bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Assessment in Cleft Lip & Palate Patients During Orthodontic Treatment for Maxillary Protraction: A Periodontal & Microbiological Study
Authors: Gupta Batra Shweta , Khatri Manish , Bansal Mansi , Batra Puneet , Khatri Ayush , Bint Aziz Sana 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the oral health status and microbiota of subgingival plaque in patients with surgically repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP) during orthodontic treatment for maxillary protraction with two different orthodontic appliances.DesignRandomized controlled trialSettingInstitutional.ParticipantsA total of 90 patients with surgically repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate, out of initially enrolled 120 patients, were divided into 3 groups: experimental group I, experimental group II and control group, with 30 subjects each. Patients with a history of oral prophylaxis in last 6 months or antibiotic therapy within 3 months were excluded from the study.InterventionsBone Anchored Maxillary Protraction was done in experimental group I, while facemask with acrylic occlusal splint was used for maxillary protraction in experimental group II and no orthodontic intervention in control group.Mean Outcome MeasuresPlaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Depth (PD), and microbiota of subgingival plaque ( P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Veillonella and Capnocytophaga) were compared at baseline (T0) and after 8 months (T1).ResultsThe PI, GI, GBI and PD were observed to be significantly higher in experimental group II followed by experimental group I as compared to control group at 8 months interval ( P < .001). The microbiota counts increased significantly in experimental group II and experimental group I ( P < .001), as compared to control group.ConclusionMaxillary protraction with facemask and bone plates was found to be a better alternative than facemask with occlusal splint, considering the overall oral health of patients with CLP.
Review of Current Techniques of Cleft Palate Repair Concerning Palatal Innervation: A Preliminary Assumption
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , labib alnakib Nasser , Quriba Amal S. , Sweed Ahmed Hassan , el Shora Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Objective To highlight the possible surgical steps that could affect the neural supply of soft palate and velopharyngeal sphincter during Furlow palatoplasty and posteriorly-based myo-mucosal buccal flaps in patients with persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency after primary cleft palate repair. Design Institution-based retrospective study Setting Academic Medical Center Patients Non-syndromic patients with persistent hypernasality (after primary cleft palate repair) who had Furlow palatoplasty or posteriorly-based buccal myo-mucosal flaps and were followed up for at least 60 months after the secondary surgery. Interventions All patients were examined using a fiberoptic endoscopy, the movement of components of the velopharyngeal sphincter: soft palate, and lateral pharyngeal walls were traced on the monitor and given a score from 0–4. The pattern of VPS closure was reported whether coronal, circular, or sagittal for each case. Main outcome measures Patients’ characteristics, auditory perceptual assessment, the severity of hypernasality, intraoperative lengthening of the palate, and operative complications were recorded. Results At postoperative (at least 60 months) evaluation of the patients statistically non-significant differences were reported when comparing the pre-versus post-operative auditory perceptual assessment following both procedures ( P value ≥0.05). A greater tendency towards improvement was noticed with BF but was non-significant. Conclusion The nerve supply of the palate could be jeopardized by many techniques of primary or secondary repair of the cleft palate leaving behind a deceiving intact but weak poor-functioning palate. All efforts should be made to provide more neural-preservation techniques in primary/secondary repair of the cleft palate. Further wide-scale research is essential to have final clear conclusions.
Beyond β-Blockade: ACE Inhibitors Reduce Non-Cardiac Mortality in High Killip Grade AMI Patients
Authors: Sun Simei , Han Xiongyi , Bai Liyan , Jeong Myung Ho , Jin Cheng 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study evaluates the 3-year clinical outcomes of high Killip grade (III/IV) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with either β-blockers (BB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or BB and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Methods A total of 13,105 patients were registered at the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry at the National Institute of Health (KAMIR-NIH). Among them, 871 patients with high Killip classification AMI were divided into the BB + ACEI group (n = 489) and the BB + ARB group (n = 381). Following propensity score matching, 343 patients were selected in each group. All patients completed a 3-year follow-up period. Results The results indicate no significant differences between the BB + ACEI group and BB + ARB group in terms of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and the rate of repeat percutaneous coronary intervention. However, the BB + ACEI group exhibited significantly lower risks in major adverse cardiac events (HR = 0.574, 95% CI: 0.421–0.783, p < .001), all-cause mortality (HR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.404–0.778, p = .001), and non-cardiac death (HR = 0.365, 95% CI: 0.208–0.639, p < .001) compared to the BB + ARB group. Conclusion Our results suggest that BB + ACEI treatment is more beneficial than BB + ARB for high Killip grade AMI patients. Additionally, the BB + ACEI group has a superior preventative effect on mortality compared to the BB + ARB group.
Difference in right and left cardio-ankle vascular index as a useful marker for evaluation of leg ischemia in patients with lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Sotoda Yoko , Hirooka Shigeki , Orita Hiroyuki , Wakabayashi Ichiro 
Published: July 2024

Objectives Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a blood pressure-independent measure of heart-ankle pulse wave velocity and is used as an indicator of arterial stiffness. However, there is a paradox that CAVI is inversely associated with leg ischemia in patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of the absolute value of left and right difference in CAVI (diff-CAVI). Methods The subjects were 165 patients with LEAD who had received medication therapy. Relationships between diff-CAVI and leg ischemia were investigated. Leg ischemia was evaluated by decrease in leg arterial flow using ankle-brachial index (ABI) and by symptoms using the Rutherford classification. Results There was a significant inverse correlation between diff-CAVI and ABI. The odds ratio for low ABI of the 3rd versus 1st tertile groups of diff-CAVI was 7.03 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.71 ∼ 18.22. In ROC analysis, the cutoff value of diff-CAVI for low ABI was 1.05 with a sensitivity of 61.1% and a specificity of 87.1%. The median of diff-CAVI was significantly higher in subjects with grade 2 of the Rutherford classification than in subjects with its grade 1. Conclusions diff-CAVI showed an inverse association with ABI and a positive association with symptoms of leg ischemia. Thus, diff-CAVI is thought to be a useful indicator of leg ischemia in LEAD patients.
Neonatal complications of premature rupture of membranes in mothers receiving cefotaxime and ampicillin: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Najafi Ali , Saghafi Nafiseh , Sayedi Sayed J , Moradi Ali , Zakerihamidi Maryam 
Published: July 2024

Introduction Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is one of the most common and important causes of premature births and peripartum mortality. Maternal antibiotic treatment affects the infantile prognosis. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Ampicillin and Cefotaxime administered for the parturients on neonatal outcomes. Material and Methods A comparison between the effects of Cefotaxime and Ampicillin on infantile complications of PROM was done in this clinical trial. Two hundred and twenty parturients with PROM who needed antibiotic therapy were randomized in two groups of control (Ampicillin) and intervention (Cefotaxime) treatments. The maternal/fetal statuses up to accouchement and the infants’ status up to transfer to neonatal intensive care unit, death, or discharge from hospital were followed. The Apgar score, cardiac, respiratory and nervous systems, infection, immaturity, asphyxia, and mortality rates were compared in both groups. Results The differences between the two groups were significant in: Apgar score min1 and min5, need for resuscitation, asphyxia, need for hospitalization, infection, and mortality rate. Conclusion Administration of Cefotaxime in parturients with PROM improved the Apgar scores and decreased respiratory complications, infection, asphyxia, mortality rate, and need for ICU hospitalization in infants.
A review of mask fit testing data associated with protocols utilized in evaluating the efficacy of N95 masks for health care workers
Authors: Hook Jody , Sasko Louisa , Smith Sheree M 
Published: July 2024

Background Quantitative mask fit testing (QNFT) is the gold standard to confirm the correct fit of a N95/P2 mask to ensure health care workers protection from airborne viruses. Using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidance indicates a final fit test result is a cumulative score derived from manoeuvres within the OSHA protocol. The protocol-based manoeuvres mimic aspects of clinical care by health professionals and mask fit testing is conducted to provide protection from airborne viruses and pollutants within a care setting. Objective(s) To determine whether studies undertaking QNFT report the results of individual manoeuvres of the OSHA protocol. Methods A comprehensive search strategy for the systematic review was developed to determine eligible studies, published between May 2011 and May 2021. Two researchers independently screened all full text articles retrieved and all disagreements were resolved through discussion. Results The search found 557 studies. After removing 119 duplicates, 437 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, 411 studies were excluded. Twenty-seven full text articles were assessed for eligibility, all were excluded for the following reasons: study did not report the results of the long or short OSHA protocol (12), study did not assess mask fit using the long or short OSHA protocol (10), article type (discussion/commentary/editorial) or wrong study type (1). Despite the use of very broad search terms no eligible studies were found and the result was declared an empty review. Conclusion Internationally accepted QNFT protocols have a number of manoeuvres that reflect health care workers’ physical movements during the delivery of clinical care. Studies of mask fit testing appear to lack the reporting of outcomes for each manoeuvre with only the cumulative results being provided. This finding raises the need to understand potential risk from a mask leak during the delivery of clinical care as evidenced by failing a manoeuvre during mask fit testing. Further research is required to understand the importance of passing each mask fit testing manoeuvre and the relationship to airborne protection during the delivery of clinical care.
Computed Tomography Signs of Sinonasal Inflammation in Patients with Acute Dacryocystitis
Authors: Yu Yueqi , Zhou Guangming , Li Xinyu , Wei Jinfei , Ke Xiaoyu , Wu Linjuan , Wu Wencan , Yu Bo 
Published: July 2024

Background Nasal and paranasal sinus abnormalities may be related to nasolacrimal duct obstructive disease but are strongly debated. Data of acute disease stage are lacking. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine if there are correlations between radiologic signs of sinus inflammation and acute dacryocystitis (AD). Methods This cross-sectional controlled study was conducted at Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China from February 2021 to November 2023. Forty-four consecutive patients with AD and 50 consecutive patients with orbital tumors (the control group), who completed preoperative computed tomography scans, were enrolled to evaluate the extent of their inflammatory sinonasal disease by the modified Lund-Mackay score system. Results The inflammation signs of the paranasal sinuses (total mean sinus scores, 95% CI [0.00, 2.00]; P < 0.001), namely the anterior ethmoid sinus(95% CI [0.00, 1.00]; P < 0.001), the posterior ethmoid sinus(95% CI [0.00, 0.00]; P = 0.003), the frontal sinus (95% CI [0.00, 0.00]; P = 0.02), and the ostiomeatal complex ( P < 0.001) were more extensive in patients with AD when compared with the controls. The disease course was negatively correlated with the anterior ethmoid ( P = 0.03) and frontal scores ( P = 0.01). The symptom of eyelid swelling was positively correlated with the anterior ethmoid ( P = 0.03), ostiomeatal complex ( P = 0.004), and total sinus scores ( P = 0.005). Conclusion Inflammatory sinus disease was found to be more frequent in patients with AD, which was gradually alleviated with the prolongation of the disease course. The mutual spread of inflammation particularly in the acute course may play an important role in lacrimal duct obstructive disease.
Is Arabic online patient-centered information about dental extraction trustworthy? An infodemiological study
Authors: Othman Ahmad A. , Alassaf Muath S. , Hasubah Saad M. , Aljuhani Mohammad , Kabli Ahmad M. , Alsulaimani Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Background Assessment of the Arabic online patient-centered information is understudied. The study aims to assess the quality and readability of the Arabic web-based knowledge about dental extraction. Methods The first 100 Arabic websites focusing on dental extraction were gathered using popular terms from Google, Bing, and Yahoo searches. These sites were organized and their quality was assessed using three key standards: the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA) benchmark criteria, the DISCERN instrument, and the inclusion of the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HON code) seal. Additionally, the ease of reading of these websites was evaluated through various online readability indexes. Results Out of 300 initially reviewed websites on dental extraction in Arabic, 80 met the eligibility criteria. Nonprofit organizations were most common (41.3%), followed by university/medical centers (36.3%), and commercial entities (21.3%). Government organizations were minimally represented (1.3%). All websites were medically oriented, with 60% offering Q&A sections. Quality assessment showed moderate scores on the DISCERN instrument, with no site reaching the highest score. JAMA benchmarks were poorly met, and none had the HON code seal. Readability was generally high, with most sites scoring favorably on readability scales. Conclusions The rapidly evolving online information about dental extraction lacks readability and quality and can spread misinformation. Creators should focus on clear, unbiased content using simple language for better public understanding.
Diagnostic performance of generative artificial intelligences for a series of complex case reports
Authors: Hirosawa Takanobu , Harada Yukinori , Mizuta Kazuya , Sakamoto Tetsu , Tokumasu Kazuki , Shimizu Taro 
Published: July 2024

Background Diagnostic performance of generative artificial intelligences (AIs) using large language models (LLMs) across comprehensive medical specialties is still unknown. Objective We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of generative AIs using LLMs in complex case series across comprehensive medical fields. Methods We analyzed published case reports from the American Journal of Case Reports from January 2022 to March 2023. We excluded pediatric cases and those primarily focused on management. We utilized three generative AIs to generate the top 10 differential-diagnosis (DDx) lists from case descriptions: the fourth-generation chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT-4), Google Gemini (previously Bard), and LLM Meta AI 2 (LLaMA2) chatbot. Two independent physicians assessed the inclusion of the final diagnosis in the lists generated by the AIs. Results Out of 557 consecutive case reports, 392 were included. The inclusion rates of the final diagnosis within top 10 DDx lists were 86.7% (340/392) for ChatGPT-4, 68.6% (269/392) for Google Gemini, and 54.6% (214/392) for LLaMA2 chatbot. The top diagnoses matched the final diagnoses in 54.6% (214/392) for ChatGPT-4, 31.4% (123/392) for Google Gemini, and 23.0% (90/392) for LLaMA2 chatbot. ChatGPT-4 showed higher diagnostic accuracy than Google Gemini ( P < 0.001) and LLaMA2 chatbot ( P < 0.001). Additionally, Google Gemini outperformed LLaMA2 chatbot within the top 10 DDx lists ( P < 0.001) and as the top diagnosis ( P = 0.010). Conclusions This study demonstrated the diagnostic performance of generative AIs including ChatGPT-4, Google Gemini, and LLaMA2 chatbot. ChatGPT-4 exhibited higher diagnostic accuracy than the other platforms. These findings suggest the importance of understanding the differences in diagnostic performance among generative AIs, especially in complex case series across comprehensive medical fields, like general medicine.
Representation and Race in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Research: Disparities in Curve Magnitude and Follow-Up
Authors: Todderud Julia E. , Jilakara Bharadwaj , Kelly Michael P. , Marks Michelle C. , Fletcher Nicholas D. , Pahys Joshua M. , Brooks Jaysson T. , Newton Peter O. ,   Harms Study Group, Larson A. Noelle 
Published: July 2024

Study Design Prospective Cohort Study. Objective The present study aims to determine if the racial representation of patients enrolled in a large prospective scoliosis registry is reflective of the general United States population. Further, we studied whether there was an association between race, pre-operative parameters, outcomes and loss to follow-up. Methods Prospectively collected data for patients who underwent spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was reviewed, including self-reported race/ethnicity. The U.S. pediatric population and U.S. patients enrolled in the prospective registry were compared. The data obtained was analyzed for variations between races, for pre-operative variables and follow-up. Results Of the 2210 included patients in the registry 66% of patients reported as White, while 52% of the 2018 U.S. pediatric population reported as White. 15% of the registry reported as Hispanic/Latino compared to 22% of the U.S. pediatric population, 13% Black compared to 14% of the U.S. pediatric population, and 4% Asian compared to 5% of the U.S. pediatric population. Asian and White patients had statistically significant higher 2-year follow-up in all but one of six enrollment sites ( P < 0.001). Native American, Other, and Hispanic/Latino patients had the highest BMIs. Native American and Black patients had the highest pre-op thoracic Cobb angles. Pre-op ages of Black, Hispanic, and Native American patients were statistically lower ( P < 0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates the association between race and patient follow-up and pre-operative factors in patients who underwent surgery for AIS. Black, Native American, and Hispanic populations were underrepresented both at pre-op and follow-up when compared to their relative proportion in the U.S. pediatric population.
Assistive Robotics for Upper Limb Physical Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Guatibonza Andrés , Solaque Leonardo , Velasco Alexandra , Peñuela Lina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhysical assistive robotics are oriented to support and improve functional capacities of people. In physical rehabilitation, robots are indeed useful for functional recovery of affected limb. However, there are still open questions related to technological aspects. This work presents a systematic review of upper limb rehabilitation robotics in order to analyze and establish technological challenges and future directions in this area. A bibliometric analysis was performed for the systematic literature review. Literature from the last six years, conducted between August 2020 and May 2021, was reviewed. The methodology for the literature search and a bibliometric analysis of the metadata are presented. After a preliminary search resulted in 820 articles, a total of 66 articles were included. A concurrency network and bibliographic analysis were provided. And an analysis of occurrences, taxonomy, and rehabilitation robotics reported in the literature is presented. This review aims to provide to the scientific community an overview of the state of the art in assistive robotics for upper limb physical rehabilitation. The literature analysis allows access to a gap of unexplored options to define the technological prospects applied to upper limb physical rehabilitation robotics.
Shallow water seeding cultivation enhances cold tolerance in tobacco seedlings
Authors: Tao Xuan , Yang Lei , Zhang Mingfa , Li Yangyang , Xiao Hanqian , Yu Lingyi , Jiang Chaowei , Long Zeyu , Zhang Yiyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCold stress can impact plant biology at both the molecular and morphological levels. We cultivated two different types of tobacco seedlings using distinct seeding methods, observing significant differences in their cold tolerance at 4 °C. After 12 h cold stress, shallow water seeding cultivation treatment demonstrates a relatively good growth state with slight wilting of the leaves. Tobacco grown using the float system exhibited short, thick roots, while those cultivated through shallow water seeding had elongated roots with more tips and forks. After cold stress, the shallow water seeding cultivation treatment demonstrated higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content.Transcriptome analysis was performed on the leaves of these tobacco seedlings at three stages of cold treatment (before cold stress, after cold stress, and after 3 days of recovery). Upon analyzing the raw data, we found that the shallow water seeding cultivation treatment was associated with significant functional enrichment of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis and NAD metabolism before cold stress, enrichment of functions related to the maintenance of cellular structure after cold stress, and substantial functional enrichment related to photosynthesis during the recovery period. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted, identifying several hub genes that may contribute to the differences in cold tolerance between the two tobacco seedlings. Hub genes related to energy conversion were predominantly identified in shallow water seeding cultivation treatment during our analysis, surpassing findings in other areas. These include the AS gene, which controls the synthesis of NAD precursors, the PED1 gene, closely associated with fatty acid β-oxidation, and the RROP1 gene, related to ATP production.Overall, our study provides a valuable theoretical basis for exploring improved methods of cultivating tobacco seedlings. Through transcriptome sequencing technology, we have elucidated the differences in gene expression in different tobacco seedlings at three time points, identifying key genes affecting cold tolerance in tobacco and providing possibilities for future gene editing.