bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution, Properties, and Spatial Variability of MJO Convection near and off the Equator during DYNAMO
Authors: Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A. , Schumacher Courtney , Katsumata Masaki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the evolution, structure, and spatial variability of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) convection observed during the 2011/12 Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) field campaign. Generally, the C-band radars located in the near-equatorial Indian Ocean—Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R) on Addu Atoll (Gan) and NASA TOGA on the R/V Roger Revelle (Revelle)—observed similar trends in echo-top heights, stratiform rain fraction, and precipitation feature size across the MJO life cycle. These trends are closely related to changes in mid- to upper-tropospheric moisture, sea surface temperature (SST), zonal wind, and diagnosed vertical air motions. However, the evolution of convection, moisture, and vertical air motion at the R/V Mirai (Mirai), located in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) at 8°S, exhibited a pattern nearly opposite to Gan and Revelle. When the MJO was active over the equator, convection was suppressed around Mirai owing to induced subsidence by the strong upward motion to the north. SST and zonal winds near Mirai were nearly invariant across the MJO life cycle, indicating little influence from the MJO in these fields. Compared to Gan and Revelle, Mirai had a significant amount of precipitation that fell from shallow and isolated convection. There were subtle differences in the evolution and properties of the convection observed between Gan and Revelle. Deep convection occurred slightly earlier at Gan compared to Revelle, consistent with the west-to-east progression of the MJO in the central Indian Ocean. Furthermore, convective deepening was more gradual over Revelle compared to Gan, especially during the October MJO event.
Stochastic Atmospheric Forcing as a Cause of Greenland Climate Transitions
Authors: Kleppin Hannah , Jochum Markus , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Shields Christine A. , Yeager Stephen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
An unforced simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), is found to have Greenland warming and cooling events that resemble Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles in pattern and magnitude. With the caveat that only three transitions were available to be analyzed, it is found that the transitions are triggered by stochastic atmospheric forcing. The atmospheric anomalies change the strength of the subpolar gyre, leading to a change in Labrador Sea sea ice concentration and meridional heat transport. The changed climate state is maintained over centuries through the feedback between sea ice and sea level pressure in the North Atlantic. Indications that the initial atmospheric pressure anomalies are preceded by precipitation anomalies in the western Pacific warm pool are discussed. The full evolution of the anomalous climate state depends crucially on the climatic background state.
Augmentations to the Noah Model Physics for Application to the Yellow River Source Area. Part I: Soil Water Flow
Authors: Zheng Donghai , van der Velde Rogier , Su Zhongbo , Wang Xin , Wen Jun , Booij Martijn J. , Hoekstra Arjen Y. , Chen Yingying 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This is the first part of a study focusing on evaluating the performance of the Noah land surface model (LSM) in simulating surface water and energy budgets for the high-elevation source region of the Yellow River (SRYR). A comprehensive dataset is utilized that includes in situ micrometeorological and profile soil moisture and temperature measurements as well as laboratory soil property measurements of samples collected across the SRYR. Here, the simulation of soil water flow is investigated, while Part II concentrates on the surface heat flux and soil temperature simulations. Three augmentations are proposed: 1) to include the effect of organic matter on soil hydraulic parameterization via the additivity hypothesis, 2) to implement the saturated hydraulic conductivity as an exponentially decaying function with soil depth, and 3) to modify the vertical root distribution to represent the Tibetan conditions characterized by an abundance of roots in the topsoil. The diffusivity form of Richards’ equation is further revised to allow for the simulation of soil water flow across soil layers with different hydraulic properties. Usage of organic matter for calculating the porosity and soil suction improves the agreement between the estimates and laboratory measurements, and the exponential function together with the Kozeny–Carman equation best describes the in situ . Through implementation of the modified hydraulic parameterization alone, the soil moisture underestimation in the upper soil layer under wet conditions is resolved, while the soil moisture profile dynamics are better captured by also including the modified root distribution.
Experimental Tropical Cyclone Forecasts Using a Variable-Resolution Global Model
Authors: Zarzycki Colin M. , Jablonowski Christiane 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts at 14-km horizontal resolution (0.125°) are completed using variable-resolution (V-R) grids within the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Forecasts are integrated twice daily from 1 August to 31 October for both 2012 and 2013, with a high-resolution nest centered over the North Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean basins. Using the CAM version 5 (CAM5) physical parameterization package, regional refinement is shown to significantly increase TC track forecast skill relative to unrefined grids (55 km, 0.5°). For typical TC forecast integration periods (approximately 1 week), V-R forecasts are able to nearly identically reproduce the flow field of a globally uniform high-resolution forecast. Simulated intensity is generally too strong for forecasts beyond 72 h. This intensity bias is robust regardless of whether the forecast is forced with observed or climatological sea surface temperatures and is not significantly mitigated in a suite of sensitivity simulations aimed at investigating the impact of model time step and CAM’s deep convection parameterization. Replacing components of the default physics with Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) produces a statistically significant improvement in forecast intensity at longer lead times, although significant structural differences in forecasted TCs exist. CAM forecasts the recurvature of Hurricane Sandy into the northeastern United States 60 h earlier than the Global Forecast System (GFS) model using identical initial conditions, demonstrating the sensitivity of TC forecasts to model configuration. Computational costs associated with V-R simulations are dramatically decreased relative to globally uniform high-resolution simulations, demonstrating that variable-resolution techniques are a promising tool for future numerical weather prediction applications.
Left gastric artery aneurysm rupture: a rare cause of retroperitoneal bleeding: a case report
Authors: Ng Cho Ee , Khout Hazem , Farrell Rory , Fasih Tarannum 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Visceral artery aneurysms are very rare. Patients usually present as emergency secondary to the sudden rupture of the aneurysm or as an incidental finding on ultrasound, MRI or abdominal computed tomography. Among these, splenic artery aneurysms are the most common ones accounting for 60% of all splanchnic aneurysms and gastric and gastroepiploic aneurysms account for only about 4%. Case presentation We present a 61-year-old Caucasian male previously fit and well, presenting with sudden onset epigastric pain due to retroperitoneal haemorrhage secondary to ruptured left gastric artery aneurysm. Apart from a tender epigastrium, there were no other obvious signs elicited on abdominal examination. He had persistent tachycardia and haemoglobin drop from 10 g/dl to 6.7 g/dl. He underwent a contrast computed tomography which identified the ruptured left gastric artery. The aneurysm was controlled successfully with coil embolisation of the left gastric artery. At three-month follow–up, there was no evidence of the aneurysm. Conclusion Clinical presentations that do not correlate with examination finding should prompt immediate extensive investigation. The aid of contrast computed tomography and minimally invasive radiological interventional is the key to a fruitful outcome for this very rare entity.
Systematic Review of Nontumor Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implant Outcomes
Authors: Noij Kimberley S. , Kozin Elliott D. , Sethi Rosh , Shah Parth V. , Kaplan Alyson B. , Herrmann Barbara , Remenschneider Aaron , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveThe auditory brainstem implant (ABI) was initially developed for patients with deafness as a result of neurofibromatosis type 2. ABI indications have recently extended to children with congenital deafness who are not cochlear implant candidates. Few multi‐institutional outcome data exist. Herein, we aim to provide a systematic review of outcomes following implantation of the ABI in pediatric patients with nontumor diagnosis, with a focus on audiometric outcomes.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.Review MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) recommendations. Variables assessed included age at implantation, diagnosis, medical history, cochlear implant history, radiographic findings, ABI device implanted, surgical approach, complications, side effects, and auditory outcomes.ResultsThe initial search identified 304 articles; 21 met inclusion criteria for a total of 162 children. The majority of these patients had cochlear nerve aplasia (63.6%, 103 of 162). Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in up to 8.5% of cases. Audiometric outcomes improved over time. After 5 years, almost 50% of patients reached Categories of Auditory Performance scores >4; however, patients with nonauditory disabilities did not demonstrate a similar increase in scores.ConclusionABI surgery is a reasonable option for the habilitation of deaf children who are not cochlear implant candidates. Although improvement in Categories of Auditory Performance scores was seen across studies, pediatric ABI users with nonauditory disabilities have inferior audiometric outcomes.
Does adding mobilization to stretching improve outcomes for people with frozen shoulder? A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Çelik Derya , Kaya Mutlu Ebru 
Published: July 2015

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises in patients with frozen shoulder. Design: A randomized controlled clinical pilot trial. Setting: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Subjects: Thirty patients with frozen shoulder. Intervention: All participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: joint mobilization and stretching versus stretching exercises alone. Both groups performed a home exercise program and were treated for six weeks (18 sessions). Main measures: The primary outcome measures for functional assessment were the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score and the Constant score. The secondary outcome measures were pain level, as evaluated with a visual analog scale, and range of motion, as measured using a conventional goniometer. Patients were assessed before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and after one year as follow-up. Results: Two-by-two repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections revealed significant increases in abduction (91.9° [CI: 86.1-96.7] to 172.8° [CI: 169.7-175.5]), external rotation (28.1° [CI: 22.2-34.2] to 77.7° [CI: 70.3-83.0]) and Constant score (39.1 [CI: 35.3-42.6] to 80.5 [75.3-86.6]) at the one-year follow-up in the joint mobilization combined with stretching exercise group, whereas the group performing stretching exercise alone did not show such changes. Conclusion: In the treatment of patients with frozen shoulder, joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises is better than stretching exercise alone in terms of external rotation, abduction range of motion and function score.
Efficacy of interventions used by physiotherapists for patients with headache and migraine—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Luedtke Kerstin , Allers Angie , Schulte Laura H , May Arne 
Published: July 2015

Aim We aimed to conduct a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of interventions used by physiotherapists on the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine, tension-type (TTH) and cervicogenic headache (CGH). Methods We performed a systematic search of electronic databases and a hand search for controlled trials. A risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB). Meta-analyses present the combined mean effects; sensitivity analyses evaluate the influence of methodological quality. Results Of 77 eligible trials, 26 were included in the RoB assessment. Twenty trials were included in meta-analyses. Nineteen out of 26 trials had a high RoB in >1 domain. Meta-analyses of all trials indicated a reduction of TTH ( p < 0.0001; mean reduction −1.11 on a 0–10 visual analog scale (VAS); 95% CI −1.64 to −0.57) and CGH ( p = 0.0002; mean reduction −2.52 on a 0–10 VAS; 95% CI −3.86 to −1.19) pain intensity, CGH frequency ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.34 days per month; 95% CI −1.40 to −1.28), and migraine ( p = 0.0001; mean reduction −22.39 hours without relief; 95% CI −33.90 to −10.88) and CGH ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.68 hours per day; 95% CI −2.09 to −1.26) duration. Excluding high RoB trials increased the effect sizes and reached additional statistical significance for migraine pain intensity ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −1.94 on a 0–10 VAS; 95% CI −2.61 to −1.27) and frequency ( p < 0.00001; mean reduction −9.07 days per month; 95% CI −9.52 to −8.62). Discussion Results suggest a statistically significant reduction in the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine, TTH and CGH. Pain reduction and reduction in CGH frequency do not reach clinically relevant effect sizes. Small sample sizes, inadequate use of headache classification, and other methodological shortcomings reduce the confidence in these results. Methodologically sound, randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are required to provide information on whether and which physiotherapy approach is effective. According to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the current level of evidence is low.
The Response of the Mexican Equity Market to US Monetary Surprises
Authors: Heath Ellis B. , Kopchak Seth J. 
Published: July 2015

Controlling for the US stock market, we find that the reaction of the Indice de Precios y Cotizaciones (IPC) (Mexican equity market) to changes in the federal funds target rate is asymmetric and depends on the state of the Mexican economy. Specifically, Mexican equity markets, like US equity markets, suffer more during cyclical downturns when faced with US monetary surprises than during expansions. This result is important since it suggests that exogenous credit events in the US can affect Mexican equity markets and that the magnitude of the effect depends on the state of the Mexican economy; additionally, it shows that the credit channel theory applies across the US–Mexican border. While other studies have confirmed that US monetary surprises can affect the Mexican equity market, none have looked at this aspect as it relates to business cycles. JEL Classification: E52, F36, F42
Backtesting of Value at Risk Methodology: Analysis of Banking Shares in India
Authors: Patra Biswajit , Padhi Puja 
Published: July 2015

Value at risk (VaR) is used by financial experts to calculate and predict the risk of financial exposure. In the presence of volatility and long memory, it is a model useful for the prediction of loss in the equity index return series. Checking the accuracy of this model is necessary from the practitioners’ point of view. This article initially checks the presence of autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) and long-memory effects in the daily closing price of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)-BANKEX return series. After confirming the ARCH and long-memory presence, it analyses the different methods of VaR calculation such as asymmetric power ARCH (APARCH), fractionally integrated exponential generalised ARCH (FIEGARCH), hyperbolic generalised GARCH (HYGARCH) and risk metrics. Then, it empirically tests the forecasting capacity of these VaR methods through techniques such as the Kupiec likelihood ratio (LR test) and dynamic quantile test. Furthermore, it checks the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) to determine the model with the least error. From the set of VaR models used here, by and large it concludes that the BANKEX return series has both long-memory and asymmetry effects. By comparing these models, it is implied that the HYGARCH model gives a better result, although the other models have their significance in the estimation and forecasting of the BANKEX return series. JEL: C12, D81, C530
The trouble with Martin O’Meara
Authors: Martyr Philippa , Davison Sophie 
Published: July 2015

Objective: The objective of this article is to highlight the pitfalls of translating historical cases of wartime psychiatric trauma into modern post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: We examined all available primary sources relating to the case of Martin O’Meara VC (1885–1935). Results: We found that O’Meara’s symptoms are not consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD. Conclusions: It is more likely that O’Meara developed a form of schizoaffective disorder, or long-lasting trauma-induced psychosis, after World War I.
Cytokinesis failure in RhoA-deficient mouse erythroblasts involves actomyosin and midbody dysregulation and triggers p53 activation
Authors: Konstantinidis Diamantis G. , Giger Katie M. , Risinger Mary , Pushkaran Suvarnamala , Zhou Ping , Dexheimer Phillip , Yerneni Satwica , Andreassen Paul , Klingmüller Ursula , Palis James , Zheng Yi , Kalfa Theodosia A. 
Published: July 2015

Key PointsRhoA GTPase activates pMRLC and localizes to the site of midbody formation to regulate erythroblast cytokinesis. Cytokinesis failure in erythroblasts caused by RhoA deficiency triggers p53-mediated DNA-damage response, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis.
A fast and accurate algorithm for ℓ
1 minimization problems in compressive sampling
Authors: Chen Feishe , Shen Lixin , Suter Bruce W. , Xu Yuesheng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
An accurate and efficient algorithm for solving the constrained ℓ
1-norm minimization problem is highly needed and is crucial for the success of sparse signal recovery in compressive sampling. We tackle the constrained ℓ
1-norm minimization problem by reformulating it via an indicator function which describes the constraints. The resulting model is solved efficiently and accurately by using an elegant proximity operator-based algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm performs well for sparse signals with magnitudes over a high dynamic range. Furthermore, it performs significantly better than the well-known algorithm NESTA (a shorthand for Nesterov’s algorithm) and DADM (dual alternating direction method) in terms of the quality of restored signals and the computational complexity measured in the CPU-time consumed.
Mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide sheets
Authors: M. Husain Imad , K. Salim Raed , Azdast Taher , Hasanifard Soran , M. Shishavan Sajjad , Eungkee Lee Richard 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
In this study, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded polyamide (nylon 66) sheets is investigated.

Methods
Commercial polyamide sheets with the dimension of 250 × 150 × 8 mm are used in experimentations. The processing parameters considered in the welding include: rotational speeds in five levels and traverse speeds in three levels. Tensile and impact tests are performed in order to evaluate mechanical behavior of welded sheets. Full-factorial design of experiments and also analysis of variance was performed in present study.

Results
Results show that when rotational speed increases, weld strength first increases and then decreases. In other words, there is an optimum rotational speed in which the welded samples could obtain the highest tensile Strength. Regarding the traverse speed, weld strength decreases with increasing of the traverse speed.

Conclusions
Obtained results show a significant relationship between considered properties and processing parameters through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) study.
Delayed Administration and Contraindicated Drugs Place Hospitalized Parkinson's Disease Patients at Risk; Doxorubicin Liposomal Mix-up; Avoid Mix-ups between Hydroxyprogesterone and Medroxyprogesterone
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: July 2015

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Descriptive Analysis of Patient Readmissions within 60 Days Due to Medication-Related Events
Authors: Thomas Julin , Coralic Aida , Ruegger Melanie , Thompson-Moore Nathaniel 
Published: July 2015

Background Hospital readmissions have become a marker for quality health care. Readmissions secondary to failures of the medication use process are poorly documented and underrecognized. Objective: To identify the incidence of readmissions related to the medication use process and identify associated patient- and therapy-related risk factors. Methods A prospective observational cohort study including patients discharged from an acute care medicine unit and readmitted within 60 days. The primary outcome was percentage of readmissions related to drug-related problems (DRPs) as defined by Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE). Secondary outcomes included classification of problems using PCNE criteria, type and extent of pharmacist involvement in patient care, and identification of variables associated with a readmission related to a DRP. Results One hundred patients provided informed consent and were included for analysis. A DRP associated with readmission was identified in 64 patients. Sixty-one percent were classified as a potential problem with effect or lack of effect of pharmacotherapy. Patients who had a pharmacy consult were less likely to have a DRP (27% vs 47%; P = .04), and patients who missed follow-up appointments were more than 3 times as likely to have a DRP (20% vs 4%; P = .03). Presence of a pharmacy consult (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.99; P = .05) and missed follow-up appointments (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.52–20.86; P = .01) remained significant in a multivariate regression model. Conclusion DRPs were frequent in patients who were readmitted within 60 days. Clinical pharmacist involvement in care and support for appropriate patient follow-up may reduce unnecessary admissions.