bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coated nickel foam electrode for the implementation of continuous electro‐Fenton treatment
Authors: Bocos Elvira , Pérez‐Álvarez David , Pazos Marta , Rodríguez‐Argüelles Maria Carmen , Sanromán Maria Ángeles 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDElectro‐Fenton technology has already demonstrated its ability to degrade organic pollutants. In this treatment hydroxyl radicals are formed due to the reaction of the iron catalyst along with in situ electrogenerated H2O2. However, one of the main limitations of this system is the iron released in the treated effluent. Therefore, retention of iron is required, and in this study, the use of a new cathode in which the iron is fixed on nickel foam is proposed as a solution to the electro‐Fenton treatment in continuous processes.RESULTSThe retention of iron was ensured by its fixation on nickel foam using chitosan, an eco‐friendly polymer, as coating agent. Different chitosan coatings were tested to optimize the manufacturing process of the new cathode. It was concluded that the best electrode for the electro‐Fenton treatment of different dyes (Poly R‐478 and Lissamine Green B) was obtained using a half‐coating electrode cover with iron–chitosan of medium molecular weight. Furthermore, its reusability was positively evaluated in successive cycles. Finally, a continuous treatment using a fluidized bed reactor was successfully performed for the treatment of dye Lissamine Green B.CONCLUSIONSummarizing, this new cathode is a suitable alternative for the treatment of coloured wastewater by continuous electro‐Fenton treatment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization with portal vein stenting for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with severe portal vein stenosis
Authors: Hyodo Ryota , Suzuki Kojiro , Ebata Tomoki , Komada Tomohiro , Mori Yoshine , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Sugawara Gen , Naganawa Shinji , Nagino Masato 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to assess the clinical efficiency of portal vein (PV) stenting when performed with preoperative percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPVE) in patients with severe PV stenosis due to tumor invasion.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2013, four consecutive patients (one male, three females; mean age, 52 years; age range, 25–73 years) with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and PV stenosis underwent PTPVE and PV stenting. Patients were analyzed with regard to the procedure, hypertrophy of the future remnant liver (FRL), and plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green by the FRL (ICGK‐F). Further, the %FRL volume increase in PTPVE was compared between the stenting group and the usual PTPVE group who have perihilar cholangiocarcinomas without PV stenosis.ResultsPreoperative PTPVE with PV stenting was successfully performed and portal flow to the FRL improved after stenting in all four patients. The %FRL volume increase was 18–60% (mean, 34%) in the stenting group and was 12–51% (mean, 21%) in the usual PTPVE group. The ICGK‐F value after PTPVE exceeded 0.05 in all four patients. All patients achieved R0 resection.ConclusionsPreoperative PTPVE with PV stenting appears to be feasible in cases of severe PV tumor invasion and stenosis. This procedure may allow a broader indication for surgery.
Analysis of a new drug of abuse: Cathinone derivative 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one
Authors: Weiß Jennifer A. , Taschwer Magdalena , Kunert Olaf , Schmid Martin G. 
Published: December 2014

Recently, novel psychoactive drugs for human abuse such as amphetamines, phenethylamines, benzofuries, and tryptamines, cathinones have gained high popularity. These designer drugs are mainly sold via online stores as “bath salts” and are labeled “not for human consumption.” Due to the novelty of the compounds, only a little information about pharmacology, toxicology, and the long‐term damage they may cause is available. Moreover, there are only few analytical methods for their identification and analysis.Among new cathinone derivatives, 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one (DL‐4662), became available via an internet shop. A sample of this compound was purchased and investigated.The first aim of our study was an identity check by NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. As many of the recreational drugs are chiral and are mainly sold as racemates, a further goal of our research was enantioseparation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, to prove whether DL‐4662 was traded enantiomerically pure or as racemic mixture. Both chiral separation methods showed the presence of a racemate.
On‐line determination of sarcosine in biological fluids utilizing dummy molecularly imprinted polymers in microextraction by packed sorbent
Authors: Moein Mohammad Mahdi , Abdel‐Rehim Abbi , Abdel‐Rehim Mohamed 
Published: December 2014

Several years ago, sarcosine received attention as a prostate‐cancer marker. Prostate cancer is one of the most widespread types of tumor diseases in men. The prostate‐specific antigen is normally used as a marker, and it can only be detected in blood with a sensitivity of approximately 80%. In the present study, dummy molecularly imprinted polymers in microextraction by packed sorbent with on‐line liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for the determination of sarcosine in human plasma and urine samples. The polymer network glycine was used for the dummy molecularly imprinted polymers. The selectivity of the method was evaluated using similar prostate‐cancer biomarkers. In addition, various parameters affecting the extraction performance were investigated. The method limits of detection and quantification in the plasma and urine were 1.0 and 3.0 ng/mL, respectively. The values of the coefficient of determination were over 0.99 for all runs in the studied concentration range (3.0–10 000 ng/mL). The method recovery was 87 and 89% in plasma and urine, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions of sarcosine in the plasma and urine samples were in the ranges of 4.0–7.1, 3.0–6.3, 2.9–4.7, and 5.0–6.7, respectively.
Determination of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate in commercial formulations and cooling water by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Marques Thaís Tamye , Shiroma Letícia Sayuri , de Jesus Dosil Pereira 
Published: December 2014

A novel capillary electrophoresis method using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection is proposed for the determination of the biocide tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate. The feasibility of the electrophoretic separation of this biocide was attributed to the formation of an anionic complex between the biocide and borate ions in the background electrolyte. Evidence of this complex formation was provided by 11B NMR spectroscopy. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.9990) between the peak area of the complex and the biocide concentration (50–900 μmol/L) was found. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 15.0 and 50.1 μmol/L, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate in commercial formulations, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by the standard iodometric titration method. The method was also evaluated for the analysis of tap water and cooling water samples treated with the biocide. The results of the recovery tests at three concentration levels (300, 400, and 600 μmol/L) varied from 75 to 99%, with a relative standard deviation no higher than 9%.
True metabolizable energy of American black duck foods
Authors: Coluccy John M. , Castelli Michael V. , Castelli Paul M. , Simpson John W. , Mcwilliams Scott R. , Armstrong Llwellyn 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the true metabolizable energy (TME) of foods is critical to estimating the energetic carrying capacity of landscapes for migrating and wintering waterfowl. We estimated gross energy, nutrient composition, and TMEN (TME corrected for zero nitrogen balance) for 7 foods that are commonly found in the diet of American black duck (Anas rubripes) and other waterfowl wintering along the Atlantic Coast. TMEN values ( ± SE) were 3.66 ± 0.12 kcal/g for mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), 2.02 ± 0.12 kcal/g for grass shrimp (Palaemonetes intermedius, P. pugio, and P. vulgaris), 1.57 ± 0.11 kcal/g for fiddler crabs (Uca minax, U. pugilator, and U. pugnax), 1.42 ± 0.13 kcal/g for sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca), 1.39 ± 0.12 kcal/g for saltmarsh cordgrass seeds (Spartina alterniflora), 1.10 ± 0.14 kcal/g for widgeon grass vegetation (Ruppia maritima), and 0.77 ± 0.16 kcal/g for saltmarsh snails (Melampus bidentatus). TMEN estimated for foods in this study will assist conservation planners in carrying out bioenergetics modeling along the Atlantic Coast. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols: A randomized cross‐over study in humans
Authors: Wiese Stefanie , Esatbeyoglu Tuba , Winterhalter Peter , Kruse Hans‐Peter , Winkler Stephanie , Bub Achim , Kulling Sabine E. 
Published: December 2014

ScopeFlavan‐3‐ols are abundant polyphenols in human nutrition and are associated with beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the metabolic fate of (‐)‐epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and polymeric procyanidins in a randomized cross‐over study in humans.Methods and resultsParent compounds, conjugates, and microbial metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, and faeces by HPLC‐MS and GC‐MS/MS. Glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated (‐)‐epicatechin and 5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐valerolactone were the dominant metabolites in blood and urine. In addition, minor amounts of procyanidin B1 and 4‐hydroxy‐5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acid and their conjugated metabolites were detected. The formation of 5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐valerolactone and 4‐hydroxy‐5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)valeric acid varied largely between individuals as well as with the degree of polymerization of flavan‐3‐ols. Monomer units were not detectable in plasma or urine after procyanidin B1 and polymeric procyanidin intake. No correlation was found between the intake of flavan‐3‐ols and the occurrence of phenolic acids in blood and urine or the phenolic compound profiles in faeces.ConclusionIn addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan‐3‐ols, 5‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (‐)‐epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.
On the effect of the bulk tangent matrix in partitioned solution schemes for nearly incompressible fluids
Authors: Franci Alessandro , Oñate Eugenio , Carbonell Josep Maria 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the bulk modulus on the iterative solution of free surface quasi‐incompressible fluids using a mixed partitioned scheme. A practical rule to set up the value of a pseudo‐bulk modulus a priori in the tangent bulk stiffness matrix for improving the conditioning of the linear system of algebraic equations is also given. The efficiency of the proposed strategy is tested in several problems analyzing the advantage of the modified bulk tangent matrix with regard to the stability of the pressure field, the convergence rate and the computational speed of the analyses. The technique has been tested on a finite calculus/particle finite element method Lagrangian formulation, but it can be easily extended to other quasi‐incompressible stabilized finite element formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The genomic landscape of phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Flynn Aidan , Benn Diana , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Robinson Bruce , Trainer Alison H , James Paul , Hogg Annette , Waldeck Kelly , George Joshy , Li Jason , Fox Stephen B , Gill Anthony J , McArthur Grant , Hicks Rodney J , Tothill Richard W 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhaeochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neural crest‐derived tumours originating from adrenal chromaffin cells or extra‐adrenal sympathetic and parasympathetic tissues. More than a third of PCC/PGL cases are associated with heritable syndromes involving 13 or more known genes. These genes have been broadly partitioned into two groups based on pseudo‐hypoxic and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling pathways. Many of these genes can also become somatically mutated, although up to one third of sporadic cases have no known genetic driver. Furthermore, little is known of the genes that co‐operate with known driver genes to initiate and drive tumourigenesis. To explore the genomic landscape of PCC/PGL, we applied exome sequencing, high‐density SNP‐array analysis, and RNA sequencing to 36 PCCs and four functional PGL tumours. All tumours displayed low mutation frequency, in contrast to frequent large segmental copy‐number alterations, aneuploidy, and evidence for chromothripsis in one case. Multi‐region sampling of one benign familial PCC tumour provided evidence for the timing of mutations during tumourigenesis and ongoing clonal evolution. Thirty‐one of 40 (77.5%) cases could be explained by germline or somatic mutations or structural alterations affecting known PCC/PGL genes. Deleterious somatic mutations were also identified in known tumour‐suppressor genes associated with genome maintenance and epigenetic modulation. A multitude of other genes were also found mutated that are likely important for normal neuroendocrine cell function. We revisited the gene‐expression subtyping of PCC/PGL by integrating published microarray data with our RNA‐seq data, enabling the identification of six robust gene‐expression subtypes. The majority of cases in our cohort with no identifiable driver mutation were classified into a gene‐expression subtype bearing similarity to MAX mutant PCC/PGL. Our data suggest there are yet unknown PCC/PGL cancer genes that can phenocopy MAX mutant PCC/PGL tumours. This study provides new insight into the molecular diversity and genetic origins of PCC/PGL tumours. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐toxic luminescent carbon dot/poly(dimethylacrylamide) nanocomposite reagent for latent fingermark detection synthesized via surface initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Dilag Jessirie , Kobus Hilton , Yu Yang , Gibson Christopher T , Ellis Amanda V 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHere, non‐toxic luminescent carbon nanoparticles, namely carbon dots (C‐dots), were facilely synthesized via a one‐pot hydrothermal route. Raman, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence, carbon NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies revealed that the C‐dots possessed a graphitic‐like core with an oxidized surface. The oxidized surface of the C‐dots allowed for functionalization of the C‐dots with a 2‐methyl‐2‐[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid chain transfer agent. Poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (p(DMA)) was then grafted from the C‐dot surface via surface initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting luminescent C‐dot/polymer nanocomposite, C‐dot/p(DMA), was analyzed using UV−visible and fluorescence spectrometry verifying that the functionalized surface was responsible for the C‐dots' luminescence. This C‐dot/p(DMA) nanocomposite was water soluble and was used as a solution for the luminescent detection of latent fingermarks deposited on non‐porous aluminium foil substrates. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic Information‐Seeking Behaviors and Knowledge among Family Members and Patients with Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
Authors: Hamilton Jada G. , Hutson Sadie P. , Frohnmayer Amy E. , Han Paul K. J. , Peters June A. , Carr Ann G. , Alter Blanche P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) including Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond‐Blackfan anemia, and Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome are rare genetic disorders characterized by hematologic complications and increased risk of cancer. Patients and their families likely experience obstacles in obtaining sufficient health information given their disorders’ rarity. To investigate this possibility, we examined information‐seeking behaviors and levels of general and disorder‐specific genetic knowledge among 315 members of 174 families with an IBMFS, and how information‐seeking behaviors and socio‐demographic factors may be associated with their genetic knowledge. Cross‐sectional survey data indicated that participants were most likely to have ever used the Internet or healthcare providers for genetic information. On average, participants correctly answered 57 % of items assessing general genetic knowledge and 49–59 % of disorder‐specific knowledge items. Greater knowledge was associated with greater education and ever experiencing genetic counseling, attending a scientific meeting, and seeking information from the Internet and scientific literature. Among families with Fanconi anemia (whose family support organization has the longest history of providing information), greater disorder‐specific genetic knowledge was also associated with seeking information from support groups and other affected families. Results suggest that families with IBMFS have uncertainty regarding genetic aspects of their disorder, and highlight potential channels for delivering educational resources.
Battle of the hemichannels – Connexins and Pannexins in ischemic brain injury
Authors: Davidson J.O. , Green C.R. , Bennet L. , Gunn A.J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPerinatal ischemic brain injury can occur as a result of a global ischemic insult or focal ischemic stroke in the preterm or full‐term neonate. One of the most striking features of HI injury is that, after initial recovery of cellular oxidative metabolism, there is a delayed, ‘secondary’ mitochondrial failure that spreads over time from the most severely damaged areas outwards, into previously undamaged regions. This secondary failure is accompanied by transient seizure activity and cytotoxic edema.The specific mechanisms of this spread are poorly understood, but it is at least partly associated with spreading waves of depression that can trigger cell death in neighboring uninjured tissues. Both Connexin and Pannexin hemichannels may mediate release of paracrine molecules that in turn propagate cell death messages by releasing intracellular mediators, such as ATP, NAD+, or glutamate or by abnormally prolonged opening to allow cell edema. This review will discuss the controversy around the relative contribution of both Connexin and Pannexin hemichannels and mechanisms by which they may contribute to the spread of ischemic brain injury.
Status epilepticus in adults: A study from Nigeria
Authors: Owolabi Lukman , Ibrahim Aliyu , Mohammed Alhassan , Owolabi Shakirah 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurologic emergency. Immediate treatment to stop seizure activity and prompt diagnostic evaluation to recognize potentially treatable causes are paramount in the management of SE. Thus, increased awareness of presentation, etiologies, and treatment of status epilepticus SE is central in the practice of critical care medicine. However, there is a paucity of information on SE from Nigeria.Objective We evaluated the clinical profile and predictors of one-month outcome in a group of Nigerian patients with SE.Methodology Patients with SE were recruited from the medical, high dependency unit, intensive care unit and accident and emergency departments of a tertiary hospital from 2008 to 2013. The outcome was assessed using Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). The outcome, which was categorized into dead (GOS = 1) or alive was analyzed in a multivariate logistic regression model.Result A total of 76 patients was studied. The four most common underlying etiologies were stroke, antiepileptic drug (AED) non-compliance, CNS infections and metabolic derangement. Fifty-nine (77.6%) patients survived. Duration of seizure, delay in initiation of treatment (Odd ratio (OR) = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.17–16.56), refractory status epilepticus (OR = 87.1, 95% CI = 12.94–781.1) were significantly associated with death. On multivariate analysis, however, refractory status epilepticus remained an independent predictor of death.Conclusion Our study showed that the most common underlying etiologies in SE were stroke, antiepileptic drug non-compliance CNS infections and metabolic derangement. Duration of seizure, delay in treatment and refractory the SE were significantly associated with death, but refractory seizure was an independent predictor of death in SE.
Problem‐solving effort and success in innovation contests: The role of national wealth and national culture
Authors: Bockstedt Jesse , Druehl Cheryl , Mishra Anant 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInnovation contests allow firms to harness specialized skills and services from globally dispersed participants for solutions to business problems. Such contests provide a rich setting for operations management (OM) scholars to explore problem solving in global labor markets as firms continue to unbundle their innovation value chains. In this study, we examine the implications of specific types of diversity in innovation contests on problem‐solving effort and success. First, we conceptualize diversity among contestants in terms of national wealth (measured as gross domestic product per capita (GDPP) adjusted for purchasing power parity) and national culture (measured using the culture dimensions of performance orientation and uncertainty avoidance) and examine how such factors influence problem‐solving effort. Next, we examine how differences between contestants and contest holders in terms of the above factors influence contest outcomes. Using data from a popular online innovation contest platform and country‐level archival data, we find that contestants from countries with lower levels of GDPP are more likely to exert greater problem‐solving effort compared to other contestants. With regard to national culture, we find that performance orientation and uncertainty avoidance have positive and negative effects, respectively, each of which weakens with increasing levels of GDPP. Finally, our analysis provides evidence of homophily effects indicating that contestants who share greater similarities with the contest holder in terms of national wealth and national culture are more likely to be successful in a contest. We discuss the implications of the study's findings for contest holders and platform owners who organize innovation contests, and for emerging research on innovation contests.