bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Caulerpa racemosa : Functional Food of the Future from Algae
Authors: Nurkolis Fahrul , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Hardinsyah  , Radu Son , Mayulu Nelly , Tsopmo Apollinaire , Kurniawan Rudy , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Herlina Tati , Maksum Iman Permana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Marine macroalgae are nutraceuticals rich in nutritional profile and secondary bioactive metabolites. However, they have varied nutritional and biochemical qualities due to a variety of reasons. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Caulerpa racemosa, edible green algae also known as Sea grapes. The study successfully identified secondary metabolites through metabolomic profiling untargeted by LC-HRMS as well as a bioactive peptide. In addition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and compounds were determined. A total of 103 metabolites were identified in C. racemosa extract obtained by the maceration, while 48 were detected in the soxhlet extract. A peptide with the sequence ELWKTF (Glu-Leu-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe; C41H58N8O) and its abundance was identified in the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of C. racemosa. In the antioxidant activity test, Soxhletated-extract (ES) and purified fraction 1 (PF1) had half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) < EC50 of control/GSH (DPPH inhibition) and PF1 had EC50 < EC50 of control/Trolox (ABTS inhibition). The cytotoxicity results showed that macerated-extract (EM), ES, and PF1 as antioxidant agents in the observed EC50 were safe. In general, C. racemosa contains antioxidant nutrients, metabolites, and bioactive peptides, a factor that makes it a promising functional food and pharmaceutical.
GenSynthPop: Generating a Spatially Explicit Synthetic Population of Agents and Households from Aggregated Data
Authors: de Mooij Jan , Sonnenschein Tabea , Pellegrino Marco , Dastani Mehdi , Ettema Dick , Logan Brian , Verstegen Judith A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Synthetic populations are representations of actual individuals living in a specific area. They play an increasingly important role in studying and modeling individuals and are often used to build agent-based social simulations. Traditional approaches for synthesizing populations use a detailed sample of the population (which may not be available) or combine data into a single joint distribution, and draw agents or households from these. The lattergroup of existing sample-free methods fail to integrate (1) the best available dataon spatial granular distributions, (2) multi-variable joint distributions, and (3) household level distributions. In this paper, we propose a sample-free approach where synthetic individuals and households directly represent the estimated joint distribution to which attributes are iteratively added, conditioned on previous attributes such that the relative frequencies within each joint group of attributes are maintained and fit granular spatial marginal distributions. In this paper wepresent our method and test it for the Zuid-West district of The Hague, theNetherlands, showing that spatial, multi-variable and household distributions areaccurately reflected in the resulting synthetic population.
WITHDRAWN: Clinical characterization and immunosuppressive regulation of DNAJCB5B in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Junxi , Xu Jinye , Tian Shuyu , Zhang Dong , Wang Xiaolin , Shu Yusheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
An applied noise model for scintillation-based CCD detectors in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zietlow Christian , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Measurements in general are limited in accuracy by the presence of noise. This also holds true for highly sophisticated scintillation-based CCD cameras, as they are used in medical applications, astronomy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, signals measured with pixelated detectors are convolved with the inherent detector point spread function (PSF). The Poisson noise, arising from the quantized nature of the beam electrons, gets correlated by this convolution, which allows to reconstruct the detector PSF based on the Wiener–Khinchin theorem and the Pearson correlation coefficients under homogeneous illumination conditions. However, correlation also has a strong impact on the noise statistics of basic operations like the binning of signals, as it is usually done in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, this paper aims to give an insight into the different noise contributions occurring on such detectors, into their underlying statistics and their correlation. Detectors usually suffer from gain non-linearities and quantum efficiency deviations, which must be corrected for optimal results. All these operations influence the noise and are influenced by it, vice versa. In this work, we mathematically describe all these changes and show them experimentally. Methods on how to measure individual noise and correlation parameters are described allowing readers to implement routines for finding them. Sufficient knowledge on the noise of a measurement is not only crucial for classifying its quality and meaningfulness, but also allows for better post-processing operations like deconvolution, which is a common practice in spectroscopy to enhance signals.
An individual-based dynamic model to assess interventions in a population of people who inject drugs
Authors: Gallant Kirsten , Lukeman Ryan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Illicit opioid overdose continues to rise in North America and is a leading cause of death. Mathematical modeling is a valuable tool to investigate the epidemiology of this public health issue, as it can characterize key features of population outcomes and quantify the broader effect of structural and interventional changes on overdose mortality.
The aim of this study is to quantify and predict the impact of key harm reduction strategies at differing levels of scale-up on fatal and nonfatal overdose among a population of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Toronto.
Methods: An individual-based model of PWID was built featuring demographic and behavioural variation among members. Key individual attributes known to scale the risk of fatal and nonfatal overdose were identified and incorporated into a dynamic modeling framework, wherein every member of the simulated population encompasses a set of distinct characteristics that govern demographics, intervention usage, and overdose incidence. The model was parametrized to fatal and nonfatal overdose events reported in Toronto in 2019. The interventions considered were opioid agonist therapy (OAT), supervised consumption sites (SCS), take-home naloxone (THN), drug-checking, and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply. Harm reduction scenarios were explored relative to a baseline model to examine the impact of each intervention being scaled from 0% use to 100% use on overdose events.
Results: Model simulations resulted in 3690.6 nonfatal and 295.4 fatal overdoses, coinciding with 2019 data from Toronto. From this baseline, at full scale-up, 290 deaths were averted by THN, 248 from eliminating fentanyl from the drug supply, 124 from SCS use, 173 from OAT, and 100 by drug-checking services. Drug-checking and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply were the only harm reduction strategies that reduced the number of nonfatal overdoses.
Conclusions: Within a multi-faceted harm reduction approach, scaling up take-home naloxone, and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply led to the largest reduction in overdose fatality among PWID in Toronto. Detailed model simulation studies provide an additional tool to assess and inform public health policy on harm reduction.
Scientific Analysis Reveals the Archaeological Connotation of the Earliest Bronze Round-sculpted Horses in China: a Comprehensive Technical Investigation
Authors: He Yuan , Qu Xiangnan , Liu Yangxinghe , Li Yanli , Liu Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The two bronze horses unearthed from the tomb during the late Shang period on the Loess Plateau represent the earliest known examples of independent round-sculpted horse artworks in China, but their archaeological connotation has not yet been effectively recognized. Based on the preliminary observation of surface craft traces, we conducted a comprehensive technical investigation on the bronze horses, including the technology of casting, alloying, production of clay casting cores as well as the potential casting place, utilizing optical microscopes (OM), a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a synchronous thermal analyzer. The comparative study with related materials indicates that the two bronze horses are a pair of drinking vessels imitating the animal shape, with a style that combines local and Central Plains elements. They were cast in the Loess Plateau, while it is likely that the metal raw materials and production technology were either directly or indirectly imported from the Central Plains. In this study, we conducted technical characterization of the clay casting materials utilized in Lijiaya culture’s bronze artifacts for the first time, which is of enlightening significance for comprehensively revealing the picture of the bronze handicraft industry in the Loess Plateau during the late Shang period.
Predictive Model for Flexion Pattern of Chronic Low Back Pain Among Office Workers
Authors: Yoo Hwaik , Kwon Ohyun , Yi Chunghwi , Cho Sanghyun , Jeon Hyeseon , Choi Woochol Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction model for classifying the presence of flexion pattern chronic low back pain (CLBP) in office workers, including physical, individual, psychological, and occupational factors.
Methods
Ninety-five office workers (48 workers with CLBP and 47 workers without CLBP) participated in this study. Hip flexion ROM (HFR), knee extension ROM, knee extension ROM with ankle dorsiflexion, hip internal rotation ROM (HIR), hip flexor strength, pelvic posterior tilt angle (PPTA) in habitual sitting, and trunk extensor endurance were measured. Twelve variables (9 physical variables and age, sex, body mass index, Beck Depression Index, and working duration) were used to develop the prediction model for the presence of flexion pattern CLBP using logistic regression.
Results
The probability of the presence of flexion pattern CLBP significantly decreased with an odds ratio of HFR 0.884 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.817―0.957) and HIR 0.860 (95% CI = 0.799―0.926), but it increased with an odds ratio of PPTA in habitual sitting 1.190 (95% CI = 1.058―1.339). Our model showed acceptable accuracy of 82.1% and an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.898
Conclusions
HFR, HIR, and PPTA in habitual sitting could serve as guidelines for preventing and managing flexion pattern CLBP in office workers.
Using GIS and Machine Learning to Monitor Sandbars along the Niger River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Okpobiri Okechukwu , Moses Paaru , Eteh Desmond Rowland , Omonefe Francis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The use of GIS and machine learning techniques to map sand bars along the Niger River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, spanning the period from 1974 to 2024. It integrates DEM, Landsat series satellite imagery obtained from the USGS. Rainfall data from 1983 to 2023, sourced from the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, supplements the analysis. Object-Based Image Analysis is employed to identify and map sand bars, while Support Vector Machines automate classification to ensure precision and recall metrics. ArcGIS 10.5 tracks temporal changes, revealing significant morphological shifts influenced by both natural processes and human activities. Statistical analysis of sand bar area indicated varied trends: a mean area decline from 183.66 km² in 1974 to 67.53 km² in 2004, followed by fluctuations and a slight increase to 140.27 km² by 2024. From 1974 to 1984, the sand bar decreased by 35%, indicating a period of erosion, while from 2004 to 2014, there was a surprising increase of 100.55%, followed by a more stable period with a 3.57% increase from 2014 to 2024. Spatial autocorrelation analysis confirmed positive correlations between sand bar characteristics and elevation, reflecting localized influences on sand bar dynamics. Moreover, rainfall patterns exhibited a strong correlation (R² = 0.7576) with sand bar changes, underscoring the role of climatic variability in sediment transport and deposition processes. Grain size analysis reveals that medium to coarse sands dominate sandbar composition, influencing their stability and susceptibility to environmental changes. Comparisons with global trends highlight similarities in sandbar dynamics across riverine environments.
Mental Health Trajectories and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Resilience Among Palliative Care Professionals
Authors: Cuchet Isabelle , Maneval Axelle , Dambrun Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context: Palliative care professionals are exposed to significant stressors or Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) due to their work with suffering and dying patients, as well as stressors related to work organization and personal life. The long-term impact of these experiences on their mental health remains unclear. Additionally, factors such as social support, autonomy, psychological demands, psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion have not been studied over the long term among these professionals.
Objectives: This six-month longitudinal study aims to identify the mental health trajectories of palliative care professionals in relation to specific stressors. We hypothesized that dispositional resources such as self-compassion, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility promote resilience, considering participants’ perceptions of their work environment.
Method: An online questionnaire was developed and distributed twice at six-month intervals (November 2022, t1, and May 2023, t2) to palliative care professionals in France (e.g., doctors, nurses, care assistants, psychologists). Of the initial 379 participants at t1, 280 completed both waves of the questionnaire, resulting in a 26% attrition rate.
Results: Among the various PTEs measured, the chronic stress of accumulating end-of-life care in the last six months at t2 was the most robust predictor of mental health when controlling for the same health variable at t1. Participants followed one of two trajectories between t1 and t2 across our three mental health components: a resilience trajectory (63.21% ≤ size ≤ 68.93%) or a chronic distress trajectory (31.07% ≤ size ≤ 36.79%), consistent with resilience trajectory theory. Psychological flexibility significantly increased the probability of following a trajectory of resilience on the Burnout-CF (OR = 1.08; 95% CI:1.01, 1.15) and well-being components (OR = 1.11; 95% CI:1.03, 1.18).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Incisional Hernia Following Abdominal Surgery Among Yemeni Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Issa Mohammed Ali , Al-Amry Ali Lotf , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Al-Jabri Eissa Ali , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Incisional hernia (IH) is a common and serious complication of abdominal surgery, but risk factors and optimal preventive strategies are not yet fully defined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, timing and risk factors for IH following abdominal surgery in a high-risk patient population.
Patients and Methods :
A retrospective review of 222 patients who underwent abdominal surgery was conducted in two hospitals in Yemen. The demographics of the patients, surgical variables and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The prevalence and timing of IH were determined and univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to identify risk factors for IH.
Results
The overall prevalence of IH was 19%, with 57% of cases occurring within 1 year after surgery (median 11 months). In the univariate analysis, significant risk factors for IH included ASA grade (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.044), diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.044), malnutrition (p = 0.022), trauma (p < 0.001), peritonitis (p = 0.001), surgical site infection (SSI) (p = 0.015) and wound dehiscence (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only postoperative wound dehiscence (odds ratio [OR] 9.874, 95% CI 3.317–29.389, p < 0.001) and poor nutritional status (OR 9.899, 95% CI 1.777–55.161, p = 0.009) emerged as independent risk factors for IH.
Conclusion
Our study found a higher prevalence of IH compared to some studies and identified several risk factors, including ASA, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, malnutrition, trauma, peritonitis, SSI and wound dehiscence. Wound dehiscence and poor nutritional status emerged as independent risk factors for the development of IH. Optimizing preoperative nutrition, managing postoperative infections, and preventing wound complications to reduce the risk of IH are crucial. More research is needed to explore the complex relationships between these factors and the occurrence of IH, ultimately leading to targeted interventions that can improve patient outcomes.
Perceptions of Lgbtiq+ Population in a Nigerian Cosmopolitan City: Implications and Projected Pathways in Criminalization
Authors: Iloma David O. , Effiong James E. , Ijere Ignatius 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Compared to those of other African countries, studies examining LGBTIQ + in Nigeria are scarce, while the perceptions of people with an LGBTIQ + orientation have not received adequate scholarly attention. In view of this, the present study aimed to explore the perceptions of the LGBTIQ + population in a cosmopolitan Nigerian city.Method This study utilized a cross-sectional analytical survey design and purposive technique to analyze the perceptions of 302 respondents to understand the disposition of people toward members of LGBTIQ + and, in so doing, to deduce workable pathways for handling the stigmatizing, discriminating and ostracizing treatment members of the LGBTIQ + experience. In assessing the key study variables, a qualitative 5-statement semi-interview questionnaire was developed and validated by the researchers to investigate the research objectives. Using IBM SPSS statistical tools, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized.Results The results showed a prevalence rate of 40.7% for perceived severe criminalization by LGBTIQ + persons, while the main finding employing hierarchical regressions was that gender was the only independent significant predictor of perception of LGBTIQ+ (β = − .13, SE = .06, F = 5.37; p = .02), accounting for 1.8% of the variance in perceptions of the LGBTIQ + community and criminalization dimensions. Additionally, the majority of participants suggested severe measures for necrophilia, bestiality, and transsexuals; they were moderate toward gay and lesbian individuals in comparison.Conclusions In line with the findings, conclusions and recommendations were outlined, while policy implications and conclusions were drawn in a bid to address societal perceptions about the LGBTIQ + community and projected pathways in criminalizing the LGBTIQ + population in Nigeria.
Miyake-jima anorthite: A lunar crustal material analog
Authors: Roy Arkadeep , Mallik Ananya , Hanna Kerri Donaldson , Goepfert Tyler J. , Hervig Richard L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High-calcic (∼95% anorthite) plagioclase is the key mineral comprising the primary lunar crustal suites that cover over 60% of the Moon’s surface. Pristine crystals of similar high-calcic plagioclase are rare occurrences on Earth, which creates a roadblock to using terrestrial material as lunar crustal analogs. We discuss the potential of a particular megacrystic anorthite (An95.51±0.31) occurring in the basaltic lava flows of the island arc volcano in Miyake-jima, Japan, as a material analog. A comprehensive analytical routine for the Miyake-jima anorthites has been performed to explore intra- and inter-crystalline heterogeneities in major, minor, and trace elements. These anorthites show flat concentration gradients across core profiles for all major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Na), minor elements (Mg, Fe), and most trace elements (La, Ce, Pm, Nd, Eu). Comparing the chemical composition of the samples with that of different lunar crustal suites like ferroan anorthosites, high-magnesium suites, and high-alkali suites shows that the Miyake-jima anorthites are overlapping or depleted in most minor and trace elements except for a slight enrichment in Li, Ti, Fe, Sr, Eu, Ba, and Pb. Given the low abundance of most trace elements in the Miyake-jima anorthites, we can treat this sample suite as a “blank slate,” which provides the opportunity to dope the crystalline matrix with the elements of interest at different levels and use them for geochemical, petrologic, and spectroscopic studies. The lack of typical magmatic zoning and overlapping elemental compositions across the different megacrysts make the Miyake-jima anorthites very well suited as a lunar crustal material analog. Highly calcic, crystalline anorthite is shown to have unique spectral signatures from less calcic anorthite, and intermediate and sodic compositions of plagioclase feldspar as calcium and iron contents control the wavelength position and shape of the diagnostic spectral features in the thermal infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, near- and thermal infrared spectral measurements of the Miyake-jima anorthites highlight the importance of developing chemically and mineralogically consistent terrestrial material analogs for remote sensing studies.
Use of tofacitinib in psoriatic arthritis (literature review)
Authors: Shafieva I. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Kurmaev D. P. , Treneva E. V. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the musculoskeletal system, and is a complex inflammatory arthropathy with a heterogeneous spectrum of manifestations. Persistent inflammation can lead to joint destruction and disability, which can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment. Despite the extensive therapeutic arsenal, disease control in a significant proportion of patients is suboptimal. It is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of the janus kinase inhibitor (JAK kinase) tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and PsA.Aim. Evaluate the possibilities of using tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.Materials and methods. We searched for literature on this topic in the databases of the electronic scientific medical libraries PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, eLibrary.Ru (until February 29, 2024). Our review scientific article is based on previously conducted research and does not contain any studies involving animals or humans conducted by any of the authors of our article. Results. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the high efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of PsA. Tofacitinib is a modern effective drug for the treatment of psoriasis and PsA, with a good efficacy profile and an acceptable safety profile. Further long-term expanded research and clinical data will help expand the role of tofacitinib in the treatment of these diseasesConclusion. The literature data indicate the high efficacy of tofacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The use of tofacitinib is promising in the treatment of patients with PsA, especially patients burdened with residual disease phenomena and pain.