bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De moderne balie in internationaal perspectief
Authors: van Otterlo R. 
Published: August 2024

The modern bar in an international perspective
This article describes the development of the Dutch bar, which seems to follow the international trends, the Anglo-Saxon trends in particular. These trends are internationalization, commercialization, organizational professionalization, specialization and differentiation. The Dutch bar nowadays consists of approximately 15.000 advocates, working in approximately 3.800 law firms. Approximately 3.500 advocates work in the Top 30 law firms, whereas the firms consisting of one advocate form the majority of the bar. Particularly during the last decade the bar has grown tremendously due to an increase in demand for specialistic legal service and advice. Due to new developments the client has become more prominent when it comes to determining the quality of the legal service, a phenomenon also known as ‘simultaneity’.
De ontwikkeling van de criminaliteit op Curaçao
Authors: Weenink A.W. 
Published: August 2024

No reason for despondency; the development of crime on the island of Curaçao
In the years 2000-2003 crime on Curaçao seemed to be going out of control and the economy was virtually stagnant with low growth and high unemployment. This situation has changed significantly since 2005. The author shows that a targeted approach by the authorities pushed back major crime problems like the smuggling of cocaine on passenger flights, armed robberies and homicides. However only a permanent effort can guarantee the continuation of this success. Corruption and nepotism are still vibrant, but mainly concern individuals, not institutions as a whole, while the judiciary actively prosecutes corrupt officials. In the long run not only repression, but preventive measures are needed as well. A major cause of corruption and nepotism is the small scale of island life, in combination with economic protectionism and state ownership of companies. Structural adjustments in economic institutions and policy in recent years heralded the return of economic growth and employment. More adjustments in economic policy and institutions could further reduce incentives for corruption; these might also lead to the opening up of Curaçao's rigid labour markets for the many unemployed youngsters. A more autonomous Curaçao faces serious challenges, but the island's record so far gives no reason for despondency.
Vermogens- en beslagrechtelijke kanttekeningen bij de legitieme portie als wilsrecht
Authors: Biemans J.W.A. 
Published: August 2024

Vermogens- en beslagrechtelijke kanttekeningen bij de legitieme portie als wilsrecht
In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op het rechtskarakter van de legitimaire aanspraak als wilsrecht en vermogensrecht, en in het vervolg daarvan op de daarmee samenhangende vermogensrechtelijke en beslagrechtelijke vragen in het kader van onder meer overgang onder algemene titel, faillissement, testamentair bewind, executele, vereffening, overdraagbaarheid, overdracht, levering, bezwaring en beslag.
Grensoverschrijdend gedrag in ziekenhuizen
Authors: Tiems S.F. 
Published: August 2024

Grensoverschrijdend gedrag in ziekenhuizen: kan het aanscherpen van juridische kaders bijdragen aan een cultuurverandering?
Het aanscherpen van interne juridische kaders kan bijdragen aan een cultuurverandering waardoor grensoverschrijdend en ongewenst gedrag kan afnemen. Zo zou voor iedereen dezelfde gedragscode, hetzelfde meldpunt, dezelfde klachtprocedure en hetzelfde sanctiebeleid moeten gelden, dus ook voor (vrijgevestigde) medisch specialisten. Ook zou het wegkijken bij grensoverschrijdend gedrag gesanctioneerd moeten worden.
Serunya Bermain Tanpa Teknologi
Authors: Eka Setya Ayu Prasasty  , Anindita Nadine K  , Budi Erisaputri  , Tomi Kurniawan  , Monica Nelly Agustine  , Kiki Dian Setiawan  
Published: August 2024

As technology develops, traditional games have begun to be marginalized by modern games, such as video games, Play Station, online games available on computers, cellphones and laptops, and other modern games. Children's play patterns are starting to shift to play patterns at home. Traditional games are one method that can be used so that people do not feel bored while doing gaming activities. Based on the campaign activities carried out by the implementing team, namely Communication Science students at Semarang University, by incorporating traditional games into their daily lives, equipped with adequate facilities in the community environment, they can slowly grow their interest in playing and ultimately minimize the use of gadgets in their daily lives.
Whistleblowing and Corrupt Tendencies among Selected Employees in Three Public Organizations
Authors: Ogungbamila Bolanle , Osamika Bamidele Emmanuel , Job Emmanuel Dada 
Published: August 2024

Anti-corruption efforts are often predicated on how to encourage whistleblowing and discourage corruption. To strengthen the anti-corruption drives, previous studies underscored the need for more research on psychological variables that may be connected with whistleblowing and corruption. This study, therefore, tested the extent to which employees in public sector service occupations are likely to engage in corruption and whistleblowing when they condone corruption, are less apprehensive about punishment, and can justify punishable work behaviors. This correlational study involved 331 employees (155 males; 176 females) of public sector organizations (110 health workers; 116 police personnel; 105 teachers), whose had a mean age of 43.01 years (SD = 7.86). They completed measures of corruption tolerance, punishment anxiety, workplace neutralization, whistleblowing intentions, and corrupt tendencies. Results of the 2-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that whistleblowing intentions significantly reduced as employees condoned corruption, were afraid of punishment, and justified punishable work behaviors. Corrupt tendencies significantly increased as employees overlooked corruption and were able to justify punishable work behaviors, but decreased significantly as they became apprehensive of punishment. Based on these results, public sector organizations, especially the police, health, and education, should institute policies and implement psychological strategies that reduce the corruption-tolerant climate in the workplace; by increasing the fear of punishment for corruption and encouraging moral obligations to whistle-blow corruption among employees.
Bayesian Spatial Modeling of Landslide Events Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA): A Study Case on Natural Conditions and Community Actions in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Alfarisi Salman , Christina Athalia , Naqiya Sadiyana Yaqutna , Rachmawati Ro'fah Nur , Machmud Amir , Palupi Endah Kinarya 
Published: August 2024

Bayesian Spatial Modeling Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) is an advanced statistical technique that can be used to model and analyze occurrences in geographic areas.Â Landslides are one of natural disasters that occur due to natural and human factors and pose a serious threat to East Java Province which has complex natural conditions. The disaster brings various losses, including economic, infrastructural, human life, and environmental. This study investigates the factors contributing to landslides across 29 districts and 9 cities in East Java, Indonesia, using spatial regression modeling by Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA).Â The factors include the number of seaside villages, the number of slope topography villages, and the area of temporarily uncultivated gardens and fields in 2021. The modeling results show that the number of seaside villages, the number of slope topography villages, and the area of fields that are temporarily uncultivated have a significant influence on the occurrence of landslides so that efforts to mitigate and prevent such disasters can be focused on the contributing factors. We conclude that the model might be able to identify potential landslide risk areas through mapping.
Karakteristik Kekuatan Mekanis Komposit Silencer Gokart
Authors: Arkan Muhamad Fauzan 
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Komposit serat karbon dipilih karena keunggulan dalam hal kekuatan tinggi, ringan, dan tahan terhadap suhu tinggi. Silencer pada gokart berfungsi untuk meredam kebisingan yang dihasilkan oleh mesin, dan penggunaan material komposit serat karbon diharapkan dapat meingkatkan performa akustik serta mengurangi berat keseluruhan kendaraan.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kekuatan mekanis komposit serat karbon yang digunakan sebagai bahan silencer pada gokart.
Metode: Metode penelitian melibatkan pembuatan spesimen uji dari komposit serat karbon dengan matriks resin epoksi. Variasi presentase serat dan orientasi lapisan diuji untuk menentukan konfigurasi yang optimal. Pengujian dilakukan meliputi uji bending, uji impact, dan uji kekerasan vickers untuk mengukur modulus elastisitas dan ketahan terhadap beban dinamis.
Hasil: Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan karbon terhadap resin 85/15 menghasilkan kekuatan bending tertinggi (0,712 N/mm²), sedangkan perbandingan 90/10 menghasilkan kekuatan terendah (0,529 N/mm²). Spesimen C dengan perbandingan 80/20 memiliki kekuatan sedang (0,662 N/mm²) dan nilai impact tertinggi (0,751 joule/mm²). Nilai impact terendah didapatkan pada spesimen A dengan perbandingan 90/10 (0,445 joule/mm²). Untuk uji kekerasan Vickers, spesimen B dengan perbandingan 85/15 memiliki kekerasan tertinggi (84,09 HVN), sementara spesimen A dengan perbandingan 90/10 menunjukkan kekerasan terendah (10,4 HVN). Spesimen C dengan perbandingan 80/20 memiliki kekerasan sedang (46,65 HVN).
Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, komposit serat karbon dengan perbandingan karbon terhadap resin 85/15 menunjukkan karakteristik kekuatan mekanis yang optimal untuk digunakan sebagai bahan silencer pada gokart.
Penyuluhan Pengolahan Limbah Pertambangan Emas Rakyat di Desa Dalam
Authors: Suhadi  , Sueb  , Sari Murni Sapta , Syamsussabri Muhammad , Kiswojo  
Published: August 2024

Desa Dalam, Kecamatan Taliwang, Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat merupakan salah satu desa dengan jumlah penambang rakyat yang cukup banyak yang termasuk dalam pertambangan skala kecil yang menggunakan metode amalgamasi dan sianidasi dalam pengolahan emas. Aktivitas ini sangat banyak dilakukan dikarenakan lebih mudah untuk dilakukan. Tujuan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini yaitu untuk memberikan penyuluhan pengolahan limbah pertambangan emas. Metode pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan penyuluhan secara langsung pada penambang dan diskusi interaktif secara langsung di lokasi penambang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Dalam dengan jumlah penambang yang sebanyak 23 orang. Titik lokasi pengabdian langsung dilakukan di lokasi pertambangan emas rakyat yang ada di dua titik utama. Pada pengabdian yang sudah dilakukan terdapat beberapa kegiatan yang dilakukan guna meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap isu pertambangan rakyat yakni penyuluhan kepada Penambang, dan Masyarakat Umum.
ANÁLISE CIENTÍFICA DOS IMPACTOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE PREVENÇÃO DE INCÊNDIOS URBANOS
Authors: Barcellos Rogério Quinteiro 
Published: August 2024

Urban fires pose a significant threat to public safety and the urban environment. In view of this, a bibliographical research was carried out with the objective of examining the main factors that contribute to the occurrence of fires in urban areas, such as population density, inadequate land use, infrastructure and construction standards, climatic conditions, prevention and response systems of fires, as well as human behavior and public education. The impacts of urban fires were also researched, namely environmental impacts, social and economic impacts and impacts on critical infrastructures. International Journals publish discussions by relevant Authors about urban fire prevention and mitigation strategies, which leads to the analysis of emergency responses and management and leads to reflection on post-fire recovery and resilient reconstruction. This analysis highlights the importance of integrated approaches to minimize urban fire risks and protect vulnerable communities.
Dynamics of intraoceanic subduction initiation: 2. Suprasubduction zone ophiolite formation and metamorphic sole exhumation in context of absolute plate motions
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Peters Kalijn , Maffione Marco , Spakman Wim , Guilmette Carl , Thieulot Cedric , Plümper Oliver , Gürer Derya , Brouwer Fraukje M. , Aldanmaz Ercan , Kaymakcı Nuretdin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnalyzing subduction initiation is key for understanding the coupling between plate tectonics and the underlying mantle. Here we focus on suprasubduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites and how their formation links to intraoceanic subduction initiation in an absolute plate motion frame. SSZ ophiolites form the majority of exposed oceanic lithosphere fragments and are widely recognized to have formed during intraoceanic subduction initiation. Structural, petrological, geochemical, and plate kinematic constraints on their kinematic evolution show that SSZ crust forms at fore‐arc spreading centers at the expense of a mantle wedge, thereby flattening the nascent slab. This leads to the typical inverted pressure gradients found in metamorphic soles that form at the subduction plate contact below and during SSZ crust crystallization. Former spreading centers are preserved in forearcs when subduction initiates along transform faults or off‐ridge oceanic detachments. We show how these are reactivated when subduction initiates in the absolute plate motion direction of the inverting weakness zone. Upon inception of slab pull due to, e.g., eclogitization, the sole is separated from the slab, remains welded to the thinned overriding plate lithosphere, and can become intruded by mafic dikes upon asthenospheric influx into the mantle wedge. We propound that most ophiolites thus formed under special geodynamic circumstances and may not be representative of normal oceanic crust. Our study highlights how far‐field geodynamic processes and absolute plate motions may force intraoceanic subduction initiation as key toward advancing our understanding of the entire plate tectonic cycle.
Microstructural evolution of gas hydrates in sedimentary matrices observed with synchrotron X‐ray computed tomographic microscopy
Authors: Chaouachi Marwen , Falenty Andrzej , Sell Kathleen , Enzmann Frieder , Kersten Michael , Haberthür David , Kuhs Werner F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe formation process of gas hydrates in sedimentary matrices is of crucial importance for the physical and transport properties of the resulting aggregates. This process has never been observed in situ at submicron resolution. Here we report on synchrotron‐based microtomographic studies by which the nucleation and growth processes of gas hydrate were observed at 276 K in various sedimentary matrices such as natural quartz (with and without admixtures of montmorillonite type clay) or glass beads with different surface properties, at varying water saturation. Both juvenile water and metastably gas‐enriched water obtained from gas hydrate decomposition was used. Xenon gas was employed to enhance the density contrast between gas hydrate and the fluid phases involved. The nucleation sites can be easily identified and the various growth patterns are clearly established. In sediments under‐saturated with juvenile water, nucleation starts at the water‐gas interface resulting in an initially several micrometer thick gas hydrate film; further growth proceeds to form isometric single crystals of 10–20 µm size. The growth of gas hydrate from gas‐enriched water follows a different pattern, via the nucleation in the bulk of liquid producing polyhedral single crystals. A striking feature in both cases is the systematic appearance of a fluid phase film of up to several micron thickness between gas hydrates and the surface of the quartz grains. These microstructural findings are relevant for future efforts of quantitative rock physics modeling of gas hydrates in sedimentary matrices and explain the anomalous attenuation of seismic/sonic waves.
Orientations and aspect ratios of falling snow
Authors: Garrett Timothy J. , Yuter Sandra E. , Fallgatter Cale , Shkurko Konstantin , Rhodes Spencer R. , Endries Jason L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhotographs of nearly 73,000 snowflakes in free fall are used to determine the aspect ratio and orientation of aggregates, moderately rimed particles, and graupel. Observations indicate that there can be a much broader range of orientation angles, with a larger median value, than has been indicated by previous observational and theoretical studies. The data show that aspect ratio depends on riming extent but that orientation is only weakly dependent on the degree of riming and on particle size. Instead, more vertical orientations for frozen particles become increasingly common with higher turbulence. The results suggest that distributions of size, fall speed, orientation, and aspect ratio may each need to be considered in order to optimize the accuracy of precipitation retrievals using microwave sensors.
RNAModification
Authors: Motorin Yuri 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNaturally occurring ribonucleic acids (RNAs) contain over 150 chemically altered nucleosides formed by enzymatic modification of the primary RNA transcript during the complex tRNA maturation process. This post‐transcriptional RNA modification is a universally conserved and highly complex metabolic process in the living cell. Cellular RNAs are modified by pure protein stand‐alone enzymes, as well as by s(sno)RNP complexes containing guide s(sno)RNAs. Modified nucleotides present in RNA play an important role in stabilisation of 2D and 3D structures of these molecules, as well as in the fine‐tuning of numerous interactions between RNAs itself and with RNA‐binding protein partners. Modification also protects RNAs against nucleolytic degradation and improves their performance in different interactions in which various RNAs are involved. For example, modifications present in the tRNA anticodon loop are crucially important for correct mRNA decoding during the protein synthesis on the ribosome. Recent progress in the field points out the regulatory character of RNA modification. This emerging concept of ‘RNA‐epigenetics’ supplies the additional level to the regulation of gene expression. This regulation (and deregulation) of RNA‐modification machineries is a basis for some important human pathologies.Key ConceptsCellular RNAs are post‐transcriptionally modified in all life kingdomsRNA modification alters physico‐chemical properties of nucleotides, including their conformation, polarity, hydrophobicity, chemical reactivity and base‐pairing interactionsRNA modification is performed by highly specific and regulated enzymatic mechanisms involving pure protein enzymes and catalytic RNA–protein complexes (RNPs)RNA modification is important for regulation of gene expressionTranscription‐wide RNA modification is dynamic and regulated cellular processDeregulation of RNA modification may lead to important human pathologies
Chlorophylls
Authors: Fujita Yuichi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Chlorophylls (Chls) are a group of cyclic tetrapyrrole pigments that are involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis. There are many Chls differing in chemical structures; Chls
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
and
f
and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls)
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
,
e
,
f
and
g
. All Chls are classified into three groups by their parental structure; porphyrins, chlorins and bacteriochlorins. Upon absorption of light the Chl molecule transitions into the first excited singlet state, and the captured energy is transferred to the neighbouring Chl molecules reaching the reaction centre Chl molecules to ignite the photosynthetic electron transfer. All Chls are synthesised from 5‐aminolevulinic acid via multiple enzymatic reactions. The first half of this biosynthetic pathway is shared with haem biosynthesis and the second half is specific for Chls, which is the so‐called magnesium (Mg) branch. In the Mg branch, the reactions from protoporphyrin IX to chlorophyllide
a
constitute a common pathway for all Chls.

Key Concepts

Chlorophylls have a central role in light harvesting and ignition of photosynthetic electron transfer.

Chlorophylls are functionally divided into antenna chlorophylls and reaction centre chlorophylls.

A variety of chemically different chlorophylls absorb different wavelengths of light, and photosynthetic organisms have specific sets of chlorophylls for utilising light in their natural habitats.

All chlorophylls are synthesised from 5‐aminolaevulinic acid, and the subsequent six reactions leading to protoporphyrin IX are common to haem biosynthesis.

Five reactions from protoporphyrin IX to chlorophyllide
a
are shared with the biosynthetic pathways of all chlorophylls.

The diversity of the biosynthetic pathways of different chlorophylls results from the evolution of photosynthetic organisms to adapt their light environments.

Chlorophyll biosynthesis is tightly regulated by multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms to avoid photooxidative damage caused by biosynthetic intermediates.

Elucidation of the reaction mechanisms of enzymes involved in the magnesium branch is one of the most important goals in plant physiology.