bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited mutations in the helicase RTEL1 cause telomere dysfunction and Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome
Authors: Deng Zhong , Glousker Galina , Molczan Aliah , Fox Alan J. , Lamm Noa , Dheekollu Jayaraju , Weizman Orr-El , Schertzer Michael , Wang Zhuo , Vladimirova Olga , Schug Jonathan , Aker Memet , Londoño-Vallejo Arturo , Kaestner Klaus H. , Lieberman Paul M. , Tzfati Yehuda 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Telomeres protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres shorten with age and serve as a biological clock that limits cell proliferation. Excessive telomere shortening accelerates aging, but telomere elongation may facilitate cancer. We found inherited mutations in the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1), which cause Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson syndrome, a fatal disease characterized by accelerated telomere shortening, immunodeficiency, and developmental defects. Introducing a normal RTEL1 gene into affected cells prevented telomere shortening and extended their lifespan in culture. The telomere defects, genomic instability, and growth arrest observed in RTEL1-deficient cells help in our understanding the central roles of telomeres in aging and cancer.
Establishing a hematopoietic genetic network through locus-specific integration of chromatin regulators
Authors: DeVilbiss Andrew W. , Boyer Meghan E. , Bresnick Emery H. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Broadly expressed enzymes commonly change chromatin structure and function. How ubiquitous chromatin regulators establish specialized patterns of gene activity is not understood. We identified an important link between a histone methyltransferase and a transcription factor (GATA-1) that controls red blood cell development. We found that distinct combinations of this enzyme and additional chromatin regulators are required for GATA-1 to control transcription at different genetic loci. The resulting regulatory “matrix” provides a conceptual framework for understanding how cell-restricted factors use broadly expressed chromatin regulators to confer specialized gene-expression patterns that control important biological processes.
Role of the ectonucleotidase NTPDase2 in taste bud function
Authors: Vandenbeuch Aurelie , Anderson Catherine B. , Parnes Jason , Enjyoji Keiichi , Robson Simon C. , Finger Thomas E. , Kinnamon Sue C. 
Published: August 2013

Significance
ATP, a ubiquitous source of energy for all cells, also serves as an important messenger for intercellular communication. This role as a signal molecule is especially crucial for taste buds, which release ATP to trigger purinergic receptors on the taste nerves. Normally, the released ATP is degraded by a specific enzyme, nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-2 (NTPDase2). We find that genetic elimination of NTPDase2 results in accumulation of ATP in extracellular space, thereby desensitizing the receptors on nerve fibers. The result is a loss of transmission of taste information from taste buds to the taste nerves. Disruption of taste function may be an unintended consequence of pharmaceutical agents now being developed to target purinergic receptors and enzymes as treatments for chronic pain and other illnesses.
A nanoparticle formulation that selectively transfects metastatic tumors in mice
Authors: Yang Jian , Hendricks William , Liu Guosheng , McCaffery J. Michael , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Huso David L. , Vogelstein Bert , Zhou Shibin 
Published: August 2013

Significance
To be effective, gene therapy vehicles must be able to deliver their therapeutic payloads to widely dispersed tumor lesions after systemic administration. We describe novel nanoparticles that provided a >16,000-fold increase in the ratio of tumor to nontumor cell delivery over conventional formulations. However, only a small fraction of neoplastic cells expressed the transgene, and the extent of delivery varied with the tumor cell line, tumor site, and host mouse strain used. Although our nanoparticles represent a technical advance, they also illustrate the challenges that remain before nonviral gene therapy can be applied to cancer patients.
Reproduction of the Blacktip Shark in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Baremore Ivy E. , Passerotti Michelle S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Reproductive and age data were collected for Blacktip Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus in the Gulf of Mexico from fishery-dependent and -independent sources from 2006 to 2011 for stock assessment. A total of 757 Blacktip Sharks were sampled for reproductive analysis (399 females, 358 males), of which 741 were aged. Additional length and age data from a previous age and growth study on Blacktip Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico (207 females, 161 males) were incorporated into the size- and age-at-maturity analyses. The results indicated that Blacktip Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico have a synchronous, seasonal reproductive cycle and that females exhibit a biennial ovarian cycle. Male and female mating and parturition peaked from March to May. Length at 50% maturity was estimated to be 105.8 and 119.2 cm FL for males and females, respectively, while age at 50% maturity was calculated as 4.8 and 6.3 years. Near-term pups averaged 38 cm FL, and gestation was approximately 12 months. Litter size was 4.5 pups per female, and fecundity was found to increase with both maternal size and age. Maternal body size—but not age—had a positive influence on offspring fitness. This represents the first comprehensive reproductive study of Blacktip Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico.
Received October 1, 2012; accepted December 5, 2012
Variability in the Reproductive Biology of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hoffmayer Eric R. , Driggers William B. , Jones Lisa M. , Hendon Jill M. , Sulikowski James A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The reproductive biology of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark Rhizoprionodon terraenovae in the Gulf of Mexico was investigated by examining 1,306 specimens (693 females, 613 males) collected from the Florida Keys to waters off Brownsville, Texas. The results of this study confirm the annual reproductive cycle established for this species; however, there was a significant amount of variability within the cycle. Ovulatory and postovulatory females were present from March to October, indicating that mating and ovulation were occurring over a more protracted period than previously described (e.g., May to July). The occurrence of postpartum females from April to September, the varying sizes of the embryos across several months, and the occurrence of mature spermatozoa in the testes of adults from March to November also corroborate the evidence of reproductive plasticity in this species. This observed variability in the reproductive cycle indicates that the Gulf of Mexico Atlantic Sharpnose Shark population is not completely synchronous in regards to mating, ovulation, and parturition, as a portion of the population is demonstrating reproductive asynchrony. Although the cause of this asynchrony remains unclear, it may be related to the environmental conditions of the Gulf of Mexico, which could provide water temperatures that are optimal for the reproduction of this species through much of the year (i.e., March to October), resulting in a protracted reproductive cycle. Given the results of the current study, the reproductive cycles of other carcharhinid species in this region should be examined in more detail to determine whether there is asynchrony in them as well, as this phenomenon could impact future management strategies.
Received October 26, 2012; accepted March 5, 2013
RDAVIDWebService: a versatile R interface to DAVID
Authors: Fresno Cristóbal , Fernández Elmer A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Summary: The RDAVIDWebService package provides a class-based interface from R programs/scripts to fully access/control the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery, without the need for human interaction on its Web site (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov). The library enhances the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery capabilities for Gene Ontology analysis by means of GOstats-based direct acyclic graph conversion methods, in addition to the usual many-genes-to-many-terms visualization.
Availability and implementation: RDAVIDWebService is available as an R package from the Bioconductor project (www.bioconductor.org) and on the authors’ Web site (www.bdmg.com.ar) under GPL-2 license, subjected to the terms of use of DAVID (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/content.jsp?file=WS.html).
Contact: cfresno@bdmg.com.ar or efernandez@bdmg.com.ar
Impact of survey design changes on stock assessment advice: sea scallops
Authors: Smith Stephen J. , Hubley Brad 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Smith, S. J., and Hubley, B. 2014. Impact of survey design changes on stock assessment advice: sea scallops. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 320–327. Annual surveys of marine resources are used to monitor changes in population composition and abundance. Improvements in the performance and coverage of these surveys can readily be evaluated for the surveys themselves but should also be considered in the context of the stock assessment models that use the estimates from these surveys. For those surveys based on a probability design, improvements in the probability design are usually evaluated with respect to the resultant increase in precision of the survey estimates. Survey precision estimates can be included in many stock assessment models as observation error, as long as the process error component of the model is also identified. Advice on catch levels for sea scallop populations (Placopecten magellanicus) around Nova Scotia is developed using a Bayesian state space assessment model in which both observation and process error terms have been defined. Information on survey estimates of precision are included in the observation error component of the assessment model and the impacts of changes in survey precision on the provision of advice can be evaluated in terms of reference points and management advice. The sensitivity of stock assessment advice to changes in the level of precision of survey estimates was evaluated for three scallop fisheries around Nova Scotia. The results indicated that the impact of the changes depended upon the degree of concurrence between the annual changes in biomass as observed from the survey and those predicted by the model.
Time-dependent 3D magnetohydrodynamic pulsar magnetospheres: oblique rotators
Authors: Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Li Jason G. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The current state of the art in pulsar magnetosphere modelling assumes the force-free limit of magnetospheric plasma. This limit retains only partial information about plasma velocity and neglects plasma inertia and temperature. We carried out time-dependent 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of oblique pulsar magnetospheres that improve upon force free by retaining the full plasma velocity information and capturing plasma heating in strong current layers. We find rather low levels of magnetospheric dissipation, with &lt; 10 per cent of pulsar spin-down energy dissipated within a few light cylinder radii, and the MHD spin-down that is consistent with that in force free. While oblique magnetospheres are qualitatively similar to the rotating split-monopole force-free solution at large radii, we find substantial quantitative differences with the split-monopole, e.g., the luminosity of the pulsar wind is more equatorially concentrated than the split-monopole at high obliquities, and the flow velocity is modified by the emergence of reconnection flow directed into the current sheet.
Hypoglycemic and Antioxidative Effects of Instant Cooked Giant Embryonic Rice in High‐Fat‐Fed Mice
Authors: Chung Soo Im , Kim Tae Hyeong , Rico Catherine W. , Kang Mi Young 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of instant cooked rice made from giant embryo mutant or ordinary normal rice on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative defense system in mice under a high‐fat (HF) diet condition was investigated. The animals were randomly divided and given experimental diets for seven weeks: normal control diet, HF diet, and HF diet supplemented with instant normal white, normal brown, giant embryonic white, or giant embryonic brown rice. At the end of the experimental period, the HF mice showed a marked increase in the blood glucose level, insulin concentration, and plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and a significant decrease in the glycogen level relative to the control group. However, diet supplementation with instant cooked giant embryonic and normal brown rice counteracted this high‐fat‐induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through regulation of the glucose‐regulating and antioxidant enzyme activities. The giant embryonic brown rice was the most effective in improving the glucose metabolism and antioxidant defense status in mice under the HF diet condition. The results demonstrate that the giant embryo rice mutant may be useful in the development of instant cooked rice with strong hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties.
Horace Wells’ Demonstration of Nitrous Oxide in Boston
Authors: Haridas Rajesh P. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Horace Wells, a dentist in Hartford, Connecticut, first used nitrous oxide in dentistry in December 1844. A few weeks later he travelled to Boston, Massachusetts, to demonstrate to physicians and dentists the use of nitrous oxide in painful procedures. Wells’ unsuccessful demonstration of nitrous oxide for the extraction of a tooth is well known, but other details of this trip are poorly understood. A description of Wells’ visit to Boston was compiled using information from 21 statements and 5 newspaper notices. The precise date and location of Wells’ demonstration could not be determined. There is no primary evidence that Wells’ demonstration occurred in the surgical amphitheater (Ether Dome) at Massachusetts General Hospital. Wells’ demonstration of nitrous oxide probably occurred around the end of January 1845, in a public hall on Washington Street, Boston.
LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 Interacts with Catalases to Regulate Hypersensitive Cell Death in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Yansha , Chen Lichao , Mu Jinye , Zuo Jianru 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (lsd1) is an important negative regulator of programmed cell death (PCD) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The loss-of-function mutations in lsd1 cause runaway cell death triggered by reactive oxygen species. lsd1 encodes a novel zinc finger protein with unknown biochemical activities. Here, we report the identification of CATALASE3 (CAT3) as an lsd1-interacting protein by affinity purification and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. The Arabidopsis genome contains three homologous catalase genes (CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3). Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated that lsd1 interacted with all three catalases both in vitro and in vivo, and the interaction required the zinc fingers of lsd1. We found that the catalase enzymatic activity was reduced in the lsd1 mutant, indicating that the catalase enzyme activity was partially dependent on lsd1. Consistently, the lsd1 mutant was more sensitive to the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole than the wild type, suggesting that the interaction between lsd1 and catalases is involved in the regulation of the reactive oxygen species generated in the peroxisome. Genetic studies revealed that lsd1 interacted with CATALASE genes to regulate light-dependent runaway cell death and hypersensitive-type cell death. Moreover, the accumulation of salicylic acid was required for PCD regulated by the interaction between lsd1 and catalases. These results suggest that the lsd1-catalase interaction plays an important role in regulating PCD in Arabidopsis.
Innovating cost accounting practices in rail transport companies
Authors: Cugini Antonella , Michelon Giovanna , Pilonato Silvia 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss an accounting innovation in the cost measurement system of rail transport companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors identify the distinctive features that cost accounting systems should have in order to capture the particular structure of the production process of rail transport companies and develop an innovative accounting practice that addresses the specific features of railway services, particularly the high fixed costs associated with the infrastructure. This accounting innovation is applied to Trentino Trasporti, a medium-sized, privately owned passenger railway company operating in the Trentino Alto Adige region of Italy.

Findings
– Evidence suggests that the new accounting practice facilitates the operational connection between the company's resources and their consumption during the provision of transport services.

Practical implications
– This connection enables companies to identify new opportunities for improvement and cost optimisation by finding the real origins of cost consumption in the provision of rail transport services.

Originality/value
– The case analysed also shows the necessity of integrating activity-based costing (ABC) with an accounting innovation that can represent the resources consumed by the various elements of the infrastructure that support the provision of services. This innovation has important managerial outcomes for all service companies that operate with an infrastructure network, including transport, service, and utility companies, and useful implications for the accounting profession that deals with cost systems in networked-based companies.
Hybrid rocket combustion with prevaporized zone
Authors: Lung Lin Jih 
Published: August 2013

PurposeLow combustion completeness has been the main defect of hybrid rockets. The present study tries to address the problem by bringing up the setup of the precombustion zone, which do not increase the manufacture cost and complexity.Design/methodology/approachA precombustion zone can provide a space for the liquid oxidizer to vaporize before entering the combustion zone, and prevents the endothermic effect of liquid oxidizer which can block the chemical reaction as well as the fuel regression. Therefore, this design is expected to raise the combustion completeness. The numerical simulation focuses on the flow field inside a cylindrical hybrid combustor. The distribution of temperature, combustion mode, mass fraction of reactants, velocity, combustion completeness, and solid‐fuel regression rate are presented.FindingsWith the setup of prevaporized zone of appropriate length, the upstream separation bubble which is unobvious for the case with no prevaporized zone can increase the mixing of reactants, and then increases the combustion completeness. Besides, the radial temperature distribution is more uniform. But when the length of prevaporized zone exceeds about one fourth of the combustor length, due to no enough space for the reactants to react, the combustion completeness begins to decrease and the radial temperature distribution becomes uneven. Therefore, a prevaporized zone with about 24 per cent of the combustor length can have optimum combustion completeness in the present study.Originality/valueThis study provides a useful design to raise the combustion completeness of a traditional hybrid rocket. However, the manufacture cost and complexity are not increased. So the results can be a good reference for the hybrid rocket designers.
The role of top managers' human and social capital in business model innovation
Authors: Guo Hai , Zhao Jing , Tang Jintong 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to conceptualize the business model from a value network perspective and to investigate how top managers' individual characteristics contribute to business model innovation.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of upper echelons theory and contingency theory, this study empirically examines the micro‐macro link between top managers' human and social capital and firm business model innovation.FindingsUsing survey data collected from 146 Chinese firms, the findings indicate that both top managers' managerial and entrepreneurial skills and managerial ties significantly lead to business model innovation. Furthermore, the interaction between entrepreneurial skills and managerial ties enhances, yet the interaction between managerial skills and managerial ties inhibits business model innovation.Originality/valueBy proposing a value network‐based definition for the business model, this study provides additional insights into the current debate on the definition and architecture of business model. Further, the current study contributes to an emerging body of business model research by demonstrating, for the first time, that a manager's individual characteristics can both directly and interactively drive business model innovation in the context of emerging economies.
An empirical examination of the stability of the alliance of “a company+farmers”
Authors: Fu Shaoling , Lin Jiabao , Sun Liangyuan 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the stability of the alliance of “a company+farmers” from the perspective of farmers.Design/methodology/approachBased on 462 usable data collected through survey, structural equation modeling (SEM) technology was employed to examine the research model.FindingsFrom farmers' perspective, the authors find that the positive correlation between alliance performance and alliance stability, relationship quality promotes alliance performance and different powers have different impacts on relationship quality. Together, these results illustrate the formation process of the stability of the alliance “a company+farmers”.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to a particular sample: farmers from Guangdong and Hainan Province in China. Thus, the results need to be generalized to other samples.Originality/valuePrevious studies do not have good explanations on the formation mechanism of the stability of the alliance of “a company+farmers”. From the perspective of farmers, based on resource dependence theory, social exchange theory, this study builds an empirical model of “power‐relationship quality‐alliance performance‐alliance stability” to address the gap.