bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the effectiveness of biological therapy for active moderate to severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kawalec Paweł , Mikrut Alicja , Łopuch Sylwia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biological agents (vedolizumab, abatacept, visilizumab, golimumab) in patients with active moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.MethodsThis paper was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. The systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases until December 27, 2013 to identify randomized controlled trials fulfilling the established inclusion criteria for this review.ResultsEight randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. Vedolizumab was significantly more effective compared with placebo (P < 0.05) increasing the percentage of patients with a clinical response, clinical remission and mucosal healing in the induction phase, and patients with a clinical remission and mucosal healing in the maintenance phase. Similarly, golimumab was significantly more effective than placebo (P < 0.05) regarding the percentage of patients with a clinical response and mucosal healing in the induction phase, and patients with a clinical response, clinical remission, and mucosal healing in the maintenance phase. The safety of these two biological agents was comparable with placebo during the treatment (P > 0.05). However, the efficacy of visilizumab or abatacept was related to the higher risk of treatment failure and a worse safety profile than placebo.ConclusionsThe results of the systematic review demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of particular biological agents are differentiated. Vedolizumab and golimumab occurred more effective, and comparably as safe as placebo in patients with active moderate to severe ulcerative colitis increasing the number of available therapeutic options.
Drug Use Trajectories After a Randomized Controlled Trial of MTFC: Associations With Partner Drug Use
Authors: Rhoades Kimberly A. , Leve Leslie D. , Harold Gordon T. , Kim Hyoun K. , Chamberlain Patricia 
Published: February 2014

Trajectories of drug use were examined in a sample of women with prior juvenile justice system involvement. One hundred fifty‐three young women who participated in a randomized controlled trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) in adolescence were assessed on five occasions over a 24‐month period in young adulthood (mean age = 22.29 years at T1). Participants assigned to the MTFC condition during adolescence reported greater decreases in drug use than girls assigned to the treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) condition. Partner drug use was significantly associated with women's concurrent drug use, although participants in the MTFC condition were more resilient to partner drug use than in the TAU condition. Implications for drug use prevention and intervention programs during adolescence are discussed.
Psychiatric nursing: an unpopular choice
Authors: Jansen R. , Venter I. 
Published: February 2014

Accessible summary
Psychiatric nursing is not a popular career choice among undergraduate nursing students after they completed their studies.
Students in this study named personal factors and the working environment as the most important reasons for not choosing psychiatric nursing as a career.
Other reasons were the unprofessional behaviour of professional nurses and the learning environment.
Therefore, the recommendations of this study focus on implementing creative teaching strategies and to improve the learning experiences of the nursing students.
AbstractResearch studies in the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia suggest that students do not consider psychiatric nursing as a popular career option. According to this research, there is a widespread concern about the nursing shortages in psychiatry. The demand for mental health services continues to grow and there is a need for strategies to recruit nurses for this specialized field. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors preventing undergraduate nursing students in South Africa (SA) from choosing psychiatric nursing as a career. A qualitative research design that aimed to explore and describe was used. Data were collected through the Nominal Group Technique. A sample of convenience of 27 final year nursing students from the School of Nursing at the University of the Free State as well as the Free State School of Nursing, situated in Bloemfontein (SA), voluntarily participated in this research. The following categories emerged from the content analysis of the data: personal factors, working environment, unprofessional behaviour, learning environment and the unclassified category. Psychiatric nursing as a career choice is in a predicament and nursing schools need to implement practical strategies to recruit future nurses for this field.
Culture‐Inclusive Theories of Self and Social Interaction: The Approach of Multiple Philosophical Paradigms
Authors: Hwang Kwang‐Kuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn view of the fact that culture‐inclusive psychology has been eluded or relatively ignored by mainstream psychology, the movement of indigenous psychology is destined to develop a new model of man that incorporates both causal psychology and intentional psychology as suggested by Vygotsky (1927). Following the principle of cultural psychology: “one mind, many mentalities” (Shweder et al., 1998), the Mandala Model of Self (Hwang, 2011a,b) and Face and Favor Model (Hwang, 1987, 2012) were constructed to represent the universal mechanisms of self and social interaction that can be applied to any culture; both models can be used as conceptual frameworks for analyzing mentalities of people in any given culture. Taking research works from Foundations of Chinese Psychology: Confucian Social Relation as exemplars (Hwang, 2012), this article illustrates how to construct culture‐inclusive theories of Confucianism by multiple philosophical paradigms. The mechanism of culture‐inclusive theory can be applied to explain qualitative research findings on lifeworld events of people in a particular society. It can also be utilized to predict results of quantitative research conducted to verify theoretical propositions in the scientific microworld by empirical methods.
Cultural System vs. Pan‐cultural Dimensions: Philosophical Reflection on Approaches for Indigenous Psychology
Authors: Hwang Kwang‐Kuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe three approaches for conducting psychological research across cultures proposed by Berry (1989), namely, the imported etic, emic and derived etic approach are critically examined for developing culture‐inclusive theories in psychology, in order to deal with the enigma left by Wilhelm Wundt. Those three approaches have been restricted to a certain extent by the pan‐cultural dimensional approach which may result in the Orientalism of psychology in understanding people of non‐Western cultures.This article is designated to provide the philosophical ground for an alternative cultural system approach to construct culture‐inclusive theories in psychology. Following the principle of cultural psychology: “one mind, many mentalities” (Shweder et al., 1998), the alternative strategy contains two steps: First, based on Bhaskar's (1975, 1978) critical realism, all universal mechanisms should seek to represent the operation of the human mind. Second, based on Archer's (1995) analytical dualism, the mechanisms of the universal mind may be used as frameworks for analyzing any cultural tradition. The culture‐inclusive theories thus obtained represent the synchronic morphostasis of a cultural system, which may be used as theoretical frameworks for conducting either qualitative or quantitative empirical research in studying the diachronic morphogenesis of socio‐cultural interaction in a particular culture.
Why American Sociology Needs Biographical Sociology—European Style
Authors: Jindra Ines W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLife story methods in Europe commonly belong to the field of biographical sociology. This paper points out that biographical sociology is missing from American sociology and describes in‐depth two well‐known methods in this field in Europe, the narrative interview and objective hermeneutics. The absence of biographical sociology from U.S. sociology should be remedied, it is argued, for the following reasons: First, an analysis of biographical patterns could counteract the heavy emphasis on social structure in American sociology and enrich certain subfields within it. For example, some of the concepts used in European biographical sociology, such as the concept of the “trajectory” can be related to conceptions of agency set forth by American and British sociologists and thus enrich sociology overall. Second, biographical sociology can help counteract the heavy orientation towards quantitative research in American sociology without falling into the pitfalls of purely interpretive methodologies. And third, biographical sociology can significantly enrich the still missing link between culture and cognition.
Chorismate‐dependent transcriptional regulation of quinate/shikimate utilization genes by LysR‐type transcriptional regulator QsuR in Corynebacterium glutamicum: carbon flow control at metabolic branch point
Authors: Kubota Takeshi , Tanaka Yuya , Takemoto Norihiko , Watanabe Akira , Hiraga Kazumi , Inui Masayuki , Yukawa Hideaki 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe qsu operon of Corynebacterium glutamicum comprises four genes (qsuABCD) that underpin the microorganism's quinate/shikimate utilization pathways. The genes encode enzymes that catalyse reactions at the metabolic branch point between the biosynthesis route for synthesis of aromatic compounds and the catabolic route for degradation of quinate and shikimate for energy production. A qsuR gene located immediately upstream of qsuA encodes a protein (QsuR) which activates the operon in the presence of quinate or shikimate. Three observations support chorismate, an intermediate of the biosynthesis route, as a direct effector of QsuR: First, induction of qsuA mRNA in the presence of either quinate or shikimate disappears upon deletion of the gene encoding chorismate synthase. Second, chorismate accumulates when the operon is induced. Third, a DNase I‐protected segment by QsuR is shortened in the presence of chorismate. The QsuR tetramer senses the accumulation of chorismate and activates qsu genes that promote the quinate/shikimate catabolic instead of the aromatic compounds biosynthetic route. Such chorismate‐dependent control of carbon flow has not been previously described.
The use of therapeutic apheresis in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pignalosa O. , Infante T. , Napoli C. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYIn the last few years, therapeutic apheresis (TA) has emerged as a valuable treatment option for certain life‐threatening cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and for all the cardiac dysfunctions caused by autoimmune or metabolic disorders. Besides the well‐established indications for apheresis treatment, such as familial hypercholesterolaemia, hyperviscosity syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), we discuss the novel approaches in the therapy of dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac failure and some specific syndromes of severe dysfunction occurring after heart transplantation. The rationale for using apheresis in such patients is the contribution in immune modulation that this procedure can undoubtedly provide. The clinical course of TTP has dramatically changed, thanks to the introduction of therapeutic plasma exchange. Low‐density lipoprotein apheresis has been extremely efficacious, safe and suitable for lowering cholesterol levels and can be used even for long‐term treatment. In Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and other hyperviscosity syndromes, plasma exchange has demonstrated to be an efficient tool for reducing blood viscosity and the risk of a consequent cardiac dysfunction. However, TA may induce oxidative injury to erythrocytes, making these cells more prone to haemolysis and causing a significant reduction in their half‐life. Ascorbate administration can be useful to lower the levels of hydrogen peroxide and proinflammatory mediators in patients undergoing apheresis. Further data are needed to support this benefit and to test other potential antioxidant therapies. Many of these therapeutic indications need further studies to be definitively approved, but preliminary data are encouraging.
Accelerometer Load as a Measure of Activity Profile in Different Standards of Netball Match Play
Authors: Cormack Stuart J. , Smith Renee L. , Mooney Mitchell M. , Young Warren B. , O’Brien Brendan J. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To determine differences in load/min (AU) between standards of netball match play.Methods:Load/min (AU) representing accumulated accelerations measured by triaxial accelerometers was recorded during matches of 2 higher- and 2 lower-standard teams (N = 32 players). Differences in load/min (AU) were compared within and between standards for playing position and periods of play. Differences were considered meaningful if there was >75% likelihood of exceeding a small (0.2) effect size.Results:Mean (± SD) full-match load/min (AU) for the higher and lower standards were 9.96 ± 2.50 and 6.88 ± 1.88, respectively (100% likely lower). The higher standard had greater (mean 97% likely) load/min (AU) values in each position. The difference between 1st and 2nd halves’ load/min (AU) was unclear at the higher standard, while lower-grade centers had a lower (−7.7% ± 10.8%, 81% likely) load/min (AU) in the 2nd half and in all quarters compared with the 1st. There was little intrastandard variation in individual vector contributions to load/min (AU); however, higher-standard players accumulated a greater proportion of the total in the vertical plane (mean 93% likely).Conclusions:Higher-standard players produced greater load/min (AU) than their lower-standard counterparts in all positions. Playing standard influenced the pattern of load/min (AU) accumulation across a match, and individual vector analysis suggests that different-standard players have dissimilar movement characteristics. Load/min (AU) appears to be a useful method for assessing activity profile in netball.
Functional Movement Scores and Longitudinal Performance Outcomes in Elite Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Chapman Robert F. , Laymon Abigail S. , Arnold Todd 
Published: February 2014

Subjects with scores on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) assessment of ≤14 or with at least 1 bilateral asymmetry have been shown to have greater future injury incidence than subjects with FMS scores >14 or no movement asymmetries.Purpose:To determine if FMS injury risk factors extend to longitudinal competitive performance outcomes in elite track and field athletes.Methods:Elite track and field athletes were examined (N = 121), each completing an FMS before the 2011 competitive season. Best competition marks for the year were obtained from athletes’ actual performances for 2010 and 2011. Performance change between 2010 and 2011 was examined in cohorts of FMS scores ≤14 (LoFMS) vs >14 (HiFMS), athletes with bilateral asymmetry in at least 1 of the 5 FMS movements vs athletes with no asymmetry, and athletes who scored 1 on the deep-squat movement vs athletes who scored 2 or 3.Results:HiFMS had a significantly different change in performance from 2010 to 2011 (0.41% ± 2.50%, n = 80) compared with LoFMS (−0.51% ± 2.30%,P= .03, n = 41). Athletes with no asymmetries had a longitudinal improvement in performance (+0.60% ± 2.86%, n = 50) compared with athletes with at least 1 asymmetry (−0.26% ± 2.10%,P= .03, n = 71). Athletes who scored 1 on the deep-squat movement had a significantly different change in performance (−1.07 ± 2.08%, n = 22) vs athletes who scored 2 (0.13% ± 2.28%,P= .03, n = 87) or 3 (1.98% ± 3.31%,P= .001, n = 12).Conclusion:Functional movement ability, known to be associated with the likelihood of future injury, is also related to the ability to improve longitudinal competitive performance outcomes.
Critical Evaluation of a Badminton-Specific Endurance Test
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Faude Oliver , Wegmann Melissa , Meyer Tim 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To overcome the limitations of traditional 1-dimensional fitness tests in analyzing physiological properties of badminton players, a badminton-specific endurance test (BST) was created. This study aimed at analyzing the influence of various fitness dimensions on BST performance.Methods:18 internationally competing male German badminton players (22.4 ± 3.2 y, 79.2 ± 7.7 kg, 1.84 ± 0.06 m, world-ranking position [WRP] 21–501) completed a straight-sprint test, a change-of-direction speed test, various jump tests (countermovement jump, drop jump, standing long jump), a multistage running test (MST), and the BST. During this on-court field test players have to respond to a computerized sign indicating direction and speed of badminton-specific movements by moving into the corresponding corners.Results:Significant correlations were found between performance in MST and BST (individual anaerobic threshold [IAT], r = .63, P = .005; maximum velocity [Vmax], r = .60, P = .009). A negative correlation (r = –.59, P = .014) was observed between IAT in BST and drop-jump contact time. No further associations between performance indices could be detected. Apart from a small portion explained by MST results (IAT, R2 = .40; Vmax, R2 = .36), the majority of BST performance cannot be explained by the determined physiological correlates. Moreover, it was impossible to predict the WRP of a player on the basis of BST results (r = –.15, P = .55).Conclusions:Neither discipline-specific performance nor basic physiological properties were appropriately reflected by a BST in elite badminton players. This does not substantiate its validity for regular use as a testing tool. However, it may be useful for monitoring on-court training sessions.
The Energetics of Semicontact 3 × 2-min Amateur Boxing
Authors: Davis Philip , Leithäuser Renate M. , Beneke Ralph 
Published: February 2014

The energy expenditure of amateur boxing is unknown.Purpose:Total metabolic cost (Wtot) as an aggregate of aerobic (Waer), anaerobic lactic (W[lactate]), and anaerobic alactic (WPCr) energy of a 3 × 2-min semicontact amateur boxing bout was analyzed.Methods:Ten boxers (mean ± SD [lower/upper 95% confidence intervals]) age 23.7 ± 4.1 (20.8/26.6) y, height 180.2 ± 7.0 (175.2/185.2) cm, body mass 70.6 ± 5.7 (66.5/74.7) kg performed a semicontact bout against handheld pads created from previously analyzed video footage of competitive bouts. Net metabolic energy was calculated using respiratory gases and blood [lactate].Results:Waer, 526.0 ± 57.1 (485.1/566.9) kJ, was higher (P < .001) than WPCr, 58.1 ± 13.6 (48.4/67.8) kJ. W[lactate], 26.2 ± 7.1 (21.1/31.3) kJ, was lower (P < .001) than Waer and WPCr. An ~70-kJ fraction of the aerobic energy expenditure reflects rephosphorylation of high-energy phosphates during the breaks between rounds, which elevated Wtot to ~680 kJ with relative contributions of 77% Waer, 19% WPCr, and 4% W[lactate].Conclusions:The results indicate that the metabolic profile of amateur boxing is predominantly aerobic. They also highlight the importance of a highly developed aerobic capacity as a prerequisite of a high activity rate during rounds and recovery of the high-energy phosphate system during breaks as interrelated requirements of successful boxing.
Reliability of a 2-Bout Exercise Test on a Wattbike Cycle Ergometer
Authors: Driller Matthew W. , Argus Christos K. , Bartram Jason C. , Bonaventura Jacinta , Martin David T. , West Nicholas P. , Halson Shona L. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To determine the intraday and interday reliability of a 2 × 4-min performance test on a cycle ergometer (Wattbike) separated by 30 min of passive recovery (2 × 4MMP).Methods:Twelve highly trained cyclists (mean ± SD; age = 20 ± 2 y, predicted VO2max = 59.0 ± 3.6 mL · kg−1 · min−1) completed six 2 × 4MMP cycling tests on a Wattbike ergometer separated by 7 d. Mean power was measured to determine intraday (test 1 [T1] to test 2 [T2]) and interday reliability (weeks 1–6) over the repeated trials.Results:The mean intraday reliabilities of the 2 × 4MMP test, as expressed by the typical error of measurement (TEM, W) and coefficient of variation (CV, %) over the 6 wk, were 10.0 W (95% confidence limits [CL] 8.2–11.8), and 2.6% (95%CL 2.1–3.1), respectively. The mean interday reliability TEM and CV for T1 over the 6 wk were 10.4 W (95%CL 8.7–13.3) and 2.7% (95%CL 2.3–3.5), respectively, and 11.7 W (95%CL 9.8–15.1) and 3.0% (95%CL 2.5–3.9) for T2.Conclusion:The testing protocol performed on a Wattbike cycle ergometer in the current study is reproducible in highly trained cyclists. The high intraday and interday reliability make it a reliable method for monitoring cycling performance and for investigating factors that affect performance in cycling events.
Relationship Between Pregame Concentrations of Free Testosterone and Outcome in Rugby Union
Authors: Gaviglio Christopher M. , Crewther Blair T. , Kilduff Liam P. , Stokes Keith A. , Cook Christian J. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:To assess the measures of salivary free testosterone and cortisol concentrations across selected rugby union matches according to game outcome.Methods:Twenty-two professional male rugby union players were studied across 6 games (3 wins and 3 losses). Hormone samples were taken 40 min before the game and 15 min after. The hormonal data were grouped and compared against competition outcomes. These competition outcomes included wins and losses and a game-ranked performance score (1–6).Results:Across the entire team, pregame testosterone concentrations were significantly higher during winning games than losses (P = 5.8 × 10−5). Analysis by playing position further revealed that, for the backs, pregame testosterone concentrations (P = 3.6 × 10−5) and the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio T:C (P = .038) were significantly greater before a win than a loss. Game-ranked performance score correlated to the team’s pregame testosterone concentrations (r = .81, P = .049). In backs, pregame testosterone (r = .91, P = .011) and T:C (r = .81, P = .05) also correlated to game-ranked performance. Analysis of the forwards’ hormone concentrations did not distinguish between game outcomes, nor did it correlate with game-ranked performance. Game venue (home vs away) only affected postgame concentrations of testosterone (P = .018) and cortisol (P = 2.58 × 10−4).Conclusions:Monitoring game-day concentrations of salivary free testosterone may help identify competitive readiness in rugby union matches. The link between pregame T:C and rugby players in the back position suggests that monitoring weekly training loads and enhancing recovery modalities between games may also assist with favorable performance and outcome in rugby union matches.