bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firearm Policy in the Hospital Setting—Recognizing Health Care as a “Sensitive Place”
Authors: Romero Joshua B. , Aaron Daniel G. , Saver Richard S. , Blocher Joseph 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceHospitals are hot zones of the US gun injury epidemic. To shelter these facilities from the dangers of gun violence, state legislatures have enacted laws to reduce the carrying of firearms on hospital premises. However, these efforts currently face serious Second Amendment challenges in federal courts. The ongoing legal battles, which have wide-ranging implications for patient and clinician safety as well as public health generally, are setting the stage for a Supreme Court case that may decide the fate of firearm regulations in US hospitals. A permissible pathway for advancing sensible gun regulation in hospitals is urgently needed.ObservationsSince the Supreme Court established a new constitutional test for firearm laws in New York State Rifle &amp;amp; Pistol Association v Bruen (2022), states now face unprecedentedly high barriers to enacting health-protecting legislation regarding firearms. Post-Bruen, the Supreme Court requires that laws be consistent with “this Nation’s historical tradition of firearms regulation.” This means that states hoping to enact laws barring public carry of firearms in hospitals must demonstrate that hospitals are a “sensitive place” as a historical matter (ie, analogous to a location where firearms were traditionally restricted). By reasoning from analogy, it is clear several historical comparators exist for regulating firearms in hospitals. Although the hospital (as understood today) did not exist in the 1700s, it is sufficiently analogous to asylums and schools, to name a few examples. These settings all share a common denominator with the modern-day hospital: serving vulnerable populations or individuals who may be at heightened risk of misusing firearms.Conclusions and RelevanceThe Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Second Amendment right to bear arms is threatening democratically enacted laws seeking to shelter hospitals from firearm violence. However, it is clear that hospitals and other health care settings are a sensitive place with compelling historical analogies. Policymakers’ strategic deployment of the sensitive places designation, along with its rightful judicial recognition in the hospital setting, are critical to upholding laws that protect health care facilities, patients, and professionals from firearm violence—a conclusion consistent with the US Constitution, history, medical ethics, and common sense.
Recurrence Rate of Small Melanoma In Situ on Low-Risk Sites Excised With 5-mm Excisional Margin
Authors: Sun Cong , Lim Alvin , De’Ambrosis Brian , Yong-Gee Simon , Pool Louis , Muir James 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of melanoma in situ (MIS) has increased significantly over the past decades, and traditional guidelines for treatment of MIS have been excision with a 5-mm clinical margin; however, current Australian and other guidelines now recommend 5- to 10-mm margins. This changed recommendation was largely driven by the outcomes of studies using Mohs micrographic surgery, and recent studies using Mohs micrographic surgery are advocating for even wider excisions up to 18 mm for clearance.ObjectiveTo assess the rate of recurrence of MIS excised with a 5-mm margin.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series studied all MIS lesions from a single private dermatology clinic between January 1, 2011, and November 30, 2018. The criteria for inclusion were a documented 5-mm excisional margin on operation report and more than 5 years of site-specific follow-up after wide local excision. Lesions were excluded if the excisional margin was more than 5 mm or undocumented, there was less than 5 years of follow-up, or they required more than 1 wide local excision. Data analysis was performed January 30 to February 25, 2024.InterventionWide local excision with 5-mm margin.ResultsA total of 351 MISs were identified from 292 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [11.8] years; 162 females [55.5%]). Superficial spreading melanoma was the most common subtype diagnosed (177 lesions [50.4%]), followed by lentigo maligna (107 lesions [30.5%]) and lentiginous MIS (67 lesions [19.1%]). The trunk was the most common location of lesions (168 lesions [47.9%]), followed by upper limb (96 lesions [27.4%]) and lower limb (59 lesions [16.8%]). Scalp was the least common location (2 lesions [0.6%]). Most of the lesions were small, with 274 lesions (78.1%) having a length less than 10 mm and 312 lesions (88.9%) having a width less than 10 mm. A total of 348 lesions (99.1%) did not have clinical recurrence after excision with a 5-mm clinical margin following then current guidelines. A total of 3 lesions (0.9%) experienced local recurrence with no metastatic spread.Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series found that excision with a 5-mm margin for MIS of smaller size (&amp;lt;10 mm) on low-risk body sites had a low rate of recurrence. Conservative 5-mm excisional margin is likely to be suitable for small MIS on lower-risk body sites.
Volumetric imaging of the tumor microvasculature reflects outcomes and genomic states of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kaneko Yuta , Masuda Tsukasa , Takamatsu Kimiharu , Mikami Shuji , Nakamura Kohei , Nishihara Hiroshi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumor structure is heterogeneous and complex, and it is difficult to obtain complete characteristics by two‐dimensional analysis. The aim of this study was to visualize and characterize volumetric vascular information of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors using whole tissue phenotyping and three‐dimensional light‐sheet microscopy. Here, we used the diagnosing immunolabeled paraffin‐embedded cleared organs pipeline for tissue clearing, immunolabeling, and three‐dimensional imaging. The spatial distributions of CD34, which targets blood vessels, and LYVE‐1, which targets lymphatic vessels, were examined by calculating three‐dimensional density, vessel length, vessel radius, and density curves, such as skewness, kurtosis, and variance of the expression. We then examined those associations with ccRCC outcomes and genetic alteration state. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor samples from 46 ccRCC patients were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed the associations between blood vessel and lymphatic vessel distributions and pathological factors such as a high nuclear grade, large tumor size, and the presence of venous invasion. Furthermore, three‐dimensional imaging parameters stratified ccRCC patients regarding survival outcomes. An analysis of genomic alterations based on volumetric vascular information parameters revealed that PI3K‐mTOR pathway mutations related to the blood vessel radius were significantly different. Collectively, we have shown that the spatial elucidation of volumetric vasculature information could be prognostic and may serve as a new biomarker for genomic alterations. High‐end tissue clearing techniques and volumetric immunohistochemistry enable three‐dimensional analysis of tumors, leading to a better understanding of the microvascular structure in the tumor space.
Borates: Solid‐State Chemistry
Authors: Huppertz Hubert , Keszler Douglas A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article deals with the solid‐state chemistry of borates, starting with the general bond relationships between oxygen and boron, leading to the fundamental structural borate units, whose combination opens up a rich structural family of compounds. The syntheses of these borates and also their properties are described exemplarily.
Aluminyl Anions
Authors: Coles Martyn P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In 2018, a new class of low‐valent aluminum compound was introduced to the chemical literature. Aluminyl anions [Al
(I)
(L
2
)]
−
consist of an Al(I) center supported by a range of (predominantly chelating) dianionic ligand scaffolds, [L
2
]
2−
. The resulting negative charge is balanced by a group 1 metal cation with examples spanning all of the stable alkali metals Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. The nature and extent of cation···anion interactions can be controlled, affording three distinct structural types classified as a contacted dimeric pair (CDP), a monomeric ion pair (MIP), or a separated ion pair (SIP). The chemistry of these systems has proven to be very diverse, primarily driven by the oxidation of the aluminum to a more stable Al(III) center. Researchers have been able to harness this thermodynamically favored process to promote a number of different reactions. This article describes the oxidative addition reactions of X–Y sigma bonds to aluminyl anions, to form the corresponding aluminate products [Al
(III)
(L
2
)(X)(Y)]
−
, containing examples of new (AlH, AlB, AlC, AlN, AlO, AlF, AlSi, and AlP) bonds. The oxidation of aluminyl anions has been expanded to access compounds with new aluminum–element multiple bonds including examples of AlCR
2
‐, AlO‐, AlS‐, AlSe‐, AlTe‐, and AlNR‐containing compounds. These terminal bonds react via [2+2] cycloaddition with unsaturated substrates to form new products, demonstrating a preference to react through formally double AlX bonds. Finally, a brief description of the application of aluminyl anions for the reductive coupling of small molecules is included. Examples involving the homocoupling of P
4
; the homologation of CO; and the dimerization of ketones, isocyanides, and diazomethane are provided. Under favorable conditions, these couplings have been recently extended to include examples of heterocoupling of substrates, demonstrating a high degree of control of product formation.
Unravelling the Capacity Degradation Mechanism of Thick Electrodes in Lithium‐Carbon Dioxide Batteries via Visualization and Quantitative Techniques
Authors: Zhang Zhuojun , Xiao Xu , Yan Aijing , Zhang Zijun , Tan Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLithium‐carbon dioxide batteries (LCBs) require a thick cathode electrode to fulfill their theoretical energy density and high areal capacity (mAh cm−2). However, understanding the design of thick porous electrodes in LCBs is challenging because of the complexity of coupled multispecies transport. Herein, a link is established between the microscopic behaviors of thick electrodes and macroscopic electrochemical performance through a spatio‐temporal resolution technique, filling the gap in knowledge on the degradation mechanism of thick electrodes. Surprisingly, the worst utilization site with the least product deposition is in the central part of the electrode rather than the traditionally presumed separator face. The secondary structure and reaction pathway of solid products exhibit a clear tendency toward spatial growth (on the electrode surface or in the interior). Combined with quantitative modeling, a critical current density shifting the dominance is found from CO2 to Li+ ions, thereby reversing the gradient of the product distribution. Finally, a hotspot map of failure mechanisms with different operating protocols is provided, serving as a guideline for the future design of thick electrodes. This work breaks the knowledge of multi‐field coupling within porous thick electrodes and can be extended to advanced Na (Li)‐CO2 (O2) battery design.
On‐Demand Peroxynitrite Overproduction Reprograms Systemic Immune Function for Augmented Sono‐Immunotherapy against Tumor
Authors: Qiu Luping , Liang Jing , Xue Liyun , Qiao Xiaohui , Xu Huning , Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu , Ding Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe undesirable efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients is associated with the inactivation of immune responses in tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). The pivotal roles of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in immunoregulation can augment anticancer immunotherapy. Here, ultrasound (US)‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs), denoted as Cu‐PG NPs, are elaborately constructed to achieve incremental NO release for gas therapy and controlled generation of superoxide anion (O2•−) for sonodynamic therapy (SDT), thereby leading to synergistic in situ ONOO− generation and TIME reprogramming. In vitro and in vivo experimental results collectively confirm that US‐activated Cu‐PG NPs effectively regulate immune circulation, which involves multiple steps to ameliorate compromise immunogenicity without systemic toxicity. These steps comprise the initiation of immunogenic cell death in cancer cells, induction of dendritic cells maturation, promotion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration, and polarization of macrophages toward the pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype. Importantly, this therapeutic approach reinforces systemic immunity and elicits immune memory to inhibit the proliferation of distant tumors, particularly integration with anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies. This work proposes the synergistic gas therapy and SDT strategy for generating ONOO−, which holds enormous potential in potentiating immunotherapy sensitivity by further facilitating the coordinated remodeling of TIME.
A Sprayable Janus Hydrogel as an Effective Bioadhesive for Gastrointestinal Perforation Repair
Authors: Wang Zihan , Xu Jie , Wu Xiaoqi , Han Mingying , Peng Ruijun , Zhao Rui , Qin Maoyu , Li Ting , Yin Junfeiyang , Yu Liu , Li Yinmu , Wu Haoxu , Lin Zhuosheng , Wang Ling , Hu Yanfeng , Wu Yaobin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvancements in hydrogel bioadhesives for sealing gastrointestinal perforations (GP) face challenges due to weak mechanical properties, causing leakage, especially on uneven wound surfaces. Herein, a Janus hydrogel is introduced featuring a two‐step cross‐linking process, designed to serve as an efficient bioadhesive using a sprayable method. This Janus hydrogel formulation is achieved by modifying a photocurable hyaluronic acid hydrogel with dopamine (DA) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups, enabling reversible boronate ester bonds. These dynamic cross‐linking bonds facilitate shear‐thinning and self‐healing abilities, ensuring secure adhesion to complex wounds. A subsequent photocurable irreversible cross‐linking stage results in the formation of a hydrogel barrier with asymmetric adhesive properties, imparting inherent mechanical strength for postoperative anti‐adhesion. To enhance the clinical practicality of this hydrogel, an integrated sprayer device is further developed, enabling the efficient delivery of hydrogel at any angle and over long distances under minimally invasive conditions. Therefore, the HADP hydrogel, integrated with the sprayer device, successfully addressed the limitations associated with hydrogel bioadhesives in clinical applications concerning angles and terrains. This integrated approach presents a compelling solution for repairing gastrointestinal perforations in clinical settings. Moreover, it demonstrates significant potential for diverse applications in repairing complex wound surfaces.
Uniform, Fully Connected, High‐Quality Monocrystalline Freestanding Perovskite Oxide Films Fabricated from Recyclable Substrates
Authors: An Hang , Zhang Qiang , Lei Jingchao , Sun Yaxing , Zhang Yiming , Lu Di 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReleasing epitaxial perovskite oxide films from their native oxide substrates produces high quality, 2D‐material‐like monocrystalline freestanding oxide membranes, as potential key components for the next‐generation electronic devices. Two major obstacles still limit their practical applications: macroscopic material defects (mainly cracks) that lowers uniformity and yield, and the high cost of the consumed oxide substrates. Here, a two‐step film transfer method and a substrate recycling method enable repetitive fabrication of millimeter‐scale, fully‐connected freestanding oxide films of various chemical compositions from the same substrates; arrays of capacitor and resistor devices based on these oxides transferred on silicon indicate high uniformity, low sample‐to‐sample variation, and satisfactory electrical connectivity. The two‐step transfer suppresses crack formation by avoiding buckling‐delamination‐type relaxation of epitaxial strain, and the key point to achieve substrate reuse is to remove the residual Al species bonded to the substrate surfaces. The mitigation of such long‐lasting issues in freestanding oxide fabrication techniques may eventually pave roads toward future industrial‐grade devices, as well as enabling many research opportunities in fundamental physics.
Doxofylline: Advancing and Empowering Equitable Asthma and COPD Management Beyond Tradition
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Page Clive P. , Calzetta Luigino , Rogliani Paola , Matera Maria Gabriella 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDoxofylline, a newer methylxanthine derivative, has garnered increasing attention for its distinct pharmacological properties and therapeutic advantages over traditional agents such as theophylline. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pharmacological characteristics and clinical efficacy of doxofylline, elucidating why it represents a significant advancement in methylxanthine therapy. Moreover, attention is given to the economic considerations surrounding its utilization, particularly in low‐ and medium‐income countries where access to healthcare resources is limited. The affordability, improved tolerability, and dosing convenience of doxofylline make it a promising candidate for addressing the substantial burden of asthma and COPD in resource‐constrained settings.
MXene Inks for High‐Throughput Printing of Electronics
Authors: Abdolhosseinzadeh Sina , Schneider René , Jafarpour Mohammad , Merlet Céline , Nüesch Frank , Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Heier Jakob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMXene inks are promising alternatives for conventional conductive inks in printing electronics. However, the formulation of MXene inks is challenging due to the physicochemical properties of the few solvents in which MXenes can be dispersed. Furthermore, conventional MXene dispersions form high‐viscosity gels at low concentrations, making their ink formulation even more difficult. Here, a novel co‐solvent‐based approach is reported for dispersing MXenes in polar organic solvents that have excellent physicochemical properties as a carrier solvent for ink formulation but are not suitable for dispersing MXenes. Water is used as a dispersing agent and the second component of the co‐solvent system. The surfactant‐like role of water in dispersing MXenes in such solvents is also confirmed using molecular dynamics simulations. Using this strategy, the sol‐gel transition is significantly upshifted, enabling the formulation of highly concentrated inks with single‐ or few‐layered large‐flake MXenes. Numerous types of electronic components such as interconnects, resistors, transparent flexible conductive electrodes, and micro‐supercapacitors are fabricated using high‐throughput coating and printing techniques such as gravure printing, showcasing the immense potential of MXene inks for room‐temperature printing of electronics.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization and Alkynylation of 2‐Alkynylphenols with Bromoalkynes
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhang Jiangjie , Ying Jun , Lv Yue , Tang Keqi , Luo Junfei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization and alkynylation of 2‐alkynylphenols with bromoalkynes to the synthesis of 3‐alkynylbenzofuran scaffolds has been developed. A variety of 3‐alkynylbenzofuran derivatives were prepared in good yields under mild conditions. Notably, this protocol was applied to the late‐stage modification of bioactive molecule.
Highly Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia through the Cooperation of Plasma and Porous Metal–Organic Framework Reactors with Confined Water
Authors: Guo Shoujun , Zhang Jiangwei , Fan Guilan , Shen Ao , Wang Xiaosong , Guo Yan , Ding Junfang , Han Chenhui , Gu Xiaojun , Wu Limin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile the ambient N2 reduction to ammonia (NH3) using H2O as hydrogen source (2N2+6H2O=4NH3+3O2) is known as a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process, the high bond energy of N≡N bond leads to the extremely low NH3 yield. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalytic system for ammonia synthesis using the low‐temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma to activate inert N2 molecules into the excited nitrogen species, which can efficiently react with the confined and concentrated H2O molecules in porous metal–organic framework (MOF) reactors with V3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions. Specially, the Fe‐based catalyst MIL‐100(Fe) causes a superhigh NH3 yield of 22.4 mmol g−1 h−1. The investigation of catalytic performance and systematic characterizations of MIL‐100(Fe) during the plasma‐driven catalytic reaction unveils that the in situ generated defective Fe−O clusters are the highly active sites and NH3 molecules indeed form inside the MIL‐100(Fe) reactor. The theoretical calculation reveals that the porous MOF catalysts have different adsorption capacity for nitrogen species on different catalytic metal sites, where the optimal MIL‐100(Fe) has the lowest energy barrier for the rate‐limiting *NNH formation step, significantly enhancing efficiency of nitrogen fixation.
Two‐dimensional adaptive Whittaker–Shannon Sinc‐based zooming
Authors: Ciulla Carlo , Shabani Blerta , Yahaya Farouk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a novel image zooming methodology that transitions from a nonadaptive Sin‐based approach to an adaptive Sinc‐based zooming technique. The two techniques base their theoretical foundation on the Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula and the Nyquist theorem. The evolution into adaptive Sinc‐based zoom is accomplished through the use of two novel concepts: (1) the pixel‐local scaled k‐space and (2) the k‐space filtering sigmoidal function. The pixel‐local scaled k‐space is the standardized and scaled k‐space magnitude of the image to zoom. The k‐space filtering sigmoidal function scales the pixel‐local scaled k‐space values into the numerical interval [0, 1]. Using these two novel concepts, the Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula is elaborated and used to zoom images. Zooming is determined by the shape of the Sinc functions in the Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula, which, in turn, depends on the combined effect of the pixel‐local scaled k‐space, the sampling rate, and the k‐space filtering sigmoidal function. The primary outcome of this research demonstrates that the Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula can achieve successful zooms for values of the sampling rate significantly greater than the bandwidth. Conversely, when the sampling rate is much greater than the bandwidth, the nonadaptive technique fails to perform the zoom correctly. The conclusion is that the k‐space filtering sigmoidal function is identified as the crucial parameter in the adaptive Sinc‐based zoom technique. The implications of this research extend to Sinc‐based image zooming applications.