bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oberflächenverstärkte Raman‐Spektroskopie: Konzepte und chemische Anwendungen
Authors: Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie oberflächenverstärkte Raman‐Spektroskopie (SERS) hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einer ausgereiften schwingungsspektroskopischen Technik entwickelt, und die Zahl der Anwendungen in der Chemie, den Material‐ und insbesondere den Lebenswissenschaften steigt rasant. Dieser Aufsatz erklärt die theoretischen Grundlagen von SERS in einem kurzen Tutorium und fasst – basierend auf Ergebnissen aus Originalarbeiten der letzen Jahre – wichtige fundamentale Aspekte, die für das Verständnis von SERS wichtig sind, zusammen. Daran schließt sich ein Abschnitt über neuere Ansätze zur Synthese und Präparation plasmonischer Nanostrukturen an. Chemische Anwendungen von SERS bilden das Herzstück des Aufsatzes. Sie decken eine breite Spanne an Themen ab, von der Katalyse und Spektroelektrochemie bis hin zur Einzelmoleküldetektion und (bio)analytischen Anwendungen.
Two‐Dimensional CuSe Nanosheets with Microscale Lateral Size: Synthesis and Template‐Assisted Phase Transformation
Authors: Wu Xue‐Jun , Huang Xiao , Liu Juqing , Li Hai , Yang Jian , Li Bing , Huang Wei , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSemiconducting nanosheets with microscale lateral size are attractive building blocks for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices. The phase‐controlled chemical synthesis of semiconducting nanosheets is of particular interest, because their intriguing properties are not only related to their size and shape, but also phase‐dependent. Herein, a facile method for the synthesis of phase‐pure, microsized, two‐dimensional (2D) CuSe nanosheets with an average thickness of approximately 5 nm is demonstrated. These hexagonal‐phased CuSe nanosheets were transformed into cubic‐phased Cu2−xSe nanosheets with the same morphology simply by treatment with heat in the presence of CuI cations. The phase transformation, proposed to be a template‐assisted process, can be extended to other systems, such as CuS and Cu1.97S nanoplates. Our study offers a new method for the phase‐controlled preparation of 2D nanomaterials, which are not readily accessible by conventional wet‐chemical methods.
A Superhydrophobic Sponge with Excellent Absorbency and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Ruan Changping , Ai Kelong , Li Xingbo , Lu Lehui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFrequent oil spillages and the industrial discharge of organic solvents have not only caused severe environmental and ecological damage, but also create a risk of fire and explosion. Therefore, it is imperative, but also challenging, to find high‐performance absorbent materials that are both effective and less flammable. Here we present a superior superhydrophobic sponge that exhibits excellent absorption performance through a combination of its superhydrophobicity, high porosity, and robust stability. More importantly, it inherits the intrinsic flame‐retardant nature of the raw melamine sponge, and is thus expected to reduce the risk of fire and explosion when being used as an absorbent for flammable oils and organic compounds. Moreover, the fabrication of this sponge is easy to scale up, since it does not use a complicated process or sophisticated equipment. These characteristics make the sponge a much more competitive product than the commercial absorbent, nonwoven polypropylene fabric.
Investigations of the electrical conduction mechanisms of polyaniline‐DBSA/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene styrene) blends
Authors: Campos Milton , Miziara Thiago A. S. , Cristovan Fernando H. , Pereira Ernesto C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe electrical properties of Al/PANI‐DBSA/ABS/Au blend with PANI (5%) w/w have been investigated by using of current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements, in a temperature range of 100–313 K. The analysis of I‐V characteristics in the forward direction was based on thermionic emission mechanism for applied electrical field till ∼3 × 102 V/cm. The thickness dependence of the current‐voltage relationship, clearly demonstrates that the electrical current for larger fields is space charge limited current (SCLC). Temperature dependences of the ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance have been calculated. The mobility of carriers which is temperature dependent was calculated using the trap free SCLC as 1.53 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40688.
Determination of the SiH content of hydrogen silicone oil by a combination of the fourier transform near infrared, attenuated total reflectance–fourier transform infrared, and partial least squares regression models
Authors: Zhai Qianqian , Zhao Shigui , Zhou Chuanjian , Li Wenjie , Peng Cun 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTo verify the feasibility of the determination of the SiH content (HC) of hydrogen silicone oil (HS‐oil) with Fourier transform near infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with the partial least squares regression (PLS‐R) model, HS‐oil samples were synthesized from concentrated hydrosilicone oil (HC = 1.4 wt %), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and hexamethyldisiloxane or prepared by the dilution of concentrated hydrosilicone oil with octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. The FT‐NIR PLS‐R model (8695–4000 cm−1, two principal components) was developed from the FT‐NIR spectral data, and the coefficient of determination for cross‐validation (R2) and the coefficient of determination for external validation (r2) were 0.992 and 0.995, respectively. The ATR–FTIR PLS‐R model (2302–2040 cm−1, one principal component) was developed from the ATR–FTIR spectral data; it produced an R2 of 0.995 and an r2 of 0.996. This study demonstrated that the combination of FT‐NIR and ATR–FTIR spectroscopy with the PLS‐R model were successfully used to determine the HC of the HS‐oil. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40694.
Rheological behaviors of fumed silica/low molecular weight hydroxyl silicone oil
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Dong , Wu Ji‐Rong , Tang Long‐Cheng , Li Jia‐Yun , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Zhong Ming‐Qiang 
Published: April 2014

ABSRACTThe structure and viscoelastic properties of fumed silica gels in low molecular weight hydroxyl silicone oil were investigated by means of steady and dynamic rheology. It is found that the fumed silica/hydroxyl silicone oil suspension exhibits shear‐thickening under steady shear and “strain‐thickening” under oscillatory shear condition. Effects of hydroxy groups on the rheological behavior of silicone oil suspension with highly dispersed hydrophilic amorphous silica were investigated by infrared, 1H‐NMR, and rheological test. The results show that the hydroxy groups on this system play an important role on the formation of shear thickening behavior of the suspension solution. At the same particle diameter and mass fraction, the amount of hydroxy groups on this system has a strong effect on increasing the viscosity of the suspension, which is likely due to multiassociation hydrogen bonding between liquid molecules and silanol groups on fumed silica surfaces (SiOH). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40722.
Adjuvanted A/H1N1 (2009) influenza vaccination during pregnancy: Description of a prospective cohort and spontaneously reported pregnancy‐related adverse reactions in the Netherlands
Authors: de Vries Loes , van Hunsel Florence , Cuppers‐Maarschalkerweerd Benedikte , van Puijenbroek Eugène , van Grootheest Kees 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundDuring influenza pandemics, pregnant women have an increased risk of severe complications. Vaccination can diminish these complications. In the Netherlands, the adjuvanted vaccines Focetria® and Pandemrix® were used during the A/H1N1 (2009) influenza pandemic. The national vaccination scheme included pregnant women, but knowledge concerning the safety of adjuvants during pregnancy was lacking. The aim of the study is to assess safety of adjuvanted influenza vaccines during pregnancy.MethodsThe Dutch Teratology Information Service, part of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, recruited 295 A/H1N1 (2009) vaccinated pregnant women through health care providers. Questionnaires were sent during the pregnancy to their health care providers and a second one 6 weeks after the estimated date of birth. Reported complications and adverse outcomes were compared with background rates. Additionally, the spontaneously reported pregnancy‐related adverse reactions in the database of the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb are described.ResultsCompared with the background rate, no increased risk of spontaneous abortions or congenital malformations was observed. There were three spontaneous abortions among 23 first trimester exposures. In the cohort of 281 pregnancies with known outcomes, three major malformations were observed after exposure at any time during pregnancy. In these cases exposure occurred once periconceptional, and twice in the second trimester. Furthermore, no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes or neonatal problems were observed. The spontaneously reported pregnancy‐related adverse events showed no unexpected pattern.ConclusionThe present study adds further reassurance for the safe use of adjuvanted vaccines during pregnancy and facilitates decision making in future pandemics. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:731–738, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LC‐MS/MS methods for the determination of edaravone and/or taurine in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Tang Dao‐quan , Bian Ting‐ting , Zheng Xiao‐xiao , Li Ying , Wu Xiao‐wen , Li Yin‐jie , Du Qian , Jiang Shui‐shi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThree liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) methods were respectively developed and validated for the simultaneous or independent determination of taurine and edaravone in rat plasma using 3‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐5‐pyrazolone and sulfanilic acid as the internal standards (IS). Chromatographic separations were achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB‐Aq (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 µm) column. Gradient 0.03% formic acid–methanol, isocratic 0.1% formic acid–methanol (90:10) and 0.02% formic acid–methanol (40:60) were respectively selected as the mobile phase for the simultaneous determination of two analytes, taurine or edaravone alone. The MS acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive and negative electrospray ionization source. The mass transitions monitored were m/z [M + H]+ 175.1 → 133.0 and [M + H]+ 189.2 → 147.0 for edaravone and its IS, m/z [M − H]− 124.1 → 80.0 and [M − H]− 172.0 → 80.0 for taurine and its IS, respectively. The validated methods were successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic interaction of taurine and edaravone in rats after independent intravenous administration and co‐administration with a single dose. Our collective results showed that there were no significant alterations on the main pharmacokinetic parameters (area under concentration–time curve, mean residence time, half‐life and clearance) of taurine and edaravone, implying that the proposed combination therapy was pharmacologically feasible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of tacrine‐6‐ferulic acid in rat plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Sun Xiuman , Zhang Peiting , Pi Rongbiao , Zhou Yuting , Deng Xuejiao , Xie Zhiyong , Liao Qiongfeng 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTacrine, as a drug for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), has low efficacy owing to its single function and serious side effects. However, tacrine‐6‐ferulic acid (T6FA), the dimer which added ferulic acid to tacrine, has been found to be a promising multifunctional drug candidate for AD and much more potent and selective on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than tacrine. The aim of the present work was to develop and validate an LC‐MS/MS method with electrospray ionization for the quantification of T6FA in rat plasma using tacrine‐3‐ferulic acid (T3FA) as internal standard and to examine its application for pharmacokinetic study in rats. Following a single liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographic separation was achieved at 25 °C on a BDS Hypersil C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 1% formic acid and methonal (30:70, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Quantification was achieved by monitoring the selected ions at m/z 474.2 → 298.1 for T6FA and m/z 432.2 → 199.0 for T3FA. The method was validated to be rapid, specific, accurate and precise over the concentration range of 0.5–1000.0 ng/mL in rat samples. Furthermore, it was successfully applied for the pharmacokinetic measurement of T6FA with an oral administration at 40 mg/kg to rats. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of the Conformational Profile of Polysaccharides on Skin Penetration: The Case of Hyaluronan and Its Sulfates
Authors: Cilurzo Francesco , Vistoli Giulio , Gennari Chiara G. M. , Selmin Francesca , Gardoni Fabrizio , Franzè Silvia , Campisi Monica , Minghetti Paola 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe literature data suggest the capacity of biomacromolecules to permeate the human skin, even though such a transdermal permeation appears to be governed by physicochemical parameters which are significantly different compared to those ruling the skin permeation of small molecules. On these grounds, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro diffusion properties through the human epidermis of hyaluronic acid and their sulfates. Low‐ and medium‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acids and the corresponding derivatives at two degrees of sulfation were then tested. In vitro studies evidenced that the sulfated polymers permeate better than the corresponding hyaluronic acid, despite their vastly greater polarity, while the observed permeation markedly decreases when increasing the polymer's molecular weight regardless of the sulfation degree. Using a fluorescent‐labeled polysaccharide, it was also evidenced that hyaluronans have a great affinity for corneocytes and likely cross the stratum corneum mainly through a transcellular route. The molecular‐dynamics study revealed how the observed permeations for the investigated polysaccharides can be rationalized by monitoring their conformational profiles, since the permeation was found to be directly related to their capacity to assume extended and flexible conformations.
Myrtus communis Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities against Food Spoilage Pathogens
Authors: Ben Hsouna Anis , Hamdi Naceur , Miladi Ramzi , Abdelkafi Slim 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMyrtus communis is a typical plant of the Mediterranean area, which is mainly used as animal and human food and, in folk medicine, for treating some disorders. In the present study, we evaluated in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties of the essential oils of Myrtus communis (McEO), as well as its phytochemical composition. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oil revealed 17 compounds. Myrtenyl acetate (20.75%), 1,8‐cineol (16.55%), α‐pinene (15.59%), linalool (13.30%), limonene (8.94%), linalyl acetate (3.67%), geranyl acetate (2.99%), and α‐terpineol (2.88%) were the major components. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was also investigated on several microorganisms. The inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of bacterial strains were in the range of 16–28 mm and 0.078–2.5 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory activity of the McEO against Gram‐positive bacteria was significantly higher than against Gram‐negative. It also exhibited remarkable activity against several fungal strains. The investigation of the mode of action of the McEO by the time‐kill curve against Listeria monocytogenes (food isolate) showed a drastic bactericidal effect after 5 min using a concentration of 312 μg/ml. These results evidence that the McEO possesses antimicrobial properties, and it is, therefore, a potential source for active ingredients for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Three Endemic Species of Anthemis Sect. Hiorthia (DC.) R.Fern. Growing Wild in Sicily and Chemotaxonomic Volatile Markers of the Genus Anthemis L.: An Update
Authors: Maggio Antonella , Riccobono Luana , Spadaro Vivienne , Scialabba Anna , Bruno Maurizio , Senatore Felice 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Anthemis pignattiorum Guarino, Raimondo & Domina and A. ismelia Lojac. and the aerial parts and flowers of Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman, three endemic Sicilian species belonging to the section Hiorthia, was determined by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. (Z)‐Muurola‐4(14),5‐diene (27.3%) was recognized as the main constituent of the A. pignattiorum essential oil, together with isospathulenol (10.6%), sabinene (7.7%), and artemisyl acetate (6.8%), while in the oil obtained from the aerial parts of A. ismelia, geranyl propionate (8.8%), bornyl acetate (7.9%), β‐thujone (7.8%), neryl propionate (6.5%), and τ‐muurolol (6.5%) prevailed. α‐Pinene was the main compound of both the aerial part and flower oils of A. cupaniana (18.4 and 13.2%, resp.). Also noteworthy are the considerable amounts of artemisyl acetate (12.7%) and β‐thujone (11.8%) found in the oil from the aerial parts and those of tricosane (9.8%) and sabinene (7.6%) evidenced in the flower oil. Furthermore, an update on the main compounds identified in the essential oils of all the Anthemis taxa studied so far was presented, and cluster analyses were carried out, to compare the essential oils of these taxa.
Matrix Model Simulation of a Vertical Roller Mill with High‐Efficiency Slat Classifier
Authors: Faitli Jozsef , Czel Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOn‐site operational tests were performed in OMYA's limestone processing plant in Eger, Hungary, on a technology with Pfeiffer's 2800 C vertical roller grinding mill. The matrix model of the complete core technology of the system, including one comminution stage and three separation stages, was developed. Roller grinding was modeled as repetitive grinding of a number of consecutive breaking stages. The resulting comminution matrix of the breaking stages was written, by this way the feedback from the second separation unit could be modeled. The Rosin‐Rammler function fitted well on the measured separation points of the revolving slats separator and was also applied for the simulation of the other two separators.
Mechanochemistry in Technology: From Minerals to Nanomaterials and Drugs
Authors: Baláž Peter , Baláž Matej , Bujňáková Zdenka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMechanochemistry, a branch of solid‐state chemistry, analyzes processes which can occur in solids due to the application of mechanical energy. This energy is supplied by high‐energy milling. The mechanochemical approach belongs to the group of procedures that intensify the course of processes by producing various surface and bulk defects in treated solids. The accumulated energy acquired by milling is utilized in subsequent processes. In principle, the potential of mechanochemistry can be applied in cases, where the economic demand, the high temperatures as well as wet processes are under consideration. Several applications of mechanochemistry will be illustrated to demonstrate its potential in such apparently distinct fields like extractive metallurgy, materials engineering, and medicine.
CuO–ZnO Micro/Nanoporous Array‐Film‐Based Chemosensors: New Sensing Properties to H2S
Authors: Xu Zongke , Duan Guotao , Li Yue , Liu Guangqiang , Zhang Hongwen , Dai Zhengfei , Cai Weiping 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCuO–ZnO micro/nanoporous array‐films are synthesized by transferring a solution‐dipped self‐organized colloidal template onto a device substrate and sequent heat treatment. Their morphologies and structures are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrum analysis. Based on the sensing measurement, it is found that the CuO–ZnO films prepared with the composition of [Cu2+]/[Zn2+]=0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 all show a nice sensitivity to 10 ppm H2S. Interestingly, three different zones exist in the patterns of gas responses versus H2S concentrations: a platform zone, a rapidly increasing zone, and a slowly increasing zone. Further experiments show that the hybrid CuO–ZnO porous film sensor exhibits shorter recovery time and better selectivity to H2S gas against other interfering gases at a concentration of 10 ppm. These new sensing properties may be due to a depletion layer induced by p–n junction between p‐type CuO and n‐type ZnO and high chemical activity of CuO to H2S. This work will provide a new construction route of ZnO‐based sensing materials, which can be used as H2S sensors with high performances.
Carbamoyl Radical‐Mediated Synthesis and Semipinacol Rearrangement of β‐Lactam Diols
Authors: Betou Marie , Male Louise , Steed Jonathan W. , Grainger Richard S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn an approach to the biologically important 6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system, the scope of the tandem 4‐exo‐trig carbamoyl radical cyclization—dithiocarbamate group transfer reaction to ring‐fused β‐lactams is evaluated. β‐Lactams fused to five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered rings are prepared in good to excellent yield, and with moderate to complete control at the newly formed dithiocarbamate stereocentre. No cyclization is observed with an additional methyl substituent on the terminus of the double bond. Elimination of the dithiocarbamate group gives α,β‐ or β,γ‐unsaturated lactams depending on both the methodology employed (base‐mediated or thermal) and the nature of the carbocycle fused to the β‐lactam. Fused β‐lactam diols, obtained from catalytic OsO4‐mediated dihydroxylation of α,β‐unsaturated β‐lactams, undergo semipinacol rearrangement via the corresponding cyclic sulfite or phosphorane to give keto‐bridged bicyclic amides by exclusive N‐acyl group migration. A monocyclic β‐lactam diol undergoes Appel reaction at a primary alcohol in preference to semipinacol rearrangement. Preliminary investigations into the chemo‐ and stereoselective manipulation of the two carbonyl groups present in a representative 7,8‐dioxo‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane rearrangement product are also reported.