bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Switching Sequences for Sensorless Capacitor Voltage Balancing of Three-Phase NPC Rectifier
Authors: Langer Nitin , Bhat Abdul Hamid , Agarwal Pramod 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a modulation strategy for self-balancing of capacitor voltages of three-phase neutral-point clamped bi-directional rectifier (without feedback controller and sensors). It is identified that regions within a sector are divided into two categories: (a) One small vector among three selected vectors and (b) Two small vectors among three selected vectors. For category (a) positive and negative commutation state of small vector is implemented for equal duty cycle but for category (b) positive and negative commutation state of small vectors is implemented for unequal duty cycle. Based on this observation, an innovative idea is executed to remove these discrepancies. The innovative optimized space vector switching sequences negative and positive commutation state of both the small vectors are implemented for equal duty cycle during each sampling period resulting in self-balancing of DC-bus capacitors with much reduced ripples under steady-state and dynamic load conditions for both rectification and inversion mode of operation. The converter exhibits excellent performance in terms of other critical parameters like unity input power factor, low input current THD, minimum possible switching losses, reduced-rippled and well-regulated DC voltage. The proposed control algorithm is tested through exhaustive simulation of converter using MATLAB Simulink software.
Hexameric GFP and mCherry Reporters for the Drosophila GAL4, Q, and LexA Transcription Systems
Authors: Shearin Harold K , Macdonald Ian S , Spector Laura P , Stowers R Steven 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The ability to distinguish cells and tissues of interest is critical for understanding their biological importance. In genetic model organisms, a prominent approach for discerning particular cells or tissues from others is the use of cell or tissue-specific enhancers to drive fluorescent reporters. This approach, however, is often limited by the brightness of the fluorescent reporter. To augment the ability to visualize cells or tissues of interest in Drosophila melanogaster, homo-hexameric GFP and mCherry reporters were developed for the GAL4, Q, and LexA transcription systems and functionally validated in vivo. The GFP and mCherry homo-hexameric fusion proteins exhibited significantly enhanced fluorescence as compared to monomeric fluorescent reporters and could be visualized by direct fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm of neurons, including the fine processes of axons and dendrites. These high-sensitivity fluorescent reporters of cell morphology can be utilized for a variety of purposes, especially facilitating fluorescence-based genetic screens for cell morphology phenotypes. These results suggest that the strategy of fusing monomeric fluorescent proteins in tandem to enhance brightness should be generalizable to other fluorescent proteins and other genetic model organisms.
Costing Practices in Healthcare
Authors: Chapman Christopher , Kern Anja , Laguecir Aziza 
Published: January 2014

SYNOPSIS
The rising cost of healthcare is a globally pressing concern. This makes detailed attention to the way in which costing is carried out of central importance. This article offers a framework for considering the interdependencies between a dominant element of the contemporary healthcare context, i.e., Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) systems, and costing practices. DRG-based payment systems strongly influence costing practices in multiple ways. In particular, setting DRG tariffs requires highly standardized costing practices linked with specific skill sets from management accountants and brings other jurisdictions (e.g., clinical coding) to bear on costing practice. These factors contribute to the fragmentation of the jurisdiction of management accounting.
Study of Archeometric Characteristics of a Panel Painted Icon Form XIXth Century
Authors: Cristache Raluca A. , Sandu Ion , Vasilache Viorica , Cristache Oana 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This study presents a physicochemical analysis on the orthodox icon “The grieving Mother” from XIXth century. The icon is made by an anonymus painter, in tempera pigments, on a lime wood support, Tillia cordata. God’s Mother is represented from one side, only the bust, with the head down, framed by a white border. The predominant colors of the icon are ultramarine blue, ocher, red-brown, with silver leaf. The edges of the panel were painted with tempera pigments as the border. On the right edge an inscription in blue ink, can be seen, but is unreadable. The painting layer has gaps, fissures, detachments, dirt, degraded and scaly varnish. The panel is made from a single board, transversally cut, without crossbeams. The study is based on the identification of some archeometric characteristics of the wood panel and of the pigment layer. To determin painting materials and the conservation state, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Micro-FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were employed. Using this methods we identify the pigments used and the state of degradation of the panel. The FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the pigment layer contains schellac varnish, ultramarine blue and dust, a conclusion supported by SEM-EDX analysis.
An in vitro based investigation into the cytotoxic effects of D-amino acids
Authors: Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Abu-Dahab Rana , Almomani Nour F. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In the present study, cytotoxic effects of D-Ala, D-Pro and D-Lys are demonstrated. In an effort to study the possible mechanisms of the observed cytotoxicity, catalase activity, H2O2 generation, and apoptotic activity were measured in HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Although D-Lys is a poor substrate for DAO and therefore low H2O2 was detected, it was shown to provoke severe impairment of cellular integrity and survival. Interestingly, a very good substrate for DAO, such as D-Pro, did not substantially reduce cell viability. On the other hand, a moderate substrate for DAO, represented by D-Ala, was shown to moderately trigger toxicity in the tested cell lines. Although a correlation between the in vitro cytotoxicity of D-amino acids and the amount of H2O2 produced was absent, there was a good agreement between the ability of D-amino acids to trigger apoptosis and to provoke toxicity. Our results indicate that the toxicity of D-amino acids does not appear to be solely mediated by H2O2. Therefore, we hypothesize that other possible contributing apoptosis-mediated pathways might cause the observed toxicity.
Liquisolid systems and aspects influencing their research and development
Authors: Vraníková Barbora , Gajdziok Jan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Many modern drugs are poorly water soluble substances, which causes difficulties in the development of solid dosage forms with sufficient bioavailability. Preparation of liquisolid systems (LSS) is a novel technique for improving solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of such drugs. The basic principle of LSS preparation is conversion of the drug in liquid state into a free-flowing, compressible, dry powder through its absorption into suitable excipients - porous carriers (aluminometasilicates, microcrystalline cellulose), subsequently coated with material having high absorption capacity (silicon dioxide commonly known as colloidal silica). LSS exhibit advantages such as lower production costs compared to soft capsules, simple processing and enhanced drug release. The main benefit is higher bioavailability of the liquid drug, caused by a large surface area available for absorption. The article tries to clarify specific aspects connected with the formulation of LSS: properties of excipients (surface area, absorption capacity), variables related to the processing (solubility, liquid load factor) and dosage form evaluation.
Chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of two common Gleditsia sinensis fruits using HPLC-DAD
Authors: Chen Jianping , Li Zhonggui , Zheng Ken Y. Z. , Guo Ava J. Y. , Zhu Kevin Y. , Zhang Wendy L. , Zhan Janis Y. X. , Dong Tina T. X. , Su Ziren , Tsim Karl W. K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis and Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus are obtained from different developmental stages of fruits from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Leguminosae). The possible interchangeable usage of the two fruits, however, has long been very controversial. Here, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection was developed to explore their chemical fingerprinting profiles. Besides, the amounts of aglycones of saponin compounds, echinocystic acid and oleanolic acid in both fruits were quantified. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the content of aglycones from the two types of fruits. However, their chromatographic fingerprints showed distinct characteristics. Therefore, the interchangeable application of these fruits has to be taken with a specific precaution.
On variation in Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) from the Lower Cenomanian of western Kazakhstan
Authors: Kennedy William James 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Kennedy, W.J. 2013. On variation in Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) from the Lower Cenomanian of western Kazakhstan Acta Geologica Polonica, 63(4), 443-468. Warszawa. An assemblage of 94 specimens of Schloenbachia varians (J. Sowerby, 1817) from the Lower Cenomanian Sharpeiceras schlueteri Subzone of the Mantelliceras mantelli Zone of the Besakty section in the Mangyshlak Mountains of western Kazakhstan includes 26 complete adults that range from to 59-174 mm in diameter. No size-related dimorphism was detected in the assemblage, which shows wide, continuous intraspecific variation. This is described in terms of five formae; from robust to gracile these are: ventriosa, varians sensu stricto, subtuberculata , intermedia, and subplana. The ratio of robust (ventriosa + varians sensu stricto) to gracile (subtuberculata + intermedia + subplana) individuals is 34% to 66%. The reference specimens of the formae and their synonyms are described and illustrated, and related to the Besakty material. The modification of adult body chamber ornament of all formae is documented, and Jakeiceras Cooper and Owen, 2011 is shown to be based on an adult of a passage form between forma subtuberculata and forma intermedia. The differences between Lower Cenomanian S. varians, lower Middle Cenomanian S. coupei (Brongniart, 1822), and upper Middle and lower Upper Cenomanian S. lymensis Spath, 1926b are described and illustrated.
Inoceramid and foraminiferal record and biozonation of the Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan
Authors: Walaszczyk Ireneusz , Kopaevich Ludmila F. , Beniamovski Vladimir N. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Walaszczyk, I., Kopaevich, L.F. and Beniamovski, V.N. 2013. Inoceramid and foraminiferal record and biozonation of the Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63 (4), 469-487. Warszawa.
The Turonian and Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) of the Mangyshlak Mts., western Kazakhstan, yielded a rich and relatively complete inoceramid bivalve record. The faunas and their succession correspond to those known from central and eastern Europe, allowing the zonation established in the latter areas to be applied in a virtually identical form. The gaps in the record of the group in Mangyshlak stem from the regional hiatuses in the geological record in the area and do not reflect any biogeographical differences between eastern and central-western Europe. Planktonic foraminifera are rare. Four successive interval range zones can be distinguished: in ascending stratigraphic order, the Helvetoglobotrunaca helvetica, Marginotruncaca pseudolinneiana, Marginotruncana coronata, and Concavotruncana concavata zones. Their correlation with the inoceramid zonation and, consequently, with the chronostratigraphic scheme, is demonstrated. The zonation and chronostratigraphic subdivision as applied in Mangyshlak may easily be applied to other areas of the peri-Caspian region (Caucasus, Tuarkyr, Kopet-Dagh, SE margin of the East-European Craton).
MATERIAL AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF LASER SINTERTED PRODUCTS
Authors: Hudák Radovan , Šarik Martin , Dadej Róbert , Živčák Jozef , Harachová Daniela 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Thermal analysis of laser processes can be used to predict thermal stresses and consequently deformation in a completed part. Analysis of temperature is also the basic for feedback of laser processing parameters in manufacturing. The quality of laser sintered parts greatly depends on proper selection of the input processing parameters, material properties and support creation. In order to relatively big heat stress in the built part during sintering process, the thermal simulation and thermal analysis, which could help better understand and solve the issue of parts deformations is very important. Main aim of presented work is to prepare input parameters for thermal simulations by the use of RadTherm software (Thermoanalytics Inc., USA), directly during the sintering process and after the process and find out the impact of the heat stress on a final shape and size of the prototype. Subsequently, an annealing process of constructed products after DMLS could be simulated and specified.
TRANSIENT PLANE WAVES IN MULTILAYERED HALF-SPACE
Authors: Turchyn Ihor , Turchyn Olga 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Considered the dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity for multilayered half-space. Boundary surface of inhomogeneous half-space loaded with normal load, and the boundaries of separation layers are in conditions of ideal mechanical contact. The formulation involves non-classical separation of equations of motion using two functions with a particular mechanical meaning volumetric expansion and function of acceleration of the shift. In terms of these functions obtained two wave equation, written boundary conditions and the conditions of ideal mechanical contact of layers. Using the Laguerre and Fourier integral transformations was obtained the solution of the formulated problem. The results of the calculation of the stress-strain state in the half-space with a coating for a local impact loading are presented.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MR FLUIDS RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN SHOCK ABSORBERS
Authors: Sapiński Bogdan , Horak Wojciech 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper summarises the results of laboratory testing of rheological behaviour of (magnetorheological) MR fluids designed for use in shock absorber and vibration dampers. The experiments used a rotational rheometer with an extra chamber inside which a uniform magnetic field can be generated. Underlying the description of rheological properties of fluids is the Herschel-Bulkley’s model of viscous- plastic substances. The aim of the experiment was to determine the shear stress, yield stress, the yield factor and the power-law exponent depending on the magnetic flux density, followed by the comparative study of rheological parameters of investigated fluids.
THE SENSITIVITY OF A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHOD IN FORMABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Slota Ján , Jurčišin Miroslav , Gajdoš Ivan , Spišák Emil 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Nowadays is a possible to implement numerical simulation and photogrammetric inspection to the complex process chain of inspection. In the recent years there has been significant progress in accuracy improving of these methods of inspection in pre-production or post-production stage of manufacturing. This article discusses these two methods from sensitivity and comparison point of view. Most attention has been paid to the photogrammetric method and his sensitivity to using different approaches. Results were compared with the result of numerical simulation and experiment. Numerical simulation was performed in static implicit finite element code Autoform. For this purpose, GPS cover of galvanized steel of DQ category was used for inspection. In this paper was proved that photogrammetric method of strain measurement is highly sensitive on the various external factors. Further results and findings are included in the next chapters of this paper
DESIGN CONCEPT OF TEST STAND FOR DETERMINING PROPERTIES OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS
Authors: Bocian Mirosław , Kaleta Jerzy , Lewandowski Daniel , Przybylski Michał 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) are “SMART” materials that change their mechanical properties under influence of magnetic field. Thanks to that ability it is possible to create adaptive vibration dampers based on the MRE. To test vibration damping abilities of this material special test stand is required. This article presents design concept for such test stand with several options of testing.
ASSESSMENT TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COATINGS APPLIED BY HVOF TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Brezinová Janette , Guzanová Anna , Draganovská Dagmar , Egri Marián 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this article, the attention is paid to the HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) thermal spraying method by which the progressive coatings are applied on basic material C15E (STN 412020). These coatings are based on C-17CO, WC-CO-Cr and Cr3C2-25NiCr. There was made determination of the chemical composition of the coatings and assessment of coatings quality - adhesion, microhardness, porosity and wear resistance at room temperature (21°C) and also at operational elevated temperature (900°C). Results of adhesive wear showed high quality of all evaluated coatings and their suitability to extreme tribological conditions.
IDENTIFICATION OF LAYERS DISTRIBUTION IN THE COMPOSITE COUPON USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND THREE POINT BENDING TEST
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Łukasz , Małachowski Jerzy , Damaziak Krzysztof , Baranowski Paweł , Gotowicki Paweł 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The main objective of the study is to develop experimentally validated FE model and perform numerical analysis of layered composites made by hand lay-up techniques during tension and bending test. The research object is glass - polyester laminate made of four unidirectional layers. In order to validate the numerical models experimental test were performed. Due to the very different stiffness modulus in tension and bending loading the material properties obtained from standard test are not suitable to apply in numerical model. Significantly different behaviour compared to experimental test was obtained for tree point bending where the numerical model becomes too stiff. Simple coupons, relatively easy to manufacture presented in the paper have very low quality. The differences in actual and theoretical bending stiffness (obtained from tension stiffness) exceed 70%. In order to represent the actual structure the layers of the composite were divided by resin layers and also additional resin layer at the top and bottom of the model were defined. Single stage optimization process was used to adjust the material layout. After layer set-up modification very significant improvement can be seen for flexural behaviour
SIMULATION OF POWDER SINTERING USING A DISCRETE ELEMENT MODEL
Authors: Rojek Jerzy , Nosewicz Szymon , Pietrzak Katarzyna , Chmielewski Marcin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents numerical simulation of powder sintering. The numerical model introduced in this work employs the discrete element method which assumes that material can be modelled by a large assembly of discrete elements (particles) of spherical shape interacting among one another. Modelling of sintering requires introduction of the cohesive interaction among particles representing interparticle sintering forces. Numerical studies of sintering have been combined with experimental studies which provided data for calibration and validation of the model. In the laboratory tests evolution of microstructure and density during sintering have been studied. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows a good performance of the numerical model developed
The Influence of the Microstructure on the Switching Properties of Ag C, Ag-WC-C and Ag-W-C Contact Materials
Authors: Wójcik-Grzybek D. , Frydman K. , Borkowski P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The correlation between the microstructure of Ag-C, Ag-WC-C and AgWC composites and their switching properties was investigated. Two methods were used to manufacture the starting powder mixtures, namely classical milling and mechanical alloying . The arc erosion, contact resistance and welding forces of the contact materials obtained by different methods were measured using model devices. This paper presents the results achieved for the tested materials. It was found that weight loss was lower for the contacts produced by high energy milling
Oxygen in Steel WMD after Welding with Micro-Jet Cooling
Authors: Wegrzyn T. , Piwnik J. , Hadrys D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Until that moment micro-jet technology was tested only for MIG welding process with argon as a shielded gas. An article presents actual information about innovate welding technology with micro-jet cooling. There are put down information about gases that could be chosen both for MIG/MAG welding and for micro-jet process. There were given information about influence of various micro-jet gases on metallographic structure of steel welds. Mechanical properties of weld was presented in terms of oxygen amount in WMD (weld metal deposit).
Skrew Rolling of Balls in Multiple Helical Impressions
Authors: Tomczak J. , Pater Z. , Bartnicki J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents results of theoretical and experimental research on skew rolling process of balls with diameter ;30 mm in multiple helical tools. Numerical analysis of the process was conducted basing on finite element method (FEM), using the commercial software Simufact Forming in version 10.0. Simulations were made in the three-dimensional state of strain with consideration of complex thermal analysis, due to which progression of the products shape was determined. Distributions of strains and temperatures as well as the process force parameters were also determined. The results of numerical calculations were experimentally verified in laboratory conditions. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of semi-finished products of balls type manufacturing by means of rolling in multiple helical impressions.
Influence of Boiler Pipe Cladding Techniques on their Microstructure and Properties
Authors: Rozmus-Górnikowska M. , Blicharski M. , Kusińsk J. , Kuslnski L. , Marszyck M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate different weld overlay coating technologies applied to steel boiler pipes and their influence on microstructure and properties of the produced overlays. The investigations were carried out on the boiler pipes weld overlaid by an Inconel 625 and cladded at various conditions (CMT, GMAW and GTAW). The investigations showed that microstructure and mechanical properties of overlaid pipes depend on cladding technology and the chemical composition of the base material.