bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side effects of insecticides used in soybean and corn for the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: Exteckoetter Vanessa , Oliveira Júlia Assunção Castro , de Figueiredo Karolina Gomes , Bueno Adeney Freitas , Carvalho Geraldo Andrade 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybean crops. Its control is carried out through insecticide applications that often cause biological imbalances with population reduction of natural enemies. One of the natural enemy species associated with this noctuid is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. The insecticides were sprayed on eggs of S. frugiperda containing T. remus in its immature phase (egg-larva period and pupal stage) and adult stage. The design used was completely randomized. The number of surviving insects, parasitized eggs, emerged parasitoids, and males and females were evaluated. The insecticide chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism and emergence of insects in the F1 generation by 100% when applied to eggs of S. frugiperda containing T. remus during the egg-larva period and pupal stage, being classified as harmful according to the toxicological classification of IOBC. The other insecticides were selective for the parasitoid in its immature phase. The insecticides spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F0) of the parasitoid exposed to residues of the insecticides on contaminated surfaces. Due to the low toxicity of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, and indoxacarb to T. remus in its immature phase, and the insecticides indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole to the adult stage, these insecticides should be prioritized in integrated management programs for S. frugiperda.
Financial Well-being of Rural Households: A Theoretical Framework and Application
Authors: Dong Zekuan , McKendree Melissa G. S. , Lupi Frank 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The complexity of people's subjective consciousness has led some economists to rethink how to measure financial well-being (FWB). Historically, only financial measures were considered, however, now subjective well-being measures, which take individuals' feelings and perceptions into account, are being incorporated. This paper proposes an innovative framework for studying farmers’ FWB and applies it to U.S. beef producers. The conceptual framework we build consists of two sections: the determinants and measurements of rural households’ FWB. In the determinants section, our framework analyzes the determinants on rural households through micro, meso, and macro levels, as well as their impacts on household or farm aspects. For the measurement section, besides financial ratios to measure objective FWB, we construct a survey to measure subjective FWB. Furthermore, a visualization evaluation figure is provided to present the measurement results. We then apply our framework to cattle grazing households in the U.S. This application illustrates our framework, shows its advantages, and examines the effects of some determinants on FWB.
JEL Codes: I31, Q12, G50
A Novel CaCO 3 /LPE/CA for Cultivating Pyropia haitanensis Conchocelis
Authors: Wu Qiming , Xiang Jionghua , Xu Kai , Liu Qun , Nie Yusen , Weng Wuyin , Zhang Yucang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

At present, shells have been used to cultivate Pyropia haitanensis (P. haitanensis) conchocelis. To develop a more convenient substrate for P. haitanensis conchocelis cultivation, a novel P. haitanensis conchocelis culture substrate (CaCO3/LPE/CA) was developed from calcite, low-density polyethylene, and calcium alginate. The mechanical properties and stability of CaCO3/LPE/CA, including implanting density (ID) and Yield per unit area, were tested. The results showed that the CaCO3/LPE/CA met practical P. haitanensis conchocelis cultivation application requirements. P. haitanensis was successfully cultured on CaCO3/LPE/CA, and its life cycle was observed through biomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After conchospores were succrssfully reseased from P. haitanensis conchosporangial branch, the movement and germination of conchospores were also observed.The yield of conchospores per unit area of optimized CaCO3/LPE/CA reached 369.6 × 103 conchospores/cm2, making it a suitable candidate for P. haitanensis conchocelis culture cultivation. Overall, CaCO3/LPE/CA exhibits great potential as a marine bioactive material, and the process and cost of P. haitanensis culture cultivation could be simplified due to its comprehensive characteristics.
Dynamics of Governance Structure and Stock market performance
Authors: Fatima Aabroo , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper has aimed to identify the intricate relationships between governance structures, organizational performance stock market. We have utilized data from 80 countries over the period from 1990 to 2021, the study employs dynamic panel data models and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address time dynamics and endogeneity issues. The findings reveal significant correlations between internal governance mechanisms, such as the Business Disclosure Index and the Shareholder Suits Index, and stock market returns. Moreover, external governance factors like control of corruption, political stability, and rule of law are found to positively impact stock market performance. The study underscores the importance of robust disclosure policies and governance standards in fostering market efficiency and investor confidence. These insights are crucial for policymakers and market regulators aiming to enhance financial market stability and economic growth.
Jel Codes: G30; E44; L22; L25
Depositional Environment to Reservoir Quality Assessment Through Well Log and Sedimentological Analysis of Lower Goru Formation
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Hanming Gu , Ullah Jar , Rehman Naveed , Abdalla Rifaat M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study conducts an extensive sedimentological analysis of the Lower Goru Formation, focusing on core analysis and well log data. The research utilizes data from the Kadanwari well located in middle Indus Basin of Pakistan. The objective is to deduce the depositional environment of the Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation and reservoir quality assessment. Through this analysis, nine distinct lithofacies have been delineated: Massive Sandstone, Bioturbated Sandstone, Parallel Laminated Sandstone, Cross Laminated Sandstone, Massive Mudstone, Sandstone and Mudstone Intercalations, shaly sandstone, Brecciated Sandstone, and shale. These identified lithofacies are categorized into three main facies associations: foreshore, shoreface, and offshore. The findings point towards a depositional setting that transitions from fluvial, to tidal, to deltaic front, and finally to a shallow marine environment. Petrographic examination classifies the Goru Sandstone as primarily subfeldsarenite to sublithicarenite, predominantly laid down in a transitional recycled orogenic setting. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) along with EDS assessments of porosity and permeability indicate favorable reservoir qualities. The study concludes that the basal sand units possess superior reservoir properties in comparison to the upper massive sandstone layers.
The control method of a quadrotor driven by bidirectional electronic speed controllers
Authors: Xu Lihao , Cai Zhiduan , Wang Yuling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a dynamic quadrotor unmanned aircraft vehicle driven by bidirectional electronic speed controllers is proposed to enhance maneuverability. Bidirectional electronic speed controllers are applied to achieve rapid deceleration or the inversion of motors during flight, thus compensating the maneuverability defects of underactuated system. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are applied to attain control stability. And an exclusive control allocation matrix with direction symbols to match with bidirectional electronic speed controllers is proposed to achieve the mapping from thrust and torque to motor speed. Simulations are conducted, and it is demonstrated that the quadrotor with bidirectional electronic speed controllers attains rapidity and accuracy in attitude and position tracking.
Space solar power generation: a viable system proposal
and technoeconomic analysis
Authors: Mizrahi Oren , Jahelka Phillip , Gdoutos Eleftherios , Brunet Jesse , Ayling Alex , Fikes Austin , Wu Ailec , Madonna Richard , Atwater Harry , Pellegrino Sergio , Hajimiri Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a distributed space solar power generation and transmission system that converts solar insolation into microwave power and beams it to Earth. This system, composed of a power station of large, close-flying modules residing in Geostationary Orbit, can form dynamically programmable focal points on Earth to provide dispatchable power on demand. Modules are composed of flexible phased array sheets hosting a self-synchronizing network of integrated circuits and antennas which convert DC power from photovoltaic cells into radiated RF energy. The sheets are coiled into a compact payload, launched, and deployed in orbit. Presented herein is a detailed technoeconomic analysis of the proposed system, with investigations into such areas as mass, cost to produce and launch, and a levelized cost of energy (LCOE). This analysis demonstrates that the proposed 10GHz system can generate dispatchable power on the ground at 6.641c/kWh---competitive with the cheapest clean energy sources available today.
An axiomatic production model for circular directional indirect network technologies with undesirable output production and relational NDEA models
Authors: Pinto Claudio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the production economics, the behavior’s assumptions on the production’s unit with production of final undesirable output can be very numerous. For example, it is possible to assume the simple maximization of revenues as well as assuming maximization of revenues net of costs generated by undesirable outputs. Alternatively, it is possible to assume simple minimizing costs or assuming minimizing costs added by those generated by undesirable outputs. Yet, it is possible to assume simple maximizing profits or assuming maximizing profits net of costs generated by undesirable outputs. As well as it is possible to assume the simple minimization of inputs, or minimization of undesirable outputs or the maximization of desirable final outputs as well as their combinations. Therefore, we will have many ways to build an optimization models. The behavior’s assumptions can be technologically and economically constrained. Among these latter, budgetary constraints and revenue targets are the more common. However, models may also take into account other types of constraints, such as those that model the laws of governing the production of undesirable outputs and/or those that model their relationships with other outputs and inputs (as is the case with the constraint of material balance). In addition models can have constraints on the circularity of a subset of outputs (intermediate or final), or constraints on free availability or not of a subset of intermediate outputs and inputs and so on. In this paper, we will present an axiomatic production model for an interconnected linear DEA technology with final reversed outputs (mainly undesirable) subject to three different types of economic constraints. Then we will build optimization models exploiting the network data envelopment analysis approach. One solved the NDEA models we will use the optimal solutions for the calculation of economic quantities such as shadow price of undesirable output. To build our NDEA models we will exploit the duality relationship between indirect technological set, indirect directional distance functions and indirect profit functions.
Discovery and Quantification of Long-Range RNA Base Pairs in Coronavirus Genomes with SEARCH-MaP and SEISMIC-RNA
Authors: Rouskin Silvi , Allan Matthew , Aruda Justin , Plung Jesse , Grote Scott , Martin Yves , de Lajarte Albéric , Bathe Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

RNA molecules perform a diversity of essential functions for which their linear sequences must fold into higher-order structures. Techniques including crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy have revealed 3D structures of ribosomal, transfer, and other well-structured RNAs; while chemical probing with sequencing facilitates secondary structure modeling of any RNAs of interest, even within cells. Ongoing efforts continue increasing the accuracy, resolution, and ability to distinguish coexisting alternative structures. However, no method can discover and quantify alternative structures with base pairs spanning arbitrarily long distances – an obstacle for studying viral, messenger, and long noncoding RNAs, which may form long-range base pairs.

Here, we introduce the method of Structure Ensemble Ablation by Reverse Complement Hybridization with Mutational Profiling (SEARCH-MaP) and software for Structure Ensemble Inference by Sequencing, Mutation Identification, and Clustering of RNA (SEISMIC-RNA). We use SEARCH-MaP and SEISMIC-RNA to discover that the frameshift stimulating element of SARS coronavirus 2 base-pairs with another element 1 kilobase downstream in nearly half of RNA molecules, and that this structure competes with a pseudoknot that stimulates ribosomal frameshifting. Moreover, we identify long-range base pairs involving the frameshift stimulating element in other coronaviruses including SARS coronavirus 1 and transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and model the full genomic secondary structure of the latter. These findings suggest that long-range base pairs are common in coronaviruses and may regulate ribosomal frameshifting, which is essential for viral RNA synthesis. We anticipate that SEARCH-MaP will enable solving many RNA structure ensembles that have eluded characterization, thereby enhancing our general understanding of RNA structures and their functions. SEISMIC-RNA, software for analyzing mutational profiling data at any scale, could power future studies on RNA structure and is available on GitHub and the Python Package Index.
Effects of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) biofertilizer on soil nitrogen mineralization in soils collected from Hawassa Zuria and Wondo Genet Districts Incubated under laboratory conditions
Authors: Alemayehu Habtamu , Haile Wassie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Knowledge of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization in response to different amendments is crucial for improving the efficiency of N use and improving crop productivity. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Azolla pinnata biofertilizer on soil N mineralization under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out in the soil laboratory of the College of Agriculture at Hawassa University. Soil samples were collected from the Hawassa Zuria and Wondo Genet districts and then incubated for 56 days at a room temperature of 25°C. Four levels of Azolla pinnata biofertilizer (0, 15, 30, and 45 g kg− 1) and eight incubation periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 49, and 56 days) were arranged in a factorial order and laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The total available NH4+-N and NO3−-N were determined every seventh day following standard laboratory methods. The results of this study revealed highly significant interactions (P < 0.01) between the effects of the Azolla biofertilizer concentration and the incubation period under laboratory conditions on the total mineralized N, NH4+ and NO3−. The maximum mineralization of N occurred after 42 days of incubation with 45 g kg− 1 Azolla pinnata biofertilizer in soils from both locations (Hawassa Zuria and Wondo Genet). The highest total mineralized N was recorded after 42 days of incubation (39.88 and 48.57 mg kg− 1 soil, respectively). However, the lowest total mineral N content was obtained from the control group. Nitrogen mineralization varied significantly between treatments (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). Using Azolla pinnata as a biofertilizer significantly increased the mineralization rate of N in the soil, potentially reducing the need for inorganic N fertilizer. By studying Azolla pinnata biofertilizers, researchers can estimate mineralization during incubation, crop nutrient availability, and optimal timing. Field research is necessary to validate these laboratory findings and provide sound recommendations.
A multi attribute decision making framework based on partitioned dual Maclaurin symmetric mean operators under Fermatean fuzzy environment
Authors: Roy Susmita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In information aggregation, a typical averaging mean called the partitioned dual Maclaurin symmetric mean (PDMSM) operator has drawn a lot of interest. All attributes are categorized into many partitions as a precondition for PDMSM, and attributes inside a partition are pertinent to other characteristics within the same group, whereas attributes situated in various groups are unrelated. On the other hand, no research on the partitioned dual MSM operator under Fermatean fuzzy set has yet been published. To bridge this gap, this study develops the FFPDMSM and FFWPDMSM operators with respect to FFNs and proposes a multi attribute decision making (MADM) framework employing PDMSM operator in Fermatean fuzzy environment. In the interim, a few theorems, properties and specific instances of the FFPDMSM and FFWPDMSM operators of FFNs have been examined. Lastly, a realistic numerical illustration is demonstrated to validate the proposed approach and to carry the sensitivity and comparative analysis.
A bibliometric analysis of agroecological practices: trends, impacts, and future directions
Authors: Chimi Pierre Marie , Fobane Jean Louis , Onguene Ecclésiaste Marien Ambombo , Nkoué Baruch Batamack , Kamdem Michele Elodie Kouoguem , Pokam Eusebe Ydelphonse Nyonce , Djoumbi Bienvenu Léonnel Tchonang , Yonga Guillaine , Dikoume Angele Marie Ngon , Abdel Karimou Ngamsou , Mala Armand William 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Agroecological practices play a vital role in sustainable agriculture. They enhance biodiversity, improve soil health, and reduce reliance on chemical inputs, all while bolstering resilience to climate change. By promoting diverse cropping systems and engaging local communities, agroecology ensures economic viability while adapting to specific ecological contexts. This comprehensive bibliometric study, spanning from 1981 to 2024, delves into the scientific landscape of agroecological practices within the context of sustainable agriculture. It scrutinizes influential works, emerging trends, and key themes across 376 publications. Employing bibliometric techniques like co-word map analysis and network visualization, the study uncovers clusters of research topics - ranging from adoption and application to sustainable agriculture and review. Notably, it reveals the interconnectedness of concepts related to agroecology, shedding light on essential areas of interest. Furthermore, the study traces the evolution of research interests over time and identifies promising avenues for future exploration. Policymakers can leverage this insightful map to inform strategic decisions and foster collaborative efforts in agroecological research.
Gamificação no Ensino de Matemática: análise das contribuições do Recurso Educacional Digital 'Ilha das Operações' para a aprendizagem
Authors: Ferreira Dayany Barros , Souza Danilo do Carmo de , Castro Filho José Aires , Castro Juscileide Braga de 
Published: August 2024

A utilização de Recursos Educacionais Digitais (RED) gamificados é uma oportunidade promissora para envolver os alunos em desafios lúdicos e favorecer o aprendizado em Matemática. Este estudo objetiva apresentar a utilização do Recurso Educacional Digital (RED) “Ilha das operações: em busca das pedras Somartius e Subtratius” por uma professora e 4 estudantes do 1⁠º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública. A pesquisa, com abordagem qualitativa, é resultado de uma formação com professores da rede pública municipal de Fortaleza. Os resultados demonstraram que o RED permitiu que os alunos explorassem as operações de adição e subtração de forma lúdica e estimulante. Embora a falta de áudio tenha sido um desafio para os alunos mais jovens, a base formativa da professora e o suporte técnico garantiram o alcance da aprendizagem. O estudo destaca a importância da gamificação e da adaptação de abordagens pedagógicas, bem como sublinha o papel crucial da formação docente na utilização de tecnologias digitais. A pesquisa contribui para um ensino que promova o aprendizado ativo dos alunos em Matemática.
Integrated water operations under climate change: Uluova Micro Basin example
Authors: Şekerci Kürşat , Tuna Muhammed Cihat , Dogan Mustafa Sahin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of climate change on the Uluova Micro Basin, Turkey, employing an optimization model named ULUHEM across various water management and climate scenarios. With ULUHEM, the effects of different climate impact scenarios on agricultural water allocations, pumping costs, water scarcity, and scarcity costs were analyzed. The primary objective of this study is to identify gaps in demand within the current water supply infrastructure due to global warming and to develop adaptation strategies for basinwide water management operations. The research also emphasizes the importance of creating a basin-based hydroeconomic model that includes other surface water resources with a sustainable management approach to address the impact of climate change. In summary, the impacts of climate change on surface waters and groundwater in the Uluova Micro Basin include changes in water availability, water scarcity, and associated costs, and these have implications for agricultural water allocations and overall water management in the region. The study found that drier climate periods lead to reduced surface and groundwater input to farmland, resulting in increased water scarcity and scarcity costs. Conversely, periods characterized by wetter climates yield contrasting outcomes, alleviating water scarcity and its corresponding costs.
Assessment of the effect of climate change on the yields and water footprint of crops in arid area
Authors: Niromand fard Fariba , Khashei Siuki Abbas , Hashemi Seyed Reza , Ghorbani Khalil 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Investigating the actual amount of water used by agricultural crop yield is very important. This research evaluates the impact of climate change on water demand, yields, and green and blue water footprint of barberry and jujube plants under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The results show that the amount of precipitation in the future under three scenarios varies from −13.08 to 5.13 mm during the future period. It shows maximum temperature changes from 1.07 to 1.25 °C and minimum temperature changes from 1.15 to 1.54 °C. The maximum and minimum temperatures under all three scenarios have an increasing trend compared to the base period. The results show that the values of water requirement, blue water footprint, green water footprint, total water footprint, and finally the relative values of both crop yields increase in all three scenarios in the future period (2022–2038) compared to the base period (2021–2005). Furthermore, according to the three proposed scenarios, the water footprint of the barberry crop in the future is estimated to be 98.74% blue water and 1.24% green water. The jujube crop's water footprint consists of 98.81% blue water and 1.20% green water.