bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-to-need: a portfolio tool to balance the time-to-market
Authors: Ferrarese Andre , Monteiro de Carvalho Marly 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a management tool to maximise the effective time-to-market of a portfolio given the competitive monitoring activities.Design/methodology/approach– From the constant monitoring of competition and market needs, it is proposed to define a time-to-need, time when the market may consume the product under development and competitor will not provide a solution before. This time-to-need is proposed to be defined by an expert committee in a periodical meeting of the portfolio. Once it is identified the time-to-need and the time-to-market (project management), it is possible to manage resources in order to maximise the portfolio outputs.Findings– The application of the mentioned approach in an automotive industry showed improvements on number of launched new products per year (double) and on number of patented product launched (four times more).Research limitations/implications– This approach applies on projects of medium to long term (more than two years) because the resource management can consume set up time. The presented results in this work were based in a single case, which can limit the expected results of the application of this methodology.Practical implications– This approach enables a constant alignment among experts and a better deployment of resources.Originality/value– This work provides a practical tool to promote better resource allocation in a portfolio. It can also be an enabler of innovation projects once it finds resources potential to fund the more front end work.
The effects of production outsourcing on factory cost performance: an empirical study
Authors: J. Meixell Mary , N. Kenyon George , Westfall Peter 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance implications associated with production outsourcing. Specifically, the paper analyzes the cost of goods sold for firms who outsource core manufacturing processes, using empirical data from a variety of industries. The paper seeks to better understand the influence of outsourcing on factory cost by looking at these in the context of related strategies, such as supplier integration, information technology (IT) implementation, and manufacturing process decisions.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on transaction cost economics, manufacturing strategy, and supply chain management literature to aid in predicting the performance to be expected when outsourcing production activities. Furthermore, the paper investigates the moderating effects of manufacturing strategies, supplier integration, and IT expenditures on outsourcing. The primary model is a two-way panel model for the cross-sectional and longitudinal data drawn from the MPI Census of Manufacturers Survey of US manufacturing plants.Findings– The analysis indicates that production outsourcing tends to shift costs among cost of goods sold (COGS) categories, but does not consistently reduce them as measured by overall COGS. The effects of production outsourcing on both the cost of labor and the cost of materials are strong, tending to decrease labor, and increase materials. Additionally, this study shows that a high level of supplier integration has a notable moderating influence on overall COGS, but that process strategies do not. Finally, this analysis indicates that IT expenditures were not influential as a moderator variable when outsourcing, but did have a marked influence on overall COGS, as well as on labor and materials costs.Originality/value– This research investigates the effects of outsourcing on the components of COGS, a level of analysis that is typically not looked at relative to outsourcing. This research also provides methodological contributions with the development of a nested random effects structural model for use with a secondary data source.
Learning from the “data poor”: energy management in understudied organizations
Authors: B. Janda Kathryn , Bottrill Catherine , Layberry Russell 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present new empirical data on leases, energy management, and energy meters in the UK, with a particular focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and other “minor” players. The paper develops a new segmentation model that identifies six different combinations of energy and organizational conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors surveyed participants in an online energy management and data analytics service. A 30-question online survey gathered data from 31 respondents on three kinds of infrastructure – legal, organizational, and technical.

Findings
– SMEs and other minor players are generally “data poor,” lack energy managers, and have legacy meters that are read only annually or quarterly; some rent via leases that inhibit permanent alterations to the premises, including the meter.

Research limitations/implications
– The research is exploratory and subject to self-selection bias. Further research is needed into: lease language, governance structures, social practices to facilitate cooperation between tenants and landlords; the scope for energy management positions in small organizations; low-cost “smart-er” meters that can be reversibly retrofitted onto existing energy meters; and the combination of these areas.

Practical implications
– Organizations may need to augment a combination of legal, organizational, and technical infrastructures to enable better energy management.

Social implications
– SMEs and other “minor” energy users are important to society and the economy, yet they are often overlooked by government programs. This developing data set can help policymakers include these groups in their programs.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a new conceptual framework for future research and new empirical data on understudied groups.
Leadership and innovation capability development in strategic alliances
Authors: Schweitzer Jochen 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether heterogeneity in alliance capability development can be attributed to the use of certain intra-firm leadership behaviors. The author suggests that transformational leadership behaviors have a stronger influence on the development of innovation (dynamic) capabilities of a strategic alliance than on the development of operational (substantive) capabilities, and that transactional leadership behaviors mainly preserve operational capabilities.Design/methodology/approach– The author used in-depth expert interviews and a questionnaire survey comprising 369 strategic business alliances to develop and test the theoretical framework.Findings– The data confirm the positive relationship between transformational leadership and the development of innovation and operational capabilities. Yet, transactional leadership behaviors are not only associated with operational capability development, but notably contribute to the development of innovation capabilities.Research limitations/implications– While the study focusses on leadership, there are many more factors that impact on the strategic ability of alliances to deliver innovation outcomes. Other limitations are the multiple levels of analysis in the theoretical model, newly developed measurement scales and that responses for the empirical study only come from one partner of the alliance.Practical implications– The study suggests advantages of exercising the full range of leadership behaviors when seeking innovation alliance outcomes.Originality/value– This research contributes to the strategic management, innovation, leadership, and alliances literature by providing new and empirical validation of the effectiveness of particular leadership behaviors in collaborative settings.
The relationships amongst leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, affective commitment, and in-role performance
Authors: Casimir Gian , Ngee Keith Ng Yong , Yuan Wang Karen , Ooi Gavin 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether leader-member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) have interactive effects on affective commitment to the organization. The utility of Social Exchange Theory for explaining workplace attitudes and behaviors in non-Western settings has been questioned. Another objective is to test the hypotheses, which are based on Social Exchange Theory, within a Chinese context.Design/methodology/approach– Cross-sectional, self-report data on LMX, POS and affective commitment were obtained from 428 full-time employees in China. In-role performance ratings were provided by immediate supervisors.Findings– LMX and POS have synergistic effects on affective commitment. Affective commitment mediates both the relationship between LMX and in-role performance and the relationship between POS and in-role performance.Research limitations/implications– The limitations include using a cross-sectional, self-report design for LMX, POS and affective commitment, and only sampling employees in organizations in China. The findings support an explanation of workplace attitudes and behaviors in a non-Western setting based on social exchange. The effects of a proximate source of social exchange (i.e. LMX) on affective commitment depend on the level of a remote source of social exchange (i.e. POS), and vice versa.Practical implications– Organizations need to improve the quality of their leader-follower relationships and support their members. Organizations need to increase affective commitment because it appears to drive in-role performance.Originality/value– The authors show that LMX and POS from the same source (i.e. followers) may have interactive effects on affective organizational commitment as well as that social exchange may explain workplace attitudes and behaviors in China.
Do my staff trust me?
Authors: Krasman Joe 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organizational structure on the degree to which supervisors are perceived to be trustworthy by their subordinates. The manner in which subordinates’ personality traits interact with and moderate these relationships is also examined.Design/methodology/approach– A three-part survey was completed by 137 full-time workers from various industries.Findings– Formalization was positively related to subordinates’ perceptions of their supervisors’ trustworthiness and more strongly for subordinates who ranked higher on straightforwardness. Routinization was also positively related but only for subordinates who ranked low on excitement-seeking. Centralization in the form of hierarchy of authority was negatively related and more strongly for subordinates who ranked higher on competence. Routinization for subordinates who ranked high on excitement-seeking, centralization in the form of participation in decision-making, and span of control were not related.Practical implications– Before pursuing trust-building efforts, supervisors should consider whether and in what way they may already be perceived to be trustworthy by their subordinates based on the structure of their organization and the personality traits of their subordinates.Originality/value– This study is the first to examine the main effects of organizational structure on subordinates’ perceptions of their supervisors’ trustworthiness.
The ideal employee: context and leaders’ implicit follower theories
Authors: Derler Andrea , Weibler Jürgen 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between leaders’ work context and their prototypical implicit follower theories (pIFT). The authors assume a dual structure of pIFT and argue that leader preferences for certain employee traits and behaviours are influenced by their perception of the prevailing market conditions and organizational coordination mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach– This study was conducted via an online-questionnaire with 182 US leaders from different industries. It surveyed leader's preferences for abstract and specific employee traits and behaviours, as well as their perceptions of the explorative and exploitative elements in their work context. To test for associations of corresponding variables representing leaders’ context and their employee prototype, data analysis was performed via multiple linear regression analysis.Findings– The paper provides evidence for associations between leaders’ pIFT and their work context. The data suggest that leaders who perceive their organizational work environment as formalized consider Enthusiasm (p=0.003) and the pursuit of exploitative activities (p=0.023) as important employee characteristics, and those who experience the market conditions as dynamic show a preference for Good Citizenship behaviours (p=0.027) and the search for explorative activities (p=0.034). In terms of control variables the authors found that more mature leaders favour both exploration and exploitation in employees, while managers of larger teams emphasize exploitation in their pIFT.Research limitations/implications– The study was conducted with leaders in the USA; results are cross-sectional and representative for for-profit organizations. Potential limitations arise from a lack of generalizability of the results to others forms of organizations, cultures and work settings.Practical implications– The paper provides the outline of an “ideal employee profile” for the leaders in the sample and describes potential implications of pIFT for organizational strategy relating to personnel-related decisions.Originality/value– This study provides the first empirical link between leaders’ ideal employee image and work context, and enables a deeper understanding of the structure and content of pIFT.
Analytical redefinition of DOL and managerial investment decisions
Authors: Kroll Yoram , Yechiam Aharon David 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop alternative analytical measures for the degree of operating leverage (DOL) that reflect the impact of uncertain demand shocks in the product's market on optimal production levels, sales and profits of the firm.

Design/methodology/approach
– The elasticity measures are constructed according to a theoretical formulation of optimal production level that corresponds to demand shocks for given predetermined levels of fixed cost.

Findings
– The paper suggests two main findings. First, the analytical marginal DOL is at least twice the traditional DOL depending on the structure of the shock, the production function and demand's elasticity. The traditional DOL is equal to the measure only when large-scale negative demand prompts the firm to abandon production. Second, the paper also provides an analytical measure of DOL in terms of elasticity of profit to sales rather than to production level. Both theoretically and empirically elasticity of profit to sales can be better measured and better reflects risk.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper should be extended to encompass multiple shocks on demand and supply while investigating the empirical multi variants distribution of the shocks.

Practical implications
– The model can be used by managers who are well informed about the fixed and variable costs of their firm. The model determines the mean profit- risk trade off which is an important factor in all investment decision problems.

Originality/value
– Surprisingly and according to the best knowledge, this paper is the first attempt in the literature for alternative analytical DOLs’ formulations that is coherent with basic economic theories of optimal production level under risk.
Modeling asset allocation and liability composition for Indian banks
Authors: Viswanathan P.K. , Ranganatham M. , Balasubramanian G. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– Asset liability management is a multi-dimensional set of activities. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to build a goal programming model for optimally determining the asset allocation and liability composition for Indian Banks.

Design/methodology/approach
– The conceptual model framework has been developed and then tested for four banks that typically represent the Indian banking sector. Published balance sheet data were used for the model that span over 1995-2009. The veracity of the model has been tested in terms of its ability to project the optimum asset allocation and liability composition for the year 2010.

Findings
– The model has been able to generate the optimum asset and liability mix that meets the goals set on the key drivers. The solution provided is realistic and compatible with the actual figures. Sensitivity analysis including current and savings account and interest rate changes has been successfully performed to study impact they cause on profitability.

Research limitations/implications
– The model provides an overall approach to asset allocation and liability composition based on past data reflecting the preferences and priorities of the banks with regard to their outlook on setting targets. This may change. The variables like return and risk are stochastic in nature.

Practical implications
– The model demonstrated in this paper would be useful to the policy makers in any bank for decision support and planning in view of its ability to incorporate a large number of constraints. Changes in profit could be instantaneously captured through sensitivity analysis.

Originality/value
– The goal programming model used here is invariant to the type of bank and year of consideration.
“Time series momentum” in commodity markets
Authors: Chevallier Julien , Ielpo Florian 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contain an empirical application of the concept of “time series momentum” – as developed by Moskowitzet al.(2012) – to commodity markets with daily data during 1995-2012.Design/methodology/approach– The paper applies the new concept of “time series momentum” to the sphere of commodity markets.Findings– The paper extends the results previously obtained by Moskowitzet al.(2012) to a second category labeled “breakout strategy.”Research limitations/implications– Further management strategies can be elaborated for investment management purposes, based on the suggested inclusion of the “time series momentum” in commodities.Practical implications– The empirical evidence gathered in this paper bears practical significance for portfolio managers and commodity tradings advisors relying on trend following strategies.Originality/value– Commodity markets are quickly developing to an alternative asset class for investors. Discovering their properties and characteristics has a broad appeal in finance.
The value of people
Authors: Town Stephen 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on advances in the understanding and practice of people evaluation in libraries. The paper is conceptual and offers a framework for human capital evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research approach has been to employ a mixed method research strategy (multi-methodology), combining desk research exploring quantitative capital assessment methods from other industries, sectors and libraries; phenomenological observation of existing data collection and development concepts; and survey data from staff in case studies of the author's own and other organizations.

Findings
– The synthesis suggests the measures required to populate the library capital dimension of the value scorecard, thereby providing an estimation of the value of a library's human capital.

Originality/value
– The paper fills a gap through a broad survey of advances in people assessment in libraries, and provides a unique framework for human capital measurement in libraries.
Method emerging: a statement of poetics for a project-based PhD
Authors: Lyall Mark 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to give an account of the methods used for the author's project-based doctoral thesis,Hatred and History. The methodology is offered not as an exemplar, but rather as a case study of an integrated approach where exegesis and creative work are conceived as intertwining explorations of the same research materials.Design/methodology/approach–Hatred and Historycreatively explores the idea that science and intuition frame our experience of the world in distinct ways, and is expressed across an audio production and a written exegesis. The dyad of scientific and intuitive knowledge is embedded deeply within the production, from the initial choice of subject through the structuring and writing of the script to the techniques employed to write the music. This paper traces the transformation of the dyad from academic construct to creative construct, and should therefore be considered a statement of poetics.Findings– The creative exploration of science and intuition encouraged me to consider the “double articulation” of theory and practice, where poetics ceases to be merely a theory of rhetorical design and is assimilated into a theory of self-knowledge.Originality/value– This paper is offered in the hope that it will be of value to commencing PhD candidates in the creative arts who must navigate the waters between exegesis and creative output for themselves.
Expanding the debate
Authors: M. Carrington Ann 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The current exploration and inclusion of spirituality across disciplines has, up to this point, focused largely on defining spirituality and creating practice and assessment tools. Little has been done in building the foundational structures at the level of paradigm, theory, methods, measures and research methodology. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This paper presents a section of findings resulting from a comprehensive qualitative research program using the process of meta-triangulation, which explored spiritual perspectives from paradigm to practice.Findings– The results of this research begin to address gaps at these levels through the articulation of spiritual ways of knowing and the methods and measures that stem from them. Once articulated, it was possible to explore the parallels and differences between spiritual and physical ways of knowing, their methods and measures.Originality/value– It is acknowledged that such research may be resisted by some factions as they attempt to maintain positions of power and privilege. Thus, this paper presents the research within this contested and turbulent landscape.
Using pictures innovatively to determine workplace hazard identification skills
Authors: Bahn Susanne 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a data collection tool that is not new, however, has been very effective as an assessment tool in a 2012 research study investigating the ability of new entrants to underground mining to effectively identify hazards within their work areas.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study set about to determine if after a full days’ health and safety induction training entrants new to the mining industry could identify hazards contained in photographs of the work areas they would be working in the next day.

Findings
– Using a picture-based survey as an assessment or data collection tool provides a fun way to access data. This is particularly useful when trying to engage participants who are unwilling to provide data, as in this case, after a full day's health and safety induction. The tool was viewed as a puzzle and therefore encouraged completion. In addition, if the tool is used to feedback the “answers” to the group after they have been assessed it also serves as a learning device.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of the research have been published elsewhere and are not the topic of this paper; instead in this paper a picture-based survey tool is presented as a valid and useful data collection method for qualitative research.

Originality/value
– The study results in terms of the use of a picture-based tool as an assessment is of value to those conducting health and safety induction training as it may achieve better engagement.