bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Position-AveragedK-,L-, andM-Shell Core-Loss Scattering in STEM
Authors: Zhu Ye , Dwyer Christian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a quantitative comparison between experimental position-averaged core-loss scattering fromK-,L-, andM-shells of various elements and simulations based on a single-particle description of the core-loss process. To facilitate a direct comparison free of adjustable or compensating parameters, we compare absolute scattering cross-sections for zone-axis-aligned crystals whose thicknesses have been measured independently. The results show that the single-particle model accurately predicts the absolute scattering intensity fromK-shells, andL-shells in some cases, but achieves only semi-quantitative agreement forM-shells.
IMRT with concomitant boost versus conventional radiation in the setting of sequential chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Franchin Giovanni , Furlan Carlo , Vaccher Emanuela , Talamini Renato , Gobitti Carlo , Grando Giuseppe , Minatel Emilio , Dassie Andrea , Trovò Mauro Gaetano , Barzan Luigi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of IMRT with concomitant boost simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) compared with conventional radiation in the setting of sequential chemoradiotherapy (induction chemoradiotherapy(ICRT)) for patients with advanced oropharynx cancer (OPC).Materials and methodsA single-institutional retrospective review was conducted on 84 patients (conventional radiation,n= 36; SIB-IMRT,n= 48) with stage III and IV OPC, who underwent definitive ICRT from 2002 to 2012. The study endpoints included overall survival (OS) and locoregional control (LRC).ResultsThe median follow-up of the matched cohorts resulted similar (30 months for 3D-radiation technique versus 37 months for IMRT), and baseline characteristics were generally balanced between the two groups. However, patients managed with conventional radiation were less likely to have positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for staging and to receive induction chemotherapy with TPF. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that OS and LRC were associated with several known prognostic factors, along with radiation modality (SIB-IMRT versus conventional radiation, hazard ratio 0·27,p= 0·004; hazard ratio 0·31,p= 0·006; for OS and LRC, respectively).ConclusionsThe adoption of SIB-IMRTversusconventional radiation may produce a clinical benefit in OS and LRC among patients receiving ICRT for advanced OPC.
Tertiary bark lice (Insecta: Psocodea) from the Insect Limestone (Bembridge Marls, Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK
Authors: Azar Dany 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTLate Eocene fossil Psocodea from the Isle of Wight are studied and classified within three new genera and seven species (Wightipsocus acourti (Cockerell 1921) gen. nov. et n. comb., Wightipsocus intasi gen. et sp. nov., Wightipsocus rossi gen et sp. nov., Awightipsocus jarzembowskii gen. et sp. nov., Awightipsocus megaloi gen. et sp. nov. Awightipsocus minimus gen. et sp. nov. and Wightimicropsocus inexpectatus gen. et sp. nov.) without however attributing them to any family. A key for fossil Psocodea from the Isle of Wight is given.
SU8 ridge-gap waveguide resonator
Authors: Rahiminejad Sofia , Pucci Elena , Haasl Sjoerd , Enoksson Peter 
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we present the first ridge-gap waveguide resonator made with a polymer base. It is designed for the frequency range 220–325 GHz, and is fabricated solely using a Au coated two-layer SU8-based process. The design is based on previous work done with Si. The new process has advantages such as fewer and cheaper process steps. The SU8 ridge-gap waveguide resonator is made in order to obtain attenuation characteristics via the measured Q-factor of the resonator. The ridge-gap waveguide resonator has the same dimensions as the previous one fabricated in Si, and the same thickness of the Au coating. The SU8-based resonator shows an attenuation loss of 0.41 dB/mm at 282.2 GHz compared to the Si-based resonator with an attenuation loss of 0.043 dB/mm at 283.5 GHz. This makes the SU8 process a more cost-effective alternative to the Si process
High-throughput profiling of influenza A virus hemagglutinin gene at single-nucleotide resolution
Authors: Wu Nicholas C. , Young Arthur P. , Al-Mawsawi Laith Q. , Olson C. Anders , Feng Jun , Qi Hangfei , Chen Shu-Hwa , Lu I.-Hsuan , Lin Chung-Yen , Chin Robert G. , Luan Harding H. , Nguyen Nguyen , Nelson Stanley F. , Li Xinmin , Wu Ting-Ting , Sun Ren 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGenetic research on influenza virus biology has been informed in large part by nucleotide variants present in seasonal or pandemic samples, or individual mutants generated in the laboratory, leaving a substantial part of the genome uncharacterized. Here, we have developed a single-nucleotide resolution genetic approach to interrogate the fitness effect of point mutations in 98% of the amino acid positions in the influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Our HA fitness map provides a reference to identify indispensable regions to aid in drug and vaccine design as targeting these regions will increase the genetic barrier for the emergence of escape mutations. This study offers a new platform for studying genome dynamics, structure-function relationships, virus-host interactions and can further rational drug and vaccine design. Our approach can also be applied to any virus that can be genetically manipulated.
Type AII lantibiotic bovicin HJ50 with a rare disulfide bond: structure, structure–activity relationships and mode of action
Authors: Zhang Jie , Feng Yingang , Teng Kunling , Lin Yuheng , Gao Yong , Wang Jinfeng , Zhong Jin 
Published: May 2014

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides containing unusual amino acids. As promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics, they have a high potential for alleviating the problem of emergent antibiotic resistance, with possible applications in many industries that have antibacterial demand. Bovicin HJ50 is a type AII lantibiotic, the largest group of lantibiotics, comprising a linear N-terminal region and a globular C-terminal region. Interestingly, bovicin H50 has a disulfide bond that is rare in this group. Owing to limited information about the spatial structures of type AII lantibiotics, the functional regions of this type and the role of the disulfide bond are still unknown. In the present study, we resolved the solution structure of bovicin HJ50 using NMR spectroscopy. This is the first spatial structure of a type AII lantibiotic. Bovicin HJ50 exhibited high flexibility in aqueous solution, whereas varied rigidities were observed in the different rings with the conserved ring A being the most rigid. The charged residues Lys11, Asp12 and Lys30, as well as the essential disulfide bond were critical for antimicrobial activity. Importantly, bovicin HJ50 showed not only peptidoglycan precursor lipid II-binding ability, but also pore-forming activity, which is significantly different from other bacteriostatic type AII lantibiotics, suggesting a novel antimicrobial mechanism.
Exposure to intrauterine inflammation leads to impaired function and altered structure in the preterm heart of fetal sheep
Authors: Tare Marianne , Bensley Jonathan G. , Moss Timothy J. M. , Lingwood Barbara E. , Kim Min Y. , Barton Samantha K. , Kluckow Martin , Gill Andrew W. , De Matteo Robert , Harding Richard , Black M. Jane , Parkington Helena C. , Polglase Graeme R. 
Published: May 2014

Intrauterine inflammation is a major contributor to preterm birth and has adverse effects on preterm neonatal cardiovascular physiology. Cardiomyocyte maturation occurs in late gestation in species such as humans and sheep. We tested the hypothesis that intrauterine inflammation has deleterious effects on cardiac function in preterm sheep which might be explained by altered cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation. Pregnant ewes received an ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline 7 days prior to delivery at day 127 of pregnancy (term 147 days). Cardiac contractility was recorded in spontaneously beating hearts of the offspring, perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Saline-filled latex balloons were inserted into the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV). Responsiveness to isoprenaline and stop-flow/reperfusion was assessed. In other experiments, hearts were perfusion-fixed, and cardiomyocyte nuclearity, volume and number were determined. β-Adrenoceptor mRNA levels were determined in unfixed tissue. In hearts of LPS-exposed fetuses, contractility in the LV and RV was suppressed by ~40% and cardiomyocyte numbers were reduced by ~25%. Immature mono-nucleated cardiomyocytes had lower volumes (~18%), whereas mature bi-nucleated cardiomyocyte volume was ~77% greater. Although basal coronary flow was significantly increased by 21±7% in LPS-exposed hearts, following ischaemia/reperfusion (IR), end-diastolic pressure was increased 2.4±0.3-fold and infarct area was increased 3.2±0.6-fold compared with those in controls. Maximum responsiveness to isoprenaline was enhanced by LPS, without an increase in β-adrenoceptor mRNA, suggesting altered second messenger signalling. Intrauterine inflammation altered cardiac growth, suppressed contractile function and enhanced responsiveness to stress. Although these effects may ensure immediate survival, they probably contribute to the increased vulnerability of organ perfusion in preterm neonates.
The Role of Primary Caregiver Vocabulary Knowledge in the Development of Bilingual Children's Vocabulary Skills
Authors: Buac Milijana , Gross Megan , Kaushanskaya Margarita 
Published: May 2014

PurposeThe present study examined the impact of environmental factors (socioeconomic status [SES], the percent of language exposure to English and to Spanish, and primary caregivers' vocabulary knowledge) on bilingual children's vocabulary skills.MethodVocabulary skills were measured in 58 bilingual children between the ages of 5 and 7 who spoke Spanish as their native language and English as their second language. Data related to language environment in the home, specifically, the percent of language exposure to each language and SES, were obtained from primary caregiver interviews. Primary caregivers' vocabulary knowledge was measured directly using expressive and receptive vocabulary assessments in both languages.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that primary caregivers' vocabulary knowledge, the child's percent exposure to each language, and SES were robust predictors of children's English, but not Spanish, vocabulary skills.ConclusionThese findings indicate that in the early school ages, primary caregiver vocabulary skills have a stronger impact on bilingual children's second-language than native-language vocabulary.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170465
Group Lidcombe Program Treatment for Early Stuttering: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arnott Simone , Onslow Mark , O'Brian Sue , Packman Ann , Jones Mark , Block Susan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
This study adds to the Lidcombe Program evidence base by comparing individual and group treatment of preschoolers who stutter.

Method
A randomized controlled trial of 54 preschoolers was designed to establish whether group delivery outcomes were not inferior to the individual model. The group arm used a rolling group model, in which a new member entered an existing group each time a vacancy became available. Assessments were conducted prerandomization and 9 months and 18 months postrandomization.

Results
There was no evidence of a difference between treatment arms for measures of weeks or clinic visits required, percent syllables stuttered, or parent severity ratings. However, children in the group arm consumed around half the number of speech-language pathologist hours compared with children treated individually. In addition, children in the group progressed more quickly after the treating speech-language pathologist became more practiced with the group model, suggesting the group results are conservative estimates.

Conclusions
Group delivery of the Lidcombe Program is an efficacious alternative to the individual model. Parents responded favorably to the group model, and the treating speech-language pathologists found group treatment to be more taxing but clinically gratifying.
A structure-specific nucleic acid-binding domain conserved among DNA repair proteins
Authors: Mason Aaron C. , Rambo Robert P. , Greer Briana , Pritchett Michael , Tainer John A. , Cortez David , Eichman Brandt F. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Mutations in SMARCAL1, a DNA remodeling protein fundamental to genome integrity during replication, lead to the developmental disorder Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD). SMARCAL1-deficient cells exhibit collapsed replication forks, S-phase cell cycle arrest, increased chromosomal breaks, hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents, and chromosomal instability. SMARCAL1 facilitates replication restart by catalyzing ATP-dependent fork regression and branch migration, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Here we provide structural and biochemical evidence for a conserved substrate recognition domain in DNA repair enzymes that couples ATP hydrolysis to remodeling of a variety of DNA structures, and provide insight into the role of this domain in replication fork stability and genome integrity.
YY1 is indispensable for Lgr5
+
intestinal stem cell renewal
Authors: Perekatt Ansu O. , Valdez Michael J. , Davila Melanie , Hoffman A. , Bonder Edward M. , Gao Nan , Verzi Michael P. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
A subset of our body’s tissues is continuously renewed through cell division. Tissue-specific stem cells support this tissue turnover, and understanding the mechanisms that control the behavior of these stem cells is important to understanding the health of the tissue. In this work, we identify a novel regulator of the intestinal stem cells. We find that, when the transcription factor YY1 is inactivated, intestinal stem cells can no longer renew themselves. We show that YY1 controls mitochondrial gene expression, and loss of YY1 results in loss of mitochondrial structural integrity. This work, therefore, provides a link between a mitochondrial regulator and stem cell function and broadens our appreciation of metabolic regulation in tissue-specific stem cells.
Mechanistic rationale for targeting the unfolded protein response in pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kharabi Masouleh Behzad , Geng Huimin , Hurtz Christian , Chan Lai N. , Logan Aaron C. , Chang Mi Sook , Huang Chuanxin , Swaminathan Srividya , Sun Haibo , Paietta Elisabeth , Melnick Ari M. , Koeffler Phillip , Müschen Markus 
Published: May 2014

Significance
The unfolded protein response (UPR) mitigates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this regard, ER stress-inducing agents were found to be highly active in a clinical trial for children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a disease derived from transformed pre-B cells. To understand the efficacy of ER stress-inducing agents in pre-B ALL, we studied the relevance of the UPR pathway in genetic and patient-derived (xenograft) models of human pre-B ALL. Our studies revealed an unrecognized vulnerability of both normal pre-B cells and pre-B cell-derived ALL cells to genetic or pharmacological blockade of the UPR pathway. Our results establish a mechanistic rationale for the treatment of children with pre-B ALL with agents that block the UPR pathway and induce ER stress.
The linker connecting the two kringles plays a key role in prothrombin activation
Authors: Pozzi Nicola , Chen Zhiwei , Pelc Leslie A. , Shropshire Daniel B. , Di Cera Enrico 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Deletion of the flexible linker connecting the two kringles of prothrombin reduces the drastic enhancement of thrombin generation by cofactor Va from >3,000-fold observed with wild-type prothrombin to only 60-fold. The change proves that deletion of the linker mimics the effect of cofactor Va on prothrombin activation. The crystal structure of the deletion mutant reveals a contorted conformation where the domains are not vertically stacked, kringle-1 comes close to the protease domain, and the Gla-domain contacts kringle-2. These findings broaden our understanding of a key reaction of the blood coagulation cascade. Cofactor Va enhances activation of prothrombin by altering the architecture of the linker and inducing a conformation similar to the structure of the deletion mutant.
Actos de cortesía valorizadora (cumplidos y halagos) en el cine argentino actual
Authors: Hernández Toribio María Isabel , Deltell Escolar Luis 
Published: May 2014

En este artículo presentamos una revisión terminológica de los conceptos generalizados y vigentes en el ámbito hispano para aludir a un tipo de actos de habla (cumplidosyhalagos) que, a pesar de ser utilizados indistintamente por muchos hablantes e incluso en los estudios de cortesía, presentan diferencias semánticas y pragmáticas interesantes que no se han explicitado convenientemente en la bibliografía. No hemos encontrado al respecto una clara delimitación de los conceptos propuestos en el ámbito hispano.Para ilustrar la distinción teórica propuesta hemos seleccionado algunos ejemplos cinematográficos extraídos de películas argentinas actuales. Aprovecharemos la posibilidad que el cine ofrece de revisar de manera interdisciplinar (desde los estudios lingüísticos de cortesía y los análisis del discurso cinematográfico) estos actos de habla: no solo mostrar su contextualización, sino también las herramientas que ofrece el propio lenguaje cinematográfico para elogiar a los protagonistas de las películas. Un análisis multimodal nos va a permitir constatar el papel que desempeñan en este sentido los recursos no verbales (paralingüísticos, cinésicos y proxémicos), así como los propiamente cinematográficos propios de la puesta en escena.
Applying Intervention Mapping to develop a community-based intervention aimed at improved psychological and social well-being of unmarried teenage mothers in Uganda
Authors: Leerlooijer Joanne N. , Kok Gerjo , Weyusya Joseph , Bos Arjan E. R. , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Rijsdijk Liesbeth E. , Nshakira Nathan , Bartholomew Leona K. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Out-of-wedlock pregnancy among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa is a major concern, because of its association with health, social, psychological, economic and demographic factors. This article describes the development of the Teenage Mothers Project, a community-based intervention to improve psychological and social well-being of unmarried teenage mothers in rural Uganda. We used Intervention Mapping (IM) for systematically developing a theory and evidence-based comprehensive health promotion programme. A planning group consisting of community leaders, teenage mothers, staff of a community-based organization and a health promotion professional was involved in the six steps of IM: needs assessment, programme objectives, methods and applications, intervention design, planning for adoption and implementation and planning for evaluation. The programme includes five intervention components: community awareness raising, teenage mother support groups, formal education and income generation, counselling, and advocacy. The intervention components are based on a variety of theoretical methods, including entertainment education, persuasive communication, mobilization of social networks and social action. In conclusion, IM facilitated the planning group to structure the iterative, bottom-up, participatory design of the project in a real-life setting and to use evidence and theory. The article provides suggestions for the planning of support interventions for unmarried teenage mothers.
Life on the edge: environmental determinants of tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) abundance since its virtual extinction in 1882
Authors: Fisher Jonathan A. D. , Frank Kenneth T. , Petrie Brian , Leggett William C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUnlike many temperate marine species that alter spatial or depth distributions in response to environmental change, tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) has such specific habitat requirements that off the coast of New England, USA, it is restricted to the normally warm-water, upper continental shelf slope, where it excavates and occupies burrows. In 1882, tens of millions of adult tilefish died suddenly following the intrusion of lethally cold Subarctic water into the tilefish habitat. Here we show that the same climate driver implicated in the 1882 event (the North Atlantic Oscillation: NAO) has also affected commercial tilefish landings throughout most of the 20th century by altering slope water temperatures and likely the tilefish's reproductive success. We also show that this temperature–landings relationship broke down in the 1970s coincident with dramatically increased exploitation. Reconstructions of decadal to millennial scale variations in slope water temperatures explain why no mass mortality occurred following the 2010 negative NAO anomaly, despite being similar in magnitude to the NAO anomaly that preceded the 1882 event.
Patient-reported Long-term Cosmetic Outcomes Following Short Fractionation Whole Breast Radiotherapy With Boost
Authors: Chan Elisa K. , Tabarsi Nazlee , Tyldesley Scott , Khan Mohamed , Woods Ryan , Speers Caroline , Weir Lorna 
Published: May 2014

Objectives:
To evaluate the cosmetic effect of a tumor-bed boost after hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI+B) using a patient-reported questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
Between 2000 and 2005, 4392 women aged 75 years and younger with unilateral early-stage breast cancer received HF-WBI alone or HF-WBI+B. From each group, 800 randomly sampled surviving and nonrelapsed women were invited to complete the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcomes Scale questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 312 women completed the questionnaire: 154 received HF-WBI alone and 158 received HF-WBI+B. Median ages of respondents were 57 years for HF-WBI alone and 52 years for HF-WBI+B (P<0.001). Women receiving HF-WBI+B had a shorter follow-up interval, higher T stage, higher grade, and were more likely to have had nodal radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There were similar responses comparing the overall appearance of the treated to untreated breast (42% stating no or slight difference for HF-WBI alone vs. 41% for HF-WBI+B, P=0.87). The HF-WBI+B group was: (a) slightly worse on the cosmetic subscale (2.3 vs. 2.1, P=0.02); (b) worse on the pain subscale (2.0 vs. 1.6, P<0.0001); but (c) better on the functional subscale (1.5 vs. 1.8, P<0.001). When the pain subscale was applied to the area around the scar (a surrogate for the tumor-bed), the 2 groups were similar (2.0 vs. 2.0, P=0.71).

Conclusions:
Similar to conventional fractionated whole breast radiotherapy with a tumor-bed boost, women who received short fractionation whole breast radiotherapy with boost self-report only slightly worse long-term cosmetic and pain outcomes compared with women who received short fractionation alone.