bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximeter Sensor Application During Neonatal Resuscitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Louis Deepak , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Kumar Praveen 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
This study was done to compare 2 techniques of pulse oximeter sensor application during neonatal resuscitation for faster signal detection.

METHODS:
Sensor to infant first (STIF) and then to oximeter was compared with sensor to oximeter first (STOF) and then to infant in ≥28 weeks gestations. The primary outcome was time from completion of sensor application to reliable signal, defined as stable display of heart rate and saturation. Time from birth to sensor application, time taken for sensor application, time from birth to reliable signal, and need to reapply sensor were secondary outcomes. An intention-to-treat analysis was done, and subgroup analysis was done for gestation and need for resuscitation.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty neonates were randomized with 75 to each technique. The median (IQR) time from sensor application to detection of reliable signal was longer in STIF group compared with STOF group (16 [15–17] vs. 10 [6–18] seconds; P &lt;0.001). Time taken for application of sensor was longer with STIF technique than with STOF technique (12 [10–16] vs. 11 [9–15] seconds; P = 0.04). Time from birth to reliable signal did not differ between the 2 methods (STIF: 61 [52–76] seconds; STOF: 58 [47–73] seconds [P = .09]). Time taken for signal acquisition was longer with STIF than with STOF in both subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the delivery room setting, the STOF method recognized saturation and heart rate faster than the STIF method. The time from birth to reliable signal was similar with the 2 methods.
A Pacifier-Activated Music Player With Mother’s Voice Improves Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants
Authors: Chorna Olena D. , Slaughter James C. , Wang Lulu , Stark Ann R. , Maitre Nathalie L. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVES:
We conducted a randomized trial to test the hypothesis that mother’s voice played through a pacifier-activated music player (PAM) during nonnutritive sucking would improve the development of sucking ability and promote more effective oral feeding in preterm infants.

METHODS:
Preterm infants between 34 0/7 and 35 6/7 weeks’ postmenstrual age, including those with brain injury, who were taking at least half their feedings enterally and less than half orally, were randomly assigned to receive 5 daily 15-minute sessions of either PAM with mother’s recorded voice or no PAM, along with routine nonnutritive sucking and maternal care in both groups. Assignment was masked to the clinical team.

RESULTS:
Ninety-four infants (46 and 48 in the PAM intervention and control groups, respectively) completed the study. The intervention group had significantly increased oral feeding rate (2.0 vs 0.9 mL/min, P &lt; .001), oral volume intake (91.1 vs 48.1 mL/kg/d, P = .001), oral feeds/day (6.5 vs 4.0, P &lt; .001), and faster time-to-full oral feedings (31 vs 38 d, P = .04) compared with controls. Weight gain and cortisol levels during the 5-day protocol were not different between groups. Average hospital stays were 20% shorter in the PAM group, but the difference was not significant (P = .07).

CONCLUSIONS:
A PAM using mother’s voice improves oral feeding skills in preterm infants without adverse effects on hormonal stress or growth.
Inpatient Bronchiolitis Guideline Implementation and Resource Utilization
Authors: Mittal Vineeta , Darnell Cindy , Walsh Brian , Mehta Amit , Badawy Mohamed , Morse Rustin , Pop Rodica , Tidwell Jerithea , Sheehan Maeve , McDermott Sandra , Cannon Carolyn , Kahn Jeffrey 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND:
Provider-dependent practice variation in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis is not uncommon. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can streamline practice and reduce utilization however, CPG implementation is complex.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team developed and implemented CPGs for management of bronchiolitis for children &lt;2 years old. Children with comorbidities, ICU admissions, and outside hospital transfers were excluded. Implementation involved teamwork and collaboration, provider education, online access to CPGs, order sets, data sharing, and monthly team meetings. Resource utilization was defined as use of chest x-rays (CXRs), antibiotics, steroids, and more than 2 doses of inhaled bronchodilator use. Outcome metrics included length of stay (LOS) and readmission rate. Bronchiolitis season was defined as September to April. Data were collected for 2 seasons post implementation.

RESULTS:
The number CPG-eligible patients in the pre- and 2 postimplementation periods were similar (1244, preimplementation; 1159, postimplementation season 1; 1283 postimplementation season 2). CXRs decreased from 59.7% to 45.1% (P &lt; .0001) in season 1 to 39% (P &lt; .0001) in season 2. Bronchodilator use decreased from 27% to 20% (P &lt; .01) in season 1 to 14% (P &lt; .002) in season 2. Steroid use significantly reduced from 19% to 11% (P &lt; .01). Antibiotic use did not change significantly (P = .16). LOS decreased from 2.3 to 1.8 days (P &lt; .0001) in season 1 and 1.9 days (P &lt; .05) in season 2. All-cause 7-day readmission rate did not change (P = .45).

CONCLUSIONS:
Bronchiolitis CPG implementation resulted in reduced use of CXRs, bronchodilators, steroids, and LOS without affecting 7-day all-cause readmissions.
Obesity in Pediatric ALL Survivors: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Kelly Michael J. , Saltzman Edward , Must Aviva , Roberts Susan B. , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Previous studies of survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have drawn heterogeneous conclusions regarding the prevalence of obesity and risk factors for developing obesity in pediatric ALL survivors. We sought to determine the prevalence of obesity in pediatric ALL survivors and examine risk factors for obesity through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS:
A MEDLINE search was performed from its inception through 2013. Studies met the inclusion criteria if they (1) included at least 10 survivors of pediatric ALL; (2) assessed the prevalence or indicators of obesity; and (3) compared obesity among ALL survivors to a reference population or external control group. Extracted data included patient and treatment characteristics, study design, population used for comparison, and prevalence of obesity.

RESULTS:
Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Despite significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 96%), the mean BMI z score in 1742 pediatric ALL survivors was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.60–1.06), which corresponds to the 80th BMI percentile, indicating a significantly higher BMI in pediatric ALL survivors than the reference population. Subgroup analyses found a high prevalence of obesity in ALL survivors regardless of survivors’ receipt of cranial irradiation, gender, or age at diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Obesity is prevalent in pediatric ALL survivors and is independent of patient- and treatment-related characteristics. Clinicians need to screen for obesity and its associated health conditions early in survivorship.
Atomic-layer Deposition for Improved Performance of III-N Avalanche Photodiodes
Authors: Hennessy John , Bell L. Douglas , Nikzad Shouleh , Suvarna Puneet , Leathersich Jeffrey M. , Marini Jonathan , Shahedipour-Sandvik F. (Shadi) 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe have investigated surface modification methods for avalanche photodiodes using dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Arrays of mesa GaN APDs were fabricated, and ALD Al2O3 was used for sidewall passivation prior to completing the APD array. The use of ALD Al2O3 in this manner was observed to result in a large average improvement in APD dark current when compared with devices using more conventional SiO2 passivation layers produced by chemical vapor deposition. Co-processed metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated with the same passivation layers show significant improvement in electrical interface quality for devices with ALD Al2O3.
Ultraviolet Photodetector Fabricated from 3D WO3 Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Material
Authors: Shao Dali , Yu Mingpeng , Lian Jie , Sawyer Shayla 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTAn Ultraviolet (UV) photodetector with high responsivity and relative fast response speed was fabricated from three dimensional WO3 nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (3D WO3 NWs/RGO) composite materials. The 3D WO3 NDs/GN composite was synthesized using a facile three-step synthesis. First, the Na2WO4/Graphene Oxide (GO) precursor was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation. Second, the Na2WO4/GO precursor was transformed into H2WO4/GO composites by acidification. Finally, the H2WO4/GO composites were reduced to 3D WO3 NWs/RGO via hydrothermal reduction process. A maximum photoresponsivity of 4.2 A/W at 374 nm was observed under 20 V bias. The UV photodetector showed relative fast transient response, which is at least 2 orders of magnitude faster than UV photodetectors fabricated from WO3 nanowires. The good photoresponsivity and fast transient response are attributed to improved carrier transport and collection efficiency through graphene.
Effects of Coulomb Impurity in Semiconductor Nanowire
Authors: Tchelidze Tamar , Kereselidze Tamaz , Nadareishvili Teimuraz 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe present calculation of electronic structure of impurity in nanowire. Ionization energy of impurities are calculated in dependence on nanowire radius. Direct Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization method with the physically reasonable approximate potential is employed for finding the exact solution of Schrödinger equation in the effective-mass approximation. It is shown that shallow donors are strongly influences by space confinement, which is expressed in sharp increase of ionization energy. Calculations show that effect of space confinement on deep impurities is less pronounced. The obtained results give hope that by selecting optimal value of nanowire radius compensation processes can be suppressed.
Investigation of migration behavior of rod-like dsDNA in gel with precisely controlled network structure
Authors: Li Xiang , Khairulina Kateryna , Chung Ung-il , Sakai Takamasa 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe investigated the migration behavior of rodlike double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in polymer gels and polymer solutions. Tetra-PEG gel, which has a homogeneous network structure, was utilized as a model system, allowing us to systematically tune the polymer volume fraction and molecular weight of network strand. Although we examined the applicability of the existing models, all the models failed to predict the migration behavior. Thus, we proposed a new model based on the Ogston model, which well explained the experimental data of polymer solutions and gels. The polymer volume fraction determined the maximum mobility, while the network strand governed the size sieving effect. From these results, we conclude that the polymer network with lower polymer volume fraction and smaller network strand is better in terms of size separation. The homogeneous polymer network is vital for understanding of particles’ dynamics in polymer network and a promising material for high-performance size separation.
High resistivity isolation for AlGaN/GaN HEMT using Al double-implantation
Authors: Taube Andrzej , Kozubal Maciej , Kaczmarski Jakub , Juchniewicz Marcin , Barcz Adam , Dyczewski Jan , Jakieła Rafał , Dynowska Elżbieta , Borysiewicz Michał Adam , Prystawko Paweł , Jasiński Jakub , Borowicz Paweł , Kamińska Eliana , Piotrowska Anna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe paper reports on the fabrication of electrical isolation for planar AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor using Al double-implantation. The implantation was performed using Al+ ions with energies of 800 keV and 300 keV with doses of 1.5×1013 ion/cm2 and 1×1013 ion/cm2, respectively. Electrical measurements have shown that after implantation the sheet resistance was 1.8×1011 Ω/□ and increased to 1.17×1014 Ω/□ and 3.29×1012 Ω/□ after annealing at 400°C and 600°C respectively. Annealing at 800°C decreased the sheet resistance to 1.38×108 Ω/□. Characterization by XRD, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy give evidence that implantation damages the crystal lattice, yielding insulating properties. It has been demonstrated that the isolation is stable up to 600°C.
Feasibility of quarantine procedures for bison (Bison bison) calves from Yellowstone National Park for conservation of brucellosis-free bison
Authors: Ryan Clarke P. , Frey Rebecca K. , Rhyan Jack C. , McCollum Matt P. , Nol Pauline , Aune Keith 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the feasibility of qualifying individuals or groups of Yellowstone National Park bison as free from brucellosis.
Design—Cohort study.
Sample—Serum, blood, and various samples from live bison and tissues taken at necropsy from 214 bison over 7 years.
Procedures—Blood was collected from bison every 30 to 45 days for serologic tests and microbiological culture of blood for Brucella abortus. Seropositive bison were euthanized until all remaining bison had 2 consecutive negative test results. Half the seronegative bison were randomly euthanized, and tissues were collected for bacteriologic culture. The remaining seronegative bison were bred, and blood was tested at least twice per year. Cow-calf pairs were sampled immediately after calving and 6 months after calving for evidence of B abortus.
Results—Post-enrollment serial testing for B abortus antibodies revealed no bison that seroconverted after 205 days (first cohort) and 180 days (second cohort). During initial serial testing, 85% of bison seroconverted within 120 days after removal from the infected population. Brucella abortus was not cultured from any euthanized seronegative bison (0/88). After parturition, no cows or calves had a positive test result for B abortus antibodies, nor was B abortus cultured from any samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested it is feasible to qualify brucellosis-free bison from an infected herd following quarantine procedures as published in the USDA APHIS brucellosis eradication uniform methods and rules. Latent infection was not detected in this sample of bison when applying the USDA APHIS quarantine protocol.
Use of statewide emergency department surveillance data to assess incidence of animal bite injuries among humans in North Carolina
Authors: Rhea Sarah K. , Weber David J. , Poole Charles , Waller Anna E. , Ising Amy I. , Williams Carl 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine incidence of animal bite injuries among humans in North Carolina by use of statewide emergency department visit data; to evaluate incidence rates on the basis of age, sex, urbanicity, biting species, and month for selected species; and to characterize bite-related emergency department visits.
Design—Retrospective cohort and cross-sectional study.
Sample—Records of 38,971 incident animal bite–related emergency department visits in North Carolina from 2008 to 2010.
Procedures—Emergency department visits were selected for inclusion by means of external-cause-of-injury codes assigned with an international coding system and keyword searches of chief complaint and triage notes. Rates were calculated with denominators obtained from census data. Cross-sectional analysis of incident emergency department visits was performed.
Results—By the age of 10, a child in North Carolina had a 1 in 50 risk of dog bite injury requiring an emergency department visit. Incidence rates for dog bites were highest for children ≤ 14 years of age, whereas the incidence rate for cat bites and scratches was highest among individuals > 79 years of age. Lifetime risk of cat bite or scratch injury requiring an emergency department visit was 1 in 60 for the population studied. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis was administered during 1,664 of 38,971 (4.3%) incident visits.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Emergency department visit surveillance data were used to monitor species-specific bite incidence statewide and in various subpopulations. Emergency department surveillance data may be particularly useful to public health veterinarians. Results may inform and renew interest in targeted animal bite prevention efforts.
Proteomics of heavy metal toxicity in plants
Authors: Cvjetko Petra , Zovko Mira , Balen Biljana 
Published: February 2014

Summary Plants endure a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses, all of which cause major limitations to production. Among abiotic stressors, heavy metal contamination represents a global environmental problem endangering humans, animals, and plants. Exposure to heavy metals has been documented to induce changes in the expression of plant proteins. Proteins are macromolecules directly responsible for most biological processes in a living cell, while protein function is directly influenced by posttranslational modifications, which cannot be identified through genome studies. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct proteomic studies, which enable the elucidation of the presence and role of proteins under specific environmental conditions. This review attempts to present current knowledge on proteomic techniques developed with an aim to detect the response of plant to heavy metal stress. Significant contributions to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of plant acclimation to metal stress are also discussed.
Photocatalytic air-cleaning using TiO2 nanoparticles in porous silica substrate
Authors: Šuligoj Andraž , Štangar Urška , Tušar Nataša 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFor air-cleaning, TiO2 photocatalysis represents one of the very efficient advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that can decompose chemically and microbiologically stable volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the photocatalytic activity of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders can be significantly suppressed due to TiO2’s poor adsorption characteristics for organic compounds and its relatively low surface area. The present study sought to solve this problem by immobilising nanocrystalline TiO2 in the porous silicate substrate. Two titania sources were used in an aqueous solution form: a suspension from a TiO2 producer in Slovenia, Cinkarna Celje (CC-40) and a TiO2 sol, prepared by a low-temperature synthesis developed at the University of Nova Gorica (TiO2-UNG). Two different types of mesoporous silica were used: SBA-15 with an ordered hexagonal pore arrangement and KIL-2 with disordered inter-particle mesoporosity. The structural characteristics, adsorption properties and photocatalytic activity of catalysts deposited on aluminium plates as thin films were investigated. CC-40 exhibited higher adsorption and photocatalytic activity than TiO2-UNG due to the greater quantity of Ti-OH groups on its surface. The addition of mesoporous silica led to higher adsorption and catalytic activity for both TiO2 sources. SBA-15 was more efficient than KIL-2.
The Lower Saxony Bank of Health
Authors: Plischke M. , Haarbrandt B. , Rochon M. , Schwartze J. , Tute E. , Bartkiewicz T. , Kleinschmidt T. , Seidel C. , Schüttig H. , Haux R. , Wagner M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of a Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on Health Record Banking.Background: Poor communication of health care information between health care providers (HCP) is still a major problem. One recent approach is the concept of Health Record Banking.Objectives: With this report we want to introduce the Lower Saxony Bank of Health (LSBH) to the international community. The main objective of this paper is to report and explain: 1) why this organization has been founded, 2) which basic principles have been set, 3) which services will be provided, 4) which type of organization has been chosen, and 5) which architectural framework has been selected.Methods: To report and discuss how we plan to achieve the intended objectives.Results: The LSBH was founded as an entrepreneurial company, regarding itself as a neutral third-party information broker. The bank does not store medical documents on its central servers but offers a document registry with links to documents stored at participating health care providers. Subject to valid patient consent, the LSBH grants access to these documents to authorized health care providers. To implement our services, we chose the established technical frameworks of the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) initiative using cross-enterprise document sharing (XDS).Conclusions: Different approaches to establish health information exchange (HIE) are in early stages and some have failed in the past. Health Record Banking can address major challenges described in the literature about HIE. The future will show if our provider-sponsored business model is sustainable. After reaching a stable network, we intend to add additional HCPs, e.g., care homes or ambulance services, to the network.
Combining Corticosteroids and Acyclovir in the Management of Varicella Pneumonia: A Prospective Study
Authors: Anwar Shaikh Khurshid , Masoodi Ibrahim , Alfaif Abdulaziz , Hussain Shabnum , Sirwal Irshad A 
Published: February 2014

Background Studies found in the literature which describe the treatment of varicella pneumonia with a combination of acyclovir and corticosteroids tend to be retrospective in nature and limited with regard to the data supplied. Methods This prospective study was performed at King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. The study covered adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of varicella pneumonia over a period of 10 years (January 2003 to December 2012). All patients were treated uniformly according to the predefined protocol with acyclovir and corticosteroids. The clinical characteristics, laboratory investigations, hospital course, any complications and the treatment outcomes were studied. Results A total of 32 patients (25 males, mean age 43.5 ±14.5 years) were enrolled into this study; 3 patients (2 patients aged <12 years, 1 patient with advanced cardiac failure) were excluded. Of these 32 patients, 18 (58%) were current smokers, 16 patients (50%) were admitted to the intensive care unit and of these, 14 (87.5%) required mechanical ventilation. The mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 5.59 ±5.37 days. All patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir, corticosteroids and antibiotics were added when indicated. 31 patients improved and were discharged home. There was one death (a 32 year-old female with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus). Conclusions Patients with varicella pneumonia are at high risk of respiratory failure. Early implementation of supportive therapy seems to positively influence the recovery rate and outcome. Our study supports treatment using a combination of acyclovir and corticosteroids.