bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual acuity outcomes by baseline perfusion status in the COPERNICUS and GALILEO trials
Authors: PIELEN A , FELTGEN N , STEMPER B 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess the impact of baseline perfusion status on best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal aflibercept (IVT‐AFL) injection.Methods Patients received IVT‐AFL 2 mg (IVT‐AFL 2q4) or sham monthly up to Week 24 (W24). From W24‐W52, all IVT‐AFL–treated patients in both studies and sham‐treated patients in COPERNICUS were eligible to receive IVT‐AFL based on visual and anatomical outcomes (IVT‐AFL 2q4+PRN, sham+IVT‐AFL PRN). Sham‐treated patients in GALILEO were eligible to receive IVT‐AFL after W52. Retinal perfusion (<10 disc areas of nonperfusion) was assessed at baseline, W12, and W24 . Macular perfusion was not assessed.Results COPERNICUS: In the baseline perfused group, mean BCVA change from baseline at W24, W52, and W100 was 17.1, 16.2, and 12.4 letters for IVT‐AFL2q4+PRN and ‐4.8, 2.9, and 0.5 letters for sham+IVT‐AFL PRN. In the baseline nonperfused group, mean BCVA change was 17.8, 16.0, and 14.2 letters for IVT‐AFL2q4+PRN and ‐2.3, 5.9, and 3.7 letters for sham+IVT‐AFL PRN. GALILEO: In the baseline perfused group, mean BCVA change from baseline at W24, W52, and W76 was 17.8, 16.8, and 13.6 letters for IVT‐AFL2q4+PRN and 6.0, 6.8, and 9.1 letters for sham+IVT‐AFL PRN. In the baseline nonperfused group, mean BCVA change was 17.1, 12.7, and 8.6 letters for IVT‐AFL2q4+PRN and ‐11.7, ‐13.0, and ‐9.7 letters for sham+IVT‐AFL PRN. In the overall populations, the most common ocular SAEs in IVT‐AFL2q4+PRN patients were cataract (COPERNICUS) and macular oedema (GALILEO).Conclusion Both perfused and nonperfused patients treated with IVT‐AFL experienced similar gains in BCVA. Baseline perfusion status may not deter success in treatment with IVT‐AFL.
Commercial interest
Lessons learned from gene therapy for color blindness in primates
Authors: NEITZ J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractColor blindness is the most common genetic disorder. The possibility of curing color blindness using gene therapy was explored by adding a third type of cone pigment to dichromatic retinas of squirrel monkeys. This opened a new avenue to explore the requirements for establishing the neural circuits for a new dimension of color sensation. The addition of a third opsin in adults was sufficient to produce trichromatic color vision. Thus, trichromacy can arise from a single addition of a third cone class in a primate and it does not require an early developmental process. This has implications for understanding how our brain processes conscious visual information and it illuminates the opportunities and limits of gene therapy for treating human vision disorders.
Cytological features of inflammatory cells infiltration indicates the etiology of infectious keratitis
Authors: SMEDOWSKI A , TARNAWSKA D , WYLEGALA E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyze histological findings of infectious keratitis in corneal epithelium including inflammatory cells infiltrations.Methods We performed in vivo confocal microscopy (HRT III, Rostock Cornea Module) in 190 patients with diagnosed infectious keratitis of various etiology ‐ 72 viral, 66 bacterial, 34 fungal, 18 amoebal keratitis. For corneal scans we used 400x lens and 63x magnification. Microscopic analysis included inflammatory cells infiltration – number, size and shape of cells; superficial corneal nerve plexus (number and characteristics of nerve fibers) and cytology of epithelial cells. Described features were compared between groups.Results Inflammatory cells densities showed no differences between groups, however there was clearly different ratio of round/dendritic inflammatory cells, respectively 0.07, 8.0, 1.0, 1.2 for viral, bacterial, fungal and amoebal keratitis (U‐Mann Whitney test, P<0.05). Additionally inflammatory cells presented various stage of polimorphism and polimegatism depended on keratitis type. Differences were observed also in nerve fiber numbers (U‐Mann Whitney test, P<0.05) and epithelial layer architecture.Conclusion In vivo analysis of corneal epithelial histology shows high specificity and sensitivity in infectious keratitis diagnosis. Correct diagnosis of infectious keratitis is often difficult. In vivo microscopic analysis of both epithelial layer and cytology of inflammatory infiltration might provide fast and highly specific differentiation of keratitis etiology.
Terrien's marginal degeneration: Nordic collaborative study
Authors: KURKINEN M , DROLSUM L , FAGERHOLM P , HJORTDAL J , HOLOPAINEN J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The objective of our study is to describe the clinical and imaging features of Terrien's marginal degeneration (TMD) and subsequently to define the clinical diagnostic criteria for TMD. Lastly we aim to detect the natural course of this disease.Methods Our study design is cross‐sectional and includes TMD patients diagnosed in Helsinki University Eye Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Oslo University Hospital by corneal specialists. Analysis include gender distribution, age, symptoms, as well as clinical, topographical and imaging findings. The analysis is based on descriptive variables due the limited sample size.Results We present here clinical findings of Finnish TMD patients. All patients were asymptomatic and did not suffer from any systemic autoimmune diseases. Topographical analysis showed high astigmatism due to severe corneal thinning as evidenced by optical coherence tomography imaging.Conclusion TMD is a bilateral corneal disease. Patients are commonly asymptomatic and visit an ophthalmologist because of deteriorated vision due to increasing astigmatism. TMD is thus diagnosed by coincidence. TMD does not seem to be associated with any systemic autoimmune diseases and it is commonly non‐progressing.
Keratoprosthesis. Personal experience
Authors: BARRAQUER J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Comment the Barcelona experience with different types of keratoprosthesesMethods Six cases of different keratoprostheses implanted at the Barraquer Eye Center in Barcelona from 1955 to 2014 are discussed.Results The first keratoprosthesis implanted in Spain was a Dorzee acrylic keratoprosthesis in a case of bilateral chemical burn in 1955 with good functional and anatomic result for five years, when extrusion ocurred with simultaneous superior retinal detachment. The second case refers implantation of a Dorzee‐Barraquer‐Cardona acrylic keratoprosthesis in 1958 in a patient with terminal glaucoma. There was good anatomical retention until the patient’s death in 1970. In the third case a Cardona keratoprosthesis was implanted in 1960 after severe failure of two corneal transplants. Acute endophthalmitis ocurred after a satisfactory anatomical and functional result for 8 years. The fourth case shows extrusion of a Teflon‐supported keratoprosthesis (Girard). The fifth case discusses implantation of an osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (Strampelli)after blast injury with good anatomical and functional result for 10 years. The last case refers to the experience with the Boston keratoprosthesis in our Center since 2006.Conclusion Clinical experience for more than 50 years at the Barraquer Eye Center confirms evolution of the original Dorzee‐Keratoprosthesis to the nowadays widely used Boston keratoprosthesis. In spite of progress in surgical technique, design and postoperative treatment, anatomical and functional results continue being a challenge for KPro surgeons due to the relatively high frequency of unresolvable serious sight‐destructive complications.
UK results for the OOKP
Authors: LIU CSC , AVADHANAM VS , HEROLD J , BUSUTTIL A , THORP TAS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is a time tested procedure. It is the only KPro with a proven long term track record. There has been a steady improvement in patient selection, surgical techniques, optical cylinder design, and perioperative management protocol, which have resulted in improved outcomes. We aim to present the visual, retention, and complications results from the UK national cohort of OOKP patients.
Indian MOOKP results
Authors: IYER G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMOOKP is indicated for bilateral end stage ocular surface disorders. Initiated in 2003, for the first time in India at Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, the center has so far performed 90 cases of MOOKP. Results of 85 eyes of 82 patients will be described. The two most common indications were chemical injuries and SJS. The anatomical and functional results of MOOKP over a 10 year period will be discussed. Specific focus on lamina resorption and means to combat the same will be the highlight of the talk. The nuances and surgical specifics of combined glaucoma and vitreoretinal procedures in eyes undergoing the MOOKP procedure will be focused upon. Modifications in the technique, issues in eyes with SJS – a more common indication in our series and complications of the procedure will be discussed.
Intraretinal hyperreflective spots in eyes with radiation induced maculopathy
Authors: MIDENA E , PARROZZANI R , MIDENA G , FRIZZIERO L , VUJOSEVIC S , PILOTTO E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate in vivo the presence of intraretinal hyperreflective spots in eyes with radiation induced maculopathy.Methods 25 subjects affected by maculopathy secondary to eye irradiation for a primary uveal melanoma were enrolled. All eyes previously underwent I‐125 brachytherapy with a standard apex dose (85 Gy). Full ophthalmic examination, including spectral domain‐OCT (SD‐OCT) and fluorescein angiography, was performed in all eyes. After segmentation of retinal layers, retinal images were analyzed for reflectivity changes (hyperreflectivity spots) at the level of: internal limiting membrane plus retinal nerve fiber layer (ILM+RNFL), inner nuclear layer plus outer plexiform layer (INL+OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Hyperreflective spots were analyzed in a full retinal section both in the foveal area, and between 500 and 1500 µm from the foveal center. All examinations were performed twice, by two independent masked graders. Results The inter‐grader agreement was at least substantial for all measurements. In all studied eyes hyperreflective spots were detected by SD‐OCT. Hyperreflective spots were mainly located in the inner retina (ILM+RNFL and INL+OPL) compared to the outer retina (ONL) (p<0.005), and their expression significantly progressed with the progression of macular (radiation induced) edema (p= 0.002). Conclusion The presence of hyperreflective spots may represent an in vivo biomarker of retinal microglia activation in radiation maculopathy, as previously shown in other macular disorders. This aspect may be related to the so‐called senescence process induced by irradiation of solid tumors. This phaenomenon may offer more tailored approaches for the treatment of radiation‐induced maculopathy.
Retrospective study of combined treatments for conjunctival melanoma
Authors: DESJARDINS L , YIN Y , CASSOUX N , LUMBROSO LE ROUIC L , DENDALE R , SASTRE X , ASSELAIN B , PLANCHER C , LEVY C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Since 2OOO, we have been using proton beam therapy after surgery for all invasive conjunctival melanomas. Patients with associated primary acquired melanosis also receive additional treatment with mitmycin 0, 04% drops at least two cycles. We have made a retrospective study to evaluate the results.Methods Patients were sent to Curie Institute for initial treatment, after the initial surgery or for recurrence. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia; proton beam was applied only on the area of invasive melanoma with a dose of 60 grays in 8 fractions. Results concerning the initial findings, the treatment and the follow up were prospectively registered.Results 62 patients were treated, 36 for initial treatment and 26 after surgery performed elsewhere. The median follow up is 24 months.(range 7 to 146 months) Median tumor diameter was 8 mm, with a thickness < 2mm for 33, > 2mm for 22 patients. TNM and histology will be described. Surgical excision was considered complete in 21 cases. All patients received proton beam irradiation and 25 received mitomycin drops. 10 patients (16%) presented local recurrence and 4 patients (6%) developed metastatic disease.Conclusion : Because of direct contact with the sclera, invasive conjunctival melanoma cannot be removed with sufficient margin if the eye is not removed. The use of proton beam therapy immediately after surgery allows good ocular preservation with very low rate of local recurrence .The prognostic of patients with primary acquired melanosis with atypia has been improved by the use of preventive treatment of the conjunctiva by mitomycin before invasive melanoma occurs.
HSP90 inhibitors and conjunctival melanoma
Authors: MADIGAN M , QUAH X , MCALPINE S , CONWAY RM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the expression of HSP90 in human conjunctival melanoma (CM) cell lines and primary human melanocytes, and to assess the effects of HSP90 inhibitors on cell growth and proliferation.Methods CM cell lines (CRMM1 and 2; CM2005.1) and primary human melanocytes (n=3, P2 to P4) were immunolabelled for HSP90, and visualised using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. HSP90 expression was also examined in cell lysates from CM cell lines (CRMM1 and 2; CM2005.1) and primary melanocytes (n=3). The effect of several HSP90 inhibitors (17DMAG, SM252 and SM122) on cell growth and viability was assessed at 24hrs.Results CRMM1 and 2, and CM2005.1 cells showed strong cytoplasmic expression of HSP90, with low levels of cytoplasmic expression in primary melanocytes. This was confirmed using western blot. The HSP90 inhibitors induced dose‐dependent cell death in CM cells, 17DMAG (water soluble) being most effective (LD50 at 24 hrs ~30uM compared with ~50um for SM122 and SM122).Primary human melanocytes viability was not significantly reduced by the HSP90 inhibitors.Conclusion HSP90 is a widely expressed chaperone protein that can regulate cell growth, survival and angiogenesis pathways. CM cell lines expressed high levels of HSP90 protein compared to melanocytes, consistent with a recent study of primary conjunctival melanoma specimens, that found over‐expressed HSP90 in CM, particularly recurrent tumours. HSP90 inhibitors may be useful in inhibiting CM growth alone or in combination therapies. Funding: National Foundation for Medical Research & Innovation (MCM & RMC); Lions NSW Eyebank
Prospective evaluation of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
Authors: CRAIG JP , TURNBULL PR , CHEN A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) applied to the periocular area for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, paired‐eye study.Methods Twenty‐eight participants (aged 45±16 years, 68% female) underwent IPL treatment (E>Eye, E‐Swin, France), with homogeneously sequenced light pulses delivered to one eye (treated eye, randomised, masked), while placebo treatment was performed on the partner eye (control eye) on 3 occasions following baseline (BL) evaluation; on Day 1, Day 15, and Day 45. Lipid layer grade (LLG), non‐invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), tear evaporation rate (TER), tear meniscus height (TMH) and subjective symptom score (SPEED) were compared to BL and control values at each visit.Results LLG improved significantly from BL to Day 45 in the treated eye (p=0.0002), but not control eye (p=0.714) with an increase of 1.5 grades exhibited by 75% of treated eyes by Day 45. NIBUT also improved significantly from BL to Day 45 in the treated (p<0.0001), but not control eye (p=0.056). NIBUT in the treated eye was significantly longer than that in the control eye at Day 45 (14.1 ± 9.8s vs 8.6 ± 8.2s, p<0.0001). TER was not significantly lower at Day 45 compared to BL in the control eye (p=0.165), but approached significance in the treated eye (p = 0.080). No change in TMH was noted from BL in either eye at Day 45 (p>0.05). SPEED scores improved at each visit in both the treated (p<0.0001) and control eye (p=0.002), with 86% of participants noting reduced symptoms in the treated eye by Day 45.Conclusion IPL with multiple sculpted pulses shows therapeutic potential for MGD, statistically and clinically improving tear film quality and reducing symptoms of dry eye.
Commercial interest
Systematic allergy investigation of patients with red eyes
Authors: MUNK SJ , GARVEY LH , HEEGAARD S , HANSEN KS , SKOV L , ZACHARIAE C , MENNÉ T , JULIAN HO , HALKJÆR LB , JOHANSEN JD 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose“Red eyes” is a common patient complaint. Determining the underlying cause is often difficult as differential diagnoses are numerous. Allergic causes may be easily overlooked as the diagnosis relies on specialized investigation. We wanted to determine the prevalence of relevant allergy in patients with "red eyes", where initial ophthalmological consultation did not result in a definite diagnosis.Methods A multidisciplinary cooperation was established between ophthalmologists, allergologists, dermatologists and pediatricians. The investigation algorithm was based on clinical presentation. Patients with eye symptoms only, or eye and skin symptoms, underwent dermatological investigation comprising patch testing with European baseline series, eye drops and skin prick tests with inhalant allergens and the patients' own ophthalmological products. Patients with eye and airway symptoms were reviewed by allergologists and underwent skin prick tests and specific IgE analysis for relevant allergens and lung function tests. Children were reviewed by pediatric allergologists. Multidisciplinary conferences were held regularly and patients were reviewed and cross‐referred if relevant.Results In total 58 patients (21 males and 37 females) with “red eyes” were included over a one year period. In 21 patients (36%) a relevant allergy was found, diagnosing contact allergy in 15 patients (9 perfume, 3 phenylephrine, 3 others) and IgE‐mediated inhalant allergies in 6 patients. In 37 patients (64%) no allergy was found, and of these 10 patients were diagnosed with rosacea.Conclusion Multidisciplinary cooperation and systematic investigation resulted in identifying relevant allergy in 36% of patients presenting with “red eyes”.
Postural control and binocular anomalies
Authors: KAPOULA Z , MORIZE A , DANIEL F , ORSSAUD C , JONQUA F , BREMOND GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVergence insufficiency is an extraocular dysfunction screened regularly by ophthalmologists and orthoptists. Incidence increases with screen and computer work, resulting in visual quality and quality of life loss. Clinical diagnosis is based on associated well‐defined criteria (Alvarez 2010, Horwood 2014). Quantification of symptoms reported (Echelle CISS), evaluation of response to disparity stimuli and accommodation in natural spaces, calculation of ratio accommodation/vergence and measure of static performance. These criteria are essentially subjective and break the natural bond of two synergistic systems: convergence and accommodation. In the literature very few studies objectify dysfunction with video‐oculography because most authors induce either angular disparities by artificial haploscopic devices or defocusing. However, restricting the visual examination to each component, the vergence of the one part, and on the other hand accommodation, this analytical fragmentation is not representative of the daily behavior of patients. Indeed, in the natural space simultaneous variations of angles of disparity and focus stimulate and maintain synergy vergence‐accommodation. Therefore, we propose an ecological study of the vergence system by stimulating real space. In the meantime our daily actions seek simultaneously vergence and saccadic eye movements, we also extend the study to the combined movement.
Cavitary retinoblastoma: clinical features and treatment outcome
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU T , DE FRANCESCO S , BORRI M , GALLUZZI P , DELUCA MC , BRACCO S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To describe the ophthalmoscopic features of seven cavitary retinoblastomas and treatment outcomeMethods Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, ultrasounds, OCT and MRI findings and response to treatment (systemic chemotherapy, intrarterial chemotherapy, focal therapy ,external beam radiotherapy)were recorded.Results Two cases were bilateral, three cases were unilateral. All cases were unifocal. The median age at first observation was 18 months. No vitreous or subretinal seeds were present. Two tumors were treated with systemic CH followed by IA‐CH ; one tumor with systemic CH and radiotherapy; four tumors with IA‐CH.All cases received adjuvant photocoagulation. Globe salvage was achieved in six out of seven cases (85.7%) Three months after treatment the mean reduction in tumor thickness was 19%. During a mean follow‐up of 18 months one case recurred and one gave rise to subretinal seeds.Conclusion Cavitary retinoblastomas do not show a substantial decrease in size after treatment and do not display dramatic ophthalmoscopic changes.
Unusual lesion of the orbit in a larynx cancer patient
Authors: GRISHINA E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Orbital metastasis is uncommon accounting for 15% of all orbital malignant tumors. Aim. To present an unusual orbital lesion in a larynx cancer patient.Methods 66‐year‐old male had laryngectomy due to larynx cancer 3 years ago. Histological study revealed squamous cell non‐keratinous carcinoma. Following 3 years, an infiltrate under the orbital roof that provoked recurrent upper eyelid edema, 3‐mm exophthalmos and mild limitation of upward movements was revealed. No larynx cancer recurrence or other organ lesions were detected.Results Transcutaneous orbitotomy was performed. Intra‐op, living helminth Dirofilaria and its granuloma were removed.Conclusion In a suspected orbital metastasis, histological verification of the lesion is required.
Mechanical performance of the lens capsule in accommodation
Authors: BURD H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe human lens consists of a relatively stiff capsule surrounding a soft lens substance. It is generally understood that an intralenticular pressure exists within the lens. A simple mechanical model, in which the capsule is represented as a fluid‐filled membrane, suggests that any intralenticular pressure will cause bi‐axial tensile stresses to occur in the capsule near the optical axis. In the equatorial region, however, the circumferential stresses in the capsule are found to be compressive. This indicates that wrinkles may occur in this region. Images of isolated human lenses (e.g. Rosen et al. 2006) typically indicate a smooth outline when viewed in the sagittal plane (suggesting that meridional stresses are tensile at all locations). When viewed in the frontal plane, however, wrinkles are typically visible around the equator. These observations are consistent with the simple capsule model. To investigate the influence that capsule wrinkling might have on the accommodation mechanism, a finite element analysis is conducted, of a 29‐year lens, in which equatorial wrinkles are included in the model. The results indicate that equatorial wrinkles have a modest, but significant, influence on the accommodation amplitude.
FRO 2014: Exploring the role of cis‐acting pre‐mRNA splicing dynamics in the pathogenesis and treatment of Stargardt disease
Authors: BAUWENS M , DE BAERE E , LEROY BP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo functionally study the effect of cis‐acting splice site mutations of ABCA4 found in Stargardt patients in vitro and in vivo. To increase our insights into the role of pre‐mRNA splicing in the pathogenesis of Stargardt disease. To explore antisense oligonucleotide‐mediated treatment in patient‐derived cells. To uncover novel treatment strategies for Stargardt disease.