bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cavum Vergae with Transient Loss of Conciousness in a Child: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Uduma FU , Adams N 
Published: September 2013

Cavum vergae is a triangular fluid filled cavity posterior to foramen of Monro. They are seen in premature and term infants up to 2 months of age. It is of little clinical significance. Our patient is a 14year old girl with cavum vergae diagnosed with brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These investigations were sequel to episodes of headache and one hour loss of consciousness with no antecedent complaints. Since no complicating evidence of hydrocephalus was seen, she was managed symptomatically. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8107 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.73-76
Screening of Hyperglycemic Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Arya Awadhesh Kumar , Bihari Ritwiz , Pokharia Deepa , Kumar Hemant , Tripathi Kamlakar 
Published: September 2013

Background & objectives: It is a prospective, randomized, controlled study involving adults admitted to medical Intensive care unit (ICU) who were receiving mechanical ventilation. Methods: On admission, patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive insulin therapy (maintenance of blood sugar at a level between 80 and 110 mg/dl) and were found to have hyperglycemic. We study the clinical profile of critically ill hyperglycemic patients and associated metabolic profiles of all such patients were analyzed in relation to final outcome. Results: The benefit of intensive insulin care was from 8.0 percent with conventional treatment to 4.6 percent (P<0.04, with adjustment for sequential analyses). Intensive insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose at or below 110mg per deciliter reduced the morbidity and motility among critically ill patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Hyperglycemia was present in 38% of patient admitted to the hospital, of whom 26% had a known history of diabetes, and 12% had no history of diabetes before admission. Interpretation & conclusions: New hyperglycemic patients had a longer length of hospital stay, a higher admission rate to an intensive care unit, and were less likely to be discharged to home, frequently requiring transfer to an intermediate care unit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8507 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.63-69
Feto-maternal Outcomes in Cesarean Section Compared to Vaginal Delivery in Eclamptic Patients in a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Begum Sheuly , Islam Ferdousi , Jahan Arifa Akter 
Published: September 2013

Background: Over half-a-million women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, and 99 percent of these occur in developing countries. In Bangladesh though maternal mortality rate (MMR) declined significantly around 40% in the past decade, still eclampsia accounts for 20% of maternal deaths. Eclampsia is uniquely a disease of pregnancy, and the only cure is delivery regardless of gestational age. A rational therapy for general management of hypertension and convulsion has been established in Bangladesh by the Eclampsia Working Group. But controversy still exists regarding obstetric management. Objective: To evaluate the feto-maternal outcome in cesarean section compared to vaginal delivery in eclamptic patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the department of Obstretics & Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital (DMCH), from January to December 2011. A total 100 eclamptic women with term pregnancy and live foetus were purposively included in the study (Group I, 50 patients with vaginal delivery and Group II, 50 with cesarean section). Results: Out of these 100 patients 56% were aged <20 years, 71% were primigravida and 77% were from low socioeconomic status. Sixteen percent patients from vaginal delivery group and 18% from cesarean section group had no antenatal care. The mean gestational age was about 38 weeks in two groups. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding blood pressure, proteinuria, consciousness level and convulsion. Recurrence of convulsion occurred in 30% patients of vaginal delivery group compared to 6% in cesarean section group. Maternal complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, cerebrovascular accident, renal failure, obstetric shock and abruptio placenta were higher among vaginal delivery group patients (46%) than cesarean section patients (16%). Maternal mortality was 6% in the vaginal delivery group and none in the cesarean section group. Regarding fetal outcome, stillbirth was 20% after vaginal delivery and 6% after cesarean section, the result was statistically significant. Birth asphyxia was less in the cesarean section group (23.4%) than in vaginal delivery group (60%) and this was statistically significant. Conclusions: The result of the present study shows a better feto- maternal outcome in the cesarean section group than in the vaginal delivery group. Journal of Enam Medical College; Vol 3 No 2 July 2013; Page 77-83 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i2.16128
Le vin et les femmes : un texte méconnu de la Collection hippocratique
Authors: Villard Laurence 
Published: September 2013

Par suite d'une équivalence implicite entre le banquet et le vin, l'absence des femmes honnêtes du banquet a parfois été interprétée comme une interdiction du vin qui serait faite aux femmes grecques. Cette idée repose sur quelques textes bien connus et sur certaines données archéologiques. On commence donc par examiner ces différentes sources, ce qui permet de constater que l'interdit du vin fait aux femmes dans certaines cités ne mentionne ni législateur ni peines encourues — ce qui diffère des interdits frappant ailleurs les deux sexes — , et que les vases présents dans les tombes et destinés à la boisson du mort ne varient pas selon le sexe du défunt — ce qui diffère des sèmata funéraires qui peuvent désigner le caractère masculin (ce sera plutôt un cratère) ou féminin (ce sera plutôt une loutrophore) du mort.
Mais en plus de ces sources bien connues, il est intéressant de faire intervenir un témoignage tiré de la Collection hippocratique : l'auteur d'un des traités gynécologiques énumère en effet, parmi les symptômes révélateurs de la grossesse, le dégoût du vin et de la nourriture qui prend les femmes peu après qu'elles sont tombées enceintes. Outre l'intérêt philologique que présente l'hapax μίσοινος, ce texte montre que les épouses de citoyens dont la fécondité était si importante pour la cité buvaient du vin quand elles étaient en bonne santé, ce qui explique du reste que les médecins leur en prescrivaient tant, en cas de maladie.
Serments et institutions civiques à Cos à l'époque hellénistique
Authors: Krob Edwige 
Published: September 2013

Searching examination of Coan inscriptions mentioning civic oaths (homopoliteia between Cos and Calymnus, Coan arbitration for Telos) or magistrate oaths (accountants in a lex sacra, priestresses of Demeter, prostatai) lead to a better understanding of the functions of the oath in the Coan institutions : the one who takes it, enters into an agreement with the city and this agreement ensures, under the protection of Gods, an harmony essential to the democracy. The oaths also show that men or women who take them, are active members of the polis which remains at the Hellenistic period, in spite of Ptolemies' protectorate, an healthy community.
By comparing these inscriptions with similar documents — particularly those of Athens — we cannot surely conclude to the diffusion of Attic models of institutions at the Hellenistic period.
Preclinical Characterization of GLPG0634, a Selective Inhibitor of JAK1, for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Van Rompaey Luc , Galien René , van der Aar Ellen M. , Clement-Lacroix Philippe , Nelles Luc , Smets Bart , Lepescheux Liên , Christophe Thierry , Conrath Katja , Vandeghinste Nick , Vayssiere Béatrice , De Vos Steve , Fletcher Stephen , Brys Reginald , van ’t Klooster Gerben , Feyen Jean H. M. , Menet Christel 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The JAKs receive continued interest as therapeutic targets for autoimmune, inflammatory, and oncological diseases. JAKs play critical roles in the development and biology of the hematopoietic system, as evidenced by mouse and human genetics. JAK1 is critical for the signal transduction of many type I and type II inflammatory cytokine receptors. In a search for JAK small molecule inhibitors, GLPG0634 was identified as a lead compound belonging to a novel class of JAK inhibitors. It displayed a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor profile in biochemical assays, but subsequent studies in cellular and whole blood assays revealed a selectivity of ∼30-fold for JAK1- over JAK2-dependent signaling. GLPG0634 dose-dependently inhibited Th1 and Th2 differentiation and to a lesser extent the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. GLPG0634 was well exposed in rodents upon oral dosing, and exposure levels correlated with repression of Mx2 expression in leukocytes. Oral dosing of GLPG0634 in a therapeutic set-up in a collagen-induced arthritis model in rodents resulted in a significant dose-dependent reduction of the disease progression. Paw swelling, bone and cartilage degradation, and levels of inflammatory cytokines were reduced by GLPG0634 treatment. Efficacy of GLPG0634 in the collagen-induced arthritis models was comparable to the results obtained with etanercept. In conclusion, the JAK1 selective inhibitor GLPG0634 is a promising novel therapeutic with potential for oral treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and possibly other immune-inflammatory diseases.
Retinoic Acid Improves Defective TLR9/RP105-Induced Immune Responses in Common Variable Immunodeficiency–Derived B Cells
Authors: Indrevær Randi L. , Holm Kristine L. , Aukrust Pål , Osnes Liv T. , Naderi Elin H. , Fevang Børre , Blomhoff Heidi K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a disease that is characterized primarily by low levels of serum Igs, resulting in a high incidence of infections. It also has been associated with impaired B cell signaling via TLR9 and reduced serum levels of vitamin A. Given the established link between vitamin A deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections, we investigated the ability of the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to restore the defective immune responses in CVID-derived B cells activated through the TLRs TLR9 and RP105. We demonstrate that RA almost normalizes proliferation and IL-10 secretion in patient-derived B cells. IgG secretion is also partially restored, but to a more moderate extent. This can be explained by impaired RA-mediated isotype switching in TLR9/RP105-stimulated CVID-derived B cells owing to reduced induction of activation-induced deaminase. Accordingly, these B cells secreted higher levels of IgM than did normal B cells, and RA augmented IgM secretion. The ability of RA to improve critical immune parameters in CVID-derived B cells stimulated through TLR9 and RP105 support the possibility of combining RA with TLR stimulation for the treatment of CVID.
Tumor Suppressor p53 Inhibits Systemic Autoimmune Diseases by Inducing Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Kawashima Hirotoshi , Takatori Hiroaki , Suzuki Kotaro , Iwata Arifumi , Yokota Masaya , Suto Akira , Minamino Tohru , Hirose Koichi , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in tumor suppression by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and DNA repair. In addition to the antitumor functions of p53, accumulating evidence using systemic p53-deficient mice suggests that p53 suppresses autoimmunity. However, it remains unknown how p53 suppresses autoimmunity. In this study, we generated T cell–specific p53-deficient mice (CD4-Cre p53fl/fl mice, or p53 conditional knockout [cKO] mice) and found that aged p53-cKO mice spontaneously developed inflammatory lesions in various organs, including lung, liver, stomach, thyroid gland, submandibular gland, and kidney. Additionally, anti-nuclear Abs and autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells were detected in p53-cKO mice but not in control p53fl/fl mice (p53 wild-type mice). Importantly, the number of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen and lung as well as in vitro differentiation of induced Tregs was significantly reduced in p53-cKO mice as compared with that in p53 wild-type mice. Regarding the mechanisms underlying p53-mediated Treg induction, p53 enhanced the transcription of Foxp3 by binding to the promoter and the conserved noncoding DNA sequence-2 of the Foxp3 gene. Taken together, these results suggest that p53 expressed in T cells functions as a suppressor for autoimmunity by inducing Treg differentiation.
Lysis-on-Chip of Single Target Cells following Forced Interaction with CTLs or NK Cells on a Dielectrophoresis-Based Array
Authors: Abonnenc Melanie , Borgatti Monica , Fabbri Enrica , Gavioli Riccardo , Fortini Cinzia , Destro Federica , Altomare Luigi , Manaresi Nicolò , Medoro Gianni , Romani Aldo , Tartagni Marco , Lo Monaco Elisa , Giacomini Patrizio , Guerrieri Roberto , Gambari Roberto 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Guiding the interaction of single cells acting as partners in heterotypic interactions (e.g., effectors and targets of immune lysis) and monitoring the outcome of these interactions are regarded as crucial biomedical achievements. In this study, taking advantage of a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based Laboratory-on-a-chip platform (the DEPArray), we show that it is possible to generate closed DEP cages entrapping CTLs and NK cells as either single cells or clusters; reversibly immobilize a single virus-presenting or tumor cell within the chip at a selected position; move cages and their content to predetermined spatial coordinates by software-guided routing; force a cytotoxic effector to physically interact with a putative target within a secluded area by merging their respective cages; generate cages containing effector and target cells at predetermined E:T ratios; accurately assess cytotoxicity by real-time quantitation of the release kinetics of the fluorescent dye calcein from target cells (&gt;50 lytic events may be tested simultaneously); estimate end points of calcein release within 16 min of initial E:T cell contact; simultaneously deliver Ab-based phenotyping and on-chip lysis assessment; and identify lytic and nonlytic E:T combinations and discriminate nonlytic effector phenotypes from target refractoriness to immune lysis. The proof of principle is provided that DEPArray technology, previously used to levitate and move single cells, can be used to identify highly lytic antiviral CTLs and tumor cells that are particularly refractory to NK cell lysis. These findings are of primary interest in targeted immunotherapy.
Stable CD4 Expression and Local Immune Activation in the Ectocervical Mucosa of HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Hirbod Taha , Kimani Joshua , Tjernlund Annelie , Cheruiyot Juliana , Petrova Anna , Ball Terry B. , Mugo Nelly , Jaoko Walter , Plummer Francis A. , Kaul Rupert , Broliden Kristina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStudies using genital tissue samples from HIV-infected women might provide important information about HIV susceptibility and transmission. In this study, ectocervical biopsies were obtained from 20 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) Kenyan female sex workers (FSW) and 20 HIV-seronegative lower risk (HIV− LR) women. To control for the impact of sex work, 20 HIV− FSW were also recruited. Immune molecules were assessed in situ by immunohistochemistry and for mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. The HIV+ women were reportedly infected for a median of 3 y (1–21 y), with a median viral load of 11,735 copies/ml (20–648,000 copies/ml). These women had significantly lower CD4 blood cell counts than the HIV− LR women but comparable levels of CD4 expression in ectocervix. Whereas cellular markers were similar between the HIV+ group and the HIV− LR women, the HIV-binding molecules CCR5, dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor as well as the inflammatory markers CD69, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-22 were significantly upregulated in the HIV+ group. As compared with the HIV− FSW women, the HIV+ women had significantly upregulated levels of CD4, CD3, CCR5, Langerin, dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3–grabbing nonintegrin, and mannose receptor as well as inflammatory cytokines. The CD4 cell depletion previously seen in the gut mucosa of HIV-infected individuals was thus not observed in the ectocervical mucosa. Stable CD4 cell expression and local immune activation in the lower female genital tract may promote viral replication and genital shedding and increase the risk of sexual HIV transmission.
Stress, risque suicidaire et annonce de son homosexualité
Authors: Charbonnier Élodie , Graziani Pierluigi 
Published: September 2013

Cette recherche vise à mieux comprendre le risque suicidaire élevé des jeunes lesbiennes et gays. Pour cela, nous avons évalué les liens pouvant exister entre leur risque suicidaire et l’important stress qu’elles et ils ressentent lors de la divulgation de leur homosexualité. Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 15 jeunes se disant lesbiennes ou gays. Au sein de notre échantillon, trois jeunes avaient fait une tentative de suicide, dont deux en lien avec l’annonce de leur homosexualité. Nos résultats démontrent que cette divulgation# être génératrice d’une importante détresse et conduire certains jeunes à avoir envie de mettre fin à leurs jours, essentiellement lorsqu’elle donne lieu à des attitudes négatives. Mais elle peut aussi être source de libération et de bien-être, notamment lorsqu’elle conduit le jeune à bénéficier d’un soutien plus important.
La construction de soi chez les adolescents : Une histoire d’ouverture et de temps
Authors: Soulière Marguerite 
Published: September 2013

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la construction de soi des adolescents garçons. Après une mise en contexte sociopolitique et théorique de l’adolescence, il présente la démarche méthodologique d’une étude ayant pour objectif de comprendre l’adolescence des garçons de l’intérieur : une conjugaison de divers modes de collecte et d’analyse de données (création vidéos, interactions, entretiens de groupe et entrevues individuelles). Il rapporte que pour les garçons le processus de croissance qu’ils vivent entre 14 et 17 ans se représente en processus d’ouvertures : ouverture de soi, ouverture aux autres et ouverture au monde. L’adolescence se vit aussi dans une tension de double temporalité : un temps éminemment présent et un temps tourné vers l’avenir. Finalement, l’ethnographie présentée conduit à une discussion plus spécifique touchant l’identité masculine. Il est proposé d’ouvrir ce concept à l’idée de subjectivité plurielle, un processus individuel et collectif, toujours en mouvement et en interaction avec le contexte sociopolitique.
Modèles d’éducation, virilité ostentatoire et déficit d’expression de l’intime dans la construction sociale de la masculinité en Martinique
Authors: Cantacuzène Roger 
Published: September 2013

L’analyse des entretiens d’une enquête exploratoire sur la socialisation masculine conduit à émettre l’hypothèse que la socialisation des hommes martiniquais est marquée par la quasi-absence d’apprentissage de l’expression de l’intime et la sur-expression codifiée de la virilité ostentatoire. Ainsi, le jeune mâle ne bénéficierait pas de la transmission d’un mode de communication lié à l’intime, les cadres traditionnels de l’apprentissage relationnel constituant des vecteurs de répression ou de refoulement de l’intime.
Ce non-apprentissage ou ce refoulement de l’expression de l’intime ont un coût élevé en termes de mal-être personnel et de conflictualité interpersonnelle.
Health Administration
Authors: Hughes David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This entry considers the changing nature of health care administration, and contemporary discourses surrounding administration and management It discusses the global rise of rationalized management practices influenced by managed care and the new public management, and the growing preoccupation with performance and accountability. These developments are impacting on the content of administrative work and manager/professional relationships. Although health care administration was traditionally associated with the image of work in the Weberian bureaucracy, many administrators are now employed in market enterprises or hybrid institutions involving elements of network organization and decentralized regulation.
Aging and Gender
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Aging involves important physiological, psychological, and social changes. Though some of these changes and their consequences are universal, others vary substantially across and within socio‐demographic groups. In particular, meanings and experiences of aging are strongly influenced by gender. In this entry, the first section will address theoretical approaches to studying aging and gender, in particular feminist gerontology and the life course framework. The second section will discuss several important changes and challenges encountered during aging and how these are experienced differently by men and women. Important changes encountered during aging involve health and changes to the body, marriage and family, and retirement. The final section addresses important topics for future research.
Decentering the Ivory Tower: A University of the Poor
Authors: Selvaraj Shivaani A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article traces the author's personal reflections on the complexity and contradictions inherent in working for social change. She describes her experiences of movement‐based learning and organizing to end poverty in the United States, concluding that radical adult educators cannot afford to be based solely within the academy, divorced from spaces that rest on a love of learning for the purpose of liberation.
Amino Acid‐Derived Phosphonium Salts‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Liu Qin , Liu Yong , Wang Qun , Zhang Ying , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Zhao Gang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA new type of phosphonium phase‐transfer catalyst prepared from easily available chiral amino acids was evaluated in a model reaction between oxindole and methyl vinyl ketone, and the catalyst derived from isoleucine was found to be the best. Michael additions of 3‐monosubstituted oxindoles to methyl vinyl ketone, acrolein or propargyl aldehyde proceeded smoothly to afford 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles in good to excellent yields with moderate to excellent ees.magnified image
Regio‐ and Stereochemical Controlled Koenigs–Knorr‐Type Monoglycosylation of Secondary Hydroxy Groups in Carbohydrates Utilizing the High Site Recognition Ability of Organotin Catalysts
Authors: Muramatsu Wataru , Yoshimatsu Hirofumi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe catalytic regio‐ and stereoselective monoglycosylation of carbohydrates using organotin catalysts is demonstrated. The one‐step reaction affords various oligosaccharides linked at the secondary hydroxy group in high chemical yield and good regio‐ and stereoselectivities. The regioselectivity of the glycosylation is shown to depend on the spatial arrangement of the hydroxy groups in the carbohydrates.magnified image