bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nigerian resident doctors on strike: insights from and policy implications of job satisfaction among resident doctors in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Akinyemi Oluwaseun , Atilola Olayinka 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYObjectivesThe Nigerian health system has been engulfed in a crisis occasioned by a deluge of strike actions by resident doctors in recent times. Dissatisfaction with conditions of service has been cited as the bone of contention. Job satisfaction studies among doctors have provided insights into the contributory factors to recurrent industrial disputes in other climes. This study aims to determine the predictors of job satisfaction among resident doctors in a tertiary healthcare centre in Nigeria. This is with a view to gain some insights into the possible contributory factors to industrial disputes and to discuss the policy implications of such findings.MethodsA semi‐structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio‐demographic characteristics and job‐related determinants of job satisfaction among resident doctors. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors of job satisfaction.FindingsA total of 163 resident doctors completed the study. Overall, 90 (55.2%) of the resident doctors were satisfied with their jobs. Lower age, career advancement opportunities, autonomy of practice, alignment of job with core personal and professional values, and working environment predicted job satisfaction.ConclusionsTo restore satisfaction and possibly stem industrial disputes by resident doctors, government of Nigeria needs to sustain current wages while introducing non‐financial benefits. There is a need to adopt policies geared towards increasing government spending on health especially in the area of human capacity and infrastructural development, so as to afford resident doctors opportunities for skill acquisition and career development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic impact of regional climate change for the snowfed and glacierfed river basins in the Republic of Tajikistan: hydrological response of flow to climate change
Authors: Kure S. , Jang S. , Ohara N. , Kavvas M. L. , Chen Z. Q. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe warming of the Earth's atmosphere system is likely to change temperature and precipitation, which may affect the climate, hydrology and water resources at the river basins over the world. The importance of temperature change becomes even greater in snow or glacier dominated basins where it controls the snowmelt processes during the late‐winter, spring and summer months. In this study hydrologic responses of streamflow in the Pyanj and Vaksh River basins to climate change are analysed with a watershed hydrology model, based on the downscaled atmospheric data as input, in order to assess the regional climate change impact for the snowfed and glacierfed river basins in the Republic of Tajikistan. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the annual mean river discharge is increasing in the future at snow and glacier dominated areas due to the air temperature increase and the consequent increase in snow/ice melt rates until about 2060. Then the annual mean flow discharge starts to decrease from about 2080 onward because the small glaciers start to disappear in the glacier areas. It was also found that there is a gradual change in the hydrologic flow regime throughout a year, with the high flows occuring earlier in the hydrologic year, due to the warmer climate in the future. Furthermore, significant increases in annual maximum daily flows, including the 100‐year return period flows, at the Pyanj and Vaksh River basins toward the end of the 21st century can be inferred from flood frequency analysis results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial delineation of groundwater–surface water interactions through intensive in‐stream profiling
Authors: Haria Atul H. , Shand Paul , Soulsby Chris , Noorduijn Saskia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe dominance of ‘old’ pre‐event water in headwater storm runoff has been recorded in numerous upland catchment studies; however, the mechanisms by which this pre‐event water enters the stream channel are poorly understood. Understanding these processes is fundamental to determining the controls on surface water quality and associated impacts on stream ecology. Previous studies in the upland forested catchment of the Afon Hafren (River Severn) at Plynlimon, mid‐Wales, identified an active bedrock groundwater system that was discharging into the stream channel during storm response. Detailed analysis showed that these discharges were small and could not account for the majority of pre‐event storm water response identified at this site; pre‐event storm runoff had to be sourced predominantly from further upstream. An intensive stream survey was used to determine the spatial nature of groundwater–surface water (GW–SW) interactions in the Hafren Catchment. Detailed physico‐chemical in‐stream profiling identified a marked change in water quality indicating a significant discrete point of bedrock groundwater discharge upstream of the Hafren Transect study site. The in‐stream profiling showed the importance of high spatial resolution sampling as a key to understanding processes of GW–SW interaction and how quick and cost‐effective measurements of specific electrical conductance of stream waters could be used to highlight in‐stream heterogeneity. This approach is recommended for use in headwater catchments for initial characterisation of the stream channel in order to better locate instrumentation and to determine more effective targeted sampling protocols in upland catchment research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Russian nesting dolls effect – Using wavelet analysis to reveal non‐stationary and nested stationary signals in water yield from catchments on a northern forested landscape
Authors: Mengistu Samson G. , Creed Irena F. , Kulperger Reg J. , Quick Christopher G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDetermining catchment responses to climate signals gives insight into the potential effects of climate change. This study tested the hypothesis that a 28‐year time series of water yields from four headwater catchments in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW), Ontario contains signals of non‐stationary climate change and naturally occurring stationary climate oscillations and that the effects of these signals are greater in catchments with lower rates of change in water loading and lower water storage capacity (small wetlands). Non‐stationary trends explained 0%, 18%, 44%, and 52% of the variance in the water yields of the four catchments. Wavelet analysis using Morlet wavelets identified stationary responses at multiple temporal scales, increasing the amount of variance explained to 56%, 63%, 76%, and 81% when combining stationary and non‐stationary models. The catchment with low water loading and low water storage was most sensitive to non‐stationary and stationary signals, suggesting that these catchments act as sentinels to detect climatic signals. Wavelet coherence analysis revealed correlations between global climate oscillation indices and water yield. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index was strongly correlated with both temperature and precipitation (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.001 and R2 of 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). Temperature in the TLW increased by 0.067 °C per year from 1981 to 2008, but approximately 0.037 °C of this increase can be explained by the AMO index. While it is likely that anthropogenic climate change impacts water yields, it is important to account for multiple nested climate oscillations to avoid exaggerating its effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serine/threonine‐protein phosphatase 2A physically interacts with human telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT and regulates its subcellular distribution
Authors: Xi Peng , Zhou Lili , Wang Miao , Liu Jun‐Ping , Cong Yu‐Sheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTelomerase plays fundamental roles in bypassing cellular aging and promoting cancer progression by maintaining telomere homeostasis and telomere‐independent activities. However, the molecular mechanisms by which telomerase provokes aging and cancer are far from being fully understood. In a search for proteins interacting with human telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT by the yeast two‐hybrid screen using hTERT T‐motif as bait, we identified PP2A scaffolding subunit PR65 alpha isoform as an hTERT interacting partner. We showed that both PP2A catalytic subunit PP2AC and scaffolding subunit PR65 interacted with hTERT in vivo and in vitro and inhibited telomerase activity. In addition, we found that PP2A prevented the interaction of hTERT with 14‐3‐3θ signaling protein, an hTERT binding partner that is required for nuclear localization of hTERT. Activation of PP2A by overexpression of PP2AC or PR65 led to cytoplasmic accumulation of hTERT, which was reversed by treatment with PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid. Together, these observations suggest that PP2A regulates hTERT subcellular localization, in addition to its inhibitory effects on telomerase activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 409–417, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tezosentan increases nitric oxide signaling via enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation in lambs with surgically induced acute increases in pulmonary blood flow
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Oishi Peter E. , Rafikov Ruslan , Aggarwal Saurabh , Hou Yali , Datar Sanjeev A. , Sharma Shruti , Azakie Anthony , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Black Stephen M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have previously shown that acute increases in pulmonary blood flow (PBF) are limited by a compensatory increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) via an endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) dependent decrease in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The mechanisms underlying the reduction in NO signaling are unresolved. Thus, the purpose of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of this ET‐1–NO interaction. Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were acutely exposed to shear stress in the presence or absence of tezosentan, a combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist. Shear increased NOx, eNOS phospho‐Ser1177, and H2O2 and decreased catalase activity; tezosentan enhanced, while ET‐1 attenuated all of these changes. In addition, ET‐1 increased eNOS phospho‐Thr495 levels. In lambs, 4 h of increased PBF decreased H2O2, eNOS phospho‐Ser1177, and NOX levels, and increased eNOS phospho‐Thr495, phospho‐catalase, and catalase activity. These changes were reversed by tezosentan. PEG‐catalase reversed the positive effects of tezosentan on NO signaling. In all groups, opening the shunt resulted in a rapid increase in PBF by 30 min. In vehicle‐ and tezosentan/PEG‐catalase lambs, PBF did not change further over the 4 h study period. PVR fell by 30 min in vehicle‐ and tezosentan‐treated lambs, and by 60 min in tezosentan/PEG‐catalase‐treated lambs. In vehicle‐ and tezosentan/PEG‐catalase lambs, PVR did not change further over the 4 h study period. In tezosentan‐treated lambs, PBF continued to increase and LPVR to decrease over the 4 h study period. We conclude that acute increases in PBF are limited by an ET‐1 dependent decrease in NO production via alterations in catalase activity, H2O2 levels, and eNOS phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 435–447, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum proteomic profiling for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhu Dexiang , Wang Jie , Ren Li , Li Yan , Xu Bin , Wei Ye , Zhong Yunshi , Yu Xinzhe , Zhai Shenyong , Xu Jianmin , Qin Xinyu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNo ideal serum biomarker currently exists for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Magnetic bead‐based fractionation coupled with MALDI‐TOF MS was used to screen serum samples from CRC patients, healthy controls, and other cancer patients. A diagnostic model with five proteomic features (m/z 1778.97, 1866.16, 1934.65, 2022.46, and 4588.53) was generated using Fisher algorithm with best performance. The Fisher‐based model could discriminate CRC patients from the controls with 100% (46/46) sensitivity and 100% (35/35) specificity in the training set, 95.6% (43/45) sensitivity and 83.3% (35/42) specificity in the test set. We further validated the model with 94.4% (254/269) sensitivity and 75.5% (83/110) specificity in the external independent group. In other cancers group, the Fisher‐based model classified 25 of 46 samples (54.3%) as positive and the other 21 as negative. With FT‐ICR‐MS, the proteomic features of m/z 1778.97, 1866.16, 1934.65, and 2022.46, of which intensities decreased significantly in CRC, were identified as fragments of complement C3f. Therefore, the Fisher‐based model containing five proteomic features was able to effectively differentiate CRC patients from healthy controls and other cancers with a high sensitivity and specificity, and may be CRC‐specific. Serum complement C3f, which was significantly decreased in CRC group, may be relevant to the incidence of CRC. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 448–455, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retinoic acid and the transcription factor MafB act together and differentially to regulate aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in neonatal chondrocytes
Authors: Zhang Yao , Ross A. Catharine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVitamin A (VA) and its active form, retinoic acid (RA), are regulators of skeletal development and chondrogenesis. MafB, a transcription factor, has been identified as an important mediator in monocyte and osteoclast differentiation. However, the presence and function of MafB in chondrocytes is not clear. In this study, MafB gene expression was regulated by both the VA status of the mother (VA‐marginal, adequate, and supplemented diets) and by direct oral supplementation of the neonates with VARA (VA mixed with 10% RA). Expression was highest in neonates of VA‐supplemented versus VA‐marginal dams (P < 0.05), and in VARA‐treated versus placebo‐treated neonates across all diet groups (P < 0.05). To examine cellular changes, primary chondrocytes derived from neonatal rat ribs were cultured in the presence of RA for up to 48 h. MafB mRNA exhibited a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase in response to RA, while the induction of MafB mRNA was attenuated by BMS‐493, a pan‐RAR inverse agonist, implicating RAR signaling in the regulation of MafB. The genetic knockdown of MafB in chondrocytes using siRNA (MafBSI chondrocytes) abrogated the RA‐induced increase in MafB expression. MafBSI chondrocytes expressed higher levels of aggrecan mRNA. Additionally, the increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and MMP13 gene expression due to RA was attenuated in MafBSI chondrocytes, while total extracellular matrix staining was increased. These results support a role for MafB as a regulator of chondrocyte gene expression and matrix formation via control of aggrecan, MMP3 and MMP13 expression, and indicate an important role for RA in the regulation of MafB. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 471–479, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient differentiation of human iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to chondroprogenitor cells
Authors: Guzzo Rosa M. , Gibson Jason , Xu Ren‐He , Lee Francis Y. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) hold tremendous potential for personalized cell‐based repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal disorders. To establish human iPSCs as a potential source of viable chondroprogenitors for articular cartilage repair, we assessed the in vitro chondrogenic potential of the pluripotent population versus an iPSC‐derived mesenchymal‐like progenitor population. We found the direct plating of undifferentiated iPSCs into high‐density micromass cultures in the presence of BMP‐2 promoted chondrogenic differentiation, however these conditions resulted in a mixed population of cells resembling the phenotype of articular cartilage, transient cartilage, and fibrocartilage. The progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs exhibited immunophenotypic features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and developed along multiple mesenchymal lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. The data indicate the derivation of a mesenchymal stem cell population from human iPSCs is necessary to limit culture heterogeneity as well as chondrocyte maturation in the differentiated progeny. Moreover, as compared to pellet culture differentiation, BMP‐2 treatment of iPSC‐derived MSC‐like (iPSC–MSC) micromass cultures resulted in a phenotype more typical of articular chondrocytes, characterized by the enrichment of cartilage‐specific type II collagen (Col2a1), decreased expression of type I collagen (Col1a1) as well as lack of chondrocyte hypertrophy. These studies represent a first step toward identifying the most suitable iPSC progeny for developing cell‐based approaches to repair joint cartilage damage. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 480–490, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent agents targeting HIF‐1α for cancer therapy
Authors: Hu Yaozhong , Liu Jing , Huang He 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe discovery of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) has led to an increasing understanding of the mechanism of tumor hypoxia in the past two decades. As a key transcriptional regulator, HIF‐1 plays a central role in the adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia by activating the transcription of targeting genes, which regulate several biological processes including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, survival, glucose metabolism and migration. The inhibitors of HIF‐1 in cancer have provided us a new clue for the targeting cancer therapy. This review will introduce the general knowledge of the biology characteristic of HIF‐1 and mechanism of O2‐dependent regulation. Moreover, a number of chemical inhibitors plus protein and nucleic acid inhibitors are included and classified mainly based on their different mechanism of inhibiting action. We also prefer to discuss the advantages of protein and nucleic acid inhibitors compared with chemical inhibitors. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 498–509, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perioperative processes and outcomes after implementation of a hospitalist‐run preoperative clinic
Authors: Vazirani Sondra , Lankarani‐Fard Azadeh , Liang Li‐Jung , Stelzner Matthias , Asch Steven M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:A structured, medical preoperative evaluation may positively impact the perioperative course of medically complex patients. Hospitalists are in a unique position to assist in preoperative evaluations, given their expertise with inpatient medicine and postoperative surgical consultation.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate specific outcomes after addition of a Hospitalist‐run, medical Preoperative clinic to the standard Anesthesia preoperative evaluation.DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS:A pre/post retrospective, comparative review of outcomes of 5223 noncardiac surgical patients at a tertiary care Veterans Administration (VA) medical center.RESULTS:Length of stay was reduced for inpatients with an American Society of Anesthesia (ASA) score of 3 or higher (P < 0.0001). There was a trend towards a reduction in same‐day, medically avoidable surgical cancellations (8.5% vs 4.9%, P = 0.065). More perioperative beta blockers were used (P < 0.0001) and more stress tests were ordered (P = 0.012). Inpatient mortality rates were reduced (1.27% vs 0.36%, P = 0.0158).CONCLUSION:A structured medical preoperative evaluation may benefit medically complex patients and improve perioperative processes and outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes in pteridophytes from a patagonian rainforest, Argentina
Authors: Fernández Natalia Verónica , Messuti María Inés , Fontenla Sonia Beatriz 
Published: September 2012

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) are one of the most widespread types of symbiotic associations. Pteridophytes occupy an important position in the evolution of vascular plants. However, their mycorrhizal state remains poorly understood. The aim of this work was to describe the general mycorrhizal status and the occurrence of dark septate endophytes (DSE) in the pteridophytic flora of a Valdivian temperate forest in Patagonia, Argentina. First, the roots of nine terrestrial species representing six families were examined, and this information was then compared with other surveys concerning the occurrence of AM in other pteridophytic species within the same Valdivian temperate forest. AM were recorded in 98.6% of the samples analyzed in this work and all of them corresponded to the Paris‐type morphology. DSEs were also present within the roots of all terrestrial species. A comparison to published results in other ferns and lycophytes that have been studied in this Valdivian temperate forest (161 sporophytes, 21 species and 10 families) was made. Clear differences in colonization patterns between eusporangiate/leptosporangiate and epiphytic/terrestrial species became evident and are discussed.
Real time visualization of femoroacetabular impingement and subluxation using 320‐slice computed tomography
Authors: Wassilew Georgi I. , Janz Viktor , Heller Markus O. , Tohtz Stephan , Rogalla Patrik , Hein Patrick , Perka Carsten 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe visualized extreme ranges of motion of the hip and located femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and subluxations using 4dimensional (D) volume computed tomography (CT). In dynamic 4D CT, 30 patients with hip pain (>3 months) and positive clinical and radiological signs of impingement were prospectively analyzed. The investigations were performed in flexion, abduction, and external rotation. The accuracy of the CT visualization of FAI was compared with the intraoperative findings during surgical dislocation, which served as the gold standard. Compared to the intraoperative visualization of FAI, the dynamic CT images showed a high degree of accuracy. 4D CT is a suitable method to dynamically visualize the functional consequences of anatomical FAI pathologies. The location of impingement can be accurately determined, and when combined with information about possible labral tears and chondral damage supplied by magnetic resonance arthrography, allows the surgeon to select the optimal surgical access and plan the required operation for minimal invasiveness. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 275–281, 2013