bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effectiveness of Di'ao Xin Xue Kang Capsule and Compound Danshen Tablet in Patients With Symptomatic Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: Yu Yanan , Hu Siyuan , Li Guoxin , Xue Jie , Li Zhuoming , Liu Xiangling , Yang Xiyan , Dong Bo , Wang Donghai , Wang Xiaofeng , Liu Shurong , Liu Jun , Chen Bingwei , Wang Liying , Liu Songshan , Chen Qiguang , Shen Chunti , Wang Zhong , Wang Yongyan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA high proportion of patients with stable angina remains symptomatic despite multiple treatment options. Di'ao Xinxuekang (XXK) capsule and Compound Danshen (CDS) tablet have been approved for treating angina pectoris for more than 20 years in China. We compare the anti-anginal effectiveness of XXK capsule and CDS tablet in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina. A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial was conducted in 4 study sites. 733 patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina were included in the full analysis set. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients who were angina-free and the proportion of patients with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings during 20 weeks treatment. Compared with CDS, XXK significantly increased the proportion of angina-free patients, but no significant difference was noted in the proportion of patients with normal ECG recordings. Weekly angina frequency and nitroglycerin use were significantly reduced with XXK versus CDS at week 20. Moreover, XXK also improved the quality of life of angina patients as measured by the SAQ score and Xueyu Zheng (a type of TCM syndrome) score. We demonstrate that XXK capsule is more effective for attenuating anginal symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with symptomatic chronic stable angina, compared with CDS tablet.
Endometrial cells sense and react to tissue damage during infection of the bovine endometrium via interleukin 1
Authors: Healy Laura L. , Cronin James G. , Sheldon I. Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCells generate inflammatory responses to bacteria when pattern recognition receptors bind pathogen-associated molecules such as lipopolysaccharide. Cells may also respond to tissue damage by sensing damage-associated molecules. Postpartum bacterial infections of the bovine uterus cause endometritis but the risk of disease is increased by tissue trauma triggered by dystocia. Animals that suffered dystocia had increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-1β and IL-1α in vaginal mucus 3 weeks postpartum, but they also had more bacteria than normal animals. Ex vivo organ cultures of endometrium, endometrial cells and peripheral blood monocytes did not generate inflammatory responses to prototypical damage molecules, HMGB1 or hyaluronan, or to necrotic cells; although they secreted IL-6 and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner when treated with IL-1α. However, necrotic endometrial cells did not accumulate intracellular IL-1α or release IL-1α, except when pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide or bacteria. Endometrial cell inflammatory responses to IL-1α were dependent on the cognate receptor IL-1R1 and the receptor adaptor protein MyD88 and the inflammatory response to IL-1α was independent of the response to lipopolysaccharide. Rather than a typical damage-associated molecule, IL-1α acts to scale the inflammatory response in recognition that there is a combination of pathogen challenge followed by endometrial cell damage.
Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine
Authors:   Royal Society of Chemistry
Published: November 2014

The unique physico-chemical properties of cationic polymers and their ability to be easily modified make them attractive for many biological applications. As a result there is a vast amount of research focussed on designing novel natural or synthetic cationic polymers with specific biological functionality.
Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine brings together the expertise of leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in cationic polymer synthesis, modification and the design of biomaterials with different structures for therapeutic applications. Chapters cover recent developments in novel cationic polymer based systems including poly(L-lysine), Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and cationic triazine dendrimers as well as cationic polymer-coated micro- and nanoparticles and cationic cellulose and chitin nanocrystals. Applications discussed in the book include drug and gene delivery, therapeutics in thrombosis and inflammation as well as gene therapy.
Suitable both for an educational perspective for those new to the field and those already active in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduates and researchers. The broad aspects of the topics covered are suitable for polymer chemists interested in the fundamentals of the materials systems as well as pharmaceutical chemists, bioengineering and medical professionals interested in their applications.
1. Multilingualism and legal integration in Europe
Authors: Derlén Mattias 
Published: November 2014

The multilingual character of European Union law presents a number of legal challenges. This chapter examines one of these challenges, the relationship between multilingualism and legal integration in Europe. It disputes the one-dimensional view of multilingualism as solely an obstacle to legal integration and proposes a wider definition of the dynamics of integration – focusing not only on the horizontal dimension but also on the vertical dimension. The horizontal dimension concerns traditional integration, uniformity of application of Union law, from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective. The vertical dimension concerns the effectiveness of Union law, often emphasised by the Court of Justice. The chapter examines two varieties of multilingual interpretation adopted by the Court of Justice and national courts, and their relationship to legal integration. It concludes that multilingualism can be a challenge as well as an opportunity from an integration perspective.
6. The translation of legal texts as culturemes
Authors: Kocbek Alenka 
Published: November 2014

To fully envisage the overall culture-boundness of legal texts, a targeted translation procedure has to combine insights resulting from work in several disciplines, such as translation studies, sociocognitive and cultural approaches to terminology studies, comparative law and legal linguistics. We suggest viewing legal texts as culturemes, i.e. patterns of communicative behaviour involving both the extra-textual aspect (the legal system/culture underlying the text) and the textual aspects (the textual macro- and microstructure). Within the cultureme model, legal terminology, i.e. concepts and categories specific to a particular legal system, is considered the key textual aspect which functions as a signpost – by marking the text type and the relevant area of law in which it occurs and by contributing to identifying the legal system and the wider legal culture underlying the text. The cultureme model is also applied in producing the target text in which features of the source and target culturemes are combined to best comply with the skopos.
Coronal behavior before the large flare onset
Authors: Imada Shinsuke , Bamba Yumi , Kusano Kanya 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Flares are a major explosive event in our solar system. They are often followed by a coronal mass ejection that has the potential to trigger geomagnetic storms. There are various studies aiming to predict when and where the flares are likely to occur. Most of these studies mainly discuss the photospheric and chromospheric activity before the flare onset. In this paper we study the coronal features before the famous large flare occurrence on 2006 December 13. Using the data from Hinode/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS), X-Ray Telescope (XRT), and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), we discuss the coronal features in the large scale (a few 100″) before the flare onset. Our findings are as follows. (1) The upflows in and around the active region start growing from ∼ 10 to 30 km s−1 a day before the flare. (2) The expanding coronal loops are clearly observed a few hours before the flare. (3) Soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet intensity are gradually reduced. (4) The upflows are further enhanced after the flare. From these observed signatures, we conclude that the outer part of active region loops with low density was expanding a day before the flare onset, and the inner part with high density was expanding a few hours before the onset.
PRUDENCE, MORALITY, AND THE HUMEAN THEORY OF REASONS
Authors: Lin Eden 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHumeans about normative reasons claim that there is a reason for you to perform a given action if and only if this would promote the satisfaction of one of your desires. Their view has traditionally been thought to have the revisionary implication that an agent can sometimes lack any reason to do what morality or prudence requires. Recently, however, Mark Schroeder has denied this. If he is right, then the Humean theory accords better with common sense than it has been thought to. I argue that Schroeder is mistaken, even if welfare (and thus prudence) is understood in terms of the satisfaction of one's desires: any Humean must concede that one can sometimes lack any reason to act morally or prudently. I also identify a novel variant on Humeanism that could perhaps avoid its revisionary implications about prudence (but not morality) if desire satisfactionism is the correct theory of welfare.
Consumer perceptions of own brands: international differences
Authors: Anchor John R. , Kour˘ilová Terezie 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how relatively little is known about the consumer perceptions of own brands in the newly emerging markets of central and eastern Europe. The paper attempts to fill a gap in knowledge by investigating various aspects of consumer perceptions of Tesco own brands in the Czech Republic.Design/methodology/approachThe key data for this research were collected by structured questionnaires from Tesco supermarket customers in the Czech Republic and the UK. Non‐probability quota sampling was used and the sample was stratified according to gender, age and income.FindingsThe results of the research indicate that the general view of Tesco own brands is slightly less positive among Czech than among British customers. However, significant differences emerge when these are examined in terms of income. Increases in income lead to a decrease in the favourability with which own brands are viewed in the Czech Republic – the opposite to the position in the UK. The age of consumers was also found to be significant, although there is no linear trend. No strong correlation was found to exist between gender and any of the characteristics under investigation.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was limited in size (n=100 in each country). In‐depth interviewing would be necessary to assess consumer attitudes further.Practical implicationsThe results of the research may help Tesco in relation to its general expansion in central and eastern Europe and its brand building in particular.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper relates to its study of consumer behaviour in one of the emerging markets of central and eastern Europe.
An inquiry into the strategic‐operational role of performance management in local government
Authors: McAdam Rodney , Walker Tim , Hazlett Shirley‐Ann 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the links and relationships between strategy and operations in local government improvement efforts under the umbrella of the Local Government Modernisation Agenda (LGMA) in England. More specifically, it explores the implementation of structured change methods and performance measurement and management initiatives that claim to have a linked strategic and operational focus through to stakeholder impact.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts an interpretive multiple case approach (n=5), using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and focus groups, as well as substantive archive information.FindingsThe structured integration of strategic level policy‐setting and its associated operational level activity in local authorities is often obscure and lacking in cohesiveness. Performance measurement and management at the strategic level is, for the most part, driven by emerging legislation and the need for compliance rather than improving service effectiveness. This has led to discontinuity, delays in implementing policy, and criticism of performance measures from service delivery staff.Practical implicationsThere is a need for improved integration across the strategic‐operational divide, which requires improved understanding and translation approaches. Methods adopted from other sectors should be assessed critically and tailored to suit this need rather than adopting an off‐the‐shelf provision.Originality/valueThere is a paucity of in‐depth studies relating to performance measurement and management across the strategic‐operational span in the public sector in general, and local government in particular. Increased understanding in this area is of critical importance in relation to implementing effectively the current and future modernisation and reform initiatives.
A comparative assessment of domestic and international supplier‐customer relationship perceptions
Authors: Rinehart Lloyd M. , Lee Tzong‐Ru , Page Thomas J. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare aggregate differences in perceptions of supplier‐customer relationship structures of managers in the USA and Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies used a survey method to assess graduate student perceptions of supplier‐customer relationships. Those graduate students had been responsible for managing business exchange relationships in their previous positions. The surveys were administered at different times in executive MBA classes at a major US university and a major Taiwanese university. An analysis was conducted to understand similarities and differences in relationship perceptions between US managers and Taiwanese managers.FindingsDifferences exist between US and Taiwanese managers' perceptions of their supplier‐customer relationships. This indicates that US managers and Taiwanese managers differentiate among such relationships. However, the application of those differences may be unique to the nature of the business environments in the USA and Taiwan.Practical implicationsManagers should be careful when negotiating between US and Taiwanese firms to insure that they do not make decisions about how they anticipate the other party will view the supplier/customer relationship based on generic cultural assumptions. In addition, Taiwanese managers may be better able to classify their relationships into common groups than US managers, indicating that US managers may be less likely to try to segment their suppliers or customers into different groups for development of interaction and negotiation strategies. In addition, this research demonstrates a critical need for future comparative studies to assess relationship perceptions from other parts of the globe. The lack of similarities between the responses of the US and Taiwanese managers indicates potential differences in supplier/customer relationship perceptions around the world. This becomes critical for improved understanding of how interactions and negotiations (as well as the development of operating strategies by firms) should occur in global exchange.Originality/valueThis research offers initial insight into the importance of understanding relationship perception differences based on global business operations. As the world becomes “flatter,” managers from around the globe will need to understand how those perceptions differ for development of effective negotiating strategies between suppliers and customers.
Adult safeguarding: early messages from peer reviews
Authors: Humphries Richard 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis report aims to summarise the principal conclusions from the pilot reviews and key learning points to assist the improvement of safeguarding policy and practice.Design/methodology/approachA pilot programme of peer reviews of adult safeguarding arrangements was carried out in four English local authorities by Local Government Improvement and Development in 2009‐2010. The pilot programme sought to customise, test and adapt this established peer review methodology to adult safeguarding.FindingsKey messages from the peer reviews of the adult safeguarding arrangements include: outcomes and experience of people who use services; leadership, strategy and commissioning; service delivery, effective practice and performance and resource management; and working together.Originality/valueCouncils may need to revisit how they develop their safeguarding arrangements in the light of major policy, financial and demographic shifts over the next few years.
The life and times of the boundary spanner
Authors: Williams Paul 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore, in some depth, the role and nature of boundary spanners – a dedicated cadre of people who operate within collaborative arenas; to identify the particular skills and competencies that they exhibit; and to reflect on the tensions and ambiguities that they face in their everyday work.Design/methodology/approachThe author presents an analysis of the recent history of UK health and social care in relation to the role “boundary spanners” – a valuable and distinctive class of “actor”, operating within intra‐ and inter‐sectoral collaborative environments, including partnerships, alliances, networks, consortia and forms of integration.FindingsBoundary spanners have a distinct role to play in managing the highly interdependent and collaborative arenas that are designed to manage health and social care, and they undertake this by deploying a range of competencies, supported by relevant knowledge, experience and personal attributes. The valuable role that boundary spanners play must be reflected in appropriate investment in their training and development.Originality/valueReflections are directed towards the training and development of boundary spanners as an important role in health and social care.
Together we are better? Strategic needs assessment as a tool to improve joint working in England
Authors: Ellins Jo , Glasby Jon 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to report the results of a national survey to explore preparations under way by local authorities and primary care trusts (PCT) for the duty to conduct a joint strategic needs assessment (JSNA), key barriers and enablers to this, and the implications for future policy. In particular, the study focuses on JSNA in the context of current and future health and social care partnerships.Design/methodology/approachUsing Department of Health e‐mail circulation lists, the authors conducted a national survey of all PCT chief executives, directors of adult social services and public health in England (a total of 459 people). A qualitative survey was e‐mailed in February 2008 at the time when health and social care communities were preparing to implement the new duty. All completed surveys were analysed by both authors using thematic content analysis. A grounded approach was taken whereby the thematic framework emerged from initial familiarisation with the data, to which any further themes emerging during the coding process were incorporated.FindingsAlthough respondents felt that it was very early days, they had a number of aspirations for JSNA and identified a number of potential impacts and implications. First and foremost, respondents felt that JSNA had scope to raise the profile of the importance of jointly agreed approaches to needs assessment and to partnership working more generally. However, as many respondents pointed out, the extent to which JSNA is able to realise this potential depends on it being seen as a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.Originality/valueOverall, the impression from this early survey was of a health and social care system taking the new duty seriously and with aspirations in some areas to make JSNA a future driving force for local service changes.
Uniformity or equality? Integration, equity and the challenge of personalisation
Authors: Carr Sarah 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper aims to argue that the inflexible administration and funding silos which characterise a health and social care system focused on uniform provision is no longer working, particularly for those who require some support to live independent and fulfilled lives.Design/methodology/approachThis paper details social care reform policy and the personalisation agenda, particularly self‐directed support and personal budgets. It considers the implications of these developments on personalisation, equity and integration and user‐determined standards and challenges service fragmentation and current commissioning practice.FindingsPersonalisation reforms in adult social care, which are being carried over to health services, are challenging traditional models of uniform or large‐scale care provision. Personalisation means putting people in control of their care and support and giving choices – which in turn means commissioning for local difference and personal preference, as well as bottom‐up pressure for services to integrate in a way that avoids funding or service boundary disputes and ensures individuals can choose and control their support.Originality/valueIt is argued that a focus on equality and fairness now needs to turn to equality of opportunity to exercise choice and control, and to the idea that everyone should expect locally appropriate, good‐quality services and support no matter where they are.
Classics in project management: revisiting the past, creating the future
Authors: Söderlund Jonas , Geraldi Joana 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue for the need of continuously revisiting and reformulating the contributions of past research. In particular the focus is on project management writings. In addition, the purpose of the paper is to introduce the reader to the special issue on Classics in project management and give an overview of the different contributions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on literature in related fields and the approach is paradigmatic, illustrating the value of common literature and common language to develop a knowledge domain.FindingsThe authors provide an introductory framework and arguments for the need to revisit the contributions of the past. Since “the past” and readings of it will continuously change and develop, exploring it is not a “one‐off” job, but part of the dialogue within the academic community. From an evolutionary perspective, the authors make the point that an important role for scholars is to “store” knowledge from the past to tell the stories found in prior research, the influential ideas and their development within the knowledge domain/discipline. In a critical realm, the authors also see the role of critical engagement with the past to question what we take for granted to be able to improve our collective ability to think and from that end develop project management thinking and research. In that sense, revisiting the past might provide avenues to future research and adventurous explorations.Originality/valueThe authors introduce the idea of classics in project management as an ongoing and important debate among scholars within the field. This discussion has so far received only limited attention among scholars in the field of project management.