bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why people share knowledge in virtual communities?
Authors: Lin Fu‐ren , Huang Hui‐yi 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the question: why Google Answers and Yahoo! Kimo Knowledge+, both virtual communities built on users asking and answering questions with different rewarding mechanisms, have different outcomes.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the authors developed the constructs, including self‐efficacy, altruism, reward, and the sense of virtual community, that influence the intention of sharing knowledge in terms of answering questions on Knowledge+.FindingsThe results show that users showing higher levels of contribution tended to be motivated by virtual rewards, such as advanced ranks, and the need for self‐fulfillment. Additionally, for these knowledge providers, altruism is also an important factor. Therefore, these users share not because of a reward but because of altruism and fulfillment. The findings can answer why Google Answers failed with its monetary rewards but Knowledge+ remains with its virtual rewarding mechanism.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends the literature on understanding the antecedents of sharing knowledge in terms of answering others’ questions in virtual communities. Especially, it identifies different factors affecting the intention of users in different levels of engagement with the community to share knowledge.Practical implicationsThe various effective factors influencing users’ knowledge sharing behavior identified in this study can guide the incentive mechanism design for virtual communities.Originality/valueBesides proposing research models to identify the constructs affecting the users’ intention to answer questions in a virtual community, such as Knowledge+, this study compares the models explaining the intention to share knowledge in different user groups with different levels of knowledge contribution. This research design is unique from the prior literatures; Moreover, the results shed light on designing incentive mechanisms for knowledge sharing in virtual communities.
Illusions of team working in health care
Authors: West Michael A. , Lyubovnikova Joanne 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe ubiquity and value of teams in healthcare are well acknowledged. However, in practice, healthcare teams vary dramatically in their structures and effectiveness in ways that can damage team processes and patient outcomes. The aim of this paper is to highlight these characteristics and to extrapolate several important aspects of teamwork that have a powerful impact on team effectiveness across healthcare contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon the literature from health services management and organisational behaviour to provide an overview of the current science of healthcare teams.FindingsUnderpinned by the input‐process‐output framework of team effectiveness, team composition, team task, and organisational support are viewed as critical inputs that influence key team processes including team objectives, leadership and reflexivity, which in turn impact staff and patient outcomes. Team training interventions and care pathways can facilitate more effective interdisciplinary teamwork.Originality/valueThe paper argues that the prevalence of the term “team” in healthcare makes the synthesis and advancement of the scientific understanding of healthcare teams a challenge. Future research therefore needs to better define the fundamental characteristics of teams in studies in order to ensure that findings based on real teams, rather than pseudo‐like groups, are accumulated.
Segmenting tourists by direct tourism expenditures at new festivals
Authors: Taylor Damonte L. , Collins Michael D. , Megehee Carol M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method for estimating new direct tourism spending resulting from a new event in an existing destination.Design/methodology/approachIntercept surveys were conducted on site at six of nine festival locations. Of the 308 festival participants approached at random and asked to participate, 264 agreed to participate (86 percent response rate). Upon further inquiry, only 47 percent of those agreeing to participate were found to be from zip codes outside of the Horry/Georgetown County “Grand Strand” tourist area. These 145 festival participants were administered surveys.FindingsLess than 30 percent of total tourist spending at the festival is attributable to new tourists – those who specifically traveled to the destination primarily for the event and have historically attended Myrtle Beach less than one time per year. Consequently, the economic impact of the festival, in terms of new spending, was relatively small compared to the total amount of tourist spending by all tourists at the festival.Originality/valueThe study provides an example of an event for which new tourist spending could have been overestimated if all tourist spending had been considered to be new spending.
Intangibles: enhancing access to cities' cultural heritage through interpretation
Authors: Mitsche Nicole , Vogt Franziska , Knox Dan , Cooper I. , Lombardi Patrizia , Ciaffi Daniela 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilise commodification for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in cities by developing interpretative strategies, specifically enabling access to intangible cultural heritage through its tangible parts.Design/methodology/approachIn total, three case studies were conducted in the cities of Amsterdam, Genoa and Leipzig, through a workshop cycle with destination and local tourism stakeholders and citizen representatives, to develop interpretative strategies for the cities.FindingsThe paper identifies tangible and intangible cultural heritage of the three cities, and integrates them into stories and outlines the development of an interpretative strategy for destinations independent from, but aligned with, the current marketing and positioning strategy development level.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should examine the integration process of interpretative strategies and heritage interpretation of cultural heritage in marketing strategies, and in particular focus on the intangible aspects.Originality/valueThe article integrates and highlights the value of intangible cultural heritage and interpretation of cultural heritage in general for marketing purposes through the development of an interpretative strategy improving access to destinations' cultural heritage supporting destination management. The article adds to the research discussion of the commodification of cultural heritage.
Relevant attributes of Portuguese wines: matching regions and consumer's involvement level
Authors: Fernandes Ferreira Madureira Teresa C. , Simões de Sousa Nunes Fernando J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and understand the relevant attributes, extrinsic and intrinsic, that Portuguese consumers value and are relevant in the decision process for choosing wine. Further, the study aims to check possible differences in the valued attributes regarding consumer's involvement level and wine Region Origin.Design/methodology/approachThe research was designed to identify relevant wine attributes and measure their importance when choosing a wine. In order to achieve this objective and match it with consumers' involvement and wine origin region, 30 Focus Groups were performed, involving 171 consumers from five Portuguese regions of origin.FindingsThe region of origin is the attribute that triggers the process of choosing a wine. Label/back label, price, bottle, brand, and wine varieties are also important clues, nevertheless differently valorised according to consumers' involvement. The less relevant attributes are winemaker/producer information, medals/awards, and overall design. Their importance varies with the degree of consumers' involvement and the wine region of origin. The main intrinsic attributes are flavour and aroma, regardless of involvement level or region of origin. Wine balance, freshness, acidity, colour and body have different perceptions, depending on the regions of origin. Alcohol content and gas are the least valued attributes.Originality/valueResults allow an extended perspective about the process of buying wine, matching the importance of the relevant attributes with consumers' involvement level and region of origin. The study can contribute to an accurate market‐orientation perspective.
Lean and six sigma – critical success factors revisited
Authors: Näslund Dag 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the critical success factors (CSF) for lean and six sigma and an analysis of these CSF as compared to previously popular change methods.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a literature search and comparative analysis complemented with examples from previous case studies.FindingsWith only slight variations, the critical success factors are similar for all the change methods. Furthermore, the critical success factors seem to be relatively constant over time. Another important finding is that the CSF tend to relate more to how an organization approaches the change effort versus change method specific factors. The issues of management support and organizational culture are often emphasized as especially critical. The paper highlights and discusses three additional important CSF: strategic alignment, project management and training.Practical implicationsThe awareness of CSF, in combination with an awareness of similarities between the methods, can potentially guide organizations in implementations of existing change efforts, and also prepare them for the next widely popular change method – when it arrives.Originality/valueThe paper presents the comparison of such aspects as goals, approaches, structure and tools and a detailed analysis of critical success factors.
Financial inclusion and its determinants: evidence from India
Authors: Kumar Nitin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe objective of paper is to examine status of financial inclusion in India and study its determinants.Design/methodology/approachPanel fixed effects and dynamic panel generalized methods of moments (GMM) methodologies have been applied to study determinants of financial inclusion. Additionally, Kendall's index of rank concordance has been derived to test for convergence of states in achieving financial inclusion.FindingsBranch network has unambiguous beneficial impact on financial inclusion. Both proportion of factories and employee base turn out to be significant determinants of penetration indicators. The findings reveal the importance of a region's socio‐economic and environmental setup in shaping banking habit of masses. Using test for convergence it is found that regions tend to maintain their respective level of banking activity, with no support for closing gap.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, no panel data study has been performed for India based on data for large number of states and a reasonable time span. This study utilizes 29 major states and union territories encompassing 1995 to 2008, which helps to increase degree of freedom and provide reliable results. The study helps us to ascertain direction and strength of various causal factors in process offer policy makers' strategies, for improving financial inclusion.
Fighting consumer price inflation in Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of policy options in financial dynamics (of money, credit, efficiency and size) on consumer prices. Soaring food prices have marked the geopolitical landscape of African countries in the past decade.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is limited to a panel of African countries for which inflation is non‐stationary. VAR models from both error correction and Granger causality perspectives are applied. Analyses of dynamic shocks and responses are also covered and six batteries of robustness checks are applied, to ensure consistency in the results.FindingsFirst, it is found that there are significant long‐run equilibriums between inflation and each financial dynamic. Second, when there is a disequilibrium, while only financial depth and financial size could be significantly used to exert deflationary pressures, inflation is significant in adjusting all financial dynamics. In other words, financial depth and financial size are more significant instruments in fighting inflation than financial efficiency and activity. Third, the financial intermediary dynamic of size appears to be more instrumental in exerting a deflationary tendency than financial intermediary depth. Fourth, the deflationary tendency from money supply is double that based on liquid liabilities.Practical implicationsMonetary policy aimed at fighting inflation only based on bank deposits may not be very effective until other informal and semi‐formal financial sectors are taken into account. It could be inferred that, tight monetary policy targeting the ability of banks to grant credit (in relation to central bank credits) is more effective in tackling consumer price inflation than that, targeting the ability of banks to receive deposits. In the same vein, adjusting the lending rate could be more effective than adjusting the deposit rate. The insignificance of financial allocation efficiency and financial activity as policy tools in the battle against inflation could be explained by the (well documented) surplus liquidity issues experienced by the African banking sector.Social implicationsThis paper helps in providing monetary policy options in the fight against soaring consumer prices. By keeping inflationary pressures on food prices in check, sustained campaigns involving strikes, demonstrations, marches, rallies and political crises that seriously disrupt economic performance could be mitigated.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowlege, there is yet no study that assesses monetary policy options that could be relevant in addressing the dramatic surge in the price of consumer commodities.
The scripting of male and female rape
Authors: Davies Michelle , Walker Jayne , Archer John , Pollard Paul 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how male and female rape is scripted.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 100 (50 male, 50 female) participants were asked to write down in their own words what they considered to be the typical rape when the victim was either an adult male or female.FindingsResults revealed that men's and women's rape scripts did not dramatically differ, though several differences were revealed between male and female rape scripting, focussing around the gender stereotypes of men verses women.Originality/valueResults are discussed in relation to gender role stereotyping and wider implications are considered.
Perspectives of occupational therapists working in primary health promotion
Authors: Wood Rebecca , Fortune Tracy , McKinstry Carol 
Published: March 2013

Background/aimGiven a global reorientation of health services towards upstream, or primary health promotion, there is a need to explore the role of occupational therapy in this area of practice. This study aimed to explore and describe the primary health promotion practice of community health workers with an occupational therapy background. The study highlights their practice working at a community or population (macro) level, rather than at the client service (micro) level, and explores related enablers and barriers to this practice.MethodsThe study utilised the qualitative methodology of narrative enquiry. Five workers with an occupational therapy background were recruited from community health services within Victoria. Data were gathered via in‐depth interviews. Individual participant interview data were ordered to form a narrative detailing each participant's experience. These narratives were then analysed to generate themes representing important aspects of participant's experiences.ResultsAlthough some practitioners with an occupational therapy background perform primary health promotion, the findings indicate that a number of barriers deter occupational therapists from engaging in this type of practice, including lack of funding, preparation and limited understanding of the role of occupational therapy in health promotion. Enablers to engagement included undertaking further education, gaining clinical experience and establishing a professional identity.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the experiences of occupational therapists who work at a macro rather than micro‐level of practice, and emphasises some of the barriers and enablers to embracing the sorts of roles that are emerging as part of a changing health system.
Working with populations from a refugee background: An opportunity to enhance the occupational therapy educational experience
Authors: Smith Yda J. , Cornella Erika , Williams Nyles 
Published: March 2013

Background/aimThe purpose of this study was to determine the educational value of an occupational therapy fieldwork placement where students work with people from a refugee background. Research was designed to contribute to the limited evidence regarding the benefits and challenges of traditional vs. non‐traditional fieldwork settings and to explore the application of occupational therapy related to working with refugee populations.MethodFourteen participants were interviewed using semi‐structured, open‐ended questions to explore perspectives on how their experience influenced their education and professional development. Face‐to‐face interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions and hard‐copy data were analysed to identify emergent themes and subthemes. Triangulation and member‐checking increased trustworthiness.ResultsThree major themes emerged in this study: Operational therapy at its Core; Cultural Awareness and Competence; and Basic Skills for Any Setting. Subthemes emerged but for the purposes of this article only the major themes are discussed.ConclusionA fieldwork experience working with people of a refugee background can facilitate the development of cultural awareness and competence, as well as foundational professional skills. In this setting, the importance of occupation‐based, client‐centred practice can be fully realised. Results indicate that this fieldwork setting is a suitable environment for experiencing occupational therapy principles and that labelling fieldwork experiences working with people from a refugee background as ‘non‐traditional’ may be inappropriate. Learning experiences reported by students also reveal the benefits of working independently at times without direct supervision of an occupational therapist.
Differential patterns of regional neuroadrenergic cardiovascular drive in acromegalic disease
Authors: Seravalle Gino , Carzaniga Chiara , Sciortino Giovanna , Attanasio Roberto , Fatti Letizia Maria , Cozzi Renato , Montini Marcella , Vitale Giovanni , Brambilla Gianmaria , Cavagnini Francesco , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido , Scacchi Massimo 
Published: March 2013

Summary

It has been shown that acromegaly is characterized by an autonomic imbalance and by marked sympathoinhibition. However, there is no information available as to whether adrenergic inhibition is confined to selected vascular districts or, rather, is generalized.

We examined 17 newly diagnosed active acromegalic patients without hyperprolactinaemia, pituitary hormone deficiencies, obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiac hypertrophy and 14 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and body mass index. For each subject, we collected information regarding anthropometric parameters and echocardiography, and collected plasma samples to investigate anterior pituitary function, glucose and lipid metabolism and plasma leptin levels.

Beat‐to‐beat mean arterial pressure, heart rate and efferent post‐ganglionic muscle and skin sympathetic nerve traffic (MSNA and SSNA, respectively; determined by microneurography) were measured. Both MSNA and SSNA were recorded in a randomized sequence over two 30 min periods. Measurements also included evaluation of SSNA responses to emotional stimulus.

In addition to significant reductions in plasma leptin levels, acromegalic patients had markedly decreased MSNA compared with the healthy controls. There were no significant differences in SSNA between the two groups, either under basal conditions or in responses to arousal stimuli. There was a significant and direct correlation between MSNA and plasma leptin levels, but not between plasma leptin and SSNA.

These data provide the first evidence that the sympathetic inhibition characterizing the early phase of acromegaly is not generalized to the entire cardiovascular system.
Molecular targets in the discovery and development of novel antimetastatic agents: Current progress and future prospects
Authors: Wong Mei S , Sidik Shiran M , Mahmud Rozi , Stanslas Johnson 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Tumour invasion and metastasis have been recognized as major causal factors in the morbidity and mortality among cancer patients. Many advances in the knowledge of cancer metastasis have yielded an impressive array of attractive drug targets, including enzymes, receptors and multiple signalling pathways.

The present review summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of metastasis and the identification of novel molecular targets used in the discovery of antimetastatic agents. Several promising targets have been highlighted, including receptor tyrosine kinases, effector molecules involved in angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), urokinase plasminogen activator, adhesion molecules and their receptors, signalling pathways (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phospholipase Cγ1, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, c‐Src kinase, c‐Met kinases and heat shock protein.

The discovery and development of potential novel therapeutics for each of the targets are also discussed in this review. Among these, the most promising agents that have shown remarkable clinical outcome are anti‐angiogenic agents (e.g. bevacizumab). Newer agents, such as c‐Met kinase inhibitors, are still undergoing preclinical studies and are yet to have their clinical efficacy proven.

Some therapeutics, such as first‐generation MMP inhibitors (MMPIs; e.g. marimastat) and more selective versions of them (e.g. prinomastat, tanomastat), have undergone clinical trials. Unfortunately, these drugs produced serious adverse effects that led to the premature termination of their development.

In the future, third‐generation MMPIs and inhibitors of signalling pathways and adhesion molecules could form valuable novel classes of drugs in the anticancer armamentarium to combat metastasis.