bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoexpression of tryptase‐positive mast cells in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts
Authors: Costa Neto H. , de Andrade A. L. D. L. , Gordón‐Núñez M. A. , Freitas R. de A. , Galvão H. C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of tryptase in samples of periapical granulomas (PGs) and radicular cysts (RCs) correlating it with the type of lesion, localization, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the cystic epithelial lining, in order to gain insight into the phlogistic role of these cells in the lesions studied.MethodologyTwenty‐five PGs and twenty‐five RCs obtained from human teeth without endodontic treatment were submitted to morphological and immunohistochemical analysis using anti‐tryptase antibody. Mast cells were identified and counted in three regions: intra‐epithelial, central/superficial and deep portions. The data were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (P < 0.05).ResultsIn comparison with RCs, PGs exhibited higher immunoexpression of tryptase‐positive mast cells located in both central/superficial and deep regions (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When considering the total number of mast cells and disregarding the location, the number of tryptase‐positive mast cells increased gradually from RCs to PGs (P < 0.001). Lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III had greater number of tryptase‐positive mast cells located in both central/superficial and deep regions than lesions with inflammatory infiltrates grade II (P = 0.045 and P = 0.025). When the location was ignored, the lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III also exhibited higher immunostaining of tryptase‐positive mast cells (P = 0.01).ConclusionsTryptase‐positive mast cells were present in chronic periapical lesions in a larger number in periapical granulomas than in radicular cysts, in both central/superficial and deep regions.
Outcomes of haematology/oncology patients admitted to intensive care unit at The Canberra Hospital
Authors: Parakh S. , Piggin A. , Neeman T. , Mitchell I. , Crispin P. , Davis A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes for haematology/oncology patients have improved; however, determining their suitability for intensive care unit (ICU) admission remains challenging and controversial.AimExamine outcomes of patients admitted to an Australian tertiary hospital ICU and explore potential prognostic factors.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with haematological and solid tumour malignancies non‐electively admitted to The Canberra Hospital (TCH) ICU, between January 2008 and December 2012. Patient demographics, cancer details, reasons for ICU admission and Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were collected, and survival rates calculated and correlated with potential prognostic factors.ResultsOf 205 patients, 113 (55%) had haematological malignancies, and 92 (45%) had solid tumours: 58% male and mean age 60.3 years (standard deviation (SD) 13.4). Eighty‐two per cent of solid tumour patients had metastatic disease and 55% received palliative chemotherapy. Primary reasons for ICU admission included sepsis (59%), respiratory distress (37%) and hypotension/shock (18%). Mean APACHE II score was 20.1(SD 0.55); mean length of stay in ICU, 4 days (SD 5.2); ICU survival was 76% with 62% and 41% alive at 30 days and 6 months respectively. Overall 1‐year survival was 36%. High APACHE II scores and ≥2 organs failing were significant risk factors for 30‐day mortality.ConclusionShort‐term outcomes were similar to contemporary studies from a general tertiary hospital setting and better than historical data. Sixty‐two per cent of patients were alive 30 days post‐ICU admission, with a significant minority alive at 12 months, confirming some patients achieved worthwhile outcomes. Further research is needed to ensure appropriate patient selection and to explore quality of life post ICU.
Immuno‐miRs: critical regulators of T‐cell development, function and ageing
Authors: Kroesen Bart‐Jan , Teteloshvili Nato , Smigielska‐Czepiel Katarzyna , Brouwer Elisabeth , Boots Anne Mieke H. , van den Berg Anke , Kluiver Joost 
Published: August 2014

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are instrumental to many aspects of immunity, including various levels of T‐cell immunity. Over the last decade, crucial immune functions were shown to be regulated by specific miRNAs. These ‘immuno‐miRs’ regulate generic cell biological processes in T cells, such as proliferation and apoptosis, as well as a number of T‐cell‐specific features that are fundamental to the development, differentiation and function of T cells. In this review, we give an overview of the current literature with respect to the role of miRNAs at various stages of T‐cell development, maturation, differentiation, activation and ageing. Little is known about the involvement of miRNAs in thymic T‐cell development, although miR‐181a and miR‐150 have been implicated herein. In contrast, several broadly expressed miRNAs including miR‐21, miR‐155 and miR‐17~92, have now been shown to regulate T‐cell activation. Other miRNAs, including miR‐146a, show a more T‐cell‐subset‐specific expression pattern and are involved in the regulation of processes unique to that specific T‐cell subset. Importantly, differences in the miRNA target gene repertoires of different T‐cell subsets allow similar miRNAs to control different T‐cell‐subset‐specific functions. Interestingly, several of the here described immuno‐miRs have also been implicated in T‐cell ageing and there are clear indications for causal involvement of miRNAs in immunosenescence. It is concluded that immuno‐miRs have a dynamic regulatory role in many aspects of T‐cell differentiation, activation, function and ageing. An important notion when studying miRNAs in relation to T‐cell biology is that specific immuno‐miRs may have quite unrelated functions in closely related T‐cell subsets.
Older persons with dementia at risk for institutionalization in eight European countries: a cross‐sectional study on the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Stephan Astrid , Afram Basema , Koskenniemi Jaana , Verbeek Hilde , Soto Maria E. , Bleijlevens Michel H.C. , Sutcliffe Caroline , Lethin Connie , Risco Ester , Saks Kai , Hamers Jan P.H. , Meyer Gabriele ,   the RightTimePlaceCare Consortium
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals regarding potential reasons for the institutionalization of older persons with dementia in eight European countries.BackgroundHealthcare professionals may have an important role in facilitating informal caregivers' decision‐making regarding institutionalization. Little is known about the perceptions of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals prior to institutionalization.DesignCross‐sectional survey in eight European countries (November 2010–January 2012).MethodsHealthcare professionals reported why they clinically judged persons with dementia at risk for institutionalization. Informal caregivers reported potential reasons from their perspectives. Answers were openly coded and categorized. Variation between informal caregivers and healthcare professionals was investigated (agreement on at least one potential reason per case/proportion of maximum attainable kappa).ResultsJudgements of healthcare professionals and informal caregivers on 1160 persons with dementia were included. A total of 22 categories emerged. Approximately 90% of informal caregivers reported potential reasons. In 41% of the cases, informal caregivers and healthcare professionals agreed on at least one reason. Discrepancy was high for potential reasons related to caregiver burden. For the most frequent categories (caregiver burden, caregiver unable to provide care, neuropsychiatric symptoms, overall deterioration, care dependency), 24–41% of the attainable kappa was achieved. Differences between countries emerged indicating more favourable agreement in Finland, Sweden and Estonia and lowest agreement in England and Spain.ConclusionAgreement between healthcare professionals and informal caregivers on potential reasons for institutionalization was low‐to‐moderate. Healthcare professionals are challenged to develop a detailed understanding of the perspectives and perceived burden of informal caregivers.
The experiences of male sudden cardiac arrest survivors and their partners: a gender analysis
Authors: Uren Alan , Galdas Paul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo explore how masculinities shape the experiences of men and their partners after survival from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.BackgroundSurvivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest report depression, dependence on others for daily functioning, decreased participation in society and significant decreases in quality of life. There is growing evidence that masculine gender identities play a central role in the recovery experiences of men and their families following other major cardiac events. However, to date, there has been no examination of how masculinities shape men's experiences of recovery following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.DesignInterview study guided by an interpretive description approach. Data were subjected to thematic analysis.MethodA purposive sample of seven male sudden cardiac arrest survivors and 6 female partners was recruited in 2010 from a secondary care centre in British Columbia, Canada.ResultsThree themes were prominent in the experiences of the participants: (1) Support and self‐reliance; (2) Dealing with emotional (in) vulnerability; and (3) No longer a ‘He‐man’.ConclusionMasculinities played a role in men's experiences of recovery and adaptation following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Hegemonic masculinity partly explained men's experiences, notably their reluctance to seek professional support and reactions to changes in lifestyle. However, the study also suggests that the popular stereotype of men being ‘strong and silent’ in the face of ill‐health may only be a part of a more complex story. Nurses would benefit from taking into consideration the potential influence of male gender identities on men's recovery postcardiac arrest.
Reduction in dynamin‐2 is implicated in ischaemic cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Shi Dan , Xie Duanyang , Zhang Hong , Zhao Hong , Huang Jian , Li Changming , Liu Yi , Lv Fei , The Erlinda , Liu Yuan , Yuan Tianyou , Wang Shiyi , Chen Jinjin , Pan Lei , Yu Zuoren , Liang Dandan , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Yuzhen , Li Li , Peng Luying , Li Jun , Chen Yi‐Han 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIschaemic cardiac arrhythmias cause a large proportion of sudden cardiac deaths worldwide. The ischaemic arrhythmogenesis is primarily because of the dysfunction and adverse remodelling of sarcolemma ion channels. However, the potential regulators of sarcolemma ion channel turnover and function in ischaemic cardiac arrhythmias remains unknown. Our previous studies indicate that dynamin‐2 (DNM2), a cardiac membrane‐remodelling GTPase, modulates ion channels membrane trafficking in the cardiomyocytes. Here, we have found that DNM2 plays an important role in acute ischaemic arrhythmias. In rat ventricular tissues and primary cardiomyocytes subjected to acute ischaemic stress, the DNM2 protein and transcription levels were markedly down‐regulated. This DNM2 reduction was coupled with severe ventricular arrhythmias. Moreover, we identified that the down‐regulation of DNM2 within cardiomyocytes increases the action potential amplitude and prolongs the re‐polarization duration by depressing the retrograde trafficking of Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 channels. These effects are likely to account for the DNM2 defect‐induced arrhythmogenic potentials. These results suggest that DNM2, with its multi‐ion channel targeting properties, could be a promising target for novel antiarrhythmic therapies.
From Regulatory State to a Democratic Default
Authors: Majone Giandomenico 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor more than half a century Euro elites succeeded in presenting integration as a positive‐sum game, with economic benefits more than compensating for the limitations of supranational democracy. Since the beginning of the euro crisis, however, even the most inattentive citizen of the EU realizes that integration entails serious normative costs as well as some economic benefits. As the crisis intensifies, all proposed ad hoc solutions tend to aggravate the democratic deficit of the Union. It is not only the citizens that are being excluded from the debate about the future of the eurozone; most national governments are forced to accept solutions proposed by a few leaders representing the major stockholders of the European Central Bank. Thus, the risk of a total normative loss – a default rather than a simple deficit of democracy at the European level – is now quite concrete.
Constructing a Modern Society Through “Depillarization”. Understanding Post‐War History as Gradual Change
Authors: van Dam Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe term “depillarization” (“ontzuiling”) emerged in the Netherlands during the 1970s to proclaim the end of a society dominated by “pillarization” (“verzuiling”). In breaking away from the past, a groundbreaking renewal of religious and civic life through secularization and individualization was proclaimed or deplored. As hopes of an emancipation from the past subsided in the face of a considerable continuity, depillarization became a narrative of loss and frustration. This article shows how metaphors of disaggregation such as depillarization have produced an inability to conceptualize contemporary society, accompanied by a distortion of the past as the “other” of the present. It demonstrates how such metaphors may become dominant through their ability to incorporate competing visions of social order and the integration of scholarly and popular discourse. In conclusion, this article proposes to overcome the narratives of disaggregation by interpreting post‐war history as a gradual transformation from the ideals and practices of heavy communities to those of light communities in the domains of politics, civil society and religion.
“Radiation is Not New to Our Lives”: TheU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission, Continental Atmospheric Weapons Testing, and Discursive Hegemony in the Downwind Communities
Authors: Rice James , Rice Julie Steinkopf 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDrawing from the post‐structuralist discourse theory ofLaclau andMouffe and corpus linguistics techniques, we deconstruct the discursive strategies of theU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission (AEC) during the era of continental atmospheric atomic testing in southernNevada. The data consist ofAECpamphlets distributed in the “downwind” communities in 1953, 1955, and 1957 coincident with major test series. We illustrate discursive dominance hinged on the invocation of national security and instrumental rationality as key signifiers and portrayal of radioactive fallout as natural, ubiquitous, and controllable. Further,AECdiscourse was predicated upon casting officials in a paternalistic role and residents of the rural communities downwind as best served though acquiescence toAECauthority and expertise. We conclude by highlighting the empirical evidence regarding the deleterious health effects of atmospheric atomic testing between 1951 and 1962 and argue examination ofAECdiscursive hegemony offers important lessons applicable to contemporary socio‐technical controversies.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRINGE BANKING*
Authors: Fowler Christopher S. , Cover Jane K. , Kleit Rachel Garshick 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTU.S. financial services are bifurcated into a traditional banking sector that serves wealthier individuals and a less regulated alternative financial services sector (payday lenders, check cashers, etc.) catering to lower income individuals. What determines the spatial distribution of fringe banks? First, at the county level, fringe banks do not fill a spatial void in traditional services. Second, whether fringe providers disproportionately locate in counties with more minorities depends on the service and the minority population. Finally, pawnshop prevalence is shaped by restrictions on interest and fees, but the location of payday lenders and check cashers is not sensitive to such regulation.
Compare the Effectiveness of PLISSIT and Sexual Health Models on Women's Sexual Problems in Tehran, Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farnam Farnaz , Janghorbani Mohsen , Raisi Firoozeh , Merghati-Khoei Effat 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Sexuality is an important aspect of human life and sexual problems are common, but there is limited evidence for cost-effective treatments of women's sexual dysfunctions.

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess whether group therapy such as Sexual Health Model (SHM) can be as effective as individual therapy like Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, and Intensive Therapy (PLISSIT) model in women with sexual problems.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted between May 2012 and September 2013 in five Tehran, Iran health clinics. Eighty-four consecutive married women aged 20–52 years, with sexual problems who were admitted for the first time, were recruited and randomized into two groups. The intervention included two therapeutic models: the SHM, which consisted of two sessions of 3 hours of group education, and the PLISSIT model, which required a total of 6 hours of one-on-one consultation at an interval of 1–2 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual function and sexual distress were assessed, respectively, with the Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women and Female Sexual Distress Scale Revised questionnaires.

Results
Seven months after intervention, the mean (SD) of the sexual distress score decreased and sexual composite score increased significantly in both groups (P &lt; 0.001). The overall analysis of repeated measure manova revealed borderline significance differences for combined outcomes between two groups (P = 0.051).

Conclusions
Due to the considerable human resource, time, and cost spent conducting the PLISSIT, it seems that group education based on SHM could be more cost-efficient and nearly as effective. This conclusion may be more applicable in communities where the treatment of sexual problems is in the beginning stages and where people have not received any sexual education or knowledge during their lifetime.
Vitamin D and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Barassi Alessandra , Pezzilli Raffaele , Colpi Giovanni M. , Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano M. , Melzi d'Eril Gian Vico 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated to play an important role in pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction (ED) and vitamin D deficiency is deemed to promote endothelial dysfunctions.

Aim
To evaluate the status of serum vitamin D in a group of patients with ED.

Methods
Diagnosis and severity of ED was based on the IIEF-5 and its aetiology was classified as arteriogenic (A-ED), borderline (BL-ED), and non-arteriogenic (NA-ED) with penile-echo-color-Doppler in basal condition and after intracaversous injection of prostaglandin E1. Serum vitamin D and intact PTH concentrations were measured.

Main Outcome Measures
Vitamin D levels of men with A-ED were compared with those of male with BL-ED and NA-ED.

Results
Fifty patients were classified as A-ED, 28 as ED-BL and 65 as NA-ED, for a total of 143 cases. Mean vitamin D level was 21.3 ng/mL; vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/mL) was present in 45.9% and only 20.2% had optimal vitamin D levels. Patients with severe/complete-ED had vitamin D level significantly lower (P = 0.02) than those with mild-ED. Vitamin level was negatively correlated with PTH and the correlation was more marked in subjects with vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency in A-ED was significantly lower (P = 0.01) than in NA-ED patients. Penile-echo-color-Doppler revealed that A-ED (PSV ≤ 25 cm/second) was more frequent in those with vitamin D deficiency as compared with those with vitamin &gt;20 ng/dL (45% vs. 24%; P &lt; 0.05) and in the same population median PSV values were lower (26 vs. 38; P &lt; 0.001) in vitamin D subjects.

Conclusion
Our study shows that a significant proportion of ED patients have a vitamin D deficiency and that this condition is more frequent in patients with the arteriogenic etiology. Low levels of vitamin D might increase the ED risk by promoting endothelial dysfunction. Men with ED should be analyzed for vitamin D levels and particularly to A-ED patients with a low level a vitamin D supplementation is suggested.
RNA‐mediated regulation in Gram‐positive pathogens: an overview punctuated with examples from the group A Streptococcus
Authors: Miller Eric W. , Cao Tram N. , Pflughoeft Kathryn J. , Sumby Paul 
Published: August 2014

SummaryRNA‐based mechanisms of regulation represent a ubiquitous class of regulators that are associated with diverse processes including nutrient sensing, stress response, modulation of horizontal gene transfer, and virulence factor expression. While better studied in Gram‐negative bacteria, the literature is replete with examples of the importance of RNA‐mediated regulatory mechanisms to the virulence and fitness of Gram‐positives. Regulatory RNAs are classified as cis‐acting, e.g. riboswitches, which modulate the transcription, translation, or stability of co‐transcribed RNA, or trans‐acting, e.g. small regulatory RNAs, which target separate mRNAs or proteins. The group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) is a Gram‐positive bacterial pathogen from which several regulatory RNA mechanisms have been characterized. The study of RNA‐mediated regulation in GAS has uncovered novel concepts with respect to how small regulatory RNAs may positively regulate target mRNA stability, and to how CRISPR RNAs are processed from longer precursors. This review provides an overview of RNA‐mediated regulation in Gram‐positive bacteria, and is highlighted with specific examples from GAS research. The key roles that these systems play in regulating bacterial virulence are discussed and future perspectives outlined.
PULLING OURSELVES UP BY OUR BOOTSTRAPS: A REJOINDER TO VAN IJZENDOORN AND BAKERMANS‐KRANENBURG (2014)
Authors: Roisman Glenn I. , Fraley R. Chris , Booth‐LaForce Cathryn 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis rejoinder addresses two interrelated concerns raised by Van IJzendoorn and Bakermans‐Kranenburg (this volume): (1) the degree to which it is reasonable to expect some of the results reported here to replicate given the low rates of preoccupied and unresolved classifications in the SECCYD sample and (2) whether the results from the taxometric and factor analyses we report should be used to guide scholarly thinking about the latent structure of individual differences in AAI narratives.