bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality and language work
Authors: Gallet-Blanchard Liliane 
Published: January 2014

Pour la raison évidente, mais non rédhibitoire que la réalité virtuelle a la réputation d’être inabordable pour des universités peu argentées, pratiquement aucune investigation n’a été faite dans ce domaine. Après avoir pris part à diverses conférences au Centre Pompidou à Paris et lu Virtual Reality de Howard Rheingold, je pense que nous ne devons plus nous poser le problème de ce que nous pouvons faire, mais de ce que nous voulons faire désormais. De plus, au lieu de nous plaindre de la mauvaise qualité des logiciels ou des QCMs existants, nous pouvons maintenant influencer les choix des sociétés commerciales et avoir notre mot à dire quant au futur de l’éducation : c’est hic et nunc qu’il nous faut écrire les logiciels appropriés. J’ai choisi le domaine de l’anglais de spécialité (en particulier celui de l’anglais médical pour diverses raisons que je ferai apparaître à partir de vidéos), pour montrer les possibilités offertes par la réalité virtuelle dans le domaine de l’apprentissage des langues : des exemples précis illustreront les notions de simulation, de téléprésence, de liberté et de créativité.
Hypertexte, multimédia et inter-culture(s)
Authors: Cazade Alain , Perry Evelyn 
Published: January 2014

L’environnement hypertexte et le multimédia accompagnent aujourd’hui tout apprentissage des langues sur ordinateur. Mais cette richesse ne doit exclure ni facilité ni simplicité d’emploi tant pour l’enseignant que pour l’apprenant. L’analyse des réponses de l’apprenant et de ses tâtonnements orientera une recherche très intéressante sur les différents comportements cognitifs rencontrés. « Black Market » est un exemple d’hypertexte faisant travailler sur des textes, des documents iconographiques et des « fichiers son ». Le monde de l’EAO, en pleine reconversion, nous oblige à réfléchir ensemble à ce qu’il faut en faire pour aboutir à autre chose qu’un gadget sophistiqué ne tenant pas suffisamment compte des préoccupations légitimes de la pédagogie en général et des avancées particulières de la recherche en matière d’étude des langues.
L’impact des préoccupations managériales sur l’administration locale de la justice pénale française
Authors: Gautron Virginie 
Published: January 2014

Pour analyser l’impact des préoccupations managériales sur l’administration de la justice pénale, cet article se propose de restituer les résultats d’une recherche pluridisciplinaire comparant les évolutions des modes de traitement des délits dans cinq juridictions françaises. La base empirique de l’étude se fonde sur une soixantaine d’entretiens, des observations et l’analyse statistique d’un échantillon composé de 7 500 dossiers délictuels, sélectionnés sur une période de dix années (2000-2010).
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Inhibits the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Vong Linda , Lorentz Robert J. , Assa Amit , Glogauer Michael , Sherman Philip M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an essential component of the antimicrobial repertoire and represent an effective means by which neutrophils capture, contain, and kill microorganisms. However, the uncontrolled or excessive liberation of NETs also damages surrounding cells and can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as the presence of local and systemic markers of inflammation, are strongly associated with the manifestation of a spectrum of intestinal disorders, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Although probiotics exert beneficial effects on gut homeostasis, their direct effect on neutrophils, which are abundant in the setting of intestinal inflammation, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of nonpathogenic, enteropathogenic, and probiotic bacteria on the dynamics of NET formation. Using murine bone marrow–derived neutrophils and the neutrophil-differentiated human myeloid cell line d.HL-60, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG inhibits both PMA- and Staphylococcus aureus–induced formation of NETs. Moreover, probiotic L. rhamnosus strain GG had potent antioxidative activity: dampening reactive oxygen species production and phagocytic capacity of the neutrophils while protecting against cell cytotoxicity. Within the milieu of the gut, this represents a novel mechanism by which probiotics can locally dampen innate immune responses and confer desensitization toward luminal Ags.
Modulation of Nonneutralizing HIV-1 gp41 Responses by an MHC-Restricted TH Epitope Overlapping Those of Membrane Proximal External Region Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Alam S. Munir , Bouton-Verville Hilary , Chen Yao , Newman Amanda , Stewart Shelley , Jaeger Frederick H. , Montefiori David C. , Dennison S. Moses , Haynes Barton F. , Verkoczy Laurent 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is to elicit broadly neutralizing Abs (BnAbs), but current immunization strategies fail to induce BnAbs, and for unknown reasons, often induce nonneutralizing Abs instead. To explore potential host genetic contributions controlling Ab responses to the HIV-1 Envelope, we have used congenic strains to identify a critical role for MHC class II restriction in modulating Ab responses to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of gp41, a key vaccine target. Immunized H-2d–congenic strains had more rapid, sustained, and elevated MPER+ Ab titers than those bearing other haplotypes, regardless of immunogen, adjuvant, or prime or boost regimen used, including formulations designed to provide T cell help. H-2d–restricted MPER+ serum Ab responses depended on CD4 TH interactions with class II (as revealed in immunized intra–H-2d/b congenic or CD154−/− H-2d strains, and by selective abrogation of MPER restimulated, H-2d–restricted primed splenocytes by class II–blocking Abs), and failed to neutralize HIV-1 in the TZM-b/l neutralization assay, coinciding with lack of specificity for an aspartate residue in the neutralization core of BnAb 2F5. Unexpectedly, H-2d–restricted MPER+ responses functionally mapped to a core TH epitope partially overlapping the 2F5/z13/4E10 BnAb epitopes as well as nonneutralizing B cell–Ab binding residues. We propose that class II restriction contributes to the general heterogeneity of nonneutralizing gp41 responses induced by Envelope. Moreover, the proximity of TH and B cell epitopes in this restriction may have to be considered in redesigning minimal MPER immunogens aimed at exclusively binding BnAb epitopes and triggering MPER+ BnAbs.
α-Galactosylceramide but Not Phenyl-Glycolipids Induced NKT Cell Anergy and IL-33–Mediated Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Accumulation via Upregulation of egr2/3
Authors: Huang Jing-Rong , Tsai Yi-Chien , Chang Ya-Jen , Wu Jen-Chien , Hung Jung-Tung , Lin Kun-Hsien , Wong Chi-Huey , Yu Alice L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Strategies for cancer immunotherapy include activating immune system for therapeutic benefit or blockade of immune checkpoints. To harness innate immunity to fight cancer, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has been used to activate NKT cells. Unfortunately, administration of α-GalCer causes long-term NKT cell anergy, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we showed that α-GalCer–triggered egr2/3, which induced programmed death 1 and cbl-b in NKT cells, leading to NKT cell anergy. We also uncovered the induction of the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the spleen by α-GalCer that might attenuate its antitumor efficacy. The accumulation of MDSC was accompanied by 20-fold rise in their arg-1 mRNAs and enhanced expression of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1. Furthermore, α-GalCer–induced egr-2/3 in hepatic NKT cells upregulated their TRAIL in addition to Fas ligand (FasL) and induced alarm signaling molecule IL-33 in Kupffer cells, presumably because of liver damage triggered by TRAIL/FasL. We further demonstrated that IL-33–stimulated macrophages produce G-CSF, which in turn, boosted MDSCs. Thus, α-GalCer–induced FasL/TRAIL and IL-33 provided a novel mechanism underlying α-GalCer–induced hepatotoxicity and MDSC accumulation. In contrast, analogs of α-GalCer containing phenyl group in the lipid tail could neither induce NKT anergy nor enhance MDSCs accumulation. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating MDSCs in mice injected repeatedly with α-GalCer were 2-fold higher than those treated with phenyl-glycolipids. These results not only revealed the induction of MDSC via IL-33 as a new mechanism for α-GalCer–elicited immunosuppression but also provided one of the mechanisms underlying the superior antitumor potency of phenyl-glycolipids. Our findings have important implications for the development of NKT-stimulatory glycolipids as vaccine adjuvants and anticancer therapeutics.
Lumineszierende Materialien: Fixierung von π‐konjugierten und heterocyclischen Liganden mit Bor(III)
Authors: Frath Denis , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDie multidisziplinäre Forschung zu neuen organischen Lumineszenzfarbstoffen wird durch mögliche Anwendungen in der Kunststoffelektronik und Biomedizin vorangetrieben. Die Anordnung ausgeklügelter Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe um ein tetraedrisches Bor(III)‐Zentrum herum ist eine besondere Herangehensweise, die die Kreativität der Chemiker herausfordert. Erfolgreich sind dabei einfache Synthesemethoden, die zu Produkten mit ungewöhnlichem spektroskopischem Verhalten führen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz liefert eine kritische Betrachtung neuerer Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet solcher Bor(III)‐Komplexe (unter Ausschluss von BODIPY‐Verbindungen und Acetylacetonat‐Bor‐Komplexen), die Spezies mit ähnlichen Koordinationsmerkmalen umfassen, und prognostiziert die mögliche Entwicklung dieser Komplexe in verschiedenen Fachbereichen.
Bioorganometallic Chemistry with IspG and IspH: Structure, Function, and Inhibition of the [Fe4S4] Proteins Involved in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Weixue , Oldfield Eric 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEnzymes of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis are attractive anti‐infective drug targets. The last two enzymes of this pathway, IspG and IspH, are [Fe4S4] proteins that are not produced by humans and catalyze 2 H+/ 2 e− reductions with novel mechanisms. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in structural, mechanistic, and inhibitory studies of these two enzymes. In particular, mechanistic proposals involving bioorganometallic intermediates are presented, and compared with other mechanistic possibilities. In addition, inhibitors based on substrate analogues as well as developed by rational design and compound‐library screening, are discussed. The results presented support bioorganometallic catalytic mechanisms for IspG and IspH, and open up new routes to anti‐infective drug design targeting [Fe4S4] clusters in proteins.
Tailoring Chimeric Ligands for Studying and Biasing ErbB Receptor Family Interactions
Authors: Krueger Andrew T. , Kroll Carsten , Sanchez Edgar , Griffith Linda G. , Imperiali Barbara 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDescribed is the development and application of a versatile semisynthetic strategy, based on a combination of sortase‐mediated coupling and tetrazine ligation chemistry, which can be exploited for the efficient incorporation of tunable functionality into chimeric recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the scope of the method, the assembly of a set of bivalent ligands, which integrate members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand family, is described. By using a series of bivalent EGFs with variable intraligand spacing, the differences in structure were correlated with the ability to bias signaling in the ErbB receptor family in a cell motility assay. Biasing away from EGFR‐HER2 dimerization with a bivalent EGF was observed to reduce cell motility in an intraligand distance‐dependent fashion, thus demonstrating the utility of the approach for acutely perturbing receptor‐mediated cell signaling pathways.
One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Acetyl‐ and N‐Glycolylneuraminic Acid Capped Trisaccharides and Evaluation of Their Influenza A(H1 N1) Inhibition
Authors: Hsu Yun , Ma Hsiu‐Hwa , Lico Larry S. , Jan Jia‐Tsrong , Fukase Koichi , Uchinashi Yosuke , Zulueta Medel Manuel L. , Hung Shang‐Cheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHuman lung epithelial cells natively offer terminal N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) α(2→6)‐linked to galactose (Gal) as binding sites for influenza virus hemagglutinin. N‐Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) in place of Neu5Ac is known to affect hemagglutinin binding in other species. Not normally generated by humans, Neu5Gc may find its way to human cells from dietary sources. To compare their influence in influenza virus infection, six trisaccharides with Neu5Ac or Neu5Gc α(2→6) linked to Gal and with different reducing end sugar units were prepared using one‐pot assembly and divergent transformation. The sugar assembly made use of an N‐phthaloyl‐protected sialyl imidate for chemoselective activation and α‐stereoselective coupling with a thiogalactoside. Assessment of cytopathic effect showed that the Neu5Gc‐capped trisaccharides inhibited the viral infection better than their Neu5Ac counterparts.
Activation of Oxygen on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Assisted by Surface Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Huang Yi‐Fan , Zhang Meng , Zhao Liu‐Bin , Feng Jia‐Min , Wu De‐Yin , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSurface plasmon resonances (SPRs) have been found to promote chemical reactions. In most oxidative chemical reactions oxygen molecules participate and understanding of the activation mechanism of oxygen molecules is highly important. For this purpose, we applied surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to find out the mechanism of SPR‐assisted activation of oxygen, by using p‐aminothiophenol (PATP), which undergoes a SPR‐assisted selective oxidation, as a probe molecule. In this way, SPR has the dual function of activating the chemical reaction and enhancing the Raman signal of surface species. Both experiments and DFT calculations reveal that oxygen molecules were activated by accepting an electron from a metal nanoparticle under the excitation of SPR to form a strongly adsorbed oxygen molecule anion. The anion was then transformed to Au or Ag oxides or hydroxides on the surface to oxidize the surface species, which was also supported by the heating effect of the SPR. This work points to a promising new era of SPR‐assisted catalytic reactions.
Transfemoral implantation of Edwards Sapien XT aortic valve without previous valvuloplasty: Role of 2D/3D transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: García Eulogio , Almería Carlos , Unzué Leire , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Cuadrado Ana , Macaya Carlos 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundBalloon valvuloplasty (BAV) has been considered a mandatory step before TAVI. However, it might be related to cerebrovascular microembolizations, atrioventricular conduction disturbances, and hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study is to describe transesophageal echocardiography characteristics of patients that could benefit from direct transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) of Edwards SAPIEN XT, without previous BAV.Methods and ResultsA total of 16 patients with direct implantation of an Edwards SAPIEN XT valve are included. Preprocedural echocardiographic findings were exhaustively analyzed and described. From 32 patients elected for transfemoral TAVI with an Edwards SAPIEN XT, 16 of them (50%) were selected for direct implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN XT valve of size 23 mm (n = 5), 26 mm (n = 8), or 29 mm (n = 3). Patients selection for direct TAVI presented three echocardiographic conditions: central effective orifice, moderate to severe calcification of the aortic valve apparatus preserving leaflets movement, and symmetric distribution of calcium with absent to moderate central aortic regurgitation. Mean age was 81.4 ± 7.4, 75% female, with a mean logistic Euroscore 18.2 ± 11.2. Preprocedural mean valve gradient was 43.6 ± 16.3. Mean effective orifice area was 0.7 ± 0.2. There was no valve embolization and the success rate was 100%. Postdilation was performed in one patient (6.25%). New permanent pacing was needed in two patients (12.5%).ConclusionsTAVI without previous BAV is feasible and safe. 2D/3D TEE is an essential tool to select the patients that could benefit from this technique. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic Decarboxylation—An Emerging Reaction for Chemicals Production from Renewable Resources
Authors: Kourist Robert , Guterl Jan‐Karl , Miyamoto Kenji , Sieber Volker 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDecarboxylases are very useful tools for the defunctionalization of organic molecules under very mild reaction conditions. They have been applied for the synthesis of alcohols, carboxylic acids, diamines, terminal olefins, and other important chemicals. Moreover, several decarboxylases catalyze the fixation of carbon dioxide, which makes them promising catalysts for the utilization of this resource. Interestingly, several decarboxylases show promiscuous activities such as enzymatic racemization and stereoselective hydration. Despite this very high synthetic potential, large‐scale processes are still rare and are mostly limited to fermentative approaches or to small‐volume products. This Minireview gives an overview of the several recent, very promising applications both for the synthesis of high‐value fine chemicals and biogenic bulk products and summarizes chances and limitations of this emerging class of biocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: The New Misfit Compound (BiSe)1.15(TiSe2)2 and the Role of Dimensionality in the Cux(BiSe)1+δ(TiSe2)n Series.
Authors: Trump Benjamin A. , Livi Kenneth J. T. , McQueen Tyrel M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of (BiSe)1.15(TiSe2)2 and (BiSe)1.13(TiSe2) are prepared from Bi, Ti, and Se in the molar ratio1:1:3 by vapor transport with TeCl4 as transport agent (750—680 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Revision of the Li—Si Phase Diagram: Discovery and Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Structure Determination of the High‐Temperature Phase Li4.11Si.
Authors: Zeilinger Michael , Kurylyshyn Iryna M. , Haeussermann Ulrich , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe detailed reinvestigation of the Li‐rich part of the binary Li—Si phase diagram reveals the existence of Li4.106Si (Li16.42Si4) which forms through peritectic decomposition of the Li‐richest phase Li17Si4 at 481—486 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the First Tetracyanamidogallate.
Authors: Kalmutzki Markus , Stroebele Markus , Kroeker Scott , Wren John E. C. , Meyer H. Juergen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLiSr2[Ga(CN2)4] is synthesized by solid state metathesis reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrF2, GaF3, and Li2(CN2) (475 °C, 30 h, 100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of New Actinide Borates, AnB4O8 (An: Th, U).
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Hofer Thomas S. , Heymann Gunter , Perfler Lukas , Kraus Florian , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThB4O8 and UB4O8 are synthesized from the corresponding metal oxides and B2O3 at 5.5 and 10.5 GPa, respectively (multianvil Walker‐type apparatus, 1100 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Stereoselectivity in the Wittig Reaction: The Role of Steric Interactions.
Authors: Stepien Marcin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations combined with a distortion/interaction energy analysis show that the anomalous Z selectivity observed in Wittig reactions of ortho‐substituted benzaldehydes is not caused by phosphorus—heteroatom interactions in the addition transition state, as assumed in earlier work, but is predominantly conditioned by steric effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐enzymatic Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Primary Allylic Amines.
Authors: Kolleth Amandine , Cattoen Martin , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA non‐enzymatic acetyl‐transfer kinetic resolution of primary amines (I), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactam.
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Liu Xihong , Ma Xiaojuan , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn efficient asymmetric vinylogous 1,6‐Michael addition of γ‐butyrolactam (II) to 5‐alkenyl‐isoxazoles (I) and α,β‐unsaturated ketones (IV) in the presence of a chiral quinine‐derived squaramide organocatalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of n‐Alkyl Arenes Through Alkyl Group Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Dobereiner Graham E. , Yuan Jian , Schrock Richard R. , Goldman Alan S. , Hackenberg Jason D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via an initial dehydrogenation of the starting compounds followed by olefin metathesis and hydrogenation of the resulting alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Indanes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboannulation of Diazabicyclic Olefins with o‐Iodostyrenes.
Authors: Jijy Eliyan , Prakash Praveen , Saranya Shreyass , Suresh Eringathodi , Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCarboannulation of a series of diazabicyclic Diels—Alder adducts with o‐iodostyrenes results in the formation of functionalized exo‐methylene substituted indanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Type Reaction with Aryliodine Diacetates Using Hydrazone Ligand.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Watanabe Kohei , Abe Taichi , Kogure Taketo , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck type reaction of substituted aryliodine diacetates (I) with olefins of type (II) affords (E)‐olefins (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Method for Demethylation of Aryl Methyl Ether Using Aliquat‐336.
Authors: Waghmode Suresh B. , Mahale Ganesh , Patil Viraj P. , Renalson Kartik , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA rapid and selective method for the title reaction is applied to a wide range of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophenoxylation of Alkynes by Cooperative Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Oonishi Yoshihiro , Gomez‐Suarez Adrian , Martin Anthony R. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe title method gives aryl vinyl ethers in high yields, short reaction times, Z‐stereoselectivity, and good regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and General Procedure for the Synthesis of α,β‐Alkynyl Ketones from Nitriles Using Alkynyldimethylaluminum Reagents.
Authors: Korbad Balaji L. , Lee Sang‐Hyeup 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe addition of alkynyldimethylaluminum reagents (II) to nitriles and subsequent hydrolysis in the presence of SiO2 provides α,β‐alkynyl ketones via N‐H ketimine intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Wacker Oxidation of Internal Alkenes: Rapid Access to Functionalized Ketones Facilitated by Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Morandi Bill , Wickens Zachary , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe key aspect of the title reaction is the identification of a wide range of directing groups for enabling a regioselective Wacker oxidation of internal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Hydrotalcite Clay Catalyzed Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Srivastava Vivek 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel methodology for the Baylis—Hillman reaction using ionic liquid/hydrotalcite catalytic systems is developed that appears to be more efficient in terms of yield and reaction rate than the usually applied DABCO/MeCN system.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to β‐Keto Esters by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Monoester Potassium Malonates.
Authors: Korsager Signe , Nielsen Dennis U. , Taaning Rolf H. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative α‐arylation of monoethyl potassium malonates with aryl bromides and reactive aryl chlorides provides a simple and direct route to aryl β‐ketoesters.