bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of eggshell-based materials and their adsorption performance on Fe(III) in water*
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Zou Jiajun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
If there is too much trivalent iron in the body, it will disrupt the balance of osmotic pressure inside the body, and its heavy metal properties will denature proteins. Therefore, effective management of industrial pollution source wastewater is very important for environmental protection and human’s health. Calcium carbonate particles have a good ability to adsorb trivalent iron in wastewater. The aim is to prepare porous calcium carbonate by a template method using eggshell powder, hydrochloric acid, sodium stearate, and anhydrous sodium carbonate solution as the raw materials and research the adsorption properties of porous calcium carbonate to trivalent iron. Porous calcium carbonate was prepared by a template method using eggshell powder, hydrochloric acid, sodium stearate, and anhydrous sodium carbonate solution as the raw materials. The morphology and adsorptive properties of Fe (III) of the porous calcium carbonate were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV). The best value was found between different temperatures, time, and pH. The results verified that the maximum amount of adsorption was obtained when calcination was 400°C, pH was 5, time was 60 min, and the input amount was 20 mg. The adsorption of porous calcium carbonate to Fe (III) is chemical and has a better adsorption effect.
Inundation correlation research on the simulation of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a condenser
Authors: Wang Xiongshi , Zhan Tengteng , Dai Shoubao , Zhang Guihua , Wu Jiahao , Wu Yuxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The performance of the condenser is important to keep the high efficiency of the instrument that converts thermal energy to power through steam. On the shell side of the condenser, there is a complex gas-liquid two-phase flow with coupled turbulence, phase change, and multi-component effects. Meanwhile, heat transfer and fluid flow are mutually coupled and interact with each other. This study carefully investigates a significant factor affecting the accuracy of two-phase model simulations in condensers. It’s found that the correction of the thermal resistance of the condensate plays a key role in good production. Starting from more accurate CFD calculation results of the two-phase flow, a method is derived that utilizes the liquid phase volume fraction for the correction. The simulated results obtained using this method show promising improvements compared to the complex approaches used by previous researchers.
Analysis of combustion characteristics of ammonia/hydrogen mixed fuel in HCCI engine
Authors: Nie Tao , Zhang Ping , Yang Kun , Zhao Jianhua , Zhou Lei , Wu Xin , Zheng Xiangquan , Luo Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A zero-dimensional HCCI combustion model for ammonia/hydrogen mixed gases was established to study the influence of hydrogen on the combustion characteristics of ammonia fuel. The effects of compression ratio, intake temperature, and hydrogen ratio on the combustion performance of ammonia were analyzed. The results suggest that due to the high ignition point of ammonia, the intake temperature must reach 523 K when the compression ratio is 18 for ammonia fuel to be compression ignited. At the same time, it was found that under this condition, ammonia fuel can burn under lean conditions (ϕ=0.2). The study also found that when the intake temperature is 523 K, the minimum-to-compression ratio during ammonia compression ignition decreases from 18 to 10 as the hydrogen doping ratio increases from 0 to 0.2.
Black-Box Modelling of Active Distribution Network Devices Based on Neural ODEs
Authors: Hu Ran , Ma Nan , Li Bing , Chen Kun , Chen Chen , Huang Zhanhua , Ye Fengshu , Pan Chunpeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The morphological structure and dynamic characteristics of power distribution systems are rapidly evolving due to the widespread application of distributed renewable energy and the rapid advancement of power electronics technology. The stability analysis of these complex new distribution systems depends on electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation. However, the intellectual property rights protection by manufacturers leads to many distribution network devices that can only use black-box models with missing parameters, which challenges the simulation. This reduces the accuracy of the dynamic analysis of these new distribution systems. To address this problem, this paper proposes a black-box modelling method based on neural Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) for active distribution equipment. The method uses port measurement data to construct a data-driven model that accurately captures the black-box device characteristics, transforming the uncertainties in the user-side black-box devices into observable, controllable, and analysable models. The paper also builds an IEEE-33 node system that includes the energy storage black-box model for validation, and the results confirm the accuracy of the model.
Optimal regulation strategy of energy storage combined with new energy stations participating in power market
Authors: Chen Chunyi , Zhu Huangru , Huang Bonan , Guo Tai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Energy storage systems can efficiently address the challenges of inadequate power grid regulation capabilities and the escalating complexity of maintaining frequency stability due to a significant integration of renewable energy sources. Under the background of power marketization reform, it is highly important to establish a perfect power market mechanism and incorporate energy storage into it to stimulate energy storage advancements. Consequently, this paper proposes an optimization model for energy storage in conjunction with new energy stations participating in the power market, following the introduction of new energy storage technologies. It effectively verifies the optimization energy storage charge and discharge duration with examples. It achieves the realignment of output curves for coordinating the operation of new energy stations and energy storage facilities, enabling peak shaving and load shifting to minimize the peak-to-valley differential in the system load. It makes the overall output more ‘stable’ and improves the efficiency of the comprehensive operation of wind, solar, and energy storage. In the future, the engagement of energy storage will be essential in the market, and it is crucial to propose practical suggestions to enhance its participation.
Optimal configuration method of photovoltaic energy storage in distribution network based on source-load coordination
Authors: Chen Shuhao , Lin Fei , Zhao Xin , Li Heng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To enhance the configurability of photovoltaic energy storage within distribution network systems and foster synchronized development of power sources and loads, a source-load coordinated approach for optimal photovoltaic energy storage configuration in distribution networks is introduced. An alternative multi-objective framework for optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage capacity in distribution networks is formulated, which is the optimal goal of maximum economic benefit of photovoltaic energy storage, the optimal goal of minimum network loss and the optimal goal of source-network load coordination. The constraints of the system’s power flow, energy storage charging and discharging capabilities, and an optimized allocation strategy for energy storage are established, and the objective function is solved with full consideration of source-network load coordination factors. The energy storage optimization is updated in the iterative process. Based on the update results, the process for optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage in the distribution network has been devised to attain the most efficient allocation. Experimental results indicate a minimal discrepancy between the actual and specified energy storage output, along with a reduced average output power resulting from the optimized photovoltaic energy storage configuration, which shows excellent performance in energy storage optimization configuration.
Thermal optimization design of high-power charging station charging module
Authors: Zhang Siqian , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When facing significant heat generation from a 30 kW high-power charging station, traditional air-cooling forced convection methods are insufficient to meet the cooling requirements. In this study, based on an in-depth analysis of power modules, we designed a key component of the liquid cooling system, the cold plate, through theoretical calculations. Using simulation techniques, we analyzed the temperature distribution within the cold plate and performed design optimization under conditions of a 4C charging rate and a thermal load of 1598 W. Considering the actual operating environment of the charging equipment, we selected a 50% volume fraction of ethylene glycol-water solution as the coolant and simulated its performance under extreme outdoor conditions of 50°C. Simulation results showed that the optimized liquid-cooled cold plate module achieved a junction temperature of 69.73°C, significantly lower compared to the initial temperature of 109.9°C, resulting in an approximately 36% improvement in heat dissipation efficiency. This significant enhancement not only highlights the advantages of the liquid cooling system in managing the thermal load of high-power charging stations but also addresses the issue of excessive heat load faced by traditional cooling methods. The outcomes of this research provide important theoretical and practical foundations for the thermal design of charging equipment, which is expected to play a critical role in improving the performance and reliability of charging stations.
Research on optimization strategy of grid carbon emission factor for promoting electricity-carbon market coupling
Authors: Zhao Fu , Fan Pengfei , Song Chongming , Li Ziqian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The grid emission factor is an essential parameter for accounting for carbon emissions caused by electricity consumption, and its update frequency and spatial accuracy affect the quality of the emission factor. Based on the existing regional grid emission factors, this study proposes an improved calculation method to get the revised emission factors. The revised emission factors can address barriers such as delayed updating, inequitable accounting between regions, and double measurement of green power emission reduction benefits. Therefore, the study can support the construction of the carbon market and the realization of carbon neutrality goals.
Stable and efficient all-inorganic quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on a double-layer electron transport layer
Authors: Shi Hengfei , Ren Zhenwei , Zhou Xin , Ji Huifeng , Zhang Yuze , Chen Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The most advanced quantum light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have achieved almost unity external quantum efficiency (EQE) due to organic materials for high transport efficiency, but organic materials are less stable and can lead to irreversible degradation of the devices. The use of stable inorganic hole-transporting layers (HTLs), such as NiOx, becomes a promising alternative. ZnO is a common electron-transporting material in QLEDs, which possesses high mobility and tunable conductivity properties, but ZnO-based QLEDs devices undergo loss of efficiency due to exciton bursting, poor shelf stability, and pronounced positive aging effects. SnO2, as a common electron-transporting material, has better stability than ZnO. In this work, the SnO2/ZnO dual electron transport layer strategy is adopted, which can reduce the non-radiative burst and aging behavior, and at the same time, the electron transport is regulated by adjusting the film thickness. Inorganic QLEDs with high external quantum efficiency (9.5%) as well as high operational stability have been fully realized. This strategy provides effective ideas for future high-performance display devices.
Study on the degradation of welding strength in ceramic substrates subjected to temperature cycling
Authors: Yue Wenkai , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Yingxiao , Zhong Cheng , Jiang Binbin , Fang Xingce , Tang Zhixu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article uses AlN and Al2O3 thick film substrates to conduct an in-depth study of the attenuation of welding strength of ceramic substrates under temperature cycling conditions. Using the test method of miniaturizing the substrate to test the transverse shear force, the shear force changes of different substrates with different 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder thicknesses were summarized and compared with the temperature cycle process. The finite element simulation method was used to simulate the Ag/SnPb interface, and the trend of interface stress and strain changing with temperature was obtained. Finally, the study found that during the temperature cycle, the Sn-enriched phase in the solder of the AlN substrate diffuses faster into the Ag layer, so the soldering strength of the AlN substrate decays faster during the temperature cycle.
Effect of bottom critical dimension (CD) size on TiN residual
Authors: Han Dingting , Jia Libin , Sun Hongbo , Li Weiran , Ren Huimin , Zhao Chao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The relationship between bottom critical dimension (CD) size and TiN residual in semiconductor manufacturing was elucidated. As an excellent electrode material, TiN needs to be cut from the continuous TiN film during the capacitor preparation process to achieve parallel connection of capacitors and increase capacitance. However, TiN film may only partially be removed under different process conditions. To illustrate the reason for TiN residual and its relationship with bottom CD size, the TiN and oxide thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), respectively. The results show that the amount of TiN residual and bottom CD size was strongly coupled when the bottom CD size larger than 140 nm TiN can be fully removed. However, if the trench bottom CD size is smaller than 85 nm, there are different degrees (residual TiN thickness within the various of 1.8-11 nm) of TiN remain. Therefore, the results of this paper are of much importance as a reference for process design.
The influence of the hot-pressing process on the mechanical properties of continuous aramid fiber-reinforced PA12 composites
Authors: Yong Moxuan , Du Bing , Jiang Xibin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hot-pressing post-treatment can effectively improve the mechanical properties of composite specimens. In order to improve the impact resistance of continuous aramid fiber-reinforced nylon 12 (CAF/PA12) composites, the effect of hot-pressing parameters on the interlaminar shear strength of the composite was studied. The effects of hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time, and hot-pressing pressure on the interlaminar shear strength of composite formed specimens were studied by single factor test. Based on the optimized parameters of hot-pressing, the influence of hot-pressing on low-speed impact performance was analyzed. The results shown that the interlaminar shear strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of hot-pressing temperature and pressure. With the extension of hot-pressing time, the interlaminar shear strength continued to increase. When the hot-pressing parameters were 170°C, 30 min, and 600 kPa, the shear strength and specimen quality were the best. Under this hot-pressing process, the low-speed impact performance was increased by 36.0%. In this paper, the research content of the hot-pressing process of composite materials was expanded, which provided a reference for the research of impact resistance of continuous aramid fiber-reinforced PA12 composite materials.
Effect of density and thickness on sound absorption performance of flexible porous material-aerogel
Authors: Dang Sizheng , Zhu Kailin , Yuan Zhaodong , Zhu Yuanzhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aerogel is recognized for its effective sound absorption capabilities, which contribute to its widespread application in reducing vibrations and noise. Consequently, it is often employed as a sound-absorbing material in various settings, including industrial machinery and the construction sector. In this research, we conducted an experimental analysis and employed standing wave tube testing to evaluate the sound absorption coefficient of aerogel. The investigation specifically focused on the impact of density and thickness on the sound absorption performance of aerogel. Through this process, we established the optimal structural parameters for aerogel to maximize its sound absorption efficiency. The study’s findings indicate that the sound absorption coefficient of aerogel sees a swift rise as its density increases from 0.4g/cm3 to 0.7g/cm3, with a subsequent deceleration in the rate of increase beyond the 0.7g/cm3 threshold. Concerning thickness, the sound absorption coefficient also experiences a rapid increase as the aerogel’s thickness is below 20mm, after which the rate of increase diminishes for thicknesses above 20mm. By considering both sound absorption performance and economic optimization, the research identifies a density of 0.7g/cm3 and a thickness of 20mm as the optimal parameters for achieving the best sound absorption with aerogel.
Research on channel-exposed carbon-based FET humidity sensor
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The ability to detect humidity is crucial for a variety of sectors, including industrial manufacturing, meteorological surveillance, and the preservation of materials, among others. Field effect transistor (FET) based sensor, renowned for its signal amplification effect, plays a pivotal role in detecting trace-level analytes with high sensitivity. Our work demonstrates the preparation of a humidity sensor based on carbon-based FET architecture, employing micro-nano processing techniques. In this work, semiconducting carbon nanotubes serve as the sensing material and channel at the same time. The outcomes indicate that the sensor exhibits a linear response ranging from 0% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and good repeatability. It also shows long-term stability in a 40-day test, proving potential applications in FET-type humidity sensors.
Deformation and stress analysis of frame and hub bearing based on FE simulation
Authors: Liu Hailong , Cao Shukun , Zhao Dong , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Zeng Li , Zhang Yihua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
By using ANSYS Workbench, the deformation and stress of the frame and hub bearing were studied. For the deformation analysis of the frame, the maximum deformation of the original frame was 2.99 mm under no-load conditions, while the deformation of the improved frame was only 1.88 mm. By making a prototype of the frame and measuring the experimental deformation at the position of the radiator bracket under no-load conditions, it was found that the error between the test result and the simulation result was small, thus verifying the established FE model. Subsequently, the deformation of the frame was studied under full load conditions, and it was concluded that the maximum deformation was 2.47 mm, which was still less than the deformation of the original frame under no load conditions. For the FE simulation analysis of the double-row tapered roller hub bearing, compared with the inner ring, retainer, and outer ring, the equivalent stress of the tapered roller was up to 507.5 MPa, but it still didn’t exceed the yield strength, confirming the rationality of the designed bearing structure.
Thermal-fluid-structure coupling simulation of piston in large marine diesel engine
Authors: Luo Congcong , Zhao Minghang , Zhang Kai , Yu Xiaoxia , Li Junfu , Cui Zhiquan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, most simulation approaches for pistons are conducted based on thermal-structure coupling, where the cooling boundary conditions are determined by empirical formulas. However, these approaches often suffer some decreases in the accuracy of the simulation results. Aiming at the problem, this paper conducts a thermal-fluid-structure coupling simulation method for the piston of a large marine diesel engine, which employs computational fluid dynamics to identify the cooling boundary conditions. Firstly, the solid and fluid models are established. Then, the cooling process of the piston chamber is simulated, with the temperature and heat transfer coefficients being mapped onto the solid component. Finally, loads and constraints are imposed on the solid component to accomplish the simulation. Under the presumed simulation conditions, the obtained coupling stresses are within the permissible range, with a maximum value of 419.68 MPa, and the dangerous region occurs at the junction of the piston head and the cooling chamber.
Research on thermal-solid coupling behavior of drum brake under emergency braking on slopes
Authors: Pan Yunping , Zhang Yuhua , Jin Zhengyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
When a truck makes emergency braking while driving on a slope, the transient impact force generated can easily cause personal injury to passengers and damage the vehicle’s braking system. In order to study the working state of the brake under this working condition, the ANSYS finite element thermal-solid coupling transient analysis method was used to establish the mechanical model and finite element model of the vehicle and brake under the slope emergency braking state, showing the temperature field and stress field distribution rules and interactions of the drum brake under this working condition, and compared with the flat road emergency braking condition. The results show that the maximum temperature of the brake reaches 184.26°C during emergency braking, and the stress field and temperature field are strongly coupled in two directions, which can easily lead to uneven wear of the linings and a reduction in the fatigue life of the brake.
Dynamic positioning system of ships with RBF neural network compensator
Authors: Zhao Ganyu , Yu Menghong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Dynamic Positioning, traditional control methods lack stability, while neural networks and reinforcement learning have become research hotspots. By learning decision-making strategies from environmental observation data, we can adapt to environmental changes in real time and achieve optimal control effects. We also design a reward function to evaluate control performance. Dynamic inversion control is a control strategy that transforms nonlinear systems into linear systems. To address the issue of ship dynamic positioning, we propose a novel controller design method by combining RBF neural networks with dynamic inversion control. Its effectiveness has been verified through simulation experiments, demonstrating its potential and value in practical applications. This method will help improve the positioning accuracy of ships and optimize control performance.