bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐4 and IL‐13 inhibit IL‐1β and TNF‐α induced kinin B1 and B2 receptors through a STAT6‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Souza PPC , Brechter AB , Reis RI , Costa CAS , Lundberg P , Lerner UH 
Published: January 2013

Background and PurposeBone resorption induced by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) is synergistically potentiated by kinins, partially due to enhanced kinin receptor expression. Inflammation‐induced bone resorption can be impaired by IL‐4 and IL‐13. The aim was to investigate if expression of B1 and B2 kinin receptors can be affected by IL‐4 and IL‐13.Experimental ApproachWe examined effects in a human osteoblastic cell line (MG‐63), primary human gingival fibroblasts and mouse bones by IL‐4 and IL‐13 on mRNA and protein expression of the B1 and B2 kinin receptors. We also examined the role of STAT6 by RNA interference and using Stat6‐/‐ mice.Key ResultsIL‐4 and IL‐13 decreased the mRNA expression of B1 and B2 kinin receptors induced by either IL‐1β or TNF‐α in MG‐63 cells, intact mouse calvarial bones or primary human gingival fibroblasts. The burst of intracellular calcium induced by either bradykinin (B2 agonist) or des‐Arg10‐Lys‐bradykinin (B1 agonist) in gingival fibroblasts pretreated with IL‐1β was impaired by IL‐4. Similarly, the increased binding of B1 and B2 ligands induced by IL‐1β was decreased by IL‐4. In calvarial bones from Stat6‐deficient mice, and in fibroblasts in which STAT6 was knocked down by siRNA, the effect of IL‐4 was decreased.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data show, for the first time, that IL‐4 and IL‐13 decrease kinin receptors in a STAT6‐dependent mechanism, which can be one important mechanism by which these cytokines exert their anti‐inflammatory effects and impair bone resorption.
Trends in quetiapine use and non‐fatal quetiapine‐related ambulance attendances
Authors: Heilbronn Cherie , Lloyd Belinda , McElwee Paul , Eade Alan , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsConcern about the non‐medical use of quetiapine and related acute harms is growing. Case series cite quetiapine as a potential drug of misuse, while recent research questions its relative safety in comparison with other atypical antipsychotic preparations. This paper explores population‐level patterns of quetiapine‐related ambulance attendances over time, identifying associated risk factors and potential subpopulations at‐risk of acute harms.Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis of quetiapine‐, olanzapine‐ and risperidone‐related ambulance attendances in metropolitan Melbourne and prescription data in Victoria, Australia. Trends in ambulance attendance and prescription rates, attendance characteristics, and associated risk factors were explored from 2001 to 2010.ResultsQuetiapine was consistently associated with substantially higher rates of ambulance attendances relative to prescription availability than olanzapine or risperidone. Quetiapine prescribing rates increased at a significantly greater magnitude than olanzapine or risperidone, leading to substantial increases in quetiapine attendances by population. Quetiapine‐related attendances were associated with concurrent heroin and opioid replacement therapy toxicity, history of heroin and alcohol misuse, mood disorders, low Glasgow Coma Scale and women.Discussion and ConclusionsTrends in quetiapine‐related ambulance attendances indicate rising community‐level harms and greater harm relative to other atypical antipsychotics, while prescription patterns suggest increasing quetiapine availability. The association of quetiapine‐related attendances with concurrent heroin and opioid replacement therapy toxicity as well as previous heroin and alcohol misuse suggest illicit and poly‐drug users are a subpopulation at greater risk of quetiapine‐related harms, consistent with emerging evidence of the use, misuse and diversion of quetiapine. [Heilbronn C, Lloyd B, McElwee P, Eade A, Lubman DI. Trends in quetiapine use and non‐fatal quetiapine‐related ambulance attendances. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:405–411]
Tethering complexes in the endocytic pathway: CORVET and HOPS
Authors: Solinger Jachen A. , Spang Anne 
Published: January 2013

Endocytosis describes the processes by which proteins, peptides and solutes, and also pathogens, enter the cell. Endocytosed material progresses to endosomes. Genetic studies in yeast, worms, flies and mammals have identified a set of universally conserved proteins that are essential for early‐to‐late endosome transition and lysosome biogenesis, and for endolysosomal trafficking pathways, including autophagy. The two Vps‐C complexes CORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting) perform diverse biochemical functions in endocytosis: they tether membranes, interact with Rab GTPases, activate and proof‐read SNARE assembly to drive membrane fusion, and possibly attach endosomes to the cytoskeleton. In addition, several of the CORVET and HOPS subunits have diversified in metazoans, and probably form additional specialized complexes to accomodate the higher complexity of trafficking pathways in these cells. Recent studies offer new insights into the complex relationships between CORVET and HOPS complexes and other factors of the endolysosomal pathway. Interactions with V‐ATPase, the ESCRT machinery, phosphoinositides, the cytoskeleton and the Rab switch suggest an intricate cooperative network for endosome maturation. Accumulating evidence supports the view that endosomal tethering complexes implement a regulatory logic that governs endomembrane identity and dynamics.
Complex carbon cycle responses to multi‐level warming and supplemental summer rain in the high Arctic
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth D. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Steltzer Heidi , Csank Adam Z. , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Arctic has experienced rapid warming and, although there are uncertainties, increases in precipitation are projected to accompany future warming. Climate changes are expected to affect magnitudes of gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER) and the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE). Furthermore, ecosystem responses to climate change are likely to be characterized by nonlinearities, thresholds and interactions among system components and the driving variables. These complex interactions increase the difficulty of predicting responses to climate change and necessitate the use of manipulative experiments. In 2003, we established a long‐term, multi‐level and multi‐factor climate change experiment in a polar semidesert in northwest Greenland. Two levels of heating (30 and 60 W m−2) were applied and the higher level was combined with supplemental summer rain. We made plot‐level measurements of CO2 exchange, plant community composition, foliar nitrogen concentrations, leaf δ13C and NDVI to examine responses to our treatments at ecosystem‐ and leaf‐levels. We confronted simple models of GEP and ER with our data to test hypotheses regarding key drivers of CO2 exchange and to estimate growing season CO2‐C budgets. Low‐level warming increased the magnitude of the ecosystem C sink. Meanwhile, high‐level warming made the ecosystem a source of C to the atmosphere. When high‐level warming was combined with increased summer rain, the ecosystem became a C sink of magnitude similar to that observed under low‐level warming. Competition among our ER models revealed the importance of soil moisture as a driving variable, likely through its effects on microbial activity and nutrient cycling. Measurements of community composition and proxies for leaf‐level physiology suggest GEP responses largely reflect changes in leaf area of Salix arctica, rather than changes in leaf‐level physiology. Our findings indicate that the sign and magnitude of the future High Arctic C budget may depend upon changes in summer rain.
Elevated temperature prolongs long‐term effects of a pesticide on Daphnia spp. due to altered competition in zooplankton communities
Authors: Knillmann Saskia , Stampfli Nathalie C. , Noskov Yury A. , Beketov Mikhail A. , Liess Matthias 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConsiderable research efforts have been made to predict the influences of climate change on species composition in biological communities. However, little is known about how changing environmental conditions and anthropogenic pollution can affect aquatic communities in combination. We investigated the influence of short warming periods on the response of a zooplankton community to the insecticide esfenvalerate at a range of environmentally realistic concentrations (0.03, 0.3 and 3 μg L−1) in 55 outdoor pond microcosms. Warming periods increased the cumulative water temperature, but did not exceed the maximum temperature measured under ambient conditions. Under warming conditions alone the abundance of some zooplankton taxa increased selectively compared to ambient conditions. This resulted in a shift in the community composition that had not recovered by the end of the experiment, 8 weeks after the last warming period. Regarding the pesticide exposure, short‐term effects of esfenvalerate on the community structure and the sensitive taxa Daphnia spp. did not differ between the two temperature regimes. In contrast, long‐term effects of esfenvalerate on Daphnia spp., a taxon that did not benefit from elevated temperatures, were observed twice as long under warming than under ambient conditions. This resulted in long‐term effects on Daphnia spp. until 4 months after contamination at 3 μg L−1 esfenvalerate. Under both temperature regimes, we identified strength of interspecific competition as the mechanism determining the time until recovery. However, enhanced interspecific competition under warming conditions was prolonged and explained the delayed recovery of Daphnia spp. from esfenvalerate. These results show that, for realistic prediction of the combined effects of changing environmental factors and toxicants on sensitive taxa, the impacts of stressors on the biotic interactions within the community need to be considered.
Effects of late quaternary climate change on Palearctic shrews
Authors: Prost Stefan , Klietmann Johannes , van Kolfschoten Thijs , Guralnick Robert P. , Waltari Eric , Vrieling Klaas , Stiller Mathias , Nagel Doris , Rabeder Gernot , Hofreiter Michael , Sommer Robert S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Late Quaternary was a time of rapid climatic oscillations and drastic environmental changes. In general, species can respond to such changes by behavioral accommodation, distributional shifts, ecophenotypic modifications (nongenetic), evolution (genetic) or ultimately face local extinction. How those responses manifested in the past is essential for properly predicting future ones especially as the current warm phase is further intensified by rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Here, we use ancient DNA (aDNA) and morphological features in combination with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to investigate genetic and nongenetic responses of Central European Palearctic shrews to past climatic change. We show that a giant form of shrew, previously described as an extinct Pleistocene Sorex species, represents a large ecomorph of the common shrew (Sorex araneus), which was replaced by populations from a different gene‐pool and with different morphology after the Pleistocene Holocene transition. We also report the presence of the cold‐adapted tundra shrew (S. tundrensis) in Central Europe. This species is currently restricted to Siberia and was hitherto unknown as an element of the Pleistocene fauna of Europe. Finally, we show that there is no clear correlation between climatic oscillations within the last 50 000 years and body size in shrews and conclude that a special nonanalogous situation with regard to biodiversity and food supply in the Late Glacial may have caused the observed large body size.
High‐risk human papillomaviruses in two different primary tumors in the same patient
Authors: de Oliveira Mota Mânlio Tasso , Bonilha Jane Lopes , Rosa Bruno Miziara , de Arruda José Germano Ferraz , Soares Fernando Augusto , Vassallo José , Calmon Marilia Freitas , Rahal Paula 
Published: January 2013

Abstract: Two cases of patients with high‐risk human papillomavirus‐related squamous cell carcinomas of the penis are reported. In both patients, a second high‐risk human papillomavirus‐related squamous cell carcinoma, of the same type (genotype 16), was detected: a carcinoma of the oropharynx 2 years after treatment of the squamous cell carcinomas of the penis in the first patient, and a carcinoma of the esophagus 1 year after the treatment of the squamous cell carcinomas of the penis in the second patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that multiple human papillomavirus‐related tumors in the same patient are reported. It is suggested that a careful clinical investigation is necessary in patients with tumors attributable to high‐risk human papillomavirus for the early detection of a possible second neoplasm related to this virus in a different organ.
Homo Sovieticus Revisited – Anti‐Institutionalism, Alcohol and Resistance Among Polish Homeless Men in London
Authors: Garapich Michal P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article looks at the issue of the dramatic rise of street homelessness in London among Polish migrants from the perspective of social anthropology looking at the relationship between structural constraints faced by Polish migrants and their own perception of the social world, their meaning‐making practices, norms and values, behavioral patterns. As I will show, focusing just on structural and economic determinants not only offers a simplistic and one‐dimensional picture but it also fails to give an explanation and predict what happens if these constraints and exclusionary policies are removed and homeless migrants gain the same set of social rights as the rest of British and EU citizens (which in theory will happen in May 2011). An anthropological approach to the functions, roles and cultural meanings of homelessness, group bonds, masculinities, alcohol consumption, perception of the state and dominant society as voiced by homeless migrants I ’hanged around’ with, reveals that structurally rejected people with particular backgrounds reconstruct communities and form strong ties despite (or because of) a hostile, exclusionary and hegemonic social environment of the neoliberal order. Two conclusions are drawn from this analysis, empirical and theoretical: first, taking both structural and cultural factors into account, the levels of homeless among that group is going to rise, at least in London; second, the set of cultural forms of behavior and social practices described in academic literature as the homo sovieticus syndrome (Wedel 1986, Sztompka 2000, Morawska 1998) proves not only valuable and resourceful in highly individualized, neoliberal and capitalistic society but may in fact be reinforced in new conditions being a productive – socially and culturally ‐ counter‐reaction to the neoliberal order of social life in the global city.
Contemporaneous comparison of open vs minimally‐invasive radical prostatectomy for high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Pierorazio Phillip M. , Mullins Jeffrey K. , Eifler John B. , Voth Kipp , Hyams Elias S. , Han Misop , Pavlovich Christian P. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Partin Alan W. , Allaf Mohamad E. , Schaeffer Edward M. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
The ideal treatment for men with high‐risk prostate cancer is controversial, although most physicians agree that a multimodal approach, including radiation and hormone therapy with or without surgery, offers the best chance of cancer control. Minimally‐invasive radical prostatectomy has emerged as a treatment option for clinically localized cancer; however, critics argue that the open approach may afford advantages of tactile feedback and a better lymph node dissection.
The present study demonstrates that open and minimally‐invasive radical prostatectomy offer equivalent short‐term outcomes for men with high‐risk prostate cancer at a highly experienced centre.
Objectives
To analyze pathological and short‐term oncological outcomes in men undergoing open and minimally‐invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) for high‐risk prostate cancer (HRPC; prostate‐specific antigen level [PSA] >20 ng/mL, ≥ cT2c, Gleason score 8–10) in a contemporaneous series.
Patients and Methods
In total, 913 patients with HRPC were identified in the Johns Hopkins Radical Prostatectomy Database subsequent to the inception of MIRP at this institution (2002–2011)
Of these, 743 (81.4%) underwent open radical retropubic prostatectomy (ORRP), 105 (11.5%) underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) and 65 (7.1%) underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) for HRPC.
Appropriate comparative tests were used to evaluate patient and prostate cancer characteristics.
Proportional hazards regression models were used to predict biochemical recurrence.
Results
Age, race, body mass index, preoperative PSA level, clinical stage, number of positive cores and Gleason score at final pathology were similar between ORRP and MIRP.
On average, men undergoing MIRP had smaller prostates and more organ‐confined (pT2) disease (P = 0.02).
The number of surgeons and surgeon experience were greatest for the ORRP cohort.
Overall surgical margin rate was 29.4%, 34.3% and 27.7% (P = 0.52) and 1.9%, 2.9% and 6.2% (P = 0.39) for pT2 disease in men undergoing ORRP, RALRP and LRP, respectively.
Biochemical recurrence‐free survival among ORRP, RALRP and LRP was 56.3%, 67.8% and 41.1%, respectively, at 3 years (P = 0.6) and the approach employed did not predict biochemical recurrence in regression models.
Conclusions
At an experienced centre, MIRP is comparable to open radical prostatectomy for HRPC with respect to surgical margin status and biochemical recurrence.
Temperament and typology
Authors: Blandin Kesstan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper takes a cue from Harvard neuroscientists Jerome Kagan and Nancy Snidman's (2004) comment that Jung's work on typology has remarkable relevance to their research on neurobiological correlates of temperament and develops the links between the theorists separated by almost a century. The paper begins with a brief review of temperament traits in personality psychology. Kagan and Snidman's 11‐year longitudinal study is then analysed and correlated with Jung's psychological attitude types of introversion and extraversion, demonstrating that Jung's close empirical observations of human nature fit explicitly with objective measurements of neurobiological sensitivity thresholds and their expression in temperament. Emerging research on neurobiologically sensitive adults and children from Aron (1997, 2004, 2011) and differential susceptibility theory (DST) is presented as extrapolating the same links between temperament and physiological sensitivity found in Jung's introversion and Kagan and Snidman's high‐reactive type. The paper concludes with a consideration of the subjective psyche as a necessary aspect to understanding the self and human consciousness as whole.
Effects of compressive abdominal bandaging and transrectal palpation on intra‐abdominal pressures in horses
Authors: Barrett Elizabeth J. , Munsterman Amelia S. , Hanson R. Reid 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of an abdominal support wrap and transrectal abdominal palpation on intra‐abdominal pressures (IAPs) measured directly from the peritoneal space.DesignProspective, experimental study.SettingA university‐based equine research facility.AnimalsTen healthy adult horses, 5 males and 5 females.InterventionsIAPs were measured through an intraperitoneal cannula zeroed at a height midway between the height of the tuber ishii and point of the shoulder. Triplicate measurements were obtained at rest, during transrectal palpation, after placement of an abdominal support wrap, and during transrectal palpation with the support wrap still in place. Simultaneous mean arterial pressures were obtained using a tail cuff and abdominal perfusion pressures were calculated using the measured IAP minus the measured mean arterial pressures.Measurements and Main ResultsBaseline direct pressure measurements were subatmospheric (−4.5 ± 3.0 cm H2O). IAPs were not significantly affected by transrectal palpation, but were significantly increased after placement of an abdominal support wrap (−1.19 ± 3.01 cm H2O; P = 0.01). Abdominal perfusion pressures were not significantly affected by either transrectal palpation or application of the support wrap.ConclusionIAPs were significantly increased after application of an abdominal support wrap commonly used after exploratory laparotomy. Further investigations are warranted to determine the clinical implications of abdominal bandaging on IAP and its implications on postoperative complications including intra‐abdominal hypertension. However, transrectal abdominal palpation likely does not contribute to abdominal hypertension in normal horses.
Ethnic Differences in Atrial Fibrillation Identified Using Implanted Cardiac Devices
Authors: LAU CHU‐PAK , GBADEBO T. DAVID , CONNOLLY STUART J. , VAN GELDER ISABELLE C. , CAPUCCI ALESSANDRO , GOLD MICHAEL R. , ISRAEL CARSTEN W. , MORILLO CARLOS A. , SIU CHUNG‐WAH , ABE HARUHIKO , CARLSON MARK , TSE HUNG‐FAT , HOHNLOSER STEFAN H. , Healey Jeff S. ,   for the ASSERT investigators
Published: January 2013

Ethnic Difference in Atrial Fibrillation Incidence. Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is suggested to be less common among black and Asian individuals, which could reflect bias in symptom reporting and access to care. In the Asymptomatic AF and Stroke Evaluation in Pacemaker Patients and the AF Reduction Atrial Pacing Trial (ASSERT), patients with hypertension but no history of AF had AF recorded via an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, thus allowing both symptomatic and asymptomatic AF incidence to be determined without ascertainment bias.Methods and Results: The ASSERT enrolled 2,580 patients in 23 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia. AF was defined as device‐recorded AF episodes >190/min, lasting either for >6 minutes or >6 hours in duration. All ethnic groups with >50 patients were enrolled. Ethnic groups studied include Europeans (n = 1900), black Africans (n = 73), Chinese (n = 89), and Japanese (n = 105) patients. Compared to Europeans, black Africans had more risk factors for AF such as heart failure (27.8 vs 14.6%) and diabetes (41.7 vs 26.3%). At 2.5 years follow‐up, all 3 non‐European races had a lower incidence of AF (8.3%, 10.1%, and 9.5% vs 18.0%, respectively, for AF>6 minutes, P < 0.006). When adjusted for baseline difference, Chinese had a lower incidence of AF > 6 minutes (P < 0.007), and Japanese and black Africans had a lower incidence of AF > 6 hours (P < 0.04 and P = 0.057, respectively).Conclusions: Black Africans, Chinese, and Japanese had lower incidence of AF compared to Europeans. In the case of black Africans, this is despite an increased prevalence of AF risk factors. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 24, pp. 381‐387, April 2013)