bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for delirium and inpatient mortality with delirium
Authors: Grover S , Ghormode D , Ghosh A , Avasthi A , Chakrabarti S , Mattoo SK , Malhotra S 
Published: December 2013

Background:
There is limited on the risk factors and mortality in patients with delirium from India.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with delirium and inpatient mortality rates of patients diagnosed with delirium by psychiatry consultation liaison services.

Materials and Methods:
Three hundred and thirty-one patients diagnosed as delirium by the psychiatry consultation liaison services were examined on standardized instruments: Delirium Rating Scale Revised 98 version (DRS-R-98), amended Delirium Motor Symptom Scale (DMSS), Delirium Etiology Checklist (DEC), Charlson Comorbidity index, and a checklist for assessment of risk factors. Results: More than three medications as a risk factor and metabolic/endocrine disturbances as cause were observed to play largest role in development of delirium. The inpatient mortality rate was 12.4%. Compared to the survivor group, those who died were more likely to be young (<65 years), had significantly high rate of alcohol dependence and were more frequently restrained prior to development of delirium; of these only age <65 years and use of restraints emerged as the significant predictors of mortality in regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Age and use of restraints appears to be an important predictor mortality in patients with delirium.
Preinduction incentive spirometry versus deep breathing to improve apnea tolerance during induction of anesthesia in patients of abdominal sepsis
Authors: Tripathi M , Subedi A , Raimajhi A , Pokharel K , Pandey M 
Published: December 2013

Background:
Abdominal sepsis is associated with varied degree of hypoxemia and atelactasis in the lung and can enhance the onset of desaturation of arterial blood during apnea.

Aims:
This study looked at methods to improve safety margin of apnea during induction of anesthesia in these high-risk patients. Settings and Design: It was a randomized, single blind study on adult patients presenting for emergency laparotomy due to peritonitis in a university teaching hospital setting.

Materials and Methods:
In group 1 (IS) (n = 32), three sessions of incentive spirometry (IS) were performed within one hour before induction of anesthesia. In group 2 (DB) (n = 34), patients were subjected to deep breathing sessions in a similar manner. All patients received preoxygenation (100%) by mask for 3 min, followed by rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia using fentanyl, thiopental, and suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation. Patients were subjected to a period of apnea by keeping the end of the endotracheal tube open to air till they developed 95% hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) by pulse oxymetry. Positive pressure ventilation was resumed at the end. We observed for hemodynamic changes, apnea time, and SpO2 (100%) recovery time on resuming ventilation. Arterial blood gas samples were taken before intervention, after IS or DB, after preoxygenation, and at the end of apnea. Statistical analysis used: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), X 2 test, Kaplan-Meier graph, and log-rank tests were applied to compare the two study groups. Results: Oxygenation level in group 1 (265 ± 76.7 mmHg) patients was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in group 2 (221 ± 61.8 mmHg)at the end of preoxygenation. The apnea time (median: lower bound - upper bound Confidence Interval apnea time) (272:240-279 s) in group 1 (IS) patients was significantly higher P < 0.05) than in group 2 (180:163-209 s) patients. Saturation recovery time (35:34-46 s) in group 1 (IS) patients was also quicker than in group 2 patients (48:44-58 s).

Conclusions:
IS in the preoperative period is superior to deep breathing sessions for improving apnea tolerance during induction of anesthesia in abdominal sepsis patients.
Utilization of operating room time in a cancer hospital
Authors: Ranganathan P , Khanapurkar P , Divatia JV 
Published: December 2013

Background:
Appropriate usage of operating room (OR) time can improve efficiency of utilization of resources and help to decrease surgical waiting lists.

Aims:
This study was conducted to evaluate the pattern of usage of OR time in a tertiary referral cancer hospital. Setting and Design: This was a prospective audit carried out over 2 months in 11 major ORs in a cancer hospital.

Materials and Methods:
OR anesthesiologists filled a standard form for all patients undergoing elective surgery and documented the following times: entry into OR, start of anesthesia, handover to surgeon, incision, start of reversal, end of anesthesia, and shifting out of patient.

Statistical Analysis:
Median time utilized for various OR processes was calculated. Results: An average of two surgeries were performed per OR session (828 surgeries in 407 OR sessions). Anesthesia and surgery-related processes contributed to 17% and 79%, respectively, of total OR time, with turnover time between cases accounting for the remaining 4%. Fifteen percent (60 out of 407) OR sessions started more than 10 min later than the planned start time, and 17% (70 of 407) of OR sessions ended more than 2 h after the scheduled finish time. An anesthesia procedure room was utilized in only 15% of cases where it could potentially have been used.

Conclusion:
This audit identified patterns of OR usage in a cancer hospital and helped to detect areas of inefficient utilization. Anesthesia-related processes contributed to 17% of the total OR time.
La langue de la justice au Nouveau-Brunswick selon une perspective historique
Authors: Migneault Gaétan 
Published: December 2013

Au Nouveau-Brunswick, la langue de la justice a été l’anglais jusqu’en 1967. Une modification à la Loi sur la preuve permettait alors l’usage d’autres langues dans des circonstances très limitées. Tout en reconnaissant le statut officiel du français devant les tribunaux et en élargissant quelque peu les droits accordés en 1967, la Loi sur les langues officielles du Nouveau-Brunswick de 1969 maintenait la discrétion des juges d’imposer une langue de procédure selon les situations. C’est avec l’avènement de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés en 1982 et la modification correspondante à la loi qu’une pleine liberté de choix a été établie. Depuis lors, les seules restrictions possibles s’appliquent aux autorités publiques devant procéder dans la langue des accusés ou des parties civiles et aux assureurs agissant en vertu de leur droit de subrogation ou de leur obligation de défense. La langue de la justice s’est aussi francisée par la traduction des jugements à partir des années 80 malgré l’absence de dispositions législatives spécifiques. C’est seulement en 2002, avec la révision de la Loi sur les langues officielles, qu’une obligation dans ce sens a été adoptée. Depuis, les citoyens sont ainsi en mesure de prendre connaissance des jugements qui présentent une valeur jurisprudentielle dans la langue officielle de leur choix.
Le cas des inaptes juridiques et leur (ir)responsabilité civile
Authors: Lacroix Mariève 
Published: December 2013

L’auteure traite de la situation du majeur privé temporairement de sa raison par une cause naturelle, mais qui n’est pas sous tutelle ou curatelle, qui cause un préjudice à autrui : est-il possible de spéculer sur sa responsabilité personnelle ? En droit civil québécois, la victime est dépourvue de toute compensation. Entre deux « victimes » potentielles — celle qui subit un préjudice et celle qui est atteinte d’un trouble mental —, laquelle faut-il favoriser ? N’y aurait-il pas lieu d’imposer à l’inapte une obligation de réparer, en d’autres termes, une responsabilité dite patrimoniale ? Dans la première partie de son article, l’auteure prend acte de la politique législative française qui favorise une responsabilité civile de l’inapte sur la base d’une faute objective. Par ailleurs, elle aborde la reconnaissance exceptionnelle d’une obligation de réparer dans les systèmes de droit allemand, belge et suisse, sur la base de l’équité. Dans la seconde partie, l’auteure analyse d’abord le droit positif québécois où une conception subjective (dépassée ?) de la faute perdure. La faculté de discernement est impérative au soutien de la responsabilité civile extracontractuelle pour le fait personnel. Ensuite, l’auteure s’interroge à savoir si un fait ou un acte illicite peut entraîner, à lui seul, une responsabilité civile extracontractuelle personnelle lorsque le juge conclut à son existence. La mise en avant d’une responsabilité personnelle de l’inapte sous-tend une objectivation de la faute civile en droit québécois et la reconnaissance d’une portée normative et des effets sanctionnateurs conférés au fait illicite.
Quantifying the impact of mechanical layering and underthrusting on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system with 3‐D numerical models
Authors: Lechmann S. M. , Schmalholz S. M. , Hetényi G. , May D. A. , Kaus B. J. P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe impact of mechanical layering and the strength of the Indian lower crust on the dynamics of the modern India‐Asia collisional system are studied using 3‐D thermomechanical modeling. The model includes an Indian oceanic domain, Indian continental domain, and an Asian continental domain. Each domain consists of four layers: upper/lower crust, and upper/lower lithospheric mantle. The Tarim and Sichuan Basins are modeled as effectively rigid blocks and the Quetta‐Chaman and Sagaing strike‐slip faults as vertical weak zones. The geometry, densities, and viscosities are constrained by geophysical data sets (CRUST2.0, gravity, and seismology). Both static (no horizontal movement of model boundaries) and dynamic scenarios (indentation) are modeled. It is demonstrated that 3‐D viscosity distributions resulting from typical creep flow laws and temperature fields generate realistic surface velocities. Lateral variations in the gravitational potential energy cause locally significant tectonic overpressure (i.e., difference between pressure and lithostatic pressure) in a mechanically strong Indian lower crust (up to ~500 MPa for the static scenario and ~800 MPa for the dynamic scenario). Different density distributions in the lithosphere as well as different viscosities (3 orders of magnitude) in the Indian lower crust cause only minor differences in the surface velocity field. This result suggests that surface velocities alone are insufficient to infer the state of mechanical coupling of the lithosphere. Model results are in agreement with GPS velocities for Indian lower crustal viscosities of 1021–1024 Pa s, for a strong Quetta‐Chaman Fault (1022 Pa s) and a weak Sagaing Fault (1020 Pa s).
Imaging rapidly deforming ocean island volcanoes in the western Galápagos archipelago, Ecuador
Authors: Tepp Gabrielle , Ebinger Cynthia J. , Ruiz Mario , Belachew Manahloh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUsing local body wave arrival‐time tomography methods to determine 3‐D seismic velocity structure, we imaged the plumbing system of Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos. This hot spot volcanic chain includes some of the fastest deforming volcanoes in the world, making this an ideal location to study shield volcano plumbing systems. We inverted P and S wave arrivals recorded on a 15‐station temporary array between July 2009 and June 2011 using an a priori 1‐D velocity model constrained by offshore refraction studies. With local seismicity from nearby volcanoes as well as the ring fault system, the model resolution is good between depths of 3 and 15.5 km. The propagation of S waves throughout this volume argues against any large high‐melt accumulations, although a shallow melt sill may exist above 5 km. We image a broad low‐velocity region (>25 km laterally) below Sierra Negra at depths ~8–15 km. No large, regional velocity increase is found within the limits of good resolution, suggesting that crust is thicker than 15 km beneath the western Galápagos archipelago. Our results are consistent with crustal accretion of mafic cumulates from a large‐volume magma chamber that may span the boundary between preplume and accreted crust. The similarity between our results and those of Hawaii leave open the possibility that the crust has also been thickened by under‐plating.
Period estimation for adaptive reconstruction of (quasi‐) periodic signals
Authors: Rairan Danilo , Garzon Max H. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYSignal reconstruction from sampling data is an important problem in signal processing and system identification. A large variety of signals of current interest do not satisfy common assumptions about fitting certain models, are too dynamic, have an unknown period, and/or are computationally infeasible, so that current methods may be inappropriate for their identification and reconstruction. The discrete Fourier transform can be used to estimate the period of a discrete time signal when the first harmonic of its Fourier expansion has the maximum amplitude among all harmonics, the number of data points in a period is even, and a multiple of the sampling period matches the true period. The signal is generally impossible to reconstruct accurately without a priori knowledge of the period, or its inverse, the frequency. We address this problem with two efficient algorithms that are model‐free, data‐based, and dynamically adaptive for signal processing and provide estimates of the period that are guaranteed to be within a maximum error of the true period in the order of the sampling period of the signal, usually in real time. In addition, we present theoretical guarantees and experimental evidence of the quality of the algorithms in practice with very competitive results, even when the data is noisy, dynamic, require real‐time estimates, and even for quasi periodic signals. The results thus extend the three range of applicability of the FFT and sampling theorem for signal reconstruction and illustrate the applicability of these algorithms to other problems, such as power systems and sunspot prediction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injury classification agreement in linked Bureau of Labor Statistics and Workers' Compensation data
Authors: Wuellner Sara E. , Bonauto David K. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundEstimates of select occupational injuries and illnesses often differ across data sources. We explored agreement in injury classifications and the impact of differences on case estimates among records reported to multiple data sources.MethodsWe linked cases reported in the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) to Washington State workers' compensation (WC) claims and evaluated agreement in injury characteristics coded in each data source according to the same occupational injury and illness classification system.ResultsAgreement between data sources was greatest for body part and lowest for event or exposure. Agreement on nature of injury varied by condition. WC‐assigned injury codes estimated 94% more amputations than SOII‐assigned codes while SOII‐assigned codes estimated 34% more work‐related MSD cases.ConclusionsAccounting for classification differences may improve case ascertainment within individual data sources and help align injury and illness estimates derived from different data sources. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1100–1109, 2014. © 2013 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the adsorption behavior of flavonoids on three macroporous adsorption resins modified with hydrogen‐bond groups
Authors: Ye Helin , Chen Zhenbin , Liu Yongfeng , Lou Song , Di Duolong 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThree macroporous crosslinked poly(styrene‐co‐divinyl benzene) resins functionalized withp‐phenylene diamine (PPDA),p‐aminophenol, andp‐aminobenzoic acid (PANB) groups were prepared, and their adsorption characteristics for the flavonoid constituents from the leaves ofOlea europaea Lwere studied. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface area and the pore size distribution of the adsorbents were calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and Barrett‐Joyner‐Halenda methods. The results show that the materials had a faster adsorption rate and high adsorption capacities for flavonoids, and PPDA had the highest adsorption capacity in comparison with the others. The isotherms could be fitted by the Freundlich model, and the adsorption was an exothermic process. The adsorption kinetics could be characterized by the pseudo‐second‐order rate equation, and the initial stage was controlled by the intraparticle diffusion model. This study contributes to the remediation of adsorption for organic materials and active components of natural products and to the effects of different functional groups on adsorption mechanisms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 40188.
Application of azodiisobutyronitrile and azobisisoheptonitrile in low‐density unsaturated polyester resin manufacturing
Authors: Guo Liang‐Zhi , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Yi‐Fan , Wang Xiao‐Yao 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLow‐density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) is an extended application of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) material. In this study, azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and azobisisoheptonitrile (ABVN) were presented as composite foaming agents and as initiators in LDUPR manufacturing. On the basis of the kinetics of AIBN and ABVN, their optimum half‐lives (t1/2's) for LDUPR were both 1.0 h. In this study, the mass ratio of AIBN and ABVN was chosen at 7:3, and the preferred amount of the composite foaming agent was 2 wt % resin. They were treated at a molding temperature of 78.7 ± 1.0°C. The obtained LDUPR had an apparent density of 0.37 ± 0.01 g/cm3 and a specific compression strength of 35.58 ± 1.50 MPa·g−1·cm−3; it approached the highest specific compression strength value of rigid polyurethane foam (28–35 MPa g−1 cm−3). A dual‐initiation and dual‐foaming mechanism based on the dual‐exothermic decomposition properties of the composite foaming agent was proposed with the support of the differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy results. In the first stage, ABVN decomposed, released bubble nuclei, and initiated UPR cross‐polymerization. The bubble nuclei spread in the resin glue and grew. In the second stage, the gas in resin glue was enriched by the AIBN decomposition. The gelation time of the resin glue was influenced by AIBN and delayed. With the curing of resin, more bubbles grew up, took shape, and were retained in the UPR matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40238.
Fluorine‐Doped Fe2O3 as High Energy Density Electroactive Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Karthikeyan Kaliyappan , Amaresh Samuthirapandian , Lee Sol Nip , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Lee Yun Sung 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNanostructured α‐Fe2O3 with and without fluorine substitution were successfully obtained by a green route, that is, microwave irradiation. The hematite phase materials were evaluated as a high‐performance electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor configuration along with activated carbon (AC). The presence of fluorine was confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Fluorine‐doped Fe2O3 (F‐Fe2O3) exhibits an enhanced pseudocapacitive performance compared to that of the bare hematite phase. The F‐Fe2O3/AC cell delivered a specific capacitance of 71 F g−1 at a current density of 2.25 A g−1 and retained approximately 90 % of its initial capacitance after 15 000 cycles. Furthermore, the F‐Fe2O3/AC cell showed a very high energy density of about 28 W h kg−1 compared to bare hematite phase (∼9 W h kg−1). These data clearly reveal that the electrochemical performance of Fe2O3 can be improved by fluorine doping, thereby dramatically improving the energy density of the system.
Price transmission between biofuels, fuels, and food commodities
Authors: Kristoufek Ladislav , Janda Karel , Zilberman David 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFor the biofuel markets and related commodities, we study their price transmission, which is in fact equivalent to studying price cross‐elasticities. Importantly, we focus on the price dependence of the non‐linear price transmission mechanism. We discuss several methodological caveats. Specifically, we combine the memory robust feasible generalized least squares estimation with two‐stage least squares to control for endogenity bias and inconsistency. We find that both ethanol and biodiesel prices are responsive to their production factors (ethanol to corn, and biodiesel to German diesel). The strength of transmission between both significant pairs increased remarkably during the food crisis of 2007/2008. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Genetic Basis of Congenital Upper Limb Anomalies: Analysis of 487 Cases of a Specialized Clinic
Authors: Carli Diana , Fairplay Tracy , Ferrari Paola , Sartini Silvana , Lando Mario , Garagnani Lorenzo , Di Gennaro Giovanni Luigi , Di Pancrazio Luciana , Bianconi Giorgia , Elmakky Amira , Bernasconi Sergio , Landi Antonio , Percesepe Antonio 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDSpecific data regarding the frequencies of the congenital upper limb anomalies (CULA) according to their etiology are hardly available due to the heterogeneity across classification systems. In this study, we aim at defining the CULA etiology of patients that have been evaluated at the Modena University Hospital's Congenital Hand Malformations multidisciplinary clinic in the years 2004 to 2012.METHODSMedical records of 487 patients were retrospectively reviewed. On the basis of clinical, anamnestic, and genetic data, the CULA were distributed into two main groups: (1) non‐Mendelian etiology, including prenatal exposure, somatic mutations and amniotic bands; and (2) Mendelian etiology, including single gene and genomic/chromosomal diseases. CULA were further grouped according to the embryological damage (formation, separation and growth defects) and to the involved axis (radial, ulnar, central).RESULTSA Mendelian etiology was diagnosed in 199 patients (40.9%), whereas the remaining 288 cases (59.1%) were described as non‐Mendelian. The involvement of the lower limbs, the presence of malformations in other organs and facial dysmorphisms were significantly more represented in the Mendelian cases. The formation defects were significantly more frequent in the non‐Mendelian group (p < 0.001), whereas the frequency of separation defects was higher in the Mendelian cases (p = 0.0025). Patients with non‐Mendelian etiologies showed a significantly higher frequency of central defects (p = 0.0031).CONCLUSIONThe two etiologies differ in terms of patient's clinical features, morphology defect and axis involvement. This data may be helpful to the clinician during the patient's diagnostic workup by indicating the necessity for genetic testing and for determining the anomaly's recurrence risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:798–805, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.