bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggressive continuous passive motion exercise does not improve knee range of motion after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Lan‐Hui , Chen Chung‐Hwan , Lin Sung‐Yen , Chien Song‐Hsiung , Su Jiing Yuan , Huang Chao‐Yung , Wang Hui‐Yu , Chou Chih‐Liang , Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Cheng Yuh‐Min , Huang Hsuan‐Ti 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous passive motion on the range of motion, postoperative pain and life quality of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty within six months after the operation.Background.  Total knee arthroplasty reduces pain and improves range of motion of the osteoarthritic knee joint. Continuous passive motion increases postoperative movement, but there is some controversy regarding whether aggressive continuous passive motion can improve range of motion or life quality, and whether it induces more pain.Design.  A prospective controlled study was conducted in a medical centre in Taiwan from January to December 2006.Methods.  One hundred and seven patients were recruited. The patients underwent the basic rehabilitation protocols (the control group) or the basic rehabilitation protocols and additional daily use of continuous passive motion for more than six hours per day (the experimental group). The range of motion, modified Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and semi‐quantitative visual analogue scale were recorded.Results.  Range of motion increased from 109° preoperatively to 125° at six months postoperatively in the treatment group and from 111° preoperatively to 125° at six months postoperatively in the control group. Visual analogue scale decreased from 7·78 preoperatively to 0·37 at six months postoperatively in the treatment group and from 7·92 preoperatively to 0·21 at six months postoperatively in the control group. The SF‐36 improved from 3·76 preoperatively to 1·77 at six months postoperatively in the treatment group and from 3·68 preoperatively to 1·83 at six months postoperatively in the control group. There was no significant difference in range of motion, visual analogue scale and SF‐36 between groups at each visit.Conclusion.  With the advances in total knee arthroplasty surgical technique, aggressive continuous passive motion does not provide obvious benefits.Relevance to clinical practice.  Total knee arthroplasty can alleviate pain and improve range of motion, but aggressive continuous passive motion does not provide additional benefits.
Family members’ perceptions of the nursing bedside handover
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Chaboyer Wendy , McMurray Anne 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore families’ perceptions of shift‐to‐shift bedside handover.Background.  The potential role families can play in bedside handover is unknown. Understanding family members’ perceptions can provide a foundation for nurses to tailor their bedside handover to family members’ perceptions, encouraging their involvement and potentially improving patient care.Design.  Qualitative study, using case study methodology.Methods.  The study was conducted with eight family members in one rehabilitation ward in Queensland, Australia, in 2009. Data included observations of bedside handover, field notes and in‐depth interviews. Thematic analysis of data was conducted to identify unique and common themes indicative of family perceptions.Results.  Three major themes emerged. The first, understanding the situation, consisted of three subthemes: feeling informed, understanding the patient’s condition and understanding patient’s treatment. The second theme was interacting with nursing staff, with five subthemes, including sharing information, clarifying information, assisting in care, asking questions and interpreting for the patient. The final subtheme was finding value, which contained five subthemes: feeling at ease, feeling included, valuing individualisation, preparing for the future and maintaining patient privacy.Conclusions.  Bedside handover provides an opportunity to involve family members in patient care and promote family‐centred care core concepts. Family members value the chance to participate and can ultimately improve the accuracy of handover communication.Relevance to clinical practice.  Bedside handover is beneficial for nurses, patients and family members and embodies patient and family‐centred care. Managers should consider its implementation in hospitals, developing strategies such as standard operating protocols for a more family inclusive approach to communication. Nurses may require further training to best undertake bedside handover and involve family members in care. The study suggests expansion of research into this important area of family‐centred care.
Resistance or Resilience? Tracking the Pathway of Recent Arrivals to a ‘New’ Rural Destination
Authors: McAreavey Ruth 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecent patterns of migration indicate that international migrants are not confined to urban gateways. Instead many migrants have settled in new destination areas located in rural and small town areas. While this might appear to be a positive phenomenon for rural areas struggling with decline and stagnation, the reality is that many of these areas are ill‐equipped to manage the rate and pace of change that has been witnessed in recent years. Migration to established, typically urban areas has been the subject of extensive research. However, little is known about the way in which migrants navigate their way through social structures as they settle into destinations with little experience of immigration. Using empirical research, this article considers the way in which migrants navigate their way through social structures to establish life in a so‐called ‘new’ migration destination. It analyses the way in which government and civil society respond to their needs of recent arrivals, showing how both NGO’s and the statutory sector play an important role in this process. It considers the ramifications for these different sectors and the implications for so‐called ‘new’ destinations as they become more established or ‘mature’ areas of immigration.
What Is Trust?
Authors: Simpson Thomas W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTrust is difficult to define. Instead of doing so, I propose that the best way to understand the concept is through a genealogical account. I show how a root notion of trust arises out of some basic features of what it is for humans to live socially, in which we rely on others to act cooperatively. I explore how this concept acquires resonances of hope and threat, and how we analogically apply this in related but different contexts. The genealogical account explains both why the notion has such value for us and why it is difficult to define.
Soil biotic impact on plant species shoot chemistry and hyperspectral reflectance patterns
Authors: Carvalho Sabrina , Macel Mirka , Schlerf Martin , Skidmore Andrew K. , van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Recent studies revealed that plant–soil biotic interactions may cause changes in above‐ground plant chemistry. It would be a new step in below‐ground–above‐ground interaction research if such above‐ground chemistry changes could be efficiently detected. Here we test how hyperspectral reflectance may be used to study such plant–soil biotic interactions in a nondestructive and rapid way.

The native plant species Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea erucifolius, and the exotic invader Senecio inaequidens were grown in different soil biotic conditions. Biomass, chemical content and shoot reflectance between 400 and 2500 nm wavelengths were determined. The data were analysed with multivariate statistics.

Exposing the plants to soil biota enhanced the content of defence compounds. The highest increase (400%) was observed for the exotic invader S. inaequidens. Chemical and spectral data enabled plant species to be classified with an accuracy > 85%. Plants grown in different soil conditions were classified with 50–60% correctness.

Our data suggest that soil microorganisms can affect plant chemistry and spectral reflectance. Further studies should test the potential to study plant–soil biotic interactions in the field. Such techniques could help to monitor, among other things, where invasive exotic plant species develop biotic resistance or the development of hotspots of crop soil diseases.
The genetic basis for natural variation in heteroblasty in Antirrhinum
Authors: Costa M. Manuela R. , Yang Suxin , Critchley Joanna , Feng Xianzhong , Wilson Yvette , Langlade Nicolas , Copsey Lucy , Hudson Andrew 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Heteroblasty refers to the changes in leaf shape and size (allometry) along stems. Although evolutionary changes involving heteroblasty might contribute to leaf diversity, little is known of the extent to which heteroblasty differs between species or how it might relate to other aspects of allometry or other developmental transitions.

Here, we develop a computational model that can quantify differences in leaf allometry between Antirrhinum (snapdragon) species, including variation in heteroblasty. It allows the underlying genes to be mapped in inter‐species hybrids, and their effects to be studied in similar genetic backgrounds.

Heteroblasty correlates with overall variation in leaf allometry, so species with smaller, rounder leaves produce their largest leaves earlier in development. This involves genes that affect both characters together and is exaggerated by additional genes with multiplicative effects on leaf size. A further heteroblasty gene also alters leaf spacing, but none affect other developmental transitions, including flowering.

We suggest that differences in heteroblasty have co‐evolved with overall leaf shape and size in Antirrhinum because these characters are constrained by common underlying genes. By contrast, heteroblasty is not correlated with other developmental transitions, with the exception of internode length, suggesting independent genetic control and evolution.
Risk of developmental delay increases exponentially as gestational age of preterm infants decreases: a cohort study at age 4 years
Authors: KERSTJENS JORIEN M , DE WINTER ANDREA F , BOCCA‐TJEERTES INGER F , BOS AREND F , REIJNEVELD SIJMEN A 
Published: October 2012

Aim  The aim of the study was to assess the influence of decreasing gestational age on the risk of developmental delay in various domains at age 4 years among children born at a wide range of gestational ages.Method  In a community‐based cohort, the parents of 1439 preterm‐born children (24 0/7 to 35 6/7wks) and 544 term‐born children (38 0/7 to 41 6/7wks’) born in 2002 and 2003 completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) when their child was 3 years 7 months to 4 years 1 month old. The prevalence rates of abnormal scores on the ASQ‐total problems scale were compared in preterm and term‐born children and the resulting odds ratios for gestational age groups were calculated and adjusted for social and biological covariates.Results  The prevalence rates of abnormal scores on the ASQ‐total problems scale increased with decreasing gestational age: from 4.2% among term‐born children to 37.5% among children born at 24–25 weeks’ gestation (p<0.001). The risk of an abnormal ASQ‐total score increased exponentially with decreasing gestational age compared with children born at term (odds ratio per week of gestation 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.19). A similar exponential pattern was seen on all underlying ASQ domains, both before and after adjustment.Interpretation  The risk of developmental delay increases exponentially with decreasing gestational age below 36 weeks’ gestation on all developmental domains of the ASQ. Adjustment for covariates did not alter the pattern of exponential increase in developmental risk with decreasing gestational age. We speculate that both direct perinatal cerebral injuries and tropic and maturational brain disturbances are involved.
Do Earnings Targets and Managerial Incentives Affect Sticky Costs?
Authors: KAMA ITAY , WEISS DAN 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis study explores motivations underlying managers’ resource adjustments. We focus on the impact of incentives to meet earnings targets on resource adjustments and the ensuing cost structures. We find that, when managers face incentives to avoid losses or earnings decreases, or to meet financial analysts’ earnings forecasts, they expedite downward adjustment of slack resources for sales decreases. These deliberate decisions lessen the degree of cost stickiness rather than induce cost stickiness. The results suggest that efforts to understand determinants of firms’ cost structures should be made in light of the managers’ motivations, particularly agency‐driven incentives underlying resource adjustment decisions.
Does Stress Increase Imitation of Drinking Behavior? An Experimental Study in a (Semi‐)Naturalistic Context
Authors: Larsen Helle , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Granic Isabela , Huizink Anja C. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThat alcohol consumption is strongly influenced by the drinking behavior of social company has been demonstrated in observational research. However, not everyone is equally vulnerable to other people's drinking, and it is important to unravel which factors underlie these individual differences. This study focuses on the role of psychosocial stress in attempting to explain individual differences in the propensity to imitate alcohol consumption.MethodsWith a 2 (confederate's drinking condition: alcohol vs. soda) × 2 (participant's stress condition: stress vs. no stress) experimental design, we tested whether the tendency to imitate other people's drinking was related to participants' induced stress levels. The young male adults (N = 106) were randomly assigned to each of the conditions. In each session, directly after the stress or no‐stress period, confederates and participants entered a bar laboratory where we observed their drinking behavior. Prior to entering the session, confederates were instructed to drink alcohol or soda.ResultsParticipants in both stress and no‐stress conditions consumed substantially more alcohol when confederates drank alcohol than when they drank soda. There was no difference in alcohol consumed between stress and no‐stress conditions. No moderating effect of stress on the tendency to drink along with peers was found.ConclusionsGenerally, it appears that among young male adults, imitation of alcohol consumption is a robust phenomenon not dependent on individual stress levels.
A Low Sintering Temperature Low Loss Microwave Dielectric Material ZnZrNb2O8
Authors: Liao Qingwei , Li Lingxia , Ren Xiang , Yu Xiaoxu , Guo Dong , Wang Mingjing 
Published: October 2012

A low sintering temperature microwave dielectric material ZnZrNb2O8 was reported. It exhibits a monoclinic structure, belongs to the space group P2/c (C2h4), and Z = 1. The dielectric constant increased with increasing relative density. The Qf value increased with increasing packing fraction. The τf increased with increasing dielectric constant. The typical values of ZnZrNb2O8 were ε = 30, Qf = 61 000 GHz, τf=−52 × 10−6 °C−1, sintered at 950°C.
Effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve child feeding practices and growth in rural China: updated results at 18 months of age
Authors: Zhang Jingxu , Shi Ling , Chen Da‐fang , Wang Jing , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInappropriate complementary feeding practices have led to, in part, significant disparities in growth and nutritional status between rural and urban children in China. A cluster‐randomised, controlled trial was implemented in Laishui, China to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on caregivers' feeding practices and children's growth. Eight townships were randomly assigned to the intervention or control. Five hundred ninety‐nine healthy infants were enrolled at 2–4 months old, and were followed up at ages 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. The intervention group received information on enhanced home‐prepared recipes and food preparation and hygiene through group training, counselling and home visit. Key outcomes were children's physical growth, caregivers' knowledge and behaviours on complementary feeding, and the infant and child feeding index (ICFI). Analysis was by intention to treat. The intervention group achieved better knowledge and practices related to complementary feeding, and significantly higher ICFI scores at each follow‐up point. Children in the intervention group achieved higher z‐scores for weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and weight‐for‐height (WHZ) than the control (0.18 vs. 0.01 and 0.49 vs. 0.19, respectively) at 18 months old, and were less likely to have stunted growth (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.94). Mixed model showed that the intervention group achieved significantly better linear growth over time, including WAZ (P = 0.016), WHZ (P = 0.030) and HAZ (P = 0.078). These results indicated that an educational intervention delivered through local health services can enhance caregivers' knowledge and practices of complementary feeding and ultimately improve children's growth.
Early growth velocities and weight gain plasticity improve linear growth inPeruvian infants
Authors: Iannotti Lora L. , Zavaleta Nelly , Huasaquiche Clara , Leon Zulema , Caulfield Laura E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGrowth velocity patterns have the potential to signal unhealthy responses to environmental insults with long‐term consequences. We aimed to investigate velocities inPeruvian infants (n = 259) in relation to attained anthropometric outcomes at 12 months and to identify determinants of velocities during critical periods of infancy. From 1995 to 1997, a randomised controlled trial of maternal zinc supplementation was conducted in a peri‐urban slum area of Lima. Infants were followed monthly through 1 year on a range of anthropometric measures. Three types of velocity variables were studied: (1)incremental velocity(1 months and 3 months); (2)proportional changes(% of total size gained/month); and (3)individual velocity variability[standard deviation (SD) of individual child incremental velocities]. Mean individual childSDof weight velocity was 417 g (±126). In multivariate ordinary least squares regression analyses, growth velocities in month 1 and individual weight velocity variability positively predicted attained length and weight by 12 months. Panel regression by generalised least‐squares with random effects of length and weight velocities confirmed the exponentially decelerating pace of growth through infancy and the importance of birth size in driving this trajectory. This study contributes evidence to support the importance of early growth velocities and greater degrees of weight gain plasticity for attained length and weight.
Difference between parental perception and actual weight status of children: a systematic review
Authors: Rietmeijer‐Mentink Marloes , Paulis Winifred D. , van Middelkoop Marienke , Bindels Patrick J.E. , van der Wouden Johannes C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn increasing number of children worldwide are overweight, and the first step in treating obesity is to identify overweight. However, do parents recognise overweight in their child and which factors influence parental perception? The aim of the present review is to systematically study differences between parental perception and the actual weight status of children. Medline, EMbase, CINAHL and PsychINFO were searched. After screening 2497 abstracts and 106 full texts, two reviewers independently scored the methodological quality of 51 articles (covering 35 103 children), which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome parameters were sensitivity and specificity of parental perception for actual weight status of their child. The methodological quality of the studies ranged from poor to excellent. Pooled results showed that according to objective criteria 11 530 children were overweight; of these, 7191 (62.4%) were incorrectly perceived as having normal weight by their parents. The misperception of overweight children is higher in parents with children aged 2–6 years compared with parents of older children. Sensitivity (correct perception of overweight) of the studies ranged from 0.04 to 0.89, while specificity (correct perception of normal weight) ranged from 0.86 to 1.00. There were no significant differences in sensitivity or specificity for different cut‐off points for overweight, or between newer and older studies. Therefore we can conclude that parents are likely to misperceive the weight status of their overweight child, especially in children aged 2–6 years. Because appropriate treatment starts with the correct perception of overweight, health care professionals should be aware of the frequent parental misperception of the overweight status of their children.
Conservation genetics of highly isolated populations of the xerothermic beetle Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata (Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Kubisz Daniel , Kajtoch Łukasz , Mazur Miłosz A. , Lis Agata , Holecová Milada 
Published: October 2012

AbstractXerothermic species are rare and threatened in central and eastern Europe. In light of the continuing loss of steppe‐like habitats due to anthropogenic fragmentation and degradation, the evaluation of genetic variation in populations inhabiting them is of immediate importance if appropriate conservation measures are to be undertaken. Here we report on the genetic diversity of the rare leaf beetle Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata, whose populations in central and eastern Europe inhabit highly geographically isolated areas. All of the studied populations (in Poland, Ukraine, and Slovakia) were differentiated at the mitochondrial marker COI. However, with respect to the nuclear marker ITS1, Polish populations were monomorphic, but distinct from all other populations. The distinctiveness of the studied populations was confirmed by Wolbachia screening, which showed that all populations carried different strains (one or two), which were probably transferred independently from other insects. On the other hand, no diversity was found in any marker within particular populations, which could be caused (at least for mtDNA) by a Wolbachia selective sweep. Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata probably consists of isolated populations, which went through narrow bottlenecks leading to a drastic reduction in their genetic diversity. As these populations are reciprocally monophyletic for mtDNA haplotypes and show a significant divergence of allele frequencies at nuclear loci, they could be classified as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). In addition, DNA barcodes were used to identify Asparagus officinalis as the host plant for members of all studied populations. These data should be valuable in efforts to conserve populations of C. quatuordecimpunctata (e.g., for guiding reintroductions).
Migration of a retained surgical swab into the jejunum in a dog
Authors: Day J. L. , Pechman R. D. , Bahr R. J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA two‐year‐old spayed female shih‐tzu was referred with a 10‐month history of lethargy, chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. On presentation, a partial response to antibiotics was noted. Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass, and serum biochemistry and haematology revealed a mature neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia and a non‐regenerative anaemia. Contrast radiography and abdominal ultrasound were suggestive of an intraluminal foreign body. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a surgical swab in the lumen of the jejunum that was associated with severe adhesions. Histopathology showed evidence of transmural migration of the swab from the peritoneal cavity to the lumen of the jejunum.