bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry, Dissipation, Cooling, and the Dynamical Evolution of Wind-blown Bubbles
Authors: Lancaster Lachlan , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Chang-Goo , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Bryan Greg L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bubbles driven by energy and mass injection from small scales are ubiquitous in astrophysical fluid systems and essential to feedback across multiple scales. In particular, O stars in young clusters produce high-velocity winds that create hot bubbles in the surrounding gas. We demonstrate that the dynamical evolution of these bubbles is critically dependent upon the geometry of their interfaces with their surroundings and the nature of heat transport across these interfaces. These factors together determine the amount of energy that can be lost from the interior through cooling at the interface, which in turn determines the ability of the bubble to do work on its surroundings. We further demonstrate that the scales relevant to physical dissipation across this interface are extremely difficult to resolve in global numerical simulations of bubbles for parameter values of interest. This means the dissipation driving evolution of these bubbles in numerical simulations is often of a numerical nature. We describe the physical and numerical principles that determine the level of dissipation in these simulations; we use this, along with a fractal model for the geometry of the interfaces, to explain differences in convergence behavior between hydrodynamical and magnetohydrodynamical simulations presented here. We additionally derive an expression for momentum as a function of bubble radius expected when the relevant dissipative scales are resolved and show that it still results in efficiently cooled solutions, as postulated in previous work.
Single-epoch and Differential Astrometric Microlensing of Quasars
Authors: Forés-Toribio R. , Mediavilla E. , Muñoz J. A. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Fian C. , del Burgo C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose and discuss a new experimental approach to measure the centroid shift induced by gravitational microlensing in the images of lensed quasars (astrometric microlensing). Our strategy is based on taking the photocenter of a region in the quasar large enough as to be insensitive to microlensing as reference to measure the centroid displacement of the continuum. In this way, single-epoch measurements of astrometric microlensing can be performed. Using numerical simulations, we show that, indeed, the centroid shift monotonically decreases as the size of the emitting region increases, and only for relatively large regions, like the broad line region (BLR), does the centroid shift become negligible. This opens interesting possibilities to study the stratification of the different emitters in the accretion disk and the BLR. We estimate the amplitude of the centroid shifts for 79 gravitationally lensed images and study more thoroughly the special cases Q2237+030 A, RXJ1131-1231 A, PG1115+080 A2, and SDSS J1004+4112 A. We propose to use spectro-astrometry to simultaneously obtain the photocenters of the continuum and of different emission line regions since, with the precision of forthcoming instruments, astrometric microlensing by ∼1 M
⊙ mass microlenses may be detected in many quasar lensed images. When we consider more massive micro/millilenses, M ≳ 10 M
⊙, often proposed as the constituents of dark matter, the BLR becomes sensitive to microlensing and can no longer be used as a positional reference to measure centroid shifts. Differential microlensing between the images of a lensed quasar along several epochs should be used instead.
Possible Supercritical Accretion on the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source in the Metal-poor Galaxy I Zw 18
Authors: Yoshimoto Marina , Yoneyama Tomokage , Noda Hirofumi , Odaka Hirokazu , Matsumoto Hironori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present an analysis of X-ray observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in I Zw 18 based on archival data taken with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Suzaku. This ULX is considered to be an intermediate-mass black hole candidate simply because it is in the lowest-metallicity environment among ULXs, where the formation of heavy black holes is facilitated. However, actual study of the ULX based on observations spanning for a long period has been too limited to determine its nature. In this study, we investigate the spectral evolution of the ULX up to 2014, combining the previously unpublished Suzaku data with those from the other two satellites. We derive a positive correlation of

L
∝

T

in

2.1
±
0.4

between the bolometric luminosity L and inner-disk temperature T
in on the basis of the multicolor disk blackbody model, where we exclude the Chandra data, which have the lowest luminosity and systematic residuals in the fitting. The nominal relation

L
∝

T

in

4

for the standard disk is rejected at a significance level of 1.5%. These results suggest that the ULX was in the slim-disk state during these observations except at the time of the Chandra observation, in which the ULX was likely to be in a different state. The apparent inner-disk radius appears negatively correlated with the inner-disk temperature. Moreover, we find a radial dependence of the disk temperature of T(r) ∝ r
−p
with p < 0.75, which also supports the hypothesis that the ULX has a slim disk. Therefore, the I Zw 18 ULX is most likely to be powered by a stellar-mass compact object in supercritical accretion.
jetsimpy: A Highly Efficient Hydrodynamic Code for Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow
Authors: Wang 王 Hao 灏 , Dastidar Ranadeep G. , Giannios Dimitrios , Duffell Paul C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are emissions from ultrarelativistic blast waves produced by a narrow jet interacting with surrounding matter. Since the first multimessenger observation of a neutron star merger, hydrodynamic modeling of GRB afterglows for structured jets with smoothly varying angular energy distributions has gained increased interest. While the evolution of a jet is well described by self-similar solutions in both ultrarelativistic and Newtonian limits, modeling the transitional phase remains challenging. This is due to the nonlinear spreading of a narrow jet to a spherical configuration and the breakdown of self-similar solutions. Analytical models are limited in capturing these nonlinear effects, while relativistic hydrodynamic simulations are computationally expensive, which restricts the exploration of various initial conditions. In this work, we introduce a reduced hydrodynamic model that approximates the blast wave as an infinitely thin two-dimensional surface. Further assuming axial symmetry, this model simplifies the simulation to one dimension and drastically reduces the computational costs. We have compared our modeling to relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and semianalytic methods, and applied it to fit the light curve and flux centroid motion of GRB 170817A. These comparisons demonstrate good agreement and validate our approach. We have developed this method into a numerical tool, jetsimpy, which models the synchrotron GRB afterglow emission from a blast wave with arbitrary angular energy and Lorentz factor distribution. Although the code is built with GRB afterglow in mind, it applies to any relativistic jet. This tool is particularly useful in Markov Chain Monte Carlo studies and is provided to the community.
La délicatesse comme antidote à toutes formes de violence en thérapie
Authors: Baronetto Brigitte 
Published: July 2024

Présente au plus profond de moi, la délicatesse colore le fond de mon être thérapeute, m’aide à accompagner la détresse et parfois la violence exprimée par mes patients. Elle se décline en fonction du contexte, parfois accueillante, parfois bienveillante, parfois patiente ou encore contenante, mais aussi confrontante. Au travers de quelques cas choisis pour illustrer chacun de ces qualificatifs, l’autrice tente de montrer comment la délicatesse permet un ajustement créateur et la coconstruction de nouveauté pour le patient et le thérapeute : l’admirable énergie de l’obstination dans la douceur.
The Book of Mrs Noah (1987) de Michèle Roberts : un roman aux sentiers qui bifurquent
Authors: Guignery Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

Cet article se propose d’analyser les tours et détours de la narration dans The Book of Mrs Noah de Michèle Roberts où la ligne narrative principale, elle-même serpentine, est sans cesse interrompue par des lignes secondaires, digressives, qui semblent retarder indéfiniment la perspective d’un telos. L’étude porte d’une part sur les figures de l’entropie en tant que désordre, brouillage et régression, et d’autre part sur la structure répétitive et circulaire de l’ouvrage. Il ressort de cette rencontre de forces contradictoires un parcours résolument créatif qui mène à l’avènement d’écrivains et d’écritures, et célèbre la « vitalité du chaos » (Glissant).
Comparaison de trois évaluations de la compréhension en France
Authors: Bishop Marie-France , Picard Thomas 
Published: July 2024

L’article présente une analyse comparée de trois évaluations de la compréhension des textes élaborées pour les élèves du cycle 3, en France. Grâce à la comparaison des tâches demandées aux élèves, deux conceptions très différentes de la compréhension et de son enseignement apparaissent. Ces différences qui ne sont pas anodines ont des effets importants pour les professeurs et pour les élèves, car elles déterminent des seuils de réussite qui peuvent connaitre de grandes variations. Les évaluations étant utilisées comme des outils de pilotage pédagogique, elles déterminent ce qui est travaillé en formation des enseignants, et ce qui doit être enseigné dans les classes. À ce titre, elles jouent un rôle politique important.
Scientific literacy in the age of misinformation
Authors: Abeysekera Ajit 
Published: July 2024

Many of the important issues that confront society today such as mitigating climate change, alternative energy sources, genetically modified organisms and the use of pesticides and weedicides in agriculture, require the general public to possess scientific literacy to understand and decide amongst different proposals presented by policy makers and politicians. However, it is clear that in today’s world, scientific literacy which is limited only to a knowledge of some basic theories and facts regarding the natural world does not enable society to take reasonable decisions on these issues.
This is mainly due to the fact that the controls that existed in the flow of scientific information, such as boards of scientific and academic organizations, editors and knowledgeable science journalists are now being by-passed via social media and the internet. Various ideological and political campaigns are now behind much of what passes as “science”. Fidelity to the truth is no longer a concern. The anti-vaccine drive in many technologically advanced countries during the Covid-19 pandemic, and the banning of chemical fertilizers in Sri Lanka in 2021 stand as illustrative examples. An unfortunate by-product of the digital revolution has been the current age of misinformation.
While the implications of these developments for democracy and freedom of expression are being debated, it is evident that being a scientifically literate person implies the ability to evaluate the trustworthiness of science-related information that is so readily available on the internet. The different fields of science are so highly specialized today, that it may not be possible even for a scientist to evaluate the evidence for a particular claim outside one’s own specialty with certainty. Thus, the starting point for both scientists and the general public has to be to assess the trustworthiness of their sources of information. This may not be as straightforward as it seems, but the kinds of questions that should be looked into are conflict of interest, ideological bias, credentials for expertise and level of agreement with other experts in the field. Being able to evaluate ‘who’ is making a claim becomes as important as considering ‘what’ is being claimed.
Yiqi Jiedu Huayu decoction inhibits precancerous lesions of chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zheng Zi-Han , Wan Tao , Liao Chuan-Wen , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a prevalent chronic gastritis usually accompanied by precancerous lesions such as intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. The increasing application of traditional Chinese medicine in CAG treatment has shown promising results with low side effects and significant efficacy.
AIM
To investigate the pharmacological effects of Yiqi Jiedu Huayu decoction (YJHD) on precancerous lesions of CAG.
METHODS
A CAG rat model was established by Helicobacter pylori bacteria solution combined with N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Histopathological measurements were conducted by hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Serum levels of inflammatory factors and gastric mucosal-related factors were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein and mRNA levels were quantified via western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. Molecular interaction was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay.
RESULTS
YJHD greatly attenuated pathological changes in the gastric mucosa and precancerous lesions in CAG rats. Meanwhile, YJHD treatment reduced serum levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein] and increased serum levels of gastric mucosal-related factors (gastrin, pepsin, somatostatin and prostaglandin E2) in CAG rats. In addition, YJHD administration suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated cell pyroptosis, as well as the activation of TLR4/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways. Mechanically, ChIP experiments confirmed that NLRP3 transcription was regulated by TLR4/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
CONCLUSION
Taken together, YJHD alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis of epithelial cells in CAG, potentially through the inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 pathways.
RBM5 suppresses proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells via stabilizing phosphatase and tensin homolog mRNA
Authors: Wang Chu-Xiang , Liu Feng , Wang Yi 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
RNA binding motif 5 (RBM5) has emerged as crucial regulators in many cancers.
AIM
To explore more functional and mechanistic exploration of RBM5 since the lack of research on RBM5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) dictates that is essential.
METHODS
Through Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, we analyzed RBM5 expression in colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma tissues. For detecting the mRNA expression of RBM5, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction was performed. Protein expression levels of RBM5, hexokinase 2, lactate dehydrogenase A, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), and AKT were determined via Western blot. Functionally, cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay were performed to evaluate proliferation of CRC cells. Invasiveness and migration of CRC cells were evaluated through conducting transwell assays. Glucose consumption, lactate production and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) production were measured through a glucose assay kit, a lactate assay kit and an ATP production assay kit, respectively. Besides, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, half-life RT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay were applied to detect interaction between RBM5 and PTEN. To establish a xenotypic tumor mice, CRC cells were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of each mouse. Protein expression of RBM5, Ki67, and PTEN in tumor tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry staining. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate tumor liver metastasis in mice.
RESULTS
We discovered down-regulation of RBM5 expression in CRC tissues and cells. RBM5 overexpression repressed proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Meantime, RBM5 impaired glycolysis in CRC cells, presenting as decreased glucose consumption, decreased lactate production and decreased ATP production. Besides, RBM5 bound to PTEN mRNA to stabilize its expression. PTEN expression was positively regulated by RBM5 in CRC cells. The protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT were significantly decreased after RBM5 overexpression. The suppressive influences of RBM5 on glycolysis, proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells were partially counteracted by PTEN knockdown. RBM5 suppressed tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo .
CONCLUSION
This investigation provided new evidence that RBM5 was involved in CRC by binding to PTEN, expanding the importance of RBM5 in the treatment of CRC.
Clinical and pathological features of advanced rectal cancer with submesenteric root lymph node metastasis: Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhu Fu-Xiang , Shi Min 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Advanced rectal cancer with submesenteric lymph node metastasis is a common complication of advanced rectal cancer, which has an important impact on the treatment and prognosis of patients.
AIM
To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) root lymph node metastases in patients with rectal cancer. The findings of this study provided us with fresh medical information that assisted us in determining the appropriate treatment for these patients.
METHODS
Our study searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases and searched the relevant studies and reports on the risk factors of IMA root lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer published in the self-built database until December 31, 2023. After data extraction, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis and heterogeneity testing. The fixed effect modules without heterogeneity were selected to combine the effect size, and the random effect modules with heterogeneity were selected to combine the effect size. The cause of heterogeneity was found through sensitivity analysis, and the data of various risk factors were combined to obtain the final effect size, odds ratio (OR) value, and 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was tested by drawing funnel plots.
RESULTS
A total of seven literature were included in this study. By combining the OR value of logistic multivariate regression and the 95%CI of various risk factors, we concluded that the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in the IMA region of rectal cancer were as follows: Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 5 ng/mL (OR = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.18-0.55, P < 0.05), tumor located above peritoneal reflexive (OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.78-5.42, P < 0.05), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.22-0.57, P < 0.05), pathological type (mucinous adenocarcinoma/sig-ring cell carcinoma) (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.13-0.41, P < 0.05), degree of tumor differentiation (low differentiation) (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.10-0.31, P < 0.05), tumor stage (T3-4 stage) (OR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.04-0.26, P < 0.05), gender and age were not risk factors for IMA root lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Preoperative CEA level, tumor location, tumor size, tumor pathologic type, tumor differentiation, and T stage were correlated with IMA root lymph node metastasis.
Heavy Metal Contamination In Surface Water And Macrobrachium Tissues Along Eagle Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ukamaka Owoh Etete , Oluwagbenga J  Ogunbiyi , Chioma U Umeasiegbu , Elizabeth K Oni , Harrison E Iyare 
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the level of selected heavy metals in the surface water and macrobrachium along Eagle Island, Bonny Estuary. Triplicate samples were collected from four locations for six months (May-October 2021). Samples were processed and analysed for heavy metals according to standards. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals (chromium: Cr, lead: Pb, nickel: Ni and zinc: Zn) in water from the four studied locations had similar mean values of 0.001±0.00. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation in the level of heavy metals in macrobrachium in all the locations. The mean Cr value of 0.15±0.46 mg/kg, 0.001±0.00 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg and 0.03±0.05 mg/kg was observed. For Pb, 0.09±0.00 mg/kg, 2.15±0.03 mg/kg, 0.05±0.00 mg/kg and 0.003±0.00 mg/kg were recorded. For Ni, 0.23±0.01 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg, 0.08±0.00 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were obtained. For Zn, 2.11±0.01 mg/kg, 2.06±0.00 mg/kg, 0.46±0.30 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were recorded, respectively, from Eagle Island - UST Bar gate, Mgboshimili, Ogbogolo and Rumueme. The concentration of heavy metals in water fell below WHO and FEPA limits for drinking water. In contrast, some heavy metal levels in macrobrachium from Eagle Island exceeded the regulatory limits set by WHO. The observed increase in these heavy metals may be due to oil bunkering activities within the creeks. Thus, the level of some heavy metals in macrobrachium from water bodies (Station I and II) pose a concern as it may cause some health risks and implications for man, who is the final consumer.
Evaluating the ameliorative effect of aqueous <i>Azadirachta indica</i> leaf extract on alcohol-induced liver damage in adult Wistar rats.
Authors: Obayuwana E. , Okereke J.N. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alcoholism is a significant cause of disease with serious social and economic implications and consequent effect on the brain, liver and cardiovascular system. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been studied for its potential hepatoprotective effects, and some studies have explored its relation to liver health. However, few literatures demonstrated the hepatoprotective activities of Neem on alcohol-induced liver toxicity, hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of Neem on alcohol-induced liver damage.
METHODOLOGY: Thirty Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 170 grams were divided into six groups,(I-VI) of 5 rats per group and received, 1 ml of distilled water for 28 days, 1 ml of 50% alcohol only, 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica only, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica, 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 500 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica respectively. Alcohol and Azadirachta indica were administered for 14 eacg. At the end of the 14 and 28 days of treatment, blood and liver tissue were collected for analysis of liver function test and histology of the liver respectively.
RESULTS: There was significant reduction in weight changes in rats treated with 1 ml of 50% alcohol and 250 mg/kg body weight of Azadirachta indica when compared to control. There was significant increase (P˂0.05) AST in the alcohol only group when compared to control which was reversed with treatment of Azadirachta indica. There was a significant increase (P˂0.05) in TP, ALB, TB levels of alcoholic groups treated with 500 mg/kg body weights of Azadirachta indica when compared to alcohol only group. Histopathological analysis showed improved architecture in rats liver treated with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica.
CONCLUSION: Azadirachta indica has hepatoprotective and ameliorative activities against alcohol-induced liver toxicity by enhancing the activities of AST, AST, TB TP, ALB and normal liver architecture as observed in this study.
“La Iglesia de Roma e el rey de Francia, que fueron e son siempre una cosa": Alfonso X y Francia
Authors: Jardin Jean Pierre 
Published: July 2024

En este artículo, me propongo estudiar las relaciones del rey Alfonso X con Francia, tanto desde el punto de vista de la práctica real de gobierno como desde el de la concepción que el rey Sabio se hace de la actuación política de los reyes galos, sus vecinos y parientes, especialmente de su política religiosa, con el fin de mejor comprender la decisión que toma en su testamento de incluir al rey Felipe III en la lista de sus posibles sucesores en el trono castellano y la identificación sorprendente que establece entre “la Iglesia de Roma” y “el rey de Francia”.