bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation, Long-Term Follow-Up, and Outcomes of 1001 Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy Patients and Family Members
Authors: Groeneweg Judith A. , Bhonsale Aditya , James Cynthia A. , te Riele Anneline S. , Dooijes Dennis , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Wiesfeld Ans C.P. , Sawant Abhishek C. , Kassamali Bina , Atsma Douwe E. , Volders Paul G. , de Groot Natasja M. , de Boer Karin , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Kamel Ihab R. , van der Heijden Jeroen F. , Russell Stuart D. , Jan Cramer Maarten , Tedford Ryan J. , Doevendans Pieter A. , van Veen Toon A. , Tandri Harikrishna , Wilde Arthur A. , Judge Daniel P. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Hauer Richard N. , Calkins Hugh 
Published: March 2015

Background—
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is a progressive cardiomyopathy. We aimed to define long-term outcome in a transatlantic cohort of 1001 individuals.

Methods and Results—
Clinical and genetic characteristics and follow-up data of ARVD/C index-patients (n=439, fulfilling of 2010 criteria in all) and family members (n=562) were assessed. Mutations were identified in 276 index-patients (63%). Index-patients presented predominantly with sustained ventricular arrhythmias (268; 61%). During a median follow-up of 7 years, 301 of the 416 index-patients presenting alive (72%) experienced sustained ventricular arrhythmias. Sudden cardiac death during follow-up occurred more frequently among index-patients without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (10/63, 16% versus 2/335, 0.6%). Overall, cardiac mortality and the need for cardiac transplantation were low (6% and 4%, respectively). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar in index-patients with and without mutations, as well as in those with familial and nonfamilial ARVD/C. ARVD/C was diagnosed in 207 family members (37%). Symptoms at first evaluation correlated with disease expression. Family members with mutations were more likely to meet Task Force Criteria for ARVD/C (40% versus 18%), experience sustained ventricular arrhythmias (11% versus 1%), and die from a cardiac cause (2% versus 0%) than family members without mutations.

Conclusions—
Long-term outcome was favorable in diagnosed and treated ARVD/C index-patients and family members. Outcome in index-patients was modulated by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, but not by mutation status and familial background of disease. One third of family members developed ARVD/C. Outcome in family members was determined by symptoms at first evaluation and mutations.
Far-Infrared Radiative Properties of Water Vapor and Clouds in Antarctica
Authors: Palchetti Luca , Bianchini Giovanni , Di Natale Gianluca , Del Guasta Massimo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Water vapor and clouds are among the most important greenhouse components whose radiative features cover all the broad spectral range of the thermal emission of the atmosphere. Typically more than 40% of the total thermal emission of Earth occurs in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral region from 100 to 667 cm−1 (wavelengths from 100 to 15 µm). Nevertheless, this spectral region has not ever been fully covered down to 100 cm−1 by space missions, and only a few ground-based experiments exist because of the difficulty of performing measurements from high altitude and very dry locations where the atmosphere is sufficiently transparent to observe the FIR emission features. To cover this lack of observations, the Italian experiment “Radiative Properties of Water Vapor and Clouds in Antarctica” has collected a 2-yr dataset of spectral measurements of the radiance emitted by the atmosphere and by clouds, such as cirrus and polar stratospheric clouds, from 100 to 1,400 cm−1 (100–7 µm of wavelength), including the underexplored FIR region, along with polarization-sensitive lidar observations, daily radiosondes, and other ancillary information to characterize the atmosphere above the site. Measurements have been performed almost continuously with a duty cycle of 6 out of 9 h, from the Italian–French base of Concordia at Dome C over the Antarctic Plateau at 3,230 m MSL, in all-sky conditions since 2012. Because of the uniqueness of the observations, this dataset will be extremely valuable for evaluating the accuracy of atmospheric absorption models (both gas and clouds) in the underexplored FIR and to detect possible daily, seasonal, and annual climate signatures.
Quantifying Diurnal Cloud Radiative Effects by Cloud Type in the Tropical Western Pacific
Authors: Burleyson Casey D. , Long Charles N. , Comstock Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCloud radiative effects are examined using long-term datasets collected at the U.S. Department of Energy’s three Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facilities in the tropical western Pacific Ocean. The surface radiation budget, cloud populations, and cloud radiative effects are quantified by partitioning the data by cloud type, time of day, and large-scale modes of variability such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase and wet/dry seasons at Darwin, Australia. The novel aspect of this analysis is the breakdown of aggregate cloud radiative effects by cloud type across the diurnal cycle. The Nauru Island (Republic of Nauru) cloud populations and subsequently the surface radiation budget are strongly impacted by ENSO variability, whereas the cloud populations over Manus Island (Papua New Guinea) shift only slightly in response to changes in ENSO phase. The Darwin site exhibits large seasonal monsoon-related variations. When present, deeper convective clouds have a strong influence on the amount of radiation that reaches the surface. Their limited frequency reduces their aggregate radiative impact, however. The largest source of shortwave cloud radiative effects at all three sites comes from low clouds. The observations are used to demonstrate that potential model biases in the amplitude of the diurnal cycle and mean cloud frequency would lead to larger errors in the surface energy budget when compared with biases in the timing of the diurnal cycle of cloud frequency. These results provide solid benchmarks to evaluate model simulations of cloud radiative effects in the tropics.
North Atlantic Eddy-Driven Jet in Interglacial and Glacial Winter Climates
Authors: Merz Niklaus , Raible Christoph C. , Woollings Tim 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe atmospheric westerly flow in the North Atlantic (NA) sector is dominated by atmospheric waves or eddies generating via momentum flux convergence, the so-called eddy-driven jet. The position of this jet is variable and shows for the present-day winter climate three preferred latitudinal states: a northern, central, and southern position in the NA. Here, the authors analyze the behavior of the eddy-driven jet under different glacial and interglacial boundary conditions using atmosphere–land-only simulations with the CCSM4 climate model. As state-of-the-art climate models tend to underestimate the trimodality of the jet latitude, the authors apply a bias correction and successfully extract the trimodal behavior of the jet within CCSM4. The analysis shows that during interglacial times (i.e., the early Holocene and the Eemian) the preferred jet positions are rather stable and the observed multimodality is the typical interglacial character of the jet. During glacial times, the jet is strongly enhanced, its position is shifted southward, and the trimodal behavior vanishes. This is mainly due to the presence of the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS). The LIS enhances stationary waves downstream, thereby accelerating and displacing the NA eddy-driven jet by anomalous stationary momentum flux convergence. Additionally, changes in the transient eddy activity caused by topography changes as well as other glacial boundary conditions lead to an acceleration of the westerly winds over the southern NA at the expense of more northern areas. Consequently, both stationary and transient eddies foster the southward shift of the NA eddy-driven jet during glacial winter times.
Assimilation of Dual-Polarization Radar Observations in Mixed- and Ice-Phase Regions of Convective Storms: Information Content and Forward Model Errors
Authors: Posselt Derek J. , Li Xuanli , Tushaus Samantha A. , Mecikalski John R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Dual-polarization Doppler radar has proven useful for the estimation of hydrometeor content and the classification of hydrometeor type. Recent studies have leveraged dual-polarization-specific information to produce improved assimilated cloud and precipitation fields from the warm rain (above freezing) portion of deep convective storms. While the strengths of dual-polarization radar observations have been conclusively shown for rain and hail hydrometeors, it is less clear how much information is provided in mixed-phase and ice-only regions.
In this paper, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to examine the information content of dual-polarization-specific variables in the ice-phase region of a convective storm. Results are used to quantify how much information is added by specific differential phase and radar correlation coefficient, as well as how this information is degraded when the assumed particle size distribution and particle density are allowed to vary. It is found that dual-polarization-specific observations (Kdp and ρhv) provide significant information on rimed ice content, and moderate information on pristine ice, especially where snow mass is more than 10% of the total volume hydrometeor mass. There is a significant reduction in information content for rain and a near-complete loss of information for graupel–hail and snow when the particle size distribution and ice particle densities are not well known, and there are systematic changes in radar information gain and loss with changes in hydrometeor mass. The results highlight the need for a thorough exploration of forward model sensitivities prior to performing radar data assimilation.
Pediatric Head and Neck Malignancies
Authors: Schwartz Isaac , Hughes Charlotte , Brigger Matthew T. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveDetermine the current epidemiology of head and neck (H&N) cancer in the US pediatric population.Study DesignAnalysis of national tumor registries comparing childhood H&N cancer trends to overall childhood cancer trends.Subjects and MethodsThe SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database was accessed to gather epidemiologic data regarding pediatric H&N cancer between 1973 and 2010. Specific trends related to demographic background, histologic diagnosis, tumor location, and incidence, as well as general trends of all pediatric cancers, were extracted.ResultsThe total burden and incidence rates of pediatric cancer as well as H&N cancer continue to rise. Cancer was diagnosed in children <15 years old at a rate of 12.5 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9‐13.1) per 100,000 from 1973 to 1975 and 17.3 (95% CI, 16.7‐17.9) from 2007 to 2009, an increase of 38%. H&N cancers in the same age group increased from 1.1 (95% CI, 0.9‐1.2) in 1973‐1975 to 1.6 (95% CI, 1.4‐1.8) in 2007‐2009, an increase of 45%. Despite this apparent increased incidence, the proportion of H&N cancers to all cancers in the pediatric population has remained stable.ConclusionAs with all pediatric cancer, the public health burden of pediatric H&N cancer continues to rise. The proportion of H&N malignancy to all pediatric cancer is stable. With the incidence increasing, however, work to identify treatment strategies remains crucial.
The Effect of Tonsillectomy Alone in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Senchak Andrew J. , McKinlay Alex J. , Acevedo Jason , Swain Brenda , Tiu Maitram Christine , Chen Brian S. , Robitschek Jon , Ruhl Douglas S. , Williams Lawrence L. , Camacho Macario , Frey William C. , O’Connor Peter D. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tonsillectomy as a single procedure in the treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignProspective multi‐institutional study evaluating adults with tonsillar hypertrophy scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy as an isolated surgery.SettingTertiary care medical centers within the US Department of Defense.Subjects and MethodsAdult subjects with tonsillar hypertrophy who were already scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled from October 2010 to July 2013. Subjects underwent physical examination, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Berlin Questionnaire, and polysomnogram before surgery and after. Collected data included demographics, questionnaire scores, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), and lowest saturation of oxygen.ResultsA total of 202 consecutive subjects undergoing tonsillectomy were enrolled. The final analysis included 19 subjects testing positive for OSA. The mean age was 27.9 years; mean body mass index, 29.6; median tonsil size, 3; and most frequent Friedman stage, 1. The AHI before surgery ranged from 5.4 to 56.4 events per hour. The mean AHI decreased from 18.0 to 3.2 events per hour after surgery, a reduction of 82%. The responder rate—with subjects achieving at least a 50% reduction of AHI to a value <15—was 94.7%. Following tonsillectomy, there were statistically significant reductions in median lowest saturation of oxygen level and Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Berlin scores.ConclusionsAdult tonsillectomy alone has beneficial effect in OSA management, particularly in young overweight men with large tonsils, moderate OSA, and low Friedman stage.
Objective Vestibular Testing of Children with Dizziness and Balance Complaints Following Sports‐Related Concussions
Authors: Zhou Guangwei , Brodsky Jacob R. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo conduct objective assessment of children with balance and vestibular complaints following sports‐related concussions and identify the underlying deficits by analyzing laboratory test outcomes.Study DesignsCase series with chart review.SettingPediatric tertiary care facility.Subjects and MethodsMedical records were reviewed of 42 pediatric patients with balance and/or vestibular complaints following sports‐related concussions who underwent comprehensive laboratory testing on their balance and vestibular function. Patients’ characteristics were summarized and results analyzed.ResultsMore than 90% of the children with protracted dizziness or imbalance following sports‐related concussion had at least 1 abnormal finding from the comprehensive balance and vestibular evaluation. The most frequent deficit was found in dynamic visual acuity test, followed by Sensory Organization Test and rotational test. Patient’s balance problem associated with concussion seemed to be primarily instigated by vestibular dysfunction. Furthermore, semicircular canal dysfunction was involved more often than dysfunction of otolith organs. Yet, <10% of the children experienced a hearing loss following sports‐related concussion.ConclusionsVestibular impairment is common among children with protracted dizziness or imbalance following sports‐related concussion. Our study demonstrated that proper and thorough evaluation is imperative to identify these underlying deficits and laboratory tests were helpful in the diagnosis and recommendation of following rehabilitations.
Myringotomy and Ventilation Tube Insertion with Endoscopic or Microscopic Technique in Adults
Authors: Martellucci Salvatore , Pagliuca Giulio , de Vincentiis Marco , De Virgilio Armando , Fusconi Massimo , Gallipoli Camilla , Rosato Chiara , Gallo Andrea 
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of endoscopic‐assisted myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion in adults affected by chronic otitis media with effusion, comparing the outcomes of this approach with those obtained with the traditional microscopic technique. Twenty‐four patients were enrolled in this trial and alternately assigned to 2 groups of 12 subjects each. In group A, patients underwent myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion under endoscopic view, whereas in group B, the same procedure was performed traditionally using a microscope. All cases were evaluated 1 week after surgery and then monthly until tube extrusion. Type A tympanogram was achieved in 10 of 13 ears in both groups (76.92%). No significant difference in operative times or complication rates was observed (P >. 05). Endoscopic technique could be a viable alternative to the microscopic approach for myringotomy and ventilation tube positioning in adults affected by chronic otitis media with effusion.
Airway Management in Severe Combat Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Keller Matthew W. , Han Peggy P. , Galarneau Michael R. , Brigger Matthew T. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesAirway stabilization is critical in combat maxillofacial injury as normal anatomical landmarks can be obscured. The study objective was to characterize the epidemiology of airway management in maxillofacial trauma.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.SettingMilitary treatment facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan and stateside tertiary care centers.SubjectsIn total, 1345 military personnel with combat‐related maxillofacial injuries sustained March 2004 to August 2010 were identified from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes.MethodsDescriptive statistics, including basic demographics, injury severity, associated injuries, and airway interventions, were collected. A logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with the need for tracheostomy.ResultsA total of 239 severe maxillofacial injuries were identified. The most common mechanism of injury was improvised explosive devices (66%), followed by gunshot wounds (8%), mortars (5%), and landmines (4%). Of the subjects, 51.4% required intubation on their initial presentation. Of tracheostomies, 30.4% were performed on initial presentation. Of those who underwent bronchoscopy, 65.2% had airway inhalation injury. There was a significant relationship between the presence of head and neck burn and association with airway inhalation injury (P <. 0001). There was also a significant relationship between the severity of facial injury and the need for intubation (P =. 002), as well as the presence of maxillofacial fracture and the need for tracheostomy (P =. 0001).ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of airway injury in combat maxillofacial trauma, which may be underestimated. Airway management in this population requires a high degree of suspicion and low threshold for airway stabilization.
Corticosteroid Use Does Not Alter Nasal Mucus Glucose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hatten Kyle M. , Palmer James N. , Lee Robert J. , Adappa Nithin D. , Kennedy David W. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate nasal mucus glucose concentrations in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis and determine if corticosteroid therapy alters mucus glucose.Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle tertiary care center.SubjectsNinety‐five patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires that included a history of medical and surgical therapies as well as sinusitis‐specific quality‐of‐life measurements. Nasal mucus was collected in an outpatient clinic using an open cell foam technique. The nasal mucus glucose concentrations of patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis were compared to the use of systemic and topical glucocorticoid treatment.ResultsA statistically significant difference was measured between mean nasal glucose secretions of control patients, 10.2 mg/dL, compared with patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 18.4 mg/dL (P <. 0001). Use of corticosteroids, both topical and systemic, did not correlate with nasal glucose concentrations.ConclusionPatients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis have elevated nasal glucose concentrations compared with control patients, and this elevated nasal glucose level was independent of corticosteroid use. Nasal glucose may independently contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Eosinophilic Laryngitis in Children with Aerodigestive Dysfunction
Authors: Yawn Robert J. , Acra Sari , Goudy Steven L. , Flores Raina , Wootten Christopher T. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the presence of laryngeal eosinophils and associated symptomatology in patients with aerodigestive dysfunction.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle tertiary pediatric referral center.SubjectsEighty‐one consecutive pediatric patients referred to a multidisciplinary aerodigestive clinic with upper airway concerns.MethodsMicrolaryngoscopy and posterior arytenoid biopsy, flexible bronchoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and esophageal biopsy, and impedance probe testing were performed as indicated by clinical symptoms. Positive versus negative posterior arytenoid biopsy for eosinophils and the presence or absence of concomitant histopathological laryngitis and/or esophagitis were measured.ResultsNine of 81 (11%) patients had positive laryngeal biopsy for eosinophils (range, 1‐29 eosinophils/high‐powered field [HPF]). Three of these 9 patients also had concurrent biopsy‐proven eosinophilic esophagitis, while 8 of 81 total patients had biopsy‐proven eosinophilic esophagitis. The frequency of biopsy‐proven eosinophilic esophagitis was higher in patients with posterior arytenoid eosinophils versus patients without laryngeal eosinophils (33% versus 6.9%, P =. 0408).ConclusionsEosinophilic inflammation in the larynx has not been described in children with complex aerodigestive complaints. Posterior arytenoid eosinophils may serve as a marker of chronic laryngeal inflammation in children with aerodigestive dysfunction, although their exact role in this inflammation remains unclear. In our population, >15 eosinophils/HPF within posterior arytenoid biopsies was associated with concomitant eosinophilic esophagitis.
Unexpected Detection of Parotid Gland Malignancy during Primary Extracapsular Dissection
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Velegrakis Stylianos , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the oncologic and functional outcome in cases in which a false preoperative working hypothesis “benign parotid tumor” led to a primary extracapsular dissection being performed rather than a traditional, more radical surgical modality.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic tertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsThe records of all patients treated for malignant tumors of the parotid gland between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively studied. Patients were excluded from our study sample for insufficient data or if their histories indicated manifestation of malignant tumors without primary parotid origin (squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas, melanomas), revision surgery, as well as concomitant or past malignant tumors. Consequently, a total of 29 patients with 30 primary malignant tumors of the parotid gland formed our study sample (14 men, 15 women; male:female ratio, 0.93:1; mean age, 55.4 years; range, 14‐85 years).ResultsOf 30 cases, 22 had low‐grade tumors. Further tumor cells were detected in only the histology specimens of the parotid in 3 of the 25 cases treated subsequently with completion parotidectomy. Five patients received adjuvant radiation. Five‐year disease‐specific survival was 100%; local disease control was 96.6%. Of 30 cases, 28 had House‐Brackmann I after tumor treatment; the other 2 cases had a slight paralysis (House‐Brackmann II).ConclusionBeginning with the “false” working hypothesis and performing an extracapsular dissection in unsuspected cases seems to have no adverse impact on patients’ survival and postoperative quality of life in cases in which definitive histology reveals malignancy.