bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly accelerated dynamic contrast enhanced imaging
Authors: Lebel Robert Marc , Jones Jesse , Ferre Jean‐Christophe , Law Meng , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeDynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging provides unique physiological information, notably the endothelial permeability (Ktrans), and may improve the diagnosis and management of multiple pathologies. Current acquisition methods provide limited spatial‐temporal resolution and field‐of‐view, often preventing characterization of the entire pathology and precluding measurement of the arterial input function. We present a method for highly accelerated dynamic imaging and demonstrate its utility for dynamic contrast‐enhanced modeling.MethodsWe propose a novel Poisson ellipsoid sampling scheme and enforce multiple spatial and temporal l1‐norm constraints during image reconstruction. Retrospective and prospective analyses were performed to validate the approach.ResultsRetrospectively, no mean bias or diverging trend was observed as the acceleration rate was increased from 3× to 18×; less than 10% error was measured in Ktrans at any individual rates in this range. Prospectively accelerated images at a rate of 36× enabled full brain coverage with 0.94 × 0.94 × 1.9 mm3 spatial and 4.1 s temporal resolutions. Images showed no visible degradation and provided accurate Ktrans values when compared to a clinical population.ConclusionHighly accelerated dynamic MRI using compressed sensing and parallel imaging provides accurate permeability modeling and enables full brain, high resolution acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 71:635–644, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The burden of obesity on blood pressure is reduced in older persons: The sardinia study
Authors: Pikilidou M. I. , Scuteri A. , Morrell C. , Lakatta E. G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Being overweight or obese increases the risk of elevated blood pressure. However differences of their effects on blood pressure in different age groups are not clear.Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences of the effects of adiposity on the odds of having hypertension in different age groups.Design and Methods:Three thousand fifty‐six subjects (1,532 women and 1,524 men) consist of the drug naïve subjects from the SardiNIA study. Logistic regression models with backward elimination were used to determine and compare the association between categories of obesity on hypertension within young (≤39), middle aged (40–59), and older (60+) subjects. Additional terms controlled for in the model were smoking and alcohol intake status.Results:The relationship of body mass index (BMI) on hypertension differed by age, as indicated by the significant interaction term of age with BMI (P <0.01). Older subjects had higher odds of having hypertension than younger subjects but these odds were lower for obese than for lean subjects (OR 10.45, 95% CIs 4.58–23.85 in obese versus OR 33.89, 95% CIs 17.94–64.02 in lean subjects). A similar trend was also observed in middle aged subjects.Conclusions:This study shows that among men and women, older age was associated with a lesser effect of BMI on the odds of having hypertension.
Trends of overweight and obesity among white and american indian school children in south dakota, 1998–2010
Authors: Hearst Mary O. , Biskeborn Kristin , Christensen Mathew , Cushing Carrie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among white and American Indian children in a predominantly rural state.Design and Methods:Using a repeated, cross‐sectional design of school children's height and weight, the study sample included 361,352 measures of children who were 5.0–19.9 years, attending school across 13 academic calendar years. Trained staff measured height, weight, and recorded gender, age, and race. Data were voluntarily reported to the State Department of Health.Results:American Indian children consistently had higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to white children. Across the years, 16.3% of white students were overweight, whereas 19.3% of American Indian students were overweight. In addition, 14.5% of white children were obese and 25.9% of American Indian children were obese. Examining by rural versus urban schools, prevalence of overweight had been increasing among white male and female students and American Indian female students living in rural areas. Obesity is also increasing among rural white females and male and female American Indian children.Conclusions:The findings here suggest that although American Indian children are at higher risk, in general, compared to white children, rural populations in general are experiencing increases in childhood overweight and obesity. Targeted rural interventions beginning at an early age are necessary to improve the health of rural children, especially in American Indian communities.
VAT=TAAT‐SAAT: Innovative anthropometric model to predict visceral adipose tissue without resort to CT‐Scan or DXA
Authors: Samouda Hanen , Dutour Anne , Chaumoitre Kathia , Panuel Michel , Dutour Olivier , Dadoun Frédéric 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether a combination of a selected but limited number of anthropometric measurements predicts visceral adipose tissue (VAT) better than other anthropometric measurements, without resort to medical imaging.Hypothesis:Abdominal anthropometric measurements are total abdominal adipose tissue indicators and global measures of VAT and SAAT (subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue). Therefore, subtracting the anthropometric measurement the more correlated possible with SAAT while being the least correlated possible with VAT, from the most correlated abdominal anthropometric measurement with VAT while being highly correlated with TAAT, may better predict VAT.Design and Methods:BMI participants' range was from 16.3 to 52.9 kg m−2. Anthropometric and abdominal adipose tissues data by computed tomography (CT‐Scan) were available in 253 patients (18‐78 years) (CHU Nord, Marseille) and used to develop the anthropometric VAT prediction models.Results:Subtraction of proximal thigh circumference from waist circumference, adjusted to age and/or BMI, predicts better VAT (Women: VAT = 2.15 × Waist C − 3.63 × Proximal Thigh C + 1.46 × Age + 6.22 × BMI − 92.713; R2 = 0.836. Men: VAT = 6 × Waist C − 4.41 × proximal thigh C + 1.19 × Age − 213.65; R2 = 0.803) than the best single anthropometric measurement or the association of two anthropometric measurements highly correlated with VAT. Both multivariate models showed no collinearity problem. Selected models demonstrate high sensitivity (97.7% in women, 100% in men). Similar predictive abilities were observed in the validation sample (Women: R2 = 76%; Men: R2 = 70%). Bland and Altman method showed no systematic estimation error of VAT.Conclusion:Validated in a large range of age and BMI, our results suggest the usefulness of the anthropometric selected models to predict VAT in Europides (South of France).
Compulsive buying: Relationship with body mass index
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Chang Joy , Jewell Bryan , Marion Brandee E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Compulsive buying has historically been associated with various self‐regulatory disturbances, including eating pathology (e.g., binge eating). Therefore, a relationship between scores on a measure of compulsive buying, the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS), and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood was hypothesized.Design and Methods:Using a self‐report survey methodology in a cross‐sectional consecutive sample of convenience of 373 obstetrics/gynecology patients, correlations between CBS scores and BMI, both generally and with regard to race were examined.Results:A modest general correlation between CBS scores and BMI (r = 0.17, P < 0.01) was found. However, when these data were examined by race, CBS scores and BMI were significantly related among Caucasian women (r = 0.25, P < 0.01), but not in African American women (r = 0.04, P = n.s.).Conclusions:Findings indicate that compulsive buying is associated with increasing BMI in adulthood, particularly among Caucasian women.
Behavioral risk factors for obesity during health transition in Vanuatu, South Pacific
Authors: Dancause Kelsey Needham , Vilar Miguel , Wilson Michelle , Soloway Laura E. , DeHuff Christa , Chan Chim , Tarivonda Len , Regenvanu Ralph , Kaneko Akira , Lum J. Koji , Garruto Ralph M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe South Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu, like many developing countries, is currently experiencing a shift in disease burdens from infectious to chronic diseases with economic development. A rapid increase in obesity prevalence represents one component of this “health transition.”Objective: To identify behaviors associated with measures of obesity in Vanuatu.Design and Methods: Five hundred and thirty four adults from three islands varying in level of economic development were surveyed. Height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences; triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds; and percent body fat (%BF) by bioelectrical impedance were measured. Diet through 24‐h dietary recall and physical activity patterns using a survey were assessed. We analyzed prevalence of obesity and central obesity based on multiple indicators (body mass index, %BF, waist circumference, and waist‐to‐height ratio), and analyzed differences among islands and associations with behavioral patterns.Results: Obesity prevalence was lowest among rural and highest among suburban participants. Prevalence of central obesity was particularly high among women (up to 73.9%), even in rural areas (ranging from 14.7 to 41.2% depending on the measure used). Heavier reliance on animal protein and incorporation of Western foods in the diet—specifically, tinned fish and instant noodles—was significantly associated with increased obesity risk.Conclusions: Even in rural areas where diets and lifestyles remain largely traditional, modest incorporation of Western foods in the diet can contribute to increased risk of obesity. Early prevention efforts are thus particularly important during health transition. Where public health resources are limited, education about dietary change could be the best target for prevention.
Cortisol, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome: A cross‐sectional study of obese subjects and review of the literature
Authors: Abraham S.B. , Rubino D. , Sinaii N. , Ramsey S. , Nieman L.K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Circulating cortisol and psychosocial stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). To evaluate these relationships, a cross‐sectional study of 369 overweight and obese subjects and 60 healthy volunteers was performed and reviewed the previous literature.Design and Methods:Overweight and obese subjects had at least two other features of Cushing's syndrome. They underwent measurements representing cortisol dynamics (24 h urine cortisol excretion (UFC), bedtime salivary cortisol, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test) and metabolic parameters (BMI, blood pressure (BP); fasting serum triglycerides, HDL, insulin, and glucose). Subjects also completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). UFC, salivary cortisol, and weight from 60 healthy volunteers were analyzed.Results:No subject had Cushing's syndrome. UFC and dexamethasone responses were not associated with BMI or weight. However, salivary cortisol showed a trend to increase as BMI increased (P < 0.0001), and correlated with waist circumference (WC) in men (rs = 0.28, P = 0.02) and systolic BP in women (rs = 0.24, P = 0.0008). Post‐dexamethasone cortisol levels were weak to moderately correlated with fasting insulin (rs = −0.31, P = 0.01) and HOMA‐IR (rs = −0.31, P = 0.01) in men and systolic (rs = 0.18, P = 0.02) and diastolic BP (rs = 0.20, P = 0.009) in women. PSS results were higher in obese subjects than controls, but were not associated with cortisol or metabolic parameters. As expected, WC correlated with fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, and systolic BP (adjusted for BMI and gender; P < 0.01). Literature showed inconsistent relationships between cortisol and metabolic parameters.Conclusion:Taken together, these data do not support a strong relationship between systemic cortisol or stress and obesity or MS.
Measurement of waist circumference predicts coronary atherosclerosis beyond plasma adipokines
Authors: Bose Subhasish , Krishnamoorthy Parasuram , Varanasi Ajay , Nair Jayamohan , Schutta Mark , Braunstein Seth , Iqbal Nayyar , Schwartz Stanley , Clair Caitlin St. , Master Stephen R. , Rader Daniel J. , Reilly Muredach P. , Mehta Nehal N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:The association of plasma adipokines beyond waist circumference (WC) with coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, is unknown.Design and Methods:Asymptomatic Caucasian individuals from two community‐based cross‐sectional studies (n = 1,285) were examined and multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors was performed, then WC and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were added. Incremental value of each was tested with likelihood ratio testing.Results:Beyond traditional risk factors, WC (Tobit regression ratio 1.69, P < 0.001) and plasma leptin (1.57, P < 0.001) but not plasma adiponectin (P = 0.75) were independently associated with CAC. In nested models, neither adiponectin (χ2 = 0.76, P = 0.38) nor leptin (χ2 = 1.32, P = 0.25) added value to WC beyond traditional risk factors, whereas WC added incremental value to adiponectin (χ2 = 28.02, P < 0.0001) and leptin (χ2 = 13.58, P = 0.0002).Conclusion:In the face of important biomarkers such as plasma adiponectin and leptin, WC remained a significant predictor of CAC beyond traditional risk factors underscoring the importance of WC measurement during cardiovascular risk assessment.
Prediction of measured weight from self‐reported weight was not improved after stratification by body mass index
Authors: May Anne M. , Barnes Daniel R. , Forouhi Nita G. , Luben Robert , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Sharp Stephen J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Self‐reported weight may underestimate measured weight. Researchers have tried to reduce the error using statistical models to predict weight from self‐reported weight. We investigate whether deriving equations within separate BMI categories improves the prediction of weight compared with an equation derived regardless of an individual's BMI.Design and Methods:The analysis included self‐reported and measured data from 20,536 individuals participating in the EPIC‐Norfolk study. In a derivation set (n = 15,381) two approaches were used to predict weight from self‐reported weight: (1) using a linear regression model with measured weight as outcome and self‐reported weight and age as predictors, and (2) using the same model fit separately within 3 strata defined by BMI (< 25, 25‐30, ≥30 kg m−2). The performance of these approaches was assessed in a validation set (n = 5,155). Measured weight was compared to self‐reported weight and predicted weight.Results:Self‐reported weight underestimated measured weight (P < 0.0001): mean difference −1.2 ± 3.1 kg (men), −1.3 ± 2.5 kg (women). Underestimation was greater in obese participants (P < 0.0001). Predicted weight using approach 1 was not significantly different from measured weight (P < 0.05). However, in individuals with BMI < 25 kg m−2, weight was overestimated in men (0.90 ± 3.87 kg) and women (0.57 ± 2.06 kg), but underestimated in overweight (−0.29 ± 3.58, −0.20 ± 2.62 kg) and obese (−1.46 ± 5.05 kg, −0.73 ± 3.54 kg) men and women.Conclusions:Using separate prediction equations in strata of BMI did not further improve prediction of weight. In conclusion, predicted weight was closer to measured weight compared with self‐reported weight, but using equations derived in strata of BMI did not further improve the prediction and are not recommended for prediction of weight.
Retinol binding protein‐4 circulating levels were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease vs. histologically normal liver from morbidly obese women
Authors: Terra Ximena , Auguet Teresa , Broch Montserrat , Sabench Fàtima , Hernández Mercè , Pastor Rosa M. , Quesada Isabel M. , Luna Anna , Aguilar Carmen , del Castillo Daniel , Richart Cristóbal 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:We aimed to analyze the retinol binding protein‐4 (RBP4) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in adipose tissues and liver of morbidly obese (MO) women with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to study the relationships with other pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipokines in vivo and in vitro.Design and Methods:We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and liver samples from four lean and 45 MO women with or without NAFLD by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR. We also studied RBP4 expression in HepG2 hepatocytes under various inflammatory stimuli.Results:Circulating RBP4 levels were higher in MO women, and specifically, in MO subjects with NAFLD compared with normal liver controls (lean and MO). RBP4 liver expression was higher in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)‐moderate/severe than in NASHmild. Overall RBP4 gene expression was higher in liver than in adipose tissues. Among them, the higher expression corresponded to SAT. VAT expression was lower in the MO cohort. In HepG2, RBP4 mRNA expression was reduced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and increased by adiponectin treatment.Conclusions:The results obtained in MO women with NAFLD, brings up the use of RBP4 and other adipokines as a panel of noninvasive molecular biomarkers when NAFLD is suspected. Further studies are needed with other obesity groups.
Effect of varying accelerometry criteria on physical activity: The look ahead study
Authors: Miller Gary D. , Jakicic John M. , Rejeski W. Jack , Whit‐Glover Melicia C. , Lang Wei , Walkup Michael P. , Hodges Mimi L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe importance of physical activity in weight management is widely documented. Although accelerometers offer an objective measure of activity that provide a valuable tool for intervention research, considerations for processing these data need further development.Objective:This study tests the effects of using different criteria for accelerometry data reduction.Design and Methods:Data were obtained from 2,240 overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the Look AHEAD study, with 2,177 baseline accelerometer files used for analysis. Number, duration, and intensity of moderate (≥3 metabolic equivalents (METS)) and vigorous (≥6 METS) activity bouts were compared using various data reduction criteria. Daily wear time was identified as 1,440 min/day minus non‐wear time. Comparisons of physical activity patterns for non‐wear time (using either 20, 30, or 60 min of continuous zeros), minimal daily wear time (8, 10, and 12 h), number of days with available data (4, 5, and 6 days), weekdays vs. weekends, and 1‐ or 2‐min time interruptions in an activity bout were performed.Results:In this mostly obese population with T2DM (BMI = 36.4 kg/m2; mean age = 59.0 years), there were minimal differences in physical activity patterns using the different methods of data reduction. Altering criteria led to differences in the number of available data (sample size) meeting specific criteria.Conclusions:Although our results are likely directly applicable only to obese individuals with T2DM, an understudied population with regards to physical activity, the systematic analysis for data reduction employed can be more generalizable and provide guidance in this area in the absence of standard procedures.
Gestational and early life influences on infant body composition at 1 year
Authors: Chandler‐Laney Paula C. , Gower Barbara A. , Fields David A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractExcess weight gain during both pre‐ and postnatal life increases risk for obesity in later life. Although a number of gestational and early life contributors to this effect have been identified, there is a dearth of research to examine whether gestational factors and weight gain velocity in infancy exert independent effects on subsequent body composition and fat distribution.Objective:To test the hypothesis that birth weight, as a proxy of prenatal weight gain, and rate of weight gain before 6 months would be associated with total and truncal adiposity at 12 months of age.Design and Methods:Healthy, term infants (N = 47) were enrolled in the study and rate of weight gain (g/day) was assessed at 0‐3 months, 3‐6 months, and 6‐12 months.Results:Total and regional body composition were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 12 months. Stepwise linear regression modeling indicated that lean mass at 12 months, after adjusting for child length, was predicted by rate of weight gain during each discrete period of infancy (P < 0.05), and by maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI (P < 0.05). Total fat mass at 12 months was predicted by rate of weight gain during each discrete period (P < 0.01), and by older maternal age at delivery (P < 0.05). Trunk fat mass at 12 months, after adjusting for leg fat mass, was predicted by rate of weight gain from 0‐3 months and 3‐6 months (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Results suggest that growth during early infancy may be a critical predictor of subsequent body composition and truncal fat distribution.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a commercial diet and exercise weight loss program in minority breast cancer survivors
Authors: Greenlee Heather A. , Crew Katherine D. , Mata Jennie M. , McKinley Paula S. , Rundle Andrew G. , Zhang Wenfei , Liao Yuyan , Tsai Wei Y. , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is associated with poorer breast cancer outcomes and losing weight postdiagnosis may improve survival. As Hispanic and black women have poorer breast cancer prognosis than non‐Hispanic whites diagnosed at similar age and stage, and have higher rates of obesity, effective weight loss strategies are needed. We piloted a randomized, waitlist‐controlled, crossover study to examine the effects and feasibility of the commercial Curves weight loss program among Hispanic, African American and Afro‐Caribbean breast cancer survivors.Design and Methods:Women with stage 0–IIIa breast cancer ≥6 months posttreatment, sedentary, and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized to the immediate arm (IA): 6 months of the Curves program followed by 6 months of observation; or the waitlist control arm (WCA): 6 months of observation followed by 6 months of the Curves program. The Curves program uses a 30‐min exercise circuit and a high‐vegetable/low‐fat/calorie‐restricted diet.Results:A total of 42 women enrolled (79% Hispanic, 21% black), mean age 51 (range 32–69) and mean BMI 33.2(±5.9) kg/m2; 91% were retained at month 12. At month 6, women in the IA lost an average 3.3% (±3.5%) of body weight (range: 1.7% gain to 10.6% loss), as compared with 1.8% (±2.9%) weight loss in the WCA (P = 0.04). At month 12, on average women in the IA regained some but not all of the weight lost during the first 6 months (P = 0.02).Conclusions:Minority breast cancer survivors were recruited and retained in a weight loss study. Six months of the Curves program resulted in moderate weight loss, but weight loss was not maintained postintervention. Future interventions should identify methods to increase uptake and maintenance of weight loss behaviors.