bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH FAKTOR AKSESIBILITAS WILAYAH DAN PROGRAM KERJA KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN TERHADAP TINGKAT KETERTARIKAN MASYARAKAT PADA PENGELOLAAN BISNIS MINYAK ATSIRI DI KPH PESAWARAN
Authors: Mahyuddin Arie , Yuwono Slamet Budi , Bakri Samsul , Febryanto Indra Gumay , Wulandari Christine , Kaskoyo Hari 
Published: July 2024

Minyak atsiri merupakan komoditas ekspor non-migas yang diperlukan di berbagai bidang industri. Namun, masih banyak masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan hutan penghasil minyak atsiri, hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Permasalahan tersebut tidak terlepas dari pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan hutan sehingga Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) mempunyai peranan dalam pembangunan kehutanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh aksesibilitas wilayah dan program kerja KPH terhadap tingkat ketertarikan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan bisnis minyak atsiri di KPH Pesawaran. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik probability sampling dengan variabel respon (dependen) tingkat ketertarikan yaitu sangat tertarik, tertarik, dan tidak tertarik. Variabel perjelas (independen) berupa aksesibilitas wilayah dan program kerja KPH yang diuji dengan model regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil wawancara diolah secara deskriptif dan hipotesis diuji menggunakan uji multikolinearitas, uji rasio likelihood, uji wald, dan uji kesesuaian model. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aspek aksesibilitas memiliki peran signifikan dalam membentuk minat masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan bisnis minyak atsiri. Semakin dekat jarak rumah dengan kebun dan desa, serta semakin baik ketersediaan pasar, maka minat masyarakat semakin tinggi. Jarak tempuh yang jauh ke kecamatan dan adanya hambatan transportasi dapat memberikan pengaruh negatif minat masyarakat. Faktor-faktor lain seperti program pemanfaatan hasil hutan, sosialisasi, bantuan alat produksi, dan penanaman memiliki pengaruh yang lebih signifikan karena sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat setempat.
PENURUNAN KADAR AIR KAYU AKASIA DAUN LEBAR (Acacia mangium Willd) YANG DIKERINGKAN DI RUANGAN DAN OVEN
Authors: Radam Rosidah , Nurasid Harun 
Published: July 2024

Pengeringan kayu adalah suatu proses kegiatan penurunan kadar air kayu sehingga mencapai kadar air tertentu dengan atau tanpa pengaturan atau penyusunan tertentu dengan atau tanpa pengaturan panas, kelembaban dan sirkulasi udara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membedakan perubahan kadar air kayu Akasia Daun Lebar (Acacia mangium Willd) baik dengan pengeringan dalam ruangan maupun oven. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kayu Akasia Daun Lebar (Acacia mangium Willd) yang berukuran 2 x 5 x 25 cm sebanyak 24 buah contoh uji masing-masing 8 buah bagian pangkal, 8 buah bagian tengah dan 8 buah pada bagian ujung pohon yang dikeringkan di ruangan dan oven. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap 3 x 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kadar air di dalam oven cenderung semakin besar seiring dengan semakin naiknya posisi batang dalam kayu begitu pula di dalam ruangan. Dilihat dari kadar air kayu yang dikeringkan di dalam oven yaitu bagian pangkal sebesar 3,61 %, bagian tengah sebesar 3,77 % dan pada bagian ujung sebesar 5,20 %, maka persentase kadar air tersebut sangat baik digunakan untuk pembuatan alat-alat musik seperti gitar, biola dan lain-lain. Sedangkan kadar air kayu yang dikeringkan di ruangan yaitu bagian pangkal sebesar 17,32 %, bagian tengah sebesar 15,37 % dan bagian ujung sebesar 16,65 %, maka rata-rata kadar air tersebut sangat baik digunakan untuk konstruksi bangunan seperti kusen jendela, rangka daun jendela dan penyekat ruangan (lumber sharing).
BIOAKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT PB DAN CU PADA RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA DI KAWASAN MANGROVE SEKITAR PELABUHAN LEMBAR KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Sari Diah Permata , Hidayati Eni , Webliana B. Kornelia 
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bioakumulasi logam berat Pb dan Cu pada Rhizophora mucronata. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 30 plot yang meliputi sampel tanaman Rhizophora mucronata dan sedimen di bawahnya untuk dianalisis akumulasi Pb dan Cu. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rata-rata kandungan logam berat Cu pada vegetasi mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata di seluruh plot yaitu 2,31 ppm, sedangkan rata-rata kandungan Pb 0,942 ppm dan masih sesuai dengan batas toleransi bagi tumbuhan mangrove jenis hizophora mucronata. Rata-rata akumulasi Cu pada sedimen yaitu 0,0869 ppm dan rata-rata akumulasi Pb pada sedimen yaitu 0,0043 ppm dan masih di bawah baku mutu. Nilai BCF logam berat Pb pada seluruh plot pengamatan memiliki nilai BCF diantara 100 – 1.000 yang berarti bahwa memiliki sifat akumulasi sedang. Nilai BCF Cu pada seluruh plot kecuali plot 7 memiliki nilai < 100 yang berarti bahwa memiliki sifat akumulasi Cu yang rendah, sedangkan pada plot 7 memiliki nilai 249,4 (BCF = 100 – 1.000) yang berarti bahwa memiliki sifat akumulasi sedang.
ANGKA BENTUK DARI BEBERAPA JENIS MERANTI DI HUTAN ALAM SEKUNDER PT BORNEO INDOBARA KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Prawati Eka , Suyanto Suyanto , Nugroho Yusanto 
Published: July 2024

Kegiatan dalam inventarisasi hutan salah satunya adalah pengukuran potensi volume tegakan. Penggunaan angka bentuk rata-rata sebesar 0,7 dianggap kurang tepat karena penggunaan satu angka bentuk tersebut merupakan rata-rata untuk semua jenis dan semua lokasi menghasilkan dugaan volume yang tidak akurat dan penggunaan satu angka bentuk untuk semua jenis dan semua lokasi menghasilkan dugaan volume yang tidak akurat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa besarnya angka bentuk pohon dari beberapa jenis meranti (meranti batu (Parashorea aptera), meranti merah (Shorea leprosula) dan meranti putih (Shorea agamii)) di hutan lahan kering sekunder PT Borneo Indobara Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara survey menggunakan plot pengamatan berukuran 40 x 40 m sebanyak 5 plot dengan sampel minimal 30 sampel dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling yang berdasarkan kriteria. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu angka bentuk pohon pada beberapa jenis meranti di areal PT Borneo Indobara sebesar 0,86. Angka bentuk 0,86 lebih besar dari pada angka bentuk rata-rata yaitu 0,7.
Genomic Analysis of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> Strains Isolated in Siberia and the Far East during the Seventh Cholera Pandemic: Determining the Appurtenance to Global Phylogenetic Lines
Authors: Mironova L. V. , Fedotova I. S. , Galach’yants Yu. P. , Ponomareva A. S. , Erdyneev S. V. , Khunkheeva Zh. Yu. , Basov E. A. , Fortunatova A. V. , Balakhonov S. V. 
Published: July 2024

The aim was to determine the phylogenetic position and features of the genome organization of individual groups of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in Siberia and the Far East under different epidemiological situations during the seventh cholera pandemic.Materials and methods. We examined 275 V. cholerae strains, isolated during epidemic complications and during the cholera-free period in Siberia and the Far East, with different profiles of the main genomic loci of pathogenicity. The genomes of 969 V. cholerae strains from GenBank were used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogeny reconstruction was carried out through calculating the distances between strains based on the occurrence of k-mers. The search, analysis and visualization of the loci structure in mobile genetic elements in V. cholerae genomes were performed using the blastn and Prokka programs and the author’s R and Python scripts.Results and discussion. Strains of V. cholerae isolated in Siberia and the Far East have been included in three global phylogenetic lines – L2, L3, L4. The distribution of strains from Siberia and the Far East along phylogenetic lines corresponds to the epidemiological situation in which they were isolated. We have identified the differentiation of strains by groups consistent with the global waves of spread of the etiological agent of the seventh cholera pandemic. We also traced potential paths for the import of the cholera pathogen into the territory of the Russian Federation. It has been revealed that spontaneous mutants that lost cholera toxin genes during storage and cultivation on nutrient media belong to the L2 phylogenetic lineage as well as toxigenic El Tor vibrios. The structural analysis confirms the differences in their genome organization and strains that do not have a CTX prophage during primary PCR screening. We recommend a two-stage algorithm of phylogenetic analysis within the framework of genomic monitoring of cholera agent: the first stage is a simplified assessment based on the occurrence of k-mers for express epidemiological analysis; the second stage is an in-depth analysis of genomes using a complex of phylogenetic methods for the reconstruction of links in individual epidemic complications, to establish patterns of origin and time of divergence of the pathogen clones.
Epidemiological Aspects of the Incidence of West Nile Fever in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023
Authors: Patyashina M. A. , Sizova E. P. , Avdonina L. G. , Badamshina G. G. , Stavropol’skaya L. V. , Aleshina A. G. , Karpova I. A. , Goncharova A. V. , Nurtdinova A. R. , Antonov A. S. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to study the epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023.Materials and methods. An operational epidemiological analysis of WNF cases registered in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023 was performed. In order to establish sources and risk factors for infection of the population, 987 samples of zoo-entomological material were examined for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) markers. A set of laboratory diagnostic methods was used: ELISA, RT-PCR, sequencing.Results and discussion. It has been established that all cases of WNF were registered in the region in the summer-autumn period of 2023, mainly in August, among residents of the city of Kazan who had not traveled outside the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan over the past six months. The incidence rate of WNF in the Republic of Tatarstan was 0.20 per 100 thousand population, the mortality rate reached 12.5 %. Signs of damage to the central nervous system were present in 6 out of 8 (75 %) patients. The majority of people with severe clinical symptoms belonged to older age groups and had concomitant diseases. Cases of the infection were reported in all age groups, with the exception of children and adolescents. The spatial characteristics of morbidity have been investigated, indicating the diffuse nature of the distribution of cases. The integrated use of methods, consisting in the concurrent use of polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, made it possible to laboratory confirm cases of WNF in patients at different stages of the disease. The circulation of a subvariant of the WNV of the second genotype in the Republic of Tatarstan, currently dominant in the southern and central regions of Russia, has been established. A set of measures has been proposed to optimize epidemiological surveillance and control of WNF in the Republic of Tatarstan.
Comparative Study of Pathomorphological Changes in Animal Lung Tissue when Modeling Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Shipovalov A. V. , Kudrov G. A. , Ivleva E. K. , Omigov V. V. , P’yankov O. V. , Taranov O. S. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to study the features of the infectious process in the lungs of animals used as models for assessing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity.Materials and methods. The strain of SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant virus was used in the work. The experiments were carried out on linear and transgenic mice, Syrian hamsters, guinea pigs, ferrets and two types of primates: rhesus macaques and green monkey. The pathomorphological examination was performed by optical microscopy of histological lung preparations using a computerized microscope with digital microphotography.Results and discussion. A comparative histological analysis of the lungs in six different types of laboratory animals was carried out when modeling a new coronavirus infection; similar morphometric signs of the severity of the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in sensitive animals were determined, and a dose-dependent correlation of pathological changes in lung tissues with intranasal administration of various infectious doses was revealed. The features of pathomorphological changes in six different animal species in the simulation of a new coronavirus infection have been characterized, and their dose-dependent nature determined. The presented research results can be used to select a model animal for the purpose of in-depth study of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 caused by newly isolated coronavirus variants, the dynamics of immune reactions of the body during the development of the disease, as well as in vivo studies of the protective effect of promising therapeutic drugs and vaccines.
Investigation of Malaria Parasitemia among Asymptomatic Individuals in Designated Districts of Central and Muchinga Provinces of Zambia – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Loti P. , Nyirenda S. S. , Chisulo F. K. , Chama A. , Singogo M. , Chileshe D. B. , Mwansa J. L. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate asymptomatic malaria in health-conscious population across four selected districts. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium spp. transmitted through bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Asymptomatic malaria refers to the presence of malaria parasites in vivo without symptoms, which usually provides a reservoir for the disease transmission.Materials and methods. Blood collected in EDTA underwent testing through RDT (SD Bioline one-step malaria antigen P.f. (HRP-II) rapid test kits), while thin and thick blood smears Giemsa stained were microscopically examined.Results and discussion. Out of 385 individuals examined, 84 people (21.8 %) tested positive for malaria using RDT and 101/385 (26.2 %) – through microscopy. Microscopic examination further identified 27 individuals (7.0 %) with gametocytes and 74 (19.2 %) – with trophozoites. Intriguingly, 17 (4.4 %) samples showed negative results in RDT but exhibited trophozoites and gametocytes upon smear examination. District-wise analysis demonstrated the highest malaria positivity rate in Kanchibiya district, with 32 cases (8.3 %) detected by RDT and 35 (8.5 %) – through microscopy. Chitambo district followed closely: with RDT and microscopy values of 25 (6.5 %) and 33 (8.4 %), respectively; while Mpika and Serenje districts had 13 (3.4 %) and 14 (3.6 %) prevalence, respectively, with RDT and microscopy at 12 (3.1 %) in both districts [x2 =16.3, p-value=0.0118]. The study also revealed that 365/385 (95 %) of the participants demonstrated knowledge and positive attitudes toward malaria. Our findings accentuate the presence of asymptomatic malaria, encompassing trophozoites and gametocytes, among seemingly healthy individuals which poses a health risk to the community. Therefore, it is imperative to implement preventive chemotherapy and strengthen vector control efforts against malaria in order to reduce the infection rate.
Cholera Toxin Production and Localization in Vesicles of Vibrio cholerae El Tor Genovariants
Authors: Alekseeva L. P. , Yakusheva O. A. , Evdokimova V. V. , Meloyan M. G. , Zyuzina V. P. 
Published: July 2024

The aim was to assess the level of toxin production in Vibrio cholerae El Tor genovariants and to determine the localization of cholera toxin in vesicles.Materials and methods. The work is performed on typical strains and genovariants of V. cholerae El Tor, which were grown in AKI liquid nutrient medium and the one prepared according to J. Hyan recipe, providing for high toxin production under aeration conditions. The decontaminated supernatants of the studied strains served as a source for extraction of toxin preparations and membrane vesicles. The localization of cholera toxin inside or on the outer surface of vesicles was determined through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), immunoblotting, GM1-ELISA, indirect uncompetitive ELISA, cell culture models CHO-K1, HuTu 80.Results and discussion. Vesicle preparations containing cholera toxin have been isolated from the supernatants of genovariants and typical V. cholerae El Tor with a high level of toxin production. After separation of the vesicles using PAGE, followed by immunoblot with a specific antitoxic serum, it has been found that cholera toxin retains the complete structure, including both subunits. Unlike CT secreted into the culture medium, vesicle-associated one does not bind to both the GM1 receptor of gangliosides sensitized on plates and on the surface of cell cultures, which indicates its absence on the outer surface of vesicles. The location of CT in the cavity of vesicles is also evidenced by their positive reaction with specific antitoxic antibodies after degradation of EDTA. The absence of the toxin on the outer surface of vesicles in typical strains and strains of V. cholerae El Tor genovariants excludes its binding with the GM1 receptor and suggests the possibility of their penetration into target cells via GM-independent pathways. The choice of the pathways by which the vesicle-associated toxin is transferred to host cells is probably determined by the location of the toxin, i.e. it is associated with the internal structures of vesicles or placement on their surface.
Features of Sporulation of the Main Genetic Lines of <I>Bacillus anthracis</I>
Authors: Eremenko E. I. , Ryazanova A. G. , Pechkovsky G. A. , Pisarenko S. V. , Kovalev D. A. , Aksenova L. Yu. , Semenova O. V. , Kulichenko A. N. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to characterize sporulation genes and proteins in Bacillus anthracis strains of major genetic lineages.Materials and methods. Genome analysis was carried out in silico using the genome of the Ames Ancestor strain as a reference one, 47 B. anthracis strains from the GenBank NCBI database, belonging to the main lineages A, B, C, the genome of the CI strain Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, 7 strains from the collection of Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor, as well as the NCBI Protein Database resource. Identification of polymorphisms was performed in BLASTn, BLASTp, MEGA X, MAUVE, and Tandem Repeat Finder software. Gene and protein sequences were aligned using MEGA X program.Results and discussion. A comparison of polymorphisms in sporulation proteins and genes of three major genetic lineages has showed that the number of all forms in B. anthracis strains of B, C lineages and Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis exceeds those in strains of lineage A by 4,5–10, 6,8–92 and 160–2078 times, respectively. A larger number of non-synonymous SNPs in sporulation genes with changes in the amino acid composition and function of proteins in B. anthracis strains of the major genetic lines B, C and B. cereus biovar anthracis than in strains of lineage A suggests their limited adaptive capabilities and may be one of the explanations for their lower prevalence as compared to line A.
Modern Challenges to the System of Sanitary Protection of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zubova A. A. , Ivanova A. V. , Safronov V. A. , Treskin A. A. , Skudareva O. N. 
Published: July 2024

The current study summarizes and analyzes new challenges to the sanitary protection of the Russian Federation related to the dynamics of the epidemiological situation in the countries of the world and trends in the structure of international passenger traffic.The aim is to improve approaches to reducing the risks of importation of dangerous infectious diseases based on development of additional criteria for dynamic assessment of epidemiological disadvantage in foreign countries and individualization of risk determination in relation to all in-coming flights.Materials and methods. The present-day epidemiological situation was analyzed using data from reports and periodicals of WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministries of Health of the countries and scientific publications. Information on the structure of passenger traffic is provided according to the portal of the Unified Interagency Information and Statistical System (pre-pandemic period – 2018, first half of the year 2023). Statistics on transport communication was obtained from the public reports of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and the Federal Air Transport Agency for 2022 and the first half of the year 2023. Information on the results of the sanitary-quarantine control (SQC) is presented according to the data logged in the automated information system “Perimeter”.Results and discussion. Taking into account the analyzed data in regard to the new threats to the system of sanitary protection of the territory of the Russian Federation, infections in the list of infectious diseases, requiring sanitary protection measures, should be differentiated into two categories based on the criteria of significance for implementation of SQC. A set of criteria, including retrospective analysis of morbidity, the presence of persistent conditions of stable circulation of the pathogen and the possibility of transmission from person to person in case of introduction into the territory of the Russian Federation, has been put forward for the most relevant medium-term assessment of the risk of importation. In addition, the increasing threats and challenges to sanitary protection dictate the need to use advanced information technologies within the framework of sanitary-quarantine control.
Determination of Optimum Refactoring Sequence for Maximizing the Maintainability of Object-Oriented Systems using Machine Learning algorithms
Authors: Tarwani Sandhya , Chug Anuradha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Refactoring is the technique of changing internal attributes without affecting the external attributes in an optimized manner. Bad smells lead to various problems in source code that further increase the requirement for refactoring. Initially, in this paper, prioritization of classes is done with the help of newly proposed metric called Quality Decline Factor (QDF), which takes into account an appropriate ratio of software metrics along with eleven types of bad smells detected. Further, bad smells are removed by applying refactoring techniques and change in metrics is observed. Afterwards, Machine learning algorithms are used to assign weights to each of the metrics and another new metric, Total Refactoring Index (TRI) is proposed. TRI takes combination of assigned weights and the effect of change in metrics to determine optimum refactoring sequence. Results show that the Decision Tree Forest algorithm is best suited to determine the refactoring sequence. After applying this technique, it was observed that 94.9% of the efforts were saved. This study would be beneficial for the software maintainers as beforehand sequences will be known. Further, their focus would only be centred on a limited portion of the code that contains more bad smells, hence completing the project within real-time constraints.