bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to guideline‐compliant psoriasis care: analyses and concepts
Authors: Eissing L. , Radtke M.A. , Zander N. , Augustin M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDespite the availability of effective therapeutics and evidence‐based treatment guidelines, a substantial proportion of patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis does not receive appropriate care. This under‐provision of health care may cause further worsening of health, remarkable limitations of the patient's quality of life, and indirect costs for the health care system. In order to provide guideline‐compliant care for every psoriasis patient, it is important to identify barriers obstructing optimal care. Studies have identified various barriers on the physician's and on the patient's side; however, respective studies approached only single barriers, and not all of them in the context of psoriasis. Other publications that describe barriers systematically did not focus on psoriasis either. The objective of this literature review was to identify barriers and facilitators, based on studies analysing quality of care and single barriers, resulting in a comprehensive model of causal factors. Our analyses revealed three categories of barriers – patient‐related, physician‐related and external factors: On the patient side, we found non‐adherence to therapies to be an important barrier, often in close association with psychiatric factors. Barriers on the physician's side predominantly are incomplete knowledge of the guidelines as well as the complexity of psoriasis comorbidity. In some countries, payment for patients with complex disease status is poor and inconsistent reimbursement regulations potentially interfere with optimal care. The current analysis indicates that most barriers are interdependent. Thus, measures approaching related barriers simultaneously are required. To improve care for psoriasis patients, further studies systematically addressing all potentially relevant barriers in conjoint are needed.
Comparison of health‐related quality of life between patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease and patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Lee Suk Jeong , Son Heesook 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared health‐related quality of life in patients with early to mid‐stage chronic kidney disease.MethodsThis study utilized a comparative descriptive design. Patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were recruited from a hospital in Korea. Information from patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease was obtained from Korean national survey data. A total of 75 pairs were matched using the propensity score method. Health‐related quality of life was compared using the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions questionnaire.ResultsOnly 4% of patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease are aware of their disease. These patients have decreased mobility and ability to perform their usual activities (χ2 = 10.77, P = 0.001; χ2 = 7.22, P = 0.007, respectively). However, they have lower levels of anxiety and depression than patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (χ2 = 13.37, P < 0.001). The European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions utility scores do not differ between the two patient groups.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that more effective management programs are needed to improve health‐related quality of life in patients at all stages of chronic kidney disease. Educational intervention in asymptomatic patients is important to increase awareness and early detection of chronic kidney disease.
THE THREAT EFFECT OF ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Filges Trine , Hansen Anne Toft 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper is a systematic review of the threat effect of active labor market programs for unemployed individuals. The threat effect is the induced change in the hazard rate of leaving unemployment prior to program participation. Studies included in the review all estimated a threat effect, with the participants in all cases being unemployed individuals in receipt of benefit of some kind during their tenure of unemployment. Eight of these studies have been included in a meta‐analysis: The meta‐analysis, which has been carried out using a random effects model to account for heterogeneity, indicated a hazard ratio of 1.25 for the pooled estimate. We conclude that active labor market programs constitute a statistically significant threat effect, although it is modest.
Effects of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus and Sweet Potato Chlorotic Stunt Virus on the Yield of SweetPotato in Uganda
Authors: Adikini Scovia , Mukasa Settumba B. , Mwanga Robert O. M. , Gibson Richard W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) are the most common viruses infecting sweetpotato in Uganda. Field plots planted with graft inoculated plants of virus‐free cultivars Beauregard, Dimbuka, Ejumula, Kabode and NASPOT 1 were used to assess the effect of SPFMV and SPCSV on yield and quality of sweetpotatoes in two agro‐ecologies. SPFMV spreads rapidly to control plots at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute Kabanyolo (MUARIK), and these plots had similar yields to those singly infected with SPFMV but at the National Semi Arid Resource Research Institute (NaSARRI) where SPFMV spreads slowly, plots infected with SPFMV yielded 40% less than the control. Recovery from SPFMV appeared to be more frequent at NaSARRI than at MUARIK. Infection by SPCSV alone resulted in yield losses of 14–52%, while mixed infections of SPFMV+SPCSV resulted in yield losses in both locations of 60–95% depending on the cultivar. SPCSV and mixed infections of SPFMV+SPCSV also reduced the number of roots formed as well as the diameter of the roots, resulting in a greater length to diameter ratio compared to the healthy control. This study, therefore, confirms that both SPFMV and SPCSV, both singly and when mixed, can reduce yield, the extent depending on the cultivar. To mitigate the effect of these viruses, farmers should use clean planting materials of resistant varieties.
Isolation of aWickerhamomyces anomalusyeast strain from the sandflyPhlebotomus perniciosus, displaying the killer phenotype
Authors: MARTIN E. , BONGIORNO G. , GIOVATI L. , MONTAGNA M. , CROTTI E. , DAMIANI C. , GRADONI L. , POLONELLI L. , RICCI I. , FAVIA G. , EPIS S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe yeastWickerhamomyces anomalushas been studied for its wide biotechnological potential, mainly for applications in the food industry. Different strains ofW. anomalushave been isolated from diverse habitats and recently from insects, including mosquitoes of medical importance. This paper reports the isolation and phylogenetic characterization ofW. anomalusfrom laboratory‐reared adults and larvae ofPhlebotomus perniciosus(Diptera: Psychodidae), a main phlebotomine vector of human and canine leishmaniasis. Of 65 yeast strains isolated fromP. perniciosus, 15 strains were identified asW. anomalus; one of these was tested for the killer phenotype and demonstrated inhibitory activity against four yeast sensitive strains, as reported for mosquito‐isolated strains. The association betweenP. perniciosusandW. anomalusdeserves further investigation in order to explore the possibility that this yeast may exert inhibitory/killing activity againstLeishmaniaspp.
Oropharyngeal oxygen and volatile anesthetic agent concentration during the use of laryngeal mask airway in children
Authors: Hakim Mumin , Krishna Senthil G. , Syed Ahsan , Lind Meredith , Elmaraghy Charles , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe laryngeal mask airway is increasingly used as an airway adjunct during general anesthesia. Although placement is generally simpler than an endotracheal tube, complete sealing of the airway may not occur, resulting in contamination of the oropharynx with anesthetic gases. Oropharyngeal oxygen enrichment may be one of the contributing factors predisposing to an airway fire during adenotonsillectomy. The current study prospectively assesses the oropharyngeal oxygen and volatile anesthetic agent concentration during laryngeal mask airway use in infants and children.MethodsFollowing the induction of general anesthesia and placement of a laryngeal mask airway, the oropharyngeal gas sample was obtained by placing a 14‐gauge catheter attached to the gas sampling tube into the oropharynx above the laryngeal mask airway. The oropharyngeal concentration of the oxygen and the anesthetic agent were recorded for five breaths during both spontaneous ventilation (SV) and positive pressure ventilation (PPV).ResultsThe study included 238 patients. The oropharyngeal concentration of sevoflurane was >50% of the inspired sevoflurane concentration during SV in 10 of 238 (4.2%) patients and during PPV in 135 of 238 (56.7%) patients. Similarly, during SV and PPV, the oropharyngeal oxygen concentration was >21% in 30 of 238 (12.6%) patients and in 188 of 238 (79%) patients, respectively. Significantly, we also noticed that the oropharyngeal oxygen concentration exceeded 50% in 5 of 238 (2.1%) patients during SV and in 139 of 238 patients (58.4%) patients during PPV.ConclusionsWith the use of a laryngeal mask airway and the administration of 100% oxygen, there was significant contamination of the oropharynx during both PPV and SV. The oropharyngeal concentration of oxygen was high enough to support combustion in a significant number of patients. The use of a laryngeal mask airway does not ensure sealing of the airway and may be one risk factor for an airway fire during adenotonsillectomy.
Dissection of the genetic architecture for grain quality‐related traits in three RIL populations of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Liu Na , Ku Lixia , Tian Zhiqiang , Shi Yong , Guo Shulei , Su Huihui , Zhang Liangkun , Ren Zhenzhen , Li Guohui , Wang Xiaobo , Zhu Yuguang , Qi Jianshuang , Zhang Xin , Chen Yanhui 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo manipulate the composition of the maize kernel to meet future needs, an understanding of the molecular regulation of kernel quality‐related traits is required. In this study, the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the concentrations of grain protein, starch and oil were identified using three sets of RIL populations in three environments. The genetic maps and the initial QTL were integrated using meta‐analyses. A total of 38 QTL were identified, including 15 in population 1, 12 in population 2 and 11 in population 3. The individual effects ranged from 2.87% to 13.11% of the phenotypic variation, with seven QTL each contributing over 10%. One common QTL was found for the concentrations of grain protein and starch in bin 3.09 in the three environments and the three RIL populations. Of the 38 initial QTL, 22 were integrated into eight mQTL by meta‐analysis. mQTL3 and mQTL8 of the key mQTL in which the initial QTL displayed R2 > 10% included six and three initial QTL for grain protein and starch concentrations from two or three populations, respectively. These results will provide useful information for marker‐assisted selection to improve the quality of the maize kernel.
The influence of metabolic and circulatory heterogeneity on the expression of pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in humans
Authors: Keir Daniel A. , Robertson Taylor C. , Benson Alan P. , Rossiter Harry B. , Kowalchuk John M. 
Published: November 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The finding that pulmonary oxygen uptake () kinetics on transition to moderate exercise is invariant and exponential is consistent with a first‐order reaction controlling . However, slowed kinetics when initiating exercise from raised baseline intensities challenges this notion.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Here, we demonstrate how a first‐order system can respond with non‐first‐order response dynamics. Data suggest that progressive recruitment of muscle fibre populations having progressively lower mitochondrial density and slower microvascular blood flow kinetics can unify the seemingly contradictory evidence for the control of on transition to exercise.

We examined the relationship amongst baseline work rate (WR), phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake () time constant () and functional gain during moderate‐intensity exercise. Transitions were initiated from a constant or variable baseline WR. A validated circulatory model was used to examine the role of heterogeneity in muscle metabolism () and blood flow () in determining kinetics. We hypothesized that and GP would be invariant in the constant baseline condition but would increase linearly with increased baseline WR. Fourteen men completed three to five repetitions of ∆40 W step transitions initiated from 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 W on a cycle ergometer. The ∆40 W step transitions from 60, 80, 100 and 120 W were preceded by 6 min of 20 W cycling, from which the progressive ΔWR transitions (constant baseline condition) were examined. The was measured breath by breath using mass spectrometry and a volume turbine. For a given ΔWR, both (22–35 s) and GP (8.7–10.5 ml min−1 W−1) increased (P < 0.05) linearly as a function of baseline WR (20–120 W). The was invariant (P < 0.05) in transitions initiated from 20 W, but GP increased with ΔWR (P < 0.05). Modelling the summed influence of multiple muscle compartments revealed that could appear fast (24 s), and similar to in vivo measurements (22 ± 6 s), despite being derived from values with a range of 15–40 s and with a range of 20–45 s, suggesting that within the moderate‐intensity domain phase II kinetics are slowed dependent on the pretransition WR and are strongly influenced by muscle metabolic and circulatory heterogeneity.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Strain MbURU-001, Isolated from Fresh Bovine Infected Samples
Authors: Lasserre Moira , Berná Luisa , Greif Gonzalo , Díaz-Viraqué Florencia , Iraola Gregorio , Naya Hugo , Castro-Ramos Miguel , Juambeltz Arturo , Robello Carlos 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis in cattle has a high incidence in Uruguay, where it is considered a disease of national importance. We present the genome sequence of
Mycobacterium bovis
strain MbURU-001, isolated from pectoral lymph nodes of a bovine host from a cattle farm.
Complete Genome Sequence of Methanosphaerula palustris E1-9C
T
, a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen Isolated from a Minerotrophic Fen Peatland
Authors: Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby , Browne Patrick , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Goodwin Lynne , Detter Chris , Yavitt Joseph B. , Zinder Stephen H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence (2.92 Mb) of
Methanosphaerula palustris
E1-9C
T
, a methanogen isolated from a minerotrophic fen. This is the first genome report of the
Methanosphaerula
genus, within the
Methanoregulaceae
family, in the
Methanomicrobiales
order. E1-9C
T
relatives are found in a wide range of ecological and geographical settings.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Campylobacter ureolyticus Clinical Isolate RIGS 9880
Authors: Miller William G. , Yee Emma , On Stephen L. W. , Andersen Leif P. , Bono James L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The emerging pathogen
Campylobacter ureolyticus
has been isolated from human and animal genital infections, human periodontal disease, domestic and food animals, and from cases of human gastroenteritis. We report the whole-genome sequence of the human clinical isolate RIGS 9880, which is the first closed genome for
C. ureolyticus
.
Detecting 16S rRNA Methyltransferases in Enterobacteriaceae by Use of Arbekacin
Authors: McGann Patrick , Chahine Sarah , Okafor Darius , Ong Ana C. , Maybank Rosslyn , Kwak Yoon I. , Wilson Kerry , Zapor Michael , Lesho Emil , Hinkle Mary 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

16S rRNA methyltransferases confer resistance to most aminoglycosides, but discriminating their activity from that of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) is challenging using phenotypic methods. We demonstrate that arbekacin, an aminoglycoside refractory to most AMEs, can rapidly detect 16S methyltransferase activity in
Enterobacteriaceae
with high specificity using the standard disk susceptibility test.
The impact of meeting locations for men having sex with men on the risk for bacterial sexually transmitted infections: analyses from a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Marcus U , an der Heiden M , Gassowski M , Kruspe M , Drewes J 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesOpportunities for men having sex with men (MSM) to meet each other have very much improved by new communication technologies. Meeting venue-based characteristics can impact how many partners are met and how much sexual risk is taken. We analysed the association between physical and virtual venues and the risk for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (bSTIs) among participants in an MSM online survey.MethodsData were collected during 2013/2014 with a survey targeting MSM living in Germany. The impact of the meeting place with the last non-steady anal sex partner on diagnosis with a bSTI in the previous year was analysed using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis, taking into account self-reported HIV status, serostatus communication, condom use, partner number, age and city size.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 8878 respondents (7799 not diagnosed with HIV; 1079 diagnosed with HIV). Meeting partners online was most common (62% HIV−/51% HIV+), followed by sex venues (11% HIV−/25% HIV+); other venues were each reported by 2–6% of the respondents. Venue-dependent proportions reporting bSTIs in the recent year were 2–4 folds higher among men diagnosed with HIV. In multivariate analysis, HIV status was the strongest predictor for bSTIs (OR=5.0; 95% CI 2.8 to 8.7). Compared with meeting partners online, sex (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.5) and social venues (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6) were associated with increased bSTI risk for men not diagnosed with HIV, but the risk when meeting partners by smartphone apps was only of borderline significance (OR 1.5; 95% CI 0.9 to 2.3). For men diagnosed with HIV, bSTI risk increased for sex venues (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.1), and was lower for non-gay/other venues (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5).ConclusionsVenues are connected to social-behavioural facets of corresponding sexual encounters, and may be important arenas for differential HIV and STI education, treatment and prevention.
Evictions and suicide: a follow-up study of almost 22 000 Swedish households in the wake of the global financial crisis
Authors: Rojas Yerko , Stenberg Sten-Åke 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundMillions of families across the world are evicted every year. However, very little is known about the impact that eviction has on their lives. This lack of knowledge is also starting to be noticed within the suicidological literature, and prominent scholars are arguing that there is an urgent need to explore the extent to which suicides may be considered a plausible consequence of being faced with eviction.MethodThe present study's sample consists of all persons served with an application for execution of an eviction order during 2009–2012. This group is compared to a random 10% sample of the general Swedish population, ages 16 years and over. The analysis is based on penalised maximum likelihood logistic regressions.ResultsThose who had lost their legal right to their dwellings and for whom the landlord had applied for the eviction to be executed were approximately four times more likely to commit suicide than those who had not been exposed to this experience (OR=4.42), controlling for several demographic, socioeconomic and mental health conditions prior to the date of the judicial decision.ConclusionsHome evictions have a significant and detrimental impact on individuals’ risk of committing suicide, even when several other well-known suicidogenic risk factors are controlled for. Our results reinforce the importance of ongoing attempts to remove the issue of evictions from its status as a hidden and neglected social problem.
Reducing Toxicity of Immune Therapy Using Aptamer-Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Gilboa Eli , Berezhnoy Alexey , Schrand Brett 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Modulating the function of immune receptors with antibodies is ushering in a new era in cancer immunotherapy. With the notable exception of PD-1 blockade used as monotherapy, immune modulation can be associated with significant toxicities that are expected to escalate with the development of increasingly potent immune therapies. A general way to reduce toxicity is to target immune potentiating drugs to the tumor or immune cells of the patient. This Crossroads article discusses a new class of nucleic acid–based immune-modulatory drugs that are targeted to the tumor or to the immune system by conjugation to oligonucleotide aptamer ligands. Cell-free chemically synthesized short oligonucleotide aptamers represent a novel and emerging platform technology for generating ligands with desired specificity that offer exceptional versatility and feasibility in terms of development, manufacture, and conjugation to an oligonucleotide cargo. In proof-of-concept studies, aptamer ligands were used to target immune-modulatory siRNAs or aptamers to induce neoantigens in the tumor cells, limit costimulation to the tumor lesion, or enhance the persistence of vaccine-induced immunity. Using increasingly relevant murine models, the aptamer-targeted immune-modulatory drugs engendered protective antitumor immunity that was superior to that of current “gold-standard” therapies in terms of efficacy and lack of toxicity or reduced toxicity. To overcome immune exhaustion aptamer-targeted siRNA conjugates could be used to downregulate intracellular mediators of exhaustion that integrate signals from multiple inhibitory receptors. Recent advances in aptamer development and second-generation aptamer–drug conjugates suggest that we have only scratched the surface. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(11); 1195–200. ©2015 AACR.
Examining Differences in Patterns of Sensory and Motor Recovery After Stroke With Robotics
Authors: Semrau Jennifer A. , Herter Troy M. , Scott Stephen H. , Dukelow Sean P. 
Published: November 2015

Background and Purpose—
Developing a better understanding of the trajectory and timing of stroke recovery is critical for developing patient-centered rehabilitation approaches. Here, we quantified proprioceptive and motor deficits using robotic technology during the first 6 months post stroke to characterize timing and patterns in recovery. We also make comparisons of robotic assessments to traditional clinical measures.

Methods—
One hundred sixteen subjects with unilateral stroke were studied at 4 time points: 1, 6, 12, and 26 weeks post stroke. Subjects performed robotic assessments of proprioceptive (position sense and kinesthesia) and motor function (unilateral reaching task and bimanual object hit task), as well as several clinical measures (Functional Independence Measure, Purdue Pegboard, and Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment).

Results—
One week post stroke, many subjects displayed proprioceptive (48% position sense and 68% kinesthesia) and motor impairments (80% unilateral reaching and 85% bilateral movement). Interindividual recovery on robotic measures was highly variable. However, we characterized recovery as early (normal by 6 weeks post stroke), late (normal by 26 weeks post stroke), or incomplete (impaired at 26 weeks post stroke). Proprioceptive and motor recovery often followed different timelines. Across all time points, robotic measures were correlated with clinical measures.

Conclusions—
These results highlight the need for more sensitive, targeted identification of sensory and motor deficits to optimize rehabilitation after stroke. Furthermore, the trajectory of recovery for some individuals with mild to moderate stroke may be much longer than previously considered.