bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective expression of CSPG receptors PTPσ and LAR in poorly regenerating reticulospinal neurons of lamprey
Authors: Zhang Guixin , Hu Jianli , Li Shuxin , Huang Lisa , Selzer Michael E. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDisability following spinal cord injury is due to failure of axon regeneration, which has been ascribed to environmental factors in the central nervous system and a developmental loss of intrinsic growth capacity in neurons. Recently, the receptor‐like protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) and leukocyte common antigen‐related phosphatase (LAR), have been identified as specific receptors for the regeneration‐inhibiting matrix molecules chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). After spinal cord transection in lampreys, axons of the large, identified reticulospinal neurons have heterogeneous regenerative abilities. The bad‐regenerating neurons also undergo a delayed form of axotomy‐induced apoptosis. In the present study, a lamprey genomic database was used to identify homologs of CSPGs, clone PTPσ and LAR, and examine their mRNA expression. CSPG immunoreactivity was increased significantly near the lesion at 2 weeks post transection, and decreased thereafter. Both receptors were expressed selectively in the bad‐regenerating neurons and had overlapping cellular distributions. PTPσ was upregulated with age (LAR was not evaluated). By 2 weeks post transection, neurons expressing PTPσ also showed caspase activation, suggesting apoptosis. The probability of axon regeneration for individual identified neurons was negatively correlated with the expression level of PTPσ in both control and spinal cord–transected lampreys. In an animal 7 weeks post transection, regenerated axons were labeled retrogradely from beyond the transection. PTPσ expression and caspase labeling was seen only in neurons whose axon had not regenerated. These results are consistent with a possible role for PTPσ (and LAR) in both retrograde neuronal death and the poor intrinsic regenerative ability of bad‐regenerating neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2209–2229, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychophysical models of consumer expectations and colour harmony in the context of juice packaging
Authors: Wei Shuo-Ting , Ou Li‐Chen , Ronnier Luo M. , Hutchings John 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop psychophysical models that predict the influence of pack colours on consumers' psychological responses of fruit juices, such as visually perceived expectations of freshness, quality, liking, and colour harmony. Two existing colour harmony models derived from experiments involving only uniform colour plaques were tested using the juice packaging experimental data. Both models failed to predict the visual results obtained. Nevertheless, two parameters relevant to chromatic difference and hue difference were somewhat associated with the visual results. This suggested that, among all colour harmony principles for uniform colours, only the equal‐hue and the equal‐chroma principles can be adopted to describe colour harmony of packaging used for juice. This has the implication that the principles of colour harmony may vary according to the context in which the colours are used. A new colour harmony model was developed for juice packaging, and a predictive model of freshness was derived. Both models adopted CIELAB colour attributes of the package colour and the fruit image colour to predict viewers' responses. Expected liking and juice quality can be predicted using the colour harmony model while expected freshness can be predicted using the predictive model of freshness. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 157–168, 2015
Chiral Isotropic Sponge Phase of Hexatic Smectic Layers of Achiral Molecules
Authors: Chen Dong , Shen Yongqiang , Aguero Jose , Korblova Eva , Walba David M. , Kapernaum Nadia , Giesselmann Frank , Watanabe Junji , Maclennan Joseph E. , Glaser Matthew A. , Clark Noel A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSmectic layers of tilted, bent‐core liquid crystals have a tendency to exhibit spontaneous saddle‐splay curvature, a mechanical response that relieves the internal strain of the layers. When this tendency is strong enough, the smectic layers form complex, equilibrium, non‐planar structures such as the helical nanofilaments in the B4 phase and the disordered focal conics in the chiral dark conglomerate (DC) phase. The DC phase is usually observed on cooling directly from the isotropic phase, with the disordered focal conics analogous to the disordered sponge phase found in lyotropic systems. We report a DC phase observed below a B2 phase that is stable down to room temperature. In mixtures with the calamitic liquid crystal 8CB, the low‐temperature DC phase forms a more ordered, bicontinuous structure, resembling the cubic phase observed in the lyotropic systems, which is attributed to the enhanced intralayer ordering of the bent‐core molecules in the mixtures.
A novel emergency management platform for smart public safety
Authors: Bartoli G. , Fantacci R. , Gei F. , Marabissi D. , Micciullo L. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper proposes an efficient architecture of a smart public safety platform that involves public professional operators as well as citizens. The proposed system is compliant with the emerging paradigm of a smart city. Its main features are that of monitoring, forecasting and managing emergency situations, arising from environmental disasters or crimes. The proposed platform performs a smart and functional integration of heterogeneous components as a smart data gathering and analysis system, a novel professional communication system, wireless sensor networks and social networks. Each element acts not only as an information collector but has autonomous capabilities to cooperate with the others in order to increase the system efficiency and to reduce the need of human interactions. Finally, the paper highlights some open research issues that represent critical aspects and require additional investigations in order to further improve the performance of the proposed platform. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of capacity and coverage region for Rayleigh fading MIMO relay channel
Authors: Alizadeh Alireza , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn this paper, we consider Rayleigh fading MIMO relay channel with channel state information at the receivers. First, we extend the previously obtained results for the ergodic capacity of uncorrelated and semi‐correlated MIMO channels and derive closed‐form expressions for the capacity bounds of MIMO relay channel. Next, we study this channel from a new point of view, maximizing coverage region for a desired transmission rate, and investigate the optimal relay location in the sense of maximizing coverage region. However, in order to overcome the mathematical complexity in desired transmission rate analysis, because of the randomness of the multiple antenna channel matrices, we evaluate this rate by using an existing exact formula and also by an approximation we find in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. Numerical results show a perfect match between the Monte Carlo simulations and the obtained analytical closed‐form expressions and also confirm the effectiveness of our approach in cooperative vehicular communication for determining optimal relay location at which the coverage region is maximum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benefits of caloric restriction for cardiometabolic health, including type 2 diabetes mellitus risk
Authors: Soare Andreea , Weiss Edward P. , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn the United States, life expectancy has markedly increased during the past century, and population ageing is expected to double within the next 25 years. The process of ageing in a population is associated with the development of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, that can be prevented, and even reversed, with the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions. The evidence to date, consolidated by the numerous epidemiological studies and clinical trials conducted, suggests that caloric restriction is an effective nutritional intervention for preventing most of these age‐related conditions. At a metabolic level, caloric restriction with adequate nutrition has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce fasting glucose and insulin concentration and prevent obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and chronic inflammation. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge of the metabolic and clinical implications of caloric restriction with adequate nutrition for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
M2 muscarinic receptor activation regulates schwann cell differentiation and myelin organization
Authors: Uggenti Carolina , De Stefano M. Egle , Costantino Michele , Loreti Simona , Pisano Annalinda , Avallone Bice , Talora Claudio , Magnaghi Valerio , Tata Ada Maria 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGlial cells express acetylcholine receptors. In particular, rat Schwann cells express different muscarinic receptor subtypes, the most abundant of which is the M2 subtype. M2 receptor activation causes a reversible arrest of the cell cycle. This negative effect on Schwann cell proliferation suggests that these cells may possibly progress into a differentiating program. In this study we analyzed the in vitro modulation, by the M2 agonist arecaidine, of transcription factors and specific signaling pathways involved in Schwann cell differentiation. The arecaidine‐induced M2 receptor activation significantly upregulates transcription factors involved in the promyelinating phase (e.g., Sox10 and Krox20) and downregulates proteins involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state (e.g., c‐jun, Notch‐1, and Jagged‐1). Furthermore, arecaidine stimulation significantly increases the expression of myelin proteins, which is accompanied by evident changes in cell morphology, as indicated by electron microscopy analysis, and by substantial cellular re‐distribution of actin and cell adhesion molecules. Moreover, ultrastructural and morphometric analyses on sciatic nerves of M2/M4 knockout mice show numerous degenerating axons and clear alterations in myelin organization compared with wild‐type mice. Therefore, our data demonstrate that acetylcholine mediates axon‐glia cross talk, favoring Schwann cell progression into a differentiated myelinating phenotype and contributing to compact myelin organization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 676–691, 2014
[PMo12O40]3–‐Induced Perhydroxycucurbit[5]uril‐Based Porous Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Han Bao‐Xia , Wang Chuan‐Zeng , Zhao Yi , Chen Kai , Xiao Xin , Zhu Qian‐Jiang , Xue Sai‐Feng , Zhang Yun‐Qian , Tao Zhu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe prepared two new types of (HO)10Q[5]‐based supramolecular assemblies by using the [PMo12O40]3– anion as a structure inducer. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that these two types of (HO)10Q[5]/[PMo12O40]3– hydrides were constructed from (HO)10Q[5]/[PMo12O40]3–‐based 2D networks in which [PMo12O40]3– plays a key rule in attracting (HO)10Q[5] molecules through (1) classical hydrogen bonding of the functionalized hydroxy groups on the back of the (HO)10Q[5] molecules, (2) unusual hydrogen bonding of the methylene groups on the back of the (HO)10Q[5] molecules, and (3) interaction between electron‐deficient carbon sites of the carbonyl groups of the (HO)10Q[5] molecules with electron‐rich oxygen sites of the Mo–O groups from the [PMo12O40]3– anions. An additional electrostatic interaction could exist in K+‐coordinated (HO)10Q[5] complexes.
Chiral Optical Properties of Phenyloxazoline Derivatives that Appear Only in the Solid State
Authors: Hirayama Masato , Kobayashi Yuhei , Tanaka Yuki , Sato Tomohiro , Harada Takunori , Tajima Nobuo , Kuroda Reiko , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnlike in the solution state, the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of the chiral oxazoline compound 4‐(4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)benzonitrile, having one oxazoline unit, was observed in the solid state. On the other hand, although the CPL of the chiral oxazoline compound 1,4‐bis(4‐isopropyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)benzene, having two oxazoline units, was not observed, its circular dichroism (CD) property changed significantly according to the state (i.e., solution or solid state).
1,3‐Dinitro Alkanes: An Emerging Class of Bidentate Compounds
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Gabrielli Serena , Palmieri Alessandro 
Published: December 2013

Abstract1,3‐Dinitro alkanes are an emerging class of nitro alkanes that act as bidentate nucleophilic species suited to undergo a variety of reactions with an array of electrophiles. The goal of this microreview is to demonstrate the synthetic potential of these nitro derivatives, reporting both (i) recent procedures for the convenient synthesis (symmetric and asymmetric) of 1,3‐dinitro alkanes, and (ii) recent uses of these compounds as strategic starting materials for the preparation of a variety of important fine chemicals.
Divergent Reactivity of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones with Bases: Selective Functionalization of ortho‐Aryl and α‐Alkyl Units Enabled by a Unique Carbanion Transmetalation
Authors: Řehová Lucie , Císařová Ivana , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe electron‐accepting sulfonyl group exhibits a strong acidifying influence on neighboring α‐H atoms. The Julia and related olefinations are based on this effect. Here a surprising reversal in the metalation selectivity of branched alkyl aryl sulfones is described. Such sulfones were found to initially undergo directed ortho‐metalation with good regioselectivity, despite having a more acidic α‐H atom. The structure of the alkyl unit profoundly, but predictably, influences the regioselectivity of the attack of the base. In β‐ and γ‐branched ortho‐(alkylsulfonyl)aryllithiums a transmetalation to the α‐carbanion proceeds only upon warming. Correspondingly generated ortho‐ or α‐carbanions were then selectively applied thus permitting access to synthetically interesting compound classes.
Nonparametric Quantile Regression‐Based Classifiers for Bankruptcy Forecasting
Authors: Lorca Pedro , Landajo Manuel , Andrés Javier De 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn improved classification device for bankruptcy forecasting is proposed. The proposed approach relies on mainstream classifiers whose inputs are obtained from a so‐called multinorm analysis, instead of traditional indicators such as the ROA ratio and other accounting ratios. A battery of industry norms (computed by using nonparametric quantile regressions) is obtained, and the deviations of each firm from this multinorm system are used as inputs for the classifiers. The approach is applied to predict bankruptcy on a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. Results indicate that our proposal may significantly enhance predictive accuracy, both in linear and nonlinear classifiers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance of naturally and lactic acid bacteria‐fermented pastes of soybeans and soybean–maize blends
Authors: Ng'ong'ola‐Manani Tinna A. , Mwangwela Agnes M. , Schüller Reidar B. , Østlie Hilde M. , Wicklund Trude 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFermented pastes of soybeans and soybean–maize blends were evaluated to determine sensory properties driving consumer liking. Pastes composed of 100% soybeans, 90% soybeans and 10% maize, and 75% soybeans and 25% maize were naturally fermented (NFP), and lactic acid bacteria fermented (LFP). Lactic acid bacteria fermentation was achieved through backslopping using a fermented cereal gruel, thobwa. Ten trained panelists evaluated intensities of 34 descriptors, of which 27 were significantly different (P < 0.05). The LFP were strong in brown color, sourness, umami, roasted soybean‐ and maize‐associated aromas, and sogginess while NFP had high intensities of yellow color, pH, raw soybean, and rancid odors, fried egg, and fermented aromas and softness. Although there was consumer (n = 150) heterogeneity in preference, external preference mapping showed that most consumers preferred NFP. Drivers of liking of NFP samples were softness, pH, fermented aroma, sweetness, fried egg aroma, fried egg‐like appearance, raw soybean, and rancid odors. Optimization of the desirable properties of the pastes would increase utilization and acceptance of fermented soybeans.
Shifting Paradigms on the Role of Connexin43 in the Skeletal Response to Mechanical Load
Authors: Lloyd Shane A , Loiselle Alayna E , Zhang Yue , Donahue Henry J 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Gap junctions (GJs) are membrane-spanning channels that allow for the movement of small molecules across cell membranes. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the predominant GJ protein in bone. In vitro studies suggest that gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) sensitizes bone cells to mechanical signals. Additionally, mechanical signals detected by osteocytes are communicated to osteoblasts via GJIC, and osteocytic Cx43 hemichannels release anabolic factors, such as PGE2 and ATP, in response to mechanical load. These findings and others have led to near consensus among researchers in the field that GJIC, hemichannels or connexins facilitate the anabolic response of bone to mechanical load and, in their absence, bone would be less sensitive to load. However, recent in vivo evidence suggests the opposite is true. Studies from our laboratory and others demonstrate that Cx43-deficient mice have an increased anabolic response to mechanical load and are protected against the catabolic effects of mechanical unloading. These developments suggest a paradigm shift in our understanding of connexins, GJIC, and mechanotransduction in bone. That is, inhibiting bone cell Cx43 expression or GJIC has a beneficial effect on bone's response to its mechanical environment, preserving bone during unloading and enhancing its formation during loading. Here, we review literature in support of this hypothesis and suggest a mechanism by which Cx43, through interaction with WNT/β-catenin signaling, moderates both arms of bone remodeling. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Simultaneous MRI of lung structure and perfusion in a single breathhold
Authors: Bell Laura C. , Johnson Kevin M. , Fain Sean B. , Wentland Andrew , Drees Randi , Johnson Rebecca A. , Bauman Grzegorz , Francois Christopher J. , Nagle Scott K. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo develop and demonstrate a breathheld 3D radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) acquisition to visualize co‐registered lung perfusion and vascular structure.Materials and MethodsNine healthy dogs were scanned twice at 3 Tesla (T). Contrast‐enhanced pulmonary perfusion scans were acquired with a temporally interleaved three‐dimensional (3D) radial UTE (TE = 0.08 ms) sequence in a breathhold (1 s time frames over a 33 s breathhold). The 3D breathheld volume was reconstructed into time‐resolved perfusion datasets, and a composite vascular structure dataset. For structural comparison, a 5 min respiratory‐gated 3D radial UTE scan was acquired. Data were analyzed by quantitative metrics and radiologist scoring.ResultsAppropriate time‐course of contrast was seen in all subjects. Right ventricle to aorta transit times were 7.4 ± 2.0 s. Relative lung enhancement was a factor of 8.4 ± 1.5. Radiologist scoring showed similarly excellent visualization of the pulmonary arteries to the subsegmental level in breathheld (94% of cases) and respiratory‐gated (100% of cases) acquisitions (P = 0.33) despite the aggressive under sampling in the breathheld scan. Similarly, differentiation of lung tissue and airways was achieved by both acquisition methods.ConclusionA time‐resolved 3D radial UTE sequence for simultaneous imaging of pulmonary perfusion and co‐registered vascular structure is feasible. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:52–59. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissipative plasmon‐solitons in multilayer graphene
Authors: Smirnova Daria A. , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Smirnov Alexander I. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNonlinear properties of a multi‐layer stack of graphene sheets are studied. It is predicted that such a structure may support dissipative plasmon‐solitons generated and supported by an external laser radiation. Novel nonlinear equations describing spatial dynamics of the nonlinear plasmons driven by a plane wave in the Otto configuration are derived and the existence of single and multi‐hump dissipative solitons in the graphene structure is predicted.
The Role of Imagination and Brand Personification in Brand Relationships
Authors: Huang Hazel H. , Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBrand relationships have traditionally been theorized as simulating interpersonal relationships, which are reflected in self‐identity or self‐expansion theory. However, such a perspective often ignores or overlooks conceptual differences between true interpersonal relationships and parasocial brand relationships. Considering the characteristics of parasocial relationships, the present study explored the role of imagination and brand personification in the formation of brand relationships. A total of 468 subjects evaluated their favorite brands in a 2 (high vs. low product involvement) × 2 (utilitarian vs. symbolic products) factorial design. The results provided an alternative explanation of brand relationship formation: Imagination may play a greater role in brand relationships than traditionally conceived in self‐expansion theory, and brand personification may moderate the effect of self‐expansion theory. The implication of the research is that encouragement of consumers’ imaginative ability is one route to strengthening consumer–brand relationships.
A Name You Can Trust? Personification Effects Are Influenced by Beliefs About Company Values
Authors: Eskine Kendall J. , Locander William H. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAre consumers more likely to trust a product when it is branded with a human name rather than a nonhuman name? While the extant literature on brand personification reveals a positivity bias for personified products, other research suggests that many contemporary consumers harbor underlying feelings of mistrust toward companies more generally. The present research was the first empirical research to date to investigate the moderating role of consumers’ beliefs toward company values on brand trust judgments for human‐named and nonhuman‐named products. The results showed that although consumers significantly trusted nonhuman‐named products over human‐ named products (Studies 1a and 1b), this pattern only occurred for those who generally mistrusted companies (Study 2). These novel findings significantly shed light on the dynamics of brand personification by emphasizing the crucial role of individual differences in consumer judgment.
She Was Fine When She Left Here: Polysemy, Patriarchy, and Personification in Brand Titanic's Birthplace
Authors: Brown Stephen 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPersonification, according to MacKay, is the prototypical metaphor we live by. It is also inescapably gendered. This paper examines the gendering of one of the biggest brands on earth: the Titanic. In the century since the steamship's sinking, “she” has been enshrined in many female stereotypes from virtuous virgin to malevolent man‐eater. Although many might regard these representations as regressive and reprehensible, it is arguable that Titanic's polysemous pulchritude is what makes “her” an outstanding brand. For the inhabitants of the icon's “birthplace” at least.