bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Dependence of the Reaction Propagation Rate of TATB at High Pressure
Authors: Foltz M. Frances 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDruckabhängigkeit der Reaktionszonen‐Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit bei TATB unter hohem DruckDie Reaktionszonen‐Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit (RPR) des unempfindlichen Hochleistungssprengstoffs 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzol (TATB) wurde gemessen in einer Diamantstempelzelle im Druckbereich zwischen 3 GPa und 40 GPa. Unregelmäßigkeiten in der RPR wurden beobachtet in Abhängigkeit vom Druck bei 19 GPa, 30 GPa und 40 GPa (± GPa). Ansteigender Druck verursachte eine fortschreitende Farbänderung des TATB beim Umgebungsdruck von gelb nach rot, dann nach schwarz oberhalb 30 GPa. Gleichzeitig wurde ein irreversibles Auftreten von Einschlüssen bei hohem Druck beobachtet (scharf abgegrenzte polykristalline Zonen). Eine Phasenumwandlung analog der zwischen Graphit und Diamant unter Bildung einer 3‐d Netzwerk‐Wurtzitstruktur wird angenommen. Die vorliegenden Daten werden verglichen mit früher veröffentlichten druckabhängigen RPR‐Werten von Nitromethan.
Molecular Origin of the Influence of the Temperature on the Loss Factor of a Solid Propellant
Authors: Azoug Aurélie , Nevière Robert , Constantinescu Andrei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study focuses on the viscoelastic behavior of an industrial hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based solid propellant. The analysis of the loss factor as function of temperature enables the investigation of the molecular mechanisms participating in the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. A design of experiments determines the influences of the filler fraction, of the NCO/OH ratio, of the plasticizer content, and of the presence or absence of filler‐binder bonding agents. For all the tested materials, the loss factor as function of temperature exhibits two distinct peaks when measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. Exponentially modified Gaussian distributions are applied on each peak to characterize the behavior. While the first peak is commonly associated with the rubber‐glass transition of the material, the second peak has not been clearly associated with a molecular mechanism. This study shows that the second peak of the loss factor in HTPB‐based solid propellants originates from the flow of free polymer chains in the polymer network with a reptation mechanism. The sol polymer fraction controls the area of the second peak, whereas its temperature at the maximum corresponds to an activation temperature determined by the molar masses of the sol polymer. Finally, when the propellant is stretched, a decrease in area and an increase in the temperature of the peak show that the reptation of the sol polymer chains is constrained by the network.
Systematic evaluation of label‐free and super‐SILAC quantification for proteome expression analysis
Authors: Tebbe Andreas , Klammer Martin , Sighart Stefanie , Schaab Christoph , Daub Henrik 
Published: March 2015

RationaleAdvanced implementations of mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics allow for comprehensive proteome expression profiling across many biological samples. The outcome of such studies critically depends on accurate and precise quantification, which has to be ensured for high‐coverage proteome analysis possible on fast and sensitive mass spectrometers such as quadrupole orbitrap instruments.MethodsWe conducted ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/MS experiments on a Q Exactive to systematically compare label‐free proteome quantification across six human cancer cell lines with quantification against a shared reference mix generated by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (super‐SILAC).ResultsSingle‐shot experiments identified on average about 5000 proteins in the label‐free compared to about 3500 in super‐SILAC experiments. Label‐free quantification was slightly less precise than super‐SILAC in replicate measurements, verifying previous results obtained for lower proteome coverage. Due to the higher number of quantified proteins, more significant differences were detected in label‐free cell line comparisons, whereas a higher percentage of quantified proteins was identified as differentially expressed in super‐SILAC experiments. Additional label‐free replicate analyses effectively compensated for lower precision of quantification. Finally, peptide fractionation by high pH reversed‐phase chromatography prior to LC/MS analysis further increased the robustness and precision of label‐free quantification in conjunction with higher proteome coverage.ConclusionsOur results benchmark and highlight the utility of label‐free proteome quantification for applications such as target and biomarker discovery on state‐of‐the‐art UHPLC/MS workflows. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of chemometrics to resolve overlapping mass spectral peak clusters between trichloroethylene and its deuterated internal standard
Authors: Zhang Mengliang , Harrington Peter de B. 
Published: March 2015

RationaleUsing one or two 2H‐atom‐labeled analogs as internal standards (ISs) may cause a 'cross‐contribution' problem (i.e., the overlap of ions from the IS and the analyte) especially for halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, in this situation the overlapping peak clusters of the analyte and ISs can be resolved by multivariate chemometric methods such as classical least‐squares (CLS) and inverse least‐squares (ILS).MethodsTrichloroethylene (TCE) and its internal standard, deuterated TCE (TCE‐d), as model compounds, were analyzed using portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. CLS and ILS were applied to resolve overlapping TCE and TCE‐d mass spectral signals and evaluated for the determination of TCE. CLS and ILS models were constructed and used to predict concentration ratios of TCE to TCE‐d. Calibration samples were prepared by adding TCE at different concentrations and TCE‐d at 300 ng mL–1 as an IS.ResultsThe calibration curve was linear over a range of 10–1000 ng mL–1 with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.993. A validation data set collected 2 weeks later was used to further test the model robustness. Lower prediction errors and higher correlation coefficients were obtained from TCE/TCE‐d ratios predicted by the CLS model.ConclusionsThis paper describes the first application of CLS to deconvolute overlapping peaks between an analyte and its corresponding isotopic internal standard for quantification. The proposed method enables simple isotopic analogs of analytes (one H or C atom is isotopically labeled) to be used as internal standards for analytes with isotopic distributions. It has wide application because of the environmental impact and prevalence of halogenated VOCs, especially when analytes have isotopic distributions that overlap with an internal standard or when sophisticated isotopic analogs of the analytes with three or more 2H‐ or/and 13C‐atoms are prohibitively expensive or even impossible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population and individual foraging patterns of two hammerhead sharks using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes
Authors: Loor‐Andrade P. , Galván‐Magaña F. , Elorriaga‐Verplancken F. R. , Polo‐Silva C. , Delgado‐Huertas A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationaleIndividual foraging behavior is an important variable of predators commonly studied at the population level. Some hammerhead shark species play a significant role in the marine ecosystem as top consumers. In this context, stable isotope analysis allows us to infer some ecological metrics and patterns that cannot usually be obtained using traditional methods.MethodsWe determined the isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N values) of dorsal muscle and vertebrae of Sphyrna lewini and Sphyrna zygaena using a continuous‐flow system consisting of an elemental analyzer combined with a Delta Plus XL mass spectrometer. Foraging variability by sex and by individual was inferred from the isotopic values.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the isotopic values of muscle samples between sexes, but there were differences between species. The trophic niche breadth of the two species was similar and overlap was low. A low niche overlap was observed between S. lewini individual vertebrae. We found differences in the δ15N values of S. zygaena vertebrae, with lower values in the first group of samples.ConclusionsDespite these hammerhead shark species inhabiting the same area, there was low trophic niche overlap between species and individuals, due to different individual foraging strategies, according to the carbon and nitrogen isotopic profiles obtained. The use of tissues that retain lifetime isotopic information is useful to complement studies on trophic ecology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of lower bounds for the induced norm of LPV systems
Authors: Peni Tamas , Seiler Peter J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryDetermining the induced
norm of a linear parameter‐varying (LPV) system is an integral part of many analysis and robust control design procedures. Most prior work has focused on efficiently computing upper bounds for the induced
norm. The conditions for upper bounds are typically based on scaled small‐gain theorems with dynamic multipliers or dissipation inequalities with parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions. This paper presents a complementary algorithm to compute lower bounds for the induced
norm. The proposed approach computes a lower bound on the gain by restricting the parameter trajectory to be a periodic signal. This restriction enables the use of recent results for exact calculation of the
norm for a periodic linear time varying system. The proposed lower bound algorithm also returns a worst‐case parameter trajectory for the LPV system that can be further analyzed to provide insight into the system performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of power reserve control on wind turbine structural loading
Authors: Fleming Paul A. , Aho Jacob , Buckspan Andrew , Ela Erik , Zhang Yingchen , Gevorgian Vahan , Scholbrock Andrew , Pao Lucy , Damiani Rick 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs the penetration of wind energy in worldwide electrical utility grids increases, there is a growing interest in the provision of active power control (APC) services from wind turbines and power plants to aid in maintaining grid stability. Recent research has focused on the design of active power controllers for wind turbines that can provide a range of APC services including inertial, primary frequency and secondary frequency control. An important consideration for implementing these controllers in practice is assessing their impact on the lifetime of wind turbine components.In this paper, the impact on the structural loads of a wind turbine providing a power reserve is explored by performing a load suite analysis for several torque‐based control strategies. Power reserve is required for providing those APC services that require the ability of the wind turbine to supply an increase in power. To study this, we performed a load suite on a simulated model of a research turbine located at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Analysis of the results explores the effect of the different reserve strategies on turbine loading. In addition, field‐test data from the turbine itself are presented to augment and support the findings from the simulation study results. Results indicate that all power‐reserve strategies tend to decrease extreme loads and increase pitch actuation. Fatigue loads tend to be reduced in faster winds and increased in slower winds, but are dependent on reserve‐controller design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship‐scale conservation
Authors: Brooks Jeffrey J. , Dvorak Robert G. , Spindler Mike , Miller Susanne 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTConservation can occur anywhere regardless of scale, political jurisdiction, or landownership. We present a framework to help managers at protected areas practice conservation at the scale of relationships. We focus on relationships between stakeholders and protected areas and between managers and other stakeholders. We provide a synthesis of key natural resources literature and present a case example to support our premise and recommendations. The purpose is 4‐fold: 1) discuss challenges and threats to conservation and protected areas; 2) outline a relationship‐scale approach to address conservation threats; 3) describe the tools and techniques that can be used to implement this approach; and 4) present a case example from rural Alaska, USA, to illustrate relationship‐scale conservation. Our case example illustrates how aspects of this approach to conservation were applied to address a wildlife population decline. Tools needed to implement relationship‐scale conservation include 1) collecting and documenting narratives of place; 2) measuring and monitoring trust and commitment; and 3) identifying and mitigating threats. We recommend that planners and managers, working with their research partners, redefine and refocus their goals and objectives to include these practices. Doing so will enable them to gain substantial applied knowledge about their stakeholders and foster and maintain place relationships as desired outcomes of conservation. The ultimate outcome is a better prognosis for long‐term global survival of protected areas and biodiversity. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Diffusion of Childbearing Within Cohabitation
Authors: Vitali Agnese , Aassve Arnstein , Lappegård Trude 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe article analyzes the diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation in Norway, using municipality data over a 24-year period (1988–2011). Research has found substantial spatial heterogeneity in this phenomenon but also substantial spatial correlation, and the prevalence of childbearing within cohabitation has increased significantly over time. We consider several theoretical perspectives and implement a spatial panel model that allows accounting for autocorrelation not only on the dependent variable but also on key explanatory variables, and hence identifies the key determinants of diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation across space and over time. We find only partial support for the second demographic transition as a theory able to explain the diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation. Our results show that at least in the first phase of the diffusion (1988–1997), economic difficulties as measured by increased unemployment among men contributed to the diffusion of childbearing within cohabitation. However, the most important driver for childbearing within cohabitation is expansion in education for women.
Repeated ketamine administration redeems the time lag for citalopram's antidepressant-like effects
Authors: Zhang G.-F. , Liu W.-X. , Qiu L.-L. , Guo J. , Wang X.-M. , Sun H.-L. , Yang J.-J. , Zhou Z.-Q. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCurrent available antidepressants exhibit low remission rate with a long response lag time. Growing evidence has demonstrated acute sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine exerts rapid, robust, and lasting antidepressant effects. However, a long term use of ketamine tends to elicit its adverse reactions. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of intermittent and consecutive administrations of ketamine on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats, and to determine whether ketamine can redeem the time lag for treatment response of classic antidepressants. The behavioral responses were assessed by the sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. In the first stage of experiments, all the four treatment regimens of ketamine (10 mg/kg ip, once daily for 3 or 7 consecutive days, or once every 7 or 3 days, in a total 21 days) showed robust antidepressant-like effects, with no significant influence on locomotor activity and stereotype behavior in the CUMS rats. The intermittent administration regimens produced longer antidepressant-like effects than the consecutive administration regimens and the administration every 7 days presented similar antidepressant-like effects with less administration times compared with the administration every 3 days. In the second stage of experiments, the combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg ip, once every 7 days) and citalopram (20 mg/kg po, once daily) for 21 days caused more rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects than citalopram administered alone. In summary, repeated sub-anesthestic doses of ketamine can redeem the time lag for the antidepressant-like effects of citalopram, suggesting the combination of ketamine and classic antidepressants is a promising regimen for depression with quick onset time and stable and lasting effects.
Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program
Authors: Rajput Ali H. , Rajput Alex 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe review the Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, which started in 1968 and has had the dual goals of patient care and research. The clinics are structured to collect research-worthy data including videos, longitudinal follow-up, and autopsy studies of patients seen in the clinics. At every clinic visit, the patient is evaluated by one or both authors. A total of 25% to 30% of the deceased come to autopsy. Frozen half-brain and formalin-fixed remnants from autopsy are preserved in our laboratories. Patients not seen in our clinic are not included in research, which makes it different from brain banks. So far, 515 cases have come to autopsy. So far, there have been 17 collaborating scientific teams from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Japan. The collaborators are not charged for access to our resources. This program offers a unique opportunity to study multiple aspects of movement disorder patients seen in clinical practice.
Performance of rapid-grown KDP crystals with continuous filtration
Authors: Hu Guohang , Wang Yueliang , Chang Junxiu , Xie Xiaoyi , Zhao Yuanan , Qi Hongji , Shao Jianda 
Published: March 2015

Rapid growth processing of KDP crystals was improved by employing continuous filtration to eliminate bulk defects. The performances of the KDP crystals, including scattering defects, laser damage resistance and transmittance, were measured and analyzed. Compared with rapid-grown KDP without continuous filtration, the transmittance in the near-infrared was increased by at least 2%, almost all of ‘micron size’ defects were eliminated and ‘sub-micron size’ defects were decreased by approximately 90%. Laser damage testing revealed that the laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), as well as the consistency of the LIDTs from sample to sample, were improved greatly. Moreover, it identified that ‘micron size’ defects were the precursors which initiated laser damage at relative lower laser fluence (4–6 J cm−2), and there was a lower correlation between smaller size scattering defects and laser damage initiation. The improved consistency in the LIDTs, attributed to elimination of ‘micron size’ defects, and LIDT enhancement originated from the decreased absorption of the KDP crystals.
An entomological review of invasive mosquitoes in Europe
Authors: Medlock J.M. , Hansford K.M. , Versteirt V. , Cull B. , Kampen H. , Fontenille D. , Hendrickx G. , Zeller H. , Van Bortel W. , Schaffner F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmong the invasive mosquitoes registered all over the world,Aedesspecies are particularly frequent and important. As several of them are potential vectors of disease, they present significant health concerns for 21st century Europe. Five species have established in mainland Europe, with two (Aedes albopictusandAedes japonicus) becoming widespread and two (Ae. albopictusandAedes aegypti) implicated in disease transmission to humans in Europe. The routes of importation and spread are often enigmatic, the ability to adapt to local environments and climates are rapid, and the biting nuisance and vector potential are both an ecomonic and public health concern. Europeans are used to cases of dengue and chikungunya in travellers returning from the tropics, but the threat to health and tourism in mainland Europe is substantive. Coupled to that are the emerging issues in the European overseas territorities and this paper is the first to consider the impacts in the remoter outposts of Europe. If entomologists and public health authorities are to address the spread of these mosquitoes and mitigate their health risks they must first be prepared to share information to better understand their biology and ecology, and share data on their distribution and control successes. This paper focusses in greater detail on the entomological and ecological aspects of these mosquitoes to assist with the risk assessment process, bringing together a large amount of information gathered through the ECDC VBORNET project.
Using comparative genomics to develop a molecular diagnostic for the identification of an emerging pest Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Murphy K.A. , Unruh T.R. , Zhou L.M. , Zalom F.G. , Shearer P.W. , Beers E.H. , Walton V.M. , Miller B. , Chiu J.C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila) has recently become a serious invasive pest of fruit crops in the USA, Canada, and Europe, leading to substantial economic losses. D. suzukii is a direct pest, ovipositing directly into ripe or ripening fruits; in contrast, other Drosophilids utilize decaying or blemished fruits and are nuisance pests at worst. Immature stages of D. suzukii are difficult to differentiate from other Drosophilids, posing problems for research and for meeting quarantine restrictions designed to prevent the spread of this pest in fruit exports. Here we used a combined phylogenetic and bioinformatic approach to discover genetic markers suitable for a species diagnostic protocol of this agricultural pest. We describe a molecular diagnostic for rapid identification of single D. suzukii larva using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Our molecular diagnostic was validated using nine different species of Drosophila for specificity and 19 populations of D. suzukii from different geographical regions to ensure utility within species.
Making business scents: how to harvest incense sustainably from the globally threatened lansan treeProtium attenuatum
Authors: Daltry Jennifer C. , Prospere Alfred , Toussaint Adams , Gengelbach Jana , Morton Matthew N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWild tree resins generate billions of dollars in revenue annually but many species face extinction. The lansan treeProtium attenuatumhas disappeared across most of its range as a result of overexploitation for its valuable oleoresin, which is used as incense. This study in Saint Lucia aimed to determine whether lansan resin could be harvested sustainably. Over 34 months, 298 trees were tapped using 10 experimental methods, and compared with 74 controls. Significantly more resin was produced by tapping the same trees repeatedly, tapping trees with a wider girth, cutting the same part of the trunk repeatedly, and, in particular, spraying diluted sulphuric acid on the cut. Applying 5 and 30% sulphuric acid boosted yields by 58 and 134%, respectively, without negative impacts on tree growth, condition or mortality. In contrast, traditional methods used by local tappers were destructive, causing greater decay and infection, slower growth rates and increased mortality. Results show tappers can obtain more resin and maintain healthy populations by tapping mature trees of ≥ 20 cm diameter at breast height, using only one shallow cut per tree (refreshed every 2 weeks) and applying weak sulphuric acid solution. A blind survey found consumers could not distinguish between incense produced with or without this stimulant. A national management plan has been devised whereby tappers will be licensed and trained in the optimal method and granted their own forest coupes to manage under Forestry Department supervision. The methods and findings may guide the sustainable use and conservation of other resin-producing trees.