bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing scour potential of unlined rock spillways with the Block Scour Spectrum / Beurteilung der Kolkbildung in nicht ausgekleideten Hochwasserentlastungen in Fels mittels des Block Scour Spectrums
Authors: Kieffer Daniel Scott , Goodman Richard E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractScour of jointed rock is an important safety issue for dams worldwide, with the cases of Kariba Dam and Ricobayo Dam illustrating the severe consequences of dam and spillway foundation erosion. Leading state‐of‐the‐practice methods for assessing rock scour, such as the Erodibility Index Method and Comprehensive Scour Model, consider the influence of rock mass jointing on scour development, but current models have yet to fully consider the three dimensional mechanics and kinematics of rock block removal.This contribution introduces the Block Scour Spectrum (BSS), a three dimensional analytic approach for determining the resistance rock blocks offer to removal when subjected to hydraulic flow or jet impingement. With the BSS, the resistance offered by different block types comprising the rock mass is determined as a function of resultant block loading direction. The results obtained can be used to optimize spillway direction or anchoring schemes. Application of the BSS is illustrated with a case study of spillway scour at the Ricobayo Dam in Zamora, Spain.Die Kolkbildung in geklüftetem Fels ist ein bedeutendes Sicherheitsproblem für Talsperren in der ganzen Welt. Die schwerwiegenden Auswirkungen der Erosion im Gründungsbereich von Talsperren und Entlastungsbauwerken können anhand der Kariba‐Talsperre und der Ricobayo‐Talsperre anschaulich betrachtet werden. Die gängigsten Methoden zur Beurteilung der Kolkbildung im Fels wie die Erodibility Index Methode und das Comprehensive Scour Model berücksichtigen zwar den Einfluss der Klüftung auf die Kolkentwicklung, jedoch nicht die dreidimensionale Mechanik und Kinematik der Felsblockablösung.In diesem Beitrag wird das Block Scour Spectrum (BSS) vorgestellt, ein dreidimensionaler analytischer Ansatz zur Bestimmung des Widerstands von Felsblöcken gegenüber einer Beanspruchung durch einen hydraulischen Abfluss oder das Auftreffen eines Wasserstrahls. Mit dem BSS kann der Widerstand unterschiedlicher Blocktypen eines Felsverbandes und als eine Funktion der resultierenden Belastungsrichtung bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse können anschließend genutzt werden, um beispielsweise die Ausrichtung der Entlastungsrinne oder Verankerungsmaßnahmen zu optimieren. Die Anwendung des BSS wird am Beispiel der Ricobayo‐Talsperre in Zamora, Spanien, veranschaulicht, deren Entlastungsrinne durch Kolkbildung massiv beschädigt wurde.
Findings from disc cutting tests on alpine lithologies / Erkenntnisse aus Diskenschneidversuchen an alpinen Lithologien
Authors: Entacher Martin , Lassnig Klaus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFull scale linear cutting tests with variable cutter spacing and penetration were conducted on different Alpine lithologies. The analysis focusses on different aspects: First, the investigation of excavated material regarding grain‐size distribution curves and aspect ratios. Second, the investigation of cutting forces to better understand rock breakage and the directional dependence of cutting forces in an anisotropic rock mass. A critical view of TBM performance prediction models is also presented. Results show that the percentage of coarse grain is positively correlated with increased cutter spacing, and changing penetration did not result in significant changes of grain‐size distribution. Analysis of cutting forces shows that knowledge of cutting forces enables a deeper understanding of rock breakage. Furthermore, it is shown that common performance prediction models are not able to cover certain types of rock satisfactorily.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Linearschneidversuche mit variablem Schneidspurabstand und Penetration an repräsentativen alpinen Lithologien präsentiert. Das Schwergewicht der Auswertung liegt in der Analyse des Ausbruchmaterials hinsichtlich Sieblinien und Kornform sowie in der Betrachtung der gemessenen Schneidkräfte zum besseren Verständnis des Gesteinsbruchvorgangs, der richtungsabhängigen Kräfte bei anisotropen Gesteinen sowie der kritischen Betrachtung von TBM‐Leistungsprognosemodellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Grobkornanteil bei steigendem Schneidspurabstand zunimmt. Die Änderung der Penetration zeigt keinen gravierenden Einfluss auf die Kornsummenkurve. Die Analyse der Schneidkräfte zeigt, dass die Kenntnis von Schneidkräften wertvolle Einblicke in den Gesteinsbruchmechanismus bietet. Als weiteres Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass gängige TBM‐Leistungsprognosemodelle die Schneidbarkeit bestimmter Gesteinsarten nicht adäquat vorhersagen können.
Evaluation of the tendency of clogging and separation of fines on shield drives / Bewertung der Neigung zur Verklebungsbildung und zur Feinkornfreisetzung bei Schildvortrieben
Authors: Hollmann Fritz , Thewes Markus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractShield drives in fine‐grained clay soils are often associated with clogging. The tendency of soils to clog depends on numerous parameters. The separation of fines out of the cohesive soil structure also often leads to negative effects. Whether a certain clay soil can become critical depends not only on the soil properties but also the hydrogeological and operating conditions. According to the quantity of water available (groundwater, support fluid), the soil can be altered to a critical consistency range. An evaluation diagram, which takes into account possible changes of water content during the tunnel drive, can be used to evaluate soils under changing conditions (change of available water quantity).Schildvortriebe in feinkörnigen, tonhaltigen Böden sind häufig mit Verklebungen verbunden. Die Verklebungsneigung von Lockergesteinen hängt von einer Vielzahl an Parametern ab. Auch das Auflösen von Feinkorn aus dem kohäsiven Bodengefüge führt vielfach zu negativen Auswirkungen. Ob ein bestimmtes tonhaltiges Lockergestein kritisch werden kann, hängt neben den Bodeneigenschaften auch von den hydrogeologischen und baubetrieblichen Randbedingungen ab. Je nach Angebot an freiem Wasser (Bergwasser, Stützflüssigkeit) können die Böden in kritische Konsistenzbereiche überführt werden. Mit einem Bewertungs‐Diagramm, das mögliche Wassergehaltsänderungen während des Vortriebs berücksichtigt, können Böden auch unter wechselnden Randbedingungen (unterschiedliches Wasserangebot) beurteilt werden.
Safety on the construction sites of the Koralm Tunnel / Sicherheit auf den Baustellen am Koralmtunnel
Authors: Lauffer‐Neumann Dagmar , Fehleisen Susanne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSafety in tunnels – during construction and in operation – is a subject that has been brought to attention again and again in recent years – influenced by incidents, media and authorities. Through the example of the major Koralm Tunnel project, it is explained how the requirements, but also the understanding and the implementation of safety on the construction site have changed and developed over the years of project development. Various project phases are described like EIA, design handed in for approval, tendering and construction. The client was, for example, required to produce a detailed safety concept as part of the preparation of tenders and prepare for its implementation during the construction phase. Client and design team thus intrude into areas, which were formerly left to or transferred to the contractor. In the implementation, it turned out that the delineation of responsibility between contractor and client becomes ever more complex and blurred due to this “preliminary work” by the client. The challenge for the future is to increasingly create awareness of the responsibility of the individual in the implementation of the concept and clarification of open questions. This is described through details from the contract Koralm Tunnel 2 (KAT2).Sicherheit im Tunnel – in der Bau‐ wie in der Betriebsphase – ist ein Thema, das in den letzten Jahren immer mehr in den Fokus der Menschen gerückt ist – beeinflusst durch Ereignisse, Medien und Behörden. Anhand des Großprojekts Koralmtunnel soll gezeigt werden, wie sich über die Jahre der Projektabwicklung die Anforderungen, aber auch das Verständnis und die Umsetzung der Sicherheit auf der Baustelle geändert und entwickelt haben. Dabei werden die verschiedenen Projektphasen wie UVE, Einreichplanung, Ausschreibung und Ausführung beleuchtet. Der Bauherr war hier u. a. gefordert, in der Ausschreibungsplanung ein detailliertes Sicherheitskonzept zu entwerfen und dessen Umsetzung in der Ausführungsphase vorzubereiten. Bauherr und Planungsteam drangen damit in Bereiche ein, die bisher weitgehend den ausführenden Firmen überlassen bzw. übertragen wurden. In der Umsetzung zeigt sich, dass die Abgrenzung der Verantwortung zwischen Auftragnehmer und Auftraggeber durch diese “Vorarbeit” des Arbeitgebers immer komplexer und unschärfer wird. Die Herausforderung für die Zukunft besteht darin, verstärkt das Bewusstsein für die Verantwortung des Einzelnen bei der Umsetzung des Konzepts und Klärung offener Detailfragen zu schaffen. Beispielhaft wird dies am Baulos Koralmtunnel 2 (KAT2) dargestellt.
Impact of a Pharmacist‐Led Warfarin Self‐Management Program on Quality of Life and Anticoagulation Control: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Verret Lucie , Couturier Justine , Rozon Andréanne , Saudrais‐Janecek Sarah , St‐Onge Amélie , Nguyen Angela , Basmadjian Arsène , Tremblay Simon , Brouillette Denis , de Denus Simon 
Published: October 2012

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a pharmacist‐led warfarin patient self‐management program on quality of life and anticoagulation control compared with management in a physician‐led specialized anticoagulation clinic.DesignProspective, randomized, controlled, open‐label trial.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.PatientsA total of 114 patients aged 18–75 years who were followed at a specialized anticoagulation clinic, had received warfarin for at least 6 months, and were expected to continue warfarin for a minimum of 4 months.InterventionAll patients attended an educational session on anticoagulation provided by a pharmacist. Patients randomized to the self‐management group (58 patients) also received practical training to use the CoaguChek XS device and a self‐management dosing algorithm. Patients in the control group (56 patients) continued to undergo standard management at the anticoagulation clinic.Measurements and Main ResultsPatients completed a validated quality‐of‐life questionnaire and the validated Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge test at the beginning and end of the study. The quality of anticoagulation control was evaluated by using the time spent in therapeutic range. After 4 months of follow‐up, a significant improvement in the self‐management group was observed compared with the control group in four of the five quality‐of‐life topics (p<0.05). Improvements in knowledge were observed in both groups after the training session and persisted after 4 months (p<0.05 for all). The time spent in the therapeutic range (80.0% in the self‐management group vs 75% in the control group, p=0.79) and in the extended therapeutic range ([target international normalized ratio ± 0.3] 93.2% in the self‐management group vs 91.1% in the control group, p=0.30) were similar between groups.ConclusionA self‐management warfarin program led by pharmacists resulted in significant improvement in the quality of life of patients receiving warfarin therapy as well as a reduction in the time required for anticoagulation monitoring, while maintaining a level of anticoagulation control similar to a high‐quality specialized anticoagulation clinic.
Distribution characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances and cells of aerobic granules cultivated in a continuous‐flow airlift reactor
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Dong Shuangshi , Gao Linlin , Liu Mengyuan , Niu Shu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Most studies on the cultivation of aerobic granules to date have been based on the sequencing batch reactor (SBR). A continuous flow airlift fluidized bed reactor (CAFB) was set up, and the operating conditions which promoted granulation in the SBR were not controlled. The distribution characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cells of the aerobic granules were studied under these operating conditions.RESULTS: Cells, polysaccharide and protein were all distributed uniformly throughout the granules, confirmed by both confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations. However, for the granules in the SBR, the core of the granules was usually composed of protein and dead cells, and living cells survived only in their outer layers. Such a distribution of granules in the CAFB was confirmed to be related to the advanced oxygen transfer ability and strong shear force in the CAFB. Even microbial cells in the center were supplied with sufficient food to maintain bioactivity. Thus, the CAFB performed COD removal very efficiently.CONCLUSION: Cells and EPS in the aerobic granules of a CAFB were more uniformly distributed compared with those in granules of the reported SBR reactors, owing to the particular operating conditions of the CAFB. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of quality of life with the multiple system atrophy health‐related quality of life scale
Authors: Meissner Wassilios G. , Foubert‐Samier Alexandra , Dupouy Sandrine , Gerdelat‐Mas Angélique , Debs Rachel , Marquant Fabienne , De Cock Valérie Cochen , Rascol Olivier , Tison François , Pavy‐Le Traon Anne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:Multiple system atrophy (MSA) has considerable effect on health‐related quality of life (Hr‐QoL). The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate Hr‐QoL by using the MSA health‐related Quality of Life (MSA‐QoL) scale.Methods:Evaluation of 100 patients at baseline and after a mean follow‐up of 11.5 months was performed. Assessment was made of potential associations with established markers of disease progression. Calculation was performed of sample‐size estimates for various effect sizes.Results:MSA‐QoL scale scores were less responsive to change than Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores. Responsiveness was largely improved and reasonable sample‐size estimates were obtained when limiting the analysis to items with significant change over time.Conclusions:The UMSARS remains the “gold standard” for disease‐modifying/neuroprotection trials. An MSA‐QoL Change Scale, based on the most responsive items, may become a valuable tool. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Psychogenic facial movement disorders: Clinical features and associated conditions
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Valadas Anabela , Bhatia Kailash P. , Prashanth L.K. , Lang Anthony E. , Munhoz Renato P. , Morgante Francesca , Tarsy Daniel , Duker Andrew P. , Girlanda Paolo , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe facial phenotype of psychogenic movement disorders has not been fully characterized. Seven tertiary‐referral movement disorders centers using a standardized data collection on a computerized database performed a retrospective chart review of psychogenic movement disorders involving the face. Patients with organic forms of facial dystonia or any medical or neurological disorder known to affect facial muscles were excluded. Sixty‐one patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for psychogenic facial movement disorders (91.8% females; age: 37.0 ± 11.3 years). Phasic or tonic muscular spasms resembling dystonia were documented in all patients most commonly involving the lips (60.7%), followed by eyelids (50.8%), perinasal region (16.4%), and forehead (9.8%). The most common pattern consisted of tonic, sustained, lateral, and/or downward protrusion of one side of the lower lip with ipsilateral jaw deviation (84.3%). Ipsi‐ or contralateral blepharospasm and excessive platysma contraction occurred in isolation or combined with fixed lip dystonia (60.7%). Spasms were reported as painful in 24.6% of cases. Symptom onset was abrupt in most cases (80.3%), with at least 1 precipitating psychological stress or trauma identified in 57.4%. Associated body regions involved included upper limbs (29.5%), neck (16.4%), lower limbs (16.4%), and trunk (4.9%). There were fluctuations in severity and spontaneous exacerbations and remissions (60%). Prevalent comorbidities included depression (38.0%) and tension headache (26.4%). Fixed jaw and/or lip deviation is a characteristic pattern of psychogenic facial movement disorders, occurring in isolation or in combination with other psychogenic movement disorders or other psychogenic features. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Robust microarray production of freshly expressed proteins in a human milieu
Authors: Festa Fernanda , Rollins Sean M. , Vattem Krishna , Hathaway Margarita , Lorenz Phillip , Mendoza Eliseo A. , Yu Xiaobo , Qiu Ji , Kilmer Greg , Jensen Penny , Webb Brian , Ryan Ed T. , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: October 2012

PurposeIn vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) systems are widely used in proteomics. For clinical applications, mammalian systems are preferred for protein folding and activity; however, the level of protein obtained is low. A new system extracted from human cells (1‐Step Human Coupled IVT (HCIVT)) has the potential to overcome this problem and deliver high yields of protein expressed in a human milieu.Experimental designWestern blots and self‐assembled protein microarrays were used to test the efficiency of protein synthesis by HCIVT compared to rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL). The arrays were also used to measure the immune response obtained from serum of patients exposed to pathogens or vaccine.ResultsHCIVT performed better than RRL in all experiments. The yield of protein synthesized in HCIVT is more than ten times higher than RRL, in both Western blot and protein microarrays. Moreover, HCIVT showed a robust lot‐to‐lot reproducibility. In immune assays, the signals of many antigens were detected only in HCIVT‐expressed arrays, mainly due to the reduction in the background signal and the increased levels of protein on the array.Conclusion and clinical relevanceHCIVT is a robust in vitro transcription and translation system that yields high levels of protein produced in a human milieu. It can be used in applications where protein expression in a mammalian system and high yields are needed. The increased immunogenic response of HCIVT‐expressed proteins will be critical for biomarker discovery in many diseases, including cancer.
Dynamics and functional differences between dendroaspin and rhodostomin: Insights into protein scaffolds in integrin recognition
Authors: Cheng Chun‐Ho , Chen Yi‐Chun , Shiu Jia‐Hau , Chang Yao‐Tsung , Chang Yung‐Sheng , Huang Chun‐Hau , Chen Chiu‐Yueh , Chuang Woei‐Jer 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDendroaspin (Den) and rhodostomin (Rho) are snake venom proteins containing a PRGDMP motif. Although Den and Rho have different 3D structures, they are highly potent integrin inhibitors. To study their structure, function, and dynamics relationships, we expressed Den and Rho in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Den and Rho inhibited platelet aggregation with the KI values of 149.8 and 83.2 nM. Cell adhesion analysis showed that Den was 3.7 times less active than Rho when inhibiting the integrin αIIbβ3 and 2.5 times less active when inhibiting the integrin αvβ3. In contrast, Den and Rho were similarly active when inhibiting the integrin α5β1 with the IC50 values of 239.8 and 256.8 nM. NMR analysis showed that recombinant Den and Rho have different 3D conformations for their arginyl‐glycyl‐aspartic acid (RGD) motif. However, the comparison with Rho showed that the docking of Den into integrin αvβ3 resulted in a similar number of contacts. Analysis of the dynamic properties of the RGD loop in Den and Rho showed that they also had different dynamic properties. These results demonstrate that protein scaffolds affect the function, structure, and dynamics of their RGD motif.
Determination of amyloid core structure using chemical shifts
Authors: Skora Lukasz , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are the pathological hallmark of a large variety of neurodegenerative disorders. The structural characterization of amyloid fibrils, however, is challenging due to their non‐crystalline, heterogeneous, and often dynamic nature. Thus, the structure of amyloid fibrils of many proteins is still unknown. We here show that the structure calculation program CS‐Rosetta can be used to obtain insight into the core structure of amyloid fibrils. Driven by experimental solid‐state NMR chemical shifts and taking into account the polymeric nature of fibrils CS‐Rosetta allows modeling of the core of amyloid fibrils. Application to the Y145X stop mutant of the human prion protein reveals a left‐handed β‐helix
Group consensus control for double‐integrator dynamic multiagent systems with fixed communication topology
Authors: Feng Yuanzhen , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Baoyong 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe problem of group consensus is investigated in this paper, where all agents possess double‐integrator dynamics. Two different kinds of consensus protocols are proposed for networks with fixed communication topology to reach group consensus for the agents’ positions and velocities. Convergence analysis is discussed, and necessary and/or sufficient conditions are presented for multiagent systems to achieve group consensus. The first protocol leads to dynamic consensus where positions of all agents reach time‐varying consensus values. By applying the second protocol, both the agents’ positions and their velocities reach constant consensus values. That is, static consensus is achieved. Simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term Effects of Social Exclusion at Work and Worries on Sleep
Authors: Pereira Diana , Meier Laurenz L. , Elfering Achim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe present study investigated short‐term effects of daily social exclusion at work on various indicators of sleep quality and tested the mediating role of work‐related worries using a time‐based diary study with ambulatory assessments of sleep quality. Ninety full‐time employees participated in a 2‐week data collection. Multilevel analyses revealed that daily workplace social exclusion and work‐related worries were positively related to sleep fragmentation in the following night. Daily social exclusion, however, was unrelated to sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency and self‐reported sleep quality. Moreover, worries did not mediate the effect of social exclusion at work on sleep fragmentation. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.