bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Study of Hydroxyapatite-coated Hat Type Cervical Intervertebral Fusion Cage Combined With IGF-I and TGF-β1 in the Goat Model
Authors: Gu Yutong , Zhang Feng , Lineaweaver William C. , Zhang Jian , Jia Lianshun , Qi Jin , Wang Jun , Zhen Xuebin 
Published: November 2012

Study Design:
An in vivo animal experimental study.

Objective:
To investigate the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating in a modified fusion cage in improving the results of cervical intervertebral fusion and the role of combination of IGF-I and TGF-β1 treatment in a goat cervical spine interbody fusion model.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two goats were divided into 4 groups (n=8 for each) and underwent C3–4 discectomy and intervertebral fusion by the following methods: group 1, autologous tricortical iliac crest bone graft; group 2, cage only; group 3, cage coated with HA; group 4, cage coated with HA+IGF-I and TGF-β1. Radiography was performed preoperatively, postoperatively, and after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the same time points, disk space height, intervertebral angle, and lordosis angle were measured. At 12 weeks postoperatively, the goats were killed and fused segments were harvested. Biomechanical study was performed in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending with a nondestructive stiffness method to determine the range of motion and stiffness. All cervical fusion specimens underwent histomorphologic studies.

Results:
All 3 cage-treated groups showed significantly higher values for disk space height, intervertebral angle, and lordosis angle compared with the autologous tricortical iliac group at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). The stiffness of hat-shaped cervical intervertebral fusion cage coated with HA+IGF-I and TGF-β1 in flexion, extension, and lateral bending was significantly greater than that of the other groups (P<0.05), and the stiffness of hat-shaped cervical intervertebral fusion cage coated with HA in extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending was significantly greater than that of fusion with the bone graft and cage-only groups (P<0.05). Histomorphologic evaluation showed better fusion in 3 cage groups than in the bone graft group. In group 4 of the cage coated with HA+IGF-I and TGF-β1, a slightly more advanced bone matrix formation was shown than in groups without coating.

Conclusions:
HA coating can improve the fusion effect of the cervical intervertebral cage, and IGF-I and TGF-β1 can enhance bone fusion.
Pattern of Auxin and Cytokinin Responses for Shoot Meristem Induction Results from the Regulation of Cytokinin Biosynthesis by AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3
Authors: Cheng Zhi Juan , Wang Liang , Sun Wei , Zhang Yan , Zhou Chao , Su Ying Hua , Li Wei , Sun Tian Tian , Zhao Xiang Yu , Li Xing Guo , Cheng Youfa , Zhao Yunde , Xie Qi , Zhang Xian Sheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDe novo organ regeneration is an excellent biological system for the study of fundamental questions regarding stem cell initiation, cell fate determination, and hormone signaling. Despite the general belief that auxin and cytokinin responses interact to regulate de novo organ regeneration, the molecular mechanisms underlying such a cross talk are little understood. Here, we show that spatiotemporal biosynthesis and polar transport resulted in local auxin distribution in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which in turn determined the cytokinin response during de novo shoot regeneration. Genetic and pharmacological interference of auxin distribution disrupted the cytokinin response and ATP/ADP ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE5 (AtIPT5) expression, affecting stem cell initiation and meristem formation. Transcriptomic data suggested that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) mediated the auxin response during de novo organ regeneration. Indeed, mutations in ARF3 caused ectopic cytokinin biosynthesis via the misexpression of AtIPT5, and this disrupted organ regeneration. We further showed that ARF3 directly bound to the promoter of AtIPT5 and negatively regulated AtIPT5 expression. The results from this study thus revealed an auxin-cytokinin cross talk mechanism involving distinct intermediate signaling components required for de novo stem cell initiation and shed new light on the mechanisms of organogenesis in planta.
Arabidopsis Response Regulator1 and Arabidopsis Histidine Phosphotransfer Protein2 (AHP2), AHP3, and AHP5 Function in Cold Signaling
Authors: Jeon Jin , Kim Jungmook 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) two-component signaling system, which is composed of sensor histidine kinases, histidine phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators, mediates the cytokinin response and various other plant responses. We have previously shown that ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE2 (AHK2), AHK3, and cold-inducible type A ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS (ARRs) play roles in cold signaling. However, the roles of type B ARRs and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEINS (AHPs) have not been investigated in cold signaling. Here, we show that ARR1 and AHP2, AHP3, and AHP5 play positive roles in the cold-inducible expression of type A ARRs. arr1 mutants showed greatly reduced cold-responsive expression of type A ARRs compared with the wild type, whereas ARR1-overexpressing Arabidopsis exhibited the hypersensitive cold response of type A ARRs as well as enhanced freezing tolerance with cytokinin, suggesting that ARR1 functions as a positive factor of cold signaling. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing ARR1ƊDDK:GR lacking the amino-terminal receiver domain showed wild-type expression levels of type A ARRs in response to cold, indicating that the signal receiver domain of ARR1 might be important for cold-responsive expression of type A ARRs. ahp2 ahp3 ahp5 triple mutations greatly reduced type A ARR expression in response to cold, whereas the single or double ahp mutants displayed wild-type levels of ARR expression, suggesting that AHP2, AHP3, and AHP5 are redundantly involved in cold signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that ARR1 mediates cold signal via AHP2, AHP3, or AHP5 from AHK2 and AHK3 to express type A ARRs. We further identified a cold transcriptome affected by ahk2 ahk3 mutations by microarray analysis, revealing a new cold-responsive gene network regulated downstream of AHK2 and AHK3.
Loose Plant Architecture1, an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Protein Involved in Shoot Gravitropism, Regulates Plant Architecture in Rice
Authors: Wu Xinru , Tang Ding , Li Ming , Wang Kejian , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Tiller angle and leaf angle are two important components of rice (Oryza sativa) plant architecture that play a crucial role in determining grain yield. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the Loose Plant Architecture1 (LPA1) gene in rice, the functional ortholog of the AtIDD15/SHOOT GRAVITROPISM5 (SGR5) gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LPA1 regulates tiller angle and leaf angle by controlling the adaxial growth of tiller node and lamina joint. LPA1 was also found to affect shoot gravitropism. Expression pattern analysis suggested that LPA1 influences plant architecture by affecting the gravitropism of leaf sheath pulvinus and lamina joint. However, LPA1 only influences gravity perception or signal transduction in coleoptile gravitropism by regulating the sedimentation rate of amyloplasts, distinct from the actions of LAZY1. LPA1 encodes a plant-specific INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein and defines a novel subfamily of 28 INDETERMINATE DOMAIN proteins with several unique conserved features. LPA1 is localized in the nucleus and functions as an active transcriptional repressor, an activity mainly conferred by a conserved ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression-like motif. Further analysis suggests that LPA1 participates in a complicated transcriptional and protein interaction network and has evolved novel functions distinct from SGR5. This study not only facilitates the understanding of gravitropism mechanisms but also generates a useful genetic material for rice breeding.
Back to basics: an evaluation of NaOH and alternative rapid DNA extraction protocols for DNA barcoding, genotyping, and disease diagnostics from fungal and oomycete samples
Authors: Osmundson Todd W. , Eyre Catherine A. , Hayden Katherine M. , Dhillon Jaskirn , Garbelotto Matteo M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ubiquity, high diversity and often‐cryptic manifestations of fungi and oomycetes frequently necessitate molecular tools for detecting and identifying them in the environment. In applications including DNA barcoding, pathogen detection from plant samples, and genotyping for population genetics and epidemiology, rapid and dependable DNA extraction methods scalable from one to hundreds of samples are desirable. We evaluated several rapid extraction methods (NaOH, Rapid one‐step extraction (ROSE), Chelex 100, proteinase K) for their ability to obtain DNA of quantity and quality suitable for the following applications: PCR amplification of the multicopy barcoding locus ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 from various fungal cultures and sporocarps; single‐copy microsatellite amplification from cultures of the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora ramorum; probe‐based P. ramorum detection from leaves. Several methods were effective for most of the applications, with NaOH extraction favored in terms of success rate, cost, speed and simplicity. Frozen dilutions of ROSE and NaOH extracts maintained PCR viability for over 32 months. DNA from rapid extractions performed poorly compared to CTAB/phenol‐chloroform extracts for TaqMan diagnostics from tanoak leaves, suggesting that incomplete removal of PCR inhibitors is an issue for sensitive diagnostic procedures, especially from plants with recalcitrant leaf chemistry. NaOH extracts exhibited lower yield and size than CTAB/phenol‐chloroform extracts; however, NaOH extraction facilitated obtaining clean sequence data from sporocarps contaminated by other fungi, perhaps due to dilution resulting from low DNA yield. We conclude that conventional extractions are often unnecessary for routine DNA sequencing or genotyping of fungi and oomycetes, and recommend simpler strategies where source materials and intended applications warrant such use.
Clinical responses to antidepressants among 1036 acutely depressed patients with bipolar or unipolar major affective disorders
Authors: Tondo L. , Baldessarini R. J. , Vázquez G. , Lepri B. , Visioli C. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveWhether responses to antidepressants differ in bipolar and unipolar depression remains unresolved.MethodWe analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes of antidepressant treatment of 1036 depressed patients with bipolar‐I or bipolar‐II disorder, or unipolar major depression, using bivariate and multivariate methods and survival analysis, testing the hypothesis that responses would be superior in unipolar depression.ResultsAntidepressants were given to 84.8% (878/1036) of depressed patients: 58.9% of 93 bipolar‐I, 80.1% of 117 bipolar‐II, and 91.3% of 668 unipolar disorder cases. The 158 not given antidepressants had more manias/year, spent more months in mania and depression, and were far more likely to receive mood stabilizers or antipsychotics long term. Improvement of HDRS21 depression ratings ranked: bipolar‐II (69.6%) > bipolar‐I (62.9%) > unipolar (57.9%; P < 0.0001), independent of initial illness severity. Responder rates (≥50% improved without switching) ranked: bipolar‐II (77.0%) > bipolar‐I (71.6%) > unipolar (61.7%; P < 0.0001). Remission rates (final HDRS < 7) ranked: 54.0%, 50.6%, and 40.8% respectively (P = 0.02); 67.5% remitted within 12 weeks of treatment. Survival‐computed median time to remission (15.0 weeks, overall) was shortest for bipolar‐II patients (10.7 weeks). The 3‐month risk of switching into mania–hypomania ranked: bipolar‐II (15.8%) > bipolar‐I (8.60%) > unipolar (0.56%). Multivariate modeling found bipolar diagnosis, shorter latency to remission, more recent trial year, and fewer weeks depressed before treatment to be associated with greater percent improvement of HDRS ratings.ConclusionSelective use of antidepressants with or without mood stabilizers in non‐agitated, depressed bipolar disorder patients for short periods was effective with moderate risk of potentially dangerous, manic mood elevation.
Usefulness of the delta neutrophil index for assessing neonatal sepsis
Authors: Lee Soon M , Eun Ho S , Namgung Ran , Park Min S , Park Kook I , Lee Chul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimWe investigated the significance of the calculated delta neutrophil index (DNI) as a diagnostic factor for neonatal sepsis.MethodsIn retrospective study, 24 infants were diagnosed with blood culture‐proven sepsis, and 48 non‐septic neonates matched for gestational age, and birth weight served as controls. Among the 24 infants with sepsis, 5 died within 7 days at diagnosis.ResultsMean DNI (at diagnosis, after 24 h and 72 h), CRP and WBC counts were significantly higher, and neutrophil and platelet counts were significantly lower in sepsis group than control group. In sepsis group, mean DNI at the time of diagnosis, DNI at 72 h, and CRP at 72 h were significantly higher, and platelet counts were significantly lower for patients with sepsis who died compared with those who survived. In multiple logistic regression analysis, mortality in neonates with sepsis significantly correlated with DNI at 72 h (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.1–5.6, p = 0.032) and with platelet count (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.51–0.99, p = 0.014). ROC analysis for DNI at 72 h revealed a cut‐off value of 12%, which predicted mortality with 81% sensitivity and 87% specificity.ConclusionDNI may be a valuable tool in assessing the prognosis of patients with neonatal sepsis.
Speech problems affect more than one in two children with cerebral palsy: Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Nordberg A , Miniscalco C , Lohmander A , Himmelmann K 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo describe speech ability in a population‐based study of children with cerebral palsy (CP), in relation to CP subtype, motor function, cognitive level and neuroimaging findings.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 129 children (66 girls, 63 boys) with CP, born in 1999–2002, was carried out. Speech ability and background information, such as type of CP, motor function, cognitive level and neuroimaging data, were collected and analysed.ResultsSpeech disorders were found in 21% of the children and were present in all types of CP. Forty‐one per cent of the children with speech disorders also had mental retardation, and 42% were able to walk independently. A further 32% of the children were nonverbal, and maldevelopment and basal ganglia lesions were most common in this group. The remaining 47% had no speech disorders, and this group was most likely to display white matter lesions of immaturity.ConclusionMore than half of the children in this CP cohort had a speech disorder (21%) or were nonverbal (32%). Speech ability was related to the type of CP, gross motor function, the presence of mental retardation and the localization of brain maldevelopment and lesions. Neuroimaging results differed between the three speech ability groups.
Age and risk factors influence the microbial aetiology of bloodstream infection in children
Authors: Luthander Joachim , Bennet Rutger , Giske Christian G , Nilsson Anna , Eriksson Margareta 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo study the aetiology of bloodstream infections (BSI) in children 0–17 years, the influence of age and underlying co‐morbidity on BSI rate, distribution of pathogens and outcome; and to provide data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.MethodsA retrospective population‐based study. Data on blood cultures were collected at yearly intervals during 1998–2008. Information about risk factors, focal infection and outcome was retrieved from the patient charts.ResultsWe identified 1097 BSI. The incidence of BSI was 0.4/1000. The age‐specific incidence was 2.3/1000 in neonates (0–28 days old) and 0.2/1000 in the age group 6–17 years. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. The number of species causing BSI in previously healthy children was lower compared with children with co‐morbidity. Most children requiring intensive care had a serious underlying illness. Antimicrobial resistance was rare and did not influence outcome. The case‐fatality rate was 14.4% in neonates, 5.4% in children with co‐morbidity and 1.7% in previously healthy children.ConclusionMortality from BSI is low, and a limited spectrum of pathogens is isolated from previously healthy children compared with children with co‐morbidity. When choosing empirical therapy for suspected BSI, age and presence of risk factors should be taken into account.
Eating problems in young children – a population‐based study
Authors: Equit Monika , Pälmke Meike , Becker Nicolas , Moritz Anne‐Michaela , Becker Sabine , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo analyse the prevalence of atypical eating problems and their associations with anxious or oppositional behaviours in young children.MethodsOne thousand and ninety children examined in the school enrolment test in a defined geographical region were included (544 boys). The parents completed a 25‐item questionnaire regarding their child's eating behaviour and anxious or oppositional behaviours.ResultsHalf of the parents reported that their child avoids certain foods (53%). Twenty‐three percent showed selective eating, 26% showed an aversion against new foods. Children with underweight avoided more types of food and ate smaller amounts than children with normal or overweight. Three groups could be differentiated. Sixty‐one percent of the children were ‘normal eaters’ with avoidance of certain foods, normal weight status and low anxious or oppositional behaviour. Thirty‐four percent showed selective and/or restrictive eating, and 5% worried about their weight. Children with selective eating and with weight concerns were more often affected by anxious and oppositional behaviours.ConclusionAtypical eating problems are common in young children. Without accompanying weight loss, behavioural or emotional problems, selective eating should be seen as a normal feature in young eating behaviour. Parents of young children with selective, restrictive eating or with weight worrying and psychological problems should be offered advice/treatment.
Bruxism and associated factors among Dutch adolescents
Authors: van Selms Maurits K.A. , Visscher Corine M. , Naeije Machiel , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence rates of self‐reported sleep bruxism and awake bruxism and their associations with several demographical, exogenous, and psychosocial factors among Dutch adolescents.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey, 4285 questionnaires were completed, with an about equal gender distribution and with ages ranging from 10 to 22 years.ResultsIn the group of 4235 12‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents, sleep bruxism had a reported prevalence of 14.8% and awake bruxism of 8.7%. Logistic regression analyses revealed that sleep bruxism was associated with female gender [OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.23–1.81)], pain or tense feeling in the jaws upon awakening in the morning [OR = 1.47 (95% CI = 1.17–1.86)], clicking joint sounds [OR = 1.31 (95% CI = 1.03–1.65)], stress [OR = 1.25 (95% CI = 1.00–1.55)], and depressive mood [OR = 1.35 (95% CI = 1.10–1.65)]. Awake bruxism was associated with orofacial pain [OR = 1.49 (95% CI = 1.16–1.91)], clicking joint sounds [OR = 1.50 (95% CI = 1.13–1.98)], scraping joint sounds [OR = 2.03 (95% CI = 1.21–3.37)], stress [OR = 1.36 (95% CI = 1.03–1.78)], depressive mood [OR = 1.82 (95% CI = 1.42–2.35)], and smoking [OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.06–1.89)].ConclusionsSleep bruxism and awake bruxism are common conditions among Dutch adolescents, with self‐reported prevalence rates that are slightly higher than those derived from most large‐scale studies on adults. Several predictor variables were found to be exclusively associated with either form of bruxism, corroborating the common suggestion that both circadian manifestations are, at least in part, different entities.
Sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance
Authors: Wallace Ian R. , McKinley Michelle C. , Bell Patrick M. , Hunter Steven J. 
Published: November 2012

SummarySex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein composed of two 373‐amino‐acid subunits. The SHBG gene and a promotor region have been identified. The SHBG receptor has yet to be cloned but is known to act through a G‐protein‐linked second‐messenger system following plasma membrane binding. The principal function of SHBG has traditionally been considered to be that of a transport protein for sex steroids, regulating circulating concentrations of free (unbound) hormones and their transport to target tissues. Recent research suggests that SHBG has functions in addition to the binding and transport of sex steroids. Observational studies have associated a low SHBG concentration with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) independent of sex hormone levels in men and women. Genetic studies using Mendelian randomization analysis linking three single nucleotide polymorphisms of the SHBG gene to risk of developing type 2 DM suggest SHBG may have a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM. The correlation between SHBG and insulin resistance that is evident in a number of cross‐sectional studies is in keeping with the suggestion that the association between SHBG and incidence of type 2 DM is explained by insulin resistance. Several potential mechanisms may account for this association, including the identification of dietary factors that influence SHBG gene transcription. Further research to characterize the SHBG‐receptor and the SHBG second messenger system is required. An interventional study examining the effects on insulin resistance of altering SHBG concentrations may help in determining whether this association is causal.
Sex‐dependent associations of genetic variants identified by GWAS with indices of adiposity and obesity risk in a Chinese children population
Authors: Xi Bo , Shen Yue , Reilly Kathleen Heather , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Cheng Hong , Hou Dongqing , Wang Xingyu , Mi Jie 
Published: November 2012

SummaryObjectiveRecent genome‐wide association studies have identified a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are associated with body mass index (BMI)/obesity. This study aimed to examine the identified associations among a population of Chinese children.Research design and methodsFive SNPs (SEC16B rs10913469, SH2B1 rs4788102, PCSK1rs6235, KCTD15 rs29941, BAT2 rs2844479) were genotyped for a group of Chinese children (N = 2849, age range 6–18 years). A total of 1230 obese cases and 1619 controls with normal weight were identified based on the Chinese age‐ and sex‐specific BMI references.ResultsOf five studied variants, only two (SEC16B rs10913469, SH2B1 rs4788102) were nominally associated with indices of adiposity and obesity risk in girls and only SEC16B rs10913469 in children at puberty (p < 0·05), while no statistical associations was found for three other variants (PCSK1rs6235, KCTD15 rs29941, BAT2 rs2844479). After false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple testing, none were statistically significant. Further analysis indicated that the genetic risk score (GRS) was associated with BMI, waist circumference and risk of obesity (defined by BMI) in girls, even after FDR adjustment for multiple testing. However, there was no statistical association of GRS with indices of adiposity and risk of obesity in children at puberty after multiple comparison correction.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the synthetic effect of SNPs on the indices of adiposity and risk of obesity in Chinese girls, but failed to replicate the effect of five separate variants. We also did not found cumulative effect of SNPs in children at puberty.