bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veriflow® Campylobacter
Authors: Joelsson Adam C , Brown Ashley S , Puri Amrita , Keough Martin P , Pascal Benjamin J , Gaudioso Zara E , Snook Adam E , Leong Louis E , Siciliano Nicholas A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Veriflow®Campylobacter is a molecular based assay for the presumptive and qualitative detection of the most common occurring foodborne Campylobacter species: C. jejuni and C. coli. The assay utilizes a PCR detection method coupled with a rapid, visual, flow-based assay that develops in 3 min post PCR amplification and requires only 24 h of non-specialized enrichment for maximum sensitivity. The Veriflow Campylobacter system eliminates the need for microaerobic chambers, gel electrophoresis or fluorophore based detection of target amplification, and does not require complex data analysis. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation study demonstrated the ability of the Veriflow method to detect naturally occurring Campylobacter from chicken carcass rinsates. In the reference comparison study, Chi-square and probability of detection analyses of two unpaired studies indicated that there was no significant difference between the Veriflow Campylobacter method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) reference method. There was no indication of false positive or false negative detection in the reference comparison study, and all 50 C. jejuni and C. coli strains were detected, while 35 nonspecific organisms were undetected in the exclusivity/ inclusivity study. The study results show that Veriflow Campylobacter is a sensitive, selective and robust assay for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli in chicken carcass rinsates.
Process Improvement for Regulatory Analyses of Custom-Blend Fertilizers
Authors: Wegner Keith A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Chemical testing of custom-blend fertilizers is essential to ensure that the products meet the formulation requirements. For purposes of proper crop nutrition and consumer protection, regulatory oversight promotes compliance and particular attention to blending and formulation specifications. Analyses of custom-blend fertilizer products must be performed and reported within a very narrow window in order to be effective. The Colorado Department of Agriculture's Biochemistry Laboratory is an ISO 17025 accredited facility and conducts analyses of custom-blend fertilizer products primarily during the spring planting season. Using the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) process, the Biochemistry Laboratory has reduced turnaround times from as much as 45 days to as little as 3 days. The LSS methodology focuses on waste reduction through identifying: non-value-added steps, unneeded process reviews, optimization of screening and confirmatory analyses, equipment utilization, nonessential reporting requirements, and inefficient personnel deployment. Eliminating these non-value-added activities helped the laboratory significantly shorten turnaround time and reduce costs. Key improvement elements discovered during the LSS process included: focused sample tracking, equipment redundancy, strategic supply stocking, batch size optimization, critical sample paths, elimination of nonessential QC reviews, and more efficient personnel deployment.
Detection of Salmonella species in a Variety of Foods by the DuPont™ BAX® System Real-Time PCR Assay for Salmonella: First Action 2013.02
Authors: Wallace F Morgan , Andaloro Bridget , Fallon Dawn , Corrigan Nisha , Varkey Stephen , DeMarco Daniel , Farnum Andrew , Tadler Monica , Hoelzer Steven , Weller Julie , Davis Eugene , Rohrbeck Jeffrey , Tice George , Bird Patrick , Crowley Erin , Flannery Jonathan , Fisher Kiel , Huffman Travis , Boyle Megan , Benzinger M Joseph , Bedinghaus Paige , Goetz Katie , Judd William , Agin Jim , Goins David ,   Collaborators:, Churchill C , Clark D , Dieckelman B , Donohue T , Elgaali H , Fedio W , Galbraith E , Hahn L , Kondratko D , Kupski B , McCallum K , McWhorter G , Meyer J , Putrow J , Radcliff R , Rodgers D , Scott S , Swift D , Thompson L 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A multilaboratory study was conducted to evaluate the ability of the DuPont™ BAX® System Real-Time PCR Assay for Salmonella to detect the target species in a variety of foods and environmental surfaces. Internal validation studies were performed by DuPont Nutrition & Health on 24 different sample types to demonstrate the reliability of the test method among a wide variety of sample types. Two of these matrixes—pork and turkey frankfurters and pasteurized, not-from-concentrate orange juice without pulp—were each evaluated in 14 independent laboratories as part of the collaborative study to demonstrate repeatability and reproducibility of the internal laboratory results independent of the end user. Frankfurter samples were evaluated against the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service reference method as a paired study, while orange juice samples were evaluated against the U. S. Food and Drug Administration reference method as an unpaired study, using a proprietary media for the test method. Samples tested in this study were artificially inoculated with a Salmonella strain at levels expected to produce low (0.2–2.0 CFU/test portion) or high (5 CFU/test portion) spike levels on the day of analysis. For each matrix, the collaborative study failed to show a statistically significant difference between the candidate method and the reference method using the probability of detection statistical model.
Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Calcium, Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Lead, Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Selenium, and Zinc in Fertilizers by Microwave Acid Digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry Detection: Single-Laboratory
Validation of a Modification and Extension of AOAC 2006.03
Authors: Webb Sharon , Bartos James , Boles Rhonda , Hasty Elaine , Thuotte Ethel , Thiex Nancy J 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, cadmium, calcium, cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc in all major types of commercial fertilizer products by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis. This validation study proposes an extension and modification of AOAC 2006.03. The extension is the inclusion of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc, and the modification is incorporation of hydrochloric acid in the digestion system. This dual acid digestion utilizes both hydrochloric and nitric acids in a 3 to 9 mL volume ratio/100 mL. In addition to 15 of the 30 original validation materials used in the 2006.03 collaborative study, National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 695 and Magruder 2009-06 were incorporated as accuracy materials. The main benefits of this proposed method are a significant increase in laboratory efficiency when compared to the use of both AOAC Methods 965.09 and 2006.03 to achieve
Relationship between Fragmented QRS Complex and Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Ulusoy Şükrü , Ozkan Gulsum , Adar Adem , Bektaş Hüseyin , Kιrιş Abdulkadir , Çelik Şükrü 
Published: June 2014

Background Kidney transplant is a most important replacement therapy. It reduces cardiovascular mortality and morbidity but does not fully correct impairments in cardiac function. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) complex includes various RSR′ patterns with different QRS complex morphologies on electrocardiograms. Objective To analyze fQRS frequency and the relationship between fQRS and left ventricular function in kidney transplant patients. Method After demographic data on 39 kidney transplant patients were recorded and biochemical parameters were investigated, electrocardiograms were evaluated for the presence of fQRS. Left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocities, late diastolic mitral annular velocities, and systolic mitral annular velocity were analyzed. Results Fragmented QRS was detected in 16 patients. A history of hypertension was associated with the presence of fQRS. Patients with fQRS had significantly lower systolic and peak early diastolic mitral annular velocities, mitral annular plane systolic excursion, and left ventricular ejection fraction than did patients without fQRS ( P = .03, .01, < .001, and .03, respectively). Conclusion Detection of fQRS on electrocardiograms may be useful in predicting systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in kidney transplant patients.
Validation of the Persian Version of COOP/WONCA Functional Health Status Charts in Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Mahmoudi Hilda , Jafari Peyman , Ghaffaripour Sina 
Published: June 2014

Context Health-related quality of life is a preferred outcome measure for patients with advanced liver disease. The functional health status charts developed by the Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Information Project (COOP)/World Organization of National Colleges, Academies and Academic Associations (WONCA) make up a generic instrument for assessing health-related quality of life. Objective To translate and validate the Persian version of COOP/WONCA in liver transplant candidates and to assess the correlation of Child Pugh classification and Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score with quality of life. Setting The Shiraz liver transplant center, the most active liver transplant center in the Middle East. Participants Consecutive adult outpatients waiting for their first liver transplant who attended follow-up visits in the pretransplant clinic. Main Outcome Measures Patients completed COOP/WONCA along with the Short Form (SF)-36. Data on the underlying cause of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classification, and MELD scores were collected from medical records. Results A Persian version of the COOP/WONCA was accepted by liver transplant candidates and showed adequate reliability and validity. Similar domains in COOP/WONCA charts and the SF-36 were highly correlated, indicating that construct validity of the COOP/WONCA in relation to the SF-36 was good (77% of correlations were as expected). Moreover, the exploratory factor analysis could not extract 2 different quality-of-life factors. These findings provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the Persian versions of COOP/WONCA charts and the SF-36 measure the same constructs of health-related quality of life and can be used interchangeably. Four of the 6 COOP/WONCA charts did not allow discrimination between groups of patients according to Child Pugh classification, indicating poor known group validity.
Hispanic/Latino Concerns about Living Kidney Donation: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Gordon Elisa J. , Mullee Jack O. , Ramirez Daney I. , MacLean Jessica , Olivero Maria , Feinglass Joseph , Carney Paula , O'Connor Kate , Caicedo Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2014

Context Given the shortage of kidneys for transplant, living kidney donation (LKD) is increasingly used to expand the organ donor pool. Although Hispanics/Latinos need disproportionately more kidney transplants, they receive a smaller proportion of living donor kidney transplants than other ethnic/racial groups. Objective To assess Hispanics' awareness, perceptions, misconceptions, cultural beliefs, and values about and barriers to LKD. Design Nine focus groups were conducted with 76 adult Hispanics in Chicago, Illinois, between January and March 2012. Participants Focus groups included kidney transplant recipients, living kidney donors, dialysis patients, and the general Hispanic public. Results Several themes emerged as perceived barriers to LKD. Many participants identified knowledge deficits about LKD, expressing uncertainty about the differences between LKD and deceased donation, and whether kidney disease simultaneously afflicts both kidneys. Many believed that donors experience dramatically shorter life expectancies, are unable to have children, and are more susceptible to kidney disease after donating. Recipients and donors reported that family members were involved in discussions about the donor's decision to donate, with some family members discouraging donation. Financial barriers cited included fear of becoming unable to work, losing one's job, or being unable to pay household bills while recovering. Participants also identified logistic barriers for undocumented immigrants (eg, the inability to obtain government insurance for transplant candidates and uncertainty about their eligibility to donate). Donors desired information about optimizing self-care to promote their remaining kidney's health. Culturally competent interventions are needed to redress Hispanics' knowledge deficits and misconceptions and reduce LKD disparities among Hispanics.
Controls on spatial and temporal evolution of prism faulting and relationships to plate boundary slip offshore north‐central Sumatra
Authors: Cook Becky J. , Henstock Timothy J. , McNeill Lisa C. , Bull Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAcross‐ and along‐strike variations in the morphology and structure of the north‐central Sumatran forearc (~1.5°S to 1°N) are broadly coincident with subducting plate topography and an earthquake segment boundary zone below the Batu Islands. We present a detailed interpretation of multichannel streamer seismic reflection data collected offshore north‐central Sumatra, to better characterize the morphological and structural variations, provide insight into fault development, and relate structure to plate boundary rupture and seismicity patterns. We interpret two relatively continuous, major fault structures that divide the prism into three strike‐parallel belts that can be characterized by the relative fault slip rates along major and minor fault structures. The midslope break fault(s) and upper slope‐bounding fault(s) are major, potentially out‐of‐sequence thrusts accommodating a significant component of the compressional strain. We propose that the upper slope‐bounding fault represents the more mature end‐member of an evolving fault system. Landward vergent structures are associated with a relatively thin sedimentary section near the deformation front in the center of our study area and suggest a potentially weak shallow plate boundary associated with the subducting Wharton Fossil Ridge.
The impact of westerly wind bursts on the diversity and predictability of El Niño events: An ocean energetics perspective
Authors: Hu Shineng , Fedorov Alexey V. , Lengaigne Matthieu , Guilyardi Eric 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, we apply ocean energetics as a diagnostic tool to investigate the impact of westerly wind bursts (WWBs) on the evolution, diversity, and predictability of El Niño events. Following Fedorov et al. (2014), we add an observed WWB to simulations within a comprehensive coupled model and explore changes in the available potential energy (APE) of the tropical Pacific basin. We find that WWB impacts strongly depend on the ocean initial state and can range from a Central Pacific (CP) to Eastern Pacific (EP) warming, which is closely reflected by the ocean energetics. Consequently, the APE can be used to quantify the diversity of El Niño events within this continuum—higher negative APE values typically correspond to EP events, lower values to CP events. We also find that a superimposed WWB enhances El Niño predictability even before the spring predictability barrier, if one uses the APE as a predictor.
Investigating Dunedin whistlers using volcanic lightning
Authors: Antel Claire , Collier Andrew B. , Lichtenberger János , Rodger Craig J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhistlers detected at Dunedin, New Zealand are an anomaly: there is little lightning around Dunedin's conjugate point yet whistlers appear in relatively large numbers. These surplus whistlers have consequently inspired investigations into their origins. Dunedin's lightning‐sparse conjugate point lies in the Aleutian Islands, a region populated with active volcanoes. Their presence has allowed us to perform a novel analysis: the correlation of whistlers to volcanic lightning. We report on our investigation, which successfully yielded the first observations of “volcanic whistlers.” It was found that the single July 2008 Mount Okmok eruption had an impressive effect on the number of whistlers at Dunedin. The eruptions at Mount Redoubt in 2009 also caused a sporadic flow of whistlers in Dunedin.
Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux, and streamer belt width: 2. Comparison with the geomagnetic data
Authors: Lockwood M. , Owens M. J. , Barnard L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between interdiurnal variation geomagnetic activity indices, IDV and IDV(1d), corrected sunspot number, RC , and the group sunspot number RG . RC uses corrections for both the “Waldmeier discontinuity,” as derived in Paper 1, and the “Wolf discontinuity” revealed by Leussu et al. (2013). We show that the simple correlation of the geomagnetic indices with RCn or RGn masks a considerable solar cycle variation. Using IDV(1d) or IDV to predict or evaluate the sunspot numbers, the errors are almost halved by allowing for the fact that the relationship varies over the solar cycle. The results indicate that differences between RC and RG have a variety of causes and are highly unlikely to be attributable to errors in either RG alone, as has recently been assumed. Because it is not known if RC or RG is a better predictor of open flux emergence before 1874, a simple sunspot number composite is suggested which, like RG , enables modeling of the open solar flux for 1610 onward in Paper 3 but maintains the characteristics of RC .
Ein neuer Weg zu Metallaziden
Authors: Müller Thomas G. , Karau Friedrich , Schnick Wolfgang , Kraus Florian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMetallazide eignen sich unter anderem für die Synthese von Nitridophosphaten und binären Nitriden. Hier zeigen wir einen neuen präparativen Zugang zu Aziden auf: Verschiedene Hauptgruppen‐, Übergangs‐ und Seltenerdmetalle reagieren mit wasserfreiem Silberazid in flüssigem Ammoniak unter Bildung der entsprechenden Metallazide. So wurden Mn(N3)2, Sn(N3)2 und Eu(N3)2 sowie deren Amminkomplexe zum ersten Mal mit Tieftemperaturmethoden hergestellt. Des Weiteren gelang mit dieser Methode ein einfacherer Zugang zu Zn(N3)2. Einkristalle eines zweikernigen Holmiumazids, [Ho2(μ‐NH2)3(NH3)10](N3)3⋅1.25 NH3, wurden bei Raumtemperatur und dem entsprechenden Ammoniak‐Dampfdruck erhalten. Wir sind zuversichtlich, dass diese Methode zu weiteren Metallaziden und – nach vorsichtiger Zersetzung – zu neuen Nitriden der Hauptgruppen‐, der Übergangs‐ und der Seltenerdmetalle führen wird.
Direct Sensing of 5‐Methylcytosine by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Aschenbrenner Joos , Drum Matthias , Topal Hüsnü , Wieland Markus , Marx Andreas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe epigenetic control of genes by the methylation of cytosine resulting in 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) has fundamental implications for human development and disease. Analysis of alterations in DNA methylation patterns is an emerging tool for cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Here we report that two thermostable DNA polymerases, namely the DNA polymerase KlenTaq derived from Thermus aquaticus and the KOD DNA polymerase from Thermococcus kodakaraensis, are able to extend 3′‐mismatched primer strands more efficiently from 5 mC than from unmethylated C. This feature was advanced by generating a DNA polymerase mutant with further improved 5mC/C discrimination properties and its successful application in a novel methylation‐specific PCR approach directly from untreated human genomic DNA.
A New Route to Metal Azides
Authors: Müller Thomas G. , Karau Friedrich , Schnick Wolfgang , Kraus Florian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBeside several other applications, metal azides can be used for the synthesis of nitridophosphates and binary nitrides. Herein we present a novel synthetic access to azides: Several metals, such as main‐group, transition metals, and rare‐earth metals, react with silver azide in liquid ammonia as a solvent giving the corresponding metal azides. In this work Mn(N3)2, Sn(N3)2, and Eu(N3)2, as well as their ammonia complexes were synthesized for the first time through low‐temperature methods. Also a simpler access to Zn(N3)2 was possible. At room temperature and the respective vapor pressure of NH3, it became possible to grow single crystals of the dinuclear holmium azide [Ho2(μ‐NH2)3(NH3)10](N3)3⋅1.25 NH3. We are confident that this new route could lead to novel metal azides as well as nitrides of the main‐group, the transition, and the rare‐earth metals upon careful decomposition.
Effect of the addition of Ce to MnOx/Ti catalyst on reduction of N2O in low‐temperature SCR
Authors: Shang Tong , Hui Shien , Niu Yanqing , Liang Ling , Liu Changchun , Wang Denghui 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of MnOx/Ti catalyst doped with Ce prepared by sol–gel method at a low temperature on N2O formation during the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 was studied in detail. Results showed that the production of N2O was primarily controlled by two paths: (1) direct reaction of NO and NH3 and (2) oxidation of NH3 with O2. The overoxidation of NH3 was the dominant step in N2O reduction. Addition of Ce to MnOx/Ti catalyst increased the proportion of lattice oxygen on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the stability of lattice oxygen, which contributed to the decrease in N2O formation by inhibiting the overoxidation of NH3, on the catalyst surface was the best when the Ce/Ti mole ratio reached 0.1. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen mass transfer characteristics in an internal‐loop airlift reactor with preset trumpet‐shaped riser
Authors: Pi Kewu , Huang Lei , Li Zhu , Gao Linxia , Gerson Andrea R. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA size‐adjustable trumpet‐shaped riser was installed into a conventional airlift reactor to form a modified internal‐loop airlift reactor (ILAR). The volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and gas holdup of the ILAR were heavily influenced by the height ratio of riser to static fluid level above the spargers (h/H), the cross‐sectional area ratio of riser to downcomer (Ar/Ad) and the superficial gas velocity in the riser (Ug) when deoxidized distilled water was used as the oxygen absorbent. An oxygen transfer rate of (2.17 ± 0.11) × 10−5 kg m−3 s−1, kLa of (27.88 ± 1.12) × 10−3 s−1 and gas holdup of 0.031 were obtained with the ILAR of Ar/Ad = 1.09 and h/H = 0.73 at Ug = 18 mm s−1. As the well‐constructed preset trumpet‐shaped riser provided ideal conditions for complete circulation and blending of the fluid, enhanced oxygen transfer efficiency was achieved. The gas holdup and kLa were increased by 16.2% and 10.2% at 19 °C, as compared with those of the conventional airlift reactor without this preset riser. The fluid rising velocity in the riser (VR) and falling velocity in the downcomer (VD) may be expressed by power‐law functions of Ug and Ar/Ad, respectively. These metrics indicate that the ILAR has better performance, as compared with a conventional airlift reaction, for oxygen transfer and microorganism culture for chemical engineering, biological fermentation and environmental protection. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.