bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β1 Adrenoceptor antagonistic effects of the supposedly selective β2 adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 on the positive inotropic effect of adrenaline in murine hearts
Authors: Pecha Simon , Flenner Frederik , Söhren Klaus‐Dieter , Lorenz Kristina , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStudies on the relative contribution of β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptors (AR) generally employ selective β1‐ and β2‐AR antagonists such as CGP 20712A and ICI 118,551, respectively, and assume that antagonism by one of these compounds indicates mediation by the respective AR subtype. Here, we evaluated the β2‐AR‐selectivity of ICI 118,551 in ventricular muscle strips of transgenic mice lacking β1‐AR (β1‐KO), β2‐AR (β2‐KO), or both (β1/β2‐KO). Strips were electrically driven and force development was measured. In wild type (WT), ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/L) shifted the concentration–response curve (CRC) for adrenaline by about 0.5 log units to the right, corresponding to the known affinity of ICI 118,551 to β1‐AR but not to β2‐AR. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram (10 μmol/L) shifted the CRC to the left, but did not enlarge the ICI 118,551 shift, indicating exclusive β1‐AR mediation even when PDE4 is inactive. In line with this, rolipram and ICI 118,551 had similar effects in β2‐KO than in WT. In contrast, β1‐KO did not show any inotropic reaction to adrenaline (+/− rolipram). In WT, the β1‐AR selective antagonist CGP 20712A (100 nmol/L) shifted the CRC for isoprenaline by 2.1 log units, corresponding to the affinity of CGP 20712A to β1‐AR. Rolipram increased the sensitivity to adrenaline independently of the presence of CGP 20712A. We conclude that effects sensitive to the β2‐AR antagonist ICI 118,551 are not necessarily β2‐AR‐mediated and CGP 20712A‐resistant effects cannot be simply interpreted as β2‐AR‐mediated. Catecholamine effects in murine ventricles strictly depend on β1‐AR, even if PDE 4 is blocked.
Stahlguss im Bauwesen
Authors: Spannaus Max , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBeim Einsatz von Stahlguss muss der Tragwerksplaner schon in der Entwurfs‐ und Planungsphase die innere Beschaffenheit eines Bauteils festlegen, da diese den rechnerisch ansetzbaren Bauteilwiderstand direkt beeinflusst. Aufgrund unzureichender normativer Regelung fehlt jedoch eine Entscheidungsgrundlage, sodass aus technischen Gesichtspunkten oftmals eine zu hohe Gütestufe verlangt wird, die die Herstellungskosten erhöht. Im Rahmen eines aktuellen Forschungsprojekts an der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie soll die Grundlage für die Erweiterung der bestehenden Regelwerke auf Basis experimenteller und numerischer Untersuchungen geschaffen werden. Ziel ist die Erarbeitung einer Bemessungsgrundlage, die den direkten Zusammenhang zwischen Ausnutzungsgrad, Bauteildicke und benötigter Gütestufe herstellt. Dieser Beitrag rezensiert den aktuellen Stand der technischen Baubestimmungen und gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der bisherigen Arbeiten im Forschungsprojekt.Cast steel in civil engineering. The structural engineer already has to determine during the design and planning phase the internal condition of a component by using cast steel, because it directly influences the mathematically calculated component resistance. However, due to insufficiently normative regulations a basis for decisions lacks, so that from technical aspects a too high quality grade is often demanded that increases manufacturing costs. Within the scope of a current research project at the Research Center for Steel, Timber and Masonry at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, a foundation for an expansion of the existing regulations based on experimental and numerical investigations is to be provided. The aim is the development of an assessment base that establishes the direct relation between stress ratio, thickness of component and required quality grade. This contribution reviews the current status of the technical building regulations and gives an overview of the status of the work in the research project carried out so far.
Vereinfachtes Verfahren für den Beulnachweis bei Ausnutzung plastischer Querschnittsreserven durch Einführung einer “wirksamen Blechdicke“
Authors: Naumes Johannes , Geißler Karsten , Bartzsch Matthias 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDurch die Einführung einer “wirksamen Blechdicke“ werden die beiden im Eurocode 3‐1‐5 enthaltenen Verfahren zum Nachweis der Beulsicherheit ineinander überführt. Das Ergebnis ist ein zweistufiges Verfahren, das die Einfachheit der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen und die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Methode der wirksamen Breiten in sich vereint. Dieses bereits in der Zeitschrift Stahlbau [4] vorgestellte vereinfachte Verfahren wird hier anhand eines Praxisbeispiels ausführlich erläutert und diskutiert.Simplified Method to exploit the plastic buckling resistance by introducing an effective plate thickness – explanations and examples. By introducing an effective plate‐thickness both approaches of the Eurocode 3‐1‐5 to calculate the buckling resistance are merged together. The outcome is a two‐step method, which combines the ease of use of the reduced stress method and the high cross‐section resistances of the effecticvep width method. This simplified method, which have already been presented in the journal Stahlbau [4], is demonstrated and discussed in detail by a practical example.
Epoxy‐ and acrylic‐bonded joints for strengthening lightweight steel girders
Authors: Sahellie Samer , Pasternak Hartmut 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral attempts have been made to introduce the adhesive bonding technique into steel construction, showing that this technique is promising and could replace traditional joining methods such as bolts, rivets and welding. Epoxy adhesive is used for structural joints more than acrylic due to its advanced properties such as its high capacity and its relatively good resistance to aging and environmental effects when compared with acrylic.The following paper briefly shows the difference between the use of epoxy and acrylic adhesives when bonding steel plates to strengthen lightweight cold‐formed galvanized steel girders. The thickness of the adhesive layers is 0.65 mm. Strengthened girders were tested experimentally at room temperature (20 °C) in 3‐point bending tests and numerically investigated at –20 °C and 40 °C. The results show the efficiency of the bonded strengthening joints and that acrylic has an advantage in that it can absorb the deformations of the ductile steel without breaking.Verstärkung von Stahlleichtbauprofilen durch Epoxid‐ und Acrylat‐Klebverbindungen. Bei der Untersuchung von Klebverbindungen im Stahlleichtbau hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Technik erfolgversprechend ist und die traditionellen Fügetechniken, wie Schrauben, Nieten und Schweißen, ersetzen kann. Epoxidklebstoff wird bei Stahlverbindungen häufiger verwendet als Acrylatklebstoff, da dieser bessere Eigenschaften wie hohe Festigkeit, relativ gute Alterungsbeständigkeit und Umweltauswirkungen hat.Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der Verstärkung eines verzinkten Stahlleichtbauprofils den Unterschied zwischen Epoxid‐ und Acrylatklebstoffen. Die Dicke der Klebstoffschicht beträgt 0,65 mm. Der verstärkte Träger wird bei Raumtemperatur (20 °C) im 3‐Punkt‐Biegeversuch getestet und numerisch bei Temperaturen von –20 °C und 40 °C simuliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die durch Kleben verstärkte Verbindung effektiv ist. Acrylat‐Klebverbindungen haben den Vorteil, dass sie die Verformungen des duktilen Stahls ohne Bruch aufnehmen können.
Zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit von feuerverzinkten Zugstäben mit Endgewinden
Authors: Unglaub Julian , Reininghaus Matthias , Thiele Klaus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEs ist bekannt, dass das Fertigungsverfahren von Zugstäben mit Endgewinden einen großen Einfluss auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit hat. Der Einfluss des Feuerverzinkens auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit ist jedoch weniger bekannt. Es werden die Ergebnisse von Ermüdungsversuchen an geschnittenen, gerollten, gerollt feuerverzinkten und feuerverzinkt gerollten Zugstangen mit Endgewinden präsentiert und diskutiert.Fatigue of tension rods with hot dipped galvanized threads. It is known that the manufacturing process of tension rods with threads has a great influence on the fatigue strength. The impact of hot‐dip galvanized tension rods on the fatigue strength is less well known. The results of fatigue tests of cut, rolled, rolled hot dipped galvanized and hot dipped galvanized rolled threads will be presented and discussed.
Synthesis, Structure, and Photoluminescence Properties of an Organically‐Templated Uranyl Selenite
Authors: Liu Dong‐Sheng , Kuang Han‐Mao , Chen Wen‐Tong , Luo Qiu‐Yan , Sui Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe organically‐templated uranyl selenite, (H2en)[(UO2)(SeO3)(HSeO3)](NO3)·0.5H2O (1) (en = 1,2‐ethylenediamine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, TG, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca, with a = 13.170(3) Å, b = 11.055(2) Å, c = 18.009(4) Å, V = 2621.8(9) Å3, M = 1316.19, Z = 4, Dcal = 3.334 g·cm–3, μ(Mo‐Kα) = 17.998 mm–1, GOF = 1.059, R1 = 0.0263, wR2 = 0.0532 [I>2σ(I)]. The X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 has a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure. It contains negatively charged [UO2(HSeO3)(SeO3)]– inorganic anion layers and is balanced by [H2en]2+ cations and NO3– anions located in the interlayers. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 1 were investigated.
Clinical Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Patients with Ipsilateral Intracranial Stenosis
Authors: Ballotta Enzo , Toniato Antonio , Da Roit Anna , Baracchini Claudio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and purposeThe risk of perioperative stroke and the benefits of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) remain uncertain in the case of an ipsilateral intracranial stenosis. The aim of this observational study was to analyze the early and late outcomes of CEA in patients with a carotid tandem lesion (CTL), defined as a severe stenosis at the bifurcation with any concomitant lesion ≥50 % involving the intracranial portion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery or the main trunk of the anterior or middle cerebral artery.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2009, 1143 patients underwent CEA for symptomatic or asymptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis according to the NASCET and ACAS recommendations, respectively. CTLs were diagnosed in 219 patients (19.2 %) by extracranial and transcranial color‐coded Doppler sonography combined with noninvasive brain imaging studies. The primary endpoints of the study were perioperative (30‐day) stroke and death, and any ipsilateral ischemic adverse events during the follow‐up, which ranged from 0.1 to 10 years (mean 4.9 ± 3.3 years). The rates of the primary endpoints were compared between patients with (group I) and without CTL (group II).ResultsOverall, 219 CEAs were performed in group I and 924 in group II. Nearly two in three of the carotid lesions (777 of 1143, 68 %) were symptomatic at presentation (62.1 % in group I vs 69.4 % in group II; p = 0.03), with a 23.8 % rate of stroke (21.9 % in group I vs 24.2 % in group II; p = 0.85). There were 2 (0.9 %) perioperative ipsilateral strokes in group I and 5 (0.5 %) in group II (p = 0.62), and no deaths. The 5‐year ipsilateral stroke‐free, any stroke‐free, and overall survival rates did not differ significantly between patients with and without CTL.ConclusionsThis study has shown that patients with and without CTL who underwent CEA had a similar occurrence of perioperative adverse events (probably due to the extremely low incidence of perioperative complications) and comparable late outcomes, suggesting that the presence of CTL does not justify refusing CEA for patients who could benefit from it.
Functional manipulations of the tetramycin positive regulatory gene ttmRIV to enhance the production of tetramycin A and nystatin A1 in Streptomyces ahygroscopicus
Authors: Cui Hao , Ni Xianpu , Shao Wei , Su Jian , Su Jiaqi , Ren Jun , Xia Huanzhang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A putative regulatory gene ttmRIV located in the tetramycin biosynthetic gene cluster was found in Streptomyces ahygroscopicus. In-frame deletion of ttmRIV led to abolishment of tetramycin and significant enhancement of nystatin A1, whose production reached 2.1-fold of the H42 parental strain. Gene complementation by an integrative plasmid carrying ttmRIV restored tetramycin biosynthesis revealed that ttmRIV was indispensable to tetramycin biosynthesis. Gene expression analysis of the H42 strain and its mutant strain ΔttmRIV via reverse transcriptase-PCR of the tetramycin gene cluster demonstrated that the expression levels of most biosynthetic genes were reduced in ΔttmRIV. Results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that TtmRIV bound the putative promoters of several genes in the tetramycin pathway. Thus, TtmRIV is a pathway-specific positive regulator activating the transcription of the tetramycin gene cluster in S. ahygroscopicus. Providing an additional copy of ttmRIV under the control of the ermEp* promoter in the H42 strain boosted tetramycin A production to 3.3-fold.
Genomic Testing: a Genetic Counselor's Personal Reflection on Three Years of Consenting and Testing
Authors: Wynn Julia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) is increasingly used in research and clinical genetics as the cost of sequencing decreases and the interpretation improves. Genetic counselors need to be prepared to counsel a diverse patient population for this complex test. This commentary is a reflection of one genetic counselor's experiences in counseling, consenting, and returning results for clinical and research WES for over 120 participants and patients. She reflects on how she overcame the initial challenges and concerns of counseling for WES and how her counseling evolved from a teaching based counseling model to an interactive patient‐center counseling model. Her insights are offered to prepare other genetic counselors for the growing use of genomic testing.
Fatty Acid and Lipid Profiles with Emphasis on n‐3 Fatty Acids and Phospholipids from Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Zhao Yadong , Wang Miao , Lindström Mikael E. , Li Jiebing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to establish Ciona intestinalis as a new bioresource for n‐3 fatty acids‐rich marine lipids, the animal was fractionated into tunic and inner body tissues prior to lipid extraction. The lipids obtained were further classified into neutral lipids (NL), glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL) followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis using GC‐FID, GC–MS, 1H NMR, 2D NMR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and LC–ESI–MS methods. It was found that the tunic and inner body tissues contained 3.42–4.08 % and 15.9–23.4 % of lipids respectively. PL was the dominant lipid class (42–60 %) irrespective of the anatomic fractions. From all lipid fractions and classes, the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n‐9, C20:1n‐9, C20:5n‐3 (EPA) and C22:6n‐3 (DHA). The highest amounts of long chain n‐3 fatty acids, mainly EPA and DHA, were located in PL from both body fractions. Cholestanol and cholesterol were the dominant sterols together with noticeable amounts of stellasterol, 22 (Z)‐dehydrocholesterol and lathosterol. Several other identified and two yet unidentified sterols were observed for the first time from C. intestinalis. Different molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (34 species), sphingomyelin (2 species), phosphatidylethanolamine (2 species), phosphatidylserine (10 species), phosphatidylglycerol (9 species), ceramide (38 species) and lysophospholipid (5 species) were identified, representing the most systematic PL profiling knowledge so far for the animal. It could be concluded that C. intestinalis lipids should be a good alternative for fish oil with high contents of n‐3 fatty acids. The lipids would be more bioavailable due to the presence of the fatty acids being mainly in the form of PL.
Inventory record inaccuracy: Causes and labor effects
Authors: Chuang Howard Hao‐Chun , Oliva Rogelio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInventory record inaccuracy (IRI) is a pervasive problem in retailing and causes non‐trivial profit loss. In response to retailers’ interest in identifying antecedents and consequences of IRI, we present a study that comprises multiple modeling initiatives. We first develop a dynamic simulation model to compare and contrast impacts of different operational errors in a continuous (Q,R) inventory system through a full‐factorial experimental design. While backroom and shelf shrinkage are found to be predominant drivers of IRI, the other three errors related to recording and shelving have negligible impacts on IRI. Next, we empirically assess the relationships between labor availability and IRI using longitudinal data from five stores in a global retail chain. After deriving a robust measure of IRI through Bayesian computation and estimating panel data models, we find strong evidence that full‐time labor reduces IRI whereas part‐time labor fails to alleviate it. Further, we articulate the reinforcing relationships between labor and IRI by formally assessing the gain of the feedback loop based on our empirical findings and analyzing immediate, intermediate, and long‐term impacts of IRI on labor availability. The feedback modeling effort not only integrates findings from simulation and econometric analysis but also structurally explores the impacts of current practices. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for practitioners and researchers.
Comparación de factores sociales asociados al estatus académico en estudiantes de Medicina
Authors: Gómez López Víctor Manuel , Rosales Gracia Sandra , Maldonado Vigil Martha Patricia 
Published: August 2015

Introducción: Una de las metas de los directivos de las escuelas y facultades de Medicina debe ser el lograr que los alumnos de esta carrera adquieran las competencias suficientes para poder desempeñarse de manera eficiente en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, hay que reconocer que en el proceso educativo son fundamentales ciertas características del alumno para poder alcanzar el propósito de la formación en Medicina, así como de las competencias docentes.
Objetivo: Comparar la asociación que existe de algunos factores sociales entre alumnos de la carrera de Medicina, de acuerdo con su estatus académico.
Método: Durante el ciclo académico 2013-02 se realizó un estudio observacional, prolectivo y comparativo, en donde se incluyeron 336 alumnos de la licenciatura de Medicina de una escuela del sector privado del sur de Tamaulipas, los cuales en ese momento estaban inscritos entre el segundo y el séptimo semestre y que aceptaron participar en el estudio contestando un cuestionario acerca de los factores sociales relacionados con el rendimiento académico. Para el análisis estadístico de las variables cuantitativas se utilizaron promedios y desviación estándar, y para las variables cualitativas, porcentajes. Para comparar la frecuencia de los diferentes factores estudiados en los grupos se utilizó la Ji cuadrado con un nivel de significación de 0.05.
Resultados: Existió una mayor frecuencia de ser alumno irregular en el género femenino (52.4% vs. 47.6%). El nivel educativo de los padres no mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con el hecho de ser alumno regular o irregular.
Conclusiones: Existe una asociación positiva entre el hecho de vivir con ambos padres y ser alumno regular. La satisfacción de la función familiar percibida por los estudiantes no tiene asociación con el hecho de ser alumno regular.
Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for atmospheric waves
Authors: Godin Oleg A. 
Published: August 2015

Ray and Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximations have long been important tools in understanding and modelling propagation of atmospheric waves. However, contradictory claims regarding the applicability and uniqueness of the WKB approximation persist in the literature. Here, we consider linear acoustic–gravity waves (AGWs) in a layered atmosphere with horizontal winds. A self-consistent version of the WKB approximation is systematically derived from first principles and compared toad hocapproximations proposed earlier. The parameters of the problem are identified that need to be small to ensure the validity of the WKB approximation. Properties of low-order WKB approximations are discussed in some detail. Contrary to the better-studied cases of acoustic waves and internal gravity waves in the Boussinesq approximation, the WKB solution contains the geometric, or Berry, phase. The Berry phase is generally non-negligible for AGWs in a moving atmosphere. In other words, knowledge of the AGW dispersion relation is not sufficient for calculation of the wave phase.
Fine Water: A Hedonic Pricing Approach
Authors: Capehart Kevin W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBottles of water vary in price with some priced as if they were bottles of fine wine. This article attempts to explain price differences between over 100 bottled waters included in a guidebook to fine waters by drawing on the hedonic pricing approach, which has been used to try to explain price differences among bottles of wine. As part of that approach, the price of each bottled water is regressed against various characteristics, including those related to its water. Water-related characteristics explain only a small part of the price differences among the bottled waters. Thus, to a large extent, the premium that consumers pay for a more expensive bottled water does not seem to be a premium for its water. (JEL Classifications: C21, Q25)
First abundance estimate of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Brazil by aerial survey
Authors: Alves Maria Danise , Kinas Paul Gerhard , Marmontel Miriam , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Costa Alexandra Fernandes , Schiel Nicola , Araújo Maria Elisabeth 
Published: August 2015

We estimated the abundance of Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) through a large-scale project conducted in 2010 in north-eastern Brazil and evaluated the efficacy of an aerial survey for conservation purposes. Two observers conducted the survey via flights that maintained an altitude of 150 m and an air speed of 140 km h−1, covering over 2590.2 km2of the coastline. Strip transects were flown in a zigzag pattern. A total of 67 manatees (on- and off-effort) were recorded in 55 sightings. Historical published records of occurrence were formally incorporated using a Bayesian approach. We estimated the manatee population for north-eastern Brazil in the form of a posterior distribution with a mean of 1104 individuals and a 95% posterior probability interval ranging from 485 to 2221 individuals, which indicates high uncertainty. More large-scale studies in the region are warranted to understand temporal trends, in addition to further studies in hotspot areas, with smaller spatial scales, to reduce the coefficient of variation and to allow the use of improved techniques for monitoring the manatees. A greater emphasis on species-specific characteristics and methods to enhance detection probability (e.g. dual observers) are also recommended. The conditions prevailing along the study area were not conducive to aerial surveillance; thus, the results are not a precise estimate of the manatee population. However, these highlight the importance of conservation efforts for the Antillean manatee, considered the most endangered aquatic mammal in Brazil.
A brief overview of legal interoperability challenges for NATO arising from the interrelationship between IHL and IHRL in light of the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Abbott Kirby 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article briefly overviews some of the current and future challenges to NATO legal interoperability arising from the relationship between international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law generally and between IHL and the European Convention on Human Rights in particular.