bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time plasma equilibrium reconstruction and shape control for the MAST Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Anand H. , Wehner W. , Eldon D. , Welander A. , Xing Z. , Lvovskiy A. , Barr J. , Cho E. , Sammuli B. , Humphreys D. , Eidietis N. , Leonard A. , Kochan M. , Vincent C. , McArdle G. , Cunningham G. , Thornton A. , Harrison J. , Soukhanovskii V. , Lovell J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Real-time magnetic control has been developed to deliver precise control of multiple plasma shape parameters for advanced divertor configurations, including double-null, Super-X, X-point target and X-divertor for the first time on the MAST Upgrade (MAST-U) spherical tokamak. Successful real-time magnetic equilibrium control of different plasma shape variables has been accomplished in the 2022–2023 MAST-U experimental campaign for the advanced MAST-U divertor configurations. Application of the MAST-U boundary reconstruction algorithm, LEMUR, is described and compared with off-line equilibrium reconstruction and diagnostic measurements. The process of design and verification of the axisymmetric magnetic control schemes using a suite of control analysis tools (known collectively as TokSys) is also described.
The impact of monsoon on the landfalling tropical cyclone persistent precipitation in South China
Authors: He Lunkai , Li Qinglan , Wu Liguang , Ge Xuyang , Liu Chunxia , Li Guangxin , Zhang Jiali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interactions between landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) and monsoons in South China significantly influence precipitation duration, leading to severe disasters. Previous studies have primarily been individual cases, lacking systematic large-scale statistical analysis of the monsoon and landfalling tropical cyclone persistent precipitation (LTCPP) relationship. This study quantitatively investigated the relationship between monsoonal wind intensity before TCs landfall and post-landfall persistent precipitation induced by TCs in South China, employing the ERA5 reanalysis data and the best track data of 147 TCs from 1979 to 2018. The LTCPP was characterized by the frequency of persistent precipitation events during 0–72 h after TC landfall within a 500 km radius from the TC center. TCs were subdivided into weak and strong LTCPP groups based on the category-specific median of Frequency of 24 h Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Persistent Precipitation (FLTCPP24): 2705 h for TS, 6007 h for STS, and 6419 h for TY. A South China Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Monsoon Index (SCTCPM) was proposed to quantify monsoonal wind intensity derived from zonal winds at 850 hPa over two regions located in the Indian Ocean and Northwestern Pacific Ocean, within 5 d before TC landfall. The results reveal that SCTCPM < 9 m s−1 yields a 72% probability of weak LTCPP occurrence, which increases to 77% when SCTCPM < 6 m s−1. Conversely, SCTCPM > 18 m s−1 corresponds to an 80% probability of strong LTCPP. SCTCPM is an effective indicator for monsoonal wind that impacts LTCPP. Enhanced monsoonal winds, quantified by higher SCTCPM, result in post-landfall changes in horizontal wind speed, moisture transport, convective activity and upward motion, ultimately increasing LTCPP. This study deepens our understanding of the monsoon-TC relationship, emphasizing the crucial role of monsoonal wind in LTCPP in South China and offering valuable insights for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.
Group theoretical classification of SIC-POVMs
Authors: Samuel S B , Gedik Z 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Symmetric Informationally Complete Positive Operator-Valued Measures (SIC-POVMs) are known to exist in all dimensions

⩽

151 and many larger dimensions as high as

39

604

. All known solutions with the exception of the Hoggar solutions are covariant with respect to the Weyl-Heisenberg group and in the case of dimension 3, it has been proven that all SIC-POVMs are Weyl-Heisenberg group covariant. In this work, we explore this by SIC-POVMs in dimensions 4–7 without the assumption of group covariance. We introduce two functions with which SIC-POVM Gram matrices can be generated without the group covariance constraint, and analytically show that the SIC-POVM Gram matrices exist on critical points of the surfaces defined by the two functions on a subspace of Hermitian matrices. In dimensions 4–7, all known SIC-POVM Gram matrices lie in disjoint continuous sets of solution. Thus, we define an equivalent class that relates Gram matrices based on the trivial symmetries of the two functions. In dimensions 4–7, we generated

{
1.7
×

10
6

,
1.1
×

10
5

,
169
,
50
}

Gram matrices, respectively. For each of the Gram matrices, we generate the symmetry group of their respective disjoint sets. In all cases, the symmetry group was isomorphic to a subgroup of the Clifford group containing the Weyl-Heisenberg group matrices and the order-3 unitaries. In dimensions 4–6, All constructed solutions belonged to a single equivalence class of Gram matrices whereas in dimension 7, we find two distinct families of SIC-POVMs. In dimensions 4 and 5, the absence of new classes of SIC-POVM strongly suggests that the functions do not have a non-trivial symmetry. Furthermore, in all the dimensions tested, the only equivalence classes found correspond to the distinct stabilizers of fiducial vectors of each dimension.
Mechanism analysis and application of multi-dimensional single potential well stochastic resonance system
Authors: Xiao Qiumei , Yu Wenxin , Liu Meiting 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Currently, the focus of stochastic resonance (SR) research is primarily on bistable systems, and classical bistable SR systems have the problems of low dimension, inconvenient parameter adjustment, and high threshold for SR effects. In this paper, based on the classic bistable system, a class of multi-dimensional single potential well SR systems without transition threshold is proposed and applied to signal processing. Firstly, the mechanism of double potential well SR and single potential well SR is studied. On this basis, a kind of multi-dimensional single potential well SR system is defined and its theoretical conditions are analyzed. Then a specific four-dimensional single potential well SR system is constructed, and the dynamics of the system is analyzed. The gain range and the approximate relationship between the system input and the four-dimensional output are derived. Finally, the four-dimensional single potential well SR system is applied to the processing of various signals. The experimental results show that the constructed system has good noise reduction and feature amplification effects on noisy signals through the advantages of multi-dimensional output, and can be used to highlight the fault feature frequency in bearing fault signals.
Semi-Rigid Behaviour of Multi-Storey Stainless Steel Structural Frames using Continuum Damage Mechanics
Authors: Deshpande A A , Dawari B M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present study deals with the semi-rigid behaviour of stainless steel structural frames due to the effect of initial voids present in the microscopic structure of stainless steel. Non-Linear Finite Element analysis of stainless steel beam-column double web-angle connections is carried out considering the effect of damage on the material behaviour. The non-linear analysis becomes useful for finding out the moment carrying capacity of a joint. Using the results of the stiffness analysis, multi-storied stainless steel structural frames are analyzed and the redistribution of moments of these joints is studied using a commercial software package. The joints are provided with the secant stiffness which is obtained from the moment-rotation curves considering the effect of ductile damage.
Active Vibration Control of Frame Structure by using Piezoelectric Actuation.
Authors: Biswas Ankan , Hazra Abhishek , Roy Goutam , Pohit Goutam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Active vibration control involves applying force actively in a way that is opposite and equivalent to the forces that are present due to vibration. Often vibration causes large displacements to structures which lead to catastrophic failure. Therefore the research in the control of the large displacements of the structure due to vibration is an essential part of mechanics. In the present work a plane frame structure is modeled in ABAQUS CAE to perform linear finite element analysis (FEA). The mesh convergence study is performed to obtain the suitable meshing type and the approximate global size. The frame is vibrated by applying a sinusoidal cyclic load and the maximum displacements in addition to the response in terms of displacement-time are obtained. At the next step the lateral elements of the frame are bonded with piezoelectric strips and the piezoelectric strips are actuated by applying external voltage. The effect of simultaneous application of voltage on piezoelectric strip and the external sinusoidal dynamic force is deliberated in terms of the maximum displacement, deformed shape of the frame and the displacement-time response. The results obtained with and without the applications of piezoelectric actuation are carefully compared. The comparison shows a considerable reduction in maximum displacements as well as better stability of the structure.
Seismic response of base-isolated buildings under near-field and far-field earthquakes considering SSI
Authors: Ghosh S K , Das D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A numerical analysis is conducted to study the seismic response of a base-isolated building frame considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) under the influence of far-field and near-field earthquakes. A twenty-story building frame with lead rubber bearing as the base isolation (BI) system and a set of seven earthquake records was chosen for the study. The effect of SSI is incorporated by taking into account four distinct soil types: very soft, soft, medium, and dense. Further, four different combinations of bases (i.e., fixed base with/without SSI and BI with/without SSI) are considered to study, and the seismic responses of the building with these combinations are compared. The study focuses on roof acceleration and base-isolation layer displacement as the key response parameters. The numerical results indicate that the seismic responses of base-isolated buildings considering SSI are considerably higher under the effect of near-field earthquakes. In addition, the inclusion of SSI in base-isolated building reduces its effectiveness in terms of roof acceleration reduction in softer soil conditions under both near-field and far-field ground motions; however, the BI system works efficiently in building in terms of isolator displacement, especially in softer soil conditions under near-field earthquakes.
Service life prediction of Prestressed Concrete Road Bridge using structural audit data and comparison of life 365 software and mathematical model
Authors: Kole P P , Dawari B M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Modern transport infrastructure necessarily utilizes pre-stressed concrete (PSC) girder bridges, which provide both efficient and secure passage for vehicles. But as they pass on their service life, these bridges experience a variety of environmental, traffic, and load-induced stresses that can endanger their structural integrity. To maintain the long-term safety and operation of PSC bridges, it is crucial to undertake periodic structural checks. For this work, a PSC Bridge with an average span length of 20 m has been chosen. This bridge’s fundamental structural element is I-section PSC girder. The bridge was built in compliance with the IRC 6 loading specifications. To ascertain the state of the road bridge, several non-destructive tests are carried out, including destructive testing, non-destructive testing, and visual inspection. The required strength and serviceability checks are carried out using the model created from the audit data using the MIDAS software. Wind and seismic analyses are carried out and comparison of results for current condition and initial condition is done. Bridge service life prediction is a critical component of infrastructure management, seeking to determine how long a bridge will continue to work and be structurally sound before requiring substantial repairs or replacement. It entails a thorough evaluation of the design, construction quality, materials, surrounding environment, maintenance procedures, and traffic loads.
Opening In Oriented Corrugated Web Steel Beams
Authors: Almohamady Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Among various range of structural steel products, the I-section beams are the most frequently used shape in steel works. This paper receives a light on two intentions: the first one is the flexure behaviour of corrugated web beams subjected to uniform or point load, while the second one is the effect of web openings on the load capacity of steel beams with corrugated webs. Trapezoidal corrugated steel webs in the cross-sectional plane (i.e., horizontal) and oriented in in-plan direction were investigated arithmetically using a Finite Element (FE) technique. In the finite element analysis, 3D models were studied using ANSYS software and a non-linear analysis was performed through thirty models of simply supported beams. Results show that using corrugated web does not have significant effect on the beam resistance to bending but increases the beam resistance to shear.
Limit State Interaction Charts for RC Square Columns subjected to combined axial loads and Biaxial Bending
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Kumar Kuldeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Designing columns undergoing biaxial bending is a cumbersome process. Researchers tried to give approximate methods to simplify the biaxial design. But still, the exact relation between the resultant eccentricity and the angle of the neutral axis is not known. Consequently, a trial and error method has to be used in deciding the angle and depth of the neutral axis for columns subjected to biaxial bending. Indian standard code for design IS 456 (2000) uses a method replicated from Bresler’s approximate design method which gives conservative results at very low axial load levels and a little unsafe results at higher axial load levels. To simplify the problem of biaxial design weber produced charts for columns bending along a diagonal. Similarly, equilibrium equations can be used to generate Interaction equations for moment acting at an angle of 45° and an interpolation procedure can be developed based on the limit state method to design columns. The generation of design charts for biaxial case thus becomes a topic of research. This paper presents a simplified Interpolation method for designing R.C. square section columns subjected to combined axial compression and biaxial bending complying with the limit state method. A computer-based approach was used to generate design charts with an arrangement of 20 bars symmetrically reinforced with Fe415 and Fe500 and for d’/D ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20. Necessary equations for preparing interaction charts were derived by modifying existing uniaxial equations. The derived equations were used to prepare an Excel sheet to get the coordinates of interaction curves. MATLAB code was used to generate smooth curves for each case of p/fck. The Comparison Charts indicated that the axial load capacity predicted by the interaction charts is in excellent agreement with the theoretical axial load capacity.
Scope of Unconventional Grid in Tall Building: A Way Forward
Authors: Sharma Niharika , Patel Dr. V.R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to structural efficiency and architectural aesthetic potential diagrid structures are commonly used for today’s tall buildings an extension to this, new grids can be studied and checked. Early tall building designs from the late 19th century understood the value of diagonal bracing member for mitigating lateral stresses. The application of diagrid was common practice for complex structures. In extension to diagrid study, the unconventional grid can also be used. In this study Unconventional geometry for tall buildings has been adopted, it is imperative to find an appropriate structural system for improved overall performance. Understanding various structural systems and using various codal provisions, an attempt has been made to consider the Unconventional grid as the outer grid for tall buildings. Two cases have been considered here, The first is a square-shaped building with an Unconventional grid including peripheral columns and the Second case is a Conventional grid with peripheral columns for the same shape. Modelling for Unconventional geometry is done on Rhino 3D using Grasshopper as a plugin, which was imported on SAP2000 and steel is used as the building material. Analysis has been carried out for both Lateral Loads i.e., Earthquake and Wind Loads as per codal provisions. The results suggest the potential use of unconventional grids in tall buildings. To measure how effectively one can use Unconventional geometry and overcome the flaws of conventional methods, this study can also be a milestone for upcoming infrastructure development.
Optimizing Energy Efficiency to Design IGBC Green Schools in Composite Climate
Authors: Satpal Dr. , Kalpana Ar. , Kumar Bhumik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the quality of educational infrastructure and its impact on child development have been subjects of extensive discussion. This paper presents research aimed at conserving energy and improving energy efficiency through passive design strategies in school buildings in Gurgaon, a region with a composite climate. The increasing reliance on conventional energy sources for heating and cooling buildings, along with associated cost and environmental concerns, underscores the need for energy conservation measures. This study explores how specific building design characteristics can reduce the demand for conventional energy by incorporating passive design strategies, such as considering wind direction, topography, vegetation, solar exposure, orientation, envelope size, and other factors during the initial design phase. The paper demonstrates the implementation of passive strategies, including thermal zoning, roof design, wall construction, and glass selection, using e-Quest 3.64 software. Additionally, the research optimizes various energy conservation measures to align with the requirements of the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) Green Schools standards. The findings indicate that a 12% energy savings compared to the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2017 can be achieved through these passive design strategies.
Experimental investigation of concrete incorporating untreated agricultural waste and calcium carbonate powder
Authors: Ahmed Farhan , yadav Prince , Bano Samreen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the use of sustainable materials in construction has become an important research topic. One such method is partial replacement of traditional construction materials with readily available environmentally friendly materials. This paper discusses the feasibility of using calcium carbonate powder and untreated agricultural waste such as bagasse ash in the production of concrete. The substitution was weight-based, with untreated agricultural waste replacing the fine aggregate and calcium carbonate powder replacing the OPC-43 grade cement. Cement replacement ranges from 5% to 30%, while fine aggregate replacement ranges from 5% to 15%. The results showed that calcium carbonate and untreated agricultural waste that is bagasse ash can be used as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete production, resulting in improved compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength, as well as a reduction in the environmental impact of concrete production. Furthermore, chemical analysis scanning electron microscopy was also carried out to determine the underlying crystal structure of the replacements.
An experimental investigation of Marble Powder as a Partial Replacement of cement and Waste Metal Scrap as Reinforcing Material on the Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete
Authors: Tiwari Anjani Kumar , Yadav Prince , Bano Samreen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To conduct the study, the researchers incorporated marble powder into the cement at varying proportions: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of the cement. This led to the creation of concrete with a M35-grade classification. After the concrete samples were given 7, 14, and 28 days to cure, several tests were performed to evaluate their flexural strength, compression strength, and split tensile strength. The experimental investigations demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the concrete specimens exhibited an initial enhancement when the cement weight was substituted with marble powder up to a 10% replacement, after which they began to decline. However, the inclusion of metal scrap in addition to marble powder showed positive effects on the strength properties. This finding indicates that the incorporation of both marble powder and metal scrap in concrete can effectively improve its mechanical strength. Furthermore, the researchers examined the microstructural properties of marble powder through the utilization of advanced methodologies such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)). The research findings indicated that the most optimum combination for attaining the maximum mechanical strength, in comparison to traditional concrete, involved incorporating 0.75% metal scrap and replacing 10% of the cement with marble powder. Beyond this proportion, a substantial reduction in strength was seen. The results also showed that incorporating a certain amount of marble powder with metal scrap led to improved interlocking of the aggregates, resulting in increased durability compared to traditional cement concrete.
Strengthening of the Structural Element by Using Armour – A Review of a Blast Protective Material
Authors: Saha S , Karmakar S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) is one of the most versatile materials used worldwide due to its strength, mouldability, excellent design life and low maintenance cost. The RC structure sustains several types of load during its service period. Unpredictable loads, such as blast loads, may come to the structure intentionally or accidentally. It is necessary to assess the behaviour of the structural element and its strengthening techniques. Structural elements may strengthen using Aramid fibre, CFRP, GFRP, etc. In the case of blast loading, armour is used as an external strengthening and gives better protection than other strengthening techniques. Armour is a protective material to protect any structural element from the sudden impact of load. Based on the composition, armours are broadly categorised as ceramic-based (Glass-ceramic), metal and alloy-based (steel) and composite ceramic (Fibre reinforced polymer with metal). Composite ceramic is lightweight and cost-effective compared with other armour materials. This study has discussed a detailed review of armour, and available experimental and numerical modelling data have been compared to evaluate its performance. It shows that numerical simulation can predict more accurately. Several types of armour damage have been observed, from which the critical parameters are maximum central deflection and plastic deformation of the armour sheet. Plastic deformation of the armour sheet increases when sheet thickness reduces. However, it performed better in bending when the thickness of the plate increased.