bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for adaptive divergence of thermal responses among Bemisia tabaci populations from tropical Colombia following a recent invasion
Authors: Díaz F. , Muñoz‐Valencia V. , Juvinao‐Quintero D. L. , Manzano‐Martínez M. R. , Toro‐Perea N. , Cárdenas‐Henao H. , Hoffmann A. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere is an increasing evidence that populations of ectotherms can diverge genetically in response to different climatic conditions, both within their native range and (in the case of invasive species) in their new range. Here, we test for such divergence in invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci populations in tropical Colombia, by considering heritable variation within and between populations in survival and fecundity under temperature stress, and by comparing population differences with patterns established from putatively neutral microsatellite markers. We detected significant differences among populations linked to mean temperature (for survival) and temperature variation (for fecundity) in local environments. A QST − FST analysis indicated that phenotypic divergence was often larger than neutral expectations (QST > FST). Particularly, for survival after a sublethal heat shock, this divergence remained linked to the local mean temperature after controlling for neutral divergence. These findings point to rapid adaptation in invasive whitefly likely to contribute to its success as a pest species. Ongoing evolutionary divergence also provides challenges in predicting the likely impact of Bemisia in invaded regions.
Male interference with pollination efficiency in a hermaphroditic orchid
Authors: Duffy K. J. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHermaphroditism can lead to both intra‐ and intersexual conflict between male and female gender functions. However, the effect that such gender conflicts have on pollination efficiency has seldom been investigated. By artificially reducing the number of available male gametes on an individual, we quantified whether male interference with pollination efficiency occurs in the self‐compatible, moth‐pollinated orchid Satyrium longicauda. We partially emasculated S. longicauda inflorescences and compared pollination success and fecundity in these plants to intact controls. Pollen in both groups of plants was colour‐labelled so that its dispersal by pollinators could be tracked directly in the field. Intact flowers on partially emasculated inflorescences exported more pollen and received more cross‐pollen and less self‐pollen than those on intact inflorescences. Proportion of fruit set per plant was similar between the two treatments; however, fruits on partially emasculated plants had proportionally more viable seeds than those on intact controls. These results provide empirical evidence that male interference with pollination efficiency can occur in a hermaphroditic plant and that such interference can compromise fecundity. The most likely mechanism for such male interference is competition for placement on the proboscis of hawkmoth pollinators. Consequently, male competition for siring success may influence the evolution of sexual systems in hermaphroditic pollinator‐dependent plants.
Profile and Determinants of Successful Aging in the Ibadan Study of Ageing
Authors: Gureje Oye , Oladeji Bibilola D. , Abiona Taiwo , Chatterji Somnath 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the profile and determinants of successful aging in a developing country characterized by low life expectancy and where successful agers may represent a unique group.DesignCommunity‐based cohort study.SettingEight contiguous states in the Yoruba‐speaking region of Nigeria.ParticipantsA multistage clustered sampling of households was used to select a representative sample of individuals (N = 2,149) aged 65 and older at baseline. Nine hundred thirty were successfully followed for an average of 64 months between August 2003 and December 2009.MeasurementsLifestyle and behavioral factors were assessed at baseline. Successful aging, defined using each of three models (absence of chronic health conditions, functional independence, and satisfaction with life), was assessed at follow‐up.ResultsBetween 16% and 75% of respondents could be classified as successful agers using one of the three models while 7.5% could be so classified using a combination of all the models. Correlations between the three models were small, ranging from 0.08 to 0.15. Different features predicted their outcomes, suggesting that they represent relatively independent trajectories of aging. Whichever model was used, more men than women tended to be classified as aging successfully. Men who aged successfully, using a combination of all the three models, were more likely never to have smoked (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–14.46) and to report, at baseline, having contacts with friends (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.0–18.76) or participating in community activities (aOR = 16.0, 95% CI = 1.23–204.40). In women, there was a nonlinear trend for younger age at baseline to predict this outcome.ConclusionModifiable social and lifestyle factors predicted successful aging in this population, suggesting that health promotion targeting behavior change may lead to tangible benefits for health and well‐being in old age.
Time Providing Care Outside Visits in a Home‐Based Primary Care Program
Authors: Pedowitz Elizabeth J. , Ornstein Katherine A. , Farber Jeffrey , DeCherrie Linda V. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo assess how much time physicians in a large home‐based primary care (HBPC) program spend providing care outside of home visits. Unreimbursed time and patient and provider‐related factors that may contribute to that time were considered.DesignMount Sinai Visiting Doctors (MSVD) providers filled out research forms for every interaction involving care provision outside of home visits. Data collected included length of interaction, mode, nature, and with whom the interaction was for 3 weeks.SettingMSVD, an academic home‐visit program in Manhattan, New York.ParticipantsAll primary care physicians (PCPs) in MSVD (n = 14) agreed to participate.MeasurementsTime data were analyzed using a comprehensive estimate and conservative estimates to quantify unbillable time.ResultsData on 1,151 interactions for 537 patients were collected. An average 8.2 h/wk was spent providing nonhome visit care for a full‐time provider. Using the most conservative estimates, 3.6 h/wk was estimated to be unreimbursed per full‐time provider. No significant differences in interaction times were found between patients with and without dementia, new and established patients, and primary‐panel and covered patients.ConclusionHome‐based primary care providers spend substantial time providing care outside home visits, much of which goes unrecognized in the current reimbursement system. These findings may help guide practice development and creation of new payment systems for HBPC and similar models of care.
Four Subtypes of Self‐Neglect in Older Adults: Results of a Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Burnett Jason , Dyer Carmel B. , Halphen John M. , Achenbaum W. A. , Green Charles E. , Booker James G. , Diamond Pamela M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether there are subtypes of elder self‐neglect (SN) with different risk factors that can be targeted using medical and social interventions.DesignCohort study using archived data of Adult Protective Services (APS) substantiated cases of elder SN between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2008.SettingHouston, Harris County, Texas.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older with APS region VI substantiated SN between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2008 (N = 5,686).MeasurementsAdult Protective Services caseworkers used the Client Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) tool during home investigations, assessing risk of harm in the domains of living conditions, financial status, physical and medical status, mental health, and social connectedness. Latent class analysis was used to identify unique subtypes of elder SN.ResultsFour unique subtypes of elder SN were identified, with approximately 50% of individuals manifesting physical and medical neglect problems. Other subtypes included environmental neglect (22%), global neglect (21%), and financial neglect (9%). Older age, Caucasian descent, and mental status problems were more strongly associated with global neglect behaviors. African Americans were more likely to experience financial and environmental neglect than Caucasians and non‐white Hispanics.ConclusionElder SN consists of unique subtypes that may be amenable to customized multidisciplinary interventions. Future studies are needed to determine whether these subtypes impose differential mortality risks and whether multidisciplinary tailored interventions can reduce SN and prevent early mortality.
Knockdown of LjALD1, AGD2‐like defense response protein 1, influences plant growth and nodulation in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Xueliu , Tian Lu , Wu Pingzhi , Li Meiru , Jiang Huawu , Chen Yaping , Wu Guojiang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe discovery of the enzyme L,L‐diaminopimelate aminotransferase (LL‐DAP‐AT, EC 2.6.1.83) uncovered a unique step in the L‐lysine biosynthesis pathway in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LL‐DAP‐AT has been shown to play a key role in plant‐pathogen interactions by regulation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Here, a full‐length cDNA of LL‐DAP‐AT named as LjALD1 from Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 67% identity with the Arabidopsis aminotransferase AGD2‐LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (AtALD1) and is predicted to contain the same key elements: a conserved aminotransferase domain and a pyridoxal‐5'‐phosphate cofactor binding site. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that LjALD1 was expressed in all L. japonicus tissues tested, being strongest in nodules. Expression was induced in roots that had been infected with the symbiotic rhizobium Mesorhizobium loti or treated with SA agonist benzo‐(1, 2, 3)‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid. LjALD1 Knockdown exhibited a lower SA content, an increased number of infection threads and nodules, and a slight reduction in nodule size. In addition, compared with wild‐type, root growth was increased and shoot growth was suppressed in LjALD1 RNAi plant lines. These results indicate that LjALD1 may play important roles in plant development and nodulation via SA signaling in L. japonicus.
Changing a Dangerous Rural Cultural Tradition: A Randomized Control Study of Youth as Extra Riders on Tractors
Authors: Stoneman Zolinda , Jinnah Hamida Amirali , Rains Glen C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study used a randomized control design to evaluate the effectiveness of AgTeen, an in‐home, family‐based farm safety intervention, in decreasing extra riding on tractors by youth. Having children as extra riders on tractors has deep roots in farm culture, but it can result in serious injury or death.MethodsThe study randomized 151 families into 3 groups: parent‐led intervention (fathers taught their families about farm safety), staff‐led intervention (staff members who were peer farmers taught families), and a no‐treatment control. Mothers, fathers, and all children aged 10‐19 participated in the lessons.FindingsAt study entry, 93% of youth reported that they had been an extra rider on a tractor in the past year. Although they were aware of the injury risk, fathers frequently gave tractor rides to their children. After the intervention, fathers in both AgTeen groups were less likely than control fathers to give youth tractor rides. Intervention youth were less likely than control youth to be extra riders. The intervention positively affected the extra‐riding attitudes and injury risk perceptions of mothers and fathers. The parent‐led and staff‐led groups did not significantly differ across study outcomes.ConclusionsFindings confirm the effectiveness of a family‐based intervention in decreasing extra riding on tractors by youth.
A Subpubic Cartilaginous Cyst Causing Neurological and Sexual Symptoms in a 69-Year-Old Man
Authors: Wylie Kevan Richard , Griffiths Joshua , Pye Joanne , Salim Ferekh , Inman Richard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Subpubic cartilaginous cysts (SCCs) are rare.

Aim
This is the first reported case of a male patient presenting with neurological and sexual symptoms due to an SCC.

Method
We describe the clinical history of a patient who reported neuralgic pain, numbness in the groin and base of his penis, and loss of sexual function.

Results
A magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of an SCC with associated mass effect. A conservative approach was adopted and within 12 months, the cyst had decreased in size and his symptoms had improved.

Conclusions
Men who present with erectile dysfunction and neurological symptoms merit a thorough assessment including appropriate investigation to exclude organic pathology.
Do red deer hinds prefer stags that produce harsh roars in mate choice contexts?
Authors: Charlton B. D. , Wyman M. T. , Locatelli Y. , Fitch W. T. , Reby D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRed deer stags give two types of roars during the breeding season, termed ‘common’ and ‘harsh’ roars. This study tested the hypothesis that the characteristic spectro‐temporal structure of male harsh roars functions to directly attract females towards male callers during the breeding season. The results show that oestrous hinds look for longer towards speakers broadcasting sequences containing harsh roars, but do not preferentially approach or spend more time in close proximity to speakers broadcasting harsh roars over those broadcasting only common roars. While these observations confirm that the specific acoustic structure of male harsh roars functions to draw the attention of hinds, they are not consistent with the notion that these calls have an immediate impact on mate choice decisions by stimulating oestrous hinds to move towards male callers. Consequently, we suggest that intersexual selection through female mate choice is unlikely to be a major factor driving the evolution of male red deer harsh roars.
Interglacial microrefugia and diversification of a cactus species complex: phylogeography and palaeodistributional reconstructions for Pilosocereus aurisetus and allies
Authors: Bonatelli Isabel A. S. , Perez Manolo F. , Peterson A. Townsend , Taylor Nigel P. , Zappi Daniela C. , Machado Marlon C. , Koch Ingrid , Pires Adriana H. C. , Moraes Evandro M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe role of Pleistocene climate changes in promoting evolutionary diversification in global biota is well documented, but the great majority of data regarding this subject come from North America and Europe, which were greatly affected by glaciation. The effects of Pleistocene changes on cold‐ and/or dry‐adapted species in tropical areas where glaciers were not present remain sparsely investigated. Many such species are restricted to small areas surrounded by unfavourable habitats, which may represent potential interglacial microrefugia. Here, we analysed the phylogeographic structure and diversification history of seven cactus species in the Pilosocereus aurisetus complex that are restricted to rocky areas with high diversity and endemism within the Neotropical savannas of eastern South America. We combined palaeodistributional estimates with standard phylogeographic approaches based on two chloroplast DNA regions (trnT‐trnL and trnS‐trnG), exon 1 of the nuclear gene PhyC and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. Our analyses revealed a phylogeographic history marked by multiple levels of distributional fragmentation, isolation leading to allopatric differentiation and secondary contact among divergent lineages within the complex. Diversification and demographic events appear to have been affected by the Quaternary climatic cycles as a result of isolation in multiple patches of xerophytic vegetation. These small patches presently harbouring P. aurisetus populations seem to operate as microrefugia, both at present and during Pleistocene interglacial periods; the role of such microrefugia should be explored and analysed in greater detail.
Carotenoid metabolic profiling and transcriptome‐genome mining reveal functional equivalence among blue‐pigmented copepods and appendicularia
Authors: Mojib Nazia , Amad Maan , Thimma Manjula , Aldanondo Naroa , Kumaran Mande , Irigoien Xabier 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe tropical oligotrophic oceanic areas are characterized by high water transparency and annual solar radiation. Under these conditions, a large number of phylogenetically diverse mesozooplankton species living in the surface waters (neuston) are found to be blue pigmented. In the present study, we focused on understanding the metabolic and genetic basis of the observed blue phenotype functional equivalence between the blue‐pigmented organisms from the phylum Arthropoda, subclass Copepoda (Acartia fossae) and the phylum Chordata, class Appendicularia (Oikopleura dioica) in the Red Sea. Previous studies have shown that carotenoid–protein complexes are responsible for blue coloration in crustaceans. Therefore, we performed carotenoid metabolic profiling using both targeted and nontargeted (high‐resolution mass spectrometry) approaches in four different blue‐pigmented genera of copepods and one blue‐pigmented species of appendicularia. Astaxanthin was found to be the principal carotenoid in all the species. The pathway analysis showed that all the species can synthesize astaxanthin from β‐carotene, ingested from dietary sources, via 3‐hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, adonirubin or adonixanthin. Further, using de novo assembled transcriptome of blue A. fossae (subclass Copepoda), we identified highly expressed homologous β‐carotene hydroxylase enzymes and putative carotenoid‐binding proteins responsible for astaxanthin formation and the blue phenotype. In blue O. dioica (class Appendicularia), corresponding putative genes were identified from the reference genome. Collectively, our data provide molecular evidences for the bioconversion and accumulation of blue astaxanthin–protein complexes underpinning the observed ecological functional equivalence and adaptive convergence among neustonic mesozooplankton.
Disequilibrium, Reproduction and Money: a Classical Approach
Authors: Benetti Carlo , Bidard Christian , Klimovsky Edith , Rebeyrol Antoine 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe consider a bisector reproduction model in which money is introduced as a pure means of exchange issued by a bank at the producers' requests. Each capitalist aims at maximizing accumulation in his own sector. Their plans are based on available quantities and expected prices. Effective prices are determined by a market mechanism. Temporary disequilibria occur in both physical and monetary terms. The settlement of the monetary balances is operated by means of a transfer of capital goods. Final allocations and effective productions are thus determined. The dynamics of the economy are those of a sequence of temporary disequilibria and let appear several possibilities (local or global stability, cycles) depending on the values of the parameters.
Whales sustain fisheries: Blue whales stimulate primary production in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lavery Trish J. , Roudnew Ben , Seymour Justin , Mitchell James G. , Smetacek Victor , Nicol Steve 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt has previously been asserted that baleen whales compete with fisheries by consuming potentially harvestable marine resources. The regularly applied “surplus‐yield model” suggests that whale prey becomes available to fisheries if whales are removed, and has been presented as a justification for whaling. However, recent findings indicate that whales enhance ecosystem productivity by defecating iron that stimulates primary productivity in iron‐limited waters. While juvenile whales and whales that are pregnant or lactating retain iron for growth and milk production, nonbreeding adult whales defecate most of the iron they consume. Here, we modify the surplus‐yield model to incorporate iron defecation. After modeling a simplistic trajectory of blue whale recovery to historical abundances, the traditional surplus‐yield model predicts that 1011 kg of carbon yr−1 would become unavailable to fisheries. However, this ignores the nutrient recycling role of whales. Our model suggests the population of blue whales would defecate 3 × 106 kg of iron yr−1, which would stimulate primary production equivalent to that required to support prey consumption by the blue whale population. Thus, modifying the surplus‐yield model to include iron defecation indicates that blue whales do not render marine resources unavailable to fisheries. By defecating iron‐rich feces, blue whales promote Southern Ocean productivity, rather than reducing fishery yields.
Multi‐scale analysis of the associations among egg, larval and pupal surveys and the presence and abundance of adult female Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) in the city of Merida, Mexico
Authors: MANRIQUE‐SAIDE P. , COLEMAN P. , MCCALL P. J. , LENHART A. , VÁZQUEZ‐PROKOPEC G. , DAVIES C. R. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.Despite decades of research, there is still no agreement on which indices of Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) presence and abundance better quantify entomological risk for dengue. This study reports the results of a multi‐scale, cross‐sectional entomological survey carried out in 1160 households in the city of Merida, Mexico to establish: (a) the correlation between levels of Ae. aegypti presence and abundance detected with aspirators and ovitraps; (b) which immature and egg indices correlate with the presence and abundance of Ae. aegypti females, and (c) the correlations amongst traditional Aedes indices and their modifications for pupae at the household level and within medium‐sized geographic areas used for vector surveillance. Our analyses show that ovitrap positivity was significantly associated with indoor adult Ae. aegypti presence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; P = 0.03], that the presence of pupae is associated with adult presence at the household level (OR = 2.27; P = 0.001), that classic Aedes indices are informative only when they account for pupae, and that window screens provide a significant level of protection against peridomestic Ae. aegypti (OR = 0.59; P = 0.02). Results reinforce the potential of using both positive collections in outdoor ovitraps and the presence of pupae as sensitive indicators of indoor adult female presence.
“Doing the month”: Postpartum practices in Chinese women
Authors: Liu Yan Qun , Petrini Marcia , Maloni Judith A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis review describes the traditional ancient Chinese postpartum practice of “doing the month” or “zuoyuezi”, the evidence for specific practices, maternal adherence to practices, and their effect upon the maternal postpartum physical and psychological health. A comprehensive search yielded 38 English or Chinese publications about common practices, adherence to practices, and their effects upon Chinese women's physical and psychological health. Doing the month involves a series of practices related to the maternal role, physical activity, maintenance of body warmth, and food consumption that are believed to restore maternal postpartum health and prevent future disease. Strengths of these practices include acknowledgment of the woman's societal and familial contribution to childbearing and the provision of consistent family support. There is concern for the effect of some practices upon both maternal physical and psychological health, particularly for postpartum depression. Current evidence about the effects of doing‐the‐month practices upon maternal health needs to be integrated into the traditional practices of doing the month to improve maternal health.