bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Low‐Temperature Approach to Tin‐Containing ZnO Nanocrystals with Tunable Tin Concentrations Using Heterobimetallic Sn/Zn Single‐Source Precursors
Authors: Tsaroucha Marianna , Aksu Yilmaz , Epping Jan Dirk , Driess Matthias 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStannyl‐substituted [(RZn)4(OR′)4] cubanes with different tin‐containing alkoxy groups [Ph3SnOZnMe] (1), [Ph3SnOZnEt] (2), [Me3SnOZntBu] (3), and [Ph3SnOZntBu] (4) are easily accessible by Brønsted acid–base reaction of the corresponding triorganotin hydroxides with ZnMe2, ZnEt2, and Zn(tBu)2, respectively. All new compounds 1–4 were characterized by various spectroscopic methods and the structures of 1 and 3 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The thermal degradation of the precursors 1–4 under dry synthetic air (20 % O2, 80 %N2) was studied and the final oxide materials were characterized by employing powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Remarkably, compounds 1 and 2 proved to be suitable as single‐source precursors (SSPs) for the efficient preparation of tin‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with tunable tin concentrations as a promising system for steering and improving the optoelectronic properties of tin‐doped ZnO. Using 3 as SSP furnishes tin‐containing ZnO materials with good electron mobilities at relatively low processing temperatures (350 °C) for thin‐film transistor (TFT) applications. All the thin films of tin‐doped ZnO prepared by spin‐coating on silicon wafers are of great homogeneity and amorphous structure, which is promising for future applications in the field of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs).
An Evaluation of the Transdiagnostic Cognitive‐behavioural Model of Eating Disorders
Authors: Lampard Amy M. , Tasca Giorgio A. , Balfour Louise , Bissada Hany 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the relationships between additional maintaining factors and core eating disorder maintaining mechanisms outlined in the cognitive‐behavioural model of eating disorders are transdiagnostic.MethodPatients (n = 1451) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa (BN) or eating disorder not otherwise specified completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 and Personality Assessment Inventory prior to entering treatment.ResultsMulti‐group structural equation modelling results suggested that low self‐esteem, overevaluation of weight and shape, and mood intolerance processes were transdiagnostic. However, some differences between diagnostic groups were observed. Dietary restraint was only positively associated with binge eating in BN, interpersonal difficulties were only associated with dietary restraint in eating disorder not otherwise specified and perfectionism was not associated with core eating disorder maintaining mechanisms in BN.DiscussionA mixture of transdiagnostic and disorder‐specific processes was implicated in the maintenance of eating disorders, although longitudinal research is needed to validate results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Degradable magnesium‐based implant materials with anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Peng Qiuming , Li Kun , Han Zengsheng , Wang Erde , Xu Zhigang , Liu Riping , Tian Yongjun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to prepare a new biodegradable Mg‐based biomaterial, which provides good mechanical integrity in combination with anti‐inflammatory function during the degradation process. The silver element was used, because it improved the mechanical properties as an effective grain refiner and it is also treated as a potential anti‐inflammatory core. The new degradable Mg‐Zn‐Ag biomaterial was prepared by zone solidification technology and extrusion. The mechanical properties were mostly enhanced by fine grain strengthening. In addition, the alloys exhibited good cytocompatibility. The anti‐inflammatory function of degradation products was identified by both interleukin‐1α and nitric oxide modes. The anti‐inflammatory impact was significantly associated with the concentration of silver ion. It was demonstrated that Mg‐Zn‐Ag system was a potential metallic stent with anti‐inflammatory function, which can reduce the long‐term dependence of anti‐inflammatory drug after coronary stent implantation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Benefits of using algae as natural sources of functional ingredients
Authors: Ibañez Elena , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlgae have been suggested as a potential source of bioactive compounds to be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. With the strong development of functional foods as a method to improve or maintain health, the exploration of new compounds with real health effects is now an intense field of research. The potential use of algae as source of functional food ingredients, such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, carotenoids, etc., is presented, together with the different possibilities of improving valuable metabolites production either using the tools and the knowledge provided by marine biotechnology or improving the different factors involved in the production on a large scale of such metabolites. The bio‐refinery concept is also presented as a way to improve the efficient use of algae biomass while favouring process sustainability. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Anaerobically digested food waste in compost for Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus subrufescens and its effect on mushroom productivity
Authors: Stoknes Ketil , Beyer David M , Norgaard Erik 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundSource‐separated food waste is increasingly being treated by means of hygienisation followed by anaerobic digestion. The fibrous digester residue (digestate) is a potential mushroom substrate, while heat from the biogas can provide steam for the cultivation process. Using bag experiments the present study explored digestate as a full substitute for chicken manure conventionally used in mushroom composts.ResultsAfter mixing, a rapid temperature development in the compost was stimulated by a small amount of chicken manure, as aerobic microbial seeding. Mechanical elimination of lumps was essential for full mycelial colonisation. Three straw digestate composts had Agaricus bisporus mushroom yields above 370 g kg−1 substrate. The optimal compost water content was 600 g kg−1 at inoculation, and high digestate content (up to 500 g kg−1 by dry weight) did not affect yield for this species. High yields of A. subrufescens (200 g kg−1) were related to drier composts of lower digestate content (more straw) and lower pH values at inoculation.ConclusionDigestate successfully substituted chicken manure in straw composts without affecting mushroom yields for both species. There were no clear differences between straw digestate and control composts in terms of mushroom dry matter, size, nitrogen or ash content. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Mucosal changes in laryngopharyngeal reflux—prevalence, sensitivity, specificity and assessment
Authors: Powell Jason , Cocks Helen C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:A literature review regarding the use of laryngopharyngeal mucosal signs in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study Design:Literature review.Methods:A search of MEDLINE in February 2012 using the terms laryngopharyngeal reflux, laryngitis, mucosa, appearances, and signs (English language only).Results:One or more laryngopharyngeal mucosal signs associated with LPR were identified in 64% to 93% of healthy volunteers (3% >5 signs) and in 17% to 85% of gastroesophageal reflux disease sufferers (Reflux Finding Score [RFS] >7 in 24%). Reinke's edema, pseudosulcus, ventricular obliteration, vocal cord nodules, and granulomas have in some, but not all studies, been shown to be more prevalent in those with pH‐proven pharyngeal reflux. Pseudosulcus, interarytenoid thickening, and Reinke's edema were more prevalent in those symptomatic of LPR than those not. The use of multiple mucosal signs may improve detection of reflux sufferers from asymptomatic controls. The RFS has a sensitivity and specificity of 87.8% and 37.5%, respectively, for picking up pH‐proven pharyngeal reflux individuals. Inter‐ and intrarater reliability for identifying signs is fair to good in most studies.Conclusions:The limited evidence for each mucosal finding should be considered in making the diagnosis of LPR. Further quality research in to mucosal findings in LPR is needed.
Cases of Complete Integrability in Transcendental Functions in Dynamics and Certain Invariant Indices
Authors: Shamolin Maxim V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe results of this work appeared in the process of studying a certain problem on the rigid body motion in a medium with resistance, where we needed to deal with first integrals having nonstandard properties. Precisely, they are not analytic, not smooth, and on certain sets, they can be even discontinuous. Moreover, they are expressed through a finite combination of elementary functions. However, the latter circumstances allowed us to carry out a complete analysis of all phase trajectories and show those their properties which have a “roughness” and are preserved for systems of a more general form having certain symmetries of latent type. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure preserving simulation of monopedal jumping
Authors: Koch Michael W. , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis work considers the structure preserving simulation of three‐dimensional multibody dynamics with contacts. The used variational integrator is based on a discrete version of the Lagrange‐d'Alembert principle, which yields a symplectic momentum method. One of our main goals is to guarantee the structure preservation and the geometric correctness, thus we solve the non‐smooth problem including the computation of the contact configuration, time and force instead of relying on a smooth approximation of the contact problem via a penalty potential. In addition to the formulation of non‐smooth problems in forward dynamic simulations, we are interested in the optimal control of the monopedal high jump. The optimal control problem is solved using a direct transcription method transforming it into a finite dimensional constrained optimisation problem. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Planned contacts and collision avoidance in optimal control problems
Authors: Leyendecker Sigrid , Johnson Gwen , Ortiz Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn previous works, discrete mechanics and optimal control for constrained systems (DMOCC) has been introduced for the structure preserving simulation of optimal control problems for rigid multibody systems, whereby possible contacts or collisions between the bodies have been disregarded. In the formulation presented here, both collision avoidance as well as explicitly planned collisions between non‐smooth bodies are included. To this end, a subdifferentiable global contact detection algorithm, the supporting separating hyperplane linear program (SSHLP), based on the signed distance between supporting hyperplanes of two convex sets, is used in the simulation of optimal control problems. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Biphasic FEM Model for the Microperfusion in Liver Lobules
Authors: Werner Daniel , Ricken Tim , Dahmen Uta , Dirsch Olaf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe here presented 3D‐FEM model describes of microperfusion in liver lobules with the main focus on the remodeling of the microperfusion after a hepato‐venous outflow obstruction caused for example by liver resection. Via a dilatation and reorientation of small vessels within the lobule, the so called sinusoids, a connection between the obstructed and normal drained areas is established. For the remodeling of the microperfusion the phenomenological approach, namely that the reorientation of the sinusoids mainly depends on the blood pressure gradient, is applied. A biphasic homogenized approach within the framework of the theory of porous media (TPM) is chosen for the modeling of the microperfusion. This work sums up the constitutive equations for the biphasic model regarding the filter velocity and transversely isotropic permeability depending on our phenomenological approach. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiphasic modelling of human brain tissue for intracranial drug‐infusion studies
Authors: Wagner Arndt , Ehlers Wolfgang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA direct intracranial infusion of a therapeutic solution into the extra‐vascular space of human brain tissue is a promising medical application for the effective treatment of malignant brain tumours [1]. The advantage of this method, compared to an intra‐vascular medication, is the targeted delivery with the circumvention of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which prohibits the passing of therapeutic macro‐molecules across the vascular walls into the brain parenchyma.The prediction of the resulting therapeutical distribution by a numerical simulation is challenging, since the spreading is affected by the complex nature of living brain tissue. For this purpose, a macroscopic continuum‐mechanical model is established within the Theory of Porous Media (TPM), proceeding from a homogenisation of the underlying micro‐structure [5]. The ternary four‐component model consists of an elastically deformable solid skeleton (composed of tissue cells and vascular walls), which is perfused by two mobile but separated liquid phases, the blood and the overall interstitial fluid (treated as a real two‐component mixture of the liquid solvent and the dissolved therapeutic solute). The strongly coupled solid‐liquid‐transport problem is simultaneously approximated in all primary unknowns using mixed finite elements (uppc‐formulation) and consequently solved in a monolithic manner with an implicit time‐integration scheme.This numerical investigation allows the computational study of several circumstances influencing the irregular distribution of infused drugs, as observed in clinical studies. Therefore, the microstructural perfusion characteristics in the extra‐cellular space of the white‐matter tracts are considered by a spatial diversification of the anisotropic permeability tensors, provided by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Furthermore, Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) enables the in vivo location of blood vessels within the brain tissue. Finally, the selection of appropriate material parameters has a crucial influence on the drug distribution profile and further occurring effects beyond. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A geometrical model of skeletal muscle
Authors: Heidlauf Thomas , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA multi‐scale and multi‐physics geometrical model of skeletal muscle is presented. Therein, the excitation‐contraction pathway is described by a biophysical cell model of systems biology; the propagation of action potentials along individual muscle fibres is represented by means of the monodomain equation; a continuum‐mechanical description of the mechanical behaviour of the entire muscle is employed that relies on an additive split of the second Piola‐Kirchhoff stress tensor.Opposed to previous models, the multi‐physics problem is solved simultaneously using a staggered solution scheme that allows for a multi‐directional coupling between the different physical phenomena, and a parallel implementation is used. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A continuum model for free growth in living materials
Authors: Bolea Albero Antonio , Ehret Alexander E. , Böl Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe focus in this work on isotropically growing materials. An adaptive algorithm is used in order to maintain a stress‐free state during growth if no external loads are applied, but keeping the volume growth defined by a former kinetic. The proposed model is based on a modified multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into a growth part and an elastic part. The growth part will be isotropic if the elastic deformations are favourable, otherwise the growth will find a more comfortable direction. Three‐dimensional examples based on different kinetics are presented and discussed using the numerical model. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A numerical validation approach of a finite element muscle model using optical data
Authors: Sturmat Maike , Weichert Christine , Siebert Tobias , Böl Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAim of this work is to obtain a convenient data set for the validation of a recently developed three‐dimensional constitutive muscle model. Therefore, an optical measurement technique is used to reconstruct a geometrical model of a rabbit soleus muscle. Thus, the muscle geometry and also the generated force characteristics are measured. The proposed numerical model is able to reproduce the experimental results in an adequate manner. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling quasi‐static crack growth with the embedded finite element method on multiple levels
Authors: Raina Arun , Linder Christian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe current work presents the multilevel approach of the embedded finite element method which is obtained by combining features of the method of domain decomposition with those of the standard embedded finite element method. The conventional requirement of fine mesh in a possible failure zone is rendered unnecessary with the new approach thereby reducing the computational expense. In addition, it is also possible to stop a propagating crack‐tip in the middle of a finite element. In this approach, the finite elements at the failure‐prone zone where cracks or shear bands, referred to as strong discontinuities which represent jumps in the displacement field, can form and propagate based on some failure criterion are treated as separate sub‐boundary value problems which are adaptively discretized during the run time into a number of sub‐elements and subjected to a kinematic constraint on their boundary. Each sub‐element becomes equally capable of developing a strong discontinuity depending upon its state of stress. A linear displacement based constraint is applied initially which is modified accordingly as soon as a strong discontinuity propagates through the boundary of the main finite element. At the local equilibrium, the coupling between the quantities at two different levels of discretization is obtained by matching the virtual energies due to admissible variations of the main finite element and its constituent sub‐elements. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strain induced damage of ductile materials under compression
Authors: Zapara Maksim , Tutyshkin Nikolai , H. Müller Wolfgang , Wille Ralf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe problem of ductile damage and failure prediction at the upsetting of cylindrical specimens with artificial voids is solved by taking a change in stress triaxiality into account. It is shown that such a more accurate assessment leads to a greater shift of stress triaxialities into a range of negative values as compared to their averaged values. At such values of stress triaxiality the material can be subjected to compression without failure under arbitrarily large deformations due to healing of micro‐defects. The constitutive equations of a recently developed tensorial framework for ductile damage [5] are applied to modelling. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microcrack Evolution in Functionally Graded Material under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Konchakova Natalia , Müller Ralf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe damage process of metal‐ceramic functionally graded material (FGM) is investigated. The microcrack evolution in a layered structure is analyzed using a numerical simulation of stresses and configurational forces. The modelling of an FGM of alumina ceramic and a metallic phase with gradually changing volume fraction of alumina is performed. A structure of two different layers bonded to a substrate is simulated. The stiffness and density of the three materials are varying. The evolution of configurational forces is simulated. The influence of the crack length on the crack driving force is studied for the case of a stress wave loading. The stress loading is applied in the horizontal direction as a dead load. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of the micro mechanical basis for local approach cleavage models
Authors: Hardenacke Volker , Hohe Jörg , Friedmann Valérie , Siegele Dieter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present study is concerned with the investigation of the micro mechanisms of micro defect nucleation in bainitic steels in order to provide an enhanced basis for probabilistic cleavage models. By a micro mechanical modelling of the cleavage initiation process the effects and the interactions of the relevant parameters can be identified. For this purpose Representative Volume Elements (RVE) of the micro structure are utilised, accounting for both, the grain structure as well as the brittle particles at the grain boundaries. The RVE's are loaded based on the local mechanical field quantities determined numerically at the cleavage origins of different fracture mechanics specimens. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XFEM modeling of inelastic material behavior of composite
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Kästner Markus , Ulbricht Volker 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the present contribution the authors applied numerical homogenization techniques to predict the effective material behavior of composite based on the simulation of a representative volume element (RVE) [1]. An enriched displacement approximation (XFEM) is used to describe weak and strong discontinuities within the displacement field, independent from the underlying FE mesh. For the description of curved material interfaces a higher order XFEM formulation based on quadratic shape functions and consisting integration sub domains is developed. In order to incorporate microscopic damage effects, the XFEM approximation has been combined with a cohesive zone approach to model failure of the fiber‐matrix interface. The inelastic properties of the polymeric matrix material are described via constitutive relations of fractional viscoelasticity with process dependent viscous properties. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of deformation and failure in rubber‐toughened polymers – effect of distributed crazing
Authors: Helbig Martin , Seelig Thomas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA continuum mechanical model for rubber‐toughened polymers undergoing inelastic deformation solely by distributed crazing is introduced. Scaling relations with regard to microstructural parameters are derived analytically from a simple unit cell model. The constitutive model is calibrated from experimental data for a commercial ABS material and well captures various aspects of its deformation and failure behaviour. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)