bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-temperature tribological properties of AlCrN coatings deposited on textured surfaces under dry friction
Authors: Dou Zhongping , Deng Jianxin , Tian Runzhou , Bao Yichen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Linear textures and AlCrN coatings were produced on cemented carbides using laser and physical vapor deposition, respectively. Reciprocal sliding friction studies were conducted under dry friction conditions to examine the tribological properties of the AlCrN coatings placed on textured surfaces against Si3N4 ceramic balls at various temperatures. The findings demonstrated that at friction temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C, the average friction coefficient of the AlCrN coating samples placed on textured surfaces was lower than that of the samples deposited on smooth surfaces. This reduction occurred by 9.6%, 15.1%, and 23.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, because micro-textures trap wear debris, AlCrN coating samples put on textured surfaces had lower surface adhesions, indicating that micro-textures can improve the tribological properties of AlCrN coatings. Finally, the mechanisms of micro-texture improving tribological properties were investigated. Micro-textures can store wear debris, reducing friction coefficients and thereby minimizing abrasive wear. Micro-textures, on the other hand, can prevent coating oxidation by lowering the temperature of the friction area, resulting in less oxidative wear.
Philosophy and Theology, Reason and Revelation
Authors: Garber Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter follows some themes in Spinoza’s complex dialogue between reason and revelation. When we examine what Spinoza thinks revelation teaches, it quickly turns out that there is an apparent inconsistency between revelation, that’s to say theology, and philosophy. What revelation teaches, Spinoza argues, is obedience to God and his laws. But to be obedient, it will turn out, we must conceive of God as a law-giver who enforces the laws that he frames, a conception of God radically at odds with the God that reason shows us in the Ethics. If the philosopher’s conception of God is right, then we must reject the theologian’s conception of God. But if the theologian is right, then we must reject the conception of God that reason demands. In this chapter, the author explores a way of resolving this conflict by appeal to the imagination that supports obedience without a formal conflict with the philosopher’s conception of God.
Experiences of family carers supporting older people within the last year of life in rural and remote areas in the UK
Authors: Mogan Caroline , Davies Nathan , Harrison-Dening Karen , Lloyd-Williams Mari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, a large proportion of older adults live in rural/remote locations. More people are dying at home and require care from their families. Little is known about the experiences of family carers of older people in rural/remote areas in the last year of life.AimTo explore the experiences of current and bereaved family carers who support/ed an older person in a rural area in the UK towards the end-of-life.DesignQualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews and reflexive thematic analysis methods.MethodInterviews were conducted with family carers of rural/remote-dwelling older people in the last year of life. Participants were recruited through national support services, third sector organisations and social media.ResultsInterviews were conducted with 20 family carers. Most were female (n = 17) and aged 52–80 years. Family carers experienced difficulties in accessing health and social care in rural/remote areas due to workforce and skills shortages within their regions. The wider community helped with practical tasks and made carers feel less alone. Community-based services, such as day care, helped to provide respite for carers and promoted meaningful activity and social inclusion for older people. Although internet access was problematic, family carers gained support remotely via social media and telehealth services.ConclusionFamily carers of older people in the last year of life in rural/remote areas value support from the wider community. Further work is required to understand how Public Health approaches to palliative care and workforce distribution can support rural/remote carers and older people.
CAPE: a deep learning framework with Chaos-Attention net for Promoter Evolution
Authors: Ren Ruohan , Yu Hongyu , Teng Jiahao , Mao Sihui , Bian Zixuan , Tao Yangtianze , Yau Stephen S-T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Predicting the strength of promoters and guiding their directed evolution is a crucial task in synthetic biology. This approach significantly reduces the experimental costs in conventional promoter engineering. Previous studies employing machine learning or deep learning methods have shown some success in this task, but their outcomes were not satisfactory enough, primarily due to the neglect of evolutionary information. In this paper, we introduce the Chaos-Attention net for Promoter Evolution (CAPE) to address the limitations of existing methods. We comprehensively extract evolutionary information within promoters using merged chaos game representation and process the overall information with modified DenseNet and Transformer structures. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results on two kinds of distinct tasks related to prokaryotic promoter strength prediction. The incorporation of evolutionary information enhances the model’s accuracy, with transfer learning further extending its adaptability. Furthermore, experimental results confirm CAPE’s efficacy in simulating in silico directed evolution of promoters, marking a significant advancement in predictive modeling for prokaryotic promoter strength. Our paper also presents a user-friendly website for the practical implementation of in silico directed evolution on promoters. The source code implemented in this study and the instructions on accessing the website can be found in our GitHub repository https://github.com/BobYHY/CAPE.
Single-cell RNA sequencing comparison of CD4+, CD8+ and T-cell receptor γδ+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas reveals subset-specific molecular phenotypes
Authors: Chennareddy Sumanth , Rindler Katharina , Ruggiero John R , Alkon Natalia , Cohenour Emry R , Tran Sophia , Weninger Wolfgang , Griss Johannes , Jonak Constanze , Brunner Patrick M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Malignant clones of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) can show a CD4+, CD8+ or T-cell receptor (TCR)-γδ+ phenotype, but their individual impact on tumour biology and skin lesion formation remains ill defined.

Objectives
To perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of CD4+ vs. CD8+ and TCR-γδ+ CTCL lesions.

Methods
We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of 18 CTCL skin biopsies to compare classic CD4+ advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF) with TCR-γ/δ+ MF and primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma (Berti lymphoma).

Results
Malignant clones of TCR-γ/δ+ MF and Bertilymphoma showed similar clustering patterns distinct from CD4+ MF, along with increased expression of cytotoxic markers such as NKG7, CTSW, GZMA and GZMM. Only advanced-stage CD4+ MF clones expressed central memory T-cell markers (SELL, CCR7, LEF1), alongside B1/B2 blood involvement, whereas TCR-γδ+ MF and Berti lymphoma harboured a more tissue-resident phenotype (CD69, CXCR4, NR4A1) without detectable cells in the blood. CD4+ MF and TCR-γδ+ MF skin lesions harboured strong type 2 immune activation across myeloid cells, while Berti lymphoma was more skewed toward type 1 immune responses. Both CD4+ MF and TCR-γδ+ MF lesions showed upregulation of keratinocyte hyperactivation markers such as S100A genes and KRT16. This increase was entirely absent in Berti lymphoma, possibly reflecting an aberrant keratinocyte response to invading tumour cells, which could contribute to the formation of the typical ulceronecrotic lesions within this entity.

Conclusions
Our scRNAseq profiling study reveals specific molecular patterns associated with distinct CTCL subtypes.
Fecal Calprotectin Diagnostic Level Gradient Along the Small Bowel in Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Ukashi Offir , Kopylov Uri , Ungar Bella , Talan Asher Adi , Shachar Eyal , Engel Tal , Albshesh Ahmad , Yablecovitch Doron , Lahat Adi , Eliakim Rami , Ben-Horin Shomron ,   For the Israeli IBD Research Nucleus (IIRN)
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Fecal calprotectin (FC) is known to be a sensitive biomarker of colonic inflammation but to a lesser degree of small bowel (SB) inflammation. Moreover, data on FC’s diagnostic levels in different SB segments are scarce. We aimed to examine FC’s diagnostic levels along the SB axis in CD.

Methods
This was a post hoc aggregated analysis of 5 prospective studies of adult CD patients who underwent FC testing and SB video capsule endoscopy. Lewis score (LS) inflammation in different SB segments was tested for correlation with FC level after the exclusion of colonic disease. The diagnostic levels of FC for SB inflammatory topographical gradient were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic.

Results
Two hundred and fourteen patients were included (age: 30 [24-43] year-old, males-57%). For a similar SB inflammatory activity (LS ≥ 135), FC levels incrementally increased from proximal to distal SB segments (63 [30-121] vs 190 [78-549], p = 0.005) and from distal SB segment to the colon (190 [78-549] vs 542 [185-1000], p = 0.010). The best FC cutoffs to identify isolated mild proximal/distal SB inflammation (LS ≥ 135) were 77 µg/g and 123 µg/g, respectively. A cutoff of 234 µg/g was best to detect more significant proximal inflammation (LS ≥ 350) when only mild distal SB inflammation was present. In sensitivity analyses, this proximal-to-distal FC gradient was maintained when LS ≥ 350 and LS ≥ 790 were used as the inflammatory reference values. Unlike FC, the magnitude of CRP elevation was unrelated to the topography of inflammation along the SB axis.

Conclusions
FC may serve as a topographical biomarker of CD-activity, with its sensitivity to identify mucosal inflammation increases from proximal to distal SB segments.
Assessing the role of mitonuclear interactions on mitochondrial function and organismal fitness in natural Drosophila populations
Authors: Bettinazzi Stefano , Liang Jane , Rodriguez Enrique , Bonneau Marion , Holt Ruben , Whitehead Ben , Dowling Damian K , Lane Nick , Camus M Florencia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mitochondrial function depends on the effective interactions between proteins and RNA encoded by the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Evidence suggests that both genomes respond to thermal selection and promote adaptation. However, the contribution of their epistatic interactions to life history phenotypes in the wild remains elusive. We investigated the evolutionary implications of mitonuclear interactions in a real-world scenario that sees populations adapted to different environments, altering their geographical distribution while experiencing flow and admixture. We created a Drosophila melanogaster panel with replicate native populations from the ends of the Australian east-coast cline, into which we substituted the mtDNA haplotypes that were either predominant or rare at each cline-end, thus creating putatively mitonuclear matched and mismatched populations. Our results suggest that mismatching may impact phenotype, with populations harboring the rarer mtDNA haplotype suffering a trade-off between aerobic capacity and key fitness aspects such as reproduction, growth, and survival. We discuss the significance of mitonuclear interactions as modulators of life history phenotypes in the context of future adaptation and population persistence.
The effect of fluralaner treatment of small mammals on the endemic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi in a natural environment
Authors: Pelletier Jérôme , Bouchard Catherine , Aenishaenslin Cecile , Dibernardo Antonia , Dimitri Masson Gabrielle , Fernandez-Prada Christopher , Gagnon Simon , Victoria Ibarra Meneses Ana , Lindsay Robbin , Ogden Nicholas , Rocheleau Jean-Philippe , Leighton Patrick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Among approaches aimed at reducing Lyme disease risk in the environment, those targeting reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson are promising because they have the potential to reduce both the density of questing Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidea) ticks and the prevalence of B. burgdorferi in the tick population. In this 4-yr field study, we treated a population of wild small mammals with 2 densities of fluralaner baits and investigated the effect of the treatment on 3 parameters of the endemic cycle of B. burgdorferi: (i) the prevalence of infected Peromyscus mice (PIM), (ii) the density of questing nymphs (DON), and (iii) the prevalence of infected questing nymphs (NIP). We demonstrated that fluralaner baiting is effective at reducing tick infestation of Peromyscus mice, the main reservoir of B. burgdorferi in central and northeastern North America, in the laboratory and the field. Results from this study showed a significant decrease in B. burgdorferi infection in mice (odds ratio: 0.37 [CI95: 0.17 to 0.83]). A reduction in the DON between 45.4% [CI95: 22.4 to 61.6] and 62.7% [CI95: 45.9 to 74.2] occurred in treated area when compared with control areas. No significant effect was reported on the NIP. These results confirm the hypothesis that fluralaner baits have an effect on B. burgdorferi endemic cycle, with the potential to reduce the density of B. burgdorferi-infected ticks in the environment. Further studies performed in various habitats and public health intervention contexts are needed to refine and operationalize this approach for reducing Lyme disease risk in the environment.
Traumatic pediatric bear injury resulting in cerebrospinal fluid leakage
Authors: Kropp Lopez Amalie K , Lopez Richard A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a known sequela of open traumatic skull fractures within the pediatric traumatic brain injury population. Black bears are a known entity within the region of northeast Pennsylvania. It is plausible to have a bear–human interaction resulting in significant bodily injury. A 15-month-old male presented in May 2023 as a level 1 trauma alert for a concerning wound at the base of the skull leaking clear fluid; suspicious for CSF. As a result of this interaction, significant bodily injury can occur, such as CSF leaks and traumatic skull fractures. Living in a region within a known bear population poses a minimal risk of injury. Pediatric populations are usually at a low risk for traumatic CSF leaks. Most of the CSF leaks will resolve spontaneously, without acute surgical intervention, as was seen in our patient after a traumatic bear mauling.
Intrahepatic subcapsular hematoma after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a male patient: a case report
Authors: Aliabusunoon Mamoun , Baroom Abdulrahman , Abdulghafar Hossam , Alssied Hala 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 41-year-old male, with a clear medical background, underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated acute cholecystitis. No complications were observed intraoperatively. Second day after operation, the patient developed intense right upper quadrant pain, dizziness, and hypotension with a hemoglobin drop to 8.8 g/dl. Subsequently, an urgent computed tomography was done, which identified subcapsular hepatic with an intraparenchymal hematoma, and therefore, the diagnosis of intrahepatic subcapsular hematoma (ISH) was made. After fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion, the hemodynamic status became stable with no further hemoglobin decline noted. Further serial imaging was conducted and showed no signs of expansion nor intra-abdominal hemorrhage and the conservative line of management was carried on. Nine days later, the patient was discharged home. This report emphasizes the importance of close monitoring of patients who undergo LC and the possibility of ISH, although being rare, in those who report acute abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability after LC.
On the Sages of Königsberg and Down: Rethinking Darwin’s Relationship to Kant
Authors: Stowell John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of this essay is to provide a comprehensive account of the intellectual links between Darwin and Kant, bringing clarity to their relationship on both a historical and philosophical register. Understanding how and what Darwin knew of Kant’s philosophy provides a way to reconceptualize far more than their direct relationship. This case study allows us to rethink Kant’s legacy in British thought, the possible uses of Kant for later German writers, and the important role of the natural theological tradition in British aesthetics. First, I explore the sources through which Darwin encountered Kant during the 1830s and 40s, detailing Darwin’s response to various texts and assessing their impact on the development of his theory during these formative years. Secondly, I explore how British and German contemporaries understood the possible links between Darwin and Kant. I examine Darwin’s strategy in answering their views, and how Kant was thereby incorporated into Darwin’s later work. Finally, I discuss the use of Kantian philosophical resources by present-day historians to understand Darwin’s thought. Via a brief historical exploration of Darwin’s theory of beauty, I argue for a corrective reading, claiming we should reframe the habitual deployment of Kantian philosophemes in recent approaches to Darwin’s thought through the terms of a largely forgotten natural theological tradition to which both Darwin and Kant were, in divergent ways, equivalently disruptive heirs.
Single-plant-omics reveals the cascade of transcriptional changes during the vegetative-to-reproductive transition
Authors: Redmond Ethan J , Ronald James , Davis Seth J , Ezer Daphne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plants undergo rapid developmental transitions, which occur contemporaneously with gradual changes in physiology. Moreover, individual plants within a population undergo developmental transitions asynchronously. Single-plant-omics has the potential to distinguish between transcriptional events that are associated with these binary and continuous processes. Furthermore, we can use single-plant-omics to order individual plants by their intrinsic biological age, providing a high-resolution transcriptional time series. We performed RNA-seq on leaves from a large population of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) during the vegetative-to-reproductive transition. Though most transcripts were differentially expressed between bolted and unbolted plants, some regulators were more closely associated with leaf size and biomass. Using a pseudotime inference algorithm, we determined that some senescence-associated processes, such as the reduction in ribosome biogenesis, were evident in the transcriptome before a bolt was visible. Even in this near-isogenic population, some variants are associated with developmental traits. These results support the use of single-plant-omics to uncover rapid transcriptional dynamics by exploiting developmental asynchrony.
Prevalence and prognostic relevance of electrocardiographic abnormalities among patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Nygaard Louis , Liboriussen Caroline Hundborg , Carlson Nicholas , Nelveg-Kristensen Karl Emil , Kristensen Salome , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Christensen Helle Collatz , Kragholm Kristian , Graff Claus , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Ivarsen Per , Svensson My , Gregersen Jon Waarst , Polcwiartek Christoffer ,   Danvas Investigators
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Current guidelines provide limited evidence for cardiovascular screening in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ECG abnormalities and associations between no, minor or major ECG abnormalities with cardiovascular mortality in AAV patients compared with matched controls.

Methods
Using a risk-set matched cohort design, patients diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis with digital ECGs were identified from Danish registers from 2000 to 2021. Patients were matched 1:3 to controls without AAV on age, sex and year of ECG measurement. Associated hazards of cardiovascular mortality according to ECG abnormalities were assessed in Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities, with subsequent computation of 5-year risk of cardiovascular mortality standardized to the age- and sex-distribution of the sample.

Results
A total of 1431 AAV patients were included (median age: 69 years, 52.3% male). Median follow-up was 4.8 years. AAV was associated with a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (17.5% vs 12.5%), ST-T deviations (10.1% vs 7.1%), atrial fibrillation (9.6% vs 7.5%) and QTc prolongation (5.9% vs 3.6%). Only AAV patients with major ECG abnormalities demonstrated a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality [HR 1.99 (1.49–2.65)] compared with controls. This corresponded to a 5-year risk of cardiovascular mortality of 19.14% (16–22%) vs 9.41% (8–11%).

Conclusion
Patients with AAV demonstrated a higher prevalence of major ECG abnormalities than controls. Notably, major ECG abnormalities were associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. These results advocate for the inclusion of ECG assessment into routine clinical care for AAV patients.
Clinical Impact of Standardized Interpretation and Reporting of Multimodality Neuromonitoring Data
Authors: Luna Rudy , Basil Barbara , Ewbank Davis , Kasturiarachi Brittany M. , Mizrahi Moshe A. , Ngwenya Laura B. , Foreman Brandon 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE:
Evaluate the consistency and clinical impact of standardized multimodality neuromonitoring (MNM) interpretation and reporting within a system of care for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).

DESIGN:
Retrospective, observational historical case-control study.

SETTING:
Single-center academic level I trauma center.

INTERVENTIONS:
Standardized interpretation of MNM data summarized within daily reports.

MEASUREMENTS MAIN RESULTS:
Consecutive patients with sTBI undergoing MNM were included. Historical controls were patients monitored before implementation of standardized MNM interpretation; cases were defined as patients with available MNM interpretative reports. Patient characteristics, physiologic data, and clinical outcomes were recorded, and clinical MNM reporting elements were abstracted. The primary outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale score 3–6 months postinjury. One hundred twenty-nine patients were included (age 42 ± 18 yr, 82% men); 45 (35%) patients were monitored before standardized MNM interpretation and reporting, and 84 (65%) patients were monitored after that. Patients undergoing standardized interpretative reporting received fewer hyperosmotic agents (3 [1–6] vs. 6 [1–8]; p = 0.04) and spent less time above an intracranial threshold of 22 mm Hg (22% ± 26% vs. 28% ± 24%; p = 0.05). The MNM interpretation cohort had a lower proportion of anesthetic days (48% [24–70%] vs. 67% [33–91%]; p = 0.02) and higher average end-tidal carbon dioxide during monitoring (34 ± 6 mm Hg vs. 32 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.01; d = 0.36). After controlling for injury severity, patients undergoing standardized MNM interpretation and reporting had an odds of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.37–1.59) for better outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Standardized interpretation and reporting of MNM data are a novel approach to provide clinical insight and to guide individualized critical care. In patients with sTBI, independent MNM interpretation and communication to bedside clinical care teams may result in improved intracranial pressure control, fewer medical interventions, and changes in ventilatory management. In this study, the implementation of a system for management, including standardized MNM interpretation, was associated with a significant improvement in outcome.