bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and Ultrasensitive Detection of Four Inflammatory Biomarkers by Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Paper Sensor
Authors: Ye Liya , Wu Aihong , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Xu Xinxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the complexity and diversity of infectious diseases, diagnosis based solely on symptoms and imaging manifestations is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, so it is particularly important to find reliable and accurate biomarkers. Four inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA) have different manifestations and roles in different infectious diseases and stages of infection, and the diagnosis and identification of infectious diseases can be realized through quantitative analysis of these four biomarkers simultaneously. In this study, we developed a colloidal gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐based multiplex LFA strip using eight highly‐sensitive monoclonal antibodies that simultaneously detected CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA in serum within 15 min. And quantitative analysis was achieved with a portable strip reader, the LODs were 2.5 μg/mL, 25.3 pg/mL 0.87 ng/mL and 8.8 μg/mL for CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA, while detection ranges were 2.5–200 μg/mL, 25.3–8000 pg/mL 0.87–100 ng/mL and 8.8–200 μg/mL. Moreover, the quantitative colloidal gold assay correlated well with the results of a chemiluminescence immunoassay when testing clinical serum samples. Our developed method was reliable and accurate according to the recovery test results. Therefore, the strip can be used as an alternative method for the simultaneous monitoring of CRP, IL‐6, PCT and SAA in serum samples.
Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of Eltrombopag Olamine Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open, Randomized, Single‐Dose, and Two‐Period Crossover Study
Authors: Wang Jingyan , Zhao Zhicheng , Tao Ye , Lan Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEltrombopag, a nonpeptide thrombopoietin receptor agonist, is primarily used for treating immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and food‐drug interaction of test and reference eltrombopag olamine tablets among healthy Chinese volunteers. An open, randomized, single‐dose, 2‐period crossover design was employed, involving fasting and fed conditions with a 10‐day washout period. Ninety‐six healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg of the 2 eltrombopag formulations, with 48 participants in each group: fasting volunteers and those consuming a high‐fat, low‐calcium meal. Plasma eltrombopag concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from the concentration‐time profiles. The geometric mean ratios, with 90% confidence intervals, for the maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity fell within the bioequivalence acceptance criteria (80%‐125%) under both fasting and fed conditions, indicating bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations. Administration of eltrombopag with a high‐fat, low‐calcium diet reduced the net systemic exposure by approximately 40%. Adverse events were recorded, and no serious adverse events were observed in either fasting or fed conditions. In conclusion, eltrombopag is well tolerated and exhibits a favorable safety profile in the Chinese population. The achievement of bioequivalence under fasting and fed conditions supports the demonstration of biosimilarity between the test and reference formulations.
A 40.3–50.5 GHz locking range transformer‐based injection‐locked frequency divider utilizing a high third harmonic rejection buffer
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Song Yanhong , Wang Xiyue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInjection‐locked dividers feature ultrahigh operating frequency, low power consumption, and low phase noise, making them suitable for Q‐band phase‐locked loop. This paper presents a transformer‐based divide‐by‐4 injection locking frequency divider with a high third harmonic rejection buffer based on 40‐nm CMOS technology. Employing a fourth‐order transformer resonator enhances the third‐order harmonic amplitude, increasing the injection efficiency and expanding the locking range. The proposed high third harmonic rejection buffer using a source degeneration inductor can effectively suppress the output of the third harmonic caused by the resonator, ultimately yielding a clean fundamental frequency signal. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed divide‐by‐4 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) achieves a locking range of 10.2 GHz (from 40.3 to 50.5 GHz) with 0 dBm input signal. The core divide‐by‐4 ILFD circuit consumes 4.6 mW power with a 0.9 V supply and occupies an area of 0.026 mm2.
Transcriptome Analysis of Myocardial Ischemic‐Hypoxic Injury in Rats and Hypoxic H9C2 Cells
Authors: Niu Nan , Miao Huangtai , Ren Hongmei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to address inconsistencies in results between the H9C2 myocardial hypoxia (MH) cell line and myocardial infarction (MI) rat models used in MI research. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing technology.MethodsRNA sequencing was used to analyse DEGs in MI rat tissues and H9C2 cells exposed to hypoxia for 24 h. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to identify key biological processes and pathways. Weighted correlation network analysis [weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA)] was used to construct gene co‐expression networks, and hub genes were compared with published MI datasets [Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)] for target identification.ResultsGO analysis revealed enrichment of immune inflammation and mitochondrial respiration processes among 5139 DEGs in MI tissues and 2531 in H9C2 cells. KEGG analysis identified 537 overlapping genes associated with metabolism and oxidative stress pathways. Cross‐analyses using the published GSE35088 and GSE47495 datasets identified 40 and 16 overlapping genes, respectively, with nine genes overlapping across all datasets and our models. WGCNA identified a key module in the MI model enriched for mRNA processing and protein binding. GO analysis revealed enrichment of mRNA processing, protein binding and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly in MI and H9C2 MH models. Five relevant hub genes were identified via a cross‐analysis between the 92 hub genes that showed a common expression trend in both models.ConclusionsThis study reveals both shared and distinct transcriptomic responses in the MI and H9C2 models, highlighting the importance of model selection for studying myocardial ischaemia and hypoxia.
Mutagenicity evaluation of methyl tertiary‐ butyl ether in multiple tissues of transgenic rats following whole body inhalation exposure
Authors: Gollapudi B. Bhaskar , Rushton Erik K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE) is used as a component of motor vehicle fuel to enhance combustion efficiency and to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Although MTBE was largely negative in the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies, isolated reports of positive findings along with the observation of tumors in the rat cancer bioassays raised concern for its in vivo mutagenic potential. To investigate this, transgenic male Big Blue Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0 (negative control), 400, 1000, and 3000 ppm MTBE via whole body inhalation for 28 consecutive days, 6 h/day. Mutant frequencies (MF) at the cII locus of the transgene in the nasal epithelium (portal of entry tissue), liver (site of primary metabolism), bone marrow (rapidly proliferating tissue), and kidney (tumor target) were analyzed (5 rats/exposure group) following a 3‐day post‐exposure manifestation period. MTBE did not induce a mutagenic response in any of the tissues investigated. The adequacy of the experimental conditions to detect induced mutations was confirmed by utilizing tissue samples from animals treated with the known mutagen ethyl nitrosourea. These data provide support to the conclusion that MTBE is not an in vivo mutagen and male rat kidney tumors are not likely the result of a mutagenic mode of action.
Distribution characteristics of radiant heat flux on tank surfaces exposed to wildland fires
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Zhou Kuibin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe expansion of wildland‐urban interface tends to expose fuel tanks to wildland fires, the frequency and intensity of which have increased in recent years due to climate change and global warming. This study aims to examine the distribution of radiant heat flux on a tank surface exposed to a wildland fire front, with a particular focus on extreme wildland fires. A theoretical framework is proposed, which consists of a flame length correlation, a thermal radiation model, and a correlation of time to failure, to calculate the radiant heat flux received by the tank surface and the potential for tank failure. The horizontal and circumferential distribution characteristics of the radiant heat flux are intensively discussed, in terms of the heat flux profile, heating area, total heat, time to failure versus the fireline intensity, fireline width, spacing, and tank volume. In particular, extreme wildland fires, characterized by large fireline intensities, could potentially destroy the tank within the safety spacing mandated by the current regulations. Therefore, a comparison between the time to failure and the radiant heating duration is suggested to ascertain the necessary safety spacing. The uncertainties in model calculations are also addressed, which arise from the use of different flame length correlations and flame radiative fractions.
Fusion Genes Landscape of Lung Cancer Patients From Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Yu Lan , Liu Jinyang , Jia Jianchao , Yang Jie , Tong Ruiying , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Yun , Yin Songtao , Li Junlin , Sun Dejun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally. Gene fusion, a key driver of tumorigenesis, has led to the identification of numerous driver gene fusions for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, previous studies focused on Western populations, leaving the possibility of unrecognized lung cancer‐associated gene fusions specific to Inner Mongolia due to its unique genetic background and dietary habits. To address this, we conducted DNA sequencing analysis on tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues from 1200 individuals with lung cancer in Inner Mongolia. Our analysis established a comprehensive fusion gene landscape specific to lung cancer in Inner Mongolia, shedding light on potential region‐specific molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Compared to Western cohorts, we observed a higher occurrence of ALK and RET fusions in Inner Mongolian patients. Additionally, we discovered eight novel fusion genes in three patients: SLC34A2‐EPHB1, CCT6P3‐GSTP1, BARHL2‐APC, HRAS‐MELK, FAM134B‐ERBB2, ABCB1‐GIPC1, GPR98‐ALK, and FAM134B‐SALL1. These previously unreported fusion genes suggest potential regional specificity. Furthermore, we characterized the fusion genes' structures based on breakpoints and described their impact on major functional gene domains. Importantly, the identified novel fusion genes exhibited significant clinical and pathological relevance. Notably, patients with SLC34A2‐EPHB1, CCT6P3‐GSTP1, and BARHL2‐APC fusions showed sensitivity to the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Patients with HRAS‐MELK, FAM134B‐ERBB2, and ABCB1‐GIPC1 fusions showed sensitivity to chemotherapy. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the frequency, distribution, and characteristics of specific fusion genes, offering valuable guidance for the development of effective clinical treatments, particularly in Inner Mongolia.
How effective is our current follow‐up for patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma?
Authors: Stagl Klara , Grasl Stefan , Erovic Boban M. , Janik Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of routine follow‐up in detecting recurrent disease in hypopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsData from 76 patients with a total of 620 follow‐up visits, 367 radiological studies, and 126 panendoscopies were retrospectively assessed regarding the diagnosis of recurrent disease based on the results of (I) radiological studies, (II) clinical examinations, and (III) clinical symptoms.ResultsAll locally relapsed patients became symptomatic, and new onset of dysphagia (p < 0.001) was the most frequent complaint. The sensitivity for detecting local recurrences was 100% for both patients' symptom assessments and clinical examinations. The highest overall accuracy was found for clinical examinations (93.4%), followed by symptom assessments (80.5%), and radiological studies (73.8%). The risk of false positive radiological reports and subsequent panendoscopies was 2.2 times higher after previous radiotherapy (32.0% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.001).ConclusionSymptom assessments and clinical examinations are highly efficient for detection of local failures.
A Telescopic, Scalable and Industrially Feasible Method for the Synthesis of Antidepressant Drug, Moclobemide
Authors: Keshri Akanksha , Gupta Anjali , Gulati Upma , Datt Bhatt Tara , Kashyap Maneesh , Laha Joydev K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn improved, scalable, industrially feasible telescopic process for multigram synthesis of highly commercialized antidepressant drug, moclobemide has been developed. Unlike the conventional approaches, this process enjoys the privilege of being an economical, operationally simple, effectively scalable, and quantitative method for the synthesis of amide‐containing drug moclobemide, showcasing easy isolation and purification without the aid of column chromatography. An environmentally benign reagent combination of TBN and NHS very effectively converts the acyl source, 4‐chlorobenzaldehyde into its N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester intermediate, which simply affords the drug molecule after nucleophilic substitution with the amine source. The synthetic process has successfully been scaled‐up upto ~145 g scale with 75 % overall yield and >95 % first crop HPLC purity.
Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self‐injury among American Indian, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian college students in the United States from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Qeadan Fares , Ross Sydney , Barbeau William A. , Madden Erin F. , English Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a major driver of mortality among college students and is the leading cause of death among American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian (AI/AN/NH) young adults.MethodsData on suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and self‐injury among AI/AN/NH college students (n = 8103) were analyzed via multivariable logistic regressions employing the American College Health Association National College Health Assessment survey from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to assess how opioid misuse may act as a risk or protective factor for suicidality and self‐injury.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2019, suicidal ideation was the most prevalent dimension of suicidality affecting AI/AN/NH college students (ranges from 12.69% to 18.35%), followed by self‐injury (7.83%–11.41%) and suicide attempt (2.40%–4.10%). AI/AN/NH college students who reported opioid misuse were significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation (aOR: 1.417; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.154–1.740) and self‐injury (aOR: 1.684; 95% CI: 1.341–2.116) than those who did not engage in such behavior.ConclusionsWe identified opioid misuse as a potential risk factor for suicidal ideation and intentional self‐injury among populations of AI/AN/NH college students. Programs seeking to reduce suicide prevalence among Indigenous college students may benefit from the inclusion of evidence‐based interventions that prevent and treat issues related to opioid use.
Median effective dosage of midazolam oral solution for preschool children in preoperative sedation
Authors: Jiang Rui , Wang De‐Chuan , Zhao Nan , An Ke , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to detect median effective dosage (ED50) of midazolam oral solution (MOS) for preschool children in preoperative sedation. Thirty children (3–6 years old, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18–28 kg/m2, American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA) I‐II) scheduled for the hidden penis correction surgery under general anesthesia were selected. The effective dosage of MOS for preschool children in preoperative sedation was measured by sequential method. The initial dose was set at 0.5 mg/kg, with a concentration gradient of 0.1 mg/kg. Sedation was deemed successful if the patients’ Ramsay sedation scores were ≥4 and Frankl treatment compliance rating scale was ≥3, without any grade III or higher adverse events during anesthesia. If these criteria were met, the dosage for the next patient was reduced by one gradient based on the last patient's dosage, otherwise, the dosage for the next patient was increased by one gradient. This process was repeated until the 7th inflection point from unsuccessful to successful sedation was reached, at which point the trial was terminated. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the ED50, 95% effective doses (ED95) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MOS. Adverse reactions such as bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, and blurred vision were recorded during sedation. This study revealed that the ED50 and ED95 of MOS for preschool children preoperative sedation are 0.627 mg/kg (95% CI 0.582–0.669 mg/kg) and 0.795 mg/kg (95% CI 0.712–1.211 mg/kg), respectively, providing a reference for the administration of MOS in this population.
Deciphering functional groups of rumen microbiome and their underlying potentially causal relationships in shaping host traits
Authors: Xue Ming‐Yuan , Xie Yun‐Yi , Zang Xin‐Wei , Zhong Yi‐Fan , Ma Xiao‐Jiao , Sun Hui‐Zeng , Liu Jian‐Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the years, microbiome research has achieved tremendous advancements driven by culture‐independent meta‐omics approaches. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the functional roles and causal effects of the microbiome on phenotypes remains limited. In this study, we focused on the rumen metaproteome, combining it with metatranscriptome and metabolome data to accurately identify the active functional distributions of rumen microorganisms and specific functional groups that influence feed efficiency. By integrating host genetics data, we established the potentially causal relationships between microbes‐proteins/metabolites‐phenotype, and identified specific patterns in which functional groups of rumen microorganisms influence host feed efficiency. We found a causal link between Selenomonas bovis and rumen carbohydrate metabolism, potentially mediated by bacterial chemotaxis and a two‐component regulatory system, impacting feed utilization efficiency of dairy cows. Our study on the nutrient utilization functional groups in the rumen of high‐feed‐efficiency dairy cows, along with the identification of key microbiota functional proteins and their potentially causal relationships, will help move from correlation to causation in rumen microbiome research. This will ultimately enable precise regulation of the rumen microbiota for optimized ruminant production.
The Sorcerer in Sword Art Online: A Glance at the Archetype
Authors: Moffett Todd 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSome villains in the anime Sword Art Online are influenced by the sorcerer archetype, drawn from legends of fairyland, medieval tales of hostile magicians, and the ancient figure of the shaman. The concentration of sorcerers in SAO makes it fertile ground for tracing the archetype in both Western and Japanese sources before turning to how SAO uses those influences in its world‐building and in the development of its own brand of sorcerer.
Are the promnestic effects of neurokinin 3 receptor mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis in a Aβ‐induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Koca Raviye Ozen , Gormus Z. Isık Solak , Solak Hatice , Celik Fatma Secer , Kurar Ercan , Kutlu Selim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunction, memory loss and mood changes. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been suggested to play a role in learning and memory. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) has been shown to be prevalent in the hippocampus region. The aim of the project was to investigate the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the promnestic effects of NK3R agonist administration in an amyloid beta‐induced AD rat model. Wistar albino rats were divided into control, Alzheimer, NK3R agonist and Alzheimer + NK3R agonist groups. The open field (OF) test and Morris water maze (MWM) test were performed for locomotor activity and memory analysis. Peptide gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1, Neun, BDNF) were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In the OF test, the group–time relationship was found to be statistically different in the parameters of distance travelled and percentage of movement (p < 0.05). In MWM, the time to reach the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were statistically significant between the groups (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed in gene expression levels (Nestin, DCX, Neuritin, MASH1) in the hippocampal tissue of rats between the groups (p < 0.05). NK3 receptor agonism favourably affected hippocampal neurogenesis in AD model rats. It was concluded that NK3 receptor agonism in the hippocampus, which is the first affected region in the physiopathology of AD, may be effective in both the formation of neural precursor cells and the reduction of neuronal degeneration. The positive effect of NK3R on cognitive functions may be mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis.
Impact of aging on peribiliary glands in ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Katano Kaoru , Nakanuma Shinichi , Tokoro Tomokazu , Takei Ryohei , Takada Satoshi , Okazaki Mitsuyoshi , Kato Kaichiro , Makino Isamu , Harada Kenichi , Yagi Shintaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe detailed mechanisms underlying the development of ischemia‐type biliary lesions (ITBLs) in aged donor grafts remain unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the impact of aging on the response of the peribiliary gland (PBG) to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and its temporal changes.MethodsExperiments were performed using a 90‐min partial warm liver ischemia model in male Wistar rats of two age groups: young (7–8 weeks old) and old (52–60 weeks old). Liver tissues were obtained 24, 72, and 168 h after IRI. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of the perihilar bile duct (PHBD), including the PBG, distal to the clip‐clamped site were performed.ResultsYoung rats showed little change in the bile duct tissues after IRI. However, old rats showed an increased PBG volume in the PHBD and marked PBG cell proliferation 24 h after IRI. Bile duct wall thickening with narrowing of the lumen peaked 72 h after IRI. Mucus production and oxidative stress in the PBG were significantly higher in old than in young rats after IRI. These findings showed a trend toward improvement 168 h after IRI.ConclusionAge‐dependent differences in the response of the PBG to IRI may be related to differences in ITBL frequency.