bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotechnological Potential of Antigens of Plague, Cholera, Tularemia and Anthrax Pathogens, Obtained at the Russian Research Institute “Microbe”
Authors: Kireev M. N. , Gromova O. V. , Borisova S. V. , Vorob’eva S. A. , Vol’nikov V. R. , Salikhov R. R. , Volokh O. A. 
Published: July 2024

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor develops and implements methods for obtaining and purifying biologically active substances of the causative agents of plague, cholera, tularemia and anthrax, which are used in the design of preventive and diagnostic preparations.The aim of the review is to summarize and systematize the accumulated data on the isolation, purification and assessment of antigens and toxins of plague, cholera, tularemia and anthrax pathogens. Attention is also paid to the application and prospects for using the obtained antigens for the design of medical immunobiological preparations (MIBPs). The Institute “Microbe” is a reference center for plague, hence modern immunodiagnostic drugs are necessary and in demand. Antigen-level preventive drugs against the infections listed above are also the subject of study by the institute’s staff. The main stages of isolation, purification and analysis of antigens include the selection or construction of a suitable strain; cultivation, extraction, concentration and purification of antigens and toxins using biotechnological techniques that allow for obtaining and preserving the biologically active substance of interest to the researcher. To study the antigenic activity of purified antigens, laboratory animals are involved, the immune response is recorded and analyzed, and antiserum is obtained. This is followed by the stage of investigating the physicochemical and immunobiological properties of the isolated antigen preparations and drawing up an antigen profile. The characterized antigens are used for the design of preventive and diagnostic drugs.
Species Diversity of Ixodidae Tick-Borne Borrelioses Agents in <I>Ixodes persulcatus</I> Ticks in the Territory of the Khabarovsk Region
Authors: Belkina N. V. , Dragomeretskaya A. G. , Trotsenko O. E. , Ausheva T. A. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the work was to determine the species diversity of the causative agents of Ixodidae tick-borne borrelioses in Ixodes persulcatus ticks in the Khabarovsk Territory.Materials and methods. During the epidemic season (April–October) 2017–2023, 4751 specimens of I. persulcatus Schulze, 1930, removed after attachment to humans and 418 ones collected from vegetation in the Khabarovsk Region, were studied. Ixodidae ticks were collected in the green areas of Khabarovsk city during the snowless season of 2021–2023, as well as in the territory of the Khabarovsk Region on the flag. DNA of the borrelia complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and B. miyamotoi was detected in ticks using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differentiation of borrelia species in samples containing genetic material of B. burgdorferi s.l. was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the presence of DNA from borrelia of the B. garinii s.l. group (B. garinii + B. bavariensis) and B. afzelii DNA was determined in the sample. At the second stage, positive samples of B. garinii s.l. were differentiated into B. garinii sensu stricto (s.s.) and B. bavariensis. Results and discussion. In engorged ticks, genetic material of B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 45.7 % of the cases, DNA of B. miyamotoi was identified in 7.2 % of samples. In ticks collected from vegetation, the DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in 38.0 % of cases. Upon further study, the genetic material of B. afzelii and borrelia of the B. garinii s.l. group was identified in 47.2 % of cases for both pathogens. Within the group B. garinii s.l., DNA of B. bavariensis was detected in 18.6 %, B. garinii s.s. – in 8 % of samples, at the same time, mixed infection was noted in 53.3 % of cases. The infection rate with B. afzelii in I. persulcatus ticks turned out to be statistically significantly higher than that for B. garinii s.s. and B. bavariensis, thereat statistically significant differences in tick infection rates with B. garinii s.s. and B. bavariensis was not detected.
Dinamika Makna Qawwām: Analisis Mufasir Perempuan terhadap Surah An-Nisā: 34
Authors: Adyatama Muhammad Fajar , Saleh Sujiat Zubaidi , Nofriyanto Nofriyanto , Khoerudin Fachri 
Published: July 2024

The first part of the 34th verse of Surah An-Nisā, the verse on qawwām, explains the role of men as leaders for their wives and children. His position as the head of the family makes him responsible for providing for, protecting, nurturing and striving for the benefit of the family. However, in the early 20th century, some muslim feminists who were influenced by Western gender equality ideology rejected the interpretation of qawwām that made men the leader or head of the family. According to them, the interpretation of qawwām by classical mufassirs, the majority of whom were men, was gender biased. This article tries to review the meaning and function of qawwām in the view of female mufassirs with the aim of presenting a commensurate argument for feminist criticism of the interpretation of qawwām by classical mufassirs. This study uses a library research approach that contains the meaning and function of qawwām from many figures, but the focus is on the interpretation of qawwām from female mufassirs. The results of this study reveal that the interpretation of female mufassirs regarding the verse on qawwām is not different from the classical mufassirs. This means that the classical mufassirs' interpretation of qawwām is not gender biased as feminists claim.
Distinct Neurodevelopmental Patterns and Intermediate Integration-Based Predictive Modeling in Autism
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Ma Shiqiang , Ma Ruimin , Xiao Linxia , Li Jiawei , Tang Shi , Wei Yanjie , Pan Yi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is known to exhibit a more rapid brain expansion during early postnatal period of life, followed by a deceleration in age-related growth compared to typically developing children (TD). However, the development and evolution of the cerebral cortex that drive these changes remains unclear. In this study, we characterize the distinct developmental trajectory of cortical features in individuals with ASD across the lifespan, investigate the regional differences between ASD and TD, and propose a deep-learning workflow that combines graph convolutional networks with low-rank multi-model tensor fusion (LMFGCN) for ASD identification. Our findings reveal that the brain neurodevelopmental process in ASD is not a uniform process but rather is characterized by distinct developmental trajectories that vary across age and regions. The separated trajectories between cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) especially at the early stage (about ages 0-8 years) indicate that early brain volume overgrowth in ASD is predominantly attributed to increased SA, rather than CT. The regional differences in CT and SA show spatially disrupted patterns that are congruent with changes in cortical volume. Moreover, we introduce LMFGCN, a deep-learning framework with intermediate fusion approach, outperforms early and late fusion methods and other state-of-the-art models in ASD classification. Overall, our results provide insights into spatiotemporal gradients of brain maturation, identify distinct brain alterations across the lifespan, and demonstrate the potential utility of LMFGCN in ASD identification.
Comparing different Machine Learning Algorithms in a stock Market Scenario to check which one has the highest efficiency
Authors: Dave Jayesh , Porwal Sanket , Jain Utsav , Chandore Garima , Jain Anusha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Predicting stock market movements using machine learning algorithms is a challenging yet crucial task in financial markets. This study evaluates the efficacy of different machine learning algorithms in predicting stock market trends, utilizing historical stock price data alongside technical indicators as input variables, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Random Forest. The study extends the prediction horizon to ten and 30 days into the future, aiming to assess the performance of these algorithms over various timeframes. Results indicate that despite the sophistication of the machine learning models, a simple strategy of always predicting a stock price increase outperforms them, aligning with the random walk theory. This finding contributes to the ongoing discussion on the efficacy of predictive algorithms in financial markets. The implications of these results for stock market prediction and the challenges in accurately forecasting stock price movements are discussed. Ultimately, this study offers valuable perspective on the relative effectiveness of machine learning algorithms within the context of the stock market, illuminating the inherent intricacies involved in forecasting fluctuations in stock market.
Periosteum-Bone Inspired Hierarchical Scaffold with Endogenous Piezoelectricity for Neuro-Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhao Yao , Cai Yun-Fan , Wang Wen-Kai , Bai Yong-Kang , Liu Ming-Yi , Wang Yan , Niu Wen , Luo Zhi-Xiao , Xia Ling-Yun , Zhu Juan-Fang , Zhao Fei , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li-Na 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The development of scaffolds for repairing critical-sized bone defects heavily relies on establishing a neuro-vascularized network for proper penetration of nerves and blood vessels. Despite significant advancements in using artificial bone-like scaffolds infused with various agents, challenges remain. Natural bone tissue consists of a porous bone matrix surrounded by a neuro-vascularized periosteum, with unique piezoelectric properties essential for bone growth. Drawing inspiration from this assembly, we developed a periosteum-bone-mimicking bilayer scaffold with piezoelectric properties for regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. The periosteum-like layer of this scaffold features a double network hydrogel composed of chelated alginate, gelatin methacrylate, and sintered whitlockite nanoparticles, emulating the viscoelastic and piezoelectric properties of the natural periosteum. The bone-like layer is composed of a porous structure of chitosan and bioactive hydroxyapatite created through a biomineralization process. Unlike conventional bone-like scaffolds, this bioinspired bilayer scaffold significantly enhances osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound-assisted piezoelectric stimulation. Such a scheme enhances neuro-vascularized bone regeneration in vivo. The results suggest that the bilayer scaffold could serve as an effective self-powered electrical stimulator to expedite bone regeneration under dynamic physical stimulation.
Effects of nitrification inhibitor and maize straw application on N2O and N2 emissions from two agricultural soils: A 15N tracer study
Authors: Zhao Xinghan , Quan Zhi , Gurmesa Geshere Abdisa , Huang Bin , Yu Haoming , Zhu Feifei , Xun Zhifeng , Liu Chang , Liu Dong , Yang Xiusen , Li Jie , Fang Yunting , Lu Caiyan , Chen Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims: The application of nitrification inhibitor (NI) and crop straw with nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a common practice to increase soil N conservation and crop N use in cropping systems. However, their effects on gaseous N emission from soils are less understood, especially for N2.
Methods: We conducted a 60-day soil incubation experiment to study the effects of NI or maize straw application on N2O and N2 emissions from two typical upland soils, namely a Mollisol and an Inceptisol with contrasting pH values, fertilized with 15N-labeled urea.
Results: During the incubation period, cumulative N2O and N2 emissions for urea-only addition treatment in the Mollisol were 0.5 and 12 mg N kg-1 soil, respectively, while they were 15 and 176 mg N kg-1 soil in the Inceptisol. The co-application of NI (dicyandiamide) decreased cumulative N2O emissions by 66%-72% in both soils and decreased N2 emissions by 81% in the Inceptisol. However, it increased N2 emissions by 15% in Mollisol. The co-application of straw also decreased cumulative N2O emission by 60% in the Mollisol and by 4% in the Inceptisol, but increased N2 emission by 75%-96% in both soils. Interestingly, the increased N2 emissions after straw incorporation were mainly soil-derived rather than fertilizer-derived in either soil.
Conclusions: Our findings reveal that the applications of NI or straw have various impacts on N2O and N2 emissions in different soils, and NI application could be a promising measure to reduce the high gaseous N losses in Inceptisol following N fertilization.
Challenges, merits and demerits of curriculum co-creation in a private sector dental college: An interventional phenomenological study from Pakistan
Authors: Zahra Fatima , Khan Rehan Ahmed Khan , Yasmin Raheela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study explores co-creation practices in a Pakistani dental college to foster quality learner-teacher relationships and promote student empowerment. Co-creation as a model emphasizes shared decision-making and aims to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment. The study explored the gap in understanding how co-creation can be adapted to the local context of a medical college in Pakistan and explored the challenges, merits, and demerits of this approach and the perceived experiences of teachers and students regarding it. Using a qualitative interventional phenomenological research design, data was collected through interviews and analysed thematically. The results revealed that teachers valued students’ participation and recognized the benefits of co-creation in enhancing student engagement and motivation. However, they faced challenges in balancing creativity with academic rigour and managing time. Students expressed enthusiasm for active involvement in co-creation but experienced hesitancy in expressing opinions in front of faculty members. The study concluded that co-creation has the potential to create a more student-centred and inclusive learning environment, but addressing challenges related to power dynamics, cultural barriers, and time management is essential for successful implementation.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Design to Optimize the Cathode of Li-ions Batteries Recycling in Deep Eutectic Solvent and DFT Simulation
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Maftoon-Azad Leila , Behnajady Bahram , Tüzün Burak 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In this study, the dissolution of a cathode of Li-ion batteries (CLIB) in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and glucose (G) was investigated using the response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design. The temperature ranged from 45 to 105°C, time from 2 to 26 h, agitation from 250 to 850 rpm, and DES/CLIB ratio from 20 to 100 g/g. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), temperature had the most significant impact on the dissolution of all elements (Ni, Co, Mn, and Li). In contrast, agitation had no significant effect on metal recoveries. Under optimal conditions, including a temperature of 93°C, a time of 20 h, an agitation of 550 rpm, and a DES/CLIB ratio of 80 g/g, the efficiencies of Ni, Co, Mn, and Li were 85.7%, 90.1%, 89.6%, and 93.2%, respectively, which matched well with the modeling results. This paper presents a comprehensive DFT investigation at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory on the behavior of transition metal cations in the presence of ChCl and G. Findings elucidate the preference of specific cations for particular ligands, the stability of complex formations, and the crucial role of ligands in electron transfer processes.
Examining Anxiety and Depression among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Fariha Tazveen , Uddin Jalal , Flatt Jason D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Mental health is a critical aspect of well-being, especially among undergraduate nursing students. Nursing students face unique stressors that can impact their mental health. This study aimed to determine the of anxiety and depression level among undergraduate nursing students at Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected using an online questionnaire (google form) that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Convenience sampling was used to select 120 BSc Nursing students aged over 18 years. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28.
Results
The majority of participants were female (88.3%), and the mean age was 20.58 years, range 18 to 23. The prevalence of anxiety was 66.0%, with 28.0% scoring in the borderline abnormal range and 38.0% in the abnormal range. For depression, 22.4% were in the borderline abnormal range, and 18.4% in the abnormal range. Pearson correlation test showed gender was significantly associated with anxiety (p = 0.004), while no significant associations were found between depression and gender, depression and (academic qualifications, contagious disease status, or close family members' infection status). The logistic regression analysis, revealing that age is significantly associated with depression among nursing students; older students have higher odds of experiencing depression (OR = 1.384, p = 0.037).
Conclusion
This study highlights a significant burden of anxiety among undergraduate nursing students at CINC, with a substantial proportion experiencing abnormal levels of anxiety. The findings underscore the importance of addressing mental health issues among nursing students and implementing strategies to promote their mental well-being.
Nurses' Communication Competence Amidst COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Khoramaki Zakieh , Ghahremani Leila , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Karimi Masoud , Jamshidi Zahra , Nazari Mahin , Khamisa Natasha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
Nurses need a variety of skills, including the ability to communicate effectively, especially in challenging scenarios such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the communication competence of nurses in this crisis. Design: This cross-sectional study is designed to investigate nurses’ communication competence during the COVID-19 pandemic at 16 principal and referral teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods
Demographic variables and communication competence scale were completed by 1003 nurses with more than two years of experience in the referral teaching hospitals of Shiraz, selected by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation.
Results
The mean score of nurses' communication competence in Covid-19 pandemic was 175.37 ± 17.71 out of a possible score range of 47–235. Participants rated different dimensions of nurse communication in Covid-19 pandemic slightly above the mean value of the answer scale, and the score of social relaxation in Covid-19 pandemic is closer to the mean value of the answer scale than the other dimensions. The results showed that nurses consider factors such as education level, active listening and the use of personal protective equipment to be effective in communication competence during covid-19.
Guar Gum and Ethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles Encapsulating Capecitabine for Targeting of Colorectal Cancer: Formulation and Assessment
Authors: Pasupathy A , Rathore Seema S. , Umadevi S. , Jenita Josephine Leno 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Currently, most nanotechnology-mediated drug delivery systems are targeted towards cancer therapy. The guar gum and ethyl cellulose nanoparticle-based delivery system developed in this study demonstrates the potential of nanotechnology-mediated approaches for the targeted and sustained delivery of capecitabine in managing colorectal cancer. Guar gum and Ethyl cellulose have been selected as polymers to formulate nanoparticles for colon targeting. Different batches of drug-loaded GG-EC nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method. The optimal batch exhibited a particle dimension of 235.6 ± 4.28 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.153 and a zeta potential of -23.4 ± 3.12 millivolts. The in vitro drug release pattern demonstrated that the liberation of capecitabine was sustained for 24 hours. The mechanism of drug release from formulated nanoparticles was followed with Non-Fickian mediated with diffusion-controlled. Animal studies determined the targeting efficiency of the ideal formulation. Results indicated that the concentration of capecitabine was higher than the standard drug. The distinctive characteristics of the polymers employed in the nanoparticle formulation facilitate specific drug discharge in the colon, diminishing systemic contact and amplifying remedial effectiveness.
Inverse melting and re-entrant transformations of the vortex lattice in amorphous Re6Zr thin film
Authors: Raychaudhuri Pratap , Duhan Rishabh , Sengupta Subhamita , Jesudasan John , Basistha Somak 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Melting of a solid is one of the most ubiquitous phenomena observed in nature. Most solids, when heated, melt from a crystalline state to an isotropic liquid at a characteristic temperature. There are however situations where increase in temperature can induce a transition to a more ordered state1. Broadly termed as “inverse melting”, experimental realisations of such situations are rare2,3,4. Here, we report such a phenomenon in the 2-dimensional vortex liquid that forms in a moderately pinned amorphous Re6Zr (a-ReZr) thin film, from direct imaging of the vortex lattice using a scanning tunnelling microscope. At low temperature and magnetic fields, we find that the vortices form a “pinned liquid”, that is characterised by a low mobility of the vortices and vortex density that is spatially inhomogeneous. As the temperature or magnetic field is increased the vortices become more ordered, eventually forming a nearly perfectly ordered vortex lattice. Above this temperature/magnetic field, the ordered vortex lattice melts again into a vortex liquid. This re-entrant transformation from a liquid to solid-like state and then back to a liquid also leaves distinct signature in the magnetotransport properties of the superconductor.