bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of hospital procedures for parapneumonic effusion in children highlights need for standardised management
Authors: Le Mée A , Mordacq C , Lagrée M , Deschildre A , Martinot A , Dubos F 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThis study sought to evaluate the initial management of children with parapneumonic effusion admitted to all French university hospitals.MethodsA nationwide survey of all 35 university hospitals took place in 2011 to assess practices for children with parapneumonic effusion, using a hypothetical clinical vignette and a standardised questionnaire. Two to four paediatricians per hospital were interviewed and asked about their initial management, probabilistic antibiotic therapy and its adaptation to microbiological results and subsequent course. Answers from paediatricians working in emergency departments, intensive care units and conventional paediatric units were compared.ResultsOf the 100 paediatricians contacted, 95 responded. Of these, 98% would order an initial blood test, 70% would order diagnostic thoracentesis, and all would start immediate antibiotic therapy: 31% with a single drug, 67% with two drugs and 2% with three drugs. The most frequent initial choices were third‐generation cephalosporin alone (17%) or combined with rifampicin (34%) or vancomycin (24%). Adaptation varied according to drug used, dose and duration, especially when the microorganism was not Streptococcus pneumoniae. Practices did not differ significantly among the different groups of paediatricians.ConclusionStandardised management of parapneumonic effusion, including routine thoracentesis and more consistent prescription of antibiotics, is needed.
In vivo imaging of membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase with a novel activatable near‐infrared fluorescence probe
Authors: Shimizu Yoichi , Temma Takashi , Hara Isao , Makino Akira , Kondo Naoya , Ozeki Ei‐ichi , Ono Masahiro , Saji Hideo 
Published: May 2014

Membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) is a protease activating MMP‐2 that mediates cleavage of extracellular matrix components and plays pivotal roles in tumor migration, invasion and metastasis. Because in vivo noninvasive imaging of MT1‐MMP would be useful for tumor diagnosis, we developed a novel near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe that can be activated following interaction with MT1‐MMP in vivo. MT1‐hIC7L is an activatable fluorescence probe comprised of anti‐MT1‐MMP monoclonal antibodies conjugated to self‐assembling polymer micelles that encapsulate NIR dyes (IC7‐1, λem: 858 nm) at concentrations sufficient to cause fluorescence self‐quenching. In aqueous buffer, MT1‐hIC7L fluorescence was suppressed to background levels and increased approximately 35.5‐fold in the presence of detergent. Cellular uptake experiments revealed that in MT1‐MMP positive C6 glioma cells, MT1‐hIC7L showed significantly higher fluorescence that increased with time as compared to hIC7L, a negative control probe lacking the anti‐MT1‐MMP monoclonal antibody. In MT1‐MMP negative MCF‐7 breast adenocarcinoma cells, both MT1‐hIC7L and hIC7L showed no obvious fluorescence. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of C6 cells treated with MT1‐hIC7L was suppressed by pre‐treatment with an MT1‐MMP endocytosis inhibitor (P < 0.05). In vivo optical imaging using probes intravenously administered to tumor‐bearing mice showed that MT1‐hIC7L specifically visualized C6 tumors (tumor‐to‐background ratios: 3.8 ± 0.3 [MT1‐hIC7L] vs 3.1 ± 0.2 [hIC7L] 48 h after administration, P < 0.05), while the probes showed similarly low fluorescence in MCF‐7 tumors. Together, these results show that MT1‐hIC7L would be a potential activatable NIR probe for specifically detecting MT1‐MMP‐expressing tumors.
Control over a stressor involves the posterior dorsal striatum and the act/outcome circuit
Authors: Amat Jose , Christianson John P. , Aleksejev Roman M. , Kim Janet , Richeson Kaitlin R. , Watkins Linda R. , Maier Steven F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractControllable/escapable tailshocks (ESs) do not produce the behavioral and neurochemical outcomes produced by equal yoked uncontrollable/inescapable tailshocks (ISs). The prelimbic cortex is known to play a key role in mediating the protective effects of control. The concepts of act/outcome learning and control seem similar, and act/outcome learning is mediated by a circuit involving the prelimbic cortex and posterior dorsomedial striatum (DMS). Thus, we tested the involvement of the DMS in the protective effect of ES, in rats. First, we examined Fos immunoreactivity in both the DMS and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) after ES and yoked IS. We then investigated the effect of blocking DMS or DLS N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors with the specific antagonist D‐(‐)‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphopentanoic acid (D‐AP5) on the release of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin (5‐HT) during ES, as well as on the level of anxiety produced by the ES experience 24 h later. ES, but not yoked IS, produced a large increase of Fos activity in the DMS. Consistent with the Fos data, D‐AP5 in the DMS, but not in the DLS, prevented the inhibition of dorsal raphe nucleus 5‐HT release normally produced by ES. Furthermore, D‐AP5 administered into the DMS before ES, but not into the DLS, increased anxiety 24 h later, leading to levels similar to those produced by IS. These results suggest that, as with appetitive act/outcome contingency learning, the protective effects of behavioral control over a stressor require the DMS.
Oral administration of Polypodium leucotomos delays skin tumor development and increases epidermal p53 expression and the anti‐oxidant status of UV‐irradiated hairless mice
Authors: Rodríguez‐Yanes Esperanza , Cuevas Jesús , González Salvador , Mallol Jordi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces skin tumors in hairless mice. Daily oral administration of a Polypodium leucotomos (PL) extract significantly delayed tumor development in PL‐treated versus non‐PL‐treated mice. UVR and/or PL treatment modified several oxidative stress markers. In all irradiated mice, erythrocytic glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) content increased and in all PL‐treated mice GSSG content decreased, specially in non‐irradiated animals, and total plasma anti‐oxidant capacity (ORAC) increased. In dorsolateral non‐tumoral skin of all irradiated mice, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased and GSSG decreased in non‐irradiated PL‐treated animals. UVR induced a steep increase of p53 expression in epidermal cells. In non‐tumoral skin, this increase was significantly higher in PL‐treated animals than in non‐treated mice and can contribute in delaying tumor development, either by repairing the damaged DNA or by increasing apoptosis. These results reinforce the usefulness of PL as systemic photoprotective agent, especially in patients highly sensitive to UVR.
Bullous pemphigoid induced by vildagliptin: a report of three cases
Authors: Béné Johana , Jacobsoone Aurélie , Coupe Patrick , Auffret Marine , Babai Samy , Hillaire‐Buys Dominique , Jean‐Pastor Marie‐Josèphe , Vonarx Marlène , Vermersch Annie , Tronquoy Anne‐Fleur , Gautier Sophie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo report three cases of bullous pemphigoid in patients treated with vildagliptin. Case 1: An 86‐year‐old woman presented with bullous pemphigoid after 1 month of treatment with vildagliptin and metformin. After introduction of clobetasol, the symptoms resolved although vildagliptin was continued. However, the skin lesions reappeared 3 months later. Sustained remission was achieved only after definitive withdrawal of vildagliptin. Case 2: A 79‐year‐old man presented with bullous pemphigoid after 37‐month treatment with gliclazide, vildagliptin and metformin. The disease at first responded to clobetasol but 3 months later the lesions reappeared. They finally regressed when the gliptin was discontinued. Case 3: A 77‐year‐old woman, treated with gliclazide and vildagliptin for 26 months, presented with bullous pemphigoid, which responded well to discontinuation of the gliptin and topical clobetasol. Gliptins are new molecules for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which have been suspected of implication in bullous pemphigoid. Such cases have been described in the literature (seven with vildagliptin and three with sitagliptin). In nine of these cases, the gliptin was associated with metformin, but the latter had never been considered responsible. The mechanism implicated in the development of bullous pemphigoid has not yet been clearly identified, but may involve a modified immune response or alteration of the antigenic properties of the epidermal basement membrane. These reports support the risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients exposed to gliptins.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for resection or ablation therapies
Authors: Kimura Tomoki , Aikata Hiroshi , Takahashi Shigeo , Takahashi Ippei , Nishibuchi Ikuno , Doi Yoshiko , Kenjo Masahiro , Murakami Yuji , Honda Yohji , Kakizawa Hideaki , Awai Kazuo , Chayama Kazuaki , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: May 2014

AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were ineligible for resection or ablation therapies.MethodsOverall, 65 patients with 74 HCC (median tumor size, 16 mm) were enrolled. They were treated at the prescribed dose of 48 Gy in four fractions at the isocenter. Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) scoring was used to classify 56 and nine patients into classes A and B, respectively. Local progression was defined as irradiated tumor growth on a dynamic computed tomography follow up. The median follow‐up period was 26 months. Tumor responses were assessed according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Treatment‐related toxicities were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.ResultsThe 2‐year overall survival, progression‐free survival and local control rates were 76.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.4–86.7%), 40.0% (95% CI, 27.6–52.3%) and 100% (95% CI, 100%), respectively. At 6–12 months after SBRT, grade 3 or higher toxicities was observed in 15 (23.1%) patients. The incidence of grade 3 or higher toxicities was higher in CTP class B than in class A (P = 0.0127).ConclusionSBRT was effective and relatively safe for patients with small HCC who were ineligible for resection or ablation therapies.
Combined Antimicrobial Effect of Thymol and Sodium Lactate against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in Fish Patty
Authors: Ilhak Osman Irfan , Guran Husnu Sahan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the combinations of thymol (0.1 w/w) and sodium lactate (1 and 2% v/w) against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in fish patty samples stored at 4C for 5 days. Treatment with the combination of 0.1% thymol + 2% sodium lactate did not show a significant inhibition on the L. monocytogenes when compared with the sample treated with 2% sodium lactate alone. However, treatment of fish patty with the combination of 0.1% thymol + 2% sodium lactate showed a synergistic effect on Salmonella Typhimurium on days 3 and 5 of storage.Practical ApplicationsL. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are among the most important foodborne pathogens. Today, compounds with antimicrobial property have found common use in the control of these pathogens and their elimination from foods. Only small percentages of essential oils are tolerable in foods, since essential oils may negatively affects the organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, combinations of essential oils with other preservatives may help to minimize the application concentrations required. The findings of the present study indicate that combination of 0.1% thymol + 2% sodium lactate would have a synergistic effect against Salmonella Typhimurium in fish patty.
The challenge to health professionals when carers resist truth telling at the end of life: a qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Noble Helen , Price Jayne E , Porter Sam 
Published: May 2014

Aims and objectivesTo draw out the similar complexities faced by staff around truth‐telling in a children's and adult population and to interrogate the dilemmas faced by staff when informal carers act to block truth‐telling.BackgroundPolicy encourages normalisation of death, but carers may act to protect or prevent the patient from being told the truth. Little is known about the impact on staff.DesignSecondary analysis of data using a supra‐analysis design to identify commonality of experiences.MethodsSecondary ‘supra‐analysis’ was used to transcend the focus of two primary studies in the UK, which examined staff perspectives in a palliative children's and a palliative adult setting, respectively. The analysis examined new theoretical questions relating to the commonality of issues independently derived in each primary study. Both primary studies used focus groups. Existing empirical data were analysed thematically and compared across the studies.ResultsStaff reported a hiding of the truth by carers and sustained use of activities aimed at prolonging life. Carers frequently ignored the advance of end of life, and divergence between staff and carer approaches to truth‐telling challenged professionals. Not being truthful with patients had a deleterious effect on staff, causing anger and feelings of incompetence.ConclusionsBoth children's and adult specialist palliative care staff found themselves caught in a dilemma, subject to policies that promoted openness in planning for death and informal carers who often prevented them from being truthful with patients about terminal prognosis. This dilemma had adverse psychological effects upon many staff.Relevance to clinical practiceThere remains a powerful death‐denying culture in many societies, and carers of dying patients may prevent staff from being truthful with their patients. The current situation is not ideal, and open discussion of this problem is the essential first step in finding a solution.
Accounting for within‐person differences in how people respond to daily incivility at work
Authors: Beattie Larissa , Griffin Barbara 
Published: May 2014

This study investigated employees' behavioural responses to incivility, a form of interpersonal mistreatment, across time. Having established substantial within‐person differences in the way individuals responded to incidents, we examined how appraisals of severity and blame, the relative status of instigator, and target personality affected how a target responded on a given day. Perceived severity of the critical incident significantly predicted whether or not a target engaged in negative behaviour towards the instigator, negative behaviour towards others, support seeking, and forgiveness. Neither the hierarchical status of the instigator relative to the target, nor the target's attributions of blame for the specific incident predicted an individual's responses to that incident. Target neuroticism predicted three response categories: ignore/avoid the instigator, respond negatively to the instigator, and seek support. Neuroticism also significantly moderated the within‐person relationship between the perceived severity of an uncivil event and two daily responses: ignore/avoid the instigator and forgive the instigator. The results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for understanding how and why individuals respond to acts of incivility at work.Practitioner pointsUncivil behaviour – rude or disrespectful interpersonal incidents – is a common occurrence in workplaces and a type of daily hassle or chronic stressor for target individuals.Incivility has been shown to lead to an array of negative individual and organizational outcomes, including psychological distress and anxiety, greater job stress, reduced task performance and creativity, lower job satisfaction, increased job withdrawal, and higher turnover. Our findings illustrate the link between an individual's experience of an uncivil incident and their immediate behavioural responses.Workplace interventions aimed at minimizing the harm caused by incivility could focus on educating employees about: the potential impact of incivility; how a person's perception and appraisal of an incident might change their response; how a victim might re‐frame the meaning of what happened; and appropriate actions the victim can take in response to uncivil incidents.
Diagrammatic Scale for Assessment of Bacterial Blight in Coffee Leaves
Authors: Belan Leônidas L. , Pozza Edson A. , Freitas Marcelo L. de O. , de Souza Ricardo M. , de Jesus Junior Waldir C. , Oliveira Júlia M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to the lack of a standardized visual method for assessing bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in coffee leaves, a diagrammatic scale was developed and validated to quantify the disease. Leaves were collected in crops and nursery with different intensity of symptoms, and the true severity was determined electronically. Based on the frequency distribution of severity values and according to the Weber–Fechner's law of visual stimulus, the minimum and maximum limits and the intermediate levels in the scale were determined. Validation was performed by ten evaluators who estimated the severity of 50 leaves with different intensity of symptoms. One evaluation was performed without diagrammatic scale and two evaluations with the scale at 7‐day intervals. The accuracy, precision, repeatability and reproducibility of the estimates were evaluated. The scale had nine levels: 0 (0%), 1 (0.1–0.99%), 2 (1–2%), 3 (2.01–4%), 4 (4.01–8%), 5 (8.01–16%), 6 (16.01–25%), 7 (25.01–45%) and 8 (≥45.1%). Using the scale, the evaluators were able to improve accuracy, precision, reproducibility and repeatability of estimates, compared to evaluators without scale. The scale was appropriate to visual estimation of severity of bacterial blight in coffee leaves.
Aging and contribution of MyD88 and TRIF to expression of TLR pathway‐associated genes following stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Shaik‐Dasthagirisaheb Y. B. , Huang N. , Weinberg E. O. , Shen S. S. , Genco C. A. , Gibson F. C. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectivePeriodontal disease is a highly complex chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. Multiple factors influence periodontal disease, including socio‐economic status, genetics and age; however, inflammation elicited by the presence of specific bacteria in the subgingival space is thought to drive the majority of soft‐ and hard‐tissue destruction. Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely associated with periodontal disease. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and their intracellular signaling pathways play roles in the host response to P. gingivalis. The focus of the current study was to use microarray analysis to define the contributions of the TLR adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor domain‐containing adaptor inducing interferon‐beta (TRIF), and aging, on the expression of TLR pathway‐associated mRNAs in response to P. gingivalis.Material and MethodsBone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMØ) from wild‐type (Wt), MyD88 knockout (MyD88‐KO) and TrifLps2 [i.e. containing a point mutation in the lipopolysaccharide 2 (Lps2) gene rendering the Toll/interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor domain‐containing adaptor inducing interferon‐beta (TRIF) protein nonfunctional] mice, at 2‐and 12‐mo of age, were cultured with P. gingivalis. Expression of genes in BMØ cultured with P. gingivalis was determined in comparison with expression of genes in BMØ cultured in medium only.ResultsUsing, as criteria, a twofold increase or decrease in mRNA expression, differential expression of 32 genes was observed when Wt BMØ from 2‐mo‐old mice were cultured with P. gingivalis compared with the medium‐only control. When compared with 2‐mo‐old Wt mice, 21 and 12 genes were differentially expressed (p < 0.05) as a result of the mutations in MyD88 or TRIF, respectively. The expression of five genes was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in Wt BMØ from 12‐mo‐old mice compared with those from 2‐mo‐old mice following culture with P. gingivalis. Age also influenced the expression of genes in MyD88‐KO and TrifLps2 mice challenged with P. gingivalis.ConclusionsOur results indicate that P. gingivalis induces differential expression of TLR pathway‐associated genes, and both MyD88 and TRIF play roles in the expression of these genes. Age also played a role in the expression of TLR‐associated genes following stimulation of BMØ with P. gingivalis.
Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 1 regulates Porphyromonas gingivalis‐induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression in endothelial cells through NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wan M. , Liu J. , Ouyang X. 
Published: May 2014

Background and ObjectivePorphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to actively invade endothelial cells and induce vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) overexpression. Nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular pattern recognition reporter, and its involvement in this process was unknown. This study focused on endothelial cells infected with P. gingivalis, the detection of NOD1 expression and the role that NOD1 plays in the upregulation of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1.Material and MethodsThe human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV‐304) was intruded by P. gingivalis W83, and cells without any treatment were the control group. Expression levels of NOD1, VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, phosphorylated P65 between cells with and without treatment on both mRNA and protein levels were compared. Then we examined whether mesodiaminopimelic acid (NOD1 agonist) could increase VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression, meanwhile, NOD1 gene silence by RNA interference could reduce VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1 and phosphorylated P65 release. At last, we examined whether inhibition of NF‐κB by Bay117082 could reduce VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐ 1 expression. The mRNA levels were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels by western blot or electrophoretic mobility shift assays (for phosphorylated P65).ResultsP. gingivalis invasion showed significant upregulation of NOD1, VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1. NOD1 activation by meso‐diaminopimelic acid increased VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression, and NOD1 gene silence reduced VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 release markedly. The NF‐κB signaling pathway was activated by P. gingivalis, while NOD1 gene silence decreased the activation of NF‐κB. Moreover, inhibition of NF‐κB reduced VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression induced by P. gingivalis in endothelial cells.ConclusionThe results revealed that P. gingivalis induced NOD1 overexpression in endothelial cells and that NOD1 played an important role in the process of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 expression in endothelial cells infected with P. gingivalis through the NF‐κB signaling pathway.