bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Vancomycin Monitoring Criteria in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Lee Kelley R. , Phelps Stephanie J. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this retrospective study was to determine if implementation of vancomycin monitoring criteria could reduce the number of serum vancomycin concentrations obtained without adversely affecting patient outcomes.
BACKGROUND Controversy regarding the correlation between serum vancomycin concentrations and its efficacy and/or toxicity persists. Little evidence has shown a correlation between vancomycin peak concentration (20–40 mg/L) and toxicity. Likewise, there is little information that supports an association between trough (5–15 mg/L) serum concentrations and clinical cure or in vitro killing rates. For these reasons, many question the clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of monitoring serum vancomycin concentrations.
METHODS We reviewed medical records of 193 patients (1 d-19 yrs) who received vancomycin during a 2-month period before (Group 1; n = 100) and after (Group 2; n = 93) implementation of vancomycin monitoring criteria.
RESULTS There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) in baseline age, weight, white blood cell count, temperature, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen between Groups 1 and 2. Although 49.5% of all patients had vancomycin serum concentrations performed, significantly (P &lt; 0.005) fewer patients in Group 2 (32%) were monitored when compared to Group 1 (65%). Peak serum vancomycin concentrations were within the reference range (20–40 mg/L) in 48% of patients in Group 1 compared to 80% in Group 2 (P = 0.03). The mean duration of vancomycin therapy was greater (P = 0.004) for patients in Group 1 (7 ± 7.5 days) compared to Group 2 (4 ± 4.4 days) and the medians for the two groups were also different. Mean ending temperatures (P = 0.23), white blood cell counts (P = 0.71), serum creatinine (P = 0.3) and BUN (P = 0.24) were not different for the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS Implementation of criteria to decrease unnecessary serum vancomycin concentration monitoring does not adversely affect patient outcome and may decrease cost to the institution, healthcare system, and patient.
Development of a Gentamicin and Tobramycin Dosing Strategy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Niemic Katie M. , Corriveau Michele P. , Ahern John W. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of a neonatal aminoglycoside dosing nomogram to produce peak serum concentrations greater than 6 mg/L and trough serum concentrations less than 1.5 mg/L.
METHODS Neonates admitted to the Intensive Care Unit who received gentamicin or tobramycin were included if they met the following dosing criteria: Patients &lt; 28 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) received 2.5 mg/kg every 24 hours, those 28–34 weeks PCA received 2.5 mg/kg every 16 hours, and neonates ≥ 35 weeks PCA received 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. Serum gentamicin or tobramycin concentrations were obtained and mean patient pharmacokinetic values from this group were used to predict concentrations that would have resulted if the following dosing strategy were used: 4 mg/kg every 36 hours in patients &lt; 29 weeks PCA and 3.5 mg/kg every 24 hours in those ≥ 29 weeks. These doses were then prospectively evaluated in a separate group of neonates.
RESULTS Two-hundred sixty one peak serum concentrations were obtained in patients receiving the initial dosing strategy and 114 neonates received the revised dosing regimen. There were significantly more peak serum concentrations below 6 mg/L in the initial regimen (43%) compared to the new dosing strategy (7.8%). There was also a difference between the percentage of trough serum concentrations &gt; 1.5 mg/L using the initial strategy (33%) compared to the new one (1.8%).
CONCLUSION The new dosing strategy significantly reduced the number of aminoglycoside serum concentrations outside our target reference range; hence, these doses have become the standard of care in our NICU.
Emerging Applications of Superhydrophilic‐Superhydrophobic Micropatterns
Authors: Ueda Erica , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWater on superhydrophilic surfaces spreads or is absorbed very quickly, and exhibits water contact angles close to zero. We encounter superhydrophilic materials in our daily life (e.g., paper, sponges, textiles) and they are also ubiquitous in nature (e.g., plant and tree leaves, Nepenthes pitcher plant). On the other hand, water on completely non‐wettable, superhydrophobic surfaces forms spherical droplets and rolls off the surface easily. One of the most well‐known examples of a superhydrophobic surface is the lotus leaf. Creating novel superhydrophobic surfaces has led to exciting new properties such as complete water repellency, self‐cleaning, separation of oil and water, and antibiofouling. However, combining these two extreme states of superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity on the same surface in precise two‐dimensional micropatterns opens exciting new functionalities and possibilities in a wide variety of applications from cell, droplet, and hydrogel microarrays for screening to surface tension confined microchannels for separation and diagnostic devices. In this Progress Report, we briefly describe the methods for fabricating superhydrophilic‐superhydrophobic patterns and highlight some of the newer and emerging applications of these patterned substrates that are currently being explored. We also give an outlook on current and future applications that would benefit from using such superhydrophilic‐superhydrophobic micropatterns.
Oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity involves TRPM8 in the mechanism of acute hypersensitivity to cold sensation
Authors: Kono Toru , Satomi Machiko , Suno Manabu , Kimura Norihisa , Yamazaki Hirotaka , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Matsubara Kazuo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OPN) is commonly associated with peripheral hypersensitivity to cold sensations (CS) but the mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a putative cold and menthol receptor, contributes to oxaliplatin cold hypersensitivity. To determine whether the TRPM8 is involved in acute OPN, varying concentrations of menthol were topically applied to the tongues of healthy subjects (n= 40) and colorectal cancer patients (n= 36) before and after oxaliplatin administration. The minimum concentration of menthol to evoke CS at the menthol application site was determined as the CS detection threshold (CDT). In healthy subjects, the mean CDT was 0.068. Sex and age differences were not found in the CDT. In advanced colorectal cancer patients, the mean CDT significantly decreased from 0.067% to 0.028% (P= 0.0039) after the first course of oxaliplatin infusions, and this marked CS occurred in patients who had grade 1 or less neurotoxicity, and grade 2 neurotoxicity, but not in those with grade 3 neurotoxicity. Further, the mean baseline CDT in oxaliplatin‐treated patients was significantly higher than that of chemotherapy‐naïve patients and healthy subjects (0.151% vs. 0.066%, P= 0.0225), suggesting that acute sensory changes may be concealed by progressive abnormalities in sensory axons in severe neurotoxicity, and that TRPM8 is subject to desensitization on repeat stimulation. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of undertaking CDT test in a clinical setting to facilitate the identification of early neurotoxicity. Moreover, our results indicate potential TRPM8 involvement in acute OPN.
Photorealistic real‐time rendering of spherical raindrops with hierarchical reflective and refractive maps
Authors: Slomp Marcos , Johnson Matthew W. , Tamaki Toru , Kaneda Kazufumi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSynthesizing rainy images is a common challenge found in film, game engines, driving simulators, and architectural design. Simulating light transport through a raindrop's optical properties is a view‐dependent problem, and large quantities of raindrops are required to produce a plausible rainy scene. Accurate methods for rendering raindrops exist but are often off‐line techniques that are cost prohibitive for real‐time applications. Most real‐time solutions use textures to approximate the appearance of moving raindrops as streaks. These approaches produce plausible results but do not address the problem of temporal effects such as slow‐motion or paused simulations. In such conditions, streak‐based approximations are not suitable, and proper raindrop geometry should be considered. This paper describes a straight‐forward approach for rendering raindrops in such temporal conditions. The proposed technique consists of a preprocessing stage that generates a raindrop mask and a run‐time stage that renders raindrops as screen‐aligned billboards. The mask's contents are adjusted on the basis of the viewpoint, viewing direction, and raindrop position. The proposed method renders millions of raindrops at real‐time rates in current graphics hardware, making it suitable for applications that require high‐visual quality without compromising performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Arylation and Vinylation at the α Position of Vinylarenes
Authors: Zou Yinjun , Qin Liena , Ren Xinfeng , Lu Yunpeng , Li Yongxin , Zhou Jianrong (Steve) 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn intermolecular Heck reactions of styrene and vinylarenes, the aryl and vinyl groups routinely insert at the β position. However, selective insertion at the α position has been very rare. Herein, we provide a missing piece in the palette of Heck reaction, which gave >20:1 α selectivity. The key to our success is a new ferrocene 1,1′‐bisphosphane (dnpf) that carries 1‐naphthyl groups. Our mechanistic studies revealed that the high α selectivity is partly attributable to the steric effect of dnpf. The rigid and bulky 1‐naphthyl groups of dnpf sterically disfavor β insertion.
Complexation of C60 Fullerene with Aromatic Drugs
Authors: Evstigneev Maxim P. , Buchelnikov Anatoly S. , Voronin Dmitry P. , Rubin Yuriy V. , Belous Leonid F. , Prylutskyy Yuriy I. , Ritter Uwe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe contributions of various physical factors to the energetics of complexation of aromatic drug molecules with C60 fullerene are investigated in terms of the calculated magnitudes of equilibrium complexation constants and the components of the net Gibbs free energy. Models of complexation are developed taking into account the polydisperse nature of fullerene solutions in terms of the continuous or discrete (fractal) aggregation of C60 molecules. Analysis of the energetics has shown that stabilization of the ligand–fullerene complexes in aqueous solution is mainly determined by intermolecular van der Waals interactions and, to lesser extent, by hydrophobic interactions. The results provide a physicochemical basis for a potentially new biotechnological application of fullerenes as modulators of biological activity of aromatic drugs.
Measurement of photoacoustic signals of depletion layer in planar metal–semiconductor–metal structure
Authors: Murakami Masahiko , Takabatake Nobuya , Sato Kazunori , Arai Toshihiko 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe photoacoustic signal from the depletion layer formed within a planar metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure was detected using the photoacoustic method. To measure the distribution of the photoacoustic signal from the depletion layer, the surface of the sample was illuminated and scanned by an intensity‐modulated optical beam. The amplitude and phase shifts of the observed signal increased with an increase in the reverse bias in the Schottky barrier. The intensity distribution of the photoacoustic signal corresponded closely to the position of the photocurrent distribution, showing the presence of the depletion layer as measured by the photoelectric method. This demonstrates clearly that the photoacoustic signal reﬂects the presence of the depletion layer in semiconductor materials, and that the photoacoustic method can be used eﬀectively for the visualization of the depletion layer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 65–70, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10402
Static and Dynamical Aspects of a Phonon‐Induced Spin‐Crossover Transition – Local Equilibrium Approach
Authors: Boukheddaden Kamel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present a dynamical extension of the phonon‐induced spin‐crossover (SC) transition model, which allows obtaining the time evolution of the metastable high spin fraction at low temperature. The model is based on 1D lattices of two level atoms coupled by springs. This model is somehow isomorphic with an Ising‐like model in which the interactions between the spins take place through lattice distortions. The thermodynamic properties are studied in the frame of a self‐consistent phonon approach, which gives an elegant variational formalism in which the 1D character of the system is preserved. Obviously, this kind of mean‐field approach allows the existence of phase transitions. Thus, we found that first‐order and two‐step SC transitions can be obtained, depending on the choice of the elastic constants between the atoms. The dynamical version of this model is also investigated by using the master equation formalism. The equations of motion of the high‐spin (HS) fraction and equal‐time two‐spin correlation are derived analytically in the frame of a local equilibrium approach, in which we consider that the phonon bath equilibrates instantaneously, in contrast to the dynamics of the macrovariables such as the high‐spin fraction. Sigmoidal curves with long relaxation tails are obtained for the time dependence of the HS fraction in the ferroelastic case. The flow diagrams and the time dependence of the configuration entropy upon relaxation are analyzed, and the obtained results are discussed in relation to those of the dynamical mean‐field theory, which is the approach most used to describe the experimental results, although it neglects short‐range fluctuations.
Magnetic Behavior and Liquid‐Crystal Properties in Spin‐Crossover Cobalt(II) Compounds with Long Alkyl Chains
Authors: Hayami Shinya , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Lee Young Hoon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLong‐chain‐alkylated terpyridine cobalt(II) complexes provide an opportunity for the study not only of their unique physical properties but also of the synchronicity between spin‐state transitions and crystal–liquid‐crystal phase transitions because the thermal motion of the long alkyl chains leads to a synergetic effect exerted by external stimuli. This microreview presents recent results of terpyridine cobalt(II) complexes bearing a variety of long alkyl chains with a particular focus on the structural features as well as magnetic and liquid‐crystalline properties. In addition, various influences, such as the size of the counter anion, the polarity of the terminal substituent, and mixed metal‐ion systems, on the magnetic properties of these complexes are also discussed.
Tracheo‐innominate artery fistula: Diagnosis and surgical management
Authors: Wang Xiao‐lei , Xu Zhen‐gang , Tang Ping‐zhang , Yu Yue 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundTracheo‐innominate artery fistula (TIF) is a rare and fatal complication after tracheostomy. The diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention of this disease are discussed in this study.MethodsFrom 1976 to 2008, 14 patients with TIF were studied retrospectively.ResultsAll patients underwent open surgical tracheostomy. Before TIF, herald events occurred in 10 patients (8 had slight hemoptysis and 2 had innominate artery exposure). When TIF occurred, bedside aid was administered, and 5 patients lived long enough to reach the operating room. Four patients accepted median sternotomy and ligation of innominate arteries. After surgery, mediastinal infection caused the rebleeding and death of 3 patients. In conducting follow‐up for 11 months, the last patient was still alive without neurological complications. The survival rate was only 7.1%.ConclusionPrompt diagnosis and surgical intervention can save the life of a patient with TIF. Prevention is vital because of the high mortality of this disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1713–1718, 2013
Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to determine B1, B2, and B3 fumonisins in cereal products
Authors: Bryła Marcin , Jędrzejczak Renata , Roszko Marek , Szymczyk Krystyna , Obiedziński Mieczysław W. , Sękul Janusz , Rzepkowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for qualitative and quantitative determination of the B1, B2, and B3 fumonisins in cereal products. A LC coupled to an IT‐MS was used as the analytical instrument. The AFFINIMIP FumoZON Molecularly Imprinted Polymer SPE cartridges (Polyintell) were used to isolate fumonisins from the analyzed samples and the clean‐up step. Statistical parameters evaluated in some validation experiments were as follows: mean recovery 95–106%, precision <17% (expressed as recovery RSD). The developed method was used to determine fumonisins in 49 cereals (42 maize‐based and seven wheat‐based products). In most cases, concentrations of the studied compounds found in the analyzed samples were low. The highest total concentration of the B1, B2, and B3 fumonisins was found in maize flour samples (range, 26–1102 μg/kg, mean 498 μg/kg).
Crisis Mapping Intelligence Information During the Libyan Civil War: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Stottlemyre Steve , Stottlemyre Sonia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThroughout the Libyan Civil War, Twitter users took the initiative to collect and process data for use in the rebellion against the Qadhafi regime, including map overlays depicting the situation on the ground. These data, in some cases, were processed in a way to make it easily consumable by NATO and coalition forces in their eventual enforcement of a No Fly Zone over Libya in mid‐2011. This paper investigates whether the information collected and disseminated by Twitter users constituted tactical military intelligence. Some argue that to take advantage of open source information available through the Internet, organizations like NATO must first tackle the challenge of “determining how to deal with the huge amount of unstructured data in a useful and/or meaningful way.” On the contrary, this article shows how some crisis maps created during the Libyan Civil War met the minimum requirements to be considered tactical military intelligence.
Clinicopathological Features of Recurrence in Patients After 10‐year Disease‐free Survival Following Curative Hepatic Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Kubo Shoji , Nagano Hiroaki , Hayashi Michihiro , Haji Seiji , Nakai Takuya , Ishizaki Morihiko , Matsui Kosuke , Uenishi Takahiro , Takemura Shigekazu , Wada Hiroshi , Marubashi Shigeru , Komeda Koji , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Nakata Yasuyuki , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Kwon A‐Hon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic features of long‐term disease‐fee survival after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis retrospective study identified 940 patients who underwent curative resection of HCC between 1991 and 2000 at five university hospitals. Seventy‐four patients with 10 years of recurrence‐free survival were identified and followed up. They were divided into two groups, 60 recurrence‐free and 14 with recurrence after a 10‐year recurrence‐free period.ResultsOverall survival rates of recurrence and non‐recurrence groups were 68 and 91 % at 16 years, and 34 and 91 % at 20 years (p = 0.02), respectively. There were five (36 %), and two deaths (3 %), respectively, after 10 recurrence‐free years. A second resection for recurrence was performed in four patients (29 %), and mean survival was 15.3 years after the first hepatectomy. Although three patients in the non‐recurrence group (5 %) developed esophageal and/or gastric varices, seven patients in the recurrence group (50 %) developed varices during 10 years (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, preoperative and 10‐year platelet count was identified as a favorable independent factor for maintained recurrence‐free survival after a 10‐year recurrence‐free period following curative hepatic resection of HCC.ConclusionsRecurrence of HCC may occur even after a 10‐year recurrence‐free period. Long‐term follow‐up after resection of HCC is important, and should be life‐long. Patients with higher preoperative and 10‐year platelet counts are more likely to have long‐term survival after resection. A low platelet count, related to the degree of liver fibrosis, is a risk factor for recurrence and survival of HCC after curative resection.
Construction of lactose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae for lactose fermentation into ethanol fuel
Authors: Zou Jing , Guo Xuewu , Shen Tong , Dong Jian , Zhang Cuiying , Xiao Dongguang 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Two lactose-consuming diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, AY-51024A and AY-51024M, were constructed by expressing the LAC4 and LAC12 genes of Kluyveromyces marxianus in the host strain AY-5. In AY-51024A, both genes were targeted to the ATH1 and NTH1 gene-encoding regions to abolish the activity of acid/neutral trehalase. In AY-51024M, both genes were respectively integrated into the MIG1 and NTH1 gene-encoding regions to relieve glucose repression. Physiologic studies of the two transformants under anaerobic cultivations in glucose and galactose media indicated that the expression of both LAC genes did not physiologically burden the cells, except for AY-51024A in glucose medium. Galactose consumption was initiated at higher glucose concentrations in the MIG1 deletion strain AY-51024M than in the corresponding wild-type strain and AY-51024A, wherein galactose was consumed until glucose was completely depleted in the mixture. In lactose medium, the Sp. growth rates of AY-51024A and AY-51024M under anaerobic shake-flasks were 0.025 and 0.067 h−1, respectively. The specific lactose uptake rate and ethanol production of AY-51024M were 2.50 g lactose g CDW−1 h−1 and 23.4 g l−1, respectively, whereas those of AY-51024A were 0.98 g lactose g CDW−1 h−1 and 24.3 g lactose g CDW−1 h−1, respectively. In concentrated cheese whey powder solutions, AY-51024M produced 63.3 g l−1 ethanol from approximately 150 g l−1 initial lactose in 120 h, conversely, AY-51024A consumed 63.7 % of the initial lactose and produced 35.9 g l−1 ethanol. Therefore, relieving glucose repression is an effective strategy for constructing lactose-consuming S. cerevisiae.
Pharmacologic Management of Osteoarthritis-Related Pain in Older Adults
Authors: Reid M. Carrington , Shengelia Rouzi , Parker Samantha J. 
Published: January 2013

Overview Because pain is a common and debilitating symptom of osteoarthritis in older adults, the authors reviewed data on the efficacy and safety of commonly used oral, topical, and intraarticular drug therapies in this population. A search of several databases found that most studies have focused on knee osteoarthritis and reported only short-term outcomes. Also, treatment efficacy was found to vary by drug class; the smallest effect was observed with acetaminophen and the largest with opioids and viscosupplements. Acetaminophen and topical agents had the best safety profiles, whereas oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioids had the worst. Little data were available on patients ages 75 years old and older and on patients from diverse racial and ethnic groups. Most drug therapies gave mild-to-moderate pain relief; their long-term safety and efficacy and their effects in diverse populations (particularly older adults) remain undetermined.