bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the normal range of StO2measurements at rest and following a mixed exercise protocol
Authors: Barker Tom , Spencer P , Kirkman E , Lambert A , Midwinter M 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAssessment of local tissue oxygenation (StO2) using near infrared spectroscopy is an emerging technique in medical practice with applications in trauma/sepsis management, diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome and assessment of tissue viability. Despite this, there have been little published data on the range of StO2values in normal subjects.MethodsStO2measurements were recorded in 105 infantry soldiers using an INVOS System Monitor (Somanetics) from both deltoids, the anterior compartment of the leg and the frontal lobe of the brain. Measurements were taken at rest and following completion of a mixed exercise protocol, consisting of overarm pull-ups, sit-ups and a 3-mile run.ResultsStO2values at rest were found to have a wide normal range with a skew left distribution. Mean StO2was similar between the deltoids (left deltoid 80%, right deltoid 79%), but significantly different between other anatomical sites (leg 68%, brain 73%). However, all sites demonstrated a similar lower range cut-off at approximately 40%. Following exercise, there was a significant increase in StO2values at all sites (left deltoid by 3.1±2.0%, right deltoid by 2.6±2.3%, leg by 8.0±2.3% and brain by 8.6±1.9%), which persisted for at least 10 min.ConclusionsThere were statistically significant differences in mean StO2values recorded at different anatomical sites, although the reference ranges were wide and substantially overlapped. StO2increased at all sites after exercise with the effect persisting for at least 10 min. The interaction between exercise and pathological phenomena remains unknown and is an area for further study.
New peculiarity in the temperature and size dependence of electron-lattice energy exchange in metal nanoparticles
Authors: Tomchuk Petro , Bilotsky Yevgen 
Published: August 2014

The work is dedicated to the development of the electron-lattice energy exchange theory in metal particles, including dependence on particle size and electron temperature. We compared, for infinite metal, the expressions for the constants of the electron-lattice energy exchange by using the quantum-kinetic approach, with the classical kinetic approach. Both methods give the same result. But as we show, a quantum-kinetic approach in its standard form, for the metal particles smaller than the mean free path of electrons, cannot be applied, while the classical approach can be easily adjusted for such particle. We found a new peculiarity of the electron-lattice energy exchange. This exchange essentially depends on temperature if a particle size is in the range near a certain "magic size". The change of the electron temperature can alter (around the "magic size") the number of the acoustic modes, which are involved in energy transfer. As a result, the constant of the electron–phonon interaction in nanoparticles can be either much higher or much lower than the corresponding constant for infinite metal.
HPV Seroconversion Following Anal and Penile HPV Infection in HIV-Negative and HIV-Infected MSM
Authors: Mooij Sofie H. , Landén Olivia , van der Klis Fiona R.M. , van der Sande Marianne A.B. , de Melker Hester E. , Xiridou Maria , van Eeden Arne , Heijman Titia , Speksnijder Arjen G.C.L. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) seroconversion following anal and penile HPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM).
Methods: MSM aged ≥18 years were recruited in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2010–2011), and followed up semiannually. Antibodies against 7 high-risk HPV types in baseline and 12-month serum samples were tested using a multiplex immunoassay. Baseline, 6-, and 12-month anal and penile samples were tested for HPV DNA using the SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 system. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.
Results: Of 644 MSM included in the analysis, 245 (38%) were HIV-infected. Median age was 38 years for HIV-negative and 47 years for HIV-infected MSM (P &lt; 0.001). Seroconversion against ≥1 of the 7 HPV types was observed in 74 of 396 (19%) HIV-negative and 52 of 223 (23%) HIV-infected MSM at risk (P = 0.2). Incident [adjusted OR (aOR) 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–3.4] and persistent (aOR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5–9.5) anal HPV infections were independently associated with type-specific seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM. In HIV-infected MSM, there was a nonsignificant positive association between penile HPV infection at any time point and seroconversion (aOR 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.2).
Conclusions: Incident or persistent anal HPV infection was an independent determinant of seroconversion in HIV-negative MSM.
Impact: Our data support that seroresponse may vary per anatomic site and that persistent HPV infections are more likely to elicit a detectable humoral immune response. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2455–61. ©2014 AACR.
Notch3 Overexpression Promotes Anoikis Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via Upregulation of COL4A2
Authors: Brown Caitlin W. , Brodsky Alexander S. , Freiman Richard N. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal disease with the majority of diagnosed women having distant metastases. Interestingly, although Notch3 overexpression has been correlated with poor survival in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), little is known about its mechanism of action. Data show that Notch3 specifically promotes anoikis resistance. In addition, data indicate a positive role for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as well as downstream signaling kinases such as Akt and Erk 1/2 in promoting anchorage-independent growth. Mechanistically, both mRNA transcript and protein levels of type IV collagen (COL4A2) are reduced when Notch3 levels are decreased and exogenous collagen IV supplementation reverses the anoikis sensitivity. Reduction of COL4A2 expression by RNAI-mediated knockdown induces cell death. Finally, elevated Notch3 expression levels correlate with higher COL4A2 expression in human ovarian tumor specimens.
Implications: These data highlight type IV collagen as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic EOC.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/11/25/1541-7786.MCR-14-0334/F1.large.jpg
Mol Cancer Res; 13(1); 78–85. ©2014 AACR.
Cross-Sectional Relations of Arterial Stiffness, Pressure Pulsatility, Wave Reflection, and Arterial Calcification
Authors: Tsao Connie W. , Pencina Karol M. , Massaro Joseph M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Levy Daniel , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Hoffmann Udo , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Mitchell Gary F. 
Published: August 2014

Objective—
Arterial hemodynamics and vascular calcification are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but their inter-relations remain unclear. We sought to examine the associations of arterial stiffness, pressure pulsatility, and wave reflection with arterial calcification in individuals free of prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Approach and Results—

Framingham Heart Study Third Generation and Offspring Cohort participants free of cardiovascular disease underwent applanation tonometry to measure arterial stiffness, pressure pulsatility, and wave reflection, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central pulse pressure, forward wave amplitude, and augmentation index. Participants in each cohort (n=1905, 45±6 years and n=1015, 65±9 years, respectively) underwent multidetector computed tomography to assess the presence and quantity of thoracic aortic calcification, abdominal aortic calcification, and coronary artery calcification. In multivariable-adjusted models, both higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and central pulse pressure were associated with greater thoracic aortic calcification and abdominal aortic calcification, whereas higher augmentation index was associated with abdominal aortic calcification. Among the tonometry measures, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was the strongest correlate of all calcification measures in multivariable-adjusted models (odds ratio per SD for thoracic aortic calcification, 2.69 [95% confidence interval, 2.17–3.35]; abdominal aortic calcification, 1.47 [95% confidence interval, 1.26–1.73]; and coronary artery calcification, 1.48 [95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.72]; all
P
<0.001, respectively). We observed stronger relations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central pulse pressure, and forward wave amplitude with nearly all continuous calcification measures in the younger Third Generation Cohort as compared with the Offspring Cohort.

Conclusions—
In community-dwelling individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease, abnormal central arterial hemodynamics were positively associated with vascular calcification and were observed at younger ages than previously recognized. The mechanisms of these associations may be bidirectional and deserve further study.
Copeptin for the Prediction of Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events After Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: De Marchis Gian Marco , Weck Anja , Audebert Heinrich , Benik Steffen , Foerch Christian , Buhl Daniela , Schuetz Philipp , Jung Simon , Seiler Marleen , Morgenthaler Nils G. , Mattle Heinrich P. , Mueller Beat , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Arnold Marcel , Katan Mira 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Copeptin has been associated with recurrent cerebrovascular events after transient ischemic attack (TIA). In an independent cohort, we evaluated copeptin for the prediction of recurrent cerebrovascular events within 3 months after TIA and assessed the incremental value of copeptin compared with the ABCD2 (age, blood, clinical features of TIA, duration of symptoms, presence of diabetes mellitus) and ABCD3-I (ABCD2, dual TIA [the presence of ≥2 TIA symptoms within 7 days], imaging [the presence of abnormal findings on neuroimaging]) scores.

Methods—
This prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted at 3 tertiary Stroke Centers in Switzerland and Germany.

Results—

From March 2009 through April 2011, we included 302 patients with TIA admitted within 24 hours from symptom onset. Of 28 patients with a recurrent cerebrovascular event within 3 months (stroke or TIA), 11 patients had a stroke. Although the association of copeptin with recurrent cerebrovascular events was not significant, the association with stroke alone as end point was significant. After adjusting for the ABCD2 score, a 10-fold increase in copeptin levels was associated with an odds ratio for stroke of 3.39 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–8.96;
P
=0.01). After addition of copeptin to the ABCD2 score, the area under the curve of the ABCD2 score improved from 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.74) to 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.88,
P
=0.02). In patients with MRI (n=223), the area under the curve of the ABCD3-I score increased in similar magnitude, although not significantly. Based on copeptin, 31.2% of patients were correctly reclassified across the risk categories of the ABCD2 score (net reclassification improvement;
P
=0.17).

Conclusions—
Copeptin improved the prognostic value of the ABCD2 score for the prediction of stroke but not TIA, and it may help clinicians in refining risk stratification for patients with TIA.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00878813.
Cognitive Control Predicts Use of Model-based Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Otto A. Ross , Skatova Anya , Madlon-Kay Seth , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Accounts of decision-making and its neural substrates have long posited the operation of separate, competing valuation systems in the control of choice behavior. Recent theoretical and experimental work suggest that this classic distinction between behaviorally and neurally dissociable systems for habitual and goal-directed (or more generally, automatic and controlled) choice may arise from two computational strategies for reinforcement learning (RL), called model-free and model-based RL, but the cognitive or computational processes by which one system may dominate over the other in the control of behavior is a matter of ongoing investigation. To elucidate this question, we leverage the theoretical framework of cognitive control, demonstrating that individual differences in utilization of goal-related contextual information—in the service of overcoming habitual, stimulus-driven responses—in established cognitive control paradigms predict model-based behavior in a separate, sequential choice task. The behavioral correspondence between cognitive control and model-based RL compellingly suggests that a common set of processes may underpin the two behaviors. In particular, computational mechanisms originally proposed to underlie controlled behavior may be applicable to understanding the interactions between model-based and model-free choice behavior.
Comparison of anomalous systemic artery to left lower lobe and pulmonary sequestration in left lower lobe by computed tomography
Authors: Qin Jie , Wang Xiao-li , Bai Ming-jun , Huang Shao-hong , Chen Xiu-zhen , Shan Hong 
Published: August 2014

Background Differentiation of anomalous systemic artery to the left lower lobe (ASALLL) from pulmonary sequestration (PS) is essential, as ASALLL can be corrected by anastomosis, embolization, or ligation of the anomalous artery. Purpose To compare computed tomography (CT) findings of ASALLL and PS in the left lower lobe (LLL). Materials and methods This study included 16 patients with ASALLL and 25 patients with PS in LLL confirmed by operative and pathologic findings. Results Cough and sputum were more common in PS (84% and 60%, respectively) than in ASALLL (25% and 12.5%, respectively) ( P < 0.05). Hemoptysis was more common in ASALLL (100%) than in PS (24%) ( P < 0.05). The frequency of ground glass opacity (GGO), normal bronchial distribution, dilated left inferior pulmonary veins, and absence of the interlobar artery distal to the origin of the superior segmental artery in LLL differed significantly between ASALLL and PS. Mass was less common in ASALLL (0%) than in PS (88%) ( P < 0.01). The mean diameter of the anomalous artery (11.88 ± 1.13 mm) in ASALLL was significantly larger than that (5.96 ± 0.98 mm) in PS ( P < 0.01). The presence of anomalous artery arising from thoracic aorta was not different between ASALLL (100%) and PS (72%). Conclusion Radiographic indications of ASALLL differ from those of PS in the LLL. Indications that may suggest ASALLL include an enlarged anomalous systemic artery arising from the thoracic aorta, dilated left inferior pulmonary veins, absence of the interlobar artery distal to the origin of the superior segmental artery, normal bronchial distribution, and GGO in the LLL.
High and ultra-high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Wetter Axel , Nensa Felix , Lipponer Christine , Guberina Nika , Olbricht Tobias , Schenck Marcus , Schlosser Thomas W , Gratz Marcel , Lauenstein Thomas C 
Published: August 2014

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of prostate cancer. However, the routine use of b values higher than 1000 s/mm2 is not clear up to present. Moreover, the complex diffusion behavior of malignant and benign prostate tissues hampers precise predictions of contrast in DWI images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Purpose To quantitatively analyze DWI with different b values in prostate cancer and to identify b values best suitable for cancer detection. Material and Methods Forty-one patients with histologically proven prostate cancer were examined with high resolution T2-weighted imaging and DWI at 3 Tesla. Five different b values (0, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 s/mm2) were applied. ADC values of tumors and reference areas were measured on ADC maps derived from different pairs of b values. Furthermore, signal intensities of DW images of tumors and reference areas were measured. For analysis, contrast ratios of ADC values and signal intensities of DW images were calculated and compared. Results No significant differences were found between contrast ratios measured on ADC maps of all analyzed b value pairs ( P = 0.43). Contrast ratios calculated from signal intensities of DW images were highest at b values of 1500 and 2000 s/mm2 and differed significantly from contrast ratios at b values of 800 and 1000 s/mm2 ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Whereas contrast in ADC maps does not significantly change with different b values, contrast ratios of DW images are significantly higher at b-values of 1500 and 2000 s/mm2 in comparison to b values of 800 and 1000 s/mm2. Therefore, diagnostic performance of DWI in prostate cancer might be increased by application of b values higher than 1000 s/mm2.
Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and the role of the A− variant in a Saudi population
Authors: Alharbi Khalid Khalaf , Khan Imran Ali 
Published: August 2014

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among Saudi men, and to establish the frequency of the two mutations/polymorphisms associated with the G6PD A− mutation – G to A at nucleotide 202 (G202A) and A to G at nucleotide 376 (A376G) – in those found to have G6PD deficiency. Methods Blood samples were obtained from healthy male Saudi donors and screened for G6PD deficiency using a ﬂuorescent spot test. Samples from subjects shown to be G6PD deficient and controls were then analysed for the presence of the G202A and A376G mutations on exons 4 and 5, respectively, of the G6PD gene using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Result A total of 2100 male subjects were screened; of these, 100 (4.76%) were shown to be G6PD deficient. The G6PD A− mutation (presence of both G202A and A376G) was observed in two (2%) of the 100 subjects with G6PD deficiency. There was no significant difference in the frequency of this mutation between those with G6PD deficiency and controls. Conclusion The G6PD A− mutation (G202A and A376G) does not appear to have a role in G6PD deficiency in a Saudi population.
Small Subchondral Drill Holes Improve Marrow Stimulation of Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Eldracher Mona , Orth Patrick , Cucchiarini Magali , Pape Dietrich , Madry Henning 
Published: August 2014

Background: Subchondral drilling is an established marrow stimulation technique. Hypothesis: Osteochondral repair is improved when the subchondral bone is perforated with small drill holes, reflecting the physiological subchondral trabecular distance. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A rectangular full-thickness chondral defect was created in the trochlea of adult sheep (n = 13) and treated with 6 subchondral drillings of either 1.0 mm (reflective of the trabecular distance) or 1.8 mm in diameter. Osteochondral repair was assessed after 6 months in vivo by macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses and by micro–computed tomography. Results: The application of 1.0-mm subchondral drill holes led to significantly improved histological matrix staining, cellular morphological characteristics, subchondral bone reconstitution, and average total histological score as well as significantly higher immunoreactivity to type II collagen and reduced immunoreactivity to type I collagen in the repair tissue compared with 1.8-mm drill holes. Analysis of osteoarthritic changes in the cartilage adjacent to the defects revealed no significant differences between treatment groups. Restoration of the microstructure of the subchondral bone plate below the chondral defects was significantly improved after 1.0-mm compared to 1.8-mm drilling, as shown by higher bone volume and reduced thickening of the subchondral bone plate. Likewise, the microarchitecture of the drilled subarticular spongiosa was better restored after 1.0-mm drilling, indicated by significantly higher bone volume and more and thinner trabeculae. Moreover, the bone mineral density of the subchondral bone in 1.0-mm drill holes was similar to the adjacent subchondral bone, whereas it was significantly reduced in 1.8-mm drill holes. No significant correlations existed between cartilage and subchondral bone repair. Conclusion: Small subchondral drill holes that reflect the physiological trabecular distance improve osteochondral repair in a translational model more effectively than larger drill holes. Clinical Relevance: These results have important implications for the use of subchondral drilling for marrow stimulation, as they support the use of small-diameter bone-cutting devices.
Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament tracks fMRI correlates of attention at the first attack of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tortorella C , Direnzo V , Taurisano P , Romano R , Ruggieri M , Zoccolella S , Mastrapasqua M , Popolizio T , Blasi G , Bertolino A , Trojano M 
Published: August 2014

Background: Identifying markers of cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is extremely challenging since it means supplying potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between fMRI correlates of attention performance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS. Methods: Twenty-one untreated, cognitively preserved CIS patients underwent BOLD-fMRI while performing the Variable Attentional Control (VAC) task, a cognitive paradigm requiring increasing levels of attentional control processing. CSF NFL was assessed by ELISA technique. SPM8 random-effects models were used for statistical analyses of fMRI data ( p<0.05 corrected). Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA on imaging data showed an interaction between attentional control load and NFL levels in the right putamen. At the high level of attentional control demand CIS patients with “low NFL levels” showed greater activity in the putamen compared with subjects with “high NFL levels” ( p=0.001). These results are independent of cognitive impairment index. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a relationship between CSF NFL levels and load-dependent failure of putaminal recruitment pattern during sustained attention in CIS and suggest a role of CSF NFL as a marker of subclinical abnormality of cognitive pathway recruitment in CIS.