bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management lore continues alive and well in the organizational sciences
Authors: Buckley M. Ronald , Baur John E. , Hardy, III Jay H. , Johnson James F. , Johnson Genevieve , MacDougall Alexandra E. , Banford Christopher G. , Bagdasarov Zhanna , Peterson David R. , Peacock Juandre 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper was to identify examples of management lore currently in the organizational sciences.Design/methodology/approach– The authors deliberated and developed a series of examples of management lore in the organizational sciences and surveyed management practitioners concerning their beliefs in the lore hypothesized.Findings– Pervasive beliefs that conflict with academic research exist in management practices. Although many of these ideas are commonly accepted as immutable facts, they may be based upon faulty logic, insufficient understanding of academic research, anecdotal evidence and an overdependence upon common sense. Buckley and Eder (1988) called these as examples of management lore. In this conceptual paper, we identify and discuss 12 examples of management lore that persist in day-to-day management practices. Topics we explore include personality, emotional intelligence, teams, compensation, goals, performance, work ethic, creativity and organizational citizenship behaviors.Originality/value– A number of areas in which academic research gainsays what we believe to be an immutable fact.
Strategic political emphasis, strategic capabilities and uncertainty
Authors: Parnell John A 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– With heightened regulations in many nations, increasing political influence, greater emphasis on government-business partnerships, and the rapid development of emerging markets, the notion of nonmarket strategy (NMS) is now widely viewed as a key component of a firm’s overall strategic orientation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors associated with strategic political emphasis (SPE), a key part of NMS.Design/methodology/approach– A survey instrument including items related to competitive strategy, environmental uncertainty, strategic capability, performance, and SPE was administered to 275 managers in the USA. Strategy along Porter’s typology, strategic capabilities, uncertainty, and performance were measured via existing scales. Items were created to assess SPE.Findings– Managers in firms with greater SPE also reported greater uncertainty about competition and markets, and lower capabilities with regard to management and technology. Managers in organizations with weaker market orientations (MOs) – including greater uncertainty about competition and markets, and lower capabilities in management and technology – emphasized greater SPE. Managers reporting lower capability levels in their firms were more likely to report higher SPE and to have increased SPE in the last decade. Select uncertainties and capabilities – not competitive strategyper se– appears to have prompted an increase in SPE in these firms.Originality/value– An effective NMS is vital from the perspectives of both profit maximization for shareholders and the satisfaction of broader, social objectives. However, many executives are trained to excel in the market arena and may not have the skill set and temperament necessary for success in NMS and specifically, the political arena. Moreover, SPE and market strategies are not always consistent, challenging executives to integrate and balance the two orientations.
Perceived food security status – a case study of households in North Luwu, Indonesia
Authors: Diansari Pipi , Nanseki Teruaki 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study was to investigate the socioeconomic impact on perceived household food security in the North Luwu District of South Sulawesi Province in the eastern part of Indonesia. In Indonesia, 87 million people are presently vulnerable to food insecurity. Thus, the United Nations Development Programme’s primary millennium development goal for Indonesia is to halve the number of people who suffer from hunger by 2015. It is clear that food security at the household level is crucial to achieving this target.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 371 household heads were interviewed. The households’ perceptions of their food security status were captured by asking the household head the following question: “How do you perceive your household’s food security status during the last month”? Respondents could select from the following options: insecure, somewhat insecure, somewhat secure, secure and highly secure. Here, the household head’s answer is regarded as the household’s subjective food security status (SFSS). We then applied descriptive analysis and an ordered logit model to determine the socioeconomic factors that influence SFSS.Findings– As expected, in both analyses, household income and formal level of education have a strong relationship to SFSS. However, this study finds that food nutrition knowledge also shows a significant role in enhancing the probability that household SFSS will be in a better food security category. This could be a breakthrough in improving household food security status given the lack of formal education.Practical implications– Neighborhood resource-based food preparation counseling programs are essential. Existing food programs for Indonesian households should be reoriented and incorporated into the non-formal educational curriculum and should be carried out at the family level or in small groups to ensure that the message of the program is delivered effectively. In the short term, for non-farm households, the government should provide targeted households with crash programs such as revolving funds for household-level business activities. For farm households, ensuring that farming infrastructures, facilities and technologies are adequate and affordable is crucial to sustaining their production process.Originality/value– This is the first study to investigate the perceptions of household heads on their food security status in Indonesia. Most prior studies on household food security in Indonesia were conducted in response to Indonesia’s 1997 economic crisis and focused predominantly on Java, in the western part of Indonesia; there is little existing research on the eastern part of Indonesia. Moreover, this study is the first to emphasize the significant role of food nutrition knowledge in increasing the probability of household heads’ perceptions on their food security status being in a better category.
Effect of post rigor marination with calcium chloride on the tenderness, colour and palatability traits of buffalo meat
Authors: Rajagopal Kavitha , Oommen George T , Kuttinarayanan P. , George Sisilamma , SyamMohan K.M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to assess the effects of calcium chloride marination on buffalo meat tenderness, instrumental color and palatability traits and to compare the effects with that of aging, so as to suggest a cost-effective tenderizing method to meat retailers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Buffalo longissimus thoracis (LT) steaks were marinated post-rigor with 200-mM (5 per cent w/w) calcium chloride solution and were subjected to aging at 2-4°C for eight days. The pH, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, color, myofibrillar fragmentation index, Warner–Bratzler shear force and sensory quality attributes were assessed at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days post-mortem. The values were then compared with those of control steaks kept at the same storage conditions.

Findings
– Marination was not found to affect pH, WHC, cooking loss or color as compared to the control steaks. Tenderness was found to be improved in marinated steaks by 53.44 per cent as against 35.59 per cent in those that aged without marination. The sensory panel evaluation showed that marinated steaks significantly improved (p < 0.01) in the scores for the different attributes, and no flavor problems or alterations in cooked color were noticed.

Research limitations/implications
– The animals used in this study fall in the age group of four-eight years with one of them being four years old and the rest above the age of six years. Given the fact that, age-related increase in pyridinoline content of intramuscular collagen and cross-link formation influenced by sex can contribute to the toughness of meat in spent animals (Bosselmann et al., 1995), the variation in age of the animals under study could be regarded as a limitation of the study. But apart from one animal, all of them were more than six years old, forming more or less uniform samples.

Originality/value
– This research is of value to the meat industry or retailers. The post-rigor marination of buffalo LT steaks with 200-mM CaCl2 (5 per cent w/w) appears to be a promising measure from the view of practicability. The relative ease of operation makes it superior to other successful techniques in reducing toughness, such as electrical stimulation.
Vegetable gourds – guards of human health: a critical appraisal
Authors: Devaki C.S. , Wadikar D. D. , Patki P.E. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of the paper was to assess the functional properties vegetable gourds & the validated health claims so as to help the future researchers to locate the gaps. However, emphasizing on the scientifically available reports was required to make information available in a nutshell to the health-conscious consumers, as well as the researcher from the area of functional foods and nutrition.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is a mini-review of scientific findings in different studies on gourd vegetables. The approach to information collection was finding the research gaps and potential areas for future work with a nutritional perspective.Findings– Ash gourd, bitter gourd and bottle gourd have been extensively studied, and several health benefits and functional components have been reported, while ridge gourd, snake gourd and pointed gourd have been sparsely studied for their therapeutic benefits and the validation thereof; hence, there lies a scope for researchers.Research limitations/implications– The scarcity of scientific reports compared to the traditional usage and folkloric beliefs was a limitation.Originality/value– Understanding the nutritional potential of gourd vegetables from scientific reports may influence both the work areas and consumers in the appropriate direction.
Analysis of oral microbial community and Th17‐associated cytokines in saliva of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Wang Kun , Miao Tianyu , Lu Wenxin , He Jinzhi , Cui Bomiao , Li Jiyao , Li Yan , Xiao Liying 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of oral mucosa of unknown cause. Microbial infection and dysimmunity appear to play important roles in its pathogenesis. In this study, differences in genetic profiling of salivary microbial communities in two subtypes of OLP and healthy controls were evaluated by means of PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Additionally, ELISA was used to investigate the possible role of Th17 in lesion formation by detecting two related cytokines IL‐17 and IL‐23 in the saliva of OLP patients. When the DGGE profiles were analyzed, the bacterial populations were found to be significantly less rich in subjects with reticular and erosive OLP than in healthy controls. There was significantly less microbial diversity, as denoted by the Shannon index, in saliva samples from subjects with erosive OLP than in those from healthy controls. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the DGGE profiles formed distinctly group‐specific clusters. Salivary concentrations of IL‐17 in subjects with erosive OLP group were significantly higher than in those with reticular OLP and healthy controls. What's more, significantly positive correlations were observed between salivary IL‐17 concentrations and disease clinical scores. Microbial richness and diversity was negatively correlated with salivary IL‐17 concentrations. These results suggest there is significantly less salivary bacterial diversity and complexity in subjects with OLP han in healthy controls and that the shifted community composition is closely related to an immune cytokine, IL‐17.
Effects of interaction between genetic variants in human leukocyte antigen DQ and granulysin genes in Chinese Han subjects infected with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Hou Si‐hui , Hu Jun , Zhang Yu , Li Qing‐Ling , Guo Jin‐Jun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HLA‐DQ and granulysin (GNLY) are reportedly associated with HBV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interactions between SNPs in HLA‐DQ and GNLY on the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Chinese Han subjects. HLA‐DQ (rs9275572) and GNLY (rs1866139 and rs11127) were genotyped in 310 subjects with HBV‐related chronic liver disease, 295 in whom spontaneous clearance of HBV had occurred and 316 who had not been exposed to HBV. HLA‐DQ rs9275572 was significantly correlated with HBV clearance (dominant genetic model: OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.30–2.61; adjusted P = 0.001). There was no statistical association of GNLY rs1866139 and rs11127with HBV infection outcomes. However, significant sex‐specific associations with HBV susceptibility were observed in men who carried rs1866139 CG or rs11127 TC and in women who carried rs1866139 GG or rs11127 CC. The findings were the same in the validation cohort, which was composed of 829 subjects. Based on a multifactor dimensionality reduction test with permutation correction, a three‐way interaction between SNPs in HLA‐DQ and GNLY was identified in terms of HBV clearance. In conclusion, additional evidence for an association of HLA‐DQ and GNLY SNPs with HBV infection outcomes has been identified and a SNP‐SNP interaction between HLA‐DQ and GNLY on HBV clearance observed.
Macrophages largely contribute to heterologous anti‐Propionibacterium acnes antibody‐mediated protection from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in mice
Authors: Ma Qiuyue , Sun Changjiang , Yang Feng , Wang Lei , Qin Wanhai , Xia Xiaojing , Feng Xin , Du Chongtao , Gu Jingmin , Han Wenyu , Lei Liancheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of acute and chronic pleuropneumonia. Propionibacterium acnes is a facultative anaerobic gram‐positive corynebacterium. We have previously found that anti‐P. acnes antibodies can prevent A. pleuropneumoniae infections in mice. To investigate the role of macrophages in this process, affinity‐purified anti‐P. acnes IgG and anti‐A. pleuropneumoniae IgG were used in opsonophagocytosis assays. Additionally, the efficacy of passive immunization with P. acnes serum against A. pleuropneumoniae was tested in macrophage‐depleted mice. It was found that anti‐P. acnes IgG had an effect similar to that of anti‐A. pleuropneumoniae IgG (P > 0.05), which significantly promotes phagocytosis of A. pleuropneumoniae by macrophages (P < 0.01). It was also demonstrated that, after passive immunization with anti‐P. acnes serum, macrophage‐replete mice had the highest survival rate (90%), whereas the survival rate of macrophage‐depleted mice was only 40% (P < 0.05). However, macrophage‐depleted mice that had been passively immunized with naïve serum had the lowest survival rate (20%), this rate being lower than that of macrophage‐replete mice that had been passively immunized with naïve serum. Overall, anti‐P. acnes antibodies did not prevent A. pleuropneumoniae infection under conditions of macrophage depletion (P > 0.05). Furthermore, in mice that had been passively immunized with anti‐P. acnes serum, macrophage depletion resulted in a greater A. pleuropneumoniae burden and more severe pathological features of pneumonia in lung tissues than occurred in macrophage‐replete mice. It was concluded that macrophages are essential for the process by which anti‐P. acnes antibody prevents A. pleuropneumoniae infection in mice.
A novel growth model evaluating age–size effect on long‐term trends in tree growth
Authors: Matsushita Michinari , Takata Katsuhiko , Hitsuma Gaku , Yagihashi Tsutomu , Noguchi Mahoko , Shibata Mitsue , Masaki Takashi 
Published: February 2015

Summary

One of the major problems in understanding growth trends in long‐lived trees is the difficulty of separately quantifying the effects of tree size and age. Careful statistical control of the axiomatic age×size covariation is therefore required to identify long‐term trends in tree growth and their drivers, and to predict forests' responses to environmental changes reliably.

To address this issue, we present a novel tree growth model: a ‘two‐dimensional log‐normal growth model’. This is an extension of the one‐dimensional log‐normal growth model, in which tree growth is modelled primarily as a function of size. Our model assesses the trend in tree growth over time by explicitly partitioning the effects of age and size, controlling the covariation. The model is then extended to incorporate the effects of neighbourhood crowding and individual tree variation.

To demonstrate our model, we apply it to long‐term monitoring data from a mature (104‐year‐old) plantation of Japanese cedar. Thinning operations of various intensities have been applied to this plantation, and the diameter of each individual tree has been measured repeatedly.

We observed a pronounced age‐related decline in diameter growth. However, at each age, greater tree size was associated with a higher growth rate. The growth–size curve predicted from the model became flatter with tree age, and the curve's peak shifted rightwards as tree age increased. The model reveals that the sensitivity of a target tree to neighbourhood crowding depends strongly on neighbours' size and also provides an estimate of among‐tree variation in growth performance.

Although the relationships between growth, size and age in long‐lived trees are very complex, our growth model supports the conclusion that it is possible to predict long‐term trends in tree growth reliably with respect to both age and size. In addition, the model's flexibility will facilitate more robust testing of species‐specific responses to long‐term environmental changes.
Floral colour change in the eyes of pollinators: testing possible constraints and correlated evolution
Authors: Ohashi Kazuharu , Makino Takashi T. , Arikawa Kentaro 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Many of the ‘adaptive' traits in angiosperm flowers occur only in some species within a clade. One good example of such traits is floral colour change, that is the retention of old, nonreproductive, rewardless, but fully turgid flowers in an altered colour. This trait has been viewed as a plant strategy to enhance distant pollinator attraction while minimizing visits to nonreproductive flowers. Considering that the same scenario appears true for most visually oriented flower visitors, however, it is unclear why this trait does not prevail in nature.

To understand such evolutionary patterns, we conducted a screening search for floral colour change in 219 angiosperm species. We quantified spectral alterations in petals or petaloid organs and translated them into colour shifts through insect eyes. Using phylogeny‐based comparative methods, we further explored possibilities accounting for the infrequent occurrences of floral colour change: tendency of related species to resemble each other more than those randomly drawn from the phylogenetic tree (i.e. phylogenetic signal), constraints imposed through pigment coloration and their functions and evolutionary correlates of floral colour change.

Ultraviolet‐sensitive insect eyes were estimated to perceive floral colour change more often than previously noticed. We detected significant phylogenetic signal in the degree of floral colour change. The evolution of floral colour change appeared constrained by pigment chemistry, because greater changes were more likely to occur in yellow or red floral parts. Postchange colours tended to retain distant visual detectability (i.e. green‐receptor contrast), while reducing attractiveness in a close range (i.e. colour contrast), indicating another constraint imposed through the functions of pigment coloration. Data also suggest a possible evolutionary association between floral colour change and bee pollination.

Results indicate that floral colour change is scarce in nature because it primarily evolved to accommodate bees or comparable pollinators and because its occurrence was constrained by phylogenetic relatedness, pigment chemistry and ecological functions. An understanding of floral evolution thus requires considering different causalities for trait diversity in an integrative manner.
Restricting access to invasion hubs enables sustained control of an invasive vertebrate
Authors: Letnic Mike , Webb Jonathan K. , Jessop Tim S. , Dempster Tim 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Biological invasions often occur through expansion of satellite populations that become established at ‘invasion hubs’. Invasion hubs can result from random dispersal events, but frequently arise when invading individuals actively choose habitats using cues that signify high‐quality environments where the fitness consequences are positive. Theoretical studies suggest that targeted control at invasion hubs can effectively suppress the populations and impacts of invaders.

In arid Australia, small dams that provide water for livestock function as invasion hubs by providing an invasive vertebrate, the cane toad Rhinella marina, with refuge from extreme aridity during the annual dry season. Toads are attracted to dams and use them as stepping stone habitats from which they disperse during rainy periods. Here, we ask whether sustained control of this invasive vertebrate can be achieved by converting invasion hubs into ecological traps. We did this by manipulating invasion hub habitats to induce a mismatch between toads' habitat preference and the fitness consequences of their habitat choice to cause high mortality.

We constructed fences to exclude toads from dams and maintained these fences for 1 year. This period encompassed periods of dry and wet seasonal climatic conditions. Our manipulation did not alter the attractive cues for invading toads which died en masse while attempting to settle at fenced dams that prevented toads from reaching water. Toad populations at the fenced dams were suppressed by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared to unfenced controls and procedural controls. Toad populations remained suppressed for a year after exclusion.

By excluding toads from dams, we converted invasion hubs into ecological traps and effectively thwarted the reinvasion of cane toads. Our research suggests that water exclusion devices could be used to prevent toad invasion or to control cane toad populations in arid landscapes colonized by toads.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that sustained control of invader populations can be achieved by restricting their access to invasion hubs. Control of invasive species via elimination of invasion hubs could be conducted reactively, to control established populations of invaders, or conducted strategically, by rendering invasion hubs unsuitable for colonization ahead of the invasion front to prevent further population spread.