bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Synthetic Capabilities of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Tailoring Enzymes: Characterization of the UK‐68,597 Biosynthetic Cluster
Authors: Yim Grace , Kalan Lindsay , Koteva Kalinka , Thaker Maulik N. , Waglechner Nicholas , Tang Irene , Wright Gerard D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this study, a draft genome sequence of Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 53533 was assembled, and an 81‐kb biosynthetic cluster for the unusual sulfated glycopeptide UK‐68,597 was identified. Glycopeptide antibiotics are important in the treatment of infections caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. Glycopeptides contain heptapeptide backbones that are modified by many tailoring enzymes, including glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, methyltransferases, and halogenases, generating extensive chemical and functional diversity. Several tailoring enzymes in the cluster were examined in vitro for their ability to modify glycopeptides, resulting in the synthesis of novel molecules. Tailoring enzymes were also expressed in the producer of the glycopeptide aglycone A47934, generating additional chemical diversity. This work characterizes the biosynthetic program of UK‐68,597 and demonstrates the capacity to expand glycopeptide chemical diversity by harnessing the unique chemistry of tailoring enzymes.
NuMED covered cheatham‐platinum stent™ for the treatment or prevention of right ventricular outflow tract conduit disruption during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Bishnoi Ram N. , Jones Thomas K. , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Ringel Richard E. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveRetrospectively assess the frequency of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduit disruption during transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) and the effectiveness and safety of NuMED Covered Cheatham‐Platinum Stents™ (CCPS) for its prevention or treatment.BackgroundThere have been no published reports to date describing the safety and effectiveness of covered stents to prevent or treat RVOT conduit disruption during TPVR.MethodsData regarding 251 TPVR procedures performed at multiple US investigational sites were retrospectively reviewed to explore the incidence and potential predictors of conduit disruption. In addition, data on the use of 69 CCPS implanted in 50 patients during TPVR was reviewed.ResultsThe overall incidence of conduit disruption requiring intervention was 6%. The only predictor identified was a very elevated RVOT conduit systolic pressure gradient. A pre‐existing conduit tear was present in nine, while 31 developed tears after conduit dilation and three, after TPVR. The CCPS was used prophylactically in seven. Conduit tears were prevented or repaired in 49/50 patients. No CCPS‐related acute complications were reported. At 6‐month follow‐up, no patient had more than mild pulmonary regurgitation and the mean Doppler RVOT gradient (12.7 ± 5.8 mm Hg) comparing favorably with that reported in the Melody TPV® IDE trial (20.0 ± 8.6 mm Hg).ConclusionCCPS implantation can successfully treat RVOT conduit disruption without negative impact on the TPV function. This retrospective analysis suggests high RVOT conduit systolic pressure gradient is a risk factor for conduit tears during TPVR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implantation of the new Nit‐Occlud PDA‐R device in children below 10 kilogram
Authors: Moysich Axel , Happel Christoph M. , Laser Kai T. , Kececioglu Deniz , Haas Nikolaus A. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundInterventional closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has become a common and safe procedure in most pediatric cath labs. Interventional treatment of PDAs still remains a challenge in those children with low body weight and a large PDA. The Nit‐Occlud PDA‐R® device was developed and especially designed for large PDAs. We report our most recent experience in children with a body weight lower than 10 kg.Materials and MethodsThe PDA‐R® device was used in seven children (age 1–10, median 6 months) with a body weight from 4.1 to 9.7 kg (median 5.9 kg): ductal length was 12 mm (median), with a large ampulla (median 9 mm) which exceeded the diameter of the aorta (median 6 mm) and large diameter (median minimal diameter 4 mm). In six cases, the Nit‐Occlud PDA‐R was selected with an aortic disc of 12 mm and in one case an occluder with an aortic disc of 14 mm.ResultsOcclusion of the PDA was documented by angiography and/or echocardiography in all cases. At a mean follow‐up of 21.4 months, no flow obstruction to the left or right pulmonary artery or new onset coarctation of the aorta was noted.ConclusionsThe Nit‐Occlud PDA‐R® device is suitable in children with a body weight below 10 kg when a relative large PDA is present. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetically Encoded Luminescent Composite Nanoparticles through Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Song Erqun , Han Weiye , Xu Hongyan , Jiang Yunfei , Cheng Dan , Song Yang , Swihart Mark T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSensitive and rapid detection of multiple analytes and the collection of components from complex samples are important in fields ranging from bioassays/chemical assays, clinical diagnosis, to environmental monitoring. A convenient strategy for creating magnetically encoded luminescent CdTe@SiO2@n Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles, by using a layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly approach based on electrostatic interactions, is described. Silica‐coated CdTe quantum dots (CdTe@SiO2) serve as core templates for the deposition of alternating layers of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride), to construct CdTe@SiO2@n Fe3O4 (n=1, 2, 3, …︁) composite nanoparticles with a defined number (n) of Fe3O4 layers. Composite nanoparticles were characterized by zeta‐potential analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the CdTe@SiO2@n Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles exhibited excellent luminescence properties coupled with well‐defined magnetic responses. To demonstrate the utility of these magnetically encoded nanoparticles for near‐simultaneous detection and separation of multiple components from complex samples, three different fluorescently labeled IgG proteins, as model targets, were identified and collected from a mixture by using the CdTe@SiO2@n Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
A Peptide Dendron‐Based Shrinkable Metallo‐Hydrogel for Charged Species Separation and Stepwise Release of Drugs
Authors: Qin Long , Xie Fan , Duan Pengfei , Liu Minghua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA shrinkable supramolecular metallo‐hydrogel based on the L‐glutamic acid dendron and magnesium showed reversible volume‐phase transition depending on pH changes. The hydrogel further showed selective shrinkage upon addition of positively charged species, while it remained in the gel state when negatively charged species were incorporated. Based on this property, the gel could be used as the matrix to efficiently separate ionic dye mixtures, in which the cationic dye was incorporated predominantly in the shrunken gel, while the negatively charged dye was released into the aqueous solution. More interestingly, the shrinkable gel can be used as a model drug‐delivery vehicle for the stepwise release of a two‐component drug system, in which the negatively charged drug is released first and then the second component is released with a pH trigger.
Label‐Free Photoelectrochemical Detection of Double‐Stranded HIV DNA by Means of a Metallointercalator‐Functionalized Electrogenerated Polymer
Authors: Haddache Fatima , Le Goff Alan , Reuillard Bertrand , Gorgy Karine , Gondran Chantal , Spinelli Nicolas , Defrancq Eric , Cosnier Serge 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe design of photoactive functionalized electrodes for the sensitive transduction of double‐stranded DNA hybridization is reported. Multifunctional complex [Ru(bpy‐pyrrole)2(dppn)]2+ (bpy‐pyrrole=4‐methyl‐4′‐butylpyrrole‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dppn=benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine) exhibiting photosensitive, DNA‐intercalating, and electropolymerizable properties was synthesized and characterized. The pyrrole groups undergo oxidative electropolymerization on planar electrodes forming a metallopolymer layer on the electrode. Thanks to the photoelectrochemical and intercalating properties of the immobilized RuII complex, the binding of a double‐stranded HIV DNA target was photoelectrochemically detected on planar electrodes. Photocurrent generation through visible irradiation was correlated to the interaction between double‐stranded DNA and the metallointercalator polymer. These interactions were well fitted by using a Langmuir isotherm, which allowed a dissociation constant of 2×106 L mol−1 to be estimated. The low detection limit of 1 fmol L−1 and sensitivity of 0.01 units per decade demonstrate excellent suitability of these modified electrodes for detection of duplex DNA.
Batch versus Flow Photochemistry: A Revealing Comparison of Yield and Productivity
Authors: Elliott Luke D. , Knowles Jonathan P. , Koovits Paul J. , Maskill Katie G. , Ralph Michael J. , Lejeune Guillaume , Edwards Lee J. , Robinson Richard I. , Clemens Ian R. , Cox Brian , Pascoe David D. , Koch Guido , Eberle Martin , Berry Malcolm B. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe use of flow photochemistry and its apparent superiority over batch has been reported by a number of groups in recent years. To rigorously determine whether flow does indeed have an advantage over batch, a broad range of synthetic photochemical transformations were optimized in both reactor modes and their yields and productivities compared. Surprisingly, yields were essentially identical in all comparative cases. Even more revealing was the observation that the productivity of flow reactors varied very little to that of their batch counterparts when the key reaction parameters were matched. Those with a single layer of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) had an average productivity 20 % lower than that of batch, whereas three‐layer reactors were 20 % more productive. Finally, the utility of flow chemistry was demonstrated in the scale‐up of the ring‐opening reaction of a potentially explosive [1.1.1] propellane with butane‐2,3‐dione.
Ring‐Shaped Silafluorene Derivatives as Efficient Solid‐State UV‐Fluorophores: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Cai Yuanjing , Samedov Kerim , Dolinar Brian S. , Albright Haley , Guzei Ilia A. , Hu Rongrong , Zhang Chaocan , West Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFour ring‐shaped silafluorene‐containing compounds (1–4) were synthesized and characterized as potentially promising monomers for fluorescent polymers. Their optical properties in solution and solid state (thin film and powder) were studied. These compounds have low quantum yields in solution (Φfl=0.13‐0.15) with fluorescence maxima at about 355 nm, but high quantum yields in the solid state (powder, Φfl=0.35‐0.54) with fluorescence maxima at about 377 and 488 nm. Influence of the substituents and the number of silafluorene units in 1–4 on their optical properties was investigated. Extensive study of the X‐ray crystal structures of 1–4 was undertaken to analyze and qualitatively estimate the role, extent, and influence of silafluorene moieties’ interactions on solid‐state fluorescent properties. Excited state UV/Vis and theoretical molecular orbital (MO) calculations were performed to explore possible fluorescence mechanisms and differences in quantum yields among these compounds.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Origins of Au250 Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Hesari Mahdi , Workentin Mark S. , Ding Zhifeng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAu clusters with protecting organothiolate ligands and core diameters less than 2 nm are molecule‐like structures, suitable for catalysis, optoelectronics and biology applications. The spectroscopy and electrochemistry of Au250 (Au25[(SCH2CH2Ph)18], SCH2CH2Ph=2‐phenylethanethiol) allowed us to construct a Latimer‐type diagram for the first time, which revealed a rich photoelectrochemistry of the cluster and the unique relationship to its various oxidation states and corresponding excited states. The occurrence of cluster electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was examined in the presence of tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) as a co‐reactant and was discovered to be in the near‐infrared (NIR) region with peak wavelengths of 860, 865, and 960 nm, emitted by Au25+*, Au250*, and Au25−*, respectively. The light emissions, with an efficiency up to 103 % relative to that of the efficient Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA system, depended on the kinetics of the reactions between the electrogenerated TPrA radical and Au25z (z=2+, 1+, 1−, and 2−) in the vicinity of the electrode or the bulk Au250. These thermodynamic and kinetic origins were further explored by means of spooling ECL and photoluminescence spectroscopy during a sweep of the potential or at a constant potential applied to the working electrode. NIR‐ECL emissions of the cluster can be tuned in wavelength and intensity by adjusting the applied potential and TPrA concentration based on the above discoveries.
A Review of the Iron–Air Secondary Battery for Energy Storage
Authors: McKerracher R. D. , Ponce de Leon Carlos , Wills R. G. A. , Shah A. A. , Walsh Frank C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent interest in the iron–air flow battery, known since the 1970s, has been driven by incentives to develop low‐cost, environmentally friendly and robust rechargeable batteries. With a predicted open‐circuit potential of 1.28 V, specific charge capacity of <300 A h kg−1 and reported efficiencies of 96, 40 and 35 % for charge, voltage and energy, respectively, the iron–air system could be well suited for a range of applications, including automotive. A number of challenges still need to be resolved, including: efficient and moderate‐cost bifunctional oxygen electrodes, low‐cost iron electrodes able to decrease corrosion and hydrogen evolution, new cell designs using additive manufacturing technologies and mathematical models to improve battery performance. This Minireview considers the thermodynamics and kinetics aspects of the iron–air battery, the operational variables and cell components, thereby highlighting current challenges and assessing recent developments.
The unfolding water drama in the Anthropocene: towards a resilience‐based perspective on water for global sustainability
Authors: Rockström J. , Falkenmark M. , Allan T. , Folke C. , Gordon L. , Jägerskog A. , Kummu M. , Lannerstad M. , Meybeck M. , Molden D. , Postel S. , Savenije H.H.G. , Svedin U. , Turton A. , Varis O. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe human influence on the global hydrological cycle is now the dominant force behind changes in water resources across the world and in regulating the resilience of the Earth system. The rise in human pressures on global freshwater resources is in par with other anthropogenic changes in the Earth system (from climate to ecosystem change), which has prompted science to suggest that humanity has entered a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. This paper focuses on the critical role of water for resilience of social‐ecological systems across scales, by avoiding major regime shifts away from stable environmental conditions, and in safeguarding life‐support systems for human wellbeing. It highlights the dramatic increase of water crowding: near‐future challenges for global water security and expansion of food production in competition with carbon sequestration and biofuel production. It addresses the human alterations of rainfall stability, due to both land‐use changes and climate change, the ongoing overuse of blue water, reflected in river depletion, expanding river basin closure, groundwater overexploitation and water pollution risks. The rising water turbulence in the Anthropocene changes the water research and policy agenda, from a water‐resource efficiency to a water resilience focus. This includes integrated land and water stewardship to sustain wetness‐dependent ecological functions at the landscape scale and a stronger emphasis on green water management for ecosystem services. A new paradigm of water governance emerges, encouraging land‐use practices that explicitly take account of the multifunctional roles of water, with adequate attention to planetary freshwater boundaries and cross‐scale interactions. © 2014 The Authors. Ecohydrology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modular Access to Highly Functionalised Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , Khairnar Bhushan B. , Brandi Alberto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHighly functionalised tetrahydroquinolines have been obtained by a modular approach consisting of a nitrone 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to 2‐bromostyrene followed by isoxazolidine N–O cleavage and copper‐catalysed aromatic N‐substitution/cyclisation. A 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,8‐naphthyridine was obtained in the same way.
Simulation‐based design of a microfabricated pneumatic electrospray nebulizer
Authors: Jarvas Gabor , Grym Jakub , Foret Frantisek , Guttman Andras 
Published: September 2014

A microfabricated pneumatic electrospray nebulizer has been developed and evaluated using computer simulations and experimental measurements of the MS signals. The microdevice under development is designed for electrospray MS interfacing without the need to fabricate an electrospray needle and can be used as a disposable or an integral part of a reusable system. The design of the chip layout was supported by computational fluid dynamics simulations. The tested microdevices were fabricated in glass using conventional photolithography, followed by wet chemical etching and thermal bonding. The performance of the microfabricated nebulizer was evaluated by means of TOF‐MS with a peptide mixture. It was demonstrated that the nebulizer, operating at supersonic speed of the nebulizing gas, produced very stable nanospray (900 nL/min) as documented by less than 0.1% (SE) fluctuation in total mass spectrometric signal intensity.
On Medical Progress and Health Care Demand: A Ces Perspective Using the Grossman Model of Health Status
Authors: Batinti Alberto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractI propose an application of the pure‐consumption version of the Grossman model of health care demand, where utility depends on consumption and health status and health status on medical care and health technology. I derive the conditions under which an improvement in health care technology leads to an increase/decrease in health care consumption. In particular, I show how the direction of the effect depends on the relationship between the constant elasticity of substitution parameters of the utility and health production functions. I find that, under the constancy assumption, the ratio of the two elasticity of substitution parameters determines the direction of a technological change on health care demand. On the other hand, the technology share parameter in the health production function contributes to the size but not to the direction of the technological effect. I finally explore how the ratio of the elasticity of substitution parameters work in measurement and practice and discuss how future research may use the theoretical insight provided here. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ILL‐STRUCTURED PROBLEMS AS MULTIPLE‐CHOICE ITEMS
Authors: Ward William C. , Carlson Sybil B. , Woisetschlaeger Erich 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA new item type was developed, incorporating features of “ill‐structured” problems in a multiple‐choice format. The problems are similar to previously developed scientific thinking tasks in requiring the examinee to go beyond the information provided; they resemble a variant of the logical reasoning item type, but demand somewhat more structuring by the examinee of the set of assumptions needed to solve the problem.A pretest was carried out to compare the new item type with two variants of the logical reasoning item type; a second study, using preexisting data, compared these two variants with one another. In neither case was there any indication that problems identified as “ill‐structured” measured different aspects of ability than do “well‐structured” problems. The new item type might be employed in tests of reasoning for the sake of increasing the variety of item types available for test construction, but would not be expected to extend the range of cognitive skills assessed by the tests.
THE SEARCH FOR COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Authors: Baird Leonard L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis review attempts to identify generic competencies in communication that may be amenable to assessment. Concentrating on research based literature, the review examines the models, methods, and research reviews that have been used to study communication. From these sources four areas of skill were identified: listening, empathy, non‐verbal communication, and expressive abilities. The research relating to the definitions of subskills within these areas is discussed, as well as the difficulties in assessing the skills.
COMPARISON OF IRT OBSERVED‐SCORE AND TRUE‐SCORE ‘EQUATINGS’*
Authors: Lord Frederic M. , Wingersky Marilyn S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTwo methods of ‘equating’ tests using item response theory are compared, one using true scores, the other using the estimated distribution of observed scores. On the data studied, they yield almost indistinguishable results. This is a reassuring result for users of IRT equating methods.
PREDICTING PREDICTABILITY: THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENT AND INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PREDICTION OF GRADES
Authors: Baird Leonard L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis is a report of a study that examined the statistical and institutional influences on the prediction of first‐year college grades. The basic sources of information were the Validity Study Services file which summarizes the results of College Board validity studies and the College Handbook file which includes data about college characteristics. The criterion was the size of the multiple correlation between academic predictors and first‐year college grades. The independent variables were the statistical data of the validity study and college characteristics. In general it was found, as expected, that the extent of the variation of the academic ability of the students was positively related to the size of the multiple correlation. In addition, several variables suggested the interpretation that the heterogeneity of the programs and experience of college were negatively related to the size of the multiple correlation.Further analyses investigated the characteristics that were associated with the greater or lesser efficiency of sat‐verbal scores and sat‐mathematical scores in the prediction of grades. Similar analyses examined the characteristics associated with greater or lesser efficiency of sat scores and the high school record. Finally, the prediction of grades at colleges of different selectivity was examined. In all of these analyses evidence was provided for the influence of institutional characteristics on the prediction of grades, an influence that needs to be taken into account when interpreting the “validity” of tests like the sat.