bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Indicators for Physiotherapy Care in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: Development and Clinimetric Properties
Authors: Peter W. F. , van der Wees P. J. , Hendriks E. J. M. , de Bie R. A. , Verhoef J. , de Jong Z. , van Bodegom‐Vos L. , Hilberdink W. K. H. A. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to develop process quality indicators for physiotherapy care based on key recommendations of the Dutch physiotherapy guideline on hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsGuideline recommendations were rated for their relevance by an expert panel, transformed into potential indicators and incorporated into a questionnaire, the Quality Indicators for Physiotherapy in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis (QIP‐HKOA). Adherence with each indicator was rated on a Likert scale (0 = never to 4 = always). The QIP‐HKOA was administered to groups of expert (n = 51) and general (n = 134) physiotherapists (PTs) to test its discriminative power. Reliability was tested in a subgroup of 118 PTs by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). QIP‐HKOA items were included if they were considered to be related to the cornerstones of physiotherapy in hip and knee OA (exercises and education), had discriminative power and/or if they were followed by <75% of PTs in both groups.ResultsNineteen indicators were derived from 41 recommendations. Twelve indicators were considered to be the cornerstones of physiotherapy care; six indicators had discriminative power and/or were followed by <75% PTs in both groups, resulting in an 18‐item QIP‐ HKOA. The QIP‐HKOA score was significantly higher with expert [60.73; standard deviation (SD) 5.67] than with general PTs (54.65; SD 6.17) (p < 0.001). The ICC of the QIP‐HKOA among 46/118 PTs was 0.89.ConclusionThe QIP‐HKOA, based on 18 process indicators derived from a physiotherapy guideline on hip and knee OA was found to be reliable and discriminated between expert and general PTs. Its ability to measure improvement in the quality of the process of physiotherapy care needs to be further examined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New bounding techniques for goal‐oriented error estimation applied to linear problems
Authors: Ladevèze P. , Pled F. , Chamoin L. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe paper deals with the accuracy of guaranteed error bounds on outputs of interest computed from approximate methods such as the finite element method. A considerable improvement is introduced for linear problems, thanks to new bounding techniques based on Saint‐Venant's principle. The main breakthrough of these optimized bounding techniques is the use of properties of homothetic domains that enables to cleverly derive guaranteed and accurate bounding of contributions to the global error estimate over a local region of the domain. Performances of these techniques are illustrated through several numerical experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface morphology and raman analysis of the polyimide film aged under bipolar pulse voltage
Authors: Yang Yang , Yin Di , Zhong Chuyu , Xiong Rui , Shi Jing , Liu Zhengyou , Wang Xuan , Lei Qingquan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolyimide film has the weakness of high processing temperature and low corona resistance, which restrain its further development. Kapton 100 HN polyimide films with a thickness of 50 μm were aged by needle‐plane electrode under 4 kV bipolar pulse voltages for 4 h at different frequencies (300—900 Hz). The surface morphologies of the pristine and aged polyimide films were analyzed using an atomic force microscope, and the changes in chemical bonds during corona aging were analyzed by Raman spectra. Different surface morphologies are observed using AFM, and the parameters all have sharp increases, which reveal that the surface morphology is obviously influenced by the corona aging under the bipolar pulse voltage. Raman results show that there are peak shifts and changes of the relative band intensities, which demonstrate that the chemical bonds in the polymer chains are reoriented by the electric field. Moreover, the corona aging of the polyimide film became severe at high frequency. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication of polystyrene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films synthesized by in situ microemulsion polymerization
Authors: Patole Archana S. , Patole Shashikant P. , Yoo Ji‐Beom , An Jeong‐Ho , Kim Tae‐Ho 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA microemulsion polymerization method was used to achieve better compatibility between polystyrene (PS)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites and the host PS matrix to form films with excellent electrical and thermal properties. The films were prepared by embedding the PS/MWCNTs nanocomposite into the PS matrix. The MWCNTs were functionalized with PS nanoparticles to avoid the phase separation problem between the filler and host matrix and to enhance the good dispersibility of MWCNTs in the PS host matrix. The confirmation of the synthesis was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Raman spectroscopy. The variation effect of the PS‐linking density on the MWCNT was revealed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An enhancement of the thermal and mechanical properties was revealed by thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning colorimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pretreatment of pine needles/wood particles and their composites with isocyanate prepolymer adhesive
Authors: Chauhan Monika , Gupta M. , Singh B. , Bhattacharyya S.K. , Singh A.K. , Gupta V.K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPine needles and eucalyptus wood particles were treated with 4, 4′ diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The efficacy of treatment was assessed in terms of lowering in the contact angle, the assignment of new absorption peaks and the penetration inside the surfaces. Results indicate that needles were less wettable than the wood particles and also heterogeneitically retained isocyanate on their surfaces. A positive effect in the properties of composites was observed when pine needles were used with the composite adhesive system: monomeric isocyanate for pretreatment and isocyanate prepolymer for particle–particle bonding. Pine needles and wood particles in 50:50 ratio in the panels were optimized. It was found that composites containing both pine needles and wood particles exhibited superior mechanical properties to the composites made solely with the pine needles. During hydrothermal aging, the pine needle composites retained more internal bond strength than those made with the blended fibers. Improved resistance against natural decay was noticed with the sodium pentachlorophenate treatment and exhibiting <10% weight loss in the composites. Toxicity index based on gases emitted during the burning of composites was found in the range of 2.2–3.7 which is considered to be safe in comparison with the other similar materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Estimation of tensile strength of inorganic plate‐like particulate reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe reinforcing mechanisms of inorganic plate‐like particulate reinforced polymer composites were discussed based on the micro‐mechanical model in this article, and a new expression of tensile strength was derived by introducing an interfacial strength factor. This equation was applied to estimate the tensile strength of inorganic plate‐like particulate reinforced polymer composites. The results showed that the relative tensile strength increased nonlinearly with increasing filler volume fraction. Finally, the equation was verified preliminarily using the measured tensile strength of the mica reinforced poly (aryl ether ketone) composites and mica reinforced polydimethylsiloxane networks reported from literature, good agreement was found between the predictions of the relative tensile strength and the experimental data. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reuse of cured epoxy as a reinforcement in an epoxy composite
Authors: Mohan T.P. , Kanny K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the reuse of a thermoset‐based epoxy polymer. In this method, cured epoxy polymer is ground to powder of particle size ranging from 1 to 30 μm. The ground epoxy is then filled in an epoxy polymer to form an epoxy–epoxy composite system using both room and high temperature processing. The amount of filler material was varied from 1 to 10 wt% in the epoxy matrix. Rheology and tensile properties test were then performed. The result shows that the room temperature‐processed epoxy composites (above 5 wt% of powders) resulted in the formation of voids, agglomeration of particles, and reduced degree of cure leading to a decrease in tensile properties. These drawbacks (voids, agglomeration, and low degree of cure) were correspondingly absent in composites processed at high temperature. Results from this work suggest that the thermoset polymer can be reused effectively with minimal changes to the unfilled resin properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental studies for stability of ferroelectric phase in potassium nitrate composite films
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Nath Rabinder 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article describes the experimental results for the stability of ferroelectric phase III of potassium nitrate (KNO3) at room temperature. To ensure the stability of ferroelectric phase III of potassium nitrate, we have prepared the composite films of potassium nitrate with polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) in the relative amount of 50–50 wt% using melt‐pressing. The structural and electrical properties have been carried out. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) has been used to identify the crystalline phases. The ferroelectric polarization hysteresis loops also show that the value of remanent polarization (Pr) is 5.5 μC cm−2 at room temperature. The switching current transient behavior was also investigated and indicates the presence of ferroelectric phase in the composite films. Capacitance versus temperature (C‐T) measurements have been used to identify the phase transition temperature during heating and cooling, which supports the Curie–Weiss behavior. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Recent progress in smart polymer composite particles in electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Liu Ying Dan , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElectrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) fluids based on electro‐ and magneto‐responsive particles, respectively, are smart suspensions with the ability to undergo phase transitions from a liquid‐like to a solid‐like state as a result of stimuli of an electric or magnetic field. The application of polymer composite materials rather than pure polymeric or inorganic materials is aiming to solve the problems in the use of both ER and MR materials, such as low activity, physical and chemical stability, and production cost. Various fabrication methods of polymer composite materials with electro‐activity or magneto‐activity developed and effectively applied in this field to boost the wide commercialization of both ER and MR fluids are briefly reviewed in this perspective. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 41)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm , Dunlop Ewan D. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since June 2012 are reviewed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of InP Etching Under ICP Cl2/Ar/N2 Plasma Mixture: Effect of N2 on the Etch Anisotropy Evolution
Authors: Chanson Romain , Rhallabi Ahmed , Fernandez Marie Claude , Cardinaud Christophe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA 2D Monte‐Carlo etching model of InP by a Cl2/Ar/N2 plasma discharge coupled to our kinetic plasma model and sheath model have been developed. It allows prediction of geometrical and chemical profile of etched trenches versus the operating conditions. The plasma kinetic model is performed to quantify reactive species densities and fluxes of Cl, N, and positive ions. The latter are introduced as input parameters in the etching model. Under Cl2/Ar plasma mixture, the mechanism of bowing development is attributed to chemical desorption of InClx sites. The addition of nitrogen into Cl2/Ar gas mixture outline the role of nitrogen in the formation of a passivated layer on the side wall. magnified image
Plasma Polymerization of APTES to Elaborate Nitrogen Containing Organosilicon Thin Films: Influence of Process Parameters and Discussion About the Growing Mechanisms
Authors: Lecoq Elodie , Duday David , Bulou Simon , Frache Gilles , Hilt Florian , Maurau Rémy , Choquet Patrick 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPlasma polymerization of 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTES) in microwave late afterglow was studied. First, sol‐gel polymerized APTES was prepared and characterized by ATR–FTIR and XPS. The results obtained were used as a model to define the nature of nitrogen containing groups in the plasma polymer layers. It is shown that the variation of process gas mixture gives the possibility to tailor the chemical composition of the coatings. We show that nitrogen can be present in the thin films as amines, amides, imines or oximes. The analysis of the gas phase composition by OES during the deposition process was realized and based on the correlations established between OES results and thin film compositions, some assumptions on the chemical mechanisms involved in the gas phase are discussed. magnified image
A Dispossessed People: the Depopulation of the Chagos Archipelago 1965–1973
Authors: Gifford Richard , Dunne Richard P. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTOn 8 November 1965, the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean was detached from the former British colony of Mauritius to create the British Indian Ocean Territory in order to make the islands available for joint UK/US defence purposes. By 1973, all the inhabitants had been removed by the British Government to make way for a US Military Base on one of the islands, Diego Garcia. Although the recorded population of the Chagos in the early 1960s before the formation of the British Indian Ocean Territory did not exceed 1,000 at any one time, the nature of the society and their links to colonial Mauritius masked the true numbers who had been born on and lived in the islands and were entitled to consider themselves native islanders or ‘Ilois’ and whose employment and lifestyle involved a freedom of movement between Mauritius and the Chagos. The size and nature of the Ilois were deliberately manipulated and concealed by British colonial officials in order to avoid scrutiny by the United Nations. By comparing the best available contemporary records and government archives, we conclusively demonstrate that the policy of the British Government drove between 1,328 and 1,522 Ilois into exile and poverty on Mauritius, and a further 232 on the Seychelles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of substrate bias on the properties of microcrystalline silicon films deposited by hot‐wire chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shen Honglie , You Jiayi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrocrystalline silicon thin films were deposited on glass and stainless steel (SS) substrates by hot‐wire chemical vapor deposition with negative substrate bias varying from 0 to −600 V. The structural properties of these films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the crystallinity and compactness of the films deposited on glass first improved by increasing the substrate bias from 0 to −300 V, and then deteriorated by further elevating the substrate bias from −300 to −600 V. However, the crystallinity of films deposited on SS with negative substrate bias deteriorated on increasing the applied substrate bias. Moreover, temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements were performed to investigate the electrical properties of the boron‐doped films on glass. The conductivity activation energy of the boron‐doped films deposited on glass first decreased from 0.049 to 0.039 eV by varying the substrate bias from 0 to −300 V, and then increased to 0.05 eV on increasing the substrate bias to −600 V.
Self‐organized defect control during GaN homoepitaxial growth on nanostructured substrates
Authors: Mynbaeva M. , Sitnikova A. , Nikolaev A. , Vinogradova K. , Mynbaev K. , Nikolaev V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe implementation of the control over defect formation in GaN films grown by Hydride Vapor‐Phase Epitaxy on free‐standing GaN substrates with nanostructured bulk of the material is reported. For the first time, a mechanism is described which is responsible for collective interaction of structural defects, and allows for excluding substrate dislocations from the sources of threading defects in homoepitaxially grown GaN films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Splitting of surface‐related phonons in Raman spectra of self‐assembled GaN nanowires
Authors: Wang J. , Demangeot F. , P’︁echou R. , Ponchet A. , Cros A. , Daudin B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicro Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on GaN nanowires grown by Plasma‐Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Silicon (111) substrate. From the analysis of experimental data, the emergence of a two peaks band located near 700 cm−1 has been attributed to the Raman scattering by surface‐related phonons. We have analyzed the surface character of these two modes by changing the dielectric constant of the exterior medium and some experimental parameters.Furthermore, a theoretical model describing the nanowires ensemble by means of an effective dielectric function has been used to interpret the Raman scattering results. Those numerical simulations are in reasonable agreement with experimental observations and suggest that these two peaks resulting from the splitting of surface‐related phonon into axial and planar modes can be used as a probe of the dielectric properties of the nanowires environment (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual distortions about Tl and Pb in PbTe:Tl
Authors: Bridges F. , Keiber T. , Medling S. , Sales B.C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWhen the well know thermoelectric PbTe is doped with a few percent Tl, the figure of merit, ZT = S2 σ /κ, is dramatically improved (here S is the Seebeck coefficient, σ the electrical conductivity and κ the thermal conductivity). Tl is a valence skipper with valences of +1 and +3 and replaces Pb(+2) in PbTe. Further Tl(+1) has a lone electron pair; consequently, the atom is asymmetric and large local distortions are expected if Tl(+1) is present. Here we we present Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) data for 1% Tl doped PbTe at the Tl and Pb L3 edges and at the Te K edge, to probe the local structure about the dopant, and host atoms.At 10 K the local structure about Pb and Te is well ordered, although disorder of the Pb‐Te (Te‐Pb) pair distribution function (PDF) increases rapidly with increasing T. In contrast the environment around Tl is more disordered even at 10 K within the well ordered host material. This indicates a large variation of the Tl‐Te bond lengths presumably as a result of the presence of some Tl(+1). This increased local disorder will result in additional electron and phonon scattering. We discuss possible models for the disorder about Tl and for PbTe at higher temperature for which neutron PDF measurements suggest Pb moves off‐center (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermoluminescence of NaF:Eu3+ phosphors exposed to beta particle irradiation
Authors: García‐Haro A. R. , Bernal R. , Cruz‐Vázquez C. , Kitis G. , Orante‐Barrón V. R. , Castaño V. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPellet‐shaped NaF:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by sintering. When a 5 K/s heating rate was used, the char‐acteristic glow curves of beta particle irradiated samples exhibited two thermoluminescence (TL) maxima located at 401 K and 498 K, being the higher temperature max‐imum the most intense. A peak located between 473 and 523 K is considered to have a position very suitable to assure good thermal stability of the stored TL, so this phosphor is attractive for radiation dosimetry. Beta particle irradiated samples displayed a TL response that increases as the radiation dose increased in the 0.08 to 42.5 Gy dose range, with a linear behavior below 10 Gy followed by a sublinear one for higher doses. Under storage after irradiation, the TL maximum at 498 K displayed a remarkable stability, and the TL fading revealed that the maximum at 401 K is not a single peak. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computer modelling of undoped and Eu3+‐doped LiLa(WO4)2
Authors: Amaral Jomar B. , de Moraes Jair R. , Baldochi Sonia L. , Jackson Robert A. , Valerio Mário E. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, computer modelling of the undoped and Eu3+‐doped LiLa(WO4)2 structure was successfully achieved by energy minimization and mean field theory. The results were compared with experimental data previously published and are in good agreement with them. A linear regression of the lattice parameters was also proposed as a function of the dopant concentration. The lattice ordering was evaluated to understand the possibility of structural changes in the crystal. Regarding the optical luminescence, the concentration limit of Eu doping was also determined. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomistic modelling of actinide oxides for nuclear fuel applications
Authors: Walker Scott R. , Jackson Robert A. , Read Mark S. D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAtomistic computer simulations were performed for the actinide oxides (UO2, PuO2 and MOX) in the temperature range 300 K‐2000 K, in order to elucidate the physical and defect properties of these nuclear fuel materials. Parameterised cation‐anion Buckingham potentials, coupled to a standard Coulomb function, were used to describe the short range and long range interatomic interactions respectively. Mott‐Littleton methodology was employed for accurate defect modelling and to calculate intrinsic defect formation energies. This paper summarises the key findings of a bulk study into these materials and extends this briefly to consider surface effects and morphologies. In addition to highlighting the thermodynamic stability of aggregated defects over isolated point defects, it is shown that the empirical potentials themselves are thermally stable beyond the standard centreline temperatures experienced within a Light Water Reactor (LWR). Finally, minimum energy pathways (MEP) for oxygen migration in UO2 have been investigated, indicating that at least one of the mechanisms, the <110> vacancy migration, is non‐linear. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescent and storage properties of photostimulable core/shell type silicate nanoparticles
Authors: Osvet Andres , Batentschuk Miroslaw , Milde Moritz , Lundt Nils , Gellermann Carsten , Dembski Sofia , Winnacker Albrecht , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe have prepared hybrid luminescent nanoparticles with amorphous SiO2 cores and crystalline Zn2SiO4:Mn2+shells by sol‐gel technology. Under UV excitation the shells of the particles emit green Mn2+‐related luminescence at 525 nm. In addition, under the UV excitation at least two kinds of traps are filled with electrons, contributing to a long afterglow and photostimulated luminescence. The paper presents the details of the charging and stimulation characteristics of the photostimulated luminescence. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)