bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community‐based prenatal screening for postpartum depression in a South African township
Authors: Hung Kristin J. , Tomlinson Mark , le Roux Ingrid M. , Dewing Sarah , Chopra Mickey , Tsai Alexander C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of using community health workers to administer short or ultra‐short screening instruments during routine community‐based prenatal outreach for detecting probable depression at 12 weeks postpartum.MethodsDuring pregnancy and at 12 weeks postpartum, the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS‐10) was administered to 249 Xhosa‐speaking black African women living in Khayelitsha, South Africa. We compared the operating characteristics of the prenatal EPDS‐10, as well as 4 short and ultra‐short subscales, with the criterion standard of probable postpartum depression.ResultsSeventy‐nine (31.7%) women were assessed as having probable postpartum depression. A prenatal EPDS‐10 score of 13 or higher had 0.67 sensitivity and 0.67 specificity for detecting probable postpartum depression. Briefer subscales performed similarly.ConclusionCommunity health workers successfully conducted community‐based screening for depression in a resource‐limited setting using short or ultra‐short screening instruments. However, overall feasibility was limited because prenatal screening failed to accurately predict probable depression during the postpartum period.
Synchronous bladder and prostate cancers in the specimens of radical cystoprostatectomy: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Özgür Berat Cem , Köseoğlu Ersin , Arık Ali İhsan , Sarıcı Haşmet , Bilgin Övünç , Yücetürk Cem Nedim , Özer Elif , Güven Eşref Oğuz , Telli Onur , Atan Ali , Eroğlu Muzaffer 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of prostate cancer that have been incidentally detected in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens of bladder cancer patients. The researchers of the current study retrospectively evaluated the data from 119 men who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy at four referral institutions in Ankara, Turkey. Of the 21 prostate cancer patients, 17 (81%) were aged ≥60 years; 10 (47.6%) had clinically significant diseases; three had a Gleason score of 6, three had a Gleason score of 7, three had a Gleason score of 8, one had a positive surgical margin along with extracapsular invasion of the tumor and a high Gleason score, and three patients had a tumor volume of ≥0.5 cm3, of which two also had a high Gleason score. Patients were followed‐up for a mean of 29 ± 10.2 months; the overall survival was 96.6% (n = 115) during that period. Preoperative digital rectal examination and prostate‐specific antigen values did not differ between the benign and prostate cancer groups. There was no survival advantage in the insignificant prostate cancer and benign prostate groups. No additional benefit for predicting prostate cancer was found with digital rectal examination and prostate‐specific antigen tests, although some clinicians advised such. In patients aged < 60 years, organ‐sparing cystectomy seems reasonable. In prostate‐sparing surgery, candidates who are aged >60 years, the preoperative work‐up may routinely include prostate biopsy, especially the apex. Preoperative findings of multifocality of bladder cancers and the presence of carcinoma in situ have the risk of prostatic involvement.
An evaluation of antigen capture assays for detecting active filarial antigens
Authors: Ravishankaran R. , Radhika N.S. , Ansel Vishal L. , Meenakshisundaram S. , Karande A.A. , Kaliraj P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease of tropical countries. This is a disfiguring and painful disease contracted in childhood, but the symptoms become apparent only in later years. Diagnosis of filarial infection is very crucial for the management of the disease. The main objective of this study was to develop a filarial antigen-based immunological assay for the diagnosis and surveillance of the disease. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were raised to the recombinant protein Brugia malayi vespid allergen homologue (VAH). Capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was standardized utilizing various combinations of antibodies and evaluated with serum samples of endemic normal (EN, n= 110), microfilaraemic (MF, n= 65), chronic pathology (CP, n= 45) and non-endemic normal (NEN, n= 10) individuals. Of the 230 samples tested, VAH capture assay detected circulating antigen in 97.91% of bancroftian and 100% of brugian microfilaraemic individuals, and 5% of endemic normal individuals, comparable to the earlier reported SXP-1 antigen detection assay. However, the combination of VAH and SXP-1 (VS) capture ELISA was found to be more robust, detecting 100% of microfilaraemic individuals and with higher binding values. Thus an antigen capture immunoassay has been developed, which can differentiate active infection from chronic infection by detecting circulating filarial antigens in clinical groups of endemic areas.
A review on bovine besnoitiosis: a disease with economic impact in herd health management, caused byBesnoitia besnoiti(Franco and Borges, )
Authors: CORTES HELDER , LEITÃO ALEXANDRE , GOTTSTEIN BRUNO , HEMPHILL ANDREW 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYBovine besnoitiosis is caused by the largely unexplored apicomplexan parasiteBesnoitia besnoiti. In cows, infection during pregnancy often results in abortion, and chronically infected bulls become infertile. Similar to other apicomplexansB. besnoitihas acquired a largely intracellular lifestyle, but its complete life cycle is still unknown, modes of transmission have not been entirely resolved and the definitive host has not been identified. Outbreaks of bovine besnoitiosis in cattle were described in the 1990s in Portugal and Spain, and later several cases were also detected in France. More cases have been reported recently in hitherto unaffected countries, including Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Hungary and Croatia. To date, there is still no effective pharmaceutical compound available for the treatment of besnoitiosis in cattle, and progress in the identification of novel targets for intervention through pharmacological or immunological means is hampered by the lack of molecular data on the genomic and transcriptomic level. In addition, the lack of an appropriate small animal laboratory model, and wide gaps in our knowledge on the host-parasite interplay during the life cycle of this parasite, renders vaccine and drug development a cost- and labour-intensive undertaking.
Coercive family process and early-onset conduct problems from age 2 to school entry
Authors: Smith Justin D. , Dishion Thomas J. , Shaw Daniel S. , Wilson Melvin N. , Winter Charlotte C. , Patterson Gerald R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe emergence and persistence of conduct problems (CPs) during early childhood is a robust predictor of behavior problems in school and of future maladaptation. In this study we examined the reciprocal influences between observed coercive interactions between children and caregivers, oppositional and aggressive behavior, and growth in parent report of early childhood (ages 2–5) and school-age CPs (ages 7.5 and 8.5). Participants were drawn from the Early Steps multisite randomized prevention trial that includes an ethnically diverse sample of male and female children and their families (N= 731). A parallel-process growth model combining latent trajectory and cross-lagged approaches revealed the amplifying effect of observed coercive caregiver–child interactions on children's noncompliance, whereas child oppositional and aggressive behaviors did not consistently predict increased coercion. The slope and initial levels of child oppositional and aggressive behaviors and the stability of caregiver–child coercion were predictive of teacher-reported oppositional behavior at school age. Families assigned to the Family Check-Up condition had significantly steeper declines in child oppositional and aggressive behavior and moderate reductions in oppositional behavior in school and in coercion at age 3. Results were not moderated by child gender, race/ethnicity, or assignment to the intervention condition. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to understanding the early development of CPs and to designing optimal strategies for reducing problem behavior in early childhood with families most in need.
Unforgettable 1956? The PCI and the Crisis of Communism in Italy
Authors: IANDOLO ALESSANDRO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Italian left has always perceived 1956 as an extraordinary year, because of the succession of international events that supposedly shocked many Italian militants and convinced them to abandon communism and the Italian Communist Party. On the contrary, this article claims that the real reasons for the crisis of communism in Italy had little to do with international events and must be found instead in the momentous economic and social changes that Italy was experiencing at the time. Unforgettable 1956 was therefore only a moment in a longer-term process that was destined to change communism in Italy. The article is based on previously unused documents now available at the Italian Communist Party Archive.
Managing the Postcolony: Minority Politics in Montpellier,c.1960–c.2010
Authors: CHABAL EMILE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUsing the case study of Montpellier, this article explores the relationship between local political actors and postcolonial minorities since the end of the Algerian War – particularly, the city's pied-noir, harki, Moroccan and Jewish populations. It examines the discourses used to secure the electoral allegiances of these groups and the myriad ways in which they laid claim to certain civic and political spaces. It employs diverse oral, archival and audio-visual sources to demonstrate how postcolonial minorities have gained important concessions from local authorities and how identity politics has developed under the Fifth Republic, despite France's strong republican tradition.
The electrocardiogram in Down syndrome
Authors: Caro Milagros , Conde Diego , Pérez-Riera Andrés R. , de Almeida Adail P. , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDown syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, with an incidence of one case in every 650 live births. It is strongly associated with heart disease, which constitutes the main cause of mortality during the first 2 years of life in this population. Most of the cardiac abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome can be suspected by analysing the surface 12-lead ECG. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyse all available published material on surface ECG and cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome to facilitate the search to the clinical cardiologist and paediatrician.
Design and implementation of Butler matrix-based beam-forming networks for low sidelobe level electronically scanned arrays
Authors: Fakoukakis Fanourios E. , Kaifas Theodoros N. , Vafiadis Elias E. , Kyriacou George A. 
Published: April 2014

In this work, the design, fabrication, and testing of low sidelobe level (SLL) Butler matrix-based beamformers is presented. The paper is divided in two parts. The first part deals with the conventional technique of simultaneous excitation of input ports. The second part introduces some novel modified low SLL Butler matrices, as an alternative advantageous design choice. Circuit architecture makes use of asymmetric branch line couplers able to provide high values of output power division ratios. Radiation patterns with SLLs far lower than −23 dB are achieved, without the use of any additional circuitry, in opposition to the case of simultaneous port excitation. Apart from SLL reduction, the switched line-phase shifter technique is applied in order to increase the number of radiated beams and improve scanning coverage. The beamformers are suitable for interference suppressing point-to-multipoint ground communications, satellite and radar/EW/SIGINT systems. Several microstrip circuit prototypes are designed, fabricated, and tested, whereas extended simulation and measurements results are adduced.
Competition and constraint drove Cope's rule in the evolution of giant flying reptiles
Authors: Benson Roger B. J. , Frigot Rachel A. , Goswami Anjali , Andres Brian , Butler Richard J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe pterosaurs, Mesozoic flying reptiles, attained wingspans of more than 10 m that greatly exceed the largest birds and challenge our understanding of size limits in flying animals. Pterosaurs have been used to illustrate Cope’s rule, the influential generalization that evolutionary lineages trend to increasingly large body sizes. However, unambiguous examples of Cope’s rule operating on extended timescales in large clades remain elusive, and the phylogenetic pattern and possible drivers of pterosaur gigantism are uncertain. Here we show 70 million years of highly constrained early evolution, followed by almost 80 million years of sustained, multi-lineage body size increases in pterosaurs. These results are supported by maximum-likelihood modelling of a comprehensive new pterosaur data set. The transition between these macroevolutionary regimes is coincident with the Early Cretaceous adaptive radiation of birds, supporting controversial hypotheses of bird–pterosaur competition, and suggesting that evolutionary competition can act as a macroevolutionary driver on extended geological timescales.
High Electron Mobility in Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC(0001) via post-growth annealing under hydrogen
Authors: Pallecchi E. , Lafont F. , Cavaliere V. , Schopfer F. , Mailly D. , Poirier W. , Ouerghi A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe investigate the magneto-transport properties of epitaxial graphene single-layer on 4H-SiC(0001), grown by atmospheric pressure graphitization in Ar, followed by H2 intercalation. We directly demonstrate the importance of saturating the Si dangling bonds at the graphene/SiC(0001) interface to achieve high carrier mobility. Upon successful Si dangling bonds elimination, carrier mobility increases from 3 000 cm2V−1s−1 to >11 000 cm2V−1s−1 at 0.3 K. Additionally, graphene electron concentration tends to decrease from a few 1012 cm−2 to less than 1012 cm−2. For a typical large (30 × 280 μm2) Hall bar, we report the observation of the integer quantum Hall states at 0.3 K with well developed transversal resistance plateaus at Landau level filling factors of ν = 2, 6, 10, 14… 42 and Shubnikov de Haas oscillation of the longitudinal resistivity observed from about 1 T. In such a device, the Hall state quantization at ν = 2, at 19 T and 0.3 K, can be very robust: the dissipation in electronic transport can stay very low, with the longitudinal resistivity lower than 5 mΩ, for measurement currents as high as 250 μA. This is very promising in the view of an application in metrology.
Model averaging to streamline the stock assessment process
Authors: Millar Colin P. , Jardim Ernesto , Scott Finlay , Osio Giacomo Chato , Mosqueira Iago , Alzorriz Nekane 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The current fish stock assessment process in Europe can be very resource- and time-intensive. The scientists involved require a very particular set of skills, acquired over their career, drawing from biology, ecology, statistics, mathematical modelling, oceanography, fishery policy, and computing. There is a particular focus on producing a single “best” stock assessment model, but as fishery science advances, there are clear needs to address a range of hypotheses and uncertainties, from large-scale issues such as climate change to specific ones, such as high observation error on young hake. Key to our discussion is the use of the assessment for all frameworks to translate hypotheses into models. We propose a change to the current stock assessment procedure, driven by the use of model averaging to address a range of plausible hypotheses, where increased collaboration between the varied disciplines within fishery science will result in more robust advice.
Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes ofNannochloropsisReveals the Mechanisms of Oil Synthesis in Microalgae
Authors: Li Jing , Han Danxiang , Wang Dongmei , Ning Kang , Jia Jing , Wei Li , Jing Xiaoyan , Huang Shi , Chen Jie , Li Yantao , Hu Qiang , Xu Jian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo reveal the molecular mechanisms of oleaginousness in microalgae, transcriptomic and lipidomic dynamics of the oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 under nitrogen-replete (N+) and N-depleted (N-) conditions were simultaneously tracked. At the transcript level, enhanced triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis under N- conditions primarily involved upregulation of seven putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) genes and downregulation of six other DGAT genes, with a simultaneous elevation of the other Kennedy pathway genes. Under N- conditions, despite downregulation of most de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, the pathways that shunt carbon precursors from protein and carbohydrate metabolic pathways into glycerolipid synthesis were stimulated at the transcript level. In particular, the genes involved in supplying carbon precursors and energy for de novo fatty acid synthesis, including those encoding components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), glycolysis, and PDHC bypass, and suites of specific transporters, were substantially upregulated under N- conditions, resulting in increased overall TAG production. Moreover, genes involved in the citric acid cycle and β-oxidation in mitochondria were greatly enhanced to utilize the carbon skeletons derived from membrane lipids and proteins to produce additional TAG or its precursors. This temporal and spatial regulation model of oil accumulation in microalgae provides a basis for improving our understanding of TAG synthesis in microalgae and will also enable more rational genetic engineering of TAG production.
Analysis of the Root System Architecture of Arabidopsis Provides a Quantitative Readout of Crosstalk between Nutritional Signals
Authors: Kellermeier Fabian , Armengaud Patrick , Seditas Triona J. , Danku John , Salt David E. , Amtmann Anna 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
As plant roots forage the soil for food and water, they translate a multifactorial input of environmental stimuli into a multifactorial developmental output that manifests itself as root system architecture (RSA). Our current understanding of the underlying regulatory network is limited because root responses have traditionally been studied separately for individual nutrient deficiencies. In this study, we quantified 13 RSA parameters of Arabidopsis thaliana in 32 binary combinations of N, P, K, S, and light. Analysis of variance showed that each RSA parameter was determined by a typical pattern of environmental signals and their interactions. P caused the most important single-nutrient effects, while N-effects were strongly light dependent. Effects of K and S occurred mostly through nutrient interactions in paired or multiple combinations. Several RSA parameters were selected for further analysis through mutant phenotyping, which revealed combinations of transporters, receptors, and kinases acting as signaling modules in K–N interactions. Furthermore, nutrient response profiles of individual RSA features across NPK combinations could be assigned to transcriptionally coregulated clusters of nutrient-responsive genes in the roots and to ionome patterns in the shoots. The obtained data set provides a quantitative basis for understanding how plants integrate multiple nutritional stimuli into complex developmental programs.
ArabidopsisCuticular Wax Biosynthesis Is Negatively Regulated by theDEWAXGene Encoding an AP2/ERF-Type Transcription Factor
Authors: Go Young Sam , Kim Hyojin , Kim Hae Jin , Suh Mi Chung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aerial parts of plants are protected from desiccation and other stress by surface cuticular waxes. The total cuticular wax loads and the expression of wax biosynthetic genes are significantly downregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana under dark conditions. We isolated Decrease Wax Biosynthesis (DEWAX), which encodes an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in the epidermis and induced by darkness. Disruption of DEWAX leads to an increase in total leaf and stem wax loads, and the excess wax phenotype of dewax was restored to wild type levels in complementation lines. Moreover, overexpression of DEWAX resulted in a reduction in total wax loads in leaves and stems compared with the wild type and altered the ultrastructure of cuticular layers. DEWAX negatively regulates the expression of alkane-forming enzyme, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, ATP citrate lyase A subunit, enoyl-CoA reductase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis suggested that DEWAX directly interacts with the promoters of wax biosynthesis genes. Cuticular wax biosynthesis is negatively regulated twice a day by the expression of DEWAX, throughout the night and at stomata closing. Significantly higher levels (10- to 100-fold) of DEWAX transcripts were found in leaves than in stems, suggesting that DEWAX-mediated transcriptional repression may be an additional mechanism contributing to the different total wax loads in leaves and stems.
Marketers' psychological capital and performance
Authors: Dinh Tho Nguyen , Dong Phong Nguyen , Ha Minh Quan Tran 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Realizing the importance of psychological capital of marketers for their work, the authors aim to investigate the mediating role of quality of work life, job effort, and job attractiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and job performance of marketers in a transitioning market, Vietnam.Design/methodology/approach– To test the mediating role of quality of work life, job effort, and job attractiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and job performance, the authors used a survey data set collected from 696 marketers working for various types of firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Findings– The authors found that psychological capital has both direct and indirect impacts, mediated by quality of work life, job attractiveness, and job effort, on job performance of marketers.Practical implications– The findings suggest that firms should pay attention to psychological capital in their recruiting, training, and development programs.Originality/value– This study documents the mediating role of quality of work life, job effort, and job attractiveness in the relationship between psychological capital and job performance of marketers in a transitioning market, Vietnam.