bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation, Growth, and Asset Prices
Authors: KUNG HOWARD , SCHMID LUKAS 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWe examine the asset pricing implications of a production economy whose long‐term growth prospects are endogenously determined by innovation and R&D. In equilibrium, R&D endogenously drives a small, persistent component in productivity that generates long‐run uncertainty about economic growth. With recursive preferences, households fear that persistent downturns in economic growth are accompanied by low asset valuations and command high‐risk premia in asset markets. Empirically, we find substantial evidence for innovation‐driven low‐frequency movements in aggregate growth rates and asset market valuations. In short, equilibrium growth is risky.
Dividend Dynamics and the Term Structure of Dividend Strips
Authors: BELO FREDERICO , COLLIN‐DUFRESNE PIERRE , GOLDSTEIN ROBERT S. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMany leading asset pricing models are specified so that the term structure of dividend volatility is either flat or upward sloping. These models predict that the term structures of expected returns and volatilities on dividend strips (i.e., claims to dividends paid over a prespecified interval) are also upward sloping. However, the empirical evidence suggests otherwise. This discrepancy can be reconciled if these models replace their proposed dividend dynamics with processes that generate stationary leverage ratios. Under such policies, shareholders are forced to divest (invest) when leverage is low (high), which shifts risk from long‐ to short‐horizon dividend strips.
CEO Connectedness and Corporate Fraud
Authors: KHANNA VIKRAMADITYA , KIM E. HAN , LU YAO 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTWe find that connections CEOs develop with top executives and directors through their appointment decisions increase the risk of corporate fraud. Appointment‐based CEO connectedness in executive suites and boardrooms increases the likelihood of committing fraud and decreases the likelihood of detection. Additionally, it decreases the expected costs of fraud by helping conceal fraudulent activity, making CEO dismissal less likely upon discovery, and lowering the coordination costs of carrying out illegal activity. Connections based on network ties through past employment, education, or social organization memberships have insignificant effects on fraud. Appointment‐based CEO connectedness warrants attention from regulators, investors, and corporate governance specialists.
Identifying autism early: The Toddlers at Risk of Autism Clinic model
Authors: Davis Tessa , Clifton Deirdre , Papadopoulos Con 
Published: January 2015

AimThis paper describes the Toddlers at Risk of Autism Clinic (TRAC), which utilises the Social Attention and Communication Study (SACS) and/or Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) play‐based assessments to facilitate the early diagnosis of autism.MethodsA retrospective audit was conducted of all 42 children assessed over a 3‐year period in the TRAC. A semi‐structured interview and play‐based assessment (SACS and ADEC) were used to aid experienced clinicians in diagnosing autism. Intervention was recommended, and families were routinely followed up. Analysis was conducted on the tools used, the outcomes of assessment, diagnosis and stability of diagnosis on follow‐up.ResultsDuring this period, 35 boys and 7 girls were assessed, with a mean age of 25 months. The average waiting time for clinic was 11.6 weeks. Twenty‐five patients were diagnosed with autism; 90.5% of toddlers given an initial diagnosis retained that diagnosis at follow‐up. Out of the 17 children who were not diagnosed with autism in the TRAC, one child was later diagnosed with autism.ConclusionExperienced clinicians can use the SACS and/or ADEC to assist with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnosis of autism in toddlers.
Circulating concentrations of a marker of type I collagen metabolism are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation status in ragdoll cats
Authors: Borgeat K. , Dudhia J. , Luis Fuentes V. , Connolly D. J. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVESHuman carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated sarcomeric mutations have abnormal collagen metabolism before overt left ventricular hypertrophy is detectable. This study investigated whether differences in collagen biomarkers were present in blood samples of ragdoll cats positive for the MYBPC3:R820W mutation compared with negative controls.MATERIALS AND METHODSCats were recruited for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy screening using echocardiography and genotyping. Circulating markers of collagen turnover (C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CITP; type I collagen degradation] and N‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen [type III collagen synthesis]) and cardiac biomarkers (N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin I) were measured. Correlation between concentrations of collagen biomarkers and echocardiographic variables was analysed, and collagen biomarker concentrations were compared between MYBPC3 mutation positive and negative cats, without left ventricular hypertrophy.RESULTSLinear regression analyses showed that genotype was independently associated with CITP concentration. CITP was higher in mutation carriers (25 · 4 µg/L, interquartile range 16 · 0–29 · 2 µg/L) than non‐carriers (14 · 6 µg/L, interquartile range 9 · 38–19 · 2 µg/L; P = 0 · 024).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCECirculating CITP was higher in MYBPC3‐positive ragdoll cats than negative controls and may indicate altered collagen metabolism. Further studies are necessary to determine whether alterations in circulating collagen biomarker concentration relate to an early stage of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Self‐reported sleep duration is associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate among adults with hypertension: a population‐based study from rural northeast China
Authors: Guo Xiaofan , Yu Shasha , Li Zhao , Guo Liang , Zheng Liqiang , Yang Hongmei , Zou Lu , Hu Wenyu , Zhou Ying , Zhu Luoning , Zhang Yonghong , Sun Yingxian 
Published: January 2015

SummaryShort sleep duration has been found recently to be a predictor of proteinuria. However, population‐based investigations addressing the association between self‐reported sleep duration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among hypertensive patients are lacking. We therefore sought to investigate the extent to which self‐reported sleep duration might be associated with reduced GFR in a large hypertensive population in rural northeast China. A total of 5555 hypertensive participants, aged ≥35 years, in rural areas of Liaoning Province, China, were screened between January 2012 and August 2013, using a stratified, cluster multi‐stage sampling scheme. Anthropometric measurements, self‐reported sleep duration, blood biochemical indexes and other health‐related variables were collected by medically trained personnel. Reduced GFR was defined as the estimated GFR (eGFR) < 60 mL min−1 1.73 m2. On average, participants slept for 6.9 ± 1.6 h per night. Mean self‐reported sleep duration decreased with eGFR (P < 0.001). For both genders, a lower prevalence of reduced GFR was observed among participants who slept ≤6 h per night in total. In the multivariable regression model, after adjustments for age, gender, ethnicity, lifestyle factors, clinical correlates, depressive symptoms and general quality of life, participants who slept for 6 h or less per night were associated with a higher risk of reduced GFR [odds ratio (OR: 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–2.73] compared with the reference group (self‐reported sleep duration >7 and ≤8 h day−1). We concluded that short self‐reported sleep duration (≤6 h per night) was related significantly to an increased risk of reduced GFR in a hypertensive population. This novel risk factor should be taken into consideration during daily management of hypertension to prevent chronic kidney disease.
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin following oral and subcutaneous administration in the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus)
Authors: Scheelings T. F. , Devi J. L. , Woodward A. P. , Whittem T. 
Published: January 2015

[Correction added on 23 March 2015, after first online publication: Terminal half‐life values of enrofloxacin is corrected in the fourth sentence of the abstract] Clinically healthy common ringtail possums (n = 5) received single doses of 10 mg/kg enrofloxacin orally and then 2 weeks later subcutaneously. Serial plasma samples were collected over 24 h for each treatment phase, and enrofloxacin concentrations were determined using a validatedHPLCassay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Following oral administration, plasma concentrations were of therapeutic relevance (Cmaxmedian 5.45 μg/mL, range 2.98–6.9 μg/mL), with terminal‐phase half‐life (t½) shorter than in other species (median 3.09 h, range 1.79–5.30 h). In contrast, subcutaneous administration of enrofloxacin did not achieve effective plasma concentrations, with plasma concentrations too erratic to fit the noncompartmental model except in one animal. On the basis of theAUC:MIC, enrofloxacin administered at 10 mg/kg orally, but not subcutaneously, is likely to be effective against a range of bacterial species that have been reported in common ringtail possums.
The safety of high‐dose buprenorphine administered subcutaneously in cats
Authors: Sramek M. K. , Haas M. C. , Coleman G. D. , Atterson P. R. , Hamlin R. L. 
Published: January 2015

The safety of a proprietary formulation of buprenorphine hydrochloride administered subcutaneously (SC) to young cats was investigated in a blinded, randomized study. Four cohorts of eight cats aged approximately 4 months were administered saline, 0.24, 0.72 or 1.20 mg/kg/day buprenorphine SC for nine consecutive days, representing 0×, 1×, 3× and 5× of the intended dose. Cats were monitored daily for evidence of clinical reactions, food and water intake and adverse events (AEs). Physical examinations, clinical pathology, vital signs and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were evaluated at protocol‐specified time points. Complete necropsy and histopathologic examinations were performed following humane euthanasia. Four buprenorphine‐treated cats experienced AEs during the study, two unrelated and two related to study drug administration. The two cats with AEs considered related to drug administration had clinical signs of hyperactivity, difficulty in handling, disorientation, agitation and dilated pupils in one 0.24 mg/kg/day cat and one 0.72 mg/kg/day cat. All of these clinical signs were observed simultaneously. There were no drug‐related effects on survival, injection response, injection site inspections, body weight, food or water consumption, bleeding time, urinalysis, respiration rate, heart rate, ECGs, blood pressures, body temperatures, macroscopic examinations or organ weights. Once daily buprenorphine s.c. injections at doses of 0.24, 0.72 and 1.20 mg/kg/day for 9 consecutive days were well tolerated in young domestic cats.
In vitroassessment of chloramphenicol and florfenicol as second‐line antimicrobial agents in dogs
Authors: Maaland M. G. , Mo S. S. , Schwarz S. , Guardabassi L. 
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of chloramphenicol and florfenicol as second‐line antimicrobial agents for treatment of infections caused by methicillin‐resistantStaphyococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) and extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producingEscherichia coliin dogs, through a systematicin vitroassessment of the pharmacodynamic properties of the two drugs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and phenicol resistance genes were determined for 169S. pseudintermediusand 167E. coliisolates. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), time‐killing kinetics, and postantibiotic effect (PAE) of both agents against wild‐type isolates of each species were assessed. ForS. pseudintermedius,the chloramphenicol MIC90was 32 μg/mL. No florfenicol resistance was detected in this species (MIC90 = 4 μg/mL). The MIC90of both agents againstE. coliwas 8 μg/mL. Resistance genes found werecatpC221inS. pseudintermediusandcatA1and/orfloRinE. coli. The phenicols displayed a time‐dependent, mainly, bacteriostatic effect on both species. Prolonged PAEs were observed forS. pseudintermedius, and no PAEs were detected forE. coli. More research into determination of PK/PD targets of efficacy is needed to further assess the clinical use of chloramphenicol and florfenicol as second‐line agents in dogs, optimize dosage regimens, and set up species‐specific clinical break points.
Thermoluminescence dating of the Kamil impact crater (Egypt)
Authors: Sighinolfi Gian Paolo , Sibilia Emanuela , Contini Gabriele , Martini Marco 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) dating has been used to determine the age of the meteorite impact crater at Gebel Kamil (Egyptian Sahara). Previous studies suggested that the 45 m diameter structure was produced by a fall in recent times (less than 5000 years ago) of an iron meteorite impactor into quartz‐arenites and siltstones belonging to the Lower Cretaceous Gilf Kebir Formation. The impact caused the complete fragmentation of the impactor, and the formation of a variety of impactites (e.g., partially vitrified dark and light materials) present as ejecta within the crater and in the surrounding area. After a series of tests to evaluate the TL properties of different materials including shocked intra‐crater target rocks and different types of ejecta, we selected a suite of light‐colored ejecta that showed evidence of strong thermal shock effects (e.g., partial vitrification and the presence of high‐temperature and ‐pressure silica phases). The abundance of quartz in the target rocks, including the vitrified impactites, allowed TL dating to be undertaken. The variability of radioactivity of the intracrateric target rocks and the lack of direct in situ dosimetric evaluations prevented precise dating; it was, however, possible to constrain the impact in the 2000 BC–500 AD range. If, as we believe, the radioactivity measured in the fallback deposits is a reliable estimate of the mean radioactivity of the site, the narrower range 1600–400 BC (at the 2σ confidence level) can be realistically proposed.
Contemporary human‐altered landscapes and oceanic barriers reduce bumble bee gene flow
Authors: Jha S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMuch of the world's terrestrial landscapes are being altered by humans in the form of agriculture, urbanization and pastoral systems, with major implications for biodiversity. Bumble bees are one of the most effective pollinators in both natural and cultivated landscapes, but are often the first to be extirpated in human‐altered habitats. Yet, little is known about the role of natural and human‐altered habitats in promoting or limiting bumble bee gene flow. In this study, I closely examine the genetic structure of the yellow‐faced bumble bee,Bombus vosnesenskii, across the southwestern US coast and find strong evidence that natural oceanic barriers, as well as contemporary human‐altered habitats, limit bee gene flow. Heterozygosity and allelic richness were lower in island populations, while private allelic richness was higher in island populations compared to mainland populations. Genetic differentiation, measured for three indices across the 1000 km study region, was significantly greater than the null expectation (FST = 0.041,F’ST = 0.044 andDest = 0.155) and correlated with geographic distance. Furthermore, genetic differentiation patterns were most strongly correlated with contemporary (2011) not past (2006, 2001) resistance maps calibrated for high dispersal limitation over oceans, impervious habitat and croplands. Despite the incorporation of dramatic elevation gradients, the analyses reveal that oceans and contemporary human land use, not mountains, are the primary dispersal barriers forB. vosnesenskiigene flow. These findings reinforce the importance of maintaining corridors of suitable habitat across the distribution range of native pollinators to promote their persistence and safeguard their ability to provide essential pollination services.
Heterozygosity–fitness correlations in a declining seabird population
Authors: Velando Alberto , Barros Álvaro , Moran Paloma 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLoss of genetic diversity is thought to lead to increased risk of extinction in endangered populations due to decreasing fitness of homozygous individuals. Here, we evaluated the presence of inbreeding depression in a long‐lived seabird, the European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), after a severe decline in population size by nearly 70%. During three reproductive seasons, 85 breeders were captured and genotyped at seven microsatellite loci. Nest sites were monitored during the breeding season to estimate reproductive success as the number of chicks surviving to full‐size‐grown per nest. Captured birds were tagged with a ring with an individual code, and resighting data were collected during 7‐year period. We found a strong effect of multilocus heterozygosity on female reproductive performance, and a significant, although weaker, effect on breeder survival. However, our matrix population model suggests that this relatively small effect of genetic diversity on breeder survival may have a profound effect on fitness. This highlights the importance of integrating life history consequences in HFC studies. Importantly, heterozygosity was correlated across loci, suggesting that genomewide effects, rather than single loci, are responsible for the observed HFCs. Overall, the HFCs are a worrying symptom of genetic erosion in this declining population. Many long‐lived species are prone to extinction, and future studies should evaluate the magnitude of fitness impact of genetic deterioration on key population parameters, such as survival of breeders.
Images, Reality And Truth: Some Philosophical Considerations
Authors: Sia Santiago 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Developments in technology and communications have enhanced the status
and role of imaging. They have resulted not just in the excellent quality of
images but also in the speed and ease of distributing or communicating them.
But with the welcome advances have also come undesirable and even
threatening consequences for both individuals and society generally. These
have presented challenges and issues which need to be addressed urgently.
The essay considers these from a philosophical perspective. Focusing first
on the tension between image and reality, it provides a philosophical
background to the debate. It then discusses the question of truth and the
related issues of the right to know, freedom of speech and privacy. It
provides the foundation for these fundamental rights but also examines the
tensions or conflicts in their exercise. The essay then offers and discusses
some guidelines to deal with these challenges and issues; namely, the
criteria of appropriateness and acceptability and the importance of
accountability. It suggests that in addition, given the frailty of human
nature and the lessons of history, society also needs the support of laws
and policies.
How to Change the Past in One‐Dimensional Time
Authors: Loss Roberto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe possibility of changing the past by means of time‐travel appears to depend on the possibility of distinguishing the past as it is ‘before’ and ‘after’ the time‐travel. So far, all the metaphysical models that have been proposed to account for the possibility of past‐changing time‐travels operate this distinction by conceiving of time as multi‐dimensional, and thus by significantly inflating our metaphysics of time. The aim of this article is to argue that there is an intuitive sense in which past‐changing time‐travels are metaphysically possible also in one‐dimensional time.
Rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis: time series analysis
Authors: Celik Cem , Gozel Mustafa Gokhan , Turkay Hakan , Bakici Mustafa Zahir , Güven Ahmet Sami , Elaldi Nazif 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the effects of changes in weather conditions (monthly average temperature, monthly minimum temperature, monthly average humidity) on rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis frequency and whether there was a seasonal correlation.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2012, 4702 fecal samples were taken from patients ≤5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis; these samples were analyzed in terms of rotavirus group A and adenovirus serotype 40–41 antigens using time‐series and negative binomial regression analysis.ResultsRotavirus antigens were found in 797 samples (17.0%), adenovirus antigens in 113 samples (2.4%), and rotavirus and adenovirus antigens together in 16 samples (0.3%). There was a seasonal change in rotavirus gastroenteritis (P < 0.001), and a 1°C decrease in average temperature increased the ratio of rotavirus cases in those with diarrhea by 0.523%. In addition, compared with data from other years, the number of patients was lower in the first month of 2008 and in the second month of 2012, when the temperature was below −20°C (monthly minimum temperature). There was no statistically significant relationship between adenovirus infection and change in weather conditions.ConclusionVarious factors such as change in weather conditions, as well as the population's sensitivity and associated changes in activity, play a role in the spread of rotavirus infection.
Effects of Bovine Serum Albumin on Boar Sperm Quality During Liquid Storage at 17°C
Authors: Zhang X‐G , Yan G‐J , Hong J‐Y , Su Z‐Z , Yang G‐S , Li Q‐W , Hu J‐H 
Published: January 2015

ContentsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Boar semen samples were collected and diluted with Modena containing different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/l) of BSA, and sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured and analysed. The results showed that Modena supplemented with 3, 4 and 5 g/l BSA could improve boar sperm motility, effective survival time and plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), decrease MDA content (p < 0.05), while no statistical difference was observed for sperm acrosome integrity and T‐AOC activity among these three groups (p > 0.05). The semen sample diluted with Modena containing 4 g/l BSA could achieve optimum effect, and sperm survival time was 7.5 days. After 7 days preservation, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were 54%, 49% and 78%, respectively. T‐AOC activity and MDA content were 1.03 U/ml and 17.5 nmol/ml, respectively. In conclusion, Modena supplemented with BSA reduced the oxidative stress and improved the sperm quality of boar semen during liquid storage at 17°C, and 4 g/l BSA was the optimum concentration. Further studies are required to obtain more concrete results on the determination of antioxidant capacities of BSA in liquid preserved boar semen.