bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study Designs and Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Building Evidence Across Study Designs
Authors: Sargeant J. M. , Kelton D. F. , O'Connor A. M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis article is the second article in a series of six focusing on systematic reviews in animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. This article addresses the strengths and limitations of study designs commonly used in animal agriculture and veterinary research to assess interventions (preventive or therapeutic treatments) and discusses the appropriateness of their use in systematic reviews of interventions. Different study designs provide different evidentiary value for addressing questions about the efficacy of interventions. Experimental study designs range from in vivo proof of concept experiments to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) under real‐world conditions. The key characteristic of experimental design in intervention studies is that the investigator controls the allocation of individuals or groups to different intervention strategies. The RCT is considered the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of interventions and, if there are well‐executed RCTs available for inclusion in a systematic review, that review may be restricted to only this design. In some instances, RCTs may not be feasible or ethical to perform, and there are fewer RCTs published in the veterinary literature compared to the human healthcare literature. Therefore, observational study designs, where the investigator does not control intervention allocation, may provide the only available evidence of intervention efficacy. While observational studies tend to be relevant to real‐world use of an intervention, they are more prone to bias. Human healthcare researchers use a pyramid of evidence diagram to describe the evidentiary value of different study designs for assessing interventions. Modifications for veterinary medicine are presented in this article.
Longitudinal Assessment of the Effect of Age and Experience on Performance in 161-km Ultramarathons
Authors: Hoffman Martin D. , Parise Carol A. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:This work longitudinally assesses the influence of aging and experience on time to complete 161-km ultramarathons.Methods:From 29,331 finishes by 4066 runners who had completed 3 or more 161-km ultramarathons in North America from 1974 through 2010, independent cohorts of men (n = 3,092), women (n = 717), and top-performing men (n = 257) based on age-group finish place were identified. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to assess the effects of aging and previous 161-km finish number on finish time adjusted for the random effects of runner, event, and year.Results:Men and women up to 38 y of age slowed by 0.05–0.06 h/y with advancing age. Men slowed 0.17 h/y from 38 through 50 y and 0.23 h/y after 50 y. Women slowed 0.20–0.23 h/y with advancing age from 38 y. Top-performing men under 38 y did not slow with increasing age but slowed by 0.26 and 0.39 h/y from 38 through 50 y and after 50 y, respectively. Finish number was inversely associated with finish time for all 3 cohorts. A 10th or higher finish was 1.3, 1.7, and almost 3 h faster than a first finish for men, women, and top-performing men, respectively.Conclusions:High-level performances in 161-km ultramarathoners can be sustained late into the 4th decade of life, but subsequent aging is associated with declines in performance. Nevertheless, the adverse effects of aging on performance can be offset by greater experience in these events.
Effects of a 10-Week In-Season Eccentric-Overload Training Program on Muscle-Injury Prevention and Performance in Junior Elite Soccer Players
Authors: de Hoyo Moisés , Pozzo Marco , Sañudo Borja , Carrasco Luis , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Domínguez-Cobo Sergio , Morán-Camacho Eduardo 
Published: June 2014

Purpose:To analyze the effect of an eccentric-overload training program (ie, half-squat and leg-curl exercises using flywheel ergometers) with individualized load on muscle-injury incidence and severity and performance in junior elite soccer players.Methods:Thirty-six young players (U-17 to U-19) were recruited and assigned to an experimental (EXP) or control group (CON). The training program consisted of 1 or 2 sessions/wk (3–6 sets with 6 repetitions) during 10 wk. The outcome measured included muscle injury (incidence per 1000 h of exposure and injury severity) and performance tests (countermovement jump [CMJ], 10-m and 20-m sprint test).Results:Between-groups results showed a likely (ES: 0.94) lower number of days of absence per injury and a possible decrement of incidence per 1000 h of match play in EXP than in CON. Regarding muscle performance, a substantial better improvement (likely to very likely) was found in 20-m sprint time (ES: 0.37), 10-m flying-sprint time (ES: 0.77), and CMJ (ES: 0.79) for EXP than for CON. Within-group analysis showed an unclear effect in each variable in CON. Conversely, substantial improvements were obtained in CMJ (ES: 0.58), 20-m sprint time (ES: 0.32), 10-m flying-sprint time (ES: 0.95), and injury severity (ES: 0.59) in EXP. Furthermore, a possible decrement in total injury incidence was also reported in EXP.Conclusions:The eccentric-based program led to a reduction in muscle-injury incidence and severity and showed improvements in common soccer tasks such as jumping ability and linear-sprinting speed.
Forearm Position’s Alteration of Radial-Head Impingement on Wrist-Extensor Tendons
Authors: Ranger Tom A. , Braybon Wendy M. , Purdam Craig R. , Cook Jill L. 
Published: June 2014

Context:Lateral epicondylalgia, pain at the lateral elbow, is commonly associated with extensor carpi radialis brevis tendinopathy. The radial head, which abuts the extensor tendons and is elliptical in shape, may affect the extensor tendons during pronation of the forearm. Cadaverous studies have shown that the radial head may act as a cam in pronation, to offer a mechanical advantage to the common extensor tendon and to mitigate load on the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon.Objective:To determine the effect of radial-head position on the wrist-extensor tendons in vivo.Design:Repeated-measures design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:22 participants (12 male, 2 left-handed).Main Outcome Measures:Distance (mm) from subcutaneous fascia to radial head measured by ultrasound.Results:The radial head in supination was significantly deeper than either pronation or midprone, indicating a smaller cam effect in supination.Conclusion:The authors recommend that the effect of radial-head position and its relationship to the area of tendon pathology be considered clinically in the rehabilitation of patients suffering from lateral epicondylalgia.
The Effect of a 3-Month Prevention Program on the Jump-Landing Technique in Basketball: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aerts Inne , Cumps Elke , Verhagen Evert , Wuyts Bram , Van De Gucht Sam , Meeusen Romain 
Published: June 2014

Context:In jump-landing sports, the injury mechanism that most frequently results in an injury is the jump-landing movement. Influencing the movement patterns and biomechanical predisposing factors are supposed to decrease injury occurrence.Objectives:To evaluate the influence of a 3-mo coach-supervised jump-landing prevention program on jump-landing technique using the jump-landing scoring (JLS) system.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:On-field.Participants:116 athletes age 15–41 y, with 63 athletes in the control group and 53 athletes in the intervention group. Intervention: The intervention program in this randomized control trial was administered at the start of the basketball season 2010–11. The jump-landing training program, supervised by the athletic trainers, was performed for a period of 3 mo.Main Outcome Measures:The jump-landing technique was determined by registering the jump-landing technique of all athletes with the JLS system, pre- and postintervention.Results:After the prevention program, the athletes of the male and female intervention groups landed with a significantly less erect position than those in the control groups (P < .05). This was presented by a significant improvement in maximal hip flexion, maximal knee flexion, hip active range of motion, and knee active range of motion. Another important finding was that postintervention, knee valgus during landing diminished significantly (P < .05) in the female intervention group compared with their control group. Furthermore, the male intervention group significantly improved (P < .05) the scores of the JLS system from pre- to postintervention.Conclusion:Malalignments such as valgus position and insufficient knee flexion and hip flexion, previously identified as possible risk factors for lower-extremity injuries, improved significantly after the completion of the prevention program. The JLS system can help in identifying these malalignments.Level of Evidence:Therapy, prevention, level 1b.
Genome Sequences of Two Temperate Phages, ΦCB2047-A and ΦCB2047-C, Infecting
Sulfitobacter
sp. Strain 2047
Authors: Ankrah Nana Y. D. , Budinoff Charles R. , Wilson William H. , Wilhelm Steven W. , Buchan Alison 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

We announce the complete genome sequences of two temperate
Podoviridae
,
Sulfitobacter
phages ΦCB2047-A and ΦCB2047-C, which infect
Sulfitobacter
sp. strain 2047, a member of the
Roseobacter
clade. This is the first report of temperate podophage infecting members of the
Sulfitobacter
genus of the
Roseobacter
clade.
Draft Genome Sequence of Defluviimonas indica Strain 20V17
T
, Isolated from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment in the Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Jiang Lijing , Long Minnan , Shao Zongze 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Defluviimonas indica
20V17
T
, which was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney sample in the southwest Indian Ocean. The draft genome sequence contains 4,268,338 bp, with a G+C content of 66.33%.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Wild Peacock (
Pavo cristatus
) in India
Authors: Khulape Sagar A. , Gaikwad Satish S. , Chellappa Madhan Mohan , Mishra Bishnu Prasad , Dey Sohini 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from a wild peacock. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it belongs to genotype II, class II of NDV strains. This study helps to understand the ecology of NDV strains circulating in a wild avian host of this geographical region during the outbreak of 2012 in northwest India.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain Ant30-3, a Psychrotolerant Bacterium with Biodegradative Attribute Isolated from Antarctica
Authors: Koo Hyunmin , Basu Malay K. , Crowley Michael , Aislabie Jackie , Bej Asim K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. strain Ant30-3, isolated from fuel-contaminated Antarctic soil, exhibited distinctive psychrotolerant attributes and the potential for degrading aromatic hydrocarbon compounds at cold temperatures. We report here the 6.14-Mb draft genome of Ant30-3, which will provide insights into the genomic basis for the psychrotolerant and biodegradative properties of this bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolate C2, Belonging to the Latin American–Mediterranean Family
Authors: Liao Yu-Chieh , Chen Yih-Yuan , Lin Hsin-Hung , Chang Jia-Ru , Su Ih-Jen , Huang Tsi-Shu , Dou Horng-Yunn 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease in Taiwan. Here we present the draft genome sequence of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C2 strain, belonging to the Latin American–Mediterranean lineage. The draft genome sequence comprises 4,453,307 bp with a G+C content of 65.6%, revealing 4,390 coding genes and 45 tRNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Highly Transformable Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain 28a24
Authors: Smith Brian A. , Dougherty Kevin M. , Baltrus David A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence for an isolate of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
that is highly competent for natural transformation. This sequence enables insights into the genetic basis of natural transformation rate variations and provides an additional data point for genomic comparisons across a ubiquitous and highly diverse bacterial species.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Aspergillus oryzae
100-8, an Increased Acid Protease Production Strain
Authors: Zhao Guozhong , Yao Yunping , Hou Lihua , Wang Chunling , Cao Xiaohong 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus oryzae
is a common fungus for traditional fermentation in Asia, such as spirit, soybean paste, and soy sauce fermentation. We report the 36.7-Mbp draft genome sequence of
A. oryzae
100-8 and compared it to the published genome sequence of
A. oryzae
3.042.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis
Strain MAS1
Authors: Siddiqui Masood Ahmed , Rashid Naeem , Ayyampalayam Saravanaraj , Whitman William B. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Geobacillus thermopakistaniensis
strain MAS1 was isolated from a hot spring located in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The draft genome sequence was 3.5 Mb and identified a number of genes of potential industrial importance, including genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, pullulanase, amylopullulanase, glycosidase, and alcohol dehydrogenases.
Complete Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg Strains Associated with a Multistate Food-Borne Illness Investigation
Authors: Evans Peter S. , Luo Yan , Muruvanda Tim , Ayers Sherry , Hiatt Brian , Hoffman Maria , Zhao Shaohua , Allard Marc W. , Brown Eric W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Next-generation sequencing is being evaluated for use with food-borne illness investigations, especially when the outbreak strains produce patterns that cannot be discriminated from non-outbreak strains using conventional procedures. Here we report complete genome assemblies of two
Salmonella enterica
serovar Heidelberg strains with a common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern isolated during an outbreak investigation.
Unexpectedly long hospital stays as an indicator of risk of unsafe care: an exploratory study
Authors: Borghans Ine , Hekkert Karin D , den Ouden Lya , Cihangir Sezgin , Vesseur Jan , Kool Rudolf B , Westert Gert P 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesWe developed an outcome indicator based on the finding that complications often prolong the patient's hospital stay. A higher percentage of patients with an unexpectedly long length of stay (UL-LOS) compared to the national average may indicate shortcomings in patient safety. We explored the utility of the UL-LOS indicator.SettingWe used data of 61 Dutch hospitals. In total these hospitals had 1 400 000 clinical discharges in 2011.ParticipantsThe indicator is based on the percentage of patients with a prolonged length of stay of more than 50% of the expected length of stay and calculated among survivors.InterventionsNo interventions were made.Outcome measuresThe outcome measures were the variability of the indicator across hospitals, the stability over time, the correlation between the UL-LOS and standardised mortality and the influence on the indicator of hospitals that did have problems discharging their patients to other health services such as nursing homes.ResultsIn order to compare hospitals properly the expected length of stay was computed based on comparison with benchmark populations. The standardisation was based on patients’ age, primary diagnosis and main procedure. The UL-LOS indicator showed considerable variability between the Dutch hospitals: from 8.6% to 20.1% in 2011. The outcomes had relatively small CIs since they were based on large numbers of patients. The stability of the indicator over time was quite high. The indicator had a significant positive correlation with the standardised mortality (r=0.44 (p<0.001)), and no significant correlation with the percentage of patients that was discharged to other facilities than other hospitals and home (r=−0.15 (p>0.05)).ConclusionsThe UL-LOS indicator is a useful addition to other patient safety indicators by revealing variation between hospitals and areas of possible patient safety improvement.
Coproduction in commissioning decisions: is there an association with decision satisfaction for commissioners working in the NHS? A cross-sectional survey 2010/2011
Authors: Taylor-Phillips Sian , Clarke Aileen , Grove Amy , Swan Jacky , Parsons Helen , Gkeredakis Emmanouil , Mills Penny , Powell John , Nicolini Davide , Roginski Claudia , Scarbrough Harry 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo undertake an assessment of the association between coproduction and satisfaction with decisions made for local healthcare communities.DesignA coproduction scale was developed and tested to measure individual National Health Service (NHS) commissioners’ satisfaction with commissioning decisions.Setting11 English Primary Care Trusts in 2010–2011.ParticipantsStaff employed at NHS band 7 or above involved in commissioning decisions in the NHS. 345/440 (78%) of participants completed part of all of the survey.Main outcome measureReliability and validity of a coproduction scale were assessed using a correlation-based principal component analysis model with direct oblimin rotation. Multilevel modelling was used to predict decision satisfaction.ResultsThe analysis revealed that coproduction consisted of three principal components: productive discussion, information and dealing with uncertainty. Higher decision satisfaction was associated with smaller decisions, more productive discussion, decisions where information was readily available to use and those where decision-making tools were more often used.ConclusionsThe research indicated that coproduction may be an important factor for satisfaction with decision-making in the commissioning of healthcare services.
Work stress, work motivation and their effects on job satisfaction in community health workers: a cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Li Li , Hu Hongyan , Zhou Hao , He Changzhi , Fan Lihua , Liu Xinyan , Zhang Zhong , Li Heng , Sun Tao 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveIt is well documented that both work stress and work motivation are key determinants of job satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine levels of work stress and motivation and their contribution to job satisfaction among community health workers in Heilongjiang Province, China.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingHeilongjiang Province, China.ParticipantsThe participants were 930 community health workers from six cities in Heilongjiang Province.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMultistage sampling procedures were used to measure socioeconomic and demographic status, work stress, work motivation and job satisfaction. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess key determinants of job satisfaction.ResultsThere were significant differences in some subscales of work stress and work motivation by some of the socioeconomic characteristics. Levels of overall stress perception and scores on all five work stress subscales were higher in dissatisfied workers relative to satisfied workers. However, levels of overall motivation perception and scores on the career development, responsibility and recognition motivation subscales were higher in satisfied respondents relative to dissatisfied respondents. The main determinants of job satisfaction were occupation; age; title; income; the career development, and wages and benefits subscales of work stress; and the recognition, responsibility and financial subscales of work motivation.ConclusionsThe findings indicated considerable room for improvement in job satisfaction among community health workers in Heilongjiang Province in China. Healthcare managers and policymakers should take both work stress and motivation into consideration, as two subscales of work stress and one subscale of work motivation negatively influenced job satisfaction and two subscales of work motivation positively influenced job satisfaction.
Physical activity, diet and BMI in children aged 6–8 years: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Basterfield Laura , Jones Angela R , Parkinson Kathryn N , Reilly Jessica , Pearce Mark S , Reilly John J , Adamson Ashley J ,   The Gateshead Millennium Study Core Team
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo assess relationships between current physical activity (PA), dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) in English children.Design and settingLongitudinal birth cohort study in northeast England, cross-sectional analysis.Participants425 children (41% of the original cohort) aged 6–8 years (49% boys).Main outcome measuresPA over 7 days was measured objectively by an accelerometer; three categories of PA were created: ‘active’ ≥60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA); ‘moderately active’ 30–59 min/day MVPA; ‘inactive’ <30 min/day MVPA. Dietary intake over 4 days was measured using a prospective dietary assessment tool which incorporated elements of the food diary and food frequency methods. Three diet categories were created: ‘healthy’, ‘unhealthy’ and ‘mixed’, according to the number of portions of different foods consumed. Adherence to the ‘5-a-day’ recommendations for portions of fruit and vegetables was also assessed. Children were classified as ‘healthy weight’ or ‘overweight or obese’ (OW/OB) according to International Obesity Taskforce cutpoints for BMI. Associations between weight status and PA/diet categories were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsFew children met the UK-recommended guidelines for either MVPA or fruit and vegetable intake, with just 7% meeting the recommended amount of MVPA of 60 min/day, and 3% meeting the 5-a-day fruit and vegetable recommendation. Higher PA was associated with a lower OR for OW/OB in boys only (0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.88). There was no association detected between dietary intake and OW/OB in either sex.ConclusionsIncreasing MVPA may help to reduce OW/OB in boys; however, more research is required to examine this relationship in girls. Children are not meeting the UK guidelines for diet and PA, and more needs to be done to improve this situation.