bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Highly cis‐Selective Synthesis of Iodo‐Aziridines Using Diiodomethyllithium and in situ Generated N‐Boc‐Imines.
Authors: Bull James A. , Boultwood Tom , Taylor Thomas A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe first preparation of iodoaziridines (III) is achieved via a highly diastereoselective cyclization of an amino gem‐diiodide intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Reaction of Bicyclic Alkenes with Terminal Ynones: Regiospecific Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans.
Authors: Ge Guang‐Cun , Mo Dong‐Liang , Ding Chang‐Hua , Dai Li‐Xin , Hou Xue‐Long 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNo reaction occurs when unbridged compounds are used, e.g. dihydrofuran, cyclopentene and cyclohexenone.
ChemInform Abstract: Attempted Simmons—Smith Reaction on β‐Alkylthio‐α,β‐unsaturated Ketones: A Regiospecific Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiophenes.
Authors: Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Roopashree Rangaswamy , Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSimmons—Smith reaction of β‐methylthioketones of type (I) affords a direct entry to give 2,4‐disubstituted thiophenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of NH‐Pyrroles under Superelectrophilic Conditions by an Aza‐Nazarov Reaction Cascade with Indole as Neutral Leaving Group: Experiment and Theory.
Authors: Narayan Rishikesh , Daniliuc Constantin‐Gabriel , Wuerthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the pyrroles (III) from the easily available cyclization precursors (I) depends on the acidity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Generation of Two Quaternary Centers in Spirocyclopropanation of Oxindole Derivatives.
Authors: Noole Artur , Sucman Natalia S. , Kabeshov Mikhail A. , Kanger Tonis , Macaev Fliur Z. , Malkov Andrei V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reactions with 2‐chloroacetoacetate (II), 3‐chloroacetylacetone (IV) and dimethylchloromalonate (VI) proceed with good to excellent dia‐ and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Carbazoles from Cyclohexanones and Arylhydrazine Hydrochlorides under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Xiao Fuhong , Liao Yunfeng , Wu Mingyue , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via a sequence of condensation, cyclization and dehydrogenation under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐Methyl‐6‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine.
Authors: Kalluraya Girisha K. S. Balakrishna , Vidyashree Jois H. S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compounds (III) are obtained by in situ Friedlaender reaction of 5‐azido‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐carboxaldehyde (I) with various substituted acetophenones (II) in basic media.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative Catalytic System of Platinum/Iridium Alloyed Nanoclusters and a Dimeric Catechol Derivative: An Efficient Synthesis of Quinazolines Through a Sequential Aerobic Oxidative Process.
Authors: Yuan Hao , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new polymer‐supported catalyst system consisting of platinum/iridium alloyed nanoclusters and spiro‐bisindane ligand THSI is used for the facile preparation of fused quinazoline derivatives under mild aerobic oxidative conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Positive Inotropic Evaluation of (E)‐2‐(4‐Cinnamylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐N‐(1‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolin‐7‐yl)acetamides.
Authors: Wu Yan , Ma Long‐Xu , Niu Tian‐Wei , Meng Fan‐Ling , Cui Xun , Piao Hu‐Ri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMost of the compounds (I) show inotropic effects, with compound (Ie) possessing 6‐7fold more potent activity than the reference drug milrinone.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4‐Diamination of Cyclic Dienes via a [4 + 3] Cycloaddition of Diaza‐Allyl Cationic Intermediates.
Authors: Jeffrey Christopher S. , Anumandla Devendar , Carson Christopher R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis method yields compounds which can serve as useful building blocks for substances with 1,4‐diamino moieties, a common motif in many biologically active molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Functionalization of Methyl Group on Silicon: Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Borylation of Methylchlorosilanes.
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Torigoe Takeru , Suginome Michinori 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis provides an efficient C—H functionalization of the methyl groups in methylchlorosilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Silacarboxylation of Internal Alkynes by Employing Carbon Dioxide and Silylboranes.
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tani Yosuke , Semba Kazuhiko , Terao Jun , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe reaction proceeds regioselectively, the major isomers (IV) are isolated in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐D‐glucosamines Through Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Coupling.
Authors: Tao Chuanzhou , Liu Feng , Liu Weiwei , Zhu Youmin , Li Yafeng , Liu Xiaolang , Zhao Jing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOptimized conditions allow a convenient synthesis of perbenzylated N‐arylglycosylamines in the presence of various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl and Alkyl trans‐Glycidic Amides from Pseudoephedrine‐Derived Sulfonium Salt. Chemospecific exo‐tet Ring Closure for Morpholin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Aparicio David M. , Gnecco Dino , Juarez Jorge R. , Orea Maria L. , Mendoza Angel , Waksman Noemi , Salazar Ricardo , Fores‐Alamo Marcos , Teran Joel L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA highly diastereoselective synthesis of trans‐epoxides (III) is achieved from pseudoephedrine tagged sulfonium salts and different aldehydes.
Development and Validation of a Method for the Analysis of Paroxetine HCl by Circular Dichroism
Authors: do Monte Zenaide S. , Ramos Clécio S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the analysis of paroxetine, in tablets as well as the pure drug, by circular dichroism is described. The method was validated for repeatability, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Excellent results were obtained, within the globally accepted validation reference values, particularly taking into account the low concentration levels investigated. This is the first report of the quantitation of paroxetine, a chiral drug, without previous separation of the analyte. Additionally, the solid state CD spectrum of PXT was obtained. Chirality 25:211–214, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organizational Learning Capability: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Study in the Context of Official Development Aid Project Teams
Authors: Mbengue Ababacar , Sané Seydou 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough several studies have investigated Organizational Learning Capability (OLC), the question of its operationalization remains open. We review the OLC concept, analyze its relationship to Organizational Learning (OL), and assess the validity of its operationalization through three models (formative, reflexive, mixed). While part of the literature states that OLC has five dimensions (experimentation, risk taking, dialogue, interaction with stakeholders, and participation in decision making), our exploratory study of 41 Official Development Aid projects suggests the existence of an important sixth dimension for OLC: autonomy vis‐à‐vis the national supervisor. The theoretical and practical implications of this finding are then discussed. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Al‐Bawardy Rasha , Krishnaswamy Amar , Bhargava Mandeep , Dunn Justin , Wazni Oussama , Murat Tuzcu E. , Stewart William , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractImplantable cardiac devices, including defibrillators and pacemakers, may be the cause of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) or may worsen existing TR. This review of the literature suggests that TR usually occurs over time after lead implantation. Diagnosis by clinical exam and 2‐dimensional echocardiography may be augmented by 3‐dimensional echocardiography and/or computed tomography. The mechanism may be mechanical perforation or laceration of leaflets, scarring and restriction of leaflets, or asynchronized activation of the right ventricle. Pacemaker‐related TR might cause severe right‐sided heart failure, but data regarding associated mortality are lacking. This comprehensive review summarizes the data regarding incidence, mechanism, and treatment of lead‐related TR.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Two Distinct Equilibrium States for the Exchange Reaction of Sodium Cholate and Oligo‐DNA on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kato Yuichi , Niidome Yasuro , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the quantitative analysis of the transition adsorption structures of molecules on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is of importance from the point of view of both fundamental science and applications of nanotubes. Absorption spectroscopy reveals that two different equilibrium states are existent for the exchange reaction of sodium cholate (SC) and oligo‐DNA (single‐stranded 20‐mer cytosine) on SWNTs. This is derived from the transitions of the adsorption structures of different chirality‐types of SWNTs and SC/DNA at certain SC concentrations below the critical micelle concentration of SC.
Surface Properties of Anatase TiO2 Nanowire Films Grown from a Fluoride‐Containing Solution
Authors: Berger Thomas , Anta Juan A. , Morales‐Flórez Víctor 
Published: March 2013

AbstractControlling the surface chemistry of nucleating seeds during wet‐chemical synthesis allows for the preparation of morphologically well‐defined nanostructures. Synthesis conditions play a key role in the surface properties, which directly affect the functional properties of the material. Therefore, it is important to establish post‐synthesis treatments to facilitate the optimization of surface properties with respect to a specific application, without losing the morphological peculiarity of the nanostructure. We studied the surface properties of highly crystalline and porous anatase TiO2 nanowire (NW) electrodes, grown by chemical‐bath deposition in fluoride‐containing solutions, using a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic approach. As‐deposited films showed low capacity for catechol adsorption and a poor photoelectrocatalytic activity for water oxidation. Mild thermal annealing at 200 °C resulted in a significant improvement of the electrode photoelectrocatalytic activity, whereas the bulk properties of the NWs (crystal structure, band‐gap energy) remained unchanged. Enhancement of the functional properties of the material is discussed on the basis of adsorption capacity and electronic properties. The temperature‐induced decrease of recombination centers, along with the concomitant increase of adsorption and reaction sites upon thermal annealing are called to be responsible for such improved performance.
Adjusted Sequence Kernel Association Test for Rare Variants Controlling for Cryptic and Family Relatedness
Authors: Oualkacha Karim , Dastani Zari , Li Rui , Cingolani Pablo E. , Spector Timothy D. , Hammond Christopher J. , Richards J. Brent , Ciampi Antonio , Greenwood Celia M. T. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRecent progress in sequencing technologies makes it possible to identify rare and unique variants that may be associated with complex traits. However, the results of such efforts depend crucially on the use of efficient statistical methods and study designs. Although family‐based designs might enrich a data set for familial rare disease variants, most existing rare variant association approaches assume independence of all individuals. We introduce here a framework for association testing of rare variants in family‐based designs. This framework is an adaptation of the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) which allows us to control for family structure. Our adjusted SKAT (ASKAT) combines the SKAT approach and the factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST‐LMMs) algorithm to capture family effects based on a LMM incorporating the realized proportion of the genome that is identical by descent between pairs of individuals, and using restricted maximum likelihood methods for estimation. In simulation studies, we evaluated type I error and power of this proposed method and we showed that regardless of the level of the trait heritability, our approach has good control of type I error and good power. Since our approach uses FaST‐LMM to calculate variance components for the proposed mixed model, ASKAT is reasonably fast and can analyze hundreds of thousands of markers. Data from the UK twins consortium are presented to illustrate the ASKAT methodology.
Atmospheric temperature changes over the 20th century at very high elevations in the European Alps from englacial temperatures
Authors: Gilbert A. , Vincent C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGiven the paucity of observations, a great deal of uncertainty remains concerning temperature changes at very high altitudes over the last century. Englacial temperature measurements performed in boreholes provide a very good indicator of atmospheric temperatures for very high elevations although they are not directly related to air temperatures. Temperature profiles from seven deep boreholes drilled at three different sites between 4240 and 4300 m above sea level in the Mont Blanc area (French Alps) have been analyzed using a heat flow model and a Bayesian inverse modeling approach. Atmospheric temperature changes over the last century were estimated by simultaneous inversion of these temperature profiles. A mean warming rate of 0.14°C/decade between 1900 and 2004 was found. This is similar to the observed regional low altitude trend in the northwestern Alps, suggesting that air temperature trends are not altitude dependent.
Human Resource Management, Employee Exchange Relationships, and Performance in Small Businesses
Authors: Allen Mathew R. , Ericksen Jeff , Collins Christopher J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, the authors examine the effects of commitment‐based human resource management practices on the performance of small businesses. These effects are examined through the mediators of employee involvement and quit rates. In addition, they contribute to arguments that the effect of human resource management practices on performance takes place through the establishment and support of exchange relationships with employees. Using responses from CEOs and employees of small businesses, their results indicate that human resource practices in small businesses that are based on leaders' views of employee commitment are positively related to revenue growth and perceptions of performance. Further, the authors found that employee involvement and quit rates mediate these relationships.
Influence of the surface coating on the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and uptake of gold nanoparticles in human HepG2 cells
Authors: Fraga Sónia , Faria Helena , Soares Maria Elisa , Duarte José Alberto , Soares Leonor , Pereira Eulália , Costa‐Pereira Cristiana , Teixeira João Paulo , de Lourdes Bastos Maria , Carmo Helena 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe toxicological profile of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remains controversial. Significant efforts to develop surface coatings to improve biocompatibility have been carried out. In vivo biodistribution studies have shown that the liver is a target for AuNPs accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the effects induced by ~20 nm spherical AuNPs (0–200 μM Au) with two surface coatings, citrate (Cit) compared with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (11‐MUA), in human liver HepG2 cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays after 24 to 72 h of incubation. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay, 24 h after incubation with the capped AuNPs. Uptake and subcellular distribution of the tested AuNPs was evaluated by quantifying the gold intracellular content by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The obtained results indicate that both differently coated AuNPs did not induce significant cytotoxicity. An inverse concentration‐dependent increase in comet tail intensity and tail moment was observed in Cit‐AuNPs‐ but not in MUA‐AuNPs‐exposed cells. Both AuNPs were internalized in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, no differences were found in the extent of the internalization between the two types of NPs. Electron‐dense deposits of agglomerates of Cit‐ and MUA‐AuNPs were observed either inside endosomes or in the intercellular spaces. In spite of the absence of cytotoxicity, DNA damage was observed after exposure to the lower concentrations of Cit‐ but not to MUA‐AuNPs. Thus, our data supports the importance of the surface properties to increase the biocompatibility and safety of AuNPs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐performance polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase LCD with low driving voltage
Authors: Ishitani Tetsuji , Niikura Yasuhiro , Ikenaga Makoto , Kobayashi Manabu , Kato Momoko , Oe Yuko , Nakano Masaru , Shishido Hideaki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Kurosaki Daisuke 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have developed a polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase LCD in which the diffraction wavelength of blue‐phase liquid crystal is in the ultraviolet region and which is driven at a low voltage of V100 = 27 V. Prototypes of 3.4‐in polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase LCDs were made, which include a highly reliable crystalline oxide semiconductor. We succeeded in fabricating not a test cell but a display having a contrast ratio higher than 1000 : 1 for the first time in the world.
Exploratory Space–time Analysis of Inbound Tourism Flows to China Cities
Authors: Xing‐zhu Yang , Qun Wang 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe integration of space and time generates much closer interactions between geography and other social sciences in general while providing new perspectives for the role of geography in tourism flow studies. This paper aims to apply exploratory space–time analysis to provide insights into inbound tourism flow patterns in China's cities over the period of 2000–2009 using city‐level Geographical Information System datasets. First, this paper ascertains that there exists geographic neighborhood effect at city level by testifying significantly positive spatial autocorrelation. The hot spots and temporal stability are identified. The hot spots are locally concentrated in metropolitan areas. Local Markov matrix has also shown significant transitions with negative or positive influence of geographic neighbors upon a city. Specifically, three‐dimensional surface is created to visualize tourism flows. The spatial inequalities have the pattern of ‘the east more dense than the west, the south more dense than the north’. There simultaneously exist spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. The intensity of spatial agglomeration has become stronger. At the same time, smaller peaks of tourism flow centers developed around the main cities and spread toward surrounding cities. These potential tourism flow centers have gradually emerged and grown larger. Furthermore, the space–time covariance matrix uncovers correlation, which shows strong regional integration over years. Eight hundred and ninety links are identified and visualized. Two hundred and sixty nine links forming 10 spatial clusters represent strong positive correlation. One hundred and thirty‐four links are negative correlation, which is about 15.06 per cent of all links. In conclusion, our comprehensive evidences offer deeper insights and have important policy implications. These enable the tourism‐oriented governmental agencies, as well as the tourism industry professionals, to better understand the changes of inbound tourism flows in China's cities and relevant tourism partners/competitors for cities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious Coping, Posttraumatic Stress, Psychological Distress, and Posttraumatic Growth Among Female Survivors Four Years After Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Chan Christian S. , Rhodes Jean E. 
Published: March 2013

Positive and negative religious coping strategies and their relation with posttraumatic stress (PTS), psychological distress, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) were examined in the context of Hurricane Katrina. Positive religious coping was hypothesized to be associated with PTG, whereas negative religious coping was hypothesized to be associated with PTS and psychological distress. Low‐income mothers (N = 386, mean age = 25.4 years, SD = 4.43) were surveyed before, and 1 and 4 years after the storm. Results from structural regression modeling indicated that negative religious coping was associated with psychological distress, but not PTS. Positive religious coping was associated with PTG. Further analysis indicated significant indirect effects of pre‐ and postdisaster religiousness on postdisaster PTG through positive religious coping. Findings underscore the positive and negative effect of religious variables in the context of a natural disaster.
Effects of environmental stressors on nest success of introduced birds
Authors: King Richard S. , Trutwin Justin J. , Hunter Travis S. , Varner Dana M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of environmental stressors on daily nest survival of introduced birds is important because it can affect introduction success as well as the ability to evaluate introduction programs. For long‐lived birds with low annual production, adjustment to local breeding conditions can take many years. We examined nest success rates of 2 introduced bird species, whooping crane (Grus americana) and trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator), in Wisconsin. Both species are long‐lived with low annual reproductive rates. Trumpeter swans were established in our study area approximately 10 years before whooping cranes. We predicted that trumpeter swans would show less sensitivity to environmental stressors. We used daily nest survival rates (DNSRs) as our response variable to model several environmental parameters including weather, phenology, and ornithophilic black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Additionally, we examined the influence of captive history, age, release method, energetics, and nesting experience on whooping crane DNSRs. Daily nest survival of whooping cranes was the most sensitive to stressors. Trumpeter swan daily nest survival showed less sensitivity to the same stressors. Daily nest survival for both species peaked later in the nesting season, after 30 April and before 30 May. We also found that the daily nest survival rate (DNSR) for whooping cranes was potentially affected by captive exposure (measured by generations removed from the wild). Our results highlight the difficulties associated with conservation of long‐lived birds with low annual productivity as they adjust to local breeding conditions and that nest phenology at the source location can determine how these conditions are interfaced. We recommend that the juxtaposition of source and introduction location nest phenology be considered prior to introduction site selection. Additionally, strategically selecting offspring from captive pairs with nest phenology similar to that of sympatric species at the introduction location should be considered. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.