bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Supercritical Water Heat-Transfer Correlations for Vertical Bare Tubes
Authors: Mokry Sarah , Pioro Igor 
Published: November 2014

Currently, there are a number of Generation IV SuperCritical Water-cooled nuclear Reactor (SCWR) concepts under development worldwide. These high temperature, high pressure reactors will have much higher operating parameters compared to current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) (i.e., steam pressures of about 25 MPa and steam outlet temperatures up to 625°C). Additionally, SCWRs will have a simplified flow circuit in which steam generators, steam dryers, steam separators, etc. will be eliminated. In support of developing these SCWRs, studies are currently being conducted for heat transfer at supercritical conditions.
Currently, there are no experimental datasets for heat transfer at supercritical conditions from power-reactor fuel bundles to a coolant (water) available in open literature. Therefore, for preliminary calculations, heat-transfer correlations obtained with bare-tube data can be used as a conservative approach. A number of empirical generalized correlations, based on experimentally obtained datasets, have been proposed to calculate Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) in forced convective heat transfer for various fluids, including water at supercritical pressures. There have been a number of methods applied to correlate heat transfer data. The most conventional approach is to modify the classical Dittus-Boelter correlation for forced convection. The Bishop et al. correlation is an example of this type modification with an addition of an entrance-region term.
The Mokry et al. correlation (2009) was developed as a Dittus-Boelter-type correlation with thermophysical properties taken at a bulk-fluid temperature. The derived correlation has shown a good fit for experimental data at supercritical conditions within a wide range of operating conditions in normal and improved heat-transfer regimes. This correlation has an uncertainty of about ±25% for HTC values and about ±15% for calculated wall temperature. However, this correlation does not take into account the entrance-region effect.
The objective of this paper is an investigation of the entrance-region effect to be incorporated into the proposed Mokry et al. correlation (2009) in an attempt to further improve its accuracy.
Integration of CONTAIN Liquid Metal Models Into the MELCOR Code
Authors: Humphries Larry L. , Merrill Brad J. , Louie David L. 
Published: November 2014

A sodium coolant accident analysis code is necessary to provide regulators with a means of performing confirmatory analyses for future sodium reactor licensing submissions. MELCOR and CONTAIN, which are currently employed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for light water reactor (LWR) licensing, have been traditionally used for level 2 and level 3 probabilistic analyses as well as containment design basis accident analysis. To meet future regulatory needs, new models will be added to the MELCOR code for simulation of Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR) designs. Existing models developed for separate effects codes will be integrated into the MELCOR architecture. This work integrates those CONTAIN code capabilities that feasibly fit within the MELCOR code architecture.
Implementation of such models for sodium reactor simulation into an actively maintained, full-featured, integrated severe accident code fills a significant gap in capability for providing the necessary analysis tools for regulatory licensing. Current work scope will focus on the following implementation goals:
• Phase 1: Implement sodium Equations of State (EOS) as a working fluid for a MELCOR calculation from:
○ The fusion safety database
○ The SIMMER-III Code
○ The SAS4a Code
• Phase 2: Examine and test changes to the CONTAIN-LMR Implemented by Japan Atomic Energy Agency, specifically:
○ Aerosol Condensation
○ Implementation of the capability for simultaneous sodium and water condensation modeling
• Phase 3: Implementation and Validation of CONTAIN physics models:
○ Sodium Spray Fires (including new test data)
○ Sodium Pool Modeling
○ Sodium Pool Fires
• Phase 4: Implementation and Validation of CONTAIN chemistry models:
○ Debris Bed/Concrete Cavity Interactions
○ Sodium Pool Chemistry
○ Atmospheric Chemistry
An option for changing the EOS for the MELCOR working fluid from water to liquid metal and the heat transfer from water/steam to liquid metal has been implemented into MELCOR. The property models implemented include an analytic EOS model developed for the SIMMER-III code and the fusion safety works done at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). This paper provides a summary of the status of the code development work. A description of the current models implemented together with user requirements and test calculations will be presented.
Development of Grid Depression Model for GalaxyCosmo-S
Authors: Koike Hiroki , Kirimura Kazuki , Yamaji Kazuya , Kosaka Shinya , Matsumoto Hideki 
Published: November 2014

An efficient grid depression reconstruction model on axial assembly power distribution was developed for MHI nuclear design code system GalaxyCosmo-S. The objective of this paper is to present the background, methodology and its application of the new model in GalaxyCosmo-S.
In order to consider the grid depression effect to the homogeneous axial power distribution obtained from 3D nodal core calculation, the new model employs the concept of the pin-power reconstruction model widely used in modern core design codes. In the new model, axial heterogeneous assembly power distribution is calculated by synthesizing the grid form function to the axial homogeneous power distribution by nodal calculation. The form function is pre-produced by fitting the local grid depression data processed from the measured axial thimble reaction rate in the grid position. By incorporating the measured data, the form function can reflect the precise grid depression information. According to the present study, it was shown that the form function has a burnup dependency for its depth, and it is prepared for each fuel type and axial grid position.
In order to confirm the applicability of the present method to the existing PWRs, the predicted axial power distribution by GalaxyCosmo-S was compared with the measured data by the movable detector (M/D). As a result, the good agreements were confirmed without any specific trends for burnup condition.
In addition, the difference of axial power distribution between predicted and measured data was statistically analyzed for multiple plants, cycles and burnup conditions. From the results, it is confirmed that the systematic over- or under-estimations of the power distribution observed in the grid homogenized model are reduced by the grid depression model. So this model is suitable for the 3D power distribution analysis and FQ uncertainty evaluation.
Validation of SOP Procedure for Dealing With FWLB
Authors: Yaou Shen , Wei Chen , Daishun Huang , Guijun Leng 
Published: November 2014

The State Oriented Procedure (SOP) is developed to improve the existing emergency operation procedures, namely, the Event Oriented Procedure (EOP). It is developed based on the finite Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) states instead of an infinite number of possible events, therefore it can cover all of the events/accidents including the accidents caused by more than one initial event. On the other hand, the operator can take actions without diagnosing the events/accidents according to SOP, and thus the human mistakes which will possible happen during the events/accidents diagnosing can be avoided. However, as a generalized procedure system, the SOP needs a lot of validations based on various events/accidents. In this work, an analysis of a postulated Feed Water Line Break (FWLB) accident for LingAo phase II NPP based on the SOP is given and both the automatic protections and operator manual actions required by the SOP are modeled with an advanced, two-fluid, thermal-hydraulic code called CATHARE. The initial conditions and assumptions are chosen to get a severe state of the NPP. Since the EOP addresses the given accident perfectly, the results are then compared with those based on the EOP for a similar NPP to validate the SOP. The main parameters relevant with FWLB of this NPP are the same with LingAo phase II. Therefore, there is no need to perform analyses based on the EOP for LingAo phase II.
The results demonstrate that the main operator manual actions required by the SOP are similar to those required by the EOP, and the operator can take the plant to a controllable safe state according to the SOP procedures. Therefore, the SOP is effective and reasonable for FWLB accident.
CFD Simulation of PANDA and MISTRA Cooler Tests of ERCOSAM-SAMARA Project
Authors: Filippov A. S. , Grigoryev S. Y. , Tarasov O. V. , Iudina T. A. 
Published: November 2014

The ERCOSAM and SAMARA projects (EURATOM (EU) and ROSATOM (Russia)) include a set of multi-stage experiments carried out at different thermal-hydraulics facilities (TOSQAN, MISTRA, PANDA, SPOT). The tests sequences are aimed at investigating hydrogen concentration build-up and stratification during a postulated severe accident and the effect of the activation of Severe Accident Management systems (SAMs), e.g. sprays, coolers and passive auto-catalytic recombiners. Each test includes four phases, of which the first three phases simulate the establishment of severe accident conditions in NPP containment (injection of steam and helium (simulator of hydrogen), stratification of the gas mixture). During the fourth phase of the experiment one of the SAMs simulators is activated.
All experiments were simulated at Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Science (IBRAE RAN) with FLUENT and, partially, OpenFOAM codes. In this paper the tests with coolers carried out on PANDA and MISTRA facilities are considered. Their simulations required development of a set of models of volumetric and near-wall condensation phenomena. The models were validated vs. already known tests and vs. integrated experiments of ERCOSAM-SAMARA projects. A brief description of the models and the used CFD methods is provided. Then the results of simulations of the four phases of the tests are presented. Some peculiarities of gas motion and helium distribution obtained in the experiments as well as in their simulations are analyzed. These phenomena concern steam condensation and helium redistribution by convective flows due to the cooler activation in the installation. Local ‘pockets’ of helium are formed with a molar fraction larger than the maximum achieved at the first three phases of the experiments. The accounting of initial and boundary conditions along with calibration of the models provided as a whole a good agreement between calculations and experimental data on transient behavior of gas composition in the facility at the first three phases and at the final fourth phase.
Experimental Research on Steam Condensation on Cold Surface: Facility Design
Authors: Han Li-Yong , Yang Lin , Zhou Shan , Wang Shen , Tian Chun-Lai , Zhao Wei , Wang Jia-Peng 
Published: November 2014

The passive containment cooling system (PCCS) of the 3rd generation APWR utilizes natural phenomena to transfer the heat released from the reactor to the environment during postulated designed basic accidents. Steam condensation on the inner surface of the containment shell is one of the most dominate mechanism to keep the ambient conditions within the design limits. Extensive experiment and theoretical research shows condensation is a complex process, gas pressure, film temperature and velocity of the gas have impact on the heat transfer coefficient.
To span the expected range of conditions and provide proper model for evaluating the condensation heat transfer process, SCOPE test facility was designed by State Nuclear Power Technology Research & Development Centre (SNPTRD) in various conditions anticipated the operating range of CAP1400 in accident conditions. Pressurized test section with a rectangular flowing channel was used, with one of the walls cooled to maintain low temperature for condensing, supplying systems was designed for different pressures, gas temperatures, velocities and coolant water temperatures. Facility components, test section structure, supplying systems and measurement technology were described in this paper, also results of some pre-tests was introduce to show property of the facility.
Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of the Mucoralean Fusion Parasite
Parasitella parasitica
Authors: Ellenberger Sabrina , Burmester Anke , Wöstemeyer Johannes 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the
Mucor
-related fungus
Parasitella parasitica
has been sequenced. It has a G+C content of 30% and a total length of 83,361 bp. All protein-coding genes normally found in fungi are present in the sequence. A special feature is the remarkably high number of 27 homing endonucleases.
Complete Genome Sequences of Beijing and Manila Family Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Wan Xuehua , Qian Lishi , Hou Shaobin , Drees Kevin P. , Foster Jeffrey T. , Douglas James T. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The majority of isolates from tuberculosis patients in Hawaii arrive through the immigration of infected individuals from the western Pacific. We report here on the annotated complete genomes of two strains of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
from the two main lineages/families in Hawaii, Beijing and Manila.
Complete Genome Sequence of Dyella japonica Strain A8 Isolated from Malaysian Tropical Soil
Authors: Hui Raymond K. , Chen Jian-Woon , Chan Kok-Gan , Leung Frederick C. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We previously identified and presented the draft genome of a
Xanthomonadaceae
bacterial strain
Dyella japonica
A8 which shows quorum-quenching activity. Here, we report the complete, closed genome sequence of this bacterium. This complete genome may help to further investigate the comparative quorum-quenching activity among
D. japonica
strains.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Mutation Analysis of Two Extensively Drug-Resistant Sputum Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (VRFCWCF XDRTB 232 and VRFCWCF XDRTB 1028) from Chennai, India
Authors: Kulandai Lily Therese , Lakshmipathy Dhanurekha , Ramasubban Gayathri , Vetrivel Umashankar , Rao Madhavan Hajib Narahari , Rathinam Sridhar , Narasimhan Meenakshi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We announce the draft genome sequence of two extensively drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains, VRFCWCF XDRTB 232 and VRFCWCF XDRTB 1028, isolated from the sputum samples of a patient clinically suspected to have tuberculosis, and we also report novel mutations that confer drug resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Mercury-Resistant Bacterium
Acinetobacter idrijaensis
Strain MII, Isolated from a Mine-Impacted Area, Idrija, Slovenia
Authors: Campos-Guillén Juan , Caballero Pérez Juan , Cruz Medina Julio Alfonso , Molina Vera Carlos , Salas Rosas Luz María , Limpens Gutiérrez Citlalli , García Salinas Isaac , Hernández Ramírez Miriam Rebeca , Soto Alonso Gerardo , Cruz Hernández Andrés , Saldaña Gutiérrez Carlos , Romero Gómez Sergio , Pastrana Martínez Xóchitl , Álvarez Hidalgo Erika , Gosar Mateja , Dizdarevič Tatjana 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the first draft assembly for the genome of
Acinetobacter idrijaensis
strain MII, isolated from the Idrija mercury mine area (Slovenia). This strain shows a strikingly high tolerance to mercury, and the genome sequence shows genes involved in the mechanisms for heavy metal tolerance pathways and multidrug efflux pumps.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with prehypertension in Shunde District, southern China
Authors: Huang Yuli , Qiu Wenke , Liu Changhua , Zhu Dingji , Hua Jinghai , Cai Xiaoyan , Wu Yanxian , Hu Yunzhao , Xu Dingli 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and combined cardiovascular risk factors of prehypertension in southern China.DesignA retrospective study; the logistic regression model was used to find the risk factors of prehypertension.SettingThe study was conducted in Shunde District, southern China, using the community-based health check-up information.ParticipantsParticipants aged ≥35 years with complete health check-up information data between January 2011 and December 2013 were enrolled and divided into hypertension, prehypertension and optimal blood pressure (BP) groups. Prehypertension was further divided into low-range (BP 120–129/80–84 mm Hg) and high-range (BP 130–139/85–89 mm Hg) subgroups.Outcome measuresThe prevalence of prehypertension and the combined cardiovascular risk factors within the prehypertensive subgroups.ResultsOf the 5362 initially reviewed cases (aged ≥35 years), 651 were excluded because of missing data. The proportions of optimal BP, prehypertension and hypertension were 39.1%, 38.6% and 22.3%, respectively. The average age, proportion of male sex, overweight, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia were significantly higher in the prehypertension group than in the optimal BP group (all p <0.05). Compared with low-range prehypertension, the proportions of overweight, dyslipidaemia and IFG were higher in the high-range prehypertension group (all p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR=2.84, 95% CI 1.55 to 5.20), male sex (OR=2.19, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.45), age (per 10 years, OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.44, p=0.03) and hyperuricaemia (OR=1.70, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.54) were independent risk factors of prehypertension.ConclusionsPrehypertension is highly prevalent in southern China. Prehypertensive individuals presented with many other cardiovascular risk factors. There was heterogeneity of combined risk factors within the prehypertensive subgroups.
Increasing inpatient hospice use versus patient preferences in the USA: are patients able to die in the setting of their choice?
Authors: Hurley Susan Lysaght , Colling Caitlin , Bender Laura , Harris Pamela S , Harrold Joan K , Teno Joan M , Ache Kevin A , Casarett David 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundGrowth in hospice utilisation has been accompanied by an increase in the proportion of hospice patients who die in an inpatient hospice setting rather than at home.ObjectiveTo determine whether this increase in inpatient utilisation is consistent with patient preferences.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSeven hospices in the Coalition of Hospices Organised to Investigate Comparative Effectiveness (CHOICE) network.Patients70 488 patients admitted between 1 July 2008 and 31 May 2012.MeasurementsWe measured changes in patients’ stated preferences at the time of admission regarding site of death, including weights to adjust for non-response bias. We also assessed patients’ actual site of death and concordance with patients’ preferences.ResultsMore patients died receiving inpatient care in 2012 as compared to 2008 (1920 (32.7%), 2537 (18.5%); OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.22; p<0.001). However, patients also expressed an increasing preference for dying in inpatient settings (weighted preferences 27.5% in 2012 vs 7.9% in 2008; p<0.001). The overall proportion of patients who died in the setting of their choice (weighted preferences) increased from 74% in 2008 to 78% in 2012 (p<0.001).LimitationsThis study included only seven hospices, and results may not be representative of the larger hospice population.ConclusionsAlthough more patients are dying while receiving inpatient care, these changes in site of death seem to reflect changing patient preferences. The net effect is that patients in this sample were more likely to die in the setting of their choice in 2012 than they were in 2008.
Continent formation through time
Authors: Roberts Nick M. W. , Van Kranendonk Martin J. , Parman Stephen , Clift Peter D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The continental crust is the primary archive of geological history, and is host to most of our natural resources. Thus, the following remain critical questions in Earth Science, and provide an underlying theme to all of the contributions within this volume: when, how and where did the continental crust form? How did it differentiate and evolve through time? How has it has been preserved in the geological record? This introductory review provides a background to these themes, and provides an outline of the contributions contained within this volume.
Leukocyte Cathepsin C Deficiency Attenuates Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression by Selective Tuning of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Herías Veronica , Biessen Erik A.L. , Beckers Cora , Delsing Dianne , Liao Mengyang , Daemen Mat J. , Pham Christine C.T.N. , Heeneman Sylvia 
Published: November 2014

Objective—
The protein degrading activity of cathepsin C (CatC), combined with its role in leukocyte granule activation, suggests a contribution of this cystein protease in atherosclerosis. However, no experimental data are available to validate this concept.

Approach and Results—

CatC gene and protein expression were increased in ruptured versus advanced stable human carotid artery lesions. To assess causal involvement of CatC in plaque progression and stability, we generated LDLr
−/−
//CatC
−/−
chimeras by bone marrow transplantation. CatC
−/−
chimeras presented attenuated plaque burden in carotids, descending aorta, aortic arch and root, at both the early and advanced plaque stage. CatC was abundantly expressed by plaque macrophages and foam cells. CatC expression and activity were dramatically downregulated in plaques of CatC
−/−
chimeras, supporting a hematopoietic origin of plaque CatC. Our studies unveiled an unexpected feedback of CatC deficiency on macrophage activation programs and T helper cell differentiation in as much as that CatC expression was upregulated in M1 macrophages, whereas its deficiency led to combined M2 (in vitro) and Th2 polarization (in vivo).

Conclusions—
Our data implicate CatC has a role in the selective tuning of innate and adaptive immune responses, relevant to a chronic immune disease, such as atherosclerosis.