bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tweets about hospital quality: a mixed methods study
Authors: Greaves Felix , Laverty Antony A , Cano Daniel Ramirez , Moilanen Karo , Pulman Stephen , Darzi Ara , Millett Christopher 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundTwitter is increasingly being used by patients to comment on their experience of healthcare. This may provide information for understanding the quality of healthcare providers and improving services.ObjectiveTo examine whether tweets sent to hospitals in the English National Health Service contain information about quality of care. To compare sentiment on Twitter about hospitals with established survey measures of patient experience and standardised mortality rates.DesignA mixed methods study including a quantitative analysis of all 198 499 tweets sent to English hospitals over a year and a qualitative directed content analysis of 1000 random tweets. Twitter sentiment and conventional quality metrics were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Key results11% of tweets to hospitals contained information about care quality, with the most frequent topic being patient experience (8%). Comments on effectiveness or safety of care were present, but less common (3%). 77% of tweets about care quality were positive in tone. Other topics mentioned in tweets included messages of support to patients, fundraising activity, self-promotion and dissemination of health information. No associations were observed between Twitter sentiment and conventional quality metrics.ConclusionsOnly a small proportion of tweets directed at hospitals discuss quality of care and there was no clear relationship between Twitter sentiment and other measures of quality, potentially limiting Twitter as a medium for quality monitoring. However, tweets did contain information useful to target quality improvement activity. Recent enthusiasm by policy makers to use social media as a quality monitoring and improvement tool needs to be carefully considered and subjected to formal evaluation.
Loss of p16(INK4a) is associated with reduced patient survival in soft tissue tumours, and indicates a senescence barrier
Authors: Knösel Thomas , Altendorf-Hofmann Annelore , Lindner Lars , Issels Rolf , Hermeking Heiko , Schuebbe Gesa , Gibis Sebastian , Siemens Helge , Kampmann Eric , Kirchner Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Aimsp16(INK4a) is an important factor in carcinogenesis, and its expression is linked to oncogene-induced senescence. Very recently it was shown that upregulation and downregulation of p16 indicates a senescence barrier in the serrated route of colorectal cancer. However, in soft tissue sarcoma (STS), the senescence mechanism is still not understood. In this study, we analysed a well characterised cohort of STS for p16(INK4a) expression and correlated the results with clinicopathological parameters including survival.MethodsTissue microarrays (TMA) of 183 soft tissue and bone tumours were analysed immunohistochemically. Furthermore, mRNA expression of p16(INK4a) was evaluated in four sarcoma cell lines, and a demethylation test was performed by treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytide.ResultsOn protein level, expression of p16(INK4a) was observed in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) in 69.1%, leiomyosarcoma in 85.7%, synovial sarcoma in 77.8%, liposarcoma in 88.9%, angiosarcoma in 60.9% and MPNST in 22.2%. Loss of p16(INK4a) was observed in high grade sarcomas and showed a significant correlation with reduced patient survival (p=0.032). On DNA level, one out of four sarcoma cell lines exhibited a methylated p16(INK4a) promoter analysed by methylation-specific PCR. p16(INK4a) mRNA and protein expression was restored after demethylation using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytide.ConclusionsUpregulation of p16(INK4a) might be associated with the induction of senescence and indicates a senescence barrier. Downregulation of p16(INK4a) is found in malignant progression, and is significantly correlated with reduced patient survival. Downregulation of p16(INK4a) may be explained by DNA-hypermethylation in sarcoma cells.
Picking the Point of Inhibition: A Comparative Review of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Dienstmann Rodrigo , Rodon Jordi , Serra Violeta , Tabernero Josep 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer, and its crucial role in cell growth and survival, has made it a much desired target for pharmacologic intervention. Following the regulatory approval of the rapamycin analogs everolimus and temsirolimus, recent years have seen an explosion in the number of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors under clinical investigation. These include: ATP-competitive, dual inhibitors of class I PI3K and mTORC1/2; “pan-PI3K” inhibitors, which inhibit all four isoforms of class I PI3K (α, β, δ, γ); isoform-specific inhibitors of the various PI3K isoforms; allosteric and catalytic inhibitors of AKT; and ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR only (and thus mTORC1 and mTORC2). With so many agents in development, clinicians are currently faced with a wide array of clinical trials investigating a multitude of inhibitors with different mechanisms of action, being used both as single agents and in combination with other therapies. Here, we provide a review of the literature, with the aim of differentiating the genomic contexts in which these various types of inhibitors may potentially have superior activity. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1021–31. ©2014 AACR.
Distracted Driver Performance to Multiple Alerts in a Multiple-Conflict Scenario
Authors: Fitch Gregory M. , Bowman Darrell S. , Llaneras Robert E. 
Published: April 2014

Objective: We investigated whether collision avoidance systems (CASs) should present individual crash alerts in a multiple-conflict scenario or present only one alert in response to the first conflict. Background: Secondary alerts may startle, confuse, or interfere with drivers’ execution of an emergency maneuver. Method: Fifty-one participants followed a pickup truck around a test track. Once the participant was visually distracted, a trailing sedan repositioned itself into the participant’s blind spot while a box was dropped from the truck. Participants received a forward collision warning (FCW) alert as the box landed. Twenty-six drivers swerved left in response to the box, encountering a lateral conflict with the adjacent sedan. Half of these 26 drivers received a lane-change merge (LCM) alert. Results: Drivers who received both the FCW and LCM alerts were significantly faster at steering away from the lateral crash threat than the drivers who received only the FCW alert (1.70 s vs. 2.76 s, respectively). Drivers liked receiving the LCM alert, rated it to be useful, found it easy to understand (despite being presented after the FCW alert), and did not find it to be startling. Conclusion: Drivers who are familiar with CASs benefit from, and feel it is appropriate to generate, multiple alerts in a multiple-conflict scenario. Application: The results may inform the design of CASs for connected and automated vehicles.
Transnational Ethnic Processes
Authors: Ortiz Laura Velasco 
Published: April 2014

The experience of migration to the United States of indigenous peoples is producing a change in ethno-racial systems of classification that is not simply reactive but reflects the history of each indigenous people and is expressed both at the institutional level and in the formation of a transnational ethnic subject. The experiences of the Purépechas of Michoacán, the Nahuas of Guerrero, and the Mixtecs of Oaxaca involve different migration histories and processes of ethnicization but share a history of Spanish colonization, subordination in the Mexican social structure, and discrimination as immigrants in the United States. Comparison of these experiences reveals the importance of the instrumental dimension, of the institutional context in the place of destination, and of ethnic agents as creators of emblems of ethnicity under conditions of geographical dispersion. State action continues to organize much of the political and cultural content of subnational identities, and the state remains the interlocutor in processes of ethnic agency every step of the way. La migración de los pueblos indígenas a los Estados Unidos está produciendo un cambio en los sistemas de clasificación étnico-racial que no es meramente reactivo sino que refleja la historia de cada pueblo indígena y se expresa tanto en el plano institucional como en la formación de un sujeto étnico transnacional. Las experiencias de los Purépechas de Michoacán, los Nahuas de Guerrero y los Mixtecos de Oaxaca implican diferentes historias migratorias y procesos de etnificación, pero comparten una historia de colonización española, subordinación en la estructura social mexicana, y la discriminación que sufren como inmigrantes en Estados Unidos. Una comparación de estas experiencias revela la importancia de la dimensión instrumental y del contexto institucional en el lugar de destino, así como la de los de agentes étnicos como creadores de emblemas de etnicidad bajo condiciones de dispersión geográfica. Las acciones del estado continúan gestionando gran parte del contenido político y cultural de las identidades subnacionales y el estado sigue siendo el interlocutor en los procesos de agencia étnica en cada momento.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Measures to Prevent Recurrent Ankle Sprains
Authors: Janssen Kasper W. , Hendriks Marike R.C. , van Mechelen Willem , Verhagen Evert 
Published: April 2014

Background: Ankle sprains are the most common sports-related injury, associated with a high rate of recurrence and societal costs. Recent studies have emphasized the effectiveness of both neuromuscular training and bracing for the secondary prevention of ankle sprains. Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the separate and combined use of bracing and neuromuscular training for the prevention of the recurrence of ankle sprains. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 340 athletes (157 male and 183 female; aged 12-70 years) who had sustained a lateral ankle sprain up to 2 months before inclusion were randomized to a neuromuscular training group (n = 107), brace group (n = 113), and combined intervention group (n = 120). Randomization was stratified by medical treatment of the inclusion sprain. Participants in the neuromuscular training group underwent an 8-week home-based exercise program. Participants in the brace group received a semirigid ankle brace to be worn during all sports activities for a period of 12 months. Participants allocated to the combined group underwent both interventions, with the ankle brace to be worn during all sports activities for a period of 8 weeks. The recurrence of ankle sprains and associated costs were registered during the 1-year follow-up. Results: There were no differences between groups at baseline with regard to age, sex, sports participation, previous injury, or knowledge of preventive measures. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the brace group in comparison with the combined group was −€2828.30 (approximately –US$3865.00), based on a difference in the mean cost of −€76.16 (approximately –US$104.00) and a difference in the mean effects of 2.68%. The ICER of the neuromuscular training group in comparison with the combined group was €310.08 (approximately US$424.00), based on a difference in the mean cost of −€28.37 (approximately –US$39.00) and a difference in the mean effects of 9.15%. Conclusion: Bracing was found to be the dominant secondary preventive intervention over both neuromuscular training and the combination of both measures.
Contrasts and similarities in economic performance of migrant entrepreneurs
Authors: Sahin Mediha , Nijkamp Peter , Suzuki Soushi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In recent years, migrant entrepreneurs have come to occupy a prominent place in the SME sector in many cities in developed countries, with varying degrees of success. The concept of migrant entrepreneurship suggests a homogeneous set of actors, but it remains to be seen whether differences in cultural and ethnic backgrounds, in education, in age and gender, and in motivational profiles lead to contrasting business outcomes. The present paper aims to identify and compare differences in the economic performance of individual migrant business firms on the basis of a quantitative assessment of the drivers of their efficiency profiles. In this context, we will address in particular the drivers and barriers for the heterogeneous business strategies of specific classes of migrant entrepreneurs. After the use of a multivariate statistical analysis, a modern operational approach–originating from organizational theory–that aims to make a comparative study of quantitative efficiency differences between individual decision-making units (DMUs), viz. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed. DEA is used here to assess relative performance differences between distinct categories of migrant entrepreneurs in the city of Amsterdam. A wealth of relevant data has been collected by systematic, personally-supervised interviews and questionnaires, and these contain a variety of efficiency-oriented indicators, on both the input and the output side. Several additional analyses ─ using multivariate cross-analysis methods ─ are also carried out to test the robustness of our findings by, inter alia, investigating the influence of specific socio-cultural ethnic groups, levels of education, first-and second-generation migrants, and age. Finally, the paper offers some lessons on entrepreneurship strategies.

Jel codes

R10, O15, L26.
Provision and Discussion of Survivorship Care Plans Among Cancer Survivors: Results of a Nationally Representative Survey of Oncologists and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Blanch-Hartigan Danielle , Forsythe Laura P. , Alfano Catherine M. , Smith Tenbroeck , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Ganz Patricia A. , Rowland Julia H. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Survivorship care planning should involve discussions between providers and cancer survivors to address survivors' needs and optimize adherence. We examined the frequency and factors associated with oncologists' and primary care physicians' (PCPs) reports of provision of written survivorship care plans (SCPs) and discussion of survivorship care recommendations with survivors. Methods A nationally representative sample of 1,130 oncologists and 1,020 PCPs was surveyed about survivorship care practices with survivors. Logistic regression models predicted multilevel factors associated with providing SCPs or discussing recommendations with survivors. Results Although a majority of oncologists (64%) reported always/almost always discussing survivorship care recommendations with survivors, fewer also discussed who survivors should see for cancer-related and other follow-up care (32%); fewer still also provided a written SCP to the survivor (< 5%). Survivorship care recommendations and provider responsibility were not regularly discussed by PCPs and survivors (12%). Oncologists who reported detailed training about late and long-term effects of cancer were more likely to provide written SCPs (odds ratio [OR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.44) and discuss survivorship care planning with survivors (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.70). PCPs who received SCPs from oncologists were 9× more likely (95% CI, 5.74 to 14.82) to report survivorship discussions with survivors. Conclusion A minority of both PCPs and oncologists reported consistently discussing and providing SCPs to cancer survivors. Training and knowledge specific to survivorship care and coordinated care between PCPs and oncologists were associated with increased survivorship discussions with survivors. These nationally representative data provide a useful benchmark to assess implementation of new efforts to improve the follow-up care of survivors.
Breast Cancer After Chest Radiation Therapy for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Moskowitz Chaya S. , Chou Joanne F. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Bernstein Jonine L. , Malhotra Jyoti , Novetsky Friedman Danielle , Mubdi Nidha Z. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Stovall Marilyn , Hammond Sue , Smith Susan A. , Henderson Tara O. , Boice John D. , Hudson Melissa M. , Diller Lisa R. , Bhatia Smita , Kenney Lisa B. , Neglia Joseph P. , Begg Colin B. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The risk of breast cancer is high in women treated for a childhood cancer with chest irradiation. We sought to examine variations in risk resulting from irradiation field and radiation dose. Patients and Methods We evaluated cumulative breast cancer risk in 1,230 female childhood cancer survivors treated with chest irradiation who were participants in the CCSS (Childhood Cancer Survivor Study). Results Childhood cancer survivors treated with lower delivered doses of radiation (median, 14 Gy; range, 2 to 20 Gy) to a large volume (whole-lung field) had a high risk of breast cancer (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 43.6; 95% CI, 27.2 to 70.3), as did survivors treated with high doses of delivered radiation (median, 40 Gy) to the mantle field (SIR, 24.2; 95% CI, 20.7 to 28.3). The cumulative incidence of breast cancer by age 50 years was 30% (95% CI, 25 to 34), with a 35% incidence among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (95% CI, 29 to 40). Breast cancer–specific mortality at 5 and 10 years was 12% (95% CI, 8 to 18) and 19% (95% CI, 13 to 25), respectively. Conclusion Among women treated for childhood cancer with chest radiation therapy, those treated with whole-lung irradiation have a greater risk of breast cancer than previously recognized, demonstrating the importance of radiation volume. Importantly, mortality associated with breast cancer after childhood cancer is substantial.
Design of Amphiphilic Zwitterions Forming Liquid-Crystalline Phases and Effects of Lithium Salt Addition on Their Phase Behavior
Authors: Matsumoto Takuro , Ichikawa Takahiro , Sakuda Junji , Kato Takashi , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We prepared pyridinium-based amphiphilic zwitterions and examined their liquid-crystalline (LC) phase behavior in the presence and absence of lithium salts. Addition of lithium salts induced nanosegregated LC phases such as bicontinuous cubic phase and smectic phase depending on the anion species of the lithium salts. For example, an equimolar mixture of dodecylcarbamoyl-1-(4-sulfobutyl)pyridinium betaine and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTf2N) exhibited a bicontinuous cubic phase between 40 and 100 °C. The exhibition of these nanosegregated phases was attributed to the formation of an ionic liquid-like ion pair composed of the pyridinium cation and the Tf2N anion. The preferential interaction between the pyridinium cation and the Tf2N anion was confirmed with Raman spectroscopic measurement. Moreover, the amphiphilic zwitterions were found to show not only thermotropic LC behavior but also lyotropic LC behavior in the presence of polar solvents such as protic ionic liquids. The results presented here indicate that the combination of amphiphilic zwitterions and suitable additive ions is a potential method to construct nanostructured LC materials showing tuneable phase behavior.
Reaction of 2-aminothiophenol with 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran : a facile route to a new dihydrobenzothiazine derivative
Authors: Jaafar Amani , Khalaf Ali , FarÃ¨s FarÃ¨s , GrÃ©e Danielle , Abdallah Hassan , Roisne Thierry , GrÃ©e RenÃ© , Hachem Ali 
Published: April 2014

As part of our studies focused on the design and synthesis of biologically active molecules, polyheterocyclic compound 3 was prepared in one step from commercially available 2-aminothiophenol 1 and 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran 2. DerivativeÂ 3 underwent a further isomerization to compound 4 in a reaction promoted by traces of HCl in chloroform.
Supporting the Next Generation of Caregivers: Service Use and Needs of Adult Siblings of Individuals With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Holl Emily , Morano Carmen L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
As a result of gains in health care, people with intellectual disability are outliving their parents, creating an unprecedented need to support this population. Siblings represent the longest lasting family relationships and often become caregivers for their brothers and sisters with intellectual disability when parents pass away. Given the growing number of siblings who are assuming this caregiver role, it is important to understand the challenges and opportunities they face. This project explored the needs of adult sibling caregivers and the service system's efficacy in meeting these needs. Using focus groups and a phenomenological approach, this study explored siblings' experiences with the service system, including barriers, needs, and how services impact their well-being. Findings suggest that siblings who have greater access to services and supports experience greater well-being and ability to support their brothers and sisters with intellectual disability.
Depicting life, analysing the power: The ‘actuality’ of Italian cinema
Authors: Tagliani Giacomo 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The increasing production of biographical films dealing with power and its figures raises interesting questions about the nature and the aims of political cinema. What are the strategies used to represent people whose public image has completely overlapped to their identity? This matter concerns not only thematic aspects of the biopic genre, but more in depth it discloses fundamental issues at the basis of any theory of cinema. From this point of view, some Italian instances propose original solutions, creating a coherent framework in continuity with a long tradition that has marked the history of Italian thought. This article aims at making a survey of these inputs through the analysis of contemporary relevant texts – above all Il Caimano/The Caiman (Moretti, 2006), Il Divo: La spettacolare vita di Giulio Andreotti/Il Divo (Sorrentino, 2008), Vincere/To Win (Bellocchio, 2009) – in the attempt of defining the space of effectiveness of this new line of development within the huge field of political cinema.
Disparities in Cancer Mortality and Incidence Among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States
Authors: White Mary C. , Espey David K. , Swan Judith , Wiggins Charles L. , Eheman Christie , Kaur Judith S. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives. We used improved data on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) ancestry to provide an updated and comprehensive description of cancer mortality and incidence among AI/AN populations from 1990 to 2009. Methods. We linked the National Death Index and central cancer registry records independently to the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration database to improve identification of AI/AN persons in cancer mortality and incidence data, respectively. Analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic persons residing in Contract Health Service Delivery Area counties in 6 geographic regions of the United States. We compared age-adjusted mortality and incidence rates for AI/AN populations with White populations using rate ratios and mortality-to-incidence ratios. Trends were described using joinpoint analysis. Results. Cancer mortality and incidence rates for AI/AN persons compared with Whites varied by region and type of cancer. Trends in death rates showed that greater progress in cancer control was achieved for White populations compared with AI/AN populations over the last 2 decades. Conclusions. Spatial variations in mortality and incidence by type of cancer demonstrated both persistent and emerging challenges for cancer control in AI/AN populations.