bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Appropriation to Participation
Authors: Matthes Erich Hatala 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops our understanding of the importance and shape of participatory conservation by looking at contexts in which participation is precluded; namely, contexts in which conservation candidates have been appropriated from individuals or communities. It examines three of the major moral objections that often attend appropriation (misrepresentation, exploitation, and lack of meaningful participation), and demonstrates that lack of meaningful participation is an especially significant problem in the context of conservation. Through discussion of a range of cases that are characterized by different failures of participation, the chapter illustrates the consequences of pursuing conservation on terms that prevent relevant parties from exercising their agency.
The Evolution and Seduction of Pseudoscience
Authors: Stea Jonathan N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the evolution and seduction of mental health–related pseudoscience. It begins by providing historical and modern-day examples of snake oil, couching them in the context of the author’s personal and clinical experiences. It illustrates the nature of pseudoscience, delineating between unequivocal cases (e.g., naturopathy, energy healing) and controversial ones that are more scientifically plausible but still plagued by some pseudoscientific features and low-quality evidence to support their use (e.g., mindfulness meditation, psychedelics). It goes on to show the reasons that we find pseudoscience attractive, foreshadowing the commercialization of pseudoscience in the wellness and alternative medicine industries. The chapter closes with real examples about the various ways that pseudoscience is harmful to our mental health.
The Fruits of False Views
Authors: McNicholl Adeana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Far from being simple morality tales, preta narratives were important sites for refining and developing Buddhist thinking about karma. Preta tales were a particularly potent location for the theorization of karma due to the genre’s concern about where the departed go after death and how to assist them in the next world. Preta narratives underscore the importance of understanding that there are fruits for our actions in the next world and that offerings on behalf of the dead are efficacious. Pretas themselves make these arguments, acting as a mirror and model for both rival views and the Buddhist view of karma. Having been led astray by false views, pretas are endowed with an embodied knowledge of actions and their fruits that enables them to share their insights with others.
Consuming the Fruits of One’s Own Actions
Authors: McNicholl Adeana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Together the chapters in Part II argue that preta narratives construct and model an aesthetically informed affective process of ethical cultivation in which the generation of ethical selves corresponds to the cultivation of ideal bodies. Preta stories construct what Susanne Mrozik terms a “physio-moral discourse” that casts bodies as sites for practicing, performing, and fashioning ethical selves and closely ties moral and physical transformation. As a result, preta tales help constitute hierarchies of human embodied difference in relation to class, caste, gender, and sexuality, even as they destabilize these same hierarchies. This process of embodied ethical transformation is inherently tied to the affective ethos modeled and produced in narrative literature. Preta stories model and elicit aesthetically informed affective embodied experiences that are themselves educational and ethically formative. The production of affective dispositions in these texts at once reinforce hierarchical somatic discourses while destabilizing them altogether.
“Which ditch do you want to die in?”
Authors: Klitzman Robert L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the often-complex relations between chaplains and doctors. Hospice and palliative care physicians, concentrating on comfort rather than further aggressive care, generally tend to recognize and support spiritual dimensions in medicine more than their colleagues do. Physicians who have themselves become chaplains soon recognize underlying tensions, not just synergies, between these two roles. Some physicians misunderstand what chaplains do, seeing them as merely addressing religion, narrowly construed, rather than wider concerns about meaning, hope, and purpose. Physicians’ awkwardness discussing these realms can taint their perceptions of chaplains and hamper referrals of patients to them. Hospitals’ cultures vary, affecting how they organize and support pastoral care. Catholic more than secular hospitals tend, for instance, to integrate chaplains into leadership decisions. Institutional affiliation can also shape patients’ and families’ expectations of chaplaincy services.
“More than just smiling and saying Jesus”
Authors: Klitzman Robert L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enhanced education and practice can aid not only doctors but also chaplains. Pastoral care training has improved but can be further strengthened. The field would benefit from further specialized training in counseling; heightened racial, ethnic, and religious diversity; innovations such as tele-chaplaincy; more board certification; and perhaps state licensing. Researchers have been trying to quantify chaplains’ benefits, and these efforts have had some successes but also limitations. Standardized satisfaction questionnaires to measure the impact of pastoral care have yielded mixed results, partly because many other factors can also affect patients’ overall experiences of a hospitalization. Another approach would be to publish more qualitative descriptions of chaplains’ work, presenting narratives of success and hope. The field should consider, too, changing the term “chaplain,” which derives from Christianity and is far less familiar to patients from other faiths. Muslim countries prefer the term “spiritual counselor.” “Spiritual staff” is another option.
The Libertarian Spectrum (Part II) Event-Causal Views, Centered and Non-centered
Authors: Kane Robert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The author’s view is usually depicted in the current literature as an event-causal libertarian view. But for reasons explained in Chapter 5, it was never strictly an event-causal view, but rather an agent-causal/event-causal or AC/EC view of the kind described there. And for reasons spelled out in Chapter 6, the view was also not strictly speaking a “centered” view. Undetermined self-forming free actions need not occur only in terminating deliberations, but in many other places in the practical lives of agents. This chapter discusses a variety of influential event-causal libertarian views in the current literature by different authors, comparing them to and contrasting them from the AC/EC view of this book. It explains which aspects of these event-causal views can be retained in this AC/EC view and which cannot. Doing so, the chapter argues, throws additional light on this view and free will issues generally.
Rejection and Incompatibility
Authors: Bassiouni Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Part II (chapters 4–7) offers a systematic typology and critical reconstruction of the Muslim human rights discourse. It identifies and discusses four argumentative stances: (a) Rejection: the argument that human rights do not conform to Islam and must therefore be rejected, (b) Incompatibility: the view that Islam cannot be reconciled with human rights, (c) Appropriation: the view that human rights are only valid “within the framework of the sharīʿa,” and (d) Assimilation: the argument that there is no problem with reconciling Islam with human rights.
The Purpose of Islamic Law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa)
Authors: Bassiouni Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Part III (Chapters 8-10) initiates the attempt to formulate a conception of human rights that is both anchored in the Islamic legal tradition and capable of garnering universal consent by engaging the theory of Islamic legal purposes (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa). It first reconstructs the central ideas of this theory by engaging the works of classical Islamic jurists. It then addresses several points of criticism and open questions, and finally takes a critical look at the contemporary reception of the maqāṣid idea.
Human Needs
Authors: Bassiouni Mahmoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes what human needs are and which human needs exist. It defines human needs in a way to denote the universal, objective, and necessary conditions of human existence. Accordingly, needs are universal in the sense that they exist independently of historical or cultural differences in every human being; they are objective in the sense that their existence can be empirically investigated and confirmed; and they are necessary to the extent that they include only those goods without which human beings would be threatened in their existence. Based on a survey of various theories within the disciplines of motivational psychology, sociology, and peace and conflict studies, the chapter identifies five such goods: health, security, belonging, recognition, and meaning.
The Art of State Persuasion
Authors: Wang Frances Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Why do nations actively publicize previously overlooked disputes? And why does this domestic mobilization sometimes fail to result in aggressive policy measures? This book delves into China’s strategic use of state propaganda during crucial crisis events, particularly focusing on border disputes. The author aims to explain the diverse strategies employed in Chinese state media, analyzing why certain disputes are amplified while others are downplayed. This variation, as proposed by the author, is contingent on the degree of alignment between Chinese state policy and public opinion. When public sentiment is more moderate than the state’s foreign policy objectives, the government initiates a mobilization campaign. Conversely, if public opinion is more hawkish than state policy, the authorities deploy a pacification campaign to mollify public sentiment. Through a comprehensive examination of medium-N and case-study analyses, the author elucidates these arguments. The research incorporates extensive textual analyses of media reports, interviews with officials and journalists, and archival data. The book also elucidates the mechanics of mobilization and pacification media campaigns, enabling policymakers to distinguish varying state foreign policy intentions. This book not only acknowledges the significance of public opinion but also illustrates how fluctuating public sentiment is delicately managed by the state through diverse discursive tactics. By highlighting the existence and relevance of pacification campaigns, this book enhances our understanding of propaganda and challenges the traditional view of China’s propaganda as uniformly aggressive, bringing to light a more nuanced picture especially in the domain of foreign policy.
Introduction
Authors: Wang Frances Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The introduction sets the stage for the book by presenting two central puzzles: the barking dog/silent dog puzzle, which asks why and when authoritarian states choose to amplify certain interstate disputes while downplaying others; and the barking without biting puzzle, which asks why authoritarian states sometimes fail to follow up domestic mobilization with aggressive foreign policies. The chapter highlights the importance of examining authoritarian media campaigns: that they are common, consequential, and valuable for policy interpretation. The focus on authoritarian states, especially China, is deemed appropriate and necessary. The chapter also introduces the book’s principal argument and summarizes the evidence supporting this argument. Finally, it provides an overview of the subsequent chapters in the book.
The (Mis)Alignment Theory
Authors: Wang Frances Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 outlines a theoretical framework to elucidate why and how media campaigns are implemented, centering on their underlying motivations and methods. Authoritarian states employ these media campaigns to adjust public opinion so that it actively endorses or passively tolerates the foreign policy preferences of the state. This need for alignment essentially originates from the paradoxical and cyclical interplay in authoritarian states between public opinion and foreign policy, wherein public opinion is significant to the extent that the state allows and shapes it to be so. Within this larger theoretical framework, the author distinguishes two types of propaganda campaigns that work to shift public opinion in opposite directions.
The Sino-Vietnamese Border War
Authors: Wang Frances Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 discusses the 1979–1990 Sino-Vietnamese border war and its accompanying propaganda campaign, which has proven to be an archetypical mobilization case. The misalignment between apathetic public opinion before the war and hardline state policy intent called for the state to launch the most aggressive and long-lasting propaganda campaign in modern Chinese history. The propaganda campaign was pivotal in agitating the general public, local communities in the border provinces, and soldiers toward support for the war, dedicating labor, resources, and even lives. A wealth of historical evidence substantiates the observable implications related to the leaders’ concerns about weak public opinion, clear and authoritative propaganda directives and mobilizing orders, and broadly inflammatory media content aimed at inciting public sentiment, border residents, and soldiers against Vietnam.
The Nonbarking Dog
Authors: Wang Frances Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines two distinct events: the cable cutting incidents of 2011 and the oil rig crisis of 2014, both marked by a conspicuous absence of media campaigns. This absence is particularly notable as media campaigns are often crucial in shaping public opinion. The chapter suggests that in these instances, there was an unusual congruence between public opinion and the state’s policy objectives, making any effort to influence an already hawkish public redundant. Similarly, there was no incentive to mollify a disinterested populace. This absence of media engagement demonstrates the state’s strategic considerations in public communication, which are heavily influenced by the prevailing public sentiment and specific policy aims.
Tracking the Allocation of Resources Over Time
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Althaus Scott L. , Panagopoulos Costas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes whether presidential campaigns actually allocate resources according to their strategic plans. Are some states and media markets “zeroed out,” as these plans would suggest? Do candidates visit states and media markets that are not battlegrounds? If so, when, and why? The chapter examines adherence to strategy by party and across time. The analysis is statistical, with assessments of resource allocation across different strategic categorizations. The analysis confirms that presidential candidates and their campaigns have always allocated their most important resources strategically, although this tendency was particularly evident in the eras of zero-sum and micro-targeting campaigning. While still adhering to their electoral plans overall, presidential candidates in the era of micro-targeting do occasionally appear in electorally “safe” states and media markets to raise money. Due to their swollen war chests, even campaigns in the most recent era will also sometimes spend money outside of their battleground universe.
Putting It All Together: Resource Allocation and Vote Outcomes
Authors: Shaw Daron R. , Althaus Scott L. , Panagopoulos Costas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This final empirical chapter considers the impact of candidate appearances and television advertising buys on vote outcomes in states and media markets. Effects are estimated separately for Republican and Democratic campaigns using statistical models that account for confounding variables, most notably past votes as well as current national trends. This analysis finds modest effects associated with state-level analyses and slightly larger effects associated with available market-level data. Consistent with a “middling” perspective of campaign effects, similarities in Electoral College strategies and high levels of execution—especially in the most recent era—can produce rough parity in the ability of campaigns to significantly affect statewide results and Electoral Vote totals, often leading to outcomes where one campaign’s impact is effectively checked by the other’s. Nonetheless, close elections such as those in 1960, 1968, 1976, 2000, 2004, and 2016 might have tipped the other way with shifts in resource allocation across battleground states.
Case Study: Hyperintensionalism
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter applies the approach developed in the first two chapters to the current trend for hyperintensional frameworks in metaphysics, on which necessary equivalents can differ in reference. It argues that such frameworks exhibit strong evidence of overfitting. This is shown in detail for impossible worlds semantics, truthmaker semantics, and the theory of structured Russellian propositions, all of which are far more complicated than standard intensional alternatives. Hyperintensionalism is primarily motivated by alleged counterexamples to intensionalism; such a ‘data-driven’ approach is vulnerable to overfitting. In particular, key judgments on flagship examples for hyperintensionalism are shown to be explicable as outputs of a heuristic for assessing ‘because’ statements (constitutive as well as causal) in terms of how well they do as answers to ‘Why?’ questions. This heuristic generates demonstrably incorrect verdicts on some closely related cases because it projects merely presentational differences between answers to apparent differences in the non-representational world.
A Flood of Questions
Authors: Conca Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book After the Floods: The Search for Resilience in Ellicott City. Ellicott City is a historic mill town in central Maryland that recently suffered two fatal flash flood disasters within 22 months. Despite advantages of wealth, expertise, open government, and a strong community identity, the floods triggered intense conflicts, which provide a cautionary tale about the difficulty of reworking a watershed for flood resilience. The chapter sketches the book’s primary themes, including challenges around knowledge and expertise, the difficulties of conducting a participatory dialogue, the tensions embedded in divergent place-based identities, and the tendency of external actors to instrumentalize both the flood problem and the search for solutions.
The First Flood
Authors: Conca Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of the 2016 flash flood in Ellicott City, a historic mill town in central Maryland that would suffer an equally devastating flood episode just two years later. The flood caused two fatalities, as well as millions of dollars in damage and lost commerce, and triggered an effort by county government to produce a “watershed resilience master plan” combining flood resilience, historic preservation, and economic reinvigoration. Causes of the flood are generally agreed to include the hilly landscape, the thin clay soils over granite bedrock, the heavily built character of the watershed, and climate change, although how some of these elements fit together and share responsibility remains highly contested.
After the Second Flood
Authors: Conca Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the response to the fatal flash flood striking Ellicott City, a historic mill town in central Maryland, in 2018. Coming soon on the heels of an eerily similar episode in 2016, the flood triggered contentious proposals that divided the community. This chapter focuses on one such controversy—a proposal by the County Executive and a County Council member to tear down a sizable portion of the town’s historic district. The chapter sketches the tactics and repertoires of plan proponents and opponents, culminating in a dramatic council hearing that revealed some deep cleavages in people’s understandings of the town’s history and the particular characteristics that made it special. The demolition plan narrowly passed through a divided County Council, only to trigger electoral changes that would set the quest for flood resilience on a different trajectory.
Development and Its Discontents
Authors: Conca Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter sketches the history of housing development in Ellicott City and the surrounding Howard County. Polarization between pro- and antidevelopment forces, which had long simmered across the county, came to a head in Ellicott City after the 2018 flash flood. Many community members blamed development for the flooding despite assurances from expert modelers and county officials that development was not the culprit. The chapter sketches efforts by an activist legislator to rein in development impacts. Particular attention is paid to how pro- and antidevelopment factions framed ambiguous model analytics into truth-telling claims, and the inability of county governance to see changes across the watershed in a holistic, comprehensive manner.
Bayesian analysis
Authors: Neuhäuser Markus , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The book finishes with a chapter on Bayesian statistics. In a Bayesian analysis a prior distribution and a sample of data are combined to provide a refined posterior distribution. Hence, the posterior distribution can be seen as a fusion between the prior distribution and the observations. In this chapter, ways to obtain the posterior distribution but also some general comments on the particular issues of small samples for Bayesian approaches (particularly enhanced importance on selection of an appropriate prior) are discussed, and entry points into the relevant literatures are given. The highest density interval and the region of practical equivalence are introduced as useful concepts.
A Neurophilosophy of Libertarian Free Will
Authors: Tse Peter Ulric 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A Neurophilosophy of Libertarian Free Will presents a defense of libertarian free will that is informed by neuroscience, physics and philosophy. It argues that causation in living systems is dominated by cybernetic feedback loops and criterial reparameterizations that help animals find adequate ways of fulfilling their goals. Humans have two kinds of libertarian free will, one of which is concerned with the ability to weigh options that is shared with other complex animals. The second kind of free will is concerned with envisioning a new self and then working toward realizing that vision over extended durations. It is argued that imagination, not downstream behavior, is where the action is in free will.
Vocabulary
Authors: Beal Jennifer S. , Dostal Hannah M. , Easterbrooks Susan R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 presents a review of making meaning through word decoding and encoding when reading and writing print. The first section includes phonological decoding (signed and spoken), phonology, phonemic awareness, letter-sound correspondence, fingerspelling, working memory, and a review of phonological decoding and deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners. Similarly, making meaning through morphological, structural, and contextual decoding follow. Evidence-based instructional strategies are embedded across these areas of decoding. Case vignettes demonstrate the use of lexicalized fingerspelling, the semantic association strategy, and the use of context clues when reading with diverse DHH learners.