bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosaNosocomial Pneumonia: Impact of Pneumonia Classification
Authors: Micek Scott T. , Kollef Marin H. , Torres Antoni , Chen Catherine , Rello Jordi , Chastre Jean , Antonelli Massimo , Welte Tobias , Clair Bernard , Ostermann Helmut , Calbo Esther , Wunderink Richard , Menichetti Francesco , Schramm Garrett , Menon Vandana 
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVETo describe and compare the mortality associated with nosocomial pneumonia due toPseudomonas aeruginosa(Pa-NP) according to pneumonia classification (community-onset pneumonia [COP], hospital-acquired pneumonia [(HAP], and ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]).DESIGNWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults withPa-NP. We compared mortality forPa-NP among patients with COP, HAP, and VAP and used logistic regression to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (IIAT).SETTINGTwelve acute care hospitals in 5 countries (United States, 3; France, 2; Germany, 2; Italy, 2; and Spain, 3).PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTSA total of 742 patients withPa-NP.RESULTSHospital mortality was greater for those with VAP (41.9%) and HAP (40.1%) compared with COP (24.5%) (P<.001). In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of hospital mortality differed by pneumonia classification (COP: need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care; HAP: multidrug-resistant isolate; VAP: IIAT, increasing age, increasing Charlson comorbidity score, bacteremia, and use of vasopressors). Presence of multidrug resistance was identified as an independent predictor of IIAT for patients with COP and HAP, whereas recent antibiotic administration was protective in patients with VAP.CONCLUSIONSAmong patients withPa-NP, pneumonia classification identified patients with different risks for hospital mortality. Specific risk factors for hospital mortality also differed by pneumonia classification and multidrug resistance appeared to be an important risk factor for IIAT. These findings suggest that pneumonia classification forP. aeruginosaidentifies patients with different mortality risks and specific risk factors for outcome and IIAT.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;36(10):1190–1197
Three-dimensional streaming flow in confined geometries
Authors: Rallabandi Bhargav , Marin Alvaro , Rossi Massimiliano , Kähler Christian J. , Hilgenfeldt Sascha 
Published: July 2015

Steady streaming vortex flow from microbubbles has been developed into a versatile tool for microfluidic sample manipulation. For ease of manufacture and quantitative control, set-ups have focused on approximately two-dimensional flow geometries based on semi-cylindrical bubbles. The present work demonstrates how the necessary flow confinement perpendicular to the cylinder axis gives rise to non-trivial three-dimensional flow components. This is an important effect in applications such as sorting and micromixing. Using asymptotic theory and numerical integration of fluid trajectories, it is shown that the two-dimensional flow dynamics is modified in two ways: (i) the vortex motion is punctuated by bursts of strong axial displacement near the bubble, on time scales smaller than the vortex period; and (ii) the vortex trajectories drift over time scales much longer than the vortex period, forcing fluid particles onto three-dimensional paths of toroidal topology. Both effects are verified experimentally by quantitative comparison with astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) measurements of streaming flows. It is further shown that the long-time flow patterns obey a Hamiltonian description that is applicable to general confined Stokes flows beyond microstreaming.
The three institutionalisms and institutional dynamics: understanding endogenous and exogenous change
Authors: Koning Edward Anthony 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough new institutionalism has long been criticised for presenting overly static accounts of social reality, that critique is becoming increasingly unwarranted. In recent years, historical, ideational and rational choice institutionalists have produced a rich body of literature on mechanisms and processes of institutional change. This article reviews this emerging literature and concludes that the most promising avenue for future research is to further explore the potential for combining insights from the three subtypes of institutionalism. In the hopes of encouraging future studies of institutional change to engage more explicitly in theoretical integration, this article proposes a sequential approach to combining insights from different traditions and providing comprehensive accounts of exogenous and endogenous processes of institutional change.
Resilience among old Sami women
Authors: ALÉX LENA 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThere is lack of research on old indigenous women's experiences. The aim of this study was to explore how old women narrate their experiences of wellbeing and lack of wellbeing using the salutogenetic concept of resilience. Interviews from nine old Sami women were analysed according to grounded theory with the following themes identified: contributing to resilience and wellbeing built up from the categories feeling connected, feeling independent and creating meaning; and contributing to lack of lack of resilience and wellbeing built up from the category experiencing lack of connectedness. The old Sami women's narratives showed that they were to a high extent resilient and experienced wellbeing. They felt both connected and independent and they were able to create meaning of being an old Sami woman. Having access to economic and cultural capital were for the old Sami women valuable for experiencing resilience. Lack of resilience was expressed as experiences of discrimination, lack of connectedness and living on the border of the dominant society. Analysis of the Sami women's narratives can give wider perspectives on women's health and deepen the perspectives on human resilience and increase the understanding of minority groups in a multicultural world.
Pedigree analysis of the Afrikaner cattle breed
Authors: Pienaar L. , Neser F.W.C. , Grobler J.P. , Scholtz M.M. , MacNeil M.D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe reduction of genetic variability in beef cattle has been extensively researched on a global scale. However, the genetic variability and inbreeding of indigenous cattle breeds of Southern Africa, referred to as Sanga cattle, has been less well characterized. Breeds of Sanga cattle include Afrikaner, Drakensberger and Nguni breeds. In recent years, the number of Afrikaner cattle and herds has decreased. Our objective was to determine the mean level of inbreeding (F), effective population size (Ne) and generation intervals of Afrikaner cattle using their recorded pedigree. A total of 244 718 records extending from 1940 until 2011 were analysed. The average inbreeding coefficient was 1.83 percent and the effective population size was 167.54. The average generation interval was calculated as 6.6 ± 3.9 years. Pedigree analysis on the Afrikaner cattle population yielded levels of inbreeding that appear to be both acceptable and manageable. By implication, the largeNeresults in a low rate of change inF. Current results study can be utilized by farmers and the breeders’ society to conserve the Afrikaner and utilize the breed to its full potential in the era of climate change.
Stimulus Modality and Smoking Behavior: Moderating Role of Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Ezeh Valentine C. , Mefoh Philip 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigated whether stimulus modality influences smoking behavior among smokers in South Eastern Nigeria and also whether implicit attitudes moderate the relationship between stimulus modality and smoking behavior. 60 undergraduate students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka were used. Participants were individually administered the IAT task as a measure of implicit attitude toward smoking and randomly assigned into either image condition that paired images of cigarette with aversive images of potential health consequences or text condition that paired images of cigarette with aversive texts of potential health consequences. A one- predictor and one-moderator binary logistic analysis indicates that stimulus modality significantly predicts smoking behavior (p = < .05) with those in the image condition choosing not to smoke with greater probability than the text condition. The interaction between stimulus modality and IAT scores was also significant (p = < .05). Specifically, the modality effect was larger for participants in the image group who held more negative implicit attitudes towards smoking. The finding shows the urgent need to introduce the use of aversive images of potential health consequences on cigarette packs in Nigeria.
Large-scale genomics unveil polygenic architecture of human cortical surface area
Authors: Chen Chi-Hua , Peng Qian , Schork Andrew J. , Lo Min-Tzu , Fan Chun-Chieh , Wang Yunpeng , Desikan Rahul S. , Bettella Francesco , Hagler Donald J. ,   Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study, McCabe Connor , Chang Linda , Akshoomoff Natacha , Newman Erik , Ernst Thomas , Van Zijl Peter , Kuperman Joshua , Murray Sarah , Bloss Cinnamon , Appelbaum Mark , Gamst Anthony , Thompson Wesley , Bartsch Hauke ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Weiner Michael , Aisen Paul , Petersen Ronald , Jack Jr Clifford R. , Jagust William , Trojanowki John Q. , Toga Arthur W. , Beckett Laurel , Green Robert C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Morris John , Shaw Leslie M. , Khachaturian Zaven , Sorensen Greg , Carrillo Maria , Kuller Lew , Raichle Marc , Paul Steven , Davies Peter , Fillit Howard , Hefti Franz , Holtzman Davie , Mesulman M. Marcel , Potter William , Snyder Peter J. , Schwartz Adam , Montine Tom , Thomas Ronald G. , Donohue Michael , Walter Sarah , Gessert Devon , Sather Tamie , Jiminez Gus , Harvey Danielle , Bernstein Matthew , Fox Nick , Thompson Paul , Schuff Norbert , DeCarli Charles , Borowski Bret , Gunter Jeff , Senjem Matt , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jones David , Kantarci Kejal , Ward Chad , Koeppe Robert A. , Foster Norm , Reiman Eric M. , Chen Kewei , Mathis Chet , Landau Susan , Cairns Nigel J. , Householder Erin , Taylor-Reinwald Lisa , Lee Virginia M.Y. , Korecka Magdalena , Figurski Michal , Crawford Karen , Neu Scott , Foroud Tatiana M. , Potkin Steven , Shen Li , Faber Kelley , Kim Sungeun , Nho Kwangsik , Thal Leon , Frank Richard , Buckholtz Neil , Albert Marilyn , Hsiao John , Westlye Lars T. , Kremen William S. , Jernigan Terry L. , Hellard Stephanie Le , Steen Vidar M. , Espeseth Thomas , Huentelman Matt , Håberg Asta K. , Agartz Ingrid , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Schork Nicholas , Dale Anders M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLittle is known about how genetic variation contributes to neuroanatomical variability, and whether particular genomic regions comprising genes or evolutionarily conserved elements are enriched for effects that influence brain morphology. Here, we examine brain imaging and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from ∼2,700 individuals. We show that a substantial proportion of variation in cortical surface area is explained by additive effects of SNPs dispersed throughout the genome, with a larger heritable effect for visual and auditory sensory and insular cortices (h2∼0.45). Genome-wide SNPs collectively account for, on average, about half of twin heritability across cortical regions (N=466 twins). We find enriched genetic effects in or near genes. We also observe that SNPs in evolutionarily more conserved regions contributed significantly to the heritability of cortical surface area, particularly, for medial and temporal cortical regions. SNPs in less conserved regions contributed more to occipital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data 1956–2014
Authors: Rosemartin Alyssa H. , Denny Ellen G. , Weltzin Jake F. , Lee Marsh R. , Wilson Bruce E. , Mehdipoor Hamed , Zurita-Milla Raul , Schwartz Mark D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe dataset is comprised of leafing and flowering data collected across the continental United States from 1956 to 2014 for purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris), a cloned lilac cultivar(S. x chinensis‘Red Rothomagensis’) and two cloned honeysuckle cultivars (Lonicera tatarica‘Arnold Red’ andL. korolkowii‘Zabeli’). Applications of this observational dataset range from detecting regional weather patterns to understanding the impacts of global climate change on the onset of spring at the national scale. While minor changes in methods have occurred over time, and some documentation is lacking, outlier analyses identified fewer than 3% of records as unusually early or late. Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data have proven robust in both model development and climatic research.
Brain Performance versus Phase Transitions
Authors: Torres Joaquín J. , Marro J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe here illustrate how a well-founded study of the brain may originate in assuming analogies with phase-transition phenomena. Analyzing to what extent a weak signal endures in noisy environments, we identify the underlying mechanisms and it results a description of how the excitability associated to (non-equilibrium) phase changes and criticality optimizes the processing of the signal. Our setting is a network ofintegrate-and-firenodes in which connections are heterogeneous with rapid time-varying intensities mimickingfatigueandpotentiation. Emergence then becomes quite robust against wiring topology modification—in fact, we considered from a fully connected network to the Homo sapiens connectome—showing the essential role of synaptic flickering on computations. We also suggest how to experimentally disclose significant changes during actual brain operation.
Switching Behaviors of Graphene-Boron Nitride Nanotube Heterojunctions
Authors: Parashar Vyom , Durand Corentin P. , Hao Boyi , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Pandey Ravindra , Tiwari Bishnu , Zhang Dongyan , Liu Yang , Li An-Ping , Yap Yoke Khin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHigh electron mobility of graphene has enabled their application in high-frequency analogue devices but their gapless nature has hindered their use in digital switches. In contrast, the structural analogous, h-BN sheets and BN nanotubes (BNNTs) are wide band gap insulators. Here we show that the growth of electrically insulating BNNTs on graphene can enable the use of graphene as effective digital switches. These graphene-BNNT heterojunctions were characterized at room temperature by four-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (4-probe STM) under real-time monitoring of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A switching ratio as high as 105 at a turn-on voltage as low as 0.5 V were recorded. Simulation by density functional theory (DFT) suggests that mismatch of the density of states (DOS) is responsible for these novel switching behaviors.
Conversion of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4’-N’-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) from a Simple Optical Material to a Versatile Optoelectronic Material
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Sun Ziqiang , Fan Kai , Jiang Yadong , Huang Rui , Wen Yuejiang , He Qiong , Ao Tianhong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract4-N,N-dimethylamino-4’-N’-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) is an important optical material, but its poor conductivity limits applications in devices. To tackle this problem, we designed, prepared and systematically investigated novel binary composite films that are composed of two-dimensional (2D) DAST and 2D graphene. Results indicate that both electrical and optical properties of DAST can be significantly improved by graphene addition. The negative steric effects of big DAST molecules that greatly trouble ex-situ synthesis can be efficiently overcome by in-situ synthesis, thus leading to better film quality and higher physical properties. Consequently, the in-situ composite film exhibits a low sheet resistance of 7.5 × 106 ohm and high temperature coefficient of resistance of −2.79% K−1, close to the levels of the most important bolometric materials for uncooled infrared detectors. Particularly, a new low temperature reduction of graphene oxide induced by DAST, which is further enhanced by in-situ process, was discovered. This work presents valuable information about the DAST–graphene composite films, their chemical structures, mechanisms, physical properties and comparison on in-situ and ex-situ syntheses of graphene–based composites, all of which will be helpful for not only theoretically studying the DAST and graphene materials and expanding their applications, but also for seeking new optoelectronic sensitive materials.
Victims of Care Drain and Transnational Partnering?
Authors: Bahna Miloslav 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
The paper studies Slovak female elder care workers in Austria. It evaluates the relevance of the care drain metaphor using a representative survey of the carers. It asks two sets of questions: (1) How widespread is the care drain phenomenon? Does migration of elder care workers create care shortages in Slovakia? (2) How do care workers evaluate their employment setting? Is it influenced by experiencing care drain and/or transnational partnering? The higher average age of the care workers means that only a minority has small children in Slovakia. The potential for care drain is therefore limited. Moreover, very few have elderly family members in need of care. On the other hand, most live with partners in Slovakia, so transnational partnering problems could be expected. The average job evaluation of the care workers is highly positive and comparably more enthusiastic than job assessment of women employed in Slovakia. Care workers with small children or partners in Slovakia do not provide a less positive evaluation of the job or its impact on relationships within their families. However, higher earnings and relatively good health of the patient influence the evaluation positively. This focus on earnings and work conditions indicates that care work is probably more similar to other forms of labour migration than anticipated by the current approaches to female migration flows. Indices suggest that these findings could be valid beyond the studied case. A cautious application of the care drain metaphor in intra-EU migration where living standards between countries are not as divergent as between post industrial societies of the West and the Third world is advised.
Do psychological capital and work engagement foster frontline employees’ satisfaction?
Authors: Karatepe Osman M. , Karadas Georgiana 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop and test a conceptual model that investigates the effect of psychological capital on job, career and life satisfaction, mediated by work engagement, drawing from the conservation of resources theory and the motivational process of the job demands-resources model.Design/methodology/approach– Based on data gathered from frontline employees in the international five- and four-star chain hotels with a time lag of two weeks in three waves in Romania, the relationships in the conceptual model were gauged through structural equation modeling. Self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience were treated as the indicators of psychological capital.Findings– The results suggest that optimism appears to be the best indicator of psychological capital, followed by resilience, self-efficacy and hope. Employees with high psychological capital are engaged in their work at elevated levels. Employees high in psychological capital are more satisfied with their job, career and life. The results reported in this study further suggest that psychological capital boosts work engagement that in turn leads to job, career and life satisfaction.Practical implications– The presence of rigorous selective staffing enables management to select a pool of employees high in psychological capital and work engagement. Inviting applicants to fill out an online questionnaire to identify their knowledge and skills and then using specific experiential exercises or short case studies to understand their tactics for handling service encounters can serve this purpose. Management can utilize the psychological capital questionnaire during and after the selection process. The availability of a resourceful work environment where there are training, empowerment, rewards and career opportunities is likely to stimulate employees’ positive emotions that in turn relate to psychological capital.Originality/value– Very little is known about psychological capital in the hospitality management literature. Therefore, this paper fills in this void by linking psychological capital to employees’ job, career and life satisfaction through work engagement.
What you get is not what you saw: exploring the impacts of misleading hotel website photos
Authors: Kuo Pei-Jou , Zhang Lu , Cranage David A. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– This research aims to investigate the impacts of misleading hotel website photos on consumers’ brand trust, emotional responses and negative word-of-mouth (WOM) intention. The magnitude of these impacts in different contexts was examined.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study employed a 2 (hotel segment: economy vs upscale) × 2 (expected product experience: hedonic vs utilitarian) scenario-based experimental design. A total of 240 consumers participated in this study.

Findings
– The study results show that, in the case of misleading hotel website photos, brand trust was lower for the upscale hotel. Consumers experienced greater anger and regret in the upscale hotel situation and were most angry if they stayed at an upscale hotel for a hedonic purpose. The eWOM intention was higher in the upscale hotel situation. In addition, it was found that hotel physical environment was more important for female and married consumers.

Research limitations/implications
– A hypothetical brand name was used in this study. Therefore, brand attitude changes and the influences of brand loyalty on consumers’ responses to misleading website photos were not examined.

Practical implications
– Upscale hotels and hotels that target leisure consumers need to make an effort to use truthful website photos and ensure that the physical environment is well maintained.

Originality/value
– No prior research investigated the impact of misleading hotel website photos. This research fills this gap in the hospitality literature.
Time-varying industry beta in Indian stock market and forecasting errors
Authors: Das Sudipta , Barai Parama 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically estimate industry beta in Indian stock market with three alternative models and compare the accuracy of forecasting error to find the most suitable model for time-varying beta estimation.Design/methodology/approach– The paper applies the standard regression model, Kalman filter model, other statistical approaches and secondary material.Findings– The paper finds that the existence of dynamic beta in Indian market. The results also indicate systematic risk or beta of Indian industries is susceptible to the global economic effect. Finally, the Kalman filter generates the lower forecasting error compared to the other method for almost all the industries.Practical implications– The accurate estimation of beta which is a measure of systematic risk helps investors to make investment decision easier. The implication of this result is important for finance practitioners such as portfolio managers, investment advisors and security analysts. This study will help to determine the country risk with respect to the global index and analyze the global financial market integration effect on India.Originality/value– This paper reliably estimate industry portfolio beta for India. The time-varying beta is estimated using Kalman filter method which is rarely applied in Indian literature. This paper contributes by extending the knowledge of existing literature by introducing a new data set with Indian data which is not affected by the “data snooping” bias. This study will also help to determine the country risk with respect to the global index and analyze the global financial market integration effect on India.