bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Georges Bataille et l'humour beckettien
Authors: Lacaux André 
Published: April 2013

De Bataille à Beckett, apparemment aucun lien ; sauf un article, d’autant plus intéressant, de Bataille dans sa revue, Critique , en 1951. Il y salue avec enthousiasme la parution de Molloy , roman d’un auteur encore inconnu : Samuel Beckett. Au-delà de l’intelligence très accueillante de Bataille et de ses aveuglements, ce pourrait être l’occasion de mettre en relation, à propos d’un texte, deux des plus marquants écrivains du xx e siècle. Qu’en peut-on tirer ? Des questions. Molloy est-il, comme le pense Bataille, une épave échappée de la société, de la raison, devenue presque acéphale ? N’est-il pas aussi un parlêtre, un « écrivêtre » agité par un monologue sans repos qui ne laisse ni le temps, ni l’espace, ni un corps libre pour se stabiliser, mais seulement pour écrire ? N’y a-t-il pas dans ce récit large place faite par l’ambiguïté, le comique, l’humour à la subjectivité du lecteur, à sa jouissance ? Le choix de Bataille de ne pas en tenir compte accentue la différence.
Introduction An Ethic for Corporate Governance?
Authors: Collier Jane , Roberts John 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Corporate governance is a complex and contested issue, and its ambiguities become even more problematic when ethical considerations are taken into account. This introduction attempts to address these complexities, to illuminate their ethical aspects, and to situate the eight papers presented here within what we believe to be an integrative heuristic framework.The dominant theoretical perspective on governance relationships and their associated problems is to be found within economics, and in particular within agency theory. With the separation of ownership from control (Berle and Means 1932) a potential problem arises in the context of what is now constituted as a relationship between the owners (principals) and directors (their agents). How can the principals ensure that the agents are serving the owners’ interests rather than their own? Against the backdrop of the assumption of an essentially self-seeking, opportunistic human nature only market discipline, monitoring, and incentives can be used to align agent behavior with the interests of the distant and/or absent shareholder understood as the owner.In recent years there has developed a perspective that runs counter to this theorization of the key governance relationship and its problem. The elaboration of so-called stakeholder views of the corporation (Freeman 1993, Blair 1995) argues both empirically and normatively that there is a wider range of relevant relationships, and thus a greater number of interests at stake in the governance of the corporation. It is not only shareholders who have made firm-specific investments in the organization, but also employees, suppliers, and customers, and their interests must therefore also be taken account of in the constitution and conduct of corporate governance. Associated with this view is a very different conception of the director as steward (Davis et al. 1997) or trustee of the corporation (Kay 1996), where the corporation is conceived, not as a set of ownership rights accruing to those who assume the residual risk of a business, but as a social institution. From this perspective the duties of directors lie in aligning and balancing a wide variety of potentially competitive interests within the corporation.
Diagnosing Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Fabry Disease
Authors: Bodamer Olaf A. , Johnson Britt , Dajnoki Angela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder due to deficiency of alpha galactosidase A (GLA). Progressive, intralysosomal accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids in endothelial cells and podocytes leads to multi‐organ involvement in affected males and to a lesser extent in affected females. Diagnosis of FD is based on GLA analysis in leukocytes or dried blood spots (DBS) in FD males while GLA activities may be within the normal range in FD females. The advent of fluorometric and mass spectrometry methods for enzyme analysis in DBS has simplified the diagnostic approach for FD males, facilitating high‐throughput screening of at risk populations and newborn infants. However, the diagnostic mainstay for FD females remains molecular analysis of the GLA gene. The following unit will provide the detailed analytical protocol for measurement of GLA activity in DBS using tandem mass spectrometry. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 77:17.13.1‐17.13.7. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intrinsic Acid–Base Properties of a Hexa‐2′‐deoxynucleoside Pentaphosphate, d(ApGpGpCpCpT): Neighboring Effects and Isomeric Equilibria
Authors: Domínguez‐Martín Alicia , Johannsen Silke , Sigel Astrid , Operschall Bert P. , Song Bin , Sigel Helmut , Okruszek Andrzej , González‐Pérez Josefa María , Niclós‐Gutiérrez Juan , Sigel Roland K. O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe intrinsic acid‐base properties of the hexa‐2′‐deoxynucleoside pentaphosphate, d(ApGpGpCpCpT) [=(A1⋅G2⋅G3⋅C4⋅C5⋅T6)=(HNPP)5−] have been determined by 1H NMR shift experiments. The pKa values of the individual sites of the adenosine (A), guanosine (G), cytidine (C), and thymidine (T) residues were measured in water under single‐strand conditions (i.e., 10 % D2O, 47 °C, I=0.1 M, NaClO4). These results quantify the release of H+ from the two (N7)H+ (G⋅G), the two (N3)H+ (C⋅C), and the (N1)H+ (A) units, as well as from the two (N1)H (G⋅G) and the (N3)H (T) sites. Based on measurements with 2′‐deoxynucleosides at 25 °C and 47 °C, they were transferred to pKa values valid in water at 25 °C and I=0.1 M. Intramolecular stacks between the nucleobases A1 and G2 as well as most likely also between G2 and G3 are formed. For HNPP three pKa clusters occur, that is those encompassing the pKa values of 2.44, 2.97, and 3.71 of G2(N7)H+, G3(N7)H+, and A1(N1)H+, respectively, with overlapping buffer regions. The tautomer populations were estimated, giving for the release of a single proton from five‐fold protonated H5(HNPP)±, the tautomers (G2)N7, (G3)N7, and (A1)N1 with formation degrees of about 74, 22, and 4 %, respectively. Tautomer distributions reveal pathways for proton‐donating as well as for proton‐accepting reactions both being expected to be fast and to occur practically at no “cost”. The eight pKa values for H5(HNPP)± are compared with data for nucleosides and nucleotides, revealing that the nucleoside residues are in part affected very differently by their neighbors. In addition, the intrinsic acidity constants for the RNA derivative r(A1⋅G2⋅G3⋅ C4⋅C5⋅U6), where U=uridine, were calculated. Finally, the effect of metal ions on the pKa values of nucleobase sites is briefly discussed because in this way deprotonation reactions can easily be shifted to the physiological pH range.
Surprisingly little population genetic structure in a fungus‐associated beetle despite its exploitation of multiple hosts
Authors: Wood Corlett W. , Donald Hannah M. , Formica Vincent A. , Brodie Edmund D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn heterogeneous environments, landscape features directly affect the structure of genetic variation among populations by functioning as barriers to gene flow. Resource‐associated population genetic structure, in which populations that use different resources (e.g., host plants) are genetically distinct, is a well‐studied example of how environmental heterogeneity structures populations. However, the pattern that emerges in a given landscape should depend on its particular combination of resources. If resources constitute barriers to gene flow, population differentiation should be lowest in homogeneous landscapes, and highest where resources exist in equal proportions. In this study, we tested whether host community diversity affects population genetic structure in a beetle (Bolitotherus cornutus) that exploits three sympatric host fungi. We collected B. cornutus from plots containing the three host fungi in different proportions and quantified population genetic structure in each plot using a panel of microsatellite loci. We found no relationship between host community diversity and population differentiation in this species; however, we also found no evidence of resource‐associated differentiation, suggesting that host fungi are not substantial barriers to gene flow. Moreover, we detected no genetic differentiation among B. cornutus populations separated by several kilometers, even though a previous study demonstrated moderate genetic structure on the scale of a few hundred meters. Although we found no effect of community diversity on population genetic structure in this study, the role of host communities in the structuring of genetic variation in heterogeneous landscapes should be further explored in a species that exhibits resource‐associated population genetic structure.
Population differentiation of the African cyprinid Barbus neumayeri across dissolved oxygen regimes
Authors: Harniman Robert , Merritt Thomas J. S. , Chapman Lauren J. , Lesbarrères David , Martinez Mery L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPopulation level response to hypoxia has become an issue of global significance because of increased frequency and intensity of hypoxic events worldwide, and the potential for global warming to exacerbate hypoxic stress. In this study, we sequenced two nuclear intronic regions and a single mitochondrial region across seven populations of the African cyprinid, Barbus neumayeri from two river drainages in Uganda: the Rwembaita Swamp‐Njuguta River System and the Dura River. We then examined two indices of population structure, GST and Jost's D, to detect links between oxygen availability and genetic variation and to determine if population genetic structure was associated with (i) dissolved oxygen regime (hypoxia or normoxia), (ii) geographical distance, or (iii) a combination of dissolved oxygen regime and geographical distance. Our results indicate that over a large scale (between drainages), geographical distance significantly affects the genetic structure of populations. However, within a single drainage, dissolved oxygen regime plays a key role in determining the genetic structure of populations. Within the Rwembaita‐Njuguta system, gene flow was high between locations of similar oxygen regimes, but low between areas characterized by divergent oxygen regimes. Interestingly, GST analyses appear to yield less realistic measures of population structure than Jost's D, suggesting that caution must be taken when interpreting and comparing the results from different studies. These results support the idea that aquatic dissolved oxygen can act as a selective force limiting gene flow among populations of aquatic species and therefore should be considered when implementing conservation plans and assessing environmental impact of human activities.
Two‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Robust Temperature Control of Peltier Device Based on Heat Disturbance Observer
Authors: Morimitsu Hidetaka , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRecently, the Peltier device has been attracting attention as a haptic device that can transfer heat, because it has relatively fast response characteristics among thermal devices. To transmit thermal sensation, temperature control is considered to be important. However, it is difficult to design a controller because of factors such as parameter variations, nonlinear characteristics of the device, and heat that flows from an external object. Furthermore, it is preferable that the tracking performance and disturbance suppression characteristics be designed independently. To address these factors, this paper proposes a heat disturbance observer, which is constructed by using the disturbance observer commonly used in the field of motion control. When the observer is used, the thermal system becomes robust to the above‐mentioned factors. In addition, it is possible to design the tracking performance independently of the disturbance suppression characteristics. The validity of the proposal is confirmed by experimental results. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 66–74, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22282
Characterization and ecological risk assessment of nanoparticulate CeO2 as a diesel fuel catalyst
Authors: Batley Graeme E. , Halliburton Brendan , Kirby Jason K. , Doolette Casey L. , Navarro Divina , McLaughlin Mike J. , Veitch Colin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Nanoparticulate cerium dioxide (nano-CeO2), when combusted as an additive to diesel fuel, was transformed from 6 nm to 14 nm sizes into particles near 43 nm, with no obvious change in the unit cell dimensions or crystalline form. Cerium sulfate, if formed during combustion, was below detection limits. Ceria nanoparticles were agglomerated within the soot matrix, with a mean aerodynamic diameter near 100 nm. The dissolution of cerium from the dried ceria catalyst in synthetic soft water was extremely small (&lt;0.0006% or &lt;0.2 µg Ce/L), with particles being highly agglomerated (&lt;450 nm). Agglomeration was reduced in the presence of humic acid. In the combusted samples, soot was dominant, and the solubility of cerium in soft water showed an almost 100-fold increase in the &lt;1 nm fraction compared to that before combustion. It appeared that the nano-CeO2 remained agglomerated within the soot matrix and would not be present as dispersed nanoparticles in aquatic or soil environments. Despite the increased dissolution, the solubility was not sufficient for the combusted ceria to represent a risk in aquatic ecosystems. The predicted environmental concentrations were still orders of magnitude below the predicted no effects concentration of near 1 mg/L. In the soil environment, any cerium released from soot materials would interact with natural colloids, decreasing cerium concentrations in soil solutions and further minimizing the potential risk to soil organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1896–1905. © 2013 SETAC
On the capacity of the cognitive interference channel with a common cognitive message
Authors: Rini S. , Huppert C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the cognitive interference channel with a common message, a variation of the classical cognitive interference channel in which the cognitive message is decoded at both receivers, is studied. For this channel model, new outer and inner bounds are developed as well as new capacity results for both the discrete memoryless and the Gaussian case. The outer bounds are derived using bounding techniques originally developed by Sato for the classical interference channel, and Nair and El Gamal for the broadcast channel. A general inner bound is obtained combining rate‐splitting, superposition coding, and binning. Inner and outer bounds are shown to coincide in the ‘very strong interference’ and the ‘primary decodes cognitive’ regimes. The first regime consists of channels in which there is no loss of optimality in having both receivers decode both messages, whereas in the latter regime, interference pre‐cancellation at the cognitive receiver achieves capacity. Capacity for the Gaussian channel is shown to within a constant additive gap and a constant multiplicative factor. The first result well characterises the capacity at high signal‐to‐noise ratio, whereas the latter at low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus among patients with acute diarrhea in Guatemala
Authors: Estévez Alejandra , Arvelo Wences , Hall Aron J. , López María R. , López Beatriz , Reyes Lissette , Moir Juan Carlos , Gregoricus Nicole , Vinjé Jan , Parashar Umesh D. , Lindblade Kim A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNoroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhea in industrialized countries. To study the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoVs in Guatemala, stool specimens were collected from hospitalized and ambulatory patients presenting with diarrhea (≥3 loose or liquid stools in a 24‐hr period) who were enrolled in a prospective surveillance system in the Departments of Santa Rosa (October 2007 to August 2010) and Quetzaltenango (August 2009 to August 2010), Guatemala. Specimens were tested for rotavirus, enteric bacteria, and parasites by routine methods and for genogroups I and II NoV by real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR. A total of 2,403 stool specimens were collected from hospitalized (n = 528) and ambulatory patients (n = 1,875). Overall, 341 (14%) samples tested positive for NoVs including 114 (22%) hospitalized and 227 (12%) ambulatory patients. NoVs disease peaked during the winter (November–January) months. Among the 341 NoVs‐positive patients, 32 (9%) were also positive for rotavirus, 32 (9%) for bacteria, and 9 (3%) for protozoa. Nucleotide sequences were obtained from 84 samples collected from hospitalized children aged <5 years of age, which could be grouped into nine GII and three GI genotypes with GII.4 (74%) and GI.8 (10%) being the most common. This is the first study on the prevalence of NoVs among hospitalized and ambulatory patients with diarrhea in Guatemala. The findings highlight the need to implement laboratory diagnostics for NoVs to improve appropriate clinical management of diarrheal diseases and guide vaccine development. J. Med. Virol. 85:1293–1298, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Materials as Additives for Melt‐Extruded Flame Retardant Polypropylene
Authors: Hofmann Daniel , Wartig Karen‐Alessa , Thomann Ralf , Dittrich Bettina , Schartel Bernhard , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFunctionalized graphene nanosheets TRGO and MLG 250, prepared from thermally reduced graphite oxide, represent attractive carbon additives for improving the performance of flame retardant polypropylene (PP‐FR). The influence of carbon nanofiller type and content on morphology, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties as well as the fire behavior of melt‐extruded PP‐FR is investigated. In contrast to conventional nano‐ and micron‐sized carbon fillers such as expanded graphite (EG 40), nano‐scaled carbon black (CB), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT), only TRGO and MLG 250 afford uniform dispersion combined with simultaneously improved stiffness (+80%), electrical conductivity (3 × 10−5 S · cm−1) and enhanced flame retardancy of PP‐FR, as expressed by lower peak heat release rate (−76%).
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese adolescent and adult patients
Authors: Holterman Ai‐Xuan L. , Guzman Grace , Fantuzzi Giamila , Wang Huaping , Aigner Kristin , Browne Allen , Holterman Mark 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectives:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly an indication for liver transplantation in adults. While severe obesity (SO, BMI ≥40 kg m−2) in adults is long standing, it is recent in duration in adolescents. With adolescent obesity on the rise, NAFLD is becoming the most frequent liver disease in adolescents. The hypothesis that SO adolescents and adults have different severity of NAFLD because of longer duration of obesity in SO adults was tested.Design and Methods:Preoperative clinical data, NAFLD activity and NASH (Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) scores from intraoperative liver biopsies were extracted from a prospective database of consecutively operated SO adolescents and adults (n = 24 each). Fasting preoperative serum inflammatory mediators were evaluated by ELISA.Results:Other than age, baseline BMI, ethnicity and gender distribution, the incidence and extent of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome were comparable between groups. Histologic scores for steatosis and inflammation were similar. Adolescents have significantly higher NASH incidence, hepatocyte injury scores and fibrosis. This was associated with higher serum C‐reactive protein and sCD14 levels.Conclusion:For comparable BMI and metabolic profile, SO adolescents have more advanced liver damage, more severe systemic inflammation, suggesting differences in NAFLD etiologies and more aggressive disease progression in the young obese population.
Dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill extract prevents diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats
Authors: Vincent Mylène , Philippe Erwann , Everard Amandine , Kassis Nadim , Rouch Claude , Denom Jessica , Takeda Yorihiko , Uchiyama Shoji , Delzenne Nathalie M. , Cani Patrice D. , Migrenne Stéphanie , Magnan Christophe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Dietary supplement may potentially help to fight obesity and other metabolic disorders such as insulin‐resistance and low‐grade inflammation. The present study aimed to test whether supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill (ABM) extract could have an effect on diet‐induced obesity in rats.Design and Methods:Wistar rats were fed with control diet (CD) or high‐fat diet (HF) and either with or without supplemented ABM for 20 weeks.Results:HF diet‐induced body weight gain and increased fat mass compared to CD. In addition HF‐fed rats developed hyperleptinemia and insulinemia as well as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In HF‐fed rats, visceral adipose tissue also expressed biomarkers of inflammation. ABM supplementation in HF rats had a protective effect against body weight gain and all study related disorders. This was not due to decreased food intake which remained significantly higher in HF rats whether supplemented with ABM or not compared to control. There was also no change in gut microbiota composition in HF supplemented with ABM. Interestingly, ABM supplementation induced an increase in both energy expenditure and locomotor activity which could partially explain its protective effect against diet‐induced obesity. In addition a decrease in pancreatic lipase activity is also observed in jejunum of ABM‐treated rats suggesting a decrease in lipid absorption.Conclusions:Taken together these data highlight a role for ABM to prevent body weight gain and related disorders in peripheral targets independently of effect in food intake in central nervous system.
Inhibition of the LKB1–AMPK pathway by the Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded LMP1 promotes proliferation and transformation of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells
Authors: Lo Angela Kwok‐Fung , Lo Kwok‐Wai , Ko Chun‐Wai , Young Lawrence S , Dawson Christopher W 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe association of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection with the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is well established. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), the major oncogene encoded by EBV, is believed to play a crucial role in NPC pathogenesis by virtue of its ability to constitutively activate multiple cell signalling pathways. The LKB1–AMPK pathway is a master regulator of cellular metabolism that, via modulation of energy metabolism, has tumour suppressor activity. In this study we identify a novel ability of LMP1 to inhibit the LKB1–AMPK pathway through phosphorylation of LKB1 at serine 428 with subsequent suppression of the phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrates, ACC and Raptor. We show that MEK/ERK–MAPK signalling, activated by the CTAR1 domain of LMP1, is responsible for LKB1–AMPK inactivation. In addition, reactivation of AMPK signalling by AMPK activator, AICAR, abolished LMP1‐induced cellular transformation (proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth) in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that a low level of phosphorylated AMPK is common in primary NPC specimens, and that this correlated significantly with the expression of LMP1. AICAR treatment inhibited the proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth of NPC cells as well as potentiating the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutic drug 5‐fluorouracil. The current findings demonstrate that LMP1‐mediated AMPK inactivation contributes to the proliferation and transformation of epithelial cells, thereby implicating the LKB1–AMPK pathway in the EBV‐driven pathogenesis of NPC. Our findings also suggest that AMPK activators could be used to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of local and metastatic NPC. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.