bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Locus, Multiallelic Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Linkage Mapping of FAE1 Gene in Yellow Mustard
Authors: Javidfar Farzad , Cheng Bifang 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWith our objective to develop inbred lines as synthetic components in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), we have isolated different erucic acid variants. The genetic basis of variation in erucic content was investigated using the four variants Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514 with high (approximately 50%), medium (approximately 24%), low (approximately 1.4%), and zero (<0.1%) erucic contents, respectively. The segregation of this trait in the BC1F1 and F2 populations of the two crosses Y514 × Y496 and Y514 × Y517 indicated that it was under monogenic control with partial dominance for the high content. To test the allelism of the genes for high, medium, and low erucic contents, crosses were made among Y517, Y496, and Y1130, respectively. The erucic content was also controlled by one gene and no transgressive segregant of zero erucic phenotype was observed in the resulting F2 populations. Therefore, it was concluded that the genes for high, medium, low, and zero erucic contents were different alleles of the same locus. Accordingly, we designated the erucic alleles in Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514, as “E1,” “E2,” “E3,” and “e,” respectively. The regional linkage maps of the high erucic gene FAE1.E1 and the medium erucic gene FAE1.E2 were constructed using intron length polymorphism markers. The two genes FAE1.E1 and FAE1.E2 were mapped to the same chromosomal position, further confirming the single locus, multiallelic control of erucic content in yellow mustard.
Effects of Dietary Phosphate Restriction and Phosphate Binders on FGF23 Levels in CKD
Authors: Isakova Tamara , Barchi-Chung Allison , Enfield Gwen , Smith Kelsey , Vargas Gabriella , Houston Jessica , Xie Huiliang , Wahl Patricia , Schiavenato Eva , Dosch Austin , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Diego Jorge , Lenz Oliver , Contreras Gabriel , Mendez Armando , Weiner Rory B. , Wolf Myles 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background
Elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with CKD. Reducing dietary phosphate intake or absorption may decrease FGF23 levels, but data on the combined effects of dietary phosphate restriction and phosphate binders in CKD are limited.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this 2×2 factorial, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, 3-month study, conducted between July 2009 and March 2012, 39 patients with CKD stages 3 or 4 and normal serum phosphate levels were randomly assigned to one of four groups: ad libitum diet plus lanthanum carbonate (LC) placebo (n=10), 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC placebo (n=10), ad libitum diet plus LC (n=11), or 900-mg phosphate diet plus LC (n=8). The dose of LC was 1000 mg three times daily with meals. Dietary restriction was accomplished with outpatient counseling. The primary end point was change in FGF23 levels from baseline.

Results
Compared with ad libitum diet, the 900-mg phosphate diet did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels (diet × time interaction, P=0.05). Compared with placebo, LC alone also did not significantly reduce FGF23 levels (LC × time interaction, P=0.21). However, the dual intervention significantly decreased FGF23 levels throughout the study period (diet × LC × time interaction, P=0.02), resulting in a 35% (95% confidence interval, 8%–62%) reduction by study end.

Conclusion
The combination of LC plus counseling for a phosphate-restricted diet decreased FGF23 levels in patients with CKD stages 3−4 and normal serum phosphate levels.
Occlusal plane canting reduction accompanies mandibular counterclockwise rotation in camouflaging treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion
Authors: Ye Rui , Li Yu , Li Xue , Li Juan , Wang Jue , Zhao Sen , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the occlusal configurations of the hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion and their alterations during the camouflaging treatment in an attempt to identify occlusal changes that might be related to mandibular counterclockwise rotation.

Materials and Methods
Cephalograms of 126 subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion and 126 subjects with a clinically normal skeletal pattern were chosen. Several measurements were calculated and compared between the groups. To examine the effects of treatment, two groups were established according to mandibular rotation: counterclockwise rotation (CCR) and the opposite clockwise rotation (CR). After 40 subjects were excluded, the other 86 Class II subjects were assigned to CCR (n  =  22) and CR (n  =  64). Their pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) cephalograms were obtained. Measurement changes (T3-T1) were analyzed in each group and compared between groups.

Results
Compared with the normal skeletal pattern, the cant of the occlusal plane (OP) of the study subjects was significantly steeper and the vertical heights of the incisors were significantly larger for the malocclusion. Compared with the changes in CR, there was a prominent reduction of the OP canting with remarkable intrusion of the maxillary incisor in CCR.

Conclusion
Increased OP canting with overerupted incisors is evident in the hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion. During the camouflaging treatment, reduction of OP canting could occur. It was accompanied by mandibular counterclockwise rotation and intrusion of the maxillary incisor.
Calculation and analysis of the loss and heat on damper bars in large tubular hydro-generator
Authors: Liao Yong , Fan Zhen-Nan , Han Li , Xie Li-Dan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In order to research the losses and heat of damper bars thoroughly, a multislice moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling FE model of tubular hydro-generator and a 3D temperature field FE model of the rotor are built respectively. The factors such as rotor motion and non-linearity of the time-varying electromagnetic field, the stator slots skew, the anisotropic heat conduction of the rotor core lamination and different heat dissipation conditions on the windward and lee side of the poles are considered. Furthermore, according to the different operating conditions, different rotor structures and materials, compositive calculations about the losses and temperatures of the damper bars of a 36 MW generator are carried out, and the data are compared with the test. The results show that the computation precision is satisfied and the generator design is reasonable.
Continuing Education: My Life as a Historian
Authors: Taylor C.J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: C.J. Taylor's memoir begins with a brief account of his formative undergraduate years at Simon Fraser University in the 1960s and describes some of his experiences as a graduate student at Carleton University in the 1970s and 1980s. Much of the memoir is devoted to his years working as a Parks Canada historian between 1974 and 2009. He became interested in the history of the historic sites program while writing agenda papers and plaque texts for the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. After moving to Calgary in 1989 he became involved in national parks history, primarily the mountain parks of Banff, Jasper, Waterton Lakes, Yoho, and Kootenay, but also the new west coast park of Gwaii Haanas.
Reviews
Authors: Collin  , Gustafson Ralph , Norwood Gilbert , Knox  , Barker Arthur 
Published: March 2013

E. K. Brown, On Canadian Poetry, reviewed by W. E. Collin Archibald Lampman, At the Long Sault and Other New Poems, reviewed by W. E. Collin A. J. M. Smith, ed., The Book of Canadian Poetry: A Critical and Historical Anthology, reviewed by Ralphn Gustafson George E. Duckworth, The Complete Roman Drama: All the Extant Comedies of Plautus and Terence, and the Tragedies of Seneca, in a Variety of Translations, reviewed by Gilbert Norwood Theodore Spencer, Shakespeare and the Nature of Man, reviewed by R. S. Knox Louis B. Wright, Religion and Empire: The Alliance between Piety and Commerce in English Expansion, 1558–1625, reviewed by Arthur Barker
Reviews
Authors: Woodhouse  , Hughes Merritt , Norwood Gilbert , MacDonald  
Published: March 2013

Logan Pearsall Smith, Milton and His Modern Critics, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse English Poems of John Milton, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse C. S. Lewis, A Preface to Paradise Lost, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse E. M. W. Tillyard, The Action of Comus, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Robert Graves, The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Malcolm MacKenzie, Milton's Royalism: A Study of the Conflict of Symbol and Ideas in the Poems, reviewed by Merritt Y. Hughes T. R. Glover, Cambridge Retrospect, reviewed by Gilbert Norwood Carl J. Weber, Hard of Wessex: His Life and Literary Career, reviewed by J. F. MacDonald David Cecil, Hardy the Novelist: An Essay in Criticism, reviewed by J. F. MacDonald George Wilbur Meyer, Wordsworth's Formative Years, reviewed by J. R. M. George Harris Healey, ed., Wordsworth's Pocket Notebook, reviewed by J. R. M.
Reviews
Authors: Randall Helen , Stirk S. D. , Havelock E. A. , Kirkconnell Watson , Shore B. E. 
Published: March 2013

Northrop Frye, Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake, reviewed by Helen W. Randall Felix A. Voigt, Gerhart Hauptmann der Schlesier, reviewed by S. D. Stirk E.T. Owen, The Story of the Iliad, reviewed by E. A. Havelock Josheph T. Shipley, ed., Encyclopedia of Literature, reviewed by Watson Kirkconnell Wilhelm Schmidt, Rassen und Völker in Vorgeschichte und Geschichte des Abendlandes, reviewed by Watson Kirkconnell John Somerville, Soviet Philosophy, reviewed by B. E. Shore Maurice J. Shore, Soviet Education, reviewed by B. E. Shore
Reviews
Authors: Woodhouse  , Brady  , MacLean Kenneth , MacMillan Sir Ernest , Keenleyside  , Boeschenstein  , Woodside  
Published: March 2013

B. Rajan, Paradise Lost and the Seventeenth Century Reader, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Michael Roberts and A. E. G. Trollip, The South African Opposition, 1939-1945: An Essay in Contemporary History, reviewed by A. Brady Ernest Samuels, The Young Henry Adams, reviewed by Kenneth MacLean Robert Manson Myers, Handel's Messiah: A Touchstone of Taste, reviewed by Sir Ernest MacMillan Arthur Hutchings, Delius: A Critical Biography, reviewed by Sir Ernest MacMillan Fiorello H. LaGuardia, The Making of an Insurgent: An Autobiography: 1882-1919, reviewed by H. L. Keenleyside H. A. Reyburn, Nietzsche: The Story of a Human Philosopher, reviewed by H. Boeschenstein Arnold J. Toynbee, Civilization on Trial, reviewed by M. ST. A. Woodside
Reviews
Authors: MacLean Kenneth , Helleiner Karl , Vickers G.S. , McIlwraith T.F. 
Published: March 2013

John Ward Ostrom, ed., The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe, in two volumes, reviewed by Kenneth MacLean Feliks Gross, ed., European Ideologies: A Survey of 20th Century Political Ideas, reviewed by Karl F. Helleiner Joan Evans, English Art, 1307-1461, reviewed by G.S. Vickers E.M. Butler, Ritual Magic, reviewed by T. F. McIlwraith
Biocompatibility of pristine graphene for neuronal interface
Authors: Sahni Deshdeepak , Jea Andrew , Mata Javier A. , Marcano Daniela C. , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Berlin Jacob M. , Tatsui Claudio E. , Sun Zhengzong , Luerssen Thomas G. , Meng Shiyun , Kent Thomas A. , Tour James M. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Graphene possesses unique electrical, physical, and chemical properties that may offer significant potential as a bioscaffold for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the in vitro biocompatibility of pristine graphene for interface with primary rat cortical neurons.

Methods
Graphene films were prepared by chemical vapor deposition on a copper foil catalytic substrate and subsequent apposition on bare Permanox plastic polymer dishes. Rat neuronal cell culture was grown on graphene-coated surfaces, and cell growth and attachment were compared with those on uncoated and poly-d-lysine (PDL)-coated controls; the latter surface is highly favorable for neuronal attachment and growth. Live/dead cell analysis was conducted with flow cytometry using ethidium homodimer-1 and calcein AM dyes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels—indicative of cytotoxicity—were measured as markers of cell death. Phase contrast microscopy of active cell culture was conducted to assess neuronal attachment and morphology.

Results
Statistically significant differences in the percentage of live or dead neurons were noted between graphene and PDL surfaces, as well as between the PDL-coated and bare surfaces, but there was little difference in cell viability between graphene-coated and bare surfaces. There were significantly lower LDH levels in the graphene-coated samples compared with the uncoated ones, indicating that graphene was not more cytotoxic than the bare control surface. According to phase contrast microscopy, neurons attached to the graphene-coated surface and were able to elaborate long, neuritic processes suggestive of normal neuronal metabolism and morphology.

Conclusions
Further use of graphene as a bioscaffold will require surface modification that enhances hydrophilicity to increase cellular attachment and growth. Graphene is a nanomaterial that is biocompatible with neurons and may have significant biomedical applications.
Risk factors and rates of bone flap resorption in pediatric patients after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bowers Christian A. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Hertzler Dean A. , Walker Marion L. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Decompressive craniectomy with subsequent autologous cranioplasty, or the replacement of the native bone flap, is often used for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have a mass lesion and intractable intracranial hypertension. Bone flap resorption is common after bone flap replacement, necessitating additional surgery. The authors reviewed their large database of pediatric patients with TBI who underwent decompressive craniectomy followed by bone flap replacement to determine the rate of bone flap resorption and identify associated risk factors.

Methods
A retrospective cohort chart review was performed to identify long-term survivors who underwent decompressive craniectomy for severe TBI with bone flap replacement from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2011. The risk factors investigated in a univariate statistical analysis were age, sex, underlying parenchymal contusion, Glasgow Coma Scale score on arrival, comminuted skull fracture, posttraumatic hydrocephalus, bone flap wound infection, and freezer time (the amount of time the bone flap was stored in the freezer before replacement). A multivariate logistic regression model was then used to determine which of these were independent risk factors for bone flap resorption.

Results
Bone flap replacement was performed at an average of 2.1 months after decompressive craniectomy. Of the 54 patients identified (35 boys, 19 girls; mean age 6.2 years), 27 (50.0%) experienced bone flap resorption after an average of 4.8 months. Underlying parenchymal contusion, comminuted skull fracture, age ≤ 2.5 years, and posttraumatic hydrocephalus were significant, or nearly significant, on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified underlying contusion (p = 0.004, OR 34.4, 95% CI 3.0–392.7), comminuted skull fractures (p = 0.046, OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.0–69.6), posttraumatic hydrocephalus (p = 0.005, OR 35.9, 95% CI 2.9–436.6), and age ≤ 2.5 years old (p = 0.01, OR 23.1, 95% CI 2.1–257.7) as independent risk factors for bone flap resorption.

Conclusions
After decompressive craniectomy for pediatric TBI, half of the patients (50%) who underwent bone flap replacement experienced resorption. Multivariate analysis indicated young age (≤ 2.5 years), hydrocephalus, underlying contusion as opposed to a hemispheric acute subdural hematoma, and a comminuted skull fracture were all independent risk factors for bone flap resorption. Freezer time was not found to be associated with bone flap resorption.
Placement of thoracic transvertebral pedicle screws using 3D image guidance
Authors: Nottmeier Eric W. , Pirris Stephen M. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Transvertebral pedicle screws have successfully been used in the treatment of high-grade L5–S1 spondylolisthesis. An advantage of transvertebral pedicle screws is the purchase of multiple cortical layers across 2 vertebrae, thereby increasing the stability of the construct. At the lumbosacral junction, transvertebral pedicle screws have been shown to be biomechanically superior to pedicle screws placed in the standard fashion. The use of transvertebral pedicle screws at spinal levels other than L5–S1 has not been reported in the literature. The authors describe their technique of transvertebral pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine using 3D image guidance.

Methods
Twelve patients undergoing cervicothoracic or thoracolumbar fusion had 41 thoracic transvertebral pedicle screws placed across 26 spinal levels using this technique. Indications for placement of thoracic transvertebral pedicle screws in earlier cases included osteoporosis and pedicle screw salvage. However, in subsequent cases screws were placed in patients undergoing multilevel thoracolumbar fusion without osteoporosis, particularly near the top of the construct. Image guidance in this study was accomplished using the Medtronic StealthStation S7 image guidance system used in conjunction with the O-arm. All patients were slated to undergo postoperative CT scanning at approximately 4–6 months for fusion assessment, which also allowed for grading of the transvertebral pedicle screws.

Results
No thoracic transvertebral pedicle screw placed in this study had to be replaced or repositioned after intraoperative review of the cone beam CT scans. Review of the postoperative CT scans revealed all transvertebral screws to be across the superior disc space with the tips in the superior vertebral body. Six pedicle screws were placed using the in-out-in technique in patients with narrow pedicles, leaving 35 screws that underwent breach analysis. No pedicle breach was noted in 34 of 35 screws. A Grade 1 (< 2 mm) medial breach was noted in 1 screw without clinical consequence. Solid fusion was observed across 25 of 26 spinal levels that underwent transvertebral screw placement including 7 spinal levels located at the top of a multilevel construct.

Conclusions
This report describes the authors' initial in vivo experience with the 3D image-guided placement of 41 thoracic transvertebral pedicle screws. Advantages of thoracic transvertebral screws include the purchase of 2 vertebral segments across multiple cortical layers. A high fusion rate was observed across spinal levels in which transvertebral screws were placed. A formal biomechanical study is needed to assess the biomechanical advantages of this technique and is currently being planned.
A new species of Stenodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on florets of the invasive common reed (Phragmites australis) and its effects on seed production
Authors: Ahee Jordan E. , Sinclair Bradley J. , Dorken Marcel E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new species of gall midge, Stenodiplosis phragmicola Sinclair and Ahee (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described. The host plant, Phragmites australis (Cavanilles) Trinius ex Steudel (Poaceae), is a tall, widely distributed emergent aquatic macrophyte. An introduced subspecies of the plant is considered invasive in North America (although a native subspecies also occurs). Insect specimens were collected during September 2010 and 2011 from the florets of common reed at 12 sites around Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Preliminary data on ecological interactions between the plant and the insect are presented. Out of 2400 florets sampled, 9.5% were host to larvae of S. phragmicola. Three sites had much higher rates of infestation, with between 20% and 30% florets, and up to 100% of sampled shoots containing fly larvae. The largest stands in the sample all hosted fly populations and there was a positive association between the reproductive output of P. australis stands (measured as the average inflorescence mass per stand) and the proportion of shoots per stand containing larvae. The occurrence of S. phragmicola on the native subspecies of P. australis is also documented. Insects that consume reproductive structures of the common reed have not previously been reported from the plant's introduced range in North America.
<i>In vitro</i> antiplasmodial and cytotoxic properties of some medicinal plants from western Burkina Faso
Authors: Sanon Souleymane , Gansane Adama , Ouattara Lamoussa P. , Traore Abdoulaye , Ouedraogo Issa N. , Tiono Alfred , Taramelli Donatella , Basilico Nicoletta , Sirima Sodiomon B. 
Published: March 2013

Background: Resistance of malaria parasites to existing drugs complicates treatment, but an antimalarial vaccine that could protect against this disease is not yet available. It is therefore necessary to find new effective and affordable medicines. Medicinal plants could be a potential source of antimalarial agents. Some medicinal plants from Burkina Faso were evaluated for their antiplasmodial and cytotoxic properties in vitro.Methods: Crude dichloromethane, methanol, water-methanol, aqueous and alkaloids extracts were prepared for 12 parts of 10 plants. Chloroquine-resistant malaria strain K1 was used for the in vitro sensibility assay. The Plasmodium lactacte dehydrogenase technique was used to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration of parasites activity (IC50). The cytotoxic effects were determined with HepG2 cells, using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric technique, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated.Results: Sixty crude extracts were prepared. Seven extracts from Terminalia avicenoides showed IC50 < 5 µg/mL. The IC50 of dichloromethane, methanol, aqueous and alkaloids extracts ranged between 1.6 µg/mL and 4.5 µg/mL. Three crude extracts from Combretum collinum and three from Ficus capraefolia had an IC50 ranging between 0.2 µg/mL and 2.5 µg/mL. Crude extracts from these three plants had no cytotoxic effect, with SI > 1. The other plants have mostly moderate or no antimalarial effects. Some extracts from Cordia myxa, Ficus capraefolia and Opilia celtidifolia showed cytotoxicity, with an SI ranging between 0.4 and 0.9.Conclusion: Our study showed a good antiplasmodial in vitro activity of Terminalia avicenoides, Combretum collinum and Ficus capraefolia. These three plants may contain antiplasmodial molecules that could be isolated by bio-guided phytochemical studies.
Cassirer's Phenomenology of Culture
Authors: Verene Donald Phillip 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
Ernst Cassirer claims in his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms that the transcendental analysis of science, ethical freedom, and aesthetic and organic natural forms of Kant's three Critiques is extended to other forms of culture, such as language, myth, and art. In this way, Cassirer holds, the “critique of reason becomes the critique of culture.” This claim tends to place Cassirer within the tradition of Neo-Kantianism. But this view is offset by Cassirer's further claim that his philosophy is based on a phenomenology of knowledge “as established and systematically grounded by Hegel.” He also subscribes to Hegel's dictum that “the True is the whole.” In order to achieve his philosophy of symbolic forms Cassirer joins Kantian transcendental method with Hegelian phenomenology. In so doing Cassirer replaces the idea of system with a conception of “systematic overview,” which he connects to a theory of “basis phenomena,” especially the basis phenomenon of the work (das Werk). This phenomenon allows him finally to conceive his philosophy of culture as a fulfillment of the Socratic pursuit of self-knowledge. In this way Cassirer's thought moves from an epistemology to a philosophical anthropology.