bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Scientific Worldviews on Attitudes toward Organ Transplants: National Survey Data from the United States
Authors: Evans M. D. R. , Kelley Jonathan 
Published: June 2014

Context Public acceptance of routine medical procedures is nearly universal, but controversy over dramatic or invasive procedures like transplants is common. Objectives To assess the distributions and organization of public opinion on organ transplant and to discover the magnitude of the direct and indirect impacts of religion, scientific knowledge, and acceptance of evolution on individuals' support for organ transplant. Participants A representative sample (N = 2069) of the US adult, English-speaking population in 2009. Intervention Participants were administered the International Social Science Survey/USA 2009. Results Organ transplants were warmly endorsed by most Americans in 2009, as earlier, but support is not universal. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that Americans' opinions on heart, kidney, and pancreas transplants all reflect the same underlying attitude toward major organ transplants. Structural equation modeling shows that scientific knowledge is the most important influence on these attitudes, with more knowledgeable persons being more supportive. Acceptance of the theory of evolution is the second most important factor, also associated with greater support for transplant. Growing up in a church-going family encourages people to support organ transplant, even after adjusting for other influences. Otherwise denomination and religious belief have only small indirect influences. Demographic differences are small. Conclusions These results provide clues about future trends. A religious revival, were it to occur, would not be likely to alter support for transplants. If public knowledge of science continues to increase, or acceptance of the theory of evolution grows, support for transplant will most likely increase.
Early severe HIV disease precedes early antiretroviral therapy in infants: Are we too late?
Authors: Innes Steve , Lazarus Erica , Otwombe Kennedy , Liberty Afaaf , Germanus Ramona , Van Rensburg Anita Janse , Grobbelaar Nelis , Hurter Theunis , Eley Brian , Violari Avy , Cotton Mark F 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the degree of HIV disease progression in infants initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) by three months of age in a programmatic setting in South Africa.DesignThis was a programmatic cohort study.MethodsElectronic and manual data extraction from databases and antiretroviral registers in 20 public clinics in Cape Town and electronic data extraction from a large ART service at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto were performed. Records of all infants initiated on ART by three months of age between June 2007 and September 2010 were extracted. Demographics, immunological and clinical stage at ART initiation were analyzed descriptively by chi‐square, two‐sample t‐test and Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsA total of 403 records were identified: 88 in Cape Town and 315 in Soweto. Median age at ART initiation was 8.4 [interquartile range (IQR): 7.2–9.7] weeks. At ART initiation, 250 infants (62%) had advanced HIV disease (CD4% <25% or absolute CD4<1500 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical Stage 3 or 4). Median age at ART initiation by site was 10.3 (IQR: 8.2–11.9) weeks in Cape Town and 8.6 (IQR: 7.7–10.0) weeks in Soweto infants (p<0.0001). In Cape Town, 73 infants (83%) had advanced HIV disease at ART initiation, compared to 177 infants (56%) in Soweto (p<0.0001). On logistic regression, each month increase in age at ART initiation lowered the odds of initiating ART in an optimal state (OR: 0.56, CI: 0.36–0.94) and increased the odds of advanced HIV disease at ART initiation (OR: 1.69, CI: 1.05–2.71).ConclusionsART initiation by three months of age may not adequately prevent disease progression. New emphasis on early diagnosis and rapid initiation of ART in the first weeks of life are essential to further reduce infant mortality.
Seismostratigraphy of the Siberian Sector of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent Laptev Sea Shelf
Authors: Weigelt Estella , Jokat Wilfried , Franke Dieter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new seismostratigraphic model has been established within the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the East Siberian Shelf on the basis of multichannel seismic reflection data acquired along a transect at 81°N. Ages for the sedimentary units were estimated via links to seismic lines and drill site data of the US Chukchi Shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge, and the adjacent Laptev Shelf. Two distinct seismic units were mapped throughout the area and are the constraints for dating the remaining strata. The lower marker unit, a pronounced high‐amplitude reflector sequence (HARS), is the most striking stratigraphic feature over large parts of the Arctic Ocean. It indicates a strong and widespread change in deposition conditions. Probably, it developed during Oligocene times when a reorientation of Arctic Plates took place, accompanied by the gradual opening of the Fram Strait, and a widespread regression of sea level. The top of the HARS likely marks the end of Oligocene/early Miocene (23 Ma). An age estimate for the base of the sequence is less clear but likely corresponds to base of Eocene (˜56 Ma). The second marked unit detected on the seismic lines parallels the seafloor with a thickness of about 200 ms two‐way travel time (160 m). Its base is marked by a change from a partly transparent sequence with weak amplitude reflections below to a set of continuous high‐amplitude reflectors above. This interface likely marks the transition to large‐scale glaciation of the northern hemisphere and therefore is ascribed to the top Miocene (5.3 Ma).
Sharp bends associated with deep scours in a tropical river: The river Mahakam (East Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Authors: Vermeulen B. , Hoitink A. J. F. , van Berkum S. W. , Hidayat H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAutogenic scouring in sharp river bends has received ample attention in laboratory and modeling studies. These studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how flow processes are influenced by strong curvature and how they affect the bathymetry. Here we present a 300 km reach of the Mahakam River in Indonesia, which features several sharp bends (W/R > 0.5), providing a unique field data set to validate existing knowledge on sharp bends. Scour depths were found to strongly exceed what can be expected based on existing understanding of sharp bends and are highly correlated with curvature. A comprehensive stream reconnaissance was carried out to compare the occurrence of sharp bends and deep scours with lateral bank migration. Histograms of the occurrence of erosive, stable, advancing, and bar‐type banks as a function of curvature quantify the switch from a mildly curved bend regime to a sharp bend regime. In mild bends, outer banks erode and inner banks advance. In sharp bends the erosion pattern inverts. Outer banks stabilize or advance, while inner banks erode. In sharply curved river bends, bars occur near the outer banks that become less erosive for higher curvatures. Inner banks become more erosive for higher curvatures but nevertheless accommodate the larger portion of exposed bars. No relation was found between the land cover adjacent to the river and the occurrence of sharp bends. Soil processes may play a crucial role in the formation of sharp bends, which is inferred from iron and manganese concretions observed in the riverbanks, indicating ferric horizons and early stages of the formation of plinthic horizons. Historical topographic maps show the planform activity of the river is low, which may relate to the scour holes slowing down planimetric development.
On using the seasonal cycle to interpret extratropical temperature changes since 1950
Authors: McKinnon Karen A. , Huybers Peter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExtratropical near‐surface air temperature variability is explored on three different time scales: the seasonal cycle, observed changes in temperature since 1950, and the equilibrium response to increasing CO2 in an atmospheric general circulation simulation with fixed sea surface temperatures. Exploration is undertaken using an energy balance model (EBM) that parameterizes advective land‐ocean heat fluxes. The EBM is tuned only to the climatological seasonal cycle yet captures 47% of the variability in observed multidecadal temperature changes in the extratropics and 78% of the variability in the equilibrated model simulation. The subseasonal time scale of atmosphere‐surface heat fluxes explains, at least in the context of this EBM, the ability to infer patterns of multidecadal change using information primarily drawn from the seasonal cycle.
One‐Pot Sequential Catalytic Hydration of Alkynes and α‐Alkylation with Alcohols for the Synthesis of α‐Alkylated Ketones
Authors: Ma Juan , Wang Nana , Li Feng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA strategy for the synthesis of α‐alkylated ketones via one‐pot, sequential, catalytic hydration of alkynes and α‐alkylation with alcohols was proposed and successfully accomplished. In the presence of chloro[1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene]gold(I) ([(IPr)AuCl])/silver triflate (AgOTf) and water, a series of alkynes are first hydrated to give the corresponding methyl ketones, which in turn are α‐alkylated by adding pentamethylcyclopentadienyliridium(III) chloride ([Cp*IrCl2]2)/KOtBu and alcohols to the reaction mixture. Notably, this reaction is highly attractive because of easily available starting materials, high atom efficiency, good to excellent yields, and minimal consumption of chemicals and energy. The present research will also facilitate the development of one‐pot, sequential, catalytic reactions based on “hydrogen autotransfer” (or “hydrogen‐borrowing”) processes.
Aufklärung des Bildungsmechanismus von Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexen und Identifizierung von Intermediaten mithilfe von NMR‐Titration und Diffusions‐NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Niermeier Philipp , Mix Andreas , Chmiel Jasmin , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDie Bildung von Wirt(W)‐Gast(G)‐Komplexen aus 1,8‐Bis[(diethylgallanyl)ethinyl]anthracen (W) und den N‐heterocyclischen Arenen Pyridin und Pyrimidin (G) wurde in Lösung durch Kombination von NMR‐Titration und Diffusions‐NMR‐Spektroskopie untersucht. Bei Letzterer wurden die Diffusionskoeffizienten der potenziell in Lösung vorliegenden Wirt‐Gast‐Strukturen mit denen speziell synthetisierter Referenzverbindungen (vollständig durch NMR, HRMS und – teilweise – XRD charakterisiert) verglichen. Beide Umsetzungen zeigen ein hochdynamisches Verhalten mit verschiedenen (intermediär) gebildeten W‐G‐Spezies und Gleichgewichten. Mit ansteigender Gast‐Konzentration wird im Fall von Pyridin die Bildung eines W2⇄W2κ1‐G1⇄WG2‐Gleichgewichtes (im zweiten Schritt koordiniert ein Gast‐Molekül an ein Wirt‐Dimer) und bei Pyrimidin eines Gleichgewichtes W2→W1κ2‐G1⇄WG2 (intermediär entsteht ein 1:1‐Komplex) beobachtet.
In‐situ‐Abfangmethode zur Metallierung funktionalisierter Arene und Heteroarene mit TMPLi in Gegenwart von ZnCl2 und anderen Metallsalzen
Authors: Frischmuth Annette , Fernández Maitane , Barl Nadja M. , Achrainer Florian , Zipse Hendrik , Berionni Guillaume , Mayr Herbert , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractZugabe von TMPLi zu Mischungen einer aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Verbindung und eines Metallsalzes, beispielsweise MgCl2, ZnCl2 oder CuCN, bei −78 °C führt zunächst zu einer Lithiierung des Arens gefolgt von einer Transmetallierung mit dem Metallsalz zu funktionalisierten Mg‐, Zn‐ bzw. Cu‐Organometallverbindungen. Diese In‐situ‐Abfangmethode ermöglicht die schnelle Metallierung einer Vielzahl an empfindlichen Pyridinen (mit Nitro‐, Ester‐, oder Cyangruppen) und gestattet die Herstellung kinetischer Regioisomere funktionalisierter Arene und Heterocyclen, die durch übliche Metallierungsreagentien wie TMPMgCl⋅LiCl oder TMPZnCl⋅LiCl nicht zugänglich sind.
Highly Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cyclohexanes Catalyzed by Modularly Designed Organocatalysts
Authors: Rana Nirmal K. , Huang Huicai , Zhao John C.‐G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA highly diastereodivergent synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclohexanes has been achieved using modularly designed organocatalysts (MDOs) which are self‐assembled in situ from amino acids and cinchona alkaloid derivatives. Diastereodivergence is realized through controlling the stereoselectivity of the individual steps of a tandem Michael/Michael reaction. Up to 8 of the 16 possible stereoisomers have been successfully obtained in high stereoselectivities using MDOs for the tandem reaction and an ensuing epimerization. The method was used in the enantioselective synthesis of the natural products (−)‐α‐ and β‐lycoranes.
Cascade Nitration/Cyclization of 1,7‐Enynes with tBuONO and H2O: One‐Pot Self‐Assembly of Pyrrolo[4,3,2‐de]quinolinones
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Song Ren‐Jie , Qian Peng‐Cheng , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHere we describe the one‐pot construction of the pyrrolo[4,3,2‐de]quinolinone scaffold by a cascade nitration/cyclization sequence of 1,7‐enynes with tBuONO and H2O. The cascade proceeds through alkene nitration, 1,7‐enyne 6‐exo‐trig cyclization, CH nitrations, and redox cyclization, and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance. The mechanism was investigated using in situ high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS).
Group II Metal Complexes of the Germylidendiide Dianion Radical and Germylidenide Anion
Authors: Chia Siew‐Peng , Carter Emma , Xi Hong‐Wei , Li Yongxin , So Cheuk‐Wai 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe two‐electron reduction of a Group 14‐element(I) complex [RË⋅] (E=Ge, R=supporting ligand) to form a novel low‐valent dianion radical with the composition [RË:]. 2− is reported. The reaction of [LGeCl] (1, L=2,6‐(CHNAr)2C6H3, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with excess calcium in THF at room temperature afforded the germylidenediide dianion radical complex [LGe]. 2−⋅Ca(THF)32+ (2). The reaction proceeds through the formation of the germanium(I) radical [LGe⋅], which then undergoes a two‐electron reduction with calcium to form 2. EPR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and theoretical studies show that the germanium center in 2 has two lone pairs of electrons and the radical is delocalized over the germanium‐containing heterocycle. In contrast, the magnesium derivative of the germylidendiide dianion radical is unstable and undergoes dimerization with concurrent dearomatization to form the germylidenide anion complex [C6H3‐2‐{C(H)NAr}Ge‐Mg‐6‐{C(H)‐NAr}]2 (3).
Sugar‐based Molecular Computing by Material Implication
Authors: Elstner Martin , Axthelm Jörg , Schiller Alexander 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA method to integrate an (in principle) unlimited number of molecular logic gates to construct complex circuits is presented. Logic circuits, such as half‐ or full‐adders, can be reinterpreted by using the functional completeness of the implication function (IMP) and the trivial FALSE operation. The molecular gate IMP is represented by a fluorescent boronic acid sugar probe. An external wiring algorithm translates the fluorescent output from one gate into a chemical input for the next gate on microtiter plates. This process is demonstrated on a four‐bit full adder.
Characterization of chemical constituents and rats metabolites of Shuanghua Baihe tablets by HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Zheng Lu , Cong Haijian , Xue Ming , Xiang Ting , Yao Zhongqing , Wu Bin , Lin Wenhui 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was established to detect as many constituents in rat biological fluids as possible after oral administration of Shuanghua Baihe tablets (SBT). An Agilent Poroshell 120 EC‐C18 column was adopted to separate the samples, and mass spectra were acquired in positive and negative modes. First, the fingerprints of SBT were established, resulting in 32 components being detected within 40 min. Among these compounds, 12 were tentatively identified by comparing the retention times and mass spectral data with those of reference standards and the reference literature; the other 20 components were tentatively assigned solely based on the MS data. Furthermore, metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of SBT were also analyzed. A total of 19 compounds were identified, including 13 prototypes and six metabolites through metabolic pathways of demethylation and glucuronide conjugation. Glucuronidated alkaloids were the main constituents in the plasma, and were then excreted from urine. This is the first systematic study on the metabolic profiling of SBT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanosensing of cells in 3D gel matrices based on natural and synthetic materials
Authors: Shan Jieling , Chi Qingjia , Wang Hongbing , Huang Qiping , Yang Li , Yu Guanglei , Zou Xiaobing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCells in vivo typically are found in 3D matrices, the mechanical stiffness of which is important to the cell and tissue‐scale biological processes. Although it is well characterized that as to how cells sense matrix stiffness in 2D substrates, the scenario in 3D matrices needs to be explored. Thus, materials that can mimic native 3D environments and possess wide, physiologically relevant elasticity are highly desirable. Natural polymer‐based materials and synthetic hydrogels could provide an better 3D platforms to investigate the mechano‐response of cells with stiffness comparable to their native environments. However, the limited stiffness range together with interdependence of matrix stiffness and adhesive ligand density are inherent in many kinds of materials, and hinder efforts to demonstrate the true effects contributed by matrix stiffness. These problems have been addressed by the recently emerging exquisitely designed materials based on native matrix components, designer matrices, and synthetic polymers. In this review, a variety of materials with a wide stiffness range that mimic the mechanical environment of native 3D matrices and the independent affection of stiffness for cellular behavior and tissue‐level processes are discussed.
Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of Pluraflavin A
Authors: Hartung John , J. D. Wright Benjamin , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA synthetic strategy towards the potent cytostatic agent pluraflavin A has been developed. Formation of the enantioenriched anthrapyran core bearing a halogen atom enabled the introduction of the α C‐aryl glycoside by Stille cross‐coupling and subsequent hydrogenation of the aryl glycal. Chemo‐ and stereoselective O‐glycosylations of α oliose and β 3‐epi vancosamine residues afforded a fully glycosylated aromatic core. Attempts to install the dimethylamino group of the C‐disaccharide suggest that introduction of an azide group by displacement and subsequent reduction may pave the way to the total synthesis of pluraflavin A.
Tailoring 3,3′‐Dihydroxyisorenieratene to Hydroxystilbene: Finding a Resveratrol Analogue with Increased Antiproliferation Activity and Cell Selectivity
Authors: Kang Yan‐Fei , Yan Wen‐Jing , Zhou Ting‐Wen , Dai Fang , Li Xiu‐Zhuang , Bao Xia‐Zhen , Du Yu‐Ting , Yuan Cui‐Hong , Wang Hai‐Bo , Ren Xiao‐Rong , Liu Qiang , Jin Xiao‐Ling , Zhou Bo , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFour novel compounds were designed by “tailoring” 3,3′‐dihydroxyisorenieratene (a natural carotenoid) based on an isoprene unit retention truncation strategy. Among them, the smallest molecule 1 (2,3,6,2′,3′,6′‐hexamethyl‐4,4′‐dihydroxy‐trans‐stilbene) was concisely synthesized in a one‐pot Stille–Heck tandem sequence, and surfaced as a promising lead molecule in terms of its selective antiproliferative activity mediated by blocking the NCI‐H460 cell cycle in G1 phase. Additionally, theoretical calculations and cell uptake experiments indicate that the unique polymethylation pattern of compound 1 significantly induces a conformational change shift out of planarity and increases its cell uptake and metabolic stability. The observation should be helpful to rationally design resveratrol‐inspired antiproliferative agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Acidity Constants of Some Important Selenium Oxoacids in Aqueous Solution by Computational Techniques.
Authors: Abedi Mostafa , Farrokhpour Hossein , Farnia Solaleh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe acidity constants (pKa) of two important series of selenium oxoacids including H2SeOn (n = 1‐5) and H2Se2On (n = 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7) are predicted by two different computational methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Layered B‐Site Cation Ordering: A Key Factor in Ferrimagnetism of Y2MnCrO6.
Authors: Hao Lin , Yang Lei , Lee Ming‐Hsien , Lin Tseh‐Hsing , Zhang ZhongFeng , Xie XiangNan , Zhu Hong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe structure of the title compound is determined by Rietveld refinement of powder XRD data (space group P21/b).
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Electrochemical Performance of Ag‐Modified Li4Ti5O12 Anode Material in a Broad Voltage Window.
Authors: Zhu Yan‐Rong , Yi Ting‐Feng , Ma Hong‐Tao , Ma Yong‐Quan , Jiang Li‐Juan , Zhu Rong‐Sun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLi4Ti5O12/Ag composites are prepared by solid state reaction of Li2CO3, TiO2, and AgNO3 (air, 850 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Crystalline Multimetallic Nanoframes with Three‐Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces.
Authors: Chen C. , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPt3Ni nanoframes are prepared by dispersing PtNi3 nanopolyhedra (obtained from an aqueous mixture of H2PtCl6, Ni(NO3)2, and oleylamine at 160 °C for 2—3 min followed by heating up to 270 °C under Ar) in nonpolar solvents such as hexane and chloroform under ambient conditions for 14 d followed by heating in air (120 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One Step Molten Salt Synthesis of YVO4 Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Properties under UV—Visible Light.
Authors: An Xiaoxin , Wang You , Deng Jinxia , Chen Jun , Yu Ranbo , Xing Xianran 
Published: June 2014

AbstractYVO4 nanoparticles are prepared by a one‐step molten salt synthesis using Y(NO3)3·6H2O, NH4VO3, and KNO3 in a molar ratio of 1:1:10 (alumina crucible, 350—600 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Step Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Mn‐Based Spinel Nanoparticles for Electro‐Catalytic Oxygen Reduction.
Authors: Liu Youlin , Wang Yingxia , Xu Xueyan , Sun Pingchuan , Chen Tiehong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMMn2O4 (M: Co, Zn, Cd) spinels are precipitated from stoichiometric aqueous acetate solutions using different concentrations of NaOH (0.15—0.3 M) at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Noble‐Gas Difluoride Complexes of Mercury(II): The Syntheses and Structures of Hg(OTeF5)2·1.5NgF2 (Ng: Xe, Kr) and Hg(OTeF5)2.
Authors: DeBackere John R. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe structures of (III) and (V) are characterized in the solid state by Raman spectroscopy and single crystal XRD, and in solution by 19F NMR spectroscopy for (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of a Mild Hydrothermal Approach Containing an in situ Reduction Step to the Growth of Single Crystals of the Quaternary U(IV)‐Containing Fluorides Na4MU6F30 (M: Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) Crystal Growth, Structures, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , Tapp Joshua , Moeller Angela , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compounds are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous mixtures of UO2(OAc)2, NaF, HF, and MCl2 (M: Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) or Cu(OAc)2 (autoclave, 200 °C, 1 d, 20, 70, 60, 80, and about 100% yield for Mn‐, Co‐, Ni‐, Zn‐, and Cu‐containing materials, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionothermal Synthesis of a New Open‐Framework Manganese(II) Diphosphate.
Authors: He Yongke , Yan Yan , Yang Fen , Wu Junbiao , Song Xiaowei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe new compound [H2en][MnP2O7] (I) is ionothermally synthesized from a mixture of MnCl2, BPO4, aq.