bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogenous effects of bat declines from white‐nose syndrome on arthropods
Authors: Wray Amy K. , Peery Marcus Z. , Kochanski Jade M. , Pelton Emma , Lindner Daniel L. , Gratton Claudio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn North America, white‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused precipitous declines in hibernating bat populations, raising the question of whether the rapid loss of arthropodivorous bats may affect the abundance of their prey. During the summers of 2015–2018 (1 year after the arrival of WNS in Wisconsin, USA), we performed intensive arthropod black‐light trapping, ultrasonic acoustic monitoring, and emergence counts at 10 little brown (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown (Eptesicus fuscus) bat maternity roosts with paired control sites. For little brown bats, which are severely affected by WNS, roost counts declined by 95% over the four‐year period, compared to a 38% decline in big brown bat roost counts. Total arthropod abundance decreased by 49%, although decreases among common little brown bat prey were less severe. Our natural predator exclusion experiment supports existing evidence that bats can have measurable trophic impacts on arthropod communities, primarily via top‐down effects on common prey.
Dysphagia in primary progressive aphasia: Clinical predictors and neuroanatomical basis
Authors: Mazzeo Salvatore , Mulroy Eoin , Jiang Jessica , Lassi Michael , Johnson Jeremy C. S. , Hardy Chris J. D. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warren Jason D. , Volkmer Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeDysphagia is an important feature of neurodegenerative diseases and potentially life‐threatening in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) but remains poorly characterized in these syndromes. We hypothesized that dysphagia would be more prevalent in nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfv)PPA than other PPA syndromes, predicted by accompanying motor features, and associated with atrophy affecting regions implicated in swallowing control.MethodsIn a retrospective case–control study at our tertiary referral centre, we recruited 56 patients with PPA (21 nfvPPA, 22 semantic variant [sv]PPA, 13 logopenic variant [lv]PPA). Using a pro forma based on caregiver surveys and clinical records, we documented dysphagia (present/absent) and associated, potentially predictive clinical, cognitive, and behavioural features. These were used to train a machine learning model. Patients' brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed using voxel‐based morphometry and region‐of‐interest analyses comparing differential atrophy profiles associated with dysphagia presence/absence.ResultsDysphagia was significantly more prevalent in nfvPPA (43% vs. 5% svPPA and no lvPPA). The machine learning model revealed a hierarchy of features predicting dysphagia in the nfvPPA group, with excellent classification accuracy (90.5%, 95% confidence interval = 77.9–100); the strongest predictor was orofacial apraxia, followed by older age, parkinsonism, more severe behavioural disturbance, and more severe cognitive impairment. Significant grey matter atrophy correlates of dysphagia in nfvPPA were identified in left middle frontal, right superior frontal, and right supramarginal gyri and right caudate.ConclusionsDysphagia is a common feature of nfvPPA, linked to underlying corticosubcortical network dysfunction. Clinicians should anticipate this symptom particularly in the context of other motor features and more severe disease.
A collagen biostimulator improves photoaging pigmentation
Authors: Kim Jin Cheol , Kim Dong Chan , Park Hyoung Soo , Seo Suk Bae , Kang Hee Young 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotoaging pigmentation conditions such as senile lentigo and melasma show epidermal melanogenic activity and dermal abnormalities, including collagen degradation. A dermal rejuvenation strategy with skin‐lightening therapy directly acting on melanocytes is suggested for photoaging pigmentation. This study investigates whether collagen biostimulation can result in skin lightening of photoaging skin. A split‐face clinical trial was conducted, involving 40 subjects with facial melasma and senile lentigo. Subjects received a poly‐DL‐lactic acid (PDLLA) treatment on one side of their face, whereas the contralateral side received a treatment of normal saline as a control. Assessments were scheduled every month after completing treatments for up to 3 months. Pigmentation was evaluated using the L* value as measured with a chromameter and by investigator global assessment scores (IGA). Subjects reported different outcomes in terms of overall skin quality, including pigmentation, wrinkles and elasticity. Skin biopsies were obtained before the treatment and 4 weeks after completing the treatment. Fontana‐Masson, Masson‐Trichrome and Verhoeff‐van Gieson staining, and fibroblast‐specific protein 1 (FSP1) immunostaining were conducted. The PDLLA treatment demonstrated significant improvements in the L* values and IGA scores from 8 weeks after the subject completed their treatments. These improvements were sustained over a 12‐week assessment period. The subjects reported substantial reductions in both pigmentation and wrinkle severity and elasticity throughout the assessment period. Fontana‐Masson staining showed a marked decrease in pigmentation upon a PDLLA injection compared to the baseline values. Increased immunogenicity of FSP1 and increases in collagen and elastic fibre staining were observed. This study demonstrated remarkable improvements in photoaging pigmentation along with collagen production with a collagen biostimulator. Thus, collagen biostimulators represent a promising therapeutic approach for addressing photoaging signs associated with melasma and senile lentigo. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05913102).
Changes in mouse epidermal DNA methylation during development of squamous cell carcinoma in response to UVR
Authors: Meyer Olivia Luxford , Andersen Jeppe Dyrberg , Børsting Claus , Morling Niels , Andersen Mikkel Meyer , Wulf Hans Christian , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Lerche Catharina Margrethe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer, often caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Recent studies have shown that changes in DNA methylation play a crucial role in the development of cancers. However, methylation patterns of SCC are not well characterised. Identifying biomarkers for the risk of developing SCC could be helpful for early detection and diagnosis and can potentially improve treatment and prevention strategies. This study aimed to investigate methylation changes in the epidermis of mice exposed to UVR for 24 weeks. We examined the DNA methylation levels of 260 199 CpGs using the Illumina Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip and studied the epidermis of UVR‐exposed and unexposed mice every 4 weeks for 24 weeks (n = 39). We identified CpGs with large differences in methylation levels (β‐values) between UVR‐exposed and unexposed mice. We also observed differences in the epigenetic age of these mice. We identified CpGs in Rev, Ipmk, Rad51b, Fgfr2, Fgfr3 and Ctnnb1 that may serve as potential biomarkers for SCC risk and could be helpful for the early detection and prevention of SCC. Further investigations are necessary to determine the biological functions and clinical significance of these CpGs.
Deciphering dermatological distinctions: Cornulin as a discriminant biomarker between basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma detected through e‐biopsy and machine learning
Authors: Vitkin Edward , Wise Julia , Berl Ariel , Shir‐az Ofir , Kravtsov Vladimir , Yakhini Zohar , Shalom Avshalom , Golberg Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClinical misdiagnosis between cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) poses treatment challenges and carries risks of recurrence, metastases and increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify discriminant proteins markers for cSCC and BCC using a minimally invasive proteome sampling method called e‐biopsy, employing electroporation for non‐thermal cell permeabilization and machine learning. E‐biopsy facilitated ex vivo proteome extraction from 21 cSCC and 21 BCC pathologically validated human cancers. LC/MS/MS profiling of 126 proteomes was followed by machine learning analysis to identify proteins distinguishing cSCC from BCC. For identified panel validation, we used proteomes sampled by e‐biopsy from unrelated 20 cSCC and 46 BCC human cancers, and differential expression analysis of published transcriptomics. Cornulin, the most commonly chosen discriminative biomarker by machine learning models, was also validated using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. One hundred and ninety‐two proteomes sampled from one hundred eight patients were analysed. Machine learning‐based approaches resulted in a set of 11 potential biomarker proteins that can be used to construct a patient classification model with 95.2% average cross‐validation accuracy, BCC precision of 93.6 ± 14.5%, cSCC precision of 98.4 ± 7.2%, specificity of 97.7 ± 11.8% and sensitivity 92.7 ± 15.3%. Protein–protein interaction analysis revealed a novel interaction network connecting 10 of the 11 resulted proteins. Histological and transcriptomic validation confirmed cornulin as a discriminant marker significantly lower in cSCC than in BCC. E‐biopsy combined with machine learning provides a novel approach to molecular sampling from skin for biomarker detection and differential expression analysis between cSCC and BCC.
Very high cycle fatigue of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: Uniaxial ultrasonic fatigue
Authors: Behvar Alireza , Sojoodi Mahyar , Elahinia Mohammad , Niutta Carlo B. , Tridello Andrea , Paolino Davide S. , Haghshenas Meysam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review explores uniaxial ultrasonic fatigue (USF) testing as a common and dependable method for quantifying the extended fatigue life of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The objective is to explain the complexities governing the fatigue life behavior of FRPs, particularly in the realm of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) where the number of loading cycles exceeds 107. To this end, this review encompasses the analysis of VHCF behavior, including the derivation and interpretation of stress–life (S–N) data, the evaluation of various fatigue damage mechanisms (i.e., controlling mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation) exhibited in FRP composites, and a thorough investigation of the frequency‐dependent effects on fatigue responses. Furthermore, this review tries to analyze the microscopic intricacies intrinsic to the VHCF failure of FRP composites, encompassing aspects such as fiber‐matrix de‐bonding, matrix cracking, and delamination, unveiling their modes and effects in a detailed manner. This review also underscores the pivotal integration of simulations, machine learning, and modeling techniques, emphasizing their crucial role in explaining both macroscopic and microscopic interactions governing the VHCF of FRPs.
Unveiling interconnectedness between marine protected and non‐protected areas in Tanzania: Insights from barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) population genetic structure
Authors: Rumisha Cyrus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are globally recognised for their role in safeguarding marine fisheries from the detrimental impacts of human activities and climate change. Tanzania, in alignment with global conservation efforts, has designated 18 MPAs and plans to establish four more in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. However, a critical challenge arises from the lack of a thorough understanding of genetic connectivity between populations in MPAs and non‐protected areas (NPAs). To address this, 151 mitochondrial D‐loop sequences (357 base pairs) of Barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) were analysed to assess genetic connectivity between MPAs and NPAs in Tanzania. The findings revealed a low and insignificant index of genetic differentiation (FST = −0.0046, p > 0.05) between populations in MPAs and NPAs. Furthermore, haplotypes from both MPAs and NPAs did not cluster based on their geographical origins, with over 9 haplotypes shared between these areas. Additionally, the measured haplotype and nucleotide diversities did not differ significantly between MPAs and NPAs (p > 0.05). However, MPAs showed a significantly higher number of private haplotypes compared to NPAs (p < 0.05). These findings suggest high genetic interconnectedness between populations in MPAs and NPAs, underlining the importance of existing MPAs in preserving local genetic diversity and their potential to replenish depleted NPAs. However, realising the full potential of this interconnectedness necessitates stringent enforcement of sustainable fishing practices to alleviate pressure on fish stocks. It also requires the protection of critical habitats that serve as corridors for fish dispersal, facilitating interconnectedness between MPAs and NPAs.
A novel transcription factor Sdr1 involving sulfur depletion response in fission yeast
Authors: Ohtsuka Hokuto , Ohara Kotaro , Shimasaki Takafumi , Hatta Yoshiko , Maekawa Yasukichi , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the response to sulfur depletion has been less studied compared to the response to nitrogen depletion. Our study reveals that the fission yeast gene, SPCC417.09c, plays a significant role in the sulfur depletion response. This gene encodes a protein with a Zn2Cys6 fungal‐type DNA‐binding domain and a transcription factor domain, and we have named it sdr1+ (sulfur depletion response 1). Interestingly, while sulfur depletion typically induces autophagy akin to nitrogen depletion, we found that autophagy was not induced under sulfur depletion in the absence of sdr1+. This suggests that sdr1+ is necessary for the induction of autophagy under conditions of sulfur depletion. Although sdr1+ is not essential for the growth of fission yeast, its overexpression, driven by the nmt1 promoter, inhibits growth. This implies that Sdr1 may possess cell growth‐inhibitory capabilities. In addition, our analysis of Δsdr1 cells revealed that sdr1+ also plays a role in regulating the expression of genes associated with the phosphate depletion response. In conclusion, our study introduces Sdr1 as a novel transcription factor that contributes to an appropriate cellular nutrient starvation response. It does so by inhibiting inappropriate cell growth and inducing autophagy in response to sulfur depletion.
Subjectivities of highly skilled lead, tied, and equal migrant mothers
Authors: Kačkutė Eglė 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProfessionally mobile individuals tend to migrate for career purposes at the prime age of reproduction. This article focuses on highly skilled migrant mothers from different cultural backgrounds living and working in Geneva. The article argues that they inhabit and internalize their identities as―lead, tied, and/or equal―migrants and this impacts ways in which they come to develop their professional and maternal subjectivities. Highly skilled migrant mothers who identified with their tied migrant status developed a neoliberal professional and maternal subjectivity, whereas those who had internalized the lead or equal migrant ideal subjectivities developed liberal feminist professional and maternal selves. The typology of postfeminist/neoliberal versus liberal feminist migrant mothers' subjectivities helps us to better understand the feminist potentials for migration of highly skilled mothers.
Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Review
Authors: Sahara Shu , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Murata Masaki , Iwata Eri , Kawai Takashi , Murakami Kazunari , Yamaoka Yoshio , Shimoyama Tadashi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPatients receiving hemodialysis (HD) often develop gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, although in general population, clinical guidelines for Helicobacter pylori have strongly recommended its eradication in patients to prevent gastric cancer, optimal eradication regimen and optimal dosage of drugs for patients receiving HD have not been established, due to possible incidence of adverse events. Some antimicrobial agents used in eradication therapy, particularly amoxicillin, can exacerbate renal dysfunction. Given the delayed pharmacokinetics of drugs in patients receiving HD compared with those in healthy individuals, drug regimen and dosage should be considered to minimize adverse effects. Although previous studies have investigated the benefits of eradication therapy for patients receiving HD, because most studies were small in terms of the number of enrolled patients, it is hard to show evidence. The numbers of eradication in HD patients have recently increased, and it is important to provide an optimal regimen. The consideration of eradication in patients undergoing HD with a reduction in the drug dose by 1/2–1/3 may prevent adverse events. Additionally, another important consideration is whether adverse events can be prevented while maintaining a similar eradication rate with reduced drug dosages. Recent meta‐analysis findings indicate comparable eradication rates in patients receiving HD and healthy individuals, both with the same dosage regimen and at a reduced dosage regimen, with no significant differences (relative risk [RR] for successful eradication: 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–1.50]). Unlike with the same dosage regimen (RR for adverse events: 3.15 [95% CI: 1.93–5.13]), the adverse events in the dosage reduction regimen were similar to those in healthy individuals (RR: 1.26 [95% CI: 0.23–6.99]). From a pharmacological perspective, the eradication regimen in patients receiving HD should consider the dosage (1/2–1/3 dosage), dosing number (bid), dosing timing of drugs (after HD), and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.
Changes in alanine aminotransferase and body composition and metabolic factors among individuals receiving medical health checkups
Authors: Onishi Saori , Fukuda Akira , Matsui Masahiro , Ushiro Kosuke , Nishikawa Tomohiro , Asai Akira , Kim Soo Ki , Nishikawa Hiroki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and those in body composition and metabolic factors in participants receiving medical health checkups (4350 men [mean age 52.5 years] and 5398 women [mean age 50.5 years])MethodsWe divided the participants into four types based on their ALT value at baseline and 1 year: A, ALT ≤30 (baseline) and ≤30 (1 year); B, ALT ≥31 (baseline) and ≤30 (1 year); C, ALT ≤30 (baseline) and ≥31 (1 year); and D, ALT ≥31 (baseline) and ≥31 (1 year). The change in each body composition‐related parameter (waist circumference, fat mass, fat‐free mass, fat mass to fat‐free mass ratio, etc.) after 1‐year was defined as Δ.ResultsThe mean changes in waist circumference (cm) in the four types (A, B, C, and D) were −0.33, −1.54, 0.66, and −0.29 (overall p < 0.0001) in men, and −0.19, −0.90, 0.30, and 0.090 (overall p < 0.0001) in women. The mean changes in fat mass (kg) in the four types were −0.027, −0.86, 0.62, and 0.092 (overall p < 0.0001) in men, and 0.0067, −0.48, 0.39, and 0.063 (overall p < 0.0001) in women. The mean changes in fat‐free mass (kg) in the four types were −0.028, −0.55, 0.42, and −0.034 (overall p < 0.0001) in men, and −0.0091, −0.34, 0.12, and −0.045 (overall p = 0.0012) in women. The mean changes in fat mass to fat‐free mass ratio in the four types were −0.00042, −0.0120, 0.00837, and 0.00171 (overall p < 0.0001) in men, and −0.00013, −0.00817, 0.00730, and 0.00628 (overall p < 0.0001) in women.ConclusionA decrease in ALT to ≤30 IU/L may be associated with improved body composition balance, but caution should be exercised for the decrease in muscle mass.
The psychosocial impact of a chronic disease in Ireland: Burdens and helpful practices for a life with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Salamon Gudrun , Field‐Werners Ursula , Strobl Sophie , Hübl Vinzenz , Diem Anja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough Ireland has one of the highest levels of well‐being in Europe, having a health condition has been found to have a direct negative impact. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current situation and the experiences of patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a rare genetic skin disease, and their relatives living in Ireland, with a focus on burdens and helpful practices.Methods and MeasuresIn a mixed‐methods design, a series of standardised questionnaires were combined with open‐ended questions. Via an online survey, data from n = 59 EB patients and relatives of EB patients living in Ireland were collected.ResultsEB affects both the patients and their relatives. Burdens were found in relation to the visibility of EB, the degree of severity, the current health status, reduced mobility, the financial impact of EB, the psychosocial impact and personal and social resources. The paper also analyses existing resources and highlights opportunities for support and needs of improvement.ConclusionQuality of life with EB is influenced by somatic symptoms and the psychosocial burden. Individual helpful practices in dealing with this rare disease can be considered as mediators, but they need to be supported by structural and healthcare improvements.Patient or Public ContributionThe perspective of EB patients, their relatives and EB experts were taken into account in the development of the study design via two feedback loops with the EB patient organisations DEBRA Ireland and DEBRA Austria. The design was adapted accordingly. Additionally, by including open‐ended questions, patients and relatives could contribute their individual perspectives and add insights into their lives with EB that might not have been captured with the structured online survey alone.
Extensive mismatch between protected areas and biodiversity hotspots of Iranian Lepidoptera
Authors: Noori Sajad , Rödder Dennis , Soofi Mahmood , Hawlitschek Oliver , Husemann Martin , Rajaei Hossein 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Amidst the era of rapid decline in insect diversity, the role of protected areas (PAs) in conserving current insect diversity is more significant than ever. Previous studies indicate that the species‐diverse regions in Iran fall within two global biodiversity hotspots (GBHs): the Irano‐Anatolian hotspot in the north and the Caucasus hotspot in the west. However, there is an extensive conservation gap between species‐diverse regions and PAs for different vertebrate taxa. Additionally, mega‐diverse groups of insects have been overlooked in previous conservation assessments.
In this study, using the most comprehensive occurrence dataset of 1974 species from nine families of Lepidoptera, we delineated regions with statistically significant high diversity as diversity hotspots of the group. Furthermore, we defined the regions with higher conservation priority. Finally, we applied a gap analysis to assess the mismatch between the network of PAs and the most species‐diverse regions.
Most species‐diverse regions of Lepidoptera fall within GBHs and particularly the Irano‐Anatolian hotspot. Overall, the results of our gap analysis revealed that less than one quarter of currently established PAs cover priority areas for conservation, which indicates a dramatic deficiency of the network of PAs in conserving higher priority areas of Lepidoptera.
Misplacement of the PAs in Iran, beside pressure of human footprint, can reduce the effectiveness of the established PAs to conserve the current biodiversity. Hence, enhancing the existing network of PAs and designing new ones, while considering mega‐diverse taxa such as insects, will be essential for implementing effective conservation practices.