bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is poly(propylene carbonate) biodegradable? Synthesis of poly(propylene carbonate)‐containing star and block copolymers and comprehensive investigation on their biodegradation
Authors: Yang Hee‐Seong , Cho Woo Yeon , Seo Yeong Hyun , Chae Ju‐Hyung , Lee Pyung Cheon , Lee Bun Yeoul , Lee In‐Hwan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStoring CO2 and converting it into valuable substances are crucial for addressing climate change. While poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), formed through the copolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide, holds promise in commercial applications, practical limitations arise due to inherent property constraints. Additionally, the lack of systematic research on PPC biodegradation complicates its post‐use disposal. In this study, we synthesized various polymers, including PPC homopolymers, PPC/castor oil star copolymers, and PPC/poly(l‐lactic acid) multiblock copolymers (PPC‐mb‐PLLAs), not only to mitigate the brittle properties of PPC but also to systematically explore their biodegradability. Both natural soil and industrial composting conditions were employed to assess the biodegradation of the polymers. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis identified the microorganisms responsible for polymer degradation, offering valuable insights into the mechanism of the biodegradation process.
Space‐resolved gas temperature of a microwave plasma torch used for hydrogen production via methane pyrolysis
Authors: Kreuznacht Simon , Böke Marc , von Keudell Achim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPyrolysis of methane is a promising, new, greenhouse gas‐free production method of hydrogen. Here, we present optical emission spectra of a microwave plasma torch operated in an argon–methane mixture. Detailed spatial resolution is achieved by means of Abel inversion. The emission spectra are dominated by dicarbon Swan bands and black body radiation from carbon nanoparticles. Both spectral features are utilized to estimate the gas temperature. In the center of the plasma, gas temperatures of up to 4300 K are reached with large gradients (500 Kmm‐1) in the radial direction. The thermal equilibrium chemistry and the kinetics of methane pyrolysis are analyzed to explain the observed coupling between the local gas temperature and the local emission.
Nanosecond pulse plasma activation of micron‐sized mist droplets
Authors: lan Cuntao , Yin Yuran , Liu Dawei , Lu Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlasma‐activated mist (PAM) has seen increasingly widespread applications in areas such as surface disinfection and fog cultivation. The high‐resolution time diagnostics of ns pulse plasma interacting with micron‐sized droplets under high‐humidity conditions is challenging to achieve with existing experimental methods. This paper employs a global model to study the interaction between plasma and droplets, offering a detailed analysis of the plasma's transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. It was discovered that in high‐humidity environments, hydrated ions become the predominant ion species. These acidic active substances in PAM droplets are the primary factors in the mist's ability to kill bacteria. The paper further examines how variations in droplet size and discharge voltage influence the PAM's activity.
Whole genome sequencing enhances molecular diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Black Holly A. , de Proce Sophie Marion , Campos Jose L. , Meynert Alison , Halachev Mihail , Marsh Joseph A. , Hirst Robert A. , O'Callaghan Chris , Shoemark Amelia , Toddie‐Moore Daniel ,   Scottish Genomes Partnership, Santoyo‐Lopez Javier , Murray Jennie , Macleod Kenneth , Urquhart Don S. , Unger Stefan , Aitman Timothy J. , Mill Pleasantine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder affecting motile cilia. Most cases are inherited recessively, due to variants in >50 genes that result in abnormal or absent motile cilia. This leads to chronic upper and lower airway disease, subfertility, and laterality defects. Given overlapping clinical features and genetic heterogeneity, diagnosis can be difficult and often occurs late. Of those tested an estimated 30% of genetically screened PCD patients still lack a molecular diagnosis. A molecular diagnosis allows for appropriate clinical management including prediction of phenotypic features correlated to genotype. Here, we aimed to identify how readily a genetic diagnosis could be made using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to facilitate identification of pathogenic variants in known genes as well as novel PCD candidate genes.MethodsWGS was used to screen for pathogenic variants in eight patients with PCD.Results7/8 cases had homozygous or biallelic variants in DNAH5, DNAAF4 or DNAH11 classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Three identified variants were deletions, ranging from 3 to 13 kb, for which WGS identified precise breakpoints, permitting confirmation by Sanger sequencing. WGS yielded identification of a de novo variant in a novel PCD gene TUBB4B.ConclusionHere, WGS uplifted genetic diagnosis of PCD by identifying structural variants and novel modes of inheritance in new candidate genes. WGS could be an important component of the PCD diagnostic toolkit, increasing molecular diagnostic yield from current (70%) levels, and enhancing our understanding of fundamental biology of motile cilia and variants in the noncoding genome.
Data‐based distributed consensus optimal control for nonlinear multi‐agent systems under switching topology
Authors: Xu Ying , Li Kewen , Li Yongming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the issue of data‐based distributed consensus optimal control for a class of affine nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) under switching topology with external disturbances. With the help of the game theory, the distributed adaptive optimal consensus control issue can be formulated into a zero‐sum (ZM) game problem. In control design, a data‐based integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm is used to solve the coupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaac (HJI) equation with unknown drift dynamics. Meanwhile, to relax the persistent excitation (PE) condition in the traditional optimal control design, the experience replay (ER) technique is introduced. Combining IRL algorithm and single critic neural network (NN), a distributed adaptive optimal consensus control approach is designed. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by combining the Lyapunov stability theory and the average dwell time method. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed optimal consensus control approach.
Indomethacin Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents ‐ Daybreak of New Epoch
Authors: Gogic Andjela , Vesovic Marina , Nedeljkovic Nikola , Nikolic Milos , Jurisevic Milena , Zdravkovic Nebojsa , Zivanovic Ana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are extensively prescribed pharmaceutical agents worldwide. Due to their analgesic, antipyretic, and anti‐inflammatory properties, they are used in clinical practice for the treatment of numerous inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of action primarily involves the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis mediated by cyclooxygenases (COX), key enzymes of the inflammatory cascade. Indomethacin, a non‐selective derivative of indole‐3‐acetic acid exhibits diverse mechanisms to exert its anti‐tumor effects, including angiogenesis suppression, induction of apoptosis, and reduction of tumorigenesis through immune modulation. Numerous studies suggest that derivatives of indomethacin may inhibit cell proliferation and reduce levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins through COX‐independent mechanisms. Given the diverse potential mechanisms through which indomethacin impacts cancer progression, this review provides an overview of structural analogs that possess antitumor activity and outlines future directions in developing new candidates that may have substantial efficacy in cancer therapy.
Rewiring the organizational network: Corporate offsites and network tie formation
Authors: Kneeland Madeline K. , Kleinbaum Adam M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch SummarySocial networks are integral to collaborative work, but research on network change has shed little light on the mechanisms firms use to stimulate collaborative network ties among their employees. In this study, we examine the effects of corporate offsites on the evolution of social networks within an organization. We find that offsites lead to rewiring of intraorganizational networks, but with a surprising asymmetry: they stimulate everyone to initiate more collaboration ties, but only those who attend the offsite receive more ties. These results are consistent with a conceptualization of offsites as direct interventions that focus on social interactions for those who attend, but also as indirect interventions that signal the value of collaboration to everyone, even those who do not attend.Managerial SummaryCorporate offsites are events that convene people from across a firm to interact outside their regular work environment. Despite their popularity, this article offers the first data‐driven analysis of their effectiveness in promoting collaboration among employees. Offsites facilitate employees' awareness of who knows what, build trust, and foster interpersonal affect among employees. This study shows that offsites have a dual effect on the social network of an organization: they prompt everyone in the firm to initiate more collaborative ties following an offsite, but those who actually attend the offsite attract more of those collaborative tie requests. Therefore, offsites can be a useful tool to boost collaboration—with benefits accruing both to the individuals whose networks grow and to the firm in which they work.
Hydrophobic Multilayered PEG@PAN/MXene/PVDF@SiO2 Composite Film with Excellent Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding for Electronic Devices
Authors: Lin Jiahui , Huang Jintao , Guo Zhanhu , Xu Ben Bin , Cao Yan , Ren Juanna , Hou Hua , Xiao Yongshuang , Elashiry Mustafa , El‐Bahy Zeinhom M. , Min Yonggang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of electronic industry, it's pressing to develop multifunctional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to ensure the stable operation of electronic devices. Herein, multilayered flexible PEG@PAN/MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/PVDF@SiO2 (PMF) composite film has been constructed from the level of microstructure design via coaxial electrospinning, coating spraying, and uniaxial electrospinning strategies. Benefiting from the effective encapsulation for PEG and high conductivity of MXene coating, PEG@PAN/MXene composite film with MXene coating loading density of 0.70 mg cm−2 exhibits high thermal energy storage density of 120.77 J g−1 and great EMI shielding performance (EMI SE of 34.409 dB and SSE of 49.086 dB cm3 g−1) in X‐band (8–12 GHz). Therefore, this advanced composite film can not only help electronic devices prevent the influence of electromagnetic pollution in the X‐band but also play an important role in electronic device thermal management. Additionally, the deposition of nano PVDF@SiO2 fibers (289 ± 128 nm) endowed the PMF composite film with great hydrophobic properties (water contact angle of 126.5°) to ensure the stable working of hydrophilic MXene coating, thereby breaks the limitation of humid application environments. The finding paves a new way for the development of novel multifunctional EMI shielding composite films for electronic devices.
A blockchain‐based trusted vehicle service recommendation scheme in intelligent transport systems
Authors: Chen Jinglong , Lu He , Xu Wenxuan , Yang Yang , Amoon Mohammed , Kumari Saru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntelligent transportation systems usually use distributed storage to improve the access efficiency of the system. However, this type of storage makes it difficult to share data in different databases and faces the problem of data silos. Meanwhile, the lack of security protection of vehicle nodes in the network suffers from the problem of low data trustworthiness. To address the above challenges, this paper proposes a road‐vehicle dynamic shareable blockchain (RV‐DSB) system architecture. The architecture effectively ensures the integrity of vehicle data by combining blockchain and digital signature algorithms. In addition, we utilize a subjective logic model to manage the trust value of vehicles and propose a trust value‐based road‐vehicle data sharing scheme to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme through a case study.
Preliminary study on the efficacy of ryokeijutsukanto in the management of orthostatic dysregulation: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hirasawa Kazuhiro , Oikawa Tetsuro , Inagaki Taro , Ogawa Yasuo , Kondo Takahito , Tsukahara Kiyoaki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis prospective observational study aimed to investigate the effects of ryokeijutsukanto on dizziness in patients with orthostatic dysregulation (OD) and explore its potential to address diverse symptoms resulting from autonomic dysfunction. This study also aimed to identify the factors contributing to the effectiveness of ryokeijutsukanto in managing OD.MethodsPatients diagnosed with OD were treated with ryokeijutsukanto between February 4, 2022 and April 1, 2024. Patients underwent various assessments and completed questionnaires, including the Vertigo Symptom Scale‐Short Form (VSS‐sf), Dizziness Handicap Inventory, Visual Analog Scale, and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale before and after treatment. The differences in these scores were analyzed based on age, sex, qi counterflow, and fluid disturbance.ResultsA total of eight patients were enrolled in the study; five cases had orthostatic hypotension and three had Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Qi counterflow was observed in three cases and fluid disturbance was in six cases. Patients less than 40 years of age showed significantly higher improvement in the VSS‐sf scores than older patients, suggesting age‐based differences in treatment outcomes.ConclusionThis study did not find significant improvements in the various assessments used after ryokeijutsukanto treatment for OD. However, age‐based analysis indicated that the treatment may be more effective in younger patients. These results should be interpreted with caution, considering the limited sample size. Further research with larger cohorts is required to validate these findings. This study also acknowledges the need for larger multicenter studies to explore the potential benefits of ryokeijutsukanto in managing OD.
High‐output heart failure secondary to severe chronic anaemia in a dog
Authors: Goya Seijirow , Maruyama Haruhiko , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, 4.8‐kg, entire, male Papillon dog presented because of anaemia and polyuria‐polydipsia for 2 months before presentation and sudden dyspnoea. Haematological examination revealed severe non‐regenerative anaemia. Thoracic radiography revealed pulmonary oedema and cardiac enlargement. Echocardiography showed no obvious structural cardiac abnormalities; however, the left ventricular preload and cardiac output were high, and the systemic vascular resistance was low. The dog was diagnosed with high‐output heart failure secondary to non‐regenerative anaemia. Fresh whole blood transfusion following the treatment of congestive heart failure using diuretics and supplemental oxygen was performed. After 5 days, the high‐output heart failure had markedly improved and the clinical signs had resolved; therefore, bone marrow cytological examination was performed, and the patient was diagnosed as presumed pure red cell aplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of naturally occurring high‐output heart failure secondary to severe chronic anaemia in dogs.
Implementation and Validation of a Generalized Actuator Disk Parameterization for Wind Turbine Simulations Within the FastEddy Model
Authors: Sanchez Gomez M. , Muñoz‐Esparza D. , Sauer J. A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTFast and accurate large‐eddy simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer plays a crucial role in advancing wind energy research. Long‐duration wind farm studies at turbine‐resolving scales have become increasingly important to understand the intricate interactions between large wind farms and the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the prohibitive computational cost of these turbulence‐ and turbine‐resolving simulations has precluded such modeling to be exercised on a regular basis. To that end, we implement and validate the generalized actuator disk (GAD) model in the computationally efficient, graphics processing unit (GPU)–resident, LES model FastEddy. We perform single‐turbine simulations under three atmospheric stabilities (neutral, unstable, and stable) and compare them against observations from the Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) facility and other LES codes from the recent Wakebench turbine wake model benchmark. Our idealized LES results agree well with observed wake velocity deficit and downstream recovery across stability regimes. Turbine response in terms of rotational speed, generated power, torque, and thrust coefficient are well predicted across stability regimes and are consistent with the LES results from the benchmark. The FastEddy simulations are found to be at least two orders of magnitude more efficient than the traditional CPU‐based LES models, opening the door for realistic LES simulations of full wind plants as a viable standard practice.
Computing NMHV gravity amplitudes at infinity
Authors: Belayneh Dawit , Cachazo Freddy , Leon Pablo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this note we show how the solutions to the scattering equations in the NMHV sector fully decompose into subsectors in the z → ∞ limit of a Risager deformation. Each subsector is characterized by the punctures that coalesce in the limit. This naturally decomposes the E(n − 3, 1) solutions into sets characterized by partitions of n − 3 elements so that exactly one subset has more than one element. We present analytic expressions for the leading order of the solutions in an expansion around infinite z for any n. We also give a simple algorithm for numerically computing arbitrarily high orders in the same expansion. As a consequence, one has the ability to compute Yang-Mills and gravity amplitudes purely from this expansion around infinity. Moreover, we present a new analytic computation of the residue at infinity of the n = 12 NMHV tree-level gravity amplitude which agrees with the results of Conde and Rajabi. In fact, we present the analytic form of the leading order in 1/z of the Cachazo-Skinner-Mason/CHY formula for graviton amplitudes for each subsector and to all multiplicity. As a byproduct of the all-order algorithm, one has access to the numerical value of the residue at infinity for any n and hence to the corrected CSW (or MHV) expansion for NMHV gravity amplitudes.
Outcome of intraoperative brachytherapy as a salvage treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Stoian Raluca , Neeff Hannes P. , Gainey Mark , Kollefrath Michael , Kirste Simon , Zamboglou Constantinos , Exner Jan Philipp Harald , Baltas Dimos , Fichtner Feigl Stefan , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Sprave Tanja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Locally advanced recurrent rectal cancer (RRC) requires a multimodal approach. Intraoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) may reduce the risk of local recurrence. However, the optimal therapeutic regimen remains unclear. The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was to evaluate the toxicity of HDR-BT after resection of RRC.

Methods
Between 2018 and 2022, 17 patients with RRC received resection and HDR-BT. HDR-BT was delivered alone or as an anticipated boost with a median dose of 13 Gy (range 10–13 Gy) using an 192iridium microSelectron HDR remote afterloader (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). All participants were followed for assessment of acute and late adverse events using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 and the modified Late Effects in Normal Tissues criteria (subjective, objective, management, and analytic; LENT-SOMA) at 3‑ to 6‑month intervals.

Results
A total of 17 patients were treated by HDR-BT with median dose of 13 Gy (range 10–13 Gy). Most patients (47%) had an RRC tumor stage of cT3‑4 N0. At the time of RRC diagnosis, 7 patients (41.2%) had visceral metastases (hepatic, pulmonary, or peritoneal) in the sense of oligometastatic disease. The median interval between primary tumor resection and diagnosis of RRC was 17 months (range 1–65 months). In addition to HDR-BT, 2 patients received long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT; up to 50.4 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) and 2 patients received short-course CRT up to 36 Gy in 2‑Gy fractions. For concomitant CRT, all patients received 5‑fluorouracil (5-FU) or capecitabine. Median follow-up was 13 months (range 1–54). The most common acute grade 1–2 toxicities were pain in 7 patients (41.2%), wound healing disorder in 3 patients (17.6%), and lymphedema in 2 patients (11.8%). Chronic toxicities were similar: grade 1–2 pain in 7 patients (41.2%), wound healing disorder in 3 patients (17.6%), and incontinence in 2 patients (11.8%). No patient experienced a grade ≥3 event.

Conclusion
Reirradiation using HDR-BT is well tolerated with low toxicity. An individualized multimodality approach using HDR-BT in the oligometastatic setting should be evaluated in prospective multi-institutional studies.
Einsamkeit als Gesundheitsrisiko: Eine narrative Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Buecker Susanne , Neuber Anne 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungEinsamkeit wird zunehmend als bedeutendes Gesundheitsrisiko anerkannt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst den aktuellen Stand der Forschung zusammen, indem sie die Auswirkungen von Einsamkeit auf die psychische und körperliche Gesundheit beleuchtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Einsamkeit sowohl für die psychische als auch für die körperliche Gesundheit ein Risiko darstellt. Bisherige Übersichtsarbeiten zu den Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit zeigen, dass Einsamkeit insbesondere den Beginn einer Depression, einer sozialen Phobie und den Abbau kognitiver Funktionen vorhersagt. Außerdem kann Einsamkeit die Erholung von psychischen Störungen im Allgemeinen erschweren, was unter anderem auf den bidirektionalen Zusammenhang zwischen Einsamkeit und psychischer Gesundheit zurückgeführt werden kann. In Bezug auf körperliche Erkrankungen wurden bisher vor allem Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen als Folge von Einsamkeit untersucht. Einsamkeit sagt das Auftreten von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen vorher und kann die Genesung von diesen erschweren. Übersichtsarbeiten zeigen zudem, dass Einsamkeit die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Suizidalität und Mortalität erhöht. Es wird jedoch auch auf den Mangel an Längsschnittstudien hingewiesen, der es erschwert, die kausale Wirkrichtung von Einsamkeit auf spätere Gesundheitseinschränkungen zu untersuchen. Die in dieser Übersichtsarbeit aufgezeigten gesundheitlichen Folgen von Einsamkeit, die teils irreversibel sind und Leiden sowie Beeinträchtigung verursachen können, unterstreichen die Bedeutung von Interventionen zur Reduzierung von Einsamkeit als präventive Maßnahme gegen sowohl psychische als auch körperliche Erkrankungen.