bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beitrag zur Holzanatomie der Pinaceae am Beispiel des Astholzes der Borstenkiefer, Pinus aristata Engelm.1)
Authors: SÜSS H. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungAm Beispiel einer 25jährigen Holzprobe werden die Ergebnisse anatomischer Untersuchungen am Astholz der Borstenkiefer, Pinus aristata, mitgeteilt und die auffälligsten Abweichungen einiger quantitativer sowie qualitativer Merkmale vom Stammholz dieser Pinaceae diskutiert. Die Bedeutung des nahezu völligen Fehlens der Strahltracheiden für die Anatomie und Phylogenie der Pinaceae und das zahlreiche Vorkommen von Trabeculae (Saniosche Balken) werden in gesonderten Kapiteln behandelt.
Organographic distribution and specialization of vessels in Dioscorea sp.
Authors: Bhat R. B. , Weber D. J. , Bayanole O. O. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe investigations of organographic distribution and specialization of vessel elements were made in three species of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae). Vessel distributions were studied in roots, nodes, internodes, petioles and midribs of leaves of each species. The vessel elements are chiefly cylindrical, or drum‐like, or globose when very short, rarely, fork‐shaped, conical or fusiform in shape. Perforation plates are chiefly scalariform, but reticulate, foraminate and rarely simple ones occur. The vessel elements had predominently two perforations or rarely one in all the organs examined, except in the nodes where some vessel elements possessed more than two perforation plates. The pits are simple and oval, circular, or elongated, and arrangement was either opposite, alternate or at random. Vessels were with or without tails. End walls were tapering or blunt. The three species of Dioscorea investigated have mostly primitive vessels except for some in nodes.
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora Kubas. V. Die Gattung Cercospora Fres. (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes)
Authors: Arnold G. R. W. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryIn this fifth paper on the mycoflora of Cuba, dealing with the genus Cercospora Fres., one hundred and twelve species, occurring on higher land plants, are recorded.
Eine Methodik zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Phytozönose terrestrischer Ökosysteme (phytozönotische Aufnahme)1) Teil III : Die quantitative Beschreibung der Strauch‐ und Baumschichten
Authors: Kuschka V. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Gehölze weisen eine Reihe Besonderheiten auf, die zu Modifikationen der “phytozönotischen Aufnahme” zwingen. So setzt sich der “Sproßlängsschnittindex” (SLI) hier aus der Längsschnittfläche des Stamms und des Astwerks zusammen. Letztere ist nur durch Hochrechnung mit Hilfe des Verzweigungsfaktors bei Vermessung eines Probeastes bestimmbar. Der “Sproßlängsschnittindex” bleibt bei Gehölzen während einer Vegetationsperiode weitgehend konstant und wird, wie die Abundanz, durch einmalige Messung auf einer Dauerfläche ermittelt. Auch die monatliche Bestimmung des Blattflächenindex erfolgt durch Hochrechnung. Die Basis dafür bildet ebenfalls die Vermessung eines Probeastes, der mit einem Astschneider entnommen wird.Die praktische Durchführung des Aufnahmeverfahrens wird wiederum an einem Beispiel erläutert. Dabei finden quadratische Probeflächen von 10 × 10 m Anwendung.
Eine Methodik zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Phytozönose terrestrischer Ökosysteme (phytozönotische Aufnahme)1) Teil IV: Die quantitative Beschreibung der Moosschicht
Authors: Kuschka V. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungAuf Grund der engen Vergesellschaftung in Polstern und der geringen Größe ist ein direktes Auszählen der Abundanz von Moosen auf den erforderlichen Probeflächen zumeist nicht vor Ort möglich. Die Abundanz wird deshalb durch eine Hochrechnung aus der von Moospolstern bedeckten Fläche (AM) und der Abundanz pro 1 cm2 Moospolster (MC) ermittelt. Bei der Untersuchung der Probeflächen im Untersuchungsgebiet wird mit Hilfe eines 50 × 50 cm großen Quadrat‐Rasters die moosbedeckte Fläche ausgezählt. Alle weiteren Meßdaten zur Berechnung der Deckung gewinnt man an Proben aus den Moospolstern im Labor unter dem Stereomikroskop. Die “Uniformitäts‐Frequenz” von Moosen kann man über eine vereinfachte Formel als Quotient der moosbedeckten Fläche und der Gesamtprobefläche berechnen. An einem Beispiel wird der praktische Verlauf der phytozönotischen Aufnahme der Moosschicht demonstriert.
Contributions to the flora of Central Africa II Crepidorhopalon, a new genus within the relationship of Craterostigma, Torenia and Lindernia (Scrophulariaceae) with two new or note‐worthy species from Central and South Central Africa (Zaire, Zambia)
Authors: Fischer E. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryA new genus, Crepidorhopalon Fischer, within the relationship of Craterostigma, Torenia and Lindernia is described.It differs from Craterostigma s. str. by the aulacospermous seeds (with rows produced by the endosperm), the full synflorcscence with main florescence and paracladia and the club‐shaped hairs with a socle of cells on the palatum of the lower lip.Crepidorhopalon differs from Torenia by the palmate leaf‐venation, the glabrous ovary and the dehiscence of the capsule.Additionally, the new species Crepidorhopalon membranocylacinus Fischer from Zaire and C. involucratus (Philcox) Fischer from North West‐Zambia are described.
Eine Methodik zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Phytozönose terrestrischer Ökosysteme Teil II. Die quantitative Beschreibung der Krautschicht
Authors: Flöha V. Kuschka 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie phylozönotische Aufnahme muß ein Komplex von Methoden sein, der die gleichzeitige Beschreibung aller “Stratophytozönosen” auf einheitlicher Grundlage erlaubt. Dabei sollen folgende Kriterien die Basis bilden:1. dominante Artenkombination2. zeitliche Struktur3. Raumstruktur.Zur Typisierung der Phytozönosen als Grundlage der Ökosystemtypisierung ist außerdem die “Charakteristische Artenkombination” zu ermitteln.Kernstück der gesamten Methodik ist die Ermittlung der “dominanten Artenkombination”, als die Kombination der wesentlich die Primärproduktion der Phytozönose bestimmenden, großen Bauwert besitzenden und den Biotop am wesentlichsten becinflußenden Pflanzenarten. Als optimales Kriterium dafür wird vom Autor die Deckung angesehen. Eine allgemeine Formel zur Berechnung der Deckung aus Blattflächenindex und “Sproßlängsschnittindex” wird abgeleitet:

urn:x-wiley:00148962:fedrbf00056:equation:fedrbf00056-math-0001D … DeckungMP … Abundanzv … VerzweigungsfaktorMBI … BlattanzahlABI … BlattfiäcbeI … Sproßlänged3 … SproßdurchmesserAPF … Probeflächengröße.Durch Berechnung der Dominanzen als prozentualer Anteil der Deckung der Art an der Gesamtdeckung ist eine Zuordnung der einzelnen Arten zur dominanten Artenkombination möglich.An einem Beispiel aus dem FND “Rutsch” bei Flöha. Bezirk Karl‐Marx‐Stadt, wird die Praxis und Auswertung einer solchen phytozönotischen Aufnahme der Krautschicht demonstriert.
Ruderal vegetation of Baškiria II. Classes Artemisietea vulgaris, Agropyretea repentis, Plantaginetea majoris and Polygono‐Artemisietea austriacae1
Authors: Mirkin B. M. , Solomešč A. I. , Išbirdin A. R. , Sachapov M. T. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe vegetation of traditional classes of ruderal vegetation (Artemisietea vulgaris, Agropyretea repentis, Plantaginetea majoris) and the new class Polygono‐Artemisietea austriacae are described. The new class is shown as the East vicariant of Plantaginetea majoris under xerodermic conditions. The charateristic of 20 associations arc given with 15 new ones. The ecological and syndynamical interrelations of these associations are discussed. For each new association the nearest syntaxon from the Central Europe system is shown.
A triple growth factor strategy for optimizing bone augmentation in mice
Authors: Tenkumo Taichi , Koide Rie , Ogawa Toru , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Suzuki Shigeki , Miyashita Makiko , Nakamura Keisuke , Wang Han , Yoda Nobuhiro , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith dental implant treatment becoming the gold standard, the need for effective bone augmentation prior to implantation has grown. This study aims to evaluate a bone augmentation strategy integrating three key growth factors: bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Collagen scaffolds incorporating BMP‐2, IGF‐1, or VEGF were fabricated and categorized into five groups based on their content: scaffold alone; BMP‐2 alone (BMP‐2); BMP‐2 and IGF‐1 (BI); BMP‐2, IGF‐1, and VEGF (BIV); and BMP‐2 and IGF‐1 with an earlier release of VEGF (BI + V). The prepared scaffolds were surgically implanted into the calvarias of C57BL/6JJcl mice, and hard tissue formation was assessed after 10 and 28 days through histological, tomographic, and biochemical analyses. The combination of BMP‐2 and IGF‐1 induced a greater volume of hard tissue augmentation compared with that of BMP‐2 alone, regardless of VEGF supplementation, and these groups had increased levels of cartilage compared with others. The volume of hard tissue formation was greatest in the BIV group. In contrast, the BI + V group exhibited a hard tissue volume similar to that of the BI group. While VEGF and CD31 levels were highest in the BIV group at 10 days, there was no correlation at the same time point between hard tissue formation and the quantity of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, the simultaneous release of BMP‐2, IGF‐1, and VEGF proved to be effective in promoting bone augmentation.
MARVEL analysis of high‐resolution rovibrational spectra of 16O12C18O
Authors: Alatoom Dunia , Ibrahim Mohammad Taha I. , Furtenbacher Tibor , Császár Attila G. , Alghizzawi M. , Yurchenko Sergei N. , Azzam Ala'a A. A. , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmpirical rovibrational energy levels are presented for the third most abundant, asymmetric carbon dioxide isotopologue, 16O12C18O, based on a compiled dataset of experimental rovibrational transitions collected from the literature. The 52 literature sources utilized provide 19,438 measured lines with unique assignments in the wavenumber range of 2–12,676 cm−1. The MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational‐Vibrational Energy Levels) protocol, which is built upon the theory of spectroscopic networks, validates the great majority of these transitions and outputs 8786 empirical rovibrational energy levels with an uncertainty estimation based on the experimental uncertainties of the transitions. Issues found in the literature data, such as misassignment of quantum numbers, typographical errors, and misidentifications, are fixed before including them in the final MARVEL dataset and analysis. Comparison of the empirical energy‐level data of this study with those in the line lists CDSD‐2019 and Ames‐2021 shows good overall agreement, significantly better for CDSD‐2019; some issues raised by these comparisons are discussed.
Tumour‐induced alterations in single‐nucleus transcriptome of atrophying muscles indicate enhanced protein degradation and reduced oxidative metabolism
Authors: Agca Samet , Domaniku‐Waraich Aylin , Bilgic Sevval Nur , Sucuoglu Melis , Dag Meric , Dogan Sukru Anil , Kir Serkan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTumour‐induced skeletal muscle wasting in the context of cancer cachexia is a condition with profound implications for patient survival. The loss of muscle mass is a significant clinical obstacle and is linked to reduced tolerance to chemotherapy and increased frailty. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving muscle atrophy is crucial for the design of new therapeutics.MethodsLewis lung carcinoma tumours were utilized to induce cachexia and muscle atrophy in mice. Single‐nucleus libraries of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from tumour‐bearing mice and their non‐tumour‐bearing controls were constructed using 10X Genomics applications following the manufacturer's guidelines. RNA sequencing results were analysed with Cell Ranger software and the Seurat R package. Oxygen consumption of mitochondria isolated from TA muscle was measured using an Oroboros O2k‐FluoRespirometer. Mouse primary myotubes were treated with a recombinant ectodysplasin A2 (EDA‐A2) protein to activate EDA‐A2 receptor (EDA2R) signalling and study changes in gene expression and oxygen consumption.ResultsTumour‐bearing mice were sacrificed while exhibiting moderate cachexia. Average TA muscle weight was reduced by 11% (P = 0.0207) in these mice. A total of 12 335 nuclei, comprising 6422 nuclei from the control group and 5892 nuclei from atrophying muscles, were studied. The analysis of single‐nucleus transcriptomes identified distinct myonuclear gene signatures and a shift towards type IIb myonuclei. Muscle atrophy‐related genes, including Atrogin1, MuRF1 and Eda2r, were upregulated in these myonuclei, emphasizing their crucial roles in muscle wasting. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that EDA2R activation and tumour inoculation led to similar expression patterns in muscle cells, including the stimulation of nuclear factor‐kappa B, Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription and transforming growth factor‐beta pathways and the suppression of myogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Muscle oxidative metabolism was suppressed by both tumours and EDA2R activation.ConclusionsThis study identified tumour‐induced transcriptional changes in muscle tissue at single‐nucleus resolution and highlighted the negative impact of tumours on oxidative metabolism. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle wasting.
Bidirectional transitions of sarcopenia states in older adults: The longitudinal evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Luo Ya‐Xi , Zhou Xiao‐Han , Heng Tian , Yang Ling‐Ling , Zhu Ying‐Hai , Hu Peng , Yao Xiu‐Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, the age‐related loss of muscle mass and function, brings multiple adverse outcomes including disability and death. Several sarcopenia consensuses have newly introduced the premorbid concept of possible sarcopenia and recommended early lifestyle interventions. Bidirectional transitions of premorbid states have been revealed in several chronic diseases yet not clarified in sarcopenia. This study aims to investigate the underlying transition patterns of sarcopenia states.MethodsThe study utilized three waves of data from a nationally representative survey, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and included community‐dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older with at least two sarcopenia states assessments based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria 2019 (AWGS2019) between 2011 and 2015. The estimated transition intensity and probability between non‐sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and death were investigated using multi‐stage Markov (MSM) models.ResultsThe study comprised 4395 individuals (49.2% female, median age 67 years) with a total of 10 778 records of sarcopenia state assessment, and the mean follow‐up period was 3.29 years. A total of 24.5% of individuals with a current state of possible sarcopenia returned to non‐sarcopenia, 60.3% remained possible sarcopenia, 6.7% progressed to sarcopenia, and 8.5% died by the next follow‐up. The transition intensity of recovery to non‐sarcopenia (0.252, 95% CI 0.231–0.275) was 2.8 times greater than the deterioration to sarcopenia (0.090, 95% CI 0.080–0.100) for individuals with possible sarcopenia. For individuals with possible sarcopenia, the estimated probabilities of recovering to non‐sarcopenia, progressing to sarcopenia, and transitioning to death within a 1‐year observation were 0.181, 0.066, and 0.035, respectively. For individuals with sarcopenia, the estimated probabilities of recovering to non‐sarcopenia, recovering to possible sarcopenia, and transitioning to death within 1‐year observation were 0.016, 0.125, and 0.075, respectively. In covariables analysis, age, sex, body mass index, physical function impairment, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes are important factors influencing bidirectional transitions.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the bidirectional transitions of sarcopenia states among older adults and reveal a notable proportion of possible sarcopenia show potential for recovery in the natural course. Screening and intensifying interventions based on risk factors may facilitate a recovery transition.
Differential impacts of fat and muscle mass on cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guo Jie , Wei Yuxia , Heiland Emerald G. , Marseglia Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe distribution of fat and muscle mass in different regions of the body can reflect different pathways to mortality in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the associations between whole‐body and regional body fat and muscle mass with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non‐CVD mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWithin the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006, 1417 adults aged ≥50 years with T2D were selected. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to derive whole‐body, trunk, arm, and leg fat mass and muscle mass indices (FMI and MMI). Mortality data until 31 December 2019 were retrieved from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsA total of 1417 participants were included in this study (weighted mean age [standard error]: 63.7 [0.3] years; 50.5% female). Over a median follow‐up of 13.6 years, 797 deaths were recorded (371 CVD‐related and 426 non‐CVD deaths). Higher FMI in the arm was associated with increased risk of non‐CVD mortality (fourth quartile [Q4] vs. first quartile [Q1]: HR 1.82 [95% CI 1.13–2.94]), whereas higher FMI in the trunk or leg was not significantly associated with CVD or non‐CVD mortality. Conversely, higher arm MMI was associated with a lower risk of both CVD (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 0.51 [95% CI 0.33–0.81]) and non‐CVD (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 0.56 [95% CI 0.33–0.94]) mortality. There was a significant interaction between smoking status and arm FMI on non‐CVD mortality (P for interaction = 0.007). Higher arm FMI was associated with a higher risk of non‐CVD mortality among current or former smokers (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 2.67 [95% CI 1.46–4.88]) but not non‐smokers (Q4 vs. Q1: HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.49–1.47]).ConclusionsFat mass and muscle mass, especially in the arm, are differently associated with CVD and non‐CVD mortality in people with T2D. Our findings underscore the predictive value of body compositions in the arm in forecasting mortality among older adults with T2D.
A multi‐omics approach to overeating and inactivity‐induced muscle atrophy in db/db mice
Authors: Okamura Takuro , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kobayashi Genki , Ichikawa Takahiro , Hasegawa Yuka , Miyoshi Tomoki , Senmaru Takafumi , Nakanishi Naoko , Sasano Ryoichi , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOvereating and inactivity are associated with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate its pathological basis using integrated omics and db/db/mice, a model representing this condition.MethodsThe study involved housing 8‐week‐old db/m and db/db mice for 8 weeks. Various analyses were conducted, including gene expression in skeletal muscle and small intestine using next‐generation sequencing; cytokine arrays of serum; assessment of metabolites in skeletal muscle, stool, and serum; and analysis of the gut microbiota. Histone modifications in small intestinal epithelial cells were profiled using CUT&Tag.ResultsCompared with db/m mice, db/db mice had 22.4% lower grip strength and approximately five times the visceral fat weight (P < 0.0001). Serum cytokine arrays showed a 2.8‐fold relative concentration of VEGF‐A in db/db mice (P < 0.0001) and lower concentrations of several other cytokines. mRNA sequencing revealed downregulation of Myh expression in skeletal muscle, upregulation of lipid and glucose transporters, and downregulation of amino acid transporters in the small intestine of db/db/mice. The concentrations of saturated fatty acids in skeletal muscle were significantly higher, and the levels of essential amino acids were lower in db/db mice. Analysis of the gut microbiota, 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed lower levels of the phylum Bacteroidetes (59.7% vs. 44.9%) and higher levels of the phylum Firmicutes (20.9% vs. 31.4%) in db/db mice (P = 0.003). The integrated signal of histone modifications of lipid and glucose transporters was higher, while the integrated signal of histone modifications of amino acid transporters was lower in the db/db mice.ConclusionsThe multi‐omics approach provided insights into the epigenomic alterations in the small intestine, suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of inactivity‐induced muscle atrophy in obese mice.
High‐resolution ultrasound approach to quadrangular joint in carpal boss: Everything musculoskeletal sonographer should know
Authors: Corvino Antonio , Ricci Vincenzo , Cocco Giulio , Pizzi Andrea Delli , Tafuri Domenico , Corvino Fabio , Nevalainen Mika T. , Chew Felix S. , Mespreuve Marc , Catalano Orlando 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt the quadrangular joint (QAJ) of the carpus, a rare bony protuberance called carpal boss (CB) may occur. This bone abnormality may be due to osteophytes development or os styloideum. Symptomatic patients may complain pain, swelling, and restrictions in hand motion. These symptoms result from joint degenerative‐inflammatory changes, development of ganglion cyst/bursitis, or tendons pathology. Correct diagnosis and appropriate management can be achieved through high‐resolution ultrasonography (HR‐US). The purpose of this review is to define the pathology spectrum around and within the QAJ in CB. The role of HR‐US is highlighted and the standard technique for the QAJ assessment is described.
A comprehensive MRI analysis of osteoid osteomas in patients with diverse radiological features across various regions
Authors: Yazol Merve , Ozer Halil , Asfuroğlu Umut , Tokgoz Nil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which does not involve ionizing radiation, is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing osteoid osteoma (OO), an ailment more common in children and young adults.PurposeThis study aims to perform a literature review and delineate the MRI findings of OO lesions in patients exhibiting varying radiological features across different regions.Materials and methodsA retrospective study included 63 patients diagnosed with OO through MRI, assessed independently by two blinded radiologists using both standard and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI techniques. After excluding 7 patients with prior biopsy, surgery, or RFA, the study included 56 patients with 57 lesions.ResultsOf 57 lesions evaluated, 50 were in long, and 7 in flat bones. One patient presented with two separate nidi within the intertrochanteric region. Most of the lesions, 49 (86%), were extra‐articular, while 8 (14%) were intra‐articular. The nidus was intracortical in 45 (78.9%) patients, intramedullary in 5 (8.8%), subperiosteal in 5 (8.8%), and endosteal in 2 (3.5%). Average nidus diameter was 7.02 ± 2.64 mm (3–12.6 mm). Central nidal calcification was present in 68.4% (n = 39) cases. Contrast enhancement was intense at 90.5%, moderate at 9.5%. Reactive sclerosis around the nidus was severe (50.9%), moderate (22.8%), and mild (26.3%). Bone marrow edema was severe (70.2%), moderate (14.0%), and mild (15.8%). Soft tissue edema was identified in 77.2% of all lesions.ConclusionTo minimize delays in diagnosis and treatment, radiologists should become acquainted with the typical OO MRI findings and the atypical MRI findings that might be mistaken for other conditions.