bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of rotational temperature derived from ground‐based OH airglow observations with TIMED/SABER to evaluate the Einstein coefficients
Authors: Liu Weijun , Xu Jiyao , Smith A. K. , Yuan Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGround‐based observations of the OH(9–4, 8–3, 6–2, 5–1, and 3–0) band airglows over Xinglong, China (40°24′N, 117°35′E) from December 2011 to 2014 are used to calculate rotational temperatures. The temperatures are calculated using five commonly used Einstein coefficient data sets. The kinetic temperature from Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding the Atmosphere by Broadband Emission of Radiation (SABER) is completely independent of the OH rotational temperature. SABER temperatures are weighted vertically by weighting functions calculated for each emitting vibrational state from two SABER OH volume emission rate profiles. By comparing the ground‐based OH rotational temperature with SABER's, five Einstein coefficient data sets are evaluated. The results show that temporal variations of the rotational temperatures are well correlated with SABER's; the linear correlation coefficients are higher than 0.72, but the slopes of the fit between the SABER and rotational temperatures are not equal to 1. The rotational temperatures calculated using each set of Einstein coefficients produce a different bias with respect to SABER; these are evaluated over each of the vibrational levels to assess the best match. It is concluded that rotational temperatures determined using any of the available Einstein coefficient data sets have systematic errors. However, of the five sets of coefficients, the rotational temperature derived with Langhoff et al.'s (1986) set is most consistent with SABER. In order to get a set of optimal Einstein coefficients for rotational temperature derivation, we derive their ratios from ground‐based OH spectra and SABER temperatures statistically using 3 years of data. The use of a standard set of Einstein coefficients will be beneficial for comparing rotational temperatures observed at different sites.
Remote sensing‐based estimation of annual soil respiration at two contrasting forest sites
Authors: Huang Ni , Gu Lianhong , Black T. Andrew , Wang Li , Niu Zheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSoil respiration (Rs), an important component of the global carbon cycle, can be estimated using remotely sensed data, but the accuracy of this technique has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we proposed a methodology for the remote estimation of annual Rs at two contrasting FLUXNET forest sites (a deciduous broadleaf forest and an evergreen needleleaf forest). A version of the Akaike's information criterion was used to select the best model from a range of models for annual Rs estimation based on the remotely sensed data products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and root‐zone soil moisture product derived from assimilation of the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer soil moisture products and a two‐layer Palmer water balance model. We found that the Arrhenius‐type function based on nighttime land surface temperature (LST‐night) was the best model by comprehensively considering the model explanatory power and model complexity at the Missouri Ozark and BC‐Campbell River 1949 Douglas‐fir sites. In addition, a multicollinearity problem among LST‐night, root‐zone soil moisture, and plant photosynthesis factor was effectively avoided by selecting the LST‐night‐driven model. Cross validation showed that temporal variation in Rs was captured by the LST‐night‐driven model with a mean absolute error below 1 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 at both forest sites. An obvious overestimation that occurred in 2005 and 2007 at the Missouri Ozark site reduced the evaluation accuracy of cross validation because of summer drought. However, no significant difference was found between the Arrhenius‐type function driven by LST‐night and the function considering LST‐night and root‐zone soil moisture. This finding indicated that the contribution of soil moisture to Rs was relatively small at our multiyear data set. To predict intersite Rs, maximum leaf area index (LAImax) was used as an upscaling factor to calibrate the site‐specific reference respiration rates. Independent validation demonstrated that the model incorporating LST‐night and LAImax efficiently predicted the spatial and temporal variabilities of Rs. Based on the Arrhenius‐type function using LST‐night as an input parameter, the rates of annual C release from Rs were 894–1027 g C m−2 yr−1 at the BC‐Campbell River 1949 Douglas‐fir site and 818–943 g C m−2 yr−1 at the Missouri Ozark site. The ratio between annual Rs estimates based on remotely sensed data and the total annual ecosystem respiration from eddy covariance measurements fell within the range reported in previous studies. Our results demonstrated that estimating annual Rs based on remote sensing data products was possible at deciduous and evergreen forest sites.
Diagnosing DYNAMO convection with weak temperature gradient simulations
Authors: Sentić Stipo , Sessions Sharon L. , Fuchs Željka 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDetermining relationships between convective and environmental diagnostics can improve our understanding of mechanisms controlling tropical convection, and consequently, result in better representations of convection in coarsely resolved models. We identify important diagnostic relationships in observations taken during the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) campaign and perform weak temperature gradient (WTG) simulations of DYNAMO convection to determine if the observed relationships are reproduced in our model. We find that the WTG approximation models local changes in the diagnostics used in the study—precipitation rate, atmospheric stability, moisture, and gross moist stability (GMS)—and reproduces diagnostic relationships suggested in previous studies; an increase in precipitation rate is correlated with increased atmospheric moisture content, which, in turn, is correlated with greater atmospheric stability. Large‐scale atmospheric stability—changes of which might be related to balanced dynamics, we speculate—seems to be a candidate for a convective controlling mechanism. Observed and modeled interactions of local convection with the large‐scale environment—quantified by the GMS—are in agreement with the theory of Inoue and Back (2015b); the GMS increases from small, positive or negative, values during developing convection and further increases for decaying convection past a critical GMS found at peak precipitation rates, atmospheric stability, and moisture content. Understanding the link between the critical GMS and the diagnostics—still a standing problem—could further our understanding of interactions between local convection and the large‐scale environment.
A Combination of Metal and Organic Catalysis: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of Fluorinated 2‐Aminocyclopenta[b]pyran Derivatives
Authors: Peng Jiahuan , Zhao Bo‐Liang , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective protocol to access optically pure fluorine‐containing 2‐amino‐cyclopenta[b]pyran derivatives using Lewis acid catalysis and organocatalysis sequence has been developed. The corresponding products could be obtained in good to excellent yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity (up to 99:1 dr, >99% ee).magnified image
Visible Light‐Induced Radical Cyclization of Ethyl 2‐(N‐Arylcarbamoyl)‐2‐Chloroiminoacetates: Synthesis of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Li Dianjun , Ma Haichao , Yu Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper reveals that visible light irradiation with Ru(phen)3Cl2 as photocatalyst can induce ethyl 2‐(N‐arylcarbamoyl)‐2‐chloroiminoacetates to undergo NCl cleavage to give α‐(aminocarbonyl)iminyl radicals under an argon atmosphere. The subsequent cyclization of the thus formed iminyl radicals affords quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one products in good yield in the presence of an inorganic base such as Na2CO3. The reactions proceeded very well even without using a photocatalyst when DMF was used as the solvent. These protocols provide a new, simple method for the generation of iminyl radicals, and the reactions described herein constitute an efficient method for the synthesis of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives.magnified image
Biomolecular Fishing for Calixarene Partners by a Chemoproteomic Approach
Authors: Tommasone Stefano , Talotta Carmen , Gaeta Carmine , Margarucci Luigi , Monti Maria Chiara , Casapullo Agostino , Macchi Beatrice , Prete Salvatore Pasquale , Ladeira De Araujo Adriana , Neri Placido 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMS‐based chemical‐proteomics technology is introduced herein as a third general strategy to study the biomolecular recognition properties of given calixarene derivatives. In particular, we demonstrate that a simply designed calix[4]arene derivative 1 a bearing acetamido groups at the exo rim (pAC), when linked to a solid support, is able to fish out a specific protein (PDI protein) from a crude extract of HeLa cells. Western blot and surface plasmon resonance studies confirmed the direct interaction between PDI and the linker‐free pAC derivative 1 b with considerable affinity, and in vitro tests showed its inhibition of PDI chaperone activity. In accordance with the role of PDI in a variety of human cancers, biological tests showed that pAC 1 b was cytotoxic and cytostatic toward CAL‐27 and PC‐3 cancer cell lines in vitro. Docking studies showed that H bonds and hydrophobic interactions contribute to the stabilization of the PDI/pAC complex.
A Set of Activity‐Based Probes to Visualize Human (Immuno)proteasome Activities
Authors: de Bruin Gerjan , Xin Bo Tao , Kraus Marianne , van der Stelt Mario , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Kisselev Alexei F. , Driessen Christoph , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProteasomes are therapeutic targets for various cancers and autoimmune diseases. Constitutively expressed proteasomes have three active sites, β1c, β2c, and β5c. Lymphoid tissues also express the immunoproteasome subunits β1i, β2i, and β5i. Rapid and simultaneous measurement of the activity of these catalytic subunits would assist in the discovery of new inhibitors, improve analysis of proteasome inhibitors in clinical trials, and simplify analysis of subunit expression. In this work, we present a cocktail of activity‐based probes that enables simultaneous gel‐based detection of all six catalytic human proteasome subunits. We used this cocktail to develop specific inhibitors for β1c, β2c, β5c, and β2i, to compare the active‐site specificity of clinical proteasome inhibitors, and to demonstrate that many hematologic malignancies predominantly express immunoproteasomes. Furthermore, we show that selective and complete inhibition of β5i and β1i is cytotoxic to primary cells from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C7‐Functionalization of N‐Pivaloylindoles
Authors: Xu Lanting , Zhang Chao , He Yupeng , Tan Lushi , Ma Dawei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient rhodium‐catalyzed method for direct CH functionalization at the C7 position of a wide range of indoles has been developed. Good to excellent yields of alkenylation products were observed with acrylates, styrenes, and vinyl phenyl sulfones, whereas the saturated alkylation products were obtained in good yield with α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Both the N‐pivaloyl directing group and the rhodium catalyst proved to be crucial for high regioselectivity and conversion.
Ratio Control for Continuously Variable Transmissions with Minimal Sensor Configuration
Authors: Steinberger Martin , Horn Martin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a model‐based controller for an electrically actuated hybrid belt continuously variable transmission is developed. The main goal is to track a desired transmission ratio. A nonlinear model of the transmission dynamics is presented and an identification procedure for the unknown model parameters given. A control structure with two degrees of freedom is used to achieve the desired tracking performance. The proposed concept allows a straightforward realization of the control algorithm, the number of required sensors is reduced to a minimum. It is demonstrated by means of test rig experiments, that the proposed approach yields very satisfactory results over the entire operation range.
Decadal trends of the annual amplitude of global precipitation
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Xiaofan , Huang Yanyan , Zhai Guoqing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, decadal trends of the annual amplitude of global precipitation are compared in Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data sets. The analysis reveals decreasing trends in the CMAP and reanalysis data and a flat trend in the GPCP data. The decreasing trends are mainly associated with the increasing trend of low annual minimum precipitation rate in the CMAP data and high annual minimum precipitation rate in the reanalysis data. The trend in the GPCP data is flat because of the balance between decreasing trends along equatorial oceans and increasing trends over subtropical oceans.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of the antineoplastic agent lomustine based on the sensitizing effect of β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Fisli Hassina , Bensouilah Nadjia , Abdaoui Mohamed 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe effects of solvent dipolarity/polarizability and solvent–solute hydrogen bonding on the photophysical properties of the antineoplastic drug lomustine were analysed by means of the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) concept proposed by Kamlet and Taft. The LSER method enabled the overall solvent effects to be quantitatively estimated and separated into specific and non‐specific contributions. The molecular encapsulation of lomustine by β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) has been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of the binding parameter and the effect of the solvent used. It was concluded that β‐CD forms a 1:1 inclusional complex with lomustine in acetonitrile solution and its association constant was calculated to be 500 M−1. In addition, and for the first time, a simple, rapid and high sensitive fluorimetric method for the determination of lomustine was developed based upon the enhancement effect produced through complex formation with β‐CD. The new approach for the quantification of lomustine in the presence of β‐CD was described in aqueous and organic solutions. Better limits of detection (0.31 µg ml−1) and quantification (1.05 µg ml−1) were obtained in aqueous solution with respect to those obtained in organic solvent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Signals of Synthetic Disaccharide Derivatives Dominate Rhamnolipids at Controlling Multiple Bacterial Activities
Authors: Singh Nischal , Shetye Gauri S. , Zheng Hewen , Sun Jiayue , Luk Yan‐Yeung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMicrobes secrete molecules that modify their environment. Here, we demonstrate a class of synthetic disaccharide derivatives (DSDs) that mimics and dominates the activity of naturally secreted rhamnolipids by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The DSDs exhibit the dual function of activating and inhibiting the swarming motility through a concentration‐dependent activity reversal that is characteristic of signaling molecules. Whereas DSDs tethered with a saturated farnesyl group exhibit inhibition of both biofilm formation and swarming motility, with higher activities than rhamnolipids, a saturated farnesyl tethered with a sulfonate group only inhibits swarming motility but promote biofilm formation. These results identified important structural elements for controlling swarming motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial adhesion and suggest an effective chemical approach to control intertwined signaling processes that are important for biofilm formation and motilities.
Endomyocardial biopsy safety and clinical yield in pediatric myocarditis: An Italian perspective
Authors: Brighenti Maurizio , Donti Andrea , Giulia Gagliardi Maria , Maschietto Nicola , Marini Davide , Lombardi Maristella , Vairo Ugo , Agnoletti Gabriella , Milanesi Ornella , Pongiglione Giacomo , Bonvicini Marco ,   on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Cardiology
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of this investigation is to evaluate the safety, the impact of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) results in myocarditis management and the incidence of different etiologies of myocarditis in a pediatric population.BackgroundAlthough EMB is an established diagnostic tool to evaluate suspected myocarditis, there is lack of clear diagnostic and management guidelines for myocarditis in pediatric patients, particularly in infants.MethodsWe performed a retrospective database review and subsequent outcomes analysis from five Italian pediatric cardiology centers to identify patients aged 0–18 years who underwent EMB for suspected myocarditis or inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICMP) between 2009 and 2011.ResultsEMB was performed in 41 children, of which 16 were male. The population ranged between 16 days of age to 17 years (mean age at EMB = 5.2 ± 4.9 years). The overall incidence of EMB‐related complications was 15.5% (31.2% in infants, and 6.8% in children > 1 year of age; P = 0.079) while the incidence of EMB‐driven treatment changes was 29.2%. Histological examination together with PCR on heart biopsy specimens allowed an etiological diagnosis in 26/41 patients (63%). Among the 15 patients (36.5%) with diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 11 had idiopathic DCM. Finally, we found an overall incidence of death/cardiac transplantation of 24%.ConclusionsIn a pediatric population with suspected myocarditis/ICMP, EMB was useful in confirming the diagnosis only in 41% of cases but showed an overall diagnostic power of 63%. As complications of EBM are not negligible, particularly in infants, the risk/benefit ratio should be taken into account in each patient. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer‐Supported Optically Active fac(S)‐Tris(thiotato)rhodium(III) Complex for Sulfur‐Bridging Reaction With Precious Metal Ions
Authors: Aizawa Sen‐Ichi , Tsubosaka Soshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe optically active mixed‐ligand fac(S)‐tris(thiolato)rhodium(III) complexes, ΔL‐fac(S)‐[Rh(aet)2(L‐cys‐N,S)]− (aet = 2‐aminoethanethiolate, L‐cys = L‐cysteinate) (1) and ΔLL‐fac(S)‐[Rh(aet)(L‐cys‐N,S)2]2− were newly prepared by the equatorial preference of the carboxyl group in the coordinated L‐cys ligand. The amide formation reaction of 1 with 1,10‐diaminodecane and polyallylamine gave the diamine‐bridged dinuclear Rh(III) complex and the single‐chain polymer‐supported Rh(III) complex with retention of the ΔL configuration of 1, respectively. These Rh(III) complexes reacted with Co(III) or Co(II) to give the linear‐type trinuclear structure with the S‐bridged Co(III) center and the two Δ‐Rh(III) terminal moieties. The polymer‐supported Rh(III) complex was applied not only to the CD spectropolarimetric detection and determination of a trace of precious metal ions such as Au(III), Pt(II), and Pd(II) but also to concentration and extraction of these metal ions into the solid polymer phase. Chirality 28:85–91, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Association of Transfer Rate From Hospitals Without Revascularization Capabilities and Mortality Risk for Older Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Shen Lan , Shah Bimal R. , Li Shuang , Thomas Laine , Wang Tracy Y. , Alexander Karen P. , Peterson Eric D. , He Ben , Roe Matthew T. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundInterhospital transfer invasive management patterns and implications for older non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients initially presenting to non–revascularization‐capable hospitals have not been explored.HypothesisPatients admitted to hospitals with a higher transfer proportion have lower risk of long‐term mortality.MethodsWe linked CRUSADE Registry data on 5678 patients age ≥65 years from 65 United States non–revascularization‐capable hospitals (2003–2006) with inpatient Medicare longitudinal claims. Hospitals were categorized according to hospital‐level patient transfer‐out rates, low (≤40%) vs high (>40%). The associations between transfer‐out rates and 30‐day, 6‐month, and 3‐year mortality risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsHospital‐level transfer‐out rates varied widely (median, 43%; interquartile range, 31%–54%). Compared with patients from low–transfer‐out hospitals (n = 2715), patients from high–transfer‐out hospitals (n = 2963) were more likely to be male, less likely to have renal insufficiency and prior heart failure, and had lower long‐term CRUSADE mortality risk scores. These patients also more commonly received evidence‐based acute medications before transfer and underwent subsequent revascularization after transfer. The adjusted risks of mortality at various time intervals were similar for those from high– vs low–transfer‐out hospitals: 30 days (hazard ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.79‐1.14), 6 months (0.97, 0.84‐1.12), and 3 years (1.01, 0.91‐1.11).ConclusionsTransfer rates for older NSTEMI patients vary widely among non–revascularization‐capable hospitals. Despite lower predicted mortality risk and higher rates of post‐transfer revascularization, patients from high–transfer‐out hospitals had a similar risk for short‐ and long‐term mortality compared with those from low–transfer‐out hospitals.
Design Principles for Peptide‐Amphiphile‐Induced Liposomal Receptor‐Targeting with Intracellular Thermosensitivity
Authors: Shroff Kamlesh , Liu Dalong , Aravalli Rajagopal N. , Forster Colleen L. , Pengo Thomas , Sanders Mark A. , Ebbini Emad S. , Kokkoli Efrosini 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThermosensitive stealth liposomes were created by mixing lipids and PEGylated lipids with single‐tail peptide‐amphiphiles. We demonstrated for the first time that the peptide‐amphiphiles provided receptor‐specific binding and cell internalization while inducing the thermosensitive properties of the liposomes. The formulations were stable at 37 °C in the presence of serum, with faster release of their encapsulated load at 41 °C compared to stealth liposomes without the peptide‐amphiphiles or commercially available thermosensitive stealth liposomes. The thermosensitive properties of our formulation were also examined in vivo. Preliminary work showed increased release of the encapsulated calcein after heating the liver of a mouse with a dual‐mode ultrasound array system for 20 s to 41–43 °C, 4 h after receiving tail vein injections of the liposomes, compared to a mouse that received the liposomal injections but no heating. The receptor‐targeting ability of the peptide‐functionalized liposomes was examined in vitro with MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Our liposomes outperformed the other formulations as they showed specific binding, receptor‐mediated endocytosis, and increased intracellular temperature‐triggered release of encapsulated calcein.