bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversifying instruction and shifting authority: A cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) analysis of classroom participant structures
Authors: Patchen Terri , Smithenry Dennis W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent calls asking science teachers to increase student authority by diversifying instruction appear stalled by a lack of empirical evidence supporting the actual implementation of any such shifts. To better support the practical integration of more student‐directed inquiry into the science classroom, we consider one teacher's day‐to‐day praxis within the context of a yearlong chemistry curriculum. Using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) we analyze how the interplay of key classroom elements (i.e., the classroom community, subjects, division of labor, mediating artifacts, rules, objects, and outcomes) varies within and across three distinct participant structures, and thus shapes what students experience as science. We construct CHAT activity models of each of the participant structures in order to examine how the teacher's differentiated use of traditional classroom mechanisms (e.g., whole class discussions and critique) scaffolds students' developing ability to direct their own inquiries. Our study demonstrates how a teacher can link elements within and between a diverse set of participant structures in ways that systematically create real opportunities for student‐directed inquiry and collaboration while assuring students learn to act with disciplinary authority. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 606–634, 2014
A measurement‐based study of handover improvement through range expansion and interference coordination
Authors: Kuang Quan , Belschner Jakob , Bleicher Zarah , Droste Heinz , Speidel Joachim 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough the range expansion and inter‐cell interference coordination (ICIC) have been shown to successfully enhance the capacity and load balancing in the Heterogeneous Network, their impacts on the handover (HO) performance are not fully understood in existing studies. In this paper, a novel measurement‐based approach is adopted to investigate these issues, where the real measured data of the reference signal received power in a macro–pico co‐channel deployment are collected. Then the mobility performance in terms of the HO failure rate and ping‐pong rate is simulated with various ICIC schemes in the same reality environment. This has been made possible by modeling the possible HO failure events based on evaluating the downlink received signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio from reference signal received power. The simulation results indicate that range expansion together with ICIC can have positive or negative influences on macro‐to‐pico, pico‐to‐macro, pico‐to‐pico and macro‐to‐macro HOs in the Heterogeneous Network. The existing static ICIC or mobility‐based ICIC cannot handle the intra‐layer (pico‐to‐pico and macro‐to‐macro) interference, thus limiting their abilities to improve the mobility performance. Motivated by this, a dynamic‐ICIC‐aided HO procedure is proposed. The proposed HO enhancement method is more flexible and effective in mitigating both the inter‐layer and intra‐layer interference, outperforming the existing methods significantly. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ln9Al5Sn10: Aluminium Stannides of the Divalent Rare Earth Elements Yb and Eu. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chemical Bonding
Authors: Lang Britta , Röhr Caroline 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe isotypic aluminium stannides Ln9Al5Sn10 (Ln = Yb, Eu) are the first ternary compounds in the systems Yb‐Al‐Sn and Eu‐Al‐Sn. They were synthesized in the course of systematic experimental work on the phase stability along the sections LnAl2 – LnSn2 from the elements at maximum temperatures of 1170 K. Their crystal structures were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [both monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 2145.2(5)/2214.99(8), b = 1189.15(14)/1236.67(4), c = 1003.9(2)/1027.57(4) pm, β = 103.22(2)/103.300(3)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0492/0.0515 for Ln = Yb/Eu]. The two phases are isotypic to the respective calcium/strontium Al stannides. Their crystal structure can be best described as a complex three‐dimensional network, consisting of three different building units (motifs I, II, and III), which are connected by two‐bonded tin atoms (motif 0). The first motif is a planar zigzag chain of tin like in the CrB‐type structure of e.g. EuSn. Ladders of four‐bonded Al/Sn atoms (motif II) are also present in SrAl2 (KHg2 structure type). The trigonal‐bipyramidal units [Al3Sn2] of motif III, which can alternatively be described as three AlSn4 tetrahedra sharing one common edge, are also known from binary barium aluminides like Ba7Al10. In the Yb compound, this motif III is to a small extent of 17 % statistically substituted by an alternative but related motif IIIB, which consists of only two edge‐sharing AlSn4 tetrahedra. Despite the complex structure and some statistically occupied Al/Sn positions, the chemical bonding in the title compounds can be rationalized using the Zintl concept: Both the interpretation as aluminide/stannides and stannido‐aluminates results in only a minuscule difference between the formal charge of the Al/Sn polyanion and the charge sum of the divalent rare earth cations. FP‐LAPW bandstructure calculations of an ordered subgroup model of the europium compound confirm this interpretation in exhibiting a pronounced minimum of the tDOS slightly below the Fermi level.
Current Knowledge in Soybean Composition
Authors: Medic Jelena , Atkinson Christine , Hurburgh Charles R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown worldwide for its high protein and oil contents. Characterization of soybean seed components lends itself to understanding how soybean production can meet the needs of a growing world population. For this article, literature was reviewed and condensed to create a well‐rounded picture of the current understanding of structural, functional, and nutritional properties of soybean components. Natural variation in soybean protein, lipid, and carbohydrate components, as well as the minor constituents phytic acid and isoflavones, are mentioned. Environment‐ or genetic‐induced shifts in natural variation are described with respect to nutrition and functional improvements in soybean.
The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010
Authors: Baxter A. J. , Vos T. , Scott K. M. , Ferrari A. J. , Whiteford H. A. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundDespite their high prevalence, the global burden of anxiety disorders has never been calculated comprehensively. The new Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has estimated burden due to morbidity and mortality caused by any anxiety disorder.MethodPrevalence was estimated using Bayesian meta-regression informed by data identified in a systematic review. Years of life lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalent cases by an average disability weight based on severity proportions (mild, moderate and severe). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were then calculated and age standardized using global standard population figures. Estimates were also made for additional suicide mortality attributable to anxiety disorders. Findings are presented for YLDs, DALYs and attributable burden due to suicide for 21 world regions in 1990 and 2010.ResultsAnxiety disorders were the sixth leading cause of disability, in terms of YLDs, in both high-income (HI) and low- and middle-income (LMI) countries. Globally, anxiety disorders accounted for 390 DALYs per 100 000 persons [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 191–371 DALYs per 100 000] in 2010, with no discernible change observed over time. Females accounted for about 65% of the DALYs caused by anxiety disorders, with the highest burden in both males and females experienced by those aged between 15 and 34 years. Although there was regional variation in prevalence, the overlap between uncertainty estimates means that substantive differences in burden between populations could not be identified.ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are chronic, disabling conditions that are distributed across the globe. Future estimates of burden could be further improved by obtaining more representative data on severity state proportions.
Dynamics of the IFMIF very high-intensity beam
Authors: Nghiem P.A.P. , Chauvin N. , Comunian M. , Delferrière O. , Duperrier R. , Mosnier A. , Oliver C. , Simeoni W. , Uriot D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFor the purpose of material studies for future nuclear fusion reactors, the IFMIF deuteron beams present a simultaneous combination of unprecedentedly high intensity (2 × 125 mA CW), power (2 × 5 MW) and space charge. Special considerations and new concepts have been developed in order to overcome these challenges. The global strategy for beam dynamics design of the 40 MeV IFMIF accelerators is presented, stressing on the control of micro-losses, and the possibility of online fine tuning. Start-to-end simulations without and with errors are presented for the prototype accelerator. Considerations about conflicts between halo and emittance minimization are then discussed in this very high space charge context.
Kinematic analysis of a single-loop reconfigurable 7R mechanism with multiple operation modes
Authors: He Xiuyun , Kong Xianwen , Chablat Damien , Caro Stéphane , Hao Guangbo 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel one-degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) single-loop reconfigurable 7R mechanism with multiple operation modes (SLR7RMMOM), composed of seven revolute (R) joints, via adding a revolute joint to the overconstrained Sarrus linkage. The SLR7RMMOM can switch from one operation mode to another without disconnection and reassembly, and is a non-overconstrained mechanism. The algorithm for the inverse kinematics of the serial 6R mechanism using kinematic mapping is adopted to deal with the kinematic analysis of the SLR7RMMOM. First, a numerical method is applied and an example is given to show that there are 13 sets of solutions for the SLR7RMMOM, corresponding to each input angle. Among these solutions, nine sets are real solutions, which are verified using both a computer-aided design (CAD) model and a prototype of the mechanism. Then an algebraic approach is also used to analyse the mechanism and same results are obtained as the numerical one. It is shown from both numerical and algebraic approaches that the SLR7RMMOM has three operation modes: a translational mode and two 1-DOF planar modes. The transitional configurations among the three modes are also identified.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EUNETHTA CORE MODEL® IN LOMBARDIA: THE VTS FRAMEWORK
Authors: Radaelli Giovanni , Lettieri Emanuele , Masella Cristina , Merlino Luca , Strada Alberto , Tringali Michele 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:This study describes the health technology assessment (HTA) framework introduced by Regione Lombardia to regulate the introduction of new technologies. The study outlines the process and dimensions adopted to prioritize, assess and appraise the requests of new technologies.Methods:The HTA framework incorporates and adapts elements from the EUnetHTA Core Model and the EVIDEM framework. It includes dimensions, topics, and issues provided by EUnetHTA Core Model to collect data and process the assessment. Decision making is instead supported by the criteria and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis technique from the EVIDEM consortium.Results:The HTA framework moves along three process stages: (i) prioritization of requests, (ii) assessment of prioritized technology, (iii) appraisal of technology in support of decision making. Requests received by Regione Lombardia are first prioritized according to their relevance along eight dimensions (e.g., costs, efficiency and efficacy, organizational impact, safety). Evidence about the impacts of the prioritized technologies is then collected following the issues and topics provided by EUnetHTA Core Model. Finally, the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis technique is used to appraise the novel technology and support Regione Lombardia decision making.Conclusions:The VTS (Valutazione delle Tecnologie Sanitarie) framework has been successfully implemented at the end of 2011. From its inception, twenty-six technologies have been processed.
Disaster Health After The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Kako Mayumi , Arbon Paul , Mitani Satoko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe March 11, 2011 disaster was unparalleled in the disaster history of Japan. There is still enormous effort required in order for Japan to recover from the damage, not only financially, but psychosocially. This paper is a review of the studies that have been undertaken since this disaster, from after the March 11th disaster in 2011 to the end of 2012, and will provide an overview of the disaster-health research literature published during this period.MethodsThe Japanese database Ichushi Ver. 5 was used to review the literature. This database is the most frequently used database in Japanese health-sciences research. The keywords used in the search were “Higashi Nihon Dai-shinsai” (The Great East Japan Earthquake).ResultsA total of 5,889 articles were found. Within this selection, 163 articles were categorized as original research (gencho ronbun). The articles were then sorted and the top four key categories were as follows: medicine (n = 98), mental health (n = 18), nursing (n = 13), and disaster management (n = 10). Additional categories were: nutrition (n = 4), public health (n = 3), radiology, preparedness, and pharmacology (n = 2 for each category). Nine articles appeared with only one category label and were grouped as “others.”ConclusionThis review provides the current status of disaster-health research following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The research focus over the selected period was greatly directed towards medical considerations, especially vascular conditions and renal dialysis. Considering the compounding factors of the cold temperatures at the time of the disaster, the geography, the extensive dislocation of the population, and the demographics of an aging community, it is noteworthy that the immediate and acute impact of the March 11th disaster was substantial compared with other events and their studies on the impact of disaster on chronic and long-term illness. The complexity of damage caused by the earthquake event and the associated nuclear power plant event, which possibly affected people more psychologically than physically, might also need to be investigated with respect to long term objectives for improving disaster preparedness and management.KakoM, ArbonP, MitaniS. Literature review on disaster health after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(1):1-6.
Forty-three-year-old woman with mediastinal PEComa treated with chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Sheu Tommy , Wilson Joella , Carpenter Larry Steven 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe rarity of PEComa tumours has precluded any clinical trials, but surgery remains the most commonly reported treatment modality with just a few reports on treatment plans involving chemoradiation. We describe a patient with a mediastinal PEComa who presented with symptoms concerning for superior vena cava syndrome. She was deemed inoperable and was thus treated exclusively with chemoradiation therapy. The use of chemoradiation in the treatment of PEComa tumours is reviewed.
Flying beyond Gray's Anatomy: A psychologist's experience in palliative care and psycho-oncology
Authors: O'Brien Casey L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA clinical fellowship provides opportunities for health professionals to learn specialist skills from experienced mentors in “real-world” environments. In 2010–2011, I had the opportunity to complete a palliative care and psycho-oncology clinical fellowship in a public hospital. I found ways to integrate academic training into my practice and become a more independent psychologist. In this essay, I aim to share my experience with others and highlight key learnings and challenges I encountered. In providing psychosocial care, I learned to adapt my psychological practice to a general hospital setting, learning about the medical concerns, and life stories of my patients. I faced challenges navigating referral processes and had opportunities to strengthen my psychotherapy training. In the fellowship, I engaged in educational activities from the more familiar psychological skills to observing surgical teams at work. I also developed confidence facilitating groups and an interest in group psychological support for young adult offspring of people with cancer. I was able to engage participants with haematological cancer in qualitative research about their experiences of corticosteroid treatment. In this process, I came to understand the complexity of chemotherapy regimens. Overseeing my development were multiple supervisors, offering unique insights that I could take in and integrate with my personal practice and worldview. Throughout this process I became increasingly tuned into my own process, the impact of the work, and developed self-care routines to help disconnect from my day. I also reflected on my experiences of loss and grief and developed a deeper understanding of myself as a person. I use the metaphor of a parachuting journey to illustrate various aspects of my learning.
ON FLATTENING ELIMINATION RULES
Authors: OLKHOVIKOV GRIGORY K. , SCHROEDER-HEISTER PETER 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn proof-theoretic semantics of intuitionistic logic it is well known that elimination rules can be generated from introduction rules in a uniform way. If introduction rules discharge assumptions, the corresponding elimination rule is a rule of higher level, which allows one to discharge rules occurring as assumptions. In some cases, these uniformly generated elimination rules can be equivalently replaced with elimination rules that only discharge formulas or do not discharge any assumption at all—they can be flattened in a terminology proposed by Read. We show by an example from propositional logic that not all introduction rules have flat elimination rules. We translate the general form of flat elimination rules into a formula of second-order propositional logic and demonstrate that our example is not equivalent to any such formula. The proof uses elementary techniques from propositional logic and Kripke semantics.
Inserting Visions of Justice into a Contemporary History of International Law
Authors: SCOTT Shirley V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe history of international law is often told in terms of the rise and fall of great powers or as a mechanism of colonial subjugation. To the extent that these accounts consider justice, it is usually to demonstrate its absence. This paper points out that justice has been integral to the evolution of international law in the era of the United States. Individuals and members of civil society in the US and Europe have influenced systemic developments in international law through their efforts to realize a vision of justice in interstate relations, their vision being of a body of international law and a world court which together obviate the need for war. To suggest the possibility of an historical narrative constructed around justice is not to deny the validity of other histories focused on inequitable relations of power, but to point to the scope for nuance in the frameworks within which we portray international law and its history.
Identifying Druggable Targets by Protein Microenvironments Matching: Application to Transcription Factors
Authors: Liu T , Altman RB 
Published: January 2014

Druggability of a protein is its potential to be modulated by drug‐like molecules. It is important in the target selection phase. We hypothesize that: (i) known drug‐binding sites contain advantageous physicochemical properties for drug binding, or “druggable microenvironments” and (ii) given a target, the presence of multiple druggable microenvironments similar to those seen previously is associated with a high likelihood of druggability. We developed DrugFEATURE to quantify druggability by assessing the microenvironments in potential small‐molecule binding sites. We benchmarked DrugFEATURE using two data sets. One data set measures druggability using NMR‐based screening. DrugFEATURE correlates well with this metric. The second data set is based on historical drug discovery outcomes. Using the DrugFEATURE cutoffs derived from the first, we accurately discriminated druggable and difficult targets in the second. We further identified novel druggable transcription factors with implications for cancer therapy. DrugFEATURE provides useful insight for drug discovery, by evaluating druggability and suggesting specific regions for interacting with drug‐like molecules.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e93; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.66; published online 22 January 2014
Spin memristive magnetic tunnel junctions with CoO-ZnO nano composite barrier
Authors: Li Qiang , Shen Ting-Ting , Cao Yan-Ling , Zhang Kun , Yan Shi-Shen , Tian Yu-Feng , Kang Shi-Shou , Zhao Ming-Wen , Dai You-Yong , Chen Yan-Xue , Liu Guo-Lei , Mei Liang-Mo , Wang Xiao-Lin , Grünberg Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe spin memristive devices combining memristance and tunneling magnetoresistance have promising applications in multibit nonvolatile data storage and artificial neuronal computing. However, it is a great challenge for simultaneous realization of large memristance and magnetoresistance in one nanoscale junction, because it is very hard to find a proper spacer layer which not only serves as good insulating layer for tunneling magnetoresistance but also easily switches between high and low resistance states under electrical field. Here we firstly propose to use nanon composite barrier layers of CoO-ZnO to fabricate the spin memristive Co/CoO-ZnO/Co magnetic tunnel junctions. The bipolar resistance switching ratio is high up to 90 and the TMR ratio of the high resistance state gets to 8% at room temperature, which leads to three resistance states. The bipolar resistance switching is explained by the metal-insulator transition of CoO1−v layer due to the migration of oxygen ions between CoO1−v and ZnO1−v.
Biochemical and genetic characterization ofTrypanosoma cruzi N-myristoyltransferase
Authors: Roberts Adam J. , Torrie Leah S. , Wyllie Susan , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: January 2014

Co- and post-translational N-myristoylation is known to play a role in the correct subcellular localization of specific proteins in eukaryotes. The enzyme that catalyses this reaction, NMT (N-myristoyltransferase), has been pharmacologically validated as a drug target in the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei. In the present study, we evaluate NMT as a potential drug target in Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease, using chemical and genetic approaches. Replacement of both allelic copies of TcNMT (T. cruzi NMT) was only possible in the presence of a constitutively expressed ectopic copy of the gene, indicating that this gene is essential for survival of T. cruzi epimastigotes. The pyrazole sulphonamide NMT inhibitor DDD85646 is 13–23-fold less potent against recombinant TcNMT than TbNMT (T. brucei NMT), with Ki values of 12.7 and 22.8 nM respectively, by scintillation proximity or coupled assay methods. DDD85646 also inhibits growth of T. cruzi epimastigotes (EC50=6.9 μM), but is ~1000-fold less potent than that reported for T. brucei. On-target activity is demonstrated by shifts in cell potency in lines that over- and under-express NMT and by inhibition of intracellular N-myristoylation of several proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings suggest that N-myristoylation is an essential and druggable target in T. cruzi.