bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of processing and mastication on almond lipid bioaccessibility using novel methods of in vitro digestion modelling and micro-structural analysis
Authors: Mandalari Giuseppina , Grundy Myriam M.-L. , Grassby Terri , Parker Mary L. , Cross Kathryn L. , Chessa Simona , Bisignano Carlo , Barreca Davide , Bellocco Ersilia , Laganà Giuseppina , Butterworth Peter J. , Faulks Richard M. , Wilde Peter J. , Ellis Peter R. , Waldron Keith W. 
Published: September 2014

A number of studies have demonstrated that consuming almonds increases satiety but does not result in weight gain, despite their high energy and lipid content. To understand the mechanism of almond digestion, in the present study, we investigated the bioaccessibility of lipids from masticated almonds during in vitro simulated human digestion, and determined the associated changes in cell-wall composition and cellular microstructure. The influence of processing on lipid release was assessed by using natural raw almonds (NA) and roasted almonds (RA). Masticated samples from four healthy adults (two females, two males) were exposed to a dynamic gastric model of digestion followed by simulated duodenal digestion. Between 7·8 and 11·1 % of the total lipid was released as a result of mastication, with no significant differences between the NA and RA samples. Significant digestion occurred during the in vitro gastric phase (16·4 and 15·9 %) and the in vitro duodenal phase (32·2 and 32·7 %) for the NA and RA samples, respectively. Roasting produced a smaller average particle size distribution post-mastication; however, this was not significant in terms of lipid release. Light microscopy showed major changes that occurred in the distribution of lipid in all cells after the roasting process. Further changes were observed in the surface cells of almond fragments and in fractured cells after exposure to the duodenal environment. Almond cell walls prevented lipid release from intact cells, providing a mechanism for incomplete nutrient absorption in the gut. The composition of almond cell walls was not affected by processing or simulated digestion.
Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: an early systematic review
Authors: Leaviss J. , Uttley L. 
Published: September 2014

Background.Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a relatively novel form of psychotherapy that was developed for people who have mental health problems primarily linked to high shame and self-criticism. The aim of this early systematic review was to draw together the current research evidence of the effectiveness of CFT as a psychotherapeutic intervention, and to provide recommendations that may inform the development of further trials.Method.A comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken to systematically identify literature relating to the effectiveness of CFT as a psychotherapeutic intervention. Reference lists of key journals were hand searched and contact with experts in the field was made to identify unpublished data.Results.Fourteen studies were included in the review, including three randomized controlled studies. The findings from the included studies were, in the most part, favourable to CFT, and in particular seemed to be effective for people who were high in self-criticism.Conclusions.CFT shows promise as an intervention for mood disorders, particularly those high in self-criticism. However, more large-scale, high-quality trials are needed before it can be considered evidence-based practice. The review highlights issues from the current evidence that may be used to inform such trials.
Comparison between illumination model and hydrodynamic simulation for a direct drive laser irradiated target
Authors: Temporal M. , Canaud B. , Garbett W.J. , Ramis R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA spherical target irradiated by laser beams located at 49o and 131° with respect to the polar axis has been considered. The illumination model has been used to evaluate the irradiation non-uniformity assuming circular and elliptical super-Gaussian laser intensity profiles and the irradiation scheme has been optimized by means of the polar direct drive technique. A parametric study has been performed providing the irradiation non-uniformity as a function of the polar direct drive displacement and of the laser intensity profile parameters. Moreover, two-dimensional axis-symmetric hydrodynamic simulations have been performed for a plastic sphere irradiated by laser beams characterized by a constant flat temporal power pulse. In these simulations, the front of the inward shock wave has been tracked providing the time-evolution of any non-uniformity. The results provided by the two methods — illumination model and hydrodynamic data — have been compared and it is found that the illumination model reproduces the main behavior exhibited by the hydrodynamic data. The two models provide compatible values for the optimum polar direct drive parameter and similar optimal super-Gaussian profiles.
Continuous production of a thin ribbon of solid hydrogen
Authors: Garcia S. , Chatain D. , Perin J. P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe development of very high power laser opens up new horizons in a various field, such as protontherapy in medicine or laser-matter interaction in physics. The Target Normal Sheath Acceleration phenomenon is used in the first one. After the laser-matter impact, a plasma is generated, and free electrons move forward. It creates an electrostatic field, which can accelerate protons at the rear side of the target. The generated beam can be able to contain energetic protons with a large spectrum(1–200 MeV). This energy distribution depends on the laser power and the nature of the target. This technique has been validated by accelerating protons coming from hydrogenated contaminant (mainly water) at the rear of metallic target up to 58 MeV at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory using the Nova Petawatt laser. However, several laser teams would like to study this interaction with pure targets. In this context, the low temperature laboratory, at CEA-Grenoble has developed a cryostat able to continuously produce a thin hydrogen ribbon (50 and 100 μm thick). A new extrusion concept, without any moving part has been carried out, using only the thermodynamic properties of the fluid. First results and perspectives are presented in this paper.
Membrane lipid profile monitored by mass spectrometry detected differences between fresh and vitrifiedin vitro-produced bovine embryos
Authors: Leão Beatriz C. S. , Rocha-Frigoni Nathália A. S. , Cabral Elaine C. , Franco Marcos F. , Ferreira Christina R. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Filgueiras Paulo R. , Mingoti Gisele Z. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of vitrification on membrane lipid profile obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) ofin vitro-produced bovine embryos. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI–MS) has been used to obtain individual embryo membrane lipid profiles. Due to conditions of analysis, mainly membrane lipids, most favorably phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs) have been detected. The following ions described by their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and respective attribution presented increased relative abundance (1.2–20×) in the vitrified group: 703.5 [SM (16:0) + H]+; 722.5 [PC (40:3) + Na]+; 758.5 [PC (34:2) + H]+; 762.5 [PC (34:0) + H]+; 790.5 [PC (36:0) + H]+and 810.5 [PC (38:4) + H]+and/or [PC (36:1) + Na]+. The ion with am/z744.5 [PCp (34:1) and/or PCe (34:2)] was 3.4-fold more abundant in the fresh group. Interestingly, ions withm/z722.5 or 744.5 indicate the presence of lipid species, which are more resistant to enzymatic degradation as they contain fatty acyl residues linked through ether type bonds (alkyl ether or plasmalogens, indicated by the lowercase ‘e’ and ‘p‘, respectively) to the glycerol structure. The results indicate that cryopreservation impacts the membrane lipid profile, and that these alterations can be properly monitored by MALDI-MS. Membrane lipids can therefore be evaluated by MALDI-MS to monitor the effect of cryopreservation on membrane lipids, and to investigate changes in lipid profile that may reflect the metabolic response to the cryopreservation stress or changes in the environmental conditions.
Ventricular and atrial mechanics and their interaction in patients with congenital scoliosis without clinical heart failure
Authors: Li Shujuan , Yang Junlin , Zhu Ling , Lin Yuese , Li Xuandi , Li Yunquan , Huang Zifang , Wang Huishen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectives: This study sought to evaluate left ventricular, right ventricular, and left atrial mechanics and their interactions in patients with congenital scoliosis without clinical heart failure.Methods: A total of 23 patients with a median age of 14 years and a median Cobb’s angle of 61° were studied. Ventricular and atrial myocardial deformation was measured using speckle tracking echocardiography. The results of the patients were compared with 22 controls.Results: Compared with controls, the patients had a significantly greater annular a velocity (p=0.04) and lower e/a ratio (p=0.03); the left ventricular deformation significantly decreased in radial global (p=0.04) and segmental systolic strain and early diastolic strain rate (p=0.03); the left atrial deformation showed a significantly lower positive strain (p=0.02), greater negative strain (p=0.01), and active contractile strain rate (p=0.01). For the patients, the Cobb’s angle was negatively correlated with the left ventricular global radial systolic strain (r=−0.65, p=0.001), left atrial positive strain (r=−0.68, p<0.001), and the left atrial negative strain was positively correlated with the left ventricular circumferential late diastolic strain rate (r=0.46, p=0.01). The left atrial conduit strain rate was positively correlated with the left ventricular circumferential early diastolic strain rate (r=0.42, p=0.03). The left atrial active contractile strain rate was positively correlated with the left ventricular longitudinal late diastolic strain rate (r=−0.4, p=0.03).Conclusions:Impaired left ventricular and altered left atrial mechanics occur relatively early in patients with congenital scoliosis, and are correlated with the severity of their scoliosis. Our findings provide evidence of preclinical heart dysfunction in patients with this disorder.
Adhesion of marine cryptic Escherichia isolates to human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Vignaroli Carla , Di Sante Laura , Magi Gloria , Luna Gian Marco , Di Cesare Andrea , Pasquaroli Sonia , Facinelli Bruna , Biavasco Francesca 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Five distinct cryptic lineages (clades I–V) have recently been recognized in the Escherichia genus. The five clades encompass strains that are phenotypically and taxonomically indistinguishable from Escherichia coli sensu stricto; however, scant data are available on their ecology, virulence and pathogenic properties. In this study 20 cryptic E. coli strains isolated from marine sediments were investigated to gain insights into their virulence characteristics and genetic traits. The ability to adhere to intestinal cells was highest among clade V strains, which also harbored the genes involved in gut colonization as well as the genes (pduC and eut operon) typically found in environmentally adapted E. coli strains. The pduC gene was significantly associated with clade V. Multilocus sequence typing of three representative clade V isolates revealed new sequence types (STs) and showed that the strains shared two allelic loci (adk 51 and recA 37). Our findings suggest that cryptic Escherichia lineages are common in coastal marine sediments and that this habitat may be suitable for their growth and persistence outside the host. On the other hand, detection in clade V strains of a gene repertoire and adhesion properties similar to those of intestinal pathogenic strains could indicate their potential virulence. It could be argued that there is a dual nature of cryptic clade V strains, where the ability to survive and persist in a secondary habitat does not involve the loss of the host-associated lifestyle. Clade V could be a group of closely related, environmentally adapted E. coli strains.
Mutually beneficial host exploitation and ultra-biased sex ratios in quasisocial parasitoids
Authors: Tang Xiuyun , Meng Ling , Kapranas Apostolos , Xu Fuyuan , Hardy Ian C.W. , Li Baoping 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSelfish interests usually preclude resource sharing, but under some conditions collective actions enhanceper capitagains. Such Allee effects underlay early explanations of social evolution but current understanding focusses on kin selection (inclusive fitness). We find an Allee effect that explains unusual quasisociality (cooperative brood care) among parasitoid wasps without invoking or precluding kin selection effects. InSclerodermus harmandi, individual females produce most offspring when exploiting small hosts alone. However, larger hosts are more successfully exploited by larger groups of females, with the per-female benefits outweighing the costs of host sharing. Further, the extremely biased sex ratios (97% female) are better explained by mutually beneficial female–female interactions that increase the reproductive value of daughters (local resource enhancement), rather than by the usually invoked local mate competition between males. Thus, atypical quasisocial behaviour in a parasitoid wasp directly enhances reproductive success and selects for very extremely female-biased sex ratios.
Forest stand growth dynamics in Central Europe have accelerated since 1870
Authors: Pretzsch Hans , Biber Peter , Schütze Gerhard , Uhl Enno , Rötzer Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractForest ecosystems have been exposed to climate change for more than 100 years, whereas the consequences on forest growth remain elusive. Based on the oldest existing experimental forest plots in Central Europe, we show that, currently, the dominant tree species Norway spruce and European beech exhibit significantly faster tree growth (+32 to 77%), stand volume growth (+10 to 30%) and standing stock accumulation (+6 to 7%) than in 1960. Stands still follow similar general allometric rules, but proceed more rapidly through usual trajectories. As forest stands develop faster, tree numbers are currently 17–20% lower than in past same-aged stands. Self-thinning lines remain constant, while growth rates increase indicating the stock of resources have not changed, while growth velocity and turnover have altered. Statistical analyses of the experimental plots, and application of an ecophysiological model, suggest that mainly the rise in temperature and extended growing seasons contribute to increased growth acceleration, particularly on fertile sites.
Learning, Forgetting, and Relearning: Skill Learning in Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Adi-Japha Esther , Abu-Asba Haia 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
The current study tested whether the difficulties of children with specific language impairment (SLI) in skill acquisition are related to learning processes that occur while practicing a new skill or to the passage of time between practice and later performance.

Method
The acquisition and retention of a new complex grapho-motor symbol were studied in 5-year-old children with SLI and peers matched for age and nonverbal IQ. The children practiced the production of the symbol for 4 consecutive days. Retention testing took place 10 days later.

Results
Children with SLI began each practice day slower than their peers but attained similar levels of performance by its end. Although they increased their performance speed within sessions more than their peers, they did not retain their learning as well between sessions. The loss in speed was largest in the 10-day retention interval. They were also less accurate, but accuracy differences decreased over time. Between-session group differences in speed could not fully be accounted for based on fine motor skills.

Conclusions
In spite of effective within-session learning, children with SLI did not retain the new skill well. The deficit may be attributed to task forgetting in the presence of delayed consolidation processes.
Design of H‐shaped fractal antenna for microbolometer and its thermal performance estimation
Authors: Takebe K. , Ikeshima Y. , Miyashita H. , Takano K. , Hangyo M. , Lee S.‐S. 
Published: September 2014

The design results of an H‐shaped fractal antenna for application in multi‐band microbolometers and the thermal performance estimation result of the microbolometer are reported. The H‐shaped fractal antenna has been designed for wavelengths of 25 and 150 μm based on a dipole antenna formula and finite element method (FEM) simulation. Simulation results show that the absorption peaks exist at 27 and 150 μm. To verify the absorption characteristics of the designed antenna, the antenna was fabricated and the absorption characteristics for the x‐polarised incident wave radiated from the + z‐direction were measured. The measured transmittance dips at 27 and 146 μm almost agreed with the absorption peaks of the simulation results. The thermal performance estimation of an H‐shaped fractal antenna‐coupled VO2 microbolometer and obtained voltage sensitivities of 0.63 and 4.81 mV/(W/m2) at 27 and 150 μm absorption peaks, respectively, are also presented.
Deep, noninvasive imaging and surgical guidance of submillimeter tumors using targeted M13-stabilized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ghosh Debadyuti , Bagley Alexander F. , Na Young Jeong , Birrer Michael J. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , Belcher Angela M. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Early detection of cancer positively impacts diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient survival. Using fluorescence imaging offers the promise of safe, noninvasive detection with excellent resolution and guides surgical removal of tumors to improve patient outcomes. However, the success of current optical probes is limited due to high background from tissue autofluorescence, poor penetration depth, and inherently low signal stability. Here, we engineered M13 bacteriophage to stabilize single-walled carbon nanotubes for selective, targeted imaging of ovarian tumors. These nanoprobes fluoresce at longer near-infrared wavelengths than current probes, thereby improving noninvasive detection of small, deep tumors and guidance for surgical removal of submillimeter tumors. This material-based approach may be attractive to guide surgical interventions where deep tissue molecular imaging is informative.
Successful Aging Among LGBT Older Adults: Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life by Age Group
Authors: Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen I. , Kim Hyun-Jun , Shiu Chengshi , Goldsen Jayn , Emlet Charles A. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people are a health disparate population as identified in Healthy People 2020. Yet, there has been limited attention to how LGBT older adults maintain successful aging despite the adversity they face. Utilizing a Resilience Framework, this study investigates the relationship between physical and mental health-related quality of life (QOL) and covariates by age group.

Design and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of LGBT adults aged 50 and older (N = 2,560) was conducted by Caring and Aging with Pride: The National Health, Aging, and Sexuality Study via collaborations with 11 sites across the U.S. Linear regression analyses tested specified relationships and moderating effects of age groups (aged 50–64; 65–79; 80 and older).

Results:
Physical and mental health QOL were negatively associated with discrimination and chronic conditions and positively with social support, social network size, physical and leisure activities, substance nonuse, employment, income, and being male when controlling for age and other covariates. Mental health QOL was also positively associated with positive sense of sexual identity and negatively with sexual identity disclosure. Important differences by age group emerged and for the old–old age group the influence of discrimination was particularly salient.

Implications:
This is the first study to examine physical and mental health QOL, as an indicator of successful aging, among LGBT older adults. An understanding of the configuration of resources and risks by age group is important for the development of aging and health initiatives tailored for this growing population.
Using a Micro-Level Model to Generate a Macro-Level Model of Productive Successful Aging
Authors: Johnson Jessica K. M. , Sarkisian Natalia , Williamson John B. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose of the Study:Aging successfully entails good physical and cognitive health, as well as ongoing participation in social and productive activity. This study hones in on participation in productive activity, a factor that makes an important contribution to successful aging. One conceptual model of productive activity in later life specifies the antecedents and consequences of productivity. This study draws on that micro-level model to develop a corresponding macro-level model and assesses its utility for examining the predictors of and explaining the relationships between one form of productivity (labor force participation rates) and one aspect of well-being (average life expectancy) among males and females.Design and Methods:Random effects regression models and path analysis were used to analyze cross-national longitudinal data for 24 high-income Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries at seven time points (1980–2010; 168 observations total).Results:OECD countries with higher labor force participation rates among older workers have higher life expectancies. Labor force participation mediates the effects of gross domestic product per capita on male and female life expectancy, and it mediates the effect of self-employment rate for men, but it acts as a suppressor with regard to the effect of public spending on male and female life expectancy.Implications:A well-known micro-level model of productive activity can be fruitfully adapted to account for macro-level cross-national variation in productivity and well-being.