bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐order continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave problems
Authors: Giorgiani Giorgio , Modesto David , Fernández‐Méndez Sonia , Huerta Antonio 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThree Galerkin methods—continuous Galerkin, Compact Discontinuous Galerkin, and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin—are compared in terms of performance and computational efficiency in 2‐D scattering problems for low and high‐order polynomial approximations. The total number of DOFs and the total runtime are used for this correlation as well as the corresponding precision. The comparison is carried out through various numerical examples. The superior performance of high‐order elements is shown. At the same time, similar capabilities are shown for continuous Galerkin and hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin, when high‐order elements are adopted, both of them clearly outperforming compact discontinuous Galerkin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are the most problematic? Variability by prevalence, intensity, distress ratings, and associations with caregiver depressive symptoms
Authors: Fauth E. B. , Gibbons A. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) impact well‐being for persons with dementia (PWD) and caregivers. Identifying the most problematic symptoms is vital in targeting interventions and allocating resources. The current study highlights inconsistencies in the “most problematic” symptoms when identified via prevalence, intensity, caregiver distress, or associations with caregiver depressive symptoms.MethodsCaregivers (N = 177) were mostly female (77%) and spouses of PWD (73%), with average age of 66.7 years (SD = 16.1). They reported BPSD frequency and distress via the Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (RMBPC) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and their own depressive symptoms via the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). BPSD were ranked by prevalence, average frequency, and average distress ratings. RMBPC subscales were correlated with GDS, and discriminant function analyses used NPI symptoms to discriminate between caregivers' normal (range 0–9) or elevated (10+) GDS.ResultsMost prevalent NPI symptoms were Apathy, Depression, and Agitation. Most intense (frequency × severity) were Appetite, Motor behaviors, and Apathy, and most distressing were Delusions, Agitation, and Irritability. For RMBPC, Memory was most frequent but least distressing, whereas Disruptive was least frequent but most distressing. RMBPC frequency and distress subscales were significantly associated with caregiver GDS. Discriminant function analyses were statistically significant (Lambda = 0.822; χ2(12) = 30.62; p = 0.002. Canonical correlation = 0.442); NPI symptoms correctly classified caregivers GDS status 72% of the time.ConclusionsSymptoms revealed as “most problematic” varied by measurement criterion. Common or frequent symptoms are not necessarily the most distressing or most predictive of caregiver depression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐Iodosuccinimide: A Highly Effective Regioselective Reagent for Iodoesterification of Alkenes
Authors: Reddy Aleti R. , Sangwan Payare L. , Chinthakindi Praveen K. , Farooq Saleem , Siddaiah Vidavalur , Koul Surrinder 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA rapid, convenient, and efficient method has been achieved for regioselective iodoesterification of alkenes with aliphatic and aromatic acids, and protected amino acids in the presence of N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) in nearly quantitative yields. Optically enriched iodohydrins have been achieved by LiAlH4 (LAH) reduction of diastereoisomeric iodo esters.
Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in CaprolactamQuaternary Ammonium Salt Coordination Ionic Liquid Catalyzed by L‐Pro‐L‐Trp
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Hua , He Jing‐Yu , Liu Si‐Jie , Shi Lan‐Xiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA direct asymmetric aldol reaction of aldehydes and acetone catalyzed by L‐Pro‐L‐Trp was performed in β‐caprolactamquaternary ammonium salt coordination ionic liquid media in the presence of N‐methylmorpholine (NMM) in high yield and with good enantioselectivity. The approach has the advantages of simple product isolation, and reusable catalyst and coordination ion liquids.
Synthesis of [3,3′(4H,4′H)‐Bi‐2H‐1,3‐oxazine]‐4,4′‐diones and Their Hydrolysis
Authors: Korkusuz Elif , Yıldırım İsmail 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe [3,3′(4H,4′H)‐bi‐2H‐1,3‐oxazine]‐4,4′‐diones 3a–3i were obtained by [2+4] cycloaddition reactions of furan‐2,3‐diones 1a–1c with aromatic aldazines 2a–2d (Scheme 1). So, new derivatives of bi‐2H‐1,3‐oxazines and their hydrolysis products, 3,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazoles 4a–4c (Scheme 3), which are potential biologically active compounds, were synthesized for the first time.
Homoisoflavonoids from Ophiopogon japonicus
Authors: Zhou Chang‐Xin , Zou Li , Mo Jian‐Xia , Wang Xue‐Yao , Yang Bo , He Qiao‐Jun , Gan Li‐She 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhytochemical study on the root tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus resulted in the isolation and identification of 13 homoisoflavonoids, including three new compounds, 8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐5,4′‐dimethoxy‐6‐methylhomoisoflavone (1), 6‐formylisoophiopogonone B (2), and 8‐formylophiopogonanone B (4), and the ten known homoisoflavonoids 3, and 5–13. The absolute configurations of 8‐formylophiopogonanone B (4) and 8‐formyl‐7‐hydroxy‐5,4′‐dimethoxy‐6‐methylhomoisoflavanone (5) were confirmed by time‐dependent density‐functional‐theory (TD DFT) calculations of their theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The structure of the formerly reported ‘6‐aldehydoisoophiopogonone B’ was revised to 8‐formylophiopogonone B (3). All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human‐lung‐tumor A549 cell line, and compounds 3, 9, 10, and 13 exhibited promising antiproliferative activities with IC50 values of 10.01, 6.40, 0.84, and 1.66 μM, respectively.
Two New Lignans from Phryma leptostachya L.
Authors: Chen Chunmei , Zhu Hucheng , Zhao De , Deng Jun , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHaedoxancoside A (1), a new sesquilignan glycoside, and phrymarolin V (2), a new lignan, together with two known compounds, were isolated from Phryma leptostachya L. Their structures were determined on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, mainly 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. This is the first report of a sesquilignan glycoside isolated from a species of the Phrymaceae family.
Pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for prediction of analgesic efficacy in a rat model of sub‐chronic knee joint inflammation
Authors: Rutten K. , Robens A. , Read S.J. , Christoph T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundBurrowing is an evolutionarily conserved behaviour in rodents. This study validates a refined burrowing paradigm (requiring a reduced number of animals) in a rat model of sub‐chronic knee joint inflammation and evaluates its sensitivity and specificity for analgesic drugs.MethodsKnee joint inflammation in rats was induced by intra‐articular injection with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Burrowing performance was assessed at baseline without study drugs, and in CFA‐naive and CFA‐injected animals following administration of the analgesic drugs naproxen, pregabalin and morphine, each at three doses, or corresponding vehicle (nine rats per dose group). The specificity of the model was evaluated by also testing the anxiogenic drug yohimbine, the stimulant drug dexamphetamine and the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide in CFA‐naive and CFA‐injected animals. Percentage maximum possible effect (%MPE) was determined by relating the difference between post‐CFA and baseline burrowing performance in each drug dose group to that in the vehicle group in each experiment.ResultsBurrowing performance in the vehicle groups was decreased by 39.0–59.8% in CFA‐injected animals compared with CFA‐naive animals. CFA‐induced reductions in burrowing performance were reversed by each of the three analgesic drugs tested. The highest %MPE was 75.2% with naproxen 50 mg/kg, 80.9% with pregabalin 10 mg/kg and 77.0% with morphine 1 mg/kg (all p < 0.05 vs. control). CFA‐induced reductions in burrowing performance were not reversed by yohimbine, dexamphetamine or chlordiazepoxide.ConclusionsThis study provides pharmacological validation of a refined burrowing paradigm for analgesic efficacy that exhibits good predictive validity, with high sensitivity and specificity.
A Novel Immunoassay for the Quantization of CYFRA 21–1 in Human Serum
Authors: He An , Liu Tian‐Cai , Dong Zhi‐Ning , Ren Zhi‐Qi , Hou Jing‐Yuan , Li Ming , Wu Ying‐Song 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCytokeratin 19 fragment antigen (CYFRA 21–1) is used to diagnose and monitor neoplasms. However, the main disadvantages of the currently available CYFRA 21–1 assays include heterogenous technology, being time‐consuming, and having low through‐put with low insensitivity. This study investigated the use of amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous immunoassay (AlphaLISA) for the quantization of CYFRA 21–1 in human serum.MethodsThe AlphaLISA kit was developed based on AlphaScreen detection technology with two different anti‐CYFRA 21–1 monoclonal antibodies. One was coated on AlphaLISA acceptor beads and the other was biotinylated. Donor beads were coated with streptavidin. The test conditions were optimized and analytical performance was studied.ResultsThe measurement range of AlphaLISA CYFRA 21–1 kit was 0.08–500 ng/ml. Assay detection limit was 0.08 ng/ml. The intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation were 3.00–9.00% and 4.00–10.00%, respectively. There was no cross‐reaction to alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19–9), cytokeratins 8 (CK8), and cytokeratins 18 (CK18). The correlation coefficient of blood samples involved was 0.974 between CYFRA 21–1‐AlphaLISA assay and a commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) CYFRA 21–1 kit (Roche).ConclusionsThe AlphaLISA CYFRA 21–1 kit developed in this study had favorable performance characteristics for clinical application with acceptable analytical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Mathematical Equations to Calculate True Mycophenolic Acid Concentration in Human Plasma by Using Two Immunoassays With Different Cross‐Reactivities With Acyl Glucuronide Metabolite: Comparison of Calculated Values With Values Obtained by Using an HPLC‐UV Method
Authors: Dasgupta Amitava , Johnson Myrtle , Tso Gertie 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundBoth immunoassays and chromatographic methods are available for therapeutic drug monitoring of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Although chromatographic methods are more precise, immunoassays are widely used in clinical laboratories due to ease of adopting such assays on automated analyzers. We studied the possibility of using mathematical equations to calculate true MPA concentration by accounting for acyl glucuronide cross‐reactivities with immunoassays by using two immunoassays with widely different cross‐reactivities with the metabolite.MethodsWe determined MPA concentrations in 20 specimens obtained from transplant recipients using cloned enzyme donor immunoassay (CEDIA) assay and a new particle enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PETINIA) assay. Then we developed mathematical equations to calculate true MPA concentration using values obtained by both immunoassays and reported cross‐reactivity of acyl glucuronide with respective immunoassays. Calculated concentrations were compared with values obtained by using a high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV) method.ResultsWe obtained good correlation between calculated MPA concentrations and corresponding MPA level obtained by using HPLC‐UV method. Using x‐axis as the MPA concentrations determined by the HPLC‐UV method and y‐axis as the calculated MPA level, we observed the following regression equation: y = 1.083x ‒ 0.0995 (r = 0.99, n = 20).ConclusionsMathematical equations can be used to calculate true MPA concentrations using two immunoassays with different cross‐reactivities with acyl glucuronide metabolite.
Comparison of Fully Automated Urine Sediment Analyzers H800‐FUS100 and Labumat‐Urised with Manual Microscopy
Authors: Yüksel Hatice , Kiliç Elif , Ekinci Aysun , Evliyaoğlu Osman 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundRecent technical developments have focused on the full automation of urinalyses, however the manual microscopic analysis of urine sediment is considered the reference method. The aim of this study was to compare the performances of the LabUMat‐UriSed and the H800‐FUS100 with manual microscopy, and with each other.MethodsThe urine sediments of 332 urine samples were examined by these two devices (LabUMat‐UriSed, H800‐FUS100) and manual microscopy.ResultsThe reproducibility of the analyzers, UriSed and Fus100 (4.1–28.5% and 4.7–21.2%, respectively), was better than that with manual microscopy (8.5–33.3%). The UriSed was more sensitive for leukocytes (82%), while the Fus‐100 was more sensitive for erythrocyte cell counting (73%). There were moderate correlations between manual microscopy and the two devices, UriSed and Fus100, for erythrocyte (r = 0.496 and 0.498, respectively) and leukocyte (r = 0.597 and 0.599, respectively) cell counting however the correlation between the two devices was much better for erythrocyte (r = 0.643) and for leukocyte (r = 0.767) cell counting.ConclusionIt can be concluded that these two devices showed similar performances. They were time‐saving and standardized techniques, especially for reducing preanalytical errors such as the study time, centrifugation, and specimen volume for sedimentary analysis; however, the automated systems are still inadequate for classifying the cells that are present in pathological urine specimens.
The Relationship Between Serum Fetuin‐A, Cystatin‐C Levels, and Microalbuminuria in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Huddam Bülent , Azak Alper , Koçak Gülay , Bayraktar Nilüfer , Sezer Siren 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, is a group of metabolic disorders in which insulin resistance plays a pivotal role. The MS is an important risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Fetuin‐A is a liver derived blood protein that acts as effective inhibitor of soft tissue calcification. Cystatin C is a useful marker in measuring glomerular filtration rate. Moreover, recently it has been suggested that cystatin C may be a potential biomarker for detecting microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria (MA) is a strong indicator of morbidity related to cardiovascular disorders, and is currently considered a novel diagnostic criterion for MS. It has been also demonstrated that the increased serum fetuin‐A levels is associated with several parameters of MS. In this study, we attempted to investigate the relationship between serum fetuin‐A, cystatin‐C levels and microalbuminuria in patients with MS.MethodsA total of 50 patients with MS and 25 control were included in this study. We defined MS by the NCEP criteria among nondiabetic outpatients. Patients with MS were further divided into two groups based on MA status. Overall 25 of the participants with MS did not have MA (group I), while the remaining 25 had MA (group II). None of the subjects in the healthy control group (group III) had laboratory findings supporting the presence of MA. The serum fetuin‐A and cystatin‐C levels were measured using ELISA.ResultsAge, distributions of sex, BP and LDL cholesterol levels were similar among all groups. BMI, Waist/hip ratio, FBG, HOMA‐IR, total cholesterol, trigliserid, CRP levels were significantly higher in group I and group II compared to control. In group II, the cystatin‐C and fetuin levels were higher than control. While the cystatin‐C levels were higher in group II compared to group I, the fetuin levels did not different. Morever, the fetuin A and cystatin‐C concentrations were positively correlated with microalbuminuria (r = 0.26, p = 0.02; r = 0.50, p = 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionIn our study, we found that MS patients with microalbuminuria had high levels of fetuin‐A and cystatin‐C. In conclusion, we suggest that determination of fetuin‐A and cystatin C levels could be useful marker as an early indicator of renal injury in patients with MS.
Reduced Plasma Citrulline Levels in Low Birth Weight Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Celik Istemi Han , Demirel Gamze , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Dilmen Ugur 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCitrulline, a nonprotein amino acid, is an intermediate of the urea cycle and synthesized in small intestine. Lower plasma citrulline levels were associated with reduced function of enterocytes. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) causes high morbidity and mortality, and leads impaired intestinal functions.MethodsPlasma citrulline levels of neonates with a gestational age <32 weeks and ≤1,500 gm who developed NEC stage II/III were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsWe enrolled 36 preterm infants including 20 with NEC and 16 controls. Median citrulline levels of NEC and control groups were 8.6 and 20.18 μmol/l (P < 0.05), and cut off level of citrulline was 13.15 μmol/l with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 82%. Median arginine levels of NEC and control groups were 22.02 and 39.89 μmol/l (P < 0.05), and cut off level of arginine was 28.52 μmol/l with a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 75%. Blood sampling day, gender, parenteral, and enteral nutrition did not affect the amino acid levels.ConclusionWe found lower plasma citrulline and arginine levels in preterm infants with NEC. Further studies are needed to determine most appropriate levels to predict recovery and prognosis of NEC, and treatment options with these amino acids in preterm infants.
Usefulness of HPLC Assay for Early Detection of Microalbuminuria in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Horikoshi Satoshi , Okuda Masumi , Nishimura Emi , Ohsawa Isao , Suzuki Yusuke , Shimizu Yoshio , Hamada Chieko , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundSince the degree and increase of albuminuria predict cardiovascular and renal diseases even within the range of normoalbuminuria. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay has been reported as a useful tool for earlier detection of microalbuminuria than turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA) in diabetes but has not been evaluated for other common diseases that caused chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe measured albumin in spot urine by TIA and HPLC assay in 119 patients with diabetes, hypertension, IgA nephropathy in complete remission, or autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease whose dipstick screening tests were negative.ResultsThere were significant correlations (r = 0.946) between TIA and HPLC assay, and the ratios of urine albumin/creatinine (ACR) measured by HPLC assay were always higher than those measured by TIA. The value of microalbuminuria was highest in IgA nephropathy patients, and higher in diabetic patients with hypertension than in those without hypertension. Fifty‐one patients were classified as having normoalbuminuria and 42 as having microalbuminuria by both TIA and HPLC assay. However, 26 patients (21.8%) were classified having as normoalbuminuria by TIA but microalbumnuria by HPLC assay. Three of these patients were reclassified as microalbuminuria by both assays within 1 year.ConclusionThese results suggest that ACR measurements by HPLC assay are better than TIA for early detection and monitoring of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes and hypertension.
Personality Pathology Factors Predict Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in Emerging Adults
Authors: Sheets Erin S. , Duncan Laramie E. , Bjornsson Andri S. , Craighead Linda W. , Craighead W. Edward 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivePrior investigations consistently indicate that personality pathology is a risk factor for recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD). Lack of emipircal support, however, for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Fourth Edition organization of Axis II disorders supports the investigation of empirically derived factors of personality pathology as predictors of recurrence.MethodA sample of 130 previously depressed emerging adults (80% female; aged 18 to 21 years) were assessed for personality disorder symptoms at baseline. Participants were then followed for 18 months to identify MDD recurrence during the first 2 years of college.ResultsBased on a previous factor analysis of DSM personality disorder criteria, eight personality pathology factors were examined as predictors of MDD recurrence. Survival analysis indicated that factors of interpersonal hypersensitivity, antisocial conduct, and social anxiety were associated with increased risk of MDD recurrence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that an empirically based approach to personality pathology organization may yield useful predictors of MDD recurrence during emerging adulthood.
Enhanced transgene expression in mammalian cells by recombinant baculovirus vector containing bovine papillomavirus type 1 replication elements
Authors: Li Binbin , Yu Changwei , Yin Juan , Zhong Jiang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus has been widely explored as a transgene expression vector. Further improvement of the expression of the transgene is important for its application.MethodsBovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV‐1) cis‐element upstream regulatory region (URR) and trans‐elements E1, E2, were inserted into the baculovirus genome. The expression of reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP), and the persistence of viral genome was compared in several mammalian cell lines after virus transduction. The cytotoxicity of the recombinant viruses was also evaluated.ResultsThe recombinant baculovirus containing URR and E1, E2 genes showed significantly increased expression of EGFP in all cell lines tested, including HEK293, HeLa, BHK‐21, CNE, CHO and MDCK cells. In HEK293 cells, the total production of EGFP was approximately five‐fold higher than the control. The genome of virus with BPV‐1 elements also persisted better than the control virus during the first few days post transduction. No obvious cytotoxicity was observed.ConclusionsThe coexistence of BPV‐1 URR and E1, E2 was essential and sufficient to improve the performance of baculovirus with respect to mediating gene expression in various mammalian cells without major cytotoxicity. The results obtained in the present study facilitate the application of baculovirus as an efficient transgene vehicle for protein production and gene delivery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.