bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold‐bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province
Authors: MAO Guangzhou , HUA Renmin , GAO Jianfeng , ZHAO Kuidong , LONG Guangming , LU Huijuan , YAO Junming 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi, South China, which is related to the ductile shear zone. It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons, with 80% of gold occurring in pyrite. The σREE of gold‐bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average, with relatively higher light rare earth elements (LREE; 159.556 ppm) and lower HREE (12.108 ppm). The σLREE/σHREE ratio is 12.612 and (La/Yb)N is 11.765. These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE. The (La/Sm)N ratio is 3.758 and that of (Gd/Yb)N is 1.695. These are obvious LREE fractionations. The rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with average δEu values of 0.664, and δCe anomalies of 1.044. REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks (regional metamorphic rocks), but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite. These features indicate that the ore‐forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore‐forming fluids derived from metamorphic water. The Co/Ni ratio (average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium–low temperature. It is inferred from the values of high‐field strength elements, LREE, Hf/Sm, Nb/La, and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore‐forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with Cl>F.
Formation Mechanism of Maceral and Mineral Compositions of the “Barkinite” Liptobiolith from the Jinshan Mine, Anhui Province, China
Authors: SUN Yuzhuang , ZHAO Cunliang , LIN Mingyue , JIN Kankun , DING Shuli 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:In order to study the accumulation mechanism of “barkinite”, eight Late Permian channel benches (approximately 15‐cm across and 10‐cm deep) were taken from the Jinshan Mine, Anhui Province, China. The samples were analyzed by microscopical and geochemical methods. The microscopical observations indicate that the occurrence modes of “barkinite” in this area are different from those in other areas of China. The ratios of structureless “barkinite” are much higher in the Jinshan Mine, probably due to the flow‐water and marine influenced environments. Furthermore, vitrinite macerals also show a strong fluorescence. The vitrinite fluorescence characteristics have not been observed in the Permian “barkinite” coals from northern China. The composition and variation of minerals in the column section also showed that the swamps in the study area were seriously influenced by seawater in the early and late stage during the peat accumulation.
Morphology and Histology of Lattice‐like Ossified Epaxial Tendons in Psittacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia)
Authors: ZHOU Chang‐Fu , GAO Ke‐Qin , FOX Richard C. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Epaxial tendons play an important role in the study of the musculoskeletal system and locomotory style of dinosaurs. Although the ossified epaxial tendon lattice is fairly well known in Iguanodontoidea, only recently has knowledge of this complex been extended to ceratopsians. This study concerns the gross morphology and microstructure of the tendon lattice in Psittacosaurus, a basal ceratopsian. As in the neoceratopsian Chasmosaurus, the ossified tendons of Psittacosaurus form a three‐layered, lattice‐like structure. The microstructure of the tendons in large psittacosaur individuals retains an early stage of ossification, as in juvenile birds and nestling hadrosaurs, suggesting a slow developmental rate of ossification of the tendons in psittacosaur ontogeny. Comparative study indicates that a lattice‐like arrangement of three‐layered epaxial tendons is widely distributed in Cerapoda. This pattern also extends to Ankylosauria, implying a similar pattern of the epaxial muscles through the ornithischian clade. In addition, comparison with crocodiles implies that the different morphology of ossified tendons in dinosaurs may be associated with adaptive aspects of their paleobiology, not simply a side effect of skeletal ossification. In contrast to the short tendons in quadrupedal Chasmosaurus and Protoceratops, the elongated tendons in Psittacosaurus may be related to the bipedal locomotion characteristic of this taxon.
Outlines of New Global Geochemical Mapping Program
Authors: XIE Xuejing , YAO Wensheng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Since 1988, great efforts and enthusiasm had been paid by applied geochemists in the implementation of global geochemical mapping through the International Geological Correlation Program's Projects 259 and 360, and the Task Group on ‘Global Geochemical Baselines’ established by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), in collaboration with the International Association of Geochemistry (IAGC). But how to use extremely low‐density sampling to obtain a global picture of the distribution of most elements in the periodic table in a reasonably short time is still a great challenge faced by the applied geochemistry community. It will depend on the continuous development of new mapping concept, and the advisable and courageous innovation of methodology for searching other suitable sample media and sampling layout. Based on the encouragement results obtained from the representativeness study of delta sediments conducted at the mouth of Yangtze River, and at the mouths of its four major tributary, it is expected to broadly apply the geochemical fractal self‐similarity nature to main rivers and their estuaries with catchments up to hundreds of thousands or over a million square kilometers in the world. With this new mapping concept, a new outlines of a Global Geochemical Mapping Program was advanced and the establishment of an International Research Center of Global Geochemical Mapping was also suggested to facilitate the programs implementations.
Fukuititan nipponensis, A New Titanosauriform Sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Tetori Group of Fukui Prefecture, Japan
Authors: AZUMA Yoichi , SHIBATA Masateru 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:A titanosauriform dinosaur: Fukuititan nipponensis gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on the incomplete skeleton. It is characterized by elongated asymmetric tooth crown with a weak or absent labial groove and without lingual concavity; stalk‐like epipophysis of cervical vertebra; the transverse width of the proximal end of the humerus approximately 32% of the humerus length; metacarpal longer, approximately 48% of the radius and the distal end of the ischia slightly expanded. It represents the first relatively complete titanosauriform skeleton found from Japan. The discovery of Fukuititan indicates that the diversity and geographical distribution of Titanosauriformes are much higher than the previous thought.
The Duty to Take Rescue Precautions
Authors: Rulli Tina , Wendler David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThere is much philosophical literature on the duty to rescue. Individuals who encounter and could save, at relatively little cost to themselves, a person at risk of losing life or limb are morally obligated to do so. Yet little has been said about the other side of the issue. There are cases in which the need for rescue could have been reasonably avoided by the rescuee. We argue for a duty to take rescue precautions, providing an account of the circumstances in which it arises. This novel duty has important implications for public policy. We apply it to the situation of some of the uninsured in the United States. Given the US clinician's duty to provide emergency care to all people regardless of ability to pay, some of the uninsured have a moral duty to purchase health insurance. We defend the duty against objections, including the possibility that a right to rescue can be waived, thus undermining a duty to take rescue precautions, that the duty of many professionals is voluntarily incurred, and that a distinction between actively assumed and passively assumed risks matters morally.
Robust Prioritization of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Using the VIKOR Method with Objective Weights
Authors: Kim Yeonjoo , Chung Eun‐Sung 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study proposes a robust prioritization framework for climate change adaptation strategies under uncertain climate change scenarios, using the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method, a multi‐criteria decision‐making approach, together with the Shannon entropy‐based weights. The VIKOR method allows us to find a compromise solution between two decision strategies of maximizing group utility and minimizing individual regret, and the Shannon entropy is used to determine objective weights among multiple climate change scenarios. The proposed methodology was applied to the problem of selecting locations of subwatersheds for reusing treated wastewater (TWW) in a Korean urban watershed. Selected based on the sustainability concept, hydro‐environmental and socioeconomic indicators were used to evaluate the sustainability of TWW reuse under multiple climate change scenarios, using the hydrologic simulation model results and statistical data. Finally, sustainability scores under multiple scenarios were aggregated using the VIKOR together with the Shannon entropy‐based weights for the robust prioritization of adaptation strategies. According to the different levels of regret aversion or affinity, our results for water quality showed different sets of adaptation strategies as the best options, suggesting that our framework would help stakeholders seeking the robust options considering both the utility and regret.
Genetic analysis of river, swamp and hybrid buffaloes of north‐east India throw new light on phylogeography of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Mishra B.P. , Dubey P.K. , Prakash B. , Kathiravan P. , Goyal S. , Sadana D.K. , Das G.C. , Goswami R.N. , Bhasin V. , Joshi B.K. , Kataria R.S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis study analysed buffaloes from north‐east India and compared their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variations with buffaloes of mainland India, China, Mediterranean and South‐East Asia. Microsatellite genotypes of 338 buffaloes including 210 from six north‐east Indian buffalo populations and three mainland Indian breeds were analysed to evaluate their genetic structure and evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analysis and multidimensional scaling plot of pairwise FST revealed the clustering of all swamp‐type buffaloes of north‐east India with Lower Assamese (significantly hybrid type) buffaloes in one plane and all the mainland river buffaloes in another plane while the upper Assamese buffaloes being distinct from both these clusters. Analysis of mtDNA D‐loop region of 530‐bp length was performed on 345 sequences belonging to 23 buffalo populations from various geographical regions to establish the phylogeography of Indian water buffalo. The swamp buffaloes of north‐east India clustered with both the lineages of Chinese swamp buffalo. Multidimensional scaling display of pairwise FST derived from mitochondrial DNA data showed clustering of upper Assamese, Chilika and Mediterranean buffaloes distinctly from all the other Indian buffalo populations. Median‐joining network analysis further confirmed the distinctness and ancestral nature of these buffaloes. The study revealed north‐east region of India forming part of the wider hybrid zone of water buffalo that may probably extend from north‐east India to South‐East Asia.
The effect of including genomic relationships in the estimation of genetic parameters of functional traits in pigs
Authors: Aasmundstad T. , Andersen‐Ranberg I. , Nordbø Ø. , Meuwissen T. , Vangen O. , Grindflek E. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe term functionality in animal breeding is used for traits that increase the efficiency of production by lowering the input cost, such as animal health and leg weakness related to longevity. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of genomic information, in a multivariate variance component analysis, on some of these traits. In addition, the effect of the inclusion was studied by testing the model's prediction ability based on best linear unbiased estimates for fixed and random effects. The material in this study consists of phenotypes from 76 683 animals, of which 4933 animals are genotyped. The heritabilities for front leg conformation, stayability, osteochondrosis and arched back, estimated using the traditional pedigree, were found to be between 0.12 and 0.29. When using the combined genomic and pedigree relationship matrix, the heritabilities were between 0.14 and 0.36. The results show that the combined relationship matrix can be used for the estimation of (co)variance components, and that the predictive ability of the model in this study marginally increases with the inclusion of genomic information.
Tat‐antioxidant 1 protects against stress‐induced hippocampal HT‐22 cells death and attenuate ischaemic insult in animal model
Authors: Kim So Mi , Hwang In Koo , Yoo Dae Young , Eum Won Sik , Kim Dae Won , Shin Min Jea , Ahn Eun Hee , Jo Hyo Sang , Ryu Eun Ji , Yong Ji In , Cho Sung‐Woo , Kwon Oh‐Shin , Lee Keun Wook , Cho Yoon Shin , Han Kyu Hyung , Park Jinseu , Choi Soo Young 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOxidative stress‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for various neuronal diseases. Antioxidant 1 (Atox1) regulates copper homoeostasis and promotes cellular antioxidant defence against toxins generated by ROS. The roles of Atox1 protein in ischaemia, however, remain unclear. In this study, we generated a protein transduction domain fused Tat‐Atox1 and examined the roles of Tat‐Atox1 in oxidative stress‐induced hippocampal HT‐22 cell death and an ischaemic injury animal model. Tat‐Atox1 effectively transduced into HT‐22 cells and it protected cells against the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced toxicity including increasing of ROS levels and DNA fragmentation. At the same time, Tat‐Atox1 regulated cellular survival signalling such as p53, Bad/Bcl‐2, Akt and mitogen‐activate protein kinases (MAPKs). In the animal ischaemia model, transduced Tat‐Atox1 protected against neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region. In addition, Tat‐Atox1 significantly decreased the activation of astrocytes and microglia as well as lipid peroxidation in the CA1 region after ischaemic insult. Taken together, these results indicate that transduced Tat‐Atox1 protects against oxidative stress‐induced HT‐22 cell death and against neuronal damage in animal ischaemia model. Therefore, we suggest that Tat‐Atox1 has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of oxidative stress‐induced ischaemic damage.
The importance (or lack thereof) of niche divergence to the maintenance of a northern species complex: the case of the long‐toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird)
Authors: Lee‐Yaw J. A. , Irwin D. E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe relative importance of ecological vs. nonecological factors for the origin and maintenance of species is an open question in evolutionary biology. Young lineages – such as the distinct genetic groups that make up the ranges of many northern species – represent an opportunity to study the importance of ecological divergence during the early stages of diversification. Yet, few studies have examined the extent of niche divergence between lineages in previously glaciated regions and the role of ecology in maintaining the contact zones between them. In this study, we used tests of niche overlap in combination with ecological niche models to explore the extent of niche divergence between lineages of the long‐toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird) species complex and to determine whether contact zones correspond to (divergent) niche limits. We found limited evidence for niche divergence between the different long‐toed salamander lineages, substantial overlap in the predicted distribution of suitable climatic space for all lineages and range limits that are independent of niche limits. These results raise questions as to the importance of ecological divergence to the development of this widespread species complex and highlight the potential for non‐ecological factors to play a more important role in the maintenance of northern taxa.
Antifungal Effects of Ozonated Water on Aspergillus parasiticus: A New Approach to Prevent Wheat Contamination
Authors: Mohammadi Kouchesfahani M. , Alimohammadi M. , Jahed Khaniki G. , Nabizadeh Nodehi R. , Aghamohseni Z. , Moazeni M. , Rezaie S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn Iran, wheat is one of the most important sources of diet. Unfortunately, it is vulnerable to contamination with fungi consisting of aflatoxigenic moulds. Since 1997, ozone has been recognized as an effective oxidant and disinfection agent. This study demonstrates the benefits derived from ozone in the inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production in wheat. Wheat samples inoculated with A. parasiticus spore suspensions (10,102 and 104 spores/g of wheat) were treated with ozonated water at various concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 2.5 mg ozone/L at different temperatures. Fungal mycelium was weighed to evaluate the effect of ozone on A. parasiticus growth. Moreover, the rate of aflatoxin production was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicated that ozonated water can inhibit A. parasiticus growth as well as the accumulation of aflatoxins effectively. The best result was obtained when samples were treated with 2.5 mg/L of ozonated water and at fungal spore concentrations of 10 and 102 for inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the usage of ozonated water during wheat tempering is a promising strategy for inhibition of A. parasiticus growth and for reducing aflatoxin production.Practical ApplicationThe high incidence rate of cereal contamination by mycotoxins has been reported worldwide. Because of the carcinogenic effects of aflatoxins, various methods are used for inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production. In contrast to different methods, which production of unfavorable residues is a problem, ozone decomposes to molecular oxygen rapidly and leaves no unwanted residue. Ozone is a safe, powerful disinfectant that is particularly suited for the food industry because of its ability to control biological growth of unwanted organisms without adding chemical by‐products to the food being treated. Our findings indicated that usage of ozonated water instead of water in wheat tempering stage can possibly functioned as a method for inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxins production in wheat and can play an important role in decreasing of cereal wastes and increasing of food safety.
Diet Soda Intake Is Associated with Long‐Term Increases in Waist Circumference in a Biethnic Cohort of Older Adults: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Fowler Sharon P.G. , Williams Ken , Hazuda Helen P. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between diet soda (DS) intake (DSI) and long‐term waist circumference (WC) change (ΔWC) in the biethnic San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSan Antonio, Texas, neighborhoods.ParticipantsSALSA examined 749 Mexican‐American and European‐American individuals aged 65 and older at baseline (baseline, 1992–96); 474 (79.1%) survivors completed follow‐up 1 (FU1, 2000–01), 413 (73.4%) completed FU2 (2001–03), and 375 (71.0%) completed FU3 (2003–04). Participants completed a mean of 2.64 follow‐up intervals, for 9.4 total follow‐up years.MeasurementsDSI, WC, height, and weight were measured at outset and at the conclusion of each interval: baseline, FU1, FU2, and FU3.ResultsAdjusted for initial WC, demographic characteristics, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, mean interval ΔWC of DS users (2.11 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–2.76 cm) was almost triple that of nonusers (0.77 cm, 95% CI = 0.29–1.23 cm) (P < .001). Adjusted interval ΔWCs were 0.77 cm (95% CI = 0.29–1.23 cm) for nonusers, 1.76 cm (95% CI = 0.96–2.57 cm) for occasional users, and 3.04 cm (95% CI = 1.82–4.26 cm) for daily users (P = .002 for trend). This translates to ΔWCs of 0.80 inches for nonusers, 1.83 inches for occasional users, and 3.16 for daily users over the total SALSA follow‐up. In subanalyses stratified for selected covariates, ΔWC point estimates were consistently higher in DS users.ConclusionIn a striking dose‐response relationship, increasing DSI was associated with escalating abdominal obesity, a potential pathway for cardiometabolic risk in this aging population.
Effects of a partnership support program for couples undergoing fertility treatment
Authors: Asazawa Kyoko 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe study's purpose was to examine the effects of providing a partnership support program. It was designed to improve Japanese couples' partnership, maintain quality of life, decrease psychological distress, and improve marital relationship satisfaction while they underwent infertility treatment that included the possibility of using assisted reproductive technology.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study with a two‐group pretest–post‐test design used purposive sampling and non‐random assignment of 318 consenting Japanese patients from previous phases of assisted reproductive technology fertility treatment who were patients from a fertility clinic in Tokyo, Japan. The intervention group of 152 patients (76 couples) participated in the partnership support program. The comparison group of 166 patients (83 couples) received usual care. Recruitment was age matched. The program provided information and used a participatory–interactive approach to enhance understanding and cooperation in couples undergoing fertility treatment. The main outcome measures were: “partnership”, FertiQoL, Quality Marriage Index, and “psychological distress”.ResultsThere were 311 participants (intervention group n = 148; comparison group, n = 163). The intervention group showed significant improvement in the couples' partnerships and a significant decrease in women's psychological distress using subgroup analysis.ConclusionThe partnership support program provided effective improvement in partnership for the couples, and reduced psychological distress for the women; however, it had less impact for the men. The program was not effective in improving couples' overall quality of life (QOL); however, it was effective in improving the “mind–body” aspects of the QOL subscale.