bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
West Syndrome: How Early is Early for its Presentation?
Authors: Shrestha Bikash , Kiran Kamal , Ghulliani Ranjit 
Published: December 2013

West syndrome is the triad of mental retardation, infantile spasms and characteristic hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalograph. West syndrome usually presents in mid-infancy period. We present this as a rare presentation of West syndrome in the neonatal period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8639 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):239-242
Local delivery of angiogenesis-inhibitor minocycline combined with radiotherapy and oral temozolomide chemotherapy in 9L glioma
Authors: Bow Hansen , Hwang Lee S. , Schildhaus Noam , Xing Joanna , Murray Luke , Salditch Quinn , Ye Xiaobu , Zhang Yonggang , Weingart Jon , Brem Henry , Tyler Betty 
Published: December 2013

Object
Over the past several years, there has been increasing interest in combining angiogenesis inhibitors with radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma. Although the US FDA approved bevacizumab for the treatment of glioblastoma in 2009, the European Medicines Agency rejected its use due to its questionable impact on patient survival. One factor contributing to the failure of angiogenesis inhibitors to increase overall patient survival may be their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Here the authors examined in a 9L glioma model whether intracranial polymer-based delivery of the angiogenesis inhibitor minocycline potentiates the effects of both radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy in increasing median survival. The authors also investigated whether the relative timing of minocycline polymer implantation with respect to radiotherapy affects the efficacy of radiotherapy.

Methods
Minocycline was incorporated into the biodegradable polymer polyanhydride poly(1,3-bis-[p-carboxyphenoxy propane]-co-[sebacic anhydride]) (CPP:SA) at a ratio of 50:50 by weight. Female Fischer 344 rats were implanted with 9L glioma on Day 0. The minocycline polymer was then implanted on either Day 3 or Day 5 posttumor implantation. Cohorts of rats were exposed to 20 Gy focal radiation on Day 5 or were administered oral temozolomide (50 mg/kg daily) on Days 5–9.

Results
Both minocycline polymer implantations on Days 3 and 5 increased survival from 14 days to 19 days (p < 0.001 vs control). Treatment with a combination of both minocycline polymer and radiotherapy on Day 5 resulted in a 139% increase in median survival compared with treatment with radiotherapy alone (p < 0.005). There was not a statistically significant difference in median survival between the group that received minocycline implanted on the same day as radiotherapy and the group that received minocycline polymer 2 days prior to radiotherapy. Lastly, treatment with a combination of minocycline polymer with oral temozolomide resulted in a 38% extension of median survival compared with treatment of oral temozolomide alone (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
These results show that minocycline delivered locally potentiates the effects of both radiotherapy and oral temozolomide in increasing median survival in a rodent glioma model. More generally, these results suggest that traditional therapy in combination with local, as opposed to systemic, delivery of angiogenesis inhibitors may be able to increase median survival for patients with glioblastoma.
Minimally invasive tubular resection of the anomalous transverse process in patients with Bertolotti's syndrome
Authors: Li Yumeng , Lubelski Daniel , Abdullah Kalil G. , Mroz Thomas E. , Steinmetz Michael P. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Bertolotti's syndrome consists of low-back pain caused by lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) and LSTV-associated biomechanical spinal changes. There is a lack of consensus regarding the cause, clinical significance, and treatment of this condition. The authors aim to characterize the clinical presentation of patients with Bertolotti's syndrome and describe a minimally invasive surgical treatment for this condition.

Methods
Seven patients who underwent minimally invasive paramedian tubular-based resection of the LSTV for Bertolotti's syndrome were identified over the course of 5 years. Diagnosis was based on patient history of chronic low-back pain, radiographic findings of LSTV, and pain relief on trigger-site injection with steroid and/or anesthetics. Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify demographics, operative data, and outcomes.

Results
All patients presented with severe, chronic low-back pain lasting an average of 8 years that was resistant to nonoperative care. At presentation, 6 (86%) of 7 patients experienced radicular pain that was ipsilateral to the LSTV. Radiographic evidence showed a presence of LSTV in all patients on the left (43%), right (29%), or bilaterally (29%). Degenerative disc changes at the L4–5 level immediately above the anomalous LSTV were observed in 6 of 7 (86%) patients; these changes were not seen at the level below the LSTV. Following pseudo-joint injection, all patients experienced temporary relief of their symptoms. All patients underwent a minimally invasive, paramedian tubular-based approach for resection of the LSTV. Three (43%) of 7 patients reported complete resolution of low-back pain, 2 (29%) of 7 patients had reduced low-back pain, and 2 patients (29%) experienced initial relief but return of low-back pain at 1 and 4 years postoperatively. Three (50%) of the 6 patients with radicular pain had complete relief of this symptom. The median follow-up time was 12 months. No intraoperative complication was reported. Two (29%) of 7 patients developed postoperative complications including one with a wound hematoma and another with new L-5 radiculopathy that resolved 2 years after surgery.

Conclusions
Diagnosis of Bertolotti's syndrome should be considered with adequate patient history, imaging studies, and diagnostic injections. A minimally invasive surgical approach for resection of the LSTV is presented here for symptomatic treatment of select patients with Bertolotti's syndrome whose conditions are refractory to conventional therapy and who have pain that can be attributed to the LSTV. Several short-term complications were noted with this procedure, but overall this procedure is effective for treating symptoms related to Bertolotti's syndrome.
Entrée d'esclaves noirs à Valence (1445-1482) : le remplacement de la voie saharienne par la voie atlantique
Authors: Teixeira da Mota Avelino 
Published: December 2013

L'Archivo del Reino de Valencia conserve des fonds qui permettent d'étudier l'entrée d'esclaves pendant le XVe siècle. On a fait l'étude des entrées de 1445 à 1482.
A l'exception de deux années de pointe, en 1474 et 1475, le nombre « moros » non noirs ajouté aux individus à la peau claire et aux mulâtres oscille normalement entre 5 et 25. Ce groupe est en prédominance dans la période 1445-1451, en 1457-1458, en 1472 et dans la période 1474-1479. Le nombre d'esclaves originaires de Barca est très réduit, et il y en a seulement en 1445-1448 et 1464. Les esclaves noirs apparaissent pour la première fois en 1447, et leur nombre est réduit jusqu'en 1460 ; ils ne sont en majorité qu'en 1454, puis presque toujours à partir de 1460. Jusqu'en 1454 ils sont distribués entre les groupes « nègres », « moros nègres », « moros de Barberia nègres » et « moros nègres de Mondb arques ». En 1457, apparaît pour la première fois un « nègre de Guinea », groupe que l'on enregistre presque toujours dans les années suivantes, et c'est fréquemment le groupe le plus nombreux. En 1470, on enregistre pour la première fois le groupe des « nègres de Jaloff », et en 1461 le groupe des « moros nègres de Guinea ». L'apparition des origines « Guinea » et « Jaloff » est la conséquence de la traite maritime pratiquée par les Portugais dans l'Atlantique, ce qui est confirmé par la réduction substantielle du nombre d'esclaves noirs entrés dans les années 1474 à 1479 (à cause de la guerre entre le Portugal et la Castille) et par l'indication concrète de ce qu'un grand nombre des esclaves proviennent du Portugal.
The contemporary State and the traditions of tribal State system. Case study of Uganda and Buganda
Authors: Szupejko Magorzata 
Published: December 2013

Dans l'analyse du phénomène de l'échec de l'intégration nationale en Ouganda, l'auteur considère comme les plus significatives les causes suivantes : 1) la coexistence au sein d'une unité politique coloniale de structures sociales et politiques de divers degrés de complexité et de développement culturel ; 2) la diversité du développement des sociétés précoloniales favorisant d'une manière naturelle, dès le début de la colonisation, les sociétés politiquement centralisées par rapport aux sociétés segmentaires — en raison de leur fonction dans l'État colonial ; 3) parmi les sociétés centralisées, les Baganda avaient la possibilité de jouer des rôles sociaux considérables au sein de la nouvelle société coloniale — grâce à leur plus grande mobilité verticale ; au contraire par exemple des Ankole, qui avaient une structure traditionnelle en castes. Les modèles de carrière personnelle chez les Baganda ont entraîné une acceptation générale du modèle imposé de développement culturel et économique de la colonisation. En effet, la nouvelle stratification sociale en formation était liée aux divisions ethniques ; 4) avec l'indépendance, ces partages n'ont pas perdu leur importance, mais les Baganda ont perdu leur domination politique au profit des groupes ethniques nilotiques qui dominent l'armée. Dans cette situation toutes les actions de l'appareil d'État contre ces nouvelles formes de séparatisme socio-ethnique en détruisant les formes institutionnelles de l'intégration au niveau du groupe ethnique n'ont pas détruit l'identification au niveau de l'individu — mais ils ont aiguisé les conflits internes et ont affaibli l'intégration au niveau de l'État.
La politique d'intégration au niveau de l'État a démontré son inefficacité dans le cas : — de la domination d'un groupe ethnique (programme de Kabaka) ; — de l'intégration intertribale, réalisée par des moyens politiques (programme d'Obote) ; — de la domination de l'armée (programme d'Amin, réalisé par la force).
Migration et soins périnataux : une approche transculturelle de la rencontre soignants/soignés
Authors: Gabai Nina , Furtos Jean , Maggi-Perpoint Caterina , Gansel Yannis , Danet François , Monloubou Céline , Taieb Olivier , Sturm Gesine , Moro Marie Rose 
Published: December 2013

Nous présentons une recherche qualitative longitudinale qui explore, à travers le discours des femmes migrantes (n = 4) et des soignants de la maternité (n = 10), les mécanismes impliqués dans cette rencontre soignants/soignées au cours de la période périnatale. Notre travail montre que cette rencontre a lieu sur le mode de l’hypermédicalisation des soins, permettant une certaine contenance psychique. Elle comporte aussi le risque de favoriser le déni des affects et de l’histoire singulière des patientes, laissant émerger de nombreux stéréotypes autour de la culture d’origine. En manifestant leur intérêt pour la singularité de leur patiente, les soignants peuvent participer à l’émergence de compétences métissées, favorisant l’établissement d’une relation harmonieuse entre la mère, son bébé et l’entourage.
Use of Provider-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Adult Smokers in the United States: Comparison from the 2002 and 2007 NHIS Survey
Authors: Hamm Eric , Muramoto Myra L. , Howerter Amy , Floden Lysbeth , Govindarajan Lubna 
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To provide a snapshot of provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (pbCAM) use among adult smokers and assess the opportunity for these providers to deliver tobacco cessation interventions. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Surveys. Setting. Nationally representative sample. Subjects. A total of 54,437 (31,044 from 2002; 23,393 from 2007) adults 18 years and older. Measures. The analysis focuses on 10 types of pbCAM, including acupuncture, Ayurveda, biofeedback, chelation therapy, chiropractic care, energy therapy, folk medicine, hypnosis, massage, and naturopathy. Analysis. The proportions of current smokers using any pbCAM as well as specific types of pbCAM in 2002 and 2007 are compared using SAS SURVEYLOGISTIC. Results. Between 2002 and 2007, the percentage of recent users of any pbCAM therapy increased from 12.5% to 15.4% (p = .001). The largest increases occurred in massage, chiropractic, and acupuncture. Despite a decrease in the national average of current smokers (22.0% to 19.4%; p = .001), proportions of smokers within specific pbCAM disciplines remained consistent. Conclusion. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners, particularly those in chiropractic, acupuncture, and massage, represent new cohorts in the health care community to promote tobacco cessation. There is an opportunity to provide brief tobacco intervention training to CAM practitioners and engage them in public health efforts to reduce the burden of tobacco use in the United States.
Identifying Patients at Risk for High Medical Costs and Good Candidates for Obesity Intervention
Authors: Snider Julia Thornton , Bognar Katalin , Globe Denise , Ng-Mak Daisy , Sullivan Jeff , Summers Nicholas , Goldman Dana 
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To develop a risk-scoring tool to identify in a base year patients likely to have high medical spending in the subsequent year and to understand the role obesity and obesity reduction may play in mitigating this risk. Design. Cross-sectional analysis, using commercial claims and health risk assessment data. Setting. United States, 2004–2009. Subjects. Panel of 192,750 person-year observations from 116,868 unique working-age employees of large companies. Measures. Probability of high medical expenses (80th percentile or above) in the following year; adjusted body mass index (BMI). Analysis. Generate risk scores by modeling the likelihood of high next-year expenses as a function of base-year age, sex, medical utilization, comorbidities, and BMI. Estimate the effect of simulated bariatric intervention on patient risk scores. Results. Individuals with higher BMI were more likely to be categorized in the very high risk group, in which the average annual medical expense was $8621. A weight-loss intervention transitioning a patient to the next lower obesity class was predicted to reduce this risk by 1.5% to 27.4%—comparable to hypothetically curing a patient of depression or type 2 diabetes. Conclusion. A logistic model was used to capture the effect of BMI on the risk of high future medical spending. Weight-loss interventions for obese patients may generate significant savings by reducing this risk.
Translating diversity to Internet governance
Authors: Napoli Philip M. , Karppinen Kari 
Published: December 2013

This paper examines the emergence of diversity as a guiding principle of Internet governance. This paper compares how diversity is being interpreted and applied in Internet governance discourse and related research with its interpretation and application in traditional communications policy-making and policy research. As this paper illustrates, a somewhat more narrow conceptualization of diversity has developed within the Internet governance context than has been the case in traditional communications policy contexts. This pattern is also reflected in Internet governance-related diversity research to date. To some extent, the Internet governance conceptualization of the diversity principle is becoming diffused into other related policy principles (e.g., access, localism), which may undermine its significance as a guiding principle of Internet governance.
Modern Physics versus Objectivism
Authors: Gibson Warren C. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Leonard Peikoff and David Harriman have denounced modern physics as incompatible with Objectivist metaphysics and epistemology. Physics, they say, must return to a Newtonian viewpoint; much of relativity theory must go, along with essentially all of quantum mechanics, string theory, and modern cosmology. In their insistence on justifications in terms of “physical nature,” they cling to a macroscopic worldview that doesn't work in the high-velocity arena of relativity or the subatomic level of quantum mechanics. It is suggested that the concept of identity be widened to accommodate the probabilistic nature of quantum phenomena.
Violence in John Steinbeck
Authors: Mumford James 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Suicides; domestic violence; lynching; botched abortions; fraternal beatings; heroes who boast about knocking people’s heads “plumb to squash” (The Grapes of Wrath, 28) merely a cursory glance at Steinbeck’s writing reveals the central presence of violence. Brutal force is never far from the surface of a Steinbeck story. Here I want to argue that there exists a deep tension between two different “presentations” of violence. One which naturalizes violence. The other according to which violence remains aberration, absolute wrong, that which should not be. These two presentations are in competition, vying with each other for control of his texts. You may share the academy’s historic disdain for Steinbeck’s style. Or you may agree with Kurt Vonnegut that “Holy smokes! Could he ever write!” (John Steinbeck: Centennial Reflections by American Writers 96). Either way, what is certain is that violence evokes some of his best writing.
Verbal Responses to Music Listening by Adult Nonmusicians
Authors: Larsen Catherine , Whitaker Nancy 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The central purpose of this research was to determine the nature of musically untrained adults’ verbal response to repeated hearings of music excerpts when asked questions that encouraged interpretive responses. Two specific research questions served as the basis for the investigation: What categories emerge from an analysis of verbal responses? How does the musical understanding represented by verbal responses compare to extant literature on the music listening of adult nonmusicians? Twelve adult nonmusicians ranging in age from 28 to 77 were interviewed individually after they had listened twice to six musical excerpts, followed by a repetition of the procedure after a one-week interval. A content analysis of their responses employed a grounded theory approach to generate a list of categories. Results indicate that participants responded across a range of musical, extramusical, affective, and preference categories, and that repeated hearings of selected pieces resulted in more detailed responses for several participants.
Organização social baseada na lógica de cadeia-rede para potencializar a exploração do açaí nativo na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira.
Authors: Paes-de-Souza Mariluce , Riva Fabiana Rodrigues , Silva Tania Nunes , Paes Diego Cristovão A. Souza 
Published: December 2013

DOI: 10.5902/198346598903 The present paper has the objective to expose a proposition of organization within a chain and network logic, aiming to potentiate the extraction of the Native Açaí Berry at the Western Brazilian Amazon rainforest. This exploratory study involves the municipalities of Porto Velho, Guajará-Mirim and Machadinho D’Oeste, at the Brazilian state of Rondônia, with primary data originating mostly from conservation areas at the lower Madeira River region. As a result, it was possible to infer that from the native Açai Berry, derives food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, for both local consumption and international markets. It was found that beyond Açai Berry plantations availability, the lower Madeira River provides better transport logistic, consumer market and greater possibility of interaction with middleman than most Açai production areas. As a conclusion, it is made a proposition of an organizational arrangement to strengthen the extrativist productive chain of the Native Açaí Berry, based on the network and chain logic, oriented towards an organization based upon social organizations, manufacturing regularization and marketing.
La recherche participative en CSSS-CAU
Authors: Suárez-Herrera José Carlos , White Deena , Battaglini Alex 
Published: December 2013

À la lumière des fondements conceptuels de la « théorie de l’acteur-réseau » (Callon, 1986; Latour, 2005), cet article développe une perspective innovatrice sur la pratique de la recherche participative en CSSS-CAU. Pour ce faire, nous montrerons comment certaines pratiques participatives associées à la recherche s’organisent graduellement sous forme de réseaux innovateurs de traduction des savoirs. Le cas du partenariat ARIMA, mis en oeuvre au Québec par le Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions, servira d’illustration. La configuration partenariale de ce réseau est associée à de nombreuses traductions potentiellement transformatrices, ce qui lui donne une perspective de recherche innovatrice qui se construit dans un contexte complexe de mobilisation des savoirs intersectoriels.
La recherche participative à l’aune de la mobilisation citoyenne
Authors: Fontan Jean-Marc , Longtin David , René Jean-François 
Published: December 2013

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser la portée de nouvelles formes de collaboration s’instaurant entre des acteurs sociaux et des chercheurs universitaires. Nous le ferons à partir d’une collaboration établie entre l’organisation Parole d’excluEs et un dispositif de recherche développé à l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) : l’Incubateur universitaire en innovation sociale. Après avoir présenté le processus ayant conduit à ce partenariat et la nature de ce dernier, l’article répondra à trois questions portant sur 1) les spécificités de la méthode de recherche-intervention développée par l’Incubateur universitaire Parole d’excluEs; 2) les formes et les limites de l’implication citoyenne dans le processus de recherche mené par l’Incubateur, et enfin; 3) l’impact de ce type de coproduction des connaissances sur les enjeux auxquels la société québécoise est confrontée pour lutter efficacement contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion.
Sea level rise and its coastal impacts
Authors: Cazenave Anny , Cozannet Gonéri Le 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGlobal warming in response to accumulation of human‐induced greenhouse gases inside the atmosphere has already caused several visible consequences, among them increase of the Earth's mean temperature and ocean heat content, melting of glaciers, and loss of ice from the Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets. Ocean warming and land ice melt in turn are causing sea level to rise. Sea level rise and its impacts on coastal zones have become a question of growing interest in the scientific community, as well as in the media and public. In this review paper, we summarize the most up‐to‐date knowledge about sea level rise and its causes, highlighting the regional variability that superimposes the global mean rise. We also present sea level projections for the 21st century under different warming scenarios. We next address the issue of the sea level rise impacts. We question whether there is already observational evidence of coastal impacts of sea level rise and highlight the fact that results differ from one location to another. This suggests that the response of coastal systems to sea level rise is highly dependent on local natural and human settings. We finally show that in spite of remaining uncertainties about future sea levels and related impacts, it becomes possible to provide preliminary assessment of regional impacts of sea level rise.