bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p300 Acetyltransferase Regulates Androgen Receptor Degradation and PTEN-Deficient Prostate Tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhong Jian , Ding Liya , Bohrer Laura R. , Pan Yunqian , Liu Ping , Zhang Jun , Sebo Thomas J. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Tindall Donald J. , van Deursen Jan , Huang Haojie 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Overexpression of the histone acetyltransferase p300 is implicated in the proliferation and progression of prostate cancer, but evidence of a causal role is lacking. In this study, we provide genetic evidence that this generic transcriptional coactivator functions as a positive modifier of prostate tumorigenesis. In a mouse model of PTEN deletion–induced prostate cancer, genetic ablation of p300 attenuated expression of the androgen receptor (AR). This finding was confirmed in human prostate cancer cells in which PTEN expression was abolished by RNA interference–mediated attenuation. These results were consistent with clinical evidence that the expression of p300 and AR correlates positively in human prostate cancer specimens. Mechanistically, PTEN inactivation increased AR phosphorylation at serine 81 (Ser81) to promote p300 binding and acetylation of AR, thereby precluding its polyubiquitination and degradation. In support of these findings, in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer in the mouse, we found that p300 was crucial for AR target gene expression. Taken together, our work identifies p300 as a molecular determinant of AR degradation and highlights p300 as a candidate target to manage prostate cancer, especially in cases marked by PTEN loss. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1870–80. ©2014 AACR.
PTEN Is a Potent Suppressor of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cui Min , Augert Arnaud , Rongione Michael , Conkrite Karina , Parazzoli Susan , Nikitin Alexander Yu. , Ingolia Nicholas , MacPherson David 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly metastatic tumor type with neuroendocrine features and a dismal prognosis. PTEN mutations and PIK3CA activating mutations have been reported in SCLC but the functional relevance of this pathway is unknown. The PTEN/PIK3CA pathway was interrogated using an AdenoCre-driven mouse model of SCLC harboring inactivated Rb and p53. Inactivation of one allele of PTEN in Rb/p53-deleted mice led to accelerated SCLC with frequent metastasis to the liver. In contrast with the high mutation burden reported in human SCLC, exome analyses revealed a low number of protein-altering mutations in mouse SCLC. Inactivation of both alleles of PTEN in the Rb/p53-deleted system led to nonmetastatic adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. This study reveals a critical role for the PTEN/PI3K pathway in both SCLC and lung adenocarcinoma and provides an ideal system to test the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors as targeted therapy for subsets of patients with SCLC.
Implications: The ability of PTEN inactivation to accelerate SCLC in a genetic mouse model suggests that targeting the PTEN pathway is a therapeutic option for a subset of human patients with SCLC.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/04/28/1541-7786.MCR-13-0554/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 12(5); 654–9. ©2014 AACR.
Evaluating the Utility of Circulating Biomarkers of Collagen Synthesis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ellims Andris H. , Taylor Andrew J. , Mariani Justin A. , Ling Liang-han , Iles Leah M. , Maeder Micha T. , Kaye David M. 
Published: January 2014

Background—
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), accumulation of myocardial collagen may play a central role in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmia. Previous studies have suggested that peripheral levels of byproducts of collagen synthesis are reflective of myocardial extracellular matrix metabolism, although this has not been validated in detail. Given the potential clinical utility of such biomarkers, we sought to validate the assumed relationship between peripheral markers and myocardial fibrosis in HCM.

Methods and Results—

Fifty patients with HCM and 25 healthy controls underwent peripheral venous sampling to determine plasma concentrations of key collagen precursors (procollagen I and III N-terminal propeptides [PINP, PIIINP]). Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to quantify regional (by late-gadolinium enhancement) and diffuse (by T
1
mapping) myocardial fibrosis. Nineteen subjects also underwent simultaneous arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling (to derive transcardiac concentration gradients of PINP, PIIINP, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen) and right heart catheterization. Despite cardiac magnetic resonance evidence of regional (late-gadolinium enhancement quantity, 6.4±8.0%) and diffuse (T
1
time, 478±79 ms) myocardial fibrosis in patients with HCM, peripheral levels of collagen precursors were similar compared with control subjects (PINP, 45.9±22.9 versus 53.4±25.9 μg/L;
P
=0.21; PIIINP, 4.8±1.7 versus 4.4±1.1 μg/L;
P
=0.26). No significant net positive transcardiac concentration gradient was detected for either biomarker of collagen synthesis.

Conclusions—
The cardiac contribution to peripheral levels of byproducts of collagen synthesis in patients with HCM is insignificant. Furthermore, peripheral levels of these biomarkers do not accurately reflect myocardial collagen content in these patients.
Contribution of Intimal Smooth Muscle Cells to Cholesterol Accumulation and Macrophage-Like Cells in Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: Allahverdian Sima , Chehroudi Ali Cyrus , McManus Bruce M. , Abraham Thomas , Francis Gordon A. 
Published: January 2014

Background—
Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to the foam cell population in arterial plaque, and express lower levels of the cholesterol exporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in comparison with medial arterial SMCs. The relative contribution of SMCs to the total foam cell population and their expression of ABCA1 in comparison with intimal monocyte-derived macrophages, however, are unknown. Although the expression of macrophage markers by SMCs following lipid loading has been described, the relevance of this phenotypic switch by SMCs in human coronary atherosclerosis has not been determined.

Methods and Results—
Human coronary artery sections from hearts explanted at the time of transplantation were processed to clearly delineate intracellular and extracellular lipids and allow costaining for cell-specific markers. Costaining for oil red O and the SMC-specific marker SM α-actin of foam cell–rich lesions revealed that 50±7% (average±standard error of the mean, n=14 subjects) of total foam cells were SMC derived. ABCA1 expression by intimal SMCs was significantly reduced between early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions, with no loss in ABCA1 expression by myeloid lineage cells. Costaining with the macrophage marker CD68 and SM α-actin revealed that 40±6% (n=15) of CD68-positive cells originated as SMCs in advanced human coronary atherosclerosis.

Conclusions—
These findings suggest SMCs contain a much larger burden of the excess cholesterol in human coronary atherosclerosis than previously known, in part, because of their relative inability to release excess cholesterol via ABCA1 in comparison with myeloid lineage cells. Our results also indicate that many cells identified as monocyte-derived macrophages in human atherosclerosis are in fact SMC derived.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Symptomatic Intracranial Large Artery Stenoses and Occlusions in China
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Soo Yannie O.Y. , Pu Yuehua , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong , Zou Xinying , Leung Thomas W.H. , Cai Yefeng , Bai Qingke , Wu Yiping , Wang Chunxue , Pan Xiaoping , Luo Benyan , Wong Ka Sing Lawrence ,   Additional members of the CICAS study group are as follows:, Zhang Xiaojun , Sun Xiaojiang , Yu Lan , Guo Minxia , Ma Qilin , Xiao Bo , Zhang Le , Zhang Zhong , Xu Anding , Li Juntao , Lin Jie , Xing Chengming , Xu Yuming , Zheng Rongyuan , Han Zhao , Yuan Xiaodong , Cui Wanlin , Zou Yuan , Yan Heli 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to establish the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) in China by a large, prospective, multicenter study.

Methods—
We evaluated 2864 consecutive patients who experienced an acute cerebral ischemia <7 days after symptom onset in 22 Chinese hospitals. All patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography, with measurement of diameter of the main intracranial arteries. ICAS was defined as ≥50% diameter reduction on magnetic resonance angiography.

Results—

The prevalence of ICAS was 46.6% (1335 patients, including 261 patients with coexisting extracranial carotid stenosis). Patients with ICAS had more severe stroke at admission and stayed longer in hospitals compared with those without intracranial stenosis (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 3 versus 5; median length of stay, 14 versus 16 days; both
P
<0.0001). After 12 months, recurrent stroke occurred in 3.27% of patients with no stenosis, in 3.82% for those with 50% to 69% stenosis, in 5.16% for those with 70% to 99% stenosis, and in 7.27% for those with total occlusion. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that the degree of arterial stenosis, age, family history of stroke, history of cerebral ischemia or heart disease, complete circle of Willis, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission were independent predictors for recurrent stroke at 1 year. The highest rate of recurrence was observed in patients with occlusion with the presence of ≥3 additional risk factors.

Conclusions—
ICAS is the most common vascular lesion in patients with cerebrovascular disease in China. Recurrent stroke rate in our study was lower compared with those of previous clinical trials but remains unacceptably high in a subgroup of patients with severe stenosis.
Model Simulation and Projection of European Heat Waves in Present-Day and Future Climates
Authors: Lau Ngar-Cheung , Nath Mary Jo 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The synoptic behavior of present-day heat waves (HW) over Europe is studied using the GFDL high-resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) with 50-km grid spacing. Three regions of enhanced and coherent temperature variability are identified over western Russia, eastern Europe, and western Europe. The simulated HW characteristics are compared with those derived from Climate Forecast System Reanalysis products. Composite charts for outstanding HW episodes resemble well-known recurrent circulation types. The HW region is overlain by a prominent upper-level anticyclone, which blocks the passage of synoptic-scale transients. The altered eddy vorticity transports in turn reinforce the anticyclone. The anticyclone is part of a planetary-scale wave train. The successive downstream development of this wave train is indicative of Rossby wave dispersion.
Additional runs of HiRAM are conducted for the “time slices” of 2026–35 and 2086–95 in the climate scenario corresponding to representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5). By the end of the twenty-first century, the average duration and frequency of HW in the three European sites are projected to increase by a factor of 1.4–2.0 and 2.2–4.5, respectively, from the present-day values. These changes can be reproduced by adding the mean shift between the present and future climatological temperatures to the daily fluctuations in the present-day simulation. The output from a continuous integration of a coupled general circulation model through the 1901–2100 period indicates a monotonic increase in severity, duration, and HW days during the twenty-first century.
Outcomes of a Church-based Diabetes Prevention Program Delivered by Peers
Authors: Tang Tricia S. , Nwankwo Robin , Whiten Yolanda , Oney Christina 
Published: January 2014

Purpose This purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and potential health impact of a church-based diabetes prevention program delivered by peers. Methods Thirteen at-risk African American adults were recruited to a peer-led diabetes prevention program adapted from the National Diabetes Education Program’s Power to Prevent curriculum. The program consisted of 6 core education sessions followed by 6 biweekly telephone support calls. Components of feasibility examined included recruitment, attendance, and retention. Baseline, 8-week, and 20-week assessments measured clinical outcomes (percentage body weight change, waist circumference, lipid panel, blood pressure) and lifestyle behaviors (eg, physical activity and diet). Results Of the 13 participants enrolled at baseline, 11 completed the intervention. Mean attendance across 6 core sessions was 5.2 classes (87%). At 8 weeks, significant improvements were found for physical activity ( P = .031), waist circumference ( P = .049), serum cholesterol ( P = .036), systolic blood pressure ( P = .013), and fat intake ( P = .006). At 20 weeks, not only did participants sustain the improvements made following the core intervention, but they also demonstrated additional improvements for HDL ( P = .002) and diastolic blood pressure ( P = .004). Conclusion Findings suggest that it is feasible to conduct a peer-led diabetes prevention program in a church-based setting that has a potentially positive impact on health-related outcomes.
The Role of Immediate Postoperative Systemic Corticosteroids When Utilizing a Steroid‐eluting Spacer Following Sinus Surgery
Authors: Dautremont Jon F. , Mechor Brad , Rudmik Luke 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveSteroid‐eluting spacers can improve local drug delivery immediately following endoscopic sinus surgery and reduce the recurrence of inflammation warranting systemic corticosteroids. For chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, the need for systemic corticosteroids immediately following endoscopic sinus surgery when using a steroid‐eluting spacer has not been studied.Study DesignA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.SettingAcademic rhinology practice.Subjects and MethodsChronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyposis who failed medical therapy and elected endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomized into either the treatment arm (postoperative prednisone 30 mg daily × 7 days; n = 18) or placebo arm (postoperative placebo pill daily × 7 days; n = 18). Outcomes were evaluated at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 2 months postoperatively. Primary outcome was endoscopic grading at postoperative month 2 using the Lund–Kennedy system. Secondary outcome included disease‐specific quality of life using the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) survey. Patient enrolment occurred from January 2012 through February 2013 (NCT01564355).ResultsBoth arms received significant improvement in endoscopic grading and disease‐specific quality of life from baseline compared to 2‐month follow‐up (P <. 001). There were no significant differences in mean endoscopic scores between the postoperative prednisone and control groups at 1 week (P =. 715), 3 weeks (P =. 883), or 2 months (P =. 343). There were no significant differences in SNOT‐22 scores between groups at all follow‐up points (all P >. 119).ConclusionMinimizing systemic corticosteroid use in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis may avoid adverse events. Results from this study suggest that postoperative systemic corticosteroids immediately following endoscopic sinus surgery may not provide improved outcomes when utilizing a steroid‐eluting spacer.
Epidemiology of Vocal Fold Paralyses after Total Thyroidectomy for Well‐Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in a Medicare Population
Authors: Francis David O. , Pearce Elizabeth C. , Ni Shenghua , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Penson David F. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesThe population‐level incidence of vocal fold paralysis after thyroidectomy for well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) is not known. This study aimed to measure longitudinal incidence of postoperative vocal fold paralyses and need for directed interventions in the Medicare population undergoing total thyroidectomy for WDTC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUS population.Subjects and MethodsSubjects were Medicare beneficiaries. SEER‐Medicare data (1991‐2009) were used to identify beneficiaries who underwent total thyroidectomy for WDTC. Incident vocal fold paralyses and directed interventions were identified. Multivariate analyses were used to determine factors associated with odds of developing these surgical complications.ResultsOf 5670 total thyroidectomies for WDTC, 9.5% were complicated by vocal fold paralysis (8.2% unilateral vocal fold paralysis [UVFP]; 1.3% bilateral vocal fold paralysis [BVFP]). Rate of paralyses decreased 5% annually from 1991 to 2009 (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.93‐0.97; P <. 001). Overall, 22% of patients with vocal fold paralysis required surgical intervention (UVFP 21%, BVFP 28%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the odds of postthyroidectomy paralysis increased with each additional year of age, with non‐Caucasian race, with particular histologic types, with advanced stage, and in particular registry regions.ConclusionAnnual rates of postthyroidectomy vocal fold paralyses are decreasing among Medicare beneficiaries with WDTC. High incidence in this aged population is likely due to a preponderance of temporary paralyses, which is supported by the need for directed intervention in less than a quarter of affected patients. Further population‐based studies are needed to refine the population incidence and risk factors for paralyses in the aging population.
The development of the patient privacy scale in nursing
Authors: Özturk Havva , Bahçecik Nefise , Özçelik Kumral Semanur 
Published: January 2014

Background: The developments in technology and communication channels, increasing workload, and carelessness cause problems regarding patient privacy and confidentiality in nursing services. Research objectives: The study was conducted to develop a patient privacy scale to identify whether nurses observe or violate patient privacy at workplace. Research design: This research was a methodological and descriptive study. Participants and research context: Participants were 354 nurses working at private hospitals and hospitals affiliated with the Ministry of Health in Istanbul/Turkey. Data were collected with a questionnaire about the demographic characteristics of nurses and their opinions about patient privacy and with patient privacy scale. Ethical considerations: After getting permission from the top management of hospitals, information about the study was given to nurses. Those willing to participate were informed that participation was voluntary and invited to give written consent before data collection. Findings: The content validity index of scale was 0.91, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93, Spearman–Brown and Guttman coefficients were 0.85, the upper and lower 27% test was −29.65, and item-total correlation values ranged from 0.47 to 0.71. The scale had five subscales. In addition, 49% of the nurses stated that patient privacy was always observed in their services/units. They appraised with a mean score of 4.51 ± 0.49 for the total scale, 4.39 ± 0.61 for confidentiality of personal information and private life, 4.39 ± 0.70 for sexual privacy, 4.56 ± 0.57 for the privacy of those unable to protect themselves, 4.60 ± 0.59 for physical privacy, and 4.60 ± 0.52 for ensuring a favorable environment. Discussion: The findings of this study were in contrast with the results of some international studies which determined the violation of the patient privacy. Conclusion: The patient privacy scale is a valid and reliable tool to collect data on whether nurses observe or violate patient privacy, and the nurses generally reported observing or paying attention to patient privacy in all hospitals and especially private hospitals.
Rhodococcus equi Pericarditis in a Patient Living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Gundelly Praveen , Thornton Alice , Greenberg Richard N. , McCormick Malkanthie , Myint Thein 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Rhodococcus equi, previously called Corynebacterium equi, is known to cause pneumonia in foals and swine. Although it was known to cause infection rarely in humans, R equi infection in humans has increased with the advent of HIV and increased use of immunosuppressants. Case: We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS presenting with recurrent R equi bacteremia, pericardial effusion, and pericardial cyst. The infection was treated with drainage of the pericardial effusion and cyst and 2 weeks of intravenous vancomycin and 6 months of oral azithromycin and levofloxacin. Discussion: Rhodococcus equi causes pericarditis and pericardial effusion. It can be effectively treated with debridement, drainage, and a prolonged course of antibiotics. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility should be checked as resistance to antibiotics can develop, especially if drainage is inadequate.
Health Care Practices and Associated Service Needs in a Sample of HIV-Positive Incarcerated Men in Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Carlos E. , Rivera-Negrón Rosa M. , Clatts Michael C. , Myers Janet J. 
Published: January 2014

Objective: This report describes the HIV-related health care practices and associated support service needs of a sample of HIV-positive incarcerated men in Puerto Rico. Methods: Data are derived from a random sample of HIV-positive incarcerated men (n = 37) in Puerto Rico who completed a brief survey. Analysis included descriptive statistics to examine lifetime prevalence of substance use, selected health care practices, receipt of services, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Results: Most men (97.3%) reported history of alcohol or drug use, prior incarceration, and drug use as the main risk factors for HIV infection (73.0%). In all, 83.8% of the men reported having had their first HIV screening test in a correctional facility, 55.6% reported intermittent HIV therapy, and most (83.8%) had also been diagnosed with HCV. Conclusions: Correctional facilities can be important settings for engaging high-risk populations in health care, capturing and enrolling unidentified HIV/HCV infections for clinical care, and engaging in substance abuse treatment. In order for these public health outcomes to be achieved, it is important to consider strategies to optimize care inside prison and in the community.