bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial crystallization of low‐crystallinity elastomer incorporated by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes: Mechanical reinforcement, structural evolution and enhanced thermal stability
Authors: Wu Siduo , Huang Guangsu , Wu Jinrong , Li Hui 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report interfacial crystallization in olefin block copolymer (OBC) with low crystallinity incorporated by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A hybrid shish‐kebab (HSK) superstructure in nanocomposites is observed that MWCNTs act as central shish and OBC crystals grow perpendicular to the nanotubes axis. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites are significantly improved with incorporation of MWCNTs. The most ideal reinforcing and toughening effect is both observed in nanocomposites with MWCNTs content of 1 wt % that can increase tensile strength by 122% as well as elongation at break by 36%. Efficient load transfer are confirmed with in‐situ Raman spectra that G’ band of MWCNTs in OBC matrix exhibit a downshifting trend and symmetric broadening of line shape which reveals additional macroscale strain from axial extension of MWCNTs in nanocomposites, thus suggesting a certain load is carried by HSK superstructure. The structural evolution of OBC and nanocomposites are investigated by in‐situ wide‐angle X‐Ray Diffraction (WAXD). The Herman's orientation factor of nanocomposites with 2 wt % MWCNTs incorporation is lower than that of neat matrix at mall and intermediate strains, indicating a heterogeneous stress distribution and low compliance of HSK superstructure, which is consistent with in‐situ Raman results. Moreover, the nanocomposites presents significantly enhanced thermal stability. The onset decomposition temperature of nanocomposites with 3 wt % MWCNTs can be 60.2°C higher than that of neat OBC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42368.
Synthesis of Nanoporous Ni‐Co Mixed Oxides by Thermal Decomposition of Metal‐Cyanide Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed B. , Hu Ming , Pramanik Malay , Li Cuiling , Tang Jing , Aldalbahi Ali , Alshehri Saad M. , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA straightforward strategy to prepare nanoporous metal oxides with well‐defined shapes is highly desirable. Through thermal treatment and a proper selection of metal‐cyanide coordination polymers, nanoporous nickel‐cobalt mixed oxides with different shapes (i.e., flakes and cubes) can be easily prepared. Our nanoporous materials demonstrate high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction.
Facile Synthesis of Prussian Blue Derivate‐Modified Mesoporous Material via Photoinitiated Thiol–Ene Click Reaction for Cesium Adsorption
Authors: Qian Jun , Ma Jiaqi , He Weiwei , Hua Daoben 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel strategy to synthesize a functional mesoporous material for efficient removal of cesium is reported. Specifically, Prussian blue derivate‐modified SBA‐15 (SBA‐15@FC) was prepared by photoinitiated thiol–ene reaction between thiol‐modified SBA‐15 and pentacyano(4‐vinyl pyridine)ferrate complex. The effects of weight percentage of the Prussian blue derivate, pH, adsorbent dose, co‐existing ions, and initial concentration were evaluated on the adsorption of cesium ions. The adsorption kinetically follows a pseudo‐second‐order model and reaches equilibrium within 2 h with a high adsorption capacity of about 13.90 mg Cs g−1, which indicates that SBA‐15@FC is a promising adsorbent to effectively remove cesium from aqueous solutions.
The Influence of Dimensional Effects on the Composition and Properties of Polydicarbonfluoride
Authors: Makotchenko Victor G. , Pinakov Dmitry V. , Logvinenko Vladimir A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe influence of dimensional effects on the compositions and properties of polydicarbonfluoride (C2F)n prepared from multilayered graphenes was investigated. Multilayered graphenes were produced by destructive thermal decomposition of intercalation compounds of “idealized” (C2F)n that were obtained by reaction of gaseous ClF3 with natural graphite at a room temperature. The precursors of multilayered graphenes have a common formula (C2F⋅xR)n where R is an organic or inorganic component. It was shown that polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene does not form stable intercalation compound with ClF3, in contrast to polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite, that forms its intercalation compound with ClF3 during fluorination of initial graphite in the ClF3 excess. Investigations of polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene showed that it cannot form intercalation compounds with different classes of organic and inorganic compounds as polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite can do. The absence of such intercalation activity for polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene can be explained by high exfoliation degree of multilayered graphene (3–4 nm) along the c‐axis that results in the presence of two‐dimensional (2D) structure properties in multilayered graphene. Dimensional effects transformed the chemical properties of polydicarbonfluoride prepared from multilayered graphene and lowered its decomposition temperature by 150 K in comparison with polydicarbonfluoride prepared from graphite.
An experimental and simulation study of performance and emission of ethanol fueled direct injection in high compression ignition engine
Authors: Murugasen Velliangiri , AnnurSrinivasan Krishnan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis research article mainly focuses on the influence of split injection (split into three injections) technique that was used to improve the ethanol fuel combustion in high compression ignition (CI) mode, with and without zirconia surface coating. This experimental and simulation was used (95% ethanol +5% water) as a fuel in a four‐stroke single‐cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine. The VCR engine was used with optimized compression ratio (28.8:1) and experimental conducted on various load conditions. Performance and exhaust emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions of diesel, ethanol fuel single and split injection mode with coating and without coating were compared. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of split injection with coating mode was better than single injection mode. The VCR engine operating with ethanol fuel split injection mode showed peak BTE of 29%, which is nearly operating range in the baseline diesel engine. Ethanol fuel was mixed with 3% castorene R40 (lubrication oil) oil by volume due to fully soluble in alcohol fuels. It is used both air and liquid cooled engines running on methanol and ethanol fuel. Ethanol fuel split injection simulation was reduction of NOx compared with single injection simulation mode of operation. In comparison of diesel mode operation with zirconia coating was 3.8% increased than without coating. Ethanol single injection with coating CO emissions various from 0.5 to 3.0 g/kW‐hr. Ethanol split injection with coating mode CO emission various from 0.29 to 2.4 g/kW‐hr. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The role of aspirations in young children's emotional and behavioural problems
Authors: Moulton Vanessa , Flouri Eirini , Joshi Heather , Sullivan Alice 
Published: May 2015

Using data from a largeUKcohort (n = 11,656), we investigated the determinants of 7‐year‐old children's aspirations, and the role of these aspirations in emotional and behavioural problems, as reported by both parents and teachers. Aspirations were classified to reflect their occupational status, masculinity/femininity and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation. Children's aspirations had significant antecedents in social disadvantage, parental involvement in learning, parental values and cognitive ability. Children with low occupational aspirations had more emotional problems as reported by both parents and teachers, and more teacher‐reported peer problems. In the teacher report, masculine aspirations were also related to hyperactivity. Gender differences in the association between aspirations and emotional and behavioural problems were few and weak. Intrinsic aspirations were related to peer problems, especially in boys. The inverse relation between feminine aspirations and hyperactivity and peer problems was relatively stronger in girls, as was the association between low aspirations and emotional problems.
Sensitive fluorimetric assays for α‐glucosidase activity and inhibitor screening based on β‐cyclodextrin‐coated quantum dots
Authors: Liu Si‐Yao , Wang Huan , He Tian , Qi Liang , Zhang Zhi‐Qi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA fluorescence method was established for a α‐glucosidase activity assay and inhibitor screening based on β‐cyclodextrin‐coated quantum dots. p‐Nitrophenol, the hydrolysis product of the α‐glucosidase reaction, could quench the fluorescence of β‐cyclodextrin‐coated quantum dots via an electron transfer process, leading to fluorescence turn‐off, whereas the fluorescence of the system turned on in the presence of α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Taking advantage of the excellent properties of quantum dots, this method provided a very simple, rapid and sensitive screening method for α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Two α‐glucosidase inhibitors, 2,4,6‐tribromophenol and acarbose, were used to evaluate the feasibility of this screening model, and IC50 values of 24 μM and 0.55 mM were obtained respectively, which were lower than those previously reported. The method may have potential application in screening α‐glucosidase inhibitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taurine, a major amino acid of oyster, enhances linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition
Authors: Moon Phil‐Dong , Kim Min‐Ho , Lim Hun‐Sun , Oh Hyun‐A , Nam Sun‐Young , Han Na‐Ra , Kim Myong‐Jo , Jeong Hyun‐Ja , Kim Hyung‐Min 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOysters (Oys) contain various beneficial components, such as, antioxidants and amino acids. However, the effects of Oys or taurine (Tau), a major amino acid in Oys on bone growth have not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Oys or Tau on linear bone growth in a mouse model of protein malnutrition. To make the protein malnutrition in a mouse, we used a low protein diet. Growth plate thickness was increased by Oys or Tau. Bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, connection density, and total porosity were also improved by Oys or Tau. Oys or Tau increased insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) levels in serum, liver, and tibia‐growth plate. Phosphorylations of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) were increased by Oys and by Tau. These findings show that Oys or Tau may increase growth plate thickness by elevating IGF‐1 levels and by promoting the phosphorylations of JAK2‐STAT5, and suggest that Oys or Tau are growth‐promoting substances of potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(3):190–197, 2015
The discovery of methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes: An historical account and future perspectives
Authors: Achilli Cesare , Ciana Annarita , Minetti Giampaolo 
Published: May 2015

Abstractl‐methionine (l‐Met) is the only sulphur‐containing proteinogenic amino acid together with cysteine. Its importance is highlighted by it being the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis in all known living organisms. l‐Met, free or inserted into proteins, is sensitive to oxidation of its sulfide moiety, with formation of l‐Met sulfoxide. The sulfoxide could not be inserted into proteins, and the oxidation of l‐Met in proteins often leads to the loss of biological activity of the affected molecule. Key discoveries revealed the existence, in rats, of a metabolic pathway for the reduction of free l‐Met sulfoxide and, later, in Escherichia coli, of the enzymatic reduction of l‐Met sulfoxide inserted in proteins. Upon oxidation, the sulphur atom becomes a new stereogenic center, and two stable diastereoisomers of l‐Met sulfoxide exist. A fundamental discovery revealed the existence of two unrelated families of enzymes, MsrA and MsrB, whose members display opposite stereospecificity of reduction for the two sulfoxides. The importance of Msrs is additionally emphasized by the discovery that one of the only 25 selenoproteins expressed in humans is a Msr. The milestones on the road that led to the discovery and characterization of this group of antioxidant enzymes are recounted in this review. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(3):135–152, 2015
Randomized clinical trial of mast cell inhibition in patients with a medium-sized abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Sillesen H , Eldrup N , Hultgren R , Lindeman J , Bredahl K , Thompson M , Wanhainen A , Wingren U , Swedenborg J , Wanhainen A , Hultgren R , Janson I , Wingren U , Hellberg A , Larzon T , Drott C , Holst J , Sillesen H , Eldrup N , Jepsen J , Lindholdt J , Grønholdt M L , Thompson M , McCullum C 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is thought to develop as a result of inflammatory processes in the aortic wall. In particular, mast cells are believed to play a central role. The AORTA trial was undertaken to investigate whether the mast cell inhibitor, pemirolast, could retard the growth of medium-sized AAAs. In preclinical and clinical trials, pemirolast has been shown to inhibit antigen-induced allergic reactions.MethodsInclusion criteria for the trial were patients with an AAA of 39–49 mm in diameter on ultrasound imaging. Among exclusion criteria were previous aortic surgery, diabetes mellitus, and severe concomitant disease with a life expectancy of less than 2 years. Included patients were treated with 10, 25 or 40 mg pemirolast, or matching placebo for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in aortic diameter as measured from leading edge adventitia at the anterior wall to leading edge adventitia at the posterior wall in systole. All ultrasound scans were read in a central imaging laboratory.ResultsSome 326 patients (mean age 70·8 years; 88·0 per cent men) were included in the trial. The overall mean growth rate was 2·42 mm during the 12-month study. There was no statistically significant difference in growth between patients receiving placebo and those in the three dose groups of pemirolast. Similarly, there were no differences in adverse events.ConclusionTreatment with pemirolast did not retard the growth of medium-sized AAAs. Registration number: NCT01354184 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis and pharmacokinetics of heterophyllin B, a cyclic octapeptide from Pseudostellaria heterophylla in rat plasma
Authors: Zhao Wai‐Ou , Pang Li , Dong Ning , Yang Shu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHeterophyllin B (HB) is a cyclic octapeptide isolated from Pseudostellaria heterophylla. HB is used as the quality control index for evaluating P. heterophylla in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A rapid and sensitive LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of HB in rat plasma. Sample preparation consisted of a solid‐phase extraction step for the removal of interference and preconcentration of the target analyte HB and the internal standard N‐acetylcysteine before chromatographic analysis by MS/MS detection. The separation of HB and N‐acetylcysteine was performed using a Hypersil GOLDTM C18 column and a mixture of methanol–water (60:40, v/v) containing 10 mmol/L ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The determination step was optimized in the selected reaction monitoring mode for the highly selective and sensitive quantitation of HB in rat plasma. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (as relative standard deviation) was ≤9.1%, and accuracy was between 92.6 and 102.7%. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify HB concentrations up to 7 h after tail intravenous injections of 2.08, 4.16 and 8.32 mg/kg HB in rats. The LC‐MS/MS method identified the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of HB and its studied analog. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of kynurenic acid in rat cerebrospinal fluid by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Bao Ye , Luchetti David , Schaeffer Eric , Cutrone Jingfang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA sensitive HPLC method using fluorescence detection was developed to determine kynurenic acid (KYNA) level in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method development was accomplished by screening different columns, optimizing zinc acetate concentration and determining the optimal HPLC flow rate. This method allowed direct injection of the CSF samples onto an Xselect C18 column and KYNA levels were measured fluorometrically by forming a fluorescent complex with zinc acetate that was delivered post‐column. The limit of quantitation was 0.2 n m with 30 μL injection, corresponding to 6 fmol (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 10). The improved sensitivity enabled the measurement of KYNA in naive and drug‐treated rat CSF. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of C57/BL6 mice bone marrow mononuclear cells into early endothelial progenitors cells in different culture conditions
Authors: Carneiro Giane D. , Godoy Juliana A. P. , Werneck Claudio C. , Vicente Cristina P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be isolated from bone marrow and characterized by the expression of cellular markers such as CD34, CD133, VEGFR2, CD31, and VE‐Cadherin, by the uptake of acetylated low‐density lipoprotein and by in vitro tube formation in tridimensional matrices. These cells are able to differentiate into mature endothelial cells and participate in the re‐endothelization of damaged vessels. In this work, we tested different cultured media that can promote the proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) into early EPCs, with defined concentrations of growth factors and serum in order to establish a composition that may ensure us the reproducibility of our cultures. MNCs from mice bone marrow were cultivated using selective culture media containing DMEM or M199 supplemented with 10% FBS, VEGF, bFGF, and IGF, for 3, 7, and 14 days. Differentiation into early EPCs was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, FACS and western blotting and by functional parameters as uptake of ac‐LDL, and formation of vessel‐like structures. The cells cultivated with medium DMEM‐M1 (DMEM plus VEGF, bFGF and IGF) expressed CD34, CD133, CD31, VEGFR2, and VE‐Cadherin at all culture time‐points with increased expression of these markers after 7 days. Only EPCs cultured for 30 days were able to form vessel‐like structure. The uptake of ac‐LDL was observed after 3, 7, 14, and 30 days, confirming the differentiation of mononuclear cells into early EPCs. DMEM‐M1 was able to sustain MNCs proliferation and differentiation, increasing the expression of the characteristic EPC markers, allowing the expansion of early EPCs in culture in a similar way to that observed in commercial available media.
Robust and Recyclable Nonprecious Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes for the Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Yu Lili , He Le , Chen Jin , Zheng Jianwei , Ye Linmin , Lin Haiqiang , Yuan Youzhu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSelective hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural were performed with carbon nanotube‐supported bimetallic NiFe (NiFe/CNT) catalysts. The combination of Ni and Fe in an appropriate atomic ratio of Ni/Fe (2.0) significantly increased the selectivity to 2,5‐furandimethanol or 2,5‐dimethylfuran depending on the reaction temperature. The selectivities to 2,5‐furandimethanol and 2,5‐dimethylfuran were as high as 96.1 % at 383 K and 91.3 % at 473 K, respectively. The characterization results confirmed that bimetallic particles with sizes less than 7 nm were formed on the catalyst. Several key molecules related to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural transformation were used to investigate the product distribution and reaction pathway. The results indicated that the formation of NiFe alloy species is beneficial to the selective cleavage of the CO bond. Recycling experiments showed that the catalyst can be easily separated with a magnet and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
Effect of VOx Species and Support on Coke Formation and Catalyst Stability in Nonoxidative Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Bychkov Victor Yu. , Stoyanova Mariana , Rodemerck Uwe , Bentrup Ursula , Linke David , Tyulenin Yurij P. , Korchak Vladimir N. , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVOx/SiO2–Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by grafting vanadyl acetylacetonate onto the supports with a SiO2 content between 0 and 100 wt. %. The degree of polymerization of VOx species and acidity both of pristine supports and the catalysts were evaluated. To determine their on‐stream stability and carbon deposition activity in nonoxidative propane dehydrogenation, continuous‐flow tests and in situ thermogravimetric measurements were performed. The rate constants of catalyst deactivation and carbon deposition were derived from kinetic evaluation of these experiments. Gathered experimental evidence pointed out that VOx species were significantly more active for coke formation than acid sites of the supports. The rate constant of carbon formation was found to increase with the degree of polymerization of VOx species, whereas no correlation between catalyst acidity and the rate constants of coking or deactivation could be drawn.
Charge Transfer and Photocatalytic Activity in CuO/TiO2 Nanoparticle Heterojunctions Synthesised through a Rapid, One‐Pot, Microwave Solvothermal Route
Authors: Moniz Savio J. A. , Tang Junwang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRapid charge carrier recombination is a major limiting factor over efficiency in many semiconductor photocatalysts. To address this, copper(II) oxide/titanium dioxide (CuO/TiO2) heterojunctions were synthesised through a novel, rapid solvothermal microwave procedure using a low‐cost copper precursor and commercial P25 TiO2, taking as little as five minutes to synthesise well‐defined CuO nanoparticles onto the host TiO2, achieving an intimate contact. The resultant composites encompass pure CuO particles of approximately 6–7 nm diameter, confirmed by means of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Photoelectrochemical water splitting was enhanced by nearly 2 times using the junction, whilst ≈1.6 times enhancement in the photocatalytic mineralisation of a model organic pollutant 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) was observed. Furthermore, we studied the initial decomposition mechanism of 2,4‐D by means of GC‐MS analysis. The increase in catalytic activity, investigated by impedance analysis (Mott–Schottky plots) and photoluminescence spectra, is attributed to photoelectron transfer from the more negative conduction band (CB) of TiO2 to CuO, leaving the photohole on TiO2 to take part in oxidation reactions. This strategy allows for in situ charge separation which facilitates superior photocatalytic activity for both pollutant degradation and water splitting.