bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unintended Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Performance on Investors' Estimates of Fundamental Value
Authors: Elliott W. Brooke , Jackson Kevin E. , Peecher Mark E. , White Brian J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
We provide theory and experimental evidence consistent with an unintended, causal relation between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance and investors' estimates of fundamental value that can be attenuated by investors' explicit assessment of CSR performance. Consistent with “affect-as-information” theory from psychology, we find that investors who are exposed to, but do not explicitly assess, CSR performance derive higher fundamental value estimates in response to positive CSR performance, and lower fundamental value estimates in response to negative CSR performance. Explicit assessment of CSR performance, however, significantly diminishes this effect, indicating that the effect among investors who do not explicitly assess CSR performance is unintended; i.e., they unintentionally use their affective reactions to CSR performance in estimating fundamental value. Supplemental findings shed light on consequences of these fundamental value estimates: investors who do not explicitly assess CSR performance rely on their unintentionally influenced estimates of fundamental value to increase the price they are willing to pay to invest in the stock of a firm with positive CSR performance. Overall, our theory and findings contribute to the CSR and affect literatures in accounting by revealing the contingent nature of how and to what extent CSR performance influences investors' beliefs about firm value and the bids these investors are likely to make in equity markets.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
A bi-logistic growth model for conference registration with an early bird deadline
Authors: Fenner Trevor , Levene Mark , Loizou George 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe recent interest in human dynamics has led researchers to investigate the processes that explain human behaviour within different contexts. Here we are concerned in modelling the human response to a deadline, and in particular we look at the process of conference registration with an early bird deadline. We provide empirical evidence from a six-year conference registration data set that the bi-logistic growth function, with the interpretation as registration with an early bird deadline, can be viewed as a social mechanism.
Development of the first chloroplast microsatellite loci in Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae)
Authors: Xie Chun‐Xiang , Zhao Ming‐Shui , Fu Cheng‐Xin , Zhao Yun‐Peng 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: To investigate population genetics, phylogeography, and cultivar origin of Ginkgo biloba, chloroplast microsatellite primers were developed.• Methods and Results: Twenty‐one chloroplast microsatellite markers were identified referring to the two published chloroplast genomes of G. biloba. Polymorphisms were assessed on four natural populations from the two refugia in China. Eight loci were detected to be polymorphic in these populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to seven, and the unbiased haploid diversity per locus varied from 0.441 to 0.807.• Conclusions: For the first time, we developed 21 chloroplast microsatellite markers for G. biloba, including 13 monomorphic and eight polymorphic ones within the assessed natural populations. These markers should provide a powerful tool for the study of genetic variation of both natural and cultivated populations of G. biloba, as well as cultivars.
Soil type affectsPinus ponderosavar.scopulorum(Pinaceae) seedling growth in simulated drought experiments
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Kilgore Jason S. 
Published: July 2013

•Premise of the study:Effects of drought stress and media type interactions on growth ofPinus ponderosavar.scopulorumgerminants were investigated.•Methods and Results:Soil properties and growth responses under drought were compared across four growth media types: two native soils (dolomitic limestone and granite), a soil‐less industry standard conifer medium, and a custom‐mixed conifer medium. After 35 d of growth, the seedlings under drought stress (reduced watering) produced less shoot and root biomass than watered control seedlings. Organic media led to decreased root biomass, but increased root length and shoot biomass relative to the mineral soils.•Conclusions:Media type affected root‐to‐shoot biomass partitioning ofP. ponderosavar.scopulorum, which may influence net photosynthetic rates, growth, and long‐term seedling survival. Further work should examine how specific soil properties like bulk density and organic matter influence biomass allocation in greenhouse studies.
A method for preparing spaceflight RNAlater‐fixed Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) tissue for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Schultz Eric R. , Kelley Karen L. , Paul Anna‐Lisa , Ferl Robert J. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: In spaceflight experiments, tissues for morphologic study are fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde, while tissues for molecular study are fixed in RNAlater; thus, an experiment containing both study components requires multiple fixation strategies. The possibility of using RNAlater‐fixed materials for standard SEM‐based morphometric investigation was explored to expand the library of tissues available for analysis and maximize usage of samples returned from spaceflight, but these technologies have wide application to any situation where recovery of biological resources is limited.• Methods and Results: RNAlater‐fixed samples were desalinated in distilled water, dehydrated through graded methanol, plunged into liquid ethane, and transferred to cryovials for freeze‐substitution. Sample tissues were critical point dried, mounted, sputter‐coated, and imaged.• Conclusions: The protocol resulted in acceptable SEM images from RNAlater‐fixed Arabidopsis thaliana tissue. The majority of the tissues remained intact, including general morphology and finer details such as root hairs and trichomes.
Globalisation, Gender, and Equity – Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Labour Markets in Rural Indonesia
Authors: Siegmann Karin Astrid 
Published: July 2013

This study assesses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on gendered labour markets in rural Indonesia. It focuses on the gender composition of the workforce, female and male workers' employment conditions and gender wage inequality. The research strategy of »between-methods triangulation« is chosen, denoting the combination of quantitative and qualitative types of data generation and analysis.
Two underlying mechanisms have been identified. A »cost effect« associated with transnational corporations' (TNCs') greater orientation towards the world market is the preferential recruitment of, on average, lower paid female workers. In light of global competitive cost considerations, this appears as a rational strategy for TNCs. Conversely, foreign firms' advanced technological endowments relative to domestic companies require a well-educated workforce with technical skills. In light of these perspectives, gender gaps in education and, on average, women's weaker labour market attachment disadvantage female workers' employment in TNCs. Both effects are mediated by a »reproductive constraint«. This refers to the asymmetric distribution of reproductive obligations between female and male household members, whereby female input into the domestic economy is more demanding relative to that of males.
Editorial: The »New Monetary Policy« – A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe , Gnos Claude , Truger Achim 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
The »New Monetary Policy« (NMP) is the major stabilisation policy associated with the so-called »New Consensus« (NC) view in macroeconomics. NC is the dominant view in modern mainstream economics. Its major tenets are (1) the supply-side determined equilibrium level of unemployment (e.g. NAIRU), and, related to it, (2) the acceptance of the long-run Phillips curve. Within this classical framework, the NC has first explored and then supported a role for short-run effective stabilisation policies, which have usually meant aggregate demand fine-tuning via changes in the short-run nominal interest rate controlled by the central bank. The contributions to this special issue, which contains some of the papers presented at the workshop on Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policy organized by the Research Network Alternative Macroeconomic Policies (Germany), the Post Keynesian Economic Study Group (UK), and the Association pour le Développement des Études Keynésiennes (France) on 28th and 29th October 2005 in Berlin, discuss this NC view and its NMP implications from a variety of perspectives and economic traditions.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Hein Eckhard , Truger Achim 
Published: July 2013

First paragraph
Although growth in the European Union (EU), and in particular in Germany, one of the Euro area's former »sick men«, has speeded up in 2006, the EU and particularly the Euro area continue to face major economic problems. These problems are caused by the restrictive »Maastricht economic policy regime«. To put it shortly, this regime is dominated:

– by the European Central Bank's (ECB) exclusive focus on price stability and its overly ambitious inflation target,
– by the lack of fiscal stabilisation imposed by the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), even in its revised version,
– and by the focus on structural reforms, particularly in the labour market, which – together with high unemployment – continue to undermine the wage bargainers' ability to set wages with an eye to macroeconomic stability.

Above all, the latter will exert deflationary pressure on the Euro area as a whole as soon as the next recession materialises. This in turn will not only exacerbate the economic problems within the EU but it might even endanger the political project of European integration as such.
CURING KINETICS AND PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER COAGULATED USING MICROWAVE RADIATION
Authors: Liao Lu-Sheng , Liao Jian-He , Li Yi-Min , Chen Yong-Ping , Zhao Yan-Fang , He Can-Zhong 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Microwave energy at a frequency of 2.45 GHz was used to coagulate natural rubber (NR) latex. Testing on technological properties indicates that microwave coagulation is a useful means of obtaining standard NR, meeting the requirements for technically specified rubber (TSR) 5, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicates that NR coagulated using microwave radiation (NR-m) has higher levels of nitrogeneous compounds than NR coagulated using acid (NR-a). Curing behavior was characterized using a rheometer. Research on kinetics shows that the rate constants of the three periods of NR-m vulcanization (the induction period, the fast-cross-linking period, and the end stage of curing period) are higher than those of NR-a. The fast-cross-linking period of NR-m vulcanization can be divided into two stages (I and II) with two rate constants, K2 and K3, whereas for NR-a there is only one rate constant, K2. With a change in curing temperature, the reaction orders for stages I and II vary in the range 0.8–1.0, and K2 and K3 increase linearly with the increase in temperature, giving the activation energies E2 = 89.5 kJ/mol and E3 = 115.3 kJ/mol.
ORGANIC MEMORY DEVICES WITH NATURAL RUBBER/ FULLERENE COMPOSITES
Authors: Aneesh J. , Predeep P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
The application of natural rubber (NR) as cost-effective component for an organic bistable memory device is demonstrated for the first time. An organic bistable memory device based on Cis 1–4 polyisoprene (NR) and fullerene (C60) is a trilayered structure consisting of NR/C60 composite sandwiching a C60 layer and thermally deposited aluminum electrodes on both sides (Al/NR:C60/C60/NR:C60/Al). Investigations on current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the device revealed promising device performance with a high ON/OFF current ratio and nonvolatile stability in both of its conducting states, indicating the strong potential of the NR:C60 composite as a nonvolatile memory material. Further, attempts are made to fit the current response of the device using existing charge transport models and explain the origin of memory switching in present device.
Stand dynamics, spatial pattern and site quality in Austrocedrus chilensis forests in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Burns S.L. , Goya J.F. , Arturi M.F. , Yapura P.F. , Pérez C.A. 
Published: July 2013

Aim of study: The objective of this study was to analyze the stand structure and spatial pattern of two A. chilensis stands with contrasting soil conditions and different site qualities in order to explore if these differences lead to patterns similar to the ones observed under different precipitation conditions.Area of study: The study was carried out in two stands located near the city of El Bolsón (41° 56’S - 71° 33’ W), Rio Negro, Argentina.Material and Methods: We evaluated age difference between canopy strata (upper and lower) in two stands with different site qualities by means of a Mann-Whitney test. Dead individuals by diameter class were compared by means of a chi square test. Spatial distribution pattern was analyzed using the pair-correlation function and the mark-correlation function.Main results: Both sites exhibited a random spatial distribution of A. chilensis but different processes seem to underlie the patterns. In the low-quality site facilitation and continuous establishment led to a transient clumped spatial pattern. Mortality mediated by competition occurred mainly on small trees resulting in the current random pattern. On the other hand, spatial pattern in the high-quality site does not reflect a facilitation mediated recruitment. The upper strata established synchronously and subsequent regeneration was episodic.Research highlights: The results show that the differences in site quality may lead to different establishment spatial patterns, showing the importance of facilitation processes in sites with drier soil conditions and lower quality, although results may be site specific, due to the lack of replications.Keywords: Spatial analysis; regeneration; mortality; competition; facilitation.Abbreviations used: LQ: low-quality site; HQ: high-quality site.
Exercise During Pregnancy: The Role of Obstetric Providers
Authors: May Linda E. , Suminski Richard R. , Linklater Emily R. , Jahnke Sara , Glaros Alan G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Context: Obstetric providers are logical choices for conveying information about physical activity to their pregnant patients. However, research regarding obstetric providers counseling pregnant patients about physical activity is sparse.

Objectives: To investigate the association between obstetric providers discussing exercise with their pregnant patients and patients' exercise behaviors and to explore factors related to obstetric providers discussing exercise and other health behaviors (tobacco use, alcohol use, and nutrition) with their patients.

Methods: We received completed surveys from 238 pregnant women and 31 obstetric providers at 12 obstetrician offices. The offices were located throughout the United States and were heterogeneous in regards to patient insurance coverage, number of patients treated per month, and percentage of patients with complications.

Results: Women who were “more careful about eating healthy” (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-8.0) and who discussed exercise with their obstetric provider (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3) were more likely to “maintain or increase exercise” during pregnancy than those who were not conscientious about their diets and those who did not discuss exercise with their obstetric provider, respectively. The odds of obstetric providers discussing exercise with pregnant patients increased 7-fold (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 1.4-37.3) for each health behavior the obstetric provider discussed with the patient.

Conclusion: Patient discussions with obstetric providers about exercise and patient attention to eating habits are associated with exercising during pregnancy. A more multibehavioral approach by obstetric providers may improve the likelihood that patients exercise during pregnancy.
Incorporating Simulation Technology Into a Neurology Clerkship
Authors: Ermak David Matthew , Bower Douglas W. , Wood Jody , Sinz Elizabeth H. , Kothari Milind J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Simulation-based medical education is growing in use and popularity in various settings and specialties. A literature review yields scant information about the use of simulation-based medical education in neurology, however. The specialty of neurology presents an interesting challenge to the field of simulation-based medical education because of the inability of even the most advanced mannequins to mimic a focal neurologic deficit. The authors present simulator protocols for status epilepticus and acute stroke that use a high-fidelity mannequin despite its inability to mimic a focal neurologic deficit. These protocols are used in the training of third- and fourth-year medical students during their neurology clerkship at Penn State College of Medicine. The authors also provide a review of the pertinent literature.
Duplication of the Xq27.3–q28 region, including the FMR1 gene, in an X‐linked hypogonadism, gynecomastia, intellectual disability, short stature, and obesity syndrome
Authors: Hickey Scott E. , Walters‐Sen Lauren , Mosher Theresa Mihalic , Pfau Ruthann B. , Pyatt Robert , Snyder Pamela J. , Sotos Juan F. , Prior Thomas W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 1979 a “new” syndrome characterized by X‐linked inheritance, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, intellectual disability, obesity, and short stature was described. The now‐36‐year‐old propositus was recently referred to the genetics clinic for profound intellectual disability. Fragile X testing initially demonstrated a duplication of the FMR1 region, and upon further testing we identified an Xq27.3–q28 8.05 Mb‐long duplication responsible for a syndrome. Our report describes the molecular and clinical aspects of the X‐linked syndrome. Our results suggest that male patients with intellectual disability, hypogonadism, short stature, and gynecomastia should be further investigated for rearrangements in the Xq27.3–q28 region. In the future, when more cases of the duplication are identified, it may become possible to more accurately determine the specific genes affected by overexpression and responsible for the phenotype. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Narrative medicine: A call to pens
Authors: Nowaczyk Małgorzata J.M. , Carey John C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn call for papers on the topic of narrative medicine as it pertains to the practice of clinical genetics, this article briefly reviews the tenets of narrative medicine and the ethical issues associated with publishing patients' and doctors' stories. It is an invitation to the readership of the American Journal of Medical Genetics to share its stories of caring for and living with genetic conditions in our new column called Frameshifts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Receptor CD74 Mediates Alphavirus‐Induced Arthritis and Myositis in Murine Models of Alphavirus Infection
Authors: Herrero Lara J. , Sheng Kuo‐Ching , Jian Peng , Taylor Adam , Her Zhisheng , Herring Belinda L. , Chow Angela , Leo Yee‐Sin , Hickey Michael J. , Morand Eric F. , Ng Lisa F. P. , Bucala Richard , Mahalingam Suresh 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveArthrogenic alphaviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) circulate worldwide. This virus class causes debilitating illnesses that are characterized by arthritis, arthralgia, and myalgia. In previous studies, we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a critical inflammatory factor in the pathogenesis of alphaviral diseases. The present study was undertaken to characterize the role of CD74, a cell surface receptor of MIF, in both RRV‐ and CHIKV‐induced alphavirus arthritides.MethodsMouse models of RRV and CHIKV infection were used to investigate the immunopathogenesis of arthritic alphavirus infection. The role of CD74 was assessed using histologic analysis, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and plaque assay.ResultsIn comparison to wild‐type mice, CD74−/− mice developed only mild clinical features and had low levels of tissue damage. Leukocyte infiltration, characterized predominantly by inflammatory monocytes and natural killer cells, was substantially reduced in the infected tissue of CD74−/− mice, but production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was not decreased. CD74 deficiency was associated with increased monocyte apoptosis, but had no effect on monocyte migratory capacity. Consistent with these findings, alphaviral infection resulted in a dose‐dependent up‐regulation of CD74 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and serum MIF levels were significantly elevated in patients with RRV or CHIKV infection.ConclusionCD74 appears to regulate immune responses to alphaviral infection through its effects on cellular recruitment and survival. These findings suggest that both MIF and CD74 play a critical role in mediating alphaviral disease, and blocking these factors with novel therapeutic agents could substantially ameliorate the pathologic manifestations.
Methotrexate Normalizes Up‐Regulated Folate Pathway Genes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Blits Marjolein , Jansen Gerrit , Assaraf Yehuda G. , van de Wiel Mark A. , Lems Willem F. , Nurmohamed Mike T. , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan , Voskuyl Alexandre E. , Wolbink Gert‐Jan , Vosslamber Saskia , Verweij Cornelis L. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveThe folate antagonist methotrexate (MTX) is an anchor drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its mechanism of action with regard to the impact on folate metabolism remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular pharmacologic impact of MTX on peripheral blood cells, by comparing MTX‐treated RA patients to MTX‐naive RA patients and healthy controls.MethodsGene expression microarray data were used to investigate the expression of 17 folate pathway genes by peripheral blood cells from a cohort of 25 RA patients treated with MTX, 10 MTX‐naive RA patients starting treatment with MTX, and 15 healthy controls (test cohort). Multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to validate the results in an independent cohort, consisting of 151 RA patients treated with MTX, 28 MTX‐naive RA patients starting treatment with MTX, and 24 healthy controls (validation cohort).ResultsMultiple folate metabolism–related genes were consistently and significantly altered between the 3 groups in both cohorts. Concurrent with evidence of an immune‐activation gene signature in MTX‐naive RA patients, significant up‐regulation of the folate‐metabolizing enzymes γ‐glutamyl hydrolase and dihydrofolate reductase, as well as the MTX/folate efflux transporters ABCC2 and ABCC5, was observed in the MTX‐naive RA group compared to healthy controls. Strikingly, MTX treatment of RA patients normalized these differential gene expression levels to the levels observed in healthy controls.ConclusionThese results suggest that under inflammatory conditions, basal folate metabolism in the peripheral blood cells of RA patients is markedly up‐regulated, and treatment with MTX restores folate metabolism to normal levels. Identification of this novel gene signature provides insight into the mechanism of action of MTX, thus paving the way for development of novel folate metabolism–targeted therapies.