bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of high‐intensity sound and mechanical vibration for cleaning porous titanium cylinders fabricated using selective laser melting
Authors: Seiffert Gary , Hopkins Carl , Sutcliffe Chris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOrthopedic components, such as the acetabular cup in total hip joint replacement, can be fabricated using porous metals, such as titanium, and a number of processes, such as selective laser melting. The issue of how to effectively remove loose powder from the pores (residual powder) of such components has not been addressed in the literature. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of two processes, acoustic cleaning using high‐intensity sound inside acoustic horns and mechanical vibration, to remove residual titanium powder from selective laser melting‐fabricated cylinders. With acoustic cleaning, the amount of residual powder removed was not influenced by either the fundamental frequency of the horn used (75 vs. 230 Hz) or, for a given horn, the number of soundings (between 1 and 20). With mechanical vibration, the amount of residual powder removed was not influenced by the application time (10 vs. 20 s). Acoustic cleaning was found to be more reliable and effective in removal of residual powder than cleaning with mechanical vibration. It is concluded that acoustic cleaning using high‐intensity sound has significant potential for use in the final preparation stages of porous metal orthopedic components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 117–123, 2017.
Alternative competition‐induced digestive strategies yield equal growth, but constrain compensatory growth in red‐eyed treefrog larvae
Authors: Bouchard Sarah S. , O'Leary Chelsea J. , Wargelin Lindsay J. , Rodriguez Whitney B. , Jennings Kadeen X. , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTCompensatory growth is well documented across taxa and provides a fitness advantage to animals who would otherwise reach a smaller reproductive size. We investigated the role of competition‐induced gut plasticity in facilitating a compensatory response in red‐eyed treefrog larvae. We reared larvae at low, medium, and high densities with different per capita resources, environments known to produce individuals with long and short guts. We then transferred larvae to competitively equal environments to determine if longer guts provided an advantage when resources became available. We predicted that larvae from higher densities with longer guts would exhibit hyperphagia and compensatory growth. We measured growth over 1‐week, as well as the time to and size at metamorphosis. To assess mechanisms underlying the growth response, we measured diet transit time and intake. Growth, development, and metamorph snout‐vent length did not differ between larvae with long and short guts. Instead, different gut lengths were associated with dramatically different feeding strategies. Medium‐ and high‐density larvae fed at rates far below what their guts could accommodate. However, the combination of low intake and longer guts extended diet transit times, presumably increasing digestibility. This unexpected strategy achieved the same results as that of low‐density larvae, which ate twice as much food, but passed it more quickly through a shorter gut. The lack of a compensatory response may be attributed to the costs of accelerated growth and weak seasonal time constraints in the tropics. This suggests that although compensatory growth is widespread among animals, expression of the response may vary with environmental context. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 778–788, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing Critical Consciousness Through a Cross‐Cultural Immersion Experience in South Africa
Authors: Choi Kyoung Mi , VanVoorhis Richard W. , Ellenwood Audrey E. 
Published: October 2015

Using phenomenological approaches, the author explored the meanings and essences of a cross‐cultural immersion experience in South Africa among counseling master's‐level students. Five core themes—the meaning of being American, sociopolitical awareness, engagement with South Africans and their communities, appreciation of life, and commitment to change—characterized the development of critical consciousness (Freire, , ). Findings support positive influences of cross‐cultural immersion as an experiential pedagogical method for multicultural development.Usando enfoques fenomenológicos, se exploraron los significados y esencias de una experiencia de inmersión transcultural en Sudáfrica entre estudiantes de nivel máster en consejería. Cinco temas centrales (el significado de ser estadounidense, la conciencia sociopolítica, la interacción con individuos sudafricanos y sus comunidades, la valoración de la vida y el compromiso con el cambio) caracterizaron el desarrollo de la conciencia crítica (Freire, , ). Los hallazgos confirman influencias positivas de la inmersión transcultural como un método pedagógico basado en la experiencia para el desarrollo multicultural.
The effect of a low radiation CT protocol on accuracy of CT guided implant migration measurement: A cadaver study
Authors: Boettner Friedrich , Sculco Peter K. , Lipman Joseph , Saboeiro Gregory , Renner Lisa , Faschingbauer Martin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe current study compared the impact of low radiation CT protocols on the accuracy, repeatability, and inter‐ and intra‐observer variability of implant migration studies in total hip arthroplasty. Two total hip replacements were performed in two human cadavers and six tantalum beads were inserted into the femur similar to radiostereometric analysis. Six different 28 mm heads (−3 mm, 0 mm, 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm) were added to simulate five reproducible translations (maximum total point migration) of the center of the head. Three CT scans with varying levels of radiation were performed for each head position. The effective dose (mSv) was 3.8 mSv for Protocol A (standard protocol), 0.7 mSv for Protocol B and 1.6 mSv for Protocol C. Implant migration was measured in a 3‐D analysis software (Geomagic Studio 7). The accuracy was 0.16 mm for CT Protocol A, 0.13 mm for Protocol B and 0.14 mm for Protocol C; The repeatability was 0.22 mm for CT Protocol A, 0.18 mm for Protocol B and 0.20 mm for Protocol C; ICC for inter observer reliability was 0.89, intra observer reliability was 0.95. The difference in accuracy between standard protocol A and the two low radiation protocols (B, C) was less than 0.05 mm. The accuracy, inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of all three CT protocols is comparable to radiostereometric analysis. Reducing the CT radiation exposure to numbers similar to an AP Pelvis radiograph (0.7 mSv protocol B) does not affect the accuracy of implant migration measurements. Keywords: Radiation dose, CT, migration analysis, cadaver. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:725–728, 2016.
Quantum dots: The ultimate down‐conversion material for LCD displays
Authors: Steckel Jonathan S. , Ho John , Hamilton Charles , Xi Jingqun , Breen Craig , Liu Wenhao , Allen Peter , Coe‐Sullivan Seth 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAssuming that large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that quantum dots (QDs) are currently the down‐conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display makers to cost‐effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) and Adobe RGB color standards while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, and make the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next‐generation displays.
Resource selection in an endangered butterfly: Females select native nectar species
Authors: Thomas Rhiannon C. , Schultz Cheryl B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTManagement of at‐risk species requires attention to species‐specific resource requirements. In butterflies, lack of information on resource selection in adults limits conservation. We investigated nectar plant use and selection by Fender's blue butterfly (Plebejus [= Icaricia] icarioides fenderi), a species endangered by loss of over 99% of prairie habitat in Oregon's Willamette Valley, USA. We observed 156 male and 75 female nectaring bouts by Fender's blue at 3 sites across the range of the species concurrent with weekly surveys of nectar availability. Overall, 53% of nectar uses by males and 20% of uses by females were on non‐native species. Of the 24 plant species used by males and females, 8 species accounted for 86% of uses. Tests of resource selection (Wilkes λ) using compositional analysis for these 8 species were significant, indicating that nectar resources were used selectively, rather than in proportion to availability. Females selected native nectar species over non‐native species, whereas patterns for males were less clear. This study highlights the importance of differentiating between males and females when examining habitat requirements for endangered species. In addition, understanding how specific non‐native species are used by endangered species will help managers decide when they should be removed or conserved. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Gastrocnemius muscle architecture and achilles tendon properties influence walking distance in claudicants with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: King Stephanie Louise , Vanicek Natalie , O'brien Thomas Daniel 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe extent to which gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon properties contribute to the impaired walking endurance of claudicants is not known.MethodsUltrasound images quantified muscle architecture of the lateral and medial gastrocnemius (GL and GM) and were combined with dynamometry during plantarflexor contractions to calculate tendon stress, strain, stiffness, the Young modulus, and hysteresis. Key parameters were entered into multiple regression models to explain walking endurance.ResultsWorse disease severity was significantly associated with longer fascicle: tendon length ratios (GL R = ‐0.789 and GM R = ‐0.828) and increased tendon hysteresis (R = ‐0.740). Walking endurance could be explained by GL and GM pennation angle, maximum tendon force, tendon hysteresis, and disease severity (R2 = ∼0.6).ConclusionsPeripheral arterial disease was associated with functionally important changes in muscle and tendon properties, including the usage of stored elastic energy. Interventions known to target these characteristics should be adopted as a means to improve walking endurance. Muscle Nerve 53: 733–741, 2016
Brain sonography insight into the midbrain in myotonic dystrophy type 2
Authors: Rakocevic‐stojanovic Vidosava , Peric Stojan , Savic‐pavicevic Dusanka , Pesovic Jovan , Mesaros Sarlota , Lavrnic Dragana , Jovanovic Zagorka , Pavlovic Aleksandra 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to analyze transcranial sonography (TCS) findings in genetically confirmed myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) patients. Methods: Forty DM2 patients and 38 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent TCS through the pre‐auricular acoustic bone window. Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity was found in 20% of DM2 patients compared with 3% of HCs. Brainstem raphe (BR) hypoechogenicity was more common in DM2 patients compared with HCs (56% vs. 10%, P < 0.01), and it was more common in patients with fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (P < 0.05). Diameter of the third ventricle was increased in DM2 patients compared with HCs (5.8 ± 1.7 vs. 5.1 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Finding BR hypoechogenicity might have clinical implication because of the potential response to serotonin‐reuptake inhibitors. TCS revealed alterations in brain structures previously not seen in MRI studies. Muscle Nerve 53: 700–704, 2016
Autonomous and adaptive beaconing strategy for multi‐interfaced wireless mobile nodes
Authors: Tahar Rafaa , Dhraief Amine , Belghith Abdelfettah , Mathkour Hassan , Braham Rafik 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAd hoc wireless communications rely on beaconing to manage and maintain several network operations and to share relevant network parameters among network nodes. Beacon frames are sent at the start of each beacon interval. The frequency of beaconing depends on whether beacon intervals are fixed size or may be adapted and regulated according to the perceived network and workload conditions. On the other hand, current mobile nodes usually embed several heterogeneous wireless interfaces that urge the design of an adaptive beaconing strategy. In this paper, we propose an autonomous and adaptive beaconing strategy for multi‐interfaced mobile wireless nodes that is capable of regulating the beacon interval size dynamically according to the perceived network conditions. The proposed strategy is based on a joint dynamic estimation of both the announcement traffic indication message (ATIM) window and the beyond‐ATIM window sizes for each beacon interval. Extensive simulations were conducted using OMNeT++ to ascertain the improvements achieved by autonomously regulating the entire beacon interval to take into account the network and workload conditions. Obtained results showed that the two proposed approaches improve significantly the efficiency of the network in terms of throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and power consumption. The proposed fixed beacon interval (fixed‐BI) approach stands as an enhanced version of the power‐saving multi‐channel MAC protocol (PSM‐MMAC). The proposed variable beacon interval (variable‐BI) approach, which regulates dynamically both of the ATIM and the beyond‐ATIM windows, outperforms both the fixed‐BI and the PSM‐MMAC. In particular, under nominal traffic loads, the end‐to‐end delay of the variable‐BI is much lower than those provided by the fixed‐BI and PSM‐MMAC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary intake in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: validation of the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 FFQ against a 3-d weighed food record and 24-h urinalysis
Authors: Petersen Kristina S. , Smith Jacqueline M. , Clifton Peter M. , Keogh Jennifer B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2 (DQES v2) FFQ has not been validated in adults with diabetes. The aim was to determine the agreement between the DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d weighed food record (WFR) and 24-h urinalysis in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The DQES v2 FFQ and a 3-d WFR were completed on one occasion for measurement of food and nutrient intake. A 24-h urine sample was provided for measurement of Na and K excretion. Participants were sixty-seven adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes recruited from the community. Nutrient intake reported in the FFQ was within 20 % of the corresponding intake level reported in the WFR for the majority of nutrients. However, the 95 % limits of agreement showed large variation at an individual level between the two methods. There was a weak to moderate correlation between nutrient intake measured using the two methods and a moderate to high correlation for food intake. Quintile analysis showed that for the majority of foods and nutrients >60 % of participants were ranked within 1 quintile of the WFR ranking. The weighted κ values showed slight to moderate agreement between the two methods. Na intake was under-estimated in the FFQ by 25 % and K intake was over-estimated by 5 % compared with the 24-h urinalysis. In adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it is appropriate to use the DQES v2 FFQ to measure food and nutrient intake at a group level.
A ROMAN-LAZI WAR IN THESUDA: A FRAGMENT OF PRISCUS?
Authors: Rance Philip 
Published: October 2015

Sudaτ 134: Ταρσοὶ καλάμων. οἱ δὲ Λαζοὶ βόθρους ὀρύξαντες καὶ δόρατα τοῖς βόθροις ἐγκαταπήξαντες ταρσοῖς καλάμων καὶ ὕλῃ μὴ βεβαίαν ἐχούσῃ βάσιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιφερόμενον ἄχθος ὀλισθαινούσῃ, τὰ στόματα τῶν ὀρυγμάτων ἐκάλυψαν· καὶ χοῦν ἐπιβαλόντες τά τε παρ’ ἑκάτερα χωρία γεωργήσαντες καὶ πυροὺς σπείραντες ἐτροπώσαντο τοὺς Ῥωμαίους. Ταρσοὶ καλάμων παρ’ Ἡροδότῳ ἡ τρασιά (πρασιάmss), οὗ ἐξήραινον τὴν πλίνθον.Frames of reeds. ‘The Lazi, having dug pits and securely fixed spears within them, concealed the openings of the holes with frames of reeds and material that has no firm foundation but would give way to any load placed upon it; and having thrown earth on top and tilled the ground to either side and sewn wheat, they put the Romans to flight.’ Frames of reeds in Herodotus are the drying-rack, where they used to dry bricks.This entry in theSudacomprises three elements. First, the lemma Ταρσοὶ καλάμων, compared with the usual format of the lexicon, is atypical (though not unparalleled) both in being a two-word phrase and in lacking an explanatory gloss. The word ταρσός most frequently denotes various artefacts with a flat and/or interwoven structure, such as screens, baskets and mats, and by extension is used figuratively of surfaces that resemble wickerwork or basketry. The phrase ταρσοὶ καλάμων or καλάμου is otherwise attested, with somewhat different meanings, in only three ancient authors: Herodotus, Thucydides and Aeneas Tacticus. Second, an anonymous extract from an unidentified historical work supplies a sample usage of the headword phrase, in this instance a military ruse in which wicker screens are instrumental in concealing pits dug by the Lazi prior to an engagement with the Romans. The historical setting, the style and language of the extract, along with the known sources and methodology of the compiler(s) of theSuda, indicate that the quotation belongs to a classicizing historian of Late Antiquity. These issues will be examined below. Third, as testimony to an alternative meaning of ταρσοὶ καλάμων, the compiler adduces a gloss on Herodotus’Histories, which he drew from an earlier glossary of Herodotean usages. Here two problems arise. The definition of a drying-rack for bricks indicates that the original glossarist (and in turn theSudacompiler) did not in fact understand Herodotus’ technical description. In any case, the reading πρασιά, transmitted in all codices of theSuda, and accepted by Adler, should undoubtedly read τρασιά.
SOCIALISM ON SAFARI: WILDLIFE AND NATION-BUILDING IN POSTCOLONIAL TANZANIA, 1961–77
Authors: WEISKOPF JULIE M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines the fraught history of officials' innovative uses of wildlife in socialist Tanzania, as they pursued both international and domestic agendas with the country's wild fauna. Internationally, officials sought to enhance Tanzania's reputation and gain foreign support through its conservation policies and diplomatic use of wild animals. Domestically, officials recognized the utility of wildlife for a number of nation-building agendas, ranging from national identity to economic development. However, internal contradictions riddled the wildlife economy, creating difficulty for government officials and party leaders when balancing socialist commitments with an effective, market-driven industry.
Systematic psychosocial screening in a paediatric cardiology clinic: clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17
Authors: Struemph Kari L. , Barhight Lydia R. , Thacker Deepika , Sood Erica 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical utility of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 for identifying psychosocial concerns and improving access to psychology services within a paediatric cardiology clinic.MethodParents of 561 children (aged 4–17 years) presenting for follow-up of CHD, acquired heart disease, or arrhythmia completed the Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 as part of routine care; three items assessing parental (1) concern for learning/development, (2) questions about adjustment to cardiac diagnosis, and (3) interest in discussing concerns with a behavioural healthcare specialist were added to the questionnaire. A psychologist contacted the parents by phone if they indicated interest in speaking with a behavioural healthcare specialist.ResultsPercentages of children scoring above clinical cut-offs for externalising (10.5%), attention (8.7%), and total (9.3%) problems were similar to a “normative” primary-care sample, whereas fewer children in this study scored above the cut-off for internalising problems (7.8%; p<0.01). Sociodemographic, but not clinical, characteristics were associated with Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 scores. 17% of the parents endorsed concerns about learning/development, and 20% endorsed questions about adjustment to diagnosis. History of cardiac surgery was associated with increased concern about learning/development (p<0.01). Only 37% of the parents expressing psychosocial concerns reported interest in speaking with a psychologist.ConclusionsThe Pediatric Symptom Checklist 17 may not be sensitive to specific difficulties experienced by this patient population. A questionnaire with greater focus on learning/development and adjustment to diagnosis may yield improved utility. Psychology integration in clinics serving high-risk cardiac patients may decrease barriers to behavioural healthcare services.
Evidence for the distribution of perchlorates on Mars
Authors: Clark Benton C. , Kounaves Samuel P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVarious Mars missions have detected Cl atoms, chlorides and perchlorates in martian surface materials. The global soils, in particular, always contain significant levels of observable Cl. Direct evidence points to this Cl being in the form of both chlorides and perchlorates, and possibly also chlorates and other oxychlorines. The most widespread measurements have been of Cl atoms, and cannot discern the chemical form. However, from separate evidence of perchlorate obtained at high latitudes (Phoenix lander) and low latitudes (Curiosity rover), it is likely that perchlorates are widespread, albeit in varying proportions relative to the total amount of ubiquitous Cl.
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for glioma
Authors: Kinnersley Ben , Labussière Marianne , Holroyd Amy , Di Stefano Anna-Luisa , Broderick Peter , Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Mokhtari Karima , Delattre Jean-Yves , Gousias Konstantinos , Schramm Johannes , Schoemaker Minouk J. , Fleming Sarah J. , Herms Stefan , Heilmann Stefanie , Schreiber Stefan , Wichmann Heinz-Erich , Nöthen Markus M. , Swerdlow Anthony , Lathrop Mark , Simon Matthias , Bondy Melissa , Sanson Marc , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that common genetic variation contributes to the heritable risk of glioma. To identify new glioma susceptibility loci, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS (totalling 4,147 cases and 7,435 controls), with imputation using 1000 Genomes and UK10K Project data as reference. After genotyping an additional 1,490 cases and 1,723 controls we identify new risk loci for glioblastoma (GBM) at 12q23.33 (rs3851634, near POLR3B, P=3.02 × 10−9) and non-GBM at 10q25.2 (rs11196067, near VTI1A, P=4.32 × 10−8), 11q23.2 (rs648044, near ZBTB16, P=6.26 × 10−11), 12q21.2 (rs12230172, P=7.53 × 10−11) and 15q24.2 (rs1801591, near ETFA, P=5.71 × 10−9). Our findings provide further insights into the genetic basis of the different glioma subtypes.