bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light interaction in sapphire/MgF2/Al triple-layer omnidirectional reflectors in AlGaN-based near ultraviolet light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Keon Hwa , Moon Yong-Tae , Song June-O , Kwak Joon Seop 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study examined systematically the mechanism of light interaction in the sapphire/MgF2/Al triple-layer omnidirectional reflectors (ODR) and its effects on the light output power in near ultraviolet light emitting diodes (NUV-LEDs) with the ODR. The light output power of NUV-LEDs with the triple-layer ODR structure increased with decreasing surface roughness of the sapphire backside in the ODR. Theoretical modeling of the roughened surface suggests that the dependence of the reflectance of the triple-layer ODR structure on the surface roughness can be attributed mainly to light absorption by the Al nano-structures and the trapping of scattered light in the MgF2 layer. Furthermore, the ray tracing simulation based upon the theoretical modeling showed good agreement with the measured reflectance of the ODR structure in diffuse mode.
The Missing Meditatio
Authors: Hirschey Olivia , Klyve Dominic 
Published: May 2015

Summary
This work describes the contributions of Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), the 18th-century physicist and mathematician, to the fields of articulatory and experimental phonetics. First the authors provide evidence for Euler’s role in establishing the St. Petersburg Academy prize of 1780. Next, they consider a short and posthumously published work of Euler, the Meditatio de formatione vocum. It is shown that the Meditatio represents an early attempt to compare vowels in several languages, and includes a two-dimensional classification of vowels which anticipates in many ways the International Phonetic Alphabet vowel chart.
A novel S-enantioselective amidase acting on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide from Arthrobacter sp. S-2
Authors: Fuhshuku Ken-ichi , Watanabe Shunsuke , Nishii Tetsuro , Ishii Akihiro , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A novel S-enantioselective amidase acting on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide was purified from Arthrobacter sp. S-2. The enzyme acted S-enantioselectively on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide to yield (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this amidase, the gene coding S-amidase was cloned from the genomic DNA of Arthrobacter sp. S-2 and expressed in an Escherichia coli host. The recombinant S-amidase was purified and characterized. Furthermore, the purified recombinant S-amidase with the C-His6-tag, which was expressed in E. coli as the C-His6-tag fusion protein, was used in the kinetic resolution of (±)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide to obtain (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid and (R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide.
Diagnosis of irregularities in the robotized part mating process based on contextual recognition of contact states transitions
Authors: Jakovljevic Zivana , Petrovic Petar B. , Milkovic Dragan , Pajic Miroslav 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for the generation of information machines for part mating process diagnosis. Recognition of contact states between parts during robotized part mating represents a significant element of the system for active compliant robot motion. All proposed information machines for contact states recognition will recognize one of the possible contact states even when irregular events in the process occur, and the active motion planner will continue to send commands to robot controller according to the planned trajectory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The presented framework is based on the general theory of automata and formal languages. Starting from possible regular contact states transitions in part mating, the authors create an automaton for diagnostics, which, besides regular, accepts all irregular (observable and unobservable) process sequences.

Findings
– Contact states do not appear arbitrarily during regular processes, but in certain context. Theory of automata represents a solid basis for contextual recognition and diagnosis of irregularities in part mating.

Research limitations/implications
– The proposed methodology is elaborated and experimentally verified using an example of cylindrical part mating, and stick-slip effect as an observable irregularity. The future work will address the generation of diagnosers for other types of part mating tasks and extension of the set of observable irregularities.

Practical implications
– The process diagnosis increases the robustness of active compliant motion system.

Originality/value
– Although very important feedback information provider for active motion planner, part mating process monitoring was not frequently addressed in the past. In this paper, the authors propose a methodology for generation of part mating process diagnoser that is based on general automata theory.
Dilapidations in the UK – diminution valuations
Authors: Gilbert David 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to look at the practical considerations of valuations undertaken in the UK at the end of leases when the landlord and the tenant are negotiating on the dilapidations claim.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is a review of current professional practice and highlights the salient issues to consider when looking at dilapidation claims.

Findings
– The paper considers a fundamental principle of dilapidations. That is, how much has the market value of the landlord’s interest diminished at the end of the lease by reason of the disrepair.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is based on the interpretation of current statute and case law. Diminution valuations are hotly contested and there is currently little professional guidance available to practitioners.

Practical implications
– The paper guides landlords, tenants, building surveyors and their valuers on the thought process and practical approach to be adopted in assessing loss in dilapidations cases where the underlying assessment will be carried out on the basis of diminution in value.

Originality/value
– There is very little written on the practical implications of diminution valuations when assessing dilapidation claims. This paper addresses that shortcoming.
Heine, Carl & O'Connor, Dennis (2014) Teaching information fluencyRowman & Littlefield (Lanham MD & Plymouth UK) isbn978‐0‐8108‐9062‐6 215 pp £34.95 https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810890626
Authors: Johnson Mike 
Published: May 2015

Summary“Teaching” is in the title and the target audience is American, yet anyone using the internet can benefit from thumbing through these pages. Doing that will give you personal insight and strategies that will enhance any search, and raise awareness of the ethical dimension of dealing with what you find. Teachers of all subjects will enjoy the book's practical suggestions for embedding aspects of information fluency in class. If you feel the content of this book is relevant to you, I strongly suggest you borrow a copy for a while.Mike Johnson
Wyatt‐Smith, Claire et al ed (2014) Designing assessment for quality learningSpringer (Berlin) isbn978‐94‐007‐5901‐5 426 pp £90 (ebook £72) http://www.springer.com/education+%26+language/book/978‐94‐007‐5901‐5
Authors: García Laborda Jesús 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAssessment offers a challenging future for education. This welcome volume offers a new perspective towards the importance, form and role of assessment for all the stakeholders. It is a must for anyone involved in changing and improving education through assessment. If it appears likely that this book is relevant to what you do, I recommend you buy your own copy.Jesús García Laborda
MODELLING A REGIME‐SHIFTING BEVERIDGE CURVE
Authors: Dutu Richard , Holmes Mark J. , Silverstone Brian 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper offers new insights into Beveridge curve analysis by modelling the unemployment–vacancy rate relationship within a Markov regime‐switching environment in which the probabilities of curve‐shifting are determined endogenously by shift factors. Shift factors include structural factors such as labour market participation and net migration, while cyclical variables include GDP growth, the real rate of interest, and labour productivity. This approach enables us to estimate regime‐specific parameters and to assess the role played by these factors in influencing the transition probabilities of switching between regimes. Using New Zealand data, we show that increases in the participation rate have shifted the Beveridge curve inward, while increases in net migration have shifted the curve outward.
Terrestrial and marine perspectives on modeling organic matter degradation pathways
Authors: Burd Adrian B. , Frey Serita , Cabre Anna , Ito Takamitsu , Levine Naomi M. , Lønborg Christian , Long Matthew , Mauritz Marguerite , Thomas R. Quinn , Stephens Brandon M. , Vanwalleghem Tom , Zeng Ning 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOrganic matter (OM) plays a major role in both terrestrial and oceanic biogeochemical cycles. The amount of carbon stored in these systems is far greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, and annual fluxes of CO2 from these pools to the atmosphere exceed those from fossil fuel combustion. Understanding the processes that determine the fate of detrital material is important for predicting the effects that climate change will have on feedbacks to the global carbon cycle. However, Earth System Models (ESMs) typically utilize very simple formulations of processes affecting the mineralization and storage of detrital OM. Recent changes in our view of the nature of this material and the factors controlling its transformation have yet to find their way into models. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the role and cycling of detrital OM in terrestrial and marine systems and examine how this pool of material is represented in ESMs. We include a discussion of the different mineralization pathways available as organic matter moves from soils, through inland waters to coastal systems and ultimately into open ocean environments. We argue that there is strong commonality between aspects of OM transformation in both terrestrial and marine systems and that our respective scientific communities would benefit from closer collaboration.
Cross talk in promoter recognition between six NarL‐family response regulators of Escherichia coli two‐component system
Authors: Yoshida Myu , Ishihama Akira , Yamamoto Kaneyoshi 
Published: May 2015

Bacterial two‐component system (TCS) is composed of the sensor kinase (SK) and the response regulator (RR). After monitoring an environmental signal or condition, SK activates RR through phosphorylation, ultimately leading to the signal‐dependent regulation of genome transcription. In Escherichia coli, a total of more than 30 SK‐RR pairs exist, each forming a cognate signal transduction system. Cross talk of the signal transduction takes place at three stages: signal recognition by SK (stage 1); RR phosphorylation by SK (stage 2); and target recognition by RR (stage 3). Previously, we analyzed the stage 2 cross talk between the whole set of E. coli SK‐RR pairs and found that the cross talk takes place for certain combinations. As an initial attempt to identify the stage 3 cross talk at the step of target promoter recognition by RR, we analyzed in this study the cross‐recognition of target promoters by six NarL‐family RRs, EvgA, NarL, NarP, RcsB, UhpA, and UvrY. Results of both in vivo and in vitro studies indicated that the stage 3 cross talk takes place for limited combinations, in particular, including a multifactor‐regulated ydeP promoter.
Changing mortality patterns in Kimberley Aborigines
Authors: Gracey M. , Sun W. , Somerford P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground/AimsTo examine the causes of officially reported deaths from several categories among Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people in a statistical division of north‐west Australia from 2002 to 2011.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of official Death Registration data to calculate mortality rate ratios (Aboriginal against non‐Aboriginal) for that decade in six major International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐10 categories. The study setting was the West Kimberley Health District in the far north of Western Australia.ResultsDeath rates of Aborigines relative to non‐Aborigines were much higher, by more than 10 times in some categories. Most of the excess deaths in these categories were due to circulatory diseases, injury and poisonings, neoplasms, diabetes, respiratory, and genitourinary conditions.ConclusionThis study has documented the heavy burden of mortality in West Kimberley Aborigines compared with the pattern found in non‐Aboriginal people living in the same region.
A binational registry of adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension complicating congenital heart disease
Authors: Strange G. , Rose M. , Kermeen F. , O'Donnell C. , Keogh A. , Kotlyar E. , Grigg L. , Bullock A. , Disney P. , Dwyer N. , Whitford H. , Tanous D. , Frampton C. , Weintraub R. , Celermajer D. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe management of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) has improved over recent decades and several patients surviving with CHD into adulthood are increasing. In developed countries, there are now as many adults as there are children living with CHD. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs in ∼5% of patients with CHD.AimWe aimed to understand the characteristics and outcomes of this emerging population.MethodsWe collected data retrospectively and prospectively from 12 contributing centres across Australia and New Zealand (2010–2013). Patients were included if they had been diagnosed with PAH and CHD and had been seen once in an adult centre after 1 January 2000.ResultsOf 360 patients with CHD‐PAH, 60% were female and 90% were New York Heart Association functional class II or III at the time of adult diagnosis of PAH. Mean age at diagnosis of PAH in adulthood was 31.2 ± 14 years, and on average, patients were diagnosed with PAH 6 years after symptom onset. All‐cause mortality was 12% at 5 years, 21% at 10 years and 31% at 15 years. One hundred and six patients (30%) experienced 247 hospitalisations during 2936 patient years of follow up. Eighty‐nine per cent of patients were prescribed PAH specific therapy (mean exposure of 4.0 years).ConclusionsAdults with PAH and CHD often have this diagnosis made after significant delay, and have substantial medium‐term morbidity and mortality. This suggests a need for children transitioning to adult care with CHD to be closely monitored for this complication.
Applying artificial neural networks to predict communication risks in the emergency department
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Siri Anna , Aleo Giuseppe , Rocco Gennaro , Sasso Loredana 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsTo describe the utility of artificial neural networks in predicting communication risks.BackgroundIn health care, effective communication reduces the risk of error. Therefore, it is important to identify the predictive factors of effective communication. Non‐technical skills are needed to achieve effective communication. This study explores how artificial neural networks can be applied to predict the risk of communication failures in emergency departments.DesignA multicentre observational study.MethodsData were collected between March–May 2011 by observing the communication interactions of 840 nurses with their patients during their routine activities in emergency departments. The tools used for our observation were a questionnaire to collect personal and descriptive data, level of training and experience and Guilbert's observation grid, applying the Situation‐Background‐Assessment‐Recommendation technique to communication in emergency departments.ResultsA total of 840 observations were made on the nurses working in the emergency departments. Based on Guilbert's observation grid, the output variables is likely to influence the risk of communication failure were ‘terminology’; ‘listening’; ‘attention’ and ‘clarity’, whereas nurses’ personal characteristics were used as input variables in the artificial neural network model. A model based on the multilayer perceptron topology was developed and trained. The receiver operator characteristic analysis confirmed that the artificial neural network model correctly predicted the performance of more than 80% of the communication failures.ConclusionThe application of the artificial neural network model could offer a valid tool to forecast and prevent harmful communication errors in the emergency department.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Brackish Water Ciliates of Bakuella (Ciliophora: Urostylida: Bakuellidae) from South Korea
Authors: Jo Euna , Jung Jae‐Ho , Min Gi‐Sik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo new species of Bakuella, B. (B.) incheonensis n. sp. and B. (Pseudobakuella) litoralis n. sp., were discovered in brackish water near Aamdo Shore Park, Incheon, South Korea. We conducted a morphological study based on live observations and protargol‐impregnated specimens, and a molecular analysis using nuclear SSU rRNA gene sequences. Bakuella (B.) incheonensis is diagnosed by: body size 70–105 × 20–40 μm in vivo, 21–25 adoral membranelles, three or four frontoterminal cirri, midventral complex composed of 7–10 midventral pairs with one or two rows and terminating at about 62% of body length, 20–28 left and 25–32 right marginal cirri, 58–87 macronuclear nodules, and yellowish cortical granules. Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) litoralis is diagnosed by: body size 90–125 × 30–40 μm in vivo, 25–33 adoral membranelles, 3–5 buccal cirri, midventral complex composed 10–15 midventral pairs with one or two rows and terminated at 70% of body length, one or two pretransverse cirri, 3–6 transverse cirri, 26–39 left and 29–47 right marginal cirri, 49–84 macronuclear nodules, and two types of cortical granules. Molecular phylogeny using SSU rRNA gene sequences shows a nonmonophyletic relationship among Bakuella species and emphasizes the need for further morphogenetic studies of this genus and other related hypotrichs.
Defense mechanisms of sargassacean species against the epiphytic red alga Neosiphonia harveyi
Authors: Nakajima Noboru , Ohki Kaori , Kamiya Mitsunobu 
Published: May 2015

Flora diversity and abundance of epiphytes are specific to their basiphyte species and may relate to variations in the defensive abilities of basiphytes. Thus, investigating the interactions between epiphytes and basiphytes is useful for a better understanding of the biological impact of epiphytism and the survival strategies of basiphytes. We examined the epiphyte density on five sargassacean species at six locations between two study sites, which showed that the epiphytic red alga Neosiphonia harveyi was remarkably less abundant on Sargassum siliquastrum at all locations. To assess its defense mechanism against N. harveyi, we performed bioassays of phlorotannins, which are considered effective in deterring fouling, by culturing sargassacean blades with N. harveyi carpospores and observed the process by which sargassacean blades remove epiphytes. When the carpospores were incubated with various concentrations of dissolved phlorotannins, settlement and germination were inhibited only at the highest concentrations (>0.1 g · L−1), and this effect did not significantly differ among the five sargassacean species. When the carpospores were combined with blades from the five species, many of the spores attached and germinated on every blade. Because N. harveyi penetrated rhizoids into basiphyte tissues, cuticle peeling observed in all five sargassacean species could not remove this epiphyte after germination. However, in S. siliquastrum, the blade tissues around the germlings became swollen and disintegrative, and were removed together with the germlings. The spores normally grew on the dead blades, suggesting that the tissue degradation of S. siliquastrum is triggered by the infection of N. harveyi.
Creative Spirituality: Entering the World of Tagore's Jivan Devata
Authors: Bhattacharya Kumkum 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRabindranath Tagore has been hailed as a deeply spiritual poet, an identity that is abundantly revealed in the Gitanjali poems where we see a spirituality that is almost stripped of all embellishment and trappings and we see Tagore absorbed in surrender to the Supreme Being. Tagore conceived Jivan Devata in quite a different way. This concept has been variously interpreted by scholars and critics – many have argued that Jivan Devata is another name for the poetic muse while there are some who have argued that Jivan Devata is sublimated spirituality. However, it has come to be accepted as an important link in the understanding of Tagore's creativity given the extent and intensity of Tagore's engagement with the concept over a long period of his life. This paper argues that there is enough room for more nuanced understanding of Jivan Devata through which we may reach a ‘more complete’ understanding of Tagore's creativity. The paper attempts to develop the trope of ‘creative spirituality’ founded on reciprocity between the self and creative energy as a satisfactory explanation of Jivan Devata.
Intermittent cardiac overload results in adaptive hypertrophy and provides protection against left ventricular acute pressure overload insult
Authors: Moreira‐Gonçalves Daniel , Henriques‐Coelho Tiago , Fonseca Hélder , Ferreira Rita , Padrão Ana Isabel , Santa Cátia , Vieira Sara , Silva Ana Filipa , Amado Francisco , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Duarte José Alberto 
Published: May 2015

Key points
The present study aimed to test whether a chronic intermittent workload could induce an adaptive cardiac phenotype
Chronic intermittent workload induced features of adaptive hypertrophy
This was paralleled by protection against acute pressure overload insult
The heart may adapt favourably to balanced demands, regardless of the nature of the stimuli.
AbstractThe present study aimed to test whether submitting the healthy heart to intermittent and tolerable amounts of workload, independently of its nature, could result in an adaptive cardiac phenotype. Male Wistar rats were subjected to treadmill running (Ex) (n = 20), intermittent cardiac overload with dobutamine (ITO) (2 mg kg–1, s.c.; n = 20) or placebo administration (Cont) (n = 20) for 5 days week–1 for 8 weeks. Animals were then killed for histological and biochemical analysis or subjected to left ventricular haemodynamic evaluation under baseline conditions, in response to isovolumetric contractions and to sustained LV acute pressure overload (35% increase in peak systolic pressure maintained for 2 h). Baseline cardiac function was enhanced only in Ex, whereas the response to isovolumetric heartbeats was improved in both ITO and Ex. By contrast to the Cont group, in which rats developed diastolic dysfunction with sustained acute pressure overload, ITO and Ex showed increased tolerance to this stress test. Both ITO and Ex developed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy without fibrosis, no overexpression of osteopontin‐1 or β‐myosin heavy chain, and increased expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ protein. Regarding hypertrophic pathways, ITO and Ex showed activation of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway but not calcineurin. Mitochondrial complex IV and V activities were also increased in ITO and Ex. Chronic submission to controlled intermittent cardiac overload, independently of its nature, results in an adaptive cardiac phenotype. Features of the cardiac overload, such as the duration and magnitude of the stimuli, may play a role in the development of an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype.