bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanadium‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Nitriles by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Früh Natalja , Togni Antonio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe direct electrophilic trifluoromethylation of silyl ketene imines (SKIs) with hypervalent iodine reagents leads to the formation of quaternary α‐trifluoromethyl nitriles in good yields. This new reaction has been carried out with a variety of substituted SKIs under solvent‐free conditions using a vanadium(IV) catalyst (5 mol %). The corresponding products may be transformed into useful organofluorine building blocks.
Dimeric Tetrathiafulvalene Linked to pseudo‐ortho‐[2.2]Paracyclophane: Chiral Electrochromic Properties and Use as a Chiral Dopant
Authors: Kobayakawa Kosuke , Hasegawa Masashi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Endo Junta , Matsuzawa Hideyo , Sako Katsuya , Yoshida Jun , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA dimeric tetrathiafulvalene installed into a chiral pseudo‐ortho‐[2.2]paracyclophane framework was synthesized as a novel chiral electrochromic material. This compound exhibited pronounced chiroptical properties in the UV‐Vis‐NIR range depending on its redox states without racemization. Each enantiomer was examined as a chiral dopant for nematic liquid crystals (LCs), and the induced helicity of the LC solvent was in accord with that of the tetrathiafulvalene compound.
Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles in Glycerol: A Convenient Catalyst for Cross‐Coupling and Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Processes
Authors: Chahdoura Faouzi , Pradel Christian , Gómez Montserrat 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWell‐defined and small copper(I) oxide nanoparticles stabilised by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in neat glycerol have been synthesised under a dihydrogen atmosphere. The as‐prepared material has been successfully applied in Cheteroatom couplings and azide–alkyne cycloadditions to give the desired products selectively with isolated yields higher than 90 %. Different amines have been used in the CN couplings, which include aqueous ammonia, that led to the synthesis of anilines. Mono‐1,4‐disubstituted triazoles and also bis‐ and tris(triazoles) have been obtained by the regioselective Cu‐catalysed Huisgen reaction, which comprises the synthesis of dissymmetrical substituted bis(triazoles). The catalytic glycerol phase could be recycled at least ten times and keeps its activity and selectivity. Moreover this versatile catalyst allowed tandem cycloaddition/CN coupling processes to give the corresponding polyfunctional products in a high global yield without the isolation of intermediates.
Guest Modulation of Spin‐Crossover Transition Temperature in a Porous Iron(II) Metal–Organic Framework: Experimental and Periodic DFT Studies
Authors: Aravena Daniel , Castillo Zulema Arcís , Muñoz M. Carmen , Gaspar Ana B. , Yoneda Ko , Ohtani Ryo , Mishima Akio , Kitagawa Susumu , Ohba Masaaki , Real José Antonio , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of three clathrate derivatives of the spin‐crossover porous coordination polymer {Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4]} (1) with five‐membered aromatic molecules furan, pyrrole, and thiophene is reported. The three derivatives have a cooperative spin‐crossover transition with hysteresis loops 14–29 K wide and average critical temperatures Tc=201 K (1⋅fur), 167 K (1⋅pyr), and 114.6 K (1⋅thio) well below that of the parent compound 1 (Tc=295 K), confirming stabilization of the HS state. The transition is complete and takes place in two steps for 1⋅fur, while 1⋅pyr and 1⋅thio show 50 % spin transition. For 1⋅fur the transformation between the HS and IS (middle of the plateau) phases occurs concomitantly with a crystallographic phase transition between the tetragonal space groups P4/mmm and I4/mmm, respectively. The latter space group is retained in the subsequent transformation involving the IS and the LS phases. 1⋅pyr and 1⋅thio display the tetragonal P4/mmm and orthorhombic Fmmm space groups, respectively, in both HS and IM phases. Periodic calculations using density functional methods for 1⋅fur, 1⋅pyr, 1⋅thio, and previously reported derivatives 1⋅CS2, 1⋅I, 1⋅bz(benzene), and 1⋅pz(pyrazine) have been carried out to investigate the electronic structure and nature of the host–guest interactions as well as their relationship with the changes in the LS–HS transition temperatures of 1⋅Guest. Geometry‐optimized lattice parameters and bond distances in the empty host 1 and 1⋅Guest clathrates are in general agreement with the X‐ray diffraction data. The concordance between the theoretical results and the experimental data also comprises the guest molecule orientation inside the host and intermolecular distances. Furthermore, a general correlation between experimental Tc and calculated LS–HS electronic energy gap was observed. Finally, specific host–guest interactions were studied through interaction energy calculations and crystal orbital displacement (COD) curve analysis.
White Emitters by Tuning the Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton‐Transfer Fluorescence Emission in 2‐(2′‐Hydroxybenzofuran)benzoxazole Dyes
Authors: Benelhadj Karima , Muzuzu Wenziz , Massue Julien , Retailleau Pascal , Charaf‐Eddin Azzam , Laurent Adèle D. , Jacquemin Denis , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, structural, and photophysical properties of a new series of original dyes based on 2‐(2′‐hydroxybenzofuran)benzoxazole (HBBO) is reported. Upon photoexcitation, these dyes exhibit intense dual fluorescence with contribution from the enol (E*) and the keto (K*) emission, with K* being formed through excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). We show that the ratio of emission intensity E*/K* can be fine‐tuned by judiciously decorating the molecular core with electron‐donating or ‐attracting substituents. Push–pull dyes 9 and 10 functionalized by a strong donor (nNBu2) and a strong acceptor group (CF3 and CN, respectively) exhibit intense dual emission, particularly in apolar solvents such as cyclohexane in which the maximum wavelength of the two bands is the more strongly separated. Moreover, all dyes exhibit strong solid‐state dual emission in a KBr matrix and polymer films with enhanced quantum yields reaching up to 54 %. A wise selection of substituents led to white emission both in solution and in the solid state. Finally, these experimental results were analyzed by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, which confirm that, on the one hand, only E* and K* emission are present (no rotamer) and, on the other hand, the relative free energies of the two tautomers in the excited state guide the ratio of the E*/K* emission intensities.
Anion‐Responsive Tunable Bulk‐Phase Homochirality and Luminescence of a Cationic Framework
Authors: Manna Biplab , Joarder Biplab , Desai Aamod V. , Karmakar Avishek , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReaction of a linear bi‐chelating N‐donor achiral ligand with ZnII afforded a homochiral cationic framework with six‐fold one‐dimensional helical chains. The compound showed selective anion exchange behavior with interesting anion‐responsive tunable bulk‐phase homochirality. The cationic framework also presented anion‐driven variable luminescence and sorption behavior.
Near‐Infrared Croconaine Rotaxanes and Doped Nanoparticles for Enhanced Aqueous Photothermal Heating
Authors: Spence Graeme T. , Lo Shun Shang , Ke Chenfeng , Destecroix Harry , Davis Anthony P. , Hartland Gregory V. , Smith Bradley D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe photothermal effect is the generation of heat by molecules or particles upon high‐energy laser irradiation, and near‐infrared absorbers such as gold nanoparticles and organic dyes have a range of potential photothermal applications. The favourable photothermal properties of thiophene‐functionalised croconaine dyes were recently discovered. The synthesis and properties of novel croconaine rotaxane and pseudorotaxane architectures capable of efficient photothermal performance in both organic and aqueous environments are reported. The versatility of this dye‐encapsulation strategy was demonstrated by the preparation of two organic croconaine rotaxanes using different synthetic methods: the formation of an aqueous pseudorotaxane association complex, and the synthesis of water‐soluble, croconaine‐doped silicated micelle nanoparticles. All of these near‐infrared‐absorbing systems exhibit excellent photothermal behaviour, with pseudorotaxane and rotaxane formation vital for effective aqueous heat generation. Dye encapsulation provides steric protection to enhance the stability of a water‐sensitive croconaine dye, while rotaxane‐doped nanoparticles avoid detrimental band broadening caused by chromophore coupling.
Gold Nanoparticles Confined in Vertically Aligned Silica Nanochannels and Their Electrocatalytic Activity Toward Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Ding Longhua , Li Wanzhen , Sun Qinqin , He Yayun , Su Bin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA facile method of confining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in silica nanochannels aligned perpendicularly to an underlying electrode surface is reported. The nanochannel surface carrying a layer of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APTS) displays a strong electrostatic interaction with AuCl4−, eventually resulting in the confinement of AuNPs inside the nanochannels after chemical reduction. As‐prepared AuNPs in APTS‐modified mesoporous silica film (APTS‐MSF) are highly dispersed with a narrow size distribution. Furthermore, these AuNPs are free of protecting ligands and exhibit a good electrochemical catalytic activity toward the oxidation of ascorbic acid.
Electrochemical Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhu Lin , Zhu Shaobin , Yan Xiaomei , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn electrochemical approach to the intramolecular aminooxygenation of unactivated alkenes has been developed. This process is based on the addition of nitrogen‐centered radicals, generated through electrochemical oxidation, to alkenes followed by trapping of the cyclized radical intermediate with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl radical (TEMPO). Difunctionalization of a variety of alkenes with easily available carbamates/amides and TEMPO affords aminooxygenation products in high yields and with excellent trans selectivity for cyclic systems (d.r. up to>20:1). The approach provides a much‐needed complementary route to existing cis‐selective methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Mg2C3: A Monoclinic High‐Pressure Polymorph of Magnesium Sesquicarbide.
Authors: Strobel Timothy A. , Kurakevych Oleksandr O. , Kim Duck Young , Le Godec Yann , Crichton Wilson , Guignard Jeremy , Guignot Nicolas , Cody George D. , Oganov Artem R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe new title polymorph of Mg2C3 is prepared from the elements under high pressure/high temperature conditions (9—20 GPa, 1700—2000 K) and characterized by synchrotron powder XRD, mass spectrometry, solid state NMR and Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Ce3+‐Activated γ‐Ca2SiO4 and Other Olivine‐Type ABXO4 Phosphors for Solid‐State Lighting.
Authors: Kalaji Ali , Mikami Masayoshi , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe photoluminescent behavior of Ce3+ in oxides with the olivine structure with two distorted octahedral doping sites is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Clathrate Formation in the Systems Sr—Cu—Ge and {Ba,Sr}—Cu—Ge.
Authors: Zeiringer I. , Moser R. , Kneidinger F. , Podloucky R. , Royanian E. , Grytsiv A. , Bauer E. , Giester G. , Falmbigl M. , Rogl P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel clathrate type‐I phase, Sr8CuxGe46‐x (5.2 ≤ x < 5.4), is detected in arc melted ingots which exists close to the Zintl limit in a small temperature interval.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Characterization of a Congruent Melting Compound Magnesium Strontium Diborate MgSrB2O5.
Authors: Guo Xinfeng , Wu Hongping , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua , Yu Hongwei , Zhang Bingbing , Han Jian , Zhang Fangyuan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of MgO, Sr(NO3)2, and H3BO3 (Pt crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Bi/M Layered Oxo‐Sulfate (M: Co, Cu): A Structural and Magnetic Study.
Authors: Lue Minfeng , Colmont Marie , Kabbour Houria , Colis Silviu , Mentre Olivier 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReinvestigation of mixed Bi/M (M: Co, Cu) oxo‐sulfates using crystal growth in Bi2O3 flux, single crystal XRD, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations lead to the full structural characterization of (IV) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Polyoxomolybdate‐Supported Bismuth Trihalides [Mo8O26(BiX3)2]4‐ (X: Cl, Br, I): Syntheses and Study of Polymorphism.
Authors: Adonin Sergey A. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Sokolov Maxim N. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe new octamolybdate complexes (IIIa—c) are characterized by powder and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Physical Properties of CsRE2Ag3Te5 (RE: Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd—Er) and RbRE2Ag3Te5 (RE: Sm, Gd—Dy).
Authors: Meng Chang‐Yu , Chen Hong , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of the elements using RbCl or CsCl as a flux (Ar, silica tube, 1123 K, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Allyl Phosphates with Arylboronates.
Authors: Takeda Momotaro , Takatsu Keishi , Shintani Ryo , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn several cases achiral byproducts as a result of α‐substitution are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenacyl Bromides Revisited: Facile Synthesis of Some New Pyrazoles, Pyridazines, and Their Fused Derivatives.
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Nassar Ekhlass M. , Jager Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReactions of malononitrile derivatives of type (I) with hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine and some related reactions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings Catalyzed by Pd/NiO.
Authors: Wang Yanan , Cui Xinjiang , Deng Youquan , Shi Feng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhenol (I) and benzene (III) derivatives with various structures are hydrogenated into the corresponding cyclohexanol (II) and cyclohexane derivatives (IV) with good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H Arylation by Triazole Assistance.
Authors: Gu Qing , Al Mamari Hamad H. , Graczyk Karolina , Diers Emelyne , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis method utilizes a triazole‐derived auxiliary for the iron‐catalyzed activation of otherwise inert C(sp2)—H and C(sp3)—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Formate as Bifunctional Reagent: Applications in Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling Reactions Using in situ Generated CO.
Authors: Li Haoquan , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe carbonylative reactions rely on the cooperation between phenyl formate and nonaflate and the generation of CO in situ by using aryl formates as the CO source and pseudohalide precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Transfer of Chirality in Organocopper‐Mediated Bis(alkylating) Cycloisomerization of Enediynes.
Authors: Campolo Damien , Arif Tanzeel , Borie Cyril , Mouysset Dominique , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Naubron Jean‐Valere , Bertrand Michele P. , Nechab Malek 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral benzofulvenes, triggered by organocopper reagents, is achieved through a highly chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective bis(alkylating) cycloisomerization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of γ‐ and δ‐Lactams from Imines and Sulfone‐Substituted Anhydrides.
Authors: Sorto Nohemy A. , Di Maso Michael J. , Munoz Manuel A. , Dougherty Ryan J. , Fettinger James C. , Shaw Jared T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAll compounds are isolated with <95% diastereoisomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Chichibabin Pyridine Synthesis of the COPD Biomarkers and Elastin Cross‐Linkers Isodesmosine and Desmosine.
Authors: Usuki Toyonobu , Sugimura Takanori , Komatsu Akira , Koseki Yohei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe preparation of isodesmosine (Ia) and desmosine (Ib) is achieved in four steps starting from 6‐Cbz‐amino‐2‐(S)‐N‐Boc‐aminohexanoic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular 5‐endo‐Trig Aminopalladation of β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐alkenylamine: Efficient Route to a Pyrrolidine Ring and Its Application for the Synthesis of (‐)‐8,8a‐Di‐epi‐swainsonine.
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Panda Gautam 
Published: August 2014

Abstract(‐)‐8,8a‐Di‐epi‐swainsonine (IV) is prepared from S‐Garner aldehyde via an intramolecular 5‐endo‐trig aminopalladation reaction as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Cholinesterase Inhibitors from the Aerial Part of Piper hymenophyllum.
Authors: Dung Hoang Viet , Cuong To Dao , Chinh Nguyen Minh , Quyen Do , Byeon Jeong Su , Kim Jeong Ah , Woo Mi Hee , Choi Jae Sui , Min Byung Sun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCompound (I) is isolated along with six known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Macrocyclization of 1,2‐Diazonaphthoquinones with Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Kisanuki Masato , Kanemura Koichi , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe reaction of (Ic) with (II) does not yield the corresponding cyclization product, but a dimer via linkage of the two diazo groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Description of the Layered O3 and O2 Structural LiCoO2‐CoO2 Pseudo‐Binary Systems
Authors: Chang Keke , Hallstedt Bengt , Music Denis , Fischer Julian , Ziebert Carlos , Ulrich Sven , Seifert Hans J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReview: 49 refs.
Two‐Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy for Interpretation of Demineralization and Aging of German Lignite
Authors: Schmidt Mirjam , Otto Matthias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFür die Analyse von Kohle gibt es verschiedene Methoden, die jedoch alle unterschiedliche Ergebnisse liefern und schlecht miteinander vergleichbar sind. Die 2D‐Korrelationsspektroskopie ermöglicht jedoch durch die Anwendung synchroner und asynchroner Berechnungsalgorithmen eine erhöhte Auflösung der Daten sowie einen Vergleich. In dieser Arbeit wurde deutsche Braunkohle zeitabhängig entmineralisiert sowie einem simulierten Alterungsprozess unterzogen und mit Infrarotspektrometrie in abgeschwächter Totalreflexion analysiert. Zur Auswertung beider Messreihen wurde die 2D‐Korrelationsspektroskopie angewendet, um deren Potenzial aufgezeigt.
Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Materials for Innovative Gasification Processes
Authors: Zurek Joanna , Hejrani Elham , Müller Michael , Quadakkers Willem J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMetallische Werkstoffe für hochbeanspruchte Sauerstoffdüsen und Abhitzekessel wurden auf ihre Korrosionsbeständigkeit in einem H2/H2O/H2S‐Laborgas untersucht. In Screening‐Versuchen an ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen und Nickelbasislegierungen wurden vielversprechende Legierungen ermittelt. Für alle untersuchten Werkstoffe, mit einer Ausnahme, ergab sich eine Bell‐Shape‐Abhängigkeit der Oxidationskinetik. Durch Untersuchungen an Modelllegierungen wird die Wirkung einzelner Legierungselemente auf die Korrosionsmechanismen ermittelt, um hieraus optimierte Legierungszusammensetzungen herzuleiten.
Structure–Activity Relationship, Biological, and Pharmacological Characterization of the Proline Sulfonamide ACT‐462206: a Potent, Brain‐Penetrant Dual Orexin 1/Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Boss Christoph , Roch‐Brisbare Catherine , Steiner Michel A. , Treiber Alexander , Dietrich Hendrik , Jenck Francois , von Raumer Markus , Sifferlen Thierry , Brotschi Christine , Heidmann Bibia , Williams Jodi T. , Aissaoui Hamed , Siegrist Romain , Gatfield John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe orexin system consists of two G‐protein‐coupled receptors, the orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors, widely expressed in diverse regions of the brain, and two peptide agonists, orexin A and orexin B, which are produced in a small assembly of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The orexin system plays an important role in the maintenance of wakefulness. Several compounds (almorexant, SB‐649868, suvorexant) have been in advanced clinical trials for treating primary insomnia. ACT‐462206 is a new, potent, and selective dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) that inhibits the stimulating effects of the orexin peptides at both the orexin 1 and 2 receptors. It decreases wakefulness and increases non‐rapid eye movement (non‐REM) and REM sleep while maintaining natural sleep architectures in rat and dog electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) experiments. ACT‐462206 shows anxiolytic‐like properties in rats without affecting cognition and motor function. It is therefore a potential candidate for the treatment of insomnia.
Dioxetane Scission Products Unchanged by Mechanical Force
Authors: Clough Jess M. , Sijbesma Rint P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDioxetane‐based force‐induced light emission from polymers, or mechanoluminescence, is a powerful new way of characterizing the behavior of polymeric materials under stress. Here, we reveal that breaking the dioxetane mechanically gives strikingly similar products to those formed on thermal activation, with a singlet/triplet ratio of 1:9.9 and a total quantum yield of 9.8 %. A sensitized relay scheme ensured high reproducibility in the detection of the short‐lived triplet products. In addition to guiding the design of more sensitive mechanoluminescent probes, the similarity in the scission products indicates that once mechanical force releases the steric lock between the adamantyl groups, the dioxetane undergoes scission in a pathway that resembles the thermal process. Excited states are formed only after the main transition state in a region in which the excited‐ and ground‐state surfaces are nearly degenerate, which, thus, accounts for the remarkable similarity in the scission products.
Tracking Conformational Dynamics of Polypeptides by Nonlinear Electronic Spectroscopy of Aromatic Residues: A First‐Principles Simulation Study
Authors: Nenov Artur , a Beccara Silvio , Rivalta Ivan , Cerullo Giulio , Mukamel Shaul , Garavelli Marco 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe ability of nonlinear electronic spectroscopy to track folding/unfolding processes of proteins in solution by monitoring aromatic interactions is investigated by first‐principles simulations of two‐dimensional (2D) electronic spectra of a model peptide. A dominant reaction pathway approach is employed to determine the unfolding pathway of a tetrapeptide, which connects the initial folded configuration with stacked aromatic side chains and the final unfolded state with distant noninteracting aromatic residues. The π‐stacking and excitonic coupling effects are included through ab initio simulations based on multiconfigurational methods within a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics scheme. It is shown that linear absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) region is unable to resolve the unstacking dynamics characterized by the three‐step process: T‐shaped→twisted offset stacking→unstacking. Conversely, pump–probe spectroscopy can be used to resolve aromatic interactions by probing in the visible region, the excited‐state absorptions (ESAs) that involve charge‐transfer states. 2D UV spectroscopy offers the highest sensitivity to the unfolding process, by providing the disentanglement of ESA signals belonging to different aromatic chromophores and high correlation between the conformational dynamics and the quartic splitting.