bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation and treatment of orthopaedic implant‐associated infection
Authors: Zimmerli W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOrthopaedic implants are highly susceptible to infection. The aims of treatment of infection associated with internal fixation devices are fracture consolidation and prevention of chronic osteomyelitis. Complete biofilm eradication is not the primary goal, as remaining adherent microorganisms can be removed with the device after fracture consolidation. By contrast, in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), biofilm elimination is required. Surgical treatment of PJI includes debridement with retention, one‐ or two‐stage exchange and removal without reimplantation. In addition, prolonged antibiotic treatment, preferably with an agent that is effective against biofilm bacteria, is required. Rifampicin is an example of an antibiotic with these properties against staphylococci. However, to avoid the emergence of resistance, rifampicin must always be combined with another antimicrobial agent. With this novel treatment approach, orthopaedic implant‐associated infection is likely to be eradicated in up to 80–90% of patients. Because most antibiotics have a limited effect against biofilm infections, novel prophylactic and therapeutic options are needed. Surface coating with antimicrobial peptides that reduce bacterial attachment and biofilm formation can potentially prevent implant‐associated infection. In addition, quorum‐sensing inhibitors are a novel therapeutic option against biofilm infections.
Comparison of Three Instrumental Methods for Predicting Sensory Texture Attributes of Poultry Deli Meat
Authors: Luckett Curtis R. , Kuttappan Vivek A. , Johnson Lee G. , Owens Casey M. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to compare how Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), Blunt‐Meullenet‐Owens Razor Shear (BMORS) test and Allo‐Kramer Shear Press test predict sensory texture attributes of poultry deli meats. Descriptive analysis found that 15 different commercial poultry deli meats differed in the sensory attributes of springiness, hardness, cohesiveness of mass, fibrousness between teeth and rubberiness. Using partial least squares regression, the BMORS test proved to be an excellent predictor of the sensory attributes of hardness (R2 = 0.95) and fibrousness (R2 = 0.93), while TPA provided an excellent model for predicting springiness (R2 = 0.97). Cohesiveness of mass (R2 = 0.59) and rubberiness (R2 = 0.70) were not well predicted. In conclusion, this study characterized the textural attributes of poultry deli meats.Practical ApplicationsPoultry deli meat texture can be affected by many factors related to product formulation (ingredients), starting raw materials and processing conditions. Nevertheless, little is known about the textural attributes of the poultry deli meats. Therefore, current study provides a better understanding for not only the texture characteristics of poultry deli meats using sensory and instrumental approaches, but also the relationships between two.
A review of pain measures for hospitalized children with cognitive impairment
Authors: Crosta Quinn R. , Ward Teresa M. , Walker Amy J. , Peters Lisa M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this review were to examine pain measures for hospitalized children with cognitive impairment who are unable to self‐report and to describe the best available evidence for their clinical utility in acute care settings.Design and MethodsElectronic searches to identify published evidence were conducted and studies reviewed. Reported psychometrics and feasibility of the Non‐Communicating Child's Pain Checklist—Postoperative Version, Individualized Numeric Rating scale, Pediatric Pain Profile, and revised Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale were examined.ConclusionsThese four measures have established validity and reliability. However, clinical utility findings varied.Practice ImplicationsThe revised Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale has demonstrated feasibility in acute care settings related to ease of use, time requirements, and flexibility regarding caregiver input.
Pulse transit time as a surrogate measure of changes in systolic arterial pressure in children during sleep
Authors: Vlahandonis Anna , Biggs Sarah N. , Nixon Gillian M. , Davey Margot J. , Walter Lisa M. , Horne Rosemary S. C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPulse transit time has been proposed as a surrogate measure of systolic arterial pressure, as it is dependent upon arterial stiffness. Past research has shown that pulse transit time has a significant inverse relationship to systolic arterial pressure in adults; however, studies in children are limited. This study aimed to explore the relationship between systolic arterial pressure and pulse transit time in children during sleep. Twenty‐five children (13.1 ± 1.6 years, 48% male) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with a simultaneous recording of continuous systolic arterial pressure and photoplethysmography. Pulse transit time was calculated as the time delay between the R‐wave peak of the electrocardiogram (ECG) to the 50% point of the upstroke of the corresponding photoplethysmography waveform; 500 beats of simultaneous systolic arterial pressure and pulse transit time were analysed in each sleep stage for each child. Pulse transit time was normalized to each subject's mean wake pulse transit time. The ability of pulse transit time to predict systolic arterial pressure change was determined by linear mixed‐effects modelling. Significant negative correlations between pulse transit time and systolic arterial pressure were found for individual children for each sleep stage [mean correlations for cohort: non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep 1 and 2 r = −0.57, slow wave sleep (SWS) r = −0.76, REM r = −0.65, P < 0.01 for all]. Linear mixed‐model analysis demonstrated that changes in pulse transit time were a significant predictor of changes in systolic arterial pressure for each sleep stage (P < 0.001). The model of pulse transit time‐predicted systolic arterial pressure closely tracked actual systolic arterial pressure changes over time. This study demonstrated that pulse transit time was accurate in tracking systolic arterial pressure changes over time. Thus, the use of pulse transit time as a surrogate measure of changes in systolic arterial pressure in children is a valid, non‐invasive and inexpensive method with many potential applications.
Odd one out: social ostracism affects self‐reported needs in both sleep‐deprived and well‐rested persons
Authors: Liu Jean C. J. , Mulick Deepti , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPrevious research suggests that sleep deprivation may heighten normal reactions to an aversive social encounter. In this study, we explored how 24 h of sleep deprivation may influence responses to ostracism. Ninety‐six healthy young adults were randomly allocated to either the sleep‐deprivation or well‐rested condition, wherein they engaged in two rounds of a ball‐tossing game (Cyberball) programmed so that they would be included or ostracized. As compared with being included, being ostracized reduced participants' fulfillment of four essential needs (to belong; to have control; to have self‐esteem; and to have a meaningful existence); participants also showed poorer mood and had poorer perceptions of their co‐players. These effects were not influenced by sleep deprivation. Taken together, our findings suggest that sleep deprivation does not influence immediate distress responses to ostracism.
Demographic history of a recent invasion of house mice on the isolated Island of Gough
Authors: Gray Melissa M. , Wegmann Daniel , Haasl Ryan J. , White Michael A. , Gabriel Sofia I. , Searle Jeremy B. , Cuthbert Richard J. , Ryan Peter G. , Payseur Bret A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIsland populations provide natural laboratories for studying key contributors to evolutionary change, including natural selection, population size and the colonization of new environments. The demographic histories of island populations can be reconstructed from patterns of genetic diversity. House mice (Mus musculus) inhabit islands throughout the globe, making them an attractive system for studying island colonization from a genetic perspective. Gough Island, in the central South Atlantic Ocean, is one of the remotest islands in the world. House mice were introduced to Gough Island by sealers during the 19th century and display unusual phenotypes, including exceptionally large body size and carnivorous feeding behaviour. We describe genetic variation in Gough Island mice using mitochondrial sequences, nuclear sequences and microsatellites. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial sequences suggested that Gough Island mice belong to Mus musculus domesticus, with the maternal lineage possibly originating in England or France. Cluster analyses of microsatellites revealed genetic membership for Gough Island mice in multiple coastal populations in Western Europe, suggesting admixed ancestry. Gough Island mice showed substantial reductions in mitochondrial and nuclear sequence variation and weak reductions in microsatellite diversity compared with Western European populations, consistent with a population bottleneck. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) estimated that mice recently colonized Gough Island (~100 years ago) and experienced a 98% reduction in population size followed by a rapid expansion. Our results indicate that the unusual phenotypes of Gough Island mice evolved rapidly, positioning these mice as useful models for understanding rapid phenotypic evolution.
Arabidopsis HSP90 protein modulates RPP4‐mediated temperature‐dependent cell death and defense responses
Authors: Bao Fei , Huang Xiaozhen , Zhu Chipan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Xin , Yang Shuhua 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Plant defense responses are regulated by temperature. In Arabidopsis, the chilling‐sensitive mutant chs2‐1 (rpp4‐1d) contains a gain‐of‐function mutation in the TIR‐NB‐LRR (Toll and interleukin 1 receptor‐nucleotide binding‐leucine‐rich repeat) gene, RPP4 (RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA 4), which leads to constitutive activation of the defense response at low temperatures.

Here, we identified and characterized two suppressors of rpp4‐1d from a genetic screen, hsp90.2 and hsp90.3, which carry point mutations in the cytosolic heat shock proteins HSP90.2 and HSP90.3, respectively.

The hsp90 mutants suppressed the chilling sensitivity of rpp4‐1d, including seedling lethality, activation of the defense responses and cell death under chilling stress. The hsp90 mutants exhibited compromised RPM1 (RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS MACULICOLA 1)‐, RPS4 (RESISTANCE TO P. SYRINGAE 4)‐ and RPP4‐mediated pathogen resistance. The wild‐type RPP4 and the mutated form rpp4 could interact with HSP90 to form a protein complex. Furthermore, RPP4 and rpp4 proteins accumulated in the cytoplasm and nucleus at normal temperatures, whereas the nuclear accumulation of the mutated rpp4 was decreased at low temperatures. Genetic analysis of the intragenic suppressors of rpp4‐1d revealed the important functions of the NB‐ARC and LRR domains of RPP4 in temperature‐dependent defense signaling. In addition, the rpp4‐1d‐induced chilling sensitivity was largely independent of the WRKY70 or MOS (modifier of snc1) genes. [Correction added after online publication 11 March 2013: the expansions of TIR‐NB‐LRR and RPS4 were amended]

This study reveals that Arabidopsis HSP90 regulates RPP4‐mediated temperature‐dependent cell death and defense responses.
The 5‐year prevalence of maxillofacial fibro‐osseous lesions in Uganda
Authors: Muwazi LM , Kamulegeya A 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFibro‐osseous lesions of the jaws are a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist because histologically, they are not easily distinguishable. African data on the prevalence of these lesions are scarce. We present a 5‐year report of benign fibro‐osseous lesions at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, showing the frequency and distribution of these lesions.Materials and MethodsConfirmed fibro‐osseous lesions reports at the pathology department (2007–2012) were retrieved. Patients' clinical data including age, gender, anatomic location, and diagnosis were recorded. Descriptive statistics and simple proportion tests were carried out.ResultsWe retrieved 155 confirmed benign fibro‐osseous lesions over this period, 65% were females, 34% males, and the gender of one case was not specified. Fibrous dysplasia was the most prevalent lesion (n = 87, 56.1%) followed by ossifying fibroma (n = 50, 32.9%) and osseous dysplasia (n = 17, 10.9%). We neither found craniofacial nor polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma peaked in the second decade at 40.2% and 40.0%, respectively. Florid osseous dysplasia was commonest in the fifth decade.ConclusionIn this study, all the florid osseous dysplasia were seen among females. We need to carry out prospective studies to establish as to why and what kind of women get afflicted by this lesion.
Modulation of RTK by sEcad: a putative mechanism for oncogenicity in oropharyngeal SCCs
Authors: Teng X , Ma L , Kyrkanides S , Raja V , Trochesset D , Brouxhon SM 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveHeightened levels of sEcad are found in the serum of patients with cancer and correlate with an unfavorable prognosis and later‐stages of disease. In this study, we explored whether sEcad is elevated in human OPSCC specimens and FaDu cells. Additionally, we investigated sEcad‐EGFR and sEcad‐IGF‐1R interactions and performed a functional analysis of sEcad in OPSCC cancers.Materials and MethodssEcad, EGFR, and IGF‐1R levels were examined in human OPSCC specimens and cells by immunoblotting. sEcad‐EGFR and sEcad‐IGF‐1R interactions were examined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays. Levels of sEcad on EGFR and IGF‐1R pathway components were evaluated by IB. The effects of sEcad on OPSCC proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using standard cellular assays.ResultsStatistical analysis demonstrated that sEcad levels were significantly higher in OPSCC primary tumors and cells compared with normal controls. IP studies indicated that sEcad associated with EGFR and IGF‐1R, and addition of sEcad resulted in a statistically significant increase in downstream signaling. Finally, cell‐based assays demonstrated enhanced sEcad‐induced proliferation, migration, and invasion, which was blocked by EGFR and IGF‐1R inhibitors.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that sEcad may play an important role in OPSCC oncogenicity via its interaction and activation of EGFR and IGF‐1R.
Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Schneider Jeannine D. , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Castilho Alexandra , Gruber Clemens , Werner Stefan , Mach Lukas , Klimyuk Victor , Mor Tsafrir S. , Steinkellner Herta 
Published: March 2014

SummaryPlants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. In particular, we show here that co‐expression of BChE with a novel gene‐stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N‐glycans. The N‐glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma‐derived orthologue. In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER‐typical oligomannosidic structures. Biochemical analyses and live‐cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N‐glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic‐reticulum‐derived compartments. In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in‐depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants.
The Relationship of Technology and Design Maturity to DoD Weapon System Cost Change and Schedule Change During Engineering and Manufacturing Development,
Authors: Katz Daniel R. , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas , Conrow Edmund H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTEvery year, the Department of Defense (DoD) invests billions of dollars on the development of major defense acquisition programs. In return, many of these weapon systems have been plagued with cost overruns and schedule delays during the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase. Under conflicting guidance, DoD and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) suggest that weapon systems should contain subsystems with relatively mature technologies (based on the Technology Readiness Level of critical technologies) and design mature (based on the percentage of releasable design drawings) during system development. However, there has been no published research to date on the relationship between technology and design maturity guidance and the resulting cost change and schedule change of DoD weapon systems. The research presented in this paper confirms that the GAO guidance for design maturity can lead to a reduction of cost growth and schedule slippage of DoD weapon systems. In contrast, the research indicates that technology maturity guidance only impacts the schedule change of weapon systems, and not the potential cost change. With the quantitative results from the research, DoD and GAO officials can provide additional guidance to the planning and execution of the EMD phase, such as allocation of research and development funds to maturity achievement efforts.
ISWI proteins participate in the genome‐wide nucleosome distribution in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Guang , Liu Shujing , Wang Jiawei , He Jianfeng , Huang Hai , Zhang Yijing , Xu Lin 
Published: March 2014

SummaryChromatin is a highly organized structure with repetitive nucleosome subunits. Nucleosome distribution patterns, which contain information on epigenetic controls, are dynamically affected by ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling factors (remodelers). However, whether plants have specific nucleosome distribution patterns and how plant remodelers contribute to the pattern formation are not clear. In this study we used the micrococcal nuclease digestion followed by deep sequencing (MNase‐seq) assay to show the genome‐wide nucleosome pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that the nucleosome distribution patterns of Arabidopsis are associated with the gene expression level, and have several specific characteristics that are different from those of animals and yeast. In addition, we found that remodelers in the A. thaliana imitation switch (AtISWI) subfamily are important for the formation of the nucleosome distribution pattern. Double mutations in the AtISWI genes, CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 (CHR11) and CHR17, resulted in the loss of the evenly spaced nucleosome pattern in gene bodies, but did not affect nucleosome density, supporting a previous idea that the primary role of ISWI is to slide nucleosomes in gene bodies for pattern formation.
Transcript residency on ribosomes reveals a key role for the Arabidopsis thaliana bundle sheath in sulfur and glucosinolate metabolism
Authors: Aubry Sylvain , Smith‐Unna Richard D. , Boursnell Chris M. , Kopriva Stanislav , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryLeaves of angiosperms are made up of multiple distinct cell types. While the function of mesophyll cells, guard cells, phloem companion cells and sieve elements are clearly described, this is not the case for the bundle sheath (BS). To provide insight into the role of the BS in the C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana, we labelled ribosomes in this cell type with a FLAG tag. We then used immunocapture to isolate these ribosomes, followed by sequencing of resident mRNAs. This showed that 5% of genes showed specific splice forms in the BS, and that 15% of genes were preferentially expressed in these cells. The BS translatome strongly implies that the BS plays specific roles in sulfur transport and metabolism, glucosinolate biosynthesis and trehalose metabolism. Much of the C4 cycle is differentially expressed between the C3 BS and the rest of the leaf. Furthermore, the global patterns of transcript residency on BS ribosomes overlap to a greater extent with cells of the root pericycle than any other cell type. This analysis provides the first insight into the molecular function of this cell type in C3 species, and also identifies characteristics of BS cells that are probably ancestral to both C3 and C4 plants.
Testosterone potentiates the hypoxic ventilatory response of adult male rats subjected to neonatal stress
Authors: Fournier Sébastien , Gulemetova Roumiana , Joseph Vincent , Kinkead Richard 
Published: March 2014

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does testosterone contribute to the enhancement of the hypoxic ventilatory response observed in stressed rats?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Castration reduces the hypoxic ventilatory response of stressed rats (but not control rats). Neonatal stress disrupts the gonadotrophic axis and its impact on respiratory control. These results bring new insight into the pathophysiology of sleep‐disordered breathing and the sex‐based difference in its prevalence.
Neonatal stress disrupts development of homeostatic systems. During adulthood, male rats subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) are hypertensive and show a larger hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), with greater respiratory instability during sleep. Neonatal stress also affects sex hormone secretion; hypoxia increases circulating testosterone of NMS (but not control) male rats. Given that these effects of NMS are not observed in females, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone elevation is necessary for the stress‐related increase of the HVR in adult male rats. Pups subjected to NMS were placed in an incubator for 3 h per day from postnatal day 3 to 12. Control pups remained undisturbed. Rats were reared until adulthood, and the HVR was measured by plethysmography (fractional inspired O2 = 0.12, for 20 min). We used gonadectomy to evaluate the effects of reducing testosterone on the HVR. Gonadectomy had no effect on the HVR of control animals but reduced that of NMS animals below control levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify androgen receptors in brainstem areas involved in the HVR. Androgen receptor expression was generally greater in NMS rats than in control rats; the most significant increase was noted in the caudal region of the nucleus tractus solitarii. We conclude that the abnormal regulation of testosterone is important in stress‐related augmentation of the HVR. The greater number of androgen receptors within the brainstem may explain why NMS rats are more sensitive to testosterone withdrawal. Based on the similarities of the cardiorespiratory phenotype of NMS rats and patients suffering from sleep‐disordered breathing, these results provide new insight into its pathophysiology, especially sex‐based differences in its prevalence.