bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trilayer waveguide grating antenna with offset etching grooves for high directionality and large effective length
Authors: Ji Zhangjie , Shi Yiming , Xia Changquan , Chen Haitao , Cheng Liwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, a trilayer waveguide grating antenna with offset etching grooves is proposed, the trilayer waveguide composed of a diffractive layer (Si3N4) - waveguide layer (Si) - diffractive layer (Si3N4) buried in SiO2 cladding. The inserted Si3N4 diffraction layers effectively reduce the refractive index contrast between the traditional Si waveguide layer and SiO2 cladding, which diminishes the disturbance coefficient of the conventional antenna, resulting in a large effective length. In addition, the offset etching grooves located on the diffraction layers break the vertical symmetry of the antenna, which enhances the directionality markedly. Simulation results demonstrate a directionality exceeding 87% and a beam steering range of 6.9° along the θ axis in a range of wavelength from 1500 nm to 1600 nm. Specifically, at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the peak directivity of the antenna exceeds 96% while the maximum effective length exceeds 4.4 mm.
Familiarity enhances functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain during natural viewing
Authors: Noad Kira N , Watson David M , Andrews Timothy J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We explored the neural correlates of familiarity with people and places using a naturalistic viewing paradigm. Neural responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants viewed a movie taken from Game of Thrones. We compared inter-subject correlations and functional connectivity in participants who were either familiar or unfamiliar with the TV series. Higher inter-subject correlations were found between familiar participants in regions, beyond the visual brain, that are typically associated with the processing of semantic, episodic, and affective information. However, familiarity also increased functional connectivity between face and scene regions in the visual brain and the nonvisual regions of the familiarity network. To determine whether these regions play an important role in face recognition, we measured responses in participants with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Consistent with a deficit in face recognition, the effect of familiarity was significantly attenuated across the familiarity network in DP. The effect of familiarity on functional connectivity between face regions and the familiarity network was also attenuated in DP. These results show that the neural response to familiarity involves an extended network of brain regions and that functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain plays an important role in the recognition of people and places during natural viewing.
State-of-the-Art Review: Evaluation and Management of Delusional Infestation
Authors: Mendelsohn Alexandra , Sato Taisuke , Subedi Ankita , Wurcel Alysse G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Delusional infestation is a condition encountered frequently by healthcare professionals across a variety of specialties in which patients have a fixed, false belief that they are infested with living creatures, such as bugs, parasites, worms, or mites, or nonliving objects, such as fibers. Delusional infestation can be debilitating for patients, who not only present with intense psychological distress and physical discomfort but are also at risk of developing numerous dermatological and psychiatric complications. This condition poses unique diagnostic challenges, as these symptoms can occur secondary to many metabolic or infectious causes, as well as unique treatment challenges, with patients frequently refusing psychiatric care and consequently seeking evaluation by other healthcare professionals. In this review, we aim to use existing literature to provide clinicians in infectious diseases or other specialties with sufficient clinical context and treatment guidance for the appropriate management of delusional infestation.
Effect of zearalenone on the jejunum of weaned gilts through the Epac1/Rap1/JNK pathway
Authors: Liu Heng , Ma Lulu , Fu Jiawei , Ma Xiangyu , Gao Yufei , Xie Yiping , Yuan Xuejun , Wang Yuxi , Yang Weiren , Jiang Shuzhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractZearalenone (ZEN) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strains that is harmful to the intestinal health of animals and is widely present in contaminated crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic target of ZEN-induced jejunal damage in weaned gilts. Sixteen weaned gilts either received a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg ZEN in a 32-d experiment. The results showed that ZEN at the concentration of 3.0 mg/kg diet activated the inflammatory response and caused oxidative stress of gilts (P &lt; 0.05). ZEN exposure resulted in the upregulation (P &lt; 0.05) of the Exchange protein directly activated by the cAMP 1/Ras-related protein1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Epac1/Rap1/JNK) signaling pathway in the jejunum of gilts in vivo and in the intestinal porcine epithelial cells in vitro. The cell viability, EdU-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) were decreased, whereas the reactive oxygen species production and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Caspase3) were increased (P &lt; 0.05) by ZEN. However, ZEN increased the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and decreased the mRNA expressions of Bax and caspase3 (P &lt; 0.05) after the Epac1 was blocked. These results collectively indicated that a 3.0 mg ZEN /kg diet induced jejunal damage via the Epac1/Rap1/JNK signaling pathway.
Asynchronous calibration of a CT scanner for bone mineral density estimation: sources of error and correction
Authors: Dudle Alice , Ith Michael , Egli Rainer , Heverhagen Johannes , Gugler Yvan , Wapp Christina , Frauchiger Daniela A , Lippuner Kurt , Jackowski Christian , Zysset Philippe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The estimation of BMD with CT scans requires a calibration method, usually based on a phantom. In asynchronous calibration, the phantom is scanned separately from the patient. A standardized acquisition protocol must be used to avoid variations between patient and phantom. However, variations can still be induced, for example, by temporal fluctuations or patient characteristics. Based on the further use of 739 forensic and 111 clinical CT scans, this study uses the proximal femur BMD value (“total hip”) to assess asynchronous calibration accuracy, using in-scan calibration as ground truth. It identifies the parameters affecting the calibration accuracy and quantifies their impact. For time interval and table height, the impact was measured by calibrating the CT scan twice (once using the phantom scan with closest acquisition parameters and once using a phantom scan with standard values) and comparing the calibration accuracy. For other parameters such as body weight, the impact was measured by computing a linear regression between parameter values and calibration accuracy. Finally, this study proposes correction methods to reduce the effect of these parameters and improve the calibration accuracy. The BMD error of the asynchronous calibration, using the phantom scan with the closest acquisition parameters, was −1.2 ± 1.7% for the forensic and − 1.6 ± 3.5% for the clinical dataset. Among the parameters studied, time interval and body weight were identified as the main sources of error for asynchronous calibration, followed by table height and reconstruction kernel. Based on these results, a correction method was proposed to improve the calibration accuracy.
Are community oncology practices with or without clinical research programs different? A comparison of patient and practice characteristics
Authors: Altomare Ivy , Wang Xiaoliang , Kaur Maneet , Guadamuz Jenny S , Falk Sam , Xiao Forrest , Meropol Neal J , Zhao Yihua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Expanding access to clinical trials in community settings is a potential approach to addressing disparities in accrual of historically underrepresented populations. However, little is known about the characteristics of practices that do not participate in research. We investigated differences in patient and practice characteristics of US community oncology practices with high vs low engagement in clinical research.

Methods
We included patients from a real-world, nationwide electronic health record–derived, de-identified database who received active treatment for cancer at community oncology practices between November 1, 2017, and October 31, 2022. We assessed patient and practice characteristics and their associations with high vs low research engagement using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models.

Results
Of the 178 practices, 70 (39.3%) events had high research engagement, treated 57.8% of the overall 568 540 patient cohort, and enrolled 3.25% of their patients on cancer treatment trials during the 5-year observation period (vs 0.27% enrollment among low engagement practices). Practices with low vs high research engagement treated higher proportions of the following patient groups: ages 75 years and older (24.2% vs 21.8%), non-Latinx Black (12.6% vs 10.3%) or Latinx (11.6% vs 6.1%), were within the lowest socioeconomic status quintile (21.9% vs16.5%), and were uninsured or had no documented insurance (22.2% vs 13.6%).

Conclusions
Patient groups historically underrepresented in oncology clinical trials are more likely to be treated at community practices with limited or no access to trials. These results suggest that investments to expand the clinical research footprint among practices with low research engagement could help address persistent inequities in trial representation.
Biliary anatomic variant and recurrent acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis in gallbladder remnant in patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Mortenson Dale , Perez Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disorder. ADPKD is not only associated with progression of renal disease, but also several hepatobiliary manifestations. This report is of a 49-year-old female with recurrent cholelithiasis and cholecystitis following subtotal cholecystectomy in the context of aberrant biliary anatomy and ADPKD. There were significant adhesions obscuring the cystic duct, necessitating the second cholecystectomy be performed open. The right posterior hepatic duct was adhered to the gallbladder wall and was perforated while attempting to remove the gallbladder remnant. The duct was repaired over a T-tube, without any subsequent biliary leak. The cystic duct was hugely dilated and impacted with stones down to the junction with the common bile duct, which were evacuated, and the cystic duct was oversewn along with the remnant of the gallbladder wall. The recovery course was unremarkable.
On subreducts of subresiduated lattices and some related logics
Authors: Castiglioni JosÉ Luis , FernÁndez Víctor , Mallea Héctor Federico , San MartÍn HernÁn Javier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Subresiduated lattices were introduced during the decade of 1970 by Epstein and Horn as an algebraic counterpart of some logics with strong implication previously studied by Lewy and Hacking. These logics are examples of subintuitionistic logics, i.e. logics in the language of intuitionistic logic that are defined semantically by using Kripke models, in the same way as intuitionistic logic is defined, but without requiring of the models some of the properties required in the intuitionistic case. Also in relation with the study of subintuitionistic logics, Celani and Jansana get these algebras as the elements of a subvariety of that of weak Heyting algebras. Here, we study both the implicative and the implicative-infimum subreducts of subresiduated lattices. Besides, we propose a calculus whose equivalent algebraic semantics is given by these classes of algebras. Several expansions of these calculi are also studied together with some interesting properties of them.
3D code for MAgneto-Thermal evolution in Isolated Neutron Stars, MATINS: thermal evolution and light curves
Authors: Ascenzi Stefano , Viganò Daniele , Dehman Clara , Pons José A , Rea Nanda , Perna Rosalba 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars is a key element in unravelling their internal structure and composition and establishing evolutionary connections among different observational subclasses. Previous studies have predominantly focused on one-dimensional or axisymmetric two-dimensional models. In this study, we present the thermal evolution component of the novel three-dimensional magnetothermal code MATINS (MAgneto-Thermal evolution of Isolated Neutron Star). MATINS employs a finite volume scheme and integrates a realistic background structure, along with state-of-the-art microphysical calculations for the conductivities, neutrino emissivities, heat capacity, and superfluid gap models. This paper outlines the methodology employed to solve the thermal evolution equations in MATINS, along with the microphysical implementation that is essential for the thermal component. We test the accuracy of the code and present simulations with non-evolving magnetic fields of different configurations (all with electrical currents confined to the crust and a magnetic field that does not thread the core), to produce temperature maps of the neutron star surface. Additionally, for a specific magnetic field configuration, we show one fully coupled evolution of magnetic field and temperature. Subsequently, we use a ray-tracing code to link the neutron star surface temperature maps obtained by MATINS with the phase-resolved spectra and pulsed profiles that would be detected by distant observers. This study, together with our previous article focused on the magnetic formalism, presents in detail the most advanced evolutionary code for isolated neutron stars, with the aim of comparison with their timing properties, thermal luminosities and the associated X-ray light curves.
aeons: approximating the end of nested sampling
Authors: Hu Zixiao , Baryshnikov Artem , Handley William 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper presents analytical results on the anatomy of nested sampling, from which a technique is developed to estimate the run-time of the algorithm that works for any nested sampling implementation. We test these methods on both toy models and true cosmological nested sampling runs. The method gives an order-of-magnitude prediction of the endpoint at all times, forecasting the true endpoint within standard error around the halfway point.
Examining partial ergodicity as a predictor of star formation departures from the galactic main sequence in isolated galaxies
Authors: Smith Fraser M , Thacker Robert J 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Lacking the ability to follow individual galaxies on cosmological time-scales, our understanding of individual galaxy evolution is broadly inferred from population trends and behaviours. In its most prohibitive form, this approach assumes that galactic star formation properties exhibit ergodicity, so that individual galaxy evolution can be statistically inferred via ensemble behaviours. The validity of this assumption is tested through the use of observationally motivated simulations of isolated galaxies. The suite of simulated galaxies is statistically constructed to match observed galaxy properties by using kernel density estimation to create structural parameter distributions, augmented by theoretical relationships where necessary. We also test the impact of different physical processes, such as stellar winds or the presence of halo substructure on the star formation behaviour. We consider the subtleties involved in constraining ergodic properties, such as the distinction between stationarity imposed by stellar wind feedback and truly ergodic behaviour. However, without sufficient variability in star formation properties, individual galaxies are unable to explore the full parameter space. While, as expected, full ergodicity appears to be ruled out, we find reasonable evidence for partial ergodicity, where averaging over mass-selected subsets of galaxies more broadly resembles time averages, where the average largest deviation across physical scenarios is 0.20 dex. As far as we are aware, this the first time partial ergodicity has been considered in an astronomical context, and provides a promising statistical concept. Despite morphological changes introduced by close encounters with dark matter substructure, subhaloes are not found to significantly increase deviations from ergodic assumptions.
Unveiling the purely young star formation history of the SMC’s northeastern shell from colour–magnitude diagram fitting
Authors: Sakowska Joanna D , Noël Noelia E D , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Gallart Carme , Massana Pol , Nidever David L , Cassisi Santi , Correa-Amaro Patricio , Choi Yumi , Besla Gurtina , Erkal Denis , Martínez-Delgado David , Monelli Matteo , Olsen Knut A G , Stringfellow Guy S 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We obtain a quantitative star formation history (SFH) of a shell-like structure (‘shell’) located in the northeastern part of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We use the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History to derive colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), reaching below the oldest main-sequence turnoff, from which we compute the SFHs with CMD-fitting techniques. We present, for the first time, a novel technique that uses red clump (RC) stars from the CMDs to assess and account for the SMC’s line-of-sight depth effect present during the SFH derivation. We find that accounting for this effect recovers a more accurate SFH. We quantify an $\sim$7 kpc line-of-sight depth present in the CMDs, in good agreement with depth estimates from RC stars in the northeastern SMC. By isolating the stellar content of the northeastern shell and incorporating the line-of-sight depth into our calculations, we obtain an unprecedentedly detailed SFH. We find that the northeastern shell is primarily composed of stars younger than $\sim$500 Myr, with significant star formation enhancements around $\sim$250 and $\sim$450 Myr. These young stars are the main contributors to the shell’s structure. We show synchronicity between the northeastern shell’s SFH with the Large Magellanic Cloud’s (LMC) northern arm, which we attribute to the interaction history of the SMC with the LMC and the Milky Way (MW) over the past $\sim$500 Myr. Our results highlight the complex interplay of ram pressure stripping and the influence of the MW’s circumgalactic medium in shaping the SMC’s northeastern shell.
Formation and desorption of sulphur chains (H2Sx and Sx) in cometary ice: effects of ice composition and temperature
Authors: Carrascosa H , Muñoz Caro G M , Martín-Doménech R , Cazaux S , Chen Y -J , Fuente A 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The reservoir of sulphur accounting for sulphur depletion in the gas of dense clouds and circumstellar regions is still unclear. One possibility is the formation of sulphur chains, which would be difficult to detect by spectroscopic techniques. This work explores the formation of sulphur chains experimentally, both in pure H$_2$S ice samples and in H$_2$O:H$_2$S ice mixtures. An ultrahigh vacuum chamber, ISAC, eqquipped with FTIR and QMS, was used for the experiments. Our results show that the formation of H$_2$S$_x$ species is efficient, not only in pure H$_2$S ice samples, but also in water-rich ice samples. Large sulphur chains are formed more efficiently at low temperatures ($\approx$10 K), while high temperatures ($\approx$50 K) favour the formation of short sulphur chains. Mass spectra of H$_2$S$_x$, x = 2–6, species are presented for the first time. Their analysis suggests that H$_2$S$_x$ species are favoured in comparison with S$_x$ chains. Nevertheless, the detection of several S$_x^+$ fragments at high temperatures in H$_2$S:H$_2$O ice mixtures suggests the presence of S$_8$ in the irradiated ice samples, which could sublimate from 260 K. ROSINA instrument data from the cometary Rosetta mission detected mass-to-charge ratios 96 and 128. Comparing these detections with our experiments, we propose two alternatives: (1) H$_2$S$_4$ and H$_2$S$_5$ to be responsible of those S$_3^+$ and S$_4^+$ cations, respectively, or (2) S$_8$ species, sublimating and being fragmented in the mass spectrometer. If S$_8$ is the parent molecule, then S$_5^+$ and S$_6^+$ cations could be also detected in future missions by broadening the mass spectrometer range.
Cabin air dynamics: Unraveling the patterns and drivers of volatile organic compound distribution in vehicles
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhao Minglu , Wang Hengwei , Wang Haimei , Kong Hui , Wang Keliang , Koutrakis Petros , Huang Shaodan , Xiong Jianyin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in vehicle cabin environments, which can significantly impact the health of drivers and passengers, whereas quick and intelligent prediction methods are lacking. In this study, we firstly analyzed the variations of environmental parameters, VOC levels and potential sources inside a new car during 7 summer workdays, indicating that formaldehyde had the highest concentration and about one third of the measurements exceeded the standard limit for in-cabin air quality. Feature importance analysis reveals that the most important factor affecting in-cabin VOC emission behaviors is the material surface temperature rather than the air temperature. By introducing the attention mechanism and ensemble strategy, we present an LSTM-A-E deep learning model to predict the concentrations of 12 observed typical VOCs, together with other five deep learning models for comparison. By comparing the prediction–observation discrepancies and five evaluation metrics, the LSTM-A-E model demonstrates better performance, which is more consistent with field measurements. Extension of the developed model for predicting the 10-day VOC concentrations in a realistic residence further illustrates its excellent environmental adaptation. This study probes the not-well-explored in-cabin VOC dynamics via observation and deep learning approaches, facilitating rapid prediction and exposure assessment of VOCs in the vehicle micro-environment.
Awareness without time
Authors: Frischhut Akiko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, philosophers with an interest in consciousness have turned their attention towards ‘fringe states of consciousness’. Examples include dreams, trances, and meditative states. Teetering between wakefulness and non-consciousness, fringe states illuminate the limits and boundaries of consciousness. This paper aims to give a coherent conceptualization of deep meditative states, focussing in particular on phenomenal temporality during meditation. Advanced meditators overwhelmingly describe deep states of meditation as atemporal and timeless; however, they also report being continuously alert while meditating. I intend to give a coherent interpretation of this apparent contradiction. After introducing some candidate interpretations, I shall argue that during (deepest) meditation, the subject experiences ‘pure duration’ without temporal structure. This, I argue, explains best why meditators describe deep meditation as ongoing but timeless awareness. A central part of the paper will expand on an account of phenomenal duration without phenomenal succession. The conclusion points towards some further avenues of research.