bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and harvest effects on soil properties under rainfed switchgrass and no‐till corn over 9 years: implications for soil quality
Authors: Stewart Catherine E. , Follett Ronald F. , Pruessner Elizabeth G. , Varvel Gary E. , Vogel Kenneth P. , Mitchell Robert B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer and harvest management will alter soils under bioenergy crop production and the long‐term effects of harvest timing and residue removal remain relatively unknown. Compared to no‐tilled corn (NT‐C, Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is predicted to improve soil properties [i.e. soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass (SMB‐C), and soil aggregation] due to its perennial nature and deep‐rooted growth form, but few explicit field comparisons exist. We assessed soil properties over 9 years for a rainfed study of N fertilizer rate (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha−1) and harvest management on switchgrass (harvested in August and postfrost) and NT‐C (with and without 50% stover removal) in eastern NE. We measured SOC, aggregate stability, SMB‐C, bulk density (BD), pH, P and K in the top 0–30 cm. Both NT‐C and switchgrass increased SMB‐C, SOC content, and aggregate stability over the 9 years, reflecting improvement from previous conventional management. However, the soils under switchgrass had double the percent aggregate stability, 1.3 times more microbial biomass, and a 5–8% decrease in bulk density in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths compared to NT‐C. After 9 years, cumulative decrease in available P was significantly greater beneath NT‐C (−24.0 kg P ha−1) compared to switchgrass (−5.4 kg P ha−1). When all measured soil parameters were included in the Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF), switchgrass improved soil quality index over time (ΔSQI) in all depths. NT‐C without residue removal did not affect ΔSQI, but 50% residue removal decreased ΔSQI (0–30 cm) due to reduced aggregate stability and SMB‐C. Even with best‐management practices such as NT, corn stover removal will have to be carefully managed to prevent soil degradation. Long‐term N and harvest management studies that include biological, chemical, and physical soil measurements are necessary to accurately assess bioenergy impacts on soils.
A Dynamic Spatial Weight Matrix and Localized Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average for Network Modeling
Authors: Cheng Tao , Wang Jiaqiu , Haworth James , Heydecker Benjamin , Chow Andy 
Published: January 2014

Various statistical model specifications for describing spatiotemporal processes have been proposed over the years, including the space–time autoregressive integrated moving average (STARIMA) and its various extensions. These model specifications assume that the correlation in data can be adequately described by parameters that are globally fixed spatially and/or temporally. They are inadequate for cases in which the correlations among data are dynamic and heterogeneous, such as network data. The aim of this article is to describe autocorrelation in network data with a dynamic spatial weight matrix and a localized STARIMA model that captures the autocorrelation locally (heterogeneity) and dynamically (nonstationarity). The specification is tested with traffic data collected for central London. The result shows that the performance of estimation and prediction is improved compared with standard STARIMA models that are widely used for space–time modeling.En los últimos años, se han propuesto diversas especificaciones de modelado estadístico para describir procesos espacio‐temporales. Esto incluye el modelo espacio‐temporal autorregresivo integrado de media móvil (STARIMA) y sus varios derivados. Estas especificaciones de modelo asumen que la correlación de los datos puede ser adecuadamente descrita por parámetros que se fijan a nivel global en el espacio y/o tiempo. Dichos parámetros son inadecuados para los casos en los que las correlaciones entre los datos son dinámicas y heterogéneas, como en el contexto de los datos de la red. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la autocorrelación en los datos de red con una matriz de ponderación espacial dinámica y un modelo STARIMA localizado (LSTARIMA) que captura la autocorrelación local (heterogeneidad) de forma dinámica (no estacionariedad). La especificación del modelo es evaluada con datos de tráfico recolectados en el centro de Londres. Los resultados demuestran que los rendimientos de estimación y predicción mejoran con el método propuesto en comparación con los modelos STARIMA estándar que son ampliamente utilizados para el modelado de espacio‐temporal.通过设定多种统计模型来描述地理时空过程已提出多年，包括时空自回归移动平均(STARIMA)及其变形。此类模型通过假设数据相关性可由在时间域或者空间域上全局不变的参数加以充分描述。因此，上述模型不适用于具有动态或异质相关性的数据，如网络数据。本文试图采用一个动态空间权重矩阵与局部时空自回归移动平均(LSTARIMA)模型来描述数据的自相关程度，以此捕捉局域自相关(异质性)和动态自相关(非平稳性)。以伦敦市中心的交通数据作为模型的实证案例的测试结果显示，相对于广泛应用于时空过程分析的标准STARIMA模型，本文的模型在参数估计和预测性能上均有提升。
Revisiting the association between altitude and mortality in dialysis patients
Authors: Shapiro Bryan B. , Streja Elani , Rhee Connie M. , Molnar Miklos Z. , Kheifets Leeka , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kopple Joel D. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt was recently reported that residential altitude is inversely associated with all‐cause mortality among incident dialysis patients; however, no adjustment was made for key case‐mix and laboratory variables. We re‐examined this question in a contemporary patient database with comprehensive clinical and laboratory data. In a contemporary 8‐year cohort of 144,892 maintenance dialysis patients from a large dialysis organization, we examined the relationship between residential altitude and all‐cause mortality. Using data from the US Geological Survey, the average residential altitudes per approximately 43,000 US zip codes were compiled and linked to the residential zip codes of each patient. Mortality risks for these patients were estimated by Cox proportional hazard ratios. The study population's mean ± standard deviation age was 61 ± 15 years. Forty‐five percent of patients were women, and 57% of patients had diabetes. In fully adjusted analysis, those residing in the highest altitude strata (≥6000 ft) had a lower all‐cause mortality risk in fully adjusted analyses: death hazard ratio: 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.86–0.99), as compared with patients in the reference group (<250 ft). Residential altitude is inversely associated in all‐cause mortality risk in maintenance dialysis patients notwithstanding the unknown and unmeasured confounders.
Severe carbamazepine intoxication unresponsive to albumin‐enhanced continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with low dialysate flow
Authors: Chung Young K. , Chang Kyung Y. , Park Hoon S. , Kim Mi‐Hee , Lee Kang‐Min , Lim Tae‐Seok , Kim Hyung W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCarbamazepine (CBZ) intoxication can be associated with severe toxicity, including neurological and cardio‐respiratory abnormalities. Highly protein‐bound, CBZ is not removed efficiently through conventional hemodialysis. Charcoal hemoperfusion is the most effective extracorporeal elimination therapy for CBZ intoxication. Recent reports have indicated that continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), albumin‐enhanced continuous venovenous hemodialysis, high‐flux hemodialysis and plasma exchange can be as effective as charcoal hemoperfusion. In contrast to recent reports, which demonstrated the effectiveness of CVVHDF with high dialysate flow in CBZ intoxication, we observed that serum CBZ level was decreased minimally by albumin‐enhanced CVVHDF with low dialysate flow. Therefore, albumin‐enhanced CVVHDF with high dialysate flow should be considered in severe CBZ intoxication, if hemoperfusion is unavailable because of the lack of facilities or if it cannot be performed.
Challenging Conceptions of Western Higher Education and Promoting Graduates as Global Citizens
Authors: Clifford Valerie , Montgomery Catherine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecently there has been a shift in the discourses of university policy from internationalisation towards the contested concept of global citizenship. This paper explores ways of challenging the current interpretation of international education policy through the concept of global citizenship drawing on the discussion forums of two cohorts of participants in an online course. The participants’ responses illustrate ways they are rethinking the purpose of international higher education and the relevance of the concept of global citizenship. Whilst most participants whole‐heartedly endorsed a more holistic view of higher education, several issues were raised, especially the fit of the ideal of global citizenship with a capitalist society and the Western heritage of the concept, which were perceived to be troublesome issues. Resistance to the inclusion of education for global citizenship was anticipated from institutions and disciplines, both heavily invested in the status quo. The academics’ personal beliefs about higher education, and their willingness and potential to design and deliver curriculum for global citizenship were also prominent. Although universities are beginning to include the term global citizen in their policy documents the extent to which this might influence the goals and curricula of higher education is yet to be realised.
Generational differences in workplace behavior
Authors: Becton John Bret , Walker Harvell Jack , Jones‐Farmer Allison 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPopular stereotypes suggest that generational differences among workers present challenges for workplace managers. However, existing empirical research provides mixed evidence for generational differences in important values and attitudes. The current study extends generational effects research by examining differences in actual workplace behaviors. Drawing from commonly held generational stereotypes, the authors hypothesized thatBabyBoomers would exhibit (Hypothesis 1) fewer job mobility behaviors and (Hypothesis 2) more instances of compliance‐related behaviors in comparison with bothGenXers andMillennials, while (Hypothesis 3)GenXers would be less likely to work overtime in comparison withBabyBoomers andMillennials. A sample of 8,040 applicants at two organizations was used to test these predictions. Results provided support for Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 3 and partial support for Hypothesis 2, but the effect sizes for these relationships were small. It appears the effects of generational membership on workplace behavior are not as strong as suggested by commonly held stereotypes. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Does host determine short‐range flight capacity of trichogrammatids?
Authors: Dias‐Pini N. S. , DaSilva C. S. B. , Peñaflor M. F. G. V. , Parra J. R. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBiological traits, such as body size, fecundity and fertility, of egg parasitoids are strongly influenced by host species, and the use of a single‐host species for consecutive generations has been showed to be detrimental for egg parasitoid biology. Besides biological traits, behaviour of egg parasitoids is also an important parameter for implying their performance in the field, but information about the effect of host on the behaviour of egg parasitoids is still scarce. Thus, this work aimed at determining the influence of host species on the short‐range flight capacity of three egg parasitoids Trichogrammatoidea annulata De Santis, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman and Platner and Trichogramma bruni Nagajara reared on Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), for first, 10 and 28 consecutive generations. Trichogrammatids emerged inside a tubular dark flight chamber, under controlled conditions, and short‐range flying response was based on the proportions of adults trapped to the sticky top of the chamber and the ones found on the bottom, which were checked for defective wings. Our data clearly demonstrate that trichogrammatid short‐range flight depends on the fasctidious host species. All three egg parasitoids had their flight capacity significantly reduced when emerged from S. cerealella. The highest flying capacity of T. annulata was registered when reared on C. cephalonica, while for T. atopovirilia was on A. kuehniella and T. bruni on both C. cephalonica and A. kuehniella. Parasitoid flight capacity is affected when reared on the same host over generations; however, it was not possible to define a pattern for any of the trichogrammatids. Our findings are of great relevance for quality control of mass‐reared egg parasitoids because measuring only behavioural traits with use of flight chambers can be more practical and less time‐consuming than assessing biological parameters.
Vaccination and triploidy increase relative heart weight in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Fraser T W K , Mayer I , Hansen T , Poppe T T , Skjæraasen J E , Koppang E O , Fjelldal P G 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHeart morphology is particularly plastic in teleosts and differs between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. However, little is known about how different culture practices and sex affect heart morphology. This study investigated how vaccination, triploidy and sex affected heart size and heart morphology (ventricle shape, angle of the bulbus arteriosus) in farmed Atlantic salmon for 18 months following vaccination (from c. 50–3000 g body weight). In addition, hearts were examined histologically after 7 months in sea water. All fish sampled were sexually immature. Vaccinated fish had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight and a more triangular ventricle than unvaccinated fish, suggesting a greater cardiac workload. Irrespective of time, triploids had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight, a more acute angle of the bulbus arteriosus and less fat deposition in the epicardium than diploids. The ventricle was also more triangular in triploids than diploids at seawater transfer. Sex had transient effects on the angle of the bulbus arteriosus, but no effect on relative heart weight or ventricle shape. From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed Atlantic salmon.
Association Between Higher Plasma Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Vitamin C Concentrations and Longer Telomere Length: Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
Authors: Sen Abhijit , Marsche Gunther , Freudenberger Paul , Schallert Michael , Toeglhofer Anna M. , Nagl Christoph , Schmidt Reinhold , Launer Lenore J. , Schmidt Helena 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly adults.DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.SettingAustrian Stroke Prevention Study, a population‐based cohort study on brain aging.ParticipantsIndividuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 (n = 786; 58% female).MeasurementsConcentrations of vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, β‐cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, α‐ and γ‐tocopherol, α‐ and β‐carotene, and retinol in plasma, advanced oxidation protein products as a measure of oxidative stress in serum, and LTL were measured. Vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography, advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry, and telomere length using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsMultiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length. The associations were independent of body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content.ConclusionThis study provides first evidence that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations in plasma are associated with longer LTL in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance.
Sleep Disturbances and Risk of Falls in Older Community‐Dwelling Men: The Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS Sleep) Study
Authors: Stone Katie L. , Blackwell Terri L. , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Cauley Jane A. , Redline Susan , Marshall Lynn M. , Ensrud Kristine E. ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that subjective and objective sleep disturbances are associated with risk of incident falls in older men.DesignThe prospective observational MrOS Sleep Study.SettingSix academic clinical centers in the United States.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men aged 67 and older (mean 76) (n = 3,101).MeasurementsSubjective sleep measurements included daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), and total sleep time (TST). Objective sleep measurements included actigraphic TST and sleep efficiency (an index of fragmentation) and sleep disordered breathing (measured using in‐home polysomnography). Fall frequency during the subsequent year was ascertained three times per year using questionnaires. Recurrent falling was defined as having two or more falls in the subsequent year.ResultsIn multivariable‐adjusted models, participants with excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10) but not poor subjective sleep quality (PSQI > 5) had greater odds of experiencing two or more falls in the subsequent year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.52 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–2.03). Based on actigraphic recordings, the odds of having recurrent falls was higher for men who slept 5 hours or less (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.22–2.60) than for those who slept 7 to 8 hours. Actigraphically measured sleep efficiency was also associated with greater risk of falls, as was nocturnal hypoxemia (≥10% of sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation <90%; OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.17–2.24) but not apnea hypopnea index.ConclusionSubjective and objective sleep disturbances were associated with risk of falls in older men, independent of confounders.
Autism in context 2: Assessment, intervention and services in Australia
Authors: Williams Katrina , Woolfenden Susan , Roberts Jacqueline , Rodger Sylvia , Bartak Lawrence , Prior Margot 
Published: January 2014

AbstractContinuing from part 1, part 2 of the autism spectrum disorders review explores clinical practice and service delivery aspects of autism spectrum disorders including current assessment approaches in Australia, family‐centred models of care, and key service structure and delivery issues. Treatments including behavioural interventions, established and emergent medication, and complementary and alternative therapies are discussed. The key role of paediatricians as both individual child and family care providers and advocates, as well as agents of service reform in Australia, is evident. Much still needs to be done.
No effect of moderate or high concentrate allowance on growth parameters in weanlingWarmblood foals fed late‐cut haylage as forage
Authors: Mack J. K. , Remler H. P. , Senckenberg E. , Kienzle E. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryTwo groups of Warmblood foals from the Bavarian federal stud participated in the study beginning from the age of approximately 6 months. The foals were offered a late 1st cut of haylage, oats and foal starter feed. For 2 months after weaning, group ‘R’ (15 foals) received an amount of oats to provide a total digestible energy supply meeting the recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology (GfE), whereas the other group ‘A’ (16 foals) was offered a higher amount of oats (surplus of approximately 1.3 kg/animal/day). Concentrates were fed individually twice daily; total daily haylage intake of all foals together was recorded. In both groups, individual concentrate intake, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and several growth parameters were documented. Both groups showed an absolutely parallel development of the measured growth parameters and ofBWandBCS.BWandBCSincreased above the recommendations of GfE and Hois. The amount of concentrates offered was not ingested completely in both groups. The average metabolisable energy (ME) intake from concentrates amounted to 30.3 and 32.1MJ ME/animal/day (group ‘R’) and 38.7 and 38.2MJ ME/animal/day (group ‘A’) for the 7th and 8th month respectively. The mean haylage intake of all foals together equalled 26.2MJ ME/animal/day. The parallel development of all documented growth parameters in both groups leads to the assumption that higher concentrate intake must have caused lower intake of haylage andvice versa, thus resulting in an overall comparable energy intake for each foal, independently of energy source. The calculated average daily energy intake for all foals together amounted to 60.5 and 61.4MJ ME/animal for the 7th and 8th month. The mean crude protein intake in both groups together amounted to 640 and 647 g/animal/day for the 7th and 8th month.
Broad thermal capacity facilitates the primarily pelagic existence of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)
Authors: Dalton Alex J. M. , Rosen David A. S. , Trites Andrew W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThermoregulatory capacity may constrain the distribution of marine mammals despite having anatomical and physiological adaptations to compensate for the thermal challenges of an aquatic lifestyle. We tested whether subadult female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) experience increased thermoregulatory costs in water temperatures potentially encountered during their annual migration in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. Metabolic rates were measured seasonally in 6 captive female northern fur seals (2.75–3.5 yr old) in ambient air and controlled water temperatures of 2°C, 10°C, and 18°C. Rates of oxygen consumption in ambient air (1°C–18°C) were not related to environmental temperature except below 2.5°C (winter only). However, metabolism was significantly higher during the fall seasonal trials (September–October) compared to other times of year, perhaps due to the costs of molting. The fur seals appeared thermally neutral in all seasons for all water temperatures tested (2°C–18°C) except during the summer when metabolic rates were higher in the 2°C water. Comparing this broad thermal neutral zone to the average sea surface temperatures potentially encountered during annual migrations indicates wild fur seals can likely exploit a large geographic area without added thermal metabolic costs.
Politicians and Professionalization in the Pacific Islands: Revisiting Self‐Regulation?
Authors: Corbett Jack 
Published: January 2014

In this article, I examine the nature of political practice in the Pacific Islands against two dominant measures of professionalization: incentive and institutionalist. Drawing from a range of qualitative data—interviews with politicians, published life histories, and observation—from across the region, I find that professionalization is largely unapparent against these measures. However, despite the likelihood that this absence will continue, the professional politician continues to be a standard against which political leadership in the Pacific is assessed, and thus poses a significant problem for would‐be‐reformers. In response to this dilemma, I find that the older idea of self‐regulating professional ethics, usually disregarded by proponents of these newer and more managerial measures, has more to offer than might first appear.Related Articles:
Kane, John, Hui‐Chieh Loy, and Haig Patapan. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 381‐394. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00240.x/abstract

Kinyondo, Abel, and Riccardo Pelizzo. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 420‐446. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12020/abstract

Pelizzo, Riccardo. 2010. “.” Politics & Policy 38 (): 117‐137. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00231.x/abstract
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