bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for personalized therapy of type 2 diabetes: results of a web-based international survey
Authors: Gallo Marco , Mannucci Edoardo , De Cosmo Salvatore , Gentile Sandro , Candido Riccardo , De Micheli Alberto , Di Benedetto Antonino , Esposito Katherine , Genovese Stefano , Medea Gerardo , Ceriello Antonio 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveIn recent years increasing interest in the issue of treatment personalization for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has emerged. This international web-based survey aimed to evaluate opinions of physicians about tailored therapeutic algorithms developed by the Italian Association of Diabetologists (AMD) and available online, and to get suggestions for future developments. Another aim of this initiative was to assess whether the online advertising and the survey would have increased the global visibility of the AMD algorithms.Research design and methodsThe web-based survey, which comprised five questions, has been available from the homepage of the web-version of the journal Diabetes Care throughout the month of December 2013, and on the AMD website between December 2013 and September 2014. Participation was totally free and responders were anonymous.ResultsOverall, 452 physicians (M=58.4%) participated in the survey. Diabetologists accounted for 76.8% of responders. The results of the survey show wide agreement (>90%) by participants on the utility of the algorithms proposed, even if they do not cover all possible needs of patients with T2DM for a personalized therapeutic approach. In the online survey period and in the months after its conclusion, a relevant and durable increase in the number of unique users who visited the websites was registered, compared to the period preceding the survey.ConclusionsPatients with T2DM are heterogeneous, and there is interest toward accessible and easy to use personalized therapeutic algorithms. Responders opinions probably reflect the peculiar organization of diabetes care in each country.
Accuracy of musculoskeletal imaging for the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: systematic review
Authors: Mackie Sarah Louise , Koduri Gouri , Hill Catherine L , Wakefield Richard J , Hutchings Andrew , Loy Clement , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Wyatt Jeremy C 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo review the evidence for accuracy of imaging for diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).MethodsSearches included MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed. Evaluations of diagnostic accuracy of imaging tests for PMR were eligible, excluding reports with <10 PMR cases. Two authors independently extracted study data and three authors assessed methodological quality using modified QUADAS-2 criteria.Results26 studies of 2370 patients were evaluated: 10 ultrasound scanning studies; 6 MRI studies; 1 USS and MRI study; 7 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) studies; 1 plain radiography and 1 technetium scintigraphy study. In four ultrasound studies, subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis had sensitivity 80% (95% CI 55% to 93%) and specificity 68% (95% CI 60% to 75%), whereas bilateral subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis had sensitivity 66% (95% CI 43% to 87%) and specificity 89% (95% CI 66% to 97%). Sensitivity for ultrasound detection of trochanteric bursitis ranged from 21% to 100%. In four ultrasound studies reporting both subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis and glenohumeral synovitis, detection of subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis was more accurate than that of glenohumeral synovitis (p=0.004). MRI and PET/CT revealed additional areas of inflammation in the spine and pelvis, including focal areas between the vertebrae and anterior to the hip joint, but the number of controls with inflammatory disease was inadequate for precise specificity estimates.ConclusionsSubacromial-subdeltoid bursitis appears to be the most helpful ultrasound feature for PMR diagnosis, but interpretation is limited by study heterogeneity and methodological issues, including variability in blinding and potential bias due to case–control study designs. Recent MRI and PET/CT case–control studies, with blinded readers, yielded promising data requiring validation within a diagnostic cohort study.
Relationship between tissue stress during gait in healthy volunteers and patterns of urate deposition and bone erosion in gout: a biomechanical computational modelling study
Authors: Dalbeth Nicola , Deacon Michelle , Gamble Gregory D , Mithraratne Kumar , Fernandez Justin 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo determine whether patterns of high internal tissue stress during gait are associated with patterns of monosodium urate crystal deposition and bone erosion in gout.MethodsWe compared patterns of foot von Mises stress predicted computationally during gait in volunteers of normal and high body mass index (BMI) with patterns of urate deposition in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia, and bone erosion in gout using dual-energy and conventional CT data.ResultsThe highest average and peak von Mises stress during gait was observed at the third metatarsal (MT) head. Similar stress patterns were observed for high and low BMI groups. In contrast, for both urate deposition and bone erosion, the first MT head was most frequently affected, with very infrequent involvement of the third MT head. There was no clear relationship between average or peak von Mises stress patterns with patterns of urate deposition or bone erosion (−0.29>r<0.16). Addition of BMI into linear regression models did not alter the findings.ConclusionsThese data do not support the concept that elevated internal tissue stress during biomechanical loading plays an important role in patterns of monosodium urate crystal deposition or structural damage in gout.
Irrigator and Environmental Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change and Water Reallocation in the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Kirby Mac , Connor Jeff , Ahmad Mobin-ud Din , Gao Lei , Mainuddin Mohammed 
Published: August 2015

In an earlier paper (Kirby et al. 2014a), we showed that climate change and a new policy which reallocates water to the environment will impact both the flow of water and the income derived from irrigation in the Murray–Darling Basin. Here, we extend the analysis to consider irrigator and environmental water management strategies to adapt to these new circumstances. Using an integrated hydrology-economics model, we examine a range of strategies and their impact on flows and the gross income of irrigation. We show that the adaptation strategies provide a range of flow and economic outcomes in the Basin. Several strategies offer significant scope to enhance flows without large adverse impacts on the gross income of irrigation overall. Some environmental water management strategies enhance flows in the Murray part of the basin even under the drying influence of a projected median climate change. Irrigator strategies that include carryover of water in storage from one year to the next provide for lesser year to year variability in gross income and may be regarded as more advantageous in providing security against droughts. Flows and the gross income of low value irrigation industries strategies are sensitive to climate change, irrespective of adaptation strategy. Should a projected dry extreme climate change be realized, no strategy can prevent a large reduction in flows and also in gross income, particularly of low value irrigation industries. Nevertheless, environmental water management strategies mitigate the impact on flows, and in some cases may also help mitigate the impacts on gross income. High value irrigation industries are less affected (in terms of gross income, though net income will reduce because of rising water prices) by projected climate change, consistent with observation in the recent long term drought.
CCR20th Anniversary Commentary:RASas a Biomarker for EGFR-Targeted Therapy for Colorectal Cancer—From Concept to Practice
Authors: Camp E. Ramsay , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractClinical data support the use of EGFR mAbs in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with wild-type RAS status. This notion, hypothesized in the review article by Camp, Ellis, and colleagues in the January 1, 2005, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, serves as an example of the successful application of basic science principles to clinical practice. The exclusion of patients with mCRC with Ras-mutated tumors from therapy with EGFR mAbs has led to improved outcomes while sparing patients unnecessary and potentially harmful therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3578–80. ©2015 AACR.See related article by Camp et al., Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(1): January 1, 2005;397–405
MEK plus PI3K/mTORC1/2 Therapeutic Efficacy Is Impacted byTP53Mutation in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: García-García Celina , Rivas Martín A. , Ibrahim Yasir H. , Calvo María Teresa , Gris-Oliver Albert , Rodríguez Olga , Grueso Judit , Antón Pilar , Guzmán Marta , Aura Claudia , Nuciforo Paolo , Jessen Katti , Argilés Guillem , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Bertotti Andrea , Trusolino Livio , Matito Judit , Vivancos Ana , Chicote Irene , Palmer Héctor G. , Tabernero Josep , Scaltriti Maurizio , Baselga José , Serra Violeta 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurpose: PI3K pathway activation occurs in concomitance with RAS/BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer, limiting the sensitivity to targeted therapies. Several clinical studies are being conducted to test the tolerability and clinical activity of dual MEK and PI3K pathway blockade in solid tumors.Experimental Design: In the present study, we explored the efficacy of dual pathway blockade in colorectal cancer preclinical models harboring concomitant activation of the ERK and PI3K pathways. Moreover, we investigated if TP53 mutation affects the response to this therapy.Results: Dual MEK and mTORC1/2 blockade resulted in synergistic antiproliferative effects in cell lines bearing alterations in KRAS/BRAF and PIK3CA/PTEN. Although the on-treatment cell-cycle effects were not affected by the TP53 status, a marked proapoptotic response to therapy was observed exclusively in wild-type TP53 colorectal cancer models. We further interrogated two independent panels of KRAS/BRAF- and PIK3CA/PTEN-altered cell line– and patient-derived tumor xenografts for the antitumor response toward this combination of agents. A combination response that resulted in substantial antitumor activity was exclusively observed among the wild-type TP53 models (two out of five, 40%), but there was no such response across the eight mutant TP53 models (0%). Interestingly, within a cohort of 14 patients with colorectal cancer treated with these agents for their metastatic disease, two patients with long-lasting responses (32 weeks) had TP53 wild-type tumors.Conclusions: Our data support that, in wild-type TP53 colorectal cancer cells with ERK and PI3K pathway alterations, MEK blockade results in potent p21 induction, preventing apoptosis to occur. In turn, mTORC1/2 inhibition blocks MEK inhibitor–mediated p21 induction, unleashing apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5499–510. ©2015 AACR.
HSP90 Inhibitor–SN-38 Conjugate Strategy for Targeted Delivery of Topoisomerase I Inhibitor to Tumors
Authors: Proia David A. , Smith Donald L. , Zhang Junyi , Jimenez John-Paul , Sang Jim , Ogawa Luisa Shin , Sequeira Manuel , Acquaviva Jaime , He Suqin , Zhang Chaohua , Khazak Vladimir , Astsaturov Igor , Inoue Takayo , Tatsuta Noriaki , Osman Sami , Bates Richard C. , Chimmanamada Dinesh , Ying Weiwen 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The clinical benefits of chemotherapy are commonly offset by insufficient drug exposures, narrow safety margins, and/or systemic toxicities. Over recent decades, a number of conjugate-based targeting approaches designed to overcome these limitations have been explored. Here, we report on an innovative strategy that utilizes HSP90 inhibitor–drug conjugates (HDC) for directed tumor targeting of chemotherapeutic agents. STA-12-8666 is an HDC that comprises an HSP90 inhibitor fused to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. Mechanistic analyses in vitro established that high-affinity HSP90 binding conferred by the inhibitor backbone could be exploited for conjugate accumulation within tumor cells. In vivo modeling showed that the HSP90 inhibitor moiety was required for selective retention of STA-12-8666, and this enrichment promoted extended release of active SN-38 within the tumor compartment. Indeed, controlled intratumoral payload release by STA-12-8666 contributed to a broad therapeutic window, sustained biomarker activity, and remarkable degree of efficacy and durability of response in multiple cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. Overall, STA-12-8666 has been developed as a unique HDC agent that employs a distinct mechanism of targeted drug delivery to achieve potent and sustained antitumor effects. These findings identify STA-12-8666 as a promising new candidate for evaluation as novel anticancer therapeutic. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(11); 2422–32. ©2015 AACR.
Hospital Readmission Rates Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Stroke
Authors: Lahiri Shouri , Navi Babak B. , Mayer Stephan A. , Rosengart Axel , Merkler Alexander E. , Claassen Jan , Kamel Hooman 
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—
Tracheostomy is frequently performed in patients with severe ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Little is known about readmission rates among stroke patients who undergo mechanical ventilation.

Methods—

We used previously validated
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition-Clinical Modification
codes and data on all discharges from nonfederal acute care hospitals in 3 states. We compared readmission rates among mechanically ventilated patients with stroke who were discharged with or without a tracheostomy.

Results—

Among 39 881 patients who underwent mechanical ventilation during the index stroke hospitalization and survived to discharge, 10 690 (26.8%; 95% confidence interval, 26.4%–27.2%) underwent tracheostomy. During a mean follow-up period of 3.4 (±2.0) years, the overall incidence rate of readmissions was 4.25 (95% confidence interval, 4.22–4.28) per 100 patients per 30 days. The rate of any readmissions within 30 days was 26.9% among patients with tracheostomy compared with 22.5% among those without a tracheostomy (absolute risk difference, 4.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.5%–5.4%;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for potentially confounding variables, tracheostomy was associated with a slightly increased readmission rate (incidence rate ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.11).

Conclusions—
Approximately one quarter of mechanically ventilated patients with stroke who survive to discharge are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days. Readmission rates are significantly higher in patients with stroke who undergo tracheostomy, but the difference is not clinically meaningful. Thirty-day readmission rates among mechanically ventilated patients with stroke are similar to Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with major medical diseases such as pneumonia.
A Musicology of Performance
Authors: Fabian Dorottya 
Published: August 2015

This book examines the nature of musical performance. In it, Dorottya Fabian explores the contributions and limitations of some of these approaches to performance, be they theoretical, cultural, historical, perceptual, or analytical. Through a detailed investigation of recent recordings of J. S. Bach’s Six Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, she demonstrates that music performance functions as a complex dynamical system. Only by crossing disciplinary boundaries, therefore, can we put the aural experience into words. A Musicology of Performance provides a model for such a method by adopting Deleuzian concepts and various empirical and interdisciplinary procedures.
Fabian provides a case study in the repertoire, while presenting new insights into the state of baroque performance practice at the turn of the twenty-first century. Through its wealth of audio examples, tables, and graphs, the book offers both a sensory and a scholarly account of musical performance. These interactive elements map the connections between historically informed and mainstream performance styles, considering them in relation to broader cultural trends, violin schools, and individual artistic trajectories.
A Musicology of Performance is a must read for academics and post-graduate students and an essential reference point for the study of music performance, the early music movement, and Bach’s opus.
Linking the Anomaly Initialization Approach to the Mapping Paradigm: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Weber Robin J. T. , Carrassi Alberto , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Seasonal-to-decadal predictions are initialized using observations of the present climatic state in full field initialization (FFI). Such model integrations undergo a drift toward the model attractor due to model deficiencies that incur a bias in the model. The anomaly initialization (AI) approach reduces the drift by adding an estimate of the bias onto the observations at the expense of a larger initial error.
In this study FFI is associated with the fidelity paradigm, and AI is associated with an instance of the mapping paradigm, in which the initial conditions are mapped onto the imperfect model attractor by adding a fixed error term; the mapped state on the model attractor should correspond to the nature state. Two diagnosis tools assess how well AI conforms to its own paradigm under various circumstances of model error: the degree of approximation of the model attractor is measured by calculating the overlap of the AI initial conditions PDF with the model PDF; and the sensitivity to random error in the initial conditions reveals how well the selected initial conditions on the model attractor correspond to the nature states. As a useful reference, the initial conditions of FFI are subjected to the same analysis.
Conducting hindcast experiments using a hierarchy of low-order coupled climate models, it is shown that the initial conditions generated using AI approximate the model attractor only under certain conditions: differences in higher-than-first-order moments between the model and nature PDFs must be negligible. Where such conditions fail, FFI is likely to perform better.
Autophagic vesicles on mature human reticulocytes explain phosphatidylserine-positive red cells in sickle cell disease
Authors: Mankelow Tosti J. , Griffiths Rebecca E. , Trompeter Sara , Flatt Joanna F. , Cogan Nicola M. , Massey Edwin J. , Anstee David J. 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
Reticulocyte maturation involves the release of intact, inside-out autophagic vesicles with PS exposed on their surface. Elevated levels of autophagic vesicles on circulating reticulocytes cause PS exposure in patients with SCD.
How I treat high-risk myeloma
Authors: Lonial Sagar , Boise Lawrence H. , Kaufman Jonathan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The treatment of patients with myeloma has dramatically changed over the past decade due in part to the development of new agents and myeloma-specific targets. Despite these advancements, a group for whom the long-term benefit remains less clear are patients with genetically or clinically defined high-risk myeloma. In order to successfully treat these patients, it is important to first identify these patients, treat them with aggressive combination therapy, and employ the use of aggressive long-term maintenance therapy. Future directions include the use of new immune-based treatments (antibodies or cellular-based therapies) as well as target-driven approaches. Until these treatment approaches are better defined, this review will provide a potential treatment approach for standard- and high-risk myeloma that can be followed using agents and strategies that are currently available with the goal of improving progression-free and overall survival for these patients today.
A performance analysis on packet scheduling schemes based on an exponential rule for real-time traffic in LTE
Authors: Ang Ee Mae , Wee KuokKwee , Pang Ying Han , Phang Keat Keong 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) was implemented to fulfill and satisfy users’ needs as well as their demands for an improvised, fast and efficient Quality of service (QoS). A minimal aggregate of waiting time in return would give users a better Quality of experience (QoE). Real-time service packet scheduling is an important process in allocating resources to users. An efficient packet scheduling scheme will be able to cater fairly and efficiently to its users in the LTE network. Hence, studies are performed focusing on real-time traffic which includes video as well as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) transmissions. In this work, the existing exponential rule (EXP rule) is utilized to benchmark our proposed packet scheduling techniques so that we are able to further evaluate the scheduling performance. In response to the increasing likelihood of losing packets in the EXP rule’s algorithm and maximizing the throughput rate, several schemes have been experimented with. The proposed schemes include 1) simplified EXP rule (sEXP Rule), 2) modified EXP rule (mEXP Rule), 3) EXP rule with maximum throughput (MT) (EXP_MT Rule), and 4) enhanced EXP rule with MT (E2M). By adding MT as a weight to the EXP rule, the throughput is maximized, thus providing higher throughput rates for real-time and non-real-time traffic. The simulation results show that the sEXP rule has a better performance in throughput, packet loss rate (PLR), and spectral efficiency for video traffic. Aside from this, our proposed E2M rule performs better than the benchmark EXP rule and outperforms the other proposed schemes, as well. It is observed that the E2M rule has better QoS support for real-time transmission in terms of delay, packet loss, throughput and spectral efficiency, within the LTE network. Hence, our proposed E2M rule is an enhancement of the benchmark EXP rule, which is commonly used in LTE packet scheduling.
Modified Picard-Mann hybrid iteration process for total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Thakur Balwant Singh , Thakur Dipti , Postolache Mihai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, using the modified hybrid Picard-Mann iteration process, we establish Δ-convergence and strong convergence theorems for total asymptotically nonexpansive mappings on a $CAT(0)$
C
A
T
(
0
)
space. Results established in the paper extend and improve a number of results in the literature. A numerical example is also given to examine the fastness of the proposed iteration process under different control conditions and initial points.