bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food-web stability signals critical transitions in temperate shallow lakes
Authors: Kuiper Jan J. , van Altena Cassandra , de Ruiter Peter C. , van Gerven Luuk P. A. , Janse Jan H. , Mooij Wolf M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA principal aim of ecologists is to identify critical levels of environmental change beyond which ecosystems undergo radical shifts in their functioning. Both food-web theory and alternative stable states theory provide fundamental clues to mechanisms conferring stability to natural systems. Yet, it is unclear how the concept of food-web stability is associated with the resilience of ecosystems susceptible to regime change. Here, we use a combination of food web and ecosystem modelling to show that impending catastrophic shifts in shallow lakes are preceded by a destabilizing reorganization of interaction strengths in the aquatic food web. Analysis of the intricate web of trophic interactions reveals that only few key interactions, involving zooplankton, diatoms and detritus, dictate the deterioration of food-web stability. Our study exposes a tight link between food-web dynamics and the dynamics of the whole ecosystem, implying that trophic organization may serve as an empirical indicator of ecosystem resilience.
Three missense variants of metabolic syndrome-related genes are associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin levels
Authors: Setoh Kazuya , Terao Chikashi , Muro Shigeo , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Takahashi Meiko , Nakayama Takeo , Kosugi Shinji , Sekine Akihiro , Yamada Ryo , Mishima Michiaki , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) encoded bySERPINA1is an acute-phase inflammation marker, and AAT deficiency (AATD) is known as one of the common genetic disorders in European populations. However, no genetic determinants to AAT levels apart from theSERPINAgene clusters have been identified to date. Here we perform a genome-wide association study of serum AAT levels followed by a two-staged replication study recruiting a total of 9,359 Japanese community-dwelling population. Three missense variants of metabolic syndrome-related genes, namely, rs671 inALDH2, rs1169288 inHNF1Aand rs1260326 inGCKR, significantly associate with AAT levels (P≤1.5 × 10−12). Previous reports have shown the functional relevance ofALDH2andHNF1Ato AAT. We observe a significant interaction of rs671 and alcohol consumption on AAT levels. We confirm the association between AAT and rs2896268 inSERPINA1, which is independent of known causative variants of AATD. These findings would support various AAT functions including metabolic processes.
Genome-wide characterisation and analysis of bHLH transcription factors related to tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Zhang Xin , Luo Hongmei , Xu Zhichao , Zhu Yingjie , Ji Aijia , Song Jingyuan , Chen Shilin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) is an emerging model plant for traditional medicine and tanshinones are among the pharmacologically active constituents of this plant. Although extensive chemical and pharmaceutical studies of these compounds have been performed, studies on the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that regulate tanshinone biosynthesis are limited. In our study, 127 bHLH transcription factor genes were identified in the genome of S. miltiorrhiza, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these SmbHLHs could be classified into 25 subfamilies. A total of 19 sequencing libraries were constructed for expression pattern analyses using RNA-Seq. Based on gene-specific expression patterns and up-regulated expression patterns in response to MeJA treatment, 7 bHLH genes were revealed as potentially involved in the regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis. Among them, the gene expression of SmbHLH37, SmbHLH74 and SmbHLH92 perfectly matches the accumulation pattern of tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza. Our results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of bHLH transcription factors in S. miltiorrhiza.
Biomarkers of delayed graft function as a form of acute kidney injury in kidney transplantation
Authors: Malyszko Jolanta , Lukaszyk Ewelina , Glowinska Irena , Durlik Magdalena 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRenal transplantation ensures distinct advantages for patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, in some cases early complications can lead to allograft dysfunction and consequently graft loss. One of the most common early complications after kidney transplantation is delayed graft function (DGF). Unfortunately there is no effective treatment for DGF, however early diagnosis of DGF and therapeutic intervention (eg modification of immunosuppression) may improve outcome. Therefore, markers of acute kidney injury are required. Creatinine is a poor biomarker for kidney injury due principally to its inability to help diagnose early acute renal failure and complete inability to help differentiate among its various causes. Different urinary and serum proteins have been intensively investigated as possible biomarkers in this setting. There are promising candidate biomarkers with the ability to detect DGF. We focused on emerging biomarkers of DGF with NGAL is being the most studied followed by KIM-1, L-FABP, IL-18 and others. However, large randomized studies are needed to establish the value of new, promising biomarkers, in DGF diagnosis, prognosis and its cost-effectiveness.
13.2% efficiency Si nanowire/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cell using a transfer-imprinted Au mesh electrode
Authors: Park Kwang-Tae , Kim Han-Jung , Park Min-Joon , Jeong Jun-Ho , Lee Jihye , Choi Dae-Geun , Lee Jung-Ho , Choi Jun-Hyuk 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, inorganic/organic hybrid solar cell concept has received growing attention for alternative energy solution because of the potential for facile and low-cost fabrication and high efficiency. Here, we report highly efficient hybrid solar cells based on silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using transfer-imprinted metal mesh front electrodes. Such a structure increases the optical absorption and shortens the carrier transport distance, thus, it greatly increases the charge carrier collection efficiency. Compared with hybrid cells formed using indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, we find an increase in power conversion efficiency from 5.95% to 13.2%, which is attributed to improvements in both the electrical and optical properties of the Au mesh electrode. Our fabrication strategy for metal mesh electrode is suitable for the large-scale fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes, paving the way towards low-cost, high-efficiency, flexible solar cells.
Time-dependent deacclimation after cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions
Authors: Zuther Ellen , Juszczak Ilona , Ping Lee Yang , Baier Margarete , Hincha Dirk K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDuring low temperature exposure,Arabidopsis thalianaand many other plants from temperate climates increase in freezing tolerance in a process termed cold acclimation. However, the correct timing and rate of deacclimation, resulting in loss of freezing tolerance and initiation of growth is equally important for plant fitness and survival. While the molecular basis of cold acclimation has been investigated in detail, much less information is available about deacclimation. We have characterized the responses of 10 natural accessions ofArabidopsis thalianathat vary widely in their freezing tolerance, to deacclimation conditions. Sugar, proline and transcript levels declined sharply over three days in all accessions after transfer of cold acclimated plants to ambient temperatures, while freezing tolerance only declined in tolerant accessions. Correlations between freezing tolerance and the expression levels ofCORgenes and the content of glucose, fructose and sucrose, as well as many correlations among transcript and solute levels, that were highly significant in cold acclimated plants, were lost during deacclimation. Other correlations persisted, indicating that after three days of deacclimation, plant metabolism had not completely reverted back to the non-acclimated state. These data provide the basis for further molecular and genetic studies to unravel the regulation of deacclimation.
A mutant O-GlcNAcase as a probe to reveal global dynamics of protein O-GlcNAcylation during Drosophila embryonic development
Authors: Mariappa Daniel , Selvan Nithya , Borodkin Vladimir S. , Alonso Jana , Ferenbach Andrew T. , Shepherd Claire , Navratilova Iva Hopkins , van Aalten Daan M.F. 
Published: July 2015

O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible type of serine/threonine glycosylation on nucleocytoplasmic proteins in metazoa. Various genetic approaches in several animal models have revealed that O-GlcNAcylation is essential for embryogenesis. However, the dynamic changes in global O-GlcNAcylation and the underlying mechanistic biology linking them to embryonic development is not understood. One of the limiting factors towards characterizing changes in O-GlcNAcylation has been the limited specificity of currently available tools to detect this modification. In the present study, harnessing the unusual properties of an O-GlcNAcase (OGA) mutant that binds O-GlcNAc (O-N-acetylglucosamine) sites with nanomolar affinity, we uncover changes in protein O-GlcNAcylation as a function of Drosophila development.
Differential sensing for the regio- and stereoselective identification and quantitation of glycerides
Authors: Diehl Katharine L. , Ivy Michelle Adams , Rabidoux Scott , Petry Stefan Matthias , Müller Günter , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Lipid metabolism is a growing area of biochemical research because understanding these pathways could lead to treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. To study lipid metabolism, researchers need tools to identify and quantitate glycerides, the main component of animal fat. However, it can be difficult to tell one glyceride apart from another subtly different glyceride using current analytical methods such as mass spectrometry. Thus, we developed a method of discriminating glycerides using an array of cross-reactive proteins in conjunction with pattern recognition algorithms. By incorporating an olefin metathesis pretreatment step, we were able to distinguish glyceride regio- and stereoisomers and to predict these structural features. Finally, we achieved quantitation of glycerides in mixtures.
Residents’ Experience of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) as a Clinical Tool following Practical Application: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Clemence A. Jill , Balkoski Victoria I. , Lee Minsun , Poston John , Schaefer Bianca M. , Maisonneuve Isabelle M. , Bromley Nicole , Lukowitsky Mark , Pieterse Portia , Antonikowski Angela , Hamilton Christopher J. , Hall Schekeva , Glick Stanley D. 
Published: July 2015

Background Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), an evidence-based validated system for providing early detection and brief treatment of substance use disorders, has been widely used in the training of medical residents across specialties at a number of sites. This article investigates the effectiveness of SBIRT training during short-term follow-up at Albany Medical Center, one of the initial Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grantees. Methods Training outcomes were measured by training satisfaction following opportunities to apply SBIRT skills in clinical work, the rate at which these techniques were applied in clinical work, and the degree to which residents felt that the SBIRT training provided skills that were applicable to their practice. We examined differences in learning experience by postgraduate year and by program, and conducted a qualitative analysis in a convergent parallel mixed-methods design to elucidate barriers encountered by residents upon using SBIRT techniques in clinical practice. Results Residents remained highly satisfied with the training at 4-month follow-up, with 80.1% reporting that they had used SBIRT skills in their clinical work. Use of SBIRT techniques was high at 6-month follow-up as well, with 85.9% of residents reporting that they regularly screened their patients for substance use, 74.4% reporting that they had applied brief intervention techniques, and 78.2% indicating that SBIRT training had made them overall more effective in helping patients with substance use issues. Differences in application rates and satisfaction were found by specialty. Qualitative analyses indicated that residents encountered patient readiness and specific contextual factors, such as time constraints, externally imposed values, and clinical norms, as barriers to implementation. Conclusions Despite encountering obstacles such as time constraints and patient readiness, residents utilized many of the skills they had learned during SBIRT training in clinical practice and reported finding these skills useful in their management of patients with substance use issues.
Interim Buprenorphine Treatment in Opiate Dependence: A Pilot Effectiveness Study
Authors: Abrahamsson Tove , Widinghoff Carolina , Lilliebladh Anna , Gedeon Charlotte , Nilvall Kent , Hakansson Anders 
Published: July 2015

Background Interim methadone treatment (i.e., temporary medication-only treatment) has been tested in a few U.S. studies as a method for facilitated referral to and initiation of opioid maintenance treatment in heroin dependence. However, despite the favorable safety profile of buprenorphine compared with methadone, interim treatment with buprenorphine rarely has been tested and reported in the scientific literature. The present pilot effectiveness study aims to assess the feasibility of an interim buprenorphine treatment for initiation of individuals with opiate dependence into full-scale opioid maintenance treatment, and to study baseline predictors of successful transfer to full-scale treatment. Methods Interim treatment was introduced in a high-threshold setting with waiting lists to opioid maintenance treatment. Consecutive patients on the waiting list were offered the option to enter interim treatment. The interim program was a medication-only condition with supervised daily doses of buprenorphine-naloxone. The main outcome was successful transfer to full-scale opioid maintenance treatment, which required a drug-free urine sample. Results Forty-four patients entered interim buprenorphine treatment. Among them, 57% ( n = 25) were successfully transferred to full-scale treatment after an average of 44 days. Remaining patients could not be transferred, generally because they did not manage to become drug-free. Successful transfer to full-scale treatment was associated with a lower baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score (4.4 vs. 12.6; P < .001) and tended to be associated with lower cannabis use (5.2 vs. 10.4 days during the past 30 days; P = .06) and lower heroin use (7.2 vs. 9.9 days; P = .09) prior to baseline. In a logistic regression analysis, only lower AUDIT score predicted successful treatment entry. Conclusions According to these pilot data, supervised buprenorphine-naloxone in a medication-only interim treatment condition appears to be a feasible way to improve treatment initiation in a high-threshold setting. Polydrug use, including higher levels of alcohol consumption, may predict a more complicated course in interim treatment.
Sometimes more is more: iterative participatory design of infographics for engagement of community members with varying levels of health literacy
Authors: Arcia Adriana , Suero-Tejeda Niurka , Bales Michael E , Merrill Jacqueline A , Yoon Sunmoo , Woollen Janet , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective To collaborate with community members to develop tailored infographics that support comprehension of health information, engage the viewer, and may have the potential to motivate health-promoting behaviors.Methods The authors conducted participatory design sessions with community members, who were purposively sampled and grouped by preferred language (English, Spanish), age group (18–30, 31–60, &gt;60 years), and level of health literacy (adequate, marginal, inadequate). Research staff elicited perceived meaning of each infographic, preferences between infographics, suggestions for improvement, and whether or not the infographics would motivate health-promoting behavior. Analysis and infographic refinement were iterative and concurrent with data collection.Results Successful designs were information-rich, supported comparison, provided context, and/or employed familiar color and symbolic analogies. Infographics that employed repeated icons to represent multiple instances of a more general class of things (e.g., apple icons to represent fruit servings) were interpreted in a rigidly literal fashion and thus were unsuitable for this community. Preliminary findings suggest that infographics may motivate health-promoting behaviors.Discussion Infographics should be information-rich, contextualize the information for the viewer, and yield an accurate meaning even if interpreted literally.Conclusion Carefully designed infographics can be useful tools to support comprehension and thus help patients engage with their own health data. Infographics may contribute to patients’ ability to participate in the Learning Health System through participation in the development of a robust data utility, use of clinical communication tools for health self-management, and involvement in building knowledge through patient-reported outcomes.
“Community vital signs” : incorporating geocoded social determinants into electronic records to promote patient and population health
Authors: Bazemore Andrew W , Cottrell Erika K , Gold Rachel , Hughes Lauren S , Phillips Robert L , Angier Heather , Burdick Timothy E , Carrozza Mark A , DeVoe Jennifer E 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial determinants of health significantly impact morbidity and mortality; however, physicians lack ready access to this information in patient care and population management. Just as traditional vital signs give providers a biometric assessment of any patient, “community vital signs” (Community VS) can provide an aggregated overview of the social and environmental factors impacting patient health. Knowing Community VS could inform clinical recommendations for individual patients, facilitate referrals to community services, and expand understanding of factors impacting treatment adherence and health outcomes. This information could also help care teams target disease prevention initiatives and other health improvement efforts for clinic panels and populations. Given the proliferation of big data, geospatial technologies, and democratization of data, the time has come to integrate Community VS into the electronic health record (EHR). Here, the authors describe (i) historical precedent for this concept, (ii) opportunities to expand upon these historical foundations, and (iii) a novel approach to EHR integration.
The challenges of an integrated governance process in healthcare
Authors: Delaney Lori 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– Dysfunctional governance processes have contributed to catastrophic healthcare system failures due to discordance between clinical and corporate governance processes. The emergence of an integrated governance approach endeavours to overcome the traditional boundaries between corporate and clinical governance systems, to enhance understanding and transparency in the organisations approach to service provision. The purpose of this paper is to discusses the attributes of an integrated governance approach and its contribution to enhancing service delivery.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides an overview of the governance approaches and the emergence of integrated governance to improve overall service delivery.

Findings
– An integrated governance approach erodes the traditional boundaries that exist within the complex healthcare system. This allows for a greater understanding of healthcare strategies and organisational objectives, and the dissemination of these throughout the organisation. Further, enhancing awareness within the clinical setting of the core attributes of the organisation and for the upper echelons of management to have a greater understanding of the clinical issues. Integrated governance acknowledges the contribution of all stakeholders including consumers in safe guarding the delivery of healthcare and its standards.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the discussion and debate regarding governance approaches and how these are situated in enhancing organisational performance.
Clinical governance in Australia
Authors: Spigelman Allan D , Rendalls Shane 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to overview, background and context to clinical governance in Australia, areas for further development and potential learnings for other jurisdictions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Commentary; non-systematic review of clinical governance literature; review of web sites for national, state and territory health departments, quality and safety organisations, and clinical colleges in Australia.

Findings
– Clinical governance in Australia shows variation across jurisdictions, reflective of a fragmented health system with responsibility for funding, policy and service provision being divided between levels of government and across service streams. The mechanisms in place to protect and engage with consumers thus varies according to where one lives. Information on quality and safety outcomes also varies; is difficult to find and often does not drill down to a service level useful for informing consumer treatment decisions. Organisational stability was identified as a key success factor in realising and maintaining the cultural shift to deliver ongoing quality.

Research limitations/implications
– Comparison of quality indicators with clinical governance systems and processes at a hospital level will provide a more detailed understanding of components most influencing quality outcomes.

Practical implications
– The information reported will assist health service providers to improve information and processes to engage with consumers and build further transparency and accountability.

Originality/value
– In this paper the authors have included an in depth profile of the background and context for the current state of clinical governance in Australia. The authors expect the detail provided will be of use to the international reader unfamiliar with the nuances of the Australian Healthcare System. Other studies (e.g. Russell and Dawda, 2013; Phillips et al., n.d.) have been based on deep professional understanding of clinical governance in appraising and reporting on initaitives and structures. This review has utilised resources available to an informed consumer seeking to understand the quality and safety of health services.