bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infraleichtbeton 2.0
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Hückler Alex 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInfraleichtbeton, sehr leichter Beton als tragende Wärmedämmung, verspricht dauerhafte, nachhaltige und ansprechende Sichtbetonbauten. Ein im Jahr 2007 gebautes Haus aus diesem Hochleistungsleichtbeton hat sich bewährt und wurde in dieser Zeitschrift bereits vorgestellt. Der Infraleichtbeton ist nun so weiterentwickelt worden, dass er bei gleichen Wärmedämmeigenschaften doppelt so fest ist. Die dazu betriebene Forschung an der Technischen Universität Berlin und der Bau einer Probewand aus Infraleichtbeton 2.0 für den Entwurf eines Pavillons, der den Innovationspreis der Holcim Foundation gewonnen hat, sollen hier vorgestellt werden.Infra‐Lightweight Concrete 2.0Infra‐Lightweight Concrete acts as load‐bearing heat insulation and promises durable, sustainable and attractive fair‐faced concrete structures. A building made of this high performance lightweight aggregate concrete in 2007 was presented in this journal. Since then, while maintaining the heat insulating properties, the compressive strength has been doubled. This paper presents both the associated research and further development at the Technische Universität in Berlin as well as a wall mock‐up for a pavilion which was awarded with an innovation price by the Holcim Foundation.
Current strategies in antibody engineering: Fc engineering and pH‐dependent antigen binding, bispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates
Authors: Vincent Karen J. , Zurini Mauro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAntibody engineering technologies are constantly advancing to improve the clinical effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Effector functions may be modified by engineering the Fc region, for example to improve or reduce binding to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) or complement factors. Other examples for Fc engineering include modification of the half‐life of immunoglobulin G (IgG); various studies have shown that half‐life can be prolonged by increasing the affinity of Fc for the Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn). Furthermore, engineered pH‐dependent antigen binding can be applied to enhance the recycling of IgG via FcRn, enabling binding to additional target molecules. Since bispecific approaches may elicit desired effects on disease targets, a variety of bispecific formats have been developed, including variants that structurally mimic IgG. Finally, antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) create new opportunities for treatment of certain diseases. Advances in antibody generation, selection of highly cytotoxic molecules and production of stable linkers have paved the way to the development of many ADCs that can be tested in clinical trials. This review covers current antibody engineering strategies for the modification of therapeutic antibodies in the areas of Fc engineering and pH‐dependent antigen binding, bispecific antibodies and ADCs.
Targeted nitric oxide delivery preferentially induces glioma cell chemosensitivity via altered p53 and O6‐Methylguanine‐DNA Methyltransferase activity
Authors: Safdar Shahana , Payne Courtney A. , Tu Nam H. , Taite Lakeshia J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor, and also among the most difficult to treat due to a lack of response to chemotherapeutics. New methods of countering the mechanisms that confer chemoresistance to malignant gliomas could lead to significant advances in the quest to identify novel drug combinations or targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigate the use of a targeted nitric oxide (NO) donor as a pretreatment to sensitize glioma cells to chemotherapy. The protein chlorotoxin (CTX) has been shown to preferentially target glioma cells, and we have developed CTX–NO, a glioma‐specific, NO‐donating CTX derivative. Pretreatment of cells with CTX–NO followed by 48‐h exposure to either carmustine (BCNU) or temozolomide (TMZ), both common chemotherapeutics used in glioma treatment, resulted in increased efficacy of both therapeutics. After CTX–NO exposure, both T98G and U‐87MG human malignant glioma cells show increased sensitivity to BCNU and TMZ. Further investigation revealed that the consequences of this combination therapy was a reduction in active levels of the cytoprotective enzyme MGMT and altered p53 activity, both of which are essential in DNA repair and tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy. The combination of CTX–NO and chemotherapeutics also led to decreased cell invasion. These studies indicate that this targeted NO donor could be an invaluable tool in the development of novel approaches to treat cancer. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1211–1220. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light‐responsive current generation by phototrophically enriched anode biofilms dominated by green sulfur bacteria
Authors: Badalamenti Jonathan P. , Torres César I. , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to employ microbial electrochemical cells (MXCs) to selectively enrich and examine anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria for potential anaerobic respiration capabilities using electrodes. In the process, we designed a novel enrichment strategy that manipulated the poised anode potential, light, nitrogen availability, and media supply to promote growth of phototrophic bacteria while minimizing co‐enrichment of non‐phototrophic anode‐respiring bacteria (ARB). This approach resulted in light‐responsive electricity generation from fresh‐ and saltwater inocula. Under anoxic conditions, current showed a negative light response, suggesting that the enriched phototrophic consortia shifted between phototrophic and anaerobic respiratory metabolism. Molecular, physical, and electrochemical analyses elucidated that anode biofilms were dominated by green sulfur bacteria, and biofilms exhibited anode respiration kinetics indicative of non‐mediated electron transfer, but kinetic parameters differed from values previously reported for non‐phototrophic ARB. These results invite the utilization of MXCs as microbiological tools for exploring anaerobic respiratory capabilities among anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1020–1027. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cryopreservation of pluripotent stem cell aggregates in defined protein‐free formulation
Authors: Sart Sébastien , Ma Teng , Li Yan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCultivation of undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as aggregates has emerged as an efficient culture configuration, enabling rapid and controlled large scale expansion. Aggregate‐based PSC cryopreservation facilitates the integrated process of cell expansion and cryopreservation, but its feasibility has not been demonstrated. The goals of current study are to assess the suitability of cryopreserving intact mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) aggregates and investigate the effects of aggregate size and the formulation of cryopreservation solution on mESC survival and recovery. The results demonstrated the size‐dependent cell survival and recovery of intact aggregates. In particular, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase activation were reduced for small aggregates (109 ± 55 μm) compared to medium (245 ± 77 μm) and large (365 ± 141 μm) ones, leading to the improved cell recovery. In addition, a defined protein‐free formulation was tested and found to promote the aggregate survival, eliminating the cell exposure to animal serum. The cryopreserved aggregates also maintained the pluripotent markers and the differentiation capacity into three‐germ layers after thawing. In summary, the cryopreservation of small PSC aggregates in a defined protein‐free formulation was shown to be a suitable approach toward a fully integrated expansion and cryopreservation process at large scale. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Production and scale‐up of a monoclonal antibody against 17‐hydroxyprogesterone
Authors: Chua Gek Kee , Abdul‐Rahman Badarulhisam , Chisti Yusuf 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe hybridoma 192 was used to produce a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP), for possible use in screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The factors influencing the MAb production were screened and optimized in a 2 L stirred bioreactor. The production was then scaled up to a 20 L bioreactor. All of the screened factors (aeration rate, stirring speed, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature) were found to significantly affect production. Optimization using the response surface methodology identified the following optimal production conditions: 36.8°C, pH 7.4, stirring speed of 100 rpm, 30% dissolved oxygen concentration, and an aeration rate of 0.09 vvm. Under these conditions, the maximum viable cell density achieved was 1.34 ± 0.21 × 106cells mL−1and the specific growth rate was 0.036 ± 0.004 h−1. The maximum MAb titer was 11.94 ± 4.81 μg mL−1with an average specific MAb production rate of 0.273 ± 0.135 pg cell−1h−1. A constant impeller tip speed criterion was used for the scale‐up. The specific growth rate (0.040 h−1) and the maximum viable cell density (1.89 × 106cells mL−1) at the larger scale were better than the values achieved at the small scale, but the MAb titer in the 20 L bioreactor was 18% lower than in the smaller bioreactor. A change in the culture environment from the static conditions of a T‐flask to the stirred bioreactor culture did not affect the specificity of the MAb toward its antigen (17‐OHP) and did not compromise the structural integrity of the MAb. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Comparative analysis of heterologous expression, biochemical characterization optimal production of an alkaline α‐amylase from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris
Authors: Yang Haiquan , Liu Long , Shin Hyun‐dong , Chen Rachel R. , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn alkaline α‐amylase gene from alkaliphilic Alkalimonas amylolytica was synthesized based on the preferred codon usage of Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, respectively, and then was expressed in the according heterologous host, E. coli BL21 (DE3) and P. pastoris GS115. The alkaline α‐amylase expressed in E. coli was designated AmyA, whereas that produced by P. pastoris was designated AmyB. The specific activity of AmyA and AmyB was 16.0 and 16.6 U/mg at pH 9.5 and 50°C, respectively. The optimal pH and pH stability of AmyA and AmyB were similar, whereas the optimum temperature and thermal stability of AmyB were slightly enhanced compared with those of AmyA. The AmyA and AmyB had a similar melting temperature of 64°C and the same catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of 2.0 × 106 L/(mol min). AmyA and AmyB were slightly activated by 1 mM Co2+, Ca2+, or Na+, but inhibited by all other metal ions (K+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+). Tween 80 or Tween 60 (10% (w/v)) had little influence on the stability of AmyA and AmyB, while the 10% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate caused the complete loss of AmyA and AmyB activities. The AmyA and AmyB were stable in the presence of solid detergents (washing powder), while were less stable in liquid detergents. Under the optimal conditions in 3‐L bioreactor, the extracellular AmyB activity reached 600 U/mL, which was about 10 times as that of AmyA. These results indicated that P. pastoris was a preferable host for alkaline α‐amylase expression and the produced alkaline α‐amylase had a certain application potential in solid detergents. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Increasing the Productivity of Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Oxyfunctionalization: A Case Study on the Potential of Two‐Liquid‐Phase Systems
Authors: Churakova Ekaterina , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBiocatalysis, which occurs mostly in aqueous reaction media, is generally incompatible with the hydrophobic nature of many reactants. This may be overcome by using the two‐liquid‐phase system (2 LPS) approach. We demonstrate the beneficial application of the 2 LPS approach for the photobiocatalytic oxyfunctionalization of thioanisole. Compared to aqueous reaction conditions, the 2 LPS approach not only allowed for higher substrate loadings (without the use of additional solvents) but also increased the productivity and robustness of the overall reaction.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ethylene/Methyl Acrylate Cooligomerization: Effect of a New Nonsymmetric α‐Diimine
Authors: Meduri Angelo , Montini Tiziano , Ragaini Fabio , Fornasiero Paolo , Zangrando Ennio , Milani Barbara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new nonsymmetric bis(aryl‐imino)acenaphthene (Ar‐BIAN) ligand, featured by a subtle steric and electronic unbalance of the N‐donor atoms, is reported. With the new ligand and the corresponding symmetrically substituted derivatives, both neutral and monocationic PdCH3 compounds have been synthesized and characterized. The series of the monocationic complexes [Pd(CH3)(L)(Ar‐BIAN)][PF6] (L=CH3CN, dmso) has been extended to dimethyl sulfoxide derivatives. The monocationic complexes are tested as precatalysts for the ethylene/methyl acrylate cooligomerization under mild reaction conditions of temperature and ethylene pressure. The catalytic product is a mixture of ethylene/acrylate cooligomers and higher alkenes. The catalysts containing the new nonsymmetric ligand are found to be more productive than those with the symmetric Ar‐BIANs. The Pd–dmso catalysts are more productive and show a longer lifetime than their Pd–NCCH3 counterparts.
Modeling and Simulation of Industrial PVC Drying in Fluidized Beds with Internal Heat Source
Authors: Rodrigues Tacidelli A. , Tavernard Pereira Neto A. , Pereira Brito R. , Brandão de Araujo A. C. , Gonzaga Sales Vasconcelos L. , Nicácio Alves J. J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn engineering application case study on a two‐fluid flow model for the control of industrial drying operations is reported. The mathematical model of this process was numerically solved by a computer code developed in FORTRAN language and was validated through data taken from PVC drying performed in an industrial continuous fluidized‐bed dryer. The predicted steady‐state outlet temperature and PVC moisture content values agree with the real data observed on the industrial plant. This model was also used to predict the temperature and concentration profiles inside the dryer as a function of time as a response to the disturbances and variations on the PVC water content at the dryer inlet.
Kinetics of o‐Xylene Combustion over a Pt/Alumina Catalyst
Authors: Manta C. M. , Bozga G. , Bercaru G. , Bîldea C. S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracto‐Xylene combustion in air over a Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst was investigated in a laboratory reactor at low concentrations typical for depollution applications. The results evidenced a slightly negative influence of o‐xylene concentration on combustion rate. A kinetic model of the combustion process was developed by using the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood mechanism, assuming the surface reaction between adsorbed oxygen atoms and adsorbed o‐xylene molecules as controlling step. The rate expression includes the influences of o‐xylene and water adsorption on the active centers of the catalyst. The estimation of rate expression parameters is based on o‐xylene conversion measurements obtained under conditions free of influences of physical steps.
A New Signal‐On Photoelectrochemical Biosensor Based on a Graphene/Quantum‐Dot Nanocomposite Amplified by the Dual‐Quenched Effect of Bipyridinium Relay and AuNPs
Authors: Zhang Xiaoru , Xu Yunpeng , Yang Yanqiang , Jin Xia , Ye Sujuan , Zhang Shusheng , Jiang Lilin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor was developed by using carboxyl‐functionalized graphene and CdSe nanoparticles. This sensitive interface was then successfully applied to detection of thrombin based on the dual‐quenched effect of PEC nanoparticle, which relied on the electron transfer of a bipyridinium relay and energy transfer of AuNPs. After recognition with an aptamer, the PEC nanoparticle was removed and a signal‐on PEC biosensor was obtained. Moreover, the bio‐barcode technique used in the preparation of PEC nanoparticle could avoid cross‐reaction and enhances the sensitivity. Taking advantages of the various methods mentioned above, the sensitivity could be easily enhanced. In addition, in this work we also investigated graphene that was modified with different functional groups and AuNPs of different particle sizes. Under optimal conditions, a detection limit of 5.9×10−15 M was achieved. With its simplicity, selectivity, and sensitivity, this strategy shows great promise for the fabrication of highly efficient PEC biosensors.
Kinetic Properties of a Novel Fusarium solani (phospho)lipase: A Monolayer Study
Authors: Jallouli Raida , Fendri Ahmed , Mechichi Tahar , Gargouri Youssef Talèl , Bezzine Sofiane 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing the monomolecular film technique, we studied interfacial properties of Fusarium solani lipase (FSL). This lipolytic enzyme was found to be unique among the fungal lipases possessing not only a lipase activity but also a high phospholipase one.The FSL was able to hydrolyze dicaprin films at various surface pressures. The surface pressure dependency, the stereospecificity, and the regioselectivity of FSL were performed using optically pure stereoisomers of diglyceride (1,2‐sn‐ dicaprin and 2,3‐sn‐dicaprin) and a prochiral isomer (1,3‐sn‐dicaprin) spread as monomolecular films at the air–water interface. The FSL prefers adjacent ester groups of the diglyceride isomers (1,2‐sn‐dicaprin and 2,3‐sn‐dicaprin) at low and high surface pressures. Furthermore, FSL was found to be markedly stereospecific for the sn‐1 position of the 1,2‐sn‐enantiomer of dicaprin at both low and high surface pressures.Moreover, FSL shows high activities on phospholipids monolayers. However, this enzyme displays high preference to zwitterionic phospholipids compared to the negatively charged ones. Chirality, 25:35‐38, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Common mechanisms regulating cell cortex properties during cell division and cell migration
Authors: Roubinet Chantal , Tran Phong T. , Piel Matthieu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle cell morphogenesis results from a balance of forces involving internal pressure (also called turgor pressure in plants and fungi) and the plastic and dynamic outer shell of the cell. Dominated by the cell wall in plants and fungi, mechanical properties of the outer shell of animal cells arise from the cell cortex, which is mostly composed of the plasma membrane (and membrane proteins) and the underlying meshwork of actin filaments and myosin motors (and associated proteins). In this review, following Bray and White [1988; Science 239:883–889], we draw a parallel between the regulation of the cell cortex during cell division and cell migration in animal cells. Starting from the similarities in shape changes and underlying mechanical properties, we further propose that the analogy between cell division and cell migration might run deeper, down to the basic molecular mechanisms driving cell cortex remodeling. We focus our attention on how an heterogeneous and dynamic cortex can be generated to allow cell shape changes while preserving cell integrity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical and electrophysiological mechanisms for asymmetrical excitatory propagation in the rat insular cortex: In vivo optical imaging and whole‐cell patch‐clamp studies
Authors: Adachi Kazunori , Fujita Satoshi , Yoshida Atsushi , Sakagami Hiroshi , Koshikawa Noriaki , Kobayashi Masayuki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe insular cortex (IC) integrates limbic information from the amygdala and hypothalamic nucleus to multimodal sensory inputs, including visceral, gustatory, and somatosensory information. However, the functional framework of excitation in the IC is still unknown. We performed optical imaging and single pyramidal neuronal staining using a whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique in urethane‐anesthetized rats to elucidate the precise anatomical and physiological features of IC pyramidal neurons, which regulate cortical information processing via their horizontal connections. Optical imaging revealed that electrical stimulation of the granular (GI) or dysgranular (DI) IC elicited characteristic excitatory propagations along the rostrocaudal axis parallel to the rhinal fissure, with a preference toward the rostral direction. Spatial patterns of the dendrites and axons of layer II/III pyramidal cells in the DI/GI support these functional features of excitation; for example, rostrocaudal axonal arbors tend to extend with a rostral directional preference. The mean length of the axons from the soma to the farthest site rostrally was ∼50% longer than that of the caudal length. Pyramidal cells in the DI/GI exhibited spontaneous membrane oscillation in the UP and DOWN states. Similarly to the evoked signals obtained by optical imaging, repetitive electrical stimulation of the caudal IC ∼1 mm away from the recorded cells (five pulses at 50 Hz) induced the summation of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials during the DOWN state and profound inhibitory postsynaptic potentials during the UP state. Clarification of the excitation feature with its cellular basis provides new clues about the functional mechanisms of the asymmetric propagation of neural activities in the IC. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:1598–1613, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activity and coexpression of Drosophila black with ebony in fly optic lobes reveals putative cooperative tasks in vision that evade electroretinographic detection
Authors: Ziegler Anna B. , Brüsselbach Florian , Hovemann Bernhard T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDrosophila mutants black and ebony show pigmentation defects in the adult cuticle, which disclose their cooperative activity in β‐alanyl‐dopamine formation. In visual signal transduction, Ebony conjugates β‐alanine to histamine, forming β‐alanyl‐histamine or carcinine. Mutation of ebony disrupts signal transduction and reveals an electroretinogram (ERG) phenotype. In contrast to the corresponding cuticle phenotype of black and ebony, there is no ERG phenotype observed when black expression is disrupted. This discrepancy calls into question the longstanding assumption of Black and Ebony interaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Black and Ebony in fly optic lobes. We excluded a presynaptic histamine uptake pathway and confirmed histamine recycling via carcinine formation in glia. β‐Alanine supply for this pathway is independent of enzymatic synthesis by Black and β‐alanine synthase Pyd3. Two versions of Black are expressed in vivo. Black is a specific aspartate decarboxylase with no activity on glutamate. RNA in situ hybridization and anti‐Black antisera localized Black expression in the head. Immunolabeling revealed expression in lamina glia, in large medulla glia, in glia of the ocellar ganglion, and in astrocyte‐like glia below the ocellar ganglion. In these glia types, Black expression is strictly accompanied by Ebony expression. Activity, localization, and strict coexpression with Ebony strongly indicate a specific mode of functional interaction that, however, evades ERG detection. J. Comp. Neurol., 521:1207–1224, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.