bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolving Role of Laparoscopy in Colonic Diverticular Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Kwaan Mary R. , Madoff Robert D. , Willis David , Belzer George E. , Rothenberger David A. , Melton Genevieve B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundA PubMed search of the biomedical literature was carried out to systematically review the role of laparoscopy in colonic diverticular disease. All original reports comparing elective laparoscopic, hand‐assisted, and open colon resection for diverticular disease of the colon, as well as original reports evaluating outcomes after laparoscopic lavage for acute diverticulitis, were considered. Of the 21 articles chosen for final review, nine evaluated laparoscopic versus open elective resection, six compared hand‐assisted colon resection versus conventional laparoscopic resection, and six considered laparoscopic lavage. Five were randomized controlled trials.ResultsElective laparoscopic colon resection for diverticular disease is associated with increased operative time, decreased postoperative pain, fewer postoperative complications, less paralytic ileus, and shorter hospital stay compared to open colectomy. Laparoscopic lavage and drainage appears to be a safe and effective therapy for selected patients with complicated diverticulitis.ConclusionsElective laparoscopic colectomy for diverticular disease is associated with decreased postoperative morbidity compared to open colectomy, leading to shorter hospital stay and fewer costs. Laparoscopic lavage has an increasing but poorly defined role in complicated diverticulitis.
Use of GPS location clusters analysis to study predation, feeding, and maternal behavior of the Eurasian lynx
Authors: Krofel Miha , Skrbinšek Tomaž , Kos Ivan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnalysis of global positioning system (GPS) location clusters (GLCs) is becoming increasingly popular in studies of carnivore ecology. While promising, this application of GPS technology is still poorly developed for most species. We applied this method to study predation and maternal behavior of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Dinaric Mountains. Low population densities, rugged terrain, dense vegetation, and administrative borders make studies of this endangered population using traditional methods and a limited budget very challenging. We used the geographic information system and linear mixed‐effects models to understand the movement of lynx during the consumption process and denning period and estimate lynx kill rates. A total of 99 % of kills were found at GLCs longer than 30 h and with minimum two locations within 300 m. We confirmed 86 % of potential kills and all potential dens that were searched for in the field. High success in predicting kill and den sites showed that the Eurasian lynx is a suitable species for application of the GLC analysis methods. Comparison of field‐confirmed kills with model predictions showed the possibility for remote estimation of approximate kill rates in Eurasian lynx. Movements of the lynx were primarily affected by daytime period, time since the last kill/den translocation, lynx category, and their interactions. Based on the empirical data, we programmed simulations of lynx movements and elaborated recommendations for more efficient field procedures and study designs (GPS schedules) for future studies. We believe that our findings and approach will also benefit studies of other species with similar behavior.
New Approaches to Human Mobility: Using Mobile Phones for Demographic Research
Authors: Palmer John R. B. , Espenshade Thomas J. , Bartumeus Frederic , Chung Chang Y. , Ozgencil Necati Ercan , Li Kathleen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores new methods for gathering and analyzing spatially rich demographic data using mobile phones. It describes a pilot study (the Human Mobility Project) in which volunteers around the world were successfully recruited to share GPS and cellular tower information on their trajectories and respond to dynamic, location-based surveys using an open-source Android application. The pilot study illustrates the great potential of mobile phone methodology for moving spatial measures beyond residential census units and investigating a range of important social phenomena, including the heterogeneity of activity spaces, the dynamic nature of spatial segregation, and the contextual dependence of subjective well-being.
Residential Integration on the New Frontier: Immigrant Segregation in Established and New Destinations
Authors: Hall Matthew 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article explores patterns and determinants of immigrant segregation for 10 immigrant groups in established, new, and minor destination areas. Using a group-specific typology of metropolitan destinations, this study finds that without controls for immigrant-group and metropolitan-level characteristics, immigrants in new destinations are more segregated and immigrants in minor destinations considerably more segregated than their counterparts in established destinations. Neither controls for immigrant-group acculturation or socioeconomic status nor those for demographic, housing, and economic features of metropolitan areas can fully account for the heightened levels of segregation observed in new and minor destinations. Overall, the results offer support for arguments that a diverse set of immigrant groups face challenges to residential incorporation in the new areas of settlement.
Migration Selection, Protection, and Acculturation in Health: A Binational Perspective on Older Adults
Authors: Riosmena Fernando , Wong Rebeca , Palloni Alberto 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, we test for four potential explanations of the Hispanic Health Paradox (HHP): the “salmon bias,” emigration selection, and sociocultural protection originating in either destination or sending country. To reduce biases related to attrition by return migration typical of most U.S.-based surveys, we combine data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study in Mexico and the U.S. National Health Interview Survey to compare self-reported diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, obesity, and self-rated health among Mexican-born men ages 50 and older according to their previous U.S. migration experience, and U.S.-born Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. We also use height, a measure of health during childhood, to bolster some of our tests. We find an immigrant advantage relative to non-Hispanic whites in hypertension and, to a lesser extent, obesity. We find evidence consistent with emigration selection and the salmon bias in height, hypertension, and self-rated health among immigrants with less than 15 years of experience in the United States; we do not find conclusive evidence consistent with sociocultural protection mechanisms. Finally, we illustrate that although ignoring return migrants when testing for the HHP and its mechanisms, as well as for the association between U.S. experience and health, exaggerates these associations, they are not fully driven by return migration-related attrition.
Dynamical degree, arithmetic entropy, and canonical heights for dominant rational self-maps of projective space
Authors: SILVERMAN JOSEPH H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet φ:ℙN⤏ℙN be a dominant rational map. The dynamical degree of φ is the quantity δφ=lim (deg φn)1/n. When φ is defined over ${\bar {{\mathbb {Q}}}}$, we define the arithmetic degree of a point $P\in {\mathbb {P}}^N({\bar {{\mathbb {Q}}}})$ to be αφ(P)=lim sup h(φn(P))1/n and the canonical height of P to be $\hat {h}_\varphi (P)=\limsup \delta _\varphi ^{-n}n^{-\ell _\varphi }h(\varphi ^n(P))$ for an appropriately chosen ℓφ. We begin by proving some elementary relations and making some deep conjectures relating δφ, αφ(P) , ${\hat h}_\varphi (P)$, and the Zariski density of the orbit 𝒪φ(P) of P. We then prove our conjectures for monomial maps.
Evaluation of vegetation cover and land‐surface albedo in MPI‐ESM CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Brovkin V. , Boysen L. , Raddatz T. , Gayler V. , Loew A. , Claussen M. 
Published: November 2012

Key Points
Two metrics are proposed to evaluate vegetation cover simulated by ESMs
On a global scale, tree cover is satisfactory simulated by MPI‐ESM
Land‐surface albedois evaluated using the net surface radiation
Reducing bias in bacterial community analysis of lower respiratory infections
Authors: Rogers Geraint B , Cuthbertson Leah , Hoffman Lucas R , Wing Peter A C , Pope Christopher , Hooftman Danny A P , Lilley Andrew K , Oliver Anna , Carroll Mary P , Bruce Kenneth D , van der Gast Christopher J 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
High-throughput pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) analysis offer greatly improved accuracy and depth of characterisation of lower respiratory infections. However, such approaches suffer from an inability to distinguish between DNA derived from viable and non-viable bacteria. This discrimination represents an important step in characterising microbial communities, particularly in contexts with poor clearance of material or high antimicrobial stress, as non-viable bacteria and extracellular DNA can contribute significantly to analyses. Pre-treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA) is an effective approach to non-viable cell exclusion (NVCE). However, the impact of NVCE on microbial community characteristics (abundance, diversity, composition and structure) is not known. Here, adult cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum samples were used as a paradigm. The effects of PMA treatment on CF sputum bacterial community characteristics, as analysed by pyrosequencing and enumeration by species-specific (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and total bacterial Q-PCR, were assessed. At the local community level, abundances of both total bacteria and of P. aeruginosa were significantly lower in PMA-treated sample portions. Meta-analysis indicated no overall significant differences in diversity; however, PMA treatment resulted in a significant alteration in local community membership in all cases. In contrast, at the metacommunity level, PMA treatment resulted in an increase in community evenness, driven by an increase in diversity, predominately representing rare community members. Importantly, PMA treatment facilitated the detection of both recognised and emerging CF pathogens, significantly influencing ‘core’ and ‘satellite’ taxa group membership. Our findings suggest failure to implement NVCE may result in skewed bacterial community analyses.
Biostimulation induces syntrophic interactions that impact C, S and N cycling in a sediment microbial community
Authors: Handley Kim M , VerBerkmoes Nathan C , Steefel Carl I , Williams Kenneth H , Sharon Itai , Miller Christopher S , Frischkorn Kyle R , Chourey Karuna , Thomas Brian C , Shah Manesh B , Long Philip E , Hettich Robert L , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Stimulation of subsurface microorganisms to induce reductive immobilization of metals is a promising approach for bioremediation, yet the overall microbial community response is typically poorly understood. Here we used proteogenomics to test the hypothesis that excess input of acetate activates complex community functioning and syntrophic interactions among autotrophs and heterotrophs. A flow-through sediment column was incubated in a groundwater well of an acetate-amended aquifer and recovered during microbial sulfate reduction. De novo reconstruction of community sequences yielded near-complete genomes of Desulfobacter (Deltaproteobacteria), Sulfurovum- and Sulfurimonas-like Epsilonproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Partial genomes were obtained for Clostridiales (Firmicutes) and Desulfuromonadales-like Deltaproteobacteria. The majority of proteins identified by mass spectrometry corresponded to Desulfobacter-like species, and demonstrate the role of this organism in sulfate reduction (Dsr and APS), nitrogen fixation and acetate oxidation to CO2 during amendment. Results indicate less abundant Desulfuromonadales, and possibly Bacteroidetes, also actively contributed to CO2 production via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Proteomic data indicate that sulfide was partially re-oxidized by Epsilonproteobacteria through nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation (using Nap, Nir, Nos, SQR and Sox), with CO2 fixed using the reverse TCA cycle. We infer that high acetate concentrations, aimed at stimulating anaerobic heterotrophy, led to the co-enrichment of, and carbon fixation in Epsilonproteobacteria. Results give an insight into ecosystem behavior following addition of simple organic carbon to the subsurface, and demonstrate a range of biological processes and community interactions were stimulated.
Hyperluminous reddened broad-line quasars at z ∼ 2 from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey and WISE all-sky survey
Authors: Banerji Manda , McMahon Richard G. , Hewett Paul C. , Gonzalez-Solares Eduardo , Koposov Sergey E. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We present the first sample of spectroscopically confirmed heavily reddened broad-line quasars selected using the new near-infrared VISTA Hemisphere Survey and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky survey. Observations of four candidates with (J − K) &gt; 2.5 and K ≤ 16.5 over ∼180 deg2 lead to confirmation that two are highly dust-reddened broad-line Type 1 quasars at z ∼ 2. The typical dust extinctions are AV ∼ 2–2.5 mag. We measure black hole masses of ∼109 M⊙ and extinction-corrected bolometric luminosities of ∼1047 erg s−1, making them some of the brightest Type 1 quasars currently known. Despite this, these quasars lie well below the detection limits of wide-field optical surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with iAB &gt; 22. We also present WISE photometry at 3–22 μm, for our full sample of spectroscopically confirmed reddened quasars including those selected from the UKIDSS Large Area Survey. We demonstrate that the rest-frame infrared spectral energy distributions of these reddened quasars are similar to ultraviolet-luminous Type 1 quasars with significant hot dust emission and starburst quasar hosts like Mrk 231. The average 12-μm flux density of our reddened quasars is similar to that of the recently discovered hyperluminous infrared galaxy (HyLIRG) WISE 1814+3412 (z = 2.452) at similar redshifts, with two of our reddened quasars also having comparable 22-μm flux densities to this extreme HyLIRG. These optically faint, heavily reddened broad-line quasars are therefore among the most mid-infrared-luminous galaxies at z ∼ 2, now being discovered using WISE.
Effect of High β‐Palmitate Content in Infant Formula on the Intestinal Microbiota of Term Infants
Authors: Yaron Sima , Shachar Dina , Abramas Lee , Riskin Arik , Bader David , Litmanovitz Ita , Bar‐Yoseph Fabiana , Cohen Tzafra , Levi Liora , Lifshitz Yael , Shamir Raanan , Shaoul Ron 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:Palmitic acid (PA) constitutes 17% to 25% of the human milk fatty acids, and ∼70% is esterified in the sn‐2 position of triglycerides (β‐palmitate). In the sn‐2 position, PA is not hydrolyzed and thus is efficiently absorbed. The PA in palm oils, commonly used in infant formulas, is esterified in the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions. In these positions, PA is hydrolyzed and forms poorly absorbed calcium complexes. The present study assessed whether high β‐palmitate in infant formulas affects the intestinal flora.Methods:Thirty‐six term infants were enrolled: 14 breast‐fed (BF group) and 22 formula‐fed infants who were randomly assigned to receive formula containing high β‐palmitate (HBP group, n = 14), or low β‐palmitate (LBP group, n = 8), where 44% and 14% of the PA was β‐palmitate, respectively. The total amount of PA in the formulas was 19% and 22% in the LBP and HBP groups, respectively. Neither formula contained pre‐ or probiotics. Stool samples were collected at enrollment and at 6 weeks for the quantification of bacteria.Results:At 6 weeks, the HBP and BF groups had higher Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria counts than the LBP group (P < 0.01). The Lactobacillus counts at 6 weeks were not significantly different between the HBP and BF groups. Lactobacillus counts were 1.2 × 1010, 1.2 × 1011, and 5.6 × 1010 CFU/g for LBP, HBP, and BF groups, respectively. Bifidobacteria counts were 5.1 × 109, 1.2 × 1011, and 3.9 × 1010 CFU/g for LBP, HBP, and BF groups, respectively.Conclusions:HBP formula beneficially affected infant gut microbiota by increasing the Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria counts in fecal stools.
The seeds of disaster
Authors: Hinshelwood R.D. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the dynamics of communities which decline and die.Design/methodology/approachThe example of the Marlborough Day Hospital in the 1970s is used and analysed as a form of fieldwork.FindingsIt was found that the demise of the community can be traced to ambiguities in the attitudes to authority on which the development of the community was based in the first place.Practical implicationsThe demise of a therapeutic community is a common occurrence, and often attributed to the unfriendly attentions of some outside agency. But the paper explores the possibility that certain internal dynamics within the community need examination as well as the relations to the outside world, and the hosting organisation.Originality/valueThe findings add to the importance of understanding the dynamics of therapeutic communities, not just for their therapeutic benefit, but for the survival of the community itself.
A checklist of standards for democratic therapeutic communities
Authors: Kennard David , Lees Janine 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to grasp the nettle of developing a “checklist” of standards that can be used to accredit a therapeutic community, which are concrete enough to be objectively assessed as present to a greater or lesser degree, but at the same time reflect the daily living learning experience of a therapeutic community in a way that practitioners will recognise as a true picture of what they do or try to do.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the development of a set of auditable standards for democratic therapeutic communities, and the results of an initial pilot study. The original 60‐item checklist is attached.FindingsThe Kennard‐Lees Audit Checklist (KLAC) was developed out of an accreditation structure proposed to the ATC by Morris in 1998. This was developed by the present authors into 42 specific items which were posted for comment and suggestions on the ATC website in October 1999. A modified version was then discussed with the Prison Service, as a result of which a number of further items were added, resulting in the 60 items versions that was published on the ATC website in October 2000.Originality/valueThe checklist provides a set of auditable standards acceptable to managers, practitioners and residents of TCs. This early work acts as a measure for how things have changed since 2001.
Impact evaluation of the Act‐Belong‐Commit mental health promotion campaign
Authors: Anwar‐McHenry Julia , Donovan Robert J. , Jalleh Geoffrey , Laws Amberlee 
Published: November 2012

PurposeAct‐Belong‐Commit is a community‐based positive mental health promotion campaign that targets individuals to engage in activities that enhance their mental health while targeting community organisations that provide such activities to promote their activities under the banner of the Act‐Belong‐Commit message. This paper aims to detail key findings from a population impact evaluation of the campaign conducted in 2010.Design/methodology/approachComputer‐assisted telephone interviews (CATI) were conducted on a randomly selected adult sample (n=1,113) using quotas to obtain equal representation by age and gender. The questionnaire contained items gauging campaign reach, the impact of the campaign on individual beliefs and behaviours, and perceived societal impact of the campaign on mental illness stigma and openness to mental health issues.FindingsThe campaign reached 75 per cent of the population. Amongst those exposed to the campaign, 25 per cent reported changing the way they thought about mental health and mental illness, and 20 per cent reported some behaviour change. The campaign was perceived to be effective in making people more open about mental health issues (77 per cent of reached respondents) and reducing stigma surrounding mental illness (68 per cent of reached respondents).Practical implicationsThe campaign provides a framework for increasing mental health literacy on a population scale.Originality/valueWith its focus on the positive aspects of mental health, the paper shows that the campaign is unique in promoting behaviours that people can and should do to build and maintain good mental health, while also encouraging community organisations and groups that provide mentally healthy activities to partner with the campaign to make mental health “everybody's business”.
Transmission dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in a bird tick community
Authors: Heylen Dieter , Tijsse Ellen , Fonville Manoj , Matthysen Erik , Sprong Hein 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWe examined the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato circulation in a tick community consisting of three species (Ixodes ricinus, I. frontalis, I. arboricola) with contrasting ecologies, but sharing two European songbird hosts (Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus). Parus major had the highest infestation rates, primarily due to larger numbers of I. ricinus, and probably because of their greater low‐level foraging. The prevalence of Borrelia in feeding ticks did not significantly differ between the two bird species; however, P. major in particular hosted large numbers of Borrelia‐infected I. frontalis and I. ricinus larvae, suggesting that the species facilitates Borrelia transmission. The low but significant numbers of Borrelia in questing I. arboricola ticks also provides the first field data to suggest that it is competent in maintaining Borrelia. Aside from Borrelia garinii, a high number of less dominant genospecies was observed, including several mammalian genospecies and the first record of Borrelia turdi for North‐Western Europe. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato IGS genotypes were shared between I. arboricola and I. ricinus and between I. frontalis and I. ricinus, but not between I. arboricola and I. frontalis. This suggests that the Borrelia spp. transmission cycles can be maintained by bird‐specific ticks, and bridged by I. ricinus to other hosts outside bird‐tick cycles.
Does use of a World Health Organization obstetric safe surgery checklist improve communication between obstetricians and anaesthetists? A retrospective study of 389 caesarean sections
Authors: Mohammed A , Wu J , Biggs T , Ofili‐Yebovi D , Cox M , Pacquette S , Duffy S 
Published: November 2012

We evaluated the impact of the World Health Organization Obstetric Safe Surgery Checklist (WHO Checklist) on perioperative communication between anaesthetists and obstetricians by performing a retrospective audit in a Teaching hospital in London, UK. Caesarean section births from February to March 2009 and April to May 2011 were studied. Caesarean section notes from obstetricians and anaesthetists managing the same woman during the study period were reviewed. Grading differences between obstetricians and anaesthetists before and after checklist introduction were evaluated. Communication failure (where obstetricians and anaesthetists had documented different caesarean section grades [level of urgency]) and good communication (where obstetricians and anaesthetists had documented the same caesarean section grade) were observed. In total, 195 caesarean sections before introduction of the WHO safe surgery checklist and 194 caesarean sections after checklist introduction were studied. Grading differences occurred in 24.1% of caesarean sections without checklists compared with 10.3% with checklists (P < 0.001). During emergency caesarean section alone, grading differences between obstetricians and anaesthetists were smaller, although this was not significant (P = 0.222). We conclude that implementation of a WHO Obstetric Safe Surgery checklist improves the communication of caesarean section grade (urgency) between obstetricians and anaesthetists.