bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body fat and human cardiovascular ageing
Authors: Losev Vladimir , Lu Chang , Senevirathne Deva S , Inglese Paolo , Bai Wenjia , King Andrew P , Shah Mit , de Marvao Antonio , O’Regan Declan P 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveCardiovascular ageing is a progressive loss of physiological reserve, modified by environmental and genetic risk factors, that contributes to multi-morbidity due to accumulated damage across diverse cell types, tissues and organs. Obesity is implicated in premature ageing but the effect of body fat distribution in humans is unknown. Here we assessed the association between image-derived adiposity phenotypes on cardiovascular age in men and women.MethodsWe analysed data from 21,241 participants in UK Biobank. Machine learning was used to predict cardiovascular age from 126 image-derived traits of vascular function, cardiac motion and myocardial fibrosis. An age-delta was calculated as the difference between predicted age and chronological age. The volume and distribution of body fat was assessed from whole body imaging. The association between adiposity phenotypes and cardiovascular age-delta was assessed using multivariable linear regression with age and sex as co-covariates, reporting β coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Two-sample Mendelian randomisation was used to assess causal associations.ResultsVisceral adipose tissue volume (β = 0.656, [95% CI, 0.537 - 0.755],P< 0.0001), muscle adipose tissue infiltration (β = 0.183, [95% CI, 0.122 - 0.244],P= 0.0003), and liver fat fraction (β = 1.066, [95% CI 0.835 - 1.298],P< 0.0001) were the strongest predictors of increased cardiovascular age-delta for both sexes. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (β = 0.688, [95% CI, 0.64 - 1.325],P< 0.0001) was associated with increased age-delta only in males. Genetically-predicted gluteo-femoral fat showed an association with decreased age-delta.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the contribution of sex-dependent patterns of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat distribution to biological cardiovascular ageing in middle aged adults. This highlights the potential for strategies to attenuate ageing through modifying adipose tissue function.
Rapid Point-of-Care Exhaled Breath Analysis for Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using a Micro Gas Chromatography System: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cheng Xingxing , Feng Yong , Chen Sai , Zhang Han , Chen Ruiping , Xu Bo , Hu Xiao , Wei Wei , Chen Zhenguang , Geng Qian , Wang Junqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for lung cancer (LC). Employing a novel micro gas chromatography-micro photoionisation detector (μGC-μPID) system, we aimed to identify and validate VOCs that could differentiate between LC patients and those with benign pulmonary diseases. The cross-sectional study included 106 participants, categorized into 85 LC patients and 21 benign controls, based on computed tomography and histological assessments. Participants provided breath samples following a standardized protocol, and the μGC-μPID system, known for its rapid point-of-care capabilities and low detection limits, was utilized for rapid and sensitive online VOC analysis. Through a meticulous process of data analysis, including principal component analysis, single-factor hypothesis testing, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and various tests of machine learning algorithms, including random forest, k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, XGBoost, and support vector machine, we finally identified six potential VOC biomarkers, with diagnostic models incorporating these markers achieving high sensitivity (0.95-1.00) and specificity (0.84-0.88), and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.79 to 0.91. Moreover, these models were also extended favourably to the recurrence and metastasis of pulmonary cancer and oesophageal cancer. The study demonstrates the potential of μGC-μPID as a point-of-care tool for LC differential diagnosis, highlighting the need for further validation in larger, multi-centric cohorts to refine the VOC biomarker panel and establish a robust diagnostic framework for clinical application.
WITHDRAWN: Intravaginal artesunate pessaries for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Kenya: Study protocol for a pilot trial
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Sorgi Katherine , Hoch Caroline , Tang Jennifer , Rahangdale Lisa , Omoto Jackton 
Published: June 2024

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the article was posted prior to consultation from all relevant collaborators. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
TCTEX1D2 has two distinct functions in sperm flagellum formation in mice; cytoplasmic dynein 2 and inner dynein arm
Authors: Harima Ryua , Hara Kenshiro , Tanemura Kentaro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlagella and cilia are widely conserved motile structures. Mammalian sperm possess flagella, which confer motility to the sperm and, therefore, are essential for fertilization. Large protein complexes called dynein, including cytoplasmic dynein 2 and axonemal dynein, play a role in the formation of cilia and flagella. The function of each dynein complex subunit in sperm flagellum formation is unclear. One such subunit is TCTEX1D2.Tctex1d2−/−mice generated in this study showed male infertility because of flagellar dysplasia arising from round spermatids and disruption of the axonemal structure inside the flagella. In contrast, the motile cilia ofTctex1d2−/−mice were normal. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that TCTEX1D2 interacted with the cytoplasmic dynein 2 component proteins WDR34, WDR60, and DYNLT1 in the testes and that the localization of these proteins was abnormal inTctex1d2−/−mice. Furthermore, TCTEX1D2 also interacted with WDR63 and WDR78, component proteins of the inner dynein arm, which is axonemal dynein. Overall, we revealed that TCTEX1D2 has two distinct functions in mouse sperm flagellum formation the assembly of cytoplasmic dynein 2 and organization of inner dynein arm which is not the case in cilia formation where TCTEX1D2 functions only as cytoplasmic dynein 2.
Discovery of ester-linked ubiquitylation of PARP10 mono-ADP-ribosylation in cells: a dual post-translational modification on Glu/Asp side chains
Authors: Bejan Daniel S , Lacoursiere Rachel E , Pruneda Jonathan N , Cohen Michael S 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prevailing view on post-translational modifications (PTMs) is that amino acid side chains in proteins are modified with a single PTM at any given time. However, a growing body of work has demonstrated crosstalk between different PTMs, some occurring on the same residue. Such interplay is seen with ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitylation, where specialized E3 ligases ubiquitylate targets for proteasomal degradation in an ADP-ribosylation-dependent manner. More recently, the DELTEX family of E3 ligases was reported to catalyze ubiquitylation of the 3’- hydroxy group of the adenine-proximal ribose of free NAD+and ADP-ribosein vitro, generating a non-canonical ubiquitin ester-linked species. In this report, we show, for the first time, that this dual PTM occurs in cells on mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) PARP10 on Glu/Asp sites to form a MAR ubiquitin ester (MARUbe). We term this processmono-ADP-ribosylubiquitylationor MARUbylation. Using chemical and enzymatic treatments, including a newly characterized bacterial deubiquitinase with esterase-specific activity, we discovered that PARP10 MARUbylation is extended with K11-linked polyubiquitin chains. Finally, mechanistic studies using proteasomal and ubiquitin-activating enzyme inhibitors demonstrated that PARP10 MARUbylation leads to its proteasomal degradation, providing a functional role for this new PTM in regulating protein turnover.
The long non-coding RNA NEAT1 regulates the transcriptional landscape of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pant Priyanka , Sivakumar Prakash , Nanda Disha , Ram N Sai , Dhandapany Perundurai , Thum Thomas , Kumarswamy Regalla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in fine-tuning the gene expression. In the present study, we identified that the lncRNA NEAT1 is upregulated in failing murine hearts and in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Further investigations demonstrated that NEAT1 expression is regulated by calcium dependent NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). Overexpression of NEAT1 led to increased cardiomyocyte size and elevated expression of cardiac stress markers while its depletion had the opposite effect. Through transcriptomic analysis in NEAT1-KO cells, we demonstrated the cis-regulatory role of NEAT1, wherein it maintains the transcription of neighboring genes by interacting with the coactivator p300. Additionally, NEAT1 depletion resulted in decreased expression of GRK2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2), a key player in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that NEAT1 contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy by regulating GRK2 expression. Consistent with this, Neat1-/-mice are resistant to β-adrenergic stimulation. Overall, our study provides enough evidence that NEAT1 is a calcium-regulated, pro-hypertrophic lncRNA that exerts significant control over the transcriptional landscape of cardiomyocytes during heart failure.
Control of the signaling of RAS proteins by modulating their palmitoylation
Authors: Zhu Jiakai , Guo Ruiying , Hu Qi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSmall GTPases, such as the RAS family proteins, are key regulators of cell proliferation and oncogenesis. S-palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by ZDHHC enzymes, plays an important role in the regulation of many small GTPases by modulating their subcellular localization. However, development of chemical tools to modulate S-palmitoylation remains challenging due to the redundancy and poor druggability of ZDHHC enzymes. Here, we developed an approach to control the signaling of RAS proteins by modulating their palmitoylation through fusing acyl-protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) to their N-termini. Usingin vitroand cell assays, we showed that the subcellular localization and signaling of NRAS in the fusion protein can be reversibly controlled by an APT1 inhibitor, ML348. This approach enables the observation of temporal changes in RAS protein localization, providing a useful tool for studying RAS signaling. Furthermore, similar approaches may be used to control the signaling of other small GTPases.
A priority code in presequences: mitochondrial targeting signals assign specific import characteristics to precursor proteins
Authors: Rödl Saskia , Hoffman Yasmin , Jung Felix , Nutz Annika , Egeler Annika , Räschle Markus , Storchova Zuzana , Mühlhaus Timo , Herrmann Johannes M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe biogenesis of mitochondria relies on the import of hundreds of different precursor proteins from the cytosol. Most of these proteins are synthesized with N-terminal presequences which serve as mitochondrial targeting signals. Presequences consistently form amphipathic helices, but they considerably differ in respect to their primary structure and length. Here we show that presequences can be classified into seven different groups based on their specific features. Using a test set of different presequences, we observed that group A presequences endow precursor proteins with improvedin vitroimport characteristics. We developed IQ-Compete (for Import and de-Quenching Competition assay), a novel assay based on fluorescence de-quenching, to monitor the import efficiencies of mitochondrial precursorsin vivo. With this assay, we confirmed the increased import competence of group A presequences. Using mass spectrometry, we found that the presequence of the group A protein Oxa1 specifically recruits the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) containing protein TOMM34 to the cytosolic precursor protein. TOMM34 apparently serves as a presequence-specific targeting factor which increases the import efficiency of a specific subset of mitochondrial precursor proteins. Our results suggest that presequences contain a protein-specific priority code that encrypts the targeting mechanism of individual mitochondrial precursor proteins.
Simultaneous Determination of Fragmentation Functions and Test on Momentum Sum Rule
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu ChongYang , Shen XiaoMin , Xing Hongxi , Zhao Yuxiang 
Published: June 2024

We perform a simultaneous global analysis of hadron fragmentation functions (FFs) to various charged hadrons (π±, K±, and p/p¯) at next-to-leading order in QCD. The world data include results from electron-positron single-inclusive annihilation, semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, as well as proton-proton collisions including jet fragmentation measurements for the first time, which lead to strong constraints on the gluon fragmentations. By carefully selecting hadron kinematics to ensure the validity of QCD factorization and the convergence of perturbative calculations, we achieve a satisfying best fit with χ2/d.o.f.=0.90. The total momentum of u, d quarks and gluon carried by light charged hadrons have been determined precisely, urging precision determinations of FFs to neutral hadrons for a test of fundamental sum rules in QCD fragmentation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Strengthening green competitive advantage through organizational learning and green marketing capabilities in a big data environment: a moderated-mediation model
Authors: Zameer Hashim , Wang Ying , Yasmeen Humaira 
Published: June 2024

PurposeBig data capabilities have the potential to completely transform conventional methods of doing business. Nevertheless, the role of big data capabilities in fostering green marketing capabilities and improving green competitive advantage is still not fully understood. To add new knowledge, this paper aims to propose a moderated mediation model to strengthen green competitive advantage in a big data environment. The model introduces both the mediating role of green marketing capabilities and the moderating role of big data capabilities. We developed and empirically tested a moderated mediation model.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, we have adopted a survey-based methodology. The study collected data from 337 managers and empirically analyzed it to test the theoretical model of moderated mediation. We employed structural equation modeling for empirical analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that organizational learning improves green marketing capabilities, whereas the relationship between organizational learning and green competitive advantage is insignificant. The mediating role of green marketing capabilities in the relationship between organizational learning and green competitive advantage was statistically significant, indicating that green marketing capabilities serve as a bridge between organizational learning and green competitive advantage. Big data capabilities moderate the relationship between organizational learning and green marketing capabilities. The moderated mediation was also significant, highlighting that big data capabilities further strengthen the indirect effects of organizational learning on green competitive advantage via green marketing capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper delivers theoretical and practical understandings of the importance of organizational learning and big data capabilities. Similarly, it extends current knowledge and provides key insights for managerial decision-making.
Semiconductor production, geopolitics and the CHIPS ACT of 2022: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Hyatt Katherine , Ryle Patrick M. , McKnight Mark A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine rising geopolitical tensions associated with the implementation of the US Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) Act of 2022.

Design/methodology/approach
To provide background for the analysis, the authors conduct a theoretic analysis of the literature to introduce the current geopolitical environment while examining the rising threat of conflict, general factors driving change in the world order, and the critical role that the international semiconductor supply chain plays to all involved.

Findings
In this paper, the authors observe that in good times, economic forces drive capital-intensive industries toward a free-trade-inspired concentration of manufacturing in low-cost centers of production. In challenging economic and geopolitical times, however, the trend reverses toward retrenchment and what some call techno-nationalism. This occurs as nations struggle to secure access to critical sources of supply for themselves while stifling access for competitors and rivals.

Practical implications
The CHIPS Act of 2022 signifies a pivotal change in global trade dynamics, shifting away from liberal norms to techno-nationalism. This shift may spark supply chain hurdles as countries adopt nationalistic sourcing, potentially causing shortages in vital components like chips. Consequently, consumers may face disruptions as companies seek alternative suppliers, resulting in higher costs and lower-quality products. Supply chain disruptions may also delay product launches, and retaliatory trade actions could affect multiple industries, limiting access to lucrative markets.

Originality/value
The passage of the US CHIPS Act of 2022 has major implications related to global supply chain issues and potential geopolitical concerns. This study uses the threat of potential conflict as a lens for examining the international semiconductor supply chain.
Job autonomy and cyberloafing: a mediated moderation model of work engagement and mindfulness
Authors: Khari Chitra , Sinha Shuchi 
Published: June 2024

PurposeTo investigate the mediating role of work engagement (WE) between job autonomy and cyberloafing and the moderating effect of mindfulness on the linkage between work engagement and cyberloafing.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted using an online questionnaire survey. Data were gathered from 266 full-time working professionals in India. Hierarchical regression analysis and, SPSS PROCESS version 4.0 (model 14) were employed to analyze the mediated moderation effect.FindingsResults showed that job autonomy reduced cyberloafing of employees through WE and the mediation effect was stronger when employees were high on mindfulness.Research limitations/implicationsResults indicate that job autonomy and mindfulness have a considerable impact on employee cyberloafing behavior. Organizations seeking to reduce employee cyberloafing behavior could benefit by considering job autonomy as well as supporting employee mindfulness.Originality/value This study adds to the understanding of cyberloafing antecedents particularly, the role of job autonomy and WE. Additionally, it examines how mindfulness self-regulates with regard to cyberloafing and contributes to the growing body of mindfulness research and its impact on counterproductive behavior at work.
Predicting heat transfer rate and system entropy based on combining artificial neural network with numerical simulation
Authors: Elshehabey Hillal M. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present numerical simulations for magnetohydrodynamics natural convection of a nanofluid flow inside a cavity with an H-shaped obstacle based on combining artificial neural network (ANN) with the finite element method (FEM), and predict the heat transfer rate and system entropy.

Design/methodology/approach
The enclosure is assumed to be inclined. Changing the inclination angle results in a different obstacle shape, which affects the buoyancy force. Hence, different configurations of the contours of the fluid flow, isotherms and the entropy of the system are obtained. The outer walls of the cavity as well as the central part of the obstacle are kept adiabatic. The left vertical portion of the hindrance is cooled, whereas the right vertical part of the obstacle is a heated wall. Using dimensionless variables allows obtaining a dimensionless version of the governing system of equations that is solved via the consistency FEM. The coupled problem of pressure and velocity is overcome via the Increment Pressure Correction Scheme, which is known for its accuracy and stability for similar simple problems. A numerical computation is performed across a broad range of the governing parameters. A total of 304 data sets were used in the development of an ANN model. That data set was conducted from the numerical simulations. The data set underwent optimization, with 70% sets used for training the model, 15% for validation and another 15% for the testing phase. The training of the network model used the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm.

Findings
From the numerical simulations, it is concluded that the H-shaped obstacle boosts heat transfer rate in comparison with the I-shaped case. Also, raising the value of the inclination angle improves the entropy of the system presented by the Bejen number. Furthermore, strength heat transfer rate is obtained via decreasing the Hartmann number while this decrease decays the values of the Bejen number for both positive and negative amounts of the nonlinear Boussinesq parameter. Slower velocity and a better heat transfer rate characterize nanofluid compared with pure fluid. Leveraging the capabilities of the ANN, the developed model adeptly forecasts the values of both the average Nusselt and Bejen numbers with a high degree of accuracy.

Originality/value
A novel fusion of FEM and ANN has been tailored to forecast the heat transfer rate and system entropy of MHD natural convective flow within an inclined cavity containing an H-shaped obstacle, amid various physical influences.
Effect of layering outerwear on innerwear and air gap between the two layers on thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics
Authors: Kammeta Meghana , Palaniswamy N.K. 
Published: June 2024

PurposeIn everyday life, people generally wear two layers of clothes (a knitted vest and a knitted t-shirt) during the summer. It is essential to understand which types of innerwear and outerwear maximize comfort. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of layering outerwear on innerwear, as well as the air gap between two layers, on thermal comfort properties.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a total of 12 combinations were created from four vest fabrics and three T-shirt fabrics. The thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, thermal diffusion and peak heat flow) were evaluated for the individual inner and outer layers. Each inner layer was layered with an outer layer to observe the effect of layering on the thermal properties. An air gap of 2 mm was introduced between the inner and outer layers to study the effect of air gap on thermal properties.FindingsTencel fibre exhibits higher thermal conductivity and absorptivity than cotton and polyester. Upon layering an outer layer on an inner layer, the thermal conductivity and thermal absorptivity increase to a slight extent, thermal resistance and diffusion increase drastically and the peak heat flow reduces. With an air gap between the two layers, the thermal conductivity did not improve, the difference in thermal resistance among all the combinations reduced, the thermal absorptivity of the combination textiles was lower than that of the innerwear alone, the thermal diffusion increased and the peak heat flow diminished for all the combinations.Practical implicationsIn practice, this comprehensive thermal comfort analysis provides specific combinations of inner and outer articles of clothing that are most appropriate for enhancing comfort during the summer season.Originality/valueThough there are many studies on the effect of multilayer fabrics on thermal properties, no extensive research analyses the influence of innerwear and outerwear combinations on thermal comfort properties.