bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per les comarques de l´Alta Cerdanya i del Capcir (Catalunya Nord): des de la Quingueta d´Ix a Angostrina – Vilanova de les Escaldes, Targasona, Font Romeu, a Mont-lluis i a la Bollosa
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: July 2015

Recorregut realitzat el 6 de juliol del 2014. El recorregut del present itinerari, es desenvoluparà quasi íntegrament pel Sistema Pirinenc; distribuint-se tant per diferents sectors d´aquesta serralada. Així, s´iniciarà a la Depressió de la Cerdanya – Capcir, per entrar després a la denominada Zona Axial del Sistema Pirinenc. Tanmateix, es circularà cap a la fi del recorregut, per les proximitats de la Zona Nord – Pirinenca. Així el recorregut de l’itinerari s’iniciarà a la població de la Guingueta d´Ix (o Bourmadame), per on es farà la primera parada. Després, el recorregut es dirigirà cap al poble de Angostrina – Vilanova de les Escaldes, prop d´on es farà una nova aturada. Després es dirigirà cap a Targasona, Font Romeu i Mont-Lluis. Després, es dirigirà cap el Nord, per tal d´arribar al llac de la Bollosa, per on es farà la darrera aturada d´aquest itinerari. Els trams inicials d´aquest recorregut s’haurà fet per la Depressió de la Cerdanya – Capcir, tot i que haurà transitat prop de la Zona Axial Pirinenca en diferents parts d´aquest recorregut. Així, inicialment es tallaran els materials cenozoics que reblen l´esmentada depressió. Posteriorment, es veuran afloraments de les roques granítiques, així com afloraments dels materials paleozoics, en circular per la Zona Axial Pirinenca.
FDA: Is Off-Label on the Table?
Authors: Pitts Peter 
Published: July 2015

Biopharmaceutical companies have the most complete and up-to-date information about the medicines that they research, develop and manufacture for use by patients.Â However, companies are often unable to proactively share valuable information about their medicines, especially for information that is not contained in the FDA-approved prescribing information (the package insert you often receive with a prescription), with physicians and other healthcare providers.The new FDA draft guidance opens the door for companies to share truthful, scientifically accurate, and data-driven information with healthcare professionals to inform treatment decisions.
The Globetrotting Regulator
Authors: Pitts Peter J. 
Published: July 2015

I am putting in a lot of miles on behalf of international regulatory fraternity.Like Johnny Cash said, â€œIâ€™ve been everywhereâ€ â€” or at least it seems that way. Recently Iâ€™ve visited with government health officials in China (both PRC and ROC), the Philippines, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Russia, Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, Indonesia, Kenya, and many other points in-between. And the only thing thatâ€™s grown more than my frequent flyer miles is my respect and admiration for those over-worked and under-appreciated civil servants toiling on the front lines of medicines regulation. Itâ€™s a global fraternity of dedicated (and generally under-paid) healthcare and health policy professionals devoted to ensuring timely access to innovative medicines and quality generics drugs.Â But, just as in similar Western agencies (USFDA, EMA, Health Canada, etc.), â€œdoing the right thingâ€ is often a battle of evolving regulatory science, tight resources, competing priorities â€¦ and politics.
Combating a Global Pandemic of Weak, Adulterated, and Fake Drugs
Authors: Bairu Menghis 
Published: July 2015

Whether itâ€™s willful counterfeiting, sloppy manufacturing processes, or neglectful handing of drugs in the global supply chain, recent studies suggest the problem of weakened, adulterated, and fake drugs is a growing global issue with deadly consequences. In Africa, the lack of access to innovative drugs makes the population vulnerable to counterfeits and inefficacious copies of medicines that are much needed. This humanitarian crisis rests on policymakersâ€™ steadfastness in each country to ensure the authenticity of the drug supply. Among the steps that should be taken is the restriction of the sale of drugs to pharmacies and hospitals and the prohibition of their sale through street vendors and open markets. There is also an urgent need for post-importation testing to ensure drugs actually contain their active ingredients in adequate strength before they are sold. Â These are necessary parts of a needed comprehensive approach to combating the importation of counterfeit, weakened, and adulterated drugs. Countries have it within their power to protect their populations, ensure the integrity of medications, and restore trust in their healthcare systems.
Divergencias del alumnado y del profesorado universitario sobre las dificultades para aplicar la evaluación formativa
Authors: Romero-Martín Rosario , Castejón-Oliva Francisco-Javier , López-Pastor Víctor 
Published: July 2015

La	evaluación formativa supone un claro cambio en la forma de	plantear la evaluación en la docencia universitaria. Su	aplicación no está exenta de cierta controversia, y sobre	todo de dificultades, que hacen que alumnado y profesorado	tengan distintas perspectivas. El objetivo del presente	estudio ha sido comprobar las divergencias del alumnado y	del profesorado cuando se diseña y se ponen en práctica	sistemas de evaluación formativa. Se ha utilizado un	cuestionario para el alumnado (N=3013) y los informes	elaborados por el profesorado (N=46) aplicados durante el	curso 2012-13. Los resultados muestran que la evaluación	formativa es bastante exigente para el alumnado, aunque	también muestran una alta satisfacción del alumnado con la	misma, particularmente con la calificación. Un inconveniente	que refleja el alumnado parece ser la acumulación de trabajo	al final del proceso, lo cual resulta paradójico y requiere	de una investigación más profunda en el futuro. El	profesorado también muestra una alta satisfacción con este	tipo de evaluación, aunque tengan una mayor carga de	trabajo. Se observan escasas discrepancias entre los dos	colectivos (alumnado y profesorado). En el estudio se	proponen recomendaciones de puesta en práctica en cuanto al	diseño y la planificación para investigaciones futuras. Las	limitaciones se observan en cuanto a la población	participante en el estudio, con el fin de que puedan	generalizarse los resultados.
Patients’ Preferences for Surgical Management of Esophageal Cancer: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: de Bekker‐Grob Esther W. , Niers Eva J. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground
Obtaining insight into patients’ preferences is important to optimize cancer care. We investigated patients’ preferences for surgical management of esophageal cancer.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment among adult patients who had undergone esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma or squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Patients’ preferences were quantified with regression analysis using scenarios based on five aspects: risk of in‐hospital mortality, risk of persistent symptoms, chance of 5‐year survival, risk of surgical and non‐surgical complications, and hospital volume of esophageal cancer surgery.ResultsThe response rate was 68 % (104/142). All aspects proved to influence patients’ preferences (p < 0.05). Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms and 5‐year survival were the most important attributes, but preferences varied between patients. On average, patients were willing to trade‐off 9.5 % (CI 2.4–16.6 %) 5‐year survival chance to obtain a surgical treatment with 30 % lower risk of gastrointestinal symptoms, or 8.1 % (CI 4.0–12.2 %) 5‐year survival chance for being treated in a high instead of a low‐volume hospital.ConclusionsPatients are willing to trade‐off some 5‐year survival chance to achieve an improvement in early outcomes. Given the preference heterogeneity among participants, the present study underlines the importance of a patient‐tailored approach when discussing prognosis and treatment.
An Exploratory Study of Employers’ Attitudes Towards a Clinical Doctorate in Genetic Counseling
Authors: Valverde Kathleen , Mueller Rebecca , Paciotti Breah , Conway Laura 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCreation of an advanced degree in genetic counseling has been considered since the early 1980s. The Genetic Counseling Advanced Degree Task Force (GCADTF) was convened in 2012 to formally explore the potential suitability of a clinical doctorate (ClinD), though employer perspectives of advanced training were not part of the discussion. The conclusion of this group was that the field was not ready to move to an entry‐level clinical doctorate at this time but that further education and research among other stakeholders was necessary (Nagy et al. 2014). In this study, we describe employers’ perspectives on developing a clinical doctorate in genetic counseling based upon thirty audio‐recorded semi‐structured phone interviews that were transcribed verbatim and qualitatively analyzed. Overall, employers expressed concerns regarding the economic viability of ClinD training but envisioned expanded roles for genetic counselors (especially in areas of education and research) and enhanced credibility. While some employers reported that they would provide flexibility and tuition assistance for acquisition of a ClinD, for many employers, support was contingent on perceived value of the degree. Some employers were not clear about the difference between a ClinD and a PhD, suggesting that there is a need for educating employers about advanced degree options for the genetic counseling field. Future research could include investigating employer attitudes about market needs, envisioned roles, and compensation formulas for counselors with a ClinD or other forms of advanced training.
Utilization of Oil Industry Residues for the Production of Rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas indica
Authors: Bhardwaj Garima , Cameotra Swaranjit Singh , Chopra Harish Kumar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the present work, a new strain Pseudomonas indica MTCC 3714 was studied for the production of biosurfactants using various rice‐bran oil industry residues viz. rice‐bran, de‐oiled rice‐bran, fatty acids and waxes. Among all the carbon sources, a maximum reduction in surface tension (26.4 mN/m) was observed when the media were supplemented with rice‐bran and the biosurfactant was recovered using the ultrasonication technique as one of the steps in the extraction process. Biosurfactants were obtained in yields of about 9.6 g/L using rice‐bran as the carbon source. The structure of the biosurfactants as characterized by FT‐IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and LC–MS analysis revealed that the majority of the biosurfactants were di‐rhamnolipids. The biosurfactants produced were able to emulsify various hydrocarbons and showed excellent potential in microbial enhanced oil recovery, as it was able to recover kerosene up to 70 % in a sandpack test.
The Association Between Medical Treatment of Physical Diseases and Psychological Distress After the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Shichigahama Health Promotion Project
Authors: Nakaya Naoki , Nakamura Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Naho , Tsuji Ichiro , Hozawa Atsushi , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectivePhysical disease patients are known to experience high levels of psychological distress. This study examined the association between the medical treatment of physical diseases and psychological distress in the coastal area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data, we studied 3032 individuals aged ≥40 years who lived in Shichigahama, Miyagi, Japan. We examined the associations between 8 medical treatments for physical diseases and psychological distress, defined as Kessler Psychological Distress scale score ≥13 of 24 points. To investigate the associations, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThere were statistically significant associations between psychological distress and medical treatments for myocardial infarction/angina pectoris (odds ratio [OR]=1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0-3.0) and liver disease (OR=3.1, 95% CI=1.0-7.7). The other 4 medical treatments for physical diseases had ORs of 1.3 or higher and were positively associated with psychological distress: cancer, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. The degree of damage to homes did not affect the association between most of the medical treatments for physical diseases and psychological distress.ConclusionsIn the disaster area, most of the medical treatments for physical diseases had positive associations with psychological distress, irrespective of the degree of damage to homes. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:374–381)
Assessment of Emergency Preparedness of Households in Israel for War—Current Status
Authors: Bodas Moran , Siman-Tov Maya , Kreitler Shulamith , Peleg Kobi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn recent decades, many efforts have been made, both globally and locally, to enhance household preparedness for emergencies. In the State of Israel in particular, substantial investment has been made throughout the years in preparing the population for one of the major threats to the civilian population—a rapidly deteriorating regional conflict that involves high-trajectory weapons (ie, rocket and missile fire) launched at the home front. The purpose of this study was to examine the current preparedness level of the Israeli public for this threat and determine the correlates of such preparedness with known factors.MethodsA telephone-based, random sampling of 503 households representative of the Israeli population was carried out during October 2013. The questionnaire examined the level of household preparedness as well as attitudes towards threat perception, responsibility, willingness to search for information, and sense of preparedness. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of preparedness in the general population and to find correlates to this preparedness in attitudes and demographic variables.ResultsMore than half of the sample reported complying with 50% or fewer of the actions recommended by the Israeli Home Front Command. Having an increased sense of preparedness and willingness to search for related information were positively correlated with actual household preparedness, and the latter was also found to be the most predictive variable of household preparedness.ConclusionsAlthough the overall household preparedness reported is mediocre, the level of preparedness found in this study suggests better preparedness of the population in Israel for its primary threat. The findings suggest that in order to promote preparedness of the Israeli public for war, emphasis should be put on increasing the public demand for information and encouraging people to evaluate their sense of preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:382–390)
THE NOTION OF ORIGINALITY AND DEGREES OF FAITHFULNESS IN TRANSLATING CLASSICAL CHINESE: COMPARING TRANSLATIONS OF THE LIEZI
Authors: Li Xiaofan Amy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article compares several post-1950s translations of the Liezi, and examines the concept of originality, the degrees of closeness to the original text a modern translation can achieve, and how this “faithfulness” can be understood. I first discuss how the problem of the Liezi's originality has negatively influenced critics' and translators' perception of the text's significance, then compare its different translations to show their specific translational and interpretational problems. Finally, I reflect on the overarching methodological question that frames my comparisons of translations, namely, why compare? I argue that comparing translations cannot be a means to ascertain the best translation, because both concepts of originality and faithfulness are multiple in meaning rather than singularly defined. Instead of measuring translations in terms of “fidelity,” a more insightful practice would be discovering the insights different translations offer into the relationships between the original and translated texts, source and target languages, as well as questioning the construction of texts as “original source texts” through translation by recognizing the potential fluidity and multiplicity of the source text itself.
Review of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests and Clinical Prediction Rules for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Acute Care Facilities
Authors: Chitnis Amit S. , Davis J. Lucian , Schecter Gisela F. , Barry Pennan M. , Flood Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of hospitalization and mortality in the United States. Prevention of TB transmission in acute care facilities relies on prompt identification and implementation of airborne isolation, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of presumptive pulmonary TB patients. In areas with low TB burden, this strategy may result in inefficient utilization of airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs). We reviewed TB epidemiology and diagnostic approaches to inform optimal TB detection in low-burden settings. Published clinical prediction rules for individual studies have a sensitivity ranging from 81% to 100% and specificity ranging from 14% to 63% for detection of culture-positive pulmonary TB patients admitted to acute care facilities. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have a specificity of >98%, and the sensitivity of NAATs varies by acid-fast bacilli sputum smear status (positive smear, ≥95%; negative smear, 50%–70%). We propose an infection prevention strategy using a clinical prediction rule to identify patients who warrant diagnostic evaluation for TB in an AIIR with an NAAT. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether use of clinical prediction rules and NAATs results in optimized utilization of AIIRs and improved detection and treatment of presumptive pulmonary TB patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(10):1215–1225
Quantifying the Hawthorne Effect in Hand Hygiene Compliance Through Comparing Direct Observation With Automated Hand Hygiene Monitoring
Authors: Hagel Stefan , Reischke Jana , Kesselmeier Miriam , Winning Johannes , Gastmeier Petra , Brunkhorst Frank M. , Scherag André , Pletz Mathias W. 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVETo quantify the Hawthorne effect of hand hygiene performance among healthcare workers using direct observation.DESIGNProspective observational study.SETTINGIntensive care unit, university hospital.METHODSDirect observation of hand hygiene compliance over 48 audits of 2 hours each. Simultaneously, hand hygiene events (HHEs) were recorded using electronic alcohol-based handrub dispensers. Directly observed and electronically recorded HHEs during the 2 hours of direct observation were compared using Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman plots. To quantify the Hawthorne effect, we compared the number of electronically recorded HHEs during the direct observation periods with the re-scaled electronically recorded HHEs in the 6 remaining hours of the 8-hour working shift.RESULTSA total of 3,978 opportunities for hand hygiene were observed during the 96 hours of direct observation. Hand hygiene compliance was 51% (95% CI, 49%–53%). There was a strong positive correlation between directly observed compliance and electronically recorded HHEs (ρ=0.68 [95% CI, 0.49–0.81], P<.0001). In the 384 hours under surveillance, 4,180 HHEs were recorded by the electronic dispensers. Of those, 2,029 HHEs were recorded during the 96 hours in which direct observation was also performed, and 2,151 HHEs were performed in the remaining 288 hours of the same working shift that were not under direct observation. Healthcare workers performed 8 HHEs per hour when not under observation compared with 21 HHEs per hour during observation.CONCLUSIONSDirectly and electronically observed HHEs were in agreement. We observed a marked influence of the Hawthorne effect on hand hygiene performance.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(8):957–962
An active feedback flow control theory of the axisymmetric vortex breakdown process
Authors: Rusak Zvi , Granata Joshua , Wang Shixiao 
Published: July 2015

An active feedback flow control theory of the axisymmetric vortex breakdown process in incompressible swirling flows in a finite-length straight circular pipe is developed. Flow injection distributed along the pipe wall is used as the controller. The flow is subjected to non-periodic inlet and outlet conditions where the inlet profiles of the axial velocity, circumferential velocity and azimuthal vorticity are prescribed, along with no radial velocity at the outlet. A long-wave asymptotic analysis at near-critical swirl ratios, which involves a rescaling of the axial distance and time, results in a model problem for the dynamics and the nonlinear control of both inviscid and high-Reynolds-number ($\mathit{Re}$) flows. The approach provides the bifurcation diagram of steady states and the stability characteristics of these states. In addition, an energy analysis of the controlled flow dynamics suggests a feedback control law that relates the flow injection to the evolving maximum radial velocity at the inlet. Computed examples of the flow dynamics based on the full Euler and Navier–Stokes formulations at various swirl levels demonstrate the evolution to near-steady breakdown states when swirl is above a critical level that depends on $\mathit{Re}$. Moreover, applying the proposed feedback control law during flow evolution shows for the first time the successful and robust elimination of the breakdown states and flow stabilization on an almost columnar state for a wide range of swirl (up to at least 30 %) above critical. The feedback control cuts the natural feed-forward mechanism of the breakdown process. Specifically, in the case of high-$\mathit{Re}$ flows, the control approach establishes a branch of columnar states for all swirl levels studied, where in the natural flow dynamics no such states exist. The present theory is limited to the control of axisymmetric flows in pipes where the wall boundary layer is thin and attached and does not interact with the flow in the bulk.
Effects of spanwise spacing on large-scale secondary flows in rough-wall turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Vanderwel Christina , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: July 2015

Large-scale secondary flows can sometimes appear in turbulent boundary layers formed over rough surfaces, creating low- and high-momentum pathways along the surface (Barros & Christensen, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 748, 2014, R1). We investigate experimentally the dependence of these secondary flows on surface/flow conditions by measuring the flows over streamwise strips of roughness with systematically varied spanwise spacing. We find that the large-scale secondary flows are accentuated when the spacing of the roughness elements is roughly proportional to the boundary layer thickness ${\it\delta}$, and do not appear for cases with finer spacing. Cases with coarser spacing also generate ${\it\delta}$-scale secondary flows with tertiary flows in the spaces in between. These results show that the ratio of the spanwise length scale of roughness heterogeneity to the boundary layer thickness is a critical parameter for the occurrence of these secondary motions in turbulent boundary layers over rough walls.