bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Psychosocial Competence and Well-Being of Chinese High School Students under the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project in Mainland China
Authors: Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMental health problem is a growing problem in mainland China and the situation has worsened under the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides focusing on tertiary and secondary prevention strategies, there is an urgent need to enhance the well-being of adolescents through primary prevention programs. During the pandemic, a positive youth development program entitled “Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Program” was implemented in schools in mainland China. In 2022/23 academic year, students were invited to write a weekly diary on their experience about the program after completion of the program (N = 2,337). Qualitative evaluation showed that 98.2% of the students perceived the program was beneficial to their well-being in different domains. Specifically, students perceived the program enhanced their sense of community, school and academic adjustment, interpersonal relations (family relations and peer relations), and intrapersonal competence (including optimism, resilience, positive coping with stress, spirituality, life meaning and cherishing one’s life). In conjunction with other quantitative and qualitative evaluation findings, the triangulated findings strongly suggest Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Program is a promising program that enhances the psychosocial competence and quality of life of adolescents.
New Advances in Medical Management of Left Ventricular Assist Devices Recipients
Authors: Racharla Lekha , Sidhu Kiran , Vidula Himabindu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss medical management of patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and to summarize recent advancements, specifically focusing on medications for anticoagulation, blood pressure, and heart failure.Recent FindingsOmission of aspirin in LVAD recipients is not associated with an increased risk of pump thrombosis, stroke, or peripheral arterial thromboembolism. Early data from small studies suggest that direct oral anticoagulants can be safely used in patients with the newer generation HeartMate 3 devices. Data supports a mean arterial blood pressure goal of 75-90 mmHg, with avoidance of hypotension. Finally, retrospective studies demonstrate that quadruple guideline-directed medical therapy can be used in patients on LVAD support without an increased risk of adverse events.SummaryManagement of LVAD patients is complex, requiring ongoing active decision-making for titration of medications. Larger studies of medical management are needed to further reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, right ventricular failure, and increase the potential for myocardial recovery.
Barely alternating real almost chains and extension operators for compact lines
Authors: Avilés Antonio , Korpalski Maciej 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAssume $$\text {MA}(\kappa )$$

MA
(
κ
)

. We show that for every real chain of size $$\kappa $$
κ
in the quotient Boolean algebra $$P(\omega )/fin$$

P
(
ω
)
/
f
i
n

we can find an almost chain of representatives such that every $$n\in \omega $$

n
∈
ω

oscillates at most three times along the almost chain. This is used to show that for every countable discrete extension of a separable compact line K of weight $$\kappa $$
κ
there exists an extension operator $$E:C(K)\longrightarrow C(L)$$

E
:
C
(
K
)
⟶
C
(
L
)

of norm at most three.
Ist der Schockraum noch zeitgemäß?
Authors: Dünser Martin W. , Noitz Matthias , Eisenburger Philip , Klinglmair Michaela , Meier Jens , Behringer Wilhelm 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungKritisch kranke Notfallpatient:innen stellen unterschiedliche Anforderungen an Art und Dauer der Erstversorgung in einer Notfallabteilung. Während jene mit Trauma häufig so schnell wie möglich einer operativen Versorgung zugeführt werden müssen, unterscheiden sich kritisch kranke Patient:innen mit den unterschiedlichsten nicht-traumatologischen Pathologien sowohl in den Anforderungen an die Dringlichkeit der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Versorgung als auch in der Aufenthaltsdauer bis zur möglichen Reversierung der kritischen Erkrankung oder Festlegung Patient:innen-zentrierter Therapieziele.Die Autoren plädieren dafür, in den Notfallabteilungen intensivmedizinische Behandlungsbereiche zu etablieren, die eine optimale Versorgung aller kritisch kranken Notfallpatient:innen (mit oder ohne Trauma) gestatten und die Anpassung der Behandlungsstrategien an die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Patient:innen erlauben. Schockräume bzw. Schockraumbehandlungsplätze zur Versorgung von Notfallpatient:innen, die einer Zeit-fokussierten und multiprofessionellen Erstbehandlung bedürfen (z. B. Schwerverletzte, Patient:innen unter laufender oder Z. n. kardiopulmonaler Reanimation, Patient:innen unter extrakorporaler kardiopulmonaler Reanimation (eCPR)) sollen in diesen Intensivbehandlungsbereichen integriert sein.
An Independent Evaluation of GHGSat Methane Emissions: Performance Assessment
Authors: McLinden C. A. , Griffin Debora , Davis Zoe , Hempel Colin , Smith James , Sioris Christopher , Nassar Ray , Moeini Omid , Legault‐Ouellet Eric , Malo Alain 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn independent evaluation of methane emissions data from GHGSat, a private company that operates a constellation of small microsatellites flying Fabry‐Perot spectrometers operating at 1.6 µm, was performed. Data from multiple GHGSat commercial satellites, consisting of retrieved methane, diagnostics, and, where detected, plume and emissions information from roughly 250 scenes across Canada were analyzed. From these, 10 scenes contained methane plumes with a 2% detection rate for oil and gas scenes, and 10% for landfills. Methane precision was found to be 5%/2% on average for the C1/C2–C5 designs, with some variability due to scene albedo, terrain roughness, and airmass. Synthetic GHGSat plumes, generated using Lagrangian plume dispersion model and GHGSat characteristics, indicates typical detection limits of 240/180 kg/hr(C1/C2–C5), with a best case of roughly 100 kg/hr. Emissions and their uncertainties calculated using an alternative approach were in broad agreement with GHGSat‐reported emissions. Overall, the performance of the GHGSat C2 design (also used for C3 onward) for favorable‐viewing conditions was found to be largely consistent with company‐advertised performance.
Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Budgets of Europe: Trends, Interannual and Spatial Variability, and Their Drivers
Authors: Lauerwald Ronny , Bastos Ana , McGrath Matthew J. , Petrescu Ana Maria Roxana , Ritter François , Andrew Robbie M. , Berchet Antoine , Broquet Grégoire , Brunner Dominik , Chevallier Frédéric , Cescatti Alessandro , Filipek Sara , Fortems‐Cheiney Audrey , Forzieri Giovanni , Friedlingstein Pierre , Fuchs Richard , Gerbig Christoph , Houweling Sander , Ke Piyu , Lerink Bas J. W. , Li Wanjing , Li Wei , Li Xiaojun , Luijkx Ingrid , Monteil Guillaume , Munassar Saqr , Nabuurs Gert‐Jan , Patra Prabir K. , Peylin Philippe , Pongratz Julia , Regnier Pierre , Saunois Marielle , Schelhaas Mart‐Jan , Scholze Marko , Sitch Stephen , Thompson Rona L. , Tian Hanqin , Tsuruta Aki , Wilson Chris , Wigneron Jean‐Pierre , Winkler Karina , Yao Yitong , Zaehle Sönke , Ciais Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the framework of the RECCAP2 initiative, we present the greenhouse gas (GHG) and carbon (C) budget of Europe. For the decade of the 2010s, we present a bottom‐up (BU) estimate of GHG net‐emissions of 3.9 Pg CO2‐eq. yr−1 (using a global warming potential on a 100 years horizon), which are largely dominated by fossil fuel emissions. In this decade, terrestrial ecosystems acted as a net GHG sink of 0.9 Pg CO2‐eq. yr−1, dominated by a CO2 sink that was partially counterbalanced by net emissions of CH4 and N2O. For CH4 and N2O, we find good agreement between BU and top‐down (TD) estimates from atmospheric inversions. However, our BU land CO2 sink is significantly higher than the TD estimates. We further show that decadal averages of GHG net‐emissions have declined by 1.2 Pg CO2‐eq. yr−1 since the 1990s, mainly due to a reduction in fossil fuel emissions. In addition, based on both data driven BU and TD estimates, we also find that the land CO2 sink has weakened over the past two decades. A large part of the European CO2 and C sinks is located in Northern Europe. At the same time, we find a decreasing trend in sink strength in Scandinavia, which can be attributed to an increase in forest management intensity. These are partly offset by increasing CO2 sinks in parts of Eastern Europe and Northern Spain, attributed in part to land use change. Extensive regions of high CH4 and N2O emissions are mainly attributed to agricultural activities and are found in Belgium, the Netherlands and the southern UK. We further analyzed interannual variability in the GHG budgets. The drought year of 2003 shows the highest net‐emissions of CO2 and of all GHGs combined.
Chloromethanes in the North American Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Over the Past Two Decades
Authors: Smith Kate , Atlas Elliot , Apel Eric C. , Blake Donald R. , Dutton Geoff , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Montzka Steve , Mühle Jens , Schauffler Sue , Treadaway Victoria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAircraft observations of the four chloromethanes: carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and chloroform (CHCl3), collected over North America between 2000 and 2022, were used to evaluate their vertical distributions and temporal trends in the atmosphere. We examine the vertical profiles, from the surface to the lower stratosphere (LS), of these increasingly important contributors to ozone‐depleting chlorine in both altitude and potential temperature space. Airborne chloromethane trends were compared with those measured at long‐term, ground‐based monitoring stations. Below 20 km altitude, CCl4 trends were decreasing at all levels studied in the North American atmosphere (−1.1 ppt yr−1). CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 airborne observations were comparable to ground network measurements: CHCl3 increased between 2000 and 2018 and then decreased leading to a negligible trend over the 22 years studied and CH2Cl2 has been increasing at all levels in the troposphere (+2.41 ppt yr−1, 2000–2022, <20 km).
Probability of Firn Aquifer Presence in Antarctica by Combining Remote Sensing and Regional Climate Model Data
Authors: Di Biase V. , Kuipers Munneke P. , Veldhuijsen S. B. M. , de Roda Husman S. , van den Broeke M. R. , Noël B. , Buth L. G. , Wouters B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite in‐situ observations of perennial firn aquifers (PFAs) at specific locations of the Antarctic ice sheet, a comprehensive continent‐wide mapping of PFA distribution is currently lacking. We present an estimate of their distribution across Antarctica in the form of a probability assessment using a Monte Carlo technique. Our approach involves a novel methodology that combines observations from Sentinel‐1 and Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) with output from a regional climate model. To evaluate our method, we conduct an extensive comparison with Operation Ice Bridge observations from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Application to Antarctica reveals high PFA probabilities in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), particularly along its northern, northwestern, and western coastlines, as well as on the Wilkins, Müller, and George VI ice shelves. Outside the AP, PFA probability is low, except for some locations with marginally higher probabilities, such as on the Abbot, Totten, and Shackleton ice shelves.
A Puzzling Quasi‐Periodic Variability in the Tropical Middle Atmosphere
Authors: Koushik N. , Kumar K. Kishore 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation and the Semiannual Oscillation have been identified to be the leading modes of variability in the tropical middle atmosphere. With reanalysis data and independent rocket soundings from a low latitude site, we report the existence of yet another variability in the tropical lower mesosphere which is primarily evident as easterly bursts in zonal winds during the months of May‐July. It occurs with a variable interval of 2–5 yrs in the late 20th century and 7–9 yrs in the early 21st century. These Quasi‐Periodic Easterly Bursts are found to have remote influences on the Antarctic polar vortex as well as residual circulation in the lower mesosphere. We identify a potential causative mechanism for the easterly bursts that involve enhanced cross equatorial advection of momentum as well as gravity wave drag. A close association with Quasi Biennial Oscillation winds is observed, however, cause of the observed periodicity remains elusive.
Cell–cell communication: new insights and clinical implications
Authors: Su Jimeng , Song Ying , Zhu Zhipeng , Huang Xinyue , Fan Jibiao , Qiao Jie , Mao Fengbiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMulticellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth, development, differentiation, tissue and organ formation, maintenance, and physiological regulation. Cells communicate through direct contact or at a distance using ligand–receptor interactions. So cellular communication encompasses two essential processes: cell signal conduction for generation and intercellular transmission of signals, and cell signal transduction for reception and procession of signals. Deciphering intercellular communication networks is critical for understanding cell differentiation, development, and metabolism. First, we comprehensively review the historical milestones in CCC studies, followed by a detailed description of the mechanisms of signal molecule transmission and the importance of the main signaling pathways they mediate in maintaining biological functions. Then we systematically introduce a series of human diseases caused by abnormalities in cell communication and their progress in clinical applications. Finally, we summarize various methods for monitoring cell interactions, including cell imaging, proximity-based chemical labeling, mechanical force analysis, downstream analysis strategies, and single-cell technologies. These methods aim to illustrate how biological functions depend on these interactions and the complexity of their regulatory signaling pathways to regulate crucial physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, cell development, and immune responses in diseases. In addition, this review enhances our understanding of the biological processes that occur after cell–cell binding, highlighting its application in discovering new therapeutic targets and biomarkers related to precision medicine. This collective understanding provides a foundation for developing new targeted drugs and personalized treatments.
Alternative splicing of BAZ1A in colorectal cancer disrupts the DNA damage response and increases chemosensitization
Authors: Mohan Nivedhitha , Johnson Gavin S. , Tovar Perez Jorge Enrique , Dashwood Wan Mohaiza , Rajendran Praveen , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBromodomain Adjacent to Zinc Finger Domain 1A (BAZ1A) is a critical regulator of chromatin remodeling. We sought to clarify the roles of BAZ1A in the etiology of colorectal cancer, including the mechanisms of its alternatively spliced variants. Public databases were examined and revealed high BAZ1A expression in the majority of colorectal cancer patients, which was corroborated in a panel of human colon cancer cell lines. BAZ1A silencing reduced cell viability and increased markers of DNA damage, apoptosis, and senescence, along with the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The corresponding molecular changes resulted in tumor growth inhibition when BAZ1A-knockout cells were implanted into nude mice. In rescue experiments, a short isoform of BAZ1A that was associated with alternative splicing by the DBIRD complex failed to restore DNA repair activity in colon cancer cells and maintained chemosensitivity to phleomycin treatment, unlike the full-length BAZ1A. A working model proposes that a buried domain in the N-terminus of the BAZ1A short isoform lacks the ability to access linker DNA, thereby disrupting the activity of the associated chromatin remodeling complexes. Given the current interest in RNA splicing deregulation and cancer etiology, additional mechanistic studies are warranted with new lead compounds targeting BAZ1A, and other members of the BAZ family, with a view to improved therapeutic interventions.
Male autism spectrum disorder is linked to brain aromatase disruption by prenatal BPA in multimodal investigations and 10HDA ameliorates the related mouse phenotype
Authors: Symeonides Christos , Vacy Kristina , Thomson Sarah , Tanner Sam , Chua Hui Kheng , Dixit Shilpi , Mansell Toby , O’Hely Martin , Novakovic Boris , Herbstman Julie B. , Wang Shuang , Guo Jia , Chia Jessalynn , Tran Nhi Thao , Hwang Sang Eun , Britt Kara , Chen Feng , Kim Tae Hwan , Reid Christopher A. , El-Bitar Anthony , Bernasochi Gabriel B. , Delbridge Lea M. Durham , Harley Vincent R. , Yap Yann W. , Dewey Deborah , Love Chloe J. , Burgner David , Tang Mimi L. K. , Sly Peter D. , Saffery Richard , Mueller Jochen F. , Rinehart Nicole , Tonge Bruce , Vuillermin Peter ,   the BIS Investigator Group, Collier Fiona , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Harrison Leonard C. , Ranganathan Sarath , Gray Lawrence , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Boon Wah Chin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMale sex, early life chemical exposure and the brain aromatase enzyme have been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the Barwon Infant Study birth cohort (n = 1074), higher prenatal maternal bisphenol A (BPA) levels are associated with higher ASD symptoms at age 2 and diagnosis at age 9 only in males with low aromatase genetic pathway activity scores. Higher prenatal BPA levels are predictive of higher cord blood methylation across the CYP19A1 brain promoter I.f region (P = 0.009) and aromatase gene methylation mediates (P = 0.01) the link between higher prenatal BPA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor methylation, with independent cohort replication. BPA suppressed aromatase expression in vitro and in vivo. Male mice exposed to mid-gestation BPA or with aromatase knockout have ASD-like behaviors with structural and functional brain changes. 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10HDA), an estrogenic fatty acid alleviated these features and reversed detrimental neurodevelopmental gene expression. Here we demonstrate that prenatal BPA exposure is associated with impaired brain aromatase function and ASD-related behaviors and brain abnormalities in males that may be reversible through postnatal 10HDA intervention.
Uncovering low-frequency vibrations in surface-enhanced Raman of organic molecules
Authors: Boehmke Amoruso Alexandra , Boto Roberto A. , Elliot Eoin , de Nijs Bart , Esteban Ruben , Földes Tamás , Aguilar-Galindo Fernando , Rosta Edina , Aizpurua Javier , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccessing the terahertz (THz) spectral domain through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is challenging and opens up the study of low-frequency molecular and electronic excitations. Compared to direct THz probing of heterogenous ensembles, the extreme plasmonic confinement of visible light to deep sub-wavelength scales allows the study of hundreds or even single molecules. We show that self-assembled molecular monolayers of a set of simple aromatic thiols confined inside single-particle plasmonic nanocavities can be distinguished by their low-wavenumber spectral peaks below 200 cm−1, after removal of a bosonic inelastic contribution and an exponential background from the spectrum. Developing environment-dependent density-functional-theory simulations of the metal-molecule configuration enables the assignment and classification of their THz vibrations as well as the identification of intermolecular coupling effects and of the influence of the gold surface configuration. Furthermore, we show dramatically narrower THz SERS spectra from individual molecules at picocavities, which indicates the possibility to study intrinsic vibrational properties beyond inhomogeneous broadening, further supporting the key role of local environment.
Coevolution of craton margins and interiors during continental break-up
Authors: Gernon Thomas M. , Hincks Thea K. , Brune Sascha , Braun Jean , Jones Stephen M. , Keir Derek , Cunningham Alice , Glerum Anne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany cratonic continental fragments dispersed during the rifting and break-up of Gondwana are bound by steep topographic landforms known as ‘great escarpments’1–4, which rim elevated plateaus in the craton interior5,6. In terms of formation, escarpments and plateaus are traditionally considered distinct owing to their spatial separation, occasionally spanning more than a thousand kilometres. Here we integrate geological observations, statistical analysis, geodynamic simulations and landscape-evolution models to develop a physical model that mechanistically links both phenomena to continental rifting. Escarpments primarily initiate at rift-border faults and slowly retreat at about 1 km Myr−1 through headward erosion. Simultaneously, rifting generates convective instabilities in the mantle7–10 that migrate cratonward at a faster rate of about 15–20 km Myr−1 along the lithospheric root, progressively removing cratonic keels11, driving isostatic uplift of craton interiors and forming a stable, elevated plateau. This process forces a synchronized wave of denudation, documented in thermochronology studies, which persists for tens of millions of years and migrates across the craton at a comparable or slower pace. We interpret the observed sequence of rifting, escarpment formation and exhumation of craton interiors as an evolving record of geodynamic mantle processes tied to continental break-up, upending the prevailing notion of cratons as geologically stable terrains.
Membrane prewetting by condensates promotes tight-junction belt formation
Authors: Pombo-García Karina , Adame-Arana Omar , Martin-Lemaitre Cecilie , Jülicher Frank , Honigmann Alf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates enable cell compartmentalization by acting as membraneless organelles1. How cells control the interactions of condensates with other cellular structures such as membranes to drive morphological transitions remains poorly understood. We discovered that formation of a tight-junction belt, which is essential for sealing epithelial tissues, is driven by a wetting phenomenon that promotes the growth of a condensed ZO-1 layer2 around the apical membrane interface. Using temporal proximity proteomics in combination with imaging and thermodynamic theory, we found that the polarity protein PATJ mediates a transition of ZO-1 into a condensed surface layer that elongates around the apical interface. In line with the experimental observations, our theory of condensate growth shows that the speed of elongation depends on the binding affinity of ZO-1 to the apical interface and is constant. Here, using PATJ mutations, we show that ZO-1 interface binding is necessary and sufficient for tight-junction belt formation. Our results demonstrate how cells exploit the collective biophysical properties of protein condensates at membrane interfaces to shape mesoscale structures.