bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TiO2‐Oligoaldaramide nanocomposites as efficient core‐shell systems for wood preservation
Authors: Oliva Rosangela , Salvini Antonella , Di Giulio Giuseppina , Capozzoli Laura , Fioravanti Marco , Giordano Cristiana , Perito Brunella 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHomogeneous core‐shell systems were obtained with a growth, in controlled steps, of several oligoamides on TiO2 nanoparticles. Derivatives of natural compounds, such as l‐tartaric acid and α,α′‐trehalose, were used as diesters in the polycondensation reactions with ethylenediamine. TiO2 anatase was chosen because of its high photo‐activity and its antimicrobial activity. The TiO2 nanoparticles had been previously activated then functionalized using two different coupling agents, and finally, the TiO2‐oligoamide nanocomposites were synthesized using two synthetic pathways. The final products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, and transmission electron microscope. These nanocomposites can show improved properties in comparison with the single components (TiO2 nanoparticles or oligoamides), which are useful in many fields, such as antimicrobial coatings for surfaces in cultural heritage conservation. A nanocomposite (TiO2‐polyethylenetartaramide) was used for applicative studies, and it has shown a good efficacy against fungal attack by Trametes versicolor on wood specimens (Fagus sylvatica). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42047.
Regeneration of spent polymer resins in oily water treatment systems by application of nanoemulsion
Authors: Costa Josane A. , Queirós Yure G. C. , Mansur Claudia R. E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn step production of oil wells, along with oil, also produces a large volume of water oily, which must be properly treated for disposal. Several absorbent materials have been developed and are highly effective for this purpose. However, they need regeneration when they reach saturation, because their discharge after each saturation cycle makes the process unfeasible from the cost and environmental standpoints. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of regenerating a methyl methacrylate‐divinylbenzene polymer resin spent in a system for continuous treatment of oily wastewater, in loco. The regeneration fluid used was an O/W nanoemulsion, which contain only 8% of environmentally friendly solvent and 80% of synthetic marine water. A kinetics desorption study of oil saturated resin was performed to identify the best times for desorption using the nanoemulsion. After one cycle of saturation, cleaning and resaturation, was observed that regeneration efficiency in continuous process of around 40%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42050.
Simple chemiluminescence determination of ketotifen using tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)‐ Ce(IV) system
Authors: Mokhtari Ali , Ghazaeian Mehrgan , Maghsoudi Mahdieh , Keyvanfard Mohsen , Emami Iraj 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new method using chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the simple determination of ketotifen fumarate (KF). The method is based on the catalytic effect of KF in the CL reaction of tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II), Ru(phen)32+, with Ce(IV) in sulfuric acid medium. The CL response was detected using a lab‐made chemiluminometer. Effects of chemical variables were investigated and under optimum conditions, the CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of the drug over the range 0.34‐34.00 µg mL−1 KF. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 0.09 µg mL−1. Effects of common ingredients were investigated and the method was applied successfully for determining KF in pharmaceutical formulations and human plasma. The percent of relative standard deviation (n=11) at level of 3.4 µg mL−1 of KF was 4.6% and the minimum sampling rate was 70 samples per hour. The possible CL mechanism is proposed based on the kinetic characteristic of the CL reaction, CL spectrum, UV‐Vis and phosphorescence spectra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence decay of dyed protozoa: differences between stressed and non‐stressed cysts
Authors: Santos Samuel Ricardo dos , Branco Nilson , Franco Regina Maura Bueno , Paterniani José Euclides Stipp , Katsumata Masakazu , Barlow Peter W. , de Mello Gallep Cristiano 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSeveral series of tests have shown that fresh, intact samples of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts are not marked by fluorescent probes such as carboxyfluorcein‐succinimidyl‐diacetate‐ester (CFDA‐SE), C12‐resazurin and SYTOX® Green, probably because of their robust cell walls. These dyes fail to indicate the viability of such protozoa and allow negative responses to be recorded from living and infectious samples. Cryptosporidium parvum showed stronger isolation from chemicals, with living oocysts remaining unstained by the probe for up to 90 days after extraction. However, in further fluorescence decay (FD) experiments run with G. duodenalis samples stained using CFDA‐SE (comprising living, non‐stressed but aged cysts, heat‐killed samples and UV‐C‐stressed samples) each showed a different FD decay profile, here studied in seven series of tests of five replicates each. The FD profiles were fitted by double‐exponential decay kinetics, with the decay constant k2 being five times higher than k1. This FD procedure is fast and can be easily reproduced in 10 steps, taking ~ 1 h of laboratory work for already purified samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International validation of a risk score for complications and reinterventions after endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Karthikesalingam A , Vidal-Diez A , De Bruin J L , Thompson M M , Hinchliffe R J , Loftus I M , Holt P J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Lifelong surveillance is considered mandatory after endovascular repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms to detect endograft complications and prevent aneurysm rupture. Current protocols are not cost-effective or clinically effective. The international validity of the St George's Vascular Institute (SGVI) score for EVAR complications was examined.

Methods
The ENGAGE registry recruited patients undergoing EVAR at 79 centres in 30 countries. Reinterventions and endograft complications were recorded for up to 3 years after surgery. Preoperative aneurysm morphology was extracted from the registry database, and used to predict whether patients would be at low or high risk of complications after EVAR based on the SGVI score. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare the incidence of endograft complications and reinterventions in patients predicted to be at low risk compared with those predicted to be at high risk.

Results
Some 1207 patients underwent EVAR, with follow-up of up to 3 years. The SGVI score accurately discriminated freedom from reinterventions (90·5 versus 79·3 per cent in low- versus high-risk patients; P &lt; 0·001), freedom from endograft complications (77·9 versus 69·6 per cent in low- versus high-risk patients; P = 0·012), and freedom from a composite outcome measure of reinterventions or endograft complications (75·0 versus 66·1 per cent in low- versus high-risk patients; P = 0·006) during mid-term follow-up.

Conclusion
This study has provided international validation of a morphological risk score that predicts mid-term reinterventions and endograft complications. The results may enable risk-stratified surveillance after EVAR.
Experimental and Computational Insights into Carbon Dioxide Fixation by RZnOH Species
Authors: Sokołowski Kamil , Bury Wojciech , Tulewicz Adam , Cieślak Anna M. , Justyniak Iwona , Kubicki Dominik , Krajewska Elżbieta , Milet Anne , Moszyński Robert , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOrganozinc hydroxides, RZnOH, possessing the proton‐reactive alkylzinc group and the CO2‐reactive ZnOH group, represent an intriguing group of organometallic precursors for the synthesis of novel zinc carbonates. Comprehensive experimental and computational investigations on 1) solution and solid‐state behavior of tBuZnOH (1) species in the presence of Lewis bases, namely, THF and 4‐methylpyridine; 2) step‐by‐step sequence of the reaction between 1 and CO2; and 3) the effect of a donor ligand and/or an excess of tBu2Zn as an external proton acceptor on the reaction course are reported. DFT calculations for the insertion of carbon dioxide into the dinuclear alkylzinc hydroxide 12 are fully consistent with 1H NMR spectroscopy studies and indicate that this process is a multistep reaction, in which the insertion of CO2 seems to be the rate‐determining step. Moreover, DFT studies show that the mechanism of the rearrangement between key intermediates, that is, the primary alkylzinc bicarbonate with a proximal position of hydrogen and the secondary alkylzinc bicarbonate with a distal position of hydrogen, most likely proceeds through internal rotation of the dinuclear bicarbonate.
EnantioselectiveAldol Reaction Between Isatins and Cyclohexanone Catalyzed by Amino Acid Sulphonamides
Authors: Wang Jun , Liu Qi , Hao Qing , Sun Yanhua , Luo Yiming , Yang Hua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSulphonamides derived from primary α‐amino acid were successfully applied to catalyze the aldol reaction between isatin and cyclohexanone under neat conditions. More interestingly, molecular sieves, as privileged additives, were found to play a vital role in achieving high enantioselectivity. Consequently, high yields (up to 99%) along with good enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to 95:5 dr) were obtained. In addition, this reaction was also conveniently scaled up, demonstrating the applicability of this protocol. Chirality 27:314‐319, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ökonomisch/ökologische Betrachtung zur Herstellung von Wasserstoff in Großanlagen
Authors: Machhammer Otto , Bode Andreas , Hormuth Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWasserstoff wird häufig als Energieträger der Zukunft gesehen. Neue Technologien sollen H2 zu konkurrenzfähigen Produktkosten aber mit einem deutlich geringeren Carbon‐Footprint herstellen. Anhand der Kriterien Produktkosten und Carbon Footprint werden die konventionellen Technologien Methane Steam Reforming und Kohlevergasung mit den neuen Technologien Metalloxid‐Kreisprozess, Wasserelektrolyse, Biomassevergasung und Methan‐Pyrolyse verglichen. Für die Ermittlung des Carbon Footprints der Methan‐Pyrolyse wird eine Betrachtung mit Systemraumerweiterung und Differenzenbildung durchgeführt. Unter den gewählten Randbedingungen ergeben sich für die Pyrolyse insgesamt sehr gute Werte für Produktkosten und Carbon Footprint. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wurde eine branchenübergreifende Entwicklung der Methan‐Pyrolyse angestoßen.
In‐situ‐Stoffübergangsmessungen mit Computertomographie: Auswahl des Testsystems
Authors: Schug Sebastian , Arlt Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDer Stoffübergang von einer Gasphase in einen Flüssigkeitsfilm auf einer Packung soll mithilfe der Computertomographie in‐situ gemessen und verfolgt werden. Hierfür wird ein geeignetes Stoffpaar gesucht, das einen ausreichend dicken Film auf einer Packung ausbildet und dessen Komponenten in den aus der Computertomographie erhaltenen Bildern unterschieden werden können. Hierfür wurden zunächst die Filmdicken verschiedener Komponenten auf einer Mellapak‐Packung bestimmt und anschließend schwere Gase auf ihre Röntgenaktivität in der Gasphase und als gelöster Stoff in der Flüssigkeit untersucht. Die maximale Löslichkeit des Gases in der Flüssigkeit wurde durch die Simulation des Dampf‐Flüssig‐Gleichgewichts mithilfe des quantenchemischen Modells COSMO‐RS bestimmt.
Looking for Efficient G‐Quadruplex Ligands: Evidence for Selective Stabilizing Properties and Telomere Damage by Drug‐Like Molecules
Authors: Pagano Bruno , Amato Jussara , Iaccarino Nunzia , Cingolani Chiara , Zizza Pasquale , Biroccio Annamaria , Novellino Ettore , Randazzo Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere is currently significant interest in the development of G‐quadruplex‐interactive compounds, given the relationship between the ability to stabilize these non‐canonical DNA structures and anticancer activity. In this study, a set of biophysical assays was applied to evaluate the binding of six drug‐like ligands to DNA G‐quadruplexes with different folding topologies. Interestingly, two of the investigated ligands showed selective G‐quadruplex‐stabilizing properties and biological activity. These compounds may represent useful leads for the development of more potent and selective ligands.
Experimentally driven quality of experience‐aware multimedia content delivery in modern wireless networks
Authors: Aristomenopoulos Georgios , Kaldanis Vassilios , Katsaros Giannis , Papavassiliou Symeon 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a holistic approach for supporting Quality of Experience (QoE)‐aware multimedia content delivery to modern wireless networks is described. The introduced Dynamic User Experience framework, founded on network utility maximization theory, allows mobile users to express their preference with respect to the instantaneous experience of their service performance, through the dynamic adaptation of their service‐aware utility functions. By developing and exploiting an Android‐based mobile multimedia application prototype capable of capturing users' quality perception with respect to multiple psychological and networking factors, an efficient correlation of users' QoE and service performance characteristics is derived. Based on real user data obtained through experimentation, we are able to quantify appropriately defined QoE‐aware utility functions that can be used throughout the overall radio resource management process. Extensive numerical results verify our analytical claims on the efficacy and applicability of the proposed framework in a heterogeneous wireless environment, significantly optimizing mobile Internet experience. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal Pricing Algorithm in the Electricity Market with Battery and Accumulator and Demand–Supply Balancing
Authors: Miyano Yuki , Namerikawa Toru 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYThis paper considers the day‐ahead market with batteries and accumulators to level power generation. First, we model consumers with batteries, generators with batteries, and accumulators, all of whom strive to maximize their own profit. An optimal pricing algorithm based on dual decomposition and the steepest descent method is derived and shown to be stable. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of numerical simulations which indicate that it achieves demand–supply balance.
Visualization of PWM Strategy for a Direct Matrix Converter During Input and Output Voltage Periods
Authors: Asai Inami , Takeshita Takaharu 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYThis paper presents a visualization of the PWM strategy of a matrix converter during input and output voltage periods. General relations for the duty cycles based on the input current references and the output voltage references are derived. Because the input current references and the output voltage references are treated as continuous values in the time domain, the PWM strategy can be extended to the input and output voltage periods from the control period treated as constant values. At a low carrier frequency compared with the actual frequency, the PWM patterns that reduce the number of commutations for switching loss reduction can be visualized. The PWM strategy can be directly evaluated by using the waveforms of the input current and the output voltage. In the transient state with change of the output voltage reference, the output voltage and input current can be visualized. The effectiveness of the visualization of the PWM strategy has been verified by comparison with the experimental waveforms.
Theoretical Analysis of Harmonics in PWM Output Waveform of Multilevel Inverters
Authors: Obara Hidemine , Oguri Hiroshi , Sato Yukihiko 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYMultilevel inverters have very attractive features, such as lower harmonics in the output, lower EMI, and reduction of the required voltage rating of power semiconductor devices. Among them, lower harmonics in the output can reduce the volume of the output harmonic filter and additional losses caused by the harmonics. Therefore, multilevel inverters are expected to realize higher power density and higher efficiency. In this paper, as a basis of the quantitative investigation of these features, the harmonics in the PWM output voltage of multilevel inverters are analyzed theoretically. As an application of the theoretical results, the usefulness of the theoretical results is verified by the prediction of the harmonic contents of the load current.
Machining effects of different mechanical crushers on pit particle size and oil drop distribution in olive paste
Authors: Leone Alessandro , Romaniello Roberto , Zagaria Riccardo , Sabella Erika , De Bellis Luigi , Tamborrino Antonia 
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the mechanical components of the crushers on pits and oil droplet fractionation. The olive pastes obtained using four different crushing systems were compared. Analyses of the pit particle size distribution and oil drop aggregation were performed. The analysis of the experimental data shows that different crushing machines produce different pit and oil drop fragmentation, and the trends confirm that increased pit fragmentation corresponds to increased droplet fragmentation. Therefore, the results confirm that the partial de‐pitter and hammer crusher yielded the greatest enhancement in emulsification of oil droplets, and the stone mill and disc crusher yielded the greatest aggregation of oil droplets.Practical applications: The practical application of this work includes understanding the effects of four different crushers on oil drops and pit fragmentation. The experimental data could be useful to define the best malaxation time and to gain a better understanding of the minor components distribution in olive oil. The results obtained could be used to construct a guideline for the design and sizing of crushing machines.Different crushing machines produce different pit and oil drop fragmentation, and the trends confirm that increased pit fragmentation corresponds to increased droplet fragmentation. The data expressed in this research could be used to construct a guideline for the design and sizing of crushing machines with the goal of achieving a balance between pulp fragmentation, pit breakage and oil drop fragmentation.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Concentricolide
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Hu Lingling , Jiang Lizhen , Jia Junhao , Zhang Di , Chen Xiaochuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA practical strategy for the synthesis of both (–)‐ and (+)‐concentricolide from salicylic acid has been developed. The key feature of the approach is sequential aromatic lithiation and condensation with an aldehyde directed by a chiral oxazoline unit derived either from L‐ or D‐phenylalaninol, which is employed as an auxiliary.
The Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction Performed Using a Palladium–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst and a Weak Inorganic Base
Authors: Izquierdo Frédéric , Corpet Martin , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been shown to be useful ligands for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling at low catalyst loadings. We now report that the commercially available and air‐stable [Pd(IPr)(cin)Cl] pre‐catalyst permits the formation of various functionalized biaryls from aryl chlorides and boronic acids (37 examples) under very mild conditions using a mixture of ethanol/water as solvent and an inorganic base.
Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Reductive Monoalkylation of Electron‐Rich Benzenes with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Leading to Arylalkane Derivatives
Authors: Moriya Toshimitsu , Takayama Kentaro , Konakahara Takeo , Ogiwara Yohei , Sakai Norio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDescribed herein is the reaction of electron‐rich aromatic compounds with aliphatic carboxylic acids treated with a catalytic amount (5 mol‐%) of InI3, 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), and molecular iodine. The reductive monoalkylation occurs smoothly to produce the corresponding arylalkane derivatives.
Experimental study on hardening a motorcoach against tire fire penetration
Authors: Johnsson Erik , Yang Jiann C. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThree full‐scale fire experiments were conducted to assess methods of hardening the motorcoach against penetration of a tire fire. The first method was to replace the combustible fender and exterior side panel above the wheels with stainless steel sheet metal. The second method was to coat the plastic fender and side panel with an intumescent layer. The third method was to install a sheet steel fire plume deflector between the fender and side panel. A special burner was used that imitates the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. For each experiment, heating to obtain tire ignition was initiated on the exterior of the passenger side tag axle wheel. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, and heat release rate were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were recorded. The experimental results were compared with those obtained with no fire hardening. The metal replacement method performed best and prevented fire penetration for over 30 min longer than the nonhardened cases. The intumescent coating extended fire penetration by about 20 min longer than the nonhardened cases. The steel plume deflector had no significant impact on the timing for fire penetration of the windows. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Deciphering Genome Environment Wide Interactions Using Exposed Subjects Only
Authors: Zhao Lue Ping , Fan Wenhong , Goodman Gary , Radich Jerry , Martin Paul 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe recent successes of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have renewed interest in genome environment wide interaction studies (GEWIS) to discover genetic factors that modulate penetrance of environmental exposures to human diseases. Indeed, gene‐environment interactions (G × E), which have not been emphasized in the GWAS era, could be a source contributing to the missing heritability, a major bottleneck limiting continuing GWAS successes. In this manuscript, we describe a design and analytic strategy to focus on G × E using only exposed subjects, dubbed as e‐GEWIS. Operationally, an e‐GEWIS analysis is equivalent to a GWAS analysis on exposed subjects only, and it has actually been used in some earlier GWAS without being explicitly identified as such. Through both analytics and simulations, e‐GEWIS has been shown better efficiency than the usual cross‐product‐based analysis of G × E interaction with both cases and controls (cc‐GEWIS), and they have comparable efficiency to case‐only analysis of G × E (c‐GEWIS), with potentially smaller sample sizes. The formalization of e‐GEWIS here provides a theoretical basis to legitimize this framework for routine investigation of G × E, for more efficient G × E study designs, and for improvement of reproducibility in replicating GEWIS findings. As an illustration, we apply e‐GEWIS to a lung cancer GWAS data set to perform a GEWIS, focusing on gene and smoking interaction. The e‐GEWIS analysis successfully uncovered positive genetic associations on chromosome 15 among current smokers, suggesting a gene‐smoking interaction. Although this signal was detected earlier, the current finding here serves as a positive control in support of this e‐GEWIS strategy.