bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of febrile convulsion in home settings: a qualitative study of multiple caregiver practices in the Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Bernard Afriyie 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundFebrile convulsion (FC) among children is a common emergency concern received in hospitals and clinics. However, in Ghana, FC is commonly perceived as a non-hospital disease and usually managed at home. There is limited research on the home management of FC. This study, therefore, explored the home management of FC.MethodsThe study design was a descriptive and interpretive phenomenology. Data sources were triangulated among 42 participants across 5 communities within 2 km distance from regional hospitals in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Participants were purposively selected and interviewed face to face in their homes and treatment centres using semistructured interview guides. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed with QSR NVivo V.14.ResultsThree themes were identified from the inductive analysis. These themes were treatment, prevention and case referral. Subthemes on treatment were tepid sponging with lukewarm water, the use of herbal medicine and spiritual approaches. FC was referred to as ‘asram suro’. The ‘asram’ literally means the moon, and ‘suro’ connotes the skies, indicating possibly that the condition emanates from a god of the moon. Caregivers prevented FC through behavioural approaches, herbal medicine, and mystical approaches including making scarification and tying amulets and beads particularly on the child’s face and wrists respectively. FC cases were referred for clinical attention after home care resulted in undesirable treatment outcomes. A conceptual framework depicting the decision-making and practices towards FC management is presented.ConclusionFC is commonly managed at home independent of orthodox care availability. Caregivers employed herbal and ad hoc treatment regimens, usually unwarranted, visually frightening and spiritual approaches which were not the best home management approaches. These findings call for the need to educate caregivers about the best home management of FC.
Cortical–striatal network functional connectivity markers in poststroke fatigue: a single-centre fMRI case–control study protocol
Authors: Tang Wai Kwong , Hui Edward Sai Kam , Leung Wai H 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionStructural and functional abnormalities in the cortical–striatal network (CSN) are hypothesised to play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurological disease-associated fatigue. Some small-scale functional MRI (fMRI) studies have suggested that poststroke fatigue (PSF) is related to focal functional connectivity (FC) changes. To date, there has been no published large-scale fMRI study on PSF. This planned study will examine the role of the CSN FC on PSF.Methods and analysisThe planned study will be a prospective cohort study conducted at the Neurology Unit of the Prince of Wales Hospital. We will recruit 738 participants. The project duration will be 36 months. A psychiatrist will administer the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) at 3 months (P1) following the index stroke. PSF is defined as an FSS Score≥4.0. PSF severity will be defined by the FSS total score at P1. Participants with PSF at P1 will undergo two follow-up assessments at 9 (P2) and 15 (P3) months post stroke. PSF remission at P2 or P3 will be defined as a 50% reduction in FSS. Participants will undergo MRI examinations within 2 weeks of the 3-month poststroke assessment. Structural MRI, resting-state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging will be performed. FC, structural connectivity, infarcts, cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities will be analysed. For the primary analysis, the effect of PSF on the FC, structural connectivity and diffusion metrics of CSN of stroke survivors, voxel-wise two-sample t-tests will be performed with FDR correction for multiple comparison and significance level set at p<0.05.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong–New Territories East Cluster clinical research ethics committee. The study findings will be shared through peer-reviewed journal publications, national and international conferences and social media platforms.
How to distinguish promotion, prevention and treatment trials in public mental health? Study protocol for the development of the VErona-LUgano Tool (VELUT)
Authors: Purgato Marianna , Albanese Emiliano , Papola Davide , Prina Eleonora , Tedeschi Federico , Gross Alden , Sijbrandij Marit , Acarturk Ceren , Annoni Anna Maria , Silva Manuela , Jordans Mark J D , Lund Crick , Tol Wietse A , Cuijpers Pim , Barbui Corrado 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPromoting mental health, preventing and treating mental disorders are critically important in public health, and many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate intervention strategies for these objectives. However, distinguishing promotion from prevention and from treatment RCTs is challenging. A tool to place studies along the promotion-to-treatment continuum in mental health research does not exist, leaving it to researchers and policymakers to decide on how to classify individual RCTs, which hinders evidence synthesis.Methods and analysisWe present a protocol for the development of a new tool to assist researchers in distinguishing RCTs along the promotion-to-treatment continuum. We will establish a Tool Development Group, and use the Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework to define constructs. We will generate, define, categorise and reduce the items in the tool using qualitative methods, including cognitive interviews and a Delphi exercise. Psychometric evaluation—including unidimensionality, local independence, monotonicity and item homogeneity—will include data collection, scoring, internal consistency checks and factor analysis of the tool’s indicators for available RCTs. We will use standard Cohen’s kappa statistics to assess the reliability of the tool.Ethics and disseminationThis study involves data collection from the already published literature. However, this protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the Università della Svizzera Italiana (CE 2024 04). The results of the present project will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at international and national scientific meetings. Training materials for the application of the tool will also be developed and disseminated to the scientific community. The tool and all related implementation materials will be published on a website and will be freely accessible to the public.
Characteristics of effective parent-mediated interventions for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in rural areas: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Cullenward Julia , Curtin Michael , Dos Santos Vagner 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionParent-mediated interventions are therapeutic approaches that use parent training to enable parents to provide primary support and intervention to their child through the development of necessary skills, knowledge, and resources.Parent-mediated interventions can be broadly divided into two stages: (1) Clinicians educating, training and coaching parents in the implementation of an intervention and relevant information regarding their child’s condition and (2) Parent(s) mediating and implementing the intervention based on the coaching and education received. These interventions can act as the primary intervention for children or supplement clinical interventions. This review will include both stages of the implementation process as well as both primary and supplementary interventions. Outcomes of parent-mediated interventions include long-term symptom reduction, improved prognosis for a wide range of behavioural and brain functions and enhanced parent–child dyadic social communication.Methods and analysisThis systematic review aims to synthesise existing evidence and identify the characteristics of effective parent-mediated intervention for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders residing in rural areas. Systematic searches of CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest allied health and nursing database, Ebscohost Psych and Behavioural database and SocINDEX were conducted twice with the latest completed on 5 March 2024 using preidentified search terms. Citations will be imported into EndNote V.20.6 (Clarivate Analytics, Pennsylvania, USA) to organise and de-duplicate and then Covidence to complete screening and extraction. The articles will be screened and reviewed following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for systematic reviews of Mixed methods. The JBI appraisal tools for systematic reviews will be used to assess the trustworthiness, relevance and results of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies. The scope of the literature analysed will include articles published between 2013 and 2024 in English. Literature was limited to the last 10 years to ensure the relevance of results as the intention is to report on current evidence. The start date of the study was March 2023 and the planned completion date is October 2024.Ethics and disseminationThis study will neither involve human nor animal subjects and does not require ethics approval. Results will be disseminated to relevant groups in peer-reviewed journal(s) and at relevant children and parent health conferences or rural conferences. The key outcomes will also be shared on social media to support access for non-research audiences.
Beach Sprints Rowing: Injury and Illness Prevalence at the 2022 World Championships
Authors: DeLeo Joseph Michael , Ackerman Kathryn , Verhagen Evert , Fry Andrew C , Wilson Fiona 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundInjury and illness surveillance helps establish the infrastructure to provide adequate medical support at regattas and is the foundation for developing prevention strategies.Objective(s)To assess the prevalence and characteristics of injuries in the 4 weeks before the start of the 2022 World Rowing Beach Sprints Finals (WRBSF) (the ‘Prevalence Survey’) and describe the incidence and nature of new-onset injuries and illnesses incurred during the WRBSF (the ‘Incidence Survey’).MethodsAthletes completed: (1) a prevalence survey recording injuries the 4 weeks before the WRBSF and (2) a recording of injuries and illnesses that occurred during the 3-day regatta.ResultsFifty-nine of 152 eligible WRBSF athletes completed the prevalence injury survey. Twenty-three (38.9%) reported experiencing at least one injury within the 4 weeks before the WRBSF. The most prevalent anatomical injury sites were the forearm (11.86%), lumbar spine (10.17%), knee (8.47%), ankle (6.78%) and hand/fingers (6.78%). During the competition, only two illness occurrences were reported; both were respiratory infections. Two athletes reported injuries: a hamstring strain and a concussion.ConclusionRowers presenting to the WRBSF described injuries leading up to the event that were similar to those common in classic rowing. Rowers at the event suffered injuries of the lower limb that were different from classic rowing and may be related to the addition of running to this event. An event concussion should be considered as a more likely injury in this type of rowing and future events should be prepared to manage such an injury.
ALOX5 contributes to glioma progression by promoting 5-HETE-mediated immunosuppressive M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Jiangang , Wang Chenci , Wang Zhengwei , Zhou Jiayi , Lin Jiani , Mao Jie , Pan Tingzheng , Wang Jianwei , Xu Hongchao , He Xiaosheng , Wu Dinglan , Liu Zhuohao 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundOxylipin metabolism plays an essential role in glioma progression and immune modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Lipid metabolic reprogramming has been linked to macrophage remodeling, while the understanding of oxylipins and their catalyzed enzymes lipoxygenases in the regulation of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) remains largely unexplored.MethodsTo explore the pathophysiological relevance of oxylipin in human glioma, we performed Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis in human glioma and non-tumor brain tissues. To comprehensively investigate the role of arachidonate lipoxygenase 5 (ALOX5) in glioma, we performedin vivobioluminescent imaging, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis on tumors from orthotopic glioma-bearing mice. We developed an ALOX5-targeted nanobody, and tested its anti-glioma efficacy of combination therapy with α-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1).ResultsIn this study, we found that ALOX5 and its oxylipin 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) are upregulated in glioma, accumulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)+M2-GAMs and orchestrating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, 5-HETE derived from ALOX5-overexpressing glioma cells, promotes GAMs migration, PD-L1 expression, and M2 polarization by facilitating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Additionally, a nanobody targeting ALOX5 is developed that markedly suppresses 5-HETE efflux from glioma cells, attenuates M2 polarization of GAMs, and consequently ameliorates glioma progression. Furthermore, the combination therapy of the ALOX5-targeted nanobody plus α-PD-1 exhibits superior anti-glioma efficacy.ConclusionsOur findings reveal a pivotal role of the ALOX5/5-HETE axis in regulating GAMs and highlight the ALOX5-targeted nanobody as a potential therapeutic agent, which could potentiate immune checkpoint therapy for glioma.
Determining cold strain in cold air: a comparison of two methods of partitional calorimetry to calculate heat storage and debt in cold air with mild hypothermia
Authors: Wallace Phillip J. , Hartley Geoffrey L. , Cheung Stephen S. 
Published: August 2024

We compared two methods of partitional calorimetry to calculate heat storage and heat debt during cold air (0°C) exposure causing mild core cooling. Twelve participants performed a 5 min baseline in thermoneutral conditions (∼22.0°C, ∼50% relative humidity) followed by cold air exposure (∼0°C) until rectal temperature was reduced by ∆−0.5°C. Partitional calorimetry was used to calculate avenues of heat exchange (radiative, convective, and evaporative), heat storage, and heat debt continuously throughout cold exposure. We compared deriving these variables using prediction equations based on environmental and participant characteristics (PCALEquation Method) versus using measurement tools such as humidity sensors and heat flux discs (PCALHeat Flux Method). There were significant differences between methods (all p ≤ 0.001) for determining heat exchange, heat storage, and heat debt. At ∆−0.5°C, PCALHeat Flux Method had greater levels of radiative and convective heat exchange (PCALHeat Flux Method: −143.0 ± 16.8 W∙m2 vs PCALEquation Method: −123.0 ± 12.9 W∙m2, p ≤ 0.001), evaporative heat exchange (PCALHeat Flux Method: −9.0 ± 1.7 W∙m2 vs PCALEquation Method: −4.1 ± 0.0 W∙m2, p ≤ 0.001), heat storage (PCALHeat Flux Method: −15.0 ± 31.0 W∙m2 vs PCALEquation Method: +6.0 ± 25.9 W∙m2, p = 0.020), and heat debt (PCALHeat Flux Method: −692.0 ± 315.0 kJ vs PCALEquation Method: −422.0 ± 136.0 kJ, p ≤ 0.001). Overall, this study found the largest discrepancies between the two methods were when the environmental conditions and skin temperature were in high flux, as well as when core temperature was reduced by ∆−0.5°C. The use of PCALHeat Flux Method may be more advantageous to use in the cold to provide a higher resolution measurement of cold strain.
Consistent excesses in the search for $$\varvec{\tilde{\chi }_{2}^0\tilde{\chi }_{1}^\pm :}$$ wino/bino vs. Higgsino dark matter
Authors: Chakraborti Manimala , Heinemeyer Sven , Saha Ipsita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe quest for supersymmetric (SUSY) particles is among the main search channels currently pursued at the LHC. Particularly, electroweak (EW) particles with masses as low as a few hundred GeV are still viable. Recent searches for the “golden channel”, $$pp \rightarrow \tilde{\chi }_{2}^0 \tilde{\chi }_{1}^\pm \rightarrow \tilde{\chi }_{1}^0 Z^{(*)} \, \tilde{\chi }_{1}^0 W^{\pm (*)}$$

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show consistent excesses between ATLAS and CMS in the 2 lepton, 3-lepton and mono-jet searches, assuming "Equation missing" and $$\Delta m:= m_{\tilde{\chi }_{2}^0} - m_{\tilde{\chi }_{1}^0} \approx 20 \,\, \textrm{GeV}$$

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. This mass configuration arises naturally in SUSY scenarios with wino/bino Dark Matter (DM) or higgsino DM. In these scenarios the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), assumed to be the lightest neutralino, $$\tilde{\chi }_{1}^0$$

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, as a DM candidate is in good agreement with the observed limits on the DM content of the universe, as well as with negative results from Direct Detection (DD) experiments. We analyze these two scenarios with respect to the observed excesses, taking into account all relevant experimental constraints. We show that in particular wino/bino DM with different signs of the SU(2) and U(1) soft SUSY-breaking parameters can describe well the experimental excesses, while being in agreement with all other constraints.
Polarized image of a synchrotron emitting ring around a static hairy black hole in Horndeski theory
Authors: Shi Han-Yu , Zhu Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the polarization images of a synchrotron-emitting fluid ring surrounding a static hairy black hole within the framework of Horndeski’s theory. Our findings indicate that the characteristics of these polarization images are predominantly influenced by the hairy parameter, alongside the magnetic field near the black hole, the fluid’s velocity, and the observer’s inclination angle. Specifically, the hairy parameter primarily affects the polarized intensity and the apparent radius of the ring in the images. Conversely, the impacts of the magnetic field, fluid velocity, and inclination angle on the polarization images are found to be independent of the hairy parameter and closely resemble those observed in the context of Schwarzschild black holes. Additionally, the polarization direction is significantly influenced by the magnetic field orientation, while the inclination angle crucially determines the apparent flatness of the images. Variations in the fluid velocity direction also markedly affect the trend in polarized intensity. Furthermore, we explore how these parameters influence the Stokes $$Q-U$$

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loops, revealing distinct behaviors in response to changes in the aforementioned variables. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the intricate dynamics and observational signatures of black holes within alternative gravitational theories.
Perfusion Imaging‐Based Triage for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Trends in Use and Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Yoon , Kim Do Yeon , Kim Jun Yup , Kang Jihoon , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon‐Ku , Kim Yong Soo , Kang Kyusik , Kim Jae Guk , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Choi Jin‐Kyo , Park Sang‐Soon , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyungbok , Kwon Doo Hyuk , Lee Jun , Park Hong‐Kyun , Cho Yong‐Jin , Hong Keun‐Sik , Lee Minwoo , Oh MI Sun , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Lee Byung‐Chul , Kim Hyunsoo , Choi Kangho , Kim Joon‐Tae , Gwak Dong‐Seok , Kim Dong‐Eog , Kang Chul‐Hoo , Kim Joong‐Goo , Choi Jay Chol , Yum Kyu Sun , Shin Dong‐Ick , Kim Wook‐Joo , Kwon Jee‐Hyun , Park Hyungjong , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Sohn Sungil , Lee Sang‐Hwa , Kim Chulho , Park Chan‐Young , Jeong Hae‐Bong , Park Kwang‐Yeol , Lee Dongwhane , Park Jong‐Moo , Lee Keon‐Joo , Han Jung Hoon , Kim Chi Kyung , Oh Kyungmi , Woo Ho Geol , Heo Sung Hyuk , Kim Jonguk , Lee Juneyoung , Lee Ji Sung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee‐Joon ,   and on behalf of the CRCS‐K‐NIH investigators
Published: August 2024

Background
Perfusion imaging (PI) serves as a valuable tool for triaging patients with acute ischemic stroke for endovascular treatment (EVT). This study aims to investigate trends in PI use and its impacts on EVT rates and clinical outcomes, particularly focusing on variations across different time windows.

Methods
Data from a prospective, nationwide, acute stroke registry in South Korea were analyzed retrospectively. PI was regarded as treatment‐decision imaging when conducted either (1) prior to EVT, or (2) within 3 hours from hospital arrival in patients not receiving EVT. The study spanned 3 epochs: 2011–2014, 2015–2017, and 2018–2021. Based on the time from onset to arrival, patients were categorized into 2 time windows: early (0–6 hours) and late (6–24 hours). We evaluated EVT rates and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior large vessel occlusion.

Results
From 2011 to 2021 among 49 449 patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 24 hours of onset, PI use rates declined from 36.9% to 30.1%. In the early window, rates dropped from 48.4% to 32.4%, whereas in the late window, they increased from 23.5% to 27.8%. Factors such as older age, atrial fibrillation, anterior large vessel occlusion, and severe stroke were associated with higher rates in the late window. Conversely, younger age and male sex were associated with higher rates in the early window. For patients with anterior large vessel occlusion, PI use increased the likelihood of receiving EVT in the late window and minimized the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the early window. However, 3‐month functional outcomes and mortality were. unaffected.

Conclusion
The study revealed distinct trends in PI use across early and late time windows, indicating varying roles of PI in these time frames. However, the definitive value and necessity of PI in guiding EVT decision‐making remain unclear, underscoring the need for further research
Electrical Signaling Beyond Neurons
Authors: Monk Travis , Dennler Nik , Ralph Nicholas , Rastogi Shavika , Afshar Saeed , Urbizagastegui Pablo , Jarvis Russell , van Schaik André , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neural action potentials (APs) are difficult to interpret as signal encoders and/or computational primitives. Their relationships with stimuli and behaviors are obscured by the staggering complexity of nervous systems themselves. We can reduce this complexity by observing that “simpler” neuron-less organisms also transduce stimuli into transient electrical pulses that affect their behaviors. Without a complicated nervous system, APs are often easier to understand as signal/response mechanisms. We review examples of nonneural stimulus transductions in domains of life largely neglected by theoretical neuroscience: bacteria, protozoans, plants, fungi, and neuron-less animals. We report properties of those electrical signals—for example, amplitudes, durations, ionic bases, refractory periods, and particularly their ecological purposes. We compare those properties with those of neurons to infer the tasks and selection pressures that neurons satisfy. Throughout the tree of life, nonneural stimulus transductions time behavioral responses to environmental changes. Nonneural organisms represent the presence or absence of a stimulus with the presence or absence of an electrical signal. Their transductions usually exhibit high sensitivity and specificity to a stimulus, but are often slow compared to neurons. Neurons appear to be sacrificing the specificity of their stimulus transductions for sensitivity and speed. We interpret cellular stimulus transductions as a cell’s assertion that it detected something important at that moment in time. In particular, we consider neural APs as fast but noisy detection assertions. We infer that a principal goal of nervous systems is to detect extremely weak signals from noisy sensory spikes under enormous time pressure. We discuss neural computation proposals that address this goal by casting neurons as devices that implement online, analog, probabilistic computations with their membrane potentials. Those proposals imply a measurable relationship between afferent neural spiking statistics and efferent neural membrane electrophysiology.