bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content of Fatty Acids and Phenolics in Coratina Olive Oil from Tunisia: Influence of Irrigation and Ripening
Authors: Dabbou Samia , Dabbou Sihem , Chehab Hechmi , Taticchi Agnese , Servili Maurizio , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe quality indices and chemical composition of Coratina olive oil produced in the northern region of Tunisia were evaluated, to determine the effect of three different irrigation regimes of the trees on the olive oils. The olives were sampled at two different stages of maturity, the oils were extracted, and standard methods were used to analyze the composition and quality of the oils. The fatty‐acid contents and quality parameters were only slightly affected by the irrigation regime. The contents of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were above 12, 72, and 8%, respectively, for the second harvest, regardless of the irrigation level of the olive trees. Parameters such as the α‐tocopherol content and the phenolic profile were found to be significantly affected by the harvesting time; however, inconsistent changes were observed for the irrigation regimes, especially for the oil of the second harvest. It was shown that the irrigation conditions of the olive trees as well as the harvesting time of the fruits gave rise to a diverse range of olive oils in Tunisia.
Amending the Anisotropy Barrier and Luminescence Behavior of Heterometallic Trinuclear Linear [MIILnIIIMII] (LnIII=Gd, Tb, Dy; MII=Mg/Zn) Complexes by Change from Divalent Paramagnetic to Diamagnetic Metal Ions
Authors: Das Sourav , Bejoymohandas K. S. , Dey Atanu , Biswas Sourav , Reddy M. L. P. , Morales Roser , Ruiz Eliseo , Titos‐Padilla Silvia , Colacio Enrique , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe sequential reaction of a multisite coordinating compartmental ligand [2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐5‐methylbenzylideneamino)‐2‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diol] (LH4) with appropriate lanthanide salts followed by the addition of [Mg(NO3)2]⋅6 H2O or [Zn(NO3)2]⋅6 H2O in a 4:1:2 stoichiometric ratio in the presence of triethylamine affords a series of isostructural heterometallic trinuclear complexes containing [Mg2Ln]3+ (Ln=Dy, Gd, and Tb) and [Zn2Ln]3+ (Ln=Dy, Gd, and Tb) cores. The formation of these complexes is demonstrated by X‐ray crystallography as well as ESI‐MS spectra. All complexes are isostructural possessing a linear trimetallic core with a central lanthanide ion. The comprehensive studies discussed involve the synthesis, structure, magnetism, and photophysical properties on this family of trinuclear [Mg2Ln]3+ and [Zn2Ln]3+ heterometallic complexes. [Mg2Dy]3+ and [Zn2Dy]3+ show slow relaxation of the magnetization below 12 K under zero applied direct current (dc) field, but without reaching a neat maximum, which is due to the overlapping with a faster quantum tunneling relaxation mediated through dipole–dipole and hyperfine interactions. Under a small applied dc field of 1000 Oe, the quantum tunneling is almost suppressed and temperature and frequency dependent peaks are observed, thus confirming the single‐molecule magnet behavior of complexes [Mg2Dy]3+ and [Zn2Dy]3+.
Big, Strong, Neutral, Twisted, and Chiral π Acids
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Huang Guangxi , Besnard Celine , Mareda Jiri , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGeneral synthetic access to expanded π‐acidic surfaces of variable size, topology, chirality, and π acidity is reported. The availability of π surfaces with these characteristics is essential to develop the functional relevance of anion–π interactions with regard to molecular recognition, translocation, and transformation. The problem is that, with expanded π surfaces, the impact of electron‐withdrawing substituents decreases and the high π acidity needed for strong anion–π interactions can be more difficult to obtain. To overcome this problem, it is herein proposed to build large surfaces from smaller fragments and connect these fragments with bridges that are composed only of single atoms. Two central surfaces for powerful anion–π interactions, namely, perfluoroarenes and naphthalenediimides (NDIs), were selected as fragments and coupled with through sulfide bridges. Their oxidation to sulfoxides and sulfones, as well as fluorine substitution in the peripheral rings, provides access to the full chemical space of relevant π acidities. According to cyclic voltammetry, LUMO levels range from −3.96 to −4.72 eV. With sulfoxide bridges, stereogenic centers are introduced to further enrich the intrinsic planar chirality of the expanded surfaces. The stereoisomers were separated by chiral HPLC and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Their topologies range from chairs to π boats, and the latter are reminiscent of the cation–π boxes in operational neuronal receptors. With pentafluorophenyl acceptors, the π acidity of NDIs with two sulfoxide groups in the core reaches −4.45 eV, whereas two sulfone moieties give a value of −4.72 eV, which is as low as with four ethyl sulfone groups, that is, a π superacid near the limit of existence. Beyond anion–π interactions, these conceptually innovative π‐acidic surfaces are also of interest as electron transporters in conductive materials.
Ganzheitliche Analyse dreiphasiger enzymatischer Reaktionssysteme mittels kontinuierlicher Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Phasentrennung
Authors: Zitzewitz Philip , Fieg Georg 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDie Hydrolyse von Methyloctanoat mittels immobilisierter Candida antarctica Lipase B wurde als beispielhaftes Referenzsystem aus dem Bereich der enzymatischen Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Fest‐Systeme betrachtet. Die experimentelle Untersuchung des Systems erfolgte in einem innovativen Kreislauffestbettreaktor mit kontinuierlicher Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Phasentrennung. Dieser Aufbau erlaubt sowohl einen zwei‐ als auch einen einphasigen Reaktorzulauf. Erstmals erfolgte die ganzheitliche experimentelle Untersuchung beider Betriebsweisen bei verschiedensten Betriebsbedingungen. Neben der Darstellung der experimentellen Ergebnisse werden die Grundzüge der mathematischen Modellierung des Prozesses gezeigt und eine Modellvalidierung vorgenommen.
Two‐level extensions of an artificial hormone system
Authors: Pacher Mathias 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe ARTIFICIAL HORMONE SYSTEM (AHS) is a decentralized software that is able to allocate tasks in a system of heterogeneous processing elements (PEs). Tasks are allocated according to their suitability for the heterogeneous PEs, the current PE load, and task relationships. The AHS also provides properties like self‐configuration, self‐optimization, and self‐healing in the context of task allocation. In addition, it is able to guarantee real‐time bounds for such self‐X properties. However, using self‐organization principles introduces increased system complexity such as control of system parameters for self‐organization and additional communication effort. In this contribution, we address these problems by using two different two‐level extensions of the AHS: we consider the choice and control of hormone parameters by an observer/controller architecture as first extension of the AHS and a HIERARCHICAL AHS (HAHS) to save communication bandwidth as second extension of the AHS. For the first extension, we use a machine learning approach for gradually learning the hormone values of different tasks. This is a major advance because expert knowledge is needed to configure the AHS up to now. We present an observer/controller architecture as an extension of the AHS to monitor and control its behavior. The user has to provide a simple set of initial rules, and the observer/controller is able to generate new rules if needed. The evaluation of our approach using a benchmark (containing six different types of tasks) shows that the observer/controller is able to match the goals provided by the user, and we discuss it in detail. The second extension is the hierarchical AHS where the PEs of the system consist of several different clusters each of them having its own communication infrastructure, for example, a bus system. The HAHS is able to save communication effort because the broadcast communication of the hormones is limited to the clusters. Nevertheless, it provides the same self‐X properties as the AHS, even the time for self‐configuration is shorter than for the AHS. We present evaluations that show that the HAHS performs better for applications with large numbers of PEs than the AHS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common mode voltage reduction of quasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter
Authors: You Xuyang , Ge Baoming , Liu Shuo , Nie Ning , Jiang Xinjian , Abu‐Rub Haitham 
Published: March 2015

SummaryQuasi‐Z source indirect matrix converter (IMC) combines both advantages of conventional IMC and quasi‐Z source inverter, for example, no direct current (DC) link capacitor, compact all‐silicon power converter, bidirectional power flow, input power factor controllable, and high voltage gain; moreover, it does not require additional input filter, because continuous quasi‐Z source network integrates LC filter function. However, there is no literature to disclose common mode voltage (CMV) issue of quasi‐Z source IMC. In this paper, for the first time, the CMV issue and reduction of quasi‐Z source IMC are investigated. Firstly, the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC is analyzed when using current typical modulation method, which follows the brief introduction of topology and modulation method for quasi‐Z source IMC, and the factors that affect the CMV are figured out; Secondly, referring to the CMV reduction methods of conventional IMC, two solutions named as Methods I and II to reduce the CMV for quasi‐Z source IMC are developed, which are achieved in the inverter stage; the third CMV reduction method is proposed in the rectifier stage through redefining the six sectors of the rectifier stage, which can implement zero current commutation. Experimental bench is built to test three approaches for reducing the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC. Comparative evaluation is carried out between three methods and conventional modulation method. Experimental results verify that three methods can significantly reduce the CMV of quasi‐Z source IMC, with the CMV peak value reduction of 42%, but they present different features in terms of input and output current THDs, switching loss, CMV root mean square (RMS) value, modulation index limitation, and so on. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Coupling Route to 3H‐ and 1H‐Indoles from N‐Aryl‐enamines
Authors: Drouhin Pauline , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA facile copper(II)‐mediated C–H bond oxidation and C–C bond formation procedure has been applied to the synthesis of indole derivatives. Intramolecular oxidative coupling of 3,3‐disubstituted enamines proceeded using a non‐expensive and air‐stable copper salt, Cu(2‐ethylhexanoate)2, to afford the corresponding C‐3 quaternary indolenine products in good to excellent yields. 1H‐Indoles can be prepared in a similar manner but in this case, Cu(OAc)2·H2O has been found to be the preferred oxidant.
The lexicon of geomorphology
Authors: Lewin John 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe terms geomorphology uses reveal much about its identity, history, perceptions, external inspirations and methods. Current usage also involves unstated ambiguities. The paper critically reviews the origins, development and nature of the lexicon in English: for discretely identified landforms, for landform sets and hierarchies, and for discussing grand theories. These reflect multiple purposes from the genetically diagnostic to the morphologically descriptive, together with the development of purposeful cognitive and hierarchical classifications, and new terminologies used in the modelling of complex emergent systems. Debate as to the changing and multiple meaning of words is a normal outcome. Metaphors, verbal or otherwise, play a large part in conceptualization. Recent terms relate especially to stimulating technological advances in survey, analysis and modelling. There is now resort to the visual as much as to the verbal for model presentations, together with a much‐increased use of initialisms and similar abbreviated word forms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitigation of Cu(II) phytotoxicity to rice (Oryza sativa) in the presence of TiO2 and CeO2 nanoparticles combined with humic acid
Authors: Wang Yi , Peng Cheng , Fang Huaxiang , Sun Lijuan , Zhang Hai , Feng Jiabei , Duan Dechao , Liu Tingting , Shi Jiyan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and natural organic matter (NOM) in the environment may interact with background contaminants such as heavy metals and modify their bioavailability and toxicity. In the present study, the combined influences of 2 common NPs (TiO2 and CeO2) and humic acid (HA; as a model NOM) on Cu(II) phytotoxicity to rice were investigated by a 3-d root elongation assay performed on filter paper media. The results showed that the adsorption coefficients of bare TiO2 and CeO2 NPs (100 mg/L) toward Cu2+ are 2.65 and 4.37, respectively, at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, suggesting that Cu(II) could be strongly adsorbed by NPs, whereas HA-coated TiO2 and CeO2 NPs further enhanced the adsorption coefficients to 4.37 and 6.85, respectively. In addition, compared with Cu-alone treatment, the addition of bare TiO2 and CeO2 NPs (1000 mg/L) increased the length of rice root by 32.5% and 39.0%, respectively; however, the presence of HA-coated TiO2 and CeO2 NPs increased the root length by 90.2% and 100.1%, respectively, which indicated that the mitigation effect of HA-coated NPs on Cu(II) phytotoxicity was more visible than that of bare NPs. The results demonstrated that coexistence of NPs and HA significantly alleviated Cu(II) phytotoxicity as a result of a decrease in bioavailable soluble Cu(II) concentration, which contributes to an understanding of the potential behavior of NPs in the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1588–1596. © 2015 SETAC
Buoyancy modelling with incompressible SPH for laminar and turbulent flows
Authors: Leroy A. , Violeau D. , Ferrand M. , Joly A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis work aims to model buoyant, laminar or turbulent flows, using a two‐dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics model with accurate wall boundary conditions. The buoyancy effects are modelled through the Boussinesq approximation coupled to a heat equation, which makes it possible to apply an incompressible algorithm to compute the pressure field from a Poisson equation. Based on our previous work [1], we extend the unified semi‐analytical wall boundary conditions to the present model. The latter is also combined to a Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes approach to treat turbulent flows. The k − ϵ turbulence model is used, where buoyancy is modelled through an additional term in the k − ϵ equations like in mesh‐based methods. We propose a unified framework to prescribe isothermal (Dirichlet) or to impose heat flux (Neumann) wall boundary conditions in incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics. To illustrate this, a theoretical case is presented (laminar heated Poiseuille flow), where excellent agreement with the theoretical solution is obtained. Several benchmark cases are then proposed: a lock‐exchange flow, two laminar and one turbulent flow in differentially heated cavities, and finally a turbulent heated Poiseuille flow. Comparisons are provided with a finite volume approach using an open‐source industrial code. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of 3‐Hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones with Inorganic Thiocyanates in the Presence of Ammonium or Alkylammonium Ions: the Unexpected Replacement of a Hydroxy Group by an Amino Group
Authors: Klásek Antonín , Rudolf Ondřej , Rouchal Michal , Lyčka Antonín 
Published: March 2015

Abstract3‐Hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones react with KSCN in the presence of the NH$\rm{{_{4}^{+}}}$ ions to generate 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐thioxoimidazo[1,5‐c]quinazolin‐5(6H)‐ones, 2,3‐dihydro‐2‐thioxo‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]quinolin‐4(5H)‐ones, and products of molecular rearrangement of the 3‐aminoquinolinedione intermediates. Starting compounds with a benzyl (Bn) group at C(3) afford 3‐aminoquinolinediones, even when only AcONH4 is used. The results of the reaction between 3‐hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones and KSCN in the presence of BuNH2 show that replacing a OH group with a secondary NH2 group is also possible.
Modulation of Reactivities of Dienophiles for DielsAlder Reactions via Complexation of α,β‐Unsaturated Chelating Amides
Authors: Sterk Markus , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe the modulation of reactivities of dienophiles for DielsAlder reactions via a new principle based on chelating amides positioned adjacent to their CC bond. It is demonstrated for modified acrylic acid derivatives and related dienophiles with three different chelating entities. Complexation of the chelators leads to an intensified electron‐withdrawing effect leading to an enhancement of reactivity in DielsAlder reactions depending on the complexed metal ion. The application of this new approach might be extended to other reactions with reacting entities adjacent to chelating amides.
Cellular localization of uranium in the renal proximal tubules during acute renal uranium toxicity
Authors: Homma‐Takeda Shino , Kitahara Keisuke , Suzuki Kyoko , Blyth Benjamin J. , Suya Noriyoshi , Konishi Teruaki , Terada Yasuko , Shimada Yoshiya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRenal toxicity is a hallmark of uranium exposure, with uranium accumulating specifically in the S3 segment of the proximal tubules causing tubular damage. As the distribution, concentration and dynamics of accumulated uranium at the cellular level is not well understood, here, we report on high‐resolution quantitative in situ measurements by high‐energy synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence analysis in renal sections from a rat model of uranium‐induced acute renal toxicity. One day after subcutaneous administration of uranium acetate to male Wistar rats at a dose of 0.5 mg uranium kg–1 body weight, uranium concentration in the S3 segment of the proximal tubules was 64.9 ± 18.2 µg g–1, sevenfold higher than the mean renal uranium concentration (9.7 ± 2.4 µg g–1). Uranium distributed into the epithelium of the S3 segment of the proximal tubules and highly concentrated uranium (50‐fold above mean renal concentration) in micro‐regions was found near the nuclei. These uranium levels were maintained up to 8 days post‐administration, despite more rapid reductions in mean renal concentration. Two weeks after uranium administration, damaged areas were filled with regenerating tubules and morphological signs of tissue recovery, but areas of high uranium concentration (100‐fold above mean renal concentration) were still found in the epithelium of regenerating tubules. These data indicate that site‐specific accumulation of uranium in micro‐regions of the S3 segment of the proximal tubules and retention of uranium in concentrated areas during recovery are characteristics of uranium behavior in the kidney. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Butyric acid production from recycled waste paper by immobilized Clostridium tyrobutyricum in a fibrous‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Huang Jin , Dai Hongliang , Yan Ren , Wang Pu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecycled waste paper (RWP) has been considered as a low‐cost substrate for cost‐effective production of various biofuels and chemicals. The aim of this work was to utilize the fermentable sugar obtained from RWP, and thus to develop an alternative source of butyric acid to replace the petroleum‐based product.RESULTSRWP hydrolysate was successfully utilized for enhanced production of butyric acid in a fibrous‐bed bioreactor (FBB) with a high titer (53.42 g L−1) and high selectivity (43.43 g g−1 butyrate/acetate ratio) in fed‐batch fermentation. A repeated‐batch fermentation process was carried out in which highly consistent butyrate yield (0.41 g g−1 utilized sugar), titer (20.96 g L−1), and productivity (1.62 g L−1 h−1) were achieved, demonstrating a stable and reliable long‐term performance. Glucose and xylose, two major fermentable sugars in RWP hydrolysate, could be simultaneously consumed for butyrate production, providing high substrate utilization efficiency. Moreover, the presence of a metabolic pathway shift from acetate‐forming pathway towards butyrate synthesis was confirmed.CONCLUSIONHigh concentration fermentable sugar solutions were obtained from recycled waste paper, and could be utilized successfully for butyric acid production. The results also showed that the process developed was cost‐effective and benign for environmental protection. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The Development of a Confined Impact Test for Evaluating the Safety of Polymer‐Bonded Explosives During Warhead Penetration
Authors: Dai Xiaogan , Huang Qian , Huang Fenglei , Li Ming , Wen Yushi , Liu Xuwang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDuring warhead penetration, which lasts several milliseconds, warheads undertake moderate pressures reaching hundreds of MPa. Previous methods have been unable to mimic such stimuli to evaluate the safety of ammunitions. Hence, new safety evaluation methods with moderate pressures and long durations to assess the stability of the explosive charges during actual penetrations are needed. Based on existing explosives safety estimation technologies and preliminary understanding of overload environments during penetration, a confined impact model was developed. The peak stimuli pressure is more than 0.3 GPa and the duration of the pressure is between 1 to 3 milliseconds. Various scales of a polymer‐bonded explosive (PBX‐9) were subjected to this confined impact test to study the response characteristics. The ignition mechanism of PBX‐9 was obtained by synthesizing results from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), computed tomography (CT) scanning, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermalgravimetric analysis (TG). It was found that cracks formed on the surface during impact and the initial ignition of PBX‐9 is mainly due to the decomposition of Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) on the interface at low temperature. Our study indicates that the designers of the PBX formulation should try to control the early decomposition of AP and HTPB in order to let the PBX survive the penetration.
Robust attitude controller design for miniature quadrotors
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Danjun , Xi Jianxiang , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the robust attitude control problem of miniature quadrotors. A simplified linear dynamical model is obtained for each attitude angle, whereas nonlinear dynamics, interaxis coupling, parameter perturbations, and external disturbances are considered as uncertainties. For each channel, a linear time‐invariant and decoupled robust controller are proposed based on a linear reduced‐order observer and a robust compensator. The observer is applied to estimate the angular velocities, and the robust compensator is introduced for reducing the effects of uncertainties. It is proven that the estimation errors of angular velocities and angular tracking errors can converge to the given neighborhood of the origin in a finite time. Experimental results on the miniature quadrotor are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.