bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the Built Environment Related to Physical Activity Friendliness and Children's Obesity and Other Risk Factors
Authors: Taylor Wendell C. , Upchurch Sandra L. , Brosnan Christine A. , Selwyn Beatrice J. , Nguyen Thong Q. , Villagomez Evangelina Trejo , Meininger Janet C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the relationships among environmental features of physical activity friendliness, socioeconomic indicators, and prevalence of obesity (BMI status), central adiposity (waist circumference, waist‐height ratio), and hypertension.Design and SampleThe design was cross‐sectional; the study was correlational. The sample was 911 kindergarteners through sixth graders from three schools in an urban school district residing in 13 designated neighborhoods.MeasuresData from walking environmental community audits, census data for socioeconomic indicators, body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐height ratio, and blood pressure were analyzed. A modified Alfonzo's Hierarchy of Walking Needs model was the conceptual framework for environmental features (i.e., accessibility, safety, comfort, and pleasurability) related to physical activity.ResultsAccessibility was significantly and negatively correlated with prevalence of obesity and with prevalence of a waist‐height ratio >0.50. When neighborhood education was controlled, and when both neighborhood education and poverty were controlled with partial correlational analysis, comfort features of a walking environment were significantly and positively related to prevalence of obesity. When poverty was controlled with partial correlation, accessibility was significantly and negatively correlated with prevalence of waist‐height ratio >0.50.ConclusionsThe built environment merits further research to promote physical activity and stem the obesity epidemic in children. Our approach can be a useful framework for future research.
Child Eating Behaviors and Caregiver Feeding Practices in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kral Tanja V. E. , Souders Margaret C. , Tompkins Victoria H. , Remiker Adriane M. , Eriksen Whitney T. , Pinto‐Martin Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study compared children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing children (TDC) on weight‐related outcomes and caregiver‐reported child eating behaviors and feeding practices.Design and SampleCross‐sectional study. Caregivers of 25 children with ASD and 30 TDC, ages 4–6.MethodsCaregivers completed validated questionnaires that assessed child eating behaviors and feeding practices. Children's height, weight, and waist circumference were measured.ResultsChildren with ASD, when compared to TDC, showed significantly greater abdominal waist circumferences (p = .01) and waist‐to‐height ratios (p < .001). Children with ASD with atypical oral sensory sensitivity exhibited greater food avoidance behaviors, including reluctance to eat novel foods (p = .004), being selective about the range of foods they accept (p = .03), and undereating due to negative emotions (p = .02), than children with ASD with typical oral sensory sensitivity. Caregivers of children with ASD with atypical oral sensory sensitivity reported using food to regulate negative child emotions to a greater extent than caregivers of children with typical oral sensory sensitivity (p = .02).DiscussionChildren with ASD, especially those with atypical oral sensory sensitivity, are at increased risk for food avoidance behaviors and may require additional support in several feeding domains.
Evaluation of the Breeding Soundness of Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius) via Clinical Examination, Semen Analysis, Ultrasonography and Testicular Biopsy: A Summary of 80 Clinical Cases
Authors: Waheed MM , Ghoneim IM , Hassieb MM , Alsumait AA 
Published: August 2014

ContentsMale camel infertility is a heterogeneous disorder. A variety of factors may adversely affect sperm production and function and impair fertility. This study was designed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography and testicular biopsy in the evaluation of the breeding soundness of male dromedaries compared with results obtained by clinical examination and semen analysis. Eighty‐four male dromedary camels (5–15 years old) were used in this study during the rutting season (November–May). Four sexually mature male camels were used as controls. These animals were apparently healthy and had histories of normal fertility. Eighty infertile male camels were subjected to an algorithmic approach based on information collected during careful examinations of the camels' breeding histories, clinical examinations, testicular evaluations, testicular ultrasonographies, the results of the semen analyses and testicular biopsies to diagnose the camels' infertilities. The differences in the semen parameters between the control and infertile male camels were highly significant (p < 0.01). Regarding the diagnoses of male camel infertility, the results of testicular ultrasonographies and biopsies were compared with those from the semen analyses, and the accuracies of these tests were 92.5% and 90%, respectively. Additionally, the results of the testicular ultrasonographies were matched with those of the testicular biopsies of the infertile animals, and this comparison resulted in 85% accuracy. Testicular biopsy is a promising method that, along with a carefully performed history, clinical examination, an appropriate testicular ultrasonography procedure and semen analysis, can afford veterinarians the opportunity for more precise diagnosis and treatment of many dromedary infertility disorders.
Dyspnoea and comorbidity contribute to anxiety and depression in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Holland Anne E. , Fiore Julio F. , Bell Emily C. , Goh Nicole , Westall Glen , Symons Karen , Dowman Leona , Glaspole Ian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivesLittle is known about the prevalence of anxiety in interstitial lung disease (ILD), and the contributors to depression are not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression in people with ILD.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐four individuals with ILD (age 64 years (standard deviation 12), 48 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) participated. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to determine likely cases and borderline cases. Associations with demographic data, respiratory function, 6‐min walk and Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (MMRC) were examined.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety was 31%, with clinically significant anxiety in 12%. Depression was present in 23% of individuals, with 7% having clinically significant depression. Independent predictors of anxiety were a higher MMRC score (P = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) for case 2.60, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 4.92) and higher nadir SpO2 during walking (P = 0.003, OR for case 1.16, 1.04–1.30). Independent predictors of depression were a higher MMRC score (P = 0.006, case OR 3.84, 1.25–11.78, borderline case OR 2.44, 1.14–5.19) and a greater number of comorbidities (P = 0.003, case OR 2.02, 0.97–4.21, borderline case OR 2.26, 1.30–3.93).ConclusionsAnxiety and depression are present in a significant minority of individuals with ILD. Dyspnoea and comorbidities are important contributors that may be amenable to intervention.
Cool water geyser travertine: Crystal Geyser, Utah, USA
Authors: Barth Jennifer A. , Chafetz Henry S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA sloping travertine mound, approximately 85 m across and a few metres thick is actively forming from cool temperature waters issuing out of Crystal Geyser, east‐central Utah, USA. Older travertine deposits exist at the site, the waters having used the Little Grand Wash Fault system as conduits. In contrast, the present Crystal Geyser travertine mound forms from 18°C waters which have been erupting for the last 80 years from an abandoned oil well. The present Crystal Geyser travertine accumulation forms from a ‘man‐made’ cool temperature geyser system; nevertheless, the constituents are an analogue for ancient geyser‐fed carbonate deposits. The travertine primary fabric is composed of couplets of highly porous, thin micritic laminae intercalated with thicker iron oxide rich laminae. Low Mg‐calcite is the dominant mineralogy; however, aragonite is a major constituent in deposits proximal to the vent and decreases in abundance distally. Cements exhibit a variety of fabrics, isopachous being common. Constituents include micro‐stromatolites, clasts, pisoids and the common occurrence of Frutexites‐like iron oxide precipitates. Leptothrix, a common iron‐oxidizing bacterium, is believed to be responsible for the production of the dense iron‐rich laminae. Pisoids litter the ground around the vent and rapidly decrease distally in abundance and size.
Mapping bathymetry and depositional facies on Great Bahama Bank
Authors: Harris Paul M. (Mitch) , Purkis Sam J. , Ellis James , Swart Peter K. , Reijmer John J. G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSatellite imagery and an extensive set of water‐depth measurements have been used to map and critically evaluate the magnitude and patterns of bathymetry across Great Bahama Bank. Descriptions of previously collected sediment samples were combined with satellite imagery to map and refine the interpreted distribution of surficial carbonate sediments (depositional facies). Data reveal that 60% of Great Bahama Bank lies in 5 m or less of water. The deep portion occurs mainly in a generally east–west trending area in the southern portion of the platform. The re‐evaluation of the facies reveals that Great Bahama Bank is essentially a very grainy platform with muddier accumulations primarily in the lee of Andros Island. This area of Great Bahama Bank also experiences currents related to an excursion of the Florida Current onto the platform top; possibly enhancing sediment mud production through the generation of whitings. Sediment equivalents to mudstones, wackestones and mud‐rich packstones cover 8%, 5% and 14%, respectively, of the platform top, whereas sediment equivalents to mud‐poor packstones, grainstones and rudstones account for 20%, 45% and 3% of the surface area. Boundstones (reefs) were not specifically mapped in this study due to the resolution of the mapping. There is a poor relationship between the occurrence of the depositional texture and water depth, in that the grainier sediment types are abundant across the full range of water depths. The most abrupt lateral facies changes portrayed on the facies maps are observed leeward of islands, areas which also hold the highest diversity in facies type. The majority of the islands on the platform align with the north‐west/south‐east strike of the platform margin and these islands, in turn, exert control on the shape and orientation of facies belts that develop in proximity to them. For this reason, regions of the platform that contain principal islands host facies belts that align with the principal axis of the platform, whereas for regions lacking islands, the facies belts adopt an east–west trend consistent with prevailing winds and currents. There is a clear trend that the wide southern portion of the platform hosts the most continuous expanses of grain‐rich sediments.
Origin, characteristics and distribution of fault‐related and fracture‐related dolomitization: Insights from Mississippian carbonates, Isle of Man
Authors: Hendry James P. , Gregg Jay M. , Shelton Kevin L. , Somerville Ian D. , Crowley Stephen F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractViséan limestones on the Isle of Man host numerous examples of fault‐controlled and fracture‐controlled dolomitization, which have been investigated to determine their macro‐scale to micro‐scale characteristics, geofluid origin, timing and relation to basin evolution. Geobodies composed of fabric destructive, ferroan, non‐planar dolomite range from several centimetres to >300 m wide and tens to hundreds of metres long parallel to faults and/or fractures; they have sharply defined margins, cross‐cut stratigraphy and locally finger out along beds or bed boundaries for tens of metres. Larger geobodies accompany NNE–SSW extensional faults with substantial breccia zones. One of these bodies hosts a sphalerite‐rich breccia deposit cemented by dolomite. Saddle dolomite lines or fills vugs and fractures within dolomite geobodies, and is a minor late diagenetic phase in undolomitized limestones. Replacive dolomite has low matrix porosity owing to non‐planar texture and associated cementation, and there is no evidence for subsequent leaching. Three dolomite stages are discriminated by texture, cathodoluminescence petrography and electron microscopy. Disseminated ‘Dolomite 1’ is substantially replaced and may be residual early diagenetic dolomite. Pervasive ‘Dolomite 2’ and ‘Dolomite 3’ have overlapping carbon–oxygen–strontium isotopic and fluid‐inclusion characteristics that indicate precipitation from allochthonous, high‐temperature (98 to 223°C) and high‐salinity (15 to 24 wt% NaCl eq.) brines. These variably equilibrated with host limestones and mixed with resident pore fluids. Overlying mudrocks formed a seal for ascending fluids. Integration of data from the mineral deposit suggests that fault‐fracture systems tapped different deep‐seated fluid reservoirs at different temperatures, and implies fluid interactions with both metamorphic basement and sedimentary cover in large‐scale circulation systems. This phenomenon probably took place during Mesozoic rifting, although an earlier event at the end of the Early Carboniferous cannot be discounted. In either case, a transient heat flow anomaly, previously unrecognized in the Irish Sea region, may be required to account for the hottest fluids.
GFS9/TT9 contributes to intracellular membrane trafficking and flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ichino Takuji , Fuji Kentaro , Ueda Haruko , Takahashi Hideyuki , Koumoto Yasuko , Takagi Junpei , Tamura Kentaro , Sasaki Ryosuke , Aoki Koh , Shimada Tomoo , Hara‐Nishimura Ikuko 
Published: August 2014

SummaryFlavonoids are the most important pigments for the coloration of flowers and seeds. In plant cells, flavonoids are synthesized by a multi‐enzyme complex located on the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and they accumulate in vacuoles. Two non‐exclusive pathways have been proposed to mediate flavonoid transport to vacuoles: the membrane transporter‐mediated pathway and the vesicle trafficking‐mediated pathway. No molecules involved in the vesicle trafficking‐mediated pathway have been identified, however. Here, we show that a membrane trafficking factor, GFS9, has a role in flavonoid accumulation in the vacuole. We screened a library of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in vesicle trafficking, and isolated the gfs9 mutant with abnormal pale tan‐colored seeds caused by low flavonoid accumulation levels. gfs9 is allelic to the unidentified transparent testa mutant tt9. The responsible gene for these phenotypes encodes a previously uncharacterized protein containing a region that is conserved among eukaryotes. GFS9 is a peripheral membrane protein localized at the Golgi apparatus. GFS9 deficiency causes several membrane trafficking defects, including the mis‐sorting of vacuolar proteins, vacuole fragmentation, the aggregation of enlarged vesicles, and the proliferation of autophagosome‐like structures. These results suggest that GFS9 is required for vacuolar development through membrane fusion at vacuoles. Our findings introduce a concept that plants use GFS9‐mediated membrane trafficking machinery for delivery of not only proteins but also phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, to vacuoles.
Revised systematics and higher classification of pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on molecular data
Authors: Wahlberg Niklas , Rota Jadranka , Braby Michael F. , Pierce Naomi E. , Wheat Christopher W. 
Published: August 2014

The butterfly family Pieridae comprises approximately 1000 described species placed in 85 genera, but the higher classification has not yet been settled. We used molecular data from eight gene regions (one mitochondrial and seven nuclear protein‐coding genes) comprising a total of ~6700 bp from 96 taxa to infer a well‐supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. Based on this hypothesis, we revise the higher classification for all pierid genera. We resurrect the tribe Teracolini stat. rev. in the subfamily Pierinae to include the genera Teracolus, Pinacopteryx, Gideona, Ixias, Eronia, Colotis and most likely Calopieris. We transfer Hebomoia to the tribe Anthocharidini and assign the previously unplaced genera Belenois and Dixeia to the subtribe Aporiina. Three lineages near the base of Pierinae (Leptosia, Elodina and Nepheronia + Pareronia) remain unplaced. For each of these, we describe and delineate new tribes: Elodinini Braby tribus nova, Leptosiaini Braby tribus nova and Nepheroniini Braby tribus nova. The proposed higher classification is based on well‐supported monophyletic groups and is likely to remain stable even with the addition of more data.
Cluster Stability as a New Method to Assess Changes in Performance and its Determinant Factors Over a Season in Young Swimmers
Authors: Morais Jorge E. , Silva António J. , Marinho Daniel A. , Seifert Ludovic , Barbosa Tiago M. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:To apply a new method to identify, classify, and follow up young swimmers based on their performance and its determinant factors over a season and analyze the swimmers’ stability over a competitive season with that method.Methods:Fifteen boys and 18 girls (11.8 ± 0.7 y) part of a national talent-identification scheme were evaluated at 3 different moments of a competitive season. Performance (ie, official 100-m freestyle race time), arm span, chest perimeter, stroke length, swimming velocity, speed fluctuation, coefficient of active drag, propelling efficiency, and stroke index were selected as variables. Hierarchical and k-means cluster analysis were computed.Results:Data suggested a 3-cluster solution, splitting the swimmers according to their performance in all 3 moments. Cluster 1 was related to better performances (talented swimmers), cluster 2 to poor performances (nonproficient swimmers), and cluster 3 to average performance (proficient swimmers) in all moments. Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that 100%, 94%, and 85% of original groups were correctly classified for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd evaluation moments, respectively (0.11 ≤ Λ ≤ 0.80; 5.64 ≤ χ2 ≤ 63.40; 0.001 < P ≤ .68). Membership of clusters was moderately stable over the season (stability range 46.1–75% for the 2 clusters with most subjects).Conclusion:Cluster stability is a feasible, comprehensive, and informative method to gain insight into changes in performance and its determinant factors in young swimmers. Talented swimmers were characterized by anthropometrics and kinematic features.
Reliability and Validity of a New Variable-Power Performance Test in Road Cyclists
Authors: Sharma Avish P. , Elliott Adrian D. , Bentley David J. 
Published: August 2014

Context:Road cycle racing is characterized by significant variability in exercise intensity. Existing protocols attempting to model this aspect display inadequate variation in power output. Furthermore, the reliability of protocols representative of road cycle racing is not well known. There are also minimal data regarding the physiological parameters that best predict performance during variable-power cycling.Purpose:To determine the reliability of mean power output during a new test of variable-power cycling and establish the relationship between physiological attributes typically measured during an incremental exercise test and performance during the variable-power cycling test (VCT).Methods:Fifteen trained male cyclists (mean ± SD age 33 ± 6.5 y, VO2max57.9 ± 4.8 mL · kg−1· min−1) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion for determination of physiological attributes, 2 VCTs (plus familiarization), and a 30-km time trial. The VCT was modeled on data from elite men’s road racing and included significant variation in power output.Results:Mean power output during the VCT showed good reliability (r= .92, CV% = 1.98). Relative power during the self-paced sections of the VCT was most correlated with maximal aerobic power (r= .79) and power at the second ventilatory threshold (r= .69). Blood lactate concentration showed poor reliability between trials (CV% = 13.93%).Conclusions:This study has demonstrated a new reliable protocol simulating the stochastic nature of road cycling races. Further research is needed to determine which factors predict performance during variable-power cycling and the validity of the test in monitoring longitudinal changes in cycling performance.
The Relationship of Training Load to Physical-Capacity Changes During International Tours in High-Performance Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Murphy Alistair P. , Duffield Rob , Kellett Aaron , Reid Machar 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Given the travel that punctuates junior tennis development, an understanding of the changes in fitness owing to touring and the association between training loads (TLs) and fitness on return is vital. The authors investigated physical-capacity changes from pretour to posttour, determining if those changes were related to the TL of athletes on tour.Methods:Thirty junior athletes completed fitness testing before and after 4-wk tours. Testing included double-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), dominant single-leg and nondominant single-leg CMJ, speed (5, 10, 20 m), modified 5-0-5 agility (left and right), 10 × 20-m repeated-sprint ability (RSA), and multistage fitness tests. Repeated-measures ANOVAs determined physical-capacity change, with effect-size analysis establishing the magnitude of change. To avoid regression toward the mean, a 1/3-split technique was implemented for comparative analysis (high to low TLs).Results:Moderate effects (d = 0.50–0.70) for reductions of up to 3.6% in 5-, 10-, and 20-m speeds were observed. However, all remaining changes were only of trivial to small magnitude (d < 0.40). Closer analysis of the interaction between TL and physical capacities (1/3-split) revealed that subjects who completed the greatest amount of total and tennis TL returned with a greater decline in speed and aerobic capacities (d > 0.80). Furthermore, it was observed that match load dictates on- and off-court TL, with an increase in matches won understandably stunting exposure to off-court TL.Conclusions:Specific training should be prescribed on tour to maintain speed characteristics over a 4-wk international tour. On-tour training schedules should be carefully monitored to maximize specific TL exposure after losses on tour.