bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐34a is an intracellular and exosomal predictive biomarker for response to docetaxel with clinical relevance to prostate cancer progression
Authors: Corcoran Claire , Rani Sweta , O'Driscoll Lorraine 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDDocetaxel‐resistance limits successful treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer. We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (exosomes) may play a role in regulating docetaxel resistance. Here, we investigated intracellular and extracellular (exosomal) miRNAs related to docetaxel resistance.METHODSFollowing global miRNA profiling of cell line models of docetaxel‐resistance and their corresponding exosomes, we investigated the clinical relevance of four selected miRNAs (miR‐598, miR‐34a, miR‐146a, miR‐148a) in four publically available clinical cohorts representing both primary and advanced disease in tissue and urine specimens. One of these miRNAs, miR‐34a was selected for functional evaluation by miRNA inhibition and over‐expression in vitro. We further assessed the panel of miRNAs for their combined clinical relevance as a biomarker signature by examining their common predicted targets.RESULTSA strong correlation was found between the detection of miRNAs in exosomes and their corresponding cells of origin. Of the miRNAs chosen for further validation and clinical assessment, decreased miR‐34a levels showed substantial clinical relevance and so was chosen for further analysis. Manipulating miR‐34a in prostate cancer cells confirms that this miRNA regulates BCL‐2 and may, in part, regulate response to docetaxel. When combined, these miRNAs are predicted to regulate a range of common mRNA targets, two of which (e.g., SNCA, SCL7A5) demonstrate a strong relationship with prostate cancer progression and poor prognosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study supports the extracellular environment as an important source of minimally invasive predictive biomarkers representing their cellular origin. Using miR‐34a as example, we showed that biomarkers identified in this manner may also hold functional relevance. Prostate 74: 1320–1334, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Long‐Standing Demographic East–West Divide in Germany
Authors: Klüsener Sebastian , Goldstein Joshua R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOver the last 25 years, a large number of studies have looked at the demographic differences between the previously divided eastern and western parts of Germany. The two regions have converged with respect to mortality and overall fertility levels. But in terms of family formation behaviour, differences remain. Non‐marital births are the norm in eastern Germany, whereas they are still the exception in western Germany. Various explanations for these differences have been offered, with the most persuasive linking policy and socio‐economic conditions in eastern and western Germany after 1945 with the persistence of regional patterns. Here, we show that the non‐marital fertility divide pre‐dates the 1945 division of Germany. Indeed, already in the early 20th century, the areas of eastern Germany that made up the German Democratic Republic had, on average, roughly twice the non‐marital fertility levels of western Germany. In the first part of our paper, we document the history of this long‐standing pattern and provide a set of explanations for its emergence. In the second part, we apply multi‐level models to birth register data to explore whether East–West differences in non‐marital fertility would remain even under scenarios such as convergence in secularisation levels and economic conditions. The persistence of the past suggests that explanations for family formation differences between eastern and western Germany based solely on the most recent and current conditions are incomplete, and that convergence, if it occurs at all, will take longer than anticipated, perhaps lasting many decades or more. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An autopsy case of unicentric Castleman's disease associated with bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Ohshima Nobuharu , Shimada Masahiro , Kawashima Masahiro , Matsui Hirotoshi , Hebisawa Akira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman visited the hospital suffering from enanthema of the tongue, hair loss, and nonproductive cough. Corticosteroid administration slightly resolved the enanthema and hair loss, but not the nonproductive cough. She was transferred to another hospital for the resection of a retroperitoneal mass, which was histopathologically diagnosed as unicentric, hyaline vascular type Castleman's disease. She was then referred to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea and was diagnosed as having bronchiolitis obliterans based on computed tomography scan findings and a lung function test, while paraneoplastic pemphigus was clinically considered for her enanthema. After her death from respiratory failure in spite of corticosteroid administration, autopsy confirmed constrictive bronchiolitis in the lung. Mucocutaneous lesions, clinically considered as paraneoplastic pemphigus, were histologically different from pemphigus. The constrictive bronchiolitis and other pathological findings, including nonviral chronic hepatitis and interstitial nephritis, confirmed the diagnosis of paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome associated with the Castleman's disease.
Enhancing malware detection for Android systems using a system call filtering and abstraction process
Authors: Amamra Abdelfattah , Robert Jean‐Marc , Talhi Chamseddine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractImproving anomaly‐based malware detection techniques has been widely studied in recent years. Most of these efforts have focused on the dataset available for analysis and/or the algorithms used to distinguish between normal or abnormal behavior. These factors have major impacts on the accuracy performance of the detection techniques as well as on their time and space complexities. In this paper, we revisit a classical anomaly‐based malware detection approach (i.e., database of normal behavior) analyzing Android system calls with two conflicting objectives: reducing the time and space complexities of the selected approach without decreasing its accuracy performance. To achieve this goal, we introduce a filtering and abstraction process, which (i) removes irrelevant system calls to describe the main behavior of an Android application and (ii) unifies system calls having the same functionality but different names. This process is used to build a database describing a canonical normal behavior model of Android applications. This model is based on the 200 most popular free Android applications available in the Android market. It represents the last line of defense of an in‐depth protection strategy for smartphone systems. The results of our experimentations show that our filtering and abstraction process has positive impacts on the performance and the accuracy of the selected malware detection approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propagation of cortical spreading depression into the hippocampus: The role of the entorhinal cortex
Authors: Martens‐Mantai Tanja , Speckmann Erwin‐Josef , Gorji Ali 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPropagation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) to the subcortical structures could be the underlying mechanism of some neurological deficits in migraine with aura. The entorhinal cortex (EC) as a gray matter bridge between the neocortex and subcortical regions plays an important role in this propagation. In vitro combined neocortex‐hippocampus brain slices were used to study the propagation pattern of CSD between the neocortex and the hippocampus. The effects of different compounds as well as tetanic electrical stimulations in the EC on propagation of CSD to the hippocampus were investigated. Repetitive induction of CSD by KCl injection in the somatosensory cortex enhanced the probability of CSD entrance to the hippocampus via EC. Local application of AMPA receptor blocker CNQX and cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55212‐2 in EC facilitated the propagation of CSD to the hippocampus, whereas application of NMDA receptor blocker APV and GABAA receptor blocker bicuculline in this region reduced the probability of CSD penetration to the hippocampus. Application of tetanic stimulation in EC also facilitated the propagation of CSD entrance to the hippocampus. Our data suggest the importance of synaptic plasticity of EC in filtering the propagation of CSD into subcortical structures and possibly the occurrence of concomitant neurological deficits. Synapse 68:574–584, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unilateral injection of Aβ25–35 in the hippocampus reduces the number of dendritic spines in hyperglycemic rats
Authors: Lazcano Zayda , Solis Oscar , Bringas María Elena , Limón Daniel , Diaz Alfonso , Espinosa Blanca , García‐Peláez Isabel , Flores Gonzalo , Guevara Jorge 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process exacerbated by several risk factors including impaired glucose metabolism in the brain that could cause molecular and neurochemical alterations in cognitive regions such as the hippocampus (Hp). Consequently, this process could cause neuronal morphological changes; however, the mechanism remains elusive. We induced chronic hyperglycemia after streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Then, we examined spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze test and evaluated neuronal morphological changes using the Golgi–Cox stain procedure in hyperglycemic rats that received a Aβ25–35 unilateral injection into the Hp. Our results demonstrate that STZ combined with Aβ25–35 induced significant deficits in the spatial memory. In addition, we observed a significant reduction in the number of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the dorsal Hp of rats with STZ plus Aβ25–35. In conclusion, the reduced spine density of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 dorsal Hp could produce the spatial memory deficit observed in these animals. These results suggest that hyperglycemia can trigger Aβ‐induced neurodegeneration and thus the appearance of AD symptoms would be accelerated. Synapse 68:585–594, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hierarchical modeling in spatial epidemiology
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. 
Published: July 2014

This paper considers the basic concepts and methods used in hierarchical modeling for data arising in spatial epidemiology. Following discussion of basic statistical and epidemiological concepts relevant to small‐area health studies, the paper reviews the different approaches to model formulation, parameter estimation, and also software resources. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:405–417. doi: 10.1002/wics.1315This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Applications of Computational Statistics > Health and Medical Data/Informatics
Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Community detection in large‐scale networks: a survey and empirical evaluation
Authors: Harenberg Steve , Bello Gonzalo , Gjeltema L. , Ranshous Stephen , Harlalka Jitendra , Seay Ramona , Padmanabhan Kanchana , Samatova Nagiza 
Published: July 2014

Community detection is a common problem in graph data analytics that consists of finding groups of densely connected nodes with few connections to nodes outside of the group. In particular, identifying communities in large‐scale networks is an important task in many scientific domains. In this review, we evaluated eight state‐of‐the‐art and five traditional algorithms for overlapping and disjoint community detection on large‐scale real‐world networks with known ground‐truth communities. These 13 algorithms were empirically compared using goodness metrics that measure the structural properties of the identified communities, as well as performance metrics that evaluate these communities against the ground‐truth. Our results show that these two types of metrics are not equivalent. That is, an algorithm may perform well in terms of goodness metrics, but poorly in terms of performance metrics, or vice versa. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:426–439. doi: 10.1002/wics.1319This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Algorithms
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Data: Types and Structure > Graph and Network Data
The pathogenomics of McArdle disease—genes, enzymes, models, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Nogales‐Gadea Gisela , Santalla Alfredo , Brull Astrid , de Luna Noemi , Lucia Alejandro , Pinós Tomàs 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNumerous biomedical advances have been made since Carl and Gerty Cori discovered the enzyme phosphorylase in the 1940s and the Scottish physician Brian McArdle reported in 1951 a previously ‘undescribed disorder characterized by a gross failure of the breakdown in muscle of glycogen’. Today we know that this disorder, commonly known as ‘McArdle disease’, is caused by inherited deficiency of the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). Here we review the main aspects of the ‘pathogenomics’ of this disease including, among others: the spectrum of mutations in the gene (PYGM) encoding muscle GP; the interplay between the different tissue GP isoforms in cellular cultures and in patients; what can we learn from naturally occurring and recently laboratory‐generated animal models of the disease; and potential therapies.
The relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction in the spread of Spartina alterniflora using a spatially explicit individual‐based model
Authors: Liu Huiyu , Lin Zhenshan , Qi Xiangzhen , Zhang Mingyang , Yang Hao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study investigates a spatially explicit, individual‐based model for simulating the spread of invasive smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) in Yancheng coastal wetlands from 1995 to 2010. The model, which considers the landscape heterogeneity and changes detected by remote sensing, also reveals the relative importance of sexual and asexual reproduction in the spread by global sensitivity analysis. The model was verified as suitable for simulating the range expansion of S. alterniflora. The results show that: (1) although seedling recruitment is low, it significantly contributes to the range expansion of S. alterniflora. Removing sexual propagation greatly reduces the expansion rate. Rapid expansion requires both sexual and asexual reproduction; (2) in the global sensitivity analysis, the most significant affecters of S. alterniflora invasion were seed dispersal distance, adult survival rate and asexual recruitment survival rate. Sexual propagation contributes much more significantly to quick range expansion than asexual reproduction, but asexual reproduction is the main source of recruitment. Invasion control strategies should target a single reproduction mode. Here, limiting the germination and dispersal of seeds is suggested as a realistic strategy for controlling and managing invasion by this species.
Co‐occurrences between adolescent substance use and academic performance: School context influences a multilevel‐longitudinal perspective
Authors: Andrade Fernando H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature has linked substance use and academic performance exploring substance use as a predictor of academic performance or vice versa. This study uses a different approach conceptualizing substance use and academic performance as parallel outcomes and exploring two topics: its multilevel‐longitudinal association and school contextual effects on both outcomes. Using multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis and multilevel‐longitudinal analyses, the empirical estimates relied on 7843 students nested in 114 schools (Add Health study). The main finding suggests that the correlation between substance use and academic performance was positive at the school level in contraposition to the negative relationship at the individual level. Additional findings suggest a positive effect of a school risk factor on substance use and a positive effect of academic pressure on academic performance. These findings represent a contribution to our understanding of how schools could affect the relationship between academic performance and substance use.
Meimechite–picrite associations in Siberia, Primorye, and Kamchatka (comparative analysis and petrogenesis)
Authors: Vasil’ev Yu.R. , Gora M.P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Analysis of petrochemical and geochemical information on rocks and primary melt inclusions from olivines of meimechite–picrite associations of different ages in Siberia (Maimecha–Kotui province), Primorye (Sikhote-Alin), and Kamchatka was made. It showed that the rocks, despite their similar appearance and identical structural patterns, differ considerably in the contents and distribution of incompatible and rare-earth elements and in the composition and evolution trends of parental high-temperature highly magnesian melts.
A parametric study of the coalescence of liquid drops in a viscous gas
Authors: Sprittles James E. , Shikhmurzaev Yulii D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe coalescence of two liquid drops surrounded by a viscous gas is considered in the framework of the conventional model. The problem is solved numerically with particular attention paid to resolving the very initial stage of the process which only recently has become accessible both experimentally and computationally. A systematic study of the parameter space of practical interest allows the influence of the governing parameters in the system to be identified and the role of viscous gas to be determined. In particular, it is shown that the viscosity of the gas suppresses the formation of toroidal bubbles predicted in some cases by early computations where the gas’ dynamics was neglected. Focusing computations on the very initial stages of coalescence and considering the large parameter space allows us to examine the accuracy and limits of applicability of various ‘scaling laws’ proposed for different ‘regimes’ and, in doing so, reveal certain inconsistencies in recent works. A comparison with experimental data shows that the conventional model is able to reproduce many qualitative features of the initial stages of coalescence, such as a collapse of calculations onto a ‘master curve’ but, quantitatively, overpredicts the observed speed of coalescence and there are no free parameters to improve the fit. Finally, a phase diagram of parameter space, differing from previously published ones, is used to illustrate the key findings.
How words anchor categorization: conceptual flexibility with labeled and unlabeled categories‡
Authors: TOLINS JACKSON , COLUNGA ELIANA 
Published: July 2014

abstractLabeled categories are learned faster, and are subsequently more robust than categories learned without labels. The label feedback hypothesis (Lupyan, 2012) accounts for these effects by introducing a word-driven top-down modulation of perceptual processes involved in categorization. By testing categorization flexibility with and without labels, we demonstrate the ways in which labels do and do not modulate category representations. In Experiment 1, transfer involved a change in selective attention, and results indicated that labels did not impact relearning. In Experiment 2, when transfer involved a change in the behavioral response to categories whose structures did not change, a reversal shift, learning the categories with labels speeded recovery. We take this finding as evidence that the augmentation of perceptual processes by words is on the one hand fairly weak without explicit reinforcement, but on the other allows for category representations to be more abstract, allowing greater flexibility in behavior.
Historians, Social Scientists, Servants, and Domestic Workers: Fifty Years of Research on Domestic and Care Work
Authors: Sarti Raffaella 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHistorical research on domestic servants has a long tradition. Research, however, has become more systematic from the 1960s onwards thanks to social historians, historians focusing on the family, historical demographers and (particularly from the 1970s) women's and gender historians. For a long time, scholars assumed that domestic service (especially by live-in workers) would decline, or even disappear, because of household modernization, social progress, and development of the welfare state. The (largely unexpected) “revival” of paid domestic and care work in the past three decades has prompted sociologists and other social scientists to focus on the theme, opening new opportunities for exchange between historians and social scientists. This article provides a review of the research on these issues at a global level, though with a focus on Europe and the (former) European colonies, over the past fifty years, illustrating the different approaches and their results.
Morpho-phenological diversity among Tunisian natural populations ofBrachypodium hybridum
Authors: NEJI M. , GEUNA F. , TAAMALLI W. , IBRAHIM Y. , SMIDA M. , BADRI M. , ABDELLY C. , GANDOUR M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYBrachypodium hybridumbelongs to thePoaceaegrass subfamily. It has a close genetic relationship with temperate cereal crops, which means that it can be used as a model for temperate cereal and grass crops. In order to improve knowledge on the genetic diversity of this species, 145 lines ofB. hybridumrepresentative of nine populations and all the ecoregions of Tunisia were characterized on the basis of 18 morpho-phenologic features. The results show a considerable variation between populations and ecoregions in all traits studied. Variation was relatively higher for reproductive than vegetative traits. The majority of traits showed very low to high heritability with low border value for average length of spikelet (ALS) and an average value of 0·64. It is noticeable that high values of heritability were observed for most vegetative descriptors, with low values for reproductive ones. Differentiation between populations (QST) varied from 0·02 for ALS to 0·78 for average length of leaves with a mean value across traits of 0·4, which confirms the wide intra-population variation in Tunisian natural population ofB. hybridum. PairwiseQSTshowed that the greatest differentiation among populations was registered between Ain Drahem and Jbel Zaghouan and the smallest between Haouria and Raoued. Overall, the Ain Draham population showed the largest differentiation from the rest of the populations. To infer the effect of geographic distribution of the species, a Mantel test was applied between observed pairwise differentiation and geographic distance between populations and between ecoregions: the results show a positive, but not significant, relationship. In addition a significant negative relationship was found between phenotypic diversity and altitude, indicating that genetic diversity decreased with increasing altitude. Taken together, the high levels of intra-population variation and the lack of correlation between genetic differentiation and geographic distribution suggest a potentially important rate of long-distance seed dispersal and confirm the role played by natural selection in the population structure of Tunisian natural populations ofB. hybridum.