bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol fails to reverse hypothermia or locomotor suppression induced by Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Taffe Michael A , Creehan Kevin M , Vandewater Sophia A 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeGrowing evidence shows cannabidiol (CBD) modulates some of the effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD is a constituent of some strains of recreational cannabis but its content is highly variable. High CBD strains may have less memory‐impairing effects than low‐CBD strains and CBD can reverse behavioural effects of THC in monkeys. CBD/THC interactions in rodents are more complicated as CBD can attenuate or exacerbate the effects of THC. This study was undertaken to determine if CBD could reverse hypothermia or hypolocomotor effects caused by THC in rats.Experimental ApproachesMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were prepared with radiotelemetry devices and then given doses of THC (10–30 mg·kg−1, i.p.) with or without CBD. Experiments determined the effect of simultaneous or 30 min pretreatment with CBD in a 1:1 ratio with THC, as well as the effect of CBD in a 3:1 ratio. Additional experiments determined the effects of pretreatment with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (rimonabant).Key ResultsCBD did not attentuate THC‐induced hypothermia or hypolocomotion but instead exaggerated these effects in some conditions. The antagonist SR141716 blocked hypolocomotor effects of THC for the first hour after injection and the hypothermia for 6 h; thus validating the pharmacological model.Conclusions and ImplicationsThere is no evidence from this study that elevated CBD content in cannabis could provide protection from the physiological effects of THC, in rats.
CXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 binds to an intrahelical site distinct from that of the broad spectrum antagonist TAK‐779
Authors: Nedjai Belinda , Viney Jonathan M , Li Hubert , Hull Caroline , Anderson Caroline A , Horie Tomoki , Horuk Richard , Vaidehi Nagarajan , Pease James E 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeThe chemokine receptor CXCR3 is implicated in a variety of clinically important diseases, notably rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. Consequently, antagonists of CXCR3 are of therapeutic interest. In this study, we set out to characterize binding sites of the specific low MW CXCR3 antagonist VUF10085 and the broad spectrum antagonist TAK‐779 which blocks CXCR3 along with CCR2 and CCR5.Experimental ApproachMolecular modelling of CXCR3, followed by virtual ligand docking, highlighted several CXCR3 residues likely to contact either antagonist, notably a conserved aspartate in helix 2 (Asp‐1122:63), which was postulated to interact with the quaternary nitrogen of TAK‐779. Validation of modelling was carried out by site‐directed mutagenesis of CXCR3, followed by assays of cell surface expression, ligand binding and receptor activation.Key ResultsMutation of Asn‐1323.33, Phe‐207 and Tyr‐2716.51 within CXCR3 severely impaired both ligand binding and chemotactic responses, suggesting that these residues are critical for maintenance of a functional CXCR3 conformation. Contrary to our hypothesis, mutation of Asp‐1122:63 had no observable effects on TAK‐779 activity, but clearly decreased the antagonist potency of VUF 10085. Likewise, mutations of Phe‐1313.32, Ile‐2796.59 and Tyr‐3087.43 were well tolerated and were critical for the antagonist activity of VUF 10085 but not for that of TAK‐779.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis more detailed definition of a binding pocket within CXCR3 for low MW antagonists should facilitate the rational design of newer CXCR3 antagonists, with obvious clinical potential.
Thermal evolution and shale gas potential estimation of the Wealden and Posidonia Shale in NW‐Germany and the Netherlands: a 3D basin modelling study
Authors: Bruns B. , Littke R. , Gasparik M. , van Wees J.‐D. , Nelskamp S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSedimentary basins in NW‐Germany and the Netherlands represent potential targets for shale gas exploration in Europe due to the presence of Cretaceous (Wealden) and Jurassic (Posidonia) marlstones/shales as well as various Carboniferous black shales. In order to assess the regional shale gas prospectivity of this area, a 3D high‐resolution petroleum system model has been compiled and used to reconstruct the source‐rock maturation based on calibrated burial and thermal histories. Different basal heat flow scenarios and accordingly, different high‐resolution scenarios of erosional amount distribution were constructed, incorporating all major uplift events that affected the study area. The model delivers an independent 3D reappraisal of the tectonic and thermal history that controlled the differential geodynamic evolution and provides a high‐resolution image of the maturity distribution and evolution throughout the study area and the different basins. Pressure, temperature and TOC‐dependent gas storage capacity and gas contents of the Posidonia Shale and Wealden were calculated based on experimentally derived Langmuir sorption parameters and newly compiled source‐rock thickness maps indicating shale gas potential of the Lower Saxony Basin, southern Gifhorn Trough and West Netherlands Basin.
The Roles of Intuition and Informants’ Expertise in Children's Epistemic Trust
Authors: Lane Jonathan D. , Harris Paul L. 
Published: November 2014

This study examined how children's intuitions and informants’ expertise influence children's trust in informants’ claims. Three‐ to 8‐year‐olds (N = 192) watched videos in which experts (animal/biology experts or artifact/physics experts) made either intuitively plausible or counterintuitive claims about obscure animals or artifacts. Claims fell either within or beyond experts’ domains of expertise. Children of all ages were more trusting of claims made by informants with relevant, as opposed to irrelevant, expertise. Children also showed greater acceptance of intuitive rather than counterintuitive claims, a differentiation that increased with age as they developed firmer intuitions about what can ordinarily happen. In summary, children's trust in testimony depends on whether informants have the relevant expertise as well as on children's own developing intuitions.
PRMT5 enhances generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from dairy goat embryonic fibroblasts via down‐regulation of p53
Authors: Chu Z. , Niu B. , Zhu H. , He X. , Bai C. , Li G. , Hua J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), is thought to play a role in epigenetic reprogramming of mouse germ cells. However, up to now there has been little information concerning its expression profile and effects on generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells, in livestock. Here, we have explored PRMT5 expression profiles in dairy goats and its consequences to derivation of iPSCs from dairy goat embryonic fibroblasts (GEFs).Materials and methodsWe investigated effects of PRMT5 on iPS‐like cells production in vitro. alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, QRT‐PCR and western blotting analysis of expression of related markers were used to evaluate efficiency of generation of iPSCs derived from GEFs.ResultsThese showed PRMT5 to be a conservative gene widely expressed in various tissues and different‐aged testes. PRMT5 overexpression in combination with OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4 and C‐MYC (POSKM) significantly increased number of AP positive iPS‐like colony‐derived GEFs compared to OSKM alone, in our dairy goats. Moreover, our results demonstrated that PRMT5 overexpression stimulated GEF proliferation and down‐regulated p53, p21 (a target gene of p53) and the apoptotic marker caspase 3, to enhance somatic cell reprogramming.ConclusionThis study provides an efficient model for future studies on mechanisms underlying goat somatic cell reprogramming and differentiation.
Hyperpigmentation in palms associated with lung adenocarcinoma resolving after chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Fengying , Su Chunxia , Liu Li , Xu Jianfang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and AimHyperpigmentation is a kind of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with lung cancer. Diffuse hyperpigmentation was reported and generally resulted from overproduction of melanocyte‐stimulating hormone or adrenocorticotropic hormone. However, localized hyperpigmentation is rare for lung cancer.MethodsHere, we report a 56‐year‐old lung adenocarcinoma patient who developed hyperpigmentation in two palms about 3 months preceding the diagnosis and resolved gradually with the shrink of the primary tumours in lung after chemotherapy.ResultLocalized hyperpigmentation suggests that another mechanism might be involved.ConclusionThe case reminds us that any skin disorders without obvious causes in heavy smokers should be alerted as a sign of lung cancer and sometimes could be used as a marker of response to the treatment.
Single‐dose new insulin glargine 300 U/ml provides prolonged, stable glycaemic control in Japanese and European people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Shiramoto M. , Eto T. , Irie S. , Fukuzaki A. , Teichert L. , Tillner J. , Takahashi Y. , Koyama M. , Dahmen R. , Heise T. , Becker R. H. A. 
Published: November 2014

AimsTwo single‐dose studies were conducted in Japan and Europe to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of new insulin glargine 300 U/ml (Gla‐300) and insulin glargine 100 U/ml (Gla‐100) in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsIn two double‐blind, randomized, crossover studies, 18 Japanese participants (aged 20–65 years) and 24 European participants (aged 18–65 years) with glycated haemoglobin levels ≤9.0% (≤75 mmol/mol) received single subcutaneous doses of Gla‐300, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 U/kg (0.9 U/kg in the European study only), and Gla‐100, 0.4 U/kg. A 36‐h euglycaemic clamp procedure was performed after each dosing.ResultsThe serum insulin glargine concentration (INS) and glucose infusion rate (GIR) developed more gradually into more constant and prolonged profiles with Gla‐300 than with Gla‐100. In support of this, the times to 50% of glargine exposure and insulin activity were longer for all Gla‐300 doses than for Gla‐100 during the 36‐h clamp period, indicating a more evenly distributed exposure and metabolic effect beyond 24 h. Exposure to insulin glargine and glucose utilization were lower with the 0.4 and 0.6 U/ml Gla‐300 doses in both studies compared with the 0.4 U/ml Gla‐100 dose. Glucose‐lowering activity was detected for up to 36 h with all doses of Gla‐300.ConclusionsSingle‐dose injections of Gla‐300 present more constant and prolonged PK and PD profiles compared with Gla‐100, maintaining blood glucose control for up to 36 h in euglycaemic clamp settings in Japanese and European participants with type 1 diabetes.
Regardless of the degree of glycaemic control, linagliptin has lower hypoglycaemia risk than all doses of glimepiride, at all time points, over the course of a 2‐year trial
Authors: Gallwitz B. , Rosenstock J. , Patel S. , von Eynatten M. , Hehnke U. , Mehlburger L. , Dugi K. A. , Woerle H.‐J. 
Published: November 2014

AimTo evaluate the risk of documented hypoglycaemia with glimepiride versus linagliptin.MethodsThis was an exploratory analysis of data from a 2‐year, randomized, double‐blind study of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg once daily (n = 764) versus the sulphonylurea glimepiride 1–4 mg once daily (n = 755) in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin. Patients randomized to glimepiride started on 1 mg and after 4 weeks were allowed to be individually uptitrated stepwise to glimepiride 4 mg if a fasting plasma glucose concentration ≤6.1 mmol/l was not achieved. Investigator‐reported hypoglycaemia was evaluated by dose, over time, and by the degree of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction.ResultsThe percentages of patients with at least one hypoglycaemic event at the individual maximum glimepiride dose were: 1 mg, 45.0%; 2 mg, 50.8%; 3 mg, 36.1%; and 4 mg, 27.7%. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was higher with glimepiride than with linagliptin (36.1 vs. 7.5%; p < 0.0001); after performing sensitivity analyses by excluding events during dose escalation (weeks 0–16), this difference remained significant (weeks 16–104: 25.8 vs. 5.9%; p < 0.0001). Notably, the incidence of hypoglycaemia was higher with glimepiride than with linagliptin in each quartile of HbA1c change from baseline (all p < 0.0001); the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes was not increased with greater reductions in HbA1c in either group. In all 4‐week intervals across the 2‐year study, the incidence of hypoglycaemia was lower with linagliptin than with glimepiride.ConclusionLinagliptin was associated with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia than glimepiride at all dose levels and time intervals, and regardless of change in HbA1c level.
Intellectualist Aristotelian Character Education: An Outline and Assessment
Authors: Ferkany Matt , Creed Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSince its resurgence in the 1990s, character education has been subject to a bevy of common criticisms, including that it is didactic and crudely behaviorist; premised on a faulty trait psychology; victim‐blaming; culturally imperialist, racist, religious, or ideologically conservative; and many other horrible things besides. Matt Ferkany and Benjamin Creed examine an intellectualist Aristotelian form of character education that has gained popularity recently and find that it is largely not susceptible to such criticisms. In this form, character education is education for practically intelligent virtue, or the intrinsically motivated and psychically harmonious exercise of robust and stable traits involving practical intelligence conducive to individual and collective human flourishing.
Figures of Disengagement: Charles Taylor, Scientific Parenting, and the Paradox of Late Modernity
Authors: Van den Berge Luc , Ramaekers Stefan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this essay Luc Van den Berge and Stefan Ramaekers take the idea(l) of “scientific parenting” as an example of ambiguities that are typical of our late‐modern condition. On the one hand, parenting seems like a natural thing to do, which makes “scientific parenting” sound like an oxymoron; on the other hand, a disengaged stance informed by the latest scientific findings is uncritically demanded of parents, as such an approach is conceived of as a panacea. Instead of taking sides in this discussion, the authors seek a way to make sense of it, drawing upon the work of Charles Taylor, who offers a striking account of our contingent modern condition as well as of our ontological human constitution. They focus particularly on two examples Taylor gives where the contingent self‐understanding does not coincide with our timeless human features. This opens a space for what might be considered paradoxes in our late‐modern Western culture. This essay thus confronts Taylor's philosophy with the new parenting discourse to reveal how our moral horizons have evolved. Following this approach, the authors both expand on Taylor's thinking about our late modernity and at the same time try to assess the new scientific parenting discourse.
Evaluation of candidal colonization and specific humoral responses against Candida albicans in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Taheri Sarvtin Mehdi , Shokohi Tahereh , Hajheydari Zohreh , Yazdani Jamshid , Hedayati Mohammad T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that can considerably affect a patient's quality of life. Environmental and genetic factors, as well as superantigens and toxins from Candida species, may play various roles in the exacerbation and persistence of psoriasis. In the present study, we evaluated candidal colonization and specific humoral responses against Candida albicans in patients with psoriasis.MethodsA total of 100 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 50 healthy control individuals were enrolled in the study. Skin and oral specimens from all participants were cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium. Isolated yeast‐like fungi were identified using the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against C. albicans in sera of patients and healthy individuals.ResultsCandida species were isolated from the skin of 15% of patients and 4% of controls and from oral specimens of 60% of patients and 20% of controls. There was a significant difference in candidal colonization between patients and controls (P < 0.05). Serum IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against C. albicans were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between serum levels of specific antibodies against C. albicans or the frequency of candidal colonization with the clinical severity of the disease (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the present study show a higher rate of candidal colonization in patients with psoriasis in comparison with controls and a reduction in humoral immune responses in patients.
Dextrin, sugar and organic acid profiles of spontaneous and modified gowe: a malted and fermented sorghum beverage from Benin
Authors: Vieira‐Dalodé Générose , Akissoé Noël , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph , Jakobsen Mogens , Mestres Christian 
Published: November 2014

SummaryGowé is a traditional Beninese fermented red sorghum beverage made from a blend of malted and precooked nonmalted flour. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the degradation of starch during the production of gowé and to characterise the organic acid and sugar profiles of the product obtained using starter cultures. Inoculation was performed with strains of Lactobacillus fermentum or Weissella confusa and of Kluyveromyces marxianus or Pichia anomala used singly or in combination. Size exclusion chromatography revealed that starch was hydrolysed into high molecular weight dextrins (DP over 35), oligosaccharides and glucose, mainly due to the malting and precooking steps. Glucose was the main free sugar, and lactic acid was the main organic acid. The choice of the inoculation strain directly influenced the acidity but also indirectly the sugar content of the resulting gowé and will thus affect consumer acceptability.
Anemia on Admission Predicts Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Milionis Haralampos , Papavasileiou Vasileios , Eskandari Ashraf , D'Ambrogio-Remillard Suzette , Ntaios George , Michel Patrik 
Published: November 2014

Background It is still debatable whether anemia predicts stroke outcome. Aim To describe the characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and anemia and identify whether hemoglobin status on admission is a prognostic factor of AIS outcome. Methods All 2439 patients of the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL) between January 2003 and June 2011 were selected. Demographics, risk factors, prestroke treatment, clinical, radiological and metabolic variables in patients with and without anemia according to the definition of the World Health Organization were compared. Functional disability and mortality were recorded up to 12 months from admission. Results Anemic patients (17·5%) were older, had lower body mass index, higher rates of coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease. Anemia was associated with more severe stroke manifestations, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, worse estimated glomerular filtration rate and elevated C-reactive protein concentrations upon admission and with increased modified Rankin scores during the follow-up. Anemic patients had higher 7-day, 3-month and 12-month mortality, which was associated with hemoglobin status and other factors, including age, CAD, stroke severity, and baseline C-reactive levels. Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with recurrent stroke and mortality throughout the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Anemia is common among AIS patients and is associated with cardiovascular comorbidities. Low hemoglobin status independently predicts short and long-term mortality.
A prospective, randomised, controlled, multi‐centre comparative effectiveness study of healing using dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane allograft, bioengineered skin substitute or standard of care for treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers
Authors: Zelen Charles M , Gould Lisa , Serena Thomas E , Carter Marissa J , Keller Jennifer , Li William W 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, multi‐centre clinical trial was conducted at three sites to compare the healing effectiveness of treatment of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers with either weekly applications of Apligraf® (Organogenesis, Inc., Canton, MA), EpiFix® (MiMedx Group, Inc., Marietta, GA), or standard wound care with collagen‐alginate dressing. The primary study outcome was the percent change in complete wound healing after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included percent change in wound area per week, velocity of wound closure and a calculation of the amount and cost of Apligraf or EpiFix used. A total of 65 subjects entered the 2‐week run‐in period and 60 were randomised (20 per group). The proportion of patients in the EpiFix group achieving complete wound closure within 4 and 6 weeks was 85% and 95%, significantly higher (all adjusted P‐values ≤ 0·003) than for patients receiving Apligraf (35% and 45%), or standard care (30% and 35%). After 1 week, wounds treated with EpiFix had reduced in area by 83·5% compared with 53·1% for wounds treated with Apligraf. Median time to healing was significantly faster (all adjusted P‐values ≤0·001) with EpiFix (13 days) compared to Apligraf (49 days) or standard care (49 days). The mean number of grafts used and the graft cost per patient were lower in the EpiFix group campared to the Apligraf group, at 2·15 grafts at a cost of $1669 versus 6·2 grafts at a cost of $9216, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the clinical and resource utilisation superiority of EpiFix compared to Apligraf or standard of care, for the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities.
Phase Formation and Enhanced Dielectric Response of Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 Ceramics Derived from the Sol–Gel Process
Authors: Li Junwei , Liang Pengfei , Yi Jing , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei 
Published: November 2014

Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO) ceramics were successfully synthesized by sol–gel method (SG) and solid‐state method (SS), respectively. The optimized processing parameters for the syntheses of precursor powders by sol–gel process were determined as follows: the Ti(OC4H9)4 concentration was 0.50 mol/L, the CH3COOH volume was 8 mL, and the volume percentage of H2O was 11.2%. Particularly, on the basis of XRD and TG‐DSC analyses, the phase formation temperature of YCTO‐SG was at least 100°C lower than that of YCTO‐SS. YCTO‐SG ceramics sintered at 1060°C for 25 h showed fine‐grained microstructure, and higher dielectric constant (ε′ ≈ 5.24 × 104) at 1 kHz compared to YCTO‐SS ceramics (ε′ ≈ 0.93 × 104). The higher dielectric constant of the YCTO‐SG ceramics was attributed to the grain size effect. Furthermore, the YCTO‐SG ceramics showed a distinct high‐temperature (>300°C) relaxor‐like behavior. According to the calculated activation energy value, the single ionization of oxygen vacancies was responsible for the conduction and dielectric anomaly behaviors of YCTO‐SG ceramics.