bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow oscillating transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep has a sleep‐stabilizing effect in chronic insomnia: a pilot study
Authors: Saebipour Mohammad R. , Joghataei Mohammad T. , Yoonessi Ali , Sadeghniiat‐Haghighi Khosro , Khalighinejad Nima , Khademi Soroush 
Published: May 2015

SummaryRecent evidence suggests that lack of slow‐wave activity may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of insomnia. Pharmacological approaches and brain stimulation techniques have recently offered solutions for increasing slow‐wave activity during sleep. We used slow (0.75 Hz) oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation during stage 2 of non‐rapid eye movement sleeping insomnia patients for resonating their brain waves to the frequency of sleep slow‐wave. Six patients diagnosed with either sleep maintenance or non‐restorative sleep insomnia entered the study. After 1 night of adaptation and 1 night of baseline polysomnography, patients randomly received sham or real stimulation on the third and fourth night of the experiment. Our preliminary results show that after termination of stimulations (sham or real), slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation increased the duration of stage 3 of non‐rapid eye movement sleep by 33 ± 26 min (P = 0.026), and decreased stage 1 of non‐rapid eye movement sleep duration by 22 ± 17.7 min (P = 0.028), compared with sham. Slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation decreased stage 1 of non‐rapid eye movement sleep and wake time after sleep‐onset durations, together, by 55.4 ± 51 min (P = 0.045). Slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation also increased sleep efficiency by 9 ± 7% (P = 0.026), and probability of transition from stage 2 to stage 3 of non‐rapid eye movement sleep by 20 ± 17.8% (P = 0.04). Meanwhile, slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation decreased transitions from stage 2 of non‐rapid eye movement sleep to wake by 12 ± 6.7% (P = 0.007). Our preliminary results suggest a sleep‐stabilizing role for the intervention, which may mimic the effect of sleep slow‐wave‐enhancing drugs.
Agreement between prospective diary data and retrospective questionnaire report of abdominal pain and stooling symptoms in children with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Self M. M. , Williams A. E. , Czyzewski D. I. , Weidler E. M. , Shulman R. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn functional gastrointestinal disorders, patient recall of symptoms drives diagnostic decisions and evaluation of treatment response, and research conclusions about potential treatments. In pediatrics, parent report also impacts assessment and care. Hence, identifying methods for accurately capturing patient and parent report of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms is important. This study evaluated correspondence between retrospective questionnaire (parent and child report) and prospective diary data for children and adolescents with IBS.MethodsParticipants included 50 children/adolescents with IBS per Rome III criteria. Children completed a 2‐week pain and stool diary. Children and parents subsequently completed a 2‐week recall questionnaire, reporting number of pain days, maximum pain, days without bowel movement, and days with diarrhea during the diary interval. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland–Altman plots assessed agreement.Key ResultsFor pain and days without bowel movement, overall agreement between child recall questionnaire and child diary was strong, although under conditions likely to facilitate agreement and with individual variation observed. Parent recall and child diary were less concordant, and agreement about diarrhea was poor for parent and child. Age did not significantly correlate with agreement.Conclusions & InferencesChild questionnaire with short recall interval may be a reasonable approximation for diary data, although this varies by individual and replication/investigation of lengthier recall are needed. Relying on parent questionnaire does not appear a suitable proxy, and recall of stool form by both parent and child appears more problematic. These results combined with existing literature support use of diary data whenever possible.
Functional diversity of photobiological traits within the genus Symbiodinium appears to be governed by the interaction of cell size with cladal designation
Authors: Suggett David J. , Goyen Samantha , Evenhuis Chris , Szabó Milán , Pettay D. Tye , Warner Mark E. , Ralph Peter J. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium express broad diversity in both genetic identity (phylogeny) and photosynthetic function to presumably optimize ecological success across extreme light environments; however, whether differences in the primary photobiological characteristics that govern photosynthetic optimization are ultimately a function of phylogeny is entirely unresolved.

We applied a novel fast repetition rate fluorometry approach to screen genetically distinct Symbiodinium types (n = 18) spanning five clades (A–D, F) for potential phylogenetic trends in factors modulating light absorption (effective cross‐section, reaction center content) and utilization (photochemical vs dynamic nonphotochemical quenching; [1 – C] vs [1 – Q]) by photosystem II (PSII).

The variability of PSII light absorption was independent of phylogenetic designation, but closely correlated with cell size across types, whereas PSII light utilization intriguingly followed one of three characteristic patterns: (1) similar reliance on [1 – C] and [1 – Q] or (2) preferential reliance on [1 – C] (mostly A, B types) vs (3) preferential reliance on [1 – Q] (mostly C, D, F types), and thus generally consistent with cladal designation.

Our functional trait‐based approach shows, for the first time, how Symbiodinium photosynthetic function is governed by the interplay between phylogenetically dependent and independent traits, and is potentially a means to reconcile complex biogeographic patterns of Symbiodinium phylogenetic diversity in nature.
The effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on weight gain in children and adolescents
Authors: Reekie J. , Hosking S. P. M. , Prakash C. , Kao K.‐T. , Juonala M. , Sabin M. A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPsychiatric illness in the paediatric population is increasing and the weight effect of medications for these problems is often unclear. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify studies reporting weight in relation to antipsychotic and antidepressant use in children and adolescents. From 636 articles, 42 were selected for review. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) do not cause weight gain and may lead to improvements in weight status over the short, but not, long term. Antipsychotics were generally associated with weight gain. In drug comparison studies, risperidone had a larger weight gain effect than lithium, divalproex sodium and pimozide. Studies assessing the weight‐protective effects of augmentation therapy with metformin or topiramate show less weight gain with addition of these agents. In conclusion, prescribing of SSRIs and SNRIs may be associated with improvements in weight status in children and adolescents but trials assessing their use in obesity, outside of established psychiatric illness, are limited and still experimental. Youth prescribed antipsychotic medication should be monitored for exaggerated weight gain and in those where obesity is a pre‐existing concern agents other than olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone may be advantageous.
Risk factors for bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing, and related hospitalization in preterm infants during the first year of life
Authors: Pérez‐Yarza Eduardo G. , Moreno‐Galdó Antonio , Ramilo Octavio , Rubí Teresa , Escribano Amparo , Torres Antonio , Sardón Olaia , Oliva Concepción , Pérez Guadalupe , Cortell Isidoro , Rovira‐Amigo Sandra , Pastor‐Vivero Maria D. , Pérez‐Frías Javier , Velasco Valle , Torres‐Borrego Javier , Figuerola Joan , Barrio Maria Isabel , García‐Hernández Gloria , Mejías Asunción ,   the SAREPREM 3235 investigators
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAirway diseases are highly prevalent in infants and cause significant morbidity. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for respiratory morbidity in a Spanish cohort of moderate‐to‐late preterm (MLP) infants prospectively followed during their first year of life.MethodsSAREPREM is a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal study. Preterm infants born at 32–35 weeks of gestation with no comorbidities were enrolled within 2 weeks of life and followed at 2–4 weeks, 6, and 12 months of age. Multivariate mixed‐models were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with (i) development of bronchiolitis, (ii) recurrent wheezing, or (iii) related hospital admissions.ResultsOverall, 977 preterm infants were included, and 766 (78.4%) completed follow‐up. Of those, 365 (47.7%) developed bronchiolitis during the first year, 144 (18.8%) recurrent wheezing, and 48 (6.3%) were hospitalized. While low birthweight, day care attendance (DCA) and school‐age siblings were significantly and independently associated with both the development of bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing, lower maternal age increased the risk for bronchiolitis and respiratory‐related hospitalizations. Lastly, mechanical ventilation was associated with a higher risk of bronchiolitis and history of asthma in any parent increased the likelihood of developing recurrent wheezing.ConclusionsIn this study, several non‐modifiable parameters (family history of asthma, low birthweight, need for mechanical ventilation) and modifiable parameters (young maternal age, DCA, or exposure to school‐age siblings) were identified as significant risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing during the first year of life in MLP infants.
Transarterial embolization for pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma with cardiac cirrhosis
Authors: Yamada Kentaro , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Kawamura Yoichi , Wakamatsu Hajime , Kawauchi Toshio , Soga Shigeyoshi , Ogata Sho , Kaji Tatsumi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe describe the case of a 15‐year‐old boy with a history of Fontan operation and multiple intrahepatic tumors. Computed tomography showed multiple hepatic nodules with arterial enhancement. Because hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was not detected on biopsies and tumor markers were normal, progress was monitored on imaging. One hepatic tumor increased greatly in size during follow up. At 15 years of age, tumor markers rose rapidly, and he had upper abdominal swelling. Therefore, transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed for the largest tumor, suspected to be a HCC due to cardiac cirrhosis. This tumor had not increased at follow up 4 months later. The patient died from hepatic failure at the age of 17 years, and HCC was diagnosed at autopsy. Although pediatric HCC is rare, its incidence is likely to increase. TAE, with or without anticancer agents, is a therapeutic option for unresectable pediatric HCC, as it is for adult HCC.
Characterization of an activation‐tagged mutant uncovers a role of GLABRA2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Xianling , Hu Qingnan , Dai Xuemei , Tian Hainan , Zheng Kaijie , Wang Xiaoping , Mao Tonglin , Chen Jin‐Gui , Wang Shucai 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by a MYB‐bHLH‐WD40 (MBW) transcriptional activator complex. The MBW complex activates the transcription of late biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway, leading to the production of anthocyanins. A similar MBW complex regulates epidermal cell fate by activating the transcription of GLABRA2 (GL2), a homeodomain transcription factor required for trichome formation in shoots and non‐hair cell formation in roots. Here we provide experimental evidence to show that GL2 also plays a role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. From an activation‐tagged mutagenized population of Arabidopsis plants, we isolated a dominant, gain‐of‐function mutant with reduced anthocyanins. Molecular cloning revealed that this phenotype is caused by an elevated expression of GL2, thus the mutant was named gl2‐1D. Consistent with the view that GL2 acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, gl2‐1D seedlings accumulated less whereas gl2‐3 seedlings accumulated more anthocyanins in response to sucrose. Gene expression analysis indicated that expression of late, but not early, biosynthesis genes in the flavonoid pathway was dramatically reduced in gl2‐1D but elevated in gl2‐3 mutants. Further analysis showed that expression of some MBW component genes involved in the regulation of late biosynthesis genes was reduced in gl2‐1D but elevated in gl2‐3 mutants, and chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicated that some MBW component genes are targets of GL2. We also showed that GL2 functions as a transcriptional repressor. Taken together, these results indicate that GL2 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by directly repressing the expression of some MBW component genes.
Blood graft cellular composition and posttransplant recovery in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with or without plerixafor: a prospective comparison
Authors: Valtola Jaakko , Varmavuo Ville , Ropponen Antti , Nihtinen Anne , Partanen Anu , Vasala Kaija , Lehtonen Päivi , Penttilä Karri , Pyörälä Marja , Kuittinen Taru , Silvennoinen Raija , Nousiainen Tapio , Pelkonen Jukka , Mäntymaa Pentti , Jantunen Esa 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDAutologous stem cell transplantation is commonly used to treat non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). Cellular composition of the blood grafts apparently has a role in the posttransplant hematologic and immune recovery. Plerixafor increases the mobilization of CD34+ cells and higher amounts of various lymphocyte subsets have been reported in the grafts. Limited prospective data are available in regard to graft cellular composition, hematologic and immune recovery, and patient outcomes in NHL patients who receive plerixafor added to chemomobilization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSForty‐one patients with NHL participated in this prospective study. All patients received chemomobilization and 15 poor mobilizers also received plerixafor. CD34+ cell subsets and lymphocyte subsets of cell grafts, posttransplant hematologic and immune recovery, and outcome were evaluated.RESULTSBlood grafts in the plerixafor group contained a significantly higher proportion of CD34+133+CD38– cells and more lymphocytes of all major subsets except B lymphocytes. Neutrophil engraftment was comparable and platelet recovery slightly slower in the plerixafor group. Natural killer cell recovery was significantly faster in patients mobilized with plerixafor. Otherwise hematologic and immune recovery as well as short‐time outcome were comparable even though there was a trend for progression‐free survival and overall survival benefit in the plerixafor group.CONCLUSIONSIn poorly mobilizing NHL patients, plerixafor added to chemomobilization is safe and effective. It also modifies the blood graft composition in many ways, some of which have been linked to better outcomes in previous studies. Larger sets of patients and longer follow‐up are needed to see whether plerixafor‐mobilized grafts are associated with superior outcome of the patients.
Characterization of Poliovirus Neutralization Escape Mutants of Single-Domain Antibody Fragments (VHHs)
Authors: Schotte Lise , Thys Bert , Strauss Mike , Filman David J. , Rombaut Bart , Hogle James M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

To complete the eradication of poliovirus and to protect unvaccinated people subsequently, the development of one or more antiviral drugs will be necessary. A set of five single-domain antibody fragments (variable parts of the heavy chain of a heavy-chain antibody [VHHs]) with an
in vitro
neutralizing activity against poliovirus type 1 was developed previously (B. Thys, L. Schotte, S. Muyldermans, U. Wernery, G. Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh, and B. Rombaut, Antiviral Res 87:257–264, 2010,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.05.012
), and their mechanisms of action have been studied (L. Schotte, M. Strauss, B. Thys, H. Halewyck, D. J. Filman, M. Bostina, J. M. Hogle, and B. Rombaut, J Virol 88:4403–4413, 2014,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03402-13
). In this study, neutralization escape mutants were selected for each VHH. Sequencing of the P1 region of the genome showed that amino acid substitutions are found in the four viral proteins of the capsid and that they are located both in proximity to the binding sites of the VHHs and in regions further away from the canyon and hidden beneath the surface. Characterization of the mutants demonstrated that they have single-cycle replication kinetics that are similar to those of their parental strain and that they are all drug (VHH) independent. Their resistant phenotypes are stable, as they do not regain full susceptibility to the VHH after passage over HeLa cells in the absence of VHH. They are all at least as stable as the parental strain against heat inactivation at 44°C, and three of them are even significantly (
P
< 0.05) more resistant to heat inactivation. The resistant variants all still can be neutralized by at least two other VHHs and retain full susceptibility to pirodavir and 35-1F4.
Mupirocin Resistance in Isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from Nasal Swabs in a Tertiary Hospital in France
Authors: Trouillet-Assant Sophie , Flammier Sacha , Sapin Anais , Dupieux Céline , Dumitrescu Oana , Tristan Anne , Vandenesch François , Rasigade Jean-Philippe , Laurent Frederic 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic largely used to eradicate staphylococcal nasal carriage. Here, we investigated the prevalence of mupirocin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
and coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients in different wards in a hospital (Lyon, France), which were determined both phenotypically with an Epsilometer test (Etest) and genetically by PCR for
mupA
and
mupB
.
Testing Pooled Sputum with Xpert MTB/RIF for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis To Increase Affordability in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Abdurrahman Saddiq T. , Mbanaso Omezikam , Lawson Lovett , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Blakiston Matthew , Obasanya Joshua , Dacombe Russell , Adams Emily R. , Emenyonu Nnamdi , Sahu Suvanand , Creswell Jacob , Cuevas Luis E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, with the highest burden occurring in low-income countries. In these countries, the use of more sensitive diagnostics, such as Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), is still limited by costs. A cost-saving strategy to diagnose other diseases is to pool samples from various individuals and test them with single tests. The samples in positive pool samples are then retested individually to identify the patients with the disease. We assessed a pooled testing strategy to optimize the affordability of Xpert for the diagnosis of TB. Adults with presumptive TB attending hospitals or identified by canvassing of households in Abuja, Nigeria, were asked to provide sputum for individual and pooled (4 per pool) testing. The agreement of the results of testing of individual and pooled samples and costs were assessed. A total of 738 individuals submitted samples, with 115 (16%) being
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
positive. Valid Xpert results for individual and pooled samples were available for 718 specimens. Of these, testing of pooled samples detected 109 (96%) of 114 individual
M. tuberculosis
-positive samples, with the overall agreement being 99%. Xpert semiquantitative
M. tuberculosis
levels had a positive correlation with the smear grades, and the individual sample-positive/pooled sample-negative results were likely due to the
M. tuberculosis
concentration being below the detection limit. The strategy reduced cartridge costs by 31%. Savings were higher with samples from individuals recruited in the community, where the proportion of positive specimens was low. The results of testing of pooled samples had a high level of agreement with the results of testing of individual samples, and use of the pooled testing strategy reduced costs and has the potential to increase the affordability of Xpert in countries with limited resources.
Evaluation of BD Max StaphSR and BD Max MRSA
XT
Assays Using ESwab-Collected Specimens
Authors: Silbert Suzane , Kubasek Carly , Galambo Faris , Vendrone Elaine , Widen Raymond 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

The BD Max MRSA
XT
and the BD Max StaphSR assays were validated for the detection of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) in ESwab samples. In addition, the BD Max StaphSR assay was evaluated for its ability to detect and differentiate
S. aureus
and MRSA in the same sample. A total of 255 ESwab samples collected from the anterior nares of patients were tested by each of three BD Max assays, including the BD Max MRSA first-generation assay. The results were compared to those of direct and enrichment culture. Additionally, a challenge panel comprising 14 control strains was evaluated to determine the ability of these assays to correctly identify MRSA and also appropriately differentiate
S. aureus
by the BD Max StaphSR assay. Out of 255 clinical samples tested, 161 were negative and 30 were positive for MRSA, and 45 were positive for
S. aureus
(by BD Max StaphSR) and negative for MRSA by all three PCR assays and culture. Nineteen samples had discrepant results; all of them were retested by additional laboratory testing. All strains from the challenge panel were correctly identified or excluded by the BD Max MRSA
XT
and BD Max StaphSR assays. The results showed that the BD Max StaphSR and the BD MRSA
XT
assays have excellent sensitivity (94.3%) and specificity (97.7%) for detecting MRSA. The BD Max StaphSR assay demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96.4%) and specificity (93.6%) for detecting
S. aureus
.