bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the lateral occipital and parahippocampal cortices to pattern separation of objects and contexts
Authors: Bencze Dorottya , Marián Miklós , Szőllősi Ágnes , Pajkossy Péter , Nemecz Zsuzsanna , Keresztes Attila , Hermann Petra , Vidnyánszky Zoltán , Racsmány Mihály 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Contextual features are integral to episodic memories; yet, we know little about context effects on pattern separation, a hippocampal function promoting orthogonalization of overlapping memory representations. Recent studies suggested that various extrahippocampal brain regions support pattern separation; however, the specific role of the parahippocampal cortex—a region involved in context representation—in pattern separation has not yet been studied. Here, we investigated the contribution of the parahippocampal cortex (specifically, the parahippocampal place area) to context reinstatement effects on mnemonic discrimination, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, participants saw object images on unique context scenes, followed by a recognition task involving the repetitions of encoded objects or visually similar lures on either their original context or a lure context. Context reinstatement at retrieval improved item recognition but hindered mnemonic discrimination. Crucially, our region of interest analyses of the parahippocampal place area and an object-selective visual area, the lateral occipital cortex indicated that while during successful mnemonic decisions parahippocampal place area activity decreased for old contexts compared to lure contexts irrespective of object novelty, lateral occipital cortex activity differentiated between old and lure objects exclusively. These results imply that pattern separation of contextual and item-specific memory features may be differentially aided by scene and object-selective cortical areas.
Boolean map and object reconcile as the unit of visual working memory
Authors: Zhu Ping , Qiu Yiheng , Shen Mowei , Huang Liqiang , Chen Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The unit of visual working memory is a fundamental issue under debate in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience, with some traditional research suggesting that it is an object, while other recent studies demonstrating that a Boolean map offers a better account. The controversy surrounding the unit of visual working memory often centers on the representation of objects consist of same dimensional features (e.g. bicolor objects). For 2 colors in a bicolor object, some behavioral studies have suggested that they need to be represented by separate units, while some other studies using electrophysiological measures have found that they can be represented within a single unit. This apparent conflict hints that Boolean map and object may reconcile as the unit of visual working memory. Adopting the contralateral delay activity as an electrophysiological marker of visual working memory, experiments 1 and 2 consistently found that the contralateral delay activity amplitude for memorizing bicolor circles at P7/P8 conformed the Boolean map-based storage throughout the whole maintenance, while the contralateral delay activity amplitude at P3/P4 just conformed the object-based storage during the early period. It suggests though Boolean map got stronger supporting evidence than object, they 2 may coexist as the unit of visual working memory.
The associations of peripheral interleukin alterations and hippocampal subfield volume deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Yuan , Wu Dongsheng , Yang Xiyue , Tang Biqiu , Xia Chao , Luo Chunyan , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su , Hu Na 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the brain regions most vulnerable to inflammatory insults, and the relationships between peripheral inflammation and hippocampal subfields in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. In this study, forty-six stably medicated patients with schizophrenia and 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The serum levels of IL − 1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 were measured, and 3D high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed. The IL levels and hippocampal subfield volumes were both compared between patients and HCs. The associations of altered IL levels with hippocampal subfield volumes were assessed in patients. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated higher serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 but lower levels of IL-12p70 than HCs. In patients, the levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with the volumes of the left granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GCL) and cornu Ammonis (CA) 4, while the levels of IL-10 were negatively correlated with the volumes of those subfields. IL-6 and IL-10 might have antagonistic roles in atrophy of the left GCL and CA4. This suggests a complexity of peripheral cytokine dysregulation and the potential for its selective effects on hippocampal substructures, which might be related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
European Study of Cerebral Aspergillosis treated with Isavuconazole (ESCAI): A study by the ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group
Authors: Serris Alexandra , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Laranjinha Joana D , Candoni Anna , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Hammarström Helena , Seidel Danila , Styczynski Jan , Sabino Raquel , Lamoth Frederic , Prattes Juergen , Warris Adilia , Porcher Raphaël , Lanternier Fanny ,   the ESCAI Study Group, Danion François , Bonhomme Julie , Couchepin Jade , Cunha Maria R , Maury Inês , Pereira Álvaro Ayres , Ceia Filipa , Lino Rita , Veríssimo Cristina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cerebral aspergillosis (CA) is associated with high mortality. According to the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines, the recommended first-line treatment for all forms of aspergillosis is voriconazole or isavuconazole. However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole in CA.

Methods
We conducted a European multicenter retrospective study of patients treated with isavuconazole for proven or probable CA between 2014 and 2022 and compared the outcomes with those of weighted control groups from the previously published French national cohort of CA, the Cerebral Aspergillosis Lesional Study (CEREALS).

Results
Forty patients from 10 countries were included. The main underlying conditions were hematological malignancies (53%) and solid-organ transplantation (20%). Isavuconazole was administered as a first-line treatment to 10 patients, primarily in combination therapy, resulting in control of CA in 70% of these cases. Thirty patients received isavuconazole after a median of 65 days on another therapy, mostly because of side effects (50%) or therapeutic failure (23%) of the previous treatment. Predominantly given as monotherapy, it achieved control of CA in 73% of the patients. Seventeen patients (43%) underwent neurosurgery. When measured, isavuconazole levels were low in cerebrospinal fluid but adequate in serum and brain tissue. Isavuconazole toxicity led to treatment interruption in 7.5% of the patients. Twelve-week mortality was 18%. Comparison with the CEREALS cohort showed comparable survival in patients receiving isavuconazole or voriconazole as a first-line treatment.

Conclusions
Isavuconazole appears to be a well-tolerated treatment. Mortality of CA treated with isavuconazole is similar to that reported with voriconazole.
Illicit Fentanyl Use and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tijuana and San Diego: Results From a Binational Cohort Study
Authors: Friedman Joseph R , Abramovitz Daniela , Skaathun Britt , Rangel Gudelia , Harvey-Vera Alicia , Vera Carlos F , Artamonova Irina , Muñoz Sheryl , Martin Natasha K , Eger William H , Bailey Katie , Go Bo-Shan , Bourgois Philippe , Strathdee Steffanie A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Diego, California and Tijuana, Mexico.

Methods
PWID were recruited during 2020–2022, undergoing semi-annual interviewer-administered surveys and HIV and HCV serological rapid tests through 2024. Cox regression was conducted to examine predictors of seroconversion considering self-reported IMF use as a 6-month lagged, time-dependent covariate.

Results
Of 398 PWID at baseline, 67% resided in San Diego, 70% were male, median age was 43 years, 42% reported receptive needle sharing, and 25% reported using IMF. HCV incidence was 14.26 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.49–17.02), and HIV incidence was 1.29 (95% CI: .49–2.10). IMF was associated with HCV seroconversion, with a univariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09–2.40), and multivariable HR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03–2.40). The direction of the relationship with HIV was similar, albeit not significant (HR 2.39; 95% CI: .66–8.64).

Conclusions
We document a novel association between IMF and HCV seroconversion among PWID in Tijuana–San Diego. Few HIV seroconversions (n = 10) precluded our ability to assess if a similar relationship held for HIV. IMF's short half-life may destabilize PWID—increasing the need for repeat dosing and sharing smoking materials and syringes. New preventive care approaches may reduce HCV transmission in the fentanyl era.
Digital propaganda is not simply propaganda in digital garb: toward an expanded theory of propaganda
Authors: Lin Chunfeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Drawing on a critical review of the existing literature on computational propaganda and disinformation, and employing a three-stage process—addressing the “New Wine in Old Bottles” problem, extracting foundational concepts, and constructing a four-pillar framework—this article proposes an expanded theory of propaganda. The theory posits that digital propaganda is shaped by four key dimensions: politico-economic, sociocultural, technological, and socio-psychological, further delineated by the forces of commodification, privatization, connectivity, and virality. Broadening the analytical scope, it encompasses intricate interactions among politics, content, actors, platforms, and goals, recognizing the dynamic complexities inherent in the digital landscape. Furthermore, it sheds light on how commercial interests impact the production and dissemination of propaganda, offering insights into the propagation of popular ideologies such as patriotism and populism. This advances the understanding of digital propaganda’s pervasive impact on political discourse and societal attitudes, encouraging broader global research beyond a focus on state actors.
Sex-related differences in patients with infective endocarditis requiring cardiac surgery: insights from the CAMPAIGN Study Group
Authors: Ackermann Paula , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Weber Carolyn , De La Cuesta Manuela , Lichtenberg Artur , Petrov Asen , Hagl Christian , Aubin Hug , Matschke Klaus , Diab Mahmoud , Luehr Maximilian , Akhyari Payam , Tugtekin Sems-Malte , Saha Shekhar , Doenst Torsten , Wahlers Thorsten , Borger Michael A , Misfeld Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Sex-related differences play a role in cardiovascular disease-related outcomes. There is, however, a knowledge gap regarding sex-specific differences in patients with infective endocarditis (IE)-requiring surgical treatment. This study aims to analyse sex-related differences in the clinical presentation, treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with IE-requiring surgical treatment from the multicentric Germany-wide CAMPAIGN registry.

METHODS
Patients with IE who underwent cardiac surgery between 1994 and 2018 at six German centres were retrospectively analysed. Outcomes were compared based on patients’ sex. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and mid-term survival.

RESULTS
A total of 4917 patients were included in the analysis (1364 female [27.7%] and 3553 male [72.3%]). Female patients presented with more comorbidities and higher surgical risk (EuroScore II 12.0% vs 10.0%, P &lt; 0.001). The early postoperative course of female patients was characterized by longer ventilation times (20.0 h vs 16.0 h; P = 0.004), longer intensive care unit stay (4.0 days vs 3.0 days; P &lt; 0.001), and more frequent new-onset dialysis (265 [20.3%] vs 549 [16.3%]; P = 0.001). The 30-day mortality was 13.8% and 15.5% in female and male patients, respectively (P = 0.06). The estimated mid-term survival was significantly higher amongst male patients (56.1% vs 45.4%; Log-rank P &lt; 0.001). Female sex was an independent predictor of mid-term mortality (HR 1.2 [95% CI 1.0–1.4], P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Male patients more frequently undergo cardiac surgery for IE. However, female patients have a higher surgical risk profile and subsequently an increased early postoperative morbidity, but with similar 30-day mortality compared with male patients. The estimated mid-term survival is lower amongst female patients.
Prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions after diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Hegvik Tor-Arne , Zhou YanYan , Brauckhoff Katrin , Furu Kari , Hjellvik Vidar , Bjørge Tone , Engeland Anders 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about thyroid cancer survivors' risk of chronic conditions. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions among thyroid cancer patients using population-wide register data.

Methods
We linked data from the Cancer Registry of Norway to the Norwegian Prescription Database and other databases for a study population of 3.52 million individuals, including 3486 individuals with thyroid cancer diagnosed during 2005-2019. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of reimbursed prescribed drugs in thyroid cancer patients up to 15 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis were estimated by log-binomial regression, with the cancer-free population as reference.

Results
Individuals (both males and females) with thyroid cancer had higher use of drugs for several chronic conditions in the years after diagnosis; eg, 5 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis, there was elevated use of drugs for hypoparathyroidism (PRmales = 35.4, 95% CI, 25.2-49.7; PRfemales = 42.8, 95% CI, 34.2-53.6), hypertension (PRfemales = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28), anxiety and tension (PRmales = 4.01, 95% CI, 1.80-8.92; PRfemales = 2.01, 95% CI, 1.15-3.52), gastric acid disorders (PRmales = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.22-1.91; PRfemales = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.27-1.66), and pain (PRmales = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.11-1.97; PRfemales = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.08-1.42) as compared with the cancer-free population. In addition, males with thyroid cancer had long-term elevated use of drugs for depression (eg, year 10+, PRmales = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.06-2.59). Individuals with thyroid cancer also had higher use of drugs for several conditions prior to the thyroid cancer diagnosis, eg, hypertension, gastric acid disorders, and pain.

Conclusions
Individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer had elevated long-term use of drugs for several chronic conditions, as compared with the cancer-free population.
The ‘war of images’ between Louis XIV and Leopold I: Jean-Baptiste Lully’s music and Il pomo d’oro in Vienna in 1667
Authors: Burke Devin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current article uncovers a new concordance for an enigmatic dance suite titled Balletti francesi that was copied in Vienna in 1667, showing that all eight dances are arrangements of Lully’s music from Hercule amoureux. This finding has permitted new insights into how and why Lully’s music appeared in Vienna so early. I argue that the unusual titles of the suite, particularly the four dances for animated statues, connect it to the iconography of the opera Il pomo d’oro and to the political rivalry between Austria and France. Statue iconographies in opera and ballet differed between the imperial and French courts as part of complex strategies of monarchical representation. While much remains uncertain about the transmission and performance of the Lully Balletti francesi, the suite opens a new window on how the dominant two states of Europe engaged in strategies of cultural appropriation and political theatre, while mobilizing music within a so-called ‘war of images’.
Same-day discharge vs. overnight stay following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis by the European Heart Rhythm Association Health Economics Committee
Authors: Zylla Maura M , Imberti Jacopo F , Leyva Francisco , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Braunschweig Frieder , Pürerfellner Helmut , Merino José L , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Same-day discharge (SDD) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) may address the growing socio-economic health burden of the increasing demand for interventional AF therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis analyses the current evidence on clinical outcomes in SDD after AF ablation compared with overnight stay (ONS).

Methods and results
A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed. Pre-defined endpoints were complications at short-term (24–96 h) and 30-day post-discharge, re-hospitalization, and/or emergency room (ER) visits at 30-day post-discharge, and 30-day mortality. Twenty-four studies (154 716 patients) were included. Random-effects models were applied for meta-analyses of pooled endpoint prevalence in the SDD cohort and for comparison between SDD and ONS cohorts. Pooled estimates for complications after SDD were low both for short-term [2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1–5%; I2: 89%) and 30-day follow-up (2%; 95% CI: 1–4%; I2: 91%). There was no significant difference in complications rates between SDD and ONS [short-term: risk ratio (RR): 1.62; 95% CI: 0.52–5.01; I2: 37%; 30 days: RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–1.00; I2: 95%). Pooled rates of re-hospitalization/ER visits after SDD were 4% (95% CI: 1–10%; I2: 96%) with no statistically significant difference between SDD and ONS (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.58–1.27; I2: 61%). Pooled 30-day mortality was low after SDD (0%; 95% CI: 0–1%; I2: 33%). All studies were subject to a relevant risk of bias, mainly due to study design.

Conclusion
In this meta-analysis including a large contemporary cohort, SDD after AF ablation was associated with low prevalence of post-discharge complications, re-hospitalizations/ER visits and mortality, and a similar risk compared with ONS. Due to limited quality of current evidence, further prospective, randomized trials are needed to confirm safety of SDD and define patient- and procedure-related prerequisites for successful and safe SDD strategies.
Atrial cardiomyopathy revisited—evolution of a concept: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
Authors: Goette Andreas , Corradi Domenico , Dobrev Dobromir , Aguinaga Luis , Cabrera Jose-Angel , Chugh Sumeet S , de Groot Joris R , Soulat-Dufour Laurie , Fenelon Guilherme , Hatem Stephane N , Jalife Jose , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Lip Gregory Y H , Marcus Gregory M , Murray Katherine T , Pak Hui-Nam , Schotten Ulrich , Takahashi Naohiko , Yamaguchi Takanori , Zoghbi William A , Nattel Stanley , Mont Lluis , Akar Joseph G , Akoum Nazem , Althoff Till , Diaz Juan Carlos , Guichard Jean-Baptiste , Jadidi Amir , Kalman Jonathan , Lim Han , Teixeira Ricardo Alkmim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
The concept of “atrial cardiomyopathy” (AtCM) had been percolating through the literature since its first mention in 1972. Since then, publications using the term were sporadic until the decision was made to convene an expert working group with representation from four multinational arrhythmia organizations to prepare a consensus document on atrial cardiomyopathy in 2016 (EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication). Subsequently, publications on AtCM have increased progressively.

Methods and results
The present consensus document elaborates the 2016 AtCM document further to implement a simple AtCM staging system (AtCM stages 1–3) by integrating biomarkers, atrial geometry, and electrophysiological changes. However, the proposed AtCM staging needs clinical validation. Importantly, it is clearly stated that the presence of AtCM might serve as a substrate for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF may accelerates AtCM substantially, but AtCM per se needs to be viewed as a separate entity.

Conclusion
Thus, the present document serves as a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asian Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) to contribute to the evolution of the AtCM concept.
Nitrogen reduces calcium availability by promoting oxalate biosynthesis in apple leaves
Authors: Xing Yue , Feng Zi-Quan , Zhang Xin , Cao Hong-Xing , Liu Chun-Ling , Qin Han-Han , Jiang Han , Zhu Zhan-Ling , Ge Shun-Feng , Jiang Yuan-Mao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
N and Ca are essential nutrients for apple growth and development. Studies have found that Ca content was not low under high N conditions but was poorly available. However, the underlying physiological mechanism through which N regulates Ca availability remains unclear. In this study, apple plants were supplied with N and Ca to analyse the content, in situ distribution, and forms of Ca using noninvasive micro-test technique, electron probe microanalysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transcriptome analysis. A potential interaction was observed between N and Ca in apple leaves. The application of high N and Ca concentration led to a CaOx content of 12.51 g/kg, representing 93.54% of the total Ca in the apple leaves. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that Ca deposited in the phloem primarily existed as CaOx rhombus-shaped crystals. Additionally, high N positively regulated oxalate accumulation in the leaves, increasing it by 40.79 times compared with low N concentration. Specifically, N induced oxalate synthesis in apple leaves by upregulating the MdICL, MdOXAC, and MdMDH genes, while simultaneously inhibiting degradation through downregulation of the MdAAE3 gene. Transcriptome and correlation analyses further confirmed oxaloacetate as the precursor for the synthesis of CaOx crystals in the apple leaves, which were produced via the ‘photosynthesis/glycolysis -oxaloacetate -oxalate -CaOx’ pathway. WGCNA identified potential regulators of the CaOx biosynthesis pathway triggered by N. Overall, the results provide insights into the regulation of Ca availability by N in apple leaves and support the development of Ca efficient cultivation technique.