bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Confined Pt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Yang Junhao , Yang Chang , Hu Hanyu , Zhang Qian , Luo Guanyu , Kong Weijie , Chen Yingquan , Yang Haiping , Wang Deli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping advanced electrocatalysts toward the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction is essential for the large‐scale application of fuel cells. Pt‐based catalysts have been known to exhibit optimal ORR performance compared with other metal‐based counterparts. However, their long‐term stability and toxic tolerance still need further improvement. Numerous optimization strategies have been employed in the past few years to enhance the ORR comprehensive performance of Pt‐based electrocatalysts, and tremendous progress has been achieved. Among various optimization strategies, the confinement strategy can not only inhibit the coalescence of catalysts during high‐temperature preparation but also mitigate the aggregation, detachment, and dissolution during the electrochemical process, which motivates this review. After addressing the fundamental ORR mechanism and the superiority of confined strategies, we categorize and review various Pt‐based catalysts confined by different materials, including organic compounds, inorganic oxides and carbon materials. Their synthesis routes are discoursed first, then their structure and performance optimization are highlighted. Subsequently, the principle of confinement strategy to enhance the catalyst ORR performance is also discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives on the materials selection, synthesis design, technology improvement, and practical application of confined Pt‐based catalysts are proposed.
Catalytic Atroposelective Construction of Furan‐Based Axially Chiral Scaffolds
Authors: Tan Wei , Wu Xin‐Yue , Shi Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAxially chiral furan‐based scaffolds have been recognized as a class of important five‐membered heteroaryl atropisomers, and developing catalytic atroposelective reactions for constructing this class of scaffolds is highly desirable. However, the catalytic atroposelective construction of such scaffolds is rather underdeveloped due to the existence of great challenges such as remote ortho‐substituents and weak configurational stability. To overcome these challenges, synthetic chemists have recently paid great attention to this research field, and a number of axially chiral furan‐based scaffolds have been constructed via catalytic atroposelective reactions using different strategies. This concept summarized these advances in this field and pointed out the remaining challenges, which will promote the further development of this emerging field.
Recent Advances of Monolithic Metal Mesh‐Based Catalysts for CO Oxidation
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Jing , Liu Baodan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review systematically evaluates the research and applications of metal mesh‐based catalysts for CO oxidation. CO is a hazardous gas that affects human health and the environment. Traditional cordierite‐based catalysts have drawbacks such as complex preparation, high costs, poor stability, and limited catalytic activity, necessitating exploration of alternative solutions. Monolithic metal mesh‐based catalysts, using metal substrates like Ti, Cu, Fe, FeCrAl, stainless steel, Al and Ni, could address these problems effectively. Generally, each metal mesh requires specific pretreatments to roughen surface and facilitate the loading of active species. Plasma electrolytic oxidation is particularly effective for Ti and Al mesh. This results in a monolithic metal mesh‐based catalyst with uniform surface distribution and fully exposed active species. The review also summarizes in‐situ preparation strategies for metal mesh‐based catalysts and their progress in CO oxidation. Finally, the development potential of metal mesh‐based catalysts is discussed, emphasizing the significant challenges and future prospects for industrial applications.
Correspondence on “Beyond the Dimer and Trimer: Tetraspiro[2.1.25.1.29.1.213.13]hexadecane‐1,3,5,7‐tetraone – the Cyclic Tetramer of Carbonylcyclopropane”
Authors: Thimmakondu Venkatesan S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name given in the title is incorrect. The correct IUPAC name for this molecule is tetraspiro[2.1.25.1.29.1.213.13]hexadecane‐4,8,12,16‐tetraone. The incorrect name given in the title, unfortunately, makes the carbon atom hexavalent at two different (3 and 5) positions. In addition, the two other keto groups (at positions 1 and 7) would appear on two of the cyclopropane rings if one adopts to the incorrect name. Nevertheless, this wrong name is a good example to discuss the importance of IUPAC nomenclature in the classroom with students.
Relevance and Potential Applications of C2‐Carboxylated 1,3‐Azoles
Authors: Janssen Kerrin , Kirchmair Johannes , Proppe Jonny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an economically viable and abundant carbon source that can be incorporated into compounds such as C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles relevant to the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and pesticide industries. Of the 2.4 million commercially available C2‐unsubstituted 1,3‐azole compounds, less than 1 % are currently purchasable as their C2‐carboxylated derivatives, highlighting the substantial gap in compound availability. This availability gap leaves ample opportunities for exploring the synthetic accessibility and use of carboxylated azoles in bioactive compounds. In this study, we analyze and quantify the relevance of C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles in small‐molecule research. An analysis of molecular databases such as ZINC, ChEMBL, COSMOS, and DrugBank identified relevant C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles as anticoagulant and aroma‐giving compounds. Moreover, a pharmacophore analysis highlights promising pharmaceutical potential associated with C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles, revealing the ATP‐sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1 (KATP) and Kinesin‐like protein KIF18 A as targets that can potentially be addressed with C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles. Moreover, we identified several bioisosteres of C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles. In conclusion, further exploration of the chemical space of C2‐carboxylated 1,3‐azoles is recommended to harness their full potential in drug discovery and related fields.
Solving the Puzzle of the Carbonic Acid Vibrational Spectrum – an Anharmonic Story
Authors: Schlagin Jonas , Dinu Dennis F. , Bernard Jürgen , Loerting Thomas , Grothe Hinrich , Liedl Klaus R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAgainst the general belief that carbonic acid is too unstable for synthesis, it was possible to synthesize the solid[1,2] as well as gas‐phase carbonic acid.[3] It was suggested that solid carbonic acid might exist in Earth's upper troposphere and in the harsh environments of other solar bodies,[4] where it undergoes a cycle of synthesis, decomposition, and dimerization.[5] To provide spectroscopic data for probing the existence of extraterrestrial carbonic acid,[2,6] matrix‐isolation infrared (MI–IR) spectroscopy has shown to be essential.[3,4,6–8] However, early assignments within the harmonic approximation using scaling factors impeded a full interpretation of the rather complex MI–IR spectrum of H2CO3. Recently, carbonic acid was detected in the Galactic center molecular cloud,[9] triggering new interest in the anharmonic spectrum.[10] In this regard, we substantially reassign our argon MI–IR spectra based on accurate anharmonic calculations. We calculate a four‐mode potential energy surface (PES) at the explicitly correlated coupled‐cluster theory using up to triple‐zeta basis sets, i. e., CCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVTZ−F12. On this PES, we perform vibrational self‐consistent field and configuration interaction (VSCF/VCI) calculations to obtain accurate vibrational transition frequencies and resonance analysis of the fundamentals, first overtones, and combination bands. In total, 12 new bands can be assigned, extending the spectral data for carbonic acid and thus simplifying detection in more complex environments. Furthermore, we clarify disputed assignments between the cc‐ and ct‐conformer.
B‐Site Doping Boosts the OER and ORR Performance of Double Perovskite Oxide as Air Cathode for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ozgur Cagla , Erdil Tuncay , Geyikci Uygar , Yildiz Ilker , Lokcu Ersu , Toparli Cigdem 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDouble perovskite oxides are key players as oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction catalysts in alkaline media due to their tailorable electronic structures by doping. In this study, we synthesized B‐site doped NdBaCoaFe2‐aO5+δ (a=1.0, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8) electrocatalysts, systematically probed their bifunctionality and assessed their performance in zinc‐air batteries as air cathodes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals a correlation between iron reduction and increased oxygen vacancy content, influencing electrocatalyst bifunctionality by lowering the work function. The electrocatalyst with highest cobalt content, NdBaCo1.8Fe0.2O5+δ exhibited a bifunctionality value of 0.95 V, outperforming other synthesized electrocatalysts. Remarkably, NdBaCo1.8Fe0.2O5+δ, demonstrated facilitated charge transfer rate in oxygen evolution reaction with four‐electron oxygen reduction reaction process. As an air cathode in a zinc‐air battery, NdBaCo1.8Fe0.2O5+δ demonstrated superior performance characteristics, including maximum capacity of 428.27 mA h at 10 mA cm−2 discharge current density, highest peak power density of 64 mW cm−2, with an enhanced durability and stability. It exhibits lowest voltage gap change between charge and discharge even after 350 hours of cyclic operation with a rate capability of 87.14 %.
Fine Structural Analysis of Degummed Fibroin Fibers Reveals Its Superior Mechanical Capabilities
Authors: Eliaz D. , Kellersztein I. , Miali M. E. , Benyamin D. , Brookstein O. , Daraio C. , Wagner H. D. , Raviv U. , Shimanovich U. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBombyx mori silk fibroin fibers constitute a class of protein building blocks capable of functionalization and reprocessing into various material formats. The properties of these fibers are typically affected by the intense thermal treatments needed to remove the sericin gum coating layer. Additionally, their mechanical characteristics are often misinterpreted by assuming the asymmetrical cross‐sectional area (CSA) as a perfect circle. The thermal treatments impact not only the mechanics of the degummed fibroin fibers, but also the structural configuration of the resolubilized protein, thereby limiting the performance of the resulting silk‐based materials. To mitigate these limitations, we explored varying alkali conditions at low temperatures for surface treatment, effectively removing the sericin gum layer while preserving the molecular structure of the fibroin protein, thus, maintaining the hierarchical integrity of the exposed fibroin microfiber core. The precise determination of the initial CSA of the asymmetrical silk fibers led to a comprehensive analysis of their mechanical properties. Our findings indicate that the alkali surface treatment raised the Young′s modulus and tensile strength, by increasing the extent of the fibers’ crystallinity, by approximately 40 % and 50 %, respectively, without compromising their strain. Furthermore, we have shown that this treatment facilitated further production of high‐purity soluble silk protein with rheological and self‐assembly characteristics comparable to those of native silk feedstock, initially stored in the animal′s silk gland. The developed approaches benefits both the development of silk‐based materials with tailored properties and the proper mechanical characterization of asymmetrical fibrous biological materials made of natural building blocks.
Impacts of climate change on the potential distribution of Pulex simulans and Polygenis gwyni
Authors: Wang Zihao , Chang Nan , Li Hongyun , Wei Xiaohui , Shi Yuan , Li Ke , Li Jinyu , Guo Chenran , Liu Qiyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulex simulans and Polygenis gwyni are vectors of many flea‐borne diseases. They were widely recorded in the United States and Mexico between 1970 and 2000. Maximum entropy models were used to explore the habitats of both fleas under different climate scenarios to provide the scientific basis for the surveillance and control of flea‐borne diseases. We screened climate variables by principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation test and evaluated model performance by ROC curve. ArcMap was used to visualize expressions. Under current climatic conditions, the medium and highly suitable areas for P. simulans are estimated to be 9.16 × 106 km2 and 4.97 × 106 km2, respectively. These regions are predominantly located in South America, along the Mediterranean coast of Europe, the southern part of the African continent, the Middle East, North China, and Australia. For P. gwyni, the medium and highly suitable areas under current climatic conditions are approximately 4.01 × 106 and 2.04 × 106 km2, respectively, with the primary distribution in North China extending to the Himalayas, near the Equator in Africa, and in a few areas of Europe. Under future climate scenarios, in the SSP3‐7.0 scenario for the years 2081–2100, the area of high suitability for P. simulans is projected to reach its maximum. Similarly, in the SSP2‐4.5 scenario for 2061–2080, the area of high suitability for P. gwyni is expected to reach its maximum. Under global climate change, there is a large range in the potential distribution for both fleas, with an overall upward trend in the area of habitat under future climate scenarios. Governments should develop scientific prevention and control measures to prevent the invasive alien species flea.
Associations among MHC genes, latitude, and avian malaria infections in the rufous‐collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis)
Authors: Rivero de Aguilar Juan , Barroso Omar , Bonaccorso Elisa , Cadena Hector , Hussing Lucas , Jorquera Josefina , Martinez Javier , Martínez‐de la Puente Josué , Marzal Alfonso , León Miranda Fabiola , Merino Santiago , Matta Nubia E. , Ramenofsky Marilyn , Rozzi Ricardo , Valeris‐Chacín Carlos E. , Vásquez Rodrigo A. , Vianna Juliana A. , Wingfield John C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region in jawed vertebrates that contains key genes involved in the immune response. Associations between the MHC and avian malaria infections in wild birds have been observed and mainly explored in the Northern Hemisphere, while a general lack of information remains in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated the associations between the MHC genes and infections with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus blood parasites along a latitudinal gradient in South America. We sampled 93 rufous‐collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) individuals from four countries, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, and estimated MHC‐I and MHC‐II allele diversity. We detected between 1–4 (MHC‐I) and 1–6 (MHC‐II) amino acidic alleles per individual, with signs of positive selection. We obtained generalized additive mixed models to explore the associations between MHC‐I and MHC‐II diversity and latitude. We also explored the relationship between infection status and latitude/biome. We found a non‐linear association between the MHC‐II amino acidic allele diversity and latitude. Individuals from north Chile presented a lower MHC genetic diversity than those from other locations. We also found an association between deserts and xeric shrublands and a lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites. Our results support a lower MHC genetic in arid or semi‐arid habitats in the region with the lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites.
Evaluating host diet effects on microparasites by measuring the stoichiometry of infrapopulations one cell at a time
Authors: Narr Charlotte F. , Binger Scott , Sedlacek Erin , Anderson Bianca , Shoemaker Grace , Stanley Adrienne , Stokoski Madison , Hall Ed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProgress in the field of ecological stoichiometry has demonstrated that the outcome of ecological interactions can often be predicted a priori based on the nutrient ratios (e.g., carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus, C:N:P) of interacting organisms. However, the challenges of accurately measuring the nutrient content of active parasites within hosts has limited our ability to rigorously apply ecological stoichiometry to host–parasite systems. Traditional nutrient analyses require high parasite biomasses, often preventing individual‐level analyses. This prevents researchers from estimating variation in the nutrient content of individual parasites within a single host infrapopulation, a critical factor that could define how the ecology of the parasite affects the host–parasite interaction. Here, we explain how energy dispersive technology, a technique currently used to measure the elemental content of free‐living microbes, can be adapted for parasitic microbial infrapopulations. We demonstrate the power of accurately quantifying the biomass stoichiometry of individual microbial parasites sampled directly from individual hosts. Using this approach, we show that the stoichiometric composition of two microbial parasites capable of infecting the same host are stoichiometrically distinct and respond to host diet quality differently. We also demonstrate that characteristics of the stoichiometric trait distributions of these infrapopulations were important predictors of host fecundity, a proxy for virulence in this system, and better predictors of parasite load than the mean parasite stoichiometry or our parasite and diet treatments alone. EDS provides a rigorous tool for applying ecological stoichiometry to host–parasite systems and enables researchers to explore the nutritional physiology of host–parasite interactions at a scale that is more relevant to the ecology and evolution of the system than traditional nutrient analyses. Here we demonstrate that this level of resolution provides useful insights into the diet‐dependent physiology of microbial parasites and their hosts. We anticipate that this improved level of resolution has the potential to elucidate a range of eco–evo interactions in host–parasite systems that were previously unobservable.
Risk of invasive waterfowl interaction with poultry production: Understanding potential for avian pathogen transmission via species distribution models
Authors: Jackson Reilly T. , Marshall Percival M. , Burkhart Chris , Schneck Julia , Kelly Grant , Roberts Caleb P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza have devastated poultry production across the United States, with more than 77 million birds culled in 2022–2024 alone. Wild waterfowl, including various invasive species, host numerous pathogens, including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), and have been implicated as catalysts of disease outbreaks among native fauna and domestic birds. In major poultry‐producing states like Arkansas, USA, where the poultry sector is responsible for significant economic activity (>$4 billion USD in 2022), understanding the risk of invasive waterfowl interactions with domestic poultry is critical. Here, we assessed the risk of invasive waterfowl‐poultry interaction in Arkansas by comparing the density of poultry production sites (chicken houses) to areas of high habitat suitability for two invasive waterfowl species, (Egyptian Goose [Alopochen aegyptiaca] and Mute Swan [Cygnus olor]), known to host significant pathogens, including avian influenza viruses. The percentage of urban land cover was the most important habitat characteristic for both invasive waterfowl species. At the 95% confidence interval, chicken house densities in areas highly suitable for both species (Egyptian Goose = 0.91 ± 0.11 chicken houses/km2; Mute Swan = 0.61 ± 0.03 chicken houses/km2) were three to five times higher than chicken house densities across the state (0.17 ± 0.01 chicken houses/km2). We show that northwestern and western Arkansas, both areas of high importance for poultry production, are also at high risk of invasive waterfowl presence. Our results suggest that targeted monitoring efforts for waterfowl‐poultry contact in these areas could help mitigate the risk of avian pathogen exposure in Arkansas and similar regions with high poultry production.
De‐novo assembly of four rail (Aves: Rallidae) genomes: A resource for comparative genomics
Authors: Gaspar Julien , Trewick Steve A. , Gibb Gillian C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRails are a phenotypically diverse family of birds that includes 130 species and displays a wide distribution around the world. Here we present annotated genome assemblies for four rails from Aotearoa New Zealand: two native volant species, pūkeko Porphyrio melanotus and mioweka Gallirallus philippensis, and two endemic flightless species takahē Porphyrio hochstetteri and weka Gallirallus australis. Using the sequence read data, heterozygosity was found to be lowest in the endemic flightless species and this probably reflects their relatively small populations. The quality checks and comparison with other rallid genomes showed that the new assemblies were of good quality. This study significantly increases the number of available rallid genomes and will enable future genomic studies on the evolution of this family.
The evolutionary adaptation of wood‐decay macrofungi to host gymnosperms differs from that to host angiosperms
Authors: Zhang Xuetong , Dong Yuran , Li Yuying , Wu Xiuping , Chen Siyu , Wang Mingyuan , Li Yao , Ge Zhiwei , Zhang Min , Mao Lingfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWood‐decay macrofungi play a vital role in forest ecosystems by promoting nutrient cycling and soil structure, and their evolution is closely related to their host plants. This study investigates the potential evolutionary adaptation of wood‐decay macrofungi to their host plants, focusing on whether these relationships differ between gymnosperms and angiosperms. While previous research has suggested non‐random associations between specific fungi and plant deadwood, direct evidence of evolutionary adaptation has been lacking. Our study, conducted in a subtropical region, utilized metabarcoding techniques to identify deadwood species and associated fungi. We found significant evidence of evolutionary adaptation when considering all sampled species collectively. However, distinct patterns emerged when comparing angiosperms and gymnosperms: a significant evolutionary adaptation was observed of wood‐decay macrofungi to angiosperms, but not to gymnosperms. This variation may be due to the longer evolutionary history and more stable species interactions of gymnosperms, as indicated by a higher modularity coefficient (r = .452), suggesting greater specialization. In contrast, angiosperms, being evolutionarily younger, displayed less stable and more coevolving interactions with fungi, reflected in a lower modularity coefficient (r = .387). Our findings provide the first direct evidence of differential evolutionary adaptation dynamics of these fungi to angiosperms versus gymnosperms, enhancing our understanding of forest ecosystem carbon cycling and resource management.