid content and the fatty acid composition of shrimp and prawn species.Practical Application: The beneficial effect of seafood consumption on human health has been related to the high content of n‐3 fatty acids, especially EPA (20:5n‐3) and DHA (22:6n‐3). The ratios of n‐6/n‐3, PUFA/SFA and EPA + DHA are considered as useful criteria for comparing relative nutritional and oxidation values of marine oils. In the current study, the influence of seasonality on the lipid content and the fatty acid compositions of shrimp and prawn were investigated in order to find the best source of n‐3 fatty acids during the year.
Temporal variations of reservoir sediment sources in a small mountainous catchment in Korea
Authors: Kim Jin Kwan , Onda Yuichi , Yang Dong‐Yoon , Kim Min Seok 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAn understanding of the temporal variation in reservoir sedimentation and identification of the main sources of sediment are necessary for the maintenance of sustainable reservoirs. For this purpose, field measurements, sampling, and fingerprinting of reservoir sediment were undertaken from July 2005 to November 2007. Source fingerprinting of reservoir sediment was conducted using cesium‐137 (137Cs). The relative contributions of gully bank and forest road, and forest floor material to reservoir sediment were calculated using a mixing model. Bank and forest road material, estimated to make up about 96% of the reservoir sediment, was the dominant source. Enormous reservoir sedimentation, which amounted to about 60% of the total reservoir sedimentation during the observation period, occurred during a heavy rainstorm with an 80‐year recurrence time. To maintain the sustainability of the reservoir in this study, therefore, temporal and spatial preparation strategies for heavy rainstorms and bank and forest road erosion should be considered. However, spatial information on sediment sources from 137Cs fingerprinting is limited. To better identify the sediment sources spatially and temporally, further studies applying soil erosion models and more detailed field studies are needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A re-evaluation of fifteen years of european risk assessment using effect models
Authors: De Laender Frederik , Van Sprang Patrick , Janssen Colin R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Ecological risk assessments of chemicals can be informed by a suite of effect models, including population and food web models. In the risk assessments conducted under EU regulation 793/93/EC, however, applications of such effect models are extremely scarce and toxicity-extrapolation approaches are often used instead. The objective of the present study was to re-evaluate these risk assessments using two types of effect models: species sensitivity distributions (SSDs, non-mechanistic), and food web models (mechanistic). Species sensitivity distributions significantly fitted the available toxicity data for up to 35% of the chemicals, depending on the trophic levels included and the amount of data available. Median hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5-50) estimated by the SSDs were less accurate predictors of measured community-level no observed effect concentration than food web model-derived HC5-50s, albeit data were available for seven chemicals only. For datasets with more than 10 data points, the 90% confidence interval of the estimated HC5s was narrower for the food web modeling approach than for the SSD approach. The HC5-50s predicted by the two approaches were two to five times (metals) and 10 to 100 times (organic chemicals) higher than the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for the aquatic environment listed in the risk assessment reports. This suggests that the derived PNECs are protective for aquatic ecosystems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:594–601. © 2012 SETAC
Hepatitis C screening: Getting it right
Authors: Edlin Brian R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Hepatitis C is the most prevalent bloodborne viral disease in the United States and the deadliest. This year, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) will update its 2004 hepatitis C guideline, which recommends against screening asymptomatic adults for hepatitis C. This guideline has hampered public health efforts to encourage screening and identify and refer infected persons for care by declaring that such interventions were not supported by the evidence. A draft revision of the guideline, released on November 26, 2012, concludes that testing persons born between 1945 and 1965 probably has at least a small net benefit, but stops short of definitively recommending that this cohort be screened. This article examines the Task Force's process for writing its guidelines. It recommends that the Task Force adopt a balanced approach to evaluating the benefits and harms of screening; use the preponderance of the evidence as a standard for evaluating interventions that target serious public health problems; be transparent about the value judgments that go into its decisions; consider the wide variation in disease prevalence in diverse patient populations; and recommend screening asymptomatic adults for hepatitis C.

Conclusion

: By taking a broader view of the evidence, the Task Force can write new guidelines that will serve efforts to curb the hepatitis C epidemic, rather than frustrate them.
Identification of fluvial sediment sources in the Kharaa River catchment, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Theuring Philipp , Rode Michael , Behrens Stefan , Kirchner Gerald , Jha Abhinand 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFine‐grained sediments constitute a major stressing factor for the aquatic ecosystem in the 15 000 km2 Kharaa River catchment in Northern Mongolia. The objectives of this study were to identify the suspended sediment (SS) sources and quantify the sediment budget of the basin. Sediment sources were identified with the help of sediment tracing methods utilizing Be‐7, Cs‐137 and Pb‐210 radionuclides. High‐resolution discharge data were used in combination with daily suspended solid measurements to calculate the SS budget. These calculations were compared with the monthly archive data on SS and discharge to investigate temporal load variations. In addition, the sediment budget model SedNet was used to estimate the SS budget and test its applicability in a cold semi‐arid region. Results of the sediment tracing showed that riverbank erosion generates 74.5% of the suspended sediment load, whereas surface erosion contributes 21.7% and gully erosion only 3.8%. In the most intensely used agricultural tributary catchment Zagdelin Gol, upland erosion contributed only 12.7% to the total SS losses. The calculated mean annual sediment load for the years 1990–2002 was 20.3 kt⋅a−1. The SedNet model computed SS export from the catchment in the same order of magnitude as measured data (16.2 kt⋅a−1). The results help to identify effective management measures to reduce sediment loads and mitigate its impact on the aquatic environment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.