bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Ligandless Cloud Point Extraction of Palladium from Water and Dust Samples
Authors: Mohammadi Sayed Zia , Mohammadnezhad Mohsen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this study, the phase-separation phenomenon ofnon-ionic surfactants was used for separation and preconcentration of Pd(II). The cloud point extraction(CPE) method is based on the formation of PdI2 which is then entrapped in the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. Ethanol acidified with 0.5 M HNO3 was added to the surfactant-rich phase prior to its analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The main factors affecting CPE efficiency, such as sample solution pH, concentration of iodide ion and Triton X-114, equilibration temperature and time, were all investigated and optimized. At optimum conditions, a calibration curve was constructed for the determination of palladium according to the ligandless CPE procedure. Linearity was maintained between 1.0 to 500.0 ng/mL. The LOD based on three times the SD of the blank divided by the slope of analytical curve, (3Sb/m) was 0.3 ng/mL. Seven replicatedeterminations of a solution containing of 4.0 μg palladium gave a mean absorbance of 0.359 with RSD ±1.85%. The high efficiency of CPE to carry out the determination of palladium in complex matrixes was demonstrated. The proposed method has beenapplied to the determination of trace amounts of palladium in a platinum-iridium alloy, water, and dust samples, with satisfactory results.
Modified Screen-Printed Ion Selective Electrodes for Potentiometric Determination of Sodium Dodecylsulfate in Different Samples
Authors: Ali Tamer Awad , Mohamed Gehad G 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fabrication and general performance characteristics of novel screen-printed sensors for potentiometric determination of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) are described. The sensors are based on the use of ion-association complexes of SDS with cetylpyridinium chloride (electrode I) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (electrode II) as exchange sites in a screen-printed electrode matrix. Electrodes (I) and (II) show fast, stable, and near-Nernstian response for the mono-charge anion of SDS over the concentration range of1 × 10–2 – 5.8 × 10–7 and 1 × 10–2 – 6.3 × 10–7 mol/L at 25°C and the pH range of 2.0–9.0 and 2.0–8.0 with anionic slope of 57.32 ± 0.81 and 56.58 ± 0.65 mV/decade, respectively. Electrodes (I) and (II) have lower LODs of 5.8 × 10–7 and 6.3 × 10–7 mol/L and response times of about 8 and 13 s, respectively. Shelf life of5 months for both electrodes is adequate. Selectivity coefficients of SDS related to a number of interfering cations, and some inorganic compounds were investigated. There were negligible interferences causedby most of the investigated species. The direct determination of 0.10–13.50 mg of SDS by electrodes (I) and (II) shows average recoveries of 99.96 and 99.85%, and mean RSDs of 0.83 and 1.04%, respectively. In the present investigation, both electrodes were used successfully as end point indicators for determination of SDS in pure pharmaceutical preparations and real spiked water samples. The results obtained using the proposed sensors to determine SDS in solution compared favorably with those obtained by thestandard addition method.
Validated HPLC-Diode Array Detector Method for Simultaneous Evaluation of Six Quality Markers in Coffee
Authors: Gant Anastasia , Leyva Vanessa E , Gonzalez Ana E , Maruenda Helena 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nicotinic acid, N-methylpyridinium ion, and trigonelline are well studied nutritional biomarkers present in coffee, and they are indicators of thermal decomposition during roasting. However, no method is yet available for their simultaneousdetermination. This paper describes a rapid and validated HPLC-diode array detector method for the simultaneous quantitation of caffeine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid, N-methylpyridinium ion,5-caffeoylquinic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural that is applicable to three coffee matrixes: green, roasted, and instant. Baseline separation among all compounds was achieved in 30 min using a phenyl-hexyl RP column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size), 0.3% aqueous formic buffer (pH 2.4)–methanol mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and a column temperature at 30°C. The method showed good linear correlation (r2 &gt; 0.9985), precision (less than 3.9%), sensitivity (LOD = 0.023–0.237 μg/mL; LOQ = 0.069–0.711 μg/mL), and recovery (84–102%)for all compounds. This simplified method is amenable for a more complete routine evaluation of coffee in industry.
Experimental study of survival of pedicled perforator flap with flow-through and flow-end blood supply
Authors: Wang Y , Chen S-Y , Gao W-Y , Ding J , Shi W , Feng X-L , Tao X-Y , Wang L , Ling D-S 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFlap viability after transfer depends on blood flow from the arterial blood supply below the fascia. This study evaluated survival of a pedicle flap with a perforator lateral branch and flow-through blood supply, compared with that of a flap with a flow-end blood supply and perforator terminal branch.MethodsForty Sprague–Dawley rats, 20 in each group, were assigned to transfer of a superficial epigastric artery pedicle island flap with a flow-through or flow-end configuration of blood supply. Laser Doppler imaging was used to evaluate flap perfusion 2 h, 3 days and 5 days after surgery. The rats were killed on day 5, and lead oxide–gelatine-enhanced flap angiography and histology with haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed. Dorsal midline tissue was excised for quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor by western blot assay.ResultsOn day 5 after surgery, the flow-through group exhibited a significantly greater mean(s.d.) flap survival area (97·8(3·5) versus 80·8(10·2) per cent; P = 0·003), microvascular density (303(19) versus 207(41) per mm2; P &lt; 0·001) and perfusion (8·64(0·14) versus 5·95(0·14) perfusion units; P &lt; 0·001) than the flow-end group. The flow-through group exhibited more angiosomes connected by dilated vascular anastomoses between the skin and subcutaneous fasciae.ConclusionThe flow-through blood supply improved pedicle perforator flap survival. Surgical relevancePerforator flap failure is mainly the result of impaired blood supply, as a flow-end blood configuration is nourished only by the perforator terminal branch of the artery.This work showed that the flow-through blood supply nourished by the perforator lateral branch improved flap survival, with dilatation of collateral vascular anastomoses and increased neoangiogenesis.The use of a flow-through configuration improves perforator flap survival and could therefore minimize morbidity resulting from flap necrosis.
Room Temperature CP Bond Formation Enabled by Merging Nickel Catalysis and Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Xuan Jun , Zeng Ting‐Ting , Chen Jia‐Rong , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel and efficient CP bond formation reaction of diarylphosphine oxides with aryl iodides was achieved by combining nickel catalysis and visible‐light‐induced photoredox catalysis. This dual‐catalytic reaction showed a broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Compared with the previously reported use of photoredox/nickel dual catalysis in the construction of CC bonds, the methodology described herein was observed to be the first to allow for C‐heteroatom bond formation.
Prefabricated masonry panel system with two‐component polyurethane adhesive / Vorgefertigte Mauertafeln mit Zweikomponenten‐Polyurethanklebstoff
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Graubohm Markus 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBuilding with factory‐prefabricated masonry panels made of clay units meanwhile has become a long‐established, field‐proven construction method. The advantages are shorter construction time for shell constructions, lower construction costs and uniform level of quality as well as high dimensional accuracy of the masonry panels and a production that is independent of weather influences. An innovation in the field of prefabricated masonry is the dry bonding method for prefabricated masonry panels made of clay units whereby, instead of a conventional thin layer mortar, a two‐component polyurethane adhesive (2C‐PUR) is applied by machine to the flat ground surface of the clay unit.In mid 2013, the Institute of Building Materials Research (ibac) in Aachen was commissioned by Redbloc Deutschland GmbH to carry out tests on masonry prefabricated with 2C‐PUR adhesive, to establish the necessary basis for obtaining a general technical approval (abZ) for masonry panels built according to the Redbloc system and thereby lay the foundations for using this new construction method in Germany.This article shall firstly give a survey of the test programme for the approval procedure agreed with the German building authority , Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik (DIBt), and present the key results obtained from the tests carried out in Aachen. Furthermore the individual steps from planning via production in the prefabrication plant right through to transport and assembling of the masonry panels at the building site will be presented, taking the example of the first prefabrication factory of Redbloc Elemente GmbH opened at Plattling in Germany in the meantime.
The bending strength of masonry / Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk
Authors: Schmidt Ulf , Bakeer Tammam , Jäger Wolfram , Brameshuber Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBending strength of masonry becomes an important design aspect especially when the walls subjected to lateral loads like, cellar walls which are subject to earth pressure, and façades/ infill walls which are exposed to the wind actions. Bending strength is required wherever the applied load is perpendicular to the wall. It is also required in non‐load‐bearing partition walls, where the load applied in both the normal and perpendicular directions. Besides, the tensile properties of the brick/block and lengthwise parameters related to geometry and materials technology also influence the bending strength of masonry. These include the thickness of the wall, the extent of overlap, and both the shear and the tensile strength of the bond. Consideration must also be given to the possible presence of mortar in the head joints, which can significantly increase bending strength, especially where joints fail. In addition to these materials technology factors, it is very important to observe the realistic influence of the boundary conditions. The degree of fixity is among the factors to be considered in calculation models. In this contribution, two aspects are going to be observed and analysed, namely: the principles of bearing capacity under lateral loading alongside the models derived from these for cellar walls and areas of infill; and the influence of materials technology/geometric parameters on the bending strength of masonry.
Nerve injury‐induced calcium channel alpha‐2‐delta‐1 protein dysregulation leads to increased pre‐synaptic excitatory input into deep dorsal horn neurons and neuropathic allodynia
Authors: Zhou C. , Luo Z.D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundUp‐regulation of voltage‐gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit post spinal nerve ligation (SNL) injury or in α2δ1‐overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice correlates with tactile allodynia, a pain state mediated mainly by Aβ sensory fibres forming synaptic connections with deep dorsal horn (DDH) neurons. It is not clear, however, whether dysregulated α2δ1 alters DDH synaptic neurotransmission that underlies tactile allodynia development post nerve injury.MethodsTactile allodynia was tested in the SNL and α2δ1 Tg models. Miniature excitatory/inhibitory post‐synaptic currents were recorded in DDH neurons from these animal models using whole‐cell patch clamp slice recording techniques.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature excitatory post‐synaptic currents (mEPSC) in DDH neurons that correlated with tactile allodynia in SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice. Gabapentin, an α2δ1 ligand that is known to block tactile allodynia in these models, also normalized mEPSC frequency dose‐dependently in DDH neurons from SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice. In contrast, neither frequency nor amplitude of miniature inhibitory post‐synaptic currents was altered in DDH neurons from SNL and α2δ1 Tg mice.ConclusionOur data suggest that α2δ1 dysregulation is highly likely contributing to tactile allodynia through a pre‐synaptic mechanism involving facilitation of excitatory synaptic neurotransmission in DDH of spinal cord.
Interventions to address deficits of pharmacological pain management in nursing home residents – A cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Könner F. , Budnick A. , Kuhnert R. , Wulff I. , Kalinowski S. , Martus P. , Dräger D. , Kreutz R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the effect of interventions for general practitioners and nursing home staff to improve pain severity and appropriateness of pain medication in nursing home residents (NHR).MethodsThis cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in six nursing homes in the intervention and control group, respectively. Pain management was analysed before (T0) and after (T1, T2) an educational intervention in 239 NHR, aged ≥65 years, without moderate or severe cognitive impairment. Primary and secondary outcomes were average pain severity and appropriateness of pain medication as determined with the Numeric Rating Scale and Pain Medication Appropriateness Scale (PMASD), respectively.ResultsAt T0, 72.2% and 73.7% of NHR (mean age 83 years) reported pain (average pain severity 2.4) in the intervention and control group, respectively. The PMASD at T0 was 53.9 in the intervention group and 60.8 in the control group (p = 0.12), while 20.6% compared to 6.9% (p = 0.009) received no pain medication in the two groups. At T2, non‐significant improvements in the average pain severity (1.59) and PMASD (61.07) were observed in the intervention group. Moreover, the mean individual PMASD increased by 8.09 (p = 0.03) and the proportion of NHR without pain medication decreased by 50% (p = 0.03) in the intervention group. No appreciable changes were found in the control group at T2.ConclusionsNHR exhibited a high prevalence of pain with overall low severity, while a high proportion of individuals received inappropriate pain medications. Both findings were not significantly improved by the intervention, although some aspects of drug treatment were meaningful improved.
INFANT TRANSPORT AMONG THE ALYAWARA TRIBE, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: Denham Woodrow W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTHE carrying of infants is one of the most obvious features of maternal behaviour among a great many mammalian species, including man, and being carried is vital to the survival of the young of all of those species. This article contains a brief introductory statement on the study of infant transport among human and non‐human populations, a detailed and comprehensive description of infant transport among the Alyawara tribe of Central Australia, and a comparison of the Alyawara data with that available for other human and non‐human primate populations. The article should be of interest to anthropologists and sociologists dealing with various aspects of socialization, to psychologists dealing with child development, and to zoologists dealing with maturation, social behaviour, and evolution. It should be of particular interest to those who focus on Australian Aboriginal peoples, human hunter‐gatherers, and primate social behaviour.
Review
Authors: James K. E. 
Published: February 2015

Early Tahiti: as the explorers saw it 1767–1797.: By Edwin N. Ferdon. Arizona, the University of Arizona Press. 1981. Pp. xvi + 371.Tahiti: La Vie de Chaque Jour. By Patrick O'Reilly. Paris, Tahiti Nouvèlles Éditions Latines. 1982. Pp. 371.
Review
Authors: Cowlishaw Gill 
Published: February 2015

Yugul: An Arnhem Land Cattle Station. By Stephen Thiele. The Australian National University North Australia Research Unit Monograph. Darwin, 1982. Pp. xi + 73.Adelaide Aborigines: A Case Study of Urban Life. 1966–1981. By Fay Gale and Joy Wundersitz. A.N.U. Press, Canberra, 1982. Pp. xxvii + 191. Price $A12.00.
CULTURE AS TRANSFORMED DISORDER: COSMOLOGICAL EVOCATIONS AMONG THE MARING
Authors: Healey Christopher J. 
Published: February 2015

Melanesian cosmologies typically lack clearly articulated formulation and an explicit exergetical tradition. Symbolic relations often remain implicit, with indeterminate, rather than fixed or static relations between categories. Through the use of ethnographic data on the Maring of the Papua New Guinea Highlands the paper argues that ‘cosmology’ should be analysed in terms of essentially subjective and contextually variable evocations, rather than in terms of definitive propositions. Further, it is argued that cosmologies are not revealed exclusively in the religious or ritual domain. Accordingly, data employed in the analysis are drawn from the interconnected Maring realms of knowledge of mythology, zoological lore and taxonomy, and conceptions of the spirit world.Highly general and multivocal concepts dealing with nature and culture provide pervasive themes in Maring and other Melanesian cosmologies. Analysis centres on the interplay between these concepts, arguing against any fixed and hierarchical relationship. Rather, the paper advocates an analytic approach which conceives a set of relationships between nature and culture being generative of others, such that the relationship between elements of a cosmology may be viewed contextually as being in harmony or antiphony, transcending structuralist idioms of correspondence and opposition.
REVIEW
Authors: Read Peter 
Published: February 2015

Aborigines of the Albany Region 1821–1898. The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians. Volume VI. Compiled by Neville Green. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press. 1989. Pp. xiii + 211.Aborigines of New Norcia 1845–1914. The Bicentennial Dictionary of Western Australians. Volume VII. Compiled and edited by Neville Green and Lois Tilbrook. Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press. 1989. Pp. xxx + 216.
‘Circulating commodities’: reflections on the movement and meaning of shells and stories in North Australia and Eastern Indonesia1
Authors: Pannell Sandra 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAs Victor Turner (1974) so eloquently argues, symbols have the capacity to move people, in both emotional and physical terms. In this article, I explore the power of certain kinds of symbols, namely shells (trochus shell, Tectus niloticus) and stories, to do just this. Stories, I argue, construct pathways for the movement of people and objects. Shells too also evoke (e)motion through their ability to signify specific spheres of exchange and the relationships, identities and values which circulate within these domains. Importantly, stories and shells not only suggest movement but are themselves entities which are moved between differently valued social and political contexts. As things which are defined in terms of their high exchangeability quotient, shells and stories, at certain times in their biographies, correspond to Appadurai's (1986) notion of a commodity. Through an exploration of the commodity status and circulation of both shells and stories within the broad ethnographic context of Maluku Tenggara, Indonesia, I aim to challenge some of the commonly held beliefs and stories which are transmitted via the Australian media and along other lines of communication about the so‐called ‘problem’ of illegal Indonesian fishermen in north Australian waters.
Signifying Bereavement: Form and Context in the Analysis of Penan Death‐Names
Authors: Brosius J. Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA characteristic of the mortuary complexes of most central Bornean societies is the existence of systems of so‐called ‘death‐names’. Most death‐names are actually titles, given to persons on the death of a close relative. The most elaborate complex in Borneo exists among Western Penan hunter‐gatherers. This paper examines the Western Penan death‐name complex, with a view to addressing a basic issue of ethnographic description: how our definition of a phenomenon affects its translation. Previous treatments of death‐names have been based on assumptions about the systemic coherence of these complexes. This results in a detached, formalistic description that obscures the essential properties of the phenomenon: the affective force expressed in usage, the temporality inscribed in the process of appellation, and the social calculus that underlies decisions about the use of particular death‐names. A more appropriate entry point is one that begins with the context of death and bereavement, and frames decisions about usage with reference to the principles which Penan themselves invoke: the pull between affective position on the one hand, and curse avoidance on the other. Such an approach reveals more about the constitution of social being in Penan society than one based on a priori assumptions of systemic coherence.
REVIEW
Authors: Rowse Tim 
Published: February 2015

CAEPR Discussion Papers. Canberra: CAEPR The economic impact of mining moneys: the Nabarlek case, Western Arnhem Land. 1994 (63). By J.C. Altman and D.E. Smith.Implementing native title: economic lessons from the Northern Territory. 1994 (64). By J.C. Altman.Assessing the relative allocative efficiency of the Native Title Act 1993 and the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976. 1995 (79). By S.L. McKenna.Mineral development agreements negotiated by Aboriginal communities in the 1990s. 1995 (85). By C. O'Faircheallaigh.Negotiations between mining companies and Aboriginal Communities: process and structure. 1995 (86). By C. O'Faircheallaigh.Native Title Act 1993: implementation issues for resource developers. 1995 (88). By J.C. Altman.
Regional History and Ethnic Identity in the Hub of New Guinea: the Emergence of the Min1
Authors: Jorgensen Dan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTRecent approaches to the ethnography of Papua New Guinea stress the historicity of local cultures and their encompassment in larger fields of relations. In this paper I consider the historical and cultural background to the emergence of the ‘Min’ as a novel ethnic designation among the Mountain Ok peoples of the Fly‐Sepik headwaters. While Min identity draws much of its impetus from responses to mining operations and resistance to provincial governments, it is also clear that it grows out of a complex interaction between pre‐existing cultural identities, a history of colonial administration and Christian evangelism. Emerging at the intersection of local and global processes, Min identity constitutes a regionalization of ethnicity which has led to agitation for the creation of a Min province, producing a movement that may outlive its immediate political aims.
Review
Authors: Petersen Glenn 
Published: February 2015

Strangers in Their Own Land: A Century of Colonial Rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. By Francis X. Hezel, SJ Pacific Islands Monograph Series 13, University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Pp. xviii + 473. Price: US$38Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam. By Robert F. Rogers. University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Pp. xi + 380. Price: US$24.95