bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden and risk factors of ventriculostomy occlusion in a high-volume cerebrovascular practice: results of an ongoing prospective database
Authors: Fargen Kyle M. , Hoh Brian L. , Neal Dan , O’connor Timothy , Rivera-Zengotita Marie , Murad Gregory J. A. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Ventriculostomy occlusion is a known complication after external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. There have been no prospective published series that primarily evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for EVD occlusion. These phenomena are investigated using a prospective database.

METHODS
An ongoing prospective study of all patients undergoing frontal EVD placement in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit at the University of Florida was accessed for the purposes of this analysis. Demographic, procedural, and radiographic data were recorded prospectively and retrospectively. The need for catheter irrigation or replacement was meticulously documented. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Ninety-eight of 101 total enrolled patients had accessible data, amounting to 131 total catheters and 1076 total catheter days. Nineteen percent of patients required at least 1 replacement. Forty-one percent of catheters developed at least 1 temporary occlusion, with an average of 2.4 irrigations per patient. Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 28% of patients after the first EVD placement (2% resulting in new neurological deficit) and in 62% of patients after 1 replacement. The cost of occlusion is estimated at $615 per enrolled patient. Therapeutic anticoagulation and use of small EVD catheters were statistically significant predictors of permanent occlusion (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
EVD occlusion is frequent and imparts a significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, physician upkeep, and cost. This study suggests that developing strategies or devices to prevent EVD occlusion, such as the preferential use of larger diameter catheters, may be beneficial in reducing the burden associated with ventriculostomy malfunction.
Early versus late Gamma Knife radiosurgery following transsphenoidal resection for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas: a matched cohort study
Authors: Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Dallapiazza Robert F. , Xu Zhiyuan , Jane John A. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is frequently employed to treat residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas. There is no consensus as to whether GKRS should be used early after surgery or if radiosurgery should be withheld until there is evidence of radiographic progression of tumor.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of patients with nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas who underwent transsphenoidal surgery followed by GKRS between 1996 and 2013 at the University of Virginia Health System. Patients were stratified based on the interval between resection and radiosurgery. Operative results and imaging and clinical outcomes were compared across groups following early (≤ 6 months) or late (> 6 months) radiosurgery.

RESULTS
Sixty-four patients met the study criteria and were grouped based on early (n = 32) or late (n = 32) GKRS following transsphenoidal resection. There was a greater risk of tumor progression after GKRS in the late radiosurgical group (p = 0.027) over a median radiographic follow-up period of 68.5 months. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher occurrence of post-GKRS endocrinopathy in the late radiosurgical cohort (p = 0.041). Seventeen percent of patients without endocrinopathy in the early cohort developed new endocrinopathies during the follow-up period versus 64% in the late cohort (p = 0.036). This difference was primarily due to a significantly higher rate of tumor growth during the observation period of the late treatment cohort (p = 0.014). Of these patients with completely new endocrinopathies, radiation-associated pituitary insufficiency developed in 1 of 2 patients in the early group and in 3 of 7 (42.9%) patients in the late group.

CONCLUSIONS
Early treatment with GKRS appears to decrease the rate of radiographic and symptomatic progression of subtotally resected nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas compared with late GKRS treatment after a period of expectant management. Delaying radiosurgery may place the patient at increased risk for adenoma progression and endocrinopathy.
Use of subtransverse process polyester bands in pediatric spine surgery: a case series of 4 patients with a minimum of 12 months’ follow-up
Authors: Strickland Ben A. , Sayama Christina , Briceño Valentina , Lam Sandi K. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
In a previous study, the authors reported on their experience with the use of sublaminar polyester bands as part of segmental spinal constructs. However, the risk of neurological complications with sublaminar passage of instrumentation, such as spinal cord injury, limits the use of this technique. The present study reports the novel use of subtransverse process polyester bands in posterior instrumented spinal fusions of the thoracic and lumbar spines and sacrum or ilium in 4 patients.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the demographic and procedural data of patients who had undergone posterior instrumented fusion using subtransverse process polyester bands.

RESULTS
Four patients, ranging in age from 11 to 22 years, underwent posterior instrumented fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis (3 patients) and thoracic hyperkyphosis (1 patient). There were 3 instances of transverse process fracture, with application and tensioning of the polyester band in 1 patient. Importantly, there was no instance of spinal cord injury with subtransverse process passage of the polyester band. The lessons learned from this technique are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS
This study has shown the “Eleghia” technique of passing subtransverse process bands to be a technically straightforward and neurologically safe method of spinal fixation. Pedicle screws, laminar/pedicle/transverse process hooks, and sublaminar metal wires/bands have been incorporated into posterior spinal constructs; they have been widely reported and used in the thoracic and lumbar spines and sacrum or ilium with varying success. This report demonstrates the promising results of hybrid posterior spinal constructs that include the Eleghia technique of passing subtransverse process polyester bands. This technique incorporates technical ease with minimal risk of neurological injury and biomechanical stability.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during endoscopic endonasal surgery for pediatric skull base tumors
Authors: Elangovan Cheran , Singh Supriya Palwinder , Gardner Paul , Snyderman Carl , Tyler-Kabara Elizabeth C. , Habeych Miguel , Crammond Donald , Balzer Jeffrey , Thirumala Parthasarathy D. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) using electromyography (EMG), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to predict and/or prevent postoperative neurological deficits in pediatric patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for skull base tumors.

METHODS
All consecutive pediatric patients with skull base tumors who underwent EES with at least 1 modality of IONM (BAEP, SSEP, and/or EMG) at our institution between 1999 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Staged procedures and repeat procedures were identified and analyzed separately. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of significant free-run EMG activity, the prevalence of cranial nerve (CN) deficits and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.

RESULTS
A total of 129 patients underwent 159 procedures; 6 patients had a total of 9 CN deficits. The incidences of CN deficits based on the total number of nerves monitored in the groups with and without significant free-run EMG activity were 9% and 1.5%, respectively. The incidences of CN deficits in the groups with 1 staged and more than 1 staged EES were 1.5% and 29%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values (with 95% confidence intervals) of significant EMG to detect CN deficits in repeat procedures were 0.55 (0.22–0.84), 0.86 (0.79–0.9), and 0.97 (0.92–0.99), respectively. Two patients had significant changes in their BAEPs that were reversible with an increase in mean arterial pressure.

CONCLUSIONS
IONM can be applied effectively and reliably during EES in children. EMG monitoring is specific for detecting CN deficits and can be an effective guide for dissecting these procedures. Triggered EMG should be elicited intraoperatively to check the integrity of the CNs during and after tumor resection. Given the anatomical complexity of pediatric EES and the unique challenges encountered, multimodal IONM can be a valuable adjunct to these procedures.
Salix transect of Europe: latitudinal patterns in willow diversity from Greece to arctic Norway
Authors: Cronk Quentin , Ruzzier Enrico , Belyaeva Irina , Percy Diana 
Published: October 2015

Willows (Salix spp.) are ecosystem "foundation species" that are hosts to large numbers of associated insects. Determining their patterns of distribution across Europe is therefore of interest for understanding the spatial distribution of associated fauna. The aim of this study was to record species composition at multiple sites on a long latitudinal gradient (megatransect) across Europe as a baseline for the future detailed analysis of insect fauna at these sites. In this way we used willow stands as comparable mesocosms in which to study floristic and faunistic changes with latitude across Europe.
To determine spatial patterning of an ecologically important group on a latitudinal gradient across Europe, we sampled willows at the stand level in 42 sites, approximately 100 km apart, from the Aegean (38.8°N) to the Arctic Ocean (70.6°N), but at a similar longitude (21.2 to 26.1°E). The sites were predominantly lowland (elevations 1 to 556 metres amsl, median = 95 m) and wet (associated with rivers, lakes, drainage ditches or wet meadows). The median number of willow taxa (species and hybrids) per stand was four, and varied from one to nine. There is a progressive increase in willow diversity from south to north with the median number of taxa per stand in southern Europe being three, and in northern Europe six. A total of 20 willow species were recorded, along with 12 hybrids. The most widespread willow in the transect was Salix alba L. (occurring in 20 sites out of 42) followed by S. triandra L. (15 sites), S. caprea L., S. phylicifolia L. (14 sites) and S. myrsinifolia Salisb., Salix ×fragilis L. (13 sites). Voucher specimens from this study are deposited in the herbaria of the Natural History Museum (BM) and the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K). These samples provide a "snapshot" of willow diversity along a latitudinal gradient and an indication of the geographically changing taxonomic diversity that is presented to willow-feeding herbivores across Europe. It is anticipated that further papers will examine the insect fauna collected from these sites as part of this study.
From a Medical Problem to a Health Experience: How Nursing Students Think in Clinical Situations
Authors: Boyer Louise , Tardif Jacques , Lefebvre Hélène 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Nursing clinical judgment (NCJ) is a core competency that must be developed in nursing education. The objective of this study is to explore the development of NCJ among undergraduate nursing students, according to teachers and preceptors.

Method:
The collaborative group, composed of three educators, three nurse preceptors, and one researcher, analyzed six situations in which students in the program were assessed for NCJ.

Results:
Key learnings and development indicators were identified for each of the three levels of NCJ development. Reasoning process, type of relationships with patients and their families, perception of the nursing role, and reflection are parameters of NCJ that exert a mutual influence and evolve from one level to the next.

Conclusion:

Knowing this evolution can help educators to plan the curriculum, select effective teaching methods, and provide feedback that will support NCJ development. For students, these developmental markers support self-evaluation with a view to self-regulation. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(11):625–632.]
Exploring Unplanned Curriculum Drift
Authors: Woods Andrew 
Published: October 2015

Background:
This study explored the opportunities for quality enhancement in teaching and learning by examining unplanned curriculum drift in an undergraduate nursing course. Curriculum drift is defined here as a process whereby the learning experiences associated with a curriculum do not match the specific syllabus, vision, or intentions associated with attaining desired outcomes for nursing students.

Method:
Staff involved in the implementation of a new innovative Bachelor of Nursing curriculum at an Australian regional university were surveyed to explore their perceptions and knowledge of key philosophical and pedagogical concepts associated with a planned curriculum. A constructivist case study approach was used to explore curriculum drift.

Results:
Survey responses revealed that staff actions were inconsistent with their interpretations of concepts underlying the proposed curriculum.

Conclusion:

It is proposed that the discrepancy is a contributing factor in curricular drift, where the potential to achieve desired learning outcomes associated with innovative curricula is compromised by a drift to preinnovative or unplanned states. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(11):641–644.]
Stages of Change and Patient Activation Measure Scores in the Context of Incentive-Based Health Interventions
Authors: Becker Nora V. , Asch David A. , Kullgren Jeffrey T. , Bellamy Scarlett L. , Sen Aditi P. , Volpp Kevin G. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose. To determine if two widely used behavioral change measures—Stages of Change (SoC) and Patient Activation Measure (PAM)—correlate with each other, are affected by financial incentives, or predict positive outcomes in the context of incentive-based health interventions. Design. Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials of incentives for weight loss and for improved diabetes self-monitoring. Setting. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Newark, New Jersey. Subjects. A total of 132 obese and 75 diabetic adults enrolled in one of two trials. Measures. SoC and PAM scores; weight loss and usage rate of diabetes self-monitoring equipment. Analysis. Multiple regression; Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. We found no association between baseline SoC and PAM scores in either study (p = .30 and p = .89). Regression models showed no association between baseline PAM score and SoC and subsequent outcomes for either study (weight loss study: PAM: p = .14, SoC: p = .1; diabetes study: PAM: p = .45, SoC: p = .61). Change in PAM score and SoC among participants in the intervention groups did not differ by study arm or among participants with better outcomes. Conclusion. PAM score and SoC may not effectively predict success or monitor progress among individuals enrolled in incentive-based interventions.
Modified carbon paste electrode as a tool for the evaluation of oxidative stability of rapeseed oil
Authors: Žabčí­ková Simona , Červenka Libor 
Published: October 2015

Carbon paste electrode was used for evaluation of oxidative stability of rapeseed oil samples using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 mol.L-1 HCl as a supporting electrolyte. Rapeseed oil samples were exposed to daylight and oxygen in open glass baker at the laboratory condition in order to obtain oils with accelerated primary and secondary products of oxidation. The oxidation status was determinated by peroxide value and p-anisidine value. Total oxidative stability was expressed as TOTOX index. The edible oils were used for preparation (modification) of the carbon paste composite material followed by the cyclic voltammetric measurement. Peroxide values significantly increased whereas p-anisinde value rather fluctuated during 40 days of storage in all the samples. Cyclic voltammograms showed anodic current peaks at 575 - 600 mV and cathodic current peaks at 400 - 425 mV. The oxidation and reduction waves diminished at pH ≥3.0 suggesting not only phenolic compounds contributed to the electrochemical characteristic of oil samples. The peroxide value or p-anisidine value did not correlate with oxidation or reduction peak currents at the potential 575 - 600 mV and 400 - 425 mV, respectively. Both cathodic and anodic currents increased with increasing TOTOX index exhibiting positive correlation with high Spearman correlation coefficient (r = 0.894 and r = 0.914 for anodic and cathodic current, respectively). Linear relationship was found for each sample individually. A caution has to be done when interpreting results since the correlation seems to be of oil sample specific. Nevertheless, the modified carbon paste electrode with rapeseed oil represents a suitable and alternative tool for determination of the oxidative state of edible oils without use of organic solvents.
Announcement
Authors: Kelker Hanna Chroboczek , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hundreds of eminent scholars of Polish origin and ancestry reside in the United States. These scholars have excelled and achieved high recognition in diverse branches of science. While many are known for their outstanding work within the confines of their particular field of specialty, little is known of achievements by scientists working in other disciplines or by the general public in the United States or in Poland. In 2012 the Kosciuszko Foundation (KF) established the Kosciuszko Foundation Collegium of Eminent Scientists. The goals for this initiative are (1) to identify, record, and catalogue eminent Polish scientists and scientists of Polish descent residing in the United States who have made significant contributions in their respective scientific fields and (2) to recognize, highlight, and publicize their achievements. Currently the selection of the Collegium members is limited to scientists specializing in the natural sciences (broadly defined).
Examination of Surgical Specimens of the Esophagus
Authors: Bejarano Pablo A. , Berho Mariana 
Published: October 2015

ContextEsophageal cancer continues to be one of the most lethal of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Its prognostic parameters are based on the gross and histopathologic examination of resected specimens by pathologists.ObjectiveTo describe the implications of appropriate handling and examination of endomucosal resection and esophagectomy specimens from patients with esophageal carcinoma while considering the implications of the surgical techniques used to obtain such specimens. Parameters include histopathologic findings necessary for accurate staging, differences in the assessment of margins, residual malignancy, and criteria to evaluate for tumor regression after chemoradiation therapy as well as the role of immunohistochemistry and the judicious use of frozen sections.Data SourcesSources were a review of the literature and the authors' experience handling these types of specimens.ConclusionsExamining surgical specimens of the esophagus is critical in the management of patients with esophageal carcinoma, and it requires careful consideration of the diagnostic pitfalls, staging-related parameters, and results of molecular tests.
The Pathologist Workforce in the United States: II. An Interactive Modeling Tool for Analyzing Future Qualitative and Quantitative Staffing Demands for Services
Authors: Robboy Stanley J. , Gupta Saurabh , Crawford James M. , Cohen Michael B. , Karcher Donald S. , Leonard Debra G. B. , Magnani Barbarajean , Novis David A. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Powell Suzanne Z. , Gross David J. , Black-Schaffer W. Stephen 
Published: October 2015

ContextPathologists are physicians who make diagnoses based on interpretation of tissue and cellular specimens (surgical/cytopathology, molecular/genomic pathology, autopsy), provide medical leadership and consultation for laboratory medicine, and are integral members of their institutions' interdisciplinary patient care teams.ObjectiveTo develop a dynamic modeling tool to examine how individual factors and practice variables can forecast demand for pathologist services.DesignBuild and test a computer-based software model populated with data from surveys and best estimates about current and new pathologist efforts.ResultsMost pathologists' efforts focus on anatomic (52%), laboratory (14%), and other direct services (8%) for individual patients. Population-focused services (12%) (eg, laboratory medical direction) and other professional responsibilities (14%) (eg, teaching, research, and hospital committees) consume the rest of their time. Modeling scenarios were used to assess the need to increase or decrease efforts related globally to the Affordable Care Act, and specifically, to genomic medicine, laboratory consolidation, laboratory medical direction, and new areas where pathologists' expertise can add value.ConclusionsOur modeling tool allows pathologists, educators, and policy experts to assess how various factors may affect demand for pathologists' services. These factors include an aging population, advances in biomedical technology, and changing roles in capitated, value-based, and team-based medical care systems. In the future, pathologists will likely have to assume new roles, develop new expertise, and become more efficient in practicing medicine to accommodate new value-based delivery models.
Augalų biomasėje sukaupto anglies kiekio įvertinimas skirtingais būdais renatūralizuojamose ariamose žemėse
Authors: Kazlauskaitė-Jadzevičė Asta , Marcinkonis Saulius 
Published: October 2015

Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Vokės filiale nuo 1995 m. vykdomi lauko aikštelių tyrimai, kurių tikslas yra nustatyti skirtingų renatūralizacijos būdų įtaką anglies akumuliacijai fitocenozių produkuojamoje biomasėje priesmėlio – paprastojo išplautžemio (<i>Haplic Luvisol</i>) dirvožemyje. Apibendrinus 20 metų tyrimų rezultatus nustatyta, kad didžiausias vidutinis anglies kiekis sukauptas apželdintos mišku aikštelės biomasėje (5,59 t ha<sup>–1</sup> per metus), kur auga paprastosios pušys (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i>), o mažiausias – dirvono fitocenozėje (0,85 t ha<sup>–1</sup> per metus). Tradicinės lauko sėjomainos augalų biomasėje vidutinis anglies kiekis (1,98 t ha<sup>–1</sup> per metus) buvo kiek didesnis nei netręšiamos šienaujamos pievos fitocenozėje (1,85 t ha<sup>–1</sup> per metus). Tręšimas mineralinėmis NPK trąšomis esmingai (1,57–1,74 karto) didino sukauptą anglies kiekį lauko sėjomainos ir pievos fitocenozėse. Tręšto sėjomainos lauko antžeminėje augalų biomasėje sukauptos anglies kiekis varijavo priklausomai nuo augalų rūšies (nuo 0,07 iki 3,24 t ha<sup>–1</sup> per metus). Nustatyta, kad augalų vegetacijos metu permainingos meteorologinės sąlygos daro silpną arba vidutinio stiprumo įtaką sėjomainos lauko fitocenozių derliui, taip pat ir antžeminės anglies kaupimui fitocenozių produkuotoje biomasėje. Netręšiamose lauko sėjomainos fitocenozėse sukaupiamo anglies kiekio koreliacinis ryšys su oro temperatūra buvo silpnas ir neigiamas (r = –0,4), su kritulių kiekiu – teigiamas, bet taip pat silpnas (r = 0,4). Nustatytas atvirkštinis vidutinio stiprumo ryšys (r = –0,6) tarp tręšiamų sėjomainos lauko fitocenozių antžeminės anglies ir augalų vegetacijos laikotarpio vidutinės temperatūros, t. y. aukštesnės temperatūros mažino potencialiai fitocenozėje galimą sukaupti antžeminį anglies kiekį.