bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dorsal Plate Positioning on Dorsiflexion Angle in Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Lewis Jesse T. , Hanselman Andrew E. , Lalli Trapper A. J. , Daigre Justin L. , Santrock Robert D. 
Published: May 2014

Background: The relationship between dorsal plate positioning and final dorsiflexion angle after first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint fusion has not been well established. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes in dorsal plate positioning along the longitudinal axis affect fusion dorsiflexion angle, as excessive dorsiflexion angles can lead to poor clinical results. Methods: Ten cadaver foot specimens were randomly assigned to 2 groups for first MTP joint fusion: 1 group used a straight plate, and the other group used a 10-degree precontoured plate. After routine preparation, the plates were placed in an “ideal” position based on clinical and radiological examination. The plates were then moved proximally 3 mm and 6 mm from the initial site, with repeat imaging completed at each position. The radiological dorsiflexion angle was determined for each position, and the results were assessed. Results: Placement of both straight and precontoured plates at positions more proximal from the initial position led to significant increases in dorsiflexion angles ( P = .04), although the percentage change was larger in the precontoured plate group ( P = .01). While placement of the plate 3 mm proximal from the perceived “ideal” position did increase the dorsiflexion angle, the percentage of specimens with dorsiflexion angles in the suggested optimal range changed minimally. Positioning at 6 mm from the starting point, however, led to significantly increased dorsiflexion angles for both plates ( P = .004). Conclusion: Positioning the dorsal plate at more proximal locations leads to increasing dorsiflexion angles. Precontoured plates are more likely to lead to excessive dorsiflexion compared with straight plates regardless of plate position. Clinical Relevance: Fusion at excessive dorsiflexion angles can be minimized with appropriate selection and proper positioning of the dorsal fusion plate along the longitudinal axis.
Outcomes in Neurosurgical Patients Who Develop Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Cote Lauren P. , Greenberg Steven , Caprini Joseph A. , Stone James , Arcelus Juan I. , López-Jiménez Luciano , Rosa Vladimir , Schellong Sebastian , Monreal Manuel 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) database was used to investigate whether neurosurgical patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) were more likely to die of bleeding or VTE and the influence of anticoagulation on these outcomes. Methods: Clinical characteristics, treatment details, and 3-month outcomes were assessed in those who developed VTE after neurosurgery. Results: Of 40 663 patients enrolled, 392 (0.96%) had VTE in less than 60 days after neurosurgery. Most patients in the cohort (89%) received initial therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin, (33% received subtherapeutic doses). In the first week, 10 (2.6%) patients died (8 with pulmonary embolism [PE], no bleeding deaths; P = .005). After the first week, 20 (5.1%) patients died (2 with fatal bleeding, none from PE). Overall, this cohort was more likely to develop a fatal PE than a fatal bleed (8 vs 2 deaths, P = .058). Conclusions: Neurosurgical patients developing VTE were more likely to die from PE than from bleeding in the first week, despite anticoagulation.
Assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events and ischemic stroke with coronary computed tomography angiography based upon angiographic diagnosis in a high-volume single center
Authors: Lin Charles K , McDonough Ryan J , Prentice Ryan L , Thomas Dustin M , Steel Kevin E , Rubal Bernard J , Shry Eric A , Villines Todd C , Hulten Edward A , Slim Ahmad M 
Published: May 2014

Background: Patient prognosis has been shown to directly correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Although the presence of coronary artery calcium has been associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke, there are no data on the incidence of ischemic stroke based upon the severity of coronary artery disease by CCTA. Therefore, we sought to investigate the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke, based upon the severity of coronary artery disease by CCTA over a 6-year period in a high-volume single military center. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all CCTA studies to evaluate the incidence of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and late revascularization (>90 days following CCTA) from January 2005 until July 2012. We reviewed 1518 CCTA reports, dividing patients into groups with obstructive (≥50% stenosis), non-obstructive (<50% stenosis), and no coronary artery disease (no angiographic disease). Subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events data (incidence of all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and late revascularization) were obtained. Results: Over a review period of 6 years with a resultant median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range = 13–34 months), the major adverse cardiovascular events rate was significantly higher with obstructive coronary artery disease compared to both non-obstructive coronary artery disease and no coronary artery disease (8.9% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001; 8.9% vs 1.6%, p < 0.001). The incidence of ischemic stroke alone was also significantly higher in those with obstructive coronary artery disease compared to those with no coronary artery disease (3.8% vs 0.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Being free of disease on CCTA was associated with excellent cardiovascular prognosis. Obstructive coronary artery disease was associated with a significantly increased incidence of ischemic stroke. There was also a direct correlation between the severity of coronary artery disease on CCTA and cardiovascular prognosis over the follow-up period of 24 months.
The Students versus Larry Flynt: Bringing Popular Culture into the Law School
Authors: Sheikh Danish 
Published: May 2014

This article is anchored in two narratives: first, that of law and popular culture scholarship and second, of the Indian law school. Starting with law and popular culture as a ‘ite’ of legal scholarship: this has often been the cast-off step child when it comes to the Indian law school. Two reasons for this—one, the subject itself, the difficulty that many academic circles have with taking it ‘seriously’, of keeping it on par with other more conventional areas of legal study and second, the law school’s resistance to change. As for the Indian law school: Two decades from the establishment of the first national law school, there are rising doubts on the success of this experiment and whatever impact it may have had on the legal education system in India as a whole. A closer look at these institutions show that the veneer of adequate infrastructure cloaks an increasingly decaying framework. Whether it be the myopic aim (‘increasing the quality of the bar’), which itself has clearly failed, or issues of curriculum, methodology and evaluation techniques, the law school in India has fallen into an epistemic trap it is struggling to get out of. It is at this juncture that I believe a focus on law and popular culture scholarship and pedagogic techniques at the Indian law school may well be one way out. Ranging from the need for making our legal curricula multidisciplinary, creative and flexible, to understanding how the very idea of focusing on the study of this area will counter the Indian law school’s troubling ‘resistance to change’, I make a case for inculcating the study of law and popular culture at multiple levels within the law school framework. I back this up with instances of just how pop culture can be successfully utilized to make for a more interesting learning experience for everyone concerned. My own experiences as visiting faculty on media law at two institutions have been invaluable in grounding this article in experiential reality.
Generalized α-ψ-contractive type mappings of integral type and related fixed point theorems
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Shahi Priya , Tas Kenan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce two classes of generalized α-ψ-contractive type mappings of integral type and to analyze the existence of fixed points for these mappings in complete metric spaces. Our results are improved versions of a multitude of relevant fixed point theorems of the existing literature.

MSC:54H25, 47H10, 54E50.
The models of bilevel programming with lower level second-order cone programs
Authors: Chi Xiaoni , Wan Zhongping , Hao Zijun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRobust optimization is an effective method for dealing with the optimization problems under uncertainty. When there is uncertainty in the lower level optimization problem of a bilevel programming, it can be formulated by a robust optimization method as a bilevel programming problem with lower level second-order cone program (SOCBLP). In this paper, we present the mathematical models of the SOCBLP, and we give some basic concepts, such as constraint region, inducible region, and optimal solution. It is illustrated that the SOCBLP is generally a nonconvex and nondifferentiable optimization problem, whose feasible set may be not connected in some cases and the constraint region is generally not polyhedral. Finally under suitable conditions we propose the optimality conditions for several models of the SOCBLP in the optimistic case.MSC:90C30.
Outcomes following large joint arthroplasty: does socio-economic status matter?
Authors: Dowsey Michelle M , Nikpour Mandana , Choong Peter FM 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to determine whether socio-economic status (SES) is an independent predictor of outcome following total knee (TKR) and hip (THR) replacement in Australians.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we included patients undergoing TKR and THR in a public hospital in whom baseline and 12-month follow-up data were available. SES was determined using the Australian Bureau of Statistics ‘Index of Relative Advantage and Disadvantage’. Other independent variables included patients’ demographics, comorbidities and procedure-related variables. Outcome measures were the International Knee Society Score and Harris Hip Score pain and function subscales, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical and mental component scores.ResultsAmong 1,016 patients undergoing TKR and 835 patients undergoing THR, in multiple regression analysis, SES score was not independently associated with pain and functional outcomes. Female sex, older age, being a non-English speaker, higher body mass index and presence of comorbidities were associated with greater post-operative pain and poorer functional outcomes following arthroplasty. Better baseline function, physical and mental health, and lower baseline level of pain were associated with better outcomes at 12 months. In univariate analysis, for TKR, the improvement in SF-12 mental health score post arthroplasty was greater in patients of lower SES (3.8 ± 12.9 versus 1.5 ± 12.2, p = 0.008), with a statistically significant inverse association between SES score and post-operative SF-12 mental health score in linear regression analysis (coefficient−0.28, 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.04, p = 0.02).ConclusionsWhen adjustments are made for other covariates, SES is not an independent predictor of pain and functional outcome following large joint arthroplasty in Australian patients. However, relative to baseline, patients in lower socioeconomic groups are likely to have greater mental health benefits with TKR than more privileged patients. Large joint arthroplasty should be made accessible to patients of all SES.
Oscillation and nonoscillation for second order neutral dynamic equations with positive and negative coefficients on time scales
Authors: Deng Xun-Huan , Wang Qi-Ru , Agarwal Ravi P 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We investigate oscillation and nonoscillation of certain second order neutral dynamic equations with positive and negative coefficients. We apply the results from the theory of lower and upper solutions for related dynamic equations along with some additional estimates on positive solutions and use different techniques to obtain some oscillatory theorems. Also, we apply Kranoselskii’s fixed point theorem to obtain nonoscillatory results and then give two sufficient and necessary conditions for the equations to be oscillatory. Some interesting examples are given to illustrate the versatility of our results.
Some properties of Wright-type generalized hypergeometric function via fractional calculus
Authors: Rao Snehal B , Prajapati Jyotindra C , Patel Amitkumar D , Shukla Ajay K 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the study of a Wright-type hypergeometric function (Virchenko, Kalla and Al-Zamel in Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 12(1):89-100, 2001) by using a Riemann-Liouville type fractional integral, a differential operator and Lebesgue measurable real or complex-valued functions. The results obtained are useful in the theory of special functions where the Wright function occurs naturally.

MSC: 33C20, 33E20, 26A33, 26A99.
Normality of meromorphic functions and differential polynomials share values
Authors: Yuan Wenjun , Lai Jinchun , Huang Zifeng , Liu Zhi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the normality of meromorphic functions which involves differential polynomial sharing values. We obtain two results: Let k be a positive integer, b (≠0) be a complex number, and

h
(
z
)

be a polynomial with degree at least 2, and

H
(
f
,

f
′

,
…
,

f

(
k
)

)

be a differential polynomial with

Γ
γ

|
H

<
k
+
1

. Let ℱ be a family of meromorphic functions defined in D, all of whose zeros have multiplicity at least

k
+
1

. If

h
(
z
)
−
1

has at least two distinct zeros,

h
(

f

(
k
)

)
+
H
(
f
,

f
′

,
…
,

f

(
k
)

)
−
1

has at most one distinct zero in D for each

f
∈
F

, then ℱ is normal in D. If

h
(
z
)
−
b

has at least two distinct zeros and for each pair of functions f and g in ℱ,

h
(

f

(
k
)

)
+
H
(
f
,

f
′

,
…
,

f

(
k
)

)

and

h
(

g

(
k
)

)
+
H
(
g
,

g
′

,
…
,

g

(
k
)

)

share b in D, then ℱ is normal in D, too. Two examples show that a condition in our results is necessary and our results improve Fang and Hong’s, and Zeng’s corresponding results.

MSC:30D35, 34A05.
Sex difference in age and performance in elite Swiss freestyle swimmers competing from 50 m to 1,500 m
Authors: Rüst Christoph Alexander , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recent studies reported different ages for peak freestyle swimming performances for 50 m and 1,500 m. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the age of peak freestyle swimming speed for distances including 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, and 1,500 m and to (ii) analyze the sex difference in peak freestyle swimming speed for all distances between 50 m and 1,500 m for elite female and male swimmers competing at national level. Data from the ‘Swiss Swimming Federation’ between 2006 and 2010 from 10,405 men and 9,552 women were analyzed using regression analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVA). Women achieved peak freestyle swimming speed at ~20–21 years from 50 m to 400 m, at ~24–25 years in 1,500 m and at ~25–27 years in 800 m. In men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22–23 years and ~25–27 years for 50 m to 1,500 m. Between the age of 10 and 29 years, the sex difference in freestyle swimming speed increased from 2.2 ± 0.4% to 19.0 ± 6.7% in 50 m (r

2
= 0.87, P < 0.001), from 2.4 ± 0.7% to 10.8 ± 2.8% in 100 m (r

2
= 0.67, P = 0.004) and from 3.6 ± 1.9% to 10.2 ± 3.4% in 200 m (r

2
= 0.60, P = 0.008). In 400 m (r

2
= 0.24), 800 m (r

2
= 0.39) and 1,500 m (r

2
= 0.34), the sex difference showed no changes (P > 0.05) with 6.9 ± 3.0%, 5.8 ± 3.5%, and 9.7 ± 8.6%, respectively. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed showed no change with increasing race distance (r

2
= 0.12, P > 0.05). To summarize, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed increased for women with the length of the race distance from 50 m to 200 m, but not from 400 m to 1,500 m. For men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22–23 years and ~25–27 years from 50 m to 1,500 m. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed of 9.1 ± 2.5% showed no change with increasing race distance. Future studies need to confirm these findings in elite swimmers competing at international level such as the World Championships and the Olympic Games.
Breast cancer brain metastases: evidence for neuronal-like adaptation in a ‘breast-to-brain’ transition?
Authors: Van Swearingen Amanda ED , Siegel Marni B , Anders Carey K 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBrain metastases remain a significant challenge in the treatment of breast cancer patients due to the unique environment posed by the central nervous system. A better understanding of the biology of breast cancer cells that have metastasized to the brain is required to develop improved therapies. A recent Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences article demonstrates that breast cancer cells in the brain microenvironment express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-related genes, enabling them to utilize GABA as an oncometabolite, thus gaining a proliferative advantage. In this viewpoint, we highlight these findings and their potential impact on the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases.
Early fluid loading in acute respiratory distress syndrome with septic shock deteriorates lung aeration without impairing arterial oxygenation: a lung ultrasound observational study
Authors: Caltabeloti Fabiola Prior , Monsel Antoine , Arbelot Charlotte , Brisson Hélène , Lu Qin , Gu Wen-Jie , Zhou Guang-Ju , C Auler José O , Rouby Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The study was designed to assess the impact of fluid loading on lung aeration, oxygenation and hemodynamics in patients with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods
During a 1-year period, a prospective observational study was performed in 32 patients with septic shock and ARDS. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using Swan Ganz (n = 29) or PiCCO catheters (n = 3). Lung aeration and regional pulmonary blood flows were measured using bedside transthoracic ultrasound. Measurements were performed before (T0), at the end of volume expansion (T1) and 40 minutes later (T2), consisting of 1-L of saline over 30 minutes during the first 48 h following onset of septic shock and ARDS.

Results
Lung ultrasound score increased by 23% at T2, from 13 at baseline to 16 (P < 0.001). Cardiac index and cardiac filling pressures increased significantly at T1 (P < 0.001) and returned to control values at T2. The increase in lung ultrasound score was statistically correlated with fluid loading-induced increase in cardiac index and was not associated with increase in pulmonary shunt or regional pulmonary blood flow. At T1, PaO2/FiO2 significantly increased (P < 0.005) from 144 (123 to 198) to 165 (128 to 226) and returned to control values at T2, whereas lung ultrasound score continued to increase.

Conclusions
Early fluid loading transitorily improves hemodynamics and oxygenation and worsens lung aeration. Aeration changes can be detected at the bedside by transthoracic lung ultrasound, which may serve as a safeguard against excessive fluid loading.
Role of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Agents in the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Pain
Authors: Cheville Andrea L. , Basford Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To provide an overview of rehabilitation medicine– and physical modality–based approaches to cancer pain management, and to highlight the fact that these approaches are generally used in conjunction and that a majority are focused on minimizing pain during periods of mobility and the performance of activities of daily living. Methods We performed a nonsystematic literature review and provide a description of the current standard of care. Results Rehabilitative and physical modalities used to manage pain can be grouped into four categories: those that modulate nociception, stabilize or unload painful structures, influence physiological processes that indirectly influence nociception, or alleviate pain arising from the overloading of muscles and connective tissues that often occurs after surgery or with sarcopenia in late-stage cancer. Most modalities have been pragmatically refined over the years, and many have an evidence base, although few have been explicitly validated in the oncologic setting. With few exceptions, they are patient controlled and free of adverse effects. Conclusion Physical modalities and rehabilitation medicine offer a range of pain management approaches that may serve as beneficial adjuncts to the conventional systemic and interventional analgesic strategies used to control cancer-related pain. These approaches may be particularly beneficial to patients with movement-associated pain and those who are ambivalent regarding pharmacoanalgesia.
Cosolvent-Free Sol–Gel Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Silica Glasses Containing LaF3 and (La,Er)F3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Suzuki Kotomi , Kajihara Koichi , Kanamura Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Monolithic transparent silica glasses containing LaF3 nanocrystals were prepared by a cosolvent-free sol–gel method based on the pyrolysis of lanthanum trifluoroacetate. The two-step mixing of alkoxide and water, consisting of partial hydrolysis under acidic conditions and subsequent neutralization to catalyze the polycondensation of hydrophobic silica oligomers, makes it possible to shorten the processing time while eliminating the need for cosolvents. The size of the LaF3 nanocrystals decreases with an increase in the volume fraction of LaF3. This suppresses Rayleigh scattering and improves transparency at LaF3-rich compositions. Green and red upconversion photoluminescence (PL) bands, mainly caused by energy-transfer upconversion (ETU), are observed in Er-doped samples under excitation at 980 nm. The PL intensity drastically increases with an increase in the volume fraction of the LaF3 phase as a result of improved crystallinity of LaF3. The quantum yields recorded for the green and red upconversion PL bands were ca. 0.08% and ca. 0.04%, respectively.