bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of monitoring ocular hypertension based on a risk prediction tool
Authors: Wu Hangjian , Gazzard Gus , King Anthony , Morgan James , Wright David , Crabb David P , Takwoingi Yemisi , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Watson Verity , Hernández Rodolfo 
Published: August 2024

Background/AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of making treatment decisions for patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) based on a risk prediction (RP) tool in the United Kingdom.MethodsA discrete event simulation model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of an alternative care pathway in which the treatment decision was guided by a validated RP tool in secondary care against decision-making based on the standard care (SC). Individual patient sampling was used. Patients diagnosed with OHT and with an intraocular pressure of 24 mm Hg or over entered the model with a set of predefined individual characteristics related to their risk of conversion to glaucoma. These characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records (n=5740). Different stages of glaucoma were modelled following conversion to glaucoma.ResultsAlmost all (99%) patients were treated using the RP strategy, and less than half (47%) of the patients were treated using the SC strategy. The RP strategy produced higher cost but also higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) than the SC strategy. The RP strategy was cost-effective compared with the SC strategy in the base-case analysis, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio value of £11 522. The RP strategy had a 96% probability of being cost-effective under a £20 000 per QALY threshold.ConclusionsThe use of an RP tool for the management of patients with OHT is likely to be cost-effective. However, the generalisability of the result might be limited due to the high-risk nature of this cohort and the specific RP threshold used in the study.
Comparative effects of time-restricted feeding versus normal diet on physical performance and body composition in healthy adults with regular exercise habits: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Ke-wen , Dai Zi-han , Ho Robin Sze-tak , Wendy Yajun Huang , Wong Stephen Heung-Sang 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTime-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, limits daily caloric intake to a 6–12 hour window and has been shown to effectively promote weight loss and improve overall health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of TRF versus normal diet (ND) on physical performance and body composition in healthy adults with regular exercise habits.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) electronic databases were searched for relevant records. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the duration of intervention and type of exercise. Physical performance was analysed using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs, whereas body composition parameters were analysed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs. The quality of the included studies was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool version 2.Results15 randomised controlled trials with 361 participants were included in the systematic review. In comparison with the ND group, TRF significantly decreased body weight (MD=−1.76 kg, 95% CI –3.40 to −0.13, p=0.03, I2=11.0%) and fat mass (MD=−1.24 kg, 95% CI −1.87 to −0.61, p<0.001, I2=0.0%). No between-group differences in physical performance-related variables and fat-free mass were found. According to the result of the risk-of-bias assessment, one study showed a low risk of bias, 13 showed some concerns, and one showed a high risk of bias.ConclusionTRF may be a valuable nutritional strategy to optimise body composition and maintain physical performance in healthy adults engaged in regular exercise.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022310140.
Examining the relationship between different physical activities and health and well-being in middle-aged and older men: an isotemporal substitution analysis
Authors: Blake Henry T , Crozier Alyson J , Buckley Jonathan D , Stenner Brad J 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWell-being declines during men’s middle years, and while physical activity (PA) can have a positive influence, the type of PA that provides the greatest benefit is not clear. This cross-sectional study explored how participation in different types of PA is associated with the well-being and self-rated health of middle-aged and older men.MethodsA representative sample of South Australian adults completed a survey which assessed time spent in a variety of physical activities and self-rated health, life worth, life satisfaction and previous day happiness and anxiety. This study focused on a subsample of men≥35 years of age (n=1019). Partition and isotemporal substitution analyses were used to explore relationships between different types of PA and self-rated health and well-being outcomes.ResultsWeekly PA was positively associated with all outcomes among middle-aged men (35–64 years), but only with self-rated health and life satisfaction in older men (65+ years). Substituting out 30 mins of team sport participation with cycling, fitness/gym-based activities or other recreational activities was associated with higher self-rated health in middle-aged men. In older men, substituting 30 mins of dance with most other types of PA was related with greater self-rated health and life worth.ConclusionsTotal weekly PA was consistently related to the self-rated health and well-being of middle-aged men, but less so among older men. Despite some substitution effects for self-rated health, for the most part well-being was not influenced by activity substitution, particularly among middle-aged men.
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Takotsubo syndrome with cardiogenic shock: prognosis and treatment
Authors: Vila-Sanjuán Sofía , Nuñez-Gil Ivan Javier , Vedia Oscar , Corbi-Pascual Miguel , Salamanca Jorge , Martinez-Selles Manuel , Blanco Emilia , Almendro-Delia Manuel , Pérez-Castellanos Alberto , Martin-Garcia Agustin C , Tomasino Marco , Vazirani Ravi , Fernández-Cordón Clara , Duran Cambra Albert , Becerra-Muñoz Víctor Manuel , Guillén Marta , Reyes Juan Albistur , Uribarri Aitor 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPatients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) who develop cardiogenic shock may present with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The prognosis and treatment of this population have not been defined in previous studies. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation, management, evolution and prognosis of a subgroup of patients with TTS and cardiogenic shock according to whether they present with LVOTO or not.MethodsWe analysed patients with TTS recruited from 2003 to 2022 in a multicentre registry. Patients were selected if they presented cardiogenic shock during their admission. This analysis was compared according to the presence or absence of LVOTO.Results322 patients were included, 58 (18%) of whom had LVOTO. The majority were treated with vasoactive and inotropic therapy (VIT) and its use was strongly associated with having LVOTO (77.6% vs 57.6%, p<0.001). Only five (3.3%) patients without LVOTO and two (4.4%) in the LVOTO group treated with VIT developed or worsened the obstruction. Furthermore, patients with LVOTO presented higher in-hospital complications including ventricular arrhythmias (15.5% vs 8.7%, p=0.017), major bleeding (13.8% vs 6.1%, p=0.042) and acute kidney failure (48.3% vs 28.4%, p=0.003). However, at both 90 days and 5 years, the cumulative incidence of all-cause death was not significantly different between the patients with and without LVOTO (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.60 to 2.40 for 90 days, and HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.89 to 3.21 for 5 years).ConclusionsLVOTO is not uncommon in patients with TTS and cardiogenic shock. It is associated with a more aggressive in-hospital course and our data is unable to rule out an association between the presence of LVOTO and long-term prognosis of patients with TTS. The development or worsening of LVOTO directly related to inotropic or vasoactive support was low.
Nanoparticles targeting immune checkpoint protein VISTA induce potent antitumor immunity
Authors: Moon Taylor J , Ta Hieu Minh , Bhalotia Anubhuti , Paulsen Kai E , Hutchinson Diarmuid W , Arkema Gabrielle M , Choi Andrew S , Haynie Michiko G , Ogunnaike Laolu , Dever Margee , Wang Li Lily , Karathanasis Efstathios 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundImmune checkpoint protein V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) controls antitumor immunity and is a valuable target for cancer immunotherapy. Previous mechanistic studies have indicated that VISTA impairs the toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated activation of myeloid antigen-presenting cells, promoting the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and suppressing tumor-reactive cytotoxic T cell function.MethodsThe aim of this study was to develop a dual-action lipid nanoparticle (dual-LNP) coloaded with VISTA-specific siRNA and TLR9 agonist CpG oligonucleotide. We used three murine preclinical tumor models, melanoma YUMM1.7, melanoma B16F10, and colon carcinoma MC38 to assess the functional synergy of the two cargoes of the dual LNP and therapeutic efficacy.ResultsThe dual-LNP synergistically augmented antitumor immune responses and rejected large established tumors whereas LNPs containing VISTA siRNA or CpG alone were ineffective. In comparison with therapies using the soluble CpG and a VISTA-specific monoclonal antibody, the dual-LNP demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy yet with reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine production. In three murine models, the dual-LNP treatment achieved a high cure rate. Tumor rejection was associated with influx of immune cells to tumor tissues, augmented dendritic cell activation, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and improved function of cytotoxic T cells.ConclusionsOur studies show the dual-LNP ensured codelivery of its synergistic cargoes to tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, leading to simultaneous silencing of VISTA and stimulation of TLR9. As a result, the dual-LNP drove a highly potent antitumor immune response that rejected large aggressive tumors, thus may be a promising therapeutic platform for treating immune-cold tumors.
Predictors of Radial Head Dislocation in Patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses
Authors: SHINTANI Kosuke , OHIRA Chinatsu , ONISHI Yuma , HOSOMI Ryo , NAKAGAWA Keisuke , TAKAMATSU Kiyohito 
Published: August 2024

Background: Radial head dislocation in patients with multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is associated with loss of function and cosmetic problems. The treatment of the deformity with radial head dislocation is difficult and the timing of surgical intervention is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors predictive of radial head dislocation in patients with MHE. Methods: Patients diagnosed with forearm deformity due to MHE between 1995 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Radiographic parameters including radial bow (RB), ulnar bow (UB), total radial bow (TRB), total ulnar bow (TUB), percent ulnar length (PUL), ulnar shortening (US), radial articular angle (RAA), modified Masada classification and irregularity of proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) of the dislocated group (group D), that is subluxation or dislocation of the radial head, and the located group (group L) were compared. Results: A total of 18 patients and 25 limbs (5 girls and 13 boys) with a mean age of 10.5 years were included. There were significant differences in TUB (22.8° ± 5.6° vs. 10.7° ± 6.5°), PUL (97.5% ± 5.5% vs. 108.2% ± 7.7%) between group D and group L (p < 0.05). Moreover, irregularity of PRUJ on radiographs was more in group D (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It is possible that appropriate radiographic assessment in relation to radial head dislocation may prevent delayed surgical treatment of forearm deformities in MHE. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Diagnostic)
A Case of Metastatic Vulvar Choriocarcinoma Misdiagnosed as Vulvar Abscess: A Case Report
Authors: Mrema Alita , Kiwia Prudence H. , Shaban Shaban J. , Mohamed Anwar Z. , Abdallah Latifa Rajab , Kiaratu Rajabu , Mahoyogo John , Chuwa Agapiti , Mvunta David H. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Metastatic vulvar choriocarcinoma, a rare ectopic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), often presents a diagnostic challenge due to its mimicry of other conditions, particularly in resource‐limited settings. Its primary symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding without a clear cause. Consequently, diagnosing and managing it poses difficulties for many low‐resource health facilities, as evidenced by the current case.Case Presentation: We present the case of a 25‐year‐old, P2+2+2L2, who had a large painless, bleeding vulva mass for nearly 5 months. This followed a spontaneous abortion the month prior. The mass gradually increased in size and was accompanied by fever, pus discharge, and weight loss. Despite being treated at multiple health facilities for a vulvar abscess, there was no improvement. A diagnosis was finally made at a tertiary facility where elevated quantitative serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (β‐hCG) was noted. Due to uncontrollable vulva bleeding, she was referred to another tertiary facility for emergency radiotherapy. Following stabilization, chemotherapy was administered using the EMA‐CO protocol.Conclusion: The report highlights the difficulty in diagnosing vulvar choriocarcinoma, underscoring the importance of a high index of suspicion. Clinical tests such as serum (β‐hCG) and imaging studies are crucial for diagnosis. In resource‐limited settings, a simple strip‐based urine pregnancy test with serial dilutions can be sufficient for diagnosing and managing vulvar choriocarcinoma.
Galectin-9 Mediates the Functions of Microglia in the Hypoxic Brain Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Lee Chanju , Yu Dahee , Kim Hyung-Seok , Kim Ki Sun , Chang Chi Young , Yoon Hee Jung , Won Su Bin , Kim Dae Yeon , Goh Eun Ah , Lee Yong Sun , Park Jong-Bae , Kim Sang Soo , Park Eun Jung 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a multifaceted regulator of various pathophysiologic processes that exerts positive or negative effects in a context-dependent manner. In this study, we elucidated the distinctive functional properties of Gal-9 on myeloid cells within the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). Gal-9–expressing cells were abundant at the hypoxic tumor edge in the tumor-bearing ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere in an intracranial mouse brain tumor model. Gal-9 was highly expressed in microglia and macrophages in tumor-infiltrating cells. In primary glia, both the expression and secretion of Gal-9 were influenced by tumors. Analysis of a human glioblastoma bulk RNA sequencing dataset and a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from a murine glioma model revealed a correlation between Gal-9 expression and glial cell activation. Notably, the Gal-9high microglial subset was functionally distinct from the Gal-9neg/low subset in the brain TME. Gal-9high microglia exhibited properties of inflammatory activation and higher rates of cell death, whereas Gal-9neg/low microglia displayed a superior phagocytic ability against brain tumor cells. Blockade of Gal-9 suppressed tumor growth and altered the activity of glial and T cells in a mouse glioma model. Additionally, glial Gal-9 expression was regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-2α in the hypoxic brain TME. Myeloid-specific hypoxia-inducible factor-2α deficiency led to attenuated tumor progression. Together, these findings reveal that Gal-9 on myeloid cells is an immunoregulator and putative therapeutic target in brain tumors.
Significance: Galectin-9 serves as an immune checkpoint molecule that modulates the functional properties of microglia in the brain tumor microenvironment and could potentially be targeted to effectively treat brain tumors.
Patterns of Telehealth Visits After the COVID‐19 Pandemic Among Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Authors: Bhatla Anjali , Ding Jie , Mhaimeed Omar , Spaulding Erin M. , Commodore‐Mensah Yvonne , Plante Timothy B. , Shan Rongzi , Marvel Francoise A. , Martin Seth S. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Prior studies have shown that cardiovascular disease (CVD) can be effectively managed through telehealth. However, there are little national data on the use of telehealth in people with CVD or CVD risk factors. We aimed to determine the prevalence of telehealth visits and visit modality (video versus audio‐only) in people with CVD and CVD risk factors. We also assessed their rationale and satisfaction with telehealth visits.

Methods and Results
A nationally representative sample of 6252 participants from the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey 6 was used. We defined the CVD risk categories as having no self‐reported CVD (coronary heart disease or heart failure) or CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, or current smoking), CVD risk factors alone, and CVD. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for major sociodemographic factors, assessed the relationship between CVD risk and telehealth uptake. The weighted prevalence of using telehealth was 50% (95% CI, 44%–56%) for individuals with CVD and 40% (95% CI, 37%–43%) for those with CVD risk factors alone. Individuals with CVD had the highest odds of using any telehealth (audio‐only or video) (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.39–2.93]) when compared with those without CVD or CVD risk factors. Notably, 21% (95% CI, 16.3%–25.6%) of patients with CVD used audio‐only visits (adjusted OR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.55–3.64]) compared with patients without CVD or CVD risk factors.

Conclusions
In a nationally representative survey, there was high prevalence of any (video or audio‐only) telehealth visits in people with CVD, and audio‐only visits comprised a significant proportion of telehealth visits in this population.
Contrasting topologies of synchronous and asynchronous functional brain networks
Authors: McIntyre Clayton C. , Bahrami Mohsen , Shappell Heather M. , Lyday Robert G. , Fish Jeremie , Bollt Erik M. , Laurienti Paul J. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We generated asynchronous functional networks (aFNs) using a novel method called optimal causation entropy and compared aFN topology with the correlation-based synchronous functional networks (sFNs), which are commonly used in network neuroscience studies. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series from 212 participants of the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study were used to generate aFNs and sFNs. As a demonstration of how aFNs and sFNs can be used in tandem, we used multivariate mixed effects models to determine whether age interacted with node efficiency to influence connection probabilities in the two networks. After adjusting for differences in network density, aFNs had higher global efficiency but lower local efficiency than the sFNs. In the aFNs, nodes with the highest outgoing global efficiency tended to be in the brainstem and orbitofrontal cortex. aFN nodes with the highest incoming global efficiency tended to be members of the default mode network in sFNs. Age interacted with node global efficiency in aFNs and node local efficiency in sFNs to influence connection probability. We conclude that the sFN and aFN both offer information about functional brain connectivity that the other type of network does not.
Precipitation and Temperature Maxima: A Study across the Southern Great Plains Winter Wheat Region
Authors: Flanagan Paul Xavier 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the importance of agriculture to the southern Great Plains (SGPs), accurate knowledge of growing season (GS) temperatures and precipitation is critical. Previous research into GS precipitation and temperature maxima leads to the development of the asynchronous difference index (ADI) which identified positive and negative ADI GSs (March–September). The goal of this research is to further investigate the ADI within a specific agricultural region of the SGP, the winter wheat region, and to quantify the temporal evolution of temperature and precipitation during positive and negative ADI GSs. For this, Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) daily station data were analyzed across the GS (March–September) from 1900 to 2020. Results show that differences appear in the temperature and precipitation fields when comparing positive and negative GSs. Namely, positive (negative) ADI GSs show positive (negative) precipitation and negative (positive) temperature anomalies early in the GS, with these anomalies flipping in the later portion of the GS. Further, the results of this work show that the depicted changes in temperature and precipitation during positive and negative ADI GSs impact winter wheat yields. Overall, these results analyze the implications of positive and negative ADI GSs on the SGP climate, namely, the impact of the seasonal variability of daily maximum temperature and precipitation on agriculture.
Colonialism as a Social Determinant of Health in Puerto Rico: Using the Socioecological Model to Examine How the Jones Act Impacted Health After Hurricane María
Authors: Martin Jacquelyn N. , Pace Thaddeus W. W. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, making Puerto Ricans vulnerable to damaging colonial policy. The purpose of this article is to utilize the socioecological model (SEM) to evaluate how the Jones Act impacted Puerto Rico after Hurricane María, examining colonialist policy as a social determinant of health (SDOH) in Puerto Rico. Methods: Levels of the SEM used in this examination included: individual, institutional, community, policy, and context. Results: Evaluation of the Jones Act using the model demonstrated relationships between all socioecological levels. The Jones Act caused delays and increased prices for goods needed to rebuild community utility infrastructure, which led to extended closures of institutions like workplaces, schools, and hospitals, and ultimately contributed to increased acute and chronic physical and mental illness among Puerto Ricans. Discussion: This evaluation establishes that colonialist policy negatively impacts the health of Puerto Ricans, positioning colonialism as an SDOH.