bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative trait combinations and secondary resource partitioning in sexually selected color polymorphism
Authors: Takahashi Yuma , Kawata Masakado 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResource partitioning within a species, trophic polymorphism is hypothesized to evolve by disruptive selection when intraspecific competition for certain resources is severe. However, in this study, we reported the secondary partitioning of oviposition resources without resource competition in the damselfly Ischnura senegalensis. In this species, females show color polymorphism that has been evolved as counteradaptation against sexual conflict. One of the female morphs is a blue‐green (andromorph, male‐like morph), whereas the other morph is brown (gynomorph). These female morphs showed alternative preferences for oviposition resources (plant tissues); andromorphs used fresh (greenish) plant tissues, whereas gynomorphs used decaying (brownish) plants tissues, suggesting that they chose oviposition resources on which they are more cryptic. In addition, the two‐color morphs had different egg morphologies. Andromorphs have smaller and more elongated eggs, which seemed to adapt to hard substrates compared with those of gynomorphs. The resource partitioning in this species is achieved by morphological and behavioral differences between the color morphs that allow them to effectively exploit different resources. Resource partitioning in this system may be a by‐product of phenotypic integration with body color that has been sexually selected, suggesting an overlooked mechanism of the evolution of resource partitioning. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary and ecological consequences of such resource partitioning.
A Robust Mn Catalyst for H2O2 Disproportionation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lee Wei‐Tsung , Xu Song , Dickie Diane A. , Smith Jeremy M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe pyridinophane complex [Mn(Py2N2)(H2O)2]2+ catalyses the disproportionation of H2O2 in aqueous solution over a wide pH range. Kinetic investigations reveal an induction period, which is proposed to involve the formation of a hydroperoxo intermediate, as well as evidence for catalyst self‐inhibition. A catalytic cycle involving mononuclear intermediates has been proposed. Spectroscopic investigations under turnover conditions are consistent with this proposal and show that the resting state of the catalyst is a mononuclear MnII complex. The robustness of the catalyst is evidenced by its ability to achieve turnover numbers of 58000 in aqueous solution.
The opposite of backlash: High‐SDO people show enhanced tolerance when gay people pose little threat
Authors: Bahns Angela J. , Crandall Christian S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe tested how perceived threat to group position affects the relationship between beliefs about the acceptability of social inequality—as measured by social dominance orientation (SDO)—and discrimination. We hypothesized that high‐SDO heterosexuals would respond with increased discrimination when they perceived status gains for gays. In a pilot study, we found that SDO correlated with gay prejudice and with perceiving gays to be gaining status. In an experiment, we manipulated the perceived status of gays and measured SDO, traditional values, and money donated to anti‐gay causes. SDO was correlated with more anti‐gay donations, except when gays were perceived to be low in status; then people high in SDO discriminated less, making fewer anti‐gay donations in the Low compared to the Gain and Control status conditions. By contrast, traditional values were correlated with more anti‐gay donations in all conditions, and the correlation was especially strong in the Low status condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐implicit numerical model for urban drainage systems
Authors: Casulli Vincenzo , Stelling Guus S. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a semi‐implicit numerical model for one‐dimensional urban drainage networks is formulated in such a fashion as to intrinsically account for arbitrary cross sections, for the occurrence of dry areas, for free surface, and for pressurized flows. The governing differential equations are discretized with a consistent mass conservative scheme that naturally applies to all flow regimes. The resulting mildly nonlinear system, at every time step, is efficiently solved with a converging, properly devised, nested Newton‐type algorithm. It will be shown that with the proposed semi‐implicit model, high accuracy can be achieved at a moderate computational cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The equity lens in the health care performance evaluation system
Authors: Barsanti Sara , Nuti Sabina 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this paper is to describe how indicators of the equity of access to health care according to socioeconomic conditions may be included in a performance evaluation system (PES) in the regional context level and in the planning and strategic control system of healthcare organisations. In particular, the paper investigates how the PES adopted, in the experience of the Tuscany region in Italy, indicators of vertical equity over time. Studies that testify inequality of access to health services often remain just a research output and are not used as targets and measurements in planning and control systems. After a brief introduction to the concept of horizontal and vertical equity in health care systems and equity measures in PES, the paper describes the ‘equity process’ by which selected health indicators declined by socioeconomic conditions were shared and used in the evaluation of health care institutions and in the CEOs' rewarding system, and subsequently analyses the initial results. Results on the maternal and child path and the chronicity care path not only show improvements in addressing health care inequalities, but also verify whether the health system responds appropriately to different population groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Xenopus TRPV6 homolog encodes a Mg2+‐permeant channel that is inhibited by interaction with TRPC1
Authors: Courjaret Raphael , Hubrack Satanay , Daalis Arwa , Dib Maya , Machaca Khaled 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe TRP gene family encodes primarily cation non‐selective, Ca2+ permeant channels that are involved in a dizzying array of sensory mechanisms. Two channels in this large family TRPV5 and TRPV6 are highly Ca2+ selective and are expressed in epithelia where they are important in Ca2+ uptake. TRPV5/6 are constitutively active, yet the mechanisms regulating their activation in native tissue remains elusive. Here we functionally characterize the Xenopus TRPV6 homolog. xTRPV6 is expressed in the oocyte and encodes a channel that is permeant to divalents including Ca2+, and displays a high permeability to Mg2+. The oocyte does not exhibit functional TRPV6‐like current at rest, showing that the endogenous channel is somehow maintained in an inactive state. We show that endogenous as well as overexpressed xTRPV6 interacts with xTRPC1 and that this interaction inhibits xTRPV6 currents. As such TRPC1 is likely to regulate the activity of TRPV6 under physiological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2386–2398, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rhinoviruses as an underestimated cause of influenza‐like illness in pregnancy during the 2009–2010 influenza pandemic
Authors: Pilorgé Léa , Chartier Mélanie , Méritet Jean‐François , Cervantes Minerva , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Launay Odile , Rozenberg Flore , Krivine Anne 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring the 2009–2010 influenza pandemic, pregnant women were identified at high risk for severe infection. In case of influenza‐like illness they were systematically treated with oseltamivir. When performed, virological diagnosis showed that some of these women were not influenza‐infected. The objectives of the study were to identify viruses which could induce an influenza‐like illness in pregnant women during the 2009–2010 pandemic, then to establish possible links between detected viruses and symptoms, and then characterize human rhinoviruses (HRV) strains detected in some samples. Nasal swabs from 78 pregnant women presenting with influenza‐like illness and previously tested for influenza virus by RT‐PCR in 2009–2010 were further assayed by multiplex RespiFinder assay and bocavirus PCR to search for 13 other viruses. Genotyping of HRV strains was carried out using partial genomic sequencing in the VP4/VP2 region. Influenza A virus infection was confirmed in 33 women (42%). Non‐influenza viruses were detected in 18 additional cases (23%). Rhinoviruses were the most numerous (13%) and belonged to 9 different genotypes distributed between the 3 genogroups. When comparing symptoms observed in influenza‐infected women and women infected by other viruses, shivers were more frequent in the former group (P = 0.02), and expectorations in the latter (P = 0.03). During the influenza pandemic 2009–2010, non‐influenza viruses and mostly rhinoviruses were an underestimated cause of influenza‐like illness in pregnant women. Viral diagnosis should help to stop empiric oseltamivir therapy in influenza‐negative patients and antibiotic treatment in patients infected with a non‐influenza virus. J. Med. Virol. 85:1473–1477, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibodies to hepatitis E in Portuguese mothers and their newborns
Authors: Mesquita J.R. , Conceição‐Neto N. , Valente‐Gomes G. , Gonçalves G. , Nascimento M.S.J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe high mortality of pregnant women is one of the main features of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in endemic countries. With the emergence of genotype 3 HEV in industrialized countries, attention should be given to pregnant women from these regions since the effect of genotype 3 HEV in pregnancy is not yet known. In this study, archived sera dating from 1993 from mothers with no history of traveling to HEV endemic countries and their newborns were tested for anti‐HEV IgG antibodies. Four of the 12 maternal sera were positive for IgG anti‐HEV, indicating exposure to this virus. Their newborns were also positive, showing higher anti‐HEV IgG levels. Overall, these findings demonstrate not only an efficient transplacental transport of anti‐HEV IgG, but also circulation of autochthonous HEV in Portugal in the early 1990s. J. Med. Virol. 85:1377–1378, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Density fractionation of organic matter in dolomite‐derived soils
Authors: Kreyling Olivia , Kölbl Angelika , Spielvogel Sandra , Rennert Thilo , Kaiser Klaus , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) constitutes half of the global carbonates. Thus, many calcareous soils have been developing rather from dolomitic rocks than from calcite (CaCO3)‐dominated limestone. We developed a physical fractionation procedure based on three fractionation steps, using sonication with subsequent density fractionation to separate soil organic matter (SOM) from dolomite‐derived soil constituents. The method avoids acidic pretreatment for destruction of carbonates but aims at separating out carbonate minerals according to density. The fractionation was tested on three soils developed on dolostone parent material (alluvial gravel and solid rock), differing in organic‐C (OC) and inorganic‐C (IC) concentrations and degree of carbonate weathering. Soil samples were suspended and centrifuged in Na‐polytungstate (SPT) solutions of increasing density, resulting in five different fractions: two light fractions < 1.8 g cm–3 (> 20 μm and < 20 μm), rich in OC and free of carbonate, and two organomineral fractions (1.8–2.4 g cm–3 and 2.4–2.6 g cm–3), containing 66–145 mg g–1 and 16–29 mg g–1 OC. The organomineral fractions consist of residual clay from carbonate weathering such as clay minerals and iron oxides associated with SOM. The fifth fraction (> 2.6 g cm–3) was dominated by dolomite (85%–95%). The density separation yielded fractions differing in mineral compositions, as well as in SOM, indicated by soil‐type‐specific OC distributions and decreasing OC : N ratios with increasing density of fractions. The presented method is applicable to a wide range of dolomitic and most likely to all other calcareous soils.
Usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of chemical and biological soil properties in different long‐term experiments
Authors: Heinze Stefanie , Vohland Michael , Joergensen Rainer Georg , Ludwig Bernard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe prediction accuracy of visible and near‐infrared (Vis‐NIR) spectroscopy for soil chemical and biological parameters has been variable and the reasons for this are not completely understood. Objectives were (1) to explore the predictability of a series of chemical and biological properties for three different soil populations and—based on these heterogeneous data sets—(2) to analyze possible predictive mechanisms statistically. A number of 422 samples from three arable soils in Germany (a sandy Haplic Cambisol and two silty Haplic Luvisols) of different long‐term experiments were sampled, their chemical and biological properties determined and their reflectance spectra in the Vis‐NIR region recorded after shock‐freezing followed by freeze‐drying. Cross‐validation was carried out for the entire population as well as for each population from the respective sites. For the entire population, excellent prediction accuracies were found for the contents of soil organic C (SOC) and total P. The contents of total N and microbial biomass C and pH were predicted with good accuracy. However, prediction accuracy for the other properties was less: content of total S was predicted approximately quantitatively, whereas Vis‐NIR spectroscopy could only differentiate between high and low values for the contents of microbial N, ergosterol, and the ratio of ergosterol to microbial biomass C. Contents of microbial biomass P and S, basal respiration, and qCO2 could not be predicted. Prediction accuracies were greatest for the entire population and the Luvisol at Garte, followed by the Luvisol at Hohes Feld, whereas the accuracy for the sandy Cambisol was poor. The poor accuracy for the sandy Cambisol may have been due to only smaller correlations between the measured properties and the SOC content compared to the Luvisols or due to a general poor prediction performance for sandy soils. Another reason for the poor accuracy may have been the smaller range of contents in the sandy soil. Overall, the data indicated that the accuracy of predictions of soil properties depends largely on the population investigated. For the entire population, the usefulness of Vis‐NIR for the number of chemical and biological soil properties was evident by markedly greater correlation coefficients (measured against Vis‐NIR predicted) compared to the Pearson correlation coefficients of the measured properties against the SOC content. However, the cross‐validation results are valid only for the closed population used in this study.
Osteoblastoma of the thyroid cartilage treated with voice preserving laryngeal framework resection
Authors: Glazer Tiffany A. , Spector Matthew E. , McHugh Jonathan , Hogikyan Norman D. 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisOsteoblastoma is a slow‐growing, locally destructive benign bone neoplasm, rarely occurring in the laryngeal cartilage. We present the case of a professional voice user diagnosed with laryngeal osteoblastoma after microdirect laryngoscopy and endoscopic biopsy. Her treatment required a unique operation, with elements of partial laryngectomy and maintenance of vital endolaryngeal soft tissues, in order to optimize vocal outcome. Laryngoscope, 123:1948–1951, 2013
Comprehensive Triblock Copolymer Analysis by Coupled Thermal Field‐Flow Fractionation‐NMR
Authors: van Aswegen Werner , Hiller Wolf , Hehn Mathias , Pasch Harald 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThermal field‐flow fractionation (ThFFF) is used as a novel fractionation technique to investigate the molecular heterogeneity of PB‐b‐PVP‐b‐PtBMA triblock copolymers. Such copolymers cause major problems in liquid chromatography due to very strong polar interactions with the stationary phase. ThFFF separates the copolymers with regard to size and/or chemical composition based on the normal and thermal diffusion coefficients. The separation mechanism in ThFFF and the chemical composition of the separated species is elucidated by online 1H NMR. Based on the compositional analysis and a calibration of the system with the respective homopolymers, the samples are quantified regarding their molar masses, chemical compositions, and microstructures providing comprehensive information on the complex structure of these block copolymers.magnified image
Effect of Thermal Annealing on the Surface Properties of Electrospun Polymer Fibers
Authors: Chen Jiun‐Tai , Chen Wan‐Ling , Fan Ping‐Wen , Yao I‐Chun 
Published: May 2013

Electrospun polymer fibers are gaining importance because of their unique properties and applications in areas such as drug delivery, catalysis, or tissue engineering. Most studies to control the morphology and properties of electrospun polymer fibers focus on changing the electrospinning conditions. The effects of post‐treatment processes on the morphology and properties of electrospun polymer fibers, however, are little studied. Here, the effect of thermal annealing on the surface properties of electrospun polymer fibers is investigated. Poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene fibers are fist prepared by electrospinning, followed by thermal annealing processes. Upon thermal annealing, the surface roughness of the electrospun polymer fibers decreases. The driving force of the smoothing process is the minimization of the interfacial energy between polymer fibers and air. The water contact angles of the annealed polymer fibers also decrease with the annealing time.image
pH‐Responsive Self‐Assembly by Molecular Recognition on a Macroscopic Scale
Authors: Zheng Yongtai , Hashidzume Akihito , Harada Akira 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMacroscopic pH‐responsive self‐assembly is successfully constructed by polyacrylamide(pAAm)‐based gels carrying dansyl (Dns) and β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) residues, which are represented as Dns‐gel and βCD‐gel, respectively. Dns‐gel and βCD‐gel assemble together at pH ≥ 4.0, but disassemble at pH ≤ 3.0. The adhesion strengths for pairs of Dns‐gel/βCD‐gel increase with increasing pH. The fluorescence study on the model system of pAAm modified with 1 mol% Dns moieties (pAAm/Dns) reveals that Dns residues are protonated at a lower pH, which results in the reduction in binding constant (K) for Dns residues and βCD.
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New ex vivo reporter assay system reveals that σ factors of an unculturable pathogen control gene regulation involved in the host switching between insects and plants
Authors: Ishii Yoshiko , Kakizawa Shigeyuki , Oshima Kenro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAnalysis of the environmental regulation of bacterial gene expression is important for understanding the nature, pathogenicity, and infection route of many pathogens. “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris”, onion yellows strain M (OY‐M), is a phytopathogenic bacterium that is able to adapt to quite different host environments, including plants and insects, with a relatively small ~850 kb genome. The OY‐M genome encodes two sigma (σ) factors, RpoD and FliA, that are homologous to Escherichia coli σ70 and σ28, respectively. Previous studies show that gene expression of OY‐M dramatically changes upon the response to insect and plant hosts. However, very little is known about the relationship between the two σ factors and gene regulatory systems in OY‐M, because phytoplasma cannot currently be cultured in vitro. Here, we developed an Escherichia coli‐based ex vivo reporter assay (EcERA) system to evaluate the transcriptional induction of phytoplasmal genes by the OY‐M‐derived σ factors. EcERA revealed that highly expressed genes in insect and plant hosts were regulated by RpoD and FliA, respectively. We also demonstrated that rpoD expression was significantly higher in insect than in plant hosts and fliA expression was similar between the hosts. These data indicate that phytoplasma‐derived RpoD and FliA play key roles in the transcriptional switching mechanism during host switching between insects and plants. Our study will be invaluable to understand phytoplasmal transmission, virulence expression in plants, and the effect of infection on insect fitness. In addition, the novel EcERA system could be broadly applied to reveal transcriptional regulation mechanisms in other unculturable bacteria.
A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One‐ and Two‐Pot Synthesis of Well‐Defined Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Toloza Porras Carolina , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKinetic Monte Carlo simulations are performed to investigate the capability of ICAR ATRP for the synthesis of well‐defined poly(isobornyl acrylate‐b‐styrene) block(‐like) copolymers using one‐pot semi‐batch and two‐pot batch procedures. The block copolymer quality is quantified via a block deviation (〈BD〉) value. For 〈BD〉 values lower than 0.30, the quality is defined as good and for well‐chosen polymerization conditions the formation of homopolymer chains upon addition of the second monomer can be suppressed. A better block quality is obtained when isobornyl acrylate is polymerized first. For lower Cu levels a one‐pot semi‐batch procedure allows a much faster ATRP and better control over the polymer properties than a two‐pot batch procedure. magnified image
A 3D fully Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model with both volume and surface discrete elements
Authors: Amicarelli Andrea , Agate Giordano , Guandalini Roberto 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYA 3D fully Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model has been developed adopting a particle approximation, which considers both volume and surface elements at boundaries. The model is based on the main principles of the 2D model of Ferrand et al. (2012) and on the spatial reconstruction schemes used in SPH–arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling to treat boundaries (Marongiu et al., 2007). This model is conceived to represent free surface flows and their interactions with solid structures. It is validated on a 2D water jet impact over a plate, a sloshing tank test case, and two experimental 3D dam break fronts, which interact with fixed obstacles. The results are compared with the available measurements and analytical solutions. We finally provide supplementary inter‐comparisons using another SPH numerical model, based on the semi‐analytical approach.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.