bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A28: Latino farm workers and non-farm workers and their experiences in providing biospecimens for research.
Authors: Thompson Beti , Carosso Elizabeth , Islas Ilda , Ibarra Genoveva 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this project was to re-contact 40 of the 100 adult participants (Hispanic farm worker and non-farm workers), who participated in a pesticides exposure study, to learn about their experience providing biospecimens for research. The 40 randomly selected participants are members of a larger cohort that has been participating in pesticides exposure research for over 10 years. During their participation in the pesticides exposure study these participants were asked to provide two 10mL tubes of blood, two buccal cell samples and four urine samples during the seven-day collection period. Two dust samples were also collected from the home and a 7-day dust sample was collected from the vehicle. This protocol was repeated a total of three times (during two different pesticide spray seasons and one non-spray season) over the course of one year. Twelve of the 40 participants interviewed also provided 20 saliva samples, 2 hair samples and one blood sample over 10 weeks for a stress and cortisol study.
Methods: Two months after completing the pesticides exposure study, we re-contacted a random selection of 40 participants to take part in a one-on-one interview. All participants are Hispanic farm workers and non-farm workers and all live in the Yakima Valley of Washington. Interview questions were selected to learn about the participant's feelings toward research, the barriers and facilitators to participating in research and providing biological samples, expectations surrounding their biological samples and thoughts about providing tumor samples.
Results: A total of 42 participants were re-contacted; 40 agreed to participate and completed an interview, 1 refused and 1 was lost to follow-up. Each participant who completed an interview was provided a $20 gift card. Qualitative analysis is summarizing the beliefs and opinions of Hispanics about donating biospecimens and their understanding of what such donation means. Their attitudes to research are also being explored. Results will be available in mid-July, 2012.
Conclusion: Speculation about Latinos giving biospecimens suggests that Hispanics are more reluctant to participate than non-Hispanic Whites. This was not our experience. The personal meaning of donation and the meaning of research is important to better understand Latinos participation in biobanking.
Citation Format: Beti Thompson, Elizabeth Carosso, Ilda Islas, Genoveva Ibarra. Latino farm workers and non-farm workers and their experiences in providing biospecimens for research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Abstract A30: Informed consent for cancer biobank research: Case series of patients with cancer disparities in rural Maine.
Authors: Hock Janet M. , Morrison Deborah G. , Farah Christopher C. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
One critical issue in cancer research biobanking is improving representation of America's minority and medically underserved populations. Rural populations often suffer disparities related to poverty and healthcare access, limiting their participation in cancer research. We report a case series of newly diagnosed cancer patients at Eastern Maine Medical Center (EMMC), a rural comprehensive medical center. Of 85 eligible cases, 83 (98%) consented to participate in biobanking research; 2 years later, survivors (87%) consented to 2 additional requests.
We used NCI/ISBER Best Practices to create biobank infrastructure after approval by EMMC IRB and OHP HRPO. Informed consent forms were at Flesch-Kincaid 8th Grade reading level, and supplemented by NCI educational brochures. Cases lived 50-150 miles from EMMC. Of 108 candidates, 83 eligible cases (49 lung cancer; 21 breast cancer; 13 other cancers) consented to questionnaires and donation of blood and/or tissue. Of the remaining 23 cases, 2 declined; cancer was not confirmed in 12; 4 died, and 7 were ineligible. Within 2 years, 14 cases died. Of those alive, 60/69 (87%) were re-contacted and consented to additional data collection, and transfer of biospecimens to NCI's biorepository. Most cases exhibited co-morbidities with 1-3 chronic diseases (mostly cardiovascular), prior cancer history and long-term tobacco and/or alcohol consumption. Nearly 90% reported 1+ relative with cancer, while 69%, reported 1+ prior cancers. Anecdotally, willingness to consent was based on altruistic hopes that research would generate knowledge to reduce cancer incidence. In summary, cancer patients from disadvantaged rural communities will consent to participate in biobank research.
Citation Format: Janet M. Hock, Deborah G. Morrison, Christopher C. Farah. Informed consent for cancer biobank research: Case series of patients with cancer disparities in rural Maine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Abstract A38: Nanoreformulation of platinum-based drugs to address disparate cancer treatment outcomes.
Authors: Lillard James W. , Singh S. , Singh R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Modest responses and systemic toxicities during treatment of advanced cancer limits cancer drug efficacy, especially in African Americans. We determined the utility of cisplatin-loaded biodegradable XPclad nanoparticles coated with folate-conjugated polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol. XPclad nanoparticles under in vitro conditions exhibited sustained release of the encapsulated cisplatin. Prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines (PC3, LNCaP, PTEN-CaP2, etc.), but not normal prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC and RWPE-1), expressed high levels of folate receptor α (FRα/FR1). Similar to cancer cells, Treg cells but not T helper cells express high affinity folate receptor (FRδ/FR4). Treatment using 20 μM of cisplatin solution resulted in &gt; 90% cell death of PCa cells, PrEC, and RWPE-1 cells as well as purified CD4+CD25HiFoxP3+ T cells (Tregs) and CD4+CD25LoFoxP3- T cells (T helper). However, XPclad nanoparticles, containing cisplatin (equivalent to a 200 nM dose), were taken up and induced the same level of apoptosis in PCa and Treg cells as cisplatin solution, but did not significantly affect PrEC or RWPE-1 cells or T helper cells. Finally, we show that PC3 tumor-bearing mice that received either cisplatin solution (8 mg/kg/week) or cisplatin-encapsulated folate-coated XPclad nanoparticles (equivalent cisplatin dose = 0.08 mg/kg/week) resulted in significant tumor regression. Mice receiving cisplatin solution had significantly higher kidney and liver toxicities than naïve or XPclad nanoparticle-treated mice. Our studies show XPclad nanoparticles enhance tumor therapy efficacy with significantly lower to no toxicity and suggest that FR-targeted nanotherapy modulates the destruction of both tumor cells and Treg cells for increased efficacy. GRANT SUPPORT: G12 RR03034, U54 CA118638 and P60MD00525
Citation Format: James W. Lillard, S. Singh, R. Singh. Nanoreformulation of platinum-based drugs to address disparate cancer treatment outcomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
Abstract A43: EGFR-targeted therapy in African Americans with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective clinical, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacokinetic study.
Authors: Phelps Mitch , Stinchcombe Thomas , Blachly James S. , Zhao Weiqiang , Schaaf Larry J. , Starrett Sherri L. , Otterson Gregory , Hicks William , Socinski Mark , Villalona-Calero Miguel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Context: Focused evaluation of the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and the potential influence of pharmacogenetics and tumor genetics, has not been previously performed in African American patients with Non-Small Cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Objective: To evaluate disease control rate (DCR) in African American patients with NSCLC produced by erlotinib, the effect of its titration to rash occurrence, and to characterize pharmacokinetics of parent drug and metabolite, tumor genetics, and pharmacogenetics of erlotinib metabolizing enzymes and transporter genes.
Design, Setting and Patients: 55 African Americans with NSCLC on a 2-stage-minimax randomized phase II study.
Intervention: Patients received erlotinib 150 mg daily or a dose based on body weight with subsequent escalations to 200 mg to achieve skin rash.
Main Outcome Measures: The primary endpoint was DCR (CR+PR+SD) at 3 months. Time to progression and 1-year survival were also evaluated.
Results: 12 of 52 evaluable patients had disease control at 3 months; 6 per arm. Absence of skin rash on therapy was associated with early PD (10/11), exposures for erlotinib and OSI-420 were lower compared to previous reports, and pharmacogenetic factors were consistent with high erlotinib clearance in most patients. Tumor genetics showed one EGFR exon 19 mutation, a novel EGFR exon 20 missense mutation, EGFR amplification in 17/47 samples, 8 KRAS mutations and 5 EML4-ALK translocations.
Conclusions: Results from this trial support the serial linkage of cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics, erlotinib pharmacokinetics, rash, and response. Factors consistent with high erlotinib metabolism are predominantly present in African Americans. However, the dose-to-rash strategy failed to increase clinical benefit within the dose-range tested, and a relatively high incidence of tumor genetics associated with erlotinib resistance was found. As with other ethnicities, assessment of tumor genetics is recommended. The high clearance data suggests that the concept of standard erlotinib dosing in African American patients should be reconsidered
Citation Format: Mitch Phelps, Thomas Stinchcombe, James S. Blachly, Weiqiang Zhao, Larry J. Schaaf, Sherri L. Starrett, Gregory Otterson, William Hicks, Mark Socinski, Miguel Villalona-Calero. EGFR-targeted therapy in African Americans with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective clinical, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacokinetic study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A43.
Abstract A47: Evaluating therapeutic care delay among Latina and European American cervical cancer survivors.
Authors: Rosales Monica , Ashing-Giwa Kimlin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Severe delays, in cancer diagnostic or therapeutic care, approaching ≥60 days negatively affect survival and survivorship outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate socioeconomic and healthcare system factors influencing therapeutic care delays among European- and Latina-American cervical cancer survivors (CCS).
Methods: 291 CCS (132 European-, 50 English-proficient (EP) Latina-, and 109 limited English-proficient (LEP) Latina-Americans) were recruited from the California Cancer Registry and hospital registries. CCS completed a self-report questionnaire assessing demographic and cancer-related factors. CCS retrospectively noted the days of delay in obtaining therapeutic care and reasons for delays.
Results: CCS who were LEP Latina-Americans, had lower income and education reported severe therapeutic delays (≥60 days). LEP Latina-Americans experienced more comorbidities (i.e., diabetes) and delays due to financial issues, doctor's delay, and healthcare system issues (p&lt;0.001). Doctor and healthcare system delays were significant predictors of delayed therapeutic care in the logistic regression model.
Conclusions: It is well documented that timely access to therapeutic care for cancers results in better prognosis and less costly treatments; thus reducing the human and economic cost of CCA. Healthcare system delays, patient health status, income, and education significantly influenced access to appropriately-timed care. Yet, the interaction of provider-actions and patient factors remains largely unexplained and needs further comprehensive investigation with larger samples. Our findings indicate that healthcare system administrators, providers, and researchers need to develop a fuller appreciation of the multilevel factors that contribute to health care barriers to better inform effective interventions to increase access to life saving care.
Citation Format: Monica Rosales, Kimlin Ashing-Giwa. Evaluating therapeutic care delay among Latina and European American cervical cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A47.
Abstract A53: Proximity to clinic and time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening in an urban safety net setting.
Authors: Han Ann M. , Battaglia Tracy , Vieira Veronica M. , Bak Sharon , Heeren Tim , Chen Clara , Freund Karen M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of proximity from subjects' residence to their clinic on the time to diagnostic resolution for subjects with a breast or cervical cancer screening abnormality in an urban safety net setting.
Methods: Boston Patient Navigation Research Program collected data (2007- 2008) for women who had a breast or cervical cancer screening abnormality at six community health centers. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and proportional hazards regression models examined the effect of distance to clinic on time to resolution, adjusting for community health center, age, race, language, and insurance.
Results: We geocoded addresses for 1512 of 1544 subjects (98%). Among those with a breast screening abnormality (36% Black, 33% Hispanic; 44% non-English), there was no significant difference in adjusted hazard ratios between the distance quartiles, 0.08 to &gt;6.12 miles, (p-values 0.50-0.98). Among those with a cervical screening abnormality (22% Black, 21% Hispanic; 15% non-English) those in the closest distance quartile (&lt;0.6 miles) were less likely to resolve than the next closest quartile (0.6-1.47 miles) (adjusted Hazard Ratio 0.756, 95% CI 0.574 -0.995). Cervical screening subjects living closest to their clinic were slower to resolve.
Conclusions: Increased distance between residence and clinic is not a barrier to diagnostic resolution for this vulnerable urban population
Citation Format: Ann M. Han, Tracy Battaglia, Veronica M. Vieira, Sharon Bak, Tim Heeren, Clara Chen, Karen M. Freund. Proximity to clinic and time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening in an urban safety net setting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A53.
Abstract B14: Community health workers support CBPR ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-to-community continuum.
Authors: Smith Selina A. , Blumenthal Daniel S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Ethical principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR)'specifically, community engagement, mutual learning, action-reflection, and commitment to sustainability' stem from the work of Kurt Lewin and Paulo Freire. These are particularly relevant in cancer disparities research because vulnerable populations are often construed to be powerless, supposedly benefiting from programs over which they have no control. The long history of exploiting minority individuals and communities for research purposes (the U.S. Public Health Service Tuskegee Syphilis Study being the most notorious) has left a legacy of mistrust of research and researchers. The purpose of this abstract is to examine experiences and lessons learned from community health workers (CHWs) in the 10-year translation of an educational intervention in the research-to-practice-to-community continuum, with a focus on colorectal cancer screening. We conclude that the central role played by CHWs enabled the community to gain some degree of control over the intervention and its delivery, thus operationalizing the ethical principles of CBPR. GRANT SUPPORT: U54 CA118638.
Citation Format: Selina A. Smith, Daniel S. Blumenthal. Community health workers support CBPR ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-to-community continuum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
Abstract B50: Concordance between self-reported and medical record breast cancer treatment data by income and education.
Authors: McDougall Jean A. , Malone Kathleen E. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Li Christopher I. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
While the use of self-reported treatment data is common in cancer disparities research, it is unknown whether their accuracy varies by study participant's income or education. Using data collected from a population-based case-control study of contralateral breast cancer, we compared the concordance between participant responses to a telephone questionnaire and medical record data obtained from all facilities where a participant received breast cancer treatment. This analysis included women age 40 – 79 diagnosed with contralateral breast cancer (n=256) or only a single breast cancer (n = 533) between 1990 and 2005. Concordance was evaluated by calculating the percent agreement, Kappa statistic and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the agreement between self-report and medical record data for the type of breast cancer surgery received, receipt and start date (month and year) of chemotherapy and radiation, and type of hormonal therapy received of all 789 participants stratified by highest level of education received (≤ high school, some college, ≥ college graduate) and annual household income (&lt;$35,000, $35,000-$69,000, ≥$70,000) at the time of diagnosis. Concordance between self-reported and medical record data for receipt of mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy was high and did not vary according to education or income strata (all κ &gt; .90). However, some variation with respect to treatment start date was observed. For radiation start date, concordance was lower among women reporting an income of &lt;$35,000 compared to those with an income ≥$70,000 (κ = 0.47, 95% CI 0.45–0.48 vs. κ = 0.60, 95% CI 0.58–0.62, respectively), and lower among women with ≤ high school education compared to college graduates (κ = 0.51, 95% CI 0.50'0.53 vs. κ = 0.60, 95% CI 0.58'0.61 respectively). These same patterns were seen with chemotherapy start dates. These findings suggest a high degree of accuracy regardless of income or education for self-reported receipt of various forms of breast cancer treatment. There was overall less concordance with respect to start dates of radiation and chemotherapy with evidence that concordance was the poorest among women with less income and less education. Studies of socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer treatment that require accurate dates of treatment initiation may require ascertainment of medical record data to avoid potential bias.
Citation Format: Jean A. McDougall, Kathleen E. Malone, Mei-Tzu C. Tang, Christopher I. Li. Concordance between self-reported and medical record breast cancer treatment data by income and education. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B50.
Abstract B78: Referral delay after community diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer impairs survival.
Authors: Kanarek Norma F. , Hooker Craig M. , Mathieu Luckson , Tsai Hua-Ling , Rudin Charles M. , Herman James G. , Brock Malcolm V. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Context: “Rush to surgery” among patients with worse symptoms, delays related to morbidity, and inclusion of patients with advanced disease have produced a mixed picture of importance of time to treatment to survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Objective: To assess the contribution of diagnosis to first surgery interval to survival among patients diagnosed in the community with early stage NSCLC.
Methods: Patients (N=174) diagnosed between 2003 and 2009 and treated at the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins were followed for vital status through 2011.
Diagnosis to first surgery interval was examined overall; as two segments: referral interval and treatment interval; as short and longer intervals (&lt;22, &lt;31, and &lt;43 days); and as a continuous variable. Our primary end point was survival since first surgery.
Results: Cox method hazard analysis revealed older age at diagnosis (OR=1.02 per year 95% confidence intervals:1.00-1.05), stage IIB (OR=2.17, 95% confidence intervals:1.12-4.21), large, &gt;4 cm (OR=3.68, 95% confidence intervals: 1.05-12.93) or unknown tumor size (OR+4.45, 95% confidence intervals: 1.21-16.38), and longer length of diagnosis to first surgery interval predicted worse survival (OR= 1.04 per week delay, 95% confidence intervals: 1.00-1.09). Factors of race, place of residence, marital status, morbidity and insurance coverage were not predictive of survival or interval length. No threshold effect of time to surgery was observed.
Conclusions: Surgery is not only the best treatment for early stage NSCLC but it is urgent once a diagnosis is made. Patients benefit from universal consideration of lung cancer as a time sensitive condition that merits rapid response to reduce tumor burden, especially among patients with small tumors. We will need to know more about referral delays encountered by patients, because particularly small tumors found upon low dose computed tomography scan will increase. Referral delay experienced in the community is unduly long (61 days). In addition to patient choices, an unconscious physician bias that lung cancer is untreatable or an inevitable consequence of smoking may be operating.
Citation Format: Norma F. Kanarek, Craig M. Hooker, Luckson Mathieu, Hua-Ling Tsai, Charles M. Rudin, James G. Herman, Malcolm V. Brock. Referral delay after community diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer impairs survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B78.