bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new analytical solution for assessing climate change impacts on subsurface temperature
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , MacQuarrie Kerry T. B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGroundwater temperature is an important water quality parameter that affects species distributions in subsurface and surface environments. To investigate the response of subsurface temperature to atmospheric climate change, an analytical solution is derived for a one‐dimensional, transient conduction–advection equation and verified with numerical methods using the finite element code SUTRA. The solution can be directly applied to forward model the impact of future climate change on subsurface temperature profiles or inversely applied to produce a surface temperature history from measured borehole profiles. The initial conditions are represented using superimposed linear and exponential functions, and the boundary condition is expressed as an exponential function. This solution expands on a classic solution in which the initial and boundary conditions were restricted to linear functions. The exponential functions allow more flexibility in matching climate model projections (boundary conditions) and measured temperature–depth profiles (initial conditions). For example, measured borehole temperature data from the Sendai Plain and Tokyo, Japan, were used to demonstrate the improved accuracy of the exponential function for replicating temperature–depth profiles. Also, the improved accuracy of the exponential boundary condition was demonstrated using air temperature anomaly data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. These air temperature anomalies were then used to forward model the effect of surficial thermal perturbations in subsurface environments with significant groundwater flow. The simulation results indicate that recharge can accelerate shallow subsurface warming, whereas upward groundwater discharge can enhance deeper subsurface warming. Additionally, the simulation results demonstrate that future groundwater temperatures obtained from the proposed analytical solution can deviate significantly from those produced with the classic solution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the Emotional Quality of Parent–Child Relationships Involving Young Children with Special Needs: Applying the Constructs of Emotional Availability and Expressed Emotion
Authors: Kubicek Lorraine F. , Riley Karen , Coleman Jeanine , Miller Gloria , Linder Toni 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSensitive, responsive, and dependable relationships are key to providing the support and encouragement all children need for optimal development. Unfortunately, parents and their young children with special needs often face behavioral challenges and life stressors related to the children's delays/disabilities that can interfere with the development of emotionally positive relationships. This study explores the usefulness of two standardized measures, the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Z. Biringen, J.L. Robinson, & R.N. Emde, 1998) and the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS; A.B. Magana‐Amato, 1993), for assessing the emotional quality of relationships between parents and their children aged 3 years or younger with special needs. To date, neither measure has been used extensively with this population. Each of the 38 participating dyads included a child with an identified delay/disability. Results of the EAS suggest that it is a viable measure for assessing the relationships of parents and their young children with special needs. The FMSS results, though less clear, suggest that with certain limits, it also is a viable measure for use with this population. This study can inform the debate about the need to integrate early childhood mental health practices into all child/family services and to provide appropriate training to meet the growing demand for such relationship‐based services.
Optical induction of muscle contraction at the tissue scale through intrinsic cellular amplifiers
Authors: Yoon Jonghee , Choi Myunghwan , Ku Taeyun , Choi Won Jong , Choi Chulhee 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe smooth muscle cell is the principal component responsible for involuntary control of visceral organs, including vascular tonicity, secretion, and sphincter regulation. It is known that the neurotransmitters released from nerve endings increase the intracellular Ca2+level in smooth muscle cells followed by muscle contraction. We herein report that femtosecond laser pulses focused on the diffraction‐limited volume can induce intracellular Ca2+increases in the irradiated smooth muscle cell without neurotransmitters, and locally increased intracellular Ca2+levels are amplified by calcium‐induced calcium‐releasing mechanisms through the ryanodine receptor, a Ca2+channel of the endoplasmic reticulum. The laser‐induced Ca2+increases propagate to adjacent cells through gap junctions. Thus, ultrashort‐pulsed lasers can induce smooth muscle contraction by controlling Ca2+, even with optical stimulation of the diffraction‐limited volume. This optical method, which leads to reversible and reproducible muscle contraction, can be used in research into muscle dynamics, neuromuscular disease treatment, and nanorobot control. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estradiol Production by the Bidder's Organ of the Toad Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia, Anura). Seasonal Variations in Plasma Estradiol
Authors: Scaia María Florencia , Regueira Eleonora , Volonteri María Clara , Ceballos Nora Raquel 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn bufonids, the Bidder's organ (BO), located in the anterior pole of the testis, is sometimes referred to as a rudimentary ovary because of the presence of previtellogenic follicles. In males of Rhinella arenarum it has been demonstrated that some follicles are vitellogenic and also express several steroidogenic enzymes in follicular cells. The purpose of this study is to describe seasonal variations in plasma estradiol (E2) and in aromatase activity of the BO, and to determine the capacity of the BO to synthesize E2 from cholesterol in males of R. arenarum. E2 was determined by radioimmunoassay and aromatase activity was measured by transformation of radioactive substrates into products. Results indicate that plasma E2 reached the highest concentration in April and the lowest one in animals captured in June, showing a progressive increase to the end of the year. Plasma E2 and total activity of aromatase in the BO were significantly lower during the pre‐reproductive season than during the reproductive and post‐reproductive seasons. It was also demonstrated that the BO is able to produce E2 from endogenous substrates throughout the year. No correlation was found between plasma E2 and total BO weight, while there was a significant correlation between plasma E2 and total activity of aromatase, and between plasma E2 and E2 produced in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate seasonal variations in plasma E2, in bidderian total activity of aromatase and, that the BO of adult males of R. arenarum is able to produce E2 from endogenous substrates. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:355–364, 2013. © 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistics of whistler mode waves in the outer radiation belt: Cluster STAFF‐SA measurements
Authors: Agapitov Oleksiy , Artemyev Anton , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Mourenas Didier , Breuillard Hugo , Balikhin Michael , Rolland Guy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractELF/VLF waves play a crucial role in the dynamics of the radiation belts and are partly responsible for the main losses and the acceleration of energetic electrons. Modeling wave‐particle interactions requires detailed information of wave amplitudes and wave normal distribution over L‐shells and over magnetic latitudes for different geomagnetic activity conditions. We performed a statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions using wave measurements in the whistler frequency range for 10 years (2001–2010) aboard Cluster spacecraft. We utilized data from the STAFF‐SA experiment, which spans the frequency range from 8 Hz to 4 kHz. We present distributions of wave magnetic and electric field amplitudes and wave normal directions as functions of magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, L‐shell, and geomagnetic activity. We show that wave normals are directed approximately along the background magnetic field (with the mean value of θ—the angle between the wave normal and the background magnetic field, about 10°–15°) in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator. The distribution changes with magnetic latitude: Plasmaspheric hiss normal angles increase with latitude to quasi‐perpendicular direction at ∼35°–40° where hiss can be reflected; lower band chorus are observed as two wave populations: One population of wave normals tends toward the resonance cone and at latitudes of around 35°–45° wave normals become nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field; the other part remains quasi‐parallel at latitudes up to 30°. The observed angular distribution is significantly different from Gaussian, and the width of the distribution increases with latitude. Due to the rapid increase of θ, the wave mode becomes quasi‐electrostatic, and the corresponding electric field increases with latitude and has a maximum near 30°. The magnetic field amplitude of the chorus in the day sector has a minimum at the magnetic equator but increases rapidly with latitude with a local maximum near 12°–15°. The wave magnetic field maximum is observed in the night sector at L>7 during low geomagnetic activity (at L∼5 for Kp>3). Our results confirm the strong dependence of wave amplitude on geomagnetic activity found in earlier studies.
Meander dynamics: A reduced‐order nonlinear model without curvature restrictions for flow and bed morphology
Authors: Ottevanger W. , Blanckaert K. , J. Uijttewaal W. S. , de Vriend H. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReduced‐order models remain essential tools for meander modeling, especially for processes at large length scales and long time scales, probabilistic simulations, rapid assessments, or when input data are scarce or uncertain. Present reduced‐order meander models consider their dependent variables either as small‐amplitude variations compared to a basic state (linearity) or as varying gradually in a spatial sense (gradual variation). In a prequel, Blanckaert and de Vriend () derived a nonlinear reduced‐order hydrodynamic model without curvature restrictions and showed that linearity or gradual curvature variations assumptions do not hold in strongly curved channels. Moreover, in strongly curved channels, a nonlinear feedback mechanism causes the secondary flow strength to be smaller than its linear mild‐curvature equivalent. In the limit of mild‐amplitude variations and mild curvature, their nonlinear meander flow model simplifies to a well‐known linear formulation. The present paper extends this nonlinear modeling to the bed morphology in strongly curved bends, making use of Exner's sediment conservation principle. Furthermore, the model quantifying the relative influence of the downslope gravitational force is refined by considering nonlinear effects. The coupled nonlinear flow and bed morphology model yields satisfactory results for the bed topography, whereas the corresponding linear model strongly overpredicts the magnitude of the transverse bed slope. Analysis of the forcing mechanisms indicate that this erroneous behavior is caused by an overestimation of the upslope drag force due to the secondary flow.
Diffusion tensor imaging of normal‐appearing white matter in unilateral cerebral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: Meng Xiangshui , Wang Qing , Hou Jinwen , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Enguo , Li Qilu , Zeng Qingshi , Wang Qian , Li Chuanfu , Ma Xiangxing 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo use MR with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and conventional and high b value to assess diffusion changes in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with unilateral, severe stenosis, or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).Materials and MethodsIn total, 28 patients with NAWM and unilateral, severe stenosis, or occlusion of the MCA underwent DTI with b values 1000 and 2200 s/mm2 at 3.0T MR. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), radial diffusivity (eigenvalues λ1, λ2), and axial diffusivity (eigenvalue λ3) were measured for the ipsilateral and contralateral corona radiata.ResultsMean FA was significantly lower for the ipsilateral than contralateral corona radiata with high b value, 2200 s/mm2, and ipsilateral corona radiata with conventional low b value, 1000 s/mm2 (all P < 0.01). Mean ADC, λ1, λ2, and λ3 were significantly higher for the ipsilateral than contralateral corona radiata with high b value (all P < 0.05) but not for ipsilateral than contralateral corona radiata with low b value (P > 0.05).ConclusionDTI with a high b value detects diffusion changes in NAWM in patients with unilateral, severe stenosis, or occlusion of the MCA not seen with conventional b value or conventional MRI contrasts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:650–654. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A simple and accurate dynamical modeling of quantum‐dot semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Taleb Hussein , Abedi Kambiz , Golmohammadi Saeed. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this article, quantum‐dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD‐SOAs) have been modelled using state space method. To derive this model, we have manipulated the rate equation model of the QD‐SOA, where the average values of the occupation probabilities along the QD‐SOA cavity are considered as the state variables of the system. Using these variables, the distance dependence of the rate equations is eliminated. The derived state space model gives the optical gain and output signal of the amplifier with a high accuracy. Simulation results show that the derived model is not only much simpler and faster than conventional rate equation models, but also the optical gain and output signal of the investigated QD‐SOA are calculated with a higher precision compared to the rate equation model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab region: long‐term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO
Authors: Donat M. G. , Peterson T. C. , Brunet M. , King A. D. , Almazroui M. , Kolli R. K. , Boucherf Djamel , Al‐Mulla Anwar Yousuf , Nour Abdourahman Youssouf , Aly Ahmed Attia , Nada Tamer Ali Ali , Semawi Muhammad M. , Al Dashti Hasan Abdullah , Salhab Tarek G. , El Fadli Khalid I. , Muftah Mohamed K. , Dah Eida Sidaty , Badi Wafae , Driouech Fatima , El Rhaz Khalid , Abubaker Mohammed J. Y. , Ghulam Ayman S. , Erayah Amani Sanhouri , Mansour Maher Ben , Alabdouli Waleed O. , Al Dhanhani Jemie Salem , Al Shekaili Majed N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA workshop was held in Casablanca, Morocco, in March 2012, to enhance knowledge of climate extremes and their changes in the Arab region. This workshop initiated intensive data compilation activities of daily observational weather station data from the Arab region. After conducting careful control processes to ensure the quality and homogeneity of the data, climate indices for extreme temperatures and precipitation were calculated.This study examines the temporal changes in climate extremes in the Arab region with regard to long‐term trends and natural variability related to ENSO and NAO. We find consistent warming trends since the middle of the 20th Century across the region. This is evident in the increased frequencies of warm days and warm nights, higher extreme temperature values, fewer cold days and cold nights and shorter cold spell durations. The warming trends seem to be particularly strong since the early 1970s. Changes in precipitation are generally less consistent and characterised by a higher spatial and temporal variability; the trends are generally less significant. However, in the western part of the Arab region, there is a tendency towards wetter conditions. In contrast, in the eastern part, there are more drying trends, although, these are of low significance.We also find some relationships between climate extremes in the Arab region and certain prominent modes of variability, in particular El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationships of the climate extremes with NAO are stronger, in general, than those with ENSO, and are particularly strong in the western part of the Arab region (closer to the Atlantic Ocean). The relationships with ENSO are found to be more significant towards the eastern part of the area of study. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Potassium‐fertilizer management in winter oilseed‐rape production in China
Authors: Ren Tao , Lu Jianwei , Li Hui , Zou Juan , Xu Huali , Liu Xiaowei , Li Xiaokun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOptimal potassium (K) fertilization is beneficial for oilseed‐rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and quality. However, the discrepancy between the high K demand of winter oilseed rape and low soil fertility and insufficient potassium input has limited the sustainable development of oilseed‐rape production. A series of on‐farm experiments in the key winter oilseed‐rape domains of China was conducted from 2004 to 2010 to evaluate K‐fertilizer management for winter oilseed rape. Currently, the average NH4OAc‐extractable K content in the 0–20 cm soil layer is 89.1 mg kg–1 indicative of “slight deficiency”. In addition, farmers in China usually fail to use sufficient K fertilizer in oilseed‐rape production, the average mineral‐potassium‐fertilizer input in 2010 being only 35 kg K ha–1, far lower than the recommended rate of potassium for winter oilseed rape. Adequate potassium fertilization significantly raises seed yield. The average yield‐increase rate for the major production regions due to K‐fertilizer application was 18.5%, and the average K fertilizer–use efficiency 36.1%. Based on the negative correlation between yield response to potassium fertilization and available soil K content, a soil‐K‐test index was established for winter oilseed rape with a threshold value for NH4OAc‐extractable soil K of 135 mg kg–1. When available soil K‐content is below this threshold value, more K fertilizer should be applied to achieve high seed yield and to increase soil fertility. The major challenge for K‐fertilizer management in winter oilseed‐rape production in China will be to guide farmers in the different regions in making reasonable use of K fertilizer through soil K‐testing technology in order to maintain both seed yield and soil fertility.
Acid‐extractable potassium in agricultural soils: Source minerals assessed by differential and quantitative X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Andrist‐Rangel Ylva , Simonsson Magnus , Öborn Ingrid , Hillier Stephen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDifferent extraction methods are used world‐wide in routine soil analysis to estimate long‐term potassium (K) reserves for plants. In Sweden, K extracted with 2 M HCl at 100°C (KHCl) is frequently used, although with limited understanding of the phases extracted. In the present study, we quantified the effects of this extraction on soil minerals in particle size fractions ranging from clay to sand, and estimated their relative contribution to KHCl. The study included three Swedish long‐term agricultural field experiments with texture ranging from loamy sand to silty clay, as well as mineral specimens of K feldspar. Total weight loss of particle size fractions was determined, and quantitative and differential X‐ray powder diffraction (QXRD, DXRD), applied on solids before and after extraction, was used to quantify the dissolution of individual mineral phases. QXRD and DXRD included spray‐drying of samples, addition of an internal standard and full pattern fitting, where a combination of mineral‐standard XRD traces was matched with the experimental one. Our results show that KHCl was primarily associated with clay minerals concentrated in the two finest fractions (2–20 and < 2 μm). Highly expandable and mixed‐layer phyllosilicates were quantitatively the most important minerals dissolved. The K was released from micaceous layers in mixed‐layer phyllosilicates with a vermiculitic character. Whether di‐ or trioctahedral, a shared property of the dissolved phases was that they were rich in Fe. In the loamy sand, the coarser fractions (20–2000 μm), where feldspars were prominent, accounted for 35% of KHCl. According to DXRD, there was no significant decrease in K feldspars in any of the samples, and KHCl data for the feldspar specimens suggest that clay minerals contributed at least 70% of KHCl also in the loamy sand. Our study provides insights about the soil minerals that contribute to the long‐term K delivery capacity of soils and an explanation for the prior observation that KHCl is a dynamic fraction that can be affected by management.
The academic impact of the triological society theses—Mosher and fowler awards: Citations, impact factor, and h‐index
Authors: Badran Karam W. , Lahham Sari , Mahboubi Hossein , Crumley Roger L. , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe Triological Society requires thesis submission for full membership. Accepted theses (AT) may be recognized with designations of: Mosher Awards (MA), Fowler Awards (FA), Honorable Mention for Basic Science (HMBS), and Honorable Mention for Clinical Science (HMCS). We sought to determine and compare the scholarly impact of Triological Society theses, their authors, and whether differences exist between AT and those that receive special recognition.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of awards and theses compiled by The Triological Society home office from 1998 to 2011.MethodsThomson Reuters' Integrated Search Interface (ISI) Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar and were used to determine citations and the author's h‐index. Trend and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsOf the 307 Triological Society theses examined, 275 were published and had record of citation. H‐indices and number of citations were found to be nonparametric; thus, median and quartile (1st−3rd quartiles) values were found to be the following: AT 11 (4–26), MA 18 (9–25), FA 6 (1–28), HMBS 11 (4–26), and HMCS 16 (1–28) for number of citations per published thesis. H‐indices of authors with accepted theses were AT 15 (10–19), MA 16 (15–23), FA 18 (10–23), HMBS 16 (11–19), and HMCS 15 (11–21). When comparing all groupings of theses and award winners with bibliometric indices, no statistical significance was found (P >0.5).ConclusionsThe Triological Society cultivates a competitive pool of applicants as membership is highly regarded. Negligible difference in citations and author h‐index were observed between AT, MA, and FA theses indicated that the level of excellence is uniform, and thesis submission remains influential and prestigious.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2654–2657, 2013
Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Neomycin Based on Conjugated Polydiacetylene Supramolecules
Authors: Zhou Guodong , Wang Fang , Wang Huilin , Kambam Srinivasulu , Chen Xiaoqiang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUtilizing the colorimetric and fluorogenic changes, a system based on polydiacetylenes (PDAs) is developed for the detection of neomycin. The PDA supramolecules polymerized from the mixed liposome composed of N‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)pentacosa‐10,12‐diynamide (PCDA‐AP) and pentacosa‐10,12‐diynoic acid (PCDA) at an optimized ratio of 1:9 display a unique colorimetric change (blue to red) and fluorescent enhancement in the presence of neomycin. The detection limit for neomycin is estimated to be 2.55 × 10−7 M by the fluorogenic method. The optical changes induced by neomycin can be attributed to the disruption of the hydrogen bonding between phenol and carboxylic acid from PCDA‐AP and PCDA.magnified image