bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkages to Improve Mortality Data for American Indians and Alaska Natives: A New Model for Death Reporting?
Authors: Anderson Robert N. , Copeland Glenn , Hayes John Mosely 
Published: April 2014

Racial misclassification is a well-documented weakness of mortality data taken from death certificates. As a result, mortality statistics for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) present, at best, an inaccurate and misleading assessment of mortality in this population. Studies evaluating the quality of race/ethnicity reporting on death certificates have linked data from death certificates to other data sources collected when the decedent was still alive (e.g., Census, Current Population Survey). Such studies have shown substantial misclassification of AI/AN decedents. Despite limitations, linking mortality data from death certificates with data from other sources collected when decedents were living provides opportunities to evaluate and correct misclassification of populations such as AI/AN persons and facilitates the calculation and presentation of more accurate mortality statistics.
Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1999–2009
Authors: Landen Michael , Roeber Jim , Naimi Tim , Nielsen Larry , Sewell Mack 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We describe the relative burden of alcohol-attributable death among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in the United States. Methods. National Death Index records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN. We calculated age-adjusted alcohol-attributable death rates from 1999 to 2009 for AI/AN and White persons by sex, age, geographic region, and leading causes; individuals of Hispanic origin were excluded. Results. AI/AN persons had a substantially higher rate of alcohol-attributable death than Whites from 2005 to 2009 in IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties (rate ratio = 3.3). The Northern Plains had the highest rate of AI/AN deaths (123.8/100 000), and the East had the lowest (48.9/100 000). For acute causes, the largest relative risks for AI/AN persons compared with Whites were for hypothermia (14.2) and alcohol poisoning (7.6). For chronic causes, the largest relative risks were for alcoholic psychosis (5.0) and alcoholic liver disease (4.9). Conclusions. Proven strategies that reduce alcohol consumption and make the environment safer for excessive drinkers should be further implemented in AI/AN communities.
Geographic Variation in Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality, Age of Onset, and Stage at Diagnosis Among American Indian and Alaska Native People, 1990–2009
Authors: Perdue David G. , Haverkamp Donald , Perkins Carin , Daley Christine Makosky , Provost Ellen 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We characterized estimates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) compared with Whites using a linkage methodology to improve AI/AN classification in incidence and mortality data. Methods. We linked incidence and mortality data to Indian Health Service enrollment records. Our analyses were restricted to Contract Health Services Delivery Area counties. We analyzed death and incidence rates of CRC for AI/AN persons and Whites by 6 regions from 1999 to 2009. Trends were described using linear modeling. Results. The AI/AN colorectal cancer incidence was 21% higher and mortality 39% higher than in Whites. Although incidence and mortality significantly declined among Whites, AI/AN incidence did not change significantly, and mortality declined only in the Northern Plains. AI/AN persons had a higher incidence of CRC than Whites in all ages and were more often diagnosed with late stage CRC than Whites. Conclusions. Compared with Whites, AI/AN individuals in many regions had a higher burden of CRC and stable or increasing CRC mortality. An understanding of the factors driving these regional disparities could offer critical insights for prevention and control programs.
Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native Women, 1999–2009
Authors: Watson Meg , Benard Vicki , Thomas Cheryll , Brayboy Annie , Paisano Roberta , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We analyzed cervical cancer incidence and mortality data in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women compared with women of other races. Methods. We improved identification of AI/AN race, cervical cancer incidence, and mortality data using Indian Health Service (IHS) patient records; our analyses focused on residents of IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. Age-adjusted incidence and death rates were calculated for AI/AN and White women from 1999 to 2009. Results. AI/AN women in CHSDA counties had a death rate from cervical cancer of 4.2, which was nearly twice the rate in White women (2.0; rate ratio [RR] = 2.11). AI/AN women also had higher incidence rates of cervical cancer compared with White women (11.0 vs 7.1; RR = 1.55) and were more often diagnosed with later-stage disease (RR = 1.84 for regional stage and RR = 1.74 for distant stage). Death rates decreased for AI/AN women from 1990 to 1993 (−25.8%/year) and remained stable thereafter. Conclusions. Although rates decreased over time, AI/AN women had disproportionately higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality. The persistently higher rates among AI/AN women compared with White women require continued improvements in identifying and treating cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
A Systematic Review of Community Interventions to Improve Aboriginal Child Passenger Safety
Authors: Ishikawa Takuro , Oudie Eugenia , Desapriya Ediriweera , Turcotte Kate , Pike Ian 
Published: April 2014

We evaluated evidence of community interventions to improve Aboriginal child passenger safety (CPS) in terms of its scientific merit and cultural relevance. We included studies if they reported interventions to improve CPS in Aboriginal communities, compared at least pre- and postintervention conditions, and evaluated rates and severity of child passenger injuries, child restraint use, or knowledge of CPS. We also appraised quality and cultural relevance of studies. Study quality was associated with community participation and cultural relevance. Strong evidence showed that multicomponent interventions tailored to each community improves CPS. Interventions in Aboriginal communities should incorporate Aboriginal views of health, involve the community, and be multicomponent and tailored to the community’s circumstances and culture.
Breast Cancer Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native Women, 1990–2009
Authors: White Arica , Richardson Lisa C. , Li Chunyu , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Kaur Judith S. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We compared breast cancer death rates and mortality trends among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White women using data for which racial misclassification was minimized. Methods. We used breast cancer deaths and cases linked to Indian Health Service (IHS) data to calculate age-adjusted rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by IHS-designated regions from 1990 to 2009 for AI/AN and White women; Hispanics were excluded. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) were calculated for 1999 to 2009 as a proxy for prognosis after diagnosis. Results. Overall, the breast cancer death rate was lower in AI/AN women (21.6 per 100 000) than in White women (26.5). However, rates in AI/ANs were higher than rates in Whites for ages 40 to 49 years in the Alaska region, and ages 65 years and older in the Southern Plains region. White death rates significantly decreased (annual percent change [APC] = −2.1; 95% CI = −2.3, −2.0), but regional and overall AI/AN rates were unchanged (APC = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.7). AI/AN women had higher MIRs than White women. Conclusions. There has been no improvement in death rates among AI/AN women. Targeted screening and timely, high-quality treatment are needed to reduce mortality from breast cancer in AI/AN women.
Death Rates From Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Among American Indians/Alaska Natives in the United States, 1990–2009
Authors: Reilley Brigg , Bloss Emily , Byrd Kathy K. , Iralu Jonathan , Neel Lisa , Cheek James 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We used race-corrected data and comprehensive diagnostic codes to better compare HIV and tuberculosis (TB) mortality from 1999 to 2009 between American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) and Whites. Methods. National Vital Statistics Surveillance System mortality data were adjusted for AI/AN racial misclassification through linkage with Indian Health Service registration records. We compared average annual 1990 to 2009 HIV and TB death rates (per 100 000 people) for AI/AN persons with those for Whites; Hispanics were excluded. Results. Although death rates from HIV in AI/AN persons were significantly lower than those in Whites from 1990 to 1998 (4.2 vs 7.0), they were significantly higher than those in Whites from 1999 to 2009 (3.6 vs 2.0). Death rates from TB in AI/AN persons were significantly higher than those in Whites, with a significant disparity during both 1990 to 1998 (3.3 vs 0.3) and 1999 to 2009 (1.5 vs 0.1). Conclusions. The decrease in death rates from HIV and TB was greater among Whites, and death rates remained significantly higher among AI/AN individuals. Public health interventions need to be prioritized to reduce the TB and HIV burden and mortality in AI/AN populations.
Ovarian and Uterine Cancer Incidence and Mortality in American Indian and Alaska Native Women, United States, 1999–2009
Authors: Singh Simple D. , Ryerson A. Blythe , Wu Manxia , Kaur Judith S. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We examined geographic differences and trends in incidence and mortality of ovarian and uterine cancer in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. Methods. We linked mortality data (1990–2009) and incidence data (1999–2009) to Indian Health Service (IHS) records. Death (and incidence) rates for ovarian and uterine cancer were examined for AI/AN and White women; Hispanics were excluded. Analyses focused on Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) counties. Results. AI/AN and White women had similar ovarian and uterine cancer death rates. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidence and death rates were higher for AI/ANs residing in CHSDA counties than for all US counties. We also observed geographic differences, regardless of CHSDA residence, in ovarian and uterine cancer incidence and death rates in AI/AN women by IHS region; Pacific Coast and Southern Plains women had higher ovarian cancer death rates and Northern Plains women had higher uterine cancer death rates. Conclusions. Regional differences in the incidence and mortality of ovarian and uterine cancers among AI/AN women in the United States were significant. More research among correctly classified AI/AN women is needed to understand these differences.
Leading Causes of Death and All-Cause Mortality in American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Espey David K. , Jim Melissa A. , Cobb Nathaniel , Bartholomew Michael , Becker Tom , Haverkamp Don , Plescia Marcus 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We present regional patterns and trends in all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Methods. US National Death Index records were linked with Indian Health Service (IHS) registration records to identify AI/AN deaths misclassified as non-AI/AN. We analyzed temporal trends for 1990 to 2009 and comparisons between non-Hispanic AI/AN and non-Hispanic White persons by geographic region for 1999 to 2009. Results focus on IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in which less race misclassification occurs. Results. From 1990 to 2009 AI/AN persons did not experience the significant decreases in all-cause mortality seen for Whites. For 1999 to 2009 the all-cause death rate in CHSDA counties for AI/AN persons was 46% more than that for Whites. Death rates for AI/AN persons varied as much as 50% among regions. Except for heart disease and cancer, subsequent ranking of specific causes of death differed considerably between AI/AN and White persons. Conclusions. AI/AN populations continue to experience much higher death rates than Whites. Patterns of mortality are strongly influenced by the high incidence of diabetes, smoking prevalence, problem drinking, and social determinants. Much of the observed excess mortality can be addressed through known public health interventions.
Effectiveness of Circle of Life, an HIV-Preventive Intervention for American Indian Middle School Youths: A Group Randomized Trial in a Northern Plains Tribe
Authors: Kaufman Carol E. , Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh , Keane Ellen M. , Desserich Jennifer A. , Giago Cindy , Sam Angela , Mitchell Christina M. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of Circle of Life (COL), an HIV-preventive intervention developed specifically for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) middle school youths.Methods. By partnering with a tribal community, we conducted a longitudinal wait-listed group randomized trial with 635 seventh and eighth graders in 13 schools of a Northern Plains tribe. We surveyed participants at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months from 2006 to 2007.Results. COL was found to increase HIV knowledge in the short term, but had no effect on sexual activity compared with those who did not receive it. However, COL was found to be effective for delaying the onset of sexual activity, with the greatest reduction in risk occurring for those receiving COL at early ages.Conclusions. Community partnership was key to successful project design, implementation, and analysis. The project confirmed the importance of the timing of interventions in early adolescence. COL may be a key resource for reducing sexual risk among AI/AN youths.
Health Behaviors and Risk Factors Among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 2000–2010
Authors: Cobb Nathaniel , Espey David , King Jessica 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We provided contextual risk factor information for a special supplement on causes of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). We analyzed 11 years of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for AI/AN respondents in the United States. Methods. We combined BRFSS data from 2000 to 2010 to determine the prevalence of selected risk factors for AI/AN and White respondents residing in Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties. Regional prevalence estimates for AI/AN respondents were compared with the estimates for White respondents for all regions combined; respondents of Hispanic origin were excluded. Results. With some regional exceptions, AI/AN people had high prevalence estimates of tobacco use, obesity, and physical inactivity, and low prevalence estimates of fruit and vegetable consumption, cancer screening, and seatbelt use. Conclusions. These behavioral risk factors were consistent with observed patterns of mortality and chronic disease among AI/AN persons. All are amenable to public health intervention.
Treatment of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients With DiaPep277: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Raz Itamar , Ziegler Anette G. , Linn Thomas , Schernthaner Guntram , Bonnici Francois , Distiller Larry A. , Giordano Carla , Giorgino Francesco , de Vries Liat , Mauricio Didac , Procházka Vlastimil , Wainstein Julio , Elias Dana , Avron Ann , Tamir Merana , Eren Rachel , Peled Dana , Dagan Shlomo , Cohen Irun R. , Pozzilli Paolo ,   the DIA-AID 1 Writing Group
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate safety and efficacy of DiaPep277 in preserving β-cell function in type 1 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
DIA-AID 1 is a multinational, phase 3, balanced-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical study. Newly diagnosed patients (N = 457, aged 16–45 years) were randomized to subcutaneous injections of DiaPep277 or placebo quarterly for 2 years. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline in the area under the glucagon-stimulated C-peptide curve. Secondary end points were the change from baseline in mixed-meal stimulated C-peptide secretion and in fasting C-peptide and achieving target HbA1c ≤7% (≤53 mmol/mol). Partial remission (target HbA1c on insulin ≤0.5 units/kg/day) and hypoglycemic event rate were exploratory end points.

RESULTS
DiaPep277 was safe and well tolerated. Significant preservation of C-peptide secretion was observed in the DiaPep277-treated group compared with the placebo (relative treatment effects of 23.4%, P = 0.037, and 29.2%, P = 0.011, in the modified intent-to-treat [mITT] and per-protocol [PP] populations, respectively). The mixed-meal stimulation failed to distinguish between the groups. There was a trend toward efficacy in fasting C-peptide levels, though not statistically significant. Significantly more DiaPep277-treated than placebo-treated patients maintained target HbA1c (mITT 56% versus 44%, P = 0.03; PP 60% versus 45%, P = 0.0082) and entered partial remission (mITT 38% versus 29%, P = 0.08; PP 42% versus 30%, P = 0.035). DiaPep277 treatment reduced the relative hypoglycemic event risk (mITT by 20%; PP by 28%).

CONCLUSIONS
DiaPep277 safely contributes to preservation of β-cell function and to improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Exact solution of D-dimensional Schrödinger equation generated from certain central power-law potentials
Authors: Bhagawati Nabaratna 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBy applying Extended Transformation method we have generated exact solution of D-dimensional radial Schrödinger equation for a set of power-law multi-term potentials taking singular potentials $$V(r) = ar^{ - \tfrac{1} {2}} + br^{ - \tfrac{3} {2}}$$, $$V(r) = ar^{\tfrac{2} {3}} + br^{ - \tfrac{2} {3}} + cr^{ - \tfrac{4} {3}}$$, V(r) = ar + br −1 + cr 2 and V(r) = ar 2+br −2+cr −4+dr −6 as input reference. The restriction on the parameters of the given potentials and angular momentum quantum number ℓ are obtained. The multiplet structure of the generated exactly solvable potentials are also shown.
Profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural Plantation Hospital: A record review
Authors: Naveen R , Swaroop N , Agrawal Suyash , Tirkey Anup Kumar 
Published: April 2014

Background: Plantation industries in India employ over 1 million people and are among the largest private employers in India. Plantations employ both skilled and un-skilled labour’s. The risks of occupational accidents are higher among this population due to the unfavorable working conditions.Objectives: To study the profile of occupational accidents and to describe the time trend of these occupational accidents. To assess changes if any in the profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural plantation hospital over the last decade.Methodology: A descriptive hospital record review of all the patients presenting with occupational accident from January 2008 to December 2009.Results: 439 patients were registered with history of accidents; among them 196 were occupational accidents. Majority of the victims of the accident were in the age group of 21 – 40 years and were among males. Most common type and site of injuries were superficial injuries on the upper limbs. There is no significant change in the profile on occupational accidents over the last decade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6138
Noise Effects of Generator Sets at Construction Sites
Authors: Sellappan Elancheliyan 
Published: April 2014

Noise and vibration can be the cause of serious disturbance and inconvenience to anyone exposed to them and in certain circumstances noise and vibration can be a serious hazard to health, causing permanent damage to hearing system. Noise exposure levels of construction workers are difficult to determine due to the day to-day variation in occupation and shift length of each worker and the itinerant and seasonal nature of the job. Nevertheless, it is clear that the construction worker is exposed to very high sound levels for considerable lengths of time. Different types and sizes of equipment's, machineries and tools are used by construction industries. Diesel Generator for power is a very important one among the equipment used in the construction industries, used in large numbers and as clusters and also located very near to the work area. The noise level produced by these generators is much higher than the permissible limit. But the construction work group took very little effort to avoid or minimize this noise level to permissible level. Many people even though they may not need electricity for their work got in and exposed in this zone of danger. At this site eight generators have been used by various working groups. This paper assesses the potential noise impacts associated with power generators used in construction activities of the DCT project site and the effective steps to control this noise. A 12-hour noise survey was conducted to establish background noise levels in the project area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6145
Multimedia Instruction in Foreign Language Classrooms: Effects on the Acquisition of the French Perfective and Imperfective Distinction
Authors: Izquierdo Jesús 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: This study examined multimedia instruction (MI) effects on the development of the French prototypical and non-prototypical past forms among Hispanophone learners. During 4 weeks of classroom instruction, participants were exposed to MI in one of 4 conditions: learners at early stages of past-tense development received MI including prototypical (n = 12) or non-prototypical past-tense (n = 12) forms, and learners at late developmental stages were exposed to MI including non-prototypical (n = 17) or prototypical forms (n = 13). Before, immediately after, and 3 weeks after the experiment, participants completed 1 paper-and-pencil and 2 computerized tests. ANOVAs revealed past-tense growth among learners at early developmental stages only. Neither prototypical nor non-prototypical growth was documented among learners at late developmental stages. These findings highlight the need to consider MI design variations as learners’ L2 grammar evolves.
Total Rhythm in Three Dimensions: Towards a Motional Theory of Melodic Dance Rhythm in Swedish Polska Music
Authors: Kaminsky David 
Published: April 2014

In this article I present an ethnotheory of the music/dance relationship in Swedish polska, based on dance fieldwork and interviews I have conducted with polska dance musicians. I discuss three mechanisms that these musicians use to communicate movement patterns to dancers: iteration (entrainment via repetition), metaphor (timbral weight conveying motional weight), and sympathy (musicians' movements mapping dance movements). I then discuss how musicians use these mechanisms to control four motional parameters: pulsation (rate and consistency of tempo), lean (degree and direction of tilt over the dance axis) viscosity (level of perceived air resistance), and libration (degree and timing of vertical motion). The work is intended in part as a case study of how theories of both music and dance can benefit from a focused analysis of the relationship between those two domains, as well as how studies of music/dance relations can benefit from the application of ethnographic research techniques.