bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density field projection analysis in search for WHIM
Authors: Liivamägi Lauri Juhan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the possibilities of using line-of-sight projected luminosity density and filament probability fields to find the best locations in the sky to attempt to observe the elusive Warm-Hot Intergalactic Matter (WHIM). We calculate galaxy luminosity fields on a regular grid and then project those to the plane of sky. Column densities are then found by integrating along multiple lines of sight. We also create the projections of the filament probability fields. The results are presented as sky maps of the potentially suitable areas and the corresponding fractions of sky coverage.
Internal errors: a valid alternative for clustering estimates?
Authors: Arnalte-Mur Pablo , Norberg Peder 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe investigate the validity of internal methods to estimate the uncertainty of the galaxy two-point correlation function. We consider the jackknife and bootstrap methods, which are based on re-sampling sub-regions of the original data. These are cheap computationally, and do not depend on the accuracy of external simulations. We test the different methods over a large range of scales using a set of 160 mock catalogues from the LasDamas set of simulations. Our results show that the standard bootstrap method significantly overestimates the true uncertainty at all scales. We try two possible generalisations of the bootstrap, but find them not to be robust. Regarding jackknife, we obtain that this method provides an unbiased estimation of the error at small and intermediate scales, up to ∼ 40 h−1, Mpc. At larger scales, it typically overestimates the error by a ∼13%.
Searching for non-Gaussianity in the Planck data
Authors: Rebouças Marcelo J. , Bernui Armando 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe statistical properties of the temperature anisotropies and polarization of the of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation offer a powerful probe of the physics of the early universe. In recent works a statistical procedure based upon the calculation of the kurtosis and skewness of the data in patches of CMB sky-sphere has been proposed and used to investigate the large-angle deviation from Gaussianity in WMAP maps. Here we briefly address the question as to how this analysis of Gaussianity is modified if the foreground-cleaned Planck maps are considered. We show that although the foreground-cleaned Planck maps present significant deviation from Gaussianity of different degrees when a less severe mask is used, they become consistent with Gaussianity, as detected by our indicators, when masked with the union mask U73.
Machine Classification of Transient Images
Authors: Buisson Lise du , Sivanandam Navin , Bassett Bruce A. , Smith Mathew 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUsing transient imaging data from the 2nd and 3rd years of the SDSS supernova survey, we apply various machine learning techniques to the problem of classifying transients (e.g. SNe) from artefacts, one of the first steps in any transient detection pipeline, and one that is often still carried out by human scanners. Using features mostly obtained from PCA, we show that we can match human levels of classification success, and find that a K-nearest neighbours algorithm and SkyNet perform best, while the Naive Bayes, SVM and minimum error classifier have performances varying from slightly to significantly worse.
Statistical challenges in weak lensing cosmology
Authors: Takada Masahiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCosmological weak lensing is the powerful probe of cosmology. Here we address one of the most fundamental, statistical questions inherent in weak lensing cosmology: whether or not we can recover the initial Gaussian information content of large-scale structure by combining the weak lensing observables, here focused on the weak lensing power spectrum and bispectrum. To address this question we fully take into account correlations between the power spectra of different multipoles and the bispectra of different triangle configurations, measured from a finite area survey. In particular we show that super-survey modes whose length scale is larger than or comparable with the survey size cause significant sample variance in the weak lensing correlations via the mode-coupling with sub-survey modes due to nonlinear gravitational clustering – the so-called super-sample variance. In this paper we discuss the origin of the super-sample variance and then study the information content inherent in the weak lensing correlation functions up to three-point level.
Bayesian model comparison in cosmology
Authors: Mortlock Daniel J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe standard Bayesian model formalism comparison cannot be applied to most cosmological models as they lack well-motivated parameter priors. However, if the data-set being used is separable, then it is possible to use some of the data to obtain the necessary parameter distributions, the rest of the data being retained for model comparison. While such methods are not fully prescriptive, they provide a route to applying Bayesian model comparison in cosmological situations where it could not otherwise be used.
Searching for bias and correlations in a Bayesian way - Example: SN Ia data
Authors: Heneka Caroline , Posada Alexandre , Marra Valerio , Amendola Luca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA range of Bayesian tools has become widely used in cosmological data treatment and parameter inference (see Kunz et al.2007, Trotta 2008, Amendola et al.2013). With increasingly big datasets and higher precision, tools that enable us to further enhance the accuracy of our measurements gain importance. Here we present an approach based on internal robustness, introduced in Amendola et al. (2013) and adopted in Heneka et al. (2014), to identify biased subsets of data and hidden correlation in a model independent way.
Interactivity between Candidates and Citizens on a Social Networking Site: Effects on Perceptions and Vote Intentions
Authors: Brewer Paul R. , Habegger Michael , Harrington Ruby , Hoffman Lindsay H. , Jones Philip Edward , Lambe Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVoters and political candidates increasingly use social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook. This study uses data from an online posttest-only experiment (N= 183) in analyzing how exposure to supportive or challenging user comments on a fictional candidate's Facebook page influenced participants’ perceptions of and willingness to vote for the candidate, as well as whether candidate replies to each type of user comments affected these outcomes. Participants who viewed a page with supportive comments and “likes” reported more favorable perceptions of and greater support for the candidate, relative to participants who viewed a page with challenging comments. Thus, the appearance of interactivity between a candidate and other users on the candidate's Facebook page can shape the responses of those viewing the page. However, exposure to candidate replies to either supportive or challenging comments did not lead to significantly more favorable perceptions or a greater likelihood of voting for the candidate.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines Kurzfragebogens zur Erfassung von allgemeiner und facettenspezifischer Arbeitszufriedenheit
Authors: Haarhaus Benjamin 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl eine ökonomische und differenzierte Erfassung von Arbeitszufriedenheit für Forschung und betriebliche Praxis von hoher Relevanz ist, sind deutschsprachige Messinstrumente meist sehr umfangreich oder nicht in der Lage, zwischen Zufriedenheitsfacetten zu differenzieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht das Ziel des Beitrags darin, auf Basis verschiedener Versionen des Job Descriptive Index (JDI) und des Arbeitsbeschreibungsbogens (ABB) einen Kurzfragebogen zur Erfassung von Allgemeiner und Facettenspezifischer Arbeitszufriedenheit (KAFA) zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Anhand von zwei Stichproben (N = 594) wird ein 30 Items umfassender Kurzfragebogen entwickelt, mit dem sich die Gesamtzufriedenheit sowie die Zufriedenheit mit den Tätigkeiten, Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, der Bezahlung und der/dem Vorgesetzten reliabel, valide und ökonomisch messen lassen.
Action plan co-optimization reveals the parallel encoding of competing reach movements
Authors: Gallivan Jason P. , Barton Kathryn S. , Chapman Craig S. , Wolpert Daniel M. , Randall Flanagan J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeveral influential cognitive theories propose that in situations affording more than one possible target of action, we prepare multiple competing movements before selecting one. Here we provide direct evidence for this provocative but largely untested idea and demonstrate why preparing multiple movements is computationally advantageous. Using a reaching task in which movements are initiated after one of two potential targets is cued, we show that the movement generated for the cued target borrows components of the movement that would have been required for the other, competing target. This interaction can only arise if multiple potential movements are fully specified in advance and we demonstrate that it reduces the time required to launch a given action plan. Our findings suggest that this co-optimization of motor plans is highly automatic and largely occurs outside conscious awareness.
Cooper pair splitting in parallel quantum dot Josephson junctions
Authors: Deacon R. S. , Oiwa A. , Sailer J. , Baba S. , Kanai Y. , Shibata K. , Hirakawa K. , Tarucha S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDevices to generate on-demand non-local spin entangled electron pairs have potential application as solid-state analogues of the entangled photon sources used in quantum optics. Recently, Andreev entanglers that use two quantum dots as filters to adiabatically split and separate the quasi-particles of Cooper pairs have shown efficient splitting through measurements of the transport charge but the spin entanglement has not been directly confirmed. Here we report measurements on parallel quantum dot Josephson junction devices allowing a Josephson current to flow due to the adiabatic splitting and recombination of the Cooper pair between the dots. The evidence for this non-local transport is confirmed through study of the non-dissipative supercurrent while tuning independently the dots with local electrical gates. As the Josephson current arises only from processes that maintain the coherence, we can confirm that a current flows from the spatially separated entangled pair.
High-frame rate four dimensional optoacoustic tomography enables visualization of cardiovascular dynamics and mouse heart perfusion
Authors: Deán-Ben Xosé Luís , Ford Steven James , Razansky Daniel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFunctional imaging of mouse models of cardiac health and disease provides a major contribution to our fundamental understanding of the mammalian heart. However, imaging murine hearts presents significant challenges due to their small size and rapid heart rate. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of high-frame-rate, noninvasive optoacoustic imaging of the murine heart. The temporal resolution of 50 three-dimensional frames per second provides functional information at important phases of the cardiac cycle without the use of gating or other motion-reduction methods. Differentiation of the blood oxygenation state in the heart chambers was enabled by exploiting the wavelength dependence of optoacoustic signals. Real-time volumetric tracking of blood perfusion in the cardiac chambers was also evaluated using indocyanine green. Taken together, the newly-discovered capacities offer a unique tool set for in-vivo structural and functional imaging of the whole heart with high spatio-temporal resolution in all three dimensions.
Optimizing fluorescent protein trios for 3-Way FRET imaging of protein interactions in living cells
Authors: Scott Brandon L. , Hoppe Adam D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPowerful new methods have extended FRET microscopy to the imaging of three or more interacting proteins inside living cells. Here, we compared widely available fluorescent proteins to find the best trio for 3-Way FRET imaging. We focused on readily available cyan, yellow and red proteins that have high quantum yields, large extinction coefficients and good photostability, which defined these candidate proteins: CyPet/mTFP1/mTurqoise2, mCitrine/YPet and TagRFP/TagRFPt/mRuby2/mCherry. By taking advantage of the high structural similarity across the fluorescent proteins, we generated structurally similar, but photophysically distinct donor/acceptor and triple fluorophore fusion proteins and measured their FRET efficiencies inside living cells. Surprisingly, their published photophysical parameters and calculated Förster distances did not predict the best combinations of FPs. Using cycloheximide to inhibit protein synthesis, we found that the different FP maturation rates had a strong effect on the FRET efficiency. This effect was pronounced when comparing rapidly maturing yellow and slowly maturing red FPs. We found that red FPs with inferior photophysics gave superior FRET efficiencies because of faster maturation rates. Based on combined metrics for the FRET efficiency, fluorophore photophysics and fluorophore maturation we determined that Turqoise2, YPet and Cherry were the best available FPs for live cell 3-Way FRET measurements.
Trans-spliced Cas9 allows cleavage of HBB and CCR5 genes in human cells using compact expression cassettes
Authors: Fine Eli J. , Appleton Caleb M. , White Douglas E. , Brown Matthew T. , Deshmukh Harshavardhan , Kemp Melissa L. , Bao Gang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 systems have been used in a wide variety of biological studies; however, the large size of CRISPR/Cas9 presents challenges in packaging it within adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for clinical applications. We identified a two-cassette system expressing pieces of the S. pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) protein which splice together in cellula to form a functional protein capable of site-specific DNA cleavage. With specific CRISPR guide strands, we demonstrated the efficacy of this system in cleaving the HBB and CCR5 genes in human HEK-293T cells as a single Cas9 and as a pair of Cas9 nickases. The trans-spliced SpCas9 (tsSpCas9) displayed ~35% of the nuclease activity compared with the wild-type SpCas9 (wtSpCas9) at standard transfection doses, but had substantially decreased activity at lower dosing levels. The greatly reduced open reading frame length of the tsSpCas9 relative to wtSpCas9 potentially allows for more complex and longer genetic elements to be packaged into an AAV vector including tissue-specific promoters, multiplexed guide RNA expression and effector domain fusions to SpCas9. For unknown reasons, the tsSpCas9 system did not work in all cell types tested. The use of protein trans-splicing may help facilitate exciting new avenues of research and therapeutic applications through AAV-based delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 systems.
Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry for probing kinetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism – case study of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Authors: Prévoteau Antonin , Geirnaert Annelies , Arends Jan B.A. , Lannebère Sylvain , Van de Wiele Tom , Rabaey Korneel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMonitoringin vitrothe metabolic activity of microorganisms aids bioprocesses and enables better understanding of microbial metabolism. Redox mediators can be used for this purpose via different electrochemical techniques that are either complex or only provide non-continuous data. Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry using a rotating disc electrode (RDE) can alleviate these issues but was seldom used and is poorly characterized. The kinetics ofFaecalibacterium prausnitziiA2-165, a beneficial gut microbe, were determined using a RDE with riboflavin as redox probe. This butyrate producer anaerobically ferments glucose and reduces riboflavin whose continuous monitoring on a RDE provided highly accurate kinetic measurements of its metabolism, even at low cell densities. The metabolic reaction rate increased linearly over a broad range of cell concentrations (9 × 104to 5 × 107cells.mL−1). Apparent Michaelis-Menten kinetics was observed with respect to riboflavin (KM = 6 μM; kcat = 5.3×105 s−1, at 37 °C) and glucose (KM = 6 μM; kcat = 2.4 × 105 s−1). The short temporal resolution allows continuous monitoring of fast cellular events such as kinetics inhibition with butyrate. Furthermore, we detected for the first time riboflavin reduction by another potential probiotic,Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum. The ability of the RDE for fast, accurate, simple and continuous measurements makes it anad hoctool for assessing bioprocesses at high resolution.
Liquid on Paper: Rapid Prototyping of Soft Functional Components for Paper Electronics
Authors: Long Han Yu , Liu Hao , Ouyang Cheng , Jian Lu Tian , Xu Feng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a novel approach to fabricate paper-based electric circuits consisting of a paper matrix embedded with three-dimensional (3D) microchannels and liquid metal. Leveraging the high electric conductivity and good flowability of liquid metal and metallophobic property of paper, it is possible to keep electric and mechanical functionality of the electric circuit even after a thousand cycles of deformation. Embedding liquid metal into paper matrix is a promising method to rapidly fabricate low-cost, disposable and soft electric circuits for electronics. As a demonstration, we designed a programmable displacement transducer and applied it as variable resistors and pressure sensors. The unique metallophobic property, combined with softness, low cost and light weight, makes paper an attractive alternative to other materials in which liquid metal are currently embedded.
Heparin interacts with elongation factor 1α of Cryptosporidium parvum and inhibits invasion
Authors: Inomata Atsuko , Murakoshi Fumi , Ishiwa Akiko , Takano Ryo , Takemae Hitoshi , Sugi Tatsuki , Cagayat Recuenco Frances , Horimoto Taisuke , Kato Kentaro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCryptosporidium parvumis an apicomplexan parasite that can cause serious watery diarrhea, cryptosporidiosis, in human and other mammals.C. parvuminvades gastrointestinal epithelial cells, which have abundant glycosaminoglycans on their cell surface. However, little is known about the interaction betweenC. parvumand glycosaminoglycans. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of sulfated polysaccharides onC. parvuminvasion of host cells and identified the parasite ligands that interact with sulfated polysaccharides. Among five sulfated polysaccharides tested, heparin had the highest, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on parasite invasion. Heparan sulfate-deficient cells were less susceptible toC. parvuminfection. We further identified 31 parasite proteins that potentially interact with heparin. Of these, we confirmed thatC. parvumelongation factor 1α (CpEF1α), which plays a role inC. parvuminvasion, binds to heparin and to the surface of HCT-8 cells. Our results further our understanding of the molecular basis ofC. parvuminfection and will facilitate the development of anti-cryptosporidial agents.
Evaluation of thrombolysis by using ultrasonic imaging: an in vitro study
Authors: Fang Jui , Tsui Po-Hsiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe hematocrit of a thrombus is a key factor associated with the susceptibility to thrombolysis. Ultrasonic imaging is currently the first-line screening tool for thrombus examinations. Different hematocrits result in different acoustical structures of thrombi, which alter the behavior of ultrasonic backscattering. This study explored the relationships among thrombolytic efficiencies, hematocrits and ultrasonic parameters (the echo intensity and backscattered statistics). Porcine thrombi with different hematocrits, ranging from 0% to 50%, were induced in vitro. An ultrasonic scanner was used to scan thrombi and acquire raw image data for B-mode (echo intensity measurements) and Nakagami imaging (backscattered statistics analysis). Experiments on thrombolysis were performed using urokinase to explore the effect of the hematocrit on thrombolytic efficiency. Results showed that the weight loss ratio of thrombi exponentially decreased as the hematocrit increased from 0% to 50%. Compared with the echo intensity obtained from the conventional B-scan, the Nakagami parameter predicts the weight loss ratio, increasing from 0.6 to 1.2 as the weight loss ratio decreased from 0.67 to 0.26. The current findings suggest that using Nakagami imaging characterizing thrombi provides information of backscattered statistics, which may be associated with the thrombolytic efficiency.
Peginterferon plus weight-based ribavirin for treatment-naïve hepatitis C virus genotype 2 patients not achieving rapid virologic response: a randomized trial
Authors: Liu Chen-Hua , Huang Chung-Feng , Liu Chun-Jen , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Jee-Fu , Lin Jou-Wei , Liang Cheng-Chao , Yang Sheng-Shun , Lin Chih-Lin , Su Tung-Hung , Yang Hung-Chih , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn , Chuang Wan-Long , Kao Jia-Horng , Yu Ming-Lung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHepatitis C virus genotype 2 (HCV-2) slow responders poorly respond to 24 weeks of peginterferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV). We evaluated the efficacy of extended 48-week regimen and the role of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) genotype in this clinical setting. Treatment-naïve HCV-2 patients not achieving rapid virologic response (RVR) by Peg-IFN alfa-2a 180 μg/week plus weight-based RBV (1,000–1,200 mg/day, cutoff body weight of 75 kg) were randomly assigned to receive a total duration of 48 (n = 94) or 24 (n = 93) weeks of therapy. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response (SVR). Baseline patient characteristics to predict SVR were analyzed. Patients receiving 48 weeks of treatment had a greater SVR rate than those receiving 24 weeks of treatment (70.2% versus 46.2%, P = 0.001). Compared to patients treated for 24 weeks, the SVR rate in those treated for 48 weeks increased by 10.9% [95% CI: −5.9% to 27.7%] and 65.6% [95% CI: 44.5% to 86.7%] if they had IL-28B rs8099917 TT genotype and GT/GG genotype, respectively (interaction P = 0.002). In conclusion, 48-week treatment with Peg-IFN plus weight-based RBV provides a greater SVR rate than 24-week treatment in treatment-naïve HCV-2 patients with unfavorable IL-28B genotypes who fail to achieve RVR.
Hydrogel-derived non-precious electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: You Bo , Yin Peiqun , Zhang Junli , He Daping , Chen Gaoli , Kang Fei , Wang Huiqiao , Deng Zhaoxiang , Li Yadong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe development of highly active, cheap and robust oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts to replace precious metal platinum is extremely urgent and challenging for renewable energy devices. Herein we report a novel, green and especially facile hydrogel strategy to construct N and B co-doped nanocarbon embedded with Co-based nanoparticles as an efficient non-precious ORR catalyst. The agarose hydrogel provides a general host matrix to achieve a homogeneous distribution of key precursory components including cobalt (II) acetate and buffer salts, which, upon freeze-drying and carbonization, produces the highly active ORR catalyst. The gel buffer containing Tris base, boric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, commonly adopted for pH and ionic strength control, plays distinctively different roles here. These include a green precursor for N- and B-doping, a salt porogen and a Co2+ chelating agent, all contributing to the excellent ORR activity. This hydrogel-based process is potentially generalizable for many other catalytic materials.