bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large floods, alluvial overprint, and bedrock erosion
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Badoux Alexandre , Leuzinger James , Hegglin Ramon 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTDepending on their behaviour during extreme floods, streams can be divided into two distinct classes, which derive from a simple threshold model of transport dynamics. ‘Flood‐cleaning’ streams erode during high flows and deposit during small and medium flows. ‘Flood‐depositing’ streams deposit during high flows and erode during small and medium flows. Using published descriptions of the geomorphic effects of large floods, rivers with a wide range of drainage areas and other characteristics are classified as either ‘flood‐cleaning’ or ‘flood‐depositing’. In bedrock channels, this behaviour can lead to a feedback effect, the ‘overprint effect’, between sediment transport processes and bedrock erosion, which can modulate long‐term bedrock erosion rates. The ‘overprint effect’ arises when alluvium covers the bedrock and typical alluvial channel forms (e.g. meandering or braiding patterns, armour layers or bedforms) develop, which influence sediment transport rates. This effect may accelerate or decelerate sediment export from a reach, causing increased or decreased long‐term bedrock erosion rates. The ‘overprint effect’ is illustrated using field data from the Erlenbach, Switzerland, and its implications for channel dynamics and bedrock erosion are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution and properties of soft weathered bedrock at ≤ 1 m depth in the contiguous United States
Authors: Wald Jonathan A. , Graham Robert C. , Schoeneberger Phillip J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe weathered bedrock zone is increasingly recognized as an important part of ecological and hydrologic systems, but its distribution is poorly known in the contiguous United States. We used spatial and laboratory characterization data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)‐Natural Resources Conservation Service to assess the distribution and soil‐like properties of soft weathered bedrock (saprock and saprolite) within the 48 contiguous United States. Because USDA soil inventories generally do not extend below 2 m, and because the upper 1 m is clearly involved in ecosystem function and vadose zone hydrology, we restricted our inquiry to soft weathered bedrock within 1 m of the land surface. Soft weathered bedrock within 1 m of the land surface is widespread throughout the contiguous United States, underlying at least 6% of the land area. In‐depth analysis of three states showed that soft weathered bedrock at the ≤ 1‐m depth underlies 22% of the total land area in California, 33% in Wyoming, and 18% in North Carolina. Soft weathered bedrock hosts pedogenic activity, as indicated by morphological features such as roots, clay films, and iron (Fe)‐/manganese (Mn)‐oxide concretions recorded in pedon descriptions in the database. The physical and chemical properties of soft weathered bedrock are often similar to those of the overlying soil, suggesting that in many respects soft weathered bedrock behaves like soil. It supplies water and nutrients to plants whose roots penetrate into it and it modulates throughflow runoff to streams. For a more complete understanding of soft weathered bedrock, systematic data are needed on its thickness across landscapes and a consistent terminology for its various forms needs to be adopted and widely used. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diversity and conservation of Philodendron Schott (Araceae) in Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Sakuragui Cassia Mônica , Luana Silva Braucks Calazans  , Barroso de Morais Érica , Nadruz Coelho Marcus Alberto , Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini Marco 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe study presents a new and expanded treatment of the taxonomy, diversity and conservation status of all species of the genus Philodendron Schott (Araceae) so far discovered in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. It contributes to taxonomic and biological knowledge of the humid flora of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a globally recognized hotspot of biodiversity. The taxonomic treatment is based on 60 field collecting expeditions carried out since 2006, mainly in Southeastern Brazil, and the study of over 2200 herbarium specimens. Twenty eight species are recognized and their morphological descriptions, nomenclature and typification of relevant names are given. Lectotypes are designated for fourteen names, neotypes are designated for two names and epitypes for twelve names. Illustrations of all species are provided, together with a key and information on habitat and phenology for each species. The evaluations of the conservation status of the species were based on field observations, specialist literature, information from herbarium specimens and lists of endangered species. Evaluations of 16 of the 28 species found in Rio de Janeiro State are presented for the first time here and revised evaluations are presented for another six (P. altomacaense, P. cordatum, P. inops, P. hastatum, P. hatschbachii, P. roseopetiolatum) (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐dimensional shock‐capturing for high‐order discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Casoni E. , Peraire J. , Huerta A. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYDiscontinuous Galerkin methods have emerged in recent years as an alternative for nonlinear conservation equations. In particular, their inherent structure (a numerical flux based on a suitable approximate Riemann solver introduces some stabilization) suggests that they are specially adapted to capture shocks. However, numerical fluxes are not sufficient to stabilize the solution in the presence of shocks. Thus, slope limiter methods, which are extensions of finite volume methods, have been proposed. These techniques require, in practice, mesh adaption to localize the shock structure. This is is more obvious for large elements typical of high‐order approximations. Here, a new approach based on the introduction of artificial diffusion into the original equations is presented. The order is not systematically decreased to one in the presence of the shock, large high‐order elements can be used, and several linear and nonlinear tests demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and suboptimal pharmacologic prophylaxis and delayed mobilization but not morbid obesity are associated with venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty: A case‐control study
Authors: Sadeghi Banafsheh , Romano Patrick S. , Maynard Gregory , Strater Amy L. , Hensley Laurie , Cerese Julie , White Richard H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The FDA‐approved dose of low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) may not provide adequate thromboprophylaxis in morbidly obese patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Suboptimal dosing, delayed initiation, and overreliance on mechanical methods may also limit the effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis.OBJECTIVE:We explored the associations between the type of thromboprophylaxis, obesity, time of mobilization, and undergoing bilateral TKA on development of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after TKA.DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS:This was a case‐control study of patients undergoing TKA in 15 teaching hospitals between October 2008 and March 2010. Cases were screened using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Indicator 12 and had objectively documented acute VTE within 9 days of surgery; controls were randomly selected from the same hospital. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for postoperative VTE, adjusted for age and gender.RESULTS:Among 130 cases with and 463 controls without acute VTE, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 17 to 61 (median = 34). Thromboprophylaxis was LMWH in 284 (48%), warfarin in 189 (32%), both in 55 (10%), and mechanical prophylaxis alone in 120 (20%). Overall, 77% ambulated on day 1 or 2 after surgery. Factors significantly associated with VTE were bilateral simultaneous TKA (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–9.1), receipt of FDA‐approved pharmacological prophylaxis (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.8), and ambulation by postoperative day 2 (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.9). Obesity was neither a significant confounder nor a modifier of these effects.CONCLUSIONS:Severe obesity was not a significant independent predictor for VTE and did not modify the beneficial effect of FDA‐approved pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. Bilateral TKA and failure to ambulate by the second day after surgery were significant risk factors. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Resource‐Light Approaches to Computational Morphology Part 1: Monolingual Approaches
Authors: Hana Jirka , Feldman Anna 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article surveys resource‐light monolingual approaches to morphological analysis and tagging. While supervised analyzers and taggers are very accurate, they are extremely expensive to create. Therefore, most of the world languages and dialects have no realistic prospect for morphological tools created in this way. The weakly‐supervised approaches aim to minimize time, expertise and/or financial cost needed for their development. We discuss the algorithms and their performance considering issues such as accuracy, portability, development time and granularity of the output.
Glycopolymers and Glyco‐nanoparticles in Biomolecular Recognition Processes and Vaccine Development
Authors: Sunasee Rajesh , Narain Ravin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWith advances in polymerization techniques as well as selective chemical modification of carbohydrates, glycopolymers and glyco‐nanoparticles are emerging as an important class of materials with tailored properties or novel nanotechnology‐based platforms for a number of applications. The field of the so‐called glyco‐nanotechnology is starting to show some promises for future clinical applications. Glyco‐nanoparticles, due to their versatile nature, could offer a platform for the design of carbohydrate‐based vaccines and possibly allow the development of new single‐dose vaccines in disease areas of unmet need. This paper surveys the emerging roles of carbohydrate‐based polymeric and nanomaterials for biomolecular recognition processes and vaccine development. magnified image
Functionalized Polystyrene Nanoparticles Trigger Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Resulting in Enhanced CD4+ T Cell Activation
Authors: Frick Stefanie U. , Bacher Nicole , Baier Grit , Mailänder Volker , Landfester Katharina , Steinbrink Kerstin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNanoparticles (NP) represent a promising tool for biomedical applications. Here, sulfonate‐ and phosphonate‐functionalized polystyrene NP are analyzed for their interaction with human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DC). Immature dendritic cells (iDC) display a higher time‐ and dose‐dependent uptake of functionalized polystyrene NP compared to mature dendritic cells (mDC). Notably, NP induce an enhanced maturation of iDC but not of mDC (upregulation of stimulatory molecules and cytokines). NP‐triggered maturation results in a significantly enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity (increased CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production), indicating a shift to a pronounced Th1 response. Immunomodulatory properties of NP may be a useful strategy for strengthening the efficacy of NP‐based approaches in immunotherapy. magnified image
MiTexCube: MicroTextCluster Cube for online analysis of text cells and its applications
Authors: Zhang Duo , Zhai ChengXiang , Han Jiawei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA fundamental problem of multidimensional text database analysis is efficient and effective support of various kinds of online applications, such as summarizing the content of a text cell or comparing the contents across multiple text cells. In this paper, we propose a new infrastructure called MicroTextCluster Cube (or MiTexCube) to support efficient online text analysis on multidimensional text databases by introducing micro‐clusters of text documents as a compact representation of text content. Experimental results on real multidimensional text databases show that (i) MiTexCube can be materialized efficiently with reasonable overhead in space, and (ii) applications based on the proposed materialized MiTexCube are more efficient than the baseline method of direct analysis based on document units in each cell, without sacrificing much quality of analysis, and MiTexCube naturally accommodates flexible trade‐off between efficiency and quality of analysis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 243–259, 2013
Steel Thermo‐Fluid‐Dynamics at Tundish Drainage and Quality Features
Authors: Battaglia Valerio , De Santis Michele , Volponi Vincenzo , Zanforlin Maurizio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn steelmaking and casting, transient operations are very critical for product quality and process regularity. This holds especially for the tundish. Typical drawbacks can occur at ladle change, where, for example, refilling high flow rates induce flow short‐circuits risky for dispersed oxides (“inclusions”) dragging towards the strands. At drainage, vortices formation can affect steel cleanliness via slag entrapment. Such topics were investigated for an industrial tundish with computational fluid dynamics validated tools. The focus was given on a multi‐strand layout more prone to unevenness features. As a matter of fact, the different steel path to reach different strands causes often too high temperature differences and different strand cleanliness levels. Strands closer to the tundish center, are generally hotter and less clean; the others, slightly colder but cleaner. Multiphase models, together with advanced meshing techniques and validated boundary conditions, were used to describe tundish refilling and drainage. Within the operating conditions of concern, a bath height of 300 mm was found as a best compromise between the need of avoiding slag entrapment through vortices and to have maximum yield. Once applied into operating practice, no rejection for cleanliness or customer claims were achieved. As refers to temperature loss from ladle to tundish, a drop at strands of about 2 and of 4°C from tundish inlet to strand, in agreement with plant data over about 700 heats and literature experiments under the same operating conditions, were found.
Effect of Thermo‐Mechanical Process on Phase Transformation Behaviors of V–Ti–N Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Baochun Zhao , Tan Zhao , Guiyan Li , Qiang Lu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThermo‐mechanical simulation tests were performed on V–Ti–N microalloyed steel under three hot working conditions by using Gleeble‐3800 thermo‐mechanical simulator to study the effects of hot deformation and post‐deformation holding process on the continuous cooling transformation behaviors of overcooled austenite. The continuous cooling transformation diagrams (CCT diagrams) were determined by thermal dilation method and metallographic method. The effects of the hot deformation, post‐deformation holding, and cooling rate on the microstructure evolution were analyzed. The results show that deformation promotes ferrite and pearlite transformation. In addition, deformation leads to an increase in bainite start temperature, which becomes more markedly with the increase in cooling rate. The post‐deformation holding process is much favorable to promote carbonitride precipitation of the microalloying elements, which contributes to ferrite nucleation and smaller austenite grains. As a result, an increase in ferrite quantity and a decrease in ferrite grain size can be observed. And further more, the post‐deformation holding process reduces the effect of hot deformation on the bainite start temperature.
Electrical conductivity of magnetite‐bearing serpentinite during shear deformation
Authors: Kawano Seiya , Yoshino Takashi , Katayama Ikuo 
Published: October 2012

Electrical conductivity of serpentinite with various amounts of magnetite was measured during shear deformation at high pressure and temperatures (P = 1.0 GPa, T = 750 K) corresponding to mantle wedge conditions to evaluate the contribution of aligned magnetite to the bulk conductivity of serpentinite. Under hydrostatic conditions, the sample conductivity considerably increases when the magnetite volume fraction exceeds 25% in volume, suggesting the presence of the percolation threshold for magnetite interconnection. During shear deformation, the conductivity for the samples with less than 25 vol.% magnetite increased by an order of magnitude or higher with increasing shear strain up to 9, which is likely a result of the clustering or realignment of magnetite grains in the serpentinites. However, activation enthalpy was nearly constant before and after deformation experiments, suggesting that shear deformation is unlikely to enhance establishment of interconnection of magnetite. Consequently, more than 25 vol.% magnetite is needed to establish connectivity of magnetite in serpentinite. On the other hand, the conductivity of serpentinite with low volume fraction of magnetite (5%), which is typical concentration of natural serpentinites, is almost similar to that of magnetite‐free serpentinites. The present results show that the interconnection of magnetite in serpentinites by shear deformation is not expected as an origin of the high conductivity anomaly occasionally observed at the slab interface in the mantle wedge. The origin of high conductivity, therefore, indicates the presence of aqueous fluid with high salinity rather than the magnetite interconnection.
Contribution of a Winged Phlebotomy Device Design to Blood Splatter
Authors: Haiduven Donna J. , McGuire-Wolfe Christine , Applegarth Shawn P. 
Published: October 2012

Background.Despite a proliferation of phlebotomy devices with engineered sharps injury protection (ESIP), the impact of various winged device designs on blood splatter occurring during venipuncture procedures has not been explored.Objectives.To evaluate the potential for blood splatter of 6 designs of winged phlebotomy devices.Design.A laboratory-based device evaluation without human subjects, using a simulated patient venous system.Methods.We evaluated 18 winged phlebotomy devices of 6 device designs by Terumo, BD Vacutainer (2 designs), Greiner, Smith Medical, and Kendall (designated A-F, respectively). Scientific filters were positioned around the devices and weighed before and after venipuncture was performed. Visible blood on filters, exam gloves, and devices and measurable blood splatter were the primary units of analysis.Results.The percentages of devices and gloves with visible blood on them and filters with measurable blood splatter ranged from 0% to 20%. There was a statistically significant association between device design and visible blood on devices (P< .0001) and between device design and filters with measurable blood splatter (P< .0001), but not between device design and visible blood on gloves. A wide range of associations were demonstrated between device design and visible blood on gloves or devices and incidence of blood splatter.Conclusions.The results of this evaluation suggest that winged phlebotomy devices with ESIP may produce blood splatter during venipuncture. Reinforcing the importance of eye protection and developing a methodology to assess ocular exposure to blood splatter are major implications for healthcare personnel who use these devices. Future studies should focus on evaluating different designs of intravascular devices (intravenous catheters, other phlebotomy devices) for blood splatter.
Sexual quality of life in women who have undergone female genital mutilation: a case–control study
Authors: Andersson SHA , Rymer J , Joyce DW , Momoh C , Gayle CM 
Published: October 2012

Please cite this paper as: Andersson S, Rymer J, Joyce D, Momoh C, Gayle C. Sexual quality of life in women who have undergone female genital mutilation: a case–control study. BJOG 2012;119:1606–1611.Objective  To investigate the sexual quality of life of women who have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) and compare them with a similar group who has not undergone FGM.Design  Case–control study.Setting  A large central London teaching hospital.Population  A total of 73 women who had undergone FGM and 37 control women, who had not undergone FGM but were from a similar cultural background where FGM is practiced.Methods  The women completed a questionnaire containing the Sexual Quality of Life‐Female (SQOL‐F) questionnaire.Main outcome measures  SQOL‐F score.Results  Women who have undergone FGM of any type have a significantly lower (P < 0.001) overall SQOL‐F score than control women (mean = 62.44, SD = 27.93 versus mean = 88.84, SD = 13.73). Women who were sexually active and had undergone FGM type III differed the most from sexually active controls (P < 0.05) in their SQOL‐F score. Women who were sexually inactive but who had undergone FGM reported significantly lower overall SQOL‐F scores (P = 0.015) than sexually inactive controls, but were not differentiated by type of FGM.Conclusion  FGM significantly reduces women’s sexual quality of life, based on the results of the SQOL‐F questionnaire.
Transcatheter arterial embolization followed by octreotide and celecoxib synergistically prolongs survival of rabbits with hepatic VX2 allografts
Authors: Tong Huan , Li Xiao , Zhang Chun Le , Gao Jin Hang , Wen Shi Lei , Huang Zhi Yin , Wen Fu Qiang , Fu Ping , Tang Cheng Wei 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo validate the efficacy of an innovative multimodality therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) plus octreotide and celecoxib in reducing neoangiogenesis and prolonging the survival of rabbits with hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsRabbits with hepatic VX2 allografts were divided into four groups: control group, TAE group, octreotide + celecoxib (O + C) group and the multimodality therapy (TAE + O + C) group. Survival of the rabbits was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the expression of CD31 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsRabbits in the TAE + O + C group lived nearly 20 days longer than those in the control group. The survival rate of the TAE + O + C group was 50% at day 80 and was the highest among the four groups (P < 0.05). No VX2 allograft‐bearing rabbits in the control group lived longer than 60 days. Compared with the control group, the survival time of the other two intervention groups were not prolonged significantly (P > 0.05). The CD31 expression induced by TAE was reduced significantly in TAE + O + C group (P < 0.05). Less metastasis was detected in TAE + O + C group.ConclusionTAE followed by the long‐term administration of octreotide and celecoxib can synergistically prolong the survival of rabbits with hepatic VX2 allografts by inhibiting potential neoangiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis.