bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inpatient Treatment of Personality‐disordered Offenders: Multidisciplinary Successes and Tensions
Authors: Taylor Celia 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe “Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder” (DSPD) program of pilot treatment units was established following the high profile double homicide of a mother and one of her two daughters: the very kind of stranger killing that, although in fact extremely rare, the public identifies with most fearfully. This paper describes one of the medium secure DSPD services in terms of the nature of the patients’ difficulties, and the treatment model that was established to address the dual task of reducing the risks they pose to the public and improving psychological health. The impact upon staff and upon teams working with such a disturbed and dangerous group of men is explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Expression of Otolith Matrix Protein‐1 and Otolin‐1 in Normally and Kinetotically Swimming Fish
Authors: Weigele Jochen , Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. , Hilbig Reinhard 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTKinetosis (motion sickness) has been repeatedly shown to affect some fish of a given clutch following the transition from 1g to microgravity or from hypergravity to 1g. This susceptibility to kinetosis may be correlated with irregular inner ear otolith growth. Otoliths are mainly composed of calcium carbonate and matrix proteins, which play an important role in the process of otolith mineralization. Here, we examine the morphology of otoliths and the expression pattern of the major otolith proteins OMP‐1 and otolin‐1 in a series of hypergravity experiments. In the utricle, OMP‐1 is present in centripetal (medial) and centrifugal (lateral) regions of the meshwork area. In the saccule, OMP‐1 was expressed within a dorsal and a ventral narrow band of the meshwork area opposite to the periphery of the sulcus acusticus. In normal animals, the spatial expression pattern of OMP‐1 reaches more posteriorly in the centrifugal aspect and is considerably broader in the centripetal portion of the utricle compared to kinetotic animals. However, otolin‐1 was not expressed in the utricule. In the saccule, no differences were observed for either gene when comparing normal and kinetotically behaving fish. The difference in the utricular OMP‐1 expression pattern between normally and kinetotically swimming fish indicates a different otolith morphology and thus a different geometry of the otoliths resting on the corresponding sensory maculae. As the utricle is the endorgan responsible for sensing gravity, the aberrant morphology of the utricular otoliths, based on OMP‐1 expression, likely leads to the observed kinetotic behavior. Anat Rec, 298:1765–1773, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Mechanochromic Luminescent Dye Exhibiting On/Off Switching by Crystalline–Amorphous Transitions
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Kizaki Kohei , Naka Kensuke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA mechanochromic luminescent dye based on a simple aminomaleimide skeleton was readily synthesized in a one‐pot process. It exhibited an on/off mechanochromic luminescent switching property dependent on external stimuli, unlike a traditional mechanochromic color change. The green emission was turned on by grinding in a mortar and turned off by heating or treatment with dichloromethane. In the crystalline state, two molecules were stacked by cofacial π–π interactions, which caused concentration self‐quenching. The crystalline‐to‐amorphous transition induced by grinding removed cofacial π–π stacking, which led to intensive emission. Crystallizing processes recovered the cofacial π–π stacking, resulting in elimination of the emission. Theoretical calculations and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the dye molecule was distorted in the crystalline state; thus even a mechanical stimulus caused the crystalline‐to‐amorphous transition.
A Domino Oxidation/Arylation/Protodecarboxylation Reaction of Salicylaldehydes: Expanded Access to meta‐Arylphenols
Authors: Luo Junfei , Preciado Sara , Araromi Solomon Olatokunbo , Larrosa Igor 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA method that allows salicylaldehydes to be efficiently transformed into meta‐arylated phenol derivatives through a cascade oxidation/arylation/protodecarboxylation sequence is presented. We demonstrate that the aldehyde functional group can be used as a convenient removable directing group to control site selectivity in C−H activation. Aldehydes are easily introduced into the starting materials and the group is readily cleaved after the C−H functionalization event.
The adjoint sensitivity of heavy rainfall to initial conditions in debris flow areas in China
Authors: Zhou Feifan , Cui Xiaopeng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBy studying three heavy rainfall events that were accompanied by debris flows in southwestern China, we find that 24‐h accumulated rainfall is most sensitive to the initial temperature. The sensitivities to wind, surface pressure, and specific humidity are generally smaller. Moreover, the upper levels of the atmosphere are identified as the sensitive levels, and the sensitive areas are the areas with heavy rainfall. These results suggest that local temperature perturbations in the upper levels are a signal of short‐term heavy rainfall in southwestern China. A validation experiment is carried out to justify the sensitivity results. The possible reasons are discussed and analyzed.
A climatology of low‐level jets in the mid‐latitudes and polar regions of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Tuononen M. , Sinclair V. A. , Vihma T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA wintertime climatology of the occurrence and characteristics of low‐level jets (LLJs) in the Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes and polar regions was developed. A LLJ detection algorithm was applied to 11 years of Arctic system reanalysis data. The highest occurrence of LLJs was associated with strong gradients in topography and with the sea‐ice edge. Sea areas fully covered with sea ice also favoured the occurrence of LLJs, however, these areas, including the central Arctic, had fewer LLJs than along the sea‐ice edge. LLJs also occurred frequently in the seldom studied Sea of Okhotsk area.
High‐level production of Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 nitrilase in Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of iminodiacetic acid
Authors: Su Erzheng , Lu Chao , Ma Xiaoqiang , Cai Wenwen , Zhu Shujing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNitrilase from Arthrobacter aurescens CYC705 can hydrolyze the iminodiacetonitrile to iminodiacetic acid (IDA) efficiently, and its high‐level production in Escherichia coli has not been established. In the present work, the production of this nitrilase expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) with a recombinant plasmid pET28a‐cyc705 was optimized. Various culture conditions and process parameters including medium components and concentrations, inducer types and concentrations, inducing temperature and time were systematically examined in a shake flask. After optimization, the OD600, nitrilase activity, and productivity were obviously improved and achieved to 40.91 ± 1.341, 98.12 ± 1.248 U/mL, and 2,230 ± 28.36 U L−1 H−1, respectively, about 2.1‐, 30‐, and 33‐fold increases as compared with those in the primary medium. Furthermore, four different fermentation strategies were adopted to scale up cultivation of the recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a‐cyc705 in a 3.7‐L fermenter. Substituting the peanut powder with fish peptone and accompanying with 1.0% glycerol feeding could significantly reduce the bubble production and shorten the fermentation time, which resulted in a nitrilase productivity of 4,653 ± 38.16 U L−1 H−1 that was about two times higher than that in a shake flask. The high‐level production of A. aurescens CYC705 nitrilase established in this study will meet the need of industrial biosynthesis of IDA.
Exploring the Generalization Process from Past Behavior to Predicting Future Behavior
Authors: Harris Lasana , Lee Victoria K. , Thompson Elizabeth H. , Kranton Rachel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSubstantial evidence in social psychology documents that traits predict behavior. Research in behavioral economics establishes prior behavioral information—the actual behavior of another person in the past—influences future decision making, suggestive of the role of traits in guiding future behavior, but agnostic to the specific psychological mechanism. Yet the entire generalization process from past behavior to predicting future behavior has not been fully explored. Additionally, previous paradigms do not adequately dissociate prediction from explanation, and provide participants with trait information, or rely on participants to generate the appropriate trait. Here, we combine literature and experimental approaches in social psychology and behavioral economics to explore the generalization process from prior behavior that guides future decisions. Across three studies utilizing consequential economic game paradigms and online questionnaires, an initial group of participants (employees) played a time estimation game and a charity donations game before a second group of participants (employers) viewed the behavior of the first group, then decided whether to invest in employees in a trust game and rock guessing game. Although participants infer trait warmth and competence from the behavioral information in the first two games, estimates of normative behavior predicted investment decisions on the warmth‐relevant games better than trait inferences. These results dissociate generalizations guided by warmth and competence behavioral information, and question the extent to which traits always serve as heuristics to predict behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐programming CHO cell metabolism using miR‐23 tips the balance towards a highly productive phenotype
Authors: Kelly Paul S. , Breen Laura , Gallagher Clair , Kelly Shane , Henry Michael , Lao Nga T. , Meleady Paula , O'Gorman Donal , Clynes Martin , Barron Niall 
Published: June 2015

AbstractmicroRNA engineering of CHO cells has already proved successful in enhancing various industrially relevant phenotypes and producing various recombinant products. A single miRNA's ability to interact with multiple mRNA targets allows their regulatory capacity to extend to processes such as cellular metabolism. Various metabolic states have previously been associated with particular CHO cell phenotypes such as glycolytic or oxidative metabolism accommodating growth and productivity, respectively. miR‐23 has previously been demonstrated to play a role in glutamate metabolism resulting in enhanced oxidative phosphorylation through the TCA cycle. Re‐programming cellular bioenergetics through miR‐23 could tip the balance, forcing mammalian production cells to be more productive by favoring metabolic channelling into oxidative metabolism. CHO clones depleted of miR‐23 using a miR‐sponge decoy demonstrated an average ∼three‐fold enhanced specific productivity with no impact on cell growth. Using a cell respirometer, mitochondrial activity was found to be enhanced by ∼30% at Complex I and II of the electron transport system. Additionally, label‐free proteomic analysis uncovered various potential novel targets of miR‐23 including LE™1 and IDH1, both implicated in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial activity. These results demonstrate miRNA‐based engineering as a route to re‐programming cellular metabolism resulting in increased productivity, without affecting growth.
Tumour regression in the randomized Stockholm III Trial of radiotherapy regimens for rectal cancer
Authors: Pettersson D , Lörinc E , Holm T , Iversen H , Cedermark B , Glimelius B , Martling A 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
The Stockholm III Trial randomized patients with primary operable rectal cancers to either short-course radiotherapy (RT) with immediate surgery (SRT), short-course RT with surgery delayed 4–8 weeks (SRT-delay) or long-course RT with surgery delayed 4–8 weeks. This preplanned interim analysis examined the pathological outcome of delaying surgery.

Methods
Patients randomized to the SRT and SRT-delay arms in the Stockholm III Trial between October 1998 and November 2010 were included, and data were collected in a prospective register. Additional data regarding tumour regression grade, according to Dworak, and circumferential margin were obtained by reassessment of histopathological slides.

Results
A total of 462 of 545 randomized patients had specimens available for reassessment. Patients randomized to SRT-delay had earlier ypT categories, and a higher rate of pathological complete responses (11·8 versus 1·7 per cent; P = 0·001) and Dworak grade 4 tumour regression (10·1 versus 1·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) than patients randomized to SRT without delay. Positive circumferential resection margins were uncommon (6·3 per cent) and rates did not differ between the two treatment arms.

Conclusion
Short-course RT induces tumour downstaging if surgery is performed after an interval of 4–8 weeks.
Fast simultaneous LC/MS/MS determination of 10 active compounds in human serum for therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatric medication
Authors: Sistik Pavel , Urinovska Romana , Brozmanova Hana , Kacirova Ivana , Silhan Petr , Lemr Karel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA UPLC/MS/MS method with simple protein precipitation has been validated for the fast simultaneous analysis of agomelatine, asenapine, amisulpride, iloperidone, zotepine, melperone, ziprasidone, vilazodone, aripiprazole and its metabolite dehydro‐aripiprazole in human serum. Alprenolol was applied as an internal standard. A BEH C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) column provided chromatographic separation of analytes using a binary mobile phase gradient (A, 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid in 5% acetonitrile, v/v/v; B, 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid in 95% acetonitrile, v/v/v). Mass spectrometric detection was performed in the positive electrospray ionization mode and ion suppression owing to matrix effects was evaluated. The validation criteria were determined: linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, reproducibility and matrix effect. The concentration range was as follows: 0.25–1000 ng/mL for agomelatine; 0.25–100 ng/mL for asenapine and iloperidone; 2.5–1000 ng/mL for amisulpride, aripiprazole, vilazodone and zotepine; 2.3–924.6 ng/mL for dehydroaripiprazole; 2.2–878.4 ng/mL for melperone; and 2.2–883.5 ng/mL for ziprasidone. Limits of quantitation below a therapeutic reference range were achieved for all analytes. Intra‐run precision of 0.4–5.5 %, inter‐run precision of 0.6–8.2% and overall recovery of 87.9–114.1% were obtained. The validated method was successfully implemented into routine practice for therapeutic drug monitoring in our hospital. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Internal Model Control of a High‐Purity Heat‐Integrated Air Separation Column
Authors: Fu Yao , Liu Xinggao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn internal model control scheme based on a second‐order internal model (SI‐IMC) is proposed for the heat‐integrated air separation column (HIASC). An adaptive internal model control (ASI‐IMC) scheme is further presented to make the model more accurate. The IMC scheme based on the first‐order model (F‐IMC) and the multi‐loop PID (M‐PID) scheme are also explored as the comparison basis of ASI‐IMC and SI‐IMC schemes. Comparative researches among these four control schemes are carried out in detail. The results indicate that ASI‐IMC presents the best performances among the four control schemes in both servo control and regulatory control, which proves the improvement of ASI‐IMC over the SI‐IMC and the superiority of ASI‐IMC for the high‐purity HIASC.
Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Rates and Impeller Power Consumptions for Industrial Vessel Design
Authors: Labík Libor , Moucha Tomáš , Kordač Michal , Rejl František J. , Valenz Lukáš 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVolumetric mass transfer coefficients (kLa) and power input (P) are often the key parameters in the design of gas‐liquid contactors. However, due to the limitations of most measurement methods, there is a lack of reliable data for predicting kLa for non‐coalescent batches under high energy dissipation rates. Accurate kLa and P correlations are proposed. The reliability of the correlations is ensured by using experimental data from a wide range of process conditions conducted in multiple‐impeller vessels of both laboratory scale and pilot scale, and including both non‐coalescent and coalescent batches. Applying the proposed correlations, the scale‐up and optimization of industrial vessels can be performed more accurately.
Pt supported on Nanostructured NCNTs/RGO Composite Electrodes for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Pei , Kottakkat Tintula , Bron Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractComposites consisting of N‐doped carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide (NCNTs/RGO) are prepared directly on carbon cloth (CC) via H2‐assisted thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) followed by chemical vapor deposition of NCNTs to form NCNTs/RGO/CC. Pt nanoparticles are uniformly electrodeposited onto these nanostructured composite electrodes. The success of each preparation step is verified by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, indicating dense and homogeneous distribution of NCNTs and Pt. The resulting composite electrode exhibits enhanced mass specific activity for methanol oxidation in comparison to Pt‐NCNTs/CC (without RGO), as evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The ratio of the forward to backward peak current values (if/ib) and the COad stripping voltammetry reveal high tolerance of Pt‐NCNTs/RGO/CC towards poisoning in comparison to Pt‐NCNTs/CC or literature reports, leading to an efficient methanol electrooxidation.
Improving the Lithium‐Storage Properties of Self‐Grown Nickel Oxide: A Back‐Up from TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Balogun Muhammad‐Sadeeq , Qiu Weitao , Luo Yang , Huang Yongchao , Yang Hao , Li Mingyang , Yu Minghao , Liang Chaolun , Fang Pingping , Liu Peng , Tong Yexiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAfter long electrochemical cycles, the continuous loss in the capacity of nickel oxide (NiO) hinders its practical application as anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The need to improve the lithium‐storage performance of NiO becomes essential for the accomplishment of high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. In this respect, a new form of 3D NiO, which comprises TiO2 nanoparticles, has been fabricated and used as anode for lithium‐ion storage. The as‐prepared 3D NiO–TiO2 nanocomposites achieved areal discharge capacities of 1.49 and 0.78 mAh cm−2 at current densities of 1.0 and 6.0 mA cm−2, respectively. The improvement in the lithium‐storage properties of the NiO/TiO2 nanocomposite is attributed to the TiO2 nanoparticles creating rational interfaces with the NiO, which incredibly supports the NiO surface and improves the structural stability.
Energy Transfer in a Hybrid IrIII Carbene–PtII Acetylide Assembly for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Yu Zhen‐Tao , Yuan Yong‐Jun , Chen Xin , Cai Jian‐Guang , Zou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA new heterometallic supramolecular complex, consisting of an iridium carbene‐based unit appended to a platinum terpyridine acetylide unit, representing a new IrIII–PtII structural motif, was designed and developed to act as an active species for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The results also suggested that a light‐harvesting process is essential to realize the solar‐to‐fuel conversion in an artificial system as illustrated in the natural photosynthetic system.
Surface‐Functionalized Nanoparticles by Olefin Metathesis: A Chemoselective Approach for In Vivo Characterization of Atherosclerosis Plaque
Authors: Salinas Beatriz , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Lechuga‐Vieco Ana V. , Benito Marina , Herranz Fernando 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe use of click chemistry reactions for the functionalization of nanoparticles is particularly useful to modify the surface in a well‐defined manner and to enhance the targeting properties, thus facilitating clinical translation. Here it is demonstrated that olefin metathesis can be used for the chemoselective functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with three different examples. This approach enables, in one step, the synthesis and functionalization of different water‐stable magnetite‐based particles from oleic acid‐coated counterparts. The surface of the nanoparticles was completely characterized showing how the metathesis approach introduces a large number of hydrophilic molecules on their coating layer. As an example of the possible applications of these new nanocomposites, a focus was taken on atherosclerosis plaques. It is also demonstrated how the in vitro properties of one of the probes, particularly its Ca2+‐binding properties, mediate their final in vivo use; that is, the selective accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. This opens promising new applications to detect possible microcalcifications associated with plaque vulnerability. The accumulation of the new imaging tracers is demonstrated by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of carotids and aorta in the ApoE−/− mouse model and the results were confirmed by histology.
Fabrication of Efficient Hydrogenation Nanoreactors by Modifying the Freedom of Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoparticles within Yolk–Shell Nanospheres
Authors: Peng Juan , Lan Guojun , Guo Miao , Wei Xuming , Li Can , Yang Qihua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of silica‐based yolk–shell nanospheres confined with ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) stabilized with poly(amidoamine), in which the interaction strength between Pt NPs and the support could be facilely tuned, is reported. By ingenious utilization of silica cores with different surface wettability (hydrophilic vs. ‐phobic) as the adsorbent, Pt NPs could be confined in different locations of the yolk–shell nanoreactor (core vs. hollow shell), and thus, exhibit different interaction strengths with the nanoreactor (strong vs. weak). It is interesting to find that the adsorbed Pt NPs are released from the core to the hollow interiors of the yolk–shell nanospheres when a superhydrophobic inner core material (SiO2Ph) is employed, which results in the preparation of an immobilized catalyst (Pt@SiO2Ph); this possesses the weakest interaction strength with the support and shows the highest catalytic activity (88 500 and 7080 h−1 for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and nitrobenzene, respectively), due to its unaffected freedom of Pt NPs for retention of the intrinsic properties.
Recent Developments in Synthetic Carbohydrate‐Based Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapeutics
Authors: Fernández‐Tejada Alberto , Cañada F. Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGlycans are everywhere in biological systems, being involved in many cellular events with important implications for medical purposes. Building upon a detailed understanding of the functional roles of carbohydrates in molecular recognition processes and disease states, glycans are increasingly being considered as key players in pharmacological research. On the basis of the important progress recently made in glycochemistry, glycobiology, and glycomedicine, we provide a complete overview of successful applications and future perspectives of carbohydrates in the biopharmaceutical and medical fields. This review highlights the development of carbohydrate‐based diagnostics, exemplified by glycan imaging techniques and microarray platforms, synthetic oligosaccharide vaccines against infectious diseases (e.g., HIV) and cancer, and finally carbohydrate‐derived therapeutics, including glycomimetic drugs and glycoproteins.