bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and X-Ray Structure of 3,5-Dimethyl-1,4-dichloro-1,2,6- thiadiazine-1-oxide
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Li Xiaorong , Parvez Masood 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The title compound was obtained by the reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,2,6-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide with PCI5 in chloroform. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 7.521(7) Å, b = 8.400(4) Å, c = 13.908(4) Ä, β = 100.35(4)°, V = 864.4(8) Å3, and Z = 4. The S(VI) atom lies 0.43 Å out of the plane of the π-delocalized NCCCN unit. The mean S-N bond distance is 1.569(3) Å.
Pentafluoro[(4-methyl-1,4-bisazoniacy clohex-1 -yl)methy 1] germanate Hydrate: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Zwitterionic λ6Ge-Germanate with a GeF5C Framework
Authors: Tacke Reinhold , Heermann Joachim , Pülm Melanie 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The zwitterionic (molecular) λ6Ge-germanate pentafluoro[(4-methyl-1,4-bisazoniacyclohexl-yl)methyl]germanate (5) was synthesized by reaction of 1-methyl-4-[(trimethoxygermyl) methyl]piperazine (8) with HF (molar ratio 1:5) in a mixture of water and ethanol at 0 °C and isolated as the hydrate 5 · H2O. The zwitterion 5 is characterized by the presence of a hexacoordinate (formally twofold negatively charged) germanium atom and two tetracoordinate (formally positively charged) nitrogen atoms. Compound 5 · H2O was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data are as follows: C6H17F5GeN2O , triclinic space group P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.5228(11) Å, b = 12.174(2) Å, c = 12.3041(14) Å, α = 73.74(2)°, β = 82.44(2)°, γ = 74.762(10)°, V = 1041.7(2) Å3, T = 173(2) K, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0227. There are one pair each of crystallographically independent zwitterions 5 and water molecules in the asymmetric unit, the structures of the zwitterions being very similar. Their coordination polyhedra around the germanium atoms are slightly distorted octahedra.
In situ Neutron Diffraction on DxNb2O5
Authors: Unruh Tobias , Schwitzgebel Günter , Ritter Clemens 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
DxNb2O5 is thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, neutron diffraction measurements were performed in the electrochemical cell used for the intercalation of deuterium into sintered Nb2O5 powder samples. Diffraction patterns were recorded at equilibrium potentials of -443, -428, -332 and -197 mV vs. NHE (corresponding to x = 0.232, x = 0.23, x = 0.21 and x = 0.06). The structural changes in Nb2O5 caused by the deuterium insertion are small but could be determined reproducibly. The lattice parameters of the host lattice exhibit a characteristic dependence on the deuterium content of the bronze. A model has been developed for the partially inhomogeneous distribution of the deuterium in the Nb2O5 unit cell, which explains the changes of the peak intensities observed in the low angle region (6° ≤ 2θ ≤ 18°)
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Kristallstruktur von 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium-octachlorodiantimonat(III) / Crystal Structure of 1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium-octachlorodiantimonate(III)
Authors: Jaschinski Bernd , Blachnik Roger , Reuter Hans 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The title compound was prepared by reaction of SbCl3 with 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium-chloride in methanol. The single crystal structure gave the following data: [C12H14N2][Sb2Cl8] (1) space group PI, Nr. 1, with a = 570.68(7) pm, b = 938.57(14) pm, c = 1174.27(11)pm, α = 66.72(9)°, β = 89.304(12)°, γ = 78.684(11)°, and Z = 1. The compound has a small SHG effect and a phase transition at 272 °C with an enthalpy of transition of 6.54 kJ mol-1 .
Comparative Study on the Pulmonary Toxicity of Indium Hydroxide, Indium-Tin Oxide, and Indium Oxide Following Intratracheal Instillations into the Lungs of Rats
Authors: Tanaka Akiyo , Hirata Miyuki , Matsumura Nagisa , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Kiyohara Yutaka 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe studied the pulmonary toxicity of indium hydroxide (In(OH)3), which is produced during a recycling process of indium-tin oxide (ITO), in comparison with that of ITO or indium oxide (In2O3), two raw materials of flat panel displays. One hundred and forty-four male Wistar rats were intratracheally given equivalent doses of 10 mg/kg indium as In(OH)3, ITO, or In2O3 particles, twice a week, for a total of 5 times for 2 weeks. Control rats were given distilled water as a vehicle. After 3 weeks, these rats were serially euthanized, and toxicological effects were determined. Body weight gain was significantly suppressed in the In(OH)3-treated rats compared to that in the control group, but not in the ITO- or In2O3-treated rats. Relative lung weights in all the indium-treated groups significantly increased compared to those in the control group throughout the observation period. Furthermore, lung weights in the In(OH)3 group were significantly higher than those in either the ITO or In2O3 group. Blood indium levels in the In(OH)3-treated rats were much higher, 70- to 200-fold, than those in the In2O3- or ITO-treated rats at each time point. Although the lung indium content decreased gradually during the observation periods, the content in the In(OH)3 group was significantly higher than that in either the ITO or In2O3 group. A histopathological analysis revealed foci indicating a slight to severe pulmonary inflammatory response, including exudation to alveolar spaces, were present in all the indium-treated groups. Interstitial fibrotic proliferation was seen only in the In(OH)3-treated rats. The severity of these lesions in the In(OH)3-treated rats was greater than that in either the ITO- or In2O3-treated rats.The results of our study clearly demonstrated that In(OH)3 particles caused severe pulmonary toxicity when repeated intratracheal instillations were performed in rats. Furthermore, the toxic potency of In(OH)3 in the lung was much higher than that of ITO and In2O3. Accordingly, the toxicity of In(OH)3 particles should be considered in addition to that of ITO and In2O3 particles when indium exposure occurs.
Mixed-Ionic-Electronic-Conduction (MIEC)-Based Access Devices for 3D Multilayer Crosspoint Memory
Authors: Virwani Kumar , Burr Geoffrey W. , Narayanan Pritish , Kurdi Bülent 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA number of applications call for the organization of resistive non-volatile memory (NVM) into large, densely-packed crossbar arrays. While resistive-NVM devices often possess some degree of inherent nonlinearity (typically 3-30× contrast), the operation of large (>1000×1000 device) arrays at low power tends to require large (> 1e7) ON-to-OFF ratios between the currents passed at high and at low voltages. Such large nonlinearities can be implemented by including a distinct access device together with each of the state-bearing resistive-NVM elements. While such an access device need not store data, its list of requirements is almost as challenging as the specifications demanded of the memory device.We review our work on high-performance access devices based on Cu-containing Mixed-Ionic-Electronic Conduction (MIEC) materials [1–7]. (This version focuses only on the MIEC-based access device itself; previously-published longer versions of this work [8–10] also include more extensive surveys of competing devices as well.) These devices require only the low processing temperatures of the Back-End-Of-the-Line (BEOL), making them highly suitable for implementing multi-layer crossbar arrays. MIEC-based access devices offer large ON/OFF ratios (>1e7), a significant voltage margin Vm (over which current < 10nA), and ultra-low leakage (<10pA), while also offering the high current densities needed for PCM and the fully bipolar operation needed for high-performance RRAM. Scalability to critical dimensions (CD) <30nm and thicknesses <15nm, tight distributions and 100% yield in large (512kBit) arrays, long-term stability of the ultra-low leakage states, and sub-50ns turn-ON times have all been demonstrated. Numerical modeling of these MIEC-based access devices shows that their operation depends on Cu+ mediated hole conduction. Circuit simulations reveal that while scaled MIEC devices are suitable for large crossbar arrays of resistive-NVM devices with low (<1.2V) switching voltages, a compact vertical stack of two MIEC devices in series could support large crossbar arrays for switching voltages up to 2.5V.
What Controls Temperature Dependence of Yield Stress in L12-Ordered Intermetallic Compounds?
Authors: Inui Haruyuki , Okamoto Norihiko L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe temperature dependence of yield stress and the associated dislocation dissociation in L12 intermetallic compounds are investigated in order to check the feasibility of the classification of L12 intermetallic compounds so far made in terms of the planarity of core structures of partial dislocations with b = 1/2<110> and 1/3<112> on {111} and {001} glide planes. In contrast to what is believed from the classification, the motion of APB-coupled dislocations is evidenced to give rise to the rapid decrease in yield stress at low temperatures for Pt3Al. In view of the fact that rapid decrease in yield stress at low temperatures is also observed in Co3(Al,W) and Co3Ti in which APB-coupled dislocations are responsible for deformation, the SISF-type dissociation is not a prerequisite for the rapidly decreasing CRSS for slip on (111) and the relative magnitudes of the APB energy on (111) and the SISF energy on (111) cannot be a primary factor that determines the type of the temperature dependence of CRSS for L12 compounds. The importance of the CSF energy as a factor determining the type of the temperature dependence of yield stress for L12 compounds through the changes in the planarity of the core structure of the APB-coupled partial dislocation with bp = ½[1$\overline 1$0] is discussed in the light of experimental evidence obtained from Pt3Al.
Thermal, Mechanical and Magneto-Mechanical Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers Loaded with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Herrera-Posada Stephany , Calcagno Barbara O. , Acevedo Aldo 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTLiquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are materials that reveal unusual mechanical, optical and thermal properties due to their molecular orientability characteristic of low molar mass liquid crystals while maintaining the mechanical elasticity distinctive of rubbers. As such, they are considered smart shape-changing responsive systems. In this work, we report on the preparation of magnetic sensitized nematic LCEs using iron oxide nanoparticles with loadings of up to 0.7 wt%. The resultant thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, expansion/contraction experiments and extensional tests. The magnetic actuation ability was also evaluated for the neat elastomer and the composite with 0.5 wt% magnetic content, finding reversible contractions of up to 23% with the application of alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) of up to 48 kA/m at 300 kHz. Thus, we were able to demonstrate that the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles yields LCEs with adjustable properties that can be tailored by changing the amount of particles embedded in the elastomeric matrix, which can be suitable for applications in actuation, sensing, or as smart substrates.
Synthesis of Nanoporous Rutile Nanocrystals under Mild Conditions
Authors: Sabyrov Kairat , Yuwono Virany M. , Penn R. Lee 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSingle-crystalline rutile with porous and complex structure can be produced by tuning reaction conditions so as to maintain low titania solubility. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy results are consistent with the hypothesis that oriented aggregation of anatase crystals precedes rutile nucleation and growth from anatase nanocrystal interfaces. The product rutile retains morphological and microstructure features consistent with an aggregation-based phase transformation because coarsening, or monomer-by-monomer growth, is suppressed under these conditions of low titania solubility.
Crystallization of Ni–P Fabricated by Electroless Deposition: Microscopic Mechanism
Authors: Zhan Xun , Ernst Frank 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigate the crystallization of amorphous Ni–P with near-eutectic composition, fabricated by electroless plating as a 10 µm thick continuous layer. Aiming to understand phase transformations that occur upon heating and, in particular, the microscopic mechanism of crystallization, we combine a variety of complimentary characterization techniques. DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) during isothermal heating reveals the crystallization kinetics. Conventional-, high-resolution-, and analytical TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and TEM-based electron diffraction provide high-spatial-resolution information on phase nucleation and spatial distribution of atom species, particularly the crystallography of the nucleating crystalline phases (Ni3P and Ni) and the spatial distribution of phosphorus in the partially and completely crystallized alloy. Our results indicate that crystallization proceeds by homogeneous nucleation of Ni3P grains. Internally, these exhibit a microstructure of radially oriented subgrains containing Ni nano-platelets in a specific crystallographic OR (orientation relationship) with Ni3P. However, the preferred Ni–Ni3P OR differs from those reported in the literature for similar material. Combining our observation on the structure and microstructure of partially and completely crystallized Ni–P with the observed crystallization kinetics provides a deeper understanding of the microscopic mechanism of crystallization.
Quantification of Oxidizer Systems for Porous Silicon Combustion
Authors: Abraham Ani , Piekiel Nicholas W. , Knick Cory R. , Morris Christopher J. , Dreizin Edward 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe present the first quantitative assessment of combustion dynamics of on-chip porous silicon (PS) energetic material using sulfur and nitrate-based oxidizers with potential for improved moisture stability and/or minimized environmental impact compared to sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Material properties of the PS films were characterized using gas adsorption porosimetry, and profilometry to calculate specific surface area, porosity and etch depth. The PS/sulfur energetic composite was formed using three pore loading techniques, where the combustion speeds ranged from 2.9 – 290 m/s. The nitrate-based oxidizers were solution-deposited using different compatible solvents, and depending on the metal-nitrate yielded combustion speeds of 3.1 – 21 m/s. Additionally, the combustion enthalpies from bomb calorimetry experiments are reported for the alternative PS/oxidizer systems in both nitrogen and oxygen environments.
Crystallography of Bcc/T1/T2 Three-Phase Microstructure in the Directionally Solidified Mo-Nb-Si-B Alloy
Authors: Takata Naoki , Sekido Nobuaki , Takeyama Masao , Perepezko John H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the crystallographic features of bcc/T1/T2 three-phase microstructure in a directionally solidified Mo–32.2Nb–19.5Si–4.7B (at.%) alloy have been examined by electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The alloy was directionally solidified using an optical floating zone (OFZ) furnace in a flowing Ar gas atmosphere at a constant growth rate of 10 mm/hour. The microstructure of the directionally solidified alloy is characterized by an elongated T2 phase surrounded by inclusions of bcc and T1 phases with an interwoven morphology. The T2 grains are faceted on the (001) planes and elongated along the [110] direction. The T2 phase has an orientation relationship of (001)T2 // (011)bcc and [130]T2 // [2${\rm{\bar 1}}$1]bcc with the bcc phase, whereas any particular orientation relationships of T1 phase with bcc and T2 phases have not been found. These crystallographic features of bcc/T1/T2 three-phase microstructure suggest that the primary T2 phase crystallizes and grows along the [110] direction in liquid phase, followed by nucleation of the bcc phase on the interface between T2 and liquid phases, resulting in bcc/T1 two-phase eutectic reaction surrounding the elongated T2 phase.
Poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles as Carriers for Adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Wischke Christian , Weigel Judith , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) has numerous biological functions both intra- and extracellularly, including effects on the directed migration of cells with a regenerative potential in brain tissue. Therefore, carrier systems would be of interest that would be capable to be loaded with ATP and release it in a controlled manner. In the present study, poly(n-butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles as a potential carrier system were prepared by anionic polymerization using different polymerization media, which resulted in different zeta potential values and in some cases aggregation of nanoparticles. By decorating the particle surface with positively charged diethylaminoethyl dextran, multivalent ionic interaction allowed to load ATP to the nanoparticles by adsorption. In release experiments, an ATP release over 6 hours was observed. ATP-loaded nanoparticles may thus be suitable to explore biological effects of short-term ATP delivery for biomedical applications.
Development of a Single Molecular Tunnel-Current Identification method For Electrical Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ohshiro Takahito , Tsutsui Makusu , Yokota Kazumichi , Kawai Tomoji , Taniguchi Masateru 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe developed a tunnel-current based identification method by using nano-gap integrated devices. We performed electrical measurements for mono-nucleotide and oligo-nucleotide during its translocation of molecules between the nano-gap. Based on this determined electrical conductivity for single-nucleotides, we electrically identify the base-type in oligonucleotides, and found that this time-profiles represents the molecular translocation behaviors inside nano-gap. This method could be a promising for an electrical nucleotide sequencing methodology with label-free, high-speed, and low-cost.
Direct laser fabrication of nanostructures on Si(001)
Authors: Haghizadeh Anahita , Yang Haeyeon 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe study how the period of transient thermal gradient impacts on morphologies of nanostructures on the Si(001) surface. Strain-free, self-assembled nanodots as well as periodic nanowires are fabricated directly on Si(001) surfaces by applying high power laser pulses on the surface interferentially. The morphologies of the nanostructures are studied by atomic force microscopy. Generally, the laser irradiated surfaces show nanowires but nanodots are also observed. The nanowire width increases with interference period. The narrowest nanowires observed have the width smaller than 50 nm, which is four times smaller than the interference period while the nanodots have a base width of 43 nm and height of 8 nm.
A Computational Study of the Effects of Charging Parameters on the Performance and Reversibility of a New Type SOFC Storage Battery
Authors: Jin Xinfang , Zhao Xuan , Huang Kevin 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA high-fidelity two-dimensional axial symmetrical multi-physics model is established to analyze and predict the performance of a recently discovered solid oxide metal-air redox battery (SOMARB). In particular for this study, the effects of the parameters used in the charge cycle including current density, depth-of-discharge and kinetic rate of Fe3O4-reduction on the performance have been systematically investigated. Three strategies are subsequently developed with goal of achieving a balanced specific energy and cycle efficiency for the best performance of SOMARB.
Brentuximab Vedotin in Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma and a Failed Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results From a Named Patient Program at Four Italian Centers
Authors: Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Ricci Francesca , Dalto Serena , Mazza Rita , Malagola Michele , Patriarca Francesca , Viviani Simonetta , Russo Domenico , Giordano Laura , Castagna Luca , Corradini Paolo , Santoro Armando 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground.Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has demonstrated an extraordinary efficacy in heavily pretreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients, targeting CD30-positive cells; however, limited data have been reported on the efficacy of BV in cHL patients failing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of BV in a multicenter setting of cHL relapsing or progressing after allo-SCT.Methods.Sixteen BV-naïve patients with recurrent cHL after allo-SCT were included in a compassionate use program and treated with intravenous BV at the dose of 1.8 mg/kg of body weight every 3 weeks for a maximum of 16 cycles.Results.The objective response rate was 69%. Five patients (31%) had complete remission, and 6 (37%) had partial remission. Stable disease was observed in 4 patients (25%), and progressive disease was observed in 1 (6%). After median follow-up of 26 months (range: 5–30 months), median progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and duration of response were 7, 25, and 5 months, respectively. The 2-year PFS and OS were 20% and 61%, respectively. Grade 3–4 hematological adverse events included anemia (15%), thrombocytopenia (12%), and neutropenia (18%). Grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy occurred in 2 patients (12%).Conclusion.BV therapy is an effective and safe approach for achieving transient disease control in cHL patients with failed allo-SCT. To improve disease control, future studies should explore the combination of BV with targeted agents.
Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation Following Temporary or Permanent Endocardial Lead Insertion, and the Impact of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Sadreddini Masoud , Haroun Michelle J , Buikema Lisanne , Morillo Carlos , Ribas Sebastian , Divakaramenon Syamkumar , Connolly Stuart J , Nieuwlaat Robby , Lonn Eva M , Healey Jeff S , Dokainish Hisham 
Published: February 2015

Background:
While some studies indicate that permanent pacemaker implantation is associated with development of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), other studies indicate no association.Little is known about the impact of temporary lead insertion during ablation procedures, or whether therapy (CRT) prevents TR post-device implantation.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that permanent, but nottemporary endocardial leads, are associated with development of TR, and that CRT would prevent (physiologic) TR.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent first device or radiofrequency catheter ablation over a 12-month period at a single, tertiary academic center who underwent pre- and post-procedure echocardiography.

Results:
In the 89 patients in the device group, the degree of TR significantly increased ≥ 1 grade post-permanent lead implantation: 9 had less TR, 46 were unchanged, and 34 had more TR(p=0.005). TR increased in the 62 patients who underwent device implantation without CRT (p=0.005), but did not increase in the 27 patients with CRT (p=0.47). In the 66 patients in the ablation group, there was no significant change in TR post-ablation: 8 had less TR, 48 were unchanged, and 10 had more TR (p=0.31).

Conclusion:
Permanent endocardial lead implantation was associated with an increase in TR; however, patients who underwent device implantation with CRT did not have an increase in TR.Temporary lead insertion during ablation was not associated with changes in the degree of TR. A large, prospective study is needed to accurately define the incidence and exact mechanisms of permanent endocardial lead-related TR.