bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both Rejection and Tolerance of Allografts Can Occur in the Absence of Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
Authors: Kant Cavit D. , Akiyama Yoshinobu , Tanaka Katsunori , Shea Susan , Yamada Yohei , Connolly Sarah E. , Marino Jose , Tocco Georges , Benichou Gilles 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, we showed that aly/aly mice, which are devoid of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, acutely rejected fully allogeneic skin and heart grafts. They mounted potent inflammatory direct alloresponses but failed to develop indirect alloreactivity after transplantation. Remarkably, skin allografts also were rejected acutely by splenectomized aly/aly (aly/aly-spl−) mice devoid of all secondary lymphoid organs. In these recipients, the rejection was mediated by alloreactive CD8+ T cells presumably primed in the bone marrow. In contrast, cardiac transplants were not rejected by aly/aly-spl− mice. Actually, aly/aly-spl− mice that spontaneously accepted a heart allotransplant and displayed donor-specific tolerance also accepted skin grafts from the same, but not a third-party, donor via a mechanism involving CD4+ regulatory T cells producing IL-10 cytokine. Therefore, direct priming of alloreactive T cells, as well as rejection and regulatory tolerance of allogeneic transplants, can occur in recipient mice lacking secondary lymphoid organs.
Development and Practice of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Francis , Muthoni Linet 
Published: December 2014

Development and Practice of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Kenya
ADR in Kenya is traceable to the pre-colonial era. Before colonial rule, African communities applied traditional justice systems in the resolution of disputes. Some of these traditional justice systems are what are formally called ADR. It is through the imposition of formal justice systems by the British that certain ADR mechanisms were recognised in Kenya. In recent times, ADR is one of the commonly used avenues in accessing justice in Kenya. ADR in Kenya is growing at an unprecedented rate courtesy of its recognition in law, inaccessibility of courts and tribunals, backlog of cases and increased commercial activities requiring the use of ADR processes. Consequently, there are efforts by government and the private sector aimed at promoting ADR in Kenya. These efforts suggest that the future of ADR in Kenya is promising. In this article, the authors discuss the growth, development and practice of ADR in Kenya highlighting some of the likely challenges and opportunities in its use.
Een onderzoek naar reflexiviteit bij conflictmanagement
Authors: Demeyere Luc 
Published: December 2014

Research on Reflexivity in Conflict Management
Managing commercial conflicts requires reflexivity: the description of the conflict influences the manner in which the conflict is handled, and changing this description may influence this approach and the desirable outcome. The Belgian law firm contrast was curious to find out more of different parameters influencing the manner in which a conflict is handled. It developed an in-dept questionnaire and submitted it to 40 participants. The findings of this research are commented.
Preparatory behaviours and condom use during receptive and insertive anal sex among male‐to‐female transgenders (Waria) in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Prabawanti Ciptasari , Dijkstra Arie , Riono Pandu , Hartana Tb Gagan 
Published: December 2014

IntroductionThe male‐to‐female transgender (waria) is part of a key population at higher risk for HIV. This study aims to test whether psychosocial determinants as defined by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) can explain behaviours related to condom use among waria. Three preparatory behaviours (getting, carrying, and offering a condom) and two condom use behaviours (during receptive and insertive anal sex) were assessed.MethodsThe study involved 209 waria, recruited from five districts in Jakarta and interviewed by using structured questionnaires. Specific measures were developed to study attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control (PBC) in order to predict intentions and behaviours.ResultsThe explained variance between intentions with regard to three preparatory behaviours and two condom uses ranged between 30 and 57%, and the variance between the actual preparatory behaviours of three preparatory and two condom uses ranged between 21 and 42%. In our study, as with several previous studies of the TPB on HIV protection behaviours, the TPB variables differed in their predictive power. With regard to intention, attitude and PBC were consistently significant predictors; attitude was the strongest predictor of intention for all three preparatory behaviours, and PBC was the strongest predictor of intention for condom use, both during receptive and insertive anal sex. TPB variables were also significantly related to the second parameter of future behaviour: actual (past) behaviour. TPB variables were differentially related to the five behaviours. Attitude was predictive in three behaviours, PBC in three behaviours and subjective norms in two behaviours.ConclusionsOur results have implications for the development of interventions to target preparatory behaviours and condom use behaviours. Five behaviours and three psychological factors as defined in the TPB are to be targeted.
A new technique for remote sensing of O2 density from 140 to 180 km
Authors: Hecht James H. , Christensen Andrew B. , Yee Jeng‐Hwa , Crowley Geoff , Bishop Rebeeca L. , Budzien Scott A. , Stephan Andrew W. , Evans J. Scott 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObservations of molecular oxygen are difficult to make in the Earth's atmosphere between 140 and 200 km altitude. Perhaps the most accurate measurements to date have been obtained from satellite instruments that measure solar occultations of the limb. These do provide height‐resolved O2 density measurements, but the nature of this technique is such that the temporal/spatial distribution of the measurements is uneven. Here a new space‐based technique is described that utilizes two bright dayglow emissions, the (0,0) transition of the O2 atmospheric band and the O I (630 nm), to derive the height‐resolved O2 density from 140 to 180 km. Data from the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System, which was placed on the International Space Station in late 2009, are used to illustrate this technique. The O2 density results for periods in May 2010 that were geomagnetically quiet and disturbed are compared to model predictions.
Lagrangian measurements of incipient motion in oscillatory flows
Authors: Frank Donya , Foster Diane , Sou In Mei , Calantoni Joseph , Chou Pai 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIncipient motion of coarse gravel‐sized sediment was investigated under a range of oscillatory flows. This article examines the relative significance of shear stresses and pressure gradients in triggering motion, which was directly measured with electronic Smart Sediment Grains (SSGs). The data suggest that incipient motion was induced by the pressure gradients in flows with large accelerations, by the shear stresses in flows with low accelerations and greater shear, and by the combined effects in intermediate flows. A modified incipient motion criterion was evaluated accounting for the combined effects of the shear stresses and pressure gradients, which may be more widely applicable in the marine environment.
Einblicke in die Pamamycin‐Biosynthese
Authors: Rebets Yuriy , Brötz Elke , Manderscheid Niko , Tokovenko Bogdan , Myronovskyi Maksym , Metz Peter , Petzke Lutz , Luzhetskyy Andriy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPamamycine sind Makrodiolide polyketider Herkunft, die antibakteriell wirken. Es wurde postuliert, dass ihre Biosynthese Succinat als Baustein verwendet. Jedoch war der Mechanismus des Succinat‐Einbaus in ein Polyketid unklar. Hier berichten wir über die Identifizierung eines Pamamycin‐Biosynthese‐Genclusters durch Vergleich der Genome zweier Pamamycin‐produzierender Stämme. Dieses einzigartige Cluster enthält Polyketid‐Biosynthese(PKS)‐Gene, die für sieben verschiedene Ketosynthase(KS)‐Enzyme codieren und ein Gen, das ein Acyl‐Transporter‐Protein (ACP) codiert. Ein Cosmid, welches das vollständige Set an Genen zur Pamamycin‐Biosynthese trägt, wurde erfolgreich in einem heterologen Wirt exprimiert. Genetische und biochemische Studien führten zur vollständigen Aufklärung der Pamamycin‐Biosynthese. Diese führt über 3‐Oxoadipyl‐CoA, ein Schlüsselintermediat des Abbaus von aromatischen Verbindungen des Primärstoffwechsels, das in der Polyketid‐Synthese den Einbau von Succinat ermöglichen könnte.
Krebs Cycle Metabolon: Structural Evidence of Substrate Channeling Revealed by Cross‐Linking and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Fei , Minteer Shelley 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that the high metabolic flux in the mitochondria is due to the self‐assembly of enzyme supercomplexes (called metabolons) that channel substrates from one enzyme to another, but there has been no experimental confirmation of this structure or the channeling. A structural investigation of enzyme organization within the Krebs cycle metabolon was accomplished by in vivo cross‐linking and mass spectrometry. Eight Krebs cycle enzyme components were isolated upon chemical fixation, and interfacial residues between mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and aconitase were identified. Using constraint protein docking, a low‐resolution structure for the three‐enzyme complex was achieved, as well as the two‐fold symmetric octamer. Surface analysis showed formation of electrostatic channeling upon protein–protein association, which is the first structural evidence of substrate channeling in the Krebs cycle metabolon.
Synthesis of Air‐Stable, Volatile Uranium(IV) and (VI) Compounds and Their Gas‐Phase Conversion To Uranium Oxide Films
Authors: Appel Linus , Leduc Jennifer , Webster Christopher L. , Ziller Joseph W. , Evans William J. , Mathur Sanjay 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFour air‐stable, volatile uranium heteroarylalkenolates have been synthesized and characterized by three synthetic approaches and their gas phase deposition to uranium oxide films has been examined.
A Highly Selective Copper–Indium Bimetallic Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Aqueous CO2 to CO
Authors: Rasul Shahid , Anjum Dalaver H. , Jedidi Abdesslem , Minenkov Yury , Cavallo Luigi , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe challenge in the electrochemical reduction of aqueous carbon dioxide is in designing a highly selective, energy‐efficient, and non‐precious‐metal electrocatalyst that minimizes the competitive reduction of proton to form hydrogen during aqueous CO2 conversion. A non‐noble metal electrocatalyst based on a copper‐indium (Cu‐In) alloy that selectively converts CO2 to CO with a low overpotential is reported. The electrochemical deposition of In on rough Cu surfaces led to Cu‐In alloy surfaces. DFT calculations showed that the In preferentially located on the edge sites rather than on the corner or flat sites and that the d‐electron nature of Cu remained almost intact, but adsorption properties of neighboring Cu was perturbed by the presence of In. This preparation of non‐noble metal alloy electrodes for the reduction of CO2 provides guidelines for further improving electrocatalysis.
Live‐Cell Imaging of Endogenous mRNAs with a Small Molecule
Authors: Sato Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Mizuki , Katsuda Yousuke , Murata Asako , Wang Dan Ohtan , Uesugi Motonari 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDetermination of subcellular localization and dynamics of mRNA is increasingly important to understanding gene expression. A new convenient and versatile method is reported that permits spatiotemporal imaging of specific non‐engineered RNAs in living cells. The method uses transfection of a plasmid encoding a gene‐specific RNA aptamer, combined with a cell‐permeable synthetic small molecule, the fluorescence of which is restored only when the RNA aptamer hybridizes with its cognitive mRNA. The method was validated by live‐cell imaging of the endogenous mRNA of β‐actin. Application of the technology to mRNAs of a total of 84 human cytoskeletal genes allowed us to observe cellular dynamics of several endogenous mRNAs including arfaptin‐2, cortactin, and cytoplasmic FMR1‐interacting protein 2. The RNA‐imaging technology and its further optimization might permit live‐cell imaging of any RNA molecules.
Synthesis and Platinum Complexes of an Alane‐Appended 1,1′‐Bis(phosphino)ferrocene Ligand
Authors: Cowie Bradley E. , Tsao Fu An , Emslie David J. H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn aryldimethylalane‐appended analogue of 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, FcPPAl, was prepared, and reaction with [Pt(nb)3] (nb=norbornene) afforded [Pt(η2‐nb)(FcPPAl)] (1). Heating a solution of 1 to 80 °C resulted in crystallization of [{Pt(FcPPAl)}2] (2), whereas treatment of 1 with C2H4, C2Ph2, H2, or CO provided [PtL(FcPPAl)] [L=C2H4 (3), C2Ph2 (4)], [PtH2(FcPPAl)] (5), and [Pt(CO)(FcPPAl)] (6). In all complexes, the FcPPAl ligand is coordinated through both phosphines and the alane. Whereas 2 adopts a T‐shaped geometry at platinum, 3–5 are square‐pyramidal, and 6 is distorted square‐planar. The hydride and carbonyl complexes feature unusual multicenter bonding involving platinum, aluminum, and a hydride or carbonyl ligand.
Mindfulness meditation for younger breast cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bower Julienne E. , Crosswell Alexandra D. , Stanton Annette L. , Crespi Catherine M. , Winston Diana , Arevalo Jesusa , Ma Jeffrey , Cole Steve W. , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDPremenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer are at risk for psychological and behavioral disturbances after cancer treatment. Targeted interventions are needed to address the needs of this vulnerable group.METHODSThis randomized trial provided the first evaluation of a brief, mindfulness‐based intervention for younger breast cancer survivors designed to reduce stress, depression, and inflammatory activity. Women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer at or before age 50 who had completed cancer treatment were randomly assigned to a 6‐week Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPS) intervention group (n = 39) or to a wait‐list control group (n = 32). Participants completed questionnaires before and after the intervention to assess stress and depressive symptoms (primary outcomes) as well as physical symptoms, cancer‐related distress, and positive outcomes. Blood samples were collected to examine genomic and circulating markers of inflammation. Participants also completed questionnaires at a 3‐month follow‐up assessment.RESULTSIn linear mixed models, the MAPS intervention led to significant reductions in perceived stress (P = .004) and marginal reductions in depressive symptoms (P = .094), as well as significant reductions in proinflammatory gene expression (P = .009) and inflammatory signaling (P = .001) at postintervention. Improvements in secondary outcomes included reduced fatigue, sleep disturbance, and vasomotor symptoms and increased peace and meaning and positive affect (P < .05 for all). Intervention effects on psychological and behavioral measures were not maintained at the 3‐month follow‐up assessment, although reductions in cancer‐related distress were observed at that assessment.CONCLUSIONSA brief, mindfulness‐based intervention demonstrated preliminary short‐term efficacy in reducing stress, behavioral symptoms, and proinflammatory signaling in younger breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2015;121:1231–1240. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Anisotropic α‐Fe2O3@TiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles and Their Smart Electrorheological Response
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Yin Yichao , Wang Baoxiang , Song Xianfen , Sun Shuangshuang , Yu Shoushan , Hao Chuncheng , Chen Kezheng 
Published: December 2014

Abstractα‐Fe2O3@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles were prepared through a combination of reflux and hydrolysis methods. Firstly, a spindle‐like and monodispersed α‐Fe2O3 nanorod core was fabricated by using a reflux method. In the second step, an amorphous TiO2 shell was coated onto the surface of the nonspherical α‐Fe2O3 core with a uniform thickness by means of a controlled hydrolysis method. The morphology, structure, and electrorheological (ER) activity of α‐Fe2O3@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles were determined by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), magnetic testing, and by using a rotational rheometer. The resulting nonspherical core–shell nanoparticles possess the advantages of uniform sizes, weak magnetism, and smart electrorheological behavior. An enhanced ER effect is found with the α‐Fe2O3@TiO2 and hollow TiO2 ER suspension compared with that of a pure α‐Fe2O3 ER suspension.
Global Analysis of Methylation Profiles From High Resolution CpG Data
Authors: Zhao Ni , Bell Douglas A. , Maity Arnab , Staicu Ana‐Maria , Joubert Bonnie R. , London Stephanie J. , Wu Michael C. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNew high throughput technologies are now enabling simultaneous epigenetic profiling of DNA methylation at hundreds of thousands of CpGs across the genome. A problem of considerable practical interest is identification of large scale, global changes in methylation that are associated with environmental variables, clinical outcomes, or other experimental conditions. However, there has been little statistical research on methods for global methylation analysis using technologies with individual CpG resolution. To address this critical gap in the literature, we develop a new strategy for global analysis of methylation profiles using a functional regression approach wherein we approximate either the density or the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the methylation values for each individual using B‐spline basis functions. The spline coefficients for each individual are allowed to summarize the individual's overall methylation profile. We then test for association between the overall distribution and a continuous or dichotomous outcome variable using a variance component score test that naturally accommodates the correlation between spline coefficients. Simulations indicate that our proposed approach has desirable power while protecting type I error. The method was applied to detect methylation differences, both genome wide and at LINE1 elements, between the blood samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls and to detect the epigenetic changes of human hepatocarcinogenesis in the context of alcohol abuse and hepatitis C virus infection. A free implementation of our methods in the R language is available in the Global Analysis of Methylation Profiles (GAMP) package at http://research.fhcrc.org/wu/en.html.
Complete Effect‐Profile Assessment in Association Studies With Multiple Genetic and Multiple Environmental Factors
Authors: Wang Zhi , Maity Arnab , Luo Yiwen , Neely Megan L. , Tzeng Jung‐Ying 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTStudying complex diseases in the post genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) era has led to developing methods that consider factor‐sets rather than individual genetic/environmental factors (i.e., Multi‐G‐Multi‐E studies), and mining for potential gene‐environment (G×E) interactions has proven to be an invaluable aid in both discovery and deciphering underlying biological mechanisms. Current approaches for examining effect profiles in Multi‐G‐Multi‐E analyses are either underpowered due to large degrees of freedom, ill‐suited for detecting G×E interactions due to imprecise modeling of the G and E effects, or lack of capacity for modeling interactions between two factor‐sets (e.g., existing methods focus primarily on a single E factor). In this work, we illustrate the issues encountered in constructing kernels for investigating interactions between two factor‐sets, and propose a simple yet intuitive solution to construct the G×E kernel that retains the ease‐of‐interpretation of classic regression. We also construct a series of kernel machine (KM) score tests to evaluate the complete effect profile (i.e., the G, E, and G×E effects individually or in combination). We show, via simulations and a data application, that the proposed KM methods outperform the classic and PC regressions across a range of scenarios, including varying effect size, effect structure, and interaction complexity. The largest power gain was observed when the underlying effect structure involved complex G×E interactions; however, the proposed methods have consistent, powerful performance when the effect profile is simple or complex, suggesting that the proposed method could be a useful tool for exploratory or confirmatory G×E analysis.
Welfare Reform and Children's Health
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Yen Yin‐Fang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of the Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) program on children's health outcomes using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation over the period 1994 to 2005. The TANF policies have been credited with increased employment for single mothers and a dramatic drop in welfare caseload. Our results show that these policies also had a significant effect on various measures of children's medical utilization among low‐income families. These health measures include a rating of the child's health status reported by the parents, the number of times that parents consulted a doctor, and the number of nights that the child stayed in a hospital. We compare the overall changes of health status and medical utilization for children with working and nonworking mothers. We find that the child's health status as reported by the parents is affected by the maternal employment status. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic characteristics of the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Li Yilei , Zhang Xi‐an , Qi Songtao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomic characteristics and discuss the clinical implications of the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve, especially its compartmentalization.MethodsThe dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve was microsurgically dissected in 8 formalin‐fixed adult cadaver heads (16 sides).ResultsThe dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve is meningeal dura in origin and composed of Meckel's cave and the peripheral sheaths. The peripheral sheath is a direct continuation of Meckel's cave, but separated from the latter by a cribriform area from where the nerve rootlets pass through. Within the peripheral sheaths, there are a few septa, which are frequently interrupted by connections among nerve rootlets.ConclusionThe cribriform area of Meckel's cave, which divides the dural sheath of the trigeminal nerve into 2 distinct compartments, may play an important role in tumor growth and surgical planning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E185–E188, 2016