bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heme Oxygenase‐1 Mediated Memorial and Revivable Protective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on Brain Injury
Authors: Le Li‐Li , Li Xue‐Yi , Meng Dan , Liang Qiu‐Jun , Wang Xin‐Hong , Li Ning , Quan Jing , Xiang Meng , Jiang Mei , Sun Jian , Chen Si‐Feng 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAimsIschemic preconditioning (IPC) has short‐term benefits for stroke patients. However, if IPC protective effect is memorial and the role of the intracellular protective protein heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is not known.MethodsIschemic preconditioning and the corresponding sham control were achieved by blocking the blood flow of the left internal carotid artery for 20 min and 2 second, respectively, in rats. Both IPC and sham‐operated animals were divided into three groups and treated with PBS, the HO‐1 inducer hemin, and the HO‐1 inhibitor Znpp. Three weeks after IPC, brain ischemia–reperfusion injury was achieved by left middle cerebral artery obstruction for 45 min followed by 24‐h reperfusion.Results2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and neurological dysfunction scoring showed IPC significantly reduced brain infarct area and improved neurological function occurred 3 weeks after IPC. Hemin treatment promoted whereas ZnPP blocked the benefits of IPC. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting showed that the expression of HO‐1 was higher in the border zone than in the necrotic core zone. The memorial IPC protection is independent of adenosine receptor A1R and A2aR expressions.ConclusionsWe found for the first time that the protective effect of IPC can be remembered to protect brain injury occurred after acute response disappear. The results indicate that interventional treatment can achieve protective effect for future cerebral injury not only through interventional treatment itself but also through the memorial and revivable IPC, eliminating the concern that temporary ischemia caused by interventional treatment may leave harmful effect in the brain.
Contact dermatitis caused by iodopropynyl butylcarbamate in Denmark
Authors: Martin‐Gorgojo Alejandro , Johansen Jeanne‐Duus 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundIodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a preservative that may cause contact allergy. The first cases were reported in 1997, and IPBC is currently included in our extended European baseline series in Denmark.ObjectivesTo assess trends during the period 2000–2011 concerning IPBC allergy in Denmark, and to address the question of the significance of concomitant reactions to the thiuram mix.Patients/materials/methodsNine thousand seven hundred and fifty‐five (6449 female; 3306 male) patients were patch tested with IPBC and the European baseline series at Gentofte Hospital during 2000–2011. The results were registered in an anonymized database, and analyzed with spss™.ResultsFifty‐four cases of IPBC contact allergy were detected. A significant rising trend during 2000–2011 was observed, with no significant changes during 2006–2011. MOAHLFA index analysis showed that IPBC contact allergy was, in our cohort, significantly more prevalent among male patients, occupational, related to hand eczema, and more frequent among patients over 40 years old. A significant relationship between IPBC and thiuram mix allergy was found.ConclusionsIPBC continues to be among the less frequent allergens. A 0.2% concentration in patch testing has contributed to the diagnosis of more sensitizations to this substance. Further studies are needed to clarify the reason for the over‐representation of thiuram allergy in patients sensitized to IPBC.
Enrichment of ovarian cancer stem‐like cells is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition through an miRNA‐activated AKT pathway
Authors: Luo X. , Dong Z. , Chen Y. , Yang L. , Lai D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesEvidence has indicated that ovarian epithelial cancer‐type cells under serum‐free culture conditions can form spheroid cells and exhibit characteristics expected of cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs). However, the mechanism by which differentiated ovarian cancer cells acquire stem‐cell properties during CSC enrichment has needed to be elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) can generate CSCs and be associated with tumour aggressiveness and metastasis.Materials and methodsOvarian epithelial cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and HO8920, were cultured for spheroid cells and adherent cells. CSC enrichment was investigated using MTT assay, flow cytometery and qRT‐PCR and expression level of PI3K/AKT pathway components was analysed by western blotting.ResultsCompared to adherent cells, the spheroid cells expressed mesenchymal markers highly and exhibited significantly more motility; we also observed increases in phosphate AKT1 levels in the spheroid cells. Moreover, transfection of miR‐20a or miR‐200c led to corresponding reduction in endogenous PTEN protein, while AKT1 and phosphate AKT1 levels were upregulated in miRNAs‐transfected cells. Finally, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 reduced expressions of mesenchymal markers and stem‐cell gene activity in spheroid cells, enhancing sensitivity of spheroid cells to paclitaxel treatment.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that EMT contributed to enrichment of ovarian CSCs in vitro, making EMT targeting in epithelial ovarian cancer a novel therapeutic option.
Risk factors for extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis: a review
Authors: Flor de Lima Bárbara , Tavares Margarida 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionExtensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis (XDR‐TB) is emerging as a global public health problem. Its treatment is more expensive and difficult, and the outcomes much severe. The identification of risk factors for XDR‐TB is of paramount importance to design effective TB control strategies.ObjectiveTo review published articles on risk factors for XDR‐TB.MethodsWe identified 249 English articles on PubMed, and 182 were excluded by the abstract. The remaining articles were retrieved for full‐text detailed evaluation by authors, and 27 relevant articles were selected for final review.ResultsSome risk factors were consistently present, mainly previous TB treatment and its length. Other conditions often associated were immigration, alcoholism and HIV coinfection. Pre‐XDR‐TB points to an increased risk of XDR‐TB.ConclusionThe information regarding determinants of XDR‐TB is relatively weak. However, special emphasis should be given to minimize the risks of TB retreatment to prevent the emergence of highly resistant TB.
Developing a hierarchy of needs for Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Beran D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to use the concept of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and apply this to Type 1 diabetes.MethodsQualitative methods were employed using semi‐structured interviews with 101 people from 13 countries. Grounded theory was used for data collection and analysis, with thematic analysis employed to identify the interviewees' needs.ResultsSixteen needs were identified and links between these were mapped. Aligning these with Maslow's hierarchy allowed for a hierarchy to be developed for Type 1 diabetes with ‘Policies’, ‘Organization of health system’, ‘Insulin’, ‘Delivery of insulin’, ‘Control’, ‘Healthcare workers’ and ‘Information and education’ at the base, as they were needed for survival. Next came ‘Community, family and peers’ and changing roles for ‘Healthcare workers’ in their approach to care and delivering ‘Information and education’. This enabled people to learn how to use ‘Insulin’, ‘Delivery of insulin’ and ‘Control’ flexibly. People's ‘Experience’ and ‘Personality’ then helped them ‘Adapt’ and ‘Be open’ about their diabetes, allowing for ‘Acceptance’ and viewing ‘Diabetes as something positive’.ConclusionsDespite limitations, this work highlights that some needs are required for survival and others for well‐being. Some are tangible as they can be directly provided, whereas others are intangible and cannot be provided directly by the health system. These results might be used for policy and practice in identifying needs that are met within a health system or what needs are lacking for the individual to then implement targeted interventions.
Cognitive representations of peripheral neuropathy and self‐reported foot‐care behaviour of people at high risk of diabetes‐related foot complications
Authors: Perrin B. M. , Swerissen H. , Payne C. B. , Skinner T. C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the cognitive representations of peripheral neuropathy and self‐reported foot‐care behaviour in an Australian sample of people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was undertaken with 121 participants with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Cognitive representations of peripheral neuropathy were measured by the Patients' Interpretation of Neuropathy questionnaire and two aspects of self‐foot‐care behaviour were measured using a self‐report questionnaire. Hierarchical cluster analysis using the average linkage method was used to identify distinct illness schemata related to peripheral neuropathy.ResultsThree clusters of participants were identified who exhibited distinct illness schemata related to peripheral neuropathy. One cluster had more misperceptions about the nature of peripheral neuropathy, one cluster was generally realistic about the nature of their condition and the final cluster was uncertain about their condition. The cluster with high misperceptions of their condition undertook more potentially damaging foot‐care behaviours than the other clusters (F = 4.98; P < 0.01).ConclusionsPeople with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy have different illness schemata that may influence health‐related behaviour. Education aimed at improving foot‐care behaviour and foot‐health outcomes should be tailored to specific illness schemata related to peripheral neuropathy.
Lymphoma and myeloma cells are highly sensitive to growth arrest and apoptosis induced by artesunate
Authors: Holien Toril , Olsen Oddrun E. , Misund Kristine , Hella Hanne , Waage Anders , Rø Torstein B. , Sundan Anders 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe use of new drugs has improved the treatment of multiple myeloma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Nevertheless, over time many patients relapse and develop resistance to treatment, and efforts are needed to overcome drug resistance. The widely used malaria drug artesunate has been reported to have antitumor activity, and we aimed to test the effects of artesunate on a panel of myeloma and lymphoma cells.MethodsMyeloma and DLBCL cell lines were treated with artesunate in vitro. The effects of artesunate treatment were evaluated using ATP content measurements for proliferation and annexin V/propidium iodide labeling for apoptosis. Western blotting was used to look for artesunate‐induced protein changes. In addition, we measured artesunate effects on patient myeloma cells in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells.ResultsArtesunate treatment efficiently inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in cell lines. Apoptosis was induced concomitantly with downregulation of MYC and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins, as well as with cleavage of caspase‐3. The IC50 values of artesunate in cell lines varied between 0.3 and 16.6 μm. Furthermore, some primary myeloma cells were also sensitive to artesunate at doses around 10 μm. Concentrations of this order are pharmacologically relevant as they can be obtained in plasma after intravenous administration of artesunate for malaria treatment.ConclusionOur findings indicate that artesunate is a potential drug for treatment of multiple myeloma and DLBCL at doses of the same order as currently in use for treatment of malaria without serious adverse effects.
Role of glutamate receptors in the dorsal reticular nucleus in formalin‐induced secondary allodynia
Authors: Ambriz‐Tututi Mónica , Palomero‐Rivero Marcela , Ramirez‐López Fernanda , Millán‐Aldaco Diana , Drucker‐Colín and René 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe role of glutamate receptors present in the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt) in the formalin test and formalin‐induced secondary nociception was studied in rats. Secondary mechanical allodynia was assessed with von Frey filaments applied to the rat's hindpaw, and secondary thermal hyperalgesia was evaluated with the tail‐immersion test. The selective glutamate receptor antagonists MK801 (N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist), 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) (AMPA/KA receptor antagonist) and A841720 (metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor antagonist) were injected into the DRt before or 6 days after formalin injection in the rat. In the formalin test, the three antagonists significantly reduced the number of flinches in both phases of the test. DRt microinjection of MK801 or A841720, but not of CNQX, reduced both secondary nociceptive behaviors. Moreover, pre‐treatment with the three antagonists injected into the DRt prevented the development of secondary mechanical allodynia and secondary thermal hyperalgesia. Similarly, in these rats, the number of c‐Fos‐like immunoreactive neurons were markedly reduced in both the superficial and deep lamina of the dorsal horn. Our findings support the role of DRt as a pain facilitator in acute and chronic pain states, and suggest a key role of glutamate receptors during the development and maintenance of formalin‐induced secondary allodynia.
Challenges of proper placebo control for non‐invasive brain stimulation in clinical and experimental applications
Authors: Davis Nick J. , Gold Edward , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Bracewell R. Martyn 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA range of techniques are now available for modulating the activity of the brain in healthy people and people with neurological conditions. These techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS, which includes direct and alternating current), create magnetic or electrical fields that cross the intact skull and affect neural processing in brain areas near to the scalp location where the stimulation is delivered. TMS and tCS have proved to be valuable tools in behavioural neuroscience laboratories, where causal involvement of specific brain areas in specific tasks can be shown. In clinical neuroscience, the techniques offer the promise of correcting abnormal activity, such as when a stroke leaves a brain area underactive. As the use of brain stimulation becomes more commonplace in laboratories and clinics, we discuss the safety and ethical issues inherent in using the techniques with human participants, and we suggest how to balance scientific integrity with the safety of the participant.
The complex relationship between the light‐entrainable and methamphetamine‐sensitive circadian oscillators: evidence from behavioral studies of Period‐mutant mice
Authors: Pendergast Julie S. , Niswender Kevin D. , Yamazaki Shin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe methamphetamine‐sensitive circadian oscillator (MASCO) is an enigmatic circadian clock whose output is observed during continuous consumption of low‐dose methamphetamine. The MASCO rhythm persists when the light‐entrainable pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is lesioned, but the anatomical location of MASCO is unknown. We recently found that the period of the MASCO rhythm is unusually short (21 h) in mice with disruption of all three paralogs of the canonical clock gene, Period. In this study, we investigated the contribution of each Period paralog to timekeeping in MASCO. We measured wheel‐running activity rhythms in intact and SCN‐lesioned Per1‐, 2‐ and 3‐mutant mice administered methamphetamine, and found that none of the mice displayed a short (21‐h) period, demonstrating that no single Period gene is responsible for the short‐period MASCO rhythm of Per1−/−/Per2−/−/Per3−/− mice. We also found that the periods of activity rhythms in constant darkness were lengthened by methamphetamine treatment in intact wild‐type, Per1−/− and Per3−/− mice but not Per2−/− mice, and Per2−/− mice had two distinct activity rhythms upon release to constant light. These data suggest that the SCN and MASCO are not coupled in Per2−/− mice. The MASCO rhythm in Per1−/−/Per2−/− mice in constant darkness alternated between a short (22‐h) and a long (27‐h) period. This pattern could result from two coupled oscillators that are not synchronised to each other, or from a single oscillator displaying birhythmicity. Finally, we propose a working model of the in vivo relationship between MASCO and the SCN that poses testable hypotheses for future studies.
Environmental reverberation affects processing of sound intensity in right temporal cortex
Authors: Altmann Christian F. , Ono Kentaro , Callan Akiko , Matsuhashi Masao , Mima Tatsuya , Fukuyama Hidenao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlthough sound reverberation is considered a nuisance variable in most studies investigating auditory processing, it can serve as a cue for loudness constancy, a phenomenon describing constant loudness perception in spite of changing sound source distance. In this study, we manipulated room reverberation characteristics to test their effect on psychophysical loudness constancy and we tested with magnetoencephalography on human subjects for neural responses reflecting loudness constancy. Psychophysically, we found that loudness constancy was present in strong, but not weak, reverberation conditions. In contrast, the dependence of sound distance judgment on actual distance was similar across conditions. We observed brain activity reflecting behavioral loudness constancy, i.e. inverse scaling of the evoked magnetic fields with distance for weak reverberation but constant responses across distance for strong reverberation from ~210 to 270 ms after stimulus onset. Distributed magnetoencephalography source reconstruction revealed underlying neural generators within the right middle temporal and right inferior anterior temporal lobe. Our data suggest a dissociation of loudness constancy and distance perception, implying a direct usage of reverberation cues for constructing constant loudness across distance. Furthermore, our magnetoencephalography data suggest involvement of auditory association areas in the right middle and right inferior anterior temporal cortex in this process.
Climatic stress increases forest fire severity across the westernUnitedStates
Authors: van Mantgem Phillip J. , Nesmith Jonathan C. B. , Keifer MaryBeth , Knapp Eric E. , Flint Alan , Flint Lorriane 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPervasive warming can lead to chronic stress on forest trees, which may contribute to mortality resulting from fire‐caused injuries. Longitudinal analyses of forest plots from across the westernUSshow that high pre‐fire climatic water deficit was related to increased post‐fire tree mortality probabilities. This relationship between climate and fire was present after accounting for fire defences and injuries, and appeared to influence the effects of crown and stem injuries. Climate and fire interactions did not vary substantially across geographical regions, major genera and tree sizes. Our findings support recent physiological evidence showing that both drought and heating from fire can impair xylem conductivity. Warming trends have been linked to increasing probabilities of severe fire weather and fire spread; our results suggest that warming may also increase forest fire severity (the number of trees killed) independent of fire intensity (the amount of heat released during a fire).
Restoration of indigenous dominance in exotic grassland by the establishment of juvenile Microlaena stipoides plants
Authors: Dodd Mike , Burns Bruce 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted to determine the establishment success of reintroducing Microlaena stipoides (pātītī, weeping rice grass) into existing high‐fertility grassland on the volcanic cones of the Auckland Isthmus. The first experiment monitored the survival and development of juveniles planted in a factorial design including two planting densities, two slope classes and two aspects across three cones. Plant survival during establishment was consistently over 90%. Maximum M. stipoides cover after 2 years (>80%) was achieved on north‐facing steep slopes (>25°) at the greater planting density (40 plants/m2). However, results were particularly idiosyncratic to specific cone/topographical combinations. The second experiment, on a flat site on one cone, monitored the survival and development of juveniles planted across four post‐planting treatments designed to suppress resident vegetation recovery. Plant survival after 6 months was relatively low (50%), and none of the treatments achieved greater than 5% cover of M. stipoides after 1 year. The chosen post‐planting treatments were unable to suppress vigorous recovery of competitive exotic grasses on a moist fertile site. Overall, juvenile planting was shown to be a potentially successful method of Microlaena establishment and could restore indigenous dominance to exotic grassland in this environment, but individual site factors and the high cost of establishment must be considered.
Neuropsychological outcomes in epilepsy surgery patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis and good preoperative memory function
Authors: Baxendale Sallie , Thompson Pamela J. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryWe examined postoperative changes in the memory function of 68 people with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) who underwent epilepsy surgery and had no previous clinical memory impairments. One in four with right HS (RHS) and one in five with left HS (LHS) in our sample of 323 people with unilateral HS performed within normal limits on memory tests that are sensitive to hippocampal pathology in group studies. People with intact memory function prior to surgery were significantly younger and had higher IQs than those with memory impairments. The majority of those with intact memory functions prior to surgery had significant postoperative declines on the memory measures at the 1‐year follow‐up and no longer functioned within the average range. People with RHS and left LHS were equally at risk of a postoperative decline. Postoperative deterioration was not related to seizure outcome. A higher IQ appears to protect against postoperative memory decline in this group. This finding does not support the notion that intact memory function in people with unilateral HS represents a migration of memory function to the contralateral structures, and thus protection from surgical insult. People with good preoperative memory function in the context of unilateral HS should therefore be counseled regarding the likelihood of a significant postoperative decline in memory function following a temporal lobe resection.