bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Saha Abhik , Jha Hem C. , Upadhyay Santosh K. , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Aberrant promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) has been found in a large number of human cancers, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers. However, how epigenetic modification controls TSG expression in primary B lymphocytes in response to EBV infection has not been fully investigated. In vitro EBV readily transforms quiescent B-cells into lymphoblastoid cell lines, providing a working model for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of B-cell lymphoma development. To our knowledge, our work represents the first report to demonstrate that EBV-infection of naïve B lymphocytes resulted in global transcriptional repression of TSGs through recruitment of hypermethylation activities at CpG islands. These results can be further used as potential prognostic-markers and for current therapeutic enhancements against acute-infection and EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
Dynamics of an experimental microbial invasion
Authors: Acosta Francisco , Zamor Richard M. , Najar Fares Z. , Roe Bruce A. , Hambright K. David 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Current models for biological invasions are predominantly based on macroorganisms. Few invasion model assumptions have been validated for microbial systems. Further research on microbial invasion dynamics is required to determine whether macrobial models are appropriate for microbes, as well as to understand present and future distributions of invasive microorganisms, particularly in the face of contemporary environmental changes. We studied the establishment of an invasive protist in natural microbial assemblages in replicate experimental microcosms and found that, under adequate environmental conditions, invasion success was determined by the number of invading propagules rather than resource availability and the diversity of the invaded communities. This study is among the first to test invasibility hypotheses using an actual invasive microbial species in natural communities.
Roles of helix H69 of 23S rRNA in translation initiation
Authors: Liu Qi , Fredrick Kurt 
Published: September 2015

Significance
In this work, we dissect the interplay between helix H69 of the large subunit ribosomal RNA, initiation factor IF3, and initiator tRNA, interactions upon which the speed and accuracy of translation initiation rely. Our data clarify the molecular mechanisms that control the initiation process and explain the essentiality of H69 in the cell.
Marine and terrestrial herbivores display convergent chemical ecology despite 400 million years of independent evolution
Authors: Rasher Douglas B. , Stout E. Paige , Engel Sebastian , Shearer Tonya L. , Kubanek Julia , Hay Mark E. 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceWe report, for the first time to our knowledge, compounds that specialist marine herbivores use to find their prey. The seaweedHalimeda incrassataproduces metabolites that deter feeding by generalist herbivores. However, a specialist sea slug,Elysia tuca, follows these defensive compounds and not only attacks the seaweed but does so preferentially while the seaweed is reproducing.ElysiasequesterHalimeda’schemical defenses (to deter predators) and chloroplasts (becoming photosynthetic).Elysiafeeding reducesHalimedagrowth by ∼50%, but the alga drops branches occupied byElysia, possibly to avoid fungal infection associated with herbivory and to rid itself ofElysia. These interactions parallel many involving terrestrial insects and plants, even though marine and terrestrial herbivores have evolved independently for 400 million years.
Low clouds suppress Arctic air formation and amplify high-latitude continental winter warming
Authors: Cronin Timothy W. , Tziperman Eli 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceFuture-greenhouse simulations, and evidence of frost-intolerant species in high-latitude continental interiors during past equable climates, show significantly amplified warming at high latitudes over land in winter, with physical mechanisms that are still not understood. We show that the process of Arctic air formation, in which a high-latitude maritime air mass is advected over a continent, cooled at the surface, and transformed into a much colder continental polar air mass, may change dramatically and even be suppressed in warmer climates due to an increase in the duration of optically thick low clouds. This leads to two-degree warming over the continent in response to each degree of warming over the nearby ocean, possibly explaining both past and future continental warming.
Chronophin coordinates cell leading edge dynamics by controlling active cofilin levels
Authors: Delorme-Walker Violaine , Seo Ji-Yeon , Gohla Antje , Fowler Bruce , Bohl Ben , DerMardirossian Céline 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Cell motility plays important roles in normal physiology and numerous disease states, including cancers. Cofilin, a key player in cell locomotion, controls the direction and the force of cell protrusion. Our study establishes the cofilin phosphatase chronophin (CIN) as a major component of a PI3-kinase–mediated, Rac1-dependent signaling mechanism that activates cofilin downstream of EGF receptor in mammary carcinoma cells. During EGF stimulation, CIN redistributes to the cell edge, where it regulates cofilin-dependent actin turnover and coordinates cell protrusion and retraction dynamics. Our data uncover previously unidentified molecular mechanisms regulating cofilin in time and space in tumor cells and expand our understanding of cancer cell movement, a critical step in the process of metastasis.
Noncanonical role of transferrin receptor 1 is essential for intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Chen Alan C. , Donovan Adriana , Ned-Sykes Renee , Andrews Nancy C. 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceTransferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) facilitates cellular iron acquisition by binding to and internalizing iron-loaded transferrin. Although this function is essential for red blood cell precursors, the role of Tfr1 in nonhematopoietic tissues has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we investigated the role of Tfr1 in the intestine by developing mutant mice in which Tfr1 is inactivated specifically in the intestinal epithelium. We discovered that inactivation of Tfr1 has pleiotropic consequences leading to the loss of intestinal epithelial proliferation and homeostasis and induction of genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These effects are not related to the iron uptake, revealing a surprising role for this ubiquitous membrane protein.
Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain
Authors: Arsuaga Juan Luis , Carretero José-Miguel , Lorenzo Carlos , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Pablos Adrián , Rodríguez Laura , García-González Rebeca , Bonmatí Alejandro , Quam Rolf M. , Pantoja-Pérez Ana , Martínez Ignacio , Aranburu Arantza , Gracia-Téllez Ana , Poza-Rey Eva , Sala Nohemi , García Nuria , Alcázar de Velasco Almudena , Cuenca-Bescós Gloria , Bermúdez de Castro José María , Carbonell Eudald 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos (SH) fossil collection provides the rare opportunity to thoroughly characterize the postcranial skeleton in a fossil population, comparable only to that obtained in the study of the Neandertal hypodigm and recent (and fossil) modern humans. The SH paleodeme can be characterized as relatively tall, wide, and muscular individuals, who are less encephalized than both Neandertals and modern humans. Some (but not all) Neandertal derived traits are present, which phylogenetically links this population with Neandertals. Thus, the full suite of Neandertal features did not arise all at once, and the evolution of the postcranial skeleton could be characterized as following a mosaic pattern.
Inhibition of the oxygen sensor PHD2 in the liver improves survival in lactic acidosis by activating the Cori cycle
Authors: Suhara Tomohiro , Hishiki Takako , Kasahara Masataka , Hayakawa Noriyo , Oyaizu Tomoko , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi , Kubo Akiko , Morisaki Hiroshi , Kaelin William G. , Suematsu Makoto , Minamishima Yoji Andrew 
Published: September 2015

Significance
When oxygen availability becomes limited, organs and cells activate the hypoxic response to generate energy. This response releases a large amount of lactate into the circulation as a result of anaerobic glycolysis. However, we found that activating the hypoxic response in the liver by inhibiting the oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) enhances the uptake of lactate for gluconeogenesis, also known as the Cori cycle, and ameliorates lactic acidosis. Our findings suggest that PHD2 serves as a viable drug target for the treatment of life-threatening lactic acidosis, which is frequent complication of severe infectious and ischemic diseases, as well as of biguanide treatment in patients with diabetes with renal failure.
Vba4p, a vacuolar membrane protein, is involved in the drug resistance and vacuolar morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kawano-Kawada Miyuki , Pongcharoen Pongsanat , Kawahara Rieko , Yasuda Mayu , Yamasaki Takashi , Akiyama Koichi , Sekito Takayuki , Kakinuma Yoshimi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the vacuolar basic amino acid (VBA) transporter family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, VBA4 encodes a vacuolar membrane protein with 14 putative transmembrane helices. Transport experiments with isolated vacuolar membrane vesicles and estimation of the amino acid contents in vacuoles showed that Vba4p is not likely involved in the transport of amino acids. We found that the vba4Δ cells, as well as vba1Δ and vba2Δ cells, showed increased susceptibility to several drugs, particularly to azoles. Although disruption of the VBA4 gene did not affect the salt tolerance of the cells, vacuolar fragmentation observed under high salt conditions was less prominent in vba4Δ cells than in wild type, vba1Δ, and vba2Δ cells. Vba4p differs from Vba1p and Vba2p as a vacuolar transporter but is important for the drug resistance and vacuolar morphology of S. cerevisiae.
Mechanisms underlying reductions in stroke volume at rest and during exercise at high altitude
Authors: Stembridge Mike , Ainslie Philip N. , Shave Rob 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHigh‐altitude exposure challenges the cardiovascular system to maintain oxygen delivery to the mitochondria under conditions of hypoxic stress. Following acclimatisation (3–5 days), stroke volume (SV) falls to below sea‐level values but heart rate remains elevated, such that cardiac output is maintained compared to sea level. The decrease in SV has been a topic of research for over 40 years, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Impaired systolic contractile function secondary to reduced coronary arterial oxygen tension has been investigated as a potential cause for the decrease in SV. However, despite in vitro evidence of impaired cardiac contractile force in severe hypoxia, the majority of studies to date have reported enhanced in vivo ventricular systolic function at rest and during exercise in humans up to and above 5000 m. However, the elevated function observed at rest has recently been suggested to reduce the functional reserve available during exercise. While in vivo systolic function appears enhanced at high altitude, a decrease in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (EDV) and altered filling patterns of both ventricles has been observed. The reduction in ventricular filling will undoubtedly affect SV, and four potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the reduction in left ventricular filling. In this article, both historical and recent reports of systolic function at high altitude will be reviewed, and evidence supporting and refuting each of the four mechanisms underpinning reduced left ventricular filling will be discussed.
BigBWA: approaching the Burrows–Wheeler aligner to Big Data technologies
Authors: Abuín José M. , Pichel Juan C. , Pena Tomás F. , Amigo Jorge 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Summary: BigBWA is a new tool that uses the Big Data technology Hadoop to boost the performance of the Burrows–Wheeler aligner (BWA). Important reductions in the execution times were observed when using this tool. In addition, BigBWA is fault tolerant and it does not require any modification of the original BWA source code.
Availability and implementation: BigBWA is available at the project GitHub repository: https://github.com/citiususc/BigBWA
Contact: josemanuel.abuin@usc.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Outcomes of ORIF >7 Days After Injury in Displaced Pediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures
Authors: Silva Mauricio , Paredes Alejandro , Sadlik Gal 
Published: September 2015

Background:
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of surgical timing on the outcome of pediatric lateral condyle fractures (LCF). We hypothesize that performing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for a displaced LCF between 7 and 14 days after the occurrence of injury does not result in significant changes in outcome, as compared with those treated within the first 7 days.

Methods:
A total of 181 pediatric LCFs treated with ORIF, with a mean follow-up of 38 weeks and a mean age of 5 years, were included. All information related to the patient’s elbow injury was prospectively collected. We identified 2 specific groups: 133 LCFs that were treated within the first 7 days after injury (group 1), and 48 that were treated between 7 and 14 days after injury (group 2). A satisfactory outcome was one in which there was evidence of healing of the fracture, a range of motion of at least 85% of the normal, contralateral side at the latest follow-up, and no evidence of complications, loss of fixation, infection, or avascular necrosis of the lateral condyle.

Results:
Overall, the mean time from injury to surgery was 5 days (range, 0 to 14 d). Initial fracture displacement was slightly larger in group 1 versus group 2, by a mean of 2.6 mm (P=0.004). There were no iatrogenic nerve injuries or vascular complications in either group. There was no difference in the mean surgical time between groups (P=0.004). At the latest follow-up appointment, elbows in both groups had similar range of motion (P=0.5), a low and similar rate of complications, and comparable rates of satisfactory outcomes (88.0% vs. 87.5%; P=0.6).

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that performing an ORIF for a displaced pediatric LCF up to 14 days after the original injury does not adversely affect the outcome of the procedure.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—comparative study.
Predictors of Hematologic Toxicity and Chemotherapy Dose Intensity in Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Shaikh Talha , Wang Lora S. , Egleston Brian , Burki Meher , Hoffman John P. , Cohen Steven J. , Meyer Joshua E. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives:
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been shown to decrease abdominal toxicity in patients undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) for pancreatic cancer. We evaluated whether IMRT impacts the rates of hematologic toxicity and chemotherapy dose intensity in patients undergoing CRT.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing CRT between 2006 and 2012. Exclusion criteria included receipt of non-gemcitabine therapy, chemotherapy before CRT, or abnormal baseline hematologic indices. Endpoints included total gemcitabine dose received, dose intensity, unplanned dose reductions, and hematologic toxicity (WBC, ANC, platelet, and hemoglobin). Patient/treatment factors were evaluated for their relationship to the above endpoints during CRT and within the first 3 months post-CRT. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test and regression models. Because of the multiple comparisons in the presented analysis, a false discovery rate adjustment was performed at the 5% false discovery rate level.

Results:
Eighty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight (68.2%) patients received treatment with IMRT, and 27 (31.8%) patients were treated with 3D-conformal radiation. During CRT, there was no relationship between radiation technique and gemcitabine dose received, dose intensity, or hematologic grade 3+ toxicity. Post-CRT, there was no relationship between radiation technique and total gemcitabine dose received, dose intensity, or dose reduction. Patients receiving IMRT were more likely to have ANC grade 3+ toxicity (P=0.007) post-CRT, although this was no longer statistically significant after correction. There were no other relationships between treatment technique and hematologic toxicity.

Conclusions:
IMRT technique may be associated with higher hematologic toxicity in patients undergoing CRT for pancreatic cancer. Given the expanding use of CRT, additional study is needed to identify the impact of IMRT on myelosuppression in these patients.
Randomized Controlled Comparison of Titanium-Sapphire Versus Standard Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Kaplowitz Kevin , Wang Samantha , Bilonick Richard , Oatts Julius T. , Grippo Tomas , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical effects of laser trabeculoplasty using a novel 790 nm wavelength titanium-sapphire laser (TLT) compared with a 532 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser used in standard selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).

Methods:
Single institution prospective clinical trial of open-angle glaucoma patients randomized to TLT or SLT at the Yale Eye Center from 2011 to 2012. Patients with previous glaucoma surgery or trabeculoplasty were excluded. Trabeculoplasty was performed by a single surgeon unmasked to treatment group. All patients received 360 degrees of treatment. The main outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) at 2 years.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients were enrolled. The mean baseline IOPs were 19.7 in TLT (n=18) and 20.4 mm Hg in SLT (n=19, P=0.69).
At 2 years, the mean IOP was 12.9 mm Hg (35% decrease, P<0.001) in the TLT group and 15.4 mm Hg (25% decrease, P=0.006) in the SLT group. The 2 groups did not differ in glaucoma medication use. Success, defined as IOP<21 mm Hg with >20% reduction from baseline without the need for secondary glaucoma procedures, occurred in 44% of TLT patients and 61% of SLT patients at 1 year and in 22% of TLT patients and 46% of SLT patients at 2 years (P=0.11). No patients experienced significant pain, anterior chamber reaction, corneal edema, or loss of vision.

Conclusions:
TLT may be a safe and effective alternative to SLT to lower IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma.
Larsen
&
Toubro strides out strategically on talent management
Authors: Panda Sunita , Sahoo Chandan Kumar 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Describes how, in a highly competitive environment, Larsen
&
Toubro attracts and retains its talent in a strategic way.

Design/methodology/approach
– Researches the firm’s various talent-management and leadership-training strategies.

Findings
– Reveals that 360-degree talent management is necessary to empower employees and to develop leadership capacities.

Practical implications
– Presents a framework for talent management and leadership development in a manufacturing business which can be recast to suit different organizational set-ups.

Social implications
– Explains that the company recruits many of its workers from rural India. Employees are recruited for their potential as much as for their existing skills.

Originality/value
– Describes a new dimension of talent management being practiced and its success in a manufacturing business.
Apprentices keep Dinamiks at the cutting edge of technology
Authors: Barnes Simon 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Describes the advantages that technology company Dinamiks gains from its apprenticeship program.

Design/methodology/approach
– Gives the managing director’s viewpoint of the benefits of apprenticeships to a small company.

Findings
– Reveals that apprentices have enabled Dinamiks to tap into the technology innovations and ways of working with technology that many young people take in their stride and to learn what of that needs to be included in its products.

Practical implications
– Details how the company has benefited from the energy of youth, a different style of conversation and innovative individuals who have the ideas to move the product, and therefore the company, on.

Social implications
– Explains that the program prepares apprentices to go out into the wider business world and be a valuable contributor in whatever field they ultimately choose.

Originality/value
– Highlights the winning combination of apprentices, who bring new ideas and ways of working, with seasoned employees, with their business acumen gained through years of experience.
Coaching the coaches
Authors: Chan Juni , Burgess John 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Reports on a case study of a 15-month coaching-development program in a Hong Kong-based organization. This paper outlines the purpose, processes and outcomes of the program.

Design/methodology/approach
– Draws on the material obtained from internal coaches through structured interviews and focus groups that were held throughout the program.

Findings
– Reveals that the internal coaches reported that the coaching program improved their skills and enhanced their capacity to help others and develop managerial talent in the organization.

Practical implications
– Advances the view that a well-designed, long-term and continuously monitored coaching program using an external moderator/facilitating coach can develop professional managerial and leadership skills and support talent management.

Originality/value
– Describes a coaching-development program that has the potential to be applied in organizations that face talent-management and recruitment problems.
Step by step to soft-skills training
Authors: Rao M.S 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Emphasizes the need to give soft-skills training equal importance with other core subjects in Indian educational institutions to enhance students’ employability.

Design/methodology/approach
– Illustrates with a blueprint to ensure industry – institute interaction and co-ordination from all stakeholders including educators, industry, training and placement officers and soft-skills trainers.

Findings
– Highlights the need to treat soft skills like any other core subject to make students understand their importance.

Practical implications
– Shows that soft skills will enable students to grow not only as an enlightened and empowered individuals but also as an employable and self-employable individuals.

Social implications
– Seeks strong support from all stakeholders, including educators, students, parents, industry, non-governmental organizations and government, to enhance employability skills in students.

Originality/value
– Turns the spotlight on the importance of soft skills to students and the Indian economy as a whole.