bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superiority of Graphene over Polymer Coatings for Prevention of Microbially Induced Corrosion
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ajay , Gadhamshetty Venkataramana , Mukherjee Rahul , Natarajan Bharath , Eksik Osman , Ali Shojaee S. , Lucca Don A. , Ren Wencai , Cheng Hui-Ming , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPrevention of microbially induced corrosion (MIC) is of great significance in many environmental applications. Here, we report the use of an ultra-thin, graphene skin (Gr) as a superior anti-MIC coating over two commercial polymeric coatings, Parylene-C (PA) and Polyurethane (PU). We find that Nickel (Ni) dissolution in a corrosion cell with Gr-coated Ni is an order of magnitude lower than that of PA and PU coated electrodes. Electrochemical analysis reveals that the Gr coating offers ~10 and ~100 fold improvement in MIC resistance over PU and PA coatings respectively. This finding is remarkable considering that the Gr coating (1–2 nm) is ~25 and ~4000 times thinner than the PA (40–50 nm) and PU coatings (20–80 μm), respectively. Conventional polymer coatings are either non-conformal when deposited or degrade under the action of microbial processes, while the electro-chemically inert graphene coating is both resistant to microbial attack and is extremely conformal and defect-free. Finally, we provide a brief discussion regarding the effectiveness of as-grown vs. transferred graphene films for anti-MIC applications. While the as-grown graphene films are devoid of major defects, wet transfer of graphene is shown to introduce large scale defects that make it less suitable for the current application.
X-ray irradiation activates K+ channels via H2O2 signaling
Authors: Gibhardt Christine S. , Roth Bastian , Schroeder Indra , Fuck Sebastian , Becker Patrick , Jakob Burkhard , Fournier Claudia , Moroni Anna , Thiel Gerhard 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIonizing radiation is a universal tool in tumor therapy but may also cause secondary cancers or cell invasiveness. These negative side effects could be causally related to the human-intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated-K+-channel (hIK), which is activated by X-ray irradiation and affects cell proliferation and migration. To analyze the signaling cascade downstream of ionizing radiation we use genetically encoded reporters for H2O2 (HyPer) and for the dominant redox-buffer glutathione (Grx1-roGFP2) to monitor with high spatial and temporal resolution, radiation-triggered excursions of H2O2 in A549 and HEK293 cells. The data show that challenging cells with ≥1 Gy X-rays or with UV-A laser micro-irradiation causes a rapid rise of H2O2 in the nucleus and in the cytosol. This rise, which is determined by the rate of H2O2 production and glutathione-buffering, is sufficient for triggering a signaling cascade that involves an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ and eventually an activation of hIK channels.
Subsequent Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Liu Xiangdong , Försti Asta , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Ji Jianguang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractImmunological data show that type 2 diabetes (T2D) manifests autoimmune features. We wanted to test the association epidemiologically by assessing subsequent diagnosis of T2D following diagnosis of autoimmune disease (AId) and subsequent AId after T2D in the same individuals. Patients were identified from three Swedish health databases. A total of 32 different AId were included. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for T2D diagnosis in patients with previously diagnosed AId and compared to those without a previous AId. Among a total of 757,368 AId patients, 15,103 were diagnosed with T2D, giving an overall SIR for T2D of 1.66. T2D risks were increased after 27 AIds; the highest SIRs were noted for chorea minor (8.00), lupoid hepatitis (5.75) and Addison disease (2.63). T2D was increased after 27 of 32 AIds but we were unable to control for factors such as obesity and smoking. However, the clearly increased risks for T2D in most types of AId patients and in reverse order increased risks for AId after T2D, do not support an overall confounding by life-style factors. Mechanistic links shared by T2D, AId and life-style factors such as obesity, perhaps through chronic inflammation, may drive autoimmune activation of T2D and many AIds.
Increase in dicentric chromosome formation after a single CT scan in adults
Authors: Abe Yu , Miura Tomisato , Yoshida Mitsuaki A. , Ujiie Risa , Kurosu Yumiko , Kato Nagisa , Katafuchi Atsushi , Tsuyama Naohiro , Ohba Takashi , Inamasu Tomoko , Shishido Fumio , Noji Hideyoshi , Ogawa Kazuei , Yokouchi Hiroshi , Kanazawa Kenya , Ishida Takashi , Muto Satoshi , Ohsugi Jun , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Kamiya Kenji , Sakai Akira 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExcess risk of leukemia and brain tumors after CT scans in children has been reported. We performed dicentric chromosome assay (DCAs) before and after CT scan to assess effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on chromosomes. Peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes were collected from 10 patients before and after a CT scan. DCA was performed by analyzing either 1,000 or 2,000 metaphases using both Giemsa staining and centromere-fluorescence in situ hybridization (Centromere-FISH). The increment of DIC formation was compared with effective radiation dose calculated using the computational dosimetry system, WAZA-ARI and dose length product (DLP) in a CT scan. Dicentric chromosome (DIC) formation increased significantly after a single CT scan and increased DIC formation was found in all patients. A good correlation between the increment of DIC formation determined by analysis of 2,000 metaphases using Giemsa staining and those by 2,000 metaphases using Centromere-FISH was observed. However, no correlation was observed between the increment of DIC formation and the effective radiation dose. Therefore, these results suggest that chromosome cleavage may be induced by one CT scan and we recommend 2,000 or more metaphases be analyzed in Giemsa staining or Centromere-FISH for DCAs in cases of low-dose radiation exposure.
Quantifying the heritability of testicular germ cell tumour using both population-based and genomic approaches
Authors: Litchfield Kevin , Thomsen Hauke , Mitchell Jonathan S. , Sundquist Jan , Houlston Richard S , Hemminki Kari , Turnbull Clare 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA sizable fraction of testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) risk is expected to be explained by heritable factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified a number of common SNPs associated with TGCT. It is however, unclear how much common variation there is left to be accounted for by other, yet to be identified, common SNPs and what contribution common genetic variation makes to the heritable risk of TGCT. We approached this question using two complimentary analytical techniques. We undertook a population-based analysis of the Swedish family-cancer database, through which we estimated that the heritability of TGCT at 48.9% (CI:47.2%–52.3%). We also applied Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis to 922 cases and 4,842 controls to estimate the heritability of TGCT. The heritability explained by known common risk SNPs identified by GWAS was 9.1%, whereas the heritability explained by all common SNPs was 37.4% (CI:27.6%–47.2%). These complementary findings indicate that the known TGCT SNPs only explain a small proportion of the heritability and many additional common SNPs remain to be identified. The data also suggests that a fraction of the heritability of TGCT is likely to be explained by other classes of genetic variation, such as rare disease-causing alleles.
Bioluminescence-mediated longitudinal monitoring of adipose-derived stem cells in a large mammal ex vivo organ culture
Authors: Peeters Mirte , van Rijn Sjoerd , Vergroesen Pieter-Paul A. , Paul Cornelis P. L. , Noske David P. , Peter Vandertop W. , Wurdinger Thomas , Helder Marco N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecently, ex vivo three-dimensional organ culture systems have emerged to study the physiology and pathophysiology of human organs. These systems also have potential as a translational tool in tissue engineering; however, this potential is limited by our ability to longitudinally monitor the fate and action of cells used in regenerative therapies. Therefore, we investigated luciferase-mediated bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a non-invasive technique to continuously monitor cellular behavior in ex vivo whole organ culture. Goat adipose-derived stem cells (gADSCs) were transduced with either Firefly luciferase (Fluc) or Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) reporter genes and injected in isolated goat intervertebral discs (IVD). Luciferase activity was monitored by BLI for at least seven days of culture. Additionally, possible confounders specific to avascular organ culture were investigated. Gluc imaging proved to be more suitable compared to Fluc in monitoring gADSCs in goat IVDs. We conclude that BLI is a promising tool to monitor spatial and temporal cellular behavior in ex vivo organ culture. Hence, ex vivo organ culture systems allow pre-screening and pre-validation of novel therapeutic concepts prior to in vivo large animal experimentation. Thereby, organ culture systems can reduce animal use and improve the speed of innovation by overcoming technological, ethical and financial challenges.
Grandmothering life histories and human pair bonding
Authors: Coxworth James E. , Kim Peter S. , McQueen John S. , Hawkes Kristen 
Published: September 2015

SignificancePair bonds are universal in human societies and distinguish us from our closest living relatives. They characteristically involve men’s proprietary claims over women—mate guarding—which in animals generally is both predicted and observed to be more frequent when sex ratios in the fertile ages are male-biased. A marked male bias in the fertile ages evolved in our lineage as longevity increased without an extension of female fertility. We compare the sex-ratio shift in simulations of the grandmother hypothesis to demographic data from chimpanzees and human hunter–gatherers then connect the expanded proportions of older men to benefits for mate guarding, the evolution of pair bonds, and the long recognized importance of male alliances in human social life.
Efficiency of super-Eddington magnetically-arrested accretion
Authors: McKinney Jonathan C. , Dai Lixin , Avara Mark J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The radiative efficiency of super-Eddington accreting black holes (BHs) is explored for magnetically-arrested discs, where magnetic flux builds-up to saturation near the BH. Our three-dimensional general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic (GRRMHD) simulation of a spinning BH (spin a/M = 0.8) accreting at ∼50 times Eddington shows a total efficiency ∼50 per cent when time-averaged and total efficiency ≳ 100 per cent in moments. Magnetic compression by the magnetic flux near the rotating BH leads to a thin disc, whose radiation escapes via advection by a magnetized wind and via transport through a low-density channel created by a Blandford–Znajek (BZ) jet. The BZ efficiency is sub-optimal due to inertial loading of field lines by optically thick radiation, leading to BZ efficiency ∼40 per cent on the horizon and BZ efficiency ∼5 per cent by r ∼ 400rg (gravitational radii) via absorption by the wind. Importantly, radiation escapes at r ∼ 400rg with efficiency η ≈ 15 per cent (luminosity L ∼ 50LEdd), similar to η ≈ 12 per cent for a Novikov–Thorne thin disc and beyond η ≲ 1 per cent seen in prior GRRMHD simulations or slim disc theory. Our simulations show how BH spin, magnetic field, and jet mass-loading affect these radiative and jet efficiencies.
Mineral waters across the Channel: matter theory and natural history from Samuel Duclos's minerallogenesis to Martin Lister's chymical magnetism,
ca
. 1666–86
Authors: Roos Anna Marie , Boantza Victor D. 
Published: September 2015

Our essay analyses a little-known book,
Observations sur les eaux minerales des plusieurs provinces de France
(1675), which is a study of French mineral waters, commissioned by and conducted at the French Royal Academy of Science (est. 1666). Its author, Samuel Cottereau Duclos (1598–1685), was a senior founding figure of the Academy, its chief chymist and one of its most influential members. We examine
Observations
with a focus on the changing attitudes towards chymical knowledge and practice in the French Academy and the Royal Society of London in the period 1666–84. Chymistry was a fundamental analytical tool for seventeenth-century natural historians, and, as the work of Lawrence Principe and William Newman has shown, it is central to understanding the ‘long’ Scientific Revolution. Much study has also been done on the developing norms of openness in the dissemination and presentation of scientific, and particularly chymical knowledge in the late seventeenth century, norms that were at odds with traditions of secrecy among individual chymists. Between these two standards a tension arose, evidenced by early modern ‘vociferous criticisms’ of chymical obscurity, with different strategies developed by individual philosophers for negotiating the emergent boundaries between secrecy and openness. Less well studied, however, are the strategies by which not just individuals but also scientific institutions negotiated these boundaries, particularly in the formative years of their public and political reputation in the late seventeenth century. Michael Hunter's recent and welcome study of the ‘decline of magic’ at the Royal Society has to some extent remedied these omissions. Hunter argues that the Society—as a corporate body—disregarded and avoided studies of magical and alchemical subjects in the late seventeenth century. Our examination problematizes these distinctions and presents a more complex picture.
pcaReduce: Hierarchical Clustering of Single Cell Transcriptional Profiles
Authors: Žurauskienė Justina , Yau Christopher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMotivation:Advances in single cell genomics provides a way of routinely generating transcriptomics data at the single cell level. A frequent requirement of single cell expression experiments is the identification of novel patterns of heterogeneity across single cells that might explain complex cellular states or tissue composition. To date, classical statistical analysis tools have being routinely applied to single cell data, but there is considerable scope for the development of novel statistical approaches that are better adapted to the challenges of inferring cellular hierarchies.Results:Here, we present a novel integration of principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering to create a framework for characterising cell state identity. Our methodology uses agglomerative clustering to generate a cell state hierarchy where each cluster branch is associated with a principal component of variation that can be used to differentiate two cellular states. We demonstrate that using real single cell datasets this approach allows for consistent clustering of single cell transcriptional profiles across multiple scales of interpretation.Availability:R implementation ofpcaReducealgorithm is available fromhttps://github.com/JustinaZ/pcaReduce
Corporate tax in emerging countries: some aspects of India
Authors: George Reji , Reddy Y V 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to find out the corporate tax gaps in India and the possible reasons behind it.Design/methodology/approach– The objectives were achieved by looking at the existing tax system in the country, problems in the area of corporate taxation and the reasons for these problems. The authors also look at how we can address a few of these problems in comparison with other emerging countries.Findings– Emerging countries play an important role in the world economy. India is undeniably rising as an important and vital country, not only among emerging countries but also in the global economy. Tax environment in India is often seen as a complex system with the multiplicity of indirect taxes, overburdening litigations and lack of certainty. Tax policies can be an effective mechanism to promote investments, both international and domestic, which India needs in abundance. The existing high fiscal deficit in the country necessitates the need to make revenue increase a primary concern of tax policy in India. Although indirect taxes have become an important source of development funds in developing countries due to their wide coverage, we feel that corporate tax can become a potential source of revenue in the future.Practical implications– This paper should help in changing the way policy decisions relating to tax should be looked at.Originality/value– Studies in the Indian context are limited. This paper should be of some use to those intending to understand the tax system, especially with reference to corporate taxes in India.
The impact of the Combined Code in Greek soft law
Authors: Nerantzidis Michail , Filos John , Tsamis Anastasios , Agoraki Maria-Eleni 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of Combined code (2010) impact in the Greek soft law (SEV code, 2011) and the adoption of an overlapping set (between the two codes) of best practice provisions in Greece.

Design/methodology/approach
– Content analysis was conducted to examine the similarities between the UK’s Combined code (2010) and the Greek SEV code (2011). Moreover, a sample of 219 Greek listed companies’ annual reports was analyzed, and their compliance with a specific number of provisions was evaluated.

Findings
– Through analyzing the content of both codes, it was found that from the total 64 provisions of the SEV code (2011), 45 were matched to at least one of the Combined codes (2010). From these 45 provisions, 26 were characterized as “in spirit” influence and 19 as “in letter”. Based on this evidence, 22 overlapping practices were selected to investigate the compliance and a quite low rate was revealed, an average percentage of 30.46 per cent. These findings indicate that while exogenous forces trigger the development and adoption of a code in Greece, in line with the UK’s, the endogenous forces tend to avoid the compliance with that “exogenous practices”. Moreover, the results support the idea that the Greek national code should be reshaped to fit the different country’s characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
– The research limitations are associated with the content analysis methodology, as well as the reliability of corporate governance (CG)statements.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to understanding in a more comprehensive manner the impact of Combined Code (2010) in Greek soft law. More specifically, based on a previous case study, this paper extends the seven analyzed factors of Koutoupis’ (2012) research to the total CG provisions of both codes. However, it goes further and develops a coding scheme to rate the level of compliance of the overlapping provisions.
Director’s remuneration and correlation on firm’s performance
Authors: Aggarwal Rashmi , Ghosh Ayan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of directors’ remuneration on the firm’s intrinsic and extrinsic value.Design/methodology/approach– The paper provides a brief review of the literature on directors’ remuneration and identifies the current knowledge on the relationship between profit sharing or directors’ remuneration and the firm’s performance. In addition, correlation analysis between the directors’ compensation and various parameters measuring the firm’s performance is done.Findings– From an investor’s viewpoint, the performance indicators indicated no significant relation of the increase in the firm’s performance with the increase in directors’ remuneration. But, from the accounting viewpoint, there exists a positive correlation between the two. Therefore, the directors’ remuneration adds to the intrinsic value of the firm, but does not contribute significantly to the extrinsic value of the firm.Research limitations/implications– Future research could encompass a larger sample of companies. Also, a comparison could be done for the companies for periods before and after the modification of Clause 49 post-Satyam fiasco. The present study is done after a short period of the modification to the Clause 49.Originality/value– The study provides a unique examination of remuneration of the board of directors and the firm’s performance. It studies the impact of the directors’ remuneration and its impact on firm’s performance. The study encompasses an exhaustive analysis for the emerging market, namely, India. The research studies 40 companies, which are unique from each other and explores the relation. It explores four parameters studying both the intrinsic and extrinsic values of the firm.
An experiment on wear particle’s texture analysis and identification by using deterministic tourist walk algorithm
Authors: Liu Hong , Wei Haijun , Wei Lidui , Li Jingming , Yang Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to use a deterministic tourist walk to build a system that can identify wear particles. Wear particles provide detailed information about the wear processes taking place between mechanical components. Identification of the type of wear particles by image processing and pattern recognition is key to effective online monitoring algorithm. There are three kinds of particles that are particularly difficult to distinguish: severe sliding wear particles, fatigue spall particles and laminar particles.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, an identification method is tested using the deterministic tourist walking (DTW) method. This study examined whether this algorithm can be used in particle identification. If it does, can it outperform the traditional texture analysis methods such as Discrete wavelet transform or co-occurrence matrix. Different parameters such as walk’s memory size, size of image samples, different inputting vectors and different classifiers were compared.

Findings
– The DTW algorithm showed promising result compared to traditional texture extraction methods: discrete wavelet transform and co-occurrence matrix. The DTW method offers a higher identification accuracy and a simple feature vector. A conclusion can be drawn that the DTW method is suited for particle identification and can be put into practical use in condition monitoring systems.

Originality/value
– This paper combined DTW algorithm with wear particle identification problem.
Experimental investigation of the tribological property of low viscosity lubricant under micro confined space
Authors: Qian Shanhua 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present the probable factors resulting in the lubrication failure in detail, based on the experimental study on the tribological property of the low-viscosity lubricant subjected to the different slide/roll ratios and loads under micro confined space.

Design/methodology/approach
– The interference images and the traction coefficients of the spindle oil with low viscosity were recorded using a ball-on-disc test rig. Moreover, the corresponding flash temperatures were obtained via an analytical method.

Findings
– More scratches can be observed in the interference images with higher slide/roll ratios. The applied load plays a significant role in the variation of the traction coefficient under different slide/roll ratio, and higher load resulted in lower traction coefficient. The flash temperature generated in the point contact zone non-linearly increases with increasing slide/roll ratio.

Originality/value
– The flash temperature is not a crucial factor which results in these scratches in the interference images. Moreover, it is probable that the micro confined space is in boundary lubrication at higher shear rates.