bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Taxidermic Arts’, or, why is taxidermy not art?
Authors: Prottas Nathaniel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
When world’s most famous taxidermist, Carl Akeley, died in 1926, many obituaries cited his consummate skill and innovative technique, often arguing that he had elevated taxidermy from a craft to an art. Such claims notwithstanding, taxidermy tends still to be considered as a craft. While scholars have studied the various ways in which taxidermy has been deployed within art practices – to critique gender, colonialism and concepts of mortality – late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century attempts to classify it as a fine art failed. This critical and historical asymmetry frames the following article, which explores what it tells us about how art is conceived today. I argue that taxidermy ‘failed’ as a form of art not because its procedures were distasteful, nor because its practice lacked the skill and vision an art might require. Rather, taxidermy remains outside of art due to a confluence of historical shifts in art practice and theory in the late nineteenth century, particularly those associated with the rise of instant photography and the advent of the snapshot. In this context, the making and display of taxidermied specimens entailed tensions – between ideal and real, type and example, multiple and singular, index and object – that were and remain central to photography and art. But, unlike photography, around which art historians have developed a sophisticated discourse, taxidermy lacks a critical vocabulary. Importantly, I argue, the taxidermied animal’s status involves no author-function, thus throwing into question methods of production and display. And, in light of this, I delineate taxidermy’s ‘failure’ in order to elucidate some of the tacit exclusions enacted by art history, particularly with regard to works that simultaneously reveal and negate their own manufacture.
The Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Ba0.4Co4Sb11.7Te0.3 Prepared by the High-Pressure and High-Temperature Method
Authors: Hao Song , Ma Hong An , Deng Le , Jie Kai Kai , Liu Zhe , Jia Xiao Peng , Ren Guo Zhong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline skutterudite Ba0.4Co4Sb11.7Te0.3 with a bcc crystal structure was prepared by the High-Pressure and High-Temperature (HPHT) method. The study explored a chemical method for introducing Ba atoms into the voids of CoSb3 to optimize the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT in the system of Ba0.4Co4Sb11.7Te0.3. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and thermoelectric properties measurement. The electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficients and thermal conductivities of the samples were measured in the temperature range of 300–743 K. The power factor and the figure of merit, ZT, of the samples all increased with the increasing temperature. A dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.87 at 743 K was achieved for n-type Ba0.4Co4Sb11.7Te0.3 at last. The results indicated Ba-filled CoSb3 prepared by HPHT method is an effective method to greatly enhance the thermoelectric properties of skutterudite compounds.
Alsó végtagi ischaemiás-reperfusiós károsodás hosszú távú tüdőszövődményeinek megelőzése posztkondicionálással
Authors: Garbaisz Dávid , Turóczi Zsolt , Fülöp András , Rosero Olivér , Arányi Péter , Ónody Péter , Lotz Gábor , Rakonczay Zoltán , Balla Zsolt , Harsányi László , Szijártó Attila 
Published: June 2013

AbsztraktBevezetés:Az infrarenalis aortaszakaszon végzett érműtétek utáni alsó végtagi ischaemiás-reperfusiós (IR) károsodás lokális és szisztémás szövődmények forrása. A folyamatban a tüdőszövet jelentős mértékben érintett.Célkitűzés:Az alsó végtagi IR károsodás hosszú távú tüdőszövődményeinek csökkentése posztkondicionálással.Anyagok és mód-szerek:Hím Wistar-patkányokon, 180 perces bilateralis alsó végtagi ischaemiát hoztunk létre. Az állatokat Áloperált, IR és Posztkondicionált (PostC, 6×10 sec) csoportokra osztottuk. A reperfusiós időtartamok alapján (24 és 72 óra) további alcsoportokat hoztunk létre. Szövettani vizsgálat, szérum szabadgyök-, IL-6-, szöveti Hsp72-szint, illetve a szöveti nedvességarány (W/D) és myeloperoxidáz (MPO) meghatározása történt.Eredmények:A detektálható tüdőkárosodás a PostC csoportok metszetein kedvezőbb képet mutat. A PostC csoport tüdő MPO aktivitása nem mutatott jelentős különbséget, a W/D arány mindkét időpontban szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt (68% vs. 65%; 72% vs. 68%;p< 0,05). A PostC csoportokban a szabadgyök-szint (42,9 ± 8,0 vs. 6,4 ± 3,4; 27,3 ± 4,4 vs. 8,3 ± 4,0 RLU%) szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt; az IL-6- (238,4 ± 31,1 vs. 209,1 ± 18,8; 190,0 ± 8,8 vs. 187,0 ± 14,9 pg/ml) és Hsp72-szint nem mutatott szignifikáns eltérést.Következtetés:A posztkondicionálás csökkentheti az alsó végtagi nagyérműtétek utáni hosszú távú tüdőkárosodást.
Effect of Low‐Dose Doxycycline on Serum Oxidative Status, Gingival Antioxidant Levels, and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Yağan Akın , Kesim Servet , Liman Narin 
Published: June 2013

Background: Subantibiotic doses of doxycycline (low‐dose doxycycline [LDD]) have been widely used in periodontal treatment for enzymatic inhibition and related anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study is to verify the possible effects of LDD on oxidative stress in relation to periodontal attachment loss associated with ligature‐induced experimental periodontal disease in rats.Methods: Thirty female Wistar albino rats were divided into three study groups as follows: 1) control (C) rats; 2) rats with experimental periodontitis (PED); and 3) rats with PED that were treated with doxycycline (PED + LDD). PED was induced by placing ligatures around the cervix of the maxillary second molars for 21 days. The PED + LDD group was treated orally with doxycycline (6 mg/kg) for 21 days after the ligature was placed. After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and samples of the right maxilla were defleshed and used for histologic and morphometric analyses. The gingival tissue of the left maxilla was used for the analysis of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase). Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed.Results: Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PED group compared with the PED + LDD and C groups (P <0.05). Doxycycline exhibited the most prominent inhibition on gingival tissue levels of MDA and antioxidant enzymes (P <0.05). Doxycycline also significantly reduced TOS and OSI levels (P <0.05) but increased the TAS level.Conclusion: Doxycycline helps to prevent periodontal tissue breakdown by inhibiting local and systemic oxidative stress.
Skeletal and dental effects of tooth-borne versus hybrid devices for mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Niculescu Julia A. , King John W. , Lindauer Steven J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate and compare, retrospectively, the skeletal and dental effects of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) achieved through the use of tooth-borne versus hybrid distractors.

Materials and Methods:
Pretreatment (T1), predistraction (T2), postdistraction (T3), and posttreatment (T4) orthodontic records were collected and analyzed for 47 patients (20 tooth-borne, 27 hybrid). At each time point, records included intraoral photographs, study models, postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs, and lateral cephalometric radiographs. Submental vertex radiographs were taken at T2, T3, and T4. Changes in a total of 18 measurements were analyzed to compare patients undergoing tooth-borne versus hybrid distraction.

Results:
The cumulative effects of orthodontics and MSDO produced similar gains in measured arch widths, with a decreased irregularity index in both groups (P &gt; .05). However, there were differences in the timing during which the expansion was achieved. The hybrid distractor group gained space during the distraction phase of treatment. The tooth-borne group showed greater gains during pre- and postdistraction orthodontics. Comparisons of intercanine and interbone marker widths demonstrated a more parallel separation of bone during distraction with the hybrid distractor (P &lt; .001). Distraction with the tooth-borne distractor was disproportionate, with greater separation of the canines in alveolar bone than of the bone markers in basal bone. During postdistraction orthodontics, the tooth-borne distractor group showed statistically greater increases in measurements.

Conclusion:
Both skeletal and dental expansion was achieved with both appliances. Greater skeletal expansion was achieved with a hybrid distractor. Greater dental expansion was achieved with a tooth-borne distractor.
Impact of Quantity of Resin, C-factor, and Geometry on Resin Composite Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Class V Restorations
Authors: Borges ALS , Borges AB , Xavier TA , Bottino MC , Platt JA 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY

Objective
This study evaluated the effect of quantity of resin composite, C-factor, and geometry in Class V restorations on shrinkage stress after bulk fill insertion of resin using two-dimensional finite element analysis.

Methods
An image of a buccolingual longitudinal plane in the middle of an upper first premolar and supporting tissues was used for modeling 10 groups: cylindrical cavity, erosion, and abfraction lesions with the same C-factor (1.57), a second cylindrical cavity and abfraction lesion with the same quantity of resin (QR) as the erosion lesion, and then all repeated with a bevel on the occlusal cavosurface angle. The 10 groups were imported into Ansys 13.0 for two-dimensional finite element analysis. The mesh was built with 30,000 triangle and square elements of 0.1 mm in length for all the models. All materials were considered isotropic, homogeneous, elastic, and linear, and the resin composite shrinkage was simulated by thermal analogy. The maximum principal (MPS) and von Mises stresses (VMS) were analyzed for comparing the behavior of the groups.

Results
Different values of angles for the cavosurface margin in enamel and dentin were obtained for all groups and the higher the angle, the lower the stress concentration. When the groups with the same C-factor and QR were compared, the erosion shape cavity showed the highest MPS and VMS values, and abfraction shape, the lowest. A cavosurface bevel decreased the stress values on the occlusal margin. The geometry factor overcame the effects of C-factor and QR in some situations.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the current methodology, it is possible to conclude that the combination of all variables studied influences the stress, but the geometry is the most important factor to be considered by the operator.
Role of inflammasomes and their regulators in prostate cancer initiation, progression and metastasis
Authors: Veeranki Sudhakar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the main cancers that affect men, especially older men. Though there has been considerable progress in understanding the progression of prostate cancer, the drivers of its development need to be studied more comprehensively. The emergence of resistant forms has also increased the clinical challenges involved in the treatment of prostate cancer. Recent evidence has suggested that inflammation might play an important role at various stages of cancer development. This review focuses on inflammasome research that is relevant to prostate cancer and indicates future avenues of study into its effective prevention and treatment through inflammasome regulation. With regard to prostate cancer, such research is still in its early stages. Further study is certainly necessary to gain a broader understanding of prostate cancer development and to create successful therapy solutions.
Electrical conductivity of vapor‐grown carbon nanofiber/polyester textile‐based composites
Authors: Sabetzadeh Niloufar , Najar Saeed Shaikhzadeh , Bahrami S. Hajir 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to investigate the capability of vapor‐grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) to improve the electrical conductivity of textile‐based composites. A combination of mechanical stirring and ultrasonication was used to disperse VGCNFs at various weight fractions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt %). Textile‐based composites were fabricated with a hand‐layup method with the application of three fabric types, including carbon, Kevlar, and polyester fabrics. The electrical conductivity of the samples was measured with a four‐point probe method, and morphological analysis was performed with field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity of the composite samples was investigated from the standpoint of the VGCNFs' weight fraction, fabric type, cure process temperature. and sonication time. We found that with increasing VGCNF weight fraction, the conductivity increased. Also, the optimum conductivity was obtained at a sonication time of about 2 h. A higher conductivity was observed in the carbon fabric‐based composites than in the Kevlar‐ and polyester‐fabric‐based composites. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference among the electrical conductivities of the VGCNF/polyester‐textile‐based composites prepared at room temperature and 60°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3009–3017, 2013
Using bibliometrics to support the facilitation of cross‐disciplinary communication
Authors: Williams Christopher J. , O'Rourke Michael , Eigenbrode Sanford D. , O'Loughlin Ian , Crowley Stephen J. 
Published: June 2013

Given the importance of cross‐disciplinary research (CDR), facilitatingCDReffectiveness is a priority for many institutions and funding agencies. There are a number ofCDRtypes, however, and the effectiveness of facilitation efforts will require sensitivity to that diversity. This article presents a method characterizing a spectrum ofCDRdesigned to inform facilitation efforts that relies on bibliometric techniques and citation data. We illustrate its use by theToolbox Project, an ongoing effort to enhance cross‐disciplinary communication inCDRteams through structured, philosophical dialogue about research assumptions in a workshop setting.Toolbox Project workshops have been conducted with more than 85 research teams, but the project's extensibility to an objectively characterized range ofCDRcollaborations has not been examined. To guide wider application of theToolbox Project, we have developed a method that uses multivariate statistical analyses of transformed citation proportions from published manuscripts to identify candidate areas ofCDR, and then overlays information from previousToolbox participant groups on these areas to determine candidate areas for future application. The approach supplies 3 results of general interest:A way to employ small data sets and familiar statistical techniques to characterize CDR spectra as a guide to scholarship on CDR patterns and trends.A model for using bibliometric techniques to guide broadly applicable interventions similar to the Toolbox.A method for identifying the location of collaborative CDR teams on a map of scientific activity, of use to research administrators, research teams, and other efforts to enhance CDR projects.
Development of a highly sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using enhanced luminol as substrate
Authors: Tao Xiaoqi , Wang Wenjun , Wang Zhanhui , Cao Xingyuan , Zhu Jinghui , Niu Lanlan , Wu Xiaoping , Jiang Haiyang , Shen Jianzhong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, a high sensitivity chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) based on novel enhancers was developed. Under optimal conditions, we developed an enhanced chemiluminescence reaction (ECR) catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP‐C) in the presence of 3‐(10'‐phenothiazinyl) propane‐1‐sulfonate (SPTZ) and 4‐morpholinopyridine (MORP) as enhancers. The limit of detection of the newly prepared chemiluminescent cocktail for HRP was 0.33 pg/well, which is lower than that of commercial Super Signal substrate. The results showed that this novel chemiluminescent cocktail can significantly increase the light output of HRP‐catalyzed ECR, which can be translated into a corresponding improvement in sensitivity. Similar improvements were observed in CLEIA for the determination of chloramphenicol in milk. In addition, the ECR of N‐azoles as secondary enhancer was also presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein folding and unfolding under force
Authors: Jagannathan Bharat , Marqusee Susan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe recent revolution in optics and instrumentation has enabled the study of protein folding using extremely low mechanical forces as the denaturant. This exciting development has led to the observation of the protein folding process at single molecule resolution and its response to mechanical force. Here, we describe the principles and experimental details of force spectroscopy on proteins, with a focus on the optical tweezers instrument. Several recent results will be discussed to highlight the importance of this technique in addressing a variety of questions in the protein folding field. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 860–869, 2013.
Twenty‐five years of nucleic acid simulations
Authors: Cheatham Thomas E. , Case David A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a brief, and largely personal, history of computer simulations of DNA and RNA oligonucleotides, with an emphasis on duplex structures and the Amber force fields. Both explicit and implicit solvent models are described, and methods for estimating structures, thermodynamics and mechanical properties of duplexes are illustrated. This overview, covering about two decades of work, provides a perspective for a discussion of prospects and obstacles for future simulations of RNA and DNA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 969–977, 2013.
Catalytic Properties of a Hierarchical Zeolite Synthesized from a Natural Aluminosilicate Mineral without the Use of a Secondary Mesoscale Template
Authors: Ding Jiajia , Liu Haiyan , Yuan Pei , Shi Gang , Bao Xiaojun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite with a bimodal meso‐microporous system, high crystallinity, and a large surface area and meso‐micropore volume was successfully synthesized from a natural layered aluminosilicate mineral rectorite without using a secondary mesoscale template. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of the hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite were extensively characterized. The results showed that the mesopores of the synthesized hierarchical ZSM‐5, which are almost slitlike intercrystal pores, originate from the construction of primary nanorods of the ZSM‐5 zeolite. Analysis of the crystallization process revealed that the undissolved rectorite debris acted as seed crystals and played a structure‐directing role, which is the key factor that influences the formation of the hierarchical structure. Such a hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite, as a result of its unique structural characteristics and increased accessibility of acid sites, possessed a remarkably enhanced activity for the cracking of 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene, a dramatically higher anti‐deactivation ability for cumene conversion, and a significantly improved propylene‐boosting performance for heavy oil cracking than the other catalysts tested.
Kinetic Stabilization and Reactivity of π Single‐Bonded Species: Effect of the Alkoxy Group on the Lifetime of Singlet 2,2‐Dialkoxy‐1,3‐diphenyloctahydropentalene‐1,3‐diyls
Authors: Nakagaki Tomoyuki , Sakai Tomoko , Mizuta Tsutomu , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Abe Manabu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKinetic stabilization and reactivity of π single‐bonded species have been investigated in detail by generating a series of singlet 2,2‐dialkoxy‐1,3‐diphenyloctahydropentalene‐1,3‐diyls (DRs). The lifetime at 293 K in benzene was found to increase when the carbon chain length of the alkoxy groups was increased; 292 ns (DRb; OR=OR′=OCH3) <880 ns (DRc; OR=OR′=OC2H5) <1899 ns (DRd; OR=OR′=OC3H7) ≈2292 ns (DRe; OR=OR′=OC6H13) ≈2146 ns (DRf; OR=OR′=OC10H21). DRh (OR=OC3H7, OR′=OCH3; 935 ns) with the mixed‐acetal moiety is a longer‐lived species than another diastereomer DRg (OR=OCH3, OR′=OC3H7; 516 ns). Activation parameters determined for the first‐order decay process reveal that the enthalpy factor plays a crucial role in determining the energy barrier of the ring‐closing reaction, that is, from the π‐bonding to the σ‐bonding compounds. Computational studies using density functional theory provided more insight into the structures of the singlet species with π single‐bonded character and the transition states for the ring‐closing reaction, thereby clarifying the role of the alkoxy group on the lifetime and the stereoselectivity of the ring‐closing reaction.
Ligand‐Stabilized and Atomically Precise Gold Nanocluster Catalysis: A Case Study for Correlating Fundamental Electronic Properties with Catalysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Krishna Katla Sai , Losovyj Yaroslav B. , Chattopadhyay Soma , Lozova Natalia , Miller Jeffrey T. , Spivey James J. , Kumar Challa S. S. R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present results from our investigations into correlating the styrene‐oxidation catalysis of atomically precise mixed‐ligand biicosahedral‐structure [Au25(PPh3)10(SC12H25)5Cl2]2+ (Au25‐bi) and thiol‐stabilized icosahedral core–shell‐structure [Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18]− (Au25‐i) clusters with their electronic and atomic structure by using a combination of synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). Compared to bulk Au, XAFS revealed low Au–Au coordination, AuAu bond contraction and higher d‐band vacancies in both the ligand‐stabilized Au clusters. The ligands were found not only to act as colloidal stabilizers, but also as d‐band electron acceptor for Au atoms. Au25‐bi clusters have a higher first‐shell Au coordination number than Au25‐i, whereas Au25‐bi and Au25‐i clusters have the same number of Au atoms. The UPS revealed a trend of narrower d‐band width, with apparent d‐band spin–orbit splitting and higher binding energy of d‐band center position for Au25‐bi and Au25‐i. We propose that the differences in their d‐band unoccupied state population are likely to be responsible for differences in their catalytic activity and selectivity. The findings reported herein help to understand the catalysis of atomically precise ligand‐stabilized metal clusters by correlating their atomic or electronic properties with catalytic activity.