bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relating physico‐chemical properties of frozen green peas (Pisum sativum L.) to sensory quality
Authors: Nleya Kathleen M , Minnaar Amanda , de Kock Henriëtte L 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe acceptability of frozen green peas depends on their sensory quality. There is a need to relate physico‐chemical parameters to sensory quality. In this research, six brands of frozen green peas representing product sold for retail and caterer's markets were purchased and subjected to descriptive sensory evaluation and physico‐chemical analyses (including dry matter content, alcohol insoluble solids content, starch content, °Brix, residual peroxidase activity, size sorting, hardness using texture analysis and colour measurements) to assess and explain product quality.RESULTSThe sensory quality of frozen green peas, particularly texture properties, were well explained using physico‐chemical methods of analysis notably alcohol insoluble solids, starch content, hardness and °Brix. Generally, retail class peas were of superior sensory quality to caterer's class peas although one caterer's brand was comparable to the retail brands. Retail class peas were sweeter, smaller, greener, more moist and more tender than the caterer's peas. Retail class peas also had higher °Brix, a*, hue and chroma values; lower starch, alcohol insoluble solids, dry matter content and hardness measured.CONCLUSIONSThe sensory quality of frozen green peas can be partially predicted by measuring physico‐chemical parameters particularly °Brix and to a lesser extent hardness by texture analyser, alcohol insoluble solids, dry matter and starch content. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Photopolymerizable Monomer Miniemulsions: Why Does Droplet Size Matter?
Authors: Jasinski Florent , Lobry Emeline , Chemtob Abraham , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Criqui Adrien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn monomer miniemulsions, droplet size is a key parameter impacting the optical properties, and consequently their photopolymerizability under UV light. Three simple spectrophotometric methodologies are developed, based on an integrating sphere, to evaluate precisely the effect of droplet size on radiation absorption and scattering, which both contribute to light attenuation. Using a series of diluted acrylate monomer miniemulsions ranging from 40 to 300 nm, all the methods converge toward a constant absorption coefficient, comparable with that in solution. In contrast, a droplet‐size decrease causes a significant and progressive reduction of the scattering coefficient, with a positive effect on light penetration.magnified image
The Interplay of Information Diagnosticity and Need for Cognitive Closure in Determining Choice Confidence
Authors: Andrews Demetra 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis research augments efforts to produce a richer understanding of the drivers of choice confidence. It investigates the interplay of a contextual factor that is readily influenced by marketing channel members (i.e., information diagnosticity) and an individual difference variable that alters the nature and extent of information processing (i.e., Need for Cognitive Closure; NFCC). Findings from two experimental studies demonstrate a positive influence of NFCC on choice confidence when information diagnosticity is low, but not when it is high. Furthermore, at high levels of NFCC, the influence of information diagnosticity is fully attenuated such that people with high NFCC derive equivalent choice confidence from information that is high or low in diagnosticity. The NFCC effect appears to operate by undermining the influence of information diagnosticity on perceptions of information adequacy and performance expectations. This research holds implications for marketing communications strategy, targeted marketing practices, and public policy.
Shopping Orientation and Mindsets: How Motivation Influences Consumer Information Processing During Shopping
Authors: Büttner Oliver B. , Florack Arnd , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis research examines the cognitive procedures that underlie experiential versus task‐focused shopping orientations. The authors propose that consumers with a task‐focused shopping orientation and consumers with an experiential shopping orientation apply different cognitive procedures during shopping. Studies 1, 2, and 3 show that consumers with a task‐focused shopping orientation are more likely to activate the cognitive procedures of an implemental mindset, whereas consumers with an experiential shopping orientation are more likely to activate the cognitive procedures of a deliberative mindset. Study 4 demonstrates a fit effect between activated cognitive procedures and shopping orientation. Activating a mindset that matches the shopping orientation increases the monetary value that consumers assign to a product. The studies extend previous research by linking shopping orientations to mindsets and by providing evidence for mindset fit. The findings suggest that marketers and retailers will benefit from addressing experiential and task‐focused shoppers via the mindsets that underlie their shopping orientation.
Shame‐Free Guilt Appeals: Testing the Emotional and Cognitive Effects of Shame and Guilt Appeals
Authors: Boudewyns Vanessa , Turner Monique M. , Paquin Ryan S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough many health communication researchers use the terms “shame” and “guilt” interchangeably, arguably these constructs are distinct and have widely divergent psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to explore distinct cognitive and emotional outcomes resulting from shame relative to guilt appeals. Specifically, this paper provides empirical evidence that negative outcomes such as anger and perceived manipulative intent are more likely to be associated with shame than guilt. Using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to view either a shame or a guilt appeal about getting tested for STDs and completed an online questionnaire. Shame was correlated with both anger and perceived manipulative intent whereas guilt was not. Participants who viewed the shame appeal reported higher levels of shame, anger, and perceived manipulative intent. Tactics for creating shame‐free guilt appeals and future research are discussed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Redox‐Responsive Polymers‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Their Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Sun Jiao‐Tong , Piao Ji‐Gang , Wang Long‐Hai , Javed Mohsin , Hong Chun‐Yan , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: July 2013

A versatile one‐pot strategy for the preparation of reversibly cross‐linked polymer‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) via surface reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is presented for the first time in this paper. The less reactive monomer oligo(ethylene glycol) acrylate (OEGA) and the more reactive cross‐linker N,N′‐cystaminebismethacrylamide (CBMA) are chosen to be copolymerized on the external surfaces of RAFT agent‐functionalized MSNs to form the cross‐linked polymer shells. Owing to the reversible cleavage and restoration of disulfide bonds via reduction/oxidation reactions, the polymer shells can control the on/off switching of the nanopores and regulate the drug loading and release. The redox‐responsive release of doxorubicin (DOX) from this drug carrier is realized. The protein adsorption, in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and endocytosis studies demonstrate that this biocompatible vehicle is a potential candidate for delivering drugs. It is expected that this versatile grafting strategy may help fabricate satisfying MSN‐based drug delivery systems for clinical application.
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Modulation of the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) via Cyclodextrin Host/Guest Interactions
Authors: Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Hetzer Martin , Ritter Helmut , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2013

The modulation of the cloud point of aqueous poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) solutions via the formation of supramolecular cyclodextrin complexes with hydrophobic end groups, namely adamantyl, tert‐butyl phenyl and azobenzene, synthesized via RAFT polymerization is described. The dependence of the apparent cloud points after cyclodextrin complexation is investigated with respect to the type and quantity of the guest end group, the polymer chain length and the cyclodextrin/end group ratio. Furthermore, the effect is reversed via the addition of guest molecules or via biocompatible enzymatic degradation of the cyclodextrins entire.
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Protein Remote Homology Detection by Combining Chou’s Pseudo Amino Acid Composition and Profile‐Based Protein Representation
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Xiaolong , Zou Quan , Dong Qiwen , Chen Qingcai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractProtein remote homology detection is a key problem in bioinformatics. Currently the discriminative methods, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) can achieve the best performance. The most efficient approach to improve the performance of SVM‐based methods is to find a general protein representation method that is able to convert proteins with different lengths into fixed length vectors and captures the different properties of the proteins for the discrimination. The bottleneck of designing the protein representation method is that native proteins have different lengths. Motivated by the success of the pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) proposed by Chou, we applied this approach for protein remote homology detection. Some new indices derived from the amino acid index (AAIndex) database are incorporated into the PseAAC to improve the generalization ability of this method. Finally, the performance is further improved by combining the modified PseAAC with profile‐based protein representation containing the evolutionary information extracted from the frequency profiles. Our experiments on a well‐known benchmark show this method achieves superior or comparable performance with current state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Soy fiber improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Xiaojie , Gao Jinlong , Zhang Qianyuan , Fu Yuanqing , Li Kelei , Zhu Shankuan , Li Duo 
Published: July 2013

ScopeStudies have suggested that food rich in dietary fiber may facilitate body weight loss, lower total and LDL‐cholesterol levels, and reduce body fat. This study examined the effects of soy fiber (SF) on body weight, body composition, and blood lipids in overweight and obese participants.Methods and resultsThirty‐nine overweight and obese college adults (19–39 years of age) were randomly assigned to consume control biscuits or biscuits supplemented with SF for their breakfast for 12 wk (approximately 100 g/day). There were significant differences in changes on body weight, BMI, and LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) between the two groups after 12‐wk intervention (p < 0.05). The changes of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and glucose, body fat, and trunk fat of participants in SF group were observed significantly after 12 wk.ConclusionSF had favorable effects on body weight, BMI, and fasting LDL‐C levels in overweight and obese adults. These effects may be beneficial in antiobesity and the improvement of hyperlipidemia and hypertension (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number—NCT01802840).
Epigenetic control of cell fate in mouse blastocysts: The role of covalent histone modifications and chromatin remodeling
Authors: Paul Soumen , Knott Jason G. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe first cell‐fate decision in mammalian preimplantation embryos is the segregation of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell lineages. The ICM develops into the embryo proper, whereas the TE ensures embryo implantation and is the source of the extra‐embryonic trophoblast cell lineages, which contribute to the functional components of the placenta. The development of a totipotent zygote into a multi‐lineage blastocyst is associated with the generation of distinct transcriptional programs. Several key transcription factors participate in the ICM and TE‐specific transcriptional networks, and recent studies indicate that post‐translational histone modifications as well as ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling complexes converge with these transcriptional networks to regulate ICM and TE lineage specification. This review will discuss our current understanding and future perspectives related to transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that are implicated in the initial mammalian lineage commitment steps, with a focus on events in mice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 171–182, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The nature and extent of working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Cao Xiao‐yan , Li Zhi , Metcalfe Hugo M. , Yang Tian‐xiao , Tan Shu‐ping , Wang Ya , Hong Xiao‐hong , Li Zhan‐jiang , Yu Xin , Cheung Eric F. C. , Neumann David L. , Shum David H. K. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to examine verbal and visual‐spatial working memory (WM) dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. We compared 60 patients with schizophrenia with 57 healthy controls (matched for age, educational level, and IQ) on three WM tasks. Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly more poorly than healthy controls on verbal, visual, and spatial WM tests. Moreover, WM deficits were inversely associated with both the positive and negative symptoms of the patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that there are pervasive WM impairments in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, clinical features may play a significant role in the expression of WM deficits.
Effect of Solids Loading on Resonant Mixed Al‐Bi2O3 Nanothermite Powders
Authors: Nellums Robert R. , Terry Brandon C. , Tappan Bryce C. , Son Steven F. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSensitive nanoenergetic powders, such as nanothermites, have traditionally been processed by ultrasonic mixing of very low solids loaded suspensions in organic solvents, which has restricted their use and application due to high solvent content and associated handling issues. In this work, we report on the performance and mixing quality of nanothermite mixtures prepared in a LabRAM resonant mixer at high solids loadings as compared to ultrasonic mixing. Specifically, the aluminum‐bismuth(III) oxide (Al/Bi2O3) system processed in the polar solvent N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) was investigated. It was found that the performance and overall quality of mixing was strongly correlated to the volumetric solids loading during processing; increasing volumetric solids loading decreases separation of particles, leading to more particle interaction and more intimate mixing. The measured performance of this system processed at 30 vol‐% was similar to traditionally ultrasonicated mixtures. Increasing the solids loading above 30 vol‐% yielded diminishing returns in performance and may introduce additional safety concerns since dry powders are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge. This mixing approach uses significantly less solvent than traditional ultrasonic mixing, results in a higher density final material, and is amenable to scaling. In addition, solvent wetted nanothermite mixed at 30 vol‐% solids loading can be mixed and deposited from a single applicator and was observed to be over five orders of magnitude less sensitive to electrostatic discharge than dry powders. This relative insensitivity enables the safe deposition of high density nanothermite ink onto devices.
Phosphor Alloyed CrMnNi Austenitic As‐cast Stainless Steel with TRIP/TWIP Effect
Authors: Jahn Andreas , Steinhoff Karl‐Philipp , Dubberstein Tobias , Franke Peter , Weider Marco , Wolf Steffen , Kovalev Alexander , Glage Alexander , Weiß Andreas , Schärfl Wolfgang , Eigenfeld Klaus , Krüger Lutz , Scheller Piotr R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the present work the influence of phosphor on the flowability, the effect on the infiltration of ZrO2 open foam ceramics and the martensite formation as well as the resulting mechanical properties of high alloyed CrMnNi as‐cast steels is studied. Additionally, the effect of phosphor on surface tension is investigated. The study is performed using thermodynamic calculations, static tensile tests, notch‐bar impact tests, optical light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, electron backscatter diffraction, and the magnetic scale for the detection of ferromagnetic phase fractions. Maximum bubble pressure method is used to measure the surface tension of the liquid steel. The martensite phase fraction is not significantly influenced with increasing phosphor content. The flowability and the quality of the infiltration of open foam ceramics are improved with increasing phosphor contents. The investigated specimens show an increasing yield and an ultimate tensile strength with higher phosphor contents. The uniform and the fracture elongation as well as the notch impact resistance remain at high values. Moreover, an increase in phosphor content did not significantly change the surface tension of the investigated CrMnNi alloys.
Private‐sector responses to climate change in the Global South
Authors: Pulver Simone , Benney Tabitha 
Published: July 2013

What is the private sector response to climate change in the Global South? And what has motivated action? The Carbon Disclosure Project and Clean Development Mechanism registries offer some systematic data in response to the first question. Despite limitations to both data sources, they show that private sector action on climate change clusters in China, India, Brazil and other large industrializing countries. Four drivers–physical, regulatory, market, and reputational–offer answers to the second question. In the more developed countries of the Global South, corporate action is driven primarily by the prospect of domestic climate regulation—some large developing countries have pledged greenhouse gas emissions reductions by 2020—and by the market opportunities created by the Clean Development Mechanism. In the less developed countries, barriers related to weak regulatory environments, low levels of industrialization and growth, restricted access to capital, and limited technical capacity intersect to limit private‐sector action on climate change. Looking to the future, the lack of depth and breadth in the push for corporate action on climate change in the Global South suggests reasons for concern. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:479–496. doi: 10.1002/wcc.240This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
miR‐122 Promotion of the hepatitis C virus life cycle: sound in the silence
Authors: Wilson Joyce A. , Huys Adam 
Published: July 2013

The unusual role for miR‐122 in promoting the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle was first identified in 2005, but its mechanism of action remains uncharacterized. The virus appears to use the microRNA (miRNA) in a way that is opposed to that of normal miRNAs. Instead of interacting with sequences in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), miR‐122 binds to two sites in the 5′‐UTR, and instead of silencing gene expression or promoting the degradation of the viral RNA, it stabilizes the genome and potently augments the efficiency by which HCV RNA accumulates in infected cells. This review discusses the current knowledge and models for the mechanism by which miR‐122 promotes the HCV life cycle. Annealing of miR‐122 to the HCV genome requires particular base pairing, stimulates translation, and stabilizes the viral genome by blocking degradation by host exonucleases, but these functions are unlikely to be the whole story. We will discuss other possible functions for miR‐122, the stages of the HCV life cycle at which miR‐122 may influence HCV, and other related viruses that may be similarly regulated by miR‐122. Despite our lack of detailed mechanistic information, antagonism of miR‐122 is emerging as a powerful method to inhibit HCV infections, and unique to other HCV treatment strategies does not, thus far, appear to induce emergence of escape mutants. Used alone or in combination with other antiviral drugs, miR‐122 antagonists could be useful to both inhibit the virus and provide selective pressure to inhibit the development of resistance. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:665–676. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1186This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
High Yield Synthesis, Detailed Spectroscopic Characterization and Electrochemical Fate of Novel Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Ullah Imdad , Naveed Ahmad , Shah Afzal , Badshah Amin , Zia‐ur‐Rehman  , Khan Gul Shahzada , Nadeem Arif 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo new cationic surfactants, N‐(dodecanoyl(ethylammonio)carbonothioyl)‐N‐ethylbenzenaminium bromide and N‐(dodecanoyl(ethylammonio)carbonothioyl)‐N‐ethyl‐N‐phenylbenzenaminium bromide were synthesized with a high yield by the reaction of appropriate amounts of lauryl chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, amine and alkyl halides. The structures were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Cyclic, square wave and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical fate of both surfactants over a wide pH range.
Low-dimensional modelling of high-Reynolds-number shear flows incorporating constraints from the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Balajewicz Maciej J. , Dowell Earl H. , Noack Bernd R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe generalize the POD-based Galerkin method for post-transient flow data by incorporating Navier–Stokes equation constraints. In this method, the derived Galerkin expansion minimizes the residual like POD, but with the power balance equation for the resolved turbulent kinetic energy as an additional optimization constraint. Thus, the projection of the Navier–Stokes equation on to the expansion modes yields a Galerkin system that respects the power balance on the attractor. The resulting dynamical system requires no stabilizing eddy-viscosity term – contrary to other POD models of high-Reynolds-number flows. The proposed Galerkin method is illustrated with two test cases: two-dimensional flow inside a square lid-driven cavity and a two-dimensional mixing layer. Generalizations for more Navier–Stokes constraints, e.g. Reynolds equations, can be achieved in straightforward variation of the presented results.