bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Distribution and Speciation in a Managed Turfgrass System Following Monosodium Methylarsenate Application
Authors: Mahoney Denis J. , Gannon Travis W. , Jeffries Matthew D. , Polizzotto Matthew L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMonosodium methylarsenate (MSMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide commonly used in certain warm‐season turfgrasses. Recently, concerns about MSMA use have arisen because of the release of As into the environment, although the fate of applied As is not well quantified for realistic management scenarios. Greenhouse lysimeter experiments were conducted to determine As distribution and speciation over time following an MSMA application to established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. At 1 wk after treatment (WAT), up to 65% of As from MSMA was detected in bermudagrass clippings and the remaining aboveground vegetation. Elevated soil and porewater As concentrations were detected to 5 cm depth but increases were not observed below this depth. Mass balance calculations revealed that As partitioned into the soil over time, with 91% of the applied As residing in the upper 5 cm of soil solids by 8 WAT. Arsenate was the dominant As species by 2 WAT and thereafter in porewater and soil. Results indicate that turfgrass management plans could be altered to minimize potential off‐target contamination from MSMA by returning clippings following mowing events and using MSMA in a herbicide rotation.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Chancé Dominique 
Published: September 2015

Cet article présente un travail de traduction d’une œuvre d’Amos Tutuola, Simbi and the Satyr of the Dark Jungle , entrepris à la suite d’une rencontre-lecture proposée par Guy Lenoir et Alain Ricard à la librairie Mollat à Bordeaux, à l’occasion de la publication du livre de Michèle Laforest, Tutuola, mon bon maître , édité chez Confluences, dans la collection « Traversées de l’Afrique », que dirige Alain Ricard. À défaut d’une traduction aboutie, s’ensuivit une réflexion sur la traduction et sur la relation entre le texte et le « terrain » auquel un littéraire est peu habitué à se confronter, à la différence du chercheur en sciences humaines. Il m’a semblé qu’Alain Ricard représente précisément le type de chercheur qui allie les qualités du chercheur en sciences humaines, par sa connaissance du terrain et son action dans le champ littéraire, et du chercheur en littérature qui se soucie du texte et de sa poétique. C’est dans cette mesure qu’il a été pour moi un « bon maître », quoique je n’aie pas réussi à le suivre dans cette voie.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Ngalasso-Mwatha Musanji 
Published: September 2015

L’expression « littérature orale » n’est pas contradictoire si l’on définit la littérature par la littérarité plutôt que par la littéralité. La différence entre les textes oraux et les textes écrits n’est pas une différence de nature ni de qualité ; c’est une différence de techniques. Celles-ci évoluent constamment et se croisent nécessairement. Les littératures orales sont modernes parce qu’elles sont toujours d’actualité. Elles sont modernes parce qu’elles s’adaptent aux nouveaux modes de vie et de production. Elles sont modernes parce qu’elles constituent une source d’inspiration non négligeable pour les littératures écrites d’aujourd’hui. Écrire les littératures orales est une manière de les faire vivre et parler à travers les livres.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Wynchank Anny 
Published: September 2015

En 1924, André Gide se rend au Congo en mission officielle. Il tient régulièrement son journal dans lequel il note ses réflexions mais aussi et surtout il décrit avec force détails les territoires qu’il traverse et les peuplades qu’il rencontre. Pour cet intellectuel français, l’Afrique noire est un lieu sauvage et sans spiritualité. Les convictions exprimées sont issues d’une position de puissance et portent le signe de l’autorité. Vingt-cinq ans plus tard, un Africain offre une autre image de l’Afrique et des Africains. Camara Laye, dans Le Regard du roi , présente un renversement ironique des stéréotypes et des idées reçues. L’Afrique peut offrir la spiritualité et la paix au Blanc.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Coulon Virginia 
Published: September 2015

LITAF a vingt ans. Base de données de littératures africaines subsahariennes d’expression française, elle n’aurait pas pu exister sans l’appui et les encouragements constants d’Alain Ricard. Ce texte fait le bilan de ces années d’aventures et de défis qui ont présidé à l’élaboration de la Base et s’interroge – avec franchise – sur les apports et les enseignements de cette entreprise.
Land Use Relationships for a Rare Freshwater Mussel Species Endemic to Central Texas
Authors: Randklev Charles R. , Wang Hsiao-Hsuan , Groce Julie E. , Grant William E. , Robertson Stirling , Wilkins Neal 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We assessed the influence of geology, land use, and other features on the occurrence of the rare freshwater mussel smooth pimpleback, Quadrula houstonensis, in the Leon River, Texas. Boosted regression trees were used to assess the relationships between the species’ occurrence and potential explanatory variables based on field data from 52 sampling locations. The individual variables that best explained prevalence for this species were downstream distance from reservoirs, percentage of shrubland within the riparian buffer, and percentage of alluvium and aquifer bearing rock-types. These results indicate that smooth pimpleback may be sensitive to flow modification and changes in land use that increase sedimentation. The application of similar modeling efforts to other rare species in this region could help in their management and conservation.
Identification of Thiostrepton as a Novel Inhibitor for Psoriasis-like Inflammation Induced by TLR7–9
Authors: Lai Chao-Yang , Yeh Da-Wei , Lu Chih-Hao , Liu Yi-Ling , Huang Li-Rung , Kao Cheng-Yuan , Chen Huan-Yuan , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Chang Chung-Hsing , Luo Yunping , Xiang Rong , Chuang Tsung-Hsien 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Activation of TLR7–9 has been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. Thus, therapeutic applications of antagonists of these TLRs for such disorders are being investigated. Bortezomib (Velcade) is a proteasome inhibitor known to suppress activation of these TLRs. To identify novel TLR7–9 inhibitors, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database for gene expression profiles of bortezomib-treated cells. These profiles were then used to screen the Connectivity Map database for chemical compounds with similar functions as bortezomib. A natural antibiotic, thiostrepton, was identified for study. Similar to bortezomib, thiostrepton effectively inhibits TLR7–9 activation in cell-based assays and in dendritic cells. In contrast to bortezomib, thiostrepton does not inhibit NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α, IL-1, and other TLRs, and it is less cytotoxic to dendritic cells. Thiostrepton inhibits TLR9 localization in endosomes for activation via two mechanisms, which distinguish it from currently used TLR7–9 inhibitors. One mechanism is similar to the proteasome inhibitory function of bortezomib, whereas the other is through inhibition of endosomal acidification. Accordingly, in different animal models, thiostrepton attenuated LL37- and imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. These results indicated that thiostrepton is a novel TLR7–9 inhibitor, and compared with bortezomib, its inhibitory effect is more specific to these TLRs, suggesting the potential therapeutic applications of thiostrepton on immunologic disorders elicited by inappropriate activation of TLR7–9.
Cutting Edge: IL-25 Targets Dendritic Cells To Attract IL-9–Producing T Cells in Acute Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Claudio Estefania , Tassi Ilaria , Wang Hongshan , Tang Wanhu , Ha Hye-lin , Siebenlist Ulrich 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of airways that is often associated with type 2 responses triggered by allergens, such as house dust mites (HDMs). IL-25 is a key mucosal cytokine that may be produced by stressed epithelial cells; it rapidly activates type 2 innate lymphoid cells to produce IL-13 and IL-5. When administered directly into lungs, IL-25 induces acute inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-25–initiated inflammation and the roles of this cytokine in the context of HDM-induced allergic inflammation are not fully understood. We show in this article that lung-resident conventional dendritic cells were direct targets of IL-25. IL-25–stimulated dendritic cells rapidly induced mediators, such as the chemokine CCL17, which, in turn, attracted IL-9–producing T cells. Importantly, these mechanisms also operated during HDM-induced allergic lung inflammation.
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 Il10 Inhibits Inflammatory Activities of Carp Macrophages and Promotes Proliferation of Igm+ B Cells and Memory T Cells in a Manner Similar to Carp Il10
Authors: Piazzon M. Carla , Wentzel Annelieke S. , Tijhaar Edwin J. , Rakus Krzysztof Ł. , Vanderplasschen Alain , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Forlenza Maria 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the causative agent of a lethal disease of carp and encodes for an Il10 homolog (ORF134). Our previous studies with a recombinant ORF134-deleted strain and the derived revertant strain suggested that cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Il10 (CyHV-3 Il10 [cyhv3Il10]) is not essential for viral replication in vitro, or virulence in vivo. In apparent contrast, cyhv3Il10 is one of the most abundant proteins of the CyHV-3 secretome and is structurally very similar to carp Il10 and also human IL10. To date, studies addressing the biological activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host have not been performed. To address the apparent contradiction between the presence of a structurally conserved Il10 homolog in the genome of CyHV-3 and the lack of a clear phenotype in vivo using recombinant cyhv3Il10-deleted viruses, we used an in vitro approach to investigate in detail whether cyhv3Il10 exerts any biological activity on carp cells. In this study, we provide direct evidence that cyhv3Il10 is biologically active and, similarly to carp Il10, signals via a conserved Stat3 pathway modulating immune cells of its natural host, carp. In vitro, cyhv3Il10 deactivates phagocytes with a prominent effect on macrophages, while also promoting proliferation of Igm+ B cells and memory T cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates a clear biological activity of cyhv3Il10 on cells of its natural host and indicates that cyhv3Il10 is a true viral ortholog of carp Il10. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first report on biological activities of a nonmammalian viral Il10 homolog.
Expression, Function, and Molecular Properties of the Killer Receptor Ncr1-Noé
Authors: Glasner Ariella , Simic Hrvoje , Miklić Karmela , Roth Ziv , Berhani Orit , Khalaila Isam , Jonjic Stipan , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
NK cells kill various cells using activating receptors, such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs). NKp46 is a major NCR and is the only NCR expressed in mice (denoted Ncr1). Using Ncr1-deficient mice (Ncr1gfp/pfp) we demonstrated that Ncr1 controls various pathologies, and that in its absence Ncr1-related functions are impaired. In 2012, another Ncr1-related mouse was generated, named Noé, in which a random mutation, W32R, in position 32, impaired the Ncr1-Noé cell surface expression. Interestingly, in the Noé mice, Ncr1-dependent deficiencies were not observed. Additionally, the Noé-NK cells were hyperactivated, probably due to increased Helios expression, and the Noé mice demonstrate increased clearance of influenza and murine CMV. In contrast, in the Ncr1gfp/pfp mice infection with influenza was lethal and we show in the present study no difference in murine CMV infection between Ncr1gfp/pfp and wild-type (WT) mice. Because the foremost difference between the Noé and Ncr1gfp/gfp mice is the presence of a mutated Ncr1-Noé protein, we studied its properties. We show that Ncr1-Noé and various other Ncr1 mutants in position 32 can be expressed on the surface, albeit slowly and unstably, and that ligand recognition and function of the various Ncr1-Noé is similar to the WT Ncr1. We further show that the glycosylation pattern of Ncr1-Noé is aberrant, that the Ncr1-Noé proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum, and that the expression of Ncr1-Noé proteins, but not WT Ncr1, leads to increased Helios expression. Thus, we suggest that the NK hyperactivated phenotype observed in the Noé mice might result from the presence of the Ncr1-Noé protein.
Elevated antimeasles antibody titre: An association in autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Chandra S. R. , Issac Thomas Gregor , Philip Mariamma , Krishnan A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of treatable noninfective encephalitic disorders with great clinical implications. They have a close resemblance to prion disease and some slow virus infections. We report the presence of significant titers of antimeasles antibody in some of our patients with autoimmune encephalitis resulting in diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Patients and Methods: Patients seen by us in the last 4 years with high titers (1:625 dilution) cerebrospinal fiuid (CSF) antimeasles antibody positivity were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected were assessed using SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0 (IBM corporation) software. The groups which showed elevated antimeasles antibody titers but did not have other parameters suggestive of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Group 2) were segregated and compared with those who had the typical features (Group 1) using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: There were 33 patients with antimeasles antibody in CSF. Group 1 had 27 and Group 2 had 6 patients. Group 1 had lower age, cognitive dysfunction, slow myoclonus, less generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and focal seizures. Group 2 patients belonged to the higher age, had significant psychosis (P = 0.02), incontinence of bowel and bladder (P = 0.0001). Slow myoclonus was significant in the first group (P = 0.028), and weakness was significant in the second group (P = 0.028) and double incontinence in the second group (P = 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant gray matter and cerebellar involvement in Group 2 P = 0.005 and P = 0.028, respectively. Conclusions: Patients who show significant titers of antimeasles antibodies in the CSF but belonging to older age group with psychosis, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, double incontinence, focal myoclonus, and electroencephalographic and imaging noncorroborative need to be investigated for autoimmune encephalitis in view of the great prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
Optic nerve sonography: A noninvasive means of detecting raised intracranial pressure in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Aduayi Olufunso Simisola , Asaleye Christianah Mopelola , Adetiloye Victor Adebayo , Komolafe Edward Oluwole , Aduayi Victor Adovi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to assess the use of optic nerve sonography (ONS) as a quick, noninvasive diagnostic test tool for detecting raised the intracranial pressure (ICP). Materials and Methods: A prospective blinded observational study was conducted at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 160 adult patients referred to the radiology department for cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. There were 80 subjects and 80 controls. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured by a radiologist using a 7.5 Megahertz ultrasound probe while cranial CT was reviewed by other radiologists blinded to the ONSD. Results: Sixty-nine subjects (86.3%) had intracranial space occupying lesions (SOL) with cranial CT confirmed features of increased ICP, mean binocular ONSD of 5.7 ± 0.59 mm while 11 (13.7%) had intracranial SOL without any cranial CT evidence of increased ICP, mean binocular ONSD of 4.8 ± 0.39 mm. The difference of mean ONSD of the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The controls had a mean binocular ONSD of 4.5 ± 0.22 mm and the difference in mean binocular ONSD for subjects with raised ICP and the controls were also statistically significant (P = 0.0001). A cut-off value of 5.2 mm (sensitivity 81.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 69.9–89.6], specificity 100% [95% CI: 71.5–100]) was obtained from the receiver operator characteristics curve as the mean binocular ONSD that best predicts raised ICP confirmed by at least a sign on cranial CT. Conclusions: Optic nerve sonography can differentiate between normal and elevated ICP and may serve as a useful screening tool in resource-limited practice.
Public health strategies to ensure reduction in suicide incidence in middle and low income nations
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Ramasamy Jegadeesh 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWorldwide, the incidence of suicide has increased at an alarming rate and in the year 2012 close to 1 million people died because of suicide. Although, it is a well-acknowledged fact that suicides are completely preventable, the public health authorities have failed to halt the rising trend of the suicide because of the presence of various social and health related factors. As suicide is a complex issue, in the low and middle-income nations, the most cost-effective approach is to ensure the integration of suicide prevention program into the primary health care network. To conclude, suicide is an important public health concern which is definitively preventable. However, the need of the hour is that all the stakeholders should take collective responsibility, and work in collaboration to develop and implement a comprehensive multi-sectoral suicide prevention strategy.
Deconstructing the ‘Aporias’ of Employee Codes of Conduct: The Zimbabwean Experience.
Authors: Maunganidze Langtone 
Published: September 2015

<p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstract </span></strong></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Employee codes of conduct have remained one of the most favoured templates for governing employee discipline and sustaining an ethical organizational culture in most contemporary establishments. However the numerous challenges and contradictions that confront both the construction and administration of the instrument have recently attracted a heightened interest from both scholars and industrial relations practitioners. Based on the findings from five selected Zimbabwean public sector firms, this paper mounts a critique of codes of conduct through the foil of postmodern deconstructionism and advances that there are <em>aporias; </em>that is,<em> </em>tensions and irresolvable contradictions between the logic and rhetoric of codes of conduct and their practice. The paper further argues that the codes are in a predicament rendering them to be at best only partially accurate and at worst misleading descriptions of the real organizational culture. The <em>aporetic</em> nature of codes of conduct as experienced by the variability and contradictions in their application creates possibilities of uncertainty and limitations in the management of employee discipline. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Keywords</strong>: aporia, code, deconstruction, discipline, ethics, postmodern</span></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></strong></p>
Impact of Verbal Praise on Teachers Motivation: Implications for Coping with 21st Century Challenges
Authors: Okereke Chinwe , Ugwuegbulam Charles N. 
Published: September 2015

<em>This work investigated the impact of verbal praise on teachers’ motivation. The study was conducted with 612 teachers in six public primary school in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Teachers from the schools were assigned into treatment and control groups respectively. On the day of their experiment a Personal Orientation Questionnaire (POQ) was given to teachers as pretest. Teachers were asked to take up four topics in primary science which lasted for four weeks. At the end of each lesson, teachers in the experimental group were encouraged verbally by the head of their schools and the research assistants but those in control group were not encouraged. At the end, Actualization Motivation Questionnaire, (AMQ) was given to the teachers as post-test. The data collected were analyzed with mean scores, standard deviation and ANCOVA. It was found that verbal praise promoted teachers actualization and motivation more than those non-verbal praise. Again,verbal praise enhanced female teachers performance higher than the male teachers. Recommendations were made based on the findings that school heads and government should accompany teachers’ school performance with public verbal praise.</em>
Functional Effects of a Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Patch From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in a Rat Infarct Model
Authors: Wendel Jacqueline S. , Ye Lei , Tao Ran , Zhang Jianyi , Zhang Jianhua , Kamp Timothy J. , Tranquillo Robert T. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

A tissue-engineered cardiac patch provides a method to deliver cardiomyoctes to the injured myocardium with high cell retention and large, controlled infarct coverage, enhancing the ability of cells to limit remodeling after infarction. The patch environment can also yield increased survival. In the present study, we sought to assess the efficacy of a cardiac patch made from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to engraft and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling acutely after infarction. Cardiac patches were created from hiPSC-CMs and human pericytes (PCs) entrapped in a fibrin gel and implanted acutely onto athymic rat hearts. hiPSC-CMs not only remained viable after in vivo culture, but also increased in number by as much as twofold, consistent with colocalization of human nuclear antigen, cardiac troponin T, and Ki-67 staining. CM+PC patches led to reduced infarct sizes compared with myocardial infarction-only controls at week 4, and CM+PC patch recipient hearts exhibited greater fractional shortening over all groups at both 1 and 4 weeks after transplantation. However, a decline occurred in fractional shortening for all groups over 4 weeks, and LV thinning was not mitigated. CM+PC patches became vascularized in vivo, and microvessels were more abundant in the host myocardium border zone, suggesting a paracrine mechanism for the improved cardiac function. PCs in a PC-only control patch did not survive 4 weeks in vivo. Our results indicate that cardiac patches containing hiPSC-CMs engraft onto acute infarcts, and the hiPSC-CMs survive, proliferate, and contribute to a reduction in infarct size and improvements in cardiac function.

Significance
In the present study, a cardiac patch was created from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human pericytes entrapped in a fibrin gel, and it was transplanted onto infarcted rat myocardium. It was found that a patch that contained both cardiomyocytes and pericytes survived transplantation and resulted in improved cardiac function and a reduced infarct size compared with controls.