bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled analysis of large and long‐term safety data from the human papillomavirus‐16/18‐AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine clinical trial programme
Authors: Angelo Maria‐Genalin , David Marie‐Pierre , Zima Julia , Baril Laurence , Dubin Gary , Arellano Felix , Struyf Frank 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study is to further evaluate the safety of the human papillomavirus (HPV)‐16/18‐AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine (HPV‐16/18‐vaccine Cervarix®, GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium) through a pooled analysis of data from 42 completed/ongoing clinical studies.MethodsUnsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported for 30 days after each dose. Medically significant conditions, serious AEs (SAEs), potential immune‐mediated diseases (pIMDs) and pregnancy outcomes were captured until study completion. Events leading to subject withdrawal were reviewed. Relative risks compared incidences of spontaneous abortion and pIMDs in controlled studies.ResultsThirty one thousand one hundred seventy‐three adolescent girls/women received HPV‐16/18‐vaccine alone (HPV group), 2166 received HPV‐16/18‐vaccine coadministered with another vaccine and 24 241 were controls. Mean follow‐up was 39 months (range 0–113.3). Incidences of unsolicited AEs reported within 30 days after any dose were similar between HPV and Control groups (30.8%/29.7%). During the entire study period, reports of medically significant conditions (25.0%/28.3%) and SAEs (7.9%/9.3%) were also similarly distributed between groups. Deaths were rare: HPV (alone/coadministered) n = 25, controls n = 20 (n = 18 in blinded groups). pIMDs within 1 year were reported by 0.2% of HPV‐16/18 vaccinees and controls. For each pIMD event category, no increased relative risks were reported for HPV‐16/18 vaccinees versus controls. Coadministration did not change the overall safety profile. Pregnancy outcomes and withdrawal rates were similar between groups.ConclusionsAnalysis of safety data arising from 57 580 subjects and 96 704 HPV‐16/18‐vaccine doses shows that the incidences and distribution of AEs were similar among HPV‐16/18‐vaccine recipients and controls. No new safety signals were identified. The data confirm previous findings that HPV‐16/18‐vaccine has an acceptable benefit‐risk profile in adolescent girls and adult women. © 2014 GlaxoSmithKline. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐licensure safety surveillance for human papillomavirus‐16/18‐AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine: more than 4 years of experience
Authors: Angelo Maria‐Genalin , Zima Julia , Tavares Da Silva Fernanda , Baril Laurence , Arellano Felix 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo summarise post‐licensure safety surveillance over more than 4 years of routine use of the human papillomavirus‐16/18‐AS04‐adjuvanted vaccine (HPV‐16/18 vaccine: Cervarix®, GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium).MethodsWe describe global post‐licensure passive surveillance data based on routine pharmacovigilance from 18 May 2007 until 17 November 2011 and enhanced surveillance implemented during the 2‐year national immunisation programme in the UK (school years 2008–2010).ResultsSpontaneous reports from countries worldwide showed a similar pattern for the most frequently reported adverse events after HPV‐16/18 vaccination. No patterns or trends were observed for potential immune‐mediated diseases after vaccination. Observed incidences of Bell's palsy and confirmed Guillain–Barré syndrome were within the expected range in the general population. Outcomes of pregnancy in women who were inadvertently exposed to HPV‐16/18 vaccine during pregnancy, were in line with published reports for similar populations. Enhanced surveillance of adverse events in the UK triggered a review of cases of anaphylaxis, angioedema and syncope reports, leading to an update to the prescribing information.ConclusionCollaborative partnerships between industry and national regulatory agencies facilitated rapid notification and transfer of safety information, allowing for rapid responses in the event of a safety signal of adverse event of concern. More than 4 years of post‐licensure experience may provide confidence to providers and the public about the safety profile of HPV‐16/18 vaccine in routine use. The safety profile appears to be consistent with pre‐licensure data reporting that HPV‐16/18 vaccine has an acceptable benefit–risk profile in adolescent girls and women. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Sensitivity of Mammalian Cell Lines to Non‐Thermal Atmospheric Plasma
Authors: Naciri Mariam , Dowling Denis , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn vitro experiments demonstrated a differential sensitivity to non‐thermal atmospheric plasma among three mammalian cell lines. The highest proliferation rates, osteoblast cells (MG63) were the most sensitive; Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), with the lowest proliferation rate, were the least sensitive; and colon cancer cells (SW480) were in between. Apoptosis was found to increase in all cell lines and at all levels of exposure in comparison to the controls. Cells grown in batch cultures, following plasma exposure, demonstrated similar trends of decreasing proliferation rates and ATP concentrations as exposure time increased. The investigation demonstrated that plasma exposure increases the propensity of surviving cells to adhere to surfaces. SEM and fluorescence studies showed that plasma‐exposed cells exhibited better cell spreading and cell adhesion.
p‐wave superconductors in dilaton gravity
Authors: Fan Z.Y. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we study peculiar properties of p‐wave superconductors in dilaton gravity. The scale invariance of the bulk geometry is effectively broken due to the existence of a dilaton. By coupling the dilaton to the non‐Abelian gauge field, i.e., ‐1/4 e‐β Φ FaμνFaμν, we find that the dissipative conductivity of the normal phase decreases and approaches zero at the zero frequency as β increases. Intuitively, the system behaves more and more like an insulator. When the hairy solution is turned on, the system crosses a critical point to the superconducting phase. We find that the critical chemical potential decreases with the increasing of β and the maximum height of the conductivity is suppressed gradually which are consistent with our intuition for insulator/supercondutor transition.
Psychosocial Stressors of Sickle Cell Disease on Adult Patients in Cameroon
Authors: Wonkam Ambroise , Mba Caryl Zameyo , Mbanya Dora , Ngogang Jeanne , Ramesar Raj , Angwafo Fru F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a debilitating illness that affects quality of life. Studies of the psychosocial burden of SCD on patients have been rarely reported in Africa. We used a quantitative method, with face‐to‐face administered questionnaires, to study indices of psychosocial stressors on adult SCD patients in Cameroon. The questionnaire included a 36‐item stress factors scale evaluating general perceptions of stress and five main stressors’ domain: disease factors, hospital factors, financial factors, family factors and quality of personal‐life factors. Items pertaining to psychosocial stressors involved four response options with increasing severity: 0, 1, 2 or 3. Non‐parametric tests were used for analysis. The majority of the 83 participants were urban dwellers, female, 20–30 years old, single, unemployed, with at least a secondary or tertiary education. Median age at diagnosis was 100 months; 47.8 % had >3 painful vaso‐oclusive crises annually. Only 4.8 % had been treated with hydroxyurea. The majority reported moderate to severe difficulty coping with SCD. The “degree of clinical severity” category displayed the highest median score (2.0), while familial stressors showed the lowest (0.8). Being female, married, with low education level, an additional affected sibling and low direct income were significantly associated with specific stressors’ categories. In Cameroon, there is an urgent need to implement policies that ensure affordable access to health‐care and practices to reduce SCD morbidity and improve patients’ quality of life.
Bonds of Belonging: Subjecthood and the British Empire
Authors: Muller Hannah Weiss 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the 1760s and 1770s, rancorous struggles over the rights of French Catholic subjects threatened the political and economic stability of Grenada and Quebec, both formerly French colonies ceded to Britain at the close of the Seven Years' War (1756–63). This article analyzes claims of subject status made during those decades, focusing on petitions in which numerous inhabitants made demands for privileges they believed to be their due. These memorials reveal the fundamental role that “new” and “adopted” subjects played in shaping the boundaries of “British” subjecthood, as well as highlight key characteristics that made subjecthood an organizing principle of the mid-eighteenth-century British Empire. Indeed, the bonds between subject and sovereign, the ones articulated and performed each time subjects approached their monarch or his representatives, operated at a symbolic and functional level to integrate an empire that had become increasingly diverse by the 1760s.
The Iceberg and the Cathedral: Encounter, Entanglement, and Isuma in Inuit London
Authors: Thrush Coll 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn 1772, entrepreneur George Cartwright brought five Inuit people to England from Nunatsiavut (Labrador). Most of their time was spent in London, where they encountered many of the city's sights and experienced its social divisions and environmental conditions. This article explores their voyage, challenging the notion that “primitives” such as the Inuit visitors were necessarily awed into submission by the urban landscape. Rather, they understood it according to their own cultural logics and even articulated critiques of the city. Illustrating the entanglement of urban and Inuit spaces and places across the Atlantic, and ending by telling the story of the death of four of the five visitors from smallpox in 1773, the article argues for a new kind of scholarship that shows connections between Indigenous and urban histories at the transoceanic and imperial levels.
The Trouble with Convicts: From Transportation to Penal Servitude, 1840–67
Authors: Harling Philip 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article makes three points about the death throes of convict transportation. First, the quarrel over transportation shows the double-edged nature of the moral critique of empire in the early Victorian era. Metropolitan criticism of transportation had its roots in the same effort to moralize the empire that was seen in the almost contemporaneous assault on slavery. But transportation was deemed too convenient a means of getting rid of criminals for Britons safely to do without it. Second, the Whig government of 1846–52 sought to save transportation by moralizing the convict before shipping him off. By this point, however, the moral objections to transportation in eastern Australia had become so strong as to make the plan untenable. Third, colonial opposition to transportation ultimately left the British government with no choice but to replace it with penal servitude at home, and the debate over crime and punishment that played out over the next decade revealed a waning of faith in convict rehabilitation that manifested itself in a harsher prison regime. In necessitating the rise of penal servitude, the end of transportation makes it clear that the empire mattered very much indeed to the reshaping of British penal policy in the mid-Victorian era.
Citizenship from the Margins: Vernacular Theories of Rights and the State from the Interwar Caribbean
Authors: Putnam Lara 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis essay explores debates over political membership and rights within empire from the interwar British Caribbean. Although no formal status of imperial, British, or colonial citizenship existed in this era, British Caribbeans routinely hailed each other as meritorious local “citizens,” demanded political rights due them as “British citizens,” and decried rulers' failure to treat colored colonials equally with other “citizens” of the empire. In the same years, the hundreds of thousands of British West Indians who labored in circum-Caribbean republics like the United States, Panama, Cuba, Venezuela, and Costa Rica experienced firsthand the international consolidation of formal citizenship as a state-issued credential ensuring mobility and abode. This convergence pushed British Caribbeans at home and abroad to question the costs of political disfranchisement and the place of race within empire. The vernacular political philosophy they developed in response importantly complements the influential theories of citizenship and rights developed by European thinkers of the same generation, such as T. H. Marshall and Hannah Arendt.
Linearized oscillations of a vortex column: the singular eigenfunctions
Authors: Roy Anubhab , Subramanian Ganesh 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn 1880 Lord Kelvin analysed the linearized inviscid oscillations of a Rankine vortex as part of a theory of vortex atoms. These eponymously named neutrally stable modes are, however, exceptional regular oscillations that make up the discrete spectrum of the Rankine vortex. In this paper, we examine the singular oscillations that make up the continuous spectrum (CS) and span the entire base state range of frequencies. In two dimensions, the CS eigenfunctions have a twin-vortex-sheet structure similar to that known from earlier investigations of parallel flows with piecewise linear velocity profiles. The vortex sheets are cylindrical, being threaded by axial lines, with one sheet at the edge of the core and the other at the critical radius in the irrotational exterior; the latter refers to the radial location at which the fluid co-rotates with the eigenmode. In three dimensions, the CS eigenfunctions have core vorticity and may be classified into two families based on the singularity at the critical radius. For the first family, the singularity is a cylindrical vortex sheet threaded by helical vortex lines, while for the second family it has a localized dipole structure with radial vorticity. The presence of perturbation vorticity in the otherwise irrotational exterior implies that the CS modes, unlike the Kelvin modes, offer a modal interpretation for the (linearized) interaction of the Rankine vortex with an external vortical disturbance. It is shown that an arbitrary initial distribution of perturbation vorticity, both in two and three dimensions, may be evolved as a superposition over the discrete and CS modes; this modal representation being equivalent to a solution of the corresponding initial value problem. For the restricted case of an initial axial vorticity distribution in two dimensions, the modal representation may be generalized to a smooth vortex. Finally, for the three-dimensional case, the analogy between rotational flows and stratified shear flows, and the known analytical solution for stratified Couette flow, are used to clarify the singular manner in which the modal superposition for a smooth vortex approaches the Rankine limit.
Analyst Disagreement and Aggregate Volatility Risk
Authors: Barinov Alexander 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper explains why firms with high dispersion of analyst forecasts earn low future returns. These firms beat the capital asset pricing model in periods of increasing aggregate volatility and thereby provide a hedge against aggregate volatility risk. The aggregate volatility risk factor can explain the abnormal return differential between high- and low-disagreement firms. This return differential is higher for firms with abundant real options, and this fact can be explained by aggregate volatility risk. Aggregate volatility risk can also explain why the link between analyst disagreement and future returns is stronger for firms with high short-sale constraints.
Accidental button battery ingestion presenting as croup
Authors: Gohil R , Culshaw J , Jackson P , Singh S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectives:To report a case of misdiagnosis of an impacted oesophageal button battery in a child, and to describe the associated risk factors for impaction and the management of such cases.Case report:An 18-month-old, otherwise fit and well child with stridulous respiration was initially treated for croup. Medical treatment over the course of three months failed, and appropriate imaging subsequently demonstrated an impacted button battery in the upper oesophagus. This was promptly removed. There were no signs of damage on direct visualisation, or on a follow-up contrast swallow image.Conclusion:This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing oesophageal foreign bodies. We also discuss the characteristics of button batteries which confer a greater risk of impaction, and the associated sequelae and complications.
High and low doses of clarithromycin treatment are associated with different clinical efficacies and immunomodulatory properties in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Fan Y , Xu R , Hong H , Luo Q , Xia W , Ding M , Shi J , Lv M , Li H 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground:Low-dose clarithromycin has been recommended for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. However, it is uncertain whether a high dose of clarithromycin is more effective than a low dose.Methods:Forty-three chronic rhinosinusitis patients were randomised to low-dose or high-dose clarithromycin groups, and clinical efficacy was evaluated. Pre- and post-treatment measures included: nasal symptom assessment, endoscopic inspection (Lund–Kennedy system), a quality of life questionnaire (the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20) and examination of cytokine levels (interleukin-5 and -8) in nasal secretions.Results:The high dose of clarithromycin was significantly better in terms of clinical efficacy than the low dose for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (p < 0.025). Significant differences in nasal cytokine levels (interleukin-5 and -8) were also observed between the low-dose and high-dose groups after short-term clarithromycin treatment (p < 0.025).Conclusion:Short-term, high-dose clarithromycin appears to be more effective for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis than low-dose clarithromycin.
Partitioning the etiology of hoarding and obsessive–compulsive symptoms
Authors: Mathews C. A. , Delucchi K. , Cath D. C. , Willemsen G. , Boomsma D. I. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundUntil recently, hoarding was considered an obsessive–compulsive symptom (OCS). However, current evidence suggests that these two phenotypes may be clinically, and perhaps etiologically, distinct. Both hoarding and OCS have a genetic etiology, but the degree of unique and shared genetic contributions to these phenotypes has not been well studied.MethodPrevalence rates were assessed for hoarding and OCS in a sample of adult twin pairs (n = 7906 twins) and their family members from the Netherlands Twin Register (total sample = 15 914). Using Mplus, genetic analyses using liability threshold models were conducted for both phenotypes, for their co-morbidity, and for specific hoarding symptoms (cluttering, discarding and acquiring).ResultsOf the total sample, 6.7% met criteria for clinically significant hoarding; endorsement of all three hoarding symptoms was ⩾79%. Men had slightly higher rates than women. Also, 5.7% met criteria for clinically significant OCS; rates were similar in males and females. Genetic factors accounted for 36% of the variance for hoarding and 40% of the variance for OCS. The genetic correlation between hoarding and OCS was 0.10. There was no evidence of sex-specific genetic contributions for hoarding or OCS. There was evidence for a genetic contribution to all hoarding symptom subtypes. Only cluttering showed evidence of a contribution from the shared environment.ConclusionsOCS and hoarding are common in this population-based sample, have prevalence rates similar to those previously reported, and show significant heritability. Genetic factors contributed to the co-morbidity of both traits, although the genetic correlation between them was low.
Mammalian herbivores in Australia transport nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems via mangroves
Authors: Reef Ruth , Feller Ilka C. , Lovelock Catherine E. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:Nutrient subsidies from one ecosystem to another serve a critical link among ecosystems. The transfer of materials across the terrestrial-to-marine boundary is considered to be driven by hydrological connectivity, but animal movement can provide another pathway for nutrient transfers. In two separate studies we assessed the role mammals (bats and kangaroos) play in alleviating nutrient limitation in mangrove forests in Australia. At Lizard Island, we measured tree growth and foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees growing within and outside a large flying fox roost. In Western Australia, we measured foliar elemental and isotopic composition of trees within two forests frequented by kangaroos that feed in spinifex grasslands and shelter in the shade of the mangroves. We compared those with mangroves from adjacent forests that are not frequented by kangaroos. We show that at both locations, the mangrove forest receives terrestrial nutrient subsidies through animal movement. At Lizard Island dominant mangrove species were significantly enriched in nitrogen within the bat roost, as evidenced by higher foliar N concentrations (by up to 150%), N:P and N:C ratios in trees within the roost compared with trees outside the roost. The isotopic signature of foliar N was significantly enriched in 15N by 1–3‰ within the roost, further suggesting that the source of the N enrichment was the bat roost. Growth rates of mangroves within the roost were nearly six times higher than trees outside the roost. In the arid coast of Western Australia, we show elevated foliar 15N abundance of up to 3‰ in mangroves where kangaroos shelter relative to trees where they do not. Thus, this study presents two examples for mammalian herbivore mediated localized transport of nutrients from terrestrial to marine ecosystems, consequently affecting mangrove tree growth, productivity and forest structure.
On Loewy lengths of blocks
Authors: KOSHITANI SHIGEO , KÜLSHAMMER BURKHARD , SAMBALE BENJAMIN 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe give a lower bound on the Loewy length of a p-block of a finite group in terms of its defect. We then discuss blocks with small Loewy length. Since blocks with Loewy length at most 3 are known, we focus on blocks of Loewy length 4 and provide a relatively short list of possible defect groups. It turns out that p-solvable groups can only admit blocks of Loewy length 4 if p=2. However, we find (principal) blocks of simple groups with Loewy length 4 and defect 1 for all p ≡ 1 (mod 3). We also consider sporadic, symmetric and simple groups of Lie type in defining characteristic. Finally, we give stronger conditions on the Loewy length of a block with cyclic defect group in terms of its Brauer tree.
Potential effect of virus interference on influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates in test-negative designs
Authors: SUZUKI M. , CAMACHO A. , ARIYOSHI K. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYA hypothetical influenza infection-induced non-specific immunity may reduce the risk of subsequent non-influenza respiratory virus (NIRV) infection and bias the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates in test-negative designs (TNDs). We conducted a simulation study using a simple TND model and explored the degree of bias in the VE estimates. The bias was marginal during the usual seasons and most of the time during pandemics; the bias only became large when the influenza infection attack rate increased to pandemic levels (>50%), the true VE was low to moderate, and the non-specific immunity almost completely protected from NIRV infections and lasted at least half the influenza season.