bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different bone regeneration patterns in periimplant circumferential gap defects grafted with two types of osteoconductive biomaterial
Authors: Lee Jung‐Seok , Sohn Joo‐Yeon , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Jung Ui‐Won , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to determine healing patterns in periimplant gap defect grafted with demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and porous titanium granules (PTG), which are known to induce a minimal tissue reaction and to undergo minimal biodegradation in healing process. Experiments were performed using a standardized periimplant gap‐defect model in dogs with two observational periods: 4 and 8 weeks. Circumferential defects were surgically induced around dental implants on unilateral mandibles in five dogs, and collagen barrier membranes were placed over the DBBM and PTG grafts at two experimental sites and over a nongrafted site. Four weeks later, the same procedures were performed on the contralateral mandible, and the animals allowed to heal for a further 4 weeks, after which they were sacrificed and their mandibles with graft/control sites harvested for histologic evaluation. Both types of grafted biomaterials significantly enhanced the defect fill with newly formed bone, but the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was significantly increased only at sites that had been grafted with DBBM. The two experimental sites exhibited different healing patterns, with new bone formation being observed on the surface of the DBBM particles throughout the defect, while there was no de novo bone formation on the PTG surface, but rather appositional bone growth from the base and lateral walls of the defect. It has been suggested that gap‐defect filling with DBBM around dental implants may enhance both BIC and defect fill; however, the present findings show that defect grafting with PTG enhances only defect fill and not BIC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1202–1209, 2016.
Nitinol: Tubing versus sputtered film – microcleanliness and corrosion behavior
Authors: Wohlschlögel Markus , Lima de Miranda Rodrigo , Schüßler Andreas , Quandt Eckhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCorrosion behavior and microcleanliness of medical‐device grade Nitinol tubing (NixTi1‐x, x
0.51; outer diameter 7 mm, wall thickness 0.5 mm), drawn from various ingot qualities, are compared to the characteristics of sputtered Nitinol film material (NixTi1‐x, x = 0.51; thickness 50 µm). Electropolished tubing half‐shell samples are tested versus as‐received sputtered film samples. Inclusion size distributions are assessed using quantitative metallography and corrosion behavior is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization testing in phosphate‐buffered saline at body temperature. For the sputtered film samples, the surface chemistry is additionally analyzed employing Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) composition‐depth profiling. Results show that the fraction of breakdowns in the potentiodynamic polarization test correlates with number and size of the inclusions in the material. For the sputtered Nitinol film material no inclusions were detectable by light microscopy on the one hand and no breakdowns were found in the potentiodynamic polarization test on the other hand. As for electropolished Nitinol, the sputtered Nitinol film material reveals Nickel depletion and an Oxygen‐to‐Titanium intensity ratio of ∼2:1 in the surface oxide layer, as measured by AES. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1176–1181, 2016.
Educational Inequalities in Post-Hip Fracture Mortality: A NOREPOS Studys
Authors: Omsland Tone K , Eisman John A , Næss Øyvind , Center Jacqueline R , Gjesdal Clara G , Tell Grethe S , Emaus Nina , Meyer Haakon E , Søgaard Anne Johanne , Holvik Kristin , Schei Berit , Forsmo Siri , Magnus Jeanette H 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Hip fractures are associated with high excess mortality. Education is an important determinant of health, but little is known about educational inequalities in post-hip fracture mortality. Our objective was to investigate educational inequalities in post-hip fracture mortality and to examine whether comorbidity or family composition could explain any association. We conducted a register-based population study of Norwegians aged 50 years and older from 2002 to 2010. We measured total mortality according to educational attainment in 56,269 hip fracture patients (NORHip) and in the general Norwegian population. Both absolute and relative educational inequalities in mortality in people with and without hip fracture were compared. There was an educational gradient in post-hip fracture mortality in both sexes. Compared with those with primary education only, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of mortality in hip fracture patients with tertiary education was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.87) in men and 0.79 (95% CI 0.75–0.84) in women. Additional adjustments for Charlson comorbidity index, marital status, and number of children did not materially change the estimates. Regardless of educational attainment, the 1-year age-adjusted mortality was three- to fivefold higher in hip fracture patients compared with peers in the general population without fracture. The absolute differences in 1-year mortality according to educational attainment were considerably larger in hip fracture patients than in the population without hip fracture. Absolute educational inequalities in mortality were higher after hip fracture compared with the general population without hip fracture and were not mediated by comorbidity or family composition. Investigation of other possible mediating factors might help to identify new targets for interventions, based on lower educational attainment, to reduce post-hip fracture mortality. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Influence of S100A6 on CacyBP/SIP Phosphorylation and Elk‐1 Transcriptional Activity in Neuroblastoma NB2a Cells
Authors: Wasik Urszula , Kadziolka Beata , Kilanczyk Ewa , Filipek Anna 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we have found that casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the CacyBP/SIP protein under in vitro conditions and have mapped the phosphorylation site to threonine 184. Moreover, we present evidence that S100A6, a CacyBP/SIP interacting protein, inhibits this phosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+. CacyBP/SIP phosphorylation by CKII was also observed in neuroblastoma NB2a cells. Interestingly, we have found that the effect of DRB, a CKII inhibitor, on CacyBP/SIP phosphorylation state is similar to that of S100A6 overexpression. Phosphorylation at threonine 184 seems to have an effect on CacyBP/SIP phosphatase activity since the T184E phosphorylation mimic mutant overexpressed in NB2a cells has lower phosphatase activity toward p‐ERK1/2 when compared to the non‐phosphorylable T184A mutant or to the wild‐type protein. In conclusion, our data suggest that S100A6 and Ca2+, through inhibiting CacyBP/SIP phosphorylation on threonine 184, are important regulators of CacyBP/SIP phosphatase activity and of ERK1/2‐Elk‐1 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 126–131, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involvement of ALAD‐20S Proteasome Complexes in Ubiquitination and Acetylation of Proteasomal α2 Subunits
Authors: Schmitt Sara M. , Neslund‐Dudas Christine , Shen Min , Cui Cindy , Mitra Bharati , Dou Q. Ping 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway has gained attention as a potential chemotherapeutic target, owing to its importance in the maintenance of protein homeostasis and the observation that cancer cells are more dependent on this pathway than normal cells. Additionally, inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by their inhibitors like Vorinostat (SAHA) has also proven a useful strategy in cancer therapy and the concomitant use of proteasome and HDAC inhibitors has been shown to be superior to either treatment alone. It has also been reported that delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is a proteasome‐associated protein, and may function as an endogenous proteasome inhibitor. While the role of ALAD in the heme biosynthetic pathway is well characterized, little is known about its interaction with, and the mechanism by which it inhibits, the proteasome. In the present study, this ALAD‐proteasome complex was further characterized in cultured prostate cancer cells and the effects of SAHA treatment on the regulation of ALAD were investigated. ALAD interacts with the 20S proteasomal core, but not the 19S regulatory cap. Some ubiquitinated species were detected in ALAD immunoprecipitates that have similar molecular weights to ubiquitinated proteasomal α2 subunits, suggesting preferred binding of ALAD to ubiquitinated α2. Additionally, SAHA treatment increases levels of ALAD protein and an acetylated protein with a molecular weight similar to the ubiquitinated α2 subunit. Thus, the results of this study suggest that ALAD may play a regulatory role in a previously unreported post‐translational modification of proteasomal α subunits. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 144–151, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Growth Response Protein‐1 Expression by Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 Requires ROS‐Dependent Activation of ERK1/2 and PKB Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Youreva Viktoria , Srivastava Ashok K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTEarly growth response protein‐1 (Egr‐1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of several genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), a potent mitogen, is believed to contribute to the development of CVD through the hyperactivation of mitogenic and growth promoting pathways, including the MAPK and PKB pathways, as well as regulation of multiple transcription factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to mediate the effects of IGF‐1 and are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities. We have previously shown that IGF‐1 induces the expression of Egr‐1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC); however, the signaling pathways involved in this process remain unexplored. Therefore, we have investigated the involvement of MAPK, PKB, and ROS in IGF‐1‐induced Egr‐1 expression in VSMC. Treatment of VSMC with IGF‐1 enhanced Egr‐1 protein levels in a time and dose‐dependent fashion and PD98059 and SP600125, two selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK, respectively, significantly decreased IGF‐1‐induced increase in Egr‐1 expression in these cells. In addition, blockade of PI3‐K/PKB pathways by Wortmannin/SC‐66 respectively, also attenuated IGF‐1‐induced Egr‐1 protein as well as mRNA expression. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, blocked the Egr‐1 expression in response to IGF‐1. In summary, these data demonstrate that ROS‐dependent activation of ERK1/2/JNK, PI3‐K/PKB signaling events play a critical role in IGF‐1 induced expression of Egr‐1 in VSMC. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 152–162, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial distribution of soil organic matter in two fields on tidal flat sediments (Zhejiang Province, China) differing in duration of paddy management
Authors: Kölbl Angelika , Mueller‐Niggemann Cornelia , Schwark Lorenz , Cao Zhi‐Hong , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDespite of its ecological and economic importance, only limited information is available on spatial variability of soil organic C (OC) in paddy fields during soil development. To obtain deeper insights into the accumulation and spatial distribution of OC with ongoing paddy management, the present study investigates spatial heterogeneities in puddled topsoil layers, in the plough pan, as well as in the underlying subsoil of a 50‐ and 300‐y old paddy site at the area of Cixi (Hangzhou Bay, E China). Sampling of the plots was done on the basis of a regular, orthogonal grid. The grid combined a large‐scale design with distances of 5 m with a small‐scale nested sampling ranging within 0.5 to 1 m. Samples have been taken with an auger in three sampling depths: (1) puddled topsoil layer, (2) dense plough layer, (3) mixed subsoil horizon. All samples were analyzed for their OC and total N concentrations as well as for their soil color (lightness value) to assess relationships between soil lightness and OC amount and distribution. The spatial behavior of all analyzed parameters in the different soil layers was investigated by calculating variograms; the degree of spatial dependence was determined by nugget‐to‐sill ratios. The results show that for each analyzed soil layer, OC and N concentrations were significantly higher in the field with 300 y of paddy management than in the field with 50 y of paddy management. Topsoil OC concentrations changed from 13.8 to 23.6 mg g−1, OC in the plough layer changed from 3.3 to 9.6 mg g−1, and also the subsoil showed a slight increase from 2.9 to 3.3 mg g−1.Although only two points in time were compared, we assume that paddy soil formation is the most likely reason for differences in the spatial distribution of OC between the two sites. Comparing the spatial depth distribution of the 50‐ and 300‐y old paddy sites suggests that the development of a spatial pattern of OC proceeded with time from topsoil to the underlying soil horizons. Measuring soil lightness was insufficient to predict amount and distribution of soil OC in paddy soils, especially in soils with interfering dark‐colored burnt straw residues. The degree of spatial homogeneity was equal in the two sites, suggesting that cultivation practices (puddling, levelling, burning and incorporation of straw residues) most likely maintained a rather high random spatial variability of approx. 45%. The spatial pattern of OC in the topsoil was dissimilar to the plough layer, revealing that transport of OC in the plough pan occurred mainly in preferential flow paths along localized cracks and biopores.
Impact of pre‐harvest light spectral properties on health‐ and sensory‐related compounds in broccoli florets
Authors: Steindal Anne Linn Hykkerud , Johansen Tor J , Bengtsson Gunnar B , Hagen Sidsel F , Mølmann Jørgen AB 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlants grown at different latitudes experience differences in light spectral composition. Broccoli (Brassica oleraceaL. varitalica) plants were grown in climate‐controlled chambers under supplemental wavelengths (red, far‐red, red + far‐red or blue) from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The light treatments were combined with two cold climate temperatures (12 and 15 °C) during broccoli head formation to investigate the effects on morphology and content of health‐ and sensory‐related compounds: glucosinolates, flavonols, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars.RESULTSSupplemental far‐red and red + far‐red light led to elongated plants and the lowest total glucosinolate content in broccoli florets. The content of quercetin was highest with supplemental red light. Vitamin C was not significantly affected by the light treatments, but 12 °C gave a higher content than 15 °C.CONCLUSIONThe effects of supplemental red and far‐red light suggest an involvement of phytochromes in the regulation of glucosinolates and flavonols. A shift in red:far‐red ratio could cause changes in their content besides altering the morphology. The sugar and vitamin C content appears to be unaffected by these light conditions. Supplemental blue light had little effect on plant morphology and content of the health‐ and sensory related compounds. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactive compounds of juices from two Brazilian grape cultivars
Authors: da Silva Juliana Kelly , Cazarin Cinthia Baú Betim , Correa Luiz Claudio , Batista Ângela Giovana , Furlan Cibele Priscila Busch , Biasoto Aline Camarão Telles , Pereira Giuliano Elias , de Camargo Adriano Costa , Maróstica Junior Mário Roberto 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape juice consumption may prevent several chronic diseases owing to the presence of phenolic compounds, which have an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress. This study investigated the polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of grape juices from two cultivars: BRS‐Cora and Isabella. Total polyphenol content (TPC), anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl), and phenolic profile (high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection – HPLC‐DAD‐FLD) were determined.RESULTSBRS‐Cora grape juice showed higher concentrations of total polyphenols and anthocyanins, as well as higher antioxidant potential, than those of Isabella grape juice. A significant positive correlation was found in TPC or anthocyanin contents when correlated with the remaining antioxidant assays. In addition, HPLC‐DAD‐FLD showed a higher total phenolic content in BRS‐Cora grape juice compared to Isabella.CONCLUSIONThe present results show BRS‐Cora as a promising cultivar for grape juice production with an improved functional potential. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Different actions of salt and pyrophosphate on protein extraction from myofibrils reveal the mechanism controlling myosin dissociation
Authors: Shen Qingwu W , Swartz Darl R , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Yue , Gao Yuan , Zhang Dequan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyosin is the major functional protein in muscle foods for water retention, protein binding/gelation and fat holding/emulsification. To maximize its functionality, myosin needs to be released from thick filaments. Understanding of the mechanism controlling myosin extraction will help improve quality traits of meat products.RESULTSThe data obtained show that actomyosin binding is the rate‐limiting constraint for myosin release in rigor condition. Magnesium pyrophosphate (MgPPi) increased myosin extraction by weakening actomyosin interaction and maximized myosin extraction at 0.4 mol L−1 NaCl, which was not attained at 1.0 mol L−1 NaCl in the absence of PPi. Interaction between myosin rod domains is another critical constraint for myosin extraction, which is, rather than PPi, salt dependent. Further, our data suggest that MyBP‐C (myosin binding protein C) and M‐line might not be of significance in the process of NaCl‐induced myosin extraction, though further study was needed.CONCLUSIONOur study provides new insight into the mechanism that controls myosin extraction from intact sarcomere, which could be applied to maximize myosin function and to improve meat quality in practice. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of processing on the polyphenol and phenolic acid content and antioxidant capacity of semi‐dried cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum M.)
Authors: Rizzo Valeria , Clifford Mike N , Brown Jonathan E , Siracusa Laura , Muratore Giuseppe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was performed to test the effects of pre‐treating cherry tomatoes with a solution containing citric acid–NaCl–CaCl2 (10:10:24 g L−1), followed by one of three different drying regimes (40, 60, 80 °C) on the antioxidant capacity of their aqueous extracts and the extent of phenolic compound degradation.RESULTSChlorogenic acids, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and naringenin were all detected in the aqueous extracts. In fresh cherry tomatoes the predominant phenolic compound was rutin, followed by naringenin, which corresponded to 79% and 8% of the total phenolic compounds present, respectively. Pre‐treatment was protective towards naringenin and had a modest protective effect on rutin and ferulic acid (0.1 > P > 0.05). Total phenolic content was similar in all samples, but there was a trend for the level of free polyphenols to be lower in treated tomatoes. The destruction of naringenin was confirmed by liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric data.CONCLUSIONA significant effect of temperature on the antioxidant capacity was observed. After this treatment the industry might introduce some advances in the processing of tomatoes, preserving the main nutritive characteristics and saving the products as semi‐dried. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and Characterization of Four‐Arm Star Polystyrene Based on a Novel Tetrafunctional RAFT Agent
Authors: Wright Trevor Gavin , Weber Wolfgang , Pfukwa Helen , Pasch Harald 
Published: June 2015

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) is a very versatile polymerization technique whereby the topology of the final polymer can be tailored using specific RAFT agents. The tetrafunctional RAFT agent, tetrabenzyl(1,3‐dithietane‐2,2,4,4‐tetrayl)­tetracarbanotrithioate, has not previously been used to synthesize polymers. Poly­styrene (PS) is synthesized using this tetrafunctional RAFT agent and advanced characterization is performed using spectroscopic and separation methods. In situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) are used to determine the topology of the resultant PS. The polymerization is followed by in situ 1H NMR, using styrene‐d8 rather than hydrogenous styrene. In situ 1H NMR spectra show that the RAFT agent is incorporated into the polymer as a terminal group. Aminolysis of the star‐shaped PS is performed and the SEC and NMR results before and after aminolysis are compared. These results indicate that the expected star‐shaped topology of the polymer is achieved.
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Perspectives of Halogen Bonding Description in Scoring Functions and QSAR/QSPR: Substituent Effects in Aromatic Core
Authors: Titov Oleg I. , Shulga Dmitry A. , Palyulin Vladimir A. , Zefirov Nikolay S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHalogen bonding (XB) is a new promising interaction pattern in medicinal chemistry. It has predominantly electrostatic nature – high electrostatic potential anisotropy. However to fully unleash the potential of XB in rational drug design fast and robust empirical methods of XB description should be developed. Current approaches rely heavily on ab initio calculation for each molecule studied. Thus fast prediction of electrostatic parameters for description of XB for arbitrary organic molecules is of paramount importance to promptly establish QSAR/QSPR, virtual screening and molecular docking pipelines suitable for today′s agile development requirements. The two most promising approaches to describe anisotropic electrostatic models – the extra point (EP) charge model and the multipole expansion (ME) model – were studied on their ability (1) to describe ab initio molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and (2) to produce parameters that can be predicted for each molecule empirically rather than estimated via ab initio calculations. The reference ab initio MEP was calculated for a set of 730 substituted halobenzenes. Parameters for anisotropic electrostatics of both empirical models (EP and ME) studied were extracted from ab initio MEP. The FreeWilson and Hansch type QSPR models relating XB parameters with aromatic substituents were built and analyzed, providing the guidelines for further development.