bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living dangerously: Biopolitics and urban citizenship in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: ZEIDERMAN AUSTIN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWhat happens when the rights of urban citizens are reconfigured by the biopolitical imperative to protect life from threats? I examine such situations by focusing on how the emergence of risk as a technique of government shapes urban politics in Bogotá, Colombia. Investigating the frames of political engagement within which claims for recognition, inclusion, and entitlement are made, I argue that it is within the domain of biopolitical security that poor and vulnerable populations engage in relationships with the state.
Bird flu biopower: Strategies for multispecies coexistence in Việt Nam
Authors: PORTER NATALIE 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTOutbreaks of SARS, swine flu, and avian influenza have prompted a “One Health” effort to control diseases transmitted between species. Using ethnographic observations from Việt Nam, I reveal how avian flu transforms strategies for living in light of human vulnerability to animals. Positing a multispecies approach to biopower, I argue that techniques for safeguarding human–animal collectivities confront heterogeneous moral codes surrounding animals’ role in knowledge hierarchies, village economies, and notions of individual worth. This analysis provides a framework for reconceptualizing biopower in relation to emerging diseases and reenvisions the role of animals in the politics of life itself.
Genetic variation and cognitive dysfunction one year after cardiac surgery
Authors: Stewart A. , Katznelson R. , Kraeva N. , Carroll J. , Pickworth T. , Rao V. , Djaiani G. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryVarious studies have implicated a potential association between candidate gene polymorphisms and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, yet corroborative studies are lacking. We investigated the variants in genes encoding platelet glycoprotein‐IIIa and apolipoprotein‐E and their relationship with postoperative cognitive dysfunction one year after cardiac surgery. A total of 155 patients were studied; neuropsychological testing demonstrated cognitive dysfunction in 31 (20%) patients at one‐year follow‐up. No differences were detected with respect to baseline characteristics, pre‐operative variables and surgical data between the patients with and without cognitive dysfunction. The PlA2‐allele of the platelet glycoprotein‐IIIa gene was present in 13 (42%) and 25 (20%) patients with and without cognitive dysfunction, respectively, p = 0.012. The apolipoprotein E‐ε4 allele was present in 9 (29%) and 24 (19%) patients with and without cognitive dysfunction, respectively, p = 0.24. Both the PlA2 and apolipoprotein‐ε4 alleles were present together in 6 (19%) and 5 (4%) patients with and without cognitive dysfunction, respectively, p = 0.003. Validation of these findings is required in age‐adjusted non‐surgical controls.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management
Authors: Peterson Julie A. , McFarland Janice G. , Curtis Brian R. , Aster Richard H. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryNeonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, (NAIT) is caused by maternal antibodies raised against alloantigens carried on fetal platelets. Although many cases are mild, NAIT is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns and is the most common cause of intracranial haemorrhage in full‐term infants. In this report, we review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis and prenatal and post‐natal management of NAIT and highlight areas of controversy that deserve the attention of clinical and laboratory investigators.
TCTP increases stability of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α by interaction with and degradation of the tumour suppressor VHL
Authors: Chen Ke , Chen Shuliang , Huang Chunhua , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground InformationThe translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) plays an important role in maintaining cell proliferation and its high expression is associated with many tumours. The tumour suppressor von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL) has been shown to function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Although great progress has been made, biological roles of these factors and relevant molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.ResultsIn this study, we have shown that TCTP specifically binds to VHL through its β domain and competes with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF1α). TCTP over‐expression decreased the protein level of VHL and the inhibition of TCTP expression by miRNA resulted in an increase of the VHL protein level. Moreover, TCTP over‐expression promoted the K48‐linked ubiquitination of VHL, thus degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. In addition, we showed that TCTP increased the protein level of HIF1α, which promoted both vascular endothelial growth factor–hypoxic response element‐promoter‐driven luciferase reporter and endogenous VEGF expression.ConclusionsThese data have demonstrated that TCTP binds to the β domain of VHL through competition with HIF1α, which promotes VHL degradation by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and HIF1α stability.
Liberty and the Post‐utilitarian Society
Authors: Saint‐Paul Gilles 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUtilitarian foundations for limited government are shaky insofar as they assume rational and consistent individuals. Recently economists’ assumption of rational actors has come under sustained attack. Behavioural economics has suggested that people are plagued by irrational biases and inconsistencies. These developments have led to a post‐utilitarianism which is held to justify paternalistic interventions by the state via ‘sin taxes’, direct bans or new obligations. Individual responsibility is seriously undermined, as is faith in markets. Supporters of individual freedom need to move away from utilitarian reasoning, reassert core values of autonomy and responsibility, and define strict limits on the scope of government intervention.
The transferrin receptor‐1 membrane stub undergoes intramembrane proteolysis by signal peptide peptidase‐like 2b
Authors: Zahn Claudia , Kaup Matthias , Fluhrer Regina , Fuchs Hendrik 
Published: February 2013

The successive events of shedding and regulated intramembrane proteolysis are known to comprise a fundamental biological process of type I and II membrane proteins (e.g. amyloid precursor protein, Notch receptor and pro‐tumor necrosis factor‐α). Some of the resulting fragments were shown to be involved in important intra‐ and extracellular signalling events. Although shedding of the human transferrin receptor‐1 (TfR1) has been known for > 30 years and soluble TfR1 is an accepted diagnostic marker, the fate of the remaining N‐terminal fragment (NTF) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that TfR1‐NTF is subject to regulated intramembrane proteolysis and, using MALDI‐TOF‐TOF‐MS, we have identified the cleavage site as being located C‐terminal from Gly‐84. We showed that the resulting C‐terminal peptide is extracellularly released after regulated intramembrane proteolysis and it was detected as a monomer with an internal disulfide bridge. We further identified signal peptide peptidase‐like 2a and mainly signal peptide peptidase‐like 2b as being responsible for the intramembrane proteolysis of TfR1‐NTF.
How much land‐based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals?
Authors: Smith Pete , Haberl Helmut , Popp Alexander , Erb Karl‐heinz , Lauk Christian , Harper Richard , Tubiello Francesco N. , de Siqueira Pinto Alexandre , Jafari Mostafa , Sohi Saran , Masera Omar , Böttcher Hannes , Berndes Göran , Bustamante Mercedes , Ahammad Helal , Clark Harry , Dong Hongmin , Elsiddig Elnour A. , Mbow Cheikh , Ravindranath Nijavalli H. , Rice Charles W. , Robledo Abad Carmenza , Romanovskaya Anna , Sperling Frank , Herrero Mario , House Joanna I. , Rose Steven 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFeeding 9–10 billion people by 2050 and preventing dangerous climate change are two of the greatest challenges facing humanity. Both challenges must be met while reducing the impact of land management on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well‐being. Few studies to date have considered the interactions between these challenges. In this study we briefly outline the challenges, review the supply‐ and demand‐side climate mitigation potential available in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use AFOLU sector and options for delivering food security. We briefly outline some of the synergies and trade‐offs afforded by mitigation practices, before presenting an assessment of the mitigation potential possible in theAFOLUsector under possible future scenarios in which demand‐side measures codeliver to aid food security. We conclude that while supply‐side mitigation measures, such as changes in land management, might either enhance or negatively impact food security, demand‐side mitigation measures, such as reduced waste or demand for livestock products, should benefit both food security and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. Demand‐side measures offer a greater potential (1.5–15.6 GtCO2‐eq. yr−1) in meeting both challenges than do supply‐side measures (1.5–4.3 GtCO2‐eq. yr−1at carbon prices between 20 and 100 US$ tCO2‐eq. yr−1), but given the enormity of challenges, all options need to be considered. Supply‐side measures should be implemented immediately, focussing on those that allow the production of more agricultural product per unit of input. For demand‐side measures, given the difficulties in their implementation and lag in their effectiveness, policy should be introduced quickly, and should aim to codeliver to other policy agenda, such as improving environmental quality or improving dietary health. These problems facing humanity in the 21st Century are extremely challenging, and policy that addresses multiple objectives is required now more than ever.
Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferous forest under experimental warming
Authors: Yin Huajun , Li Yufei , Xiao Juan , Xu Zhenfeng , Cheng Xinyin , Liu Qing 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDespite the perceived importance of exudation to forest ecosystem function, few studies have attempted to examine the effects of elevated temperature and nutrition availability on the rates of root exudation and associated microbial processes. In this study, we performed an experiment in whichin situexudates were collected fromPicea asperataseedlings that were transplanted in disturbed soils exposed to two levels of temperature (ambient temperature and infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (unfertilized and 25 g N m−2 a−1). Here, we show that the trees exposed to an elevated temperature increased their exudation rates I (μg C g−1root biomass h−1), II (μg C cm−1 root length h−1) and III (μg C cm−2 root area h−1) in the unfertilized plots. The altered morphological and physiological traits of the roots exposed to experimental warming could be responsible for this variation in root exudation. Moreover, these increases in root‐derived C were positively correlated with the microbial release of extracellular enzymes involved in the breakdown of organic N (R2 = 0.790;P = 0.038), which was coupled with stimulated microbial activity and accelerated N transformations in the unfertilized soils. In contrast, the trees exposed to both experimental warming and N fertilization did not show increased exudation rates or soil enzyme activity, indicating that the stimulatory effects of experimental warming on root exudation depend on soil fertility. Collectively, our results provide preliminary evidence that an increase in the release of root exudates into the soil may be an important physiological adjustment by which the sustained growth responses of plants to experimental warming may be maintained via enhanced soil microbial activity and soil N transformation. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms by which plant root‐microbe interactions influence soil organic matter decomposition and N cycling should be incorporated into climate‐carbon cycle models to determine reliable estimates of long‐term C storage in forests.
Poroelastic Effects on Fracture Characterization
Authors: Burbey Thomas J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractReverse water‐level fluctuations have been widely observed in aquitards or aquifers separated from a pumped confined aquifer (Noordbergum effect) immediately after the initiation of pumping. This same reverse fluctuation has been observed in a fractured crystalline‐rock aquifer at the Coles Hill uranium site in Virginia in which the reverse water‐level response occurs within a pumped fracture and results from an instantaneous strain response to pumping that precedes the pore‐pressure response in observation wells of sufficient distance from the pumped well. This response is referred to as the Mandel‐Cryer effect. The unique aspect of this water level rise during a controlled 24 h pumping test was that the reverse water levels lasted for approximately 100 min and reached a magnitude of nearly 1 cm prior to a typical drawdown response. The duration and magnitude of the response reflects the poromechanical properties of the fractured host rock and hydraulic properties of the pumped fracture. An axisymmetric flow and deformation model were developed using Biot2 in an effort to simulate the observed water‐level response along an assumed 0.5 to 1.0 cm aperture horizontal fracture 176 m from the pumping well and to identify the importance of the poroelastic effect. Results indicate that traditional aquifer‐testing methods that ignore the poromechanical response are not significantly different than results that include the response. However, the poroelastic effect allows for more accurate and efficient parameter calibration.
A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of EPC Capture Stent on the Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: LIU WEI , PENG YONG , WU BO , LI QIAO , CHAI HUA , REN XIN , WANG XUEQIN , ZHAO ZHENGANG , CHEN MAO , HUANG DE‐JIA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundDamage to the vascular endothelium may be one of the pathophysiological causes of in‐stent thrombosis and restenosis. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) capture stents (ECS) have the ability to accelerate the damage repair process. However, the clinical outcomes of ECS remain unknown thus far.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of ECS use on the clinical outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease by comparing ECS to drug‐eluting stent (DES) and/or bare metal stent (BMS).MethodsStudies and abstracts were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE online databases and from the conference compilations of the American Heart Association (AHA), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT). These studies were analyzed to investigate whether there was a difference in the clinical therapeutic effects between the ECS group and the DES/BMS group. The primary clinical end‐point events were in‐stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary clinical end‐point events were target lesion failure (TLF), total mortality, cardiac death, and myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsA total of 2,024 patients were enrolled in the analysis of in‐stent thrombosis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of in‐stent thrombosis between the ECS group and the DES/BMS group. A total of 1,745 patients were enrolled in the analysis of TLR, and there was no significant difference in the TLR incidence between the ECS group and the DES/BMS group. However, compared with DES, the TLR incidence for ECS increased 1.73‐fold (relative risk [RR]: 1.73, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.01–2.94, P = 0.04). Moreover, the incidence of cardiac death and TLF also increased 3.54‐fold (RR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.13–11.08, P = 0.03) and 1.90‐fold (RR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.05–3.45, P = 0.03), respectively. But compared with BMS, there is no significance of the clinical events.ConclusionCompared with DES/BMS use, ECS use may not reduce the incidence of in‐stent thrombosis and TLR. In addition, the incidence of TLR and cardiac death with ECS is possibly relatively higher compared with DES and no difference compared with BMS, but this also needs more large RCTs to guarantee. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:228–238)
Sexual Rehabilitation and Cancer Survivorship: A State of Art Review of Current Literature and Management Strategies in Male Sexual Dysfunction Among Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chung Eric , Brock Gerald 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe challenges for prostate cancer survivors include the surveillance of prostate cancer recurrence and management of physical, cognitive, sexual, and socioeconomic quality of life issues. Sexual function remains an important issue in men, who often continue to be interested in sex after prostate cancer treatment. The various post-prostate cancer treatment-related sexual dysfunctions are penile deformities and erectile dysfunction (ED); sexual desire and mental health; ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunctions; and changes in partner relationship and dynamics.AimsThe aim of this study is to provide state of art review of the various male sexual dysfunctions in prostate cancer survivors and the management strategies in sexual rehabilitation.Methods and MaterialsA literature search for English language original and review articles either published or e-published was performed using PubMed database. Keywords included prostate cancer, prostate cancer treatment, prostate prostatectomy (RP), sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction (ED), sexual desire, mental health, ejaculation, orgasmic, climacturia, and relationship.ResultsThere has been considerable volume of publication in recent years on prostate cancer-related male sexual dysfunction. Penile deformities and ED shared similar pathophysiology and that penile smooth muscle fibrosis ultimately results in structural alterations and end-organ failure. Penile rehabilitation using oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors is considered the standard of care especially in patients who received nerve-sparing RP and should be instituted as soon as possible to protect and prevent corporal endothelial and smooth muscle damage. However, there is no consensus on the exact timing, dose, and duration of PDE5 inhibitors and its impact in non-nerve-sparing RP and other forms of prostate cancer treatment modalities. Current literature on hypoactive sexual desire, ejaculatory, and orgasmic dysfunctions in patients who received prostate cancer treatment is limited. Psychological and sexual counseling play an important role in rehabilitation and treatment of various forms of male sexual dysfunctions.ConclusionWhile several preventive and treatment strategies for the preservation and recovery of sexual function are available, no specific recommendation or consensus guidelines exist regarding the optimal rehabilitation or treatment protocol. While medical and surgical therapies are effective in erectile function recovery and/or preservation, psychological and sexual counseling are equally important in sexual rehabilitation.
Essentials of Standard Chinese Phonetics for Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Hu Xiulian , Lin Ye , Hunold Cordula , Nelson Katja 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpeech adaptation after oral rehabilitation is based on a complex interaction of articulatory and myofunctional factors. The knowledge of basic phonetic principles may help clinicians identify phonetic problems associated with prosthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article is to illustrate basic phonetic terminology, standard Chinese (Putonghua) phonetics, and the anatomic structures relevant for dentistry. In cooperation with a Chinese linguistic specialist, Chinese articulators were selected and are described and compared with English phonetics. Established test words and sentences aid the identification of mispronounced articulators and their related dental structures. The pronunciation of most consonants and vowels in standard Chinese is similar to English, but some of them, such as the retropalatals (/zh/ [tʂ], /ch/ [thʂ], /sh/ [ʂ]), have notable differences. Palatal consonants (/j/ [tɕ], /q/ [tɕh], /x/ [ɕ]) are unique to the Chinese phonetic system and are not found in English phonetics. The comprehension of the basic anatomic regions involved in Chinese phonetics may help prosthodontists treat patients whose native language is standard Chinese.
Updated Clinical Considerations for Dental Implant Therapy in Irradiated Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Tanaka Takako Imai , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Tindle David Ira , MacEachern Mark , Oh Tae‐Ju 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn increasing number of reports indicate successful use of dental implants (DI) during oral rehabilitation for head and neck cancer patients undergoing tumor surgery and radiation therapy. Implant‐supported dentures are a viable option when patients cannot use conventional dentures due to adverse effects of radiation therapy, including oral dryness or fragile mucosa, in addition to compromised anatomy; however, negative effects of radiation, including osteoradionecrosis, are well documented in the literature, and early loss of implants in irradiated bone has been reported. There is currently no consensus concerning DI safety or clinical guidelines for their use in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. It is important for health care professionals to be aware of the multidimensional risk factors for these patients when planning oral rehabilitation with DIs, and to provide optimal treatment options and maximize the overall treatment outcome. This paper reviews and updates the impact of radiotherapy on DI survival and discusses clinical considerations for DI therapy in irradiated head and neck cancer patients.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy Impact on Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Health, Monitoring Therapeutic Replacement
Authors: Trost Landon W. , Serefoglu Ege , Gokce Ahmet , Linder Brian J. , Sartor Alton O. , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is commonly utilized in the management of both localized and advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The use of ADT is associated with several adverse events, physical changes, and development of medical comorbidities/mortality.AimThe current article reviews known adverse events associated with ADT as well as treatment options, where available. Current recommendations and guidelines are cited for ongoing monitoring of patients receiving ADT.MethodsA PubMed search of topics relating to ADT and adverse outcomes was performed, with select articles highlighted and reviewed based on level of evidence and overall contribution.Main Outcome MeasuresReported outcomes of studies detailing adverse effects of ADT were reviewed and discussed. Where available, randomized trials and meta-analyses were reported.ResultsADT may result in several adverse events including decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, vasomotor symptoms, cognitive, psychological and quality of life impairments, weight gain, sarcopenia, increased adiposity, gynecomastia, reduced penile/testicular size, hair changes, periodontal disease, osteoporosis, increased fracture risk, diabetes and insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and anemia. The definitive impact of ADT on lipid profiles, cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, and all-cause mortality is currently unknown with available data. Treatment options to reduce ADT-related adverse events include changing to an intermittent treatment schedule, biophysical therapy, counseling, and pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsPatients treated with ADT are at increased risk of several adverse events and should be routinely monitored for the development of potentially significant morbidity/mortality. Where appropriate, physicians should reduce known risk factors and counsel patients as to known risks and benefits of therapy.