bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hierarchal-Based Approach to Measure Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in At-Risk Populations
Authors: Docherty Paul D. , Chase J. Geoffrey , Te Morenga Lisa , Fisk Liam M. 
Published: May 2014

Background: The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction. Few existing metabolic tests measure both characteristics, and no such tests are inexpensive enough to enable widespread use. Methods: A hierarchical approach uses 2 down-sampled tests in the dynamic insulin sensitivity and secretion test (DISST) family to first determine insulin sensitivity ( SI) using 4 glucose measurements. Second the insulin secretion is determined for only participants with reduced SI using 3 C-peptide measurements from the original test. The hierarchical approach is assessed via its ability to classify 214 individual test responses of 71 females with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes into 5 bins with equivalence to the fully sampled DISST. Results: Using an arbitrary SI cut-off, 102 test responses were reassayed for C-peptide and unique insulin secretion characteristics estimated. The hierarchical approach correctly classified 84.5% of the test responses and 94.4% of the responses of individuals with increased fasting glucose. Conclusions: The hierarchical approach is a low-cost methodology for measuring key characteristics of type 2 diabetes. Thus the approach could provide an economical approach to studying the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, or in early risk screening. As the higher cost test uses the same clinical protocol as the low-cost test, the cost of the additional information is limited to the assay cost of C-peptide, and no additional procedures or callbacks are required.
Validation of ZAP-70 methylation and its relative significance in predicting outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Claus Rainer , Lucas David M. , Ruppert Amy S. , Williams Katie E. , Weng Daniel , Patterson Kara , Zucknick Manuela , Oakes Christopher C. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Greaves Andrew W. , Geyer Susan , Wierda William G. , Brown Jennifer R. , Gribben John G. , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Rai Kanti R. , Kay Neil E. , Kipps Thomas J. , Shields Peter , Zhao Weiqiang , Grever Michael R. , Plass Christoph , Byrd John C. 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
Methylation analysis at ZAP-70 CpG+223 in CLL provides superior prognostic information vs IGHV status or CD38 or ZAP-70 expression. A pyrosequencing method for the feasible assessment of CpG+223 methylation in CLL samples is provided.
Wide-neck renal artery aneurysm: parenchymal sparing endovascular treatment with a new device
Authors: Rossi Michele , Varano Gianluca Maria , Orgera Gianluigi , Rebonato Alberto , Laurino Florindo , De Nunzio Cosimo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Renal artery aneurysm is a rare disorder with a high mortality rate in the event of rupture, the most frequent complication, which can also occur in lesions smaller than those indicated for treatment by current criteria. Surgery is still the first-line treatment, although a growing trend toward endovascular management of visceral artery aneurysms has emerged because of the high efficacy and low invasiveness that has been demonstrated by several authors. Treatment of wide-necked aneurysms and, depending on location, those at renal artery bifurcations or distal branches is more complex and may require invasive surgical techniques, such as bench surgery.

Case presentation
We describe the successful use of a new neurointerventional coil to treat an enlarging wide-necked segmental-branch renal aneurysm in an elderly woman who was not a candidate for surgery because of several comorbidities.

Conclusions
The technique described allowed safe, successful treatment of a wide-necked aneurysm in an unfavorable vascular territory, reducing the risk of downstream artery embolization and consequent parenchymal damage and decreased renal function. In similar cases, other endovascular devices have often proven to be ineffective at nephron sparing. To validate the safety and efficacy of this system, more cases treated in this manner should be studied.
The 3,000 rice genomes project
Authors:   The 3,000 rice genomes project
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Rice, Oryza sativa L., is the staple food for half the world's population. By 2030, the production of rice must increase by at least 25% in order to keep up with global population growth and demand. Accelerated genetic gains in rice improvement are needed to mitigate the effects of climate change and loss of arable land, as well as to ensure a stable global food supply.

Findings
We resequenced a core collection of 3,000 rice accessions from 89 countries. All 3,000 genomes had an average sequencing depth of 14×, with average genome coverages and mapping rates of 94.0% and 92.5%, respectively. From our sequencing efforts, approximately 18.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in rice were discovered when aligned to the reference genome of the temperate japonica variety, Nipponbare. Phylogenetic analyses based on SNP data confirmed differentiation of the O. sativa gene pool into 5 varietal groups – indica, aus/boro, basmati/sadri, tropical japonica and temperate japonica.

Conclusions
Here, we report an international resequencing effort of 3,000 rice genomes. This data serves as a foundation for large-scale discovery of novel alleles for important rice phenotypes using various bioinformatics and/or genetic approaches. It also serves to understand the genomic diversity within O. sativa at a higher level of detail. With the release of the sequencing data, the project calls for the global rice community to take advantage of this data as a foundation for establishing a global, public rice genetic/genomic database and information platform for advancing rice breeding technology for future rice improvement.
Hyaluronidase injection for the treatment of eyelid edema: a retrospective analysis of 20 patients
Authors: Hilton Said , Schrumpf Holger , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Bölke Edwin , Gerber Peter Arne 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronidase (Hylase Dessau®) is a hyaluronic acid-metabolizing enzyme, which has been shown to loosen the extracellular matrix, thereby improving the diffusion of local anesthetics. Lower eyelid edema is a common post-interventional complication of cosmetic procedures performed in the lid region, such as the injection of hyaluronic acid fillers for tear-trough augmentation. The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of hyaluronidase in the management of lower eyelid edema.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis with 20 patients with lower eyelid edema. Most patients (n = 14) presented with edema following hyaluronic acid injection (tear-trough augmentation), whereas the minority (n = 6) were treated due to idiopathic edema (malar edema or malar mounds). Patients were treated by local infiltration of approximately 0.2 ml to 0.5 ml of hyaluronidase (Hylase Dessau® 20 IU to 75 IU) per eyelid. Photographs were taken prior to and seven days after infiltration.

Results
Hyaluronidase was found to reduce effectively and rapidly or resolve eyelid edema after a single injection. No relevant adverse effects were observed. However, it must be noted that a hyaluronidase injection may also dissolve injected hyaluronic acid fillers and may therefore negatively affect tear-trough augmentations. While the effects of a treatment for edema due to tear-trough augmentation were permanent, malar edema and malar mounds reoccurred within two to three weeks.

Conclusion
The infiltration of hyaluronidase is rapid, safe and currently the only effective option for the management of eyelid edema. No relevant adverse effects were observed.
Ambient x-ray pollution assessment at inspection gates of airports- a case study of Mehrabad and Imam Khomeini Airports in Iran
Authors: Pourtaghi Gholamhossein , Valipour Firouz , Nourian Sepideh , Mofidi Amirabbas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
As a well-known, physical carcinogen, ambient X-ray pollution assessment would be of great importance in today’s modern world. Accordingly, the present study was done to measure the exposure level of ambient X-ray at inspection gates of two airports in Iran. According to which, the X-ray was measured at different points of the inspection gates including closed and opened Curtain, as well as seating place of operators beside the X-ray inspection systems. The recorded data were then analyzed by “sign” and t-tests.

Results
The total average exposure level of the measured x-ray was 2.68 ± 0.73 μsv.h-1. The measured x-ray exposure level was 2.07 ± 0.61 (μsv.h-1) released from RAPISCAN X-ray inspection system and 3.3 ± 1.34 (μsv.h-1) emitted from HEIMANN X-ray inspection system. Comparison of average x-ray doses of the systems in both airports showed that the minimum and maximum exposure levels were recorded at 1(m) far from the devices and at the entrance of the devices, respectively.

Conclusions
The exposure levels at all measurement points were lower than the occupational exposure limit. This reveals the fact that the exposed operators are not probably at risk of adverse health effects.
The association of family food security and depression in mothers having primary school children in Ray-Iran
Authors: Payab Moloud , Motlagh Ahmad-reza Dorosty , Eshraghian Mohammadreza , Rostami Reza , Siassi Fereydoun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background
As a major public health problem, food insecurity has adverse social and psychological effects, in addition to the impact on public health. This study aimed to determine the association of household food security and depression in mothers with primary school children in Ray County.

Methods
This descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 430 mothers with primary school children in the spring 2010. During a two-stage cluster sampling, an 18-items food security questionnaire (USDA) and the Beck depression inventory were completed via interviewing mothers. Chi-squared test, one-way analysis of variance, simple regression and stepwise multiple regression were used to describe and analyze data, and to identify related factors using SPSS-16 software.

Results
The prevalence of food insecurity and depression in mothers were 50.2% and 51.4% respectively. Also 34.6% of mothers in the "food secure" group were depressed and 77.8% in "food insecure with hunger" group were depressed and this difference was statistically significant. Twelve out of the 20 examined variables (age, family size, number of children, economic status, home ownership, employment households, educational level of the mother and also the head of household, height, energy intake, and carbohydrate and protein intakes) were significantly associated with food security and depression. Food insecurity and depression in mothers with primary school children in Ray County showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The prevalence of household food insecurity and depression in the studied population were high. Since there is a significant relationship between food insecurity and depression, more attention must be paid to this group.
Circulating tumor DNA moves further into the spotlight
Authors: Sausen Mark , Parpart Sonya , Diaz Luis A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAssessment of somatic genomic alterations from tumors can now be performed by sequencing circulating tumor DNA from the cell-free component of blood. This procedure, which identifies tumor-derived somatic mutations from a simple blood sample, circumvents the need for tumor tissue. A recent study highlights the promise of circulating tumor DNA to guide therapeutic decisions in a variety of solid tumors for both clinical and investigative purposes, as well as providing a tool for the early detection of cancer.
Lenalidomide and Rituximab for the Initial Treatment of Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Multicenter Clinical-Translational Study From the Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research Consortium
Authors: James Danelle F. , Werner Lillian , Brown Jennifer R. , Wierda William G. , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Castro Januario E. , Greaves Andrew , Johnson Amy J. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Rai Kanti R. , Neuberg Donna , Kipps Thomas J. 
Published: May 2014

PurposeLenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent with therapeutic activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In preclinical models, lenalidomide acted synergistically with rituximab. The CLL Research Consortium initiated a phase II study to evaluate this combination in treatment-naive patients.Patients and MethodsLenalidomide was initiated at 2.5 mg/day and was escalated based on treatment tolerability to a maximum of 10 mg/day, for 21 days/cycle, for a maximum of seven cycles. Rituximab was administered at the end of cycle 1 and was continued for seven cycles. Patients received allopurinol and aspirin for prophylaxis.ResultsSixty-nine patients enrolled onto one of two age-specific strata; patients' median age was 56 and 70 years for arms A and B, respectively. Patients in the older-patient stratum more frequently had elevated serum beta-2 microglobulin levels, high-risk Rai stage, and were less likely to complete the maximum planned therapy. Adverse events were similar in the two arms. Nonhematologic toxicity was predominantly at grade 1/2, and neutropenia was the most common hematologic adverse event. The response rate for arm A was 95%, with 20% complete responses (CRs) and 20% nodular partial responses. Of arm B patients, 78% achieved a response, of which 11% were CRs. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 19 months for the younger cohort and 20 months for the older cohort.ConclusionIntrapatient dose-escalation was safe. The majority of patients reached the maximum lenalidomide dose and experienced a response to a defined seven-cycle course of lenalidomide and rituximab therapy. Despite differences in baseline characteristics and the response rate between the two strata, the PFS did not differ.
Using Akaike's information theoretic criterion in mixed-effects modeling of pharmacokinetic data: a simulation study
Authors: Olofsen Erik , Dahan Albert 
Published: May 2014

Akaike's information theoretic criterion for model discrimination (AIC) is often stated to "overfit", i.e., it selects models with a higher dimension than the dimension of the model that generated the data. However, with experimental pharmacokinetic data it may not be possible to identify the correct model, because of the complexity of the processes governing drug disposition. Instead of trying to find the correct model, a more useful objective might be to minimize the prediction error of drug concentrations in subjects with unknown disposition characteristics. In that case, the AIC might be the selection criterion of choice.We performed Monte Carlo simulations using a model of pharmacokinetic data (a power function of time) with the property that fits with common multi-exponential models can never be perfect - thus resembling the situation with real data. Prespecified models were fitted to simulated data sets, and AIC and AICc (the criterion with a correction for small sample sizes) values were calculated and averaged. The average predictive performances of the models, quantified using simulated validation sets, were compared to the means of the AICs. The data for fits and validation consisted of 11 concentration measurements each obtained in 5 individuals, with three degrees of interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic volume of distribution.Mean AICc corresponded very well, and better than mean AIC, with mean predictive performance. With increasing interindividual variability, there was a trend towards larger optimal models, but with respect to both lowest AICc and best predictive performance. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean square prediction error itself became less suitable as a validation criterion, and that a predictive performance measure should incorporate interindividual variability.This simulation study showed that, at least in a relatively simple mixed effects modelling context with a set of prespecified models, minimal mean AICc corresponded to best predictive performance even in the presence of relatively large interindividual variability.
IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS CAUSING NITRIDATION OF CRUDE STEEL IN BOF BEFORE TAPPING
Authors: Buľko Branislav , Demeter Jaroslav , Kijac Jozef , Demeter Peter 
Published: May 2014

Determination of factors and measuring their impact on the amount of nitrogen in the metal is key attribute when optimizing technological and operational measures tending to minimize, respectively prevent of the final steel nitridization. Knowing the rate of influence of individual factors on the nitrogen content in the metal is crucial in dealing with prediction of the quantity for the production and processing stages of steel production in a closed production cycle. In this paper, factors determining nitrogen content in crude steel before tapping, using Cohen´s distribution table and graphical expression are presented. Influence of after-blows on nitrogen content is well known, but there are other factors which affect steel nitridization before tapping from oxygen converter.
Everyday creativity in design process
Authors: Lloyd Peter , Jones Derek 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The study of creativity in design has tended to emphasize its value and location in the individual designer as part of a statistically outlying population rather than as a normal characteristic of an entire population. Theories of creativity have generally stressed either its mysterious, gift-like qualities to an individual or as a constructed relationship between consumer and designer. This article, in developing a third view of creativity in design as a ‘normal’ phenomenon, describes a study of 1038 student design assignments obtained from a distance-learning course in Design Thinking. The article shows how normal distributions of design outputs can result from a large population following a structured design process. We argue that the creativity displayed is a natural result of the ‘grammar’ of that process. Seen in this way creativity becomes less of an individual ‘gift’ to a select minority, as generally understood, but an everyday occurrence to problems of design.
On Minimum Phase
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Wirth Fabian 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We discuss the concept of `minimum phase' for scalar semi Hurwitz
transfer functions. The latter are rational functions where the
denominator polynomial has its roots in the closed left half complex
plane. In the present note, minimum phase is defined in terms of the
derivative of the argument function of the transfer function. The
main tool to characterize minimum phase is the Hurwitz reflection.
The factorization of a weakly stable transfer function into an
all-pass and a minimum phase system leads to the result that any semi
Hurwitz transfer function is minimum phase if, and only if, its
numerator polynomial is semi Hurwitz. To characterize the zero
dynamics, we use the Byrnes-Isidori form in the time domain and the
internal loop form in the frequency domain. The uniqueness of both
forms is shown. This is used to show in particular that asymptotic
stable zero dynamics of a minimal realization of a transfer function
yields minimum phase, but not vice versa.
Mathematische Modellierung des thermischen Verdampfungsverhaltens organischer
Halbleiter
Authors: Steinberger Martin , Horn Martin , Jakopič Georg 
Published: May 2014

Zusammenfassung
Organische elektronische Bauelemente wie z. B. Dünnfilmtransistoren
werden üblicherweise durch thermische Verdampfung organischer
Halbleitermaterialien aus einer Effusionszelle im Hochvakuum
hergestellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein mathematisches Modell
einer Beschichtungsanlage entwickelt, welches das instationäre
Verdampfungsverhalten der Halbleiter, das thermische Verhalten der
Effusionszelle sowie das Wachstum dünner Schichten beschreibt. Das
Modell soll als Grundlage für modellbasierte Reglerentwürfe dienen.
Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib on phenolsulfonphthalein disposition in rats
Authors: Honjo Hiroaki , Uwai Yuichi , Nabekura Tomohiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib was shown to have the strong inhibitory potencies on the renal organic anion transporter (OAT)1 and also on OAT3 from drug transport experiments. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lumiracoxib on disposition of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) – which is mainly excreted into urine via OATs – from in vivo experiments. After the intravenous injection of PSP and lumiracoxib into rats, pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. After the intravenous injection of PSP as a bolus, its plasma concentration decreased time-dependently. Until 60 min after the injection, 51.1% of the dose was recovered into urine. The simultaneous administration of lumiracoxib increased the plasma levels of PSP and reduced its urinary recovery to 23.6% of the dose. The pharmacokinetic analysis using a two-compartment model exhibited that lumiracoxib affected the parameters implying the elimination of PSP. The present study demonstrates that lumiracoxib interfered with urinary excretion of PSP in rats.
Ein großes Werk zum Abschluss bringen
Authors: Gerhardt Volker , Karl Jacqueline , Esser Andrea Marlen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
After a short history of the Akademie-Ausgabe der Werke Immanuel Kants, it is shown that the edition is incomplete in some essential parts: The central topic of the first part of the article is the Opus postumum. Here we have a new critical transcription which differs not only in the composition but even in many details. The second project is focused on Nachschriften of Kant’s lectures on Physische Geographie. The three volumes will show that Kant continually actualized the material for this complex area of problems, for which he presented the outlines of a new academic discipline (as he did too in his Anthropology). The other central topic is the new edition of the three Critiques. The second part of the article demonstrates principle steps of critical editing using the example of Kant’s third Critique, the Critique of Judgment.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Das Editionsprojekt der Gesammelten Werke
Authors: Jaeschke Walter , Bauer Christoph J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The edition of the Corpus Hegelianum by disciples and friends of Hegel (1832 ff.) was an enormous achievement. It nevertheless shows grave shortcomings due to its instrumental usage in the disputes of that time. Thus since 1968 the Corpus is being replaced by the new edition “Hegel: Gesammelte Werke”. This edition contains Hegel’s published and posthumous works (vols. 1-22) as well as the transcripts of his lectures (vols. 23-30, in several fascicles). Taking Hegel’s “Lecture on the Philosophy of Subjective Spirit” as an example, part II of this paper presents the transcripts as conveying an abundance of novel texts, which, furnished with explicative annotations, can give us new insights into the ‘Berliner Hegel’.
Leben Herstellen
Authors: Rödl Sebastian 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
It is widely believed that we might be able produce life out of nonliving substances if we possessed the relevant knowledge. Thus synthetic biology is said to be on the way towards artificial life. But this is nonsense: “artificial life” cannot be thought. The idea that biological organisms could be produced reflects a misunderstandig of the concept “life”. Life is formally characterized by the fact that that which in the case of artifacts is three distinct activities - being something, producing it, and using it - is one. For a living being, to be is to be the source of its own activity through its own activity. Hence, if there is an activity of producing distinct from being what is produced - as would have to be the case in artificial life - what is thus produced is not life.