bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain: Content Validation of Nursing Diagnosis in Slovakia and the Czech Republic
Authors: Zeleníková Renáta , Maniaková Lenka 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe main purpose of the study was to validate the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis “chronic pain” in Slovakia and the Czech Republic.MethodsThis is a descriptive study. The validation process involved was based on Fehring's Diagnostic Content Validity Model.FindingsThree defining characteristics (reports pain, altered ability to continue previous activities, and depression) were classified as major by Slovak nurses, and one defining characteristic (reports pain) was classified as major by Czech nurses.ConclusionThe results of the study provide guidance in devising strategies of pain assessment and can aid in the formulation of accurate nursing diagnoses.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe defining characteristic “reports pain” is important for arriving at the nursing diagnosis “chronic pain.”
Are rodents a source of biotic resistance to tree invasion in Pampean grasslands? Tree seed consumption under different conditions
Authors: Muschetto Emiliano , Mazia Noemí , Cueto Gerardo R. , Busch María 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBiotic resistance has been invoked as a major barrier to woody species invasion, although the role of resident generalist consumers and their interaction with seed availability in a local community has received little attention. We assessed tree seed consumption by rodents under two different scenarios: (i) We documented in field spatio‐temporal patterns of seed predation by native rodents on two exotic tree species, Gleditsia triacanthos or ‘honey locust’ and Robinia pseudoacacia or ‘white locust’ (family Leguminosae), in five grassland habitats of the Inland Pampa, Argentina. (ii) We conducted laboratory feeding trials to evaluate tree seed consumption in the presence (cafeteria‐style feeding trials) and in the absence (non‐choice feeding trials) of alternative food supplies. Seed predation was generally higher for Robinia than for Gleditsia seeds, both in field and laboratory conditions. For both tree species, seed predation varied between habitats and seasons and was higher in the native tussock grassland than in the remaining studied communities, whereas the crop field showed the lowest levels of consumption along with the absence of captured rodents. Seed consumption of Gleditsia and Robinia among the four grassland communities (which did not differ in rodent abundance) was negatively associated with the availability of alternative food. Laboratory feeding trials showed a higher consumption of Gleditsia seeds in the non‐choice than in the cafeteria‐style feeding trials, while the consumption of Robinia seeds did not differ in the absence or presence of alternative seeds. These patterns indicate that the contribution of resident granivores to invasion resistance might depend on colonizer species identity, recipient community type and season of the year. We suggest that rodent preferences for different invader seeds will interact with the availability of alternative food in the local habitat in influencing the amount of predator‐mediated biotic resistance to invasion.
Caregiver distress in dementia in rural Victoria
Authors: Ervin Kaye , Pallant Julie , Reid Carol 
Published: November 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to explore the levels of stress, anxiety and depression of informal carers caring for someone with dementia in a rural setting.MethodsCarers of people with dementia were recruited to complete a survey that incorporated the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) to measure carer emotional well‐being. The survey also included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q), which assesses the presence and severity of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of care recipients and their effects on the carer.ResultsA total of 39 carers completed surveys. Almost half of the respondents reported levels of stress and depression in the moderate to severe range as measured on the DASS. BPSD exhibited by care recipients, such as agitation, anxiety, aggression and nocturnal disturbance, were associated with the level of stress reported by the carer as measured with the NPI‐Q.ConclusionCaring for care recipients who exhibit BPSD predisposes carers in rural areas to high levels of stress and depression. Regular, periodic screening of carers is required to detect abnormal levels of stress, depression and anxiety in order to enable timely introduction of interventions.
Getting a Fair Share: Attitudes and Perceptions of Biobank Stakeholders Concerning the Fairness of Sample Sharing
Authors: Colledge Flora , Elger Bernice 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBiobanks are essential tools for furthering a broad range of medical research areas. However, despite the plethora of national and international laws and guidelines which apply to them, the access and sharing policies of biobanks are only sparsely addressed by regulatory bodies. The ‘give and take’ process of biosample sharing is largely left up to biobank stakeholders themselves to oversee; it is therefore both in stakeholders' power, and in their interest, to ensure that sample accessibility is fair. This is an important step in motivating researchers to collaborate and pool samples, and is crucial to fostering trust in the absence of universally accepted standard practices. To date, little attention has been paid to how fairness considerations affect scientific material sharing, and no empirical research has been carried out to determine the role that fairness plays in collaborative studies. In order to begin to gain understanding in this area, we interviewed 36 biobank stakeholders currently working in Switzerland, focusing on their perceptions of current and optimal fair sharing practices. Our findings reveal that fairness is an important feature of exchange situations for these stakeholders, and that they have well‐formed notions about the practical elements of fair sample access, although ideas about the concept of fairness itself are vague. In order to support efforts to network biobanks, attention should be paid to this issue to reassure all involved that they are getting a fair share in their cooperative efforts.
Rethinking Informed Consent in Research on Heroin‐Assisted Treatment
Authors: Uusitalo Susanne , Broers Barbara 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCan heroin addicts give consent to research on trials in which heroin is prescribed to them? Analyses of addicts and informed consent have been objects of debate in several articles. Informed consent requires the agent not only to be competent but also to give consent voluntarily. This has been questioned because of alleged features of heroin addiction. Until recently the discussion has focused on heroin addicts' desires for heroin, whether these are irresistible and thus pose a problem for giving consent. Still, in light of empirical evidence, there seems to be a consensus more or less that the problem is not whether the addicts can resist their desire for heroin. A recent article concentrates specifically on heroin addicts' false assumptions of options and voluntariness. We argue that the prevailing framing of the options in this discussion in terms of heroin and access to it is problematic. The way in which the options are typically laid out suggests an assumption that participation in the research is allegedly based on the addicts' views on using the drug. We argue that this way of presenting the options is, first, a mismatch to the studies carried out and, second, symptomatic of potential misconceptions about heroin addiction and addicts. Furthermore, we also suggest that the account of voluntariness needs to be realistic in order for subjects to be able to give consent voluntarily in actual situations, and for medical research to carry out studies on improving outcomes in addiction treatment in an ethical way.
The messenger between worlds: the regulation of innate and adaptive type‐2 immunity by innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Scanlon S. T. , McKenzie A. N. J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAlthough type‐2 immune responses evolved primarily to defend against extracellular helminths, in part through the co‐opting of tissue repair and remodeling mechanisms, they are often inappropriately directed towards relatively innocuous allergens resulting in conditions including asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and atopic dermatitis. The recent discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) has increased our understanding of the initiation of these responses and the roles played by CD4+ T helper (Th) 2 cells in their modulation. This review focuses on the important messenger role of ILC2 in translating epithelial‐derived alarmins into downstream adaptive type‐2 responses via dendritic cells and T cells, with special emphasis on their roles in allergic disease.
Partial rescue of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mice with a lifelong engraftment of allogeneic stem cells in utero
Authors: Ihara Norimasa , Akihiro Umezawa , Onami Naoko , Tsumura Hideki , Inoue Eisuke , Hayashi Satoshi , Sago Haruhiko , Mizutani Shuki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) has been performed in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (MPSVII) mice, but a lifelong engraftment of allogeneic donor cells has not been achieved. In this study, we sought to confirm a lifelong engraftment of allogeneic donor cells immunologically matched to the mother and to achieve partial rescue of phenotypes in the original MPSVII strain through IUHCT by intravenous injection. We performed in vitro fertilization in a MPSVII murine model and transferred affected embryos to ICR/B6‐GFP surrogate mothers in cases where fetuses receiving IUHCT were all homozygous. Lineage‐depleted cells from ICR/B6‐GFP mice were injected intravenously at E14.5. Chimerism was confirmed by flow cytometry at 4 weeks after birth, and β‐glucuronidase activity in serum and several phenotypes were assessed at 8 weeks of age or later. Donor cells in chimeric mice from ICR/B6‐GFP mothers were detected at death, and were confirmed in several tissues including the brains of sacrificed chimeric mice. Although the serum enzyme activity of chimeric mice was extremely low, the engraftment rate of donor cells correlated with enzyme activity. Furthermore, improvement of bone structure and rescue of reproductive ability were confirmed in our limited preclinical study. We confirmed the lifelong engraftment of donor cells in an original immunocompetent MPSVII murine model using intravenous IUHCT with cells immunologically matched to the mother without myeloablation, and the improvement of several phenotypes.
What happens after R1 resection in patients undergoing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer? A study in 333 consecutive patients
Authors: Debove C. , Maggiori L. , Chau A. , Kanso F. , Ferron M. , Panis Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimThere are no studies on the respective influence of microscopic involvement at the circumferential (R1c) and the distal margin (R1d) of the surgical specimen on oncological results after laparoscopic mesorectal excision.MethodWe studied 333 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic mesorectal excision for cancer. An R1 resection was defined a by a circumferential and/or distal margin of 1 mm or less.ResultsForty (12%) patients had an R1 resection including R1c [n = 28 (70%)], R1d [n = 7 (18%)] or both [n = 5 (12%)]. After a mean of 28 (0–97) months, comparisons of R1 with R0 resection were as follows: mortality 10% and 4% (NS), overall recurrence 48% and 19% (P < 0.001), 2‐year disease‐free survival rate 51% and 76% (P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) rate 91% and 96% (NS). For R1c patients mortality was 14% (4% for R0; P = 0.026), overall recurrence 46% (19% for R0; P = 0.028) and 2‐year OS 88% (96% for R0; P = 0.025). No significant differences were found between R1d and R0. The metastatic recurrence rate was greater in R1c then R0 (29% vs 12%; P = 0.036) but not for R1d (14% vs 12%; NS). Locoregional recurrence rates of R1c (7%) and R1d (0%) were similar to R0 (4%).ConclusionThis study shows that the poorer prognosis observed after R1 resection for rectal cancer is due to circumferential rather than distal involvement. This is mainly related to a higher rate of metastatic recurrence.
An Evolutionary Analysis of Learned Attention
Authors: Hullinger Richard A. , Kruschke John K. , Todd Peter M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHumans and many other species selectively attend to stimuli or stimulus dimensions—but why should an animal constrain information input in this way? To investigate the adaptive functions of attention, we used a genetic algorithm to evolve simple connectionist networks that had to make categorization decisions in a variety of environmental structures. The results of these simulations show that while learned attention is not universally adaptive, its benefit is not restricted to the reduction of input complexity in order to keep it within an organism's processing capacity limitations. Instead, being able to shift attention provides adaptive benefit by allowing faster learning with fewer errors in a range of ecologically plausible environments.
Temperature effects on reproduction and adult lifespan of the smaller fruit tortrix, Grapholita lobarzewskii
Authors: Graf B. , Höpli H.U. , Höhn H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effects of temperature on adult lifespan, reproduction, and oviposition behaviour of Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were studied under controlled and semi‐field conditions to improve the basis for phenological forecasting. The average female lifespan ranged from 18.9 days at 25.1 °C to 65.3 days at 11.0 °C. For adult female ageing, a lower thermal threshold (THR) of 8.6 °C and a thermal constant (K) of 298 degree days (dd) were established. At constant temperatures, fecundity ranged from 0.3 eggs per female at 11.0 °C to 107 eggs per female at 21.2 °C. The highest fecundity of 127 eggs per female was observed at fluctuating temperatures. Oviposition lasted on average 350 dd, but 50% of the eggs were laid within the first 100 dd after adult emergence. Grapholita lobarzewskii had a distinct circadian rhythm for oviposition. Females began to lay eggs at ca. 16:00 hours and ceased at 24:00 hours with the peak occurring generally at 19:00 hours. Females reacted very sensitively to sudden temperature changes. A temperature drop of 3.1 °C could cause a 1‐day interruption of oviposition.
Intrathoracic oesophageal perforation and secondary pleuropneumonia: Five cases
Authors: Hepworth‐Warren K. L. , Wilgenbusch C. M. , Wong D. M. , Fales‐Williams A. J. , Wiechert S. A. , Sponseller B. A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPerforation of the oesophagus is an uncommon event that can occur for a variety of reasons. While cervical ruptures of the oesophagus can be managed successfully, intrathoracic lesions warrant a far worse prognosis. Intrathoracic rupture of the oesophagus can occur spontaneously, with no known history of oesophageal obstruction, and may not be identified until a septic pleuropneumonia develops. This report describes the history, clinical presentation, response to therapy and outcome of 5 cases of intrathoracic oesophageal perforation and secondary septic pleuropneumonia.
Hypoxia after transarterial chemoembolization may trigger a progenitor cell phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lai Jin‐Ping , Conley Andrew , Knudsen Beatrice S , Guindi Maha 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo test the hypothesis that the hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and the cholangiocytic/progenitor markers cytokeratin (CK) 19 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), may be expressed in areas of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for CAIX, CK19 and EpCAM (BerEP4) was performed in 57 HCCs, including 40 residual/recurrent tumours adjacent to the TACE treatment site and 17 untreated tumours from the same 40 patients. CAIX was exxpressed in 19 of 40 residual/recurrent HCCs and in two of 17 untreated HCCs. The rate of CAIX immunoreactivity in the treated tumours was significantly higher than that in the non‐treated tumours (47.5% versus 11.8%, P = 0.015). CK19 and EpCAM were expressed in six of 19 and in seven of 19 CAIX‐positive TACE‐treated HCCs, respectively, but were not expressed in CAIX‐negative tumours or untreated tumours. There were significant associations between CK19 and CAIX immunoreactivity, and between EpCAM and CAIX immunoreactivity (P = 0.007 and P = 0.003, respectively). Double staining of CAIX and CK19 showed co‐localization of both proteins in five of six cases. Three of seven EpCAM‐positive tumours were also positive for CK19.ConclusionsHypoxia may trigger the expression of proteins that are normally associated with cholangiocytic/progenitor cell differentiation, suggesting that TACE paradoxically causes an aggressive tumour phenotype.
GATA‐binding protein 3, gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 and mammaglobin have distinct prognostic implications in different invasive breast carcinoma subgroups
Authors: Ni Yun Bi , Tsang Julia Y S , Chan Siu Ki , Tse Gary M 
Published: November 2014

AimsTo evaluate the prognostic significance of GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3), gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15) and mammaglobin (MGB) in invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs).Methods and resultsGATA‐3, GCDFP‐15 and MGB were expressed in 37.9% (370/976), 26.0% (254/978) and 35.3% (348/986) of this cohort of 1017 IBCs, respectively. GCDFP‐15 was an independent favourable prognostic factor in all cases [disease‐free survival (DFS), hazard ratio (HR) 0.587, P = 0.049; overall survival (OS), HR 0.512, P = 0.049], as well as in oestrogen receptor (ER)‐negative (DFS, HR 0.353, P = 0.012; OS, HR 0.310, P = 0.017) and HER2‐positive (DFS, HR 0.279, P = 0.036; OS, HR 0.235, P = 0.050) cases; it also refined the prognostication of molecular apocrine cancers. GATA‐3 and MGB did not show any prognostic significance.ConclusionsThe commonly used breast carcinoma biomarkers vary in their prognostic implications. GCDFP‐15 independently indicated a favourable prognosis, especially in ER‐negative, HER2‐positive and molecular apocrine cancers. GATA‐3 and MGB were not associated with outcome.
Periapical cemento‐osseous dysplasia: a case report with twelve‐year follow‐up and review of literature
Authors: Senia E. S. , Sarao M. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo present a case report describing the long‐term behaviour of periapical cemento‐osseous dysplasia by observing the radiographic changes that took place over a period of 12 years. A review of the pertinent literature is also presented.SummaryA healthy 26‐year‐old white female was referred to the Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Endodontic Department for evaluation of an asymptomatic radiolucency at the apex of the right mandibular lateral incisor. Following a clinical evaluation that included pulp testing, a diagnosis of periapical cemento‐osseous dysplasia (PCOD) was made. No treatment was rendered but follow‐up visits were recommended. The patient was subsequently re‐evaluated 8 times over a period of 12 years. During that time the lesion changed in appearance, displaying the various phases of PCOD. At the same time, lesions affecting the three adjoining incisors appeared and behaved in a similar manner. At the 12‐year recall, the right lateral and both central incisors revealed no evidence of PCOD and an almost normal trabecular pattern of bone could be seen. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of PCOD may be avoided with careful pulp testing and knowledge of its most common locations of occurrence, radiographic appearances (phases) and benign behaviour.
A Novel Blue‐Emitting Phosphor of Eu2+‐Activated Magnesium Haloborate Mg3B7O13Cl
Authors: Qiao Xuebin , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: November 2014

Eu2+‐doped magnesium haloborate Mg3B7O13Cl was synthesized by the conventional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The phase formation was confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements and structure refinement. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, and decay curves were measured. Under the excitation of near‐UV light, Eu2+‐doped Mg3B7O13Cl presents a narrow blue‐emitting band centered at 423 nm. The maximum absolute quantum efficiency (QE) of Mg3B7O13Cl:Eu2+ phosphor was measured to be 80% excited at 385 nm light at 300 K. The thermal stability of the blue luminescence was evaluated by the luminescence decays as a function of temperature. The phosphor shows an excellent thermal stability on temperature quenching effects. Moreover, Mg3B7O13Cl:Eu2+ phosphor shows scintillation characteristics excited by X‐ray irradiation at room temperature and presents a blue luminescence band with a fast lifetime of 600 ns.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of MLi2Ti6O14 [M=Ba and Sr] Ceramics and Their Compatibility with Sliver
Authors: Su Congxue , Fang Weishuang , Wei Zhenhai , Tang Ying , Fang Liang 
Published: November 2014

Microwave dielectric properties of Li‐containing orthorhombic compounds with the composition of MLi2Ti6O14 (M = Ba and Sr) were investigated. The ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction route. The optimized sintering temperatures for the BaLi2Ti6O14 and SrLi2Ti6O14 ceramics are 1025°C and 1000°C, respectively. Favorable microwave dielectric properties were obtained with moderate εr of 31.7 and 33.6, quality factor Q × f values of 23 300 (at 7.3 GHz) and 8700 GHz (at 6.8 GHz), and low‐temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) values of −15.4 and −2.7 ppm/°C for BaLi2Ti6O14 and SrLi2Ti6O14 ceramics, respectively. The addition of BaCu(B2O5) can effectively reduce the sintering temperature below 930°C without degrading the microwave dielectric properties. Compatibility with Ag electrode indicates these materials could be applied to low‐temperature cofired ceramic devices.
Luminescence Properties and Energy‐Transfer Behavior of a Novel and Color‐Tunable LaMgAl11O19:Tm3+, Dy3+ Phosphor for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Min Xin , Fang Minghao , Huang Zhaohui , Liu Yan'gai , Tang Chao , Wu Xiaowen 
Published: November 2014

Novel LaMgAl11O19:Tm3+, Dy3+ phosphors were prepared utilizing a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The phase formation, luminescence properties, energy‐transfer mechanism from the Tm3+ to the Dy3+ ions, the thermal stability, and CIE coordinates were investigated. When excited at 359 nm, the LaMgAl11O19: xTm3+ phosphors exhibit strong blue emission bands at 455 nm. After codoping with Dy3+ and excitation at 359 nm, the LaMgAl11O19:0.03Tm3+, yDy3+ phosphors emitted white light consisting of the characteristic emission peaks of Tm3+ and Dy3+. The Dy3+ emission intensity increased with the Dy3+ concentration due to the energy transfer from Tm3+ to Dy3+, and concentration quenching due to the high Dy3+ doping concentration (y = 0.1 mol) did not occur. The calculation of the CIE coordinates of the LaMgAl11O19:Tm3+, yDy3+ phosphors revealed the tunability of the emission color from blue to bluish‐white and to white by changing the excitation wavelength and the doping concentration. An energy transfer from Tm3+ to Dy3+ by dipole–dipole interaction was confirmed by the decay curve, lifetime, and energy‐transfer efficiency measurements. When excited at 359 nm, the LaMgAl11O19:Tm3+, Dy3+ phosphor also showed good thermal stability, suggesting that it can be used in white LEDs excited by a GaN‐based ultraviolet LED.