bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormone, Relationships of Parathyroid Gamma Counts, and Adenoma Mass in Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Stack Brendan C. , Moore Evan R. , Belcher Ryan H. , Spencer Horace J. , Bodenner Donald L. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo better understand relationships of parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, adenoma gamma counts, and adenoma mass in patients undergoing minimally radioguided invasive parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism from single‐gland disease.Study DesignA prospective review of 104 patients operated on by a single surgeon.SettingUniversity tertiary hospital.SubjectsAdults who have primary hyperparathyroidism due to a single gland.ResultsThere were 23 men and 81 women with an average age of 63 years. The mean (SD) adenoma mass was 0.78 (0.69) g (median, 0.57 g). The mean (SD) percent of background for the adenoma was 120.2 (90.5). Preoperative PTH and percent of background gamma count of the adenoma showed a likely correlation with a Spearman ρ value of 0.2039 and a P value of. 037. There were significant correlations between both percent of background of the adenoma and adenoma mass (Spearman ρ = 0.4991 and P <. 0001). Preoperative PTH and adenoma mass also showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman ρ = 0.308 and P =. 002).ConclusionThere exist correlations between gland mass, radioactivity, and PTH level. Adenoma radiation counts do not appear to be a proxy for changes in PTH levels measured during surgery as has been reported. Intraoperative PTH has been shown by others not to be necessary when doing radioguided parathyroid surgery if the Norman rule is observed. However, a radioguided technique and intraoperative PTH can provide complementary information in making an assessment of completion of parathyroid procedures.
Immediate Reconstruction with Autologous Cartilage after Removal of Infected Alloplast in Revision Rhinoplasty
Authors: Won Tae‐Bin , Jin Hong Ryul 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of immediate reconstruction with autologous cartilage after removal of infected alloplast in revision rhinoplasty.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic university hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients who met the following inclusion criteria were the subjects of the present study: (1) revision rhinoplasty, (2) alloplastic implant‐related infection, (3) immediate reconstruction with autologous cartilage at the time of implant removal, and (4) follow‐up of more than 12 months. Data analysis included number of previous operations; type of alloplastic implant used; culture results; reconstruction method; complications, including reinfection and graft resorption; and aesthetic results.ResultsThe 21 patients who met the inclusion criteria included 8 women and 13 men with a mean age of 37 years. Associated alloplast included silicone (10 cases), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (9 cases), and Medpor (2 cases). With a mean follow‐up of 35 months, infection occurred in 1 patient that subsided with antibiotics. No major clinical absorption was encountered. Revision was performed in 1 patient with costal cartilage warping. No revision was required for infection or graft absorption.ConclusionImmediate reconstruction using autologous cartilage in revision rhinoplasty needing removal of an infected alloplast has shown a favorable outcome with minimal complications.
Nine-Year Risk of Depression Diagnosis Increases With Increasing Self-Reported Concussions in Retired Professional Football Players
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Marshall Stephen W. , Harding Herndon P. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: August 2012

Background: Concussions may accelerate the progression to long-term mental health outcomes such as depression in athletes. Purpose: To prospectively determine the effects of recurrent concussions on the clinical diagnosis of depression in a group of retired football players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Members of the National Football League Retired Players Association responded to a baseline General Health Survey (GHS) in 2001. They also completed a follow-up survey in 2010. Both surveys asked about demographic information, number of concussions sustained during their professional football career, physical/mental health, and prevalence of diagnosed medical conditions. A physical component summary (Short Form 36 Measurement Model for Functional Assessment of Health and Well-Being [SF-36 PCS]) was calculated from responses for physical health. The main exposure, the history of concussions during the professional playing career (self-report recalled in 2010), was stratified into 5 categories: 0 (referent), 1 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10+ concussions. The main outcome was a clinical diagnosis of depression between the baseline and follow-up GHS. Classic tabular methods computed crude risk ratios. Binomial regression with a Poisson residual and robust variance estimation to stabilize the fitting algorithm estimated adjusted risk ratios. χ2 analyses identified associations and trends between concussion history and the 9-year risk of a depression diagnosis. Results: Of the 1044 respondents with complete data from the baseline and follow-up GHS, 106 (10.2%) reported being clinically diagnosed as depressed between the baseline and follow-up GHS. Approximately 65% of all respondents self-reported sustaining at least 1 concussion during their professional careers. The 9-year risk of a depression diagnosis increased with an increasing number of self-reported concussions, ranging from 3.0% in the “no concussions” group to 26.8% in the “10+” group (linear trend: P < .001). A strong dose-response relationship was observed even after controlling for confounders (years retired from professional football and 2001 SF-36 PCS). Retired athletes with a depression diagnosis also had a lower SF-36 PCS before diagnosis. The association between concussions and depression was independent of the relationship between decreased physical health and depression. Conclusion: Professional football players self-reporting concussions are at greater risk for having depressive episodes later in life compared with those retired players self-reporting no concussions.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes 5 Years After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in Patients With Symptomatic, Traumatic Chondral Defects
Authors: Marlovits Stefan , Aldrian Silke , Wondrasch Barbara , Zak Lukas , Albrecht Christian , Welsch Goetz , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: August 2012

Background: To date, few studies have been published reporting the 5-year follow-up of clinical and radiological outcomes for chondral defects treated with matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI). Hypothesis: A significant improvement in clinical and radiological outcomes after treatment of symptomatic, traumatic chondral defects of the knee with the MACI implant will be maintained up to 5 years after surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A prospective evaluation of the MACI procedure was performed in 21 patients with chondral defects of the knee. After the MACI procedure, patients were clinically assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tegner-Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, and the modified Cincinnati score at years 1, 2, and 5. The quality of repair tissue was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging using the magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score at months 3 and 6 and years 1, 2, and 5. Results: Significant improvements ( P < .05) were observed for all 5 KOOS subcategories at year 1 and were maintained through year 5 in 90.5% of patients (19/21). Treatment failure occurred in only 9.5% of patients (2/21). Significant improvements ( P < .05) from baseline to year 5 were also observed for the IKDC score (30.1 to 74.3), the modified Cincinnati score (38.1 to 79.6), and the Tegner-Lysholm activity score (1.8 to 4.3). Similarly, the MOCART score significantly improved ( P < .001) from baseline to year 5 (52.9 to 75.8). After 5 years, complete filling (83%) and integration (82%) of the graft were seen in the majority of patients. Signs of subchondral bone edema were still present in 47% of patients at 5 years. No product-specific adverse events were reported over the 5-year follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients treated with a MACI implant demonstrated significant clinical improvement and good quality repair tissue 5 years after surgery. The MACI procedure was shown to be a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic, traumatic chondral knee defects in this study.
Anteroposterior Thickening of the Femoral Neck With Aging Decreases the “Offset” in Men
Authors: Johnson Jacob K. , Renner Jordan B. , Dahners Laurence E. 
Published: August 2012

Background: The contour of the femoral head-neck junction has been shown to have an effect on femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which can lead to early osteoarthritis of the hip. This study uses computed tomography (CT) to investigate changes in the femoral head, femoral neck, and joint space with aging. Hypothesis: The ratio of the diameter of the femoral head to the diameter of the femoral neck would decrease with increasing age, thus diminishing the “offset” of the femoral neck and being a possible mechanism for cam-type FAI and resultant osteoarthritis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: There were 20 male and 20 female patients from each decade, aged 20 to 80 years, who received pelvic and abdominal CT scans. In the axial plane, the femoral head and neck were measured from anterior to posterior, and the joint space was measured anteromedially. The ratio of the diameter of the femoral head to the diameter of the femoral neck was calculated, and patients with radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were noted. Regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of the relationships between these variables, age, and osteoarthritis. Results: Male and female patients showed significant increases in femoral head diameter and femoral neck diameter as well as decreases in joint space width with increasing age. Male patients showed a decrease in the femoral head-neck ratio (relative neck thickening) of 0.0053 per year ( P < .0001) or an average 18% decrease from age 20 to 80 years, while female patients did not show a significant relationship ( P = .29). Male patients with signs of osteoarthritis had a smaller femoral head-neck ratio ( P < .0001) than those without, while female patients did not ( P = .25). Male and female patients with signs of osteoarthritis had a larger femoral head and femoral neck and a more narrow joint space width than those without. Conclusion: Our results suggest that, as men age, they develop a relatively thicker femoral neck that could result in increasing cam impingement, which contributes to the known higher prevalence of osteoarthritis in men. This does not seem to be the case in women, as their femoral neck does not appear to grow as quickly.
SIGLEC1 and SIGLEC7 expression in circulating monocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Malhotra S , Castilló J , Bustamante MF , Vidal-Jordana A , Castro Z , Montalban X , Comabella M 
Published: August 2012

Background: Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are cell surface receptors that recognize sialic acids and may attenuate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of two members of the Siglec family, SIGLEC1 and SIGLEC7, in the clinical course and disease activity of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: SIGLEC1 and SIGLEC7 expression was determined by flow cytometry in the blood monocytes of 16 healthy controls and 55 untreated MS patients (13 primary progressive MS (PPMS) patients, 13 secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients and 29 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients (18 during clinical remission and 11 during relapse)). Results: SIGLEC1 expression by CD14+ monocytes was significantly increased in MS patients compared with controls ( p=0.025 for percentage of positive cells; p=0.007 for mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)). Stratification of patients into different clinical forms revealed increased SIGLEC1 expression in patients with progressive forms of the disease, particularly in those with PPMS ( p=0.003 for percentage of positive cells and p=0.001 for MFI when compared with controls; p=0.031 for percentage of positive cells when compared with RRMS patients). Both inflammatory and resident monocytes contributed to the increase in SIGLEC1 expression observed in PPMS patients. SIGLEC7 expression was significantly up-regulated in blood monocytes from RRMS during relapse compared with patients during clinical remission ( p=0.001 for MFI). Conclusions: These findings suggest roles for SIGLEC1 in the chronic progressive phases of MS and for SIGLEC7 in acute disease activity.
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias
Authors: Benoliel Rafael 
Published: August 2012

Summary points 1. Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs) are headaches/facial pains classified together based on: a suspected common pathophysiology involving the trigeminovascular system, the trigeminoparasympathetic reflex and centres controlling circadian rhythms; a similar clinical presentation of trigeminal pain, and autonomic activation. 2. There is much overlap in the diagnostic features of individual TACs. 3. In contrast, treatment response is relatively specific and aids in establishing a definitive diagnosis. 4. TACs are often presentations of underlying pathology; all patients should be imaged. 5. The aim of the article is to provide the reader with a broad introduction to, and an overview of, TACs. The reading list is extensive for the interested reader.
Autoantibodies specific to a peptide of β2-glycoprotein I cross-react with TLR4, inducing a proinflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells and monocytes
Authors: Colasanti Tania , Alessandri Cristiano , Capozzi Antonella , Sorice Maurizio , Delunardo Federica , Longo Agostina , Pierdominici Marina , Conti Fabrizio , Truglia Simona , Siracusano Alessandra , Valesini Guido , Ortona Elena , Margutti Paola 
Published: August 2012

Abstractβ2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is the major antigenic target for antiphospholipid Abs. Anti-β2GPI Abs are a heterogeneous population of Igs targeting all domains of the molecule. Abs specific to β2GPI domain I are strongly associated with thrombosis and obstetric complications. In the present study, we sought to understand the possible pathogenic mechanism for this subset of anti-β2GPI Abs, investigating their potential cross-reactivity with other self-proteins involved in inflammatory or coagulant events. We compared the amino acid sequence of the β2GPI domain I with human proteins in a protein databank and identified a peptide sharing 88% identity with an epitope of human TLR4. A high percentage of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (41%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (50%) presented serum IgG specific to this peptide. Anti-β2GPI peptide Abs binding the TLR4 were able to induce NF-κB activation in HEK293 cells that were stably transfected with the TLR4 gene. Anti-β2GPI peptide Abs induced activation of TLR4 and triggered interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation, promoting VCAM expression on endothelial cells and TNF-α release by monocytes. In conclusion, our observations suggest a novel pathogenic mechanism in the TLR4 stimulation by anti-β2GPI peptide Abs that links adaptive immune responses with innate immunity in antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor to overcome bortezomib resistance in preclinical models of multiple myeloma
Authors: Kuhn Deborah J. , Berkova Zuzana , Jones Richard J. , Woessner Richard , Bjorklund Chad C. , Ma Wencai , Davis R. Eric , Lin Pei , Wang Hua , Madden Timothy L. , Wei Caimiao , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Wang Michael , Thomas Sheeba K. , Shah Jatin J. , Weber Donna M. , Orlowski Robert Z. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib is a validated approach to the treatment of multiple myeloma, but drug resistance often emerges and limits its utility in the retreatment setting. To begin to identify some of the mechanisms involved, we developed bortezomib-resistant myeloma cell lines that, unlike previously reported models, showed no β5 subunit mutations. Instead, up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)–1 axis was identified, with increased autocrine and paracrine secretion of IGF-1, leading to increased activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Exogenous IGF-1 reduced cellular sensitivity to bortezomib, whereas pharmacologic or small hairpin RNA–mediated IGF-1R suppression enhanced bortezomib sensitivity in cell lines and patient samples. In vitro studies with OSI-906, a clinically relevant dual IGF-1R and insulin receptor inhibitor, showed it acted synergistically with bortezomib, and potently resensitized bortezomib-resistant cell lines and patient samples to bor-tezomib. Importantly, OSI-906 in combination with bortezomib also overcame bor-tezomib resistance in an in vivo model of myeloma. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that signaling through the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis contributes to acquired bortezomib resistance, and provide a rationale for combining bortezomib with IGF-1R inhibitors like OSI-906 to overcome or possibly prevent the emergence of bortezomib-refractory disease in the clinic.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: further evidence for a unique immune response
Authors: Pötschke Christian , Selleng Sixten , Bröker Barbara M. , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) is associated with a high incidence of IgG Abs against platelet factor 4/heparin (PF4/H) complexes by day 6 after surgery. These Abs are associated with an immune-mediated adverse drug reaction, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Although the early onset of the anti-PF4/H IgG response is compatible with a secondary immune response, the rapid decline of Ab titers thereafter is not. To shed light on the origin of these Abs, in the present study, we prospectively compared the kinetics of these Abs with that of Abs against 2 recall Ags and to that of autoantibodies in 166 CPB patients over 4 months. Surgery induced strong inflammation, as shown by an increase in mean C-reactive protein levels. Consistent with previous studies, anti-PF4/H IgG optical density transiently increased between baseline and day 10 (P < .001; not associated with C-reactive protein levels), followed by a decrease over the next months. In contrast, concentrations of antidiphtheria toxin IgG and antitetanus toxin IgG increased constantly over the 4 months after surgery by 25%-30%. IgG autoantibodies did not change. Therefore, the transient kinetics of the anti-PF4/H IgG response resembled neither that of recall Abs nor that of IgG autoantibodies, but rather showed a unique profile.
The neuroprotective effect of post ischemic brief mild hypothermic treatment correlates with apoptosis, but not with gliosis in endothelin-1 treated rats
Authors: Zgavc Tine , Ceulemans An-Gaëlle , Hachimi-Idrissi Said , Kooijman Ron , Sarre Sophie , Michotte Yvette 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundStroke remains one of the most common diseases with a serious impact on quality of life but few effective treatments exist. Mild hypothermia (33°C) is a promising neuroprotective therapy in stroke management. This study investigated whether a delayed short mild hypothermic treatment is still beneficial as neuroprotective strategy in the endothelin-1 (Et-1) rat model for a transient focal cerebral ischemia. Two hours of mild hypothermia (33°C) was induced 20, 60 or 120 minutes after Et-1 infusion. During the experiment the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured via Laser Doppler Flowmetry in the striatum, which represents the core of the infarct. Functional outcome and infarct volume were assessed 24 hours after the insult. In this sub-acute phase following stroke induction, the effects of the hypothermic treatment on apoptosis, phagocytosis and astrogliosis were assessed as well. Apoptosis was determined using caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, phagocytic cells were visualized by CD-68 expression and astrogliosis was studied by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining.ResultsCooling could be postponed up to 1 hour after the onset of the insult without losing its positive effects on neurological deficit and infarct volume. These results correlated with the caspase-3 staining. In contrast, the increased CD-68 expression post-stroke was reduced in the core of the insult with all treatment protocols. Hypothermia also reduced the increased levels of GFAP staining, even when it was delayed up to 2 hours after the insult. The study confirmed that the induction of the hypothermia treatment in the Et-1 model does not affect the CBF.ConclusionsThese data indicate that in the Et-1 rat model, a short mild hypothermic treatment delayed for 1 hour is still neuroprotective and correlates with apoptosis. At the same time, hypothermia also establishes a lasting inhibitory effect on the activation of astrogliosis.
Temporal and spatial expression of polygalacturonase gene family members reveals divergent regulation during fleshy fruit ripening and abscission in the monocot species oil palm
Authors: Roongsattham Peerapat , Morcillo Fabienne , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan , Pizot Maxime , Moussu Steven , Jayaweera Dasuni , Collin Myriam , Gonzalez-Carranza Zinnia H , Amblard Philippe , Tregear James W , Tragoonrung Somvong , Verdeil Jean-Luc , Tranbarger Timothy J 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Cell separation that occurs during fleshy fruit abscission and dry fruit dehiscence facilitates seed dispersal, the final stage of plant reproductive development. While our understanding of the evolutionary context of cell separation is limited mainly to the eudicot model systems tomato and Arabidopsis, less is known about the mechanisms underlying fruit abscission in crop species, monocots in particular. The polygalacturonase (PG) multigene family encodes enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of pectin homogalacturonan within the primary cell wall and middle lamella. PG activity is commonly found in the separation layers during organ abscission and dehiscence, however, little is known about how this gene family has diverged since the separation of monocot and eudicots and the consequence of this divergence on the abscission process.

Results
The objective of the current study was to identify PGs responsible for the high activity previously observed in the abscission zone (AZ) during fruit shedding of the tropical monocot oil palm, and to analyze PG gene expression during oil palm fruit ripening and abscission. We identified 14 transcripts that encode PGs, all of which are expressed in the base of the oil palm fruit. The accumulation of five PG transcripts increase, four decrease and five do not change during ethylene treatments that induce cell separation. One PG transcript (EgPG4) is the most highly induced in the fruit base, with a 700–5000 fold increase during the ethylene treatment. In situ hybridization experiments indicate that the EgPG4 transcript increases preferentially in the AZ cell layers in the base of the fruit in response to ethylene prior to cell separation.

Conclusions
The expression pattern of EgPG4 is consistent with the temporal and spatial requirements for cell separation to occur during oil palm fruit shedding. The sequence diversity of PGs and the complexity of their expression in the oil palm fruit tissues contrast with data from tomato, suggesting functional divergence underlying the ripening and abscission processes has occurred between these two fruit species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of EgPG4 with PGs from other species suggests some conservation, but also diversification has occurred between monocots and eudicots, in particular between dry and fleshy fruit species.