bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The newly created Publicly Available Specification (PAS 141) for reusable electrical/electronic products
Authors: Quariguasi-Frota-Neto Joao , Reade Andrew , Dindarian Azadeh , Gibson Andrew 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– In 2011, a governmental initiative driven by the Department for Business Innovation and Skills invited the British Standards Institute (BSI) to write and publish a publicly available specification (PAS) for the reuse of waste electrical and electronic equipment entitled PAS 141. The specification's ambitious goals, chief among them to reduce the amount of e-waste generated in the UK, has prompted debate as to whether they are realistic and the extent to which they can be influenced by the certification. The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive framework that can be used in future research to enhance understanding of the mechanisms by which the introduction of PAS 141 certification could lead to the fulfillment of its goals, that is, successful uptake. The authors believe this framework can serve as a roadmap for those interested in the investigation of this novel certification and its effect on the market for reusable electrical and electronic products.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on interviews with reuse organizations and first hand experience as a participant in the steering group that elaborated the certification being investigated, i.e. PAS 141.

Findings
– It is uncertain whether PAS 141 will fulfill its promises, which are, in the view of the authors, rather ambitious, e.g. reduce e-waste. Furthermore, more research is needed to examine the effect that the introduction of the certification has on the materialization of its goals, and on the complex inter-relationship that exist between the goals and what the authors define as intermediary necessary conditions.

Research limitations/implications
– This is the first attempt the outline the research needs that arise from the introduction of PAS-141, and the authors believe that there are other equally important questions that are yet to be presented and examined.

Practical implications
– This paper proposes 28 hypotheses which will help future work to empirically establish: the possibility of PAS-141 attaining its goals and the main necessary conditions for that to happen. This information is pivotal to determine whether the certification is working and to pinpoint opportunities for improvement.

Social implications
– This works contributes to the understanding of the role of certification on the market of reused products, which employs a large number of people, and in particular, whose coming from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Originality/value
– Although certification in general has been widely investigated in prior research, scant attention has been paid to certification in the context of electronic products. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first paper of its kind, as it is the first to examine certification in that context.
Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities: a review
Authors: Silvertown Jonathan , Araya Yoseph , Gowing David 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Despite the fundamental significance of water to plants and the persisting question of how competing species coexist, this is the first review of hydrological niches. We define hydrological niche segregation (HNS) as: (i) partitioning of space on fine‐scale soil‐moisture gradients, (ii) partitioning of water as a resource and/or (iii) partitioning of recruitment opportunities among years caused by species specializing on particular patterns of temporal variance of water supply (the storage effect).

We propose that there are three types of constraint that lead to the trade‐offs that underlie HNS. (i) An edaphic constraint creates a trade‐off between the supply to roots of O2 on the one hand vs. water and nutrients on the other. (ii) A biophysical constraint governs gas exchange by leaves, leading to a trade‐off between CO2 acquisition vs. water loss. (iii) A structural constraint arising from the physics of water‐conducting tissues leads to a safety vs. efficiency trade‐off.

Significant HNS was found in 43 of 48 field studies across vegetation types ranging from arid to wet, though its role in coexistence remains to be proven in most cases. Temporal partitioning promotes coexistence through the storage effect in arid plant communities, but has yet to be shown elsewhere. In only a few cases is it possible to unequivocally link HNS to a particular trade‐off.

Synthesis. The field and experimental evidence make it clear that HNS is widespread, though it is less clear what its precise mechanisms or consequences are. HNS mechanisms should be revealed by further study of the constraints and trade‐offs that govern how plants obtain and use water, and HNS can be mechanistically linked to its consequences with appropriate community models. In a changing climate, such an integrated programme would pay dividends for global change research.
A phasin with extra talents: a polyhydroxyalkanoate granule‐associated protein has chaperone activity
Authors: Mezzina Mariela P. , Wetzler Diana E. , de Almeida Alejandra , Dinjaski Nina , Prieto M. Auxiliadora , Pettinari Maria Julia 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPhasins are proteins associated to intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate granules that affect polymer accumulation and the number and size of the granules. Previous work demonstrated that a phasin from Azotobacter sp FA‐8 (PhaPAz) had an unexpected growth‐promoting and stress‐protecting effect in Escherichia coli, suggesting it could have chaperone‐like activities. In this work, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in order to investigate this possibility. PhaPAz was shown to prevent in vitro thermal aggregation of the model protein citrate synthase and to facilitate the refolding process of this enzyme after chemical denaturation. Microscopy techniques were used to analyse the subcellular localization of PhaPAz in E. coli strains and to study the role of PhaPAz in in vivo protein folding and aggregation. PhaPAz was shown to colocalize with inclusion bodies of PD, a protein that aggregates when overexpressed. A reduction in the number of inclusion bodies of PD was observed when it was coexpressed with PhaPAz or with the known chaperone GroELS. These results demonstrate that PhaPAz has chaperone‐like functions both in vitro and in vivo in E. coli recombinants, and suggests that phasins could have a general protective role in natural polyhydroxyalkanoate producers.
Does Information about Sugar Source Influence Consumer Liking of Products Made with Beet and Cane Sugars?
Authors: Urbanus Brittany L. , Schmidt Shelly J. , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBeet sugar contains an off‐aroma, which was hypothesized to generate expectations on the acceptability of a product made with beet sugar. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of information about the sugar source (beet vs. cane) on the overall liking of an orange‐flavored beverage. One hundred panelists evaluated an orange‐flavored powdered beverage mix and beverage made with beet and cane sugars using a 5‐phase testing protocol involving a tetrad test and hedonic ratings performed under blind and informed conditions. Tetrad test results indicated that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the beverage mix made with beet sugar and cane sugar; however, no difference was found between the beverage made with beet sugar and cane sugar. Hedonic ratings revealed the significance of information conditions on the panelists evaluation of sugar (F = 24.67, P < 0.001); however, no difference in the liking was identified for the beverage mix or beverage. Average hedonic scores were higher under informed condition compared to blind condition for all products, possibly because labels tend to reduce uncertainty about a product. Results from this study are representative of the responses from the general population and suggest that they are not affected by sugar source information in a beverage product. Based on concerns with the use of beet sugar expressed in the popular press, there may be a subgroup of the population that has a preconceived bias about sugar sources due to their prior experiences and knowledge and, thus, would be influenced by labels indicating the sugar source used in a product.
Evaluation of Texture Differences among Varieties of Cooked Quinoa
Authors: Wu Geyang , Morris Craig F. , Murphy Kevin M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTexture differences of cooked quinoa were studied among 13 different varieties. Correlations between the texture parameters and seed composition, seed characteristics, cooking quality, flour pasting properties, and flour thermal properties were determined. The results showed that texture of cooked quinoa was significantly differed among varieties. ‘Black,’ ‘Cahuil,’ and ‘Red Commercial’ yielded harder texture, while ‘49ALC,’ ‘1ESP,’ and ‘Col.#6197’ showed softer texture. ‘49ALC,’ ‘1ESP,’ ‘Col.#6197,’ and ‘QQ63’ were more adhesive, while other varieties were not sticky. The texture profile correlated to physical‑‐chemical properties in different ways. Protein content was positively correlated with all the texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters. Seed hardness was positively correlated with TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness at P ≤ 0.09. Seed density was negatively correlated with TPA hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness, whereas seed coat proportion was positively correlated with these TPA parameters. Increased cooking time of quinoa was correlated with increased hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The water uptake ratio was inversely related to TPA hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Rapid Visco Analyzer peak viscosity was negatively correlated with the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.07); breakdown was also negatively correlated with those TPA parameters (P < 0.09); final viscosity and setback were negatively correlated with the hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness (P < 0.05); setback was correlated with the adhesiveness as well (r = −0.63, P = 0.02). Onset gelatinization temperature (To) was significantly positively correlated with all the texture profile parameters, and peak temperature (Tp) was moderately correlated with cohesiveness, whereas neither conclusion temperature (Tc) nor enthalpy correlated with the texture of cooked quinoa.
Repeat Neuroimaging of Mild Traumatic Brain‐injured Patients With Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: Clinical Outcomes and Radiographic Features
Authors: Kreitzer Natalie , Lyons Michael S. , Hart Kim , Lindsell Cristopher J. , Chung Sora , Yick Andrew , Bonomo Jordan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) management of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with any form of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is variable. Since 2000, our center's standard practice has been to obtain a repeat head computed tomography (CT) at least 6 hours after initial imaging. Patients are eligible for discharge if clinical and CT findings are stable. Whether this practice is safe is unknown. This study characterized clinical outcomes in mild TBI patients with acute traumatic ICH seen on initial ED neuroimaging.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients presenting to the ED with blunt mild TBI with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 14 or 15 and stable vital signs, during the period from January 2001 to January 2010. Patients with any ICH on initial head CT and repeat head CT within 24 hours were eligible. Cases were excluded for initial GCS < 14, injury > 24 hours old, pregnancy, concomitant nonminor injuries, and coagulopathy. A single investigator abstracted data from records using a standardized case report form and data dictionary. Primary endpoints included death, neurosurgical procedures, and for discharged patients, return to the ED within 7 days. Differences in proportions were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf 1,011 patients who presented to the ED and had two head CTs within 24 hours, 323 (32%) met inclusion criteria. The median time between CT scans was 6 hours (interquartile range = 5 to 7 hours). A total of 153 (47%) patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 132 (41%) patients had subdural hemorrhage, 11 (3%) patients had epidural hemorrhage, 78 (24%) patients had cerebral contusions, and 59 (18%) patients had intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Four of 323 (1.2%, 95% CI = 0.3% to 3.2%) patients died within 2 weeks of injury. Three of the patients who died had been admitted from the ED on their initial visits, and one had been discharged home. There were 206 patients (64%) discharged from the ED, 28 (13.6%) of whom returned to the ED within 1 week. Of the 92 who were hospitalized, three (0.9%, 95% CI = 0.2% to 2.7%) required neurosurgical intervention.ConclusionDischarge after a repeat head CT and brief period of observation in the ED allowed early discharge of a cohort of mild TBI patients with traumatic ICH without delayed adverse outcomes. Whether this justifies the cost and radiation exposure involved with this pattern of practice requires further study.
Increases in Emergency Department Occupancy Are Associated With Adverse 30‐day Outcomes
Authors: McCusker Jane , Vadeboncoeur Alain , Lévesque Jean‐Frédéric , Ciampi Antonio , Belzile Eric 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe associations between emergency department (ED) crowding and patient outcomes have not been investigated comprehensively in different types of ED. The study objective was to examine the associations of changes over time in ED occupancy with patient outcomes in a sample of EDs that vary by size and location. A secondary objective was to explore whether the relationship between ED occupancy and patient outcomes differed by ED characteristics (size/type and medical and nursing staffing ratios).MethodsUsing linked administrative databases, the authors constructed a cohort of 677,475 patients who visited one of 42 hospital EDs with complete data for 2005 on ED bed and waiting room occupancy. Crowding was measured with the relative occupancy ratio separately for ED bed and waiting room patients, defined as the ratio of ED occupancy on the day of the index ED visit to the average annual occupancy at that same ED. Multivariable logistic regression (adjusting for patient and ED characteristics) was used to analyze 30‐day outcomes: mortality, return ED visits, and hospital admission at the first return ED visit.ResultsAfter adjustment for ED and patient characteristics, a 10% increase in ED bed relative occupancy ratio was associated with 3% increases in death and hospital admission at a return visit. A 10% increase in ED waiting room crowding was associated with a small decrease in return visits. There was a stronger association between bed crowding and mortality among larger EDs.ConclusionsIn Quebec EDs, increases in bed occupancy are associated with an increase in the rates of 30‐day adverse outcomes, even after adjustment for patient and ED characteristics. The results raise important concerns about the quality of care during periods of ED crowding.
Practical and Ethical Considerations for Using Social Media in Community Consultation and Public Disclosure Activities
Authors: Galbraith Kyle L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSocial media are becoming increasingly integrated into both the clinical and the research dimensions of emergency medicine. They can provide methods for sharing crucial information to targeted individuals or groups in a rapid fashion. As a result, investigators conducting emergency research under the exception from prospective informed consent requirements are beginning to turn to social media platforms as they engage in required community consultation and public disclosure activities before their research begins. At present, there are limited data regarding how effectively social media have been used for performing those consultation and disclosure activities. This article offers investigators four specific areas to consider before using social media in consultation and outreach efforts. First, understand the forms of outreach social media platforms can provide. Second, recognize how those outreach methods relate to the specific goals of community consultation and public disclosure. Third, consider whether or not the intended audiences of community consultation and public disclosure will be available via social media. Finally, think about how social media outreach efforts will be measured and assessed before consultation and disclosure activities are under way.
Heavy metal (monoclonal) bands: A link between cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and contact allergy to potassium dichromate, nickel and cobalt?
Authors: Tilakaratne Dev , Sidhu Shireen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt has been proposed that chronic antigenic stimulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). By definition, antigenic stimulation triggers allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). It is therefore plausible that chronic ACD could serve as a precursor to CTCL. We report two cases of contact allergy to potassium dichromate, nickel and cobalt, where CTCL was diagnosed in one patient, and a diagnosis of CTCL is imminent in the other. We also review the literature on the diagnostic criteria for CTCL in the setting of ACD and explore potential mechanisms for the progression from ACD tos CTCL.
Allergic contact dermatitis to para‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Jenkins David , Chow Elizabeth T 
Published: October 2014

AbstractExposure to hair dye is the most frequent route of sensitisation to para‐phenylenediamine (PPD), a common contact allergen. International studies have examined the profile of PPD, but Australian‐sourced information is lacking. Patients are often dissatisfied with advice to stop dyeing their hair. This study examines patients' characteristics, patch test results and outcomes of PPD allergy from a single Australian centre, through a retrospective analysis of patch test data from 2006 to 2013 at the Liverpool Hospital Dermatology Department. It reviews the science of hair dye allergy, examines alternative hair dyes and investigates strategies for hair dyeing. Of 584 patients, 11 were allergic to PPD. Our PPD allergy prevalence rate of 2% is at the lower end of international reported rates. About half these patients also react to para‐toluenediamine (PTD). Affected patients experience a significant lifestyle disturbance. In all, 78% tried alternative hair dyes after the patch test diagnosis and more than half continued to dye their hair. Alternative non‐PPD hair dyes are available but the marketplace can be confusing. Although some patients are able to tolerate alternative hair dyes, caution is needed as the risk of developing an allergy to other hair dye ingredients, especially PTD, is high.
Increasing testicular temperature by exposure to elevated ambient temperatures restores spermatogenesis in adult Utp14bjsd mutant (jsd) mice
Authors: Comish P. B. , Liang L. Y. , Yamauchi Y. , Weng C. C. , Shetty G. , Naff K. A. , Ward M. A. , Meistrich M. L. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBecause mutations in the human UTP14C gene are associated with male infertility, we sought to develop a method for fertility restoration in azoospermic mice with a mutation in the orthologous Utp14bjsd (jsd) gene that have spermatogonial arrest. The method is based on our observation that elevation of testicular temperatures restores spermatogonial differentiation in jsd mutant mice. To non‐surgically raise intrascrotal temperatures we placed these mice in incubators at different elevated ambient temperatures. Exposure of jsd/jsd mice to ambient temperatures of 34.5 °C or 35.5 °C for 24 days increased the proportion of tubules with spermatocytes from 0% in untreated controls to over 80%. As those higher temperatures interfere with spermatid differentiation, the mice were then transferred to incubators at 32–32.5 °C for the next 24 days. These environments allowed differentiation to progress, resulting in up to 42% of tubules having late spermatids and about half of the mutant mice having spermatozoa in testicular suspensions. When these spermatozoa were used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection, all gave rise to viable healthy offspring with normal weight gain and fertility. The successful restoration of fertility in Utp14b mutant mice suggests that transient testicular warming might also be useful for spermatogenesis recovery in infertile men with UTP14C gene mutations.
Targeted sequencing using a 47 gene multiple myeloma mutation panel (M3P) in ‐17p high risk disease
Authors: Kortüm Klaus M. , Langer Christian , Monge Jorge , Bruins Laura , Egan Jan B. , Zhu Yuan X. , Shi Chang Xin , Jedlowski Patrick , Schmidt Jessica , Ojha Juhi , Bullinger Lars , Liebisch Peter , Kull Miriam , Champion Mia D. , Van Wier Scott , Ahmann Gregory , Rasche Leo , Knop Stefan , Fonseca Rafael , Einsele Hermann , Stewart A Keith , Braggio Esteban 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWe constructed a multiple myeloma (MM)‐specific gene panel for targeted sequencing and investigated 72 untreated high‐risk (del17p) MM patients. Mutations were identified in 78% of the patients. While the majority of studied genes were mutated at similar frequency to published literature, the prevalence of TP53 mutation was increased (28%) and no mutations were found in FAM46C. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the mutational landscape of del17p high‐risk MM. Additionally, our work demonstrates the practical use of a customized sequencing panel, as an easy, cheap and fast approach to characterize the mutational profile of MM.
A new biomarker quantifies differences in clot microstructure in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Lawrence Matthew J. , Sabra Ahmed , Mills Gavin , Pillai Suresh G. , Abdullah Wendy , Hawkins Karl , Morris Roger H. K. , Davidson Simon J. , D'Silva Lindsay A. , Curtis Daniel J. , Brown Martin R. , Weisel John W. , Williams Phylip R. , Evans Phillip A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study compared patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) to non‐VTE patients using a biomarker of clot microstructure (df) and clot formation time (TGP). df was the only marker that identified a significant difference (P < 0·001) between the VTE (n = 60) and non‐VTE cohorts (n = 69). The ‘abnormal’ clot microstructures in the VTE patients suggests either inadequate response to anticoagulant therapy or the presence of a procoagulant state not detected by other markers of coagulation (i.e., International Normalized Ratio). Furthermore, elevated values of df in first time VTE patients who later develop a secondary event indicates that df may identify those at risk of recurrence.