bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When and how to audit a diabetic foot service
Authors: Leese Graham P. , Stang Duncan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractQuality improvement depends on data collection and audit of clinical services to inform clinical improvements. Various steps in the care of the diabetic foot can be used to audit a service but need defined audit standards. A diabetes foot service should have risk stratification system in place that should compare to the population‐based figures of 76% having low‐risk feet, 17% moderate risk and 7% being at high risk of ulceration. Resources can then be directed towards those with high‐risk feet. Prevalence of foot ulceration needs to be audited. Community‐based studies give an audit standard of around 2%, with 2 to 9% having had an ulcer at some stage in the past. Amputation rates should be easier to measure, and the best results are reported to be around 1.5–3 per 1000 people with diabetes. This is a useful benchmark figure, and the rate has been shown to decrease by approximately a third over the last 15 years in some centres. Ulceration rates and ulcer healing rates are the ultimate outcome audit measure as they are always undesirable, whilst occasionally for defined individuals, an amputation can be a good outcome. In addition to clinical outcomes, processes of care can be audited such as provision of clinical services, time from new ulcer to be seen by health care professional, inpatient foot care or use of antibiotics. Measurement of clinical services can be a challenge in the diabetic foot, but it is essential if clinical services and patient outcomes are to be improved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of Notch2 and Notch3 in vascular smooth muscle causes patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Baeten Jeremy T. , Jackson Ashley R. , McHugh Kirk M. , Lilly Brenda 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe overlapping roles of the predominant Notch receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells, Notch2 and Notch3, have not been clearly defined in vivo. In this study, we use a smooth muscle‐specific deletion of Notch2 together with a global Notch3 deletion to produce mice with combinations of mutant and wild‐type Notch2/3 alleles in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mice with complete loss of Notch3 and smooth muscle‐expressed Notch2 display late embryonic lethality and subcutaneous hemorrhage. Mice without smooth muscle‐Notch2 and only one wild‐type copy of Notch3 die within one day of birth and present with vascular defects, most notably patent ductus arteriosus (DA) and aortic dilation. These defects were associated with decreased expression of contractile markers in both the DA and aorta. These results demonstrate that Notch2 and Notch3 have overlapping roles in promoting development of vascular smooth muscle cells, and together contribute to functional closure of the DA. genesis 53:738–748, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of graphite fibers on the performance of sediment microbial fuel cell
Authors: Cai Yan , Yang Na , Ren Yueping , Li Xiufen , Shi Yugang , Zhu Rong , Wang Xinhua 
Published: October 2015

Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a novel technology that oxidizes organics in sludge or river/lake sediment to generate electricity using microorganisms as the biocatalyst. The electricity production performance of the SMFC was obviously enhanced by mixing conductive graphite fibers into the anodic sludge. The output voltages and the maximum power densities (Pmax) of the SMFCs increased with the increase in the added graphite fibers from 0.5 to 5 g L−1. Ultimately, the SMFC with 5 g L−1 graphite fibers (SMFC‐5) exhibited the uppermost output voltage (154 mV) and Pmax (12.48 mW m−2), whereas that of the blank SMFC were 65 mV and 4.68 mW m−2, respectively. Moreover, the phospholipid concentrations on the anode surfaces of the SMFCs augmented with the increase of graphite fibers and the charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) of the corresponding anodes evidently decreased when the amount of graphite fibers was increased. Furthermore, with the increase of graphite fibers, chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies increased from 12.72% of the blank SMFC to 44.64% of the SMFC‐5. However, the SMFC with 0.5 g L−1 graphite fibers (SMFC‐0.5) provided the highest coulombic efficiency (CE%), 2.46%. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 876–881, 2016
Insight into characteristic features of cartilage growth plate as a physiological template for bone formation
Authors: Jaroszewicz Jakub , Kosowska Anna , Hutmacher Dietmar , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Moskalewski Stanisław 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCartilage growth plate is a natural template from both a biochemical and structural point of view and allows osteoblasts migration, proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately, bone formation. It is evolutionary adjusted to support bone formation within strictly defined spatial framework serving as an interesting model for studying more mechanistically aspects which might be important for specific scaffold‐based bone tissue engineering strategies. Surprisingly little is known about the geometric features of this physiological template. To this purpose we analyzed cartilage growth plate from rat, mouse, and human costochondral junction and tibia. High‐resolution X‐ray tomography showed that pore size in the zone of provisional calcification was within 20 to 30 µm range and in the metaphysis in 35 to 50 µm range. The thickness of calcified longitudinal septa in zone of provisional calcification was 3 to 5 µm and in metaphysis 7 to 12 µm. The porosity varied from 84 to 88%. We observed that numerical values characteristic for cartilage growth plate were not significantly influenced by the species of origin, by the type of bone, or by age. In addition, electron microscopy of calcified fragments of longitudinal septa showed that the calcium aggregates were globular, connected with each other, and formed a shell covering cartilage matrix located within longitudinal septa. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 357–366, 2016.
Modulation of keratin in adhesion, proliferation, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of porcine adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Wu Yen‐Lin , Lin Che‐Wei , Cheng Nai‐Chen , Yang Kai‐Chiang , Yu Jiashing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecently, keratin attracts tremendous interest because of its intrinsic ability to interact with different cells. It has the potential to serve as a controllable extracellular matrix protein that can be used to demonstrate cell mechanism and cell–matrix interaction. However, there have been relatively few studies on the effects of keratin on stem cells. In the present work, we study the effects of human keratin on porcine adipose‐derived stem cells (pASCs) and a series of selective cell lines: 3T3 fibroblasts, Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, and MG63 osteoblasts. Relative to un‐treated culture plate, our results showed that keratin coating substrates promote cell adhesion and proliferation to above cell lines. Keratin also improved pASCs adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced cell viability. Evaluation of genetic markers showed that adipogenic and osteogenic differentiations of pASCs can be successfully induced, thus demonstrating that keratin did not influence the stemness of pASCs. Furthermore, keratin improved adipogenic differentiations of pASCs in terms of up‐regulations in lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein alpha. The osteogenic markers type I collagen, runt‐related transcription factor 2, and vitamin D receptor were also upregulated when pASCs cultured on keratin substrates. Therefore, keratin can serve as a biological derived material for surface modification and scaffold fabrication for biomedical purpose. The combination of keratin with stem cells may be a potential candidate for tissue repair in the field of regenerative medicine. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 180–192, 2017.
Cellulose Acetate Membrane Electrophoresis Based Urinary Proteomics for the Identification of Characteristic Proteins
Authors: Nakayama Aki , Kubota Ryo , Sakatsume Minoru , Suzuki Hidenori , Katayama Akira , Kanamori Kiyoko , Shiba Kiyoko , Iijima Shiro 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundAnalysis of urinary proteins using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (CAME) is a useful and challenging method for the recognition of damaged sites in the kidney. However, protein content of each CAME fraction is still not completely understood.MethodsIn this study, an effective method of protein extraction from each band fractionated by CAME was established, which enabled us to examine the extracted proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.ResultsProteins were extracted from the gel and analyzed by mass spectrometry. In all, 31 proteins were identified, including 20 urinary proteins that were newly identified in the CAME‐based analysis.ConclusionThis methodology was useful for identifying the proteins responsible for creating unique bands on CAME in a urine sample of a patient with drug‐induced interstitial nephritis. These findings provide in‐depth characterization of urinary protein contents in each CAME fraction.
Morphology and ultrastructure of the somatic cells in Astacus leptodactylus ovary
Authors: Petrescu Ana‐Maria , Moldovan Lucia , Zarnescu Otilia 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe defined the somatic environment in which female germinal cells develop, and performed ultrastructural analyses of various somatic cell types, with particular reference to muscle cells and follicle cells, that reside within the ovary at different stages of oogenesis. Our findings show that ovarian wall of the crayfish is composed of long muscle cells, blood cells, blood vessels and hemal sinuses. The follicle and germinal cells lie within a common compartment of ovarian follicles that is defined by a continuous basal matrix. The follicle cells form branching cords and migrate to surround the developing oocytes. A thick basal matrix separates the ovarian interstitium from ovarian follicles compartment. Transmission electron microscopy shows that inner layer of basal matrix invaginates deeply into the ovarian compartment. Our results suggest that before being surrounded by follicle cells to form follicles, oogonia and early previtellogenic oocytes reside within a niche surrounded by a basal matrix that separates them from ovarian interstitium. We found coated pits and coated vesicles in the cortical cytoplasm of previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, suggesting the receptor mediated endocytosis for transfer of material from the outside of the oocytes, via follicle cells. The interstitial compartment between the inner muscular layer of the ovarian wall and the basal matrix of the ovarian follicle compartment contains muscle cells, hemal sinuses, blood vessels and blood cells. Granular hemocytes, within and outside the vessels, were the most abundant cell population in the ovarian interstitium of crayfish after spawning and in the immature ovary. J. Morphol. 277:118–127, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superficial radial sensory neuropathy: Medial and lateral branch injury
Authors: Cho Nam Soon , Kim Ki Hoon , Park Byung Kyu , Kim Dong Hwee 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionSuperficial radial sensory nerve (SRN) injury may involve the main nerve or its distal medial or lateral branch. We investigated the utility of SRN conduction studies on the medial and lateral branches in patients with suspected SRN injury.MethodsFifteen patients with symptoms of SRN neuropathy were studied. Their clinical and electrophysiological findings were assessed according to sensory symptom areas. Three active recording electrode positions were used: snuff box (position A); medial branch (position B); and lateral branch (position C).ResultsIn 7 patients with medial area symptoms, abnormal findings were seen in position B (100%) and position A (71%). In 3 patients with medial and lateral area symptoms, abnormal findings were seen in all positions. In 5 patients with lateral symptoms, abnormal findings were seen in position C only.ConclusionsNerve conduction studies for each branch of the SRN are useful in patients with suspected SRN neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 53: 690–693, 2016
Acute bulbar, neck and limb weakness with monospecific anti‐GT1a antibody: A rare localized subtype of Guillain‐Barré sydnrome
Authors: Garg Nidhi , Yuki Nobuhiro , Park Susanna B. , Barnett Michael H. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Acute bulbar, neck, and limb weakness carries several potential differential diagnoses. Although a diagnosis can often be established clinically, investigations such as electrodiagnostic and antibody testing can provide support for the clinical diagnosis and may aid in understanding the pathogenesis. A 65‐year‐old woman presented with acute bulbar, neck, and rapidly progressive bilateral upper limb weakness. Methods: Clinical evaluation, electrophysiological, and serological studies were undertaken. Results: Neurophysiology demonstrated proximal conduction block. A clinical diagnosis of pharyngeal‐cervical‐brachial weakness, a localized variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, was made. The patient received treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and made a remarkable recovery over the next month. She was found to have serum monospecific anti‐GT1a antibodies. Conclusions: We report a case of pharyngeal‐cervical‐brachial weakness with monospecific anti‐GT1a antibodies and discuss the differential diagnosis of acute bulbar, neck, and limb weakness. Muscle Nerve 53: 143–146, 2016
Breakdown of the efficiency gap to 29% based on experimental input data and modeling
Authors: Brendel Rolf , Dullweber Thorsten , Peibst Robby , Kranz Christopher , Merkle Agnes , Walter Daniel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate a procedure for quantifying efficiency gains that treats resistive, recombinative, and optical losses on an equal footing. For this, we apply our conductive boundary model as implemented in the Quokka cell simulator. The generation profile is calculated with a novel analytical light‐trapping model. This model parameterizes the measured reflection spectra and is capable of turning the experimental case gradually into an ideal Lambertian scheme. Simulated and measured short‐circuit current densities agree for our 21.2%‐efficient screen‐printed passivated emitter and rear cell and for our 23.4%‐efficient ion‐implanted laser‐processed interdigitated back‐contacted cell. For the loss analysis of these two cells, we set all experimentally accessible control parameters (e.g., saturation current densities, sheet resistances, and carrier lifetimes) one at a time to ideal values. The efficiency gap to the ultimate limit of 29% is thereby fully explained in terms of both individual improvements and their respective synergistic effects. This approach allows comparing loss structures of different types of solar cells, for example, passivated emitter and rear cell and interdigitated back‐contacted cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of pyrimidine‐based polymers containing electron‐withdrawing substituent with high open circuit voltage and applications for polymer solar cells
Authors: Kim Juae , Young Shim Joo , Lee Jihoon , Yong Lee Dal , Chae Sangmin , Kim Jinwoo , Kim Il , Jung Kim Hyo , Heum Park Sung , Suh Hongsuk 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPolymers using new electron‐deficient units, 2‐pyriminecarbonitrile and 2‐fluoropyrimidine, were synthesized and utilized for the photovoltaics. Donor‐acceptor (D‐A) types of conjugated polymers (PBDTCN, PBDTTCN, PBDTF, and PBDTTF) containing 4,8‐bis(2‐octyldodecyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) or 4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐octyldodecyloxy)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDTT) as electron rich unit and 2‐pyriminecarbonitrile or 2‐fluoropyrimidine as electron deficient unit were synthesized. We designed pyrimidine derivatives in which strong electron‐withdrawing group (CN or fluorine) was introduced to the C2 position for the generation of strong electron‐deficient property. By the combination with the electron‐rich unit, the pyrimidines will provide low band gap polymers with low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels for higher open‐circuit voltages (VOC). For the syntheses of the polymers, the electron‐rich and the electron‐deficient units were combined by Stille coupling reaction with Pd(0)‐catalyst. Absorption spectra of the thin films of PBDTTCN and PBDTTF with BDTT unit show shift to a longer wavelength region than PBDTCN and PBDTF with BDT unit. Four synthesized polymers provided low electrochemical bandgaps of 1.56 to 1.96 eV and deep HOMO energy levels between −5.67 and −5.14 eV. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 771–784
Amphiphilic block copolymer self‐assemblies of poly(NVP)‐b‐poly(MDO‐co‐vinyl esters): Tunable dimensions and functionalities
Authors: Hedir Guillaume G. , Pitto‐Barry A. , Dove Andrew P. , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTFunctional, degradable polymers were synthesized via the copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and 2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (MDO) using a macro‐xanthate CTA, poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone), resulting in the formation of amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(NVP)‐b‐poly(MDO‐co‐VAc). The behavior of the block copolymers in water was investigated and resulted in the formation of self‐assembled nanoparticles containing a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic corona. The size of the resultant nanoparticles was able to be tuned with variation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments of the core and corona by changing the incorporation of the macro‐CTA as well as the monomer composition in the copolymers, as observed by Dynamic Light Scattering, Static Light Scattering, and Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses. The concept was further applied to a VAc derivative monomer, vinyl bromobutanoate, to incorporate further functionalities such as fluorescent dithiomaleimide groups throughout the polymer backbone using azidation and “click” chemistry as postpolymerization tools to create fluorescently labeled nanoparticles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2699–2710
Protein structure determination by conformational space annealing using NMR geometric restraints
Authors: Joo Keehyoung , Joung InSuk , Lee Jinhyuk , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Weontae , Brooks Bernard , Lee Sung Jong , Lee Jooyoung 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe have carried out numerical experiments to investigate the applicability of the global optimization method of conformational space annealing (CSA) to the enhanced NMR protein structure determination over existing PDB structures. The NMR protein structure determination is driven by the optimization of collective multiple restraints arising from experimental data and the basic stereochemical properties of a protein‐like molecule. By rigorous and straightforward application of CSA to the identical NMR experimental data used to generate existing PDB structures, we redetermined 56 recent PDB protein structures starting from fully randomized structures. The quality of CSA‐generated structures and existing PDB structures were assessed by multiobjective functions in terms of their consistencies with experimental data and the requirements of protein‐like stereochemistry. In 54 out of 56 cases, CSA‐generated structures were better than existing PDB structures in the Pareto‐dominant manner, while in the remaining two cases, it was a tie with mixed results. As a whole, all structural features tested improved in a statistically meaningful manner. The most improved feature was the Ramachandran favored portion of backbone torsion angles with about 8.6% improvement from 88.9% to 97.5% (P‐value <10−17). We show that by straightforward application of CSA to the efficient global optimization of an energy function, NMR structures will be of better quality than existing PDB structures. Proteins 2015; 83:2251–2262. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adding yeasts with sugar to increase the number of effective insecticide classes to manage Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in cherry
Authors: Knight Alan L , Basoalto Esteban , Yee Wee , Hilton Rick , Kurtzman Cletus P 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDrosophila suzukii is a major pest of cherry in the western United States. We evaluated whether the addition of sugary baits could improve the efficacy of two classes of insecticides not considered to be sufficiently effective for this pest, diamides and spinosyns, in laboratory and field trials in cherry.RESULTSAdding cane sugar alone or in combination with the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Aureobasidium pullulans significantly improved insecticide efficacy. However, the significance of adding yeasts to the sugar plus insecticide on fly mortality varied with respect to both the insecticide and yeast species. The addition of S. cerevisiae to sugar also did not significantly reduce egg densities in fruit compared with sugar alone. The addition of a yeast plus sugar significantly reduced egg densities in three field trials with cyantraniliprole and in two out of three trials with spinosad.CONCLUSIONThe addition of cane sugar with or without yeast can improve the effectiveness of diamide and spinosyn insecticides for D. suzukii in cherry. Inclusion of these two insecticides in D. suzukii management programs may alleviate the strong selection pressure currently being imposed on a few mode‐of‐action insecticide classes used by growers to maintain fly suppression over long continuous harvest periods of mixed cultivars. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis and Solution Properties of a Double‐Tailed Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant with a Protrudent Head Group
Authors: Song Binglei , Xu Zonghui , Yu Xiaona , Chen Shuyi , Li Shunan , Shi Rongzhen , Cui Zhenggang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModification of the molecular structure of surfactants is an effective method for exploring their self‐assembly. A double‐tailed quaternary ammonium surfactant with a protrudent head group, namely 2‐octyldecyltrimethylammonium bromide (2‐ODTAB) was synthesized, and the solution properties were investigated by surface tension, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic TEM. A comparative study was also performed on the traditional double‐tailed homologue surfactants dioctyldimethylammonium bromide (8–8), didecyldimethylammonium bromide (10–10), and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (12–12). The results showed that 2‐ODTAB was more effective at lowering surface tension and in forming stable vesicles than traditional double‐tailed surfactants with similar alkyl chain length. The reason is attributed to the improved structure of 2‐ODTAB, in which the two alkyl tails are connected to the ionic head group by one carbon atom. This structure imparts more freedom to the head group and thus favors formation of more stable aggregates at low concentration. In addition, the lower limit of the alkyl chain length of the double‐tailed surfactants for forming stable vesicles was illustrated.