bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prebiotic Synthesis of Pterins
Authors: Marín‐Yaseli Margarita R. , Mompeán Cristina , Ruiz‐Bermejo Marta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe genesis of life on Earth is a hypothesis of evolutionary science that can be, at least partially, tested experimentally. The prebiotic synthesis of cofactors or coenzymes is a poorly explored issue, likely because their formation under plausible prebiotic conditions is not clear. In this sense, it has been proposed that the cofactors are “molecular fossils” of an early phase of life. In contrast, Eschenmoser and Loewenthal suggested a prebiotic hydrocyanic origin of cofactor building blocks. In the present paper, the formation of a set of pterins from cyanide polymerizations is demonstrated, showing that the main structure of some cofactors can be prebiotically formed. Indeed, it was observed that aqueous aerosols additionally increase the relative composition for pterins in the insoluble NH4CN polymers synthesized. The novel identification of pterins in NH4CN polymers, together with the previous detection of other important biomonomers, indicates that cyanide polymerizations were essential in the early state of prebiotic chemistry.
Palladiumkatalyse im industriellen Einsatz
Authors: Schlummer Björn 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPalladiumkatalysierte Reaktionen sind mittlerweile fest als industrielle Produktionstechnologie etabliert. Hierbei sind die C‐C‐ aber auch die C‐N‐Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen in der homogenen Katalyse zu herausragender Bedeutung gelangt. Aufgrund der Vielfältigkeit der einsetzbaren Kupplungspartner sind neue Substanzklassen einfach zugänglich geworden, die unterschiedlichste Funktionalitäten auf verschiedensten Feldern der biologischen oder technischen Applikationen zeigen. Die Einfachheit und Robustheit dieser Synthesetechnik trägt wesentlich zur erfolgreichen technischen Implementierung bei.
Paracetamol: gefährlicher als man denkt!
Authors: Brune Kay 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVor 130 Jahren wurde durch einen Zufall die antipyretische Wirkung des Acetanilids, eines direkten Abkömmlings des Anilins entdeckt. Trotz gefährlicher Methämoglobinbildung fand Acetanilid und das daraus entwickelte Phenacetin weltweit Anwendung. Phenacetin kam nach 50 Jahren intensiven Gebrauchs in Verdacht, Nierenschäden auszulösen. Dieses Problem sollte durch die Anwendung von Paracetamol, des Hauptabbauprodukts des Phenacetins, vermieden werden. Paracetamol erwies sich allerdings als hepatotoxisch. Auch gefährliche Hautreaktionen und eine erhöhte Leukämiegefahr werden vermutet. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der letzten Jahre zeigen, dass Paracetamol bei geringer analgetischer Wirksamkeit das Auftreten aller Probleme der nichtsteroidalen Analgetika (Zyklooxygenasehemmer) provozieren kann: Magen‐Darm‐Schäden, Herzinfarkte und Schlaganfälle. Zusätzlich löst es gelegentlich bereits in therapeutischer Dosierung schwere Leberschäden aus. Da es harmlosere und wirksamere Schmerzmittel gibt, sollte der Einsatz von Paracetamol überdacht werden. Modernen Sicherheitsanforderungen entspricht dieser Wirkstoff nicht. Eine Neuzulassung wäre heute unmöglich.
Synthesis of 2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate and Assessment of Its in vivo Biodistribution as Determined by Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Authors: Santschi Nico , Wagner Stefan , Daniliuc Constantin , Hermann Sven , Schäfers Michael , Gilmour Ryan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein we disclose the synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyisosorbide 5‐mononitrate (2F‐IS‐5MN), a fluorinated analogue of the commonly prescribed vasodilator isosorbide 5‐mononitrate (IS‐5MN). X‐ray structural data for IS‐5MN and its C2‐epimeric congener IM‐5MN are presented together with structural data for 2F‐IS‐5MN. Radioisotope labeling of 2F‐IS‐5MN has, for the first time, allowed observation of the in vivo biodistribution of this organic nitrate by means of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) in wild‐type mice.
Remote storage management in science gateways via data bridging
Authors: Hajnal Ákos , Márton István , Farkas Zoltán , Kacsuk Péter 
Published: August 2015

SummaryState‐of‐the‐art science gateways can be connected to several distributed computing infrastructures (DCIs) and are able to run jobs and workflows simultaneously in all those DCIs. Flexibility of accessing diverse data storages from these workflows and assisting end users to manage these storages are however the missing features in current gateway implementations, in which these problems often prove to be a barrier of exploiting the power of distributed computing by user communities having no or little IT competence. This paper addresses these issues by integrating a data bridging service called Data Avenue into WS‐PGRADE/gUSE portal framework. Data Avenue offers tools for the end users to easily manage their data residing on various storage resources, and also, jobs become capable of accessing different storages regardless of the particular distributed computing infrastructure where the job is currently being run. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental test on time constraint and sexual conflict over parental care
Authors: Griggio Matteo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBecause parental care is costly, a sexual conflict between parents over parental investment is expected to arise. Parental care behavior is an adaptive decision, involving trade‐offs between remating, and consequently desertion of the brood, and continuing parental effort. If the main advantage of desertion is remating, then this will be a time constraint, because the deserting individual will require a certain minimum period of time to breed again in the same breeding season. So, a short breeding season should force certain individuals to desert the first brood to have enough time to successfully complete their second breeding attempt. The rock sparrow, Petronia petronia, is an unusual species in which brood desertion can occur in both sexes and the breeding season is quite short so it is a good species to investigate the role of time constraint on brood desertion. For 3 years, I investigated the brood desertion modality of the rock sparrow. Then, for 2 years, I removed a group of experimental nest boxes during the autumn. Later, I re‐installed the experimental nest boxes after the start of the breeding season (2 weeks after the first egg was laid), mimicking a shortening of the breeding season for the (experimental) pairs that used experimental nest boxes. I found that in the experimental pairs, the percentage of deserting individuals was significantly higher than in the control groups, and the deserting individuals were older females. This experiment adds to our knowledge of timing of reproduction effects on individual decisions to desert by showing that a short and delayed breeding season may have different effects on males and females. To my knowledge, this is the first experimental study that demonstrates a direct link between time constraint and brood desertion.
Starved human T lymphocytes keep fighting
Authors: Finlay David K. 
Published: August 2015

Cellular metabolism is emerging as a key determinant of T‐lymphocyte differentiation and function. While this new paradigm has been primarily characterized in murine systems, research is now characterizing a role for different aspects of cellular metabolism in controlling human T‐lymphocyte biology. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Renner et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 2504–2516] analyze the glycolytic and mitochondrial activity of activated human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and correlate it to T‐cell function. The authors show that although neither glucose deprivation nor mitochondrial restriction affects cytokine production, the glycolytic inhibitor 2‐deoxyglucose severely affects T‐cell function.
Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics
Authors: Acunha Tanize , Ibáñez Clara , García‐Cañas Virginia , Simó Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: August 2015

This review work presents and discusses the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Papers that were published during the period February 2013–February 2015 are included following the previous review by Garcia‐Cañas et al. (Electrophoresis, 2014, 35, 147–169). Analysis by CE of a large variety of food‐related molecules with different chemical properties, including amino acids, hazardous amines, peptides, proteins, phenols, polyphenols, lipids, carbohydrates, DNAs, vitamins, toxins, contaminants, pesticides, residues, food additives, as well as small organic and inorganic compounds. This work includes recent results on food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage, bioactivity, as well as applications of CE for monitoring food processing. The use, among other CE developments, of microchips, CE‐MS, and chiral CE in food analysis and Foodomics is also discussed.
Phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of pomace extracts from four Virginia‐grown grape varieties
Authors: Xu Yixiang , Burton Sheanell , Kim Chyer , Sismour Edward 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGrape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of pomace extracts from four Virginia‐grown grape varieties were investigated. White grape pomaces had higher (P < 0.05) solvent extraction yield than red varieties. Concentrations of total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total anthocyanin (TAC), tannins, condensed tannins (CT), as well as antioxidant capacities (DPPH• and ABTS•+free radical scavenging) differed (P < 0.05) among four pomace extracts. ABTS•+ scavenging capacity was positively correlated with TPC, TFC, tannins, and CT (P < 0.05), whereas DPPH• capacity was positively correlated with TAC (P < 0.05). Nine flavonoid compounds were identified, of which catechin and epicatechin were the two most abundant. Antibacterial activity was observed against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, but not against Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 3510 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. L. monocytogenes was more susceptible than S. aureus.
WHI-131 Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation and Prevents Osteoclast Formation and Resorption in Mice
Authors: Cheon Yoon-Hee , Kim Ju-Young , Baek Jong Min , Ahn Sung-Jun , Jun Hong Young , Erkhembaatar Munkhsoyol , Kim Min Seuk , Lee Myeung Su , Oh Jaemin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The small molecule WHI-131 is a potent therapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antileukemic potential. However, the regulatory effects of WHI-131 on osteoblast and osteoclast activity are unclear. We examined the effects of WHI-131 on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation with respect to bone remodeling. The production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) by osteoblasts in response to interleukin (IL)-1 or IL-6 stimulation decreased by 56.8% or 50.58%, respectively, in the presence of WHI-131. WHI-131 also abrogated the formation of mature osteoclasts induced by IL-1 or IL-6 stimulation. Moreover, WHI-131 treatment decreased RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages, and reduced the resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. WHI-131 further decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) by almost twofold, and significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the following genes: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), DC-STAMP, OC-STAMP, ATP6v0d2, and cathepsin K (CtsK) compared with the control group. WHI-131 further suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκB); Ca2+ oscillation was also affected, and phosphorylation of the C-terminal Src kinase (c-Src)–Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk)–phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) (c-Src-Btk-PLCg2 calcium signaling pathway) was inhibited following WHI-131 treatment. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway was activated by WHI-131, accompanied by phosphorylation of STAT3 Ser727 and dephosphorylation of STAT6. In osteoblasts, WHI-131 caused an approximately fourfold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining intensity. Treatment with WHI-131 increased the mRNA expression levels of genes related to osteoblast differentiation, and induced the phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and Smad1/5/8. Furthermore, 5-week-old ICR mice treated with WHI-131 exhibited antiresorbing effects in a lipopolysaccharide-induced calvaria bone loss model in vivo and increased bone-forming activity in a calvarial bone formation model. Therefore, the results of this study show that WHI-131 plays a dual role by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Thus, WHI-131 could be a useful pharmacological agent to treat osteoporosis by promoting bone growth and inhibiting resorption. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Liver resection after selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT): Proof of concept, initial survival, and safety
Authors: Justinger Christoph , Kouladouros Konstantinos , Gärtner Daniel , Tatsch Klaus , Reimer Peter , Rüdiger Thomas , Binnenhei Martin , Bentz Martin , Schön Michael R. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesExtent of liver resections are restricted by the volume of the future liver remnant. Different strategies have been developed to increase the frequency of curative resections. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) has emerged as an effective therapy for patients with primary non‐resectable malignancies of the liver. Here, we report the first clinical series of patients with curative liver resection following SIRT.MethodsStarting 2010, patients with marginally resectable liver metastases treated by SIRT followed by liver resection were identified and prospectively documented in a database for subsequent retrospective analysis.ResultsThirteen patients (five female, eight male; age 70 years [32–77 years]) with marginally resectable liver metastases were selected for liver resection after SIRT. After performing SIRT, 12 patients had potentially curative hepatic resection. In two patients, liver resection after SIRT could not be performed due to the appearance of new extrahepatic metastases. Analyzing the effect of SIRT, we observed a decrease in tumor size with central scaring. None of the patients developed liver necrosis after SIRT. Liver resection was performed safely in all patients.ConclusionsThe combination of SIRT with state‐of‐the‐art liver surgery opens up new therapeutic options in patients with liver metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:436–442. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors related to occurrence and aggravation of pancreatic fistula after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Daisuke , Iwata Naoki , Tanaka Chie , Kanda Mitsuro , Yamada Suguru , Nakayama Goro , Fujii Tsutomu , Koike Masahiko , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectivesPancreatic fistula (PF) and subsequent intra‐abdominal abscess is a serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The study aims to evaluate amylase concentration of drainage fluid (d‐AMY) and serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) as the predictive factors related to PF amounting to Clavien–Dindo (CD) grade III.Methods448 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were analyzed. Closed drains were placed in the left subphrenic cavity and/or Winslow's cavity depending on the procedures. The cutoff values of d‐AMY and CRP were determined, and their roles as predictive factors for CD grade III PF were evaluated.ResultsPF, diagnosed in 58 patients, was stratified according to the CD classification. Consequently, grade III PF which includes PF‐related abscesses was observed in 32 patients. The cutoff value of d‐AMY on the first postoperative day for predicting grade III PF was 1949 IU/l. The cutoff value of CRP on the third postoperative day for the same purpose was 20.44 mg/dl. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that d‐AMY and CRP were significant predictive factors for grade III PF.ConclusionsThe d‐AMY on the first postoperative day and CRP on the third postoperative day might be useful for predicting CD grade III PF after gastrectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:381–386. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of hearing loss and the normal ear in cases of unilateral Microtia with aural atresia
Authors: Billings Kathleen R. , Qureshi Hannan , Gouveia Christopher , Ittner Colleen , Hoff Stephen R. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify the rate of hearing loss related to middle ear disease and the frequency of tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion in the contralateral ear of patients with unilateral microtia/aural atresia.Study DesignRetrospective case series of patients less than 3 years of age with unilateral microtia/aural atresia treated at an urban, tertiary care children's hospital from 2008 to 2013.MethodsClinical and audiologic data were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relative risk of TT insertion in the normal ear.ResultsA total of 72 patients were included for analysis. The average age of patients at their initial otolaryngology visit was 3.3 months (range 0.08–1.67 years); 38 (52.8%) patients were males. Aural atresia involved the right ear in 43 (59.7%) cases. Five (6.9%) patients were syndromic. Abnormal audiometric testing of the normal ear was noted in 12 (16.7%), and 14 (19.4%) underwent TT during the first 3 years of life. Twelve children (85.7%) who had a TT placed were nonsyndromic. When compared to published norms for TT placement in the general population (6.8% of children < 3 year of age), a greater proportion of children with unilateral microtia/aural atresia had TT placement in the normal ear (z = 4.26, P < 0.0001).ConclusionPatients with unilateral microtia/aural atresia have increased rates of hearing loss and middle ear effusion leading to TT in their normal ear at a higher rate versus the general population. This information can help guide more vigilant care and audiologic follow‐up in affected children.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1470–1474, 2016
Rhinology and medical malpractice: An update of the medicolegal landscape of the last ten years
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Justin Grant A. , Ruhl Douglas S. , Cable Benjamin B. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisMalpractice claims pertaining to rhinological procedures are a potentially important source of information that could be used to minimize the risk of future litigation and improve patient care.Study DesignA retrospective review of a publicly available database containing jury verdicts and settlements.MethodsThe LexisNexis Jury Verdicts and Settlements database was reviewed for all lawsuits and out‐of‐court adjudications related to the practice of rhinology. Data including patient demographics, type of surgery performed, plaintiff allegation, nature of injury, outcomes, and indemnities were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf 85 cases meeting inclusion criteria, 42 were decided by a jury and 43 were adjudicated out of court. Endoscopic sinus surgery was the most commonly litigated surgery. The plaintiff was favored when the eye was injured (P = 0.0196), but the defendant was favored when neuropsychological injuries (P = 0.0137) or recurrent/worsened symptoms (P = 0.0050) were cited. No difference was found when death or skull base injuries occurred. When lack of informed consent was an allegation, the defendant was favored (P = 0.0001). A payout was made in two‐thirds of cases overall, but the defendant was favored in two‐thirds of cases decided by a jury. Payments were significant for both out‐of‐court settlements ($1.3 million) and jury verdicts ($2 million).ConclusionsEndoscopic sinus surgery remains the most commonly litigated rhinology procedure and has the potential to result in large payouts. Meticulous dissection, recognition of complications, and documentation of informed consent remain paramount for providing optimal patient care.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 126:14–19, 2016
A lean neck mass clinic model: Adding value to care
Authors: Tillman Brittny N. , Glazer Tiffany A. , Ray Amrita , Brenner J. Chad , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo demonstrate that ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (USFNA) with on‐site cytopathologic analysis eliminates unnecessary diagnostic testing, return visits, and repeat procedures and optimizes quality of care.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsSixty‐one new patients (28 female; 33 male; age range = 19–85 years) were seen in our dedicated neck mass clinic over a 1‐year period. All patients underwent USFNA of masses located in neck levels I–VI (n = 40), parotid gland (n = 20), or parapharyngeal space (n = 1). Each patient underwent two USFNA passes followed by on‐site cytopathologic analysis with additional passes if required for diagnosis.ResultsDiagnosis was made in 93.4% (n = 57) of patients, allowing for counseling and treatment planning at the first visit. To obtain a diagnosis, more than half (57.4%, n = 35) of our patients required additional passes, which implies that they would have required an additional visit without on‐site cytopathologic analysis. Treatment included observation in 42.6% (n = 26) of patients, surgery in 32.8 % (n = 20) of patients, and nonsurgical treatment (chemotherapy, radiation, other) in 24.6% (n = 15) of patients. The average time from check‐in to checkout including the clinic visit, biopsy, and treatment counseling was 103 minutes, and the average round trip mileage traveled per patient was 127.6 miles.ConclusionsThe adult neck mass is a commonly encountered scenario in otolaryngology. For the patient, this can be a stressful situation in which timely and accurate diagnosis is critical. A dedicated lean neck mass clinic model with USFNA and on‐site cytopathologic analysis can be both an efficient part of one's practice and a valuable addition to patient care.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2509–2513, 2015
Is Direct Seeding a Biologically Viable Strategy for Restoring Forest Ecosystems? Evidences from a Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ceccon Eliane , González Edgar J. , Martorell Carlos 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEcological restoration has become an important technique for mitigating the human impacts on natural vegetation. Planting seedlings is the most common approach to regain lost forest cover. However, these activities require a large economic investment. Direct seeding is considered a cheaper and easier alternative technique, in which tree seeds are introduced directly on the site rather than transplanting seedlings from nurseries. To evaluate the effectiveness of direct seeding, we conducted a comprehensive search of the literature using ‘restoration’, ‘direct seeding’ and ‘sowing’ as keywords, and we performed a meta‐analysis using 30 papers and 89 species. We used two different measures of restoration success: seed germination probability and success probability (the chance that a seed germinates and survives until the end of the experiment). In general, restoration attempts using direct‐seeding techniques were relatively unsuccessful. On average, seed germination and success probability were 0·239 and 0·114, respectively, and were not affected by climate, species successional group or the application of pre‐germinative treatments. Germination and success probability increased with seed size, and the use of physical protections resulted in a nearly twofold increase in germination probability, but this effect faded by the end of the experiments. Because of the low rate of seedling success, we suggest the use of direct seeding as a complementary technique to reduce restoration costs, particularly for species with large seeds and known high germination rates, but our results do not support direct seeding as a substitute for seedling planting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.