bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of GLUT-4 in the stimulatory effect of rutin on glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle
Authors: Kappel Virginia Demarchi , Cazarolli Luisa Helena , Pereira Danielle Fontana , Postal Bárbara Graziela , Zamoner Ariane , Reginatto Flávio Henrique , Silva Fátima Regina Mena Barreto 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro effect of rutin on glucose uptake in an insulin target (soleus muscle) and the mechanism of action involved.

Methods
Isolated soleus muscles from rats were treated with rutin (500 μm) with or without the following inhibitors; hydroxy-2-naphthalenylmethylphosphonic acid trisacetoxymethyl ester (HNMPA(AM)3), an insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity inhibitor, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), RO318220, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, colchicine, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent, PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis on fresh Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate plus [U-14C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (0.1 μCi/ml). Samples of tissue medium were used for the radioactivity measurements.

Key findings
Rutin increased the glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle. In addition, the effect of rutin on glucose uptake was completely inhibited by pretreatment with HNMPA(AM)3, wortmannin, RO318220, colchicine, PD98059, and cycloheximide. These results suggested that rutin stimulated glucose uptake in the rat soleus muscle via the PI3K, atypical protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Also, rutin may have influenced glucose transporter translocation and may have directly activated the synthesis of the transporter GLUT-4.

Conclusion
The similarities of rutin action on glucose uptake compared with the signalling pathways of insulin constitute strong evidence for the insulin-mimetic role of rutin in glucose homeostasis.
Role of salivary epithelial toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 in modulating innate immune responses in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Swaminathan V. , Prakasam S. , Puri V. , Srinivasan M. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectiveChronic periodontitis is initiated by sequential colonization with a broad array of bacteria and is perpetuated by an immune‐inflammatory response to the changing biofilm. Host recognition of microbes is largely mediated by toll‐like receptors (TLRs), which interact with conserved pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Based on ligand recognition, TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 interact with most periodontal pathogens. Extracrevicular bacterial reservoirs, such as the oral epithelial cells, contribute to the persistence of periodontitis. Human saliva is a rich source of oral epithelial cells that express functional TLRs. In this study we investigated the role of salivary epithelial cell (SEC) TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsUnstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and from healthy individuals after obtaining informed consent. Epithelial cells isolated from each UWS sample were assessed for TLR‐2, TLR‐4, peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)‐3 and PGRP‐4 by quantitative real‐time PCR. In addition, the SECs were stimulated in vitro with microbial products for up to 24 h. The culture supernatant was assessed for cytokines by ELISA.ResultsStimulation with TLR‐2‐ or TLR‐4‐specific ligands induced cytokine secretion with differential kinetics and up‐regulated TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs, respectively, in cultures of SECs from patients with periodontitis. In addition, the SECs from patients with periodontitis exhibited reduced PGRP3 and PGRP4 mRNAs, the TLR‐responsive genes with antibacterial properties.ConclusionSECs derived from the UWS of patients with chronic periodontitis are phenotypically distinct and could represent potential resources for assessing the epithelial responses to periodontal pathogens in the course of disease progression and persistence.
After innocence: Perceptions of individuals who have been wrongfully convicted
Authors: Clow Kimberley A. , Leach Amy‐May 
Published: May 2013

PurposeAlthough it is easy to assume that individuals who have been wrongfully convicted are stigmatized, research has not systematically examined this issue. This research compares perceptions of individuals who have been wrongfully convicted to perceptions of offenders to investigate the stigma that wrongfully convicted persons report.MethodParticipants were randomly assigned to complete surveys regarding their attitudes, stereotypes, and discrimination tendencies towards one of three different groups: individuals who were wrongfully convicted of a crime, actual offenders, or people in general (control).ResultsResults suggested contemptuous prejudice towards offenders and wrongfully convicted persons. In comparison to the control group, individuals who had been wrongfully convicted were stereotyped more negatively, elicited more negative emotions, and were held at a greater social distance. Although participants did report greater pity for wrongfully convicted persons than others, this pity did not translate into greater assistance or support.ConclusionsPerceptions of wrongfully convicted persons appear similar to negative, stigmatized views of offenders. Individuals faced stigma and discrimination even after exoneration.
The Potential of Systems Thinking in Teacher Reform as Theorized for the Teaching Brain Framework
Authors: Rodriguez Vanessa 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe teaching brain is a dynamic system that is in constant interaction with the learning brain. If we fail to explore the teaching brain we will continue to design educational reform policies that ignore the most important lens in the classroom: the teachers'. Master teachers recognize their perspective and leverage their teaching brains to embody a systems thinking view of their practice. If all teachers were taught how to recognize themselves as self‐created, organized systems existing within the larger teaching–learning interaction, they would understand how their context and intentions affect the teacher–student interaction. Education reform must acknowledge and understand more about the teaching brain, how master teachers practice systems thinking and the mutually interacting brains of teacher and student if we hope to truly improve how we educate children.
The Influence of Reading Expertise in Mirror‐Letter Perception: Evidence From Beginning and Expert Readers
Authors: Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Dimitropoulou María , Estévez Adelina , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe visual word recognition system recruits neuronal systems originally developed for object perception which are characterized by orientation insensitivity to mirror reversals. It has been proposed that during reading acquisition beginning readers have to “unlearn” this natural tolerance to mirror reversals in order to efficiently discriminate letters and words. Therefore, it is supposed that this unlearning process takes place in a gradual way and that reading expertise modulates mirror‐letter discrimination. However, to date no supporting evidence for this has been obtained. We present data from an eye‐movement study that investigated the degree of sensitivity to mirror‐letters in a group of beginning readers and a group of expert readers. Participants had to decide which of the two strings presented on a screen corresponded to an auditorily presented word. Visual displays always included the correct target word and one distractor word. Results showed that those distractors that were the same as the target word except for the mirror lateralization of two internal letters attracted participants' attention more than distractors created by replacement of 2 internal letters. Interestingly, the time course of the effects was found to be different for the 2 groups, with beginning readers showing a greater tolerance (decreased sensitivity) to mirror‐letters than expert readers. Implications of these findings are discussed within the framework of preceding evidence showing how reading expertise modulates letter identification.
Clinical study results from a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural guided self‐help in patients with partially remitted depressive disorder
Authors: Schlögelhofer Monika , Willinger Ulrike , Wiesegger Georg , Eder Harald , Priesch Margrit , Itzlinger Ulrike , Bailer Ursula , Schosser Alexandra , Leisch Friedrich , Aschauer Harald 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesCognitive behavioural guided self‐help has been shown to be effective in mild and moderate depressive disorder. It is not known, however, if it is effective in individuals with partially remitted depressive disorder, which is a serious clinical problem in up to 50–60% of treated patients. This study is the first one to examine the clinical benefit of this intervention in this patient population.DesignFor the purpose of this study, a single‐blind, randomized controlled design was used.MethodWe randomized 90 individuals with partially remitted depressive disorder either to cognitive behavioural guided self‐help plus psychopharmacotherapy (n = 49) or psychopharmacotherapy alone (n = 41). They were clinically assessed at regular intervals with ratings of depressive symptoms and stress‐coping strategies over a 3‐week run‐in period and a 6‐week treatment period.ResultsAfter 6 weeks, intention‐to‐treat analysis (n = 90) showed that patients treated with cognitive behavioural guided self‐help plus psychopharmacotherapy did not have significantly lower scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (17‐item version; HRSD‐17) and on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) compared to patients treated with psychopharmacotherapy alone. When negative stress‐coping strategies were considered, there was a significant difference between the two groups at the end of treatment with respect to the BDI but not to the HRSD‐17.ConclusionsGuided self‐help did not lead to a significant reduction in symptom severity in patients with partially remitted depressive disorder after a 6‐week intervention. However, the intervention leads to a reduction of negative stress‐coping strategies.Practitioner points
Cognitive behavioural guided self‐help did not significantly improve depressive symptoms measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (17‐item version; HRSD‐17) in patients with partially remitted depressive disorder.
Improvements were found in reducing negative stress‐coping strategies for those allocated to the cognitive behavioural guided self‐help, which significantly improved Beck Depression Inventory but not HRSD‐17.
These findings suggest that cognitive behavioural guided self‐help may offer some assistance in managing negative stress‐coping strategies.
The invasive potential of parasitic monogenoids (platyhelminthes) via the aquarium fish trade: an appraisal with special reference to India
Authors: Tripathi Amit 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAquaculture, the rearing of aquatic organisms under controlled or semi‐controlled conditions to produce organisms, mainly for food, ornamental and sporting purposes, is a fastest‐growing animal‐food‐producing sector in the world. The human‐mediated introduction of exotic fish has played an important role in the success story of aquaculture. Nonetheless, many exotic fish have been implicated in the loss of native fish biodiversity, largely through the transmission of parasites and diseases amongst others. Whilst the transmission of parasites following the introduction of exotic food fish is well documented, transfer of those carried by exotic ornamental fish has received little attention. This article provides the first summary review of the global translocation of the platyhelminthes class Monogenoidea via the aquarium fish trade to draw attention to the growing parasitological risk factors associated with this form of commerce. By examining the invasive characteristics of both aquarium fish and monogenoids, I review how the monogenoids fit into the different stages that an introduced species goes through when invading the destination environment. For this, I use a theoretical framework, synthesising published reports on the aquarium fish trade with current knowledge on monogenoids to model invasion success. Next, I provide examples of invasive monogenoids on exotic Indian aquarium fish and briefly discuss the vulnerability of India to colonisation by imported aquarium fish and their parasitic monogenoids. I conclude that the aquarium fish trade is a perfect gateway for worldwide translocation of monogenoids. As this trade continues to increase and intensify, global translocation of monogenoids will expand even further.
Vascular Access Surveillance: Time to End the Controversy
Authors: Polkinghorne Kevan R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe establishment and maintenance of permanent vascular access for hemodialysis patients are important clinical problems. Vascular access surveillance, currently mandated by theCMS, refers to the task of identifying and correcting an underlying vascular access stenosis to prolong vascular access patency and survival. While this premise makes intuitive sense, this article discusses the underlying evidence to support it, outlining disparate conclusions of clinical practice guidelines and a recent commentary by experts in vascular access.
Effect of Lipopolysaccharide Administration on the Number, Phenotype and Content of Nuclear Molecules in Blood Microparticles of Normal Human Subjects
Authors: Soop A. , Hållström L. , Frostell C. , Wallén H. , Mobarrez F. , Pisetsky D. S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMicroparticles (MPs) are small membrane‐bound vesicles that arise from activated and dying cells and promote inflammation and thrombosis. To characterize thein vivorelease ofMPs, we used flow cytometry to measureMPs in the blood of 15 healthy volunteers administered bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide orLPS) in the presence of a low dose of hydrocortisone with or without inhaled nitric oxide.MPs, defined as particles less than 1.0 μm in size, were assessed following labelling forCD42a,CD14 andCD62E orCD144 antibodies to identifyMPs from platelets (PMPs), monocytes (MMPs) and endothelial cells (EMPs). In addition,PMPs andMMPs were labelled with anti‐HMGB1 and stained withSYTO13 to assess nuclear acid content. Administration ofLPSled to an increase in the numbers ofPMPs,MMPs andEMPs as defined byCD62E, as well as the number ofMMPs andPMPs staining with anti‐HMGB1 andSYTO13. Inhalation ofNOdid not influence these findings. Together, these studies show thatLPScan increase levels of bloodMPs and influence phenotype, including nuclear content. As such, particles may be a source ofHMGB1 and other nuclear molecules in the blood during inflammation.
KIR diversity in three ethnic populations of Assam state, Northeast India
Authors: Dutta A. , Lourembam S. D. , Pradhan S. , Baruah S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) exhibit extensive diversity and it has been observed that populations with different ethno‐history, linguistic, geographic and genetic backgrounds can differ in KIR profile. In this context, we have investigated the KIR complex in three ethnic populations—Kachari (n = 108), Ahom (n = 104) and Adivasi (n = 101) of Assam, Northeast India. The three populations had 145 distinct KIR genotypes in 313 individuals typed. The two Mongoloid populations—Kachari and Ahom had close genetic affinities with their parental East Asian groups where the Kachari clustered with Chinese populations and the Ahom in another clade clustered with Thailand Bangkok and Polynesian populations. The Adivasi differed markedly from these Mongoloid populations in having higher KIR 2DL2, 2DS2, 2DS3 and 2DS5, but lower 2DL3 (P value <0.0001). Like the other native Indian populations, the Adivasi had higher share of Bx‐haplogroup and C4Tx genotype (37/101). However, unlike other Indian populations, KIR 3DS1 gene frequency was lower in Adivasi (21%) and was comparable to the African populations. The neighbor‐joining dendogram generated on the basis of KIR gene frequencies of our study populations with 43 world populations also placed the Adivasi with African populations. Interestingly, the three populations in the dendogram are consistent with their migration histories. In summary, our data suggest that KIR profile of the three ethnic populations displayed ethnic diversity and was consistent with their migration history thereby supporting the concept that KIR diversity may be used to understand genetic affinity and migration history of populations.
Airborne LiDAR and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Derived Vegetation Obstruction Factors for Visibility Models
Authors: Murgoitio Jayson , Shrestha Rupesh , Glenn Nancy , Spaete Lucas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch presented here explores the feasibility of leveraging vegetation data derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for visibility modeling. Using LiDAR and TLS datasets of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) dominant ecosystem, tree canopy and trunk obstructions were isolated relevant to a discrete visibility beam in a short‐range line‐of‐sight model. Cumulative obstruction factors from vegetation were compared with reference visibility values from digital photographs along sightline paths. LiDAR‐derived tree factors were augmented with single‐scan TLS data for obstruction prediction. Good correlation between datasets was found up to 10 m from the terrestrial scanner, but fine scale visibility modeling was problematic at longer distances. Analysis of correlation and regression results reveal the influence of obstruction shadowing inherent to discrete LiDAR and TLS, potentially limiting the feasibility of modeling visibility over large areas with similar technology. However, the results support the potential for TLS‐derived subcanopy metrics for augmenting large amounts of aerial LiDAR data to significantly improve models of forest structure. Subtle LiDAR processing improvements, including more accurate tree delineation through higher point density aerial data, combined with better vegetation quantification processes for TLS data, will advance the feasibility and accuracy of data integration.
Thinking about Space‐Time Connections: Spatiotemporal Scheduling of Individual Activities
Authors: Stewart Kathleen , Fan Junchuan , White Emily 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents a spatiotemporal model for scheduling applications that is driven by the events and activities individuals plan and manage every day. The framework is presented using an ontological approach where ontologies at different levels of generalization, e.g. domain, application, and task ontologies, are linked together through participation and inheritance relationships. S_Events are entered into a schedule as a new S_Entry, or modifications can be made to existing entries including reschedule, postpone, change location, and delete as schedules vary over time. These schedule updates are formalized through changes to planned start and end times and the planned locations of S_Entries are expressed using SWRL, a semantic web rule language. SWRL is also used for reasoning about schedule changes and the space‐time conflicts that can occur. The sequence of entries in a schedule gives rise to S_trajectories representing the locations that individuals plan to visit in order to carry out their schedule, adding an additional spatial element to the framework. A prototype Geoscheduler application maps S_Entries against a timeline, offering a spatiotemporal visualization of scheduled activities showing the evolution of a schedule over space‐time and affecting spatiotemporal accessibility for individuals.
Discovering Spatial Interaction Communities from Mobile Phone Data
Authors: Gao Song , Liu Yu , Wang Yaoli , Ma Xiujun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the age of Big Data, the widespread use of location‐awareness technologies has made it possible to collect spatio‐temporal interaction data for analyzing flow patterns in both physical space and cyberspace. This research attempts to explore and interpret patterns embedded in the network of phone‐call interaction and the network of phone‐users’ movements, by considering the geographical context of mobile phone cells. We adopt an agglomerative clustering algorithm based on a Newman‐Girvan modularity metric and propose an alternative modularity function incorporating a gravity model to discover the clustering structures of spatial‐interaction communities using a mobile phone dataset from one week in a city in China. The results verify the distance decay effect and spatial continuity that control the process of partitioning phone‐call interaction, which indicates that people tend to communicate within a spatial‐proximity community. Furthermore, we discover that a high correlation exists between phone‐users’ movements in physical space and phone‐call interaction in cyberspace. Our approach presents a combined qualitative‐quantitative framework to identify clusters and interaction patterns, and explains how geographical context influences communities of callers and receivers. The findings of this empirical study are valuable for urban structure studies as well as for the detection of communities in spatial networks.
Treatment of wastewater containing high concentrations of terephthalic acid by Comamonas sp. and Rhodococcus sp.: kinetic and stoichiometric characterization
Authors: Ordaz‐Cortés Alberto , Thalasso Frederic , Salgado‐Manjarrez Edgar , Garibay‐Orijel Claudio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this work, terephthalic acid degradation was studied with two strains that were isolated and identified as closely related to Comamonas (99%) and Rhodococcus (99%) genus. A characterization of both strains was carried out during batch experiments performed at two oxygen transfer capacities (0.094 ± 0.011 and 0.538 ± 0.042 g O2/L/h) and five concentrations of terephthalic acid (2.5 to 15.0 g/L). Maximum degradation rates of 0.073 ± 0.004 and 0.062 ± 0.003 g TOC/L/h, were observed, for Comamonas sp. and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. However, a degradation rate of 0.159 ± 0.011 g TOC/L/h was reached with a mixed culture. Haldane, Aiba, Edwards and Andrews models were used to fit terephthalic acid degradation kinetics, being Haldane the model that best fitted the results. Several parameters were determined including, maximum growth rate, growth yield, substrate affinity and inhibition constant.