bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐CT evaluation of C‐shaped mandibular first premolars in a Brazilian subpopulation
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Monteiro Bramante C. , Gagliardi Minotti P. , Cavalini Cavenago B. , Gutmann J. L. , Moldauer B. I. , Versiani M. A. , Hungaro Duarte M. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo describe morphometric aspects of the internal anatomy of C‐shaped mandibular premolars from a Brazilian subpopulation using micro‐CT analysis.MethodologyFirst mandibular premolars with radicular grooves (n = 123) were scanned using a micro‐computed tomography system. After cross‐section analysis, 83 specimens were identified with a C‐shaped canal and selected for micro‐CT analysis. Number and location of canals according to Vertucci's classification, distances between anatomic landmarks, occurrence of apical deltas, furcation canals, prevalence of C‐shaped cross‐sections at five levels as well as 2‐dimensional analysis (Area, perimeter, roundness, aspect ratio, major and minor diameters) were performed for the more prevalent anatomical features. Data were compared statistically using Kruskal–Wallis tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe more prevalent anatomical types according to Vertucci's classification were Type I (13%), III (8%), V (37%) and VII (2%). Mean distances from the furcation to the cemento‐enamel junction were in the range of 5.36–5.65 mm. Apical deltas and furcation canals were present in 36 (43%) and 27 (33%) specimens, respectively. C‐shaped cross‐sections were more prevalent at the middle (56%) and apical middle levels (81%). Overall, significant differences were found in the 2‐dimensional analyses between single canals at the apical third and buccal and lingual canals of Vertucci's V classification (P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn this Brazilian subpopulation, C‐shaped canal configuration of the root canal system was found in 67% of extracted first mandibular premolars with radicular grooves. Vertucci's types I and V were the most prevalent anatomical variations. C‐shaped cross‐sections were more prevalent in the middle third, and the presence of apical deltas was the most common feature in the apical third.
Recombinant Ad35 adenoviral proteins as potent modulators of human T‐cell activation
Authors: Hay Joanne , Carter Darrick , Lieber André , Astier Anne L. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe protein CD46 protects cells from complement attack by regulating cleavage of C3b and C3d. CD46 also regulates the adaptive immune response by controlling T‐cell activation and differentiation. Co‐engagement of the T‐cell receptor and CD46 notably drives T‐cell differentiation by switching production of interferon‐γ to secretion of anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10. This regulatory pathway is altered in several chronic inflammatory diseases, highlighting its key role for immune homeostasis. The manipulation of the CD46 pathway may therefore provide a powerful means to regulate immune responses. Herein, we investigated the effect of recombinant proteins derived from the fibre knob of the adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) that uses CD46 as its entry receptor, on human T‐cell activation. We compared the effects of Ad35K++, engineered to exhibit enhanced affinity to CD46, and of Ad35K−, mutated in the binding site for CD46. Ad35K++ profoundly affects T‐cell activation by decreasing the levels of CD46 at the surface of primary T cells, and impairing T‐cell co‐activation, shown by decreased CD25 expression, reduced proliferation and lower secretion of interleukin‐10 and interferon‐γ. In contrast, Ad35K− acts a potent co‐activator of T cells, enhancing T‐cell proliferation and cytokine production. These data show that recombinant Ad35 proteins are potent modulators of human T‐cell activation, and support their further development as potential drugs targeting T‐cell responses.
Perfect match or missing link? An analysis of the representativeness of trade union representatives inBelgium
Authors: Wauters Bram , Mus Manu , Lannoo Steven , Devos Carl 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInsights from the representation literature were applied to industrial relations in order to study the representativeness of union officials. Based on a member‐survey in a majorBelgian trade union, we found that union representatives mirror quite well their followers in descriptive (except for gender) and substantive terms (issue congruence).
As Clear as MUD: Characteristics, Objectives, and Strategies of the Opposition in Bolivarian Venezuela
Authors: Cannon Barry 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSince President Hugo Chávez was first elected in 1998, the Venezuelan opposition seems to have alternated between institutional and extra-institutional power strategies at different junctures. To help explain this pattern, this article constructs a novel theoretical framework from critical readings of both general theory and accounts of the Venezuelan opposition. It proposes that the strategies should be viewed as dialectical rather than discrete. On this basis, it finds that while the Venezuelan opposition has undergone important changes toward institutionalization in its composition, discursive emphasis, and strategic direction, close readings of opposition texts, interviews with opposition actors, and observations of street demonstrations all reveal continuity with previous rupturist and extra-institutional tendencies. Both strategies therefore must be considered to achieve a fuller, more comprehensive vision of the Venezuelan opposition; this conclusion has important theoretical implications for the study of opposition in the wider region.
How interview questions are placed in time influences caregiver description of social communication symptoms on the ADI‐R
Authors: Jones Rebecca M. , Risi Susan , Wexler Diana , Anderson Deborah , Corsello Christina , Pickles Andrew , Lord Catherine 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundCaregiver report is crucial for the diagnosis of childhood onset psychiatric disorders, particularly autism. Three experiments were conducted to determine whether caregiver reports of past and current behaviors are affected by question timing and ordering.MethodsUsing the Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI‐R), two studies systematically varied the order in which caregivers were asked about behaviors. In a third study, descriptions of children's current behaviors at age 5 were compared to retrospective descriptions of behaviors at age 5 collected at age 10.ResultsCaregivers, who were first asked about a history of symptoms, described less severe past and present behavior than caregivers reporting current behaviors as well as caregivers reporting current and history of symptoms together. Caregivers retrospectively reported more severe behaviors for age 5 when their children were age 10 than they had when their children were age 5.ConclusionsCaregivers describe past behaviors differently depending on whether they are asked about current symptoms first. Methods of caregiver reporting can influence interpretations of symptom severity with effects on diagnoses and research findings.
Efficacy, safety and usability of secukinumab administration by autoinjector/pen in psoriasis: a randomized, controlled trial (JUNCTURE)
Authors: Paul C. , Lacour J.‐P. , Tedremets L. , Kreutzer K. , Jazayeri S. , Adams S. , Guindon C. , You R. , Papavassilis C. ,   the JUNCTURE study group
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSecukinumab is a fully human anti–interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody.ObjectiveDetermine the efficacy, safety and usability of secukinumab administered via autoinjector/pen.MethodsThis phase III trial randomized subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis to secukinumab 300 mg, 150 mg or placebo self‐injection once weekly to Week 4, then every 4 weeks. Co‐primary end points at Week 12 were ≥75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and clear/almost clear skin by investigator's global assessment 2011 modified version (IGA mod 2011 0/1). Secondary end points included autoinjector usability, assessed by successful, hazard‐free self‐injection and subject‐reported acceptability on Self‐Injection Assessment Questionnaire.ResultsWeek 12 PASI 75 and IGA mod 2011 0/1 responses were superior with secukinumab 300 mg (86.7% and 73.3%, respectively) and 150 mg (71.7% and 53.3%, respectively) vs. placebo (3.3% and 0%, respectively) (P < 0.0001 for all). All subjects successfully self‐administered treatment at Week 1, without critical use‐related hazards. Subject acceptability of autoinjector was high throughout 12 weeks. Adverse events were higher with secukinumab (300 mg, 70.0%; 150 mg, 63.9%) vs. placebo (54.1%), with differences largely driven by mild/moderate nasopharyngitis.ConclusionSecukinumab delivered by autoinjector/pen is efficacious, well‐tolerated and associated with high usability in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Quantitative morphological analysis of curvilinear network for microscopic image based on individual fibre segmentation (IFS)
Authors: QIU J. , LI F.‐F. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryMicroscopic images of curvilinear fibre network structure like cytoskeleton are traditionally analysed by qualitative observation, which can hardly provide quantitative information of their morphological properties. However, such information is crucially contributive to the understanding of important biological events, even helps to learn about the inner relations hard to perceive. Individual fibre segmentation–based curvilinear structure detector proposed in this study can identify each individual fibre in the network, as well as connections between different fibres. Quantitative information of each individual fibre, including length, orientation and position, can be extracted; so are the connecting modes in the fibre network, such as bifurcation, intersection and overlap. Distribution of fibres with different morphological properties is also presented. No manual intervening or subjective judging is required in the analysing process. Both synthesized and experimental microscopic images have verified that the detector is capable to segment curvilinear network at the subcellular level with strong noise immunity. The proposed detector is finally applied to the morphological study on cytoskeleton. It is believed that the individual fibre segmentation–based curvilinear structure detector can greatly enhance our understanding of those biological images generated from tons of biological experiments.
The autoimmune spectrum of myasthenia gravis: a Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Fang F. , Sveinsson O. , Thormar G. , Granqvist M. , Askling J. , Lundberg I. E. , Ye W. , Hammarström L. , Pirskanen R. , Piehl F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and the rate of concurrent autoimmune diseases in patients with MG.Design and settingUsing the Swedish health and population registers, during the period 2005–2010, we conducted a nested case–control study of patients with MG (n = 2045) with five age‐ and sex‐matched population‐based controls per case. Register‐based MG diagnosis was validated against the Stockholm MG Cohort. Similar nested case–control studies were conducted in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as a neuroinflammatory disease control, and siblings of patients with MG.Main outcome measureOdds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as a measure of the association between MG and other autoimmune diseases.ResultsThe prevalence of MG was 24.8/100 000, and patients with MG had an increased risk of another autoimmune disease compared to controls (22.0% vs. 8.9%; OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 2.49–3.20); this risk was stronger amongst younger persons and women. Polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Addison's disease, three conditions regulated by the HLA‐B8‐DR3 haplotype, were most strongly associated with MG, especially early‐onset disease. HLA typing in the Stockholm MG Cohort showed that early‐onset MG was indeed dominated by HLA‐B8‐DR3. The risk of another autoimmune disease was increased in both patients with MS and siblings of patients with MG, compared to their respective controls, but to a lesser extent than in patients with MG.ConclusionsOur results suggest that MG shares risk factors with other autoimmune diseases, to a greater degree than MS, with a particular role of the HLA‐B8‐DR3 haplotype, especially amongst younger and female patients.
Prevalence and distribution of oral mucosal lesions: a cross‐sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Feng Jinqiu , Zhou Zengtong , Shen Xuemin , Wang Yufeng , Shi Linjun , Wang Yijun , Hu Ye , Sun Hongying , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAn epidemiological study on the oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in general population from China was scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of OMLs in Shanghai, China and to evaluate their association with demographic factors and smoking/drinking habits based on a large scaled population on a wide spectrum.MethodsIn this population‐based cross‐sectional study, 11054 community‐dwelling individuals (M/F: 5140/5914; age range, 1–96 years) were randomly selected and examined according to WHO criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of OMLs was 10.8% in this study. A total of 1192 (M/F: 543/649; mean age, 56.9 years) individuals were presented with different types of OMLs. The most common type of OMLs was fissured tongue (prevalence of 3.15%), followed by recurrent aphthae (1.48%), traumatic ulcer (1.13%), and angular cheilitis (0.86%). The two most common potentially malignant disorders were oral lichen planus (0.81%) and leukoplakia (0.22%). Regression analysis revealed that the elderly age, smoking, and alcohol intake were statistically significant risk factors of OMLs with emphasis on leukokeratosis, leukoplakia, and lichen planus.ConclusionThe prevalence and distribution of OMLs were elucidated in an eastern area of China, and the importance of tobacco and alcohol in the pathogenesis of OMLs was evidenced. Our data have provided baseline information about epidemiologic aspects of OMLs that can be valuable in organized program targeting on oral health and hygiene.
Effect of methotrexate upon antigen‐induced arthritis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint
Authors: Rafayelyan Smbat , Meyer Philipp , Radlanski Ralf J. , Minden Kirsten , Jost‐Brinkmann Paul‐Georg , Präger Thomas M. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can cause severe growth disturbances of the craniomandibular system. Antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) of the rabbit TMJ is simulating the inflammatory process of the TMJ in JIA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a systemic administration of methotrexate (MTX) on AIA in rabbits by means of three different histological staining methods.MethodsAfter sensitization, a bilateral arthritis of the TMJ was induced by an intra‐articular administration of ovalbumin in 12 New Zealand white rabbits aged 10 weeks. From the 13th week of age, six of the 12 rabbits received weekly intramuscular injections of MTX, and the other six animals remained without therapy. Another six animals served as controls, receiving no treatment or intra‐articular injections at all. After euthanasia at the age of 22 weeks, all TMJs were retrieved en bloc. Sagittal sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin–eosin (H‐E), Safranin‐O for the evaluation of the Mankin score and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP).ResultsIn the arthritis group, a chronic inflammation with degeneration of the articular cartilage was visible. In the MTX group, the signs of cartilage degeneration were significantly reduced compared with the arthritis group. In contrast, the joints in the control group were inconspicuous. A correlation between the Mankin score and TRAP‐positive cells could be found.ConclusionsSystemic administration of MTX seems to have a positive effect upon the inflammatory process in the rabbit TMJ but fails to eliminate the sign of arthritis completely.
The effects of the supplementation of Bacillus subtilis RX7 and B2A strains on the performance, blood profiles, intestinal Salmonella concentration, noxious gas emission, organ weight and breast meat quality of broiler challenged with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Park J. H. , Kim I. H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of B. subtilis RX7 and B. subtilis B2A on growth performance, blood profiles, intestinal Salmonella population, noxious gas emission, organ weight and breast meat quality of broilers under S. typhimurium challenge. A total of 120, one‐day‐old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments, composed of six replications, with five birds per replication, for 10 day. The dietary treatment groups were negative control (NC; no antibiotic, no B. subtilis), positive control (PC; NC + 0.1% virginiamycin), B. subtilis RX7 (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis RX7 1.0 × 109 cfu/g) and B. subtilis B2A (NC + 0.1% B. subtilis 1.0 × 109 cfu/g). All birds were orally challenged with 2 ml suspension, containing 104 cfu/ml of S. typhimurium KCCM 40253. Results indicated that the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion did not differ, among all comparative treatments. Serum haptoglobin concentration was lower in Bacillus treatments (RX7 + B2A) than the NC treatment (p < 0.05). Intestinal and excreta Salmonella number, and excreta ammonia gas emission in the PC treatment or Bacillus treatments, was lower than the NC treatment (p < 0.05). Breast pH, colour and water‐holding capacity were not affected by supplementation of B. subtilis RX7 and B2A. However, drip loss at 1 day post‐slaughter from birds fed with B. subtilis RX7 and B2A decreased, compared with the positive control birds (p < 0.05). Relative gizzard weights of birds fed B. subtilis RX7 and B2A were significantly higher than the NC birds under S. typhimurium challenge. It is concluded from the results that B. subtilis RX7 and B2A increased the gizzard weight and decreased the intestinal and excreta Salmonella population and excreta ammonia gas, and drip loss of breast meat after being stored for 1 day, under stress caused by the S. typhimurium challenge.
Bladder Base Tenderness in the Etiology of Deep Dyspareunia
Authors: Nourmoussavi Melica , Bodmer-Roy Sonja , Mui Justin , Mawji Narissa , Williams Christina , Allaire Catherine , Yong Paul J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Bladder base tenderness can be present on pelvic exam in women with pelvic pain. However, its exact prevalence and clinical implications are not well understood.

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine whether bladder base tenderness is associated with specific symptoms or signs in women, particularly dyspareunia.

Methods
Retrospective review of 189 consecutive women seen by a gynecologist in 2012 at a tertiary referral center for pelvic pain was conducted. Associations were tested between bladder base tenderness and variables on history/examination using bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression.

Main Outcome Measure
Deep dyspareunia and superficial dyspareunia (present/absent) were the main outcome measures.

Results
Bladder base tenderness was present in 34% of pelvic pain patients (65/189), which was significantly greater than the prevalence of bladder base tenderness of 3% (1/32) in a control sample of women without pelvic pain (odds ratio [OR] = 16.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.17–121.7, Fisher exact test, P &lt; 0.001). For the pelvic pain patients, on bivariate analyses, bladder base tenderness was significantly associated with deep dyspareunia (P &lt; 0.001), superficial dyspareunia (P &lt; 0.001), bladder symptoms (P = 0.026), abdominal wall trigger point (P &lt; 0.001), and pelvic floor tenderness (P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, bladder base tenderness was similarly present in women with or without endometriosis. On logistic regression, bladder base tenderness was independently associated with only deep dyspareunia (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.25–32.7, P = 0.011), abdominal wall trigger point (OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.01–11.7, P = 0.037), and pelvic floor tenderness (OR = 8.22, 95% CI: 3.27–20.7, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Bladder base tenderness is present in one-third of women with pelvic pain, and contributes specifically to the symptom of deep dyspareunia. Bladder base tenderness was also associated with the presence of an abdominal wall trigger point and with pelvic floor tenderness, suggesting a myofascial etiology and/or nervous system sensitization.
Understanding nesting ecology and behaviour of green marine turtles at Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Abd Mutalib Aini Hasanah , Fadzly Nik , Ahmad Amirrudin , Nasir Nurolhuda 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we emphasize the importance of understanding the nesting ecology and nesting behaviour of green marine turtles (Chelonia mydas). Data were collected from 2007 until 2012 from nesting beaches at Setiu Terengganu, Malaysia. We focused on one of the beaches, Telaga Papan, based on data collected in 2012. We recorded the distribution of nesting areas, the emergence hour and the correlation between successful nesting attempts and false crawls. Telaga Papan had a significantly higher distribution of green marine turtle nesting compared with the other five beaches (ANOVA, F5,42 = 8.874, P < 0.01, mean = 36.750 ± 3.727). The highest number of successful nesting attempts was recorded in 2012 (mean = 28.714). A majority of the species landed between 22:00 and 23:59 h (25%). There was a strong correlation between successful nesting attempts and false crawls (rs = 0.883, P = 0.02). Based on these findings on the nesting ecology and nesting behaviour of green marine turtles, we suggest that scientific research, strict monitoring, awareness programs and policy implementation should be carried out proactively. Such activities are necessary to reduce the anthropogenic pressures at the nesting beaches as well as to ensure more successful nesting attempts of green marine turtles in Setiu.
Settlement and colonization of epi‐endobenthic communities on calcareous substrata in an underwater archaeological site
Authors: Casoli Edoardo , Ricci Sandra , Belluscio Andrea , Gravina Maria Flavia , Ardizzone Giandomenico 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUnderwater archaeological sites represent assets of great value that are subjected to physical and biological stresses. The study of biological settlement on calcareous substrata is the first step to understanding the biodeterioration processes that take place on man‐made structures (marble, statues, columns and other architectonic elements) in marine environments. To accomplish this objective, calcareous panels (30 × 30 × 2 cm) were immersed for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months along a north−south transect in marine protected areas of Baia (Naples). Both epilithic and endolithic assemblages were analysed: the latter was observed by scanning electron microscope after the cast‐embedding technique had been used. After 1 year the epilithic community was still changing, with algae and pioneer species overgrown by encrusting organisms, and the endolithic assemblage dominated by cyanobacteria/chlorophyte traces. Changes of epilithics lead changes on endolithics. The initial phototrophic borers were replaced by more sciophilous and competitive species; moreover, the first macroboring organisms arrived after the settlement of grazers. After 12 months of immersion, the rate of bioerosion was high, the material was deeply bored and all of the limestone surface was heavily covered.