bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic lacerations: what are the risks for infection and has the ‘golden period’ of laceration care disappeared?
Authors: Quinn James V , Polevoi Steven K , Kohn Michael A 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors associated with infection and traumatic lacerations and to see if a relationship exists between infection and time to wound closure after injury.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting with traumatic lacerations at three diverse emergency departments were prospectively enrolled and 27 variables were collected at the time of treatment. Patients were followed for 30 days to determine the development of a wound infection and desire for scar revision.Results2663 patients completed follow-up and 69 (2.6%, 95% CI 2.0% to 3.3%) developed infection. Infected wounds were more likely to receive a worse cosmetic rating and more likely to be considered for scar revision (RR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.9). People with diabetes (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.5), lower extremity lacerations (RR 4.1, 95% CI 2.5 to 6.8), contaminated lacerations (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.4) and lacerations greater than 5 cm (RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.2) were more likely to develop an infection. There were no differences in the infection rates for lacerations closed before 3% (95% CI 2.3% to 3.8%) or after 1.2% (95% CI 0.03% to 6.4%) 12 h.ConclusionsDiabetes, wound contamination, length greater than 5 cm and location on the lower extremity are important risk factors for wound infection. Time from injury to wound closure is not as important as previously thought. Improvements in irrigation and decontamination over the past 30 years may have led to this change in outcome.
Analgesic response to morphine in obese and morbidly obese patients in the emergency department
Authors: Patanwala Asad E , Holmes Karen L , Erstad Brian L 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to compare the analgesic response to morphine in non-obese, obese and morbidly obese patients for acute pain.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care emergency department in the USA. Consecutive adults who received intravenous morphine 4 mg for pain were included. Patients were categorised into three groups based on body mass index (BMI): non-obese (18.5–29.9 kg/m2); obese (30.0–39.9 kg/m2); and morbidly obese (≥40 kg/m2). Baseline and post-dose pain scores were recorded. Pain was measured on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain; 10=worst possible pain). Analgesic response was defined as the difference between the initial pain score and post-dose pain score.Results300 patients were included in the study (100 in each group). The median baseline pain scores were 8.5, 8 and 8.5 in the non-obese, obese and morbidly obese groups, respectively (p=0.464). The median analgesic response after morphine administration was 2, 3 and 2 in the non-obese, obese and morbidly obese groups, respectively (p=0.160). In the linear regression analysis (R2=0.006), BMI was not predictive of analgesic response (coefficient −0.020; p=0.199).ConclusionsObesity status did not influence analgesic response to a fixed dose of morphine. This suggests that obese and morbidly obese patients do not require a higher dose of morphine for acute pain reduction compared to non-obese patients.
Pre-procedure P2Y12 reaction units value predicts perioperative thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device
Authors: Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Crandall Benjamin M , Scholz Jill M , Fease Jennifer L , Anderson Ruth E , Kadkhodayan Yasha , Tubman David E 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThere is wide variability in the reported incidence of perioperative thromboembolic (0–14%) and hemorrhagic (0–11%) complications after Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) procedures for cerebral aneurysm treatment, which could be partly due to differences in patient response to the P2Y12 receptor antagonist administered while the PED endothelializes. This study aims to identify an optimal pre-procedure P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) value range and determine the independent predictors of perioperative thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications after PED procedures.MethodsWe recorded patient and aneurysm characteristics, P2Y12 receptor antagonist administered, pre-procedure PRU value with VerifyNow, procedural variables and perioperative thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications up to postoperative day 30 after PED procedures at our institution during an 8-month period. Perioperative complications were considered major if they caused a permanent disabling neurological deficit or death. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of perioperative complications in our cohort.ResultsForty-four patients underwent 48 PED procedures at our institution during the study period. There were eight thromboembolic and hemorrhagic perioperative complications in our cohort (16.7%), four of which were major (8.3%). A pre-procedure PRU value of <60 or >240 (p=0.02) and a technically difficult procedure (p=0.04) were independent predictors of all perioperative complications. A pre-procedure PRU value of <60 or >240 (p=0.004) and a history of hypertension (p=0.03) were independent predictors of major perioperative complications.ConclusionsIn our cohort, a pre-procedure PRU value of <60 or >240 was the strongest independent predictor of all and major perioperative thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications after PED procedures.
Histopathological findings in the livers of cats with a congenital portosystemic shunt before and after surgical attenuation
Authors: Swinbourne F. , Smith K. C. , Lipscomb V. J. , Tivers M. S. 
Published: January 2013

Histopathological changes are reported in the livers of cats with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) before and after surgical attenuation. Medical records, portovenograms and liver biopsies from cats treated surgically for CPSS were reviewed. Biopsies were graded for histopathological features characteristic of CPSS. Of 40 cats with CPSS included in the study, all had portal vein hypoplasia and arteriolar hyperplasia at initial surgery, 20 (50 per cent) had hepatocyte swelling with microvesicular vacuolar change, 17 (42.5 per cent) had fibrosis, 12 (30 per cent) had hepatocyte swelling with macrovesicular vacuolar change, 8 (20 per cent) had biliary hyperplasia and 2 (5 per cent) had haemosiderin within Küpffer cells. Cats with macrovesicular vacuolar change were significantly older than cats without (P = 0.001), with median ages of 18.5 months and 8.5 months, respectively. Twenty‐five cats had partial attenuation of the CPSS at initial surgery, and 16 of these had follow‐up biopsy samples. There were no significant differences in the histopathological features of biopsies before and after partial attenuation. From first to second surgery, there was a significant improvement in intrahepatic vasculature on portovenography both before (P = 0.001) and after (P = 0.039) temporary complete attenuation. Following partial CPSS attenuation, there was no significant change in histopathological features despite an improvement in intrahepatic vasculature on portovenography.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in boxer dogs: a retrospective study of survival
Authors: Caro‐Vadillo A. , García‐Guasch L. , Carretón E. , Montoya‐Alonso J. A. , Manubens J. 
Published: January 2013

The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate survival in a population of 62 boxer dogs with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), without left ventricular systolic failure, based on the following factors: age at diagnosis, presence of syncopal episodes, Holter arrhythmia classification and administered treatment. Medical records of boxer dogs with a diagnosis of ARVC between 2000 and 2010 were reviewed. Results showed that median survival time (MST) was longer in younger ARVC dogs than in the older ones P<0.001). MST was statistically different (P=0.012) between dogs with syncope (365 days) and dogs without syncope episodes (693 days), the probability of death within a year being 4.8 times greater in dogs with syncope (95% CI 1.48 to 15.99) than in dogs without syncope. Regarding Holter classification results, MST was 547.5 days in Holter class‐2 dogs and 365 days in Holter class‐4 dogs (P=0.030). There were no differences regarding treatment options; MST was 365 days (95% CI 193.615 to 536.4) in the sotalol group, 365 days (95% CI 92.86 to 637.14) in the mexiletine plus atenolol group, and 547.50 days (95% CI 170.45 to 924.55) in the procainamide group (P=0.383). According to this study, the best prognosis is for the younger boxer dog without syncope. There were no differences in survival times in relation to the different treatment options used.
Characteristics of electronic training collars for dogs
Authors: Lines J. A. , van Driel K. , Cooper J. J. 
Published: January 2013

A wide range of electronic dog training collars (e‐collars) is available in the UK, but information enabling purchasers to compare the important characteristics of these collars is not available. In this research, the electrical characteristics of 13 e‐collar models were examined, and an approach to ranking the strength of the electrical stimuli was developed. To achieve this, the electrical impedance of dogs' necks were measured so that e‐collars could be tested under realistic conditions. This impedance was found to be about 10 kΩ for wet dogs and 640 kΩ for dry dogs. Two replicates of eight e‐collar models and single copies of a further five models were then examined. The stimuli generated by these collars comprised sequences of short high‐voltage pulses. There were large differences between e‐collar models in the energy, peak voltage, number of pulses and duration of the pulses, but little variation between the replicates. The peak voltage varied with the impedance, from 6000V at an impedance of 500 kΩ to 100V at 5 kΩ. The highest voltages were generated for a few millionths of a second. Stimulus energy levels at the maximum strength setting with a 50 kΩ load ranged from 3.3 mJ to 287 mJ. A stimulus strength ranking indicator was then developed to enable the strengths of e‐collars with diverse electrical characteristics to be ranked. This ranking shows a wide range in the stimulus strengths of collars, and that the relationships between ‘momentary’ and ‘continuous’ stimuli for various models differ significantly.
Urinary tract infections in sows in Italy: accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture against histological findings
Authors: Bellino C. , Gianella P. , Grattarola C. , Miniscalco B. , Tursi M. , Dondo A. , D'Angelo A. , Cagnasso A. 
Published: January 2013

In order to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) in sow, lower urinary tract (LUT), kidney and urine samples were collected at slaughterhouse from 65 multiparous culled sows. Histopathology was performed on urethra, urinary bladder and ­kidney sections. Urine collected by cystocentesis was analysed for physical and biochemical parameters, in addition to microscopic examination of the sediment and quantitative culture ( > 105 CFU/ml urine). The diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis and urine culture was calculated for the parameters that correlated with histological diagnosis: bilateral chronic lesions were found in 54 per cent of kidney samples and diffuse/multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the submucosa in 53 per cent of the bladder and 68 per cent of the urethra samples. In 49 per cent of cases, the co‐occurrence of bladder and urethra lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.009). Turbid urine (80 per cent sensitivity, 50 per cent specificity),  > 5 white blood cells per high‐power field (34 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), intracellular or free bacteria (43 per cent sensitivity, 90 per cent specificity), and urine culture (49 per cent sensitivity, 97 per cent specificity) correlated with a finding of histopathological changes in the bladder. UTI appears to be common in culled sows in northern Italy. Compared with histopathology, urinalysis and urine culture showed low sensitivity but high specificity in detecting UTI.
CHAOTIC REGIMES, POST-BIFURCATION DYNAMICS, AND COMPETITIVE MODES FOR A GENERALIZED DOUBLE HOPF NORMAL FORM
Authors: REEVES BRANDON , VAN GORDER ROBERT A. , CHOUDHURY S. ROY 
Published: January 2013

We discuss the post-bifurcation dynamics of the general double Hopf normal form, which allows us to study two intermittent routes to chaos (routes following either (i) subcritical or (ii) supercritical Hopf or double Hopf bifurcations). In particular, the route following supercritical bifurcations is somewhat subtle. Such behavior following repeated Hopf bifurcations is well-known and widely observed, including the classical Ruelle–Takens and quasiperiodic routes to chaos. However, it has not, to the best of our knowledge, been considered in the context of the double Hopf normal form, although it has been numerically observed and tracked in the post-double-Hopf regime. We then apply the method of competitive modes to verify parameter regimes for which the double Hopf normal form exhibits chaotic behavior. Such an analysis is useful, as it allows us to potentially identify specific parameter regimes for which the system may exhibit strange or irregular behavior, something which would be extremely difficult otherwise in a system with so many parameters. Indeed, it is conjectured that for parameter sets with two of the square-mode frequencies competitive or nearly competitive, chaotic behavior is likely to be observed in the system. We apply the method of competitive modes to two representative cases where intermittent chaos is found, and the competitive mode analysis there seems to verify the occurrence of chaos in each of the two types of regimes.
Trp53Inactivation in the Tumor Microenvironment Promotes Tumor Progression by Expanding the Immunosuppressive Lymphoid-like Stromal Network
Authors: Guo Gang , Marrero Luis , Rodriguez Paulo , Del Valle Luis , Ochoa Augusto , Cui Yan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 through somatic mutations, observed in 50% of human cancers, is one of the leading causes of tumorigenesis. Clinical and experimental evidence also reveals that p53 mutations sometimes occur in tumor-associated fibroblasts, which correlate with an increased rate of metastases and poor prognosis, suggesting that p53 dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors tumor establishment and progression. To understand the impact of p53 inactivation in the TME in tumor progression, we compared the growth of subcutaneously inoculated B16F1 melanoma in p53null and wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, tumor growth in p53null mice was greatly accelerated, correlating with marked increases in CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and a loss of effector function, compared with those in WT mice. This augmented immunotolerant TME in p53null mice was associated with a marked expansion of a specialized stromal network in the tumor and spleen. These stromal cells expressed markers of fibroblastic reticular cells of lymphoid organs and were readily expanded in culture from p53null, but not WT, mice. They produced high levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and immunosuppressive molecules, thereby enhancing MDSC differentiation. Furthermore, they significantly accelerated tumor progression in WT mice when co-injected with B16F1. Together, our results show that tumor-stroma interaction in hosts with dysfunctional p53 exacerbates immunosuppression by expanding the lymphoid-like stromal network that enhances MDSC differentiation and tumor progression. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1668–75. ©2012 AACR.
Combination of Ponatinib with Hedgehog Antagonist Vismodegib for Therapy-Resistant BCR-ABL1–Positive Leukemia
Authors: Katagiri Seiichiro , Tauchi Tetsuzo , Okabe Seiichi , Minami Yosuke , Kimura Shinya , Maekawa Taira , Naoe Tomoki , Ohyashiki Kazuma 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation during development. Whereas the Hedgehog pathway is inactive in most normal adult tissues, Hedgehog pathway reactivation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neoplasms including BCR-ABL1–positive leukemia. The clear link between the Hedgehog pathway and BCR-ABL1–positive leukemia led to an effort to identify small molecules to block the pathway.
Experimental Design: We investigated the combined effects of vismodegib and ponatinib, a pan-ABL1 kinase inhibitor, in nonobese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) repopulating T315I BCR-ABL1–positive cells in vitro and in vivo.
Results: We observed that combination with vismodegib and ponatinib helps to eliminate therapy-resistant NOD/SCID repopulating T315I BCR-ABL1–positive cells. The percentage of CD19-positive leukemia cells in peripheral blood was significantly lower in vismodegib + ponatinib–treated mice than that of the vehicle or ponatinib alone (P &lt; 0.001). Spleen weights were also lower in vismodegib + ponatinib–treated mice than in ponatinib alone (P &lt; 0.05). Overall tumor burden, as assessed by BCR-ABL mRNA from bone marrow cells, was significantly lower in vismodegib + ponatinib–treated mice than in ponatinib alone (P &lt; 0.005). We also found that vismodegib significantly reduced BCR-ABL1–positive leukemia cell self-renewal in vitro as well as during serial transplantation in vivo.
Conclusions: The combination with a Smo inhibitor and ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors may help eliminate therapy-resistant T315I BCR-ABL1–positive leukemia cells. Our preclinical results indicate that vismodegib has potential as an important option for controlling minimal residual cells in BCR-ABL1–positive leukemia. Clin Cancer Res; 19(6); 1422–32. ©2012 AACR.
Statistical Methods to Monitor Risk Factors in a Clinical Database
Authors: Siregar Sabrina , Roes Kit C.B. , van Straten Albert H.M. , Bots Michiel L. , van der Graaf Yolanda , van Herwerden Lex A. , Groenwold Rolf H.H. 
Published: January 2013

Background—
Comparison of outcomes requires adequate risk adjustment for differences in patient risk and the type of intervention performed. Both unintentional and intentional misclassification (also called gaming) of risk factors might lead to incorrect benchmark results. Therefore, misclassification of risk factors should be detected. We investigated the use of statistical process control techniques to monitor the frequency of risk factors in a clinical database.

Methods and Results—
A national population-based study was performed using simulation and statistical process control. All patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2009, in all 16 cardiothoracic surgery centers in the Netherlands were included. Data on 46 883 consecutive cardiac surgery interventions were extracted. The expected risk factor frequencies were based on 2007 and 2008 data. Monthly frequency rates of 18 risk factors in 2009 were monitored using a Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average chart, and cumulative sum chart. Upcoding (ie, gaming) in random patients was simulated and detected in 100% of the simulations. Subtle forms of gaming, involving specifically high-risk patients, were more difficult to identify (detection rate of 44%). However, the accompanying rise in mean logistic European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) was detected in all simulations.

Conclusions—
Statistical process control in the form of a Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average, and cumulative sum charts provide a means to monitor changes in risk factor frequencies in a clinical database. Surveillance of the overall expected risk in addition to the separate risk factors ensures a high sensitivity to detect gaming. The use of statistical process control for risk factor surveillance is recommended.
Why terms matter to biological theories: the term “origin” as used by Darwin
Authors: HOQUET Thierry 
Published: January 2013

Everybody now understands what Darwin meant when he published his epoch-making book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of favoured Races in the Struggle for life (1859). He, of course, meant evolution, i.e., the transformation of animals and plants, chance modifications, and speciation. Nevertheless, the very notion of “evolution” has aroused as much confusion as it has debate: some historians tend to suggest that Darwin intentionally avoided using the term, since it was supposedly full of progressive or embryological connotations; others claim that Darwin constantly employed the word (after all, they argue, the word “evolved” is the last one of the book). This disagreement regarding the supposed absence or presence of the term “evolution” is more than a sterile academic exercise: what is at stake in this debate is the very meaning of Darwin’s theory, as well as its relation to the contingent notions of “progress” and “development”.
A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906
Authors: TAYLOR M. L. , CAIRNS S. D. , AGNEW D. J. , ROGERS A. D. 
Published: January 2013

A comprehensive revision of the genus Thouarella is presented. Thirty-five holotypes of the 38 nominal Thouarella species, two varieties, and one form were examined. The number of original Thouarella species has been reduced to 25, mostly through synonymy or new genus combinations. In the process several new species have also been identified, one of which is described here as Thouarella parachilensis nov. sp. The genus is split into two groups based on polyp arrangement: Group 1 with isolated polyps and Group 2 with polyps in pairs or whorls. An illustrated dichotomous key and detailed character table of the 25 Thouarella species are presented alongside an up-to-date account of all species described in the 19th and 20th centuries and summaries of the few described from 2000 onwards. We propose that Thouarella longispinosa is synonymous with Dasystenella acanthina, T. versluysi with T. brucei, and, T. tenuisquamis, T. flabellata, and T. carinata are synonymous with T. laxa. Lastly, we propose that T. bayeri and T. undulata be placed in Plumarella and support recent suggestions that T. alternata, T. recta, T. superba, and T. diadema are also Plumarella.
The flies of the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea) collected during the Boyekoli Ebale Congo 2010 Expedition in Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: GROOTAERT PATRICK , SHAMSHEV IGOR 
Published: January 2013

Thirty-two species of Hybotidae (Diptera: Empidoidea) were collected during the Boyekoli Ebale Congo 2010 Expedition that took place in the Democratic Republic of Congo along the Congo River between Kisangani and Bumba. Only four species were known previously. Here we present new records for Syndyas crisis Garrett Jones, 1940 and Crossopalpus aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830). In addition Syneches elevatus Bezzi, 1908 and Crossopalpus quadrispina (Collart, 1934) are re-described based on the type material as well as on new material. Elaphropeza ghesquierei (Collart, 1934) and E. plagiata (Bezzi, 1908) were not found during the expedition, but are also re-described. Twenty-five species are described as new to science: Crossopalpus yaekela sp. nov., Drapetis congoensis sp. nov., D. yaekelaensis sp. nov., D. zamba sp. nov., Elaphropeza angulata sp. nov., E. baeloi sp. nov., E. congoensis sp. nov., E. excavata sp. nov., E. furcata sp. nov., E. incerta sp. nov., E. infuscata sp. nov., E. interrupta sp. nov., E. juakalyi sp. nov., E. kona sp. nov., E. laudisoitae sp. nov., E. mai sp. nov., E. monoseta sp. nov., E. motane sp. nov., E. moyindo sp. nov., E. nuda sp. nov., E. yaekela sp. nov., E. zamba sp. nov., Stilpon congoensis sp. nov., S. variabilis sp. nov. and Syndyas zamba sp. nov. A species of Drapetis and Crossopalpus recorded from females only are diagnosed, but not named.