bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abrupt evolution of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute myeloid leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Fukunaga Akiko , Sakoda Hiroto , Iwamoto Yoshihiro , Inano Shojiro , Sueki Yuki , Yanagida Soshi , Arima Nobuyoshi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder arising from an alteration in multipotent stem cells, which lose the ability of normal proliferation and differentiation. Disease progression occurs in approximately 30% MDS cases. Specific chromosomal alterations seem responsible for each step in the evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Multiple genetic aberrations occur during the clonal evolution of MDS; however, few studies report the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. We report a rare case of Ph‐positive AML, which evolved during the course of low‐risk MDS. The patient, a 76‐year‐old man with mild leukocytopenia, was diagnosed with MDS, refractory neutropenia (RN). After 1.5 yr, his peripheral blood and bone marrow were suddenly occupied by immature basophils and myeloblasts, indicating the onset of AML. A bone marrow smear showed multilineage dysplasia, consistent with MDS evolution. Chromosomal analysis showed an additional t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation. Because progression occurred concurrently with emergence of the Ph chromosome, we diagnosed this case as Ph‐positive AML with basophilia arising from the clonal evolution of MDS. The patient was initially treated with nilotinib. A hematological response was soon achieved with disappearance of the Ph chromosome in the bone marrow. Emergence of Ph‐positive AML in the course of low‐risk MDS has rarely been reported. We report this case as a rare clinical course of MDS.
Basic haemoglobinopathy diagnostics in Dutch laboratories; providing an informative test result
Authors: Kaufmann J. O. , Smit J. W. , Huisman W. , Idema R. N. , Bakker E. , Giordano P. C. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIntroductionAfter a first survey in 2001, the Dutch Association of Hematological Laboratory Research (VHL) advised its members to adopt a basic protocol for haemoglobinopathy carrier detection and to provide genetic information with all positive results to allow health‐care professionals to inform carriers about potential genetic risks. This article reports on the compliance with these recommendations and their consequences.MethodsClinical chemists of all 106 Dutch laboratories were invited to answer a survey on patient population, diagnostic techniques used, (self‐reported) knowledge, use and effect of the additional information.ResultsThe average increase in diagnostic output was over 60% and the recommended basic protocol was applied by 65% of the laboratories. Over 84% of the laboratories reported to be aware of the additional recommendations and 77% to be using them. Most laboratories with limited diagnostic requests were still sending their cases to other laboratories and included the genetic information received from these laboratories in their diagnostic reports. The effect of information on subsequent ‘family analysis’ was estimated to be between 26 and 50%.ConclusionsThe present study shows an increase in diagnostic potential for haemoglobinopathy over the last decade, especially in the larger cities. Low ‘family testing’ rates were mostly found in areas with lower carrier prevalence or associated with local reluctance to pass the information to carriers. In spite of a dramatic improvement, too many carriers are still not informed because of lack of awareness among health‐care providers and more education is needed.
A novel filtration method for cord blood processing using a polyester fabric filter
Authors: Shima T. , Forraz N. , Sato N. , Yamauchi T. , Iwasaki H. , Takenaka K. , Akashi K. , McGuckin C. , Teshima T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIntroductionCord blood (CB) is being increasingly used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation to treat diseases of the blood and immune systems, and there is an urgent need to expand CB banking worldwide. CB processing requires costly machinery or a clean room that hampers wider application of CBT particularly in the developing countries.MethodsWe developed a novel filtration system using a nonchemical‐coated and nonwoven polyester fabric filter, which traps cells through affinity and does not require centrifugation or potentially toxic chemicals.ResultsCell processing with the device resulted in minimum cell loss of total cells and CD34+ cells, without impairing the ability of CD34+ cells to engraft and differentiate both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionCB processing with this device is simple, cost‐effective, and nontoxic without requiring costly equipment will thus facilitate international CB banking, which helps in meeting the increasing worldwide demand for CB for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Targeting gene expression to the female larval fat body of transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Totten D. C. , Vuong M. , Litvinova O. V. , Jinwal U. K. , Gulia‐Nuss M. , Harrell R. A. , Beneš H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAs the fat body is a critical tissue for mosquito development, metamorphosis, immune and reproductive system function, the characterization of regulatory modules targeting gene expression to the female mosquito fat body at distinct life stages is much needed for multiple, varied strategies for controlling vector‐borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. The hexameric storage protein, Hexamerin‐1.2, of the mosquito Aedes atropalpus is female‐specific and uniquely expressed in the fat body of fourth instar larvae and young adults. We have identified in the Hex‐1.2 gene, a short regulatory module that directs female‐, tissue‐, and stage‐specific lacZ reporter gene expression using a heterologous promoter in transgenic lines of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Male transgenic larvae and pupae of one line expressed no Escherichia coli β‐galactosidase or transgene product; in two other lines reporter gene activity was highly female‐biased. All transgenic lines expressed the reporter only in the fat body; however, lacZ mRNA levels were no different in males and females at any stage examined, suggesting that the gene regulatory module drives female‐specific expression by post‐transcriptional regulation in the heterologous mosquito. This regulatory element from the Hex‐1.2 gene thus provides a new molecular tool for transgenic mosquito control as well as functional genetic analysis in aedine mosquitoes.
Pathogenesis of clinical hyponatremia: observations of vasopressin and fluid intake in 100 hyponatremic medical patients
Authors: GROSS P. A. , PEHRISCH H. , RASCHER W. , SCHÖMIG A. , HACKENTHAL E. , RITZ E. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The pathogenesis of hyponatremia remains debated; therefore, we determined the roles of plasma vasopressin, fluid intake and renal free water excretion in hyponatremic medical patients. We evaluated 100 consecutive hypo‐osmolar hyponatremic patients (PNa = 127 ± 0·7 mm l−1) in a prospective manner. We observed: (i) hyponatremia was often found in association with advanced congestive cardiac failure (twenty‐five of 100 patients), liver cirrhosis (16%) and primary volume contraction (29%). There was a 17% in‐hospital mortality of hyponatremic patients. This was primarily related to the severity of underlying illnesses rather than to hyponatremia per se. (ii) The most consistently observed laboratory finding of hyponatremia was non‐osmotic vasopressin stimulation; mean observed PADH was 4·7 ± 0·7 pg ml−1 and vasopressin was detectable by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 91% of all patients. (iii) In addition to vasopressin stimulation we also found evidence of advanced ‘circulatory underfilling’ in most hyponatremic patients. (iv) Mean urinary osmolality was hypertonic to plasma (441 ± 17·4 mOsm kg H2O−1). This applied to patients with hyponatremic cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis and volume contraction. Almost all of these patients received high ceiling diuretics. (v) Spontaneous mean daily fluid intake was 2·4 ± 0·2 1.In summary, our findings suggest that disturbances of vasopressin, fluid intake and renal free water excretion co‐operate in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia. In clinical states of advanced circulatory underfilling the occurrence of hyponatremia indicates a poor prognosis of the patient.
Altered bile acid profiles in duodenal bile and urine in diabetic subjects
Authors: ANDERSÉN E. , KARLAGANIS G. , SJÖVALL J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The bile acid composition in duodenal bile was analysed in 22 diet‐treated and 11 insulin‐treated middle‐aged patients with diabetes mellitus and in 20 normoglycaemic controls. In 10 subjects with diabetes mellitus the bile acid profile in urine was also investigated. In the non‐insulin‐dependent diabetic patients the percentage of cholic acid was reduced and that of deoxycholic acid increased. As a highly significant finding there was a three‐fold increase of the percentage of 12‐ketolithocholic acid in duodenal bile in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics, whereas the bile acid composition in insulin‐dependent diabetics was similar to that in a control group.The percentage of 12‐ketolithocholic acid in duodenal bile was positively correlated to the percentage in urine. In nine of the subjects studied, 12‐ketolithocholic acid was the major individual bile acid in urine. It constituted 36·3 ± 4·4% of the bile acids analysed and the excretion was 6·1 ± 2·3 μmol 24 h−1. Together with 3α, 12β‐dihydroxy‐5β‐cholanoic acid it was predominantly present in the glycine conjugate fraction, whereas in bile its conjugation was similar to that of the other bile acids.The results may reflect an increased formation of secondary bile acids from cholic acid combined with a metabolic disturbance in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics affecting the oxidoreduction of bile acids at C‐12.
Evolution of the population of very strong Mg II absorbers
Authors: Rodríguez Hidalgo Paola , Wessels Kaylan , Charlton Jane C. , Narayanan Anand , Mshar Andrew , Cucchiara Antonino , Jones Therese 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We present a study of the evolution of several classes of Mg ii absorbers, and their corresponding Fe ii absorption, over a large fraction of cosmic history: 2.3–8.7 Gyr from the big bang. Our sample consists of 87 strong ( Å) Mg ii absorbers, with redshifts 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 2.5, measured in 81 quasar spectra obtained from the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph archives of high-resolution spectra (R ∼ 45 000). No evolutionary trend in is found for moderately strong Mg ii absorbers ( Å). However, at lower redshifts we find an absence of very strong Mg ii absorbers (those with Å) with small ratios of equivalent widths of Fe ii to Mg ii. At high redshifts, very strong Mg ii absorbers with both small and large values are present. We compare our findings to a sample of 100 weak Mg ii absorbers ( Å) found in the same quasar spectra by Narayanan et al.
The main effect driving the evolution of very strong Mg ii systems is the difference between the kinematic profiles at low and high redshift. At high redshift, we observe that, among the very strong Mg ii absorbers, all of the systems with small ratios of Wr(Fe II)/Wr(Mg II) have relatively large velocity spreads, resulting in less saturated profiles. At low redshift, such kinematically spread systems are absent, and both Fe ii and Mg ii are saturated, leading to Wr(Fe II)/Wr(Mg II) values that are all close to 1. The high redshift, small Wr(Fe II)/Wr(Mg II) systems could correspond to sub-damped Lyman α systems, many of which have large velocity spreads and are possibly linked to superwinds in star-forming galaxies. In addition to the change in saturation due to kinematic evolution, the smaller Wr(Fe II)/Wr(Mg II) values could be due to a lower abundance of Fe at high redshifts, which would indicate relatively early stages of star formation in those environments.
Analysing responses to climate change through the lens of reflexivity
Authors: Davidson Debra 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSociologists are increasingly directing attention toward social responses to climate change. As is true of any new field of inquiry, theoretical frameworks guiding the research to date have room for improvement. One advance could be achieved through closer engagement with Reflexivity Theory, particularly the work ofMargaretArcher, who asks just how individuals come to give attention to certain problems, and formulate responses to them. Individuals vary significantly in regard to their understanding of and concern for anthropogenic climate change, and these standpoints in turn influence commitment to mitigation and adaptation. The emergent social interactions among all such agents in turn influence the morphogenetic trajectories through which social structures will evolve, but the role of ‘meta‐reflexives’ is particularly crucial. Identifying pathways of individual climate change reflexivity can make a valuable contribution to our understanding of the potential for and nature of collective responses. In this paper, I explore climate change reflexivity, with particular attention to climate change meta‐reflexives, through a qualitative analysis of personal interviews with residents of two small communities inAlberta,Canada.ApplyingReflexivityTheory to this context articulates dimensions of reflexive processing not elaborated in current theoretical treatments, including future outlook and comfort with uncertainty, among others.
Object‐oriented sociology and organizing in the face of emergency:BrunoLatour,GrahamHarman and the material turn
Authors: Pierides Dean , Woodman Dan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the material turn in sociology and the tools it provides for understanding organizational problems highlighted by theRoyalCommission into the 2009 ‘BlackSaturday’ bushfires during which 173 people died in theAustralianState ofVictoria. Often inspired byBrunoLatour's material‐semiotic sociology of associations, organization scholars employing these tools focus on the messy details of organization otherwise overlooked by approaches assuming a macroscopic frame of analysis. InLatour's approach no object is reducible to something else – such as nature, the social, or atoms – it is instead a stabilized set of relations. ALatourian approach allows us to highlight how theRoyalCommission and macroscopic models of organizing do unwitting damage to their objects of inquiry by purifying the ‘natural’ from the ‘social’. Performative elements in their schemas are mistaken for descriptive ones. However, a long standing critique of this approach claims that it becomes its own form of reduction, to nothing but relations.GrahamHarman, in his object‐oriented philosophy develops this critique by showing that a ‘relationist’ metaphysics cannot properly accommodate the capacity of ‘objects’ to cause or mediate surprises. Through our case of theVictorianBushfiresRoyalCommission, we argue that a purely relational model of objects loosens a productive tension between the structural and ephemeral that drives sociological analysis. By drawing on elements ofHarman's ontology of objects we argue that it is necessary for material‐semiotic sociology to retain a central place for the emergence of sociological objects.
Community organization moderates the effect of alcohol outlet density on violence
Authors: Pridemore William Alex , Grubesic Tony H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere is growing evidence from multiple disciplines that alcohol outlet density is associated with community levels of assault. Based on the theoretical and empirical literatures on social organization and crime, we tested the hypothesis that the association between alcohol outlet density and neighbourhood violence rates is moderated by social organization. Using geocoded police data on assaults, geocoded data on the location of alcohol outlets, and controlling for several structural factors thought to be associated with violence rates, we tested this hypothesis employing negative binomial regression with our sample of 298 block groups in Cincinnati. Our results revealed direct effects of alcohol outlet density and social organization on assault density, and these effects held for different outlet types (i.e., off‐premise, bars, restaurants) and levels of harm (i.e., simple and aggravated assaults). More importantly, we found that the strength of the outlet‐assault association was significantly weaker in more socially organized communities. Subsequent analyses by level of organization revealed no effects of alcohol outlet density on aggravated assaults in organized block groups, but significant effects in disorganized block groups. We found no association between social (dis)organization and outlet density. These results clarify the community‐level relationship between alcohol outlets and violence and have important implications for municipal‐level alcohol policies.
Bi‐directional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease
Authors: Armitage Gary C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDuring pregnancy profound perturbations in innate and adaptive immunity impact the clinical course of a number of infectious diseases, including those affecting periodontal tissues. Conversely, it has been suggested that periodontal infections may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this review, a summary of the literature associated with the bidirectional relationship between pregnancy and periodontal disease as well as the possible mechanisms behind this interaction were examined.
Decreased bone mineral density and periodontal management
Authors: Reddy Michael S. , Morgan Sarah L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe definition of osteoporosis has evolved beyond low bone mineral density to include impaired bone morphology and matrix properties. As such, the subsequent bone density insufficiencies extend beyond the skeletal risks of fracture and have implications for oral health management patients. As our population ages there is a worldwide increase in the risk of decreased bone mineral density and its subsequent morbidity. This makes age an independent risk factor for fracture and decreased bone mineral density. Multiple examinations and diagnostic tests are currently used in combination to develop an algorithm to assess osteoporotic risk. Oral health care professionals should follow these principles and caution should be used in applying a single independent assessment to determine a patient's osteoporotic or bone metabolism risk. Therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis are often divided into nonpharmacological interventions and pharmacological therapies. The periodontist and other oral health care professionals should have a full understanding of the therapeutic options, benefits and implementation of preventive therapies. Bone turnover is a coupled event of bone formation and bone resorption and it is the imbalance of this homeostasis that results in osteoporosis. Based on this uncoupling of bone resorption and formation, osteoporosis or decreased bone mineral density and osteopenia, may be a risk factor for alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. The role of prevention and maintenance with a history of periodontitis and oesteopenia extends beyond biofilm control and should include management of bone mineral density. The chronic periodontal infection in a patient with osteopenia may place the patient at greatly increased risk for alveolar bone loss, gingival recession and root caries. A key component in the management is the oral health professional's knowledge of the interrelationship between skeletal health and periodontal health.
Physiology of the female reproductive axis
Authors: Bates G. Wright , Bowling Meaghan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe female reproductive system contains two principal components: the uterus, which supports the developing fetus, and the ovaries, which produce the female gametes. This manuscript will review how the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus are integrated into the female reproductive system. The endocrinology of pregnancy, as well as a cursory overview of reproductive pathology, will be presented in each section. In addition, the most common endocrinopathy in women, polycystic ovarian syndrome, as well as the early loss of reproductive function, premature ovarian failure, will receive special mention.
Periodontal disease in men
Authors: Haytac M. Cenk , Ozcelik Onur , Mariotti Angelo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn relation to periodontal diseases associated with sex‐steroid hormones, men have been the forgotten sex. It is not surprising that there has been less scrutiny of the effects of sex‐steroid hormones in men considering the more striking changes that occur in women during different periods of their life. Despite the gingival inflammatory changes reported in women, men have been reported to have a higher prevalence of destructive periodontal diseases. The information presented in this review will provide a contemporary evaluation of male susceptibility to periodontal diseases.
Dental management of the female patient
Authors: Otomo‐Corgel Joan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHormonal changes throughout the life cycle of women affect the therapeutic decision‐making process of dentists. Recent research has provided an appreciation of how unique endocrine influences can affect oral, periodontal and peri‐implant tissues. As endocrine status may modify periodontal and oral tissue responses to treatment, it is imperative that clinicians recognize, customize and appropriately alter periodontal therapy according to the specific hormonal stage of women.
Effects of SofZia‐preserved travoprost and benzalkonium chloride‐preserved latanoprost on the ocular surface – a multicentre randomized single‐masked study
Authors: Aihara Makoto , Oshima Hiromi , Araie Makoto ,   for the EXTraKT study group
Published: December 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the effect of SofZia‐preserved travoprost on ocular surface conditions in comparison with benzalkonium chloride (BAK)‐preserved latanoprost.Methods:  A prospective randomized multicentre single‐masked comparative study. Patients with open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had been treated with BAK‐preserved latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan®) monotherapy for at least 3 months. Patients were enrolled at 23 facilities. Patients were randomly divided into the X‐X group, continuous use of Xalatan®, or the X‐T group, switching from Xalatan® to SofZia‐preserved travoprost 0.004% (TravatanZ®), and followed for 3 months. The superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK), conjunctival epitheliopathy, hyperaemia, tear break‐up time (TBUT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were examined for each patient in a masked manner. Changes in the frequency of keratoconjunctival epitheliopathy were evaluated 3 months after study initiation. Intra‐ and intergroup comparisons of changes in SPK, conjunctival epitheliopathy, hyperaemia, TBUT and IOP were also carried out.Results:  Two hundred twenty patients participated and 215 completed the 3‐month study. The frequency of keratoconjunctival epitheliopathy significantly decreased in the X‐T group (p = 0.036) and the intergroup difference was also significant (p = 0.001). SPK scores and TBUT were significantly improved in the X‐T group (p = 0.034, 0.049), also with significant intergroup differences in the cornea excluding the inferior area and TBUT. There were no significant intergroup differences in changes of the hyperaemia scores and the IOP reduction.Conclusion:  Switching to SofZia‐preserved travoprost after BAK‐preserved latanoprost resulted in a lower incidence of keratoconjunctival epitheliopathy, especially in the cornea, with no clinically relevant changes in hyperaemia and IOP.