bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“If you want to understand something, try to change it”: Social-psychological interventions to cultivate resilience
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe argue that social psychology has unique potential for advancing understanding of resilience. An exciting development that illustrates this is the emergence ofsocial-psychological interventions– brief, stealthy, and psychologically precise interventions – that can yield broad and lasting benefits by targeting key resilience mechanisms. Such interventions provide a causal test of resilience mechanisms and bring about positive change in people's lives.
The self in its social context: Why resilience needs company
Authors: IJzerman Hans , Lindenberg Siegwart 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn their target article, Kalisch et al. explicate an appraisal-based model to explain how people bounce back from stress. We posit that for their model, it is crucial to understand the begin-state φ (the “self”) – a state that is shaped by early social thermoregulation and through the social network.
Are positive appraisals always adaptive?
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe authors provide an original and integrative framework for understanding the complex array of factors that contribute to resilience. Their faith in the uniform benefits of positive appraisals neglects the potential costs of overly positive appraisals, however. As a result, their theory may have difficulty capturing the complexity of appraisal's role in determining resilience.
Broadening the definition of resilience and “reappraising” the use of appetitive motivation
Authors: Soenke Melissa , O'Connor Mary-Frances , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKalisch et al.'s PASTOR model synthesizes current knowledge of resilience, focusing on mechanisms as a common pathway to outcomes and highlighting neuroscience as a method for exploring this. We propose the model broaden its definition of resiliency to include positive indices of recovery, include positive affect as a mechanism, and approach motivation as distinct from overcoming aversive motivation.
Beyond resilience: Positive mental health and the nature of cognitive processes involved in positive appraisals
Authors: Vázquez Carmelo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough the PASTOR model provides a comprehensive framework to study resilience, it faces some challenges. First, some higher-order concepts (e.g., meaning) may be difficult to model in the laboratory. Second, defining resilience as an absence of pathology might be conceptually restrictive. Finally, the proposal that the severity of the event is associated to different appraisal mechanisms needs further evidence.
Luck or luxury? Possible corruption in the car registration process in the Czech Republic
Authors: Bolcha Peter , Rovný Jan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResearch into the detection of fraud and corruption has brought many new insights in recent decades, partly thanks to a decrease in the costs of data collection and processing. However, access to data often remains an issue, especially when fraud or corruption seems to be present. This article applies a simple detection method focussing on possible manipulations in the car registration process in the Czech Republic, where car registration plates are allegedly assigned in random order. As access to official data was denied, we collected data in the field for a random sample of 5,000 cars, and used this to examine the existence of statistical relationships between the cars’ estimated price at registration and their registration plate numbers. The results show that cars with intuitively appealing registration plates are on average significantly more expensive than other cars. Moreover, this price difference corresponds to the relative scarcity of the given type of registration plate number, which could be a sign of discretionary behaviour in the allocation of such plates.
Piezoresistivity in single DNA molecules
Authors: Bruot Christopher , Palma Julio L. , Xiang Limin , Mujica Vladimiro , Ratner Mark A. , Tao Nongjian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPiezoresistivity is a fundamental property of materials that has found many device applications. Here we report piezoresistivity in double helical DNA molecules. By studying the dependence of molecular conductance and piezoresistivity of single DNA molecules with different sequences and lengths, and performing molecular orbital calculations, we show that the piezoresistivity of DNA is caused by force-induced changes in the π–π electronic coupling between neighbouring bases, and in the activation energy of hole hopping. We describe the results in terms of thermal activated hopping model together with the ladder-based mechanical model for DNA proposed by de Gennes.
Shot noise generated by graphene p–n junctions in the quantum Hall effect regime
Authors: Kumada N. , Parmentier F. D. , Hibino H. , Glattli D. C. , Roulleau P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGraphene offers a unique system to investigate transport of Dirac Fermions at p–n junctions. In a magnetic field, combination of quantum Hall physics and the characteristic transport across p–n junctions leads to a fractionally quantized conductance associated with the mixing of electron-like and hole-like modes and their subsequent partitioning. The mixing and partitioning suggest that a p–n junction could be used as an electronic beam splitter. Here we report the shot noise study of the mode-mixing process and demonstrate the crucial role of the p–n junction length. For short p–n junctions, the amplitude of the noise is consistent with an electronic beam-splitter behaviour, whereas, for longer p–n junctions, it is reduced by the energy relaxation. Remarkably, the relaxation length is much larger than typical size of mesoscopic devices, encouraging using graphene for electron quantum optics and quantum information processing.
Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2
Authors: Gleason A. E. , Bolme C. A. , Lee H. J. , Nagler B. , Galtier E. , Milathianaki D. , Hawreliak J. , Kraus R. G. , Eggert J. H. , Fratanduono D. E. , Collins G. W. , Sandberg R. , Yang W. , Mao W. L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPressure- and temperature-induced phase transitions have been studied for more than a century but very little is known about the non-equilibrium processes by which the atoms rearrange. Shock compression generates a nearly instantaneous propagating high-pressure/temperature condition while in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) probes the time-dependent atomic arrangement. Here we present in situ pump–probe XRD measurements on shock-compressed fused silica, revealing an amorphous to crystalline high-pressure stishovite phase transition. Using the size broadening of the diffraction peaks, the growth of nanocrystalline stishovite grains is resolved on the nanosecond timescale just after shock compression. At applied pressures above 18 GPa the nuclueation of stishovite appears to be kinetically limited to 1.4±0.4 ns. The functional form of this grain growth suggests homogeneous nucleation and attachment as the growth mechanism. These are the first observations of crystalline grain growth in the shock front between low- and high-pressure states via XRD.
Nanoscale imaging of buried topological defects with quantitative X-ray magnetic microscopy
Authors: Blanco-Roldán C. , Quirós C. , Sorrentino A. , Hierro-Rodríguez A. , Álvarez-Prado L. M. , Valcárcel R. , Duch M. , Torras N. , Esteve J. , Martín J. I. , Vélez M. , Alameda J. M. , Pereiro E. , Ferrer S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdvances in nanoscale magnetism increasingly require characterization tools providing detailed descriptions of magnetic configurations. Magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy produces element specific magnetic domain images with nanometric lateral resolution in films up to ∼100 nm thick. Here we present an imaging method using the angular dependence of magnetic contrast in a series of high resolution transmission X-ray microscopy images to obtain quantitative descriptions of the magnetization (canting angles relative to surface normal and sense). This method is applied to 55–120 nm thick ferromagnetic NdCo5 layers (canting angles between 65° and 22°), and to a NdCo5 film covered with permalloy. Interestingly, permalloy induces a 43° rotation of Co magnetization towards surface normal. Our method allows identifying complex topological defects (merons or ½ skyrmions) in a NdCo5 film that are only partially replicated by the permalloy overlayer. These results open possibilities for the characterization of deeply buried magnetic topological defects, nanostructures and devices.
An 80 kyr-long continuous speleothem record from Dim Cave, SW Turkey with paleoclimatic implications for the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Ünal-İmer Ezgi , Shulmeister James , Zhao Jian-Xin , Tonguç Uysal I. , Feng Yue-Xing , Duc Nguyen Ai , Yüce Galip 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpeleothem-based stable isotope records are valuable in sub-humid and semi-arid settings where many other terrestrial climate proxies are fragmentary. The Eastern Mediterranean is one such region. Here we present an 80-kyr-long precisely-dated (by U-series) and high-resolution oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) records from Dim Cave (~36°N) in SW Turkey. The glacial-interglacial δ18O variations in the Dim Cave speleothem are best explained in terms of changes in the trajectories of winter westerly air masses. These are along a northerly (European) track (isotopically less depleted) during the early last glaciation but are gradually depressed southward closer to the modern westerly track along the North African coast (more depleted) after c.50 kyr and remain in the southern track through the Last Glacial Maximum. The southward displacement of the westerly track reflects growth of the Fennoscandian ice sheet and its impact on westerly wind fields. Changes in δ13C are interpreted as reflecting soil organic matter composition and/or thickness. δ13C values are significantly more negative in interglacials reflecting active carbonic acid production in the soil and less negative in glacial times reflecting carbonate rock values. Several Heinrich events are recorded in the Dim record indicating intensification of westerly flow across this part of the EM.
Binding interface between the Salmonella σS/RpoS subunit of RNA polymerase and Crl: hints from bacterial species lacking crl
Authors: Cavaliere Paola , Sizun Christina , Levi-Acobas Fabienne , Nowakowski Mireille , Monteil Véronique , Bontems François , Bellalou Jacques , Mayer Claudine , Norel Françoise 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn many Gram-negative bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), the sigma factor RpoS/σS accumulates during stationary phase of growth and associates with the core RNA polymerase enzyme (E) to promote transcription initiation of genes involved in general stress resistance and starvation survival. Whereas σ factors are usually inactivated upon interaction with anti-σ proteins, σS binding to the Crl protein increases σS activity by favouring its association to E. Taking advantage of evolution of the σS sequence in bacterial species that do not contain a crl gene, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we identified and assigned a critical arginine residue in σS to the S. Typhimurium σS-Crl binding interface. We solved the solution structure of S. Typhimurium Crl by NMR and used it for NMR binding assays with σS and to generate in silico models of the σS-Crl complex constrained by mutational analysis. The σS-Crl models suggest that the identified arginine in σS interacts with an aspartate of Crl that is required for σS binding and is located inside a cavity enclosed by flexible loops, which also contribute to the interface. This study provides the basis for further structural investigation of the σS-Crl complex.
Amlexanox Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss
Authors: Zhang Yong , Guan Hanfeng , Li Jing , Fang Zhong , Chen Wenjian , Li Feng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe activity of protein kinases IKK-ε and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) has been shown to be associated with inflammatory diseases. As an inhibitor of IKK-ε and TBK1, amlexanox is an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulator and used for treatment of ulcer, allergic rhinitis and asthma in clinic. We hypothesized that amlexanox may be used for treatment of osteoclast-related diseases which frequently associated with a low grade of systemic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of amlexanox on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomy-mediated bone loss in vivo. In primary bone marrow derived macrophages (BMMs), amlexanox inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption. At the molecular level, amlexanox suppressed RANKL-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), c-Fos and NFATc1. Amlexanox decreased the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including TRAP, MMP9, Cathepsin K and NFATc1. Moreover, amlexanox enhanced osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs. In ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model, amlexanox prevented OVX-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclast activity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that amlexanox suppresses osteoclastogenesis and prevents OVX-induced bone loss. Therefore, amlexanox may be considered as a new therapeutic candidate for osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Low-Energy Electron Potentiometry: Contactless Imaging of Charge Transport on the Nanoscale
Authors: Kautz J. , Jobst J. , Sorger C. , Tromp R. M. , Weber H. B. , van der Molen S. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCharge transport measurements form an essential tool in condensed matter physics. The usual approach is to contact a sample by two or four probes, measure the resistance and derive the resistivity, assuming homogeneity within the sample. A more thorough understanding, however, requires knowledge of local resistivity variations. Spatially resolved information is particularly important when studying novel materials like topological insulators, where the current is localized at the edges, or quasi-two-dimensional (2D) systems, where small-scale variations can determine global properties. Here, we demonstrate a new method to determine spatially-resolved voltage maps of current-carrying samples. This technique is based on low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and is therefore quick and non-invasive. It makes use of resonance-induced contrast, which strongly depends on the local potential. We demonstrate our method using single to triple layer graphene. However, it is straightforwardly extendable to other quasi-2D systems, most prominently to the upcoming class of layered van der Waals materials.
Whole-genome Sequencing for Tracing the Transmission Link between Two ARD Outbreaks Caused by a Novel HAdV Serotype 7 Variant, China
Authors: Qiu Shaofu , Li Peng , Liu Hongbo , Wang Yong , Liu Nan , Li Chengyi , Li Shenlong , Li Ming , Jiang Zhengjie , Sun Huandong , Li Ying , Xie Jing , Yang Chaojie , Wang Jian , Li Hao , Yi Shengjie , Wu Zhihao , Jia Leili , Wang Ligui , Hao Rongzhang , Sun Yansong , Huang Liuyu , Ma Hui , Yuan Zhengquan , Song Hongbin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrom December 2012 to February 2013, two outbreaks of acute respiratory disease caused by HAdV-7 were reported in China. We investigated possible transmission links between these two seemingly unrelated outbreaks by integration of epidemiological and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. WGS analyses showed that the HAdV-7 isolates from the two outbreaks were genetically indistinguishable; however, a 12 bp deletion in the virus-associated RNA gene distinguished the outbreak isolates from other HAdV-7 isolates. Outbreak HAdV-7 isolates demonstrated increased viral replication compared to non-outbreak associated HAdV-7 isolate. Epidemiological data supported that the first outbreak was caused by introduction of the novel HAdV-7 virus by an infected recruit upon arrival at the training base. Nosocomial transmission by close contacts was the most likely source leading to onset of the second HAdV-7 outbreak, establishing the apparent transmission link between the outbreaks. Our findings imply that in-hospital contact investigations should be encouraged to reduce or interrupt further spread of infectious agents when treating outbreak cases and WGS can provide useful information guiding infection-control interventions.
Photoluminescence studies of a perceived white light emission from a monolithic InGaN/GaN quantum well structure
Authors: Ben Sedrine N. , Esteves T. C. , Rodrigues J. , Rino L. , Correia M. R. , Sequeira M. C. , Neves A. J. , Alves E. , Bockowski M. , Edwards P. R. , O’Donnell K. P. , Lorenz K. , Monteiro T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate by photoluminescence studies white light emission from a monolithic InGaN/GaN single quantum well structure grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. As-grown and thermally annealed samples at high temperature (1000 °C, 1100 °C and 1200 °C) and high pressure (1.1 GPa) were analysed by spectroscopic techniques and the annealing effect on the photoluminescence is deeply explored. Under laser excitation of 3.8 eV at room temperature, the as-grown structure exhibits two main emission bands: a yellow band peaked at 2.14 eV and a blue band peaked at 2.8 eV resulting in white light perception. Interestingly, the stability of the white light is preserved after annealing at the lowest temperature (1000 °C), but suppressed for higher temperatures due to a deterioration of the blue quantum well emission. Moreover, the control of the yellow/blue bands intensity ratio, responsible for the white colour coordinate temperatures, could be achieved after annealing at 1000 °C. The room temperature white emission is studied as a function of incident power density and the correlated colour temperature values are found to be in the warm white range: 3260–4000 K.
Circadian Modulation of 8-Oxoguanine DNA Damage Repair
Authors: Manzella Nicola , Bracci Massimo , Strafella Elisabetta , Staffolani Sara , Ciarapica Veronica , Copertaro Alfredo , Rapisarda Venerando , Ledda Caterina , Amati Monica , Valentino Matteo , Tomasetti Marco , Stevens Richard G. , Santarelli Lory 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe DNA base excision repair pathway is the main system involved in the removal of oxidative damage to DNA such as 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) primarily via the 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Our goal was to investigate whether the repair of 8-oxoG DNA damage follow a circadian rhythm. In a group of 15 healthy volunteers, we found a daily variation of Ogg1 expression and activity with higher levels in the morning compared to the evening hours. Consistent with this, we also found lower levels of 8-oxoG in morning hours compared to those in the evening hours. Lymphocytes exposed to oxidative damage to DNA at 8:00 AM display lower accumulation of 8-oxoG than lymphocytes exposed at 8:00 PM. Furthermore, altered levels of Ogg1 expression were also observed in a group of shift workers experiencing a deregulation of circadian clock genes compared to a control group. Moreover, BMAL1 knockdown fibroblasts with a deregulated molecular clock showed an abolishment of circadian variation of Ogg1 expression and an increase of OGG1 activity. Our results suggest that the circadian modulation of 8-oxoG DNA damage repair, according to a variation of Ogg1 expression, could render humans less susceptible to accumulate 8-oxoG DNA damage in the morning hours.
Reduced greenhouse gas mitigation potential of no-tillage soils through earthworm activity
Authors: Lubbers Ingrid M. , Jan van Groenigen Kees , Brussaard Lijbert , van Groenigen Jan Willem 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConcerns about rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations have spurred the promotion of no-tillage practices as a means to stimulate carbon storage and reduce CO2emissions in agro-ecosystems. Recent research has ignited debate about the effect of earthworms on the GHG balance of soil. It is unclear how earthworms interact with soil management practices, making long-term predictions on their effect in agro-ecosystems problematic. Here we show, in a unique two-year experiment, that earthworm presence increases the combined cumulative emissions of CO2and N2O from a simulated no-tillage (NT) system to the same level as a simulated conventional tillage (CT) system. We found no evidence for increased soil C storage in the presence of earthworms. Because NT agriculture stimulates earthworm presence, our results identify a possible biological pathway for the limited potential of no-tillage soils with respect to GHG mitigation.
Seasonal copepod lipid pump promotes carbon sequestration in the deep North Atlantic
Authors: Jónasdóttir Sigrún Huld , Visser André W. , Richardson Katherine , Heath Michael R. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Every autumn across the North Atlantic, large numbers of zooplankton copepods migrate from the surface waters into the ocean's interior to hibernate at depths of 600–1,400 m. Through this migration, they actively transport lipid carbon to below the permanent thermocline, where it is metabolized at a rate comparable to the carbon delivered by sinking detritus. This “lipid pump” has not been included in previous estimates of the deep-ocean carbon sequestration, which are based on either measurements of sinking fluxes of detritus, or estimates of new primary production. Unlike other components of the biological pump, the lipid pump does not strip the surface ocean of nutrients, and decouples carbon sequestration from nutrient replenishment, a process we term the “lipid shunt.”
Large-scale extraction of gene interactions from full-text literature using DeepDive
Authors: Mallory Emily K. , Zhang Ce , Ré Christopher , Altman Russ B. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: A complete repository of gene–gene interactions is key for understanding cellular processes, human disease and drug response. These gene–gene interactions include both protein–protein interactions and transcription factor interactions. The majority of known interactions are found in the biomedical literature. Interaction databases, such as BioGRID and ChEA, annotate these gene–gene interactions; however, curation becomes difficult as the literature grows exponentially. DeepDive is a trained system for extracting information from a variety of sources, including text. In this work, we used DeepDive to extract both protein–protein and transcription factor interactions from over 100 000 full-text PLOS articles.
Methods: We built an extractor for gene–gene interactions that identified candidate gene–gene relations within an input sentence. For each candidate relation, DeepDive computed a probability that the relation was a correct interaction. We evaluated this system against the Database of Interacting Proteins and against randomly curated extractions.
Results: Our system achieved 76% precision and 49% recall in extracting direct and indirect interactions involving gene symbols co-occurring in a sentence. For randomly curated extractions, the system achieved between 62% and 83% precision based on direct or indirect interactions, as well as sentence-level and document-level precision. Overall, our system extracted 3356 unique gene pairs using 724 features from over 100 000 full-text articles.
Availability and implementation: Application source code is publicly available at https://github.com/edoughty/deepdive_genegene_app
Contact: russ.altman@stanford.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.