bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalization in Drilling: A Paradigm Shift for Cost Reduction in Geothermal Projects
Authors: Martini Roberto , Giudici Giulia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reducing drilling costs in geothermal projects is imperative for fostering the widespread adoption of renewable energy, given that drilling expenses can constitute up to 50% of the total capital outlay. This paper explores the pivotal role played by digitalization in drilling operations in Italy, showcasing how it has contributed to substantial cost reductions in new projects.
The wealth of data generated during well operations, encompassing surface and downhole logging data, lithological reports, drilling reports, and equipment data, serves as a valuable resource. An integrated analysis of these diverse data sources offers insights crucial for future well engineering and planning. This includes investigating well problems, enhancing performance, and, ultimately, reducing costs by preventively addressing and mitigating risks.
Employing an integrated solution that consolidates these disparate data sources facilitates the creation of numerous analytics for both individual wells and groups of offset wells. Notably, the interpretation of surface logging data, coupled with automatic recognition of operating sequences and integration with standard daily reports, yields a level of granularity surpassing traditional reporting methods.
Accurate measurement of every operation through objective and detailed Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as Rate of Penetration (ROP), tripping speed, weight-to-weight, and connection time, facilitates the evaluation of technical and performance issues. This, in turn, enables a deeper understanding of root causes, anticipation of future problems, and identification of opportunities for improvement.
This data-driven approach significantly contributes to cost reduction throughout the entire well lifecycle:
Calculating the technical limit and implementing lessons learned results in enhanced overall drilling performance by minimizing Invisible Lost Time (ILT), which typically accounts for approximately 25% of all drilling operations. The use of impartial performance indicators incentivizes performance from contractors and addresses low performance issues. Combined analysis of real time logging data and drilling parameters allow to optimize drilling parameters and anticipate possible dangerous situations. The use of accurate offset well data, allows to optimize the budget allocation, minimizing the overall project expenses. The extensive use of well data not only enhances the quality of field reporting but also establishes a structured repository for all recorded well operation data. This digitalization process opens possibilities for operators in terms of predictive modelling and operations automation.
The results will be presented though a real case study of 6 wells in the larger geothermal field in Italy. The novelty of this approach lies in the automatic integration of multiple data sources, providing unparalleled analytics and opportunity to reduce overall costs.
Microscopic CO2 Injection in Tight Formations: A Powerhouse Technology for Green Energy Transition
Authors: AlKharraa Hamad , AlQuraishi Abdulrahman , Wolf Karl-Heinz , AlDuhailan Mohammed , Mahmoud Mohamed , AlAbdrabalnabi Ridha , Abdullah Eassa , Alqahtani Naif , Zitha Pacelli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Advancing towards a green transition necessitates rely in renewable energies and the mitigation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions through Carbon Capture, Usage, and Storage (CCUS) highlighting the substantial need to store greenhouse gases into geological formations, specifically tight formations. The subsurface storage and the consequent formation fluids displacement is challenging due to the rock’s pore network complexity. This work involved comprehensive laboratory work was performed on Bandera, Kentucky and Scioto sandstones including Routine Core Analyses, Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)in order to determine novel criterion for optimal tight sand selection for safe and efficient CO2 storage. Accordingly, Scioto sandstone is elected as the most appropriate candidate for CO2–EOR among the tested sandstones due to its high micropore system capacity to store and confine injected CO2. Coreflooding runs were conducted on Scioto sandstone composite coresto assess the storage efficiency under different injection schemes and NMR technology was employed to evaluate fluid distribution pre- and post-flooding, providing insights into fluids distribution in various pore sizes of the pore network. Results indicate that continuous miscible CO2 was able to invade micropores providing the highest microscopic displacement compared to the other tested injection schemes. Such microscopic displacement can lead to permanent CO2 storage in invaded tight pores due to capillarity mechanism. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of NMR measurements in assessing pore fluids distribution and the potential for long term microscopic CO2 storage and trapping in tight formations. Therefore, borehole NMR technology can be utilized to assess the near wellbore performance of CO2 injection for EOR and geo-storage purposes.
Review of Reservoir Engineering Considerations for Screening CO2 Geothermal Sites to Optimize Energy and Storage Yields
Authors: Turunc H. , Kowollik P. , Burachok O. , Alkan H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon-dioxide-geothermal power generation opens up the unique opportunity to form a synergetic combination of the two leading decarbonization pathways: the development of renewable energies and the avoidance/reversal of CO2-emissions via geological carbon storage (GCS). Whilst CO2-geothermal power generation is reliant on preceding (or parallel running) GCS operations, it may, at the same time, advocate for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. This is because the generation of geothermal power provides a sustainable concept for parallel- and post-utilization of GSC sites, which improves public perception and enhances the project NPV and life span, in turn securing jobs in the long-term.
Existing studies mainly focus on the concept of CO2 utilization as a working fluid for geothermal power generation, thermosiphon functional principle, enhanced geothermal systems in hot dry rocks, thermal effects and geochemical interactions of CO2 and aquifer brines etc. Unfortunately, they lack engineering recommendations, guidelines and criteria for the selection of optimum sites, where pilot or full-field implementation of CO2 plume geothermal (CPG) systems could be implemented. In the current paper we propose a matrix of the selection criteria for screening of potential geologic sites derived from sensitivity and uncertainty analysis considering the key subsurface parameters like reservoir depth and thickness, geothermal gradient, permeability, well spacing and operational constraints, etc. The proposed matrix allows for time and therefore cost saving on proper identification of suitable sites, not only in the depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, but also in saline aquifers.
Experimental Investigation of CO2-Hydrate Formation During CO2 Storage in Tight Chalk Reservoirs
Authors: Khojamli S. , Shojaei K. G. , Talaei A. , Mokhtari R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
CO2-hydrate formation in porous media diminishes injectivity, which is crucial for sustained high-rate CO2 injection in geological sequestration, posing risks throughout the value chain. Confined water in small pores induces a shift in the CO2-hydrate envelope, especially in high-porosity, low-permeability chalk structures. This study aims to establish a CO2-hydrate envelope in chalk and explore the impact of brine salinity and other gases on hydrate formation. Experiments are conducted using a well-designed coreflooding rig, where a core sample is mounted with separate brine and CO2 inlet lines to minimize hydrate formation outside the porous media. Precise temperature monitoring and simultaneous injection of CO2 and water guarantee both phases' presence, with temperature reduction leading to CO2-hydrate formation. CO2-hydrate formation is tracked through pressure difference and electrical resistivity responses within the core. Preliminary findings demonstrate the repeatability and reproducibility of results, with observed heat release during hydrate initiation and subsequent temperature increase. Significant differential pressure increase indicates injectivity loss during CO2-hydrate formation, mitigated by elevated temperature, restoring core permeability. Temperature-dependent variations in hydrate formation and dissipation are noted, with ongoing experiments exploring the impact of brine salinity and non-CO2 gases on the hydrate envelope. Restricting water into small pores alters the CO2-hydrate envelope's stability, particularly in high-porosity, low-permeability chalk structures, warranting careful consideration due to limited experimental data available in the literature.
Experimental Study of CO2 Mixture Injection at High Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Bartosek M. , Moghadas L. , Renna D. , Pisicchi P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide geological storage is considered one of the crucial technologies that can permit to mitigate the greenhouse gas emission impact. The storage site characterization through laboratory studies is important to assess feasibility and mitigate the risk.
In this work we present a series of core-flooding experiments necessary to acquire the fluid flow parameters and behavior at reservoir conditions. CO2 supercritical stream was mixed with methane in two sets at 5% and 10% of CH4. Core-flooding tests were conducted at high pressure (HP), up to 375 bar and high temperature (HT), up to 180°C.
HP-HT core-flooding rig and a "4D" X ray tomographic rig were used, permitting to accurately monitor the effect of fluids propagation, breakthrough, and production in the porous core samples. Different set of relative permeability experiments were conducted adopting both Unsteady and Steady State methodologies. The experiments followed laboratory methodologies necessary for reservoir condition aiming also to improve the existing protocols and maximize the acquired data quality.
Core Plugs in a broad range of permeability (0.1-600 mD) were tested. X-ray tomography permits to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity. The X-ray volumetric data, acquired continuously during the flooding, were converted in linear profiles of saturation. The latter together with additional conventional fluid and gas inlet-outlet mass balance and accurate pressure monitoring permitted to assess good quality relative permeability data. Flow behavior with observed dynamic phenomena is discussed. The CO2 contamination with methane did not significantly affect the injectivity.
Core flooding results, injectivity behavior with observed dynamic phenomena are presented. The CO2 stream contamination with methane and the harsh conditions, in particular the high temperature is not common in experimental works (Rizzato et al 2019).
State of the art Test Method to Quantify Progression Rate of Carbonation of Wellbore Sealing Materials
Authors: Lende Gunnar , Sørensen Espen , Jandhyala Siva Rama Krishna , van Noort Reinier 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate an effective approach for mapping and quantifying progression rate of CO2 induced carbonation on wellbore cements. The method involves four steps: 1. molding and curing the sealant, 2. exposing axially to CO2, either super-critical CO2 saturated with H2O or H2O saturated with CO2, at a high differential pressure while measuring flow rates, 3. mapping reacted versus unreacted areas radially and axially by measuring matrix hardness with an indentation method and 4, comparing pre-, post- and reference exposure results for various mechanical properties and permeability. Permeability and conventional mechanical properties are measured before and after exposure and then compared with reference samples. The method provides a quantitative and illustrative map of the carbonation progression axially through the exposed sample, and it helps build a map of the exposed area in terms of actual changes to the mechanical properties. It further provides data that shows the effect of the carbonation in terms of hardening, softening and change in permeability.
This reveals changes in the materials taking place beyond the initial carbonation of Ca(OH)2 normally mapped by the phenolphthalein method and helps when evaluating sealants for which mapping methods like phenolphthalein are not available. The method was applied to a wide variety of sealant compositions with consistent results. A high axial differential pressure is applied to accelerate progression, so that more predictive data can be gathered in a relatively short time, from which long-term effects can be extrapolated. The method has shown highly applicable for quantifying physical effects of carbonation and can be performed without highly advanced and expensive equipment by using equipment that most technology centers have access. It provides a valuable quantification of progression rate of affected as well as damaged matrix which can be used to assess usable lifetime of barrier materials in well-defined and semi-confined geometries such as plugs or annular barriers for CCUS wells.
The wave mechanics for microwave absorption film-Part 3: Film with multilayers
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Ying , Drew Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In the field of microwave absorption, the quarter-wavelength theory (QWM) is commonly employed for films with multiplelayers. However, this study demonstrates the inadequacy of QWM as it is fundamentally flawed. The conventional results pertaining to films with or without a metal backing are typically applied to the central layers of multilayer films. Nevertheless, this approach is flawed, as it overlooks the presence of incident microwaves on both sides of the central layer, focusing solely on those in front of the film. To address this gap, our work introduces a novel theoretical framework for multilayer films, filling the void in existing literature. This research introduces a new, robust physical approach to understanding Multilayered films.
Genetic identification and determination of parasites (Babesia, Leptospira and Toxoplasma Gondi) in wild rats
Authors: Atukpa ME , Okeke EO , Falade MO , ALi Awais , Ali Syed Luqman , Hajar Azraida , Ullah Waseef 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rodents are reservoirs for the transmission of various zoonotic diseases such as Toxoplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Leptospirosis, which have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and significant presence of wild rats, the aim of this study was to genetically identify and determine the presence of parasites (Babesia, Leptospira, and Toxoplasma gondii) in wild rats found in Obafemi Awolowo Hall, University of Ibadan. Wild rats were captured from different parts of the University using live traps and euthanized, then dissected aseptically. Body length and weight were recorded before obtaining kidneys and brains for PCR-based parasite detection and identification. A total of 53 rodents belonging to five rodent genera and one shrew genus were captured. Among these rodents, Rattus norvegicus was the most predominant species, accounting for 70% of total captures. The largest category was 21–40 cm (63.63%), and the highest body weight range was 1-200 g (61.81%). The presence of these zoonotic parasites in wild rats suggests the potential risk of transmitting rodent-borne zoonotic diseases to humans. There is a need to enhance interventions for rat control and raise public awareness about the associated health risks, as this is an issue of public health concern.
The role of blood PCR in differentiation of acute toxoplasmosis from chronic infection during pregnancy
Authors: Roostaei Tayebe , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Foroughi-Parvar Faeze , Haghi Mousa Motavalli , Hajilooi Mehrdad , matini mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii causes common parasitic infection, and congenital toxoplasmosis is considered a serious public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of maternal blood PCR in differentiating between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. During January to June 2023, 291 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics in Malayer, western Iran, were tested for IgG antibodies against T. gondii using ELISA assay. The seropositive samples were subjected to anti-Toxoplasma IgG avidity and IgM ELISA test. Then the peripheral blood of women with positive sera was checked for Toxoplasma DNA by B1 gene and nested-PCR method. Out of 219 pregnant women, 77 (26.46%, 95% CI:31.53–21.39) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG. The seropositivity rate was significantly higher in the age group of 39 years and older. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in two IgG seropositive samples. In total, the IgG avidity index was low in 4 women without obvious symptoms of toxoplasmosis, while it was borderline and high in 4 and 59 women, respectively. The Toxoplasma B1 gene was detected in four out of the 77 seropositive samples. According to the combination of serological and PCR results, primary infection was diagnosed in three PCR positive women with low and borderline avidity index. In this study, the primary toxoplasmosis was 1%, indicating that the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis is still a serious issue. Furthermore, it is suggested that serology results be interpreted in the context of the results of other additional confirmatory tests.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of pyro-dextrinization, acid hydrolysis and cross linking modifications on physico-chemical, functional and structural properties of starch from Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)
Authors: Iqbal Unaiza , Saini Pinki , Ahmed Mazia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Intravitreal faricimab for previously treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Park Susanna , Hang Abraham , Ngo Taylor , Virk Jaipreet , Moussa Kareem , Moshiri Ala , Emami-Naeini Parisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives:
To report our real-world experience using intravitreal faricimab, a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) previously treated with other anti-VEGF therapy.
Subjects/Methods:
A retrospective, single-center study of previously treated nAMD eyes treated with faricimab.
Results:
In 88 eyes (73 patients), mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/63 (range 20/20 to CF) with mean anti-VEGF injection interval of 6.1+2.0 weeks. Mean baseline central subfield thickness (CST) was 291+73 µm. During mean follow-up of 30.1+13.5 (range 7.0 to 50.3) weeks on faricimab, the eyes received an average of 5.1+2.4 injections (range 1 to 11). Mean BCVA remained at 20/63 (p=0.11), but injection interval increased to 7.4+2.6 weeks (p<0.001), and CST decreased to 262+63 µm (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that higher number of different anti-VEGF drugs used at baseline was associated with a lower decrease in CST on faricimab (p=0.04) while total number of anti-VEGF injections at baseline (p=0.56) and time on faricimab (p=0.68) were not associated. Faricimab was discontinued in 23 eyes (26.1%), including 8 eyes for poor response, 2 eyes for persistent new floaters and 4 eyes for new vision decrease which reversed after stopping faricimab.
Conclusions
In previously treated nAMD eyes, intravitreal faricimab was associated with increased mean treatment interval and decreased CST but no improvement in mean BCVA. The benefit of faricimab on CST reduction may be diminished in eyes previously treated with multiple different types of anti-VEGF therapy.
Efficacy and Safety of Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma in Chronic Wound Treatment: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Yalong , Wang Xingtong , Li Yucong , Li Dawei , Li Shijie , Shen Chuanan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (al-PRP) is gaining attention in clinical practice for treating chronic refractory wounds, though research results remain controversial.
Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of al-PRP for chronic refractory wounds.
Method: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WFPD were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing al-PRP with conventional treatments up to October 2023. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4.
Results: Twelve studies with 717 cases were included. Meta-analysis showed al-PRP significantly improved outcomes compared to non-al-PRP treatments: increased healing rate (RR 2.72, 95% CI 1.77-4.19, p<0.00001), shortened healing time (SMD -1.03, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.75, p<0.00001), improved efficacy rate (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10-1.28, p<0.00001), increased wound shrinkage (MD 35.65%, 95% CI 21.65-49.64, p<0.00001), and reduced hospital stays (MD -2.62, 95% CI -4.35 to -0.90, p=0.003).
Conclusion: Al-PRP is a feasible, effective, and safe biological therapy for chronic refractory wounds.
Addressing Challenges for Psychotherapy Supervision in Global Mental Health: Experiential Learnings From Rural Nepal
Authors: Rimal Pragya , Shrestha Srijana , Khatri Rekha , Sapkota Sabitri , Swar Sikhar Bahadur , Basnet Madhur , Sigdel Kripa , Jirel Sunita , Acharya Bibhav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
As the field of global mental health grows, many psychotherapy trainees will work across cultures in low-resource settings in high-income countries or in low- and middle-income countries. Faculty members and mentors may face several challenges in providing supervision for psychologists in low-resource settings. As such, there is a need to develop best practices for psychotherapy supervision in global mental health.
Methods
We describe the common challenges and potential strategies in psychotherapy supervision based on our research, clinical, and academic partnerships between academic institutions, a nonprofit organization, and the Nepali government.
Results
The strategies and considerations we have found helpful include focusing on therapies with strong behavioral and interpersonal (rather than emotional or cognitive) components and using locally validated therapies or standard manuals that have been endorsed by the WHO for low-resource settings. Other strategies include providing psychotherapy training for local psychiatrists who may be in supervisory roles and gaining competence in navigating different expectations of social structures and family dynamics.
Conclusion
Supervisors face many challenges while supporting trainees and early psychologists in global mental health settings. While ensuring local adaptation, key considerations can be developed into best practices to support psychiatrists, supervisors, and trainees based in low- and middle-income countries.