bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 kinase is protective in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Kaniaris Evangelos , Vaporidi Katerina , Vergadi Eleni , Theodorakis Emmanuel E , Kondili Eumorfia , Lagoudaki Eleni , Tsatsanis Christos , Georgopoulos Dimitris 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Mechanical stress induced by injurious ventilation leads to pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lung injury. The extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase, ERK1/2, participates in the signaling pathways activated upon mechanical stress in the lungs to promote the inflammatory response. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a MAP3kinase that activates ERK1/2 upon cytokine or TLR signaling, to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The role of Tpl2 in lung inflammation, and specifically in the one caused by mechanical stress has not been investigated. The aim of the study was to examine if genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 could ameliorate ventilator-induced lung injury.

Methods
Adult male wild-type and Tpl2-deficient mice were ventilated with normal or high tidal volume for 4 h. Additional wild-type mice were treated with a Tpl2 inhibitor either before or 30 min after initiation of high tidal ventilation. Non-ventilated mice of both genotypes served as controls. The development of lung injury was evaluated by measuring lung mechanics, arterial blood gases, concentrations of proteins, IL-6, and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and by lung histology. Data were compared by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test and significance was defined as p < 0.05.

Results
Mechanical ventilation with normal tidal volume induced a mild increase of IL-6 in BALF in both strains. High tidal volume ventilation induced lung injury in wild-type mice, characterized by decreased lung compliance, increased concentrations of proteins, IL-6 and MIP-2 in BALF, and inflammatory cell infiltration on histology. All indices of lung injury were ameliorated in Tpl2-deficient mice. Wild-type mice treated with the Tpl2 inhibitor, either prior of after the initiation of high tidal volume ventilation were protected from the development of lung injury, as indicated by preserved lung compliance and lower BALF concentrations of proteins and IL-6, than similarly ventilated, untreated wild-type mice.

Conclusions
Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Tpl2 is protective in a mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury, ameliorating both high-permeability pulmonary edema and lung inflammation.
Polarity gene alterations in pure invasive micropapillary carcinomas of the breast
Authors: Gruel Nadège , Benhamo Vanessa , Bhalshankar Jaydutt , Popova Tatiana , Fréneaux Paul , Arnould Laurent , Mariani Odette , Stern Marc-Henri , Raynal Virginie , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Rouzier Roman , Delattre Olivier , Vincent-Salomon Anne 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Pure invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a special type of breast carcinoma characterised by clusters of cells presenting polarity abnormalities. The biological alterations underlying this pattern remain unknown.

Methods
Pangenomic analysis (n = 39), TP53 (n = 43) and PIK3CA (n = 41) sequencing in a series of IMPCs were performed. A subset of cases was also analysed with whole-exome sequencing (n = 4) and RNA sequencing (n = 6). Copy number variation profiles were compared with those of oestrogen receptors and grade-matched invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of no special type.

Results
Unsupervised analysis of genomic data distinguished two IMPC subsets: one (Sawtooth/8/16) exhibited a significant increase in 16p gains (71%), and the other (Firestorm/Amplifier) was characterised by a high frequency of 8q (35%), 17q (20% to 46%) and 20q (23% to 30%) amplifications and 17p loss (74%). TP53 mutations (10%) were more frequently identified in the amplifier subset, and PIK3CA mutations (4%) were detected in both subsets. Compared to IDC, IMPC exhibited specific loss of the 6q16-q22 region (45%), which is associated with downregulation of FOXO3 and SEC63 gene expression. SEC63 and FOXO3 missense mutations were identified in one case each (2%). Whole-exome sequencing combined with RNA sequencing of IMPC allowed us to identify somatic mutations in genes involved in polarity, DNAH9 and FMN2 (8% and 2%, respectively) or ciliogenesis, BBS12 and BBS9 (2% each) or genes coding for endoplasmic reticulum protein, HSP90B1 and SPTLC3 (2% each) and cytoskeleton, UBR4 and PTPN21 (2% each), regardless of the genomic subset. The intracellular biological function of the mutated genes identified by gene ontology analysis suggests a driving role in the clinicopathological characteristics of IMPC.

Conclusion
In our comprehensive molecular analysis of IMPC, we identified numerous genomic alterations without any recurrent fusion genes. Recurrent somatic mutations of genes participating in cellular polarity and shape suggest that they, together with other biological alterations (such as epigenetic modifications and stromal alterations), could contribute to the morphological pattern of IMPC. Though none of the individual abnormalities demonstrated specificity for IMPC, whether their combination in IMPC may have a cumulative effect that drives the abnormal polarity of IMPC needs to be examined further with in vitro experiments.
The Whitewash Committee of 1914: The Knights of Columbus, Freemasonry and anti-Catholicism in California
Authors: Kendall Adam G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This essay explores and contextualizes the rising anti-Catholic sentiment during the 1910s found within American fraternal societies, particularly Freemasonry, in addition to its condemnation by the Catholic Church. The study is illustrated by the public controversy involving the so-called Masonic Whitewash Committee of 1914–15, which included prominent grand officers of the California Grand Lodge (some of whom were later involved in the 1921 California Ku Klux Klan controversy) that investigated an alleged oath of the Knights of Columbus entered into the 1913 United States Congressional Record. The oath was determined by this unofficial committee to be fallacious (as had countless others, including Congress), and its conclusion set off a nationwide controversy within the fraternal and public press as a defense for what was believed to be Catholic infiltration of institutions at all levels of American society. The California Grand Lodge joined in the condemnation, claiming the committee’s use of Masonic titles gave the false impression that it was officially sanctioned by the governing body. To make matters worse for the committee, their report was also admitted into the 1915 Congressional Record by Congressman William Kettner, the then Grand Marshal for the Grand Lodge.
Allegations of favoring Catholic political candidates, along with the ‘whitewashing’ of the committee’s actions via fraternal politicking and character assassination were played out in the era’s infamous anti-Catholic newspapers. The essay seeks to demonstrate that this little-known conflict is in fact one of many footnotes that characterized anti-Catholic nativism and hyper-patriotism during the 1910s, as well as highlighting the Catholic defense of their own contribution to the American way of life. This paper also illustrates the distinct and important role fraternal organizations and their members played as arbiters and, sometimes, challengers of social trends.
Attention must be paid: Andy Warhol, John Cage and Gertrude Stein
Authors: Powers Edward D. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This essay traces the impact of Gertrude Stein’s signature strategies of repetition with a difference and of divided, yet mutually reinforcing, attention, which she called ‘insistence’ and ‘genius’, respectively, on Pop artist Andy Warhol and, among his colleagues into the early 1960s, on avant-garde composer John Cage, most notably. By challenging the conventional ascription of the artist’s affective or psychological depth to the artwork’s surface, Stein’s twin concepts of insistence and genius resisted not merely what cultural critics typically nutshell as the ‘depth model’ but even its heteronormativity and its corollary interpretation of queerness as a symptom. For both Stein and Warhol, moreover, at the root of this pair of techniques was the impact of automatism, which Stein only experimented with while in college, yet Warhol actually practiced from the advent of his Pop art in 1961. By focusing on how Warhol’s reproductive techniques embodied Stein’s view of automatism as a gestural practice – one that is neither reducible to writing nor, otherwise, a significant vehicle for linguistic meaning – I aim to inscribe what is routinely dismissed as Warhol’s accidental formalism within a discourse not of artistic indifference but, to the contrary, of queer resistance.
On Sampled Time and Intermedial Space: Postproduction, Video Installation and Christian Marclay’s The Clock
Authors: Bouman Margot 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Like other postproduction work by contemporary artists and purveyors of popular culture, the videos of artist, musician and composer Christian Marclay use accumulations of cultural data extracted from thousands of films (and television shows) as raw material for the diegesis. What sets Marclay’s installation The Clock (2010) apart from other installations and films in this category is the interrelationship established between its postproduction aesthetic and its specific display conditions. By matching on-screen time with actual time in a carefully designed exhibition context, The Clock simultaneously reifies the psychosomatic transformation of the moviegoer identified by Roland Barthes and dismantles the hermetic nature of the cinematic apparatus. In so doing, Marclay mobilizes latent aspects of video installation to produce new phenomenological experiences and reorganize the relationship between aesthetics and everyday life.
Cosmic Alreadymades: Exhibiting Indifference at dOCUMENTA (13)
Authors: Weir Andy 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Departing from the proposal by curator Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev to ‘see from the point of view of the meteorite’ at dOCUMENTA (13), this article analyzes the exhibition’s claim to non-anthropocentric knowledge production through the paradoxical staging of a form that re-prioritizes human experience. It focuses on two works: Pierre Huyghe’s Untilled (2012), which coalesces an affect of indifference to the centrality of human experience; and Guillermo Faivovich and Nicolas Goldberg’s El Chaco (2012), which sets inexperiencable timescales under contemporary exhibition conditions. Both works open political questions through complicity with material processes. At the same time, they point to potentials and limitations for the methodology of the ‘alreadymade’, understood here in terms of the staging of non-human timescales for human participants, and the making affordable of systemic threat.
Effect of Domestication on the Spread of the [PIN+] Prion inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kelly Amy C , Busby Ben , Wickner Reed B 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrions (infectious proteins) cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many toxic and lethal variants of the [PSI+] and [URE3] prions have been identified in laboratory strains, although some commonly studied variants do not seem to impair cell growth. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed four major clades of S. cerevisiae that share histories of two prion proteins and largely correspond to different ecological niches of yeast. The [PIN+] prion was most prevalent in commercialized niches, infrequent among wine/vineyard strains, and not observed in ancestral isolates. As previously reported, the [PSI+] and [URE3] prions are not found in any of these strains. Patterns of heterozygosity revealed genetic mosaicism and indicated extensive outcrossing among divergent strains in commercialized environments. In contrast, ancestral isolates were all homozygous and wine/vineyard strains were closely related to each other and largely homozygous. Cellular growth patterns were highly variable within and among clades, although ancestral isolates were the most efficient sporulators and domesticated strains showed greater tendencies for flocculation. [PIN+]-infected strains had a significantly higher likelihood of polyploidy, showed a higher propensity for flocculation compared to uninfected strains, and had higher sporulation efficiencies compared to domesticated, uninfected strains. Extensive phenotypic variability among strains from different environments suggests that S. cerevisiae is a niche generalist and that most wild strains are able to switch from asexual to sexual and from unicellular to multicellular growth in response to environmental conditions. Our data suggest that outbreeding and multicellular growth patterns adapted for domesticated environments are ecological risk factors for the [PIN+] prion in wild yeast.
CBCT – Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Kailash Sahithya 
Published: May 2014

Dental X- Rays are important for diagnosing and treating patients by helping to detect oral health issues when they can’t be detected by visual or physical examination alone. Dental X-Ray take a much closer look and provide valuable information in the area of interest. Though 2 Dimensional X-Ray and Panoramic radiography can predict diagnosis in number of clinical cases, certain situations demand multiplanar imaging, one such technology is CBCT.
CBCT is a specialised 3Dimensional Craniofacial imaging in which 3 Dimensional reconstruction is possible. The final reconstructed image produced, reveals multilayer images in 3 orthogonal planes (coronal, sagittal and transverse)
This article focuses on CBCT and its applications in various fields of dentistry.
Carboniferous magmatism related to progressive pull-apart opening in the western French Massif Central
Authors: Rolin Patrick , Marquer Didier , Cartannaz Charles , Rossi Philippe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Variscan continental collision induced the development of large crustal melting in the western French Massif Central, accompanied by emplacement and deformation of syn- to post-tectonic granites spatially related to normal and strike slip faulting. Our study focuses on the regional deformation and shear zone patterns in the Millevaches massif, one of the largest magmatic area of the French Massif Central. In this massif, the syn-tectonic intrusions are related i) to the dextral wrenching along the Treignac-Pradines shear zones and the Creuse faults system, and ii) to the coeval extension along the N000°–N020° normal faults on the western edge of the Millevaches massif (Bourganeuf and Argentat faults). The analysis of deformation and kinematics correlated to new datations of granites allow us to propose a pull-apart model to explain the tectono-magmatic evolution of this part of the Variscan belt from 350 Ma to 325 Ma. At that time, these granites intruded a “pull-apart” system bounded by two major N140°–160° dextral strike-slip zones operating in the middle continental crust during a bulk N020° regional shortening.From 325 Ma to 320 Ma, a clockwise rotation of the regional shortening axis was responsible for the late reactivation of the N020° eastern Millevaches tectonic border as a dextral fault system (Felletin-Ambrugeat fault system). This NE-SW shortening displaced the N140°–160° Creuse fault system and induced a reverse motion along the northern border of the Millevaches massif (St-Michel-de-Veisse fault). This Visean tectono-magmatic event induced the late exhumation of the Millevaches massif with respect to surrounding units and favoured the widespread granite emplacement in this part of the Variscan belt.
Risk Factors for DVT/PE in Patients with Stroke and Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Stecker Mark , Michel Kathleen , Antaky Karin , Cherian Sarah , Koyfman Feliks 
Published: May 2014

Objective:
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) are serious problems for patients admitted to the hospital with stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and transient ischemic attack (TIA). The purpose of this paper is to further understand the factors that place certain patients at increased risk of DVT/PE.

Methods:
At a 600 bed hospital, a retrospective analysis of data from 2613 patients admitted with a diagnosis of stroke, SAH, ICH or TIA in the time range 1/2008 through 3/2012 was carried out. The data was taken from the hospital’s Get with the Guidelines database and included 28 variables. These included initial NIH stroke scale, length of stay, heart failure, ambulatory by day 2 after admission, altered mental status,and renal failure among others. Multiple analyses were carried out to determine whether there were univariable or multivariable effects of any of the factors on the risk for DVT/PE.

Results:
The risk of DVT/PE was highest in patients with SAH and ICH and smallest with TIA. Multivariable analyses were performed and revealed only altered level of consciousness or heart failure as significant risks for DVT/PE. With the limited available data, administration of subcutaneous heparin or other chemoprophylaxis did not reduce the risk of DVT/PE.

Conclusion:
Although many of the variables used to describe the stroke patient are correlated, in multivariable analyses only heart failure and altered level of consciousness were important risk factors for DVT/PE. The risk of DVT/PE was 7 fold greater in patients in patients with both of these risk factors.
HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA-I Predict Long-Term Progression of Glycemia in Established Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Waldman Boris , Jenkins Alicia J. , Davis Timothy M.E. , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Scott Russell , O’Connell Rachel L. , Gebski Val J. , Ng Martin K.C. , Keech Anthony C. 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and small HDL particle size may directly promote hyperglycemia. We evaluated associations of HDL-C, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and HDL-C/apoA-I with insulin secretion, insulin resistance, HbA1c, and long-term glycemic deterioration, reflected by initiation of pharmacologic glucose control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The 5-year Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study followed 9,795 type 2 diabetic subjects. We calculated baseline associations of fasting HDL-C, apoA-I, and HDL-C/apoA-I with HbA1c and, in those not taking exogenous insulin (n = 8,271), with estimated β-cell function (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function [HOMA-B]) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Among the 2,608 subjects prescribed lifestyle only, Cox proportional hazards analysis evaluated associations of HDL-C, apoA-I, and HDL-C/apoA-I with subsequent initiation of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) or insulin.

RESULTS
Adjusted for age and sex, baseline HDL-C, apoA-I, and HDL-C/apoA-I were inversely associated with HOMA-IR (r = −0.233, −0.134, and −0.230; all P &lt; 0.001; n = 8,271) but not related to HbA1c (all P &gt; 0.05; n = 9,795). ApoA-I was also inversely associated with HOMA-B (r = −0.063; P = 0.002; n = 8,271) adjusted for age, sex, and HOMA-IR. Prospectively, lower baseline HDL-C and HDL-C/apoA-I levels predicted greater uptake (per 1-SD lower: hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [CI 1.07–1.19], P &lt; 0.001; and HR 1.16 [CI 1.10–1.23], P &lt; 0.001, respectively) and earlier uptake (median 12.9 and 24.0 months, respectively, for quartile 1 vs. quartile 4; both P &lt; 0.01) of OHAs and insulin, with no difference in HbA1c thresholds for initiation (P = 0.87 and P = 0.81). Controlling for HOMA-IR and triglycerides lessened both associations, but HDL-C/apoA-I remained significant.

CONCLUSIONS
HDL-C, apoA-I, and HDL-C/apoA-I were associated with concurrent insulin resistance but not HbA1c. However, lower HDL-C and HDL-C/apoA-I predicted greater and earlier need for pharmacologic glucose control.
Effects of Heat Treating Silane and Different Etching Techniques on Glass Fiber Post Push-out Bond Strength
Authors: Samimi P , Mortazavi V , Salamat F 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARY
The aims of this study were to compare two pretreatment methods of a fiber post and to evaluate the effect of heat treatment to applied silane on the push-out bond strength for different levels of root. In this in vitro study, 40 glass fiber posts were divided into five groups (n=8) according to the kind of surface treatment applied. They were then inserted into extracted and endodontically treated human canines using a self-etch resin cement (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray, Japan). Group HF+S = hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and silane (S) application; group HF+S+WP = HF etching and heat-treated silane application and warmed posts (WP); group H2O2+S = hydrogen peroxide etching and silane application; group H2O2+S+WP = hydrogen peroxide and heat-treated-silane application and warmed post; and group C, the control group, received no pretreatment. After completion of thermal cycling (1000 cycles, 5-55°C), all specimens were cut horizontally to obtain three sections. Each section was subjected to a push-out test, and the test results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test, and a paired sample t-test (α=0.05). It was found that bond strength was not statistically influenced by the kind of etching material used (p=0.224), but was significantly affected by heat treatment of applied silane (p&lt;0.001). The interaction between these two factors was not statistically significant (p=0.142). Group HF+S+WP showed the highest bond strength (12.56±1.73 MPa) (p&lt;0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the effect of the different treatments on the surface characteristics of posts. In the four pretreated groups, the bond strength decreased significantly from the coronal to the apical root canal sections (p≤0.05). The results of this study show that the use of heat-treated silane significantly enhances the push-out bond strength of the fiber posts to root. HF acid etching with heat-treated silane application led to the highest bond strength.