bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Big Tradeoff averted: five avenues to promote efficiency and equality simultaneously
Authors: Zeytoon-Nejad Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSociety as a whole faces a host of economic tradeoffs, many of which emerge around economic policies. An example of tradeoffs that any society faces in many economic realms is the tradeoff between economic efficiency and income equality (aka the efficiency-equality tradeoff). This tradeoff has been called “the Big Tradeoff” by the esteemed economist Arthur Okun, who also termed it “the Double Standard of a Capitalist Democracy.” Although the efficiency-equality tradeoff is more or less an inevitable tradeoff in most societal settings and economic contexts, there are still some special circumstances in which this tradeoff can be avoided. This paper identifies five such avenues and elaborates on why and how the tradeoff between these two somewhat contradictory societal goals—efficiency and equality—can be deftly averted under the mentioned circumstances. These avenues with their transformative potential can and should be used so that a capitalist society as an integrated whole can promote both efficiency and equality at the same time under these scenarios and avoid facing the Big Tradeoff in cases where it is evitable. Static and dynamic economic models are developed, solved, and applied to facilitate the articulation and exposition of the main points of each solution with formal rigor and logical coherence. Finally, policy implications are discussed.
Stability and genetic parameters for cassava yield attributes in the tropical humid region of Brazil
Authors: Sampaio Filho Juraci Souza , de Souza Campos Marcos , de Oliveira Eder Jorge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe performance differences in cassava genotypes arising from genotype vs. environment interactions (G × E) often lead to responses that are significantly lower than expected for selection. The objective of this study was to evaluate different stability methods, both parametric and non-parametric, such as additive main-effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), main effect of genotypes plus G × E (GGE), and weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB), in order to quantify the G × E in multi-environmental trials. A total of 12 genotypes were assessed across 12 environments using a completely randomized block design, with three replicates for traits such as fresh root yield (FRY) and dry matter content in the roots (DMC). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Scott Knott test (p < 0.05). The sum of squares (SQ) of genotypes, environment, and G × E effects were equally distributed for FRY, whereas for DMC, these effects accounted for 64.1%, 21.9%, and 13.8% of the SQ, respectively, indicating a lower environmental effect on this characteristic. Using the AMMI, GGE, and WAASB methods, genotypes with high agronomic performance and stability for FRY (BR11-34–41 and BR11-34–69) (> 32 t ha−1) and DMC (BRS Novo Horizonte, BR12-107–002, and BR11-24–156) (> 37%) were identified. The broad-sense heritability ($${h}^{2}$$

h

2

) for FRY and DMC was estimated to be 0.45 and 0.75, respectively. Approximately 72% of the methods identified BRS Novo Horizonte as the genotype with the highest stability and performance for DMC, while 47% identified genotypes BR11-34–41 and BR11-34–69 for FRY and intermediate DMC. Genotype BR11-24–156 exhibited high static stability according to 50% of the methods. Significant correlations were observed between stability and agronomic performance across the different methods, enabling the formation of groups based on stability concepts. Additionally, it was found that two mega-environments existed for FRY, whereas DMC displayed a single mega-environment with similar patterns, indicating an absence of G × E. We identified superior genotypes that could be promoted to national performance trials to develop stable cultivars with better yield attributes in cassava.
Investigation of the microstructural behavior of Al–Mg–Si(X)–Mn aluminum alloys based on biaxial hot tensile tests
Authors: Lypchanskyi Oleksandr , Kurri Nikhil Reddy , Korpała Grzegorz , Augustyn Bogusław , Kapinos Dawid , Prahl Ulrich 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the microstructural behavior of laboratory-produced Al–Mg–Si(X)–Mn aluminum alloys, focusing on the influence of varying Si content during biaxial hot tensile testing. Alloys with Si contents of 0.7%, 0.9%, and 1.3% were subjected to biaxial deformation at temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. Using digital image correlation analysis, the impact of Si content on microstructural evolution under biaxial tensile loading was analyzed. Force–displacement analysis revealed a consistent inverse relationship between temperature and the maximum force required to initiate strain. At the temperature of 200 °C, the Al–Mg–Si(1.3)–Mn alloy required a maximum force of 1500 N, while at the temperature of 400 °C this force decreased to 900 N. The degree of anisotropy varied, with higher Si alloys exhibiting increased resistance to deformation in the transverse direction. In particular, the Al–Mg–Si(1.3)–Mn alloy showed pronounced strain anisotropy, with large major true strain φ1 values reaching up to 0.32 at 400 °C, compared to 0.26 at 300 °C and 0.2 at 200 °C. Microstructural analysis using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) showed minimal changes at low temperatures, while increased dislocation density and grain boundary distortion were observed at elevated temperatures. The β-Mg2Si precipitates, influenced by Si content and temperature, significantly affected the mechanical properties. In the Al–Mg–Si(0.7)–Mn alloy, precipitates were predominantly 1–3 µm in diameter, whereas in the Al–Mg–Si(1.3)–Mn alloy, precipitates grew to 4–8 µm at higher Si content. These findings provide critical insights into the mechanical response and deformation mechanisms of aluminum alloys under biaxial tensile conditions, essential for optimizing material performance in engineering applications.

Graphical abstract
Balancing Risks and Benefits: Stakeholder Perspective on Managing Non-Native Tree Species in the European Alpine Space
Authors: Hazarika Reneema , Lapin Katharina , Bindewald Anja , Vaz Ana Sofia , Marinšek Aleksander , La Porta Nicola , Detry Patricia , Berger Frédéric , Barič Darja , Simčič Anica , Vacik Harald 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor centuries, non-native tree (NNT) species have been planted throughout Europe for ecosystem services including timber and urban greenery. Public interest in NNTs has recently increased due to their potential role in climate change adaptation as alternatives to vulnerable native forest tree species. However, opinions regarding the benefits and risks of European NNTs differ. Understanding stakeholder perceptions is crucial for guiding adaptive forest management, especially in sensitive ecosystems like the European Alpine Space. To assess awareness and perception, a structured questionnaire was administered to 456 respondents from six countries in the European Alpine Space. Most respondents were aware of the origin of native and NNT species in their area. NNTs and invasive-NNTs were primarily found in urban regions, with a perceived increase in their occurrence over the past 25 years. With some exceptions, such as Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, the most common NNTs were generally perceived as potentially invasive. The perception of the invasiveness of NNTs correlated with their perceived risks and benefits on ecosystem services. The respondents who were unconcerned about invasiveness believed NNTs had a positive impact on provisioning services like timber, while those concerned about invasiveness perceived their negative effects on regulating cultural ecosystem services such as native biodiversity and landscape aesthetics. Overall, most respondents were conservative, opposing the promotion of NNTs, even in biodiversity-poor areas. Most stakeholders also believe that NNT regulations should prioritize their sustainable use and management rather than focusing solely on an invasive-centric narrative.
Health system reform and path-dependency: how ideas constrained change in South Africa’s national health insurance policy process
Authors: Whyle Eleanor Beth , Olivier Jill 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPath-dependency theory says that complex systems, such as health systems, are shaped by prior conditions and decisions, and are resistant to change. As a result, major policy changes, such as health system reform, are often only possible in policy windows—moments of transition or contextual crisis that re-balance social power dynamics and enable the consideration of new policy ideas. However, even in policy windows there can be resistance to change. In this paper, we consider the role of ideas in constraining change. We draw on political science theory on the dynamic relationship between foreground ideas (policy programmes and frames) and background ideas (deeply held collective cognitive and normative beliefs) to better understand how ideas exert influence independently of the contextual conditions that give rise to them or the actors that espouse them. To do so, we examine two apparent policy windows in the South African National Health Insurance policy process. The analysis reveals how ideas can become institutionalised in organisations and procedures (such as policy instruments or provider networks), and in intangible cultural norms—becoming hegemonic and uncontested ideas that shape the attitudes and perspectives of policy actors. In this way, ideas operate as independent variables, constraining change across policy windows. While health policy analysts increasingly recognise the influence of ideational variables in policy processes, they tend to conceptualise ideas as tools actors wield to drive change. This analysis reveals the importance of considering ideas (values, norms, and beliefs) as persistent features of the policy-making context that constrain actors.
Designing to support equity-as-transformation perspectives for multilingual science learners
Authors: Pierson Ashlyn , Keifert D. Teo , Daniel Bethany , Lee Sarah , Jen Tessaly , Bell Adam , Johnson Heather , Askew Rachel , Henrie Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how researchers and teachers in a multi-year professional development program shifted their conceptualizations of equity. Following (Grapin et al (2023) Sci Educ 107:999–1032), we ground our analysis in two conceptualizations of equity that exist across fields: equity-as-access (learners should have access to disciplinary knowledge, practices, and career paths) and equity-as-transformation (learners should transform what it means to learn and participate in disciplines). In this study, we describe a professional development (PD) design initially intended to support equitable science teaching and learning by focusing on representations. This initial framing did not distinguish between conceptions of equity-as-access versus equity-as-transformation. As a result, the PD did not provide facilitators or teachers with resources for ideological sensemaking towards equity-as-transformation. Catalyzed by teachers’ request for PD focused on multilingual learners (MLs), we noticed aspects of our design that offered only images of equity-as-access. In response, we designed activities for teachers that offered space and resources for considering equity-as-transformation. As a case study (Yin (2014) Case study research: design and methods, SAGE) using interaction analysis (Jordan and Henderson (1995) J Learn Sci 4:39–103) of PD videos, we describe how we PD activities and facilitation strategies to integrate transformative conceptualizations of equity. These findings have implications for both research and practice. In terms of research, they demonstrate the importance of using multiple lenses to consider equity in science classrooms. In terms of practice, they underscore the importance of providing teachers with opportunities to explicitly connect new perspectives of equity with day-to-day experiences of classroom teaching.
Natural and anthropogenic impact on the microclimate and particulate matter in the UNESCO show cave
Authors: Miler Miloš , Zupančič Nina , Šebela Stanka , Jarc Simona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract Particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) and microclimatic parameters (air temperature, CO2) were monitored in the Škocjan Caves (Slovenia). The effects of tourist visits on the PM concentrations and the cave’s microclimate are immediate and direct, but these values normalise relatively quickly. The results showed seasonal, diurnal, and spatial differences in all parameters studied. Due to the higher number of visitors, their influence on the cave’s microclimate and PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations is greater in summer than in winter. The measured PM1 levels depend on the ventilation in the cave, as air transport plays an important role in their introduction into the cave. PM consists of minerals of natural origin resulting from the re-suspension of cave sediments due to strong air currents generated by the opening of the doors to tourists and their walks. The second most common influence is the anthropogenic phases originating from maintenance work in the cave, electronic devices, cave lighting and emissions from outside the cave (aerosols from the polluted Reka River, industry, traffic, gypsum waste disposal). In order to upgrade the sustainable use of the UNESCO-listed Škocjan Caves for tourism, we propose regular monitoring of PM and a detailed characterization of individual PMs and their sources, in addition to monitoring of the cave’s microclimate and biology.
Re-intermediation of the crypto asset ecosystem by banks: An empirical study on acceptance drivers among the populace
Authors: Zeiß Christian , Schaschek Myriam , Straub Lisa , Tomitza Christoph , Winkelmann Axel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAfter the initial surge in decentralized finance, widespread public adoption did not materialize. A predominant portion of the populace harbors distrust towards the crypto asset market. Conversely, banks, serving as intermediaries in financial management, enjoy heightened trust. The contemporary development within the banking sector indicates an inclination towards integrating into the crypto asset market. This integration results in new business models for banking institutions and emergent opportunities for their clientele. Prior research addresses perceptions surrounding cryptocurrencies. The present research augments this field by investigating the acceptance of crypto assets. Specifically, we conducted an empirical user study to analyze investing behaviors. By adapting the theoretical framework of the technology acceptance model to the unique characteristics of crypto assets, we highlight acceptance drivers. Notable variances in awareness of crypto assets affect investment decisions. The findings of this study contribute to social welfare by identifying impediments to sustainable investment practices. Additionally, these insights facilitate a more sophisticated comprehension of strategic alternatives available to banking institutions.
Cortical thickness and childhood eating behaviors: differences according to sex and age, and relevance for eating disorders
Authors: Breton Edith , Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Jeon Seun , Evans Alan , Booij Linda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the association between childhood eating behaviors and cortical morphology, in relation to sex and age, in a community sample.

Methods
Neuroimaging data of 71 children (mean age = 9.9 ± 1.4 years; 39 boys/32 girls) were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample. Emotional overeating, food fussiness, and emotional undereating were assessed using the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Cortical thickness was obtained at 81,924 vertices covering the entire cortex. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used for statistical analysis.

Results
There was a significant effect of sex in the association between cortical thickness and emotional overeating (localized at the right postcentral and bilateral superior parietal gyri). Boys with more emotional overeating presented cortical thickening, whereas the opposite was observed in girls (p < 0.05). Different patterns of association were identified between food fussiness and cortical thickness (p < 0.05). The left rostral middle frontal gyrus displayed a positive correlation with food fussiness from 6 to 8 years, but a negative correlation from 12 to 14 years. Emotional undereating was associated with cortical thickening at the left precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left insula (p < 0.05) with no effect of sex or age.

Conclusions
Leveraging on a community sample, findings support distinct patterns of associations between eating behaviors and cortical thickness, depending on sex and age.
Perspectives of Secondary School Mathematics Teachers on the Implications of Streaming
Authors: van Beusekom Lars , Ingram Naomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStreaming is a divisive pedagogy in New Zealand due to the varied definitions of streaming, the ways streaming is perceived to influence the educational experience of young people, and the complexity of teaching students at a range of achievement levels. This article aims to gain an understanding of secondary school mathematicsteachers? perspectives on streaming. Fifty-four secondary school mathematics teachers from across New Zealand were surveyed. The participants described a range of implications of streaming on their own practice, and a wide range of academic, affective and social implications of streaming on students, which showed that there is division amongst teachers around streaming. These implications often implied that teachers have narrow and homogeneous expectations of students in a streamed class. Further research could focus specifically on the homogeneous expectations of teachers in streamed classes.
Organic matter decay and bacterial community succession in mangroves under simulated climate change scenarios
Authors: Solano Juanita H. , Moitinho Marta A. , Chiaramonte Josiane B. , Bononi Laura , Packer Ana Paula , Melo Itamar S. , Dini-Andreote Francisco , Tsai Siu Mui , Taketani Rodrigo G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMangroves are coastal environments that provide resources for adjacent ecosystems due to their high productivity, organic matter decomposition, and carbon cycling by microbial communities in sediments. Since the industrial revolution, the increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) released due to fossil fuel burning led to many environmental abnormalities such as an increase in average temperature and ocean acidification. Based on the hypothesis that climate change modifies the microbial diversity associated with decaying organic matter in mangrove sediments, this study aimed to evaluate the microbial diversity under simulated climate change conditions during the litter decomposition process and the emission of GHG. Thus, microcosms containing organic matter from the three main plant species found in mangroves throughout the State of São Paulo, Brazil (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia schaueriana) were incubated simulating climate changes (increase in temperature and pH). The decay rate was higher in the first seven days of incubation, but the differences between the simulated treatments were minor. GHG fluxes were higher in the first ten days and higher in samples under increased temperature. The variation in time resulted in substantial impacts on α-diversity and community composition, initially with a greater abundance of Gammaproteobacteria for all plant species despite the climate conditions variations. The PCoA analysis reveals the chronological sequence in β-diversity, indicating the increase of Deltaproteobacteria at the end of the process. The GHG emission varied in function of the organic matter source with an increase due to the elevated temperature, concurrent with the rise in the Deltaproteobacteria population. Thus, these results indicate that under the expected climate change scenario for the end of the century, the decomposition rate and GHG emissions will be potentially higher, leading to a harmful feedback loop of GHG production. This process can happen independently of an impact on the bacterial community structure due to these changes.
Current trends of blockchain technology: architecture, applications, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Abrar Iram , Sheikh Javaid A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlockchain technology has gained attention in recent times owing to its ability to revolutionize traditional trade through its distributed ledger attribute. The prompt advancement of blockchain demands new systematic studies to investigate and analyze the existing knowledge in this domain. In the current work, the present standing and emerging trends of blockchain have been analyzed to direct both new and experienced researchers in establishing a baseline for future research projects. Likewise, the research advancement of consensus protocol was reviewed with a particular emphasis on their security perspective. Accordingly, the attributes, appropriate scenarios, and probable weaknesses of different consensus protocols and their future trends were reviewed. This helps in scrutinizing how blockchain technology can be applied to a variety of emerging fields, including economics, healthcare, information systems, wireless networks, and smart grids. Additionally, the current evaluation provides a throughout discussion of blockchain applications in various fields. Finally, the paper offers a brief insight into limitations and prospective future development in this domain. Overall, the aim is to aid newbies in investigating and scheming new solutions while considering the present demands and issues.
Navigating Intercultural Communication in the Media Landscape: Challenging Stereotypes and Cultivating Critical Perspectives—Hall Model as the Framework
Authors: Ni Yuwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis brief commentary delves into the intricate dynamics of intercultural communication within the realm of media influence, emphasising the importance of critical analysis and resistance to stereotypes. Drawing on Stuart Hall’s encoding-decoding model, the essay explores how audiences engage with media narratives from multiple perspectives, including dominant, negotiated, and oppositional readings. By examining two news through Hall’s model, the analysis reveals how audiences challenge prevailing stereotypes and biases, promoting a more nuanced understanding of complex social issues. The commentary highlights the role of the media in shaping identity dynamics and underscores the significance of audience agency in interpreting and responding to media messages. Through a nuanced analysis of media content, this essay contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between media representations, audience perceptions, and cultural identities in the contemporary communication landscape.