bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Human IgA1 and IgA2 Autoantibodies to Type VII Collagen Induce Subepidermal Blistering Ex Vivo
Authors: Recke Andreas , Trog Luisa M. , Pas Hendri H. , Vorobyev Artem , Abadpour Aida , Jonkman Marcel F. , van Zandbergen Ger , Kauderer Claudia , Zillikens Detlef , Vidarsson Gestur , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSubepidermal autoimmune blistering dermatoses (AIBD) are prototypic autoantibody-mediated diseases. In epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune disease with severe and chronic skin blistering, autoantibodies are directed against type VII collagen. IgG is the predominant autoantibody isotype of EBA, the pathogenicity of which has been demonstrated in a variety of in vivo and ex vivo disease models. In contrast, there is not much evidence for the pathogenicity of IgA, which may appear as the only autoantibody isotype in some EBA patients. To investigate the pathogenic potential of IgA autoantibodies, we generated chimeric V gene–matched human IgA1, IgA2, and control IgG1 autoantibodies directed against type VII collagen. Immobilized immune complexes containing the rIgA1 and rIgA2 autoantibodies induced the dose-dependent release of reactive oxygen species from neutrophil granulocytes, a precondition for blister formation. Moreover, both rIgA1 and rIgA2 induced leukocyte-dependent dermal–epidermal separation in cryosections of human skin. In contrast with rIgG1, neither rIgA1 nor rIgA2 was capable of inducing complement deposition at the dermal–epidermal junction. Because complement activation is a prerequisite for blister induction, this lack of function compared with IgG1 may be compensated for by the stronger activation of neutrophil granulocytes by both IgA1 and IgA2. For IgG-mediated AIBD, immunoadsorption therapy is a convenient treatment modality for the removal of pathogenic autoantibodies, particularly in treatment-resistant cases. The results of this study show the pathogenic potential of IgA autoantibodies and support the development of adsorber matrices for IgA-mediated AIBD.
The Differential Regulation of Human ACT1 Isoforms by Hsp90 in IL-17 Signaling
Authors: Wu Ling , Wang Chenhui , Boisson Bertrand , Misra Saurav , Rayman Patricia , Finke James H. , Puel Anne , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Li Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including psoriasis. ACT1 is an essential adaptor molecule in the IL-17 signaling pathway. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs33980500; SNP-D10N) that resulted in the substitution of an asparagine for an aspartic acid at position 10 of ACT1 (ACT1-D10N) is associated with psoriasis susceptibility. Due to alternative splicing in humans, SNP-D10N encodes two mutated ACT1 proteins, ACT1-D10N and ACT1-D19N. Although both ACT1 isoforms are Hsp90 client proteins, the nine additional amino acids in ACT1-D19N provide an additional Hsp90 binding site that is absent in ACT1-D10N. Therefore, whereas ACT1-D10N is a dead protein that is unable to transduce IL-17 signals for gene expression, ACT1-D19N is fully responsive to IL-17. Intriguingly, the two ACT1 isoforms are differentially expressed in ACT1D10N/D10N fibroblasts and T cells. Fibroblasts express both isoforms equally, enabling ACT1-D19N to compensate for the loss of ACT1-D10N function. ACT1D10N/D10N T cells, however, express predominantly ACT1-D10N. Lacking this compensatory mechanism, ACT1D10N/D10N T cells behave like ACT1-deficient T cells, exhibiting a dysregulated and hyperactive Th17 phenotype with overproduction of IL-22 and IL-17. The hyperactive Th17 response combined with fully responsive fibroblasts likely synergized to contribute to psoriasis susceptibility in SNP-D10N patients.
Cowpox Virus Protein CPXV012 Eludes CTLs by Blocking ATP Binding to TAP
Authors: Luteijn Rutger D. , Hoelen Hanneke , Kruse Elisabeth , van Leeuwen Wouter F. , Grootens Jennine , Horst Daniëlle , Koorengevel Martijn , Drijfhout Jan W. , Kremmer Elisabeth , Früh Klaus , Neefjes Jacques J. , Killian Antoinette , Lebbink Robert Jan , Ressing Maaike E. , Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
CD8+ CTLs detect virus-infected cells through recognition of virus-derived peptides presented at the cell surface by MHC class I molecules. The cowpox virus protein CPXV012 deprives the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of peptides for loading onto newly synthesized MHC class I molecules by inhibiting the transporter associated with Ag processing (TAP). This evasion strategy allows the virus to avoid detection by the immune system. In this article, we show that CPXV012, a 9-kDa type II transmembrane protein, prevents peptide transport by inhibiting ATP binding to TAP. We identified a segment within the ER-luminal domain of CPXV012 that imposes the block in peptide transport by TAP. Biophysical studies show that this domain has a strong affinity for phospholipids that are also abundant in the ER membrane. We discuss these findings in an evolutionary context and show that a frameshift deletion in the CPXV012 gene in an ancestral cowpox virus created the current form of CPXV012 that is capable of inhibiting TAP. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the ER-luminal domain of CPXV012 inserts into the ER membrane, where it interacts with TAP. CPXV012 presumably induces a conformational arrest that precludes ATP binding to TAP and, thus, activity of TAP, thereby preventing the presentation of viral peptides to CTLs.
Relationship of angiogenic and apoptotic activities in soft-tissue sarcoma
Authors: Win Thin Thin , Jaafar Hasnan , Yusuf Yusri 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Angiogenesis and apoptosis play an essential role in tumor development and progression. Previous studies on apoptosis and angiogenesis of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) were done separately. This is the first study of the relationship between apoptotic and angiogenic activity. Correlation of expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) in the tumor cells (TCs) with their expression in endothelial cell (EC) of the tumor blood vessels in STS were also carried out. Materials and Methods: 101 cases of STS; consisting liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; were collected and immunohistochemical reaction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Bcl-2 and Bax were examined. Results: Higher Bax expression in TCs (54.5%) was seen compared to Bcl-2 expression (44.6%). There was a significant association between Bcl-2 and Bax in TCs with ECs. Significant association was also seen between histological types of STS with Bcl-2 expression; however not with Bax expression. There was an association between VEGF and Bax with high VEGF expression and weak Bax expression. However, VEGF expression was not associated with Bcl-2 expression and histological types. Conclusion: This study supports the role of ECs of tumor blood vessels and apoptosis of TCs in tumor management. Increased angiogenesis may inhibit apoptosis of TCs and lead to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of ECs survival or activation of ECs death is promising prospect for tumor therapy. Immunohistochemical antibodies in this study might be potential useful marker for the prognosis of STS.
A feedback loop links brownification and anoxia in a temperate, shallow lake
Authors: Brothers S. , Köhler J. , Attermeyer K. , Grossart H. P. , Mehner T. , Meyer N. , Scharnweber K. , Hilt S. 
Published: July 2014

This study examines a natural, rapid, fivefold increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in a temperate shallow lake, describing the processes by which increased DOC resulted in anoxic conditions and altered existing carbon cycling pathways. High precipitation for two consecutive years led to rising water levels and the flooding of adjacent degraded peatlands. Leaching from the flooded soils provided an initial increase in DOC concentrations (from a 2010 mean of 12 ± 1 mg L−1 to a maximum concentration of 53 mg L−1 by June 2012). Increasing water levels, DOC, and phytoplankton concentrations reduced light reaching the sediment surface, eliminating most benthic primary production and promoting anoxia in the hypolimnion. From January to June 2012 there was a sudden increase in total phosphorus (from 57 µg L−1 to 216 µg L−1), DOC (from 24.6 mg L−1 to 53 mg L−1), and iron (from 0.12 mg L−1 to 1.07 mg L−1) concentrations, without any further large fluxes in water levels. We suggest that anoxic conditions at the sediment surface and flooded soils produced a dramatic release of these chemicals that exacerbated brownification and eutrophication, creating anoxic conditions that persisted roughly 6 months below a water depth of 1 m and extended periodically to the water surface. This brownification‐anoxia feedback loop resulted in a near‐complete loss of macroinvertebrate and fish populations, and increased surface carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by an order of magnitude relative to previous years.
Mass‐specific light absorption coefficients of natural aquatic particles in the near‐infrared spectral region
Authors: Röttgers Rüdiger , Dupouy Cecile , Taylor Bettina B. , Bracher Astrid , Woźniak Slawomir B. 
Published: July 2014

The extent of light absorption in the near‐infrared spectral region (NIR; 700–900 nm) of natural suspended particles was investigated by determining the absorption and mass‐specific absorption coefficients of samples from different environments: river, coastal waters, tropical lagoon, and oceanic waters. Large amounts of sample were collected onto glass‐fiber filters and measured inside the integrating sphere of a spectrophotometer. The absorption coefficient of particle suspension was also determined for visible wavelengths with a point‐source integrating cavity absorption meter. Measurable nonzero particulate absorption in the NIR was determined in all samples, even in algal cultures. It was highest in the river samples (e.g., 1.7 m−1 at 850 nm), reaching values similar to the NIR absorption of pure water—a strong NIR absorber. Lowest values were in oligotrophic waters and in algal cultures. Ratios of absorption at 750 nm to absorption at 442 and 672 nm varied between 2% to 30% and 3% to 80%, respectively. Mass‐specific absorption in the NIR at 850 nm was also highest in the river (0.012 m2 g−1) and lowest in oligotrophic waters (0.002–0.003 m2 g−1). The observed NIR absorption can partly be explained by absorption of minerogenic particles, whereas the contribution of organic detritus to the NIR absorption is still mostly unknown.
Ricœur et la théorie de l’action
Authors: Petit Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRicoeur’s Philosophy of the Will is reexamined here both as a source of motivation for his project of dialoguing with the analytic theory of action and as an explanation for the lack of response on the part of his Anglo-American interlocutors.Keywords: Actions, Language, Body, Idealism. RésuméLa Philosophie de la volonté de Ricœur est revisitée ici comme source de motivation de son entreprise de dialogue avec la théorie analytique de l’action et comme explication du défaut de réponse de ses interlocuteurs anglo-américains.Mots-clés: Actions, Langage, Corps, Idéalisme.
O PAPEL DA LEITURA NA FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR: concepções, práticas e perspectivas
Authors: Alves Farias Sandra , Esteves Bortolanza Ana Maria 
Published: July 2014

A leitura é fonte de construção do saber, por isso, fundamental na educação em qualquer nível. Tendo em vista sua importância no processo de compreensão de mundo, a leitura constitui hoje uma demanda social. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o papel da leitura na formação do professor de língua materna, em contextos escolares. O artigo foi desenvolvido em três tópicos: o primeiro aborda a formação inicial de professores para o ensino da leitura e o professor como agente organizador no processo de mediação da leitura. O segundo tópico trata da leitura como objeto de ensino, focalizando concepções e práticas de ensino de leitura, no âmbito do curso de Letras. No terceiro e último tópico são apresentadas práticas e perspectivas de formação de professores-leitores na universidade, com foco no professor como organizador das práticas educativas de leitura em sala de aula. Nas considerações finais, conclui-se com uma breve reflexão sobre a temática que dá corpo a este artigo: o papel da leitura na formação do professor. Os autores que subsidiaram este estudo foram Benevides (2006); Carvalho (2002); Contreras (2002); Corrêa (2001); Dalvi; Kleiman (1989; 2001); Orlandi (1988).
“INOVAÇÕES” METODOLÓGICAS NO CAMPO DA PESQUISA NA HISTÓRIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS.
Authors: Carvalho Carlos Henrique de , Carvalho Luciana Beatriz de Oliveira Bar de 
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar algumas discussões relativas às “inovações” teórico-metodológicas no campo da História Educação, tendo em vista a ampliação desta área nas últimas três décadas. Tal adensamento decorreu em razão da constituição e consolidação de grupos de pesquisas por todo país, ficando estes devotados aos estudos sobre o processo de formação da sociedade brasileira, a partir dos embates travados no âmbito da criação de um “sistema” nacional de ensino público. Com este horizonte o texto procura demarcar qual foi a contribuição da “revolução historiográfica francesa” aos estudos histórico-educacionais e como esta historiografia educacional incorpora as “novas abordagenas”, os “novos objetos” e os “novos problemas” às suas pesquisas. Assim, emerge os debates em torno dos estudos relacionados ao local versus o global, da imprensa enquanto fonte de pesquisa, seja esta especializada ou não. Portanto, esta análise busca discutir em que cenário afloram essas tendências e quais são as perspectivas atuais para o campo da História da Educação no país.
Sensitive Methodology for Simultaneous Determination of Residues of Imidacloprid and its Metabolites in Sugarcane Leaves and Soil
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Mandal Kousik , Singh Balwinder 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An analytical method to quantify imidacloprid and its metabolites in sugarcane leaves and soil using HPLC has been developed. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile + water (80 + 20, v/v), soil samples partitioned with dichloromethane, and leaf samples with hexane + ethyl acetate (9 + 1, v/v) and dichloromethane. Further, the extracts were dried, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum into HPLC-grade acetonitrile. Residues were estimated using an HPLC equipped with a photodiode array detector system, C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile + water (40 + 60, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min to separate imidacloprid and its six metabolites in single run of 20 min. The mean percent recoveries of imidacloprid and its metabolites ranged from 80.45 to 99.80 from sugarcane leaves and 80.20 to 99.70 from sugarcane soils. The analytical method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy. The repeatability values ranged from 0.24 to 3.15% and 1.69 to 4.94%, along with 2.73 to 3.82% and 1.12 to 4.96%, for imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil, respectively. The reproducibility of imidacloprid and its metabolites in leaves and soil ranged from 2.20 to 4.27% and 2.53 to 4.08%, respectively, and all measurements were within 15% at all concentration levels.
Immunomagnetic Separation and Visual Fluorescence Detection of E. coli O157 Using AOAC Approved SASTM Molecular Tests
Authors: Bapanpally Chandra , Maganty Gayatri , Khan Shah , Kasra Akif , Morey Amit 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The SASTM Molecular Tests method for the detection of E. coli O157 in various food matrixes has been certified by the AOAC Research Institute and designated Performance Tested MethodSM No. 031203. The current method modification includes the optional immunomagnetic separation (IMS) to enrich the bacteria as well as optional visual fluorescence readout without the use of a turbidimeter. The following study was conducted to validate the proposed modifications against the U. S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) reference methods. E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 35150 and NM (non-motile) 700377 strains were used to inoculate the ground beef, beef trim, and spinach to obtain 20 low (0.23–2 CFU/test portion) and five high levels (3–5 CFU/test portion) of inoculations. Enriched samples were tested directly and subjected to anti-E. coli IMS prior to the SAS Molecular Tests. Results were determined via visual fluorescence and via turbidity using a turbidimeter. All the replicates, irrespective of the results, were confirmed using MLG 5.05 or BAM Chapter 4A methods. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the detection of fractional positives (5–15 positives out of 20 replicates) with any of the methods tested above as compared to the reference methods. No false positives or negatives were detected except for two in the ground beef with IMS+Turbidity method. No false-negative samples were detected. Statistical analysis indicated that the modified methods were equivalent to the reference methods in detecting E. coli O157:H7 in the food matrixes tested. SAS Molecular Tests E. coli O157 Detection Kit can be used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, beef trim, and spinach. The inclusion of IMS in the modified method improved the detection rate of E. coli O157:H7 in spinach and showed comparable detection rate in ground beef and beef trim. The optional use of visual fluorescent reagent and heat block either with IMS or without IMS produced results that were comparable to the results obtained from using a real-time turbidimeter.
Chemometric Study and Optimization of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Parameters for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Processed Cocoa from Nigeria Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Abdulra'uf Lukman Bola , Tan Guan Huat 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless sample preparation method that combines sample preparation, isolation, concentration, and enrichment into one step. A simple and effective method coupling headspace-SPME to GC/MS was developed for the analysis of chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, endosulfan I, and endosulfan II pesticide residues in cocoa powder. In this study, multivariate strategy was used to determine the significance of the factors affecting the SPME of the pesticides using a Plackett-Burman design, and the significant factors were optimized using central composite design. The analytes were extracted with 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane fibers according to the factorial design matrix and desorbed into a GC/MS instrument. The developed method was applied for the analysis of a cocoa powder sample, and it exhibited good figures of merit for the analytical methodology. Using the optimized conditions, the linearity ranged from 2.5 to 500 μg/kg (R2 &gt; 0.99) using an internal standard calibration method, and the average recoveries were between 75 and 95%, with RSD values between 3.8 and 9.7%.
A Review of Methods for the Analysis of Orphan and Difficult Pesticides: Glyphosate, Glufosinate, Quaternary Ammonium and Phenoxy Acid Herbicides, and Dithiocarbamate and Phthalimide Fungicides
Authors: Raina-Fulton Renata 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article reviews the chromatography/MS methodologies for analysis of pesticide residues of orphan and difficult chemical classes in a variety of sample matrixes including water, urine, blood, and food. The review focuses on pesticide classes that are not commonly included in multiresidue analysis methods such as highly polar or ionic herbicides including glyphosate, glufosinate, quaternary ammonium, and phenoxy acid herbicides, and some of their major degradation or metabolite products. In addition, dithiocarbamate and phthalimide fungicides, which are thermally unstable and have stability issues in some solvents or sample matrixes, are also examined due to their special needs in residue analysis.
QuEChERS Approach for the Determination of Biopesticides in Organic and Nonorganic Vegetables and Fruits by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Romero-González Roberto , Plaza-Bolaños Patricia , Limón-Garduza Rocío I , Martínez-Vidal José L , Frenich Antonia Garrido 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A method for the determination of 14 biopesticides and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), often applied in organic farming, in vegetables and fruits has been developed. Extraction was performed using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method, and the determination was carried out by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS in 9 min. Several different food commodities were evaluated as representative matrixes, namely, cucumber, tomato, pepper (high water content), and strawberry and orange (high acid and water content). Biopesticides were quantified using matrix-matched calibration, and the optimized method was validated at three concentration levels, i.e., 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg, for all the compounds, yielding recoveries in the range 70–112%, 71–112%, and 70–109%, respectively, with RSDs &lt;28%. LOQs were &lt;3 μg/kg for all biopesticides. The validated procedure was applied to the analysis of vegetables and fruits, including products from organic farming; PBO was detected in one sample at 8 μg/kg.
Determination of Pesticides in Sunflower Seeds by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with a Diode Array Detector
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Rejczak Tomasz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The application of RP-HPLC with a diode array detector for identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides in sunflower seed samples is demonstrated. An HPLC procedure on C18 RP column has been developed for analysis of selected pesticides from different chemical groups: simazine, isoproturon, terbuthylazine, linuron, captan, terbutryn, procymidone, fenitrothion, clofentezine, and bromopropylate. We investigated the possibility of expanding the scope of the four analyte extraction procedures for isolation of pesticides from plant matrixes with high levels of lipids. The following procedures were tested: A, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UAE) and SPE; B, dispersive-SPE (d-SPE); C, UAE and d-SPE; and D, UAE/SPE/d-SPE. Average recoveries from spiked samples at different concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 1.40 μg/g in the plant materials and the SDs for C18 cartridges and solvents by the proposed RP-HPLC-DAD method after the extraction procedures are also presented. The efficiency of procedures A–D was evaluated using real food samples from Hungary, Bulgaria, and Poland. The quantity of terbuthylazine determined was in the range of 7.1–12.7 ng/g (n = 6), whereas the quantity of procymidone determined was in the range of 3.7–5.7 ng/g (n = 3) in plant materials. The quantities of pesticides determined in sunflower seeds were below the maximum residue levels (excluding captan) established in the European Union legislation. The method was validated for precision and accuracy.