bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Selective Medium for Isolation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis from Wound Specimens
Authors: Ho Pak-Leung , Leung Sammy Man-Him , Tse Herman , Chow Kin-Hung , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Que Tak-Lun 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We compared a novel selective
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
(SSL) medium with routine media (blood and chocolate agars) for the detection of
S. lugdunensis
in 990 clinical specimens (from tissue, pus, or wound swabs). Significantly more
S. lugdunensis
isolates were detected on SSL medium (34/990) than on routine medium (7/990) (
P
= 0.001, McNemar's test).
Pediatric Multicenter Evaluation of the Verigene Gram-Negative Blood Culture Test for Rapid Detection of Inpatient Bacteremia Involving Gram-Negative Organisms, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases, and Carbapenemases
Authors: Sullivan K. V. , Deburger B. , Roundtree S. S. , Ventrola C. A. , Blecker-Shelly D. L. , Mortensen J. E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the investigational use only (IUO) version of the rapid Verigene Gram-negative blood culture test (BC-GN), a microarray that detects 9 genus/species targets (
Acinetobacter
spp.,
Citrobacter
spp.,
Enterobacter
spp.,
Escherichia coli
/
Shigella
spp.,
Klebsiella oxytoca
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Proteus
spp.,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Serratia marcescens
) and 6 antimicrobial resistance determinants (
bla
CTX-M
,
bla
KPC
,
bla
NDM
,
bla
VIM
,
bla
IMP
, and
bla
OXA
) directly from positive blood cultures. BC-GN was performed on positive BacT/Alert Pediatric FAN and Bactec Peds Plus blood cultures with Gram-negative organisms at two tertiary pediatric centers. Vitek MS (bioMérieux, Durham, NC) was used to assign gold standard organism identification. The Check MDR CT-102 microarray (Check Points B.V., Wageningen, Netherlands) was used as an alternative method for detecting resistance determinants. In total, 104 organisms were isolated from 97 clinical blood cultures. BC-GN correctly detected 26/26 cultures with
Acinetobacter
spp.,
P. aeruginosa
, and
S. marcescens
, 5/6 with
Citrobacter
spp., 13/14 with
Enterobacter
spp., 23/24 with
E. coli
, 2/3 with
K. oxytoca
, 16/17 with
K. pneumoniae
, and 0/1 with
Proteus
spp. BC-GN appropriately reported negative BC-GN results in 8/13 blood cultures that grew organisms that were not represented on the microarray but failed to detect targets in 3/5 cultures that grew multiple Gram-negative organisms. BC-GN detected 5/5 and 1/1 clinical blood cultures with
bla
CTX-M
and
bla
VIM
. All 6 results were corroborated by Check MDR CT-102 microarray testing. The Verigene BC-GN test has the potential to expedite therapeutic decision making in pediatric patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. Sensitivity was satisfactory but may be suboptimal in mixed Gram-negative blood cultures.
Residue 41 of the Eurasian Avian-Like Swine Influenza A Virus Matrix Protein Modulates Virion Filament Length and Efficiency of Contact Transmission
Authors: Campbell Patricia J. , Kyriakis Constantinos S. , Marshall Nicolle , Suppiah Suganthi , Seladi-Schulman Jill , Danzy Shamika , Lowen Anice C. , Steel John 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Position 41 of the influenza A virus matrix protein encodes a highly conserved alanine in human and avian lineages. Nonetheless, strains of the Eurasian avian-like swine (Easw) lineage contain a change at this position: position 41 of A/swine/Spain/53207/04 (H1N1) (SPN04) encodes a proline. To assess the impact of this naturally occurring polymorphism on viral fitness, we utilized reverse genetics to produce recombinant viruses encoding wild-type M1 41P (rSPN04-P) and consensus 41A (rSPN04-A) residues. Relative to rSPN04-A, rSPN04-P virus displayed reduced growth
in vitro
. In the guinea pig model, rSPN04-P was transmitted to fewer contact animals than rSPN04-A and failed to infect guinea pigs that received a low-dose inoculum. Moreover, the P41A change altered virion morphology, reducing the number and length of filamentous virions, as well as reducing the neuraminidase activity of virions. The lab-adapted human isolate, A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8), is nontransmissible in the guinea pig model, making it a useful background in which to identify certain viral factors that enhance transmissibility. We assessed transmission in the context of single-, double-, and triple-reassortant viruses between PR8 and SPN04; PR8/SPN04 M, PR8/SPN04 M+NA, and PR8/SPN04 M+NA+HA, encoding either matrix 41 A or P, were generated. In each case, the virus possessing 41P transmitted less well than the corresponding 41A-encoding virus. In summary, we have identified a naturally occurring mutation in the influenza A virus matrix protein that impacts transmission efficiency and can alter virion morphology and neuraminidase activity.

IMPORTANCE
We have developed a practical model for examining the genetics underlying transmissibility of the Eurasian avian-like swine lineage viruses, which contributed M and NA segments to the 2009 pandemic strain. Here, we use our system to investigate the impact on viral fitness of a naturally occurring polymorphism at matrix (M1) position 41 in an Easw isolate. Position 41 has been implicated previously in adaptation to laboratory substrates and to mice. Here we show that the polymorphism at M1 41 has a limited effect on growth
in vitro
but changes the morphology of the virus and impacts growth and transmission in the guinea pig model.
Protective Properties of Vaccinia Virus-Based Vaccines: Skin Scarification Promotes a Nonspecific Immune Response That Protects against Orthopoxvirus Disease
Authors: Rice Amanda D. , Adams Mathew M. , Lindsey Scott F. , Swetnam Daniele M. , Manning Brandi R. , Smith Andrew J. , Burrage Andrew M. , Wallace Greg , MacNeill Amy L. , Moyer Richard W. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
The process of vaccination introduced by Jenner generated immunity against smallpox and ultimately led to the eradication of the disease. Procedurally, in modern times, the virus is introduced into patients via a process called scarification, performed with a bifurcated needle containing a small amount of virus. What was unappreciated was the role that scarification itself plays in generating protective immunity. In rabbits, protection from lethal disease is induced by intradermal injection of vaccinia virus, whereas a protective response occurs within the first 2 min after scarification with or without virus, suggesting that the scarification process itself is a major contributor to immunoprotection.

IMPORTANCE
These results show the importance of local nonspecific immunity in controlling poxvirus infections and indicate that the process of scarification should be critically considered during the development of vaccination protocols for other infectious agents.
Tumor Suppressor Cylindromatosis (CYLD) Controls HIV Transcription in an NF-κB-Dependent Manner
Authors: Manganaro Lara , Pache Lars , Herrmann Tobias , Marlett John , Hwang Young , Murry Jeffrey , Miorin Lisa , Ting Adrian T. , König Renate , García-Sastre Adolfo , Bushman Frederic D. , Chanda Sumit K. , Young John A. T. , Fernandez-Sesma Ana , Simon Viviana 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Characterizing the cellular factors that play a role in the HIV replication cycle is fundamental to fully understanding mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenesis. Whole-genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens have identified positive and negative regulators of HIV replication, providing starting points for investigating new cellular factors. We report here that silencing of the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis protein (CYLD), increases HIV infection by enhancing HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription via the NF-κB pathway. CYLD is highly expressed in CD4
+
T lymphocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and dendritic cells. We found that CYLD silencing increases HIV replication in T cell lines. We confirmed the positive role of CYLD silencing in HIV infection in primary human CD4
+
T cells, in which CYLD protein was partially processed upon activation. Lastly, Jurkat T cells latently infected with HIV (JLat cells) were more responsive to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) reactivation in the absence of CYLD, indicating that CYLD activity could play a role in HIV reactivation from latency. In summary, we show that CYLD acts as a potent negative regulator of HIV mRNA expression by specifically inhibiting NF-κB-driven transcription. These findings suggest a function for this protein in modulating productive viral replication as well as in viral reactivation.

IMPORTANCE
HIV transcription is regulated by a number of host cell factors. Here we report that silencing of the lysine 63 deubiquitinase CYLD increases HIV transcription in an NF-κB-dependent manner. We show that CYLD is expressed in HIV target cells and that its silencing increases HIV infection in transformed T cell lines as well as primary CD4
+
T cells. Similarly, reactivation of latent provirus was facilitated in the absence of CYLD. These data suggest that CYLD, which is highly expressed in CD4
+
T cells, can control HIV transcription in productive infection as well as during reactivation from latency.
Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Affect the Errors Made in a Single Cycle of Viral Replication
Authors: Abram Michael E. , Ferris Andrea L. , Das Kalyan , Quinoñes Octavio , Shao Wei , Tuske Steven , Alvord W. Gregory , Arnold Eddy , Hughes Stephen H. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The genetic variation in HIV-1 in patients is due to the high rate of viral replication, the high viral load, and the errors made during viral replication. Some of the mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT) that alter the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP)-binding pocket, including those that confer resistance to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, affect dNTP selection during replication. The effects of mutations in RT on the spectrum (nature, position, and frequency) of errors made
in vivo
are poorly understood. We previously determined the mutation rate and the frequency of different types of mutations and identified hot spots for mutations in a
lacZ
α (the α complementing region of
lacZ
) reporter gene carried by an HIV-1 vector that replicates using wild-type RT. We show here that four mutations (Y115F, M184V, M184I, and Q151M) in the dNTP-binding pocket of RT that had relatively small effects on the overall HIV-1 mutation rate (less than 3-fold compared to the wild type) significantly increased mutations at some specific positions in the
lacZ
α reporter gene. We also show that changes in a sequence that flanks the reporter gene can affect the mutations that arise in the reporter. These data show that changes either in HIV-1 RT or in the sequence of the nucleic acid template can affect the spectrum of mutations made during viral replication. This could, by implication, affect the generation of drug-resistant mutants and immunological-escape mutants in patients.

IMPORTANCE
RT is the viral enzyme that converts the RNA genome of HIV into DNA. Errors made during replication allow the virus to escape from the host's immune system and to develop resistance to the available anti-HIV drugs. We show that four different mutations in RT which are known to be associated with resistance to anti-RT drugs modestly increased the overall frequency of errors made during viral replication. However, the increased errors were not uniformly distributed; the additional errors occurred at a small number of positions (hot spots). Moreover, some of the RT mutations preferentially affected the nature of the errors that were made (some RT mutations caused an increase in insertion and deletion errors; others caused an increase in substitution errors). We also show that sequence changes in a region adjacent to a target gene can affect the errors made within the target gene.
Bee venom acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lee Ju Ah , Son Mi Ju , Choi Jiae , Yun Kyung-Jin , Jun Ji Hee , Lee Myeong Soo 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionThis systematic review aims to analyse the trial data on the effects of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods and analysisThe following 14 databases will be searched from their inception to March 2014: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), AMED, CINAHL, six Korean medical databases (OASIS, Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Korean Studies Information Service System, KoreaMed, Korean Medical Database and DBPIA) and three Chinese databases including CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang and VIP. The methodological quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.DisseminationThe systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically and in print.Trial registration numberPROSPERO 2013: CRD42013005853
Factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia: a descriptive cross-sectional single-centre study
Authors: Ganasegeran Kurubaran , Renganathan Pukunan , Manaf Rizal Abdul , Al-Dubai Sami Abdo Radman 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety and depression among type 2 diabetes outpatients in Malaysia.DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional single-centre study with universal sampling of all patients with type 2 diabetes.SettingEndocrinology clinic of medical outpatient department in a Malaysian public hospital.ParticipantsAll 169 patients with type 2 diabetes (men, n=99; women, n=70) aged between 18 and 90 years who acquired follow-up treatment from the endocrinology clinic in the month of September 2013.Main outcome measuresThe validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), sociodemographic characteristics and clinical health information from patient records.ResultsOf the total 169 patients surveyed, anxiety and depression were found in 53 (31.4%) and 68 (40.3%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age, ethnicity and ischaemic heart disease were significantly associated with anxiety, while age, ethnicity and monthly household income were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionsSociodemographics and clinical health factors were important correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with diabetes. Integrated psychological and medical care to boost self-determination and confidence in the management of diabetes would catalyse optimal health outcomes among patients with diabetes.
Association between dietary intakes of PCBs and the risk of obesity: the SUN project
Authors: Donat-Vargas C , Gea A , Sayon-Orea C , Carlos S , Martinez-Gonzalez M A , Bes-Rastrollo M 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are persistent organic pollutants (POP) that are consumed because of their bioaccumulation through the food chain. Recent studies have suggested the implication of POPs in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, this relationship is not entirely consistent, and has not been investigated in longitudinal studies. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between dietary intake of PCBs and the incidence of obesity in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project.MethodsOur study included 12 313 participants without obesity at baseline, who were followed-up for a median of 8.1 years. Dietary intakes of PCBs, expressed as WHO toxic equivalents, were assessed at baseline through a 136-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The published concentration levels of PCBs measured in samples of food consumed in Spain were used to estimate intakes. Multivariable Cox regression models were fitted to estimate HRs and 95% CI for incident obesity.ResultsDuring follow-up, we observed 621 incident cases of obesity. After adjustment for total energy intake and additional adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the fifth quintile of PCBs intake were at higher risk of becoming obese (adjusted HR: 1.58; (95% CI 1.21 to 2.06)) compared to those in the first quintile. The linear trend test was statistically significant (p<0.001).ConclusionsDietary intake of PCBs as estimated using a food frequency questionnaire was associated with a higher incidence of obesity. Nevertheless, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.
The Singular Temperley-Lieb Category
Authors: Caprau Carmen , Smith Joel 
Published: April 2014

We introduce and study the singular Temperley-Lieb category over ℤ[q,q-1], which is a free pivotal category over two self-dual generators and is an extension of the (classical) Temperley-Lieb category. Our construction is motivated by a state model for the sl(2) polynomial of an oriented link and provides a categorical perspective to this link invariant. We also construct a couple of polynomial invariants for oriented tangles from category theory point of view.
High-Dimensional D. H. Lehmer Problem over Quarter Intervals
Authors: Zhang Tianping 
Published: April 2014

The high-dimensional D. H. Lehmer problem over quarter intervals is studied. By using the properties of character sum and the estimates of DirichletL-function, the previous result is improved to be the best possible in the case ofq = p, an odd prime withp≡1(mod 4), which is shown by studying the mean square value of the error term.
Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence Associated with Carbohydrate Intake and Tissue Expression of IGFI Receptor
Authors: Emond Jennifer A. , Pierce John P. , Natarajan Loki , Gapuz Laarni R. , Nguyen John , Parker Barbara A. , Varki Nissi M. , Patterson Ruth E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground: The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI) receptor is a potential target for breast cancer treatment and may be influenced by dietary intake.Methods: Nested, case–control study of 265 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors; primary breast cancer tissue was stained to determine IGFI receptor status. Change in carbohydrate intake from baseline to year 1 of study was estimated from 24-hour dietary recalls. Breast cancer recurrence cases (91) were matched to two controls (n = 174) on disease and study characteristics and counter matched on change in carbohydrate intake. Weighted conditional logistic regression models fit the risk of recurrence on IGFI receptor status and dietary change.Results: Half of the tumors were IGFI receptor positive. Increased risk of recurrence was associated with IGFI receptor–positive status [HR 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–2.5] and, separately, with a stable/increased intake of carbohydrates (HR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3–5.0). There was a borderline significant interaction between those two variables (P = 0.11). Specifically, carbohydrate intake had no significant impact on risk of recurrence among women who were receptor negative, yet increased the risk of recurrence by more than 5-fold among women who were receptor positive (HR 5.5; 95% CI, 1.8–16.3).Conclusions: Among women whose tumor tissue is positive for the IGFI receptor, reducing carbohydrate intake after diagnosis could reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. These findings need replication in a larger sample.Impact: This is the first study to suggest that it may be possible to personalize dietary recommendations for breast cancer survivors based on molecular characteristics of their primary tumor tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1273–9. ©2014 AACR.
Antibody-Based Delivery of IL2 and Cytotoxics Eradicates Tumors in Immunocompetent Mice
Authors: Gutbrodt Katrin L. , Casi Giulio , Neri Dario 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates are increasingly being used for cancer therapy, but little is known about their ability to promote anticancer immunity, which may lead to long-lasting remissions. We investigated the therapeutic effect of antibody-based pharmacodelivery of cemadotin, a cytotoxic drug, and IL2, a strong proinflammatory cytokine. Using the F8 antibody, which selectively localizes to the tumor neovasculature, combination treatment led to tumor eradication, in a process dependent on CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in the C1498 syngeneic mouse model of acute myelogenous leukemia. The clinical combination of antibody–drug conjugates and antibody–cytokine proteins should be facilitated by their orthogonal toxicity profiles. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(7); 1772–6. ©2014 AACR.
Cannabis Use: Signal of Increasing Risk of Serious Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Jouanjus Emilie , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Micallef Joelle ,   The French Association of the Regional Abuse and Dependence Monitoring Centres (CEIP‐A) Working Group on Cannabis Complications*
Published: April 2014

Background
Cannabis is known to be associated with neuropsychiatric problems, but less is known about complications affecting other specified body systems. We report and analyze 35 recent remarkable cardiovascular complications following cannabis use.

Methods and Results

In
F
rance, serious cases of abuse and dependence in response to the use of psychoactive substances must be reported to the national system of the
F
rench Addictovigilance Network. We identified all spontaneous reports of cardiovascular complications related to cannabis use collected by the
F
rench Addictovigilance Network from 2006 to 2010. We described the clinical characteristics of these cases and their evolution: 1.8% of all cannabis‐related reports (35/1979) were cardiovascular complications, with patients being mostly men (85.7%) and of an average age of 34.3 years. There were 22 cardiac complications (20 acute coronary syndromes), 10 peripheral complications (lower limb or juvenile arteriopathies and Buerger‐like diseases), and 3 cerebral complications (acute cerebral angiopathy, transient cortical blindness, and spasm of cerebral artery). In 9 cases, the event led to patient death.

Conclusions
Increased reporting of cardiovascular complications related to cannabis and their extreme seriousness (with a death rate of 25.6%) indicate cannabis as a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease in young adults, in line with previous findings. Given that cannabis is perceived to be harmless by the general public and that legalization of its use is debated, data concerning its danger must be widely disseminated. Practitioners should be aware that cannabis may be a potential triggering factor for cardiovascular complications in young people.
The Proportion of Malignancy in Incidental Thyroid Lesions on 18‐FDG PET Study: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Nayan Smriti , Ramakrishna Jayant , Gupta Michael K. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate through a systematic review and meta‐analysis the malignancy rates of thyroid incidentalomas identified in adults by 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, computed tomography (18‐FDG PET‐CT) imaging studies.Data SourcesThe literature search was conducted using OVID Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and reference list review (inception to April 2013) by 2 independent review authors.Review MethodsStudies with adults undergoing 18‐FDG PET scan identifying a thyroid incidentaloma with definitive histological or cytological results reported were included.ResultsThirty‐one studies with a total of 197,296 PET studies and 3659 focal thyroid incidentalomas were identified with 1341 having definitive cytopathology or histopathology. The pooled proportion of malignancy was calculated as 19.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.3%‐24.7%) with 15.4% (95% CI, 11.4%‐20.0%) of the total cases being papillary thyroid cancer. Distant metastases represented 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%‐1.8%) of the total cases.ConclusionsOur systematic review and meta‐analysis suggests that the incidence of malignancy is high in thyroid incidentalomas identified through 18‐FDG PET imaging studies. Thyroid incidentalomas identified through 18‐FDG PET require thorough investigation.