bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraperitoneal administration of α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) suppresses food intake and induces anxiety‐like behavior via the brain MC4 receptor‐signaling pathway in goldfish
Authors: Watanabe Keisuke , Konno Norifumi , Nakamachi Tomoya , Matsuda Kouhei 
Published: August 2024

Abstractα‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) is a peptide hormone released from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary which regulates body pigmentation. In addition to the pituitary, α‐MSH is also produced in the midbrain, and exerts both anorexigenic and an anxiogenic actions. Acyl ghrelin and cholecystokinin are peripheral hormones derived from the digestive tract which affect the brain to control food intake and feeding behavior in vertebrates. In the present study, hypothesizing that plasma α‐MSH may also stimulate the brain and exert central effects, we examined whether peripherally administered α‐MSH affects food intake and psychomotor activity using a goldfish model. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of α‐MSH at 100 pmol g−1 body weight (BW) reduced food consumption and enhanced thigmotaxis. These α‐MSH‐induced actions were blocked by intracerebroventricular administration of HS024, an antagonist of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), at 50 pmol g−1 BW, whereas these actions were not attenuated by pretreatment with an IP‐injected excess amount of capsaicin, a neurotoxin that destroys primary sensory (vagal and splanchnic) afferents, at 160 nmol g−1 BW. Transcripts for the MC4R showed higher expression in the diencephalon in other regions of the brain. These results suggest that, in goldfish, IP administered α‐MSH is taken up by the brain, and also acts as anorexigenic and anxiogenic factor via the MC4R signaling pathway.
Incidence and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis using administrative claims data
Authors: Imoto Waki , Ihara Yasutaka , Imai Takumi , Kawai Ryota , Yamada Koichi , Kaneko Yukihiro , Shintani Ayumi , Kakeya Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is one of the noticeable complications of COVID‐19 and its incidence varies widely. In Japan, research on the incidence, risk factors and mortality associated with CAPA is limited.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the incidence and potential risk factors for CAPA in patients with severe or critical COVID‐19 and evaluate the relationship between CAPA and mortality of patients with severe or critical COVID‐19.MethodsWe investigated the incidence of CAPA in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19 using administrative claims data from acute care hospitals in Japan. We employed multivariable regression models to explore potential risk factors for CAPA and their contribution to mortality in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19.ResultsThe incidence of CAPA was 0.4%–2.7% in 33,136 patients with severe to critical COVID‐19. Age, male sex, chronic lung disease, steroids, immunosuppressants, intensive care unit admission, blood transfusion and dialysis were potential risk factors for CAPA in patients with severe to critical COVID‐19. CAPA was an independent factor associated with mortality.ConclusionsCAPA is a serious complication in patients with severe and critical COVID‐19 and may increase mortality.
Inopinatus corneliae sp. nov. gen. nov. isolated from human skin: A newly discovered keratinophilic hyphomycete, order Onygenales
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Gräser Yvonne , Voss Karen , Langen Katharina Antonia , Yurkov Andrey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFungi clinically relevant to human skin comprise prevalent commensals and well‐known pathogens. Only rarely human skin harbours fungi that evade identification.ObjectiveTo characterise an enigmatic specimen isolated from a skin lesion.MethodsA comprehensive clinical and mycological workup including conventional methods for phenotypic characterisation and sequencing based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions to infer a phylogenetic tree.ResultsCultures on common solid media were macroscopically inconspicuous initially until mycelial tufts developed on the surface, notably on potato dextrose agar. Polymorphous chlamydospores were detected but no aleurospores and ascomata. At 26°C, the isolate grew on standard agars, plant materials and garden soil and utilised peptone, keratins, lipids, inulin, erythrocytes and cellulose. It also grew at 5°C and at 37°C. Nucleotide sequences of its ITS region showed 93% similarity to sequences of different Malbranchea species. The closest matches among LSU rRNA sequences were obtained with the genera Amauroascus, Arthroderma, Auxarthronopsis and Malbranchea (93%–95%). A combined phylogenetic analysis placed the fungus in a sister clade to Neogymnomycetaceae, classified as incertae sedis in Onygenales, on a large distance to either Diploospora rosea or ‘Amauroascus’ aureus.ConclusionsThe genus Inopinatus gen. nov. (MB854685) with the species Inopinatus corneliae sp. nov. (MB854687) is introduced to accommodate our isolate (holotype: DSM 116806; isotypes: CBS 151104, IHEM 29063). Probably Inopinatus corneliae is a geophilic species that, although potentially harmful, was no relevant pathogen in our case. Its ecology, epidemiology and pathogenicity need to be further clarified.
Augmented type 2 inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis patients experiencing systemic reactions to house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy
Authors: Ji Ping , Yang Lin , Zhu Li , Hu Lintao , Wang Yin , Shi Cancan , Jiang Qing , Huang Nan , Yang Yaqi , Chen Hao , Zhu Rongfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) can induce systemic reactions (SRs) in certain patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.MethodsAR patients who were undergoing standardized HDM SCIT (Alutard, ALK) between 2018 and 2022 were screened. Those who experienced two consecutive SRs were included in the study group. A control group was established, matched 1:1 by gender, age, and disease duration with the study group, who did not experience SRs during SCIT. Clinical and immunological parameters were recorded and analyzed both before SCIT and after 1 year of treatment.ResultsA total of 161 patients were included, with 79 (49.07%) in the study group. The study group had a higher proportion of AR combined asthma (26.8% vs. 51.8%, p < 0.001) and higher levels of sIgE to HDM and HDM components (all p < .001). Serum IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels in the study group were higher than those in the control group (p < .05). The study group received a lower maintenance dosage of HDM extracts injections than control group due to SRs (50000SQ vs. 100000SQ, p < .05). After 1 year of SCIT, the VAS score, the lung function parameters of asthmatic patients over 14 years old significantly improved in both groups (all p < .05). After a 7‐day exposure to 20 μg/mL HDM extracts, the percentages of Th1, Th17, Tfh10, and Th17.1 in PBMCs decreased, while the Tfh13 cells significantly increased in the study group (p < .05).ConclusionThe type 2 inflammatory response is augmented in HDM‐induced AR patients who experienced SRs during SCIT. Despite this, SCIT remains effective in these patients when administered with low‐dosage allergen extracts.
Error traps in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing noncardiac surgery
Authors: Albertz Megan , Ing Richard J. , Schwartz Lawrence , Navaratnam Manchula 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatients with congenital heart disease are living longer due to improved medical and surgical care. Congenital heart disease encompasses a wide spectrum of defects with varying pathophysiology and unique anesthetic challenges. These patients often present for noncardiac surgery before or after surgical repair and are at increased risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Although there is no singular safe anesthetic technique, identifying potential error traps and tailoring perioperative management may help reduce morbidity and mortality. In this article, we discuss five error traps based on the collective experience of the authors. These error traps can occur when providing perioperative care to patients with congenital heart disease for noncardiac surgery and we present potential solutions to help avoid adverse outcomes.
Comprehensive dental care in patient with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: A 3‐year case study using progressive desensitization techniques and oral sedation
Authors: Sarapultseva Maria , Sarapultsev Alexey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis case study delineates a minimally invasive and effective approach for the aesthetic and functional restoration of teeth in a patient with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS), focusing on the challenges and strategies tailored to their specific dental care needs.Methods and ResultsA 20‐year‐old patient diagnosed with RTS presented at the Pediatric Dentistry Department for a comprehensive dental assessment and care. The individual's genetic condition manifested in unique dental and craniofacial anomalies, complicating standard dental procedures. Following an initial consultation that underscored limited cooperation due to intellectual disabilities, a customized treatment plan was developed. This included behavior modification techniques to acclimate the patient to dental settings and procedures. Utilizing “simplified technologies” such as volumetric polymerization composites and self‐etching primer and adhesive systems, tooth 36 was successfully treated. The approach showcased the potential for dental care in RTS patients with minimal sedation, prioritizing patient comfort and cooperation.ConclusionThe successful dental treatment of the RTS patient highlights the importance of patient‐centered, minimally invasive approaches in managing individuals with special healthcare needs. Emphasizing continuity of care and prioritizing restorative treatments facilitated significant improvements in oral health and patient cooperation. This case contributes to the sparse literature on dental care for RTS patients, advocating for specialized strategies to address their comprehensive oral health needs. The findings underscore the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration and innovative care protocols to ensure effective and empathetic dental treatment for individuals with RTS.
Global prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Awaluddin S. Maria , Lim Kuang Kuay , Shawaluddin Noor Syaqilah 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
This systematic review aims to determine the global pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers in the 6 World Health Organization regions.

Introduction:
The escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity among health care workers significantly affects both individual health and the quality of health care services. Understanding this global prevalence is crucial to be able to implement informed interventions and policies, and for the overall optimization of health care delivery.

Inclusion criteria:
Observational studies with prevalence data for overweight and obesity among health care workers in both private and public health care facilities will be considered for inclusion. Transparent documentation of anthropometric measurements and adherence to established overweight and obesity criteria by the WHO, Asia Pacific standards, or Asian criteria are required to be eligible for inclusion. The review will focus on observational study designs, including cross-sectional, survey, case-control, and cohort studies.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection will be searched for records with predefined keywords, including MeSH terms. Records found through hand-searching and reference lists will be added. Two researchers will independently screen studies, resolving any discrepancies with a third researcher. Standardized critical appraisal and data extraction forms will be used. If suitable, pooled prevalence for overweight and obesity based on the 6 WHO regions will be calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Statistical analysis will be performed and publication bias will be assessed through funnel plot analysis using either Egger, Begg, or Harbord test.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023452330
Resistance exercise breaks during prolonged sitting augment the blood flow response to a subsequent oral glucose load in sedentary adults
Authors: Rogers Emily M. , Banks Nile F. , Trachta Emma R. , Wolf Morgan S. , Berry Alexander C. , Stanhewicz Anna E. , Carr Lucas J. , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSitting‐induced impairments in postprandial blood flow are an important link between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic disease risk. The objective of this work was to examine the effects of resistance exercise breaks (REB) performed every 30 min during an otherwise sedentary 3‐h period on the vasodilatory response to a subsequent oral glucose load in sedentary adults. Twenty‐four sedentary adults (27 ± 7 years, 16 females) completed two conditions. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, popliteal artery blood flow (PABF) and gastrocnemius perfusion were measured immediately before standardized breakfast consumption. After breakfast, the 3‐h REB or uninterrupted (SIT) intervention period commenced. Participants sat at a workstation, and popliteal artery shear rate (PASR) was measured 60 and 120 min into this period. In the REB condition, participants performed a 3‐min REB (3 × [20 s squats, 20 s high knees, 20 s calf raises]) every 30 min. Following the intervention period, baseline measurements were repeated. Participants then consumed a 75 g glucose beverage, and PABF and perfusion were measured every 30–60 min for the following 120 min. Relative to SIT, REB increased PASR at 60 min (+31.4 ± 9.2/s, P = 0.037) and 120 min (+37.4 ± 10.2/s, P = 0.019) into the intervention period. Insulin and glucose increased (P < 0.001) in response to glucose consumption, with no differences between conditions (P ≥ 0.299). In response to the glucose load, perfusion (1.57 vs. 1.11 mL/100 mL/min, P = 0.023) and PABF (+45.3 ± 11.8 mL/min, P = 0.001) were greater after REB versus SIT. Performing 3‐min REB every 30 min during an otherwise sedentary 3‐h period augmented leg blood flow responses to an oral glucose load.
A Repurposable Attribute Basis for Identifying Repurposing Opportunities in Decommissioned Products
Authors: Hewa Witharanage Shenal Dilanjaya , Otto Kevin , Li Wen , Holtta-Otto Katja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Repurposing is a decommissioning strategy that enables multiple life cycles for a product or its components. However, repurposing is challenging since it requires finding an alternative use for an existing product. Therefore, a starting point to analyze a product in the context of repurposing is required. We aim to fill this gap by developing a repurposable attribute basis (RAB). We identified and analyzed 69 unique repurposing examples to understand the underlying attributes utilized during the repurposing. When repurposing a product to develop a new one, a common attribute is a quality or characteristic both products have (e.g., material property). A transformer attribute is an action that helps one product to be transformed into another product (e.g., deform). All analyzed repurposing examples utilized 13 common attributes and 15 transformer attributes. We discuss the 28 repurposable attributes and present them as the RAB for identifying repurposing opportunities in decommissioned products. The implications of the basis on creativity-based and data-driven methods for identifying repurposing opportunities are discussed using two example applications. The RAB appears useful for idea generation as a creativity stimulus and as a prompt modifier when using large language models. The RAB could serve as a foundation, increasing the understanding and utilization of repurposing as a decommissioning strategy.
Numerical Simulation Study on Coupled Heat Transfer During the Heating Process of Hot Isostatic Pressing Equipment
Authors: Lida Che , Yuqi Feng , Jie Zhao , Xiangyang Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology is currently the primary process for manufacturing high-performance advanced materials, powder metallurgy, and diffusion bonding. With the increasing demand for enhanced material performance and a wider range of materials, the HIP process now requires reaching temperatures of up to 2000 °C and pressures of 200 MPa, with a temperature range of less than ±5 °C. This presents significant challenges in equipment design. This article utilizes engineering data inversion methods to accurately determine material parameters under high temperatures and establishes a visual simulation model for the core area of HIP equipment. By comparing the calculated temperatures with actual equipment temperature uniformity during experimental processes, the study found that after 120 min of heating, the simulated temperature in the working area closely matched the actual engineering temperature of 2105.36 K, with an error of less than 5%. Under empty furnace conditions, the minimum temperature difference in the working area is 12 K, and effective temperature uniformity can be easily achieved through insulation. Simulation results indicated that the processed product may decrease temperature uniformity in the furnace, suggesting that adding bottom insulation could increase temperature uniformity in the effective heat zone by 25%. This research provides a theoretical foundation for HIP equipment design and process optimization through simulation, ultimately enhancing process quality in a cost-effective and cost-efficient manner.
Examination of static fission properties of $$^{236}$$U and $$^{233}$$Th using Cassinian oval parametrization within the macroscopic–microscopic approach
Authors: Jachimowicz P. , Capote R. , Kowal M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe have conducted a thorough analysis of the potential energy surfaces (PES) in $$^{236}$$

236

U and $$^{233}$$

233

Th using the Cassini-ovals parameterization within the macro–micro approach. We employed the state-of-the-art immersion water flow (IWF) method to study the saddles on four-dimensional energy grids encompassing reflection-asymmetric shapes. For $$^{233}$$

233

Th, we computed the adiabatic potential energy surfaces by minimizing configurations with one blocked neutron within ten levels below and above the Fermi level. Our results show satisfactory agreement with empirical and experimental estimates for both nuclei, specifically regarding the first and second fission barriers. This suggests that our method holds promise in efficiently describing non-compact shapes while reducing the dimensionality of the space without sacrificing accuracy. Interestingly, employing Cassinian oval parameterization fails to reveal a pronounced, hyper-deformed third minimum in the potential energy landscape. Instead, only a shallow third minimum is observed for $$^{233}$$

233

Th, while in $$^{236}$$

236

U, this minimum ultimately vanishes. This finding holds significant importance when considering the modeling of fission cross-sections.
The engagement of the cerebellum and basal ganglia enhances expertise in a sensorimotor adaptation task
Authors: Tan Joshua B. , Müller Eli , Zahorodnii Andrii , Shine James M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ability to adapt to changes in the environment is essential for skilled performance, especially in competitive sports and events, where experts consistently perform at the highest level, rapidly adapting to unpredictable conditions. Current studies have identified cortical-cortical interactions between the premotor and primary motor cortex during expert performance; however, while these interactions are important for planning and execution, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying learning, feedback, and adaptation remains unclear. Subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum, have dense connections with the cerebral cortex through which they provide precise topological constraints that could putatively play a crucial role in fast, accurate task execution. To test this hypothesis, we tracked cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar BOLD activity during a visuomotor rotation task in which participants executed a visual cue-driven, ballistic motor task across three conditions: at baseline; following a 45° clockwise motor rotational perturbation; and then within a follow-up (washout) condition. We observed increased recruitment of primary visual, basal ganglia, and cerebellar regions that robustly covaried with fast, accurate performance across all conditions (baseline, rotation, and washout). Tracking individualised performance across participants, we observed three distinct groups: experts (consistently fast and accurate), adapters (initially poor with improvement to expert-level), and non-adapters (initially good but ultimately poor performance). The experts and adapter groups demonstrated performances that were robust to changes in conditions and were more variable in their neural signatures between trials, whereas the performance of non-adapters decreased with changes in conditions and were characterised by less variable neural signatures. These results aligned with the tenets of the differential learning theory. To establish the validity of our interpretation of these whole-brain signatures and behavioural patterns, the neuroimaging results were reproduced by training recurrent neural networks representing each group and analysing their resultant activity patterns. Together, these results provide evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia contributions to expertise in adaptation and suggest a possible connection between variable brain patterns and robust performance.
Postpragmatism: Quine, Rorty, and a thoroughgoing Atheoreticism
Authors: Piacente Albert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper develops the pragmatic “atheoreticism” of Quine and Rorty. A position I dub “postpragmatism”—paralleling the post phases of modernism and humanism—my purpose here is to bring to a culmination what Quine and Rorty started decades before. By doing so, I argue, it becomes possible for Quine, and more so Rorty, to avoid the most common critiques of their atheoretic form of pragmatism. Chief among them, that it is mired in self-contradiction. Rather than rely upon theory to justify atheoreticism—the very stuff of their self-contradiction—I rely instead upon Rorty’s own insouciance, syncretism, and eclecticism to shift the ground of debate from concern with what is justified to concern with what is interesting.
Democracy as Communication: Towards a Normative Framework for Evaluating Digital Technologies
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Are current digital technologies supporting democracy? Answering that question depends, among other things, on what is meant by democracy. This article mobilizes a communicative conception of democracy. While it is generally accepted that communication is important for democracy, there are directions in democracy theory that understand communication as not merely instrumental but as central to what democracy is and should be. Inspired by Dewey, Habermas, and Young, this paper articulates a conception of democracy as communication. It is then argued that this “deep-communicative” ideal of democracy, together with the usual ethical and epistemic norms of communication as sketched by O’Neill, offer a tentative normative framework for evaluating digital technologies in relation to democracy.