bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐Regional Differentiation of Population Development in Southern‐Limburg, the Netherlands
Authors: Hoekveld Josje J. , Bontje Marco 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough we are steadily getting a better understanding of why regional population decline occurs, little is known about the causes of differentiated levels of decline between municipalities in the same region. In this paper we address the causes of intra‐regional differentiation in decline in the Dutch region Southern‐Limburg. The quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal that in the 1900‐1945 period, differentiation in population development was the result of economic boom and bust in the mining areas. After 1945 (except for 1985‐1989) however, the economic argument lost much of its relevance: intra‐regional differentiation has primarily been the result of intra‐regional and international migration and these flows are steered predominantly by life course motives, the uneven spatial distribution of housing opportunities and access to these opportunities within the region.
COMPARISON OF TWO COARSE FRACTIONATED RADIATION PROTOCOLS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PITUITARY MACROTUMOR: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF 24 DOGS
Authors: Marcinowska Aleksandra , Warland James , Brearley Malcolm , Dobson Jane 
Published: July 2015

Radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment for pituitary macrotumors in dogs, but the optimum protocol has not been established. Twenty four dogs with MRI confirmed pituitary macrotumors were treated with one of two radiotherapy protocols. Twelve dogs were treated with 10 fractions of 3.8 Gy/fraction on a “Monday–Wednesday–Friday” schedule, the remaining 12 with five “once‐a‐week” protocols (1 × 5 Gy, followed by 4 × 8.25 Gy) to a total dose of 38 Gy. The overall median survival time for all dogs was 235 days (range 28–1,328), dogs treated with 10 fractions had a median survival time of 961 days (range 28–1,328) compared to 182 days (range 42–507) in the five‐fraction group (P= 0.006). Clinical improvement was found in both groups, and no significant side effects were noted in either group. These results suggest that a “Monday–Wednesday–Friday” schedule may improve survival times, as compared to a “once‐a‐week” protocol. As this study was of an observational nonrandomized nature, future work is necessary to establish whether more highly fractionated protocols or different total doses will further improve outcome.
Use of an Electron Beam Melting Manufactured Titanium Collared Cementless Femoral Stem to Resist Subsidence After Canine Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Liska William D. , Doyle Nancy D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a collared electron beam melting (EBM)‐manufactured titanium cementless femoral stem on implant subsidence after total hip replacement (THR).Study DesignProspective studyAnimalsDogs (n = 26); 33 THR.MethodsRecords were maintained on the first 110 consecutive THR using an EBM collared femoral stem. Radiographs on the first 33 THR that had 6‐months follow‐up were evaluated for implant subsidence. These results were compared to 27 dogs with subsidence after THR with a Co Cr collarless stem.ResultsDogs that had EBM collared stem THR had a mean body weight of 35.4 kg, body condition score (BCS) of 6.21, and mean canal flare index (CFI) of 1.56. EBM stem sizes used (number implanted) were #7 (13), #8 (10), #9 (8), and #10 (2). Subsidence of collared stems did not occur if the collar was in contact with cortical bone during surgery. Subsidence of 1–3 mm occurred closing a gap between the collar and bone if contact was not made during surgery, but subsidence stopped once contact was made. No major complications directly related to the EBM collared stem were encountered.ConclusionsA collar on a cementless femoral stem in contact with cortical bone resists subsidence.
Champ: a Cherednik algebraMagmapackage
Authors: Thiel U. 
Published: July 2015

We present a computer algebra package based onMagmafor performing computations in rational Cherednik algebras with arbitrary parameters and in Verma modules for restricted rational Cherednik algebras. Part of this package is a new general Las Vegas algorithm for computing the head and the constituents of a module with simple head in characteristic zero, which we develop here theoretically. This algorithm is very successful when applied to Verma modules for restricted rational Cherednik algebras and it allows us to answer several questions posed by Gordon in some specific cases. We can determine the decomposition matrices of the Verma modules, the graded$G$-module structure of the simple modules, and the Calogero–Moser families of the generic restricted rational Cherednik algebra for around half of the exceptional complex reflection groups. In this way we can also confirm Martino’s conjecture for several exceptional complex reflection groups.Supplementary materials are available with this article.
The Chronister Protocol: Early Experience With Immediate Immobilization in Flexion and Rapid Return to Play After Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Chronister Raymond , Balazs George C. , Pickett Adam , Rue John-Paul H. , Keblish David J. 
Published: July 2015

Context:Acute lateral patellar dislocation is a common injury sustained by athletes, and often requires several months to recover and return to play.Objective:To describe a novel protocol for the treatment of acute lateral patellar dislocation that returns patients to play far sooner than traditional treatment protocols.Design:Case series and review of the literature.Setting:Division I NCAA institution.Patients:Two collegiate athletes who sustained first-time acute lateral patellar dislocations.Interventions:Traditional standard of care for acute lateral patellar dislocation after reduction involves 1–7 weeks of immobilization in full extension. Knee stiffness commonly results from this method, and return to full activity typically takes 2–4 months. We used a protocol involving immobilization in maximal flexion for 24 hr, with early aggressive range of motion and quadriceps strengthening in the first week after injury.Main Outcome Measures:Time to return to play.Results:Immediate on-site reduction of the patella followed by 24 hr of immobilization in maximal knee flexion was performed. Following an accelerated rehabilitation regimen, patients were able to return to sport an average of 3 days postinjury. Neither patient has experienced a recurrent dislocation.Conclusions:Our protocol is based on anatomic studies demonstrating reduced tension on the medial patellofemoral ligament, reduced hemarthrosis, and reduced soft tissue swelling in maximal knee flexion. This method apparently bypasses the knee stiffness and deconditioning commonly seen with traditional nonoperative regimens, allowing return to sport weeks or months sooner.
Reliability of a Modified Active Knee Extension Test for Assessment of Hamstring Flexibility
Authors: Connor Siobhán O , McCaffrey Noel , Whyte Enda , Moran Kieran 
Published: July 2015

Context:Hamstring injuries are prevalent among team and field sport athletes, and poor flexibility has been theorized as a risk factor. The active knee extension test has been proposed as the gold standard for assessment of hamstring flexibility. Many variations of this test are employed, each of which utilizes a complex apparatus that is difficult to transport, time-consuming to set up, and often unavailable to most clinicians. Thus, a method that utilizes inexpensive and readily available equipment is needed for screening.Objective:To establish the intertester and intratester reliability of a modified active knee extension test that requires minimal equipment.Design:Reliability study.Setting:Athletic therapy facilities.Patients or Other Participants:Fifteen male athletes (19.5 ± 0.6 years) free from any orthopedic or neurological disorders were recruited from a convenience sample of collegiate students.Intervention(s):Three testers participated in three training sessions before data collection. Participants completed three trials of the modified active knee extension test and returned the following week at the same time and day to repeat the process.Main Outcome Measure(s):The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval, and the standard error of measurement were calculated to assess inter- and intratester reliability.Results:High ICC values were found for intertester reliability (right leg = .98; left leg = .99) and intratester reliability (right leg = .78−.89; left leg = .79−.94).Conclusions:The modified active knee extension test utilizes readily available equipment and offers a quick, reliable, and low-cost alternative for measurement of hamstring flexibility.
Wall Teichoic Acid Glycosylation Governs Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization
Authors: Winstel Volker , Kühner Petra , Salomon Ferdinand , Larsen Jesper , Skov Robert , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Peschel Andreas , Weidenmaier Christopher 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Nasal colonization by the human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
is a major risk factor for hospital- and community-acquired infections. A key factor required for nasal colonization is a cell surface-exposed zwitterionic glycopolymer, termed wall teichoic acid (WTA). However, the precise mechanisms that govern WTA-mediated nasal colonization have remained elusive. Here, we report that WTA GlcNAcylation is a pivotal requirement for WTA-dependent attachment of community-acquired methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) and emerging livestock-associated MRSA to human nasal epithelial cells, even under conditions simulating the nutrient composition and dynamic flow of nasal secretions. Depending on the
S. aureus
strain, WTA O-GlcNAcylation occurs in either α or β configuration, which have similar capacities to mediate attachment to human nasal epithelial cells, suggesting that many
S. aureus
strains maintain redundant pathways to ensure appropriate WTA glycosylation. Strikingly, a lack of WTA glycosylation significantly abrogated the ability of MRSA to colonize cotton rat nares
in vivo
. These results indicate that WTA glycosylation modulates
S. aureus
nasal colonization and may help to develop new strategies for eradicating
S. aureus
nasal colonization in the future.

IMPORTANCE
Nasal colonization by the major human pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
is a risk factor for severe endogenous infections and contributes to the spread of this microbe in hospitals and the community. Here, we show that wall teichoic acid (WTA) O-GlcNAcylation is a key factor required for
S. aureus
nasal colonization. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for the capacity of WTA to modulate
S. aureus
nasal colonization and may stimulate research activities to establish valuable strategies to eradicate
S. aureus
nasal colonization in high-risk hospitalized patients and in the general community.
Abusive head trauma and accidental head injury: a 20-year comparative study of referrals to a hospital child protection team
Authors: Kelly Patrick , John Simon , Vincent Andrea L , Reed Peter 
Published: July 2015

AimTo describe children referred for suspected abusive head trauma (AHT) to a hospital child protection team in Auckland, New Zealand.MethodsComparative review of demographics, histories, injuries, investigations and diagnostic outcomes for referrals under 15 years old from 1991 to 2010.ResultsRecords were available for 345 children. Referrals increased markedly (88 in the first decade, 257 in the second), but the diagnostic ratio was stable: AHT 60%, accidental or natural 29% and uncertain cause 11%. The probability of AHT was similar regardless of socio-economic status or ethnicity. In children under 2 years old with accidental head injuries (75/255, 29%) or AHT (180/255, 71%), characteristics of particular interest for AHT included no history of trauma (88/98, 90%), no evidence of impact to the head (84/93, 90%), complex skull fractures with intracranial injury (22/28, 79%), subdural haemorrhage (160/179, 89%) and hypoxic ischaemic injury (38/39, 97%). In children over 2 years old, these characteristics did not differ significantly between children with accidental head injuries (21/47, 45%) and AHT (26/47, 55%). The mortality of AHT was higher in children over 2 years old (10/26, 38%) than under 2 years (19/180, 11%).ConclusionsThe striking increase in referrals for AHT probably represents increasing incidence. The decision to refer a hospitalised child with a head injury for assessment for possible AHT should not be influenced by socio-economic status or ethnicity. Children over 2 years old hospitalised for AHT are usually injured by mechanisms involving impact and should be considered at high risk of death.
Platelet-rich plasma does not enhance return to play in hamstring injuries: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hamilton Bruce , Tol Johannes L , Almusa Emad , Boukarroum Sirine , Eirale Cristiano , Farooq Abdulaziz , Whiteley Rodney , Chalabi Hakim 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of a single platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in reducing the return to sport duration in male athletes, following an acute hamstring injury.MethodsA randomised, three-arm (double-blind for the injection arms), parallel-group trial, in which 90 professional athletes with MRI positive hamstring injuries were randomised to injection with PRP-intervention, platelet-poor plasma (PPP-control) or no injection. All received an intensive standardised rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measure was time to return to play, with secondary measures including reinjury rate after 2 and 6 months.ResultsThe adjusted HR for the PRP group compared with the PPP group was 2.29 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.04) p=0.004; for the PRP group compared with the no injection group 1.48 (95% CI 0.869 to 2.520) p=0.15, and for the PPP group compared with the no injection group 1.57 (95% CI 0.88 to −2.80) p=0.13. The adjusted difference for time to return to sports between the PRP and PPP groups was −5.7 days (95% CI −10.1 to −1.4) p=0.01; between the PRP and no injection groups −2.9 days (95% CI −7.2 to 1.4) p=0.189 and between the PPP and no injection groups 2.8 days (95% CI −1.6 to 7.2) p=0.210. There was no significant difference for the secondary outcome measures. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that there is no benefit of a single PRP injection over intensive rehabilitation in athletes who have sustained acute, MRI positive hamstring injuries. Intensive physiotherapy led rehabilitation remains the primary means of ensuring an optimal return to sport following muscle injury.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01812564.
Exploring the potential impact of rotavirus vaccination on work absenteeism among female administrative personnel of the City of Antwerp through a retrospective database analysis
Authors: Standaert Baudouin , Van de Mieroop Els , Nelen Vera 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesRotavirus vaccination has been reimbursed in Belgium since November 2006 with a high uptake (>85%). Economic analyses of the vaccine have been reported, including estimates of indirect cost gain related to the reduction in work absenteeism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the latter parameter using real-life data.Design and settingA simple model estimated the reduction in absent workdays per working mother with a firstborn baby after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. Next, data on work absences were retrospectively analysed (from 2003 to 2012) using a database of administrative employees (n=11 600 working women per year) in the City of Antwerp. Observed reductions in absenteeism after the introduction of the vaccine were compared with the results from the model. These reductions would most likely be observed during the epidemic periods of rotavirus (from January to the end of May) for short-duration absences of ≤5 days. We compared data from outside epidemic periods (from June to December), expecting no changes over time prevaccine and postvaccine introduction, as well as with a control group of women aged 30–35 years with no first child.ResultsModel estimates were 0.73 working days gained per working mother. In the database of the City of Antwerp, we identified a gain of 0.88 working days during the epidemic period, and an accumulated gain of 2.24 days over a 3-year follow-up period. In the control group, no decrease in absenteeism was measured. Giving vaccine access to working mothers resulted in an estimated accumulated net cost gain of €187 per mother.ConclusionsReduction in absenteeism among working mothers was observed during periods of the epidemic after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Belgium. This reduction is in line with estimates of indirect cost gains used in economic evaluations of the rotavirus vaccine.Trial registration numberHO-12-12768.
The need for and provision of intrathecal baclofen therapy for the management of spasticity in England: an assessment of the Hospital Episode Statistics database
Authors: Narendran Rajesh C , Duarte Rui V , Valyi Andrea , Eldabe Sam 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the uptake of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) following commissioning of this therapy by the National Health Service (NHS) England in April 2013. The specific objectives of this study were: (i) to explore the gap between the need for and the actual provision of ITB services; and (ii) to compare England figures with other European countries with comparable data available.SettingData for ITB -related procedures were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014.ParticipantsPatients receiving ITB for the management of spasticity.ResultsThe available data for implantation of ITB from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014 for the treatment of spasticity due to varied aetiologies show that there has not been an increase in uptake of this therapy. The estimated need for this treatment based on the incidence and prevalence of conditions susceptible to ITB therapy is between 4.6 and 5.7 per million population. Our analysis of the data available from the HES database showed that the actual number of implants is around 3.0 per million population. The same period 2009–2014 has seen an increase in the delivery of other neuromodulation techniques including spinal cord stimulation, deep brain stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation.ConclusionsThere is a considerable gap between the need for and provision of ITB figures nationally. Additionally, within the same area, we have observed important differences in the ITB service delivery between the various trusts. The reasons for this can be multifactorial, including individual experience and opinions, organisational structures, resource and financial limitations. Further research analysing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this treatment in the UK might inform the development of Technology Appraisal Guidance for ITB, potentially leading to an improvement in service provision.
The correlation between blood pressure and kidney function decline in older people: a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Vaes Bert , Beke Emilie , Truyers Carla , Elli Steven , Buntinx Frank , Verbakel Jan Y , Goderis Geert , Van Pottelbergh Gijs 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the relation between static and dynamic blood pressure (BP) measurements and the evolution of kidney function in older people, adjusted for the presence of multimorbidity.DesignRetrospective cohort study during a 10-year time interval (2002–2012) in three age strata of patients aged 60 and older.SettingPrimary care registration network with 97 general practitioners working in 55 practices regularly submitting collected patient data.ParticipantsAll patients with at least one BP measurement in 2002 and at least four serum creatine measurements after 2002 (n=8636). A modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) at baseline was registered. Change in systolic and diastolic BP (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) from 2002 onwards was calculated. The relation between kidney function evolution and baseline BP and change in BP was examined using linear and logistic regression analysis.Main outcome measuresThe slope of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) was calculated by the ordinal least square method. A rapid annual decline of kidney function was defined as ≥3 mL/min/1.73 m2/year.ResultsRapid annual decline of kidney function occurred in 1130 patients (13.1%). High baseline systolic BP (SBP) and PP predicted kidney function decline in participants aged 60–79 years. No correlation between baseline BP and kidney function decline was found in participants aged 80 years and older. An annual decline of ≥1 mm Hg in SBP and PP was a strong risk factor for a rapid annual kidney function decline in all age strata, independent of baseline BP and mCCI. A decline in DBP as also a strong independent predictor in participants aged 60–79 years.ConclusionsThe present study identified a decline in BP over time as a strong risk factor for kidney function decline in all age strata, adjusted for mCCI and baseline kidney function and BP.
IL6/JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Blockade in Endometrial Cancer Affects the ALDHhi/CD126+ Stem-like Component and Reduces Tumor Burden
Authors: van der Zee Marten , Sacchetti Andrea , Cansoy Medine , Joosten Rosalie , Teeuwssen Miriam , Heijmans-Antonissen Claudia , Ewing-Graham Patricia C. , Burger Curt W. , Blok Leen J. , Fodde Riccardo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Cancer stem–like cells (CSC) may be critical to maintain the malignant behavior of solid and hematopoietic cancers. Recently, patients with endometrial cancer whose tumors expressed high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a detoxifying enzyme characteristic of many progenitor and stem cells, exhibited a relative reduction in survival compared with patients with low levels of ALDH. Given evidence of its role as a CSC marker, we hypothesized that high level of ALDH activity (ALDHhi) in a tumor might positively correlate with the presence of stem- and progenitor-like tumor cells in this disease setting. In support of this hypothesis, ALDH could be used to enrich for CSC in endometrial cancer cell lines and primary tumors, as illustrated by the increased tumor-initiating capacity of ALDHhi cells in immunodeficient mice. ALDHhi cells also exhibited greater clonogenic and organoid-forming capacity compared with ALDHlo cells. Notably, the number of ALDHhi cells in tumor cell lines and primary tumors inversely correlated with differentiation grade. Expression analysis revealed upregulation of IL6 receptor subunits and signal transducers CD126 and GP130 in ALDHhi endometrial cancer cells. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of the IL6 receptor and its downstream effectors JAK1 and STAT3 dramatically reduced tumor cell growth. Overall, our results provide a preclinical rationale to target IL6 or its effector functions as a novel therapeutic option in endometrial cancer. Cancer Res; 75(17); 3608–22. ©2015 AACR.