bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of montelukast's efficacy for preventing post‐bronchiolitis wheezing
Authors: Peng Wan‐Sheng , Chen Xin , Yang Xiao‐Yun , Liu En‐Mei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInfants often develop reactive airway diseases subsequent to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), a class of lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, are released during RSV infection, thereby contributing to the pathogenic changes in airway inflammation. Many pediatric patients, especially those of very young age, continue to have recurrent episodes of lower airway obstruction after bronchiolitis treatment. This study was to systematically review and assessed the efficacy of montelukast for preventing wheezing in patients with post‐bronchiolitis. The Cochrane library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) periodical databases were screened for studies related to use of montelukast for preventing post‐bronchiolitis wheezing published up to 31 December 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs using montelukast alone as an active intervention in infants up to 24 months of age with post‐bronchiolitis were selected. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the recommendations published by the Cochrane Collaboration. The meta‐analyses were performed using the Cochrane statistical package RevMan5.0.0. Four trials, containing 1430 infants with confirmed diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, were analyzed. Patients were administered montelukast at post‐bronchiolitis. Three trials showed no effects of montelukast on reducing the incidence of recurrent wheezing risk ratios (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55–1.12, p = 0.17), while two trials found that montelukast did reduce the frequency of recurrent wheezing and another two trials demonstrated no effects of montelukast on symptom‐free days. The pooled montelukast treatment group showed no significant effect on reducing the usage of corticosteroids, as compared to the placebo group (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.85–1.44, p = 0.45). Two trials showed that montelukast significantly decreased serum eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin levels, as compared to the control group. In general, the side effects of rash, vomiting, and insomnia caused by montelukast occurred in 1.5% of patients analyzed. The recent evidences indicate that montelukast may reduce the frequency of post‐bronchiolitic wheezing without causing significant side effects but that it has no effects on decreasing incidences of recurrent wheezing, symptom‐free days, or the associated usage of corticosteroid in post‐bronchiolitis patients. The small number of enrolled participants and the inability to pool all clinical outcomes precludes us from making solid recommendations.
Allergen immunotherapy decreases LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation in neutrophils from allergic patients
Authors: Ventura Inmaculada , Vega Antonio , Chamorro Cristina , Aroca Rocío , Gómez Elisa , Pineda Fernando , Palacios Ricardo , Blanca Miguel , Monteseirín Javier 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAllergen‐specific immunotherapy (IT) is widely used to treat allergic diseases. The molecular mechanisms have not been clarified yet completely. The present work was undertaken to analyze the effect of IT in the activation of NF‐κB.MethodsNeutrophils from 15 pollen‐allergic IT‐treated patients, 10 untreated pollen‐allergic patients, and 10 healthy donors were in vitro stimulated with LPS. NF‐κB activation (p65/p52) was measured in their nuclear extracts by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IκBα phosphorylation, NF‐κB‐repressing factor (NRF) activation, and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) release were measured by ELISA.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the score of symptoms and NF‐κB activation in human neutrophils. IT significantly decreased NF‐κB activation levels in neutrophils compared with neutrophils from untreated patients. IκBα phosphorylation and NRF activation levels were, respectively, significantly lower and higher in neutrophils from IT‐treated patients than from untreated patients. IL‐8 and TXA2 release were significantly lower in neutrophils from IT‐treated patients than from untreated patients.ConclusionsIT positive effects are at least in part mediated by the negative regulation of NF‐κB activation in human neutrophils. These observations represent a novel view of neutrophils as possible cell target to treat IgE‐dependent diseases through NF‐κB downmodulation.
Geophilomorph centipedes from the Cretaceous amber of Burma
Authors: Bonato Lucio , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Minelli Alessandro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe only previously known Mesozoic fossils of the chilopod order Geophilomorpha are two species from the Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous, both known from single specimens that cannot be assigned with precision to a family. Four specimens from the Late Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian) amber of Burma include three that can be identified as conspecific, described here as Kachinophilus pereirai gen. nov. sp. nov. These specimens preserve greater morphological detail in comparison with other fossil geophilomorphs: the form and fine features of the head, the maxillary complex, the trunk sternites with associated glandular pores and the ultimate pair of legs defend the assignment of the species to the extant family Geophilidae, and most probably to a derived subgroup including well‐known extant genera such as Ribautia Brölemann, 1909. Confocal laser scanning microscopy supplements examination under incident and transmitted light to document details of high taxonomic relevance in the head and the forcipular segment. The modern appearance of this species and its membership among deeply nested extant clades are consistent with molecular estimates that most of the diversity of crown‐group Geophilomorpha originated before the Late Cretaceous.
Evidence for a dioecious mating system in Early Jurassic Hardapestheria maxwelli gen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Spinicaudata) from the Kalkrand Formation of Namibia
Authors: Stigall Alycia L. , Hembree Daniel I. , Gierlowski‐Kordesch Elizabeth H. , Weismiller Heather C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new spinicaudatan (clam shrimp), Hardapestheria maxwelli gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Jurassic Kalkrand Formation of central Namibia. Specimens were collected from a sedimentary interbed within a succession of flood basalts. These are the first spinicaudatans to be described from the Jurassic of south‐western Africa. The new taxon is assigned to the family Eosestheriidae based on the combination of punctae and radial ornamentation on the carapace. Ornamentation on the growth bands in H. maxwelli differs from other eosestheriid genera because the punctate ornamentation is not restricted to the dorsal region of the carapace. Instead, all growth bands include a proximal region with punctae even though the distal portion of each growth band may exhibit anastomosing lirae. Among well‐documented Mesozoic spinicaudatan genera, Hardapestheria is most closely related to Carapacestheria from the contemporaneous Kirkpatrick Basalt of Antarctica and Yanjiestheria from the Early Cretaceous of China. Hardapestheria maxwelli displays sexual dimorphism, which can be definitively related to a dioecious mating system with discrete male and female individuals. Review of additional early members of the Eosestheriidae suggests that the maintenance of two discrete sexes was the ancestral state for the clade. The ability to discriminate sexual mating system type unambiguously is rare in fossils, and this new species sheds light on the relationship between environmental stability and mating system evolution.
Ammonoid palaeobiology
Authors: Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis, the second in the series of virtual issues of Palaeontology, charts the development of concepts in ammonoid palaeobiology, with reference to nine selected papers published in this journal from 1965 onwards. These cover a broad range of topics: goniatite bed palaeoecology, systematics and evolution in Scaphites, flow dynamics of cephalopod shells, shell growth and differential geometry, septal function, ammonoid assemblage analysis, evolutionary trends, stratocladistics, and soft part preservation. Despite the growth and success of palaeobiological interpretations of ammonoid evolution, life, morphology and environments over the last 50 years, ammonoid research retains a great potential for the future.
Application of nontargeted metabolite profiling to discover novel markers of quality traits in an advanced population of malting barley
Authors: Heuberger Adam L. , Broeckling Corey D. , Kirkpatrick Kaylyn R. , Prenni Jessica E. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe process of breeding superior varieties for the agricultural industry is lengthy and expensive. Plant metabolites may act as markers of quality traits, potentially expediting the appraisal of experimental lines during breeding. Here, we evaluated the utility of metabolites as markers by assessing metabolic variation influenced by genetic and environmental factors in an advanced breeding setting and in relation to the phenotypic distribution of 20 quality traits. Nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolite profiling was performed on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and malt from 72 advanced malting barley lines grown at two distinct but climatically similar locations, with 2‐row and 6‐row barley as the main genetic factors. 27 420 molecular features were detected, and the metabolite and quality trait profiles were similarly influenced by genotype and environment; however, malt was more influenced by genotype compared with barley. An O2PLS model characterized molecular features and quality traits that covaried, and 1319 features associated with at least one of 20 quality traits. An indiscriminant MS/MS acquisition and novel data analysis method facilitated the identification of metabolites. The analysis described 216 primary and secondary metabolites that correlated with multiple quality traits and included amines, amino acids, alkaloids, polyphenolics and lipids. The mechanisms governing quality trait–metabolite associations were interpreted based on colocalization to genetic markers and their gene annotations. The results of this study support the hypothesis that metabolism and quality traits are co‐influenced by relatively narrow genetic and environmental factors and illustrate the utility of grain metabolites as functional markers of quality traits.
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying seed protein and oil contents of soybean across multi‐genetic backgrounds and environments
Authors: Mao Tingting , Jiang Zhenfeng , Han Yingpeng , Teng Weili , Zhao Xue , Li Wenbin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSeed protein and oil contents are important quantitative traits in soybean. Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed protein and oil were mostly identified in single genetic background. The objective of this work was to identify QTL and their epistatic effects underlying seed protein and oil contents in three recombinant inbred line populations (two of them used one common female parent) across eight environments by composite interval mapping. Forty QTL underlying protein content and 35 QTL underlying oil content were identified. Among them, nine were universal QTL underlying protein content and four were universal QTL underlying oil content. Epistatic interactions between QTL underlying seed protein/oil and different genetic backgrounds were detected. Different pairs of epistatic interactions were observed in diverse genetic backgrounds across multi‐environments. Common marker intervals were observed to simultaneously underlie seed protein and oil contents with different epistatic interactions. The results in this study suggested that a specific genotype with high oil content and low protein content might significantly affect the selection of soybean lines for high seed protein.
Simultaneous improvement in cold tolerance and yield of temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) by introgression breeding
Authors: Meng Lijun , Lin Xiuyun , Wang Jinming , Chen Kai , Cui Yanru , Xu Jianlong , Li Zhikang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo combine high yield and improved cold tolerance (CT) in a japonica rice variety, ‘Chaoyou1’ (CY1), 324 BC2F5 introgression lines (ILs) selected for CT from 11 CY1 BC2F4 populations were evaluated in replicated experiments for their CT at the reproductive and seedling stages. A mean realized heritability of 0.747 was achieved in this study for CT. Evaluation of 116 ILs from five BC populations in replicated experiments under stress and normal conditions identified 18 promising ILs that had greatly improved CT and yield compared with CY1. Detailed comparisons between the ILs and CY1 for CT and yield‐related traits under stress and non‐stress conditions provided useful information and better understanding of important issues such as donor selection, selection efficiency and associated changes in non‐target traits in the BC breeding process. The large numbers of CT ILs developed provide useful materials for genetic, physiological and molecular dissection of CT and yield traits using DNA markers and ‐omic tools, and as parents for further improving these traits by designed QTL pyramiding.
Transcriptional reprogramming and stimulation of leaf respiration by elevated CO2 concentration is diminished, but not eliminated, under limiting nitrogen supply
Authors: MARKELZ R. J. CODY , LAI LISA X. , VOSSELER LAUREN N. , LEAKEY ANDREW D. B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPlant respiration responses to elevated CO2 concentration ( [CO2] ) have been studied for three decades without consensus about the mechanism of response. Positive effects of elevated [CO2] on leaf respiration have been attributed to greater substrate supply resulting from stimulated photosynthesis. Negative effects of elevated [CO2] on leaf respiration have been attributed to reduced demand for energy for protein turnover assumed to result from lower leaf N content. Arabidopsis thaliana was grown in ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) [CO2] with limiting and ample N availabilities. The stimulation of leaf dark respiration was attenuated in limiting N (+12%) compared with ample N supply (+30%). This response was associated with smaller stimulation of photosynthetic CO2 uptake, but not interactive effects of elevated CO2 and N supply on leaf protein, amino acids or specific leaf area. Elevated [CO2] also resulted in greater abundance of transcripts for many components of the respiratory pathway. A greater transcriptional response to elevated [CO2] was observed in ample N supply at midday versus midnight, consistent with reports that protein synthesis is greatest during the day. Greater foliar expression of respiratory genes under elevated [CO2] has now been observed in diverse herbaceous species, suggesting a widely conserved response.
Moderating mycorrhizas: arbuscular mycorrhizas modify rhizosphere chemistry and maintain plant phosphorus status within narrow boundaries
Authors: NAZERI NAZANIN K. , LAMBERS HANS , TIBBETT MARK , RYAN MEGAN H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPastures often experience a pulse of phosphorus (P) when fertilized. We examined the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the uptake of P from a pulse. Five legumes (Kennedia prostrata, Cullen australasicum, Bituminaria bituminosa, Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterraneum) were grown in a moderate P, sterilized field soil, either with (+AMF) or without (−AMF) addition of unsterilized field soil. After 9–10 weeks, half the pots received 15 mg P kg−1 of soil. One week later, we measured: shoot and root dry weights; percentage of root length colonized by AMF; plant P, nitrogen and manganese (Mn) concentrations; and rhizosphere carboxylates, pH and plant‐available P. The P pulse raised root P concentration by a similar amount in uncolonized and colonized plants, but shoot P concentration increased by 143% in uncolonized plants and 53% in colonized plants. Inoculation with AMF decreased the amount of rhizosphere carboxylates by 52%, raised rhizosphere pH by ∼0.2–0.7 pH units and lowered shoot Mn concentration by 38%. We conclude that AMF are not simply a means for plants to enhance P uptake when P is limiting, but also act to maintain shoot P within narrow boundaries and can affect nutrient uptake through their influence on rhizosphere chemistry.
Age versus stage: does ontogeny modify the effect of phosphorus and arbuscular mycorrhizas on above‐ and below‐ground defence in forage sorghum?
Authors: MILLER REBECCA E. , GLEADOW ROSLYN M. , CAVAGNARO TIMOTHY R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) can increase plant acquisition of P and N. No published studies have investigated the impact of P and AM on the allocation of N to the plant defence, cyanogenic glucosides. We investigated the effects of soil P and AM on cyanogenic glucoside (dhurrin) concentration in roots and shoots of two forage sorghum lines differing in cyanogenic potential (HCNp). Two harvest times allowed plants grown at high and low P to be compared at the same age and the same size, to take account of known ontogenetic changes in shoot HCNp. P responses were dependent on ontogeny and tissue type. At the same age, P‐limited plants were smaller and had higher shoot HCNp but lower root HCNp. Ontogenetically controlled comparisons showed a P effect of lesser magnitude, and that there was also an increase in the allocation of N to dhurrin in shoots of P‐limited plants. Colonization by AM had little effect on shoot HCNp, but increased root HCNp and the allocation of N to dhurrin in roots. Divergent responses of roots and shoots to P, AM and with ontogeny demonstrate the importance of broadening the predominantly foliar focus of plant defence studies/theory, and of ontogenetically controlled comparisons.
Concurrent Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Inflammatory Acne, Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp, and Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a 16‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Koshelev Misha V. , Garrison Paige A. , Wright Teresa S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report the case of a 16‐year‐old boy who presented to our clinic with concomitant hidradenitis suppurativa, inflammatory acne, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and pyoderma gangrenosum. Recent reports describe the co‐occurrence of pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This case further expands the spectrum of concomitant pyoderma gangrenosum and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.
Clinicopathologic features of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders arising after pediatric small bowel transplant
Authors: Nassif S. , Kaufman S. , Vahdat S. , Yazigi N. , Kallakury B. , Island E. , Ozdemirli M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFew studies examined the clinicopathologic features of PTLD arising in pediatric SBT patients. Particularly, the association between ATG and PTLD in this population has not been described. Retrospective review of 81 pediatric patient charts with SBT – isolated or in combination with other organs – showed a PTLD incidence of 11%, occurring more frequently in females (median age of four yr) and with clinically advanced disease. Monomorphic PTLD was the most common histological subtype. There was a significant difference in the use of ATG between patients who developed PTLD and those who did not (p < 0.01); a similar difference was seen with the use of sirolimus (p < 0.001). These results suggested a link between the combination of ATG and sirolimus and development of more clinically and histologically advanced PTLD; however, the risk of ATG by itself was not clear. EBV viral loads were higher in patients with PTLD, and median time between detection of EBV to PTLD diagnosis was three months. However, viral loads at the time of PTLD diagnosis were most often lower than at EBV detection, thereby raising questions on the correlation between decreasing viral genomes and risk of PTLD.
Basiliximab with delayed introduction of calcineurin inhibitors as a renal‐sparing protocol following liver transplantation in children with renal impairment
Authors: Mouzaki M. , Yap J. , Avinashi V. , Babu A. , Fu A. , Deangelis M. , Van Roestel K. , Ghanekar A. , Kamath B. , Avitzur Y. , Fecteau A. , Jones N. , Ling S. , Grant D. , Ng V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRenal impairment is frequently compromised in patients with end‐stage liver disease and is associated with increased long‐term mortality post‐LT. In contrast to CNI, basiliximab is an immunosuppressive agent with minimal nephrotoxic potential. This study reviews the experience of a single pediatric liver transplant center's renal‐sparing approach with the use of basiliximab and MMF to compensate for delayed entry of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of organ availability. There were no differences in renal function between pediatric patients with and without pre‐LT renal impairment within the first year (cGFR: 135 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 144 mL/min/1.73 m2; p = 0.56) or at 5–8 yr following LT, (129 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 130 mL/min/1.73 m2; p = 0.97). In addition, there was no difference in ACR rates (50% vs. 43%, p = 0.62) between patients in the basiliximab group and those patients receiving standard CNI and steroid strategies. The utilization of a renal‐sparing approach with basiliximab alongside delayed entry and lower early target trough levels of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of LT is safe and maintains excellent long‐term kidney function.
Processing of model calling songs by the prothoracic AN2 neurone and phonotaxis are significantly correlated in individual female Gryllus bimaculatus
Authors: SAMUEL LESLIE , STUMPNER ANDREAS , ATKINS GORDON , STOUT JOHN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSyllable period (SP) selective calling song processing has been demonstrated for the prothoracic, AN2 auditory neurone that correlates very well with SP‐selective phonotaxis by female cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer. Both SP‐selective processing by the AN2 and the phonotactic behaviour of the female exhibit substantial plasticity. Thus, the question remains as to whether the selective responses of the AN2 neurone and the selective behaviour of the female match in an individual female. The present study is designed to answer that question. The SP‐selective phonotactic behaviour of individual females is evaluated, followed immediately by measuring the SP‐selective responses of the same female's AN2 neurone. Very significant correlations are found between the selective responses of the AN2 neurone and the same female's selective behaviour. In 208 possible comparisons (26 females, eight behavioural and neuronal tests each), 186 resulted in matches between behaviour and neuronal processing. Dividing the SP‐selective females into two groups (one group that responded phonotactically to the shortest SP tested and a second group that did not respond to this SP) resulted in significantly more selective responses to this shortest SP by the AN2 neurone in the females that responded phonotactically to the SP than for the females who did not respond to the shortest SP. The behavioural responses by these two groups to the other SPs tested are shown to be essentially identical.
Inwardness and Sociability: A Reply to Carter
Authors: Campbell Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCarter argues that Wittgensteinian moral philosophy – typified by the work of Raimond Gaita and Christopher Cordner – rests on shaky foundations because it vacillates between grounding moral judgements in grammar and in a form of life. In this article, I respond to Carter's criticism. I defend Wittgensteinian moral philosophy by showing that Gaita and Cordner specifically repudiate the purported dichotomy between grammar and a form of life. I then go on to explain why Wittgensteinian moral philosophers are right not to try to ground moral judgements in features of a shared form of life.