bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Geometric Chirality in Nanocrystals for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion
Authors: Fu Wenlong , Gao Qi , Zhang Chunyang , Tan Lili , Jiang Biao , Xiao Chengyu , Liu Maochang , Wang Peng‐peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvancing catalyst design is pivotal for the enhancement of photocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion. The incorporation of structural chirality into conventional inorganic solar hydrogen nanocatalysts promises a significant transformation in catalysis, a feature absent in this field. Here we unveil the unexplored potential of geometric chirality by creating a chiral composite that integrates geometric chiral Au nanoparticles (NPs) with two‐dimensional C3N4 nanosheets, significantly boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution beyond the achiral counterparts. The superior performance is driven by the geometric chirality of Au NPs, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation through the favorable C3N4‐chiral Au NP interface and chiral induced spin polarization, and exploits high‐activity facets within the concave surfaces of chiral Au NPs. The resulting synergistic effect leads to a remarkable increase in photocatalytic H2 evolution, with an apparent quantum yield of 44.64 % at 400 nm. Furthermore, we explore the selective polarized photo‐induced carrier separation behavior, revealing a distinct chiral‐dependent photocatalytic HER performance. Our work advances the design and utilization of chiral inorganic nanostructures for superior performance in energy conversion processes.
Structure‐Controlled Interpenetrated MOF@COF via C−C Linkage for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Suxin , Kuang Yixin , Yang Huangsheng , Gan Liwu , Feng Xiaoying , Mao Cheng , Chen Luyi , Zheng Juan , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiversifying the connecting junctions will be feasible for the controllable collaboration of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to rationally design multifunction‐integrated heterostructures with enhanced performance, yet it is in the nascent stage. Herein, by intelligently exploiting the polymerization of vinyl group, C−C bond is innovatively introduced to construct the core–shell MOF@COF heterostructures with adjustable shell thickness and rare interpenetrated structure. The unique structure endows prepared C−C‐linked MIL‐68@COF−Vs with more superior visible‐light harvesting and photogenerated carrier separation capability, leading to significantly higher photocatalytic activity and faster degradation rate than pristine MIL‐68‐C=Cs, COF−V, and imine‐linked MIL‐68‐NH2@COF−V. Further, the customized MIL‐68@COF−V is in situ grown as reusable films with dramatically boosted performance under ambient conditions, which realize the highly efficient degradation of tetracycline within 15 min (96.5 %), rhodamine 6G within 25 min (97.6 %), and phenol within 40 min (95.3 %) by solar drive. This work exhibits the distinctive advantages of C−C junction in the MOF@COF construction, and highlights the application prospect of rational‐designed heterostructure in the treatment of persistent organic pollutants.
A Highly Stable and Non‐Flammable Deep Eutectic Electrolyte for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Li , Xu Ao , Cheng Yu , Xu Hantao , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are regarded as one of the next‐generation electrolytes to promote the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their unparalleled advantages compared to both liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes. However, its application in LMBs is limited by electrode interface compatibility. Here, we introduce a novel solid dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN)‐based DEE induced by N coordination to dissociate LiTFSI. We confirmed that the DMMN molecule can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI by the interaction between the N atom and Li+, and form the hydrogen bond with TFSI− anion, which can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI to form DEE. More importantly, due to the absence of active α‐hydrogen, DMMN exhibits greatly enhanced reduction stability with Li metal, resulting in favorable electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility. Polymer electrolytes based on this DEE exhibit high ionic conductivity (0.67 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), high oxidation voltage (5.0 V vs. Li+/Li), favorable interfacial stability, and nonflammability. Li‖LFP and Li‖NCM811 full batteries utilizing this DEE polymer electrolyte exhibit excellent long‐term cycling stability and excellent rate performance at high rates. Therefore, the new DMMN‐based DEE overcomes the limitations of traditional electrolytes in electrode interface compatibility and opens new possibilities for improving the performance of LMBs.
DNA barcoding and morphological characterization of marine stingrays (genus Fontitrygon) from the African Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Oladipo Segun Olayinka , Ayoola Adeola Oluwakemi , Ross Keshawn , Edah Bernard , Adelakun Kehinde Moruf , Mustapha Moshood K. , Adous Carine , Gourène Béatrice , Diop Mamadou , Kamla Aristide Takoukam , Dieudonne Wongibe Poupezo , Nneji Ifeanyi Christopher , Akinsemolu Adenike Adebukola , Durand Jean‐Dominique , Nneji Lotanna Micah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The coastal marine stingrays (genus Fontitrygon) include two endemic and highly threatened species (Fontitrygon margaritella and Fontitrygon margarita) from the African Gulf of Guinea. However, the lack of robust diagnostic features due to similar external features hinders species identification, thus limiting species‐specific conservation efforts.
The present study aims to examine the morphological characteristics and apply a DNA barcoding tool through amplifying mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) to accurately identify F. margaritella and F. margarita from coastal waters in Nigeria, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau and Senegal.
Morphological evaluation revealed differences in colour pattern, eye shade, mouth shape and pectoral radial count between F. margarita and F. margaritella. We generated 25 mtCOI barcode sequences that included F. margaritella (n = 22) and F. margarita (n = 3). Our query search in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) showed a sequence match of our newly collected F. margaritella with other F. margaritella in the global databases, while mtCOI sequences of F. margarita were new to the NCBI GenBank and BOLD databases. The phylogenetic clustering analyses based on the maximum‐likelihood tree grouped morphospecies into highly supported monophyletic units.
Our study demonstrates the potential of combined molecular and morphological approaches in the identification of coastal marine stingrays from the Gulf of Guinea. Our study is helpful in future scientific studies and in forming future conservation plans.
Composition and abundance of midgut plasma membrane proteins in two major hemipteran vectors of plant viruses, Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae
Authors: Jiménez Jaime , Mishra Ruchir , Wang Xinyue , Magee Ciara M. , Bonning Bryony C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMultiple species within the order Hemiptera cause severe agricultural losses on a global scale. Aphids and whiteflies are of particular importance due to their role as vectors for hundreds of plant viruses, many of which enter the insect via the gut. To facilitate the identification of novel targets for disruption of plant virus transmission, we compared the relative abundance and composition of the gut plasma membrane proteomes of adult Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), representing the first study comparing the gut plasma membrane proteomes of two different insect species. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from dissected guts, and proteins extracted, identified and quantified from triplicate samples via timsTOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1699 B. tabaci and 1175 M. persicae proteins were identified. Following bioinformatics analysis and manual curation, 151 B. tabaci and 115 M. persicae proteins were predicted to localize to the plasma membrane of the gut microvilli. These proteins were further categorized based on molecular function and biological process according to Gene Ontology terms. The most abundant gut plasma membrane proteins were identified. The ten plasma membrane proteins that differed in abundance between the two insect species were associated with the terms “protein binding” and “viral processes.” In addition to providing insight into the gut physiology of hemipteran insects, these gut plasma membrane proteomes provide context for appropriate identification of plant virus receptors based on a combination of bioinformatic prediction and protein localization on the surface of the insect gut.
SVM‐Jacobi for fitting linear combinations of exponential distributions with applications to finance and insurance
Authors: Han Xixuan , Wei Boyu , Yang Hailiang , Zhao Qian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose a method called SVM‐Jacobi to approximate probability distributions by linear combinations of exponential distributions, associated with a comprehensive asymptotic analysis. In multivariate cases, the multivariate distribution is approximated by linear combinations of products of independent exponential distributions, and the method works effectively. The proposed method has many applications in both quantitative finance and insurance, especially for modeling random time, like default time and remaining lifetime. In addition to the methodology and theoretical analysis, we provide examples of pricing defaultable bonds, European options, credit default swaps, equity‐linked death benefits, and calculating the credit value adjustment of credit default swaps. Finally, some numerical results based on real data and simulated data are presented for illustration.
Flame‐Retardant Polymer Electrolyte for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Huiting , Tian Wenyue , Chen Xuchun , Li Zhaopeng , Liu Pei , Wang Qinglun , Nie Xinming , Wang Qinghong , Jiao Lifang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries present an appealing option for large‐scale energy storage applications due to their high natural abundance and low production costs. However, the safety issue remains a major obstacle in current development, primarily owing to the use of liquid electrolytes (LEs), which can lead to leakage and combustion. To achieve both high energy density and enhanced safety, researchers are increasingly focusing on solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered notable attention due to their superior mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability. Nonetheless, traditional SPEs can also undergo combustion and decomposition under extreme conditions due to polymer inherent flammability. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research and design flame‐retardant SPEs in order to enhance their reliability and safety in practical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying battery thermal runaway and offers guidance for designing batteries with enhanced safety. In addition to reviewing recent advancements in flame‐retardant polymer solid‐state sodium battery research, it also presents a systematic classification and introduction of studies on high‐safety polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, it delves into diverse perspectives and approaches towards addressing the issue of safety in polymer sodium battery, ultimately outlining future research directions for this particular field.
Chinese PhD candidates in British universities: Understanding the practices of international doctorate students
Authors: Lou Chenyiman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to the themes expounded by Deuchar (2022; British Educational Research Journal, 48, 504‐518) concerning international students’ strengths, contributions, and practices in higher education by focusing on the experiences and practices of Chinese doctoral students across four English higher education institutions. The investigation deploys Bourdieu's tools of habitus, field and capital to understand how these students employ their capital and skills in the process of sense‐making in the English field. The findings revealed that Chinese students displayed signs of confrontation during their initial interaction with the English institutional milieu, stemming from discrepancies between the forms of capital and norms valued in the British system and those encouraged and developed within the Chinese system. However, interpretations of these challenges among Chinese students were not uniform. Their practices and responses to these challenges also exhibited variability, which provides insights into the evolving and enduring aspects of their habitus. The study advocates moving beyond a homogeneous ‘deficit’ view that focuses on what Chinese students ostensibly lack, built on the assumed norm of Western modes of thinking and learning. Instead, it emphasises recognising the strengths and unique capacities, such as their linguistic repertoire, developed in the Chinese system. This perspective could provide policymakers and stakeholders with valuable insights into recognising Chinese students as agentive and diverse actors, thus better supporting and protecting their interests. This, in turn, could unleash their potential and facilitate greater academic contributions in their respective disciplines.
A brief chronicle of research on human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pera Martin F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractToday, human pluripotent stem cell technologies find widespread application across biomedical research, as models for early human development, as platforms for functional human genomics, as tools for the study of disease, drug screening and toxicology, and as a renewable source of cellular therapeutics for a range of intractable diseases. The foundations of this human pluripotent stem cell revolution rest on advances in a wide range of disciplines, including cancer biology, assisted reproduction, cell culture and organoid technology, somatic cell nuclear transfer, primate embryology, single‐cell biology, and gene editing. This review surveys the slow emergence of the study of human pluripotency and the exponential growth of the field during the past several decades.
The yin and yang of pioneer transcription factors: Dual roles in repression and activation
Authors: Katsuda Takeshi , Sussman Jonathan H. , Zaret Kenneth S. , Stanger Ben Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPioneer transcription factors, by virtue of their ability to target nucleosomal DNA in silent chromatin, play crucial roles in eliciting cell fate decisions during development and cellular reprogramming. In addition to their well‐established role in chromatin opening to activate gene expression programs, recent studies have demonstrated that pioneer factors have the complementary function of being able to silence the starting cell identity through targeted chromatin repression. Given recent discoveries regarding the repressive aspect of pioneer function, we discuss the basis by which pioneer factors can suppress alternative lineage programs in the context of cell fate control.
Quantification of nisin concentration from fluorescence‐based antimicrobial activity assay using Bayesian calibration
Authors: Steier Valentin , Osthege Michael , Helleckes Laura M. , Siska Maximilian , von Lieres Eric , Wiechert Wolfgang , Reich Sebastian J. , Riedel Christian U. , Oldiges Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides with the innate ability to kill or inhibit growth of other bacteria. In recent years, bacteriocins have received increased interest, as their antimicrobial activity enhances food safety and shelf life by combatting pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. They also have application potential as an active pharmaceutical compound to combat multidrug‐resistant pathogens. As new bacteriocins continue to be discovered, accelerated workflows for screening, identification, and process development have been developed. However, antimicrobial activity measurement is often still limited with regards to quantification and throughput. Here, we present the use of a non‐linear calibration model to infer nisin concentrations in cultivation supernatants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis B1629 using readouts of pHluorin2 fluorescence‐based antimicrobial activity assays.
Feasibility of whole‐body MRI for cancer screening in children and young people with ataxia telangiectasia: A mixed methods cross‐sectional study
Authors: Neves Renata , Panek Rafal , Clarkson Katie , Panagioti Ouliana , Fernandez Natasha Schneider , Wilne Sophie , Suri Mohnish , Whitehouse William P. , Jagani Sumit , Dandapani Madhumita , Glazebrook Cris , Dineen Robert A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtaxia telangiectasia (A‐T) is an inherited multisystem disorder with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation and elevated cancer risk. Although other cancer predisposition syndromes have established cancer screening protocols, evidence‐based guidelines for cancer screening in A‐T are lacking. This study sought to assess feasibility of a cancer screening protocol based on whole‐body MRI (WB‐MRI) in children and young people with A‐T.Design/MethodsChildren and young people with A‐T were invited to undergo a one‐off non‐sedated 3‐Tesla WB‐MRI. Completion rate of WB‐MRI was recorded and diagnostic image quality assessed by two experienced radiologists, with pre‐specified success thresholds for scan completion of >50% participants and image quality between acceptable to excellent in 65% participants. Positive imaging findings were classified according to the ONCO‐RADS system. Post‐participation interviews were performed with recruited families to assess the experience of participating and feelings about waiting for, and communication of, the findings of the scan.ResultsForty‐six children and young people with A‐T were identified, of which 36 were eligible to participate, 18 were recruited and 16 underwent WB‐MRI. Nineteen parents participated in interviews. Fifteen participants (83%) completed the full WB‐MRI scan protocol. The pre‐specified image quality criterion was achieved with diagnostic images obtained in at least 93% of each MRI sequence. Non‐malignant scan findings were present in 4 (25%) participants. Six themes were identified from the interviews: (1) anxiety is a familiar feeling, (2) the process of MRI scanning is challenging for some children and families, (3) preparation is essential to reduce stress, (4) WB‐MRI provides the reassurance about the physical health that families need, (5) WB‐MRI experience turned out to be a positive experience and (6) WB‐MRI allows families to be proactive.ConclusionThis study shows that WB‐MRI for cancer screening is feasible and well‐accepted by children and young people with A‐T and their families.
Motor and sensory impairment in survivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE)
Authors: Rodwin Rozalyn L. , Wang Fang , Lu Lu , Li Zhenghong , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Phillips Nicholas S. , Khan Raja B. , Brinkman Tara M. , Krull Kevin R. , Boop Frederick A. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Merchant Thomas E. , Gajjar Amar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors can develop motor and sensory impairment from their cancer and treatment history. We estimated the prevalence of motor and sensory impairment in survivors compared with controls through clinical assessment and identified associated treatment exposures and functional, quality of life (QOL), and social outcomes.MethodsSurvivors of childhood CNS tumors from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (n = 378, median [range] age 24.0 [18.0–53.0] years, 43.4% female) ≥5 years from diagnosis and controls (n = 445, median [range] age 34.0 [18.0–70.0] years, 55.7% female) completed in‐person evaluation for motor and sensory impairment using the modified Total Neuropathy Score. Impairment was graded by modified Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Multivariable models estimated associations between grade ≥2 motor/sensory impairment, individual/treatment characteristics, and secondary outcomes (function by Physical Performance Test, fitness by physiologic cost index, QOL by Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form‐36 physical/mental summary scores, social attainment).ResultsGrade ≥2 motor or sensory impairment was more prevalent in survivors (24.1%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 19.8%–29.4%) than controls (2.9%, CI 1.4–4.5%). Among survivors, in multivariable models, motor impairment was associated with vinca exposure <15 mg/m2 versus none (OR 4.38, CI 1.06–18.08) and etoposide exposure >2036 mg/m2 versus none (OR 12.61, CI 2.19–72.72). Sensory impairment was associated with older age at diagnosis (OR 1.09, CI 1.01–1.16) and craniospinal irradiation versus none (OR 4.39, CI 1.68–11.50). There were lower odds of motor/sensory impairment in survivors treated in the year 2000 or later versus before 1990 (Motor: OR 0.29, CI 0.10–0.84, Sensory: OR 0.35, CI 0.13–0.96). Motor impairment was associated with impaired physical QOL (OR 2.64, CI 1.22–5.72).ConclusionsIn survivors of childhood CNS tumors, motor and sensory impairment is prevalent by clinical assessment, especially after exposure to etoposide, vinca, or craniospinal radiation. Treating motor impairment may improve survivors' QOL.
A Comprehensive Strategy for Metabolites Profiling of Flowers and Leaves from Camellia tienii, an Endemic Golden Tea of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong‐Nhi , Le Hoang‐Linh , Gontier Eric , Hoang Thi Hong‐Cam , Le Thi Van‐Anh , Mai Nga T. P. , Nguyen Thi Kieu‐Oanh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGolden camellia is defined as a species of the Camellia genus with yellow flowers, which have long been used as a medicine, food, and cosmetic in many Asian countries. To date, more than 50 golden camellia species are considered endemic in Vietnam; however, more information is needed about its chemical constituents and biological activity. This work aims to unveil the potential of Camellia tienii Ninh, a golden camellia species, as an herbal beverage by examining the presence and abundance of chemical components in flowers and leaves. A comprehensive strategy has been developed using both liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Specifically, LC–MS‐based widely targeted analyses were opted to characterize 158 polar metabolites belonging mainly to flavonoids, catechins, and amino acids classes, and an untargeted approach using GC–MS annotated 42 major volatile compounds such as terpenes and fatty acids. The extensive profile revealed by these techniques could help understand the significant discrimination between two organs. C. tienii flowers accumulated more flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids, while leaves contain more terpenes, suggesting different pharmacological properties of these materials. Overall, this pipeline can be applied for other Camellia species and valorization of these valuable resources for health benefits purposes.