bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Observation of an Abrupt Insulator‐to‐Metal Transition in Dense Liquid Deuterium.
Authors: Knudson M. D. , Desjarlais M. P. , Becker A. , Lemke R. W. , Cochrane K. R. , Savage M. E. , Bliss D. E. , Mattsson T. R. , Redmer R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbrupt insulator‐to‐metal transition is experimentally observed in dense liquid D2 by application of magnetic shock waves of several hundred GPa to a cryocell containing D2 (22 K, density of 0.167 g/cm3) at the Sandia Z machine (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) for pulsed power research.
ChemInform Abstract: Compressed Sodalite‐Like MgH6 as a Potential High‐Temperature Superconductor.
Authors: Feng Xiaolei , Zhang Jurong , Gao Guoying , Liu Hanyu , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe stability of MgH6 with a sodalite‐like framework at <150 GPa is predicted by first‐principles DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Trapped by Rare Earth Tetrahedral Clusters in Nd4FeOS6: Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Taufour Valentin , Zhang Yuemei , Wood Max , Drtina Thomas , Bud'ko Sergey L. , Canfield Paul C. , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of Nd4FeOS6 are grown from an Fe‐S eutectic solution using a mixture of the elements in the molar ratio of Nd:Fe:S = 4:55:41 (alumina crucible, heating to 1150 °C over 12 h; cooling to 1000 °C with a rate of 1 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Brackebuschite‐Type Transition Metal Vanadates: Ba2M(VO4)2(OH), M: V3+, Mn3+, and Fe3+, with Interesting Jahn—Teller and Spin‐Liquid Behavior.
Authors: Sanjeewa Liurukara D. , McGuire Michael A. , Garlea Vasile O. , Hu Longyu , Chumanov George , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLarge single crystals of Ba2V(VO4)2(OH) (I) and Sr2V(VO4)2(OH) (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from mixtures of BaO or SrO, V2O3, V2O5, and aqueous NaOH as a mineralizer solution (Ag ampules, autoclave, 1.2 kbar, 650 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of O‐Alkynylarylbromides with Dialkylalkynes via Consecutive Carbopalladation.
Authors: Zhao Jian , Asao Naoki , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Jin Tienan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction provides dihydrocyclopenta[a]indene derivatives endowed with various aryl substituents in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: No Photocatalyst Required — Versatile, Visible Light Mediated Transformations with Polyhalomethanes.
Authors: Franz Johannes F. , Kraus Wolfgang B. , Zeitler Kirsten 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTetrahydroisoquinolines (I) are oxidized in the presence of CBrCl3 under blue LED irradiation to the corresponding 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolinium bromides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenyl Selenides: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Epoxidation.
Authors: Banach Anna , Scianowski Jacek , Uzarewicz‐Baig Magdalena , Wojtczak Andrzej 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric base‐promoted coupling of benzaldehyde and benzyl bromide to 1,2‐diphenyloxirane is investigated in the presence of a variety (24 examples) of terpene derived selenides as chiral mediator or catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful Methoxyvinyl Cation Equivalent: α‐t‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐α‐methoxyacetaldehyde.
Authors: McCune Christopher D. , Beio Matthew L. , Friest Jacob A. , Ginotra Sandeep , Berkowitz David B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAddition of Grignard reagent or lithiated acetylide nucleophiles to the title aldehyde affords β‐hydroxysilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Meerwein Arylation: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Fluoroarylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Guo Rui , Yang Haodong , Tang Pingping 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first example of a silver‐catalyzed intermolecular and intramolecular Meerwein fluoroarylation of styrenes with aryl diazonium salts under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Mediated Carboxylative Coupling of Primary Amines, Carbon Dioxide and Propargyl Chlorides.
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Ren Xiang , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPropargylcarbamates (IV) and (VII) are synthesized through title reaction using carbon dioxide as carboxylative reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Cyclobutanes via Rhodium/Diene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition: A Dramatic Ligand Effect on the Diastereoselectivity.
Authors: Chen Ya‐Jing , Hu Tian‐Jiao , Feng Chen‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective rhodium‐catalyzed arylation of cyclobutene‐1‐carboxylate esters is presented, providing an efficient synthetic approach for chiral butanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Photochromic Diarylethenes of Cyclopentenone Series by Nazarov Reaction.
Authors: Shirinian Valerii Z. , Lvov Andrey G. , Yanina Anna M. , Kachala Vadim V. , Krayushkin Mikhail 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Nazarov reaction of divinylketones of type (I) affording cyclopentenone derivatives of type (II) is the key step in the synthesis of new photochromic diarylethenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation of Activated Alkynes with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Dorn Stephanie C. M. , Olsen Andrew K. , Kelemen Rachel E. , Shrestha Ruja , Weix Daniel J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to provide (E)‐β‐aryl alkenoates as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique Alkylation of Azobenzenes with Allyl Acetates by RhIII‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Deng Hong , Li Hongji , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe direct o‐alkylation of a broad spectrum of azobenzenes is best carried out in the presence of allyl acetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of N,N‐Dimethylformamidines from Sulfonamides.
Authors: Chen Yantao , Graden Henrik , Aurell Carl‐Johan , Gibson James 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction tolerates electronically and sterically diverse N‐aryl arylsulfonamides, but is not applicable to alkyl substituted substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Direct Transformation of Common Tertiary Amides into Ketones and Amines by Addition of Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Huang Pei‐Qiang , Wang Yu , Xiao Kai‐Jiong , Huang Ying‐Hong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title reaction is promoted by Tf2O and can be viewed as the acrylation of Grignard reagents using amides as stable and selective acylation agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Primary‐Secondary Diamines Catalyzed Michael Reaction to Generate Chiral Fluorinated Quaternary Carbon Centers.
Authors: Lu Yingpeng , Zou Gang , Zhao Gang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title asymmetric Michael addition of α‐fluoro‐β‐ketoesters to nitroolefins affords the adducts in good yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Thioethers from Difluoromethyl Trimethylsilane and Organothiocyanates Generated in situ.
Authors: Bayarmagnai Bilguun , Matheis Christian , Jouvin Kevin , Goossen Lukas J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transformation of alkyl and (heteroaryl) thiocyanates to difluoromethyl thioethers is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Unimolecular Tetrakis(piperidin‐4‐ol) as a Ligand for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Incrustoporin (XIIIf) and Preclamol (VII).
Authors: Nallasivam Jothi L. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn intramolecular tetrakis‐4‐hydroxypiperidinol ligand is developed and successfully used to catalyze the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides and iodo‐lactones to produce a variety of biarlys and heterocyclic analogs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed α‐Furanylations of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Alkenyldiazo Carbonyl Species.
Authors: Pagar Vinayak Vishnu , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new gold‐catalyzed heteroarylation of 8‐alkylquinoline N‐oxides with alkenyldiazo carbonyl compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Stereoselectivities of Some Hindered Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Hoather Hugh A. , Raftery James , Yalavac Irem , Thomas Eric J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBoth inter‐ and intramolecular Diels—Alder reactions of dienyl methyl fumarate [e.g. (I) and (III)] give cis‐fused lactones with a methyl bearing quaternary centre as the major products because of the influence of the methyl substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Thiophenes from 2‐Aryl‐3‐nitro‐cyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylates and 1,4‐Dithiane‐2,5‐diol.
Authors: Selvi Thangavel , Vanmathi Govindhraj , Srinivasan Kannupal 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA two‐step synthesis of disubstituted thiophenes from trans‐arylnitrocyclopropane derivatives and dithianediol is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Intramolecular Functionalization of Methyl Groups in Nonconstrained Molecules Promoted by N‐Iodosulfonamides.
Authors: Paz Nieves R. , Rodriguez‐Sosa Dionisio , Valdes Haydee , Marticorena Ricardo , Melian Daniel , Copano M. Belen , Gonzalez Concepcion C. , Herrera Antonio J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConditions A) and B) are elaborated as optimal for the preparation of pyrrolidine or 2‐pyrrolidonone structures via radical‐mediated methyl iodination/oxidative deiodination.
ChemInform Abstract: Stille Cross‐Coupling for the Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone: Revisit, Improvement, and Applications of the Method.
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Toernroos Karl Wilhelm , Bjoersvik Hans‐Rene 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe scope of the Stille‐coupling of 4‐iodoimidazole (I) with tributyltin reagent (II) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Ionic Liquid Based on Imidazolium Cation as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzoxazoles, Benzthiazoles, Benzimidazoles and 2‐Arylsubstituted Benzimidazoles.
Authors: Hasanpour Maede , Eshghi Hossein , Bakavoli Mehdi , Mirzaei Mahdi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized through a one‐pot solvent‐free protocol using a dicationic ionic liquid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Triflic Acid Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Donor—Acceptor Oxiranes and Nitriles: A Facile Access to 3‐Oxazolines.
Authors: Zhou Hai , Zeng Xiaofei , Ding Liyuan , Xie Yan , Zhong Guofu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe desired ring system is readily available with good to excellent yields in the presence of aromatic and aliphatic nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Access to 2‐Aroylbenzothiazoles by Redox Condensation Reaction Between o‐Halonitrobenzenes, Acetophenones, and Elemental Sulfur.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Pasturaud Karine , Ermolenko Ludmila , Al‐Mourabit Ali 
Published: September 2015

AbstractN‐Methylmorpholine is used as a base to promote the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Jia Qianfa , Yang Gongming , Chen Lei , Du Zhiyun , Wei Jia , Zhong Yanqiong , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA one‐pot method for the direct conversion of organic azides (I) and (IV) and aliphatic aldehydes (II) to 1,2,4‐triazoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Imine and Methyl Vinyl Ketone Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphine.
Authors: Wang Ge , Rexiti Rukeya , Sha Feng , Wu Xin‐Yan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title reaction gives chiral functionalized tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields with moderate to good dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of C(sp3)—H Bonds: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Nageswara Rao Sadu , Ravi Chitrakar , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐carboxylates through oxidative amination of C(sp3)—H bonds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodohexahydropyridoindolones. Formation and Reactivity.
Authors: Rallabandi Rameshu , Jana Somnath , Rainier Jon D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of the iodohexahydropyridoindolone (II) by NIS promoted cyclization of the dihydropyridone (I) is developed and its conversion to a variety of derivatives including the hydroxy and the anilino derivatives (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Primary Amines with Internal Alkynes Through C—H Bond Activation: Scope and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Ruiz Sara , Villuendas Pedro , Ortuno Manuel A. , Lledos Agusti , Urriolabeitia Esteban P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title coupling reaction provides a wide range of isoquinoline and pyridine derivatives under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Mediated C—H Functionalization of 3,6‐Dichloropyridazine: Efficient Access to Novel Tetrahydropyridopyridazines.
Authors: Neubert Timothy D. , Schmidt Yvonne , Conroy Erica , Stamos Dean 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe cyclization of chloride (IIIc), obtained via radical mediated C‐H functionalization of 3,6‐dichloropyridazine, with various amines (IV) leads to a series of tetrahydropyridopyridazines (V) in 36‐62% yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Fluoro‐1,4‐benzoxazines and 2‐Fluoro‐1,4‐benzoxazepin‐5‐ones by Exploring the Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (SNV) Reaction of gem‐Difluoroenamides.
Authors: Meiresonne Tamara , Verniest Guido , De Kimpe Norbert , Mangelinckx Sven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe desired ring systems (III) and (V) are available under the optimized conditions shown where LiN(Tms)2 and KOtBu are the reagents of choice for the ring closure step.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Drug Metabolites via C—H Functionalization: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of N,N‐Dimethylalkylamines in Complex Pharmaceuticals.
Authors: Genovino Julien , Sames Dalibor , Toure B. Barry 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe practical, cost‐effective and operationally simple two‐step transformation is applied to a range of dimethylamine‐containing pharmaceuticals including clomipramine (I) and diltiazem (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] Annulation of 4‐Aryl 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Internal Alkynes Through Dual C(sp2)—H Functionalization.
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhou Ming‐Bo , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Pi Rui , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title transformation provides straightforward synthetic access to an indenoazepine skeleton through a sequence which includes the formation of a rhodium(III) azavinyl carbene, dual C(sp2)—H functionalization, and [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selective N,O‐Functionalization of Pyrazolone‐Fused 3‐Aminoazepinones.
Authors: Schurgers Ben , Van Lommen Guy , Verniest Guido 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRing‐closing metathesis of dienes (I) in the presence of Umicor M2 catalyst followed by reaction with hydrazine hydrate provides pyrazolone fused tetrahydroazepinones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Three‐Step Strategy for the Synthesis of 2‐Benzoxepin‐3(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Madhurima Hazra , Krishna Jonnada , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStarting from ortho‐bromobenzaldehydes or ‐acetophenones, The three‐step synthesis comprises Heck coupling with ethyl acrylate, reduction of the carbonyl group to an alcohol function and base‐mediated cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Antiinflammatory Macrolactones of the Oxacyclododecindione Type.
Authors: Tauber Johannes , Rudolph Kristina , Rohr Markus , Erkel Gerhard , Opatz Till 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA variety of attempts to synthesize oxacyclododecindione macrolactones through carbonylative ring‐closure, intramolecular alkyne hydroacyalation, and Ru‐catalyzed double bond isomerization fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Pinacolboryl Addition of N‐Boc‐imines Using a Chiral Sulfoxide—Phosphine Ligand.
Authors: Wang Ding , Cao Peng , Wang Bing , Jia Tao , Lou Yazhou , Wang Min , Liao Jian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe title ligand SOP is highly efficient for the preparation of both enantiomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Carbon—Halogen Bond‐Selective Boryl Substitution of Alkyl Halides Bearing Terminal Alkene Moieties.
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroaki , Kubota Koji , Yamamoto Eiji , Ito Hajime 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe selective boryl substitution of alkyl halides bearing terminal alkene moieties is achieved using a Cu(I)/tricyclohexylphosphine or Cu(I)/Xantphos catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxyphosphorylation of Terminal Alkynes Leading to β‐Ketophosphonates.
Authors: Yi Niannian , Wang Ruijia , Zou Huaxu , He Weibao , Fu Wenqiang , He Weimin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of synthetically very interesting compounds is readily available in the presence of molecular oxygen (mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Reactivity of Aryl Aldehydes with Triethyl Phosphite and Zinc Bromide: A Facile Preparation of Epoxides, Benzisoxazoles, and α‐Hydroxy Phosphonate Esters.
Authors: Raju Potharaju , Gobi Rajeshwaran Ganesan , Nandakumar Meganathan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe deoxygenative reaction of electron‐poor nitrobenzaldehydes (I) with P(OEt)3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnBr2 produces trans‐epoxides (II) in good yields whereas sterically hindered substrates (VI) yields benzisoxazoles as the sole product.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Protocol for the Regioselective Ring Opening of Doubly Activated Cyclopropanes by Using Selenolates Generated in situ: Synthesis of Functionalized Organoselenium Compounds.
Authors: Gopinath Purushothaman , Chandrakala R. N. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reaction tolerates 2‐alkyl, 2‐aryl as well as non‐substituted cyclopropanes doubly activated with various electron withdrawing groups and is applicable to a range of diaryl selenium derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular C—H Silylation for the Syntheses of Planar‐Chiral Metallocene Siloles.
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Wei , An Kun , Liu Li‐Chuan , Yue Yuan , He Wei 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe absolute configuration of compound (IIb) is determined to be Spl by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: BINOL‐Al Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclization and Amplification: Preparation of Optically Active Menthol Analogues.
Authors: Itoh Hisanori , Maeda Hironori , Yamada Shinya , Hori Yoji , Mino Takashi , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA highly selective asymmetric ring‐closing ene reaction catalyzed by aluminum complexes with chiral BINOL is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Antibacterial ortho‐Quinone Diterpenoid and Its Derivatives from Caryopteris mongolica.
Authors: Saruul Erdenebileg , Murata Toshihiro , Selenge Erdenechimeg , Sasaki Kenroh , Yoshizaki Fumihiko , Batkhuu Javzan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe new antibacterial ortho‐quinone diterpenoid caryopteron A (I) and its derivatives caryopteron B (II), C (III), and D (IV) are isolated from Caryopteris mongolica together with three known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpene Saponins from the Aerial Parts of Ilex cornuta and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Lee Kang Ro , Lee Seung Young , Suh Won Se , Kim Ho Kyung , Lee Il Kyun , Choi Sang Un , Kim Ki Hyun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrom the MeOH extract of Ilex cornuta Lindley (Aquifoliaceae), four new triterpene saponins (I‐IV) together with 13 known triterpenoids are isolated and their structures are elucidated via chemical and spectroscopic methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Thiol—Yne Cyclization as a Novel Strategy for Thioglycal Synthesis.
Authors: Corce Vincent , McSweeney Lauren , Malone Aoife , Scanlan Eoin M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis method gives access to thioglycals through a novel intramolecular thiol‐yne cyclization reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Flavonoid Glycoside and Potential Antifungal Activity of Isolated Constituents from the Flowers of Lilium lancifolium.
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Zhao Bo , Wang Yafei , Lin Ningning , Wang Libing , Song Tiejun , Yang Huijun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe new flavonoid glycoside lancifolide A (I) is isolated from the flowers of Lilium lancifolium together with five known flavonoid glycosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Stereoselective Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Kamjou Khadijeh 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReview: [recent advances in stereoselective reactions such as aldol, Mannich, allylatio, hydrogenation, Michael, Heck, oxidation‐reduction in aqueous media; 213 refs.] .
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Stereoselective Organocatalytic Alkylation of Aldehydes with Benzodithiolylium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Giacoboni Jessica , Saulnier Steve , Ciardi Moira , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractReview: 56 refs.
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography of the Right Atrium: The Neglected Chamber
Authors: Rai Aitzaz Bin Sultan , Lima Eduardo , Munir Farrukh , Faisal Khan Anum , Waqas Ahmed , Bughio Sara , ul Haq Ehtesham , Attique Hassan Bin , Rahman Zia Ur 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe right atrium (RA) plays a pivotal role in electromechanical and endocrine regulation of the heart. Its peculiar anatomical features and phasic mechanical function make it distinct from ventricles. Various invasive and noninvasive techniques have been used to elucidate RA structure and function. Of these modalities, echocardiography has distinct advantages over others. Several conventional measures of RA function through echocardiography have been described in the literature, but they are load dependent. A relatively new technique is speckle tracking–derived strain, which is relatively less dependent on loading conditions. Speckle tracking echocardiography tracks acoustic scatters (speckles) of myocardium frame‐by‐frame to calculate strain or deformation of the myocardium. Speckle tracking echocardiography has been used extensively for strain assessment of the right and left ventricle to detect subtle disease pathology, to gain mechanistic insight, as a marker of ischemic metabolic memory, as an endpoint in clinical trials, and as a functional assessment tool. The RA is a relatively neglected chamber, as it is mostly studied for assessment of atrial mass lesions, for electrophysiological studies, and in animal models for physiological assessment. However, its role in the systolic and diastolic function of the right heart, pulmonary vascular pathology, congenital heart diseases, and combined electromechanical activation phenomena has been less explored or unexplored. Speckle tracking echocardiography is an ideal tool for the assessment of the RA because of its regional and global functional characterization, angle independence, and high temporal resolution.