bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles by ultrafine bubbles and ultrasound without capping and reducing agents
Authors: Yasuda Keiji , Iwata Takuya , Mizuno Yuki , Yamamoto Yuta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper, for the first time, reports on the synthesis of Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles in the absence of any capping and reducing agents by ultrafine bubbles and ultrasound. The mean diameter of the bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles was controlled by the ultrafine bubble concentration during the synthesis. Pd’s shell thickness also varied with the concentration of Pd(II) ions. These Au@Pd core–shell nanoparticles showed excellent catalytic performance due to the pure surface without any capping and reducing agents.
Microbiota and the volatile profile of avian nests are associated with each other and with the intensity of parasitism
Authors: Mazorra-Alonso Mónica , Peralta-Sánchez Juan Manuel , Heeb Philipp , Jacob Staffan , Martin-Vivaldi Manuel , Martínez-Bueno Manuel , Núñez-Gómez Rafael , Sacristán-Soriano Oriol , Soler Juan José 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bacteria have been suggested as being partially responsible for avian nest odours and, thus, volatiles from their metabolism could influence the intensity of selection pressures due to parasites detecting olfactory cues of their hosts. Here, we tested this hypothesis by exploring intraspecific and interspecific variability in microbial environments, volatile profiles and intensity of ectoparasitism by Carnus hemapterus in the nests of 10 avian species. As expected, we found that (i) alpha and beta diversity of microbial and volatile profiles were associated with each other. Moreover, (ii) alpha diversity of bacteria and volatiles of the nest environment, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was associated with the intensity of parasitism at early and late stages of the nestling period. Finally, (iii) alpha diversity of the nest microbiota, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was correlated with fledging success. When considering them together, the results support the expected links between the microbial environment and nest odours in different bird species, and between the microbial environment and both ectoparasitism intensity and fledging success. Relative abundances of particular volatiles and bacteria predicted ectoparasitism and/or fledging success. Future research should prioritise experimental approaches directed to determine the role of bacteria and volatiles in the outcomes of host–ectoparasite interactions.
Accurate genotype imputation from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data of rainbow trout
Authors: Liu Sixin , Martin Kyle E , Snelling Warren M , Long Roseanna , Leeds Timothy D , Vallejo Roger L , Wiens Gregory D , Palti Yniv 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the rapid and significant cost reduction of next-generation sequencing, low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lcWGS), followed by genotype imputation, is becoming a cost-effective alternative to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array genotyping. The objectives of this study were 2-fold: (1) construct a haplotype reference panel for genotype imputation from lcWGS data in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); and (2) evaluate the concordance between imputed genotypes and SNP-array genotypes in 2 breeding populations. Medium-coverage (12×) whole-genome sequences were obtained from a total of 410 fish representing 5 breeding populations with various spawning dates. The short-read sequences were mapped to the rainbow trout reference genome, and genetic variants were identified using GATK. After data filtering, 20,434,612 biallelic SNPs were retained. The reference panel was phased with SHAPEIT5 and was used as a reference to impute genotypes from lcWGS data employing GLIMPSE2. A total of 90 fish from the Troutlodge November breeding population were sequenced with an average coverage of 1.3×, and these fish were also genotyped with the Axiom 57K rainbow trout SNP array. The concordance between array-based genotypes and imputed genotypes was 99.1%. After downsampling the coverage to 0.5×, 0.2×, and 0.1×, the concordance between array-based genotypes and imputed genotypes was 98.7, 97.8, and 96.7%, respectively. In the USDA odd-year breeding population, the concordance between array-based genotypes and imputed genotypes was 97.8% for 109 fish downsampled to 0.5× coverage. Therefore, the reference haplotype panel reported in this study can be used to accurately impute genotypes from lcWGS data in rainbow trout breeding populations.
How heuristic pricing shapes the aggregate market: the “Cheap Twin Paradox”
Authors: Artinger Florian M , Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How do firms set prices when faced with an uncertain market? We study the pricing strategies of car dealers for used cars using online data and interviews. We find that 97% of 628 dealers employ an aspiration-level heuristic similar to a Dutch auction. Dealers adapt the parameters of the heuristic—initial price, duration, and change in price—to their local market conditions, such as number of competitors, population density, and GDP per capita. At the same time, the aggregate market is described by a model of equilibrium price dispersion. Unlike the equilibrium model, the heuristic correctly predicts systematic pricing characteristics such as high initial price, price stickiness, and the “cheap twin paradox.” We also find first evidence that heuristic pricing can generate higher profits given uncertainty than the equilibrium strategy.
Dietary methionine functions in proliferative zone maintenance and egg production via sams-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hirota Keiko , Yamauchi Rieko , Miyata Mai , Kojima Mariko , Kako Koichiro , Fukamizu Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The maintenance of germ cells is critical for the prosperity of offspring. The amount of food consumption is known to be closely related to reproduction, i.e. the number of eggs decreases under calorie-restricted conditions in various organisms. Previous studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have reported that calorie restriction reduces the number of eggs and the reduction can be rescued by methionine. However, the effect of methionine on the reproductive process has not been fully understood. In this study, to assess the gonadal function of methionine metabolism, we firstly demonstrated that a depletion in dietary methionine resulted in reduced levels of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl homocysteine in wild-type N2, but not in glp-1 mutants, which possess only a few germ cells. Second, we found no recovery in egg numbers upon methionine administration in SAM synthase (sams)-1 mutants. Furthermore, a reduced number of proliferative zone nuclei exhibited in the sams-1 mutants was not rescued via methionine. Thus, our results have shown that dietary methionine is required for the normal establishment of both the germline progenitor pool and fecundity, mediated by sams-1.
Opportunities to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults With Acute Sinusitis, United States, 2016–2020
Authors: Vazquez Deida Axel A , Bizune Destani J , Kim Christine , Sahrmann John M , Sanchez Guillermo V , Hersh Adam L , Butler Anne M , Hicks Lauri A , Kabbani Sarah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBetter understanding differences associated with antibiotic prescribing for acute sinusitis can help inform antibiotic stewardship strategies. We characterized antibiotic prescribing patterns for acute sinusitis among commercially insured adults and explored differences by patient- and prescriber-level factors.MethodsOutpatient encounters among adults aged 18 to 64 years diagnosed with sinusitis between 2016 and 2020 were identified by national administrative claims data. We classified antibiotic agents—first-line (amoxicillin-clavulanate or amoxicillin) and second-line (doxycycline, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin)—and ≤7-day durations as guideline concordant based on clinical practice guidelines. Modified Poisson regression was used to examine the association between patient- and prescriber-level factors and guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing.ResultsAmong 4 689 850 sinusitis encounters, 53% resulted in a guideline-concordant agent, 30% in a guideline-discordant agent, and 17% in no antibiotic prescription. About 75% of first-line agents and 63% of second-line agents were prescribed for &gt;7 days, exceeding the length of therapy recommended by clinical guidelines. Adults with sinusitis living in a rural area were less likely to receive a prescription with guideline-concordant antibiotic selection (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.92; 95% CI, .92–.92) and duration (aRR, 0.77; 95% CI, .76–.77). When compared with encounters in an office setting, urgent care encounters were less likely to result in a prescription with a guideline-concordant duration (aRR, 0.76; 95% CI, .75–.76).ConclusionsOpportunities still exist to optimize antibiotic agent selection and treatment duration for adults with acute sinusitis, especially in rural areas and urgent care settings. Recognizing specific patient- and prescriber-level factors associated with antibiotic prescribing can help inform antibiotic stewardship interventions.
Dry Swabs and Dried Saliva as Alternative Samples for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Remote Areas in Lao PDR
Authors: Sibounheuang Bountoy , Boutthasavong Latsaniphone , Chommanam Danoy , Phommasone Koukeo , Panapruksachat Siribun , Praphasiri Viladeth , Bouttavong Sengvong , Sisavath Hongkham , Christy Nathaniel C V , Letizia Andrew G , Mayxay Mayfong , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Ashley Elizabeth A , Dubot-Pérès Audrey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 circulation is mainly based on real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, which requires laboratory facilities and cold chain for sample transportation. This is difficult to achieve in remote rural areas of resource-limited settings. The use of dried blood spots shipped at room temperature has shown good efficiency for the detection of arboviral RNA. Using a similar approach, we conducted a study at 3 provincial hospitals in Laos to compare the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from neat and dried spot samples.

Methods
Between January 2022 and March 2023, patients with respiratory symptoms were recruited. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs in virus transport medium (VTM), dry swabs, saliva, and dried saliva spotted on filter paper were collected. All samples were tested by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.

Results
In total, 479 participants were included. The VTM samples tested positive for 288 (60.1%). High positive percent agreements were observed for dry swab (84.8%; 95% CI, 80.2%–88.8%) and saliva (89.2%; 95% CI, 85.1%–92.6%) as compared with VTM. There was a loss of sensitivity when saliva was dried on filter paper (73.6%; 95% CI, 68.1%–78.6%) as compared with saliva. SARS-CoV-2 variant (Delta or Omicron) had no significant impact on the performance of the different sample types.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that dry swabs could be a good alternative for sample collection and permit easy shipping at ambient temperature for subsequent viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA purification and molecular investigation. This is a useful tool to consider for a rapid implementation of large-scale surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in remote areas, which could be extrapolated to other respiratory targets during routine surveillance or in the case of a novel emerging pandemic.
The Dynamics of Abusive Relationships
Authors: Adams Abi , Huttunen Kristiina , Nix Emily , Zhang Ning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Domestic abuse encompasses a range of damaging behaviors beyond physical violence, including economic and emotional abuse. We analyze the impact of cohabiting with an abusive partner on victims’ economic outcomes. In so doing, we highlight the systematic role of economic suppression in such relationships. Using Finnish administrative data and a matched-control event-study design, along with a within-individual comparison of outcomes across relationships, we document three new facts. First, women who begin relationships with (eventually) physically abusive men suffer large and significant earnings and employment falls immediately upon cohabiting with the abusive partner. Second, the decline in economic outcomes is non-monotonic in women’s pre-cohabitation outside options. Third, men who are violent against women in any capacity impose economic costs on all their female partners, even those who do not report physical violence. To rationalize these findings, we develop a new dynamic model of abusive relationships where women do not perfectly observe their partner’s type, and abusive men have an incentive to use economic suppression to sabotage women’s outside options and their ability to later exit the relationship.
LEP inhibits intramuscular adipogenesis through the AMPK signaling pathway in vitro
Authors: Yu Shengchen , Yu Hengwei , Wang Jianfang , Liu Haibing , Guo Juntao , Wang Sihu , Mei Chugang , Zan Linsen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLeptin can indirectly regulate fatty‐acid metabolism and synthesis in muscle in vivo and directly in incubated muscle ex vivo. In addition, non‐synonymous mutations in the bovine leptin gene (LEP) are associated with carcass intramuscular fat (IMF) content. However, the effects of LEP on lipid synthesis of adipocytes have not been clearly studied at the cellular level. Therefore, this study focused on bovine primary intramuscular preadipocytes to investigate the effects of LEP on the proliferation and differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes, as well as its regulatory mechanism in lipid synthesis. The results showed that both the LEP and leptin receptor gene (LEPR) were highly expressed in IMF tissues, and their mRNA expression levels were positively correlated at different developmental stages of intramuscular preadipocytes. The overexpression of LEP inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of intramuscular preadipocytes, while interference with LEP had the opposite effect. Additionally, LEP significantly promoted the phosphorylation level of AMPKα by promoting the protein expression of CAMKK2. Meanwhile, rescue experiments showed that the increasing effect of AMPK inhibitors on the number of intramuscular preadipocytes was significantly weakened by the overexpression of LEP. Furthermore, the overexpression of LEP could weaken the promoting effect of AMPK inhibitor on triglyceride content and droplet accumulation, and prevent the upregulation of adipogenic protein expression (SREBF1, FABP4, FASN, and ACCα) caused by AMPK inhibitor. Taken together, LEP acted on the AMPK signaling pathway by regulating the protein expression of CAMKK2, thereby downregulating the expression of proliferation‐related and adipogenic‐related genes and proteins, ultimately reducing intramuscular adipogenesis.
Ag-driven CD8+ T cell clonal expansion is a prominent feature of MASH in humans and mice
Authors: Burtis Abbigayl E.C. , DeNicola Destiny M.C. , Ferguson Megan E. , Santos Radleigh G. , Pinilla Clemencia , Kriss Michael S. , Orlicky David J. , Tamburini Beth A. Jirón , Gillen Austin E. , Burchill Matthew A. 
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:
Chronic liver disease due to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a rapidly increasing global epidemic. MASH progression is a consequence of the complex interplay between inflammatory insults and dysregulated hepatic immune responses. T lymphocytes have been shown to accumulate in the liver during MASH, but the cause and consequence of T cell accumulation in the liver remain unclear. Our study aimed to define the phenotype and T cell receptor diversity of T cells from human cirrhotic livers and an animal model of MASH to begin resolving their function in disease.

Approach and Results:
In these studies, we evaluated differences in T cell phenotype in the context of liver disease. Accordingly, we isolated liver resident T cell populations from humans with cirrhosis and from mice with diet-induced MASH. Using both 5’ single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry, we defined the phenotype and T cell receptor repertoire of liver resident T cells during health and disease.

Conclusions:
MASH-induced human cirrhosis and diet-induced MASH in mice resulted in the accumulation of activated and clonally expanded T cells in the liver. The clonally expanded T cells in the liver expressed markers of chronic antigenic stimulation, including PD1, TIGIT, and TOX. Overall, this study establishes for the first time that T cells undergo Ag-dependent clonal expansion and functional differentiation during the progression of MASH. These studies could lead to the identification of antigenic targets that drive T cell activation, clonal expansion, and recruitment to the liver during MASH.
Interpretable Machine Learning–Based Risk Score for Predicting Ten-Year Corneal Graft Survival After Penetrating Keratoplasty and Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Asian Eyes
Authors: Ng Yin Ling Clarissa , He Feng , Lang Stephanie , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Cheng Ching-Yu , Arundhati Anshu , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Ang Marcus 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To predict 10-year graft survival after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) using a machine learning (ML)-based interpretable risk score.

Methods:
Singapore Corneal Transplant Registry patients (n = 1687) who underwent DALK (n = 524) or PK (n = 1163) for optical indications (excluding endothelial diseases) were followed up for 10 years. Variable importance scores from random survival forests were used to identify variables associated with graft survival. Parsimonious analysis using nested Cox models selected the top factors. An ML-based clinical score generator (AutoScore) converted identified variables into an interpretable risk score. Predictive performance was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves and time-integrated AUC (iAUC) on an independent testing set.

Results:
Mean recipient age was 51.8 years, 54.1% were male, and majority were Chinese (60.0%). Surgical indications included corneal scar (46.5%), keratoconus (18.3%), and regraft (16.2%). Five-year and ten-year KM survival was 93.4% and 92.3% for DALK, compared with 67.6% and 56.6% for PK (log-rank P < 0.001). Five factors were identified by ML algorithm as predictors of 10-year graft survival: recipient sex, preoperative visual acuity, choice of procedure, surgical indication, and active inflammation. AutoScore stratified participants into low-risk and high-risk groups—with KM survival of 73.6% and 39.0%, respectively (log-rank P < 0.001). ML analysis outperformed traditional Cox regression in predicting graft survival beyond 5 years (iAUC 0.75 vs. 0.69).

Conclusions:
A combination of ML and traditional techniques identified factors associated with graft failure to derive a clinically interpretable risk score to stratify PK and DALK patients—a technique that may be replicated in other corneal transplant programs.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Granted Disability Insurances and Related Costs for Workers With Cancer
Authors: Hyeda Adriano , da Costa Élide Sbardellotto Mariano , Kowalski Sérgio Candido 
Published: July 2024

Objectives
To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disability insurance grants and related costs for workers with cancer.

Methods
This ecological time series study uses the inflection point regression model and the federal government's open-access dataset. We analyze the annual grant and cost rates of cancer-related disability insurance in Brazil (2010–2021).

Results
In 2020, the number of disability insurance grants due to malignant neoplasms decreased by 62.26%, and the total annual cost decreased by 62.94% compared to those in 2019. All illnesses and injuries were reduced by 2.56% and 20.02%, respectively. Between 2010 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed the increasing trend in annual disability insurance granted due to cancer and its associated expenses to a stable trend.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the provision of disability insurance for workers with cancer.
Continuous glucose monitoring among nurse practitioners in primary care: Characteristics associated with prescribing and resources needed to support use
Authors: Hall Tristen L. , Dickinson L. Miriam , Warman Meredith K. , Oser Tamara K. , Oser Sean M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can improve health for people with diabetes but is limited in primary care (PC). Nurse Practitioners (NPs) in PC can improve diabetes management through CGM, but NPs' interest in CGM and support needed are unclear.

Purpose:
We describe behaviors and attitudes related to CGM for diabetes management among NPs in PC.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional web-based survey of NPs practicing in PC settings used descriptive statistics to describe CGM experience and identify resources to support prescribing. We used multivariable regression to explore characteristics predicting prescribing and confidence using CGM for diabetes.

Results:
Nurse practitioners in hospital-owned settings were twice as likely to have prescribed CGM (odds ratio [OR] = 2.320, 95% CI [1.097, 4.903]; p = .002) than private practice; those in academic medical centers were less likely (OR = 0.098, 95% CI [0.012, 0.799]; p = .002). Past prescribing was associated with favorability toward future prescribing (coef. = 0.7284, SE = 0.1255, p < .001) and confidence using CGM to manage diabetes (type 1: coef. = 3.57, SE = 0.51, p < .001; type 2: coef. = 3.49, SE = 0.51, p < .001). Resources to prescribe CGM included consultation with an endocrinologist (62%), educational website (61%), and endocrinological e-consultations (59%).

Conclusions:
Nurse practitioners are open to prescribing CGM and can improve diabetes management and health outcomes for PC patients.

Implications:
Research should explore mechanisms behind associations with CGM experience and attitudes. Efforts to advance CGM should include educational websites and endocrinology consultations for NPs in PC.
Reconstruction of Knowledge and Medical Images in the Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine: Taking “Sweet Meat” as an Example
Authors: GU Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pancreas is neither part of the five Zang organs (五脏) nor the six Fu organs (六腑). Thus, it has received little attention in Chinese medical literature. In the late 19th century, medical missionaries in China started translating and introducing anatomical and physiological knowledge about the pancreas. As for the word pancreas, an early and influential translation was “sweet meat” (甜肉), proposed by Benjamin Hobson (合信). The translation “sweet meat” is not faithful to the original meaning of “pancreas”, but is a term coined by Hobson based on his personal habits, and the word “sweet” appeared by chance. However, in the decades since the term “sweet meat” became popular, Chinese medicine practitioners, such as Tang Zonghai (唐宗海), reinterpreted it by drawing new medical illustrations for “sweet meat” and giving new connotations to the word “sweet”. This discussion and interpretation of “sweet meat” in modern China, particularly among Chinese medicine professionals, is not only a dissemination and interpretation of the knowledge of “pancreas”, but also a construction of knowledge around the term “sweet meat”.