bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated unilateral rupture of the alar ligament
Authors: Wong Sui-To , Ernest Kimberly , Fan Grace , Zovickian John , Pang Dachling 
Published: March 2014

Only 6 cases of isolated unilateral rupture of the alar ligament have been previously reported. The authors report a new case and review the literature, morbid anatomy, and pathogenesis of this rare injury. The patient in their case, a 9-year-old girl, fell head first from a height of 5 feet off the ground. She presented with neck pain, a leftward head tilt, and severe limitation of right rotation, extension, and right lateral flexion of the neck. Plain radiographs and CT revealed no fracture but a shift of the dens toward the right lateral mass of C-1. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed signal hyperintensity within the left dens-atlas space on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences and interruption of the expected dark signal representing the left alar ligament, suggestive of its rupture. After 12 weeks of immobilization in a Guilford brace, MRI showed lessened dens deviation, and the patient attained full and painless neck motion.
Including the patient in this case, the 7 patients with this injury were between 5 and 21 years old, sustained the injury in traffic accidents or falls, presented with marked neck pain, and were treated with external immobilization. All patients had good clinical outcome. The mechanism of injury is hyperflexion with rotation. Isolated unilateral alar ligament rupture is a diagnosis made by excluding associated fracture, dislocation, or disruption of other major ligamentous structures in the craniovertebral junction. CT and MRI are essential in establishing the diagnosis. External immobilization is adequate treatment.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with stand-alone Trabecular Metal cages for repeatedly recurrent lumbar disc herniation and back pain
Authors: Lequin Michiel B. , Verbaan Dagmar , Bouma Gerrit J. 
Published: March 2014

Object
Patients with recurrent sciatica due to repeated reherniation of the intervertebral disc carry a poor prognosis for recovery and create a large burden on society. There is no consensus about the best treatment for this patient group. The goal of this study was to evaluate the 12-month results of the placement of stand-alone Trabecular Metal cages in these patients.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with recurrent disc herniations treated with stand-alone posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with Trabecular Metal cages. At 1 year patients were evaluated using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Furthermore, Likert scores of perceived recovery and satisfaction with the treatment were recorded. Lumbar spine radiographs after 1 year were compared with postoperative radiographs to measure subsidence. Stability of the operated segment was assessed using dynamic radiography.

Results
The patient group consisted of 26 patients (62% male) with a mean age of 45.7 ± 11.4 years (± SD). Patients had a history of 1 (31%), 2 (42%), or more (27%) discectomies at the same level. The mean follow-up period was 15.3 ± 7.3 months. At follow-up the mean VAS score for pain in the affected leg was 36.7 ± 27.9. The mean VAS score for back pain was 42.5 ± 30.2. The mean RMDQ score at follow-up was 9.8 ± 6.2. Twelve (46%) of the 26 patients had a global perceived good recovery. With respect to treatment satisfaction, 18 patients (69%) were content or very content with the operation and would recommend it. Disc height was increased immediately postoperatively, and at the 1-year follow-up it was still significantly higher compared with the preoperative height (mean 41% ± 38.7%, range −25.7 to 126.8, paired t-test, both p < 0.001), although a mean of 7.52% ± 11.6% subsidence occurred (median 2.0% [interquartile range 0.0%–10.9%], p < 0.003). No significant correlation between subsidence and postoperative back pain was found (Spearman's rho −0.2, p = 0.459). Flexion-extension radiographs showed instability in 1 patient.

Conclusions
Although only 46% of patients reported a good recovery with significant reductions in back and leg pain, 85% of patients reported at least some benefit from the operation, and a marked improvement in working status at follow-up was noted. In view of previously published poor results of instrumented lumbar fusion for patients with failed back surgery syndrome, the present data indicate that Trabecular Metal interbody fusion cages can be used in a stand-alone fashion and should not always need supplemental posterior fixation in patients with recurrent disc herniation without spinal instability, although a long-term follow-up study is warranted.
L'ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi et le Front de la persistance, ou le radicalisme en République islamique
Authors: Fourquet Thomas 
Published: March 2014

L’élection de Hassan Rohani et les premiers mois de saprésidence ont été marqué par un consensus relatif qui tranche avec les deux mandats précédents, marqués par des scissions successives. Est-ce le nouveau cours de la politique iranienne, voire une évolution du régime vers une plus grande modération ? Quoi qu’il en soit, la tendance radicale regroupée autour de l’ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah Yazdi se trouve marginalisée après l’échec de son candidat, Said Jalili. Il nous a cependant paru utile de revenir sur l’histoire d’un courant dont l’intransigeance, voire la violence, rappellent les premières années de la Révolution. Philosophe ayant fait une entrée fracassante en politique à la fin des années 90, directeur d’un institut d’enseignement très richement doté, l’institut Emam Khomeini, et d’un séminaire qui a formé de nombreux cadres des services de renseignement, Mesbah reste néanmoins une figure isolée, qui suscite la méfiance jusque dans son propre camp. La raison en est qu’en défendant une version radicalement anti-démocratique de la velayate faqih, il met la République islamique face à ses propres contradictions.
Étude de la productivité d’un aquifère de socle et approche statistique pour la détermination des tranches de profondeurs potentiellement productives : cas de la région de Bongouanou, est de la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Assemian Emile Assie , Kouamé Fernand Koffi , Saley Mahaman Bachir , Affian Kouadio , Youan Ta Marc , Jourda Jean Patrice Roger , Biemi Jean 
Published: March 2014

Dans le département de Bongouanou, l’essentiel de l’approvisionnement en eau potable de la population est assuré par les eaux souterraines contenues dans les aquifères de socle des granites et des schistes. Malheureusement, plus de 20 % des forages réalisés sont négatifs, en raison de leur trop faible productivité. Ce travail a donc pour objectif d’améliorer la connaissance de ce type d'aquifère et d’évaluer ses potentialités en eau souterraine. Pour ce faire, des analyses statistiques des paramètres hydrogéologiques de 230 forages réalisés dans le département de Bongouanou ont été effectuées. Cet aquifère bénéficie d’une recharge moyenne annuelle de 145 mm. La moyenne du débit des forages est de 4,34 m3•h‑1 et la transmissivité moyenne est de 1,5•10‑4 m2•s‑1. Les aquifères de socle de la région de Bongouanou sont donc modestement productifs, caractéristique typique des milieux de socle altérés. Les résultats statistiques révèlent que les schistes, qui occupent plus de 80 % du territoire, sont plus productifs que les granites. Généralement, les forages implantés sur les pentes et les fonds de vallée, dans cette région, présentent des débits plus importants que ceux des plateaux. L’influence de l’altération sur la productivité des forages est démontrée. Statistiquement, elle se traduit par une relation apparente entre l’épaisseur des altérites meubles (saprolite) et la productivité. Ainsi, pour des épaisseurs de saprolite inférieures à 15 m (interprétées comme dues à l’absence de l’horizon fissuré perméable sous-jacent) et supérieures à 60 m (interprétées comme dues au fait que le forage recoupe une discontinuité subverticale argilisée), les débits sont très faibles. On observe aussi que ce sont seulement les 30 premiers mètres de l’horizon fissuré, situé juste sous la base des altérites meubles, qui sont les plus perméables, et donc les plus productifs; au-delà de cette limite, la perméabilité diminue sensiblement avec la profondeur. Ainsi, dans cette région, à partir de la surface du sol, les profondeurs optimales les plus productives en eau souterraine sont comprises entre 40 et 70 m pour les granites et 40 à 80 m pour les schistes. Enfin, ce travail permet de proposer un modèle conceptuel de la structure et des propriétés hydrodynamiques des aquifères de socle de cette région de la Côte d’Ivoire.
Le site Gaudreau de Weedon
Authors: Graillon Éric , Chapdelaine Claude , Chalifoux Éric 
Published: March 2014

Les sites où l’on a retrouvé des pointes à retouches parallèles sont bien représentés en Gaspésie et au Bas-Saint-Laurent, mais ils demeurent rares ailleurs au Québec méridional. Un nouveau site, situé à Weedon, à la jonction des rivières Saint-François et au Saumon, a livré une petite collection de pointes Plano du Paléoindien récent taillées dans un matériau inconnu s’apparentant visuellement aux rhyolites, mais dont l’identification précise et la source restent à confirmer. Cet assemblage diagnostique a été récupéré en profondeur au sein de ce qui semble représenter un petit atelier de taille composé d’environ 500 éclats du même matériau que les pointes. Dans cet article, la description de l’outillage et du débitage est suivie d’une discussion sur l’importance de ce nouveau site Plano pour mieux comprendre la chronologie et l’adaptation de ces chasseurs-cueilleurs qui devaient s’ajuster au milieu changeant de la transition Pléistocène-Holocène.
Influência da palha no controle químico de plantas daninhas no sistema de cana crua
Authors: Silva Paulo Vinicius da , Monquero Patrícia Andrea 
Published: March 2014

No sistema de colheita mecanizada sem a queima prévia do canavial (cana crua) é deixada sobre o solo uma camada de palha que pode superar até 20 t ha-1, o que representa uma barreira para germinação e emergência de algumas espécies daninhas e pode afetar a lixiviação e eficácia dos herbicidas. Portanto, diante dessa alteração, os herbicidas utilizados na pré-emergência das plantas daninhas, no sistema de cana crua, precisam apresentar algumas características físico químicas especificas para que sejam eficazes no controle de plantas daninhas, tais como: alta solubilidade em água, baixa pressão de vapor e baixo Kow. Além disto, é importante considerar a quantidade e distribuição de palha no campo e a intensidade de chuva após a aplicação dos herbicidas, já que estes fatores determinam o quanto do produto é interceptado pela palha, não atingindo o solo que é o seu destino final. Diante do exposto, a presente revisão tem como objetivo esclarecer como a palha na superfície do solo pode influenciar o controle químico das plantas daninhas e o comportamento dos herbicidas em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar.
Sediment supply to beaches: Cross‐shore sand transport on the lower shoreface
Authors: Aagaard Troels 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany beaches have been built by an onshore supply of sand from the shoreface, and future long‐term coastal evolution critically depends on cross‐shore sediment exchange between the upper and the lower shorefaces. Even so, cross‐shore sediment supply remains poorly known in quantitative terms and this reduces confidence in predictions of long‐term shoreline change. In this paper, field measurements of suspended sediment load and cross‐shore transport on the lower shoreface are used to derive a model for sediment supply from the lower to the upper shoreface at large spatial and temporal scales. Data collection took place at five different field sites that exhibit a wide range of wave conditions and sediment characteristics. Data analysis shows that both suspended sediment load and cross‐shore sediment transport scale with the grain‐related mobility number which ranged up to ψ ≈ 1000 in the measurements while the effect of orbital velocity skewness is more limited. A 1 year long simulation of sediment transfers between the lower and the upper shorefaces on a natural beach compares well with transport rates estimated from long‐term bar migration patterns and aeolian accretion on the same beach.
Midcrustal discontinuities and the assembly of the Himalayan midcrust
Authors: Larson Kyle P. , Cottle John M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDetailed quartz lattice preferred orientation (LPO) data define two structural discontinuities in the exhumed high‐grade metamorphic core of the Himalaya exposed in the upper Tama Kosi region of east central Nepal. The structures are marked by abrupt breaks in a general trend of up structural section increasing quartz LPO‐defined deformation temperatures. Deformation associated with the upper structural discontinuity, which occurs within sillimanite grade rocks, is postpeak metamorphism in both the hanging wall and the footwall. New geochronologic data constrain the timing of metamorphism in the hanging wall of the upper discontinuity to between 24 and 16 Ma, indistinguishable from previously published ages for the footwall. Movement across this structure represents Early Miocene strain localization and thickening in the Himalayan midcrust. Movement across the lower discontinuity, which occurs between staurolite and kyanite grade rocks, appears to be synmetamorphic with material in its footwall at approximately 10 Ma, but postpeak metamorphism for material in its hanging wall. This movement is interpreted to reflect the underplating and incorporation of material into the metamorphic core. The recognition of two thrust‐sense discontinuities in the exhumed Himalayan core in the Tama Kosi region is consistent with other similar structures recognized along the Himalaya. The widespread nature of these structures reinforces that they are important to our understanding of the evolution of the kinematics of large, hot orogens.
Iron‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkynes and Alkenes
Authors: Xu Tao , Cheung Chi Wai , Hu Xile 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIron catalysis has been developed for the intermolecular 1,2‐addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to alkynes and alkenes. The catalysis has a wide substrate scope and high functional‐group tolerance. A variety of perfluoroalkyl iodides including CF3I can be employed. The resulting perfluoroalkylated alkyl and alkenyl iodides can be further functionalized by cross‐coupling reactions. This methodology provides a straightforward and streamlined access to perfluoroalkylated organic molecules.
Arc length asymptotics for multivariate time series
Authors: Wickramarachchi Tharanga D. , Gallagher Colin , Lund Robert 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper quantifies the asymptotic behavior of sample arc lengths in a multivariate time series. Arc length is a natural measure of the fluctuations in a data series and can be used to quantify volatility. The idea is that processes with larger sample arc lengths exhibit larger fluctuations and hence suggest greater volatility. Here, a Gaussian functional central limit theorem for sample arc lengths is proven under finite second moment conditions. With equally spaced observations, the theory is shown to apply when the first differences of the series obey many of the popular stationary time series models in today's literature, including autoregressive moving‐average, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic, and stochastic volatility model classes. A cumulative sum statistic is introduced to identify series regimes of differing volatilities. Our applications consider log prices of asset series. Specifically, the results are used to detect nonstationary periods of stock prices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic Analysis of Large Enzyme Families: Identification of Specificity‐ and Selectivity‐Determining Hotspots
Authors: Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA general strategy is described that integrates data mining of enzyme families and molecular modeling of enzyme–substrate interactions to identify selectivity hotspots and to design focused variant libraries for changed regio‐ and stereoselectivity. This strategy is demonstrated for two case studies; the design of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases with improved regioselectivity and of thiamine diphosphate dependent enzymes with improved stereoselectivity. In both families, two selectivity hotspots are found in almost all sequences, and simple, generic rules are established to predict the effect of mutations at these positions on selectivity. The crucial role of the hotspot positions is validated for an increasing number of enzymes by designing variants with improved or switched selectivity.
Expanded‐Ring N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Efficiently Stabilize Gold(I) Cations, Leading to High Activity in π‐Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclizations
Authors: Morozov Oleg S. , Lunchev Andrey V. , Bush Alexander A. , Tukov Aleksandr A. , Asachenko Andrey F. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Zalesskiy Sergey S. , Ananikov Valentine P. , Nechaev Mikhail S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA series of six‐ and seven‐membered expanded‐ring N‐heterocyclic carbene (er‐NHC) gold(I) complexes has been synthesized using different synthetic approaches. Complexes with weakly coordinating anions [(er‐NHC)AuX] (X−=BF4−, NTf2−, OTf−) were generated in solution. According to their 13C NMR spectra, the ionic character of the complexes increases in the order X−=Cl−<NTf2−<OTf−<BF4−. Additional factors for stabilization of the cationic complexes are expansion of the NHC ring and the attachment of bulky substituents at the nitrogen atoms. These er‐NHCs are bulkier ligands and stronger electron donors than conventional NHCs as well as phosphines and sulfides and provide more stabilization of [(L)Au+] cations. A comparative study has been carried out of the catalytic activities of five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered carbene complexes [(NHC)AuX], [(Ph3P)AuX], [(Me2S)AuX], and inorganic compounds of gold in model reactions of indole and benzofuran synthesis. It was found that increased ionic character of the complexes was correlated with increased catalytic activity in the cyclization reactions. As a result, we developed an unprecedentedly active monoligand cationic [(THD‐Dipp)Au]BF4 (1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrodiazepin‐2‐ylidene gold(I) tetrafluoroborate) catalyst bearing seven‐membered‐ring carbene and bulky Dipp substituents. Quantitative yields of cyclized products were attained in several minutes at room temperature at 1 mol % catalyst loadings. The experimental observations were rationalized and fully supported by DFT calculations.
Redox Non‐Innocence of Coordinated 2‐(Arylazo) Pyridines in Iridium Complexes: Characterization of Redox Series and an Insight into Voltage‐Induced Current Characteristics
Authors: Goswami Sreetosh , Sengupta Debabrata , Paul Nanda D. , Mondal Tapan K. , Goswami Sreebrata 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo examples of a rare class of di‐radical azo‐anion complexes of 2‐(arylazo) pyridine with IrIII carrier are introduced. Their electronic structures have been elucidated using a host of physical methods that include X‐ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory. Room temperature magnetic moments of these are consistent with two nearly non‐interacting azo‐anion radicals. These displayed rich electrochemical properties consisting of six numbers of reversible and successive one electron CV‐waves. Redox processes occur entirely at the coordinated ligands without affecting metal redox state. Apart from reporting their chemical characterization, I‐V characteristics of these complexes in film state are investigated using sandwich‐type devices comprising of a thin film of 100–125 nm thickness placed between two gold‐plated ITO electrodes. These showed memory switching properties covering a useful voltage range with a reasonable ON/OFF ratio and also are suitable for RAM/ROM applications. I‐V characteristics of two similar complexes of Rh and Cr with identical ligand environment and electronic structure are also referred for developing an insight into the memory switching ability of Ir‐ and Rh‐ complexes on the basis of comparative analysis of responses of the respective systems. In a nutshell, thorough analysis of voltage driven redox dynamics and corresponding solid and solution state current responses of all the systems are attempted and there from an unexplored class of switching devices are systematically introduced.
Hierarchical MoS2 Shells Supported on Carbon Spheres for Highly Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHierarchical MoS2 shells supported on carbon spheres (denoted as C@MoS2) have been synthesized through a one‐step hydrothermal method. The obtained hierarchical C@MoS2 microspheres simultaneously integrate the structural and compositional design rationales for high‐energy electrode materials based on two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the hierarchical C@MoS2 microspheres manifest high specific capacity, enhanced cycling stability and good rate capability.
Structural Optimization and Biological Screening of a Steroidal Scaffold Possessing Cucurbitacin‐Like Functionalities as B‐Raf Inhibitors
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud S. , Kopel Lucas C. , Halaweish Fathi T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInhibition of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by targeting the commonly occurring mutated B‐Raf in melanoma has become a practical method for the development of drugs and drug candidates. In order to expand upon the currently reported structural scaffolds used to target the MAPK pathway, molecular docking studies led to the installation an α,β‐unsaturated ketone side chain, related to the cucurbitacin class of natural products, on to an estrone core via an aldol condensation reaction, along with installation of the Δ9,11 olefin to assemble what has been defined as a pseudo‐cis configuration at the B/C ring juncture. Combination of these cucurbitacin‐like features resulted in a compound with an enhanced biological profile against the A‐375 mutant B‐Raf cell line, in regards to their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity toward phosphorylated extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK).
Retracted: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2‐Anilinopyridine‐3‐Acrylamides as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Ashraf Md. , Khan M. Naseer Ahmed , Nimbarte Vijaykumar D. , Faazil Shaikh , Subba Reddy N. V. , Taj Shaik 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe following article Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2‐Anilinopyridine‐3‐Acrylamides as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors, by A. Kamal, Md. Ashraf, M. N. A. Khan, V. D. Nimbarte, S. Faazil, N. V. Subba Reddy, S. Taj, ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400036, published online on March 28, 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Natalia Ortúzar, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed due to concern over the reproducibility of the Western blot results reported in the article.