bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nature of, and reasons for, ‘inappropriate’ hospitalisations among patients with palliative care needs: A qualitative exploration of the views of generalist palliative care providers
Authors: Gott Merryn , Frey Rosemary , Robinson Jackie , Boyd Michal , O’Callaghan Anne , Richards Naomi , Snow Barry 
Published: January 2013

Background: Recent studies have concluded that there is significant potential to reduce the extent of ‘inappropriate’ hospitalisations among patients with palliative care needs. However, the nature of, and reasons for, inappropriate hospitalisations within a palliative care context is under-explored. Aim: To explore the opinions of ‘generalist’ palliative care providers regarding the nature of, and reasons for, inappropriate admissions among hospital inpatients with palliative care needs. Design: Qualitative study with data collected via individual interviews and focus groups. Setting/participants: Participants (n = 41) comprised ‘generalist’ palliative care providers working in acute hospital and community settings. Setting: One District Health Board in an urban area of New Zealand. Results: The majority of participants discussed ‘appropriateness’ in relation to their own understanding of a good death, which typically involved care being delivered in a ‘homely’ environment, from known people. Differing attitudes among cultural groups were also evident. The following reasons for inappropriate admissions were identified: family carers being unable to cope, the ‘rescue culture’ of modern medicine, the financing and availability of community services and practice within aged residential care. Conclusions: On the basis of our findings, we recommend a shift to the term ‘potentially avoidable’ admission rather than ‘inappropriate admission’. We also identify an urgent need for debate regarding the role of the acute hospital within a palliative care context. Interventions to reduce hospital admissions within this population must target societal understandings of death and dying within the context of medicalisation, as well as take into account cultural and ethnic diversity in attitudes, if they are to be successful.
Negative feedback on IL-23 exerted by IL-17A during pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Silverpil Elin , Wright Adam KA , Hansson Marit , Jirholt Pernilla , Henningsson Louise , Smith Margaretha E , Gordon Stephen B , Iwakura Yoichiro , Gjertsson Inger , Glader Pernilla , Lindén Anders 
Published: January 2013

It is now established that IL-17 has a broad pro-inflammatory potential in mammalian host defense, in inflammatory disease and in autoimmunity, whereas little is known about its anti-inflammatory potential and inhibitory feedback mechanisms. Here, we examined whether IL-17A can inhibit the extracellular release of IL-23 protein, the upstream regulator of IL-17A producing lymphocyte subsets, that is released from macrophages during pulmonary inflammation. We characterized the effect of IL-17A on IL-23 release in several models of pulmonary inflammation, evaluated the presence of IL-17 receptor A (RA) and C (RC) on human alveolar macrophages and assessed the role of the Rho family GTPase Rac1 as a mediator of the effect of IL-17A on the release of IL-23 protein. In a model of sepsis-induced pneumonia, intravenous exposure to Staphylococcus aureus caused higher IL-23 protein concentrations in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from IL-17A knockout (KO) mice, compared with wild type (WT) control mice. In a model of Gram-negative airway infection, pre-treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-17A Ab and subsequent intranasal (i.n.) exposure to LPS caused higher IL-23 and IL-17A protein concentrations in BAL samples compared with mice exposed to LPS, but pre-treated with an isotype control Ab. Moreover, i.n. exposure with IL-17A protein per se decreased IL- 23 protein concentrations in BAL samples. We detected IL-17RA and IL-17RC on human alveolar macrophages, and found that in vitro stimulation of these cells with IL-17A protein, after exposure to LPS, decreased IL-23 protein in conditioned medium, but not IL-23 p19 or p40 mRNA. This study indicates that IL-17A can partially inhibit the release of IL-23 protein during pulmonary inflammation, presumably by stimulating the here demonstrated receptor units IL-17RA and IL-17RC on alveolar macrophages. Hypothetically, the demonstrated mechanism may serve as negative feedback to protect from excessive IL-17A signaling and to control antibacterial host defense once it is activated.
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Wertz Jess , Galli Melissa , Borchers James R. 
Published: January 2013

Context: Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in athletes is increasing in incidence and accounts for one of the most devastating sports injuries because of the threat to alter or end a career. Despite the magnitude of this injury, reliable risk assessment has not been clearly defined, and prevention strategies have been limited. The purpose of this review is to identify potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for AT rupture in aerial and ground athletes stated in the current literature. Evidence Acquisition: A MEDLINE search was conducted on AT rupture, or “injury” and “risk factors” and “athletes” from 1980 to 2011. Emphasis was placed on epidemiology, etiology, and review articles focusing on the risk for lower extremity injury in runners and gymnasts. Thirty articles were reviewed, and 22 were included in this assessment. Results: Aerial and ground athletes share many intrinsic risk factors for AT rupture, including overuse and degeneration of the tendon as well as anatomical variations that mechanically put an athlete at risk. Older athletes, athletes atypical in size for their sport, high tensile loads, leg dominance, and fatigue also may increase risk. Aerial athletes tend to have more extrinsic factors that play a role in this injury due to the varying landing surfaces from heights and technical maneuvers performed at various skill levels. Conclusion: Risk assessment for AT rupture in aerial and ground athletes is multivariable and difficult in terms of developing prevention strategies. Quantitative measures of individual risk factors may help identify major contributors to injury.
Modelling metal–humic substances–surface systems: reasons for success, failure and possible routes for peace of mind
Authors: Reiller P. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIron oxides and oxyhydroxides are commonly of considerable importance in the sorption of ions onto rocks, soils and sediments. They can be the controlling sorptive phases even if they are present in relatively small quantities. In common with other oxides and clay minerals, the sorption pH-edge of metals is directly linked to their hydrolysis: the higher the residual charge on the metal ion, the lower the pH-edge. Modelling of this process has been successfully carried out using different microscopic or macroscopic definitions of the interface (e.g. surface complexation or ion exchange models that may or may not include mineralogical descriptions). The influence of organic material on the sorption of many metals is of significant. This organic material includes simple organic molecules and more complex exopolymeric substances (e.g. humic substances) produced by the decay of natural organic matter. Sorption of this organic material to mineral surfaces has been the subject of a large body of work. The various types of organic substances do not share the same affinities for mineral surfaces in general, and for iron oxides and oxyhydroxides in particular. In those cases in which successful models of the component binary systems (i.e. metal–surface, metal–organic, organic–surface) have been developed, the formation of mixed surface complexes, the evolution of the surface itself, the addition order in laboratory systems, and the evolution of natural organic matter fractions during sorption, have often precluded a satisfactory description of metal–surface–organic ternary systems over a sufficiently wide range of parameter values (i.e. pH, ionic strength, concentration of humic substances). This manuscript describes the reasons for some successes and failures in the modelling of the ternary systems. Promising recent advances and possible methods of providing more complete descriptions of these intricate systems are also discussed.
Geochemical barriers to elemental migration in sulfide-rich tailings: three case studies from Western Siberia
Authors: Bogush A. A. , Galkova O. G. , Ishuk N. V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study describes geochemical barriers that have developed at three different localities in sulfiderich tailings in the Kemerovo region of Western Siberia, Russia. Iron oxyhydroxides, gypsum, malachite, chalcanthite, goslarite, bianchite, gunningite and copper and zinc chlorides crystallized in the sequence specified at an evaporative barrier around glassy slag produced by the Belovo zinc processing plant. A complex cemented barrier that has developed within the old Salair sulfide tailings contains two well defined layers: an upper layer containing Fe(III) minerals and gypsum as cements in which Pb, As, Mo, Ni and Co have been deposited; and (2) a lower calcite- and gypsum-bearing layer, in which phases containing Zn, Cd and Cu have been deposited. A complex organic-mineral barrier below the Ursk sulfide tailings consists of peaty organic matter, clay minerals and iron oxyhydroxides cemented by gypsum. Elements that have leached from the tailings are present in this barrier in a variety of different forms: Ca and Mn are present as water-soluble species; Cu, Fe and Zn are present as species produced by interaction with organic matter via ion-exchange, metal humate formation and cation bridging in organic-mineral complexes; Pb and As are co-precipitated with and/or adsorbed onto iron oxyhydroxides; gold has been deposited as minute particles of native metal. The mechanisms for the formation of the different geochemical barriers are discussed.
High PD-1 expression and suppressed cytokine signaling distinguish T cells infiltrating follicular lymphoma tumors from peripheral T cells
Authors: Myklebust June H. , Irish Jonathan M. , Brody Joshua , Czerwinski Debra K. , Houot Roch , Kohrt Holbrook E. , Timmerman John , Said Jonathan , Green Michael R. , Delabie Jan , Kolstad Arne , Alizadeh Ash A. , Levy Ronald 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
FL TILs have reduced cytokine signaling.
E2A transcription factors limit expression of Gata3 to facilitate T lymphocyte lineage commitment
Authors: Xu Wei , Carr Tiffany , Ramirez Kevin , McGregor Stephanie , Sigvardsson Mikael , Kee Barbara L. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
GATA3 is elevated in E2A−/− DN2 cells. GATA3 contributes to arrested T-cell development from E2A−/− DN2 cells.
Robust T-cell stimulation by Epstein-Barr virus–transformed B cells after antigen targeting to DEC-205
Authors: Leung Carol S. , Maurer Michael A. , Meixlsperger Sonja , Lippmann Anne , Cheong Cheolho , Zuo Jianmin , Haigh Tracey A. , Taylor Graham S. , Münz Christian 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
B cells contribute to MHC presentation of DEC-205–targeted antigen. Activated B cells present DEC-205–targeted antigen efficiently, because they retain it longer.
A randomized phase 3 trial of thalidomide and prednisone as maintenance therapy after ASCT in patients with MM with a quality-of-life assessment: the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinicals Trials Group Myeloma 10 Trial
Authors: Stewart A. Keith , Trudel Suzanne , Bahlis Nizar J. , White Darrell , Sabry Waleed , Belch Andrew , Reiman Tony , Roy Jean , Shustik Chaim , Kovacs Michael J. , Rubinger Morel , Cantin Guy , Song Kevin , Tompkins Kirsty A. , Marcellus Deb C. , Lacy Martha Q. , Sussman Jonathan , Reece Donna , Brundage Michael , Harnett Erica L. , Shepherd Lois , Chapman Judy-Anne W. , Meyer Ralph M. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Thalidomide and prednisone maintenance after transplantation improves progression-free but not overall survival.
Hierarchy in somatic mutations arising during genomic evolution and progression of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Green Michael R. , Gentles Andrew J. , Nair Ramesh V. , Irish Jonathan M. , Kihira Shingo , Liu Chih Long , Kela Itai , Hopmans Erik S. , Myklebust June H. , Ji Hanlee , Plevritis Sylvia K. , Levy Ronald , Alizadeh Ash A. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
Analysis of coding genomes of FL tumor subpopulations reveals striking clonal diversity at diagnosis and progression. Within a hierarchy of somatic evolution of FL coding genomes, many recurrent mutations are subclonal at diagnosis.
Integrin-mediated internalization of Staphylococcus aureus does not require vinculin
Authors: Borisova Marina , Shi Yong , Buntru Alexander , Wörner Susanne , Ziegler Wolfgang H , Hauck Christof R 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Disease manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus are connected to the fibronectin (Fn)-binding capacity of these Gram-positive pathogens. Fn deposition on the surface of S. aureus allows engagement of α5β1 integrins and triggers uptake by host cells. For several integrin- and actin-associated cytoplasmic proteins, including FAK, Src, N-WASP, tensin and cortactin, a functional role during bacterial invasion has been demonstrated. As reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is critical for bacterial entry, we investigated whether vinculin, an essential protein linking integrins with the actin cytoskeleton, may contribute to the integrin-mediated internalization of S. aureus.

Results
Complementation of vinculin in vinculin -/- cells, vinculin overexpression, as well as shRNA-mediated vinculin knock-down in different eukaryotic cell types demonstrate, that vinculin does not have a functional role during the integrin-mediated uptake of S. aureus.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that vinculin is insignificant for the integrin-mediated uptake of S. aureus despite the critical role of vinculin as a linker between integrins and F-actin.
Thrombocytopenia is not mandatory to diagnose haemolytic and uremic syndrome
Authors: Sallée Marion , Ismail Khalil , Fakhouri Fadi , Vacher-Coponat Henri , Moussi-Francés Julie , Frémaux-Bacchi Véronique , Burtey Stéphane 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS) diagnosis involves association of non immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. HUS without thrombocytopenia has been observed, we call it partial HUS. Its real frequency and outcome are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of patients with normal platelets count in two HUS cohorts and to compare their outcome to patients with thrombocytopenia.

Methods
We retrospectively identified HUS diagnosis in two different cohorts. The first cohort was from a single center and consisted of all cases of HUS whatever the aetiology, the second was multicentric and consisted of atypical HUS patients. These cohorts were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia. Clinical and biological data were compared between thrombopenic and non thrombopenic group.

Results
We identified 13% (20/150) of patients with normal platelets count: 10 episodes (18%) of HUS in six patients (14%) in the monocentric cohort and 14 patients (13%) with 17 episodes (12%) in the multicentric cohort of atypical HUS. Groups differed in platelets count and LDH level. In both cohorts, renal outcome was similar to patient presenting with thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion
HUS with normal platelets count is not infrequent. Relative to classical clinical presentation of HUS, partial HUS has similar characteristics and identical poor renal outcome and so must be treated in the same way.
Predictors of the number of under-five malnourished children in Bangladesh: application of the generalized poisson regression model
Authors: Islam Mohammad Mafijul , Alam Morshed , Tariquzaman Md , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Pervin Rokhsona , Begum Munni , Khan Md Mobarak Hossain 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Malnutrition is one of the principal causes of child mortality in developing countries including Bangladesh. According to our knowledge, most of the available studies, that addressed the issue of malnutrition among under-five children, considered the categorical (dichotomous/polychotomous) outcome variables and applied logistic regression (binary/multinomial) to find their predictors. In this study malnutrition variable (i.e. outcome) is defined as the number of under-five malnourished children in a family, which is a non-negative count variable. The purposes of the study are (i) to demonstrate the applicability of the generalized Poisson regression (GPR) model as an alternative of other statistical methods and (ii) to find some predictors of this outcome variable.

Methods
The data is extracted from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007. Briefly, this survey employs a nationally representative sample which is based on a two-stage stratified sample of households. A total of 4,460 under-five children is analysed using various statistical techniques namely Chi-square test and GPR model.

Results
The GPR model (as compared to the standard Poisson regression and negative Binomial regression) is found to be justified to study the above-mentioned outcome variable because of its under-dispersion (variance < mean) property. Our study also identify several significant predictors of the outcome variable namely mother’s education, father’s education, wealth index, sanitation status, source of drinking water, and total number of children ever born to a woman.

Conclusions
Consistencies of our findings in light of many other studies suggest that the GPR model is an ideal alternative of other statistical models to analyse the number of under-five malnourished children in a family. Strategies based on significant predictors may improve the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh.
Evidence for cervical cancer mortality with screening program in Taiwan, 1981–2010: age-period-cohort model
Authors: Su Shih-Yung , Huang Jing-Yang , Ho Chien-Chang , Liaw Yung-Po 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer experienced by women worldwide; however, screening techniques are very effective for reducing the risk of death. The national cervical cancer screening program was implemented in Taiwan in 1995. The objective of this study was to examine and provide evidence of the cervical cancer mortality trends for the periods before and after the screening program was implemented.

Methods
Data from 1981 to 2010 of the causes of death registered were obtained from the Department of Health, Taiwan. Age-standardized mortality rates, age-specific rates, and age-period-cohort models that employed the sequential method were used to assess temporal changes that occurred between 1981 and 2010, with 1995 used as the separating year.

Results
The results showed that for both time periods of 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2010, age and period had significant effects, whereas the birth cohort effects were insignificant. For patients between 80 and 84 years of age, the mortality rate for 1981 to 1995 and 1996 to 2010 was 48.34 and 68.08. The cervical cancer mortality rate for 1996 to 2010 was 1.0 for patients between 75 and 79 years of age and 1.4 for patients between 80 and 84 years of age compared to that for 1981 to 1995. Regarding the period effect, the mortality trend decreased 2-fold from 1996 to 2010.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate a decline in cervical cancer mortality trends after the screening program involving Papanicolaou tests was implemented in 1995. However, the positive effects of the screening program were not observed in elderly women because of treatment delays during the initial implementation of the screening program.
Improved health outcomes with Etanercept versus usual DMARD therapy in an Asian population with established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bae Sang-Cheol , Gun Suk Chyn , Mok Chi Chiu , Khandker Rezaul , Nab Henk W , Koenig Andrew S , Vlahos Bonnie , Pedersen Ron , Singh Amitabh 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Patient reported outcomes (PROs) are especially useful in assessing treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since they measure dimensions of health-related quality of life that cannot be captured using strictly objective physiological measures. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of combination etanercept and methotrexate (ETN + MTX) versus combination synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and methotrexate (DMARD + MTX) on PRO measures among RA patients from the Asia-Pacific region, a population not widely studied to date. Patients with established moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to methotrexate were studied.

Methods
Patients were randomized to either ETN + MTX (N = 197) or DMARD + MTX (N = 103) in an open-label, active-comparator, multicenter study, with PRO measures designed as prospective secondary endpoints. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale (FACIT-Fatigue), Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health (WPAI:GH) were used.

Results
Significantly greater improvements were noted for the ETN + MTX group at week16 for HAQ mean scores and for proportion of patients achieving HAQ score ≤ 0.5, compared to patients in the DMARD + MTX group. SF-36 Summary Scores for physical and mental components and for 6 of 8 health domains showed significantly greater improvements at week16 for the ETN + MTX group; only scores for physical functioning and role-emotional domains did not differ significantly between the two treatment arms. Greater improvements at week16 were noted for the ETN + MTX group for FACIT-Fatigue, HADS, and WPAI:GH mean scores.

Conclusion
Combination therapy using ETN + MTX demonstrated superior improvements using a comprehensive set of PRO measures, compared to combination therapy with usual standard of care DMARDs plus MTX in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis from the Asia-Pacific region.

Trial registration
clintrials.gov # NCT00422227