bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of insurance status and parental education on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk profile in youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Majidi Shideh , Wadwa R Paul , Bishop Franziska K , Klingensmith Georgeanna J , Rewers Marian , McFann Kim , Maahs David M 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
Adult studies have shown a correlation between low socioeconomic status and Type 1 Diabetes complications, but studies have not been done in children to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on risk for future complications. This study investigates the relationship between insurance status and parental education and both glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of 295 youth with established type 1 diabetes who underwent examination with fasting blood draw and reported insurance status and parental education.

Results
Youth with type 1 diabetes and public insurance had higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, hs-CRP, and blood pressure (p < 0.05) than those with private insurance. Insulin regimen varied between insurance groups, and differences in HbA1c and CVD risk factors, except for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were no longer evident after controlling for insulin regimen. Parental education was not associated with HbA1c or CVD risk factors.

Conclusions
Youth with type 1 diabetes and public insurance have worse glycemic control and elevated CVD risk factors compared to those with private insurance, but this was no longer seen when insulin regimen was controlled for. Further research is needed to look at differences between those with public insurance and private insurance that contribute to differences in type 1 diabetes outcomes, and to identify modifiable risk factors in pediatric patients in order to focus earlier interventions to decrease and prevent future diabetes complications.
β-lactam antibiotic concentrations during continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Beumier Marjorie , Casu Giuseppe Stefano , Hites Maya , Seyler Lucie , Cotton Frederic , Vincent Jean-Louis , Jacobs Frédérique , Taccone Fabio Silvio 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The use of standard doses of β-lactam antibiotics during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may result in inadequate serum concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of unadjusted drug regimens (i.e., similar to those used in patients with normal renal function) in patients treated with CRRT and the influence of CRRT intensity on drug clearance.

Methods
We reviewed data from 50 consecutive adult patients admitted to our Department of Intensive Care in whom routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics (ceftazidime or cefepime, CEF; piperacillin/tazobactam; TZP; meropenem, MEM) was performed using unadjusted β-lactam antibiotics regimens (CEF = 2 g q8h; TZP = 4 g q6h; MEM = 1 g q8h). Serum drug concentrations were measured twice during the elimination phase by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). We considered therapy was adequate when serum drug concentrations were between 4 and 8 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during optimal periods of time for each drug (≥70% for CEF; ≥ 50% for TZP; ≥ 40% for MEM). Therapy was considered as early (ET) or late (LT) phase if TDM was performed within 48 hours of antibiotic initiation or later on, respectively.

Results
We collected 73 serum samples from 50 patients (age 58 ± 13 years; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on admission 21 (17–25)), 35 during ET and 38 during LT. Drug concentrations were above 4 times the MIC in 63 (90%), but above 8 times the MIC in 39 (53%) samples. The proportions of patients with adequate drug concentrations during ET and LT were quite similar. We found a weak but significant correlation between β-lactam antibiotics clearance and CRRT intensity.

Conclusions
In septic patients undergoing CRRT, doses of β-lactam antibiotics similar to those given to patients with normal renal function achieved drug levels above the target threshold in 90% of samples. Nevertheless, 53% of samples were associated with very high drug levels and daily drug regimens may need to be adapted accordingly.
Copy number variants are a common cause of non-syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Shearer A Eliot , Kolbe Diana L , Azaiez Hela , Sloan Christina M , Frees Kathy L , Weaver Amy E , Clark Erika T , Nishimura Carla J , Black-Ziegelbein E Ann , Smith Richard J H 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
Copy number variants (CNVs) are a well-recognized cause of genetic disease; however, methods for their identification are often gene-specific, excluded as ‘routine’ in screens of genetically heterogeneous disorders, and not implemented in most next-generation sequencing pipelines. For this reason, the contribution of CNVs to non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is most likely under-recognized. We aimed to incorporate a method for CNV identification as part of our standard analysis pipeline and to determine the contribution of CNVs to genetic hearing loss.

Methods
We used targeted genomic enrichment and massively parallel sequencing to isolate and sequence all exons of all genes known to cause NSHL. We completed testing on 686 patients with hearing loss with no exclusions based on type of hearing loss or any other clinical features. For analysis we used an integrated method for detection of single nucleotide changes, indels and CNVs. CNVs were identified using a previously published method that utilizes median read-depth ratios and a sliding-window approach.

Results
Of 686 patients tested, 15.2% (104) carried at least one CNV within a known deafness gene. Of the 38.9% (267) of individuals for whom we were able to determine a genetic cause of hearing loss, a CNV was implicated in 18.7% (50). We identified CNVs in 16 different genes including 7 genes for which no CNVs have been previously reported. CNVs of STRC were most common (73% of CNVs identified) followed by CNVs of OTOA (13% of CNVs identified).

Conclusion
CNVs are an important cause of NSHL and their detection must be included in comprehensive genetic testing for hearing loss.
Under a nonadherent state, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be efficiently induced into functional islet-like cell clusters to normalize hyperglycemia in mice: a control study
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Dou Zhongying 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) possess low immunogenicity and immunosuppression as an allograft, can differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) by in vitro induction, and may be a valuable cell source to regenerate pancreatic islets. However, the very low differentiation efficiency of BMSCs towards IPCs under adherent induction has thus far hindered the clinical exploitation of these cells. The aim of this study is to explore a new way to efficiently induce BMSCs into IPCs and lay the groundwork for their clinical exploitation.

Methods
In comparison with adherent induction, BMSCs of human first-trimester abortus (hfBMSCs) under a nonadherent state were induced towards IPCs in noncoated plastic dishes using a three-stage induction procedure developed by the authors. Induction effects were evaluated by statistics of the cell clustering rate of induced cells, and ultrastructural observation, dithizone staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assay, insulin and c-peptide release under glucose stimulus of cell clusters, as well as transplantation test of the cell clusters in diabetic model mice.

Results
With (6.175 ± 0.263) × 105 cells in 508.5 ± 24.5 cell clusters, (3.303 ± 0.331) × 105 single cells and (9.478 ± 0.208) × 105 total cell count on average, 65.08 ± 2.98% hfBMSCs differentiated into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters after nonadherent induction. With (3.993 ± 0.344) × 105 cells in 332.3 ± 41.6 cell clusters, (5.437 ± 0.434) × 105 single cells and (9.430 ± 0.340) × 105 total cell count on average, 42.37 ± 3.70% hfBMSCs differentiated into pancreatic islet-like cell clusters after adherent induction (P < 0.01, n = 10). The former is significantly higher than the latter. Calculated according to the cell clustering rate and IPC percentage in the cell clusters, 29.80 ± 3.95% hfBMSCs differentiated into IPCs after nonadherent induction and 18.40 ± 2.08% hfBMSCs differentiated into IPCs after adherent induction (P < 0.01, n = 10), the former significantly higher than the latter. The cell clusters expressed a broad gene profile related to pancreatic islet cells, released insulin and c-peptide in a glucose concentration-dependent manner, and normalized hyperglycemia of streptozocin-induced mice for at least 80 days following xenograft. Blood glucose of grafted mice rose again after their graft removed. A series of examination of the grafts showed that transplanted cells produced human insulin in recipients.

Conclusions
Our studies demonstrate that nonadherent induction can greatly promote BMSCs to form pancreatic islet-like cell clusters, thereby improving the differentiation efficiency of BMSCs towards IPCs.
LiMnBO3/Carbon Composite Material Synthesized by Ball-milling and Postannealing
Authors: Zheng Jun-chao , Qin Shan-e , Zhang Bao , Ou Xing , Ming Lei , Shen Chao , Han Ya-dong , Wang Jian-long , Zhang Jia-feng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
LiMnBO3/carbon composite cathode material has been synthesized by using a ball-milling and postannealing method. The LiMnBO3/C sample was characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical tests. The XRD results reveal the formation of a phase with the hexagonal structure. The SEM and TEM images indicate that the LiMnBO3 particles are approximately 100 nm in diameter and are embedded in a porous carbon matrix. The electrochemical measurement results indicate that the LiMnBO3/C cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, deliver a high discharge capacity of 209.3 mA h g−1 at 0.025 C, and possess favorable capacity at the rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 1 C in the voltage range 1.0–4.8 V.
Facile Synthesis of Small MgO Nanoparticle/Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid Material
Authors: Huang Bo , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We report a one-step facile synthesis of a novel MgO nanoparticle/metal–organic framework (MOF) composite. Mg-MOF-74 was thermally decomposed under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce MgO nanoparticle/MOF. This product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mean diameter of MgO nanoparticles in the composite was 2.5 ± 0.7 nm.
Hydrogen Evolution Using the Visible-light-induced Metal-to-polyoxometalate Multiple Electron Transfer
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Tang Fei , Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A tetranuclear cerium-containing polyoxometalate, TBA6[{Ce(H2O)}2{Ce(CH3CN)}2(µ4-O)(γ-SiW10O36)2] (I, TBA: tetra-n-butylammonium), showed a unique intramolecular multiple electron transfer (Ce3+-to-POM(W6+)) on irradiation of visible light (λ &gt; 400 nm). This could induce hydrogen (H2) evolution using alcohols as the electron donors, and a high turnover number (TON) of 1960 was achieved. Moreover, I could be reused without an appreciable loss in its catalytic performance.
Management of Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion beyond the Root Apex during Root Canal Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Kandian S , Chander S , Bishop K 
Published: May 2014

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is most commonly used as an irrigating solution in endodontic practice. This paper describes an incident of sodium hypochlorite extrusion past the apex (SHEPA) of the UR3. Management of the condition resulted in hospitalisation of the patient, and intravenous antibiotic and steroid therapy. This case report details the measures that can be employed to reduce the risk of SHEPA and management of its potentially serious complications. The reader should understand the various measures that can be adopted to reduce extrusion of endodontic irrigants beyond the root apex and management following SHEPA.
Sickle Cell Disease and Pulpal Necrosis: A Review of the Literature for the Primary Care Dentist
Authors: Basati M S 
Published: May 2014

A case of difficult diagnosis of a patient with sickle cell disease and tooth pain fuelled a literature review by a primary care general dental practitioner. A literature search was conducted to review the relationship between sickle cell disease and pulpal necrosis. The results indicated statistically significant associations of sickle cell disease and tooth pain without any carious or traumatic pathology. It is important for the primary care dentist to be aware of the relationship between sickle cell disease and pulpal necrosis to prevent misdiagnosis and consequently mistreatment. Background A female patient, 49, of African-Carribean descent with sickle cell disease presented to the dental clinic with chronic pain. The tooth involved was an upper right first premolar free of caries and trauma. On a periapical radiograph the surrounding alveolar bone had large areas of ‘black banding’. The patient reported that large ‘black bands’ had also been seen on radiographs of her hip and shoulder and eventually the orthopaedic physician had come to the diagnosis of bone necrosis secondary to the patient's sickle cell disease. With this information, a provisional diagnosis of pulpal necrosis secondary to avascular necrosis was made, once all other possible diagnoses had been excluded. The premolar was extirpated and at a review appointment there was complete resolution of symptoms. The author performed a literature review because as a primary care dentist he had never come across this diagnosis before and noted that other primary care practitioners might be interested to learn about it.
Escorts’ Knowledge of Their Duty of Care to Patients who have Undergone Intravenous Sedation
Authors: Thompson W , Wilson K E , Girdler N M 
Published: May 2014

Aim To assess escorts’ understanding of their responsibilities to the patient 24 hours following dental treatment under intravenous sedation. Standards One hundred per cent of escorts: have been informed of their duties, have read the information sheet, expect at least a one hour appointment, identify the hazardous activities patients should avoid following sedation, travel by private transport, are aware that medications are taken as normal, should have care in place 24 hours following sedation. Method This was a prospective questionnaire-based audit. Questionnaires were handed to escorts of patients receiving treatment under intravenous sedation in Newcastle Dental Hospital sedation department. Results Of 104 responses, 91.3% of escorts were informed about their duties and 79.8% had read the information sheet prior to the appointment. Boiling a kettle and Internet use were the most selected hazardous activities that escorts deemed safe for patients to carry out postoperatively (19.2%, 23.0%.) Private transport home was mainly used (car 73.1%, taxi 24.9%.) Following sedation, 93.3% of patients had an escort for 24 hours. Conclusion Escorts’ basic knowledge fell short of the standard. Improvements are needed to ensure patient safety. Recommendations At the pre-assessment, the patient might be given an information sheet solely for the escort and encouraged to explain this to the escort. More comprehensive information listing activities hazardous to the patient 24 hours following sedation and emphasising that taking medications as normal preoperatively could be available on the treatment day. Transport information in the appointment letter might improve access. A Trust website link, a DVD and posters in the waiting room could further inform.
Phenomenal dress! A personal phenomenology of clothing
Authors: Franklin Alex 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The principle aim of this article is to contribute to the development of a phenomenology of fashion through an analysis of my relationship with clothing using Heidegger’s phenomenology of Being as outlined in Being and Time (1997) to provide the study’s methodological foundations.
I say ‘a’ phenomenology; however, I will argue that it is only through engagement with the ‘partial perspectives’ and ‘situated knowledges’ (Haraway 1988: 583) offered by individual Beings-in-their-worlds that small but significant intersubjective truths can be identified.
Peacocks in the sands: Flamboyant men’s beachwear 1920–30
Authors: Maglio Diane 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Palm Beach, Florida in winter was ideal for luxury pastimes of the social elite and, equally important, an opportunity to see and be seen in the latest leisurewear. Journalists documented the habits and styles of millionaires and movie stars. This information was both society news and fashion direction to the menswear industry. The newest ideas in men’s beachwear from luxury resorts in Florida and Europe ultimately influenced beachwear in retail stores throughout America. Photographs and descriptions in menswear publications of resort wear were compared to the textiles and garments I examined at the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology (MFIT), New York and the Hampshire Museum Collections, United Kingdom. Men who dressed for business in constrained clothes transformed into peacocks in the sands with no concern for appearing less than masculine. Flamboyant dress in this period reflected an exceptional use of colourful robes, pyjamas and bathing suits often with extravagant patterns.
Marc in skirts
Authors: Carreño Alexis 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article postulates that although skirts for men are more acceptable today, they still cut a controversial figure. For the Metropolitan Museum’s Costume Institute Gala in 2011, American designer Marc Jacobs wore a transparent button-down tunic that problematized the discourses on gender and clothing. In this article, Jacobs’s ensemble, created by Rei Kawakubo for Comme des Garçons, is analyzed through the following concepts: the western dress code that requires men to wear tuxedos at ceremonial functions; the lace as a feminine textile; the unisex looks that appeared in the 1960s; and the gender-bending styles of cross-dressers, drag performers and gender-fuck practitioners.
Embodying the military: Uniforms
Authors: Peoples Sharon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It is difficult to disentangle masculinity from military uniforms. Amid the shifting notions of gender in the late eighteenth century, this article argues that ‘techniques of the body’ were employed by the military, contributing to what became the hegemonic shape of the modern male body. Framing the work within the theories of Marcel Mauss this article uses the case study of Beau Brummell to argue that this dandy based his dress on something more than the vestmentary surface. Brummell’s story is rare for a male in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century: his life was described through his dress practices. Traditionally, when fashion is discussed, it is through women’s fashion, although this is rapidly shifting. Very little writing on military uniforms is about embodied practice. Dressing is an embodied activity located in specified temporal, spatial and hierarchical relations. This article addresses this gap.
The underside of the undershirt: Australian masculine identity and representations of the undershirt in the ‘Chesty Bond’ comic-strip advertisements
Authors: Berry Jess 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article considers the male undershirt within discourses of distinctive Australian national dress styles, bush wear and swimwear. Through the case study of Chesty Bonds advertisements, this article will argue that the undershirt became a symbol of strength, virility, heroicism and mateship during the 1940s and 1950s. In aligning the Chesty Bond character with iconic Australian heroic types the surf lifesaver and the bushman advertisers were able to draw on mythologies of masculine cultural identity to promote the undershirt as a staple of the hegemonic male wardrobe. Through an analysis of the Chesty Bond comic-strip advertisements, I will argue that the athletic undershirt contributed to discourses of national identity in which the white male was dominant, and women and non-Anglo-Celtic men were marginalized, seen as being outside the Australian archetype.
Jocks in Jocks: Sportsmen and underwear advertising
Authors: Cole Shaun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In 2012, British Football player David Beckham launched a range of self-branded underwear. He had previously modelled underwear for Emporio Armani. In both of these instances, Beckham followed in the footsteps of many other sportsmen throughout the twentieth century who were utilized by underwear brands to promote their products. Predating Beckham by 80 years American Baseball player Babe Ruth had featured in advertisements for Coopers and Sons Jockey underwear and launched his own brand of undergarments in the 1930s. This article will examine the changing use of sportsmen in underwear advertising over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, examining the way in which the sportsman’s body has been presented as a hard muscular ‘rock’ or passive ‘languid leaner’ and been increasingly objectified and commodified.
Reviews
Authors: Hamilton Smith Lorraine , Vázquez-López Raúl J. , Potvin John 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
La Mécanique Des Dessous, Une Histoire Indiscréte De La Silhouette, 5 July–24 November 2013 Les Arts Decoratifs, Paris
The Story of Men’s Underwear, Shaun Cole (2010) New York: Parkstone Press International, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781859956229, h/bk, £46.90
A Queer History of Fashion: From the Closet to the Catwalk, 13 September 2013–4 January 2014 Fashion Institute of Technology, New York
Underwear for New York ‘swells’ in the age of Victoria
Authors: Maglio Diane 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This research was inspired by an article in a menswear trade journal that examined one day in the sartorial life of the fictional Montgomery Montmorency, a ‘howling New York swell by environment and inclination’. At the start of day, his butler chose a suit of medium weight silk underwear in a shade of electric-blue that complemented the slate-blue mixed business suit he would wear to Wall Street. While the article documented nine complete wardrobe changes in one day, many with silk accessories, it was the detail of colour-coordinated electric-blue silk underwear that was most intriguing. Well-dressed men, like Mr Montmorency, were expected to be devoid of ‘peculiarity, pretension, […or] violent colors’ in public, which left the private world of underwear and bed clothing to express any flavour or personality. Under sensible outerwear, ‘swells’ wore carefully selected underwear in soft, sensuous and expensive silks, even following seasonal colour palettes. Using Mr Montmorency as the prototype for an upper-class consumer of fashion, this article will continue to ‘lift the veil’ from the separate spheres ideology in which women consume and men earn. Building on the work of Christopher Breward, Brett Shannon and Shaun Cole, I focused on the urban environment of NYC as a central place where clothing and accoutrements were readily available. Making, marketing, displaying and purchasing the array of silk underwear attainable, revealed men to be consumers with ‘tastes more costly than those of women’. This article will include the styles, manufacturers and retailers of silk underwear worn by New York ‘swells’ in contrast to their woolen and worsted tailored clothing. Trade journals, fashion consumer publications and ephemera from the Bella C. Landauer collection of the New York Historical Society were studied. Textile samples from the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology, etiquette books and dyers sample books were also examined.