bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reaction and Materials Chemistry of [Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4]: Chemical Vapour Deposition of Tin Oxide
Authors: Barbul Ioana , Johnson Andrew L. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Molloy Kieran C. , Silvestru Christian , Sudlow Anna L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract[Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4] and [{Sn(OSiMe3)2}2] have been used to deposit SnO thin films by chemical vapour deposition. Films derived from [Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4] comprise uniform cubes and are highly oriented, whereas those deposited from [{Sn(OSiMe3)2}2] are made up of a continuous non‐oriented layer with oriented cubes on the surface. The structure of a co‐crystal, 2 Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4⋅[Sn(OSiMe3)2]2⋅4 THF, shows that [{Sn(OSiMe3)2}2], a liquid at room temperature, adopts a μ‐OSiMe3‐bridged dimeric structure. [Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4] reacts with O2 in a controlled manner to afford the novel oxo‐cluster [Sn4(O)(OSiMe3)8], the structure of which is reported. In addition, a crystal of {[Sn4(O)(OSiMe3)5]+2[Sn(O)(OSiMe3)4Cl]+2}[Cl]−4 has been fortuitously isolated from the presence of SnCl2 in the starting material for the preparation of [Sn6(O)4(OSiMe3)4], and has been shown to incorporate two novel cationic oxo–tin clusters.
CaO‐Based CO2 Sorbents: From Fundamentals to the Development of New, Highly Effective Materials
Authors: Kierzkowska Agnieszka M. , Pacciani Roberta , Müller Christoph R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe enormous anthropogenic emission of the greenhouse gas CO2 is most likely the main reason for climate change. Considering the continuing and indeed growing utilisation of fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation purposes, development and implementation of processes that avoid the associated emissions of CO2 are urgently needed. CO2 capture and storage, commonly termed CCS, would be a possible mid‐term solution to reduce the emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, the costs associated with the currently available CO2 capture technology, that is, amine scrubbing, are prohibitively high, thus making the development of new CO2 sorbents a highly important research challenge. Indeed, CaO, readily obtained through the calcination of naturally occurring limestone, has been proposed as an alternative CO2 sorbent that could substantially reduce the costs of CO2 capture. However, one of the major drawbacks of using CaO derived from natural sources is its rapidly decreasing CO2 uptake capacity with repeated carbonation–calcination reactions. Here, we review the current understanding of fundamental aspects of the cyclic carbonation–calcination reactions of CaO such as its reversibility and kinetics. Subsequently, recent attempts to develop synthetic, CaO‐based sorbents that possess high and cyclically stable CO2 uptakes are presented.
Efficient threshold public key encryption with full security based on dual pairing vector spaces
Authors: Gan Yuanju , Wang Lihua , Wang Licheng , Pan Ping , Yang Yixian 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYMost robust and noninteractive threshold public key encryption (PKE) schemes have only been proven secure against chosen‐ciphertext attacks under the static corruption model; yet, the dynamic corruption model is more reasonable. In this paper, on the basis of bilinear groups of prime order and dual pairing vector spaces, we propose a threshold PKE scheme that is noninteractive, robust and, secure against adaptive chosen‐ciphertext attacks under the dynamic corruption model without random oracles. Moreover, our scheme is shown to be more efficient than currently existing fully secure threshold PKE schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropeptide orphanin FQ inhibits dendritic morphogenesis through activation of RhoA
Authors: Alder Janet , Kallman Seth , Palmieri Alicia , Khadim Farah , Ayer Jennifer J. , Kumar Sujata , Tsung Katherine , Grinberg Ilya , Thakker‐Varia Smita 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a facilitatory role in neuronal development and promotion of differentiation. Mechanisms that oppose BDNF's stimulatory effects create balance and regulate dendritic growth. However, these mechanisms have not been studied. We have focused our studies on the BDNF‐induced neuropeptide OrphaninFQ/ Nociceptin (OFQ); while BDNF is known to enhance synaptic activity, OFQ has opposite effects on activity, learning, and memory. We have now examined whether OFQ provides a balance to the stimulatory effects of BDNF on neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. Golgi staining in OFQ knockout (KO) mice revealed an increase in primary dendrite length as well as spine density, suggesting that endogenous OFQ inhibits dendritic morphology. We have also used cultured hippocampal neurons to demonstrate that exogenous OFQ has an inhibitory effect on dendritic growth and that the neuropeptide alters the response to BDNF when pre‐administered. To determine if BDNF and OFQ act in a feedback loop, we inhibited the actions of the BDNF and OFQ receptors, TrkB and NOP using ANA‐12 and NOP KO mice respectively but our data suggest that the two factors do not act in a negative feedback loop. We found that the inhibition of dendritic morphology induced by OFQ is via enhanced RhoA activity. Finally, we have evidence that RhoA activation is required for the inhibitory effects of OFQ on dendritic morphology. Our results reveal basic mechanisms by which neurons not only regulate the formation of proper dendritic growth during development but also control plasticity in the mature nervous system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 769–784, 2013
Possible roles of robo1+ ensheathing cells in guiding dorsal‐zone olfactory sensory neurons in mouse
Authors: Aoki Mari , Takeuchi Haruki , Nakashima Ai , Nishizumi Hirofumi , Sakano Hitoshi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn the mouse olfactory system, the anatomical locations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) correlate with their axonal projection sites along the dorsoventral axis of the olfactory bulb (OB). We have previously reported that Neuropilin‐2 expressed by ventral‐zone OSNs contributes to the segregation of dorsal and ventral OSN axons, and that Slit is acting as a negative land mark to restrict the projection of Robo2+, early‐arriving OSN axons to the embryonic OB. Here, we report that another guidance receptor, Robo1, also plays an important role in guiding OSN axons. Knockout mice for Robo1 demonstrated defects in targeting of OSN axons to the OB. Although Robo1 is colocalized with dorsal‐zone OSN axons, it is not produced by OSNs, but instead by olfactory ensheathing cells. These findings indicate a novel strategy of axon guidance in the mouse olfactory system during development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73:828–840, 2013
Changes in the ecosystem service values of typical river basins in arid regions of Northwest China
Authors: Huang X. , Ma J. X. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study compared the 1994 and 2005 ecosystem service values of the Tarim, Manas, Shiyang and Heihe River Basins, which are four typical examples of river basins in the arid region of Northwest China. The ecosystem areas and service values were obtained from their consumer price indices, and constant prices were calculated on the basis of data from the Land Use Classification Map of 1994, TM images, CBERS images of 2005 and research results from ‘the equivalent factor table of China's ecosystem service value’. The results indicated that between 1994 and 2005 in these four river basins, the land areas supporting the environment and society (i.e. forest, grassland and wetland ecosystem) generally declined, whereas areas of farmland significantly increased. The changes in these areas in smaller basins were larger and occurred more rapidly. The ecosystem service value of the Tarim River Basin was the largest and local residents would rather pay more money for its ecosystem services, which means that the ecosystem service value there had a higher scarcity. The increase in the ecosystem service value of the Heihe River Basin was the largest. The ecosystem service value of the Heihe River Basin had more important and direct influences on the population's productivity and lives than did the Tarim River Basin. In addition, the farmland area in the Tarim River Basin increased more than the other river basins; however, the people's willingness to pay for farmland ecosystem services in this basin was the lowest. Willingness to pay was not linked to resource richness, and the concepts of economic development, water utilization and soil protection need to be strengthened. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Methane to Methyl Trifluoroacetate by Dioxygen
Authors: Strassner Thomas , Ahrens Sebastian , Muehlhofer Michael , Munz Dominik , Zeller Alexander 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe cobalt‐catalyzed oxidation of methane to methyl trifluoroacetate by molecular oxygen in trifluoroacetic acid has been studied in detail. Yields of up to 50 % based on methane were obtained. The catalytic activities were highly dependent on the anions of the cobalt salts (CoII, CoIII) under investigation. Deactivation by precipitation of the cobalt catalyst could be prevented by the addition of trifluoroacetic anhydride.
Di‐ and Tetranuclear Complexes of Bis‐Tetradentate Pyrimidine‐Based Ligands with All‐Methylene‐ Versus Mixed Methylene/Ethylene‐Linked Arms
Authors: Gobeze Worku A. , Milway Victoria A. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Murray Keith S. , Brooker Sally 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEleven dinuclear and six tetranuclear complexes of two bis‐tetradentate ligands, 4,6‐bis[N,N‐bis(2″‐pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]‐2‐phenylpyrimidine (LMe) and 4,6‐[(2′‐pyridylmethyl)(2′‐pyridylethyl)aminomethyl]‐2‐phenylpyrimidine (LMix), have been prepared through reactions of ligand and metal salt in a ratio of 1:2 in MeCN or MeOH: FeII2LMe(H2O)4(MeCN)2(BF4)4 (1), FeII2LMix(H2O)4(BF4)4 (2), [CoII2LMe(H2O)(MeCN)](BF4)4·3/2H2O (3), [CoII2LMix(H2O)(MeCN)3](BF4)4·2H2O (4), [NiII2LMe(H2O)4](BF4)4·H2O (5), [NiII2LMix(H2O)3(MeCN)](BF4)4 (6), CuII2LMe(H2O)(MeCN)(BF4)4 (7), [CuII2Mix(MeCN)2(BF4)4] (8), [ZnII2LMe(H2O)(MeCN)3(BF4)4] (9), [ZnII2LMix(MeCN)3(H2O)(BF4)4] (10), [ZnII2LMe(H2O)2L(MeCN)2](ClO4)4 (11), FeII2FeIII2(LMe)2F4(BF4)6·1/2H2O (12), FeII4(LMix)2F4(BF4)4·5H2O (13), CoII2CoIII2(LMe)2F4(BF4)6 (14), [CoII4(LMix)2F4](BF4)4·3H2O (15), [NiII4(LMe)2F4](BF4)4 (16) and NiII4(LMix)2F4(BF4)4·8H2O (17). Dinuclear complexes were obtained from the reactions conducted in MeCN, whereas tetranuclear complexes resulted from reactions performed in MeOH. Five dimetallic (3′–6′ and 9′) and one tetrametallic complex (15′) were structurally characterized: the ligands are bis‐tetradentate and the metal centres are bridged through the pyrimidine ring. In the tetrametallic 15′, two such dimetallic fragments are bridged by two pairs of fluoride anions. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements and Heisenberg fitting of dinuclear 1–8 and tetranuclear 13–15 in all cases revealed weak intramolecular anti‐ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the high‐spin metal centres. A rigorous spin–orbit and exchange analysis was also performed on the dicobalt(II) complex 4. The dicopper(II) complexes 7 and 8 underwent a two‐electron quasi‐reversible reduction (CuII2 → CuI2), in both cases at a more negative potential (7: Em = –0.18 V; 8: Em = –0.19 V vs. 0.01 M AgNO3/Ag) than the analogous LEt (all‐ethylene‐armed ligand) complex (Em = +0.11 V vs. 0.01 M AgNO3/Ag), consistent with LMe and LMix being better able to stabilize copper(II) than LEt.
Controlled Synthesis of Polyoxopalladates, and Their Gas‐Phase Fragmentation Study by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Zhengguo , Wang Bo , Cao Jie , Chen Baokuan , Xu Chong , Huang Xianqiang , Fan Yanxuan , Hu Changwen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Changwen Hu at the Beijing Institute of Technology, China. The cover image shows the most recent developments in the synthesis and study of the gas‐phase fragmentation of new polyoxopalladates.
Using Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Clinical Work With African American Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Wilson Courtney J. , Cottone R. Rocco 
Published: July 2013

A comprehensive review of the literature on clinical work with African American youth with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is presented. The strengths and limitations of CBT in relation to this population are outlined. Although CBT shows promise in helping, research on the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT in this group is lacking.Se presenta una reseña exhaustiva de la literatura sobre trabajo clínico con jóvenes Afroamericanos usando terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC). Se perfilan los puntos fuertes y las limitaciones de la TCC en relación a esta población. A pesar de que la TCC muestra signos prometedores para servir de ayuda, no hay suficiente investigación sobre la eficacia y efectividad de la TCC en este grupo.
Prevalent Vertebral Fractures on Chest CT: Higher Risk for Future Hip Fracture
Authors: Buckens Constantinus F , de Jong Pim A , Mali Willem P , Verhaar Harald J , van der Graaf Yolanda , Verkooijen Helena M 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Subclinical or undiagnosed vertebral fractures on routine chest computed tomography (CT) may be useful for detecting patients at increased risk of future hip fractures who might benefit from preventive interventions. We investigated whether prevalent vertebral fractures on routine chest CT are associated with future hip fractures. From a source population of 5679 patients ≥40 years old undergoing chest CT in one of three Dutch hospitals between 2002 and 2005, patients hospitalized for hip fractures (n = 149) during a median follow-up of 4.4 years were identified. Following a case-cohort design, a random sample of 576 patients was drawn from the source population and added to the cases. In this group, the presence and severity of vertebral fractures was determined using semiquantitative vertebral fracture assessment and multivariate case-cohort appropriate Cox modeling. We found that cases were older (69 versus 63 years) and more often female (48% versus 38%) than the source population. Compared with those with no fracture, patients with any vertebral fracture had triple the risk of future hip fracture (age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–4.7). This HR rose to 3.8 (CI 2.6–5.6) if mild fractures were discounted. Future fracture risk increased significantly with increasing severity of vertebral fracture status: from mild (HR = 2.4, CI 1.5–3.7) and moderate (HR = 4.8, CI 2.5–9.2) to severe (HR = 6.7, CI 2.9–15.5). The same was true for having higher cumulative fracture grades: 1 to 3 (HR = 2.7, CI 1.8–4.1), 4 to 6 (HR = 4.8, CI 2.2–10.5), or ≥7 (HR = 11.2, CI 3.7–34.6). In conclusion, prevalent vertebral fractures on routine clinical chest CT are associated with future hip fracture risk. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Feasibility of high pressure freezing with freeze substitution after long‐term storage in chemical fixatives
Authors: Venter Chantelle , Frederick van der Merwe Christiaan , Magdalena Oberholzer Hester , Bester Megan Jean , Taute Helena 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTFixation of biological samples is an important process especially related to histological and ultrastructural studies. Chemical fixation was the primary method of fixing tissue for transmission electron microscopy for many years, as it provides adequate preservation of the morphology of cells and organelles. High pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS) is a newer alternative method that rapidly freezes non‐cryoprotected samples that are then slowly heated in the FS medium, allowing penetration of the tissue to insure adequate fixation. This study addresses several issues related to tissue preservation for electron microscopy. Using mice liver tissue as model the difference between samples fixed chemically or with HPF immediately after excision, or stored before chemical or HPF fixation were tested with specific focus on the nuclear membrane. Findings are that immediate HPF is the method of choice compared to chemical fixation. Of the chemical fixatives, immediate fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA)/formaldehyde (FA) is the best in preserving membrane morphology, 2.5% GA can be used as alternative for stored and then chemically processed samples, with 10% formalin being suitable as a storage medium only if followed by HPF fixation. Overall, storage leads to lower ultrastructural preservation, but HPF with FS can minimize these artifacts relative to other processing protocols. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:942–946, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunolocalization of estrogen and progesterone receptors in ewe mammary glands
Authors: Colitti M. , Parillo F. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTImmunopresence of estrogen receptor α (ERα), β (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) were examined in the ewe mammary gland from prepubertal stage to involution. Immunolocalization of ERα revealed a strong positive staining in nuclei of cells composing terminal ductular units (TDUs) in prepubertal ewes. A mild immunoreactivity was identified in early lactating gland. During late lactation immunoreactive product to ERα was observed in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells in all alveoli. In mammary glands at involution ERα positivity was clearly nuclear, with weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining. Cytoplasmic strong immunostaining for ERβ was detected in cells of TDUs, whereas some stromal cells exhibited nuclear staining. A nuclear ERβ immunostaining was observed at early lactation, instead during late lactation, the positivity for ERβ showed only a moderate cytoplasmic distribution. At involution, ERβ positivity was very moderate and detected just in the cytoplasm of shrunken alveoli. Scattered nuclear staining of PR was observed just in mammary glands at early lactation. These results showed that in the mammary glands of sheep both estrogen receptor isoforms were displayed during lactation cycle and that PR appeared just at early lactation, reflecting their regulatory role in alveolar cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:955–962, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Instrumental temperature series in eastern and central China back to the nineteenth century
Authors: Cao Lijuan , Zhao Ping , Yan Zhongwei , Jones Phil , Zhu Yani , Yu Yu , Tang Guoli 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, we bring together different source data sets and use quality control, interpolation, and homogeneity methods to construct a set of homogenized monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT) series for 18 stations in eastern and central China from the late nineteenth century. Missing values are statistically interpolated, and cross validation is used to assess the accuracy of the interpolation approaches. Results show that the errors of interpolation are small, and the interpolated values are statistically acceptable. Multiple homogeneity methods and all available metadata are used to assess the consistency of the time series and then to develop adjustments when necessary. Thirty‐three homogeneity breakpoints are detected in the 18 stations, and the time series is adjusted to the latest segment of the data series. The adjusted annual mean SAT generally shows a range of trends of 1.0° to 4.2°C/100 years in northeastern and southeastern China and a range of trends of −0.3° to 1.0°C/100 years in central China near 30°N. Compared to the adjusted time series, the unadjusted time series underestimates the warming trend during the past 100 years. The regional and annual mean SAT over eastern and central China agrees well with estimates from a much denser station network over this region of China since 1951 and shows a warming trend of 1.52°C/100 years during 1909–2010.
Modeling of peak voltage and current of nanowire resonant tunneling devices: case study on InAs/InP double‐barrier heterostructures
Authors: Ragi R. , da Nobrega Rafael V.T. , Romero Murilo A. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop an analytical model for the prediction of the peak voltage and the current in the current–voltage characteristics of nanowire resonant tunneling heterostructures. The model is applied in the case study of double‐barrier InAs/InP devices, and the results are obtained from numerical carrier transport calculations, in terms of structural parameters such as the nanowire radius as well as the width of the barriers and quantum well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of dithiothreitol to improve the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Drago Lorenzo , Signori Valentina , De Vecchi Elena , Vassena Christian , Palazzi Elisa , Cappelletti Laura , Romanò Delia , Romanò Carlo Luca 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remains a challenge for microbiologists, despite new techniques for bacteria isolation have been developed in recent years. A widely recognized standard method has not yet been indicated mainly because of limitations due difficult procedures and need of dedicated instrumentation. We evaluated the ability of a sulfhydryl compound routinely used in microbiology laboratories, dithiothreitol (DTT), to dislodge bacteria from biofilm, keeping them alive and cultivable for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. We compared DTT treatment against sonication of prosthesis and culture of periprosthetic tissues, in order to establish if it could be introduced in routine microbiological diagnosis of PJIs. The study was conducted on 76 patients, 34 with aseptic loosening of their prosthesis and 42 who were diagnosed for PJI. DTT treatment gave results similar to sonication in terms of bacterial yielding. Sonication provided higher sensitivity (71.4%) and specificity (94.1%) respect to periprosthetic tissue culture, while DTT showed the same specificity of sonication but a better sensitivity (85.7%), especially when the causative microorganism was Staphylococcus epidermidis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DTT could be used for PJIs diagnosis, thanks to its ease of use and its high sensitivity and specificity. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1694–1699, 2013
Ultra‐high performance size‐exclusion chromatography of synthetic polymers
Authors: Janco Miroslav , Alexander James N. , Bouvier Edouard S. P. , Morrison Damian 
Published: July 2013

Ultra‐high performance size‐exclusion chromatography (UHP SEC) is a newly developed disruptive technology that allows the high‐resolution separation of synthetic polymers in as little as 2 min. The capability of UHP SEC for the characterization of synthetic polymers in organic solvents has been demonstrated. Using the Waters ACQUITY UPLC®1 H‐Class system and ethylene‐bridged hybrid size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) columns packed with 1.7 to 2.5‐μm particles with pore sizes ranging from 45 to 900 Å, size‐based separations of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) standards in tetrahydrofuran and poly(ethylene oxide) standards in 20 mM ammonium acetate in methanol are achieved within 2–4 min. The speed of analysis is about ten times faster than conventional SEC separations, and greater resolution is achieved. Average molecular weights of selected commercial polymers have been determined using ultra‐high performance and conventional SEC. Average M data of analyzed samples are in good agreement using the two approaches. An inherent limitation of SEC in UHP mode is the characterization of very high M polymers (above ca. 2 million Da) due to the deformation and/or mechanical shearing of large molecules at high flow rates.