bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Epstein–Barr virus in different sources of materials from patients with oral lichen planus: a case–control study
Authors: Vieira Rúbia da Rocha , Ferreira Lígia Lavezo , Biasoli Éder Ricardo , Bernabé Daniel Galera , Nunes Cáris Maroni , Miyahara Glauco Issamu 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo detect the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA in different sources of materials from a matched group of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and a group of people without OLP lesions, and to correlate the presence of virus with epidemiological variables of the groups studied.MethodsFresh tissue samples, saliva, exfoliated cells and plasma of 24 patients with OLP lesions (cases) and 17 patients without OLP lesions (controls) were collected. EBV was detected by nested PCR.ResultsViral positivity was obtained in 62.5% of tissue samples; in 70.8% of exfoliated cell samples; in 33.3% of blood plasma samples and in 75% of saliva samples in the cases; and in 35.3% of tissue samples; 82.4% of exfoliated cell samples; in 47.1% of blood plasma samples and in 64.7% of saliva samples in the controls. There was a predominance of women in both groups. Variables not atrophic-erosive were most affected by EBV.ConclusionsNo relationship between EBV and OLP was found. However, all sources tested in this study were considered suitable for the detection of viruses.
The contribution of Sir Arthur Smith Woodward to the palaeoichthyology of Brazil – Smith Woodward's types from Brazil
Authors: Brito Paulo M. , Richter Martha 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Sir Arthur Smith Woodward published many scientific works on fossil fishes from Brazil, among them the description of 14 new species and the redefinition of two lectotypes. This paper provides an illustrated, taxonomic update on the following taxa, together with comments on their repository and other relevant remarks:
Lissodus nitidus
(Woodward, 1888),
Rhinoptera prisca
Woodward, 1907, ‘
Lepidotes
’
mawsoni
Woodward, 1888, ‘
Lepidotes
’
souzai
Woodward, 1908
a
,
Calamopleurus mawsoni
(Woodward, 1902), ‘
Belonostomus
’
carinatus
Mawson & Woodward, 1907,
Paleopiquitinga brasiliensis
(Woodward, 1939),
Lignobrycon ligniticus
(Woodward, 1898),
Brycon avus
(Woodward, 1898),
Steindachneridion iheringi
(Woodward, 1898),
Scombroclupeoides scutata
(Woodward, 1908
a
),
Macracara prisca
Woodward, 1939,
Mawsonia gigas
Woodward, 1907,
Mawsonia minor
Woodward, 1908
a
;
Vinctifer comptoni
(Agassiz, 1841) and
Notelops brama
(Agassiz, 1841).
Taking a Measured Approach to Toxicity Data in Phase I Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Sharma Manish R. , Ratain Mark J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The standard categorical system for assessing attribution of toxicity to study drug(s) in phase I trials is cumbersome and uninformative. Although a binary system (“related” vs. “unrelated”) would be sufficient to define maximum tolerated dose (MTD), a probability estimation would better support dose selection for randomized dose-ranging phase II trials. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 527–9. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Eaton et al., p. 553
Red Blood Cell Dysfunction Induced by High-Fat Diet
Authors: Unruh Dusten , Srinivasan Ramprasad , Benson Tyler , Haigh Stephen , Coyle Danielle , Batra Neil , Keil Ryan , Sturm Robert , Blanco Victor , Palascak Mary , Franco Robert S. , Tong Wilson , Chatterjee Tapan , Hui David Y. , Davidson W. Sean , Aronow Bruce J. , Kalfa Theodosia , Manka David , Peairs Abigail , Blomkalns Andra , Fulton David J. , Brittain Julia E. , Weintraub Neal L. , Bogdanov Vladimir Y. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
High-fat diet (HFD) promotes endothelial dysfunction and proinflammatory monocyte activation, which contribute to atherosclerosis in obesity. We investigated whether HFD also induces the dysfunction of red blood cells (RBCs), which serve as a reservoir for chemokines via binding to Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC).

Methods and Results—

A 60% HFD for 12 weeks, which produced only minor changes in lipid profile in C57/BL6 mice, markedly augmented the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 bound to RBCs, which in turn stimulated macrophage migration through an endothelial monolayer. Levels of RBC-bound KC were also increased by HFD. These effects of HFD were abolished in DARC
–/–
mice. In RBCs from HFD-fed wild-type and DARC
–/–
mice, levels of membrane cholesterol and phosphatidylserine externalization were increased, fostering RBC-macrophage inflammatory interactions and promoting macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. When labeled ex vivo and injected into wild-type mice, RBCs from HFD-fed mice exhibited ≈3-fold increase in splenic uptake. Finally, RBCs from HFD-fed mice induced increased macrophage adhesion to the endothelium when they were incubated with isolated aortic segments, indicating endothelial activation.

Conclusions—
RBC dysfunction, analogous to endothelial dysfunction, occurs early during diet-induced obesity and may serve as a mediator of atherosclerosis. These findings may have implications for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in obesity, a worldwide epidemic.
Racial Disparities in Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Use Persist at Primary Stroke Centers
Authors: Aparicio Hugo J. , Carr Brendan G. , Kasner Scott E. , Kallan Michael J. , Albright Karen C. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , Mullen Michael T. 
Published: October 2015

Background

Primary stroke centers (
PSC
s) utilize more recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐
PA
) than non‐
PSC
s. The impact of
PSC
s on racial disparities in rt‐
PA
use is unknown.

Methods and Results

We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2010, limited to states that publicly reported hospital identity and race. Hospitals certified as
PSC
s by The Joint Commission were identified. Adults with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke were analyzed. Rt‐
PA
use was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 9
th
Revision procedure code 99.10. Discharges (304 152 patients) from 26 states met eligibility criteria, and of these 71.5% were white, 15.0% black, 7.9% Hispanic, and 5.6% other. Overall, 24.7% of white, 27.4% of black, 16.2% of Hispanic, and 29.8% of other patients presented to
PSC
s. A higher proportion received rt‐
PA
at
PSC
s than non‐
PSC
s in all race/ethnic groups (white 7.6% versus 2.6%, black 4.8% versus 2.0%, Hispanic 7.1% versus 2.4%, other 7.2% versus 2.5%, all
P
<0.001). In a multivariable model adjusting for year, age, sex, insurance, medical comorbidities, a diagnosis‐related group–based mortality risk indicator,
ZIP
code median income, and hospital characteristics, blacks were less likely to receive rt‐
PA
than whites at non‐
PSC
s (odds ratio=0.58, 95%
CI
0.50 to 0.67) and
PSC
s (odds ratio=0.63, 95%
CI
0.54 to 0.74) and Hispanics were less likely than whites to receive rt‐
PA
at
PSC
s (odds ratio=0.77, 95%
CI
: 0.63 to 0.95). In the fully adjusted model, interaction between race and presentation to a
PSC
for likelihood of receiving rt‐
PA
did not reach significance (
P
=0.98).

Conclusions

Racial disparities in intravenous rt‐
PA
use were not reduced by presentation to
PSC
s. Black patients were less likely to receive thrombolytic treatment than white patients at both non‐
PSC
s and
PSC
s. Hispanic patients were less likely to be seen at
PSC
s relative to white patients and were less likely to receive intravenous rt‐
PA
in the fully adjusted model.
A new species of Tropidopedia from the Amazon rainforest, Brazil (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a revised phylogenetic overview of the genus
Authors: MAHLMANN THIAGO , OLIVEIRA MARCIO L. DE 
Published: October 2015

We describe a new species of the bee tribe Tapinotaspidini, Tropidopedia guaranae Mahlmann & Oliveira sp. n. from the Amazon rainforest, Amazonas, Brazil. We emend the phylogenetic tree of Aguiar & Melo (2007) to include the new species and comment upon some characters presented by those authors.
Estimating Linear Trends: Simple Linear Regression versus Epoch Differences
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Barnes Randal J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Two common approaches for estimating a linear trend are 1) simple linear regression and 2) the epoch difference with possibly unequal epoch lengths. The epoch difference estimator for epochs of length M is defined as the difference between the average value over the last M time steps and the average value over the first M time steps divided by N − M, where N is the length of the time series. Both simple linear regression and the epoch difference are unbiased estimators for the trend; however, it is demonstrated that the variance of the linear regression estimator is always smaller than the variance of the epoch difference estimator for first-order autoregressive [AR(1)] time series with lag-1 autocorrelations less than about 0.85. It is further shown that under most circumstances if the epoch difference estimator is applied, the optimal epoch lengths are equal and approximately one-third the length of the time series. Additional results are given for the optimal epoch length at one end when the epoch length at the other end is constrained.
Seasonal Influences upon and Long-Term Trends in the Length of the Atlantic Hurricane Season
Authors: Karloski Juliana M. , Evans Clark 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Considering a subset of the North Atlantic Ocean south of 30°N and east of 75°W, Kossin found that the Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) season increased in length, at 80%–90% confidence, by about 2 days per year between 1980 and 2007. It is uncertain, however, whether the same is true over the entire Atlantic basin or when the analysis is extended to 2014. Separately, it is unclear whether meaningful subseasonal variability in the environmental factors necessary for TC formation exists between early- and late-starting (ending) seasons. Quantile regression is used to evaluate long-term trends in Atlantic TC season length. No statistically significant trend in season length exists for the period 1979–2007 when considering the entire Atlantic basin or for the period 1979–2014 independent of the portion of the basin considered. Linear regression applied to June and November monthly mean reanalysis data is used to examine subseasonal environmental variability between early- and late-starting (ending) seasons. Within an otherwise favorable environment for genesis, early-starting seasons are associated with increased lower-tropospheric relative vorticity where most early-season TCs form. Late-ending seasons are associated with La Niña, negative-phase Pacific decadal oscillation events, and environmental conditions that promote an increased likelihood of TC development along the preferred genesis pathways for late-season TCs. While confidence in these results is relatively high, they explain only a small portion of the total variation in Atlantic TC season length. More research is needed to understand how variability on all time scales influences Atlantic TC season length and its predictability.
Global Precipitation Estimates from Cross-Track Passive Microwave Observations Using a Physically Based Retrieval Scheme
Authors: Kidd Chris , Matsui Toshihisa , Chern Jiundar , Mohr Karen , Kummerow Chris , Randel Dave 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The estimation of precipitation across the globe from satellite sensors provides a key resource in the observation and understanding of our climate system. Estimates from all pertinent satellite observations are critical in providing the necessary temporal sampling. However, consistency in these estimates from instruments with different frequencies and resolutions is critical. This paper details the physically based retrieval scheme to estimate precipitation from cross-track (XT) passive microwave (PM) sensors on board the constellation satellites of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Here the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF), a physically based Bayesian scheme developed for conically scanning (CS) sensors, is adapted for use with XT PM sensors. The present XT GPROF scheme utilizes a model-generated database to overcome issues encountered with an observational database as used by the CS scheme. The model database ensures greater consistency across meteorological regimes and surface types by providing a more comprehensive set of precipitation profiles. The database is corrected for bias against the CS database to ensure consistency in the final product. Statistical comparisons over western Europe and the United States show that the XT GPROF estimates are comparable with those from the CS scheme. Indeed, the XT estimates have higher correlations against surface radar data, while maintaining similar root-mean-square errors. Latitudinal profiles of precipitation show the XT estimates are generally comparable with the CS estimates, although in the southern midlatitudes the peak precipitation is shifted equatorward while over the Arctic large differences are seen between the XT and the CS retrievals.
Comparison of the Impacts of Momentum Control Variables on High-Resolution Variational Data Assimilation and Precipitation Forecasting
Authors: Sun Juanzhen , Wang Hongli , Tong Wenxue , Zhang Ying , Lin Chung-Yi , Xu Dongmei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The momentum variables of streamfunction and velocity potential are used as control variables in a number of operational variational data assimilation systems. However, in this study it is shown that, for limited-area high-resolution data assimilation, the momentum control variables ψ and χ (ψχ) pose potential difficulties in background error modeling and, hence, may result in degraded analysis and forecast when compared with the direct use of x and y components of wind (UV). In this study, the characteristics of the modeled background error statistics, derived from an ensemble generated from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model real-time forecasts of two summer months, are first compared between the two control variable options. Assimilation and forecast experiments are then conducted with both options for seven convective events in a domain that encompasses the Rocky Mountain Front Range using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) system of the WRF Model. The impacts of the two control variable options are compared in terms of their skills in short-term qualitative precipitation forecasts. Further analysis is performed for one case to examine the impacts when radar observations are included in the 3DVar assimilation. The main findings are as follows: 1) the background error modeling used in WRF 3DVar with the control variables ψχ increases the length scale and decreases the variance for u and υ, which causes negative impact on the analysis of the velocity field and on precipitation prediction; 2) the UV-based 3DVar allows closer fits to radar wind observations; and 3) the use of UV control variables improves the 0–12-h precipitation prediction.
The contribution of allotment gardening to health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Genter Chris , Roberts Anne , Richardson Janet , Sheaff Mike 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Allotment gardening is a popular pastime which anecdotally contributes to health and wellbeing, although the extent of supportive research evidence is unclear. This systematic review investigates the question: Does allotment gardening contribute to health and wellbeing? Method A systematic search was conducted, including the terms ‘allotment’, ‘garden’, ‘health’ and ‘wellbeing’. Abstracts of identified papers were compared with inclusion criteria, and 10 papers were finally selected. Critical appraisal and data extraction were conducted simultaneously. Qualitative research papers predominated and were analysed thematically. Resultant themes were compared and integrated with the findings of quantitative research papers. Findings Thematic analysis of the qualitative and quantitative papers’ findings revealed five distinct health and wellbeing themes. Allotment gardening provides a stress-relieving refuge, contributes to a healthier lifestyle, creates social opportunities, provides valued contact with nature, and enables self-development. Conclusion This review suggests that allotment gardening does indeed impact health and wellbeing. It is therefore recommended as occupational therapy for people with health problems, and as a health promoting occupation for the general population. Research particularly focused on the impact of group and therapeutic allotment gardening, so further investigations are recommended to explore the health promoting influences of everyday allotment gardening for individuals.
Comparison of enteral and parenteral methods of urine alkalinization in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate
Authors: Rouch Jamie A , Burton Bradley , Dabb Alix , Brown Vicky , Seung Amy H , Kinsman Katharine , Holdhoff Matthias 
Published: October 2015

Purpose Hyperhydration and urinary alkalinization is implemented with all high-dose (HD)-methotrexate infusions to promote excretion and prevent precipitation of methotrexate in the renal tubules. Our institution utilized enteral alkalinizing agents (sodium bicarbonate tablets and sodium citrate/citric acid solution) to alkalinize the urine of patients receiving HD-methotrexate during a parenteral sodium bicarbonate and sodium acetate shortage. The purpose of this study is to establish the safety and efficacy of the enteral route for urine alkalinization. Methods A single-center, retrospective, cohort study was conducted comparing cycles of HD-methotrexate using enteral alkalinizing agents to parenteral sodium bicarbonate. The primary objective was to compare the time, in hours, from administration of first inpatient administered dose of alkalinizing agent to time of achieving goal urine pH. Secondary objectives evaluated total dose of sodium bicarbonate required to achieve goal urine pH, time from start of urine alkalinizing agent until time of achieving methotrexate level safe for discharge, and toxicities associated with methotrexate and the alkalinizing agents. Results A total of 118 patients were included in this study, equally divided into two cohorts based on parenteral versus enteral routes of administration. No statistical difference was determined between the two cohorts regarding time to goal urine pH (6.5 h versus 7.9 h, P = 0.051) or regarding time to methotrexate level deemed safe for discharge (63.5 h versus 62.5 h, p = 0.835). There were no significant differences in methotrexate-induced toxicities. Conclusion Our study found enteral routes of urine alkalinization to be a viable alternative to the traditional parenteral sodium bicarbonate, especially during parenteral sodium bicarbonate and acetate shortages.
Effect of melatonin on the reproductive cycle in female cats: a review of clinical experiences and previous studies
Authors: Schäfer-Somi Sabine 
Published: October 2015

Practical relevance Cat breeders aim to suppress the sexual cycle for a defined period. This is a challenge as most preparations available for this intention are orally administered progestins; however, these drugs may have side effects, especially when used over a long period of time. Long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist implants have been used successfully to suppress the oestrous cycle in cats for a longer period. After removal of the implant, the duration of action was shortened; however, the re-occurrence of normal cyclicity cannot be foreseen. The search for alternatives is therefore ongoing. Clinical challenges Another possibility for oestrus control is orally administered melatonin preparations; however, previous studies have shown that the effect was not satisfactory. After subcutaneous application of a melatonin implant developed for induction of oestrus in sheep (Melovine; Ceva Santé Animale), duration of oestrus suppression was shown to differ highly in individuals and in some cases no effect was observed. Nevertheless, it is used for short-term oestrus suppression in female cats. Aims This article provides an overview of recent studies and clinical experiences of the use of melatonin as a contraceptive in cats. It explains the function of melatonin in cats, discusses previous studies, provides clinical experience with Melovine (27 cases) and elucidates advantages and disadvantages. Evidence base Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.
Telemedicine compared with standard care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized trial in an outpatient clinic
Authors: Rasmussen Ole W , Lauszus FF , Loekke M 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Good metabolic control is important in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve quality of life, work ability and life expectancy, and the use of telemedicine has proved efficient as an add-on to the usual treatment. However, few studies in type 2 diabetes patients have directly compared telemedicine with conventional outpatient treatment, and we wanted to evaluate whether telemedicine, compared with standard care, provides equivalent clinical outcomes. Methods Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allocated from October 2011–July 2012 were randomized to either treatment at home by video conferences only or standard outpatient treatment. Primary outcomes were HbA1c and blood glucose levels and secondary outcomes were 24-hour blood pressure, cholesterol levels and albuminuria. The video-telephone was a broadband solution installed and serviced by the Danish Telephone Company (TDC). Results The improvements in the two treatments, given as changes in percentage of telemedicine vs standard, showed significant differences in HbA1c (−15 vs −11%), mean blood glucose (−18 vs −13%) and in cholesterol (−7 vs −6%). No differences in LDL (−4 vs −6%), weight (−1 vs 2%), diastolic diurnal blood pressure (−1 vs −7%), and systolic diurnal blood pressure (0 vs −1%) were found. Nine consultations were missed in the standard outpatient group and none in the telemedicine group. Conclusions In the direct comparison of home video consultations vs standard outpatient treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus, telemedicine was a safe and available option with favourable outcomes after six months treatment.
Multimorbidity and the process of living with ongoing illness
Authors: White Carolynne , Lentin Primrose , Farnworth Louise 
Published: October 2015

Objectives Living with two or more health conditions, or multimorbidity, is associated with higher rates of disability and lower quality of life. To overcome the challenges associated with multimorbidity, person-centred health care is essential. However, to provide person-centred health care, health professionals first need to understand how people with multiple health conditions experience their illness. Methods Sixteen adult participants, with one or more health conditions, were recruited from hospital outpatient and community health services and interviewed twice. Qualitative data from interview transcripts and field notes were inductively analysed using constructivist grounded theory and life chart methods. Findings ‘Living with ongoing illness’ describes a process involving four interrelated experiences. Participants described, ‘recognising something is not right,’ ‘working out what is wrong,’ ‘getting things under control’ and ‘getting on with life.’ A case example is used to illustrate and compare the process across a participant’s first and subsequent health conditions. Discussion Participants with different health conditions shared similar illness experiences. Yet, the process of living with ongoing illness was unique and differed according to participants’ health conditions and life context. By understanding the experiences, needs, and priorities of people with multimorbidity, health professionals can provide timely and relevant health care.