bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social interaction and psychological pathways to political engagement and extremism
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , McGarty Craig , Louis Winnifred 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough psychology has recently witnessed a burgeoning interest in the predictors of social and political action generally, little research has considered the psychological mechanisms by which people come to choose extreme or radical forms of action. How and why do groups come to favor radical or extreme solutions (radicalization) over conventional political pathways (politicization)? Theory in both political science and psychology suggests that social interaction plays an important role, but this has never been demonstrated experimentally. Results (N = 114) show that social interaction can lead to both politicized and radicalized solutions but that radicalization rests on the perception that extreme action is legitimate. The findings provide the first experimental analog of the group‐based dynamics that underpin political engagement and political extremism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Platinum Nanoflowers Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes‐Graphene Hybrid Electrode
Authors: Badhulika Sushmee , Paul Rajat Kanti , Rajesh  , Terse Trupti , Mulchandani Ashok 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHere we report a platinum (Pt) nanoflowers decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)‐graphene hybrid electrode based nonenzymatic sensor for the detection of glucose. MWNTs/graphene hybrid is synthesized by a one step chemical vapor deposition process via an in situ vaporliquidsolid and surface‐catalyzed mechanisms. Electrodeposition of Pt with optimized parameters at room temperature resulted in high density flower like nanostructures of Pt uniformly distributed over the hybrid electrode. Direct oxidation of glucose takes place due to the electrocatalytic property of the Pt nanoflowers resulting in the amperometric detection of glucose in the physiological range at neutral pH. The developed sensor responded linearly to glucose over the range of 1–7 mM (R2=0.978) with a high sensitivity of 11.06 µA mM−1 cm−2.
Electrochemical Study of the Interaction of the Alkylating Agent Busulfan with Double Strand DNA
Authors: Radi Abd‐Elgawad , Nassef Hossam M. , Eissa Alsayed 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDamage of salmon sperm double strand ss dsDNA in solution or immobilized on screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) induced by incubation of DNA with the antineoplastic alkylating agent busulfan (BUS) at various conditions was detected for the first time by simple electrochemical methods. Chemical changes in DNA bases can be detected through the altered electroactivity of the DNA. Electrochemical voltammetric sensing of damage caused by BUS to dsDNA in solution was monitored by the appearance of peaks diagnostic of the oxidation of guanine and adenine. Moreover, crystal violet, which interacts with the DNA immobilized on SPCEs, was used as an effective electroactive indicator, in combination with cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques to monitor the cross‐links or damage to DNA. The interaction between BUS and DNA were determined by the changes in the voltammetric peak of crystal violet. The effects of various conditions upon the crystal violet signal were investigated.
Highly Sensitive and Selective Determination of Dopamine in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid Using Gold Nanoparticles‐Decorated MoS2 Nanosheets Modified Electrode
Authors: Su Shao , Sun Haofan , Xu Fei , Yuwen Lihui , Wang Lianhui 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHerein, a novel nanocomposite has been synthesized by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method, which possesses the specific features of both MoS2 and AuNPs. The AuNPs@MoS2 nanocomposite modified electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward dopamine (DA). Its oxidation peak current shows a linear dependence over the DA concentration in the range from 0.1 to 200 µM, with a detection limit of 80 nM (S/N=3). More importantly, the AuNPs@MoS2‐based sensor can detect DA in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid. The AuNPs@MoS2‐based sensor shows good sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity, suggesting that the AuNPs@MoS2 nanocomposite is a promising candidate in electrochemical sensing and other electrocatalytic applications.
Pencil‐Drawn Dual Electrode Detectors to Discriminate Between Analytes Comigrating on Paper‐Based Fluidic Devices but Undergoing Electrochemical Processes with Different Reversibility
Authors: Dossi Nicolò , Toniolo Rosanna , Piccin Evandro , Susmel Sabina , Pizzariello Andrea , Bontempelli Gino 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA simple method is described to discriminate between analytes comigrating under on‐plate separation conditions, whose electrochemical behavior displays different reversible characters. It is based on the use of dual electrode detectors pencil‐drawn at the end of paper‐based fluidic channels defined by hydrophobic barriers. Simultaneous detection of comigrating species is achieved by applying to the upstream pencil‐drawn working electrode a potential for the oxidation (or reduction) of both analytes, while to the downstream pencil‐drawn working electrode a potential is imposed for the reverse process involving the product of the sole analyte undergoing a reversible enough electrochemical process. The performance of these inexpensive devices was preliminarily optimized by adopting hexacyanoferrate(II) as prototype species undergoing a reversible anodic process at carbon electrodes. They were then used as dual electrode detectors for thin‐layer chromatographic runs conducted on paper‐based microfluidic devices. Two types of synthetic solutions, one containing different contents of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) and the other of paracetamol (PA) and AA, were chosen as model samples. This choice was prompted us by the fact that in both cases these analytes comigrated under the adopted experimental conditions and required similar enough oxidation potentials. Nevertheless, DA and PA underwent reversible enough anodic processes while an irreversible electrochemical reaction is involved in the AA oxidation. Satisfactory results were found for both couples of target analytes, whose simultaneous detection was achieved within 230 s and was characterized by good enough repeatability and sensitivity. In particular, this approach appears to be well suited for the rapid and inexpensive assembling of electrochemical detectors for flow analysis systems.
Monitoring of threo‐methylphenidate enantiomers in oral fluid by capillary electrophoresis with head‐column field‐amplified sample injection
Authors: Theurillat Regula , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2013

Threo‐methylphenidate is a chiral psychostimulant drug widely prescribed to treat attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. An enantioselective CE‐based assay with head‐column field‐amplified sample stacking for analysis of threo‐methylphenidate enantiomers in liquid/liquid extracts of oral fluid is described. Analytes are electrokinetically injected across a short water plug placed at the capillary inlet and become stacked at the interface between plug and buffer. Enantiomeric separation occurs within a few minutes in a pH 3.0 phosphate/triethanolamine buffer containing 20 mg/mL (2‐hydroxypropyl)‐β‐CD as chiral selector. The assay with six point multilevel internal calibration provides a linear response for each enantiomer in the 10–200 ng/mL concentration range, is simple, inexpensive, and reproducible, and has an LOQ of 5 ng/mL. It was applied to oral fluid patient samples that were collected up to 12 h after intake of an immediate release tablet and two different extended release formulations with racemic methylphenidate. Drug profiles could thereby be assessed in a stereoselective way. Almost no levorotary threo‐methylphenidate enantiomer was detected after intake of the two extended release formulations, whereas this enantiomer was detected during the first 2.5 h after intake of the immediate release preparation. The noninvasive collection of oral fluid is an attractive alternative to plasma for the monitoring of methylphenidate exposure in the pediatric community.
Dionysus: a stochastic fire growth scenario generator
Authors: Han Lengyi , John Braun W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Prometheus Fire Growth Model is a deterministic wildfire simulator. Given weather, topographical and fuel information, the simulated fire front is plotted at equally spaced times. Unpredictability of fire behavior makes deterministic predictions inaccurate. By statistically modeling the data to which the model equations are fit, it is possible to obtain a distribution of fire front predictions. If the weather forecast is reliable, repeated stochastic simulation is not required, so probability contours require no more computing time than what is required for a single deterministic contour. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A probabilistic framework for correlated seismic downtime and repair cost estimation of geo‐structures
Authors: Shafieezadeh Abdollah , DesRoches Reginald , Rix Glenn J. , Werner Stuart D. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAn important component of probabilistic risk assessment methods is the development of models to quantify the direct consequences of damage to geo‐structural components for a given intensity of the hazard. This paper presents a general probabilistic framework for correlated repair cost and downtime estimation of geo‐structures exposed to seismic hazards. The framework uses as input the results of nonlinear time‐history analysis of geo‐structures for the set of earthquake records that are representative of the seismic hazard models for the region of interest. The repair cost and downtime are estimated for individual earthquakes probabilistically considering the uncertainties associated with damage states. In addition, the formulation of the repair cost and downtime accounts for the reduction in the repair requirements as the number of damaged components in the given damage state increases. An analytical linear and two bilinear regression models are proposed for conditional correlated seismic repair cost and downtime estimation of geo‐structures given the intensity measure. The proposed framework is demonstrated by developing seismic repair models of a typical pile‐supported wharf structure on the west coast of the United States. The presented framework is general and can be applied to other types of geo‐structures and hazards and can include other decision variables such as loss of life as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyzing the effect of moving resonance on seismic response of structures using wavelet transforms
Authors: Naga P. , Eatherton M. R. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThere is a complex interaction between the seismic response (i.e., peak displacements) of a nonlinear structure and the characteristics of a ground motion. One ground motion characteristic that contributes to record‐to‐record variability is spectral nonstationarity, or the variation of signal's frequency content with time. When the predominant natural periods of a nonlinear structure elongate in such a way as to match with the predominant frequency content in the ground motion, a phenomenon called moving resonance occurs. The effect of moving resonance on the response of nonlinear structures is investigated. Continuous complex wavelet transforms are used to examine the spectral nonstationarity of ground motion acceleration histories and associated structural displacement histories to identify the occurrences of moving resonance. A three‐dimensional displacement response spectrum is used to determine which combinations of initial period and strength create the largest displacements and thus are candidate configurations for experiencing moving resonance. A method is then proposed for quantifying the effect of moving resonance on structural response. The method utilizes discrete wavelet transforms to decompose a ground motion into component signals with limited frequency band and examines the structural response due to each individual component. A discussion is provided as to how these tools can be used to identify ground motion characteristics that may be conducive to moving resonance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hysteretic models for sliding bearings with varying frictional force
Authors: Ray Tathagata , Sarlis Apostolos A. , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe friction pendulum system is a sliding seismic isolator with self‐centering capabilities. Under severe earthquakes, the movement may be excessive enough to cause the pendulum to hit the side rim of the isolator, which is provided to restrain the sliding. The biaxial behavior of a single friction pendulum, in which the slider contacts the restrainer, is developed using a smooth hysteretic model with nonlinear kinematic hardening. This model is extended to simulate the biaxial response of double and triple friction pendulums with multiple sliding surfaces. The model of a triple friction pendulum is based on the interaction between four sliding interfaces, which in turn is dependent upon the force and displacement conditions prevailing at these interfaces. Each of these surfaces are modeled as nonlinear biaxial springs suitable for a single friction pendulum, using the yield surface, based on the principles of the classical theory of plasticity, and amended for varying frictional yield force, due to variation in vertical load and/or velocity‐dependent friction coefficient. The participation of the nonlinear springs is governed by stick‐slip conditions, dictated by equilibrium and kinematics. The model can simulate the overall force‐deformation behavior, track the displacements in individual sliding surfaces, and account for the ultimate condition when the sliders are in contact with their restrainers. The results of this model are verified by comparison to theoretical calculations and to experiments. The model has been implemented in programs IDARC2D and 3D‐BASIS, and the analytical results are compared with shake table experimental results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of seismic design accidental torsion requirements for building collapse capacity
Authors: DeBock D. Jared , Liel Abbie B. , Haselton Curt B. , Hooper John D. , Henige Richard A. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYSeismic ground motions induce torsional responses in buildings that can be difficult to predict. To compensate for this, most modern building codes require the consideration of accidental torsion when computing design earthquake forces. This study evaluates the influence of ASCE/SEI 7 accidental torsion seismic design requirements on the performance of 230 archetypical buildings that are designed with and without accidental torsion design provisions, taking building collapse capacity as the performance metric. The test case archetypes include a broad range of heights, gravity load levels, and plan configurations. Results show that the ASCE/SEI 7 accidental torsion provisions lead to significant changes in collapse capacity for buildings that are very torsionally flexible or asymmetric. However, only inconsequential changes in collapse capacity are observed in the buildings that are both torsionally stiff and regular in plan. Therefore, the study concludes that accidental torsion provisions are not necessary for seismic design of buildings without excessive torsional flexibility or asymmetry. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Potential of Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bartholdy Savani , Musiat Peter , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNeurofeedback is defined as the training of voluntary regulation of localised neural activity using real‐time feedback through a brain‐computer interface. It has shown initial success as a potential clinical treatment tool in proof of concept studies, but has yet to be evaluated with respect to eating disorders. This paper (i) provides a brief overview of the current status of eating disorder treatments; (ii) describes the studies to date that use neurofeedback involving electroencephalography, real‐time functional magnetic resonance imaging or near‐infrared spectroscopy; and (iii) considers the potential of these technologies as treatments for eating disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Primary Amenorrhea in Anorexia Nervosa: Impact on Characteristic Masculine and Feminine Traits
Authors: Baker Jessica H. , Sisk Cheryl L. , Thornton Laura M. , Brandt Harry , Crawford Steven , Fichter Manfred M. , Halmi Katherine A. , Johnson Craig , Jones Ian , Kaplan Allan S. , Mitchell James E. , Strober Michael , Treasure Janet , Woodside D. Blake , Berrettini Wade H. , Kaye Walter H. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnimal studies indicate that gonadal hormones at puberty have an effect on the development of masculine and feminine traits. However, it is unknown whether similar processes occur in humans. We examined whether women with anorexia nervosa (AN), who often experience primary amenorrhea, exhibit attenuated feminization in their psychological characteristics in adulthood due to the decrease/absence of gonadal hormones at puberty. Women with AN were compared on a number of psychological characteristics using general linear models on the basis of the presence/absence of primary amenorrhea. Although women with primary amenorrhea exhibited lower anxiety scores than those without primary amenorrhea, in general, results did not provide evidence of attenuated feminization in women with AN with primary amenorrhea. Future research should utilize novel techniques and direct hormone measurement to explore the effects of pubertal gonadal hormones on masculine and feminine traits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Invasive crayfish as drivers of fine sediment dynamics in rivers: field and laboratory evidence
Authors: Harvey Gemma L , Henshaw Alexander James , Moorhouse Tom P , Clifford Nicholas J , Holah Helen , Grey Jonathan , Macdonald David W 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDespite increasing recognition of the potential of aquatic biota to act as ‘geomorphic agents’, key knowledge gaps exist in relation to biotic drivers of fine sediment dynamics at microscales and particularly the role of invasive species. This study explores the impacts of invasive signal crayfish on suspended sediment dynamics at the patch scale through laboratory and field study. Three hypotheses are presented and tested: (1) that signal crayfish generate pulses of fine sediment mobilisation through burrowing and movement that are detectable in the flow field; (2) that such pulses may be more frequent during nocturnal periods when signal crayfish are known to be most active; and (3) that cumulatively the pulses would be sufficient to drive an overall increase in turbidity. Laboratory mesocosm experiments were used to explore crayfish impacts on suspended sediment concentrations for two treatments: clay banks and clay bed substrate. For the field study, high frequency near‐bed and mid‐flow turbidity time series from a lowland river with known high densities of signal crayfish were examined. Laboratory data demonstrate the direct influence of signal crayfish on mobilisation of pulses of fine sediment through burrowing into banks and fine bed material, with evidence of enhanced activity levels around the mid‐point of the nocturnal period. Similar patterns of pulsed fine sediment mobilisation identified under field conditions follow a clear nocturnal trend and appear capable of driving an increase in ambient turbidity levels. The findings indicate that signal crayfish have the potential to influence suspended sediment yields, with implications for morphological change, physical habitat quality and the transfer of nutrients and contaminants. This is particularly important given the spread of signal crayfish across Europe and their presence in extremely high densities in many catchments. Further process‐based studies are required to develop a full understanding of impacts across a range of river styles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The shape of patterns to come: from initial formation to long‐term evolution
Authors: Murray A. Brad , Goldstein Evan B. , Coco Giovanni 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMany studies focus on the emergence and development of rhythmic landscape patterns. In this contribution we explore the different behaviors found as patterns evolve; the trajectories that patterns exhibit as they transit from infinitesimal‐amplitude perturbation to a statistically steady state (or in some cases to continued statistical evolution). The variety of behaviors observed, either through field and laboratory experiments or numerical modeling, can be reduced to four classes: (a) simple stabilization where predictions based on the initial growth of small perturbations corresponds with the characteristics of patterns observed in nature; (b) significant pattern coarsening en route to saturated wavelength, where non‐linear interactions between finite‐amplitude pattern elements change the geometric properties of a pattern as it approaches steady‐state; (c) perpetual coarsening where the wavelength associated with the emerging pattern continues to grow over time and is only limited by physical boundaries or external constrains; (d) slow evolution toward a different attractor, a novel behavior observed in numerical modeling that involves profound temporal changes in pattern characteristics. Within these classes we also observe generalizable non‐linear behaviors: dependence on initial conditions, the emergence of pattern‐scale variables such as pattern defects, and the presence of multiple stable states. Predicting the shape of patterns to come remains a challenge – one that we suggest requires a range of modeling approaches to address both initial instabilities and the emergent properties of evolving patterns, which involve disparate forms of non‐linear interactions. Consideration of generic system behaviors at the pattern scale could enhance future pattern formation studies, facilitating appropriate pairings of analysis approaches and pattern‐evolution modes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.