bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Tactile Maps by Blind and Visually Impaired People
Authors: Ungar Simon , Bayal Angeles Espinosa , Blades Mark , Ochaita Espernaza , Spencer Christopher 
Published: June 2014

Most research on tactile maps has focused on aspects of map design and methods of construction. Relatively little attention has been paid to theway in which blind and visually impaired people actually use tactile maps for everyday way finding tasks. This paper reports on studies carried out in Madrid and Sheffield which consider how people gain spatial knowledge from tactile maps. In the Madrid study, participants were introduced to an urban area by one of three instructional methods: direct experience, tactile map or verbal description. Those who learned the area with the map were considerably more proficient in following the route unguided than were participants who received the other two instructional methods. However the different methods had little effect on the participants' overall representation of the space. It is possible that the map reading strategies used by the participants were effective for gaining practical route-based knowledge but did not give the participants an overall spatial representation of the area. To explore this possibility further, the Sheffield study considered the effect of individual differences in map reading strategies on the type of mental representation which visually impaired people acquire from a tactile map. It was found that those participants who acquired an accurate and full representation of the map used different map learning strategies from those who performed less well. We suggest implications of these studies for the education and rehabilitation of blind and visually impaired people.
Mapping September 11, 2001: Cartographic Narrative in the Print Media
Authors: Churchill Robert R. , Slarsky Suzanne J. 
Published: June 2014

The attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were unprecedented in scope if not in their fundamental nature. While the United States moved toward resurrection of Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, known popularly as “Star Wars”, and focused its resources on sophisticated weaponry, terrorists with primitive weapons turned commercial aircraft into guided missiles. The suddenness and enormity of the events, coupled with the fact that so many people were acquainted with victims of the attacks, created a sense of concern and confusion that was more pervasive and ubiquitous than evoked by either the 1993 bombing of the Trade Center or the 1995 attack on the Murrah Federal Building. In the immediate aftermath, the events of September 11attracted the sympathies of the entire country, evoked both an outpouring of patriotism and a rhetoric of retribution, and temporarily redefined task saliencies (Wright, 1978) as firefighters and law enforcement officers became heroes of the moment.The media also assumed a heightened level of importance as people turned to television, the Internet, and print for information and for insight and meaning. On September 11, the New York Times recorded over 21 million page views on their site, more than twice the previous record, and a six-month circulation audit by the Times following September 11 showed daily gains of approximately 42,000 newspapers (Robinson, 2002). Since the number of maps appearing in the media has grown rapidly with the advent of desktop computing and electronic publishing technologies (Monmonier, 1989; 2001), it is not surprising that much of the story of September 11 has been illustrated with maps. At the very least, these maps offer distinctive insights that help define both the events and the public reaction, but a paradigm shift that emphasizes their textual nature suggests that in addition to illustrating the attacks and the subsequent events, maps cast their own narratives of these events. Our purpose here is to explore these narratives through a systematic examination of maps that appeared in the print media in the period immediately following September 11.
Physical Properties of Gluten-Free Bread Made of Corn and Chickpea Flour
Authors: Rostamian Mohammad , Milani Jafar M. , Maleki Gisoo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The quality of gluten-free bread made using chickpea flour and corn flour at different proportions, together with 3% (w/w) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was studied. For this purpose, physical properties, crumb firmness, and micro-structure were determined. The results of these tests showed that gluten-free bread quality had been significantly improved as the concentration of chickpea flour increased. Based on the results of all performed experiments, it was concluded that the formulation containing 20% corn flour and 80% chickpea flour had the greatest effect on improving quality of the gluten-free bread.
Divide and Conquer: The Impact of “Political” Maps on International Relations
Authors: Pickering Steve 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor researchers and students of International Relations (IR), one date looms larger than all others: 1648. The end of the Thirty Years War, formalized by the signing of the Treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, led to a period known as the “Peace of Westphalia.” Westphalia represented a fundamental change in the power balance of European politics: instead of the Holy Roman Empire holding supreme authority, power would now rest with states themselves, manifested in terms of sovereignty, territory and equality. One of the chief ways in which these “Westphalian” states would cement this authority was through the use of maps. Before 1648, there was little on a European map to indicate where one country ended and another one began. But after 1648, this all changes: these new Westphalian states are represented with bright colors and clearly marked boundaries, defining borders and becoming an important part in creating the state and justifying its sovereignty. The role which maps have played in the spread of the Westphalian state is only just beginning to be researched. Yet the limited efforts to date have all focussed on Europe. This is unfortunate, as today, while Europe has, according to some observers, moved into a stage in which Westphalia is no longer a useful model with which to understand the state and the ways in which it relates to sovereignty, government, power and the individual, the old Westphalian model of the state has more recently been exported all around the world. This paper presents the first part of a project which aims to look at this expansion. The European angle will be presented in this paper; future research will be carried out in China, Japan and Taiwan.
Propagation of Different Types of Inflow Distortions through a Contra Rotating Fan Stage
Authors: Mistry Chetan , Pradeep A.M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper aims to explain the propagation of different types of inflow distortions through a contra rotating fan stage. Inflow distortions like circumferential, radial and complex distortions were artificially generated using meshes of different porosities. The overall effects of these distortions are determined in the terms of the fan performance map. It is attempted to explain the propagation of inflow distortion using distortion descriptors like circumferential intensity, circumferential extent and radial intensity at the design mass flow rate. These are described for different speed combinations of both the rotors at the inlet, the exit of rotor-1 and at the exit of rotor-2. It is important to observe here that even for purely circumferential inflow distortion, the distortion does not remain purely circumferential, rather it propagates both circumferentially and radially along the stage. For the hub-strong complex inflow distortion, the higher magnitude of circumferential intensity and circumferential extent at the exit of rotor-1 clearly indicates the strong distortion effect that leads to poor performance of the stage amongst all distortion configurations studied. With radial inflow distortion, the radial redistribution of the flow at the exit of rotor-1 plays an important role in the performance of the rotor-2 and thereby for the stage.
Harnessing Natural Sequence Variation to Dissect Posttranscriptional Regulatory Networks in Yeast
Authors: Fazlollahi Mina , Lee Eunjee , Muroff Ivor , Lu Xiang-Jun , Gomez-Alcala Pilar , Causton Helen C , Bussemaker Harmen J 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Understanding how genomic variation influences phenotypic variation through the molecular networks of the cell is one of the central challenges of biology. Transcriptional regulation has received much attention, but equally important is the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA stability. Here we applied a systems genetics approach to dissect posttranscriptional regulatory networks in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Quantitative sequence-to-affinity models were built from high-throughput in vivo RNA binding protein (RBP) binding data for 15 yeast RBPs. Integration of these models with genome-wide mRNA expression data allowed us to estimate protein-level RBP regulatory activity for individual segregants from a genetic cross between two yeast strains. Treating these activities as a quantitative trait, we mapped trans-acting loci (activity quantitative trait loci, or aQTLs) that act via posttranscriptional regulation of transcript stability. We predicted and experimentally confirmed that a coding polymorphism at the IRA2 locus modulates Puf4p activity. Our results also indicate that Puf3p activity is modulated by distinct loci, depending on whether it acts via the 5′ or the 3′ untranslated region of its target mRNAs. Together, our results validate a general strategy for dissecting the connectivity between posttranscriptional regulators and their upstream signaling pathways.
Modeling the Performance of Biaxially-Textured Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Li Joel B. , Clemens Bruce M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTGrain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film solar cells are frequently found to be detrimental for device performance. Biaxiallytextured silicon with grains that are well-aligned in-plane and out-of-plane can possess fewer GB defects. In this work, we use TCAD Sentaurus device simulator and known experimental work to investigate and quantify the potential performance gains of biaxially-textured silicon. Simulation shows there can be performance gain from well-aligned grains when GB defects dominate carrier recombination or when grains are small. On the other hand, when intra-grain defects dominate recombination and grains are large, well-aligned grains do not lead to much performance gain. Another important result from our simulation is when intra-grain and GB defects are few, Jsc is almost independent of grain size while Voc drops with decreasing grain size.
Single Crystalline 4H-SiC MEMS Devices with N-P-N Epitaxial Structure
Authors: Zhao Feng , Lim Allen , Chen Zhibang , Huang Chih-Fang 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, single crystal 4H-SiC MEMS devices with n-p-n epitaxial structure was fabricated. A dopant-selective photoelectrochemical etching technique was applied to etch the sacrificial p-type SiC layer to release n-type SiC suspended structures on n-type SiC substrate. The selective etching was achieved by applying a bias which employs the different flat-band potentials of n-SiC and p-SiC in KOH solution. Such MEMS devices have the potential to fully exploit the superior properties of single crystal SiC for harsh environment operation, as well as mature epitaxial growth and device fabrication of 4H-SiC. The n-p-n structure, together with the previously reported p-n structure, extends the capability of monolithic integration between MEMS with electronic devices and circuits on SiC platform.
A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on palynological analyses of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic sediments from the Holy Cross Mountains region
Authors: Krupnik Joanna , Ziaja Jadwiga , Barbacka Maria , Feldman-Olszewska Anna , Jarzynka Agata 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The material for this study was taken from various sites in the Holy Cross Mountains: Studzianna, Huta OP-1 and Przysucha P-3 (bore cores), and Odrowąż (geological outcrop). Palynological and palynofacial analyses were used to reconstruct the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic vegetation and palaeoenvironment of that area.
Samples from all the sites are characterised by having majority of terrestrial particles. The slides were dominated by translucent phytoclasts and small opaque phytoclasts. Pollen grains and spores were also present. The presence of marine palynomorphs was not confirmed in the samples from any of the sites, dinoflagellate cysts did not occur, and there were no foraminiferal test linings.
The Sporomorph EcoGroup (SEG) model (Abbink 1998) was applied to characterise the ecological types of the plant assemblages. The most frequently occurring sporomorphs were assigned to Upland, Lowland and River SEGs. Stratigraphical changes in each of the SEGs indicate differences in climatic conditions.
The floristic composition of the Studzianna, Huta and Odrowąż localities inferred from sporomorphs differs somewhat from the composition reconstructed from macroremains.
Effect of Applications of Isonet L Plus, the Controlled-Release Dispenser in the Protection of Vineyards Against Lobesia Botrana and Eupoecilia Ambiguella in the Southern Slovakia
Authors: Tancík Ján , Korbelová Erika , Tamašek Zoltán 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) and the grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) are the main pests in southern Slovakia vineyards. While L. botrana represents the most common species in the vineyards, E. ambiguella exists in some sites only. In this study we monitored the occurrence and dynamics of the flights of the grapevine moth and the grape berry moth in the vineyard area Dvory nad Žitavou. The size of the examined area was 60 ha in 2008 and 90 ha in 2009. On these areas, we used pheromone traps type Deltastop LB for grapevine moth and Deltastop EA for grape berry moth. To control the movement of the pests, a set of three pheromone traps for each type was used in observation points which were placed at least 50 m from each other. Monitoring was carried out regularly every second to third day. The control area was located in immediate vicinity of the area. As a threshold, we consider 20 moths for 2 days at an average of three pheromone traps. In 2008, we recorded the first, second and third generation of Lobesia botrana and only the second generation of Eupoecilia ambiguella. In 2009, we saw all three generations for both types of moths. We also examined effectiveness of the protection method of grapevine based on the mating disruption using pheromone dispensers type ISONET L plus. Just before the anticipated start of swarming we distributed 420 dispensers/ha evenly over the entire vineyard; on the edges of the treated area, the basic dose of dispensers i.e. 500 pieces/ha was left. To assess the effectiveness of the product ISONET L plus in 2008 we reached more than 70% efficiency in the border plots, inside 96%. We achieved 69% efficiency in 2009. Based on the results it is be clear that the long-term use of this method of protection has a positive impact in reducing the population of moth. It is suitable for use in an integrated and biological protective system against Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella.
Evaluation of Population Regulation of Invasive Species Fallopia × Bohemica by Repeated Mowing
Authors: Končeková Lýdia , Šebová Helena , Pintér Eduard 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Population regulation of invasive species Fallopia × bohemica by repeated mowing was evaluated in experimental research plots in Babindol and Klasov. The mowings were carried out repeatedly (three mowings) during the growing season 2010. The statistical evaluation confirmed that the mechanical regulation of populations of Fallopia × bohemica significantly influenced the dynamics of shoot height as well as the diameter at the base of a stem. Significantly less marked decline of the population density had occured after the 2nd mowing. For the best controll in the future, we suggest the application of mechanical regulation in shorter intervals depending on a growth rate.
Influence of Ecological and Integrated Management of Farming on Biodiversity of Basic Epigeic Group
Authors: Porhajašová Jana , Šebová Helena , Pintér Eduard 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Population regulation of invasive species Fallopia × bohemica by repeated mowing was evaluated in experimental research plots in Babindol and Klasov. The mowings were carried out repeatedly (three mowings) during the growing season 2010. The statistical evaluation confirmed that the mechanical regulation of populations of Fallopia × bohemica significantly influenced the dynamics of shoot height as well as the diameter at the base of a stem. Significantly less marked decline of the population density had occured after the 2nd mowing. For the best controll in the future, we suggest the application of mechanical regulation in shorter intervals depending on a growth rate.
Effect of Supplementing TMR Diets with Artificial Saliva and Acid Buf on Optimizing Ruminal pH and Fermentation Activity in Cows
Authors: Bilik Krzysztof , Strzetelski Juliusz , Furgał-Dierżuk Iwona , Śliwiński Bogdan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of adding buffering agents to a total mixed ration (TMR) on the pH and on the VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N content of rumen fluid. The experiment was carried out with three nonproductive cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulas in a 3×3 Latin square design with two stages differing in the amount of added buffer (50 g/day in stage I or 100 g/day in stage II). The control diet (C) contained no buffering agent. The AB experimental diet was supplemented with Acid Buf (Noack Polen Ltd.) containing calcium carbonate, major and trace elements, and the AS experimental diet was supplemented with our own produced artificial saliva powder containing a mixture of chemical compounds (NaHCO3, KCl, CaCl2, Na2HO4·12H2O, NaCl, MgSO4·7H2O) in the appropriate proportions (McDougall, 1948), combined with wheat bran at a 1:1 ratio. The preparations were added to the concentrate mixture in TMR which contained (% DM): maize silage, 29.9; wilted grass silage, 17.4; ensiled brewers’ grains, 2.4; barley straw, 10.3; and concentrate mixture, 40.0. Samples of rumen fluid collected before feeding (0 h) and after feeding (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) were analysed for pH, and the samples collected 4 h postprandial were analysed for VFA, lactic acid and NH3-N. The artificial saliva added at 100 g/day to the mixture of chemical compounds (without a carrier) contributed to a significant (P≤0.01) increase in rumen fluid pH at 4 h compared to cows receiving diets C and AB. In both stages of the experiment, cows receiving the buffering agents tended to achieve higher pH values in the other hours of the test compared to group C. In the collected samples of rumen fluid, no significant (P>0.05) differences were observed among the cows in VFA and total VFA, in C2/C3 and C3/C4 acid ratios, and in NH3-N content. Neither did the type and amount of buffers had a significant effect on the percentage ratios of selected fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in total VFA. No presence of lactic acid was detected in the analysed samples of rumen fluid. It can be stated that when the total mixed ration is properly balanced, the type and amount of buffers have no significant effect on changes in the rumen fermentation activity of cows.
The Use if GIS Tools in Tourism Research on the Example of Wodzislaw Poviat
Authors: Pukowiec Katarzyna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The activities in name of tourist development in Wodzislaw poviat are the reason to evaluate the tourist land development. The evaluation was prepared on the basis of selected indexes characterizing the level of tourist infrastructure development. It considered: the number of lodgings per km2, the number of restaurants per km2, the amount of additional attractions per km2 and the density of tourist tracks. This database was analyzed by the use of GIS tools. Using GIS software allowed working with large databases and provided the possibility to create a graphic representation of the results. The level of tourist land development is diversified and depends on it function. The cities with the best developed tourist infrastructure are Wodzislaw Slaski, Radlin, Pszow, Rydultowy and town in Odra Valley: Olza, Bukow and Nieboczowy. Pszow, Gorzyce and Godow commons have the biggest density of tourist tracks.
The Influence of Plastic Properties of Coal Blends on Evolution of Reflectance Indicating Surface (RIS) Parameters of Cokes
Authors: Smędowski Łukasz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize cokes optical texture influence of plastic properties of coal blends on degree of cokes optical texture ordering. Three samples of coal blend characterized by different composition and properties were pyrolysed in Karbotest furnace (laboratory scale). To characterize plastic properties of the blends studied, temperatures at the beginning, maximum and at the end of plasticity (t1, tmax and t3, respectively) were determined as well as maximum fluidity Fmax. Texture of resultant cokes was determined by means of optical microscopy. As the result of these studies a set of optical parameters that describe reflectance indicating surface such as maximum, intermediate and minimum reflectance (RMAX, RINT, RMIN respectively) as well as values of Killby’ transformates (Rst, Ram, Rev) were determined for each sample. The optical texture parameters of the cokes were discussed in relationship to plastic properties of coals blends. Correlation between cokes anisotropy and fluidity of initial blends was detected.
Allelopathic Effects of Cyanobacterial Filtrates on Baltic Diatom
Authors: Śliwińska Sylwia , Latała Adam 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Allelopathy may be one of the factors affecting the formation of massive and harmful algal blooms in aquatic environments. Recent studies indicate that blooms of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea has grown significantly in last decades, so it is important to determine the allelopathic interactions between the dominant species of cyanobacteria and microalgae. In this work we investigated the influence of allelopathic compounds on the growth of Skeletonema marinoi by addition of cell-free filtrate of the Baltic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena cultures grown under different temperature (15-25°C). Additionally the effects of filtrates of both an exponential and a stationary growing culture of N. spumigena were tested on diatom. These studies indicate that high temperature affected the donor species by increasing its production of allelochemicals. The highest drop of growth of analyzed diatom were observed after the addition of cell-free filtrate obtained from N. spumigena grown at 25°C and constituted 70% of their control. N. spumigena was only allelopathic in exponential growth phase, whereas the cyanobacteria filtrate from stationary phase have any effect on S. marinoi. These findings suggest that N. spumigena may reveal allelopathic activity and that the production of allelopathic substances is influenced by the temperature and growth phase of cyanobacteria.