bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated polymers for the fluorescent detection of nitroaromatics: Influence of side‐chain sterics and π‐system electronics
Authors: Duniho Tyler L. , Laughlin Brynna J. , Buelt Ashley A. , Baker William F. , Conrad Catherine A. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA series of eight poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) (P1–P8) derivatives were tested for their ability to detect the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its model compound 2,6‐dinitrotoluene (DNT). The polymers P1–P8 represent five structural classes that have not been examined for nitroaromatic sensing. These new motifs include PPE derivatives with a main‐chain m‐terphenyl unit (P1) or oxacyclophane canopy‐like structure (P2) and PPV derivatives with 2,6‐mesitylenephenylene repeats (P3 and P4), 9,9‐dialkyl‐1,4‐fluorenylene repeats (P5 and P6), or m‐phenylene units that periodically disrupt π‐conjugation along the backbone of the polymer (P7 and P8). The time‐dependent photoluminescent response of films to TNT and DNT and the solution‐phase Stern‐Volmer quenching constants for both TNT and DNT were determined. The results are rationalized in terms of side‐chain sterics and π‐system electronics and are discussed relative to known conjugated polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1487–1492
The influence of external separate heating on the synchronization of Josephson junctions
Authors: Grib Alexander , Seidel Paul 
Published: March 2014

Recent experiments on synchronized radiation from intrinsic Josephson junctions in high‐temperature superconductors showed that the difference of temperatures of the junctions can influence synchronization. We investigated numerically the mechainsm of this influence on the example of two overdamped Josephson junctions loaded by a shunt consisting of the resistance and the inductance. We showed that strong synchronization of radiation was obtained by means of external separate heating/cooling of junctions. Due to the change of critical currents in the process of heating or cooling, the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the junctions cross each other and junctions are synchronized by the ac current in the load in the vicinity of this crossing. The maximal tolerant spread of critical currents for this mechanism of synchronization is 15–20% that is twice larger than the maximal tolerant spread for this system without the separate heating.I–V characteristics of two separately heated junctions. Phase locking in this system is impossible without heating for such large spreads of critical currents.
Elimination of isobaric interference and signal‐to‐noise ratio enhancement using on‐line mobile phase filtration in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lahaie Mathieu , Youhnovski Nikolay , Furtado Milton , Garofolo Fabio 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALELiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) instruments are selective and sensitive but can still be affected by isobaric interference or chemical noise arising from multiple sources such as the mobile phase. In this study, a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on‐line mobile phase filtration setup is described and used to remove interference to allow better detection of the analyte of interest.METHODSFor instance, a filtration device containing a chemical sorbent is installed at the HPLC outlet of the aqueous solvent pump A or the organic solvent pump B. This manuscript reports different case scenarios under reversed‐phase and HILIC separations either in positive (ESI(+)) or negative electrospray ionization (ESI(–)) mode using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) scans as well as additional Q1 MS scans.RESULTSThe filtration of the aqueous effluent of the mobile phase using a porous graphitic carbon filter eliminated the isobaric interferences and improved the detectability of gestodene and perindopril‐D4. Also, a strong cation‐exchange guard column installed at the acetonitrile outlet pump was found helpful on reducing the baseline intensity and improving significantly the signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) of methenamine. Moreover, the on‐line mobile phase filtration was efficient at removing chemical background ions in full scan mode.CONCLUSIONSThis strategy demonstrated its usefulness by removing co‐eluting isobaric interference, and reducing chemical background ions from the mobile phase, while drastically improving S/N. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss von Querkraftanschlüssen auf das Biegedrillknicken von Einfeldträgern – Teil 2: Aufbereitung für die Praxis
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Möller Heidrun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractQuerkraftanschlüsse stellen eine häufig verwendete oberkantenbündige Verbindungsmöglichkeit eines Nebenträgers an einen Hauptträger dar. Hierbei zeichnen sich insbesondere lange Fahnenblechanschlüsse durch ihre Vorteile in der Montage aus. Ausgeklinkte Träger mit Doppelwinkel‐ oder Fahnenblechanschlüssen müssen aufgrund der Ausklinkung des Nebenträgers umständlich zwischen die Hauptträger eingeschwenkt werden, stellen aber nichts desto trotz eine gerne verwendete Anschlussform mit großer Tradition dar. Allen Varianten gemein ist die Tatsache, dass sie kein Gabellager bilden, sondern ein torsionsweiches Auflager. Damit sind die üblichen Berechnungsmöglichkeiten zur Ermittlung des idealen Biegedrillknickmomentes Mcr nicht anwendbar. Um für Träger mit diesen Anschlüssen Mcr ermitteln zu können und damit die Grundlage für einen normkonformen Nachweis zu legen, bedurfte es einiger eingehender Untersuchungen. Im Rahmen des AiF‐Forschungsvorhabens 16872 N wurden diese Untersuchungen am Lehrstuhl für Metallbau der Technischen Universität München durchgeführt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird auf die Erkenntnisse der Parameterstudie, das Ersatzmodell zur Ermittlung von Mcr sowie auf die weiteren Hilfsmittel, aufbereitet für die Praxis, eingegangen (s. auch Teil 1 [9]).Influence of hinged connections on the lateral‐torsional buckling of single‐span beams – Part 2: Practical application. Hinged connections are an often used type of connection between secondary and primary beam with flushed upper flanges. A very economic type of connection in terms of manufacturing and erection are long fin‐plates. Unfortunately they are no fork bearing, therefore the usual formula for the elastic critical moment Mcr for beams cannot be used. To design a beam according to DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 it is necessary to know the actual stiffness of such connections to be able to consider it in the calculation of Mcr. This is also the case for other typical hinged connections like notched beams with either fin‐plate or double angle connection. This problem of otherwise very economic connections is the reason for taking a closer look at their influence on the lateral‐torsional buckling in the research project AiF‐No. 16872 N at the Lehrstuhl für Metallbau (chair of metal structures) der Technischen Universität München. The following second part of the paper deals with the results of the parametric study, the substitute model to calculate Mcr and the additional aids for practical use (for part 1 of the paper see [9]).
Apolipoprotein E receptor pathways in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa , Carlo Anne‐Sophie , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: March 2014

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of patients worldwide. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the formation of neurotoxic oligomers composed of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides is the main mechanism that causes synaptic dysfunction and, eventually, neuronal cell death in this condition. Intriguingly, apolipoprotein E (apoE), the most important genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, emerges as a key factor that contributes to many aspects of the amyloid cascade including the clearance of Aβ from brain interstitial fluid and the ability of this peptide to form neurotoxic oligomers. Central to the activity of apoE in the healthy and in the diseased brain are apoE receptors that interact with this protein to mediate its multiple cellular and systemic effects. This review describes the molecular interactions that link apoE and its cellular receptors with neuronal viability and function, and how defects in these pathways in the brain promote neurodegeneration.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Integrating Pricing and Inventory Control: Is it Worth the Effort?
Authors: Gimpl-Heersink Lisa , Rudloff Christian , Fleischmann Moritz , Taudes Alfred 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper we first show that the gains achievable by integrating pricing and inventory control are usually small for classical demand functions. We then introduce reference price models and demonstrate that for this class of demand functions the benefits of integration with inventory control are substantially increased due to the price dynamics. We also provide some analytical results for this more complex model. We thus conclude that integrated pricing/inventory models could repeat the success of revenue management in practice if reference price effects are included in the demand model and the properties of this new model are better understood.
Do Taxes Matter in the CAPM?
Authors: Kruschwitz Lutz , Löffler Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe traditional literature on the CAPM assumes that investor’s tax payments simply vanish from the model. This assumption is not at all consistent with the actual behavior of the Treasury. The theory of general equilibrium states that an interest rate rf = 0 will not affect prices if taxes are introduced. We show that this result can be extended to the CAPM if the tax payments are redistributed among investors.
Tariff-Specific Preferences and Their Influence on Price Sensitivity
Authors: Wolk Agnieszka , Skiera Bernd 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor many services, consumers can choose among a range of optional tariffs that differ in their access and usage prices. Recent studies indicate that tariff-specific preferences may lead consumers to choose a tariff that does not minimize their expected billing rate. This study analyzes how tariff-specific preferences influence the responsiveness of consumers’ usage and tariff choice to changes in price. We show that consumer heterogeneity in tariff-specific preferences leads to heterogeneity in their sensitivity to price changes. Specifically, consumers with tariff-specific preferences are less sensitive to price increases of their preferred tariff than other consumers. Our results provide an additional reason why firms should offer multiple tariffs rather than a uniform nonlinear pricing plan to extract maximum consumer surplus.
Setting Inventory Levels of CONWIP Flow Lines via Linear Programming
Authors: Helber Stefan , Schimmelpfeng Katja , Stolletz Raik 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper treats the problem of setting the inventory level and optimizing the buffer allocation of closed-loop flow lines operating under the constant-work-in-process (CONWIP) protocol. We solve a very large but simple linear program that models an entire simulation run of a closed-loop flow line in discrete time to determine a production rate estimate of the system. This approach introduced in Helber, Schimmelpfeng, Stolletz, and Lagershausen (2011) for open flow lines with limited buffer capacities is extended to closed-loop CONWIP flow lines. Via this method, both the CONWIP level and the buffer allocation can be optimized simultaneously. The first part of a numerical study deals with the accuracy of the method. In the second part, we focus on the relationship between the CONWIP inventory level and the short-term profit. The accuracy of the method turns out to be best for such configurations that maximize production rate and/or short-term profit.
Exact Solutions to the Symmetric and Asymmetric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-Up
Authors: Rieck Julia , Zimmermann Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn reverse logistics networks, products (e.g., bottles or containers) have to be transported from a depot to customer locations and, after use, from customer locations back to the depot. In order to operate economically beneficial, companies prefer a simultaneous delivery and pick-up service. The resulting Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pick-up (VRPSDP) is an operational problem, which has to be solved daily by many companies. We present two mixed-integer linear model formulations for the VRPSDP, namely a vehicle-flow and a commodity-flow model. In order to strengthen the models, domain-reducing preprocessing techniques, and effective cutting planes are outlined. Symmetric benchmark instances known from the literature as well as new asymmetric instances derived from real-world problems are solved to optimality using CPLEX 12.1.
Chaotic rotation of a towed elliptical cylinder
Authors: Weymouth G. D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper I consider the self-excited rotation of an elliptical cylinder towed in a viscous fluid as a canonical model of nonlinear fluid–structure interactions with possible applications in the design of sensors and energy extraction devices. First, the self-excited ellipse system is shown to be analogous to the forced bistable oscillators studied in classic chaos theory. A single variable, the distance between the pivot and the centroid, governs the system bifurcation into bistability. Next, fully coupled computational fluid dynamics simulations of the motion of the cylinder demonstrate limit cycle, period doubling, intermittently chaotic and fully chaotic dynamics as the distance is further adjusted. The viscous wake behind the cylinder is presented for the limit-cycle cases and new types of stable wakes are characterized for each. In contrast, a chaotic case demonstrates an independence of the wake and structural states. The rotational kinetic energy is quantified and correlated to the vortex shedding and the trajectory periodicity. Chaotic and high-period system responses are found to persist when structural damping is applied and for Reynolds numbers as low as 200.
BLACK AND WHITE BODY MASS INDEX VALUES IN DEVELOPING NINETEENTH CENTURY NEBRASKA
Authors: CARSON SCOTT ALAN 
Published: March 2014

SummaryLittle is known about late 19th and early 20th century BMIs on the US Central Plains. Using data from the Nebraska state prison, this study demonstrates that the BMIs of dark complexioned blacks were greater than for fairer complexioned mulattos and whites. Although modern BMIs have increased, late 19th and early 20th century BMIs in Nebraska were in normal ranges; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common. Farmer BMIs were consistently greater than those of non-farmers, and farm labourer BMIs were greater than those of common labourers. The BMIs of individuals born in Plains states were greater than for other nativities, indicating that rural lifestyles were associated with better net current biological living conditions.
Parasites as valuable stock markers for fisheries in Australasia, East Asia and the Pacific Islands
Authors: LESTER R. J. G. , MOORE B. R. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYOver 30 studies in Australasia, East Asia and the Pacific Islands region have collected and analysed parasite data to determine the ranges of individual fish, many leading to conclusions about stock delineation. Parasites used as biological tags have included both those known to have long residence times in the fish and those thought to be relatively transient. In many cases the parasitological conclusions have been supported by other methods especially analysis of the chemical constituents of otoliths, and to a lesser extent, genetic data. In analysing parasite data, authors have applied multiple different statistical methodologies, including summary statistics, and univariate and multivariate approaches. Recently, a growing number of researchers have found non-parametric methods, such as analysis of similarities and cluster analysis, to be valuable. Future studies into the residence times, life cycles and geographical distributions of parasites together with more robust analytical methods will yield much important information to clarify stock structures in the area.
Lactobacillus-dominated cervicovaginal microbiota associated with reduced HIV/STI prevalence and genital HIV viral load in African women
Authors: Borgdorff Hanneke , Tsivtsivadze Evgeni , Verhelst Rita , Marzorati Massimo , Jurriaans Suzanne , Ndayisaba Gilles F , Schuren Frank H , van de Wijgert Janneke H H M 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cervicovaginal microbiota not dominated by lactobacilli may facilitate transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as miscarriages, preterm births and sepsis in pregnant women. However, little is known about the exact nature of the microbiological changes that cause these adverse outcomes. In this study, cervical samples of 174 Rwandan female sex workers were analyzed cross-sectionally using a phylogenetic microarray. Furthermore, HIV-1 RNA concentrations were measured in cervicovaginal lavages of 58 HIV-positive women among them. We identified six microbiome clusters, representing a gradient from low semi-quantitative abundance and diversity dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (cluster R-I, with R denoting ‘Rwanda’) and L. iners (R-II) to intermediate (R-V) and high abundance and diversity (R-III, R-IV and R-VI) dominated by a mixture of anaerobes, including Gardnerella, Atopobium and Prevotella species. Women in cluster R-I were less likely to have HIV (P=0.03), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2; P&lt;0.01), and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV; P&lt;0.01) and had no bacterial STIs (P=0.15). Statistically significant trends in prevalence of viral STIs were found from low prevalence in cluster R-I, to higher prevalence in clusters R-II and R-V, and highest prevalence in clusters R-III/R-IV/R-VI. Furthermore, only 10% of HIV-positive women in clusters R-I/R-II, compared with 40% in cluster R-V, and 42% in clusters R-III/R-IV/R-VI had detectable cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA (Ptrend=0.03). We conclude that L. crispatus-dominated, and to a lesser extent L. iners-dominated, cervicovaginal microbiota are associated with a lower prevalence of HIV/STIs and a lower likelihood of genital HIV-1 RNA shedding.
Inhibitory effect of Xenorhabdusnematophila TB on plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in planta
Authors: Fang Xiangling , Zhang Manrang , Tang Qian , Wang Yonghong , Zhang Xing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. produce secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity for use in agricultural productions. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of X. nematophila TB culture on plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Phytophthora capsici. The cell-free filtrate of TB culture showed strong inhibitory effects (>90%) on mycelial growth of both pathogens. The methanol-extracted bioactive compounds (methanol extract) of TB culture also had strong inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and spore germinations of both pathogens. The methanol extract (1000 μg/mL) and cell-free filtrate both showed strong therapeutic and protective effects (>70%) on grey mold both in detached tomato fruits and plants and leaf scorch in pepper plants. This study demonstrates X. nematophila TB produces antimicrobial metabolites of strong activity on plant pathogens, with great potential for controlling tomato grey mold and pepper leaf scorch and being used in integrated disease control to reduce chemical application.
Risk Factors for Colonization due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Patients: Exposed to Long-Term Acute Care and Acute Care Facilities
Authors: Bhargava Ashish , Hayakawa Kayoko , Silverman Ethan , Haider Samran , Alluri Krishna Chaitanya , Datla Satya , Diviti Sreelatha , Kuchipudi Vamsi , Muppavarapu Kalyan Srinivas , Lephart Paul R. , Marchaim Dror , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: March 2014

Background.This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization among patients screened with rectal cultures upon admission to a hospital or long-term acute care (LTAC) center and to compare risk factors among patients who were screen positive for CRE at the time of hospital admission with those screen positive prior to LTAC admission.Methods.A retrospective nested matched case-control study was conducted from June 2009 to December 2011. Patients with recent LTAC exposure were screened for CRE carriage at the time of hospital admission, and patients admitted to a regional LTAC facility were screened prior to LTAC admission. Cases were patients with a positive CRE screening culture, and controls (matched in a 3:1 ratio to cases) were patients with negative screening cultures.Results.Nine hundred five cultures were performed on 679 patients. Forty-eight (7.1%) cases were matched to 144 controls. One hundred fifty-eight patients were screened upon hospital admission and 521 prior to LTAC admission. Independent predictors for CRE colonization included Charlson's score greater than 3 (odds ratio [OR], 4.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.64–14.41]), immunosuppression (OR, 3.92 [95% CI, 1.08–1.28]), presence of indwelling devices (OR, 5.21 [95% CI, 1.09–2.96]), and prior antimicrobial exposures (OR, 3.89 [95% CI, 0.71–21.47]). Risk factors among patients screened upon hospital admission were similar to the entire cohort. Among patients screened prior to LTAC admission, the characteristics of the CRE-colonized and noncolonized patients were similar.Conclusions.These results can be used to identify patients at increased risk for CRE colonization and to help target active surveillance programs in healthcare settings.
Benchmarking the performance of department stores within an income elasticity of demand perspective
Authors: Mhatre Nehal , Joo Seong-Jong , Christopher Lee C. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purposes of this study are twofold: first, the authors attempt to confirm the effect of the income elasticity of demand in the retail industry by investigating the performance of department stores; second, the authors measure and benchmark the performance of individual department stores in order to develop strategic insights.Design/methodology/approach– The authors employ data envelopment analysis for measuring and benchmarking the relative performance of department stores by using pertinent variables collected over a five-year period – 2006-2010.Findings– The results confirmed that the luxury department stores were more sensitive to an economic cycle, and all department stores in this study demonstrated higher performance in recent years, except for one discount department store that showed consistently deteriorating performance over the observation period.Research limitations/implications– The limitations of this study include the use of financial data from companies' annual reports, along with the limited number of decision-making units and variables.Originality/value– Major contributions of this study include the confirmation of the effect of the income elasticity of demand in the retail industry in general and suggested strategic implications for specific department stores, which are not found in the current literature at the time of this study.