bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy management strategy of dual-layer fuzzy control for fuel cell mining trucks
Authors: Wang Bo , Tian Shaopeng , Wang Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Taking fuel cell mining trucks as the research object, a dual-layer fuzzy control strategy is put forward to handle the problem of the battery being easily overcharged or over-discharged on uphill and downhill roads. The primary layer of the fuzzy control strategy is used to manage the power of the fuel cell and battery. Then, the secondary one is used to limit SOC fluctuations and prevent battery overcharge and over-discharge. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the equivalent hydrogen consumption, Grey Wolf Optimizer is introduced to optimize the fuzzy membership function. Through simulation results, it’s found that when the SOC initial value is 0.3 or 0.7, this strategy can effectively mitigate the SOC fluctuation amplitude, and the SOC is closer to the target. Meanwhile, the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the optimized control strategy decreases by 2.0% and 4.5%, respectively.
Analysis of noise reduction in natural gas pressure-boosted power generation equipment
Authors: Zhao Song , Xiao Jingwen , Zhang Xun , Liu Kun , Liu Shengbing , Tang Chunling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To address the issue of excessive noise from the natural gas pressure-boosted power generation equipment, this paper conducts a noise analysis on the equipment at a natural gas purification plant in the Southwest oil and gas field. It identifies the primary sources and mechanisms contributing to the noise from the pressure-boosted power generation equipment. The paper clarifies the effectiveness of the existing noise control measures. It proceeds to conduct indoor experimental research on the noise reduction effects of different combinations of sound insulation and absorption materials. It selects optimal noise reduction strategies suitable for different frequency spectra of noise sources and proposes recommendations for noise reduction measures. Additionally, it employs CadnaA software to simulate and validate the noise reduction effects.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of two-phase flow in a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell and study of the effect of flow channel depth
Authors: He Rongwang , Li Peng , Chen Deng , Deng Zhi , Wang Biao , Yu Yuanpeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The flow channel play a critical role in water-gas transfer within an electrolysis cell, directly impacting its mass and heat transfer capacity. While most studies concentrate on the overall shape and structure of the flow channel, limited attention has been given to its dimensions. This paper investigates the influence of various operational conditions and changes in flow channel depth on the electrolytic cell using a three-dimensional numerical model of PEMEC. Results indicate that higher temperatures enhance electrolysis cell performance, whereas the impact of water inlet velocity on the polarization curve is insignificant. Under constant inlet velocity, increasing the depth of the flow channel improves mass and heat transfer as well as electrolysis performance, whereas, under constant water flow rate, changes in inlet velocity have a greater effect than alterations in flow channel depth.
SOC and SOH state estimation of lithium battery based on ffrls and kalman filter
Authors: Xiao Wu , Hong Qingxin , Cui Bowen , Zheng Yunhong , Li Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the energy storage System, the Battery Management System (BMS) is responsible for the charge and discharge control and energy balance control of the lithium battery, and the accuracy of lithium battery state estimation is directly affected by the control effect of BMS. In order to ensure the normal operation of lithium batteries, this paper selects the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of lithium batteries as the research object and accurately estimates the SOC and SOH of lithium batteries as the research goal. The equivalent circuit model based on lithium battery is established, and the identification model parameters are based on the recursive least squares method with forgetting factor. Based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model, the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are used to estimate the SOC of the battery, respectively. FFRLS and Double Extended Kalman Filter (DEKF) are used to estimate the ohm internal resistance in the equivalent model based on lithium battery, and then the SOH is estimated.
Effect of ball milling conditions on the microstructure for alumina-based ceramic with nano-silica additives
Authors: Zhao Liping , Xu Jinyun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ziqi , Li Ming , Peng Zhe , Zheng Chunming , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Alumina-based ceramics, known for their excellent high-temperature stability and tensile strength, are utilized across various sectors like metallurgy, aerospace, and chemicals as thermal insulators and reinforcements. The mechanochemical method, which involves mechanical actions like stirring and grinding to induce chemical reactions without solvents, offers a green, time-efficient approach with minimal pollution. This technique is pivotal for nanomaterials preparation. This study successfully crafts nano-silica-enhanced alumina-based ceramics via mechanochemical methods. The impact of mechanochemical processes on ceramic properties is assessed through particle size, N2 adsorption, and various microscopic analyses.
Experimental research on turning nickel-based superalloy GH4169 under cryogenic cooling mixed lubrication jets
Authors: Che Chang , Wang Yongqing , Liu Haibo , Cheng Yishun , Li Jianming , Han Lingsheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
GH4169 nickel-based superalloy is the material of choice in industries such as aerospace due to its exceptionally high strength, corrosion resistance, and stability under high temperatures. However, GH4169 has relatively poor thermal conductivity, limiting the effective heat dissipation during the cutting process. This causes elevated temperature in the machining area, adversely affecting both the quality of machining and the life of cutting tools, and there are no mature processing techniques currently available to address these challenges. This paper explores a machining method with cryogenic cooling mixed lubrication for turning on GH4169, compared to traditional cutting fluids and only liquid nitrogen cooling. The results show that compared to conventional emulsion machining, techniques using liquid nitrogen cooling and a combination of liquid nitrogen and emulsion significantly reduce tool wear rates and temperature, and improve surface quality, thereby enhancing machining efficiency. These findings offer a new perspective and solution for the machining processes of GH4169 nickel-based alloy.
Influence of post-deformation annealing conditions on microstructures and mechanical properties of hypereutectoid steel wires during cold drawing
Authors: Ni Zifei , Zhao Junyi , Huang He , Zhu Chenlu , Ke Zengguang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This investigation delves into the complex influences of annealing conditions post-deformation, such as duration and heat levels, upon the microstructure, as well as the mechanical properties of hypereutectoid steel wires subjected to cold drawing. XRD and VSM analyses confirmed that higher annealing temperatures precipitated a notable increase in cementite volume, concurrently inducing the spheroidization of cementite lamellae. This transformation was evidenced by the expansion of cementite volume and the transition of cementite layers into a spherical morphology as the annealing temperature increased. The evolution of tensile strength in response to varying annealing temperatures and time revealed two distinct patterns. Initially, at lower annealing temperatures ranging between 200°C and 300°C, tensile strength exhibited an upward trajectory with increasing annealing time. This phenomenon can be attributed to age-hardening mechanisms, notably associated with solution hardening. As annealing time increases, the decomposition of cementite releases additional carbon atoms into the ferrite matrix. These carbon atoms act as effective barriers, hindering dislocation movement within the structure and consequently contributing to increased tensile strength. However, this increase in carbon content within the ferrite matrix also elevated the susceptibility to delamination phenomena. Conversely, at higher annealing temperatures of 400°C and 500°C, a contrasting trend was observed, characterized by a consistent decline in tensile strength post-annealing. This decline could be attributed to the phenomenon of aging softening, wherein the process of spheroidization and re-precipitation of cementite resulted in a reduction of dissolved carbon atoms within the ferrite matrix. Consequently, this led to a decline in tensile strength as well as a reduced incidence of delamination. In summary, the study explored how different annealing conditions affect the structure as well as the strength of hypereutectoid steel wires, revealing detailed mechanisms behind these changes.
Damage of special bolt structures based on multi-scale method evaluate research
Authors: Huang Hailong , Chen Feiyu , Cao Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the service life of underwater bolt structures, the occurrence of fracture failures is influenced by environmental factors such as corrosion and external pressure. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of bolt structures underwater and establish reliable methods for damage assessment, which is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of underwater equipment. This article introduces the concept of multi-scale analysis, considering the influence of initial defects in materials on the structure’s performance. It explores the micro-macro crack evolution mechanism and employs surface-level methods. By utilizing the GTN-based multi-parameter damage constitutive model, the study investigates the extended behavior and stress range under various load states. The findings provide theoretical support for accurately assessing structural safety.
Design of plastering device of plastering machine
Authors: Yu Junhua , Zhang Ying , Tian Feng , Yan Qing , Chen Ze , Wang Wenzheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The plastering machine can effectively improve the plastering efficiency, and the plastering process mainly includes filling the mortar, plastering, floating mortar, and compacting mortar. All of these function is completed by a plastering device. The diversity and complexity of the device increase the production cost and the weight of the whole machine. In order to guarantee the plastering quality and optimize the institution, this thesis designs a plastering device that integrates mortar supply, plastering, surface flattening, and compacting functions. The working process of the plastering mechanism includes upward plastering and downward flattening, mainly achieved by the rotation motion of the hopper. The contour shape of the hopper was designed using the principle of cam mechanism, and the upward plastering and self-locking of the hopper after reaching the top were designed using the principle of connecting rod mechanism. The hopper is supported by two pneumatic springs. The flipping force of the pneumatic springs during the upward plastering and downward plastering processes was analyzed and calculated, which provides the basis for choosing the power of the driving motor.
Research on stiffness matching of support structure of high-precision equipment on satellite
Authors: Xue Bijie , Xu Hongyan , Hu Guojie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper takes the support structure of high-precision equipment on satellites as the research object, and combining it with the characteristics of an actual satellite platform, analyses the stiffness matching between the platform and the load mounting point represented by the axial connecting relay. On this basis, the support structure of two different types of installation points is quantitatively evaluated, the optimal configuration is selected through the analysis result, and the design improvement measures are proposed. It provides a new design idea for the support structure of the same type of high-precision equipment on satellite.
Design optimization of two-dimensional wireless passive force sensor based on finite element analysis
Authors: Zhu Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A two-dimensional wireless and passive sensor based on finite element analysis (FEA) is designed, analyzed, optimized, and tested. The sensor is using the inverse magnetostrictive effect. The sensor included three pieces of sensitive elements that stick to the sensitive area of the elastomer. The FEA mothed is used to assist the design, analysis, and optimization process. The strain-sensitive area of the tension and torque are located in different areas, according to the finite element analysis. When the sensor was fabricated, the sensor’s output performance was tested. The experiment results show that the effective range of tension is 40 N, and the effective range of torque is 4 N·m. The optimized smart structure has a good decoupling effect, which can reduce coupling between dimensions. Finally, the two-dimensional force information can be detected passively and wirelessly.
Numerical investigation of flow around the injector of a Pelton turbine due to eroded needle
Authors: Bhattarai B S , Khatiwada A , Vaidhya N , Satyal S , Chitrakar S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Injectors of Pelton turbines are prone to both sediment erosion and cavitation. This causes degradation of the surface morphology, which aggravates the quality of the jet, lowering the turbine’s performance. The study focuses on CFD analysis of a groove-shaped erosion pattern on the needle and analyses its influence on the quality of the jet at the three stages of erosion. The numerical model comprises of a nozzle with a cylindrical passage for modelling the jet. The research used the SST turbulence model and boundary conditions defined according to the turbine’s data, from which the model was obtained. This study explores the impact of silt erosion on pressure signals around the injector of a Pelton turbine. Needle pressure distribution curves were plotted at various erosion levels and openings, revealing that pressure deviation increases with increase in erosion. The effect turns out to be minimal during high opening levels but becomes substantial as opening levels decrease. Operating in part load conditions leads to a significant pressure drop due to the reduction in flow rate. The pressure distribution tends to become more uniform at full load, achieving optimal flow rates. However, a noticeable pressure drop is observed in the eroded region, reaching a minimum at the deepest eroded area. The pressure drop is further amplified with an increase in the level of erosion, indicating erosion’s disruptive impact on fluid flow. The findings highlight the complex interplay between erosion, needle pressure distribution, and jet diffusion.
Vibrational Analysis on Cooling Fan with Induced Mechanical Faults
Authors: Paudel S , Niroula S , Bhattarai S , Sapkota P , Chitrakar S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the investigation of different mechanical faults such as unbalanced loading, broken blades, and deformed blades induced in a fan using vibration analysis. The fan used in this study was a CPU cooling fan as a representation of a basic fan system giving an idea of vibration signatures when it is subjected to faults conditions. This study assists in developing the techniques of condition monitoring for the diagnosis of failures and faults in fan systems while logging the operating status and trend in performance. The investigation is carried out in the turbine testing lab using a Tri-axial accelerometer and a commercial Intel® CPU cooling fan consisting of 7 blades. The fan was run at different RPMs with normal and fault conditions like unbalanced loading conditions induced by adding mass of different weights, breakage of blades, deformation of blades, and holes in the blades. These faults are induced to simulate various mechanical faults that frequently occur in fan-based systems. The vibration data obtained from the accelerometer are filtered and the time series of acceleration values are plotted using MATLAB. For further analysis of data, the Fast Fourier Transform is done to evaluate the peaks of vibration signals in normal and fault conditions. Vibrational amplitude in fault conditions like Hole-2 has 4.5 times higher amplitude than normal and Cut-2 has 31.5 times higher amplitude.
Simulations of design and high load operation of a model Francis turbine using bridged approach to turbulence modelling
Authors: Sahu Pallav , Masoodi Faiz Azhar , Subbarao P.M.V. , Goyal Rahul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Off-design operation of hydraulic turbines is contemporarily frequented for balance of variable energy intermittence in the electric grid. Being operationally highly flexible, these turbines allow a quick transition to off-design operation from the design point. However, such operational flexibility, and therefore the grid balancing capability is impeded by generation of flow instabilities like vortex breakdown during off-design operation. Vortex breakdown causes losses in efficiency and pressure recovery, pressure fluctuations and possibly mechanical vibrations in event of resonance between system natural and flow field fluctuation frequencies. While substantial experimental and numerical effort has already been made to study draft tube vortex breakdown, an accurate numerical flow characterization of the phenomenon is still a challenge. To this end, operation of a high head model Francis turbine under design and high load regimes using a bridged turbulence modelling approach is simulated. The approach allows a seamless transition between direct numerical simulation and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The highest attainable accuracy is limited by the mesh size. As such a satisfactory compromise between desired accuracy and invested computational effort is attained. The flow in the draft tube is free of anomalies under design specified operation. However, at high load an axial flow stagnation occurs centrally, and the flow is separated about the stagnated zone. The core of the vortex is enlarged with flow recirculation within it. Shear layers between the central stagnant zone and surrounding outflow kink and roll up transforming it into a spiral structure. In this work, a basic yet accurate numerical flow characterization of the aforementioned flow situations is achieved.
Erosion Induced Flow Changes in Pelton Bucket: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Pandey Arun , Shrestha Sajan , Abregu Jim , Nascimben Francesco , Chitrakar Sailesh , Neopane Hari Prasad , Dahlhaug Ole Gunnar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The hydro-turbines working in sediment-laden conditions often experience some material loss from their surface, which modifies the surface design. This material loss alters the mechanical strength of the turbine component as well as the corresponding flow phenomenon. These changes in the flow pattern can lead to efficiency losses, but they can also be exploited to determine the actual condition of the component in real time. In fact, if detected, they can be useful for developing maintenance strategies to predict the turbine conditions in real time. To compare the flow parameters, a numerical simulation has been performed for a 2D stationary Pelton bucket under both eroded and uneroded scenarios considering clean water as the working fluid. The 2D middle section of a reference Pelton bucket has been considered in two configurations: the uneroded bucket case and eroded, whose uneven surface patterns were created taking inspiration from real erosion patterns inside Pelton buckets observed in sediment-laden power plants. The CFD simulations have been carried out using OpenFOAM multiphase solver interFoam. The two cases were then compared based on several flow parameters such as water film thickness, velocity, and exit flow angle. The result analysis confirmed flow disturbances due to erosion causes the decrement in the overall flow velocity and the increment in water film thickness. The velocity reduction effect, as well as the water film thickness increment effect, strengthens approaching the outlet of the bucket. The results also showed a significant alteration of exit flow angle due to erosion. Specifically, for the erosion pattern considered in this study, the exit flow angle was observed to be larger compared to the uneroded bucket case.
Determination of the effects of size parameters and lean angle on Bovet-based Francis turbine runner performance
Authors: Adhikari Neeraj , Gurung Kishor , Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Makhashya Ujwal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In global hydropower generation, the Francis turbine is widely used because of its ability to work efficiently in a wide range of conditions like varying head and flow rates. Turbine’s meridional profile can be developed using traditional design approaches, like the Bovet method which uses empirical relations based on hydrological factors, that can be refined through optimization. Runner performance evaluation considers factors such as efficiency, erosion resistance, resistance to cavitation, and many more. Adjusting design parameters can enhance a turbine’s performance at a particular site. In this paper, a Bovet-based Francis runner design was obtained for Damile Micro Hydro located at Pharping, Nepal and the effect of variation of size parameters and lean angle on the runner performance was investigated. Initially, In-house MATLAB codes were used to design 99 meridional profile of different sizes by changing the size parameters as indicated by Bovet method and numerical simulation was performed to select the best meridional profile based on efficiency. After obtaining best meridional profile, the effect of lean angle was studied by varying it from -10° to 10°. Among the 99 designs based on different sizes, the simulation results indicate that the maximum efficiency was found to be 92.3% whereas the minimum efficiency was found to be 87.84%. The corrected lean angle of -5° showed the maximum efficiency and better pressure distribution along the blade.
Seismic Assessment of an Old Historical Unreinforced Masonry Power House Building
Authors: Bashyal Jhabindra , Acharya Sabin , Sundar Khadka Shyam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Design of unreinforced masonry buildings is a major concern in seismically active zones in Nepal. The ChandraJyoti Jalvidhyut Power House, a historical landmark in Nepal, represents the nation’s pioneering effort in hydropower generation and signifies its rich cultural heritage. This study comprehensively assesses the structural assessment and seismic performance deficiencies of the ChandraJyoti Jalvidhyut Power House. Material tests on bricks with the individual properties and behaviour of construction materials were done. Utilizing a finite element model in DIANA software V 10.5, the structure’s response under pushover loading conditions is simulated, providing insights into its structural behaviour. Additionally, fragility curves are developed to correlate earthquake intensity with the probability of damage, offering essential information for preservation strategies and seismic risk mitigation. The compressive strength test of bricks, with a value of 9.6 MPa, falls short of the 10 MPa minimum requirement specified by NBC 203:2015, indicating insufficient load-bearing capacity. The building’s pushover analysis shows that the longitudinal direction experiences higher lateral forces (base shear of 945.87 kN) and greater drift ratios exceeding 0.4%, which increases the likelihood of cracks compared to the transverse direction (base shear of 826.77 kN). The analysis also highlights significant nonlinear behavior in both directions, with maximum roof displacements of 35.18 mm (transverse) and 34.4 mm (longitudinal), reflecting the impact of structural irregularities.