bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redundancy and Interaction of Thrombin- and Collagen-Mediated Platelet Activation in Tail Bleeding and Carotid Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Bynagari-Settipalli Yamini S. , Cornelissen Ivo , Palmer Daniel , Duong Daniel , Concengco Cherry , Ware Jerry , Coughlin Shaun R. 
Published: October 2014

Objective—
Current antiplatelet strategies to prevent myocardial infarction and stroke are limited by bleeding risk. A better understanding of the roles of distinct platelet-activating pathways is needed. We determined whether platelet activation by 2 key primary activators, thrombin and collagen, plays distinct, redundant, or interacting roles in tail bleeding and carotid thrombosis in mice.

Approach and Results—

Platelets from mice deficient for the thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor-4 (Par4) and the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI protein (GPVI) lack responses to thrombin and collagen, respectively. We examined tail bleeding and FeCl
3
-induced carotid artery occlusion in mice lacking Par4, GPVI, or both. We also examined a series of Par mutants with increasing impairment of thrombin signaling in platelets. Ablation of thrombin signaling alone by Par4 deficiency increased blood loss in the tail bleeding assay and impaired occlusive thrombus formation in the carotid occlusion assay. GPVI deficiency alone had no effect. Superimposing GPVI deficiency on Par4 deficiency markedly increased effect size in both assays. In contrast to complete ablation of thrombin signaling, 9- and 19-fold increases in EC
50
for thrombin-induced platelet activation had only modest effects.

Conclusions—
The observation that loss of Par4 uncovered large effects of GPVI deficiency implies that Par4 and GPVI made independent, partially redundant contributions to occlusive thrombus formation in the carotid and to hemostatic clot formation in the tail under the experimental conditions examined. At face value, these results suggest that thrombin- and collagen-induced platelet activation can play partially redundant roles, despite important differences in how these agonists are made available to platelets.
Age-Related Differences in Phosphodiesterase Activity and Effects of Chronic Phosphodiesterase Inhibition in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nakano Stephanie J. , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Movsesian Matthew , Nelson Penny , Stauffer Brian L. , Sucharov Carmen C. 
Published: October 2014

Background—
Despite the application of proven adult heart failure therapies to children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), prognosis remains poor. Clinical experience with phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors (PDE3i) in pediatric patients with IDC, however, demonstrates improved heart failure symptoms without the increased incidence of sudden death seen in adults treated with PDE3i. We sought to determine age-related differences in PDE activity and associated intracellular signaling responsible for the efficacy and relative safety of chronic PDE3i in pediatric heart failure.

Methods and Results—

cAMP levels, PDE activity, and phospholamban phosphorylation (pPLB) were determined in explanted human left ventricular myocardium (pediatric n=41; adult n=88). Adults and children with IDC (not treated with PDE3i) had lower cAMP and pPLB compared with nonfailing controls. In contrast to their adult counterparts, pediatric IDC patients chronically treated with PDE3i had elevated cAMP (
P
=0.0403) and pPLB (
P
=0.0119). In addition, total PDE- and PDE3-specific activities were not altered in pediatric IDC patients on PDE3i, whereas adult IDC patients on PDE3i demonstrated higher total PDE-specific (74.6±13.8 pmol/mg per minute) and PDE3-specific (48.2±15.9 pmol/mg per minute) activities in comparison with those of nonfailing controls (59.5±14.4 and 35.5±12.8 pmol/mg per minute, respectively).

Conclusions—
Elevated cAMP and higher pPLB may contribute to sustained hemodynamic benefits in pediatric IDC patients treated with PDE3i. In contrast, higher total PDE and PDE3 activities in adult IDC patients treated with PDE3i may perpetuate lower myocardial cAMP and pPLB levels, limiting the potential benefits of PDE3i therapy.
Les juristes malikites en Occident musulman entre soumission et révolte (IIe-IXe/VIIIe-XVe siècle)
Authors: Hentati Nejmeddine 
Published: October 2014

Dans cette étude, nous montrons que l’attitude des juristes malikites vis-à-vis du prince n’était pas unifiée, ce qui nous permet de classer ces juristes en trois catégories : les révoltés, les soumis et les réservés. Si les révoltés participèrent à des révoltes et se permirent même dans certains cas de tirer l’épée contre le prince, les soumis, que les sources qualifient de ʿulamā’ al-salāṭīn, cherchèrent à rendre divers services au prince et mirent l’accent sur l’obligation des sujets de lui être soumis. La troisième catégorie de juristes porta son attention sur les devoirs du prince et tenta de se faire les porte – parole du petit peuple et de la religion. Nous rattachons cette diversité d’attitudes à plusieurs données historiques, dont la position ambiguë de Mālik b. Anas vis-à-vis du prince. In this study, I show that the attitudes of Mālikī jurists towards the ruler fall into three categories: rebellious, submissive, and reserved: Rebelious jurists participated in revolts and, in some cases, drew their swords against the ruler; submissive jurists – identified in the sources as ʿulamāʾ al-salāṭīn – performed favors for the ruler and emphasized the obligation of his subjects to submit to him; reserved jurists focused on the duties of the ruler and attempted to give voice to the common people and religion. I link these three positions to historical data, including the ambiguous position of Mālik b. Anas vis-à-vis the ruler.
Behavioural features of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the mating process
Authors: Liu Bao-Jun , Hu Jia-Fu , Liu Zhen-Yu , Xu Liang , Lu Quan , Li Yong-Xia , Zhang Xing-Yao 
Published: October 2014

The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is able to produce hundreds of thousands of offspring in a short time. Its mating behaviour might play a basic role in this marked fecundity. We investigated the features of the mating behaviour of B. xylophilus using long-time microscope video and repeated observations. The mating behaviour of B. xylophilus could be separated into a series of sequential sub-behaviours, including cruising, approaching, encountering, touching, hooping, locating, attaching, ejaculating, separating, quiescence and roaming. Overall, the process of mating behaviour could be divided into four different phases, searching, contacting, copulating and lingering; the mean times for these different phases varied significantly with 21.8 ± 2.0 min, 28.0 ± 1.9 min, 23.6 ± 0.7 min and 7.2 ± 0.5 min for each of the four phases, respectively. Attraction between the sexes was observed, indicating that sex pheromone(s) might be involved in mating behaviour of B. xylophilus. In addition, when one female was placed with three males, male-male competition was observed, which might be caused by mating-choice pressure from the female. Intra-sexual competition of females was also occasionally observed.
Description of two Pseudaphelenchus species (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) associated with Asian termites and proposal of Tylaphelenchinae n. subfam.
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Li Hou-Feng , Lan Yen-Chiu , Giblin-Davis Robin M. 
Published: October 2014

Two newPseudaphelenchusspecies were discovered from subterranean and arboreal termites from the East Asian subtropics.Pseudaphelenchus suin. sp. isolated fromCoptotermes formosanuswas collected from Miyako Isl., Okinawa, Japan, andP. scheffrahnin. sp. was isolated fromNasutitermes takasagoensiscollected from the Kenting National Park in Taiwan. The two new species andP. vindai, previously described from Panamanian termites, are close to each other, and are not easily distinguished morphologically,i.e., these three are almost ‘cryptic species’. However, they can be distinguished based on minor morphological differences, including shape of male bursa (clearest inP. vindai, vague inP. suin. sp. and intermediate inP. scheffrahnin. sp.), male tail tip (P. suin. sp. often have a small mucron but the others do not), and in the character of the female tail (the two new species have stronger ventral curvature thanP. vindai, and further,P. suin. sp. has clear annulation at distal part, while the other species do not). Molecular phylogenetic analysis based upon near-full-length sequences of the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene suggested thatPseudaphelenchusandTylaphelenchusform a strongly-supported clade at the base of the family Aphelenchoididae, and thatTylaphelenchusis included inPseudaphelenchusas an inner clade. Therefore, based on their phylogenetic status and common morphological characters,e.g., small body and spherical median bulb, a subfamily, Tylaphelenchinae n. subfam. is proposed to embrace these two genera. In addition,Ruehmaphelenchus ipidicolan. comb. (= Tylaphelenchusipidicola) is proposed.
On the systematic position of the genus Timmiella (Dicranidae, Bryopsida) and its allied genera, with the description of a new family Timmiellaceae
Authors: Inoue Yuya , Tsubota Hiromi 
Published: October 2014

Based on our molecular phylogenetic analysis of haplolepideous mosses with concatenated sequences of chloroplast rps4 and rbcL genes, a new family Timmiellaceae is erected to accommodate the genera Timmiella and Luisierella, both of which have been formerly included in the family Pottiaceae. The family Timmiellaceae is resolved as a second-branching clade together with Distichium (Distichiaceae) within the Dicranidae (haplolepideous moss) lineages and phylogenetically distinct from the Pottiaceae. Reassessment of morphological characters suggests that a combination of the characters: 1) adaxially bulging and abaxially flat leaf surfaces, 2) sinistrorse or straight peristomes, when present, and 3) sinistrorsely arranged operculum cells is unique to Timmiellaceae and discriminates it from other haplolepideous moss families.
Juncus fascinatus (Juncaceae), a new combination in Juncus sect. Ozophyllum and notes on morphologically similar species
Authors: Knapp Wesley Wesley 
Published: October 2014

Please note the figure legend for Fig. 7 (page 253): FIGURE 7. Specimen of Juncus paludosus (A) with inserts showing mature capsule (B), leaf auricle (C) and leaf septa (D). Specimen photo R. Kral 96539B DOV, capsule and auricle A. Curtis 4940 DOV. Scale bar = 1 mm. Should read: FIGURE 7. Specimen of Juncus polycephalos (A) with inserts showing mature capsule (B), leaf auricle (C) and leaf septa (D). Specimen photo R. Kral 96539B DOV, capsule and auricle A. Curtis 4940 DOV. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Forced and Internal Variability of Tropical Cyclone Track Density in the Western North Pacific*
Authors: Mei Wei , Xie Shang-Ping , Zhao Ming , Wang Yuqing 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Forced interannual-to-decadal variability of annual tropical cyclone (TC) track density in the western North Pacific between 1979 and 2008 is studied using TC tracks from observations and simulations by a 25-km-resolution version of the GFDL High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) that is forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Two modes dominate the decadal variability: a nearly basinwide mode, and a dipole mode between the subtropics and lower latitudes. The former mode links to variations in TC number and is forced by SST variations over the off-equatorial tropical central North Pacific, whereas the latter might be associated with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The interannual variability is also controlled by two modes: a basinwide mode driven by SST anomalies of opposite signs located in the tropical central Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean, and a southeast–northwest dipole mode connected to the conventional eastern Pacific ENSO. The seasonal evolution of the ENSO effect on TC activity is further explored via a joint empirical orthogonal function analysis using TC track density of consecutive seasons, and the analysis reveals that two types of ENSO are at work. Internal variability in TC track density is then examined using ensemble simulations from both HiRAM and a regional atmospheric model. It exhibits prominent spatial and seasonal patterns, and it is particularly strong in the South China Sea and along the coast of East Asia. This makes an accurate prediction and projection of TC landfall extremely challenging in these regions. In contrast, basin-integrated metrics (e.g., total TC counts and TC days) are more predictable.
The Effects of Assimilating Conventional and ATOVS Data on Forecasted Near-Surface Wind with WRF-3DVAR
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Yang Yi , Wang Chenghai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (WRF-3DVAR) system is used to investigate the impact on the near-surface wind forecast of assimilating both conventional data and Advanced Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) radiances compared with assimilating conventional data only. The results show that the quality of the initial field and the forecast performance of wind in the lower atmosphere are improved in both assimilation cases. Assimilation results capture the spatial distribution of the wind speed, and the observation data assimilation has a positive effect on near-surface wind forecasts. Although the impacts of assimilating ATOVS radiances on near-surface wind forecasts are limited, the fine structure of local weather systems illustrated by the WRF-3DVAR system suggests that assimilating ATOVS radiances has a positive effect on the near-surface wind forecast under conditions that ATOVS radiances in the initial condition are properly amplified. Assimilating conventional data is an effective approach for improving the forecast of the near-surface wind.
Representing Richardson Number Hysteresis in the NWP Boundary Layer
Authors: McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Zadra Ayrton 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) transports heat, momentum, and moisture in eddies that are not resolvable by current NWP systems. Numerical models typically parameterize this process using vertical diffusion operators whose coefficients depend on the intensity of the expected turbulence. The PBL scheme employed in this study uses a one-and-a-half-order closure based on a predictive equation for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). For a stably stratified fluid, the growth and decay of TKE is largely controlled by the dynamic stability of the flow as represented by the Richardson number. Although the existence of a critical Richardson number that uniquely separates turbulent and laminar regimes is predicted by linear theory and perturbation analysis, observational evidence and total energy arguments suggest that its value is highly uncertain. This can be explained in part by the apparent presence of turbulence regime-dependent critical values, a property known as Richardson number hysteresis. In this study, a parameterization of Richardson number hysteresis is proposed. The impact of including this effect is evaluated in systems of increasing complexity: a single-column model, a forecast case study, and a full assimilation cycle. It is shown that accounting for a hysteretic loop in the TKE equation improves guidance for a canonical freezing rain event by reducing the diffusive elimination of the warm nose aloft, thus improving the model’s representation of PBL profiles. Systematic enhancements in predictive skill further suggest that representing Richardson number hysteresis in PBL schemes using higher-order closures has the potential to yield important and physically relevant improvements in guidance quality.
Variability of Specific Airway Resistance in Patients with Laryngeal Hemiplegia
Authors: Cantarella Giovanna , Fasano Valter , Bucchioni Enrica , Maraschi Barbara , Cesana Bruno M. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: This study was designed to analyze whether respiratory flows and specific airway resistance (sRaw) depend on the degree of breathiness and on the position of the paralyzed vocal fold in laryngeal hemiplegia. Methods: We performed a prospective study involving 55 patients affected by laryngeal hemiplegia. Results: The paralyzed fold was in an intermediate position in 18 cases and in a paramedian position in 37. Breathiness was estimated with the GRBAS scale, and the patients were divided into four groups: B0 (12 patients), B1 (14), B2 (16), and B3 (13). Spirometry was used to measure the flow-volume loop, and body plethysmography was used to measure the sRaw at increasing respiratory frequencies (30 ± 5, 60 ± 5, and 90 ± 5 breaths per minute). The mean inspiratory flows (PIF, FIF50) were lower than predicted (<80%) in all four groups; there was no significant intergroup difference. In all four groups, the mean FEF50/FIF50 ratio was >1, as is typical of variable extrathoracic obstruction. The mean sRaw values increased with respiratory frequency, and the increase was higher in group B3, although the values varied widely. The frequency-dependent increase in the sRaw value was not significantly related to the degree of breathiness, nor to the position of the paralyzed fold. Furthermore, Spearman's coefficient did not reveal any correlation between the sRaw values and inspiratory flows, showing that plethysmography and spirometry explore different aspects of airway function. Conclusions: Respiratory flows and sRaw are not significantly influenced by either the degree of breathiness or the position of the paralyzed vocal fold.
Combined Endoscopic Transmaxillary-Transnasal Approach to the Pterygoid Region, Lateral Sphenoid Sinus, and Retrobulbar Orbit
Authors: Har-El Gady 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: The sublabial transmaxillary approach to the pterygoid region was a popular one during the Caldwell-Luc, pre-endoscopic era. It was the procedure of choice for management of lesions of the pterygopalatine space, for internal maxillary artery ligation, and for vidian neurectomy. With the introduction of endoscopic instrumentation and techniques, the Caldwell-Luc procedure is rarely performed today. Also, because vidian neurectomy is performed less frequently, and because internal maxillary artery ligation for severe epistaxis has been replaced with transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation, the sublabial transmaxillary route is rarely used. We have found that combining the use of endoscopes via the sublabial approach and the transnasal endoscopic approach is very helpful for management of extreme lateral lesions of the sphenoid sinus, as well as the pterygoid region and the posterior orbit. Methods: The records of patients who underwent a combined endoscopic transmaxillary-transnasal approach between 1994 and 2002 were reviewed. Indications for the procedure included extreme lateral sphenoid and pterygoid encephalocele (3 patients), pterygoid mucocele (2 patients), orbital apex lesion (2 patients), and pterygopalatine tumor (2 patients). Results: Nine patients underwent the above-mentioned procedure. Wide and comfortable exposure of the involved region was achieved in all cases. Compared with the transnasal approach, the working distance, working comfort, and maneuverability of instruments were significantly enhanced. There were no major complications related to the approach. Because the maxillary wall opening is very small, infraorbital hypoesthesia is very limited and of short duration. Conclusions: Combining the transmaxillary and transnasal approaches for endoscopic management of pterygoid, lateral sphenoid, and retrobulbar orbit lesions provides excellent exposure and avoids the limited working angle and surgical struggle that may be associated with the use of the transnasal approach alone.
Office-Based Laryngoscopic Observations of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paresis and Paralysis
Authors: Fleischer Susanne , Schade Götz , Hess Markus M. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the endoscopic criteria of recurrent laryngeal nerve disorders, we performed a retrospective evaluation of videolaryngoscopic recordings from 50 patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve disorders. Methods: The videolaryngoscopic examination was performed with rigid and flexible endoscopes. The range of motion of three laryngeal structures was assessed: the vocal ligament, the vocal process, and the arytenoid “hump” (mainly the corniculate region). Results: Comparison of movement of these three structures revealed discrepancies. In 16 of 45 patients (36%) rigid endoscopy showed movements of the arytenoid hump associated with absence of any mobility of the vocal process and vocal ligament. In 5 patients the extent of movement of the vocal process and vocal ligament was less than that of the arytenoid hump. Only in 24 of 45 cases were the ratings for the vocal process, vocal ligament, and arytenoid hump identical. The findings of fiberscopy were comparable. Conclusions: In assessing recurrent laryngeal nerve disorders via laryngoscopy, sole judgment of the arytenoid hump movement can mislead. Our interpretation suggests that visible movement of the mucosa covering the arytenoid and accessory cartilages is not always paralleled by movement of the arytenoid cartilage itself. It was shown that the best criterion to rely on in endoscopy is movement of the vocal process or the vocal ligament.
Correlation of Pneumonia Score with Electronic Nose Signature: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hockstein Neil G. , Thaler Erica R. , Lin Yuanqing , Lee D. Daniel , Hanson C. William 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent complication in patients in surgical intensive care units. Pneumonia scores, chest radiography, and bronchoscopy are all employed, but there is no gold standard test for the diagnosis of VAP. The electronic nose, a sensor of volatile molecules, is well suited to testing the breath of mechanically ventilated patients. Our objective was to determine the potential use of an electronic nose as a diagnostic adjunct in the detection of VAP. Methods: We performed a prospective study of mechanically ventilated patients in a surgical intensive care unit. Clinical data, including temperature, white blood cell count, character and quantity of tracheal secretions, ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen, and chest radiographs, were collected, and a pneumonia score between 0 and 10 was calculated. Exhaled gas was sampled from the expiratory limb of the ventilator circuit. The gases were assayed with a commercially available electronic nose. Multidimensional data reduction analysis was used to analyze the results. Results: Forty-four patients were studied. Fifteen patients had pneumonia scores of 7 or greater, and 29 patients had scores of 6 or less. With Fisher discriminant analysis and K—nearest neighbor analysis, the electronic nose was able to discriminate between the two groups. Conclusions: The electronic nose is a new technology that is inexpensive, noninvasive, and portable. We demonstrate its ability to predict pneumonia, based on a well-recognized scoring system. This technology promises to serve as a diagnostic adjunct in the management of VAP.