bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BARBALOIN CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION IN ALOE ARBORESCENS LEAVES ACCORDING TO THE LEAF PART, AGE, POSITION, AND SEASON
Authors: Chauser-Volfson Elena , Gutterman Yitzchak 
Published: April 2013

The distribution of the secondary phenolic compound, barbaloin, in Aloe arborescens leaves depends on the leaf part, age, and position of the leaf, as well as on seasonal influences. Young and old leaves of A. arborescens were cut from plants monthly and the exudate was immediately freeze-dried. The barbaloin levels were determined spectrophotometrically at λmax, 360–362 nm after separation by TLC. In all leaves the tissue of the basal third of the leaf had the lowest barbaloin content, the upper third contained the highest percentage, and the middle part contained the intermediate percentage. After cutting young leaves, the new basal part that grows after replanting has a higher barbaloin content after about five months when compared with the same part before cutting.
In the 16 leaves of a cutting rooted two years before the experiment, the highest barbaloin content was found in the four upper young leaves (63%). In all the other leaves the barbaloin content was found to be only between 13 and 22%.
There are also seasonal influences on the barbaloin content of young leaves. When old and young leaves were compared, the higher barbaloin content was found in the young leaves harvested at the same time.
SPONTANEOUS AND LEARNED PREFERENCES FOR VISUAL FLOWER FEATURES IN A DIURNAL HAWKMOTH
Authors: Kelber Almut , Pfaff Michael 
Published: April 2013

Macroglossum stellatarumis a diurnal member of the otherwise crepuscular sphin- gid family. The moths of this species are known to visit flowers of almost all colors, sizes, and patterns, but at a time, they are flower-constant. They are mainly attracted by the visual cues of flowers, odors being less important. The choices for flower-like objects differing in color, size, and pattern were analyzed in flight cages with free-flying animals of the laboratory livestock.Newly eclosed moths spontaneously choose 440 nm and 540 nm more frequently than other colors, radial patterns rather than ring patterns, and paper disks with a central spot more often than those without it. They are attracted to disks of about 32 mm diameter with a large distance to the background. These spontaneous choices enable them to find a first nectar reward. The moths can be trained to colors and sizes. They learn spectral colors much faster than paper colors, and their choices after color learning are compatible with true color vision phenomena. Most probably they also have a time-place memory.
POST-FIRE VEGETATION DYNAMICS IN A NATIVE PINUS HALEPENSIS MILL. FOREST ON MT. CARMEL, ISRAEL
Authors: Schiller Gabriel , Ne'eman Gidi , Korol Leonid 
Published: April 2013

Israel's largest naturalPinus halepensisMill. forest is on the Mt. Carmel range and belongs to the distinct East Mediterranean genetic group. Most of this forest is the result of invasion of abandoned fields and grazing lands, resulting in a heterogeneous pine forest with an understory of broad-leaf shrubs and trees. Species composition, vegetation cover, pine-stand structure, and pine genetic diversity of plots in sites of known fire history, burned 5, 11, and 20 years ago, were studied with adjacent unburned sites forming a chronosequence.Except for annual species, no species replacement took place during post-fire succession. The main observed changes were in the cover of species and of plant life forms. The ratio of tree/dwarf-shrub cover was found to be linearly related to the number of years elapsed since the last fire. Therefore, this ratio could serve as an index to determine the successional stage of Aleppo pine stands with unknown fire history. It is estimated that 30–40 years are needed for full recovery of Aleppo pine stands after fire, depending upon site quality. The stands of post-fire regeneration are of uniform age and are less variable in their structure than unburned stands. The genetic distance among the variousPinus halepensissubpopulations was found to be very small; most of the genetic variability was due to within-subpopulations variability, with almost no variability among subpopulations. Alleles that are typical of West MediterraneanP. halepensispopulations or ofP. brutia, were found in two post-fire subpopulations (stands), indicating pre-fire cross pollination between nativePinus halepensistrees and trees in adjacent pine plantations of foreign origin.The conclusion is that fire has little effect on species composition and on vegetation structure, but that it alters the Aleppo pine stand structure.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEAF ANATOMY AND ESSENTIAL OILS OF THE HYBRID MENTHA X VILLOSO-NERVATA AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES M. LONGIFOLIA AND M. SPICATA
Authors: Gavalas Nikos , Bosabalidis M. Artemios , Kokkini Stella 
Published: April 2013

Leaves of the hybrid Mentha x villoso-nervata are covered with nonglandular trichomes of intermediate length between those of its parental taxa M. longifolia and M. spicata. Glandular trichomes producing essential oils are more numerous on the lower leaf surface than on the upper one in all three mints. Their number per mm2 is higher in M. spicata and it decreases in M. longifolia and M. x villoso-nervata. Stomata are also more numerous on the lower leaf surface of the three taxa, with M. longifolia predominating. The leaf lamina of M. x villoso-nervata is ca. 83% thicker than that of M. longifolia and ca. 9% thicker than that of M. spicata. The number of chloroplasts per mm2 of mesophyll section (leaf cross section) is higher in M. X villoso-nervata. In leaf paradermal sections, the sizes of the epidermal, palisade, and spongy parenchyma cells of M. X villoso-nervata have intermediate values between those of its parental species M. longifolia and M. spicata.
M. x villoso-nervata leaves are the lowest in essential oil content. As concerns the essential oil composition, the hybrid resembles one parent, M. longifolia, in the derivatives of piperitenone and piperitone, and the other parent, M. spicata, in the high amount of limonene. It differs, however, from its parental species in that it contains a higher amount of germacrene D.
A COMPARISON OF COMPUTERIZED IMAGE ANALYSIS AND STEREOLOGY AS TOOLS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ALGAL CELLS
Authors: Fisher Tamar , Berner Tamar , Gal Adiv , Dubinsky Zvy 
Published: April 2013

A computerized image analysis package (ImagePro+) was evaluated as an alternative method for morphometric analysis of electron micrographs of microalgal cells. The morphometric analysis was demonstrated with micrographs of the marine alga Nannochloropsis sp. grown under high and low light intensity. We applied the ImagePro+ package to estimate the relative volume of an organelle based on the ratio of perimeters of the organelle and the cell. The measurements included the volumes of chloroplasts, mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, and accumulation bodies, all relative to cell volume. The length of thylakoids was measured using the same package.
The results obtained by ImagePro+ were compared to those of the traditional manual and laborious method involving the superimposition of an array of short lines on the micrograph. A high correlation between the methods was found. The following correlations were found for chloroplast, nucleus, and accumulation bodies: 0.96, 0.92, and 0.75, respectively. The correlation between length of thylakoids (ImagePro+) and surface area of thylakoids (superimposition) was 0.82.
BIOMASS ALLOCATION AND PHOSPHORUS PRODUCTIVITY OF CAREX SPECIES IN RELATION TO SOIL PHOSPHORUS STATUS
Authors: Pérez-Corona María Esther , Verhoeven Jos T.A. 
Published: April 2013

Biomass allocation and P productivity were studied in threeCarexspecies (C. acutiformis, C. diandra, andC. lasiocarpa) that were grown in fen peat soils differing in P content. Biomass allocation to plant parts and P productivity involved significant interactions between soil P status and species.C. acutiformis, a species from highly productive areas, showed higher biomass production, P productivity, leaf area ratio, and specific leaf area under P-deficient conditions thanC. diandraandC. lasiocarpa, both species from less productive areas. Below-ground biomass allocation ofC. acutiformisand above-ground biomass allocation ofC. diandraand C.lasiocarpashowed plasticity in relation to soil P status.These results were remarkable since C.acutiformis, a species from eutrophic fen areas, was expected to perform worse under P-deficient conditions than those species naturally growing in those areas. Species demands on the chemical composition of the interstitial water, specific abilities to use nondirectly available P pools, faster seed germination, or seedling establishment may contribute to determine the field distribution of fenCarexspecies in relation to soil P status.
An HMM-based algorithm for evaluating rates of receptor–ligand binding kinetics from thermal fluctuation data
Authors: Ju Lining , Wang Yijie Dylan , Hung Ying , Wu Chien-Fu Jeff , Zhu Cheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMotivation: Abrupt reduction/resumption of thermal fluctuations of a force probe has been used to identify association/dissociation events of protein–ligand bonds. We show that off-rate of molecular dissociation can be estimated by the analysis of the bond lifetime, while the on-rate of molecular association can be estimated by the analysis of the waiting time between two neighboring bond events. However, the analysis relies heavily on subjective judgments and is time-consuming. To automate the process of mapping out bond events from thermal fluctuation data, we develop a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based method.Results: The HMM method represents the bond state by a hidden variable with two values: bound and unbound. The bond association/dissociation is visualized and pinpointed. We apply the method to analyze a key receptor–ligand interaction in the early stage of hemostasis and thrombosis: the von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα). The numbers of bond lifetime and waiting time events estimated by the HMM are much more than those estimated by a descriptive statistical method from the same set of raw data. The kinetic parameters estimated by the HMM are in excellent agreement with those by a descriptive statistical analysis, but have much smaller errors for both wild-type and two mutant VWF-A1 domains. Thus, the computerized analysis allows us to speed up the analysis and improve the quality of estimates of receptor–ligand binding kinetics.Contact: jeffwu@isye.gatech.edu or cheng.zhu@bme.gatech.edu
Density distributions of outflow-driven turbulence
Authors: Moraghan Anthony , Kim Jongsoo , Yoon Suk-Jin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Protostellar jets and outflows are signatures of star formation and promising mechanisms for driving supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds. We quantify outflow-driven turbulence through three-dimensional numerical simulations using an isothermal version of the robust total variation diminishing code. We drive turbulence in real space using a simplified spherical outflow model, analyse the data through density probability distribution functions (PDFs), and investigate the core formation rate per free-fall time (CFRff). The real-space turbulence-driving method produces a negatively skewed density PDF possessing an enhanced tail on the low-density side. It deviates from the log-normal distributions typically obtained from Fourier-space turbulence driving at low densities, but can provide a good fit at high densities, particularly in terms of mass-weighted rather than volume-weighted density PDF. Due to this fact, we suggest that the CFRff determined from a Fourier-driven turbulence model could be comparable to that of our particular real-space-driving model, which has a ratio of solenoidal to compressional components from the resulting turbulence velocity fields of ∼0.6.
Extrahepatic Cholangiocyte Cilia Are Abnormal in Biliary Atresia
Authors: Karjoo Sara , Hand Nicholas J. , Loarca Lorena , Russo Pierre A. , Friedman Joshua R. , Wells Rebecca G. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:Biliary atresia (BA) is a rapidly progressive form of biliary fibrosis affecting neonates. We previously reported that primary cilia on the intrahepatic cholangiocytes of patients with both syndromic and nonsyndromic BA were structurally abnormal. Our objective was to determine whether extrahepatic cholangiocytes in human biliary atesia, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocytes of rhesus rotavirus (RRV)‐infected neonatal mice, and RRV‐infected primary neonatal extrahepatic cholangiocytes also demonstrate ciliary abnormalities.Methods:The livers of neonatal BALB/c mice injected with RRV that developed jaundice, human extrahepatic bile duct samples obtained at time of hepatoportoenterostomy, and RRV‐infected primary neonatal cholangiocytes were stained with antibodies against acetylated α tubulin to identify primary cilia.Results:Extrahepatic cholangiocytes from RRV‐treated mice demonstrated minimal loss of primary cilia at day 3 but almost complete loss at day 8 and partial loss at day 12. No changes were seen in mouse intrahepatic bile ducts at any of the time points. In the human BA samples, primary cilia were almost completely absent from extrahepatic duct cholangiocytes. There were, however, abundant cilia in the peribiliary glands adjacent to extrahepatic ducts in the BA sample. Cilia in RRV‐infected primary neonatal cholangiocytes were significantly decreased compared with controls.Conclusions:Primary cilia are selectively lost from neonatal extrahepatic but not intrahepatic cholangiocytes after RRV infection in BALB/c mice. The cilia are also decreased in RRV‐infected primary cholangiocytes and the extrahepatic ducts from human patients with BA. This suggests that ciliary abnormalities are part of the pathophysiology of BA.
Weak limits and their calculation in analog signal theory
Authors: Jurić Željko , Šiljak Harun 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the mathematical justification of certain analog signal theory concepts and offer a rigorous framework for it.Design/methodology/approachThe framework relies on functional analysis, namely theory of distributions and the concept of weak limit. Its notation is adjusted to resemble the notation usually used in engineering signal theory. It can be used to prove in a rigorous manner already established results in signal theory, but also to establish new ones.FindingsExamples have shown the lack of rigour caused by using ordinary calculus in proving fundamental signal theoretic results. On that basis, concepts of limit, Fourier transform and derivative are revisited in the spirit of functional analysis. A new useful formula for weak limit computation is proved.Originality/valueFunctional analysis is efficiently used in signal theory in a manner approachable by engineers. An original and efficient formula for weak limit computation is presented and proved.
Longitudinal profiles of expressive vocabulary, syntax and pragmatic language in boys with fragile X syndrome or Down syndrome
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Losh Molly , Estigarribia Bruno , Sideris John , Roberts Joanne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS) are the two leading genetic causes of intellectual disability, and FXS is the most common known genetic condition associated with autism. Both FXS and DS are associated with significant language impairment, but little is known about expressive language across domains over time or the role of autism in language development in FXS.AimsTo compare three domains of language production (vocabulary, syntax, pragmatics) over time within and across groups of boys with FXS with and without autism spectrum disorder (FXS‐ASD, FXS‐O), boys with DS, and typically developing (TD) boys.Methods & ProceduresTwenty‐nine boys with FXS‐O, 40 boys with FXS‐ASD, 34 boys with DS, and 48 younger TD boys of similar non‐verbal mental age living in the United States participated in the study. The Antonyms, Syntax Construction and Pragmatic Judgment subtests of the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language were administered annually over 3 years.Outcomes & ResultsTD boys scored higher than all other groups on all three subtests; boys with FXS‐O and FXS‐ASD scored higher than boys with DS in Syntax Construction; and boys with FXS‐O scored higher than boys with FXS‐ASD in Pragmatic Judgment. Within‐group patterns varied between groups. Overall, the TD group showed significantly more change over time than all other groups.Conclusions & ImplicationsFindings suggest that expressive language skills and growth across various domains are more impaired in boys with FXS and DS than would be expected based on non‐verbal mental age, that for boys with DS syntax is more impaired than would be expected based on intellectual disability, and that autism status affects pragmatic language in boys with FXS. Findings suggest that language production across domains should be addressed during assessment and intervention for boys with FXS and boys with DS, with differing group profiles also suggesting potentially different areas of focus.
The Personal Agreement System of Zbu Rgyalrong (Ngyaltsu Variety)
Authors: Gong Xun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the personal agreement system of the Ngyaltsu variety of Zbu rGyalrong is described, the first such description for this rarely documented Sino‐Tibetan language. The agreement pattern is characterised by a direct‐inverse system, analysed in detail using the conceptual apparatus from. The system is then compared with those of three neighbouring rGyalrong languages: Eastern rGyalrong, Japhug and Tshobdun, where it is suggested, especially from the behaviour of closed‐syllable stems in Eastern rGyalrong, that the person suffixes across rGyalrong are internally structured, the 1sg suffix having a particularly close relationship with the stem.
The effect of incorporating calcium lactate in the saline solution on improving the shelf life of Fiordilatte cheese
Authors: Michele Faccia , Luisa Angiolillo , Marianna Mastromatteo , Amalia Conte , Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile 
Published: April 2013

The effect of calcium lactate (CL) on both the sensory and microbiological quality of Fiordilatte cheese was evaluated. The novelty of this work is the addition of the salt to the product brine, prior to packaging, instead of adding calcium during process. Cheese quality was monitored for 8 days by evaluating the spoilage and the development of the main sensory attributes. Results demonstrated a modest inhibition effect of CL on the microbial proliferation, whereas from a sensory point of view, a somewhat improvement in the odour and texture was recorded, thus suggesting CL as a valid alternative to calcium chloride.
The physicochemical properties of yoghurt supplemented with microencapsulated peanut sprout extract, a possible functional ingredient
Authors: Lee Yun‐Kyung , Al Mijan Mohammad , Ganesan Palanivel , Yoo Sanghun , Kwak Hae‐Soo 
Published: April 2013

This study was designed to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt supplemented with powdered peanut sprout extract microcapsules (PPSEM) (3–10 μm) during storage at 4 °C for 16 days. The releasing rates of the polyphenol, resveratrol, from yoghurts were minimised at lower concentrations of PPSEM (0.25 and 0.5%, w/v). The viscosity decreased gradually with higher concentrations of PPSEM added. In the sensory test, there were significant increases in yellowness, peanut and cooked scores (P < 0.05). Based on the results, it is concluded that the low concentrations (0.25 and 0.50%, w/v) could be used to produce PPSEM‐supplemented yoghurt without significant adverse effects on the physicochemical and functional properties.
Comparison of buffalo cottage cheese made from aqueous extract of Withania coagulans with commercial calf rennet
Authors: Khan Rao Sanaullah , Masud Tariq 
Published: April 2013

An aqueous extract of Withania coagulans was used to prepare cottage cheese from buffalo milk and its quality attributes were compared with cheese made from commercial rennet. Both cheeses contain satisfactory ranges of 49.6–54.7% moisture, 21.3–24.3% fat and 21.4–23.6% protein. The type of coagulant had no significant effect on acidity, protein and ash contents of both the cheeses. W. coagulans cheese showed a significantly (P < 0.05%) higher pH and moisture contents. Similarly, no marked differences were observed in their organoleptic evaluation, actual and theoretical yield. These results supported the fact that W. coagulans is a promising rennet substitute for cottage cheesemaking.
Dietary intakes of zinc and copper and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Shab‐Bidar Sakineh , Hosseini‐Esfahani Firoozeh , Mirmiran Parvin , Mehran Mahya , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the intakes of zinc and copper in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of Tehranian adults.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study was conducted on 2750 individuals, selected among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD risk factors were evaluated.ResultsAfter adjustment of possible confounders, the dietary zinc intake was found to have a negative relation with serum HDL‐C (β = −0.47, P = 0.027), triglycerides (TG) (β = −0.003, P = 0.032) and 2‐hour blood glucose (β = −1.6, P = 0.017) levels in women. Prevalence of MetS was not associated with dietary zinc intake when confounding factors were included in the statistical model. Comparing the highest versus the lowest intake categories of dietary copper, the multivariable adjusted odds ratios for HDL‐C, fasting blood glucose(FBG), TG and MetS were 1.75 (1.43–2.25)(P for trend = 0.003), 0.90 (0.76–1.23)(P for trend = 0.017), 0.11(0.08–0.21) (P for trend = 0.042) and 0.19 (0.15–0.38)(P for trend = 0.023), respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate gender differences in the association between zinc intake and CVD risk factors; in women, lower consumption of dietary zinc was associated with increased levels of serum TG and 2‐hour BG and decreased levels of HDL‐C, while Copper intake was negatively associated with higher risk of MetS and its components (FBG, HDL‐C and TG).