bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Selection of Safe Water Supply Solutions for Emerging Regions: A Demography Based Demand Driven Approach
Authors: Arif Shaiful , Siddique Zahed 
Published: September 2013

Due to global climate change, increase in pollution along with reduced quantity of drinking water compared to the total volume of water, the scarcity of potable water is declining gradually. Researchers have become increasingly interested in efficient design of treatment processes, but, there is a lack of research to investigate appropriate, applicable, low cost and simple water treatment processes for underprivileged communities. Providing safe drinking water in these communities is more challenging due to limitation of resources and infrastructure.
In this paper we developed a mathematical foundation of Demography Based Demand Driven (DBDD) approach to capture and identify design alternatives (combination of different treatment processes). The developed approach assists to identify, extract, categorize, and compare water related attributes associated with a community and mapped onto source model to identify and select a set of feasible treatment processes. A case study for a community of a rural village in emerging regions of Honduras is modeled and the approach presented in this paper is implemented to design and select feasible service solutions.
Proposal for Driver Distraction Indexes Using Biological Signals
Authors: Ohkura Michiko , Uchiumi Kazuma , Saito Yukou , Hasegawa Koyo 
Published: September 2013

According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, driver inattention is a major contributor to highway accidents. Driver distraction is one form of inattention and a leading factor in most vehicle crashes and near crashes. Distraction occurs when a driver is delayed in the recognition of information needed to safely accomplish the driving task because some event, activity, object, or person within or outside the vehicle compels or induces the driver attention away from the driving task.
Although some indexes of driving performance have measured distraction, they are the results of the distraction and not the distraction itself. We directly and quantitatively employ biological signals to measure the distraction by finding useful biological indexes from candidates of various biological signals. Our experimental results using a driving simulator showed useful indexes derived from EEG and ECG.
Evaluating Socio-Technical Coordination in Open-Source Communities: A Cluster-Based Approach
Authors: Rytsareva Inna , Le Qize , Conner Emma , Kalyanaraman Ananth , Panchal Jitesh H. 
Published: September 2013

In complex product development, coordination is the act of managing dependencies between artifacts. Socio-technical coordination is the achievement of coordination through the alignment of organizational structures and product structures. Socio-technical coordination is achieved in hierarchical product development organizations by aligning the organizational structure with the system architecture. However, within virtual community-based product development such as open source development, the organizational structure is not designed by a central authority. In contrast, the community evolves as a result of participation of individuals and their communication with other individuals working on the project. Hence, understanding and quantifying socio-technical coordination is particularly important in open-source communities.
Existing approaches to measuring socio-technical coordination are based on the congruence between ideal communication and the actual communication structures within communities. The primary limitation of existing approaches is that they only account for explicit communication between individuals. Existing measures do not account for the indirect communication between individuals and the shared knowledge that individuals working on a joint project possess. Due to these limitations, the socio-technical coordination values have been observed to be very low in the existing literature. We propose two alternate approaches to measuring socio-technical coordination based on clustering techniques. We illustrate the approaches using a case study from an open source software development community. The proposed approaches present a broader and more encompassing view of coordination within open source communities.
Integration of a Client-Based Design Project Into the Sophomore Year
Authors: Nagel Jacquelyn K. S. , Nagel Robert L. , Pappas Eric , Pierrakos Olga 
Published: September 2013

Often engineering design instruction based on real-world, client-based projects is relegated to a final year capstone course. The engineering program at James Madison University (JMU), however, emphasizes these real-world, client-based design experiences, and places them throughout our six-course engineering design sequence. Our six-course design sequence is anchored by the sophomore design course sequence, which serves as the cornerstone to the JMU engineering design sequence. The cornerstone experience in the sophomore year is meant to enable mastery through both directed and non-directed learning and exploration of the design process and design tools. To that end, students work in both small (4–5) and large (9–11) teams to complete a year-long design project. The course project is woven with instruction in engineering design theory and methodology; individual cognitive processes, thinking, and communication skills; decision making; sustainable design; problem solving; software; and project management.
Students’ overarching task during the first semester is to follow the first two phases of the engineering design process—Planning and Concept Generation—while in the second semester, students work to reiterate on the first two phases of the engineering design process before prototyping, testing, and refining a design for the client. The project culminates with the students demonstrating their final product to the client, University, and local community.
Our goal in this paper is to present our model for integrating real-world, client-based design projects into the sophomore year to facilitate meaningful design experiences across the curriculum. We believe that providing these experiences early and often not only challenges students on multiple dimensions, but also exposes them, and consequently better prepares them, for their eventual role as a practicing engineer. In this paper, we shall describe the sophomore design course sequence, the history and details of the course project, and also key learning outcome gains.
Combining Case Based Reasoning and Shape Matching Based on Clearance Analyzes to Support the Reuse of Components
Authors: Johansson Joel 
Published: September 2013

For manufacturing companies it is important to develop and produce products that meet requirements from customers and investors. One key factor in meeting these requirements is the efficiency of the product development process. Design automation is a powerful tool to increase efficiency in that process resulting in shortened lead-time, improved product performance, and ultimately decreased cost. Further, automation is beneficial as it increases the ability to adapt products to new product specifications, which is critical to some categories of products.
In this paper the retrieval and evaluation processes of the Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method are extended to include shape matching. This enhanced CBR method supports the reuse of existing components when introducing new variants of variant-rich products. The matching method is based on clearance analyzes and is performed during the retrieval of cases and supports the evaluation of suggestions. The method is described along with a prototype-system where the process of selecting components for roof racks for cars is targeted for automation. One specific component of the roof rack is targeted, namely a rubber pad used in the interface between the car roof and the rack.
The Engine: Inducing the Morphogenetic Process of Human Beings
Authors: Naitoh Ken 
Published: September 2013

The stochastic Navier-Stokes equation solves the mysteries underlying the macroscopic morphogenetic processes of human beings, which include brain, legs, arms, internal organs. (Naitoh, 2001, 2008, 2010, 2011) This is possible because main part of the living beings is filled with water flow. The theoretical studies (Naitoh, 2008, 2010, 2011) also explain the reason why inner organs such as heart and liver are left-right asymmetric at the later stage of the developmental process. Our computational results (Naitoh and Kawanobe, 2011) also reveal the morphogenetic process of main blood vessels. Here, first, we examine the morphogenetic processes of bones and main nerve systems. Next, further thought experiments based on statistic fluid mechanics (Naitoh, 2008, 2011) and biological data reveal the standard network pattern common to neural networks inside the brain and various bio-molecular networks for the morphogenetic process of the human system. It is stressed that the standard network is basically constructed with only six groups of molecules and neurons. The physical equation describing the dynamics of the standard pattern shows the temporal oscillations appearing in various phenomena such as differentiation and proliferation in cell divisions and memory systems. Third, statistic fluid dynamics based on the quasi-stability principle and the indeterminacy principle (Naitoh, 2001, 2008, 2010, 2011) reveals the inevitability of the supermagic numbers including symmetric ratio of 1:1 and asymmetric ratios such as about 1.27:1, 1.35:1, 1.41:1, 1.44:1, 1.78:1, 2.1:1, 2.5:1, 3.6:1, and 4.54:1, in various pairs of flexible-particles in natural and living systems. The present report reveals the role of the magic numbers inside the human brain system, which are related to music, fine-arts, poem, and language.
Thus, the fluid-dynamics proposed in our previous reports will bring a new insight on the spatiotemporal structure of ontogeny and also a new technology of cyberneology, which will result in artificial brain system living over millennium in super-computers.
A New Approach to Generic Design Feature Recognition by Detecting the Hint of Topology Variation
Authors: Wan Sha , Huang Yunbao , Wang Qifu , Chen Liping , Sun Yuhang 
Published: September 2013

Current design feature recognition mainly depends on the connective attributes of edges or faces in the CAD models, such as convexity, concavity, and tangency. However, it is difficult to uniquely define the mixed connective attributes of the generic features in some cases. A novel generic design feature recognition approach by detecting the hint of topology variation is presented in this study. The core idea includes: 1) the resulting CAD model of a complex part is regarded as formed from an initial basic shape such as roughcast and has been operated by introducing generic design features, which subsequently may cause topology variation; 2) Such topology variations, e.g. vertex elimination, edge partition and face alteration, are utilized to obtain generalized properties of the generic design features, dispensing with the connective attributes.
Finally, 1) we demonstrate in the experiments that the approach successfully recognizes the main types of generic design features, both isolate and hybrid features. 2) Furthermore, we exhibit the application of the approach in some engineering examples.
Nonlinear Dynamical Interaction Between Insonified Microbubbles
Authors: Tsuruoka Akira , Kubo Hiroki , Sugiura Toshihiko 
Published: September 2013

Microbubbles are expected to be applied for ultrasonic therapy. In this research, considering two neighboring bubbles, we added to the Rayleigh-Plesset equation the term of nonlinear influence corresponding to pressure change caused by the neighboring bubble’s oscillation, and numerical simulation was performed.
It is known that the natural frequency of a microbubble decreases with increasing the bubbles’ density. This fact agrees with our analytical prediction based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Further, the natural frequency also depends on the diameter ratio of the two bubbles. Our numerical results show that superharmonic response reaches a peak at some distance between bubbles when they are driven at half their resonance frequency with their ratio of the natural frequency being two to one. Numerical simulation also shows that if the two bubbles of the same size exist at a close distance, the occurrence region of the subharmonics is larger than that of a single bubble.
Parallel CAE System for Large Scale Problems Based on HTML5 and WebGL
Authors: Yodo Kaworu , Shioya Ryuji , Miyoshi Akio , Asaumi Takuru 
Published: September 2013

We have developed a prototype of web based CAE system with HTML5 and WebGL technology and the ADVENTURE system. The main system including solver part is operated on the remote server like a cloud computing and user interface client is operated in a web browser on the Internet devices (including PCs, smartphones, and tablet devices) without any additional software or plug-ins.
In this system, we use the ADVENTURE system as server-side CAE system. The ADVENTURE system is a general-purpose computational analysis system we have been developing. Aim of the system is to enable to analyze a three dimensional finite element model of arbitrary shape over 100 million Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) mesh on massive parallel computers like a large-scale PC cluster or a super computer. To solve large scale problem, domain-decomposition-based parallel algorithms are implemented in pre-processes (domain decomposition), main processes (system matrix assembling and solutions) and post-process (visualization) of the ADVENTURE system, respectively. The hierarchical domain decomposition method (HDDM) with the balancing domain decomposition (BDD) as a pre-conditioned iterative solver is adopted in the main processes. Module-based architecture of the system with standardized I/O format and libraries are also developed and employed to attain flexibility, portability, extensibility and maintainability of the whole system.
Since the software has become a quite large system, it is not easy to install or operate the system on parallel machines by users. To solve this issue, the authors have been developed CAE system for large scale problems based on computer network. With this system, the main system including solver part is operated on the remote server like a cloud computing and to operate such a system from a client PC through the network. Users need not to touch server system and easy operation on client system was developed. But this system requires for users to install client software, which may become a barrier to start using the system.
Navigating the Uncharted Waters: An Emotional Engineering Approach to Decision Making
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: September 2013

Although there are many approaches to decision making, most of them are tools for the Closed World, and you can make decisions before you sail out. But the world we are living in now is an Open World, where there is no chart. We have to make decisions while we are navigating. Economists, Simon and Keynes, say that in a Closed World economic agents make decisions rationally, but in an Open World they rely on emotion.
This paper describes that by introducing directed graph and declarative programming techniques, we can simulate emotion-driven decision making. This approach has several advantages. One important one is we can introduce emotion into quality function deployment. Quality is not just function requirements. Quality is nothing other than customers’ expectations. And emotions are closely related to their expectations and satisfactions. Another advantage is that as engineering needs more and more diverse pieces of knowledge, it is becoming increasingly difficult to see the whole picture. But this approach permits decision making in your own way and still meeting customers’ expectations adequately.
Dissipative Energy Flow in Systems at Parametric Anti-Resonance
Authors: Dohnal F. 
Published: September 2013

Recent investigations have shown theoretically and experimentally that the transient vibrations of a lightly damped system can be suppressed or even stabilized by a time-periodic open-loop control of one of its system parameters. Introducing time-periodicity in system parameters may lead, in general, to a dangerous and well-known parametric resonance. In contrast to such a resonance, a properly tuned time-periodicity is capable to extract vibration energy from the system and to increase the effective damping of transient vibrations. At this specific operation the system is tuned at parametric anti-resonance.
The beneficial interaction of damping and time-periodicity was first formulated by A. Tondl in 1998. His pioneering work deals with stabilizing self-excited vibrations. It was proven by F. Dohnal in 2005 that the vibrations of a general lightly damped system (not necessarily unstable) can be reduced by parametric anti-resonance, too. A physical interpretation of the parametric anti-resonance is related to the coupling of vibration modes of the underlying system with constant coefficients. This interpretation leads intuitively to the calculation of the energy flow of each vibration mode and leads to clear physical insight of how parametric anti-resonances work. This interpretation of mode coupling is developed further resulting in an approximate analytical expression for the effective damping of a system driven at parametric anti-resonance. This expression allows the statement of the maximum effective damping achievable by this method. The discussion of the energy flow of a linear, lightly damped system possessing a time-periodic stiffness coefficient its physical and modal displacements highlights the coupling of vibration modes of the underlying system with constant coefficients.
A Method for the Optimal Design of Automotive Rubber Components
Authors: Gobbi Massimiliano , Previati Giorgio , Mastinu Gianpiero 
Published: September 2013

The paper presents a method for the design of rubber components for automotive applications.
The design of a rubber component is complex due to the dependence of its behavior not only on the geometry but also on the non-linear, frequency dependent characteristics of the material. A finite element (FE) model able to estimate stiffness, stress and filtering characteristics of the component is presented. The rubber is modeled by a non-linear model whose parameters are estimated from experimental tests. The dynamic behavior is described by means of storage and dissipation moduli given as function of the excitation frequency.
The design of the component, which is a bushing to be fitted on a front double wishbone suspension, is accomplished by changing the main geometrical parameters while choosing between three different rubber types. Geometrical and material parameters are varied inside the FE model by an automatic procedure. The optimal set is derived by means of a multi-objective genetic algorithm.
The proposed procedure allows to define the geometric dimensions of the component along with the most suitable material among a given set.
Promoting and Managing End-of-Life Closed-Loop Scenarios of Products Using a Design for Disassembly Evaluation Tool
Authors: Favi Claudio , Germani Michele , Mandolini Marco , Marconi Marco 
Published: September 2013

In recent years, environmentally conscious design has become a fundamental approach for industries which have to consider the variable environment during the design process. Waste management is one of the most important aspects to be handled, to reduce the disposal in landfills and to encourage the sustainable 3R approach: Reuse, Recycling and Remanufacturing. Product disassembly is an essential phase of the product lifecycle, necessary to evaluate the End-of-Life (EoL) strategies and to reduce environmental impact. In order to minimize the impact on production and costs it is very important to consider EoL scenarios during the embodiment design phase, when designer’s decisions influence product structure. Design for Disassembly (DFD) is a powerful method to reduce disassembly time and costs. However, there are no useful tools which provide guidelines to improve the product disassemblability or promote specific EoL scenarios.
For these reasons this paper describes an innovative Design for Disassembly approach and related tool to support designers in product disassemblability evaluation. The tool has the scope to manage EoL scenarios for industrial waste in the early design phases and to share metadata with the traditional design tools. Disassembly costs is one of the most important parameters during the evaluation of EoL scenarios. Six indices are presented to evaluate the economic and environmental feasibility of the EoL strategies. The calculation of the six indices permits alternative EoL scenarios to be compared and encourage the recyclability, reusability or re-manufacturability of a product. These evaluations can be used to foster a particular EoL scenario, as early on as in the design process. The preliminary analysis on mechatronic products underline the utility of the software tool and indices. Product re-design, realized using this approach, shows a relevant decrease in environmental impacts and disassembly costs. As a consequence, the new product has a relevant percentage of components with a closed-loop lifecycle.
The VR Session Manager: A Tool to Co-Ordinate a Collaborative Product Development Process in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Stelzer Ralph , Steger Wolfgang , Petermann Dirk 
Published: September 2013

The paper elucidates a process integration method in which the virtual reality (VR) application moves beyond being just a visualisation tool to functioning as an interface for collaboration. The central module of this system is the so-called session manager. The session manager co-ordinates the collaboration of several authorised individuals and various software tools all working together on one development project. The session manager is at the centre of the product data management (PDM) system managing product structure, product documents and project state. The associated VR system synchronously presents the current state of the project. It is thus possible to visualise changes in geometry, appearance or structure in real time.
In this way, VR can be integrated into a heterogeneous system consisting of CAD workstations and simulation applications. Integration is based on a bi-directional link among all applications via the PDM system. Thus, it is possible to use and represent not only the product’s design and structure, but also its non-geometric information using PDM. Additionally, the persons working with it may select product components in VR and assign tasks to workstations or persons, since, in VR, relevant information from the PDM is available.