bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrowly endemic photosynthetic orchid is non‐specific in its mycorrhizal associations
Authors: Pandey Madhav , Sharma Jyotsna , Taylor Donald. Lee , Yadon Vern L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMycorrhizal association is a common characteristic in a majority of land plants, and the survival and distribution of a species can depend on the distribution of suitable fungi in its habitat.Orchidaceae is one of the most species‐rich angiosperm families, and all orchids are fully dependent on fungi for their seed germination and some also for subsequent growth and survival. Given this obligate dependence, at least in the early growth stages, elucidating the patterns of orchid–mycorrhizal relationships is critical to orchid biology, ecology and conservation. To assess whether rarity of an orchid is determined by its specificity towards its fungal hosts, we studied the spatial and temporal variability in the host fungi associated with one of the rarest NorthAmerican terrestrial orchids,Piperia yadonii. The fungal internal transcribed spacer region was amplified and sequenced by sampling roots from eight populations ofP. yadoniidistributed across two habitats,Pinus radiataforest and maritime chaparral, inCalifornia. Across populations and sampling years, 26 operational taxonomic units representing three fungal families, theCeratobasidiaceae,Sebacinaceae andTulasnellaceae, were identified. Fungi belonging to theSebacinaceae were documented in orchid roots only atP. radiataforest sites, while those from theCeratobasidiaceae andTulasnellaceae occurred in both habitats. Our results indicate that orchid rarity can be unrelated to the breadth of mycorrhizal associations. Our data also show that the dominance of various fungal families in mycorrhizal plants can be influenced by habitat preferences of mycorrhizal partners.
Strigolactone signaling in the endodermis is sufficient to restore root responses and involves SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2) activity
Authors: Koren Dikla , Resnick Nathalie , Gati Einav Mayzlish , Belausov Eduard , Weininger Smadar , Kapulnik Yoram , Koltai Hinanit 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones and regulators of root development, including lateral root (LR) formation, root hair (RH) elongation and meristem cell number, in a MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2)‐dependent way. However, whether SL signaling is acting cell‐autonomously or in a non‐cell‐autonomous way in roots is unclear.

We analyzed root phenotype, hormonal responses and gene expression in multiple lines of Arabidopsis thaliana max2‐1 mutants expressing MAX2 under various tissue‐specific promoters and shy2 mutants.

The results demonstrate for the first time that expression of MAX2 under the SCARECROW (SCR) promoter, expressed mainly in the root endodermis, is sufficient to confer SL sensitivity in the root for RH, LR and meristem cell number. Moreover, loss of function mutation of SHORT HYPOCOTYL 2 (SHY2), a key component in auxin and cytokinin regulation of meristem size, has been found to be insensitive to SLs in relation to LR formation and meristem cell number.

Endodermal SL signaling, mediated by MAX2, is sufficient to confer SL sensitivity in root, and SHY2 may participate in SL signaling to regulate meristem size and LR formation. These SL signaling pathways thus may act through modulation of auxin flux in the root tip, and may indicate a root‐specific, yet non‐cell‐autonomous regulatory mode of action.
Treatment of FGF‐2 on stem cells from inflamed dental pulp tissue from human deciduous teeth
Authors: Kim JC , Park J‐C , Kim S‐H , Im G‐I , Kim B‐S , Lee J‐B , Choi E‐Y , Song J‐S , Cho K‐S , Kim C‐S 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to isolate and characterize stem cells from inflamed pulp tissue of human functional deciduous teeth (iSHFD) and to evaluate the influence of fibroblastic growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) on the regenerative potential.Materials and methodsWe successfully isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the inflamed dental pulp tissue of human deciduous teeth and demonstrated that their regenerative potential could be enhanced by the application of FGF‐2 (20 ng ml−1) during ex vivo expansion. Isolated stem cells expanded in FGF‐2 were characterized using a colony‐forming assay, proliferation, migration, in vitro differentiation, in vivo ectopic transplantation assay, and gene expression profiling.ResultsMSCs isolated from the inflamed pulp tissue of functional deciduous teeth potentially possess the qualities of those from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. FGF‐2 applied to iSHFD during expansion enhanced the colony‐forming efficiency of these cells, increased their proliferation and migration potential, and reduced their differentiation potential in vitro. However, the ectopic transplantation of iSHFD/FGF‐2 in vivo increased the formation of dentin‐like material.ConclusionFGF‐2 expansion of stem cells from inflamed pulp tissues of human deciduous teeth can be a good source of stem cells for future clinical applications and a novel way of using discarded inflamed tissues.
Interactions between Golli‐MBP and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Ding M , Zeng J , Sroussi H , Yu J , Xu J , Cheng X , Fan Y 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a prevalent cell‐mediated autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Disruption in the Th1/Th2 equilibrium has been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of OLP. In this study, we aimed at exploring, in OLP, the interactions between Th1/Th2 cytokines and Golli‐MBP, a regulator of autogenic T cells.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐six OLP patients aged 18–79 and nineteen control subjects aged 20–69 were enrolled in the dental clinics of Nanjing Medical University. OLP was diagnosed clinically and verified by histopathological examination. All subjects were free of other autoimmune diseases. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum were collected from all subjects. Gene expression and protein levels of Golli‐MBP, IFN‐γ and IL‐4 were measured, respectively, by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultWhen compared with control, PBMC and serum from OLP patients exhibited a significantly higher expression and concentration of Golli‐MBP and IL‐4 and lower levels of IFN‐γ. A strong negative correlation (r = −0.838, P < 0.000) was detected between the ratio of IFN‐γ/IL‐4 and Golli‐MBP gene expression in PBMCs of OLP patients.ConclusionThese data support a potential link between Golli‐MBP and the dysregulation of the Th1/Th2 equilibrium in OLP.
Orthology Guided Assembly in highly heterozygous crops: creating a reference transcriptome to uncover genetic diversity in Lolium perenne
Authors: Ruttink Tom , Sterck Lieven , Rohde Antje , Bendixen Christian , Rouzé Pierre , Asp Torben , Van de Peer Yves , Roldan‐Ruiz Isabel 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDespite current advances in next‐generation sequencing data analysis procedures, de novo assembly of a reference sequence required for SNP discovery and expression analysis is still a major challenge in genetically uncharacterized, highly heterozygous species. High levels of polymorphism inherent to outbreeding crop species hamper De Bruijn Graph‐based de novo assembly algorithms, causing transcript fragmentation and the redundant assembly of allelic contigs. If multiple genotypes are sequenced to study genetic diversity, primary de novo assembly is best performed per genotype to limit the level of polymorphism and avoid transcript fragmentation. Here, we propose an Orthology Guided Assembly procedure that first uses sequence similarity (tBLASTn) to proteins of a model species to select allelic and fragmented contigs from all genotypes and then performs CAP3 clustering on a gene‐by‐gene basis. Thus, we simultaneously annotate putative orthologues for each protein of the model species, resolve allelic redundancy and fragmentation and create a de novo transcript sequence representing the consensus of all alleles present in the sequenced genotypes. We demonstrate the procedure using RNA‐seq data from 14 genotypes of Lolium perenne to generate a reference transcriptome for gene discovery and translational research, to reveal the transcriptome‐wide distribution and density of SNPs in an outbreeding crop and to illustrate the effect of polymorphisms on the assembly procedure. The results presented here illustrate that constructing a non‐redundant reference sequence is essential for comparative genomics, orthology‐based annotation and candidate gene selection but also for read mapping and subsequent polymorphism discovery and/or read count‐based gene expression analysis.
Rural Agricultural Change and Fertility Transition in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Prem , Ghimire Dirgha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUsing longitudinal panel data from the Western Chitwan Valley of Nepal, this study examines the impact of the use of modern farm technologies on fertility transition—specifically, the number of births in a farm household. Previous explanations for the slow pace of fertility transition in rural agricultural settings often argued that the demand for farm labor is the primary driver of high fertility. If this argument holds true, the use of modern farm technologies that are designed to carry out labor‐intensive farm activities ought to substitute for farm labor and discourage births in farm families. However, little empirical evidence is available on the potential influence of the use of modern farm technologies on the fertility transition. To fill this gap, the panel data examined in this study provide an unusual opportunity to test this long‐standing, but unexplored, argument. The results demonstrate that the use of modern farm technologies, particularly the use of a tractor and other modern farm implements, reduce subsequent births in farm households. This offers important insight for understanding the fertility transition in Nepal, a setting that is experiencing high population growth and rapidly changing farming practices.
Multicenter Quality Control of Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor Resistance Genotyping
Authors: Vallet Sophie , Larrat Sylvie , Laperche Syria , Le Guillou-Guillemette Hélène , Legrand-Abravanel Florence , Bouchardeau Françoise , Pivert Adeline , Henquell Cécile , Mirand Audrey , André-Garnier Elisabeth , Giordanengo Valérie , Lagathu Gisèle , Thibault Vincent , Scholtes Caroline , Schvoerer Evelyne , Gaudy-Graffin Catherine , Maylin Sarah , Trimoulet Pascale , Brochot Etienne , Hantz Sébastien , Gozlan Joël , Roque-Afonso Anne-Marie , Soussan Patrick , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Charpentier Charlotte , Chevaliez Stéphane , Colson Philippe , Mackiewicz Vincent , Aguilera Lina , Rosec Sylvain , Gouriou Stéphanie , Magnat Nelly , Lunel-Fabiani Françoise , Izopet Jacques , Morand Patrice , Payan Christopher , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor resistance-associated substitutions are selected during triple-therapy breakthrough. This multicenter quality control study evaluated the expertise of 23 French laboratories in HCV protease inhibitor resistance genotyping. A panel of 12 well-defined blinded samples comprising two wild-type HCV strains, nine transcripts from synthetic NS3 mutant samples or from clinical strains, and one HCV RNA-negative sample was provided to the participating laboratories. The results showed that any laboratory with expertise in sequencing techniques should be able to provide reliable HCV protease inhibitor resistance genotyping. Only a 0.7% error rate was reported for the amino acid sites studied. The accuracy of substitution identification ranged from 75% to 100%, depending on the laboratory. Incorrect results were mainly related to the methodology used. The results could be improved by changing the primers and modifying the process in order to avoid cross-contamination. This study underlines the value of quality control programs for viral resistance genotyping, which is required prior to launching observational collaborative multicenter studies on HCV resistance to direct-acting antiviral agents.
Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord
Authors: Aziz Rizwan , Jamil Anwer , Alubaidi Kassem , Jamil Waqas 
Published: February 2013

A 43-years-old male patient presented through general practitioner with a complaint of right scrotal mass and was operated through inguinal approach. A 4 cm mass was excised and was found to be a liposarcoma of the spermatic cord upon histopathology, which is a diagnostic dilemma and very rare entity.
Triggers in advanced neurological conditions: prediction and management of the terminal phase
Authors: Hussain Jamilla , Adams Debi , Allgar Victoria , Campbell Colin 
Published: February 2013

ContextThe challenge to provide a palliative care service for individuals with advanced neurological conditions is compounded by variability in disease trajectories and symptom profiles. The National End of Life Care Programme (2010) recommended seven ‘triggers’ for a palliative approach to care for patients with advanced neurological conditions.ObjectivesTo establish the frequency of triggers in the palliative phase, and if they could be reduced to fewer components. Management of the terminal phase also was evaluated.MethodRetrospective study of 62 consecutive patients under the care of a specialist palliative neurology service, who had died. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to establish the interrelationship between triggers.ResultsFrequency of triggers increased as each patient approached death. PCA found that four symptom components explained 76.8% of the variance. These represented:rapid physical decline;significant complex symptoms, including pain;infection in combination with cognitive impairment;andrisk of aspiration. Median follow-up under the palliative care service was 336 days. In 56.5% of patients, the cause of death was pneumonia. The terminal phase was recognised in 72.6%. The duration of the terminal phase was 8.8 days on average, and the Liverpool Care of the dying Pathway was commenced in 33.9%. All carers were offered bereavement support.ConclusionsReferral criteria based on the triggers can facilitate appropriate and timely patient access to palliative care. The components deduced through PCA have face validity; however larger studies prospectively validating the triggers are required. Closer scrutiny of the terminal phase is necessary to optimise management.
[18F]-FLT Positron Emission Tomography Can Be Used to Image the Response of Sensitive Tumors to PI3-Kinase Inhibition with the Novel Agent GDC-0941
Authors: Cawthorne Christopher , Burrows Natalie , Gieling Roben G. , Morrow Christopher J. , Forster Duncan , Gregory Jamil , Radigois Marc , Smigova Alison , Babur Muhammad , Simpson Kathryn , Hodgkinson Cassandra , Brown Gavin , McMahon Adam , Dive Caroline , Hiscock Duncan , Wilson Ian , Williams Kaye J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is deregulated in a range of cancers, and several targeted inhibitors are entering the clinic. This study aimed to investigate whether the positron emission tomography tracer 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) is suitable to mark the effect of the novel PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941, which has entered phase II clinical trial. CBA nude mice bearing U87 glioma and HCT116 colorectal xenografts were imaged at baseline with [18F]-FLT and at acute (18 hours) and chronic (186 hours) time points after twice-daily administration of GDC-0941 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle. Tumor uptake normalized to blood pool was calculated, and tissue was analyzed at sacrifice for PI3K pathway inhibition and thymidine kinase (TK1) expression. Uptake of [18F]-FLT was also assessed in tumors inducibly overexpressing a dominant-negative form of the PI3K p85 subunit p85α, as well as HCT116 liver metastases after GDC-0941 therapy. GDC-0941 treatment induced tumor stasis in U87 xenografts, whereas inhibition of HCT116 tumors was more variable. Tumor uptake of [18F]-FLT was significantly reduced following GDC-0941 dosing in responsive tumors at the acute time point and correlated with pharmacodynamic markers of PI3K signaling inhibition and significant reduction in TK1 expression in U87, but not HCT116, tumors. Reduction of PI3K signaling via expression of Δp85α significantly reduced tumor growth and [18F]-FLT uptake, as did treatment of HCT116 liver metastases with GDC-0941. These results indicate that [18F]-FLT is a strong candidate for the noninvasive measurement of GDC-0941 action. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(5); 819–28. ©2013 AACR.
Enhanced thermal properties of poly(ethylene tetrasulfide) via expanded graphite incorporation by in situ polymerization method
Authors: Allahbakhsh Ahmad , Sheydaei Milad , Mazinani Saeedeh , Kalaee Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2013

In this study, a novel poly(ethylene tetrasulfide) (PETS)/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposite with 40°C improvement in melting point is prepared via in situ polymerization technique. The morphology, chemical characteristics and the structural behavior of nanocomposites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. XRD observations show about 0.1 nm increase in d-spacing of PETS crystals in the presence of 2 wt% EG in nanocomposite. This behavior could be related to the intercalation of polysulfide macromolecules in the interlayer structure of EG sheets. Furthermore, the thermal properties of nanocomposites are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The thermal degradation temperature of nanocomposite containing 2 wt% graphite shows an improvement of about 10°C compared to unfilled polysulfide. Moreover, the chemical resistance of nanocomposites in different common solvents increases in the presence of EG, which could be accounted as a clear proof of interconnections for EG and macromolecular structure of the polymer.
Estimating effect sizes for health-related quality of life outcomes
Authors: Julious Steven A , Walters Stephen J 
Published: February 2013

Summary To enable an assessment of the costs and benefits of a new health technology one should use a range of outcome measures, including medical, psychosocial and economic. Therefore, unless a patient-reported outcome as well as clinical outcome is assessed in a study, the effect of a health technology on the patient will remain unknown as two therapies may have similar clinical consequences but different impacts upon the quality of the life of the patients. An important issue when designing a study with a new patient-reported outcome is the quantification of an effect size. Through a case study we highlight how simple calculations can enable the estimation of the effect sizes if there is information on established outcomes. This is done by mapping changes on the new scale to clinically relevant and important changes on established scales. We recommend the approaches described in this paper be considered for the quantification of important treatment effects when designing a clinical trial with a new patient-reported outcome measure.
Improving maternal perinatal mental health: integrated care for all women versus screening for depression
Authors: Laios Lia , Rio Ines , Judd Fiona 
Published: February 2013

Objective: The objective of this article is to highlight the debate about universal routine screening and psychosocial assessment in the perinatal period, and suggest an alternative/additional approach to improving maternal perinatal mental illness. Conclusions: Universal routine screening and psychosocial assessment in the perinatal period has been introduced in Australia despite a lack of evidence that this affects perinatal maternal morbidity. Furthermore, this approach is not designed to detect maternal illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, although it is these women and their infants who have the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. We propose that any approach to improving maternal perinatal mental health should be tailored to particular situations and populations, with mental health care (inclusive of all mental illness, not just depression) integrated into, and thus a routine aspect of, maternity care provided to all women throughout the perinatal period.
Have Primary Mental Health Teams lived up to their expectations?
Authors: Rodrigo Asiri , Foo Lea , Majoor Jennifer 
Published: February 2013

Objective: Primary Mental Health Teams (PMHTs) were established in Victoria in 2002 to integrate psychiatric services into primary care. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients referred to Eastern Health PMHT, the effectiveness of management plans and referrer satisfaction. Method: Retrospective case note review of referrals (116) made to the PMHT from January to August 2010 and analysis of returned satisfaction surveys (105) from referrers between January 2006 and August 2010. Results: The mean age of patients was 40 years with 55% being female. The commonest primary diagnosis was depression (41%). The majority of patients (59%) had multiple psychiatric diagnoses. The response time for telephonic consultation was 1.4 days and 13.2 days for an initial patient consultation. Psychotherapy was the most frequently recommended treatment (85%). Average treatment period was 6.8 weeks and the majority of patients (93%) were discharged back to the primary referrer. Referrers were satisfied with PMHT services and average improvement of patients on the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales was 2.3. Conclusion: Our study suggests that PMHTs have embedded psychiatric services within primary care settings, with high levels of referrer satisfaction and patient improvement.
Factors Influencing the Incidence of Endovenous Heat-Induced Thrombosis (EHIT)
Authors: Rhee Soo J. , Cantelmo Nancy L. , Conrad Mark F. , Stoughton Julianne 
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Extension of thrombus from the great saphenous vein into the common femoral vein can be an early postprocedural complication of endothermal ablation (ETA). Methods: A retrospective review was performed over a 3-year period. Intraprocedural ultrasound images demonstrating the distance of the catheter tip to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) were available for 519 procedures, and this distance was measured. Results: Twenty-one (4.0%) cases of endovenous heat-induced thrombus (EHIT) were diagnosed. In all, 15 (6.4%) EHITs occurred following endovenous laser ablation and 6 (2.1%) after radiofrequency ( P = .02). Distance from catheter tip to SFJ, vein diameter, concomitant treatments, and perioperative anticoagulation were not significant risk factors for EHIT. Of the clinical factors assessed, gender ( P = .002), Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic and Pathophysiologic classification 3 to 6 ( P = .003), history of prior thrombosis ( P = .04), and Caprini thrombosis risk factor assessment score ( P = .004) were significant. On multivariate analysis, Caprini score ( P = .0002) and male gender ( P = .0003) remained significant. Conclusions: Male gender and increased Caprini score are predictive factors for EHIT following ETA.