bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating prevalence of post-war health disorders using multiple systems data
Authors: Bhuyan Prajamitra , Chatterjee Kiranmoy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEffective surveillance on the long-term public health impact due to war and terrorist attacks remains limited. Such health issues are commonly under-reported, specifically for a large group of individuals. For this purpose, efficient estimation of the size or undercount of the population under the risk of physical and mental health hazards is of utmost necessity. A novel trivariate Bernoulli model is developed allowing heterogeneity among the individuals and dependence between the sources of information, and an estimation methodology using a Monte Carlo-based EM algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show the superiority of the performance of the proposed method over existing competitors and robustness under model mis-specifications. The method is applied to analyse two real case studies on monitoring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases for the Gulf War veterans and the 9/11 terrorist attack survivors at the World Trade Center, USA. The average annual cumulative incidence rate for ALS disease increases by $$33\%$$

33
%

and $$16\%$$

16
%

for deployed and no-deployed military personnel, respectively, after adjusting the undercount. The number of individuals exposed to the risk of physical and mental health effects due to WTC terrorist attacks increased by $$42\%$$

42
%

. These results provide interesting insights that can assist in effective decision-making and policy formulation for monitoring the health status of post-war survivors.
High-brightness betatron emission from the interaction of a sub picosecond laser pulse with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam for ICF research
Authors: Gyrdymov Mikhail , Cikhardt Jakub , Tavana Parysatis , Borisenko Nataliya G. , Gus´kov Sergey Yu. , Yakhin Rafael A. , Vegunova Galina A. , Wei Wenqing , Ren Jieru , Zhao Yongtao , Hoffmann Dieter H. H. , Deng Zhigang , Zhou Weimin , Cheng Rui , Yang Jie , Novotny Jan , Shen Xiaofei , Pukhov Alexander , Jacoby Joachim , Spielmann Christian , Popov Viacheslav S. , Veysman Mikhail E. , Andreev Nikolay E. , Rosmej Olga N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDirect laser acceleration (DLA) of electrons in plasmas of near-critical density (NCD) is a very advancing platform for high-energy PW-class lasers of moderate relativistic intensity supporting Inertial Confinement Fusion research. Experiments conducted at the PHELIX sub-PW Nd:glass laser demonstrated application-promising characteristics of DLA-based radiation and particle sources, such as ultra-high number, high directionality and high conversion efficiency. In this context, the bright synchrotron-like (betatron) radiation of DLA electrons, which arises from the interaction of a sub-ps PHELIX laser pulse with an intensity of 1019 W/cm2 with pre-ionized low-density polymer foam, was studied. The experimental results show that the betatron radiation produced by DLA electrons in NCD plasma is well directed with a half-angle of 100–200 mrad, yielding (3.4 ± 0.4)·1010 photons/keV/sr at 10 keV photon energy. The experimental photon fluence and the brilliance agree well with the particle-in-cell simulations. These results pave the way for innovative applications of the DLA regime using low-density pre-ionized foams in high energy density research.
A comparison of multiple sclerosis disease characteristics across three genetically diverse Asian racial groups in Singapore
Authors: Koh Min Jie , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Tye Janis Siew Noi , Aw Amelia Yun Yi , Siew Rachel Wan En , Peng Xuejuan , Tan Jeanne May May , Tan Kevin , Yeo Tianrong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudies in Western populations have shown that Black and Hispanic patients have an earlier age of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) onset and a more severe disease course characterised by faster disability accrual compared to Whites. It is yet unclear whether MS disease characteristics and clinical course differ amongst Asian racial groups. Singapore is uniquely poised to investigate this as its multi-racial population comprises three genetically diverse Asian racial groups—Chinese, Malay and South Asian. Herein, we sought to elucidate differences in the clinical phenotypes, disease-modifying therapy (DMT) usage, and disease course amongst these three Asian racial groups by performinga retrospective observational study on MS patients seen at the National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, ancillary investigations, and DMT usage were collected. One hundred and eighty-eight patients were included (90 Chinese, 32 Malay, and 66 South Asian). Our findings showed that MS prevalence was the highest in South Asians followed by Malays and Chinese, while demographics, healthcare access, and longer-term disease course were identical across the racial groups. However, several differences and trends were elucidated: (1) South Asian patients had milder sentinel attacks (p = 0.006), (2) a higher proportion of Malay patients had enhancing lesions on their initial MRI (p = 0.057) and the lesion topography differed across the races (p = 0.034), and (3) more Malay patients switched out of their initial DMT (p = 0.051). In conclusion, MS disease characteristics were largely similar across these three Asian racial groups, and while there were some clinical and radiological differences at presentation, these did not influence longer-term outcomes.
A machine learning model predicts stroke associated with blood cadmium level
Authors: Zuo Wenwei , Yang Xuelian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cadmium is a prevalent environmental toxicant that may contribute to cardiovascular disease, including stroke. We aimed to build an effective and interpretable machine learning (ML) model that links blood cadmium to the identification of stroke. Our data exploring the association between blood cadmium and stroke came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014). In total, 2664 participants were eligible for this study. We divided these data into a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). To analyze the relationship between blood cadmium and stroke, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. We constructed and tested five ML algorithms including K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), logistic regression (LR), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF). The best-performing model was selected to identify stroke in US adults. Finally, the features were interpreted using the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) tool. In the total population, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles had an odds ratio of 1.32 (95% CI 0.55, 3.14), 1.65 (95% CI 0.71, 3.83), and 2.67 (95% CI 1.10, 6.49) for stroke compared with the lowest reference group for blood cadmium, respectively. This blood cadmium-based LR approach demonstrated the greatest performance in identifying stroke (area under the operator curve: 0.800, accuracy: 0.966). Employing interpretable methods, we found blood cadmium to be a notable contributor to the predictive model. We found that blood cadmium was positively correlated with stroke risk and that stroke risk from cadmium exposure could be effectively predicted by using ML modeling.
Distribution characteristics of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in the soil and in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Peng Yishu , Song Haijie , Jin Tao , Yang Ruidong , Shi Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPotentially toxic metal(loid) assessment of tea and tea garden soil is a vital guarantee of tea safety and is very necessary. This study analyzed the distribution of seven potentially toxic metal(loid)s in different organs of the tea plants and soil at various depths in the Yangai tea farm of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. Although soil potentially toxic metal(loid) in the study area is safe, there should be attention to the health risks of Cu, Ni, As, and Pb in the later stages of tea garden management. Soil As and Pb are primarily from anthropogenic sources, soil Zn is mainly affected by natural sources and human activities, and soil with other potentially toxic metal(loid) is predominantly from natural sources. Tea plants might be the enrichment of Zn and the exclusion or tolerance of As, Cu, Ni, and Pb. The tea plant has a strong ability for absorbing Cd and preferentially storing it in its roots, stems, and mature leaves. Although the Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s content of tea in Guizhou Province is generally within the range of edible safety, with the increase of tea planting years, it is essential to take corresponding measures to prevent the potential health risks of Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s in tea.
Optimal signal quality index for remote photoplethysmogram sensing
Authors: Elgendi Mohamed , Martinelli Igor , Menon Carlo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRemote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables non-invasive monitoring of circulatory signals using mobile devices, a crucial advancement in biosensing. Despite its potential, ensuring signal quality amidst noise and artifacts remains a significant challenge, particularly in healthcare applications. Addressing this, our study focuses on a singular signal quality index (SQI) for rPPG, aimed at simplifying high-quality video capture for heart rate detection and cardiac assessment. We introduce a practical threshold for this SQI, specifically the signal-to-noise ratio index (NSQI), optimized for straightforward implementation on portable devices for real-time video analysis. Employing (NSQI < 0.293) as our threshold, our methodology successfully identifies high-quality cardiac information in video frames, effectively mitigating the influence of noise and artifacts. Validated on publicly available datasets with advanced machine learning algorithms and leave-one-out cross-validation, our approach significantly reduces computational complexity. This innovation not only enhances efficiency in health monitoring applications but also offers a pragmatic solution for remote biosensing. Our findings constitute a notable advancement in rPPG signal quality assessment, marking a critical step forward in the development of remote cardiac monitoring technologies with extensive healthcare implications.
Black Languaging IS Translanguaging: We Not Just Talkin Bout It, We Bout It Bout It!
Authors: Privette Chelsea , Saechao Karina R. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to provide a foundational understanding of translanguaging in order to conceptualize Black Languaging as translanguaging and to expand our definition of multilingualism and reframe how we think about Black Language in schools.

Method:
The authors summarize seminal literature in translanguaging and raciolinguistic ideologies in order to theorize about Black Language within a translanguaging framework.

Results:
Centering Black Languaging within a translanguaging framework further implicates the sociopolitical ideologies that shape our conceptualizations of language and dialect and the educational experiences of racially and linguistically minoritized students.

Conclusion:
A sociopolitically informed definition of Black Language allows us to blur the boundaries of languages and dialects and think of all students—especially racially minoritized students—as translanguaging in co-community.
Volume density maps of the 862 nm DIB carrier and interstellar dust
Authors: Cox N. L. J. , Vergely J. L. , Lallement R. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The carbonaceous macromolecules imprinting the numerous absorptions called diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in astronomical spectra are omnipresent in the Galaxy and beyond. They represent a considerable reservoir of organic matter. However, their chemical formulae, formation, and destruction sites remain unknown. Their spatial distribution and the local relation to other interstellar species is key to tracing their role in the lifecycle of organic matter.
Aims. Volume density maps bring local instead of line-of-sight distributed information and allow for new diagnostics to be captured. We present the first large-scale volume (3D) density map of a DIB carrier and compare it with an equivalent map of interstellar dust.
Methods. The DIB carrier map was obtained through hierarchical inversion of ~202 000 measurements of the 8621 nm DIB obtained with the Gaia-RVS instrument. It covers about 4000 pc around the Sun in the Galactic plane. We built a dedicated interstellar dust map based on the extinction towards the same target stars.
Results. At the ≃50 pc resolution of the maps, the shape of the 3D DIB distribution is found to be remarkably similar to the 3D distribution of dust. On the other hand, the DIB-to-dust local density ratio increases in low-dust areas. It is also increasing away from the disk, however, the minimum ratio is found to be shifted above the Galactic plane to Z=≃+50pc. Finally, the average ratio is also surprisingly found to increase away from the Galactic Center. We suggest that the three latter trends may be indications of a dominant contribution of material from the carbon-rich category of dying giant stars to the formation of the carriers. Our suggestion is based on recent catalogs of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and estimates of the mass fluxes of their C-rich and O-rich ejecta.
Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in May–Thurner Syndrome in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Survey among Thrombosis Experts of the German Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Authors: Cuntz Franziska , Gebauer Bernhard , Greiner Andreas , Hagedorn Nikola , Reschke Madlen , Eberl Wolfgang , Zieger Barbara , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Holzhauer Susanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMay–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a pelvic venous disorder involving compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, which results in predisposition for deep vein thrombosis. Although MTS is increasingly recognized in young patients, specific guidelines on diagnosis and management for children, adolescents, and young adults do not exist so far. The aim of this study was to assess current diagnostic and therapeutic practice in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in children and young adults with thrombosis and MTS.We designed an online survey with 11 questions, which we sent via a mailing list to all members of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. Between July and October 2022, 33 specialists answered the questionnaire. Most participating specialists worked at pediatric hospitals (61%). Numbers of annually treated thromboses ranged from <5 (26%) to >30 (13%). Most specialists used venous ultrasound to diagnose deep vein thrombosis, 53% magnetic resonance imaging. Only 25% of specialists systematically screened for MTS in deep vein thrombosis. MTS was managed with anticoagulation (65%), iliac vein stent placement (32%), or balloon angioplasty (13%). In total, 31% of specialists reported to use more than one therapeutic method. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for MTS differed between specialists. Lack of standardization resulted in individualized and highly diverse management. Prospective observational clinical studies investigating the outcome of different management strategies including long-term follow-up on outcome and incidence of postthrombotic syndrome will help in defining patient groups who benefit most from revascularizing interventional strategies and developing standardized guidelines.
Beruf und Familie - Familienmanagement im Klinikum
Vest
Authors: Jule-Kathrin Kamps 
Published: June 2024

Erfolgreiche Zertifizierung „audit berufundfamilie“Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ist nicht immer leicht. Damit der Balanceakt
zwischen Kind und Karriere gelingen kann, ist die Unterstützung durch den
Arbeitgeber erforderlich. Doch wie gelingt die Weiterentwicklung hin zu einem
familienfreundlichen Arbeitgeber? Die berufundfamilie Service GmbH ist Dienstleister
im Bereich Vereinbarkeit von Beruf, Familie und Privatleben und begleitet
Unternehmen bei der Umsetzung einer familien- und lebensphasenbewussten
Personalpolitik. Mit dem audit berufundfamilie haben sie ein strategisches
Managementinstrument geschaffen, dessen Ziel die Realisierung einer familien- und
lebensphasenbewussten Personalpolitik ist 1.
Qualitätskriterien qualitativer Studien in der
Rehabilitationsforschung
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Heide Marie Sophia , Schwarz Betje , Klemmt Chantal , Kalski Linda 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fragestellungen, einzubeziehender
Perspektiven und beteiligter Disziplinen, gehören mit Hilfe qualitativer
Methoden durchgeführte Studien mittlerweile zum festen Bestandteil der
Rehabilitationswissenschaften. Um ihre Qualität und Aussagekraft gewährleisten
und nachvollziehen zu können, bedarf es Kriterien, an denen sich Forschende und
Rezipient:innen orientieren können. Aufgrund der Spezifika und Heterogenität
qualitativer Ansätze, herrscht jedoch Uneinigkeit bezüglich angemessener und
universell-gültiger Gütekriterien. In diesem Beitrag werden Kernkriterien, die
bei der Planung, Durchführung und dem Rezipieren von qualitativen
Studien(-teilen) zu Hilfe genommen werden können, vorgestellt und mit Bezug zur
nationalen Rehabilitationsforschung diskutiert. Dafür werden die spezifischen
Merkmale der Rehabilitationsforschung berücksichtigt und die Anwendung der
Qualitätskriterien anhand konkreter Beispiele aus der Forschungspraxis der
Rehabilitationswissenschaften dargestellt.
Secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) in 3 cats and 2
dogs
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Oechtering Gerhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective To describe secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) due to
obstruction of the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube in cats and dogs
and to characterize the effusion by macroscopic description, microscopic
cytology and bacteriological analysis.
Material and Methods Three cats and 2 dogs with middle ear effusion and
obstruction of the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube detected on CT
scans received myringotomy followed by macroscopic description, microscopic
cytology and bacteriological analysis of the fluid obtained.
Results All animals had serous to mucoid middle ear effusions and, in 2
cases, large numbers of inflammatory cells and secondary infection. Causes of
auditory tube dysfunction ranged from iatrogenic stents (2) to neoplasia (3). In
the non-neoplastic cases, effusion resolved in all cases after removal of the
underlying cause.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Obstruction of the nasopharyngeal
opening of the auditory tube leads to accumulation of fluid within the middle
ear in cats and dogs. If the cause of obstruction can be removed, fluid
accumulation resolves. Fluid characteristics are comparable to middle ear
effusions in pugs and French bulldogs. It is important to always examine the
nasopharynx in cases of middle ear effusion to rule out SSOM.
Imaging findings in otitis media and resulting secondary lesions in
dogs and cats – an image essay
Authors: Ludewig Eberhard , Jopp Ilka , Vali Yasamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the past 2 decades, the increasing availability of computed tomography (CT)
and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the growing professional
expertise have significantly improved the diagnostics of middle and inner ear
diseases in dogs and cats. In answering some of the diagnostic questions, CT and
MRT demonstrate equivalent performance. For most questions, however, there are
differences in the diagnostic performance due to the physical imaging properties
of the 2 modalities.CT is more sensitive in demonstrating involvement of the bulla wall and is more
effective for detecting abnormal content within the tympanic bulla. In addition,
with CT it is often easier to guide tissue samplings. On the other hand,
structural changes of the soft tissues of the skull, head, meninges, brain, and
nerves are not or only insufficiently detectable on CT images. MRI is clearly
superior here. Therefore, MRI is essential for the characterization of materials
inside the bulla cavity and for demonstrating the extent of any central spread
of otitis media (OM).In this image essay, CT and MRI features of OM and resulting secondary lesions
described in the literature are analyzed and summarized. Own image examples are
used for illustration. Information on the etiology, pathogenesis,
pathomorphology, and clinical signs important for understanding these changes
are presented in concise descriptions.
Unilaterales Othämatom als einziges Symptom bei einem Hund mit
multiplem Myelom
Authors: Kanstinger Alina , Rademacher Pia , Dahlem Dorothee 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungBei einer 9 Jahre alten Mischlingshündin wurde ein akutes, unilaterales Othämatom
diagnostiziert. Es gab weder klinisch noch anamnestisch einen Hinweis auf eine
Ursache des Othämatoms. Im Rahmen der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung wurden eine
hochgradige Hyperglobulinämie und eine hochgradige Thrombozytopenie
nachgewiesen. Ursächlich hierfür war ein multiples Myelom. Dies ist der erste
Fallbericht über einen Hund mit Othämatom als Folge einer Koagulopathie bedingt
durch ein multiples Myelom.
Genetische Ursachen der Adipositas und ihre therapeutischen Implikationen
Authors: Rajcsanyi Luisa Sophie , Schmidt Jasmin , Düerkop Sieglinde , Grote Lola , Peters Triinu , Körner Antje , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela , Hinney Anke 
Published: June 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAdipositas ist eine komplexe Störung, die von Umweltfaktoren und genetischen Varianten beeinflusst wird. Basierend auf den genetischen Grundlagen wird zwischen zwei Formen der Adipositas unterschieden. Die monogene (und syndromale) Adipositas ist selten und wird von Mutationen in jeweils einem Gen bedingt. Zur Manifestation einer extremen Adipositas mit Hyperphagie kommt es bereits in den ersten Lebensjahren. Abhängig vom betroffenen Gen können zudem weitere phänotypische Ausprägungen hinzukommen. Die polygene Adipositas dagegen ist weitaus häufiger. Ursächlich für diese Form ist eine Vielzahl von genetischen Varianten, die jeweils einen geringen, aber additiven Effekt auf das Körpergewicht haben. Frühzeitige genetische Diagnostik kann die vorliegende Form der Adipositas identifizieren und die Wahl einer geeigneten Therapieoption, ob Lebensstilintervention, bariatrische Chirurgie oder pharmakologische Behandlung, unterstützen. Wir stellen aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Forschung über die genetischen Ursachen der Adipositas dar. Zudem werden therapeutische und diagnostische Optionen, die teils auf genetischen Befunden basieren, beleuchtet.