bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of needs related to the practice of self‐care for minor illness
Authors: Gustafsson Silje , Vikman Irene , Sävenstedt Stefan , Martinsson Jesper 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe people's perceptions of needs to feel confident in self‐care for minor illnesses as well as their perceptions about supporting and obstructing factors in the practice of self‐care.BackgroundMinor illness constitutes a large part of primary care, and patients' attendance to doctors' appointments for minor illness has been seen to increase future attendance for the same condition. Almost half of the consultations with telenurses result in the provision of self‐care advice.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodPrimary data were collected using a questionnaire, and the study participants (n = 315) were randomly selected from the national Swedish address register.ResultsHaving knowledge and receiving health care advice and reliable information were perceived to be needs in order for participants to feel confident in self‐care. Having family or friends to consult with was perceived to be a positive factor influencing confidence in self‐care, especially for persons under the age of 35. Health care services were perceived to support self‐care practice by offering easy access to care, giving information about self‐care, and offering increased follow‐up after consultations. Lack of knowledge, along with difficulties being away from work, were obstructing factors in the practice of self‐care.ConclusionsYoung age was the factor influencing people's perceptions of needs and supporting factors the most. Young age and low knowledge scores about minor illnesses were the two factors that had the most influence on perceived obstructing factors.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a major role in the promotion of self‐care and in the dissemination of self‐care advice. If health care services fail to meet the needs of care‐seekers with minor illnesses, patients might turn to out‐of‐hours clinics and emergency departments for help.
Emergency nurses' perceptions of sedation management practices for critically ill intubated patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Varndell Wayne , Fry Margaret , Elliott Doug 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore factors influencing practices in assessing, titrating and managing sedation for the critically ill intubated patients, from the perspective of emergency nurses.BackgroundThe number of critically ill patients presenting to Australian public Emergency Departments has increased by over 30% since 1980. Emergency nurses are increasingly relied upon to manage sedation of critically ill intubated patients. There is little evidence within international literature relating to how emergency nurses accomplish this.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodA purposive sample of 15 experienced emergency nurses participated in semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe qualitative analysis yielded five themes: becoming the resuscitation nurse; becoming confident as the resuscitation nurse; communicating about sedation; visual cues and the vanishing act. The safety and quality of sedation experienced by critically ill intubated patients in ED was the responsibility of emergency nurses, yet uncertainties and barriers were evident.ConclusionPatient continuity of care, including optimisation of comfort relies upon the knowledge, skills and expertise of the emergency nurse allocated to the resuscitation area. For most nurses transitioning into the resuscitation nurse role, it represents the first time they will have had contact with patients with highly complex needs and sedation. The use of self‐directed clinical workbooks and supervised clinical practice alone may be insufficient to adequately prepare nurses for the spectrum of critically ill sedated patients managed in the resuscitation area; a situation made worse in the presence of poor team communication.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study should assist in the development of policy and formal education of emergency nurses transitioning into the resuscitation area and the management of continuous intravenous sedation to critically ill mechanically ventilated patients is required.
Excessive bleeding predictors after cardiac surgery in adults: integrative review
Authors: Lopes Camila Takao , dos Santos Talita Raquel , Brunori Evelise Helena Fadini Reis , Moorhead Sue A , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Barros Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesTo integrate literature data on the predictors of excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery in adults.BackgroundPerioperative nursing care requires awareness of the risk factors for excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery to assure vigilance prioritising and early correction of those that are modifiable.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsArticles were searched in seven databases. Seventeen studies investigating predictive factors for excessive bleeding after open‐heart surgery from 2004–2014 were included.ResultsPredictors of excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery were: Patient‐related: male gender, higher preoperative haemoglobin levels, lower body mass index, diabetes mellitus, impaired left ventricular function, lower amount of prebypass thrombin generation, lower preoperative platelet counts, decreased preoperative platelet aggregation, preoperative platelet inhibition level >20%, preoperative thrombocytopenia and lower preoperative fibrinogen concentration. Procedure‐related: the operating surgeon, coronary artery bypass surgery with three or more bypasses, use of the internal mammary artery, duration of surgery, increased cross‐clamp time, increased cardiopulmonary bypass time, lower intraoperative core body temperature and bypass‐induced haemostatic disorders. Postoperative: fibrinogen levels and metabolic acidosis.ConclusionsPatient‐related, procedure‐related and postoperative predictors of excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery were identified.Relevance to clinical practiceThe predictors summarised in this review can be used for risk stratification of excessive bleeding after cardiac surgery. Assessment, documentation and case reporting can be guided by awareness of these factors, so that postoperative vigilance can be prioritised. Timely identification and correction of the modifiable factors can be facilitated.
Role of the Lebanese family caregivers in cardiac self‐care: a collective approach
Authors: Dumit Nuhad Y , Abboud Sarah , Massouh Angela , Magilvy Joan K 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of cardiac self‐care among Lebanese family caregivers of cardiac patients. The specific aims were to describe the cultural context of cardiac care‐giving in Lebanon and to explore the roles of family caregivers in enhancing self‐care practices in patients with cardiac diseases.BackgroundThe role of family caregivers in Lebanon, a country in the Middle East, is assumed to extend beyond care‐giving to making decisions on behalf of the patient and assuming responsibility for patient care. To date, there has been no study done to empirically validate this impression.DesignThe design of the study is qualitative descriptive that used semi‐structured individual interviews with family caregivers of Lebanese cardiac patients.MethodThirteen family caregivers of cardiac patients were recruited from a referral medical centre in Lebanon. The participants were designated by their patients and interviewed in a place of their choice.ResultsOne overarching and three themes emerged from data analysis describing roles of family care givers in cardiac self‐care. The overarching theme was: Family caregivers of Lebanese cardiac patients were unfamiliar with the term, concept and meaning of Self‐Care. The moral and emotional duty to care for the family member stemmed from obligation and responsibility towards patients (theme I). Interdependent care (theme II) between cardiac patients and their families emerged as a significant cultural role. Family members play multiple supportive roles in care‐giving namely emotional, informational and instrumental role (theme III).ConclusionIn this study, family caregiver role is shown to be based in the sense of obligation and duty towards the sick family member who collectively provide different types of supportive care.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses have to give significant importance to the family caregiver role as an integral part of any culturally sensitive patient/family intervention.
Mode of delivery and birthweight among teenage and adult primigravida Saudi women: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Mohamed Abdelrahim Awadelkarim Abdelrahman , Almalaq Abdulrahman Ahmed Abdullah , Almansour Raed Dawood Mohammed , Alanazi Haitham Samer Abdulaziz , Al‐Khamali Mohammad Mosa , Shommo Sohair Ali Mohammed 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the mode of delivery and birthweight among teenagers in comparison to adult pregnant Saudi women.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective comparative study. We included all primigravid teenage girls aged 19 years or younger and adult women aged 20–29 years with singleton term normal pregnancies who delivered at Hail Maternity Hospital during 1 January–31 December 2013.ResultsIncidence of vaginal delivery among teenagers was higher than that in adults, at 105 (80.2%) and 588 (70.5%), respectively. There was a lower incidence of vacuum extraction and cesarean section among the teenage group compared to the adult group (1 [0.8%] vs 25 [3.0%], and 25 [19.1%] vs 221 [26.5%], respectively [P > 0.05]). Incidence of low birthweight among the teenage group was higher than that in adults (28 [21.4%] and 84 [10.1%], respectively [P < 0.05]).ConclusionOur study concluded that teenage pregnancy is associated with a high risk of low birthweight (P < 0.05). Adult mothers experienced more cesarean section and vacuum extraction deliveries (P > 0.05). Adequate antenatal care, community education and raising awareness might decrease the number of teenage pregnancies, which was 13.6% in our study.
The effect of evidence type, identification accuracy, line‐up presentation, and line‐up administration on observers' perceptions of eyewitnesses
Authors: Beaudry Jennifer L. , Lindsay Roderick C. L. , Leach Amy‐May , Mansour Jamal K. , Bertrand Michelle I. , Kalmet Natalie 
Published: August 2015

PurposePeople tend to believe eyewitness testimony and have difficulty assessing the accuracy of eyewitness identifications. This study examines observers' perceptions of eyewitness identifications made under various line‐up presentation and administration conditions. We also investigate whether observers' ability to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate identifications is enhanced by viewing video‐recorded identification decisions rather than eyewitness testimony.MethodsEach participant (N = 432) viewed a video of an accurate or inaccurate eyewitness providing testimony and/or making an identification decision. Identifications were obtained from simultaneous or sequential line‐ups conducted under double‐blind, single‐blind, or post‐identification feedback administration conditions.ResultsExposure to eyewitness testimony was associated with a bias to believe the evidence; exposure to the identification decision eliminated the response bias, however, it did not improve observer sensitivity to identification accuracy. Viewing the identification decision resulted in greater belief of accurate than inaccurate identifications when eyewitnesses chose from simultaneous – but not sequential – line‐ups. Regardless of evidence type or identification accuracy, observers were more likely to believe eyewitnesses who received confirmatory post‐identification feedback compared to the non‐feedback conditions.ConclusionsPresenting a video record of the identification decision neither improved observers' ability to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate eyewitness identifications nor reduced belief of identifications obtained from suggestive procedures. Further research is warranted before presenting video‐recorded identification procedures in court.
Unusual strains of Microsporum audouinii causing tinea in Europe
Authors: Brasch J. , Müller S. , Gräser Y. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe comment on an unusual strain of Microsporum (M.) audouinii. It was isolated from tinea corporis of a boy who lived in Germany and most likely had acquired his infection during a stay on a farm with animal husbandry in Poland. The strain showed features of M. canis (plenty of markedly rough‐walled macroconidia, growth on rice, positive hair perforation) as well as of M. audouinii (white thallus, long macroconidia with central constriction) and in vitro it degraded hair of various mammals. Because its ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region showed 99.9% homology to a M. audouinii reference strain it was finally identified as M. audouinii. We relate these findings with recent observations of M. audouinii causing tinea in Europe. This appraisal suggests that irrespective of an identical ribosomal ITS region distinct M. audouinii strains can display a spectrum of morphological and physiological features that is broader than currently outlined in mycological textbooks. Certain unusual characteristics like an enhanced capacity to utilise keratins may even be associated with unexpected transmission routes. Above all sporadic M. audouinii infections in Europe that bear no relation to an endemic area should be analysed from this perspective.
The effect of temperature on the male and female recombination landscape of barley
Authors: Phillips Dylan , Jenkins Glyn , Macaulay Malcolm , Nibau Candida , Wnetrzak Joanna , Fallding Derek , Colas Isabelle , Oakey Helena , Waugh Robbie , Ramsay Luke 
Published: August 2015

Summary

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a crop of global significance. However, a third of the genes of barley are largely inaccessible to conventional breeding programmes as crossovers are localised to the ends of the chromosomes. This work examines whether crossovers can be shifted to more proximal regions simply by elevating growth temperature.

We utilised a genome‐wide marker set for linkage analysis combined with cytological mapping of crossover events to examine the recombination landscape of plants grown at different temperatures.

We found that barley shows heterochiasmy, that is, differences between female and male recombination frequencies. In addition, we found that elevated temperature significantly changes patterns of recombination in male meiosis only, with a repositioning of Class I crossovers determined by cytological mapping of HvMLH3 foci. We show that the length of synaptonemal complexes in male meiocytes increases in response to temperature.

The results demonstrate that the distribution of crossover events are malleable and can be shifted to proximal regions by altering the growth temperature. The shift in recombination is the result of altering the distribution of Class I crossovers, but the higher recombination at elevated temperatures is potentially not the result of an increase in Class I events.
Growth characteristics underlying the lack of a chin in pigs: a histomorphometric study
Authors: Price J. , Tee B. C. , Vig K. , Shanker S. , Kennedy K. , Sun Z. 
Published: August 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesDespite similar mandibular growth to that of humans, pigs lack a chin projection as shown in most humans. To understand whether this divergence is contributed to differences in local symphyseal growth, this project characterized bone modeling activities at the symphyseal surfaces of juvenile pigs.Material and MethodsSymphyseal specimens from two age groups (4‐ and 6‐month‐old, n = 10) were processed into histological sections with and without decalcification, which were assessed for surface mineral apposition and bone resorption, respectively. In a blinded fashion, measurements of four parameters (MAR: mineral apposition rate, MAZ: mineral apposition zone, ES/BS: eroded surface and OC.N/BS: osteoclast number) were obtained and tested by a multivariate two‐way mixed‐model analyses of variance (manova) for the differences between symphyseal regions and ages.ResultsQualitatively, pig symphyseal labial and lingual surfaces were horizontally oriented and characterized by mineral apposition and bone resorption, respectively. Quantitatively, labial mineral apposition tended to be greater rostrally than caudally at 4 months, which became greater caudally than rostrally at 6 months (region/age interactions: p = 0.127 for MAR, p = 0.012 for MAZ). Lingual bone resorption tended to be greater caudally than rostrally, but only ES/BS measurements were significant (p = 0.039) regardless of age, while OC.N/BS measurements varied with ages and regions (age/region interaction, p = 0.087).ConclusionsInsufficient differential in symphyseal surface modeling between the labial–caudal and labial–rostral regions contributes to the lack of chin projection in the pig.
T‐ and B‐cell subsets in periodontitis
Authors: Gonzales José R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA large amount of information is available, in the medical literature, on the molecular and immunological mechanisms in which T‐ and B‐cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. This review attempts to describe the most important features of the T‐cell subsets and their cytokine networks in periodontitis, including the interaction of pathogens with different cell subsets and their gene‐expression profiles. Additionally, the known interactions of T‐ and B‐cell subsets in periodontitis are described. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of the cell interactions and cytokine networks specifically involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and models and paradigms from recent research in this area are presented. However, the review of the literature also revealed that relatively little is known about the genetic or structural factors that confer cross‐reactivity of natural and/or autoreactive antibodies in the immunopathogenesis of periodontitis. Pathogens, in turn, are continuously evolving and creating mechanisms to evade immunological reactions controlled and modulated by T‐ and B‐cells.
Dendritic cells: microbial clearance via autophagy and potential immunobiological consequences for periodontal disease
Authors: El‐Awady Ahmed R. , Arce Roger M. , Cutler Christopher W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDendritic cells are potent antigen‐capture and antigen‐presenting cells that play a key role in the initiation and regulation of the adaptive immune response. This process of immune homeostasis, as maintained by dendritic cells, is susceptible to dysregulation by certain pathogens during chronic infections. Such dysregulation may lead to disease perpetuation with potentially severe systemic consequences. Here we discuss in detail how intracellular pathogens exploit dendritic cells and escape degradation by altering or evading autophagy. This novel mechanism explains, in part, the chronic, persistent nature observed in several immuno‐inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease. We also propose a hypothetical model of the plausible role of autophagy in the context of periodontal disease. Promotion of autophagy may open new therapeutic strategies in the search of a ‘cure’ for periodontal disease in humans.
Foreign service special care opportunity in SCDA
Authors: Hicks Jeff , Schaffer Rebecca , Frances Denise , Usher Sarah , Barnes Jeff , Sabbah Ahmed 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA foreign service clinic in Guatemala caring for patients with special needs was initiated by joining SCDA efforts with the Open Wide Foundation. The trip included five SCDA members: two AEGD residents and three support staff. Open Wide participants included the Executive Director, the Clinical Director in Guatemala, as well as two dentists, dental support staff, and Guatemalan dental students. Two physician anesthesiologists provided general anesthesia. Care adjuncts included general anesthesia, oral sedation, and medical stabilization. Lessons learned: (1) Conducting a dental clinic for patients with special needs is possible and relatively easy to accomplish, given a partnership with a foundation that agrees with and facilitates this service; (2) advance planning is required to maximize the service provided; (3) committed and flexible team members can accomplish a significant amount of care in a short period of time; and (4) limited but invaluable training of in‐country healthcare providers is possible.The Special Care Dentistry Association is long known for service and care delivery to patients with special needs by its members, and for its advocacy and organizational support for these activities. A foreign service opportunity in Guatemala, Central America, was sought out by members of the SCDA to further the outreach efforts of the organization, give members clinical experience in a foreign setting, and train in‐country providers to deliver care to patients with special needs. This was the first effort by SCDA members to host a clinic to deliver care specifically to patients with special needs outside of North America.
Interpreting complex fluvial channel and barform architecture: Carboniferous Central Pennine Province, northern England
Authors: Soltan Roman , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Bashkirian Lower Brimham Grit of North Yorkshire, England, is a fluvio‐deltaic sandstone succession that crops out as a complex series of pinnacles, the three‐dimensional arrangement of which allows high‐resolution architectural analysis of genetically‐related lithofacies assemblages. Combined analysis of sedimentary graphic log profiles, architectural panels and palaeocurrent data have enabled three‐dimensional geometrical relationships to be established for a suite of architectural elements so as to develop a comprehensive depositional model. Small‐scale observations of facies have been related to larger‐scale architectural elements to facilitate interpretation of the palaeoenvironment of deposition to a level of detail that has rarely been attempted previously, thereby allowing interpretation of formative processes. Detailed architectural panels form the basis of a semi‐quantitative technique for recording the variety and complexity of the sedimentary lithofacies present, their association within recognizable architectural elements and, thus, the inferred spatio‐temporal relationship of neighbouring elements. Fluvial channel‐fill elements bounded by erosional surfaces are characterized internally by a hierarchy of sets and cosets with subtly varying compositions, textures and structures. Simple, cross‐bedded sets represent in‐channel migration of isolated mesoforms (dunes); cosets of both trough and planar‐tabular cross‐bedded facies represent lateral‐accreting and downstream‐accreting macroforms (bars) characterized by highly variable, yet predictable, patterns of palaeocurrent indicators. Relationships between sandstone‐dominated strata bounded by third‐order and fifth‐order surfaces, which represent in‐channel bar deposits and incised channel bases, respectively, chronicle the origin of the preserved succession in response to autocyclic barform development and abandonment, major episodes of incision probably influenced by episodic tectonic subsidence, differential tilting and fluvial incision associated with slip on the nearby North Craven Fault system. Overall, the succession represents the preserved product of an upper‐delta plain system that was traversed by a migratory fluvial braid‐belt system comprising a poorly‐confined network of fluvial channels developed between major sandy barforms that evolved via combined lateral‐accretion and downstream‐accretion.
Genomic full‐length sequence of two HLA‐A alleles, A*02:07:01 and A*02:10, identified by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Tao H. , Chen L. X. , Xu Y. P. , Li Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the sequences of 5′ promoter and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of A*02:07:01 and A*02:10 for the first time.