bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterobius vermicularis: Can it be a possible pathogen in Bartholin gland abscess formation?
Authors: Dönmez Melahat Emine , Özlü Tülay , Yılmaz Fahri , Ayaz Erol 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe most frequent disorders of the Bartholin glands are cysts or abscesses. Bartholin gland abscesses occur generally as a result of polymicrobial infections or agents that cause sexually transmitted diseases. But as far as we know, no parasite has been previously reported among the infectious agents that are detected from the abscesses of the Bartholin gland. Here, we report a 45‐year‐old woman, in the Bartholin abscess aspirate of whom Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected in between the inflammatory infiltrate by cytological examination.
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in the ewe: A model for experimental gynecologic research
Authors: Gauthier Tristan , Marquet Pierre , Kanoun Dorra , Maubon Antoine , Piver Pascal , Couquet Claude , Aubard Yves 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimOur goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the ewe.Material and MethodsTwo ewes underwent a pelvic 3 Tesla MRI scan, under light anesthesia, with T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo images and T1‐weighted spoiled gradient‐echo images. Multiplan T1 weighted images were also obtained after the intravenous injection of a contrast product. One ewe was anestrous and the other one had undergone ovarian stimulation.ResultsNo incident occurred during the examination. Both the uterus (with two horns) and the ovaries were identified. The intensity of the endometrial, myometrial and ovarian signals was similar to that encountered in women. The uterus and ovaries could be enhanced in both cases. Pelvic vasculature was also studied. In the case of hormonal stimulation, the endometrium was thicker, follicular growth was identified and enhancement seemed greater.ConclusionMRI in the ewe is feasible and could be helpful in experimental gynecologic research, especially in uterus transplantation.
Two nursing mothers treated with zonisamide: Should breast‐feeding be avoided?
Authors: Ando Hitoshi , Matsubara Shigeki , Oi Asako , Usui Rie , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Fujimura Akio 
Published: September 2013

AbstractZonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, is excreted into breast milk, but information regarding the safety of breast‐feeding while using this drug is limited. We present the cases of two nursing mothers, taking 300 and 100 mg/day zonisamide. At 5 days after delivery, the milk concentrations and relative infant doses of the drug were 18.0 and 5.1 μg/mL, and 44 and 36%, respectively. In the first case, the mother fed colostrum and continued partial breast‐feeding thus reducing the relative infant dose to 8%. The neonatal serum concentration of zonisamide declined to below the limit of detection at day 34 after birth. In the second case, the mother breast‐fed partially until 2 weeks postpartum. No adverse effect was observed in the infants. These findings suggest that mothers taking zonisamide should not breast‐feed exclusively, but may not have to avoid partial breast‐feeding, with significant caution regarding adverse effects in infants.
Unusual ectopic pregnancies: A retrospective analysis of 65 cases
Authors: Shan Nan , Dong Dan , Deng Weiguo , Fu Yan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate unusual ectopic pregnancies (EP) and compare them with fallopian ones.Material and MethodsA total of 1000 cases of ectopic pregnancies were analyzed, including 65 unusual cases. We discussed distribution, incidence, risk factors, examinations, treatments and prognoses.ResultsOvarian pregnancy was associated with placement of intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory diseases. Extratubal EP have a high rate of misdiagnosis and presented more serious manifestations. Some unusual EP could be diagnosed by ultrasonography. Ovarian pregnancy was usually manifested as positive culdocentesis. Most of the unusual EP underwent surgery, except some early cervical and corneal pregnancies.ConclusionAlthough extratubal pregnancies are difficult to diagnose, some histories and auxiliary examinations could make diagnosis easier for clinical physicians. Surgery is still the most effective approach for treatment of unusual EP, while conservative treatment of mifepristone combined with methotrexate or curettage could be used for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy.
Passion Isn't Always a Good Thing: Examining Entrepreneurs' Network Centrality and Financial Performance with a Dualistic Model of Passion
Authors: Ho Violet T. , Pollack Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe propose a conceptual model that links entrepreneurs' passion, network centrality, and financial performance, and test this model with small business managers in formal business networking groups. Drawing on the dualistic model of passion, we explore the relationships that harmonious and obsessive passion have with financial performance, mediated by network centrality. Results indicate that harmoniously passionate entrepreneurs had higher out‐degree centrality in their networking group (i.e., they were more inclined to seek out members to discuss work issues), which increased the income they received from peer referrals and, ultimately, business income. Obsessively passionate entrepreneurs had lower in‐degree centrality (i.e., they were less likely to be approached by peers), and in turn received less income from referrals and less business income. These findings highlight that entrepreneurial passion does not always result in positive financial outcomes – the type of passion makes a difference. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Playing on Two Chessboards: Reputation Effects between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Political Activity (CPA)
Authors: den Hond Frank , Rehbein Kathleen A. , de Bakker Frank G. A. , Lankveld Hilde Kooijmans‐van 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIt has recently been argued that corporate social responsibility (CSR) is ‘political’. It has been neglected however, that firms also operate politically in a traditional sense, in seeking to secure favourable political conditions for their businesses. We argue that there are potential synergies between CSR and corporate political activity (CPA) that are often overlooked by firms and that recognition of these synergies will stimulate firms to align their CSR and CPA. We develop a conceptual model that specifies how various configurations of a firm's CSR and CPA – alignment, misalignment, and non‐alignment – affect the firm's reputation beyond the separate reputation effects of CSR and CPA. This model has important implications for understanding how and why firms should pay attention to their CPA and CSR configurations, and thereby contributes to the broader issue of why firms should make sure that they are consistent in terms of responding to stakeholder concerns.
The Financial Effects of Uniform and Mixed Corporate Social Performance
Authors: Oikonomou Ioannis , Brooks Chris , Pavelin Stephen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFirms typically present a mixed picture of corporate social performance (CSP), with positive and negative indicators exhibited by the same firm. Thus, stakeholders' judgments of corporate social responsibility (CSR) typically evaluate positives in the context of negatives, and vice versa. Building on social judgment theory, we present two alternative accounts of how stakeholders respond to such complexity, which provide differing implications for the financial effects of CSP: reciprocal dampening and rewarding uniformity. Echoing notable findings on strategic consistency, our US panel study finds that firms that exhibit uniformly positive or uniformly negative indicators in particular dimensions of CSP outperform firms that exhibit a mixed picture of positives and negatives, which supports the notion that stakeholders' judgments of CSR reward uniformity.
Evidence for the role of vacuolar soluble pyrophosphatase and inorganic polyphosphate in Trypanosoma cruzi persistence
Authors: Galizzi Melina , Bustamante Juan M. , Fang Jianmin , Miranda Kildare , Soares Medeiros Lia C. , Tarleton Rick L. , Docampo Roberto 
Published: September 2013

SummaryTrypanosoma cruzi infection leads to development of a chronic disease but the mechanisms that the parasite utilizes to establish a persistent infection despite activation of a potent immune response by the host are currently unknown. Unusual characteristics of T. cruzi are that it possesses cellular levels of pyrophosphate (PPi) at least 10 times higher than those of ATP and molar levels of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) within acidocalcisomes. We characterized an inorganic soluble EF‐hand containing pyrophosphatase from T. cruzi (TcVSP) that, depending on the pH and cofactors, can hydrolyse either pyrophosphate (PPi) or polyphosphate (polyP). The enzyme is localized to both acidocalcisomes and cytosol. Overexpression of TcVSP (TcVSP‐OE) resulted in a significant decrease in cytosolic PPi, and short and long‐chain polyP levels. Additionally, the TcVSP‐OE parasites showed a significant growth defect in fibroblasts, less responsiveness to hyperosmotic stress, and reduced persistence in tissues of mice, suggesting that PPi and polyP are essential for the parasite to resist the stressful conditions in the host and to maintain a persistent infection.
Morphometry of the hippocampal microvasculature in post‐stroke and age‐related dementias
Authors: Burke M. J. C. , Nelson L. , Slade J. Y. , Oakley A. E. , Khundakar A. A. , Kalaria R. N. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundOptimal vascular function is vital for prevention of dementia. We hypothesized that elderly post‐stroke survivors who preserve cognitive function show unperturbed cerebral microvasculature compared with those who develop dementia.MethodsUsing stereological spherical probe software, we compared the length density (Lv, cumulative vessel length per unit tissue volume) of hippocampal microvessels in post mortem brain tissue from post‐stroke survivors, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and normal ageing control subjects. We also assessed microvessel diameters in the same subjects. Microvessels were identified by markers of endothelial cells (glucose transporter 1; GLUT1), basement membrane (collagen IV; COL4) and smooth muscle cell α‐actin (SMA).ResultsWe found increased Lv of both GLUT1 and COL4 immunostained microvessels (P < 0.05) in the hippocampal CA1 region of post‐stroke demented (PSD) and AD cases compared with post‐stroke nondemented (PSND), control and VaD subjects. However, no changes were apparent in the CA2 region. We also noted significant increase in Lv in the entorhinal cortex of AD compared with PSND and PSD subjects. The mean diameter of microvessels was decreased in PSD, compared with PSND, as well as in AD and VaD compared with controls. Cumulative frequency analysis showed PSND subjects to have significantly greater proportion of microvessels with diameters, ranging from 7 to 12 μm.ConclusionsAn increase in microvascular Lv in AD and PSD suggests either an increase in angiogenesis or the formation of newer microvessel loops in response to cerebral hypoperfusion. The decreased vessel diameters found in AD and VaD suggests increased vasoconstriction in dementia.
Outcomes of combination therapy for chronic antibody‐mediated rejection in renal transplantation
Authors: Kim Myung‐Gyu , Kim Yoon Jung , Kwon Hyuk Yong , Park Hayne Cho , Koo Tai Yeon , Jeong Jong Cheol , Jeon Hee Jung , Han Miyeun , Ahn Curie , Yang Jaeseok 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimChronic antibody‐mediated rejection (CAMR) in renal transplant patients has poor allograft outcomes. However, treatment strategy has not been established yet. Herein, we present short‐term outcomes of combination therapy for CAMR.MethodsWe identified nine patients with CAMR or suspicious CAMR who were treated with antihumoral therapy from 2010 to 2011 and analyzed their medical records retrospectively.ResultsFive patients had CAMR, and four patients had suspicious CAMR. Severe transplant glomerulopathy (TG) was observed in seven patients. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was decreased in all patients before treatment. We used three different treatment regimens: (i) high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and rituximab; (ii) high‐dose IVIG, rituximab, and bortezomib; and (iii) plasmapheresis with low‐dose IVIG, rituximab and bortezomib. After treatment with one of these three regimens, graft function improved or stabilized in six patients, whereas three patients showed further deterioration of eGFR. The third regimen suppressed deterioration of renal function in all patients. Most patients showed no progression of proteinuria. Infectious complications due to Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and herpes zoster occurred in two patients.ConclusionCombination therapy for CAMR might be effective, even in patients with relatively late‐stage CAMR.
Evaluating theories of drought‐induced vegetation mortality using a multimodel–experiment framework
Authors: McDowell Nate G. , Fisher Rosie A. , Xu Chonggang , Domec J. C. , Hölttä Teemu , Mackay D. Scott , Sperry John S. , Boutz Amanda , Dickman Lee , Gehres Nathan , Limousin Jean Marc , Macalady Alison , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Mencuccini Maurizio , Plaut Jennifer A. , Ogée Jérôme , Pangle Robert E. , Rasse Daniel P. , Ryan Michael G. , Sevanto Sanna , Waring Richard H. , Williams A. Park , Yepez Enrico A. , Pockman William T. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryModel–data comparisons of plant physiological processes provide an understanding of mechanisms underlying vegetation responses to climate. We simulated the physiology of a piñon pine–juniper woodland (Pinus edulis–Juniperus monosperma) that experienced mortality during a 5 yr precipitation‐reduction experiment, allowing a framework with which to examine our knowledge of drought‐induced tree mortality. We used six models designed for scales ranging from individual plants to a global level, all containing state‐of‐the‐art representations of the internal hydraulic and carbohydrate dynamics of woody plants. Despite the large range of model structures, tuning, and parameterization employed, all simulations predicted hydraulic failure and carbon starvation processes co‐occurring in dying trees of both species, with the time spent with severe hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, rather than absolute thresholds per se, being a better predictor of impending mortality. Model and empirical data suggest that limited carbon and water exchanges at stomatal, phloem, and below‐ground interfaces were associated with mortality of both species. The model–data comparison suggests that the introduction of a mechanistic process into physiology‐based models provides equal or improved predictive power over traditional process‐model or empirical thresholds. Both biophysical and empirical modeling approaches are useful in understanding processes, particularly when the models fail, because they reveal mechanisms that are likely to underlie mortality. We suggest that for some ecosystems, integration of mechanistic pathogen models into current vegetation models, and evaluation against observations, could result in a breakthrough capability to simulate vegetation dynamics.

Contents

Summary
305

I.
Background
305

II.
Model–experiment approach
306

III.
Simulations of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation
310

IV.
On thresholds vs duration of stress as drivers of mortality
311

V.
Interdependence of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation
314

VI.
Next‐generation, traditional, and empirical models
316

VII.
A path forward
317

VIII.
Conclusions
318

Acknowledgements
318

References
318
Philosophic reflections on the meaning of touch in nurse–patient interactions
Authors: Green Catherine 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper I examine the meaning of physical touch as it occurs in the nurse–patient interaction. There are two aspects of the nurse–patient relationship that are found in most nurse–patient interactions which together have profound implications for nurses as practitioners and as individual human persons. The first is the clinical intimacy of the nurse–patient relationship where nurses touch, rub, smooth, clean, dress and otherwise physically interact with patients. The other is the existential crisis, the possibility of loss, suffering and death that lurks at the horizon of most, if not all, healthcare encounters. Edmund Husserl, Merleau‐Ponty and more recently Robert Sokolowski argue that tactile sensations and resultant perceptions are fundamental to all sensory perception. Further, they argue that tactile sensation is fundamental for the ongoing constitution of ‘my’ self as a person and for the development and exercise of human intersubjectivity. If tactile interaction is crucial to the development of our very selves as persons and a significant aspect of our interaction with patients includes direct or observed tactile sensations and if further these sensations occur around the context of existential crises for our patients, then nurse's very selves as persons are being challenged by these interactions. Here, then I examine the philosophical argument for the role of tactile sensations in our human development and briefly look at contemporary neurophysiologic research that supports this philosophical account. I then suggest ways such physical intimacy can lead to a strengthening or weakening of the person of the nurse and the nursing interaction and end with some thoughts about ways to support nurses in these activities.
Nursing opinion leadership: a preliminary model derived from philosophic theories of rational belief
Authors: Anderson Christine A. , Whall Ann L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOpinion leaders are informal leaders who have the ability to influence others' decisions about adopting new products, practices or ideas. In the healthcare setting, the importance of translating new research evidence into practice has led to interest in understanding how opinion leaders could be used to speed this process. Despite continued interest, gaps in understanding opinion leadership remain. Agent‐based models are computer models that have proven to be useful for representing dynamic and contextual phenomena such as opinion leadership. The purpose of this paper is to describe the work conducted in preparation for the development of an agent‐based model of nursing opinion leadership. The aim of this phase of the model development project was to clarify basic assumptions about opinions, the individual attributes of opinion leaders and characteristics of the context in which they are effective. The process used to clarify these assumptions was the construction of a preliminary nursing opinion leader model, derived from philosophical theories about belief formation.
Understanding ‘caring’ through biopolitics: the case of nurses under the Nazi regime
Authors: Foth Thomas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThese days, discussions of what might be the ‘essence’ or the ‘core’ of nursing and nursing practice sooner or later end in a discussion about the concept of care. Most of the ‘newer’ nursing theories use this concept as a theoretical core concept. Even though these theoretical approaches use the concept of care with very different philosophical foundations and theoretical consistency, they concur in defining care as the essence of nursing and thereby glorify goodness as the decisive characteristic of nursing. These theoretical approaches neglect the fact that nursing is above all a profession with a societal task and is characterized by an asymmetrical power relation between nurses and their patients. Based on the results of a research project that analysed the role nurses played in the killing of psychiatric patients in Germany during the Nazi regime, I demonstrate that an approach based on the concept of care is not able to explain how nurses were able to commit crimes of such atrocity. These crimes were bound to an emotional investment that sustained the production of ‘life unworthy of living’. In the case of nurses under the Nazi regime, certainly a kind of sadism was at issue that can only be explained if we recognize that the social bond is characterized by a certain tension; ‘goodness’ that caring theories assign to the social bond always coexists with the capacity for destruction. Using the Foucauldian theoretical framework of biopower and biopolitics enables one to analyse violence and power as integral parts of nurses' practice. Seen from this perspective, the killing of patients was part of a biopolitical programme and not a relapse into barbarism. The concept of care obscures the political agenda of nursing and does not provide a critical and political framework to analysing nursing practice.
Domestic abuse as a transgressive practice: understanding nurses' responses through the lens of abjection
Authors: Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Taylor Julie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDomestic abuse is a worldwide public health issue with long‐term health and social consequences. Nurses play a key role in recognizing and responding to domestic abuse. Yet there is considerable evidence that their responses are often inappropriate and unhelpful, such as trivializing or ignoring the abuse. Empirical studies have identified several reasons why nurses' responses are sometimes wanting. These include organizational constraints, e.g. lack of time and privacy; and interpersonal factors such as fear of offending women and lack of confidence. We propose, however, that these factors present only a partial explanation. Drawing on the work of Julia Kristeva, we suggest that alternative understandings may be derived through applying the concept of abjection. Abjection is a psychological defence against any threat (the abject) to the clean and proper self that results in rejection of the abject. Using examples from our own domestic abuse research, we contend that exposure of nurses to the horror of domestic abuse evokes a state of abjection. Domestic abuse (the abject) transgresses established social boundaries of clean and proper. Thus when exposed to patients' and clients' experiences of it, some nurses subconsciously reject domestic abuse as a possibility (abjection). They do this to protect themselves from the horror of the act, but in so doing, render themselves unable to formulate appropriate responses. Rather than understanding the practice of some nurses as wilfully neglectful or ignorant, we argue that through a state of abjection, they are powerless to act. This does not refute existing evidence about nurses' responses to domestic abuse. Rather, as a relatively unknown concept in nursing, abjection provides an additional explanatory layer that accounts for why some nurses respond the way they do. Crucially, it elucidates the need for nurses to be supported emotionally when faced with the transgressive practice of abuse.