bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Protective Effects of Novel Salidroside Analogues on Glucose and Serum Depletion Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells
Authors: Zhao Yahong , Ling Yong , Zhao Jing , Yuan Ying , Guo Yibin , Liu Qiong , Wu Bingxin , Ding Zuoyou , Yang Yumin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSalidroside is a natural product isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. which possesses a wide range of biological activities, especially neuroprotective effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In an attempt to improve its neuroprotective effects, a series of novel salidroside analogues were synthesized and their neuroprotective activities were evaluated against the glucose and serum depletion‐induced cell death in differentiated PC12 cells. Most target compounds displayed protective effects on the cell viability, especially for compound 6, which had a great potency superior to salidroside. MTT assay and Hoechst 33342 staining collectively showed that pretreatment with 6 attenuated cell viability loss and reduced apoptotic death in cultured PC12 cells with glucose and serum depletion. And its neuroprotective effects might be associated with the increase of the apoptosis‐related protein Bcl‐2/Bax expression ratio, and also with the inhibition of caspase‐3 activation. Therefore, our new findings may provide potentially important information for further development of salidroside analogues and lay the basis for further studies on the cerebral ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases for human clinical treatment.
A comparison of Boc and Fmoc SPPS strategies for the preparation of C‐terminal peptide α‐thiolesters: NY‐ESO‐1 39Cys‐68Ala‐COSR
Authors: Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of a polypeptide derived from the cancer testis antigen NY‐ESO‐1 bearing a C‐terminal α‐thiolester is described. Employing tert‐butyloxycarbonyl solid phase peptide synthesis the thiolester moiety was installed on‐resin using a mercaptopropionic acid linker, thereby requiring no post synthetic manipulations and delivering the requisite α‐thiolester polypeptide after cleavage from the resin with HF. Several 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl solid phase peptide synthesis approaches whereby the thiolester was required to be introduced in a post synthesis manner were examined concurrently. These comprised syntheses on two different “safety catch” linkers, an N‐alkyl‐N‐acyl sulphonamide and an N‐acyl benzimidazolone wherein the thiolester is generated from an activated precursor. The condensation of a mercaptan with the C‐terminal carboxylate in a direct thiolesterification reaction was also examined. When using either of the three 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl‐based approaches, the linear polypeptide could be assembled straightforwardly on the solid phase resin; however, a thiolesterification of the C‐terminal carboxyl of the fully side chain protected peptide proved to be the most effective post‐assembly method for the installation of the C‐terminal thiolester. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 356–365, 2013.
Randomized clinical trial of subcutaneous versus interfascial bupivacaine for pain control after midline laparotomy
Authors: Khorgami Z , Shoar S , Hosseini Araghi N , Mollahosseini F , Nasiri S , Ghaffari M H , Aminian A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Although patient-controlled analgesia for pain management after abdominal surgery is common, efforts to find alternative effective methods to control postoperative pain are continuing. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative pain levels following intermittent regional administration of bupivacaine via a catheter placed in the rectus sheath or subcutaneously at abdominal surgery through midline incisions.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing elective midline laparotomy were assigned randomly to a group with two catheters placed over the fascia (suprafascial group) before surgical wound closure or to a group with catheters placed between the two sheaths of each rectus muscle (interfascial group). Pain levels were determined every 12 h, both at rest and with movement, by means of a standard visual analogue scale (VAS) for 72 h after surgery. The amounts of administered opioid were recorded.

Results
Sixty patients were enrolled in the study (30 patients in each group). The median VAS score 36 h after surgery, both at rest and with movement, was significantly lower in the interfascial group than in the suprafascial group (P &lt; 0·050). Repeated-measures ANOVA also showed a significant difference in the postoperative VAS scores (P &lt; 0·007). The amount of self-administered morphine was significantly lower in the interfascial group, overall (P = 0·001) as well as on postoperative day 1 (P = 0·001) and day 2 (P = 0·016). Bowel sounds returned more quickly in the interfascial group (P = 0·040).

Conclusion
Locoregional catheter administration of bupivacaine following midline laparotomy is more effective when the catheter is placed in the rectus sheath compared with suprafascial delivery. Registration number: IRCT138810142982N1 (http://www.irct.ir).
Histories in Abusive Childhood Fractures: A Case Series
Authors: Wilson Brennan , Smith Hilary 
Published: February 2013

A retrospective review was carried out of the histories given by the carers of children aged from newborn to three years with abusive fractures of the shafts of long bones, regardless of the truth or falsehood of their statements. Textual analysis of the medical and legal records was used to extract and define recurrent themes in a recursive fashion. Statements and reports were studied relating to 18 children under three‐years old with proven child abuse, including 13 boys. Seventeen of the 18 families presented to the health services because of signs of major injuries. Five families spontaneously described a ‘trigger account’, a minor household incident said to have caused the major injury. After repeated questioning, a total of 41 accounts were produced. Thirty two of these were minor household incidents and nine were confessions or accusations of rough handling of the child. The accounts were often vague or uncertain and multiple accounts were often given to explain the same injury. Three accounts were challenged by another carer. The misleading accounts given by parents and carers formed a distinctive ‘narrative’ and can be considered a likely indicator of serious child abuse. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘The accounts were often vague or uncertain and multiple accounts were often given to explain the same injury’.Key Practitioner Messages

Carers of children with abusive long bone shaft fractures often give typical histories.
At presentation to the health services, they may give no history or they may describe a narrow range of trivial accidents.
On further questioning, they may give further accounts including accusations of rough handling.
Most accounts show internal reasons for suspicion of their truth.
These accounts may be used to identify abusive fractures.‘Most accounts show internal reasons for suspicion of their truth’
Risk Assessment and Secure Accommodation Decision‐Making in Scotland: Taking Account of Gender?
Authors: Roesch‐Marsh Autumn 
Published: February 2013

Risk assessment has become a key area of focus for child protection practice in recent years. Recent research has begun to identify how risk assessment practices and discourses in social work are gendered, particularly in relation to parenting and offending. There has been less attention paid to how gender impacts upon risk assessment practice with young people who present risks to themselves and/or others. This article begins to address this gap by exploring some of the findings from a recent study of secure accommodation decision‐making in Scotland. The article examines how risk assessment practices on the part of social workers and senior decision makers were influenced by gender discourses. The findings highlight the complexities of taking account of gender within the risk assessment process and the article concludes by making some suggestions for practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘How risk assessment practices on the part of social workers and senior decision makers were influenced by gender discourses’Key Practitioner MessagesWhen considering a young person for possible placement in secure accommodation, practitioners should ensure that:

They undertake a collaborative, holistic, person‐centred risk assessment.
This risk assessment must consider how the risks that the young person faces are gendered, without stereotyping.
This risk assessment should consider the social and structural factors that have created these risks for young men and women and interventions should also target these wider issues.
Occult Rib Fractures: Defining the Cause
Authors: Cosway Ben , Mathura Narad , Mott Alison , Bredow Maria , Fraser James , Rawlinson Alicia , Wei Christina , Thyagarajan Manigandan S. , Harrison Sara , Kemp Alison 
Published: February 2013

The probability of physical abuse (PA) is high in children with occult rib fractures. Other causes include non‐intentional trauma, post surgery and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Bone fragility increases the risk of fractures, namely metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP), osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets and rare metabolic bone diseases.‘Occult rib fractures have a high probability of physical abuse’This case series describes 61 children under two years of age with rib fractures and associations with clinical and radiological features and aetiology. There were 20 cases of PA, 11 post surgical and three non‐intentional trauma. Two cases had fractures following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 18 MBDP and one metabolic bone disease. In six cases, the cause remained unknown. The number and distribution of rib fractures and the age of infants did not discriminate between MBDP and PA. Fractures were predominantly posterior, postero‐lateral or lateral. All cases of MBDP had a gestational age of 31 weeks or less and birth weight < 1.25 kg. Each child with MBDP had at least one additional risk factor. Chronic lung disease was recorded in seven, prolonged total parenteral nutrition in ten, steroid use in four, furosemide medication in eight and necrotising enterocolitis in three. All PA cases had other associated injuries or signs of neglect.We recommend a comprehensive assessment of infants with occult rib fractures including an examination to exclude associated trauma, a child protection assessment and a full clinical assessment to exclude risk factors for co‐existing bone fragility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages:

The number and distribution of rib fractures and the age of infants do not discriminate between PA and rib fractures seen in MBDP.
Assessment of infants with occult rib fractures should include an examination to exclude associated trauma, a child protection assessment and a full clinical assessment to exclude risk factors for co‐existing bone fragility.‘An examination to exclude associated trauma, a child protection assessment and a full clinical assessment’
One‐year head to head comparison of the neointimal response between sirolimus eluting stent with reservoir technology and everolimus eluting stent
Authors: Shiratori Yoshitaka , Brugaletta Salvatore , Alvarez‐Contreras Luis , Azpeitia Yajaziel , Ospino Nestor , Gaido Sebastian , Delahanty Anuar , Santos Alejandro , Martin‐Yuste Victoria , Masotti Monica , Serruys Patrick W. , Windecker Stephan , Sabaté Manel 
Published: February 2013

Objectiveto compare the vascular healing process between the sirolimus‐eluting NEVO and the everolimus‐eluting Xience stent by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1‐year follow‐up.BackgroundPresence of durable polymer on a drug‐eluting metallic stent may be the basis of an inflammatory reaction with abnormal healing response. The NEVO stent, having a bioresorbable polymer eluted by reservoir technology, may overcome this problem.MethodsAll consecutive patients, who received NEVO or Xience stent implantation between September 2010 and October 2010 in our institution, were included. Vascular healing was assessed at 1‐year as percentage of uncovered struts, neointimal thickness (NIT), in‐stent/stent area obstruction and pattern of neointima.ResultsA total 47 patients (2:1 randomization, n = 32 NEVO, n = 15 Xience) were included. Eighteen patients underwent angiographic follow‐up (eight patients with nine lesions for NEVO vs. 10 patients with 11 lesions for Xience). The angiographic late loss was numerically higher but not statistically different in NEVO compared with Xience treated lesions (0.38 ± 0.47 mm vs. 0.18 ± 0.27 mm; P = 0.171). OCT analysis of 4,912 struts demonstrated similar rates of uncovered struts (0.5 vs. 0.7%, P = 0.462), higher mean NIT (177.76 ± 87.76 µm vs. 132.22 ± 30.91 µm; P = 0.170) and in stent/stent area obstruction (23.02 ± 14.74% vs. 14.17 ± 5.94%, P = 0.120) in the NEVO as compared with Xience.ConclusionThe NEVO stent with a reservoir technology seems to exhibit more neointimal proliferation as compared to Xience stent. The findings of our study, which currently represent the unique data existing on this reservoir technology, would need to be confirmed in a large population. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new study on removal of cadmium by hybrid emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Mortaheb Hamid Reza , Khormaei Hossein , Amini Mohammad Hasan , Moktarani Babak 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new application of hybrid emulsion liquid membrane, in which an O/W emulsion phase is placed between two supporting membranes, is applied in the present research for removal of cadmium from aqueous phase. The new setting has advantages such as higher stability of the emulsion phase, lower pollution of feed and stripping phases due to contacting with the membrane phase and higher removal capacity. Trioctylamine has been used as a carrier in the organic phase of the emulsion, while the applied surfactant is nonyl phenol ethoxylate. The effect of different parameters is investigated, such as pHs of aqueous and dispersed phases, organic to aqueous volume ratio in the emulsion, carrier concentration, temperature, stirring intensity and cadmium concentration in the feed phase on the performance of the system. The appropriate values of pH for stripping phase and the emulsion's aqueous phase are found to be about 13 and 7, respectively. The optimum organic to aqueous phase volume ratio in emulsion is found to be about 1. The removal efficiency increases approximately twice when the emulsion is stirred more rigorously. Applying the new setup can enhance the removal capacity comparing to the ultimate capacity obtained from the hybrid liquid membrane system.
Extending the empirical likelihood by domain expansion
Authors: Tsao Min 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe extend the empirical likelihood beyond its domain by expanding its contours nested inside the domain with a similarity transformation. The extended empirical likelihood achieves two objectives at the same time: escaping the “convex hull constraint” on the empirical likelihood and improving the coverage accuracy of the empirical likelihood ratio confidence region to $O(n^{-2})$. The latter is accomplished through a special transformation which matches the extended empirical likelihood with the Bartlett corrected empirical likelihood. The extended empirical likelihood ratio confidence region retains the shape of the original empirical likelihood ratio confidence region. It also accommodates adjustments for dimension and small sample size, giving it good coverage accuracy in large and small sample situations. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 257–274; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Dynamic Parameters of Plant Communities Partially Reflect the Soil Quality Improvement in Eco‐Reclamation Area of an Opencast Coal Mine
Authors: Guo Dong‐Gang , Zhao Bing‐Qing , Shangguan Tie‐Liang , Bai Zhong‐Ke , Shao Hong‐Bo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe influence of soil physicochemical properties and the relationship between the plant community and edaphic factors have been studied through monitoring the community dynamic parameters and analyzing the soil properties from four plant plots at the Pingshuo opencast coal mine eco‐reclamation area. The results are obtained as follows: (1) the law of the quantity variation of total N and available K is affected by the different kinds of plant configuration mode. It is Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis (SIV) > R. pseudoacacia (SV) > R. pseudoacacia + P. tabuliformis (SI) > R. pseudoacacia + Ulmus pumila + Ailanthus altissima (SIII). The quantity is close to or exceeds the level of the original geomorphology. The average content of available N has the following order: SIV > SI > SIII > SV; the average content of available P SV > SIII > SIV > SI, both are far below the level of the original geomorphology; pH SIV < SIII < SI < SV; bulk density SI < SIV < SV < SIII, moisture content SIV > SIII > SI > SV; in the soil layer of 20–40 cm, except the available P, other physicochemical factors are in accordance with the factors of the surface soil; (2) the population average density, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) have no obvious relevance with the average density of the stumpage; (3) the average density, height, and DBH of R. pseudoacacia are closely related to pH and the content of available N and available P and all the index can be fitted by the equation of linear regression of the edaphic factors mentioned above. The principal component analysis shows that the magnitude of the impacts of three kinds of edaphic factors on the R. pseudoacacia population has the following order: pH > available N > available P. The average density of U. pumila is closely related to the moisture content of the soil. This regression model can be used to direct the cultivation and propagation of R. pseudoacacia and U. pumila population at the mine eco‐reclamation area.
The Alleviative Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Activities of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in Malting Barley (Hordeum uhulgare L.) Seedling Leaves Stressed by Heavy Metals
Authors: Song Wei‐Yi , Yang Hong‐Chao , Shao Hong‐Bo , Zheng Ai‐Zhen , Brestic Marian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs toxic divalent heavy metal ions, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ exert certain negative effects on plant growth and development, which has been paid huge amount of attention to in the management of heavy metal pollution. As a novel kind of endogenous plant hormone, salicylic acid (SA) is considered to exert beneficial physiological effects on plants. In this paper, the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in seedling leaves of a malting barley variety (called Ganpi No.4) cultured under hydroponic cultivation was measured under different treatments of Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ and under different treatments of SA alleviation, respectively, and such values were then compared and analyzed. The results showed that all treatments of different ions and the activities of CAT and SOD and all SA‐alleviated treatments and the activities of CAT and SOD exhibited nonlinear relationships. Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ exerted less severe stresses on the activities of CAT and SOD at lower concentrations, and led to significantly inhibitive effects on the activities of CAT and SOD at higher concentrations. And Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ exerted significantly repressing effects on the activities of CAT and SOD. As for SA's alleviative effects, such effects were salient for most concentrations of Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ treatments and lower concentrations of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ treatments, while were not significant for higher concentrations of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ treatments. These data provided theoretical references for studies on physiological mechanism of cereal crops' resistance or tolerance to heavy metal stress as biomarkers.
Therapeutic Links between Alzheimer’s Disease and Brain Cancer: Drug Discovery Consequences
Authors: Kraus Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIt was recently reported that female survivors of breast cancer have a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This observation led to the hypothesis that there is a link between cancer and AD. This Viewpoint provides an analysis of the consequences of this hypothesis, not only from the perspective of drug discovery for new treatments, but above all, the awareness that any AD chemotherapy will require drug administration over longer periods of time before any cognitive effects are observed. Because such drugs will probably act as neuroprotective agents, slowing the progression of AD rather than curing it, they should be prescribed as soon as the first AD symptoms are detected. After a general survey of anticancer drugs that have potential therapeutic value for AD chemotherapy, new drugs that could affect specific signal transduction pathways known to be activated by anticancer drugs are presented, with the unfolding protein response pathway being one of the most relevant biological targets for new AD chemotherapeutic agents.
The Influence of Multiple‐Dose Vorapaxar, an Oral PAR‐1 Receptor Antagonist, on the Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Digoxin
Authors: Kosoglou Teddy , Zhu Yali , Statkevich Paul , Xuan Fengjuan , Schiller James E. , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Cutler David L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractVorapaxar is a novel orally active thrombin receptor antagonist selective for the PAR‐1 receptor. This open‐label, single‐center, fixed‐sequence, 2‐period, 2‐treatment study assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single‐dose digoxin in the presence/absence of multiple‐dose vorapaxar. Eighteen healthy adult subjects received two treatments in a fixed sequence separated by ≥8‐day washout: (A) digoxin 0.5 mg (Day 1); (B) vorapaxar 2.5 mg/day Days 1–6 and single‐dose vorapaxar 40 mg administered with single‐dose digoxin 0.5 mg Day 7. The geometric mean ratio (%; GMR) for the two treatments (digoxin alone and digoxin plus vorapaxar) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for and AUCtf and Cmax of digoxin were calculated. Pharmacodynamics of digoxin was assessed by measuring changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters. The GMR (90% CIs) estimates for digoxin AUCtf and Cmax were 105% (91, 121) and 154% (130, 181), respectively. Except for differences in peak plasma concentrations, the pharmacokinetics of digoxin were similar between the two treatments. Coadministration of vorapaxar plus digoxin had no effect on digoxin Tmax or ECG parameters. The results of this study suggest that the coadministration of vorapaxar and digoxin is unlikely to cause a clinically significant drug–drug interaction.