bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Licit Narcotics Production in Australia: Legal Geographies Nomospheric and Topological
Authors: WILLIAMS STEWART 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLicit narcotics production in Australia is based on the cultivation of a poppy crop restricted to Tasmania under local, national, and international regulation. Its legal geographical analysis is advanced by drawing on the thinking about ‘the nomosphere’ and ‘topology’ developed by David Delaney and John Allen, respectively. Australia continues to lead global production of licit narcotics as distinct new entities, relationships, and capacities have been enabled by differentiating between the constituent alkaloids morphine and thebaine with a loophole identified in US legislation of the 80/20 rule. Nomospheric and topological lenses are used to focus on the intensive, emergent qualities of the industry in addition to the traditional topography revealed in its scalar, networked territorialisation. A renewed understanding of the spatial workings and power plays relevant can inform possible transformation around narcotics production.
Correlation between visual acuity and interface reflectivity measured by pentacam following DSAEK
Authors: Heinzelmann Sonja , Böhringer Daniel , Maier Philip C. , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is an advanced method of lamellar endothelial keratoplasty. In comparison with penetrating keratoplasty, visual rehabilitation seems to be faster. Final visual outcome of DSAEK, however, seems to be limited, especially in comparison with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). DSAEK cases without graft failure often do not show any definite correlate for the reduced optical performance. In this study, we tried to correlate visual acuity following DSAEK with interface reflectivity as measured by a rotating Scheimpflug system.Methods:  We examined 14 eyes of 13 patients with the pentacam for 2–11 months following DSAEK. Reflectivity of the interface region in the centre of the optical axis as well as central corneal thickness was determined. Statistical correlation between interface reflectivity and best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness and follow‐up time was drawn (multifactorial linear regression analysis).Results:  Statistically significant correlation between interface reflectivity and BSCVA as well as follow‐up time was found. Reflectivity was highest in regions of interface (metal) particles. There was no statistically significant correlation between interface reflectivity and central corneal thickness.Conclusion:  We present a measurable correlate for reduced visual outcome following DSAEK despite a clear graft. Inverse correlation between interface reflectivity and best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) indicates that irregularities or scarring in the interface region may influence the optical quality following DSAEK.
Survival of multiple myeloma patients in the era of novel therapies confirms the improvement in patients younger than 75 years: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Pozzi Samantha , Marcheselli Luigi , Bari Alessia , Liardo Eliana V. , Marcheselli Raffaella , Luminari Stefano , Quaresima Micol , Cirilli Claudia , Ferri Paola , Federico Massimo , Sacchi Stefano 
Published: July 2013

SummaryNovel treatments for multiple myeloma (MM) have shown promising results in clinical trials, but the advantage in unselected patients is still unclear. In order to evaluate whether novel therapies impact survival of MM patients, we performed a population‐based analysis on data collected by the Modena Cancer Registry from 1989 to 2009. The analysis evaluated 1206 newly diagnosed MM patients collected in the years 1988–96 (conventional therapy), 1997–05 (high dose melphalan and autologous transplant), and 2006–09 (novel agents era). Both relative survival (RS) and overall survival (OS) improved over the years, but not equally in the three groups. For patients aged <65 years, RS improved in 1997–05 and 2006–09 compared with previous years and a trend to improvement was observed from 1997–05 to 2006–09. For patients aged 65–74 years, RS improved significantly in 2006–09 compared with 1988–96 and 1997–05. No amelioration was observed for patients 75+ years old. OS confirmed RS. In conclusion, the survival of MM patients aged <65 and, in particular, 65–74 years, has improved over time, especially after 2006. This observation provides circumstantial evidence that novel therapies might impact patient survival. Despite the limits of this study, these data refer to an unselected population, giving a picture of every day clinical practice.
Predictive factors for worse pathological outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: experience from a nationwide high‐volume centre in China
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Peng , Xiong Geng‐Yan , Li Xue‐Song , Matin Surena F. , Garcia Maurice , Fang Dong , Wang Tian‐Yu , Yu Wei , Gong Kan , Song Yi , He Zhi‐Song , He Qun , Zhou Li‐Qun 
Published: July 2013

Objectives
To analyse the predictive factors for worse pathological outcome (muscle invasive pT2+, non‐organ‐confined pT3+ or N+ and histological Grade 3) of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in a Chinese population from a nationwide high‐volume centre in China.
Patients and Methods
Predictors were studied by retrospectively reviewing the clinicopathological data of 729 consecutive patients with UTUC treated in our centre from January 2002 to December 2010.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.
Results
There were more female patients (56.4%) than males and more tumours were located in the ureter (52.7%) than in the pelvis.
In multivariate analysis, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 1.898, P = 0.001), sessile architecture (HR 3.249, P < 0.001), high grade (HR 5.007, P < 0.001), ipsilateral hydronephrosis (HR 4.768, P < 0.001), renal pelvis location (HR 2.620, P < 0.001) and tumour without multifocality (HR 1.639, P = 0.028) were predictive factors for muscle‐invasive UTUC.
Male gender (HR 2.132, P < 0.001), renal pelvis location (HR 3.466, P < 0.001), tumour without multifocality (HR 2.532, P = 0.001), sessile tumour architecture (HR 3.274, P < 0.001), and high grade (HR 3.019, P < 0.001) were predictive factors for non‐organ‐confined disease.
Chronological old age (HR 1.047, P < 0.001), sessile tumour architecture (HR 25.192, P < 0.001), ipsilateral hydronephrosis (HR 1.689, P = 0.024), and positive urinary cytology (HR 1.997, P = 0.006) were predictive factors for histological Grade 3 UTUC.
Conclusions
There was a predominance of female patients and ureteric tumours in UTUCs of this Chinese population.
Male gender, sessile architecture, tumour location, tumour without multifocality, high histological grade and preoperative ipsilateral hydronephrosis were independent predictive factors for worse pathological outcome of UTUCs.
Risk of in‐hospital complications after radical cystectomy for urinary bladder carcinoma: population‐based follow‐up study of 7608 patients
Authors: van Hemelrijck Mieke , Thorstenson Andreas , Smith Philip , Adolfsson Jan , Akre Olof 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To evaluate the risk of different in‐hospital complications for patients undergoing a radical cystectomy (RC), as limited nationwide population data on short‐ and long‐term complications after RC is available, despite it being the standard treatment for localised muscle‐invasive urinary bladder cancer (UBC).
Patients and Methods
In all, 7608 persons underwent a RC after UBC diagnosis, as registered in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1964 and 2008.
We estimated the frequency and incidences and calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Urinary tract infection/septicaemia was the most common complication following radical cystectomy, with an incidence of 90.4 per 1,000 person years. There was a higher risk of urinary tract infection among patients who had a continent cutaneous reservoir (HR: 1.11 (0.94–1.30) or orthotopic neobladder 1.21 (1.05–1.39) than among those with ileal conduit.
Similarly, continent cutaneous reservoir and orthotopic neobladder were associated with increased risks for wound and abdominal wall hernias, stones in the urinary tract, hydronephrosis and nephrostomy tube treatment, and kidney failure.
In contrast, risk of bowel obstruction was lower among those with orthotopic neobladder than those with ileal conduit (HR: 0.64 (0.50–0.81)) and those with continent cutaneous reservoir (HR: 0.92 (0.73–1.16).
Conclusions
In‐hospital complications after RC are numerous and continue to accumulate for many years after surgery, indicating the need for life‐long follow‐up of these patients.
Comparison between different types of diversion should, however, be made with care because of potential confounding by indication.
The association of preoperative serum albumin level and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score on early complications and survival of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Djaladat Hooman , Bruins Harman Maxim , Miranda Gus , Cai Jie , Skinner Eila C. , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To evaluate the impact of the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and serum albumin level on complications, recurrences and survival rates of patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).
Patients and Methods
In all, 1964 patients underwent RC for UBC at our institution between 1971 and 2008.
Preoperative serum albumin and ASA score were available in 1471 and 1140 patients, respectively.
A complication was defined as any surgery related/unrelated event leading to lengthening hospital stay or re‐admission.
Endpoints were 90‐day complication (90dC) rate, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results
The median (range) follow‐up was 12.4 (0.2–27.3) years. In all, 197 patients (13.4%) had a low albumin level (<3.5 g/dL) and 740 (64.8%) had a high ASA score (3 or 4).
Low serum albumin and a high ASA score were associated with higher 90dC rate (42% vs 34%, P = 0.03 and 40% vs 28%, P < 0.001, respectively).
On multiple logistic regression analysis, a high ASA score remained independently associated with increased 90dC rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.52, P = 0.005) and decreased OS (HR 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.86). A low serum albumin level was also independently associated with RFS (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16–2.43) and OS (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.43–2.63).
Conclusion
A low serum albumin level was independently associated with cancer recurrence and decreased OS after RC.
A high ASA score was also independently associated with decreased OS.
These parameters potentially could be used as prognosticators after RC.
Categorization of fragrance contact allergens for prioritization of preventive measures: clinical and experimental data and consideration of structure–activity relationships
Authors: Uter Wolfgang , Johansen Jeanne D. , Börje Anna , Karlberg Ann‐Therese , Lidén Carola , Rastogi Suresh , Roberts David , White Ian R. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryContact allergy to fragrances is still relatively common, affecting ∼ 16% of patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis, considering all current screening allergens. The objective of the review is to systematically retrieve, evaluate and classify evidence on contact allergy to fragrances, in order to arrive at recommendations for targeting of primary and secondary prevention. Besides published evidence on contact allergy in humans, animal data (local lymph node assay), annual use volumes and structure–activity relationships (SARs) were considered for an algorithmic categorization of substances as contact allergens. A total of 54 individual chemicals and 28 natural extracts (essential oils) can be categorized as established contact allergens in humans, including all 26 substances previously identified as contact allergens (SCCNFP/0017/98). Twelve of the 54 individual chemicals are considered to be of special concern, owing to the high absolute number of reported cases of contact allergy (> 100). Additionally, 18 single substances and one natural mixture are categorized as established contact allergens in animals.SARs, combined with limited human evidence, contributed to the categorization of a further 26 substances as likely contact allergens. In conclusion, the presence of 127 single fragrance substances and natural mixtures should, owing to their skin sensitizing properties, be disclosed, for example on the label. As an additional preventive measure, the maximum use concentration of 11 substances of special concern should be limited to 100 ppm. The substance hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde and the two ingredients chloroatranol and atranol in the natural extractsEvernia prunastriandEvernia furfuraceashould not be present in cosmetic products.
Beyond the Artery and Ventricle – An Aneurysm of the Mitral Valve Leaflet
Authors: Edwards Nicola C. , Smith Nicola L. , Steeds Richard P. 
Published: July 2013

Mini‐AbstractMitral valve leaflets aneurysms (MVLA) are a rare complication of aortic valve endocarditis and connective tissue disorders. They must be differentiated from other mitral valve abnormalities and subsequently followed by surveillance imaging due to the risk of progressive expansion and rupture leading to acute mitral regurgitation, even after successful treatment of endocarditis. We report a case of MVLA complicating staph aureus endocarditis in which three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) improved localization and identification as compared with two‐dimensional TEE.
The Effect of Different Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythms on Left Ventricular Systolic Dyssynchrony in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Essential Hypertension
Authors: Turak Osman , Özcan Firat , Kadife İskender , İşleyen Ahmet , Cebeci Muhammet , Başar Fatma Nurcan , Selçuk Mehmet Timur , Gölbaşi Zehra , Aras Dursun , Aydoğdu Sinan 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesLeft ventricular (LV) synchronous contraction is impaired in patients with hypertension (HT). The deleterious effects of HT on cardiovascular system are more evident in patients with nondipper HT than dippers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of nondipping HT on LV systolic synchronicity compared with dippers and controls.MethodsOne hundred patients with newly diagnosed essential HT and 50 normotensive subjects were enrolled in this study. The hypertensive patients were assigned 2 groups comprising 55 dippers and 45 nondippers. Each subject underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination. The evaluation of systolic dyssynchrony was performed by tissue synchronization imaging, and the time to regional peak systolic tissue velocity (Ts) in LV was measured on the basis of 12 segmental models. The standard deviation (SD) of the 12 LV segments (Ts‐SD‐12) and maximal difference in Ts between any two of the 12 LV segments (Ts‐12) were calculated.ResultsCompared with the control group, the synchronicity indexes were significantly prolonged in the hypertensive patients. Furthermore, Ts‐SD‐12 and Ts‐12 values were found to be significantly impaired in patients with nondipper HT, compared with dippers: Ts‐SD‐12 (38.1 ± 18.7 vs. 31.8 ± 15.4, P ≤ 0.001); Ts‐12 (123.0 ± 50.6 vs. 98.4 ± 42.3, P ≤ 0.001). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between LV dyssynchrony indices and percentage decline in BP level from day to night.ConclusionSynchronous systolic contraction of LV is found to be significantly impaired in patients with nondipping circadian pattern of HT compared with dippers and the controls.
Submitral Aneurysm – Echocardiographic Images
Authors: Raut Monish S. , Maheshwari Arun , Dube Sumir , Nautiyal Pooja 
Published: July 2013

Mini‐AbstractSubmitral aneurysm is rare condition. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram revealed single large irregular submitral aneurysm communicating with left ventricular cavity through a neck of size 1.3 cm. Posterior mitral leaflet was small and tethered and anterior mitral leaflet was normal. Severe mitral regurgitation was seen due to noncoaptation of mitral valve leaflets. Mitral valve replacement and subvalvular aneurysm repair was done. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiogram suggested no communication of aneurysm with left atrium or left ventricle.
An assessment of intra‐ and interobserver agreement of reporting orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs ofThoroughbred yearlings
Authors: Jackson M. A. , Vizard A. L. , Anderson G. A. , Mattoon J. S. , Lavelle R. B. , Smithenson B. T. , Lester N. V. , Clarke A. F. , Whitton R. C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyRadiography is commonly used in clinical practice but agreement of reporting of radiographically detected orthopaedic findings in horses has rarely been studied.ObjectivesTo assess agreement within and between observers for reporting of orthopaedic findings on presale radiographs ofThoroughbred yearlings.Study designRetrospective analysis of archived radiographs.MethodsFour veterinary radiology specialists each twice examined 167 sets of radiographs for orthopaedic findings in the fore feet, fore and hind fetlocks, carpi, tarsi and stifles. There were 27 findings analysed for agreement. Kappa statistic (κ), percentage of positive agreement (Ppos) and percentage of negative agreement are reported.ResultsAn excellent percentage of negative agreement was observed for all findings, with the exception of regular vascular channels of the proximal sesamoid bones.Ppos and κ results were variable. The presence of extra carpal bones, osseous cyst‐like lesions of the ulnar carpal bone, sagittal ridge defects of the third metacarpus, fracture of the fore and hind proximal sesamoid bones, regular vascular channels in the hind proximal sesamoids, osteochondrosis lesions of the distal intermediate ridge and/or medial malleoli of the tibia, and osseous cyst‐like lesions in the medial femoral condyle was consistently observed with an intra‐ and interagreement κ≥0.5 andPpos≥50%. Lucency within the proximal sesamoids consistently had an observed intra‐ and interagreement κ<0.4 andPpos<40%.ConclusionsObservation of orthopaedic findings on yearling repository radiographs showed generally excellent agreement on the absence of findings, but variable agreement on the presence of findings. Agreement was good for larger and easy to categorise radiographic findings. More accurate definitions and training need to be developed to improve agreement within and between observers for orthopaedic findings with poor or fair to good agreement.
Development of a fatigue crack growth testing apparatus and its application to thin titanium foil
Authors: Lee C.‐W. , Liu L. , Holmes J. W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA low‐cost experimental apparatus has been developed to investigate the mode I fatigue crack growth behaviour of thin metallic foils and sheets. The apparatus utilizes magnetic coupling between a ceramic magnet and a rotating steel disc to induce cyclic tensile loads in notched rectangular specimens. To illustrate the testing apparatus, mode I fatigue crack growth in 30‐µm‐thick high‐purity titanium foils was studied. Experiments were performed at ambient temperature using a loading frequency of 2 Hz and a nominal stress ratio of 0.1. The cyclic crack growth data could be fit to a Paris relationship between crack growth rate and stress intensity range. The stress intensity factor exponent, m, in the Paris relationship was between 4 and 6, which is comparable with the relatively high values found in the literature for the tension–tension fatigue of other metallic bulk materials. Incomplete self‐similarity analysis was used to explain the observed higher m values for thin metallic foils.
Cystic partially regressed clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a potential mimic of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Williamson Sean R , MacLennan Gregory T , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Montironi Rodolfo , Tan Puay Hoon , Martignoni Guido , Grignon David J , Eble John N , Idrees Muhammad T , Scarpelli Marina , Cheng Liang 
Published: July 2013

AimsTo study clear cell renal cell carcinomas with predominant cystic and sclerotic components, in which a solid epithelial component precluded a diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. We designated these tumours ‘cystic partially regressed clear cell renal cell carcinoma.’Methods and resultsTwenty‐seven tumours were studied, from patients with a median age of 58 years; the stage was most often pT1 (89%). The Fuhrman grade was 2 (48%), 1 (33%), or 3 (19%). The solid epithelial component constituted up to 30% of the tumour volume (median, 10%), whereas the cystic component constituted 15–80% (median, 65%), and the sclerotic component 10–70% (median, 20%). Thin fibrovascular septa lined by cells with clear cytoplasm were almost always present, resembling multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. Both zones of sclerosis and fibrovascular septa often contained inconspicuous epithelial cells. Sclerotic areas ranged in appearance from a cellular fibroblastic reaction to scar‐like with a residual network of capillaries resembling haemangioma. No patient developed recurrence or metastasis.ConclusionsCystic partially regressed clear cell renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon pattern of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, being composed of cysts with solid epithelial and sclerotic components that differentiate it from multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma.
Maintenance of richness despite reduced abundance of desert bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) to persistent grazing
Authors: Minckley Robert L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Anthropogenic changes to ecosystems typically result in decreased species richness and abundance relative to that of adjacent semi‐pristine or pristine areas. Yet, there is debate about the generality of this result for bees given that most studies have included extremely disturbed areas and are from a limited set of biogeographical areas.

Repeat sampling of an unusually specialised, species‐rich bee community was done in the north‐western Chihuahuan Desert, North America at sites in five habitats (riparian, mesquite forest, abandoned field, grassland, and desert scrub) that either had been intensely grazed by cattle in the previous year or not been grazed for 22+ years.

Species density and species composition of bees did not change in response to grazing, abundance and proportion of singleton species (those represented by one specimen) did. In all habitats, other than the riparian, there was lower overall abundance and a greater proportion of singleton species at sites that had been recently grazed than at sites that had not been grazed since 1979. The proportion of singletons was greater in recently grazed than in long‐term ungrazed areas, but pollen‐specialist species did not respond more strongly than pollen generalists.

The substantial variation in bee abundance and rarity was probably associated with differences in floral resources. Overall, lower bee abundance in grazed areas reflects the continuous removal by grazers of the flowers that bees use. Despite reduced bee abundance due to long‐term grazing, species richness, and composition in this desert bee community remained high.