bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Physical Fitness in Junior High School Students
Authors: Bohr Adam D. , Brown Dale D. , Laurson Kelly R. , Smith Peter J. K. , Bass Ronald W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch on physical fitness often regards socioeconomic status (SES) as a confounding factor. However, few studies investigate the impact of SES on fitness. This study investigated the impact of SES on physical fitness in both males and females, with an economic‐based construct of SES.METHODSThe sample consisted of 954 6th, 7th, and 8th graders from a public, urban, Illinois middle school. The students participated in the FITNESSGRAM battery of fitness assessments as part of physical education. Descriptive statistics were calculated for height, weight, age, and sex. Students were grouped as high or low SES depending on whether they qualified for the federal free lunch program. A multivariate analysis of variance controlled for age and stratified by sex compared the raw scores from the fitness test for low and high SES students. Odds ratios stratified by sex were calculated for the likelihood of not achieving the FITNESSGRAM Healthy Fitness Zone standards among SES groups.RESULTSGirls of the low SES group had significantly lower scores on the FITNESSGRAM assessments and were significantly less likely to achieve Healthy Fitness Zone status than the girls from the high SES groups. For boys, SES was a significant main effect for body composition but not for the other fitness tests conducted.CONCLUSIONSES is related to physical fitness in girls but not in boys. A potential explanation for this is that boys are more likely to engage in vigorous leisure time activity regardless of SES than girls.
Academic Attainment Findings in Children With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Epping Amanda S. , Myrvik Matthew P. , Newby Robert F. , Panepinto Julie A. , Brandow Amanda M. , Scott J. Paul 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) demonstrate deficits in cognitive and academic functioning. This study compared the academic attainment of children with SCD relative to national, state, and local school district rates for African American students.METHODSA retrospective chart review of children with SCD was completed and academic information was collected from caregiver report and school records. One‐sample tests of proportions were calculated to compare academic attainment rates in children with SCD relative to national, state, and local school district normative data of African American students.RESULTSOverall, 197 patient records were reviewed. A higher proportion of children with SCD were retained a grade relative to national, state, and local school district rates for African American students. In addition, a higher proportion of children with SCD received special education services relative to the national, state, and local school district rates for African American students.CONCLUSIONChildren with SCD demonstrate higher rates of special education services and grade retention relative to African American peers. Overall, children with SCD demonstrate poorer academic attainment relative to healthy, African American peers highlighting the need for increased focus on special education services to address school performance issues within this population.
Help‐Seeking in the School Context: Understanding Chinese American Adolescents' Underutilization of School Health Services
Authors: Anyon Yolanda , Whitaker Kelly , Shields John P. , Franks Heather 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis article examines whether school contextual factors, such as referral practices and peer dynamics, contribute to Chinese American students' underrepresentation in school health programs.METHODSData from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 1,744) as well as interviews and focus groups (N = 51) with Chinese American users and nonusers of high school health programs were analyzed to identify aspects of the help‐seeking process unique to Chinese American students.RESULTSChinese American students primarily defined the need for school health services as having personal problems, engaging in early sexual activity, or using drugs. For the most part, they did not recognize their own health or psychosocial concerns as falling in these categories. Teacher referrals and peer dynamics were also salient factors in students' decisions to seek help from school health programs. Relationships with providers in strengths‐based prevention programs improved their utilization of individual therapy and reproductive health services.CONCLUSIONSTo increase Chinese American students' access of needed services, the organizational systems and social contexts of school health programs (in addition to the practices of individual clinicians) must be responsive to the needs and preferences of these ethnic minority youth.
The Association of Screen Time, Television in the Bedroom, and Obesity Among School‐Aged Youth: 2007 National Survey of Children's Health
Authors: Wethington Holly , Pan Liping , Sherry Bettylou 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAmong school‐aged youth, we sought to identify characteristics associated with (1) exceeding screen time recommendations (ie, television/videos/video games more than 2 hours/weekday), and (2) exceeding screen time recommendations, the presence of a television in the bedroom, and obesity.METHODSUsing 2007 National Survey of Children's Health data, we used multivariable logistic regression to identify sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics associated with excessive screen time among 6 to 11‐ and 12 to 17‐year‐olds on a typical weekday. For 12 to 17‐year‐olds only, we used logistic regression to examine the odds of obesity using the same variables as above, with the addition of screen time.RESULTSOverall, 20.8% of 6 to 11‐year‐olds and 26.1% of 12 to 17‐year‐olds had excessive screen time. For both age groups, having a bedroom TV was significantly associated with excessive screen time. For the older age group, the dual scenario of excessive screen time with a bedroom TV had the strongest association with obesity (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.9, 3.2).CONCLUSIONSGiven the similar risk factors for excess screen time and having a TV in the bedroom, a public health challenge exists to design interventions to reduce screen time among school‐aged youth.
Management of children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 in Australia
Authors: Tassie Benjamin , Isaacs David , Kilham Henry , Kerridge Ian 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe study aims to: (i) estimate the prevalence of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA 1); (ii) describe what practices characterise end‐of‐life care of patients with SMA 1; and (iii) ascertain whether a consistent approach to the management of these patients exists in Australia.MethodsAn audit of the Australasian pathology laboratories offering the diagnostic SMN1 deletion test was conducted for patients diagnosed with SMA in Australia for 2010 and 2011. In addition, a retrospective clinical audit was conducted in eight major Australian paediatric hospitals of the end‐of‐life care provided to children with confirmed SMA 1 from 2005 to 2010.ResultsThirty‐five children were included in the clinical audit, accounting for an estimated 61% of children diagnosed with SMA 1 from 2005 to 2010. Twenty‐six per cent were ventilated invasively, only two of whom were intubated after the diagnosis was confirmed. No children were ventilated long term (>90 days) or had a tracheostomy performed. Nasogastric tube feeding was a common measure to support adequate nutritional intake. Total parenteral nutrition, gastrostomy and fundoplication were not provided for any children. Conflict over end‐of‐life care decisions was documented in one instance, without the involvement of a guardianship tribunal.ConclusionThere appears to be a consistent approach in the management of children with SMA 1 in Australia, which can be characterised as ‘actively managed dying’. This study could contribute to the development of Australian consensus guidelines for the management of these children. These results also highlight a number of ethical issues related to the management of children with SMA 1.
Current Status of Cereal Root Diseases in Western Australia Under Intensive Cereal Production and Their Comparison with the Historical Survey Conducted During 1976–1982
Authors: Khangura Ravjit K. , MacNish Gordon C. , MacLeod William J. , Vanstone Vivien A. , Hanbury Colin D. , Loughman Robert , Speijers Jane E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo separate surveys of root diseases of cereals in the Western Australian (WA) cereal belt were conducted: the first conducted annually for wheat and barley during 1976–1982 and the second for wheat during 2005–2007. For the 1976–1982 survey, the cereal belt was divided into 15 zones based on the location and rainfall. Sampling was representative of the actual cropping area, with both wheat and barley sampling sites selected by zone as a percentage of total sites. Over 31 000 plants were assessed from a total of 996 fields. Average take‐all incidence ranged from 3% in the northern low rainfall zone to 57% in the southern high rainfall zone. Other root diseases assessed included rhizoctonia root rot, fusarium crown rot and subcrown internode discolouration. During the 2005–2007 survey, around 20 000 plants from a total of 210 fields being intensively cropped with cereals were surveyed for take‐all, rhizoctonia root rot, fusarium crown rot, common root rot, root lesion nematode and cereal cyst nematode. The 2005–2007 survey results indicated that root and crown diseases prevailed in paddocks frequently cropped with cereals and occurred at damaging levels across all WA cropping districts surveyed. The more recent root disease survey identified that the fungal diseases rhizoctonia root rot and fusarium crown rot and the root lesion nematode were the most serious impediments to intensive cereal production, particularly in the southern region of WA. Comparing the 2005–2007 results with the previous survey of 1976–1982, the relative importance of take‐all appears to have declined over the past 30 years.
Identification of Genes for Resistance to Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Breeding Lines Using Conventional and Molecular Methods
Authors: Pasev Gancho , Kostova Dimitrina , Sofkova Svetla 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) are among the biggest threats for snap bean production in Bulgaria due to their seed, aphid and mechanical transmission. Old valuable Bulgarian snap bean varieties are being neglected, because of the high percentage of virus‐infected seeds. Breeding resistant cultivars is the best way to solve the problem. The genetic control towards both viruses is assured by one dominant I gene and a number of recessive (bc‐u, bc‐1, bc‐12, bc‐2, bc‐22 and bc‐3) genes. Our aim was to identify resistance gene combinations in advanced F8 breeding lines, derived from two crosses (A‐8‐40‐7‐2‐1 × IVT 7214) and (Zaria × RH 26D), by the application of conventional and molecular approaches. Four methods were applied for the characterization of their resistance gene makeup: (i) leaf‐abscission infection test designed to identify I gene by direct inoculation with NL3 strain of BCMNV; (ii) intact‐plant infection test with strain NY15 of BCMV to separate immune genotypes, possessing bc‐ubc‐12, bc‐ubc‐22,bc‐ubc‐2bc‐3, I, Ibc‐12, Ibc‐22 or Ibc‐3; (iii) PCR analysis with the following markers: SCAR – SW13 (for I gene), SBD5 (for bc‐12), ROC11 (for bc‐3) and CAPS – eIFE4 (for bc‐3); and 4) high‐temperature (more than 30°C) infection test with NL3 of BCMNV to provoke systemic necrosis in I, Ibc‐1, Ibc‐12, Ibc‐12bc‐22 or Ibc‐3. The four methods applied worked properly and complemented each other. Valuable gene combination (Ibc‐3) was established in seven breeding lines with immune reaction to BCMNV. They will be included in the snap bean breeding programme for virus resistance.
Microarray analysis of genes differentially expressed in melatonin‐rich transgenic rice expressing a sheep serotonin N‐acetyltransferase
Authors: Byeon Yeong , Park Sangkyu , Kim Young Soon , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTransgenic rice plants overexpressing a sheep serotonin N‐acetyltransferase led to an enhanced production of melatonin with various physiological effects, including seminal root elongation and resistance against cold and oxidative stress, which raises the possibility that melatonin may alter gene expression profiles in the transgenic rice. Therefore, we performed a microarray analysis to investigate the regulatory role of melatonin using the melatonin‐rich transgenic rice. We identified 260 and 204 genes that were up‐ or downregulated in the melatonin‐rich transgenic rice when compared with the wild type. Of these, 20 upregulated genes were identified in the seedlings of melatonin‐rich rice at more than twice the levels in the wild type (P < 0.05), while 23 downregulated genes were also detected. The representative upregulated genes included caleosin, a Ca2+‐binding oil‐body surface protein involved in the degradation of lipids stored in oil bodies and various signaling proteins such as a cyclin F‐box protein and leucine‐rich repeat protein. In contrast, jasmonate‐induced protein, senescence‐associated protein, and polygalacturonase were included in the downregulated gene group. These results suggest that melatonin has an important role in modulating a wide range of gene expression, reflecting its pleiotropic physiological roles in plant growth and development.
Melatonin attenuates methamphetamine‐induced disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics and degeneration in neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Parameyong Arisa , Charngkaew Komgrid , Govitrapong Piyarat , Chetsawang Banthit 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMethamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that can cause toxicity and degeneration in the brain. The toxicity due to METH involves multiple pathways, including the mitochondrial‐dependent death pathway. Several pieces of evidence have emphasized that the fragmentation of mitochondria into smaller structures plays some role in the cell‐death process. In this study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in METH‐induced toxicity in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cultured cell lines. In addition, the protective effect of melatonin against METH‐induced toxicity was investigated. Our results show that METH significantly decreased cell viability and increased the levels of the mitochondrial fission protein, Fis1 and the Drp1 oligomer. However, the levels of the mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1 and Mfn1 did not change in METH‐treated cells. Melatonin can reverse the toxic effects of the METH‐induced reduction in cell viability and the production of the Fis1 protein and the Drp1 oligomer. Moreover, the morphological alteration of mitochondria was investigated in METH‐treated cells in the presence of melatonin using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At 24 hr after METH exposure, typical cell shrinkage was observed in SH‐SY5Y cells. Mitochondria were fragmented into small globular structures in a large proportion of METH‐treated cells, but tubular networks of mitochondria were present in large proportions of control‐untreated cells and METH‐treated cells in the presence of melatonin. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of melatonin to reduce cell death and restore mitochondrial function in neurons affected by METH‐induced toxicity.
Comparing self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviours between outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes and outpatients with only type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen S‐R. , Chien Y‐P. , Kang C‐M. , Jeng C. , Chang W‐Y. 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary
Self‐efficacy is known as an effective model used to predict the self‐care ability and self‐care outcomes of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.
This descriptive comparative design study compared differences in scores of self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviours between outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes and outpatients with only type 2 diabetes.
The study revealed that outpatients with coexisting schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes scored significantly lower on self‐efficacy and self‐care measures compared with outpatients affected only by type 2 diabetes; thus, a self‐efficacy education programme must be developed to assist them in successfully managing their dual illnesses.
Self‐efficacy, the haemoglobin A1C level and cigarette smoking were significant predictors of self‐care behaviours in outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes; therefore, these outcome variables should be monitored regularly in outpatient settings.
AbstractPeople with schizophrenia show higher‐than‐normal rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, research on their understanding of diabetes self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviours is lacking. This study compared differences in scores of self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviours between outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and T2DM and outpatients with T2DM alone. Data were collected using the Diabetes Management Self‐Efficacy Scale and Summary of Diabetes Self‐Care Activity questionnaire. In total, 105 outpatients with schizophrenia and T2DM and 106 outpatients with T2DM returned completed questionnaires. Results of this study revealed that outpatients with schizophrenia and T2DM had significantly lower total self‐efficacy and self‐care scores than outpatients with only T2DM. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that self‐efficacy, the haemoglobin A1C level and current smoking were significant predictors of self‐care behaviours in outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and T2DM, which explained 33.20% of the variance. These findings help mental health professionals improve patient care through a better understanding of self‐care behaviours among outpatients with comorbid schizophrenia and T2DM.
Patterns of sleep quality during and after postacute rehabilitation in older adults: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Martin Jennifer L. , Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Mitchell Michael , Fung Constance H. , Jouldjian Stella , Alessi Cathy A. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySleep quality is related to emotional, physical, psychological and cognitive functioning and functional independence in later life. After acute health events, older adults are likely to utilize postacute rehabilitation services to improve functioning and facilitate return to independent living. Patterns of how sleep changes with postacute rehabilitation, and predictors of such patterns, are unknown. The current investigation employed latent class analysis (LCA) methods to classify older adults (n = 233) into groups based on patterns of self‐reported sleep quality pre‐illness, during postacute rehabilitation and up to 1 year following postacute rehabilitation. Using LCA, older adults were grouped into (1) consistently good sleepers (46%), (2) good sleepers who transitioned into poor sleepers (34%), (3) consistently poor sleepers (14%) and (4) poor sleepers who transitioned into good sleepers (6%). In three planned analyses, pain was an independent predictor of membership in classes 1 or 2 (good pre‐illness sleep quality) versus classes 3 or 4 (poor pre‐illness sleep quality), and of membership in class 1 (consistently good sleep) versus class 2 (good sleep that transitioned to poor sleep). A lower Mini‐Mental State Examination score was a predictor of membership in class 1 versus class 2. There were no statistically significant predictors of membership in class 3 versus class 4. Demographics, comorbidities and depressive symptoms were not significant predictors of class membership. These findings have implications for identification of older adults at risk for developing poor sleep associated with changes in health and postacute rehabilitation. The findings also suggest that pain symptoms should be targeted to improve sleep during postacute rehabilitation.
Clinical usefulness of double biomarkers AFP and PIVKA‐II for subdividing prognostic groups in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Park Hana , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Young , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Chon Chae Yoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Seong Jinsil 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsIn this study, we investigated the clinical usefulness of AFP and PIVKA‐II in subdividing prognostic groups in patients with locally advanced HCC treated locally.MethodsPatients who had undergone local treatment for locally advanced HCC between 2001 and 2006 were enrolled. Response to treatment was defined as a reduction in AFP or PIVKA‐II by more than 50% from baseline levels at 1 month after the treatment completion. Patients were divided according to their AFP and PIVKA‐II response: A↓P↓ [AFP response (+) and PIVKA‐II response (+)]; A↓P↑ [AFP response (+) and PIVKA‐II response (−)]; A↑P↓ [AFP response (−) and PIVKA‐II response (+)]; A↑P↑ [AFP response (−) and PIVKA‐II response (−)]. Clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared between groups.ResultsPatients were subdivided into four groups by the change in the level of the biomarkers AFP and PIVKA‐II, and the survival outcomes of each group were distinct. Among patients with an AFP response, further subdivision by PIVKA‐II response revealed that those in the A↓P↓ group had a longer median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with those in the A↓P↑ group (PFS: 16.2 vs. 5.1 months, P = 0.009; OS: 26.3 vs. 7.3 months, P = 0.017). Combination of AFP and PIVKA‐II response showed a predictive power for PFS and OS comparable to radiological criteria and better than AFP response alone.ConclusionsIn patients with locally advanced HCC, the use of a combination of two biomarkers, AFP and PIVKA‐II, appears useful in predicting treatment outcomes through the subdivision of prognostic groups.
Environmental factors contributing to the development of brown muscle disease and perkinsosis in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and trematodiasis in cockles (Cerastoderma edule) of Arcachon Bay
Authors: Binias Cindy , Tu Do Van , Jude‐Lemeilleur Florence , Plus Martin , Froidefond Jean‐Marie , de Montaudouin Xavier 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify environmental factors that could explain the distribution of different pathologies of commercially exploited intertidal bivalves in an Atlantic lagoon, Arcachon Bay. In particular, the role of the salinity gradient as a driver was explored. The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum experienced two severe pathologies, perkinsosis, which is due to a protozoan parasite, and brown muscle disease (BMD), the etiological agent of which remains unknown. Perkinsus olseni infection was very low in a small low‐salinity area but, at the scale of the entire lagoon, was more influenced by organic matter content in the sediment and by emersion time. BMD prevalence was also 2.6 times higher in the higher organic content area but was also negatively correlated with salinity. The sympatric cockle (Cerastoderma edule) was affected by eight trematode species. These parasites have a complex life cycle that generally involves three free‐living host species. The distribution of the different trematode communities was rather patchy within Arcachon Bay with no clear relationship with measured environmental factors. The dominance of particular trematode species could be due to the presence of other hosts involved in their life cycle, making it more difficult to detect a major environmental driver. This survey demonstrated that salinity is not a major factor explaining disease distribution in this temperate lagoon. This result has consequences for the research of ‘refuge areas’ (free of diseases) or ‘hot spots’ (heavy infection) for species of high economic value.