bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation and reproducibility of dietary assessment methods in adolescents: a systematic literature review
Authors: Tabacchi Garden , Amodio Emanuele , Di Pasquale Maria , Bianco Antonino , Jemni Monèm , Mammina Caterina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present work was to determine what dietary assessment method can provide a valid and accurate estimate of nutrient intake by comparison with the gold standard.DesignA MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane and related references literature review was conducted on dietary assessment methods for adolescents reporting the validity and/or reproducibility values. A study quality assessment on the retrieved FFQ was carried out according to two different scoring systems, judging respectively the quality of FFQ nutrition information and of FFQ validation and calibration.SettingThe present review considered adolescents attending high schools and recruited in hospitals or at home.SubjectsThe target of the review was the healthy adolescent population in the age range 13–17 years.ResultsThirty-two eligible papers were included and analysed separately as ‘original articles’ (n20) and ‘reviews’ (n12). The majority (n17) assessed the validation and reproducibility of FFQ. Almost all studies found the questionnaires to be valid and reproducible (r> 0·4), except for some food groups and nutrients. Different design and validation issues were highlighted, such as portion-size estimation, number of food items and statistics used.ConclusionsThe present review offers new insights in relation to the characteristics of assessment methods for dietary intake in adolescents. Further meta-analysis is required although the current review provides important indications on the development of a new FFQ, addressing the need for a valid, reproducible, user-friendly, cost-effective method of accurately assessing nutrient intakes in adolescents.
Current understanding of the process of tooth formation: transfer from the laboratory to the clinic
Authors: Thesleff I 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTeeth are typical examples of organs in which genes determine the progress of development from initiation to the final shape, size and structure, whereas environmental factors play a minor role. Advances in gene technology over the last three decades have led to powerful novel methods to explore the mechanisms of embryonic development. Today we know a few hundred genes that regulate tooth development, and mutations in dozens of these genes have been shown to cause aberrations in tooth development in mice and/or humans. The functions of an increasing number of genes in tooth development have been discovered using genetically modified mouse models. We are now beginning to understand the ‘programme’ underlying the process of tooth formation. Key components of the programme are signals mediating communication between cells and complex gene regulatory networks in which the signal pathways are integrated. Understanding the mechanisms of tooth development at the level of genes, cells and molecules will lay the basis for new ways to prevent and treat dental defects and diseases. Over the last decade knowledge about dental stem cells has accumulated rapidly and novel stem cell technologies have been developed. Combining stem cell research with knowledge on the mechanisms of tooth development may open up novel possibilities for clinical tooth regeneration.
Ocular perfusion pressure in glaucoma
Authors: Costa Vital P. , Harris Alon , Anderson Douglas , Stodtmeister Richard , Cremasco Fernanda , Kergoat Helene , Lovasik John , Stalmans Ingborg , Zeitz Oliver , Lanzl Ines , Gugleta Konstantin , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis review article discusses the relationship between ocular perfusion pressure and glaucoma, including its definition, factors that influence its calculation and epidemiological studies investigating the influence of ocular perfusion pressure on the prevalence, incidence and progression of glaucoma. We also list the possible mechanisms behind this association, and discuss whether it is secondary to changes in intraocular pressure, blood pressure or both. Finally, we describe the circadian variation of ocular perfusion pressure and the effects of systemic and topical medications on it. We believe that the balance between IOP and BP, influenced by the autoregulatory capacity of the eye, is part of what determines whether an individual will develop optic nerve damage. However, prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to better define the role of ocular perfusion pressure in the development and progression of glaucoma.
Randomised clinical trial: individualised vs. weight‐based dosing of azathioprine in Crohn's disease
Authors: Dassopoulos T. , Dubinsky M. C. , Bentsen J. L. , Martin C. F. , Galanko J. A. , Seidman E. G. , Sandler R. S. , Hanauer S. B. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundAzathioprine (AZA), a pro‐drug metabolised to the active metabolites 6‐tioguanine nucleotides (6TGN), is a steroid‐sparing therapy for Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo investigate whether AZA therapy is optimised by individualised dosing based on thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity and 6TGN concentrations.MethodsThis multicentre, double‐blind, randomised controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of weight‐based vs. individualised AZA dosing in inducing and maintaining remission in adults and children with steroid‐treated CD. The primary outcome was clinical remission (CR) at 16 weeks. In the weight‐based arm, subjects received 2.5 mg/kg/day. In the individualised dosing arm, the initial AZA dose was 1.0 mg/kg/day (if intermediate TPMT) or 2.5 mg/kg/day (if normal TPMT). Starting at week 5, the dose was adjusted to target 6TGN concentrations of 250–400 pmol/8 × 108 red blood cells (RBC), or to a maximal dose of 4 mg/kg/day.ResultsAfter randomising 50 subjects, the trial was stopped prematurely due to insufficient enrolment. In intention‐to‐treat analysis, CR rates at week 16 were 40% in the individualised arm vs. 16% in the weight‐based arm (P = 0.11). In per‐protocol (PP) analysis, week 16 CR rates were 60% in the individualised arm and 25% in the weight‐based arm (P = 0.12). At week 16, median 6TGN concentrations in PP remitters and nonremitters were 216 and 149 pmol/8 × 108 RBC respectively (P = 0.07).ConclusionsDespite trends favouring individualised over weight‐based AZA dosing, there were no statistically significant differences in efficacy, likely due to low statistical power and inability to achieve the target 6TGN concentrations in the individualised arm. [Clinicaltrials.Gov Identifier Nct00113503].
AT‐101 downregulates BCL2 and MCL1 and potentiates the cytotoxic effects of lenalidomide and dexamethasone in preclinical models of multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Paulus Aneel , Chitta Kasyapa , Akhtar Sharoon , Personett David , Miller Kena C. , Thompson Kevin J. , Carr Jennifer , Kumar Shaji , Roy Vivek , Ansell Stephen M. , Mikhael Joseph R. , Dispenzieri Angela , Reeder Craig B. , Rivera Candido E. , Foran James , Chanan‐Khan Asher 
Published: November 2013

SummaryMultiple myeloma, the second most common haematological malignancy in the U.S., is currently incurable. Disruption of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by BCL2 and MCL1 upregulation is observed in >80% of myeloma cases and is associated with an aggressive clinical course. Remarkably, there is no approved drug with the ability to target BCL2 or MCL1. Thus, we investigated the anti‐tumour effects of a pan‐BCL2 inhibitor, AT‐101, which has high binding specificity for BCL2 and MCL1 in preclinical models of plasma cell cancers (Multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia). Gene expression and immunoblot analysis of six plasma cell cancer models showed upregulation of BCL2 family members. AT‐101 was able to downregulate BCL2 and MCL1 in all plasma cell cancer models and induced apoptotic cell death in a caspase‐dependent manner by altering mitochondrial membrane permeability. This cytotoxic effect and BCL2 downregulation were further potentiated when AT‐101 was combined with lenalidomide/dexamethasone (LDA). NanoString nCounter mRNA quantification and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis revealed differential changes in the CCNA2, FRZB, FYN, IRF1, PTPN11 genes in LDA‐treated cells. In summary, we describe for the first time the cellular and molecular events associated with the use of AT‐101 in combination with lenalidomide/dexamethasone in preclinical models of plasma cell malignancy.
Functional evaluation of the role of C-type lectin domain family 16A at the chromosome 16p13 locus
Authors: Zouk H , D'Hennezel E , Du X , Ounissi-Benkalha H , Piccirillo C A , Polychronakos C 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe type 1 diabetes-associated 16p13 locus contains the CLEC16A gene. Its preferential immune cell expression suggests involvement in autoimmunity. Given its elevated expression in dendritic and B cells – known professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) – we hypothesize that C-type lectin domain family 16 member A (CLEC16A) may be involved in T cell co-stimulation and consequent activation and proliferation. We also sought to identify CLEC16A's subcellular localization. The effect of the CLEC16A knock-down (KD) on B cell co-stimulation and activation of T cells was tested in human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) by co-culture with CD4+ T cells. T cell activation and proliferation were determined by flow-cytometric analysis of CD69 and CD25 expression and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution, respectively. CLEC16A subcellular localization in K562 cells was examined by immunofluorescence. We show that the CLEC16A KD did not affect the tested indices of lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) APC capacity. Additionally, the percentage of activated T cells following LCL co-culture was not affected significantly by the CLEC16A KD. T cells co-cultured with KD or control LCLs also exhibited similar cell division profiles. CLEC16A co-localized with an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker, suggesting that it may be an ER protein. In conclusion, CLEC16A may not be involved in T cell co-stimulation. Additional studies on CLEC16A, accounting for its ER localization, are needed to uncover its biological role.
Agreement between Histomorphometry and Microcomputed Tomography to Assess Bone Microarchitecture of Dental Implant Sites
Authors: Dias Danilo Rocha , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues , Batista Aline Carvalho , Lindh Christina , Ribeiro‐Rotta Rejane Faria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground:Histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (microCT) have been used in implant studies but need better understanding before being used as equivalent methods.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement between 2D (histomorphometry) and 3D (microCT) reference methods for assessing jawbone microarchitecture in vivo.Material and MethodsForty‐four bone specimens from 32 patients were obtained during implant placement and examined by microCT, followed by hematoxylin–eosin staining and histomorphometric analysis. The morphometric parameters included bone volume density (BV/TV), bone surface fraction (BS/TV), bone surface density, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Bland–Altman plots were used for pairwise agreement analysis between the equivalent 3D and 2D parameters, and complemented with Mountain plots. The association between the two methods was tested using Pearson's correlation followed by Passing–Bablok regression.ResultsSystematic bias was observed in all Bland–Altman and Mountain plots, including constant bias for BV/TV and Tb.Sp, and proportional bias for all other parameters. Significant correlation was found for BV/TV (r = 0.80; p < .001) and BS/TV (r = 0.44; p = .003), and the Passing–Bablok regression showed constant bias for BV/TV and proportional bias for BS/TV.ConclusionBecause of the poor agreement between measures obtained by histomorphometry and microCT, these methods should not be used interchangeably for jawbones.
Metabolic cost of locomotion during treadmill walking with blood flow restriction
Authors: Mendonca Goncalo V. , Vaz João R. , Teixeira Micael S. , Grácio Telma , Pezarat‐Correia Pedro 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWe explored whether interval walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) increases net metabolic cost of locomotion in healthy young men at their optimal walking speed. We also determined whether decreased walking economy resulting from BFR might be accompanied by an increase in ventilation relative to VO2 and VCO2. Finally, we examined possible relationships between the changes in ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and those obtained in minute ventilation (VE) during walking with BFR. Eighteen healthy men (age: 22·5 ± 3·4 years) performed graded treadmill exercise to assess VO2max. In a randomized fashion, participants also performed five bouts of 3‐min treadmill exercise with and without BFR at their optimal walking speed. Walking with BFR elicited an overall increase in net VO2 (10·4%) compared with that seen in the non‐BFR condition (P<0·05). The participants also demonstrated greater VE and VE/VO2 values while walking with BFR (P<0·05). Conversely, VE/VCO2 was similar between conditions at each walking bout. We found no significant correlation between the changes in VE and RPE induced by walking with BFR (r = 0·38, P>0·05). Our results indicate that (i) BFR decreases net walking economy in healthy young men, even at their optimal walking speed; (ii) heightened ventilatory drive may explain a small proportion of BFR effects on walking economy; and (iii) the ventilatory responses to BFR walking may be largely independent of changes in perceived exertion and are likely matched to the flux of CO2 between muscles and respiratory centres.
Conventional treatment after myocardial infarction in routine clinical practice results in regression of left common carotid intima‐media thickness
Authors: Jogestrand Tomas , Agewall Stefan , Gustafsson Thomas , Henareh Loghman 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of standard medical treatment on the progression of atherosclerosis after a myocardial infarction, in an ordinary clinical setting, by measuring the right and left common carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT). The first investigation took place 3–12 months after the index event; the second took place 3·3–8·2 years after the first. In both investigations, the right and left carotid arteries of 102 patients were examined with an ultrasound duplex scanner. Common carotid IMT and calculated cross‐sectional intima‐media area (cIMa) were measured on both sides. More than 90% of the patients were treated with aspirin, beta‐blockers and statins. In the first investigation, IMT and cIMa were significantly greater on the left side compared to the right (IMT: 0·83 ± 0·22 and 0·74 ± 0·18 mm, P<0·001; cIMa: 18·2 ± 5·2 and 16·3 ± 5·1 mm2, P<0·001). In the second investigation, IMT on the left side was significantly reduced compared to the first investigation (0·79 ± 0·22 and 0·83 ± 0·22 mm, P<0·05) with a corresponding tendency towards a decrease in cIMa on the same side. In our study, conventional medical treatment after a myocardial infarction in ordinary clinical routines resulted in regression of the common carotid IMT on the left side. The significant side difference in IMT emphasizes the importance of where and how the carotid IMT is measured in studies using this surrogate end point.
Heart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and association with mortality and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Peçanha Tiago , Silva‐Júnior Natan Daniel , Forjaz Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction seems to be related to the genesis of several CVDs and is also linked to the increased risk of mortality in CVD patients. The quantification of heart rate decrement after exercise – known as heart rate recovery (HRR) – is a simple tool for assessing cardiac autonomic activity in healthy and CVD patients. Furthermore, since The Cleveland Clinic studies, HRR has also been used as a powerful index for predicting mortality. For these reasons, in recent years, the scientific community has been interested in proposing methods and protocols to investigate HRR and understand its underlying mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge about HRR, including its potential primary and secondary physiological determinants, as well as its role in predicting mortality. Published data show that HRR can be modelled by an exponential curve, with a fast and a slow decay component. HRR may be influenced by population and exercise characteristics. The fast component mainly seems to be dictated by the cardiac parasympathetic reactivation, probably promoted by the deactivation of central command and mechanoreflex inputs immediately after exercise cessation. On the other hand, the slow phase of HRR may be determined by cardiac sympathetic withdrawal, possibly via the deactivation of metaboreflex and thermoregulatory mechanisms. All these pathways seem to be impaired in CVD, helping to explain the slower HRR in such patients and the increased rate of mortality in individuals who present a slower HRR.
Development of fine motor skills in preterm infants
Authors: Bos Arend F , Van Braeckel Koenraad N J A , Hitzert Marrit M , Tanis Jozien C , Roze Elise 
Published: November 2013

Fine motor skills are related to functioning in daily life and at school. We reviewed the status of knowledge, in preterm children, on the development of fine motor skills, the relation with gross motor skills, and risk factors for impaired fine motor skills.We searched the past 15 years in PubMed, using [‘motor skills’ or ‘fine motor function’ and ‘preterm infant’] as the search string. Impaired gross and fine motor skills are among the most frequently occurring problems encountered by preterm children who do not develop cerebral palsy.The prevalence is around 40% for mild to moderate impairment and 20% for moderate impairment. Fine motor skill scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children are about 0.62 of a standard deviation lower compared with term children. Risk factors for fine motor impairments include moderately preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] 2.0) and, among very preterm children (<32wk gestation), intra‐uterine growth restriction (ORs 2–3), inflammatory conditions (late‐onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, ORs 3–5), and dexamethasone therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 2.7).A better understanding of factors that play a role in the development of and recovery from brain injury could guide future intervention attempts aimed at improving fine motor skills of preterm children.
Marine migrations in anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta). Fjord residency as a possible alternative in the continuum of migration to the open sea
Authors: del Villar‐Guerra Diego , Aarestrup Kim , Skov Christian , Koed Anders 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPartial migration is a common phenomenon in many fish species. Trout (Salmo trutta) is a partially migratory species where some part of the population migrate to the marine environment, while another remains in freshwater. In the years 2008 and 2009, a total of 159 wild sea trout smolts were tagged with acoustic and PIT‐tags in the river Villestrup (Denmark) to study the initial postsmolt marine behaviour within a fjord system. We found that the strategies of the sea migrants vary: some stay in the fjord, while others migrate to the sea, suggesting that partial migration occurs even in the marine environments. Overall, a total of 53% of the tagged smolts migrated from the fjord to the sea, and 47% stayed (or potentially died) in the fjord. The ratios of fjord‐resident versus sea‐migrating postsmolts were consistent at the study times, and no differences between the early and late migration periods of the smolts were observed. The individual's size or body condition at the time of tagging did not affect survival or the migratory decisions in the fjord. High overall initial survival (74%) was found 30 days after the fjord entry. We suggest that within a continuum of migration to sea, there is a migratory decision point when sea trout postsmolts encounter a fjord system. At this point, postsmolts will assess the possibility of migration versus the alternative of fjord residency.
Population‐level effects of egg predation on a native planktivore in a large freshwater lake
Authors: Bunnell David B. , Mychek‐Londer Justin G. , Madenjian Charles P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing a 37‐year recruitment time series, we uncovered a field pattern revealing a strong, inverse relationship between bloater Coregonus hoyi recruitment success and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus biomass in Lake Michigan (United States), one of the largest freshwater lakes of the world. Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973–2010 year‐classes. Although several strong year‐classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year‐classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10–1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995–2005 year‐classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes.