bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Stroke Hospitalization Clusters Over Time and Associations With County-Level Socioeconomic and Healthcare Characteristics
Authors: Schieb Linda J. , Mobley Lee R. , George Mary , Casper Michele 
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
This study evaluated clustering of stroke hospitalization rates, patterns of the clustering over time, and associations with community-level characteristics.

Methods—
We used Medicare hospital claims data from 1995–1996 to 2005–2006 with a principal discharge diagnosis of stroke to calculate county-level stroke hospitalization rates. We identified statistically significant clusters of high- and low-rate counties by using local indicators of spatial association, tracked cluster status over time, and assessed associations between cluster status and county-level socioeconomic and healthcare profiles.

Results—
Clearly defined clusters of counties with high- and low-stroke hospitalization rates were identified in each time. Approximately 75% of counties maintained their cluster status from 1995–1996 to 2005–2006. In addition, 243 counties transitioned into high-rate clusters, and 148 transitioned out of high-rate clusters. Persistently high-rate clusters were located primarily in the Southeast, whereas persistently low-rate clusters occurred mostly in New England and in the West. In general, persistently low-rate counties had the most favorable socioeconomic and healthcare profiles, followed by counties that transitioned out of or into high-rate clusters. Persistently high-rate counties experienced the least favorable socioeconomic and healthcare profiles.

Conclusions—
The persistence of clusters of high- and low-stroke hospitalization rates during a 10-year period suggests that the underlying causes of stroke in these areas have also persisted. The associations found between cluster status (persistently high, transitional, persistently low) and socioeconomic and healthcare profiles shed new light on the contributions of community-level characteristics to geographic disparities in stroke hospitalizations.
The Effect of Medical Treatments on Stroke Risk in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: King Alice , Shipley Martin , Markus Hugh ,   for the ACES Investigators
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
Recent evidence suggests current best medical treatment may be sufficient to prevent stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. If this is the case, then it is important to determine risk reduction provided by treatments. Using Asymptomatic Carotid Emboli Study (ACES) prospective data, the effect of current treatment and risk factors on future stroke and transient ischemic attack risk were determined.

Methods—
Four-hundred seventy-seven patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis were followed-up every 6 months for 2 years. Changes in risk factors and stroke prevention therapies were reviewed at each visit. Using time-dependent Cox regression, the relationship between current treatment over time was determined and presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and cardiovascular death end points.

Results—

On multivariate analysis, antiplatelets (
P
=0.001) and lower mean blood pressure (
P
=0.002) were independent predictors of reduced risk of ipsilateral stroke and transient ischemic attack. Antiplatelets (
P
<0.0001) and antihypertensives (
P
<0.0001) were independent predictors of a lower risk of any stroke or cardiovascular death.

Conclusions—
Antiplatelet therapy and blood pressure control are the most important factors in reducing short-term stroke and cardiovascular risk in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. More prospective data are required for medical treatments in asymptomatic carotid stenosis in particular for current statin usage.
The Religious Debates of Aceh in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century: An Invisible Cultural Dialogue?
Authors: Wormser Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe religious polemics of seventeenth-century Aceh are usually presented as an indication of the high level of Islamic scholarship in this period. On the evidence of unpublished manuscripts, we will, on the contrary, defend the idea that these mystical debates took place between foreign Muslim missionaries, with little contact with the local population. The absence of cultural dialogue between local pre-Islamic religious ideas and Middle Eastern Sufism will lead us to a rethinking of the islamization process, in Aceh and the Malay world.
Cultural Dialogue and Its Premises in Colonial Peru: The Case of Worshipping Sacred Objects
Authors: Brosseder Claudia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article examines, from both an indigenous and a Spanish perspective, one of the central aspects of the history of evangelization in the colonial Andes: the discourse about “representation” and “embodiment.” By centering on this discourse and by distilling Incan, pre-colonial Andean, and colonial Andean notions from colonial texts, the article contributes to our understanding of the differences between Spanish and Andean concepts of religion and shows how mutual assimilation shaped the evolution of a colonial Andean religion.
The Sovereignty of Wisdom: Boethius’ Consolation in the Light of Folklore
Authors: Aguirre Manuel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article argues that Boethius’Consolationcan be read in a folklore key as an allegorical version of the Adventure of the Hero. The text has been the object of analysis often enough, but never, to the author’s knowledge, from the perspective proposed here. The article begins by discussing the shortcomings of certain critical positions regarding the identity of Philosophy. It then applies to theConsolationtools taken from the field of folklore studies—the narrative model proposed in Propp’sMorphology of the Folktale, and the thematic pattern of Sovereignty. Analysis in this light provides evidence that Philosophy is an embodiment of Sovereignty herself, a symbolic figure usually studied by Celtic and Scandinavian scholars, but one which demonstrably plays a key role in Classical literatures as well. This approach is shown to clarify several major aspects of Boethius’ text: the peculiar interplay of its metaphors, the role of Philosophy, the narrative structure within which she exists, and the significance of the various motifs and voice associated with her.
A Palace of Her Own: Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) and the Reconstruction of the Wanchun Yuan
Authors: Peng Ying-chen 
Published: November 2012

Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908) is one of the most significant and controversial political figures in modern Chinese history, yet her comprehensive engagement with court art, a symbolic realm of sovereignty in China, remains understudied and is therefore deserving of close analysis. To examine her patronage of art, this paper scrutinizes Cixi’s involvement in the Wanchun yuan (Garden of ten thousand springs) reconstruction project and argues that it not only exemplifies her strategy of asserting political power through art but also provides a rare glimpse of how a patron’s creation and decoration of space can be read as a self-portrait.The author contends that, on the one hand, Cixi utilized the location and scale of her own palace the Tiandi yijiachun (Spring united between Heaven and Earth) as a symbol of her continuous power struggle with Qing imperial tradition; and, on the other hand, that the palace’s layout and interior décor also suggest Cixi’s feminine and religious identities.
The Vanishing Character in Biblical Narrative: The Role of Hathach in Esther 4
Authors: Grossman Jonathan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Literary analysis tends to focus on major characters or minor characters as long as their active role in the narrative serves to further the plot. The contribution of minor characters is often viewed as limited to their active role in the narrative. However, sometimes the passive role of a minor character, and even the disappearance of a character from the plot, can serve a valuable literary purpose. This article outlines the nature of the Vanishing Minor Character, whose literary purpose is to disappear at a crucial moment, making room for the remaining characters. The article demonstrates this model using the character of Hathach—the Persian eunuch—who serves as an intermediary between Esther and Mordecai in Esther 4.
Antiochus IV as the Scorned Prince in Dan 11:21
Authors: Scolnic Benjamin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
While most English translations render nbzh in Dan 11:21 as “contemptible, vile, despicable,” closer examination will demonstrate that this Biblical Hebrew word should be translated as “spurned, scorned, rejected.” Once one understands Dan 11:21 accordingly, other ancient sources can be brought to show that this verse states, in its own thinly-veiled code, that before his rise to power, Antiochus IV, son of the late king Antiochus III and brother of the current king Seleucus IV, had been scorned and had not been given appropriate royal honors. This verse should be seen as another element in the evaluation of Dan 11 as an accurate and important historical source for the events surrounding the rise and rule of Antiochus IV.
Habitat use, reproductive traits and social interactions in a stream-dweller treefrog endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Nali Renato C. , Prado Cynthia P.A. 
Published: November 2012

The richest anuran fauna is found in the Neotropics, but the natural history of most species is unknown. Bokermannohyla ibitiguara is a stream-dweller treefrog endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado and classified as “Data Deficient” by the IUCN. Herein we describe the species’ reproductive biology. Fieldwork was conducted from August 2010 to July 2011. Reproductive activity occurred from October to June and was positively correlated with air temperature, humidity, and monthly rainfall. Individuals were observed only in gallery forests at the margins of streams and males used various kinds of substrates as calling sites. Males did not aggregate in specific parts of the streams and spatial distance between males was higher in the dry season. Males and females did not differ in length, but females without mature oocytes were lighter than males. The reproductive investment (gonad mass/body mass) of males was 0.29% and that of females was 20.26%. Female ovaries contained a mean of 202 ± 75 mature oocytes with a mean diameter of 1.96 ± 0.16 mm. We describe, for the first time for the genus, a complex courtship behaviour and also male-male fight and satellite behaviour. The Cerrado is probably the most threatened savanna in the world, having been intensively modified over the last decades. Endemic species associated to gallery forests, such as B. ibitiguara, are highly vulnerable to habitat alterations. Thus, our study provides important data on the species’ biology, which might be useful for conservation practices, but also to investigate taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships in this genus.
Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits
Authors: Fauvel Thomas , Brischoux François , Briand Marine Jeanne , Bonnet Xavier 
Published: November 2012

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.
Sexual dimorphism in size and shell shape, and dichromatism of spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) in Southwestern Michigan
Authors: Rowe John W. , Gradel Jessica R. , Bunce Charles F. , Clark David L. 
Published: November 2012

Differences in pigmentation, morphometry, and body size between sexes within populations can imply inter-sexual differences in reproductive biology. We assessed variation in body size, morphometrics, and pigmentation in Spotted Turtles (Clemmys guttata) in a southwestern Michigan population.Clemmys guttatawas not sexually dimorphic in body size but when compared to males, positive allometric increases in shell height resulted in relatively domed shells in females. Integumental reflectance was mostly limited to the visual spectrum 400-700 nm with little to no reflectance in the UV spectrum (340-700 nm). We found no intersexual differences in the intensity (brightness) of yellow spots or black ground color of the head and carapace, perhaps suggesting that such markings are involved in cryptic coloration. The orange-red stripes of the head and forelimbs, that were similar in intensity between the sexes, would look conspicuous in the full spectrum light of the shallow aquatic habitats ofC. guttataand thus could be involved in mate recognition. Chins of males were darker than those of females suggesting that chin color is a sexually selected trait.
Spatial analysis of amphibian road mortality levels in northern Portugal country roads
Authors: Matos Cátia , Sillero Neftalí , Argaña Elena 
Published: November 2012

Animal mortality caused by vehicle collisions is one of the main ecological impacts of roads. Amphibians are the most affected group and road fatalities have a significant impact on population dynamics and viability. Several studies on Iberian amphibians have shown the importance of country roads on amphibian road mortality, but still, little is known about the situation in northern Portugal. By being more permeable to amphibian passage, country roads represent a greater source of mortality than highways, which act as barriers. Thus, mitigation measures should be applied, but due to the extensive road network, the identification of precise locations (hotspots) and variables related to animal-vehicle collision is needed to plan these measures successfully. The aim of the study was to analyse the spatial occurrence and related factors linked to amphibian mortality on a number of country roads in northern Portugal, using spatial statistics implemented in GIS and applying a binary logistical regression. We surveyed 631 km of road corresponding to seven transects, and observed 404 individual amphibians: 74 (18.3%) alive and 330 (81.7%) road-killed. Bufo bufo represented 80% of the mortality records. Three transects showed clustered distribution of road-kills, and broadleaved forests and road ditches were the most important factors associated with hotspots of road-kill. Logistic regression models showed that habitat quality, Bufo bufo’s habitat preferences, and road ditches are positively associated with amphibians’ road mortality in northern Portugal, whereas average altitude and length of walls were negatively associated. This study is a useful tool to understand spatial occurrence of amphibian road-kills in the face of applying mitigation measures on country roads from northern Portugal. This study also considers the necessity of assessing the condition of amphibian local populations to understand their road-kills spatial patterns and the urgency to apply mitigation measures on country roads.
The amphibian chytrid fungus in Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans: past absence, current presence, and metamorph mortality
Authors: Böll Susanne , Tobler Ursina , Geiger Corina C. , Hansbauer Günter , Schmidt Benedikt R. 
Published: November 2012

In three Bavarian populations of Alytes obstetricans that were studied for the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the pathogen was detected. This is the first account of chytridiomycosis in Bavaria, Germany. Infected tadpoles had low infection loads mostly of 101 to 102 genome equivalents. Under high-density rearing conditions in the laboratory mortality rates were high after metamorphosis. Some individuals, however, showed no infection with Bd, while others survived metamorphosis in spite of low Bd loads. A new approach was chosen to get historical data on Bd occurrence in one of these populations: skeletochronological phalanx cross sections of 248 individuals that had been collected in the late 1980s were used to analyse the epidermis for chytrid sporangia. No sporangia were detected, thus we conclude that this population was not affected by Bd in the past.
From a Phenomenology of the Subject to a Phenomenology of the Event: Reconstructing the Ontological Basis for a Phenomenological Psychology
Authors: Mølbak Rune L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper I make the argument that being phenomenologically faithful to human experience means broadening the scope of the phenomenological method to not only include subjective experiences. Instead of reducing the psychological study of phenomena to the subject who ‘has’ an experience and who makes sense of this experience according to his or her own goal-directed plans, I will introduce the idea of starting our research from an understanding of an experience that is more original than the subject who ‘has’ it, since it both happens to this subject and transforms this subject in the process of happening to it. This understanding of experience, which is based in part on insights from the later Heidegger and the work of Jean-Luc Marion, takes the phenomenological reduction beyond what this or that experience meant to a particular subject (a psychological reduction) and looks instead at how this particular subject came into being as part of an experiential event that allowed it to become the subject that it is. I will call this new phenomenology a ‘phenomenology of the event’ and will seek to develop the implications of situating the study of psychological phenomena within such a paradigm.
On Figal’s Heidegger-Critique in Gegenständlichkeit
Authors: Freydberg Bernard 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The paper is divided into four brief but related sections: (I) a description of Figal’s resuscitation and reinterpretation of the word that informs the title of his book, the word “Gegenstand,” and his Heidegger-critique regarding this resuscitation; (II) an examination of an important strain of the aforementioned lineage, namely, the role of Wilhelm von Humboldt as source for Heidegger’s and his own Sprachdenken; (III) an account of the Figal-Heidegger encounter with respect to the speaking of language; and (IV) the culmination of the “Sprache” chapter and some comments upon the outcome with regard to philosophy of language.
Bolivia’s Radical Tradition: Permanent Revolution in the Andes, S. Sándor John, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2009 ‘I Sweat the Flavor of Tin’: Labor Activism in Early Twentieth-Century Bolivia, Robert L. Smale, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010
Authors: Choonara Joseph 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRobert L. Smale’s work looks in detail at the origins of Bolivia’s labour movement in the tin mines of the early twentieth century. This provides a good starting point for an account of the rapid rise of Trotskyism in the period leading up to the national revolution of 1952, a phenomenon described in detail in S. Sándor John’s book. Sándor John’s work in particular is important in understanding both the strengths and limitations of the Trotskyist POR, which was not able to displace rival nationalist organisations to achieve political hegemony in the struggles of the second half of the twentieth century.
Political Economy: History with the Politics Left Out?
Authors: Backhouse Roger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper argues that Milonakis and Fine, in their bookFrom Political Economy to Economics, offer an account of history that systematically omits discussion of how economics has been shaped by the political and social context in which it developed. This contrasts with work by intellectual historians who have argued that such factors were crucial to understanding the history of economic ideas. It is ironic given that Milonakis and Fine are criticising economists for excluding the political and the social from economics.
Why We Need to Understand Derivatives in Relation to Money: A Reply to Tony Norfield
Authors: Bryan Dick , Rafferty Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe issue of the relation between financial derivatives, money and crisis remains one of on-going debate within Marxism. This paper takes issue with a recent contribution to this debate by Tony Norfield. We contend that the relationship between financial derivatives and the concept of ‘money’ needs to be framed in the context of a changing understanding of liquidity, and that issues of crisis and renewed accumulation are better understood though this path than via debates about speculative versus real investment and productive versus unproductive capital. Indeed these latter taxonomies are being superseded by current developments within finance, and Marxian analysis needs to be attuned to these current developments.
Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews, Volume 1: The False Messiah, Alan Hart, Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2009; Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews, Volume 2: David Becomes Goliath, Alan Hart, Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2009; Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews, Volume 3: Conflict Without End, Alan Hart, Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2010
Authors: Ajl Max 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis review-essay looks at a recent trilogy of works on Israeli history, the political history of the relationship between the United States and Israel, and the effect of the Israel lobby on the relationship between the two states. While the books attempt to construct a narrative that essentially blame the lobby for close to one hundred years of American malfeasance in the Middle East, they falter due to their idealism, their weak grasp of regional political economy and American capital accumulation, and their conspiracism. Instead, this review proposes a reinterpretation of regional political economy, materially grounding the lobby and the Special Relationship while situating the two within the patterns of accumulation pushed by Jonathan Nitzan and Shimshon Bichler’s ‘weapondollar-petrodollar coalition’, the main determinant of American foreign policy in the Middle East.