bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracking's Future in a Coal Mining Past: Subjectivity Undermined
Authors: Hudgins Anastasia 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper presents initial research on a community of renters in Southwestern Pennsylvania whose homes are adjacent to a hydraulic fracturing site and containment pond. The community is nestled in a rural section of the county where abandoned and working coal mines are neighbors to fracking's new industrial process of energy extraction, which residents describe as moving in like “aliens.” Most have family members who work(ed) in the coal industry, and the identity that emerges from their community of practice, and the attendant institutions and structures that shape their commentary of complaint and benefit are fundamentally informed by factors associated with labor. Coal miners are a more localized, populous, networked labor force with deep roots in the area, while the fracking‐related labor is diffuse, disaggregated, and transient. Residents seek ways to frame their concerns and articulate their unease from a position as outsiders, and while buy‐in on jobs as a natural outcome of the natural gas industry is high despite evidence to the contrary, critiques about health and the environment are tentative.
Surgical intervention for feeding and nutrition difficulties in cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Ferluga Elizabeth D , Sathe Nila A , Krishnaswami Shanthi , Mcpheeters Melissa L 
Published: June 2013

AimThe aim of the study was to systematically review surgical intervention for feeding difficulties in cerebral palsy.MethodWe searched databases including MEDLINE from 1980 to July 2012. Two reviewers independently assessed studies and rated the overall quality and strength of the evidence.ResultsThirteen publications (11 unique studies) met the inclusion criteria and addressed gastrostomy outcomes or treatment of reflux via fundoplication. In nine studies, gastrostomy‐fed children gained weight. Relative to typically developing populations, baseline weight z‐scores ranged from −3.56 to −0.39 and follow‐up z‐scores ranged from −2.63 to −0.33. Other growth measures were mixed. Two studies assessed fundoplication: in one, both Nissen fundoplication and vertical gastric plication reduced reflux (by 57% and 43% respectively), while in one case series, reflux recurred within 12 months in 30% of children. The highest rates of adverse events across studies were site infection (59%), granulation tissue (42%), and recurrent reflux (30%). Death rates ranged from 7 to 29%; however, the underlying cause was probably not surgery.InterpretationEvidence for the effectiveness of surgical interventions is insufficient to low. Studies of gastrostomy typically demonstrated significant weight gain. Results for other measures were mixed. Many children remained underweight, although, given a lack of appropriate reference standards, these results should be interpreted cautiously.
Use of complementary markers in assessing glycaemic control in people with diabetic kidney disease undergoing iron or erythropoietin treatment
Authors: Konya J. , Ng J. M. , Cox H. , Cooke M. , Lewis N. , Bhandari S. , Atkin S. L. , Kilpatrick E. S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsHbA1c values are unreliable in patients with diabetes who have chronic kidney disease who receive iron and/or erythropoiesis stimulating agents. The study aimed to evaluate the utility of the complementary glycaemic markers glycated albumin, fructosamine and 1,5 anhydroglucitol in this group of patients.MethodsA prospective study of patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage IIIB/IV undergoing intravenous iron or erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent therapy. Glycaemic control was monitored using HbA1c, seven‐point daily glucose thrice weekly, continuous glucose monitoring, glycated albumin, fructosamine and 1,5 anhydroglucitol.ResultsFifteen patients [9 men; median age 72 years (interquartile range 68–74), follow‐up period (16.4 ± 3.7 weeks)] received parenteral iron; 15 patients [11 men; 70 years (interquartile range 62–75), (17.3 ± 3.3 weeks)] received erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent. HbA1c fell following treatment with both iron [57 mmol/mol (7.4%) to 53 mmol/mol (7.0%), P < 0.001] and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent [56 mmol/mol (7.3%) to 49 mmol/mol (6.6%), P = 0.01] despite mean blood glucose remaining unchanged (iron: 9.55 to 9.71 mmol/l, P = 0.07; erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent: 8.72 to 8.78 mmol/l, P = 0.89). Unlike HbA1c, the glycated albumin, fructosamine and 1,5 anhydroglucitol levels did not change following iron [glycated albumin (16.8 to 16.3%, P = 0.10); fructosamine (259.5 to 256 μmol/l, P = 0.89); 1,5 anhydroglucitol (54.2 to 50.9 μmol/l, P = 0.89)] or erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent [glycated albumin (17.9 to 17.5%, P = 0.29), fructosamine (324.3 to 306.0 μmol/l, P = 0.52), 1,5 anhydroglucitol (58.2 to 46.7 μmol/l, P = 0.35)]. Despite this, HbA1c was consistently the marker most closely related to mean blood glucose before and after each treatment (R range 0.7–0.88).ConclusionsThese data indicate that HbA1c was statistically most closely related to mean blood glucose, but clinical trends in glycaemia in patients undergoing iron or erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent therapy are likely best assessed by including one of these additional glycaemic markers.
Model of care for the management of complex Type 2 diabetes managed in the community by primary care physicians with specialist support: an open controlled trial
Authors: Russell A. W. , Baxter K. A. , Askew D. A. , Tsai J. , Ware R. S. , Jackson C. L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate patient outcomes for a novel integrated primary/specialist model of community care for complex Type 2 diabetes mellitus management compared with outcomes for usual care at a tertiary hospital for diabetes outpatients.MethodsThis was a prospective open controlled trial performed in a primary and tertiary care setting in Australia. A total of 330 patients with Type 2 diabetes aged >18 years were allocated to an intervention (n=185) or usual care group (n=145). The intervention arm was a community‐based model of care led by a general practitioner with advanced skills and an endocrinologist partnership. Usual care was provided via the hospital diabetes outpatient department. The primary end point was HbA1c concentration at 12 months. Secondary end points included serum lipids and blood pressure.ResultsThe mean change in HbA1c concentration in the intervention group was −9 mmol/mol (−0.8%) at 12 months and in the usual care group it was −2 mmol/mol (−0.2%) (95% CI −5,1). The percentage of patients in the intervention group achieving the HbA1c target of ≤53 mmol/mol (7%) increased from 21 to 42% (P<0.001); for the usual care group there was a 1% increase to 39% of patients attaining this target (P=0.99). Patients in the intervention group experienced significant improvements in blood pressure and total cholesterol compared with those in the usual care group. The percentage of patients achieving clinical targets was greater in the intervention group for the combined target of HbA1c concentration, blood pressure and LDL cholesterol.ConclusionsA community‐based, integrated model of complex diabetes care, delivered by general practitioners with advanced skills, produced clinical and process benefits compared with a tertiary diabetes outpatient clinic.
Diminishing differences in treatment between patients with colorectal cancer with and without diabetes: a population‐based study
Authors: Zanders M. M. J. , van Steenbergen L. N. , Haak H. R. , Rutten H. J. T. , Pruijt J. F. M. , Poortmans P. M. P. , Lemmens V. E. P. P. , van de Poll‐Franse L. V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsAn increasing number of oncologists will be confronted with individuals having diabetes and cancer. We assessed changes in patient‐, tumour‐ and treatment‐related variables in patients with colorectal cancer with and without diabetes.MethodsAll 17 170 cases of primary colorectal cancer between 1995 and 2010 in the South‐Eastern Netherlands were included. The Cochrane–Armitage test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse trends.ResultsIn total, 11 893 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer and 5277 with rectal cancer, of whom 1711 (14%) and 609 (12%), respectively, had diabetes at the time of cancer diagnosis. Patients with colorectal cancer with diabetes compared with those without were approximately 5 years older and more often diagnosed with proximal colon tumours (60 vs. 54%; P < 0.0001). Chemotherapy administration significantly increased in patients with stage III colon cancer with and without diabetes (from 17% in 1995–1998 to 50% in 2007–2010, 38% to 63%, respectively; P < 0.0001). However, in the most recent period, and after adjusting for the co‐variables age, gender, year of diagnosis and specific co‐morbidities, patients with stage III colon cancer with diabetes received adjuvant chemotherapy less frequently than those without [odds ratio 0.7 (95% CI 0.5–0.9); P = 0.002]. The proportion of patients with stage II/III rectal cancer with and without diabetes who underwent radiotherapy has been similar in recent years (91 vs. 87%).ConclusionsAlthough the administration of chemotherapy and radiotherapy increased between 1995 and 2010 in patients with colorectal cancer with and without diabetes, patients with colorectal cancer with diabetes continue to receive chemotherapy less frequently than those without diabetes.
Diurnal temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia in hospitalized people with diabetes may reveal potentially correctable factors
Authors: Kerry C. , Mitchell S. , Sharma S. , Scott A. , Rayman G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo determine whether diurnal temporal variations in hypoglycaemic frequency occur in hospitalized patients.MethodsHypoglycaemic events were identified in a snapshot bedside audit of capillary blood glucose results from diabetes charts of all inpatients receiving insulin or a sulphonylurea (with or without insulin) on 2 days separated by 6 weeks. Additionally, capillary blood glucose measurements were remotely captured over 2 months, in the same category of patients, and analysed for temporal patterns. Hypoglycaemia was defined as ‘severe’ when the capillary blood glucose was < 3.0 mmol/l and ‘mild’ when the capillary blood glucose was between 3.0 and 3.9 mmol/l.ResultsThe bedside audit found that 74% of those audited experienced a hypoglycaemia event. Eighty‐three per cent of all hypoglycaemic events and 70% of severe events were recorded between 21.00 and 09.00 h. This was confirmed in the longer duration remote monitoring study where 70% of all hypoglycaemic events and 66% of severe events occurred between 21.00 and 09.00 h.ConclusionHypoglycaemia occurs more frequently between 21.00 and 09.00 h in hospitalized patients receiving treatments that can cause hypoglycaemia. This may be related to insufficient carbohydrate intake during this period, and is potentially preventable by changes in catering practice.
Association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Y. H. , Huang M. C. , Chang H. Y. , Shin S. J. , Wahlqvist M. L. , Chang Y. L. , Hsu K. C. , Hsu C. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsSerum ferritin has been found closely related with diabetes and glucose metabolism, but its impact on diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes.MethodsEight hundred and fifty‐one subjects with Type 2 diabetes were selected from a cohort participating in a glycaemic control study in Taiwan in 2008. We used urine albumin:creatinine ratio to define microalbuminuria; serum ferritin was divided into quartiles for analysis. Logistic regression and trend tests were used to delineate the association between serum ferritin and microalbuminuria.ResultsSubjects with diabetes with higher ferritin tended to have more metabolic disorders, higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and higher prevalence of microalbuminuria. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects with diabetes in the highest ferritin quartile were 55% (P = 0.029) more likely to have microalbuminuria. After controlling for demographics, metabolic profiles and other inflammatory markers, the association between serum ferritin levels and microalbuminuria remained significant (P for trend < 0.001). This independent relationship was not changed either for those who had better glycaemic control or those who had not used an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.ConclusionsThe current study shows hyperferritinemia may be an independent risk factor of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
A prospective observational post‐marketing study of natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis patients: clinical, radiological and biological features and adverse events. The BIONAT cohort
Authors: Outteryck O. , Ongagna J.C. , Brochet B. , Rumbach L. , Lebrun‐Frenay C. , Debouverie M. , Zéphir H. , Ouallet J.C. , Berger E. , Cohen M. , Pittion S. , Laplaud D. , Wiertlewski S. , Cabre P. , Pelletier J. , Rico A. , Defer G. , Derache N. , Camu W. , Thouvenot E. , Moreau T. , Fromont A. , Tourbah A. , Labauge P. , Castelnovo G. , Clavelou P. , Casez O. , Hautecoeur P. , Papeix C. , Lubetzki C. , Fontaine B. , Couturier N. , Bohossian N. , Clanet M. , Vermersch P. , de Sèze J. , Brassat D. ,   BIONAT network, and CFSEP
Published: June 2013

Background and purposeBIONAT is a French multicentric phase IV study of natalizumab (NTZ)‐treated relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The purpose of this study was to collect clinical, radiological and biological data on 1204 patients starting NTZ, and to evaluate the clinical/radiological response to NTZ after 2 years of treatment.MethodsPatients starting NTZ at 18 French MS centres since June 2007 were included. Good response to NTZ was defined by the absence of clinical and radiological activity. Data analysed in this first report on the BIONAT study focus on patients who started NTZ at least 2 years ago (n = 793; BIONAT2Y).ResultsNTZ was discontinued in 17.78% of BIONAT2Y. The proportion of patients without combined disease activity was 45.59% during the first two successive years of treatment. Systematic dosage of anti‐NTZantibodies (Abs) detected only two supplementary patients with anti‐NTZ Abs compared with strict application of recommendations. A significant decrease of IgG,M concentrations at 2 years of treatment was found.ConclusionsThe efficacy of NTZ therapy on relapsing−remitting MS in a real life setting is confirmed in the BIONAT cohort. The next step will be the identification of biomarkers predicting response to NTZ therapy and adverse events.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Horstmann S. , Rizos T. , Jenetzky E. , Gumbinger C. , Hacke W. , Veltkamp R. 
Published: June 2013

Background and purposeOral anticoagulation (OAC) is an effective preventive therapy for ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). The management of anticoagulation in AF patients with previous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AF after acute ICH in a consecutive monocenter cohort, and to document the subsequent management with respect to OAC.MethodsConsecutive patients with spontaneous ICH were prospectively included within 19 months. Diagnosis of AF was based on medical history, 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24‐h and continuous ECG monitoring. CHADS2 scores and patient medication were recorded at admission and after 3 months. Additionally, after 3 months mortality, the management of anticoagulation and a newly detected AF were assessed.ResultsIn total, 206 ICH patients were eligible for data analysis. After 3 months, AF had been diagnosed in 64/206 ICH patients (31.1%). Mortality after 3 months was higher in patients with AF in univariate analysis (45.3% vs. 31.0%). After adjusting for comorbidities and OAC use, AF did not remain an independent predictor for mortality. In total, 35 patients with AF survived 3 months. Of these, CHADS2 score was 2 (2/3, median, interquartile range (IQR)) and 27/35 patients had an indication for OAC with respect to the CHADS2 score, but only 25.7% had been (re‐)started on OAC. No consistent factors for deciding whether to initiate OAC treatment could be identified.ConclusionsAtrial fibrillation is a frequent comorbidity in patients suffering an ICH. Our findings underline the prevailing uncertainty regarding the anticoagulation management of AF after ICH.
An SCN2A mutation in a family with infantile seizures from Madagascar reveals an increased subthreshold Na+ current
Authors: Lauxmann Stephan , Boutry‐Kryza Nadia , Rivier Clotilde , Mueller Stephan , Hedrich Ulrike B. S. , Maljevic Snezana , Szepetowski Pierre , Lerche Holger , Lesca Gaetan 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMissense mutations in SCN2A, encoding the brain sodium channel NaV1.2, have been described in benign familial neonatal‐infantile seizures (BFNIS), a self‐limiting disorder, whereas several SCN2A de novo nonsense mutations have been found in patients with more severe phenotypes including epileptic encephalopathy. We report a family with BFNIS originating from Madagascar. Onset extended from 3 to 9 months of age. Interictal EEGs were normal. In two patients, ictal electroencephalography (EEG) studies showed partial seizure patterns with secondary generalization in one. Seizures remitted before 18 months of age, with or without medication. Intellectual development was normal. A novel missense mutation of SCN2A, c.4766A>G/p.Tyr1589Cys, was found in a highly conserved region of NaV1.2 (D4/S2‐S3). Functional studies using heterologous expression in tsA201 cells and whole‐cell patch clamping revealed a depolarizing shift of steady‐state inactivation, increased persistent Na+ current, a slowing of fast inactivation and an acceleration of its recovery, thus a gain‐of‐function. Using an action potential waveform in a voltage‐clamp experiment we indicated an increased inward Na+ current at subthreshold voltages, which can explain a neuronal hyperexcitability. Our results suggest that this mutation induces neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting in infantile epilepsy with favorable outcome.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate and oxcarbazepine at steady state in healthy volunteers
Authors: Elger Christian , Bialer Meir , Falcão Amílcar , Vaz‐da‐Silva Manuel , Nunes Teresa , Almeida Luís , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposeInvestigate the pharmacokinetics of once‐daily (QD; 900 mg) and twice‐daily (BID; 450 mg) regimens of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) and BID (450 mg) regimen of oxcarbazepine (OXC) at steady state in healthy volunteers.MethodsSingle‐center, open‐label, randomized, three‐way (n = 12) crossover studies in healthy volunteers.Key FindingsMean eslicarbazepine Cmax,ss (in μm) following ESL QD (87.3) was 33.3% higher (p < 0.05) compared to ESL BID (65.5) and 82.1% higher (p < 0.05) compared to OXC BID (48.0). The mean area under the curve (AUC)ss,0–τ (in μmol h/L) following the last dose of an 8‐day repeated dosing was 1156.3, 1117.6, and 968.4 for ESL QD, ESL BID, and OXC BID, respectively. The ratio eslicarbazepine plasma exposure (μmol h/L) to ESL daily‐dose (μmol) was 0.381 (1156.3:3037.3), 0.368 (1117.6:3037.3), and 0.271 (968.4:3567.6) for ESL‐QD, ESL‐BID, and OXC‐BID, respectively, which translates into a 40.6% increase in the ability of ESL‐QD compared to OXC‐BID to deliver into the plasma their major active entity eslicarbazepine. The extent of plasma exposure to ESL minor metabolites: (R)‐licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine after ESL‐QD was 71.5% and 61.1% lower, respectively, than after OXC‐BID. Twenty, 24 and 38 treatment emergent adverse events were reported with ESL‐QD, ESL‐BID, and OXC‐BID, respectively.SignificanceESL‐QD resulted in 33.3% higher peak plasma concentration (Cmax,ss) of eslicarbazepine and similar extent of plasma exposure (AUCss,0–τ) when compared to ESL‐BID, which may contribute to the efficacy profile reported with once‐daily ESL. In comparison to OXC‐BID, administration of ESL‐QD resulted in 40.6% increase in the delivery of eslicarbazepine into the plasma as well as a significantly lower systemic exposure to (R)‐licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine.
Intravenous ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Gaspard Nicolas , Foreman Brandon , Judd Lilith M. , Brenton James N. , Nathan Barnett R. , McCoy Blathnaid M. , Al‐Otaibi Ali , Kilbride Ronan , Fernández Ivan Sánchez , Mendoza Lucy , Samuel Sophie , Zakaria Asma , Kalamangalam Giridhar P. , Legros Benjamin , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Hahn Cecil D. , Goodkin Howard P. , Claassen Jan , Hirsch Lawrence J. , LaRoche Suzette M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPurposeTo examine patterns of use, efficacy, and safety of intravenous ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE).MethodsMulticenter retrospective review of medical records and electroencephalography (EEG) reports in 10 academic medical centers in North America and Europe, including 58 subjects, representing 60 episodes of RSE that were identified between 1999 and 2012. Seven episodes occurred after anoxic brain injury.Key FindingsPermanent control of RSE was achieved in 57% (34 of 60) of episodes. Ketamine was felt to have contributed to permanent control (“possible” or “likely” responses) in 32% (19 of 60) including seven (12%) in which ketamine was the last drug added (likely responses). Four of the seven likely responses, but none of the 12 possible ones, occurred in patients with postanoxic brain injury. No likely responses were observed when infusion rates were lower than 0.9 mg/kg/h, when ketamine was introduced at least 8 days after SE onset, or after failure of seven or more drugs. Ketamine was discontinued due to possible adverse events in five patients. Complications were mostly attributed to concurrent drugs, especially other anesthetics. Mortality rate was 43% (26 of 60), but was lower when SE was controlled within 24 h of ketamine initiation (16% vs. 56%, p = 0.0047).SignificanceKetamine appears to be a relatively effective and safe drug for the treatment of RSE. This retrospective series provides preliminary data on effective dose and appropriate time of intervention to aid in the design of a prospective trial to further define the role of ketamine in the treatment of RSE.
Is the Soft Song of the Brownish‐Flanked Bush Warbler an Aggressive Signal?
Authors: Xia Canwei , Liu Jiayu , Alström Per , Wu Qiao , Zhang Yanyun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSoft songs have been detected in many songbirds, but in most species, research on soft songs has lagged behind studies of broadcast songs. In this study, we describe the acoustic features of a soft song in the brownish‐flanked bush warbler Cettia fortipes. Compared with the broadcast song, the warbler's soft song was characterized by a lower minimum frequency and longer duration, and it had a higher proportion of rapid frequency modulation notes. Using playback experiments, some in combination with mounted specimens, we found different responses to soft and broadcast songs, and we found that soft song can predict aggressive escalation (attack). We conclude that the soft song is an aggressive signal in this species.