bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACID: A comprehensive toolbox for image processing and modeling of brain, spinal cord, and ex vivo diffusion MRI data
Authors: David Gergely , Fricke Björn , Oeschger Jan Malte , Ruthotto Lars , Fritz Francisco J. , Ohana Ora , Mordhorst Laurin , Sauvigny Thomas , Freund Patrick , Tabelow Karsten , Mohammadi Siawoosh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has become a crucial imaging technique in the field of neuroscience, with a growing number of clinical applications. Although most studies still focus on the brain, there is a growing interest in utilizing dMRI to investigate the healthy or injured spinal cord. The past decade has also seen the development of biophysical models that link MR-based diffusion measures to underlying microscopic tissue characteristics, which necessitates validation through ex vivo dMRI measurements. Building upon 13 years of research and development, we present an open-source, MATLAB-based academic software toolkit dubbed ACID: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Image Processing and Modeling of Brain, Spinal Cord, and Ex Vivo Diffusion MRI Data. ACID is an extension to the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software, designed to process and model dMRI data of the brain, spinal cord, and ex vivo specimens by incorporating state-of-the-art artifact correction tools, diffusion and kurtosis tensor imaging, and biophysical models that enable the estimation of microstructural properties in white matter. Additionally, the software includes an array of linear and nonlinear fitting algorithms for accurate diffusion parameter estimation. By adhering to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) data organization principles, ACID facilitates standardized analysis, ensures compatibility with other BIDS-compliant software, and aligns with the growing availability of large databases utilizing the BIDS format. Furthermore, being integrated into the popular SPM framework, ACID benefits from a wide range of segmentation, spatial processing, and statistical analysis tools as well as a large and growing number of SPM extensions. As such, this comprehensive toolbox covers the entire processing chain from raw DICOM data to group-level statistics, all within a single software package.
A Historical Review of the Study of Multi-Ethnic Cultural Exchanges in the Himalayan Region
Authors: Li Peishen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The vast area of the Himalayas has historically been an important region for multiethnic cultural interaction and exchanges. Due to multiple factors such as history and politics, the overall integrity of this region is always overlooked. This region has always had a special position and unique influence in academic circles both at home and abroad. This article searched for literature on relevant academic websites such as CNKI and Springer, and used research methods such as literature research and Delphi to examine the research achievements of the Himalayan ethnic culture in both the East and the West. Research concerning Himalayan national culture in both the East and the West has facilitated many important academic achievements. By examining research results pertaining to Himalayan national culture from both the East and the West, this paper highlights the fact that Western Himalayan research has undergone enlightenment in terms of rapid development and in-depth research. For instance, the digital age has led to a diversified and multitopic academic process. However, in China, cross-regional national research on culture focused initially on the Tibetan Yi Corridor, the Ancient Tea-Horse Road and the Southern Silk Road in the beginning and subsequently emphasized multiethnic cultural exchanges across the Himalayan region. In recent years, an increasing number of research results have shown that attention to the process by which Himalayan social and cultural integrity research develops has gradually increased.
Atrocity Prevention and Response: Challenges for R2P
Authors: Evans Gareth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While longstanding critiques of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) as a Western interventionist doctrine are well known, this intervention argues that a new form of backlash politics to the R2P is emerging from key Western states that have long been its strongest advocates and supporters. This intervention argues that this trend is disconcerting in that it risks returning to an international politics of complacency whereby states are no longer willing to acknowledge or accept responsibility to assist populations from mass atrocities occurring within the borders of a foreign state. Two strategies are advocated to counter this trend among governments. First, is to emphasise the successes as well as acknowledge the failures of R2P. Second, to clearly articulate how it is in every country’s own national interest to respond decently to conscience-shocking atrocity crimes occurring elsewhere.
Sufi Commentaries on a Quranic Peace Verse
Authors: Cole Juan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Qur’ān 41:33–35 instructs that believers should return the greater or greatest good for acts of evil, and the commentators recognize that it is a counsel to nonviolence on the part of individuals. It is one of a series of peace verses in the Muslim scripture. The place of these ethical commandments in Muslim traditions has been little studied in the Western academy. This article focuses on prominent thinkers of Nishapur and Shiraz who laid the foundations for classical Sufism. The indigenous Muslim roots of Sufism and its tie to formal Islamic texts are increasingly underlined by scholars. All three of the figures on which we concentrate authored substantial commentaries on the Qur’ān, and all three found this passage important for their ethical frameworks. For medieval Sufi thinkers Qur’ān 41:33–35 opened up the possibility of peace and reconciliation after conflict in society, whether within Sufi study circles or in wider urban environments, including both elite strata and that of urban artisans and youth.
Modeling Spatial Asymmetries in Teleconnected Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Krock Mitchell L. , Bessac Julie , Stein Michael L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Combining strengths from deep learning and extreme value theory can help describe complex relationships between variables where extreme events have significant impacts (e.g., environmental or financial applications). Neural networks learn complicated nonlinear relationships from large datasets under limited parametric assumptions. By definition, the number of occurrences of extreme events is small, which limits the ability of the data-hungry, nonparametric neural network to describe rare events. Inspired by recent extreme cold winter weather events in North America caused by atmospheric blocking, we examine several probabilistic generative models for the entire multivariate probability distribution of daily boreal winter surface air temperature. We propose metrics to measure spatial asymmetries, such as long-range anticorrelated patterns that commonly appear in temperature fields during blocking events. Compared to vine copulas, the statistical standard for multivariate copula modeling, deep learning methods show improved ability to reproduce complicated asymmetries in the spatial distribution of ERA5 temperature reanalysis, including the spatial extent of in-sample extreme events.
Resonant Excitation of Kelvin Waves by Interactions of Subtropical Rossby Waves and the Zonal Mean Flow
Authors: Holube Katharina M. , Lunkeit Frank , Vasylkevych Sergiy , Žagar Nedjeljka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Equatorial Kelvin waves can be affected by subtropical Rossby wave dynamics. Previous research has demonstrated the Kelvin wave growth in response to subtropical forcing and the resonant growth due to eddy momentum flux convergence. However, the relative importance of the wave–mean flow and wave–wave interactions for the Kelvin wave growth compared to the direct wave excitation by the external forcing has not been made clear. This study demonstrates the resonant Kelvin wave excitation by interactions of subtropical Rossby waves and the mean flow using a spherical shallow-water model. The use of Hough harmonics as basis functions makes Rossby and Kelvin waves prognostic variables of the model and allows the quantification of terms contributing to their tendencies in physical and wave spaces. The simulations show that Kelvin waves are resonantly excited by interactions of Rossby waves and the balanced zonal mean flow in the subtropics, provided the Rossby and Kelvin wave frequencies, which are modified by the mean flow, match. The resonance mechanism is substantiated by analytical expressions. The Kelvin wave tendencies are caused by velocity and depth tendencies: The velocity tendencies due to the meridional advection of the zonal mean velocity can be outweighed by the zonal advection of the Rossby wave velocity or by the depth tendencies due to Rossby wave divergence. Identifying the resonant excitation mechanism in data should contribute to the quantification of Kelvin wave variability originating in the subtropics.

Significance Statement
This study seeks to understand how Kelvin waves, which are eastward-propagating disturbances in the tropical atmosphere, are connected to Rossby wave dynamics in the subtropics. Using idealized simulations, the Kelvin wave excitation is explained as a resonance effect due to interactions of Rossby waves and the zonal mean flow. The mechanism contributes to the understanding of atmospheric wave interactions and extratropical effects on the tropics. Further work searching for evidence of the new mechanism in atmospheric data may shed a new light on subseasonal variability in the tropics, such as the Madden–Julian oscillation.
Therapeutic effect of oxidized bletilla striata polysaccharide-natamycin eye drops on fungal keratitis
Authors: Tian Xue , Ji Xiaoyue , Zhang Ranran , Long Xiaojing , Lin Jing , Zhang Yingxue , Zhan Lu , Luan Junjie , Zhao Guiqiu , Peng Xudong 
Published: August 2024

Objective: Fungal keratitis (FK) usually develops to a poor clinical prognosis due to the fungal invasion and excessive inflammatory reaction. In order to enhance the therapeutic effect of natamycin (NAT), we used the anti-inflammatory biological polysaccharide bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) combined with NAT to prepare a new eye drop —— oxidized bletilla striata polysaccharide-natamycin (OBN). Methods: UV-vis, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to identify the synthesis of OBN. Biocompatibility of OBN was determined by CCK-8, scratch assay, and corneal toxicity test. RAW264.7 cells and C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with A. fumigatus and treated with PBS, OBN, or NAT. The anti-inflammatory activity of OBN was detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. In mice with FK, the clinical scores were used to evaluate the effect of OBN; HE staining was performed to assess the corneal pathological changes; MPO assay and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate neutrophil infiltration. Results: OBN was synthesized by combining oxidized bletilla striata polysaccharide (OBSP) with NAT through Schiff base reaction. OBN did not affect cell viability at a concentration of 160 μg/mL in HCECs, RAW264.7 cells, and mouse corneas. OBN versus NAT significantly improved the prognosis of A. fumigatus keratitis by reducing disease severity, neutrophil infiltration, and expression of inflammatory factors in vivo. Additionally, OBN treatment down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 and mouse models. Conclusion: OBN is a compound prepared by covalently linking OBSP to the imino group of NAT through Schiff base reaction. OBN treatment down-regulated inflammation and improved the prognosis of mice with A. fumigatus keratitis.
Performance of polyurethane and polyurethane nanocomposites modified by graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fumed silica in dry and wet environments
Authors: Zweiri Feras , Williams Neil A. , Hadavinia Homayoun 
Published: August 2024

Polyurethane elastomers (PU) are used in various applications, such as wind turbine blades, to safeguard structural integrity, maintain shape, and enhance survivability under repeated impact loading from rain droplets and sand particles. This study investigates the impact of individual and combination of additive carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fumed nanosilica nanomaterials, totalling 0.3 wt% loading to PU, on water uptake capacity and any adverse effect on mechanical properties after exposure to saturation. Alongside the control pure PU, five types of PUs with varying additive nanomaterial types and contents are examined. Experimental measurements of the temperature-dependent moisture absorption, diffusion coefficients and permeabilities for the pure PU and its nanocomposites are conducted at 22°C, 32°C, and 45°C. In addition, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on both dry and water-saturated coatings, and their mechanical properties were compared. Physicochemical characterisation of the coating materials is performed using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) techniques. Water contact angle (WCA) and surface free energy measured. Morphological features of fracture surfaces are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy.
Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Talinum triangulare Methanol Leaf Extract on Cadmium-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Inwang Uduak Anthony , Ben Ezekiel Etim , Uchewa Obinna Onwe , Nwuzor Emmanuel Onyi , Nwaji Azubuike Raphael , Umoh Ekementeabasi Aniebo 
Published: August 2024

Objective Oxidative stress results in neuronal degeneration leading to cognitive decline. Microglia in brain tissue produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which modulate synaptic communication between neurons. ROS can lead to neuroinflammation, which can cause neurodegeneration and memory loss. Talinum triangulare was investigated for its cognitive, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials in male wistar rats. Materials and methods 25 adult female rats weighing between 150 g–200 g were grouped (n = 5) into Group 1 (control group) received 1 mL/kg of distilled water, group 2–5 were administered with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg T. triangulare methanol extract and 2.5 mg/kg donepezil, 100 mg/kg cadmium respectively via oral gavage. The administration lasted for 21 days and neurobehavioural parameters, biochemical and histological analysis of the hippocampus were evaluated. The assessment of spatial learning and memory was evaluated using Classic labyrinth task. Results There was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced escape time latency and increased time latency in the probe trial in Morris water maze; and reduced time latency in the labyrinth by T. triangulare methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) compared with the control and cadmium treated groups. T. triangulare methanol extract and donepezil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) activities and significantly (p < 0.05) increased gluthathione peroxidase activity (GPx) and catalase (CAT) respectively. Conclusion These findings revealed that T. triangulare methanol extract enhanced cognitive function and exhibited anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Neuroethics and AI ethics: a proposal for collaboration
Authors: Salles Arleen , Farisco Michele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe scientific relationship between neuroscience and artificial intelligence is generally acknowledged, and the role that their long history of collaboration has played in advancing both fields is often emphasized. Beyond the important scientific insights provided by their collaborative development, both neuroscience and AI raise a number of ethical issues that are generally explored by neuroethics and AI ethics. Neuroethics and AI ethics have been gaining prominence in the last few decades, and they are typically carried out by different research communities. However, considering the evolving landscape of AI-assisted neurotechnologies and the various conceptual and practical intersections between AI and neuroscience—such as the increasing application of AI in neuroscientific research, the healthcare of neurological and mental diseases, and the use of neuroscientific knowledge as inspiration for AI—some scholars are now calling for a collaborative relationship between these two domains. This article seeks to explore how a collaborative relationship between neuroethics and AI ethics can stimulate theoretical and, ideally, governance efforts. First, we offer some reasons for calling for the collaboration of the ethical reflection on neuroscientific innovations and AI. Next, we explore some dimensions that we think could be enhanced by the cross-fertilization between these two subfields of ethics. We believe that considering the pace and increasing fusion of neuroscience and AI in the development of innovations, broad and underspecified calls for responsibility that do not consider insights from different ethics subfields will only be partially successful in promoting meaningful changes in both research and applications.
Genotypic variation in blueberry flower morphology and nectar reward content affects pollinator attraction in a diverse breeding population
Authors: Cromie Juliana , Ternest John J. , Komatz Andrew P. , Adunola Paul M. , Azevedo Camila , Mallinger Rachel E. , Muñoz Patricio R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Pollination is crucial to obtaining optimal blueberry yield and fruit quality. Despite substantial investments in seasonal beekeeping services, blueberry producers consistently report suboptimal pollinator visitation and fruit set in some cultivars. Flower morphology and floral rewards are among the key factors that have shown to contribute to pollinator attraction, however little is known about their relative importance for improving yield in the context of plant breeding. Clarifying the relationships between flower morphology, nectar reward content, pollinator recruitment, and pollination outcomes, as well as their genetic components, can inform breeding priorities for enhancing blueberry production. In the present study, we measured ten flower and nectar traits and indices of successful pollination, including fruit set, seed count, and fruit weight in 38 southern highbush blueberry genotypes. Additionally, we assessed pollinator visitation frequency and foraging behavior over two growing seasons. Several statistical models were tested to optimize the prediction of pollinator visitation and pollination success, including partial least squares, BayesB, ridge-regression, and random forest.

Results
Random forest models obtained high predictive abilities for pollinator visitation frequency, with values of 0.54, 0.52, and 0.66 for honey bee, bumble bee, and total pollinator visits, respectively. The BayesB model provided the most consistent prediction of fruit set, fruit weight, and seed set, with predictive abilities of 0.07, -0.08, and 0.42, respectively. Variable importance analysis revealed that genotypic differences in nectar volume had the greatest impact on honey bee and bumble bee visitation, although preferences for flower morphological traits varied depending on the foraging task. Flower density was a major driving factor attracting nectar-foraging honey bees and bumble bees, while pollen-foraging bumble bees were most influenced by flower accessibility, specifically corolla length and the length-to-width ratio.

Conclusions
Honey bees comprised the majority of pollinator visits, and were primarily influenced by nectar volume and flower density. Corolla length and the length-to-width ratio were also identified as the main predictors of fruit set, fruit weight, seed count, as well as pollen-foraging bumble bee visits, suggesting that these bees and their foraging preferences may play a pivotal role in fruit production. Moderate to high narrow-sense heritability values (ranging from 0.30 to 0.77) were obtained for all floral traits, indicating that selective breeding efforts may enhance cultivar attractiveness to pollinators.
Inappropriate prescribing and association with readmission or mortality in hospitalised older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Inglis Joshua M. , Caughey Gillian , Thynne Tilenka , Brotherton Kate , Liew Danny , Mangoni Arduino A. , Shakib Sepehr 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate prescribing (IP) is common in hospitalised older adults with frailty. However, it is not known whether the presence of frailty confers an increased risk of mortality and readmissions from IP nor whether rectifying IP reduces this risk. This review was conducted to determine whether IP increases the risk of adverse outcomes in hospitalised middle-aged and older adults with frailty.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted on IP in hospitalised middle-aged (45–64 years) and older adults (≥ 65 years) with frailty. This review considered multiple types of IP including potentially inappropriate medicines, prescribing omissions and drug interactions. Both observational and interventional studies were included. The outcomes were mortality and hospital readmissions. The databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, World of Science, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Library. The search was updated to 12 July 2024. Meta-analysis was performed to pool risk estimates using the random effects model.

Results
A total of 569 studies were identified and seven met the inclusion criteria, all focused on the older population. One of the five observational studies found an association between IP and emergency department visits and readmissions at specific time points. Three of the observational studies were amenable to meta-analysis which showed no significant association between IP and hospital readmissions (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90–1.31). Meta-analysis of the subgroup assessing Beers criteria medicines demonstrated that there was a 27% increase in the risk of hospital readmissions (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03–1.57) with this type of IP. In meta-analysis of the two interventional studies, there was a 37% reduced risk of mortality (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.40-1.00) with interventions that reduced IP compared to usual care but no difference in hospital readmissions (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.19–3.67).

Conclusions
Interventions to reduce IP were associated with reduced risk of mortality, but not readmissions, compared to usual care in older adults with frailty. The use of Beers criteria medicines was associated with hospital readmissions in this group. However, there was limited evidence of an association between IP more broadly and mortality or hospital readmissions. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.