bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work that body: Distinguishing an authentic middle-aged gay self
Authors: Simpson Paul 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Theorizing gay men’s sartorial tastes as a distinguishing marker from heterosexual men has neglected the way midlife gay men differentiate themselves through self-presentation from other gay men and how they respond to ageing and gay ageism. Based on interviews with gay men living in Manchester and observation sessions in its ‘gay village’, I examine what midlife gay men’s body management practices say about the construction of ageing and the discourse of ageism in local gay culture. I focus mainly on moral claims to bodily authenticity, which differentiate midlife gay men from younger or older gay men and indicate the multidirectional operation of gay ageism. Claims to authentic midlife self-presentation and sexual citizenship work in three ways: first, through reproducing ageism, especially a reverse ageism; second, by introducing ambivalences that indicate negotiation with gay ageing and ageism; and third, using resources of ageing like ‘ageing capital’ and at times age-related ‘technologies of the self’, ageism is subverted by critiquing it and re-claiming the value of age.
Fashion cultures in a small town: An analysis of fashion- and place-making
Authors: Green Denise Nicole , Lewis Van Dyk , Jirousek Charlotte 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In her introduction to this issue, Kaiser advances a perspective that highlights dimensions of place and time in a dynamic and non-stereotypical way. Rather than treating these dimensions as background factors in the architecture of interaction context, she critically unpacks the ways in which time and place impact individual and collective fashion meanings. In our article we draw on Kaiser’s focus by using ethnographic methods to investigate how fashion is ‘produced’ to convey identification with place, group and/or a temporary alliance in a rural community where landscape is constitutive of social configurations and the student population is always transient. To that end we replace the notion of fixed visual identities with phatic communities, which are ad hoc groupings sharing a cause or a circumstance (Tseëlon 2010). Next, we address the problem of how to preserve the meanings and looks of ad hoc fashions, which exist in a constant state of change. We apply the logic of phatic communities to the building of a museum collection, which has to meet the challenge of capturing a fleeting and evolving phenomenon without freezing it into fixed categories. Contrary to the logic of traditional museums, a museum documenting ongoing clothing changes invites a different mode of engagement: one that is participatory and interactive. Finally, our conception of the sartorial museum, which documents changing time in a particular place, replaces the notion of the museum as a ‘space of death’ with the notion of a ‘space of regeneration’. The regeneration is the recycling, which repositions clothes in a ‘second life’.
Black-Box Hartree–Fock Solver by Tensor Numerical Methods
Authors: Khoromskaia Venera 
Published: November 2013

Abstract.
The Hartree–Fock eigenvalue problem governed by the 3D integro-differential operator
is the basic model in ab initio electronic structure calculations.
Several years ago the idea to solve the Hartree–Fock equation by a
fully 3D grid based numerical approach seemed to be a fantasy, and
the tensor-structured methods did not exist.
In fact, these methods evolved during the work on this challenging problem.
In this paper, our recent results on the topic are outlined
and the black-box Hartree–Fock solver by tensor numerical methods is presented.
The approach is based on the rank-structured calculation of the
core hamiltonian and of the two-electron integrals tensor
using the problem adapted basis functions discretized on $n\times n\times n$ 3D Cartesian
grids. The arising 3D convolution transforms with the Newton kernel are
replaced by a combination of 1D convolutions and 1D Hadamard and scalar products.
The approach allows huge spatial grids, with $n^3\simeq 10^{15}$,
yielding high resolution at low cost.
The two-electron integrals are computed via multiple factorizations.
The Laplacian Galerkin matrix can be computed “on-the-fly” using the quantized
tensor approximation of $O(\log n)$ complexity.
The performance of the black-box solver in Matlab implementation is compatible with the benchmark
packages based on the analytical (pre)evaluation of the multidimensional convolution integrals.
We present ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations of the ground state energy
for the amino acid molecules, and of the “energy bands” for the model examples
of extended (quasi-periodic) systems.
Analysis of lignin and extractives in the oak wood of the 17th century warship Vasa
Authors: Dedic Dina , Sandberg Teresia , Iversen Tommy , Larsson Tomas , Ek Monica 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The wood in the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa is weak. A depolymerization of the wood’s cellulose has been linked to the weakening, but the chemical mechanisms are yet unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the lignin and tannin moieties of the wood to clarify whether the depolymerization of cellulose via ongoing oxidative mechanisms is indeed the main reason for weakening the wood in the Vasa. Lignin was analyzed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C NMR] and by means of wet chemical degradation (thioacidolysis) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the products. No differences could be observed between the Vasa samples and the reference samples that could have been ascribed to extensive lignin degradation. Wood extracts (tannins) were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) combined with time-of-flight (TOF) MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The wood of the Vasa contained no discernible amounts of tannins, whereas still-waterlogged Vasa wood contained ellagic acid and traces of castalagin/vescalagin and grandinin. The results indicate that the condition of lignin in the Vasa wood is similar to fresh oak and that potentially harmful tannins are not present in high amounts. Thus, oxidative degradation mechanisms are not supported as a primary route to cellulose depolymerization.
DNA barcoding for identification of the endangered species Aquilaria sinensis: comparison of data from heated or aged wood samples
Authors: Jiao Lichao , Yin Yafang , Cheng Yeming , Jiang Xiaomei 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg is an evergreen tree and produces agarwood used for incense and as a uniquely precious medicine. It is in danger of disappearing due to illegal logging and its identification and protection is crucial. However, it is difficult or impossible to distinguish A. sinensis from other species of the genus Aquilaria Lam. and its closely related genus Gyrinops Gaertn. based on wood anatomical characteristics. Probably, DNA barcoding technology might provide an improvement in species identification. In this study, wood samples were tested, which were submitted to high-temperature drying and were stored for a long period in a xylarium. The factors should be identified that hinder the efficiency of wood DNA extraction from this species. The results indicate that the DNA from the wood tissues could be successfully amplified, apart from some DNA regions from the heartwood of the dried samples and the xylarium samples. The DNA sequences from the wood tissues mostly matched with the sequences of A. sinensis deposited in the GenBank. Moreover, analyses of phylogenetic trees based on trnL-trnF and ITS1 regions indicated that the wood tissues in the tests clustered together with the A. sinensis species from the GenBank, with bootstrap values of 74% and 94%, respectively. Consequently, it is feasible to identify A. sinensis wood on a species level based on the DNA barcoding technology.
Accounting for Legal Pluralism: The Impact of Pre-colonial Institutions on Crime
Authors: Larcom Shaun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of non-state legal institutions on crime by exploiting differences in pre-colonial legal institutions. In relation to criminal law, it is suggested that colonisation can be best characterised as the imposition of almost identical criminal law on a diverse set of pre-existing legal institutions; in this sense, this analysis inverts the legal origins and institutions literature. Given that remnants of pre-colonial institutions persist, it is suggested that the type of pre-colonial legal institution should have a direct effect on state crime control and the crime rate. This is so, as societies that were relatively stateless prior to colonisation are more likely to have high magnitude non-state sanctions that can act as substitutes for state punishments, but the presence of such non-state legal institutions also reduces the productivity of state enforcement, contributing to an overall increase in crime. This is tested using a measure for pre-colonial institutions on a dataset of 86 post-colonial states. Private enforcement of high magnitude punishments, despite the deterrent effect, results in a net increase in crime.
TheAspergillus nidulansATM Kinase Regulates Mitochondrial Function, Glucose Uptake and the Carbon Starvation Response
Authors: Krohn Nadia Graciele , Brown Neil Andrew , Colabardini Ana Cristina , Reis Thaila , Savoldi Marcela , Dinamarco Taísa Magnani , Goldman Maria Helena S , Goldman Gustavo Henrique 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMitochondria supply cellular energy and also perform a role in the adaptation to metabolic stress. In mammals, the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase acts as a redox sensor controlling mitochondrial function. Subsequently, transcriptomic and genetic studies were utilized to elucidate the role played by a fungal ATM homolog during carbon starvation. In Aspergillus nidulans, AtmA was shown to control mitochondrial function and glucose uptake. Carbon starvation responses that are regulated by target of rapamycin (TOR) were shown to be AtmA-dependent, including autophagy and hydrolytic enzyme secretion. AtmA also regulated a p53-like transcription factor, XprG, inhibiting starvation-induced XprG-dependent protease secretion and cell death. Thus, AtmA possibly represents a direct or indirect link between mitochondrial stress, metabolism, and growth through the influence of TOR and XprG function. The coordination of cell growth and division with nutrient availability is crucial for all microorganisms to successfully proliferate in a heterogeneous environment. Mitochondria supply cellular energy but also perform a role in the adaptation to metabolic stress and the cross-talk between prosurvival and prodeath pathways. The present study of Aspergillus nidulans demonstrated that AtmA also controlled mitochondrial mass, function, and oxidative phosphorylation, which directly or indirectly influenced glucose uptake. Carbon starvation responses, including autophagy, shifting metabolism to the glyoxylate cycle, and the secretion of carbon scavenging enzymes were AtmA-dependent. Transcriptomic profiling of the carbon starvation response demonstrated how TOR signaling and the retrograde response, which signals mitochondrial dysfunction, were directly or indirectly influenced by AtmA. The AtmA kinase was also shown to influence a p53-like transcription factor, inhibiting starvation-induced XprG-dependent protease secretion and cell death. Therefore, in response to metabolic stress, AtmA appears to perform a role in the regulation of TOR signaling, involving the retrograde and SnfA pathways. Thus, AtmA may represent a link between mitochondrial function and cell cycle or growth, possibly through the influence of the TOR and XprG function.
A High-Density Gene Map of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taedaL.) Based on Exome Sequence Capture Genotyping
Authors: Neves Leandro Gomide , Davis John M , Barbazuk William B , Kirst Matias 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLoblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is an economically and ecologically important conifer for which a suite of genomic resources is being generated. Despite recent attempts to sequence the large genome of conifers, their assembly and the positioning of genes remains largely incomplete. The interspecific synteny in pines suggests that a gene-based map would be useful to support genome assemblies and analysis of conifers. To establish a reference gene-based genetic map, we performed exome sequencing of 14729 genes on a mapping population of 72 haploid samples, generating a resource of 7434 sequence variants segregating for 3787 genes. Most markers are single-nucleotide polymorphisms, although short insertions/deletions and multiple nucleotide polymorphisms also were used. Marker segregation in the population was used to generate a high-density, gene-based genetic map. A total of 2841 genes were mapped to pine’s 12 linkage groups with an average of one marker every 0.58 cM. Capture data were used to detect gene presence/absence variations and position 65 genes on the map. We compared the marker order of genes previously mapped in loblolly pine and found high agreement. We estimated that 4123 genes had enough sequencing depth for reliable detection of markers, suggesting a high marker conversation rate of 92% (3787/4123). This is possible because a significant portion of the gene is captured and sequenced, increasing the chances of identifying a polymorphic site for characterization and mapping. This sub-centiMorgan genetic map provides a valuable resource for gene positioning on chromosomes and guide for the assembly of a reference pine genome.
Chemical Suppression of Defects in Mitotic Spindle Assembly, Redox Control, and Sterol Biosynthesis by Hydroxyurea
Authors: McCulley Andrew , Haarer Brian , Viggiano Susan , Karchin Joshua , Feng Wenyi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We describe the results of a systematic search for a class of hitherto-overlooked chemical-genetic interactions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, which exists between a detrimental genetic mutation and a chemical/drug that can ameliorate, rather than exacerbate, that detriment. We refer to this type of interaction as “chemical suppression.” Our work was driven by the hypothesis that genome instability in a certain class of mutants could be alleviated by mild replication inhibition using chemicals/drugs. We queried a collection of conditionally lethal, i.e., temperature-sensitive, alleles representing 40% of the yeast essential genes for those mutants whose growth defect can be suppressed by hydroxyurea (HU), known as a potent DNA replication inhibitor, at the restrictive temperature. Unexpectedly, we identified a number of mutants defective in diverse cellular pathways other than DNA replication. Here we report that HU suppresses selected mutants defective in the kinetochore-microtubule attachment pathway during mitotic chromosome segregation. HU also suppresses an ero1-1 mutant defective for a thiol oxidase of the endoplasmic reticulum by providing oxidation equivalents. Finally, we report that HU suppresses an erg26-1 mutant defective for a C-3 sterol dehydrogenase through regulating iron homeostasis and in turn impacting ergosterol biosynthesis. We further demonstrate that cells carrying the erg26-1 mutation show an increased rate of mitochondrial DNA loss and delayed G1 to S phase transition. We conclude that systematic gathering of a compendium of “chemical suppression” of yeast mutants by genotoxic drugs will not only enable the identification of novel functions of both chemicals and genes, but also have profound implications in cautionary measures of anticancer intervention in humans.
Scale-Inhibitor Consumption in Long-Term Static Barium Sulfate Inhibition Efficiency Tests
Authors: Shaw S.S.. S. , Sorbie K.S.. S. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
In typical bulk barite inhibition-efficiency (IE) experiments testing scale inhibitors (SIs), the IE is determined by comparing the concentrations of the barium ion in the mix to that in an uninhibited "blank" solution. That is, [Ba2+] vs. time is monitored for both a blank and an inhibited solution. The fate of the SI itself over this test time period is rarely monitored, although this can give some important insights into the inhibition mechanism. This paper presents a series of long-term (up to 96 hours) barium sulfate static IE experiments in which both the supernatant SI concentration, [SI], and [Ba2+] are assayed at multiple sampling times after initial mixing of seawater (SW) and formation-water (FW) brines. In standard IE tests to determine SI minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC), sampling is normally carried out at 2 hours and 22 hours only. The long-term IE experiments described in this paper involve up to eleven sampling times, typically at t = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 22, 48, 72, and 96 hours after mixing.
The aim of this type of experiment is to determine the fate of the SI over time and to determine whether the IE and percentage of SI (%SI) in solution vs. time profiles correlate with each other. Clearly, SI removed from solution is consumed into the forming barium sulfate lattice in the barite precipitate. IE and solution SI often continue to decline beyond 22 hours, up to 96 hours after the mixing stage. In these experiments, the SI concentration is set at a pre-2-hour MIC threshold concentration, such that the IE and %SI consumption profiles will both decline sufficiently over time, possibly even as early as one-half hour after mixing. The SI consumption profiles obtained by testing an extensive range of phosphonate and polymeric SIs are compared and discussed. Normally, a phosphorus-containing SI is selected for evaluation to facilitate assay of SI by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. However, some novel results are also presented in which selected polymeric SIs were assayed by non-ICP analytical techniques. We interpret this extensive series of SI lattice-consumption experiments in terms of the mechanisms of barite inhibition and Type 1/Type 2 SI classifications presented in previous papers (Shaw et al. 2012a, b). The relevance and practical application of these findings are also discussed.
Gas-Rate Forecasting in Boundary-Dominated Flow: Constant-Bottomhole-Pressure Decline Analysis by Use of Rescaled Exponential Models
Authors: Zhang M.. , Ayala H. L.F.. F. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Gas-well performance forecasting during boundary-dominated flow (BDF) is largely based on the application of pseudopressure, pseudotime, and material-balance-pseudotime concepts to rate, pressure, and time data. Recently, Ayala H. and Ye (2012; 2013) and Ye and Ayala H. (2013) demonstrated the convenience and importance of a rescaled exponential model that successfully forecasted gas-well decline in BDF by use of density-based dimensionless parameters in place of pseudovariables. In this study, the interdependability and interchangeability of these methodologies is formally demonstrated with a rigorous derivation for rescaled exponential models on the basis of fundamental physical principles applicable to BDF conditions. The rescaled exponential equation is demonstrated to be a rigorous rate/time equation modeling gas-rate decline in wells produced against a constant-bottomhole-pressure specification. The proposed BDF decline equation is shown to be able to be expressed in terms of a dimensionless fluid parameter (B¯) that quantifies the μgcg dependency on density for the depletion process of interest, which has been directly tied to the hyperbolic decline coefficient experienced by a declining gas well. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the rescaled exponential model for gas-rate forecasting for wells producing at a constant bottomhole pressure, and its performance is compared with all other available models in the literature.
Metallurgical and electrochemical characterization of contemporary silver-based soldering alloys
Authors: Ntasi Argyro , Jabbari Youssef Al , Mueller Wolf Dieter , Eliades George , Zinelis Spiros 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the microstructure, hardness, and electrochemical behavior of four contemporary Ag-based soldering alloys used for manufacturing orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods:
The Ag-based alloys tested were Dentaurum Universal Silver Solder (DEN), Orthodontic Solders (LEO), Ortho Dental Universal Solder (NOB), and Silver Solder (ORT). Five disk-shaped specimens were produced for each alloy, and after metallographic preparation their microstructural features, elemental composition, and hardness were determined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Vickers hardness testing. The electrochemical properties were evaluated by anodic potentiodynamic scanning in 0.9% NaCl and Ringer's solutions. Hardness, corrosion current (Icorr), and corrosion potential (Ecorr) were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α  =  .05).

Results:
EDX analysis showed that all materials belong to the Ag-Zn-Cu ternary system. Three different mean atomic contrast phases were identified for LEO and ORT and two for DEN and NOB. According to XRD analysis, all materials consisted of Ag-rich and Cu-rich face-centered cubic phases. Hardness testing classified the materials in descending order as follows: DEN, 155 ± 3; NOB, 149 ± 3; ORT, 141 ± 4; and LEO, 136 ± 8. Significant differences were found for Icorr of NOB in Ringer's solution and Ecorr of DEN in 0.9% NaCl solution.

Conclusion:
Ag-based soldering alloys demonstrate great diversity in their elemental composition, phase size and distribution, hardness, and electrochemical properties. These differences may anticipate variations in their clinical performance.
Lower Glucose Variability and Hypoglycemia Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Novel Long-Acting Insulin LY2605541 Versus Insulin Glargine
Authors: Bergenstal Richard M. , Rosenstock Julio , Bastyr Edward J. , Prince Melvin J. , Qu Yongming , Jacober Scott J. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
To use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate the impact of the novel, long-acting basal insulin analog LY2605541 on hypoglycemia and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Hypoglycemia and glucose variability were assessed with CGM of interstitial glucose (IG) in a subset of patients with type 2 diabetes from a phase II, randomized, open-label, parallel study of LY2605541 (n = 51) or insulin glargine (GL) (n = 25). CGM was conducted on 3 consecutive days (72–84 h) during the week before week 0, 6, and 12 study visits.

RESULTS
Measured by CGM for 3 days prior to the 12-week visit, fewer LY2605541-treated patients experienced hypoglycemic events overall (50.0 vs. 78.3%, P = 0.036) and nocturnally (20.5 vs. 47.8%, P = 0.027) and spent less time with IG ≤70 mg/dL than GL-treated patients during the 24-h (25 ± 6 vs. 83 ± 16 min, P = 0.012) and nocturnal periods (11 ± 5 vs. 38 ± 13 min, P = 0.024). These observations were detected without associated differences in the average duration of individual hypoglycemic episodes (LY2605541 compared with GL 57.2 ± 5.4 vs. 69.9 ± 10.2 min per episode, P = NS). Additionally, LY2605541-treated patients had lower within-day glucose SD for both 24-h and nocturnal periods.

CONCLUSIONS
By CGM, LY2605541 treatment compared with GL resulted in fewer patients with hypoglycemic events and less time in the hypoglycemic range and was not associated with protracted hypoglycemia.