bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Effects of Real-Time Feedback on Jump-Landing Kinematics
Authors: Ericksen Hayley M. , Thomas Abbey C. , Gribble Phillip A. , Doebel Sara C. , Pietrosimone Brian G. 
Published: January 2015

Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Objective To determine if the addition of real-time feedback (RTF) to postresponse feedback (PRF) improves jump-landing kinematics compared to PRF alone and a no-feedback control group. Background Injury-prevention programs to reduce risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury have shown promising results in altering jump-landing biomechanics. Real-time feedback provided during the task may allow participants to more easily understand and execute new movement strategies compared to PRF provided after the task is completed. Methods Thirty-six healthy females were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: RTF plus PRF, PRF, or control. Sagittal plane moments and angles at the knee and hip, frontal plane angles at the knee, and vertical ground reaction forces during a jump-landing task were quantified at baseline and postintervention. The RTF plus PRF and PRF groups received a PowerPoint presentation containing the goals of correct landing technique. In addition to the PowerPoint presentation, the RTF plus PRF group was provided real-time visualization of their frontal plane knee angle. Participants in the control group performed the jump-landing task without feedback. Results Posttraining, the RTF plus PRF and PRF groups demonstrated similar improvements in hip and knee flexion and decreased vertical ground reaction forces compared to the control group. There were no changes in frontal plane knee kinematics between groups posttraining. Conclusion The addition of RTF to PRF did not result in significant changes in jump-landing kinematics compared to PRF alone. Level of Evidence Prevention, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(2):112–118. Epub 1 Jan 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.4997
Temporal Expression of Growth Factors Triggered by Epiregulin Regulates Inflammation Development
Authors: Harada Masaya , Kamimura Daisuke , Arima Yasunobu , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Nakatsuji Yuji , Nishida Makoto , Atsumi Toru , Meng Jie , Bando Hidenori , Singh Rajeev , Sabharwal Lavannya , Jiang Jing-Jing , Kumai Noriko , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Sakoda Saburo , Yamauchi-Takihara Keiko , Ogura Hideki , Hirano Toshio , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between several growth factors and inflammation development. Serum concentrations of epiregulin, amphiregulin, betacellulin, TGF-α, fibroblast growth factor 2, placental growth factor (PLGF), and tenascin C were increased in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, local blockades of these growth factors suppressed the development of cytokine-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting chemokine and IL-6 expressions. We found that epiregulin expression was early and followed by the induction of other growth factors at different sites of the joints. The same growth factors then regulated the expression of epiregulin at later time points of the arthritis. These growth factors were increased in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and also played a role in the development of an MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The results suggest that the temporal expression of growth factors is involved in the inflammation development seen in several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and MS. Therefore, various growth factor pathways might be good therapeutic targets for various inflammatory diseases.
Sterile DJH Rearrangements Reveal that Distance Between Gene Segments on the Human Ig H Chain Locus Influences Their Ability To Rearrange
Authors: Hansen Tina Østergaard , Lange Anders Blaabjerg , Barington Torben 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Rearrangement of the Ig locus occurs in two steps. First, a JH gene is rearranged to a D gene followed by a VH gene rearranging to the DJH rearrangement. By next generation sequencing, we analyzed 9969 unique DJH rearrangements and 5919 unique VHDJH rearrangements obtained from peripheral blood B cells from 110 healthy adult donors. We found that DJH rearrangements and nonproductive VHDJH rearrangements share many features but differ significantly in their use of D genes and propensity for somatic hypermutation. In D to JH gene rearrangements, the D genes proximal to the JH locus are used more frequently than JH locus distal D genes, whereas VH locus proximal D genes were observed more frequently in nonproductive VHDJH rearrangements. We further demonstrate that the distance between VH, D, and JH gene segments influence their ability to rearrange within the human Ig locus.
The Human IL-23 Receptor rs11209026 A Allele Promotes the Expression of a Soluble IL-23R–Encoding mRNA Species
Authors: Yu Raymond Y. , Brazaitis Jonathan , Gallagher Grant 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The human IL23R gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs11209026 A allele confers protection against inflammatory diseases. However, although this difference has been associated with reductions in IL-23–induced IL-17A production and STAT3 phosphorylation, the molecular mechanism underlying these changes remains undefined. Th17 cell maturation depends on IL-23 signaling. Multiple splice forms of the human IL23R transcript exist, and one, Δ9, encodes a soluble form of the receptor. In this study, we asked whether this protective allele was associated with mRNA splicing. Using mini-gene constructs and competitive oligonucleotide binding, we showed that the A allele alters IL-23R α-chain mRNA splicing and favors exon 9 skipping by reducing the binding of the splicing enhancer SF2. This enhances expression of the Δ9 mRNA and consequently diminishes IL-23 signaling. Thus, the presence of the A allele increases expression of the soluble form of IL23R mRNA (which then functions as a decoy receptor) and lowers the ability to develop a Th17 phenotype upon IL-23 stimulation. We further showed that antisense oligonucleotides targeting the SF2 binding site could efficiently induce exon 9 skipping in the presence of the G allele, and thereby replicate the effect of the A allele. Antisense oligonucleotide treatment caused dose-responsive induction of the IL23RΔ9 mRNA and interfered with in vitro differentiation of human Th17 cells, reducing their expression of the signature Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F. This may represent a novel approach to therapy of Th17-mediated diseases by elevating soluble IL-23R while simultaneously reducing the remaining cell surface receptor density.
Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2, a Novel Autoimmune Regulator Interaction Partner, Modulates Promiscuous Gene Expression in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Rattay Kristin , Claude Janine , Rezavandy Esmail , Matt Sonja , Hofmann Thomas G. , Kyewski Bruno , Derbinski Jens 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Promiscuous expression of a plethora of tissue-restricted Ags (TRAs) by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) plays an essential role in T cell tolerance. Although the cellular mechanisms by which promiscuous gene expression (pGE) imposes T cell tolerance have been well characterized, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is to date the only validated molecule known to regulate pGE. AIRE is part of higher-order multiprotein complexes, which promote transcription, elongation, and splicing of a wide range of target genes. How AIRE and its partners mediate these various effects at the molecular level is still largely unclear. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we searched for novel AIRE-interacting proteins and identified the homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) as a novel partner. HIPK2 partially colocalized with AIRE in nuclear bodies upon cotransfection and in human mTECs in situ. Moreover, HIPK2 phosphorylated AIRE in vitro and suppressed the coactivator activity of AIRE in a kinase-dependent manner. To evaluate the role of Hipk2 in modulating the function of AIRE in vivo, we compared whole-genome gene signatures of purified mTEC subsets from TEC-specific Hipk2 knockout mice with control mice and identified a small set of differentially expressed genes. Unexpectedly, most differentially expressed genes were confined to the CD80lo mTEC subset and preferentially included AIRE-independent TRAs. Thus, although it modulates gene expression in mTECs and in addition affects the size of the medullary compartment, TEC-specific HIPK2 deletion only mildly affects AIRE-directed pGE in vivo.
Folate content in faba beans (Vicia faba L.)—effects of cultivar, maturity stage, industrial processing, and bioprocessing
Authors: Hefni Mohammed E. , Shalaby Mohamed T. , Witthöft Cornelia M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFaba beans are an important source of folate and commonly consumed in Egypt. This study examined the effects of Egyptian industrial food processing (e.g., canning and freezing), germination, cultivar, and maturity stages on folate content, with the aim to develop a candidate functional canned faba bean food with increased folate content. The folate content in four cultivars of green faba beans ranged from 110 to 130 μg 100 g−1 fresh weight (535–620 μg 100 g−1 dry matter [DM]), which was four‐ to sixfold higher than in dried seeds. Industrial canning of dried seeds resulted in significant folate losses of ~20% (P = 0.004), while industrial freezing had no effect. Germination of faba beans increased the folate content by >40% (P < 0.0001). A novel industrial canning process involving pregermination of dried faba beans resulted in a net folate content of 194 μg 100 g−1 DM, which is 52% more than in conventional canned beans. The consumption of green faba beans should be recommended, providing ~120 μg dietary folate equivalents per 100 g/portion.
Imaging local electric fields produced upon synchrotron X-ray exposure
Authors: Dettmar Christopher M. , Newman Justin A. , Toth Scott J. , Becker Michael , Fischetti Robert F. , Simpson Garth J. 
Published: January 2015

Significance
Exposure to high-energy X-rays, experienced during X-ray diffraction experiments for determining atomic structures, can potentially create large local electric fields from photoelectron ejection. Under cryogenic conditions, these fields may persist indefinitely. Mapping of electric fields is important for a complete understanding of damage mechanisms involved in X-ray measurements, for potential effects on the quality and interpretation of X-ray data, and for possible direct impact on diffraction resolution through the piezoelectric effect. Mapping of electric fields may also be useful in retaining a record of locations of X-ray exposure. In this paper, electric-field induced second harmonic generation imaging is explored in simulation and experiment. It provides insight into the position and distribution of local electric fields within an X-ray exposed sample.
Association of Uric Acid With Vascular Stiffness in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Mehta Tapan , Nuccio Eugene , McFann Kim , Madero Magdalena , Sarnak Mark J. , Jalal Diana 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND
Uric acid is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension or stroke. It remains unknown if uric acid is associated with arterial stiffness in the general population.

METHODS
We analyzed the association between serum uric acid levels and measures of arterial stiffness such as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF PWV), carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (CR PWV) and augmentation index (AI) in 4,140 participants from the Generation 3 Framingham cohort using linear regression.

RESULTS
Mean (SD) age was 40.0 (8.8) years and mean (SD) serum uric acid levels were 5.3 (1.5) mg/dl. Mean (SD) CF PWV was 7.0 (1.4) m/s. Individuals in the highest quartile of uric acid were more likely to be male, have a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher BMI, fasting glucose and insulin, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariate adjusted means of CF PWV were 6.90, 6.94, 7.06, and 7.15 m/s for uric acid quartile 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. In unadjusted analysis each 1mg/dl increase in uric acid was associated with higher CF-PWV (β = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.29; P &lt; 0.0001). This was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, animal protein intake, and eGFR (β= 0.06; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.09; P &lt; 0.0007). There was no association between serum uric acid levels and AI upon adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum uric acid levels are significantly associated with CF PWV and CR PWV in a younger Caucasian population.
Separate universe simulations
Authors: Wagner Christian , Schmidt Fabian , Chiang Chi-Ting , Komatsu Eiichiro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The large-scale statistics of observables such as the galaxy density are chiefly determined by their dependence on the local coarse-grained matter density. This dependence can be measured directly and efficiently in N-body simulations by using the fact that a uniform density perturbation with respect to some fiducial background cosmology is equivalent to modifying the background and including curvature, i.e. by simulating a ‘separate universe’. We derive this mapping to fully non-linear order, and provide a step-by-step description of how to perform and analyse the separate universe simulations. This technique can be applied to a wide range of observables. As an example, we calculate the response of the non-linear matter power spectrum to long-wavelength density perturbations, which corresponds to the angle-averaged squeezed limit of the matter bispectrum and higher n-point functions. Using only a modest simulation volume, we obtain simulation results for the bispectrum and trispectrum with per cent-level precision over a wide range of scales.
Maximum speed of hypervelocity stars ejected from binaries
Authors: Tauris Thomas M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The recent detection of hypervelocity stars (HVSs) as late-type B-stars and HVS candidate G/K dwarfs raises the important question of their origin. In this Letter, we investigate the maximum possible velocities of such HVSs if they are produced from binaries which are disrupted via an asymmetric supernova explosion. We find that HVSs up to ∼770 and ∼1280 km s−1 are possible in the Galactic rest frame from this scenario for these two subclasses of HVSs, respectively. We conclude that whereas a binary origin cannot easily explain all of the observed velocities of B-type HVSs (in agreement with their proposed central massive black hole origin) it can indeed account for the far majority (if not all) of the recently detected G/K-dwarf HVS candidates.
Astrometry of Galactic star-forming regions G48.99−0.30 and G49.19−0.34 with VERA: Astrometric accuracy verification of VERA
Authors: Nagayama Takumi , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Omodaka Toshihiro , Murata Yasuhiro , Burns Ross A. , Honma Mareki , Kurayama Tomoharu , Nakagawa Akiharu , Oyama Tomoaki , Tamura Yoshiaki , Sato Katsuhisa 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We conducted astrometry of H2O masers in Galactic star-forming regions G48.99−0.30 and G49.19−0.34 with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The observational results yield the parallaxes of G48.99−0.30 and G49.19−0.34 to be 0.178 ± 0.017 mas ($5.62^{+0.59}_{-0.49}\:$kpc) and 0.211 ± 0.016 mas ($4.74^{+0.39}_{-0.33}\:$kpc), respectively. We discuss in detail the sources of astrometric errors based on the observations of the two sources. The positional systemic errors in RA and Dec of (23, 31) μas for G49.19−0.34 are dominated by a tropospheric contribution from the Earth's atmosphere. Those of (23, 53) μas for G48.99−0.30 are attributed to a tropospheric contribution and a maser structure effect. The formal positional error from thermal noise is significantly smaller than these systemic positional errors. VERA phase-referencing observations could achieve a positional accuracy of a few tens of μas in both RA and Dec directions for point-like and bright sources at high elevation.
Witness of gas infall and outflow in the young starburst dwarf galaxy NGC 5253
Authors: Miura Rie E. , Espada Daniel , Sugai Hajime , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Hirota Akihiko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We present 12CO(2–1) observations towards the dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 using the Submillimeter Array. The data shows that a large amount of molecular gas is located in the central ∼ 200 pc starburst region, physically associated with two young super stellar clusters (SSCs). The molecular gas traced by 12CO(2–1) is elongated along the minor axis (dust lane) of the galaxy and its kinematics suggest that there is an inflow of molecular gas to the direction of the central SSCs, as is also observed in H i gas at a larger scale. Due to their correlation in spatial and velocity domains, the central SSCs were likely formed from molecular gas in the nucleus. We compare the 12CO(2–1) with available H2 1–0 S(1) data, and show that while the relatively cold gas traced by 12CO(2–1) is distributed around the central starburst region but also along the dust lane, the warm gas traced by H2 1–0 S(1) is associated with the central H ii region and other star-forming regions. Interestingly, a cavity in the H2 1–0 S(1) emission is found to be spatially correlated with a Hα shell. This Hα shell may trace a bipolar outflow from the central SSCs and the H2 1–0 S(1) gas, the gas shocked by the outflow encountering the surrounding quiescent gas. We calculate a molecular gas inflow rate of ∼ 2 M⊙ yr−1, a star formation rate of 0.3–0.5 M⊙ yr−1, and an ionized gas outflow being emitted from the SSCs with a rate of (5–25)× 10−3 f M⊙ yr−1, where f is a volume filling factor.
Implementing Information Science in Policing: Mapping the Evidence Base
Authors: Bowers Kate , Tompson Lisa , Johnson Shane D. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In many disciplines, there is a wealth of primary evaluation research on what works, and systematic reviews that synthesize that evidence. This is, of course, extremely positive. However, the sheer scale of the information and the way in which it is indexed and presented can mean that it is difficult for practitioners to locate the best available evidence. For this reason, in health, education, and other disciplines, using techniques from information science, researchers have systematically assembled databases such as those hosted on healthevidence.org and educationendowmentfoundation.org which bring together the most reliable evidence. Hitherto, no such database has existed for crime and criminal justice interventions. This article sets out some of challenges and early findings of one exercise which aims to produce such a database, being completed as part of the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction initiative in collaboration with the College of Policing.
Thenaked endospermGenes Encode Duplicate INDETERMINATE Domain Transcription Factors Required for Maize Endosperm Cell Patterning and Differentiation
Authors: Yi Gibum , Neelakandan Anjanasree K. , Gontarek Bryan C. , Vollbrecht Erik , Becraft Philip W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aleurone is the outermost layer of cereal endosperm and functions to digest storage products accumulated in starchy endosperm cells as well as to confer important dietary health benefits. Whereas normal maize (Zea mays [Zm]) has a single aleurone layer, naked endosperm (nkd) mutants produce multiple outer cell layers of partially differentiated cells that show sporadic expression of aleurone identity markers such as a viviparous1 promoter -β-glucuronidase transgene. The 15:1 F2 segregation ratio suggested that two recessive genes were involved, and map-based cloning identified two homologous genes in duplicated regions of the genome. The nkd1 and nkd2 genes encode the INDETERMINATE1 domain (IDD) containing transcription factors ZmIDDveg9 and ZmIDD9 on chromosomes 2 and 10, respectively. Independent mutant alleles of nkd1 and nkd2, as well as nkd2-RNA interference lines in which both nkd genes were knocked down, also showed the nkd mutant phenotype, confirming the gene identities. In wild-type kernels, the nkd transcripts were most abundant around 11 to 16 d after pollination. The NKD proteins have putative nuclear localization signals, and green fluorescent protein fusion proteins showed nuclear localization. The mutant phenotype and gene identities suggest that NKD controls a gene regulatory network involved in aleurone cell fate specification and cell differentiation.
Simulation‐based Training for Emergency Medicine Residents in Sterile Technique During Central Venous Catheterization: Impact on Performance, Policy, and Outcomes
Authors: Hoskote Sumedh S. , Khouli Hassan , Lanoix Richard , Rose Keith , Aqeel Adnan , Clark Mark , Chalfin Donald , Shapiro Janet , Han Qifa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesCentral line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a preventable nosocomial infection. Simulation‐based training in sterile technique during central venous catheter (CVC) placement for emergency medicine (EM) residents, and its effect on changing the medical intensive care unit (MICU) practice of routine replacement of CVCs placed under sterile technique in the emergency department (ED), has not been evaluated.MethodsEmergency medicine residents received simulation‐based sterile technique training during CVC placement between May 2008 and September 2010. Between June 2008 and January 2011, the authors reviewed records of patients who had CVCs placed in the ED under sterile technique by EM residents and were admitted to the MICU (group 1) and CVCs placed in the MICU under sterile technique by internal medicine (IM) residents (group 2). IM residents completed similar simulation‐based training before May 2008. Changes in EM residents' sterile technique performance scores were compared, as well as CLABSI rates in both groups. EM residents' CVC procedural skills were not assessed.ResultsSeventy‐six EM residents completed simulation‐based training with significant improvement in performance (median scores 13 out of 24 before training, 24 out of 24 after training; p < 0.001). CLABSI rates per 1,000 catheter‐days were 1.02 in group 1 and 1.02 in group 2 (p = 0.99). Both groups had similar demographics, acuity, and mortality (p > 0.5).ConclusionsRoutine replacement of CVCs placed in the ED under sterile technique after simulation‐based training would appear to be unnecessary. These findings demonstrate patient‐centered outcomes that are comparable for CVCs in ED‐admitted MICU patients, regardless of whether the CVC was placed in the ED or MICU.
Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions
Authors: Tomasetti Cristian , Vogelstein Bert 
Published: January 2015

Crunching the numbers to explain cancer
Why do some tissues give rise to cancer in humans a million times more frequently than others? Tomasetti and Vogelstein conclude that these differences can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. By plotting the lifetime incidence of various cancers against the estimated number of normal stem cell divisions in the corresponding tissues over a lifetime, they found a strong correlation extending over five orders of magnitude. This suggests that random errors occurring during DNA replication in normal stem cells are a major contributing factor in cancer development. Remarkably, this “bad luck” component explains a far greater number of cancers than do hereditary and environmental factors.

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