bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rho‐associated kinase inhibition prevents pathological neovascularization after corneal trauma
Authors: SIJNAVE D , VAN BERGEN T , VANDEWALLE E , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AMA0526, a selective and locally acting ROCK inhibitor on endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo by using a mouse corneal neovascularization (NV) model.Methods In vitro, the effect of AMA0526 (0.1; 1 and 10 µM) on endothelial cell proliferation and FBS‐stimulated migration was investigated. A mouse corneal micropocket (MCM) model was used to study the in vivo effect of the ROCK inhibitor on corneal NV. A bFGF pellet was implanted in both eyes and topical administration was applied once daily using AMA0526 (0.1%) in one eye and vehicle (PEG/H2O) in the contralateral eye. Outcome was investigated by analysing vessel length, clock hours and NV area 7 days post implantation. Histological outcome was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for inflammation (CD45) and angiogenesis (CD31).Results HBMEC and HUVEC proliferation was significantly inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by ROCK inhibition. AMA0526 (1 and 10 µM) also induced significant reduction of FBS‐stimulated endothelial cell migration, respectively by 29% and 40%. In the MCM model, AMA0526 treatment significantly reduced NV area by 28% and vessel length by 28%, as compared to vehicle treated. These effects were associated with a decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells (P<0.05; 32% reduction) and a reduced blood vessel density (P<0.05; 40% reduction) at day 7.Conclusion AMA0526 inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro and is efficacious in reducing corneal NV after bFGF micropocket implantation. These results indicate that ROCK inhibition by AMA0526 may have therapeutic value for the treatment of pathological corneal NV.
3D reconstruction of corneal endothelial cell shape: new insight in structure‐function relationships
Authors: HE Z , BERNARD A , DEFOE D , PISELLI S , ACQUART S , FOREST F , DUMOLLARD JM , PEOC'H M , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) support the pump‐leak theory explaining the maintenance of corneal transparency. CEC are highly polarized with a pole facing aqueous humor having an hexagonal shape bordered by apical tight‐junctions that control permeability. The interdigitated shape of basolateral membranes, described in the late 70’s, are much less known although they bear most of the pumping sites. Aim: to revisit the shape of CEC with modern microscopy and 3D reconstruction.Methods Optimized methods of immunolocalization (fixation and antigen retrieval) were applied on flat mounted whole cornea (fresh or after organ culture). The subcellular structures were distinguished by visualizing apical pole with actin, myosin and ZO‐1; lateral membranes with NCAM (CD56), connexion 43, vimentin and tubulin, and the basal pole with integrin. Stacks of high magnification images were acquired with a confocal microscope with a 150nm pitch. 3D reconstruction was performed with imageJ using convolve and Gaussian blur filters, and a model was defined.Results A 3D map of all markers was obtained. In particular, CD56 perfectly outlined the basolateral membranes of CEC. The 3D model highlighted the dramatic increase in membrane surface due to basolateral expansions.Conclusion CD56 staining pattern and especially the presence of numerous interdigitations should be considered as a hallmark for functional CEC and their study should therefore be integrated in quality controls of CEC production for regenerative medicine processes. Modifications of this 3D structure should also be studied in endothelial diseases. Grant: IFRESIS, St‐ETIENNE METROPOLE
The Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis and endophthalmitis: a systematic review
Authors: COLE ST , AVADHANAM VS , LIU CSC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSubstituting the natural cornea is no easy task. Researchers have shaped and honed methods for over 200 years, seeking the ultimate surrogate. Today the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis is the world’s most commonly used artificial cornea. Advances in both surgical technique and postoperative management have drastically reduced the prevalence of endophthalmitis. The authors conducted a systematic review of endophthalmitis arising from the Boston type 1 technique. Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched alongside grey literature sources for relevant studies. Many methods are currently employed to reduce complications including vancomycin prophylaxis and the use of bandage contact lenses. The results will be presented with a view to collate the research conducted to date.
Gene expression in conjunctival melanoma cell lines treated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA)
Authors: MUNOZ‐ERAZO L , MADIGAN M , CONWAY RM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To investigate the differential regulation of genes in conjunctival melanoma cell lines (CRMM1 and CM2005.1) treated with valproic acid (VPA), a class I and II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.Methods Based on previous viability assays, cell lines were treated with VPA (CRMM1: 3mM, CM2005.1: 5mM). At 24 and 72 h post‐treatment, RNA was extracted and processed for RT‐PCR using defined gene‐array microfluidic cards. Gene functions chosen for investigation related to HDACs, cell cycle (cyclins e.g. CCND2, CCNA1) cell death (caspases), melanocyte function (PAX6), increased susceptibility to malignant transformation (BAP1, GNAQ) and DNA damage (GADD45A).Results Upregulation of HDACs 1,2,3,4 6, SIRT2 and GADD45A occurred in CRMM1 cells by 24h but only after 24h for CM2005.1. Both CRMM1 and CM2005.1 showed increased CCND2 after VPA treatment, albeit higher in CM2005.1 (>700‐fold by 72h, compared to 22‐fold in CRMM1). CCNA1 was increased at 24 and 72 h in CRMM1 (>200 fold 24h). For CM2005.1 cells, CCNA1 was initially downregulated and upregulated by 72h (~30‐fold).Conclusion The delayed increase in GADD45A (DNA damage gene) in CM2005.1 cells compared with CRMM1 cells, is consistent with our toxicity assays showing CRMM1 more responsive to VPA than CM2005.1. The differences of CCND2 and CCNA1 fold‐changes (which are partially regulated by HDACs) between the two cell lines, may explain their dissimilar responses to VPA. Funding – NFMRI
Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis in a 69 year old patient. Medical management and use of hyperbaric oxygen as further adjunctive therapy
Authors: PORTALIOU DM , KOUROUPAKI A , KABANAROU S , KARVELA I , FERETIS E , XIROU T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report a case of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis in a 69 year old patient that was successfully managed with the use of intravenous antibiotics and surgical debridement. In addition to the usual treatment modalities, Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) was used as further adjunctive therapyMethods A 69 year old male presented with profound swelling over the right eye and right side of forehead. On admission the physicians made the diagnosis of septic shock. Patient had no history of alcohol abuse, insect bite, infection, recent penetrating injury, blunt trauma, face surgery or known immunosuppression conditions such as diabetes mellitus. Orbital CT showed a predominantly preseptal soft‐tissue swelling consistent with the diagnosis of periorbital necrotizing fasciitisResults Patient started on empiric treatment with broad‐spectrum intravenous antibiotics that modified according to blood culture results few days later. Surgical debridement and microbiologic evaluation of the necrotic tissue were performed. Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from tissue samples. Patient was further treated with twenty sessions of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Complete resolution of the infection occurred six weeks after initial diagnosis.Conclusion Treatment of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis with intravenous antibiotics and surgical debridement can be further enhanced with Hyperbaric Oxygen sessions with promising results.
Role of Azithromycin in the treatment of children meibomian gland disease
Authors: LAZREG S , BENALI ABDELLAH M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the usefulness of azitromycin eye drops in the treatment of moderate to severe meibomian gland disease (MGD) in children;Methods Prospective study conducted on 78 children with MGD. At the first examination, all patients already experienced various ophthalmological treatments without any success leading us to test azithromycin eye drops, a macrolide family with anti‐inflammatory properties. The treatment consisted on azithromycin twice a day during 5 days repeated each month for 3 months associated with Dexamethasone eye drops (6 drops a day during one week, the firs month) and daily eyelid hygiene (manual or warm glasses) during the all the treatment course.The follow‐up visits were performed on D7, D30, D60 and D90 with slit lamp examination and photographyResults 78 children were included, 76.4% had severe corneal complications (neovascularization, ulcers, phlyctenular keratitis). After the first week of treatment, a marked improvement in symptoms was observed in all children probably due to the effect of dexametasone drops, At D60; we observed improvement in corneal signs in 76.8% of cases with a significant decrease of corneal neovessels and phlyctenular. Associated with azithromycin eye drops, warm glasses showed a better efficacy than manual technic. In 5 cases, in spite of more than 3 months treatment with azithromycin, the results were no conclusive;Conclusion Azithromycin associated with eyelid hygiene is a very effective in treatment in children with MGD; furthermore, its ease of use, its very good efficacy and the absence of side effects, makes this therapy a good alternative and choice in this disease,
Common supranuclear eye movement disorders
Authors: BORRUAT F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSupranuclear disorders of eye movement result from a relative deafferentiation of oculomotor nuclei (III, IV, VI) in the presence of intact nuclei, cranial nerves and extraocular muscles. In supranuclear oculomotility disorders there is often a dissociation of eye movements (for example, gaze palsy with preserved vestibulo‐ocular reflex, or saccadic palsy with preserved pursuit). This presentation will discuss the most important supranuclear disorders, including internuclear ophthalmoplegia, dorsal mesencephalic syndrome, skew deviation, and progressive supranuclear palsy. At the end of the session, participants should be able to recognize and provide a differential diagnosis for the aforementioned supranuclear disorders.
Serous retinal detachment associated with diabetic macular edema over the course of Ranibizumab treatment
Authors: QU L , FAJNKUCHEN F , CHAINE G , GIOCANTI‐AUREGAN A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Diabetic macular edema (DME) is frequently associated with subretinal detachment (SRD). SRD does not seem associated with a change of spontaneous evolution of DME. But we do not know wether SRD has an impact on DME resolution under intravitreal injections (IVT) of Ranibizumab. The purpose of our study was to describe the course of DME treated by Ranibizumab with or without SRD over 6 months.Methods We retrospectively enrolled patients treated by ranibizumab for DME with central foveal thickness (CFT) > 300 µm between November 2012 and November 2013. Group 1 was DME with SRD and group 2 was DME without SRD. We measured manually SRD on a SD‐OCT (OPKO). We studied best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), BCVA variation from baseline, CFT with or without SRD on OCT and the total number of IVT over 6 months.Results 48 eyes with DME of 40 patients were included. 23 eyes (47,9 %) had SRD at baseline (group 1) and 25 eyes (41 %) did not (group 2). At baseline, BCVA in decimal was 0,19 (40,3 letters in ETDRS) in group 1 and 0,25 (51,3 letters ETDRS) in group 2 (p<0,05). CFT was 666µm and SRD was 215µm in group 1 and 528µm in group 2. After 6 months, mean change of BCVA was + 0,21 in decimal (+ 20,9 letters in ETDRS) in group 1, and + 0,17 in decimal (+ 7,8 letters ETDRS) in group 2 (p < 0,05). The final CFT was 327µm in group 1 (‐ 339 µm) and 379 µm (‐ 147µm) in group 2. Group 1 received 4,3 IVT over 6 months against 4,2 IVT in group 2.Conclusion DME with SRD had a thicker CFT and a lower BCVA at baseline than DME without SRD in our case series. DME with SRD seemed to have the best results under ranibizumab regarding BCVA, and CFT after treatment.SRD associated with DME seems to be a good functiona
Improved outcome after primary vitrectomy in diabetic patients treated with simvastatin
Authors: LOUKOVAARA S , SAHANNE S , TUUMINEN R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Simvastatin treatment may reduce intravitreal levels of potent vasoactive, angiogenic, and fibroproliferative factors. Here, we evaluated the effect of preoperative simvastatin treatment on the outcome of primary vitrectomy in diabetic patients.Methods Prospective, observational case control study of type 1 and 2 adult diabetic patients admitted for primary vitrectomy in management of sight‐threatening forms of diabetic retinopathy (DR). A 1‐month best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain and cumulative 12‐month re‐vitrectomy frequency of 192 diabetic patients, 79 on simvastatin treatment and 113 without any statin medication.Results Diabetic patients with simvastatin treatment had a better 1‐month BCVA improvement than did those without statin treatment (p=0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed that diabetics on simvastatin had better post‐operative BCVA improvement when preoperative status included partial or panretinal laser photocoagulation (p=0.042 and p=0.049) and anti‐VEGF therapy (p=0.011). Moreover, diabetics pre‐operatively with macular edema (p=0.009), vitreous hemorrhage (p<0.001), proliferative retinopathy (p<0.001), or tractional retinal detachment (p=0.010) had better BCVA recovery, if receiving simvastatin. Our 12‐month follow‐up revealed that the frequency of revitrectomies (p<0.001) and re‐revitrectomies (p=0.016) were lower in diabetics on simvastatin treatment.Conclusion These data provide novel insight into the potential clinical benefit for patients with sight‐threatening DR undergoing vitrectomy treated with simvastatin.
Pronostic factors and complications of vitrectomy in patients with advanced diabetic retinopathy
Authors: AJAMIL RODANES S , MANZANAS LEAL L , LÓPEZ GÁLVEZ MI 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study is to present the results of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with advanced disease and to identify preoperative risk factors and postoperative visual outcome.Methods The study was carried out at the University Hospital in Valladolid (Spain) with data from patients throughout two years.Results Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent posterior plas plana vitrectomy (PPV) during 2010‐2011 for non‐clearing vitreous haemorrhage (NCVH), tractional retinal detachment (TDR) or diabetic edema with vitreomacular traction (TME) and followed for at least 6 months.The primary outcome measure was the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at the end of the follow‐up period and its correlation with preoperative risk factors.The secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and the influence of the status of the external retina in the ocular coherence tomography (OCT). 58 patients underwent PPV for advanced retinal disease. NCVH was the most frequent surgical indication in 32 patients and 21 of them had gone through laser previously. Mean preoparative BCVA was 1.96 ± 1.13 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units and it improved.TDR was the indication in 10 patients. Only 50% of them had laser and all of them suffered from long term disease. There was not significant improvement in the BCVA and 3 patients developed neovascular glaucoma. IndConclusion Preoperative BCVA, long term disease, the lack of laser treatment and the external retina seem to be some of the most important risk factors in these patients.
Lens and visual development
Authors: LÖFGREN S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe visual development is dependent on a number of factors, such as eye media transparency, refraction, eye growth, environmental light input and visual image input. The lens plays an important role for the visual development. The lecture will cover lens growth and development, in connection to visual development in children. Form changing lens disease and light absorbing disease in or around the lens can be amblyogenic, although in many cases the situation can be resolved with refractive treatment or lens removal. Unfortunately the postoperative or treatment efficiency on visual development is not always perfect. Besides the above diseases there is also the question about indirect effects of aphakia or intraocular lens on eye and visual development. Further, some words on emmetropization related to lens structure and function. Pillar‐stone papers will be presented to serve as backbone for newer data.
Biocompatibility and functionality of a tissue‐engineered stroma transplanted in the living animal
Authors: BRUNETTE I , BOULZE PANKERT M , GOYER B , ZAGUIA F , BAREILLE M , PERRON MC , LIU X , DOUGLAS CAMERON J , PROULX S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCorneal tissue shortage has become a major concern worldwide, which has motivated the search for alternative solutions to eye bank human eyes for corneal transplantation. Biocompatibility and functionality of stromal lamellar grafts tissue‐engineered in vitro from corneal stromal cells using self‐assembly approach, without the addition of exogenous material or scaffold, and transplanted in vivo in the cornea of an experimental model open the way to a new therapeutic modality for the rehabilitation of diseased corneas.
KPro Biomaterials
Authors: AVADHANAM VS , INGLAVE G , SANDEMAN S , LIU CSC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResearch into keratoprosthessis(KPro) is at least 200 years old. In the early days, when corneal pathology was recognised as a specific cause for blindness, its treatment involved a replacement of the diseased cornea with artificial materials. Afterwards cadaveric corneal transplantation has proven to be more successful than prosthetic corneal substitutes. However, the need for keratoprostheses is still present. Scores of KPro devices have been proposed and many biomaterials have been investigated. Only 2 devices, the osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) and Boston type1 KPro, have proven to be viable in the longer term although complications do occur. A true artificial cornea in form and function is still a fantasy and may not be clinically feasible. Since corneal involvement can be secondary to ocular surface disease, a universal KPro that cures every type of corneal blindness may not be a pragmatic solution. Development of biomaterials may be tailored towards KPros designed specifically for different ocular pathology rather than towards a ‘one size fit for all’ device. Translation of laboratory work into clinical practice for KPro development will require better concordance between clinicians and scientists.
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy following selective intra‐arterial chemotherapy for unilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: DE FRANCESCO S , MENICACCI F , BORRI M , HADJISTILIANOU T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To describe anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) observed in a child treated with selective intra‐arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) for relapse in unilateral retinoblastoma.Methods Charts and retcam images of patient were reviewed, and procedures data were collected. The ophthalmoscopic features at diagnosis suggested for a malignant transformation of a retinoma/retinocytoma. Fluorangiographic and MRI findings were evaluated.Results AION spontaneously resolved within 4 weeks.Conclusion AION could be a possible transient side effect of repeated intra‐arterial chemotherapy.
Genetic analysis of an orbital metastasis from a primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: HEEGAARD S , VON HOLSTEIN S , PRAUSE J , STENMAN G 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To give an overview of neuroendocrine carcinoma metastases to the eye region.Methods Critical review of the present literature demonstrated by a patient case.Results A 71‐year‐old female with a known history of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, presented with a visual defect, proptosis and restricted eye movements of the right eye. Biopsies from the orbit and from the primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma showed similar morphological and immunohistochemical features and high‐resolution, array‐based comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated loss of one copy each of chromosomes 3 and 18, and gain of 1q both in the primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma and in the orbital tumour. The orbital mass was diagnosed as a metastasis from the primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.Conclusion Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumours are very rare, and the orbit is an extremely rare location for a neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasis. This is the first reported case of an orbital metastasis with origin from a primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Suspicious choroidal mass – an interdisciplinary challenge
Authors: GRAEFF E , GRIESHABER M , MEYER P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To highlight the importance of interdisciplinary work up based on a patient with presumed choroidal metastatic of unknown primary tumor.Methods Clinical‐pathological case report.Results A 57 year old woman was referred to our clinic because of a progressive vision loss in her right eye for seven days. Loss of vision field and light flashes followed 3 days later. General medical history was inconspicuous and last general check‐up including gynaecologic examination performed by general practitioner was apparently normal. At first presentation, a yellowish choroidal mass in the inferior part of fundus was found clinically. Further diagnostic exams like ultrasound, OCT, fluorescence angiography and MRI of the orbit were suspicious for a choroidal metastasis of unknown primary tumor. An immediate interdisciplinary work‐up with gynaecologists and oncologist was performed; histology of a punch biopsy of the left mammae confirmed the suspected finding of a multiple low differentiated invasive growing ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, metastasis of the lung and axillary lymph nodes were found. Because of the multiple metastases, a combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy was initiated.Conclusion Choroidal mass is indicative for metastasis which requires immediate interdisciplinary work‐up even in the absence of a positive medical history. Since biopsy of the choroidal mass should not be performed, the diagnosis was made by the biopsy of the primary tumor, showing a metastasized aggressive breast tumor. Thanks to efficient interdisciplinary work up, local and systemic therapy saved vision in her right eye and best palliative care was offered.
Brillouin spectroscopy and lens refilling
Authors: STACHS O 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe confocal Brillouin spectroscopy is an innovative measurement method that allows the non‐invasive determination of the rheological properties of materials. Its application in ophthalmology can offer the possibility to determine in‐vivo the biomechanical properties of transparent biological tissue such as the crystalline lens. This seems to be a promising approach concerning current presbyopia research. Due to the spatially resolved detection of the viscoelastic lens properties, a better understanding of the natural aging process of the lens and the influences of different lens opacities on the stiffness is expected. From the obtained spectral data the relative protein levels, the relative refractive index profile and the relative density profile within the lens tissue can be derived. A measurement set‐up for confocal Brillouin microscopy based on spectral analysis of spontaneous Brillouin scattering signals by using a high‐resolution dispersive device is presented. In‐vitro and in‐vivo test results on native and artificial lenses are presented and evaluated concerning their rheological significance.