bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental viewpoint on the information depth of EBSD
Authors: Wisniewski Wolfgang , Rüssel Christian 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis article contains a critical review of the literature concerning the information depth of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and a viewpoint on the topic is formulated. EBSD is applied to a crystal partially covered by a wedge of amorphous glass. EBSD‐patterns of decreasing quality are obtained from a crystal covered by an increasingly thick layer of glass. The location of the last indexable EBSD‐patterns is compared to the last discernible contrast in SEM‐micrographs obtained from the same crystal using accelerating voltages of 2–20 kV. It is concluded that the information depth of EBSD is at least as large as that of an SEM‐micrograph obtained with a voltage of 4 kV from a non‐tilted sample. Concepts of the information depth and experimental approaches are discussed. SCANNING 38:164–171, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes and Stability in Reasoning After a Field Trip to a Natural History Museum
Authors: TENENBAUM HARRIET R. , TO CHERYL , WORMALD DANIEL , PEGRAM EMMA 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDarwinian evolution is difficult to understand because of conceptual barriers stemming from intuitive ideas. This study examined understanding of evolution in 52 students (M = 14.48 years, SD = 0.89) before and after a guided field trip to a natural history museum and in a comparison group of 18 students (M = 14.17 years, SD = 0.79) who did not attend the trip. During the trip, students learned about the “Oxford Evolution Debate.” Students were interviewed before and after the trip and were asked about evolutionary processes in humans, algae, seals, finches, and Tasmanian tigers. Students’ answers were coded as relying on informed naturalistic reasoning (INR; i.e., some understanding of Darwinian evolution), novice naturalistic reasoning (NNR; i.e., intuitive explanations from folk biology and psychology), and creationist reasoning (CR). Students who attended the trip were more likely to increase their use of INR and decrease their use of NNR than students who did not attend the trip. CR was rarely supported. The majority of both groups of students invoked more than one type of reasoning across the questions. The findings are interpreted in relation to use of multiple epistemologies and the benefits of informal learning environments for increasing understanding of Darwinian evolution.
Survey measures of first‐ and second‐order competences
Authors: Danneels Erwin 
Published: August 2015

Research summary: This study tests and validates survey measures of first‐ and second‐order competences in order to foster cumulative empirical research and theoretical refinement in the area of dynamic capabilities. Data from two informants and two time periods for a sample of publicly traded U.S. manufacturing firms are used to examine the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity, and the reliability of scales to measure various levels and types of competences. Findings suggest that customer competence, technological competence, marketing competence, and R&D competence are related but distinct dimensions, evidencing strong validity and reliability. Qualifying this empirical support, it was found that items regarding manufacturing operations and facilities seemed to measure aspects unrelated to the focal competences, and that marketing competence had no relation to future market‐resource accumulation.Managerial summary: This study enhances understanding and measurement of dynamic capabilities, in particular, marketing and R&D second‐order competences. Marketing and R&D second‐order competences are a firm's ability to build new competences to serve new markets or use new technologies, respectively. The ability of a firm to add new market‐related resources (such as brands and distribution channels) and technological resources (such as patents and engineering skills) helps it cope with environmental change and grow in new directions. For firms in stable environments, being able to serve new markets and use new technologies provide opportunities for growth. For firms in turbulent environments, these skills are a matter of survival. Using data collected from publicly traded U.S. manufacturing firms, this study tests and validates questions that can be asked in questionnaires presented to management. It finds that even if a firm has strong skills in serving current customers and great technology, it may not be able to go after new markets or technologies. The survey questions tested here could be used not only by other researchers, but also by practitioners. Managers, management consultants, and industry association advisors could use the scales as diagnostic instruments or to perform benchmarking. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of low temperature on the mechanical properties of glass fibre–epoxy composites: static tension, compression, R = 0.1 and R =− 1 fatigue of ±45° laminates
Authors: Cormier Laurent , Joncas Simon , Nijssen Rogier P.L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEffects of cold climate exposure on structures made of composite materials are scarcely documented. As a result, even if exceptional wind conditions prevail in some cold regions, uncertainties related to composite materials durability at low temperatures may hinder development of wind energy projects in those regions. Therefore, as part of the Wind Energy Strategic Network (WESNet) of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, efforts were made to evaluate the effects of cold climate exposure on the mechanical properties of glass–epoxy composites. Tensile and compressive quasi‐static tests as well as tensile (R = 0.1) and fully reversed (R =− 1) fatigue tests were performed on vacuum‐infused [±45]2s glass–epoxy composites at −40°C and 23°C. Results for quasi‐static tests show an increase of tensile, compressive and shear strengths and moduli at low temperatures. It is also demonstrated that for the stress range under scrutiny, fatigue performance is improved at −40°C for both the R = 0.1 and R =− 1 loading cases. Moreover, the failure mode for R =− 1 fatigue changed from compressive failure due to buckling of delaminated plies to tensile failure, suggesting a more efficient use of the material. However, if R =− 1 fatigue results at low temperature are extrapolated towards the very low stresses that are also part of wind turbine blades fatigue load spectrum, fatigue life may be degraded compared with that at ambient temperature. Finally, evidence of visco‐elastic behaviour leading to changes in s − N curve slope parameter are reported. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival and movement of rehabilitated white‐tailed deer fawns in Connecticut
Authors: Williams Scott C. , Gregonis Michael A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTConnecticut (USA) has a volunteer‐based, white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn rehabilitation program. In 2010 and 2011, 29 apparently orphaned or injured fawns were raised and released at about 3 months of age by licensed rehabilitators at no cost to taxpayers. Our objectives were to compare survival and movements of fawns subjected to 2 different release techniques. Thirteen fawns were soft‐released with feed and water provided ad libitum, and the remaining 16 were hard‐released into a 2,250‐ha block of state forest. Fawns were monitored daily using expandable radiocollars for 30 days and tri‐ or bi‐weekly thereafter. When mortality sensors activated, signs of trauma, struggle, hair, caching behavior, and scats were inspected to determine cause of death, and necropsies were performed in a laboratory for fawns evidently succumbing to sickness or starvation. Hard‐release fawns experienced 100% mortality within 35 days. Sources of mortality included coyote (Canis latrans), bobcat (Lynx rufus), vehicles, and pneumonia. Soft‐release fawns experienced 69% mortality within 86 days from coyote, vehicles, illegal shooting, and legal archery harvest. The Kaplan–Meier 100‐day survival rate for all fawns was 0.138 (SE = 0.064) for both years combined; 86% of fawns were dead within 86 days of release. All fawns exhibited high fidelity to release sites. Some soft‐release fawns survived longer by staying proximate to the pen, but in addition to unacceptably high mortality rates, all fawns, regardless of release technique, lacked the behavioral attributes needed by truly wild white‐tailed deer to survive to adulthood. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Engaging active stakeholders in implementation of community‐based conservation: Whooping crane management in Texas, USA
Authors: Bernacchi Leigh A. , Ragland Chara J. , Peterson Tarla R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTEngaging a variety of wildlife stakeholders in the implementation of conservation plans is an increasingly frequent activity of wildlife managers. In some cases, stakeholders develop interdependent relationships with a species being managed by the wildlife agency, usually when the species is economically important. We studied the potential for engaging stakeholders in the implementation of community‐based conservation in the winter habitat of the federally endangered whooping crane (Grus americana) to better understand the relationships between stakeholders (including landowners and nongovernmental organizations) and wildlife managers when working with charismatic species that provide local economic value. In May–September 2010, we interviewed 35 Texas individuals interested in crane conservation, and then analyzed transcripts using both a priori and emergent coding techniques. We found that active stakeholders were eager to work with wildlife managers because of the charismatic and economic values they attributed to the whooping crane. We also found that these stakeholders responded positively to agency intervention for the purpose of sharing expert knowledge and providing stakeholders with standing in the dynamically complex management practices surrounding the species and ecosystem. By recognizing the interests of active stakeholders, wildlife managers can expand opportunities for positive public participation in efforts to conserve and restore endangered species populations. They can improve community relations by building on already existing positive perceptions of relationships between humans and wildlife. © 2015 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by The Wildlife Society.
Evaluation of autonomous recording units for detecting 3 species of secretive marsh birds
Authors: Sidie‐Slettedahl Anna M. , Jensen Kent C. , Johnson Rex R. , Arnold Todd W. , Austin Jane E. , Stafford Joshua D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPopulation status and habitat use of yellow rails (Coturnicops noveboracensis), Nelson's sparrows (Ammodramus nelsoni), and Le Conte's sparrows (A. leconteii) are poorly known, so standardized surveys of these species are needed to inform conservation planning and management. A protocol for monitoring secretive marsh birds exists; however, these species regularly call at night and may be missed during early morning surveys. We tested the effectiveness of autonomous recording units (hereafter, recording units) to survey these species by analyzing recorded vocalizations using bioacoustics software. We deployed 22 recording units at 54 sites in northern Minnesota and eastern North Dakota, USA, and conducted traditional broadcast surveys during May–June, 2010 and 2011. We compared detection probabilities between recording units and standard monitoring protocols using robust‐design occupancy models. On average, recording units detected 0.59 (SE = 0.11) fewer Le Conte's sparrows, 0.76 (SE = 0.15) fewer Nelson's sparrows, and 1.01 (SE = 0.14) fewer yellow rails per survey than were detected using the standard protocol. Detection probabilities using the standard protocol averaged 0.95 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.86–0.98), 0.93 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.78–0.98), and 0.89 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.56–0.98), but averaged 0.71 (yellow rail; 95% CI = 0.56–0.83), 0.61 (Le Conte's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.42–0.78), and 0.51 (Nelson's sparrow; 95% CI = 0.19–0.82) using recording units. Reduced detection by recording units was likely due to the ability of human listeners to identify birds calling at greater distances. Recording units may be effective for surveying nocturnal secretive marsh birds if investigators correct for differential detectability. Reduced detectability may be outweighed by the increased spatial and temporal coverage feasible with recording units. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Chemical improvement of chitosan-modified beads for the immobilization of Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 l-arabinose isomerase through multipoint covalent attachment approach
Authors: Manzo Ricardo M , de Sousa Marylane , Fenoglio Cecilia L , Gonçalves Luciana Rocha Barro , Mammarella Enrique J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
d-tagatose is produced from d-galactose by the enzyme l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) in a commercially viable bioprocess. An active and stable biocatalyst was obtained by modifying chitosan gel structure through reaction with TNBS, d-fructose or DMF, among others. This led to a significant improvement in L-AI immobilization via multipoint covalent attachment approach. Synthetized derivatives were compared with commercial supports such as Eupergit® C250L and glyoxal-agarose. The best chitosan derivative for L-AI immobilization was achieved by reacting 4 % (w/v) d-fructose with 3 % (w/v) chitosan at 50 °C for 4 h. When compared to the free enzyme, the glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan biocatalyst showed an apparent activity of 88.4 U ggel −1 with a 211-fold stabilization factor while the glyoxal-agarose biocatalyst gave an apparent activity of 161.8 U ggel −1 with an 85-fold stabilization factor. Hence, chitosan derivatives were comparable to commercial resins, thus becoming a viable low-cost strategy to obtain high active L-AI insolubilized derivatives.
Ecological impacts of the austral‐most population of Crassostrea gigas in South America: a matter of time?
Authors: Mendez María M. , Schwindt Evangelina , Bortolus Alejandro , Roche Andrea , Maggioni Matías , Narvarte Maite 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most invasive species worldwide. This oyster has a preponderant ecological role in the invaded environments, for example structuring the benthic community through the provision of micro‐habitats. Twenty‐five years after its introduction in Argentina, the species is colonizing new areas along the coast, extending northwards and southwards its local distribution. In this study, we provide the first ecological characterization of the southern‐most population of C. gigas; where the composition, density, richness and diversity of the macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with zones with oysters were compared with zones where it is absent at four different times of the year. Additionally, the main epibionts taxa settled on the oyster shells were studied. Our results showed differences in the assemblage composition between zones. However, these differences were not consistent throughout the year. Furthermore, density, richness and diversity were higher in the zones with oysters only in one of the surveys and the parameters did not differ between zones in the remaining months. Moreover, the majority of oysters were used as settlement substrate by the sessile common species present in the area. Thus, our work provides new information about the ecology of C. gigas in recently invaded areas that enhance our understanding of the role that facilitation plays in physically stressful ecosystems and the importance that density and time since the invasion may have in the engineering effects of the species.
The effects of platelet lysate on maturation, fertilization and embryo development of NMRI mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle stage
Authors: Pazoki Hassan , Eimani Hussein , Farokhi Farah , Shahverdi Abdol‐Hossein , Tahaei Leila Sadat 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeImproving in vitro maturation could increase the rate of pregnancy from oocytes matured in vitro. Consequently, patients will be prevented from using gonadotropin with its related side effects. In this study, the maturation medium was enriched by platelet lysate (PL), then maturation and subsequent developments were monitored.MethodsOocytes at germinal vesicle stage with cumulus cells (cumulus–oocyte complex) and without cumulus cells (denuded oocytes) were obtained from mature female mice. The maturation medium was enriched by 5 and 10 % PL and 5 % PL + 5 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) as experimental groups; the control groups’ media consisted of 5 and 10 % FBS. After 18 h, the matured oocytes were collected and, after fertilization, subsequent development was monitored.ResultsThe rates of maturation, fertilization and 2‐cell embryo development for the denuded oocyte groups in experimental media 5 % PL and 5 % PL + 5 % FBS were significantly higher than those of the control groups (P < 0.05), while the results for the cumulus–oocyte complex groups were similar between the experimental groups and control groups.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that platelet lysate could improve the maturation rate in the absence of granulosa cells compared to media with FBS. This extract also had positive effects on fertilization and embryo development.
Understanding adolescent psychopathic traits from early risk and protective factors: Relations among inhibitory control, maternal sensitivity, and attachment representation
Authors: Buck Katharine Ann 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPsychopathic traits reflect deficits in behavioral, affective, and interpersonal functioning (Cooke & Michie, 2001). Children with poor inhibitory control may display these traits. Maternal sensitivity and attachment have been implicated in psychopathic traits, but whether they may reduce the likelihood of psychopathic trait expression in adolescence for uninhibited children is largely unknown. The current study attempted to shed light on this issue. Data came from 957 adolescents, followed from 54 months through 15 years. Findings demonstrated that maternal sensitivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of psychopathic traits for males with low inhibitory control. For females, secure attachment mediated the interaction of sensitivity and inhibitory control to psychopathic traits. The current study offers insight into the temperamental traits, parenting, and relational processes involved in psychopathic trait expression during adolescence.
Correlación de inteligencia emocional con bienestar psicológico y rendimiento académico en alumnos de licenciatura
Authors: Sánchez-López Dolores , León-Hernández Saúl Renán , Barragán-Velásquez Clemente 
Published: August 2015

Introducción: Existen numerosos estudios que destacan la relación de la inteligencia emocional con el desempeño académico; sin embargo, la mayoría de los instrumentos empleados para medir la inteligencia emocional han sido diseñados y validados para poblaciones diferentes a la mexicana. Hasta la fecha, no existe estudio alguno que correlacione la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico con la del Perfil de Inteligencia Emocional, diseñada en México, y analice su probable relación en el rendimiento académico de alumnos de licenciatura.
Objetivo: ¿Qué grado de correlación encontraremos entre las escalas de inteligencia emocional y de bienestar psicológico? y, en caso de estar correlacionadas, ¿predecirán el rendimiento académico de los alumnos de licenciatura?
Método: Encuesta transversal, descriptiva y observacional aplicada a un total de 90 alumnos de licenciatura. Las correlaciones de las escalas se efectuaron con r de Pearson o rho de Spearman, según el caso, y las diferencias en los promedios de las escalas según rendimiento académico se contrastaron por análisis de varianza o con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis.
Resultados: La Escala de Inteligencia Emocional arrojó un coeficiente de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach 0.82 (IC 95%: 0.77-0.87, p = 0.0001) y el de bienestar psicológico fue de 0.716 (p = 0.09). A mayor puntaje de inteligencia emocional correspondió mayor puntaje en bienestar psicológico subjetivo y mayor bienestar psicológico material. En general, un hallazgo fue que a menor bienestar psicológico subjetivo hubo mayor promedio de calificaciones en el rendimiento académico (rho: −0.220, p = 0.03).
Conclusiones: Encontramos que, en efecto, las escalas de inteligencia emocional y bienestar psicológico están fuertemente correlacionadas, especialmente las dimensiones de optimismo, logro y autoestima de la inteligencia emocional con la dimensión de bienestar psicológico subjetivo de la de bienestar psicológico; sin embargo, un hallazgo interesante fue encontrar que el mayor rendimiento académico no parece estar necesariamente asociado a mayor inteligencia emocional.
Proceso de validación de un instrumento para medir la lectura crítica de informes de investigación médica
Authors: Cobos Aguilar Héctor , Pérez Cortés Patricia , De la Garza Quintanilla Héctor , Ochoa Castro Carlos Enrique 
Published: August 2015

Introducción: La lectura crítica de investigación es una herramienta de aprendizaje que debe ser manejada por profesores y alumnos. Las estrategias educativas deben enfocarse al aprendizaje activo del alumno. Instrumentos válidos y confiables deben elaborarse para medir los avances en este campo.
Objetivo: Construir, validar y determinar la consistencia de un instrumento para evaluar la lectura crítica.
Método: Instrumento: se revisaron artículos publicados sobre construcción de instrumentos, encuestas, casos y controles, pruebas diagnósticas, ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cohortes, seguimiento y metaanálisis. Se seleccionaron finalmente 8 artículos con los respectivos diseños. Se realizaron resúmenes y se derivaron enunciados y reactivos que exploraban la validez, la consistencia y los diseños, los estadísticos, resultados y discusión. Los reactivos se sustentaban en los indicadores de la lectura crítica: interpretación, enjuiciamiento y propuestas. Se realizó validación por técnica de Delphi en 2 rondas con 6 doctores o másteres en ciencias o educación, con experiencia en estos instrumentos. Finalmente se equilibró con 96 reactivos, 16 por diseño y 32 por indicador, con 48 respuestas falsas y verdaderas. Se calificó en forma ciega y con un programa para evitar errores de captura. Se obtuvieron medianas para el análisis. Se aplicó prueba piloto con 2 grupos de internos de pregrado (neófito G1 e intervenido G 2) y se determinó la consistencia por Kuder-Richardson. Se compararon extremos con U de Mann-Whitney. Se determinó también el nivel de azar.
Resultados: Se obtuvo una consistencia de 0.79, aunque una validez concurrente inadecuada (Spearman = 0.31). Hubo diferencias globales en las medianas grupales G1 vs. G2 (11 vs. 29) así como en respuestas por azar (70% vs.8) y una comparación de extremos significativa (p < 0.0019).
Conclusiones: Es necesario construir y actualizar instrumentos de medición para medir el desarrollo de esta habilidad compleja trascendental en la crítica de la información médicapublicada.