bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the different strategies to oral cancer knowledge: a randomized controlled study
Authors: López‐Jornet Pia , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Miñano Francisco Molina , Sanchez‐Siles Mariano 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesOral cavity and pharyngeal cancer has been well recognized as a public health problem. Prognosis for oral cancer is substantially improved when diagnosed early. A study was made of the impact of different educational strategies upon knowledge of oral cancer, evaluating the intervention after 4 weeks.MethodsNinety subjects over 40 years of age were consecutively included and randomized to three different groups (video, leaflet, verbal information). All subjects completed a 20‐item pre‐test on their knowledge of the risk factors, signs, and symptoms of oral cancer, and posteriorly received the video, leaflet, or verbal information, with evaluation of the results after 4 weeks.ResultsIn relation to the items correctly answered at baseline, all subjects showed an increase in knowledge score after 4 weeks: verbal information 4.77 ± 3.31, leaflets 4.53 ± 3.44, and video 3.67 ± 3.31 – no statistically significant differences being observed for any of the three strategies.ConclusionThe oral cancer knowledge score increased following the educational intervention, which proved successful over the short term. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination of silicon gas phase nucleation using tetrafluorosilane (SiF4) precursor for high quality thick silicon carbide (SiC) homoepitaxy
Authors: Rana T. , Chandrashekhar M. V. S. , Sudarshan T. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTetrafluorosilane (SiF4) gas precursor is utilized to eliminate Si gas phase nucleation and Si parasitic deposition during silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial growth, otherwise unachievable in similar growth conditions using conventional silane (SiH4) and dichlorosilane (SiCl2H2/DCS) precursors. Higher SiF bond strength (565 kJ mol−1) in SiF4 prevents early gas decomposition and Si cluster formation, essential for high temperature SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and yet enables growth of high quality epitaxy in an improved particulate suppressed growth condition. High quality, thick 4H‐SiC epilayers >100 µm have been demonstrated using SiF4 with excellent surface morphology, polytype uniformity, crystallinity and low defect density. magnified imageSignificant (80%) suppression of parasitic deposition (left) using SiF4 reduces particulate generation during growth, and improves the epilayer quality (right).
Ab initio modelling of boron related defects in amorphous silicon
Authors: Oliveira Tiago A. , Torres Vítor J.B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe have modeled boron related point defects in amorphous silicon, using an ab initio method, the Density functional theory‐pseudopotential code Aimpro. The boron atoms were embedded in 64 atom amorphous silicon cubic supercells. The calculations were performed using boron defects in 15 different supercells. These supercells were developed using a modified Wooten‐Winer‐Weaire bond switching mechanism. In average, the properties of the 15 supercells agree with the observed radial and bond angle distributions, as well the electronic and vibrational density of states and Raman spectra. In amorphous silicon it has been very hard to find real self‐interstitials, since for almost all the tested configurations, the amorphous lattice relaxes overall. We found that substitutional boron prefers to be 4‐fold coordinated. We find also an intrinsic hole‐trap in the non‐doped amorphous lattice, which may explain the low efficiency of boron doping. The local vibrational modes are, in average, higher than the correspondent crystalline values (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanical grooving of oxidized porous silicon to reduce the reflectivity of monocrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Zarroug A. , Dimassi W. , Ouertani R. , Ezzaouia H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, we are interested to use oxidized porous silicon (ox–PS) as a mask. So, we display the creating of a rough surface which enhances the absorption of incident light by solar cells and reduces the reflectivity of monocrystalline silicon (c–Si). It clearly can be seen that the mechanical grooving enables us to elaborate the texturing of monocrystalline silicon wafer. Results demonstrated that the application of a PS layer followed by a thermal treatment under O2 ambient easily gives us an oxide layer of uniform size which can vary from a nanometer to about ten microns. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy investigations of the PS layer illustrates the possibility to realize oxide layer as a mask for porous silicon. We found also that this simple and low cost method decreases the total reflectivity (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐step synthesis of a highly conductive graphene–polypyrrole nanofiber composite using a redox reaction and its use in gas sensors
Authors: Tien Huynh Ngoc , Hur Seung Hyun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polypyrrole (PPY) nanofiber composite was fabricated using a one‐step redox reaction under UV illumination at room temperature. Graphite oxide (GO) was effectively reduced to RGO without any chemical agent during the formation of the polypyrrole nanofibers. The RGO–PPY nanofiber composite showed four times higher NO2 sensitivity than that of RGO alone. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A route to ultrathin quantum gases at polar perovskite heterointerfaces
Authors: Nazir S. , Schwingenschlögl U. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOxide interfaces are attracting interest in recent years due to special functionalities of two‐dimensional quantum gases. However, with typical thicknesses of at least 10–12 Å the gases still extend considerably in the third dimension, which compromises the size of quantum effects. To overcome this limitation, we propose incorporation of highly electronegative cations, such as Ag. By ab initio calculations, we demonstrate the formation of a mobile two‐dimensional hole gas in AgNbO3/SrTiO3 that is confined to an ultrathin slab of only 5.6 Å thickness. Electronegative cations therefore are a promising way to enhance the quantum nature of hole gases. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry with collision‐induced dissociation for structural analysis of synthetic cannabinoids
Authors: Musah Rabi A. , Domin Marek A. , Cody Robert B. , Lesiak Ashton D. , John Dane A. , Shepard Jason R. E. 
Published: September 2012

RATIONALEThe emergence of numerous cannabinoid designer drugs has been tied to large spikes in emergency room visits and overdoses. Identifying these substances is difficult for the following reasons: (1) the compounds are novel, closely structurally related, and do not usually test positive in drug screens; (2) novel analogs rapidly appear on the market; (3) no standard protocols exist for their identification; and (4) customized and extensive sample preparation/extraction and analysis procedures are required to demonstrate their presence.METHODSDirect analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) employing collision‐induced dissociation (CID) provided confirmatory structural information that was useful in characterizing the various cannabinoid analogs, including those contained in mixtures. CID analysis illustrated that, although closely related compounds fragment in a similar fashion, their structural differences still resulted in multiple diagnostic peaks that provided additional confidence towards structural identification.RESULTSDART‐MS spectra were acquired under CID conditions to rapidly differentiate among five synthetic cannabinoids contained within 'herbal' products purchased locally in New York State (USA). The spectra exhibited [M+H]+ ions and product ions unique to each cannabinoid that corresponded to major structural features. Five different cannabinoid analogs, alone and as mixtures of at least two cannabinoids, were identified in six herbal products and differentiated by their CID product ion patterns.CONCLUSIONSIllicit synthetic cannabinoid products continue to be readily available despite national and international restrictions. These products contain a wide range of active components, and, in many cases, multiple active ingredients. DART‐MS allows rapid analyses of these synthetic cannabinoids based on the exact masses of their [M+H]+ ions and product ion peaks generated using CID. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maxillary sinus augmentation using computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology
Authors: Mangano F. , Zecca P. , Pozzi‐Taubert S. , Macchi A. , Ricci M. , Luongo G. , Mangano C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMaxillary sinus augmentation is a common method for increasing bone height for insertion of dental implants. In most cases, the graft is manually cut into a roughly appropriate shape by visual estimation during the operation; accordingly, the shape of the graft depends considerably on the experience of the surgeon. We have developed a computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique to generate custom‐made block grafts for sinus augmentation, and a customized cutting guide to precisely position the lateral wall and facilitate membrane elevation, using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsCustom‐made blocks of hydroxyapatite (HA) were preoperatively cut to the required shape, based on a three‐dimensional (3D) simulation, using CAD/CAM technology. The custom‐made HA blocks were used for sinus augmentation.ResultsFive patients underwent bilateral sinus elevation with custom‐made HA blocks. Six months later, implants were placed. Two years after placement, all implants were in function. No clinical or prosthetic complications were encountered.ConclusionsWe present a CAD/CAM technique for the fabrication of custom‐made block grafts for sinus augmentation.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust control approach for input–output linearizable nonlinear systems using high‐gain disturbance observer
Authors: Liu Yan , Söffker Dirk 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses a robust control approach for a class of input–output linearizable nonlinear systems with uncertainties and modeling errors considered as unknown inputs. As known, the exact feedback linearization method can be applied to control input–output linearizable nonlinear systems, if all the states are available and modeling errors are negligible. The mentioned two prerequisites denote important problems in the field of classical nonlinear control. The solution approach developed in this contribution is using disturbance rejection by applying feedback of the uncertainties and modeling errors estimated by a specific high‐gain disturbance observer as unknown inputs. At the same time, the nonmeasured states can be calculated from the estimation of the transformed system states. The feasibility and conditions for the application of the approach on mechanical systems are discussed. A nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output mechanical system is taken as a simulation example to illustrate the application. The results show the robustness of the control design and plausible estimations of full‐rank disturbances.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noise Variance Estimation Using Image Noise Cross‐Correlation Model on SEM Images
Authors: Sim K. S. , Nia M. E. , Tso C. P. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryA number of techniques have been proposed during the last three decades for noise variance and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) estimation in digital images. While some methods have shown reliability and accuracy in SNR and noise variance estimations, other methods are dependent on the nature of the images and perform well on a limited number of image types. In this article, we prove the accuracy and the efficiency of the image noise cross‐correlation estimation model, vs. other existing estimators, when applied to different types of scanning electron microscope images. SCANNING 35: 205‐212, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐reported Racial Discrimination and Endothelial Reactivity to Acute Stress in Women
Authors: Wagner Julie A. , Tennen Howard , Finan Patrick H. , Ghuman Nimrta , Burg Matthew M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of self‐reported racial discrimination on endothelial responses to acute laboratory mental stress among post‐menopausal women. One‐hundred thirteen women (n = 94 self‐identified as White and n = 19 self‐identified as racial/ethnic minority), 43% with type 2 diabetes, reported lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination. Repeated assessments of flow‐mediated dilation were performed at baseline, immediately after 5 min of mental arithmetic and at 20‐min recovery. Both White and racial/ethnic minority women reported lifetime discrimination, with rates significantly higher among minorities. Self‐reported lifetime discrimination was associated with attenuated flow‐mediated dilation at recovery. Confounding variables, including clinical characteristics, mood, personality traits, other life stressors and general distress, did not better account for the effect of racial discrimination. Neither race/ethnicity nor diabetes status moderated the effect. The perceived stressfulness of the mental arithmetic was not associated with the endothelial response. In conclusion, self‐reported lifetime discrimination is associated with attenuated endothelial recovery from acute mental stress. Elucidating the effects of discrimination and the biological mechanisms through which it affects the vasculature may suggest interventions to improve health. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Manganese Ferrite/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Peng Erwin , Choo Eugene Shi Guang , Chandrasekharan Prashant , Yang Chang‐Tong , Ding Jun , Chuang Kai‐Hsiang , Xue Jun Min 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, MnFe2O4 nanoparticle (MFNP)‐decorated graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGONCs) are prepared through a simple mini‐emulsion and solvent evaporation process. It is demonstrated that the loading of magnetic nanocrystals can be tuned by varying the ratio of graphene oxide/magnetic nanoparticles. On top of that, the hydrodynamic size range of the obtained nanocomposites can be optimized by varying the sonication time during the emulsion process. By fine‐tuning the sonication time, MGONCs as small as 56.8 ± 1.1 nm, 55.0 ± 0.6 nm and 56.2 ± 0.4 nm loaded with 6 nm, 11 nm, and 14 nm MFNPs, respectively, are successfully fabricated. In order to improve the colloidal stability of MGONCs in physiological solutions (e.g., phosphate buffered saline or PBS solution), MGONCs are further conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Heating by exposing MGONCs samples to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) show that the obtained nanocomposites are efficient hyperthermia agents. At concentrations as low as 0.1 mg Fe mL−1 and under an 59.99 kA m−1 field, the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) recorded is 1588.83 W g−1 for MGONCs loaded with 14 nm MFNPs. It is also demonstrated that MGONCs are promising as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 contrast agents. A T2 relaxivity value (r2) as high as 256.2 (mM Fe)−1 s−1 could be achieved with MGONCs loaded with 14 nm MFNPs. The cytotoxicity results show that PEGylated MGONCs exhibit an excellent biocompatibility that is suitable for biomedical applications.
Polymersomes Containing a Hydrogel Network for High Stability and Controlled Release
Authors: Kim Shin‐Hyun , Kim Jin Woong , Kim Do‐Hoon , Han Sang‐Hoon , Weitz David A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCapillary microfluidic devices are used to prepare monodisperse polymersomes consisting of a hydrogel core and a bilayer membrane of amphiphilic diblock‐copolymers. To make polymersomes, water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double‐emulsion drops are prepared as templates through single‐step emulsification in a capillary microfluidic device. The amphiphile‐laden middle oil phase of the double‐emulsion drop dewets from the surface of the innermost water drop, which contains hydrogel prepolymers; this dewetting leads to the formation of a bilayer membrane. Subsequently, the oil phase completely separates from the innermost water drop, leaving a polymersome. Upon UV illumination of the polymersome, the prepolymers encapsulated within the interior are crosslinked, forming a hydrogel core. The hydrogel network within the polymersomes facilitates sustained release of the encapsulated materials and increases the stability of the polymersomes through the formation of a scaffold to support the bilayer. In addition, this approach provides a facile method to make monodisperse hydrogel particles directly dispersed in water.
ROCK1 Inhibition Promotes the Self-Renewal of a Novel Mouse Mammary Cancer Stem Cell
Authors: Castro David J. , Maurer Jochen , Hebbard Lionel , Oshima Robert G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The differentiation of stem-like tumor cells may contribute to the cellular heterogeneity of breast cancers. We report the propagation of highly enriched mouse mammary cancer stem cells that retain the potential to differentiate both in vivo and in culture and their use to identify chemical compounds that influence both self-renewal and differentiation. We identify epithelial tumor-initiating cells (ETICs) that express lineage markers of both basal and luminal mammary cell lineages and retain the potential, from even single cells, to generate heterogeneous tumors similar to the tumor of origin. ETICs can progress through a Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 dependent, epithelial to mesenchymal transition to generate mesenchymal tumor-initiating cells capable of initiating tumors of limited heterogeneity. The propagation of ETICs may allow for the identification of new therapeutic compounds that may inhibit or prevent progression of some types of breast cancer.
Combining CdTe and Si detectors for Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Redus R. , Huber A. , Pantazis T. , Pantazis J. , Cross B. 
Published: September 2012

Most energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) instruments use Si diodes as X‐ray detectors. These provide very high energy resolution, but their sensitivity falls off at energies of 10–20 keV. They are well suited for measuring the K lines of elements with Z < 40, but for heavier elements, one must use K lines at low efficiency or use L or M lines that often overlap other lines. Either is a challenge for accurate quantitative analysis. CdTe detectors offer much higher efficiency at high energy but poorer energy resolution compared with Si diodes.In many important EDXRF measurements, both high and low Z elements are present. In this paper, we will compare the precision and accuracy of systems using the following: (1) a high resolution Si detector, (2) a high efficiency CdTe detector, and (3) a composite system using both detectors. We will show that CdTe detectors generally offer better analytical results than even a high resolution silicon drift detectors for K lines greater than 20 or 25 keV, whereas the high resolution Si detectors are much better at lower energies. We will also show the advantages of a combined system, using both detectors. Although a combined system would be more expensive, the increased accuracy, precision, and throughput will often outweigh the small increase in cost and complexity. The systems will be compared for representative applications that include both high and low Z elements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Figure of merit for spectrometers for EDXRF
Authors: Redus R. , Huber A. 
Published: September 2012

How should one select the best detector for a particular measurement in energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF)? How should one select the optimum system configuration, i.e. the best shaping time and beam current? Manufacturers provide a variety of specifications, such as energy resolution and maximum count rate, but these are indirectly related to the end use of an EDXRF instrument, the measurement and detection limit of the measured elemental concentrations.We suggest in this paper using the time required to achieve a given statistical uncertainty as a figure of merit. We derive scaling rules for this figure of merit based on conventional specifications, including energy resolution, peaking time, maximum count rate, detector area, and intrinsic efficiency. These scaling rules also include the peak to background ratio of a photopeak and the number of overlapping peaks. We then show how this figure of merit can be used to select the optimum detector and spectrometer configuration for specific applications and compare the results to data obtained with typical systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercalation of Sulfanilic Acid‐Phenol‐Formaldehyde Polycondensate into Hydrocalumite Type Layered Double ­Hydroxide
Authors: Zou Nan , Plank Johann 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolycondensates containing sulfonate groups, referred to as concrete superplasticizers, are widely used in the construction industry. A sulfanilic acid–phenol–formaldehyde polycondensate (SPF) with Mw ≈ 100.000 g·mol–1 was synthesized from sulfanilic acid, phenol and formaldehyde by polycondensation reaction, and its intercalation into hydrocalumite type Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) was investigated. Preparation was done by rehydration of tricalcium aluminate, a cement constituent, in the presence of the polymer. According to the XRD pattern, SPF was successfully intercalated. A d value of approx. 2.6 nm was found. Elemental composition of the new organo‐mineral phase reveals charge balancing of the cationic LDH main layers by the polycondensate. Thermogravimetry indicates that thermal degradation of intercalated SPF occurs at higher temperature, compared to non‐intercalated SPF. According to SEM imaging, the novel Ca‐Al‐LDH phase exhibits the morphology of intergrown platelets. Ultra‐thin nanosheets (foils) with approx. 50 nm thickness were obtained. The layered structure and d value obtained from diffraction analysis were confirmed by TEM imaging. The new hydride can be used as cement and concrete additive.
Copper‐Rich Framework Selenoarsenates Based on Icosahedral Cu8Se13 Clusters
Authors: Zhang Ren‐Chun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Dao‐Jun , Wang Jun‐Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Fei , Ji Min , An Yong‐Lin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThree copper‐rich framework selenoarsenates, (H2en)1.5[Cu8(μ8‐Se)(AsSe4)6/2] (1), (H2dap)1.5[Cu8(μ8‐Se)(AsSe4)6/2] (2), and Na2(H2dap)0.5[Cu8(μ8‐Se)(AsSe4)6/2] (3), were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. These three compounds are isostructural and contain a 3D Cu‐As‐Se framework constructed from novel icosahedral Cu8Se13 clusters linked by As5+, with counterions located in the cavities. The icosahedral Cu8Se13 clusters represent the first icosahedral Cu‐Se unit found in 3D framework chalcogenides, and contain an unusual μ8‐cubic bridging Se2– ion at the core site. The covalent 3D Cu‐As‐Se framework is rigid and not sensitive to the shape and charge density of counterions.