bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory B cell frequency correlates with markers of HIV disease progression and attenuates anti-HIV CD8+ T cell function in vitro
Authors: Siewe Basile , Stapleton Jack T , Martinson Jeffrey , Keshavarzian Ali , Kazmi Nazia , Demarais Patricia M , French Audrey L , Landay Alan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A role for regulatory B cells is shown in HIV-pathogenesis, potentially impacting HIV cell-mediated control.
HIV infection is associated with elevated expression of IL-10 and PD-L1, contributing to impairment of T cell effector functions. In autoimmunity, tumor immunology, and some viral infections, Bregs modulate T cell function via IL-10 production. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that during HIV infection, Bregs attenuate CD8+ T cell effector function, contributing to immune dysfunction. We determined that in vitro, TLR2-, TLR9-, and CD40L-costimulated Bregs from HIV− individuals exhibited a high frequency of cells expressing IL-10 and PD-L1. Compared with Bregs from HIV− individuals, a significantly higher percentage of Bregs from HIV+ individuals spontaneously expressed IL-10 (P=0.0218). After in vitro stimulation with HIV peptides, Breg-depleted PBMCs from HIV+ individuals exhibited a heightened frequency of cytotoxic (CD107a+; P=0.0171) and HIV-specific CD8+ T cells compared with total PBMCs. Furthermore, Breg depletion led to enhanced proliferation of total CD8+ and CD107a+CD8+ T cells (P=0.0280, and P=0.0102, respectively). In addition, augmented CD8+ T cell effector function in vitro was reflected in a 67% increased clearance of infected CD4+ T cells. The observed Breg suppression of CD8+ T cell proliferation was IL-10-dependent. In HIV+ individuals, Breg frequency correlated positively with viral load (r=0.4324; P=0.0095), immune activation (r=0.5978; P=0.0005), and CD8+ T cell exhaustion (CD8+PD-1+; r=0.5893; P=0.0101). Finally, the frequency of PD-L1-expressing Bregs correlated positively with CD8+PD-1+ T cells (r=0.4791; P=0.0443). Our data indicate that Bregs contribute to HIV-infection associated immune dysfunction by T cell impairment, via IL-10 and possibly PD-L1 expression.
Irisin Is Expressed and Produced by Human Muscle and Adipose Tissue in Association With Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Moreno-Navarrete José María , Ortega Francisco , Serrano Marta , Guerra Ester , Pardo Gerard , Tinahones Francisco , Ricart Wifredo , Fernández-Real José Manuel 
Published: February 2013

Context:
Recently irisin (encoded by Fndc5 gene) has been reported to stimulate browning and uncoupling protein 1 expression in sc adipose tissue of mice.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to investigate FNDC5 gene expression in human muscle and adipose tissue and circulating irisin according to obesity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes.

Design, Patients, and Main Outcome Measure:
Adipose tissue FNDC5 gene expression and circulating irisin (ELISA) were analyzed in 2 different cohorts (n = 125 and n = 76); muscle FNDC5 expression was also evaluated in a subcohort of 34 subjects. In vitro studies in human preadipocytes and adipocytes and in induced browning of 3T3-L1 cells (by means of retinoblastoma 1 silencing) were also performed.

Results:
In both sc and visceral adipose tissue, FNDC5 gene expression decreased significantly in association with obesity and was positively associated with brown adipose tissue markers, lipogenic, insulin pathway-related, mitochondrial, and alternative macrophage gene markers and negatively associated with LEP, TNFα, and FSP27 (a known repressor of brown genes). Circulating irisin and irisin levels in adipose tissue were significantly associated with FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue. In muscle, the FNDC5 gene was 200-fold more expressed than in adipose tissue, and its expression was associated with body mass index, PGC1α, and other mitochondrial genes. In obese participants, FNDC5 gene expression in muscle was significantly decreased in association with type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, muscle FNDC5 gene expression was significantly associated with FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. In men, circulating irisin levels were negatively associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Irisin was secreted from human adipocytes into the media, and the induction of browning in 3T3-L1 cells led to increased secreted irisin levels.

Conclusions:
Decreased circulating irisin concentration and FNDC5 gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle from obese and type 2 diabetic subjects suggests a loss of brown-like characteristics and a potential target for therapy.
Copper-catalyzed Oxidative C–C, C–O, and C–N Bond Forming Reactions of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Nishikawa Ryo , Uchiyama Nanase , Hata Ippei , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
CuOTf in combination with PhCO3t-Bu as an oxidant was found to catalyze oxidative coupling of arylboronic acids to give stilbenes, aryl benzoates and N-arylimines.
Microtomographic Characterization of Dissolution-Induced Local Porosity Changes Including Fines Migration in Carbonate Rock
Authors: Qajar Jafar , Francois Nicolas , Arns Christoph H. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
The microstructure of carbonate rocks experiences substantial changes under reactive processes, in particular chemical dissolution and deposition, including dissolution-released-fines migration occurring during acidizing. A better understanding of such changes at the pore scale and their influences on rock properties is of great value for the effective design and implementation of reactive processes in carbonate reservoirs. In this work, we demonstrate the use of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to quantitatively investigate the local porosity changes in a meso-/microporous carbonate core sample during chemical dissolution. A reactive flooding experiment in a core sample by a nonacidic solution is designed such that changes in pore space from before to after the reactant injection could be imaged in exactly the same locations with micro-CT at a resolution of less than 5 μm. A methodology with three-phase segmentation and 2D histograms of image intensity is used to quantify distributions of the evolution of each image voxel. This technique allows the incorporation of microporosity into the calculation of the evolution regions, including the migration of fines, to accurately quantify the evolution scenarios. The micro-CT images reveal a quasiuniform dissolution pattern and allow characterizing the accompanying migration of fines within the core sample. The 3D pore networks are derived from the image data, which quantify changes in network structure and the pore geometry. The 2D histograms of image intensity derived from the pre- and post-dissolution images show quantitatively how macro- and micropores are enlarged by dissolution close to the inlet, whereas the deposition of fines mainly occurs in pores far from the inlet boundary. These results can explain why permeability of the sample initially decreases and then increases when injection time increases. Pore-surface area between each region is computed on the basis of the spatially resolved voxel evolution scenarios. This allows calculation of local distribution of reactive surface area, which, in turn, will assist in the prediction of local reaction rates in reactive flow simulators.
Effect of cations on polyaniline morphology
Authors: Pahovnik David , Žagar Ema , Vohlídal Jiří , Žigon Majda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNanostructured polyanilines of different morphologies were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous HCl using various inorganic and organic chlorides as additives with the aim to determine the effect of cations of the added electrolyte on the morphology, spectroscopic characteristics, and conductivity of formed polyanilines. Chlorides of basic metals: NaCl and CaCl2 did not show any significant effect while AlCl3 and organic electrolytes were found to influence the morphology of polyanilines. The effect of organic-electrolyte additives, which actually are ionic liquids, is explained by the organization of their molecules to micellar structures that act as soft templates for emerging polyaniline nanoparticles. The effect of AlCl3 is ascribed to the transformation of its molecules to [AlCl4]− anions.
Essential Role of Surface-Bound Complement Factor H in Controlling Immune Complex–Induced Arthritis
Authors: Banda Nirmal K. , Mehta Gaurav , Ferreira Viviana P. , Cortes Claudio , Pickering Matthew C. , Pangburn Michael K. , Arend William P. , Holers V. Michael 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Factor H (fH) is an endogenous negative regulator of the alternative pathway (AP) that binds polyanions as well as complement activation fragments C3b and C3d. The AP is both necessary and sufficient to develop collagen Ab–induced arthritis (CAIA) in mice; the mechanisms whereby normal control of the AP is overcome and injury develops are unknown. Although primarily a soluble circulating protein, fH can also bind to tissues in a manner dependent on the carboxyl-terminal domain containing short consensus repeats 19 and 20. We examined the role of fH in CAIA by blocking its binding to tissues through administration of a recombinant negative inhibitor containing short consensus repeats 19 and 20 (rfH19-20), which impairs fH function and amplifies surface AP activation in vitro. Administration of rfH19-20, but not control rfH3-5, significantly worsened clinical disease activity, histopathologic injury, and C3 deposition in the synovium and cartilage in wild-type and fH+/− mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that rfH19-20 increased complement activation on cartilage extracts and injured fibroblast-like synoviocytes, two major targets of complement deposition in the joint. We conclude that endogenous fH makes a significant contribution to inhibition of the AP in CAIA through binding to sites of immune complex formation and complement activation.
Protocol Development, Treatment Fidelity, Adherence to Treatment, and Quality Control
Authors: Persch Andrew C. , Page Stephen J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOccupational therapy leaders have emphasized the importance of intervention effectiveness research. The CONSORT and TREND checklists have been suggested as useful tools for reporting the results of randomized and nonrandomized studies, respectively. Despite such recommendations, research protocols and reports continue to underutilize the available tools, a situation reflecting limited resources for and experience with the conduct of effectiveness research. To address this issue, and using the CONSORT statement to structure the analysis, this article discusses strategies for optimization of protocol development, treatment fidelity, adherence to treatment, and quality control. We recommend several approaches to increase the quality of research throughout these various processes. Examples of implementation from our laboratory provide evidence of the utility of these strategies.
Immunochromatrography Detection of Human Lactoferrin Protein in Milk from Transgenic Cattle
Authors: Liu Chuxin , Zhai Shanli , Zhang Qingde , Liu Bang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Transgenic technologies have opened a new era of transgenesis, characterized by manipulating intraspecies or interspecies genes in microorganisms, plants, or animals to change them in desired directions. The advent of genetically modified animals and related products has raised the need for analytical methods, nucleotide- or protein-based, to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the biotechnology ingredients. In this study, we collected milk samples containing human lactoferrin (hLF) protein, to exploit appropriate detection means for exogenous hLF protein. We preliminarily developed two types of competitive immunochromatography strips for quick detection, based on gold-conjugated hLF protein or gold- conjugated polyclonal antibody. As control methods, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dot blot, and Western blot methods were used to check the accuracy of strips, and highly sensitive ELISA with chemiluminescent substrates was developed to determine the concentration of hLF in milk. Comparing the test results of lateral flow strips with qualitative assays, we found our strips gave the same results in a few minutes, showing great advantages with no need of professional technicians or any equipment. Our results demonstrated that all the applied methods were effective to detect hLF, suggesting that they could be used to monitor the production of transgenic milk.
Simultaneous Determination of L-Tyrosine and Caffeine Based on Their Electrocatalytic Oxidation at a 4-tert-butylcalix[6] arene-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Srivastava Ashwini K , Gaichore Reena R 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Simultaneous determination of L-tyrosine and caffeine was performed at a carbon paste electrode modified with 4-tert-butylcalix[6]arene and in situ Ni2+ ions. Surface characterization of the electrode was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance diagnosis revealed that oxidation of both molecules is kinetically facile on the modified electrode. The electrochemical behavior of both molecules was studied using cyclic voltammetry, and further quantified using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results revealed a high sensitivity for their simultaneous detection. DPV allowed simultaneous detection of L-tyrosine and caffeine in the range of 10–6 to 10–3 M, with LODs of 2.19 × 10–7 and 4.03 × 10–7 M, respectively. The modified electrode was used for individual determination of L-tyrosine and caffeine in various pharmaceutical formulations and simultaneous monitoring in human body fluids.
Comparative Analysis of Some Essential Amino Acids and Available Lysine in Acacia colei and A. tumida Seeds Using Chemical Methods and an Amino Acid Analyzer
Authors: Falade Olumuyiwa S , Adewusi Steve R A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Methionine, cysteine, tryptophan, and available lysine were determined in Acacia colei and A. tumida seeds and some cereals using chemical methods, and the results were compared to those obtained using an amino acid analyzer. Ba(OH)2 hydrolysis gave the best result of the three methods of hydrolysis (acid, base, and enzyme) tried. Oxidized methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan were not detected, but S-carboxyethylcysteine was estimated as cysteine by the chemical methods, thus overestimating cysteine's content in Acacia seeds. Tryptophan and methionine were higher in cereals than in Acacia seeds, while the level of cysteine and available lysine was higher in Acacia seeds than in cereals. These results agreed with values obtained using the amino acid analyzer and could therefore be used in low budget laboratories.
Validation Study of the Veratox R5 Rapid ELISA for Detection of Gliadin
Authors: Lupo Anthony , Roebuck Chris , Walsh Aaron , Mozola Mark , Abouzied Mohamed 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Neogen Corp. developed the Veratox R5 Gliadin test kit for the detection of gliadin based on the monoclonal antibody R5 developed by Enrique Mendez (1). The purpose of this study was to validate the method under the requirements of the AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodSM program. There are two AOAC Official MethodsSM for gluten detection in foods, 991.19 and 2012.01 (2), both of which are ELISAs. With the R5 Mendez method listed in the CODEX Alimentarius as a type 1 method for the detection of gluten in foods, the need to have additional rapid test kits validated by the AOAC Research Institute exists.
Color‐Tunable Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Ruthenium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Park Hee‐Jun , Yoo Sangwook , Shin Ik‐Soo , Chung Young Keun , Kim Joohoon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRu(II) complexes 1–3 bearing various N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were synthesized, and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) properties were discussed to evaluate a potential of their use as multicolor ECL labels. Interestingly, they exhibited ECL emission ranging from greenish‐yellow to red both in nonaqueous and mixed aqueous solutions, which might show the potential of the Ru(II) complexes as multicolor ECL labels.
Three‐dimensional multielectrode‐controlled two orthogonal direction bendable IPMC actuator with an active clasp
Authors: Feng Guo‐Hua , Tsai Jen‐Wei 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article presents a novel three‐dimensional ionic‐polymer‐metal‐composite (IPMC) actuator. The actuator consists of two parts: a motion element and an active clasp. With a multiple electrode design, the motion element can bend in two orthogonal directions, and the clasp can provide a force through individual electrical voltage control. The dynamic behavior of the motion element and the force output of the clasp were measured. The concept of geometry current and space‐charge current based on the limiting solutions of the Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck equation is proposed to characterize the measured current. An electric circuit model is presented to describe the electrical properties of the motion element of the IPMC actuator under various driving voltages and frequencies. The relation between the strain variation and the accumulation of electric charges caused by the measured current was examined and exhibited an excellent agreement with a power law. Two indices are proposed to evaluate the working status of the active clasp. The controllable time of the force output and the moment of the active clasp failure can be determined easily using the indices. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Genetic Counseling Services and Training of Genetic Counselors in Israel: An Overview
Authors: Sagi Michal , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenetic counseling services have existed in Israel since 1964 and are available in almost all the major hospitals. Given the socialized healthcare system and small country size, genetic services are generally accessible and often free. The existence of founder mutations in various communities in Israel makes genetic testing easier to perform. Yet, the ethnic, cultural and religious diversity of the population has major implications on the design of the screening programs and the use of genetic services. The Israeli Association of Genetic Counselors (IAGC) was established in 2008 and had existed informally since 1989. There are two Master level genetic counseling training programs (6 students/class, 2 year program): Hebrew University‐Hadassah Medical School (established in 1997) and the Technion (established in 2009). Genetic counselors’ clinical training is largely observational and 2 years of supervised counseling sessions post degree are required for board exam eligibility. Genetic counselors are licensed and lead counseling sessions individually, but currently must work under medical geneticist supervision. This is the first article to summarize the history and training of Master level genetic counselors in Israel. Genetic services, coverage and regulations are also described.
Adolescents' civic engagement and alcohol use: Longitudinal evidence for patterns of engagement and use in the adult lives of a British cohort
Authors: Finlay Andrea K. , Flanagan Constance 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTParticipation in discretionary activities during adolescence may facilitate the development of social networks that recruit youth into adult civic life or provide risky contexts that promote alcohol problems. Using data from the 1970 British Cohort Study, latent class analysis was used to identify adolescents' patterns of civic engagement, alcohol use, and other out‐of‐school activities at age 16, and test longitudinal links with adult civic engagement and alcohol use at ages 26, 30, and 34. Three classes were identified for both genders. The latent class characterized by involvement in more activities was more likely to be civically engaged in adulthood. The class characterized by the most alcohol use in adolescence had the highest likelihood of adult alcohol use and problems. Results are discussed in light of the health risks associated with each latent class and potential interventions that could be tailored to adolescents based on their patterns of activities.
Effects of Anesthetic Isoflurane and Desflurane on Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ and τ Level
Authors: Zhang Bin , Tian Ming , Zheng Hui , Zhen Yu , Yue Yun , Li Tianzuo , Li Shuren , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xie Zhongcong 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
Accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau protein is the main feature of Alzheimer disease neuropathogenesis. Anesthetic isoflurane, but not desflurane, may increase Aβ levels in vitro and in animals. Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ and tau in humans.

Methods:
The participants were assigned into spinal anesthesia (N = 35), spinal plus desflurane anesthesia (N = 33), or spinal plus isoflurane anesthesia (N = 38) group by randomization using computer-generated lists. Pre- and postoperative human CSF samples were obtained through an inserted spinal catheter. The levels of Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) and total tau in the CSF were determined.

Results:
Here, we show that isoflurane, but not desflurane, was associated with an increase in human CSF Aβ40 levels (from 10.90 to 12.41 ng/ml) 24 h after the surgery under anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia (from 11.59 to 11.08 ng/ml), P = 0.022. Desflurane, but not isoflurane, was associated with a decrease in Aβ42 levels 2 h after the surgery under anesthesia (from 0.39 to 0.35 ng/ml) compared to spinal anesthesia (from 0.43 to 0.44 ng/ml), P = 0.006. Isoflurane and desflurane did not significantly affect the tau levels in human CSF.

Conclusions:
These studies have established a system to study the effects of anesthetics on human biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease and cognitive dysfunction. These findings have suggested that isoflurane and desflurane may have different effects on human CSF Aβ levels.
Salicylic Acid Suppresses Jasmonic Acid Signaling Downstream of SCFCOI1-JAZ by Targeting GCC Promoter Motifs via Transcription Factor ORA59
Authors: Van der Does Dieuwertje , Leon-Reyes Antonio , Koornneef Annemart , Van Verk Marcel C. , Rodenburg Nicole , Pauwels Laurens , Goossens Alain , Körbes Ana P. , Memelink Johan , Ritsema Tita , Van Wees Saskia C.M. , Pieterse Corné M.J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Antagonism between the defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) plays a central role in the modulation of the plant immune signaling network, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that suppression of the JA pathway by SA functions downstream of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Skip-Cullin-F-box complex SCFCOI1, which targets JASMONATE ZIM-domain transcriptional repressor proteins (JAZs) for proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, neither the stability nor the JA-induced degradation of JAZs was affected by SA. In silico promoter analysis of the SA/JA crosstalk transcriptome revealed that the 1-kb promoter regions of JA-responsive genes that are suppressed by SA are significantly enriched in the JA-responsive GCC-box motifs. Using GCC:GUS lines carrying four copies of the GCC-box fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene, we showed that the GCC-box motif is sufficient for SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Using plants overexpressing the GCC-box binding APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors ERF1 or ORA59, we found that SA strongly reduces the accumulation of ORA59 but not that of ERF1. Collectively, these data indicate that the SA pathway inhibits JA signaling downstream of the SCFCOI1-JAZ complex by targeting GCC-box motifs in JA-responsive promoters via a negative effect on the transcriptional activator ORA59.