bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Si dangling bond defects at Si/insulator interfaces induced by oxygen scavenging
Authors: Cerbu F. , Nguyen A. P. D. , Kepa J. , Afanas'ev V. V. , Stesmans A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work we analyse the influence of the O‐scavenging process on interface traps in (100)Si/SiOx/HfO2(1.8 nm)/TiNx/Si stacks by using electrical measurements and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The reduction of interfacial SiOx by high‐temperature annealing in O‐free ambient is found to lead to severe interface degradation exposed as generation of additional Si dangling bond defects (paramagnetic Pb0 centres). The density of these centres, well known to be electron traps impairing device operation, increases from ∼1 × 1012 cm−2 – the value typical for thermally oxidized Si – to >3 × 1012 cm−2 upon annealing at 1100 °C. This interface degradation is accompanied by the development of a hysteresis in the MOS capacitance–voltage curves indicating generation of additional oxide traps with areal density in the range of 1012 cm−2. However, the trap generation can be alleviated if the O‐scavenging annealing step is performed in helium ambient, suggesting formation of silicon monoxide molecules at the Si/SiOx interface as the origin of the observed trap generation.
Linear matrix inequalities for analysis and control of linear vector second‐order systems
Authors: Adegas F. D. , Stoustrup J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMany dynamical systems are modeled as vector second‐order differential equations. This paper presents analysis and synthesis conditions in terms of LMI with explicit dependence in the coefficient matrices of vector second‐order systems. These conditions benefit from the separation between the Lyapunov matrix and the system matrices by introducing matrix multipliers, which potentially reduce conservativeness in hard control problems. Multipliers facilitate the usage of parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions as certificates of stability of uncertain and time‐varying vector second‐order systems. The conditions introduced in this work have the potential to increase the practice of analyzing and controlling systems directly in vector second‐order form. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation tracking and attitude synchronization control of underactuated ships along closed orbits
Authors: Chen Yang‐Yang , Tian Yu‐Ping 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis article considers the problem of directing a family of underactuated ships to formation tracking a set of closed orbits and achieve attitude synchronization. It shows that our previous concentric compression design can be extended to deal with a general kind of non‐convex, closed curves and the coordinated motion of underactuated ships. The condition of nonzero total linear speed of each ship is ensured by a potential function. Under the bidirectional communication topology, asymptotical stabilization is proved with the help of the invariance‐like theorem and the extension of Barbalat's lemma. Theoretical results are proved by the numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kalte Plasmen in der Medizin
Authors: Reuter Stephan , Masur Kai , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractKalte Nichtgleichgewichtsplasmen bei Atmosphärendruck eignen sich, um empfindliche biologische Systeme zu beeinflussen, zu inaktivieren oder zu stimulieren. Das Plasma generiert reaktive Spezies wie Stickstoff‐ und Sauerstoffteilchen, die auch bei Zellsignalwegen wichtig sind, UV‐Strahlung, elektrische Felder und geladene Teilchen. Mögliche zukünftige Therapieansätze der Plasmamedizin liegen in der Inaktivierung von Krankheitserregern, der Heilung chronischer Wunden, der Unterstützung bei chirurgischen Eingriffen oder perspektivisch auch in der unterstützenden Krebstherapie bei fest lokalisierten Tumoren.
Synthesis, X‐ray Crystallography, and DFT Calculations of A Novel Phosphoramide
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Dusek Michal , Eigner Vaclav 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new phosphoramide with formula (4‐CH3C6H4S(O)2NH)P(O)(NHCH2C6H5)2(1) was synthesized and characterized by1H,13C,31P NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The13C NMR spectrum displays two sets of signals for the phenyl carbon atoms of the two benzylamine groups (eight peaks) as well as two separated signals for the 4‐CH3aliphatic carbon atom possibly due to the presence of a prochiral central phosphorus atom. The structure of compound1was determined by X‐ray crystallography at 121 K. In this structure, the strong intermolecular N–H···O=P and N–H···O=S plus weak intermolecular C–H···O and N–H···C(π of benzyl ring) hydrogen bonds create a three‐dimensional crystalline network. The DFT calculations both in the gas phase and in four solvents illustrate that this molecule is more stable at B3PW91 than B3LYP level. Interestingly, comparable computational results are obtained in acetone and methanol solvents as well as in DMSO and ethanol. The QTAIM analyses support the covalent/shared character of the C–N, S–C, and N–H bonds, the intermediate character of P=O, P–N, and S=O bonds, and the electrostatic nature of S=O···H–N, P=O···H–C, and C–H···C(π) interactions. The computational data are in very good agreement with the experimental ones.
Type I glycogen storage diseases: disorders of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase/glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter complexes
Authors: Chou Janice Y. , Jun Hyun Sik , Mansfield Brian C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDisorders of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase)/glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT) complexes consist of three subtypes: glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD‐Ia), deficient in the liver/kidney/intestine‐restricted G6Pase‐α (or G6PC); GSD‐Ib, deficient in a ubiquitously expressed G6PT (or SLC37A4); and G6Pase‐β deficiency or severe congenital neutropenia syndrome type 4 (SCN4), deficient in the ubiquitously expressed G6Pase‐β (or G6PC3). G6Pase‐α and G6Pase‐β are glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) hydrolases with active sites lying inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and as such are dependent upon the G6PT to translocate G6P from the cytoplasm into the lumen. The tissue expression profiles of the G6Pase enzymes dictate the disease's phenotype. A functional G6Pase‐α/G6PT complex maintains interprandial glucose homeostasis, while a functional G6Pase‐β/G6PT complex maintains neutrophil/macrophage energy homeostasis and functionality. G6Pase‐β deficiency is not a glycogen storage disease but biochemically it is a GSD‐I related syndrome (GSD‐Irs). GSD‐Ia and GSD‐Ib patients manifest a common metabolic phenotype of impaired blood glucose homeostasis not shared by GSD‐Irs. GSD‐Ib and GSD‐Irs patients manifest a common myeloid phenotype of neutropenia and neutrophil/macrophage dysfunction not shared by GSD‐Ia. While a disruption of the activity of the G6Pase‐α/G6PT complex readily explains why GSD‐Ia and GSD‐Ib patients exhibit impaired glucose homeostasis, the basis for neutropenia and myeloid dysfunction in GSD‐Ib and GSD‐Irs are only now starting to be understood. Animal models of all three disorders are now available and are being exploited to both delineate the disease more precisely and develop new treatment approaches, including gene therapy.
Predictors of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement after Stroke
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Juan , Li Shujuan , Guo Hongliang , Qin Wei , Hu Wen li 
Published: October 2014

Aims:the goal of this study was to identify important prognostic variables affecting placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (Peg) tube after acute stroke.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed our patient database to identify acute ischemic stroke patients who placed Peg or nasogastric tube (Ngt) tube, but were free of other confounding conditions affecting swallowing. A total of 340 patients were involved in our study. We assessed the influence of age, National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHss) score, infarct volume, stroke subtype based on the toAst criteria, swallowing disorders, bilateral lesions in cerebrum and length of stay (los) in a logistic regression analysis.Results:In univariate analysis, age (p=0.048), NIHss score (p<0.0001), lesion volume (p<0.0001), los (p<0.0001), stroke location (p=0.045), and swallowing disorders (p<0.0001) were found to be the primary predictors of placing Peg. the presence of lesions in bilateral cerebral was included in the final model based on clinical considerations. After multivariate adjustment, only NIHss score (odds ratio [oR], 4.055; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.398-6.857; p=0.0001), lesion volume (oR, 1.69; 95%CI, 1.09–4.39; p=0.014), swallowing disorders (oR, 1.151; 95% CI, 1.02-1.294; p=0.047), los (oR, 0.955; 95% CI, 0.914-0.998; p=0.0415) and bilateral lesions (oR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.666-4.705; p=0.0001) remained significant.Conclusion:our data shows that NIHss score, lesion volume, swallowing disorders, los and bilateral lesions in cerebrum can predict the requiring of Peg tube insertion in patients after stroke.
Ethnicity and Geographic Distribution of Pediatric Chronic Ataxia in Manitoba
Authors: Salman Michael S. , Masood Shaheen , Azad Meghan , Chodirker Bernard N. 
Published: October 2014

Background:Genetic and environmental factors are important determinants of disease distribution. Several disorders associated with ataxia are known to occur more commonly in certain ethnic groups; for example, the disequilibrium syndrome in the Hutterites. The aim of this study was to determine the ethnic and geographic distribution of pediatric patients with chronic ataxia in Manitoba, Canada.Methods:We identified 184 patients less than 17 years-of-age with chronic ataxia during 1991-2008 from multiple sources. Their diagnosis, ethnicity and place of residence were determined following a chart review.Results:Most patients resided in Manitoba (N=177) and the majority in Winnipeg, the provincial capital. Thirty five Aboriginal, 29 Mennonite and 11 Hutterite patients resided in Manitoba. The latter two groups were significantly overrepresented in our cohort. Ataxia telangiectasia, mitochondrial disorders, and non-progressive ataxia of unknown etiology associated with pyramidal tracts signs and developmental delay were significantly more common in Mennonite patients. Four of five patients with neuronal migration disorders associated with chronic ataxia were Aboriginal. Few isolated disorders with chronic ataxia occurred in the 11 Hutterite patients including a Joubert syndrome related disorder.Conclusions:Three disorders associated with chronic ataxia were more prevalent than expected in Mennonites in Manitoba. Few rare disorders were more prevalent in the Hutterite and Aboriginal population. Further research is needed to determine the risk factors underlying these variations in prevalence within different ethnic groups. The unique risk factor profiles of each ethnic group need to be considered in health promotion endeavors.
Neurologic Injury in Isolated Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency
Authors: Bosley Thomas M. , Alorainy Ibrahim A. , Oystreck Darren T. , Hellani Ali M. , Seidahmed Mohammed Z. , Osman Mohamed El Faki , Sabry Mohamed A. , Rashed Mohamed S. , Al-Yamani Eiman A. , Abu-Amero Khaled K. , Salih Mustafa A. 
Published: October 2014

Background:We review clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic information on six individuals with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD).Methods:All patients were examined, and clinical records, biochemistry, neuroimaging, and sulfite oxidase gene (SUOX) sequencing were reviewed.Results:Data was available on six individuals from four nuclear families affected by ISOD. Each individual began to seize within the first week of life. neurologic development was arrested at brainstem reflexes, and severe microcephaly developed rapidly. neuroimaging within days of birth revealed hypoplasia of the cerebellum and corpus callosum and damage to the supratentorial brain looking like severe hypoxic-ischemic injury that evolved into cystic hemispheric white matter changes. Affected individuals all had elevated urinary S-sulfocysteine and normal urinary xanthine and hypoxanthine levels diagnostic of ISOD. Genetic studies confirmed SUOX mutations in four patients.Conclusions:ISOD impairs systemic sulfite metabolism, and yet this genetic disease affects only the brain with damage that is commonly confused with the clinical and radiologic features of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
The Prevalence of Incidental Findings in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Trufyn J. , Hill M.D. , Scott J.N. , Modi J. , Ciura V. , Frayne R. , Goyal M. , Lautner D. , Bhayana D. , Davenport W.J. , Mah J.K. , Burton J.M. , Costello F. 
Published: October 2014

Background:Incidental findings arising from imaging research have important implications for patient safety. Magnetic resonance imaging is widespread in multiple sclerosis (MS) studies and care, yet the prevalence rate of incidental findings in MS is poorly defined. The absence of such reports in the MS literature suggests that such findings may be deemed inappropriate for documentation in research publications, or possibly, not fully reported at all.Objective:We sought to document incidental findings from a study designed to detect features of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in MS patients and control subjects.Methods:Magnetic resonance images were obtained as part of a prospective study conducted between October 2010 and September 2012. Patients with MS (relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, secondary progressive), clinically isolated syndromes, and neuromyelitis optica and age/sex-matched healthy controls were included. All images were reviewed by neuro-radiologists for quality-control purposes.Results:Magnetic resonance imaging was successfully obtained in 166 participants (110 patients, 56 controls). Incidental abnormalities (n = 33) were detected in 15% of patients (n = 17) and 27% of controls (n = 15), comprising 19% overall (n = 32).Conclusions:The prevalence of incidental findings from the MS population was not significantly different from the control population. However, the overall prevalence was high and warrants a careful management strategy for future imaging studies.
Accuracy of Conventional MRI in ALS
Authors: Gupta Aparna , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Chakraborty Santanu , Bourque Pierre R. 
Published: October 2014

Background:There is currently no definite neuroimaging test to detect amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which leads to significant delay in diagnosis, particularly if one takes into account the rapidity of disease evolution. Hyperintensity of the corticospinal tracts (CST) on T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been well described, but data on sensitivity and specificity in larger series is lacking to help guide its application to clinical care.Methods:We analyzed clinical and MRI data from 64 patients with a definite retrospective diagnosis of ALS. In this case-control study, two experienced blinded neuroradiologists systematically assessed defined rostrocaudal segments of the intracranial course of the CST.Results:The overall sensitivity and specificity of conventional MRI for the diagnosis of ALS were 48% and 76% respectively. Highest specificities for CST hyperintensity were noted for the subcortical white matter (92%), centrum semiovale (88%) and medullary pyramids (92%). The lowest specificities were found for the cerebral peduncle (36%) and internal capsule (32%). We did not find a correlation with the rate of clinical progression, age of onset or the presence of upper motor neuron signs on examination.Conclusion:Conventional MRI was not found to be a reliable diagnostic tool for ALS and it did not help predict clinical characteristics such as speed of evolution or prominence of upper motor neuron signs. Its main role in the setting of ALS should remain to help exclude alternative diagnostic considerations. A multimodal approach relying on newer functional and structural MRI techniques still needs to be developed and validated.
Saccadic Eye Movements in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study OPEN ACCESS
Authors: Mullen Sarah J. , Yücel Yeni H. , Cusimano Michael , Schweizer Tom A. , Oentoro Anton , Gupta Neeru 
Published: October 2014

Objective:To investigate whether repeat saccadic reaction time (SRT) measurements using a portable saccadometer is useful to monitor patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods:Seven patients with newly-diagnosed mTBI and five agematched controls were prospectively recruited from an emergency Department. Saccadic eye movements, symptom self-reporting and neuropsychological tests were performed within one week of injury and again at follow-up three weeks post-injury. Control patients underwent saccade recordings at similar intervals.Results:Median saccade reaction times were significantly prolonged within one week post-injury in mTBI compared to controls. At follow-up assessment there was no significant between-groups difference. Changes in median SRT between the two assessments were not statistically significant. Four of the seven mTBI patients showed significantly increased SRT at follow-up; three of the mTBI patients and all controls showed no significant change. Among the three mTBI patients with persistent decreased SRT, two experienced loss of consciousness and reported the greatest symptoms, while the third was the only subject with significant decrease in neuropsychological testing scores at both assessments.Conclusion:In three of seven mTBI patients, saccadic eye movements remained delayed within three weeks post-injury. These three patients also showed persistent symptoms or no improvement on neuropsychological testing. This pilot study using a portable saccadometer suggests that comparing SRT from three weeks post-injury to that within one week of injury may be useful for early detection of a subpopulation at risk of persistent disability from mTBI. This finding suggests that further investigation in a large study population is warranted.
MPNST after Radiosurgery: A Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tu Albert , Ma Roy , Maguire John , Akagami Ryojo 
Published: October 2014

Objective:To report an unusual case of malignant degeneration in a ganglioneuroma of the jugular foramen post stereotactic radiosurgery as well as to systematically review the pertinent literature involving radiosurgery associated malignancies.Background:Ganglioneuromas are uncommon lesions of the peripheral nervous system and infrequently reported in the head and neck region. There have been no previously described cases of ganglioneuromas occurring in the jugular foramen. Malignant degeneration of these lesions is rarely described, especially in the context of radiosurgery. Radiosurgery associated malignancies overall are exceptionally rare and only a limited number of cases have been reported.Results/Conclusions:We describe a case of a ganglioneuroma occurring in the jugular foramen and mimicking the appearance of a jugular foramen schwannoma. This lesion underwent stereotactic radiosurgery and developed a delayed degeneration into a malignant nerve sheath tumor. The occurrence of ganglioneuroma in this region has not been previously described and presumed malignant degeneration is even rarer. This case highlights a previously understated risk associated with stereotactic radiation treatments. To date, 33 previous cases of stereotactic radiosurgery associated malignancies have been reported. We review the pertinent details of these cases. We caution that as follow up periods and awareness increases, reports such as this may become increasingly common.
Colleague Crowdsourcing: A Method for Fostering National Student Engagement and Large-N Data Collection
Authors: Boydstun Amber E. , Feezell Jessica T. , Glazier Rebecca A. , Jurka Timothy P. , Pietryka Matthew T. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTScholars often rely on student samples from their own campuses to study political behavior, but some studies require larger and more diverse samples than any single campus can provide. In our case, we wanted to study the real-time effects of presidential debates on individual-level attitudes, and we sought a large sample with diversity across covariates such as ideology and race. To address this challenge, we recruited college students across the country through a process we call “colleague crowdsourcing.” As an incentive for colleagues to encourage their students to participate, we offered teaching resources and next-day data summaries. Crowdsourcing provided data from a larger and more diverse sample than would be possible using a standard, single-campus subject pool. Furthermore, this approach provided classroom resources for faculty and opportunities for active learning. We present colleague crowdsourcing as a possible model for future research and offer suggestions for application in varying contexts.
Scientific Literacy in Undergraduate Political Science Education: The Current State of Affairs, an Agenda for Action, and Proposed Fundamental Benchmarks
Authors: Hill Kim Quaile , Myers Rebekah 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPolitical science is falling behind a broad movement in the United States that seeks to reform the teaching of scientific literacy in undergraduate education. Indeed, political science is far behind that movement because the discipline does not have a collective commitment to science education at the undergraduate level. This article discusses prominent efforts in this reform movement and assesses the state of science education in our discipline. The authors propose an agenda for action on this issue in political science as well as fundamental educational benchmarks for undergraduate political science literacy.
Institutional Review Board and International Field Research in Conflict Zones
Authors: Bhattacharya Srobana 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on political conflict can benefit immensely from fieldwork. However, the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process is elaborate and daunting that discourages rather than encourages this type of research. Existing policies often are insensitive to the many uncertainties related to field research abroad, especially in conflict zones. Three reasons for this are identified in this article. First, the federal regulations to protect human subjects of social science research are most suitable for biomedical sciences. Second, there is huge gap between “procedural ethics” and “ethics in practice.” Third, there is a lack of communication or dialogue between researchers and IRBs. After discussing these reasons, I offer the following suggestions: bridging the gap between the researcher and the IRB; reducing delays in the IRB approval and revision process; encouraging collaboration and dialogue among researchers; and advocating a proactive stance by academic associations.
Navigating the International Academic Job Market
Authors: Saiya Nilay 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTGiven the extraordinarily competitive academic job market in the United States, this article explores a relatively new prospect for American-trained political science PhD graduates: teaching at a foreign institution. The article proceeds in two parts. First, it discusses various benefits and challenges associated with working abroad. Second, it provides practical guidance for candidates considering the international job market.