bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenation of p‐Nitrophenol to p‐Aminophenol as a Test Reaction for the Catalytic Activity of Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Goepel Michael , Al‐Naji Majd , With Patrick , Wagner Gerald , Oeckler Oliver , Enke Dirk , Gläser Roger 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Hydrierung von p‐Nitrophenol (PNP) zu p‐Aminophenol (PAP) mit NaBH4 als Reduktionsmittel wurde als Testreaktion für die Bestimmung der katalytischen Aktivität von Platin‐Trägerkatalysatoren untersucht. Als Maß für die Aktivität dient die Anfangsreaktionsgeschwindigkeit, die in weniger als 10 Minuten mittels Online‐UV‐vis‐Spektroskopie bei Raumtemperatur und Umgebungsdruck in Wasser als Lösungsmittel zugänglich ist. Für drei Pt‐Katalysatoren mit porösem SiO2, porösem Glas bzw. Al2O3 als Träger wurden deutliche Aktivitätsunterschiede beobachtet. Allerdings müssen vor allem bei sehr aktiven Katalysatoren mögliche Limitierungen der Umsetzung durch externe und interne Stofftransportvorgänge berücksichtigt werden.
Analysis and Interpretation of Zero Length Column Response Curves
Authors: Mangano Enzo , Brandani Stefano , Ruthven Douglas M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo obtain reliable diffusivity data it is essential that the zero length columns (ZLC) response curve is measured under conditions of kinetic control. For systems with a mildly favorable isotherm, the form of the ZLC response curve under equilibrium control is very similar to that for a linear system under kinetic control. For an equilibrium controlled system, however, the response curve plotted as c/c0 vs Ft (total volume of purge gas passed through the sample at time t) should be invariant with the purge flow rate. Therefore, these two situations are easily distinguishable. Unfortunately this check has often been omitted in reported ZLC studies, leading to erroneous apparent diffusivity values.
Petroleum coke gasification: A review
Authors: Murthy Bontu N. , Sawarkar Ashish N. , Deshmukh Niteen A. , Mathew Thomas , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe production of petroleum coke (petcoke) in the refineries is progressively peaking up because of the trend of processing heavy crudes and in turn, a renewed interest in delayed coking process. Therefore, an efficient, economical, and environmentally safe utilisation of petcoke has become imperative in the current petroleum refining scenario. Gasification of petcoke has emerged as one of the attractive options and is gaining increasing attention to convert the petcoke to value‐added products. The process offers the refiners a variety of product slates mainly via synthesis gas route. The products include steam, hydrogen, electricity, chemicals (viz. methanol, ammonia, etc.), liquid fuels via Fischer–Tropsch (F‐T) synthesis and so on. Petcoke has been identified as a potential feedstock for about 15% of the total planned gasification capacity worldwide. In the present communication, the published literature pertaining to petcoke gasification has been extensively analysed and a state‐of‐the‐art review has been written that includes: (1) the importance of petcoke gasification in the present petroleum refining scenario; (2) petcoke gasification reaction mechanism, kinetics, and typical product profile; (3) parametric sensitivity of the operating variables such as temperature and pressure; (4) various gasifiers for petcoke gasification; (5) modelling efforts on different types of gasifiers and (6) future prospects of petcoke gasification. An attempt has been made to get the afore‐mentioned aspects together in a thematic framework so that the information is available at a glance and is expected to be useful as a single point source to the researchers and practicing refiners.
Influence of the medium conditions on enzymatic oxidation of bisphenol A
Authors: Yalçınkaya Zeki , Gün Selim , Şahan Tekin , Birhanlı Emre , Sahiner Nurettin , Aktaş Nahit , Yeşilada Özfer 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA multistep response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimise the medium conditions for the enzymatic polymerisation of bisphenol A (BPA). The laccase enzyme used as the catalyst was derived from Funalia trogii (ATCC 200800) yeast culture. The enzymatic polymerisation rate of BPA, based on the measurements of the initial dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption rate in a closed batch system, was studied through RSM. Initially the most effective medium factors, which are monomer concentration (mg/L), temperature (°C) and solvent content (% methanol), were determined through Plackett–Burman Design (PBD), then the steepest ascent combined with central composite design (CCD) steps were applied to evaluate the optimal reaction conditions for the enzymatic polymerisation. The optimal conditions were evaluated to be 748.46 mg/L, 32.24°C and 15.92% for monomer concentration, temperature and solvent content, respectively. A quadratic model was developed through RSM to represent DO consumption in the medium. The maximum DO consumption rate was calculated to be 0.093 mg DO/L min. Several repetitions were conducted at the optimal conditions to validate the system performance. The data evaluated from the quadratic model were in good agreement with those measured experimentally. The variations between the values did not exceed 10%. The correlation coefficient, R2, was calculated to be 0.95, which indicates that 95% of results can be explained by model.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Annulations between Modified Allylic Derivatives and Polar Dienes and Substituent Effect on the Annulation Mode
Authors: Tian Junjun , Sun Haiyun , Zhou Rong , He Zhengjie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this work, the phosphine‐catalyzed annulation reactions between modified allylic derivatives and polar 1,1‐dicyano‐1,3‐dienes have been studied. In the catalysis of PPh3 (20 mol%), a [4+1] annulation reaction is realized between a series of 1,1‐dicyano‐2,4‐diaryl‐1,3‐dienes and ethoxycarbonyl‐activated allylic acetate, producing polysubstituted cyclopentenes in modest to excellent yields. It is also observed that the substituents of both 1,3‐dienes and allylic derivatives have a significant influence on the annulation mode: under the catalysis of PPh3 or PBu3 (20 mol%), regioselective [3+2] annulation products are formed from differently substituted substrates.
Absolute Configuration of the Phenylpropanoid Isolated from Peperomia tetraphylla
Authors: Yu Yanchao , Lu Xiaowei , Wu Wenju , Wu Yikang , Liu Bo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA recently identified phenylpropanoid isolated from Peperomia tetraphylla was synthesized in enantiopure forms using an aldol condensation of enantiopure (R)‐N‐acetyl 4‐phenyl‐oxazolidin‐2‐one as the key step. With the aid of the single crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the synthetic sample, the configuration for the natural product was unambiguously established. Corrected/updated 13C NMR and optical rotation are also presented.
Fast nonparametric estimation for convolutions of densities
Authors: Chesneau Christophe , Comte Fabienne , Navarro Fabien 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of estimating the convolution of densities. We propose an adaptive estimator based on kernel methods, Fourier analysis and the Lepski method. We study the ‐risk properties of the estimator. Fast and new rates of convergence are determined for a wide class of unknown functions. Numerical illustrations, on both simulated and real data, are provided to assess the performance of our procedure. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 617–636; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Techniques for the construction of robust regression designs
Authors: Daemi Maryam , Wiens Douglas P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe authors review and extend the literature on robust regression designs. Even for straight line regression, there are cases in which the optimally robust designs—in a minimax mean squared error sense, with the maximum evaluated as the “true” model varies over a neighbourhood of that fitted by the experimenter—have not yet been constructed. They fill this gap in the literature, and in so doing introduce a method of construction that is conceptually and mathematically simpler than the sole competing method. The technique used injects additional insight into the structure of the solutions. In the cases that the optimality criteria employed result in designs that are not invariant under changes in the design space, their methods also allow for an investigation of the resulting changes in the designs. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 679–695; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Was ist bekannt über den bilingualen Unterricht in den Naturwissenschaften (Chemie)?
Authors: Aristov Natasha 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDer aktuelle Forschungsstand zum bilingualen Unterricht in Chemie wird dargestellt. Studien (Leistungstests, Interviews) in diversen Ländern Asiens und Europas zeigen, dass die Fremdsprachenkompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern, die „bilingualen“ Sachfachunterricht (Unterricht in der Fremdsprache geführt, oder CLIL – content and language integrated learning) erhalten, höher als die von muttersprachlich Unterrichteten ist. Keine eindeutigen Aussagen können hingegen zu ihrer naturwissenschaftlichen Sachfachkompetenz gemacht werden. Ergebnisse der Forschung in bilingualem Chemieunterricht weisen auf mögliche Methoden hin, den muttersprachlichen Regelunterricht zu optimieren. Einige offene didaktische, erkenntnistheoretische und bildungspolitische Fragen bleiben allerdings: (unter anderem) ob bilingualer Unterricht Lernenden eine intensivere Beschäftigung mit Lerninhalten ermöglicht als der muttersprachliche Unterricht dies tut; ob Vorkenntnisse der Lerninhalte in der Muttersprache für den Erfolg des bilingualen Unterrichts notwendig sind; ob der bilinguale Chemieunterricht nur für bestimme Lerninhalte geeignet ist (und, wenn ja, für welche); ob der bilinguale Unterricht nachweisbare Vorteile für das spätere Studium und den Beruf bringt.
Comparison of Bivalirudin Versus Heparin(s) During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients Receiving Prasugrel: A Propensity‐Matched Study
Authors: Hamon Martial , Bonello Laurent , Marso Steven , Rao Sunil V. , Valgimigli Marco , Verheugt Freek , Gershlick Anthony , Wang Yamei , Prats Jayne , Steg Gabriel P. , Deliargyris Efthymios 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) trials have established that the use of bivalirudin (BIV) is associated with improved patient outcomes and substantial hospital cost savings, relative to heparin (HEP)‐based regimens ± glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs). Whether these benefits persist with the use of prasugrel, a new third‐generation oral thienopyridine, has not been previously evaluated.MethodsUsing the Premier hospital database, 6986 patients treated with prasugrel who underwent elective, urgent, or primary PCI between quarter 3, 2009 and quarter 4, 2010 from 166 US hospitals were identified. These patients received either BIV (n = 3377) or HEP ± GPI (n = 3609) as procedural anticoagulation. Outcomes of interest included bleeding, transfusions, death, and hospital length of stay (LOS). To control for patient and hospital‐level characteristics, propensity score‐matching (PSM) analyses were performed.ResultsMortality, clinically apparent bleeding, clinically apparent bleeding requiring transfusion, any transfusions, and LOS were all lower in patients treated with BIV as compared with patients treated with HEP ± GPI. After PSM, the rate of transfusion was significantly lower with BIV (odds ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.34‐0.96), and the hospital LOS was significantly shorter in patients treated with BIV compared with those treated with HEP ± GPI (0.9 ± 2.0 vs 1.2 ± 2.3 days, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing PCI and treated with prasugrel, the use of BIV rather than HEP ± GPI is associated with significantly lower transfusion rate and LOS. These results suggest that the previously documented safety and cost‐effectiveness benefits of BIV remain applicable when prasugrel is used.
Influence of Surfactants on Dye Removal and Growth of Aspergillus versicolor – an Effective Way to Decolorize Textile Dye
Authors: Gül Ülküye Dudu , Dönmez Gönül 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examined the reactive dye decolorization activities of sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CPC) (cationic) surfactants, and their influence on fungal growth. The effect of CPC on Remazol Blue (RB) bioremoval by Aspergillus versicolor was investigated in low‐cost molasses medium. The optimum pH (3–7) and CPC (0.1–1 mM) concentrations for fungal RB decolorization were achieved in molasses medium with 50 mg/L RB. It was observed that the CPC effectively removed RB due to electrostatic interactions and it was well tolerated by fungus. Maximum decolorization in the presence of CPC occured at pH 6. Increasing the toxic CPC concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mM) decreased fungal growth from 5.08 to 2.87, 1.40, 0.21, and 0.07 mg/L dry biomass, respectively, but enhanced fungal decolorization, respectively (63.2, 78.7, 92, 95.75, and 98.9%). As the augmentation of CPC concentration reduced energy costs by reducing effective decolorization period from 96 to 24 h, surfactant stimulated fungal decolorization method may provide highly efficient, inexpensive, and time‐saving procedure in treatment of textile effluents.
Phase 1b, multicenter, single blinded, placebo‐controlled, sequential dose escalation study to assess the safety and tolerability of topically applied AG013 in subjects with locally advanced head and neck cancer receiving induction chemotherapy
Authors: Limaye Sewanti Atul , Haddad Robert I. , Cilli Fiona , Sonis Stephen T. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Brennan Michael T. , Hu Kenneth S. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDOral mucositis (OM) is a significant toxicity of induction chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC). The safety and tolerability of AG013, an oral rinse containing recombinant Lactococcus lactis secreting mucosal protectant human trefoil factor 1 (hTFF1), was evaluated in a phase 1b study in LAHNC subjects who received induction with cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, with or without docetaxel. Preliminary efficacy data were also obtained.METHODSA total of 25 of 52 LAHNC subjects who were followed during induction cycle 1 developed ulcerative oral mucositis (UOM; World Health Organization grade > 2) and were randomized to AG013:placebo (5:2 ratio) for cycle 2. Dosing schedules of 1, 3, or 6 times daily were evaluated (2 × 1011, 6 × 1011, and 1.2 × 1012 colony forming units per day, respectively). OM was evaluated daily from cycle 2, day 1 through 14, using World Health Organization criteria. Pharmacokinetic assessment was also conducted.RESULTSAG013 bacteria were not detected in blood. Oral live AG013 bacterial and hTFF1 levels in saliva and oral mucosa were equivalent among treatment groups. The most frequently occurring adverse events were nausea, oral pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and mucosal inflammation. Only 12% (3 of 25 adverse events), mainly nausea, were attributed to the investigational medicinal product: AG013 or placebo. Efficacy analysis showed a 35% reduction in percentage of days with UOM in AG013‐subjects versus placebo. All placebo subjects experienced ≥ 2 days of UOM, whereas 29% of AG013 subjects had UOM for 0 or 1 day. AG013 use resulted in fewer unscheduled office and emergency room visits. No differences were noted in mouth and throat soreness, opioid use, or gastrostomy tube placement.CONCLUSIONSAG013 was safe and well tolerated. Preliminary efficacy data support further study. Cancer 2013;119:4268–4276. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic value of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Analysis of 1301 patients from an endemic area in China
Authors: Liu Xu , Li Xing , Jiang Ning , Lei Ying , Tang Ling‐Long , Chen Lei , Zhou Guan‐Qun , Sun Ying , Yue Dan , Guo Rui , Mao Yan‐Ping , Li Wen‐Fei , Liu Li‐Zhi , Tian Li , Lin Ai‐Hua , Ma Jun 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDThe current study investigated the prevalence and prognostic value of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from an area in southern China in which HBV and NPC are endemic.METHODSA total of 1301 patients with nonmetastatic, histologically proven NPC who were treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTSIn this series, 142 of the 1301 patients (10.9%) had chronic HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] seropositive). The percentages of non–cancer‐related deaths (15.0% vs 12.1%; P = .618) and severe hepatic adverse events (3.5% vs 0.9%; P = .145) were similar among patients with NPC with and without HBV infection. The 5‐year overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) rates for patients with NPC with or without HBV infection were 70.9% and 80.8% (P = .003), 63.7% and 73.0% (P = .016), and 81.7% and 88.2% (P = .035), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified chronic HBV infection in patients with NPC as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for OS (hazards ratio [HR], 1.684; P = .003), PFS (HR, 1.451; P = .015), and LRFS (HR, 1.573; P = .048). Further analysis revealed that chronic HBV infection was an unfavorable, independent prognostic factor in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC, but not those with early‐stage disease. In patients with stage III/IV NPC, HBsAg‐positive patients had poorer OS (64.0% vs 77.2%; P = .003), PFS (56.2% vs 70.6%; P = .004), and LRFS (76.2% vs 88.3%; P = .002) compared with HBsAg‐negative patients. On multivariate analysis, chronic HBV infection was found to be an independent adverse prognostic predictor for OS (HR, 1.734; P = .004), PFS (HR, 1.644; P = .003), and LRFS (HR, 2.108; P = .003) in patients with stage III/IV NPC.CONCLUSIONSChronic HBV infection is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. Cancer 2014;120:68–76. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Second nonocular tumors among survivors of retinoblastoma treated with contemporary photon and proton radiotherapy
Authors: Sethi Roshan V. , Shih Helen A. , Yeap Beow Y. , Mouw Kent W. , Petersen Robert , Kim David Y. , Munzenrider John E. , Grabowski Eric , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Yock Torunn I. , Tarbell Nancy J. , Marcus Karen J. , Mukai Shizuo , MacDonald Shannon M. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDThe leading cause of death among patients with hereditary retinoblastoma is second malignancy. Despite its high rate of efficacy, radiotherapy (RT) is often avoided due to fear of inducing a secondary tumor. Proton RT allows for significant sparing of nontarget tissue. The current study compared the risk of second malignancy in patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with photon and proton RT.METHODSA retrospective review was performed of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with proton RT at the Massachusetts General Hospital or photon RT at Boston Children's Hospital between 1986 and 2011.RESULTSA total of 86 patients were identified, 55 of whom received proton RT and 31 of whom received photon RT. Patients were followed for a median of 6.9 years (range, 1.0 years‐24.4 years) in the proton cohort and 13.1 years (range, 1.4 years‐23.9 years) in the photon cohort. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of RT‐induced or in‐field second malignancies was significantly different between radiation modalities (proton vs photon: 0% vs 14%; P = .015). The 10‐year cumulative incidence of all second malignancies was also different, although with borderline significance (5% vs 14%; P = .120).CONCLUSIONSRetinoblastoma is highly responsive to radiation. The central objection to the use of RT, the risk of second malignancy, is based on studies of patients treated with antiquated, relatively nonconformal techniques. The current study is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to present a series of patients treated with the most conformal of the currently available external‐beam RT modalities. Although longer follow‐up is necessary, the preliminary data from the current study suggest that proton RT significantly lowers the risk of RT‐induced malignancy. Cancer 2014;120:126–133. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Tumor suppressor activity and inactivation of galanin receptor type 2 by aberrant promoter methylation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Misawa Yuki , Misawa Kiyoshi , Kanazawa Takeharu , Uehara Takayuki , Endo Shori , Mochizuki Daiki , Yamatodani Takashi , Carey Thomas E. , Mineta Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDThere is accumulating evidence that galanin receptors (GALRs) may be tumor suppressors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Promoter methylation status and gene expression were assessed in a large panel of head and neck primary tumors, based on the hypothesis that cytosine‐guanine dinucleotide (CpG) hypermethylation might silence the galanin receptor 2 (GALR2) gene.METHODSGALR2 expression was examined in a panel of cell lines by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The methylation status of the GALR2 promoter was studied using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (Q‐MSP). UM‐SCC‐1 was stably transfected to express GALR2.RESULTSGALR2 expression was suppressed in UM‐SCC cell lines, whereas nonmalignant cell lines exhibited stable expression. GALR2 methylation found in 31 of 100 (31.0%) tumor specimens was significantly correlated with the methylation status of both GALR1 and Galanin. The observed GALR2 promoter hypermethylation was statistically correlated with a decrease in disease‐free survival (log‐rank test, P = .045). A multivariate logistic‐regression analysis revealed a high odds ratio for recurring methylation of GALR2 and the gene pair GALR2 and Galanin, 8.95 (95% confidence interval, 2.29‐35.03; P = .024) and 9.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.76‐46.50; P = .008), respectively. In addition, exogenous expression of GALR2 suppressed cell proliferation in UM‐SCC‐1 cells with hypermethylated Galanin and GALR2‐proficient cell lines.CONCLUSIONSFrequent promoter hypermethylation in association with prognosis, and growth suppression after re‐expression, supports the hypothesis that GALR2 may act to suppress tumor activity. GALR2 is a potentially significant therapeutic target and prognostic factor for this cancer type. Cancer 2014;120:205–213. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Early postnatal expression and localization of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9 during establishment of rat hippocampal synaptic circuitry
Authors: Aujla Paven K. , Huntley George W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular proteolytic enzymes that contribute to pericellular remodeling in a variety of tissues, including brain, where they function in adult hippocampal synaptic structural and functional plasticity. Synaptic plasticity and remodeling are also important for development of connectivity, but it is unclear whether MMPs—particularly MMP‐2 and ‐9, the major MMPs operative in brain—contribute at these stages. Here, we use a combination of biochemical and anatomical methods to characterize expression and localization of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in early postnatal and adult rat hippocampus. Gene and protein expression of these MMPs were evident throughout hippocampus at all ages examined, but expression levels were highest during the first postnatal week. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 immunolocalized to punctate structures within the neuropil that codistributed with foci of proteolytic activity, as well as with markers of growing axons and synapses. Taken together, discrete foci of MMP proteolysis are likely important for actively shaping and remodeling cellular and connectional architecture as hippocampal circuitry is becoming established during early postnatal life. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1249–1263, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.