bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-grid for on-site wind-and-hydrogen powered generation
Authors: Suskis P. , Andreiciks A. , Steiks I. , Krievs O. , Kleperis J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The authors propose a micro-grid for autonomous wind-and-hydrogen power generation thus replacing such traditional fossil-fuelled equipment as domestic diesel generators, gas micro-turbines, etc. In the proposed microgrid the excess of electrical energy from a wind turbine is spent on electrolytic production of hydrogen which is then stored under low-pressure in absorbing composite material. The electrolyser has a non-traditional feeding unit and electrode coatings. The proposed DC/DC conversion topologies for different micro-grid nodes are shown to be well-designed. The prototypes elaborated for the converters and hydrogen storage media were tested and have demonstrated a good performance.
The influence of the chain length and the functional group steric accessibility of thiols on the phase transfer efficiency of gold nanoparticles from water to toluene
Authors: Soliwoda Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Emilia , Tkacz-Szczesna Beata , Rosowski Marcin , Celichowski Grzegorz , Grobelny Jaroslaw 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper describes the influence of the chain length and the functional group steric accessibility of thiols modifiers on the phase transfer process efficiency of water synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to toluene. The following thiols were tested: 1-decanethiol, 1,1-dimethyldecanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol, 1-tetradecanethiol and 1-oktadecanethiol. Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized in water were precisely characterized before the phase transfer process using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The optical properties of AuNPs before and after the phase transfer were studied by the UV-Vis spectroscopy. Additionally, the particle size and size distribution before and after the phase transfer of nanoparticles were investigated using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). It turned out that the modification of NPs surface was not effective in the case of 1,1-dimethyldecanethiol, probably because of the difficult steric accessibility of the thiol functional group to NPs surface. Consequently, the effective phase transfer of AuNPs from water to toluene did not occur. In toluene the most stable were nanoparticles modified with 1-decanethiol, 1-dodecanethiol and 1-tetradecanethiol.
Natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of toluene sulfonic acid isomers
Authors: Jarrahian Azad , Heidaryan Ehsan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural gas hydrate promotion capabilities of the hydrotrope Toluene Sulfonic Acid (TSA) isomers as an additive. The capabilities of TSA isomers were measured with different concentrations. The optimum additive concentration for hydrate formation was determined for the given pressure, temperature, mixing condition, and cooling time. The natural gas hydrate promotability of para-TSA was found to be 20% and 35% more than meta-TSA and ortho-TSA respectively at the optimum concentration. Beyond the optimum TSA concentration, the hydrate formation declined as the ice formation reduced the overall gas-to-water volume ratio in the hydrates
Degradation of polylactide using basic ionic liquid imidazolium acetates
Authors: Li Xiao-Yang , Zhou Qian , Yang Ke-Ke , Wang Yu-Zhong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImidazolium acetate ionic liquids show high efficiency in the degradation of polylactides (PLA): degradation degree of PLA can reach almost 100 % in imidazolium acetate ionic liquids at 170°C and 1 h under atmospheric pressure, while the degradation degree of PLA remains close to 0 % using neutral 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) and acidic ionic liquids at the same reaction conditions. With the increase of both the amount of acetate ionic liquid and the reaction temperature, the degradation degree of PLA increases. The structure of ionic liquids affects the degradation behavior of PLA: for cations, the proton from the C-2 position on the imidazolium ring is involved in the degradation of PLA; the degradation of PLA increases with the increase of the alkyl side-chain length of imidazolium cations; for anions, moderate basicity of the acetate ion contributes to the high activity of the imidazolium acetate ionic liquids in the degradation of PLA.
Structured catalysts for methanol-to-olefins conversion: a review
Authors: Lefevere Jasper , Mullens Steven , Meynen Vera , Noyen Jasper 
Published: March 2014

AbstractConversion of methanol to light olefins is a promising alternative for the conversion of new feed-stocks such as gas, coal or biomass to ethylene and propylene via the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process. During the last decade, the use of structured catalysts in this reaction has received increasing attention. The effect of such structured catalysts on the stability and selectivity is discussed in this review. The reaction and coking mechanism show the importance of good mass transfer properties of the catalyst in the MTO reaction. Important aspects such as thickness of the coating, crystal size of the zeolite and architecture of the support on the mass transfer properties of the final catalyst are highlighted. An overview of the results of structured catalysts used in the MTO reaction is presented.
Abstinence, ennui et dépendance
Authors: Blanc Valérie , Gaudriault Pierre 
Published: March 2014

Les auteurs évoquent la question de l’abstinence chez des patients alcoolo-dépendants en insistant sur l’apparition d’un sentiment d’ennui qui peut affecter autant les thérapeutes que les patients eux-mêmes. D’où vient cet ennui ? De la privation d’alcool ou d’une expérience plus ancienne en rapport avec des souffrances primitives ? Deux vignettes cliniques illustrent ce questionnement.
Use of Long-Term Opportunistic Surveys to Estimate Trends in Abundance of Hibernating Townsend's Big-Eared Bats
Authors: Weller Theodore J. , Thomas Shawn C. , Baldwin James A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The advent of broad-scale threats to bats such as white-nose syndrome and climate change highlights the need for reliable baseline assessment of their populations. However, few long-term, rigorously designed assessments of bat populations exist, particularly in western North America. Consequently, results of informal monitoring efforts are often the only data available upon which to base population assessments. We evaluated whether an opportunistic collection of surveys recorded over a 22-y period could be used to assess population trend of Townsend's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii) at Lava Beds National Monument in northern California. We used records of counts of hibernating bats conducted during 1991–2012 to estimate the number of bats in 52 individual caves as well as cumulatively. Seventeen of 22 caves surveyed in four or more years had an increasing trend in the number of hibernating bats. We estimated the cumulative annual growth rate over the period to be 1.79%. Stable or increasing number of hibernating Townsend's big-eared bats may be a result of management actions taken to limit disturbance of bats during maternity and hibernation seasons. We found no evidence that annual counts depressed the number of hibernating bats, thereby broadening monitoring options and the ability to link population trends to extrinsic factors. Our results demonstrate that opportunistically collected, long-term data sets may be useful for establishing first approximations of population trends for bats.
La maritimité sous les Tropiques : les contributions d’une étude réalisée à Fortaleza (Ceará)
Authors: Dantas Eustogio Wanderley Correia 
Published: March 2014

À la fin du xxe siècle tout ce qui touche à la mer est devenu un véritable phénomène de société. Les images de la mer et du maritime, véhiculées dans les pays développés, associées à de changements socio-économique et technologique, suscitent la génération d’un flux qui met en évidence les espaces littoraux des pays en voie de développement. Ce genre de valorisation, fréquemment perçue d’après la notion de tropisme, apparait dans une bibliographie fort marquée par une maritimité dichotomique. D’un côté, une maritimité externe ou moderne, concernant les occidentaux. De l’autre, une maritimité interne ou traditionnelle, concernant les populations tropicales. La prise en compte de la valorisation des espaces littoraux à Fortaleza (Ceará) permet relativiser cette approche. Dans cette ville littorale, une élite locale fascinée par les nouvelles pratiques maritimes produit les mêmes territoires et entretient les mêmes désirs qu’en Occident. Principalement dans les pays peu touchés par les flux touristiques internationaux, ce phénomène de société suscite un mouvement de caractère culturel nfluencé par les mœurs occidentales, et l’on assiste à un changement de mentalité des groupes locaux face à la mer.
Periodontal Pathogens Directly Promote Autoimmune Experimental Arthritis by Inducing a TLR2- and IL-1–Driven Th17 Response
Authors: de Aquino Sabrina G. , Abdollahi-Roodsaz Shahla , Koenders Marije I. , van de Loo Fons A. J. , Pruijn Ger J. M. , Marijnissen Renoud J. , Walgreen Birgitte , Helsen Monique M. , van den Bersselaar Liduine A. , de Molon Rafael S. , Campos Mario J. Avila , Cunha Fernando Q. , Cirelli Joni A. , van den Berg Wim B. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Increasing epidemiologic evidence supports a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The actual involvement of periodontitis in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the underlying mechanisms remain, however, poorly understood. We investigated the influence of concomitant periodontitis on clinical and histopathologic characteristics of T cell–mediated experimental arthritis and evaluated modulation of type II collagen (CII)–reactive Th cell phenotype as a potential mechanism. Repeated oral inoculations of periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella nigrescens induced periodontitis in mice, as evidenced by alveolar bone resorption. Interestingly, concurrent periodontitis induced by both bacteria significantly aggravated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Exacerbation of arthritis was characterized by increased arthritic bone erosion, whereas cartilage damage remained unaffected. Both P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens skewed the CII-specific T cell response in lymph nodes draining arthritic joints toward the Th17 phenotype without affecting Th1. Importantly, the levels of IL-17 induced by periodontal pathogens in CII-specific T cells directly correlated with the intensity of arthritic bone erosion, suggesting relevance in pathology. Furthermore, IL-17 production was significantly correlated with periodontal disease–induced IL-6 in lymph node cell cultures. The effects of the two bacteria diverged in that P. nigrescens, in contrast to P. gingivalis, suppressed the joint-protective type 2 cytokines, including IL-4. Further in vitro studies showed that the Th17 induction strongly depended on TLR2 expression on APCs and was highly promoted by IL-1. Our data provide evidence of the involvement of periodontitis in the pathogenesis of T cell–driven arthritis through induction of Ag-specific Th17 response.
Contrasted Innate Responses to Two Viruses in Zebrafish: Insights into the Ancestral Repertoire of Vertebrate IFN-Stimulated Genes
Authors: Briolat Valérie , Jouneau Luc , Carvalho Ralph , Palha Nuno , Langevin Christelle , Herbomel Philippe , Schwartz Olivier , Spaink Herman P. , Levraud Jean-Pierre , Boudinot Pierre 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Ease of imaging and abundance of genetic tools make the zebrafish an attractive model host to understand host–pathogen interactions. However, basic knowledge regarding the identity of genes involved in antiviral immune responses is still lagging in this species. We conducted a microarray analysis of the larval zebrafish response to two models of RNA virus infections with very different outcomes. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) induces a rapid and protective IFN response. Infection with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus is lethal and is associated with a delayed and inefficient IFN response. A typical signature of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was observed with both viruses, but was stronger for CHIKV. We further compared the zebrafish and human ISG repertoires and made a genomic and phylogenic characterization of the main gene families. We describe a core set of well-induced ISGs conserved across vertebrates, as well as multigenic families diversified independently in each taxon. The conservation of ISGs involved in antiviral signaling indicates conservation of the main feedback loops in these pathways. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of selected transcripts in infected larvae revealed a typical pattern of expression for ISGs in the liver, gut, and blood vessels with both viruses. We further show that some inflammatory genes were additionally induced through IFN-independent pathways by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and not by CHIKV. This study provides a useful reference set for the analysis of host–virus interactions in zebrafish and highlights the differences between protective and nonprotective antiviral innate responses.
HLA-DRα1 Constructs Block CD74 Expression and MIF Effects in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Meza-Romero Roberto , Benedek Gil , Yu Xiaolin , Mooney Jeffery L. , Dahan Rony , Duvshani Nerri , Bucala Richard , Offner Halina , Reiter Yoram , Burrows Gregory G. , Vandenbark Arthur A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
CD74, the cell-surface form of the MHC class II invariant chain, is a key inflammatory factor that is involved in various immune-mediated diseases as part of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) binding complex. However, little is known about the natural regulators of CD74 in this context. In order to study the role of the HLA-DR molecule in regulating CD74, we used the HLA-DRα1 domain, which was shown to bind to and downregulate CD74 on CD11b+ monocytes. We found that DRα1 directly inhibited binding of MIF to CD74 and blocked its downstream inflammatory effects in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Potency of the DRα1 domain could be destroyed by trypsin digestion but enhanced by addition of a peptide extension (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG]-35–55 peptide) that provided secondary structure not present in DRα1. These data suggest a conformationally sensitive determinant on DRα1-MOG that is responsible for optimal binding to CD74 and antagonism of MIF effects, resulting in reduced axonal damage and reversal of ongoing clinical and histological signs of EAE. These results demonstrate natural antagonist activity of DRα1 for MIF that was strongly potentiated by the MOG peptide extension, resulting in a novel therapeutic, DRα1–MOG-35–55, that within the limitations of the EAE model may have the potential to treat autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Cell Depletion in Mice That Express Diphtheria Toxin Receptor under the Control of SiglecH Encompasses More Than Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Swiecki Melissa , Wang Yaming , Riboldi Elena , Kim Alfred H. J. , Dzutsev Amiran , Gilfillan Susan , Vermi William , Ruedl Christiane , Trinchieri Giorgio , Colonna Marco 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produce IFN-I in response to viruses and are routinely identified in mice by SiglecH expression. SiglecH is a sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin that has an immunomodulatory role during viral infections. In this study, we evaluated the impact of SiglecH deficiency on cytokine responses in the presence and absence of pDC. We found that lack of SiglecH enhanced IFN-I responses to viral infection, regardless of whether pDC were depleted. We also examined the expression pattern of SiglecH and observed that it was expressed by specialized macrophages and progenitors of classical dendritic cells and pDC. Accordingly, marginal zone macrophages and pDC precursors were eliminated in newly generated SiglecH–diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)–transgenic (Tg) mice but not in CLEC4C-DTR–Tg mice after diphtheria toxin (DT) treatment. Using two bacterial models, we found that SiglecH-DTR–Tg mice injected with DT had altered bacterial uptake and were more susceptible to lethal Listeria monocytogenes infection than were DT-treated CLEC4C-DTR–Tg mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that lack of SiglecH may affect cytokine responses by cell types other than pDC during viral infections, perhaps by altering viral distribution or burden, and that cell depletion in SiglecH-DTR–Tg mice encompasses more than pDC.
TCR Bias and Affinity Define Two Compartments of the CD1b–Glycolipid-Specific T Cell Repertoire
Authors: Van Rhijn Ildiko , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Kasmar Anne , de Jager Wilco , Pellicci Daniel G. , Kostenko Lyudmila , Tan Li Lynn , Bhati Mugdha , Gras Stephanie , Godfrey Dale I. , Rossjohn Jamie , Moody D. Branch 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Current views emphasize TCR diversity as a key feature that differentiates the group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c) and group 2 (CD1d) CD1 systems. Whereas TCR sequence motifs define CD1d-reactive NKT cells, the available data do not allow a TCR-based organization of the group 1 CD1 repertoire. The observed TCR diversity might result from donor-to-donor differences in TCR repertoire, as seen for MHC-restricted T cells. Alternatively, diversity might result from differing CD1 isoforms, Ags, and methods used to identify TCRs. Using CD1b tetramers to isolate clones recognizing the same glycolipid, we identified a previously unknown pattern of V gene usage (TRAV17, TRBV4-1) among unrelated human subjects. These TCRs are distinct from those present on NKT cells and germline-encoded mycolyl lipid–reactive T cells. Instead, they resemble the TCR of LDN5, one of the first known CD1b-reactive clones that was previously thought to illustrate the diversity of the TCR repertoire. Interdonor TCR conservation was observed in vitro and ex vivo, identifying LDN5-like T cells as a distinct T cell type. These data support TCR-based organization of the CD1b repertoire, which consists of at least two compartments that differ in TCR sequence motifs, affinity, and coreceptor expression.
“The Confidence Placed in You Is of the Greatest Magnitude”:
Authors: Hoberman Michael 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
This essay examines letters from eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Jewish American fathers to their sons for insight into a nascent Jewish American literary patrimony. Father-son letters, whose subject matter clustered around four basic themes—family, business, civic affairs, and Jewish life—enable extended consideration of how the men of one generation sought, through a range of highly stylized and mostly derivative rhetorical performances, to influence their successors against the backdrop of historical change and adaptation to the changing conditions of North American life in the aftermath of the Revolutionary War. Notwithstanding their occasional use or invocation of a Hebrew word or phrase, these letters spoke in the language of and bore witness to the Anglo-American milieu from which they emerged. In other words, I don't claim them as direct markers of Jewish “difference.” Nonetheless, the eagerness with which these letters relayed the writers' strong wishes for their sons' moral development as autonomous individuals and, at the same time, imparted firm guidance for their pursuit of familial business interests prefigures a pattern that will be familiar to readers of twentieth-century Jewish American texts. The letters offer insight into how Jewish men in the early American republic attempted to uphold familial and communal interests while negotiating the larger culture's embrace of an individualistic ethos.
The First Reform Liturgy:
Authors: Wolosky Shira 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Penina Moise, when discussed at all, has been placed in the context of a nineteenth-century women's domestic sphere. Her main body of work, however, is in fact specifically public and was vital and central to the development of the first Reform Jewish movement in America, in Charleston during the 1840s. Moise wrote close to two hundred hymns for this movement, the first Reform liturgy in America, shaping community worship for the next hundred years. Her hymns combine many different contemporary discourses—Jewish, republican, evangelical, and liberal theological—in ways that reflect, enact, and generate the complex identities of Jewish Americans.
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Owings Richard A. , Quick Charles M. 
Published: March 2014

Context.—Developed in conjunction with molecular and progression data, the sequence classification schema for endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN)/benign hyperplasia (BH) provides an easy to adopt and reproducible method for classification of endometrial biopsies.Objective.—To review current data supporting the use of BH/EIN to classify endometrial biopsies, and to discuss the hormone-driven endometrial sequence from anovulation/disordered proliferative endometrium through BH and EIN and their diagnostic difficulty.Data Sources.—A comprehensive review of EIN literature based on literature indexed by PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar.Conclusions.—The BH/EIN schema is gaining wider acceptance among pathologist and clinicians. The research leading to the EIN criteria is based on molecular and progression data. The BH/EIN schema has better reproducibility among pathologists, is intuitively easy to use, and requires understanding of endometrial physiology and neoplasia.
Progress Toward Improved Leadership and Management Training in Pathology
Authors: Weiss Ronald L. , Hassell Lewis A. , Parks Eric R. 
Published: March 2014

Context.—Competency gaps in leadership and laboratory management skills continue to exist between what training programs deliver and what recent graduates and future employers expect. A number of recent surveys substantiate this. Interest in delivering content in these areas is challenged by time constraints, the presence of knowledgeable faculty role models, and the necessary importance placed on diagnostic skills development, which overshadows any priority trainees have toward developing these skills.Objective.—To describe the problem, the near-future horizon, the current solutions, and the recommendations for improving resident training in laboratory management.Data Sources.—The demands of new health care delivery models and the value being placed on these skills by the Pathology Milestones and Next Accreditation System initiative of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education for training programs emphasizes their importance. This initiative includes 6 milestone competencies in laboratory management. Organizations like the American Society for Clinical Pathology, the American Pathology Foundation, the College of American Pathologists, and the Association of Pathology Chairs Program Directors Section recognize these competencies and are working to create new tools for training programs to deploy.Conclusions.—It is our recommendation that (1) every training program develop a formal educational strategy for management training, (2) greater opportunity and visibility be afforded for peer-reviewed publications on management topics in mainstream pathology literature, and (3) pathology milestones–oriented tools be developed to assist program directors and their trainees in developing this necessary knowledge and skills.