bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary Morbidity and Quality of Life following Radioactive Iodine for Well‐Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Dingle Isaac F. , Mishoe Ashley E. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Overton Lewis J. , Gillespie M. Boyd 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveDetermine the prevalence of sialadenitis in a group of patients treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer and assess whether RAI treatment is associated with a reduction in swallowing‐related or global head and neck quality of life.Study DesignRetrospective self‐administered questionnaire study.SettingAcademic, tertiary care, National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center.Subjects and MethodsSurviving patients seen for well‐differentiated thyroid cancer were identified by review of the cancer center registry. Patients were mailed a baseline questionnaire, the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW‐QOL), and the Xerostomia‐Related Quality of Life Scale (XeQOLS).ResultsThe study included 121 women and 24 men, with a mean age of 52 years. Radioactive iodine exposure was correlated with an increase in sialadenitis and was dose dependent (R2 = 0.335, P <. 001). Sialadenitis was 2.47 times more likely to occur in patients who received greater than 150 mCi when compared with those who received less than 150 mCi (P =. 04). Radioactive iodine exposure of over 150 mCi was also associated with a reduction in the recreation domain of the UW‐QOL (P =. 04), the daily swallowing domain of the MDADI (P =. 02), and the psychological/personal, pain, and social domains of the XeQOLS (P =. 03,. 03, and. 04, respectively).ConclusionPatients treated with RAI exhibited an increased risk for sialadenitis as well as a reduction in swallowing‐related and global head and neck quality of life. Our findings suggest these patients should be screened for salivary morbidity and may benefit from both pre‐RAI prophylaxis and post‐RAI intervention.
The use of non-invasive ventilation at end of life in patients with motor neurone disease: A qualitative exploration of family carer and health professional experiences
Authors: Baxter Susan K , Baird Wendy O , Thompson Sue , Bianchi Stephen M , Walters Stephen J , Lee Ellen , Ahmedzai Sam H , Proctor Alison , Shaw Pamela J , McDermott Christopher J 
Published: March 2013

Background: Non-invasive ventilation improves quality and quantity of life in patients with motor neurone disease who have respiratory failure. Use of non-invasive ventilation may, however, result in complex clinical issues for end-of-life care, with concerns as to whether and how it should be withdrawn. Aim: This study aimed to describe carer and health professional experiences of end-of-life care of motor neurone disease patients using non-invasive ventilation. Design/participants: This article reports data from qualitative interviews with family carers and professionals following the death of patients with motor neurone disease who were using non-invasive ventilation in the final phase of the disease. Results: Ten of the 20 patients initiated on non-invasive ventilation were using it in the end-of-life phase of their disease, with 5 using it for 24 h/day. Interviews were carried out with nine family carers and 15 professionals. Nine recurring themes were identified in the data. Both carers and health-care professionals perceived that the terminal phase of motor neurone disease was unexpectedly rapid and that this often led to unplanned interactions with the emergency services. Carers of patients who used non-invasive ventilation perceived non-invasive ventilation as aiding patient comfort and anxiety at the end of life. Conclusions: The use of non-invasive ventilation was described as beneficial and was not perceived by carers or most professionals to have adversely impacted patient’s end-of-life experience. This study highlights variation in patient wishes regarding usage towards the end of life, uncertainty regarding appropriate management among professionals and the importance of disseminating end-of-life wishes.
Optimal effective concentration of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia by single-shot femoral–sciatic nerve block in outpatient knee arthroscopy
Authors: Yao Jun , Zeng Zhen , Jiao Zhi-Hua , Wang Ai-Zhong , Wang Jing , Yu Ang 
Published: March 2013

Objective To compare analgesic and mobility effects of different ropivacaine concentrations in femoral–sciatic nerve block, for postoperative analgesia in knee arthroscopy. Methods Outpatients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical classification status of I or II), scheduled for elective knee arthroscopy, were randomly allocated to one of seven groups, prospectively investigating different concentrations of ropivacaine (0.12%; 0.14%; 0.16%; 0.18%; 0.20%; 0.22% or 0.50%), for ultrasound-guided femoral–sciatic nerve block procedures for postoperative analgesia. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and motor block evaluation scales were observed at 4, 8, 16 and 24 h postsurgery. Results In total, 105 patients were enrolled; results were analysed for 103. VAS scores for the 0.12%, 0.14% and 0.16% groups were significantly different from the 0.50% group. There were no significant differences between the 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.22% and 0.50% groups: half maximal effective concentrations and 95% maximal effective concentrations of ropivacaine were 0.158 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.149, 0.167) and 0.198 (95% CI 0.186, 0.221), respectively. Rates of motor blockade (Bromage score or hip motor function scale > 0) were significantly different between the 0.50% group and all other ropivacaine doses. Conclusion The 0.20% ropivacaine dose for femoral–sciatic nerve block in knee arthroscopy provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia, while preserving ability of motion.
Career Counselling: A Service or a Product?
Authors: Doratis Christina 
Published: March 2013

The traditional role of counsellors in Queensland TAFE institutes is changing. The competitive agenda and the growing emphasis on TAFE as a business has affected counsellors across the state. This study looks at the trend towards commercial activities in career counselling in TAFE Queensland. A questionnaire was sent to 40 Queensland counsellors to gather data on their fee-for-service career counselling activities. A focus group of 10 counsellors from four institutes looked at how these commercial activities were affecting their traditional role and whether they added value to their services. Case studies of two commercial packages were conducted to look at different models of fee-for-service career assessment, one computer-based and the other pencil and paper profile questionnaires.
Interview with Lester Oakes
Authors: McIlveen Peter 
Published: March 2013

Lester Oakes is the President of the International Association for Educational and Vocational Guidance and the Chief Executive of New Zealand Career Services. He has been a leader in the career development field, contributing particularly to matters of public policy and creating a world class-career service in New Zealand. Lester is driven by the belief that the careers industry is a credible contributor to governments' broader economic and social development agendas and is central to achieving governments' education, employment, economic and social policy objectives. He is also a strong advocate for and practitioner of work-life balance.
Organisational Career Development Programs and Practices
Authors: Armstrong Lesley E. 
Published: March 2013

Employee career development programs are identified as a recently emerging human resource management process in Australia. A body of career theory predominantly from the United States informs the field but research indicates a gap between theory, organisational rhetoric and practice. An overview of career development practices in selected Australian organisations points to the recency of such programs. The research identifies a number of key factors related to successful program implementation and reveals the significant diversity of career planning and career management activities being undertaken across a wide spectrum of organisations. This article focuses on the history of organisational career development programs and investigates the current state of practice in selected Australian organisations. The range of activities that can be categorised as career planning and career management initiatives is described, and factors related to successful program implementation are suggested. People involved in planning and managing careers in organisations should clarify their expectations of career development practices and recognise the benefits for both individuals and organisations in the context of increasing economic uncertainty and continuing social change.
Staff and Student Attitudes towards Career Education
Authors: Dixon Kathryn 
Published: March 2013

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the attitudes of staff and students at a Western Australian metropolitan high school towards the Vocational Education program, by examining the factors affecting the development of those attitudes and those affecting the implementation of the program at the school. Vocational Education in Western Australia is synonymous with Career Education in other Australian States and the term Career Education is used throughout this paper. With respect to the formation of attitudes towards Career Education, the study proposed that in the school context, influential areas were significant others, past experiences, individual personalities and information. The research is descriptive in nature. The staff and students were asked to complete a questionnaire and were formally interviewed. A measure of the non-verbal behaviour of staff and students during the interviews was also undertaken using a five-point scale from negative to positive. The sample consisted of 14 staff and 240 students. The main findings of the study showed that the majority of the staff and students had developed negative attitudes towards Career Education. They believed the course lacked rigour and that significant others such as peers, parents, students and the Western Australian Ministry of Education did not esteem Career Education. No needs analysis had been conducted prior to the introduction of the course in the school and staff were given no choice as to their involvement in teaching the units. Staff believed they were inadequately trained in the Career Education area and this led to low levels of confidence in teaching the course.
Occupational Information at a Critical Time of Decision Making
Authors: Chapman Ruth 
Published: March 2013

This article reviews the current literature relating to occupational Information. It examines the various types of occupational information, the role of occupational information in career education and career counselling, perceptions of end-users and practitioners and the influence of occupational information on career outcomes. The immense amount of literature covers studies in the United States, Australia and United Kingdom, and in the main the studies are concerned with the effect of occupational information on, and its relationship with, tertiary level students. The review forms part of a study which examined the extent to which occupational information met the needs of users at a critical time of career decision making, that is, when Victorian school leavers were considering changing their preferences for tertiary level courses after receiving their final Year 12 results.
Beyond the Compulsory School Years
Authors: Ainley John , Sheret Michael 
Published: March 2013

In Australia it has become conventional to regard Years 11 and 12 as the post-compulsory years of schooling and the years up to and including Year 10 as compulsory. A separation of Years 11 and 12 from Years 7, 8, 9 and 10 is evident in levels of participation, curriculum structures, certification and examination procedures, and many aspects of school organisation. The 1980s in Australia have been marked by a dramatic increase in the percentage of young people continuing to the post-compulsory years. Whereas in 1981 the retention rate to Year 12 was 35 per cent, by 1990 this had grown to 64 per cent. This paper is concerned with the progression from Year 10 to post-compulsory schooling, other forms of education and to work. It examines factors associated with school attainment (the number of years schooling completed) and the destinations of those who leave school, both at the point of transition from the compulsory to the post-compulsory years and at the end of secondary school. As part of its conclusion the paper notes the strong, and independent, influences of earlier achievement and attitudes to school on destinations as well as the role of background factors such as socio-economic status, parental expectations, ethnic background, and gender.
CBT — Demarcation by Gender?
Authors: McNamara Judy , Pyke Jo 
Published: March 2013

The reform of the Australian vocational educational and training system promises to overhaul the traditional apprenticeship system and address the major inefficiencies and inequities that have become well entrenched over this century. An issue which is often marginalised in training reform debates, however, is that women's access to trade and technical training has been extremely limited. Women's participation in all apprenticeships, excluding hairdressing, is still around 6 per cent — a participation rate which maintains Australia's record as having one of the most gender segregated workforces of all OECD countries. The following article raises a range of issues about women's exclusion from trade and technical training and questions whether training reform will address gender equity as a key feature of inefficiency in Australian industry. The article suggests that the strategies are available. What is required is a sustained commitment by industry to implementing the necessary strategies to ensure that women are included in the new and developing training structures.
White-matter lesions drive deep gray-matter atrophy in early multiple sclerosis: support from structural MRI
Authors: Mühlau Mark , Buck Dorothea , Förschler Annette , Boucard Christine C , Arsic Milan , Schmidt Paul , Gaser Christian , Berthele Achim , Hoshi Muna , Jochim Angela , Kronsbein Helena , Zimmer Claus , Hemmer Bernhard , Ilg Rüdiger 
Published: March 2013

Background: In MS, the relationship between lesions within cerebral white matter (WM) and atrophy within deep gray matter (GM) is unclear. Objective: To investigate the spatial relationship between WM lesions and deep GM atrophy. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study (3 Tesla) in 249 patients with clinically-isolated syndrome or relapsing–remitting MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale score: median, 1.0; range, 0–4) and in 49 healthy controls. Preprocessing of T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated T2-weighted images resulted in normalized GM images and WM lesion probability maps. We performed two voxel-wise analyses: 1. We localized GM atrophy and confirmed that it is most pronounced within deep GM; 2. We searched for a spatial relationship between WM lesions and deep GM atrophy; to this end we analyzed WM lesion probability maps by voxel-wise multiple regression, including four variables derived from maxima of regional deep GM atrophy (caudate and pulvinar, each left and right). Results: Atrophy of each deep GM region was explained by ipsilateral WM lesion probability, in the area most densely connected to the respective deep GM region. Conclusion: We demonstrated that WM lesions and deep GM atrophy are spatially related. Our results are best compatible with the hypothesis that WM lesions contribute to deep GM atrophy through axonal pathology.
Persistent visual impairment in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, mechanisms and resulting disability
Authors: Jasse Laurence , Vukusic Sandra , Durand-Dubief Françoise , Vartin Cristina , Piras Carolina , Bernard Martine , Pélisson Denis , Confavreux Christian , Vighetto Alain , Tilikete Caroline 
Published: March 2013

Objective: The objective of this article is to evaluate in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients the prevalence of persistent complaints of visual disturbances and the mechanisms and resulting functional disability of persistent visual complaints (PVCs). Methods: Firstly, the prevalence of PVCs was calculated in 303 MS patients. MS-related data of patients with or without PVCs were compared. Secondly, 70 patients with PVCs performed an extensive neuro-ophthalmologic assessment and a vision-related quality of life questionnaire, the National Eye Institute Visual Functionary Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). Results: PVCs were reported in 105 MS patients (34.6%). Patients with PVCs had more frequently primary progressive MS (30.5% vs 13.6%) and more neuro-ophthalmologic relapses (1.97 vs 1.36) than patients without PVCs. In the mechanisms/disability study, an afferent visual and an ocular-motor pathways dysfunction were respectively diagnosed in 41 and 59 patients, mostly related to bilateral optic neuropathy and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The NEI-VFQ 25 score was poor and significantly correlated with the number of impaired neuro-ophthalmologic tests. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the high prevalence of PVC in MS patients. Regarding the nature of neuro-ophthalmologic deficit, our results suggest that persistent optic neuropathy, as part of the progressive evolution of the disease, is not rare. We also demonstrate that isolated ocular motor dysfunctions induce visual disability in daily life.
Characterization of the TGF-β1 signaling abnormalities in the Gata1low mouse model of myelofibrosis
Authors: Zingariello Maria , Martelli Fabrizio , Ciaffoni Fiorella , Masiello Francesca , Ghinassi Barbara , D’Amore Emanuela , Massa Margherita , Barosi Giovanni , Sancillo Laura , Li Xiaochun , Goldberg Judith D. , Rana Rosa Alba , Migliaccio Anna Rita 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsAbnormal signatures in TGF-β1 signaling gene expression were identified in spleen and marrow from the Gata1low model of MF. These signatures include abnormalities in individual gene (Id2, Stat1, mTOR) in spleen and of gene pathways (Smads and BMPs) in marrow.
Age-adjusted nonparametric detection of differential DNA methylation with case-control designs
Authors: Huang Hanwen , Chen Zhongxue , Huang Xudong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
DNA methylation profiles differ among disease types and, therefore, can be used in disease diagnosis. In addition, large-scale whole genome DNA methylation data offer tremendous potential in understanding the role of DNA methylation in normal development and function. However, due to the unique feature of the methylation data, powerful and robust statistical methods are very limited in this area.

Results
In this paper, we proposed and examined a new statistical method to detect differentially methylated loci for case control designs that is fully nonparametric and does not depend on any assumption for the underlying distribution of the data. Moreover, the proposed method adjusts for the age effect that has been shown to be highly correlated with DNA methylation profiles. Using simulation studies and a real data application, we have demonstrated the advantages of our method over existing commonly used methods.

Conclusions
Compared to existing methods, our method improved the detection power for differentially methylated loci for case control designs and controlled the type I error well. Its applications are not limited to methylation data; it can be extended to many other case-control studies.
Determination of dosage compensation of the mammalian X chromosome by RNA-seq is dependent on analytical approach
Authors: Jue Nathaniel K , Murphy Michael B , Kasowitz Seth D , Qureshi Sohaib M , Obergfell Craig J , Elsisi Sahar , Foley Robert J , O’Neill Rachel J , O’Neill Michael J 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
An enduring question surrounding sex chromosome evolution is whether effective hemizygosity in the heterogametic sex leads inevitably to dosage compensation of sex-linked genes, and whether this compensation has been observed in a variety of organisms. Incongruence in the conclusions reached in some recent reports has been attributed to different high-throughput approaches to transcriptome analysis. However, recent reports each utilizing RNA-seq to gauge X-linked gene expression relative to autosomal gene expression also arrived at diametrically opposed conclusions regarding X chromosome dosage compensation in mammals.

Results
Here we analyze RNA-seq data from X-monosomic female human and mouse tissues, which are uncomplicated by genes that escape X-inactivation, as well as published RNA-seq data to describe relative X expression (RXE). We find that the determination of RXE is highly dependent upon a variety of computational, statistical and biological assumptions underlying RNA-seq analysis. Parameters implemented in short-read mapping programs, choice of reference genome annotation, expression data distribution, tissue source for RNA and RNA-seq library construction method have profound effects on comparing expression levels across chromosomes.

Conclusions
Our analysis shows that the high number of paralogous gene families on the mammalian X chromosome relative to autosomes contributes to the ambiguity in RXE calculations, RNA-seq analysis that takes into account that single- and multi-copy genes are compensated differently supports the conclusion that, in many somatic tissues, the mammalian X is up-regulated compared to the autosomes.
Medical students’ experience of personal loss: incidence and implications
Authors: Whyte Rebecca , Quince Thelma , Benson John , Wood Diana , Barclay Stephen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Medical students are generally young people, often away from home for the first time and undertaking a course in which they are learning to care for people at all stages of life, including those approaching death. Existing research indicates that their experiences of personal bereavement may have significant implications for their pastoral welfare and medical learning. No previous studies have tracked medical student experience of bereavement longitudinally and no recent data are available from the UK.

Aims
The study aims to identify medical students’ experience of personal bereavement: the prevalence prior to and during the course and their relationship with those who died.

Method
Paper and online questionnaire including questions about recent personal loss. Setting / Participants: Four cohorts of core science and clinical medical students at the University of Cambridge, 1021 participants in total.

Results
Mean response rate was 65.2% for core science students and 72.8% for clinical students. On entry to the core science course, 23.1% of all students had experienced a loss at some point. Between 13.0% and 22.5% experienced bereavement during years 1 – 5 of the course: some (1.3% - 6.3%) experienced multiple or repeated losses. Close deaths reported were most commonly those of grandparents followed by friends.

Conclusions
Medical students commonly experience close personal bereavement, both before and during their course. Educators need to be aware of the range of personal and educational implications of bereavement for medical students, and ensure that appropriate help is available. Further research could explore incidence of loss at other medical schools and investigate the impact and depth of experience of loss.