bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of adaptation and progression in idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury, clinical implications
Authors: Dara Lily , Liu Zhang‐Xu , Kaplowitz Neil 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the past decade our understanding of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (IDILI) and the contribution of genetic susceptibility and the adaptive immune system to the pathogenesis of this disease process has grown tremendously. One of the characteristics of IDILI is that it occurs rarely and only in a subset of individuals with a presumed susceptibility to the drug. Despite a clear association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and certain drugs that cause IDILI, not all individuals with susceptible HLA genotypes develop clinically significant liver injury when exposed to drugs. The adaptation hypothesis has been put forth as an explanation for why only a small percentage of susceptible individuals develop overt IDILI and severe injury, while the majority with susceptible genotypes develop only mild abnormalities that resolve spontaneously upon continuation of the drug. This spontaneous resolution is referred to as clinical adaptation. Failure to adapt or defective adaptation leads to clinically significant liver injury. In this review we explore the immuno‐tolerant microenvironment of the liver and the mechanisms of clinical adaptation in IDILI with a focus on the role of immune‐tolerance and cellular adaptive responses.
Effects of amino acid starvation on RelA diffusive behavior in live Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Wenting , Bouveret Emmanuelle , Zhang Yan , Liu Kuanqing , Wang Jue D. , Weisshaar James C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDuring amino acid starvation, bacterial cells rapidly synthesize the nucleotides (p)ppGpp, causing a massive re‐programming of the transcriptional profile known as the stringent response. The (p)ppGpp synthase RelA is activated by ribosomes harboring an uncharged tRNA at the A site. It is unclear whether synthesis occurs while RelA is bound to the ribosome or free in the cytoplasm. We present a study of three Escherichia coli strains, each expressing a different RelA‐fluorescent protein (RelA‐FP) construct: RelA‐YFP, RelA‐mEos2 and RelA‐Dendra2. Single‐molecule localization and tracking studies were carried out under normal growth conditions and during amino acid starvation. Study of three labeling schemes enabled us to assess potential problems with FP labeling of RelA. The diffusive trajectories and axial spatial distributions indicate that amino acid starvation induces net binding of all three RelA‐FP constructs to 70S ribosomes. The data are most consistent with a model in which RelA synthesizes (p)ppGpp while bound to the 70S ribosome. We suggest a ‘short hopping time’ model of RelA activity during starvation. Our results contradict an earlier study of RelA‐Dendra2 diffusion that inferred off‐ribosome synthesis of (p)ppGpp. The reasons for the discrepancy remain unclear.
Does Conflict Content Affect Learning from Simulations? A Cross‐National Inquiry into the Israeli‐Palestinian and Guatemalan Conflict Scenarios
Authors: Cuhadar C. Esra , Kampf Ronit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is important to find out whether the content of a simulation has any effect on learning, whether students learn better when the simulation is about a conflict they directly experience as opposed to a conflict they have hardly heard about, and whether learning about a specific conflict changes from one identity group to another. In this article, we address these questions in a five‐group experimental study, with direct parties to the conflict (Israeli‐Jewish, Palestinian, and Guatemalan), third/secondary parties to the conflict (Turkish, American, and Brazilian), and distant parties to the conflict. Our results indicate that learning varies not only from one group to the other, but also with the salience of the conflict. While the simulations increase the level of knowledge about that particular conflict in almost all situations, when attitude change is concerned, the effects diversify from one group to the other.
Done But Not Published: The Dissertation Journeys of Roy J. Lewicki and J. Keith Murnighan
Authors: Kopelman Shirli , Lytle Anne L. , Wang Cynthia S. , Lewicki Roy J. , Murnighan J. Keith , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article explores the tumultuous path to publication that begins for many of us with trying to publish our dissertation. We invited Roy J. Lewicki and J. Keith Murnighan—the 2013 and 2015 recipients of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) Lifetime Achievement Award—to reflect on this process, as neither of them were successful in getting their dissertation articles published. We also asked them to reflect on the twists and turns of academic publishing, and we asked Max Bazerman to integrate these reflections. Together, we hope to spark generative conversations that will enable scholars to successfully navigate their academic careers.
Recurrent lupus nephritis after transplantation: Clinicopathological evaluation with protocol biopsies
Authors: Çeltİk Aygül , Şen Saİt , Tamer Abdülkerİm Furkan , Yılmaz Mümtaz , Sarsık Banu , Özkahya Mehmet , Başçı Alı , Töz Hüseyİn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimLupus nephritis (LN) is an important complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim is to use indication and protocol biopsies to determine clinicopathological findings and outcomes of patients with LN undergoing kidney transplantation (KTx).MethodsPatients who underwent KTx due to LN were retrospectively analyzed. Recurrent LN (RLN) was diagnosed by transplant kidney biopsy.ResultsAmong 955 KTx patients, 12 patients with LN as the cause of end‐stage renal disease were enrolled. Five patients were male. Mean follow‐up time was 63 ± 34 months. At the last follow‐up visit, mean levels of serum creatinine and proteinuria were 137.0 ± 69.0 µmol/L and 0.26 ± 0.26 g/day, respectively. Eighteen indication and 22 protocol biopsies were performed; 27 biopsies were additionally evaluated by immunofluorescence. In two recipients, subclinical RLN was confirmed by protocol biopsies. Clinical recurrence occurred in four patients. Among patients with RLN, time from diagnosis of LN to KTx was significantly shorter and use of ATG as induction treatment was significantly lower. Graft loss occurred in two recipients who had clinical RLN. Five‐year overall graft survival was 85.7%.ConclusionKidney transplantation is a reasonable option for patients with ESRD secondary to SLE. However, recurrence of LN is common if protocol biopsies are included in post‐transplantation surveillance.
TaGS5‐3A, a grain size gene selected during wheat improvement for larger kernel and yield
Authors: Ma Lin , Li Tian , Hao Chenyang , Wang Yuquan , Chen Xinhong , Zhang Xueyong 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGrain size is a dominant component of grain weight in cereals. Earlier studies have shown that OsGS5 plays a major role in regulating both grain size and weight in rice via promotion of cell division. In this study, we isolated TaGS5 homoeologues in wheat and mapped them on chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D. Temporal and spatial expression analysis showed that TaGS5 homoeologues were preferentially expressed in young spikes and developing grains. Two alleles of TaGS5‐3A, TaGS5‐3A‐T and TaGS5‐3A‐G were identified in wheat accessions, and a functional marker was developed to discriminate them. Association analysis revealed that TaGS5‐3A‐T was significantly correlated with larger grain size and higher thousand kernel weight. Biochemical assays showed that TaGS5‐3A‐T possesses a higher enzymatic activity than TaGS5‐3A‐G. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing TaGS5‐3A‐T also exhibited larger grain size and higher thousand kernel weight than TaGS5‐3A‐G lines, and the transcript levels of cell cycle‐related genes in TaGS5‐3A‐T lines were higher than those in TaGS5‐3A‐G lines. Furthermore, systematic evolution analysis in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat showed that TaGS5‐3A underwent strong artificial selection during wheat polyploidization events and the frequency changes of two alleles demonstrated that TaGS5‐3A‐T was favoured in global modern wheat cultivars. These results suggest that TaGS5‐3A is a positive regulator of grain size and its favoured allele TaGS5‐3A‐T exhibits a larger potential application in wheat high‐yield breeding.
Electrophysiological correlates of emotional meaning in context in relation to facets of schizotypal personality traits: A dimensional study
Authors: Terrien Sarah , Gobin Pamela , Iakimova Galina , Coutté Alexandre , Thuaire Flavien , Baltazart Véronique , Mazzola‐Pomietto Pascale , Besche‐Richard Chrystel 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the neurocognitive processes mediating the processing of emotional information during the integration of contextual and social information in a schizotypal population.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐one healthy participants were evaluated using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and event‐related potentials were recorded during a linguistic task in which participants read sentence pairs describing short social situations to themselves. The first sentence implicitly conveyed the positive or negative emotional state of a character. The second sentence was emotionally congruent or incongruent with the first sentence.ResultsAcross our overall sample, our results revealed a greater N400 effect at right sites than left sites, whereas the late positive component effect was only observed at left sites. Concerning the correlation results, we observed a negative link between positive and global schizotypy and N400 modulation in response to congruent targets for positive context sentences. Results also showed a positive correlation between negative schizotypy and late positive component modulation in response to congruent targets for negative context sentences.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the different facets of the schizotypal personality traits influenced the integration of emotional context at the level of both early and later‐mobilized neurocognitive processes.
Novel In Vitro Antioxidant and Photoprotection Capacity of Plants from High Altitude Ecosystems of Colombia
Authors: Mejía‐Giraldo Juan C. , Henao‐Zuluaga Kelly , Gallardo Cecilia , Atehortúa Lucia , Puertas‐Mejía Miguel A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCurrently, plants have gained widespread interest as a source of natural sunscreen. Specifically, plants from high altitude ecosystems are exposed to high UVR levels; therefore, they must produce an adaptive chemical response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo‐protection and antioxidant capacity in vitro of nine plants from high altitude ecosystems in Antioquia, Colombia (Sphagnum meridense, Calamagrostis effusa, Lycopodiella alopecuroides, Morella parvifolia, Baccharis antioquensis, Pentacalia pulchella, Castilleja fissifolia, Hesperomeles ferruginea and Hypericum juniperinum). B. antioquensis and P. pulchella extracts showed the best results over a broad spectrum UVA‐UVB with antioxidant capacity in vitro. However, B. antioquensis extracts presented the highest absorption coefficient in UVB‐UVA range among plants under study. Furthermore, the gel formulation containing the crude extract of B. antioquensis showed significant values of UVAPF, UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength (λc) and SPF (3, 0.78 380 nm and 4.73 ± 0.26; respectively), indicating interesting photostability and antiradical capacities. All of these properties could be improve in order to satisfy the requirements for broad‐spectrum UVB/UVA protection. Finally, P. pulchella and B. antioquensis extracts could be a potential source of a new natural sunscreen compounds with photostable and antiradical properties.
The host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep
Authors: McRae K. M. , Stear M. J. , Good B. , Keane O. M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGastrointestinal nematode infection represents a major threat to the health, welfare and productivity of sheep populations worldwide. Infected lambs have a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in morbidity and occasional mortality. The current chemo‐dominant approach to nematode control is considered unsustainable due to the increasing incidence of anthelmintic resistance. In addition, there is growing consumer demand for food products from animals not subjected to chemical treatment. Future mechanisms of nematode control must rely on alternative, sustainable strategies such as vaccination or selective breeding of resistant animals. Such strategies take advantage of the host's natural immune response to nematodes. The ability to resist gastrointestinal nematode infection is considered to be dependent on the development of a protective acquired immune response, although the precise immune mechanisms involved in initiating this process remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, current knowledge on the innate and acquired host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and the development of immunity is reviewed.
Preparing for (valenced) action: The role of differential effort in the orthogonalized go/no‐go task
Authors: Schevernels Hanne , Bombeke Klaas , Krebs Ruth M. , Boehler C. Nico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAssociating reward to task performance has been shown to benefit scores of cognitive functions. Importantly, this typically entails associating reward to the execution of a response, hence intertwining action‐related processes with motivational ones. However, recently, preparatory action requirements (go/no‐go) and outcome valence (reward/punishment) were elegantly separated using a cued orthogonalized go/no‐go task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results from this task showed that typical areas of the “reward network,” like the dopaminergic midbrain and the striatum, predominantly encode action rather than valence, displaying enhanced activity when preparing for action (go) compared to inaction (no‐go). In the current study, we used ERPs to probe for differences in preparatory state related to cognitive effort in this task, which has similarly been linked to reward‐network activity. Importantly, the contingent negative variation, which is linked to effortful cognitive preparation processes during cue‐target intervals, was clearly observed in go trials but not in no‐go trials. Moreover, target‐locked ERP results (N1 and P3) suggested that attention to the target was enhanced when an action had to be performed (go trials), and typical inhibition‐related ERP components were not observed in no‐go trials, suggesting a lack of active response inhibition. Finally, feedback‐related P3 results could suggest that correct feedback was valued more in motivated go trials, again implying that more effort was required to correctly perform the task. Together, these results indicate that the anticipation of action compared to inaction simultaneously entails differences in mental effort, highlighting the need for further dissociation of these concepts.
Proteomic Characterization of Zinc‐Binding Proteins of Canine Seminal Plasma
Authors: Mogielnicka‐Brzozowska M , Kowalska N , Fraser L , Kordan W 
Published: October 2015

ContentsThe zinc‐binding proteins (ZnBPs) of the seminal plasma are implicated in different processes related to sperm–egg fusion. The aim of this study was to characterize the ZnBPs of canine seminal plasma using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and mass spectrometry. The ZnBPs were isolated from the ejaculates of five dogs by affinity chromatography and subjected to 2D‐PAGE analysis. The acquired spots, detected across the gels, were analysed by mass spectrometry. Using 2D‐PAGE analysis, it was shown that canine seminal plasma comprised about 46–57 zinc‐binding polypeptides, with molecular mass ranging from 9.3 to 138.7 kDa and pI at pH 5.2–10.0. It was found that zinc‐binding polypeptides of low molecular masses (9.3–19.0 kDa and pI at pH 6.1–10.0) were predominant in the seminal plasma, and seven polypeptides, with molecular masses ranging from 11.7 to 15.4 kDa and pI at pH 6.8–8.7, were characterized by high optical density values. In addition, analysis with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS/MS) revealed that the identified seven polypeptides are canine prostate‐specific esterase (CPSE), which is the main proteolytic enzyme of the seminal plasma. The findings of this study indicate an important regulatory role of seminal plasma zinc ions in the functional activity of CPSE, which is of great significance for maintaining the normal function of canine prostate and the spermatozoa functions.
Patterns of International Capital Flows and Productivity Growth: New Evidence
Authors: MacDonald Margaux 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent evidence from developing and emerging economies shows a negative correlation between growth and net capital inflows, a contradiction to neoclassical growth theory. I provide updated and disaggregated evidence on the origins of this puzzle. An analysis of the components of capital flows and of gross portfolio positions shows that foreign direct investment is directed towards countries with the highest growth rates, but that portfolio investment outflows exceed these inflows. Liberalized capital accounts further exacerbate this pattern. My results suggest a desire for international portfolio diversification in liquid assets by fast‐growing countries lies at the heart of the puzzle.
From Registers to Repertoires of Identification in National Identity Discourses: A Comparative Study of Nationally Mixed People in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Unterreiner Anne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs nationally mixed people have parents born in different countries, they can potentially identify with multiple national reference groups, allowing the researcher to study national identification processes. The analysis of approximately one hundred people of nationally mixed background living in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom highlights different registers of identification. There are important differences in how nationally mixed people articulate them, which leads to the identification of different national repertoires of identification. In France, a strong French national identity was emphasized, whereas German national identity seems more fragile because it depends mainly on cultural socialization. In the United Kingdom, non‐national identities are developed in a context where the national community is not clearly defined, while ethnicity is publicly recognized. The register and repertoire of identification concepts thus allow the researcher to analyse identity discourses and then explain national differences through international comparison.
Migrant Responses to Popular Uses of the Australian Flag
Authors: Austin Catherine , Fozdar Farida 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAustralian nationalism, once seen as laconic and understated, has become increasingly shrill over the last fifteen years. One evidence is the growing popular use of Australian flags, particularly their display on cars to celebrate the national day. Popular use of the flag has been encouraged by relevant government bodies, such as the National Australia Day Council. This article explores migrants' responses to the flag display. Qualitative interviews and focus group discussions identified a continuum of reactions ranging from inclusion to exclusion. Contrary to expectations, many migrants see it as simply a demonstration of festivity and pride, in which they feel included. While recognizing that the flag display could represent exclusionary nationalism, migrants carefully attribute this usage to a limited number of individuals, rather than seeing it as emblematic of a more generally held sentiment. Additionally, migrants tend to read the flag through civic, transnational, and multicultural lenses, in order to see themselves as included in the identity that it is seen to portray.
Boundaries in Shaping the Rohingya Identity and the Shifting Context of Borderland Politics
Authors: Farzana Kazi Fahmida 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn recent years, new waves of ethnic violence in the Arakan (Rakhine) state of Burma (Myanmar) have resulted in increased internal displacement and the continued exodus of the Rohingya people to neighbouring countries. At the heart of this problem is the fact that Burma (which the Rohingyas claim as their ancestral land) and Bangladesh (where many Rohingyas are unwelcome and/or undocumented refugees) continue to deny the Rohingyas their political identity, each insisting that the displaced Rohingyas are the responsibility of the other. This study examines the history of the region to explore how political identities are shaped (generally) and how Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, living along the borders, identify themselves in the midst of political sovereignty claims and a social space that exists across artificially drawn borders (specifically). This article argues that the true political identity of the displaced Rohingya refugees can be located in their social memory and their life‐politics in the borderlands. In this social memory, the Rohingyas' beliefs in ethnicity, identity, and belongingness play an important role in shaping their current identity. Their production of cultural artefacts while in exile suggests a non‐conventional resistance, and the close proximity of the refugees to their homeland creates a completely different psychology of attachment and alienation, which needs further attention in refugee studies. Such an understanding of life‐politics along the border may challenge our current understanding of borderland conflicts within the framework of state‐imposed boundaries. The boundaries of identity may go beyond traditional notions of national borders and the identity of the state.
Interleukin‐21 Induces Proliferation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile of Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Xing R. , Yang L. , Jin Y. , Sun L. , Li C. , Li Z. , Zhao J. , Liu X. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through aggressive proliferation and invasion, and certain proinflammatory cytokines may affect synoviocyte proliferation. To evaluate whether interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) could promote proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production by RA‐FLS, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed to observe the expression of IL‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) in synovial tissues and FLS from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The MTS assay was used to analyse RA‐FLS proliferation. The concentrations of IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in culture supernatants were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The signalling pathways triggered by IL‐21 were characterized by immunoblotting. IL‐21R was upregulated in the synovial tissues and FLS of RA patients as compared with OA patients. IL‐21 stimulated RA‐FLS proliferation and promoted the production of TNF‐α and IL‐6 and blockade of IL‐21/IL‐21R pathway with IL‐21R.Fc attenuated IL‐21‐induced proliferation and secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6. Moreover, IL‐21 induced activation of the ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT and STAT3 pathways, and blockade of these pathways attenuated IL‐21‐induced proliferation and secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6. These results suggest that IL‐21 could promote RA‐FLS proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting IL‐21 might be effective for the treatment of RA.