bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Composition of Kwermin Design
Authors: Eggertsson Sveinn 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper is about designs placed on house‐boards, shields and drums in the Min cultural sphere of Papua New Guinea. It is argued that the shields and drums can be understood as extensions of the Taro Mother ritual house built in the last of seven male initiation rituals performed in the area. The drum grows taro like the ritual house grows men, the shield attracts ancestral support to warriors like the façade of the ritual house attracts ancestral benevolence to the novices inside. In order to accomplish this the objects, and importantly their designs, are imbued with qualities considered agreeable to the ancestral spirits. It is suggested that as much as these qualities can be understood as part of the visual aspect of the designs, they are also, and importantly so, inherent in the substances used in their composition.
Pollapese Catholicism as Strategy
Authors: Flinn Juliana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIndigenous groups creatively incorporate outside institutions, including Christianity, for local purposes. Furthermore, people who see themselves as observing tradition may also construe themselves as being Christian and citizens of a nation. Despite the original external origins of Christianity, meaning becomes locally constructed and asserted for local purposes so that religion as practiced is about local, regional, or national concerns rather than commitment to particular dogmas, institutions, and hierarchy. A case in point are the people of Pollap in the Caroline Islands of Micronesia, who converted to Christianity in the middle of the twentieth century through the efforts of a Catholic catechist. Today the islanders practice a vibrant version of Catholicism in which local symbols and beliefs infuse imported Catholic ritual, and in which biblical verses and imagery support secular, political strategies. Pollapese seem less concerned with theology and more with behavior that demonstrates good character. As they attempt to exploit and reconcile potentially conflicting guides for behavior from the realms of religion, tradition, and government, they make strategic use of their understandings of Catholicism's dictates for political and social purposes.
The stability of cylindrin β‐barrel amyloid oligomer models—A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Berhanu Workalemahu M. , Hansmann Ulrich H. E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSmall‐soluble amyloid oligomers are believed to play a significant role in the pathology of amyloid diseases. Recently, the atomic structure of a toxic oligomer formed by an 11 residue and its tandem repeat was found to have an out‐off register antiparallel β‐strands in the shape of a β‐barrel. In the present article we investigate the effect of mutations in the hydrophobic cores on the structure and dynamic of the β‐barrels using all atom multiple molecular dynamics simulations with an explicit solvent. Extending previous experiments with molecular dynamics simulations we systematically test how stability and formation of cylindrin depends on the interplay between hydrophobicity and steric effects of the core residues. We find that strong hydrophobic interactions between geometrically fitting residues keep the strands (both in register and out‐off‐register interface) in close proximity, which in turn stabilizes the side‐chain and main‐chain hydrogen bonds, and the salt bridges on the outer surface along the weak out‐of‐register interface. Our simulations also indicate presence of water molecules in the hydrophobic interior of the cylindrin β‐barrel.Proteins 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial bioadhesion on medical glass packaging materials investigated by dynamic contact angle measurements
Authors: Köhler Oliver , Müller Christine , Hermsdörfer Anne , Röhl Holger , Ziegler Christiane 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGlass is one of the most important materials in medical packaging. Protein adsorption at the glass walls leads to loss of the active substance in the glass vials and thus to high costs for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular in the case of expensive drugs. Thus more knowledge about the basic mechanisms and the involved parameters in protein interaction with glass surfaces is desirable. In this context, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen (FIB), and lysozyme (LYS) on typical glass surfaces (borosilicate glass, quartz glass) was investigated by dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements as a function of pH value. DCA allows the determination of the relative amount of adsorbed protein and of the reversibility of the adsorption process. It will be shown that the amount of adsorbed protein is governed by electrostatics on quartz glass while on borosilicate glass no influence of the pH value (and hence the electrostatics) can be seen. This can be explained by the different surface composition which has apparently an important influence on the adsorption process. In addition it could be determined that on both glass surfaces, none of the investigated proteins shows a complete reversibility of the adsorption process, i.e., desorption is never complete. In conclusion the interaction with glass surfaces cannot be generalized but electrostatics play a major role and thus the interaction of proteins with glass surfaces may be changed by shifting the pH value of the solutions or the isoelectric point (IEP) of the surfaces.
Virological and immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1
Authors: Satou Yorifumi , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) was the first retrovirus shown to cause human disease, such as adult T‐cell leukemia and HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy/tropic spastic paraparesis. HTLV‐1 mainly infects CD4 T cells and deregulates their differentiation, function and homeostasis, which should contribute to the pathogenesis of HTLV‐1, for example, inducing transformation of infected CD4 T cells and chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, not only virological approach but also immunological approach regarding CD4 T cells are required to understand how HTLV‐1 causes related human diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the interaction between HTLV‐1 and the main host cell, CD4 T cells, which should provide us some clue to the mechanisms of HTLV‐1 mediated pathogenesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overlapping nuclei segmentation using direction‐based flow tracking
Authors: Surut Yunyong , Phukpattaranont Pornchai 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn medical image processing, the segmentation of overlapping nuclei is one of the challenging topics, which relates to its application in diagnostic pathology. To achieve the quantification accuracy (ACC) of the diagnosis, we propose an overlapping nuclei segmentation algorithm using the principle of direction‐based flow tracking (DBFT). The DBFT, which consists of direction field preparation and direction field tracking, is performed to provide the direction field and the labeled distinct single nucleus. Its performance is validated with 6375 nuclei from 29 images and compared with two popular overlapping objects segmentation methods, i.e., traditional watershed (TWS) and marker‐controlled watershed (MCWS). While the sensitivity (SS) of the DBFT, TWS, and MCWS is 0.981, 0.990, and 0.966, respectively, and the corresponding positive predictive value (PPV) is 0.948, 0.831, and 0.910. The ACC values and F1 measures obtained from the combination of SS and PPV are used as the total performance measures. While the ACC values from DBFT, TWS, and MCWS are 0.930, 0.824, and 0.882, respectively, the corresponding F1 measures are 0.964, 0.904, and 0.937. The results clearly show that the DBFT is the best among three methods because it provides the maximum numbers on both ACC and F1 values. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Culture and negotiation
Authors: Bangert David C. , Pirzada Kahkashan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNegotiation has three elements: predisposing factors, process, and outcomes. Process is the art and outcomes is the science of negotiation. Culture adds a new consideration that affects each element. Culture's effects on negotiation are studied using Geert Hofstede's dimensional model of culture. The negotiation process and Hofstede's culture model are combined in four settings. The settings are defined by two factors, if the negotiation is within or between cultures and the role of the participant as a negotiator or intervener. The predicted effects of culture on the process and outcome are detailed for each setting. Then the outcomes of the negotiation decision are discussed in terms of Hofstede's model, especially “Uncertainty Avoidance” and “Masculinity‐Femininity” dimensions. Culture clearly influences each aspect of negotiation. Understanding culture can make the participants more effective negotiators and interveners.
Minor Components in Canola Oil and Effects of Refining on These Constituents: A Review
Authors: Ghazani Saeed Mirzaee , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCrude canola oil is composed mainly of triacylglycerols but contains considerable amounts of desirable and undesirable minor components. Crude canola oil is refined in order to remove undesirable minor compounds that make this oil unusable in food products. However, refining can also cause the removal of desirable health‐promoting minor components from the oil. The first section of this review describes the chemical composition of canola oil, followed by a brief introduction to the effects of minor components on canola oil quality and stability. Following a review of traditional canola oil refining methods, the effects of individual refining stages on the removal of both desirable and undesirable components from canola oil are presented and contrasted with other common vegetable oils.
Loss of runt‐related transcription factor 3 induces gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Horiguchi Shigeru , Shiraha Hidenori , Nagahara Teruya , Kataoka Jyunnro , Iwamuro Masaya , Matsubara Minoru , Nishina Shinichi , Kato Hironari , Takaki Akinobu , Nouso Kazuhiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Ichimura Koichi , Yagi Takahito , Yamamoto Kazuhide 
Published: April 2013

Background & AimRunt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a tumor suppressor gene that is expressed in gastric and other cancers including pancreatic cancer. However, the precise function of RUNX3 in pancreatic cancer has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of decreased RUNX3 expression in pancreatic cancer.MethodsThis study included 36 patients with primary pancreatic cancer, who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. All patients were treated with 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine after the surgery.The pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC‐1, MIAPaCa‐2, BxPC‐3, SUIT‐2, and KLM‐1 were used for immunoblotting analysis of RUNX3 and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) expressions. Ectopic RUNX3 expression was achieved by cDNA transfection of the cells, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RUNX3 was used to knock down endogenous RUNX3. Cell growth in the presence of gemcitabine was assessed using the MTT assay.ResultsPatients with RUNX3‐positive and RUNX3‐negative pancreatic cancer had a median survival of 1006 and 643 days, respectively. Exogenous RUNX3 expression reduced the expression of MRP1, MRP2, and MRP5 in endogenous RUNX3‐negative cells, whereas RUNX3 siRNA increased the expressions of these genes in endogenous RUNX3‐positive cells. Exogenous RUNX3 expression decreased gemcitabine IC50 in RUNX3‐negative cells.ConclusionLoss of RUNX3 expression contributes to gemcitabine resistance by inducing MRP expression, thereby resulting in poor patient survival.
Hydrogeochemical peculiarities of the composition of nitric thermal waters in the Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Plyusnin A.M. , Zamana L.V. , Shvartsev S.L. , Tokarenko O.G. , Chernyavskii M.K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The chemical, gas, and isotopic compositions of nitric thermal waters in the Baikal Rift Zone are considered. It is shown that the behavior of sulfate and carbonate ions in hydrothermal systems is different, which indicates that they are of two different origins. The studied thermal waters are of five chemical types formed in different geologic conditions. Special attention is given to the genesis of hydrotherms, the geologic and geomorphologic conditions of their recharge, and their equilibrium with rocks. It has been established that most of chemical elements of the waters migrated from rocks, but a significant portion of them is bound by secondary minerals, which results in their deep differentiation, accumulation, or precipitation. Thus, the so-called redundant elements appear, which were earlier considered to be of mantle origin.
Laser requirements for a laser fusion energy power plant
Authors: Bodner Stephen E. , Schmitt Andrew J. , Sethian John D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe will review some of the requirements for a laser that would be used with a laser fusion energy power plant, including frequency, spatial beam smoothing, bandwidth, temporal pulse shaping, efficiency, repetition rate, and reliability. The lowest risk and optimum approach uses a krypton fluoride gas laser. A diode-pumped solid-state laser is a possible contender.
Beam positioning stability analysis on large laser facilities
Authors: Liu Fang , Liu Zhigang , Zheng Liunian , Huang Hongbiao , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBeam positioning stability in a laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facility is a vital problem that needs to be fixed. Each laser beam in the facility is transmitted in lots of optics for hundreds of meters, and then targeted in a micro-sized pellet to realize controllable fusion. Any turbulence in the environment in such long-distance propagation would affect the displacement of optics and further result in beam focusing and positioning errors. This study concluded that the errors on each of the optics contributed to the target, and it presents an efficient method of enhancing the beam stability by eliminating errors on error-sensitive optics. Optimizations of the optical system and mechanical supporting structures are also presented.
Lateral controls on grounding-line dynamics
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Kowal Katarzyna N. , Hasenclever Leonard Q. , Worster M. Grae 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a theoretical and experimental study of viscous gravity currents introduced at the surface of a denser inviscid fluid layer of finite depth inside a vertical Hele-Shaw cell. Initially, the viscous fluid floats on the inviscid fluid, forming a self-similar, buoyancy-driven current resisted predominantly by the viscous stresses due to shear across the width of the cell. Once the viscous current contacts the base of the cell, the flow can be considered in two regions: a grounded region in which the current lies in full contact with the base; and a floating region. The subsequent advance of the grounding line separating these regions is shown to be controlled by the thickening of the current associated with balancing the local shear stresses. An understanding of the flow transitions is developed using asymptotic and numerical analysis of a model based on lubrication theory.
TILLAGE AND PLANTING METHODS EFFECTS ON YIELD, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF SOYBEAN–WHEAT SYSTEM ON A LOAMY SAND SOIL
Authors: RAM HARI , SINGH YADVINDER , SAINI K. S. , KLER D. S. , TIMSINA J. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYContinuous rice–wheat (RW) cropping with intensive tillage has resulted in land degradation and inefficient use of water in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia. Replacement of rice with less water requiring crops such as soybean in RW system and identification of effective strategies for tillage management could result in sustainable cropping system in IGP. A field experiment was conducted for five years on an annual soybean–wheat (SW) rotation in the northwest IGP of India to evaluate effect of tillage, raised bed planting and straw mulch on yield, soil properties, water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability. In soybean, straw mulch reduced soil temperature at seeding depth by about 2.5 °C compared with no mulch. Straw mulch also resulted in slightly reduced water use and slightly higher WUE relative to their respective unmulched treatments. During wheat emergence, raised beds resulted in higher soil temperature by 1.6 °C compared with flat treatments. Bulk density and cumulative infiltration were greater in no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. Soil organic carbon in surface layer increased significantly after five years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat yields were similar under different treatments during all the years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat planted on raised beds recorded about 17% and 23% higher WUE, respectively, than in flat layout. The net returns from SW system were greater in no-tillage and permanent raised beds than with conventional tillage. Both no-tillage and permanent raised bed technologies can be adopted for sustainable crop production in SW rotation in northwest IGP. However, more studies are required representing different soil types and climate conditions for making recommendations for other regions of IGP.
Mantetsu Democracy
Authors: O'DWYER EMER 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Mantetsu Employees' Association, founded in 1926 by a group of elite university-educated employees of the South Manchuria Railway Company, was an organization of unprecedented scope and vision which provided for the development of a limited form of self-government by the Japanese in the Kwantung Leasehold and Rail Zone during Japan's occupation of northeast China. Its founding principles resembled the ideological tenets of the metropole's movement of Taishō Democracy which had since the post-Russo-Japanese War energized supporters of widened popular access to the job of national governance. This paper traces how the Mantetsu Employees' Association reflected the political zeitgeist of post World War I metropolitan society whilst simultaneously developing in response to heightened Chinese nationalism in the northeast throughout the 1920s. It shows how the Association encompassed a wide range of employee ambitions—from increased involvement in imperial decision-making to labour advocacy on behalf of the Company's lowest-ranking Japanese workers to a critique of colonial policy as dictated by Tokyo's political parties. The paper introduces key Association players and their ideas as a means of questioning the nature of democracy in an imperial setting.
Antecedents of self-regulation in driving among older drivers
Authors: CARMEL SARA , RECHAVI TALYA B. , BEN-MOSHE YOSEFA 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMaintaining quality of life and wellbeing into advanced age is a major challenge to societies. Driving is one factor contributing to an ageing individual's independence. Understanding antecedents of driving-related self-regulation is important for designing interventions to preserve safe driving in old age. This paper reports on a study that investigated factors associated with two forms of self-regulation in driving (SRD) – avoidance of difficult driving conditions and voluntary cessation of driving – in a sample of 860 Israeli drivers aged 70 and over. We examined roles of health, vision, driving experience, driving-related self-efficacy (DRSE) and global self-esteem in SRD. Health and DRSE had direct effects on SRD, and effects of vision and driving experience were mediated by DRSE. Participants who had ceased driving were older, with poorer vision and health, and less driving confidence and experience than active drivers. Statistical analyses demonstrated that SRD is affected by a reduced sense of confidence due to an initial lower level of driving experience, compounded by deteriorating vision, and that older drivers are sensitive to factors affecting their ability to drive safely. Our results demonstrate that older drivers tend to self-regulate their driving. Programmes for older adults can be introduced for diagnosing driving capabilities, improving skills and confidence, and/or helping to develop self-regulation habits of avoiding driving in difficult conditions, and assisting drivers who must adjust to driving cessation.
Ethylenediamine as a bridging ligand: structure solution of two cadmium(II)-based coordination polymers from powder diffraction data
Authors: Putaj Piotr , Gaweł Bartłomiej , Łasocha Wiesław 
Published: April 2013

Structures of [Cd(C2H8N2)Cl2]n(1) and [Cd(C2H8N2)Br2]n(2) were solved from powder diffraction data. Compound (1) crystallizes in the space group Pbam (No. 55), a = 9.9021(7) Å, b = 7.8186(6) Å, c = 4.0705(3) Å, V = 315.13(3) Å3, Z = 2. (2) is isostructural: space group Pbam (No. 55), a = 10.405(2) Å, b = 7.8634(8) Å, c = 4.2079(5) Å, V = 344.28(6) Å3, Z = 2. The investigated compounds are examples of two-dimensional hybrid coordination polymers, in which neighboring metal centers are bridged via both organic and inorganic moieties: ethylenediamine molecules and halide anions. Both crystal structures were solved ab initio from powder data using direct methods.
Microbeam Analysis Society Presidential Message
Authors: Marinenko Ryna 
Published: April 2013

Dear Colleagues,As we move toward the twenty-first century, the Microbeam Analysis
Society is going through a few changes, mostly for economic reasons. MAS
is not a large society, yet it is healthy due to the strong support of
members who believe that microanalysis needs its own venue for communication,
education, and growth. I want to thank all those people who contributed to
MAS, who through the years, from its beginnings more than thirty years ago
to the present, have donated their time and energy to bringing the society
to its mature position today. Thanks to these members, MAS exhibits the
ultimate in scientific professionalism and fiscal integrity which makes me
very proud to be a participant.
CT-based post-implant dosimetry for I-125 prostate brachytherapy: a multi-centre audit in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Hayman O. , Palmer A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and purposeTo assess the reliability of post-implant CT (PICT) dosimetry for I-125 prostate seed brachytherapy by investigating the variation between centres in performing PICT through a multi-centre audit.Materials and methodsComputerised tomography data sets from four I-125 prostate brachytherapy patients were circulated to nine participating centres. Centres followed local protocol for PICT outlining and seed identification, dosimetry for D90, V100 and V150 for the prostate was reported. Outlines were compared to determine the variation in: quality parameters (D90, V100 and V150), dose-volume histograms and approach to PICT dosimetry between the centres.ResultsThere was significant variation in the prostate outlines drawn by the nine centres; for a prostate with mean volume 43 cm3, the range was 39–57 cm3 which led to variations of D90 of 119–154 Gy (mean 140 Gy) and V100 of 80–93% (mean of 88%). Using automatic seedfinder software reduced discrepancies between centres identifying seeds; overall consistency in seed location was good.ConclusionsThere was a significant uncertainty in the outlining of the prostate volume for PICT dosimetry with an uncertainty value of around ± 20 Gy on D90. PICT is a valuable technique but its accuracy and consistency limitations must be appreciated.