bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for identifying extraluminal manifestations of Crohn's disease with magnetic resonance enterography
Authors: Shih I‐Lun , Lee Tsung‐Chun , Tu Chia‐Hung , Chang Chin‐Chen , Wang Yu‐Fen , Tseng Yao‐Hui , Chiu Han‐Mo , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Shih Tiffany Ting‐Fang , Liu Kao‐Lang 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundMagnetic resonance (MR) enterography has emerged as a new imaging modality in evaluating patients with Crohn's disease. However, whether interpretations of MR enterography findings are consistent among radiologists has not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver agreement for identifying extraluminal manifestations of Crohn's disease with MR enterography.MethodsMR enterography was performed with a 3‐tesla system. We retrospectively enrolled patients with Crohn's disease that had MR enterography between November 2011 and March 2013. Three radiologists reviewed the images independently. Extraluminal findings of these patients were recorded and described. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were calculated using the kappa statistic.ResultsA total of 22 sessions of MR enterography were performed on 15 patients (12 men and 3 women) with Crohn's disease. The mean age was 38.7 ± 11.4 years. We identified extraluminal manifestations such as engorged vasa recta, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, fibrofatty proliferation, fistulas, and abscesses. In addition, avascular necrosis of the femoral head as a complication of long‐term steroid treatment was also depicted. The intraobserver agreement was almost perfect (κ = 0.83; p < 0.001), and the interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.65; p < 0.001).ConclusionMR enterography is a clinically useful tool for evaluating extraluminal manifestations of Crohn's disease with good intraobserver and interobserver agreement.
Social networking sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization
Authors: Sampasa-Kanyinga H. , Hamilton H.A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested an association between the use of social networking sites (SNSs) and mental health problems such as psychological distress, suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents. However, little is known about the factors that might mediate these relationships. The present study examined the link between the use of social networking sites and psychological distress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and tested the mediating role of cyberbullying victimization on these associations in adolescents.MethodsThe sample consisted of a group of 11-to-20-year-old individuals (n = 5126, 48% females; mean ± SD age: 15.2 ± 1.9 years) who completed the mental health portion of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS) in 2013. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to test the mediation models.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status (SES), and parental education, use of SNSs was associated with psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 2.03, 1.22–3.37), suicidal ideation (3.44, 1.54–7.66) and attempts (5.10, 1.45–17.88). Cyberbullying victimization was found to fully mediate the relationships between the use of SNSs with psychological distress and attempts; whereas, it partially mediated the link between the use of SNSs and suicidal ideation.ConclusionFindings provide supporting evidence that addressing cyberbullying victimization and the use of SNSs among adolescents may help reduce the risk of mental health problems.
Arrhythmia management after device removal
Authors: Nishii Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArrhythmic management is needed after removal of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Patients completely dependent on CIEDs need temporary device back‐up until new CIEDs are implanted. Various methods are available for device back‐up, and the appropriate management varies among patients. The duration from CIED removal to implantation of a new CIED also differs among patients. Temporary pacing is needed for patients with bradycardia, a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) or catheter ablation is needed for patients with tachyarrhythmia, and sequential pacing is needed for patients dependent on cardiac resynchronization therapy. The present review focuses on arrhythmic management after CIED removal.
Functional Outcomes and Unplanned Transfers of Pediatric Patients With Central Neurological Impairments Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation Care With Cancer and Noncancer Diagnoses
Authors: Tsao Elaine , Bjornson Kristie , Christensen Ana , Apkon Susan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundFunctional impairments from central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction experienced by pediatric patients with cancer diagnoses are well documented. However, little is known of these patients' functional outcomes and potential complications while receiving inpatient rehabilitation services.ObjectiveTo compare functional outcomes and unplanned transfer rates of pediatric patients with impairments associated with CNS dysfunction between those with primary cancer diagnoses and noncancer diagnoses while receiving inpatient rehabilitation care.DesignRetrospective comparison cohort study.SettingInpatient rehabilitation unit within a regional tertiary care pediatric hospital.ParticipantsPatients with CNS‐based functional impairments with primary cancer diagnoses (n = 107) and noncancer diagnoses (n = 480), admitted to the inpatient rehabilitation unit between January 1, 2005 and April 1, 2012, who were aged 1 to 20 years at time of admission.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPediatric Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM) reflecting functional status was collected at admission and discharge with change score and WeeFIM efficiency calculated. Length of stay on the rehabilitation unit and unplanned transfer rates were also collected.ResultsNo significant difference in total WeeFIM scores at admission was found between cancer and noncancer groups. Both groups had significant increases in WeeFIM scores at discharge (P < .001). The noncancer group had significantly higher WeeFIM change in self‐care (P = .001), mobility (P = .009), and total score (P = .004) and had a greater length of stay (P < .001). A comparison of WeeFIM efficiency in all domains revealed no significant difference between cancer and noncancer groups. There was also no significant between‐group difference in unplanned transfer rates.ConclusionsChildren with CNS‐based functional impairments with cancer and noncancer diagnoses made functional gains with similar WeeFIM efficiencies after undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. However, patients with noncancer diagnoses made greater gains in self care, mobility, and total scores with longer stays on the rehabilitation service. No significant difference was found in unplanned transfer rates between cancer and noncancer groups for acute medical care.
Autonomous Motivation and Pro-Environmental Behaviours Among Bedouin Students in Israel: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Kaplan Haya , Madjar Nir 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPromoting pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) among students is a major concern for educators. The present article presents an educational program based on a self-determination theory framework (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000) and a study demonstrating that working according to the theoretical principles presented in the program leads to the desired outcomes. The primary aim of the study was to test whether a hypothesised model in which autonomy support by students’ parents and moderators in a large-scale intervention program would be associated with autonomous motivation, which would in turn lead to PEBs, over and above the contributions of the students’ self-perceived competence and relatedness. The participants were 102 Bedouin high-school students (Grades 8 to 10) sampled from a cultural background characterised by a collectivist-hierarchical society in Israel. The results, based on structural equation modelling, indicated that moderators and parental autonomy support, as well as self-perceived relatedness and competence, were associated with students’ autonomous motivation, which in turn was associated with pro-environmental behaviours (including cleaning behaviours, activism, and preserving behaviours). The study supported the hypothesised model and demonstrated that SDT can be utilised as a theoretical framework for educational programs aimed at improving students’ self-determined PEBs.
Simulation of the blooming phenomenon in forced circular jets
Authors: Gohil Trushar B. , Saha Arun K. , Muralidhar K. 
Published: October 2015

The bifurcation and the blooming of jets have been numerically investigated at moderate Reynolds numbers. The study is motivated by a review article of Reynolds et al. (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 35, 2003, pp. 295–315) in which flow visualization images of jet blooming have been discussed, when the flow is subjected to inflow perturbations. Dual-mode perturbation, a combination of axisymmetric and helical excitations, has been used at the inflow plane to control the jet structures. In addition to the excitation frequency ratio, the effects of small-scale perturbation, excitation amplitude and initial momentum thickness have been examined. Results obtained at a Reynolds number of 2000 show that the number of branches formed in the blooming jet is strongly dependent on the excitation frequency ratio. For frequency ratios of 2, 2.5, 2.25, 2.4 and 2.22, the number of branches seen is 2, 5, 9, 12 and 20 respectively. In a blooming jet, the offset angle lies in the range 140°–180°. An equal number of branches is seen in the time-averaged flow field as well. The range of excitation frequency of the axisymmetric mode of perturbation is found to be $0.45<\mathit{St}_{D}<0.525$, with an excitation frequency ratio range of $2<R_{f}<2.6$, for which blooming jets are formed. The role of inlet shear layer thickness is less important as far as the blooming jet is concerned, while increasing excitation amplitude increases entrainment. Time-averaged data show that the blooming patterns persist in time, showing a substantial increase in spreading and entrainment.
Director Histories and the Pattern of Acquisitions
Authors: Rousseau Peter L. , Stroup Caleb 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe trace directors through time and across firms to study whether acquirers’ access to nonpublic information about potential targets via their directors’ past board service histories affects the market for corporate control. In a sample of publicly traded U.S. firms, we find acquirers about 4.5 times more likely to buy firms where their directors once served. Effects are stronger when the acquirer has better corporate governance, the interlocked director has a larger ownership stake at the acquirer, or the director played an important role during past service. The findings are robust to endogeneity of board composition and controls for contemporaneous interfirm interlocks.
‘Blood in Reasoning’: State Violence, Contested Territories and Black Criminal Agency in Urban Brazil
Authors: ALVES JAIME AMPARO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines black criminal agency in the context of drug trafficking and territorial control by the Primeiro Comando da Capital (First Capital Command, PCC), a self-identified criminal organisation in São Paulo's favelas. It argues that black youth's racialised encounters with the police shape their political praxis in the city. Since in the racial imaginary, they are constantly linked to crime and violence, and since their criminalised status justifies mass incarceration and death by the police, criminality appears as a valid category to better understand not only their fate but also their agency. Ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 2009 and 2010 in a hyper-impoverished, predominately black slum community, along with weekly visits to a local detention centre in São Paulo, informs the author's analysis of the PCC's controversial languages of resistance and the gendered and racialised outcomes that emerge from their attempts to fend off the state in such topographies of domination.
Marine protection targets: an updated assessment of global progress
Authors: Boonzaier Lisa , Pauly Daniel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite the considerable expansion in the number and extent of marine protected areas during the past century, coverage remains limited amid concerns that many marine protected areas are failing to meet their objectives. New estimates of global marine protected area, based on the database maintained by Sea Around Us, revealed a degree of progress towards protecting at least 10% of the global ocean by 2020. It is estimated that > 6,000 marine protected areas, covering c. 3.27% (12 million km2) of the oceans, had been designated by the end of 2013. However, protection is generally weak, with c. one-sixth (1.9 million km2) of the combined area designated as no-take areas (i.e. fishing and other extractive activities are prohibited). Additional large tracts of ocean will need to be protected to reach the 10% target, and we investigate hypothetical scenarios for such expansion. Such scenarios offer a one-dimensional measure of progress as they do not address aspects of other global targets, such as Aichi Target 11, which will help to ensure that marine protected areas meet their objectives and achieve conservation outcomes.
Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II
Authors: Hua Nancy , Aquino Paolo , Owada Carl Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II used for the closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects.BackgroundThere are no FDA-approved transcatheter devices for the closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Several studies have reported on the use of various devices either off-label or under clinical trial protocols. However these reports have described significant adverse events including residual shunts, complete heart block, arrhythmia, and new valve regurgitations. Thus far, no study on the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II has been reported.MethodsWe conducted a 4-year retrospective chart review from August, 2010 to August, 2014, of patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defects associated with ventricular septal aneurysm who underwent transcatheter closure using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II.ResultsA total of 16 patients underwent Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II transcatheter closure of their perimembranous ventricular septal defects. The median age was 2.56 years (range: 0.5–27.3). Their median weight was 13.0 kg (range: 6.9–71.6). The left ventricular median defect size was 9.3 mm (range: 5.9–14.4). The right ventricular median defect size was 3.6 mm (range: 2.3–5.8). All the patients underwent successful device implantation with 83% of the patients having complete echocardiographic closure at the 1-year follow-up; however, one procedure was complicated by early device embolisation. The device was successfully retrieved and replaced with a larger device. There were no device-related outflow tract obstructions, rhythm abnormalities, or haemolysis.ConclusionApplication of the Amplatzer Vascular Plug-II for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects appears to be a safe and effective treatment option. Prospective clinical trials and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
The metaphoric dance: co-construction of metaphor in cognitive behaviour therapy
Authors: Mathieson Fiona , Jordan Jennifer , Carter Janet D. , Stubbe Maria 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAttention to client metaphors has been asserted as a way of enhancing cognitive behaviour therapy. Metaphors can be part of the shared language that is co-constructed between clients and therapists. Recent advances in cognitive linguistics have provided the most clearly operationalized method yet to identify metaphors in conversations, allowing analysis of how shared language develops. This study aims to explore how metaphoric shared language develops in early cognitive behaviour therapy sessions. Based on 12 transcripts of early cognitive behaviour therapy sessions, an iterative process led to the identification of a range of therapist and client responses to each other's metaphors, and identification of whether therapists or clients initiated metaphoric exchanges. Types of responses to therapist or client metaphors within three speaking turns were found to be: repetition, rephrasing, exploration, elaboration/extension, or agreement. Bursts of metaphoric exchange were initiated and taken up by therapists and clients at a similar rate. To conclude, therapists need to attend to the occurrence of metaphors and be aware of the range of potential responses that can engage the client in the ‘metaphoric dance’ (co-construction of shared metaphors). This has the potential to enhance engagement and outcomes though more salient reformulating of the problem for the client.
Interpretative theories as roadmaps to constitutional identity: The case of the United States
Authors: BASSOK OR 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs long as the American Constitution serves as the focal point of American identity, many constitutional interpretative theories also serve as roadmaps to various visions of American constitutional identity. Using the debate over the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, I expose the identity dimension of various interpretative theories and analyse the differences between the roadmaps offered by them. I argue that according to each of these roadmaps, courts’ authority to review legislation is required in order to protect a certain vision of American constitutional identity even at the price of thwarting Americans’ freedom to pursue their current desires. The conventional framing of interpretative theories as merely techniques to decipher the constitutional text or justifications for the Supreme Court’s countermajoritarian authority to review legislation and the disregard of their identity function is perplexing in view of the centrality of the Constitution to American national identity. I argue that this conventional framing is a result of the current understanding of American constitutional identity in terms of neutrality toward the question of the good. This reading of the Constitution as lacking any form of ideology at its core makes majority preferences the best take of current American identity, leaving constitutional theorists with the mission to justify the Court’s authority to diverge from majority preferences.
Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4
Authors: Mekhaldi Florian , Muscheler Raimund , Adolphi Florian , Aldahan Ala , Beer Jürg , McConnell Joseph R. , Possnert Göran , Sigl Michael , Svensson Anders , Synal Hans-Arno , Welten Kees C. , Woodruff Thomas E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe origin of two large peaks in the atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) concentration at AD 774/5 and 993/4 is still debated. There is consensus, however, that these features can only be explained by an increase in the atmospheric 14C production rate due to an extraterrestrial event. Here we provide evidence that these peaks were most likely produced by extreme solar events, based on several new annually resolved 10Be measurements from both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores. Using ice core 36Cl data in pair with 10Be, we further show that these solar events were characterized by a very hard energy spectrum with high fluxes of solar protons with energy above 100 MeV. These results imply that the larger of the two events (AD 774/5) was at least five times stronger than any instrumentally recorded solar event. Our findings highlight the importance of studying the possibility of severe solar energetic particle events.
Autophagy and endosomal trafficking inhibition by Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-specific phospholipase A1 activity
Authors: Agarwal Shivani , Kim Hyunjin , Chan Robin B. , Agarwal Shivangi , Williamson Rebecca , Cho Wonhwa , Di Paolo Gilbert , Satchell Karla J. F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVibrio cholerae, responsible for acute gastroenteritis secretes a large multifunctional-autoprocessing repeat-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin linked to evasion of host immune system, facilitating colonization of small intestine. Unlike other effector domains of the multifunctional toxin that target cytoskeleton, the function of alpha-beta hydrolase (ABH) remained elusive. This study demonstrates that ABH is an esterase/lipase with catalytic Ser–His–Asp triad. ABH binds with high affinity to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) and cleaves the fatty acid in PtdIns3P at thesn1positionin vitromaking it the first PtdIns3P-specific phospholipase A1 (PLA1). Expression of ABHin vivoreduces intracellular PtdIns3P levels and its PtdIns3P-specific PLA1 activity blocks endosomal and autophagic pathways. In accordance with recent studies acknowledging the potential of extracellular pathogens to evade or exploit autophagy to prevent their clearance and facilitate survival, this is the first report highlighting the role of ABH in inhibiting autophagy and endosomal trafficking induced by extracellularV. cholerae.
Engineering the quantum-classical interface of solid-state qubits
Authors: Reilly David J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpanning a range of hardware platforms, the building-blocks of quantum processors are today sufficiently advanced to begin work on scaling-up these systems into complex quantum machines. A key subsystem of all quantum machinery is the interface between the isolated qubits that encode quantum information and the classical control and readout technology needed to operate them. As few-qubit devices are combined to construct larger, fault-tolerant quantum systems in the near future, the quantum-classical interface will pose new challenges that increasingly require approaches from the engineering disciplines in combination with continued fundamental advances in physics, materials and mathematics. This review describes the subsystems comprising the quantum-classical interface from the viewpoint of an engineer, experimental physicist or student wanting to enter the field of solid-state quantum information technology. The fundamental signalling operations of readout and control are reviewed for a variety of qubit platforms, including spin systems, superconducting implementations and future devices based on topological degrees-of-freedom. New engineering opportunities for technology development at the boundary between qubits and their control hardware are identified, transversing electronics to cryogenics.
High-fidelity resonant gating of a silicon-based quantum dot hybrid qubit
Authors: Kim Dohun , Ward Daniel R , Simmons Christie B , Savage Don E , Lagally Max G , Friesen Mark , Coppersmith Susan N , Eriksson Mark A 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe implement resonant single qubit operations on a semiconductor hybrid qubit hosted in a three-electron Si/SiGe double quantum dot structure. By resonantly modulating the double dot energy detuning and employing electron tunnelling-based readout, we achieve fast (>100 MHz) Rabi oscillations and purely electrical manipulations of the three-electron spin states. We demonstrate universal single qubit gates using a Ramsey pulse sequence as well as microwave phase control, the latter of which shows control of an arbitrary rotation axis on the X–Y plane of the Bloch sphere. Quantum process tomography yields π rotation gate fidelities higher than 93 (96)% around the X (Z) axis of the Bloch sphere. We further show that the implementation of dynamic decoupling sequences on the hybrid qubit enables coherence times longer than 150 ns.