bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils
Authors: Colleary Caitlin , Dolocan Andrei , Gardner James , Singh Suresh , Wuttke Michael , Rabenstein Renate , Habersetzer Jörg , Schaal Stephan , Feseha Mulugeta , Clemens Matthew , Jacobs Bonnie F. , Currano Ellen D. , Jacobs Louis L. , Sylvestersen Rene Lyng , Gabbott Sarah E. , Vinther Jakob 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceMelanin is a widespread pigment that provides black to reddish brown hues to organisms. Recent evidence has shown that melanin is retained in exceptionally preserved fossils, including feathered dinosaurs, allowing the reconstruction of ancient color patterns. However, little is known about the chemical preservation of melanin or its distribution in the fossil record. Here, we show that melanin is preserved in a number of soft-bodied fossils, but its burial under high pressure and temperature for millions of years alters its original chemistry. The widespread occurrence of melanin substantiates the applicability of reconstructing aspects of original color patterns and allows us to dismiss the alternative suggestion that these structures are microbial in origin.
Mesoscopic quantum emitters from deterministic aggregates of conjugated polymers
Authors: Stangl Thomas , Wilhelm Philipp , Remmerssen Klaas , Höger Sigurd , Vogelsang Jan , Lupton John M. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Bright and stable single-photon sources, based on molecular objects, have contributed to exploring the foundations of quantum mechanics and measurement theory. Because the photon emission rate scales with molecular size, the most direct approach to increasing brightness is to enlarge the molecular object itself. But how big can it become while still retaining molecular characteristics of a deterministic photon source? We tackle this question by growing defined aggregates out of single chains of a conjugated polymer. Multichain aggregates show discrete single-photon emission, even when the individual chains display multiphoton emission. Single-aggregate spectroscopy reveals how coherent and incoherent excitonic intermolecular coupling mechanisms, known from the bulk, evolve with aggregate size.
Increased threat of tropical cyclones and coastal flooding to New York City during the anthropogenic era
Authors: Reed Andra J. , Mann Michael E. , Emanuel Kerry A. , Lin Ning , Horton Benjamin P. , Kemp Andrew C. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
We combine proxy sea level records, downscaled tropical cyclone data sets, and storm surge models to investigate the impacts of rising sea levels and tropical cyclones on coastal inundation in New York City. The flood risk for New York City due to tropical cyclones and their resultant storm surges has increased significantly during the last millennium. Mean flood heights increased by >1.2 m from ∼A.D. 850 to A.D. 2005 due to rising relative sea levels. Additionally, there were increases in the types of tropical cyclones that produce the greatest surges for the region. Subsequently, the 500-y flood height return periods have fallen to ∼24.4 y throughout the millennium.
Ubiquitin systems mark pathogen-containing vacuoles as targets for host defense by guanylate binding proteins
Authors: Haldar Arun K. , Foltz Clémence , Finethy Ryan , Piro Anthony S. , Feeley Eric M. , Pilla-Moffett Danielle M. , Komatsu Masaki , Frickel Eva-Maria , Coers Jörn 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The innate immune system protects the host against infections with a diverse set of microbes that include intracellular bacterial and protozoan pathogens residing within pathogen-containing vacuoles (PVs). Because PVs provide an intracellular niche permissive for microbial growth, their destruction is critical for host defense. In mammals, PV destruction is dependent on immunity-related GTPases and guanylate binding proteins (GBPs). Although it has been shown that GBPs translocate to and eliminate PVs, the mechanisms by which GBPs specifically bind to PVs were unknown. Here, we describe an immune pathway that results in the decoration of PVs with a small protein called ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-decorated PVs are subsequently recognized by GBPs, resulting in the elimination of PVs and their microbial inhabitants.
Modeling the effect of locus coeruleus firing on cortical state dynamics and single-trial sensory processing
Authors: Safaai Houman , Neves Ricardo , Eschenko Oxana , Logothetis Nikos K. , Panzeri Stefano 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Understanding what makes a cortical neuron fire is fundamental to understand how neural circuits operate. We used simultaneous recordings from the locus coeruleus (the neuromodulatory nucleus releasing norepinephrine) and from the somatosensory cortex to formulate a mathematical model explaining how cortical responses originate from the interplay of the sensory drive that cortical neurons receive, the spontaneous dynamics of cortex, and the effect of neuromodulation. Our work provides a hypotheses about how the temporal structure of locus coeruleus burst firing regulates the amplitude and timing of changes in cortical excitability and may selectively amplify responses to salient sensory stimuli. It also suggests that downstream circuits may better decode the activity of a cortical sensory network after estimating its neuromodulatory state.
Geographic Expansion of Lyme Disease in the Southeastern United States, 2000–2014
Authors: Lantos Paul M. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Auwaerter Paul G. , Fowler Vance G. , Ruffin Felicia , Brinkerhoff R. Jory , Reber Jodi , Williams Carl , Broyhill James , Pan William K. , Gaines David N. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background.  The majority of Lyme disease cases in the United States are acquired on the east coast between northern Virginia and New England. In recent years the geographic extent of Lyme disease has been expanding, raising the prospect of Lyme disease becoming endemic in the southeast.
Methods.  We collected confirmed and probable cases of Lyme disease from 2000 through 2014 from the Virginia Department of Health and North Carolina Department of Public Health and entered them in a geographic information system. We performed spatial and spatiotemporal cluster analyses to characterize Lyme disease expansion.
Results.  There was a marked increase in Lyme disease cases in Virginia, particularly from 2007 onwards. Northern Virginia experienced intensification and geographic expansion of Lyme disease cases. The most notable area of expansion was to the southwest along the Appalachian Mountains with development of a new disease cluster in the southern Virginia mountain region.
Conclusions.  The geographic distribution of Lyme disease cases significantly expanded in Virginia between 2000 and 2014, particularly southward in the Virginia mountain ranges. If these trends continue, North Carolina can expect autochthonous Lyme disease transmission in its mountain region in the coming years.
Survival after Perioperative Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Kalkman Shona , Hooft Lotty , Meijerman Johanne M. , Knape Johannes T. A. , van Delden Johannes J. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstract
Automatic suspension of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders during general anesthesia does not sufficiently address a patient’s right to self-determination and is a practice still observed among anesthesiologists today. To provide an evidence base for ethical management of DNR orders during anesthesia and surgery, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature to quantify the survival after perioperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Results show that the probability of surviving perioperative CPR ranged from 32.0 to 55.7% when measured within the first 24 h after arrest with a neurologically favorable outcome expectancy between 45.3 and 66.8% at follow-up, which suggests a viable survival of approximately 25%. Because CPR generally proves successful in less than 15% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, the altered outcome probabilities that the conditions in the operating room bring on warrant reevaluation of DNR orders during the perioperative period. By preoperatively communicating the evidence to patients, they can make better informed decisions while reducing the level of moral distress that anesthesiologists may experience when certain patients decide to retain their DNR orders.
The probability of surviving perioperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation is at least twice as high as in other settings, warranting reevaluation of do-not-resuscitate orders during the perioperative period in a preoperative conversation with the patient.
Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Arnon Ronen , Annunziato Rachel A. , D’Amelio Guiseppe , Chu Jaime , Shneider Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Liver transplantation (LT) in children with biliary atresia (BA) is often performed because of poor bile drainage, complications of biliary cirrhosis, or recurrent cholangitis. Poor bile drainage after a Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy is the primary driver for LT in infancy. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of first isolated liver transplantation for infants with BA who underwent transplant before 2 years of age (transplanted at infancy [TAI]) with children transplanted later in life (age 2–<18 years = transplanted at childhood [TAC]).Methods:Children with BA who underwent LT between 2002 and 2012 were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research data set files.Results:A total of 1818 children underwent first isolated liver transplantation for BA (TAI 1408 [77.4%]; TAC 410 [22.6%]). One and 5‐year patient survival of the TAI and TAC patients was 95.2%, 93.8%, and 97.8 %, 97.1%, respectively (P < 0.01 for both periods). One and 5‐year graft survival of the TAI and TAC patients was 87.6%, 84.6 % and 93.2%, 90.7%, respectively (P < 0.01 for both periods). Removal from the waitlist for disease progression or death was significantly higher for TAI compared with TAC (120 patients [6.3%] vs 21 [3.7%], P = 0.02). Cold ischemic time was found to be the prognostic factor for death after LT in TAI, whereas being on life support was a poor prognostic factor in TAC by multivariate risk factor analysis.Conclusions:The vast majority of transplants for BA occur in children <2 years of age. Younger patients with BA had significantly higher waitlist and posttransplant mortality. Given the consistently poorer outcomes, there is an urgent need to find methods to improve bile drainage after the Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Positioning for Lumbar Puncture in Young Infants
Authors: Hanson Amy L. , Schunk Jeff E. , Corneli Howard M. , Soprano Joyce V. 
Published: September 2015

Objective
The lateral and sitting positions are those most widely used to perform lumbar puncture (LP) in infants. This study sought to compare LP success rates by position. Secondary outcomes were successful LP on the first attempt and rates of procedural complications.

Methods
Infants aged 1 to 90 days undergoing LP in our pediatric emergency department between June 1, 2012 and October 31, 2013 were randomized to 1 position or the other. Successful LP was defined as collection of cerebrospinal fluid with a red blood cell count of less than 10,000 cells/mm3 on either of the first 2 attempts. Electronic medical records were reviewed for patient information, cerebrospinal fluid results, and procedural complications. Providers completed a questionnaire detailing their previous LP experience and technique. Primary results were analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle.

Results
We enrolled 168 infants. Of 167 with data eligible for analysis, 82 (49%) were randomized to the lateral position. There was no statistically significant difference in LP success rate between the lateral (77%, 63/82) and sitting (72%, 61/85) positions (difference, 5.1%; 95% confidence interval, −8.2%–18.3%). There were no significant differences in success on the first LP attempt or the rates of procedural complications.

Conclusions
Among infants 1 to 90 days of age, this study found no difference in LP success between the lateral and sitting positions.
Cryptococcus gattii: immunological and microbiological study in a patient with neurocryptococcosis
Authors: de Moraes Vasconcelos Dewton , Domingues-Ferreira Maurício , Soares Maria Cecília Pereira , dos Anjos Martins Marilena , de Almeida Bezerra Thiago , Paula Claudete Rodrigues , Auler Marcos Ereno 
Published: September 2015

Introduction:
Cryptococcal meningitis is a disease that remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. This report describes the importance of conducting a detailed clinical investigation and the treatment challenges in cases of meningitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii. In recent years this species has received considerable interest due to its increased emergence and virulence.

Case presentation:
A patient with apparent good health (a fitness practitioner) showed symptoms including intermittent headache that became more intense and frequent when he began experiencing nausea, vomiting, dizziness and temporal headache without nuchal rigidity. The patient had human immunodeficiency virus-negative serology and had no chronic disease. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid was performed and cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry evidenced the presence of an anomalous lymphoid population. RFLP analysis of the URA5 gene indicated Cryptococcus gattii genotype VGII and considerable virulence was observed for the isolated strain.

Conclusion:
This case suggests the importance of a detailed investigation in patients who apparently have a competent immune system with meningitis caused by Cryptococcus spp., particularly C. gattii.
Knowledge-intensive process management: a case study from the public sector
Authors: Manfreda Anton , Buh Brina , Indihar Štemberger Mojca 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– There is very little literature about improving and managing knowledge-intensive business processes (KIBPs). Since innovation plays an important role in knowledge work, these processes are different from traditional business processes, for which most business process management (BPM) methods have been developed, and therefore KIBPs should be improved differently. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of BPM in the case of KIBPs by describing some methods that can be applied to manage and improve KIBPs.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents a case study of a BPM project in the public sector, where most processes are knowledge-intensive. In conducting the longitudinal case study, established guidelines for interpretive case study research were followed. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected.

Findings
– The paper presents some findings about the methods that can be applied for BPM in the case of KIBPs. It shows that the main phases of a BPM project can be the same as in a typical project; however, within each project phase different methods have to be applied. Appropriate methods for modelling the existing processes were workshops and interviews. Qualitative methods were suitable for the analysis phase, while it was not necessary to develop detailed to-be models in the business process redesign phase.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to the body of knowledge on BPM in the case of KIBPs. Previous findings from the literature claiming that participative, incremental and continuous methods are suitable for improving KIBPs were confirmed. The case study also showed that proper project management, communication, the active role of top management and the involvement of external consultants during BPM projects are very important.
General managers’ environmental commitment and environmental involvement of lodging companies
Authors: Kim Hyun Jeong , Park Jeongdoo , Wen Ji 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test links from hotel general managers’ (GMs’) environmental commitment to hotel companies’ environmental management capabilities and then to hotel companies’ involvement in environmental practices. The secondary goal of this study is to identify the common, critical environmental management capabilities in the lodging business context.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 172 GMs, working for hotels affiliated with two state lodging associations located in the northwest region of the USA, participated in this study. GMs’ responses were gathered via an online survey. The structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model.Findings– The results show that GMs’ environmental commitment affects their firms’ involvement in environmental practices both directly (GMs’ commitment and firms’ involvement) and indirectly via firms’ environmental management capabilities (GMs’ commitment, firms’ capabilities and firms’ involvement). The five common, critical hotel environmental management capabilities are identified: employee training, communicating environmental initiatives to guests, knowledge and skills to implement environmental practices, capital to invest in environmental management and support from employees.Practical implications– The hotel industry-specific environmental management capabilities enhance hotel practitioners’ understanding of the critical components for the success of hotel environmental programs and assist GMs to effectively prepare and operate their hotels’ environmental initiatives.Originality/value– This study demonstrates the essential role of individual actors, specifically hotel GMs, in firms’ environmental involvement, and advances our understanding of hotel environmental management in hospitality literature.
How online search behavior is influenced by user-generated content on review websites and hotel interactive websites
Authors: Herrero Ángel , San Martín Héctor , Hernández José  M. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to advance in research on consumer psychology of hospitality, since it investigates how online search behavior of users (particularly, information search and choice) is influenced by the opinions of other people in a new context characterized by the generalized use of Web 2.0 applications.

Design/methodology/approach
– Empirical research was carried out in the hotel sector in Iberian Peninsula, where two Web 2.0 applications are especially relevant for users: the review Web sites and the hotel interactive Web sites. A qualitative method (in-depth interviews with hotel managers) and a quantitative technique (personal surveys to a sample of 830 users) were used to conduct this research.

Findings
– The results indicates that the perceived influence on behavior of the user-generated content on these Web 2.0 applications is determined, in both cases, by the value of the information, the credibility of the sources and the degree of similarity between the user and the creators of content.

Practical implications
– Firms should have an active presence in the review Web sites and the hotel interactive Web sites, and use these platforms for market research and communication. Firms should engage users to post content, support their credibility and facilitate the evaluation of the content generators’ similarity.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first study in the hospitality literature that develops and empirically tests an integrative model explaining the perceived influence on behavior of user-generated content on Web 2.0 applications.
Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism: a review and journal preferences
Authors: Leung Xi Yu , Xue Lan , Bai Billy 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to provide a progress review of published Internet marketing research within the top eight hospitality and tourism journals and to provide suggestions on future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study collected 331 Internet marketing-related articles published in the top eight hospitality and tourism journals during the period of 1996-2013. Using content analysis, the study analyzed and discussed research topics, research methods and industry sectors of selected articles. The study period was broken into three sub-periods and used correspondence analysis (CA) to examine the significant changes of topical areas over time. A follow-up CA was conducted to compare the topical and methodological preferences of the selected eight journals.

Findings
– In all, 5-category and 27-subcategory classifications of research topics were identified in the study. The two-dimensional perceptual map indicates that Internet marketing research in the hospitality and tourism fields experienced introduction, growth and maturity stages. The research focus changed from business perspective to customer perspective and then to both business and customer perspectives. The eight top hospitality and tourism journals were grouped into four journal sets that share similar article characteristics and preferences.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to the sample size, the classifications and trends generated in this study may not be generalized to all Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism disciplines. The process of identifying topic and method categories might be biased, especially in identifying new topics. Future research may apply CA method in literature review studies on other research topics.

Practical implications
– The study analyzed published research in Internet marketing in the hospitality and tourism fields and provided topical and methodological recommendations to academia for future research. This study may also give hospitality managers new insights into Internet marketing applications in the industry.

Originality/value
– This study is one of the few attempts to provide a comprehensive review of Internet marketing research in the hospitality and tourism fields. This study uses CA in literature review study, opening up a new way to easily analyze and visually display the literature trends. This study also creatively compared the publication preferences among eight top-tier hospitality and tourism journals using correspondence analysis.
Understanding the normative expectations of customers toward Buddhism-themed hotels
Authors: Hung Kam , Wang Sha , Tang Chaohua 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– This study aims to understand the normative expectations of travelers on the services and experiences provided by Buddhism-themed hotels as well as how service providers perceive such expectations. The growth of religion-themed hotels in China follows a larger and more generalized global marketing trend in terms of providing tourists and consumers with “themed” experiences.Design/methodology/approach– Using the service quality model, this study investigates these expectations of Buddhism-themed hotels in China. The Delphi method was used with two expert panels, namely, travelers and tourism/hotel practitioners. Preliminary interviews revealed 98 normative expectations from Buddhism-themed hotels. Two sets of Delphi questionnaires were used to compare tourist expectations with practitioner perceptions.Findings– Results show a wide range of expectations of travelers staying in Buddhism-themed hotels. They also reveal how the expectations of the two groups aligned as well as differed.Research limitations/implications– This study extends the application of the service quality model to the context of religion-themed hotels. As this study adopted the Delphi technique through criterion sampling, future studies should use a larger random sample to verify the results of this study.Practical implications– The results help religion-themed hoteliers to understand their customer expectations better.Originality/value– Given the lack of studies on religion-themed hotels, especially on the gap between tourist expectations and service providers’ perceptions, this study is a timely contribution to improve the understanding on the needs and expectations of customers when visiting religion-themed hotels.