bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain in cochlear implant recipients: An uncommon, yet serious, consequence of cochlear implantation
Authors: Shapira Yisgav , Yaar‐Soffer Yifat , Hildesheimer Minka , Migirov Lela , Henkin Yael 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe describe pain around the receiver/stimulator [RS] presenting months to years after implantation.Study DesignA retrospective chart review.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all cochlear implant recipients complaining of pain around their RS through the years 2009 through 2013, with a follow‐up of at least 6 months. Excluded from the study were patients with an identifiable cause for their pain such as trauma, local infection, or skin breakdown. The therapy regimen and outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThirty patients complained of delayed pain over their RS, representing 2.8% of 1,044 implantations performed at the Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, as of 2013. The time from implantation to the presentation of pain ranged from 3 months to 12 years. The pain was perceptible even when the external magnet and processor were not used, and was usually most obvious in specific points around the RS. Seventy‐seven percent of our patients responded well to conservative therapy. Fifteen (50%) responded to prolonged antibiotic treatment. Five patients (17%) responded to antiinflammatories alone. One patient (3%) responded to deactivation of two electrodes. Six patients (20%) required reimplantation, after which the pain resolved in all. At explantation, no signs of infection, foreign body reaction, or obvious device damage were found.ConclusionDelayed pain around the RS that is unrelated to use is a serious consequence of cochlear implantation, and in some cases, those necessitating reimplantation, should be considered a major complication.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1946–1951, 2015
Invasion and molecular evolution of Daphnia pulex in Japan
Authors: So Mika , Ohtsuki Hajime , Makino Wataru , Ishida Seiji , Kumagai Hitoshi , Yamaki Kenyu G. , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe examined Daphnia pulex in Japan to clarify if they were representative of indigenous populations or colonized recently. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA suggests that Japanese lineages of D. pulex are immigrants from North America, and are hybrids formed with Daphnia pulicaria prior to this immigration. Based on the mtDNA sequences, the D. pulex individuals aggregated into four distinct genetic groups (JPN 1‐4) comprising a total of 21 haplotypes. Surprisingly, microsatellite analysis with 12 loci revealed only a single multilocus genotype per genetic group, suggesting that D. pulex populations in Japan are comprised of asexual individuals, derived from only four clones. According to the reported mutation rate of mtDNA, JPN 1 and 2, now widely distributed across Japan, were estimated to have invaded between 680 yr and 3400 yr ago, while JPN 3 and 4 colonized much more recently. Results also indicated that the invasion of some clones could not be attributed to recent human activities and most likely occurred by rare natural events. Since the evolutional longevity of asexual clones is thought to be limited, genetic diversity of D. pulex in Japan has the possibility of decreasing in the near future without addition of novel gene flow.
Synthesis of an Amphiphilic Brush Copolymer by a Highly Efficient “Grafting onto” Approach via CO2 Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Ying , Li Yang , Zhou Xian‐Jing , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Du Bin‐Yang , Fan Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: March 2015

A novel and robust route for the synthesis of a new amphiphilic brush copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐graft‐polyethylene glycol (PGMA‐g‐PEG), with high grafting densities of 97%–98% through a “grafting onto” method via carbon dioxide chemistry is reported. PGMA‐g‐PEG can self‐assemble and form stable spherical core–shell micelles in aqueous solution. Besides, the obtained PGMA‐g‐PEG polymer contains hydroxyurethane structures as the junction sites between the PGMA backbone and PEG side chain, which can be used for further modification.
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Critical roles for WDR72 in calcium transport and matrix protein removal during enamel maturation
Authors: Wang Shih‐Kai , Hu Yuanyuan , Yang Jie , Smith Charles E. , Nunez Stephanie M. , Richardson Amelia S , Pal Soumya , Samann Andrew C. , Hu Jan C.‐C. , Simmer James P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDefects in WDR72 (WD repeat‐containing protein 72) cause autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. We generated and characterized Wdr72‐knockout/lacZ‐knockin mice to investigate the role of WDR72 in enamel formation. In all analyses, enamel formed by Wdr72 heterozygous mice was indistinguishable from wild‐type enamel. Without WDR72, enamel mineral density increased early during the maturation stage but soon arrested. The null enamel layer was only a tenth as hard as wild‐type enamel and underwent rapid attrition following eruption. Despite the failure to further mineralize enamel deposited during the secretory stage, ectopic mineral formed on the enamel surface and penetrated into the overlying soft tissue. While the proteins in the enamel matrix were successfully degraded, the digestion products remained inside the enamel. Interactome analysis of WDR72 protein revealed potential interactions with clathrin‐associated proteins and involvement in ameloblastic endocytosis. The maturation stage mandibular incisor enamel did not stain with methyl red, indicating that the enamel did not acidify beneath ruffle‐ended ameloblasts. Attachment of maturation ameloblasts to the enamel layer was weakened, and SLC24A4, a critical ameloblast calcium transporter, did not localize appropriately along the ameloblast distal membrane. Fewer blood vessels were observed in the papillary layer supporting ameloblasts. Specific WDR72 expression by maturation stage ameloblasts explained the observation that enamel thickness and rod decussation (established during the secretory stage) are normal in the Wdr72 null mice. We conclude that WDR72 serves critical functions specifically during the maturation stage of amelogenesis and is required for both protein removal and enamel mineralization.
Metabolite and macromolecule T1 and T2 relaxation times in the rat brain in vivo at 17.2T
Authors: Lopez‐Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , Mériaux Sebastien , Boumezbeur Fawzi 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo measure the T1 and T2 relaxation times of water, metabolites, and macromolecules in the rat brain in vivo at 17.2T and achieve absolute quantification of the neurochemical profile. Relaxation times were compared with values from the literature found at lower magnetic fields.Methods1H NMR spectra were measured using a LASER localization sequence. T1‐ and T2‐weighted spectra were analyzed using LCModel with an original parameterization of the macromolecule baseline.ResultsThe T1 relaxation times of 20 metabolites and the T2 relaxation times of 16 singlets and J‐coupled metabolites were measured. The mean T1 and T2 relaxation times for metabolites were 1721 ± 237 ms and 148 ± 53 ms, respectively. In addition, we measured the T1 and T2 relaxation times of 4 macromolecule resonance groups, their mean T1 and T2 relaxation times being 690 ± 100 ms and 37 ± 15 ms, respectively. Absolute quantification of 21 metabolites and 4 groups of macromolecule resonances was achieved with Cramer‐Rao Lower Bounds below 5% for Cr, Gln, Glu, GPC, Ins, NAA, PCr, and Tau and below 25% for the remaining resonances.ConclusionComparison of our relaxation times to previously published values suggests a small increase of T1 values and a clear decrease of T2 values between 11.7 and 17.2T. Magn Reson Med 75:503–514, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio and MR tissue parameters in human brain imaging at 3, 7, and 9.4 tesla using current receive coil arrays
Authors: Pohmann Rolf , Speck Oliver , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: March 2015

PurposeRelaxation times, transmit homogeneity, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and parallel imaging g‐factor were determined in the human brain at 3T, 7T, and 9.4T, using standard, tight‐fitting coil arrays.MethodsThe same human subjects were scanned at all three field strengths, using identical sequence parameters and similar 31‐ or 32‐channel receive coil arrays. The SNR of three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo images was determined using a multiple replica approach and corrected with measured flip angle and T2* distributions and the T1 of white matter to obtain the intrinsic SNR. The g‐factor maps were derived from 3D gradient echo images with several GRAPPA accelerations.ResultsAs expected, T1 values increased, T2* decreased and the B1‐homogeneity deteriorated with increasing field. The SNR showed a distinctly supralinear increase with field strength by a factor of 3.10 ± 0.20 from 3T to 7T, and 1.76 ± 0.13 from 7T to 9.4T over the entire cerebrum. The g‐factors did not show the expected decrease, indicating a dominating role of coil design.ConclusionIn standard experimental conditions, SNR increased supralinearly with field strength (SNR ∼ B01.65). To take full advantage of this gain, the deteriorating B1‐homogeneity and the decreasing T2* have to be overcome. Magn Reson Med 75:801–809, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balanced SSFP‐like steady‐state imaging using small‐tip fast recovery with a spectral prewinding pulse
Authors: Sun Hao , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik 
Published: March 2015

PurposeSmall‐tip fast recovery (STFR) imaging has been proposed recently as a potential alternative to balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP). STFR relies on a tailored “tip‐up” radio‐frequency pulse to achieve comparable signal level as bSSFP, but with reduced banding artifacts and transient oscillations, and is compatible with magnetization‐preparation pulses. Previous STFR implementations used two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional pulses spatially tailored to the accumulated phase calculated from a B0 field map, making the steady‐state STFR signal contain some T2* weighting. Here, we propose to replace the spatially tailored pulse with a recently introduced spectrally selective “pre‐winding” pulse that is precomputed to a target frequency range. The proposed “spectral‐STFR” sequence produces T2/T1‐weighted images similar to bSSFP, but with reduced banding and potentially other benefits.Theory and MethodsWe investigated the steady‐state signal properties of spectral‐STFR using simulations, and phantom and human volunteer experiments.ResultsOur simulation and experimental results showed that the spectral‐STFR sequence has similar signal level and tissue contrast as bSSFP, but has a wider passband and more consistent banding profiles across different tissues (e.g., less hyperintense signal at band edges for low flip angles). Care is needed in designing the spectral radio‐frequency pulse to ensure that the small tip angle approximation holds during radio‐frequency transmission.ConclusionSpectral‐STFR has similar tissue contrast as bSSFP but a wider passband and more consistent cerebrospinal fluid/brain tissue contrast across the passband. The spectral‐STFR sequence is a potential alternative to bSSFP in some applications. Compared to a spatially tailored STFR sequence, spectral‐STFR can be precomputed, is easier to implement in practice, and potentially has more uniform image contrast and minimal T2* weighting. Magn Reson Med 75:839–844, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of diisocyanates and chain extenders on the physicochemical properties and morphology of multicomponent segmented polyurethanes based on poly(l‐lactide), poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(trimethylene carbonate)
Authors: Trinca Rafael Bergamo , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMulticomponent segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) based on poly(ethylene glycol), poly(l‐lactide) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) as macrodiols, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (2,4‐TDI) or 1,6‐hexane diisocyanate (HDI) as diisocyanate, and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) or 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) as chain extenders were synthesized. The molecular, thermal, dynamic mechanical and morphological features of this set of uncrosslinked polyurethanes are characterized using 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and atomic force microscopy techniques. The lower reaction rate of HDI in comparison with 2,4‐TDI allows for better control of the SPU compositions, so that the intrinsic properties of each block can be better combined and modulated. HDI‐based SPUs are semi‐crystalline, while those based on 2,4‐TDI are amorphous, affecting the mechanical properties of these polyurethanes. All SPUs are heterogeneous, presenting morphologies of a disperse phase in a matrix which varies with the macrodiol ratios as well as with the nature of the diisocyanate and chain extender (a finer dispersion of the disperse phase is observed for SPUs of HDI and BDO). DMTA results indicate that the phases are complex mixtures of the different blocks with at least one rich in PLLA. The PEG content is shown to be the most important factor influencing the water sorption capability, while the incorporation of hindering carboxylic acid groups by the use of DMPA allows the water uptake of SPUs to be controlled by the solution pH. All SPUs show a significant loss of molar mass in hydrolytic degradation experiments and, in general, the PLLA‐rich SPUs are more susceptible to degradation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Parameterization of electrostatic interactions for molecular dynamics simulations of heterocyclic polymers
Authors: Nazarychev Victor M. , Larin Sergey V. , Yakimansky Alexander V. , Lukasheva Natalia V. , Gurtovenko Andrey A. , Gofman Iosif V. , Yudin Vladimir E. , Svetlichnyi Valentin M. , Kenny Jose M. , Lyulin Sergey V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper focuses on the problem of electrostatic interactions in molecular dynamics simulations of thermal properties of heterocyclic polymers. The study focuses on three thermoplastic polyimides synthesized on the basis of 1,3‐bis‐(3′,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene (dianhydride R) and three diamines: 4,4′‐bis‐(4″‐aminophenoxy) diphenylsulfone (diamine BAPS), 4,4′‐bis‐(4″‐aminophenoxy) biphenyl (diamine BAPB), and 4,4′‐bis‐(4''‐aminophenoxy) diphenyloxide (diamine BAPO). In the molecular dynamics simulations these polyimides were described by the Gromos53a5 force field. To parameterize the electrostatic interactions four methods of calculating the partial atomic charges were chosen: B3LYP/6–31G*(Mulliken), AM1(Mulliken), HF/6–31G*(Mulliken), and HF/6–31G*(ChelpG). As our parameterization is targeted to reproduce thermal properties of the thermoplastic polyimides, the choice of proper partial charges was finalized on a basis of the closest match between computational and experimental data for the thermal expansion coefficients of the polyimides below glass transition temperatures. Our finding clearly show that the best agreement with experimental data is achieved with the Mulliken partial atomic charges calculated by the Hartree‐Fock method with 6–31G* basis set. Furthermore, in addition to the thermal expansion coefficients this set of partial atomic charges predicts an experimentally observed relationship between glass transition temperatures of the three polyimides under study:
. A mechanism behind the change in thermal properties upon the change in the chemical structure in considered polyimides may be related to an additional spatial ordering of sulfone groups due to dipole‐dipole interactions. Overall, the modified force‐field is proved to be suitable for accurate prediction of thermal properties of thermoplastic polyimides and can serve as a basis for building up atomistic theoretical models for describing other heterocyclic polymers in bulk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 912–923
Eslicarbazepine acetate for the treatment of focal epilepsy: an update on its proposed mechanisms of action
Authors: Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício , Pires Nuno , Bonifácio Maria João , Loureiro Ana I. , Palma Nuno , Wright Lyndon C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a once daily antiepileptic drug (AED) approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial‐onset seizures (POS). In humans and in relevant animal laboratory species,ESLundergoes extensive first pass hydrolysis to its major active metabolite eslicarbazepine that represents ~95% of circulating active moieties.ESLand eslicarbazepine showed anticonvulsant activity in animal models.ESLmay not only suppress seizure activity but may also inhibit the generation of a hyperexcitable network. Data reviewed here suggest thatESLand eslicarbazepine demonstrated the following in animal models: (1) the selectivity of interaction with the inactive state of the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC), (2) reduction inVGSCavailability through enhancement of slow inactivation, instead of alteration of fast inactivation ofVGSC, (3) the failure to cause a paradoxical upregulation of persistent Na+current (INaP), and (4) the reduction in firing frequencies of excitatory neurons in dissociated hippocampal cells from patients with epilepsy who were pharmacoresistant to carbamazepine (CBZ). In addition, eslicarbazepine effectively inhibited high‐ and low‐affinity hCaV3.2 inward currents with greater affinity thanCBZ. These preclinical findings may suggest the potential for antiepileptogenic effects; furthermore, the lack of effect uponKV7.2 outward currents may translate into a reduced potential for eslicarbazepine to facilitate repetitive firing.
A novel 2‐decenoic acid thioester ameliorates corticosterone‐induced depression‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors and normalizes reduced hippocampal signal transduction in treated mice
Authors: Shibata Shoyo , Iinuma Munekazu , Soumiya Hitomi , Fukumitsu Hidefumi , Furukawa Yoshiko , Furukawa Shoei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe characterized mice administered corticosterone (CORT) at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 weeks to determine their suitability as a model of mood disorders and found that the time immobilized in the tail suspension test was longer and the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus‐maze test was shorter than those of the vehicle‐treated group, findings demonstrating that chronic CORT induced both depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors. Furthermore, the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK) 1/2 in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were reduced in the CORT‐treated group. Using this model, we investigated the protective effect of the ester, thioester, and amide compounds of 2‐decenoic acid derivatives (termed compounds A, B, and C, respectively). The potency of the protective activity against the CORT‐induced depression‐like or anxiety‐like behaviors and the reduction in pERK1/2 level were found to be in the following order: compound B > compound C > compound A. Therefore, we further investigated the therapeutic activity of only compound B, and its effect on depression‐like behavior was observed after oral administration for 1 or 2 weeks, and its effect on anxiety‐like behavior was observed after oral administration for 3 weeks. The ratios of phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt, and cAMP‐response element‐binding protein to their respective nonphosphorylated forms were smaller in the CORT‐treated group than in the vehicle‐treated group; however, subsequent treatment with compound B at either 0.3 or 1.5 mg/kg significantly ameliorated this reduction. Compound B appeared to elicit intracellular signaling, similar to that elicited by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and its mode of action was shown to be novel and different from that of fluvoxamine, a currently prescribed drug for mood disorders.
Migrant Street Vendors in Urban China and the Social Production of Public Space
Authors: Flock Ryanne , Breitung Werner 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on the dynamics between migrant street vendors and public security forces and the complex social production of urban public space in Guangzhou. As an answer to daily contestation of public order, security agencies reluctantly open flexible windows of business opportunities to hawkers. Zones and periods of control, ‘soft’ approaches, and categories of ethnic belonging influence everyday governance and accessibility of public space. This results in a transient public space, fluid and continuously changing, which offers a new perspective on openness and functioning of public space in urban China. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young Germans in England Visiting Germany: Translocal Subjectivities and Ambivalent Views of ‘Home’
Authors: Mueller Dorothea 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUsing the case of young German professionals living in England, this paper argues that visiting friends and relatives (VFR) is dominated by complexity and ambivalence, even in a seemingly straightforward migration. The geographical proximity between the migration destination and origin in the case study both creates and reveals this complexity and ambivalence through the potential of frequent visits in both directions. The research is based on one year of participant observation amongst young Germans in London, as well as 39 formal, in‐depth interviews with participants aged 23–42. All participants, both interviewees and others encountered during fieldwork, engaged in regular visits to Germany as well as receiving visitors from Germany, but displayed different, complex time‐space patterns of VFR. Bi‐local migrants were mostly recently arrived straight from their home region in Germany; the bi‐locality of their VFR mobilities was defined by their pattern of visiting, and being visited by, friends and relatives in their region of origin only. Multi‐local migrants had more geographically dispersed patterns of VFR behaviour, reflecting their more complex mobility histories, both internally within Germany and internationally, before moving to England. Finally, settled migrants had been in England a long time, often since school or university, and planned to stay; hence their VFR behaviour, either bi‐locally or multi‐locally defined, was less intense. Within this threefold categorisation, the paper explores the complex emotionality of VFR, including feelings of guilt and ambivalence, mainly towards parents and friends. By highlighting the complexity within one migration, it also adds more nuance to recent work of attempted typologies of VFR in migration. Theoretically, the analysis is located within the field of transnational urbanism and its more specific working concept of translocal subjectivities, which provides the operational setting for analysing migrants' feelings, tensions, and conflicts over their VFR activities and responsibilities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.