bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interaction between ENSO and the South Atlantic subtropical dipole over the past four decades
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan , Vihma Timo , Sui Cuijuan , Sun Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean, as represented by the Southern Atlantic subtropical dipole (SASD), and SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean, identified by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Contrary to the previously held notion of a weak relationship between SASD and ENSO as suggested by earlier literature, our analysis reveals a substantial inverse correlation between the two. This correlation exhibits significant multi‐decadal variability, which has notably intensified over the most recent two decades compared with the preceding two decades. This intensification in the SASD–ENSO inverse correlation may be attributed to the shift in ENSO regime from predominance of eastern Pacific El Niño to central Pacific El Niño events around the turn of the century. This transition triggers wavetrains that propagate along different paths, consequently influencing the South Atlantic subtropical high and inducing alterations in anomalous SST patterns in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. These findings advance our comprehension of the interactions between South Atlantic and Pacific SST variations, which strongly influence rainfall patterns, particularly in South America and southern Africa. Understanding such teleconnection holds promise for improving sub‐seasonal to seasonal precipitation predictions in these regions.
Propyl acetate protects intestinal barrier during parenteral nutrition in mice and Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Du Jing , Gou Xiaomei , Huang Yong , He Jixin , Lu Xiaoyun , Xie Ming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota dysbiosis induces intestinal barrier damage during parenteral nutrition (PN). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate gut microbiota dysbiosis, luminal short‐chain fatty acids, and autophagy in a mouse model and how these short‐chain fatty acids regulate autophagy.MethodsEight‐week‐old male specific‐pathogen–free mice were randomly divided into a Chow group (standard diet and intravenous normal saline infusion) and a PN group (continuous infusion of PN nutrient solution) for 7 days. Caco‐2 cells were also treated with intestinal rinse solutions from Chow and PN mouse models.ResultsCompared with the Chow group, the PN group exhibited increased Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes, correlating with decreased propyl acetate. In the PN group, intestinal tissue exhibited elevated adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, LC3II protein levels, and Atg3 and Atg7 messenger RNA levels. P62 protein levels were decreased, indicating an increase of autophagy flux in the PN group. In the Caco‐2 cell model, cells treated with PN solution plus propyl acetate exhibited increased Claudin‐1 and occluding along with decreased interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor α compared with those treated with PN solution alone. Propyl acetate addition inhibited the AMPK–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, mitigating the excessive autophagy induced by the PN intestinal rinse solution in Caco‐2 cells.ConclusionPN led to a significant reduction in propyl acetate levels in the intestine, excessive activation of autophagy, and barrier dysfunction. Propyl acetate inhibited excessive autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and protected the intestinal barrier during PN.
Breast cancer‐related lymphedema: A comprehensive analysis of risk factors
Authors: Siotos Charalampos , Arnold Sydney H. , Seu Michelle , Lunt Lilia , Ferraro Jennifer , Najafali Daniel , Damoulakis George , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Mehrara Babak J. , Antony Anuja K. , Shenaq Deana S. , Kokosis George 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer‐related lymphedema is a devastating condition that negatively affects the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. We sought to identify risk factors that predicted the timing and development of lymphedema.MethodsWomen with breast cancer that underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at our institution between 2007 and 2022 were identified and sociodemographic and clinical information was extracted. We used logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for lymphedema and performed cox‐regression analysis to predict the timing of lymphedema presentation after surgery.ResultsWe identified 1,223 patients, of which 161 (13.2%) developed lymphedema within 1.8 (mean, SD = 2.5) years postoperatively. Patients with SLNB had significantly lower odds for lymphedema development (vs. ALND, OR = 0.29 [0.14–0.57]). Patients between 40 and 49 years of age, and 50‐59 (vs. <40 years, OR = 2.14 [1.00–4.60]; OR = 2.42, [1.13–5.16] respectively), African American patients (vs. Caucasian, OR = 1.86 [1.12–3.09]), patients with stage II, III, and IV disease (vs. stage 0, OR = 3.75 [1.36–10.33]; OR = 6.62 [2.14–20.51]; OR = 9.36 [2.94–29.81]), and patients with Medicaid (vs. private insurance, OR = 3.56 [1.73–7.28]) had higher rates of lymphedema. Cox‐regression analysis showed that African American (HR = 1.71 [1.08–2.70]), higher BMI (HR = 1.03 [1.00–1.06]), higher stage (stage II, HR = 2.22 [1.05–7.09]; stage III, HR = 5.26 [1.86–14.88]; stage IV, HR = 6.13 [2.12–17.75]), and Medicaid patients (HR = 2.15 [1.12–3.80]) had higher hazards for lymphedema. Patients with SLNB had lower hazards for lymphedema (HR = 0.43 [0.87–2.11]).ConclusionLymphedema has identifiable risk factors that can reliably be used to predict the chances of lymphedema development and enable clinicians to educate patients better and formulate treatment plans accordingly.Level of EvidenceIII (Retrospective study).
Validating an Evoked Potential Platform for Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Varghese Jordan J. , Shew Matthew A. , Walia Amit , Lefler Shannon M. , Durakovic Nedim , Wick Cameron C. , Ortmann Amanda J. , Herzog Jacques A. , Buchman Craig A. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo validate electrocochleography (ECochG) between an auditory evoked potential (AEP) machine and an established cochlear implant (CI) manufacturer ECochG system.MethodsIntraoperative validation study at a tertiary referral center. Patients included adults and children undergoing cochlear implantation. Intraoperative ECochG was measured with both the Intelligent Hearing Systems (IHS) Duet AEP machine and Cochlear Corporation (CC) ECochG platform. Recording electrodes captured extracochlear measurements through a standard facial recess. Tone‐bursts were presented from 250 Hz to 2 kHz (~110 dB SPL). A fast Fourier transform (FFT) of ECochG waveforms at key frequencies was summed into a total response (ECochG‐TR). Pearson's correlation was utilized to evaluate the relationship between IHS‐ECochG‐TR and CC‐ECochG‐TR after confirming normality.ResultsThirty patients were enrolled with an average age of 67 years (SD 18.8). In the ear that was implanted, mean preoperative pure‐tone average (PTA; 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) was 87.4 dB HL (SD 19.3) and mean preoperative word‐recognition scores (WRS) was 17.0% correct (SD 19.1). There was strong correlation (r = 0.905, 95% confidence interval: 0.809 to 0.954) between IHS‐ECochG‐TR (median 2.30 μV, range 0.1–148.26) and CC‐ECochG‐TR (median 3.00 μV, range 0.1–239.63). Four patients underwent transtympanic ECochG with the IHS system for feasibility evaluation and achieved similar responses.ConclusionExtracochlear ECochG has been predictive of CI speech perception performance. The IHS duet system is a valid measure of extracochlear ECochG for the CI population. Future work will utilize this system for measuring transtympanic ECochG to improve preoperative estimation of CI performance.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Do changes in land use and climate change overlap? An analysis of the World Bank Data
Authors: Spalevic Velibor , Barati Ali Akbar , Goli Imaneh , Movahhed Moghaddam Saghi , Azadi Hossein 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLand use change (LUC), including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, is a major contributor to climate change (CC). This change in land use has impacts on food, water, and energy systems, creating a complex interconnected web of issues. This study aimed to investigate the global link between LUC and CC from 1990 to 2012. Using time‐series data from the World Bank, LUC was represented by irrigated land, arable lands, and forest areas, while CC was represented by CO2 emissions. Moreover, the relationship between economic growth in high‐income and low‐income countries and LUC and CC was examined in this study. Based on the findings of this study, in low‐income countries, the intensity of LUC is higher in comparison with high‐income countries. Meanwhile, CO2 emissions are increasing in middle‐income and high‐income countries. Economic growth is closely related to CO2 emissions in countries with different levels of income. The study indicated that managing land use is of high importance to mitigate CO2 emissions globally. According to the findings, recent LUC has shown more obvious effects on ecological variables than CC. Although LUC is not inherently directly related to CC, humans change land use, especially in terms of land management, to adapt to CC, and these changes will inevitably bring many environmental impacts. This study contributes significantly to advancing the understanding of the complex relationship between CC and LUC, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches in policy development. These measures are crucial to achieving resilience and meeting global CC reduction targets.
A dataset of individual wet weights of benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Hrycik Allison R. , Burlakova Lyubov E. , Karatayev Alexander Y. , Daniel Susan E. , Dermott Ronald , Tarbell Morgan , Hinchey Elizabeth K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomass estimates are crucial for modeling and understanding energy flow through ecosystems. Many modeling frameworks rely on published body weights of organisms to convert density estimates to biomass. However, published body weight data are limited to few taxa in a limited number of systems. Here we present mean individual weights for common benthic macroinvertebrates of the Laurentian Great Lakes from over 2000 benthic samples and 8 yr of data collection. We also compiled wet to dry weight conversions to facilitate data reuse for researchers interested in dry weight. We compared our benthic invertebrate weights to other lakes, demonstrating when weight measurements may be applied outside the Great Lakes. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our calculations. Our dataset is applicable to food web energy flow models, calculation of secondary production, interpretation of trophic markers, and for understanding how biomass distribution varies by benthic invertebrate species in the Great Lakes.
Automated machine learning with interpretation: A systematic review of methodologies and applications in healthcare
Authors: Yuan Han , Yu Kunyu , Xie Feng , Liu Mingxuan , Sun Shenghuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has achieved substantial success in performing healthcare tasks in which the configuration of every part of the ML pipeline relies heavily on technical knowledge. To help professionals with borderline expertise to better use ML techniques, Automated ML (AutoML) has emerged as a prospective solution. However, most models generated by AutoML are black boxes that are challenging to comprehend and deploy in healthcare settings. We conducted a systematic review to examine AutoML with interpretation systems for healthcare. We searched four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus) complemented with seven prestigious ML conferences (AAAI, ACL, ICLR, ICML, IJCAI, KDD, and NeurIPS) that reported AutoML with interpretation for healthcare before September 1, 2023. We included 118 articles related to AutoML with interpretation in healthcare. First, we illustrated AutoML techniques used in the included publications, including automated data preparation, automated feature engineering, and automated model development, accompanied by a real‐world case study to demonstrate the advantages of AutoML over classic ML. Then, we summarized interpretation methods: feature interaction and importance, data dimensionality reduction, intrinsically interpretable models, and knowledge distillation and rule extraction. Finally, we detailed how AutoML with interpretation has been used for six major data types: image, free text, tabular data, signal, genomic sequences, and multi‐modality. To some extent, AutoML with interpretation provides effortless development and improves users' trust in ML in healthcare settings. In future studies, researchers should explore automated data preparation, seamless integration of automation and interpretation, compatibility with multi‐modality, and utilization of foundation models.
Development of tunable mid‐infrared laser at 10–25 μm
Authors: Wang Ke , Zhao Lu , Li Kuan , Niu Chao , Wu Chunting , Yu Yongji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTen to 25 μm‐long‐wavelength mid‐infrared laser has broad application prospects in fields such as military, industrial, medical, and spectroscopy. Currently, lasers capable of emitting 10–25 μm‐long‐wavelength mid‐infrared radiation include CO2 lasers, solid‐state lasers, quantum cascade lasers, infrared supercontinuum light sources, and free electron lasers. This review summarizes the development status of these five types of lasers, providing a detailed analysis and summary of their operating principles, advantages, limitations, and future outlooks. The aim is to offer valuable reference information for related research and to promote the further development and application of tunable mid‐infrared laser at 10–25 μm.
Quantitative analysis of selected alkaloids of Mitragyna speciosa using 1H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Garba Suleiman Abubakar , Shaari Khozirah , Abdul Manap Mohd Rashidi , Lee Soo Yee , Abdulazeez Isah , Mohd Faudzi Siti Munirah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMitragyna speciosa is a perennial plant native to Asia, well known for its psychoactive properties. Its major alkaloid mitragynine is known to have sedative and euphoric effects. Hence, the plant has been a subject of abuse, leading to addiction, necessitating efficient analytical methods to detect its psychoactive constituents. However, current chromatography‐based methods for detecting the alkaloids are time consuming and costly. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy emerges as a promising alternative due to its nondestructive nature, structural insights, and short analysis time. Hence, a rapid and precise qNMR method was developed to quantify selected major psychoactive alkaloids in various parts of M. speciosa. Mitragynine, specioliatine, and speciogynine were quantified in relation to the integral value of the ‐OCH3 groups of the alkaloids and the internal standard 1,4‐dinitrobenzene. The precision and reproducibility of the method gave a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2%, demonstrating the reliability of the method. In addition, the method showed excellent specificity, sensitivity, high linearity range (R2 = 0.999), and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values. The analysis revealed that the red‐veined M. speciosa leaves contained higher levels of mitragynine (32.34 mg/g), specioliatine (16.84 mg/g) and speciogynine (7.69 mg/g) compared to the green‐veined leaves, stem bark, or fruits.
On the impact of B0 shimming algorithms on single‐voxel MR spectroscopy
Authors: Vejdani Afkham Behrouz , Alonso‐Ortiz Eva 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of different B0 shimming algorithms on MRS.MethodsB0 field maps and single‐voxel MR spectroscopy were acquired in the prefrontal cortex of five volunteers at 3 T using five different B0 shimming approaches. B0 shimming was achieved using Siemens' proprietary shim algorithm, in addition to the Pseudo‐Inverse (PI), Quadratic Programming (QuadProg), Least Squares (LSq), and Gradient optimization (Grad) algorithms. The standard deviation of the shimmed B0 field, as well as the SNR and FWHM of the measured metabolites, was used to evaluate the performance of each B0 shimming algorithm.ResultsCompared to Siemens's shim, significant reductions (p < 0.01) in the standard deviation of the B0 field distribution within the MRS voxel were observed for the PI, QuadProg, and Grad algorithms (3.8 Hz, 7.3 Hz, and 3.9 Hz respectively, compared to 11.5 Hz for Siemens), but not for the LSq (12.9 Hz) algorithm. Moreover, significantly increased SNR and reduced FWHM for the N‐acetylaspartate metabolite were consistent with the improvement in B0 homogeneity for the aforementioned shimming algorithms.ConclusionHere, we demonstrate that the choice of B0 shimming algorithm can have a significant impact on the quality of MR spectra and that significant improvements in spectrum quality could be achieved by using alternatives to the default vendor approach.
Run‐time motion and first‐order shim control by expanded servo navigation
Authors: Riedel Malte , Ulrich Thomas , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo provide a navigator‐based run‐time motion and first‐order field correction for three‐dimensional human brain imaging with high precision, minimal calibration and acquisition, and fast processing.MethodsA complex‐valued linear perturbation model with feedback control is extended to estimate and correct for gradient shim fields using orbital navigators (2.3 ms). Two approaches for sensitizing the model to gradient fields are presented, one based on finite differences with three additional navigators, and another projection‐based approximation requiring no additional navigators. A mechanism for noise decorrelation of the matrix and the data is proposed and evaluated to reduce unwanted parameter biases.ResultsThe rigid motion and first‐order field control achieves robust motion and gradient shim corrections improving image quality in a series of phantom and in vivo experiments with varying field conditions. In phantom scans, magnet drifts, forced gradient field perturbations and field distortions from shifts of a second bottle phantom are successfully corrected. Field estimates of the magnet drifts are in good agreement with concurrent field probe measurements. For in vivo scans, the proposed method mitigates field variations from torso motions while being robust to head motion. In vivo gradient field precisions were along with single‐digit micrometer and millidegree rigid precisions.ConclusionThe navigator‐based method achieves accurate, high‐precision run‐time motion and field corrections with low sequence impact and calibration requirements.
Reproducible and highly miniaturized bazooka RF Balun using a printed capacitor
Authors: Lu Ming , Yang Yijin , Chai Shuyang , Yan Xinqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThere is currently a strong trend in developing RF coils that are high‐density, lightweight, and highly flexible. In addition to the resonator structure of the RF coil itself, the balun or cable trap circuit serves as another essential element in the functionality and sensitivity of RF coils. This study explores the development and application of reproducible highly miniaturized baluns in RF coil design.MethodsWe introduce a novel approach to producing Bazooka baluns with printed coaxial capacitors, enabling the achievement of significant capacitance per unit length. Rigorous electromagnetic simulations and thorough hardware fabrication validate the efficacy of the proposed design across various magnetic field strengths, including 1.5 T, 3 T, and 7 T MRI systems.ResultsBench testing reveals that the proposed balun can achieve an acceptable common‐mode rejection ratio even when it is highly miniaturized. The use of printed capacitors allows for a notable reduction in balun length and ensures high reproducibility. Findings demonstrate that the proposed balun exhibits no RF field distortion even when placed close to the sample, making it suitable for flexible coils, wearable coils, and high‐density coils, particularly in high‐field MRI.ConclusionThe reproducibility inherent in the manufacturing process of printed coaxial capacitors allows for simple fabrication and ensures consistency in production. These advancements pave the way for the development of flexible coils, wearable coils, and high‐density coils.
Imaging arterial and venous vessels using Iron Dextran enhanced multi‐echo 3D gradient echo MRI at 7T
Authors: Li Yinghao , Li Wei , Paez Adrian , Cao Di , Sun Yuanqi , Gu Chunming , Zhang Kaihua , Miao Xinyuan , Liu Peiying , Li Wenbo , Pillai Jay J. , Lu Hanzhang , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Earley Christopher , Li Xu , Hua Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIron Dextran is a widely used iron oxide compound to treat iron‐deficiency anemia patients in the clinic. Similar to other iron oxide compounds such as Ferumoxytol, it can also be used off‐label as an intravascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent due to its strong iron‐induced T2 and T2* shortening effects. In this study, we seek to evaluate the feasibility of using Iron Dextran enhanced multi‐echo susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) MRI at 7T to image arterial and venous blood vessels in the human brain. Phantom experiments were performed to measure the r2* relaxivity for Iron Dextran in blood, based on which the SWI sequence was optimized. Pre‐ and post‐infusion MR images were acquired in human subjects from which maps of arteries and veins were extracted. The post‐contrast SWI images showed enhanced susceptibility difference between blood and the surrounding tissue in both arteries and veins. Our results showed that the proposed Iron Dextran enhanced multi‐echo SWI approach allowed the visualization of blood vessels with diameters down to ~100 μm, including small blood vessels supplying and draining small brain structures such as the hippocampus. We conclude that Iron Dextran can be an alternative iron‐based MRI contrast agent for blood vessel imaging in the human brain.