bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute perioperative stress-induced increase of plaque volume and vulnerability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice is amenable to statin treatment and IL-6-inhibition
Authors: Janssen Henrike , Wagner Christian S. , Demmer Philipp , Callies Simone , Sölter Gesine , Kouzhani Houra Loghmani , Hu Niandan , Schuett Harald , Tietge Uwe J.F. , Warnecke Gregor , Larmann Jan , Theilmeier Gregor 
Published: June 2015

Myocardial infarction and stroke are frequent after surgical procedures and consume a considerable amount of benefit of surgical therapy. Perioperative stress, induced by surgery, is composed of hemodynamic and inflammatory reactions. The effects of perioperative stress on atherosclerotic plaques are ill-defined. Murine models to investigate the influence of perioperative stress on plaque stability and rupture are not available. We developed a model to investigate the influence of perioperative stress on plaque growth and stability by exposing apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, fed a high cholesterol diet for 7 weeks, to a double hit consisting of 30 minutes of laparotomy combined with a substantial blood loss (20% body weight; 400µl). The innominate artery was harvested 72 hours after the intervention. Control groups were sham and baseline controls. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Serum Amyloid A plasma levels were determined. Plaque load VSMC- and macrophage-content were quantified. Plaque stability was assessed using the Stary score and frequency of signs of plaque rupture. High-dose atorvastatin (80 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered for 6 days starting 3 days prior to double hit. A single dose of an IL-6-neutralizing antibody or the fusion protein sgp130-Fc selectively targeting IL-6 trans-signaling was subcutaneously injected. IL-6 plasma levels increased peaking at 6h after the intervention. SAA levels peaked at 24 hours (n=4, p&lt;0.01). Plaque volume increased significantly with the double hit compared to sham (n=8, p&lt;0.01). More plaques were scored as complex or bearing signs of rupture after the double hit compared to sham (n=5-8, p&lt;0.05). Relative VSMC and macrophage content remained unchanged. IL-6-inhibition or atorvastatin, but not blocking of IL-6 trans-signaling, significantly decreased plaque volume and complexity (n=8, p&lt;0.01),
Using this model, researchers will be able to further investigate the pathophysiology of perioperative plaque stability, which can result in myocardial infarction, and additionally, to test potential protective strategies.
The role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of protein synthesis and muscle mass during immobilization in mice
Authors: You Jae-Sung , Anderson Garrett B. , Dooley Matthew S. , Hornberger Troy A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass contributes substantially to health and to issues associated with the quality of life. It has been well recognized that skeletal muscle mass is regulated by mechanically induced changes in protein synthesis, and that signaling by mTOR is necessary for an increase in protein synthesis and the hypertrophy that occurs in response to increased mechanical loading. However, the role of mTOR signaling in the regulation of protein synthesis and muscle mass during decreased mechanical loading remains largely undefined. In order to define the role of mTOR signaling, we employed a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization along with pharmacological, mechanical and genetic means to modulate mTOR signaling. The results first showed that immobilization induced a decrease in the global rates of protein synthesis and muscle mass. Interestingly, immobilization also induced an increase in mTOR signaling, eIF4F complex formation and cap-dependent translation. Blocking mTOR signaling during immobilization with rapamycin not only impaired the increase in eIF4F complex formation, but also augmented the decreases in global protein synthesis and muscle mass. On the other hand, stimulating immobilized muscles with isometric contractions enhanced mTOR signaling and rescued the immobilization-induced decrease in global protein synthesis through a rapamycin-sensitive mechanism that was independent of ribosome biogenesis. Unexpectedly, the effects of isometric contractions were also independent of eIF4F complex formation. Similar to isometric contractions, overexpression of Rheb in immobilized muscles enhanced mTOR signaling, cap-dependent translation and global protein synthesis, and prevented the reduction in fiber size. Therefore, we conclude that the activation of mTOR signaling is both necessary and sufficient to alleviate the decreases in protein synthesis and muscle mass that occur during immobilization. Furthermore, these results indicate that the activation of mTOR signaling is a viable target for therapies that are aimed at preventing muscle atrophy during periods of mechanical unloading.
Being and becoming a spasticity nurse specialist: a reflexive narrative study
Authors: Jarrett Louise 
Published: June 2015

Background: Spasticity is a common neurological symptom that can lead to complex disability, particularly in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). A key role of the specialist spasticity nurse is to support people to effectively manage their spasticity over time by incorporating management strategies into their daily lives. Aim: This article details the process and outcome of a reflexive narrative study in which I researched my practice as a spasticity nurse specialist. Method: A form of narrative methodology, guided reflection, was used as a process of self-inquiry and transformation. Case studies from practice were developed into 29 reflective texts using six layers of dialogue. By studying the 29 reflective texts, a reflexive narrative was constructed that detailed my unfolding journey over 4 years of being and becoming a reflective practitioner and spasticity nurse specialist. Results: The way in which insights into my practice were gained is illustrated through a reflective text on the impact for a person of ‘being measured’. Assimilating insights through the narrative led to an appreciation that people with complex disabilities live in a ‘precarious harmony’—a matrix of highly refined strategies, unique to each person and their family, which allows them to effectively function as a family unit. This can be a fragile state, easily disrupted through life events and health and social care practices. Threading through the narrative is the way the spasticity nurse role was constructed and developed, and how this is now used in practice. Conclusions: Appreciating a person's ‘precarious harmony’ is vital for working towards a therapeutic alliance between the health professional and the person with spasticity. Equally, not acknowledging this state may limit the working relationship, uptake and ongoing use of treatments and novel technologies.
Perioperative hypothermia and surgical site infections part 2
Authors: Mann Alison 
Published: June 2015

Perioperative hypothermia has been identified as an infection risk factor in human literature, however, literature from veterinary counterparts is conflicting. Registered veterinary nurses (RVNs) should always strive to provide the gold standard of care to their patients including when under anaesthesia and in the operating theatre. This can include looking at available evidence for standards of care, in this instance how best to maintain normothermia during the perioperative period. Part one of this series discussed the studies that show the evidence for perioperative hypothermia and its links to surgical site infections (SSIs). This second part of the series explores various methods available to maintain normothermia in the perioperative stage, looking at their effectiveness and how practical they are to RVNs in practice.
Memoirs of a Baha’i in Rasht: 1889–1903
Authors: Hamadānī Mīrzā Yahyā ‘Amīdu’l-Atibbā , Rabbani Ahang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The memoirs of Mīrzā Yahyā ‘Amīdu’l-Atibbā Hamadānī, covering the period 1889 to 1903 is one of the sources for the study of the early Baha’i community of Rasht.2 The author was a physician in Hamadan of Jewish ancestry. He migrated to Rasht in 1889 and in 1926 wrote his recollections of the events and prominent believers that he had encountered in that city. He passed away two years later in 1347 AH3 [1928 CE].
Memoirs of a Baha’i in Rasht: 1889–190312 By Mīrzā Yahyā ‘Amīdu’l-Atibbā Hamadānī
Being Human: The Shaykhiyya
Authors: Lawson Todd 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The word ‘humanism’ can and does mean different things in different contexts. Secular humanism or materialistic humanism is often the demon of religious fundamentalists who see it as the opposite of godliness. Such a simple-minded view is challenged by the teachings of the Baha’i Faith, especially those teachings having their roots in the philosophical theology of the Shaykhi school. Here the human being is a locus of unbounded potential and knowledge precisely because of the unutterably lofty station of firstly, the divine manifestations (who for Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa’i included the Imams) through whom, secondly, God himself is ‘known’ or, more precisely, ‘indicated’.
Creating a Sufi soundscape: Recitation (dhikr) and audition (samā’) according to Ahmad Kāsānī Dahbīdī (d. 1542)
Authors: Papas Alexandre 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A famous Naqshbandī Sufi, Ahmad Kāsānī Dahbīdī, surnamed Makhdūm-i A’zam, had great influence on Islamic practices and thought in the Chinese part of Central Asia as early as the late sixteenth century when his descendants, known as Makhdū-mzāda, conducted missionary campaigns in the Tarim basin. Among the 30 or so treatises that he wrote, two are of particular interest for understanding Islamic soundscapes. The first work is entitled Risāla-yi dhikr, or Treatise on Recitation, and describes the devotional repetition of the profession of faith (shahāda). The second text is devoted to the practice of spiritual audition (samā’). This Risāla-yi samā’iyya is basically a defence of Sufi musical performances. A close reading of the texts shows that the master nourished the ambition to promote a profound and encompassing vision of Sufi practices, which would educate and, at the same time, enlarge his circles of disciples. Despite the later divisions among the Makhdūmzāda branches, and the heated debates on forms of dhikr and samā’, Ahmad Kāsānī’s teaching was an inaugural act that has left a deep legacy for the Sufi soundscape of Xinjiang.
EFECTOS DEL USO DEL SUELO en las PROPIEDADES EDÁFICAS Y LA ESCORRENTÍA SUPERFICIAL EN UNA CUENCA de lA ORINOQUIA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Sanchez David , Pinilla Agudelo Gabriel Antonio , Mancera Pineda Jose 
Published: June 2015

<p><span>Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del uso del suelo sobre la cuenca del caño Camoa, Meta, se cuantificó el contenido de materia orgánica edáfica (CMOE), la densidad aparente y el contenido de agua en condiciones de campo y capacidad de campo. Para ello se extrajeron núcleos de suelo de bosques y pastizales riparios con diferente productividad de hojarasca y se evaluó la relación entre el CMOE y el volumen deficitario de agua mediante regresiones. Así mismo, se identificó mediante trampas de caída la organización trófica de los artrópodos de la superficie del suelo. Debido a sus CMOE superiores al 5%, los suelos con mayor cantidad de hojarasca (alta productividad) presentaron contenidos de agua superiores a los de bosques menos productivos y de pastizales (</span><em>p</em><span> &lt; 0.05 en ambos casos). Las diferencias en el contenido de agua de los suelos de las distintas coberturas evaluadas sugieren que el papel de la escorrentía superficial en los bosques ha sido subestimado. El manejo de cuencas debe propender por el establecimiento de bosques productivos que generen CMOE superiores al 5%, para promover la continuidad y el volumen en la oferta hídrica de los ríos al generar flujos constantes de agua subsuperficial y al regular flujos esporádicos superficiales. La variedad de funciones e interacciones tróficas que cumplen los artrópodos del suelo en los bosques indica que una estructuración óptima de esta comunidad favorecería la conversión de compuestos simples y complejos en humus y por lo tanto la capacidad de retención de agua.</span></p>
Impact of Line Width and Power of Laser on Radio over Fiber System
Authors: Sharma Sakshi , Bhatia Kamaljeet Singh , Kaur Harsimrat 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn order to increase the capacity of the existing optical communication networks advanced modulation schemes are utilized. Keeping this in view, an radio-over-fiber subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) employing ASK modulation technique is proposed. Response of the system is analysed by varying the linewidth and the power of the CW Laser and the optimum value is concluded for the same so as to achieve reliable communication.
Block pulse transform method for linearization of nonlinear SDOF systems
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Hosein , Younespour Amir 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses a linearization technique for a linearizable nonlinear SDOF system based on block pulse (BP) transform. BP transform method is a useful tool for giving a solution of difference equations with less computational costs. The main goal of this work is on reducing the costs of linearizing computation. It is necessary to compare the results obtained using this method with other traditional methods to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Therefore, the efficiency of BP transform method is compared with the traditional equivalent linearization (EL) method, used to linearize nonlinear systems. Two numerical simulations are applied to the Duffing oscillator system to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method based on BP transform. Finally, the results of comparison between existing approaches that have applied to the considered problem depicted the proposed method base on orthogonal functions is able to approximate the nonlinear system’s behavior and shows the superiority of the proposed approach in the sense that it is more accurate by computational advantageous.
Delamination Growth of Piezoelectric Cylindrical Shell with Delamination under Hygrothermal Conditions
Authors: Jinhua Yang , Wenliang Fan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe delamination growth may occur in delaminated piezoelectric shell subjected to external dynamic load and it will further cause structural failure. Based on the variational principle of moving boundary and considering the contact effect between delamination regions, in this paper, the nonlinear governing equations for the delaminated piezoelectric shell under hygrothermal condition are derived, and the corresponding boundary and matching conditions are given. At the same time, according to the Griffith criterion, the formulas of energy release rate along the delamination front are obtained and the delamination growth is studied. In the numerical calculation, the energy release rate and delamination growth of axisymmetrical piezoelectric cylindrical shell are analyzed, and the effects of geometric nonlinear, voltage, temperature and humidity, mechanical load, delamination length and depth, geometrical parameter and boundary condition on delamination growth are discussed.
Characterizing Race/Ethnicity and Genetic Ancestry for 100,000 Subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) Cohort
Authors: Banda Yambazi , Kvale Mark N , Hoffmann Thomas J , Hesselson Stephanie E , Ranatunga Dilrini , Tang Hua , Sabatti Chiara , Croen Lisa A , Dispensa Brad P , Henderson Mary , Iribarren Carlos , Jorgenson Eric , Kushi Lawrence H , Ludwig Dana , Olberg Diane , Quesenberry Charles P , Rowell Sarah , Sadler Marianne , Sakoda Lori C , Sciortino Stanley , Shen Ling , Smethurst David , Somkin Carol P , Van Den Eeden Stephen K , Walter Lawrence , Whitmer Rachel A , Kwok Pui-Yan , Schaefer Catherine , Risch Neil 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Using genome-wide genotypes, we characterized the genetic structure of 103,006 participants in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California multi-ethnic Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging Cohort and analyzed the relationship to self-reported race/ethnicity. Participants endorsed any of 23 race/ethnicity/nationality categories, which were collapsed into seven major race/ethnicity groups. By self-report the cohort is 80.8% white and 19.2% minority; 93.8% endorsed a single race/ethnicity group, while 6.2% endorsed two or more. Principal component (PC) and admixture analyses were generally consistent with prior studies. Approximately 17% of subjects had genetic ancestry from more than one continent, and 12% were genetically admixed, considering only nonadjacent geographical origins. Self-reported whites were spread on a continuum along the first two PCs, indicating extensive mixing among European nationalities. Self-identified East Asian nationalities correlated with genetic clustering, consistent with extensive endogamy. Individuals of mixed East Asian–European genetic ancestry were easily identified; we also observed a modest amount of European genetic ancestry in individuals self-identified as Filipinos. Self-reported African Americans and Latinos showed extensive European and African genetic ancestry, and Native American genetic ancestry for the latter. Among 3741 genetically identified parent–child pairs, 93% were concordant for self-reported race/ethnicity; among 2018 genetically identified full-sib pairs, 96% were concordant; the lower rate for parent–child pairs was largely due to intermarriage. The parent–child pairs revealed a trend toward increasing exogamy over time; the presence in the cohort of individuals endorsing multiple race/ethnicity categories creates interesting challenges and future opportunities for genetic epidemiologic studies.
LAPAROSCOPIC SIMULTANEOUS PARTIAL PERICYSTECTOMY AND TOTAL CYSTECTOMY FOR HYDATID LIVER CYSTS – CASE REPORT
Authors: Stancu Bogdan , Andercou Octavian , Pintea Daniela , Mironiuc Aurel , Pop Dan Alin 
Published: June 2015

Surgery remains the gold standard for the treatment of patients with echinococcosis, despite significant economic costs, advances in medical treatment and interventional radiology; in the past decades there has been a tendency toward laparoscopic surgery.We present a 66-year-old patient, from a rural area, who was admitted to our service complaining of spontaneous and palpatory pains in the right hypocondrium, headaches and dizziness. Abdominal CT scan highlighted 2 round calcified tumors, one of 7.2 cm diameter (VIIIth segment) with liquid densities, and the other one localized higher, with a diameter of 2.3 cm (IVth segment).Under general anesthesia, after the neutralization of the content of the cyst with hypertonic saline irrigation, we performed laparoscopic partial pericystectomy of the VIIIth segment liver cyst and total laparoscopic cystectomy of the IVth segment liver cyst. Postoperative evolution was favorable without biliary fistula formation, postoperative infections or cystic cavities abscesses.Laparoscopic surgery seems to be effective and safe for uncomplicated cysts in accessible segments of the liver, combined with adjuvant albendazole therapy to reduce complications and postoperative morbidity, but the procedure has its own disadvantages such as a limited area of surgical manipulation.
Effects of combination therapy: somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists on GH and IGF1 levels in acromegaly
Authors: Valea Ana , Ghervan Cristina , Carsote Mara , Morar Andra , Iacob Iulia , Tomesc Florica , Pop Dan Dumitru , Georgescu Carmen 
Published: June 2015

Background and aims. Acromegaly is a complex endocrine disorder caused by excessive secretion of GH, secondary to a GH secreting pituitary adenoma or a mixed pituitary adenoma secreting GH and PRL.Methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy: dopamine agonist and somatostatin analogue on GH and IGF1 levels in a group of 30 patients with acromegaly. Cabergoline in a dose of 2 mg/week and 4 mg/week respectively was associated with Sandostatin LAR in a dose of 20 mg/month and 30 mg/months respectively. Eight patients were treated with Lanreotide 30 mg/week and Cabergoline 2 mg/week and 3 patients were treated with Bromocriptine 10 mg/day and Sandostatin LAR 30 mg/month.Results. Combination therapy: Cabergoline and Sandostatin achieved normal levels of IGF1 in 32% of the patients, better results being obtained after 12 months of treatment in the group treated with 4 mg Cabergoline/week. In 37% of cases the levels of IGF1 decreased by 50% after 12 months of treatment. In the group treated with Cabergoline and Somatuline a normal level of IGF1 was achieved in 25% of patients after 12 months of treatment. The outcome for the group treated with Sandostatin and Bromocriptine was similar to that obtained under Cabergoline 2 mg/week. There was no significant correlation between the level of GH and the type or dose of dopamine agonist used.Conclusions. In conclusion, combination therapy consisting of dopamine agonist and somatostatin analogue achieves a significant reduction of IGF1 levels in patients with mixed adenomas secreting GH and PRL. A decrease in IGF1 levels is directly correlated with the dose of Cabergoline used.
In vitro evaluation of root canal preparation with two rotary instrument systems – Pro Taper and Hero Shaper
Authors: Pentelescu Carola , Colceriu Loredana , Pastrav Ovidiu , Culic Carina , Chisnoiu Radu 
Published: June 2015

Background and aims. The purpose of this study was to compare several parameters of root canal preparation using two different rotary Nickel-Titanium instruments: Pro-Taper (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagigues, Switzerland) and Hero-Shaper (Micro Mega, Besancon, France).Methods. Twelve extracted maxillary premolars were randomly divided into two groups and embedded into a muffle system. All root canals were prepared to size 25 using Pro-Taper or Hero-Shaper rotary instruments. The following parameters were evaluated: root canal form, centering capacity of the instrument, the presence of residual dentinal debris and smear layer on the root canal walls, working time and the occurrence of intraoperative accidents. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test (p=0.05).Results. The majority of the root canals prepared with Hero Shaper (88.89%) and ProTaper (77.78%) showed a round or oval cross-section postoperatively. Superposition of pre- and postoperative photographs of the cross-sections showed that for the coronal third of the root canals the Hero Shaper performed in a superior manner, while for the apical third better results were obtained with the Pro Taper system. Cleanliness of the root canal walls was investigated under the SEM, in the middle third of the canal, using a five-score system for debris and smear layer. For debris Hero Shaper and Pro Taper rotary systems achieved 66.67% and 50% scores of 1 or 2, respectively. The results for the smear layer were similar: cleaner root canal walls were found after preparation with Hero Shaper (66.67% scores 1, 2), followed by Pro Taper (50%). Mean working time was shorter for Hero Shaper (124s) than for Pro Taper (184s); the difference was not significant.Conclusions. Within the limits of this study, both systems had almost the same cleaning ability and excellent centering capacity.