bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular repair utilising immobilised heparin conjugate for protection against early activation of inflammation and coagulation
Authors: Nordling Sofia , Hong Jaan , Fromell Karin , Edin Fredrik , Brännström Johan , Larsson Rolf , Nilsson Bo , U. Magnusson Peetra 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIschaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses a major challenge in many thrombotic conditions and in whole organ transplantation. Activation of the endothelial cells and shedding of the protective vascular glycocalyx during IRI increase the risk of innate immune activation, cell infiltration and severe thrombus formation, promoting damage to the tissue. Here, we present a novel one-step strategy to protect the vasculature by immobilisation of a unique multi-arm heparin conjugate to the endothelium. Applying a new in vitro blood endothelial cell chamber model, the heparin conjugate was found to bind not only to primary human endothelial cells but also directly to the collagen to which the cells adhered. Incubation of hypoxic endothelial cells with freshly drawn human blood in the blood chambers elicited coagulation activation reflected by thrombin anti-thrombin formation and binding of platelets and neutrophils. Immobilisation of the heparin conjugate to the hypoxic endothelial cells created a protective coating, leading to a significant reduction of the recruitment of blood cells and coagulation activation compared to untreated hypoxic endothelial cells. This novel approach of immobilising multi-arm heparin conjugates on the endothelial cells and collagen of the basement membrane ensures to protect the endothelium against IRI in thrombotic disorders and in transplantation.
Relationship Between Sinus Rhythm Late Activation Zones and Critical Sites for Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Irie Tadanobu , Yu Ricky , Bradfield Jason S. , Vaseghi Marmar , Buch Eric F. , Ajijola Olujimi , Macias Carlos , Fujimura Osamu , Mandapati Ravi , Boyle Noel G. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Tung Roderick 
Published: March 2015

Background—
It is not known whether the most delayed late potentials are functionally most specific for scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits.

Methods and Results—
Isochronal late activation maps were constructed to display ventricular activation during sinus rhythm over 8 isochrones. Analysis was performed at successful VT termination sites and prospectively tested. Thirty-three patients with 47 scar-related VTs where a critical site was demonstrated by termination of VT during ablation were retrospectively analyzed. In those who underwent mapping of multiple surfaces, 90% of critical sites were on the surface that contained the latest late potential. However, only 11% of critical sites were localized to the latest isochrone (87.5%–100%) of ventricular activation. The median percentage of latest activation at critical sites was 78% at a distance from the latest isochrone of 18 mm. Sites critical to reentry were harbored in regions with slow conduction velocity, where 3 isochrones were present within a 1-cm radius. Ten consecutive patients underwent ablation prospectively guided by isochronal late activation maps, targeting concentric isochrones outside of the latest isochrone. Elimination of the targeted VT was achieved in 90%. Termination of VT was achieved in 6 patients at a mean ventricular activation percentage of 78%, with only 1 requiring ablation in the latest isochrone.

Conclusions—
Late potentials identified in the latest isochrone of activation during sinus rhythm are infrequently correlated with successful ablation sites for VT. The targeting of slow conduction regions propagating into the latest zone of activation may be a novel and promising strategy for substrate modification.
Facilitating Creative Equality in Art-Science: A Methodological
Experiment
Authors: Wienroth Matthias , Goldschmidt Pippa 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
In this article the authors discuss facilitation as a way to develop creative equality in art-science based on their experiences working on an art-science project. They suggest that the space in which representatives from the domains of sciences and arts come together to collaborate is a trading zone in which novel links and relationships can be created. They introduce the notion of “boundary method” to describe facilitation as a method that can endure different meaning-making strategies and meanings employed by stakeholders yet still retain its utility for encouraging creativity at a cross-disciplinary interface rather than within a dominant discipline.
Site of Memory and Site of Forgetting
Authors: Guglielmucci Ana , Scaraffuni Ribeiro Luciana 
Published: March 2015

Efforts to classify the Punta Carretas Prison, repurposed as a shopping center, into a “site of forgetting” imposed through the logic of the market obscure the ongoing productivity of the place as a vehicle of memory linked not only to the military dictatorship but also to the privatization of public patrimony. They fail to account for the dynamic and complex process of construction of a common past resulting from direct confrontations between different sectors of Uruguayan society. The increasing politicization and spatialization of collective memory, focusing on past experiences of repression, overlook the link between memory, history, nation-state, museum, everyday life, people’s dreams, their sense of the future, and utopia. Los esfuerzos para clasificar la prisión de Punta Carretas (ahora transformada en un centro comercial) como un “lugar del olvido” impuesto por medio de la lógica del mercado ocultan la productividad en curso del lugar como vehículo de la memoria ligado no unicamente a la dictadura militar pero también a la privatización del patrimonio público. No toman en cuenta el proceso dinámico y complejo de la creación de un pasado común que es el resultado de los enfrentamientos directos entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad uruguaya. La creciente politicización y espacialización de la memoria colectiva, con el énfasis en las experiencias pasadas de represión, pasa por alto el vínculo entre la memoria, la historia, el estado nacional, el museo, la vida cotidiana, los sueños de la gente, el sentido del futuro y la utopía.
Irreconcilable Differences
Authors: Hiner Hillary , Azócar María José 
Published: March 2015

The politics of national reconciliation during the transitional period of the 1990s in Chile constructed a hegemonic framework that affected discourses in other domains in multilayered ways. In order to achieve consensus among its various factions, the Concertación used “reconciliation” discourse to portray the nation as a family, and potentially divisive issues were framed in the most apolitical, ahistorical, and technical way. In this context, gender violence was construed as a matter of family and individual liberties, and the objective of the first family violence law was maintaining the family intact. The framework of reconciliation and its association with Christian forgiveness and family unity promoted the use of conciliation rather than sentencing as the primary means of settling domestic violence disputes and made it difficult for those affected by gender violence to achieve justice. However, the foundational discourses of the 1990s served an important purpose in opening up discursive spaces on gender violence that could be further refined. Las políticas de reconciliación nacional durante el periodo de transición de los 1990 en Chile armaron un marco hegémonico que afectó el discurso en otros campos de múltiples maneras. Para lograr el consenso entre sus diferentes facciones, la Concertación usó el discurso de la “reconciliación” para describir la nación como una familia y los temas que pudieran suscitar discrepancias fueron enmarcados de la manera más apolítica, ahistórica y técnica. En este contexto, la violencia de género fue interpretada como una cuestión de libertades individuales y de la familia, y el objetivo de la primera ley sobre violencia familiar fue mantener a la familia unida. El marco de reconciliación y su asociación con el perdón cristiano y la unidad familiar promovieron el uso de la conciliación en lugar de la sanción penal como el medio principal para resolver las disputas de violencia doméstica. Esto hizo difícil que aquellas personas afectadas por la violencia de género recibieran justicia. Sin embargo, los discursos fundacionales de los 1990 sirvieron para abrir más espacios de discusión sobre la violencia de género, y ésto es algo que podría ser profundizado.
“The Holocaust” or “The Salvation of Democracy”
Authors: Leal-Guerrero Sigifredo 
Published: March 2015

The massacre known as the Palace of Justice Holocaust is an important object of public concern in Colombia. After 29 years, social agents struggle in fields such as public activism, legal claims, and artistic creation to construct and legitimate accounts of what happened and inscribe them in collective memory as “the truth.” An analysis of these struggles, developed from inside and outside the state and from diverse points of the political spectrum, makes it possible to identify the meaning frames in which the people taking part in these struggles construct narratives of the massacre, such as the Jewish-Christian tradition, discourses on human rights and the memory of the Shoah, national security doctrines, and Nazi anticommunist anti-Semitism. La masacre conocida como el Holocausto del Palacio de Justicia es un importante objeto de interés público en Colombia. Después de 29 años de acontecida, diversos actores sociales continúan luchando en campos como el activismo político, los reclamos legales y la creación artística para construir y legitimar versiones sobre lo sucedido, e inscribirlas en la memoria colectiva como “la verdad”. Un análisis de esas luchas, desarrolladas desde dentro y fuera del Estado y desde diversos puntos del espectro político, permite identificar los marcos de sentido dentro de los cuales dichos actores construyen narrativas sobre la masacre. Algunos de esos marcos son la tradición judeo-cristiana, los discursos sobre los derechos humanos y la memoria de la Shoá, las doctrinas de seguridad nacional y el antisemitismo anticomunista nazi.
The Memory of the National and the National as Memory
Authors: Poblete Juan 
Published: March 2015

This essay seeks to illuminate a different, more encompassing kind of transition than that from dictatorship to post-dictatorship (and its attendant forms of memory of military brutal force and human rights abuses) often privileged by studies of political violence and social memory. The focus is twofold: first, to describe a transition from the world of the social to that of the post-social, i.e. a transition from a welfare state-centered form of the nation to its neoliberal competitive state counterpart; and secondly, to analyze its attendant memory dynamics. The double articulation of collective memory under neoliberalism, the deep and recurring violence it has involved at both the social and the individual level, and its self-articulation as a social memory apparatus are apparent in two Chilean films exploring the logic (Pablo Larraín’s Tony Manero) and the history (Patricio Guzmán’s Nostalgia de la luz) of the implementation of this neoliberal memory apparatus in Chile. Este trabajo intenta iluminar una transición más amplia que aquella entre dictadura y post-dictadura ( y sus correspondientes formas de memoria sobre la violencia militar o los abusos a los derechos humanos) que suele ser el objeto de estudio de los trabajos sobre violencia política y memoria social. Mi interés es doble: primero, describir una transición del mundo social al post-social (es decir, una transición desde una forma de estado-nación centrada en el estado de bienestar a su contraparte neoliberal y competitiva; y en segundo lugar, analizar sus correspondientes formas de memoria. La doble articulación de la memoria colectiva bajo el neoliberalismo, la profunda y recurrente violencia presente, tanto a nivel social como a nivel individual, y su autoarticulación como un aparato de la memoria social son evidentes en las dos películas chilenas Tony Manero de Pablo Larraín y Nostalgia de la luz de Patricio Guzmán que exploran la lógica y la historia de la implementación de este aparato de la memoria neoliberal en Chile.
Counterhegemony in the Media under Rafael Correa’s Citizens’ Revolution
Authors: Kitzberger Philip 
Published: March 2015

The Citizens’ Revolution, the political process initiated in Ecuador with the presidential inauguration of Rafael Correa in 2007, initiated a radical transformation in the media comparable to other progressive governmental experiments in the region. The political process led by Correa has pursued a change in power relations and ownership, the introduction of regulation, the demystification of the established media discourse, and an abandonment of the market as a guiding principle in the media. From the perspective of the equitable redistribution of media power, however, it is still an open process whose outcome is uncertain. La Revolución Ciudadana, el proceso político iniciado en el Ecuador con la investidura presidencial de Rafael Correa en 2007, inició una transformación radical en los medios de comunicación comparables a otros experimentos gubernamentales progresistas de la región. El proceso político liderado por Correa ha buscado un cambio en las relaciones de poder y la propiedad, la introducción de la regulación, la desmistificación del discurso de los medios establecidos, y un abandono del mercado como principio rector en los medios de comunicación. Desde la perspectiva de la redistribución equitativa de poder de los medios, sin embargo, sigue siendo un proceso abierto cuyo resultado es incierto.
Democratic Constitutionalism and Constitutional Innovation in Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén 
Published: March 2015

Since the renewal of constituent power in the 1991 Colombian constitution, various democratic constitutions in Latin American countries have undertaken important structural changes in both the organization of public powers, the democratic legitimacy of power, and the constitutional reform of rights. Among these new constitutional texts in Latin America, the 2008 Ecuadorean constitution, with sumak kawsay (living well) as its axiological basis, stands out for its originality and theoretical advances as the first case of transitional constitutionalism. All these constitutions, however, are faced with an enforcement problem that hinders their operation as instruments of social transformation. Desde la renovación del poder constituyente en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, varias constituciones democráticas en los países de América Latina han llevado a cabo importantes cambios estructurales tanto en la organización de los poderes públicos, la legitimidad democrática del poder, y la regeneración constitucional de los derechos. Entre estos nuevos textos constitucionales en América Latina, la constitución de Ecuador 2008, con el sumak kawsay (buen vivir) como su base axiológica, destaca por su originalidad y avances teóricos como el primer caso de constitucionalismo de transición. Todas estas constituciones, sin embargo, se enfrentan a un problema de aplicación que dificulta su funcionamiento como instrumentos de transformación social.
Status of the Contralateral Rotator Cuff in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Ro Kyung-Han , Park Jong-Hoon , Lee Soon-Hyuck , Song Dong-Ik , Jeong Ha-Joon , Jeong Woong-Kyo 
Published: March 2015

Background: Although the prevalence of rotator cuff tear (RCT) in the general population has been analyzed, little information is available on the status of the opposite-side rotator cuff in patients who have undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Purpose/Hypothesis: To identify the characteristics of the contralateral shoulder and to identify factors associated with RCT of the contralateral shoulder in patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic RCT. The hypothesis was that the prevalence of RCT in the contralateral shoulder would be higher in patients with increasingly larger cuff tears requiring surgical intervention. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 140 patients with RCT who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Opposite-shoulder rotator cuff tendons of all patients were evaluated by ultrasonography. Demographic information and factors related to contralateral RCT were investigated, and risk factors associated with contralateral RCT were assessed. Results: Of the 140 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 54 (38.6%) had an RCT of the contralateral shoulder. Of 51 patients with partial-thickness and small-sized full-thickness tears of the operated shoulder, 35 (68.6%) had no tears; 14 (27.5%) had partial-thickness tears; and 2 (3.9%) had small-sized full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. Of 75 patients with medium-sized full-thickness tears, 43 (57.3%) had no tears; 12 (16%) had partial-thickness tears; and 20 (26.7%) had full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. Of 14 patients with large to massive full-thickness tears, 8 (57.1%) had no tears; 1 (7.1%) had a partial-thickness tear; and 5 (35.7%) had full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. The prevalence of RCT of the contralateral shoulder differed significantly among groups classified by tear size ( P = .007). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was significantly lower in the RCT than in the nontear group (55.8 ± 16.9 vs 61.6 ± 13.3; P = .03). Of 29 subjects with symptomatic tears involving the nondominant arm, 17 (58.6%) had contralateral asymptomatic RCT, compared with 37 of 111 (33.3%) subjects with symptomatic tears involving the dominant arm ( P = .007). Conclusion: The prevalence of RCT of the contralateral asymptomatic shoulder tends to be higher in patients with more symptomatic RCT on one side, in patients with medium-sized or larger RCT in the operated shoulder, and in patients with symptomatic RCT in the nondominant arm.
Biosorption of heavy metals by Pseudomonas species isolated from sugar industry
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Khan Muhammad Daud , Ahmed Iftikhar , Rehman Shafiq ur , Rha Eui Shik , Malook Ijaz , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: March 2015

Heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be efficient bioremediators of metals and may provide an alternative or additional method to conventional methods of metal removal. In this study, 10 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples of a sugar industry, located at Peshawar, Pakistan. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of these isolates were observed. Sequence analysis (16S ribosomal RNA) revealed that isolated strains were closely related to the species belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter. Bacterial isolates were resistant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (500–900 ppm) to lead ion (Pb2+), (500–600 ppm) nickel ion (Ni2+), (500–800 ppm) copper ion (Cu2+), and (600–800 ppm) chromium ion (Cr3+) in solid media. Furthermore, biosorption of metals proved considerable removal of heavy metals by isolated metal-resistant strains. Pseudomonas sp. reduced 37% (Pb2+), 32% (Ni2+), 29% (Cu2+), and 32% (Cr3+) and was thus found to be most effective, whereas Enterobacter sp. reduced 19% (Pb2+), 7% (Ni2+), 14% (Cu2+), and 21% (Cr3+) and was found to be least effective. While average reduction of Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ by Citrobacter sp. was found to be 24%, 18%, 23%, and 27%, respectively, among recognized species. This study revealed that Pseudomonas sp. may provide a new microbial community that can be used for enhanced remediation of contaminated environment.
Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain by Regulating T-Type Calcium Channels in Rat Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Shen Feng-Yan , Chen Zhi-Yu , Zhong Wei , Ma Li-Qing , Chen Chong , Yang Zhou-Jing , Xie Wei-Lin , Wang Ying-Wei 
Published: March 2015

Background It has been demonstrated that administration of T-type calcium channel (TCC) inhibitors could relieve the neuropathic pain by intraperitoneally or intrathecally. TCCs are not only expressed in dorsal root ganglia or dorsal horn, but also in some of the pain associated brain regions. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether modulating TCCs in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) could alleviate the neuropathic pain. Results (1) Cav3.2 was up regulated in rat ACC after chronic constriction injury (CCI). (2) T-type calcium current intensity was increased in CCI animal model. (3) TCC inhibitor reduced miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency of ACC neurons in CCI animal model. (4) TCC inhibitor suppressed the firing rate of ACC neurons in CCI animal model. (5) Both mechanical and thermal allodynia were partially relieved by ACC microinjection with TCC inhibitor. Conclusions TCCs in the ACC may be contributing to the maintenance of neuropathic pain, and the neuropathic pain can be alleviated by inhibiting the neuronal activity of ACC through modulating the TCCs.
Performance analysis of E-shaped dual band antenna for wireless hand-held devices
Authors: Rajagopal Balamurugan , Rajasekaran Lalithambika 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDue to evolution in wireless applications, the high performance dual band handsets were blooming in the market. In this paper, a compact dual band E shaped planar inverted F antenna is presented, which is suitable for GSM application in handheld devices. Here, antenna is described for GSM (900 MHz and 1800 MHz), which covers (831 MHz – 973 MHz and 1700 MHz – 1918 MHz) 10 dB bandwidth. The designs and simulations are performed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique based General Electro Magnetic Simulator – Version 7.9 (GEMS-7.9). The performance analysis of E-shaped antenna also includes real world interaction between antenna element and Spherical human head model composed of three layers, skin, skull and brain. The simulated results including, S-Parameter, radiation pattern, current distributions and Specific absorption rate, thermal distributions have validated the proposed E shaped antenna design as useful for compact mobile phone devices with comparatively low average Specific Absorption Rate in market.
Drug and alcohol addiction: do psychosocial treatments work?
Authors: Luty Jason 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMethodological issues such as social desirability bias, subjective outcome measures, therapist enthusiasm and fidelity to the intervention remain a major problem in assessing the effectiveness of psychosocial treatments for substance misuse. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes are still widely used, although it is difficult to formally assess their effectiveness. Motivational interviewing is perhaps the most commonly used professional psychosocial treatment for substance misuse, but brief interventions based on this technique report a disappointing effect size (∼0.2). Contingency management is perhaps the most effective reported modality, although it remains politically controversial. Cognitive—behavioural therapy and community reinforcement have been widely studied, but the results are often disappointing (effect sizes seldom exceed 0.5, despite very large trials). Residential rehabilitation remains an established treatment, but patient selection prevents formal cost-effectiveness studies.
Patients need reliable facts and figures about antipsychotics
Authors: Lawrie Stephen M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe results of Wunderink et al's trial support the experience of most practising psychiatrists: guided discontinuation of antipsychotics works for some patients, but most stay in remission only with carefully tailored and monitored maintenance treatment at the ‘lowest effective dose’. It is important to review maintenance annually and to discuss with patients whether dose reduction/discontinuation should be attempted.