bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omental pedicle flaps following proctectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Killeen S. , Devaney A. , Mannion M. , Martin S. T. , Winter D. C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimAbdominoperineal excision (APR) for cancer carries significant morbidity of the perineal wound. An omental pedicle graft has been used to fill the pelvis and limit attendant complications after radical extirpation of the anorectum. A review of the literature was conducted to determine whether omentoplasty following APR reduces perineal wound complications.MethodThree major databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library) were searched. The review included original articles reporting outcomes after APR and omentoplasty from January 1950 to July 2012.ResultsFourteen studies involving 891 patients (mean age 61 years, 59.8% men) were included. Median follow‐up was 13.5 months. A variety of omentoplasty techniques added a median of 20 min to the operating time. The mean rate of primary wound healing was 66.8%, time to wound healing 24 days and weighted mean wound infection rate 14.4% with omentoplasty compared with 50.1%, 79 days and 18.5% in patients having no omentoplasty.ConclusionOmental mobilization, transfer and buttressing of primary perineal repair following proctectomy reduces perineal wound morbidity with minimal additional operating time or flap‐associated morbidity.
Family function and its relationship to injury severity and psychiatric outcome in children with acquired brain injury: a systematized review
Authors: Lax Pericall Maria Teresa , Taylor Eric 
Published: August 2013

AimThe psychological and psychiatric outcome of children with acquired brain injury is influenced by many variables. A review was undertaken to clarify the contribution of family function, how it relates to injury severity, and what particular aspects of family function influence psychological outcome in this group.MethodA systematized review of the literature of studies published between 1970 and 2012 fromOvidMedline,PsychoInfo,PsycARTICLES, andCochrane was undertaken focusing on family function, injury severity, and psychiatric outcome.ResultsThirty‐six papers met the inclusion criteria. Injury severity was linked to the development of organic personality change. Family function before injury, measured by theFamilyAssessmentDevice or theClinicalRatingScale, had a statistically significant effect on general psychological functioning in six out of eight studies. Family function had a significant effect for oppositional defiant disorder and secondary attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder. The effects of family function may differ depending on the age of the child and the severity of the injury. Some styles of parenting moderated recovery. After injury, family function was related to the child's contemporaneous psychiatric symptoms. The level of evidence for these papers was 3 or 4 (OxfordCentre forEvidence‐basedMedicine criteria).InterpretationScreening for some aspects of family functioning before injury and family function during the rehabilitation phase may identify children at risk of psychiatric disorders.
The dynamics of wage determination in Romania
Authors: Christou Costas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article examines wage developments in Romania over the last 20 years, discusses the evolving role of government wage policy and structural labour market changes, and analyses the dynamics of the wage determination process. It finds that government wage policy has had a significant demonstration effect on private sector wages, driven mainly by policy decisions over the past few years. The article also finds strong causality from private sector wages to wages in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and government. No causality was found for changes in government wages to wages in SOEs or from SOE wages to private sector wages.
Communication between plants: induced resistance in poplar seedlings following herbivore infestation, mechanical wounding, and volatile treatment of the neighbors
Authors: Tang Fang , Zhao Wen‐Liang , Gao Xi‐Wu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe possibility of communication between plants was proposed over 25 years ago, although previous demonstrations have suffered from methodological problems and have not been widely accepted. Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) and Clostera anastomosis (L.) (both Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) are important leaf‐feeding insects on poplars (Populus spp.; Salicaceae). There is no report of M. troglodyta‐ or C. anastomosis‐induced plant–plant communication up to now. To understand the regulatory mechanism of poplar defense responses, the specific activities of the presumed anti‐herbivore enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) were determined in poplar seedlings treated with herbivore infestation and volatiles, artificially damaged seedlings, and intact healthy poplar seedlings growing nearby. The expression levels of PPO, POD, PAL, and LOX were elevated in poplar seedlings treated by herbivore infestation, mechanical wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or benzothiazole. Furthermore, plants neighboring the treated poplar seedlings also showed increased expression levels of PPO, POD, PAL, and LOX relative to the control. These induced responses against feeding injury, mechanical wounding, and volatile treatment in expression levels of PPO, POD, PAL, and LOX suggest interplant communication between poplar seedlings.
Could Reliability Naturally Imply Safety?
Authors: Palermos Spyridon Orestis 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to argue that robust virtue epistemology is correct. That is, a complete account of knowledge is not in need for an additional modal criterion in order to account for knowledge‐undermining epistemic luck. I begin by presenting the problems facing robust virtue epistemology by examining two prominent counterexamples—the Barney and ‘epistemic twin earth’ cases. After proposing a way in which virtue epistemology can explain away these two problematic cases, thereby, implying that cognitive abilities are also safe, I offer a naturalistic explanation in support of this last claim, inspired by evolutionary epistemology. Finally, I argue that naturalized epistemology should not be thought of as being exclusively descriptive. On the contrary, the evolutionary story I offer in support of the claim that reliability implies safety can provide us with a plausible epistemic norm.
Forest bolsters bird abundance, pest control and coffee yield
Authors: Karp Daniel S. , Mendenhall Chase D. , Sandí Randi Figueroa , Chaumont Nicolas , Ehrlich Paul R. , Hadly Elizabeth A. , Daily Gretchen C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEfforts to maximise crop yields are fuelling agricultural intensification, exacerbating the biodiversity crisis. Low‐intensity agricultural practices, however, may not sacrifice yields if they support biodiversity‐driven ecosystem services. We quantified the value native predators provide to farmers by consuming coffee's most damaging insect pest, the coffee berry borer beetle (Hypothenemus hampei). Our experiments in Costa Rica showed birds reduced infestation by ~ 50%, bats played a marginal role, and farmland forest cover increased pest removal. We identified borer‐consuming bird species by assaying faeces for borer DNA and found higher borer‐predator abundances on more forested plantations. Our coarse estimate is that forest patches doubled pest control over 230 km2 by providing habitat for ~ 55 000 borer‐consuming birds. These pest‐control services prevented US$75–US$310 ha‐year−1 in damage, a benefit per plantation on par with the average annual income of a Costa Rican citizen. Retaining forest and accounting for pest control demonstrates a win–win for biodiversity and coffee farmers.
Clinical dissection of early onset absence epilepsy in children and prognostic implications
Authors: Agostinelli Sergio , Accorsi Patrizia , Beccaria Francesca , Belcastro Vincenzo , Canevini Maria Paola , Capovilla Giuseppe , Cappanera Silvia , Bernardina Bernardo Dalla , Darra Francesca , Gaudio Luigi Del , Elia Maurizio , Falsaperla Raffaele , Giordano Lucio , Gobbi Giuseppe , Minetti Carlo , Nicita Francesco , Parisi Pasquale , Pavone Piero , Pezzella Marianna , Sesta Michela , Spalice Alberto , Striano Salvatore , Tozzi Elisabetta , Traverso Monica , Vari Stella , Vignoli Aglaia , Zamponi Nelia , Zara Federico , Striano Pasquale , Verrotti Alberto ,   on behalf of the SINP (Società Italiana Neurologia Pediatrica) Collaborative Working Group
Published: August 2013

SummaryPurposeTo investigate whether patients with typical absence seizures (TAS) starting in the first 3 years of life, conformed to Panayiotopoulos's definition of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), show different electroclinical course than those not fulfillingCAEcriteria.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, we choose a fixed duration follow‐up of 36 months to examine the electroclinical course of epilepsy in all children withTASstarting before 3 years of age. The probands who fulfilled Panayiotopoulos's criteria forCAEwere classified as having pure early onset absence epilepsy (P‐EOAE), whereas those who did not as nonpureEOAE(NP‐EOAE). In addition, these two groups of patients were further stratified according to the number of antiepileptic drugs taken to obtain initial seizure control (mono‐, bi‐, and tritherapy).Key FindingsPatients with P‐EOAE(n = 111) showed earlier initial seizure control (p = 0.030) and better seizure‐free survival curve (p = 0.004) than those withNP‐EOAE(n = 77). No mutation inSLC2A1gene or abnormal neuroimaging was observed in P‐EOAE. Among patients withNP‐EOAE, those receiving tritherapy showed increased risk of structural brain abnormalities (p = 0.001) orSLC2A1mutations (p = 0.001) but fewer myoclonic features (p = 0.031) and worse seizure‐free survival curve (p = 0.047) than those treated with mono‐ and bitherapy. Children withNP‐EOAEhad 2.134 the odds of having relapse during the follow‐up compare to those with P‐EOAE.SignificanceChildren with early onsetTASwho did meet Panayiotopoulos's criteria showed a favorable course of epilepsy, whereas patients not fulfilling Panayiotopoulos's criteria showed increased risk of relapse at long‐term follow‐up.
Dimensions of Animal Personalities in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Zipser Benjamin , Kaiser Sylvia , Sachser Norbert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBehavioural phenotypes can be studied from a variety of perspectives. Recent developments have focused on the individual, seeking patterns of behaviour that are stable over time and/or across different contexts (animal personalities). This study applied this method of understanding individual behavioural variability to domestic guinea pigs. Two behavioural domains were investigated: emotionality and social behaviour. Additionally, individual cortisol–stress reactivity and dominance status were examined. Adult male domestic guinea pigs living in large mixed‐sex colonies were subjected to a series of behavioural and physiological tests twice with an intertest interval of 8 wk. Individual consistency over time was found regarding social behaviour, cortisol reactivity and dominance status, whereas no stability regarding emotional behaviour was detected. Furthermore, no stability over contexts was found. Our results suggest that the concept of animal personality is applicable to domestic guinea pigs. The ecological relevance of these data is underscored by the fact that they were obtained in animals from a very rich, socially complex scenario. Moreover, our study highlights that behaviour alone is not sufficient to describe individual phenotypic consistency. Physiological parameters such as stress reactivity should be included in animal personality research. Furthermore dominance – a relative measure which is not an absolute attribute of individuals – proved to be stable over time and thus also shed light on individuality.
Impact evaluation of spear fishing on fish communities in an urban area of São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago)
Authors: Diogo H. M. C. , Pereira J. G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study was conducted in São Miguel Island (Azores archipelago) providing the first evidence from Macaronesia of spear fishing impacts on fish communities. The shoreline was monitored during 10 months by access point surveys where 220 fishers were interviewed and 27 target fish species were identified. Mean sizes of top predators and highly vulnerable species were generally less than the respective minimum first maturation length. Species intrinsic vulnerability was moderate with an average of 46.7 (max. 100). There are indications that spear fishers, in the absence of high trophic level and larger species, target smaller and lower trophic level fish, atypical of a highly selective fishery. Daily bag limits were not respected in 36.9% of spear fishing operations and 59% of the catch from the area was illegally sold, a practice likely to have negative consequences for the commercial sector.
A Geochemical Approach to Determine Sources and Movement of Saline Groundwater in a Coastal Aquifer
Authors: Anders Robert , Mendez Gregory O. , Futa Kiyoto , Danskin Wesley R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGeochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping of the subsurface when geological information is unavailable. Chloride concentrations of groundwater in a coastal aquifer near San Diego, California, range from about 57 to 39,400 mg/L. On the basis of relative proportions of major‐ions, the chemical composition is classified as Na‐Ca‐Cl‐SO4, Na‐Cl, or Na‐Ca‐Cl type water. δ2H and δ18O values range from −47.7‰ to −12.8‰ and from −7.0‰ to −1.2‰, respectively. The isotopically depleted groundwater occurs in the deeper part of the coastal aquifer, and the isotopically enriched groundwater occurs in zones of sea water intrusion. 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from about 0.7050 to 0.7090, and differ between shallower and deeper flow paths in the coastal aquifer. 3H and 14C analyses indicate that most of the groundwater was recharged many thousands of years ago. The analysis of multiple chemical and isotopic tracers indicates that the sources and movement of saline groundwater in the San Diego coastal aquifer are dominated by: (1) recharge of local precipitation in relatively shallow parts of the flow system; (2) regional flow of recharge of higher‐elevation precipitation along deep flow paths that freshen a previously saline aquifer; and (3) intrusion of sea water that entered the aquifer primarily during premodern times. Two northwest‐to‐southeast trending sections show the spatial distribution of the different geochemical groups and suggest the subsurface in the coastal aquifer can be separated into two predominant hydrostratigraphic layers.
The evolving classification of soft tissue tumours – an update based on the new 2013 WHO classification
Authors: Fletcher Christopher D M 
Published: August 2013

The new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue tumours was published in early 2013, almost 11 years after the previous edition. While the number of newly recognized entities included for the first time is fewer than that in 2002, there have instead been substantial steps forward in molecular genetic and cytogenetic characterization of this family of tumours, leading to more reproducible diagnosis, a more meaningful classification scheme and providing new insights regarding pathogenesis, which previously has been obscure in most of these lesions. This brief overview summarizes changes in the classification in each of the broad categories of soft tissue tumour (adipocytic, fibroblastic, etc.) and also provides a short summary of newer genetic data which have been incorporated in the WHO classification.
Attitudes to rapid HIV testing among Spanish General Practitioners
Authors: Agustí C , Fernàndez‐López L , Mascort J , Carrillo R , Aguado C , Montoliu A , Puigdangolas X , De la Poza M , Rifà B , Casabona J 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to investigate the acceptability of rapid HIV testing among general practitioners in Spain and to identify perceived barriers and needs in order to implement rapid testing in primary care settings.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed online to all members of the two largest Spanish scientific medical societies for family and community medicine. The study took place between 15th June and 31st October 2010.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were returned by 1308 participants. The majority (90.8%) of respondents were General Practitioners (GP). Among all respondents, 70.4% were aware of the existence of rapid tests for the diagnosis of HIV but they did not know how to use them. Nearly 80% of participants would be willing to offer rapid HIV testing in their practices and 74.7% would be confident of the results obtained by these tests. The barriers most commonly identified by respondents were a lack of time and a need for training, both in the use of rapid tests (44.3% and 56.4%, respectively) and required pre‐ and post‐test counselling (59.2% and 34.5%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study reveals a high level of acceptance and willingness on the part of GPs to offer rapid HIV testing in their practices. Nevertheless, the implementation of rapid HIV testing in primary care will not be possible without moving from comprehensive pre‐test counselling towards brief pre‐test information and improving training in the use of rapid tests.
Feasibility and acceptability of HIV screening through the use of rapid tests by general practitioners in a Brussels area with a substantial African community
Authors: Gennotte A‐F , Semaille P , Ellis C , Necsoi C , Abdulatif M , Chellum N , Evaldre C , Laporte F , Mernier M , Ounchif K , Gidiuta D , Schellens M‐J , Clumeck N 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo assess:1) if HIV screening with rapid tests in neighbourhoods with a substantial African community is feasible and acceptable among GPs and patients; 2) HIV seroprevalence.MethodsMulticenter prospective study with 10 trained physicians. Use of HIV standard test and INSTI Ultrarapid test. Inclusion criteria: MSM, sex worker, multiple sexual partners, having returned or coming from a country with high HIV prevalence, IVDU, Indicator conditions as defined by HIV Indicator Diseases across Europe Study, having an AIDS‐defining illness, having had a recent pregnancy or abortion; or presenting other risks.ResultsFrom August 2010 to August 2011, 10 trained GPs offered an HIV test to 224 patients: 51% ♀, 48% ♂, 43% Caucasians, 45% Africans. Inclusion criteria: 32% ”high risk group”, 9% returning from an endemic country, 29% with an indicator condition; 12 patients (6%) refused the standard test. The INSTI was offered to 217(97%), 197 performed with 2 reactive rapid tests confirmed. The seroprevalence according to ethnic origin was 0% among Caucasians and 2.2% among Africans and was 1.5% among patients with an indicator condition. 1087 consecutive consultations of the same GPs were recorded: 42% patients had ≥1 inclusion criteria among which 41% of offered tests, that is to say 59% of “missed opportunities”. The reasons for not offering the test as recorded for 55% of patients:“not indicated” 44.5%, “no time” 33%, “impossible to propose” 15%, test completed previously 11%, known HIV‐positive 4%.ConclusionsStandard and rapid tests are well received by patients but were usually not offered by doctors who have been trained.
Acute kidney injury caused by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and diclofenac co‐administration
Authors: Bickel M , Khaykin P , Stephan C , Schmidt K , Buettner M , Amann K , Lutz T , Gute P , Haberl A , Geiger H , Brodt HR , Jung O 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesThe renal elimination of tenofovir (TFV) may be subject to renal drug−drug interactions that may increase the risk of kidney injury. Case reports indicated that diclofenac might increase TFV‐associated nephrotoxicity via a drug−drug interaction, leading to an increased intracellular TFV concentration in proximal tubular cells.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data for all patients from the Frankfurt HIV Cohort (FHC) who had diclofenac prescriptions between January 2008 and June 2012 was carried out.ResultsAmong 89 patients with diclofenac use, 61 patients (68.5%) were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and 28 patients (31.5%) were treated with TDF‐sparing combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Thirteen patients (14.6%) developed acute kidney injury (AKI) shortly after initiating diclofenac treatment. AKI occurred exclusively in TDF‐treated patients, although all had previously stable renal function. All cases were accompanied by new onset of at least two parameters indicating proximal tubular damage, such as normoglycaemic‐glucosuria and hypophosphataemia. TFV‐associated nephrotoxicity was demonstrated by renal biopsy in four cases. Additionally, 11.5% of patients on TDF treatment developed new‐onset proximal tubular damage, while having a preserved glomerular filtration rate. In contrast, diclofenac did not affect renal function in patients with TDF‐sparing cART, as only one case of isolated hypophataemia was observed in these patients. In univariate analysis, risk factors for AKI were TDF‐containing cART (P = 0.0076) and pre‐existing hypophosphataemia (P = 0.0086).ConclusionsDrug−drug interaction caused by diclofenac could exacerbate TFV‐associated nephrotoxicity. Diclofenac should be used with caution in patients on TDF therapy, especially in those with hypophosphataemia. Our findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
An inter‐laboratory evaluation of OD‐3 zircon for use as a secondary U–Pb dating standard
Authors: Iwano Hideki , Orihashi Yuji , Hirata Takafumi , Ogasawara Masatsugu , Danhara Tohru , Horie Kenji , Hasebe Noriko , Sueoka Shigeru , Tamura Akihiro , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Katsube Aya , Ito Hisatoshi , Tani Kenichiro , Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Chang Qing , Kouchi Yoshikazu , Haruta Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Koshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractZircon OD‐3 from the Paleogene Kawamoto Granodiorite (Mihara body) in Japan has been identified as a potential multi‐grain secondary standard for U–Pb dating. We have carried out an inter‐laboratory evaluation in order to evaluate possible heterogeneity amongst the OD‐3 zircon grains. U–Pb ages were obtained using two analytical techniques (a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe and a laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry) in eight laboratories. All the 238U–206Pb ages show good agreement, with an overall weighted average 238U–206Pb age of 33.0 ± 0.1 Ma (2σ). The U–Pb age results revealed no significant variation or heterogeneity in the U–Pb ages of the OD‐3 grains. Twelve fission‐track (FT) ages from three laboratories are also reported, and have a weighted average of 32.6 ± 0.6 Ma (2σ). Despite the different closure and annealing temperatures of the U–Pb and FT chronometers, respectively, the FT age is in good agreement with the U–Pb age. This suggests that the OD‐3 zircon had a relatively fast cooling history and has not experienced later thermal annealing. The chronological dataset reported here clearly demonstrates that the OD‐3 zircon could be a useful and reliable secondary standard for use during U–Pb dating studies of Cenozoic zircons.