bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative roles of dispersal dynamics and competition in determining the isotopic niche breadth of a wetland fish
Authors: ABBEY‐LEE ROBIN N. , GAISER EVELYN E. , TREXLER JOEL C. 
Published: December 2012

Summary1. The niche variation hypothesis predicts that among‐individual variation in niche use will increase in the presence of intraspecific competition and decrease in the presence of interspecific competition. We sought to determine whether the local isotopic niche breadth of fish inhabiting a wetland was best explained by competition for resources and the niche variation hypothesis, by dispersal of individuals from locations with different prey resources or by a combination of the two. We analysed stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as indices of feeding niche and compared metrics of within‐site spread to characterise site‐level isotopic niche breadth. We then evaluated the explanatory power of competing models of the direct and indirect effects of several environmental variables spanning gradients of disturbance, competition strength and food availability on among‐individual variation of the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).2. The Dispersal model posits that only the direct effect of disturbance (i.e. changes in water level known to induce fish movement) influences among‐individual variation in isotopic niche. The Partitioning model allows for only direct effects of local food availability on among‐individual variation. The Combined model allows for both hypotheses by including the direct effects of disturbance and food availability.3. A linear regression of the Combined model described more variance than models limited to the variables of either the Dispersal or Partitioning models. Of the independent variables considered, the food availability variable (per cent edible periphyton) explained the most variation in isotopic niche breadth, followed closely by the disturbance variable (days since last drying event).4. Structural equation modelling provided further evidence that the Combined model was best supported by the data, with the Partitioning and the Dispersal models only modestly less informative. Again, the per cent edible periphyton was the variable with the largest direct effect on niche variability, with other food availability variables and the disturbance variable only slightly less important. Indirect effects of heterospecific and conspecific competitor densities were also important, through their effects on prey density.5. Our results support the Combined hypotheses, although partitioning mechanisms appear to explain the most diet variation among individuals in the eastern mosquitofish. The results also support some predictions of the niche variation hypothesis, although both conspecific and interspecific competition appeared to increase isotopic niche breadth in contrast to predictions that interspecific competition would decrease it. We think this resulted from high diet overlap of co‐occurring species, most of which consume similar macroinvertebrates.
Ecological traits and environmental affinity explain Red Sea fish introduction into the Mediterranean
Authors: Belmaker Jonathan , Parravicini Valeriano , Kulbicki Michel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlien species are considered one of the prime threats to biodiversity, driving major changes in ecosystem structure and function. Identifying the traits associated with alien introduction has been largely restricted to comparing indigenous and alien species or comparing alien species that differ in abundance or impact. However, a more complete understanding may emerge when the entire pool of potential alien species is used as a control, information that is rarely available. In the eastern Mediterranean, the marine environment is undergoing an unparalleled species composition transformation, as a flood of aliens have entered from the Red Sea following the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. In this study, we compile data on species traits, geographical distribution, and environmental affinity of the entire pool of reef‐associated fish species in the Red Sea and more generally across the Indo‐Pacific. We use this extensive data to identify the prime characteristics separating Red Sea species that have become alien in the Mediterranean from those that have not. We find that alien species occupy a larger range of environments in their native ranges, explaining their ability to colonize the seasonal Mediterranean. Red Sea species that naturally experience high maximum temperatures in their native range have a high probability of becoming alien. Thus, contrary to predictions of an accelerating number of aliens following increased water temperatures, hotter summers in this region may prevent the establishment of many alien species. We further find that ecological trait diversity of alien species is substantially more evenly spaced and more divergent than random samples from the pool of Red Sea species, pointing at additional processes, such as competition, promoting ecological diversity among alien species. We use these results to provide a first quantitative ranking of the potential of Red Sea species to become established in the eastern Mediterranean.
Activity‐based kinase profiling of approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kitagawa Daisuke , Yokota Koichi , Gouda Masaki , Narumi Yugo , Ohmoto Hiroshi , Nishiwaki Eiji , Akita Kensaku , Kirii Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2012

The specificities of nine approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib) were determined by activity‐based kinase profiling using a large panel of human recombinant active kinases. This panel consisted of 79 tyrosine kinases, 199 serine/threonine kinases, three lipid kinases, and 29 disease‐relevant mutant kinases. Many potential targets of each inhibitor were identified by kinase profiling at the Km for ATP. In addition, profiling at a physiological ATP concentration (1 mm) was carried out, and the IC50 values of the inhibitors against each kinase were compared with the estimated plasma‐free concentration (calculated from published pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma Ctrough and Cmax values). This analysis revealed that the approved kinase inhibitors were well optimized for their target kinases. This profiling also implicates activity at particular off‐target kinases in drug side effects. Thus, large‐scale kinase profiling at both Km and physiological ATP concentrations could be useful in characterizing the targets and off‐targets of kinase inhibitors.
Effects on caregiver burden of education related to home care in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Mollaoğlu Mukadder , Kayataş Mansur , Yürügen Birsen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCaring for a patient undergoing hemodialysis is highly stressful and can negatively affect a caregiver's physical and psychological well‐being. This study was conducted to examine the effect of educational support concerning caregiver burden and given to the caregivers of hemodialysis patients. This experimental study was performed with 122 caregivers. Patients' data were collected by means of Personal Information Form and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Characteristics of caregivers of hemodialysis patients were analyzed descriptively in terms of frequencies and percentages for categorical data, means, and standard deviations. Mann‐Whitney U test, Kruskall‐Wallis test, and percentages were used in the data analysis. The mean ZCBS score was 52.1 ± 8.6 (range, 0–88). Among the caregivers, the mean score of the ZCBS was significantly higher in women, single, young, family relatives as “daughter/sister/brother/daughter‐in‐law and town/district, high educational level (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean score of the ZCBS was significantly higher in caregivers who have health problems/diseases. In addition, this study explored the educational needs of home‐based such as nutrition (35.2%), dialysis (27.8%), fistula care (20.4%), catheter care (18.8%), the information about chronic kidney disease (18.0%), blood pressure (17.2%), weight control (17.2%), hygiene (3.1%), and travel/exercise (6.5%). The post‐educational mean scores (55.0 ± 7.6) of caregiver burden were observed to be lower than the pre‐educational scores (43.9 ± 5.2), and the difference was found to be statistically significant. The home‐based educational program demonstrated a decrease in the burden of hemodialysis caregivers.
Modelling changes in anthocyanins, total vitamin C and colour as a consequence of peracetic acid washing disinfection of two cultivars of strawberries for fresh‐cut processing
Authors: Van de Velde Franco , Piagentini Andrea M. , Güemes Daniel R. , Pirovani María E. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe aim of the study was to quantify and model the retention of total anthocyanins (TAR), ascorbic acid (AAR) and total vitamin C (Vit C), and the colour changes of fresh‐cut strawberries after washing disinfection with peracetic acid (PAA) at different concentrations (0–100 mg L−1), times (10–120 s) and temperatures (4–40 °C). Two strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and Selva) were used. TAR (%) and AAR (%) were principally affected by PAA concentration and processing time in both cultivars. There was an approximately 90% Vit C retention at any condition in the experimental domain for Camarosa cultivar. However, in the case of Selva cultivar, total vitamin C retention and colour changes were affected by the processing variables.
Nutritional composition and sensory attributes of Alaskan flatfishes compared to plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
Authors: Karl Horst , Manthey‐Karl Monika , Ostermeyer Ute , Lehmann Ines , Wagner Hubertus 
Published: December 2012

SummaryProximate composition, fatty acids profiles and other nutritional values were evaluated for fillets of Limanda aspera (yellowfin sole), Lepidopsetta bilineata (southern rock sole) and Lepidopsetta polyxystra (northern rock sole) and compared to North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Additional information is given on the composition of fillets from arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). Plaice (0.8% lipid) and Alaska soles (1.0–1.2% lipid) can be classified as lean species, resulting in low 0.3–0.5 g ∑EPA+DHA/100 g muscle, although the fatty acid profiles of the extracted lipids were characterised by high amount of n‐3 fatty acids (33.2–47.3%). Arrowtooth flounder belong to the medium‐fat species (4.3%). Taurine was the most prevalent free amino acid; mean values ranging between 221 mg100 g−1 and 247 mg100 g−1 wet weight. The selenium content varied between 130 and 310 μg kg−1 ww. Sensory attributes of Southern and Northern rock sole were comparable to plaice.
Effects of hydrocolloids on chemical properties and cooking quality of gluten‐free spaghetti
Authors: Padalino Lucia , Mastromatteo Marcella , De Vita Pasquale , Maria Ficco Donatella Bianca , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe effects of different hydrocolloids on chemical composition and cooking quality of spaghetti based on maize and oat flours were investigated. Rheological and texture properties of the gluten‐free dough were also assessed. Amount of 2% of gellan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, agar, egg protein powder, tapioca starch, guar seed flour and chitosan were separately added to the formulation. The samples enriched with hydrocolloids generally showed a different rheological behaviour compared with the control samples. As regards chemical composition, spaghetti with chitosan showed a value of insoluble dietary fibres (8.0%) higher than the control ones (3.9%). Moreover, results highlighted that most hydrocolloids improved cooking quality and texture properties of spaghetti (adhesiveness, cooking loss, hardness), thus supporting their application in gluten‐free pasta.
Antioxidant and anti‐hypertensive activity of anthocyanin‐rich extracts from hulless pigmented barley cultivars
Authors: Lee Changho , Han Daeseok , Kim Byoungmok , Baek Namin , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAnthocyanin‐rich acetone extracts of barley grain of four hulless pigmented genotypes were investigated to determine their potential as functional food ingredients. The purple barley cultivar contained 11 anthocyanins, whereas only one anthocyanin, peonidin derivative, was observed in blue, black and yellow barley. The total anthocyanin content of pigmented barley genotypes ranged from 3.2 to 678.5 mg kg−1 in whole grain and from 4.5 to 1654.6 mg kg−1 in bran. The purple barley bran extract gave the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity and total antioxidant activity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) of anthocyanin‐rich extract of purple barley grain and bran was 8.77 and 4.54 mg mL−1, respectively. Purple barley appears to have great potential uses for the promotion of human health and development of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Quality response of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) during cold storage to postharvest cap stem excision and hot water treatments
Authors: Sabir Ferhan K. , Sabir Ali 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBerry quality, total phenol, sensory characteristics and decay incidence of grapes (V. vinifera cvs. Müşküle and Red Globe) as affected by prestorage hot water immersion with or without cap stem excision treatments were investigated with 7‐day interval during storage at 1 °C for 21 days. Weight loss occurred mainly up to the second week and was more pronounced for the untreated control samples subjected to the stem excision. In Müşküle, the least weight loss value was obtained from hot water–treated grapes (0.62%), while the highest loss occurred in control grapes of stem‐excised berries (0.96%). Immersion of stem‐retained grapes in hot water was the best applications for maintenance of overall storage quality for both cultivars. According to panellist scores, it is evident that hot water has positive effect on maintaining the minimally processed table grapes without altering the flavour and taste of the commodity. Stem‐retained berries of hot water treatment had the highest score for both Müşküle and Red Globe, with their values 3.8 and 4.2, respectively, while the least values were obtained from stem‐excised berries of untreated control group of both the cultivars (1.9 and 3.0, respectively). At the end of three‐week storage, the least decay rates were determined in stem‐retained berries that received hot water treatment (5.3% for Müşküle and 1.1% for Red Globe). Attenuate influence of brief high temperature exposure on ripening parameters (SSC, TA, MI, pH) was also observed. Postharvest hot water treatment may be used as a nonchemical means to extent storage life of minimally processed grapes with its alleviating effect on physiological disorders. Cap stem retaining in minimal processing can be recommended to maintain the quality of grapes.
The effect of microbial transglutaminase on the immunoreactive and sensory properties of fermented milk beverages
Authors: Wróblewska Barbara , Kaliszewska‐Suchodoła Anna , Kołakowski Piotr , Troszyńska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2012

SummaryFermented beverages were produced through the milk fermentation (at 37 °C and 42 °C) by yoghurt bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus and simultaneous addition of microbial transglutaminase (m‐TG). The results proved that the addition of m‐TG enzyme and storage at 4 °C for 28 days caused a significant reduction in the immunoreactivity of caseins in yoghurt produced at 37 °C and did not decreased their sensory quality. The reaction between yoghurt proteins and antibodies towards α‐lactalbumin (α‐la) and β‐lactoglobulin (β‐lg) was not observed. The results of yoghurt produced at 42 °C were different, and the reduction of κ‐casein only and the lack of β‐lg immunoreactivity was noticed. Statistically significant attributes, which differentiated the sensory profiles of yoghurts, were descriptors of taste (yoghurty, creamy) and mouth‐feel (density, creaminess and smoothness). The quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) results were confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Two components (PC1, PC2) explain 90.68% of the variation of the sensory qualities of the yoghurts.
French Fries oleuropein content during the successive deep frying in oils enriched with an olive leaf extract
Authors: Chiou Antonia , Kalogeropoulos Nick , Efstathiou Panayiota , Papoutsi Meropi , Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryOlive oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil were enriched with an olive (Olea Europaea) leaf extract rich in oleuropein at a supplementation level of 100 mg total phenolics per kg oil. Supplemented oils were used for deep frying of potatoes for eight successive frying sessions without replenishment under domestic frying conditions. Supplemented oils contained oleuropein while deep frying resulted in a gradual decrease in oils oleuropein content. After the eighth successive frying, oleuropein was still detected in oils, its retention being 3.2–12.4%. Deep frying of potatoes in supplemented oils succeeded in preparing French fries containing oleuropein even after eight successive fryings. Contrary to the oil type, the number of frying sessions affected potatoes oleuropein content. Oleuropein intake by consuming French fries deep‐fried in enriched oils was approximately ten times higher in potatoes prepared in the first frying session as compared to the respective intake after the eighth frying.
Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of a novel chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate
Authors: Woo Ji‐Young , Je Jae‐Young 
Published: December 2012

SummaryA novel chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate was developed by conjugating phloroglucinol onto a chitosan backbone. The chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate was characterised by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the NMR spectra confirmed the conjugation. Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate were investigated. The chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate showed strong 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power compared with those of the unmodified chitosan (P < 0.05). The formation of malondiadehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in a linoleic acid emulsion was 30.56 μM in the absence of the chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate after 4 days incubation, whereas MDA was 4.14 μM in the presence of the chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate (P < 0.05). The activity was higher than that of ascorbic acid, which is currently used as a food preservative. Moreover, the chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate inhibited 56.30% tyrosinase activity, which is responsible for browning of foods, and acted as non‐competitive inhibitor. Taken together, the chitosan–phloroglucinol conjugate may have potential for application in functional foods and/or as a food preservative.
Performance evaluation of the Abbott CELL‐DYN Emerald for use as a bench‐top analyzer in a research setting
Authors: Khoo T.‐L. , Xiros N. , Guan F. , Orellana D. , Holst J. , Joshua D. E. , Rasko J. E. J. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe CELL‐DYN Emerald is a compact bench‐top hematology analyzer that can be used for a three‐part white cell differential analysis. To determine its utility for analysis of human and mouse samples, we evaluated this machine against the larger CELL‐DYN Sapphire and Sysmex XT2000iV hematology analyzers.Methods120 human (normal and abnormal) and 30 mouse (normal and abnormal) samples were analyzed on both the CELL‐DYN Emerald and CELL‐DYN Sapphire or Sysmex XT2000iV analyzers. For mouse samples, the CELL‐DYN Emerald analyzer required manual recalibration based on the histogram populations.ResultsAnalysis of the CELL‐DYN Emerald showed excellent precision, within accepted ranges (white cell count CV% = 2.09%; hemoglobin CV% = 1.68%; platelets CV% = 4.13%). Linearity was excellent (R2 ≥ 0.99), carryover was minimal (<1%), and overall interinstrument agreement was acceptable for both human and mouse samples. Comparison between the CELL‐DYN Emerald and Sapphire analyzers for human samples or Sysmex XT2000iV analyzer for mouse samples showed excellent correlation for all parameters.ConclusionThe CELL‐DYN Emerald was generally comparable to the larger reference analyzer for both human and mouse samples. It would be suitable for use in satellite research laboratories or as a backup system in larger laboratories.
Pertinence of the Sysmex XE‐5000™ parameters: rule of slide review in a context of ‘normal’ lymphocyte count (defined from control and mantle cell lymphoma blood specimens)
Authors: Chhuy J. , Morel D. , Goeddert G. , Magaud J.‐P. , Felman P. , Baseggio L. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIntroductionAs most hematology cell analyzers, the different parameters of Sysmex XE‐5000™ are little informative in the qualitative analysis of lymphoid cells, and especially when the lymphocyte count is below 4 × 109/L (i.e., ‘normal’). The aim of our study was to investigate whether some parameters and/or ‘flags’ not routinely provided by this analyzer, but reachable by operator could be reliable to define rules of slide review in absence of common qualitative and quantitative alarms particularly in case of ‘normal’ lymphocyte count.MethodsBlood samples from 13 mantle cell lymphoma fully annotated cases, and 180 control specimens were studied with Sysmex XE‐5000™ analyzer. All cases did not present any anomalies in common quantitative and structural parameters.ResultsUsing the method of area under the curve and ROC curve analysis, we described a novel threshold of alarm VAL_ABN LYMPH (≥40 instead of 100 defined by Sysmex), as well as a pertinent LyX threshold (≥89). The combination of these thresholds allowed defining a rule of slide review in context of ‘normal’ lymphocyte count.ConclusionAmong the parameters provided by the Sysmex XE‐5000™ analyzer, the combination of the alarm VAL_ABN LYMPH and the LyX value, routinely available on a simple blood analysis appears particularly informative to trigger slide review in a context of ‘normal’ lymphocyte count with a good sensitivity (85%) to detect circulating lymphoma cells and with <1% of false positive results.
Transaction‐Based Intelligent Transportation System (TBITS) Using Stochastic User Utility Model
Authors: Olusina Joseph O. , Olaleye James B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe problem of transportation management has many variables but its solution must be guided by societal needs based on expected benefits and ways of achieving them. Thus transport management can be immensely enhanced and simplified by the use of a geospatial information system. Lagos, the commercial center of Nigeria, has been suffering from traffic congestion for decades. The loss suffered as a result of this congestion cannot be easily quantified economically and socially. This article presents empirical solutions to transportation problems in the Lagos Metropolis using the “Bottom–Top” approach, from “Transaction‐Based” at local government level to “Multimodal” at the metropolitan level. The Stochastic User Utility Model was adopted to estimate the appropriate representation of human heterogeneity, flexibility and variability on mode choice relative to route travel times. The use of Assisted GPS Cameras provides some level of intelligence on the transportation routes. Results obtained include a travel demand survey (household‐based) within a Traffic Zone and Sampled Trip Production/Trip Attraction Analysis based on Modes of Transportation. Geospatial Analysis carried out included Proposed Multimodal Transportation Routes with Transfer Points (TPs) and Incident Facility Management analysis. The synergy of Multimodal and Intelligent Transportation System (MITS) to obtain an integrated Multimodal Transaction‐Based Intelligent Transportation System (MTBITS) will enhance efficient transportation systems for the Lagos Metropolis.