bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐band bandpass‐filtering high‐efficiency power amplifier with second harmonic suppression
Authors: Wei Zhenghua , Liu Qiang , Du Guangxing , Liu Wang , Cheng Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a dual‐band bandpass‐filtering high‐efficiency power amplifier based on dual‐function dual‐band impedance control network (DBICN) and a dual‐band bandpass‐filtering impedance transformer (DBBFIT). The dual‐function DBICN is exploited to transform the optimal fundamental complex load impedance to real one, and control the second harmonic load impedances of two bands to the high‐efficiency region in the Smith chart. Besides, two transmission zeros are constructed at dual‐band second harmonics to enhance harmonic suppression. Meanwhile, an easy‐to‐design DBBFIT is proposed by utilizing filter theory to realize real‐to‐real impedance transformation, and all design parameters can be obtained by simple closed‐form analytical equations. For validation, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results indicate the drain efficiencies are 61.6% and 58.3% at 1.78 and 2.42 GHz with saturation output power of 40.8 and 39.6 dBm, respectively. Moreover, the second harmonic suppressions of the two bands are 40.1 and 47.1 dBc, respectively.
EBC‐Net: 3D semi‐supervised segmentation of pancreas based on edge‐biased consistency regularization in dual perturbation space
Authors: Li Zheng , Xie Shipeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning technology has made remarkable progress in pancreatic image segmentation tasks. However, annotating 3D medical images is time‐consuming and requires expertise, and existing semi‐supervised segmentation methods perform poorly in the segmentation task of organs with blurred edges in enhanced CT such as the pancreas.PurposeTo address the challenges of limited labeled data and indistinct boundaries of regions of interest (ROI).MethodsWe propose Edge‐Biased Consistency Regularization (EBC‐Net). 3D edge detection is employed to construct edge perturbations and integrate edge prior information into limited data, aiding the network in learning from unlabeled data. Additionally, due to the one‐sidedness of a single perturbation space, we expand the dual‐level perturbation space of both images and features to more efficiently focus the model's attention on the edges of the ROI. Finally, inspired by the clinical habits of doctors, we propose a 3D Anatomical Invariance Extraction Module and Anatomical Attention to capture anatomy‐invariant features.ResultsExtensive experiments have demonstrated that our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in semi‐supervised pancreas image segmentation. Moreover, it can better preserve the morphology of pancreatic organs and excel at edges region accuracy.ConclusionsIncorporated with edge prior knowledge, our method mixes disturbances in dual‐perturbation space, which shifts the network's attention to the fuzzy edge region using a few labeled samples. These ideas have been verified on the pancreas segmentation dataset.
Electrochemical Mineralization Regulates Hydroxyapatite Deposition of Silk Fibroin Nanofibers for Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lu Leihao , Yang Xiao , Wang Dulin , Zhong Suting , Zhang Ying , Zhou Guanshan , Li Chenlin , Wang Jie , Yang Mingying 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTScaffold and stem cells are the key elements in the procedure of bone repair. Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is the proper material for bone tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and its easy to obtain nanofiber structure. The suitable cell substrate is also an important factor because different cells have different adaptations to composite. For this case, selecting a scaffold that can promote osteogenic differentiation of various cells is crucial and meaningful. In this work, hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited precisely onto each silk nanofiber by electrochemical mineralization (EC) to form SF/HA. SF/HA can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of both human bone marrow mesenchymal‐derived stem cells (hMSCs) and human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). It also promot the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteogenic differentiation related genes. Western blot analyses show mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway is regulated by SF/HA. Therefore, the study provides a proper method to obtain a good composite SF/HA and it promotes the osteogenic differentiation of both hMSCs and hAMSCs.
“There is a lot of shame that comes with this”: A qualitative study of patient experiences of isolation, embarrassment, and stigma associated with overactive bladder
Authors: Brodsky Casey N. , Sitto Hannah M. , Wittmann Daniela , Wallner Lauren P. , Streur Courtney , DeJonckheere Melissa , Stoffel John S. , Cameron Anne P. , Sarma Aruna , Clemens James Q. , Ippolito Giulia M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsBeyond causing physical discomfort, overactive bladder (OAB) is distressing to patients across a variety of psychosocial domains. In this qualitative component of a larger mixed methods study, we explore patients' lived experience with OAB to understand how this condition impacts individuals on a personal and social level, as well as their experiences interacting with the health care system.MethodsA total of 20 patients and 12 physicians completed a questionnaire and semi‐structured interview. The interview guide, developed in an iterative fashion by the authors, included questions about treatment decision making as well as experiences living with or treating OAB; this manuscript focuses on the questions probing lived experiences and interactions between patients and physicians. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and inductively coded and analyzed according to the principles of interpretive description to develop themes.ResultsAnalysis of patient and physician interviews yielded five key themes: isolation due to OAB diagnosis, social stigma associated with noticeable OAB symptoms, embarrassment from interactions with the health care system, feeling invalidated and dismissed by physicians, and OAB patients as a “vulnerable” population with “desperation” for cure.ConclusionsOAB causes patients marked distress beyond their physical symptoms; it causes feelings of isolation from friends and family and makes them feel embarrassed to discuss their condition with loved ones and physicians alike. Efforts to destigmatize OAB, validate patient experiences, and improve access to OAB care may help diminish the psychosocial burden of OAB.
Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution: results of a large, community‐based population study
Authors: Shi Yuwei , Kan Juntao , Wang Wenjie , Cao Yiyang , Wu Yimian , Chen Xinyu , Zheng Weifang , Yang Fei , Du Jun , He Wei , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationships among nut consumption, gut microbiota, and body fat distribution.MethodsWe studied 2255 Chinese adults in the Lanxi Cohort living in urban areas in Lanxi City, China. Fat distribution was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, and nut consumption was assessed using food frequency questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on stool samples from 1724 participants. Linear regression and Spearman correlation were used in all analyses. A validation study was performed using 1274 participants in the Lanxi Cohort living in rural areas.ResultsNut consumption was beneficially associated with regional fat accumulation. Gut microbial analysis suggested that a high intake of nuts was associated with greater microbial α diversity. Six genera were found to be associated with nut consumption, and the abundance of genera Anaerobutyricum, Anaerotaenia, and Fusobacterium was significantly associated with fat distribution. Favorable relationships between α diversity and fat distribution were also observed. Similar relationships between gut microbiota and fat distribution were obtained in the validation analysis.ConclusionsWe have shown that nut consumption is beneficially associated with body fat distribution and gut microbiota diversity and taxonomy. Furthermore, the microbial features related to high nut intake are associated with a favorable pattern of fat distribution.
Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties of Threaded BODIPYs
Authors: Hicguet Matthieu , Mongin Olivier , Leroux Yann R. , Roisnel Thierry , Berrée Fabienne , Trolez Yann 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of two new threaded BODIPYs 5 and 6 in good yields using boron as a gathering atom and a macrocycle with a 2,2’‐biphenol unit. In addition to usual techniques, they were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Their electrochemical and optical properties were investigated. In particular, both compounds are highly emissive with photoluminescence quantum yields of 54 and 81 % respectively. In addition, they both show a high photostability.
Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) film coated on plastic substrate as an organic photoanode for water oxidation/oxygen evolution with light illumination
Authors: Shinohara Hiromi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film was applied as a photoanode on an electron‐extracting layer‐coated upon a current‐collecting plastic substrate. The film soaked in an aqueous solution (pH 12) exhibited an enhanced anodic current with light illumination, and the photocurrent density (J) reached almost 100 μA/cm2 for its wound cylinder, which was accompanied by oxygen bubble evolution. The light ON/OFF response, light‐intensity proportion, and wavelength‐dependency of the J value supported the photo‐electrolytic function of the P3HT film. The hole‐injection efficiency of the film estimated for water oxidation using a solution involving a sacrificial reagent, was relatively high in the range of 46%–86%. Although an apparent activation energy of 39 kJ/mol for the electrolytic water oxidation in the dark suggested a chemical but catalytic pathway for the film anode, the temperature independence of the photocurrent indicated direct hole‐injection into water or hydroxide ions. The photoanode performance of the P3HT film for water oxidation was discussed in relation to the energy diagram including the highest occupied molecular orbital level.
Toxicity profile of high‐dose methotrexate in young children with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Chavana Ashley N. , Taylor Zachary L. , DeGroote Nicholas , Lindsay Holly B. , Sauer Hannah E. , Mason Emily J. , Schafer Eric S. , Miller Tamara P. , Castellino Sharon M. , Pommert Lauren , O'Brien Maureen M. , Ramsey Laura B. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Brown Austin L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) is used in the treatment of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors; however, toxicity information is limited. We characterized toxicities following 102 administrations of HD‐MTX (4.6–13.5 g/m2) infused over 4 or 24 h in 38 children with a CNS tumor before 6 years of age (2010–2020). Delayed clearance of methotrexate occurred following 24% of infusions. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5 grade 2–3 mucositis was observed in 47% of individuals, Grade 4 neutropenia in 76%, and grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia in 58%. No neurotoxicity was observed. HD‐MTX can be safely used with supportive care and monitoring.
Interlaminar toughening of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via interleaving co‐polyamide (Co‐PA) veils
Authors: Alshrif Moh Tajaldin Moh , Peng Yanshuang , Yang Zehao , Zhao Qing Zhi , Qin Cheng , Cai Zhixiang , Jiang Minqiang , Hassan Elwathig A. M. , Ma Yu , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermoplastic veil interlayers offer a promising approach to improve interlaminar reinforcement in composite materials. This study investigates co‐polyamide (Co‐PA) interleaved veils, fabricated through the hot melt adhesive (HMA) technique. These veils are then applied with varying areal weight densities as interleaves to simultaneously toughen and strengthen carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites, utilizing the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI) method. Integrating Co‐PA veils with a low melting point in the interlaminar of CF/EP composites improves compatibility and promotes strong adhesion between thermoplastics and epoxy resins. As result, The Co‐PA laminates exhibited significant improvements compared with the untoughened composites, with a maximum enhancement of 148.1% and 67.8% for Mode‐I (GIC) and Mode‐II (GIIC), respectively. Moreover, ILSS, tensile strength, and flexural strength improvements were also 20.9%, 34.9%, and 14.5%, respectively. The fracture surface analysis via scanning electron microscopy directly revealed the crack propagation on the fracture surfaces of Mode‐I and Mode‐II specimens. This analysis revealed that Co‐PA demonstrated excellent compatibility with epoxy resin, melts during the stage of epoxy curing, and undergoes phase separation in the later stage, resulting in the formation of “bead‐like” structures within the fibrous network. Remarkably, this structure significantly enhanced the toughness of the CF/EP composites. The Co‐PA veils can improve the interlaminar toughness of CF/EP composites due to their compatibility with the epoxy matrix and high inherent toughness and strength. This method is straightforward to manage and can be utilized for manufacturing large‐scale composite materials incorporating CF fabrics, demonstrating promise for industrial applications.Highlights
With its low melting point, co‐polyamide helps prevent structural failure or excessive damage and is proposed to be utilized in composites to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness properties.
The effects of Co‐PA veils of different areal densities on the mechanical characteristics of interlaminar composites were examined.
Co‐polyamide particles with fiber‐carbon laminates offer superior fatigue properties and an optimum carbon fiber‐bridging mechanism.
Co‐polyamide veils with CF/EP laminates are feasible for structural use in high‐tech automotive applications.
XGBoost machine learning assisted prediction of the mechanical and fracture properties of unvulcanized and dynamically vulcanized PP/EPDM reinforced with clay and halloysite nanoparticles
Authors: Rajaee Pouya , Rabiee Amir Hossein , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad , Mahabadifar Mahdi , Nedaei Shekarab Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites have found wide industrial applications, necessitating optimal mechanical and fracture properties evaluation, traditionally done through costly experimental methods. This study employs machine learning, particularly XGBoost, to predict properties like tensile and fracture properties swiftly, aiding material innovation across industries. The research investigates unvulcanized and vulcanized polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) reinforced with clay and halloysite nanoparticles (HNT), analyzing fracture properties via essential work of fracture (EWF). Experimental design selects tests, and an XGBoost model predicts tensile strength and modulus, strain at break, EWF, and non‐EWF based on EPDM and nanoparticle percentages, composite and nanoparticle types. The model accurately predicts tensile strength and modulus but less so for strain at break, EWF, and non‐EWF. Mean Absolute Percentage Error values for training/test are 0.49/1.21, 1.05/1.55, 34.21/42.76, 3.02/14.35, and 2.89/3.78, with determination coefficients of 0.99/0.98, 0.99/0.97, 0.97/0.91, 0.97/0.79, and 0.92/0.73. Nanoparticles mainly affect outputs, with EPDM secondarily impactful, while composite and nanoparticle types exhibit similar significance. The best‐performing polymer nanocomposite is a dynamically vulcanized one containing 10 wt% EPDM and 3 wt% clay, achieving tensile strength of 25.070 MPa, tensile modulus of 261.170 MPa, EWF of 75.300 N/mm, and non‐EWF of 10.150 N/mm2.Highlights
The effects of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), clay and halloysite nanoparticles on the mechanics of polypropylene‐based nanocomposites.
Essential work of fracture (EWF) was used to study the fracture properties.
Machine learning was employed to predict all mechanical characteristics.
The vulcanization process improved all mechanical characteristics.
The best compound: vulcanized one containing 10 wt% EPDM and 3 wt% clay.
Theoretical study of atomic electronegativity effects on the excited‐state behavior of fluorescent compounds of citrinin
Authors: Gao Yue , Lv Meiheng , Cai Zexu , Zhang Yuhang , Wang Tingting , Liu Jianyong , Shang Fangjian , Li Wenze 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present work focuses on the light‐induced behavior of citrinin derivatives in relation to atomic electronegativity. A detailed theoretical study on the photophysical properties and excited‐state behavior of fluorescent compounds of citrinin (Cit‐O, Cit‐S, and Cit‐Se, with different atomic electronegativity) has been conducted, and the effect of electronegativity on the proton transfer in this system has been explained. First, the relevant hydrogen bond parameters and infrared vibrational spectra of the optimized geometrical configurations have been insightfully investigated. It is elucidated that the hydrogen bond is strengthened after photoexcitation, and it provides a driving force for excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). In addition, the frontier molecular orbitals were analyzed, and the intramolecular charge transfer process in all Cit systems, the phenomenon of charge redistribution, facilitates the ESIPT reaction. By constructing potential energy surfaces for different transfer paths, the atomic electronegativity impact on the ESIPT dynamical behavior of the Cit system was determined. This work clarifies the mechanism of the intramolecular proton transfer process in the excited state of citrinin molecules and complements the theoretical study of the atomic electronegativity‐regulated citrinin system, which provides a corresponding theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of new luminescence‐adjustable citrinin systems.
Machine learning‐enhanced HRCT analysis for diagnosis and severity assessment in pediatric asthma
Authors: De Filippo Maria , Fasola Salvatore , De Matteis Federica , Gorone Maria Sole Prevedoni , Preda Lorenzo , Votto Martina , Malizia Velia , Marseglia Gian Luigi , La Grutta Stefania , Licari Amelia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesChest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is conditionally recommended to rule out conditions that mimic or coexist with severe asthma in children. However, it may provide valuable insights into identifying structural airway changes in pediatric patients. This study aims to develop a machine learning‐based chest HRCT image analysis model to aid pediatric pulmonologists in identifying features of severe asthma.MethodsThis retrospective case‐control study compared children with severe asthma (as defined by ERS/ATS guidelines) to age‐ and sex‐matched controls without asthma, using chest HRCT scans for detailed imaging analysis. Statistical analysis included classification trees, random forests, and conventional ROC analysis to identify the most significant imaging features that mark severe asthma from controls.ResultsChest HRCT scans differentiated children with severe asthma from controls. Compared to controls (n = 21, mean age 11.4 years), children with severe asthma (n = 20, mean age 10.4 years) showed significantly greater bronchial thickening (BT) scores (p < 0.001), airway wall thickness percentage (AWT%, p < 0.001), bronchiectasis grading (BG) and bronchiectasis severity (BS) scores (p = 0.016), mucus plugging, and centrilobular emphysema (p = 0.009). Using AWT% as the predictor in conventional ROC analysis, an AWT% ≥ 38.6 emerged as the optimal classifier for discriminating severe asthmatics from controls, with 95% sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the potential of machine learning‐based analysis of chest HRCT scans to accurately identify features associated with severe asthma in children, enhancing diagnostic evaluation and contributing to the development of more targeted treatment approaches.
Communication Protocols and QECC From the Perspective of TQFT, Part II: QECCs as Spacetimes
Authors: Fields Chris , Glazebrook James F. , Marcianò Antonino 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTopological quantum field theories (TQFTs) provide a general, minimal‐assumption language for describing quantum‐state preparation and measurement. They therefore provide a general language in which to express multi‐agent communication protocols, e.g., local operations, classical communication (LOCC) protocols. In the accompanying Part I, we construct LOCC protocols using TQFT, and show that LOCC protocols induce quantum error‐correcting codes (QECCs) on the agent‐environment boundary. Such QECCs can be regarded as implementing or inducing the emergence of spacetimes on such boundaries. Here connection between inter‐agent communication and spacetime is investigated, by exploiting different realizations of TQFT. The authors delved into TQFTs that support on their boundaries spin‐networks as computational systems: these are known as topological quantum neural networks (TQNNs). TQNNs, which have a natural representation as tensor networks, implement QECC. The HaPPY code is recognized to be a paradigmatic example. How generic QECCs, as bulk‐boundary codes, induce effective spacetimes is then shown. The effective spatial and temporal separations that take place in QECC enables LOCC protocols between spatially separated observers. The implementation of QECCs in BF and Chern‐Simons theories are then considered, and QECC‐induced spacetimes are shown to provide the classical redundancy required for LOCC. Finally, the topological M‐theory is considered as an implementation of QECC in higher spacetime dimensions.
A mechanistic PK/PD model of AZD0171 (anti‐LIF) to support Phase II dose selection
Authors: Shahraz Azar , Penney Mark , Candido Juliana , Opoku‐Ansah Grace , Neubauer Melanie , Eyles Jim , Ojo Oluwaseun , Liu Nelson , Luheshi Nadia M. , Phipps Alex , Vishwanathan Karthick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAZD0171 (INN: Falbikitug) is being developed as a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb), immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1), which binds specifically to the immunosuppressive human cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and inhibits downstream signaling by blocking recruitment of glycoprotein 130 (gp130) to the LIF receptor (LIFR) subunit (gp190) and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and is intended to treat adult participants with advanced solid tumors. LIF is a pleiotropic cytokine (and a member of the IL‐6 family of cytokines) involved in many physiological and pathological processes and is highly expressed in a subset of solid tumors, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this work was to develop a mechanistic PK/PD model to investigate the effect of AZD0171 on tumor LIF levels, predict the level of downstream signaling complex (LIF:LIFR:gp130) inhibition, and examine the dose–response relationship to support dose selection for a Phase II clinical study. Modeling results show that tumor LIF is inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner with >90% inhibition for 95% of patients at the Phase II clinical dose of 1500 mg Q2W.