bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics and the 1997 American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Real‐Life Scenario
Authors: Amezcua‐Guerra Luis M. , Higuera‐Ortiz Violeta , Arteaga‐García Ulises , Gallegos‐Nava Selma , Hübbe‐Tena Claudia 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria in classifying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an uncontrolled real‐life scenario.MethodsChart review study was performed in which each criterion from the 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the 2012 SLICC criteria to classify SLE was applied to patients from an outpatient rheumatology clinic. The clinical diagnosis was used as the gold standard.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the 2012 SLICC criteria were 92% and 99%, respectively, compared with the 1997 ACR criteria, which were 97% and 99%, respectively. The 2012 SLICC criteria were similar to the 1997 ACR criteria in terms of positive (98.9% versus 99%) and negative (92.5% versus 97.1%) predictive values as well as positive (92 versus 97) and negative (0.08 versus 0.03) likelihood ratios. A concordance of 0.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.92–1.00) was observed between clinical diagnosis and the 1997 ACR criteria, while the concordance was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.97) for the 2012 SLICC criteria. Seven SLE patients classified by the 1997 ACR criteria did not meet the 2012 SLICC criteria because of either the new definition for lymphopenia (2 patients) or the presence of isolated cutaneous involvement (5 patients), while 2 SLE patients who were classified by the 2012 SLICC criteria did not meet the 1997 ACR criteria because of either the presence of erosive arthritis or biopsy‐proven nephritis with circulating antinuclear antibodies.ConclusionOverall, the 1997 ACR and the 2012 SLICC criteria are similar to classify SLE in an uncontrolled real‐life scenario, although several new items contained in the 2012 SLICC criteria could represent a step forward for research purposes in selected clinical settings.
Managing the unmanageable: Psychotherapy in grendon prison
Authors: Morris Mark 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper provides an account of some of the organizational and dynamics issues that emerge in a setting that contains and provides psychotherapy to 230 severely personality‐disordered and dangerous men. It proposes that in addition to their strategic managerial role, the senior team have an additional task to provide psychodynamic containment for the clinical work of the organization by tracing the journey of dynamics on the clinical factory floor up the organisational structure to the senior team. A conceptualization of this work is proposed, and some implications discussed.
Highly Selective and Immortal Magnesium Calixarene Complexes for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of rac‐Lactide
Authors: Walton Mark J. , Lancaster Simon J. , Redshaw Carl 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 07/2014 represents a collaboration between the University of Hull and the University of East Anglia. The image shows a crocodile with a cavernous mouth as a metaphor for our metal catalysts. The reptile is swallowing whole cyclic monomers, ring opening them and excreting a polymeric product. The 2 D NMR backdrop illustrates the innovative and hugely convenient approach we have taken for facile stereochemical assignment. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402041.
Spatial variation in the climatic predictors of species compositional turnover and endemism
Authors: Di Virgilio Giovanni , Laffan Shawn W. , Ebach Malte C. , Chapple David G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPrevious research focusing on broad‐scale or geographically invariant species‐environment dependencies suggest that temperature‐related variables explain more of the variation in reptile distributions than precipitation. However, species–environment relationships may exhibit considerable spatial variation contingent upon the geographic nuances that vary between locations. Broad‐scale, geographically invariant analyses may mask this local variation and their findings may not generalize to different locations at local scales. We assess how reptile–climatic relationships change with varying spatial scale, location, and direction. Since the spatial distributions of diversity and endemism hotspots differ for other species groups, we also assess whether reptile species turnover and endemism hotspots are influenced differently by climatic predictors. Using New Zealand reptiles as an example, the variation in species turnover, endemism and turnover in climatic variables was measured using directional moving window analyses, rotated through 360°. Correlations between the species turnover, endemism and climatic turnover results generated by each rotation of the moving window were analysed using multivariate generalized linear models applied at national, regional, and local scales. At national‐scale, temperature turnover consistently exhibited the greatest influence on species turnover and endemism, but model predictive capacity was low (typically r2 = 0.05, P < 0.001). At regional scales the relative influence of temperature and precipitation turnover varied between regions, although model predictive capacity was also generally low. Climatic turnover was considerably more predictive of species turnover and endemism at local scales (e.g., r2 = 0.65, P < 0.001). While temperature turnover had the greatest effect in one locale (the northern North Island), there was substantial variation in the relative influence of temperature and precipitation predictors in the remaining four locales. Species turnover and endemism hotspots often occurred in different locations. Climatic predictors had a smaller influence on endemism. Our results caution against assuming that variability in temperature will always be most predictive of reptile biodiversity across different spatial scales, locations and directions. The influence of climatic turnover on the species turnover and endemism of other taxa may exhibit similar patterns of spatial variation. Such intricate variation might be discerned more readily if studies at broad scales are complemented by geographically variant, local‐scale analyses.
Effects of message framing in policy communication on climate change
Authors: Bertolotti Mauro , Catellani Patrizia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn two studies, we investigated the framing effects of policy messages regarding climate change. In Study 1, we asked participants to read policy messages that envisioned positive consequences. Messages varied as to their outcome sensitivity (achievement of positive outcomes versus avoidance of negative outcomes), regulatory concern (growth versus safety) and goal‐pursuit strategy (investment in renewable energy versus intervention on greenhouse gas emissions). Participants showed the highest agreement with a policy message on renewable energy when it was formulated in terms of the achievement of positive, growth‐related outcomes and with a greenhouse gas emissions message when it was formulated in terms of the avoidance of negative, safety‐related outcomes. The same held for the intention to vote for candidates proposing those policies. In Study 2, participants' regulatory focus moderated these effects, with promotion‐focused participants preferring messages focused on the achievement of positive outcomes and prevention‐focused participants preferring messages focused on the avoidance of negative outcomes. Results show that the fit among the various levels of framing of a policy message regarding climate change, moderated by individual regulatory focus, increases the probability that recipients agree with the policy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ten‐year long‐term results after non‐surgical management of hepatolithiasis, including cases with choledochoenterostomy
Authors: Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Miyakawa Kaoru , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Sakai Yuji , Nishikawa Takao , Sakamoto Dai , Nakamura Masato , Yasui Shin , Mikata Rintaro , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term follow‐up of non‐surgical procedures for the management of hepatolithiasis has been reported, but risk factors for mortality have not been properly evaluated.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of the case records of 121 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS), or conservative treatment at the Department of Gastroenterology of Chiba University Hospital between January 1980 and July 2011. The primary outcome measure was mortality, defined as death due to hepatolithiasis (concomitant liver failure with cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma).ResultsComplete clearance of intrahepatic stones was achieved in 22 (57.8%) of 38 patients by POCS, in 12 (66.7%) of 18 patients by ERCP, and in 10 (52.6%) of 18 patients by PTCS. The remaining 46 patients were treated conservatively. The mean follow‐up period was 11.4 ± 7.1 years (range, 0.6–32.8). There were 14 hepatolithiasis‐related deaths (11 with cholangiocarcinoma and three from liver failure with cholangitis) during the follow‐up periods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed liver atrophy (P = 0.015; HR = 3.98; 95% CI, 1.30–12.20) and congenital biliary dilatation after biliary‐enteric anastomosis (P = 0.036; HR = 4.57; 95% CI, 1.11–18.87) as significant risk factors for mortality.ConclusionsAnalysis of the 10‐year long‐term results after non‐surgical management of hepatolithiasis identified liver atrophy and congenital biliary dilatation as risk factors for mortality. Patients with hepatic lobe atrophy should undergo a hepatectomy, if operable.
Inhibition of the intestinal sodium‐coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) by extracts and polyphenols from apple reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in mice and humans
Authors: Schulze Christine , Bangert Adina , Kottra Gabor , Geillinger Kerstin Elisabeth , Schwanck Bettina , Vollert Henning , Blaschek Wolfgang , Daniel Hannelore 
Published: July 2014

ScopeThere is a growing interest in food constituents that could reduce intestinal glucose absorption to prevent overshooting plasma glucose and insulin levels in patients with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods and resultsWe here demonstrate that an extract and individual polyphenols from apple diminish sodium‐coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) mediated glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of transport of sugars by SGLT1 was shown in Xenopus oocytes and in mice jejunal segments. Strongest inhibition was observed for phlorizin with IC50 values for transport inhibition of 0.46 ± 0.19 and 4.1 ± 0.6 μM in oocytes and intestinal segments, respectively. An oral glucose tolerance test performed in volunteers with prior administration of the apple extract reduced venous blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, similar to findings obtained in C57BL/6N mice. Analysis of human urine samples revealed that the extract increased modestly renal glucose loss that is most likely a result of inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption by phloretin derivatives found in plasma of the volunteers.ConclusionAlthough the apple extract substantially decreased intestinal glucose absorption in all test systems, the finding that there are systemic effects that relate to inhibition of glucose transport processes beyond the intestine addresses safety issues that need further exploitation.
Middle‐down hybrid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry workflow for characterization of combinatorial post‐translational modifications in histones
Authors: Sidoli Simone , Schwämmle Veit , Ruminowicz Chrystian , Hansen Thomas A. , Wu Xudong , Helin Kristian , Jensen Ole N. 
Published: July 2014

We present an integrated middle‐down proteomics platform for sensitive mapping and quantification of coexisting PTMs in large polypeptides (5–7 kDa). We combined an RP trap column with subsequent weak cation exchange–hydrophilic interaction LC interfaced directly to high mass accuracy ESI MS/MS using electron transfer dissociation. This enabled automated and efficient separation and sequencing of hypermodified histone N‐terminal tails for unambiguous localization of combinatorial PTMs. We present Histone Coder and IsoScale software to extract, filter, and analyze MS/MS data, including quantification of cofragmenting isobaric polypeptide species. We characterized histone tails derived from murine embryonic stem cells knockout in suppressor of zeste12 (Suz12−/−) and quantified 256 combinatorial histone marks in histones H3, H4, and H2A. Furthermore, a total of 713 different combinatorial histone marks were identified in purified histone H3. We measured a seven‐fold reduction of H3K27me2/me3 (where me2 and me3 are dimethylation and trimethylation, respectively) in Suz12−/− cells and detected significant changes of the relative abundance of 16 other single PTMs of histone H3 and other combinatorial marks. We conclude that the inactivation of Suz12 is associated with changes in the abundance of not only H3K27 methylation but also multiple other PTMs in histone H3 tails.
Neuroethical issues in pharmacological cognitive enhancement
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Dahir 
Published: July 2014

Neuroethics is an emerging field that in general deals with the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics. In particular, it is concerned with the ethical issues in the translation of neuroscience to clinical practice and in the public domain. Numerous ethical issues arise when healthy individuals use pharmacological substances known as pharmacological cognitive enhancers (PCEs) for non‐medical purposes in order to boost higher‐order cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and executive functions. However, information regarding their actual use, benefits, and harms to healthy individuals is currently lacking. Neuroethical issues that arise from their use include the unknown side effects that are associated with these drugs, concerns about the modification of authenticity and personhood, and as a result of inequality of access to these drugs, the lack of distributive justice and competitive fairness that they may cause in society. Healthy individuals might be coerced by social institutions that force them to take these drugs to function better. These drugs might enable or hinder healthy individuals to gain better moral and self‐understanding and autonomy. However, how these drugs might achieve this still remains speculative and unknown. Hence, before concrete policy decisions are made, the cognitive effects of these drugs should be determined. The initiation of accurate surveys to determine the actual usage of these drugs by healthy individuals from different sections of the society is proposed. In addition, robust empirical research need to be conducted to delineate not only whether or not these drugs modify complex higher‐order cognitive processes but also how they might alter important human virtues such as empathy, moral reasoning, creativity, and motivation in healthy individuals. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:533–549. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1306This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Psychology > Memory
Neuroscience > Cognition
Probabilistic maximum‐value wind prediction for offshore environments
Authors: Staid Andrea , Pinson Pierre , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHigh wind speeds can pose a great risk to structures and operations conducted in offshore environments. When forecasting wind speeds, most models focus on the average wind speeds over a given period, but this value alone represents only a small part of the true wind conditions. We present statistical models to predict the full distribution of the maximum‐value wind speeds in a 3 h interval. We take a detailed look at the performance of linear models, generalized additive models and multivariate adaptive regression splines models using meteorological covariates such as gust speed, wind speed, convective available potential energy, Charnock, mean sea‐level pressure and temperature, as given by the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts forecasts. The models are trained to predict the mean value of maximum wind speed, and the residuals from training the models are used to develop the full probabilistic distribution of maximum wind speed. Knowledge of the maximum wind speed for an offshore location within a given period can inform decision‐making regarding turbine operations, planned maintenance operations and power grid scheduling in order to improve safety and reliability, and probabilistic forecasts result in greater value to the end‐user. The models outperform traditional baseline forecast methods and achieve low predictive errors on the order of 1–2 m s−1. We show the results of their predictive accuracy for different lead times and different training methodologies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell mechanics: principles, practices, and prospects
Authors: Moeendarbary Emad , Harris Andrew R. 
Published: July 2014

Cells generate and sustain mechanical forces within their environment as part of their normal physiology. They are active materials that can detect mechanical stimulation by the activation of mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and respond to physical cues through cytoskeletal re‐organization and force generation. Genetic mutations and pathogens that disrupt the cytoskeletal architecture can result in changes to cell mechanical properties such as elasticity, adhesiveness, and viscosity. On the other hand, perturbations to the mechanical environment can affect cell behavior. These transformations are often a hallmark and symptom of a variety of pathologies. Consequently, there are now a myriad of experimental techniques and theoretical models adapted from soft matter physics and mechanical engineering to characterize cell mechanical properties. Interdisciplinary research combining modern molecular biology with advanced cell mechanical characterization techniques now paves the way for furthering our fundamental understanding of cell mechanics and its role in development, physiology, and disease. We describe a generalized outline for measuring cell mechanical properties including loading protocols, tools, and data interpretation. We summarize recent advances in the field and explain how cell biomechanics research can be adopted by physicists, engineers, biologists, and clinicians alike. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:371–388. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1275This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Oxygen differentially affects the hox proteins Hoxb5 and Hoxa5 altering airway branching and lung vascular formation
Authors: Silfa‐Mazara Francheyska , Mujahid Sana , Thomas Courtney , Vong Thxuan , Larsson Ingrid , Nielsen Heber C. , Volpe MaryAnn V. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHoxb5 and Hoxa5 transcription factor proteins uniquely impact lung morphogenesis at the developmental time point when extremely preterm infants are born. The effect of O2 exposure (0.4 FiO2) used in preterm infant care on these Hox proteins is unknown. We used ex vivo fetal mouse lung organ cultures to explore the effects of 0.4 FiO2 on lung airway and vascular formation in the context of Hoxb5 and Hoxa5 expression and regulation. Compared to room air, 48 h (h) 0.4 FiO2 adversely attenuated airway and microvasculature formation while reducing lung growth and epithelial cell volume, and increasing mesenchymal volume. 0.4 FiO2 decreased pro‐angiogenic Hoxb5 and VEGFR2 while not altering protein levels of angiostatic Hoxa5. Lungs returned to RA after 24 h 0.4FiO2 had partial structural recovery but remained smaller and less developed. Mesenchymal cell apoptosis increased and proliferation decreased with time in O2 while epithelial cell proliferation significantly increased. Hoxb5 overexpression led to prominent peri‐airway VEGFR2 expression and promoted lung vascular and airway patterning. Hoxa5 overexpression had the opposite effects. We conclude that 0.4 FiO2 exposure causes a profound loss of airway and lung microvascular development that occurs partially via reduction in pro‐angiogenic Hoxb5 while angiostatic Hoxa5 expression is maintained.
Governance Innovations and Citizens’ Trust in Local Government: Electoral Impacts in China's Townships
Authors: MA DEYONG , WANG ZHENGXU 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe surveyed 2,221 rural residents in twenty towns across ten provinces in China. Structural equation models (SEM) found the quality of government, impartiality of institutions, and authoritarian values among citizens are the three main sources of citizens’ trust in local government. Among various types of recent institutional innovation and government reform, only a type that involves citizens in a formal electoral process, called ‘open nomination and direct election (ONDE)’, significantly improved trust in township-level government. Our models reveal that the movement of power to select local leaders from the hands of upper-level government to local residents erodes the influence of the so-called ‘traditional authority orientation’ among citizens, and enables them to assess trust level according to the competence of the government. Furthermore, elections reduce the trust-generating effect of institutional impartiality as citizens are enfranchised in the ‘input’ process of government, therefore emphasizing ‘outputs’ less.
Democracy, Trade Openness, and Agricultural Trade Policy in Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: LAIPRAKOBSUP THANAPAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between trade, political openness, and agricultural trade policy in developing countries. It argues that trade openness and democracy contribute to lower taxes and control programs in the agricultural sectors. Examining the politics of agricultural trade policy in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand, it was found that trade expansion and democratic regimes lead to fewer taxes and control programs imposed on agriculture. The results indicate that elected governments in industrializing countries are less likely to impose more tax and control programs on agriculture in order to encourage exports and in order to appeal to farmers, who are a major voting bloc in these countries.