bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and vascularization of the ventricular myocardium in Holocephali: their evolutionary significance
Authors: Durán Ana C. , López‐Unzu Miguel A. , Rodríguez Cristina , Fernández Borja , Lorenzale Miguel , Linares Andrea , Salmerón Francisca , Sans‐Coma Valentín 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt was generally assumed that the ventricle of the primitive vertebrate heart was composed of trabeculated, or spongy, myocardium, supplied by oxygen‐poor luminal blood. In addition, it was presumed that the mixed ventricular myocardium, consisting of a compacta and a spongiosa, and its supply through coronary arteries appeared several times throughout fish evolution. Recent work has suggested, however, that a fully vascularized, mixed myocardium may be the primitive condition in gnathostomes. The present study of the heart ventricles of four holocephalan species aimed to clarify this controversy. Our observations showed that the ventricular myocardium ofChimaera monstrosaandHarriotta raleighanaconsists of a very thin compacta overlying a widespread spongiosa. The ventricle ofHydrolagus affinisis composed exclusively of trabeculated myocardium. In these three species there is a well‐developed coronary artery system. The main coronary artery trunks run along the outflow tract, giving off subepicardial ventricular arteries. The trabeculae of the spongiosa are irrigated by branches of the subepicardial arteries and by penetrating arterial vessels arising directly from the main coronary trunks at the level of the conoventricular junction. The ventricle ofRhinochimaera atlanticahas only spongy myocardium supplied by luminal blood. Small coronary arterial vessels are present in the subepicardium, but they do not enter the myocardial trabeculae. The present findings show for the first time that in a wild living vertebrate species, specificallyH. affinis, an extensive coronary artery system supplying the whole cardiac ventricle exists in the absence of a well‐developed compact ventricular myocardium. This is consistent with the notion derived from experimental work that myocardial cell proliferation and coronary vascular growth rely on distinct developmental programs. Our observations, together with data in the literature on elasmobranchs, support the view that the mixed ventricular myocardium is primitive for chondrichthyans. The reduction or even lack of compacta in holocephali has to be regarded as a derived anatomical trait. Our findings also fit in with the view that the mixed myocardium was the primitive condition in gnathostomes, and that the absence of compact ventricular myocardium in different actinopterygian groups is the result of a repeated loss of such type of cardiac muscle during fish evolution.
Occlusal dysesthesia: a topical narrative review
Authors: Melis M. , Zawawi K. H. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryOcclusal dysesthesia (OD) is a disorder characterised by the sensation of uncomfortable bite with no obvious occlusal discrepancy. It is usually associated with emotional distress and is elicited by dental occlusal procedures. Multiple dental treatments are often provided to try to resolve the symptoms, but the outcome is usually dissatisfying for the dentist and disappointing for the patient. To summarise the specific features of OD, a PubMed search was carried out looking for all papers related to the topic. The references from the studies selected and from review articles were also examined for further relevant papers. A total of 138 articles were first identified, of which 18 of them were considered relevant to the topic. This article reviews the epidemiology, taxonomy and etio‐pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment of OD, with special relevance to issues of clinical importance and dental therapy. Any dental treatment must be avoided in patients with OD, because the results could be inadequate and it usually worsens the symptoms.
Effect of Delayed Bonding and Antioxidant Application on the Bond Strength to Enamel after Internal Bleaching
Authors: Kılınç Halil İbrahim , Aslan Tuğrul , Kılıç Kerem , Er Özgür , Kurt Gökmen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effect of delayed bonding and antioxidant application (AA, 10% sodium ascorbate) after internal bleaching (35% carbamide peroxide) on the shear bond strength of an adhesive cement to enamel.Materials and MethodsEighty‐four human maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated. The control group remained unbleached with no AA. Experimental groups were all internally bleached. The buccal enamel was finished and polished with metallographic paper to a refinement of #600, in order to obtain a 5‐mm2 flat bonding area. An adhesive cement (Clearfil Esthetic) was placed into a plastic tube with internal diameter of 3 mm and a 3‐mm height and cured on the enamel. Bonding occurred either immediately after bleaching (group Im), a 7‐day delay (group 7), or a 14‐day delay (group 14), and half the specimens were treated with antioxidant application (groups Im‐AA, 7‐AA, and 14‐AA). Shear bond strength testing was performed on a universal testing machine, and data were analyzed with ANOVA and Fisher test (5%).ResultsDelaying of bonding is a useful factor for enhancing shear bond strength (p < 0.05), whereas AA only enhanced shear bond strength after 7 days delayed bleaching (p < 0.05). The highest bond strength was noted in groups 7‐AA (20.51 ± 4.5 MPa), 14 (19.82 ± 4.6), 14‐AA (20.27 ± 4.4), and control (20.51 ± 5.1), which were not significantly different from each other.ConclusionsAfter internal bleaching, adhesive cementation to enamel is recommended only when delayed 14 days, or delayed 7 days with sodium ascorbate application.
Veneer Ceramic to Y‐TZP Bonding: Comparison of Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Kirmali Omer , Kapdan Alper , Kustarci Alper , Er Kursat 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various surface‐treatment techniques for enhancing the bond strength between veneering ceramic and yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y‐TZP).Materials and MethodsPre‐sintered Y‐TZP specimens were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the surface‐treatment technique used: (a) untreated (control); (b) air abrasion with aluminum oxide particles; (c) erbium, chromium:yttrium‐scandium‐gallium‐garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation at different energy intensities (1 to 6 W). All specimens were then sintered and veneered with veneering ceramic according to the manufacturer's instructions. The obtained zirconia‐ceramic specimens were immersed in 37°C distilled water for 24 hours before a shear bond strength test using a universal testing device at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The average values were calculated. After debonding, the Y‐TZP surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine their fracture pattern, and the surface topography was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy after surface treatments.ResultsThe bond strength ranged from 13.24 to 20.54 MPa. All surface treatments increased the bond strength between the veneering ceramic and Y‐TZP; however, the value for the 6 W irradiation group was significantly different from the values for other groups (p ˂ 0.05).ConclusionsThe present study's findings showed that higher energy densities were needed for the laser irradiation to improve the bond strength between the veneering ceramic and zirconia. Clinical Implication: Y‐TZP is commonly used as a core material in fixed restorations. The bond strength between zirconia and the veneering ceramic can be affected by various surface treatments.
Enhancement of skin permeation of flurbiprofen via its transdermal patches using isopulegol decanoate (ISO-C10) as an absorption enhancer: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation
Authors: Chen Yang , Quan Peng , Liu Xiaochang , Guo Wenjia , Song Wenting , Cun Dongmei , Wang Zhongyan , Fang Liang 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to prepare a transdermal patch for flurbiprofen using isopulegol decanoate (ISO-C10) as a permeation enhancer, and to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo percutaneous permeation of the drug, as well as the pharmacodynamic efficacy of the formulation.

Methods
The permeation experiments were conducted on rabbit skin, and the pharmacokinetic profiles and synovial fluid drug concentration were measured after in-vivo transdermal administration. A deconvolution approach was employed to analyse the correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo drug permeation. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were, respectively, assessed using the adjuvant arthritis model and the acetic acid induced pain model.

Key findings
ISO-C10 could increase the in-vitro permeation of flurbiprofen from 46.22 ± 5.65 μg/cm2 to 101.07 ± 10.85 μg/cm2. The in-vivo absorption of the drug was also improved by the enhancer, and a good linear correlation was observed between the in-vitro and in-vivo drug permeation. Meanwhile, the ISO-C10 contained patches increased the drug disposition in synovial fluid and enhanced the pharmacodynamic efficacy of the formulation.

Conclusions
ISO-C10 would be a promising permeation enhancer for improving the in-vitro and in-vivo delivery of flurbiprofen from its transdermal patches.
Effect of treatment willingness on specialist assessment and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who use drugs: the ETHOS study
Authors: Alavi M. , Micallef M. , Fortier E. , Dunlop A. J. , Balcomb A. C. , Day C. A. , Treloar C. , Bath N. , Haber P. S. , Dore G. J. , Grebely J. ,   the ETHOS Study Group
Published: May 2015

SummaryAmong people who inject drugs (PWID) with chronic HCV, the association between HCV treatment willingness and intent, and HCV specialist assessment and treatment were evaluated. The Enhancing Treatment for Hepatitis C in Opioid Substitution Settings (ETHOS) is a prospective observational cohort. Recruitment was through six opioid substitution treatment clinics, two community health centres and one Aboriginal community controlled health organisation in Australia. Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Among 415 participants (mean age 41 years, 71% male), 67% were ‘definitely willing’ to receive HCV treatment and 70% reported plans to initiate therapy 12 months postenrolment. Those definitely willing to receive HCV treatment were more likely to undergo specialist assessment (64% vs 32%, P < 0.001) and initiate therapy (36% vs 9%, P < 0.001), compared to those with lower treatment willingness. Those with early HCV treatment plans were more likely to undergo specialist assessment (65% vs 27%, P < 0.001) and initiate therapy (36% vs 5%, P < 0.001), compared to those without early plans. In adjusted analyses, HCV treatment willingness independently predicted specialist assessment (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.90, 4.94) and treatment uptake (aOR 4.33, 95% CI 2.14, 8.76). In adjusted analysis, having early HCV treatment plans independently predicted specialist assessment (aOR 4.38, 95% CI 2.63, 7.29) and treatment uptake (aOR 9.79, 95% CI 3.70, 25.93). HCV treatment willingness was high and predicted specialist assessment and treatment. Strategies for enhanced HCV care should be developed with an initial focus on people willing to receive treatment and to increase treatment willingness among those less willing.
Feeding preferences and responses to prey in insular neonatal Florida cottonmouth snakes
Authors: Lillywhite H. B. , Pfaller J. B. , Sheehy C. M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCottonmouth snakes residing on certain Gulf coastal islands of Florida feed largely by scavenging fish that are dropped or regurgitated by colonial nesting birds. Because of the relative isolation of these snakes and their long association with bird rookeries, it is of interest to inquire whether snakes exhibit any dietary preference, or whether consumption of fish remains strictly opportunistic. Here we examine whether there are differences in prey acceptance between insular and mainland naive, neonatal cottonmouths, and whether insular snakes develop preferences for particular prey items. We report that both insular and mainland snakes accept a range of similar prey items including fish, mice and lizards. We also report that naive insular neonates tend to accept fish earlier following birth than they accept mammalian prey. When naive neonates are fed only a single specific prey item, fish or mammal, during the first year of life, individuals preferentially follow odors that are associated with the sole dietary prey to which they have been conditioned. However, following conditioning on either prey category (fish or mice) these snakes also eat the non‐conditioned prey (mice or fish, respectively) when presented with the opportunity. Our results suggest that young cottonmouths might adjust foraging strategy to match prey availability, while retaining flexibility in feeding behavior based in inherent dietary breadth. Thus, the insular population can occupy a broad trophic niche while fine‐tuning foraging behaviors to match the local conditions.
Systemic cytosolic Ca2+ elevation is activated upon wounding and herbivory in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kiep Victoria , Vadassery Jyothilakshmi , Lattke Justus , Maaß Jan‐Peter , Boland Wilhelm , Peiter Edgar , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Calcium ion (Ca2+) signalling triggered by insect herbivory is an intricate network with multiple components, involving positive and negative regulators. Real‐time, noninvasive imaging of entire Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes was employed to monitor cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevations in local and systemic leaves in response to wounding and Spodoptera littoralis feeding.

Luminescence emitted by the cytosol‐localized Ca2+ reporter aequorin was imaged using a high‐resolution photon‐counting camera system.

Spodoptera littoralis feeding on Arabidopsis induced both local and systemic [Ca2+]cyt elevations. Systemic [Ca2+]cyt signals were found predominantly in adjacent leaves with direct vascular connections to the treated leaf and appeared with a delay of 1 to 2 min. Simulated herbivory by wounding always induced a local [Ca2+]cyt response, but a systemic one only when the midrib was wounded. This systemic [Ca2+]cyt response was suppressed by the presence of insect‐derived oral secretions as well as in a mutant of the vacuolar cation channel, Two Pore Channel 1 (TPC1).

Our results provide evidence that in Arabidopsis insect herbivory induces both local and systemic [Ca2+]cyt signals that distribute within the vascular system. The systemic [Ca2+]cyt signal could play an important signalling role in systemic plant defence.
Kinetic Model of Photoautotrophic Growth of Chlorella sp. Microalga, Isolated from the Setúbal Lagoon
Authors: Heinrich Josué Miguel , Irazoqui Horacio Antonio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, a kinetic expression relating light availability in the culture medium with the rate of microalgal growth is obtained. This expression, which is valid for low illumination conditions, was derived from the reactions that take part in the light‐dependent stage of photosynthesis. The kinetic expression obtained is a function of the biomass concentration in the culture, as well as of the local volumetric rate of absorption of photons, and only includes two adjustable parameters. To determine the value of these parameters and to test the validity of the hypotheses made, autotrophic cultures of the Chlorella sp. strain were carried out in a modified BBM medium at three CO2 concentrations in the gas stream, namely 0.034%, 0.34% and 3.4%. Moreover, the local volumetric rate of photon absorption was predicted based on a physical model of the interaction of the radiant energy with the suspended biomass, together with a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. The proposed intrinsic expression of the biomass growth rate, together with the Monte Carlo radiation field simulator, are key to scale up photobioreactors when operating under low irradiation conditions, independently of the configuration of the reactor and of its light source.
How Does Photoreceptor UVR8 Perceive a UV‐B Signal?
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Montano Sherwin , Ren Zhong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUVR8 is the only known plant photoreceptor that mediates light responses to UV‐B (280–315 nm) of the solar spectrum. UVR8 perceives a UV‐B signal via light‐induced dimer dissociation, which triggers a wide range of cellular responses involved in photomorphogenesis and photoprotection. Two recent crystal structures of Arabidopsis thaliana UVR8 (AtUVR8) have revealed unusual clustering of UV‐B‐absorbing Trp pigments at the dimer interface and provided a structural framework for further mechanistic investigation. This review summarizes recent advances in spectroscopic, computational and crystallographic studies on UVR8 that are directed toward full understanding of UV‐B perception at the molecular level.
Species from the Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum boninense and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexes associated with tree tomato and mango crops in Colombia
Authors: Pardo‐De la Hoz C. J. , Calderón C. , Rincón A. M. , Cárdenas M. , Danies G. , López‐Kleine L. , Restrepo S. , Jiménez P. 
Published: May 2015

Colletotrichum species cause typical anthracnose symptoms in tree tomato and mango. To characterize species of Colletotrichum in these two crops in Colombia, 91 isolates were collected from several localities. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear gene sequencing of the ITS region and the glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene allowed the identification of three groups: acutatum, gloeosporioides and boninense. These three groups were further confirmed using two additional genomic regions (chitin synthase 1 and actin) for 30 isolates representative of the three previously identified complexes and one genomic region (ApMat) for the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex strains. The entire approach permitted a robust strain identification that allowed phylogenetic species recognition (PSR) based on the identification of well‐supported monophyletic clades and concordance between individual and multilocus phylogenies. Morphological and physiological assays were also conducted. Isolates that were morphologically identified as C. gloeosporioides showed high phenotypic diversity. Pathogenicity data revealed a considerable degree of host preference.
Comparison of in‐hospital mortality in patients with COPD, asthma and asthma–COPD overlap exacerbations
Authors: Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Hasegawa Wakae , Jo Taisuke , Takami Kazutaka , Fushimi Kiyohide , Nagase Takahide 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveObstructive airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have airflow limitation associated with chronic inflammation. Using a national inpatient database in Japan, we aimed to evaluate factors affecting in‐hospital mortality in patients with asthma, COPD or asthma–COPD overlap (ACO).MethodsWe retrospectively collected data for inpatients (age >40 years) with exacerbation of COPD and/or asthma in 1073 hospitals across Japan between July 2010 and May 2013. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association of various factors with all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, including diagnosis of ACO, asthma alone and COPD alone.ResultsOf 30 405 eligible patients, in‐hospital mortality in patients with ACO, asthma alone and COPD alone was 2.3%, 1.2% and 9.7%, respectively. COPD patients had a significantly higher mortality than ACO patients (odds ratio 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.38–2.79); patients with asthma alone showed lower mortality (0.70; 0.50–0.97). Higher mortality was also significantly associated with older age, male gender, lower body mass index, more severe dyspnoea, lower level of consciousness, worse activities of daily life and higher daily dose of corticosteroids.ConclusionAsthma alone was associated with lower mortality, but COPD alone was associated with higher mortality than ACO.
Detecting Relevant Changes in Time Series Models
Authors: Dette Holger , Wied Dominik 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMost of the literature on change point analysis by means of hypothesis testing considers hypotheses of the form H0:θ1=θ2 versus H1:θ1≠θ2, where θ1 and θ2 denote parameters of the process before and after a change point. The paper takes a different perspective and investigates the null hypotheses of no relevant changes, i.e. H0:‖θ1−θ2‖⩽Δ, where ‖·‖ is an appropriate norm. This formulation of the testing problem is motivated by the fact that in many applications a modification of the statistical analysis might not be necessary, if the difference between the parameters before and after the change point is small. A general approach to problems of this type is developed which is based on the cumulative sum principle. For the asymptotic analysis weak convergence of the sequential empirical process must be established under the alternative of non-stationarity, and it is shown that the resulting test statistic is asymptotically normally distributed. The results can also be used to establish similarity of the parameters, i.e. H1:‖θ1−θ2‖⩽Δ, at a controlled type 1 error and to estimate the magnitude ‖θ1−θ2‖ of the change with a corresponding confidence interval. Several applications of the methodology are given including tests for relevant changes in the mean, variance, parameter in a linear regression model and distribution function among others. The finite sample properties of the new tests are investigated by means of a simulation study and illustrated by analysing a data example from portfolio management.
Cost‐effectiveness of Babesia microti antibody and nucleic acid blood donation screening using results from prospective investigational studies
Authors: Bish Ebru K. , Moritz Erin D. , El‐Amine Hadi , Bish Douglas R. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDBabesia microti causes transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis (TTB); currently, blood donor screening assays are unlicensed but used investigationally.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe developed a decision tree model assessing the comparative‐ and cost‐effectiveness of B. microti blood donation screening strategies in endemic areas compared to the status quo (question regarding a history of babesiosis), including testing by: 1) universal antibody (Ab), 2) universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 3) universal Ab/PCR, and 4) recipient risk–targeted Ab/PCR. The model predicted the number of TTB cases, complicated TTB cases, cases averted, and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Economic outcomes included each strategy's per‐donation cost, waste (number of infection‐free units incorrectly discarded), and waste index (number wasted units/number true positives). Sensitivity analyses examined uncertainty in transmission probabilities, prevalence rates, and other key model inputs.RESULTSUniversal PCR in four endemic states would prevent 24 to 31 TTB cases/100,000 units transfused (pht) at an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $26,000 to $44,000/QALY (transmission probability dependent) and waste index of zero. Universal Ab/PCR would prevent 33 to 42 TTB cases pht at an ICER of $54,000 to $83,000/QALY and waste index of 0.05. The questionnaire is most wasteful (99.62 units wasted pht; 208.62 waste index), followed by the risk‐targeted strategy (76.27 units wasted pht; 0.68 waste index). The model predicted zero cases of TTB or complicated TTB with universal Ab/PCR (versus [33, 42] and [13, 18] pht, respectively [no screening]). Results are highly sensitive to transmission probabilities.CONCLUSIONSUniversal PCR in endemic states is an effective blood donation screening strategy at a threshold of $50,000/QALY. Using a higher cost‐effectiveness ratio, universal Ab/PCR is the most effective strategy.