bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does fetal growth restriction lead to increased brain injury as detected by neonatal cranial ultrasound in premature infants?
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Yahya Zamir , Sasi Arun , Jenkin Graham , Ditchfield Michael , Polglase Graeme R , Miller Suzanne L 
Published: May 2015

AimIntra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause for prematurity as well as a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental deficits. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between IUGR and early brain injury on neonatal cranial ultrasound in preterm infants.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the relationship between IUGR and neonatal cranial ultrasound findings in preterm infants <32 weeks gestation with IUGR, compared with gestation and year of birth‐matched appropriately grown infants, in a tertiary level neonatal unit. Primary outcome was incidence and severity of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leucomalacia (PVL) and hydrocephalus detected by cranial ultrasound in the neonatal period.ResultsA total of 153 IUGR and 306 non‐IUGR preterm infants <32 weeks were included. The rates of IVH (21.6% vs. 23.9%), severe IVH (3.9% vs. 4.6%), PVL (8.4% vs. 9.4%), cystic PVL (2.6% vs. 0%) and hydrocephalus (0.7% vs. 0.3%) were similar in the two groups. Composite outcome of death and severe brain injury (severe IVH, cystic PVL and hydrocephalus) was greater (20.2% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.001) in IUGR infants.ConclusionIUGR did not lead to increased neonatal brain injury on cranial ultrasound but was associated with increased mortality. Advanced neonatal neuroimaging techniques may be necessary to estimate risk and to provide prognostic information of adverse neurological outcomes in this vulnerable population.
What keeps nurses busy in the mental health setting?
Authors: Goulter N. , Kavanagh D. J. , Gardner G. 
Published: May 2015

Accessible Summary
Recent evidence suggests that the interactional work of mental health nursing has been eroded and redirected to the task‐based roles of medicine.
This study utilized work sampling methodology to observe the proportion of time nurses working in a mental health setting spend in direct care, indirect care and service‐related activities.
Nurses spent 32% of their time in direct care, 52% in indirect care and 17% in service‐related activities.
Mental health nurses need to re‐establish their therapeutic availability to maximize consumer experiences and outcomes.
AbstractThe foundation of mental health nursing has historically been grounded in an interpersonal, person‐centred process of health care, yet recent evidence suggests that the interactional work of mental health nursing is being eroded. Literature emphasizes the importance of person‐centred care on consumer outcomes, a model reliant upon the intimate engagement of nurses and consumers. Yet, the arrival of medical interventions in psychiatry has diverted nursing work from the therapeutic nursing role to task‐based roles delegated by medicine, distancing nurses from consumers. This study used work sampling methodology to observe the proportion of time nurses working in an inpatient mental health setting spend in the activities of direct care, indirect care and service‐related activities. Nurses spent 32 of their time in direct care, 52% in indirect care and 17% in service‐related activities. Mental health nurses need to re‐establish their therapeutic availability to maximize consumer experiences and outcomes.
Yeast cell wall and live yeast products and their combination in broiler diets formulated with weekly ingredient variations
Authors: Fowler J. , Hashim M. , Haq A. , Bailey C. A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA 6‐week broiler study was conducted to evaluate whether subjecting the intestinal microflora of broilers to the effect of weekly variations in feed ingredients could be ameliorated by the inclusion of yeast‐derived feed additives: a yeast cell wall extract (YCW), live yeast culture (LY) or their combination (YCW + LY). Recent changes in ingredient prices have motivated producers to formulate diets not necessarily based primarily on corn and soya bean meal. Intestinal microflora in birds can vary significantly based on the ingredient composition of their diet, and the make‐up of the flora can influence overall bird performance. Within the three nutrient phases of this study, birds were fed either a traditional corn–soya ingredient profile or a variable‐ingredient regimen, which had weekly changes in the ingredient composition. There were consistent ameliorative effects of the yeast treatments in both the corn–soya and the variable‐ingredient groups throughout all 6 weeks, with the YCW + LY combination showing a reduced effect when compared to either product fed alone. The effectiveness of YCW and LY on ameliorating the effects of weekly ingredient variations appeared most effective during the starter and grower phases, but was less significant during the sixth week.
Novel insights into post‐glacial vegetation change: functional and phylogenetic diversity in pollen records
Authors: Reitalu Triin , Gerhold Pille , Poska Anneli , Pärtel Meelis , Väli Vivika , Veski Siim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuestionHow do pollen‐based functional and phylogenetic diversity help to explain post‐glacial vegetation change in relation to climate and human influence?LocationEstonia and Latvia, NE Europe.MethodsWe used a data set of 1062 pollen samples from 20 sites covering the last 14 500 yrs to estimate plant richness, evenness, functional and phylogenetic diversity (community‐weighted mean and mean pair‐wise distance). We adjusted existing functional and phylogenetic diversity measures for the pollen data and tested the methods with a simulation study. The simulations showed that species‐based and pollen‐based diversity estimates were all significantly positively correlated.ResultsThe Late Glacial (14 500–11 650 cal. yr BP) and the mid‐Holocene (8000–4000 cal. yr BP) periods showed contrasting values for most of the diversity components, and several diversity estimates were strongly associated with climate. The cold climate during the Late Glacial led to high phylogenetic diversity, and relatively low functional diversity. Climate warming during the transition from the Late Glacial to the Holocene was followed by a decrease in phylogenetic diversity but an increase in functional diversity based on plant height and seed weight. Increasing human impact in the late Holocene was associated with an increase in plant richness and decreases in functional diversity based on plant height and seed weight and in phylogenetic diversity of herbs.ConclusionsPollen‐based functional and phylogenetic diversity provide novel insights into post‐glacial vegetation change and its drivers. Both functional and phylogenetic diversity were closely related to climatic conditions, suggesting that trait differences play an important role in long‐term community response to climate change. Our results indicate that human impact during the last two millennia has influenced functional and phylogenetic diversity negatively by suppressing plants with certain traits (functional convergence) and giving advantage to plants from certain phylogenetic lineages. We see great potential in the further development of functional and phylogenetic diversity methods for pollen data.
A relA‐dependent regulatory cascade for auto‐induction of microbisporicin production in Microbispora corallina
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez Lorena T. , Gomez‐Escribano Juan P. , Bibb Mervyn J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMicrobisporicin is a potent type I lantibiotic produced by the rare actinomycete Microbispora corallina that is in preclinical trials for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin‐resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Analysis of the gene cluster for the biosynthesis of microbisporicin, which contains two unique post‐translationally modified residues (5‐chlorotryptophan and 3, 4‐dihydroxyproline), has revealed an unusual regulatory mechanism that involves a pathway‐specific extracytoplasmic function sigma factor (MibX)/anti‐sigma factor (MibW) complex and an additional transcriptional regulator MibR. A model for the regulation of microbisporicin biosynthesis derived from transcriptional, mutational and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses suggests that MibR, which contains a C‐terminal DNA‐binding domain found in the LuxR family of transcriptional activators, functions as an essential master regulator to trigger microbisporicin production while MibX and MibW induce feed‐forward biosynthesis and producer immunity. Moreover, we demonstrate that initial expression of mibR, and thus microbisporicin production, is dependent on the ppGpp synthetase gene (relA) of M. corallina. In addition, we show that constitutive expression of either of the two positively acting regulatory genes, mibR or mibX, leads to precocious and enhanced microbisporicin production.
Transhumanization, Personal Identity, and the Afterlife: Thomistic Reflections on a Dantean Theme
Authors: Ward Thomas M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTaking Aquinas's metaphysics of human nature as my point of departure and taking inspiration from Dante's concept of transhumanization, I sketch a metaphysics of the afterlife according to which a human person in the interim phase between death and resurrection is not a mere disembodied soul. I offer some theological reasons for thinking that our bodily human nature is essential to what we are and for thinking that we can survive the destruction of our bodies at death. I argue that these claims are consistent, provided we hold that our bodily human nature, while essential to what we are, is not necessary to what we are. I argue for this distinction between essence and necessity. I then raise a mereological puzzle about the relation between a disembodied soul and the person whose soul it is, and argue that, if we are to avoid the Cartesian conclusion that this relation is identity, we must hold that a human person, even in the interim phase, is composed of a soul and something else. Drawing on Dante's concept of transhumanization, I argue that this something else is God himself or some specially created divine grace or energy.
Asthma control in children is associated with nasal symptoms, obesity, and health insurance: a nationwide survey
Authors: Ferreira‐Magalhães Manuel , Pereira Ana Margarida , Sa‐Sousa Ana , Morais‐Almeida Mário , Azevedo Inês , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Fonseca João Almeida 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asthma control and determinants of poor control in the Portuguese pediatric population (<18 years); secondarily, we described asthma‐related healthcare services and medication use.MethodsData of 98 children with current asthma, from the second phase of a nationwide population‐based telephone survey (INAsma study), were analyzed. Asthma control definition was based on GINA criteria, grouping partially controlled and uncontrolled asthma as ‘not‐controlled asthma’ (NCA). We used multivariate logistic regression to study factors associated with NCA and with unscheduled medical visits for asthma.ResultsAbout half of the children had NCA (49%, 95% CI 39–59%). In the multivariate model, risk factors for NCA were as follows: substantial nasal symptoms (aOR 6.80), overweight/obesity (aOR 3.44), and not having health insurance (aOR 3.78). All the children with NCA had nasal symptoms, and the lack of asthma control was also associated with the increasing number of nasal symptoms (p < 0.001). In the previous year, 90% (95% CI 84–96%) of children with current asthma had healthcare visits and 67% (95% CI 58–77%) used medication for asthma. The risk of unscheduled medical visits was higher in children with nasal symptoms (aOR 3.63) and in those without health insurance (aOR 2.79), and lower in adolescents (aOR 0.19).ConclusionsHalf of the children with asthma were poorly controlled. Nasal symptoms and obesity are important determinants of asthma control. Children without health insurance are at greater risk of poor asthma outcomes; this association is reported for the first time in a European country.
Oral Cyclosporine Weekend Therapy: A New Maintenance Therapeutic Option in Patients with Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Garrido Colmenero Cristina , Blasco Morente Gonzalo , Tercedor Sánchez Jesús 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCyclosporine A (CyA) is a systemic therapy used to control severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, but its use may be associated with serious side effects. Intermittent short‐course therapy has been used to minimize these risks without the loss of clinical benefits. We conducted a 20‐week study using intermittent short‐course CyA therapy in five patients with severe AD and a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) score >40. The result was a reduction in the cumulative dose of CyA and serum CyA level, which allows for a longer duration of CyA treatment and decreases the risk of relapse in patients with severe AD.
The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio in Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Urun Unal Gulbahar , Balevi Sukru , Tol Hüseyin , Uyar Mehmet 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen hormones are thought to play a leading role in acne vulgaris (AV). The 2D:4D digit ratio refers to the ratio of the length of the second finger (index finger) to that of the fourth finger (ring finger). It is thought that the balance between fetal testosterone and fetal estrogen during the prenatal period largely determines this ratio, which does not change with age in the postnatal period.MethodsPatients with no other disease except AV and a control group of healthy patients were included in the study. Sex, age, family history, age of onset, and duration of disease in patients diagnosed with AV were recorded. The lengths of the patients' second and fourth fingers were measured using a digital caliper with a resolution of 0.01 mm. Hormone levels were also measured.ResultsWhen the 2D:4D ratio for the right hand and the left hand (separately) as well as the average (mean) 2D:4D ratio of both hands in male and female patients were compared with those of the control group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The right 2D:4D ratio of female patients was positively correlated with free androgen index percentage and prolactin values and negatively correlated with sex hormone–binding globulin. The left 2D:4D ratio of female patients was found to be positively correlated with disease duration and follicle‐stimulating hormone values.ConclusionThe 2D:4D ratio was not significantly different between the group with AV and the control group independent of sex. Also, we did not observe a significant association with age of onset, severity of disease, or family history.
Frey's Syndrome After Herpes Zoster Virus Infection in a 2‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: Bourgeois Pieter , Morren Marie‐Anne 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrey's syndrome is characterized by sweating and flushing in the temporal and preauricular areas after a salivary stimulus. It is caused by damage to the auriculotemporal nerve, hence the alternative name of auriculotemporal syndrome. We report the case of a 2‐year‐old girl presenting with postprandial unilateral flushing that developed after a herpes zoster infection.
Epistemic Value Monism and the Swamping Problem
Authors: Stapleford Scott 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany deontologists explain the epistemic value of justification in terms of its instrumental role in promoting truth – the original source of value in the epistemic domain. The swamping problem for truth monism appears to make this position indefensible, at least for those monists who maintain the superiority of knowledge to merely true belief. I propose a new solution to the swamping problem that allows monists to maintain the greater epistemic value of knowledge over merely true belief. My trick is to deny the swamping premise itself.
Post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans and mannose‐binding lectin insufficiency in Argentinean children
Authors: Giubergia Verónica , Salim Maximiliano , Fraga Jesica , Castiglioni Nicolás , Sen Luisa , Castaños Claudio , Mangano Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivePost‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a severe disorder following acute lower pulmonary infection in young children, especially caused by adenovirus. Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) deficiency arising from polymorphisms in the coding and non‐coding region on the MBL2 gene has been associated with more frequent and severe respiratory infections. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of MBL variants in the susceptibility and evolution of children with PIBO.MethodsOne hundred eleven children with PIBO diagnosis were studied. The coding A, B, D and X promoter variants of MBL2 gene were assessed by PCR‐RFLP. B and D alleles were pooled as O. The combined genotypes A/A and YA/O were grouped as sufficient MBL (sMBL), and O/O and XA/O as insufficient MBL (iMBL) groups. To evaluate the frequency of MBL2 polymorphisms in the general population, we studied DNA samples from 127 healthy donors from the blood bank of the hospital (control group).ResultsiMBL variants were significantly more frequent in PIBO children compared with controls (21.6% vs 10.2%, P = 0.01). PIBO patients with iMBL required intensive care unit (P = 0.001) and mechanical assistance at the moment of viral injury (P = 0.001) more frequently than those with sMBL.ConclusionsInsufficiency of MBL was more common in PIBO children than in healthy controls. This genetic condition was significantly associated with more severe initial disease, illustrating the relevance of innate immune defence factors prior to the maturation of the adaptative immune system.
Same but Different: Muslims and Foreigners in Public Media Discourse
Authors: Feddersen Alexandra 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis contribution analyzes the public discourse on foreigners and Muslims in Switzerland between 2000 and 2009. In Switzerland, as elsewhere in Europe, the Muslim minority has emerged as the main concern for integration in public discourse. What makes Muslims special in the debate on immigration and integration? How does the public discourse on Muslims differ from the portrayal of foreigners in general? A quantitative content analysis of four Swiss newspapers was conducted covering three direct democratic campaigns. While the demographic composition of the Muslim minority has not changed substantially, the way Muslims are perceived in public discourse did. Certain ethnic groups, which are still categorized as foreigners in 2000, are mainly assigned to the Muslim minority in 2009. The latter is seen as a relatively homogeneous group raising other issues than foreigners. These results should lead to question the current academic and political debate on integration in Switzerland.
Sequence‐based typing of HLA‐A gene in 930 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China
Authors: Tian W. , Zhu F.‐M. , Wang W.‐Y. , Cai J.‐H. , Zhang W. , Li L.‐X. , Liu K.‐L. , Jin H.‐K. , Wang F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, we typed 930 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1134 normal controls recruited from Hunan province, southern China for human leukocyte antigen‐A (HLA‐A) locus by sequencing exons 2–4. Very significant associations between HLA‐A*02:07, HLA‐A*11:01 and NPC were established [25.7% vs 16.18%; odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.79 (1.54–2.09), P < 0.0001 and 21.1% vs 30.42%, OR (95% CI) = 0.61 (0.53–0.70), P<0.0001, respectively]. Further analysis of the molecular basis underlying these associations suggests that cysteine (C) at codon 99 of α2‐helix of HLA‐A protein is probably deleterious and confers risk to NPC. Convincing evidence was uncovered for negative association of a rare allele in southern Chinese populations, HLA‐A*31:01, with NPC [0.22% vs 2.12%, OR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.04–0.28), P < 0.0001]. rs1059449‐A, which encodes arginine (R) at codon 56 of α1‐helix of HLA‐A protein, was postulated to be crucial for such a pattern of negative association with NPC. A subset of NPC cases (N = 632) and normal controls (N=712) were tested for anti‐virus capsid antigen (anti‐VCA) immunoglobulin A (IgA), very significant difference in seropositivity for anti‐VCA IgA was observed between the two groups [67.56% vs 6.46%, OR (95% CI) = 30.16 (21.42–42.46), P < 0.0001]. However, seropositivity for anti‐VCA IgA did not correlate with HLA‐A allelic typing in both groups.
Abstract 1449: p70 S6 kinase signals tristetraprolin/Dicer-mediated maturation of microRNA-145 to regulate tumor metastasis
Authors: Lam Sophia S.N. , Ip Carman K.M. , Wong Alice S.T. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic tumor characterized by malignant ascites spheroids, which represent one of the most important prognostic factors of poor clinical outcome. Multicellular aggregates known as spheroids (MCS) are important for anchorage-independent growth and metastasis. MCS are also an important phenomenon of cancer stem cells. However, the factors that regulate MCS formation are largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNAs that are critically involved in different oncogenic events by actively modulating mRNA and protein synthesis. Despite their clinical significance, processes regulating miRNA biogenesis remain obscure. Here, we identify N-cadherin as a key regulator of MCS formation activated in response to p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt which is hyperactive in human ovarian cancer. The results also identify a new mechanism of p70S6K function that mediates microRNA (miR)-145 coregulation of key transcription factors Twist and Sox-9, thereby enhancing N-cadherin and MCS formation. p70S6K regulates miR-145 by deactivating a distinct tristetraprolin (TPP)/Dicer program. The p70S6K phosphorylates TTP, leading to inhibition of interaction between TTP and Dicer and decreased TTP activity in miR-145 processing. Silencing of p70S6K enhances the TTP/Dicer interaction and its activating in regulating miR-145. These results providea novel regulatory mechanism of p70S6K involved in the formation and spread of MCS and insights on the development of new therapeutic targets (This work was supported by RGC grant HKU782111 and CUHK8/CRF/11R).
Citation Format: Sophia S.N. Lam, Carman K.M. Ip, Alice S.T. Wong. p70 S6 kinase signals tristetraprolin/Dicer-mediated maturation of microRNA-145 to regulate tumor metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1449