bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of autonomous recording units to monitor gobbling activity by wild turkey
Authors: Colbert Derek S. , Ruttinger James A. , Streich Mary , Chamberlain Michael , Conner L. Mike , Warren Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAutonomous recording units (ARUs) allow simultaneous sampling at multiple locations and potentially offer an innovative way to improve assessments of gobbling chronology in male wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo spp.). We conducted research on 2 similar study sites in southwestern Georgia, USA, by deploying 14 ARUs across the 2 sites during 2011 and 2012. Autonomous recording units were useful at recording gobbling activity, allowing a single researcher to collect and analyze 19,957 hr of data in approximately 1,000 hr during 2 spring breeding seasons. Additionally, ARUs were capable of recording a gobble from a bird on the roost up to 207 m away; gobbles could be identified using autonomous call recognition (ACR) software. We used an abbreviated sampling regime to record gobbling activity, which displayed a similar pattern in gobbling activity when compared against continuous‐daytime sampling. We used ACR software to develop a recognizer file that autonomously searched recordings and provided a list of candidate vocalizations that may represent turkey gobbles. Although we were able to develop a recognizer file that detected between 70.1% and 78.2% of all gobbling activity recorded, it also had false positive rates of 99.8–99.9%. The software performed poorly on account of inability to discriminate between turkey gobbles and other sounds (i.e., crow calls [Corvus spp.] and background noise). This resulted in lengthy data processing due to the large number of false positives that had to be evaluated individually. We recommend that future studies examine the efficacy of a variety of ACR software in identifying turkey gobbles. If this approach is not viable, we recommend future studies consider altering study design by focusing sampling efforts to specific times of day, thus reducing the number of audio samples recorded and subsequent processing time. Alternatively, researchers could either listen to the data or visually search the data for gobbling activity with spectrogram‐viewing software. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Do capture and survey methods influence whether marked animals are representative of unmarked animals?
Authors: Fieberg John R. , Jenkins Kurt , McCorquodale Scott , Rice Clifford G. , White Gary C. , White Kevin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTRadiocollared animals are frequently used to estimate detection probabilities in aerial surveys. The aircraft used to conduct these surveys may also have been used to aid in the capture of these animals, and recently captured animals may react to hearing or seeing the aircraft, changing their behavior in a way that calls into question the representativeness of estimated detection probabilities. We conducted a literature review and found 30 studies that used radiocollared animals to build sightability detection models; in ≥15 of these studies, the same aircraft was used to capture and survey animals. Although it is difficult to determine whether captured animals have different sighting probabilities than the rest of the target population, we used multiyear resighting data collected from moose (Alces alces) in Minnesota, elk (Cervus elaphus) in Washington, and mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) in Washington and Alaska, to evaluate whether detection probabilities increased or decreased as a function of time since original capture. We did not detect statistically significant within‐individual time trends in detection probabilities, although we could not rule out the possibility of biologically significant results because confidence intervals on effect sizes were relatively wide. The lone exception to this rule was for the cohort of radiocollared moose in Minnesota, which exhibited a slight decrease in detection probabilities over time. Differences in detection probabilities for marked and unmarked animals may not be a significant problem for sightability models, provided that the source of the variability can be captured by model covariates (e.g., heterogeneity is tied to an individual's propensity to be in heavy cover). Nonetheless, capture‐related effects likely deserve greater consideration than currently afforded, and are critically important when applying simple mark–recapture abundance estimators (Lincoln–Petersen, mark–resight) that do not allow consideration of sighting covariates. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Coordination of Nickel(II) by 3‐(2‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole
Authors: Schmidt Alexandra D. , Sun Yu , Thiel Werner R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStarting from easily accessible 3‐[2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrazole a series of four‐ and five‐coordinate diamagnetic nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. The resulting complexes show dynamic NMR spectra reflecting a high degree of flexibility in the ligand backbone. Protonation and deprotonation of the pyrazole moiety allows interconversion of the nickel(II) complexes.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism Following Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Single‐Center, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kimura Yasue , Oki Eiji , Ando Koji , Saeki Hiroshi , Kusumoto Tetsuya , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), manifesting as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, after gastric and colorectal cancer surgery remains poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of VTE following laparoscopic surgery in Japanese patients with gastric and colorectal cancer and identify the associated risk factors.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed VTE events after laparoscopic surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer from April 2012 to March 2013 in our institute. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound sonography of the lower limb. Thromboprophylaxis, graduated compression stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression were used in all patients. Fondaparinux sodium was used in several patients. We examined all patients’ plasma D‐dimer levels throughout the perioperative period.ResultsIn total, 101 patients were enrolled in this study; 71 who underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal cancer were finally analyzed. Thirteen patients (18.3 %) developed asymptomatic VTE. There were no relationships between the development of VTE and perioperative factors such as cardiovascular disease, operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, and fondaparinux administration. Neoadjuvant treatment (chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) was significantly associated with VTE (p < 0.05). Plasma D‐dimer levels were higher 7 days after surgery in patients with than without VTE, although the levels remained high after surgery in all patients.ConclusionsThe incidence of VTE among Japanese patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal cancer was not low. In particular, clinicians should consider the higher risk of VTE in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.
Through the Looking Glass: Real‐Time Video Using ‘Smart’ Technology Provides Enhanced Intraoperative Logistics
Authors: Baldwin Andrew C. W. , Mallidi Hari R. , Baldwin John C. , Sandoval Elena , Cohn William E. , Frazier O. H. , Singh Steve K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn the setting of increasingly complex medical therapies and limited physician resources, the recent emergence of ‘smart’ technology offers tremendous potential for improved logistics, efficiency, and communication between medical team members. In an effort to harness these capabilities, we sought to evaluate the utility of this technology in surgical practice through the employment of a wearable camera device during cardiothoracic organ recovery.MethodsA single procurement surgeon was trained for use of an Explorer Edition Google Glass™ (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA) during the recovery process. Live video feed of each procedure was securely broadcast to allow for members of the home transplant team to remotely participate in organ assessment. Primary outcomes involved demonstration of technological feasibility and validation of quality assurance through group assessment.ResultsThe device was employed for the recovery of four organs: a right single lung, a left single lung, and two bilateral lung harvests. Live video of the visualization process was remotely accessed by the home transplant team, and supplemented final verification of organ quality. In each case, the organs were accepted for transplant without disruption of standard procurement protocols. Media files generated during the procedures were stored in a secure drive for future documentation, evaluation, and education purposes without preservation of patient identifiers.ConclusionsLive video streaming can improve quality assurance measures by allowing off‐site members of the transplant team to participate in the final assessment of donor organ quality. While further studies are needed, this project suggests that the application of mobile ‘smart’ technology offers not just immediate value, but the potential to transform our approach to the practice of medicine.
Liver Resection for De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma Complicated by Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Clinical Challenge
Authors: Chok Kenneth S. H. , Cheung Tan To , Chan Albert C. Y. , Dai Wing Chiu , Chan See Ching , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundDe novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by pyogenic liver abscess is rare, and the standard of care for this disease has yet been defined. This study assesses whether liver resection can be recommended as its standard treatment.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the prospectively collected data of the 1725 patients who underwent primary liver resection for HCC at our hospital during the period from December 1989 to December 2012. Outcomes were compared between patients with and without liver abscess.ResultsTwenty‐two (1.28 %) patients had HCC and liver abscess. Fourteen of them received preoperative drainage. Patients with and without abscess had similar tumor characteristics, but patients with abscess had more operative blood loss (2.2 vs. 0.8 L; p < 0.0001) and more of them needed blood transfusion (63.6 vs. 23.1 %; p < 0.0001). They also had a longer hospital stay (38.5 vs. 10 days; p < 0.0001), a higher hospital mortality (40.9 vs. 2.8 %; p < 0.001), a higher postoperative complication rate (100 vs. 25.9 %; p < 0.0001), and poorer 1, 3, and 5‐years disease‐free survival rates (p = 0.023).ConclusionsThe post‐resection mortality of the patients with de novo HCC complicated by pyogenic liver abscess was so high that liver resection is not recommended as the standard treatment. More research is needed to determine the best therapy for this rare disease.
Reproductive Health CHOICES for Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease or Trait: Randomized Controlled Trial Outcomes over Two Years
Authors: Gallo Agatha M. , Wilkie Diana J. , Yao Yingwei , Molokie Robert E. , Stahl Christiane , Hershberger Patricia E. , Zhao Zhongsheng , Suarez Marie L. , Johnson Bonnye , Angulo Rigoberto , Carrasco Jesus , Angulo Veronica , Thompson Alexis A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInterventions to assist reproductive health decision‐making in populations affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) or trait (SCT) lack proven efficacy over time. Our aim was to compare effects of CHOICES, a Web‐based multimedia education program on implementing informed reproductive plans, and usual care education (e‐Book) on reproductive knowledge, intention, and behavior over 24 months. We randomized 234 participants with SCD (n = 138) or SCT (n = 96) (age 18–35 years, 35 % male, 94 % African American) to CHOICES and e‐Book groups. Participants completed a sickle cell‐specific reproductive measure before and four times after the intervention (6, 12, 18 and 24 months). Compared to the e‐Book group the CHOICES group had significantly more improvement in knowledge over time (p = .004) but not intention (p = .18) or behavior (p = .69). At baseline, 114 (48.7 %) participants reported having partners who would not put the couple at risk for their children inheriting SCD. Of the 116 (49.6 %) at‐risk participants, a higher poroportion of those who were in the CHOICES group chose partners that reduced their risk by the last visit than the e‐Book group (p = .04). Study findings provide important insights for designing a national trial of the CHOICES intervention focusing on subjects whose partner status puts them at risk for having a child with SCD.
Electronic monitoring of orthopedic brace compliance
Authors: Rahman Tariq , Sample Whitney , Yorgova Petya , Neiss Geraldine , Rogers Kenneth , Shah Suken , Gabos Peter , Kritzer Dan , Bowen J. Richard 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Brace compliance measurement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been the subject of a few recent studies. Various sensors have been developed to measure compliance. We have developed a temperature-based data logger—the Cricket—specifically for scoliosis braces, with associated custom software, that is embedded directly in the brace. The purpose of this study was to analyze patterns of brace wear and patient compliance among children with AIS using the Cricket. Methods Fifty-five AIS patients prescribed various brace-time regimens were monitored using the Cricket. All subjects were treated with the Wilmington brace. The compliance rate for each group was determined. Results Overall compliance among subjects was 69.9 ± 31.5 %. Only 14.5 % met or exceeded prescribed brace time. This is consistent with previous compliance monitoring results. Conclusion The results of this study objectively show the difference between prescribed and actual brace wear time and reaffirm the Cricket sensor as an accurate and comfortable brace-monitoring device.
An investigation into enlarging and reducing the size of mirror reflections of the hand on experimentally-induced cold-pressor pain in healthy human participants
Authors: Johnson Mark I , Gohil Manish 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Mirror visual feedback may be a useful clinical tool for reducing pain. Research suggests that reducing the size of a non-painful reflected hand can alleviate complex regional pain syndrome in the affected hand that is out of view. In contrast, research on healthy humans exposed to experimentally induced pain suggests that reducing the appearance of the size of a reflected body part can increase pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enlarging and reducing the visual appearance of the size of a hand using mirror visual feedback on pain threshold, intensity and tolerance in healthy human participants exposed to cold-pressor pain.

Methods
Participants were a convenience sample of 20 unpaid, healthy pain free volunteers aged 18 years or above. Each participant took part in one experiment where they completed cold-pressor pain tests whilst observing normal, enlarged and reduced size reflections of a hand congruent to a hand immersed in the ice cold water. A 4 × 2 factorial repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on time to pain threshold and pain tolerance, and pain intensity with Condition (four levels: no reflection, reduced reflection, normal reflection, enlarged reflection) being the within-subject factors and Sex (two levels: female, male) between-subject factors.

Results
There were no significant effects for Condition, Sex, or Condition × Sex interaction for pain threshold, intensity or tolerance (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 3 mirror reflection conditions for agreement with the statements: “It felt like I was looking directly at my hand rather than at a mirror image”; “It felt like the hand I was looking at was my hand”; and “Did it seem like the hand you saw was a right hand or a left hand?”.

Conclusion
Enlarging or reducing the size of a hand using mirror visual feedback did not alter pain perception in healthy human participants exposed to cold-pressor pain. The different sizes of hands generated by mirror visual feedback created an illusion of looking at their own hand but this was not as strong as looking directly at the hand.

Implications
In future, investigators and clinicians using mirror visual feedback may consider including an adaptive phase to ensure the reflection has been perceptually embodied. Reasons for the lack of effects are explored to inspire further research in the field.
A high-power narrow-linewidth 1018 nm fiber laser based on a single-mode–few-mode–single-mode structure
Authors: Jiang Man , Zhou Pu , Xiao Hu , Ma Pengfei 
Published: August 2015

We demonstrate an all-fiber high-power Yb-doped 1018 nm fiber laser with a Gaussian-shaped output beam profile based on a mismatched structure, which consists of a pair of single-mode fiber Bragg gratings and a section of few-mode double-cladding gain fiber. The output power is up to 107.5 W with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 63%, and the 3 dB band is 0.26 nm at this power level. Such a structure of single-mode–few-mode–single-mode fiber oscillator can be used to generate high-power narrow-linewidth lasing with excellent beam quality in other spectral ranges.
Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Xiao Limin , Xing Chao , Yang Zhongrong , Xu Shaojun , Wang Min , Du Huarong , Liu Kai , Huang Zhaohui 
Published: August 2015

Results from recent trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the prevention of childhood acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been inconsistent. In the present study, we determined whether vitamin D supplementation prevents ARI in healthy children and repeated infections in children with previous ARI. We conducted a systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search included only randomised controlled clinical trials (RCT) comparing vitamin D supplementation with either placebo or no intervention in children younger than 18 years of age. We identified seven RCT and found that the summary estimates were not statistically significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of ARI (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95 % CI 0·55, 1·13), all-cause mortality (RR 1·18, 95 % CI 0·71, 1·94), or the rate of hospital admission due to respiratory infection in healthy children (RR 0·95, 95 % CI 0·72, 1·26). However, in children previously diagnosed with asthma, vitamin D supplementation resulted in a 74 % reduction in the risk of asthma exacerbation (RR 0·26, 95 % CI 0·11, 0·59; test of heterogeneity, I2= 0·0 %). Our findings indicate a lack of evidence supporting the routine use of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of ARI in healthy children; however, they suggest that such supplementation may benefit children previously diagnosed with asthma. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies and possible publication biases related to this field, these results should be interpreted with caution.
Black elderberry extract attenuates inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Farrell Nicholas J. , Norris Gregory H. , Ryan Julia , Porter Caitlin M. , Jiang Christina , Blesso Christopher N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDietary anthocyanins have been shown to reduce inflammation in animal models and may ameliorate obesity-related complications. Black elderberry is one of the richest sources of anthocyanins. We investigated the metabolic effects of anthocyanin-rich black elderberry extract (BEE) in a diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mouse model. Mice were fed either a low-fat diet (n 8), high-fat lard-based diet (HFD; n 16), HFD+0·25 % (w/w) BEE (0·25 %-BEE; n 16) or HFD+1·25 % BEE (1·25 %-BEE; n 16) for 16 weeks. The 0·25 % BEE (0·034 % anthocyanin, w/w) and 1·25 % BEE (0·17 % anthocyanin, w/w) diets corresponded to estimated anthocyanin doses of 20–40 mg and 100–200 mg per kg of body weight, respectively. After 16 weeks, both BEE groups had significantly lower liver weights, serum TAG, homoeostasis model assessment and serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 compared with HFD. The 0·25 %-BEE also had lower serum insulin and TNFα compared with HFD. Hepatic fatty acid synthase mRNA was lower in both BEE groups, whereas PPARγ2 mRNA and liver cholesterol were lower in 1·25 %-BEE, suggesting decreased hepatic lipid synthesis. Higher adipose PPARγ mRNA, transforming growth factor β mRNA and adipose tissue histology suggested a pro-fibrogenic phenotype that was less inflammatory in 1·25 %-BEE. Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of the myokine IL-6 was higher in 0·25 %-BEE relative to HFD. These results suggest that BEE may have improved some metabolic disturbances present in this mouse model of obesity by lowering serum TAG, inflammatory markers and insulin resistance.
The Rise of Effective States in Europe
Authors: Dincecco Mark 
Published: August 2015

This review article examines the development of state capacity—the extractive and productive power of states— in European history. To explain the historical evolution of state capacity, I focus on the role of political innovations. I relate state capacity improvements to long-run economic growth and the establishment of twentieth-century welfare states. The article concludes with historical lessons for developing nations today.“In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.”James Madison (1788, p. 257)
Loneliness among older people as a social problem: the perspectives of medicine, religion and economy
Authors: SCHIRMER WERNER , MICHAILAKIS DIMITRIS 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis article offers a theoretical framework for studying loneliness among older people from a social problems perspective. The framework combines the constructionist approach to social problems (Spector and Kitsuse) and systems theory (Luhmann). Based on the first approach, we understand the social problem of loneliness among older people to be the result of claims-making activities by different key actors. These activities are guided by underlying moralities, causalities and solutions. With the second approach, we can explain how social problems are framed differently within different social systems. The proposed framework is primarily aimed at researchers studying social (in contrast to bio-medical or psychological) aspects of loneliness among older people. It helps not only to guide research designs in order to address conflicting perspectives, rationalities and interests but also to enable researchers to grasp fully how ‘loneliness among older people’ is attributed (potentially shifting) meanings through communicative acts by influential stakeholders in the ‘social problems industry‘. Combining constructionism and Luhmann's theory also helps to interpret and explain concrete claims-making concerning loneliness as a social problem. The argument in this article is illustrated via three different social systems: medicine, religion and economy. Loneliness among older people appears to be something different from each of these perspectives: as a matter of health and illness, of spirituality, and of incentives and commodities, respectively.