bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Local Flow Conditions in River Biofilm Colonization and Early Growth
Authors: Coundoul F. , Bonometti T. , Graba M. , Sauvage S. , Sanchez Pérez J.‐M. , Moulin F. Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of a turbulent boundary layer flow over a bed of hemispheres of height h are performed using an immersed boundary method for comparison with river biofilm growth experiments performed in a hydraulic flume. Flow statistics above the substrates are shown to be in agreement with measurements performed by laser Doppler velocimetry and particle image velocimetry in the experiments. Numerical simulations give access to flow components inside the roughness sublayer, and biofilm colonization patterns found in the experiments are shown to be associated with low shear stress regions on the hemisphere surface. Two bed configurations, namely staggered and aligned configurations, lead to different colonization patterns because of differences in the local flow topology. Dependence with the Reynolds number of the biofilm distribution and accrual 7 days after inoculum is shown to be associated to local flow topology change and shear stress intensity. In particular, the shear stress τ on the surface of the hemispheres is found to scale as , where Ret = u*h/ν, with u* as the log law friction velocity and ν as the fluid kinematic viscosity. This scaling is due to the development of boundary layers along the hemisphere surface. Associated with a critical shear stress for colonization and early growth, it explains the increasing delay in biomass accrual for increasing flow velocities in the experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the shear bond strength of resin cement to Y‐TZP ceramic after different surface treatments
Authors: Shin Yoo‐Jin , Shin Yooseok , Yi Young‐Ah , Kim Jaehoon , Lee In‐Bog , Cho Byeong‐Hoon , Son Ho‐Hyun , Seo Deog‐Gyu 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength of Y‐TZP (Yttria‐Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal) ceramics with zirconia primer and two different resin cements both containing 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP). Zirconia blocks (LAVA, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN) were polished and assigned to five groups according to the surface treatment: (1) no further treatment (control); (2) airborne abrasion with Al2O3 particles; (3) Z‐PRIME Plus (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL) applied on polished zirconia; (4) Z‐PRIME Plus applied on zirconia after airborne abrasion; and (5) tribochemical silica‐coating performed with the CoJet system (3M ESPE) followed by application of ESPE®‐Sil (3M ESPE). Each group was further divided into one of two resin cements: Panavia F2.0 (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan) and Clearfil SA Luting (Kuraray). Resin cement placed inside a gel‐cap was polymerized on the zirconia surface. Shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. One‐way analysis of variance and paired t‐test were done. (p < 0.05), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken. Zirconia primer applied after airborne abrasion significantly increased the shear bond strength resulting in the highest value for both resin cements. Control groups for both cements showed the weakest value for shear bond strength. No significant differences were found between the shear bond strengths of the individual resin cements applied to zirconia surfaces treated the same way. In conclusion, the combined surface treatment of airborne abrasion followed by a zirconia primer is recommended for zirconia bonding with Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA Luting cements. SCANNING 36:479–486, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The androgen receptor and clinical challenges
Authors: Payne Heather A. , Sedelaar Michiel , Jones Rob 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis report is based on a seminar held during the 10th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group in London, 13‐14 September 2013. The seminar focused on all aspects of the role of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer, from an overview of the molecular mechanisms and underlying pathways to the development of therapeutic agents designed to inhibit the androgen receptor. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons
Re‐Envisioning Instruction
Authors: Robertson Dana A. , Dougherty Susan , Ford‐Connors Evelyn , Paratore Jeanne R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe adoption of the Common Core State Standards has raised the achievement ante for students, and the instructional ante for teachers, too. Across disciplines, all students, even those reading below grade level, are now expected to read grade level texts and to access texts of increasing complexity. Such access requires an instructional approach that incorporates the types of support that can make it possible for struggling readers to achieve theCCSS. Research shows that effective instruction for struggling readers must not only meet readers where they are, but also integrate three key elements: motivation and engagement, intensity of instruction, and cognitive challenge. This article examines why a reconceptualization of instruction incorporating these key elements is crucial for accelerating the learning of students who struggle, and then describes an upper‐elementary learning context that illustrates how the three elements can be woven into instructional planning.
Supporting Young Children's Vocabulary Growth Using F.R.I.E.N.D.S. Model
Authors: Dashiell Julie , DeBruin‐Parecki Andrea 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith the constant barrage of media regarding the 35 million word gap, it is more important than ever to devise strategies for accelerating and sustaining young children's vocabulary development. The F.R.I.E.N.D.S. Vocabulary Model is a daily approach for early childhood educators to use as a means to increase vocabulary knowledge with the intended result being a narrowing of the vocabulary gap for at‐risk students. The F.R.I.E.N.D.S. vocabulary model consists of seven components: (1) Fostering quality teacher and child conversations, (2) Rigorous and robust instruction, (3) Interactive storybook reading, (4) Engaging students in motivational vocabulary activities, (5) Numerous opportunities to practice new vocabulary, (6) Direct and explicit instruction, and (7) Sophisticated and rare words. The model is based on research, theory and classroom experience.
Conversion of Natural Jordanian Kaolin into Zeolite A without Thermal Pre‐activation
Authors: Gougazeh Mousa , Buhl Josef‐Christian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA method for converting natural Jordanian kaolin without thermal pre‐activation into a synthetic zeolitic molecular sieve, known as zeolite A, is presented. All previous efforts to convert the kaolin into zeolite A have involved the use of high temperature or expensive minerals or organic acids. Natural Jordanian kaolin and citric acid were used under these conditions for the first time and reaction parameters were optimized. In this approach, an optimized low temperature zeolite synthesis process is performed for production of zeolite A of suitable quality at interesting commercial conditions. The process comprises direct alkaline conversion of natural kaolin into hydroxysodalite, subsequent to dissolving the hydroxysodalite in a dilute acid, prior to crystallization of zeolite by adding alkali hydroxide. After sodalite formation, aqueous base is added to the whole slurry until the pH exceeds 12 and a zeolite precursor gel is formed. The resulting precursor gel is aged for 4 h at a temperature of 100 °C to form a zeolite of type A. Zeolite made in accordance with the presented approach may be used as chemicals, molecular sieves, and catalyst. The obtained products were characterized with powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that zeolite A is formed together with residual amorphous silica resulting from the quartz fraction in the kaolin. The morphology of the obtained zeolite A could be seen as well crystallized with cube shape.
Linking Genetic Counseling Content to Short‐Term Outcomes in Individuals at Elevated Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Kelly Kimberly M. , Ellington Lee , Schoenberg Nancy , Agarwal Parul , Jackson Thomas , Dickinson Stephanie , Abraham Jame , Paskett Electra D. , Leventhal Howard , Andrykowski Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFew studies have linked actual genetic counseling content to short‐term outcomes. Using the Self‐regulation Model, the impact of cognitive and affective content in genetic counseling on short‐term outcomes was studied in individuals at elevated risk of familial breast‐ovarian cancer. Surveys assessed dependent variables: distress, perceived risk, and 6 knowledge measures (Meaning of Positive Test; Meaning of Negative Test; Personal Behavior; Practitioner Knowledge; Mechanisms of Cancer Inheritance; Frequency of Inherited Cancer) measured at pre‐ and post‐counseling. Proportion of participant cognitive and affective and counselor cognitive and affective content during sessions (using LIWC software) were predictors in regressions. Knowledge increased for 5 measures and decreased for Personal Behavior, Distress and Perceived Risk. Controlling for age and education, results were significant/marginally significant for three measures. More counselor content was associated with decreases in knowledge of Personal Behavior. More participant and less counselor affective content was associated with gains in Practitioner Knowledge. More counselor cognitive, and interaction of counselor cognitive and affective content, were associated with higher perceived risk. Genetic counselors dominate the content of counseling sessions. Therefore, their content is tied more closely to short term outcomes than participant content. A lack of patient communication in sessions may pose problems for understanding of complex concepts.
Molluscan Fauna from the Miocene Sediments of Kachchh, Gujarat, India – Part 4, Indarca, a New Anadaroid Genus
Authors: Borkar V. D. , Kulkarni Kantimati G. , Bhattacharjee-Kapoor S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
An interesting bivalve fossil obtained from the Claystone Member of the Chhasra Formation (Burdigalian), Kachchh District, India was found conspecific with Anadara gourae Dey (Arcidae, Anadarinae) from the Quilon Beds (Burdigalian), Kerala. However, this form is feebly inequivalve and has dissimilar ornamentation on the two valves, a trapezoidal form and its maximum height is at the posterior. Also, there is a small but distinct median sulcus on the exterior of the umbonal region. These characteristics do not agree with definition of the genus Anadara. Hence it is described here under a new genus, Indarca. Subgenus Cunearca Dall of genus Scapharca Gray (Arcidae, Anadarinae), also shows dissimilar ornamentation on the two valves, but differs from Indarca in having an inflated form, left valve slightly larger and absence of a sulcus on the umbonal region. Indarca resembles Bentharca Verrill and Bush (Arcidae, Anadarinae) in certain respects, but differs from it in not having a markedly reduced anterior. Occurrence of Indarca gourae strengthens the faunal affinity between the Chhasra Formation of Kachchh and the Quilon Beds of Kerala.
Hydrocarbon Generation Potentials of the Awgu Shale, Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Anyiam Okwudiri Aloysius , Onuoha Kalu Mosto , Jolly Byami Andrew 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This study assessed the hydrocarbon generation potentials/timing of the Awgu source rock horizons encountered in Igbariam-1, Iji-1 and Ajire-1 wells drilled in the southern Benue Trough; using one-dimensional (1D) Genesis Zetaware basin modelling software. This software enabled the integration of burial and thermal influences on Awgu source rocks with kinetic parameters. Thermal and burial history models indicate that the Awgu source horizons encountered at 3249m in Igbariam-1 well (northern part of the basin), expelled 85mg/gtoc of oil and 12 mg/gtoc of gas and hydrocarbon generation began in early Eocene with maximum expulsion in the mid-Eocene (52my) at the rate of 7mg/gtoc/my. To the south of the basin, the Awgu source horizons were encountered at greater depths in Iji-1 and Ajire-1 wells and hydrocarbon generation began in the mid-Palaeocene and peaked in the late Palaeocene (58my) at the rate of 32-38mg/gtoc/my. This resulted in an increase in generated hydrocarbon volume to the south due to (a) increased burial depth and early maturation, and (b) changing source lithofacies -more marine. The fault system linking potential reservoirs such as the Agbani sandstone and the overlying Owelli sandstone to the source rock suggests a possible migration of the generated hydrocarbons to those reservoirs at that time.
Under the surface of adolescent psychopathic traits: High‐anxious and low‐anxious subgroups in a community sample of youths
Authors: Salihovic Selma , Kerr Margaret , Stattin Håkan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined subgroups of adolescents based on their levels of psychopathic traits and anxiety. Participants were 914 youths from a community sample, with a mean age of 14.28 (SD = .94) years. We used adolescents' self‐reports of psychopathic traits and their parents' reports of the adolescent's anxiety to identify distinct subgroups of youths. Using latent class analysis, we identified five groups that varied in levels of psychopathic traits and anxiety. Two groups were characterized by high levels of psychopathic traits and high or low scores on anxiety. Validation of these subgroups revealed that they differed significantly from each other in theoretically meaningful ways—the low‐anxious subgroup reported higher levels of psychopathic traits, lower levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, and lower levels of aggression than the high‐anxious group. These findings are in line with previous empirical research and provide support that anxiety discriminates between two subgroups of adolescents with psychopathic traits.
Contraception following abortion and the treatment of incomplete abortion
Authors: Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Kopp Kallner Helena , Faúndes Anibal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFamily planning counseling and the provision of postabortion contraception should be an integrated part of abortion and postabortion care to help women avoid another unplanned pregnancy and a repeat abortion. Postabortion contraception is significantly more effective in preventing repeat unintended pregnancy and abortion when it is provided before women leave the healthcare facility where they received abortion care, and when the chosen method is a long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method. This article provides evidence supporting these two critical aspects of postabortion contraception. It suggests that gynecologists and obstetricians have an ethical obligation to do everything necessary to ensure that postabortion contraception, with a focus on LARC methods, becomes an integral part of abortion and postabortion care, in line with the recommendations of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and of several other organizations.
A computational approach to Quaternary lake-level reconstruction applied in the central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Pribyl Paul , Shuman Bryan N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSediment-based reconstructions of late-Quaternary lake levels provide direct evidence of hydrologic responses to climate change, but many studies only provide approximate lake-elevation curves. Here, we demonstrate a new method for producing quantitative time series of lake elevation based on the facies and elevations of multiple cores collected from a lake's margin. The approach determines the facies represented in each core using diagnostic data, such as sand content, and then compares the results across cores to determine the elevation of the littoral zone over time. By applying the approach computationally, decisions are made systematically and iteratively using different facies classification schemes to evaluate the associated uncertainty. After evaluating our assumptions using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), we quantify past lake-elevation changes, precipitation minus evapotranspiration (ΔP−ET), and uncertainty in both at Lake of the Woods and Little Windy Hill Pond, Wyoming. The well-correlated (r = 0.802 ± 0.002) reconstructions indicate that water levels at both lakes fell at >11,300, 8000–5500, and 4700–1600 cal yr BP when ΔP − ET decreased to −50 to −250 mm/yr. Differences between the reconstructions are typically small (10 ± 24 mm/yr since 7000 cal yr BP), and the similarity indicates that our reconstruction method can produce statistically comparable paleohydrologic datasets across networks of sites.
SENSITIVITY AND CLOSURE
Authors: McBride Mark 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJohn Hawthorne has two forceful arguments in favour of:Single-Premise Closure(SPC) Necessarily, if S knowsp, competently deducesqfromp, and thereby comes to believeq, while retaining knowledge ofpthroughout, then S knowsq.Each of Hawthorne's arguments rests on an intuitively appealing principle which Hawthorne calls theEquivalence Principle. I show, however, that the opponents of SPC with whom he's engaging - namely Fred Dretske and Robert Nozick - have independent reason to reject this principle, and resultantly conclude that Hawthorne's arguments in favour of SPC are not knock-down.
Interpreting Documentary Sources on the Early History of the Congo Free State: The Case of Ngongo Luteta’s Rise and Fall
Authors: Gordon David M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper considers an under-used and under-discussed archive of unpublished documentary sources that concern the rise and fall of an eastern Congolese warlord, Ngongo Luteta, during the late nineteenth century. It argues that Africanist historians not only need to pay greater attention to unpublished documentary sources – the weight of methodological discussion usually orients around oral sources – but also to treat them with the same interpretive rigor as oral sources. The argument is demonstrated by discussing the existing studies of Ngongo Luteta, which tend to focus on oral fieldwork even while they often employ documentary sources, and, then, pointing to some interpretive strategies for unpublished documentary sources that suggests a more complicated history of the interactions between Ngongo Luteta and the emergent Congo Free State.
Adverse childhood experiences influence white matter microstructure in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Benedetti F. , Bollettini I. , Radaelli D. , Poletti S. , Locatelli C. , Falini A. , Smeraldi E. , Colombo C. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which worsen the lifetime course of illness, and with signs of widespread disruption of white matter (WM) integrity in adult life. ACE are associated with changes in WM microstructure in healthy humans.MethodWe tested the effects of ACE on diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM integrity in 80 in-patients affected by a major depressive episode in the course of BD. We used whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics in the WM skeleton with threshold-free cluster enhancement of DTI measures of WM microstructure: axial, radial and mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy.ResultsACE hastened the onset of illness. We observed an inverse correlation between the severity of ACE and DTI measures of axial diffusivity in several WM fibre tracts contributing to the functional integrity of the brain and including the corona radiata, thalamic radiations, corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus.ConclusionsAxial diffusivity reflects the integrity of axons and myelin sheaths, and correlates with functional connectivity and with higher-order abilities such as reasoning and experience of emotions. In patients with BD axial diffusivity is increased by lithium treatment. ACE might contribute to BD pathophysiology by hampering structural connectivity in critical cortico-limbic networks.
Language ideologies in the shared signing community of Adamorobe
Authors: Kusters Annelies 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes language ideologies with regard to sign language in Adamorobe, a “shared signing community” in southern Ghana. Adamorobe Sign Language (AdaSL) is a “shared sign language,” used by all deaf people and a large number of hearing Akan-speaking people. Deaf schoolchildren from Adamorobe attend a school where Ghanaian Sign Language (GSL) is taught. Hearing interviewees have experiential knowledge that everything can be said in AdaSL, emphasise the shared roots of AdaSL and Akan, and called AdaSL “natural.” Deaf interlocutors describe Akan, AdaSL, and GSL as three distinct but equivalent languages. AdaSL is said to be a “hard” language, more pleasant to use, and more expressive than GSL, but sign bilingualism is highly valued. These findings are compared and contrasted with accounts on language ideologies with regard to other shared sign languages and larger urban/national sign languages. (Language ideologies, language practices, Ghana, Ghanaian Sign Language, Adamorobe Sign Language, Akan, shared sign languages, shared signing communities, village sign languages)*
The Partnership between the Chinese Government and Hong Kong's Capitalist Class: Implications for HKSAR Governance, 1997–2012
Authors: Fong Brian C.H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExisting literature has long recognized that a partnership has been forged between the PRC government and Hong Kong's capitalist class. However, the implications of such a partnership for HKSAR governance have yet to be thoroughly explored. By examining the formation of this partnership and its consolidation after 1997, this article argues that the business sector's direct access to the sovereign state has fundamentally changed the dynamics of state–business relations in the HKSAR. As a consequence of the partnership between Beijing and the business sector, business elites have taken their concerns straight to the mainland authorities whenever they see their interests affected by the post-colonial state. This kind of circumvention has become a part of post-1997 politics, undermining the relative autonomy of the post-colonial state and resulting in growing cleavages within the state–business alliance during the first 15 years of the HKSAR. Whether and how such a partnership will evolve in the aftermath of the 2012 chief executive election remains to be seen.
Design of 5 GHz low-power CMOS LC VCO based on complementary cross-coupled topology with modified tail current-shaping technique
Authors: Hsu Meng-Ting , Chen Po-Hung , Lee Yao-Yen 
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a low-power CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with body-biasing and low-phase noise with Q-enhancement techniques is presented. A self-body biased circuit is introduced that can reduce power consumption. Some derivations of the Q-enhancement and how to improve the phase noise of the circuit are also discussed. This chip is implemented by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacture Company 0.18 µm 1P6M process. The measurement results exhibit a tuning range of 14.7% from 4.92 to 5.7 GHz at a supply voltage of 1.4 V. The power consumption of the core circuit and figure of merit are 2.5 mW and −188.6 dBc/Hz. The phase noise is −118 dBc/Hz@1 MHz at an operation frequency of 4.94 GHz.