bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authors’ Response: Improving News Coverage in the 2012 Presidential Campaign and Beyond
Authors: Farnsworth Stephen J. , Lichter S. Robert 
Published: October 2015

Recently, Politics & Policy published an article presenting our findings that reveal President Barack Obama received something of a media honeymoon in The New York Times, a sharp contrast from that influential newspaper's first‐year coverage of Reagan, Clinton, and George W. Bush. Our findings triggered a thoughtful column concerning political coverage by the Times’ public editor, Arthur S. Brisbane, which in turn led to extensive online discussions of media bias. In the interest of continuing this discussion and encouraging more substantive, even‐handed, and informative news in the ongoing presidential campaign, this short response offers suggestions about what we regard as the two key problems of contemporary journalism: that the media are too focused on the sports of politics (“the horse‐race”) at the expense of issue‐based coverage, and that media outlets sometimes play favorites in the tone of coverage.Related Articles
Farnsworth, Stephen J., and S. Robert Lichter. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 69‐91. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00338.x/abstract

Jones, David A., Kathleen Ferraiolo, and Jennifer Byrne. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 195‐221. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00288.x/abstract

Mena‐Aleman, David. 2006. “” Politics & Policy 36 (): 196‐215. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00009.x/abstract
Related Media
Brisbane, Arthur S. 2012. “.” (April 21). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/opinion/sunday/a‐hard‐look‐at‐the‐president.html?_r=2

Tranto, James. 2012. “.” (April 23). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303459004577362020492037752.html

Hudson, John. 2012. “.” (April 23). http://www.theatlanticwire.com/business/2012/04/new‐york‐times‐obamas‐safe‐haven/51461/

Beaujon, Andrew. 2012. “.” (March 7). http://www.poynter.org/latest‐news/mediawire/165736/obama‐did‐in‐fact‐enjoy‐a‐media‐honeymoon‐with‐new‐york‐times‐says‐study/
Recientemente, Politics & Policy publicó un artículo presentando resultados nuestros que revelan que el presidente Barak Obama recibió una especie de luna de miel en el periódico The New York Times, mostrando un gran contraste en la cobertura del primer año de Reagan, Clinton y George W. Bush. Nuestros resultados provocaron una nota editorial reflexiva por parte del editor público del Times Arthur S. Brisbane, quién a su vez desencadenó extensas discusiones en línea sobre la imparcialidad de los medios de comunicación. Con el interés de continuar esta discusión y fomentar noticias más sustanciales, imparciales e informativas en la actual campaña presidencial, este breve ensayo ofrece sugerencias respecto a lo que consideramos los dos problemas clave del periodismo contemporáneo: que los medios están muy enfocados en el deporte de la política (o “the horse‐race”) a expensas de reportajes basados en problemas y que los medios de comunicación algunas veces muestran un tono de favoritismo en sus coberturas.
Fiscal Federalism, Performance Policies, and Education Reforms: Are States Using Performance Policies to Improve Workforce Quality?
Authors: Patrick Barbara 
Published: October 2015

Performance policies aim to use provisions such as competitive recruitment packages, performance pay, outcome‐based tenure decisions, and sanction to enhance the quality of the public sector workforce. Federal Race to the Top and No Child Left Behind policies have promoted the adoption of such principles among the states by linking funding to their implementation. While all 50 states have developed performance policies, the policies vary in strength and rigor. This research uses fiscal federalism and other state characteristics to assess factors affecting commitment to performance workforce development policies among the states. It finds that state need and commitment to federal initiatives influence the strength of voluntary state performance policies. It also finds that performance workforce development policies influence the dismissal of underperforming educators and the retention of highly qualified employees. However, a negative relationship is reported between policy strength and the retention of highly qualified teachers.Related Articles
Webber, David J. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 81‐95. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00229.x/abstract

Roch, Christine, and Amanda Wilsker. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 1187‐1210. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00274.x/abstract

Brill, Sam, and Abby McCartney. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 750‐774. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00133.x/abstract
Related Media
Film Clip: . 2007. “.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSTzLILQx3c
Las políticas basadas en el desempeño tienen como objetivo usar incentivos como contratos de reclutamiento competitivos, salario en base al desempeño, asignación de puestos permanentes en base a resultados, y sanciones para mejorar la calidad de la fuerza laboral del sector público. Las políticas de Federal Race to the Top (Camino federal a la cima) y No Child Left Behind (Que ningún niño de quede atrás) han promovido la adopción de estos principios entre los estados americanos al enlazar fondos para su implementación. Mientras que los 50 estados han desarrollado políticas basadas en el desempeño, las políticas varían en fuerza y rigor. Este estudio hace uso del federalismo fiscal y otras características estatales para evaluar los factores que afectan el compromiso con las políticas de desarrollo de la fuerza laboral entre los estados. Se encuentra que las necesidades estatales y el compromiso con las iniciativas federales tiene un efecto en el esfuerzo voluntario para las políticas estatales basadas en el desempeño. También se encuentra que las políticas para aumentar el desempeño de la fuerza laboral tienen un efecto en la destitución de educadores de bajo rendimiento y la retención de empleados altamente calificados. Sin embargo, se reporta una relación negativa entre el esfuerzo de las políticas y la retención de profesores altamente calificados.
Can Social Dialogue Be a Social Coordination Mechanism? Social Dialogue Policies in Chile between 1990 and 2010
Authors: Cerda Becker Claudia , Valenzuela Hernán Cuevas 
Published: October 2015

This article explores social dialogue (SD) as it relates to systems theory. A brief historical overview of Chilean SD policies between 1990 and 2010 precedes analysis of employer and union leader discourse on the topic of SD. We suggest that although SD condenses positive projections, and consequently is valued by the parties involved in labor relations, concrete instances have encountered obstacles related to legitimization and institutionalization of SD. We propose that the primary factors diminishing the probability of communication are the semantics governing each party's perceptions, each party's hetero‐references, and negative expectations of its counterpart. Nevertheless, SD could become an appropriate social coordination mechanism for an increasingly complex, democratic society.Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:
Luckhurst and Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract

Palonen. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 930‐957. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00389.x/abstract

Zavala de Alba. 2012. .” Politics & Policy 40 (): 783‐801. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00385.x/abstract
Este artículo explora el Diálogo Social (DS) y su relación con la teoría de sistemas. Una breve revisión histórica de las políticas de DS chilenas entre 1990 y 2010 precede el análisis del discurso de los patrones empleadores y líderes sindicales sobre el DS. Nosotros sugerimos que aunque el DS condensa proyecciones positivas y en consecuencia es valorado por las partes involucradas en las relaciones laborales, las instancias concretas han encontrado obstáculos relacionados con la legitimación e institucionalización del DS. Proponemos que los principales factores que disminuyen la probabilidad de la comunicación son: la semántica que rodea la percepción de cada partes y las hetero‐referencias de cada partido y las expectativas negativas de cada contraparte. Sin embargo, el DS se podría convertir en un mecanismo de coordinación social apropiado para una democracia cada vez más democrática y completa.
PHANTOM-S: The Prehospital Acute Neurological Therapy and Optimization of Medical Care in Stroke Patients – Study
Authors: Ebinger Martin , Rozanski Michal , Waldschmidt Carolin , Weber Joachim , Wendt Matthias , Winter Benjamin , Kellner Philipp , Baumann André-Michael , Malzahn Uwe , Heuschmann Peter U. , Fiebach Jochen B. , Endres Matthias , Audebert Heinrich J. ,   for the STEMO-Consortium
Published: October 2015

Rationale Time from symptom onset to treatment is closely associated with the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients. Hospitals are encouraged to take every effort to shorten delay of treatment. Despite combined efforts to streamline procedures in hospitals to provide treatment as soon as possible, most patients receive tissue plasminogen activator with considerable delay and very few of them within 90 mins. Germany has an internationally acknowledged prehospital emergency care system with specially trained doctors on ambulances. We developed an ambulance equipped with a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner, point-of-care laboratory, teleradiological support, and an emergency-trained neurologist on board. In the Pre-Hospital Acute Neurological Therapy and Optimization of Medical care in Stroke Patients study, we aim at a reduction of the current alarm-to-needle time by prehospital use of tissue plasminogen activator in an ambulance. Aims We hypothesized that compared with regular care, we will reduce alarm-to-needle time by a minimum of 20 mins by implementation of the stroke emergency mobile unit. Design Prospective study comparing randomly allocated periods with and without stroke emergency mobile unit availability. Study Outcomes Primary end point of the study is alarm-to-needle time. Secondary outcomes include thrombolysis treatment rates, modified Rankin scale after three-months, and alarm-to-imaging or alarm-to-laboratory time; safety aspects to be evaluated are mortality and rates of (symptomatic) intracerebral hemorrhage.
Unpackaging synthetic biology: Identification of oversight policy problems and options
Authors: Kuzma Jennifer , Tanji Todd 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe emerging field of synthetic biology (SB) is just entering policy debates. Reports from non‐governmental organizations, such as the ETC Group and the International Risk Governance Council, have recently been issued, but there have been few systematic analyses of the policy problems that we will likely face as this area develops. Biosecurity issues are the most defined; other societal oversight issues and implications have not been well explored. Although SB could assist in addressing pressing global challenges, such as sustainable and renewable energy, there are considerable societal concerns that accompany its development and applications. This article is designed to anticipate and prepare for these concerns by identifying policy problems associated with SB oversight, upstream of its development. Projected applications of SB are reviewed and a typology of them is developed. Key oversight policy problems are then identified based on historical experiences with other emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology and biotechnology. Problems associated with biosecurity, biosafety, intellectual property, and ethics are discussed in relation to the typology of SB applications to identify applications of the highest potential concern. Finally, policy options for SB oversight are considered, preventative to promotional. We propose that different categories of SB application may warrant different oversight regimes: there might not be an appropriate “one size fits all” approach. We stop short of making specific recommendations, but suggest that the typology, problems, and oversight options identified in this article be used as a starting point for deliberative, democratic decisionmaking processes that take into account a wide range of perspectives about risk, economic impact, scientific progress, and moral reasoning in the design of oversight systems.
Damned if You Do, Damned if You Don't? The Lundbeck Case of Pentobarbital, the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and Competing Human Rights Responsibilities
Authors: Buhmann Karin 
Published: October 2015

In early 2011, news emerged that United States authorities had begun to apply injections of pentobarbital, a substance provided by Danish pharmaceutical company Lundbeck, when executing capital punishments. Lundbeck reported to be appalled by such unintended usage of pentobarbital, which is licensed for treatment of refractory forms of epilepsy and for usage as an anaesthetic.The human rights NGOs Reprieve and Amnesty International urged Lundbeck to ensure that pentobarbital was not made available to U.S. authorities for use in capital punishments. Lundbeck argued that complete halting of provision of pentobarbital would be detrimental to patients suffering from conditions of severe epilepsy for whom the substance was developed and intended for treatment for life-threatening epileptic seizures. Lundbeck’s Danish headquarters also argued that controlling the provision of pentobarbital was out of Danish Lundbeck’s hands because the substance is produced at Lundbeck’s plant in the United States. Eventually, after talks with Amnesty International and Reprieve, Lundbeck in July 2011 announced that it would seek to put a stop to using pentobarbital in capital punishment through the introduction of a “drop-ship” program (ensuring that the drug is distributed through one specific channel and buyers are required to sign a statement that the product will not be applied towards capital punishment).
Health Reform and the Preservation of Confidential Health Care for Young Adults
Authors: Slive Lauren , Cramer Ryan 
Published: October 2015

A major issue facing the health of both minors and young adults in the United States is the often unintentional lack of confidentiality maintained in the provision of sensitive health services. Studies have shown that access to confidential care is crucial for minors seeking preventive care and treatment for sensitive services. Evidence demonstrates that many minors will not seek health care if confidentiality cannot be ensured, which can have significant negative health implications; this finding can be extended to young adults covered under their parents health plans. Young adults, not just minors, also often forgo important sensitive services when they face a breach of confidentiality, which most likely occurs when their parents have access to the adult child's health information.Currently, private insurance companies generally send the policyholder an explanation of benefits (EOB) whenever a service is provided under a plan. EOBs generally include information identifying the patient, provider, type of care received, total charge for services, amount paid by the insurance company, and any financial obligation of the policyholder.
Global and Euro Imbalances: China and Germany
Authors: Ma Guonan , McCauley Robert N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe analyze global and euro area imbalances by focusing on China and Germany as large surplus and creditor countries. In the 2000s, domestic reforms expanded the effective labor force, restrained wages, shifted income toward profits and increased corporate saving. As a result, the Chinese and German current account surpluses widened, and that of Germany has proven more persistent, with subdued domestic investment. China is an early‐stage creditor, holding a short equity position and a long position in safe debt. Germany's balanced net debt and equity claims mark it as a mature creditor that provides insurance to the rest of the world. China pays to lay off equity risk, while Germany, by contrast, harvests a moderate yield on its net claims. In both economies, the shortfall of the net international investment position from cumulated current account surpluses arises from exchange rate changes, asymmetric valuation gains, and, in Germany's case, credit losses.
Making Learning Visible
Authors: Urrea Claudia , Bender Walter 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAlmost two million children in more than 40 countries around the world have received a One Laptop per Child (OLPC) XO netbook computer. These netbooks represent the commitment of politicians, community leaders, and educators to implement disruptive, large‐scale education reform initiatives that will advance their countries into the 21st century and prepare their children for interconnected, global, creative, and knowledge economies. Expectations for the success of these initiatives are high, and local stakeholders as well as numerous international organizations look to these experiments with cautious optimism. These programs hold the promise to expand the learning and creative potentials of broad populations. As such, arguably, one of the greatest challenges facing these initiatives is designing and implementing mechanisms that help make the outcomes visible, understandable, and actionable by all audiences. In this article, we discuss initiatives being developed by OLPC at different levels of scale: at the meta level to understand impact across nations and learn about the emerging developments in the different programs; at the mezzo level to allow stakeholders to understand the development of the program in their countries and their schools; and at the micro level to help teachers and students understand emerging learning by children over a given period of time. We present some examples of student work to illustrate how some children are making creative contributions to OLPC.Inspired in the collaboration and work by Project Zero and Reggio Children, this article was given the name “Making Learning Visible.” Beyond the title, the work presented in this article recognizes the child both as an individual and a group learner; recognizes the acts as well as the products of learning; and above all, values the children's reflections and approaches to make their learning visible.
Application of phytochemicals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic and antistress agents in finfish culture
Authors: Chakraborty Suman Bhusan , Hancz Csaba 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, pigments, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids and essential oils are a large group of plant‐derived compounds commonly found in diets high in fruits, vegetables, beans and cereals. Plant remedies are closely linked to the maintenance of good health in the cultural heritage of many countries. Despite the potential benefits to health and performance as noted in various terrestrial animals, the use of phytochemicals in fish farming has rarely been investigated. Fish culture is under pressure to decrease the use of synthetic antibiotics and chemotherapeutics because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. Consequently, efforts are being made to exploit plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential alternatives to synthetic chemicals for the stimulation of immune responses and disease resistance in fish. The phytochemicals contained in herbs may enhance the innate immune system and possess antimicrobial capabilities that may be of immense use in fish culture without causing any environmental and/or hazardous problems. Most phytochemicals are redox active molecules that have anti‐oxidant characteristics that may improve the general physiological condition of fish. This review discusses the results emanating from different studies related to the in vivo application of plants and/or phytochemicals in fish in relation to immunostimulation, antipathogenic and antistress activities. Special emphasis is given to the use of Chinese and Indian herbs as immunostimulants in different finfish species during culture and as antibacterial agents against Aeromonas hydrophila.
Stress response for disease control in aquaculture
Authors: Sung Yeong Yik , MacRae Thomas H. , Sorgeloos Patrick , Bossier Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHeat shock proteins (Hsps) are robustly induced by diverse stressors that denature proteins. In addition to stress resistance, Hsps are involved in the folding of nascent proteins, plant and animal development, aging, environmental adaptation and the immune response, demonstrating the fundamental importance of these proteins to cell survival. Heat shock proteins are induced in aquatic organisms by perturbations of temperature and salinity, environmental contaminants, handling, hormones and biotic stressors. Exposure to sublethal stress may enhance tolerance to a subsequent stress, a process termed induced thermotolerance, and provide protection to stressors other than the initial stress, known as cross‐tolerance. In the present review, we briefly describe the established approaches that are used to control disease during aquaculture. This is followed by documentation of Hsp induction after exposure to stressors commonly encountered by aquatic organisms. Induced thermotolerance, cross‐tolerance and immune enhancement by Hsps are also considered. Although physiological stress is known to decrease disease resistance it is now becoming clear that stress‐induced Hsps enhance the tolerance of aquatic organisms to disease. Potential applications for Hsps in the commercial production of fish, crustaceans and molluscs are indicated, an issue of significance when the importance of aquaculture in feeding the world’s population is realized.
Les acteurs sociaux et la modélisation phénoménologique1
Authors: Laflamme Simon 
Published: October 2015

L'approche phénoménologique détient un quasi monopole en sciences sociales pour ce qui est des analyses de l'acteur social et de sa subjectivité. Pourtant, l'appareil conceptuel qui lui est associé est très restrictif. L'être humain doit être compris comme rationnel, conscient, intentionnel, autonome, et, de surcroît, il est entendu que cet être n'agit qu'en fonction de son intérêt. Pour cette raison, une importante dimension de l'activité humaine ne peut pas être prise en considération : tout ce qui échappe à ces catégories analytiques (le non‐rationnel, le non‐conscient, etc.). Plus encore, cette approche ne peut pas vraiment s'ouvrir vers une analyse relationnelle à moins que la relation soit étudiée entre des individus prédéfinis par son appareil conceptuel. Ce défaut de complexité rend difficile la création de liens entre la phénoménologie et l'analyse systémique dans laquelle la relation (et ses dérivés comme la récursivité, la dialectique, la corrélation) joue un rôle essentiel. Cet article entend proposer une voie par laquelle les analyses systémiques pourraient se donner accès à l'individu sans transiter par la phénoménologie.
Social Exclusion and Subjectivity: Youth Expressions in Latin America
Authors: Saraví Gonzalo A. , Makowski Sara 
Published: October 2015

ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es explorar las dimensiones y expresiones subjetivas de la exclusión social. Su principal objetivo es ofrecer nuevas perspectivas sobre las consecuencias de la desafiliación, el abandono y la precariedad social sobre la subjetividad de quienes viven en dichos contextos. El análisis está basado en las voces y prácticas cotidianas de dos grupos de jóvenes en situaciones paradigmáticas de exclusión en dos contextos urbanos de América Latina: “jóvenes de la esquina” en Buenos Aires y “jóvenes de la calle” en la Ciudad de México.