bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and Using an S3R Model to Analyze Reasoning in Web‐Based Cross‐National Exchanges on Sustainability
Authors: MORIN OLIVIER , SIMONNEAUX LAURENCE , SIMONNEAUX JEAN , TYTLER RUSSELL , BARRAZA LAURA 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWithin the increasing body of research that examines students’ reasoning on socioscientific issues, we consider in particular student reasoning concerning acute, open‐ended questions that bring out the complexities and uncertainties embedded in ill‐structured problems. In this paper, we propose a socioscientific sustainability reasoning (S3R) model to analyze students’ reasoning exchanges on environmental socially acute questions (ESAQs). The paper describes the development of an epistemological analysis of how sustainability perspectives can be integrated into socioscientific reasoning, which emphasizes the need for S3R to be both grounded in context and collective. We argue the complexity of ESAQs requires a consideration of multiple dimensions that form the basis of our S3R analysis model: problematization, interactions, knowledge, uncertainties, values, and governance. For each dimension, in the model we have identified indicators of four levels of complexity. We investigated the usefulness of the model in identifying improvements in reasoning that flow from cross‐national web‐based exchanges between groups of French and Australian students, concerning a local and a global ESAQ. The S3R model successfully captured the nature of reasoning about socioscientific sustainability issues, with the collective negotiation of multiple forms of knowledge as a key characteristic in improving reasoning levels. The paper provides examples of collaborative argumentation in collective texts (wikis) to illustrate the various levels of reasoning in each dimension, and diagrammatic representation of the evolution of collective reflections. We observe that a staged process of construction and confrontation, involving groups representing to some extent different cultural and contextual stances, is powerful in eliciting reasoned argument of enhanced quality.
Concise Review: The Epigenetic Contribution to Stem Cell Ageing: Can We Rejuvenate Our Older Cells?
Authors: Armstrong Lyle , Al-Aama Jumana , Stojkovic Miodrag , Lako Majlinda 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Although certainly one of the most recognizable characteristics of human biology, aging remains one of the least understood. This is largely attributable to the fact that aging is both gradual and inherently complex, with almost all aspects of physiology and phenotype undergoing steady modification with advancing age. The complexity of the aging process does not allow for a single all-encompassing definition, yet decades of study using diverse systems, methodologies, and model organisms have begun to build a consensus regarding the central physiological characteristics of aging. Indeed, such studies have shown that the process of aging is invariably accompanied by a diminished capacity to adequately maintain tissue homeostasis or to repair tissues after injury. When homeostatic control diminishes to the point at which tissue/organ integrity and function are no longer sufficiently maintained, physiologic decline ensues, and aging is manifested. Inadequate organ homeostasis indicates possible dysfunction of tissue-specific stem cells. Several mechanisms have been postulated to account for age-related cellular changes; however, increasing literature evidence suggests that age-related changes to the epigenome make a major contribution to the aged phenotype. In this review, we discuss the evidence for epigenetic contributions to tissue-specific stem cell ageing. Stem Cells 2014;32:2291–2298
Hyparrhenia hirta: A potential protective agent against hematotoxicity and genotoxicity of sodium nitrate in adult rats
Authors: Bouaziz‐Ketata Hanen , Salah Ghada Ben , Mahjoubi Amira , Aidi Zied , Kallel Choumous , Kammoun Hassen , Fakhfakh Faiza , Zeghal Najiba 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study was carried out to examine the adverse hematotoxic and genotoxic effects of water nitrate pollution on male adult rats and the use of hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract in alleviating these effects. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was administered to adult rats by oral gavage at a dose of 400 mg kg−1 bw daily for 50 days, while hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract was given by drinking water at a dose of 1.5 mg mL−1 (200 mg kg−1 bw). The NaNO3‐treated group showed a significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit and a significant increase in total white blood cell, in neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged in treated groups compared to those of controls. Meanwhile, the results showed a marked reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with an elevation in the level of lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the total glutathione content, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of NaNO3‐treated group. Interestingly, NaNO3 treatment showed a significant increase in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations, aberrant metaphases and micronucleus in bone‐marrow cells. The oxidative stress induced by nitrate treatment might be the major cause for chromosomal rearrangements as free radicals leading to DNA damage. Hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract appeared to be effective against hematotoxic and genotoxic changes induced by nitrate, as evidenced by the improvement of the markers cited above. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1275–1284, 2015.
Relationship between salivary cortisol and depression in adolescent survivors of a major natural disaster
Authors: Yonekura Takashi , Takeda Kazunori , Shetty Vivek , Yamaguchi Masaki 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of salivary cortisol levels for screening mental states such as depression in adolescents following a natural disaster. We examined the relationship of salivary cortisol levels in adolescent survivors of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake with the depression subscale of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Subjects were 63 adolescent survivors (age = 14.29 years ± 0.51) who were administered the GHQ and provided saliva samples thrice daily (morning, afternoon and evening) over the course of 3 days. Based on the GHQ-depression subscores, subjects were divided into low and high depression groups. About 22 % of the subjects were classified into the high symptom group. When data collected over 3 days were used, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the salivary cortisol levels at the evening time point as well the ratio of the morning/evening levels (p < 0.05). Analyzed by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves, the morning/evening ratios showed a good power in discriminating between subjects with and without depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that repeated measurement of salivary cortisol levels over 3 days has utility in screening for depressive states in adolescents following a natural disaster.
Constipation prevalence in diabetic patients
Authors: Lins Neto Manoel Álvaro de Freitas , Moreno Keila Andreia Martins , da Graça Ravidson Carlos Correia , Lima Sandra Maria Gicó 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of constipation in diabetic patients treated at the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes and PAM Salgadinho, from April to August 2013.
Methods a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out through a questionnaire using the Rome III criteria in 372 patients treated at the outpatient endocrinology clinic.
Results of 372 patients evaluated, the frequency of constipation found was 31.2% among diabetic patients. Females predominated in the sample (72.8%) as well as for the frequency of constipation (80.2%). The incidence of type II diabetes was 97.3% and it was observed that 80.2% of the sample was older than 50 years. One hundred and twelve patients with inadequate glycemic control (HgA1c ≥ 7) had an association with constipation.
Conclusion there was an increased frequency of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the Rome III criteria, in relation to the general population. The inadequate glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus increases the frequency of constipation and it is necessary to perform studies that allow the confirmation of this association to demonstrate this hypothesis.
Twisted K-theory and obstructions against positive scalar curvature metrics
Authors: Pennig Ulrich 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe decompose θ(M), the twisted index obstruction to a positive scalar curvature metric for closed oriented manifolds with spin universal cover, into a pairing of a twisted K-homology with a twisted K-theory class and prove that θ(M) does not vanish if M is a closed orientable enlargeable manifold with spin universal cover.
SHEAF RECURSION AND A SEPARATION THEOREM
Authors: ACKERMAN NATHANAEL LEEDOM 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDefine a second order tree to be a map between trees (with fixed codomain). We show that many properties of ordinary trees have analogs for second order trees. In particular, we show that there is a notion of “definition by recursion on a well-founded second order tree” which generalizes “definition by transfinite recursion”. We then use this new notion of definition by recursion to prove an analog of Lusin’s Separation theorem for closure spaces of global sections of a second order tree.
MODEL-THEORETIC PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFILTERS BUILT BY INDEPENDENT
FAMILIES OF FUNCTIONS
Authors: MALLIARIS M. , SHELAH S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Our results in this paper increase the model-theoretic precision of a widely used
method for building ultrafilters, and so advance the general problem of
constructing ultrafilters whose ultrapowers have a precise degree of saturation.
We begin by showing that any flexible regular ultrafilter makes the product of
an unbounded sequence of finite cardinals large, thus saturating any stable
theory. We then prove directly that a “bottleneck” in the
inductive construction of a regular ultrafilter on λ
(i.e., a point after which all antichains of

${\cal P}\left( \lambda \right)/{\cal D}$

have cardinality less than λ)
essentially prevents any subsequent ultrafilter from being flexible, thus from
saturating any nonlow theory. The constructions are as follows. First, we
construct a regular filter

${\cal D}$

on λ so that any ultrafilter
extending

${\cal D}$

fails to

${\lambda ^ + }$

-saturate ultrapowers of the random graph, thus of any unstable
theory. The proof constructs the omitted random graph type directly. Second,
assuming existence of a measurable cardinal κ, we
construct a regular ultrafilter on

$\lambda &gt; \kappa$

which is λ-flexible but not

${\kappa ^{ + + }}$

-good, improving our previous answer to a question raised in
Dow (1985). Third, assuming a weakly compact cardinal
κ, we construct an ultrafilter to show that

${\rm{lcf}}\left( {{\aleph _0}} \right)$

may be small while all symmetric cuts of cofinality
κ are realized. Thus certain families of precuts
may be realized while still failing to saturate any unstable theory.
A REDUCTION TO THE COMPACT CASE FOR GROUPS DEFINABLE IN O-MINIMAL
STRUCTURES
Authors: CONVERSANO ANNALISA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Let

${\cal N}\left( G \right)$

be the maximal normal definable torsion-free subgroup of a
group G definable in an o-minimal structure M.
We prove that the quotient

$G/{\cal N}\left( G \right)$

has a maximal definably compact subgroup K,
which is definably connected and unique up to conjugation. Moreover, we show
that K has a definable torsion-free complement, i.e., there is
a definable torsion-free subgroup H such that

$G/{\cal N}\left( G \right) = K \cdot H$

and

$K\mathop \cap \nolimits^ \,H = \left\{ e \right\}$

. It follows that G is definably homeomorphic
to

$K \times {M^s}$

(with

$s = {\rm{dim}}\,G - {\rm{dim}}\,K$

), and homotopy equivalent to K. This gives a
(definably) topological reduction to the compact case, in analogy with Lie
groups.
Association between interleukin-10 polymorphisms and sepsis: a meta-analysis
Authors: PAN W. , ZHANG A. Q. , YUE C. L. , GAO J. W. , ZENG L. , GU W. , JIANG J. X. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYGenetic association studies of the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and sepsis have provided inconsistent results. This work attempts to further quantitatively assess the association of three widely evaluated polymorphisms of IL-10 (−592C/A, −819C/T, −1082A/G) with sepsis susceptibility through a meta-analysis. A search of Pubmed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was performed. Overall, the three polymorphisms have no strong association with sepsis risk. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed there was association between sepsis susceptibility with −592C/A in Caucasians (Avs. C: OR 0·78, 95% CI 0·62–1·00,P = 0·05; AA + CAvs. CC: OR 0·75, 95% CI 0·56–1·00,P = 0·05), and with −1082A/G in Asians (Gvs. A: OR 1·41, 95% CI 1·04–1·91,P = 0·03; GG + AGvs. AA: OR 2·11, 95% CI 1·07–4·16,P = 0·03). This meta-analysis suggests that −592C/A and −1082A/G polymorphisms are associated with sepsis susceptibility in Caucasian, and Asian populations, respectively.
3D Imaging of the Early Embryonic Chicken Heart with Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rennie Monique Y. , Gahan Curran G. , López Claudia S. , Thornburg Kent L. , Rugonyi Sandra 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEarly embryonic heart development is a period of dynamic growth and remodeling, with rapid changes occurring at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. A detailed understanding of the events that establish the components of the heart wall has been hampered by a lack of methodologies for three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution imaging. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) is a novel technology for imaging 3D tissue volumes at the subcellular level. FIB-SEM alternates between imaging the block face with a scanning electron beam and milling away thin sections of tissue with a FIB, allowing for collection and analysis of 3D data. FIB-SEM was used to image the three layers of the day 4 chicken embryo heart: myocardium, cardiac jelly, and endocardium. Individual images obtained with FIB-SEM were comparable in quality and resolution to those obtained with transmission electron microscopy. Up to 1,100 serial images were obtained in 4 nm increments at 4.88 nm resolution, and image stacks were aligned to create volumes 800–1,500 μm3 in size. Segmentation of organelles revealed their organization and distinct volume fractions between cardiac wall layers. We conclude that FIB-SEM is a powerful modality for 3D subcellular imaging of the embryonic heart wall.
SYMMETRIC GRAPHS WITH 2-ARC TRANSITIVE QUOTIENTS
Authors: XU GUANGJUN , ZHOU SANMING 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA graph $\Gamma $ is $G$-symmetric if $\Gamma $ admits $G$ as a group of automorphisms acting transitively on the set of vertices and the set of arcs of $\Gamma $, where an arc is an ordered pair of adjacent vertices. In the case when $G$ is imprimitive on $V(\Gamma )$, namely when $V(\Gamma )$ admits a nontrivial $G$-invariant partition ${\mathcal{B}}$, the quotient graph $\Gamma _{\mathcal{B}}$ of $\Gamma $ with respect to ${\mathcal{B}}$ is always $G$-symmetric and sometimes even $(G, 2)$-arc transitive. (A $G$-symmetric graph is $(G, 2)$-arc transitive if $G$ is transitive on the set of oriented paths of length two.) In this paper we obtain necessary conditions for $\Gamma _{{\mathcal{B}}}$ to be $(G, 2)$-arc transitive (regardless of whether $\Gamma $ is $(G, 2)$-arc transitive) in the case when $v-k$ is an odd prime $p$, where $v$ is the block size of ${\mathcal{B}}$ and $k$ is the number of vertices in a block having neighbours in a fixed adjacent block. These conditions are given in terms of $v, k$ and two other parameters with respect to $(\Gamma , {\mathcal{B}})$ together with a certain 2-point transitive block design induced by $(\Gamma , {\mathcal{B}})$. We prove further that if $p=3$ or $5$ then these necessary conditions are essentially sufficient for $\Gamma _{{\mathcal{B}}}$ to be $(G, 2)$-arc transitive.
Insurance company denial of payment and enforced changes in the type and dose of opioid analgesics for patients with cancer pain
Authors: Tanco Kimberson , Bruera Sofia E. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOpioids are the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe cancer pain. The variations in average monthly cost can make it difficult for most patients to procure them without adequate insurance coverage. There are increasing numbers of denials of payment and statements made by insurance agents and other sources regarding inappropriate opioid use, resulting in severe pain and emotional distress for cancer patients and their families. This case series describes five events where the insurer was a major barrier to opioid access.
The need for a multidisciplinary approach to pain management in advanced cancer: A clinical case
Authors: Didwaniya Neha , Tanco Kimberson , de la Cruz Maxine , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAdvanced cancer patients are often affected by multiple complex symptoms brought about by persistent nociceptive stimuli and intense psychosocial distress. One such complex symptom, cancer pain, has continued to pose a challenge in medical management even though the concept of total pain was described several years ago by Cicely Saunders. Oftentimes, the application of a multidisciplinary approach is delayed after numerous opioid dose escalations and invasive procedures have been performed. The case presented here highlights the importance of timely multidisciplinary intervention and the use of an acute palliative care unit, which resulted in adequate pain control after multiple medical and invasive procedures that caused toxicities.
Azimuthally periodic wedge-shaped metal vane loaded circular ring frequency selective surface
Authors: Bharti Garima , Jha Kumud Ranjan , Singh Ghanshyam , Jyoti Rajeev 
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the analysis and simulation of a novel geometrical structure of the frequency selective surface (FSS), which has been achieved through the conductive loading of the simple circular ring with wedge-shaped metal vanes has been discussed. The electrical performance and behavior of the proposed structure have been studied in Ku band (12–18 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum for satellite communication. We have radially optimized the proposed structure to enhance the performance, such as reflection and transmission bandwidth. We have also discussed the effect of incident electric field at 0°, 10°, 30°, and 50° on the electrical performance of the proposed FSS. In addition to this, the effect of angular sensitivity on the proposed structure through increasing the number of conductive loaded wedge-shaped metal vanes is also explored. However, the structural parameters of the proposed FSS have been obtained through the synthesis technique. The analytical results obtained from the synthesis technique have been supported by the simulation results achieved through CST Microwave Studio as well as Ansoft high frequency structural simulator (HFSS), which are commercially available simulators based on the finite integral and finite-element technique, respectively. Furthermore, for validation of the numerical results, the Ansoft circuit simulator which is based on mixed potential integral equations (MPIE) and solved by the method-of-moment has also been used to obtain the reflection and transmission parameters through the values of inductance and capacitance, which have been achieved by the numerical analysis.
Incremental Prediction and Moderating Role of the Perceived Emotional Intelligence over Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Peláez-Fernández María Angeles , Extremera Natalio , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this research was to explore the influence of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on aggression dimensions (Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger) above and beyond the effects of gender, age, and personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience), as well as the moderating role of PEI on the relationship between personality and aggressive behavior, among young adults. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Aggression Questionnaire were administered to a 313 Spanish community sample, comprised of both males (39.0%) and females (61.0%), ranging from 14 to 69 years old (X= 24.74;SD= 9.27). Controlling the effects of age, gender, and personality, PEI dimensions (Attention, Clarity and Repair) accounted for 3% of the variance (p< .05) in Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Interaction analysis showed that all PEI subscales moderated the relationship between four out of the Big-Five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience) and the aggression dimensions. Particularly, the interaction between Attention and Extraversion and between Clarity and Neuroticism were significant predictors of Total Aggression (b= .67,t(313) = 2.35,p< .05;b= –.71,t(313) = –2.50,p< .05). The results show evidence of the predictive and incremental validity of PEI dimensions on aggressive behavior among young adults and of the moderating role of PEI on the personality-aggression relationship.
Dynamics of bacterial community succession in a salt marsh chronosequence: evidences for temporal niche partitioning
Authors: Dini-Andreote Francisco , de Cássia Pereira e Silva Michele , Triadó-Margarit Xavier , Casamayor Emilio O , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Salles Joana Falcão 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying community assembly and promoting temporal succession are often overlooked in microbial ecology. Here, we studied an undisturbed salt marsh chronosequence, spanning over a century of ecosystem development, to understand bacterial succession in soil. We used 16S rRNA gene-based quantitative PCR to determine bacterial abundance and multitag 454 pyrosequencing for community composition and diversity analyses. Despite 10-fold lower 16S rRNA gene abundances, the initial stages of soil development held higher phylogenetic diversities than the soil at late succession. Temporal variations in phylogenetic β-diversity were greater at initial stages of soil development, possibly as a result of the great dynamism imposed by the daily influence of the tide, promoting high immigration rates. Allogenic succession of bacterial communities was mostly driven by shifts in the soil physical structure, as well as variations in pH and salinity, which collectively explained 84.5% of the variation concerning community assemblage. The community assembly data for each successional stage were integrated into a network co-occurrence analysis, revealing higher complexity at initial stages, coinciding with great dynamism in turnover and environmental variability. Contrary to a spatial niche-based perspective of bacterial community assembly, we suggest temporal niche partitioning as the dominant mechanism of assembly (promoting more phylotype co-occurrence) in the initial stages of succession, where continuous environmental change results in the existence of multiple niches over short periods of time.