bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough ideas leading to new futures: next steps
Authors: Willy Christian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn 2010, the educational International Surgical Wound Forum (ISWF) was created to facilitate discussion among global experts regarding modern wound treatment challenges and how negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) could be used to address those challenges. This is the second of two supplements, which are based on 2012 and 2013 ISWF presentations and demonstrate the evolution of NPWT's role in wound care. The previous supplement provided an overview of critical health care issues and current clinical practice and reviewed evidence and experience using NPWT with instillation of topical wound solutions. This supplement presents clinical experience using negative pressure over closed surgical incisions, in the open abdomen, and in wounds with enteroatmospheric fistulas.
Presynaptic dysfunction caused by cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with the ataxic form of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Authors: Mitoma Hiroshi , Yoneda Makoto , Saitow Fumihito , Suzuki Hidenori , Matsunaga Akiko , Ikawa Masamichi , Mizusawa Hidehiro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundHashimoto's encephalopathy is an autoimmune disease associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The mechanism underlying the development of ataxia is unclear.AimWe examined whether impairment in synaptic transmission underlies the pathomechanism of Hashimoto's encephalopathy.MethodsWe tested the effects of cerebrospinal fluid from Hashimoto's encephalopathy patients on cerebellar synaptic transmission in rat cerebellar slices. The effects of cerebrospinal fluid from six patients with the ataxic form of Hashimoto's encephalopathy were examined using patch‐clamp recording in rat cerebellar slices.ResultsThe cerebrospinal fluid of one patient, but not those of the other five patients, impaired presynaptic short‐term plasticity between parallel fiber‐Purkinje cell transmission in the cerebellum. The patient whose cerebrospinal fluid induced presynaptic impairment had hypothyroidism with a high titer of anti‐thyroid antibodies, and was positive for anti‐NH2‐terminal of α‐enolase antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid.ConclusionsThese results suggest that defective glutamate release is a potential pathomechanism in some patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Comparative analysis of maize (Zea mays) crop performance: natural variation, incremental improvements and economic impacts
Authors: Leibman Mark , Shryock Jereme J. , Clements Michael J. , Hall Michael A. , Loida Paul J. , McClerren Amanda L. , McKiness Zoe P. , Phillips Jonathan R. , Rice Elena A. , Stark Steven B. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryGrain yield from maize hybrids continues to improve through advances in breeding and biotechnology. Despite genetic improvements to hybrid maize, grain yield from distinct maize hybrids is expected to vary across growing locations due to numerous environmental factors. In this study, we examine across‐location variation in grain yield among maize hybrids in three case studies. The three case studies examine hybrid improvement through breeding, introduction of an insect protection trait or introduction of a transcription factor trait associated with increased yield. In all cases, grain yield from each hybrid population had a Gaussian distribution. Across‐location distributions of grain yield from each hybrid partially overlapped. The hybrid with a higher mean grain yield typically outperformed its comparator at most, but not all, of the growing locations (a ‘win rate’). These results suggest that a broad set of environmental factors similarly impacts grain yields from both conventional‐ and biotechnology‐derived maize hybrids and that grain yields among two or more hybrids should be compared with consideration given to both mean yield performance and the frequency of locations at which each hybrid ‘wins’ against its comparators. From an economic standpoint, growers recognize the value of genetically improved maize hybrids that outperform comparators in the majority of locations. Grower adoption of improved maize hybrids drives increases in average U.S. maize grain yields and contributes significant value to the economy.
Performance Assessment of a Numerical Simulation Tool for Wooden Boards with Knots by Means of Full‐Field Deformation Measurements
Authors: Lukacevic M. , Füssl J. , Griessner M. , Eberhardsteiner J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn wooden boards, knots and the resulting fibre deviations in their vicinities are mainly responsible for qualitative downgrading of timber elements. Thus, the development of reliable numerical simulation tools for the determination of effective strength and stiffness properties of timber elements and, in a next step, for the development and evaluation of grading criteria is highly desirable. Due to the complexity of such tools, a comprehensive validation is required. Within this work, the suitability of full‐field deformation measurements for four‐point bending tests on wooden boards with knots is evaluated first. Next, the test series is used to validate a previously developed three‐dimensional numerical simulation tool, which combines a geometrical model for the grain course and a micromechanical model for a density and moisture dependent characterisation of the clear‐wood material. The digital image correlation technique proved to be capable to reproduce the strain fields in the vicinity of knots under bending load. Moreover, a very good correlation between numerical and experimental results was obtained.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pantoea ananatis Strain LMG 2665
T
, a Bacterial Pathogen of Pineapple Fruitlets
Authors: Adam Zaky , Tambong James T. , Lewis Christopher T. , Lévesque C. André , Chen Wen , Bromfield Eden S. P. , Khan Izhar U. H. , Xu Renlin 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Pantoea ananatis
LMG 2665
T
, the bacterial causal agent of pineapple fruitlet rot.
The utility of online haemodiafiltration in methotrexate poisoning
Authors: Abdelsalam Mohamed Said , Althaf Mohammed Mahdi , Alfurayh Osman , Maghfoor Irfan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWe report a case of a 56-year-old woman with a high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who unexpectedly developed toxic plasma levels of methotrexate (MTX) following the first cycle of rituximab-cyclophosphamide, hydroxydanorubicin, oncovin, prednisolone (R-CHOP) with a high-dose MTX chemotherapy protocol. She also developed non-oliguric acute kidney injury secondary to MTX nephrotoxicity. We elected to treat her with online-haemodiafiltration (HDF) and this proved to be efficient with a dramatic response. Rapid clearance of MTX to therapeutic levels was possible within three sessions. Prompt therapy with high-volume online-HDF is an effective choice for rapid MTX clearance and swift reversal of MTX nephrotoxicity.
Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in sport-related concussion: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schneider Kathryn J , Meeuwisse Willem H , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Barlow Karen , Boyd Lara , Kang Jian , Emery Carolyn A 
Published: May 2014

Background/aimConcussion is a common injury in sport. Most individuals recover in 7–10 days but some have persistent symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of vestibular rehabilitation and cervical spine physiotherapy decreased the time until medical clearance in individuals with prolonged postconcussion symptoms.MethodsThis study was a randomised controlled trial. Consecutive patients with persistent symptoms of dizziness, neck pain and/or headaches following a sport-related concussion (12–30 years, 18 male and 13 female) were randomised to the control or intervention group. Both groups received weekly sessions with a physiotherapist for 8 weeks or until the time of medical clearance. Both groups received postural education, range of motion exercises and cognitive and physical rest until asymptomatic followed by a protocol of graded exertion. The intervention group also received cervical spine and vestibular rehabilitation. The primary outcome of interest was medical clearance to return to sport, which was evaluated by a study sport medicine physician who was blinded to the treatment group.ResultsIn the treatment group, 73% (11/15) of the participants were medically cleared within 8 weeks of initiation of treatment, compared with 7% (1/14) in the control group. Using an intention to treat analysis, individuals in the treatment group were 3.91 (95% CI 1.34 to 11.34) times more likely to be medically cleared by 8 weeks.ConclusionsA combination of cervical and vestibular physiotherapy decreased time to medical clearance to return to sport in youth and young adults with persistent symptoms of dizziness, neck pain and/or headaches following a sport-related concussion.Trial registration numberNCT01860755.
Endothelial AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Blood Pressure and Coronary Flow Responses Through Hyperpolarization Mechanism in Mice
Authors: Enkhjargal Budbazar , Godo Shigeo , Sawada Ayuko , Suvd Nergui , Saito Hiroki , Noda Kazuki , Satoh Kimio , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
Vascular endothelium plays an important role to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis through several mechanisms, including endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). We have recently demonstrated that EDH is involved in endothelial metabolic regulation in mice. However, it remains to be examined whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important metabolic regulator, is involved in EDH and if so, whether endothelial AMPK (eAMPK) plays a role for circulatory regulation.

Approach and Results—

We examined the role of eAMPK in EDH, using mice with endothelium-specific deficiency of α-catalytic subunit of AMPK, either α
1
(eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
+/+
) or α
2
(eAMPKα
1
+/+
α
2
−/−
) alone or both of them (eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
−/−
). We performed telemetry, organ chamber, electrophysiological, and Langendorff experiments to examine blood pressure, vascular responses, hyperpolarization of membrane potential, and coronary flow responses, respectively. Hypertension was noted throughout the day in eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
−/−
and eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
+/+
but not in eAMPKα
1
+/+
α
2
−/−
mice when compared with respective control. Importantly, endothelium-dependent relaxations, EDH, and coronary flow increase were all significantly reduced in eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
−/−
and eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
+/+
but not in eAMPKα
1
+/+
α
2
−/−
mice. In contrast, endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor), NS-1619 (a Ca
2+
-activated K
+
channel opener), and exogenous H
2
O
2
were almost comparable among the groups. In eAMPKα
1
−/−
α
2
−/−
mice, antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine or long-term treatment with metformin (a stimulator of AMPK) failed to restore EDH-mediated responses.

Conclusions—

These results provide the first direct evidence that α
1
subunit of eAMPK substantially mediates EDH responses of microvessels and regulates blood pressure and coronary flow responses in mice in vivo, demonstrating the novel role of eAMPK in cardiovascular homeostasis.
Vulnerability of the Developing Heart to Oxygen Deprivation as a Cause of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Kenchegowda Doreswamy , Liu Hongbin , Thompson Keyata , Luo Liping , Martin Stuart S. , Fisher Steven A. 
Published: May 2014

Background

The heart develops under reduced and varying oxygen concentrations, yet there is little understanding of oxygen metabolism in the normal and mal‐development of the heart. Here we used a novel reagent, the
ODD
‐Luc hypoxia reporter mouse (
o
xygen
d
egradation
d
omain,
ODD
) of
Hif‐1
α fused to Luciferase (Luc), to assay the activity of the oxygen sensor, prolyl hydroxylase, and oxygen reserve, in the developing heart. We tested the role of hypoxia‐dependent responses in heart development by targeted inactivation of
Hif‐1
α.

Methods and Results

ODD
‐Luciferase activity was 14‐fold higher in mouse embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) versus adult heart and liver tissue lysates.
ODD
‐Luc activity decreased in 2 stages, the first corresponding with the formation of a functional cardiovascular system for oxygen delivery at E15.5, and the second after birth consistent with complete oxygenation of the blood and tissues. Reduction of maternal inspired oxygen to 8% for 4 hours caused minimal induction of luciferase activity in the maternal tissues but robust induction in the embryonic tissues in proportion to the basal activity, indicating a lack of oxygen reserve, and corresponding induction of a hypoxia‐dependent gene program. Bioluminescent imaging of intact embryos demonstrated highest activity in the outflow portion of the E13.5 heart.
Hif‐1
α inactivation or prolonged hypoxia caused outflow and septation defects only when targeted to this specific developmental window.

Conclusions
Low oxygen concentrations and lack of oxygen reserve during a critical phase of heart organogenesis may provide a basis for vulnerability to the development of common septation and conotruncal heart defects.
Influence of Microscale Turbulent Droplet Clustering on Radar Cloud Observations
Authors: Matsuda Keigo , Onishi Ryo , Hirahara Masaaki , Kurose Ryoichi , Takahashi Keiko , Komori Satoru 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of microscale turbulent clustering of cloud droplets on the radar reflectivity factor and proposes a new parameterization to account for it. A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of particle-laden isotropic turbulence is performed to obtain turbulent clustering data. The clustering data are then used to calculate the power spectra of droplet number density fluctuations, which show a dependence on the Taylor microscale-based Reynolds number (Reλ) and the Stokes number (St). First, the Reynolds number dependency of the turbulent clustering influence is investigated for 127 &lt; Reλ &lt; 531. The spectra for this wide range of Reλ values reveal that Reλ = 204 is sufficiently large to be representative of the whole wavenumber range relevant for radar observations of atmospheric clouds. The authors then investigate the Stokes number dependency for Reλ = 204 and propose an empirical model for the turbulent clustering influence assuming power laws for the number density spectrum. For Stokes numbers less than 2, the proposed model can estimate the influence of turbulence on the spectrum with an RMS error less than 1 dB when calculated over the wavenumber range relevant for radar observations. For larger Stokes number droplets, the model estimate has larger errors, but the influence of turbulence is likely negligible in typical clouds. Applications of the proposed model to two idealized cloud observing scenarios reveal that microscale turbulent clustering can cause a significant error in estimating cloud droplet amounts from radar observations with microwave frequencies less than 13.8 GHz.
Low Richardson Number in the Tropical Cyclone Outflow Layer
Authors: Molinari John , Duran Patrick , Vollaro David 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Dropsondes from the NOAA G-IV aircraft were used to examine the presence of low bulk Richardson numbers RB in tropical cyclones. At least one 400-m layer above z = 7.5 km exhibited RB &lt; 1 in 96% of the sondes and RB ≤ 0.25 in 35% of the sondes. The latter represent almost certain turbulence. Sondes from major Hurricane Ivan (2004) were examined in detail. Turbulent layers fell into three broad groups. The first was found below cloud base near the edge of the central dense overcast (CDO) where relative humidity fell below 40%. Near-zero static stability existed within the turbulent layer with stability and shear maxima above it. This structure strongly resembled that seen previously from sublimation of precipitation beneath cloud base. The second type of turbulent layer was located within CDO clouds in the upper troposphere and was due almost entirely to near-zero static stability. This most likely arose as a result of cooling via longwave flux divergence below CDO top. The third type of turbulent layer existed well outside the CDO and was produced by large local vertical wind shear. The shear maxima associated with the beneath-cloud and outside-CDO turbulent layers produced a sharp transition from weak inflow below to strong outflow above. The results suggest that the CDO creates its own distinctive stability profile that strongly influences the distribution of turbulence and the transition to outflow in tropical cyclones.
Linking Centennial Surface Warming Patterns in the Equatorial Pacific to the Relative Strengths of the Walker and Hadley Circulations
Authors: Ma Jian , Yu Jin-Yi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study analyzes representative concentration pathway 4.5 projections by 18 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project to show that surface warming patterns in the equatorial Pacific during the twenty-first century (centennial warming) are influenced by the relative strengths of the Walker and Hadley circulations. The stronger the Hadley (Walker) circulation is, the greater the surface warming in the central Pacific (CP) [eastern Pacific (EP)]. The EP warming is associated with the Bjerknes feedback, while the CP warming is associated with the wind–evaporation–sea surface temperature feedback. This atmospheric circulation influence on the centennial warming is similar to that found for the EP and CP El Niño. This suggests a methodology to constrain the estimate of the projected surface warming patterns in the equatorial Pacific using recent El Niño activity. The constraint indicates that the “most likely” centennial warming patterns have a maximum in the EP and are 39% weaker than the warming projected by the 18-model mean. The most-likely projection also shows alternating stronger and weaker warming in the subtropical North Pacific, which is not predicted by the 18-model mean projection. Nevertheless, the two projections agree on the minimum warming in the southeastern subtropical Pacific.
Isopycnal Eddy Diffusivities and Critical Layers in the Kuroshio Extension from an Eddying Ocean Model
Authors: Chen Ru , McClean Julie L. , Gille Sarah T. , Griesel Alexa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
High spatial resolution isopycnal diffusivities are estimated in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region (28°–40°N, 120°–190°E) from a global ° Parallel Ocean Program (POP) simulation. The numerical float tracks are binned using a clustering approach. The number of tracks in each bin is thus roughly the same leading to diffusivity estimates that converge better than those in bins defined by a regular geographic grid. Cross-stream diffusivities are elevated in the southern recirculation gyre region, near topographic obstacles and downstream in the KE jet, where the flow has weakened. Along-stream diffusivities, which are much larger than cross-stream diffusivities, correlate well with the magnitudes of eddy velocity. The KE jet suppresses cross-stream mixing only in some longitude ranges. This study estimates the critical layer depth both from linear local baroclinic instability analysis and from eddy phase speeds in the POP model using the Radon transform. The latter is a better predictor of large mixing length in the cross-stream direction. Critical layer theory is most applicable in the intense jet regions away from topography.
Construction of minimum-norm fixed points of pseudocontractions in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Marino Giuseppe , Xu Hong-Kun , Liou Yeong-Cheng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
An iterative algorithm is introduced for the construction of the minimum-norm fixed point of a pseudocontraction on a Hilbert space. The algorithm is proved to be strongly convergent.

MSC:47H05, 47H10, 47H17.
Existence and approximation results for SKC mappings in "Equation missing" spaces
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Khan Safeer Hussain , Postolache Mihai 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Recently, Karapınar and Tas (Comput. Math. Appl. 61:3370-3380, 2011) extended the class of Suzuki-generalized nonexpansive mappings to the class of SKC mappings. In this paper, we investigate SKC mappings to get a criterion to guarantee a fixed point, via extending the results proved by Karapınar and Tas into the class of

CAT
(
0
)

spaces. Further, by using Ishikawa-type iteration scheme for two mappings, we derive approximation fixed point sequence. Our results extend, improve and unify some existing results in this direction, such as (Nonlinear Anal. Hybrid Syst. 4:25-31, 2010) by Nanjaras et al. or (Comput. Math. Appl. 61:109-116, 2011) by Khan and Abbas.

MSC:47H09, 47H10, 49M05.
CeO2-based catalysts with engineered morphologies for soot oxidation to enhance soot-catalyst contact
Authors: Miceli Paolo , Bensaid Samir , Russo Nunzio , Fino Debora 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
As morphology plays a relevant role in solid/solid catalysis, where the number of contact points is a critical feature in this kind of reaction, three different ceria morphologies have been investigated in this work as soot oxidation catalysts: ceria nanofibers, which can become organized as a catalytic network inside diesel particulate filter channels and thus trap soot particles at several contact points but have a very low specific surface area (4 m2/g); solution combustion synthesis ceria, which has an uncontrolled morphology but a specific surface area of 31 m2/g; and three-dimensional self-assembled (SA) ceria stars, which have both high specific surface area (105 m2/g) and a high availability of contact points. A high microporous volume of 0.03 cm3/g and a finer crystallite size compared to the other morphologies suggested that self-assembled stars could improve their redox cycling capability and their soot oxidation properties. In this comparison, self-assembled stars have shown the best tendency towards soot oxidation, and the temperature of non-catalytic soot oxidation has dropped from 614°C to 403°C in tight and to 552°C in loose contact conditions, respectively. As far as the loose contact results are concerned, this condition being the most realistic and hence the most significant, self-assembled stars have exhibited the lowest T
10% onset temperature of this trio (even after ageing), thus proving their higher intrinsic activity. Furthermore, the three-dimensional shape of self-assembled stars may involve more of the soot cake layer than the solution combustion synthesis or nanofibers of ceria and thus enhance the total number of contact points. The results obtained through this work have encouraged our efforts to understand soot oxidation and to transpose these results to real diesel particulate filters.
Structural damage of chicken red blood cells exposed to platinum nanoparticles and cisplatin
Authors: Kutwin Marta , Sawosz Ewa , Jaworski Sławomir , Kurantowicz Natalia , Strojny Barbara , Chwalibog André 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Side effects and resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin are major drawbacks to its application, and recently, the possibility of replacing cisplatin with nanocompounds has been considered. Most chemotherapeutic agents are administered intravenously, and comparisons between the interactions of platinum nanoparticles (NP-Pt) and cisplatin with blood compartments are important for future applications. This study investigated structural damage, cell membrane deformation and haemolysis of chicken embryo red blood cells (RBC) after treatment with cisplatin and NP-Pt. Cisplatin (4 μg/ml) and NP-Pt (2,6 μg/ml), when incubated with chicken embryo RBC, were detrimental to cell structure and induced haemolysis. The level of haemolytic injury was increased after cisplatin and NP-Pt treatments compared to the control group. Treatment with cisplatin caused structural damage to cell membranes and the appearance of keratocytes, while NP-Pt caused cell membrane deformations (discoid shape of cells was lost) and the formation of knizocytes and echinocytes. This work demonstrated that NP-Pt have potential applications in anticancer therapy, but potential toxic side effects must be explored in future preclinical research.