bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between oral health literacy and failed appointments in adults attending a university‐based general dental clinic
Authors: Holtzman Jennifer S. , Atchison Kathryn A. , Gironda Melanie W. , Radbod Rebecca , Gornbein Jeffrey 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to determine the association between personal characteristics, a person's oral health literacy, and failing to show for dental appointments at a university dental clinic.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted on data collected from 200 adults at a university dental clinic between January 2005 and December 2006. In the original study, an oral health literacy instrument, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALM‐D), was administered, sociodemographic and health information seeking behavior was gathered, and electronic records were reviewed.ResultsDescriptive and bivariate analyses and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were conducted. Seeking health information through fewer sources vs. multiple sources was the strongest predictor of failing to show. The subjects’ oral health literacy, as measured by the REALM‐D List 3 score, was the next most significant variable. Classification and regression tree analyses also selected gender, chief complaint, age, and payment type as predictor variables.ConclusionsMultiple factors contribute to failing to show for dental appointments. However, individuals who use fewer sources of oral health information, a subset of health literacy skills, are more likely to fail to show for dental appointments.
Immune priming and experimental glaucoma: the effect of prior systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge on tissue outcomes after optic nerve injury
Authors: Narayan Daniel S , Casson Robert J , Ebneter Andreas , Chidlow Glyn , Grace Peter M , Hutchinson Mark R , Wood John PM 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundMicroglial activation is a prominent feature throughout the optic pathway in experimental glaucoma. Pro‐inflammatory microglial activation may contribute to neurodegeneration through the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide stimulates microglia to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants. A preliminary investigation demonstrated pro‐inflammatory microglial activation throughout the optic pathway following systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. The aim of the current work was to investigate whether microglial priming with lipopolysaccharide would exacerbate optic nerve injury in rats following experimental glaucoma.MethodsAdult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into lipopolysaccharide treatment (n = 15) and saline treatment groups (n = 15). Microglial priming was induced with a 2.5‐mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide; control animals received saline. Experimental glaucoma was induced 48 h later in the right eyes of animals by laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork. Animals were sacrificed 9 days after laser treatment.ResultsThe estimated number of axons per optic nerve was 51 327 ± 3868 (mean ± standard error of the mean) in the lipopolysaccharide group and 54 569 ± 6687 (mean ± standard error of the mean) in the saline group. Optic nerve axon counts were not significantly different between lipopolysaccharide and saline groups (P = 0.67).ConclusionsSystemic lipopolysaccharide challenge had no discernible effect on optic nerve injury in laser‐induced experimental glaucoma. These findings do not support the hypothesis that this model of experimental glaucoma involves inflammation and instead suggest that microglial activation may occur secondary to chronic neurodegeneration.
Long‐term outcomes in African American kidney transplant recipients under contemporary immunosuppression: a four‐yr analysis of the Mycophenolic acid Observational REnal transplant (MORE) study
Authors: Narayanan Mohanram , Pankewycz Oleh , Shihab Fuad , Wiland Anne , McCague Kevin , Chan Laurence 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMycophenolic acid Observational REnal transplant (MORE) was a prospective, observational study of de novo kidney transplant patients receiving mycophenolic acid (MPA). Four‐yr data on 904 patients receiving tacrolimus and enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were analyzed to evaluate immunosuppression and graft outcomes in African American (AA, n = 218) vs. non‐AA (n = 686) patients. Mean tacrolimus dose was higher in AA vs. non‐AA patients but mean tacrolimus trough concentration was similar. Use of the recommended MPA dose in AA patients decreased from 78.9% at baseline to 33.1% at year 3. More AA patients received the recommended MPA dose with EC‐MPS than MMF at month 6 (56.2% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.016) and month 36 (46.6% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.029), with no safety penalty. Significantly, more AA patients received corticosteroids than non‐AA patients. Biopsy‐proven acute rejection was higher in AA vs. non‐AA patients (18.9% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.003), as was graft loss (10.9% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.003); differences were confirmed by Cox regression analysis. Patient survival was similar. Estimated GFR was comparable in AA vs. non‐AA patients. Kidney allograft survival remains lower for AA vs. non‐AA recipients even under the current standard of care.
Changes in Australian attitudes to alcohol policy: 1995–2010
Authors: Callinan Sarah , Room Robin , Livingston Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn 2009 Wilkinson and colleagues reported a downward trend in support for alcohol policy restrictions in Australia between 1995 and 2004. The aim of the current study is to examine more recent data on policy support in Australia, specifically for policies covering alcohol availability up to 2010, and to examine specific demographic shifts in support.Design and MethodsData was taken from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys from 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010 (n = 80 846), primarily responses to attitude items on policy restriction and demographic questions. The effects of age, sex, drinking patterns and income over time on three items addressing restriction of alcohol availability were assessed using a factorial analysis of variance.ResultsAlthough availability items are among the less popular policy restrictions put forward in the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys, 2004 actually represented a turning point in the decrease in popularity, with an increase in support since then. Though some groups show consistently higher rates of support than others for policy restrictions, the rate of change in support was fairly uniform across demographic and drinking groups.Discussion and ConclusionsDespite the lack of an obvious catalyst, there has been an increase in support for alcohol policy restriction as it relates to general availability and accessibility since 2004. Furthermore, this increase does not appear to be a reflection of a change in a specific group of people, but appears to be occurring across the Australian population. [Callinan S, Room R, Livingston M. Changes in Australian attitudes to alcohol policy: 1995–2010. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:227–234]
A Profitability Evaluation of America's Best Hospitals, 2000–2008
Authors: Benton W. C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTEach year U.S. News and World Report evaluates more than 5,000 U.S. hospitals, of which approximately 3% are considered the best hospitals in America, and hospital profitability has emerged as a business objective for these hospitals. This study investigates the profitability performance of the best (highest quality) hospitals in the United States. A 9‐year longitudinal investigation of profitability for the best hospitals in the United States is conducted. The results offer evidence that the primary drivers of hospital profitability are the case mix index and daily bed capacity. In terms of hospital profitability, there appears to be a tradeoff between these two factors. Finally, caution must be used when ranking U.S. News and World Report Honor Roll hospitals, in terms of profitability and performance.
APOE*3Leiden.CETP transgenic mice as model for pharmaceutical treatment of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: van den Hoek A. M. , van der Hoorn J. W. A. , Maas A. C. , van den Hoogen R. M. , van Nieuwkoop A. , Droog S. , Offerman E. H. , Pieterman E. J. , Havekes L. M. , Princen H. M. G. 
Published: December 2013

AimsThis study aimed to investigate systematically (i) the appropriate dietary conditions to induce the features of the MetS in APOE*3Leiden.humanCholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (E3L.CETP) mice and (ii) whether the response of this model to different antidiabetic and hypolipidemic drugs is similar as in humans.MethodsMale obese, IR and dyslipidemic E3L.CETP mice were treated with antidiabetic drugs rosiglitazone, liraglutide or an experimental 11β‐hydroxysteroid‐dehydrogenase‐1 (HSD‐1) inhibitor, or with hypolipidemic drugs atorvastatin, fenofibrate or niacin for 4–6 weeks. The effects on bw, IR and plasma and liver lipids were assessed.ResultsRosiglitazone, liraglutide and HSD‐1 inhibitor significantly decreased glucose and insulin levels or IR. Liraglutide and HSD‐1 inhibitor also decreased bw. Atorvastatin, fenofibrate and niacin improved the dyslipidemia and fenofibrate and niacin increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In addition, hepatic triglycerides were significantly decreased by treatment with rosiglitazone and liraglutide, while hepatic cholesterol esters were significantly decreased by rosiglitazone and atorvastatin.ConclusionsWe conclude that the E3L.CETP mouse is a promising novel translational model to investigate the effects of new drugs, alone or in combination, that affect IR, diabetic dyslipidemia and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Value of Two‐Dimensional Longitudinal Strains Analysis to Assess the Impact of Thrombus Aspiration during Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Left Ventricular Function: A Speckle Tracking Imaging Substudy of the EXPIRA Trial
Authors: Cimino Sara , Agati Luciano , Lucisano Luigi , Mancone Massimo , Petronilli Valentina , Cicogna Francesco , Fedele Francesco , Sardella Gennaro 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThrombectomy during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (Th‐PCI) improves myocardial reperfusion in the absence of significant changes, in the acute phase, in traditional two‐dimensional (2D) echo indexes of left ventricular (LV) function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) analysis in assessing the efficacy of thrombectomy as compared to standard 2D echo and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data.MethodsTwo‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography analysis was performed in 60 anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients to assess global (GLS), segmental (SLS) and regional longitudinal strain (RLS). 2D echo and CMR were performed within 5 days after PCI. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the different methods of reperfusion used: 28 pts Th‐PCI and 32 pts standard PCI (S‐PCI).ResultsBaseline clinical and angiographic characteristics, 2D echo, and DE‐CMR data before and after PCI were similar in the 2 groups, except for microvascular obstruction (MVO), significantly lower (P = 0.001) in Th‐PCI group. Conversely, GLS was significantly higher in Th‐PCI group (P < 0.001), and in particular in the subset of patients without MVO (P = 0.012). RLS was also significantly higher in Th‐PCI group (P = 0.001). GLS significantly correlates with infarct size, (R = 0.47; P = 0.03) and MVO (R = 0.69, P = 0.001). Finally, SLS was significantly lower in the DE segments (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients treated with Th‐PCI had a more preserved microvascular integrity resulting in a better myocardial longitudinal deformation. 2DSTE analysis adds significant information on the efficacy of thrombus aspiration as compared to standard echocardiography and it is closely related to the extent of microvascular damage.
Nonsymmetric Myocardial Contribution to Supranormal Right Ventricular Function in the Athlete's Heart: Combined Assessment by Speckle Tracking and Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Esposito Roberta , Galderisi Maurizio , Schiano‐Lomoriello Vincenzo , Santoro Alessandro , De Palma Daniela , Ippolito Renato , Muscariello Riccardo , Santoro Ciro , Guerra Germano , Cameli Matteo , Mondillo Sergio , De Simone Giovanni 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo investigate determinants of right ventricular (RV) function in competitive athletes by a combined assessment of speckle tracking (STE) and real time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE).MethodsRight ventricular function of 40 top‐level rowers was compared to 43 sedentary normal controls by standard Doppler echocardiography, RT3DE, and STE. RV diameters and wall thickness, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid E/A ratio, and pulsed tissue Doppler of lateral tricuspid annulus were analyzed. RV volumes, ejection fraction (EF), and stroke volume (SV) were determined. RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) (average of 6 regions), septal strain (average of 3 septal regions, septal longitudinal strain [SLS]), and lateral strain (average of 3 lateral regions, lateral longitudinal strain [LLS]) were estimated by STE.ResultsThe 2 groups were comparable for age, body mass index, and blood pressure, but heart rate was lower in rowers. RV diameters were larger and TAPSE, tricuspid E/A ratio, and tissue Doppler‐derived s′ and e′ velocities were higher in rowers. By RT3DE, RV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) and end‐systolic volume were greater in rowers (both P < 0.0001), without difference in EF. GLS (P < 0.005) and LLS (P < 0.001), but not SLS, were greater in rowers. In pooled groups, LLS was related to EDV and SV, even after adjusting for heart rate, body mass index, and RV wall thickness by separate multiple linear regression analyses (β coefficient = 0.247, P < 0.01 and β = 0.225, P < 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsRight ventricular preload exerts its maximal influence on the longitudinal lateral fibers, which is independent on potential confounders and largely induces RV supranormal function in the athlete's heart.
Empire: An Analytical Category for Educational Research
Authors: Coloma Roland Sintos 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this article Roland Sintos Coloma argues for the relevance of empire as an analytical category in educational research. He points out the silence in mainstream studies of education on the subject of empire, the various interpretive approaches to deploying empire as an analytic, and the importance of indigeneity in research on empire and education. Coloma examines three award‐winning books, Lawrence Cremin's The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957, John Willinsky's Learning to Divide the World: Education at Empire's End, and David Wallace Adams's Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875–1928, in order to delineate the heuristic spectrum of the use of empire in educational research. These texts are put in conversation with the interdisciplinary fields of American, postcolonial, race/ethnic, and indigenous studies where questions of empire have received considerable attention. Ultimately, mobilizing empire as an analytical category will enable researchers, policymakers, and educators to establish new connections and dispute long‐standing views about discursive, structural, and affective dynamics at local, national, and global levels.
“Envelope wages” in the European Union
Authors: WILLIAMS Colin C. , PADMORE Jo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article reveals how many formal employees in the European Union receive from their formal employer not only a declared wage but also an undeclared “envelope wage”. Reporting the results of a 2007 survey involving 26,659 face‐to‐face interviews, the authors find that one in 18 formal employees receives an envelope wage from their formal employer, amounting to 25 per cent of their gross pay on average. Such hybrid wage arrangements are ubiquitous, but are more common in some countries, employee categories and types of firm than others. The authors conclude by discussing the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.
Labour law violations in Chile
Authors: KANBUR Ravi , RONCONI Lucas , WEDENOJA Leigh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis empirical contribution to the quantification of labour law violation uses micro survey data to examine compliance with workers' statutory entitlements to a minimum wage, working time limits, a written contract, and pension coverage over the period 1990–2009. One‐third of workers were denied at least one of these entitlements, albeit with significant variations in the incidence of violations over time, across laws and by worker and firm characteristics. The authors' econometric analysis shows that compliance rates are lower for female, foreign‐born, indigenous and less educated workers, and in smaller firms and agricultural regions. Further research, they argue, should focus on enforcement.
Driving forces of informal labour supply and demand in Germany
Authors: HAIGNER Stefan D. , JENEWEIN Stefan , SCHNEIDER Friedrich , WAKOLBINGER Florian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe authors empirically investigate people's reasons for supplying or using informal labour, on the basis of data obtained from a 2010 survey of German residents. Building on existing research, they find that being unemployed, or having been unemployed in the past, significantly increases the probability of supplying informal labour. In addition, dissatisfaction with one's relative standing in society, and annoyance at government inefficiency, both have a significant positive effect on male informal labour supply. Informal labour demand, however, is not affected by these factors.
Avoiding the employment relationship: Outsourcing and labour substitution among French manufacturing firms, 1984–2003
Authors: PERRAUDIN Corinne , THÈVENOT Nadine , VALENTIN Julie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUsing a comprehensive data set for French manufacturing firms with over 20 employees, the authors quantify the use of outsourcing and show how it has spread since the mid‐1980s, leading to the substitution of external labour for in‐house labour. Empirical analysis suggests that firms outsource in order to bypass the effects of the employment relationship and circumvent their labour law obligations.
Teledermatology for skin cancer prevention: an experience on 690 Austrian patients
Authors: Massone C. , Maak D. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Soyer H.P. , Frühauf J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies investigated the value of teledermatology (TD) as a valid tool for a dermatologist‐directed triage systems.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of a store‐and‐forward TD triage system in a large number of patients.MethodsPreviously trained general practitioners selected suspicious skin tumours in the setting of a general preventive medicine screening programme and transmitted their dermoscopic images via virtual private network for decision‐making. Within 48 h, two teleconsultants highly experienced in dermoscopy first assessed image quality, then made a diagnosis and answered if lesions were to follow‐up, to excise or to be re‐evaluated at face‐to‐face (FTF).ResultsA total of 955 lesions were telediagnosed [743 (78%) benign melanocytic, six (0.6%) malignant melanocytic, 186 (19%) benign non‐melanocytic and 20 (2%) malignant non‐melanocytic]. Excision was recommended for 111 (12%) lesions, 10 lesions (1%) were referred to FTF examination. Follow‐up was recommended for 707 (74%) lesions. The vast majority of the lesions (82%) were screened as benign and an intervention was requested in only 18% of cases. Eighty‐two patients (12% of the total) were lost at follow‐up. The diagnostic accuracy was of 94% with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.8%.ConclusionsWe confirm that TD is suitable to triage skin cancers.
Occurrence and Genome Analysis of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in Iran
Authors: Keshavarz Tayyebeh , Shams‐Bakhsh Masoud , Izadpanah Keramat , Malboobi Mohammad A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn 2011 and 2012, several cucurbit‐growing regions of Iran were surveyed and samples with symptoms similar to those induced by Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) were collected. The pathogen was transmitted to cucumber and melon under greenhouse conditions by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). RT‐PCR using designed CCYV‐specific primer pair (CCYV‐F/CCYV‐R) resulted in amplification of the predicted size DNA fragment (870 bp) for the coat protein (CP) gene in samples collected from Boushehr, Eyvanakay and Varamin. Nucleotide sequences of the CP of the three Iranian CCYV isolates were compared with five CCYV isolates obtained from GenBank and analysed. Phylogenetically, all CCYV isolates clustered in two groups; Group I is composed of five non‐Iranian isolates from China, Lebanon, Japan, Sudan and Taiwan, and the three Iranian isolates formed Group 2. Among Iranian isolates, the Eyvanakay isolate clustered in a distinct clade with the Boushehr and Varamin isolates. A phylogenetic tree based on amino acid identity of CP showed that CCYV was closely related to Lettuce chlorosis virus (LCV), Bean yellow disorder virus (BnYDV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV). This is the first report of CCYV in Iran.
Comparing Norberg angle, linear femoral overlap and surface femoral overlap in radiographic assessment of the canine hip joint
Authors: Janssens L. , De Ridder M. , Verhoeven G. , Gielen I. , van Bree H. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to compare Norberg angle, linear femoral overlap and surface femoral overlap in radiographs of hips accepted for official hip dysplasia screening.METHODSRadiographs of 100 dogs (200 hips) were reviewed. The three measurements were performed in each hip according to previously described methods and thereafter correlated.RESULTSIntra‐ and inter‐observer reliability was very high (all >85%). The linear correlation between Norberg angle and linear femoral overlap or surface femoral overlap was 0·40 and 0·41, respectively. The linear correlation between linear femoral overlap and surface femoral overlap was 0·84.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCENorberg angle cannot be compared with surface femoral overlap or linear femoral overlap, and a mathematical formula could not be computed for the comparison.