bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business Strategies of Incumbents in the Market for Electric Vehicles: Opportunities and Incentives for Sustainable Innovation
Authors: Wesseling J. H. , Niesten E. M. M. I. , Faber J. , Hekkert M. P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the relation between large car manufacturers’ incentive and opportunity to innovate and their electric vehicle (EV) business strategies. We analyze how environmental regulation and the firm's incentive (measured by net income) and opportunity to innovate (measured by EV asset position, determined from a combination of patent, partnership and prototype data) affected EV sales over the period 1990–2011. During the EV's R&D period in the 1990s, large car manufacturers that were regulated by the full zero emission vehicle mandate developed a significantly stronger EV asset position, but did not sell significantly more EVs than their rivals. During the EV's commercialization period (2007–2011), large car manufacturers with both a strong incentive and a strong opportunity to innovate sold significantly more EVs. Based on these results, the paper offers a typology of business strategies, several managerial implications, and recommendations for policy makers to stimulate sustainable development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Exploring the Relationship between Sustainability Reporting and Sustainability Management Practices
Authors: Pérez‐López Diego , Moreno‐Romero Ana , Barkemeyer Ralf 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThere has been a dramatic uptake of sustainability reporting (SR) and sustainability management practices over the last two decades, in turn raising questions about the relationship between external disclosure and internal practice of corporate sustainability. Previous literature has emphasized the role of external pressures in driving SR adoption. However, as recent practitioner surveys also identify the existence of internal motives for SR, a more comprehensive analysis of this relationship is needed.In order to address this issue, we develop a framework accounting for four company‐level SR configurations, resulting from different levels of importance of external and internal motives for SR. Then, four exploratory cases serve to illustrate these configurations and to describe the respective roles of SR at the company level. As considerable diversity among these SR practices is found, our findings point to the relevance of both external and internal motives in understanding SR contribution to corporate sustainability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Parallel‐optimizing SPH fluid simulation for realistic VR environments
Authors: Huang Chen , Zhu Jian , Sun Hanqiu , Wu Enhua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn virtual environments, real‐time simulation and rendering of dynamic fluids have always been the pursuit for virtual reality research. In this paper, we present a real‐time framework for realistic fluid simulation and rendering on graphics processing unit. Because of the high demand for interactive fluids with larger particle set, the computational need is becoming higher. The proposed framework can effectively reduce the computational burden through avoiding the computation in inactive areas, where many particles with similar properties and low local pressure cluster together. While in active areas, the computation is fully carried out; thus, the fluid dynamics are largely preserved. Here, a robust particle classification technique is introduced to classify particles into either active or inactive. The test results have shown that the technique improves the time performance of fluid simulation largely. We then incorporate parallel surface reconstruction technique using marching cubes to extract the surfaces of the fluid. The introduced histogram pyramid‐based marching cubes technique is fast and memory efficiency. As a result, we are able to produce plausible and interactive fluids with the proposed framework for large‐scale virtual environments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social normalisation: Using marketing to make green normal
Authors: Rettie Ruth , Burchell Kevin , Barnham Chris 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel environmental marketing approach in which the adoption of greener consumer behaviours is encouraged by repositioning them as normal. The research was undertaken in order to help explain the disappointing performance of green marketing initiatives. The methodology was qualitative, with focus groups and a wide range of stimulus materials. The study illuminates the ways in which consumers conceptualise and adopt pro‐environmental behaviours and highlights the importance of consumer ideas about what is normal. The research indicates that consumers are more likely to adopt behaviour and products that they think are normal and that what is regarded as normal changes over time. New activities and products that are initially seen as different, and as outside normal behaviour, can eventually become mainstream and accepted as normal, in a process of ‘social normalisation’. As part of this process, other behaviours, which have been mainstream everyday ways of doing things, can become marginalised over time. The research suggests that companies and policy makers tend to position green marketing initiatives as targeting a green niche and that this inhibits social normalisation and mainstream adoption. Green marketing can potentially play an important role in the social normalisation of green practices and products by portraying these as normal and everyday instead of emphasizing their greenness. The study contributes to understanding of consumer behaviour and the adoption of more sustainable products and practices and identifies practical ways to improve green initiatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer response to interruption features and need for cognitive closure
Authors: Niculescu Mihai , Payne Collin R. , Luna‐Nevarez Cuauhtémoc 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPrior research on interruptions focuses entirely on the process being interrupted and assumes interruption homogeneity. Across two studies, we examine how heterogeneous features of interruptions (i.e., timing, frequency, and perceived pleasantness) and consumer individual differences (i.e., need for cognitive closure (NFCC)) impact consumer response toward a product. We find interruption features have opposing effects on consumer response for consumers high versus low in NFCC—depending upon the perceived valence of the interruption. Specifically, individuals with high NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur late or infrequently. In contrast, those who have low NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur early or perceived to be unpleasant and occur infrequently. The role of interruption pleasantness is discussed in terms of its predictive power for perceived pleasant but not perceived unpleasant interruptions. Finally, study findings are placed within marketing contexts that guide managerial implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The direct and interactive effects of store‐level promotions on impulse purchase: Moderating impact of category familiarity and normative influences
Authors: Shukla Paurav , Banerjee Madhumita 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTMarketing literature conceptually and empirically establishes the direct effects of different variables on impulse purchase. However, the simultaneous interactions between variables influencing impulse purchase are yet to be studied. This paper measures the direct effects of store‐level promotions, brand equity, and price consciousness and also examines the interactive effects of store‐level promotions and the moderating influence of category familiarity and normative influences. The results demonstrate the importance of simultaneous examination of interplay between different consumer and store‐level variables. Collectively, the results provide substantial segmentation opportunities for manufacturers of branded goods and retailers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TiO2–B Nanosheets/Anatase Nanocrystals Co‐Anchored on Nanoporous Graphene: In Situ Reduction–Hydrolysis Synthesis and Their Superior Rate Performance as an Anode Material
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Hu Xianluo , Jiang Yan , Yang Ze , Hu Pei , Huang Yunhui 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA unique hybrid, TiO2–B nanosheets/anatase nanocrystals co‐anchored on nanoporous graphene sheets, can be synthesized by a facile microwave‐induced in situ reduction–hydrolysis route. The as‐formed nanohybrid has a hierarchically porous structure, involving both mesopores of approximately 4 nm and meso‐/macropores of 30–60 nm in the graphene sheets, and a large surface area. Importantly, electrodes composed of the nanohybrid exhibit superior rate capability (160 mA h g−1 at ca. 36 C; 154 mA h g−1 at ca. 72 C) and excellent cyclability. The synergistic effects of conductive graphene with numerous nanopores and the pseudocapacitive effect of ultrafine TiO2–B nanosheets and anatase nanocrystals endow the hybrid a superior rate capability.
Chemical Analysis at Atomic Resolution of Isolated Extended Defects in an Oxygen‐Deficient, Complex Manganese Perovskite
Authors: Ruiz‐González M. Luisa , Cortés‐Gil Raquel , Torres‐Pardo Almudena , González‐Merchante Daniel , Alonso José M. , González‐Calbet José M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA general approach to the structural and analytical characterization of complex bulk oxides that exploits the advantage of the atomic spatial resolution and the analytical capability of aberration‐corrected microscopy is described. The combined use of imaging and spectroscopic techniques becomes necessary to the complete characterization of the oxygen‐deficient colossal magnetoresistant La0.56Sr0.44MnO2.5‐related perovskite. In this compound, the formation of isolated (La/Sr)O and MnO rock‐salt‐type planar defects are identified from atomically resolved High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) images. The location of the oxygen atomic columns from Annular Bright Field (ABF) images indicates edge‐sharing MnO6 octahedra in the MnO planes and the study performed by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) reveals different Mn oxidation states derived from the corner‐ or edge‐sharing MnO6 octahedra environment.
Controlling Electron Rebound within Four‐Base π‐Stacks in Z‐DNA by Changing the Sugar Moiety from Deoxy‐ to Ribonucleotide
Authors: Sannohe Yuta , Kizaki Seiichiro , Kanesato Shuhei , Fujiwara Ayaka , Li Yue , Morinaga Hironobu , Tashiro Ryu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCharge transfer through DNA is of great interest because of the potential of DNA to be a building block for nanoelectronic sensors and devices. The photochemical reaction of 5‐halouracil has been used for probing charge‐transfer processes along DNA. We previously reported on unique charge transfer following photochemical reaction of 5‐bromouracil within four‐base π‐stacks in Z‐DNA. In this study, we incorporated a guanosine instead of a deoxyguanosine into Z‐DNA, and found that electron transfer occurs in a different mechanism through four‐base π‐stacks.
Discovery of 5′′‐Chloro‐N‐[(5,6‐dimethoxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]‐2,2′:5′,3′′‐terpyridine‐3′‐carboxamide (MK‐1064): A Selective Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonist (2‐SORA) for the Treatment of Insomnia
Authors: Roecker Anthony J. , Mercer Swati P. , Schreier John D. , Cox Christopher D. , Fraley Mark E. , Steen Justin T. , Lemaire Wei , Bruno Joseph G. , Harrell C. Meacham , Garson Susan L. , Gotter Anthony L. , Fox Steven V. , Stevens Joanne , Tannenbaum Pamela L. , Prueksaritanont Thomayant , Cabalu Tamara D. , Cui Donghui , Stellabott Joyce , Hartman George D. , Young Steven D. , Winrow Christopher J. , Renger John J. , Coleman Paul J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe field of small‐molecule orexin antagonist research has evolved rapidly in the last 15 years from the discovery of the orexin peptides to clinical proof‐of‐concept for the treatment of insomnia. Clinical programs have focused on the development of antagonists that reversibly block the action of endogenous peptides at both the orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors (OX1R and OX2R), termed dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs), affording late‐stage development candidates including Merck’s suvorexant (new drug application filed 2012). Full characterization of the pharmacology associated with antagonism of either OX1R or OX2R alone has been hampered by the dearth of suitable subtype‐selective, orally bioavailable ligands. Herein, we report the development of a selective orexin 2 antagonist (2‐SORA) series to afford a potent, orally bioavailable 2‐SORA ligand. Several challenging medicinal chemistry issues were identified and overcome during the development of these 2,5‐disubstituted nicotinamides, including reversible CYP inhibition, physiochemical properties, P‐glycoprotein efflux and bioactivation. This article highlights structural modifications the team utilized to drive compound design, as well as in vivo characterization of our 2‐SORA clinical candidate, 5′′‐chloro‐N‐[(5,6‐dimethoxypyridin‐2‐yl)methyl]‐2,2′:5′,3′′‐terpyridine‐3′‐carboxamide (MK‐1064), in mouse, rat, dog, and rhesus sleep models.
Nitrate enrichment alters a Daphnia–microparasite interaction through multiple pathways
Authors: Dallas Tad , Drake John M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNutrient pollution has the potential to alter many ecological interactions, including host–parasite relationships. One of the largest sources of nutrient pollution comes from anthropogenic alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically the increased rate of nitrate (NO3 ‐N) deposition to aquatic environments, potentially altering host–parasite relationships. This study aimed to assess the mechanisms through which nitrate may impact host–pathogen relationships using a fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) parasitic to crustacean zooplankton (Daphnia dentifera) as a tractable model system. First, the influence of nitrate on host population dynamics was assessed along a gradient of nitrate concentrations. Nitrate decreased host population size and increased infection prevalence. Second, the influence of nitrate on host reproduction, mortality, and infection intensity was assessed at the individual host level by examining the relationship between pathogen dose and infection prevalence at ambient (0.4 mg NO3 ‐N*L−1) and intermediate (12 mg NO3 ‐N*L−1) levels of nitrate. Host fecundity and infection intensity both decreased with increasing pathogen dose, but increased nitrate levels corresponded to greater infection intensities. Nitrate had no effect on host growth rate, suggesting that hosts do not alter feeding behavior in nitrate‐treated media compared with ambient conditions. This study suggests that nutrient enrichment may enhance disease through increased transmission and infection intensity, but that high levels of nitrate may result in smaller epidemics through reduced transmission caused by smaller population sizes and increased pathogen mortality.
Morphological development and environmental degradation of superhydrophobic aspen and black locust leaf surfaces
Authors: Tranquada George Christopher , Erb Uwe 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe complete adaxial surface development and degradation due to weathering of two superhydrophobic leaf species with (black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia and bigtooth aspen, Populus grandidentata) and one without (quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides) a protective downy layer of trichomes was followed over one entire growing season using scanning electron microscopy and wetting property measurements. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs illustrate the initial development period of a dual‐scale surface structure consisting of micrometre‐sized papillae and nanoscale wax crystals, which was followed by a period of environmental degradation as nanoscale wax features were subjected to environmental stress. It was discovered that robust micropapillae protect nanoscale wax morphologies in‐between them for quite some time allowing for a high tolerance to wear and erosion. Weather data was used to demonstrate the correlation between cumulative environmental stresses (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind) and the loss of superhydrophobicity at the end of the growing season. Analysis of all binary combinations of the aforementioned environmental stress factors propose that cumulatively hot and humid weather have the most significant impact on degradation of nanoscale wax crystals and therefore result in the final loss of superhydrophobic behaviour. These findings were also tentatively linked to their importance in ecohydrology suggesting that canopy storage capacity, which has been previously correlated with leaf hydrophobicity, of superhydrophobic leaves may fluctuate considerably throughout an entire growing season. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leveling the Playing Field: Fostering Collaborative Governance Towards On‐Going Reconciliation
Authors: Zurba Melanie 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper looks at the potential for collaborative governance for land and resources to become a form of on‐going reconciliation in societies transitioning from past oppression and on‐going social injustice. Structural violence in the form of capacity disparities and policy configuration are explored in order to frame the discussion. Canada and South Africa are presented as two countries that have been going through different experiences in terms of transition, but have had similar experiences in regards to a need to foster new ways of working towards more equitable forms of governance. Here, much like reconciliation, governance is presented as a process, which under the right conditions can lead to relationship building and mutually desirable outcomes. This process creates a platform for establishing common ground, as well as the potential to negotiate solutions to structural violence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Legitimacy in Co‐Management: The Impact of Preexisting Structures, Social Networks and Governance Strategies
Authors: Sandström Annica , Crona Beatrice , Bodin Örjan 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWith the ambition to contribute to the endeavour of co‐management, this paper focuses on the critical aspect of legitimacy and sets out to explain stakeholder acceptance in natural resource governance. A comparative study of five coastal and marine areas in Sweden is conducted. The empirical results demonstrate, first, how the past and the present institutional landscape set the underlying conditions and affect stakeholders’ acceptance of new co‐management initiatives. Second, the results point to the critical function of network governance. Conscious choices regarding what composition of actors to involve, and in particular the inclusion and commitment of government actors, have significant bearing on stakeholder acceptance. Furthermore, deliberative efforts to reframe the process, adjusting the agenda to ongoing collaborative processes and key stakeholder goals, are seemingly as important. Thus, strivings towards legitimate co‐management require skilful manoeuvring of the present institutional landscape as well as deliberate strategies for the evolution of social networks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Environmental Policy Can Happen: Shuttle Diplomacy and the Reality of Reg Neg Lite
Authors: Rinfret Sara , Cook Jeffrey 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn an era of congressional gridlock, innovation and pathways for the future of environmental policymaking are needed. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has long been an innovator in environmental decisionmaking, reconciling stakeholder differences. Yet, with the decline of negotiated rulemaking (‘reg neg’), the purpose of our examination is to offer insights into how a contemporary US EPA creates rules. This exploratory study examines original interview data from actors involved during the creation of EPA rules to suggest that a present‐day EPA uses a new approach, shuttle diplomacy, to develop rules. The findings from our research suggest that this new rule development method can help agencies that might operate in an adversarial environment to reconcile stakeholder differences while writing the language of a proposed rule before publishing a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. We argue that this new rule development model is important for understanding the next generation of environmental rulemaking, not only in the US, but internationally as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Implantable device diagnostics on day of discharge identify heart failure patients at increased risk for early readmission for heart failure
Authors: Small Roy S. , Whellan David J. , Boyle Andrew , Sarkar Shantanu , Koehler Jodi , Warman Eduardo N. , Abraham William T. 
Published: December 2013

AimsWe hypothesized that diagnostic data in implantable devices evaluated on the day of discharge from a heart failure hospitalization (HFH) can identify patients at risk for HF readmission (HFR) within 30 days.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective analysis of four studies enrolling patients with CRT devices, we identified patients with a HFH, device data on the day of discharge, and 30‐day post‐discharge clinical follow‐up. Four diagnostic criteria were evaluated on the discharge day: (i) intrathoracic impedance >8 Ω below reference impedance; (ii) AF burden >6 h; (iii) CRT pacing <90%; and (iv) night heart rate >80 b.p.m. Patients were considered to have higher risk for HFR if ≥2 criteria were met, average risk if 1 criterion was met, and lower risk if no criteria were met. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the groups. The data cohort consisted of a total of 265 HFHs in 175 patients, of which 36 (14%) were followed by HFR. On the discharge day, ≥2 criteria were met in 43 (16% of 265 HFHs), only 1 criterion was met in 92 (35%), and none of the four criteria were met in 130 HFHs (49%); HFR rates were 28, 16, and 7%, respectively. HFH with ≥2 criteria met was five times more likely to have HFR compared with HFH with no criteria met (adjusted hazard ratio 5.0; 95% confidence interval 1.9–13.5, P = 0.001).ConclusionDevice‐derived diagnostic criteria evaluated on the day of discharge identified patients at significantly higher risk of HFR.
The DNA damage response induces antigen presenting cell‐like functions in fibroblasts
Authors: Tang Melissa Li Fang , Khan Muznah Khatoo Nazar , Croxford John Ludovic , Tan Kar Wai , Angeli Veronique , Gasser Stephan 
Published: December 2013

The DNA damage response (DDR) alerts the immune system to the danger posed by DNA damage through the induction of damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules, chemokines, and ligands for activating immune receptors such as lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1), NKG2D, and DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM‐1). Here we provide evidence that OVA257–264‐pulsed fibroblasts gain the ability to activate naïve OT‐I CD8+ T cells in response to DNA damage. The ability of fibroblasts to activate OT‐I CD8+ T cells depended on the upregulation of ICAM‐1 on fibroblasts and DNAM‐1 expression of CD8+ T cells. OVA257–264‐pulsed fibroblasts were able to induce a protective T‐cell response against B16‐OVA cells in a DDR‐dependent manner. Hence, the DDR may alert the immune system to the presence of potentially dangerous cells by upregulating the expression of ligands that can induce the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells.