bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyse der Drogentoten in Köln: 1989 bis 2002
Authors: Graß Hildegard , Behnsen Sönke , Kimont Hans-Georg 
Published: May 2015

<B>Ziel:</B> Untersuchungen von Todesfällen im Zusammenhang mit Drogenkonsum sind Gegenstand vielfältiger Publikationen. Vergleiche von Daten zu Konsummustern und Todesumständen zeigen regionalspezifische Unterschiede, die eine verallgemeinernde Interpretation wenig sinnvoll erscheinen lassen. </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Für das Stadtgebiet Köln wurden zwischen 1989 und 2002 Drogentodesfälle systematisch erfasst und konsumbezogene Fakten als auch Untersuchungen zu den Sterbeumständen durchgeführt. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Die Mehrheit der Todesfälle (min. 65 %) konnte auf eine letale Drogenintoxikation zurückgeführt werden. Am häufigsten wurde der Konsum von Heroin (88%), Alkohol (42%) oder Benzodiazepinen (20%) nachgewiesen. Methadon-assoziierte Todesfälle blieben im Untersuchungszeitraum die Ausnahmen.
Frauenspezifische Behandlung bei substanzbezogenen Störungen: Ergebnisse und Indikation
Authors: Winkler Klaudia 
Published: May 2015

<B>Fragestellung:</B> Überblick über Indikation und Ergebnisse frauenspezifischer Beratungs- und Behandlungsangebote im Suchtbereich. </P><P> <B>Methode:</B> Computergestützte Literaturrecherche. </P><P> <B>Ergebnisse:</B> Frauenspezifische Angebote erreichen vermehrt Frauen, die in herkömmlichen Einrichtungen seltener anzutreffen sind. Die erzielten Ergebnisse sind mindestens so gut wie bei traditionellen Angeboten. Als besonders günstig haben sich möglichst vielfältige Hilfsangebote erwiesen, die sich an den Problemlagen der Frauen orientieren. Wenig erfolgversprechend dagegen erscheint, lediglich Frauen gemeinsam mit anderen Frauen zu behandeln. </P><P> <B>Schlussfolgerungen:</B> Die Evaluation und Dokumentation frauenspezifischer Angebote in Deutschland muss vorangebracht werden.
CD59 signaling and membrane pores drive Syk-dependent erythrocyte necroptosis
Authors: LaRocca T J , Stivison E A , Mal-Sarkar T , Hooven T A , Hod E A , Spitalnik S L , Ratner A J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMature erythrocytes (red blood cells (RBCs)) undergo the programmed cell death (PCD) pathway of necroptosis in response to bacterial pore-forming toxins (PFTs) that target human CD59 (hCD59) but not hCD59-independent PFTs. Here, we investigate the biochemical mechanism of RBC necroptosis with a focus on the mechanism of induction and the minimal requirements for such RBC death. Binding or crosslinking of the hCD59 receptor led to Syk-dependent induction of vesiculated morphology (echinocytes) that was associated with phosphorylation of Band 3 and was required for Fas ligand (FasL) release. FasL-dependent phosphorylation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in combination with plasma membrane pore formation was required for execution of RBC necroptosis. RIP1 phosphorylation led to the phosphorylation of RIP3, which was also critical for RBC necroptosis. Notably, RBC necroptosis was mediated by FasL and not by other candidate inducers, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Other types of RBC damage, such as eryptotic damage, failed to induce necroptosis when combined with hCD59 crosslinking. This work sheds light on the requirements for this recently discovered PCD in RBCs and provides a clear picture of the biochemical mechanism of induction of RBC necroptosis.
Co-receptors are dispensable for tethering receptor-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
Authors: Park B , Lee J , Moon H , Lee G , Lee D-H , Hoon Cho J , Park D 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring efferocytosis, phagocytic cells recognize dying cells by receptors binding to ligands specifically exposed on apoptotic cells. Multiple phagocytic receptors and some of their signaling pathways have been identified. However, the downstream pathways of tethering receptors that secure apoptotic cells remain elusive. It is generally assumed that tethering receptors induce signaling to mediate engulfment via interacting with co-receptors or other engulfment receptors located nearby. However, it is poorly understood whether co-receptors for tethering receptors exist during efferocytosis, and, if they do, whether they are indispensable for this process. Here, we address this issue using glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored annexin A5 (Anxa5-GPI), an artificial tethering receptor without a putative co-receptor. Phagocytes expressing Anxa5-GPI exhibited enhanced binding of apoptotic cells, resulting in promoted ingestion of apoptotic cells in a phosphatidylserine-dependent manner. Anxa5-GPI-induced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells relied on the known cytoskeletal engulfment machinery but partially depended on the Elmo-Dock-Rac module or the integrin pathway. In addition, Anxa5-GPI-mediated efferocytosis provoked anti-inflammatory responses. Taken together, our work suggests that co-receptors are dispensable for tethering receptor-induced efferocytosis and that tethering receptors mediate the engulfment of apoptotic cells through multiple engulfment signaling pathways.
Electronic Raman scattering as an ultra-sensitive probe of strain effects in semiconductors
Authors: Fluegel Brian , Mialitsin Aleksej V. , Beaton Daniel A. , Reno John L. , Mascarenhas Angelo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSemiconductor strain engineering has become a critical feature of high-performance electronics because of the significant device performance enhancements that it enables. These improvements, which emerge from strain-induced modifications to the electronic band structure, necessitate new ultra-sensitive tools to probe the strain in semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate that minute amounts of strain in thin semiconductor epilayers can be measured using electronic Raman scattering. We applied this strain measurement technique to two different semiconductor alloy systems using coherently strained epitaxial thin films specifically designed to produce lattice-mismatch strains as small as 10−4. Comparing our strain sensitivity and signal strength in AlxGa1−xAs with those obtained using the industry-standard technique of phonon Raman scattering, we found that there was a sensitivity improvement of 200-fold and a signal enhancement of 4 × 103, thus obviating key constraints in semiconductor strain metrology.
Superdense teleportation using hyperentangled photons
Authors: Graham Trent M. , Bernstein Herbert J. , Wei Tzu-Chieh , Junge Marius , Kwiat Paul G 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTransmitting quantum information between two remote parties is a requirement for many quantum applications; however, direct transmission of states is often impossible because of noise and loss in the communication channel. Entanglement-enhanced state communication can be used to avoid this issue, but current techniques require extensive experimental resources to transmit large quantum states deterministically. To reduce these resource requirements, we use photon pairs hyperentangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum to implement superdense teleportation, which can communicate a specific class of single-photon ququarts. We achieve an average fidelity of 87.0(1)%, almost twice the classical limit of 44% with reduced experimental resources than traditional techniques. We conclude by discussing the information content of this constrained set of states and demonstrate that this set has an exponentially larger state space volume than the lower-dimensional general states with the same number of state parameters.
Capping protein integrates multiple MAMP signalling pathways to modulate actin dynamics during plant innate immunity
Authors: Li Jiejie , Henty-Ridilla Jessica L. , Staiger Benjamin H. , Day Brad , Staiger Christopher J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPlants and animals perceive diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors and activate innate immune signalling. The actin cytoskeleton has been suggested as a target for innate immune signalling and a key transducer of cellular responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying actin remodelling and the precise functions of these rearrangements during innate immunity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate rapid actin remodelling in response to several distinct MAMP signalling pathways in plant epidermal cells. The regulation of actin dynamics is a convergence point for basal defence machinery, such as cell wall fortification and transcriptional reprogramming. Our quantitative analyses of actin dynamics and genetic studies reveal that MAMP-stimulated actin remodelling is due to the inhibition of capping protein (CP) by the signalling lipid, phosphatidic acid. In addition, CP promotes resistance against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. These findings demonstrate that CP is a central target for the plant innate immune response.
Few-layer bismuth selenides exfoliated by hemin inhibit amyloid-β1–42 fibril formation
Authors: Peng Jian , Xiong Yunjing , Lin Zhiqin , Sun Liping , Weng Jian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInhibiting amyloid-β (Aβ) fibril formation is the primary therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease. Several small molecules and nanomaterials have been used to inhibit Aβ fibril formation. However, insufficient inhibition efficiency or poor metabolization limits their further applications. Here, we used hemin to exfoliate few-layer Bi2Se3 in aqueous solution. Then we separated few-layer Bi2Se3 with different sizes and thicknesses by fractional centrifugation and used them to attempt to inhibit Aβ1-42 aggregation. The results show that smaller and thinner few-layer Bi2Se3 had the highest inhibition efficiency. We further investigated the interaction between few-layer Bi2Se3 and Aβ1-42 monomers. The results indicate that the inhibition effect may be due to the high adsorption capacity of few-layer Bi2Se3 for Aβ1−42 monomers. Few-layer Bi2Se3 also decreased Aβ-mediated peroxidase-like activity and cytotoxicity according to in vitro neurotoxicity studies under physiological conditions. Therefore, our work shows the potential for applications of few-layer Bi2Se3 in the biomedical field.
Strain Engineering of Octahedral Rotations and Physical Properties of SrRuO3 Films
Authors: Lu Wenlai , Song Wendong , Yang Ping , Ding Jun , Chow Gan Moog , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStrain engineering is an effective way to modify functional properties of thin films. Recently, the importance of octahedral rotations in pervoskite films has been recognized in discovering and designing new functional phases. Octahedral behavior of SrRuO3 film as a popular electrode in heterostructured devices is of particular interest for its probable interfacial coupling of octahedra with the functional overlayers. Here we report the strain engineering of octahedral rotations and physical properties that has been achieved in SrRuO3 films in response to the substrate-induced misfit strains of almost the same amplitude but of opposite signs. It shows that the compressively strained film on NdGaO3 substrate displays a rotation pattern of a tetragonal phase whilst the tensilely strained film on KTaO3 substrate has the rotation pattern of the bulk orthorhombic SrRuO3 phase. In addition, the compressively strained film displays a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy while the tensilely strained film has the magnetic easy axis lying in the film plane. The results show the prospect of strain engineered octahedral architecture in producing desired property and novel functionality in the class of perovskite material.
Direct Correlation Between Ligand-Induced α-Synuclein Oligomers and Amyloid-like Fibril Growth
Authors: Nors Pedersen Martin , Foderà Vito , Horvath Istvan , van Maarschalkerweerd Andreas , Nørgaard Toft Katrine , Weise Christoph , Almqvist Fredrik , Wolf-Watz Magnus , Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla , Vestergaard Bente 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAggregation of proteins into amyloid deposits is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. The suggestion that intermediate oligomeric species may be cytotoxic has led to intensified investigations of pre-fibrillar oligomers, which are complicated by their transient nature and low population. Here we investigate alpha-synuclein oligomers, enriched by a 2-pyridone molecule (FN075) and the conversion of oligomers into fibrils. As probed by leakage assays, the FN075 induced oligomers potently disrupt vesicles in vitro, suggesting a potential link to disease related degenerative activity. Fibrils formed in the presence and absence of FN075 are indistinguishable on microscopic and macroscopic levels. Using small angle X-ray scattering, we reveal that FN075 induced oligomers are similar, but not identical, to oligomers previously observed during alpha-synuclein fibrillation. Since the levels of FN075 induced oligomers correlate with the amounts of fibrils among different FN075:protein ratios, the oligomers appear to be on-pathway and modeling supports an ‘oligomer stacking model’ for alpha-synuclein fibril elongation.
n-type conversion of SnS by isovalent ion substitution: Geometrical doping as a new doping route
Authors: Ran Fan-Yong , Xiao Zewen , Toda Yoshitake , Hiramatsu Hidenori , Hosono Hideo , Kamiya Toshio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTin monosulfide (SnS) is a naturally p-type semiconductor with a layered crystal structure, but no reliable n-type SnS has been obtained by conventional aliovalent ion substitution. In this work, carrier polarity conversion to n-type was achieved by isovalent ion substitution for polycrystalline SnS thin films on glass substrates. Substituting Pb2+ for Sn2+ converted the majority carrier from hole to electron and the free electron density ranged from 1012 to 1015 cm−3 with the largest electron mobility of 7.0 cm2/(Vs). The n-type conduction was confirmed further by the position of the Fermi level (EF) based on photoemission spectroscopy and electrical characteristics of pn heterojunctions. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Pb substitution invokes a geometrical size effect that enlarges the interlayer distance and subsequently reduces the formation energies of Sn and Pb interstitials, which results in the electron doping.
GABAB receptor upregulates fragile X mental retardation protein expression in neurons
Authors: Zhang Wenhua , Xu Chanjuan , Tu Haijun , Wang Yunyun , Sun Qian , Hu Ping , Hu Yongjian , Rondard Philippe , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein important for the control of translation and synaptic function. The mutation or silencing of FMRP causes Fragile X syndrome (FXS), which leads to intellectual disability and social impairment. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system and its metabotropic GABAB receptor has been implicated in various mental disorders. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been shown to improve FXS symptoms in a mouse model and in human patients, but the signaling events linking the GABAB receptor and FMRP are unknown. In this study, we found that GABAB receptor activation upregulated cAMP response element binding protein-dependent Fmrp expression in cultured mouse cerebellar granule neurons via two distinct mechanisms: the transactivation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and activation of protein kinase C. In addition, a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAB receptor, CGP7930, stimulated Fmrp expression in neurons. These results suggest a role for GABAB receptor in Fmrp regulation and a potential interest of GABAB receptor signaling in FXS improvement.
Data Clustering using Memristor Networks
Authors: Choi Shinhyun , Sheridan Patrick , Lu Wei D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMemristors have emerged as a promising candidate for critical applications such as non-volatile memory as well as non-Von Neumann computing architectures based on neuromorphic and machine learning systems. In this study, we demonstrate that memristors can be used to perform principal component analysis (PCA), an important technique for machine learning and data feature learning. The conductance changes of memristors in response to voltage pulses are studied and modeled with an internal state variable to trace the analog behavior of the device. Unsupervised, online learning is achieved in a memristor crossbar using Sanger’s learning rule, a derivative of Hebb’s rule, to obtain the principal components. The details of weights evolution during training is investigated over learning epochs as a function of training parameters. The effects of device non-uniformity on the PCA network performance are further analyzed. We show that the memristor-based PCA network is capable of linearly separating distinct classes from sensory data with high clarification success of 97.6% even in the presence of large device variations.
CARBON, HELIUM, AND PROTON KINETIC TEMPERATURES IN A CYGNUS LOOP SHOCK WAVE
Authors: Raymond John C. , Edgar Richard J. , Ghavamian Parviz , Blair William P. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Observations of SN 1006 have shown that ions and electrons in the plasma behind fast supernova remnant shock waves are far from equilibrium, with the electron temperature much lower than the proton temperature and ion temperatures approximately proportional to ion mass. In the ∼360 km s−1shock waves of the Cygnus Loop, on the other hand, electron and ion temperatures are roughly equal, and there is evidence that the oxygen kinetic temperature is not far from the proton temperature. In this paper, we report observations of the He ii
λ1640 line and the C iv
λ1550 doublet in a 360 km s−1shock in the Cygnus Loop. While the best-fit kinetic temperatures are somewhat higher than the proton temperature, the temperatures of He and C are consistent with the proton temperature and the upper limits are 0.5 and 0.3 times the mass-proportional temperatures, implying efficient thermal equilibration in this collisionless shock. The equilibration of helium and hydrogen affects the conversion between proton temperatures determined from Hα line profiles and shock speeds, and the efficient equilibration found here reduces the shock speed estimates and the distance estimate to the Cygnus Loop of Medina et al. to about 800 pc.
GC3-biased gene domains in mammalian genomes
Authors: Shen Wenlong , Wang Dong , Ye Bingyu , Shi Minglei , Ma Lei , Zhang Yan , Zhao Zhihu 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Synonymous codon usage bias has been shown to be correlated with many genomic features among different organisms. However, the biological significance of codon bias with respect to gene function and genome organization remains unclear.
Results: Guanine and cytosine content at the third codon position (GC3) could be used as a good indicator of codon bias. Here, we used relative GC3 bias values to compare the strength of GC3 bias of genes in human and mouse. We reported, for the first time, that GC3-rich and GC3-poor gene products might have distinct sub-cellular spatial distributions. Moreover, we extended the view of genomic gene domains and identified conserved GC3 biased gene domains along chromosomes. Our results indicated that similar GC3 biased genes might be co-translated in specific spatial regions to share local translational machineries, and that GC3 could be involved in the organization of genome architecture.
Availability and implementation: Source code is available upon request from the authors.
Contact: zhaozh@nic.bmi.ac.cn or zany1983@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pediatric Functional Constipation Gastrointestinal Symptom Profile Compared With Healthy Controls
Authors: Varni James W. , Nurko Samuel , Shulman Robert J. , Self Mariella M. , Saps Miguel , Bendo Cristiane B. , Vaughan Dark Chelsea , Pohl John F. ,   Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module Testing Study Consortium
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Patient‐reported outcomes are necessary to evaluate the gastrointestinal symptom profile of patients with functional constipation. Study objectives were to compare the gastrointestinal symptom profile of pediatric patients with functional constipation with matched healthy controls with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Worry Scales and to establish clinical interpretability in functional constipation through identification of minimal important difference (MID) scores. The secondary objective compared the symptom profile of patients with functional constipation with patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Methods: :Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales were completed in a 9‐site study by 116 pediatric patients with functional constipation and 188 parents. Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales measuring stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, food and drink limits, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, nausea and vomiting, gas and bloating, constipation, blood in poop, and diarrhea were administered along with Gastrointestinal Worry Scales. A total of 341 families with healthy children and 43 families with patients with IBS completed the scales.Results:A broad profile of gastrointestinal symptoms and worry were reported by patients with functional constipation in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.001) with large effect sizes (>0.80) across the majority of symptom domains. Patients with IBS manifested a broader symptom profile than functional constipation, with differences for stomach pain, stomach discomfort when eating, and worry about stomachaches, with similar constipation scores.Conclusions:Pediatric patients with functional constipation report a broad gastrointestinal symptom profile in comparison with healthy controls and only somewhat fewer symptoms than patients with IBS, highlighting the critical need for more efficacious interventions to achieve healthy functioning.
Acute Gastric Volvulus in a 16-Year-Old Male Adolescent
Authors: Espinola Dimas C. , Nankoe Sharif R. , Eslami Pegeen W. 
Published: May 2015

Objective
We described a case of acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus in a male adolescent who presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED).

Case
A previously healthy male adolescent presented to the pediatric ED with gradual onset of epigastric pain, emesis, and a soft and nondistended abdomen. After evaluation, management, and resolution of the pain, the patient was discharged home with a primary care follow-up plan. Approximately 5 hours after discharge, the patient returned to the pediatric ED with worsening abdominal pain, the inability to tolerate oral intake, and a firm and distended abdomen. Subsequent evaluation identified an acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. Pediatric surgeons performed an exploratory laparotomy, reduction of the gastric volvulus, and gastropexy, and the patient was discharged after a brief hospitalization.

Conclusions
Acute gastric volvulus can present with symptoms similar to benign abdominal etiologies. Timely diagnosis and intervention are key to improved outcomes for patients.