bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive strategies of Amazonian stream fishes and their fine‐scale use of habitat are ordered along a hydrological gradient
Authors: Espírito‐Santo Helder M. V. , Rodríguez Marco A. , Zuanon Jansen 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Macroecological comparisons have shown that habitat characteristics have a major influence on the evolution of life‐history strategies of fishes in large river systems. Specifically, habitat variability and predictability seem to forge the reproductive strategies of fishes into a trilateral continuum with three main types: seasonal, opportunistic and equilibrium.

Despite the usefulness of such a broad categorisation, large‐scale patterns of trait distribution should ultimately be influenced by selection at smaller (i.e. individual) spatial scales. However, the scarcity of studies developed at the organismal scale leaves gaps in our understanding of how habitat characteristics affect life history and behavioural tactics of stream fishes.

We examined the fine‐scale spatial distribution of fishes in pristine Amazonian headwater streams over a full seasonal cycle to test whether segregation into main channel and associated temporary pond habitats was predictably related to hydrological variation and species’ life‐history traits.

Most species could not be unambiguously assigned to one of the three end points of the trilateral continuum, but seemingly occupied instead the intermediate multivariate space between the end points. However, species were clearly ordered along a gradient of relative habitat use, ranging from strict channel dwellers throughout the hydrological cycle to pond specialists, with some species occupying the ponds at high water levels. Hydrological effects on habitat use were significantly related to species’ reproductive strategies, with the strongest responses found in species with large eggs and seasonally concentrated reproduction, which were most abundant in ponds at high water levels.

We suggest that trophic limitations and hydrological characteristics of Amazonian headwater forest streams may severely limit the seasonal strategy, one of the end points of the trilateral model. The species‐specific habitat segregation reported here adds to the list of mechanisms, such as miniaturisation and isolation by distance, previously postulated to contribute to high diversity of stream fish faunas in the Amazon basin.
Role of copper in photochemical damage to hair
Authors: Marsh J. M. , Iveson R. , Flagler M. J. , Davis M. G. , Newland A. B. , Greis K. D. , Sun Y. , Chaudhary T. , Aistrup E. R. 
Published: August 2013

SynopsisObjectiveThe objective of this work was to identify whether low levels of redox metals such as copper will accelerate damage to hair on exposure to UV irradiation and whether this damage can be prevented.MethodsThe methods used were proteomics to measure the protein damage via protein loss after different periods of exposure and mass spectroscopy methods to identify specific marker peptides that are specifically created by this type of damage.ResultsIn this work, we have developed new insights into the mechanism of UV damage using these proteomic methods. A marker fragment in the hair protein loss extract was identified (m/z = 1279) that is unique to UV exposure and increases with time of UV exposure. We have also identified for the first time in hair the role of exogenous copper in increasing UV damage both in terms of total protein degradation and also increased formation of the marker fragment and proposed a mechanism of action. It has been demonstrated that shampoo treatment containing a chelant such as N,N'‐ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) reduced copper accumulation in hair.ConclusionThis work provides evidence for the role of copper in UV‐induced damage to hair and strategies to reduce copper levels in hair using a chelant such as EDDS.
Fusobacterium nucleatum induces cytokine production through Toll‐like‐receptor‐independent mechanism
Authors: Quah S. Y. , Bergenholtz G. , Tan K. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimTo determine whether Fusobacterium nucleatum's ability to invade cells allows the bacteria to activate pro‐inflammatory response through cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, independent of surface Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).MethodologyHEK293T cells, which lack endogenous TLRs, and overexpressing dominant negative myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88DN) protein, were infected with F. nucleatum and the production of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) was determined. The necessity for intracellular invasion of the bacteria for cytokine production was also investigated by blocking bacterial invasion with cytochalasin D. The roles of NFĸB and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐1 (NOD‐1) signalling pathways in F. nucleatum‐induced IL‐8 secretion were determined.ResultsFusobacterium nucleatum‐infected HEK293T cells produced IL‐8 independent of the MYD88 signalling. This response was inhibited by preventing F. nucleatum invasion into HEK293T cells. p38 MAPK but not the NFĸB signalling pathway was required for F. nucleatum‐mediated IL‐8 production. HEK293T cells expressed NOD‐1 but not NOD‐2. Yet, inhibition of NOD‐1 signalling did not affect F. nucleatum‐induced IL‐8 secretion.ConclusionsFusobacterium nucleatum invasion led to cytokine production, which is mediated by the p38 MAPK signalling but independent of TLRs, NOD‐1, NOD‐2 and NFĸB signalling.
The interrupted V‐Y advancement flap for the reconstruction of the vulvovaginal defect
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Nakajima Hideo , Imanishi Nobuaki , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐quality reconstruction of vulvovaginal defects after tumor excision is critical. Various techniques for vulvovaginal reconstruction have been described. However, these flaps are often bulky, and tip necrosis occasionally occurs. To reduce bulkiness and prevent flap necrosis, we have therefore developed an ideal approach using a fasciocutaneous flap that is advanced in a modified V‐Y fashion.Materials and methodsThe V‐Y flap is interrupted in the defect area by a bipedicled flap and therefore termed “the interrupted V‐Y advancement flap”.ResultsWe used the interrupted V‐Y advancement flap to cover vulvovaginal defects in five patients who underwent surgical treatment for extramammary Paget's disease or carcinoma of the vulva. Each flap survived completely without complications.ConclusionsThis flap is easily elevated, not bulky, and reliable because it is supplied by the internal pudendal artery and vein without excessive skeletonization of the vascular pedicle; it also matches the local skin quality.
The frequency and seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses in Tennessee: two influenza seasons of surveillance data, 2010–2012
Authors: Landes Michelle B. , Neil R. Brock , McCool Susan S. , Mason Bryan P. , Woron Amy M. , Garman Robb L. , Smalley David L. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIn 2010, the Tennessee Department of Health, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), expanded influenza surveillance in Tennessee to include other respiratory viruses.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the influenza seasons of 2010–2012.MethodsNasal and nasopharangeal swabs/washings from persons with influenza‐like illness were collected across Tennessee. Influenza and other respiratory viruses were identified using a molecular‐based respiratory virus panel. Influenza A positives were subtyped using real‐time PCR according to the CDC protocol. Data were analyzed to describe frequency and seasonality of circulating strains.ResultsOf the 933 positive specimens, 60·3% were identified as influenza viruses, 19·8% rhinovirus/enterovirus, 8·6% respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 5·8% metapneumovirus, 3·0% adenovirus, and 2·5% parainfluenza viruses. In the 2010–2011 season, influenza B was prominent during weeks 48–3, while influenza A(H1N1) was most frequently identified during weeks 4–10. Influenza A(H3N2) was present at lower levels during weeks 48–17. However, in the 2011–2012 season, overall numbers of influenza cases were reduced and influenza A (H3N2) was the most abundant influenza strain. The expanded surveillance for other respiratory viruses noted an increase in identified specimens from the first to the second season for adenovirus, metapneumovirus, RSV, and rhinovirus/enterovirus.ConclusionsThis study provides data of the influenza strains in circulation in Tennessee. It also establishes a baseline and time of year to expect other respiratory viruses that will aid in detecting outbreaks of non‐influenza respiratory viruses in Tennessee.
Rethinking Optical Fiber: New Demands, Old Glasses
Authors: Ballato John , Dragic Peter 
Published: August 2013

From a materials perspective optical fibers are victims of their own success. The advent of the laser, 50 yr ago, coupled with an insatiable demand for information enabled by light‐based communications, ushered in a golden age of glass science and engineering. It is somewhat ironic that the staggering ubiquity of information today, which is carried globally and almost instantaneously via optical fibers, is enabled largely by one material—silica—into which only a few components are added. The richness of the Periodic Table has largely been forgotten. The purpose of this study was to rethink the materials that can be used to make commercially relevant optical fibers and describe the extraordinary properties, with stimulated Brillouin scattering being the primary exemplar, of fibers made from otherwise ordinary materials. In particular, this study focuses on the use of the molten core approach to optical fiber fabrication and the novel yet practical fibers that can be produced. This study is purposely provocative and aims to reassert the centrality (and simplicity and beauty) of glass science as the best approach to meet future challenges for high‐performance optical fibers.
Thermoelectric Properties of Pb‐Doped BiCuSeO Ceramics
Authors: Liu Yao‐chun , Lan Jin‐Le , Zhan Bin , Ding Junxuan , Liu Yong , Lin Yuan‐Hua , Zhang Boping , Nan Ce‐wen 
Published: August 2013

A high‐performance thermoelectric BiCuSeO oxyselenides has been prepared by a simple fabrication approach. Phase composition and microstructure analysis indicate that the obtained ceramic samples are almost BiCuSeO phase with plate structure. Our results show that Pb‐doped BiCuSeO bulks have good electrical conductivity, large Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity. A large power factor ~672 μ/Wm/K2 at 573 K can be observed in the BiCuSeO ceramic by the 10% Pb doping, and the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) can reach 0.95 at 873 K, which makes them promising candidates for thermoelectric applications.
Accuracy Assessment of Catheter Guidance Technology in Electrophysiology Procedures
Authors: BOURIER FELIX , FAHRIG REBECCA , WANG PAUL , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , KURZIDIM KLAUS , STROBEL NORBERT , MOORE TERI , HINKEL CAMERON , AL‐AHMAD AMIN 
Published: August 2013

Accuracy of Catheter Guidance Technology in the EP LabBackgroundWith increasing complexity in electrophysiology (EP) procedures, the use of electroanatomic mapping systems (EAMS) as a supplement to fluoroscopy has become common practice. This is the first study that evaluates spatial and point localization accuracy for 2 current EAMS, CARTO3® (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) and EnSite Velocity® (St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA), and for a novel overlay guidance (OG) software (Siemens AG, Forchheim, Germany) in a phantom experiment.Methods and ResultsA C‐arm CT scan was performed on an acrylic phantom containing holes and location markers. Spatial accuracy was assessed for each system using distance measurements involving known markers inside the phantom and properly placed catheters. Anatomical maps of the phantom were acquired by each EAMS, whereas the 3D‐based OG software superimposed an overlay image of the phantom, segmented from the C‐arm CT data set, onto biplane fluoroscopy. Registration processes and landmark measurements quantitatively assessed the spatial accuracy of each technology with respect to the ground truth phantom. Point localization performance was 0.49 ± 0.25 mm in OG, 0.46 ± 0.17 mm in CARTO3® and 0.79 ± 0.83 mm in EnSite®. The registration offset between virtual visualization and reality was 1.10 ± 0.52 mm in OG, 1.62 ± 0.77 mm in CARTO3® and 2.02 ± 1.21 mm in EnSite®. The offset to phantom C‐arm CT landmark measurements was 0.30 ± 0.26 mm in OG, 0.24 ± 0.21 mm in CARTO3® and 1.32 ± 0.98 mm in EnSite®.ConclusionsEach of the evaluated EP guidance systems showed a high level of accuracy; the observed offsets between the virtual 3D visualization and the real phantom were below a clinically relevant threshold of 3 mm.
Does Health‐Related Quality of Life Predict Hospitalization or Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation?
Authors: SCHRON ELEANOR , FRIEDMANN ERIKA , THOMAS SUE A. 
Published: August 2013

QOL Predicts Hospitalization and Mortality in AFBackgroundPoor health‐related quality of life (QOL) is related to morbidity and mortality in coronary heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias as well as to mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the contributions of QOL to the prediction of 1‐year hospitalization and mortality in patients with AF, independent of HF.MethodsThis study used the public use dataset from the NHLBI/NIH AFFIRM randomized clinical trial. Patients enrolled in the QOL substudy (N = 693) were randomly assigned to rate or rhythm control. QOL was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Quality of Life Index‐Cardiac Version (QLI‐CV). Data were analyzed with logistic regression to predict 1‐year hospitalization and Cox proportional hazards analysis to predict mortality.ResultsIn the first year of participation in the study 37% (n = 256) were hospitalized; mortality was 14.3% (n = 93) with mean follow‐up of 3.5 years. Patients’ mean age was 69.8 ± 8.2 years, were largely male (62%), and white (93%). Patient histories included 70.8% hypertension, 38.2% coronary artery disease (CAD), and 23.7% HF. History of stroke, HF, rhythm control arm, lower SF‐36 mental component scores (MCS), and lower SF‐36 physical component scores (PCS) predicted hospitalization (P < 0.001). Diabetes, female gender, older age, CAD, hypertension, and lower PCS predicted mortality (P < 0.001).ConclusionQOL adds meaningful information beyond traditional biomedical factors to the prediction of mortality and/or hospitalization of patients with AF. Interventions for improving QOL and helping patients adapt to AF treatments may decrease hospitalization and improve survival.
The Structurally Related Auxin and Melatonin Tryptophan‐Derivatives and their Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Koyama Fernanda C. , Carvalho Thais L. G. , Alves Eduardo , da Silva Henrique B. , de Azevedo Mauro F. , Hemerly Adriana S. , Garcia Célia R. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIndole compounds are involved in a range of functions in many organisms. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, melatonin and other tryptophan derivatives are able to modulate its intraerythrocytic cycle, increasing the schizont population as well as parasitemia, likely through ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) gene regulation. In plants, melatonin regulates root development, in a similar way to that described for indoleacetic acid, suggesting that melatonin and indoleacetic acid could co‐participate in some physiological processes due to structural similarities. In the present work, we evaluate whether the chemical structure similarity found in indoleacetic acid and melatonin can lead to similar effects in Arabidopsis thaliana lateral root formation and P. falciparum cell cycle modulation, as well as in the UPS of gene regulation, by qRT‐PCR. Our data show that P. falciparum is not able to respond to indoleacetic acid either in the modulation of the intraerythrocytic cycle or in the gene regulation mediated by the UPS as observed for melatonin. The similarities of these indole compounds are not sufficient to confer synergistic functions in P. falciparum cell cycle modulation, but could interplay in A. thaliana lateral root formation.
Bacterial septicaemia in prerecruit edible crabs, Cancer pagurus L.
Authors: Smith A L , Whitten M M A , Hirschle L , Pope E C , Wootton E C , Vogan C L , Rowley A F 
Published: August 2013

AbstractJuvenile edible crabs, Cancer pagurus L., were surveyed from Mumbles Head and Oxwich Bay in South Wales, UK, and the number of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrios in the hemolymph was determined. The percentage of crabs with hemolymph containing bacteria was variable over the survey with higher numbers of animals affected in summer than in winter. Post‐moult crabs contained significantly higher numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in the hemolymph than pre‐ and intermoult animals. Crabs with cuticular damage to the gills also had significantly higher numbers of bacteria in the hemolymph. Crabs were found to have a high prevalence of infection by the dinoflagellate, Hematodinium. Such animals had significantly fewer bacteria in the blood in comparison with Hematodinium‐free animals. Of the 463 crabs surveyed, only 3 individuals had hemolymph containing 2000 + CFU mL−1. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, two of these crabs contained a Vibrio pectenicida‐like isolate, while the other had a mixed assemblage of vibrios. Although 59% of the crabs surveyed had culturable bacteria in the hemolymph, the majority only had small numbers (<2000 CFU mL−1), suggesting that such infections may be of limited importance to the sustainability of the crab fishery in this region.
Discriminant factors of flood insurance demand for flood‐hit residential properties: a case for Malaysia
Authors: Aliagha G.U. , Mar Iman A.H. , Ali H.M. , Kamaruddin N. , Ali K.N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSecuring flood insurance for real estate properties in flood‐hit areas is rather uncertain under the Malaysian scenario. This study attempts to identify the demand‐side factors of flood insurance in coastal residential areas, and to examine how these factors differentiate between two groups of respondents, namely flood insurance purchasers and non‐purchasers, using discriminant analysis. Tests using Wilks' lambda, eigenvalues, canonical correlation, functions at group centroids, and classification accuracy have provided strong evidence of significant differences between the two groups based on physical exposure/susceptibility to flood, resilience/adaptive capacity to flood, and overall perception of vulnerability. The most important variables accounting for group differences were low‐elevation house site, flood depth entering house, perception about high‐priced flood insurance, and level of income. The likelihood of purchasing flood insurance increased with higher physical exposure/susceptibility and overall perception of vulnerability. Resilience/adaptive capacity to flood event also increased with higher levels of income and education.
Ranking sources of uncertainty in flood damage modelling: a case study on the cost‐benefit analysis of a flood mitigation project in the Orb Delta, France
Authors: Saint‐Geours N. , Grelot F. , Bailly J.‐S. , Lavergne C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCost‐benefit analyses (CBA) of flood management plans usually require estimating expected annual flood damages on a study area and rely on a complex modelling chain, including hydrological, hydraulic and economic modelling, as well as geographic information system‐based spatial analysis. As most model‐based assessments, these CBA are fraught with uncertainty. In this paper, we consider as a case study the CBA of a set of flood control structural measures on the Orb Delta, France. We demonstrate the use of variance‐based global sensitivity analysis to (i) propagate uncertainty sources through the modelling chain and assess their overall impact on the outcomes of the CBA, and (ii) rank uncertainty sources according to their contribution to the variance of the CBA outcomes. All uncertainty sources prove to explain a significant share of the overall output variance. Results show that the ranking of uncertainty sources depends not only on the economic sector considered (private housing, agricultural land, other economic activities), but also on a number of averaging‐out effects controlled by the number and surface area of the assets considered, the number of land use types or the number of damage functions.
Integrating a multivariate extreme value method within a system flood risk analysis model
Authors: Wyncoll D. , Gouldby B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEffective management of flooding requires models that are capable of quantifying flood risk. Quantification of flood risk involves both the quantification of probabilities of flooding and the associated consequences. Modern flood risk models account for the probabilities of extreme hydraulic loading events and also include a probabilistic representation of the performance of flood defence infrastructure and its associated reliability. The spatial and temporal variability of flood events makes probabilistic representation of the hydraulic loading conditions on the flood defences complex. In the system method used widely withinEngland and Wales, simplifying assumptions relating to the spatial dependence of flood events are made. Recent research has shown the benefits of using improved multivariate extreme value methods to define the hydraulic loading conditions for flood risk analysis models. This paper describes the development of an improved modelling system that enhances the systems‐based risk analysis model currently applied in practice, through the incorporation of a multivariate extreme value model. The improved system has been presented on a case study site in theNorthWest ofEngland.
The structure of pedicle and hard antler bone in the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): a light microscope and backscattered electron imaging study
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Flohr Stefan , Gomez Santiago , Landete‐Castillejos Tomas , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDeer antlers are deciduous bony structures that develop from permanent frontal outgrowths, the pedicles. While growth and bone architecture of antlers have been studied in greater detail, information on pedicle formation and structure is scarce. The present study provides information on the structure of pedicle and hard antler bone in the European roe deer. A pronounced seasonal variation in pedicle architecture was observed, with high porosity around antler casting and a very compact bone structure during the hard antler stage. These observations suggest a corresponding marked variation also in the biomechanical properties of the pedicles. The seasonally alternating extensive resorption and formation processes make the pedicles of older deer heavily remodeled structures. Pedicles increase in thickness by apposition of primary bone that subsequently becomes replaced by secondary osteons. The antler cortex of roe deer is largely composed of a tubular framework of woven bone trabeculae with some remnants of mineralized cartilage, and primary osteons that have filled in the intertrabecular spaces. Secondary osteons are scarce, denoting little remodeling in antlers, which can be related to their short lifespan. The occurrence of cement lines around primary osteons indicates resorption on the trabecular scaffold prior to infilling of the intertrabecular spaces. The outer cortex showed a higher autofluorescence and a more immature structure than the main cortex, suggesting that it was secondarily formed by periosteal activity. Pedicles and antlers constitute a functional entity, and future histological and/or biomechanical studies should therefore consider both components of the cranial appendages.