bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a speech‐discriminating electromyogram system for routine ambulatory recordings for the low‐level masseter muscle activity
Authors: Kumazaki Y. , Naito M. , Kawakami S. , Hirata A. , Oki K. , Minagi S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPrevious work suggests a relationship between sustained low‐level tooth clenching and the aetiology of myogenous temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain. This study aimed to establish a reliable system with which to evaluate low‐level electromyographic (EMG) activity related to low‐level tooth clenching while discriminating speech activity, which is one of the most common facial muscle activities to be discriminated from low‐level clenching. This device should facilitate the clinical evaluation of awake muscle activity in TMD patients. Eight female and eight male subjects (38·9 ± 11·3 years) participated in the study to evaluate the validity of estimation of speech duration. Actual speech duration was defined by one examiner by pointing out the timing of beginning and end point of each speech on wave‐editing software. Speech duration, as detected by a voice sensor system, which was activated by a voice loudness of 54·71 ± 5·00 dB, was significantly correlated with the above actual speech duration (P < 0·01, R2 = 0·9935). An actual recording with the system was carried out in one TMD patient and one healthy volunteer and revealed that the duration of diurnal EMG activity higher than 5% MVC was 1649·16 s and 95·99 s, respectively. As the voice sensor system adopted in this study could define the exact onset and offset of each segment of speech, EMG activity during speech could be precisely discriminated. The results of this study demonstrate that the EMG system with voice sensor system would be an effective tool for the evaluation of low‐level masticatory muscle activity.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Qualiveen‐30 Questionnaire in Persian for Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Nikfallah Abolghasem , Rezaali Saeed , Mohammadi Nooredin , Abrishamkar Mahboobeh , Rezaei Ehsan , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Pakpour Amir H. , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to cross‐culturally translate the Qualiveen‐30 into Persian and validate it in Iranian patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional prospective validation study. The translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire was performed in accordance with published guidelines. A total of 154 patients with SCI or MS who suffered from lower urinary symptoms for at least 6 months were asked to complete the questionnaire in the first visit to the clinic and after 3 weeks. To assess reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed using convergent and discriminant validities.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Qualiveen‐30 at two assessments ranged from 0.82 to 0.95, indicating a good internal consistency for the questionnaire. There were high amounts of test‐retest reliability for the Qualiveen questionnaire and each of its domains (ICC > 0.90). Also, Qualiveen and its domains had a moderate to high correlation with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) (0.36 < r < 0.57) and SF‐12 MCS (−0.51 < r < −0.11) and SF‐12 PCS (−0.29 < r < −0.19), indicating good convergent validity. Comparison of Qualiveen in groups of income, education and manner of voiding revealed the high discriminative power of this instrument. The hypothesized four factor structure was approved using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ConclusionsIn general, the Persian version of Qualiveen‐30 performed is a reliable and valid measure for the evaluation of the quality of life related to lower urinary symptoms in patients with SCI or MS.
Efficacy and Safety of the Selective β3‐Adrenoceptor Agonist Mirabegron inJapanese Patients with Overactive Bladder: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Finding Study
Authors: YAMAGUCHI Osamu , MARUI Eiji , IGAWA Yasuhiko , TAKEDA Masayuki , NISHIZAWA Osamu , IKEDA Yasushi , OHKAWA Sumito 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, compared with placebo inJapanese patients with overactive bladder (OAB).MethodsPatients withOABsymptoms for ≥24 weeks, ≥8 micturitions/24 h on average, and ≥1 episode of urgency and/or urgency incontinence/24 h were randomized to mirabegron (25, 50 or 100 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline to end of study in the mean number of micturitions/24 h. Secondary endpoints included micturition variables related to urgency, incontinence, volume voided, and quality of life based on theKing'sHealthQuestionnaire (KHQ). Safety was evaluated based on adverse events (AEs), laboratory findings, vital signs, electrocardiogram, and post‐void residual volume.ResultsIn total, 842 patients were randomized to placebo (n = 214), mirabegron 25 mg (n = 211), 50 mg (n = 208), or 100 mg (n = 209). The primary endpoint was significantly improved in each mirabegron group compared with placebo (P < 0.001;Williams' multiple comparison test). The maximal efficacy in the primary endpoint was observed at the 50 mg dose. Significant improvements were also observed in incontinence, urgency incontinence, mean volume voided, and 3 of the 9 domains from theKHQ(incontinence impact, physical limitations, and severity measures) at each mirabegron dose. Urgency episodes decreased, and mean volume voided increased, dose‐dependently. The incidence ofAEsin each mirabegron dose was comparable with placebo.ConclusionsMirabegron demonstrated significant improvements inOABsymptoms compared with placebo and was well tolerated.
A multi‐genome analysis approach enables tracking of the invasion of a single Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) clone throughout the New World
Authors: Zhang B. , Edwards O. , Kang L. , Fuller S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the population genetics, demographic history and pathway of invasion of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) from its native range in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe to South Africa and the Americas. We screened microsatellite markers, mitochondrial DNA and endosymbiont genes in 504 RWA clones from nineteen populations worldwide. Following pathway analyses of microsatellite and endosymbiont data, we postulate that Turkey and Syria were the most likely sources of invasion to Kenya and South Africa, respectively. Furthermore, we found that one clone transferred between South Africa and the Americas was most likely responsible for the New World invasion. Finally, endosymbiont DNA was found to be a high‐resolution population genetic marker, extremely useful for studies of invasion over a relatively short evolutionary history time frame. This study has provided valuable insights into the factors that may have facilitated the recent global invasion by this damaging pest.
Measurements of Pilots’ Occupational Solar UV Exposure
Authors: Chorley Adrian , Higlett Michael , Baczynska Katarzyna , Hunter Robert , Khazova Marina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt is known that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) increases by 10–12% every 1000 m altitude; UVR at the 10 000 m of typical cruise altitude for commercial aircraft may be 2–3 times higher than at ground level. Information on the levels of solar UV exposures is essential for the assessment of the occupational risk of pilots developing sun‐related eye disorders and skin cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate how UV hazard exposures can be measured during flights so that the occupational dose can be ascertained and compared with international guidance. This article describes the development of instrumentation for automated time‐stamped spectral measurements which were collected using bespoke automation software. The software enables the advanced acquisition techniques of automated dark signal capture and multiband integration control optimizing the dynamic performance of the spectrometer over the full spectral range. The equipment was successfully tested in a number of aircraft and helicopter flights during 2012–2013 and illustrated in this article on an example of a Gatwick‐Alicante flight.
Study of Lightning Fatalities in Malaysia from 2004 to 2012
Authors: Ahmad N. A. , Ahmad Noor Azlinda , Adzis Z. 
Published: March 2014

Lightning strike is an environmental phenomenon that dominates the factors of supplemental deaths as well as injury due to its extremely high current and voltage surge. Many fatalities caused by lightning have been reported whereby some were deaths and some were able to survive with injuries either on a short or long term effect with permanent injury. Since Malaysia is one of the countries in the world with very high lightning activities, a laudable statistics data about death and injuries is needed to increase public awareness on the dangers of lightning. This work manifests an overview, recent statistical data and analysis on lightning fatalities in Malaysia which includes the year, gender, age, status, month, state, activities and location of where the victim was hit by lightning. It describes the favorable image to illustrate the jeopardy of lightning to the public by employing case study and statistical analysis based on medical and newspaper report.
Tahap Pengetahuan dan Minat Remaja Terhadap Seni Barzanji dan Marhaban: Kajian di Kalangan Pelajar SMKA Negeri Johor
Authors: Samat @ Darawi Abdul Basit , Tibek Siti Rugayah , Muhamat@Kawangit Razali 
Published: March 2014

Kajian ini dibuat bagi mengenal pasti sejauhmana pengetahuan dan minat golongan remaja terhadap seni barzanji dan marhaban. Kajian juga turut melihat aspek hubungan antara minat dengan pengetahuan dan antara pengetahuan dan penglibatan. Kajian ini melibatkan responden seramai 328 orang pelajar tingkatan empat Sekolah Menengah Agama seluruh negeri Johor (SMKA) iaitu SMKA Maahad Muar, SMKA Segamat, SMKA Johor Jaya dan SMKA Bandar Penawar. Data yang diperolehi dari soal selidik dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences windows version 20.0 (SPSS). Hasil kajian mendapati tahap pengetahuan remaja terhadap seni barzanji dan marhaban adalah tinggi iaitu min yang dicatatkan ialah 3.93. Tahap yang sederhana didapati pada aspek minat di mana diperolehi min sebanyak 3.43. Tahap kesesuaian seni barzanji dan marhaban sebagai media dakwah pada pandangan remaja adalah berada di tahap yang tinggi berdasarkan min yang diperolehi iaitu sebanyak 4.41. Terdapat hubungan positif kuat antara minat dengan pengetahuan dan hubungan positif kuat antara pengetahuan dengan penglibatan. Ujian kolerasi menunjukkan nilai (r) 0.870 pada hubungan antara minat dengan pengetahuan dan nilai (r) 0.679 pada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan penglibatan. Memandangkan amalan ini semakin terpinggir dalam masyarakat maka dikemukakan beberapa cadangan bagi memastikan ianya terus subur dan berkembang.
Field Measurement of Fishing Boats Generated Waves
Authors: Suprayogi Dedy Triawan , Yaakob Omar , Adnan Faizul Amri , A. Ghani Mohamad Pauzi , Izzat Ullah Sheikh Usman Ullah Sheikh 
Published: March 2014

Ship generated waves can cause banks erosion as well as disturbance on stationary boats. Studies have shown that the boat generated waves are dependent on and affected by environmental factors and vessel parameters. The main environmental factors are tidal and current direction, and for vessel parameters are speeds and hullforms. This paper describes a full-scale experimental work to measure wave heights and wave angle direction on boat generated waves. The measurement method used in this paper is based on the analysis of digital video recordings and image processing techniques.
PlayerLoad™: Reliability, Convergent Validity, and Influence of Unit Position during Treadmill Running
Authors: Barrett Steve , Midgley Adrian , Lovell Ric 
Published: March 2014

Purpose:The study aimed to establish the test–retest reliability and convergent validity of PlayerLoad™ (triaxial-accelerometer data) during a standardized bout of treadmill running.Methods:Forty-four team-sport players performed 2 standardized incremental treadmill running tests (7–16 km/h) 7 d apart. Players’ oxygen uptake (VO2; n = 20), heart rate (n = 44), and triaxialaccelerometer data (PlayerLoad; n = 44) measured at both the scapulae and at the center of mass (COM), were recorded. Accelerometer data from the individual component planes of PlayerLoad (anteroposterior [PLAP], mediolateral [PLML], and vertical [PLV]) were also examined.Results:Moderate to high test–retest reliability was observed for PlayerLoad and its individual planes (ICC .80–.97, CV 4.2–14.8%) at both unit locations. PlayerLoad was significantly higher at COM vs scapulae (223.4 ± 42.6 vs 185.5 ± 26.3 arbitrary units; P = .001). The percentage contributions of individual planes to PlayerLoad were higher for PLML at the COM (scapulae 20.4% ± 3.8%, COM 26.5% ± 4.9%; P = .001) but lower for PLV (scapulae 55.7% ± 5.3%, COM 49.5% ± 6.9%; P = .001). Between-subjects correlations between PlayerLoad and VO2, and between PlayerLoad and heart rate were trivial to moderate (r = –.43 to .33), whereas within-subject correlations were nearly perfect (r = .92–.98).Conclusions:PlayerLoad had a moderate to high degree of test–retest reliability and demonstrated convergent validity with measures of exercise intensity on an individual basis. However, caution should be applied in making between-athletes contrasts in loading and when using recordings from the scapulae to identify lower-limb movement patterns.
Assessment of Fatigue Thresholds in 50-m All-Out Swimming
Authors: Soares Susana M. , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Machado J. Leandro , Maia José A. , Daly Daniel J. , Vilas-Boas João P. 
Published: March 2014

Context:It is essential to determine swimmers’ anaerobic potential and better plan training, understanding physiological effects of the fatigue.Purpose:To study changes in the characteristics of the intracyclic velocity variation during an all-out 50-m swim and to observe differences in speed and stroking parameters between these changes.Methods:28 competitive swimmers performed a 50-m front-crawl all-out test while attached to a speedometer. The velocity–time (v[t]) curve off all stroke cycles was analyzed per individual using a routine that included a wavelet procedure, allowing the determination of the fatigue thresholds that divide effort in time intervals.Results:One or 2 fatigue thresholds were observed at individual level on the v(t) curve. In males, when 1 fatigue threshold was identified, the mean velocity and the stroke index dropped (P < .05) in the second time interval (1.7 ± 0.0 vs 1.6 ± 0.0 m/s and 3.0 ± 0.2 vs 2.8 ± 0.3 m/s, respectively). When 2 fatigue thresholds were identified, the mean velocity of the first time interval was higher than that of the third time interval (P < .05), for both male (1.7 ± 0.0 vs 1.6 ± 0.1 m/s) and female (1.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.3 ± 0.1 m/s) swimmers.Conclusion:One or 2 fatigue thresholds were found in the intracyclic velocity-variation patterns. Concurrently, changes in velocity and stroke parameters were also observed between time intervals. This information could allow coaches to obtain new insights into delaying the degenerative effects of fatigue and maintain stable stroke-cycle characteristics over a 50-m event.
Validity and Reliability of a New Karate-Specific Aerobic Field Test for Karatekas
Authors: Tabben Montassar , Coquart Jeremy , Chaabène Helmi , Franchini Emerson , Chamari Karim , Tourny Claire 
Published: March 2014

Purpose:This study determined the validity and reliability of a new specific field test that was based on the scientific data from the latest research.Methods:Seventeen international-level karatekas participated in the study: 14 men (age 24.1 ± 4.6 y, body mass 65.7 ± 10.8 kg) and 3 women (age 19 ± 3.6 y, body mass 54.1 ± 0.9 kg). All performed the new karate-specific test (KST) 2 times (test and retest sessions were carried out on separated occasions 1 wk apart). Thirteen men also performed a laboratory test to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:Test–retest results showed the KST to be reliable. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, and time to exhaustion (TE) did not display a difference between the test and the retest. The SEM and ICC for relative and absolute VO2peak and TE were <5% and >.90, respectively. Significant correlations were found between VO2peak (mL · kg−1 · min−1) and TE measured from the KST (r = .71, 95%CI 0.35–0.88, P < .0001). There was also no significant difference between VO2peak measured from the KST and VO2max recorded from the cycle-ergometer laboratory test (55.1 ± 4.8 vs 53.2 ± 6.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1, respectively; t = –1.85, df = 12, P = .08, dz = 0.51 [small]). The Bland and Altman analyses reported a mean difference (bias) ± the 95% limits of agreement of 1.9 ± 7.35 mL · kg−1 · min−1.Conclusions:This study showed that the new KST test, with effort patterns replicating real karate combat sessions, can be considered a valid and reliable karate-specific field test for assessing karatekas’ endurance fitness.
A Single-Visit Field Test of Critical Speed
Authors: Galbraith Andy , Hopker James , Lelliott Stephen , Diddams Louise , Passfield Louis 
Published: March 2014

Purpose:To compare critical speed (CS) measured from a single-visit field test of the distance–time relationship with the “traditional” treadmill time-to-exhaustion multivisit protocol.Methods:Ten male distance runners completed treadmill and field tests to calculate CS and the maximum distance performed above CS (D′). The field test involved 3 runs on a single visit to an outdoor athletics track over 3600, 2400, and 1200 m. Two field-test protocols were evaluated using either a 30-min recovery or a 60-min recovery between runs. The treadmill test involved runs to exhaustion at 100%, 105%, and 110% of velocity at VO2max, with 24 h recovery between runs.Results:There was no difference in CS measured with the treadmill and 30-min- and 60-minrecovery field tests (P < .05). CS from the treadmill test was highly correlated with CS from the 30- and 60-min-recovery field tests (r = .89, r = .82; P < .05). However there was a difference and no correlation in D′ between the treadmill test and the 30 and 60-min-recovery field tests (r = .13; r = .33, P > .05). A typical error of the estimate of 0.14 m/s (95% confidence limits 0.09–0.26 m/s) was seen for CS and 88 m (95% confidence limits 60–169 m) for D′. A coefficient of variation of 0.4% (95% confidence limits: 0.3–0.8%) was found for repeat tests of CS and 13% (95% confidence limits 10–27%) for D′.Conclusion:The single-visit method provides a useful alternative for assessing CS in the field.
Silicon Phthalocyanine 4 Phototoxicity in Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Lam Minh , Dimaano Matthew L. , Oyetakin-White Patricia , Retuerto Mauricio A. , Chandra Jyotsna , Mukherjee Pranab K. , Ghannoum Mahmoud A. , Cooper Kevin D. , Baron Elma D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Trichophyton rubrum
is the leading pathogen that causes long-lasting skin and nail dermatophyte infections. Currently, topical treatment consists of terbinafine for the skin and ciclopirox for the nails, whereas systemic agents, such as oral terbinafine and itraconazole, are also prescribed. These systemic drugs have severe side effects, including liver toxicity. Topical therapies, however, are sometimes ineffective. This led us to investigate alternative treatment options, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although PDT is traditionally recognized as a therapeutic option for treating a wide range of medical conditions, including age-related macular degeneration and malignant cancers, its antimicrobial properties have also received considerable attention. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the susceptibility of dermatophytic fungi to PDT is relatively unknown. As a noninvasive treatment, PDT uses a photosensitizing drug and light, which, in the presence of oxygen, results in cellular destruction. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of cytotoxicity of PDT
in vitro
using the silicon phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 [SiPc(OSi(CH
3
)
2
(CH
2
)
3
N(CH
3
)
2
)(OH)] in
T. rubrum
. Confocal microscopy revealed that Pc 4 binds to cytoplasmic organelles, and upon irradiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The impairment of fungal metabolic activities as measured by an XTT (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) assay indicated that 1.0 μM Pc 4 followed by 670 to 675 nm light at 2.0 J/cm
2
reduced the overall cell survival rate, which was substantiated by a dry weight assay. In addition, we found that this therapeutic approach is effective against terbinafine-sensitive (24602) and terbinafine-resistant (MRL666) strains. These data suggest that Pc 4-PDT may have utility as a treatment for dermatophytosis.
Determination of Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics in Neonates To Develop Practical Initial Dosing Recommendations
Authors: Kim Julianne , Walker Sandra A. N. , Iaboni Dolores C. , Walker Scott E. , Elligsen Marion , Dunn Michael S. , Allen Vanessa G. , Simor Andrew 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Variability in neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetics and the lack of consensus for optimal trough concentrations in neonatal intensive care units pose challenges to dosing vancomycin in neonates. Our objective was to determine vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and evaluate dosing regimens to identify whether practical initial recommendations that targeted trough concentrations most commonly used in neonatal intensive care units could be determined. Fifty neonates who received vancomycin with at least one set of steady-state levels were evaluated retrospectively. Mean pharmacokinetic values were determined using first-order pharmacokinetic equations, and Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate initial dosing recommendations for target trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/liter, 5 to 20 mg/liter, and ≤20 mg/liter. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that dosing by mg/kg of body weight was optimal where intermittent dosing of 9 to 12 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) every 8 h (q8h) had the highest probability of attaining a target trough concentration of 15 to 20 mg/liter. However, continuous infusion with a loading dose of 10 mg/kg followed by 25 to 30 mg/kg per day infused over 24 h had the best overall probability of target attainment. Initial intermittent dosing of 9 to 15 mg/kg i.v. q12h was optimal for target trough concentrations of 5 to 20 mg/liter and ≤20 mg/liter. In conclusion, we determined that the practical initial vancomycin dose of 10 mg/kg vancomycin i.v. q12h was optimal for vancomycin trough concentrations of either 5 to 20 mg/liter or ≤20 mg/liter and that the same initial dose q8h was optimal for target trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/liter. However, due to large interpatient vancomycin pharmacokinetic variability in neonates, monitoring of serum concentrations is recommended when trough concentrations between 15 and 20 mg/liter or 5 and 20 mg/liter are desired.