bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ experience of losing infants by death and its predictors in Ethiopia
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Asefa Eyosiyas Yeshialem , Bekana Teshome 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAlthough infant deaths worldwide have reduced, many children die before their first birthday. Infant deaths are widespread in low-income countries, and information about the cause of death is limited. In Ethiopia, 53% of infants’ deaths occurred in their neonatal period, and 174 infants’ deaths occurred from 3684 births. Hence, this study aimed to assess mothers’ experiences with infant death and its predictors in Ethiopia.MethodsA total of 1730 weighted samples of mothers from the 2019 EDHS dataset, which was collected across the regions of Ethiopia, were included for analysis. A two-stage cluster sampling technique with a cross-sectional study design was used. All mothers whose children were under the age of 0–12 months were included in this study. Six count regression models were considered and compared using Akaike’s information criteria and Bayesian information criterion with STATA version 15 software. The strength of the association between the number of infant deaths and possible predictors was determined at a P-value less than 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. The findings were interpreted by using the incident rate ratio.ResultsA total of 46.3% of mothers had lost at least one infant by death in the last five years before the 2019 EDHS survey was held. The mean and variance of infant deaths were 2.55 and 5.58, respectively. The histogram was extremely picked at the beginning, indicating that a large number of mothers did not lose their infants by death, and that shows the data had positive skewness. Mothers under 25–29 years of age (IRR: 1.75, 95% CI:1.48, 2.24), and 30–34 years of age (IRR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.82), Somali (IRR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.57), Gambela (IRR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.61), and Harari (IRR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.63) regions, rural resident mothers (IRR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.91, and Protestant (IRR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.96), and Muslim (IRR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.62) religion fellow of mothers were associated with a high risk of infants’ deaths. Whereas, being rich IRR: 0.37, 95% CI: .27, .81) and adequate ANC visits (IRR: 0.28, 95% CI: .25, .83) were associated with a low risk of infant death.ConclusionMany mothers have experienced infant deaths, and the majority of infants’ deaths occur after the first month of birth. Encouraging mothers to attend antenatal care visits, creating mothers’ awareness about childcare, and ensuring equal health services distribution and utilization to rural residents are essential to minimize infant death. Educating lower-aged reproductive mothers would be a necessary intervention to prevent and control infant deaths.
Ear care: Knowledge, behavior, and attitudes among healthcare practitioners in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almagribi Ahmad Zaker M. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Personal care for body organs is a well-known practice of human beings, especially those organs that need regular care to improve function or hygiene. The ear is a unique sense organ with a specific anatomical shape to perform the function of hearing and balance.

Objectives
To determine healthcare practitioners’ current knowledge, behavior, and attitude regarding ear care.

Subjects and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare practitioners at different hospitals in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, from 25th June to 30th August 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among healthcare practitioners using an online survey. The questionnaire includes basic demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, speciality, and religion). It assesses the knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward ear care, and the use of mobile headphones and earrings that affect ear health. All statistical data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results
Of the 209 healthcare practitioners involved, 60.8% were females, and 46.9% were physicians. The prevalence of self-ear cleaning was 97.6%. Of them, 33% were cleaning their ears every week. Cotton buds were the most preferred method for self-ear cleaning. The proportion of participants who injured their ears while cleaning was 8.6%. The most common treatment method to relieve ear pain was visiting a doctor (44.4%) and utilizing a painkiller (29.7%). Interestingly, respondents who injured their ears during cleaning and those who experienced wax accumulation were significantly more common among physicians.

Conclusion
Self-ear cleaning practices are widely prevalent in this study which could be related to the lack of knowledge about ear care among healthcare practitioners. Physicians who experienced wax accumulation tend to use other methods for self-ear cleaning rather than cotton buds. Further research is needed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the population who are working in healthcare institutions.
Electroconvulsive therapy for the acute management of severe agitation in dementia (ECT-AD): A modified study protocol
Authors: Lapid Maria I. , Merrill Julia , Mueller Martina , Hermida Adriana P. , Nykamp Louis , Andrus Jason , Azizi Heela , Bolton Paula , Bonsu Nana , Braga Raphael , Dillon Catherine R. , Ecklesdafer Donna , Evans Darci , Harper David , Heintz Hannah , Hussain-Krauter Sehba , Holzgen Olivia , Humphrey Daniel , Jiwani Salima , Johnson Emily K. , Kang Simran , Kassien Janelle , Kim Jonathan , Knapp Rebecca G. , Kung Simon , Kremen Neil , Le Kendra , Mahdasian Jack , Marzouk Taylor , Masrud Jared D. , Mattingly Jefferson , Miller Dawn , Pagali Sandeep R. , Patrick Regan , Riva Posse Patricio , Pritchett Cristina , Rahman Aniqa , Rath Swapnil , Roczniak Cara , Rummans Teresa A. , Sanghani Sohag , Seiner Steve , Smart LeAnn , Tomaschek Evan , Tsygankova Valeriya , VanderSchuur-White Lori , Walton Monica P. , Wilkins James , Williams April , Williams Sarah M. , Petrides George , Forester Brent P. 
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study began as a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe treatment-refractory agitation in advanced dementia. The aims are to assess agitation reduction using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI), evaluate tolerability and safety outcomes, and explore the long-term stability of agitation reduction and global functioning. Due to challenges encountered during implementation, including recruitment obstacles and operational difficulties, the study design was modified to an open-label format and other protocol amendments were implemented.

Methods
Initially, the RCT randomized participants 1:1 to either ECT plus usual care or simulated ECT plus usual care (S-ECT) groups. As patients were enrolled, data were collected from both ECT and simulated ECT (S-ECT) patients. The study now continues in an open-label study design where all patients receive actual ECT, reducing the targeted sample size from 200 to 50 participants.

Results
Study is ongoing and open to enrollment.

Conclusion
The transition of the ECT-AD study design from an RCT to open-label design exemplifies adaptive research methodologies in response to real-world challenges. Data from both the RCT and open-label phases of the study will provide a unique perspective on the role of ECT in managing severe treatment-refractory agitation in dementia, potentially influencing future clinical practices and research approaches.
Innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate among the Chinese clinical first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic: The mediating roles of self-transcendence
Authors: Wang Zhangyi , Zhu Yue , Wang Tingrui , Su Tao , Zhou Huifang , Zhang Siai , Liu Mengru , Chen Lamei , Wu Manli , Li Liping , Li Xuechun , Pang Xiaoli , Peng Jiaofeng , Tang Xiaochun , Liu Li 
Published: June 2024

Background
During the Omicron pandemic, clinical first-line nurses played a crucial role in healthcare. Their innovative behavior enhanced the quality of nursing and served as a vital factor in driving the sustainable development of the nursing discipline and healthcare industry. Many previous studies have confirmed the significance of nurses’ innovative behavior worldwide. However, the correlations among innovative behaviors, organizational innovation climate, self-transcendence, and their mediating roles in Chinese clinical first-line nurses need further research.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the quality reporting conformed to the STROBE Checklist. From March 2022 to February 2023, a convenience sample of 1,058 Chinese clinical first-line nurses was recruited from seven tertiary grade-A hospitals of Tianjin city in Northern China. The Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Nurse Innovative Behavior Scale (NIBS), Nurse Organizational Innovation Climate Scale, and the Self-Transcendence Scale were used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses.

Results
The total scores of innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence were 33.19 ± 6.71, 68.88 ± 12.76, and 41.25 ± 7.83, respectively. Innovative behavior was positively correlated with the organizational innovation climate (r = 0.583, p < 0.01) and self-transcendence (r = 0.635, p < 0.01). Self-transcendence partially mediated mediating role between innovative behavior and organizational innovation climate, accounting for 41.7%.

Conclusion
The innovative behavior, organizational innovation climate, and self-transcendence among the first-line nurses during the Omicron pandemic were relatively moderate, which needs improving. Organizational innovation climate can directly affect the innovative behavior among Chinese clinical first-line nurses and indirectly through the mediating role of self-transcendence. It is recommended that nursing managers adjust their management strategies and techniques based on the unique characteristics of nurses during the pandemic. This includes fostering a positive and inclusive environment for organizational innovation, nurturing nurses’ motivation and awareness for innovation, enhancing their ability to gather information effectively, overcoming negative emotions resulting from the pandemic, and promoting personal growth. These efforts will ultimately enhance nursing quality and satisfaction during the Omicron pandemic.
Deconstructing a Geology Field Trip to Reconstruct Around a Pedagogical Framework: A Case Study on the Integration of Cognitive Learning Theories and Learning Progressions.
Authors: Argyilan Erin , Huysken Kristin , Votaw Robert 
Published: June 2024

Field-based education is an integral component of undergraduate geoscience curricula and provides educational and social benefits associated with enhanced learning. But field excursions can too often end up as simple show-and-tell events and fall short of implementing effective teaching practices and achieving desired student learning gains. Moreover, logistical and economic pressures tend to discourage or impede the inclusion of field-based activities in undergraduate geoscience programs, especially in commuter-based colleges and universities. This case study shares how a one-day field trip offered at a commuter-based undergraduate campus of Indiana University was deconstructed to identify content-specific learning outcomes, and then reconstructed to a unit-based learning progression. The site-specific geologic content focused on describing and correlating outcrops of Paleozoic sedimentary strata in the Starved Rock area of Illinois. Shifting from a single-day field trip to a multi-session learning progression focused on instructional scaffolding and emphasized formative assessments that integrate cognitive learning theories including retrieval practice, elaboration, spaced practice and dual coding. Common practices of field geologists such as creating sketches of outcrops (dual-coding) were purposefully integrated as meaningful activities with opportunities for peer mentoring and reflection. Restructuring to a three-week unit included pre- and post-trip assessments to enable instructors to identify and address knowledge gaps and facilitate self-driven learning opportunities for students.
The SOFA Score and EWS: Is It Time for an Update?
Authors: Ritonga Marieta Joselien , Lubis Bastian , Hasan Refli , Barus Melvin Nova Gunawanto 
Published: June 2024

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) functions as a structured environment dedicated to providing intensive medical attention to patients in critical condition, monitoring, and organ support to treat life-threatening organ failure. Sepsis occurs when the immune system reacts severely to infection, leading to damage to the body’s tissues and organs. Data from The Global Burden of Disease Sepsis Report estimates 48.9 million sepsis cases annually, with 11 million cases leading to death. Therefore, the early warning score (EWS) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score systems have the potential to estimate the follow-up of patients treated in the ICU. Evaluation of prognosis based on SOFA and EWS scores is not yet confirmed for the medical state of individuals with sepsis.Objective: To determine the correlation of SOFA score and EWS by the duration of ICU stays for sepsis patients at Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan.Methods: This study used an analytical observational approach employing cross-sectional design. The method of gathering data relies on medical records and samples are collected through total sampling.Result: On 64 patients diagnosed with sepsis and treated in the ICU of Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan are obtained employing the Spearman correlation test revealed a significant correlation between EWS length of time sepsis patients spend in the ICU (p=0.001). However, a lack of notable correlation was found between the SOFA score and length of time sepsis patients spend in the ICU (p=0.719).Conclusion: No correlation exists between the SOFA score and the duration of stay among sepsis patients, whereas a correlation exists between EWS and duration of stay among sepsis patients.
Generation of molecular hydrogen (H2) by microalgae and their biocatalysts
Authors: Hemschemeier Anja , Happe Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a potent fuel and required for many industrial synthetic processes. To date, its large-scale production is highly energy-intensive and mostly based on fossil fuels. Biological H2 generation is widespread in nature and could alleviate many of the impacts associated with current H2 technologies. Several species of microalgae and cyanobacteria can produce H2 employing the process of photosynthesis, that is, they use light as the energy-source, and obtain the required electrons from water. Large-scale H2 production by algae requires specialized fermenters whose design needs expertise both in biology and process engineering. Cell-free or electrode systems employing the natural biocatalysts could be employed alternatively. Because H2 converting biocatalysts are specialized proteins mostly sensitive towards air, the implementation of cell-free systems on a large scale requires manufacturing and processing pipelines different from existing enzyme technologies.
On discrete inequalities for some classes of sequences
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For a given sequence

a
=

(

a

1

,

…

,

a

n

)

∈

R

n

a=\left({a}_{1},\ldots ,{a}_{n})\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{n}

, our aim is to obtain an estimate of

E

n

≔

a

1

+

a

n

2

−

1

n

∑

i
=
1

n

a

i

{E}_{n}:= \left|\hspace{-0.33em},\frac{{a}_{1}+{a}_{n}}{2}-\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^{n}{a}_{i},\hspace{-0.33em}\right|

. Several classes of sequences are studied. For each class, an estimate of

E

n

{E}_{n}

is obtained. We also introduce the class of convex matrices, which is a discrete version of the class of convex functions on the coordinates. For this set of matrices, new discrete Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities are proved. Our obtained results are extensions of known results from the continuous case to the discrete case.
The crystal structure of 4-(3-carboxy-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate monohydrate, C24H25FN4O10
Authors: Sun Yu-Yun , Gu Zhan-Ning , Jiang Cheng-Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
C24H25FN4O10, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.7217(3) Å, b = 9.9451(4) Å, c = 15.9291(6) Å, α = 101.741(1)∘, β = 98.762(1)∘, γ = 96.148(1)∘, V = 1171.56(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0389, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1162, T = 170 K.
Geometric parameters in the measurement of magnetic properties using toroidal specimen
Authors: Trnka Nikolaus , Werner Ralf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the derivation of the common formulas for calculating the field quantities of magnetic field strength and magnetic flux density from the physically measurable quantities current and induced voltage is shown in detail for toroidal shaped specimen. The simplifications of the inhomogeneous fields are described, which are based on equivalent geometric parameters and allow the use of the electrical measured quantities. While in the standards and literature no clear definitions of the equivalent geometric parameters are given, suggestions for these definitions are made. A review and comparison of various calculation rules from different standards for the equivalent geometric parameters is done. These calculation methods are further generalized in normalized form as a function of the diameter ratio of the toroidal specimen. Finally, the differences between the field quantities using the different methods of calculating the equivalent geometric parameters are analyzed.
Pregled dužničkih kriza u Eurozoni - iskustva i pouke
Authors: Samodol Ante , Sosa Luka 
Published: June 2024

Predmet ovoga rada je europska dužnička kriza koja se obično smješta u razdoblje 2008-2015. godine u kojem je nekoliko europskih zemalja doživjelo kolaps financijskih institucija, visok državni dug i velike razlike prinosa na državne obveznice. Cilj rada je prikazati uzroke nastanka financijskih kriza te načina rješavanja i izbjegavanja financijske zaraze i kolapsa eura. Smatra se da je dužnička kriza započela 2008. kolapsom islandskog bankarskog sustava, a zatim se 2009. prvenstveno proširila na Portugal, Italiju, Irsku, Grčku i Španjolsku, što je dovelo do popularnog relativno uvredljivog naziva (PIIGS). Rubne države članice Eurozone kao što su Grčka, Španjolska, Irska, Portugal i Cipar do kraja 2009. nisu mogle otplatiti niti refinancirati svoj državni dug. Bankovni sustav je bio pred kolapsom, a pomoć financijskih institucija trećih strana kao što su Europsku središnju banku (ECB) ili Međunarodni monetarni fond (MMF) bile su od presudnog značaja. Kriza je na kraju kontrolirana financijskim jamstvima europskih zemalja koje su se bojale kolapsa eura i financijske zaraze koja je posebno prijetila iz Grčke. Na osnovu takvog iskustva, u Eurozoni 2012. pokrenut je Europski stabilizacijski mehanizam (ESM) kao međuvladina organizacija država članica Eurozone s misijom izbjegavanja i prevladavanja financijskih kriza te održavanje financijske stabilnosti. U konačnici, svemu se pridružila i ECB koja svojim nestandardnim mjerama monetarne politike od sredine 2014. kroz programe kupnje imovine (APP-Asset Prurchase Programmes) poglavito od javnog sektora (PSPP-Public Sector Purchase Programme) s ciljem podržavanja ukupnog gospodarskog rasta u okviru inflacije na ciljnoj razini od 2%. Ipak, inflatorni udar od početka 2022. u kombinaciji s energetskom krizom izgurali su u prvi plan pitanje porasta prinosa (kamata) na državni dug nasuprot niskih stopa gospodarskog rasta širom Eurozone. Svrha rada postiže se aktualiziranjem pitanja o održivosti postojećih modela upravljanja rizicima za očuvanje financijske stabilnosti te podizanjem svijesti o tome, naročito u kontekstu tzv. novih fiskalnih pravila EU-a u 2024. godini.
Understanding Environmental Transparency: A Study of Saudi Arabian Companies
Authors: Charchafa Ilyes , Kimouche Bilal 
Published: June 2024

This study explores the determinants of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) practices among listed companies in Saudi Arabia through an integrated agency theory and legitimacy theory lens. Drawing from a sample of 87 non-financial firms over 2015-2019, the analysis examines how corporate governance attributes like board size, board independence, and audit committee independence, as well as firm-specific characteristics including size, leverage, and international diversification influence the extent of environmental disclosure. The findings reveal positive associations between CED levels and factors such as larger firm size, greater international presence, and operations in environmentally-sensitive industries. Conversely, increased leverage and surprisingly, larger board sizes exhibited negative relationships with disclosure extent. Board independence and audit committee independence showed no significant impact. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first investigation within the Saudi context examining the effects of audit committee independence and internationalization on CED. With a comprehensive set of explanatory variables and 435 firm-year observations, a larger-scale analysis is enabled compared to prior Saudi studies. By adopting the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) environmental disclosure index, the study enhances comparability and precision in tracking CED trends over time. However, the study is limited by its reliance on annual report disclosures alone and the cross-sectional nature of the data. Future research could explore CED determinants through different theoretical lenses, such as stakeholder theory, institutional theory, and signaling theory, assess disclosure quality dimensions, and employ longitudinal panel analyses to provide further insights. The findings nonetheless underscore the need for stricter corporate governance regulations clarifying director independence criteria and sustainability reporting standards in Saudi Arabia to enhance transparency and environmental stewardship.
A Human Rights Discourse on Death Penalty for Corruptors during the Outbreaks: Reflection on the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Kamalludin Iqbal , Christia Adissya Mega , Umar Achmad Jauhari , Pratami Bunga Desyana , Widiastuti Rizqiyani Syifa , Putri Delasari Krisda 
Published: June 2024

The Covid 19 pandemic had many impacts on the stability of the Indonesian state but at the same time a very important official in the ministry of Social Affairs committed corrupt practices against the social grants which is according to Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning amendments to Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning Corruption is allowed to receive death penalty. This research focus on the polarization between the provision of the death penalty for corruption offenders in a emergency situation and the point of view of human rights, especially in Indonesia. Through qualitative normative juridical method that centers on the standards of criminal law and human rights it can be known that in spite of the fact that corruption offenders during Covid 19 is eligible to receive death penalty, The Indonesia state follows a moderately particularistic-human rights perspective that positions human rights as universal affair without dismissing the national issues.
Reporting Care of Sunburn: Evaluation and Management or Procedure?
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: June 2024

Like many illnesses and injuries, sunburn may be minor and self-limiting or a more serious illness. While management is typically limited to instructions for care at home, more significant sunburn may require treatment or hospitalization for associated dehydration or extreme pain. This article reviews the following topics:
Diagnosis codes for sunburn (due to sun or other UV exposure) Codes for reporting burn treatment Evaluation and management (E/M) versus burn treatment