bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐in‐human trial of nanoelectroablation therapy for basal cell carcinoma: proof of method
Authors: Nuccitelli Richard , Wood Ryan , Kreis Mark , Athos Brian , Huynh Joanne , Lui Kaying , Nuccitelli Pamela , Epstein Ervin H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis nanoelectroablation therapy effectively treats subdermal murine allograft tumors, autochthonous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors in Ptch1+/‐K14‐Cre‐ER p53 fl/fl mice, and UV‐induced melanomas in C57/BL6 HGF/SF mice. Here, we described the first human trial of this modality. We treated 10 BCCs on three subjects with 100–1000 electric pulses 100 ns in duration, 30 kV/cm in amplitude, applied at 2 pulses per second. Seven of the 10 treated lesions were completely free of basaloid cells when biopsied and two partially regressed. Two of the 7 exhibited seborrheic keratosis in the absence of basaloid cells. One of the 10 treated lesions recurred by week 10 and histologically had the appearance of a squamous cell carcinoma. No scars were visible at the healed sites of any of the successfully ablated lesions. One hundred pulses were sufficient for complete ablation of BCCs with a single, 1‐min nanoelectroablation treatment.
Perceived Relationship Improvement From Premarital and Relationship Education
Authors: Kruenegel‐Farr Debbie , McEnturff Amber , Acker Jennifer , Jacobson Arminta , Kildare Cory , Hawkins Alan J. 
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this research was to analyze participants' perceptions of the impact of premarital and relationship education workshops offered across the state of Texas. Regional marriage coalition leaders conducted online and telephone interview surveys of 1,109 participants between 6 and 24 months after participating in the workshops. Research questions included whether participants perceived the workshops as helping to improve their relationship skills and quality, whether these evaluations differed by demographics, and how participant relationship status changed after the workshop. A large majority of participants reported their relationship skills had improved as a result of the workshop. Workshop impact scores generally did not differ by gender, age, cohabitation status, and socioeconomic status. However, Hispanic participants reported somewhat higher workshop impact scores.
Resistance of the size structure of the fish community to ecological perturbations in a large river ecosystem
Authors: Murry Brent A. , Farrell John M. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Frequency distributions of log‐scaled abundance and body size for aquatic biota, including fish, yield size spectra that provide gross estimates of food‐web capacity (number of individuals supported by the food web indexed by the midpoint height or y‐intercept) and ecological efficiency (rate of decreasing organismal abundance with increasing body size as indicated by the size‐spectra slope).

Size spectra are known to respond in predictable fashion to exploitation by commercial (marine) fisheries, but there has been relatively little research of size spectra in freshwater systems and less evaluation of how community size‐structure responds to the wider array of ecological perturbations prevalent in freshwater systems.

We used a 29‐year experimental gillnet data set to test the responses of food‐web capacity and ecological efficiency (as indexed by size spectra) of a large river fish community to variations in predatory demand (population expansion of double‐crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus) and perturbations affecting primary production (reductions in total phosphorus and warming summer water temperature).

Fish community capacity (size‐spectra elevation) and ecological efficiency (size‐spectra slope) showed low interannual variation (coefficients of variation 5.6 and 15.4%, respectively). Though highly stable, food‐web capacity decreased over time concurrent with declining total phosphorus concentrations and increasing cormorant abundance. Interannual variation in ecological efficiency was not related to the measured perturbations.

Relative abundance of the core species that comprised 95% of the community remained relatively consistent over time. The fish community size‐structure was also stable and resistant to ecological perturbation. However, we found measurable changes in the composition of secondary species, and these were associated with an increase in cormorant abundance and decrease in total phosphorus. The lack of change in core community species representation and in overall size structure suggest community‐level compensatory mechanisms were operating.
Putative domal microbial structures in fluvial siliciclastic facies of the Mesoproterozoic (1.09 Ga) Copper Harbor Conglomerate, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA
Authors: Wilmeth Dylan T. , Dornbos Stephen Q. , Isbell John L. , Czaja Andrew D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Copper Harbor Conglomerate is a Mesoproterozoic (1.09 Ga) freshwater sedimentary sequence that outcrops in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The formation was deposited during infilling of the failed Midcontinent Rift and contains fluvial, lacustrine, and alluvial fan facies. This study describes and analyzes the formation of small domal structures preserved in fluvial sandstone facies within the lower portion of the formation. These domal structures range from millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and height, and are preserved in convex epirelief on fine‐grained sandstone beds. The structures have a pustulose texture and a patchy distribution on bedding planes. Slabs containing the structures were collected in the field and analyzed in the laboratory through inspection of cut slabs, petrographic thin sections, X‐radiographs, and RAMAN spectroscopy. Results of these analyses reveal that the domal structures often contain weak, wavy horizontal bedding and laminae, and lack any vertical structures. These results support a biogenic origin of the domal structures instead of through abiogenic processes such as loading, sand volcanoes, or adhesion warts. These structures are akin to what were traditionally labeled as ‘sand stromatolites’, but are now known as ‘domal sand structures’. Along with previous descriptions of carbonate stromatolites, organic‐rich paleosols, and microbial sand structures, our findings provide further evidence that mat‐forming microbial communities thrived in the late Mesoproterozoic freshwater systems of the Midcontinent Rift.
Translation and validation of Hindi version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index
Authors: Mathur Vijay Prakash , Jain Veena , Pillai Rajath Sasidharan , Kalra Sandeep 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to translate and validate the oral health‐related quality of life assessment tool named Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) into Hindi language for use in the Indian population.MethodologyThe 12‐item GOHAI questionnaire was translated into Hindi, back‐translated and compared with the original English version. After pilot testing and appropriate changes, the Hindi version was administered to a group of 500 patients visiting the geriatric medicine clinic in All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The questionnaire was re‐administered to 29 participants after a gap of minimum 7 days. The measures for reliability and validity were also assessed.ResultsCronbach's α score (0.79) showed excellent internal consistency. Item‐scale correlations varied from 0.06 to 0.75. Test–retest correlation on the 29 patients showed excellent results (ranging from 0.748 to 0.946). Lower GOHAI scores were associated with patient's self‐perception of nutritional status, perceptive need for prosthesis, number of posterior occluding pair of teeth. Higher GOHAI scores were seen with patients with removable prosthesis than with edentulous or partially edentulous participants. Age group was also found to be a significant factor for GOHAI scores.ConclusionThe Hindi version of GOHAI exhibits acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in the elderly Indian population as a measure of oral health‐related quality of life.
Effect of cutting height on the chemical composition, nutritional value and yield, fermentative quality and aerobic stability of corn silage and relationship with plant maturity at harvest
Authors: Aoki Yasuhiro , Oshita Tomoko , Namekawa Hiroaki , Nemoto Eiko , Aoki Mari 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of cutting height at harvest on the nutritional and fermentative properties and yield per unit area of corn (Zea mays L.) silage in relation to the maturity of the corn plants at the time of harvest. Corn forage at the early or late dent stage was harvested at normal (30 cm) or high (78 cm) heights. After the yield of fresh matter and dry matter per ha was recorded, whole‐crop corn silage was prepared. After 60 days of the ensiling, the samples were collected to examine the chemical composition, whole‐tract digestibility, fermentative quality and aerobic stability. Whole‐tract digestibility was determined by total fecal collections using wether sheep, and total digestible nutrition (TDN) was calculated. The yield per ha was also expressed on a TDN basis. We found that silage from corn harvested at the high cutting height contained significantly less neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin. There was a significant interaction between cutting height and maturity for starch content; it increased for the high cutting height only in silage from corn harvested at the early dent stage, but did not exceed those levels in corn harvested later. The nitrate‐nitrogen content was significantly lower in corn silage harvested at high cutting height. Cutting at a higher level increased NDF and ADF digestibility and it could cause the significantly higher TDN content. The loss of nutritional yield per unit area due to high cutting was much less when corn forage was harvested at a later stage. No adverse effect on fermentative quality and aerobic stability was observed due to high cutting. These results suggest that high cutting of corn plants at the late dent stage is useful for silage preparation.
Overexpression of FOXC1 correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Xu Yuan , Shao Qin‐shu , Yao Hai‐bo , Jin Yi , Ma Ying‐yu , Jia Li‐hua 
Published: December 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine FOXC1 expression in gastric tissues, and the clinical significance of FOXC1 in the development, progression and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC).Methods and resultsWe screened GCs for the expression of FOXC1 using the Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 Gene Chip Array, and found that expression was significantly higher in GC tissues than in controls. Furthermore, we validated the expression levels of FOXC1 using real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), and of FOXC1 using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our study showed that expression levels of FOXC1 mRNA and FOXC1 in GC tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding non‐tumour tissues. High FOXC1 expression correlated with the degree of histological differentiation (P < 0.01), TNM stage (P < 0.001), invasive depth (P < 0.05), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and distant metastasis (P < 0.01). Survival analysis revealed that patients with high FOXC1 expression had shorter overall survival than those with low expression (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that high FOXC1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for GC patients (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOverexpression of FOXC1 may play a key role in the progression of GC, and FOXC1 expression may serve as a useful marker for predicting the outcome of patients with GC.
Ovarian carcinoma histotype determination is highly reproducible, and is improved through the use of immunohistochemistry
Authors: Köbel Martin , Bak Julia , Bertelsen Björn I , Carpen Olli , Grove Anni , Hansen Estrid S , Levin Jakobsen Anne‐Marie , Lidang Marianne , Måsbäck Anna , Tolf Anna , Gilks C Blake , Carlson Joseph W 
Published: December 2013

AimsTo assess the variation in ovarian carcinoma type diagnosis among gynaecological pathologists from Nordic countries, and whether a rationally designed panel of immunohistochemical markers could improve diagnostic reproducibility.Methods and resultsEight pathologists from four countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland) received an educational lecture on the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma type. All tumour‐containing slides from 54 ovarian carcinoma cases were independently reviewed by the participants, who: (i) determined type purely on the basis of histology; (ii) indicated whether they would apply immunohistochemistry in their routine practice; and (iii) determined type after reviewing the staining results. The results for six markers (WT1, p53, p16, HNF‐1β, ARID1A, and progesterone receptor) were determined for all 54 cases, by staining of a tissue microarray. The median concordance with central review diagnosis was 86%, and significantly improved to 90% with the incorporation of immunostaining results (P = 0.0002). The median interobserver agreement was 78%, and significantly improved to 85% with the incorporation of immunostaining results (P = 0.0002).ConclusionsUse of the immunostaining results significantly improved both diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement. These results indicate that ovarian carcinoma type can be reliably diagnosed by pathologists from different countries, and also demonstrate that immunohistochemistry has an important role in improving diagnostic accuracy and agreement between pathologists.
A Biocompatible Low Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic Substrate for Biosensors
Authors: Luo Jin , Eitel Richard E. 
Published: December 2013

Low temperature co‐fired ceramics (LTCC) are widely utilized in the fabrication of compact, three dimensional, and highly integrated microelectronic components. Typical applications include military and mobile electronics applications requiring custom, hermetic, and/or high reliability packaging. These characteristics make LTCC attractive for use in microfluidic and biomedical application. However, commercial LTCC systems are not designed for biomedical applications and have unknown cytocompatibility. In the current work, an LTCC tape has been developed starting with materials of known composition and biocompatibility, a commercially available lime silicate glass and alumina. Tapes achieve high density for sintering temperatures compatible with LTCC processing (850 < T < 1000°C). The LTCC also exhibits low dielectric constant (K = 9.3) and dielectric loss (tan d < 0.005). A commercial gold electrode paste has also been co‐fired with the LTCC, with no delamination, cracks nor camber observed. In vitro biocompatibility was subsequently evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs are observed to attach and spread on fibronectin‐coated LTCC substrates, and also in the leachate obtained by soaking LTCC in cell medium for 7 days. These results establish that the developed LTCC material is biocompatible and suitable for in vitro applications utilizing live cells.
Monitoring colour, volatiles in the headspace and enzyme activity to assess the quality of broccoli florets (Brassica oleracea L. italica cv. Bellstar and Legacy) during postharvest storage
Authors: Raseetha Siva , Oey Indrawati , Burritt David , Hamid Nazimah 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe research objective was to study whether volatile organic compounds released in the headspace could be used to assess the broccoli quality (Brassica oleracea L. italica cv. Bellstar and Legacy) during postharvest storage (23 °C for 7 days) and correlated with colour change and the activity of peroxidase/POD, ascorbic acid oxidase/AAO and lipoxygenase/LOX. Volatile organic compounds were monitored using PTR‐MS. Methanol had the highest concentration compared with other volatiles released in the headspace that significantly increased during senescence. The methanol concentration was approximately 500 ppbv before the broccoli colour began to change from green to yellow. The concentration of methanol in the headspace increased to 1000–1100 ppbv for Bellstar and Legacy when the colour became yellowish. LOX had high correlation (0.91 and 0.83 for Bellstar and Legacy, respectively) with volatiles for both cultivars, but not for POD. Methanol production is proposed as the best volatile marker to assess the broccoli quality.
Comparison between thromboelastography and conventional coagulation tests after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in the paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Pekelharing J. , Furck A. , Banya W. , Macrae D. , Davidson S. J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIntroductionFollowing paediatric cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), there is a risk of significant postoperative bleeding. A number of risk factors are associated with postoperative bleeding including; age, complexity of the surgery, dilution and consumption of clotting factors. We conducted a prospective audit comparing different coagulation tests used following paediatric CPB to determine whether thromboelastography (TEG) on the intensive care unit or routine laboratory coagulation assays including fibrinogen are better at assessing bleeding and bleeding risk.MethodsTests on arrival in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) included the following: fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, full blood count and TEG. Bleeding was measured in the first 1–4 h via chest drain loss. Bleeding was considered significant if ≥5 ml/kg/h.ResultsOf 107 patients admitted to PICU, 23/107 were considered to be bleeding during the first hour. Fibrinogen concentration had the best correlation with the amount of first‐hour blood loss (rs = 0.52), followed by APTT (rs = 0.44) and TEG MA (rs = 0.34). TEG parameter TEG MA correlated with platelet count (rs = 0.68) and fibrinogen (rs = 0.66).ConclusionsThromboelastography did not show better correlation with postoperative bleeding than conventional clotting tests. TEG parameter maximum amplitude correlates with platelet count and fibrinogen.
An analysis of the small RNA transcriptome of four developmental stages of the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri)
Authors: Liu B. , Dou W. , Ding T‐B. , Zhong R. , Liao C‐Y. , Xia W‐K. , Wang J‐J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) can feed on more than 112 plant species around the world. Endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) have proved to be important components of gene regulation in many eukaryotes. Recently, many sRNAs have been shown to be involved in various biological processes, such as development in many animals, including insects; however, to date, no sRNAs have been reported in the citrus red mite. Using Illumina sequencing, several categories of sRNAs were identified, including 594 known microRNAs (miRNAs) grouped into 206 families and 31 novel miRNAs in the four developmental stages of citrus red mite. In addition, according to bioinformatics analysis and S‐Poly(T) miRNA assays, the expression level of many miRNAs varied among the developmental stages. Furthermore, the prediction of miRNAs target genes and their functional annotation indicated that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple pathways in the citrus red mite. As the first report of the sRNA world in citrus red mite, the present study furthers our understanding of the roles played by sRNAs in the development of citrus red mite and the data may help to develop methods of controlling the pests in the field.
Strengthening of Thermoelectric Performance via Ir Doping in Layered Ca3Co4O9 System
Authors: Huang Yanan , Zhao Bangchuan , Lin Shuai , Ang Ran , Song Wenhai , Sun Yuping 
Published: December 2013

The effects of Ir doping on thermoelectric (TE) as well as transport and magnetic properties of Ca3Co4−xIrxO9 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) series samples have been investigated systematically. Based on the analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, the valence state of the doped Ir ions is suggested to be +4. As Ir ions are doped into system, both the resistivity and the metal‐insulator transition temperature increase till to x = 0.3, indicating the more stable spin‐density‐wave state in these Ir‐doped samples. The thermopower increases monotonously with increasing x. For x = 0.4 sample, its room‐temperature thermopower S300K reaches 166.2 μV/K, which is 36% larger than that of the undoped sample. The results show that a proper Ir doping may be an effective route to strengthen the TE performance of Ca3Co4O9 system, which is suggested to originate from the variations of carrier concentration and lattice disharmony induced by Ir doping. At the same time, Ir doping suppresses the low‐temperature ferrimagnetic state and also introduces a spin‐glass behavior at low temperatures.
Near‐Infrared Quantum Cutting via Downconversion Energy Transfers in Ho3+/Yb3+ Codoped Tellurite Glass Ceramics
Authors: Zhou Xianju , Wang Yongjie , Zhao Xiaoqi , Li Li , Wang Zhongqing , Li Qingxu 
Published: December 2013

The different concentration of Ho3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite glasses were prepared by high‐temperature melting‐quenching method. On excitation of Ho3+ ions with blue photon at 449 nm as well as ultraviolet (UV) photon at 360 nm, the near infrared emission at 977 nm from Yb3+ and 981, 1020 nm from Ho3+, which could be absorbed by silicon and enhance the efficiency of the silicon‐based solar cell, were observed. The energy‐transfer process of Ho3+ and Yb3+ ions and involved mechanism have been investigated and discussed. The first‐order energy transfer (ET) through cross relaxation and a back ET from Yb3+ to Ho3+ occurred in the near‐infrared quantum cutting (NIR QC) system are proposed and verified. The NIR quantum efficiency achieved 166% when Yb3+ doping concentration is 20 mol%.
A Resurgence in Field Research is Essential to Better Understand the Diversity, Ecology, and Evolution of Microbial Eukaryotes
Authors: Heger Thierry J. , Edgcomb Virginia P. , Kim Eunsoo , Lukeš Julius , Leander Brian S. , Yubuki Naoji 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe discovery and characterization of protist communities from diverse environments are crucial for understanding the overall evolutionary history of life on earth. However, major questions about the diversity, ecology, and evolutionary history of protists remain unanswered, notably because data obtained from natural protist communities, especially of heterotrophic species, remain limited. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with “field protistology”, defined here as the exploration, characterization, and interpretation of microbial eukaryotic diversity within the context of natural environments or field experiments, and provide suggestions to help fill this important gap in knowledge. We also argue that increased efforts in field studies that combine molecular and microscopical methods offer the most promising path toward (1) the discovery of new lineages that expand the tree of eukaryotes; (2) the recognition of novel evolutionary patterns and processes; (3) the untangling of ecological interactions and functions, and their roles in larger ecosystem processes; and (4) the evaluation of protist adaptations to a changing climate.
UNDERWRITERS AND THE BROKEN CHINESE WALL: INSTITUTIONAL HOLDINGS AND POST‐IPO SECURITIES LITIGATION
Authors: Barabanov Sergey S. , Ozocak Onem , Pukthuanthong Kuntara , Walker Thomas J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe examine whether underwriters have an information advantage over other institutional investors in new public companies. Focusing on firms targeted by IPO‐related class action litigation and a matched sample of nonsued firms, we find evidence suggesting that lead underwriters retain an information advantage in the firms they take public and that they capitalize on this information by closing out or reducing their holdings in sued firms prior to the eventual litigation date. An examination of analyst opinions suggests that analysts affiliated with lead underwriters are reluctant to reduce their earnings forecasts or downgrade sued firms before the litigation date.