bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary watertight connection of excavations to existing buildings and temporary waterproofing of structures by ground freezing / Temporäre wasserdichte Anbindung von Baugruben an Bestandsbauwerke und temporäres Abdichten von Bauwerken durch Baugrundvereisung
Authors: Orth Wolfgang , Müller Benno 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ground freezing technique is used not only to stabilise soil but also for sealing excavations and tunnels below groundwater level. As it can be applied in various soil types and controlled very well by temperature measurement, it can be used as a planned measure as well as to remedy leaking excavations. The paper gives an overview of the general function and special features of ground freezing for sealing purposes, and three completed examples are presented.Das Gefrierverfahren wird nicht nur zur Stützung, sondern teilweise auch allein zur Abdichtung von unterirdischen Hohlräumen unter Grundwasser angewendet. Aufgrund seiner großen Anpassungsfähigkeit an unterschiedliche Bodenarten und der guten Kontrollierbarkeit eignet es sich dabei nicht nur für den a priori geplanten Einsatz, sondern auch zur nachträglichen Sanierung undichter Baugruben. Der Bericht behandelt neben der Wirkungsweise und den allgemeinen Merkmalen des Verfahrens die Besonderheiten bei der Verwendung zu Abdichtungszwecken und stellt hierzu drei ausgeführte Fälle vor.
Novel nootropic drug sunifiram enhances hippocampal synaptic efficacy via glycine‐binding site of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor
Authors: Moriguchi Shigeki , Tanaka Tomoya , Narahashi Toshio , Fukunaga Kohji 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSunifiram is a novel pyrrolidone nootropic drug structurally related to piracetam, which was developed for neurodegenerative disorder like Alzheimer's disease. Sunifiram is known to enhance cognitive function in some behavioral experiments such as Morris water maze task. To address question whether sunifiram affects N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR)‐dependent synaptic function in the hippocampal CA1 region, we assessed the effects of sunifiram on NMDAR‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) by electrophysiology and on phosphorylation of synaptic proteins by immunoblotting analysis. In mouse hippocampal slices, sunifiram at 10–100 nM significantly enhanced LTP in a bell‐shaped dose‐response relationship which peaked at 10 nM. The enhancement of LTP by sunifiram treatment was inhibited by 7‐chloro‐kynurenic acid (7‐ClKN), an antagonist for glycine‐binding site of NMDAR, but not by ifenprodil, an inhibitor for polyamine site of NMDAR. The enhancement of LTP by sunifilam was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisozazole‐4‐propionate receptor (AMPAR) through activation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and an increase in phosphorylation of NMDAR through activation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα). Sunifiram treatments at 1–1000 nM increased the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in a dose‐dependent manner. The enhancement was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of AMPAR receptor through activation of CaMKII. Interestingly, under the basal condition, sunifiram treatments increased PKCα (Ser‐657) and Src family (Tyr‐416) activities with the same bell‐shaped dose‐response curve as that of LTP peaking at 10 nM. The increase in phosphorylation of PKCα (Ser‐657) and Src (Tyr‐416) induced by sunifiram was inhibited by 7‐ClKN treatment. The LTP enhancement by sunifiram was significantly inhibited by PP2, a Src family inhibitor. Finally, when pretreated with a high concentration of glycine (300 μM), sunifiram treatments failed to potentiate LTP in the CA1 region. Taken together, sunifiram stimulates the glycine‐binding site of NMDAR with concomitant PKCα activation through Src kinase. Enhancement of PKCα activity triggers to potentiate hippocampal LTP through CaMKII activation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyper‐stasis as opposed to hyper‐activism: the politics of health policy in the USA set against England
Authors: Paton Calum 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper considers health policy‐making in the USA with England as comparator. It contrasts policy inertia in US healthcare despite crisis with hyper‐activity in perpetual ‘reform’ in England despite absence of crisis in the NHS. It does so from the standpoint of political science and political economy.I suggest that ‘path‐dependency’, the view that past policy constrains future policy, lacks explanatory power and that wider and deeper explanations must be sought. The USA's apparent path dependency is in fact a story of political economy and power, buttressed by institutions. England's apparent lack of path‐dependency in promulgating NHS reform is in fact a story of executive hyper‐activism which is oblivious to how implementation will obviate its prescriptions.This failure of ‘reform’ in the NHS is not a symptom of concealed path‐dependency but a sign of pragmatism by those charged with implementation. In the USA, the durability of its various systems of healthcare is by contrast a sign of pragmatism not being adequate to achieve health sector reform.In the USA, a weak state is unable to manage healthcare reform which would actually benefit US capitalism as a whole. In the UK, a strong state has created and developed the NHS to the benefit of capital through the economical provision of healthcare to the workforce. Such an ‘investment state’ is a testimony to the continuing validity of the neo‐Marxist argument that social investment and social expenses are an important and functional component of the capitalist state. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responsiveness of Lebanon's primary healthcare centers to non‐communicable diseases and related healthcare needs
Authors: Yassoub Rami , Hashimi Suha , Awada Siham , El‐Jardali Fadi 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYLebanon currently faces a rise in non‐communicable diseases (NCD) that is stressing the population's health and financial well‐being. Preventive care is recognized as the optimal health equitable, cost‐effective solution. The study aims to assess the responsiveness of primary health care centers (PHCs) to NCD, and identify the needed health arrangements and responsibilities of PHCs, the Ministry Of Public Health and other healthcare system entities, for PHCs to purse a more preventive role against NCD. Single and group interviews were conducted via a semi‐structured questionnaire with 10 PHCs from Lebanon's primary health care network that have undergone recent pilot accreditation and are recognized for having quality services and facilities. This manifested administrative aspects and NCD‐related services of PHCs and generated information regarding the centers' deficiencies, strengths and areas needing improvement for fulfilling a more preventive role. Administrative features of PHCs varied according to number and type of health personnel employed. Variations and deficiencies within and among PHCs were manifested specifically at the level of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer. PHCs identified the pilot accreditation as beneficial at the administrative and clinical levels; however, various financial and non‐financial resources, in addition to establishing a strong referral system with secondary care settings and further arrangements with MOPH, are necessary for PHCs to pursue a stronger preventive role. The generated results denote needed changes within the healthcare system's governance, financing and delivery. They involve empowering PHCs and increasing their breadth of services, allocating a greater portion of national budget to health and preventive care, and equipping PHCs with personnel skilled in conducting community‐wide preventive activities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benthic control upon the morphology of transported fine sediments in a low‐gradient stream
Authors: Fox James , Ford William , Strom Kyle , Villarini Gabriele , Meehan Michelle 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe structure of fluvial sediments in streams has environmental implications to contaminant fate, nutrient budgeting and the carbon flux associated with fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). However, the influence of sediment structure is lacking in environmental predictive models. To this end, the present study links field‐based results of sediment aggregate structure to seasonal biological functions in the surface fine‐grained laminae (SFGL) of a low‐gradient stream. Fluvial sediment collection, microscopy and image analysis are used to show that aggregates collected over a 20 month time period support the concept that aggregate structure can vary seasonally in low‐gradient streams where temporarily stored sediment is prominent. Results show that the structure of the transported aggregates is more irregular in the summer with the structure being elongated about the long axes. In the winter, the aggregate structure is compacted and more spherical. Statistical analysis and results suggest that heterotrophic and autotrophic biological activity within the SFGL exhibits seasonal control upon the morphology of transported sediments. Implications of this research are highlighted through calculations of the reactive surface area of the transported suspended sediment load. The surface area of transported sediment is estimated to be 40% greater in the summer as compared to the winter time period, which implies that (i) the affinity of sediments to sorb contaminants is higher in summer months and (ii) the downstream reactivity of FPOM in large rivers, lakes and estuaries is not just a function of microbial drivers but also the seasonally dependent structure of transported FPOM derived from low‐order streams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tagging N‐Linked Glycan with 2,3‐Naphthalenediamine for Mass Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Hung Wei‐Ting , Wang Shwu‐Huey , Chen Chein‐Hung , Chen Chung‐Hsuan , Fang Jim‐Min , Yang Wen‐Bin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn expedient conversion of N‐glycans to the naphthimidazole (NAIM) derivatives is established by the iodine‐promoted oxidative condensation of N‐glycans with 2,3‐naphthalenediamine at room temperature. The NAIM derivatization not only introduces a UV/fluorescence sensitive chromophore but also increases the hydrophobicity of N‐glycans to improve the ionization efficiency in mass spectrometry (MS). Thus, the NAIM derivatives of N‐linked oligosaccharide Man9 and tetra‐antennary N‐glycan NA4 show enhanced sodiated ions in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight MS with a detection limit of 50 pmol, whereas the NAIM derivative of sialic acid‐containing tri‐antennary N‐glycan A3 is detected as the protonated ion by linear trap quadrupole Fourier transform MS. Furthermore, the N‐glycans of ovalbumin and fetuin are released and directly converted to the NAIM derivatives for facilitated HPLC and MS analyses. This is the first study of N‐glycan‐NAIM for MS measurement, which is especially valuable in glycan analysis of biological samples containing sensitive subunits.
Performance of scientific cameras with different sensor types in measuring dynamic processes in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Jung Jasmin , Weisenburger Siegfried , Albert Sahradha , Gilbert Daniel F. , Friedrich Oliver , Eulenburg Volker , Kornhuber Johannes , Groemer Teja W. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe plethora of available scientific cameras of different types challenges the biologically oriented experimenter when picking the appropriate camera for his experiment. In this study, we chose to investigate camera performances in a typical nonsingle molecule situation in life sciences, that is, quantitative measurements of fluorescence intensity changes from video data with typically skewed intensity distributions. Here, intensity profile dynamics of pH‐sensors upon triggered changes of pH‐environments in living cells served as a model system. The following camera types were tested: sCMOS, CCD (scientific and nonscientific) and EM‐CCD (back‐ and front‐illuminated). We found that although the EM‐CCD cameras achieved the best absolute spatial SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) values, the sCMOS was at least of equal performance when the spatial SNR was related to the effective dynamic range, and it was superior in terms of temporal SNR. In the measurements of triggered intensity changes, the sCMOS camera had the advantage that it used the smallest fraction of its dynamic range when depicting intensity changes, and thus featured the best SNR at full usage of its dynamic range. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:835–843, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing Knowledge in a Construction Company—A Process Model
Authors: Venkateswaran Vijaya , Aundhe Sanjiv 
Published: June 2013

This study seeks to understand knowledge management (KM) practices in a high performing Architecture Engineering Construction company. KM practices, which are information technology‐focused, have begun to surface in this sector over the last decade. This sector, being more labor‐intensive and physical, made use of traditional means of KM. It is only since the late 1990s that the Architecture Engineering Construction industry has seen concerted efforts of codifying and sharing knowledge. This case study focuses on the noninformation technology, process dimension of KM within a successful company. It identifies four factors and their attributes and a framework on how knowledge is managed on the basis of these.The methodology used in this paper is a qualitative grounded theory approach. The organizational events and the work activities are the units of analysis. Both primary and secondary data supported the identification of factors and principles, which are linked in the framework. The major factors identified in the process of managing knowledge have been The Context, the Activities, the Influencers, and the Outcomes. The factor Context consists of the following attributes: core competence enhancing intrapreneurship, systematized knowing, systematized innovating, and project‐based work. The factor Activities has attributes of problem solving in critical activities, participative guidance, and ongoing feedback. The factor Influencers has attributes of regulatory punishment, superlative norms, compulsive perfectionism, attention to detail, and enforcement zeal. The factor Outcomes comprises of the attribute creativity and innovations and improving performance. A framework has been evolved to explain the link between the four factors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Fibrous Septa in Radiofrequency Heating of Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tissues: Computational Study
Authors: Jimenez Lozano Joel N. , Vacas‐Jacques Paulino , Anderson R. Rox , Franco Walfre 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRadiofrequency (RF) energy exposure is a popular non‐invasive method for generating heat within cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. Subcutaneous fat consists of fine collagen fibrous septa meshed with clusters of adipocytes having distinct structural, electrical and thermal properties that affect the distribution and deposition of RF energy. The objectives of this work are to (i) determine the electric and thermal effects of the fibrous septa in the RF heating; (ii) investigate the RF heating of individual fat lobules enclosed by fibrous septa; and, (iii) discuss the clinical implications.Methods and ResultsWe used the finite element method to model the two‐dimensional, time‐dependent, electro‐thermal response of a three‐layer tissue (skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle). We considered two different configurations of subcutaneous fat tissue: a homogenous layer of fat only and a honeycomb‐like layer of fat with septa. Architecture of the fibrous septa was anatomically accurate, constructed from sagittal images from human micro‐MRI. For a large electrode applied to the skin surface, results show that the absorbed electric power density is greater in some septa than in the surrounding fat lobules, favoring the flux of electric current density. Fibers aligned parallel to the electric field have higher electric flux and, consequently, absorb more power. Heat transfer from the septa occurs over time during and after RF energy delivery. There is a greater temperature rise in fat with fibrous septa.ConclusionsThe presence of septa affects the local distribution of the static electric field, facilitates the flux of electric current and enhances the bulk electric power absorption of the subcutaneous fat layer. Fibrous septa aligned with the local electric field have higher absorbed power density than septa oriented perpendicular to the electric field. Individual fat lobules gain heat instantly by local power absorption and, eventually, by diffusion from the surrounding septa. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:326–338, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical Gels of Syndiotactic Polystyrene With Fragrant Molecules
Authors: Mochizuki Jun , Tokami Tomokatsu , Kusuki Sho , Sano Takumi , Itagaki Hideyuki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe morphology of syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) with several typical fragrant molecules is studied to clarify what solvent conditions can produce SPS gel, which is expected to be a material that can release fragrance for a long period of time. Eight fragrant solvent molecules are employed to dissolve SPS at high temperatures and the morphologies they show after cooling are checked. Their morphologies can be divided into three: a gel with a three‐dimensional network consisting of a fibrillar structure having the SPS δ phase, a paste‐like state consisting of a non‐lamellar spherulitic structure having the SPS γ phase, and a sherbet‐like state consisting of a lamellar structure having the SPS β phase. Finally, the necessary conditions of a solvent to be able to form an SPS gel turn out to be its molecular size being less than ≈160 Å3 and its Fedors' solubility parameter having a value whose gap from SPS is less than 1.5 (cal/cm3)1/2.magnified image
Assessing the Stabilization of P‐Glycoprotein’s Nucleotide‐Binding Domains by the Linker, Using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo J. , Ferreira Maria‐José U. , dos Santos Daniel J. V. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the importance of the intermediate linker sequence for the stabilization of the cytoplasmic portion of murine P‐glycoprotein, an ABC transporter involved in Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in cancer. Three putative protein‐protein interaction areas were predicted to exist, two of them next to the C‐terminal nucleotide‐binding domain (NBD2) and the third one next to the inner leaflet interface of the lipid bilayer. These contact spots were confirmed by detailed contact maps from structures obtained before and after a 100 ns molecular dynamics production run, allowing a more thorough characterization of the type and number of residues involved in protein‐protein contacts. It was found that these contact surfaces are located next to several highly conserved motifs of ABC transporters, serving as anchor points and assisting the linker’s ‘damper’ function.
Physics‐based protein structure refinement through multiple molecular dynamics trajectories and structure averaging
Authors: Mirjalili Vahid , Noyes Keenan , Feig Michael 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for structure refinement of Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction 10 (CASP10) targets. Refinement was achieved by selecting structures from the MD‐based ensembles followed by structural averaging. The overall performance of this method in CASP10 is described, and specific aspects are analyzed in detail to provide insight into key components. In particular, the use of different restraint types, sampling from multiple short simulations versus a single long simulation, the success of a quality assessment criterion, the application of scoring versus averaging, and the impact of a final refinement step are discussed in detail. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):196–207. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective ensemble‐mean technique for tropical cyclone track forecast by using ensemble prediction systems
Authors: Qi Liangbo , Yu Hui , Chen Peiyan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a selective ensemble‐mean technique for tropical cyclone (TC) track forecast based on the errors of ensemble prediction system (EPS) members at short lead times (SLTs, 12 h in this study). The means (SEAV) and weighted means (SEWE) of selected EPS members are applied to EPS products from the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and China Meteorological Administration for 35 TCs in the western North Pacific in 2010 and 2011. Verification results show that SEAV behaves better than SEWE, with a skill of 5% to 30% over relevant ensemble means of EPS within 72 h. The SEAV method is the most effective for the JMA EPS, with a skill of 10% even at 96 h. SEAV predictions are compared with the high‐resolution deterministic model predictions of ECMWF and several official forecasts, with special consideration given to the time delay associated with numerical model products in operation. The SEAV for the ECMWF EPS can overcome the high‐resolution ECMWF deterministic model at 24 h. Case analyses and sensitivity tests on the error thresholds of member selection and SLTs are also presented in this article.
New schemes to perturb sea‐surface temperature and soil moisture content in MOGREPS
Authors: Tennant Warren , Beare Sarah 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article investigates two schemes that perturb sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) and soil moisture content (SMC) in the Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS), to address a known deficiency of a lack of ensemble spread near the surface. Results from a two‐month‐long trial during the Northern Hemisphere summer show positive benefits from these schemes. These include a decrease in the spread deficit of surface temperature and improved probabilistic verification scores. SST perturbations exhibit a stronger impact than SMC perturbations but, when combined, the increased spread from the two schemes is cumulative. A regional ensemble system driven by the global ensemble members largely reflects the same changes seen in the global ensemble but cycling fields, like SMC, between successive regional forecasts does show some benefit.
Calcium mobilization in HeLa cells induced by nitric oxide
Authors: Huang Yimei , Zheng Liqin , Yang Hongqin , Chen Jiangxu , Wang Yuhua , Li Hui , Xie Shusen 
Published: June 2013

SummaryNitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which nitric oxide modulates cancer cell growth and metastasis on cellular and molecular level is still not fully understood. This work utilized confocal microscopy and fluorescence microplate reader to investigate the effects of exogenous NO on the mobilization of calcium, which is one of the regulators of cell migration, in HeLa cells. The results show that NO elevates calcium in concentration‐dependent manner in HeLa cells. And the elevation of calcium induced by NO is due to calcium influx and calcium release from intracellular calcium stores. Moreover, calcium release from intracellular stores is dominant. Furthermore, calcium release from mitochondria is one of the modulation pathways of NO. These findings would contribute to recognizing the significance of NO in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. SCANNING 36:258–262, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.