bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Η εξέλιξη της γονιμότητας σε εθνικό και περιφερειακό επίπεδο, 1965-1991
Authors: Βελέντζας Κώστας , Χατζηπροκοπίου Μιχάλης 
Published: October 2015

<p>Ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά δημογραφικά προβλήματα, που εμφανίζεται τα τελευταία χρόνια στη χώρα μας, αποτελεί η απότομη μείωση της αναπαραγωγικής ικανότητας του πληθυσμού. Ο αριθμός των παιδιών, που αντιστοιχεί κατά μέσον όρο στην κάθε γυναίκα γόνιμης ηλικίας<br />σήμερα στην Ελλάδα, είναι μικρότερος από το ελάχιστο όριο, το οποίο απαιτείται για την αντικατάσταση του πληθυσμού. Σύμφωνα με την παρούσα εμπειρική ανάλυση, το φαινόμενο της μείωσης των δεικτών γονιμότητας αποκτά ιδιαίτερη σημασία κατά τη διάρκεια της περιόδου 1980-1988 και οφείλεται στη μεταβολή της αναπαραγωγικής συμπεριφοράς των πιο νεαρών μητέρων. Το ίδιο πρότυπο εξελίξεων παρατηρείται σε όλες τις περιοχές της χώρας. Επιπρόσθετα και αναφορικά με την αναπαραγωγική συμπεριφορά των μητέρων, δεν παρατηρούνται στατιστικά<br />σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ αστικών και αγροτικών περιοχών. Τέλος, επίσημαίνεται ότι η διαφορά των δεικτών γονιμότητας των Αθηνών, της Θεσσαλίας, της Θράκης, των Νησιών του Αιγαίου και της Κρήτης από το μέσο όρο της χώρας είναι στατιστικά σημαντική.</p>
Εξατομίκευση και τηλεοπτική επικοινωνία στην ύστερη νεωτερικότητα
Authors: Πλειός Γιώργος 
Published: October 2015

<p>Η εξατομίκευση είναι το πιο σημαντικό φαινόμενο στις σχέσεις ατόμου και κοινωνίας στην ύστερη νεωτερικότητα. Στην τηλεοπτική επικοινωνία εκδηλώνεται με έντονο τρόπο, νέες μορφές και μέσα επικοινωνίας. Ταυτόχρονα, η τηλεοπτική επικοινωνία είναι ένας από τους ισχυρότερους παράγοντες διεύρυνσης της εξατομίκευσης σε άλλες μορφές κοινωνικής δράσης. Η αναστοχαστική κοινωνιολογία (reflexive sociology) ερμηνεύει το φαινόμενο ως ουσιώδες γνώρισμα της αυτενεργού συγκρότησης του εαυτού στην ύστερη νεωτερικότητα. Νέοι, όμως, περιορισμοί της ανθρώπινης συμπεριφοράς αναδύονται την περίοδο αυτή, που προέρχονται από την κεντρική θέση του εμπορεύματος-συμβόλου, της συμβολικής αξίας και του πολιτισμού της εικόνας στην κοινωνική οργάνωση. Ή είναι η διαδικασία διαμόρφωσης μιας νέου τύπου ατομικότητας που χαρακτηρίζει την ύστερη νεωτερικότητα. Το άτομο αποκτά αισθητική αντίληψη για την ηθική, είναι ενεργό αλλά κυρίως στις καταναλωτικές του δραστηριότητες, παροντοποιεί το παρελθόν, ενδιαφέρεται πρώτιστα για την καθημερινότητα, προσεγγίζει την εξουσία και τις συλλογικότητες με όρους παιχνιδιού. Ο εαυτός χάνει τη συνεκτική του ενότητα και το άτομο χάνει την ικανότητα να θέτει τον εαυτό του στη θέση των άλλων.</p>
Άτυπη απασχόληση και ο ρόλος του κράτους στην ελληνική αγορά εργασίας
Authors: Καραμεσίνη Μαρία 
Published: October 2015

<p>Το εργασιακό πρότυπο στη μεταπολεμική Ελλάδα διέφερε σημαντικά από αυτό<br />της πλήρους, σταθερής και ρυθμισμένης μισθωτής απασχόλησης, που ίσχυε στις οικονομικά αναπτυγμένες χώρες την ίδια περίοδο και αποτέλεσε το πρότυπο αναφοράς για τον ορισμό της τυπικής απασχόλησης. Η διαδικασία σύγκλισης με το φορντιστικό πρότυπο μισθωτής απασχόλησης που έλαβε χώρα στην Ελλάδα μετά την πτώση της δικτατορίας δεν περιόρισε τις παραδοσιακές άτυπες μορφές απασχόλησης (αυτοαπασχόληση, απλήρωτη εργασία στην οικογενειακή επιχείρηση, εποχιακή απασχόληση, ανασφάλιστη εργασία). Αντίθετα, δίπλα στις τελευταίες, προσέθεσε νέες, που εμφανίσθηκαν ως αντίδραση στην παραπάνω διαδικασία. Το κράτος συνέβαλε στην εξάπλωση της άτυπης απασχόλησης περισσότερο με την ανοχή του στις παραβιάσεις της εργατικής και κοινωνικής νομοθεσίας παρά μέσω άμεσης παρέμβασης.</p>
Ύστερα ζητήματα αξιακής θεμελιώσεως και πολιτικής εκπροσωπήσεως της νεωτερικότητας
Authors: Τσίρος Νικόλαος 
Published: October 2015

<p>Το παρόν άρθρο έχει ως αντικείμενο πραγματεύσεώς του την πρόσφατη μελέτη του Δημήτρη Χαραλάμπη με τίτλο «Δημοκρατία και Παγκοσμιοποίηση. Η έννοια του ανθρώπου στη Νεωτερικότητα: Πραγματική αφαίρεση και ορθός<br />λόγος». Η θεμελιακή απόπειρα του συγγραφέα της να υπερασπισθεί διαμέσου<br />μιας πληθώρας σημαντικών επιχειρημάτων και διαμέσου μιας συστηματικής<br />αντιπαραθέσεως με τους ταγούς της Αντινεωτερικότητας το χειραφετητικό<br />σθένος του ουμανιστικού Διαφωτισμού συνεισφέρει αρκούντως και πολυεπίπεδα στην επιστημολογία της οικείας συζητήσεως. Εκτός των άλλων, συνιστά την κανονιστική αφετηρία για έναν περαιτέρω γόνιμο διάλογο. Στο πλαίσιο του διαλόγου τούτου επιχειρώ να διαυγάσω τρεις κρίσιμες συνιστώσες που οικειοποιούνται μέγα τμήμα της πολιτικής εκπροσωπήσεως της Νεωτερικότητας: είναι σχέση του μεταμοντερνισμού με την έννοια της «παγκοσμιοποίησης», η κυκλικότητα του ιστορικού γίγνεσθαι εν αφορά προς τις παλινωδίες που ενίοτε δοκιμάζουν το εγχείρημα της Νεωτερικότητας και, τέλος, η ανάγκη εμβαθύνσεως της έμμεσης Δημοκρατίας σε συμβολικό-φαντασιακό επίπεδο.</p>
Diversidade e gênero no contexto organizacional: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Ferreira João Batista , Sadoyama Adriana Santos Prado , Correia Aline Ferreira Campos , Gomes Pietro Aguiar T. de P. 
Published: October 2015

Resumo: Este artigo explora o acervo dos periódicos da Associação Nacional de Pós Graduação em Administração (ANPAD), especificamente no evento Encontro Nacional de Estudos Organizações (EnEO), relacionados com o tema gênero e diversidade, por meio do uso de técnicas bibliométricas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo fundamental aprofundar-se nas temáticas: gênero e diversidade, através de análises das principais características das publicações sobre este tema. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa descritiva, quanto a abordagem quantitativa e quanto aos procedimentos revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados encontrados demostraram a diversidade de estudos recentes que tratam dos temas em questão. Percebe-se que os estudos relacionados às pessoas nas organizações, como diversidade, gênero, entre outros, em comparação com as práticas organizacionais, demonstram que os estudos ainda não passam de ilusão e sentimentalismo, sendo que a realidade organizacional é bem diferente, a visão capitalista prevalece. Ainda bem que esta realidade empresarial lentamente está mudando, compreendendo que a diversidade na organização é algo que contribui para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das mesmas. Através desta diferenciação, com visões e entendimentos diferenciados, as organizações podem conseguir atingir melhor seus objetivos organizacionais na ótica de produção, do que em um ambiente homogêneo. E independente de conseguirem vantagens competitivas, compreender a diversidade organizacional é algo primordial, pois as empresas vivem em um ambiente de diversidades. Palavras-Chave: Sexualidade; Raça; Discriminação.
Quantification of hemoglobin A1c by off-line HPLC separation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a modification of the IFCC reference measurement procedure
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Zhang Chuanbao , Chen Wenxiang , Zhao Haijian , Zhang Jiangtao , Zhou Weiyan , Zeng Jie , Wang Jing , Wang Donghuan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe quality of hemoglobin AThe samples were prepared and enzymatically cleaved according to the IFCC HbAThe total analysis time which includes the off-line HPLC separation and the LC/MS/MS analysis was reduced by at least 65% compared to the existing IFCC method. The transitions ofThis method is an efficient and reliable procedure for the determination of HbA
A multicenter comparison of whole blood vitamin B6 assays
Authors: van Zelst Bertrand D. , de Beer Roseri J.A.C. Roelofsen , Neele Marjolein , Kos Snježana , Kema Ido P. , Tegelaers Frans P.W. , Cobbaert Christa M. , Weykamp Cas W. , de Jonge Robert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare different analytical methods that are currently in use in the Netherlands for the measurement of whole blood vitamin B6.This method comparison study consisted of two separate parts. (1) Four laboratories participated in a pilot study in which the commercial Chromsystems and INstruchemie method, and a laboratory developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method and HPLC method were compared. Sixty-nine frozen whole blood samples and six lyophilized whole blood samples were used for comparison. (2) In the nationwide part of the study, 49 laboratories participated in the analysis of three identical sets of two whole blood samples of which one set was freshly analyzed, one set was analyzed after storage at −20 °C and one set was analyzed after lyophilization.In both parts of the study, the HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods showed equivalent results for all sample types tested. The Chromsystems method showed a positive bias of 45% (pilot study) and 30% (nationwide study) towards the LC-MS/MS method when fresh or frozen samples were used. The measurement of lyophilized samples showed no differences between the methods. The results of the INstruchemie method were inconclusive due to the low number of participants.The different analytical methods for measuring vitamin B6 produce different results when whole blood patient samples are measured. The recognition of a reference method or the development of suitable reference materials and quality control materials might serve as a first step towards improved standardization or harmonization of the whole blood vitamin B6 assay.
Clinical pharmacy service practice in a Chinese tertiary hospital
Authors: Chen Bing , Huang Jing-Jing , Chen He-feng , Xu Bei-ming 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Clinical pharmacy service is focused on the rationality and safety of medication therapy. Clinical pharmacists play an important role in designing therapeutic regimen, preventing medication errors, reducing the incidence of adverse drug reaction, and saving medical costs. Although clinical pharmacy service in China is in its early stage, its development is rapid. In this manuscript, the working model of clinical pharmacists in a Chinese tertiary hospital is introduced, including ward rounds, consultation, stewardship of antimicrobial therapy, drug adverse reaction monitoring, therapeutic drug monitoring, clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics, and training system. With the efforts of clinical pharmacists, there will be a significant increase in the optimization of medication therapy and a notable reduction in preventable adverse drug events as well as health-care cost in China.
Pro-nerve growth factor in the ovary and human granulosa cells
Authors: Meinel Sabine , Blohberger Jan , Berg Dieter , Berg Ulrike , Dissen Gregory A. , Ojeda Sergio R. , Mayerhofer Artur 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: Pro-nerve growth factor must be cleaved to generate mature NGF, which was suggested to be a factor involved in ovarian physiology and pathology. Extracellular proNGF can induce cell death in many tissues. Whether extracellular proNGF exists in the ovary and may play a role in the death of follicular cells or atresia was unknown.

Materials and methods: Immunohistochemistry of human and rhesus monkey ovarian sections was performed. IVF-derived follicular fluid and human granulosa cells were studied by RT-PCR, qPCR, Western blotting, ATP- and caspase-assays.

Results and conclusion: Immunohistochemistry of ovarian sections identified proNGF in granulosa cells and Western blotting of human isolated granulosa cells confirmed the presence of proNGF. Ovarian granulosa cells thus produce proNGF. Recombinant human proNGF even at high concentrations did not affect the levels of ATP or the activity of caspase 3/7, indicating that in granulosa cells proNGF does not induce death. In contrast, mature NGF, which was detected previously in follicular fluid, may be a trophic molecule for granulosa cells with unexpected functions. We found that in contrast to proNGF, NGF increased the levels of the transcription factor early growth response 1 and of the enzyme choline acetyl-transferase. A mechanism for the generation of mature NGF from proNGF in the follicular fluid may be extracellular enzymatic cleavage. The enzyme MMP7 is known to cleave proNGF and was identified in follicular fluid and as a product of granulosa cells. Thus the generation of NGF in the ovarian follicle may depend on MMP7.
Language attrition, language contact and the concept of relic variety: the case of Barossa German
Authors: Riehl Claudia Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article theorizes on the relation between individual and societal language loss. In this context, the notion of relic variety will be introduced, describing a setting where a language is spoken by a very small number of speakers who live isolated from the main speech community and have not acquired literacy in their L1. The article focuses on attrition phenomena in a specific relic variety, i.e. Barossa German, a German-speaking enclave in South Australia. It analyses phenomena caused by lack of usage (hesitation phenomena, code-switching, semantic restructuring) as well as reduction processes, namely of the German case system. The results of the analysis demonstrate that in contrast to canonical attrition settings, in a relic variety morphological markers are only retained in constructions that had been either entrenched early in the acquisition processes or are very frequently used. It will be argued that the main factors influencing the reduction process are the variety of input, a decrease of normativity and the absence of a written variety.
Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of roots of Premna esculenta (Roxb)
Authors: Al Mahmud Zobaer , Emran Talha Bin , Qais Nazmul , Bachar Sitesh C. , Sarker Mithun , Nasir Uddin Mir Muhammad 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of root extracts of Premna esculenta (family: Verbenaceae).

Methods: The analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic-acid-induced writhing test in mice and radiant heat tail-flick method in rats. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by carrageenan-induced rat’s paw edema, while the thrombolytic activity was evaluated by in vitro clot lysis model. The hepatoprotective activity was investigated against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats.

Results: In acetic-acid-induced writhing test, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the number of writhes with 85.96% and 61.98% of inhibition, respectively. In radiant heat tail-flick method, the ethanolic extract produced 88.49% (p<0.001) elongation of tail-flicking time at 90 min after oral administration at same dose level. In the carrageenan-induced edema test, the ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed a significant inhibition of paw edema with 22.68% and 17.24% inhibition after the first and third hours of the study period, respectively. In clot lysis model, the ethanolic extract at 5 mg/mL induced a significant clot lysis activity (37.69%, p<0.001). Oral administration of ethanolic extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 7 days significantly (p<0.001) reduced the elevated levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamyl oxaloacetate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase compared to the CCl4-treated control group.

Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrated the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and hepatoprotective activities of roots of P. esculenta.
Range extension of Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) in Poland (the Baltic Sea basin) and its ability to osmoregulate in different environmental salinities
Authors: Dobrzycka-Krahel Aldona , Melzer Magdalena , Majkowski Wojciech 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper reports the range extension of the Ponto- Caspian gammarid Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and the first occurrence of this species in new areas of the Polish part of the Baltic Sea basin: the Śmiała Vistula and the Vistula Lagoon.
The studies additionally determine the osmoregulatory ability of the species under laboratory conditions within the salinity range of 2-22 PSU. Determination of the osmoregulation of the species shows that D. villosus is a hyperregulator at given experimental salinities and can function in a wide range of external salinities so it is potentially able to colonize various water bodies. Osmoregulatory capacity, which is an indicator of organism’s efforts to regulate the concentration of its body fluids, shows that for individuals from the Gulf of Gdańsk, 6 PSU is the best tolerated salinity. Osmoregulatory capacity is the lowest at this salinity value.
The range extension and potential osmoregulatory abilities of the species to spread to other waters are discussed in the context of pollution levels given in the literature with reference to the habitat and sensitivity of the species to e.g. fluoride and cadmium toxicity.
The dune coast − the state just prior to the construction of hard engineering protection structures (Ustka-Jarosławiec, the Southern Baltic)
Authors: Sitkiewicz Patryk , Wróblewski Radosław , Rudowski Stanisław 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The state of a fragment of the southern Baltic Sea shore was assessed on the basis of historical maps, aerial images, the digital elevation model and the data on the geological structure of the nearshore bottom. The alternate erosion and accumulation sections of the coast were observed. They are moving toward the east related to the migration of mega beach cusps. The infrastructure of the military training ground located in the western part of the study area is threatened with abrasion. In 1889-2012, the nearby seashore retreated by an average of 257±11.5 m. The recorded average rate of changes for the period of 1989-2012 was -2.6±0.22 m year-1. In the eastern part of the study area, at the bottom of the nearshore, a thick layer of sand determines the development of new accumulation sections of the coast. The state of the seashore, recognized in this paper, will change due to the construction of four concrete sea-walls. Their operation will disrupt the natural processes described in these studies.
Immunomodulatory activity of extracellular Hsp70 mediated via paired receptors Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14
Authors: Fong Jerry J , Sreedhara Karthik , Deng Liwen , Varki Nissi M , Angata Takashi , Liu Qinglian , Nizet Victor , Varki Ajit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe intracellular chaperone heat‐shock protein 70 (Hsp70) can be secreted from cells, but its extracellular role is unclear, as the protein has been reported to both activate and suppress the innate immune response. Potential immunomodulatory receptors on myelomonocytic lineage cells that bind extracellular Hsp70 are not well defined. Siglecs are Ig‐superfamily lectins on mammalian leukocytes that recognize sialic acid‐bearing glycans and thereby modulate immune responses. Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14, expressed on monocytes and neutrophils, share identical ligand‐binding domains but have opposing signaling functions. Based on phylogenetic analyses of these receptors, we predicted that endogenous sialic acid‐independent ligands should exist. An unbiased screen revealed Hsp70 as a ligand for Siglec‐5 and Siglec‐14. Hsp70 stimulation through Siglec‐5 delivers an anti‐inflammatory signal, while stimulation through Siglec‐14 is pro‐inflammatory. The functional consequences of this interaction are also addressed in relation to a SIGLEC14 polymorphism found in humans. Our results demonstrate that an endogenous non‐sialic acid‐bearing molecule can be either a danger‐associated or self‐associated signal through paired Siglecs, and may explain seemingly contradictory prior reports on extracellular Hsp70 action.
Improving Quality and Efficiency for Intussusception Management After Successful Enema Reduction
Authors: Raval Mehul V. , Minneci Peter C. , Deans Katherine J. , Kurtovic Kelli J. , Dietrich Ann , Bates D. Gregory , Rangel Shawn J. , Moss R. Lawrence , Kenney Brian D. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this project was to implement a protocol facilitating discharge from the emergency department (ED) after successful radiologic ileocolic intussusception reduction in a pediatric referral center.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team identified drivers for successful quality improvement including educational brochures, a standardized radiologic report, an observation period in the ER with oral hydration challenges, and follow-up phone calls the day after discharge. Patient outcomes were tracked, and quarterly feedback was provided.

RESULTS:
Of 80 patients identified over a 24-month period, 34 (42.5%) did not qualify for discharge home due to need for surgical intervention (n = 9), specific radiologic findings (n = 11), need for additional intravenous hydration (n = 4), or other reasons (n = 7). Of 46 patients who qualified for discharge, 30 (65.2%) were successfully sent home from the ED. One patient returned with recurrent symptoms that required repeat enema reduction. Sixteen patients were observed and discharged within 23 hours. Adherence with discharge from the ED improved over time. Discharge from the ED was associated with cost savings and improved net margins at the hospital level for each encounter.

CONCLUSIONS:
A sustainable multidisciplinary quality improvement project to discharge intussusception patients from the ED after air-contrast enema reduction was successfully integrated in a high-volume referral center through education, standardized radiologic reporting, and protocoled follow-up.
Lithium in the Acute Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Findling Robert L. , Robb Adelaide , McNamara Nora K. , Pavuluri Mani N. , Kafantaris Vivian , Scheffer Russell , Frazier Jean A. , Rynn Moira , DelBello Melissa , Kowatch Robert A. , Rowles Brieana M. , Lingler Jacqui , Martz Karen , Anand Ravinder , Clemons Traci E. , Taylor-Zapata Perdita 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
Lithium is a benchmark treatment for bipolar disorder in adults. Definitive studies of lithium in pediatric bipolar I disorder (BP-I) are lacking.

METHODS:
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pediatric participants (ages 7–17 years) with BP-I/manic or mixed episodes compared lithium (n = 53) versus placebo (n = 28) for up to 8 weeks. The a priori primary efficacy measure was change from baseline to the end of study (week 8/ET) in the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, based on last-observation-carried-forward analysis.

RESULTS:
The change in YMRS score was significantly larger in lithium-treated participants (5.51 [95% confidence interval: 0.51 to 10.50]) after adjustment for baseline YMRS score, age group, weight group, gender, and study site (P = .03). Overall Clinical Global Impression–Improvement scores favored lithium (n = 25; 47% very much/much improved) compared with placebo (n = 6; 21% very much/much improved) at week 8/ET (P = .03). A statistically significant increase in thyrotropin concentration was seen with lithium (3.0 ± 3.1 mIU/L) compared with placebo (–0.1 ± 0.9 mIU/L; P &lt; .001). There was no statistically significant between-group difference with respect to weight gain.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lithium was superior to placebo in reducing manic symptoms in pediatric patients treated for BP-I in this clinical trial. Lithium was generally well tolerated in this patient population and was not associated with weight gain, distinguishing it from other agents commonly used to treat youth with bipolar disorder.