bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encounters with the moral economy of water: convergent evolution in Valencia
Authors: Trawick Paul , Ortega Reig Mar , Palau Salvador Guillermo 
Published: November 2013

This article presents the results of comparative fieldwork on the huerta of Valencia in Spain, a successful community‐managed irrigation system of medium scale, one governed collectively by thousands of small farmers organized into 10 autonomous but highly interdependent irrigator groups. The study tested a model identified previously in research on successful systems of much smaller scale in Peru, a set of principles of operation that, when affirmed by farmers and obeyed as collective‐choice rules, interact to create equity among water rights and transparency in water use in an unusual way. The authors show that a nearly identical set are at work in all 10 communities of Valencia, revealing the unique manner in which these work together to promote successful and sustainable cooperation, both within and between the user groups, and arguing that their presence in Spain and the Andes is indicative, not of diffusion from one continent to another, but of independent invention. These principles together laid the foundations for separate Andean and Islamic hydraulic traditions, which were often manifested locally in robust and equitable systems of the same general type, here called the moral economy of water. This kind of communal system appears to have emerged repeatedly, and often independently, in a great many other locales and settings throughout the world; its adaptive dynamics are shown to be of great relevance to small farmers today as they face the growing scarcity of water being induced by population growth and by climate change. WIREs Water 2014, 1:87–110. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1008This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Endoscopic Evaluation of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication: 89 % Success Rate 10 Years After Surgery
Authors: Neuvonen Perttu , Iivonen Mauri , Rantanen Tuomo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe surgical outcome of fundoplication can be evaluated by means of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS). The literature reveals only one prior long‐term follow‐up series with endoscopic evaluation of the fundoplication wraps after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). The results achieved at a university clinic showed LNF to be more durable than open fundoplication (ONF). Previously, in our community‐based hospital, the results of ONF were somewhat poorer than those achieved at a university clinic. The objective of the present study was to describe the long‐term results of LNF in our hospital as regards surgical and symptomatic outcomes.MethodsIn 1997–1999, 107 LNFs were performed in our hospital. A questionnaire with symptom evaluation was mailed to all patients. The patients who agreed to participate were interviewed and underwent EGDS.ResultsOf the 107 patients, 64 (59.8 %) participated in the study (40 men, mean age 61.9 years, range 28–85 years). The mean follow‐up time was 9.8 years. Seven endoscopic examinations (10.9 %) showed a defective fundic wrap; three of the patients had undergone reoperation. Fifty‐eight (90.6 %) patients had no or minimal heartburn and 61 (95.3 %) had no or minimal regurgitation. Twenty‐three (35.9 %) patients had moderate or severe dysphagia, and 43 (67.2 %) patients had moderate or severe flatulence. Fifty‐seven (89.1 %) patients would have opted for surgery again.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the previous notion that LNF is associated with fewer surgical failures than ONF. Our results indicate that LNF can well be performed in a community‐based hospital with acceptable long‐term results.
Assessment of Reportable Disease Incidence After Hurricane Sandy, New York City, 2012
Authors: Greene Sharon K. , Wilson Elisha L. , Konty Kevin J. , Fine Annie D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveHurricane Sandy's October 29, 2012 arrival in New York City caused flooding, power disruption, and population displacement. Infectious disease risk may have been affected by floodwater exposure, residence in emergency shelters, overcrowding, and lack of refrigeration or heating. For 42 reportable diseases that could have been affected by hurricane-related exposures, we developed methods to assess whether hurricane-affected areas had higher disease incidence than other areas of NYC.MethodsWe identified post-hurricane cases as confirmed, probable, or suspected cases with onset or diagnosis between October 30 and November 26 that were reported via routine passive surveillance. Pre-hurricane cases for the same 4-week period were identified in 5 prior years, 2007–2011. Cases were geocoded to the census tract of residence. Using data compiled by the NYC Office of Emergency Management, we determined (1) the proportion of the population in each census tract living in a flooded block and (2) the subset of flooded tracts severely “impacted”, e.g., by prolonged service outages or physical damage. A separate multivariable regression model was constructed for each disease, modeling the outcome of case counts using a negative binomial distribution. Independent variables were: neighborhood poverty; whether cases were pre- or post-hurricane (time); the proportion of the population flooded in impacted and not impacted tracts; and interaction terms between the flood/impact variables and time. Models used repeated measures to adjust for correlated observations from the same tract and an offset term of the log of the population size. Sensitivity analyses assessed the effects of case count fluctuations and accounted for variations in reporting volume by using an offset term of the log of total cases.ResultsOnly legionellosis was statistically significantly associated with increased occurrence in flooded/impacted areas post-hurricane, adjusting for baseline differences (P = .04). However, there was only 1 legionellosis case post-hurricane in a flooded/impacted area.ConclusionsHurricane Sandy did not appear to elevate reportable disease incidence in NYC. Defining and acquiring reliable data and meta-data regarding hurricane-affected areas was a challenge in the weeks post-storm. Relevant metrics could be developed during disaster preparedness planning. These methods to detect excess disease can be adapted for future emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:513-521)
Multimodal mechanism of action of allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
Authors: Jurado Kellie Ann , Engelman Alan 
Published: November 2013

Integrase (IN) is required for lentivirus replication and is a proven drug target for the prevention of AIDS in HIV-1-infected patients. While clinical strand transfer inhibitors disarm the IN active site, allosteric inhibition of enzyme activity through the disruption of IN–IN protein interfaces holds great therapeutic potential. A promising class of allosteric IN inhibitors (ALLINIs), 2-(quinolin-3-yl) acetic acid derivatives, engage the IN catalytic core domain dimerisation interface at the binding site for the host integration co-factor LEDGF/p75. ALLINIs promote IN multimerisation and, independent of LEDGF/p75 protein, block the formation of the active IN–DNA complex, as well as inhibit the IN–LEDGF/p75 interaction in vitro. Yet, rather unexpectedly, the full inhibitory effect of these compounds is exerted during the late phase of HIV-1 replication. ALLINIs impair particle core maturation as well as reverse transcription and integration during the subsequent round of virus infection. Recapitulating the pleiotropic phenotypes observed with numerous IN mutant viruses, ALLINIs provide insight into underlying aspects of IN biology that extend beyond its catalytic activity. Therefore, in addition to the potential to expand our repertoire of HIV-1 antiretrovirals, ALLINIs afford important structural probes to dissect the multifaceted nature of the IN protein throughout the course of HIV-1 replication.
Organized large structure in the post-transition mixing layer. Part 1. Experimental evidence
Authors: D’Ovidio A. , Coats C. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNew flow-visualization experiments on mixing layers of various velocity and density ratios are reported. It is shown that, in mixing layers developing from laminar initial conditions, the familiar mechanism of growth by vortex amalgamation is replaced at the mixing transition by a previously unrecognized mechanism in which the spanwise-coherent large structures individually undergo continuous linear growth. In the organized post-transition flow it is this continuous linear growth of the individual structures that produces the self-similar growth of the mixing-layer thickness, with the occasional interactions between neighbouring structures occurring as a consequence of their growth, not its cause. It is also observed that periods during which the post-transition mixing layer comprises orderly processions of large structures alternate with periods during which no large-scale organization is apparent downstream of the transition location. These two fully turbulent flow states are characterized by different growth rates, entrainment ratios and orientations of the mixing layer relative to the free streams. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Endoscopic transsphenoidal drainage of an aggressive petrous apex cholesterol granuloma: unusual complications and lessons learnt
Authors: Park K C , Wong G , Stephens J C , Saleh H A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectives:This case report describes the endoscopic transsphenoidal management of a cholesterol granuloma situated in a technically challenging part of the petrous apex, and the associated peri- and post-operative complications that arose. The literature on diagnosis and management of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas is reviewed.Method and results:Surgical intervention was attempted on three occasions, each time via an endoscopic, transsphenoidal approach with image guidance. The procedure was abandoned on the first occasion as there was a significant risk to the carotid artery; only a small drainage ostium was created because of the proximity of the carotid artery. The second attempt, complicated by copious bleeding from the clival venous plexus, was arrested prematurely. Successful drainage was achieved at the third attempt, but recovery was complicated by tension pneumocephalus.Conclusion:The transnasal route is less invasive than a lateral labyrinthine or cochlear approach, and spares cochlear and vestibular function. However, this approach is not without risk. It is important to consider the natural anatomical variance of vasculature when planning surgical intervention for a lesion situated in a technically challenging part of the petrous apex. Additional magnetic resonance venography is recommended to circumnavigate the venous plexus, thereby avoiding an unexpected breach.
A fern cultured from Antarctic glacier detritus
Authors: Smith R.I. Lewis 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA fem, Elaphoglossum hybridum (Bory) Brack., has been cultured from mineral sediment in cryoconite holes in the ice cap of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. Its provenance, mode of transport to its Maritime Antarctic destination and the significance of viable exotic propagules as potential colonists are discussed.
Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development
Authors: Ellis Bruce J. , Del Giudice Marco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHow do exposures to stress affect biobehavioral development and, through it, psychiatric and biomedical disorder? In the health sciences, the allostatic load model provides a widely accepted answer to this question: stress responses, while essential for survival, have negative long-term effects that promote illness. Thus, the benefits of mounting repeated biological responses to threat are traded off against costs to mental and physical health. The adaptive calibration model, an evolutionary–developmental theory of stress–health relations, extends this logic by conceptualizing these trade-offs as decision nodes in allocation of resources. Each decision node influences the next in a chain of resource allocations that become instantiated in the regulatory parameters of stress response systems. Over development, these parameters filter and embed information about key dimensions of environmental stress and support, mediating the organism's openness to environmental inputs, and function to regulate life history strategies to match those dimensions. Drawing on the adaptive calibration model, we propose that consideration of biological fitness trade-offs, as delineated by life history theory, is needed to more fully explain the complex relations between developmental exposures to stress, stress responsivity, behavioral strategies, and health. We conclude that the adaptive calibration model and allostatic load model are only partially complementary and, in some cases, support different approaches to intervention. In the long run, the field may be better served by a model informed by life history theory that addresses the adaptive role of stress response systems in regulating alternative developmental pathways.
Capturing Enveloped Viruses on Affinity Grids for Downstream Cryo-Electron Microscopy Applications
Authors: Kiss Gabriella , Chen Xuemin , Brindley Melinda A. , Campbell Patricia , Afonso Claudio L. , Ke Zunlong , Holl Jens M. , Guerrero-Ferreira Ricardo C. , Byrd-Leotis Lauren A. , Steel John , Steinhauer David A. , Plemper Richard K. , Kelly Deborah F. , Spearman Paul W. , Wright Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElectron microscopy (EM), cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) are essential techniques used for characterizing basic virus morphology and determining the three-dimensional structure of viruses. Enveloped viruses, which contain an outer lipoprotein coat, constitute the largest group of pathogenic viruses to humans. The purification of enveloped viruses from cell culture presents certain challenges. Specifically, the inclusion of host-membrane-derived vesicles, the complete destruction of the viruses, and the disruption of the internal architecture of individual virus particles. Here, we present a strategy for capturing enveloped viruses on affinity grids (AG) for use in both conventional EM and cryo-EM/ET applications. We examined the utility of AG for the selective capture of human immunodeficiency virus virus-like particles, influenza A, and measles virus. We applied nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid lipid layers in combination with molecular adaptors to selectively adhere the viruses to the AG surface. This further development of the AG method may prove essential for the gentle and selective purification of enveloped viruses directly onto EM grids for ultrastructural analyses.
Formation of Nanofoam carbon and re-emergence of Superconductivity in compressed CaC6
Authors: Li Yan-Ling , Luo Wei , Chen Xiao-Jia , Zeng Zhi , Lin Hai-Qing , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPressure can tune material's electronic properties and control its quantum state, making some systems present disconnected superconducting region as observed in iron chalcogenides and heavy fermion CeCu2Si2. For CaC6 superconductor (Tc of 11.5 K), applying pressure first Tc increases and then suppresses and the superconductivity of this compound is eventually disappeared at about 18 GPa. Here, we report a theoretical finding of the re-emergence of superconductivity in heavily compressed CaC6. The predicted phase III (space group Pmmn) with formation of carbon nanofoam is found to be stable at wide pressure range with a Tc up to 14.7 K at 78 GPa. Diamond-like carbon structure is adhered to the phase IV (Cmcm) for compressed CaC6 after 126 GPa, which has bad metallic behavior, indicating again departure from superconductivity. Re-emerged superconductivity in compressed CaC6 paves a new way to design new-type superconductor by inserting metal into nanoporous host lattice.
Influence of doping on charge carrier collection in normal and inverted geometry polymer:fullerene solar cells
Authors: Dibb George F. A. , Muth Mathis-Andreas , Kirchartz Thomas , Engmann Sebastian , Hoppe Harald , Gobsch Gerhard , Thelakkat Mukundan , Blouin Nicolas , Tierney Steve , Carrasco-Orozco Miguel , Durrant James R. , Nelson Jenny 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhile organic semiconductors used in polymer:fullerene photovoltaics are generally not intentionally doped, significant levels of unintentional doping have previously been reported in the literature. Here, we explain the differences in photocurrent collection between standard (transparent anode) and inverted (transparent cathode) low band-gap polymer:fullerene solar cells in terms of unintentional p-type doping. Using capacitance/voltage measurements, we find that the devices exhibit doping levels of order 1016 cm−3, resulting in space-charge regions ~100 nm thick at short circuit. As a result, low field regions form in devices thicker than 100 nm. Because more of the light is absorbed in the low field region in standard than in inverted architectures, the losses due to inefficient charge collection are greater in standard architectures. Using optical modelling, we show that the observed trends in photocurrent with device architecture and thickness can be explained if only charge carriers photogenerated in the depletion region contribute to the photocurrent.
Spectrally coded optical nanosectioning (SpecON) with biocompatible metal–dielectric-coated substrates
Authors: Elsayad Kareem , Urich Alexander , Tan Piau Siong , Nemethova Maria , Small J. Victor , Unterrainer Karl , Heinze Katrin G. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
In this paper we describe a high-resolution light microscopy technique that translates spatial (position) information of fluorescent markers into spectral (color) information for improved biological imaging. By designing a thin biocompatible nanostructure on a microscope slide, we show how the distance-dependent spectral “fingerprint” of fluorophores can be used to monitor their relative distance from the nanostructure with an accuracy far beyond the resolution power of a conventional light microscope. We demonstrate the technique by studying the positions and dynamics of key proteins that play a role in cell motility.
Cross-neutralizing human anti-poliovirus antibodies bind the recognition site for cellular receptor
Authors: Chen Zhaochun , Fischer Elizabeth R. , Kouiavskaia Diana , Hansen Bryan T. , Ludtke Steven J. , Bidzhieva Bella , Makiya Michelle , Agulto Liane , Purcell Robert H. , Chumakov Konstantin 
Published: November 2013

Significance
This study demonstrated that cross-neutralizing anti-poliovirus antibodies bind the site on poliovirus capsid surface that significantly overlaps the binding site of the cellular receptor. A second antibody with similar specificity was isolated by sequential phage display panning, suggesting that cross-reactive anti-poliovirus antibodies may be more prevalent in primates than previously recognized. Binding to the receptor recognition site explains unusually broad specificity of the antibodies. The antibodies bind type 1 and type 2 polioviruses at a slightly different angle, indicating that molecular details of virus–antibody interaction are different and suggesting that further screening or engineering may produce an antibody neutralizing all three serotypes of poliovirus. These results may be used for developing new antiviral strategies for the polio eradication campaign.
Quantifying Sources of Bias in National Healthcare Safety Network Laboratory-Identified Clostridium difficile Infection Rates
Authors: Haley Valerie B. , DiRienzo A. Gregory , Lutterloh Emily C. , Stricof Rachel L. 
Published: November 2013

Objective.To assess the effect of multiple sources of bias on state- and hospital-specific National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) laboratory-identified Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates.Design.Sensitivity analysis.Setting.A total of 124 New York hospitals in 2010.Methods.New York NHSN CDI events from audited hospitals were matched to New York hospital discharge billing records to obtain additional information on patient age, length of stay, and previous hospital discharges. “Corrected” hospital-onset (HO) CDI rates were calculated after (1) correcting inaccurate case reporting found during audits, (2) incorporating knowledge of laboratory results from outside hospitals, (3) excluding days when patients were not at risk from the denominator of the rates, and (4) adjusting for patient age. Data sets were simulated with each of these sources of bias reintroduced individually and combined. The simulated rates were compared with the corrected rates. Performance (ie, better, worse, or average compared with the state average) was categorized, and misclassification compared with the corrected data set was measured.Results.Counting days patients were not at risk in the denominator reduced the state HO rate by 45% and resulted in 8% misclassification. Age adjustment and reporting errors also shifted rates (7% and 6% misclassification, respectively).Conclusions.Changing the NHSN protocol to require reporting of age-stratified patient-days and adjusting for patient-days at risk would improve comparability of rates across hospitals. Further research is needed to validate the risk-adjustment model before these data should be used as hospital performance measures.
Domestic solid waste discharge and its determinants in rural China
Authors: Huang Kaixing , Wang Jinxia , Bai Junfei , Qiu Huanguang 
Published: November 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the discharge volume of domestic solid waste in rural China and to explore the potential impact of various factors that contribute to it.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data used in this study come from a large-scale field survey conducted in six Chinese provinces. Based on the collected survey data, econometric model on the determinants of domestic solid waste discharge was constructed and used for analysis.

Findings
– Results from the study show that the per capita daily discharge of rural domestic solid waste was close to 1 kg in 2010, slightly less than the urban level of 1.2 kg. Results from descriptive statistical analysis and econometric estimation indicate that by implementing selected policy measures, the discharge of solid waste can be significantly reduced. In addition, the discharge of domestic solid waste is also closely related with local socio-economic development. In particular, the results show an obvious inverted U-shaped curve between discharge volume and income. The increase of off-farm labor opportunities would also reduce solid waste discharge in rural China.

Originality/value
– This paper focuses on domestic solid waste discharge and its determinants in rural China, a research area very important but seldom reported.