bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Medical Interventions in Children Versus Adults
Authors: Lathyris Dimitrios , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Baltogianni Maria , Ioannidis John P.A. , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Compare the risk of harm from pharmacologic interventions in pediatric versus adult randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

METHODS:
We used systematic reviews from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We considered separately 7 categories of harms/harm-related end points: severe harms, withdrawals due to harms, any harm, organ system–level harms, specific harms, withdrawals for any reason, and mortality. Systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis from at least 1 adult and 1 pediatric RCT for any of those end points were eligible. We calculated the summary odds ratio (experimental versus control intervention) in adult and pediatric trials/meta-analysis; the relative odds ratio (ROR) in adults versus children per meta-analysis; and the summary ROR (sROR) across all meta-analyses for each end point. ROR &lt;1 means that the experimental intervention fared worse in children than adults.

RESULTS:
We identified 176 meta-analyses for 52 types of harms/harm-related end points with 669 adult and 184 pediatric RCTs. Of those, 165 had sufficient data for ROR estimation. sRORs showed statistically significant discrepancy between adults and children only for headache (sROR 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.70–0.96). Nominally significant discrepancies for specific harms were identified in 12 of 165 meta-analyses (RORs &lt;1 in 7, ROR &gt;1 in 5). In 36% of meta-analyses, the ROR estimates suggested twofold or greater differences between children and adults, and the 95% confidence intervals could exclude twofold differences only in 18% of meta-analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Available evidence on harms/harm-related end points from pharmacologic interventions has large uncertainty. Extrapolation of evidence from adults to children may be tenuous. Some clinically important discrepancies were identified.
Feasibility of Critical Congenital Heart Disease Newborn Screening at Moderate Altitude
Authors: Wright Jason , Kohn Mary , Niermeyer Susan , Rausch Christopher M. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Consensus guidelines have recommended newborn pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Given that newborn oxygen saturations are generally lower at higher altitudes, the American Academy of Pediatrics and others recommend additional evaluation of the screening algorithm at altitude. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of newborn pulse-oximetry CCHD screening at moderate altitude (Aurora, CO; 1694 m). We hypothesized the overall failure rate would be significantly higher compared with published controls.

METHODS:
We enrolled 1003 consecutive infants at ≥35 weeks’ gestation in a prospective observational study. The nationally recommended protocol for CCHD screening was adhered to with the exceptions of no reflex echocardiograms being performed and providers being informed of results only if saturations were less than predefined critical values.

RESULTS:
There were 1003 infants enrolled, and 988 completed the screen. The overall failure rate for completed screenings was 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.6%–2.0%). The first 500 infants had 1.6% fail, and the last 503 infants had 0.6% fail. Among infants who failed screening, 73% failed secondary to saturations &lt;90%, whereas saturations between 90% and 94%, persistently &gt;3% difference, and multiple criteria were each responsible for 9% of failures. Overall, 1.6% of all infants had incomplete screening and had not passed at the time the test was stopped.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pulse oximetry screening failure rates at moderate altitude are significantly higher than at sea level. Larger studies with alternative algorithms are warranted at moderate altitudes.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Paternò-Büchi Reaction in a Microcapillary Reactor Utilizing Slug Flow
Authors: Terao Kimitada , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
An asymmetric Paternò-Büchi-type photoreaction between 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene and benzoylformic acid ester with a chiral menthyl auxiliary was studied in a continuous-flow microcapillary reactor. The fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) microcapillary reactor using normal one-layer flow mode gave oxetane products with better efficiency than the batch system. In addition, the slug flow mode in microcapillary reactor using inactive reagent, N2 gas or H2O, improved the reaction efficiency dramatically because of synergistic light dispersion, stirring and thin layer film effects. The reaction efficiencies under each condition were discussed as energy efficiencies calculated from reactors’ parameters.
Tájékozott beleegyezés a sebészetben
Authors: Kovács József 
Published: February 2014

Absztrakt
A cikk annak a paradigmaváltásnak a következményeit elemzi a sebészeti gyakorlatban, amely az utolsó ötven évben ment végbe az orvostudományban. A korábbi, paternalisztikus orvos-beteg kapcsolatot felváltotta a beteg tájékoztatásán, a kezelését érintő döntésekbe való bevonásán alapuló, egyenrangú orvos-beteg kapcsolat. Ez a váltás nem minden orvosi szakágban ment végbe egyforma sebességgel, s a sebészet ebben a vonatkozásban nemzetközileg is konzervatívabbnak mutatkozott, mint pl. az általános orvostan. A cikk elemezi a tájékoztatás gyakori problémáit, majd sorra veszi a sebészi tájékoztatás fontosabb elemeit és lehetséges technikai feltételeit. Külön kitér a sebészeti tájékoztatás specifikumaira és a beavatkozás elutasításának feltételeire is.
V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3-Li2O Glass-Ceramics as High-Capacity Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Aoyagi Takuya , Fujieda Tadashi , Mitsuishi Kazutaka , Kawaji Jun , Toyama Tatsuya , Kono Kazushige , Naito Takashi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe discuss the advantages of V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3-Li2O glass-ceramics as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries. The glass was prepared by using the melt quenching method. The glass-ceramics were produced by heat treatment in air. LixV2O5 crystal was only confirmed as the precipitated phase and the degree of crystallinity was approximately 90%. The total capacity of the glass-ceramics was 340 Ah/kg at a C/20 rate for 1.5-4.2 V cutoff ranges. It is 10% higher than the capacity of the glass cathode. Moreover, the charge-discharge performance of the glass-ceramics cathode showed good cycleability similar to that of the glass. The glass-ceramics had a 83% capacity retention after 40 cycles. These results show that glass-ceramics is a potential candidate for lithium-ion cathode materials.
Optimization of Dental Status Improves Long-Term Outcome after Alveolar Bone Grafting in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Jabbari Fatima , Skoog Valdemar , Reiser Eicka , Hakelius Malin , Nowinski Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Objective To evaluate the importance of dental status for long-term outcome after alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective longitudinal study. Setting Cleft lip and palate-craniofacial center, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. Patients A total of 67 consecutive patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Interventions Secondary alveolar bone grafting, prior to the eruption of the permanent canine, was performed at the average age of 10.0 years (range, 8.5 to 12.0 years). Main Outcome Measures Alveolar bone height was evaluated with the modified Bergland index at 1 and 10 years after surgery. Results Of the patients, 97% had modified Bergland index grade I and the remaining 3% had modified Bergland index grade II at 1 year after surgery. At 10 years' follow-up, 43% showed modified Bergland index grade I; 55%, modified Bergland index grade II; and 2% (one patient), modified Bergland index grade III. The degree of dental anomalies in the cleft area, such as enamel hypoplasia, incisor rotation, incisor inclination, canine inclination, and oral hygiene registered preoperatively, all correlated negatively to the modified Bergland index at 10 years after surgery. Enamel hypoplasia (ρ = 0.70195, P < .0001), followed by canine inclination (ρ = 0.55429, P < .0001), showed the strongest correlation to reduced bone height in the cleft area. Conclusions In patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, excellent results from secondary alveolar bone grafting in terms of bone height in the alveolar cleft tend to decrease with time. This seems to be correlated with factors that might to some extent be treated preoperatively through adequate planning and execution of the orthodontic treatment.
Short-term outcome following partial or complete liver lobectomy with a commercially prepared self-ligating loop in companion animals: 29 cases (2009–2012)
Authors: Goodman Andrew R. , Casale Sue A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinical use of a self-ligating loop (SLL) for partial or complete liver lobectomy in a variety of companion animal species.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—22 dogs, 2 cats, 4 rabbits, and 1 ferret with partial or complete liver lobectomy performed with an SLL.
Procedures—Medical records of companion animal patients that underwent partial or complete liver lobectomy with an SLL between 2009 and 2012 at the Angell Animal Medical Center were reviewed, and signalment, intraoperative and postoperative complications, histologic diagnosis, hospital discharge (yes or no), time to hospital discharge, and short-term survival rate were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained through evaluation of medical records.
Results—28 of 29 (97%) patients were discharged from the hospital and survived at least 5 days after discharge. Of the 29 patients, 3 underwent 2 liver lobectomies. During 4 of 32 (12.5%) lobectomies, mild intraoperative bleeding occurred on the cut surface of the liver after transection. No transection performed with ≥ 2 SLLs resulted in notable intraoperative bleeding. One of 29 (3.4%) patients had evidence of postoperative hemoabdomen, which was successfully treated with a single packed RBC transfusion. Expansion of the SLL diameter from 8 to 15 cm was accomplished to allow for resection of larger masses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of an SLL for partial or complete liver lobectomy in a variety of companion animal species was a safe technique and was associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Expansion of the ligature loop diameter and use of multiple SLLs may be necessary for larger lobectomies.
Biofilm-infected wounds in a dog
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth A. , Freeman Lynetta J. , Seleem Mohamed N. , Snyder Paul W. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old spayed female Mastiff was evaluated for treatment of chronic nonhealing pressure wounds over both elbow regions resulting from attempts at hypertrophic callus excision.
Clinical Findings—The wound bed granulation tissue was mottled red and yellow with hyperemic, rolled epithelial edges. The right wound communicated with a large fluid pocket along the thoracic wall. The dog had an inflammatory leukogram with a left shift.
Treatment and Outcome—The wounds were debrided, and tissue specimens were collected for histologic evaluation, microbial culture, and bacterial identification by means of molecular diagnostic techniques. The left wound was closed immediately. Calcium alginate rope with silver was packed into the right wound. Vacuum-assisted closure was applied for 6 days. Debridement was repeated, and a thoracodorsal axial pattern flap was used to cover the wound. Systemic treatment with antimicrobials was initiated, and pressure over the elbow regions was relieved. Bacterial biofilms were identified histologically in tissue specimens from both wounds. Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus canis were cultured and identified by 16S rRNA fragment sequencing. Pyrosequencing identified multiple bacterial species and no fungal organisms. Both wounds healed successfully.
Clinical Relevance—Biofilms are implicated in infected orthopedic implants in veterinary patients; however, this is the first report of a bacterial biofilm in chronic wounds in a dog. In human wound care, extensive debridement is performed to disrupt the biofilm; a multimodal treatment approach is recommended to delay reformation and help clear the infection. In this case, biofilm reformation was prevented by systemic treatment with antimicrobials, by reducing local pressure on the wounds, and by wound closure.
Hemorrhage and blood loss–induced anemia associated with an acquired coagulation factor VIII inhibitor in a Thoroughbred mare
Authors: Winfield Laramie S. , Brooks Marjory B. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Case Description—A 23-year-old Thoroughbred mare was evaluated because of a coagulopathy causing hemoperitoneum, hematomas, and signs of blood loss–induced anemia.
Clinical Findings—The mare had tachycardia, pallor, hypoperfusion, and a large mass in the right flank. The mass was further characterized ultrasonographically as an extensive hematoma in the body wall with associated hemoabdomen. Coagulation testing revealed persistent, specific prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (> 100 seconds; reference interval, 24 to 44 seconds) attributable to severe factor VIII deficiency (12%; reference interval, 50% to 200%). On the basis of the horse's age, lack of previous signs of a bleeding diathesis, and subsequent quantification of plasma factor VIII inhibitory activity (Bethesda assay titer, 2.7 Bethesda units/mL), acquired hemophilia A was diagnosed. The medical history did not reveal risk factors or underlying diseases; thus, the development of inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII was considered to be idiopathic.
Treatment and Outcome—The mare was treated with 2 transfusions of fresh whole blood and fresh-frozen plasma. Immunosuppressive treatment consisting of dexamethasone and azathioprine was initiated. Factor VIII deficiency and signs of coagulopathy resolved, and the inhibitory antibody titer decreased. The mare remained healthy with no relapse for at least 1 year after treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses may develop inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII that cause acquired hemophilia A. A treatment strategy combining transfusions of whole blood and fresh-frozen plasma and administration of immunosuppressive agents was effective and induced sustained remission for at least 1 year in the mare described here.
Myricetin blocks lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Gutiérrez-Venegas Gloria , Luna Oscar , Arreguín-Cano Juan , Hernández-Bermúdez Cristina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPeriodontitis is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms present in dental bacterial plaque. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a component of the external membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. It causes septic shock. Ingested flavonoids have been reported to directly affect the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by bacterial toxins. In this study, we examined the effects of four flavonoids (luteolin, fisetin, morin and myricetin) on the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT, and on the synthesis of COX-2 in human gingival fibroblasts treated with LTA from Streptococcus sanguinis. We found that luteolin and myricetin blocked AKT and p38 activation and that myricetin blocked LTA-induced COX-2 expression. The results of our study are important for elucidating the mechanism of action of flavonoid regulation of inflammatory responses.
Gene expression profiles of various cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue and bone marrow following infection with human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Li Quansheng , Yu Ping , Wang Wei , Zhang Peng , Yang Haiqing , Li Shengfu , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have both multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties, making them ideal candidates for regenerative medicine. However, their immunosuppressive properties potentially increase the risk of cancer progression and opportunistic infections. In this study, MSCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCMSCs) and adult bone marrow (BMMSCs) were infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Cytopathic changes were observed 10 days post infection. PCR products amplified from genomic DNA and cDNA were used to confirm the HCMV infection of the UCMSCs and BMMSCs. Real-time PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of immunomodulatory molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and cancer-related genes. Our results indicate high upregulation of the majority of these molecules, including many growth factors, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-8, interleukin-6 and interferon gamma. Adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, TCAM-1 and selectin-E) were downregulated in the infected UCMSCs and BMMSCs. Antibody chip array evaluation of cell culture media indicated that the growth factor secretion by UCMSCs and BMMSCs was greatly influenced (p < 0.001) by HCMV. The stimulation of MSCs with HCMV led to the activation of downstream signaling pathways, including pSTAT3 and Wnt2. Our results show that HCMV can significantly alter the functions of both UCMSCs and BMMSCs, although not in the same way or to the same extent. In both cases, there was an increase in the expression of proangiogenic factors in the microenvironment following HMCV infection. The discrepancy between the two cell types may be explained by their different developmental origin, although further analysis is necessary. Future studies should decipher the underlying mechanism by which HCMV controls MSCs, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic treatments.
Cosmocercoides himalayanus sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Amphibia, Anura) from Dehradun (Uttarakhand), India
Authors: Rizvi Anjum , Bursey Charles 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCosmocercoides himalayanus sp. nov. (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Amphibia, Anura) from Dehradun, India is described and illustrated. Cosmocercoides himalayanus sp. nov. represents the 21st species assigned to the genus and the 9th species from the Oriental biogeographical region. Cosmocercoides himalayanus sp. nov. differs from the previously described Oriental species in number and position of rosette papillae; it is the only species possessing 24 or more rosette papillae to have 4 postcloacal papillae. In addition, a list of species assigned to Cosmocercoides is provided; however, C. fotedari Arya, 1992 is removed from the genus and until further study is considered a species inquirenda.
A new species of Unilatus (Platyhelminthes: Monogenoidea) from the gills of Leporacanthicus galaxias Isbrücker et Nijssen (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Brazil
Authors: Branches Bárbara , Domingues Marcus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUnilatus irae sp. nov. (Dactylogyridae) is described from the gills of the armored catfish, Leporacanthicus galaxias Isbrücker et Nijssen (Loricariidae: Ancistrinae), from Guamá river, Pará State, Brazil. The new species can be differentiated from its cogeneners by the combination of the following features: anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root, inconspicuous deep root, shaft bent at midpoint, forming angle of approximately 60°, evenly short curved point; posterior anchor with inconspicuous roots, sclerotized cap of base with small protuberance for articulation to posterior bar; evenly curved shaft and short point; anterior bar broadly V-shaped, with small posteromedial projection; and posterior bar anteriorly expanded on it midportion, with expanded ends slightly curved in posterior direction.
Toxocariasis and lung function: Relevance of a neglected infection in an urban landscape
Authors: Walsh Michael , Haseeb M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractToxocariasis has been highlighted as a potentially important neglected infection of poverty in developed countries that experience substantive health disparities such as the United States. An association between Toxocara infection and lung function, in concert with a relatively high prevalence of infection, may mark an important mechanism by which this infection could contribute significantly to the differential morbidity across different socioeconomic groups and landscapes. To assess the potential relevance of this infection in a dense urban environment, we measured the association between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and serology diagnosed Toxocara infection in a sample of US-born New York City residents. We identified a significant independent association between Toxocara infection and lung function, wherein those with previous Toxocara infection had a 236.9 mL reduced FEV1 compared to those without Toxocara infection even after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, level of education, smoking status, body mass index, and pet ownership. These findings from New York City corroborate similar findings in a national sample and, while the cross-sectional data preclude a direct causal relationship, this study identifies a potentially important neglected infection in a dense urban landscape.
A novel approach to control brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus using sustained release poly-ɛ-caprolactone-pheromone microspheres
Authors: Bhoopathy Dhivya , Latha Bhaskaran , Uma T. , Sreekumar C. , Leela V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractControl of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was attempted by utilizing sustained release preparations of synthetic analogues of assembly pheromones. The assembly pheromone, in defined ratio, was encapsulated using poly-ɛ-caprolactone by water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In the in vitro bioassay, percent mortality with test microspheres was 95.6, 64 and 44 among the unfed larvae, unfed nymph and unfed adults respectively, 24 hours post-exposure. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of microspheres in luring and killing environmental stages of R. sanguineus in dog houses/kennels. Engorged and unfed stages in the environment were found adhered and dead on the specially designed lure.
Ecology and seasonal variation of parasites in wild Aequidens tetramerus, a Cichlidae from the Amazon
Authors: Tavares-Dias Marcos , Oliveira Marcos , Gonçalves Raissa , Silva Luis 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study is the first investigation on seasonal dynamics of parasites component community of the Aequidens tetramerus from an Amazon River tributary, in Northern Brazil. A total of 239,2407 parasites were recovered from 92 hosts examined from February to October 2011. Such parasites included Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii and Trichodina nobilis (Protozoa), Dolops longicauda (Argulidae), Gussevia alioides, Gussevia disparoides (Monogenoidea), Digenea metacercarie, Pseudoproleptus larvae, Anisakidae larvae (Nematoda), Proteocephalidea plerocercoid (Eucestoda) and Gorytocephalus spectabilis (Acanthocephala). Ciliates were the most dominant and abundant taxon, while cestodes were the least prevalent. The parasites showed seasonal variation in their infection dynamics associated with environmental changes during the Amazonian drainage season, except the infection with I. multifiliis. The parasites community in A. tetramerus was also characterized by higher diversity, species richness and uniformity during the drainage season when compared to Amazon flood season. With the exception of T. tetramerii, these parasite species are new records for A. tetramerus.