bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of mavacamten in healthy Chinese participants with different CYP2C19 phenotypes
Authors: Wu Xiaojie , Chen Nanye , Hsu Peiwen , Sun Jing , Li Wenting , Wang Qi , Samira Merali , Wei Qiong , Yu Jicheng , Cao Guoying , Yang Haijing , Wang Lili , Wang Jingjing , Jin Yi , Liu Wei , Wu Jufang , He Jinjie , Lyu Cheng , Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is a subtype of HCM characterized by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction resulting from cardiac muscle hypertrophy and anatomic alterations in the mitral valve and apparatus. Mavacamten, a cardiac myosin inhibitor metabolized primarily by CYP2C19 in the liver, is the first and only targeted medication approved for the treatment of symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–III oHCM. Previous pharmacokinetic (PK) results of mavacamten in healthy Caucasian, Japanese, and Asian participants demonstrated that mavacamten exposure was affected by CYP2C19 metabolism status. This open‐label, parallel‐group, phase I trial aimed to determine the PK and safety of mavacamten in healthy Chinese participants with different CYP2C19 genotypes. The primary outcome was to define the PK of mavacamten in healthy Chinese participants; the secondary outcome was to examine safety and tolerability. After a single oral dose of 15 or 25 mg mavacamten in fasted healthy adult Chinese individuals, Cmax was reached within a median Tmax of 0.6–1.5 h, indicating rapid absorption. Inter‐individual variability was moderate, and individuals carrying non‐functional CYP2C19 alleles (*2/*2, *3/*3, or *2/*3) exhibited longer half‐life and increased total exposure. After stratification of CYP2C19 genotypes, total mavacamten exposures were similar among different ethnic groups when compared with prior PK studies. No significant adverse events were observed in this study. Single oral administration of mavacamten at 15 mg was well tolerated across all CYP2C19 genotypes, and 25 mg dose was well tolerated in healthy participants with CYP2C19 genotypes UM/RM/NM. The PK profile of mavacamten in the healthy Chinese population was consistent with that in other healthy populations.
1090. Iris nusairiensis Mouterde: Iridaceae
Authors: Daiyoub Angham , Freeth Thomas , Langhorne Joanna , Nilson Johan , Hall Tony , Mas Sandra Saura 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe Syrian endemic Iris nusairiensis Mouterde is considered on the verge of extinction, but little available information exists for researchers, conservationists, and horticulturists. This diminutive and beautiful pale blue iris is illustrated and discussed in detail, with notes on taxonomy, biology and cultivation. The effects of armed conflict on its continued survival are described, and future actions are suggested.
Association of type III collagen turnover with cardiovascular outcomes and impact with canagliflozin in the CANVAS Program: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Rasmussen Daniel G. K. , Hansen Michael K. , Frederiksen Peder , Luo Yunyun , Pehrsson Martin , Neal Bruce , Karsdal Morten A. , Genovese Federica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate type III collagen (COL III) turnover in participants from the CANVAS Program biomarker substudy.MethodsBiomarkers of COL III formation (PRO‐C3) and COL III degradation fragments (C3M and CTX‐III) were assessed in baseline and year 3 plasma from patients enrolled in CANVAS, investigating the effect of canagliflozin in participants with type 2 diabetes. The clinical outcomes investigated in this study were hospitalization for heart failure, cardiovascular death and all‐cause mortality.ResultsHigher levels of PRO‐C3 and C3M at baseline were associated with an increased incidence of all investigated outcomes, whereas levels of CTX‐III at baseline were not associated with any of the investigated outcomes. Levels of PRO‐C3 decreased and levels of CTX‐III increased following canagliflozin treatment. An increase from baseline to year 3 in PRO‐C3 in the placebo arm was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, and in all participants was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe changes in PRO‐C3 and CTX‐III reflect a shift in the dynamics of COL3 turnover following treatment with canagliflozin. These biomarkers are promising pharmacodynamic tools that can be used to monitor the impact of canagliflozin treatment and possibly other sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors on tissue remodelling in future interventional trials.
Culturally‐Responsive Wayfinding for the O.B. Lulu Briggs Health Center
Authors: Stewart Ashley A. 
Published: July 2024

When individuals from different cultural backgrounds seek medical care, they have varying expectations, preferences, and understandings of how to navigate the healthcare environment.Navigating a healthcare facility can be challenging in and of itself. A hospital in Nigeria embarks on a mission to create effective wayfinding signage to serve its multicultural clients.
Choose a Team, not a Firm
Authors: Lerman Scott 
Published: July 2024

The final choice of partner should be centered on evaluating how well they understand what you need to accomplish, the approach they recommend to achieve your goals, and a true sense of what will it be like to work with them.”— CEO, global brand consultancyAs companies seek consultancies to help them create and evolve their brands, how do they choose the right partner? An industry insider shares his expertise about the process.
Interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the inner speech, with emphasis on the role of incorporating clinical data
Authors: Alexander Julianne M. , Stark Brielle C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeuroscience has largely conceptualized inner speech, sometimes called covert speech, as being a part of the language system, namely, a precursor to overt speech and/or speech without the motor component (impoverished motor speech). Yet interdisciplinary work has strongly suggested that inner speech is multidimensional and situated within the language system as well as in more domain general systems. By leveraging evidence from philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience and cognitive science, we argue that neuroscience can gain a more comprehensive understanding of inner speech processes. We will summarize the existing knowledge on the traditional approach to understanding the neuroscience of inner speech, which is squarely through the language system, before discussing interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the cognitive, linguistic and neural substrates/mechanisms that may be involved in inner speech. Given our own interests in inner speech after brain injury, we finish by discussing the theoretical and clinical benefits of researching inner speech in aphasia through an interdisciplinary lens.
Beyond biomass: Resource effects on primary production and consumer nutrient assimilation in streams
Authors: Schlenker Alexandra , Brauns Mario , Fink Patrick , Weitere Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Primary production in aquatic ecosystems is strongly controlled by resource availability (bottom‐up). At the same time, grazers exert top‐down pressure on algae. The effects of both resources and grazers on algal communities have been investigated extensively for both benthic and planktonic systems. However, most studies focus exclusively on net effects on algal standing stock, while the underlying ecological functions and processes often remain unknown.

Here, we tested the effects of the two resources, light (L) and the limiting nutrient phosphorus (P), on both primary production (net oxygen production) by benthic algae (periphyton) and matter assimilation by the next trophic guild (particularly nitrogen assimilation by grazers). For this, we grew natural periphyton communities in stream mesocosm flumes together with two native grazer taxa and 15N as a tracer.

Both resources resulted in an initial increase in net primary production, but this effect equalised after 36 days in the more mature communities. While both resources still showed strong positive effects on algal biovolume, the biovolume‐specific net primary production decreased with resource level and was lowest in the double elevated (+L, +P) treatment. The response of nitrogen assimilation by grazers was more closely related to the response of periphyton quality (stoichiometric and taxonomic composition) than to its biomass. In addition, light affected the nitrogen assimilation of both grazers negatively.

These findings demonstrate that the responses of ecological functions, here primary production and assimilation by grazers, are not necessarily proportional to algal biomass and are thus not easily predictable from the common use of biomass as a proxy for functions.
Clinical characteristics and predictors of long‐term postoperative urinary incontinence in patients treated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Kohada Yuki , Kitano Hiroyuki , Tasaka Ryo , Miyamoto Shunsuke , Hatayama Tomoya , Shikuma Hiroyuki , Iwane Kyohsuke , Yukihiro Kazuma , Takemoto Kenshiro , Naito Miki , Kobatake Kohei , Sekino Yohei , Goto Keisuke , Goriki Akihiro , Hieda Keisuke , Hinata Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and predictors of long‐term postoperative urinary incontinence (PUI) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).MethodsThis study included patients who underwent RARP at our institution and were stratified into PUI (≥1 pad/day) and continence (0 pad/day) groups at 60 months after RARP. A propensity score‐matched analysis with multiple preoperative urinary status (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite urinary subdomains, total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and IPSS‐quality of life scores) was performed to match preoperative urinary status in these groups. Serial changes in urinary status and treatment satisfaction preoperatively and until 60 months after RARP were compared, and predictors of long‐term PUI were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 228 patients were included in the PUI and continence groups (114 patients each). Although no significant difference in preoperative urinary status was observed between the two groups, the postoperative urinary status significantly worsened overall in the PUI group than in the continence group. Treatment satisfaction was also significantly lower in the PUI group than in the continence group from 12 to 60 months postoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (≥70 years) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were significant predictors of the long‐term PUI group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with long‐term PUI had poor overall postoperative urinary status and lower treatment satisfaction than the continence group. Considering the age and risk of BCR is important for predicting long‐term PUI when performing RARP.
The burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Australia: an analysis of Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: George Elena S. , Sood Surbhi , Uddin Riaz , Roberts Stuart K. , Islam Sheikh M. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2019 reported a rise in prevalence (9–13%) in Australia, which also ranked third highest for NAFLD prevalence compared to 14 similar countries. As a result of underdiagnosis, NAFLD burden is underestimated by GBD.
A new Fermatean fuzzy multi‐objective indefinite quadratic transportation problem with an application to sustainable transportation
Authors: Singh Aakanksha , Arora Ritu , Arora Shalini 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, a Fermatean fuzzy (FF) multi‐objective indefinite quadratic transportation problem (TP) is introduced. Due to some unavoidable reasons, real‐life transportation parameters such as supply, demand and costs are indeterminate in nature and cannot be expressed in crisp terms. We represent these parameters using FF numbers, an extension of fuzzy numbers, which are capable of representing indeterminacy efficiently. A multi‐objective indefinite quadratic TP where each objective is a product of two linear factors (cost functions) is considered. Defuzzification of FF numbers is accomplished by the introduction of ‐cut for the first time. The obtained crisp TP is solved using the intuitionistic fuzzy programming approach and FF programming approach to arrive at a compromise solution. To substantiate the work, solution methodology based on defuzzification using the ranking function is also deliberated. The applicability of the model is demonstrated through a sustainable TP, which simultaneously minimizes transportation cost with depreciation cost and packaging cost with wastage cost. The resulting value of the objective functions and the aspiration levels are compared to depict the efficacy of the proposed method over the ranking function method. The concluding section summarizes the work, and future avenues along with some limitations of the work are also specified.
Broad Scope of Site‐Specific Crop Management and Specific Role of Remote Sensing Technologies Within It—A Review
Authors: Ali Abid , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Kaul Hans‐Peter 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPrecision agriculture (PA) has great potential to increase agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing input costs and environmental impacts. Within PA, site‐specific crop management (SSCM) is considered the main premise, in which tillage operations and precise crop inputs (such as seed, fertiliser, water, pesticide and agrochemical) are applied according to field variability. The main aim of this review was to highlight the methods and tools used for spatial crop monitoring, soil and weather data influencing crop productivity and to support the adoption of SSCM technology. To achieve this goal: we discussed the main five components of SSCM, methods for monitoring crop and soil data, delineating field management zones (FMZs) and variable rate technologies (VRT) such as precision planting and digital smart sensors used for SSCM application. The review summarised that recent advances in plant and soil sensing systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning should be used in retrieving and analysing GIS big data for optimised crop inputs supply. Within VRT, light‐bar systems, automatic controllers and sensors are user‐friendly technologies that should be employed in SSCM solution. The authors highlight that adoption of PA can be increased through proper training and education of the farmers, and developing simple, affordable and efficient PA technologies. The review suggests five criteria that should be strictly adopted to get maximum benefits from SSCM: (i) all factors influencing crop yields can be identified; (ii) their effects on crop yields can be determined by using appropriate digital tools and crop modelling; (iii) variable rate crop inputs (VRCIs) should be calculated based on accurate information obtained from plant, soil and environment; (iv) targeted crop inputs should be exercised through global positioning system (GPS) enabled automatic controllers or wireless sensors network (WSN); and (v) right doses of crop inputs (e.g., nitrogen and irrigation) must be applied at the right time and place.
Bracing for the next wave: A critical incident study of frontline decision‐making, adaptation and learning in ambulance care during COVID‐19
Authors: Hedqvist Ann‐Therese , Holmberg Mats , Bjurling‐Sjöberg Petronella , Ekstedt Mirjam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore frontline decision‐making, adaptation, and learning in ambulance care during the evolving COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignDescriptive and interpretative qualitative study.MethodsTwenty‐eight registered nurses from the Swedish ambulance services described 56 critical incidents during the COVID‐19 pandemic through free‐text questionnaires. The material was analysed using the Critical Incident Technique and Interpretive Description through the lens of potential for resilient performance.ResultsThe findings were synthesized into four themes: ‘Navigating uncharted waters under never‐ending pressure’, ‘Balancing on the brink of an abyss’, ‘Sacrificing the few to save the many’ and ‘Bracing for the next wave’. Frontline decision‐making during a pandemic contribute to ethical dilemmas while necessitating difficult prioritizations to adapt and respond to limited resources. Learning was manifested through effective information sharing and the identification of successful adaptations as compared to maladaptations.ConclusionsDuring pandemics or under other extreme conditions, decisions must be made promptly, even amidst emerging chaos, potentially necessitating the use of untested methods and ad‐hoc solutions due to initial lack of knowledge and guidelines. Within ambulance care, dynamic leadership becomes imperative, combining autonomous frontline decision‐making with support from management. Strengthening ethical competence and fostering ethical discourse may enhance confidence in decision‐making, particularly under ethically challenging circumstances.ImpactPerformance under extreme conditions can elevate the risk of suboptimal decision‐making and adverse outcomes, with older adults being especially vulnerable. Thus, requiring targeted decision support and interventions. Enhancing patient safety in ambulance care during such conditions demands active participation and governance from management, along with decision support and guidelines. Vertical communication and collaboration between management and frontline professionals are essential to ensure that critical information, guidelines, and resources are effectively disseminated and implemented. Further research is needed into management and leadership in ambulance care, alongside the ethical challenges in frontline decision‐making under extreme conditions.Reporting MethodFindings are reported per consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Processes regulating local community assembly of plants and spiders in high latitude mountains
Authors: Måsviken Johannes , Dalén Love , Norén Karin , Dalerum Fredrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimMountains are often used to study how environmental factors influence biodiversity. However, we have limited understanding of the processes causing biodiversity variation in mountains and whether such processes vary across trophic levels and spatial scales. The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) whether community assembly processes varied along elevational gradients, (ii) whether there were differences in such variation between primary producers (vascular plants) and secondary consumers (spiders) and (iii) whether there were scale dependencies in any elevational variation in community assembly.LocationFennoscandia, Northern Sweden.TaxonVascular plants, spiders.MethodsWe used phenotypic and phylogenetic dispersion to quantify how elevation influenced community assembly of vascular plants and spiders and whether there were any scale dependencies in such influences. Our original data of plant and spider communities came from our own field surveys, phenotypic dispersion was calculated based on matrices of ecological traits, and phylogenetic dispersion was calculated from phylogenetic trees for each organism group. Trait matrices were based on a combination of literature values and our own measurements. The phylogeny for vascular plants was based on a published plant super‐tree, whereas the phylogeny for spiders was created by ourselves based on the DNA sequences at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI).ResultsPlants were environmentally filtered throughout all elevations and scales, but the importance of convergent evolution increased with elevation. For spiders, the importance of environmental filtering as well as niche conservatism increased with elevation. For both groups, communities at smaller scales were more influenced by biotic regulation and niche conservatism than at larger scales.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights both taxonomic differences and scale dependencies in how elevation influences community assembly. We argue that these results can have broad ramifications for our understanding of how spatial variation in biodiversity is generated and maintained. This may have particular relevance for our ability to predict the ecological consequences of climate change. Our results further highlight that high elevation specialists may suffer increased risks of climate driven extinctions due to a combination of increased competition and increased fragmentation of suitable habitats. Particularly for spiders, which had high elevation specialists clustered along specific lineages, such extinctions could lead to significant loss of phylogenetic variation.
Artificial intelligence innovation and stock price crash risk
Authors: Zhang Junru , Cui Chen , Zheng Chen , Taylor Grantley 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the association between artificial intelligence innovation (AII) and stock price crash risk (SPCR). AII serves as a governance mechanism that can bolster strength in internal controls, leading to increased financial transparency and thereby reducing the likelihood of future SPCR. The results hold after accounting for possible endogeneity issues Further, we find that monitoring through corporate governance mechanisms, level of following by equity analysts, and the reduced information asymmetry constitute important channels that mediate the association between AII and SPCR. Additionally, the relationship between AII and SPCR varies across corporate life cycle stages and workplace culture.
Community health worker training on older adults: A qualitative needs assessment
Authors: Spadoni Nora , Baron Aliza , Zavala Elizabeth , Burns Maureen , Draw Kandis , Hernandez Wandy , Bennett Jenil , Gleason Lauren J. , Levine Stacie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health personnel who serve as liaisons between vulnerable patient populations and the healthcare system. They are instrumental in health promotion and education for urban‐dwelling older adults. However, no research exists on training that CHWs receive on age‐friendly health care. This article explores CHW education on the 4Ms of an Age‐Friendly Health System and identifies areas where additional training may be necessary.MethodsAs part of a two‐pronged qualitative needs assessment, four focus groups were held with a total of 17 CHWs and semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 clinicians, including both healthcare providers and social workers. Focus group and interview transcripts were then analyzed for major themes in Dedoose, a qualitative coding software.ResultsClinicians most often identified Mentation and Mobility as areas where CHWs can have the greatest impact. Correspondingly, CHWs felt under‐equipped to assist patients in these areas and expressed strong interest in additional training. In general, CHWs and clinicians agreed that Medications and What Matters do not fall under CHW scope of practice.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the critical role that CHWs can play in promoting the health and well‐being of urban‐dwelling older adults. However, we also demonstrate that many CHWs lack adequate training in age‐friendly care. To meet the social and medical needs of a rapidly aging US population, there is a pertinent need to develop a novel community health worker training curriculum on Mentation and Mobility.