bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olefin Cross‐Metathesis: a Versatile Synthetic Reaction for the Design of Janus Liquid Crystals
Authors: Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Kopp Cyril , Pieper Pauline , Russo Virginie , Heinrich Benoît , Donnio Bertrand , Nguyen Thi Le Anh , Deschenaux Robert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe olefin cross‐metathesis reaction using the second‐generation Grubbs catalyst was employed to prepare non‐symmetrical thermotropic liquid crystals from various mesomorphic or nonmesomorphic type I and type II olefinic constructs, including linear, chiral, dendritic and ferrocenyl olefins. Smectic C, smectic A and nematic phases, as well as chiral smectic A and chiral nematic phases were observed in agreement with the structure and nature of the mesogens. The olefin cross‐metathesis proved to be a valuable chemical reaction in designing dimeric and Janus‐like thermotropic liquid crystals built from two different molecular entities.
Improved Strategy for the Synthesis of the Anticancer Agent Culicinin D
Authors: Stach Michaela , Weidkamp Andreas J. , Yang Sung‐Hyun , Hung Kuo‐yuan , Furkert Daniel P. , Harris Paul W. R. , Smaill Jeff B. , Patterson Adam V. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe anticancer peptaibol culicinin D was synthesised via a newly developed pathway. This route included an improved attachment of a C‐terminal amino acid alcohol building block to 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin. A model system utilising readily available Fmoc‐alaninol as the substitute for the unusual APAE building block was developed to investigate the resin‐loading by N‐anchoring of the first C‐terminal residue and an intramolecular O–N acyl shift. The use of both Fmoc SPPS and the crucial O–N acyl transfer afforded a C‐terminal alcohol that enabled the synthesis of a library of five related peptaibols. This model system was then applied to the synthesis of culicinin D. The C‐terminal APAE building block was anchored to 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin in 67 % loading yield using the optimised conditions, and culicinin D (6.31 mg, 4 %) was prepared by SPPS prior to peptide cleavage and O–N acyl shift. This synthetic strategy was also used to prepare a diastereomer of culicinin D containing the unnatural (S)‐AHMOD amino acid.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Medium‐Sized‐Ring Lactones by Organocatalytic Michael Addition Followed by Reductively Initiated Fragmentation
Authors: Roudier Mylène , Constantieux Thierry , Quintard Adrien , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA new strategy for the rapid synthesis of enantioenriched medium‐sized‐ring lactones was developed. The method combines the organocatalytic Michael addition of cycloalkane‐1,3‐diones to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with a subsequent reductively initiated Claisen fragmentation, which allows access to 10‐ and 11‐membered‐ring lactones with 91 to >99 % ee.
Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals
Authors: Wang Yuexiang , Mao Lanqun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElectrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.
Segmented Thermoelectric Oxide‐Based Module for High‐Temperature Waste Heat Harvesting
Authors: Hung Le Thanh , Van Nong Ngo , Han Li , Bjørk Rasmus , Ngan Pham Hoang , Holgate Tim C. , Balke Benjamin , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Linderoth Søren , Pryds Nini 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report a high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) oxide‐based module using the segmentation of half‐Heusler Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35CoSb0.8Sn0.2 and misfit‐layered cobaltite Ca3Co4O9+δ as the p‐leg and 2 % Al‐doped ZnO as the n‐leg. The maximum output power of a 4‐couple segmented module at ΔT=700 K attains a value of approximately 6.5 kW m−2, which is three times higher than that of the best reported non‐segmented oxide module. The TE properties of individual legs, as well as the interfacial contact resistances, were characterized as a function of temperature. Numerical modeling was used to predict the efficiency and to evaluate the influence of the electrical and thermal losses on the performance of TE modules. Initial long‐term stability tests of the module at the hot and the cold side temperatures of 1073 K and 444 K, respectively, showed a promising result with 4 % degradation for 48 h operating in air.
Changing sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in sediments and ecological risk for nekton in the lower Passaic River and Newark Bay, New Jersey, USA
Authors: Khairy Mohammed , Barrett Kirk , Lohmann Rainer 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were measured in sediments (surface and deeper sediments) and porewater of the lower Passaic River and Newark Bay (New Jersey, USA) to apportion their sources and conduct an ecological risk assessment. Positive matrix factorization was applied to identify sources of PCDD/Fs. Five source profiles were extracted from the positive matrix factorization model applied to the sediment samples including chloranil, combustion, polychlorinated biphenyl impurities, mixed urban sources, and the historical contamination from the former Diamond Alkali plant. The ecological risk assessment was estimated using several lines of evidence depending on site-specific data (blue crab and fish samples representing different feeding habits and positions in the trophic wood web of the river). Porewater concentrations gave the best estimates of lipid concentrations especially in the blue crab samples (with an average factor difference of 3.8). Calculated hazard quotients (HQs) for the fish samples and blue crab were &gt;1 based on the no-effect concentration and tissue screening concentration approaches. At the same time, calculated porewater toxic units were &gt;1. Sediment concentrations exceeded the published sediment quality guidelines for the protection of fish and benthic species, indicating the existence of significant risk to the aquatic life in the Passaic River. Accordingly, further actions and control measures are needed to reduce the emission of PCDD/Fs from ongoing sources. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:550–562. © 2015 SETAC
Variational formulations for single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity at large deformations
Authors: Reddy B. D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVariational formulations are constructed for rate‐independent problems in single‐crystal strain‐gradient plasticity in the framework of large deformations. Provision is made for energetic and dissipative microstresses, and a hardening law based on accumulated generalized slips is introduced. The variational formulations use the flow rule either in terms of the dissipation function or a generalized normality law. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os dating of the Taolaituo porphyry Mo deposit in the Central Great Hinggan Range: implications for the geodynamic evolution of northeastern China
Authors: Wu Chen , Jiang Tian , Wu Chu , Li Hanshi , Li Zheng , Liu Wencan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Taolaituo porphyry‐type molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. The mineralization occurs mainly as veins, lenses and layers within the host porphyry. To better understand the link between the mineralization and the host igneous rocks, we studied samples from the underground workings and report new SHRIMP II zircon U–Pb and Re–Os molybdenite ages, and geochemical data from both the molybdenites and the porphyry granites. Five molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron weighted mean age of 133.0 ± 0.82 Ma, whereas the porphyry granitoids samples yield crystallization ages of 133 ± 1 Ma and 130.4 ± 1.3 Ma. The U–Pb and Re–Os ages are similar, suggesting that the mineralization is genetically related to the Early Cretaceous porphyry emplacement. Re contents of the molybdenites range from 21.74 to 42.45 ppm, with an average of 32.69 ppm, whereas δ34S values vary between 3.7‰ and 4.2‰, which is typical of mantle sulphur. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/ 204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb vary in the ranges of 18.276–18.385, 15.566–15.580 and 38.321–38.382, respectively. The Taolaituo Early Cretaceous granitoids are A‐type granites. These observations indicate that the molybdenites and the porphyry granites were derived from a mixed source involving young accretionary materials and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A synthesis of geochronological and geological data reveals that porphyry emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Taolaituo deposit occurred contemporaneously with the Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with lithospheric thinning, which was caused by delamination and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere associated with intra‐continental extension in northeast China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of APOE promoter polymorphism on the topological organization of brain structural connectome in nondemented elderly
Authors: Shu Ni , Li Xin , Ma Chao , Zhang Junying , Chen Kewei , Liang Ying , Chen Yaojing , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) promoter rs405509 can regulate the transcriptional activity of the APOE gene and is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effects on cognitive performance and the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we performed a battery of neuropsychological tests in a large sample (837 subjects) of nondemented elderly Chinese people, and explored the related brain mechanisms via the construction of diffusion MRI‐based structural connectome and graph analysis from a subset (84 subjects) of the sample. Cognitively, the rs405509 risk allele (TT) carriers showed decreased attention and execution functions compared with noncarriers (GG/GT). Regarding the topological alterations of the brain connectome, the risk allele group exhibited reduced global and local efficiency of white matter structural networks, mainly in the left anterior and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC). Importantly, the efficiency of the left PCC is correlated with the impaired attention function and mediates the impacts of the rs405509 genotype on attention. These results demonstrated that the rs405509 polymorphism affects attention function in nondemented elderly people, possibly by modulating brain structural connectivity of the PCC. This polymorphism may help us to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive aging and to serve as a potential marker assessing the risk of AD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:4847–4858, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of second primary malignancy after nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States: A population‐based study
Authors: Chan Jason Y. K. , Gooi Zhen , Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Agrawal Nishant 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of second primary malignancies in patients diagnosed with an index nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the United States.MethodsThe cohort was assembled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with a primary NPC between 1973 and 2005.ResultsThere was a 47% increased risk of second primary malignancy. The sites with increased risk include the oral cavity and pharynx (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 7.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.21–9.49), esophagus (SIR = 3.50; 95% CI = 1.68–6.44), nose, nasal cavity, and middle ear (SIR = 15.54; 95% CI = 5.70–33.83), and lung and bronchus (SIR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.91–2.96).ConclusionPatients with NPC are likely at a significant risk for second primary malignancies, most notably in the oral cavity and pharynx, which is most likely related to genetic susceptibility, increased surveillance, and treatment effects. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1130–E1136, 2016
False‐positive finding of retropharyngeal lymph node recurrence in both fluorine 18FDG PET and MRI in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Chen , Shu Yu‐Chi , Hsu Chia‐Chen , Lin Chih‐Kung , Lee Jih‐Chin , Chu Yueng‐Hsiang , Huang Wen‐Yen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundBiopsy of the retropharyngeal node is not routinely accessible. The diagnosis of retropharyngeal lymph node recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is often based on an imaging study.MethodsWe reported a patient with NPC who was incorrectly diagnosed with left retropharyngeal lymph node recurrence by both MRI and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT.ResultsA woman who was treated for stage IVA NPC 2 years previously was found to have a nodal lesion in the left retropharyngeal space on MRI together with focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on PET/CT. Locoregional recurrence was suspected, and surgery was performed. Subsequent pathology results showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.ConclusionAlthough tissue biopsy for the retropharyngeal node is technically difficult, this case demonstrates that tumor recurrence cannot be diagnosed even based on both positive findings on MRI and PET/CT in patients with NPC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E84–E86, 2016
Median raphe stimulation‐induced motor inhibition concurrent with suppression of type 1 and type 2 hippocampal theta
Authors: Bland Brian H. , Bland Cheryl E. , MacIver M. Bruce 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigated behavioral, anatomical and electrophysiological effects produced by electrical stimulation of posterior hypothalamic (PH) or median raphe (MR) nuclei, independently and during combined stimulation of both PH and MR. These three stimulation conditions were applied during spontaneous behavior in an open field and during PH stimulation‐induced wheel running, while simultaneously recording hippocampal (HPC) field activity. An additional objective was to determine the effects of MR stimulation on Type 1 movement related theta and Type 2 sensory processing related theta. To achieve the latter, when behavioral studies were completed we studied the same rats under urethane anesthesia and then during urethane anesthesia with the addition of atropine sulfate (ATSO4). Here we demonstrated that electrical stimulation of a localized region of the MR nucleus resulted in a profound inhibition of both spontaneously occurring theta related motor behaviors and the theta related motor behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of the PH nucleus. Furthermore, this motor inhibition occurred concurrently with strong suppression of hippocampal theta field oscillations in the freely moving rat, a condition where the theta recorded is Type 2 sensory processing theta occurring coincidently with Type 1 movement related theta (Bland, 1986). Our results indicate that motor inhibition resulted from stimulation of neurons located in the mid central region of the MR, while stimulation in adjacent regions produced variable responses, including movements and theta activity. The present study provided evidence that the pharmacological basis of the suppression of Type 2 sensory processing HPC theta was cholinergic. However, MR inhibition of PH‐induced wheel running was not affected by cholinergic blockade, which blocks Type 2 theta, indicating that MR stimulation‐induced motor inhibition also requires the suppression of Type 1 theta. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lean Reliability Engineering
Authors: Barnard Albertyn 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany reliability engineering activities practised today cannot contribute to the objective of reliability engineering, which is the prevention of failure. Lean is a management philosophy with the objective of maximising value by removal of waste from all activities. Waste is defined as any non‐value added activity or process. Can lean be applied to reliability engineering?This paper starts with a brief discussion on the essence and practice of both reliability engineering and lean. It provides a definition of value in the context of reliability engineering, and applies this definition to identify categories of reliability engineering activities which can be considered as waste. It is argued that lean can (and should) be used during the development of a Reliability Program Plan to select only value added activities for execution.
Implementation of information technology in a South African construction company: A case study
Authors: Eicker Albert , Weeks Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe unpacking and uptake of technologies and specifically information technology has proven to be a critical strategic tool in many industries, but considering the nature of the construction industry this adoption of new technologies have been relatively slow in comparison (Kim, 2003:25).This research study investigates the technology information implementation strategies and methodologies followed by an industry representative of the construction industry. The main theoretical proposition of the study is to understand the factors that influence technology systems implementation projects at construction organisations and to establish the rational for those influencing factors. The contextual comparison between the approaches followed by the company and of that reported in relevant implementation derived literature highlights the evident disparities and explores the results thereof.The findings revealed that the underlying cause of the implementation problems were in the fact that the technology and overall company strategies where misaligned and that the user requirements for the implementation project were not clearly defined from the onset of the project. Organisational culture and leadership primarily dictates the direction of implementation projects, and the identification and selection of technologies are conducted in an isolated fashion, further driving the internal misalignment between departments and strategies.For future technology implementation projects it is proposed that clear user requirements are established and that thorough change management programmes are utilised to ensure stakeholder buy‐in throughout the organisation, this would also drive the alignment of the different internal business strategies within the organisation.
Requirements engineering for human activity systems
Authors: Erasmus Jonnro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper explores the use of requirements engineering techniques and principles for the description of social systems. The scope is limited to only defining requirements for the system‐of‐interest, thus excluding any attempt to design the system. The requirements engineering domain is briefly investigated to identify the applicable techniques and principles. Systems theory and soft systems methodology are investigated to understand how social systems are currently described and analysed. To demonstrate how requirements engineering and social systems may be unified, the example of an illustrative health care system is used. The paper concludes with the finding that it is a valid approach to use requirements to describe desired characteristics of social systems, for the purpose of giving context and enabling the systems engineering of elements of social systems.
A template for solving wicked problems
Authors: Graves Henson , Garrett Robert K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWicked engineering problems are the ones that are difficult to solve because of complex interdependences between the systems involved, and incomplete, inconsistent, information about the problem context. Wicked problems are dynamic and span many domains with complex legal, ethical, and societal aspects. Analysis of large data sets is at the core of understanding wicket problems. The high volume, high velocity, and high variety of information requires new ways of processing for decision making, insight discovery and process optimization. The ability, and necessity, to offload cognitive processing to computers fundamentally changes the engineering tool set. Cognitive processing by computer offers the ability to generate and test hypothesis of problem causes and solution consequences. Engineers need to understand how these tools work, how they can make problem solving easier, as well as the pitfalls of their use.
Reconfigurability in Decision‐centered System Design
Authors: Houllier Marc 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCorrectly informing the decision makers of the consequences of the various choices they can take during design is an important task which requires specific tools. With as our system of interest an emergency encampment, we explore the design dimension that is reconfigurability. Specifically, we explore the trade‐offs implied by the choice of a reconfigurable architecture and the possibility to include reconfigurability in architecture multi‐objective optimization, with a study of the complexity induced by such an inclusion. Finally, we take a look at a broader set of system properties for which this study applies, and the trade‐offs between these properties.
Towards Combating Poaching in the South African Abalone Fishery
Authors: Giesler A , Joseph‐Malherbe S M 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe challenges to the habitat and marine life of the South African coast are many and varied, for example climate changes, animal/fish population cycle variations, development and recreational demands, subsistence harvesters, traditional poaching culture in some communities, poverty, problems associated with natural disasters, oil spills, mining activities, and criminal enterprises. One of the biggest problems facing South Africa's marine life is poaching, which is the focal point of this paper.This paper proposes a technology enabler to assist with combating poaching. It is based on unmanned surface vehicles (USV) with sensors that patrol identified areas for poaching activities. This USV has a communication system that relays information real‐time from the sensors to a control room where it is monitored. The control room is in contact with enforcement agencies. The interconnection of planning systems, monitoring sensors and visualization tools will enable quick reaction and orchestrated response to threats by one or more of the enforcement agencies.
Generic Model‐Based Systems Engineering Methodology
Authors: Meyer Bernhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a Generic Model‐Based Systems Engineering (G‐MBSE) approach based on an application of generic systems engineering principles. Firstly, these principles are defined, described and illustrated in more detail. Important artefacts are introduced that describe and characterise a system, e.g. system hierarchy, black box and white box system descriptions. Secondly, a generic systems engineering process is described within the context of a customised V‐Model variant. This process is then augmented with a model‐based validation/verification process to help reduce uncertainty and rework with the later design implementation. Ideally, model‐based validation/verification should eliminate most of the deficiencies from, and confirm suitability of the solution/specification. Thirdly, some examples of typical artefacts required for a generic model‐based implementation are presented, which have to be supported by a tool‐based approach. Finally, an appraisal concludes feasibility of the proposed approach, ready for tool support.