bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer but not associated with worse outcomes
Authors: Tegels Juul J.W. , van Vugt Jeroen L.A. , Reisinger Kostan W. , Hulsewé Karel W.E. , Hoofwijk Anton G.M. , Derikx Joep P.M. , Stoot Jan H.M.B. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesAim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and body composition (i.e., subcutaneous and visceral fat) in gastric cancer surgical patients and its association with adverse postoperative outcome.MethodsPreoperative CT scans were obtained from all patients who underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2005 and September 2012. Total muscle and adipose tissue cross‐sectional area were measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) transverse processes. Sarcopenia was defined according to gender‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐specific cutoff points. Primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were severe postoperative complications (i.e., Clavien–Dindo classification ≥3a complications) and 6‐month mortality.ResultsIn 152 out of a total of 180 (84.4%) patients, a CT‐scan was available for analysis. In total, 86 (57.7%) of the patients were classified as sarcopenic. Sarcopenia was no predictor for in‐hospital mortality (P = 0.52), severe complications (P = 1.00) or 6‐month mortality (P = 0.69). Intraabdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements were not associated with in‐hospital mortality, severe complications or 6‐month mortality.ConclusionsIn this population of gastric cancer surgical patients, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 57.7%, which is high compared to other abdominal surgical oncology populations. However, sarcopenia was not associated with postoperative morbidity or mortality. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:403–407. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Size‐Exclusion Chromatography and Aggregation Studies of Acetylated Lignins in N,N‐Dimethylacetamide in the Presence of Salts
Authors: Clauss Manuel M. , Weldin Dianne L. , Frank Erik , Giebel Elisabeth , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2015

The molar masses of acetylated kraft lignin and organosolv lignin are determined using both dynamic light scattering and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Preparative gel fractionation of both lignins is allowed for the further analysis of low‐polydispersity lignin fractions. Fundamental information about the aggregation behavior of different molecular weight lignins in different solvent systems is provided. Two different solvent systems are used for SEC. Universal calibration is used for analysis. Applying the Flory–Fox theory, the obtained molecular weights are allowed for determining the maximum glass transition temperature at theoretical infinite molecular weight, Tg∞, of both acetylated lignins.
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Aromatic Heterocycle 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Substituted Thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene to Build Low‐Bandgap Polymer for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Zhu Dangqiang , Sun Liang , Liu Qian , Wen Shuguang , Han Liangliang , Bao Xichang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: September 2015

Electron‐deficient heterocycle 1,3,4‐oxadiazole is first introduced to the 2‐position of thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT) to construct a new building block 2‐(thieno[3,4‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5‐(alkylthio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (TTSO) with alkylthio chain. The polymer PBDT–TTSO based on TTSO and benzodithiophene (BDT) exhibits a deep lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of −5.32 eV and low‐bandgap of 1.62 eV. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.86% is obtained with a relatively high V
OC of 0.74 V, a J
SC of 13.1 mA cm−2, and FF of 60.5%. Furthermore, as S atom in thioether can be oxidized easily, the optoelectronic properties of PBDT–TTSO treated with different oxidants are preliminary investigated. Interestingly, the oxidation products still maintain high PCE with reduction less than 30%. This work demonstrates a new method to regulate HOMO energy levels by introducing electron‐deficient aromatic heterocyclic moiety.
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Partial Manifestation of Anti‐NMDA‐R Encephalitis with Predominant Movement Disorder
Authors: Udani Vrajesh , Desai Neelu , Botre Abhijeet 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChildhood anti–N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R) antibody encephalitis is a well‐recognized autoimmune encephalitis presenting typically with a combination of varied movement disorders, seizures, mutism, behavioral and sleep disturbances, and autonomic changes. Monosymptomatic or incomplete forms of the disorder are rare, but have recently been reported. Here, we describe 2 children with nonparaneoplastic anti‐NMDA‐R encephalitis with partial presentation in the form of movement disorder and minor behavioral changes.
ADOMA: A Command Line Tool to Modify ClustalW Multiple Alignment Output
Authors: Zaal Dionne , Nota Benjamin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present ADOMA, a command line tool that produces alternative outputs from ClustalW multiple alignments of nucleotide or protein sequences. ADOMA can simplify the output of alignments by showing only the different residues between sequences, which is often desirable when only small differences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms are present (e.g., between different alleles). Another feature of ADOMA is that it can enhance the ClustalW output by coloring the residues in the alignment. This tool is easily integrated into automated Linux pipelines for next‐generation sequencing data analysis, and may be useful for researchers in a broad range of scientific disciplines including evolutionary biology and biomedical sciences. The source code is freely available at https://sourceforge. net/projects/adoma/.
Fast acquisition of multidimensional NMR spectra of solids and mesophases using alternative sampling methods
Authors: Lesot Philippe , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Trébosc Julien , Amoureux Jean‐Paul , Lafon Olivier 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnique information about the atom‐level structure and dynamics of solids and mesophases can be obtained by the use of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Nevertheless, the acquisition of these experiments often requires long acquisition times. We review here alternative sampling methods, which have been proposed to circumvent this issue in the case of solids and mesophases. Compared to the spectra of solutions, those of solids and mesophases present some specificities because they usually display lower signal‐to‐noise ratios, non‐Lorentzian line shapes, lower spectral resolutions and wider spectral widths. We highlight herein the advantages and limitations of these alternative sampling methods. A first route to accelerate the acquisition time of multidimensional NMR spectra consists in the use of sparse sampling schemes, such as truncated, radial or random sampling ones. These sparsely sampled datasets are generally processed by reconstruction methods differing from the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). A host of non‐DFT methods have been applied for solids and mesophases, including the G‐matrix Fourier transform, the linear least‐square procedures, the covariance transform, the maximum entropy and the compressed sensing. A second class of alternative sampling consists in departing from the Jeener paradigm for multidimensional NMR experiments. These non‐Jeener methods include Hadamard spectroscopy as well as spatial or orientational encoding of the evolution frequencies. The increasing number of high field NMR magnets and the development of techniques to enhance NMR sensitivity will contribute to widen the use of these alternative sampling methods for the study of solids and mesophases in the coming years. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control analysis of a mathematical model for unemployment
Authors: Munoli Surekha B. , Gani Shankrevva 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYUnemployment is continuously increasing worldwide because of enormous increase in population. This paper attempts to propose an optimal control policy for a deterministic unemployment model. The model considers three states, namely, unemployment, employment, and newly created vacancies. Factors like retirement and death of employed persons, termination from job, and so forth are also included in the model. The optimal control analysis for proposed unemployment model is performed using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The conditions for optimal control of the unemployment problem with effective use of implemented policies to provide employment to unemployed persons and to create new vacancies are derived and analyzed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Und sie bewegen sich doch
Authors: Jokat Wilfried , Krause Reinhard A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVor hundert Jahren formulierte Alfred Wegener seine Theorie der Kontinentverschiebung. Diese stützte er im Kern auf geophysikalische Argumente wie die hypsometrische Stufung der Erdoberfläche und die damit korrelierte Isostasie und andere stichhaltige Begründungen. Aber erst in den 1960er bis 1970er Jahren vollzog sich die kopernikanische Wende – der Paradigmenwechsel vom Fixismus zum Mobilismus. Die neue Form der Plattentektonik auf der Grundlage von Seafloorspreading and Subduktion kann Schwächen der Wegenerschen Darlegungen überwinden.
Fermi‐Gase unter dem Mikroskop
Authors: Zwierlein Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMit ultrakalten atomaren Gasen lässt sich das Verhalten von Elektronen in Festkörpern simulieren – in extremer Zeitlupe und in tausendfacher Vergrößerung. Elektronen sind Fermionen, Teilchen mit halbzahligem Eigendrehimpuls (Spin), man benötigt also fermionische Atome. Nun wurde ein Mikroskop für atomare Fermi‐Gase entwickelt, mit dem jedes einzelne Atom an seinem Ort aufgelöst werden kann. Damit lassen sich in Zukunft theoretische Modelle beispielsweise der Hochtemperatur‐Supraleitung experimentell testen.
DNA methylation screening of primary prostate tumors identifies SRD5A2 and CYP11A1 as candidate markers for assessing risk of biochemical recurrence
Authors: Horning Aaron M. , Awe Julius A. , Wang Chiou‐Miin , Liu Joseph , Lai Zhao , Wang Vickie Yao , Jadhav Rohit R. , Louie Anna D. , Lin Chun‐Lin , Kroczak Tad , Chen Yidong , Jin Victor X. , Abboud‐Werner Sherry L. , Leach Robin J. , Hernandez Javior , Thompson Ian M. , Saranchuk Jeff , Drachenberg Darrel , Chen Chun‐Liang , Mai Sabine , Huang Tim Hui‐Ming 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDAltered DNA methylation in CpG islands of gene promoters has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and can be used to predict disease outcome. In this study, we determine whether methylation changes of androgen biosynthesis pathway (ABP)‐related genes in patients' plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) can serve as prognostic markers for biochemical recurrence (BCR).METHODSMethyl‐binding domain capture sequencing (MBDCap‐seq) was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in primary tumors of patients who subsequently developed BCR or not, respectively. Methylation pyrosequencing of candidate loci was validated in cfDNA samples of 86 PCa patients taken at and/or post‐radical prostatectomy (RP) using univariate and multivariate prediction analyses.RESULTSPutative DMRs in 13 of 30 ABP‐related genes were found between tumors of BCR (n = 12) versus no evidence of disease (NED) (n = 15). In silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data confirmed increased DNA methylation of two loci—SRD5A2 and CYP11A1, which also correlated with their decreased expression, in tumors with subsequent BCR development. Their aberrant cfDNA methylation was also associated with detectable levels of PSA taken after patients' post‐RP. Multivariate analysis of the change in cfDNA methylation at all of CpG sites measured along with patient's treatment history predicted if a patient will develop BCR with 77.5% overall accuracy.CONCLUSIONSOverall, increased DNA methylation of SRD5A2 and CYP11A1 related to androgen biosynthesis functions may play a role in BCR after patients' RP. The correlation between aberrant cfDNA methylation and detectable PSA in post‐RP further suggests their utility as predictive markers for PCa recurrence. Prostate 75:1790–1801, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of essential oil of Piper aduncum against nymphs and adults of Diaphorina citri
Authors: Volpe Haroldo XL , Fazolin Murilo , Garcia Rafael B , Magnani Rodrigo F , Barbosa José Carlos , Miranda Marcelo P 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide application is the main way to control Diaphorina citri. However, it causes environmental contamination, has a negative impact on beneficial organisms and leads to psyllid resistance. The essential oil of Piper aduncum has low toxicity towards the environment and contains dillapiol, which has proven to be effective against several crop pests. Here, we studied its efficacy against nymphs and adults of D. citri under laboratory conditions. Oils with three concentrations of dillapiol (69.3, 79.9 and 85.4%) at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% dilutions plus 0.025% adjuvant were tested.RESULTSAll treatments caused 90–100% mortality in nymphs. Topical treatments with oil containing 79.9 and 85.4% dillapiol at 0.75% and 1% dilutions were effective (mortality ≥80%) in adults. However, the essential oil showed no residual activity against adults (mortality ≤30%).CONCLUSIONSDillapiol‐rich oil is a promising compound for D. citri control. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Plant disease management in organic farming systems
Authors: van Bruggen Ariena HC , Gamliel Abraham , Finckh Maria R 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOrganic farming (OF) has significantly increased in importance in recent decades. Disease management in OF is largely based on the maintenance of biological diversity and soil health by balanced crop rotations, including nitrogen‐fixing and cover crops, intercrops, additions of manure and compost and reductions in soil tillage. Most soil‐borne diseases are naturally suppressed, while foliar diseases can sometimes be problematic. Only when a severe disease outbreak is expected are pesticides used that are approved for OF. A detailed overview is given of cultural and biological control measures. Attention is also given to regulated pesticides. We conclude that a systems approach to disease management is required, and that interdisciplinary research is needed to solve lingering disease problems, especially for OF in the tropics. Some of the organic regulations are in need of revision in close collaboration with various stakeholders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Local structure and photoluminescence properties of nanostructured Zn1‐xMnxS material
Authors: Curcio Ana Laura , Bernardi Maria Inês Basso , Mesquita Alexandre 
Published: September 2015

AbstractZinc sulfide (ZnS) pure or doped has received remarkable attention because of fundamental properties, versatility and potential for several technological applications as luminescent material. In this study, the local structure and photoluminescence properties of nanostructured Zn1‐xMnxS samples have been characterized. X‐ray diffraction results show that ZnS:Mn samples crystallized completely without the presence of secondary phases and the diffraction patterns correspond to the cubic zinc blende. Theoretical and experimental XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure) spectra at Zn K‐edge suggest the incorporation of Mn atoms into the ZnS host and indicate the occurrence of Zn and S vacancies, which are confirmed by EXAFS (extended X‐ray absorption fine structure) fit results. These vacancies can be related to a red‐shift observed in the peak emission of photoluminescence spectrum for ZnS sample, which is centered at ∼ 504 nm. As the Mn content increases, a yellow‐orange emission centered at ∼ 590 nm can be observed besides the blue‐green emission, which is associated with the 4T1–6A1 transition within the 3d shell of Mn2+. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genome‐wide analysis reveals conserved transcriptional responses downstream of resting potential change in Xenopus embryos, axolotl regeneration, and human mesenchymal cell differentiation
Authors: Pai Vaibhav P. , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Echeverri Karen , Sundelacruz Sarah , Kaplan David L. , Levin Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEndogenous bioelectric signaling via changes in cellular resting potential (Vmem) is a key regulator of patterning during regeneration and embryogenesis in numerous model systems. Depolarization of Vmem has been functionally implicated in dedifferentiation, tumorigenesis, anatomical re‐specification, and appendage regeneration. However, no unbiased analyses have been performed to understand genome‐wide transcriptional responses to Vmem change in vivo. Moreover, it is unknown which genes or gene networks represent conserved targets of bioelectrical signaling across different patterning contexts and species. Here, we use microarray analysis to comparatively analyze transcriptional responses to Vmem depolarization. We compare the response of the transcriptome during embryogenesis (Xenopus development), regeneration (axolotl regeneration), and stem cell differentiation (human mesenchymal stem cells in culture) to identify common networks across model species that are associated with depolarization. Both subnetwork enrichment and PANTHER analyses identified a number of key genetic modules as targets of Vmem change, and also revealed important (well‐conserved) commonalities in bioelectric signal transduction, despite highly diverse experimental contexts and species. Depolarization regulates specific transcriptional networks across all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, and this information will be used for developing mechanistic models of bioelectric regulation of patterning. Moreover, our analysis reveals that Vmem change regulates transcripts related to important disease pathways such as cancer and neurodegeneration, which may represent novel targets for emerging electroceutical therapies.
Laserstrahlschweißen im Vakuum
Authors: Jakobs Stefan , Reisgen Uwe 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDas Laserstrahlschweißen (LBW) und das Elektronenstrahlschweißen (EBW) sind beide industriell eingesetzte Fügeprozesse. Das Elektronenstrahlschweißen hat seine Haupteinsatzbereiche im Fügen von Bauteilen mit großen Wanddicken und bei der Fertigung von Bauteilen des automobilen Antriebstrangs in kleinen Vakuum‐Taktkammer‐Schweißmaschinen. Das Laserstrahlschweißen wird hauptsächlich zum Schweißen im Dünnblechbereich mit Blechdicken bis 6 mm als Einzelprozess oder als Teil eines Hybridprozesses mit Lichtbogenschweißverfahren eingesetzt. Trotz einer kontinuierlichen Weiterentwicklung der Laserstrahlquellen in Hinsicht auf Strahlleistung und Strahlqualität liegt der konventionelle Laserstrahlschweißprozess deutlich hinter dem Elektronenstrahlschweißen, was erreichbare Einschweißtiefen und innere Nahtqualitäten anbelangt. Die neue Prozessvariante des Laserstrahlschweißens im Grob‐ und Feinvakuum (LaVa) wurde am Institut für Schweißtechnik und Fügetechnik ISF der RWTH Aachen University zu einem Fügeprozess konzipiert und entwickelt. Der LaVa‐Prozess schließt die Lücke zwischen den beiden Strahlschweißverfahren und öffnet neue Anwendungsbereiche für das Laserstrahlschweißen. Dies gilt für das Fügen von dickwandigen Bauteilen genauso wie für das energie‐ und qualitätsoptimierte Schweißen mit geringen Einschweißtiefen. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine kurze Übersicht über den LaVa‐Prozess, erreichte Schweißergebnisse an unlegierten Stählen und einen Ausblick auf die Möglichkeiten der Strahlpendelung.Laser Beam Welding under reduced pressure – Range of possible applications for thick‐plates. Laser Beam Welding (LBW) and Electron Beam Welding (EBW) are both processes that are well established in industry. EBW has its main application fields in thick‐plate joining as well as in manufacturing automotive drive train components in small indexing vacuum machines. LBW is widely used in thin‐plate welding (6 mm and below) as a stand‐alone process or as part of hybrid processes with arc welding variants. Despite the continuous development of laser beam sources regarding output power and beam quality, the LBW process remains behind the EBW process in terms of achievable weld‐in depths and inner weld seam quality. The process variant of LBW in low to medium vacuum (LaVa) as investigated and developed by the Welding and Joining Institute (ISF) closes the gap between the two beam‐welding processes and opens up new application fields for the Laser. This includes the joining of thick‐walled structures beyond the possibilities of the common LBW process as well as the energy and quality optimized joining with small weld‐in depths. The following paper will give a brief overview of the LaVa process, the results achieved on unalloyed steel and the possibilities of laser beam oscillation.
Cytogenetic and cytometric analyses in artificial intercytotypic hybrids of the emergent orchid model species Erycina pusilla
Authors: Yeh Hsuan-Yu , Lin Choun-Sea , Chang Song-Bin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractErycina pusilla is considered a potential model organism for orchids, because of several advantageous features, such as short juvenile period, low chromosome number and all year round blooming. Two different chromosome numbers (2n = 10 and 2n = 12) are reported for E. pusilla, which suggests two cytotypes. To reveal the genome homology between these two cytotypes, we generated hybrids from the intercytotypic reciprocal crosses (2n = 10 × 2n = 12 and 2n = 12 × 2n = 10), and applied 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, genomic in situ hybridization and flow cytometry for genomic and cytogenetic analysis. The parental genomes showed high similarity both in genomic composition and content. The hybrids displayed a chromosome number of 2n = 11 in mitotic cells. Moreover, five bivalents and one univalent were observed at meiotic metaphase I stage. We observed meiotic synaptic behavior and found homeologous pairing with unpaired loops between parental chromosome pairing segments. These results demonstrated that chromosome rearrangement events have occurred between parental cytotypes during evolution. This study also illustrated the genome homology and homeologous pairing at pachytene phase, indicating that the chromosome number variation of two cytotypes mainly resulted from chromosome rearrangements, not changes in genomic constitution.
Promises and Pitfalls of Anchoring Vignettes in Health Survey Research
Authors: Grol-Prokopczyk Hanna , Verdes-Tennant Emese , McEniry Mary , Ispány Márton 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Data harmonization is a topic of growing importance to demographers, who increasingly conduct domestic or international comparative research. Many self-reported survey items cannot be directly compared across demographic groups or countries because these groups differ in how they use subjective response categories. Anchoring vignettes, already appearing in numerous surveys worldwide, promise to overcome this problem. However, many anchoring vignettes have not been formally evaluated for adherence to the key measurement assumptions of vignette equivalence and response consistency. This article tests these assumptions in some of the most widely fielded anchoring vignettes in the world: the health vignettes in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) and World Health Survey (WHS) (representing 10 countries; n = 52,388), as well as similar vignettes in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) (n = 4,528). Findings are encouraging regarding adherence to response consistency, but reveal substantial violations of vignette equivalence both cross-nationally and across socioeconomic groups. That is, members of different sociocultural groups appear to interpret vignettes as depicting fundamentally different levels of health. The evaluated anchoring vignettes do not fulfill their promise of providing interpersonally comparable measures of health. Recommendations for improving future implementations of vignettes are discussed.