bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopentadiene—Phosphine/Palladium‐Catalyzed Cleavage of C—N Bonds in Secondary Amines: Synthesis of Pyrrole and Indole Derivatives from Secondary Amines and Alkenyl or Aryl Dibromides.
Authors: Geng Weizhi , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Hao Wei , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed C—N‐bond cleavage followed by subsequent C—N coupling reactions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles Featuring Two Heteroatoms at the C3 Position.
Authors: Zhou Feng , Zeng Xing‐Ping , Wang Chao , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Zhou Jian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThiooxindoles (I) and alkoxyindoles (IV) are shown to be reactive nucleophiles for further functionalization, which have potential applications in the asymmetric construction of sulfur‐ and oxygen‐containing quaternary oxindols.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixing with Microwaves: Solvent‐Free and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Diazepines.
Authors: Vaddula Buchi Reddy , Varma Rajender S. , Leazer John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA facile method is developed for the condensation of hydrazines, hydrazides, and o‐phenylenediamine with β‐diketo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoacetic Acid Is an Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Amino Acid Derived 1‐Aminobenzimidazoles.
Authors: Krasikovs Andrejs , Ozola Vita , Dax Scott L. , Suna Edgars 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe title compound is found to be the most efficient reagent to promote the cyclization—desulfurization of thioureas, derived from amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Chiral Oxazolidinone Scaffolds via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening with Sodium Cyanate.
Authors: Tsui Gavin Chit , Ninnemann Nina M. , Hosotani Akihito , Lautens Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral oxazolidinone scaffolds from readily available oxabicyclic alkenes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Construction of Oxa‐ and Aza‐Angular Triquinanes Through Tandem [4 + 1]/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Sulfur Ylides and Nitroolefins.
Authors: An Jing , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Tao , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of chiral binaphthyl sulfur ylides (I) with nitrostyrenes (II) leads to desired nitronates (III) which suffer an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition in refluxing toluene to afford triquinanes (IV) with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of 3‐Nitrophthalic Anhydride by SnCl2 in Different Alcohols: A Simple Synthesis of Alkyl 1,3‐Dihydro‐3‐oxo‐2,1‐benzisoxazole‐4‐carboxylates.
Authors: Chicha Hakima , Abbassi Najat , Rakib El Mostapha , Khouili Mostafa , El Ammari Lahcen , Spinelli Domenico 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe reduction of substrate (I) in the presence of alcohols affords the corresponding amines and the unexpected title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, One‐Pot, Green Synthesis of Tetracyclic Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles via Electrochemically Induced Tandem Heteroannulation Reactions.
Authors: Khodaei Mohammad M. , Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Kanjouri Tayyebeh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor the first time the title compounds (III) are synthesized through anodic oxidation from commercially available starting materials without any base, acid or metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Eosin Y Catalyzed Visible‐Light‐Driven Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization of Thioamides to 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles.
Authors: Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Arvind K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNotable features of the title method are a simple one‐pot operation, high efficiency, and eco‐friendly reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Phosphorylated Guanidine Derivatives from Cyanamide and Their Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Katla Venkata Ramana , Syed Rasheed , Kuruva Chandra Sekhar , Kuntrapakam Hema Kumar , Chamarthi Naga Raju 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCompounds (Va,d,f) show high antiinflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling via Base‐Promoted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution (BHAS): Synthesis of Fluorenones and Xanthones.
Authors: Wertz Sebastian , Leifert Dirk , Studer Armido 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of fluorenones and xanthones are synthesized by cross dehydrogenative coupling reaction occurring via base‐promoted homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS).
ChemInform Abstract: 6,8‐Dibromo‐4‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde as a Synthon in the Development of Novel 1,6,8‐Triaryl‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Maluleka Marole M. , Mphahlele Malose J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe readily available title synthon (III) is a valuable precursor of diversely functionalized polysubstituted and annulated quinoline derivatives by substitution and metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 4‐Azaeudistomin Y1 (V) and Analogues (VI) by Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of 3‐Aminoindoles with 1,3,5‐Triazines.
Authors: Xu Guoxing , Zheng Lianyou , Dang Qun , Bai Xu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProduct (IIIc) is successfully elaborated as precursor in a short synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of 5,8‐Dichloro‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)benzo[e][1,2,4]triazines by Reaction of 3,3,6,6‐Tetrachloro‐1,2‐cyclohexanedione with 2‐Pyridylamidrazones. Characterization of Unexpected Bishemiaminal Intermediates.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Lopez Sanchez Jose I. , Moreno Ruben , Galvez Jesus 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA simple one‐pot protocol allows the synthesis of triazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to Tetrahydro[1,2]diazepinones from α,β‐Epoxy‐N‐aziridinylimines via Anionic Rearrangement.
Authors: Wu Fufang , Dong Min , Fang Fang , Sang Yingxia , Li Yun , Cheng Bin , Zhang Lihe , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA novel one‐step synthetic approach to tetrahydro[1,2]diazepinones via base‐promoted rearrangement of α,β‐epoxy‐N‐aziridinylimines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed P—C Cross‐Coupling Reactions for Versatile Triarylphosphine Synthesis.
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Matsuura Takashi , Tanaka Ippei , Ohta Hidetoshi , Watanabe Yutaka 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of aryl(diphenyl)phosphine sulfides (III) is readily prepared by a Pd‐catalyzed P—C cross‐coupling reaction of (hydroxymethyl)diphenylphosphine sulfide (I) with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Selenocyanatomethyl)‐2‐propenol — A Convenient Synthon for Ligation via the Deselenative Allylic Rearrangement of Allyl Selenosulfides: Preparation, Functional Group Compatibility, and Application.
Authors: Lachkar David , Boudet Caroline , Guinchard Xavier , Crich David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe title alcohol (IIb), the smallest possible alcohol derived from methallyl selenocyanate, is a readily prepared functionalized allylic selenocyanate whose hydroxyl group can be derivatized by glycosylation under standard conditions without detriment to the selenium functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Root of Platycodon grandiflorum
Authors: Ma Guoxu , Guo Wenjie , Zhao Lizi , Zheng Qingxia , Sun Zhaocui , Wei Jianhe , Yang Junshan , Xu Xudong 
Published: June 2013

Abstractisolation and structure determination of platycodon A (Ia) and B (Ib), which show remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG‐2 and A549 cancer cell lines
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Approach to Regioselective O‐Benzylation of Primary Positions of Polyols.
Authors: Giordano Maddalena , Iadonisi Alfonso 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo sequential additions of Bn‐Br and DIPEA in the presence of substoichiometric Bu4NI are optimal for the efficient regioselective benzylation of a variety of carbohydrate‐derived polyols at a primary ‐OH group.
ChemInform Abstract: Large Scale Selective Synthesis of α‐Co(OH)2 and β‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets Through a Fluoride Ions Mediated Phase Transformation Process.
Authors: Cui Hongtao , Zhao Yunan , Ren Wanzhong , Wang Minmin , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe title nanosheets are selectively synthesized through an epoxide precipitation reaction from an aqueous solution containing CoCl2, propylene oxide, and NH4F (ambient atmosphere, 12 h).
Modelling of curing kinetics of amine cured epoxy resins for vacuum assisted resin infusion molding
Authors: Bhunia Sudip , Niyogi Debdarsan , Marru Pramod , Neogi Swati 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEpoxy resin, along with a suitable reinforcement such as glass, is used to manufacture windmill blades by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) process. For the simulation of VARIM process, the sub models are required to describe the rheological and thermochemical behaviour of the epoxy resin. In the present paper, the curing kinetics of amine cured epoxy resin, which is mostly used for wind blade manufacturing, are presented. The kinetic study is performed by measuring the exothermal heat generated during the curing of the amine cured epoxy resin system, using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), at different temperatures. The range of the temperature for the study is selected between the reaction onset temperature, which is about 70°C, and the peak reaction temperature, which is nearly 120°C. The reaction exotherm, as measured by DSC, is processed to obtain the reaction kinetic data such as the degree of reaction and the rate of reaction at different times and temperatures. A suitable model is proposed to describe the reaction kinetic data obtained experimentally. The unknown parameters of the models are determined by a nonlinear regression analysis on experimental data, while the kinetic rate constants are obtained based on Arrhenius Law. The proposed model is also compared with the models available in the literature. It is found that the proposed model is the simplest model, which accurately captures both the degree of cure and rate of cure qualitatively and quantitatively.
Ultraviolet index and racial differences in prostate cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Taksler Glen B. , Cutler David M. , Giovannucci Edward , Smith Matthew R. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDStudies suggest that low levels of vitamin D may be associated with prostate cancer, and darker skin reduces the body's ability to generate vitamin D from sunshine. The impact of sunshine on racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality is unknown.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database, the authors calculated age‐adjusted prostate cancer incidence rates among black and white men aged ≥45 years by race and county between 2000 and 2009 (N = 906,381 men). Similarly, county‐level prostate cancer mortality rates were calculated from the National Vital Statistics System (N = 288,874). These data were linked with the average monthly solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation index by county and data regarding health, wellness, and demographics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess whether increases in the UV index (in deciles) moderated the association between black race and the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer.RESULTSCompared with counties in the lowest UV index decile, prostate cancer incidence rates for white and black men were lower in counties with a higher UV index (all Ps ≤ 0.051). Incidence rates were higher for black men versus white men, but the difference by race was less for counties in the fourth to fifth UV index deciles versus those in the first decile (Ps ≤ 0.02). Mortality rates also were found to decrease with increasing UV index for white men (Ps ≤ 0.003), but increase for black men, and an unexplained increase in racial differences in mortality rates was observed with an increasing UV index.CONCLUSIONSRacial disparities in the incidence of prostate cancer were larger in some areas with less sunshine. Additional research should confirm the findings of the current study and assess whether optimizing vitamin D levels among black men can reduce disparities. Cancer 2013;119:3195–3203. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Introducing a novel authentication protocol for secure services in heterogeneous environments using Casper/FDR
Authors: Aiash M. , Loo J. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYNext generation network is a convergence of networks such as 2G/3G, WLAN as well as the recently implemented Long Term Evolution networks. Future mobile devices will switch between these different networks to maintain the connectivity with end servers. However, to support these heterogeneous environments, there is a need to consider a new design of the network infrastructure, where currently closed systems such as 3G will have to operate in an open environment. Security is a key issue in this open environment; after authenticating the mobile terminal to access the network, there is a requirement for service‐level mechanisms to protect the session between the mobile terminal and the remote service provider. Furthermore, because mobile terminals switch between networks of different characteristics in terms of coverage, quality of service and security, there is a need for reassessing the security of the same session over the different networks to comply with the changes at the network level due to the mobility. Therefore, this paper introduces a service‐level authentication and key agreement protocol to secure the session between the mobile terminal and the end server. The proposed protocol considers user mobilities in a heterogeneous environment and reassesses the session's security level in case of handover. The proposed protocol has been verified using formal methods approach based on the well‐established Casper/FDR compilers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
We are family—parents, siblings, and eating disorders in a prospective total‐population study of 250,000 Swedish males and females
Authors: Ahrén Jennie C. , Chiesa Flaminia , Koupil Ilona , Magnusson Cecilia , Dalman Christina , Goodman Anna 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examined how parental characteristics and other aspects of family background were associated with the development of eating disorders (ED) in males and females.MethodWe used register data and record linkage to create the prospective, total‐population study the Stockholm Youth Cohort. This cohort comprises all children and adolescents who were ever residents in Stockholm County between 2001 and 2007, plus their parents and siblings. Individuals born between 1984 and 1995 (N = 249, 884) were followed up for ED from age 12 to end of 2007. We used Cox regression modeling to investigate how ED incidence was associated with family socioeconomic position, parental age, and family composition.ResultsIn total, 3,251 cases of ED (2,971 females; 280 males) were recorded. Higher parental education independently predicted a higher rate of ED in females [e.g., adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.69 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.02) for degree‐level vs. elementary‐level maternal education], but not in males [HR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.28), p < 0.001 for gender interaction]. In females, an increasing number of full‐siblings was associated with lower rate of ED [e.g., fully adjusted HR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97) per sibling], whereas an increasing number of half‐siblings was associated with a higher rate [HR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.09) per sibling].DiscussionThe effect of parental education on ED rate varies between males and females, whereas the effect of number of siblings varies according to whether they are full or half‐siblings. A deeper understanding of these associations and their underlying mechanisms may provide etiological insights and inform the design of preventive interventions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:693–700)
The evolution of costly acquired immune memory
Authors: Best Alex , Hoyle Andy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA key feature of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is acquired immune memory, whereby hosts launch a faster and heightened response when challenged by previously encountered pathogens, preventing full infection. Here, we use a mathematical model to explore the role of ecological and epidemiological processes in shaping selection for costly acquired immune memory. Applying the framework of adaptive dynamics to the classic SIR (Susceptible‐Infected‐Recovered) epidemiological model, we focus on the conditions that may lead hosts to evolve high levels of immunity. Linking our work to previous theory, we show how investment in immune memory may be greatest at long or intermediate host lifespans depending on whether immunity is long lasting. High initial costs to gain immunity are also found to be essential for a highly effective immune memory. We also find that high disease infectivity and sterility, but intermediate virulence and immune period, increase selection for immunity. Diversity in host populations through evolutionary branching is found to be possible but only for a limited range of parameter space. Our model suggests that specific ecological and epidemiological conditions have to be met for acquired immune memory to evolve.
Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Complexes Containing Ligands with the Bipyrrolidine Backbone as Efficient Catalysts for Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Mayilmurugan Ramasamy , Traar Pedro , Schachner Jörg A. , Volpe Manuel , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAir‐stable chiral dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of the type [MoO2(L)] (L = L12–; 1, L = L22–, 2) were prepared by the reaction of [MoO2Cl2] with the bis(phenol) ligands 1,4‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐benzyl)‐(S,S)‐2,2′‐bipyrrolidine [(S,S)‐H2L1] and 1,4‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl)‐(S,S)‐2,2′‐bipyrrolidine [(S,S)‐H2L2). They were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, which revealed a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the molybdenum(VI) center with a cis‐α configuration. The Mo–Ooxo bond lengths are almost equal and vary only between 1.701 and 1.7091 Å. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to be efficient and selective catalysts for various olefin epoxidation reactions. Catalyst loadings of 0.5 mol‐%, the use of 2 equiv. of oxidant (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide), as well as unchanged catalyst performance over three consecutive catalytic runs demonstrate the excellent stability of the catalysts. Various challenging substrates including 1‐octene or limonene were converted selectively to their corresponding epoxides. However, no asymmetric induction was observed.
Comparative study of two methods (hexane extraction and NMR) for the determination of oil content in an individual olive fruit
Authors: Deblangey Adeline , Roger Jean‐Michel , Palagos Bernard , Grenier Gilbert , Bendoula Ryad 
Published: June 2013

The performance of NMR spectroscopy and hexane:isopropanol extraction (HIE) for the determination of oil content in individual olive fruit has been investigated. Both analytical methods, which are based on conventional protocols, have been adapted for samples consisting of unground pulp shreds obtained from a single olive fruit. NMR offers better precision than HIE. The latter generates more result errors during two critical steps of the protocol: weighing and lipid phase recovery. Significant differences were observed between both methods when applied on the same samples. A bias and a slope factor were highlighted and these resulted from extraction efficiency issues related to the specific structure of the sample. HIE gives results that are closer to the reference method (i.e. Soxhlet extraction) than NMR. Thus, (i) the determination of oil content in a single olive is feasible; (ii) given that NMR is faster, requires less sample handling and is less sensitive to the structure of samples, it was considered as the most suitable of the two techniques for routine measurements of oil content in individual olive fruit.Practical applications: This work is part of a research on a subject concerning olive growing. Its aim is the development of a new non‐destructive near IR (NIR) device in order to measure olive oil content directly on the tree and on individual fruits. Therefore, the results of this work suggest a reliable method to determine the oil content in a single olive to calibrate new NIR devices. The non‐destructive and rapid determination of oil content in a single olive offers several opportunities: the identification of variability within a single tree and the classification of fruits in accordance with their individual qualities.
Mass spectrometry to evaluate the effect of the ripening process on phenols of virgin olive oils
Authors: Sánchez de Medina Verónica , Riachy Milad El , Priego‐Capote Feliciano , Luque de Castro María Dolores 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA global approach has been developed to study the influence of ripening of olive fruits on the phenolic fraction present in virgin olive oil from different genotypes of olives. For this purpose, a non‐targeted method based on the analysis of phenolic extracts by MS in high resolution mode was applied. The phenolic profiles obtained by liquid chromatography ‐ quadrupole‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (LC‐QqTOF) were compared by statistical multivariate analysis tools such as principal component analysis and heat correlation maps. In overall terms, discrimination was only observed for specific crop dates and ripening index values, which should be ascribed to a strong influence of the genotype. The ripening process of each genotype was also studied to demonstrate the variation of phenolic profile in relation to the ripening index. This study was also extended to a panel of representative phenols appreciated by their health and nutritional properties. The application of omics technologies to plant breeding programs could be considered as one of the main pillars on which improvement of products quality can be supported.Practical applications: Olive oil phenols are of a great interest since they contribute to autoxidation stability, health properties, and organoleptic characteristics of virgin olive oil. These phenols are considered a key to assess virgin olive oil quality. This study is focused on the effect of the ripening process on the phenolic fraction from a metabolomics point of view. This advanced omics technology (foodomics) applied to plant breeding programs can be one of the pillars to improve products quality.
Foldamers
Authors: Tomasini Claudia , Huc Ivan , Aitken David J. , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOur Guest Editors introduce this special issue on Foldamers. “This collection of publications gives a flavour of how the foldamers research area is continuously growing and expanding and we trust that it will be informative and stimulating for the organic chemistry community.”
Failure cue priming and impaired cognitive performance—analyses of avoidance motivation as a mediator and fear of failure as a moderator
Authors: Schüler Julia , Brandstätter Veronika , Baumann Nicola 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present research investigates whether and how learned symbols for failure reduce task performance. We tested the effect of number priming in two countries with different learning histories for numbers. Priming numbers associated with failure (6 in Germany and 1 in Switzerland) were hypothesized to reduce performance. As expected, in Switzerland, priming with the failure number 1 reduced performance (Study 1), whereas in Germany, priming with the failure number 6 impaired performance in analogy tasks (Study 2). Study 2 additionally analyzed the mechanism and showed that the relationship between failure number priming and performance was mediated by evoked avoidance motivation and that dispositional fear of failure moderated this mediation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.