bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aboveground insect infestation attenuates belowground Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation
Authors: Song Geun Cheol , Lee Soohyun , Hong Jaehwa , Choi Hye Kyung , Hong Gun Hyong , Bae Dong‐Won , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Park Yong‐Soon , Ryu Choong‐Min 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease. Although Agrobacterium can be popularly used for genetic engineering, the influence of aboveground insect infestation on Agrobacterium induced gall formation has not been investigated.

Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were exposed to a sucking insect (whitefly) infestation and benzothiadiazole (BTH) for 7 d, and these exposed plants were inoculated with a tumorigenic Agrobacterium strain. We evaluated, both in planta and in vitro, how whitefly infestation affects crown gall disease.

Whitefly‐infested plants exhibited at least a two‐fold reduction in gall formation on both stem and crown root. Silencing of isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, compromised gall formation indicating an involvement of SA in whitefly‐derived plant defence against Agrobacterium. Endogenous SA content was augmented in whitefly‐infested plants upon Agrobacterium inoculation. In addition, SA concentration was three times higher in root exudates from whitefly‐infested plants. As a consequence, Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of roots of whitefly‐infested plants was clearly inhibited when compared to control plants. These results suggest that aboveground whitefly infestation elicits systemic defence responses throughout the plant.

Our findings provide new insights into insect‐mediated leaf–root intra‐communication and a framework to understand interactions between three organisms: whitefly, N. benthamiana and Agrobacterium.
Low regional cerebral blood flow in burning mouth syndrome patients with depression
Authors: Liu B‐L , Yao H , Zheng X‐J , Du G‐H , Shen X‐M , Zhou Y‐M , Tang G‐Y 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe main aims of this study were to (i) investigate the emotional disorder status of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and (ii) detect regional cerebral blood flow in BMS patients with the application of combined single‐photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (SPECT/CT).Subjects and MethodsThe degree of pain was measured using the visual analysis scale, and emotional disorder with the self‐rating anxiety scale, self‐rating depression scale, and Hamilton depression rating scale in 29 patients with BMS and 10 healthy controls. SPECT/CT was performed in 29 patients with BMS and 10 healthy controls, and statistical parametric mapping method was used for between‐group analyses.ResultsThe incidence rate of depression in patients with BMS was 31.0%. Compared to the control group, patients with BMS displayed significantly different depression and anxiety scales (P < 0.05). Significantly lower regional cerebral blood flow in the left parietal and left temporal lobes was recorded for BMS patients with depression (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with BMS experience more depression and anxious emotion. Moreover, depression in patients with BMS may be associated with lower regional cerebral blood flow in the left temporal and left parietal lobes.
The early evolution of ray‐finned fishes
Authors: Friedman Matt 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRay‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) constitute approximately half of all living vertebrate species. A stable hypothesis of relationships among major modern lineages has emerged over the past decade, supported by both anatomy and molecules. Diversity is unevenly partitioned across the actinopterygian tree, with most species concentrated within a handful of geologically young (i.e. Cretaceous) teleost clades. Extant non‐teleost groups are portrayed as ‘living fossils’, but this moniker should not be taken as evidence of especially primitive structure: each of these lineages is characterized by profound specializations. Attribution of fossils to the crowns and apical stems of Cladistia, Chondrostei and Neopterygii is uncontroversial, but placements of Palaeozoic taxa along deeper branches of actinopterygian phylogeny are less secure. Despite these limitations, some major outlines of actinopterygian diversification seem reasonably clear from the fossil record: low richness and disparity in the Devonian; elevated morphological variety, linked to increases in taxonomic dominance, in the early Carboniferous; and further gains in taxonomic dominance in the Early Triassic associated with earliest appearance of trophically diverse crown neopterygians.
Heterozygote to homozygote related living donor liver transplantation in maple syrup urine disease: A case report
Authors: Patel N. , Loveland J. , Zuckerman M. , Moshesh P. , Britz R. , Botha J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLiver transplantation is an accepted treatment modality in the management of MSUD. To our knowledge, ours is only the second successful case to date of a patient with MSUD receiving an allograft from an RLD who is a heterozygous carrier for the disease. In view of the worldwide shortage of available organs for transplantation, heterozygote to homozygote transplantation in the setting of MSUD may provide a viable alternative for those awaiting transplantation. We report on the case of a two‐yr‐old infant with MSUD, who received a left lateral segment (segments II and III) liver transplant from his mother, a heterozygote carrier of one of the three abnormal genes implicated in MSUD. Post‐operative BCAA levels normalized in our patient and remained so on an unrestricted protein diet and during times of physiological stress. To date, this is only the second case of a successful RLD liver transplant in a child with MSUD. Preliminary results indicate that RLD liver transplants are at least equivalent to deceased donor liver transplants in the treatment of MSUD, although longer term follow‐up is required. Heterozygote to homozygote RLD transplant in patients with MSUD presents a new pool of potential liver donors.
High‐Performance Human Resource Practices and Employee Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed , Gould‐Williams Julian Seymour , Bottomley Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article responds to recent calls for research examining the mechanisms through which high‐performance human resource practices (HPHRPs) affect employee outcomes. Using the theoretical lens of social exchange and process theories, the authors examine one such mechanism, public service motivation, through whichHPHRPsinfluence employees’ affective commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors in public sector organizations. A sample of professionals in the Egyptian health and higher education sectors was used to test a partial mediation model using structural equation modeling. Findings show that public service motivation partially mediated the relationship betweenHPHRPsand employees’ affective commitment and organizational citizenship behaviors. Similar results were achieved when the system ofHPHRPswas disaggregated to consider the individual effects of five human resource practices.
Reconstructing 4000 years of mass movement and tsunami history in a deep peri‐Alpine lake (Lake Geneva, France‐Switzerland)
Authors: Kremer Katrina , Hilbe Michael , Simpson Guy , Decrouy Laurent , Wildi Walter , Girardclos Stephanie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe study of mass movements in lake sediments provides insights into past natural hazards at historic and prehistoric timescales. Sediments from the deep basin of Lake Geneva reveal a succession of six large‐scale (volumes of 22 × 106 to 250 × 106 m3) mass‐transport deposits, associated with five mass‐movement events within 2600 years (4000 cal bp to 563 ad). The mass‐transport deposits result from: (i) lateral slope failures (mass‐transport deposit B at 3895 ± 225 cal bp and mass‐transport deposits A and C at 3683 ± 128 cal bp); and (ii) Rhône delta collapses (mass‐transport deposits D to G dated at 2650 ± 150 cal bp, 2185 ± 85 cal bp, 1920 ± 120 cal bp and 563 ad, respectively). Mass‐transport deposits A and C were most probably triggered by an earthquake, whereas the Rhône delta collapses were likely to be due to sediment overload with a rockfall as the external trigger (mass‐transport deposit G, the Tauredunum event in 563 ad known from historical records), an earthquake (mass‐transport deposit E) or unknown external triggers (mass‐transport deposits D and F). Independent of their origin and trigger mechanisms, numerical simulations show that all of these recorded mass‐transport deposits are large enough to have generated at least metre‐scale tsunamis during mass movement initiation. Since the Tauredunum event in 563 ad, two small‐scale (volumes of 1 to 2 × 106 m3) mass‐transport deposits (H and I) are present in the seismic record, both of which are associated with small lateral slope failures. Mass‐transport deposits H and I might be related to earthquakes in Lausanne/Geneva (possibly) 1322 ad and Aigle 1584 ad, respectively. The sedimentary record of the deep basin of Lake Geneva, in combination with the historical record, show that during the past 3695 years, at least six tsunamis were generated by mass movements, indicating that the tsunami hazard in the Lake Geneva region should not be neglected, although such events are not frequent with a recurrence time of 0·0016 yr−1.
Still a “Stalled Revolution”? Work/Family Experiences, Hegemonic Masculinity, and Moving Toward Gender Equality
Authors: Friedman Sarah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHochschild described the “stalled revolution” in the late 1980s: women made great gains in labor force opportunities, particularly in stereotypically “masculine” fields, yet men did not move comparably into “feminine” roles. This article examines the current “stalls” in the gender equality movement regarding gendered experiences at work and home, including occupations, the gender wage gap, career trajectories, and the division of household labor. This article also discusses efforts to “unstall” the gender revolution. Pop culture solutions on the individual‐level and academic research on structural/cultural barriers often focus on women's access to historically “masculine” roles (e.g. representation in STEM fields). There is far less emphasis on men's involvement in historically “feminine” roles. Gender scholars examine hegemonic masculinity as the narrowly constrained expectations for men's “appropriate” behavior. While efforts to “unstall” the gender revolution focus largely on expanding women's opportunities, this article addresses why the gender revolution will remain incomplete and “stalled” without redefining hegemonic masculinity. Cross‐national research demonstrates that changing views of masculinity are critical for greater gender equality at work and home.
Masculinity and Meat Consumption: An Analysis Through the Theoretical Lens of Hegemonic Masculinity and Alternative Masculinity Theories
Authors: Sumpter Kristen C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractResearch has found that men are more likely to choose to eat meat, particularly red meat, when compared to fruits and vegetables. This study examines the theory of hegemonic masculinity and discusses how the consumption of meat assists in the production of a masculine identity. Specifically, eating meat allows one to be seen as masculine, and the avoidance of meat permits one to be viewed as feminine. This narrow depiction of gender pushes alternative masculinities and unique eating habits to the sideline, ignoring the agency individuals possess when deciding the fate of their perceived gender. This paper seeks to discover if men, who participate in alternative eating practices, have the ability to define a new variation of masculinity. Four alternative theories will challenge hegemonic masculinity: multiple masculinities, natural masculinity, protest masculinity, and hybrid masculinities. Three examples will display the way marginalized men consume meat: historical upper‐class male fasting, meat consumption within men's ministries, and the vegetarian practices among men. Overall, this paper analyzes the basic concepts of hegemonic masculinity, the gendered consumption of meat, and questions if marginalized men are redefining the way others perceive their masculinity or if they are, in fact, striving to become exemplars of hegemonic masculinity.
Comparison of two bupivacaine delivery methods to control postoperative pain after enucleation in dogs
Authors: Chow Derek W. Y. , Wong Man Yu , Westermeyer Hans D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of a preoperative retrobulbar injection of bupivacaine to an intraoperative splash block of bupivacaine in controlling postoperative pain following enucleation in dogs.Animals studiedProspective, randomized, double‐masked clinical study of 31 client owned dogs with end‐stage ophthalmic disease requiring enucleation.ProceduresDogs admitted for unilateral enucleation were randomly assigned to receive bupivacaine 0.5% (1 mL/kg) into the retrobulbar space either via an inferior‐temporal palpebral (ITP) injection preoperatively or an intraoperative splash block. Pain was assessed prior to pre‐anesthetic sedation and at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 6, 8, and 24 hours (H) after extubation by masked observers using a previously described subjective pain scoring system. Rescue analgesia was initiated if overall pain score was >9 or if the score in any category at any time point was >3.ResultsThere were no adverse reactions. One of 15 dogs that received bupivacaine via a preoperative retrobulbarITPinjection required rescue analgesia. There was no significant difference between groups with regard to the need for rescue analgesia or pain scores at any time point or overall.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePain control using an intraoperative orbital splash administration of bupivacaine is not significantly different to a preoperative retrobulbar injection of bupivacaine.
The effect of processing method on the in vitro characteristics of red blood cell products
Authors: Hansen A. L. , Kurach J. D. R. , Turner T. R. , Jenkins C. , Busch M. P. , Norris P. J. , Dugger J. , Tomasulo P. A. , Devine D. V. , Acker J. P. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectivesWhile the clinical impact of differences in red blood cell (RBC) component processing methods is unknown, there are concerns they may be confounding variables in studies such as the ongoing ‘age of blood’ investigations. Here, we compare the in vitro characteristics of red cell concentrates (RCCs) produced by several different processing methods.Materials and MethodsNine processing methods were examined: three apheresis methods (Alyx, MCS+ and Trima), as well as leucoreduced whole blood‐derived RCCs produced by buffy coat and whole blood filtration and non‐leucoreduced RCCs. RCCs were stored in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol or additive solutions (AS) 1 or 3 for 42 days, with quality tested on day 5 and day 42.ResultsMany significant product differences were observed both early in and at the end of storage. Mean haemoglobin (Hb) ranged from 52 to 71 g/unit and mean Hct from 59·5 to 64·8%. Most RCC passed regulated quality control criteria according to Canadian Standards Association guidelines, although there were some failures relating to Hb content and residual WBC counts.ConclusionProcessing method impacts RCC characteristics throughout storage; better understanding of these differences and reporting of processing method details is critical.
Measurements of isocenter path characteristics of the gantry rotation axis with a smartphone application
Authors: Schiefer H. , Ingulfsen N. , Kluckert J. , Peters S. , Plasswilm L. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:For stereotactic radiosurgery, the AAPM Report No. 54 [AAPM Task Group 42 (AAPM, 1995)] requires the overall stability of the isocenter (couch, gantry, and collimator) to be within a 1 mm radius. In reality, a rotating system has no rigid axis and thus no isocenter point which is fixed in space. As a consequence, the isocenter concept is reviewed here. It is the aim to develop a measurement method following the revised definitions.Methods:The mechanical isocenter is defined here by the point which rotates on the shortest path in the room coordinate system. The path is labeled as “isocenter path.” Its center of gravity is assumed to be the mechanical isocenter. Following this definition, an image‐based and radiation‐free measurement method was developed. Multiple marker pairs in a plane perpendicular to the assumed gantry rotation axis of a linear accelerator are imaged with a smartphone application from several rotation angles. Each marker pair represents an independent measuring system. The room coordinates of the isocenter path and the mechanical isocenter are calculated based on the marker coordinates. The presented measurement method is by this means strictly focused on the mechanical isocenter.Results:The measurement result is available virtually immediately following completion of measurement. When 12 independent measurement systems are evaluated, the standard deviations of the isocenter path points and mechanical isocenter coordinates are 0.02 and 0.002 mm, respectively.Conclusions:The measurement is highly accurate, time efficient, and simple to adapt. It is therefore suitable for regular checks of the mechanical isocenter characteristics of the gantry and collimator rotation axis. When the isocenter path is reproducible and its extent is in the range of the needed geometrical accuracy, it should be taken into account in the planning process. This is especially true for stereotactic treatments and radiosurgery.
Disordered Eating Behavior, Body Image, and Energy Status of Female Student Dancers
Authors: Robbeson Justine G. , Kruger Herculina Salome , Wright Hattie H. 
Published: February 2015

Background:Modern culture has stereotyped the female body as one that is continually getting thinner. Internalization of the ‘thin’ ideal is partly attributable to the inner ideal to be successful combined with the external pressure imposed by media and others. Many individuals attempt to achieve these ideals by behavior modification that imposes health risks.Purpose:To investigate disordered eating (DE) behavior and energy status in female student dancers.Methods:Volunteer dancers (n = 26) aged 19.0 (18.0; 21.0) years, matched by controls (n = 26) aged 20.0 (19.0; 21.0) years were recruited. Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) subscales, Three-factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Cognitive Dietary Restraint (CDR) subscale, and EDI-3 Referral Form behavioral questions assessed DE behavior. Energy status was assessed with a food record and Actiheart monitor.Results:Dancers achieved significantly higher scores than controls in all questionnaires, namely: EDI-3 Drive for Thinness [12.0 (3.0; 19.0) vs. 4.5 (2.0; 9.0), p = .023], EDI-3 Body Dissatisfaction [16.0 (10.0; 25.0) vs. 6.5 (3.0; 14.0), p = .004], and TFEQ-CDR [9.0 (2.0; 15.0) vs. 3.0 (3.0; 7.0), p = .032]; dancers used excessive exercise to lose weight (19.2% vs. 0%, c2 = 5.53, p = .019), and had lower energy availability (24% vs. 8%, p < .05) than controls. The average energy balance (EB) was negative for both groups [dancers: EB = -3896 (-5236; -1222) vs. controls: EB = -2639 (-4744; -789) kJ/day].Conclusions:Female dancers are at risk for DE behavior and many have suboptimal energy status which may be related to their quest to achieve a more desirable appearance; education on healthy weight management practices is needed.
Clinical Application of Whole-Genome Sequencing To Inform Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Cases
Authors: Witney Adam A. , Gould Katherine A. , Arnold Amber , Coleman David , Delgado Rachel , Dhillon Jasvir , Pond Marcus J. , Pope Cassie F. , Planche Tim D. , Stoker Neil G. , Cosgrove Catherine A. , Butcher Philip D. , Harrison Thomas S. , Hinds Jason 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

The treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases is challenging, as drug options are limited, and the existing diagnostics are inadequate. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used in a clinical setting to investigate six cases of suspected extensively drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(XDR-TB) encountered at a London teaching hospital between 2008 and 2014. Sixteen isolates from six suspected XDR-TB cases were sequenced; five cases were analyzed in a clinically relevant time frame, with one case sequenced retrospectively. WGS identified mutations in the
M. tuberculosis
genes associated with antibiotic resistance that are likely to be responsible for the phenotypic resistance. Thus, an evidence base was developed to inform the clinical decisions made around antibiotic treatment over prolonged periods. All strains in this study belonged to the East Asian (Beijing) lineage, and the strain relatedness was consistent with the expectations from the case histories, confirming one contact transmission event. We demonstrate that WGS data can be produced in a clinically relevant time scale some weeks before drug sensitivity testing (DST) data are available, and they actively help clinical decision-making through the assessment of whether an isolate (i) has a particular resistance mutation where there are absent or contradictory DST results, (ii) has no further resistance markers and therefore is unlikely to be XDR, or (iii) is identical to an isolate of known resistance (i.e., a likely transmission event). A small number of discrepancies between the genotypic predictions and phenotypic DST results are discussed in the wider context of the interpretation and reporting of WGS results.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 7 Strains Are Associated with Prolonged Patient Delay in Seeking Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Solomon A. , Norheim Gunnstein , Namouchi Amine , Zegeye Ephrem D. , Kinander Wibeke , Tønjum Tone , Bekele Shiferaw , Mannsåker Turid , Bjune Gunnar , Aseffa Abraham , Holm-Hansen Carol 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Recent genotyping studies of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in Ethiopia have reported the identification of a new phylogenetically distinct
M. tuberculosis
lineage, lineage 7. We therefore investigated the genetic diversity and association of specific
M. tuberculosis
lineages with sociodemographic and clinical parameters among pulmonary TB patients in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. DNA was isolated from
M. tuberculosis-
positive sputum specimens (
n
= 240) and analyzed by PCR and 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis and spoligotyping. Bioinformatic analysis assigned the
M. tuberculosis
genotypes to global lineages, and associations between patient characteristics and genotype were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The study revealed a high diversity of modern and premodern
M. tuberculosis
lineages, among which approximately 25% were not previously reported. Among the
M. tuberculosis
strains (
n
= 138) assigned to seven subgroups, the largest cluster belonged to the lineage Central Asian (CAS) (
n
= 60; 26.0%), the second largest to lineage 7 (
n
= 36; 15.6%), and the third largest to the lineage Haarlem (
n
= 35; 15.2%). Four sublineages were new in the MIRU-VNTRplus database, designated NW-ETH3, NW-ETH1, NW-ETH2, and NW-ETH4, which included 24 (10.4%), 18 (7.8%), 8 (3.5%), and 5 (2.2%) isolates, respectively. Notably, patient delay in seeking treatment was significantly longer among patients infected with lineage 7 strains (Mann-Whitney test,
P
< 0.008) than in patients infected with CAS strains (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 13.5). Lineage 7 strains also grew more slowly than other
M. tuberculosis
strains. Cases of Haarlem (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.6) and NW-ETH3 (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 7.3) infection appeared in defined clusters. Intensified active case finding and contact tracing activities in the study region are needed to expedite diagnosis and treatment of TB.