bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neck metastases in oropharyngeal cancer: Necessity and extent of bilateral treatment
Authors: Dziegielewski Peter T. , O'Connell Daniel A. , Szudek Jacek , Barber Brittany , Joshi Arjun , Harris Jeffrey R. , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundBilateral neck treatment in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is controversial. This study determined the rate of bilateral neck metastases in OPSCC and formulated a neck treatment algorithrm for OPSCC.MethodsIn all, 212 consecutive patients with OPSCC underwent ipsilateral level I–V and contralateral I–III or I–V neck dissections. Pathology results were used to identify factors predicting bilateral neck metastases.ResultsA total of 171 patients (81%) had ipsilateral and 41 patients (24%) bilateral neck metastases. Multivariate logistic regression found cT4 and ≥cN2a significantly associated with contralateral neck metastases (p < .05). However, tumor site was not predictive (p > .05). High‐risk pathology features predicted contralateral neck disease (p < .05). cN0 and cN1 necks were unlikely to harbor disease in level V (<5%). Both 2‐ and 5‐year contralateral neck recurrence rates were 1% and 2%.ConclusionsBilateral neck disease in OPSCC is more common than once thought. Patients with OPSCC with cT4 or cN2a+ would benefit from bilateral neck treatment. Posttreatment high‐risk features should guide treatment escalation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1461–1467, 2013
Roving revisited, towards an optimum throughfall sampling design
Authors: Ritter Axel , Regalado Carlos M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAdditional aspects regarding the optimum fixed and roving sampling techniques, to those already explored in a previous authors’ throughfall study, are further investigated here. The roving technique consists in the random repositioning, with a frequency fr, of N throughfall gauges among M positions (M > N), oppositely to the fixed or stationary arrangement where N = M. Both fixed and roving optimum sampling techniques of 100 monitored throughfall events sampled with 200 fixed gauges under a semideciduous tropical rain forest in Panama were investigated by means of Monte‐Carlo numerical experiments. Mean dispersion was shown to be always smaller in the roving versus the fixed gauge arrangement, independently of the relocation frequency studied (fr = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1), such that all roving schemes with N ≥ 50 gauges lay within ±5% of the mean cumulative throughfall. Results indicated that a low variability, high precision, and accuracy are obtained with a modest relocation frequency fr = 0.2 (i.e. a relocation every five episodes of the original 100 measured events) and N = 30 roving gauges, with no significant improvement worth the extra field work beyond fr > 0.2 and N >30. Only by increasing the number of roving positions from M < < 200 to M = 200, the precision and accuracy of the mean estimate were improved without comprising additional labour. Hence, a roving sampling scheme which relocates gauges over completely new fresh sites each roving cycle is recommended for future throughfall studies. Finally, we designed an a priori sampling strategy which permitted us to conclude that using only the first 20 out of the total 100 measuring events, for the remaining 80 throughfall field measurements, N = 40 roving gauges (i.e. five time less than the originally 200 gauges displayed) would have been sufficient for ensuring ≤5% error, expressed as percentage of the mean cumulative throughfall. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards improved post‐processing of hydrologic forecast ensembles
Authors: Madadgar Shahrbanou , Moradkhani Hamid , Garen David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractForecast ensembles of hydrological and hydrometeorologial variables are prone to various uncertainties arising from climatology, model structure and parameters, and initial conditions at the forecast date. Post‐processing methods are usually applied to adjust the mean and variance of the ensemble without any knowledge about the uncertainty sources. This study initially addresses the drawbacks of a commonly used statistical technique, quantile mapping (QM), in bias correction of hydrologic forecasts. Then, an auxiliary variable, the failure index (γ), is proposed to estimate the ineffectiveness of the post‐processing method based on the agreement of adjusted forecasts with corresponding observations during an analysis period prior to the forecast date. An alternative post‐processor based on copula functions is then introduced such that marginal distributions of observations and model simulations are combined to create a multivariate joint distribution. A set of 2500 hypothetical forecast ensembles with parametric marginal distributions of simulated and observed variables are post‐processed with both QM and the proposed multivariate post‐processor. Deterministic forecast skills show that the proposed copula‐based post‐processing is more effective than the QM method in improving the forecasts. It is found that the performance of QM is highly correlated with the failure index, unlike the multivariate post‐processor. In probabilistic metrics, the proposed multivariate post‐processor generally outperforms QM. Further evaluation of techniques is conducted for river flow forecast of Sprague River basin in southern Oregon. Results show that the multivariate post‐processor performs better than the QM technique; it reduces the ensemble spread and is a more reliable approach for improving the forecast. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuronal and extraneuronal release of ATP and NAD+ in smooth muscle
Authors: Mutafova‐Yambolieva Violeta N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAdenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are key intracellular constituents involved in energy transfer and redox homeostasis in the cell. ATP is also released in the extracellular space and in the past half century it has been assumed to be the purinergic neurotransmitter in many systems including smooth muscle. In some smooth muscles (i.e., the human urinary bladder detrusor muscle), ATP does appear to be primarily released from nerves upon action potential firings, but in other smooth muscles (i.e., the human large intestine), ATP does not mimic the endogenous purine neurotransmitter. It was recently found that NAD+, another ubiquitous intracellular adenine nucleotide, also follows a regulated release in neurosecretory cells, vascular and visceral smooth muscles, and the brain. In some cases, NAD+ fulfills presynaptic and postsynaptic criteria for a neurotransmitter better than ATP. Therefore, the purine hypothesis of neural regulation in smooth muscle is in need of reevaluation. This article will briefly review the current understanding of neuronal and extraneuronal release of purines in smooth muscle with emphasis on the roles of extracellular ATP and NAD+ and, further, will discuss more recent information about the likely involvement of multiple purines in smooth muscle neurotransmission. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
COMPARING ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF HETEROGENEITY IN CONSUMER CHOICE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Keane Michael , Wasi Nada 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWhen modeling demand for differentiated products, it is vital to adequately capture consumer taste heterogeneity, But there is no clearly preferred approach. Here, we compare the performance of six alternative models. Currently, the most popular are mixed logit (MIXL), particularly the version with normal mixing (N‐MIXL), and latent class (LC), which assumes discrete consumer types. Recently, several alternative models have been developed. The 'generalized multinomial logit' (G‐MNL) extends N‐MIXL by allowing for heterogeneity in the logit scale coefficient. Scale heterogeneity logit (S‐MNL) is a special case of G‐MNL with scale heterogeneity only. The 'mixed‐mixed' logit (MM‐MNL) assumes a discrete mixture‐of‐normals heterogeneity distribution. Finally, one can modify N‐MIXL by imposing theoretical sign constraints on vertical attributes. We call this 'T‐MIXL'. We find that none of these models dominates the others, but G‐MNL, MM‐MNL and T‐MIXL typically outperform the popular N‐MIXL and LC models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delineating breast ductal carcinoma using combined dye‐enhanced wide‐field polarization imaging and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Patel Rakesh , Khan Ashraf , Kamionek Michal , Kandil Dina , Quinlan Robert , Yaroslavsky Anna N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntra‐operative delineation of breast cancer is a challenging problem. We used dye‐enhanced wide‐field polarization imaging for rapid demarcation of en face cancer margins and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for cross‐sectional evaluation. Ductal carcinoma specimens were stained with methylene blue. Wide‐field reflectance images were acquired at 440 and 640 nm. Wide‐field fluorescence images were excited at 640 nm and registered between 660 nm and 750 nm. OCT images were acquired using a 1310 nm swept‐source system. The results were validated against histopathology. Both imaging modalities provided diagnostic information on cancer margins. Combined OCT and wide‐field polarization imaging shows promise for intra‐operative detection of ductal breast carcinoma (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global and local indices for characterizing biomolecular flexibility and rigidity
Authors: Pfleger Christopher , Radestock Sebastian , Schmidt Elena , Gohlke Holger 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnderstanding flexibility and rigidity characteristics of biomolecules is a prerequisite for understanding biomolecular structural stability and function. Computational methods have been implemented that directly characterize biomolecular flexibility and rigidity by constraint network analysis. For deriving maximal advantage from these analyses, their results need to be linked to biologically relevant characteristics of a structure. Such links are provided by global and local measures (“indices”) of biomolecular flexibility and rigidity. To date, more than 14 indices are available with sometimes overlapping or only vague definitions. We present concise definitions of these indices, analyze the relation between, and the scope and limitations of them, and compare their informative value. For this, we probe the structural stability of the calcium binding protein α‐lactalbumin as a showcase, both in the “ground state” and after perturbing the system by changing the network topology. In addition, we introduce three indices for the first time that extend the application domain of flexibility and rigidity analyses. The results allow us to provide guidelines for future studies suggesting which of these indices could best be used for analyzing, understanding, and quantifying structural features that are important for biomolecular stability and function. Finally, we make suggestions for proper index notations in future studies to prevent the misinterpretation and to facilitate the comparison of results obtained from flexibility and rigidity analyses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of oil polarity and material combination on the tribological response of greases formulated with biodegradable oils and bentonite and highly dispersed silica acid
Authors: Fiedler M. , Sanchez R. , Kuhn E. , Franco J. M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTDifferent biodegradable lubricating greases formulated with esters of fatty acids, as base oils, and bentonite and highly dispersed silica acid, as thickener agents, were tribologically investigated in a nanotribometer and compared with polyalpha olefin greases with equal thickeners. Material combinations of steel ball on steel disc and sapphire ball on steel disc were used with different normal loads. Several friction and wear effects were found depending on the thickener and the base oil. The influence of grease components is also different in both material combinations evaluated. On the one hand, the base oil exerts a much higher impact on friction and wear in grease systems thickened with highly dispersed silica acid than in those thickened with bentonite. On the other hand, the latter reacts more sensitively to a change in material combination. Results were discussed and explained on the basis of polarity influences of the base oils and solid surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Mechanical‐Strength Flame‐Retardant Nanocomposites Based on Novel Al(III)‐ and Zr(IV)‐Melamine Phosphates and Sulfates
Authors: Khalil Hazem , Gläsel Hans‐Jürgen , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNanoparticles based on Al(III) and Zr(IV) melamine phosphate and sulfate, respectively, are prepared. Cone calorimeter measurements reveal that compared to an unfilled polyacrylate matrix the polyacrylate‐based nanocomposites containing the novel nanoparticles display significantly improved flame‐retardant properties as evidenced by the corresponding values for the peak heat release rate, the time‐to‐ignition, the values for the peak rate of heat release, the total heat evolved, the time to the CO peak and the CO yield. Concomitantly, the mechanical properties of the acrylate‐based composite coatings, i.e., the Martens and surface hardness, can also be significantly improved. magnified image
Handling material discontinuities in a nonconforming generalized finite element method to solve wave propagation problems
Authors: Facco Werley G. , Silva Elson J. , Adriano Ricardo , Moura Alex S. , Lima Naísses Z. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo solve wave propagation problems over large domains composed by different media, many authors use the generalized finite element method (GFEM) with a geometrically conforming partition and plane wave enrichment.Such analysis is often accomplished by decomposing the entire domain into several subdomains and performing the analysis individually on each one. Then, the global analysis can be realized by using Lagrange multipliers to ensure the interface constraints. In this article, the GFEM with plane wave enrichment is extended to nonconforming discrete cases where the interface between the media can be handled as piecewise linear segments. Results for problems for which the analytical solution is known are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique. The convergence of the method is also presented as a function of the number of plane wave directions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2709–2716, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27166
Two layer LTCC substrate integrated to rectangular waveguide transition and its application for millimeter‐wave LTCC characterization
Authors: Peters Florian D. L. , Denidni Tayeb A. , Tatu Serioja O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this letter, a new practical approach for designing a millimeter‐wave transition at 76.5 GHz from substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) line on two low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) layers to a rectangular waveguide is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first feasible planar solution to couple a top‐layer SIW exclusively. A very small probe is cut in both layers and inserted into a milled clearance in the metallic waveguide. Shrinkage tolerance is addressed in particular in our design procedure. In addition, multiple back‐to‐back transitions are milled into one fixture and applied to obtain the actual LTCC loss tangent and permittivity. The latter undergoes a strong dispersion. Fabricated circuits are optically analyzed and exhibit a higher shrinkage than expected. Simulation and measurement results show good performances in terms of reflection and transmission. With these features, the proposed solution is able to handle electrically large substrates of around 12λg. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2675–2679, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27167
Implementation and performance investigation of radio‐over‐fiber systems in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Lona Daniel G. , Assumpção Raphael M. , Branquinho Omar C. , Abbade Marcelo L.F. , Hernández‐Figueroa H. E. , Sodré Arismar Cerqueira 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report the performance investigation and implementation of four different radio‐over‐fiber (ROF) systems as backhaul for wireless sensor networks based on frequency shift keying modulation at 915 MHz. Its applicability was experimentally verified as a function of packet error rate, received signal strength indicator, and system reach. Furthermore, a performance noise analysis was carried out by taking into account the optical transmitter and receiver parameters, such as: equivalent input noise, noise figure, relative intensity noise, laser wavelength, and output power. The implementation of the proposed technical solution implies in a outstanding enhancement in the system reach, management, and flexibility. It has been achieved an improvement of 17.45 dB in the system performance by using high‐quality pieces of equipment of ROF technology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2669–2675, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27168
Planar magneto‐dielectric metasubstrate for miniaturization of a microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Kim Dongho 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA practically realizable planar‐type magneto‐dielectric metasubstrate to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna is presented. The metasubstrate consists of two twisted metallic striplines, which provides inherently high effective permittivity (εeff) in a low frequency region together with strong magnetic resonance presenting high effective permeability (μeff) in a high frequency range. We suggest using the unusual properties of both high εeff and μeff of the proposed metasubstrate to reduce the overall antenna size, which has been proven to be effective in dropping an antenna resonant frequency to lower than a half of the original resonant frequency. Moreover, we have shown that a fictitious metasubstrate entirely composed of a homogeneous material filled with frequency‐dependent εeff and μeff also provides very similar antenna characteristics that are obtained using the fabricated inhomogeneous metasubstrate consisting of the twisted striplines. Therefore, we could confirm that the proposed metasubstrate indeed works as an effective material with high εeff and μeff just as we intended. Predicted results have shown good agreement with experimental data, which proves the validity of our approach. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2871–2874, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27172
PIFA with optimized ground shape and capacitive feeding for broadband applications
Authors: Bulla G. , Salles A. , Vuong T. P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the ground plane shape of planar inverted F antenna on FR‐4 substrate designed for broadband applications. Novel optimized antennas were presented. A relative bandwidth about 88% was obtained with the optimized antenna. With this procedure the total bandwidth increased more than 2.5 times relatively the total bandwidth of the not optimized antenna. However, the dimensions and the cost did not increase. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2842–2845, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27174
Low‐profile circularly polarized GNSS antenna
Authors: Silva Pimenta M. , Ferrero F. , Staraj R. , Ribero J.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, we present a low‐profile and low cost antenna for GPS (L1–L2–L5), Galileo (E5–E1–E2), and Glonass (G1–G2) standard. This antenna is a dual‐feed planar patch antenna with four slots to achieve dual‐band operation. The radiating element is fed by a wideband 90° quadrature hybrid coupler to obtain circular polarization on the both bands. The quadrature feeding is achieved using a three‐branch‐line hybrid coupler. The return loss bandwidth of the system (S11 ≤ −10 dB) is 22% in the lower band and 14% in the upper one. The axial ratio (AR) bandwidth in broadside direction (AR= 3 dB) is 20% in the lower band and 11.3% at the upper one. The antenna gain is 6 and 8.4 dBi in the normal direction at the central frequency of 1.23 and 1.6 GHz, respectively. The total dimensions of the antenna are 170 mm2 with a thickness of 7.524 mm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2811–2814, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27175
FDTD computational study of nanoplasmonic guiding structures for non‐paraxial spatial solitons
Authors: Lubin Zachary , Greene Jethro H. , Taflove Allen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSpatial solitons with beamwidths on the order of a wavelength are studied numerically in the context of their propagation paths being modified by planar nanoplasmonic structures.The prospect of such media in certain configurations used as soliton guiding devices is quantitatively assessed. A finite‐difference time‐domain model is used that incorporates a Kerr nonlinearity and linear dispersion, and solves for the vector components of the fields. A soliton effective beamsplitter, collimator, and dual‐beam waveguide are demonstrated. Interesting aspects of the reflection and transmission properties of gold films is discussed, including first‐time reporting of the Goos‐Hänchen effect in the nonlinear regime for a transverse magnetic, ultra‐narrow spatial soliton incident on a gold slab. The results provided herein are significant for nonlinear switching and routing applications toward future all‐optical computing devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2679–2684, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27182
A compact ultra‐wideband antenna with four band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Li Tong , Zhai Huiqing , Li Guihong , Li Long , Liang Changhong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA coplanar waveguide fed ultra‐wideband antenna with four band‐notched characteristics is proposed in this letter.Two split ring slots are etched on the patch and two inverted L‐shaped slots on the ground to generate four notched bands at 2.4, 3.5, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz, respectively, thus contribute good rejection of interference with WiFi (2.4 GHz), WiMax (3.5 GHz), and wireless local area network (5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz). The simulation and measurement show that the proposed antenna can guarantee a wide bandwidth from 2 to 12 GHz with stable gain and omnidirectional radiation pattern. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2862–2865, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27184
Left‐handed metamaterial structure incorporated with microstrip antenna
Authors: Rahim M. K. A. , Ibrahim N. , Majid H.A. , Murad N. A 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a new planar left‐handed metamaterial (LHM), which consist of a combination of a modified square rectangular split ring resonator and strip wire. Both structures are on the same plane. The structure is simulated and measured with the microstrip antenna operating at frequency 5.8 GHz. The LHM has been analyzed using Nicolson–Ross–Weir approach to obtain the negative permeability and permittivity at 5.8 GHz. The fabrication of the LHM is on FR‐4 board substrate. From the simulation and measurement results, the gain of the microstrip antenna with LHM has increased by 4.0 dB. The return loss of the antenna with LHM is improved to 15.7 dB compare without LHM structure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2828–2832, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27186