bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Consistently Applying Flow-Through Chloramine-T Treatments to Hatchery Raceways
Authors: Bowker James D , Carty Daniel G , Trushenski Jesse T , Glover David C , Bowman Molly P 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Chloramine-T (CLT) was recently approved for use in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to control mortality in selected freshwater-reared finfishes diagnosed with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris disease. In support of this approval, we conducted a study to determine if a target dose of 12 mg/L CLT could be delivered for 60 min via a “charged,” flow-through treatment protocol. The study was conducted in two production-size, linear-design, plug flow raceways devoid of fish. Each raceway was dosed twice, resulting in four replicate trials (N = 4). During each trial, CLT was added under static conditions to establish a target concentration of 12 mg/L. Inflow water was then resumed, and additional CLT stock solution was metered into the raceway for the 60-min treatment period. Water samples were collected from a matrix of 27 sampling locations (3 positions along raceway length × 3 positions across raceway width × 3 depths) for colorimetric determination of CLT concentrations at 0 min (after charging but before resuming water inflow), 30 min, and 60 min. Chloramine-T doses delivered (data from all sampling locations and times pooled) did not vary from trial to trial. Median CLT doses delivered were almost always less than 12 mg/L; however, all had corresponding 95% confidence intervals within 9–15 mg/L. Overall, the results of our study demonstrated that the treatment method can be used to deliver a target dose of CLT for 60 min in production-size raceways in a manner that was found acceptable to the FDA.
Adult Survival of Hatchery Spring Chinook Salmon Released Volitionally or Forcibly as Juveniles
Authors: Johnson McLain S , Murdoch Andrew R , Moran Christopher P H 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Hatchery managers seek to maximize production and survival in a cost-effective manner while adapting to hatchery reform recommendations. Evaluation of changing hatchery rearing practices is necessary under an adaptive management paradigm. In this study, we compared the adult survival of hatchery-reared spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha released volitionally or forcibly from an acclimation facility in the upper Wenatchee River basin from brood years 2003–2005. In all study years, smolt-to-adult survival rates were higher for forced releases, and significant differences were observed in brood years 2004 and 2005. To optimize hatchery fish performance, hatchery managers should evaluate their smolt release methodology. However, any proposed changes in hatchery release methodology should also take into account variability in survival within the migration corridor and a risk assessment such that any realized increase in survival is not offset by increased risk to natural populations.
The Effects of School Spending on Educational and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from School Finance Reforms *
Authors: Jackson C. Kirabo , Johnson Rucker C. , Persico Claudia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSince the Coleman Report, many have questioned whether public school spending affects student outcomes. The school finance reforms that began in the early 1970s and accelerated in the 1980s caused dramatic changes to the structure of K–12 education spending in the United States. To study the effect of these school finance reform–induced changes in public school spending on long-run adult outcomes, we link school spending and school finance reform data to detailed, nationally representative data on children born between 1955 and 1985 and followed through 2011. We use the timing of the passage of court-mandated reforms and their associated type of funding formula change as exogenous shifters of school spending, and we compare the adult outcomes of cohorts that were differentially exposed to school finance reforms, depending on place and year of birth. Event study and instrumental variable models reveal that a 10% increase in per pupil spending each year for all 12 years of public school leads to 0.31 more completed years of education, about 7% higher wages, and a 3.2 percentage point reduction in the annual incidence of adult poverty; effects are much more pronounced for children from low-income families. Exogenous spending increases were associated with notable improvements in measured school inputs, including reductions in student-to-teacher ratios, increases in teacher salaries, and longer school years.
Availability of primary care team members can improve teamwork and readiness for change
Authors: Rodriguez Hector P. , Chen Xiao , Martinez Ana E. , Friedberg Mark W. 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Early experiences of patient-centered medical home implementation indicate that redesigning primary care is an intensive organizational change that is most effectively undertaken by high-functioning interdisciplinary teams. Team effectiveness research indicates that consistent availability of team members and other aspects of team structure can impact teamwork and organizational outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a survey of 766 adult primary care providers and staff in 34 California safety net practices to assess primary care team structure (team size, team member availability, and access to interdisciplinary expertise), teamwork, and readiness for change. We used path models with robust standard errors for clustering of respondents within practices to examine relationships between team member availability and readiness for change. Using path analysis, we examined the extent to which better teamwork mediated relationships between team member availability and readiness for change.

Results:
We received 628 completed surveys (response rate = 82%). Greater team member availability was associated with greater readiness for change, but the relationship was stronger for staff than for primary care providers. Contrary to our hypothesis, path analyses revealed that the relationship of team member availability and greater readiness for change was only partially mediated (21%) by better teamwork. The direct effect of teamwork on readiness for change is approximately 2.9 times larger than the direct effect of team member availability on greater readiness for change.

Conclusions:
Ensuring that members perceive that their teammates are routinely available to them may improve readiness for implementing organizational changes like adopting patient-centered medical home models. Given that better teamwork only partially explained the availability–readiness relationship, additional research to identify the mechanisms through which consistent team member availability increases change readiness could lend insight into how to more effectively support clinicians and staff undergoing complex organizational changes.
PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci
Authors: Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSummaryTargeted enrichment of conserved and ultraconserved genomic elements allows universal collection of phylogenomic data from hundreds of species at multiple time scales (< 5 Ma to > 300 Ma). Prior to downstream inference, data from these types of targeted enrichment studies must undergo pre-processing to assemble contigs from sequence data; identify targeted, enriched loci from the off-target background data; align enriched contigs representing conserved loci to one another; and prepare and manipulate these alignments for subsequent phylogenomic inference. PHYLUCE is an efficient and easy-to-install software package that accomplishes these tasks across hundreds of taxa and thousands of enriched loci.Availability and ImplementationPHYLUCE is written for Python 2.7. PHYLUCE is supported on OSX and Linux (RedHat/CentOS) operating systems. PHYLUCE source code is distributed under a BSD-style license fromhttps://www.github.com/fairclothUlab/phyluce/. PHYLUCE is also available as a package (https://binstar.org/fairclothUlab/phyluce) for the Anaconda Python distribution that installs all dependencies, and users can request a PHYLUCE instance on iPlant Atmosphere (tag: phyluce). The software manual and a tutorial are available fromhttp://phyluce.readthedocs.org/en/latest/and test data are available from doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1284521.Contactbrant@fairclothUlab.orgSupplementary informationSupplementary Figure 1.
DoOR 2.0 - Comprehensive Mapping ofDrosophila melanogasterOdorant Responses
Authors: Münch Daniel , Galizia C. Giovanni 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOdors elicit complex patterns of activated olfactory sensory neurons. Knowing the complete olfactome, i.e. responses in all sensory neurons for all odorants, is desirable to understand olfactory coding. The DoOR project combines all availableDrosophilaodorant response data into a single consensus response matrix. Since its first release many studies were published: receptors were deorphanized and several response profiles were expanded. In this study, we add to the odor-response profiles for four odorant receptors (Or10a, Or42b, Or47b, Or56a). We deorphanize Or69a, showing a broad response spectrum with the best ligands including 3-hydroxyhexanoate, alpha-terpineol, 3-octanol and linalool. We include these datasets into DoOR, and provide a comprehensive update of both code and data. The DoOR project has a web interface for quick queries (http://neuro.uni.kn/DoOR), and a downloadable, open source toolbox written in R, including all processed and original datasets. DoOR now gives reliable odorant-responses for nearly allDrosophilaolfactory responding units, listing 693 odorants, for a total of 7381 data points.At the time of uploading this preprint, a preview of the DoOR 2.0 webpage is available at:http://neuro.uni.kn/DoOR/2.0
A glance at recombination hotspots in the domestic cat
Authors: Alhaddad Hasan , Zhang Chi , Rannala Bruce , Lyons Leslie A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecombination has essential roles in increasing genetic variability within a population and in ensuring successful meiotic events. The objective of this study is to (i) infer the population scaled recombination rate (ρ), and (ii) identify and characterize localities of increased recombination rate for the domestic cat,Felis silvestris catus.SNPs (n= 701) were genotyped in twenty-two cats of Eastern random bred origin. The SNPs covered ten different chromosomal regions (A1, A2, B3, C2, D1, D2, D4, E2, F2, X) with an average region size of 850 Kb and an average SNP density of 70 SNPs/region. The Bayesian method in the programinferRhowas used to infer regional population recombination rates and hotspots localities. The regions exhibited variable population recombination rates and four decisive recombination hotspots were identified on cat chromosome A2, D1, and E2 regions. No correlation was detected between the GC content and the locality of recombination spots. The hotspots enclosed L2 LINE elements and MIR and tRNA-Lys SINE elements in agreement with hotspots found in other mammals.
Crystal structure of 3-benzylsulfanyl-6-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole
Authors: Vaarla Krishnaiah , Rao V. Rajeswar , Akkurt Mehmet 
Published: October 2015

In the title compound, C14H11N5OS2, the triazolo–thiadiazole system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) and makes dihedral angles of 6.33 (12) and 42.95 (14)° with the planes of the oxazole and phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, face-to-face π–π interactions are observed between the thiadiazole and oxazole rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4707 (18) Å], leading to columns along [010].
New collaborations in daily emergency response
Authors: Weinholt Åsa , Andersson Granberg Tobias 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse costs and benefits from new collaborations in daily emergency response and to demonstrate how cost-benefit analysis (CBA) can be used for evaluating effects from these kinds of collaborations.

Design/methodology/approach
– CBA is used to evaluate two collaborations. The cases are: security officers that respond to fire and rescue service (FRS) calls; and home care nurses that assist the FRSs when they respond to urgent medical calls. Interviews, public documents and incident reports have been used as sources of data.

Findings
– Most costs are relatively straightforward to estimate. More difficult to estimate are the turn-out costs, including the services that cannot be performed when the new actors take on new assignments. One important benefit from these kinds of collaborations is reduced response time. Other benefits include increased situational awareness and improved preventive work in Case 1, as well as improved working conditions for the traditional resources and increased medical competence in Case 2. The analysis indicate that the case with the security officers most likely was socially beneficial, while the case with the home care nurses at the time of the study was not.

Originality/value
– The authors provide a thorough description and analysis of two interesting new ways of performing daily emergency response. Furthermore, the authors depict how CBA can be used to structure the analysis and evaluation of new initiatives in emergence services and how it can be used for identifying improvement potential. The authors also identify and discuss what is needed in terms of documentation as well as research, for it to be possible to improve the quantitative analysis of these kinds of initiatives.
Police/probation partnerships – the anticipated impact of “transforming rehabilitation”
Authors: Evans Emily 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to outline findings from research into Integrated Offender Management (IOM), an example of multi-agency working between the police, probation and drug treatment services, and how this is expected to be affected by the “Transforming Rehabilitation” (TR) changes to the probation service being introduced by the Ministry of Justice.Design/methodology/approach– The methodological approach was realistic evaluation. The findings of this paper draw upon semi-structured interviews undertaken with IOM staff, offenders and a small number of national IOM portfolio holders. Observations of the operation of IOM in the local site have also been used.Findings– Three underpinning mechanisms within IOM were uncovered during the research, all of which are at risk from the TR changes.Research limitations/implications– IOM, as it currently operates, will be affected fundamentally by the TR changes, due to the disruption to stable multi-agency working. The research is limited by taking place during the planning and initial roll out of the TR changes; as a result interviewees were commenting on their expectations rather than their direct experience of the changes. However, their experience within IOM makes them well placed to assess the likely impact of TR.Originality/value– As the TR changes are new, this paper is amongst only a small number seeking to assess their anticipated impact based on primary research.
Interprofessional collaboration during an emergency ward’s rounds
Authors: Collin Kaija , Herranen Sanna , Valleala Ulla Maija , Paloniemi Susanna 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore interprofessional collaboration during ward rounds on a Finnish emergency and infection ward from the viewpoint of three central professional groups: physicians, nurses and secretaries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors utilise an ethnographically informed approach, with observations and interviews as the data collection devices. The data comprise ten interviews with staff members and ten hours of observations. The data were analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.

Findings
– The ward rounds were found to be rather physician- and medicine-centred, and mostly not interprofessional. Nurses and secretaries in particular expressed dissatisfaction with many of the current ward rounds work practices. Ward rounds are an essential part of collaboration in implementing the emergency-natured operational aim of the ward, yet we found that the ward rounds are complicated by diverging professional views and expectations, variable work practices and interactional inequality.

Originality/value
– This study makes a contribution to the research of collaboration in emergency care and ward rounds, both of which are little-studied fields. Further, context-specific studies of collaboration have been called for in order to eventually create a model of shared expertise. The findings of this study can be utilised in studying and developing emergency care contexts.
Crossing cultural boundaries
Authors: Charman Sarah 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the organisational cultures of two different parts of the emergency service, the police and the ambulance service.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews with 45 police officers and ambulance staff sought to understand more about the relationships between these two distinctly different professions who work together closely and regularly in often very difficult situations.Findings– Interviews with police officers and ambulance staff revealed the strong and harmonious working relationship between the two professions and an existence of both shared organisational characteristics and shared cultural characteristics. These cultural characteristics, identified as both explicit and tacit in nature provide the “glue” which not only binds each organisation together but which appears to cement a longer term, tangible link between the police and ambulance services.Originality/value– This paper reveals a new dimension within cultural analyses of occupational groups by considering the shared cultural characteristics of two groups within the emergency services, police officers and ambulance staff. This potential for cultural boundary crossing is explored in detail.
Developing complex-project capability through dynamic organizational learning
Authors: Ahern Terence , Byrne P.J. , Leavy Brian 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to extend the learning boundaries of traditional project capability, which follows the linear planning paradigm, in order to include non-linear complex projects thatcannot be completely specified and planned in advance, and so require continuous learning over their life cycles.Design/methodology/approach– Based on an earlier empirical investigation, where complex-project capability (CPC) is developed through dynamic organizational learning based on non-linear problem solving, the paper examines some of the conceptual and practical implications of this process insight. The focus here is on incomplete pre-given knowledge and emergent knowledge creation during CPC development.Findings– Using the three interrelated dimensions of project type, knowledge creation method, and organizational learning approach, the paper reinterprets Karl Popper’s linear problem solving model for learning in traditional projects by introducing the concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) for learning in non-linear complex projects. The latter follows a path from “order todisorderto order” rather than from “order to order” under traditional assumptions.Research limitations/implications– By identifying a common learning process at individual, group, and organizational levels, developing CPC can be viewed as a “learning organization”. This multi-level approach facilitates research into distributed organizing for emergent knowledge creation during CPC development.Practical implications– In contrast to traditional planned projects with up-front prior knowledge, complex projects are characterized byincompleteknowledge. The challenge of dealing with knowledge uncertainty in complex projects through continuous learning has practical implications for project learning, planning, knowledge management, and leadership.Originality/value– The concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) extends the learning boundaries of traditional projects, where little learning is anticipated, by including complex projects with knowledge uncertainty requiring continuous learning.
Religiosity, gender, and wage: the differentiated impact of private prayer in Canada
Authors: Dilmaghani Maryam 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– Does religiosity impact wages differently for males and females? Does the impact on wage of different dimensions of religiosity, namely the importance of religion, the frequency of religious practice with others and individually, differ for men and women? The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Using the Canadian Ethnic Diversity Survey, made public in 2004, this paper investigates whether there are evidences for a gender difference in the impact of religiosity on wage. A Mincerean wage regression is estimated using both multiple linear regression and Heckit.Findings– Religious females are found to receive a premium over their labour earnings, through the frequency of private-prayer while the same dimension of religiosity penalizes males’ mean wage. The by-gender impact slightly widens for the subsample of employees, while it diminishes for the self-employed.Research limitations/implications– Making use of the most comprehensive data set available and standard methodology, the paper creates stylized facts that are of interest to the scholars of a multiplicity of disciplines.Practical implications– It advances the body of knowledge about the impact of religiosity on productivity and whether it has a by-gender component.Social implications– The research also informs policy-makers in their decision about the appropriate level of accommodation of religiosity in the workplace.Originality/value– The present work is the first research paper examining the by-gender impact of different dimensions of religiosity on productivity thereby wage.