bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal association as a prerequisite factor of valsartan‐induced lithium toxicity
Authors: Lazarczyk Maciej Jakub , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesLithium is often the mood stabilizer of choice for the treatment of type I bipolar disorder. However, side effects as well as the narrow therapeutic dosing range often complicate its use. Lithium toxicity can be fatal and its serum level needs to be closely monitored, especially at the time of introduction and titration, or whenever combined with potentially interacting drugs, such as inhibitors of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I) or angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) blockers. ACE‐I and AT1 blockers can increase serum lithium levels, leading to acute lithium toxicity upon their introduction or titration.MethodsHere, we report a case of lithium toxicity during concomitant treatment with valsartan, an AT1 blocker, in a patient who previously displayed a stable serum lithium level. The patient was observed for a few weeks and the serum lithium concentration was measured regularly.ResultsIn contrast to previous reports, the toxicity in our patient occurred not upon introduction or titration of lithium or valsartan but after subtle modifications in daily dosing schedule for lithium. Just before the onset of toxicity, lithium had been split into two doses, whereby half of the lithium daily dose was administrated concomitantly with valsartan. We presumed that this combination had led to simultaneous concentration peaks of valsartan and lithium, promoting lithium retention within a sharp time window.ConclusionsOur observation points to the need for caution not only during the introduction and titration of ACE‐I/AT1 blockers in lithium‐treated patients, but also whenever the temporal pattern of drug administration is modified.
Serum interferon‐gamma‐inducible protein‐10 concentrations and IL28B genotype associated with responses to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin with and without telaprevir for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Matsuura Kentaro , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Iijima Sayuki , Murakami Shuko , Fujiwara Kei , Orito Etsuro , Iio Etsuko , Endo Mio , Kusakabe Atsunori , Shinkai Noboru , Miyaki Tomokatsu , Nojiri Shunsuke , Joh Takashi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: December 2013

AimSeveral studies have shown that high pretreatment concentrations of serum interferon‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) are correlated with non‐response to pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, there are few reports on their effect on the Asian population.MethodsWe enrolled 104 Japanese genotype 1 CHC individuals treated with PEG‐IFN/RBV and 45 with PEG‐IFN/RBV/telaprevir, and evaluated the impact of pretreatment serum IP‐10 concentrations on their virological responses.ResultsThe pretreatment serum IP‐10 concentrations were not correlated with IL28B genotype. The receiver–operator curve analysis determined the cut‐off value of IP‐10 for predicting a sustained virological response (SVR) as 300 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, the IL28B favorable genotype and IP‐10 concentration of less than 300 pg/mL were independent factors for predicting SVR. In a subgroup of patients with the IL28B favorable genotype, the SVR rate was higher in the patients with IP‐10 of less than 300 than in those with 300 pg/mL or more, whereas no patient with the IL28B unfavorable genotype and IP‐10 of 300 pg/mL or more achieved SVR. Among the patients treated with PEG‐IFN/RBV/telaprevir, low pretreatment concentrations of serum IP‐10 were associated with a very rapid virological response, defined as undetectable HCV RNA at week 2 after the start of therapy.ConclusionPretreatment serum IP‐10 concentrations are associated with treatment efficacy in PEG‐IFN/RBV and with early viral kinetics of hepatitis C virus in PEG‐IFN/RBV/telaprevir therapy.
Morphotropic Phase Boundary in Solution‐Derived (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 Thin Films: Part II Functional Properties and Phase Stability
Authors: Perez‐Rivero Armando , Ricote Jesus , Bretos Inigo , Calzada M. L. , de la Cruz Javier Pérez , Fernandes Jose R.A. , Jiménez Ricardo 
Published: December 2013

The analysis of the functional properties (ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric) of chemical solution deposited thin films of the lead‐free (Bi0.5Na0.5)1−xBaxTiO3 (BNBT) solid solution prepared from solution precursors with and without Na+ and Bi3+ excesses has been performed in this work. At room temperature a nonergodic relaxor ferroelectric state has been found. The switched polarization of the films is not stable at room temperature, poor remnant polarization, associated with an enhancement of the induced domains randomization produced by the films constraints. The depolarization temperature for the switched polarization allowed us to build up a tentative phase diagram for these BNBT films. Both the better functional properties and the agreement of the depolarization temperature with the freezing temperature of the relaxor Volger–Fulcher behavior permit to locate the center of the morphotropic phase boundary region close to x = 0.055 in the stoichiometric films and x = 0.10 for the films with Na+ and Bi3+ excesses. Based on these results, the possible applications of these films are discussed.
A qualitative systematic review exploring lay understanding of cancer by adults without a cancer diagnosis
Authors: Balmer Claire , Griffiths Frances , Dunn Janet 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo explore the lay understanding of cancer.BackgroundLay understanding of illness is shaped by social identity, personal biography and experience. It informs how ill health is defined, concerns are managed and interventions evaluated. An appreciation of lay understanding is therefore vital to enable relay of effective and appropriate health information to the public and care provision and support to patients.DesignA qualitative systematic review using Thomas and Harden's (2008) approach to thematic synthesis.Data sourcesKey social science, nursing and medical databases, cancer organization websites for grey literature and a hand search of references retrieved from particularly relevant articles and journals.Review methodsThematic synthesis of eligible papers (studies on adults without a cancer diagnosis, generated from WHO‐defined ‘high‐income’ countries and published between 1990–2011). Only those focusing on the understanding of cancer, rather than screening or cancer genetics, were included.ResultsSix analytical themes were identified from 26 papers, generated from 25 studies. Explorations of the causes of cancer and interpretation of personal risk dominated the published work. These revealed a significant complexity in lay understanding. This review has also highlighted the need for additional work, particularly in gaining an understanding of the stigma and fear that surround cancer.ConclusionThe themes identified by this review have the potential to inform the development of appropriate health promotion strategies and clinical services for those living with cancer and lead to a better understanding of problematic areas, such as late presentation, which continues to impede efforts to improve cancer survival.
INTERJURISDICTIONAL TAX COMPETITION IN CHINA
Authors: Liu Yongzheng , Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the extent and possible channels of tax competition among provincial governments in China. Using a panel of provincial‐level data for 1993–2007, we find strong evidence of strategic tax interaction among provincial governments. Tax policy is approximated by average effective tax rates on foreign investment, taking into account the tax incentives available to foreign investors. In line with the predictions of the theoretical tax competition literature, we also highlight the impact of each province's characteristics (including its size and level of industrialization) on the strategic interaction with its neighbors. Finally, the paper explicitly identifies the establishment of development zones as an important conduit for tax competition among provinces.
VALUING THE “GREEN” AMENITIES IN A SPATIAL CONTEXT
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Dong Guanpeng 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDespite extensive public infrastructure spending, little is known about the benefits of access to “green amenities” like parks within cities. This paper uses spatial econometric methods to estimate the value of proximity to parks using land markets in a Chinese megacity. Our research design captures mechanisms of spatial interaction effects and highlights the importance of avoiding the biases inherent in the traditional valuation approach. Our results suggest that land adjacent to parks is significantly valued by land developers and that these valuations are not distributed evenly over space. Our evidence provides support for considering locations in explaining the amenity value differentials that are grounded in the social, economic, and local contextual forces at stake.
Risk factors for mortality among human immunodeficiency virus‐exposed and unexposed infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Botswana
Authors: Zash Rebecca M , Ajose‐Popoola Olubunmi , Stordal Ketil , Souda Sajini , Ogwu Anthony , Dryden‐Peterson Scott , Powis Kathleen , Lockman Shahin , Makhema Joe , Essex Max , Shapiro Roger L 
Published: December 2013

AimNewborns admitted to neonatal units (NNUs) in resource‐limited settings face a high risk of mortality, but the epidemiology of these deaths is poorly understood. We describe risk factors for NNU mortality in an area with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of infants admitted to the NNU at a public referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. The primary outcome was neonatal death, defined as death within 28 days of a live delivery. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate risk factors for mortality.ResultsFrom October 2008 to April 2009, 449 neonates were admitted to the NNU. Cumulative mortality was 24.5% (110/449). Factors associated with increased risk of death included lack of enteral feeding (hazard ratio (HR) 18.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.3, 34.2), gestational age <28 weeks (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1, 3.8) and Apgar score <7 at 10 min (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.2). Among 348 (78%) infants who were fed, there was no difference in mortality between infants who were breastfed compared with those who were formula fed or had mixed feeding (P = 0.76). There was no significant mortality difference by HIV exposure status; 35 (28%) of 128 HIV‐exposed infants died compared with 55 (21%) of 272 HIV‐unexposed infants (P = 0.19).ConclusionsThis study identified low Apgar scores, extreme prematurity and lack of enteral feeding as the most important risk factors for mortality in this NNU setting. HIV exposure and formula feeding were not significantly associated with death in neonates who were very ill.
Measles in a South African paediatric intensive care unit: Again!
Authors: Coetzee Saskia , Morrow Brenda M , Argent Andrew C 
Published: December 2013

AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of children with measles‐related disease (MRD) admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and the effect on PICU resources and elective surgery of a recent measles epidemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted to the PICU of Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, with MRD from January to December 2010. Patient admission characteristics, duration of PICU admission and mortality were recorded. Costs were calculated using bed days utilised and estimated daily PICU admission cost.ResultsA total of 1274 children were admitted over the study period, 58 (4.6%) with MRD (median (interquartile range) age 7 (5–9) months). Pneumonia was the most common reason for admission (81%) and the main cause of mortality. Non‐MRD mortality was 8.8% compared with MRD mortality of 31% (P < 0.0001). Standardised mortality for non‐MRD was 0.7 versus 1.7 in MRD (P = 0.002). HIV comorbidity and being underweight for age were associated with increased mortality. Patients with MRD occupied 379 bed days with a median (interquartile range) duration of stay of 5.5 (3.0–9.0) days at an estimated overall cost of R4 813 300 (approximately $543 900). During the study period, 67 children booked for elective surgery, and 87 other referrals were refused PICU admission.ConclusionsMRD was associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and substantial strain on scarce PICU resources.
Ecological and evolutionary implications of spatial heterogeneity during the off‐season for a wild plant pathogen
Authors: Tack Ayco J. M. , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWhile recent studies have elucidated many of the factors driving parasite dynamics during the growing season, the ecological and evolutionary dynamics during the off‐season (i.e. the period between growing seasons) remain largely unexplored.We combined large‐scale surveys and detailed experiments to investigate the overwintering success of the specialist plant pathogenPodosphaera plantaginison its patchily distributed host plantPlantago lanceolatain the Åland Islands.Twelve years of epidemiological data establish the off‐season as a crucial stage in pathogen metapopulation dynamics, withc. 40% of the populations going extinct during the off‐season. At the end of the growing season, we observed environmentally mediated variation in the production of resting structures, with major consequences for spring infection at spatial scales ranging from single individuals to populations within a metapopulation. Reciprocal transplant experiments further demonstrated that pathogen population of origin and overwintering site jointly shaped infection intensity in spring, with a weak signal of parasite adaptation to the local off‐season environment.We conclude that environmentally mediated changes in the distribution and evolution of parasites during the off‐season are crucial for our understanding of host–parasite dynamics, with applied implications for combating parasites and diseases in agriculture, wildlife and human disease systems.
Three‐dimensional cephalometric analysis in orthodontics: a systematic review
Authors: Pittayapat P. , Limchaichana‐Bolstad N. , Willems G. , Jacobs R. 
Published: December 2013

Structured AbstractContextThe scientific evidence of 3D cephalometry in orthodontics has not been well established.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence for the diagnostic efficacy of 3D cephalometry in orthdontics, focusing on measurement accuracy and reproducibility of landmark identification.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library (from beginning to March 13, 2012) were searched. Search terms included: cone‐beam computed tomography; tomography, spiral computed; imaging, three‐dimensional; orthodontics.Study SelectionTwo reviewers read the retrieved articles and selected relevant publications based on pre‐established inclusion criteria. The selected publications had to elucidate the hierarchical model of the efficacy of diagnostic imaging systems by Fryback and Thornbury.Data ExtractionThe data was then extracted according to two protocols, which were based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into 3 groups: low, moderate and high evidence.Data Synthesis571 publications were found by database search strategies and 50 additional studies by hand search. A total of 35 publications were included in this review.ConclusionsLimited evidence for the diagnostic efficacy of 3D cephalometry was found. Only 6 studies met the criteria for a moderate level of evidence. Accordingly, this systematic review reveals that there is still need for methodologically standardized studies on 3D cephalometric analysis.
System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN)
Authors: Weaver R. Glenn , Beets Michael W. , Webster Collin , Huberty Jennifer 
Published: December 2013

Background:Frontline-staff are critical to achieving policies related to child physical activity and nutrition (PAaN) in out-of-school-time programs (OSTP). Recent policies call upon staff to demonstrate behaviors related to PAaN. Currently, no instrument exists to measure these behaviors. This study fills the gap between policy mandates and staff behaviors by describing the development of the System for Observing Staff Promotion of Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) in OSTP.Methods:SOSPAN items were aligned with existing OSTP policies. Reliability and validity data of SOSPAN were collected across 8 OSTP: 4 summer day camps and 4 afterschool programs. Validity of SOSPAN staff behaviors/management of PA was established using the percent of children active measured concurrently via direct observation.Results:A total of 6437 scans were performed. Interrater percent agreement ranged from 74%–99% across PAaN behaviors. Children’s activity was associated with staff facilitative behaviors/management, such as playing with the children and providing 2 or more activities for children to choose, while prohibitive behaviors/management, such as waiting in line were related to increased sedentary behavior. Staff nutrition behaviors were observed in less than 0.6% of scans.Conclusion:SOSPAN is a reliable and valid tool to assess staff behaviors/management of PAaN in OSTPs.
The genomic landscape of Waldenström macroglobulinemia is characterized by highly recurring MYD88 and WHIM-like CXCR4 mutations, and small somatic deletions associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Hunter Zachary R. , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Zhou Yangsheng , Liu Xia , Cao Yang , Manning Robert J. , Tripsas Christina , Patterson Christopher J. , Sheehy Patricia , Treon Steven P. 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
Highly recurring mutations are present in WM, including MYD88 L265P, warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infection, and myelokathexis-syndrome–like mutations in CXCR4, and ARID1A. Small, previously undetected CNAs affecting B-cell regulatory genes are highly prevalent in WM.
Soliciting stakeholders’ views on the organization of child and adolescent mental health services: a system in trouble
Authors: Vandenbroeck Philippe , Dechenne Rachel , Becher Kim , Eyssen Maria , Van den Heede Koen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite a high prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents Belgium, like many other Western countries, does not have a clear strategy for the organization of child and adolescent mental healthcare services (CAMHS).

Methods
This paper describes stakeholders’ views on the organization of CAMHS based on a qualitative study. Ten in-depth interviews with high profile stakeholders were complemented by roundtable discussions (n = 30).

Results
This diagnostic analysis illustrated that the system is in serious trouble characterized by fragmentation and compartmentalization.

Conclusion
The findings create a sense of urgency that should be used to initiate a system reform of the Belgian CAMHS system.
Characterization of FeCr and FeCoCr alloy coatings of carbon steels for marine environment applications
Authors: Antunes Fernando José , de Sá Brito Vinícius Ribeiro dos Santos , Bastos Ivan Napoleão , Costa Hector Reynaldo Meneses 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the adhesive strength results of FeCr and FeCoCr deposits produced by electric arc thermal spray process on carbon steel plates. Five chemical compositions were tested to give a large panel of possibility. Coatings were characterized by several methods to result in a performance screening. The main assessment of microstructural morphology was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical strength of coatings was evaluated by standard pull-off test. The corrosion resistance was analyzed in salt-spray test. The morphology of coatings exhibits characteristics of lamellar microstructures with incompletely melted particles together with a distribution of similarly oriented oxides. The adhesive strength of FeCoCr alloy coatings was higher amongst all studied conditions. All sealed conditions presented low corrosion in salt-spray exposure. Additionally, a new FeCoCr alloy was studied to reduce pores and microcracks that are frequently found in traditional FeCr and FeCrNi alloys. Based on the performed characterizations, the findings suggested that the FeCoCr deposition, with an epoxy sealing, is suitable to be used as an efficient coating of carbon steel in aggressive marine environments.
Continuous positive airway pressure and ventilation are more effective with a nasal mask than a full face mask in unconscious subjects: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oto Jun , Li Qian , Kimball William R , Wang Jingping , Sabouri Abdolnabi S , Harrell Priscilla G , Kacmarek Robert M , Jiang Yandong 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a major problem in unconscious subjects, making full face mask ventilation difficult. The mechanism of UAO in unconscious subjects shares many similarities with that of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially the hypotonic upper airway seen during rapid eye movement sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via nasal mask is more effective at maintaining airway patency than a full face mask in patients with OSA. We hypothesized that CPAP via nasal mask and ventilation (nCPAP) would be more effective than full face mask CPAP and ventilation (FmCPAP) for unconscious subjects, and we tested our hypothesis during induction of general anesthesia for elective surgery.

Methods
In total, 73 adult subjects requiring general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups: nCPAP P0, nCPAP P5, FmCPAP P0, and FmCPAP P5, where P0 and P5 represent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 0 and 5 cm H2O applied prior to induction. After apnea, ventilation was initiated with pressure control ventilation at a peak inspiratory pressure over PEEP (PIP/PEEP) of 20/0, then 20/5, and finally 20/10 cm H2O, each applied for 1 min. At each pressure setting, expired tidal volume (Vte) was calculated by using a plethysmograph device.

Results
The rate of effective tidal volume (Vte > estimated anatomical dead space) was higher (87.9% vs. 21.9%; P<0.01) and the median Vte was larger (6.9 vs. 0 mL/kg; P<0.01) with nCPAP than with FmCPAP. Application of CPAP prior to induction of general anesthesia did not affect Vte in either approach (nCPAP pre- vs. post-; 7.9 vs. 5.8 mL/kg, P = 0.07) (FmCPAP pre- vs. post-; 0 vs. 0 mL/kg, P = 0.11).

Conclusions
nCPAP produced more effective tidal volume than FmCPAP in unconscious subjects.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01524614.