bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRIM65 regulates microRNA activity by ubiquitination of TNRC6
Authors: Li Shitao , Wang Lingyan , Fu Bishi , Berman Michael A. , Diallo Alos , Dorf Martin E. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a large family of small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in diverse biological pathways of both plants and animals. We used a combination of proteomic and functional analyses of proteins associated with the miRNA pathway to identify the ubiquitin E3 ligase tripartite motif 65 (TRIM65) and five other genes implicated in regulation of miRNA activity in human cells. Biochemical analysis established that TRIM65 forms stable complexes with trinucleotide repeat containing six (TNRC6) proteins and that these molecules colocalize in processing body-like structures. Gain of function and RNAi analyses reveal that TRIM65 regulates miRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, TRIM65 represents a new negative regulator of miRNA activity.
UNC93B1 is essential for the plasma membrane localization and signaling of Toll-like receptor 5
Authors: Huh Ji-Won , Shibata Takuma , Hwang Misun , Kwon Eun-Hye , Jang Min Seong , Fukui Ryutaro , Kanno Atsuo , Jung Da-Jung , Jang Myoung Ho , Miyake Kensuke , Kim You-Me 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key innate immune receptors that sense pathogen- or danger-associated molecules. The members of the TLR family can be classified into two groups based on their subcellular localization patterns—cell surface vs. endolysosomes—but how individual TLR is targeted to its destination is largely unknown. UNC93B1 was regarded to specifically bind the endolysosomal TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum and deliver them to endolysosomes with no role for the surface-localized TLRs. In this study, we demonstrate that TLR5, a cell surface receptor for bacterial protein flagellin, also binds UNC93B1 and requires it for plasma membrane localization and signaling, thus revealing a previously unappreciated role of UNC93B1 in the regulation of the TLR family.
Extracortical origin of some murine subplate cell populations
Authors: Pedraza María , Hoerder-Suabedissen Anna , Albert-Maestro María Amparo , Molnár Zoltán , De Carlos Juan A. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Early-generated subplate cells play important roles in development of the cerebral cortex. Although it has been assumed that most subplate cells are generated in the cortical germinative zone, here we describe an alternative site of neurogenesis, the rostromedial telencephalic wall. The rostromedial telencephalic wall gives rise to both subplate projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Both populations migrate tangentially to the cortex and strongly express the Lpar1-eGFP transgene. This unusual extracortical source of subplate projection neurons and interneurons is challenging the currently accepted scheme of cortical development.
Histone demethylase KDM5B is a key regulator of genome stability
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Ling , Yang Shangda , Song Nan , Zhou Xing , Gao Jie , Yu Na , Shan Lin , Wang Qian , Liang Jing , Xuan Chenghao , Wang Yan , Shang Yongfeng , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2014

Significance
DNA double-strand breaks are generally repaired in the context of highly organized chromatin. However, how epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of the genetic fidelity remains poorly understood. Here we report that lysine-specific histone demethylase 5B (KDM5B), a well-defined transcriptional repressor, promotes double-strand break signaling and is required for efficient DNA repairs. We demonstrated that KDM5B, in doing so, functions to orchestrate checkpoint activation and cell survival after DNA damage. Our results provide evidence to indicate that KDM5B is an important genome caretaker and a critical regulator of genome stability.
Large, stratified, and mechanically functional human cartilage grown in vitro by mesenchymal condensation
Authors: Bhumiratana Sarindr , Eton Ryan E. , Oungoulian Sevan R. , Wan Leo Q. , Ateshian Gerard A. , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The ability to regenerate functional cartilage from adult human mesenchymal stem cells would have tremendous clinical impact. Despite significant efforts, mechanically functional human cartilage has not been grown in vitro. We report engineering of functional human cartilage from mesenchymal stem cells, by mimicking the physiologic developmental process of mesenchymal cell condensation. Condensed mesenchymal bodies were induced to fuse and form mechanically functional cartilaginous tissue interfacing with bone, without using a scaffolding material. We demonstrate that this simple “biomimetic” approach can be used to generate centimeter-sized, anatomically shaped pieces of human cartilage with physiologic stratification and mechanical properties. Functional human cartilage grown from a patient’s own cells using this method could greatly accelerate the development of new therapeutic modalities for cartilage repair.
Undocumented water column sink for cadmium in open ocean oxygen-deficient zones
Authors: Janssen David J. , Conway Tim M. , John Seth G. , Christian James R. , Kramer Dennis I. , Pedersen Tom F. , Cullen Jay T. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Cadmium (Cd), a trace nutrient for marine algae, has a marine distribution that closely matches the macronutrients nitrate and phosphate. Sedimentary microfossil records of Cd provide reconstructions of past ocean nutrient distributions that facilitate understanding the role of the oceans in the carbon cycle and climate change. However, incomplete knowledge of processes that control the addition and removal of Cd in the ocean, and Cd’s variability relative to major nutrients, limit use of the paleoceanographic proxy. We present coupled data of Cd concentration and isotopic composition in seawater and suspended marine particles, indicating direct removal of Cd via coprecipitation with sulfide in oxygen-deficient waters. Thus, the marine Cd cycle may be highly sensitive to the extent of global oceanic oxygen depletion.
Inhaled oxytocin increases positive social behaviors in newborn macaques
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Sclafani Valentina , Paukner Annika , Hamel Amanda F. , Novak Melinda A. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Suomi Stephen J. , Ferrari Pier Francesco 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Oxytocin promotes positive social behaviors in several species and therefore may be a therapeutic tool for neurodevelopmental disorders. It remains untested, however, whether oxytocin may affect infants, and whether effects may vary depending on infants’ social skills or interest. To test these predictions, we administered nebulized oxytocin to rhesus macaque newborns. Macaques, like humans, engage in complex face-to-face mother–infant interactions. Oxytocin increased infants’ affiliative communicative gestures and decreased salivary cortisol, and higher oxytocin levels were associated with greater social interest. Infants with stronger imitative skills were most positively influenced by oxytocin, suggesting that oxytocin sensitivity may underlie early social motivation. These results suggest that oxytocin may be a promising early intervention for infants at risk for abnormal social functions.
Structure of the branched intermediate in protein splicing
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Frutos Silvia , Bick Matthew J. , Vila-Perelló Miquel , Debelouchina Galia T. , Darst Seth A. , Muir Tom W. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
We report the crystal structure of an intein poised to carry out the rate-limiting step in protein splicing, namely the attack of a conserved Asn side-chain amide on the adjacent backbone amide, leading to resolution of the branched intermediate in the process. The structure reveals that the Asn assumes an unprecedented ready-to-attack conformational state. Guided by this structure, we used protein semisynthesis methods to show that a backbone-to-side-chain hydrogen-bond is critical to position the Asn side-chain for attack and activate it as a nucleophile. This mechanistic insight has general implications for the study of other enzymatic processes involving nucleophilic Asn and Gln residues. The study highlights the power of the combined structural and semisynthesis methods for dissecting protein catalysis.
GFRα1 released by nerves enhances cancer cell perineural invasion through GDNF-RET signaling
Authors: He Shuangba , Chen Chun-Hao , Chernichenko Natalya , He Shizhi , Bakst Richard L. , Barajas Fernando , Deborde Sylvie , Allen Peter J. , Vakiani Efsevia , Yu Zhenkun , Wong Richard J. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceIn this study, we identify nerve-released glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor (GFR)α1 as a key factor that enhances perineural invasion (PNI) through GDNF-Ret proto-oncogene (RET) signaling. We demonstrate that GFRα1 is released from nerves in a soluble form and cooperates with secreted GDNF to activate cancer cell surface RET, activating downstream signaling, cancer cell migration, and PNI. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PNI and define the specific cancer cell requirements necessary for PNI to occur. This work promotes the concept that a ligand and receptor both released by the microenvironment may cooperate together to facilitate cancer invasion. These findings highlight the key participatory role that the nerve microenvironment plays in enabling cancer perineural invasion.
Income inequality in today’s China
Authors: Xie Yu , Zhou Xiang 
Published: April 2014

Significance
We document a rapid increase in income inequality in China’s recent past, capitalizing on newly available survey data collected by several Chinese university survey organizations. By now, China’s income inequality not only surpasses that of the United States by a large margin but also ranks among the highest in the world, especially in comparison with countries with comparable or higher standards of living. We argue that China’s current high income inequality is significantly driven by structural factors attributable to the Chinese political system, the main structural determinants being the rural-urban divide and the regional variation in economic well-being.
Declines in large wildlife increase landscape-level prevalence of rodent-borne disease in Africa
Authors: Young Hillary S. , Dirzo Rodolfo , Helgen Kristofer M. , McCauley Douglas J. , Billeter Sarah A. , Kosoy Michael Y. , Osikowicz Lynn M. , Salkeld Daniel J. , Young Truman P. , Dittmar Katharina 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceUnderstanding the effects of biodiversity loss on zoonotic disease is of pressing importance to both conservation science and public health. This paper provides experimental evidence of increased landscape-level disease risk following declines in large wildlife, using the case study of the rodent-borne zoonosis, bartonellosis, in East Africa. This pattern is driven not by changes in community composition or diversity of hosts, as frequently proposed in other systems, but by increases in abundance of susceptible hosts following large mammal declines. Given that rodent increases following large wildlife declines appear to be a widespread pattern, we suggest this relationship is likely to be general.
The ideational clinch of the Roman Catholic Church and the EU
Authors: Kratochvíl Petr , Doležal Tomáš 
Published: April 2014

The article explores the so far largely ignored question of the political relations between the European Union and the Roman Catholic Church. It analyzes the deeper mutual ideational influences of the two entities, asking whether there has been a convergence of views about several basic political notions between the Church and the EU. The analysis centres on the Church’s approach to four fundamental notions related to the EU – (1) secularism, (2) the individual(ism), (3) free market, and (4) the state, stressing in particular the discursive strategies the Church employs to defend its own position. The conclusion focuses on the relation between the RCC’s “theopolitical” imagination and the EU’s political form and argues that the surprisingly strong support of the Church for the integration process is not only a result of theaggiornamento, but a peculiar example of the Church’s ongoing Europeanization. Methodologically, the paper builds on a discourse analysis of almost 160 documents released by the three key Church bodies which often comment on the EU: the Commission of the Bishops’ Conferences of the European Community, the Council of European Bishops’ Conferences, and the Curia.
Estructura Interna Y Capacidad Predictiva de las Teorias Implicitas: Un Estudio Sobre la Mujer
Authors: Pérez Armando Rodríguez , Méndez Rosaura González 
Published: April 2014

El propósito de esta investigación fue demostrar la similitud estructural entre las teorías implícitas y otros esquemas de conocimiento. Para ello, nos servimos de las creencias que tiene el hombre de la calle sobre la capacidad laboral de las mujeres. Después de observar la existencia de seis tipos de representaciones, la tradicional, la progresistas, la laboral, la biológica, la educacional y la psicológica, extrajimos 124 proposiciones causales de fuentes literarias, científicas e históricas. La primera investigación estudió el grado de pertenencia de las proposiciones a cada teoría mediante puntuaciones de tipicidad y polaridad, de acuerdo con la técnica de Rosch (1973). La dos siguientes probaron a través de un diseño factorial que la representación de las teorías generaba predicciones bien diferenciadas, tanto en conducta laboral como en elección vocacional. Los resultados se discuten contrastándolos con los obtenidos en los estudios sobre categorías naturales y scripts conductuales.
Diferencias sociodemográficas en la satisfacción marital: el caso de México
Authors: de Weiss Susan Pick , Palos Patricia Andrade 
Published: April 2014

Este estudio se refiere a un análisis de las diferencias sociodemográficas que están presentes en la satisfacción marital en relación a la interacción en las parejas, aspectos emocionales y estructurales del cónyuge. Las variables sociodemográficas que se consideran son, a saber: sexo, nümero de años de casados, edad, escolaridad y nümero de hijos. Se aplicaron las tres subescalas de la Escala de Satisfacción Marital (Pick de Weiss y Andrade Palos, sometido a publicación) en la Ciudad de México, a una muestra de 244 personas casadas. Se encontraron diferencias con respecto al sexo del sujeto, su escolaridad y nümero de años casados, en lo que respecta a la satisfacción con la interacción conyugal. En relación a satisfacción con aspectos emocionales del cónyuge se obtuvieron diferencias en el nümero de hijos y las variables que mostraron diferencias significativas en el factor de satisfacción con aspectos estructurales del cónyuge fueron sexo y nümero de hijos.
La lógica de la acción colectiva: tres modelos de análisis de la participación política no institucional
Authors: Valencia J. F. 
Published: April 2014

En el presente estudio se sometieron a prueba tres Modelos explicativos de la Participación Política No Institucional, el Modelo Actitudinal (que incluía Actitud y Norma Social—Fishbein y Ajzen), el Modelo Motivacional de Recursos (que incluía Motivo Selectivo, Social, y Colectivo—Klandermans) y el Modelo Psicosocial (que incluía recursos a diferentes niveles de análisis). Tomando el Porcentaje de Varianza Explicada como un índice de poder explicativo, el Modelo Psicosocial fue el que mayor peso obtuvo. También se demostró un mayor peso explicativo del Modelo Motivacional de recursos sobre el Actitudinal. Finalmente, de cara a la Explicación de la Lógica de la Acción Colectiva, se asume la importancia de la intencionalidad de los actores colectivos, pues la explicación causal no es suficiente. En otras palabras, se asume la necesidad de tomar en cuenta que las razones pueden ser causas del comportamiento.
Individuals Receiving Specialized Treatment for Drug and Alcohol Dependence and Gambling Disorder in Israel—Characteristics and Implications for Prevalence Estimates
Authors: Lev-Ran Shaul , Florentin Iris , Feingold Daniel , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

Background Substance dependence is one of the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gambling disorder has recently been included as an addictive disorder in DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) and is associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity and respective disability. Nevertheless, the vast majority of those suffering from these disorders do not receive treatment. In Israel, prevalence of substance dependence has traditionally been estimated to be lower than those in high-income countries, though prevalence estimates from the recent decade are lacking. Moreover, characteristics of individuals seeking treatment for substance dependence and gambling disorder have not been published. Methods In this study, the authors analyzed data from the Israel National Addiction Registry, a computerized database that includes sociodemographic characteristics of all individuals treated in specialized public facilities for substance dependence and gambling disorders in the years 2003–2012. Results The prevalence of treatment utilization for drug and alcohol dependence and gambling disorders were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.01%, respectively. These rates generally remained stable throughout the last decade. Individuals seeking treatment for alcohol dependence were in the lower socioeconomic status (SES) cluster, whereas those seeking treatment for drug dependence were in the midrange SES clusters, findings that are generally in concurrence with characteristics of treatment seekers in high-income countries. Conclusions Prevalence estimates based on reports indicating that approximately 10% of individuals with substance dependence seek treatment suggest rates of alcohol dependence in Israel that are substantially higher those previously published, though still lower than most high-income countries. Nationwide epidemiologic studies exploring current rates of substance dependence and gambling disorder in Israel are urgently needed, and treatment options should be planned and funded accordingly. Potential reasons for these apparent low rates of treatment utilization for these disorders in Israel should be explored in order to improve services provided for this population.
Identification and characterization of thermotolerant acetic acid bacteria strains isolated from coconut water vinegar in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perumpuli PABN , Watanabe Taisuke , Toyama Hirohide 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
From the pellicle formed on top of brewing coconut water vinegar in Sri Lanka, three Acetobacter strains (SL13E-2, SL13E-3, and SL13E-4) that grow at 42 °C and four Gluconobacter strains (SL13-5, SL13-6, SL13-7, and SL13-8) grow at 37 °C were identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus and Gluconobacter frateurii, respectively. Acetic acid production by the isolated Acetobacter strains was examined. All three strains gave 4% acetic acid from 6% initial ethanol at 37 °C, and 2.5% acetic acid from 4% initial ethanol at 40 °C. Compared with the two other strains, SL13E-4 showed both slower growth and slower acetic acid production. As well as the thermotolerant SKU1108 strain, the activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase and the aldehyde dehydrogenase of SL13E-2 and SL13E-4 were more stable than those of the mesophilic strain. The isolated strains were used to produce coconut water vinegar at higher temperatures than typically used for vinegar production.
Inhibitor screening of lactate dehydrogenase C4 from black-lipped pika in the Western Sichuan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qinglian , He Qinghua , Xue Fulai , Ma Jinhu 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Studies indicated that lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) was a good target protein for development of contraceptive drugs. Virtual screening and in vitro enzyme assay using pika LDH-C4 as target protein revealed NSC61610, NSC215718, and NSC345647 with Ki of 7.8, 27, and 41 μM separately. This study might be helpful for development of pika contraceptive drugs.
Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines by enzymatic Pictet–Spengler reaction
Authors: Nishihachijo Masakatsu , Hirai Yoshinori , Kawano Shigeru , Nishiyama Akira , Minami Hiromichi , Katayama Takane , Yasohara Yoshihiko , Sato Fumihiko , Kumagai Hidehiko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the stereoselective Pictet–Spengler reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as the first step of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis in plants. Recent studies suggested that NCS shows relatively relaxed substrate specificity toward aldehydes, and thus, the enzyme can serve as a tool to synthesize unnatural, optically active tetrahydroisoquinolines. In this study, using an N-terminally truncated NCS from Coptis japonica expressed in Escherichia coli, we examined the aldehyde substrate specificity of the enzyme. Herein, we demonstrate the versatility of the enzyme by synthesizing 6,7-dihydroxy-1-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 6,7-dihydroxy-1-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in molar yields of 86.0 and 99.6% and in enantiomer excess of 95.3 and 98.0%, respectively. The results revealed the enzyme is a promising catalyst that functions to stereoselectively produce various 1-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
A region corresponding to second aspartate-rich motif in tryptophan isoprenylating enzyme, ComQ, serves as a substrate-binding site
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Ishihara Ayako , Yamasaki Risa , Tsuji Fumitada , Hayashi Shunsuke , Usami Syohei , Sakagami Youji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Posttranslational isoprenylation of a tryptophan residue identified from Bacillus quorum sensing pheromone, ComX pheromone, is unique and essential for the bioactivity. A modifying enzyme, ComQ, forms ComX pheromone from the ComX precursor and isoprenyl pyrophosphate and exhibits moderate similarity to isoprenyl pyrophosphate synthases. We investigated non-conserved region in ComQ, corresponding to isopentenyl pyrophosphate binding region of the synthases, using in vitro cell-free isoprenylation. These results suggested that the only conserved aspartic acid residue in the region of ComQ is critical for enzyme activity and responsible for ComX binding. Our findings should contribute to basic understanding of the mechanism of tryptophan isoprenylation.
Overexpression, purification, and characterization of Paenibacillus cell surface-expressed chitinase ChiW with two catalytic domains
Authors: Itoh Takafumi , Sugimoto Ikumi , Hibi Takao , Suzuki Fumiko , Matsuo Koichi , Fujii Yutaka , Taketo Akira , Kimoto Hisashi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Paenibacillus sp. strain FPU-7 produces several different chitinases and effectively hydrolyzes robust chitin. Among the P. FPU-7 chitinases, ChiW, a novel monomeric chitinase with a molecular mass of 150 kDa, is expressed as a cell surface molecule. Here, we report that active ChiW lacking the anchoring domains in the N-terminus was successfully overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The two catalytic domains at the C-terminal region were classified as typical glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases, whereas the N-terminal region showed no sequence similarity to other known proteins. The vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum of the enzyme strongly suggested the presence of a β-stranded-rich structure in the N-terminus. Its biochemical properties were also characterized. Various insoluble chitins were hydrolyzed to N,N’-diacetyl-D-chitobiose as the final product. Based on amino acid sequence similarities and site-directed mutagenesis, Glu691 and Glu1177 in the two GH-18 domains were identified as catalytic residues.