bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor negative/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer is not a reproducible subtype
Authors: Hefti Marco M , Hu Rong , Knoblauch Nicholas W , Collins Laura C , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Tamimi Rulla M , Beck Andrew H 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) testing are performed in the evaluation of breast cancer. While the clinical utility of ER as a predictive biomarker to identify patients likely to benefit from hormonal therapy is well-established, the added value of PR is less well-defined. The primary goals of our study were to assess the distribution, inter-assay reproducibility, and prognostic significance of breast cancer subtypes defined by patterns of ER and PR expression.

Methods
We integrated gene expression microarray (GEM) and clinico-pathologic data from 20 published studies to determine the frequency (n = 4,111) and inter-assay reproducibility (n = 1,752) of ER/PR subtypes (ER+/PR+, ER+/PR-, ER-/PR-, ER-/PR+). To extend our findings, we utilized a cohort of patients from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) with ER/PR data recorded in the medical record and assessed on tissue microarrays (n = 2,011). In both datasets, we assessed the association of ER and PR expression with survival.

Results
In a genome-wide analysis, progesterone receptor was among the least variable genes in ER- breast cancer. The ER-/PR+ subtype was rare (approximately 1 to 4%) and showed no significant reproducibility (Kappa = 0.02 and 0.06, in the GEM and NHS datasets, respectively). The vast majority of patients classified as ER-/PR+ in the medical record (97% and 94%, in the GEM and NHS datasets) were re-classified by a second method. In the GEM dataset (n = 2,731), progesterone receptor mRNA expression was associated with prognosis in ER+ breast cancer (adjusted P <0.001), but not in ER- breast cancer (adjusted P = 0.21). PR protein expression did not contribute significant prognostic information to multivariate models considering ER and other standard clinico-pathologic features in the GEM or NHS datasets.

Conclusion
ER-/PR+ breast cancer is not a reproducible subtype. PR expression is not associated with prognosis in ER- breast cancer, and PR does not contribute significant independent prognostic information to multivariate models considering ER and other standard clinico-pathologic factors. Given that PR provides no clinically actionable information in ER+ breast cancer, these findings question the utility of routine PR testing in breast cancer.
Genome-wide analyses of Shavenbaby target genes reveals distinct features of enhancer organization
Authors: Menoret Delphine , Santolini Marc , Fernandes Isabelle , Spokony Rebecca , Zanet Jennifer , Gonzalez Ignacio , Latapie Yvan , Ferrer Pierre , Rouault Hervé , White Kevin P , Besse Philippe , Hakim Vincent , Aerts Stein , Payre Francois , Plaza Serge 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Background
Developmental programs are implemented by regulatory interactions between Transcription Factors (TFs) and their target genes, which remain poorly understood. While recent studies have focused on regulatory cascades of TFs that govern early development, little is known about how the ultimate effectors of cell differentiation are selected and controlled. We addressed this question during late Drosophila embryogenesis, when the finely tuned expression of the TF Ovo/Shavenbaby (Svb) triggers the morphological differentiation of epidermal trichomes.

Results
We defined a sizeable set of genes downstream of Svb and used in vivo assays to delineate 14 enhancers driving their specific expression in trichome cells. Coupling computational modeling to functional dissection, we investigated the regulatory logic of these enhancers. Extending the repertoire of epidermal effectors using genome-wide approaches showed that the regulatory models learned from this first sample are representative of the whole set of trichome enhancers. These enhancers harbor remarkable features with respect to their functional architectures, including a weak or non-existent clustering of Svb binding sites. The in vivo function of each site relies on its intimate context, notably the flanking nucleotides. Two additional cis-regulatory motifs, present in a broad diversity of composition and positioning among trichome enhancers, critically contribute to enhancer activity.

Conclusions
Our results show that Svb directly regulates a large set of terminal effectors of the remodeling of epidermal cells. Further, these data reveal that trichome formation is underpinned by unexpectedly diverse modes of regulation, providing fresh insights into the functional architecture of enhancers governing a terminal differentiation program.
Treatment of child anxiety disorders via guided parent-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy: Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thirlwall Kerstin , Cooper Peter J. , Karalus Jessica , Voysey Merryn , Willetts Lucy , Creswell Cathy 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPromising evidence has emerged of clinical gains using guided self-help cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for child anxiety and by involving parents in treatment; however, the efficacy of guided parent-delivered CBT has not been systematically evaluated in UK primary and secondary settings.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of low-intensity guided parent-delivered CBT treatments for children with anxiety disorders.MethodA total of 194 children presenting with a current anxiety disorder, whose primary carer did not meet criteria for a current anxiety disorder, were randomly allocated to full guided parent-delivered CBT (four face-to-face and four telephone sessions) or brief guided parent-delivered CBT (two face-to-face and two telephone sessions), or a wait-list control group (trial registration: ISRCTN92977593). Presence and severity of child primary anxiety disorder (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV, child/parent versions), improvement in child presentation of anxiety (Clinical Global Impression –Improvement scale), and change in child anxiety symptoms (Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, child/parent version and Child Anxiety Impact scale, parent version) were assessed at post-treatment and for those in the two active treatment groups, 6 months post-treatment.ResultsFull guided parent-delivered CBT produced superior diagnostic outcomes compared with wait-list at post-treatment, whereas brief guided parent-delivered CBT did not: at post-treatment, 25 (50%) of those in the full guided CBT group had recovered from their primary diagnosis, compared with 16 (25%) of those on the wait-list (relative risk (RR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.14–2.99); and in the brief guided CBT group, 18 participants (39%) had recovered from their primary diagnosis post-treatment (RR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.89–2.74). Level of therapist training and experience was unrelated to child outcome.ConclusionsFull guided parent-delivered CBT is an effective and inexpensive first-line treatment for child anxiety.
Tetrathiafulvalene Hybridized with Indacenetetraone as Visible-light-harvesting Electron Acceptor Applicable to Bulk-heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Akaike Kouki , Enozawa Hideo , Kajitani Takashi , Koizumi Mari , Kosaka Atsuko , Hashizume Daisuke , Koizumi Yoshiko , Saeki Akinori , Seki Shu , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
π-Extension of tetrathiafulvalene by hybridization with an indacenetetraone leads to an electron acceptor that can harvest visible light efficiently and serve as an electron-transport material for poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based bulk-heterojunction photovoltaics, where brief thermal annealing of the active layer results in better carrier transport pathways to enhance the device performance.
Translation and the artist
Authors: Connolly Brigit 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article reflects on the idea and role of translation in relation to artistic practice. In its trajectory around the subject it aims to bring out some of the issues at stake for artists and writers within this process of translation such as: loss, boundary, threshold, discipline, fidelity, infidelity, accuracy and error. Its disjunctive structure is intentional, since it is a meditation on the subject, which alludes or touches on aspects of theory as they might be encountered in and through practice – stumbled upon in an unsystematic, sometimes haphazard and equivocal, non-linear or tangential way – rather than provides an exposition of it.
Type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Sliding-Mode Based Speed Control of Direct Torque and Flux Control Induction Motor Drives – A Comparative Study
Authors: Ramesh Tejavathu , Panda A. K. , Kumar S. Shiva 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this research study, the performance of direct torque and flux control induction motor drive (IMD) is presented using five different speed control techniques. The performance of IMD mainly depends on the design of speed controller. The PI speed controller requires precise mathematical model, continuous and appropriate gain values. Therefore, adaptive control based speed controller is desirable to achieve high-performance drive. The sliding-mode speed controller (SMSC) is developed to achieve continuous control of motor speed and torque. Furthermore, the type-1 fuzzy logic speed controller (T1FLSC), type-1 fuzzy SMSC and a new type-2 fuzzy logic speed controller are designed to obtain high performance, dynamic tracking behaviour, speed accuracy and also robustness to parameter variations. The performance of each control technique has been tested for its robustness to parameter uncertainties and load disturbances. The detailed comparison of different control schemes are carried out in a MATALB/Simulink environment at different speed operating conditions, such as, forward and reversal motoring under no-load, load and sudden change in speed.
Communities of Practice in Nursing Academia: A Growing Need to Practice What We Teach
Authors: Risling Tracie , Ferguson Linda 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough the community of practice (CoP) concept has been heavily utilized in business literature since its inception in the 1990s, it has not been significantly featured in nursing research. With student-centered approaches increasingly infusing nursing classrooms, including opportunities for collaborative learning and the development of student learning communities, it may be time to ask: Do we practice what we teach? Nursing academia faces challenges related to recruitment and retention, scholarly productivity and engagement of new faculty, and increasing demands for collaborative research. Challenges, some would argue, that could be addressed through CoPs; a sentiment reflected in the recent expansion of nursing CoP literature. What is the current state of the application of this concept in nursing academia and what barriers present in the promotion and development of CoPs in the academy? This article addresses these questions and provides guidance for those in search of community.
Effect of high-fat diet prior to pregnancy on hepatic gene expression and histology in mouse offspring
Authors: Hori Hiroshi , Umezawa Masakazu , Uchiyama Mariko , Niki Rikio , Yanagita Shinya , Takeda Ken 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Maternal overnutrition and obesity are associated with fetal development and cause long-term effects in offspring. However, the effects of a high-fat diet specific to the pre-pregnancy period are not determined. The present study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet prior to pregnancy on the liver of mouse offspring. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow (15.2% fat by energy) [control diet (CTR) and CTR pre-pregnancy (PP) groups] or a high-fat chow (31.2% fat by energy) [high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD-pre-pregnancy (PP) groups] for 3–4 weeks and then mated with male C57BL/6J mice fed normal chow. Some mothers continued on the same diet until pups reached 21 days of age (CTR and HFD), and others were fed the different chows from gestational day 0 (CTR-PP and HFD-PP) to determine the effects of a high-fat diet during the pre-pregnancy period in HFD-PP/CTR and HFD/CTR-PP comparisons. Liver tissues from pups were subjected to gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and microarray, and histological analysis using Oil Red O staining (Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd., Balcatta, WA, USA). Lipid droplets were increased in hepatocytes of mice in HFD-PP compared to CTR and those in HFD compared to CTR-PP. Expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (Acacb), and fatty acid binding protein 5 (Fabp5) was increased by maternal high-fat diet during pre-pregnancy. The results showed that maternal high-fat diet intake prior to pregnancy uniquely affects metabolic phenotype related to health and disease in the liver of the next generation.
Effect of MMT concentrations as reinforcement on the properties of recycled PET/HDPE nanocomposites
Authors: Rosnan Rizuan Mohd , Arsad Agus 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of incorporating montmorillonite (MMT) on the mechanical, morphological, rheological, and thermal properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites. The MMT contents in 90:10 rPET/HDPE and 70:30 rPET/HDPE ranged from 1 to 5 wt.%. rPET/HDPE nanocomposites were prepared by using a single screw extruder, and injection molded to prepare mechanical test specimens. The samples underwent rheological tests by using a capillary rheometer, and the morphology of the nanocomposites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was tested using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that MMT acts as compatibilizing agent and improves phase dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the nanocomposites. The maximum tensile strength was found at 3 and 1 wt.% of MMT for the 90:10 and 70:30 rPET/HDPE blends. However, the tensile modulus decreased significantly with the incorporation of MMT. The impact strength for both the 90:10 and 70:30 blends reached a maximum at 3 wt.% and started to decrease beyond 3 wt.%. The incorporation of MMT increased the shear viscosity of the 90:10 and 70:30 blends, which reached a maximum value at 3 and 1 wt.%. SEM micrographs showed a good interaction of MMT that improved the adhesion between the two phases of blends and led to an increase in the mechanical properties of rPET/HDPE nanocomposites.
Investigation of Aging of Asphalt Concrete Reservoir Facing With Time
Authors: Wang Weibiao , Zhang Yingbo , Zhu Yue , Lan Xiao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the aging of asphalt concrete facings with time based on the test results from field and laboratory specimens. The mechanical behavior of samples drilled out at three different locations of the Tianhuangping asphalt facing, which had performed for 13 years, was tested, and the properties of the bitumen extracted from the samples were investigated. Test results show that hot production caused most of the aging of the bitumen, and the most severe aging in the field occurred in the most exposed location, but only “skin deep” (0–10 mm) in the asphalt facing. To predict the aging of asphalt facings with time, an accelerated aging method was developed in the laboratory, and a relationship was established between the laboratory-accelerated aging in hours and the field aging in years. Laboratory-accelerated aging test results show that bending strain at failure of asphalt concrete reduced 37 % because of hot production, 25 % in the first 20 years of service, and 6 % in another 30 years of service.
3D Ordered Macroporous Ge/Al and Ge/Si Bilayer Films Made by Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Jiupeng , Zhang Yiwen , An Xiaokun , Ding Yanbo , Zhang Yi , Li Yao , Endres Frank 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Three dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Ge/Al and Ge/Si
bilayer films have been made via ordered
polystyrene (PS) templates by electrodeposition from ionic liquids
(IL), at room temperature. For this purpose, the ionic liquid
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide
([EMIm]Tf2N) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium
bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide
([Py1,4]Tf2N) with aluminium, germanium and
silicon chlorides dissolved in were used as
electrolytes. Self-assembled PS colloidal crystals were made by
the vertical deposition method and used as templates. Germanium
was chosen as the first layer, then after washing and drying Al
and Si layers were deposited subsequently. SEM results verify that
the 3DOM Ge/Al and Ge/Si have a different morphology, and EDX was
used to analyze the composition of the samples. Novel 3DOM bilayer
films made from reactive elements could have some potential as
anode host material in future generation lithium ion batteries and
can be regarded as the first step to make 3D ordered macroporous
bilayer films.
Sundays and Mortality in Patients with AKI
Authors: Wilson F. Perry , Yang Wei , Schrauben Sarah , Machado Carlos , Lin Jennie J. , Feldman Harold I. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Initiation of dialysis on Sunday is limited by constraints that do not exist on other days of the week, which may lead to triaging of dialysis therapy. The study hypothesis was that patients with AKI on a Sunday would sustain higher mortality rates.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Study participants (n=4970) were part of the retrospective University of Pennsylvania Health AKI cohort, which is composed of patients with severe inpatient AKI (characterized by a doubling of admission creatinine) who were hospitalized from January 1, 2004, to August 31, 2010. Patient-days (n=15,995) were included if the patient had AKI severity of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) stage 2 or greater and had not yet begun receiving dialysis. The association of day of the week and inpatient mortality was assessed with logistic regression of data updated daily, using robust variance estimators.

Results
The rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of initiation of dialysis on Sunday was 2.5 (1.8 to 3.1) per 100 patient-days, compared with 3.8 (3.5 to 4.1) per 100 patient-days on other days of the week (P=0.001). Inpatient mortality (95% CI) among patients with severe AKI present on a Sunday was 30% (28% to 32%), compared with 31% (31% to 32%) on other days of the week (P=0.08). Inpatient mortality among patients who initiated dialysis on Sunday was 65% (52% to 79%), compared with 65% (61% to 70%) among those who initiated dialysis from Tuesday through Saturday (P=0.79). Patients who initiated dialysis on Monday had a lower mortality than those who initiated it on another day of the week (52% [40% to 64%] versus 65% [61% to 70%]; P=0.03).

Conclusions
Despite a lower frequency of dialysis, patients with severe AKI on Sunday have mortality similar to that of patients with severe AKI on other days of the week.
Carbamylation of Serum Albumin and Erythropoietin Resistance in End Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Kalim Sahir , Tamez Hector , Wenger Julia , Ankers Elizabeth , Trottier Caitlin A. , Deferio Joseph J. , Berg Anders H. , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Thadhani Ravi I. 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
The mechanisms underlying erythropoietin resistance are not fully understood. Carbamylation is a post-translational protein modification that can alter the function of proteins, such as erythropoietin. The hypothesis of this study is that carbamylation burden is independently associated with erythropoietin resistance.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a nonconcurrent prospective cohort study of incident hemodialysis patients in the United States, carbamylated albumin, a surrogate of overall carbamylation burden, in 158 individuals at day 90 of dialysis initiation and erythropoietin resistance index (defined as average weekly erythropoietin dose [U] per kg body weight per hemoglobin [g/dl]) over the subsequent 90 days were measured. Linear regression was used to describe the relationship between carbamylated albumin and erythropoietin resistance index. Logistic regression characterized the relationship between erythropoietin resistance index, 1-year mortality, and carbamylation.

Results
The median percent carbamylated albumin was 0.77% (interquartile range=0.58%–0.93%). Median erythropoietin resistance index was 18.7 units/kg per gram per deciliter (interquartile range=8.1–35.6 units/kg per gram per deciliter). Multivariable adjusted analysis showed that the highest quartile of carbamylated albumin was associated with a 72% higher erythropoietin resistance index compared with the lowest carbamylation quartile (P=0.01). Increasing erythropoietin resistance index was associated with a higher risk of death (odds ratio per unit increase in log-erythropoietin resistance index, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 2.70). However, the association between erythropoietin resistance index and mortality was no longer statistically significant when carbamylation was included in the analysis (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 2.37), with carbamylation showing the dominant association with death (odds ratio for high versus low carbamylation quartile, 4.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 17.10).

Conclusion
Carbamylation was associated with higher erythropoietin resistance index in incident dialysis patients and a better predictor of mortality than erythropoietin resistance index.
Characteristics of, prevalence of, and risk factors for corneal pigmentation (pigmentary keratopathy) in Pugs
Authors: Labelle Amber L. , Dresser Christine B. , Hamor Ralph E. , Allender Matthew C. , Disney Julia L. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the characteristics of, prevalence of, and risk factors for corneal pigmentation (CP) in Pugs.
Design—Prospective cross-sectional study.
Animals—295 Pugs > 16 weeks old.
Procedures—Ophthalmic examination of the anterior segment of each eye was performed, including determination of tear film characteristics (Schirmer tear test and tear film breakup time) and corneal sensitivity. Digital photographs of the head and each eye were obtained. Corneal pigmentation of eyes was graded as absent, very mild, mild, moderate, or severe. Signalment and medical history information and American Kennel Club registration status were recorded.
Results—CP was detected in at least 1 eye of 243 of the 295 (82.4%) Pugs; CP was typically very mild or mild. Detection of CP was not significantly associated with coat color, age, eyelid conformation, or tear film characteristics but was significantly associated with sex of dogs. The severity of CP was not significantly associated with American Kennel Club registration status or age, but was significantly associated with sex, tear film characteristics, and coat color. Iris hypoplasia was detected in 72.1% of the Pugs. Iris-to-iris persistent pupillary membranes were detected in 85.3% of the Pugs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence of CP in Pugs in this study was high. Unexpectedly high prevalences of iris hypoplasia and persistent pupillary membranes were also identified. The condition identified in these Pugs was a pigmentary keratopathy, rather than pigmentary keratitis or corneal melanosis. This condition may have a genetic basis, and further studies are warranted to determine etiology.