bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal propofol anesthesia modifies activity‐dependent processes and induces transient hyperlocomotor response to d‐amphetamine during adolescence in rats
Authors: Pešić Vesna , Milanović Desanka , Popić Jelena , Smiljanić Kosara , Tešić Vesna , Kanazir Selma , Jevtović‐Todorović Vesna , Ruždijić Sabera 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examined the influence of propofol anesthesia on the expression of activity‐regulated molecules (BDNF and c‐Fos) and synaptic plasticity markers (synaptophysin, GAP‐43, drebrin) in the frontal cortex and thalamus of 7‐day‐old (P7) rats. Although these brain regions are the main targets of anesthetic action, they are contained in the cortico–striato–thalamo–cortical feedback loops, involved in naturally occurring and drug‐induced psychoses. Therefore, functional integrity of these loops was examined in adolescent and adult rats through d‐amphetamine‐induced hyperactivity. Propofol treatment (25 mg/kg) decreased exon‐specific and total BDNF mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and thalamus, in a time‐dependent manner. BDNF protein level was increased in the frontal cortex and decreased in the thalamus, which was accompanied by the change of phospho‐TrkB expression. Similarly to BDNF, the expression of c‐Fos was decreased in the frontal cortex while it was changed only at the protein level in the thalamus. Synaptic plasticity markers changed in a time‐ and region‐specific manner, indicating increased synaptogenesis in the frontal cortex and synapse elimination in the thalamus in P7 rats after the propofol anesthesia exposure. These early molecular changes were followed by time‐related, increased motor reaction to d‐amphetamine in adolescent, but not in adult rats. Our study revealed that exposure of immature brain to propofol anesthesia during the critical phase of development provoked immediate changes in activity‐dependent processes and synaptic adjustment, influencing brain capacity to integrate later developmental events and resulting in temporary altered response to acute psychotropic stimulation during adolescence.
Translation of a Motor Learning Walking Rehabilitation Program Into a Group‐Based Exercise Program for Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Brach Jennifer S. , Francois Sara J. , VanSwearingen Jessie M. , Gilmore Sandra , Perera Subashan , Studenski Stephanie A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTraditional exercise programs for older adults, which focus on aerobic and strength training, have had only modest effects on walking. Recently, a motor learning exercise program was shown to have greater effects on walking compared with a traditional exercise program. Translating this novel motor learning exercise program into a group exercise program would allow it to be offered as an evidence‐based, community‐based program for older adults.ObjectiveTo translate a walking rehabilitation program based on motor learning theory from one‐on‐one to group delivery (On the Move) and evaluate multiple aspects of implementation in older adults with impaired mobility.DesignThe translation process involved multiple iterations, including meetings of experts in the field (Phase I), focus groups (Phase II), and implementation of the newly developed program (Phase III). Phase III was based on a one‐group model of intervention development for feasibility, safety, potential effects, and acceptability.SettingCommunity sites, including 2 independent living facilities, an apartment building, and a community center.ParticipantsAdults 65 years of age or older who could ambulate independently and who were medically stable. Thirty‐one adults, mean age 82.3 ± 5.6 years, were eligible to participate.MethodsThe group exercise program was held twice a week for 12 weeks.Main Outcome MeasurementsAcceptability of the program was determined by retention and adherence rates and a satisfaction survey. Risk was measured by adverse events and questions on perceived challenge and safety. Mobility was assessed pre‐ and postintervention by gait speed, Figure of 8 Walk Test, and 6‐minute walk test.ResultsModifications to the program included adjustments to format/length, music, education, and group interaction. The 12‐week program was completed by 24 of 31 entrants (77%). Adherence was high, with participants attending on average 83% of the classes. Safety was excellent, with only 1 subject experiencing a controlled, noninjurious fall. There was preliminary evidence for improved mobility after the intervention: gait speed improved from 0.76 ± 0.21 to 0.81 ± 0.22 m/s, P = .06; Figure of 8 Walk Test from 13.0 ± 3.9 to 12.0 ± 3.9 seconds, P = .07; and 6‐minute walk test from 246 ± 75 to 281 ± 67 m, P = .02.ConclusionsThe group‐based program was safe and acceptable to older adults with impaired mobility and resulted in potentially clinically meaningful improvements in mobility.
Acute Responses of Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling on the Ventilation‐to‐CO2 Production Ratio and Substrate Utilization After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gorgey Ashraf S. , Lawrence Justin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundVentilation‐to‐carbon dioxide ratio is comparable with peak oxygen uptake in the prognosis of cardiovascular disorders. Currently, there are no established indices to determine the submaximal effects of functional electrical stimulation on cardiovascular performance in persons with spinal cord injury.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of an acute bout of functional electrical stimulation‐lower extremity cycling on ventilation, carbon dioxide production, ventilation‐to‐carbon dioxide ratio, and substrate utilization in people with motor complete spinal cord injury.DesignObservational cross‐sectional design.SettingClinical laboratory setting.ParticipantsTen individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury.MethodsParticipants were allowed to cycle until fatigue. The effects of functional electrical stimulation on ventilation, carbon dioxide production, ventilation‐to‐carbon dioxide ratio, and substrate utilization were measured with a portable metabolic cart (COSMED K4b2). Body composition was determined with bioelectrical impedance.ResultsResting and warm‐up ventilation were 8.15 ± 3.5 L/min and 8.15 ± 2.8 L/min, respectively. Functional electrical stimulation increased ventilation significantly (14.5 ± 6.4 L/min), which remained significantly elevated (13.3 ± 4.3 L/min) during the recovery period. During resting and warm‐up phases, the ventilation‐to‐carbon dioxide ratios were 41 ± 4.8 and 38 ± 5.4, respectively. Functional electrical stimulation decreased the ventilation‐to‐carbon dioxide ratio significantly to 31.5 ± 4, which remained significantly reduced during the recovery period (34.4 ± 3). Functional electrical stimulation relied primarily on carbohydrate utilization (188 ± 160 g/day to 574 ± 324 g/day; P = .001) with no changes in fat utilization (77.5 ± 28 g/day to 93.5 ± 133.6 g/day; P = .7) from resting to exercise periods. Significant relationships were noted between carbohydrate utilization during functional electrical stimulation and carbon dioxide (r = 0.98; P = .00010) production. The percentage whole body fat‐free mass was negatively related to the exercise ventilation‐to‐carbon ratio (r = −0.66; P = .045).ConclusionsAn acute bout of functional electrical stimulation resulted in a significant drop in the ventilation‐to‐carbon ratio, accompanied with a reliance on carbohydrate utilization and a diminished capacity to utilize fat as a substrate. Fat‐free mass may be associated with a decrease in ventilation to carbon dioxide ratio and an increase in carbohydrate utilization in persons with spinal cord injury.
Burnout y engagement académico en fonoaudiología
Authors: Glaría López Rocío , Carmona-San Martín Lorena , Pérez Villalobos Cristhian 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Burnout has been described as a three-dimensional syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization or cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment, while engagement corresponds to a positive state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption. Students are susceptible to these phenomena, which has not been extensively investigated in speech and language therapy Chilean students.
Objective: Compare levels of academic burnout and engagement in speech and language therapy students from different courses of a traditional Chilean university.
Method: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross sectional study. With prior informed consent, 220 students from 1st to 5th grade chosen by probabilistic quota sampling were surveyed. The Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students and Uthecht Work Engagement Scale-Student were used.Data were analyzed by the statistical package STATA 11.0 SE.
Results: Fourth grade presented a significantly higher emotional exhaustion compared to the other courses level. In depersonalization, fourth year again reported a significantly higher level than the second grade. In the case of engagement, no significant differences were found per grade.
Conclusions: Fourth grade presented higher levels of burnout. No significant differences in the levels of engagement were found. The data obtained show the need for further research on this subject in this population and will collaborate to generate actions plans designed to ensure high levels of engagement and decrease burnout levels along the entire curriculum.
The acute and medium-term effects of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy on memory in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Maric N. P. , Stojanovic Z. , Andric S. , Soldatovic I. , Dolic M. , Spiric Z. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundCurrent literature provides insufficient information on the degree of cognitive impairment during and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), mostly due to the fact that applied tests lacked sensitivity and flexibility. Our goal was to evaluate cognitive functioning in adult depressed patients treated with bi-temporal ECT, using tests sensitive for detection of possible acute and medium-term memory changes.MethodThirty adult patients with major depressive disorder, treated with a course of bi-temporal ECT, underwent clinical and cognitive measurements three times: at baseline, immediately after a course of ECT, and 1 month later. For cognition assessment, we used learning and visual, spatial and figural memory tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).ResultsBi-temporal ECT has proven to be an effective treatment. The linear mixed model, used to analyze changes in depression severity and patients’ cognitive performances over time and to assess dynamic correlations between aforementioned features, did not show any significant memory impairment as a potential acute or medium-term ECT effect. However, it yielded significant improvement on visual memory and learning at the follow-up, which positively correlated with the improvement of depression.ConclusionGood progress is being made in the search for ECT-related acute and medium-term cognitive side-effects by using the tests sensitive to detect memory dysfunction with parallel forms of the tasks (to counter practice effects on repeat testing). Our results on learning and memory in relation to ECT during treatment of depression did not bring forth any prolonged and significant bi-temporal ECT-related memory deficit.
High protein and cholesterol intakes associated with emergence of glucose intolerance in a low-risk Canadian Inuit population
Authors: Sefidbakht Saghar , Johnson-Down Louise , Young T Kue , Egeland Grace M 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among Inuit is 12·2 % in individuals over 50 years of age, similar to the Canadian prevalence. Given marked dietary transitions in the Arctic, we evaluated the dietary and other correlates of not previously diagnosed glucose intolerance, defined as type 2 diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.DesignCross-sectional analyses were limited to adults with a completed 2 h oral glucose tolerance test and without pre-existing diabetes. Anthropometric assessments, health and medication usage questionnaires and a 24 h dietary recall were administered.SettingCanadian International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey (2007–2008).SubjectsInuit adults (n777).ResultsGlucose intolerance was associated with older age and adiposity. Percentage of energy from protein above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range of 35 %, compared with intake within the range, was associated with increased odds of glucose intolerance (OR=1·98; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·61) in multivariable analyses. Further, cholesterol intake in the highest three quartiles combined (median exposures of 207, 416 and 778 mg/d, respectively) compared with the lowest quartile (median intake of 81 mg/d) was associated with glucose intolerance (OR=2·15; 95 % CI 1·23, 3·78) in multivariable analyses. Past-day traditional food consumption was borderline protective of glucose intolerance (P=0·054) and high fibre intake was not significantly protective (P=0·08).ConclusionsThe results contribute to the existing literature on high protein and cholesterol intakes as they may relate to diabetes risk.
A New Image Analysis Method Based on Morphometric and Fractal Parameters for Rapid Evaluation ofIn SituMammalian Mast Cell Status
Authors: Wedman Piper , Aladhami Ahmed , Beste Mary , Edwards Morgan K. , Chumanevich Alena , Fuseler John W. , Oskeritzian Carole A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractApart from their effector functions in allergic disorders, tissue-resident mast cells (MC) are gaining recognition as initiators of inflammatory events through their distinctive ability to secrete many bioactive molecules harbored in cytoplasmic granules. Activation triggers mediator release through a regulated exocytosis named degranulation. MC activation is still substantiated by measuring systemic levels of MC-restricted mediators. However, identifying the anatomical location of MC activation is valuable for disease diagnosis. We designed a computer-assisted morphometric method based on image analysis of methylene blue (MB)-stained normal mouse skin tissue sections that quantitates actualin situMC activation status. We reasoned MC cytoplasm could be viewed as an object featuring unique relative mass values based on activation status. Integrated optical density and area (A) ratios were significantly different between intact and degranulated MC (p<0.001). The examination of fractal characteristics is of translational diagnostic/prognostic value in cancer and readily applied to quantify cytoskeleton morphology and vasculature. Fractal dimension (D), a measure of their comparative space filling capacity and structural density, also differed significantly between intact and degranulated MC (p<0.001). Morphometric analysis provides a reliable and reproducible method forin situquantification of MC activation status.
Non-pathogenic Rhizobium radiobacter F4 deploys plant beneficial activity independent of its host Piriformospora indica
Authors: Glaeser Stefanie P , Imani Jafargholi , Alabid Ibrahim , Guo Huijuan , Kumar Neelendra , Kämpfer Peter , Hardt Martin , Blom Jochen , Goesmann Alexander , Rothballer Michael , Hartmann Anton , Kogel Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Alphaproteobacterium Rhizobium radiobacter F4 (RrF4) was originally characterized as an endofungal bacterium in the beneficial endophytic Sebacinalean fungus Piriformospora indica. Although attempts to cure P. indica from RrF4 repeatedly failed, the bacterium can easily be grown in pure culture. Here, we report on RrF4’s genome and the beneficial impact the free-living bacterium has on plants. In contrast to other endofungal bacteria, the genome size of RrF4 is not reduced. Instead, it shows a high degree of similarity to the plant pathogenic R. radiobacter (formerly: Agrobacterium tumefaciens) C58, except vibrant differences in both the tumor-inducing (pTi) and the accessor (pAt) plasmids, which can explain the loss of RrF4’s pathogenicity. Similar to its fungal host, RrF4 colonizes plant roots without host preference and forms aggregates of attached cells and dense biofilms at the root surface of maturation zones. RrF4-colonized plants show increased biomass and enhanced resistance against bacterial leaf pathogens. Mutational analysis showed that, similar to P. indica, resistance mediated by RrF4 was dependent on the plant’s jasmonate-based induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathway. Consistent with this, RrF4- and P. indica-induced pattern of defense gene expression were similar. In clear contrast to P. indica, but similar to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, RrF4 colonized not only the root outer cortex but also spread beyond the endodermis into the stele. On the basis of our findings, RrF4 is an efficient plant growth-promoting bacterium.
Structurally driven one-dimensional electron confinement in sub-5-nm graphene nanowrinkles
Authors: Lim Hyunseob , Jung Jaehoon , Ruoff Rodney S. , Kim Yousoo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGraphene-based carbon materials such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphenes have distinct and unique electronic properties that depend on their dimensionality and geometric structures. Graphene wrinkles with pseudo one-dimensional structures have been observed in a graphene sheet. However, their one-dimensional electronic properties have never been observed because of their large widths. Here we report the unique electronic structure of graphene nanowrinkles in a graphene sheet grown on Ni(111), the width of which was small enough to cause one-dimensional electron confinement. Use of spatially resolved, scanning tunnelling spectroscopy revealed bandgap opening and a one-dimensional van Hove singularity in the graphene nanowrinkles, as well as the chemical potential distribution across the graphene nanowrinkles. This observation allows us to realize a metallic-semiconducting-metallic junction in a single graphene sheet. Our demonstration of one-dimensional electron confinement in graphene provides the novel possibility of controlling its electronic properties not by chemical modification but by ‘mechanical structuring’.
Direct observation of ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics in helical π-stacks of self-assembled perylene bisimides
Authors: Sung Jooyoung , Kim Pyosang , Fimmel Benjamin , Würthner Frank , Kim Dongho 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEver since the discovery of dye self-assemblies in nature, there have been tremendous efforts to exploit biomimetic supramolecular assemblies for tailored artificial photon processing materials. This feature necessarily has resulted in an increasing demand for understanding exciton dynamics in the dye self-assemblies. In a sharp contrast with J-type aggregates, however, the detailed observation of exciton dynamics in H-type aggregates has remained challenging. In this study, as we succeed in measuring transient fluorescence from Frenkel state of π-stacked perylene tetracarboxylic acid bisimide dimer and oligomer aggregates, we present an experimental demonstration on Frenkel exciton dynamics of archetypal columnar π–π stacks of dyes. The analysis of the vibronic peak ratio of the transient fluorescence spectra reveals that unlike the simple π-stacked dimer, the photoexcitation energy in the columnar π-stacked oligomer aggregates is initially delocalized over at least three molecular units and moves coherently along the chain in tens of femtoseconds, preceding excimer formation process.
Large magnetocaloric effect and adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration with YbPt2Sn
Authors: Jang Dongjin , Gruner Thomas , Steppke Alexander , Mitsumoto Keisuke , Geibel Christoph , Brando Manuel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdiabatic demagnetization is currently gaining strong interest in searching for alternatives to 3He-based refrigeration techniques for achieving temperatures below 2 K. The main reasons for that are the recent shortage and high price of the rare helium isotope 3He. Here we report the discovery of a large magnetocaloric effect in the intermetallic compound YbPt2Sn, which allows adiabatic demagnetization cooling from 2 K down to 0.2 K. We demonstrate this with a home-made refrigerator. Other materials, for example, paramagnetic salts, are commonly used for the same purpose but none of them is metallic, a severe limitation for low-temperature applications. YbPt2Sn is a good metal with an extremely rare weak magnetic coupling between the Yb atoms, which prevents them from ordering above 0.25 K, leaving enough entropy free for use in adiabatic demagnetization cooling. The large volumetric entropy capacity of YbPt2Sn guarantees also a good cooling power.
Defective titanium dioxide single crystals exposed by high-energy {001} facets for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Pei Dan-Ni , Gong Li , Zhang Ai-Yong , Zhang Xing , Chen Jie-Jie , Mu Yang , Yu Han-Qing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe cathodic material plays an essential role in oxygen reduction reaction for energy conversion and storage systems. Titanium dioxide, as a semiconductor material, is usually not recognized as an efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalyst owning to its low conductivity and poor reactivity. Here we demonstrate that nano-structured titanium dioxide, self-doped by oxygen vacancies and selectively exposed with the high-energy {001} facets, exhibits a surprisingly competitive oxygen reduction activity, excellent durability and superior tolerance to methanol. Combining the electrochemical tests with density-functional calculations, we elucidate the defect-centred oxygen reduction reaction mechanism for the superiority of the reductive {001}-TiO2−x nanocrystals. Our findings may provide an opportunity to develop a simple, efficient, cost-effective and promising catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in energy conversion and storage technologies.
Non-destructive mapping of grain orientations in 3D by laboratory X-ray microscopy
Authors: McDonald S. A. , Reischig P. , Holzner C. , Lauridsen E. M. , Withers P. J. , Merkle A. P. , Feser M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ability to characterise crystallographic microstructure, non-destructively and in three-dimensions, is a powerful tool for understanding many aspects related to damage and deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline materials. To this end, the technique of X-ray diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) using monochromatic synchrotron and polychromatic laboratory X-ray sources has been shown to be capable of mapping crystal grains and their orientations non-destructively in 3D. Here we describe a novel laboratory-based X-ray DCT modality (LabDCT), enabling the wider accessibility of the DCT technique for routine use and in-depth studies of, for example, temporal changes in crystallographic grain structure non-destructively over time through ‘4D’ in situ time-lapse studies. The capability of the technique is demonstrated by studying a titanium alloy (Ti-β21S) sample. In the current implementation the smallest grains that can be reliably detected are around 40 μm. The individual grain locations and orientations are reconstructed using the LabDCT method and the results are validated against independent measurements from phase contrast tomography and electron backscatter diffraction respectively. Application of the technique promises to provide important insights related to the roles of recrystallization and grain growth on materials properties as well as supporting 3D polycrystalline modelling of materials performance.