bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of a seasonal spawning area closure
Authors: Clarke J. , Bailey D. M. , Wright P. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFish that aggregate at predictable locations and times to spawn are often vulnerable to over-exploitation. Seasonal closures have often been implemented in an attempt to alleviate such impacts but the effectiveness of these measures is rarely tested. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a spawning closure for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Firth of Clyde off the Scottish West Coast (ICES Area VIa). This closure was introduced in March 2001 as an emergency measure to allow as many cod as possible to spawn and avoid the build-up of displaced effort from another spawning closure. Genetic, tagging, and otolith microchemistry investigations indicate that cod inhabiting the Clyde are reproductively isolated from other resident groups in the central and northern part of the Scottish West Coast stock. This study used a beyond-Before-After, Control-Impact approach to compare population trends of the Clyde spawning aggregation before and after the introduced area closure, using two other sub-population spawning grounds as control areas. There was no evidence of local recovery in terms of abundance, biomass, or reduced mortality in the Clyde more than a decade after establishing the closure. Mortality may have remained high because young cod are still caught as bycatch in the Nephrops fishery in the area and the predation rate may have increased due to an expanding whiting population. Considering the state of the already severely depleted Clyde sub-population when the closure was implemented the measure appears to have been too little and too late. The tendency to implement such spawning closures on nearly collapsed stocks may be why these measures often appear to have been ineffective.
Eleven Basic Procedures/Practices for Dental Patient Safety
Authors: Perea-Pérez Bernardo , Labajo-González Elena , Acosta-Gío A. Enrique , Yamalik Nermin 
Published: August 2015

Objectives
This study aimed to help alleviate the shortage of reliable information on clinical care issues; the Spanish Observatory of Dental Patient Safety (OESPO) has resorted to the study of legal claims by patients and searched those which produced clinical problems.

Methods
Based on OESPO data, this article proposes 11 basic procedures/practices for dental patient safety to help mitigate most preventable adverse events.

Results
The sample of the OESPO is large (415 adverse events studied), but it has the bias of a judicial source. However, the results provide an interesting approach to clinical safety in dentistry. When studying in detail the causes that led to preventable adverse events, it can be seen that most of these (and most severe) events have been caused by a small number of erroneous behaviors.

Conclusions
Most preventable adverse events during the dental health care are produced by a relatively small number of causes. Therefore, a few basic safety procedures can reduce significantly these preventable adverse events.
A computational approach to estimating nondisjunction frequency inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chu Daniel B. , Burgess Sean M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractErrors segregating homologous chromosomes during meiosis result in the formation of aneuploid gametes and are the largest contributing factor to birth defects and spontaneous abortions in humans.Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas long served as a model organism for studying the gene network supporting normal chromosome segregation. Current methods of measuring homolog nondisjunction frequencies are laborious and involve dissecting thousands of tetrads to detect missegregation of individually marked chromosomes. Here we describe a holistic computational approach to determine the relative contributions of meiosis I nondisjunction and random spore death in mutants with reduced spore viability. These values are based on best-fit distributions of 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0 viable-spore tetrads to observed distributions in mutant and wild-type strains. We show proof-of-principle using published data sets that the calculated average meiosis I nondisjunction frequency closely matches empirically determined values. This analysis also points to meiosis I nondisjunction as an intrinsic component of spore inviability in wild-type strains. We uncover two classes of mutants that show distinct relationships between nondisjunction death and random spore death. Class I mutants, including those with known defects in establishing and maintaining the physical engagement of homologous chromosomes display a 4-fold greater ratio of nondisjunction death to random spore death compared to Class II mutants, which include those with defects in sister chromatid cohesion. Low numbers of required tetrads facilitates epistasis analysis to probe genetic interactions. Finally the application of the R-Scripts does not require any special strain construction and can be applied to previously observed tetrad distributions.
Genomic analysis of allele-specific expression in the mouse liver
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh K. , Williams Robert W. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTGenetic differences in gene expression contribute significantly to phenotypic diversity and differences in disease susceptibility. In fact, the great majority of causal variants highlighted by genome-wide association are in non-coding regions that modulate expression. In order to quantify the extent of allelic differences in expression, we analyzed liver transcriptomes of isogenic F1 hybrid mice. Allele-specific expression (ASE) effects are pervasive and are detected in over 50% of assayed genes. Genes with strong ASE do not differ from those with no ASE with respect to their length or promoter complexity. However, they have a higher density of sequence variants, higher functional redundancy, and lower evolutionary conservation compared to genes with no ASE. Fifty percent of genes with no ASE are categorized as house-keeping genes. In contrast, the high ASE set may be critical in phenotype canalization. There is significant overlap between genes that exhibit ASE and those that exhibit strongcisexpression quantitative trait loci (ciseQTLs) identified using large genetic expression data sets. Eighty percent of genes withciseQTLs also have strong ASE effects. Conversely, 40% of genes with ASE effects are associated with strongciseQTLs.Cis-acting variation detected at the protein level is also detected at the transcript level, but the converse is not true. ASE is a highly sensitive and direct method to quantifycis-acting variation in gene expression and complements and extends classicciseQTL analysis. ASE differences can be combined with coding variants to produce a key resource of functional variants for precision medicine and genome-to-phenome mapping.
Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a phase II, open‐label, uncontrolled trial in Japan
Authors: Tsurudome Yukari , Kimachi Kazuhiko , Okada Yusuke , Matsuura Kenta , Ooyama Yusuke , Ibaragi Kayo , Kino Yoichiro , Ueda Kohji 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo antigenically distinct B strain lineages of influenza virus have co‐circulated since the mid‐1980s; however, inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines contain only one B lineage. The mismatch between the circulating and vaccine lineages has been a worldwide issue. In this study, an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) candidate containing two B lineages was manufactured and its immunogenicity and safety evaluated in an open‐label, uncontrolled trial. In this phase II trial, 50 subjects aged 20–64 years received two doses of QIV s.c. 1 to 4 weeks apart. Sera were collected pre‐ and post‐vaccination and safety assessed from the first vaccination to 21 ± 7 days after the second vaccination. After the first vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition titers against each strain increased markedly; the seroconversion rate, geometric mean titer ratio and seroprotection rate being 94.0%, 24.93, and 100.0%, respectively, for the A/H1N1pdm09 strain; 94.0%, 12.47, and 98.0%, respectively, for the A/H3N2 strain; 54.0%, 4.99, and 66.0%, respectively, for B/Yamagata strain, and 72.0%, 6.23 and 80.0%, respectively, for the B/Victoria strain, thus fulfilling the criteria of the European Medical Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Also, the QIV induced sufficient single radial hemolysis and neutralizing antibodies against all four vaccine strains. No noteworthy adverse events were noted. The results of this trial demonstrate that QIV is well tolerated and immunogenic for each strain, suggesting that QIV potentially improves protection against influenza B by resolving the issue of B lineage mismatch.
Examination of a plasmid‐based reverse genetics system for human astrovirus
Authors: Chapellier Benoit , Tange Shoichiro , Tasaki Hidetaka , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Zhou Yan , Sakon Naomi , Katayama Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Akira 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA plasmid‐based reverse genetics system for human astrovirus type 1 (HAstV1) is examined. Upon transfection into 293T cells, the plasmid vector, which harbors a HAstV1 expression cassette, expressed astroviral RNA that appeared to be capable of viral RNA replication, as indicated by the production of subgenomic RNA and capsid protein expression irrespective of the heterologous 5′ ends of the transcribed RNA. Particles infectious to Caco‐2 cells were made in this system; however, their infectivity was much lower than would be expected from the amount of particles apparently produced. Using Huh‐7 cells as the transfection host with the aim of improving viral capsid processing for virion maturation partially restored the efficiency of infectious particle formation. Our results support the possibility that the DNA transfection process induces a cellular response that targets late, but not early, stages of HAstV1 infection.
Ample germination ability under wide‐ranging environmental conditions in a common understory tropical palm
Authors: Braz Maria Isabel Guedes , Ferreira Raquel de Moura , Portela Rita de Cássia Quitete , Mattos Eduardo Arcoverde de 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough palms play an important ecological role in tropical forests, characteristics related to their germinative niche remain largely unknown. We evaluated the seed germination characteristics of Geonoma schottiana, an abundant palm in the understory of different ecosystems of the Atlantic Rain Forest biome and the gallery forests of the Cerrado biome. We conducted experiments under light and dark conditions at Ψ = 0 MPa, and under two low‐water‐potential conditions and a flooded condition. Seed germination was highest at Ψ = 0 MPa under light (72%) and dark (67%) conditions. We observed moderate (51%) and low (18%) seed germination at Ψ = −0.4 and −0.8 MPa. About 20% of ungerminated seeds subjected to low water potentials for 300 days remained viable. No seeds germinated under flooded conditions; however, 23% of them maintained germinability. A delay in seed germination time was observed at low water potentials and an increase in synchrony occurred at Ψ = −0.8 MPa. G. schottiana seeds did not require specific light conditions to germinate, and the species possesses germinative characteristics to cope with deficit and excess of water. Probably, this wide germination niche allows for its seeds to germinate over a wide range of habitats in different types of ecosystems.
Diet specialization selects for an unusual and simplified gut microbiota in two‐ and three‐toed sloths
Authors: Dill‐McFarland Kimberly A. , Weimer Paul J. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Peery M. Zachariah , Suen Garret 
Published: August 2015

SummarySymbiotic microbial communities are critical to the function and survival of animals. This relationship is obligatory for herbivores that engage gut microorganisms for the conversion of dietary plant materials into nutrients such as short‐chain organic acids (SCOAs). The constraint on body size imposed by their arboreal lifestyle is thought to make this symbiosis especially important for sloths. Here, we use next‐generation sequencing to identify the bacteria present in the fore and distal guts of wild two‐ and three‐toed sloths, and correlate these communities with both diet and SCOAs. We show that, unlike other mammalian herbivores, sloth gut communities are dominated by the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Specifically, three‐toed sloths possess a highly conserved, low‐diversity foregut community with a highly abundant Neisseria species associated with foregut lactate. In contrast, two‐toed sloths have a more variable and diverse foregut microbiota correlated with a variety of SCOAs. These differences support the hypothesis that feeding behaviour selects for specific gut bacterial communities, as three‐toed sloths subsist primarily on Cecropia tree leaves while two‐toed sloths have a more generalist diet. The less diverse diet and gut microbiota of three‐toed sloths may render them more susceptible to habitat loss and other diet‐altering conditions.
The analytic setting today: using the couch or the chair?
Authors: Wiener Jan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper re‐visits Murray Jackson's 1961 paper in the Journal of Analytical Psychology, ‘Chair, couch and countertransference’, with the aim of exploring the role of the couch for Jungian analysts in clinical practice today. Within the Society of Analytical Psychology (SAP) and some other London‐based societies, there has been an evolution of practice from face‐to‐face sessions with the patient in the chair, as was Jung's preference, to a mode of practice where patients use the couch with the analyst sitting to the side rather than behind, as has been the tradition in psychoanalysis. Fordham was the founding member of the SAP and it was because of his liaison with psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts that this cultural shift came about. Using clinical examples, the author explores the couch/chair question in terms of her own practice and the internal setting as a structure in her mind. With reference to Bleger's (2013) paper ‘Psychoanalysis of the psychoanalytic setting’, the author discusses how the analytic setting, including use of the couch or the chair, can act as a silent container for the most primitive aspects of the patient's psyche which will only emerge in analysis when the setting changes or is breached.
Revisioning Fordham's ‘Defences of the self’ in light of modern relational theory and contemporary neuroscience
Authors: Kalsched Donald E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper explores the evolution of Michael Fordham's ideas concerning ‘defences of the self’, including his application of this concept to a group of ‘difficult’ adult patients in his famous 1974 paper by the same name. After tracing the relevance of Fordham's ideas to my own discovery of a ‘self‐care system’ in the psychological material of early trauma patients (Kalsched ), I describe how Fordham's seminal notions might be revisioned in light of contemporary relational theory as well as early attachment theory and affective neuroscience. These revisionings involve an awareness that the severe woundings of early unremembered trauma are not transformable through interpretation but will inevitably be repeated in the transference, leading to mutual ‘enactments’ between the analytic partners and, hopefully, to a new outcome. A clinical example of one such mutual enactment between the author and his patient is provided. The paper concludes with reflections on the clinical implications of this difficult case and what it means to become a ‘real person’ to our patients. Finally, Jung's alchemical views on transference are shown to be useful analogies in our understanding of the necessary mutuality in the healing process with these patients.
Michael Fordham and the Journal of Analytical Psychology: the view from Hangman's Hill
Authors: Urban Elizabeth 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis short paper was presented to a conference in honour of the 60th year of the JAP and was one of others that acknowledged the contribution of Michael Fordham. The subtitle refers to the paper's overview of Fordham's published oeuvre and the particular place of the Journal of Analytical Psychology, for which he was the founding editor. Fordham's contribution to a Jungian‐based model of development is discussed, with reference to his papers in the British Journal of Medical Psychology. The paper notes miscellaneous pieces from Fordham's commentaries, obituaries, papers and reviews which capture not only the development of Fordham as a thinker but also his character. There is discussion of his reviews of Melanie Klein's Envy and Gratitude and manuscripts by Erich Neumann. A reminiscence of Fordham as supervisor is recounted.
A revolution of the mind: some implications of George Hogenson's ‘The Baldwin Effect: a neglected influence on C.G. Jung's evolutionary thinking’ (2001)
Authors: Colman Warren 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGeorge Hogenson's 2001 paper ‘The Baldwin Effect: a neglected influence on C.G. Jung's evolutionary thinking’ developed the radical argument that, if archetypes are emergent, they ‘do not exist in the sense that there is no place that the archetypes can be said to be’. In this paper, I show how Hogenson's thinking has been seminal to my own: it is not just archetypes but the mind itself that has no ‘place’. The mind is a dynamic system, emergent from the cultural environment of symbolic meanings to which humans are evolutionarily adapted. Drawing on the work of philosopher John Searle, I argue that symbols constitute the realities that they bring forth, including the imaginal realities of the psyche. The implications for clinical work include a rejection of structural models of the psyche in favour of the emergence of symbolic realities in the context of psychoanalysis as a distributed system of cognition.
Morphoscopic Trait Expression in “Hispanic” Populations
Authors: Hefner Joseph T. , Pilloud Marin A. , Black Cullen J. , Anderson Bruce E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates population variation of eight cranial morphoscopic traits using samples of known southwest Hispanics (n = 72), Guatemalans (n = 106), American Blacks (n = 146), and American Whites (n = 218). We applied the support vector machine (SVM) method to build a prediction model based on a subsample (20%) of the data; the remainder of the data was used as a test sample. The SVM approach effectively differentiated between the four groups with correct classification rates between 72% (Guatemalan group) and 94% (American Black group). However, when the Guatemalan and southwest Hispanic samples were pooled, the same model correctly classified all groups with a higher degree of accuracy (American Black = 96%; American White = 77%; and the pooled Hispanic sample = 91%). This study also identified significant differences between the two Hispanic groups in six of the eight traits using univariate statistical tests. These results speak to the unique population histories of these samples and the current use of the term “Hispanic” within forensic anthropology. Finally, we argue that the SVM can be used as a classification model for ancestry estimation in a forensic context and as a diagnostic tool may broaden the application of morphoscopic trait data for the assessment of ancestry.
FORENSIC Autopsy of People Having Committed Suicide in 2002 and in 2012: Comparison of Epidemiological and Sociological Data
Authors: Franchi Angélique , Bagur Jacques , Lemoine Patrick , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine , Malicier Daniel , Maujean Géraldine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis work compares epidemiological and sociological data on persons having committed suicide in 2002 and in 2012 through a retrospective study of every suicide case having led to an autopsy at the Institute for Forensic Medicine of Lyon in 2002 and in 2012. The study included sociodemographic data, medical data, and toxicological data. A total of 486 cases were included (242 cases in 2002 and 244 cases in 2012). People committing suicide were on average older in 2012 than in 2002 with a larger proportion of over 55. There was also an increase in the proportion of psychiatric antecedents (p < 0.001). Whatever the date of death by suicide, the most affected age range is the 45–54. The results highlight the necessity of bolstering the prevention plans, in particular for people over 45.
The Influence of New Technologies on the Visual Attention of CSIs Performing a Crime Scene Investigation
Authors: de Gruijter Madeleine , de Poot Christianne J. , Elffers Henk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCurrently, a series of promising new tools are under development that will enable crime scene investigators (CSIs) to analyze traces in situ during the crime scene investigation or enable them to detect blood and provide information on the age of blood. An experiment is conducted with thirty CSIs investigating a violent robbery at a mock crime scene to study the influence of such technologies on the perception and interpretation of traces during the first phase of the investigation. Results show that in their search for traces, CSIs are not directed by the availability of technologies, which is a reassuring finding. Qualitative findings suggest that CSIs are generally more focused on analyzing perpetrator traces than on reconstructing the event. A focus on perpetrator traces might become a risk when other crime‐related traces are overlooked, and when analyzed traces are in fact not crime‐related and in consequence lead to the identification of innocent suspects.
Validation of the New Interpretation of Gerasimov's Nasal Projection Method for Forensic Facial Approximation Using CT Data,
Authors: Maltais Lapointe Genevieve , Lynnerup Niels , Hoppa Robert D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe most common method to predict nasal projection for forensic facial approximation is Gerasimov's two‐tangent method. Ullrich H, Stephan CN (J Forensic Sci, 2011; 56: 470) argued that the method has not being properly implemented and a revised interpretation was proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of both versions using a sample of 66 postmortem cranial CT data. The true nasal tip was defined using pronasale and nasal spine line, as it was not originally specified by Gerasimov. The original guidelines were found to be highly inaccurate with the position of the nasal tip being overestimated by c. 2 cm. Despite the revised interpretation consistently resulting in smaller distance from true nasal tip, the method was not statistically accurate (p > 0.05) in positioning the tip of the nose (absolute distance >5 mm). These results support that Gerasimov's method was not properly performed, and Ullrich H, Stephan CN (J Forensic Sci, 2011; 56: 470) interpretation should be used instead.