bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated global distribution of the threatened marine limpetPatella ferruginea(Gastropoda: Patellidae): an example of biodiversity loss in the Mediterranean
Authors: Espinosa Free , Rivera-Ingraham Georgina A. , Maestre Manuel , González Alexandre R. , Bazairi Hocein , García-Gómez José C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPatella ferrugineais the most threatened macroinvertebrate in the western Mediterranean, where it is at serious risk of extinction. There is little information on the status of the various populations and most data were published more than 25 years ago. This study provides updated information on the global status of this species, and implications for management and conservation, and tests the hypothesis that population structure can be influenced by collection by people and by the type of substrate. Fifty-five localities were surveyed in Corsica, Sardinia, Tuscany and Sicily, on the islands of Egadi and Pantelleria, and on the Zembra archipelago and Tunisian coasts. The species is extinct on mainland Italy and Sicily but isolated individuals can be found on Egadi and Pantelleria. Populations on Corsica and Sardinia have declined dramatically during the last 25 years. The population in the Zembra archipelago is well preserved, although more widely on Tunisian coasts the species is highly threatened. The information provided here, combined with information from the literature, indicates a strong decline and/or extinction of many populations throughout the western Mediterranean and the presence of healthy populations only in some locations along the north African coast. The species exhibits an increase in density and mean size in areas free of human pressure but the type of substrate (natural or artificial) has no strong influence.
Evaluating free school fruit: results from a natural experiment in Norway with representative data
Authors: Øvrum Arnstein , Bere Elling 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess impacts of the nationwide Norwegian School Fruit Scheme (NSFS) using nationally representative data.DesignThe NSFS is organized such that primary-school children (grades 1–7) are randomly assigned to one of three school fruit arrangements: (i) the child receives one free fruit or vegetable per day; (ii) the child is given the option to subscribe to one fruit or vegetable per day at a subsidized price; and (iii) the child attends a school that has no school fruit arrangement.SettingData from an Internet survey are used to compare child and parental fruit and vegetable intakes across the three NSFS groups focusing mainly on groups (i) and (iii). The analysis was conducted using multivariate regression techniques.SubjectsParents of primary-school children (n 1423) who report on behalf of themselves and their children.ResultsChildren who receive free school fruit eat on average 0·36 more fruit portions daily – or 25·0 % more fruits – than children who attend schools with no fruit arrangement (P < 0·001). Moreover, parents of children who receive free school fruit eat on average 0·19 more fruit portions daily – or 12·5 % more fruits – than parents of children who attend schools with no fruit arrangement (P = 0·040). No significant associations were found between the NSFS and the vegetable intakes of children and their parents.ConclusionsThe study shows, using nationally representative data, that free school fruit is associated with increased child fruit intake and that it may also affect parental fruit intake.
STING-IRF3 pathway links endoplasmic reticulum stress with hepatocyte apoptosis in early alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Petrasek Jan , Iracheta-Vellve Arvin , Csak Timea , Satishchandran Abhishek , Kodys Karen , Kurt-Jones Evelyn A. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: September 2013

Significance
This paper provides previously undescribed evidence that STING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in DNA sensing, couples ER stress with apoptotic signaling in alcoholic liver disease. The proapoptotic role of STING is mediated by the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and this is independent of inflammation or Type-I interferons. Activation of STING and IRF3, originally reported in the context of antiviral response, determines survival of hepatocytes in early alcoholic liver disease suggesting that innate immunity regulates hepatocyte pathophysiology independent of inflammation.
Superior induction and maintenance of protective CD8 T cells in mice infected with mouse cytomegalovirus vector expressing RAE-1γ
Authors: Tršan Tihana , Busche Andreas , Abram Maja , Wensveen Felix M. , Lemmermann Niels A. , Arapović Maja , Babić Marina , Tomić Adriana , Golemac Mijo , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Jäger Wiebke , Oxenius Annette , Polić Bojan , Krmpotić Astrid , Messerle Martin , Jonjić Stipan 
Published: September 2013

Significance
There are a number of pathogens for which the immunity acquired postinfection does not fully protect against reinfection and disease. Therefore, vaccines offering superior protection compared with the protection following natural infection are needed. Due to a unique pattern of immune response induced by cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), live attenuated CMVs are attractive candidates for vaccine vectors. Here we have demonstrated that a recombinant CMV vector expressing RAE-1γ, a cellular ligand for activating NKG2D receptor expressed on several types of immune cells, has tremendous potential for subverting viral immunoevasion and enhancing the efficiency of the CD8 T-cell response against vectored antigens. This study demonstrates a significant new approach in designing T-cell–based vaccine vectors.
Historical perspectives and domestication.
Authors: Bazile D. , Fuentes F. , Mujica Á. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes the domestication and geographical distribution of Chenopodium spp., with emphasis on C. quinoa. The correlation between human settlements and agriculture development is mentioned. An overview of quinoa breeding using a variety of wild relatives is presented, and the degree of genetic diversity in this crop as a result of genetic improvement efforts is described.
Distribution.
Authors: Bhargava A. , Srivastava S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This chapter presents the distribution of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in the Andean Region, South America (Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Argentina and Colombia), Europe, North America, Africa and Asia. The performance of quinoa in these regions is described, and an overview of research on quinoa in these areas is provided.
Climate change: no consensus on consensus.
Authors: Curry J. A. , Webster P. J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This essay explores the history and consequences of scientific consensus building activities by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the topic of dangerous anthropogenic climate change. A broad view of consensus is provided in the context of the philosophy of science and the social and psychological issues that contribute to bias. The role of scientific consensus in policy making is discussed. An overview is provided of critiques of the IPCC consensus process. A summary of recommendations is provided aimed at improving the interface between climate science and policy in ways that can support decision making associated with growing implications of 'messy wickedness' of the climate change problem.
Soil food web controls on nitrogen mineralization are influenced by agricultural practices in humid temperate climates.
Authors: Whalen J. K. , Kernecker M. L. , Thomas B. W. , Sachdeva V. , Ngosong C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Agricultural crop production depends upon judicious use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to sustain yields. Globally, the N recovery rate by crops is about 60%, meaning that the rest of the N applied to agroecosystems is transformed to forms that are not available for crop uptake or are lost to the environment. Considering that part of the soil N supplied to crops comes from biological N
2
fixation and mineralization of soil organic N, quantifying these contributions could reduce our reliance on exogenous N inputs. This review examined how the microbially mediated reactions of N mineralization and nitrification contribute to the soil N supply, and biotic controls on these reactions in the soil food web. Potential N mineralization by heterotrophic bacteria and fungi can exceed 10% of the total soil N per year, and ammonium released by mineralization is rapidly transformed to nitrate through the action of chemoautotrophic ammonia oxidizers (bacteria and archaea) followed by heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic nitriflers (bacteria and fungi). Predation of these micro-organisms, primarily by soil microfauna, accounts for additional release of ammonium, estimated at 32-38% of the annual N mineralization. Soil meso- and macro-fauna also contribute to N mineralization and nitrification by accelerating the decomposition of organic substrates and modifying the soil habitat in ways that favour microbial activity. Tillage, application of organic amendments and improving soil drainage in humid temperate regions should favour N mineralization and nitrification processes in soil food web, whereas agrochemical use is expected to have a negligible effect. In summary, the soil food web contribution to N mineralization needs to be included in the soil N supply concept, which requires the development of field-based measurements and models of the soil N supply.
‘Why must I wait?’ The performance of legitimacy in a hospital emergency department
Authors: Hillman Alexandra 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines the processes of negotiation that occur between patients and medical staff over accessing emergency medical resources. The field extracts are drawn from an ethnographic study of a UK emergency department (ED) in a large, inner city teaching hospital. The article focuses on the triage system for patient prioritisation as the first point of access to the ED. The processes of categorising patients for priority of treatment and care provide staff with the opportunities to maintain control over what defines the ED as a service, as types of work and as particular kinds of patients. Patients and relatives are implicated in this categorical work in the course of interactions with staff as they provide reasons and justifications for their attendance. Their success in legitimising their claim to treatment depends upon self‐presentation and identity work that (re)produces individual responsibility as a dominant moral order. The extent to which people attending the ED can successfully perform as legitimate is shown to contribute to their placement into positive or negative staff‐constituted patient categories, thus shaping their access to the resources of emergency medicine and their experience of care.
On the Limits of Transparency: The Role of Imperfect Central Bank Knowledge
Authors: Sánchez Marcelo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper studies the link between how much a central bank knows and reveals to the public. We focus on the central bank's attitude towards the evolving trade‐off in its preferences between inflation and output. These preferences may shift depending on the economic structure and the composition of the monetary policy committee, making the central bank reluctant to commit to a specific trade‐off between inflation and output. The quality of the information disclosed to the public is higher the more the central bank knows about how its preferences may evolve. The public forms inflation expectations reacting to the information it receives about central bank preferences, but also taking into account the worst possible inflation outcome. Macroeconomic stability is at its highest when the central bank reveals all the information it possesses about its preferences, regardless of how much the central bank knows about them. The quality of the information revealed to the public may also enhance macroeconomic stability.
Foreign Investors under Stress: Evidence From India
Authors: Patnaik Ila , Shah Ajay , Singh Nirvikar 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEmerging market policy makers have been concerned about the financial stability implications of financial globalization. These concerns are focused on behaviour under stressed conditions. Do tail events in the home country trigger extreme responses by foreign investors – are foreign investors ‘fair weather friends’? In this, is there asymmetry between the response of foreign investors to very good versus very bad days? Do foreign investors have a major impact on domestic markets through large inflows or outflows – are they ‘big fish in a small pond’? Do extreme events in world markets induce extreme behaviour by foreign investors, thus making them vectors of crisis transmission? We propose a modified event study methodology focused on tail events, which yields evidence on these questions. The results, for India, do not suggest that financial globalization has induced instability on the equity market.
A molecular diagnostic tool for the preliminary assessment of host–parasitoid associations in biological control programmes for a new invasive pest
Authors: Gariepy T. D. , Haye T. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEvaluation of host–parasitoid associations can be tenuous using conventional methods. Molecular techniques are well placed to identify trophic links and resolve host–parasitoid associations. Establishment of the highly invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), outside Asia has prompted interest in the use of egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as biological control agents. However, little is known regarding their host ranges. To address this, a DNA barcoding approach was taken wherein general PCR primers for Scelionidae and Pentatomidae were developed to amplify and sequence >500‐bp products within the DNA barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene that would permit the identification of key players in this association. Amplification of DNA from Pentatomidae and Scelionidae was consistent across a broad range of taxa within these families, and permitted the detection of Scelionidae eggs within H. halys 1 h following oviposition. In laboratory assays, amplification and sequencing of DNA from empty, parasitized eggs was successful for both host (100% success) and parasitoid (50% success). When applied to field‐collected, empty egg masses, the primers permitted host identification in 50–100% of the eggs analysed, and yielded species‐level identifications. Parasitoid identification success ranged from 33 to 67% among field‐collected eggs, with genus‐level identification for most specimens. The inability to obtain species‐level identities for these individuals is due to the lack of coverage of this taxonomic group in public DNA sequence databases; this situation is likely to improve as more species are sequenced and recorded in these databases. These primers were able to detect and identify both pentatomid host and scelionid parasitoid in a hyperparasitized egg mass, thereby clarifying trophic links otherwise unresolved by conventional methodology.
Time-Averaged and Time-Accurate Aerodynamic Effects of Forward Rotor Cavity Purge Flow for a High-Pressure Turbine—Part I: Analytical and Experimental Comparisons
Authors: Green Brian R. , Mathison Randall M. , Dunn Michael G. 
Published: September 2013

The effect of rotor purge flow on the unsteady aerodynamics of a high-pressure turbine stage operating at design corrected conditions has been investigated, both experimentally and computationally. The experimental configuration consisted of a single-stage high-pressure turbine with a modern film-cooling configuration on the vane airfoil and the inner and outer end wall surfaces. Purge flow was introduced into the cavity located between the high-pressure vane and the high-pressure disk. The high-pressure blades and the downstream low-pressure turbine nozzle row were not cooled. All of the hardware featured an aerodynamic design typical of a commercial high-pressure ratio turbine and the flow path geometry was representative of the actual engine hardware. In addition to instrumentation in the main flow path, the stationary and rotating seals of the purge flow cavity were instrumented with high frequency response flush-mounted pressure transducers and miniature thermocouples in order to measure the flow field parameters above and below the angel wing.
Predictions of the time-dependent flow field in the turbine flow path were obtained using FINE/Turbo, a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics CFD code that had the capability to perform both a steady and unsteady analysis. The steady and unsteady flow fields throughout the turbine were predicted using a three blade-row computational model that incorporated the purge flow cavity between the high-pressure vane and disk. The predictions were performed in an effort to mimic the design process with no adjustment of boundary conditions to better match the experimental data. The time-accurate predictions were generated using the harmonic method. Part I of this paper concentrates on the comparison of the time-averaged and time-accurate predictions with measurements in and around the purge flow cavity. The degree of agreement between the measured and predicted parameters is described in detail, providing confidence in the predictions for the flow field analysis that will be provided in Part II.
Study of Fuel Composition, Burner Material, and Tip Temperature
Effects on Flashback of Enclosed Jet Flame
Authors: Duan Zhixuan , Shaffer Brendan , McDonell Vincent 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Flashback is a key challenge for low NOx premixed combustion of high hydrogen content fuels. Previous work on jet burner configurations has systematically investigated the impact of fuel composition on flashback propensity, and noted that burner tip temperature played an important role on flashback, yet did not quantify any specific effect (Shaffer, B., Duan, Z., and McDonell, V., 2013, “Study of Fuel Composition Effects on Flashback Using a Confined Jet Flame Burner,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, 135(1), p. 011502). The present work further investigates the coupling of flashback with burner tip temperature and leads to models for flashback propensity as a function of parameters studied. To achieve this, a jet burner configuration with interchangeable burner materials was developed along with automated flashback detection and rim temperature monitoring. An inline heater provides preheated air up to 810 K. Key observations include that for a given condition, tip temperature of a quartz burner at flashback is higher than that of a stainless burner. As a result, the flashback propensity of a quartz tube is about double of that of a stainless tube. A polynomial model based on analysis of variance is presented and shows that, if the tip temperature is introduced as a parameter, better correlations result. A physical model is developed and illustrates that the critical velocity gradient is proportional to the laminar flame speed computed using the measured tip temperature. The addition of multiple parameters further refined the prediction of the flashback propensity, and the effects of materials are discussed qualitatively using a simple heat transfer analysis.
Multiple Genome Sequences of Helicobacter pylori Strains of Diverse Disease and Antibiotic Resistance Backgrounds from Malaysia
Authors: Rehvathy Vellaya , Tan Mun Hua , Gunaletchumy Selva Perumal , Teh Xinsheng , Wang Susana , Baybayan Primo , Singh Siddarth , Ashby Meredith , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Mitchell Hazel M. , Croft Laurence J. , Goh Khean Lee , Loke Mun Fai , Vadivelu Jamuna 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
causes human gastroduodenal diseases, including chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. It is also a major microbial risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Twenty-one strains with different ethnicity, disease, and antimicrobial susceptibility backgrounds were sequenced by use of Illumina HiSeq and PacBio RS platforms.
Genome Sequence ofDehalobacterUNSWDHB, a Chloroform-Dechlorinating Bacterium
Authors: Deshpande Nandan P. , Wong Yie K. , Manefield Mike , Wilkins Marc R. , Lee Matthew 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe chloroform-respiring bacteriumDehalobacterUNSWDHB was isolated from subsurface soil contaminated with a mixture of organohalides, including chloroform. Here, we present its 3.2-Mb genome.
Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Postpandemic Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Isolates from India
Authors: Dakhave Minal , Khirwale Atul , Patil Kunal , Kadam Archana , Potdar Varsha 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
The pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was first detected in India in May 2009 and continued to circulate in the postpandemic period. Whole-genome sequence analysis of postpandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed the circulation of clade 6 and clade 7 viruses. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed increased diversity compared with that in the pandemic phase.
Draft Genome Sequences for 10 Isolates of the Swine Pathogen Haemophilus parasuis
Authors: Kuehn Joanna S. , Register Karen B. , Phillips Gregory J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Haemophilus parasuis
colonizes the upper respiratory tract of swine and can cause a severe systemic disease known as Glässer's disease. We report here the draft genome sequences of 10 isolates from geographically diverse locations representing the full virulence spectrum of the microorganism, which will aid in understanding the pathobiology of
H. parasuis
.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium, Sphingobium baderi Strain LL03
T
Authors: Kaur Jasvinder , Verma Helianthous , Tripathi Charu , Khurana J. P. , Lal Rup 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium baderi
strain LL03
T
was isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-contaminated soil from Spolana, Czech Republic. Strain LL03
T
is a mutant that is deficient in
linB
and
linC
(genes that encode hexachlorocyclohexane haloalkane dehalogenase and dehydrogenase, respectively). The draft genome sequence of LL03
T
(~4.85 Mb) consists of 92 contigs and 4,914 coding sequences, with a G+C content of 63.5%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain SA16, Representative of an Endemic Clone from a Brazilian Hospital
Authors: Dabul Andrei Nicoli G. , Kos Veronica N. , Gilmore Michael S. , Camargo Ilana L. B. C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of a bloodstream isolate of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strain SA16. Strain SA16 is a sequence type 5 (ST5)-staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
type II (SCC
mec
II) clone and was the most prevalent isolate at a Brazilian hospital during the second half of 2009.