bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy for modeling flow diverters in cerebral aneurysms as a porous medium
Authors: Raschi M. , Mut F. , Löhner R. , Cebral J.R. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYSimulations using the patient‐specific geometry of the aneurysm may help in a better planning of the treatment and in a consequent reduction of the associated risks. We propose, evaluate, and implement a methodology for the simulation of flow diverter (FD) devices in intracranial aneurysms by using a porous medium method (PMM), which greatly reduces the computational cost of these simulations compared with immersed method (IMM) approaches used to model complex FDs. The method relies on parameters from an empirical correlation derived from experimental observations in wire screens, consistent with CFD simulations. The verification of our PMM strategy was carried out by comparing the results of simulations in different (patient‐specific) geometries and FDs, to those obtained under identical conditions by the IMM. Overall, both quantitative and qualitative results are consistent between IMM and PMM in cases where the local porosity remains roughly uniform throughout the neck, with differences in the reduction of the observables lower than 10%. This PMM strategy is up to 10 times faster than the IMM, which allows for a runtime of hours instead of days, bringing it closer for its application in the clinic. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rivaroxaban crushed tablet suspension characteristics and relative bioavailability in healthy adults when administered orally or via nasogastric tube
Authors: Moore Kenneth T. , Krook Mark A. , Vaidyanathan Seema , Sarich Troy C. , Damaraju C. V. , Fields Larry E. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeBecause some patients have difficulty swallowing a whole tablet, we investigated the relative bioavailability of a crushed 20 mg rivaroxaban tablet and of 2 alternative crushed tablet dosing strategies.MethodsStability and nasogastric (NG) tube adsorption characteristics of a crushed rivaroxaban tablet were assessed. Then, in 55 healthy adults, relative bioavailability of rivaroxaban administered orally as a whole tablet (Reference [Whole‐Oral]), crushed tablet in applesauce suspension (Crushed‐Oral), or crushed tablet in water suspension via NG tube (Crushed‐NG) were determined.ResultsThere were no significant changes in mean percent of non‐degraded rivaroxaban recovered over 4 hours from crushed tablet suspensions (>98.4% recovery across all suspensions and time points) or after NG tube exposure (recovery: 99.1% for silicone and 98.9% for polyvinyl chloride NG tubes). Relative bioavailability was similar between Crushed‐Oral and Reference dosing (Cmax and AUC∞ were within the 80–125% bioequivalence limits). Relative bioavailability was also similar between the Crushed‐NG and Reference dosing (AUC∞ was within bioequivalence limits; Cmax [90% CI range: 78.5–85.8%] was only slightly below the 80% lower bioequivalence limit).ConclusionsA crushed rivaroxaban tablet was stable and when administered orally or via NG tube, displayed similar relative bioavailability compared to a whole tablet administered orally.
Anomalous Behavior in the Crossover between the Negative and Positive Biaxial Nematic Mesophases in a Lyotropic Liquid Crystal
Authors: Akpinar Erol , Reis Dennys , Figueiredo Neto Antonio M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA novel quaternary lyotropic liquid‐crystalline mixture of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DDTMABr)/sodium bromide/1‐dodecanol/water, presenting the biaxial nematic phase (NB) in addition to two uniaxial discotic (ND) and calamitic (NC) nematic ones, was synthesized. The partial phase diagram of this new mixture was constructed as a function of the DDTMABr molar‐fraction concentration. The phase transitions from uniaxial to biaxial nematic phases were studied by means of the temperature dependence of the optical birefringence. In a particular region of the phase diagram, anomalous behavior was observed in the crossover from${N_{\rm{B}}^ - }$to${N_{\rm{B}}^ + :}$the contrast of the conoscopic fringes, which allows the birefringence measurements, almost vanishes, and the sample loses its alignment. This behavior, which was not observed before in lyotropics, was interpreted as a decrease in the mean diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropy (Δχ) of the sample, which was related to the shape anisotropy of the micelles. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements were performed to evaluate the micellar shape anisotropy; these revealed that this mixture presented a smaller shape anisotropy than those of other lyotropic micellar systems presenting theNBphase.
A Metal‐Free, Carbon‐Based Catalytic System for the Oxidation of Lignin Model Compounds and Lignin
Authors: Gao Yongjun , Zhang Jiaguang , Chen Xi , Ma Ding , Yan Ning 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNitrogen‐containing graphene material (LCN) has been identified as an effective catalyst for the oxidation of β‐O‐4 and α‐O‐4 types of lignin model compounds in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, to provide aromatic aldehydes, acids and other organic chemicals in high yield. The transformations of five lignin model compounds over LCN were investigated systematically. Instrumentation analysis, kinetic study and radical trapping experiments highlight the mechanistic features of the reaction, including: 1) the reaction pathway starts by benzylic CH or COH bond activation, followed by CαCβ or CαO bond cleavage, and finally further oxidation of intermediate aromatics; and 2) the reaction follows a free‐radical mechanism with all the key steps involving radical species. In addition, the LCN proved to be a highly stable catalyst; no significant activity decrease was observed for four consecutive runs, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates negligible decrease in the content of the active nitrogen species in the catalyst. Notably, this new catalytic system can be extended to the oxidative depolymerisation of real lignin, to produce a significant portion of liquefied, low‐molecular‐mass products.
Drive for activity in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Sternheim Lot , Danner Unna , Adan Roger , van Elburg Annemarie 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveHyperactivity and elevated physical activity are both considered symptom characteristics of anorexia nervosa (AN). It has been suggested that a drive for activity (DFA) may underlie these expressions, yet research into DFA in AN remains scant. This study investigated DFA levels in patients with AN and its relation to AN severity. Furthermore, as physical exercise may be a way to reduce negative affect, the influence of negative affect (anxiety) on the role of DFA in AN was tested.MethodTwo hundred and forty female patients with AN completed measures for DFA, eating disorder (ED) pathology, anxiety, and clinical parameters.ResultsA strong relation between DFA levels and ED pathology was found, which remained significant even after controlling for negative affect (anxiety).DiscussionAfter much theorizing about DFA in AN this study provides empirical evidence for DFA as a hallmark feature of AN, independent of anxiety levels. Future research should shed light on the relationships between DFA, actual physical activity, and the course of AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:42–45)
On estimation and identifiability issues of sex‐linked inheritance with a case study of pigmentation in Swiss barn owl (Tyto alba)
Authors: Larsen Camilla T. , Holand Anna M. , Jensen Henrik , Steinsland Ingelin , Roulin Alexandre 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGenetic evaluation using animal models or pedigree‐based models generally assume only autosomal inheritance. Bayesian animal models provide a flexible framework for genetic evaluation, and we show how the model readily can accommodate situations where the trait of interest is influenced by both autosomal and sex‐linked inheritance. This allows for simultaneous calculation of autosomal and sex‐chromosomal additive genetic effects. Inferences were performed using integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA), a nonsampling‐based Bayesian inference methodology. We provide a detailed description of how to calculate the inverse of the X‐ or Z‐chromosomal additive genetic relationship matrix, needed for inference. The case study of eumelanic spot diameter in a Swiss barn owl (Tyto alba) population shows that this trait is substantially influenced by variation in genes on the Z‐chromosome ( and ). Further, a simulation study for this study system shows that the animal model accounting for both autosomal and sex‐chromosome‐linked inheritance is identifiable, that is, the two effects can be distinguished, and provides accurate inference on the variance components.
Achieving a more realistic assessment of rockfall hazards by coupling three‐dimensional process models and field‐based tree‐ring data
Authors: Trappmann Daniel , Stoffel Markus , Corona Christophe 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSound knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of rockfalls is fundamental for the management of this very common hazard in mountain environments. Process‐based, three‐dimensional simulation models are nowadays capable of reproducing the spatial distribution of rockfall occurrences with reasonable accuracy through the simulation of numerous individual trajectories on highly‐resolved digital terrain models. At the same time, however, simulation models typically fail to quantify the ‘real’ frequency of rockfalls (in terms of return intervals). The analysis of impact scars on trees, in contrast, yields real rockfall frequencies, but trees may not be present at the location of interest and rare trajectories may not necessarily be captured due to the limited age of forest stands. In this article, we demonstrate that the coupling of modeling with tree‐ring techniques may overcome the limitations inherent to both approaches. Based on the analysis of 64 cells (40 m × 40 m) of a rockfall slope located above a 1631‐m long road section in the Swiss Alps, we illustrate results from 488 rockfalls detected in 1260 trees. We illustrate that tree impact data cannot only be used (i) to reconstruct the real frequency of rockfalls for individual cells, but that they also serve (ii) the calibration of the rockfall model Rockyfor3D, as well as (iii) the transformation of simulated trajectories into real frequencies. Calibrated simulation results are in good agreement with real rockfall frequencies and exhibit significant differences in rockfall activity between the cells (zones) along the road section. Real frequencies, expressed as rock passages per meter road section, also enable quantification and direct comparison of the hazard potential between the zones. The contribution provides an approach for hazard zoning procedures that complements traditional methods with a quantification of rockfall frequencies in terms of return intervals through a systematic inclusion of impact records in trees. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperconcentrated flows on a forested alluvial fan of eastern Canada: geomorphic characteristics, return period, and triggering scenarios
Authors: Ouellet Marie‐Audray , Germain Daniel 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe assessment of the dominant flow type on alluvial fans usually refers to two categories: debris‐flow fans (i.e. sediment gravity flows) and fluvial fans (i.e. fluid gravity flows). Here we report the results of combined morphometric, stratigraphic and sedimentological approaches which suggest that hyperconcentrated flows, a transitional process rheologically distinct from debris flows and floods and sometimes referred to as debris floods, mud floods, or transitional debris flows, are the dominant fan building process in eastern Canada. These flows produce transitional facies between those of debris flows which consist of a cohesive matrix‐supported diamicton, and those of river flows which display more distinct stratification. The size of the blocks in the channels and the abrasion scars at the base of several trees attest to the high transport capacity of these flows. The fan channels are routed according to various obstacles comprised primarily of woody debris that impede sediment transit. However, these conditions of sediment storage are combined with readily available sediment due to the friable nature of the local lithology. Tree‐ring analysis allowed the reconstruction of eight hydrogeomorphic events which are characterized by a return period of 9.25 years for the period 1934–2008, although most of the analyzed events occurred after 1970. Historical weather data analysis indicates that they were related to rare hydrometeorological events at regional and local scales. This evidence led to the elaboration of weather scenarios likely responsible for triggering flows on the fan. According to these scenarios, two distinct hydrologic regimes emerge: the torrential rainfall regime and the nival regime related to snowmelt processes. Hydrogeomorphic processes occurring in a cold‐temperate climate, and particularly on small forested alluvial fans of north‐eastern North America, should receive more attention from land managers given the hazard they represent, as well as because of their sensitivity to various meteorological parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biotransformation of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) by freshwater microalgae
Authors: Peng Fu-Qiang , Ying Guang-Guo , Yang Bin , Liu You-Sheng , Lai Hua-Jie , Zhou Guang-Jie , Chen Jun , Zhao Jian-Liang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant. However, little is known about its biotransformation by algae in aquatic environments. The authors investigated transformations of TBBPA by 6 freshwater green microalgae and identified its transformation products. Transformation experiments were conducted under axenic conditions in a laboratory for 10 d. The results showed that TBBPA could be transformed by the selected microalgae, with nearly complete removal by Scenedesmus quadricauda and Coelastrum sphaericum following 10-d incubation. Five transformation products were positively identified by mass spectrometry: TBBPA sulfate, TBBPA glucoside, sulfated TBBPA glucoside, TBBPA monomethyl ether, and tribromobisphenol-A. The mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of TBBPA include sulfation, glucosylation, O-methylation, and debromination, which could be an important step for its further degradation. This suggests that microalgae can play an important role in the fate of TBBPA in aquatic environments. The present study is the first report on algal transformation of TBBPA, and the proposed transformation products could have significant environmental implications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1705–1711. © 2014 SETAC
Effects of atrazine on endocrinology and physiology in juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch)
Authors: Kroon Frederieke J. , Hook Sharon E. , Jones Dean , Metcalfe Suzanne , Osborn Hannah L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Exposure to certain environmental contaminants such as agricultural pesticides can alter normal endocrine and reproductive parameters in wild fish populations. Recent studies have found widespread pesticide contamination across the rivers that discharge into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Potential impacts on native fish species exposed to known endocrine disrupting chemicals such as atrazine, simazine, and diuron have not been assessed. In the present study, the authors examined the endocrine and physiological effects of short-term, acute exposure of environmentally relevant concentrations of analytical grade atrazine in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in a controlled laboratory experiment. Expression of hepatic vitellogenin was not affected, supporting results of previous studies that showed that atrazine does not have a direct estrogenic effect via mediation of estrogen receptors. The lack of effect on brain cytochrome P19B (CYP19B) expression levels, combined with increases in testosterone (T) and 17β estradiol and a stable T:17β estradiol ratio, does not support the hypothesis that atrazine has an indirect estrogenic effect via modulation of aromatase expression. Gill ventilation rate, a measure of oxidative stress, did not change in contrast to other studies finding enhanced osmoregulatory disturbance and gill histopathology after atrazine exposure. To more closely reflect field conditions, the authors recommend that laboratory studies should focus more on examining the effects of commercial pesticide formulations that contain additional ingredients that have been found to be disruptive to endocrine function. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1607–1614. © 2014 SETAC
A self‐configured link adaptation for green LTE downlink transmission
Authors: Salman Mustafa Ismael , Ng Chee Kyun , Noordin Nor Kamariah , Ali Borhanuddin Mohd , Sali Aduwati 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGreen deployment for cellular eNodeBs has been proposed recently to save power and reduce the huge amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emitted by traditional power‐hungry base stations. Green eNodeBs should also be subjected to restrictions on high data rate and quality of service (QoS), which both entail a high level of power consumption. In this regard, this paper addresses the trade‐off between energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) in both traditional and green long‐term evolution eNodeBs without sacrificing the QoS. EE is proved to monotonically increase with SE in traditional macrocells and quasi‐concave in green macrocells. Accordingly, a new mapping between channel quality indicator and modulation and coding scheme is proposed to address EE–SE trade‐off with the use of a multi‐criteria decision‐making technique. Then, a self‐configured link adaptation (SCLA) algorithm is developed to ensure that the priority weights related to EE and SE are adapted according to network load with the use of real‐time cross‐layer optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed SCLA provides a significant gain in EE and 52% reduction of CO 2 while maintaining SE close to the optimal value. Current and next‐generation cellular networks require such interactive techniques in order to be self‐optimised without complex modifications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Fertility Control Policies Affect Health in Old Age? Evidence from China's One‐Child Experiment
Authors: Islam Asadul , Smyth Russell 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHow do fertility control policies contribute to the welfare of women, and their husbands, particularly as they get older? We consider whether the reduction in fertility resulting from population control policies has had any effect on the health of elderly parents in China. In particular, we examine the influence of this fertility decline, experienced due to China's one‐child policy, on several measures of the health of parents in middle and old age. Overall, our results suggest that having fewer children has a positive effect on self‐reported parental health but generally no effect on other measures of health. The results also suggest that upstream financial transfers have a positive effect on several measures of parental health. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the precision of the mean to estimate suitable sample sizes for monitoring total phosphorus in Australian catchments
Authors: Lessels Jason S. , Bishop Thomas F. A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe effect of the sample size on prediction quality is well understood. Recently, studies have assessed this relationship using near‐continuous water quality samples. However, this is rarely possible because of financial constraints, and therefore, many studies have relied on simulation‐based methods utilizing more affordable surrogates. A limitation of simulation‐based methods is the requirement of a good relationship, which is often not present. Therefore, catchment managers require a direct method to estimate the effect of sample size on the mean using historical water quality data. One measure of prediction quality is the precision with which a mean is estimated; this is the focus of this work. By characterizing the effect of sample size on the precision of the mean, it is possible for catchment managers to adjust the sample size in relation to both the cost and the precision. Historical data are often sparse and generally collected using several different sampling schemes, all without inclusion probabilities. This means that an approach is needed to obtain unbiased estimates of the variance of the mean using a model‐based approach. With the use of total phosphorus data from 17 sub‐catchments in southeastern Australia, the ability of a model‐based approach to estimate the effect of sample size on the precision of event and base‐flow mean concentrations. The results showed that for estimating annual base‐flow mean concentration, little gain in precision was achieved above 12 observations per year. Sample sizes greater than 12 samples per event improved event‐based estimates; however, the inclusion of more than 12 samples per event did not greatly reduce the event mean concentration uncertainties. The precision of the base‐flow estimates was most correlated to percentage urban cover, whereas the precision of the event mean estimates was most correlated with catchment size. The method proposed in this work could be readily applied to other water quality variables and other monitoring sites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.