bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term outcomes and cost of care of treatment of head and neck paragangliomas
Authors: Chan Jason Y. K. , Li Ryan J. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize contemporary treatment of head and neck paragangliomas and the effect of treatment on postoperative complications, length of stay, and costs.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDischarge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 7,791 patients who underwent endovascular or surgical treatment of head and neck paragangliomas between 1993 and 2008 were analyzed using cross tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.ResultsSurgery only was performed in 91% of cases, embolization alone was performed in 4% of cases, and both embolization and surgery were performed in 5% of cases. Postoperative surgical complications were significantly more likely in patients undergoing embolization and surgery during the same admission (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; P = .031), whereas acute medical complications were more likely in patients undergoing embolization only (OR, 3.9; P = .001). Embolization alone was specifically associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure (OR, 8.2; P = .026) and pneumonia (OR, 3.9; P = .001). Cranial nerve injury was associated with increased odds of dysphagia (OR, 8.5; P = .004), and dysphagia was associated with increased odds of voice disturbance (OR, 5.1; P = .004). Embolization, with or without surgery during the same admission, was associated with significantly increased hospital‐related costs, after controlling for all other variables.ConclusionsEndovascular treatment of head and neck paragangliomas is associated with an increase in complications and hospital‐related costs. Although these findings may reflect larger tumor size and comorbidity in patients selected for embolization, these data suggest a need to reexamine the benefits and cost‐effectiveness of embolization in surgical patients.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 2013
The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Class IV (10 W) Laser Treatment for Epicondylitis
Authors: Roberts Delia B. , Kruse Roger J. , Stoll Stephen F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePhotobiomodulation has been shown to modulate cellular protein production and stimulate tendon healing in a dose‐dependent manner. Previous studies have used class IIIb lasers with power outputs of less than 0.5 W. Here we evaluate a dual wavelength (980/810 nm) class IV laser with a power output of 10 W for the purpose of determining the efficacy of class IV laser therapy in alleviating the pain and dysfunction associated with chronic epicondylitis.MethodsSixteen subjects volunteered for laser therapy, or an identically appearing sham instrument in a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial. Subjects underwent clinical examination (pain, function, strength, and ultrasonic imaging) to confirm chronic tendinopathy of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon, followed by eight treatments of 6.6 ± 1.3 J/cm2 (laser), or sham over 18 days. Safety precautions to protect against retinal exposure to the laser were followed. The exam protocol was repeated at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐treatment.ResultsNo initial differences were seen between the two groups. In the laser treated group handgrip strength improved by 17 ± 3%, 52 ± 7%, and 66 ± 6% at 3, 6, and 12 months respectively; function improved by 44 ± 1%, 71 ± 3%, and 82 ± 2%, and pain with resistance to extension of the middle finger was reduced by 50 ± 6%, 93 ± 4%, and 100 ± 1% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. In contrast, no changes were seen until 12 months following sham treatment (12 months: strength improved by 13 ± 2%, function improved by 52 ± 3%, pain with resistance to extension of the middle finger reduced by 76 ± 2%). No adverse effects were reported at any time.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that laser therapy using the 10 W class IV instrument is efficacious for the long‐term relief of the symptoms associated with chronic epicondylitis. The potential for a rapidly administered, safe and effective treatment warrants further investigation. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:311–317, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anthocyanin‐rich juice does not affect gut‐associated immunity in Fischer rats
Authors: Graf Daniela , Seifert Stephanie , Bub Achim , Fröhling Bettina , Dold Sebastian , Unger Franziska , Römpp Andreas , Watzl Bernhard 
Published: June 2013

ScopeMost studies on immunomodulatory effects of anthocyanins are concentrated on their anti‐inflammatory potential. In vitro studies suggest that anthocyanins possess anti‐inflammatory potential, but results from in vivo studies are rare and inconclusive. Sparse information is available about the immune tissues that are affected by anthocyanins. As systemic bioavailability of anthocyanins is rather low, predominantly luminal anthocyanins could influence the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Therefore, the present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of an anthocyanin‐rich grape‐bilberry juice (ARJ) on the systemic immune system, GALT, and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT).Methods and resultsFischer rats (n = 24/group) received ARJ or anthocyanin‐depleted grape‐bilberry juice (control) for 10 wk. Lymphocytes were isolated from blood, spleen, Peyer's Patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Anthocyanin intake was 15 mg/day and concentrations were determined in plasma and intestinal tract. Number of T and natural killer cells, natural killer cell activity, cytokine secretion from lymphocytes (IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α) and MAT (IL‐6, IL‐10, and MCP‐1), inflammation markers in serum (sICAM, IFN‐γ, and MCP‐1), and activation status of NF‐κB were not influenced by ARJ.ConclusionThis in vivo study suggests that anthocyanins at physiological doses affect neither the systemic immune system, nor GALT, or MAT in healthy, unchallenged rats.
A stable Galerkin reduced order model for coupled fluid–structure interaction problems
Authors: Kalashnikova I. , Barone M.F. , Brake M.R. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA stable reduced order model (ROM) of a linear fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem involving linearized compressible inviscid flow over a flat linear von Kármán plate is developed. Separate stable ROMs for each of the fluid and the structure equations are derived. Both ROMs are built using the ‘continuous’ Galerkin projection approach, in which the continuous governing equations are projected onto the reduced basis modes in a continuous inner product. The mode shapes for the structure ROM are the eigenmodes of the governing (linear) plate equation. The fluid ROM basis is constructed via the proper orthogonal decomposition. For the linearized compressible Euler fluid equations, a symmetry transformation is required to obtain a stable formulation of the Galerkin projection step in the model reduction procedure. Stability of the Galerkin projection of the structure model in the standard L2 inner product is shown. The fluid and structure ROMs are coupled through solid wall boundary conditions at the interface (plate) boundary. An a priori energy linear stability analysis of the coupled fluid/structure system is performed. It is shown that, under some physical assumptions about the flow field, the FSI ROM is linearly stable a priori if a stabilization term is added to the fluid pressure loading on the plate. The stability of the coupled ROM is studied in the context of a test problem of inviscid, supersonic flow past a thin, square, elastic rectangular panel that will undergo flutter once the non‐dimensional pressure parameter exceeds a certain threshold. This a posteriori stability analysis reveals that the FSI ROM can be numerically stable even without the addition of the aforementioned stabilization term. Moreover, the ROM constructed for this problem properly predicts the maintenance of stability below the flutter boundary and gives a reasonable prediction for the instability growth rate above the flutter boundary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of percolation formation in carbon nanotube based nanofluids
Authors: Lamas Bruno , Abreu Bruno , Fonseca Alexandra , Martins Nelson , Oliveira Mónica 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe intriguing behaviour of carbon nanotube suspensions shows that thermal conduction cannot be described by conventional approaches. These results led the researchers on the percolation and the interfacial layer resistance (also known as Kapitza resistance) as the main mechanisms governing the effective thermal conductivity enhancement for these nanoparticles suspensions. A numerical simulation on the behaviour of these suspensions, when subjected to a Brownian force field, was conducted to characterize the main factors affecting the dynamic interactions and percolation structures formation. To this end, three different numerical models based on continuum mechanics were developed. The obtained results suggest that the size, shape and aspect ratio of the nanoparticles are main factors controlling the dynamic network formation. On the other hand, the influence of the Brownian motion and the structural flexibility of the nanotubes seem to have a rather negligible effect on the results. The numerical model developed and proposed here may assist in understanding and correlating the experimental thermal conductivity data of nanofluids, contributing to demystify some of the intriguing behaviours reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbazole‐based conjugated polymer covalently coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle as efficient and reversible Hg2+ optical probe
Authors: Tian Yong , Shi Wei , Luo Jianmin , Ma Fudong , Mi Hongyu , Lei Yanli 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA type of fluorescent–magnetic dual‐function nanocomposite, Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2, was successfully obtained by Cu+‐catalyzed click reaction between acetylene (CCH)‐substituted carbazole‐based conjugated polymer (P‐2) and azide‐terminated silica‐coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2–N3). Optical and magnetization analyses indicate that Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2 exhibits stable fluorescence and rapid magnetic response. The fluorescence of Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2 was quenched significantly in the presence of I− and gave a detection limit (DL) of ∼8.85 × 10−7 M. Given the high binding constant and matching ratio between Hg2+ and I−, the fluorescence of Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2/I− complex recovered efficiently with the addition of Hg2+. A DL of ∼4.17 × 10−7 M was obtained by this probing system. Recycling of Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2 probe was readily achieved by simple magnetic separation. Results indicate that Fe3O4@SiO2@P‐2 can be used as an “on–off–on” fluorescent switchable and recyclable Hg2+ probe. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3636–3645
Effectiveness of an integrated adventure‐based training and health education program in promoting regular physical activity among childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Li H. C. William , Chung Oi Kwan Joyce , Ho Ka Yan , Chiu Sau Ying , Lopez Violeta 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing concern about declining levels of physical activity in childhood cancer survivors. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an integrated adventure‐based training and health education program in promoting changes in exercise behavior and enhancing the physical activity levels, self‐efficacy, and quality of life of Hong Kong Chinese childhood cancer survivors.MethodsA randomized controlled trial, two‐group pretest and repeated post‐test, between‐subjects design was conducted to 71 childhood cancer survivors (9‐ to 16‐year‐olds). Participants in the experimental group joined a 4‐day integrated adventure‐based training and health education program. Control group participants received the same amount of time and attention as the experimental group but not in such a way as to have any specific effect on the outcome measures. Participants' exercise behavior changes, levels of physical activity, self‐efficacy, and quality of life were assessed at the time of recruitment, 3, 6, and 9 months after starting the intervention.ResultsParticipants in the experimental group reported statistically significant differences in physical activity stages of change (p < 0.001), higher levels of physical activity (p < 0.001) and self‐efficacy (p = 0.04) than those in the control group. Besides, there were statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.001) in physical activity levels (−2.6), self‐efficacy (−2.0), and quality of life (−4.3) of participants in the experimental group from baseline to 9 months after starting the intervention.ConclusionsThe integrated adventure‐based training and health education program was found to be effective in promoting regular physical activity among childhood cancer survivors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yb:YAG ceramics application for high energy cryogenic disk amplifier development
Authors: Perevezentsev Evgeny , Mukhin Ivan , Vadimova Olga , Palashov Oleg , Khazanov Efim , Luo Dewei , Zhang Jian , Tang Dingyuan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUsing two 20 mm in diameter, 1.4 mm thick, 5 at% doping Yb:YAG ceramic active elements (AEs) we reached 233 mJ at 143 Hz in the output with 70 ns, 30 mJ input pulses. According to our 3D calculations we extracted about half of the stored energy. To our knowledge, this output result is the best among all high repetition rate cryogenic pulse Yb:YAG ceramic thin disk laser systems.
Prior experience in micro‐surgery may improve the surgeon's performance in robotic surgical training
Authors: Perez Manuela , Perrenot Cyril , Tran Nguyen , Hossu Gabriela , Felblinger Jacques , Hubert Jacques 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSummary background dataRobotic surgery has witnessed a huge expansion. Robotic simulators have proved to be of major interest in training. Some authors have suggested that prior experience in micro‐surgery could improve robotic surgery training.ObjectiveTo test micro‐surgery as a new approach in training, we proposed a prospective study comparing the surgical performance of micro‐surgeons with that of general surgeons on a robotic simulator.Methods49 surgeons were enrolled; 11 in the micro‐surgery group (MSG); 38 n the control group (CG). Performance was evaluated based on five dV‐Trainer® exercises.ResultsMSG achieved better results for all exercises including exercises requiring visual evaluation of force feed‐back, economy of motion, instrument force and position.ConclusionsThese results show that experience in micro‐surgery could significantly improve surgeons' abilities and their performance in robotic training. So, as micro‐surgery practice is relatively cheap, it could be easily included in basic robotic surgery training. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional DNA Nanostructures for Photonic and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Gang , Song Chen , Ding Baoquan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDNA nanostructures, especially DNA origami, receive close interest because of the programmable control over their shape and size, precise spatial addressability, easy and high‐yield preparation, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility. They have been used to organize a variety of nanoscale elements for specific functions, resulting in unprecedented improvements in the field of nanophotonics and nanomedical research. In this review, the discussion focuses on the employment of DNA nanostructures for the precise organization of noble metal nanoparticles to build interesting plasmonic nanoarchitectures, for the fabrication of visualized sensors and for targeted drug delivery. The effects offered by DNA nanostructures are highlighted in the areas of nanoantennas, collective plasmonic behaviors, single‐molecule analysis, and cancer‐cell targeting or killing. Finally, the challenges in the field of DNA nanotechnology for realistic application are discussed and insights for future directions are provided.
Identification of Unsafe Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Using a Robust Surrogate Assay for Pluripotency
Authors: Polanco Juan Carlos , Ho Mirabelle S.H. , Wang Bei , Zhou Qi , Wolvetang Ernst , Mason Elizabeth , Wells Christine A. , Kolle Gabriel , Grimmond Sean M. , Bertoncello Ivan , O'Brien Carmel , Laslett Andrew L. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) have the potential to generate healthy cells and tissues for the study and medical treatment of a large number of diseases. The utility of putative hiPSC-based therapies is constrained by a lack of robust quality-control assays that address the stability of the cells or their capacity to form teratomas after differentiation. Here we report that virally derived hiPSC, but not human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or hiPSC derived using episomal nonintegrating vectors, exhibit a propensity to revert to a pluripotent phenotype following differentiation. This instability was revealed using our published method to identify pluripotent cells undergoing very early-stage differentiation in standard hESC cultures, by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based on expression of the cell surface markers TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2. Differentiated cells cultured post-FACS fractionation from virally derived hiPSC lines reacquired immunoreactivity to TG30 (CD9) and GCTM-2, formed stem cell-like colonies, and re-expressed canonical pluripotency markers. Furthermore, differentiated cells from pluripotency-reverting hiPSC lines generated teratomas in immunocompromised mice, raising concerns about their safety in downstream applications. In contrast, differentiated cell populations from hESC and episomally derived hiPSC did not show any of these abnormalities. Our assays may be used to identify “unsafe” hiPSC cell lines and this information should be considered when selecting hiPSC lines for clinical use and indicate that experiments using these “unsafe” hiPSC lines should be interpreted carefully.
Neogene and Quaternary tectonics of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina: Active intraplate deformation inboard of flat‐slab subduction
Authors: Richardson T. , Ridgway K. D. , Gilbert H. , Martino R. , Enkelmann E. , Anderson M. , Alvarado P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe ranges of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas are located >600 km east of the Andean Cordillera in central Argentina and have been interpreted to be a response to shortening related to flat‐slab subduction of the Nazca plate. Uplift of the ranges has been broadly documented to occur during Neogene time, but many questions remain regarding the timing and style of deformation, and the subsurface structural configuration. In this study, we address these unknowns with observations at multiple scales, integrate our results into a tectonic model for the area, and discuss how our structural interpretation fits with more regional tectonic models. Our major findings are: (1) The range‐bounding faults thrust late Proterozoic to Cambrian schist and gneiss over poorly dated Pliocene to Pleistocene alluvial strata. The timing of fault displacement and age of footwall strata suggest that deformation may have been active at least by Pliocene time. (2) Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronometry exhibits cooling ages that range from Permian to Early Jurassic time and suggests that rock exhumation in the area is less than 2–3 km since that time. (3) Deploying a local seismic array allowed for locating seismicity and calculating receiver functions. These observations indicate that the Moho lies at a depth of 37 km and that a midcrustal discontinuity appears to correspond to a detachment zone between 15 and 20 km depth and aligns with a plane of seismicity. In our tectonic model, the craton appears to act as a rigid backstop to the eastward propagation of stresses from the shallowly subducting slab. Deformation then propagates back to the west via westward‐verging faults along a midcrustal detachment.
Soil organic carbon and nutrients along an alpine grassland transect across Northern Tibet
Authors: Cao Ying-zi , Wang Xiao-dan , Lu Xu-yang , Yan Yan , Fan Ji-hui 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Soil carbon and nutrient contents and their importance in advancing our understanding of biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystem, has motivated ecologists to find their spatial patterns in various geographical area. Few studies have focused on changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils at high altitudes. Our aim was to identify the spatial distribution of soil physical and chemical properties in cold and arid climatic region. We also tried to explore relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), soil particle size distribution (PSD). Samples were collected at 44 sites along a 300 km transect across the alpine grassland of northern Tibet. The study results showed that grassland type was the main factor influencing SOC, TN and TP distribution along the Gangdise Mountain-Shenzha-Shuanghu Transect. SOC, TN and TP contents were significantly higher in alpine meadow than alpine steppe ecosystems. SOC, TN, TP and AN contents in two soil layers (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) showed no significant differences, while AP content in top soil (0–15 cm) was significantly higher than that in sub-top soil (15–30 cm). SOC content was correlated positively with TN and TP content (r = 0.901 and 0.510, respectively). No correlations were detected for clay content and fractal dimension of particle size distribution (D). Our study results indicated the effects of vegetation on soil C, N and P seem to be more important than that of rocks itself along latitude gradient on the northern Tibetan Plateau. However, we did not found similar impacts of vegetation on soil properties in depth. In addition, this study also provided an interesting contribution to the global data pool on soil carbon stocks.
Postnatal age governs the extent of differentiation of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfield neural stem/progenitor cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Shetty Ashok K. , Hattiangady Bharathi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhile neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus have been extensively characterized, the behavior of NSCs in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus is mostly unclear. Therefore, we compared the in vitro behavior of NSCs expanded from the micro‐dissected CA1 and CA3 subfields of postnatal day (PND) 4 and 12 Fischer 344 rats. A small fraction (∼1%) of dissociated cells from CA1 and CA3 subfields of both PND 4 and 12 hippocampi formed neurospheres in the presence of EGF and FGF‐2. A vast majority of neurosphere cells expressed NSC markers such as nestin, Sox‐2 and Musashi‐1. Differentiation assays revealed the ability of these NSCs to give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, the overall neuronal differentiation of NSCs from both subfields decreased with age (23–28% at PND4 to 5–10% at PND12) but the extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation from NSCs increased with age (24–32% at PND 4 to 45–55% at PND 12). Differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes was however unchanged (40–48%). Furthermore, NSCs from both subfields gave rise to GABA‐ergic neurons including subclasses expressing markers such as calbindin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y and parvalbumin. However, the fraction of neurons that expressed GABA decreased between PND4 (59–67%) and PND 12 (25–38%). Additional analyses revealed the presence of proliferating NSC‐like cells (i.e. cells expressing Ki‐67 and Sox‐2) in different strata of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields of both PND4 and PND 12 animals. Thus, multipotent NSCs persist in both CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus in the postnatal period. Such NSCs also retain their ability to give rise to both GABA‐ergic and non‐GABA‐ergic neurons. However, their overall neurogenic potential declines considerably in the early postnatal period.