bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete-Information Models of Guilt Aversion in the Trust Game
Authors: Attanasi Giuseppe , Battigalli Pierpaolo , Manzoni Elena 
Published: August 2015

In the theory of psychological games it is assumed that players’ preferences on material consequences depend on endogenous beliefs. Most of the applications of this theoretical framework assume that the psychological utility functions representing such preferences are common knowledge. However, this is often unrealistic. In particular, it cannot be true in experimental games where players are subjects drawn at random from a population. Therefore, an incomplete-information methodology is needed. We take a first step in this direction, focusing on guilt aversion in the Trust Game. In our models, agents have heterogeneous belief hierarchies. We characterize equilibria where trust occurs with positive probability. Our analysis illustrates the incomplete-information approach to psychological games and can help to organize experimental results in the Trust Game. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The Impact of Negatively Reciprocal Inclinations on Worker Behavior: Evidence from a Retrenchment of Pension Rights
Authors: Montizaan Raymond , de Grip Andries , Cörvers Frank , Dohmen Thomas 
Published: August 2015

We document that the strength of negatively reciprocal inclinations affects workers’ reaction to unfair treatment. We exploit unique matched survey and administrative data on male public sector employees in the Netherlands and compare the job motivation of employees born in 1950, who faced a substantial retrenchment of their pension rights resulting from a pension reform in 2006, to that of slightly older employees who remained entitled to more generous pension benefits. Job motivation is significantly lower among negatively reciprocal employees who were affected by the reform. The adverse effect on job motivation is stronger for negative reciprocal employees born very shortly after the cutoff date of January 1, 1950, as well as for those with many unaffected colleagues, who perceive the policy change as being more unfair. The treatment effect is stronger among workers who are more likely to hold their employer accountable for the drop in their pension rights. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2157 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Fully Automated Ultrasensitive Digital Immunoassay for Cardiac Troponin I Based on Single Molecule Array Technology
Authors: Jarolim Petr , Patel Purvish P , Conrad Michael J , Chang Lei , Melenovsky Vojtech , Wilson David H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The association between increases in cardiac troponin and adverse cardiac outcomes is well established. There is a growing interest in exploring routine cardiac troponin monitoring as a potential early indicator of adverse heart health trends. Prognostic use of cardiac troponin measurements requires an assay with very high sensitivity and outstanding analytical performance. We report development and preliminary validation of an investigational assay meeting these requirements and demonstrate its applicability to cohorts of healthy individuals and patients with heart failure.

METHODS
On the basis of single molecule array technology, we developed a 45-min immunoassay for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) for use on a novel, fully automated digital analyzer. We characterized its analytical performance and measured cTnI in healthy individuals and heart failure patients in a preliminary study of assay analytical efficacy.

RESULTS
The assay exhibited a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/L, a limit of quantification of 0.08 ng/L, and a total CV of 10% at 2.0 ng/L. cTnI concentrations were well above the assay limit of detection for all samples tested, including samples from healthy individuals. cTnI was significantly higher in heart failure patients, and exhibited increasing median and interquartile concentrations with increasing New York Heart Association classification of heart failure severity.

CONCLUSIONS
The robust 2-log increase in sensitivity relative to contemporary high-sensitivity cardiac troponin immunoassays, combined with full automation, make this assay suitable for exploring cTnI concentrations in cohorts of healthy individuals and for the potential prognostic application of serial cardiac troponin measurements in both apparently healthy and diseased individuals.
Some Fine Properties of BV Functions on Wiener Spaces
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Miranda Jr. Michele , Pallara Diego 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper we define jump set and approximate limits for BV functions on Wiener spaces and
show that the weak gradient admits a decomposition similar to the finite dimensional case. We also define
the SBV class of functions of special bounded variation and give a characterisation of SBV via a chain rule and
a closure theorem. We also provide a characterisation of BV functions in terms of the short-time behaviour
of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup following an approach due to Ledoux.
Regularity of stable solutions to semilinear elliptic equations on Riemannian models
Authors: Castorina Daniele , Sanchón Manel 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We consider the reaction-diffusion problem -Δ
g

u = f(u) in ℬ
R
with zero
Dirichlet boundary condition, posed in a geodesic ball ℬ
R
with radius
R of a Riemannian model (M,g). This class of Riemannian manifolds includes the
classical space forms, i.e., the Euclidean, elliptic, and hyperbolic spaces.
For the class of semistable solutions we prove radial symmetry and monotonicity.
Furthermore, we establish L
∞, Lp
, and W
1,p
estimates which are optimal and do not
depend on the nonlinearity f. As an application, under standard assumptions on the nonlinearity
λf(u), we prove that the corresponding extremal solution u*
is bounded whenever
n ≤ 9. To establish the optimality of our regularity results we find the extremal solution
for some exponential and power nonlinearities using an improved weighted Hardy inequality.
Solvable subclasses of a class of nonlinear second-order difference equations
Authors: Stević Stevo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We present some solvable subclasses of the class of nonlinear second-order difference equations of the form
A
x

n+1 + B
x

n+1
xn
+ C
xn

x

n-1 + G
x

n+1
x

n-1 + D
xn
+ E
x

n-1 + F = 0, n ∈ ℕ0,
where the parameters A, B, C, D, E, F, G and the initial values x
-1,x
0 are real numbers. This difference equation is a natural extension of the nonhomogeneous linear second-order difference equation with constant coefficients as well as of the bilinear difference equation with constant coefficients.
Hydrogen effects on fracture of high-strength steels with different micro-alloying
Authors: Todoshchenko Olga , Yagodzinskyy Yuriy , Yagodzinska Valentina , Saukkonen Tapio , Hänninen Hannu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Constant load tests of high-strength carbon steels with different micro-alloying using strengths in the range of 1000–1400 MPa were performed at ambient temperature under continuous electrochemical hydrogen charging. Hydrogen markedly affects delayed fracture of all the studied steels. Fractography of the studied steels shows that fracture mechanism depends on the chemical composition of the studied steels and hydrogen-induced cracking exhibits intergranular or transgranular character occurring often in the form of hydrogen flakes. The size and chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Hydrogen-induced cracking initiates at TiN/TiC particles in steels with Ti alloying. Crack paths are studied with electron backscatter diffraction mapping to analyze crack initiation and growth. The thermal desorption spectroscopy method is used to analyze the distribution of hydrogen in the trapping sites. The mechanisms of hydrogen effects on fracture of high-strength steels are discussed.
Research on mechanical properties of a polymer membrane with a void based on the finite deformation theory
Authors: Sang Jianbing , Xing Sufang , Tian Hongyan , Wang Jingyuan , Zhou Jing 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Polymer membrane structures with voids can be fractured due to larger deformation and stress concentration with the effect of an externally applied load, which can lead to failure localization and crack propagation. With the modified constitutive model from Gao, finite deformation analysis of a polymer membrane containing a void has been researched. By deducing the basic governing equation for solving the problem, the paper figures out the stress distribution of different constitutive parameters and discusses the effects on membrane deformation by different parameters and the reasons for the failure of the membrane. The results show that the constitutive parameter n has a major impact on the mechanical properties of a polymer membrane with a void, which provides a reference for the design of polymer membranes.
Simultaneous utilization of soju industrial waste for silica production and its residue ash as effective cationic dye adsorbent
Authors: Bhima Arun Naidu , Park Jung-Hee , Cho Min , Yi Young-Joo , Oh Sae-Gang , Park Yool-Jin , Lovanh Nanh , Kamala-Kannan Seralathan , Oh Byung-Taek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSoju industrial waste is an important biomass resource. The present study aimed to utilize soju industrial waste for silica extraction, and residual ash (RA) as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. A high percentage of pure amorphous nanosilica was obtained from soju industrial waste ash by the acid dissolution-precipitation process. The synthesized nanosilica and the RA were characterized well using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field-emission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The amorphous nature of nanosilica and its 99% purity were confirmed by XRD and EDS profiles, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs show the nano range (14–18 nm) of synthesized silica. The adsorption capacity of RA was evaluated as a function of initial dye concentration, pH, and contact time. The sorption equilibrium data were modeled with isotherms; the Langmuir isotherm model fits well with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 232.5 mg/g at 30°C. The adsorption kinetics was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that chemisorption plays a significant role in the adsorption process. The results showed that soju industrial waste is a potential waste for silica extraction and that its byproducts are effective adsorbents.
Composite materials derived from biodegradable starch polymer and Atriplex halimus fibers
Authors: Boudjema Hayet Latifa , Bendaikha Hayet 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBiocomposites from starch and cellulose fibers have gained renewed interest as environmentally friendly materials and as biodegradable renewable resources for a sustainable development. In this study, natural fibers were extracted from a Mediterranean saltbush (Atriplex halimus) plant found abundantly in North Africa. The composites were prepared by a solution casting method from corn starch using 0–15 wt.% of micro-cellulose fibers as a filler. The structure of the composites was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical properties of the composites were determined by mechanical tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis and water absorption. The results showed that higher fiber content raised the elastic modulus by 92% and the temperature of degradation by up to 355°C. Optical microscopy revealed a good adhesion between the matrix and the fibers owing to their chemical similarities. Water uptake measurements showed that the composites had a much better water resistance and a more hydrophobic character than pure thermoplastic starch films. Biodegradability tests confirmed that the prepared composites are an environmentally safe material suited for different applications.
n-dimensional quintic and sextic functional equations and their stabilities in Felbin type spaces
Authors: Narasimman Pasupathi , Rassias John M. , Ravi Krishnan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we derive general solution of new n-dimensional quintic and sextic functional equations and investigate the Hyers–Ulam stability, Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability and generalized Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability for quintic and sextic functional equations in Felbin type fuzzy normed linear spaces. Also, we give the counter examples for the Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of quintic and sextic functional equations for some cases.
Physical self-esteem and personality traits in Swedish physically inactive female high school students: an intervention study
Authors: Kahlin Yvonne , Werner Suzanne , Edman Gunnar , Raustorp Anders , Alricsson Marie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background:
Physical activity provides fundamental health benefits and plays a positive role in physical well-being. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether a 6-month physical activity program could influence physical self-esteem and frequency of physical activity in physically inactive female high school students in short- and long-term periods and whether personality traits were related to physical activity behaviour and compliance with the program.

Methods:
The study was a cluster-randomised controlled intervention study including 104 physically inactive female high school students aged 16–19 years, 60 females in an intervention group and 44 females in a control group. The intervention group exercised at sport centres at least once per week during a 6-month period. Questionnaires were used for evaluation.

Results:
At a 6-month follow up, the intervention group improved physical self-perception in all subdomains and significantly improved physical condition, physical self-worth and self-related health compared to the control group. At 1-year follow up, 25 females out of 53 females were still physically active, and all ratings remained almost the same as at the 6-month follow up. There were no particular personality traits that were dominant in the groups.

Conclusion:
A 6-month physical activity program can positively influence physical self-esteem and the frequency of physical activity, both from a short- and long-term perspective.
Health concerns of adolescents in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Baheiraei Azam , Khoori Elham , Weiler Robert M. , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Foroshani Abbas Rahimi , Ghofranipour Fazlollah 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background:
Adolescent health concerns are an important source of information that should be considered when planning school and community health promotion policies, programs and services. Adolescence is a critical period of human development and the health concerns of adolescents can point to important issues that may be eclipsed by epidemiologic and other clinical sources of information. This study aimed to assess the health concerns of adolescents living in Tehran, Iran and to examine associations between selected demographics and the health concerns reported by participants.

Methods:
This study was a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2011. Data were collected from a stratified random cluster sample of 915 adolescents, aged 14–18 years, living in Tehran, using the Persian version of the Adolescent Health Concern Inventory (AHCI-P). The data were analyzed using the χ2, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and logistic regression analysis.

Results:
The mean numbers of health concerns in girls and boys were 48 (±27.6) and 44.5 (±27.4) respectively. The highest ranking health concern subscale for both girls and boys was The Future, and “being successful” was endorsed as the most prominent concern in the subscale. Female (OR: 1.42, CI 95%: 1.08–1.87), mother’s educational level (OR: 2.23, CI 95%: 1.07–4.65) and living in northern (OR: 1.76, CI 95%: 1.13–2.74) and western (OR: 2.02, CI 95%: 1.30–3.16) regions of Tehran were significant predictors of a higher level of health concerns.

Conclusion:
Findings can be used to inform school and public health promotion policies, programs and supportive services designed to improve the overall health and well-being of adolescents.
Diet quality and physical activity in relation to childhood obesity
Authors: An Ruopeng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective:Healthy lifestyles such as being physically active and eating a healthy diet help reduce the childhood obesity risk. However, population-level studies on the relationship between lifestyles and childhood obesity typically focus on either physical activity or diet but seldom both. This study examined physical activity and diet quality in relation to obesity in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents.Methods:The study sample of 2818 children 6–17 years old came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 waves. A healthy eating index (HEI)-2010 was constructed based on two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Participants at or above the 60th percentile of the HEI-2010 score were classified as consuming a healthy diet. Participants engaging in at least 60 min of moderate-vigorous physical activity daily measured by accelerometer were classified as being physically active. Adjusted average marginal effect of diet quality and physical activity on obesity was calculated based on estimates from logistic regressions.Results:Compared with those consuming a healthy diet who are physically active, the estimated probabilities for overweight and obesity were 19.03 (95% confidence interval: 11.31, 26.74) and 15.84 (10.48, 21.21) percentage points higher among children consuming an unhealthy diet and who are physically inactive, 16.53 (7.58, 25.48) and 13.48 (5.68, 21.29) percentage points higher among children consuming a healthy diet but who are physically inactive and 3.22 (−3.43, 9.88) and 3.10 (−3.08, 9.29) percentage points higher among children consuming an unhealthy diet but physically active, respectively.Conclusion:Healthy habit formation at an early age is essential in obesity prevention.
Neuroprotective effect of hydroxy safflor yellow A against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: putative role of mPTP
Authors: Ramagiri Sruthi , Taliyan Rajeev 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: Hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) has been translated clinically for cardiovascular diseases. HSYA is also greatly acknowledged for its protective effects against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although the precise mechanism of cerebral I/R injury is not fully understood, oxygen-derived free radicals and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening during I/R injury are widely recognized as an important contributor to neuronal injury. Thus, we speculated that the neuroprotective effects of HSYA against cerebral I/R injury may be associated with mPTP modulation.

Methods: Induction of I/R injury was achieved by 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. For behavior and cognitive assessment, neurological scoring (NSS), rotarod, and Y-maze task were performed. Oxidative damage was measured in terms of markers such as malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and catalase levels and cerebral infarct volumes were quantified using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolinium chloride staining. I/R injury-induced inflammation was determined using tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels.

Results: Animals exposed to I/R injury showed neurological severity, functional and cognitive disability, elevated oxidative markers, and TNF-α levels along with large infarct volumes. HSYA treatment during onset of reperfusion ameliorated performance in NSS, rotarod and Y-maze attenuated oxidative damage, TNF-α levels, and infarction rate. However, treatment with carboxyatractyloside, an mPTP opener, 20 min before HSYA, attenuated the protective effect of HSYA.

Conclusions: Our study confirmed that protective effect of HSYA may be conferred through its free radical scavenger action followed by inhibiting the opening of mPTP during reperfusion and HSYA might act as a promising therapeutic agent against cerebral I/R injury.
Immune response modulatory effect of Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC: an in vivo experimental study
Authors: Gilcy George K. , Kuttan Girija 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: This study was performed in order to provide a scientific basis for the conventional use of Emilia sonchifolia in the traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine possibly through modulation of the host immune defense.

Methods:
Emilia sonchifolia methanolic extract (25 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally in mice, and hematological parameters, relative organ weights, bone marrow cellularity, and α-esterase activity were assessed. Humoral immune response was evaluated by hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer and plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. Blastogenesis assays of lymphoid organs were done in the presence and absence of various mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) production was assessed by Winn’s neutralization test. The levels of cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were evaluated by ELISA.

Results:
Emilia sonchifolia significantly enhanced the total white blood cell count (9995±535 cells/mm3), bone marrow cellularity, α-esterase activity, and weight of lymphoid organs (p<0.001). The effect on humoral immune response was evident from the enhanced HA titer and increased number of PFCs (p<0.001). The blastogenic effects of mitogens were also stimulated to significant levels by E. sonchifolia treatment. Emilia sonchifolia treatment augmented cell-mediated immune response by enhancing the killing activity of CTLs and by enhanced production of IL-2 and IFN-γ.

Conclusions: From these results, it was very evident that E. sonchifolia, an indigenous medicinal plant, is a potent immune response modulator, and the present report is so far the first study to demonstrate the immunoregulatory activity of E. sonchifolia.
Land Use/Cover Change at Infraz Watershed, Northwestren Ethiopia
Authors: Sewnet Amare 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Land cover is the physical and biological cover of the surface whereas land use covers the results of human activities for the exploitation of it. The land cover and landuse change is caused by both, natural and anthropogenic factors. The objective of this study was to detect land cover/use changes in Infraz Watershed. The study has used ArcGIS10 and ERDAS IMAGINE10, landsat images of 1973, 1986, 1995 and 2011 and socio-economic data to analyze land cover and landuse changes of Infraz watershed. The study has found that due to the population increase and improper agricultural activity bush and wetlands have declined where as farm and settlement lands expanded between the study years. About 1044 wetlands and 6338.7 ha of bush lands were lost and converted to cultivated and farm lands, grass lands and forest covers which were increased by 6685.3, 357.7 and 338.3 ha between the study periods respectively. There is an urgent need to limit the population growth rate and implementing land use policy in the Infraz watershed.