bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical foundations for a global perspective on the emergence of a western European regime for the discovery, development, and diffusion of useful and reliable knowledge
Authors: O'Brien Patrick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAt a ‘conjuncture’ in pre-modern global history, labelled by previous generations of historians as the ‘Scientific Revolution’, the societies and states of western Europe established and promoted a regime of interconnected institutions for the accumulation of useful and reliable knowledge. This placed their economies on trajectories that led to divergent prospects for long-term technological change and material progress. Although the accumulation of such knowledge takes place over millennia of time, and in contexts that are global, critical interludes or conjunctures in a ‘dialogue of civilizations’ have remained geographically localized, and indigenous in nature. Determining the locations, origins, and forms of this particular conjuncture is often dismissed as an exercise in Eurocentric history. Modern scholarship has also preferred to emphasize the roles played by craftsmen in its progress and diffusion – ignoring metaphysical and religious foundations of knowledge about the natural world. My survey aims to restore traditional perceptions that the West passed through a transformation in its hegemonic beliefs about prospects for the comprehension and manipulation of that world in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It will suggest that the Scientific Revolution's remote antecedents might be traced back to Europe's particular transition from polytheism to monotheism. Thirdly, it summarizes literature that analyses how centuries of tension between Christian theology and natural philosophy led, during the Renaissance, to a displacement of scholastic and beatified Aristotelian conceptions and obstacles to understandings of the natural world. Finally, the survey will elaborate on how new knowledge flowing into Europe from voyages overseas, and medieval advances in technology, together with scepticism arising from religious warfare, stimulated a widespread search for more useful and reliable forms of knowledge throughout the Catholic and Protestant West.
Shifting trajectories of diamond processing: from India to Europe and back, from the fifteenth century to the twentieth
Authors: Hofmeester Karin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDiamonds have a long global history in which India plays a pivotal though little-known role. Indeed, it was in India that diamonds were first mined, finished, and worn. Diamonds and their finishing techniques reached Europe in the fifteenth century. Subsequently, part of the industry moved from India to Europe, where manufacturing shifted from one city to another, before returning to India in the twentieth century. These shifts, I argue, are determined by changes in one or more segments of the global commodity chain and they reveal the global interconnections between mining, trading, polishing, and consuming. Furthermore, these shifting centres are themselves a sign of the globalized character of diamond production, exchange, and consumption.
Microregionalism and intercolonial relations: the case of the Danish West Indies, 1730–1830
Authors: Mulich Jeppe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a new framework of analysis for studying inter-imperial spaces in global history. The analytical construct developed here – that of the inter-imperial microregion – highlights the density of networks and interactions found in certain areas with multiple competing polities. It provides a relational approach to the study of transnational and inter-polity exchanges that challenges traditional imperial narratives and suggests a more direct engagement between global, regional, and local histories. After discussing the theoretical and historiographical implications of this model, the article goes on to look at empirical evidence from the case of the Danish West Indies. It analyses the role that these Caribbean colonies played within the inter-imperial microregion of the Leeward Islands during the century from 1730 to 1830. The case study is structured around three central elements of colonial life – geography, security, and commerce – showing how these created the conditions for a high level of interdependence between colonies of multiple empires in the region.
A compact uniplanar EBG structure and its application in band-notched UWB filter
Authors: Kurra Lalithendra , Abegaonkar Mahesh P , Basu Ananjan , Koul Shiban K 
Published: February 2013

In this paper, a new way of obtaining a band rejection in a ultra wideband (UWB) filter using a uniplanar Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is reported. The EBG structure has a bandgap centered at 6.69 GHz which is almost 38% lower compared with the conventional uniplanar EBG of same dimensions. A one-dimensional EBG structure coupled with a microstrip line provides a narrow bandgap, which is used in obtaining a notch in the UWB filter. Single notch UWB filters with variations in the placement of EBG are fabricated producing a notch centered at 5.19 GHz (wireless local area network (WLAN)). A dual notch (5.16 and 8.24 GHz (satellite communication)) UWB filter is also fabricated with two different unit cell EBGs'. Switchable and tunable notch band UWB filters are proposed.
Determination of thigh volume in youth with anthropometry and DXA: Agreement between estimates
Authors: Coelho‐e‐Silva Manuel J. , Malina Robert M. , Simões Filipe , Valente‐dos‐Santos João , Martins Raul A. , Vaz Ronque Enio R. , Petroski Edio L. , Minderico Claudia , Silva Analiza M. , Baptista Fátima , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study examined the agreement between estimates of thigh volume (TV) with anthropometry and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in healthy school children. Participants (n=168, 83 boys and 85 girls) were school children 10.0–13.9 years of age. In addition to body mass, height and sitting height, anthropometric dimensions included those needed to estimate TV using the equation of Jones & Pearson. Total TV was also estimated with DXA. Agreement between protocols was examined using linear least products regression (Deming regressions). Stepwise regression of log‐transformed variables identified variables that best predicted TV estimated by DXA. The regression models were then internally validated using the predicted residual sum of squares method. Correlation between estimates of TV was 0.846 (95%CI: 0.796–0.884, Sy·x=0.152L). It was possible to obtain an anthropometry‐based model to improve the prediction of TVs in youth. The total volume by DXA was best predicted by adding body mass and sum of skinfolds to volume estimated with the equation of Jones & Pearson (R=0.972; 95%CI: 0.962–0.979; R 2=0.945).
Accounting for non-genetic factors by low-rank representation and sparse regression for eQTL mapping
Authors: Yang Can , Wang Lin , Zhang Shuqin , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMotivation: Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies investigate how gene expression levels are affected by DNA variants. A major challenge in inferring eQTL is that a number of factors, such as unobserved covariates, experimental artifacts and unknown environmental perturbations, may confound the observed expression levels. This may both mask real associations and lead to spurious association findings.Results: In this article, we introduce a LOw-Rank representation to account for confounding factors and make use of Sparse regression for eQTL mapping (LORS). We integrate the low-rank representation and sparse regression into a unified framework, in which single-nucleotide polymorphisms and gene probes can be jointly analyzed. Given the two model parameters, our formulation is a convex optimization problem. We have developed an efficient algorithm to solve this problem and its convergence is guaranteed. We demonstrate its ability to account for non-genetic effects using simulation, and then apply it to two independent real datasets. Our results indicate that LORS is an effective tool to account for non-genetic effects. First, our detected associations show higher consistency between studies than recently proposed methods. Second, we have identified some new hotspots that can not be identified without accounting for non-genetic effects.Availability: The software is available at: http://bioinformatics.med.yale.edu/software.aspx.Contact: hongyu.zhao@yale.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Synchrony in the abundance trend of spear squid Loligo bleekeri in the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean with special reference to the latitudinal differences in response to the climate regime shift
Authors: Tian Yongjun , Nashida Kazuya , Sakaji Hideo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Tian, Y., Nashida, K., and Sakaji, H. 2013. Synchrony in the abundance trend of spear squid Loligo bleekeri in the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean with special reference to the latitudinal differences in response to the climate regime shift. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 968–979. Spear squid Loligo bleekeri is widely distributed in the Japanese coastal waters. The fisheries depend largely on four stocks: the southern and northern stocks both in the Japan Sea and the coastal regions of the Pacific. The catch per unit effort (cpue) for the northern stock in the Japan Sea decreased substantially during the 1980s but increased during the 1990s, while the abundance index for the southern stock showed the opposite trend. The cpue for the southern and northern stocks in the Pacific coast showed a similar pattern to that in the Japan Sea. The synchrony in the abundance trends between the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean, and latitudinal differences between the northern and southern stocks indicate the impact of the climate regime shift. Generalized additive model analysis identified significant effects of environmental factors. Increased water temperature had a positive effect on the northern stock but a negative effect on the southern stock in the Japan Sea and the Pacific, whereas El Niño–southern oscillation events and the Asian monsoon had additional significant effects on the Pacific stocks. These results suggest that the abundance trends of spear squid were largely forced by environmental factors with latitudinal differences in the response to the climate regime shift.
Density‐ and resource‐dependent movement characteristics in a rotifer
Authors: Kuefler Daniel , Avgar Tal , Fryxell John M. 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Theory predicts that consumers can increase their energy intake by spending more time within resource‐rich areas and/or by avoiding areas where local competitor densities are high. A consumer whose movements are described by a simple random walk can achieve these objectives by adjusting its turn frequency and/or speed.

We recorded movements, as series of steps, by 180 individual rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus) in glass capillary tubes to test the influence of resource density, competitor density and their statistical interaction on movement parameters. Four treatments contrasted opposing levels of algae (resource) and conspecific density in a 2 × 2 factorial design.

Our results indicate that density‐ and resource‐dependent behaviours act through different mechanisms to shape patterns of rotifer movement. Turn frequency increased up to twofold in resource‐rich treatments, depending on the presence or absence of competitors. In contrast, swimming speed was 50% greater in the presence of competitors under all treatments, but was only slightly depressed by the presence of resources alone.

We show how these two different movement mechanisms may be integrated into predictions of consumer population spread as resource and competitor densities vary. We discuss implications of the contrasting and complementary nature of these different movement mechanisms and their possible adaptations to different environmental stimuli.
Who's hot and who's not: ocean warming alters species dominance through competitive displacement
Authors: Nagelkerken Ivan , Simpson Stephen D. 
Published: February 2013

A male ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo, a warm‐water fish, which is the ‘winner’ species dominating the best quality habitat at the expense of the ‘loser’ species, a cool‐water wrasse Coris julis, under conditions of warming. Photo by Agostino Tomasello.imageA male ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo, a warm‐water fish, which is the ‘winner’ species dominating the best quality habitat at the expense of the ‘loser’ species, a cool‐water wrasse Coris julis, under conditions of warming. Photo by Agostino Tomasello.

Milazzo, M., Mirto, S., Domenici, P. & Gristina, M. (2013) . Journal of Animal Ecology, 82, 468–477.
Species interactions have received little attention in climate‐change studies, yet these interactions are fundamental to the functioning of ecosystems. Milazzo et al. () combined field surveys and controlled experiments to show how increasing abundance of a range‐extending species and ocean warming interactively affect the habitat occupancy of two co‐occurring species with similar habitat preferences. The authors found that in warmer conditions the ‘cool‐water’ species is competitively displaced from preferred algal habitat to sub‐optimal seagrass habitat, but only at higher densities of the warm‐water species. Their results provide an important first step for unravelling how simple species interactions can create novel communities.
Stroke‐specific executive function assessment: A literature review of performance‐based tools
Authors: Poulin Valérie , Korner‐Bitensky Nicol , Dawson Deirdre R. 
Published: February 2013

Background/aimExecutive function should be an integral component of post‐stroke assessment. However, a Canada‐wide survey of occupational therapists on stroke rehabilitation practices found a rare use of executive function assessments. Performance‐based executive function assessments that closely reflect real‐world activities are useful in identifying individuals who will face difficulties when returning to home and community activities. To increase clinicians' awareness of these tools, a literature review was conducted to identify performance‐based measures of executive function and their stroke‐specific psychometric properties.MethodsThe review identified 17 performance‐based tools and 41 studies that reported their psychometric properties specific to stroke. Each tool was critically appraised according to the executive function components assessed, the level of functioning assessed (i.e. impairment, activity or participation), the environment within which the assessment is conducted and the tool's psychometric properties and clinical utility. Standard criteria were used to evaluate the tools' psychometric properties. The findings were compiled in aStroke‐SpecificExecutiveFunctionToolkit.ResultsThe assessments that demonstrated the strongest evidence of reliability and validity were theExecutiveFunctionPerformanceTest, theMultipleErrandsTest and theAssessment ofMotor andProcessSkills. Only the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills has been adequately evaluated for its ability to detect change. In terms of clinical utility, the Kettle Test has the shortest administration time (i.e. less than 20 minutes) and requires limited equipment.Conclusions and significance of the studyTheStroke‐SpecificExecutiveFunctionToolkit provides clinicians with useful information that should facilitate identification of appropriate executive function tools for use across the continuum of stroke care.
Non‐infectious risk factors for different types of cerebral palsy in term‐born babies: a population‐based, case–control study
Authors: Ahlin K , Himmelmann K , Hagberg G , Kacerovsky M , Cobo T , Wennerholm U‐B , Jacobsson B 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo identify non‐infectious antenatal and perinatal risk factors for cerebral palsy (CP) and its subtypes in children born at term.DesignA population‐based, case–control study.SettingThe western healthcare region of Sweden.PopulationA population‐based series of children with CP born at term during 1983–94 (n = 309) was matched with a control group (n = 618).MethodsA total of 62 variables, maternal characteristics, and prepartal, intrapartal and postpartal variables were retrieved from obstetric records. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for spastic and dyskinetic CP, and for the total CP group.Main outcome measuresCerebral palsy (CP) and subtypes.ResultsUnivariate analysis resulted in 26 significant risk factors for CP. Birthweight (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.74), not living with the baby's father (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.11–5.97), admittance to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (OR 4.43, 95% CI 3.03–6.47), maternal weight at 34 weeks of gestation (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03) and neonatal encephalopathy (OR 69.2, 95% CI 9.36–511.89) were found to be risk factors for CP in the total CP group in our multivariate analysis. Factors during the periods before, during and after delivery were all shown to increase the risk of spastic diplegia and tetraplegia, whereas mostly factors during the period before delivery increased the risk of spastic hemiplegia, and only factors during delivery increased the risk of dyskinetic CP. Admittance to an NICU was a risk factor for all CP subtypes.ConclusionsThe risk factor pattern differed by CP subtype. The presented risk factors may be useful indicators for identifying children at risk of developing CP, and helpful for targeting individuals for early intervention programmes.
Risk factors for recurrent preterm birth in multiparous Utah women: a historical cohort study
Authors: Simonsen SE , Lyon JL , Stanford JB , Porucznik CA , Esplin MS , Varner MW 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo describe risk factors for recurrent preterm birth (PTB) in the second and third birth.DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingUtah, USA.PopulationWomen who had their first three singleton live births in Utah between 1989 and 2007 and a preterm first or second birth were included.MethodsMaternally linked birth records were used. Multivariable‐adjusted risk ratios were calculated for recurrent PTB. Results were stratified by spontaneous and indicated PTB and by pattern of birth outcomes.Main outcome measuresRisk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk factors for recurrent PTB.ResultsAmong women with PTB in their first or second live birth, recurrent PTB occurred in 21% of second live births (n = 1011/4805) and 22% of third live births (n = 1872/8468). Risk factors for recurrence included short inter‐pregnancy interval, underweight prepregnancy body mass index, pre‐existing maternal medical conditions, history of PTB at 28–32 weeks of gestation (versus 33–36 weeks), the presence of a fetal anomaly, and young maternal age. Risk factors for spontaneous, but not indicated PTB included young maternal age and less than appropriate gestational weight gain. Risk factors also varied in women experiencing a first versus second recurrence in their third birth.ConclusionsRisk factors may vary by the clinical subtype of the most recent PTB and the pattern of term and preterm outcomes across births 1–3; some of the risk factors identified in this study may be modifiable through interventions targeted at women in the inter‐conception period.
Early emergency department representations
Authors: Robinson Kent , Lam Bonnie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to describe early ED representation rates and identify the causes for this commonly seen problem.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of all patients that represented within 72 h of discharge from a tertiary level ED in Sydney, Australia, over a 2 month period between 1 May 2010 and 30 June 2010. Presentations were categorised according to their diagnosis and cause for representation. Each representation was then classified as being avoidable or unavoidable.ResultsThere were 10 141 presentations to the ED during the study period, with 497 patients (4.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.5–5.3) representing within 72 h of discharge. Disease‐related causes of representation were seen in 55.1% (95% CI 50.7–59.5), with 39% (95% CI 34.8–43.4) of these caused by disease progression and 12.3% (95% CI 9.6–15.5) for scheduled review. Patient‐related causes were seen in 32.2% (95% CI 28.2–36.4) of representations with 20.9% (95% CI 17.6–24.7) of these for patients who did not wait or left against medical advice. Physician‐related causes were seen in 3.2% (95% CI 2.0–5.2) of representations. Furthermore, 23.7% (95% CI 20.2–27.7) of patients who represented to the ED required hospital admission. A total of 37.0% (95% CI 32.9–41.4) of representations were assessed as being preventable.ConclusionEarly ED representations are a common problem. The majority of preventable representations are patient related, and interventions to target these areas might be of benefit in reducing this problem.
Outcomes in older patients requiring comprehensive allied health care prior to discharge from the emergency department
Authors: Arendts Glenn , Fitzhardinge Sarah , Pronk Karren , Hutton Marani 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesThere is increasing focus on use of multidisciplinary services within the ED to facilitate discharge of older patients that might otherwise require hospitalisation. The risks associated with this are not well established. We aimed to determine whether older patients requiring allied health‐facilitated discharge from the ED were at increased risk of hospital readmission and death after discharge.MethodsA prospective comparative study with matched controls. Patients aged 65 years and over presenting to the ED underwent risk screening. Those with a positive screen formed the intervention group and received comprehensive allied health input from a care coordination team (CCT) prior to discharge. We prospectively enrolled 1098 patients to the intervention group and matched these 1:1 with controls deemed low risk on risk screening. The primary outcome measure was ED re‐attendance within 28 days. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year for other outcomes.ResultsAt 28 days, there was a 3% absolute difference in the re‐attendance rate to ED (17.9% cases, 14.8% controls, P = 0.05) and no mortality difference (1.4% cases, 1.3% controls, P = 0.85). At 1 year, cases had a higher incidence of unplanned hospitalisation (43.4% vs 29.5%, P < 0.001) but not death (10.7% vs 10.2%, P = 0.66).ConclusionsFacilitated discharge of selected older adults by a CCT is relatively safe in the short term. Such patients have an increased likelihood of hospitalisation in the year after discharge. The 1 year mortality rate even in a ‘low‐risk’ discharged population is 10%.