bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method Development and Validation of LC and Densitometric-TLC for Simultaneous Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium and Ezetimibe in a Binary Mixture
Authors: Panchal Hiral J , Suhagia Bhanubhai N 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Two simple and accurate methods to determine pitavastatin calcium (PIT) and ezetimibe (EZE), ina binary mixture, were developed and validated using LC and densitometric-TLC. The LC separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm), in the isocratic mode using 0.1% orthophosphoric acid–acetonitrile–triethylamine (19.8 + 80 + 0.2, v/v/v), pH 3.00 ± 0.05, at a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. The retention times were about 6.98 and 2.36 min for PIT and EZE, respectively. Quantification was achieved with a photodiode array detector at 235 nm over the concentration range of 0.5–5 μg/mL for each drug, with meanrecoveries of 99.35 ± 0.19% and 99.51 ± 0.23% for PIT and EZE, respectively. The TLCseparation was achieved on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using toluene–ethyl acetate–glacial acetic acid (59.8 + 40.0 + 0.2, v/v/v), as the mobile phase. The Rf values were about 0.38 and 0.58 for PIT and EZE, respectively. Quantification was achieved withUV detection at 235 nm over the concentration range of 50–600 ng/spot for each drug, with mean recoveries of 99.49 ± 0.15% and 99.58 ± 0.10% for PIT and EZE, respectively. Both methods were validated, and based on statistical results were found to be specific, accurate, precise, and robust. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of PIT and EZE in abinary mixture without any interferences from common excipients.
Determination of Ammonia by Designing an Optode Based on Immobilization of a Co(III)-Schiff Base Complex on a Triacetylcelluose Membrane
Authors: Tavallali Hossein , Torabi Susan , Asadi Mozaffar , Mohammadi Hajar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A novel ammonia optode was designed using [4-methyl-N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine] tributylphosphincobalt(III) perchlorate monohydrate [Co(4-MeSaloph)(PBu)3]+ complex coated on a triacetylcellulose membrane. The sensor could be used at a wavelength of 378 nm to detect ammonia in the range of 8.3 × 10–4 and –1.25 × 10–2 M in borate buffer(pH 10). The LOD was found to be 9.5 × 10–5 M. The response time of the optode was 2–3 min and depended on the concentration of ammonia. This optode was successfully applied for the determination of ammonia in drinking water.
Enrichment of Copper as 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol Complex by the Combination of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction/Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Kandhro Ghulam A , Soylak Mustafa , Kazi Tasneem Gul , Yilmaz Erkan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A rapid, simple, selective, economical, and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methodology has been established for the preconcentration of copper (Cu) at trace levels. The Cu(II) was complexed with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol; ethanol and carbon tetrachloride were used as disperser and extraction solvents, respectively. To obtain quantitative recovery of Cu(II), the effects of parameters influencing its extraction efficiency and subsequent determinations, i.e., pH, amount of complexing reagent, extraction time, and type and volume of disperser and extraction solvents, were examined. LOD and LOQ were 0.06 and 0.20 μg/L, respectively. The enrichment factor of the proposed method was 60, and the RSD &lt;5%. TMDA 51.3 and TMDA 70 fortified water certified reference materials were analyzed for validation of the procedure. The developed microextraction procedure has been used for the preconcentration of Cu(II) in water samples with acceptable results.
C18 Bonded Silica Membrane Disk Modified with Cyanex 302 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Speciation and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination
Authors: Karve Manjusha , Pandey Durgesh , Athavale Rohini 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A new SPE method for speciation of Cr(III) andCr(VI) has been developed using a Cyanex 302-impregnated C18 bonded silica membrane disk followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. The influence of various parameters, such as pH, flow rate, volume of sample solution, amount of Cyanex 302, and eluent type, concentration,and flow rate, on Cr(III) retention, were systematically studied. Cr(III) was quantitatively recovered from the modified sorbent at pH 4.5, while the recovery of Cr(VI) was negligible (0.5 ± 0.5 μg) throughout the pH range studied for its sorption, thus facilitating their separation and speciation. Most of the elements associated with Cr(III) did not show strong interference during its sorption. The sorption capacity of modified disk for Cr(III) was 117.6 ± 0.8 μg, and its enrichment factor for Cr(III) was 37. The LOD and LOQ of the method for Cr(III) were 0.88 and 2.93 μg/L, respectively. The efficiency of the disk for Cr(III) recovery remained unchanged up to 24 cycles. A certified reference material (BCR-701) was analyzed to validate theaccuracy of method developed for Cr(III). The method was applied to the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in tap water and an industrialeffluent sample, with RSD ≤1.0%.
Determination of Fungicides in Fruit Juice by Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Solvent Droplets Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fan Run-Zhen , Liu Congyun , Jiang Wenqing , Wang Xiaonan , Liu Fengmao 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) based on solidification of the floating organic solvent droplets (SFO) combined with HPLC was used for determination of five fungicides in fruit juice samples. 1-Dodecanol, which has a low density and low toxicity, was used as the extraction solvent in UA-DLLME. The solidification of floating organic dropletsfacilitates the transfer of analytes from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. This method was easy, quick, inexpensive, precise, and linear over a wide range. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors for a 5 mL fruit juice sample were 25 to 56, and the LODs for the five fungicides ranged from 5 to 50 μg/L. The average recoveries ranged from 71.8 to 118.2% with RSDsof 0.9 to 13.9%. Application of the DLLME-SFO technique allows successful separation and preconcentration of the fungicides at a low concentration level in fruit juice samples.
Development and Method Validation for the Determination of Nitroimidazole Residues in Salmon, Tilapia and Shrimp Muscle
Authors: Watson Lynn , Potter Ross , MacNeil James D , Murphy Cory 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The use of nitroimidazoles in aquacultured fish has been banned in many countries due to the suspected mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of these compounds. In response to the need to conduct residue testing of these compounds in fish, a simple, rapid, and sensitive method was developed and validated that is suitable for regulatory monitoring of nitroimidazole residues and their hydroxy metabolites in fish muscle tissue. Following solvent extraction of homogenized tissue and clean-up using a C18 SPE cartridge, analyses were conducted by ultra-performance UPLC-MS/MS. A precursor ion and two product ions were monitored for each of the parent compounds and metabolites included in the method. The validated method has an analytical range from 1 to 50 ng/g in the representative species (tilapia, salmon, and shrimp), with an LOD and LOQ ranging from 0.07 to 1.0 ng/g and 0.21 to 3.0 ng/g, respectively, depending on the analyte. Recoveries ranged from 81 to 124% and repeatability was between 4 and 17%. HorRat values were within typical limits of acceptability for a single laboratory. Working standards were stable for 12 months, extracts were stable for 5 days, andtissues for 2 months under appropriate storage conditions. This method was determined to be suitable for routine use for screening, quantification,and confirmation of nitroimidazole residues in a residue monitoring program for fish with regulatory oversight.
Simultaneous Determination of Matrine and Berberine in Fruits, Vegetables, and Soil Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Xingang , Tian Yingying , Dong Fengshou , Xu Jun , Li Yuanbo , Liang Xuyang , Wang Yunhao , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
An ultra-performance LC/tandem MS (UPLC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification and identification of matrine and berberine, alkaloidswidely used in plant fungicides, has been developed and validated. Methanol or 1% ammonia–acetonitrile were selected as extraction solvents,and primary secondary amine sorbent was chosen for cleanup to achieve satisfactory recoveries in accordance with European Union guidelines. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a hydrophilic interaction LC column with a UPLC/MS/MS-based method to improve the retentions and shapes of the peaks. Method validation was performed forlinearity, repeatability, interday precision, andsensitivity. Recoveries and RSDs were acceptable (73.1–109.3% recovery, RSD ≤ 15.8%). The LODs varied from 0.34 to 1.07 μg/kg for matrine and 0.09 to 0.18 μg/kg for berberine, while the LOQs ranged from 1.12 to 3.58 μg/kg for matrine and 0.31 to 0.60 μg/kg for berberine. This method was successfully and efficiently applied for the analysis of matrine and berberine in real samples.
Generalized Net Analyte Signal Standard Addition as a Novel Method for Simultaneous Determination: Application in Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Pesticides
Authors: Asadpour-Zeynali Karim , Saeb Elhameh , Vallipour Javad , Bamorowat Mehdi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid,imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) by a novel methodnamed generalized net analyte signal standard addition method (GNASSAM) in some binary and ternarysynthetic mixtures was investigated. For this purpose, standard addition was performed using a single standard solution consisting of a mixture ofstandards of all analytes. Savings in time and amount of used materials are some of the advantages of this method. All determinations showed appropriate applicability of this method with less than 5% error. This method may be applied for linearlydependent data in the presence of known interferents. The GNASSAM combines the advantages of both the generalized standard addition method and net analyte signal; therefore, it may be a properalternative for some other multivariate methods.
Development and Application of a Microwave-Assisted Extraction and LC/MS/MS Methodology to the Determination of Antifouling Booster Biocides in Sea Mullets (Mugil cephalus) Organisms
Authors: Franco-Barrios Alejandro , Torres-Padrón María Esther , Sosa-Ferrera Zoraida , Santana-Rodríguez José Juan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A method is presented for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of two commonly used booster biocides, Irgarol 1051 and diuron, insamples of muscle and liver tissues from Mugil cephalus by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) followed by SPE for the preconcentration and cleanup step, coupled with LC/MS/MS. The optimum conditions for MAE were established as power 200 W and irradiation time 4 min. Using these conditions, the LOD was 0.13 ng/g for diuron and 0.10 ng/g for Irgarol 1051. The recoveries calculated at three concentration levels (0.5, 5, and 50 ng/g) were greater than 74%. Repeatability was less than 7.5% and reproducibility less than 12.7%. The optimized method was used to monitor these compounds in M. cephalus from different harbors of Gran Canaria Island. The samples were collected bimonthly and processed following the optimized method. High levels of Irgarol 1051 (6.9 ± 1.03 ng/g) were found in the liver, while diuron was undetected. However, diuron was found in the muscle (1.41 ± 0.45 ng/g). The proposed sentinel organism could be used in tropical and subtropical regions to continuously biomonitor for booster biocides over long periods of time. This technique could be a useful tool for improving the management of ocean and coastal waters.
Stability of Chlorophenols and Their Acetylated Derivatives in Water: Sample Storage Procedures
Authors: de Morais Paulo , Stoichev Teodor , Basto M Clara P , Carvalho Pedro N , Vasconcelos M Teresa S D 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The determination of chlorophenols (CPs) in water samples is a subject of increasing interest. Reduction of sample storage space and the stability of CPs when present at very low levels are still problems that deserve research. The stability of CPs at ng/L levels at different temperatures and in the presence or absence of sodium carbonateand acetic anhydride was studied for up to 39 days. Stable and reproducible CP concentrations for about a month of storage in both river and wastewater were achieved in two storage conditions as follows: at –18°C with addition of 10% sodium chloride; and at 4°C with addition of both 10% sodium chloride and 10 mg/mL sodium carbonate. These sample treatments are good alternatives to the immobilization of CPs on SPE cartridges in terms of both analyte stability and saving of storage space.
Analysis of Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidins (DP 1–10) in Cocoa-Containing Ingredients and Products by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Machonis Philip R , Jones Matthew A , Kwik-Uribe Catherine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recently, a multilaboratory validation (MLV) of AOAC Official Method 2012.24 for the determination of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins (CF-CP) in cocoa-based ingredients and products determinedthat the method was robust, reliable, and transferrable. Due to the complexity of the CF-CP molecules, this method required a run time exceeding 1 h to achieve acceptable separations. To address this issue, a rapid resolution normal phase LC method was developed, and a single-laboratory validation (SLV) study conducted. Flavanols and procyanidins with a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 10 were eluted in 15 min using a binary gradient applied to a diol stationary phase, detected using fluorescence detection, and reported as a totalsum of DP 1–10. Quantification was achieved using (-)-epicatechin-based relative response factors for DP 2–10. Spike recovery samplesand seven different types of cocoa-based samples were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, and linearity of the method. The within-day precision of the reported content for the samples was 1.15–5.08%, and overall precision was 3.97–13.61%. Spike-recovery experiments demonstrated recoveries of over 98%. The results of this SLV were compared to those previously obtained in the MLV and found to be consistent. The translation to rapid resolution LC allowed for an 80% reduction in analysis time and solventusage, while retaining the accuracy and reliability of the original method. The savings in both cost and time of this rapid method make it well-suited for routine laboratory use.
Determination of Corticosteroids, Anabolic Steroids, and Basic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Milk and Animal Tissues
Authors: Kaufmann Anton , Butcher Patrick , Maden Kathryn , Walker Stephan , Widmer Mirjam 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A quantitative LC/MS/MS method was developed for the determination of 14 steroidal compounds and three basic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (detected as metabolites) in bovine milk and animal muscle tissue. The proposed method is sufficiently sensitive and highly selective for residueapplications. The described approach offers the possibility to detect, quantify, and confirm anti-inflammatory drugs belonging to two widely diverging chemical categories. The employed single-stage SPE step (mixed mode cation exchange) retains both steroids and basic metabolites of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The method is capableof handling widely diverging relevant concentration ranges (0.1 μg/kg for dexamethasone and100 μg/kg for metamizol metabolites) for the individual compounds with a single extraction,cleanup, and LC/MS/MS procedure. It provides good analyte precision and accuracy data.
Semiquantitative Determination of Mesophilic, Aerobic Microorganisms in Cocoa Products Using the Soleris® NF-TVC Method
Authors: Montei Carolyn , McDougal Susan , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Soleris Non-fermenting Total Viable Count method was previously validated for a wide variety of food products, including cocoa powder. A matrix extension study was conducted to validate themethod for use with cocoa butter and cocoa liquor. Test samples included naturally contaminated cocoa liquor and cocoa butter inoculated with natural microbial flora derived from cocoa liquor. A probability of detection statistical model was used to compare Soleris results at multiple test thresholds (dilutions) with aerobic plate counts determined using the AOAC Official Method966.23 dilution plating method. Results of the two methods were not statistically different at any dilution level in any of thethree trials conducted. The Soleris method offersthe advantage of results within 24 h, compared tothe 48 h required by standard dilution plating methods.
Evaluation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria monocytogenes Assay
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Leon-Velarde Carlos , Larson Nathan , Dave Keron , Evans Katharine , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Hopper Craig , Simpson Helen , Withey Sophie , Oleksiuk Milena , Holopainen Jani , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™Listeria monocytogenes Assay is a new real-time PCR assay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples. This assay was validated using the AOAC Research Institute (AOAC-RI) Performance Tested MethodsSM program in comparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization 11290-1:1996, including Amendment 1:2004 with the following foods and food contact surfaces: smoked salmon, processed cheese, fresh bagged spinach, fresh cantaloupe, cooked prawns (chilled product), cooked sliced turkey meat (chilled product), ice cream, pork frankfurters, salami, ground raw beef meat (12% fat), plastic, and stainless steel. All matrixes were tested by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Microbiology Division, Basingstoke, UK. In addition, three matrixes (pork frankfurters, bagged lettuce, and stainless steel) were analyzed independently as part of the AOAC-RI controlled laboratorystudy by the University of Guelph, Canada. Using probability of detection (POD) statistical analysis, a significant difference was demonstrated between the candidate and reference methods for salami, cooked sliced turkey and ice cream in favor of the SureTect assay. For all other matrixes, no significant difference by POD was seen between the two methods during the study. Inclusivity and exclusivity testing was also conducted with 53 and30 isolates, respectively, which demonstrated that the SureTect assay was able to detect all serotypes of L. monocytogenes. None of the exclusivity isolates analyzed were detectedby the SureTect assay. Ruggedness testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the assay with specific method deviations outside the recommended parameters open to variation, i.e., enrichment time and temperature and lysis temperature, which demonstrated that the assay gave reliable performance. Accelerated stability testing was alsoconducted, validating the assay shelf life.
Recent Applications of First- and Second-Order Multivariate Calibration to Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Arancibia Juan A , Damiani Patricia C , Ibañez Gabriela A , Olivieri Alejandro C 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This report reviews recent literature on the application of multivariate calibration techniques to both first- and second-order data, aimed at the analytical determination of analytes of interest or sampleproperties in a variety of industrial, pharmaceutical, food, and environmental samples, including examples of process control. The most used data processingtools are briefly described, with emphasis on the advantages that can be obtained by applying specific combinations of multivariate data and algorithms. Themain focus is on works devoted to first-order data(i.e., spectra, chromatograms, etc.) combined with partial least-squares regression, which has become the standard for this type of analytical research. A brief discussion on recent work on second-order data and algorithms is also included, as this field is rapidly growing, although at present it does not show, the general applicability of the first-order counterparts.
Développement d’une plateforme Web pour réduire l’usage de cannabis chez les jeunes qui fréquentent les centres d’éducation des adultes
Authors: Gagnon Hélène , Côté José , Tessier Sébastien , April Nicole 
Published: February 2014

Le cannabis est la drogue illicite la plus souvent consommée chez les jeunes adultes. Son usage est associé à l’échec et à l’abandon scolaire.
L’utilisation de plateformes Web est de plus en plus populaire pour intervenir auprès de ces jeunes. Cet article a pour objectifs de présenter la méthodologie utilisée et les résultats de chaque étape de développement d’une plateforme Web qui vise à réduire l’usage de cannabis chez les jeunes adultes qui retournent à l’école.
L’intervention mapping a servi de guide pour le développement de cette plateforme. Les déterminants du problème sont d’abord documentés. Ces informations sont ensuite utilisées pour le développement d’une matrice d’objectifs et pour le choix des méthodes d’intervention. L’implication des populations cibles et des partenaires ainsi que le devis d’évaluation sont finalement décrits.
Sept séquences de cinq expositions brèves à des messages éducatifs sur l’ordinateur ont été développées pour permettre aux jeunes de reconnaître leur vulnérabilité par rapport à certaines situations à risque de consommer et pour les aider à prendre la décision de réduire ou d’arrêter leur consommation. Différentes méthodes d’apprentissage sont utilisées pour présenter les messages éducatifs aux jeunes, notamment le tailoring et l’apprentissage par modèle.
L’intervention mapping a été utile pour lier le savoir des populations visées aux connaissances théoriques et empiriques. Un projet pilote est actuellement évalué pour vérifier l’impact de cette intervention sur l’usage de cannabis chez les jeunes adultes.