bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 4-Year Prospective Study of Soft Drink Consumption and Weight Gain: The Role of Calorie Intake and Physical Activity
Authors: Tucker Larry A. , Tucker Jared M. , Bailey Bruce W. , LeCheminant James D. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose. Examine the association between soft drink consumption and risk of weight gain over 4 years. Also, determine if the relationship between soft drink intake and weight gain is a result of differences in calorie intake or physical activity (PA), or other potential mediating factors. Design. Four-year prospective cohort. Setting. Approximately 20 cities in Utah and Wyoming. Subjects. One hundred seventy nonsmoking, apparently healthy women. Measures. At baseline, soft drink consumption and menopause status were measured using a questionnaire; calorie intake was estimated using 7-day, weighed food records; and PA was assessed using 7-day accelerometer data. Weight was assessed using an electronic scale at baseline and follow-up. Analysis. Multiple regression and partial correlation. Results. Four-year weight gain in participants who, at baseline, consumed sugar-sweetened soft drinks (2.7 ± 5.1 kg) was greater than in participants who consumed artificially sweetened soft drinks (–.1 ± 4.4 kg) or no soft drinks (.5 ± 5.1 kg) (F = 5.4, p = .022). Adjusting for objectively measured PA had no effect on risk of weight gain. However, controlling statistically for differences in calorie intake significantly weakened the relationship between soft drink consumption and weight gain by 28%. Conclusion. Consuming artificially sweetened soft drinks or no soft drinks instead of sugar-sweetened soft drinks may help to reduce risk of weight gain in women. The relationship appears to be partly a function of differences in calorie intake, but not differences in PA.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Vision Loss among Young and Middle-Age U.S. Adults
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Zebardast Nazlee , Ramulu Pradeep Y. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose. To examine the association between vision loss and cardiorespiratory fitness among young and middle-age U.S. adults. Design. The study had a cross-sectional design. Setting. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 served as the study setting. Subjects. Study subjects included 3135 adults ages 20 to 49 years. Measures. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed from cardiorespiratory extrapolation using heart rate response during submaximal treadmill testing, with inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness defined as below the 60th percentile for age and gender. Visual acuity was objectively assessed for each eye. Analysis. Multivariable regression (linear and logistic) models were computed to examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and vision. Results. Poorer cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −3.7 mL O2/kg per minute; 95% confidence interval: −5.3 to −2.2) was observed in subjects with visual impairment after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and comorbid illness. Participants with vision impairment, as compared with those with normal sight, had 4.4-fold higher odds of having inadequate cardiorespiratory fitness (95% confidence interval: 1.04–18.97), whereas participants with uncorrected refractive error were not more likely to demonstrate poorer cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion. Adults with visual impairment, but not adults with uncorrected refractive error, demonstrate a significant reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness and are much more likely to have inadequate fitness compared with those with normal vision. Evaluation and implementation of strategies to increase cardiorespiratory fitness among those with vision impairment, in particular, are needed.
Representation of Information about Family Relatives as Structured Data in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Lu Y. , Vitale C.J. , Mar P.L. , Chang F. , Dhopeshwarkar N. , Rocha R.A. , Zhou L. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackground: The ability to manage and leverage family history information in the electronic health record (EHR) is crucial to delivering high-quality clinical care.Objectives: We aimed to evaluate existing standards in representing relative information, examine this information documented in EHRs, and develop a natural language processing (NLP) application to extract relative information from free-text clinical documents.Methods: We reviewed a random sample of 100 admission notes and 100 discharge summaries of 198 patients, and also reviewed the structured entries for these patients in an EHR system’s family history module. We investigated the two standards used by Stage 2 of Meaningful Use (SNOMED CT and HL7 Family History Standard) and identified coverage gaps of each standard in coding relative information. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the MTERMS NLP system in identifying relative information from free-text documents.Results: The structure and content of SNOMED CT and HL7 for representing relative information are different in several ways. Both terminologies have high coverage to represent local relative concepts built in an ambulatory EHR system, but gaps in key concept coverage were detected; coverage rates for relative information in free-text clinical documents were 95.2% and 98.6%, respectively. Compared to structured entries, richer family history information was only available in free-text documents. Using a comprehensive lexicon that included concepts and terms of relative information from different sources, we expanded the MTERMS NLP system to extract and encode relative information in clinical documents and achieved a corresponding precision of 100% and recall of 97.4%.Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment and user guidance are critical to adopting standards into EHR systems in a meaningful way. A significant portion of patients’ family history information is only documented in free-text clinical documents and NLP can be used to extract this information.Citation: Zhou L, Lu Y, Vitale CJ, Mar PL, Chang F, Dhopeshwarkar N, Rocha RA. Representation of information about family relatives as structured data in electronic health records. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 349–367 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-10-RA-0080
$M^2$-type sharp estimates and weighted boundedness for commutators related to singular integral operators satisfying a variant of Hörmander's condition
Authors: Lanzheliu Liu 
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we prove the $M^k$-type sharp maximal function estimates for the commutators related to some singular integral operators satisfying a variant of Hörmander's condition. As an application, we obtain the weighted boundedness of the commutators on Lebesgue and Morrey spaces.
Heredity for triangular operators
Authors: Rhaly Jr. Henry Crawford 
Published: April 2014

A proof is given that if the lower triangular infinite matrix $T$ acts boundedly on $\ell^2$ and U is the unilateral shift, the sequence $(U^*)^nTU^n$ inherits from $T$ the following properties: posinormality, dominance, $M$-hyponormality, hyponormality, normality, compactness, and noncompactness. Also, it is demonstrated that the upper triangular matrix $T^*$ is dominant if and only if $T$ is a diagonal matrix.
Comic Poetics of Imaginative Travel in Your Country Is Great
Authors: Rettberg Eric 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Adapting Jahan Ramazani's concept of imaginative travel to contemporary conceptual poetics, this article argues that Ara Shirinyan's Your Country Is Great (2008) presents a canny vision of travel and identity in a global, digital age. Shirinyan uses a plagiaristic method to compose his poems, repeatedly Google-searching the phrase “[country] is great” and building poems from the results. For some, the result has seemed a flattening of language and of transnational experience, but I argue instead that Shirinyan provokes the reader's laughter and delight to confront her with her own complicity in cross-cultural appropriation. The comic tone of Shirinyan's work, I argue, has been characteristic of contemporary “uncreative writing,” conceptualism, and Flarf. Shirinyan's work, moreover, can be understood in a historical tradition of comic representations of cross-cultural experience, which brazenly preempt suspicious reading by knowingly showcasing their problematic, appropriative, and offensive aspects.
Pedantry and Play:
Authors: Horáček Josef 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this article, I argue that Celia and Louis Zukofsky's 1969 Catullus dismantles the concept of transparent literalism as a foundation of fluency-based approaches to translation. Unlike subsequent examples of homophonic translation, or translation that privileges sound over meaning, the Zukofsky Catullus never abandons semantic correspondence but rather redefines it. Many readers have approached the text with anxiety over its perceived difficulty, focusing on its procedural rigor and apparent lack of transparent meaning at the expense of its playfulness and performativity. As I seek to demonstrate in this article, we can also read the Zukofsky Catullus for its surface pleasures. I suggest a reading that takes a visceral response to the material surface of language—its shape, sound, and rhythm—as a starting point.
The ABCs of Conceptual Writing
Authors: Ardam Jacquelyn 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article considers the central role of the alphabetic sequence in the conceptual writing movement, which has emerged as the dominant avant-garde in poetry in the past decade. By looking at alphabetic conceptual works through a formal lens, it argues that conceptual writing has more in common with its textual forbears than its practitioners would often like to admit. Instead of seeking precursors to conceptual writing in conceptual visual art, it considers conceptual written works alongside other alphabetic texts, such as abecedarian poetry and reference texts, to provide a new context for approaching conceptual writing formally. By focusing in particular on Kenneth Goldsmith's No. 111 2.7.93–10.20.96, the article argues that close reading conceptual work is not just possible, but essential, and that studying form allows us not just to see conceptual procedure in action, but also the ways in which rules-based texts formally exceed their constraints and thus destabilize their conceptual frameworks. The article ultimately suggests that the alphabetic structure is the epitomic form of a movement that would like to deny form's centrality to its goals, and that alphabetization—a seemingly rote and rigid procedure—unexpectedly reveals the formal possibilities of conceptual writing.
Terrible Engines:
Authors: Stefans Brian Kim 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article describes the emergence across several genres—poetry, fiction, and the recently coined “conceptual writing”—of a “speculative” subgenre that forgoes conventional literary content in favor of executing highly complex literary forms characterized by a preoccupation with number, the use of word sets, and a high degree of recursion in syntax and narrative structure. To this degree, these works are intent to expose the mathematical properties of language above aspiring to conventional realism and spontaneous expression. Nonetheless, through the frame of the philosophy of Quentin Meillassoux, a form of realism can be discerned in these writings, if only of a highly “speculative” sort that wishes to limn the “unkthinkable” in which a unique form of contingency (as opposed to the classical notion of necessity) in a primary feature in the apparent coherence and orderliness of our present state of the universe.
Simple reaction time: It is not what it used to be
Authors: SILVERMAN IRWIN W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article calls attention to the large amount of evidence indicating that simple visual reaction time (RT) has increased. To show that RT has increased, the RTs obtained by young adults in 14 studies published from 1941 on were compared with the RTs obtained by young adults in a study conducted by Galton in the late 1800s. With one exception, the newer studies obtained RTs longer than those obtained by Galton. The possibility that these differences in results are due to faulty timing instruments is considered but deemed unlikely. Of several possible causes for longer RTs, two are regarded as tenable: that RT has been increased by the buildup of neurotoxins in the environment and by the increasing numbers of people in less than robust health who have survived into adulthood. The importance of standardizing tests of RT in order to enable more refined analyses of secular trends in RT is emphasized.
The Serial Position, Distance, and Congruity Effects of Reference Point Setting in Comparative Judgments
Authors: JOU JERWEN 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the serial position function in serial order memory derives from a gradient of activation strength, with the end anchor point having the highest strength and accessibility. Subjects memorized an ordered series of names and were tested on their memory of the order with a comparative judgment task. In Experiment 1, a traditional comparative judgment task was used in which they chose the one member in a pair that was either higher or lower in the ranking on the attribute dimension. The 3 typical effects from comparative judgment for serial items—the bowed serial position function, the distance effect, and the congruity effect—were obtained. In Experiment 2, subjects were instructed to choose the item either closer to or farther from the middle reference point of the series. Remarkably different forms of the 3 effects were obtained. Most notable was a deep drop in the middle of the RT function, supporting the activation gradient hypothesis but further separating the role of the reference point from that of the endpoints in the assumption of the activation strength gradient theories. The findings also generalized the concept of each of these 3 effects.
Learning and Memory for Sequences of Pictures, Words, and Spatial Locations: An Exploration of Serial Position Effects
Authors: BONK WILLIAM J. , HEALY ALICE F. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A serial reproduction of order with distractors task was developed to make it possible to observe successive snapshots of the learning process at each serial position. The new task was used to explore the effect of several variables on serial memory performance: stimulus content (words, blanks, and pictures), presentation condition (spatial information vs. none), semantically categorized item clustering (grouped vs. ungrouped), and number of distractors relative to targets (none, equal, double). These encoding and retrieval variables, along with learning attempt number, affected both overall performance levels and the shape of the serial position function, although a large and extensive primacy advantage and a small 1-item recency advantage were found in each case. These results were explained well by a version of the scale-independent memory, perception, and learning model that accounted for improved performance by increasing the value of only a single parameter that reflects reduced interference from distant items.
Valence and Arousal: A Comparison of Two Sets of Emotional Facial Expressions
Authors: ADOLPH DIRK , ALPERS GEORG W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Facial expressions are often used in emotion research. Although they may differ in several relevant features such as the intensity of the facial expressions, the picture sets have not been compared systematically. Because the intensity of expressions is thought to determine the level of emotional arousal induced by the stimulus, the first aim of this study was to test whether 2 frequently used sets of emotional facial expressions induce different levels of perceived arousal. Furthermore, we tested whether the sex of the actor modulates arousal ratings. Participants viewed facial expressions from the NimStim set (more intense expressions) and the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces set (less intense expressions). Female expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces but male expressions from the NimStim set were rated as more emotionally arousing. We conclude that less intense female expressions but more intense male expressions may be more potent in inducing emotional responses. This study may encourage researchers to further compare the properties of picture sets.
Recognizing odors associated with meaningful places
Authors: CUPCHIK GERALD C. , HILSCHER MICHELLE C. , BUTTU DINA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Thirty-two undergraduates inhaled odors while outlining episodes, set in 8 living rooms, involving either themselves or the actual inhabitants. They rated odors, rooms, and episodes on 7-point scales and were tested for odor recognition. Episodes were content analyzed, and the frequency of categories was assessed. Separate factor analyses determined relationships between rating scales and content analysis categories. Regression analysis showed greater odor recognition when participants judged the odor to fit the imagined episode but less recognition when an unpleasant odor was incongruously paired with a warm episode. Odor recognition also was greater when the narrative outlines described familiar characters figuring out the scenes. Results supported the congruity hypothesis, whereby odors become markers for meaningful scenes with which they fit.
Credibility judgments of narratives: Language, plausibility, and absorption
Authors: NAHARI GALIT , GLICKSOHN JOSEPH , NACHSON ISRAEL 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted in order to find out whether textual features of narratives differentially affect credibility judgments made by judges having different levels of absorption (a disposition associated with rich visual imagination). Participants in both experiments were exposed to a textual narrative and requested to judge whether the narrator actually experienced the event he described in his story. In Experiment 1, the narrative varied in terms of language (literal, figurative) and plausibility (ordinary, anomalous). In Experiment 2, the narrative varied in terms of language only. The participants’ perceptions of the plausibility of the story described and the extent to which they were absorbed in reading were measured. The data from both experiments together suggest that the groups applied entirely different criteria in credibility judgments. For high-absorption individuals, their credibility judgment depends on the degree to which the text can be assimilated into their own vivid imagination, whereas for low-absorption individuals it depends mainly on plausibility. That is, high-absorption individuals applied an experiential mental set while judging the credibility of the narrator, whereas low-absorption individuals applied an instrumental mental set. Possible cognitive mechanisms and implications for credibility judgments are discussed.
Testing the attention shift hypothesis as an account for the flanker sequence-based congruency modulation in spatial flanker tasks
Authors: ZEISCHKA PETER , DEROOST NATACHA , HENDERICKX DAVID , SOETENS ERIC 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Smaller Simon effects when stimulus locations are repeated on successive trials rather than alternated have been explained by the attention shift hypothesis, suggesting that shifts of attention result in interfering response codes. We investigated whether the attention shift hypothesis can also explain smaller flanker effects for repeated flankers than for alternated flankers, which occur only with directional information. In 3 peripheral letter identification tasks, target locations were cued by partial or complete flanker stimuli. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that directional flankers elicit shifts of attention. However, Experiment 3 revealed that directional flankers induced inverted cuing effects when reacting to the central target arrow was additionally required. These results are difficult to reconcile with the attention shift hypothesis as an explanation for the congruency reduction with repetitions of directional flankers.
The influence of surface color information and color knowledge information in object recognition
Authors: BRAMÃO INÊS , FAÍSCA LUÍS , PETERSSON KARL MAGNUS , REIS ALEXANDRA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In order to clarify whether the influence of color knowledge information in object recognition depends on the presence of the appropriate surface color, we designed a name—object verification task. The relationship between color and shape information provided by the name and by the object photo was manipulated in order to assess color interference independently of shape interference. We tested three different versions for each object: typically colored, black and white, and nontypically colored. The response times on the nonmatching trials were used to measure the interference between the name and the photo. We predicted that the more similar the name and the photo are, the longer it would take to respond. Overall, the color similarity effect disappeared in the black-and-white and nontypical color conditions, suggesting that the influence of color knowledge on object recognition depends on the presence of the appropriate surface color information.
An investigation into differences between the structure of temperament and the structure of personality
Authors: TROFIMOVA IRINA 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article analyzes the differences between an activity-specific temperament model and the Big Five personality model using the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire–Compact (STQ-77). The STQ-77 has 3 emotionality scales and 9 scales assessing 3 dynamic aspects (arousal, lability, and sensory sensitivity) in 3 areas of activity (physical, verbal–social, and mental). The results of administration of the Russian STQ-77, NEO-FFI, and SSS-V to 174 Russian participants showed how components of temperament can represent the traits described in the Big Five model. The confirmatory factor analysis of the English STQ-77 and the results of a study involving a prolonged word classification task with 221 Canadian participants showed the benefits of the activity-specific approach, separating temperament traits in three areas of activity. Such specificity of temperament traits differentiates them from personality traits.
Treatment Satisfaction in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Glanz Bonnie I. , Musallam Alexander , Rintell David J. , Chitnis Tanuja , Weiner Howard L. , Healy Brian C. 
Published: April 2014

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with inconvenient methods of administration, significant side effects, and low adherence rates. This study was undertaken to compare treatment satisfaction in MS patients treated with interferon beta-1a intramuscular (IFNβ-1a IM), interferon beta-1a subcutaneous (IFNβ-1a SC), glatiramer acetate (GA), and natalizumab (NTZ), and to examine the associations between treatment satisfaction ratings and adherence to therapy.
Methods: Two hundred twenty-six treated MS patients completed the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medicine. Multivariable models were used to compare treatment satisfaction across groups.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in overall treatment satisfaction. The NTZ group reported greater satisfaction with the ability of the medication to treat or prevent MS than the IFNβ-1a IM group. The NTZ group also reported higher overall convenience scores than the IFNβ-1a IM group and greater satisfaction with ease of use of the medication than the interferon and GA groups. Patients in the IFNβ-1a IM group reported less satisfaction with ease of planning when to use the medication than those in the other groups. Convenience was associated with adherence in IFNβ-1a SC- and GA-treated patients, with lower convenience scores associated with lower adherence.
Conclusions: These results may be useful to MS patients and health-care providers facing decisions about DMT use.