bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Preharvest Application of Chitosan and Tea Tree Essential Oil on Postharvest Evolution of Lettuce Native Microflora and Exogenous Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Goñi M.G. , Tomadoni B. , Roura S.I. , Moreira M.R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe main objective was to assess the effectiveness of preharvest application of chitosan (CH) and tea tree essential oil (TT) in butterhead lettuce in controlling native microflora growth and counteract exogenous Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination. TT and CH were applied to lettuce plants at 14, 10, 7, 3 and 0 days before harvest. CH showed significant reductions at harvest on mesophilic (−2.0 log cfu/g), psychrotrophic (−1.0 log cfu/g) and yeast and molds (−1.8 log cfu/g), compared with control samples. CH also reduced total coliform bacteria (−2.0 log cfu/g) compared with inoculated plants. Furthermore, CH exerted a bacteriostatic effect on E. coli. TT was only able to reduce total coliforms compared with inoculated plants. Preharvest application of CH exerted an inhibitory effect on lettuce native microflora and a bacteriostatic effect on exogenous E. coli during postharvest storage. Therefore, CH appears to be a promising method for enhancing the safety of lettuce, exposed to an inadequate postharvest handling.Practical ApplicationsConsumers demand products with less use of chemicals; therefore, there has been an increasing research for natural antimicrobials. Chitosan (CH) and essential oils, such as tea tree (TT), have become promising alternatives to chemical decontamination because of its natural character, antimicrobial activity and elicitation of defense responses in plant tissue. The objectives of this work were to examine the residual effectiveness of CH and TT solutions, applied during preharvest, to control E. coli O157:H7 inoculated in lettuce heads, simulating an inadequate manipulation of the vegetable at postharvest. CH solution was a good alternative for controlling not only the native microflora in lettuce during storage, but also reducing the survival of E. coli inoculated in the vegetable at harvest. Preharvest application of CH in the late stages of lettuce head development could easily be introduce in the good agricultural practice routine, without consequences on the environment because CH is a generally recognized as safe substance.
Balantidium coli and other gastrointestinal parasites in captives non‐human primates of the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Barbosa Alynne , Pissinatti Alcides , Dib Laís Verdan , de Siqueira Mayara Perlingeiro , Cardozo Matheus Lessa , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro , de Barros Oliveira Anderson , da Silva Fábio Alves , Uchôa Claudia M. Antunes , Bastos Otilio Machado Pereira , Amendoeira Maria Regina Reis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundParasites are agents of diarrhea in captive non‐human primates (NHP). To broaden information about those etiological agents in captive animals in Brazil, gastrointestinal parasites in captive NHP were researched in nurturing Centers of Rio de Janeiro State.MethodsFecal samples were collected from primates, of which 960 came from the Research Center (Cecal/Fiocruz) and 155 from the Primate Center (CPRJ/Inea). The study involved species of the New World (NW) primates and of the Old World (OW).ResultsThe estimated prevalence was 56.7%, of which 91.3% presented protozoans and 7.4% presented helminths. Statistical difference between the nurturing centers occurred in the overall value of parasitosis and in the isolated frequency of Balantidium coli and Entamoeba sp., especially in the samples of OW primates living in Cecal.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated the need for implements of sanitation programs in the sites for captive primates nurturing.
Risk Factors for Current Smoking Among American and South Korean Adolescents, 2005–2011
Authors: Chung Sung Suk , Joung Kyoung Hwa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposePopulation data concerning smoking rates of adolescents and adults in the United States and Korea (South Korea) has highlighted the need for attention to this age group. This study compared the risk factors related to smoking and examined the gender differences with other risk factors in smoking among American and Korean adolescents between 2005 and 2011.Organizing Construct and MethodsParticipants were students in grades 9–11 selected from nationally representative surveys conducted in 2005 and 2011.FindingsIn 2011, similar risk factors for current smoking were identified in American and Korean adolescents. These included male gender, school grade, depression, experience of alcohol drinking, current use of alcohol, use of glue or other inhalants, and experience of sexual intercourse. Among Korean adolescents, weight perception and weight control were unique risk factors for current smoking. Interactions with gender and other risk factors in each nation were revealed.ConclusionsThese risk factors, their change from earlier years, and gender differences should be recognized in the screening of vulnerable individuals for smoking and formulating effective intervention programs.Clinical RelevanceThese results will provide information for the design and implementation of cessation programs for adolescents in these countries.
A quality improvement intervention to address provider behaviour as it relates to utilisation of CA‐MRSA guidelines
Authors: Velez Roseann P , Becker Kathleen Lent , Davidson Patricia , Sloand Elizabeth 
Published: September 2014

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of a provider focused quality improvement educational intervention on appropriate prescribing for community associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.BackgroundPatient, provider and health system factors contribute to appropriate antibiotic prescription. Achieving appropriate prescribing is critical in decreasing the burden of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of appropriate prescribing for community associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection is the first step in shifting prescriber behaviour to evidence‐based recommendations.DesignQuality Improvement Project.MethodFollowing a review of best practice guidelines and application of the Stetler Research Utilization model, a brief educational intervention was delivered using voice over PowerPoint. Items in the educational intervention included indications for screening, particularly focusing on the role of watch and wait after culturing for simple abscesses. The intervention was delivered in a for‐profit, nonacademic, urgent care setting, and assessed prescribing providers’ knowledge and practice.ResultsOut of 48 medical doctor, physician assistant and nurse practitioner providers, 18 (37·5%) participated; 12 of the 18 (67%) participants showed an increase in knowledge. Forty three per cent of prescribers’ charts demonstrated improved practice through use of the guidelines. Out of 18 prescribers, 44% sent a total of 21 cultures for abscesses. There was no difference in practice behaviours between professional groups.ConclusionsIn spite of the increase in knowledge scores, this improvement in knowledge did not translate in dramatic change in practice, although trends in a positive direction were noted.Relevance to clinical practiceThis quality improvement project underscores the complexity of changing prescriber behaviour and the need for ongoing interventions.
High nuclear SOX2 expression is associated with radiotherapy response in small (T1/T2) oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Attramadal Cecilie G. , Halstensen Trond S. , Dhakal Hari P. , Ulekleiv Camilla H. , Boysen Morten E. , Nesland Jahn M. , Bryne Magne 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveExpression of the stem cell transcription factor SOX2 is often used to imply stemness and poor prognosis in cancer. However, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully elucidated.Material and methodsTumour tissues from 62 patients with primary, node negative and non‐metastatic OSCCs were used to evaluate SOX2 expression by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated to clinicopathology, treatment and disease recurrences.ResultsThe majority of the OSCCs (88%) expressed SOX2. Patients with higher nuclear SOX2 staining intensity in the invasive front compared to the adjacent normal epithelium, had a remarkable longer disease‐free period if they received adjuvant post‐operative radiotherapy (P = 0.001). This was in particular evident for highly differentiated OSCCs, as none of the high SOX2‐expressing tumours reoccurred in contrast to all low SOX2‐expressing OSCCs.ConclusionsHigh nuclear SOX2 expression in the invasive front was associated with dramatic longer disease‐free period than low SOX2‐expressing carcinomas after post‐operative radiotherapy in small OSCCs. The result suggested that high nuclear SOX2 expression at the invasive front may predict radiosensitivity.
Antifungal Activity of Apple Cider Vinegar on Candida Species Involved in Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Mota Ana Carolina Loureiro Gama , de Castro Ricardo Dias , de Araújo Oliveira Julyana , de Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of apple cider vinegar on Candida spp. involved in denture stomatitis.Material and MethodsThe microdilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of apple cider vinegar containing 4% maleic acid, and nystatin (control). Further tests of microbial kinetics and inhibition of adherence to acrylic resin were performed testing different concentrations (MIC, MICx2, MICx4) of the products at time intervals of 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. A roughness meter was used to measure the changes in surface roughness; color change of the acrylic resin specimens exposed to the test products in different concentrations and time intervals were also evaluated.ResultsApple cider vinegar (4%) showed MIC of 2500 μg/ml and MFC of 2500, 5000, and 10,000 μg/ml depending on the strain tested. Nystatin showed MIC of 3.125 μg/ml and strain‐dependent MFC values ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 μg/ml. The microbial kinetic assay showed a statistical difference between apple cider vinegar and nystatin (p < 0.0001). After 30 minutes of exposure, apple cider vinegar showed fungicidal effect at MICx4, whereas nystatin maintained its fungistatic effect. Apple cider vinegar showed greater inhibition of adherence (p < 0.001) compared to control. Apple cider vinegar did not significantly alter the surface roughness of the acrylic resin specimens compared to nystatin (p > 0.05), and both had no influence on their color.ConclusionApple cider vinegar showed antifungal properties against Candida spp., thus representing a possible therapeutic alternative for patients with denture stomatitis.
Impact of Loss of Removable Dentures on Oral Health after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Aida Jun , Takeuchi Kenji , Ito Kanade , Koyama Shihoko , Kakizaki Masako , Sato Mari , Osaka Ken , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 destroyed many communities, and as a result many older victims lost their removable dentures. No previous studies have documented the prevalence of denture loss after a natural disaster or examined its negative impact. Therefore, investigation of the consequences of such a disaster on oral health is of major importance from a public health viewpoint.Materials and MethodsThree to five months after the disaster, questionnaire surveys were conducted in two coastal towns, Ogatu and Oshika, located in the area of Ishinomaki city, Miyagi prefecture. Among the survey participants, 715 individuals had used one or more removable dentures before the disaster, and these comprised the population analyzed. The effect of denture loss on oral health‐related quality life (OHRQoL) was examined by a modified Poisson regression approach with adjustment for sex, age, subjective household economic status, dental caries, tooth mobility, psychological distress (K6), access to a dental clinic, physical activity, and town of residence.ResultsThere were 123 (17.2%) participants who had lost their dentures. In comparison with participants who had not lost their dentures, those lacking dentures showed a significantly higher relative risk for eating difficulties (RR = 2.65, 95%CI = 1.90–3.69), speech problems (RR = 4.37, 95%CI = 2.46–7.76), embarrassment upon smiling, laughing, or showing their teeth (RR = 5.32, 95%CI = 2.34–12.1), emotional distress (RR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.41–4.03), and problems related to social interaction (RR = 6.97, 95%CI = 1.75–27.7).ConclusionsDenture loss appeared to impair eating and speaking ability, thus discouraging communication with others. Public health intervention after major natural disasters should include dental care.
Implant‐Supported Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient with Localized Severe Attrition: A Clinical Report
Authors: Cekic‐Nagas Isil , Ergun Gulfem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPatients usually adapt to their existing occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). It is essential to resolve each of the problems associated with decreased vertical dimension as a result of attrition. This report describes the multidisciplinary dental treatment of a 40‐year‐old male patient who had severe tooth wear, resulting in reduced vertical dimension. After clinical evaluations, extraoral examination showed a reduction of the lower facial height, drooping, and overclosed commissures. Ten dental implants were placed into the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes. During the osseointegration period, an interim removable partial denture was made at increased OVD to use in the first stage of rehabilitation. It was used for 3 months as a guide for preparing the definitive restorations. The patient's adaptation to the increased OVD was evaluated. During this period, he was asymptomatic. Following the evaluation period, the provisional fixed restoration was used for 3 months. Then, full‐mouth definitive prostheses supported by a combination of implants and teeth were fabricated to upper and lower jaws. Osseointegration of the implants, peri‐implant mucosa health, prosthesis function, and esthetics were assessed after 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months. After 3 years of follow‐up, no functional or esthetic difficulties with the implants and restorations were noted.
Esthetic Assessment of the Effect of Gingival Exposure in the Smile of Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Maxillary Incisor Agenesis
Authors: Pinho Teresa , Bellot‐Arcís Carlos , Montiel‐Company José María , Neves Manuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the dental esthetic perception of the smile of patients with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA); the perceptions were examined pre‐ and post‐treatment. Esthetic determinations were made with regard to the gingival exposure in the patients’ smile by orthodontists, general dentists, and laypersons.Materials and MethodsThree hundred eighty one people (80 orthodontists, 181 general dentists, 120 laypersons) rated the attractiveness of the smile in four cases before and after treatment, comprising two cases with unilateral MLIA and contralateral microdontia and two with bilateral MLIA. For each case, the buccal photograph was adjusted using a computer to apply standard lips to create high, medium, and low smiles. A numeric scale was used to measure the esthetic rating perceived by the judges. The resulting arithmetic means were compared using an ANOVA test, a linear trend, and a Student's t‐test, applying a significance level of p < 0.05. The predictive capability of the variables, unilateral, or bilateral MLIA, symmetry of the treatment, gingival exposure of the smile, group, and gender were assessed using a multivariable linear regression model.ResultsIn the pre‐ and post‐treatment cases, medium smile photographs received higher scores than the same cases with high or low smiles, with significant differences between them. In all cases, orthodontists were the least‐tolerant evaluation group (assigning lowest scores), followed by general dentists. In a predictive linear regression model, bilateral MLIA was the more predictive variable in pretreatment cases. The gingival exposure of the smile was a predictive variable in post‐treatment cases only.ConclusionThe medium‐height smile was considered to be more attractive. In all cases, orthodontists gave the lowest scores, followed by general dentists. Laypersons and male evaluators gave the highest scores. Symmetrical treatments scored higher than asymmetrical treatments. The gingival exposure had a significant influence on the esthetic perception of smiles in post‐treatment cases.
Clinical Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Maxillary Anterior Single All‐Ceramic Crowns and 2‐year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Akın Aslı , Toksavul Suna , Toman Muhittin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this randomized‐controlled clinical trial were to compare marginal and internal adaptation of all‐ceramic crowns fabricated with CAD/CAM and heat‐pressed (HP) techniques before luting and to evaluate the clinical outcomes at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months after luting.Materials and MethodsFifteen CAD/CAM (CC) and 15 HP all‐ceramic crowns were placed in 15 patients. A silicone replica was obtained to measure marginal and internal adaptation of each all‐ceramic crown before luting, and they were sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally. Marginal and internal adaptations were measured using computerized light microscope at 40× magnification. Clinical evaluations took place at baseline (2 days after luting) and at 6, 12, and 24 months after luting. Replica scores were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney U and Student's t‐test (α = 0.05). Survival rate of crowns was determined using Kaplan‐Meier statistical analysis.ResultsThe median marginal gap for the CC group was 132.2 μm and was 130.2 μm for the HP group. The mean internal adaptation for the CC group was 220.3 ± 51.3 μm and 210.5 ± 31 μm for the HP group. There were no statistically significant differences with respect to marginal opening (Mann‐Whitney U test; p = 0.95) and internal adaptation (Student's t‐test; p = 0.535) between the 2 groups. Based on modified Ryge criteria, 100% of the crowns were rated satisfactory during the 2‐year period.ConclusionIn this in vivo study, CAD/CAM and HP all‐ceramic crowns exhibited similar marginal and internal adaptations. A 100% success rate was recorded for the 15 CAD/CAM and for the 15 HP all‐ceramic crowns during the 2‐year period.
Intraoral Digital Impression Technique: A Review
Authors: Ting‐shu Su , Jian Sun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWith the techniques of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) being applied in the field of prosthodontics, a concept of intraoral digital impressions was put forward in the early 1980s. It has drawn comprehensive attention from dentists and has been used for dental prosthesis fabrication in a number of cases. This new digital impression technique is expected to bring about absolute digitization to the mode of prosthodontics. A few published articles have indicated that dental prostheses fabricated from intraoral digital impressions have exhibited remarkable advantages over those from conventional impressions in several respects. The present review discusses intraoral digital impression techniques in terms of the following aspects: (1) categories and principles of intraoral digital impression devices currently available; (2) operating characteristics of the devices; and (3) comparison of the manipulation, accuracy, and repeatability between intraoral digital impression and conventional impression.
A Collapsible Partial Denture for a Patient with Limited Mouth Opening Induced by Scleroderma: A Clinical Report
Authors: Gözde Türk Ayşe , Ulusoy Mübin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA limited opening of the mouth is defined as microstomia. Microstomia is caused by burns, postoperative head and neck trauma, radiotherapy, or scleroderma. The prosthetic treatment of microstomia presents particular challenges, and patients often complain of an inability to insert or remove the prosthesis. The cause and severity of microstomia can influence the approach to treatment. Different treatment methods have been suggested, including the fabrication of two‐piece partial dentures. This clinical report describes the construction of a sectional impression tray and a collapsed partial denture using a hinge attachment for a patient with microstomia.
The Effect of Offset Implant Configuration on Bone Stress Distribution: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Souza Batista Victor Eduardo , Junior Joel Ferreira Santiago , de Faria Almeida Daniel Augusto , de Toledo Piza Lopes Leonardo Ferreira , Verri Fellippo Ramos , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to compare straight‐line and offset implant configurations for three‐element implant‐retained prostheses.Materials and MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted a review on PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies published in English, from January 1, 1995 to January 17, 2014. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. All relevant titles were selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. From this pool of titles, abstracts and full texts were reviewed.ResultsA total of 6080 titles were identified with the initial search. Twenty‐one were selected based on title and abstract. Of these, after discussion and complete reading, 12 studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all of which were in vitro studies.ConclusionsA systematic review of the current literature showed only in vitro evidence that there is no consensus on the advantage of using an offset configuration implant compared to those in straight‐line configuration, even though some studies present a slight improvement of bone stress distribution when an offset implant is under oblique loading (PICO).
THE ROLE OF ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISM AGENTS IN DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Wombwell Eric , Naglich Andrew 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundDiabetic kidney disease is a common consequence of the development of diabetes. In the United Kingdom 18–30% of chronic kidney disease cases and 44% of end‐stage renal disease cases in the United States have been attributed to complications of diabetic kidney disease. Angiotensin blockade using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers is the standard for slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Evidence suggests that aldosterone antagonism added to standard therapy may be beneficial.Aim of ReviewThis paper aims to explore the pathophysiological contribution of aldosterone in diabetic kidney disease and review available literature for aldosterone antagonism through mineralocorticoid receptor blockade.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted. Results were analysed and summarised.ResultsNine trials evaluating a total of 535 patients with diabetic kidney disease were identified that evaluated the use of aldosterone antagonists for reducing the signs of diabetic kidney disease. All trials demonstrated a marked decrease in urinary protein excretion when compared to, or added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade. The most commonly reported side effect in all of the trials was hyperkalaemia, which occurred in 6.1% of all patients evaluated. Aldosterone antagonists were generally well tolerated in the evaluated patient populations.ConclusionAldosterone antagonism may represent a safe and effective complimentary therapy to the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, or angiotensin receptor blockade, for slowing the progression of diabetic kidney disease.