bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Simulation of Bubble Formation Through a Microchannel T‐Junction
Authors: Chen B. , Guo F. , Li G. , Wang P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThree‐dimensional simulations of bubble formation in Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids through a microchannel T‐junction are conducted by the volume‐of‐fluid method. For Newtonian fluids, the critical capillary number Ca for the transition of the bubble breakup mechanism is dependent on the velocity ratio between the two phases and the microchannel dimension. For the power law fluid, the bubble diameter decreases and the generation frequency increases with higher viscosity parameter K and power law index n. For a Bingham fluid, the viscous force plays a more important role in microbubble formation. Due to the yield stress τy, a high‐viscous region is developed in the central area of the channel and bubbles deform to a flat ellipsoid shape in this region. The bubble diameter and generation frequency are almost independent of K.
Synthesis of Ethers by GaBr3‐Catalyzed Reduction of Carboxylic Acid Esters and Lactones by Siloxanes
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Metzger Jürgen O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEthers were synthesized by reduction of the respective esters catalyzed by gallium bromide (GaBr3) and using siloxanes, preferentially 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane, as reductant. Methyl oleate, triglycerides, that is, tributyrine and glyceryl triundec‐10‐enoate as well as γ‐ and δ‐lactones were converted into the respective ethers in high to moderate yields. γ‐Lactones were reduced with high selectivity in the presence of a methyl ester functionality. The reduction has been carried out at room temperature or moderately elevated temperature of up to 60 °C using stoichiometric amounts of the reductant and 0.005–0.01 equiv of GaBr3 as catalyst per ester functionality without any solvent added. After a reaction time of 1–4 h the conversion of the substrate was 100 %. The product was separated from polymeric siloxanes formed as coupled product by simple distillation.
Rapid on‐site evaluation of EUS–FNA by cytopathologist: An experience of a tertiary hospital
Authors: Ecka Ruth Shifa , Sharma Malay 
Published: October 2013

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided–fine‐needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) is the preferred modality nowadays for the cytological diagnosis of various mediastinal and gastrointestinal lesions. Onsite cytopathology interpretation is not available in most centers.The objective of this study is to assess whether rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) by cytopathologist of the tissue samples improves the diagnostic accuracy of EUS–FNA.This study is a retrospective review of all 646 patients undergoing EUS–FNA between January 2009 and October 2012 in our hospital. Patients in group I had cytology slides prepared by an endoscopy nurse. Patients in group II had cytology slides prepared, stained and assessed for adequacy of tissue sampling by a cytopathologist onsite. The adequacy of the samples and the final cytopathological diagnosis (definitely positive, definitely negative, inconclusive, or inadequate) was compared between the two groups.A total of 425 EUS–FNA procedures were performed in 375 patients in group I and 271 EUS–FNA procedures in 271 patients in group II. The mean of needle passes in group I was 3.12 passes per patient and 3.24 passes in group II. The difference in the number of needle passes was not statistically significant (P = 0.30). The final diagnosis was definite in 64.8% in group I compared with 97.7 % in group II (P = 0.001). The percentage of inconclusive and inadequate diagnoses was 5.6% and 29.3%, respectively in group I and 0% and 2.3% in group II (P = 0.001).In conclusion, ROSE by cytopathologist and interpretation significantly improves the diagnostic yield of EUS–FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:1075–1080. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Diolefin Diamide Rhodium(I) Complex and Its One‐Electron Oxidation Resulting in a Two‐Center, Three‐Electron Rh–N Bond
Authors: Rosenthal Amos J. , Vogt Matthias , de Bruin Bas , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA tetracoordinated diolefin diamide rhodium(I) complex 6 with the two amido and olefin groups in mutual trans‐position and a butterfly structure has been prepared. This anionic complex undergoes a reversible one‐electron oxidation at a remarkably negative potential (E1/2 = –1.22 V vs. Fc/Fc+) to give a stable, paramagnetic, tetracoordinated, planar RhI complex 7. This complex was fully characterized, and all data indicate that this species is best described with an unprecedented two‐center, three‐electron Rh–N bond. DFT computations were performed to further elucidate the electronic structure, and the results fully agree with the two‐center, three‐electron Rh–N bond description.
To Count or Not to Count Deaths: Reranking Effects in Health Distribution Evaluation
Authors: Arrighi Yves , Abu‐Zaineh Mohammad , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPopulations' structures and sizes can be a result of healthcare policy decisions. We use a two‐period theoretical framework and a dynamic microsimulation model to examine the consequences of this assertion on the appraisal of alternative health policy options. Results show that standard welfare‐in‐health measures are sensitive to changes in populations' sizes, in that taking into account the (virtual) existence of the dead can alter the ranking of policy options. Disregarding differences in the survivals induced by alternative policies can bias programmes' ranking in favour of less live‐saving policies. The paper alerts on the risk of policy misranking by the use of ex‐post cross‐sectional analyses, neglecting deaths occurring in the past as well as counterfactual deaths in alternative policy scenarios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic factors in squamous cell lip carcinoma treated with high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy
Authors: Guinot Jose‐Luis , Arribas Leoncio , Vendrell Juan B. , Santos Miguel , Tortajada Maria I. , Mut Alejandro , Cruz Julia , Mengual Jose L. , Chust Maria L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was for us to present our analysis of the results and prognostic factors in squamous lip carcinoma treated with high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy.MethodsFrom 1999 to 2010, 102 patients were treated with HDR‐brachytherapy, 54 with T1, 33 with T2, and 15 with T4. Eight cases were N+. Twenty‐one patients were treated with surgery plus brachytherapy because of close/positive margins. Nine fractions of 5 Gy were given over 5 days in 67% of the patients. Elective neck treatment was performed in 23 cases.ResultsThe 10‐year actuarial local control was 94.6%, nodal regional control was 88.6%, disease‐free survival was 84.6%, and cause‐specific survival was 93.2%. In the univariate analysis, T4 tumors had higher risk of local failure and T2 of regional relapse. In the multivariate analysis, skin involvement was the only significant factor for tumor progression.ConclusionHDR‐brachytherapy yields excellent local control rates. Skin involvement increases the risk of local and cervical recurrence. Elective neck treatment should be done in T2 to T4 tumors or with skin or commissure involvement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1737–1742, 2014
Can Union Voice Make a Difference? The Effect of Union Citizenship Behavior on Employee Absence
Authors: Deery Stephen J. , Iverson Roderick D. , Buttigieg Donna M. , Zatzick Christopher D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe interests of organizations and unions are often seen to be in competition. However, the union‐voice hypothesis suggests that unions can provide a distinctive mechanism to lower organizational costs by reducing exit behavior. This study looks at union citizenship behavior as a form of voice and examines its effect on employee absence. It draws on data from 367 branches of a large unionized banking organization to explore both the antecedents and outcomes of union citizenship behavior. Union citizenship behavior directed toward helping fellow members with workplace grievances was found to reduce branch‐level absenteeism, while union loyalty mediated the impact of a number of union‐related variables on union citizenship behavior. The implications for a balanced union‐management relationship are discussed in the article. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase‐derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A2
Authors: Camargo E.A. , Santana D.G. , Silva C.I. , Teixeira S.A. , Toyama M.H. , Cotrim C. , Landucci E.C.T. , Antunes E. , Muscara M.N. , Costa S.K.P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundNitric oxide is a key signalling molecule in the pathogenesis of inflammation, but its role in acute pancreatitis and related abdominal pain induced by secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) venom has not been investigated.MethodsMale Wistar rats were i.v. injected with L‐NAME (20 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (AG, 50 mg/kg), 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI, 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 10 min before or 60 min after the injection of sPLA2 (300 μg/kg) into the common bile duct. After 4 h of sPLA2 injection, abdominal hyperalgesia and inflammation were assessed in addition to serum amylase, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), pancreas lipoperoxidation and 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) contents.ResultssPLA2‐induced acute pancreatitis, related abdominal hyperalgesia, hyperamylasemia and increased concentration of NOx were not correlated with lipoperoxidation or increased 3‐NT in the pancreas. Pretreatment with all the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors significantly reduced abdominal mechanical hyperalgesia, but only iNOS blockade by AG suppressed pancreas oedema and serum NOx increase. The therapeutic approach with all the NOS inhibitors produced a similar reduction pattern of the abdominal hyperalgesia, but AG treatment also inhibited serum hyperamylasemia and NOx concentrations and pancreatic myeloperoxidase. The nNOS blockade by 7‐NI treatment also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity in both pancreas and lung.ConclusionsTherapeutic blockade of iNOS or nNOS provides benefits in terms of inhibition of the acute pancreatitis‐related abdominal hyperalgesia, while iNOS inhibition also ameliorates the inflammatory cell influx to the pancreas and reduces the resultant hyperamylasemia and NOx levels, thus representing alternative pharmacological strategies for treatment of clinical pancreatitis associated with increased PLA2.
Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of alternating block polyurethanes based on PLA and PEG
Authors: Mei Tingzhen , Zhu Yonghe , Ma Tongcui , He Tao , Li Linjing , Wei Chiju , Xu Kaitian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA series of alternating block polyurethanes (abbreviated as PULA‐alt‐PEG) and random block polyurethanes (abbreviated as PULA‐ran‐PEG) based on poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized. The differences of PULA‐alt/ran‐PEG chemical structure, molecular weight, distribution, thermal properties, mechanical properties and static contact angle were systematically investigated. The PULA‐alt/ran‐PEG polyurethanes exhibited low Tg (−47.3 ∼ −34.4°C), wide mechanical properties (stress σt: 4.6–32.6 MPa, modulus E: 11.4–323.9 MPa and strain ε: 468–1530%) and low water contact angle (35.4–51.4°). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that PULA‐alt‐PEG film displays rougher and more patterned surface morphology than PULA‐ran‐PEG does, due to more regular structures of PULA‐alt‐PEG. Hydrolytic degradation shows that degradation rate of random block polyurethane series PULA‐ran‐PEG is higher than the alternating counterpart PULA‐alt‐PEG. PLA segment degradation is faster than urethane linkage and PEG segment almost does not degrade in the buffer solution. Platelet adhesion study showed that all the polyurethanes possess excellent hemocompatibility. The cell culture assay revealed that PULA‐alt/ran‐PEG polyurethanes were cell inert and unfavorable for the attachment of rat glial cell due to the hydrophilic characters of the materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3243–3254, 2014.
Liquid Phase Selective Oxidation of Alcohols over VPO Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Hexagonal Molecular Sieves (HMS)
Authors: Mahdavi Vahid , Hasheminasab Hamid Reza , Abdollahi Sohrab 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) catalysts, supported on mesoporous hexagonal molecular sieves (HMS) with different vanadium loadings, were prepared by precipitation method on organic phase. Techniques such as XRD, BET and SEM, were used for characterization of the catalyst. The bulk VPO catalyst contains vanadyl pyrophosphate phase ((VO)2P2O7), and a small amount of VOPO4. The high surface area, large pore volume and pore size of HMS in VPO/HMS samples, provide an excellent dispersion of same phase of VPO compound on the support surface. Oxidation of various alcohols was studied in the liquid phase over VPO/HMS catalyst, using tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. The activity of VPO/HMS samples were considerably increased with respect to bulk VPO catalyst. At 90 °C, the obtained activities were 0.567 and 6.545 gpro.g−1VPOh−1 over the bulk VPO and 20 wt% VPO/HMS catalysts, respectively. The effects of substrates, reaction time, reaction temperature, solvents, catalyst recycling and leaching of VPO in liquid phase reaction were also investigated. The following order has been observed for the percentage of conversions of alcohols: Benzylic alcohol > Secondary alcohol ∼ Primary alcohol.The kinetic of benzyl alcohol oxidation using excess TBHP over VPO/HMS catalyst was investigated at temperatures of 27, 60 and 90 °C, and followed a pseudo‐first order with respect to benzyl alcohol.
Preparation and Characterization of Substituted 3‐Benzothiazol‐2‐Ylcoumarins
Authors: Chao Richard Y. , Ding Mei‐Fang , Chen Jhao‐Yu , Lee Chuan‐Chen , Lin Shaw‐Tao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA series of substituted 3‐benzothiazolylcoumarins was prepared from condensation of 2‐hydroxy‐benzaldehyde and 2‐cyanomethylbenzothiazole to investigate the effect of the nature and position of substituents on their absorption and fluorescent behavior. Compounds with a substituent containing a heteroatom which attached at the C6 position showed a split broad absorption band. Solutions of these compounds in various solvents exhibited brilliant blue fluorescence. The emission intensity for compounds with an alkoxy group at the C6 or C7 position in DMF was approximately 7‐ and 15‐fold higher than for the corresponding precursor and quinine sulfate solution, respectively. These compounds also exhibit high thermal stability in solid state.
Meaning in Life: Relationship to Clinical Diagnosis and Psychotherapy Outcome
Authors: Volkert Jana , Schulz Holger , Brütt Anna Levke , Andreas Sylke 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship of meaning in life (MiL) to clinical diagnosis and psychotherapy outcome and investigate specific meaning areas.MethodThis study investigated 214 inpatients with mental disorders and 856 healthy controls using self‐report measures of MiL and psychopathological symptoms.ResultsPatients showed lower MiL compared to controls. Diagnosis‐specific differences in MiL were found for depression. MiL increased in the course of treatment and remained stable at follow‐up. The most relevant meaning areas were social relationships for patients and controls.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for lower MiL in inpatients with a spectrum of mental disorders, and in particular in patients with depression, compared to controls. Furthermore, perceived meaning improves over the duration of psychotherapy. Employing aspects of the meaning framework in therapy may be useful to help patients overcome psychological problems and make life worth living.
A novel semiautomatic parenchyma extraction method for improved MRI R2* relaxometry of iron loaded liver
Authors: Feng Yanqiu , Feng Meiyan , Gao Huashuai , Zhang Xinyuan , Xin Xuegang , Feng Qianjin , Chen Wufan , He Taigang 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo propose and evaluate an automatic method of extracting parenchyma from a manually delineated whole liver for the R2* measurement of iron load.Materials and MethodsIn all, 108 transfusion‐dependent patients with a wide range of hepatic iron content were scanned with a multiecho gradient‐echo sequence. The R2* was measured by fitting the average signal of liver parenchyma, extracted by the proposed semiautomatic parenchyma extraction (SAPE), traditional manually delineated multiple regions‐of‐interest (mROIs), and T2* thresholding methods to the noise‐corrected monoexponential model. The R2* measurement accuracy of the SAPE method was evaluated through simulation; the intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of SAPE, mROI, and T2* thresholding were assessed from the in vivo data using coefficient of variation (CoV).ResultsIn the simulation, the mean absolute percentage error of R2* measurement using SAPE was 0.23% (range 0.01%–1.09%). In vivo study, the CoVs of intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were 0.83%, 1.39% for SAPE, 3.63%, 6.28% for mROI, and 1.62%, 2.66% for T2* thresholding, respectively.ConclusionThe SAPE method provides an accurate and reliable approach to assessing the overall hepatic iron content. The improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) R2* reproducibility using the SAPE method may lead to more accurate tissue characterization and increased diagnostic confidence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:67–78. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of three‐dimensional MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture at 3 tesla using 26 receive elements without and with parallel imaging
Authors: Chang Gregory , Deniz Cem M. , Honig Stephen , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Egol Kenneth , Regatte Ravinder R. , Brown Ryan 
Published: October 2013

PurposeHigh‐resolution imaging of deeper anatomy such as the hip is challenging due to low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), necessitating long scan times. Multi‐element coils can increase SNR and reduce scan time through parallel imaging (PI). We assessed the feasibility of using a 26‐element receive coil setup to perform 3 Tesla (T) MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture without and with PI.Materials and MethodsThis study had institutional review board approval. We scanned 13 subjects on a 3T scanner using 26 receive‐elements and a three‐dimensional fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence without and with PI (acceleration factors [AF] 2, 3, 4). We assessed SNR, depiction of individual trabeculae, PI performance (1/g‐factor), and image quality with PI (1 = nonvisualization to 5 = excellent).ResultsSNR maps demonstrate higher SNR for the 26‐element setup compared with a 12‐element setup for hip MRI. Without PI, individual proximal femur trabeculae were well‐depicted, including microarchitectural deterioration in osteoporotic subjects. With PI, 1/g values for the 26‐element/12‐element receive‐setup were 0.71/0.45, 0.56/0.25, and 0.44/0.08 at AF2, AF3, and AF4, respectively. Image quality was: AF1, excellent (4.8 ± 0.4); AF2, good (4.2 ± 1.0); AF3, average (3.3 ± 1.0); AF4, nonvisualization (1.4 ± 0.9).ConclusionA 26‐element receive‐setup permits 3T MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture with good image quality up to PI AF2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:229–238. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrospective reconstruction of cardiac cine images from golden‐ratio radial MRI using one‐dimensional navigators
Authors: Krämer Martin , Herrmann Karl‐Heinz , Biermann Judith , Reichenbach Jurgen R. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo demonstrate radial golden‐ratio–based cardiac cine imaging by using interspersed one‐dimensional (1D) navigators.Materials and MethodsThe 1D navigators were interspersed into the acquisition of radial spokes which were continuously rotated by an angle increment based on the golden‐ratio. Performing correlation analysis between the 1D navigator projections, time points corresponding to the same cardiac motion phases were automatically identified and used to combine retrospectively golden‐ratio rotated radial spokes from multiple data windows. Data windows were shifted consecutively for dynamic reconstruction of different cardiac motion frames. Experiments were performed during a single breathhold. By artificially reducing the amount of input data, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) as well as artifact level was evaluated for different breathhold durations.ResultsAnalysis of the 1D navigator data provided a detailed correlation function revealing cardiac motion over time. Imaging results were comparable to images reconstructed based on a timely synchronized ECG. Cardiac cine images with a low artifact level and good image quality in terms of SNR and CNR were reconstructed from volunteer data achieving a CNR between the myocardium and the left ventricular cavity of 50 for the longest breathhold duration of 26 s. CNR maintained a value higher than 30 for acquisition times as low as 10 s.ConclusionCombining radial golden‐ratio–based imaging with an intrinsic navigator is a promising and robust method for performing high quality cardiac cine imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:413–422. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver lesion conspicuity during real‐time MR‐guided radiofrequency applicator placement using spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady‐state free precession imaging
Authors: Rempp Hansjörg , Loh Henning , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Rothgang Eva , Pan Li , Claussen Claus D. , Clasen Stephan 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the conspicuity of liver lesions in a fluoroscopic spoiled gradient echo (GRE) and a balanced steady‐state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence.Materials and MethodsIn all, 103 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) (41) or liver metastases (67) were treated using MR‐guided radiofrequency ablation in a wide‐bore 1.5 T scanner. A multislice real‐time spoiled GRE sequence allowing for a T1 weighting (T1W) and a balanced SSFP sequence allowing for a T2/T1W contrast were used for MR guidance. The contrast‐to‐noise‐ratio (CNR) of the lesions was calculated and lesion conspicuity was assessed retrospectively (easily detectable / difficult to detect / not detectable).ResultsHCC was easily detectable in 33/52% (GRE/SSFP), difficult to detect in 30/18%, and not detectable in 37/30% of the cases. Mean CNR varied widely (9.1 for GRE vs. 16.4 for SSFP). Liver metastases were easily detectable in 58/41% (GRE/SSFP), difficult to detect in 14/21%, and not detectable in 28/38% of the cases. Mean CNR for liver metastases was 11.5 (GRE) vs. 12.7 (SSFP). Twenty percent of all lesions could not be detected with either of the MR fluoroscopy sequences.ConclusionMR fluoroscopy using GRE and SSFP contrast enabled real‐time detectability of 80% of the liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:432–439. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.