bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the healthy pancreas: ADC values are age and gender dependent
Authors: Herrmann Jochen , Schoennagel Bjoern P. , Roesch Magdalena , Busch Jasmin D. , Derlin Thorsten , Doh Laura K. , Petersen Kay U. , Graessner Joachim , Adam Gerhard , Habermann Christian R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the healthy pancreas with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for characterization of age and gender‐related differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.Materials and Methods:Sixty six volunteers were prospectively enrolled (33 male, 33 female; range 1.4 to 83.7 years of age) and echo‐planar DWI of the pancreas was performed. ADC values were measured in the pancreas head, body, and tail using a pixel‐by‐pixel approach. Effects of age and gender on ADC values were analyzed using a two‐factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results:ADC values correlated inversely with the age of the volunteers. The mean global pancreatic ADC values (× 10−3 mm2/s) in the age groups 0–20 years, 21–40 years, and > 40 years were 1.18 ± 0.19, 1.07 ± 0.13, and 0.99 ± 0.18, respectively. Female individuals had higher mean global ADC values than male (1.13 ± 0.14 versus 1.02 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s). MANOVA showed significant effects of age (P value 0.022, eta2 = 0.13) and gender (P value 0.001, eta2 = 0.28) on ADC values.Conclusion:Pancreatic ADC values decline with ageing and show significant gender differences with higher mean values in females. The awareness of baseline values adjusted to age and gender will be important for correct interpretation of individual cases and design of future studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:886–891. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unusual substitutions in HIV‐1 Vif from children infected perinatally without progression to AIDS for more than 8 years without therapy
Authors: De Maio Federico A. , Rocco Carlos A. , Aulicino Paula C. , Bologna Rosa , Mangano Andrea , Sen Luisa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe HIV‐1 vif gene encodes for an accessory protein that is central for virus replication due mainly to its capacity to counteract the antiviral action of host APOBEC3 restriction factors. In order to evaluate whether HIV‐1 vif alterations account for a delayed progression to AIDS in children infected perinatally, the vif genes from a group of 11 patients who exhibited an extremely slow disease progression (slow progressors) were studied by direct sequencing. In addition, the vif genes from a group of 93 children with typical disease progression (typical progressors) were analyzed for comparison. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that sequences from slow progressors did not have a common origin, discarding a shared ancestor of reduced virulence. There were no differences in the diversity between the vif genes from slow and typical progressors. No gross defects showing a clear distinction among sequences from both groups of children were found. However, in the deduced Vif proteins, changes V13I, V55T, and L81M were observed only in sequences from slow progressors. By analyzing sequences stored in databases, these mutations were determined as unusual substitutions occurring at highly conserved Vif sites across different HIV‐1 clades, but were observed with an increased frequency in sequences from elite controllers. These mutations were in the Vif regions reported as relevant for protein activity. These findings suggest that the Vif sequences from slow progressors carry unusual substitutions, which may alter the protein function and may contribute to viral attenuation. J. Med. Virol. 84:1844–1852, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in riverside communities of the Tucuruí Dam, Pará, Brazil
Authors: de Almeida Marcella Kelly Costa , dos Santos Kemper Nunes , Fecury Amanda Alves , de Oliveira Cláudia Suellen Ferro , Freitas Andrei Silva , Quaresma Juarez Antonio Simões , Fuzii Hellen Thais , Martins Luisa Caricio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEpidemiologically, the relevance of infection caused by hepatitis viruses is related mainly to their wide geographic distribution and the large number of infected individuals in all parts of the world. In this study, 668 residents from the islands around the Tucuruí Dam were selected. Blood samples were collected for investigation of serological markers (HBsAg, total anti‐HBc, anti‐HBS, and anti‐HCV) by enzyme immunoassays. HCV‐positive subjects were tested using RT‐PCR and RFLP for the identification of viral genotypes. Among the 668 subjects studied, 1.9% were HBsAg positive, 28% were total anti‐HBc positive, and 41.9% were anti‐HBs positive. The anti‐HBs marker alone (vaccine response) was detected in 25.7% of the volunteers. Anti‐HCV antibody was detected in 2.2% of the subjects and genotype 1 was the predominant genotype (70%). The results indicate an intermediate level of HBV and HCV endemicity in the region studied, as well as low HBV vaccination coverage. J. Med. Virol. 84:1907–1912, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low IgG avidity and ultrasound fetal abnormality predict congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Sonoyama Ayako , Ebina Yasuhiko , Morioka Ichiro , Tanimura Kenji , Morizane Mayumi , Tairaku Shinya , Minematsu Toshio , Inoue Naoki , Yamada Hideto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) causes congenital infection with high mortality and morbidity rates in affected neonates. The aim of this study was to assess whether prenatal clinical or laboratory findings in pregnant women who had high risks for primary CMV infection predicted the presence of congenital infection. Fifty pregnant women who had serum CMV IgG and positive or borderline tests for serum CMV IgM were included in this prospective study. Serum IgG avidity was measured, and PCR was conducted for CMV DNA in maternal serum, urine, and uterine cervical secretion. All neonates underwent PCR testing for CMV DNA in the urine for the presence of congenital infection. Risk factors were compared between congenital infection group and group without congenital infection. As a result, nine neonates (18%) were diagnosed as having congenital infection. The frequencies of ultrasound fetal abnormality and positive test for CMV DNA in cervical secretion, CMV IgM titer and IgM/IgG ratio in the congenital infection group were significantly higher than those in the group without congenital infection. Conversely, IgG avidity index in the congenital infection group was significantly lower than that in the group without congenital infection. By multivariate logistic regression analyses, IgG avidity index (Odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99) and ultrasound fetal abnormality (291.22, 2.72–31125.05), were selected independently as significant signs predictive of congenital CMV infection. Among pregnant women with positive or borderline tests for CMV IgM, when they have findings of low serum CMV IgG avidity or ultrasound fetal abnormality, the probability of congenital CMV infection may increase. J. Med. Virol. 84:1928–1933, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genotyping of rotaviruses detected in children admitted to hospital from Faisalabad Region, Pakistan
Authors: Iftikhar Tayyba , Butt Asghar , Nawaz Khurram , Sarwar Yasra , Ali Aamir , Mustafa Tanveer , Haque Abdul 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRotavirus infection is very common in developing countries and occurs at least once in children under the age of 5 years. The rate of detection of rotavirus infection in various age groups (0–5 years) in patients with gastroenteritis admitted to hospital from the Faisalabad region, Pakistan is reported. Out of 300 fecal samples, 189 (57.3%) were positive for rotavirus by immunoassay. Patients aged 7–12 months (35.4%) were infected most commonly followed by the age group 0–6 months (28%). Different genotypes of rotavirus were identified by hemi‐nested RT‐PCR. The most common genotype was G1P[8] (25.3%), followed by G1P[6] (21.1%). Other genotypes were G1P[9], G2P[6], G9P[10]), G3P[8] (1.5%), and G9P[11] (1%). There were two (1%) cases of mixed G genotype, one patient with two genotypes G1, G10 and another patient with 3 genotypes G1, G10, and G12. There were 6 (3.1%) cases of mixed P genotypes, 3 P[4], P[11] and 3 P[8], P[11]. These results provide an outline of rotavirus infection in this area for the first time. J. Med. Virol. 84:2003–2007, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in IL28B affects viral evolution of hepatitis C quasispecies after pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy
Authors: Yuan Hejun , Adams‐Huet Beverley , Petersen Tianna , Attar Nahid , Lee William M. , Jain Mamta K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInterleukin‐28B (IL28B) polymorphisms are associated with viral response to peginterferon and ribavirin (RBV) in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Their recognition represents a breakthrough in the understanding of the role of the host in viral eradication. How these polymorphisms determine viral eradication is unknown. The IL‐28B variants are hypothesized to have a differential impact on HCV quasispecies evolution during treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and RBV. In this study, HCV RNA levels were measured at early time points in 33 naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C patients and clonal analysis of the entire NS5A region was performed on sera from baseline and Day 7. Site rs12979860 polymorphisms were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products and classified into CC, CT, and TT and were identified in 13, 11, and 9 patients, respectively. The CC polymorphism more commonly was seen in Whites versus Blacks [12/21 (57%) vs. 1/12 (8%), P = 0.009] and HIV‐infected versus mono‐infected [13/25 (52%) vs. 0/8 (0%), P = 0.009]. Patients with CC and non‐CC had similar baseline viral loads. More patients with the CC polymorphism had amino acid substitutions in NS5A compared to non‐CC patients. Despite similar baseline viral diversity, by Day 7, significantly more patients with CC had higher non‐synonymous substitution values compared to non‐CC (P = 0.02). Chronic hepatitis C patients with the CC IL28B polymorphism have a higher number of amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region and early viral evolution due to greater interferon induced selective pressure during this critical period of treatment. J. Med. Virol. 84:1913–1919, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between beta‐herpesviruses reactivation and development of complications after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chapenko Svetlana , Trociukas Ilze , Donina Simona , Chistyakov Maksim , Sultanova Alina , Gravelsina Sabine , Lejniece Sandra , Murovska Modra 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe relationship between beta‐herpesviruses reactivation and the development of complications after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was investigated. Viral genomic sequences were detected by the polymerase chain reaction, virus‐specific antibodies by ELISA, and human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6 variants by restriction endonuclease analysis. Virus reactivation, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, soluble IL‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R), IL‐2, and IL‐4 were compared with clinical features in 44 patients before and after transplantation. Anti‐CMV and anti‐HHV‐6 antibodies were found in 70.5% and 81.8% of patients, respectively. The frequency of plasma viremia was significantly higher in patients after transplantation (41% vs. 11.4%). Reactivation of more than one virus was identified in 55.6% of patients and reactivation of HHV‐7 alone in 44.4%. In cases of concurrent infection, HHV‐7 was reactivated before HHV‐6, and both HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 were reactivated before CMV. There was a significant increase in HHV‐6 load in peripheral blood leukocytes DNA during viremia. In all cases HHV‐6B variant was detected. Complications after transplantation occurred in 27.3% of patients and virus reactivation was detected in all patients with complications. The significant increases in the rate of HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 reactivation and in serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and sIL‐2R, as well as aggravated immunosuppression, suggest that both viruses were involved in the complications after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, via their immunomodulatory activity. The kinetics of reactivation suggests a potential role of HHV‐7 as a co‐factor of HHV‐6 reactivation, and of both HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 as co‐factors of CMV reactivation. J. Med. Virol. 84:1953–1960, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of age and CD4+ T cell counts on the prevalence of genital human papillomavirus infection among HIV‐seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Shu‐Hsing , Chu Fang‐Yeh , Lin Yu‐Shiang , Hsueh Yu‐Mei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the baseline prevalence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan and to determine the association of age and CD4+ T cell counts with HPV infection. In 2010, 305 men who have sex with men infected with HIV and 100 HIV‐seronegative men who have sex with men were recruited. Genital swabs were collected and 37 HPV genotypes were detected using linear array HPV genotyping. HPV infection was present in 45.3% of the patients infected with HIV and in 18% of the HIV‐negative subjects (P < 0.001). HPV types 52, 51, and 16 were the most commonly identified oncogenic types. Oncogenic HPV types were identified in 31.2% of the patients infected with HIV and in 13% of the seronegative subjects (P < 0.001). Adjusted odd ratios (ORs) for the detection of any HPV type were 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–5.9) for men who have sex with men aged 30–34 and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1–4.3) for those aged >35 compared with that for those aged <25. ORs were 2.8 (95% CI, 1.0–7.4) for a CD4+ T cell count of 200–350 cells/µl and 8.5 (95% CI, 2.9–24.5) for a CD4+ T cell count of <200 cells/µl compared with that for seronegative subjects. In conclusion, this novel HPV study, carried out in Northern Taiwan on men who have sex with men, revealed that age and immune state were associated significantly and independently with HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1876–1883, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performances of four fourth‐generation human immunodeficiency virus‐1 screening assays
Authors: Song Eun Young , Hur Mina , Roh Eun Youn , Park Myoung Hee , Moon Hee‐Won , Yun Yeo Min 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFourth‐generation human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) screening assays have improved sensitivity, but vary in performance characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four different fourth‐generation HIV‐1 assays. These assays included the AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab Combo (Abbott diagnostics, Delkenheim, Germany), ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo (Abbott), Elecsys 2010 HIV Combi (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), and Elecsys HIV Combi PT (Roche). A total of 1,306 samples that included 1,225 clinical samples and 81 samples consisting of seroconversion panels, an HIV‐1 p24 antigen sensitivity panel, and dilution series of HIV‐1 lysates and HIV‐1 antibodies were tested. All of the assays had sensitivities of 100% on clinical samples. The specificities of the AxSYM, ARCHITECT, Elecsys 2010 HIV Combi, and Elecsys HIV Combi PT were 99.6, 99.6, 99.0, and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 81 samples with different levels of HIV antigen or antibody and/or subtypes, Elecsys HIV Combi PT and ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo showed better analytical sensitivities than the other two assays. In summary, the performance characteristics of AxSYM, ARCHITECT, and Elecsys HIV Combi PT were comparable and satisfactory for clinical samples. ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo and Elecsys HIV Combi PT have the higher analytical sensitivities, and would be preferable for reducing the window period. J. Med. Virol. 84:1884–1888, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulated effects of climate change and acid deposition on soil chemical conditions in a Masson Pine forest of SW China
Authors: Yu Pengtao , Sogn Trine A. , Wang Yanhui , Mulder Jan , Feger Karl‐Heinz , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn SW China, acid deposition has been associated with forest damage such as defoliation and mortality due to serious soil acidification. These effects may be exacerbated by ongoing climate change. Understanding the integrated effects of climate change and acid deposition on soil chemistry of forest ecosystems is the key to alleviate forest damage and recover forest health. In particular, the long‐term development of integrated effects is unclear and, thus, prevents setting up cost‐effective controls of atmospheric deposition for improved forest‐health management. We employed the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM) to predict the changes of soil chemistry in a Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) forest at Tie‐Shan‐Ping (nearby Chongqing, the biggest city in SW China) under two scenarios of climate change and five scenarios of atmospheric deposition. Field‐monitoring data were used to calibrate and validate the NuCM model. It is shown that the maintaining of current acid deposition both in its quantity and composition would not enhance soil acidification although it would take further 20 years to reach a steady state with higher SO$ _4^{2-} $ and Ca2+ concentrations in soil solution. This simulated trend is in contradiction to the decrease of soil pH observed in field during last several decades. The possible reason of this may be the obviously elevated deposition of Ca2+, which may help to raise the pH of soil solution but occurred only in recent several years following the rapid increase of local construction industry. However, this enhanced Ca2+ input may not be maintained for long time. A decreased S input would lead to some positive effects on soil chemistry such as the increase of soil base saturation. A high N deposition has implicated the forest ecosystem to be saturated with N, and increased N input will further aggravate soil acidification and nutrient imbalances. The future climate change projected by IPCC, i.e., the increase of temperature and rainfall may slightly enhance the negative effect of increased N input. The integrated effect of climate change and N‐deposition increase may counteract the positive effects of decreased S input to a considerable degree. This supports the need for a rigorous implementation of new technology to decrease the emission of both S and N.
A comparative study to distinguish the vineyard of origin by NIRS using entire grapes, skins and seeds
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego Raúl , Hernández‐Hierro José Miguel , Rivas‐Gonzalo Julián C , Escribano‐Bailón M Teresa 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Interest in high‐quality products with a clear geographical origin is increasing. For the wine industry and market sector, identity preservation is of fundamental importance owing to the large number of geographical classifications. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for analytical methods for tracing grapes and wines. In the oenological sector, infrared spectroscopy is becoming an attractive tool allowing simultaneous measurement of several analytical parameters and enabling real‐time decision making.RESULTS: Discriminant partial least squares, a supervised pattern recognition technique, was employed to discriminate between vineyards of origin using the near‐infrared spectra of intact grapes, skins or seeds. In order to compare the three sample presentations, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used. The best results were obtained using intact grape seeds, with prediction rates of samples correctly classified of about 95%, although the good results obtained with entire grapes (about 93% of samples correctly classified) and the simplicity of use of the fibre optic probe could advise using entire grape presentation for comprehensive studies.CONCLUSION: The procedure reported here seems to have excellent potential for a fast and reasonably inexpensive analysis of the origin of samples. It is noted that such classification can be made at any time of ripening. This paper provides information of interest to develop new and extensive models in the future. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical characterisation of kernels, kernel meals and oils from Jatropha cordata and Jatropha cardiophylla seeds
Authors: Gámez‐Meza Nohemí , Alday‐Lara Perla P , Makkar Harinder PS , Becker Klaus , Medina‐Juárez Luis A 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDJatropha cordata and Jatropha cardiophylla are native to northwestern Mexico and are adapted to arid and semi‐arid conditions (<500 mm of precipitation and temperatures from 8 to 45 °C). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of J. cordata and J. cardiophylla kernels and oils as well as antinutrients in the defatted kernel meals of these species.RESULTSKernels of J. cordata and J. cardiophylla seeds analysed in this study were rich in crude protein (283 and 289 g kg−1 respectively) and lipid (517 and 537 g kg−1 respectively). The main fatty acids in J. cordata and J. cardiophylla oils were linoleic and oleic acids. High levels of trypsin inhibitor and phytates and low levels of saponins were present in the meals. The phorbol ester contents in J. cordata and J. cardiophylla kernel meals were 2.73 and 1.46 mg g−1 respectively.CONCLUSIONFor both J. cordata and J. cardiophylla it could be inferred that (a) the oil and kernel meal were toxic and the kernel meal could be used as livestock feed only after detoxification, (b) the oil could be used for non‐alimentary purposes, i.e. biodiesel production, and (c) the seed or oil could be used for isolating various bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of drug‐induced sleep endoscopy and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: George Jonathan R. , Chung Sooyoun , Nielsen Ib , Goldberg Andrew N. , Miller Arthur , Kezirian Eric J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the association between findings from drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and lateral cephalometry in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)Study Design:Cross‐sectional.Methods:This was a consecutive series of subjects with OSA who underwent DISE and lateral cephalometry. DISE findings were characterized according to the region/degree of obstruction as well as the VOTE classification (velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue, and epiglottis). The primary measurements from lateral cephalometry images were sella‐nasion‐point A angle, sella‐nasion‐point B angle, distance from the posterior nasal spine–tip of palate, posterior airway space, and mandibular plane to hyoid (MPH) distance, although additional airway measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics summarized DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, and χ2 and t tests examined potential associations between their findings.Results:Among the 55 subjects, most demonstrated velum‐related obstruction, although obstruction related to other structures was also common. Lateral cephalometry findings were within population norms with the exception of an increased MPH and decreased airway 4 and airway 5 measurements. There was little association between DISE and lateral cephalometry findings, although significant associations were identified between tongue‐related obstruction and airway measurements posterior to the tongue base.Conclusions:DISE and lateral cephalometry are largely distinct airway evaluation techniques in OSA. The use of these techniques remains complementary. Laryngoscope, 2012