bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet effects of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus evaluated by the total thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS)
Authors: Hiraoka Daisuke , Ishizaki Jun , Yamanouchi Jun , Honda Takatsugu , Niiya Toshiyuki , Horimoto Erika , Horie Kenta , Yamasaki Hitoshi , Matsumoto Takuya , Suemori Koichiro , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Takenaka Katsuto 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to reduce thrombotic events in patients with SLE. However, the antiplatelet effects of HCQ are only supported by the platelet aggregation assay, which is a non-physiological test. The total thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS) is a microchip-based flow chamber system that mimics physiological conditions and allows for the quantitative analysis of thrombogenicity. The present study investigated the antiplatelet effects of HCQ using T-TAS.MethodsThis was a single-centre cross-sectional study on 57 patients with SLE. We measured the area under the pressure curve for 10 min (PL-AUC10) and the time to 10 kPa (T10) in patients with SLE using T-TAS and examined their relationships with the use of HCQ. PL-AUC10and platelet aggregation were also measured at several HCQ concentrations using blood samples from healthy donors.ResultsPL-AUC10was significantly lower in the HCQ/real body weight (RBW) ≥5 mg/kg group than in the <5 mg/kg group, while T10was similar, indicating that HCQ inhibited overall thrombus formation rather than the initiation of thrombus formation. The antiplatelet effects of HCQ were initially detected at HCQ/RBW of approximately 4 mg/kg and reached a plateau at around 5.5 mg/kg. The administration of HCQ/RBW >4.6 mg/kg clearly exerted antiplatelet effects. Additionally, HCQ inhibited thrombus formation in T-TAS and the platelet aggregation response to epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the antiplatelet effects of HCQ under conditions simulating the physiological environment by using T-TAS and identified the range of doses at which HCQ exerted antiplatelet effects.
Energy expenditure of international female rugby union players during a major international tournament: a doubly labelled water study
Authors: Wilson Lara , Jones Ben , Backhouse Susan H. , Boyd Andy , Hamby Catherine , Menzies Fraser , Owen Cameron , Ramirez-Lopez Carlos , Roe Stephanie , Samuels Ben , Speakman John R. , Costello Nessan 
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to quantify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of international female rugby union players. Fifteen players were assessed over 14 days throughout an international multi-game tournament, which represented two consecutive one-match microcycles. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and TEE were assessed by indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water, respectively. Physical activity level (PAL) was estimated (TEE:RMR). Mean RMR, TEE, and PAL were 6.60 ± 0.93 MJ·day−1 (1578 ± 223 kcal·day−1), 13.51 ± 2.28 MJ·day−1 (3229 ± 545 kcal·day−1), and 2.0 ± 0.3 AU, respectively. There was no difference in TEE (13.74 ± 2.31 (3284 ± 554 kcal·day−1) vs. 13.92 ± 2.10 MJ·day−1 (3327 ± 502 kcal·day−1); p = 0.754), or PAL (2.06 ± 0.26 AU vs. 2.09 ± 0.23 AU; p = 0.735) across microcycles, despite substantial decreases in training load (total distance: −8088 m, collisions: −20 n, training duration: −252 min). After correcting for body composition, there was no difference in TEE (13.80 ± 1.74 (3298 ± 416 adj. kcal·day−1) vs. 13.16 ± 1.97 (3145 ± 471 adj. kcal·day−1) adj. MJ·day−1, p = 0.190), RMR (6.49 ± 0.81 (1551 ± 194 adj. kcal·day−1) vs. 6.73 ± 0.83 (1609 ± 198 adj. kcal·day−1) adj. MJ·day−1, p = 0.633) or PAL (2.15 ± 0.14 vs. 1.87 ± 0.26 AU, p = 0.090) between forwards and backs. For an injured participant ( n = 1), TEE reduced by 1.7 MJ·day−1 (−401 kcal·day−1) from pre-injury. For participants with illness ( n = 3), TEE was similar to pre-illness (+0.49 MJ·day−1 (+117 kcal·day−1)). The energy requirements of international female rugby players were consistent across one-match microcycles. Forwards and backs had similar adjusted energy requirements. These findings are critical to inform the dietary guidance provided to female rugby players.
Sublethal dosing exposure risk of kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott) to carfentrazone-ethyl
Authors: Sharpe Shaun M. , Novak Teanna 
Published: July 2024

Kochia is a troublesome, multiple herbicide-resistant tumbleweed which infests Prairie field crops. Kochia has developed resistance to systemic, foliar-applied herbicides from groups 2, 4, and 9, leaving only contact herbicides for post-emergence control. Group 14 chemistry is an important mode of action for resistance management. Weed staging considerations are important as recurrent sub-lethal herbicide exposure can increase risk of nontarget site resistance evolution. The study objective was to evaluate loss-of-control and estimate sublethal dosing exposure risk (SLDER) with a contact-type herbicide (carfentrazone-ethyl) based on initial kochia height, leaf number, and branch number. The SLDER from a single application to a single plant was conceptualized to increase due to escaping plant “volume” or immediate flowering. Kochia was only consistently controlled (100% injury) when dosed at ≤5 cm in height. The estimated maximum size for treated kochia was 21 cm in height, 18 branches plant−1, and the maximum accumulated biomass was between 2.6 and 5.1 g plant−1 for models developed using the initial plant height, branch number, or leaf number as predictors. These estimates represent the largest plant escapes, which would be associated with 100% risk through vegetative considerations into SLDER. Kochia plant size for a 5% risk scenario using the SLDER model was 4 cm in height, 0 branches plant−1, and 11 leaves plant−1 when carfentrazone-ethyl was applied at the labeled dosing. Caution is advised when spraying kochia above 5 cm as incorrect staging may lead to sublethal exposure, escape, reproduction, and escalated risk of nontarget site resistance evolution.
Four-gluon vertex in collinear kinematics
Authors: Aguilar A. C. , Ferreira M. N. , Papavassiliou J. , Santos L. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo date, the four-gluon vertex is the least explored component of the QCD Lagrangian, mainly due to the vast proliferation of Lorentz and color structures required for its description. In this work we present a nonperturbative study of this vertex, based on the one-loop dressed Schwinger–Dyson equation obtained from the 4PI effective action. A vast simplification is brought about by resorting to “collinear” kinematics, where all momenta are parallel to each other, and by appealing to the charge conjugation symmetry in order to eliminate certain color structures. Out of the fifteen form factors that comprise the transversely-projected version of this vertex, two are singled out and studied in detail; the one associated with the classical tensorial structure is moderately suppressed in the infrared regime, while the other diverges logarithmically at the origin. Quite interestingly, both form factors display the property known as “planar degeneracy” at a rather high level of accuracy. With these results we construct an effective charge that quantifies the strength of the four-gluon interaction, and compare it with other vertex-derived charges from the gauge sector of QCD.
Notes on wormhole cancellation and factorization
Authors: Cheng Peng , Mao Pujian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn AdS/CFT, partition functions of decoupled CFTs living on separate asymptotic boundaries factorize. However, the presence of bulk wormholes connecting different boundaries tends to spoil the factorization of the bulk partition function, which leads to a disagreement between the two sides. In this paper, we present two examples where wormhole contributions cancel each other in bulk partition function calculations, thus the bulk factorization can be realized. The first example is in 2-dimensional Jackiw–Teitelboim (JT) gravity, where the proposed way of realizing the cancellation resides in the extra complex phases associated with different wormholes. The phases arise due to the degenerate vacua structure. In the example of the Sachdev–Ye–Kitaev (SYK) model, the cancellation can be achieved due to the distribution of the wormhole saddles on a complex plane. The two examples demonstrate a way of realizing bulk partition function factorization by extending the Hilbert space and dressing wormhole saddles with extra phases.
Technological Novelties and Scientific Discoveries with the Borexino Experiment
Authors: Bellini Gianpaolo 
Published: July 2024

The Borexino experiment has developed, in its 32 years of activity, techniques and methods that allow for unprecedented radiopurity levels, which continue to be the current state of the art. These pioneering techniques and methods represent a new standard for ultra-low-background physics, a legacy that Borexino leaves to future experiments studying low-energy neutrinos and searching for rare events with detectors operating deep underground. The Borexino experiment leaves an equally influential scientific legacy with its discoveries and precise measurements of the nuclear processes that cause the Sun and stars to shine. Thanks to its unparalleled low background in the energy window of ∼150 keV to ∼15 MeV, the Borexino experiment also has contributed significantly to the understanding of neutrino oscillations with the observation of the energy-dependent matter to vacuum-dominated flavor conversion probability of solar neutrinos. Along with this textbook-quality body of solar neutrino results, the Borexino experiment has contributed to the study of the Earth's mantle radioactivity with background-free measurements of geoneutrinos. This article presents an overview of the long-lasting Borexino results and of the experimental efforts required to achieve them.
Long-Term Socioeconomic and Mental Health Changes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Women and Men
Authors: Smits Robin L.A. , Heuvelman Fleur , Nieuwenhuijsen Karen , Schober Patrick , Tan Hanno L. , van Valkengoed Irene G.M. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Long-term effects of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) may affect the ability to work and mental health. Our aim was to analyze 5-year changes in socioeconomic and mental health outcomes after OHCA in women and men.

METHODS:
We included 259 women and 996 men from North Holland, the Netherlands, who survived 30 days after OHCA occurred between 2009 and 2015. We assessed changes in employment, income, primary earner status, and anxiety/depression (using medication proxies) from the year before the OHCA to 5 years after with generalized linear mixed models, stratified by sex. We tested differences in changes by sex with interaction terms. Additionally, we explored yearly changes. The 5-year changes after OHCA were compared with changes in a sex- and age-matched sample of people without OHCA. Differences were tested using an interaction term of time and OHCA status.

RESULTS:
In both women and men (median age [Q1, Q3]: 51 [45, 55] and 54 [48, 57] years, respectively), decreases from before OHCA to 5 years thereafter were observed in the proportion employed (from 72.8% to 53.4% [women] and 80.9% to 63.7% [men]) and the median income. No change in primary earner status was observed in either sex. Dispensing of anxiety/depression medication increased only in women, especially after 1 year (odds ratio, 5.68 [95% CI, 2.05–15.74]) and 5 years (odds ratio, 5.73 [95% CI, 1.88–17.53]). Notable differences between women and men were observed for changes in primary earner status and anxiety/depression medication (eg, at year 1, odds ratio for women, 6.71 [95% CI, 1.96–23.01]; and for men, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.33–1.45]). However, except for anxiety/depression medication in women, similar changes were also observed in the general population.

CONCLUSIONS:
OHCA survivors experience changes in employment, income, and primary earner status similar to the general population. However, women who survived OHCA more often received anxiety/depression medication in the years following OHCA.
Higher general intelligence is associated with stable, efficient, and typical dynamic functional brain connectivity patterns
Authors: Ng Justin , Yu Ju-Chi , Feusner Jamie D. , Hawco Colin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
General intelligence, referred to as g, is hypothesized to emerge from the capacity to dynamically and adaptively reorganize macroscale brain connectivity. Temporal reconfiguration can be assessed using dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), which captures the propensity of brain connectivity to transition between a recurring repertoire of distinct states. Conventional dFC metrics commonly focus on categorical state switching frequencies which do not fully assess individual variation in continuous connectivity reconfiguration. Here, we supplement frequency measures by quantifying within-state connectivity consistency, dissimilarity between connectivity across states, and conformity of individual connectivity to group-average state connectivity. We utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the large-scale Human Connectome Project and applied data-driven multivariate Partial Least Squares Correlation to explore emergent associations between dynamic network properties and cognitive ability. Our findings reveal a positive association between g and the stable maintenance of states characterized by distinct connectivity between higher-order networks, efficient reconfiguration (i.e., minimal connectivity changes during transitions between similar states, large connectivity changes between dissimilar states), and ability to sustain connectivity close to group-average state connectivity. This hints at fundamental properties of brain–behavior organization, suggesting that general cognitive processing capacity may be supported by the ability to efficiently reconfigure between stable and population-typical connectivity patterns.
The neurochemistry of learning-driven sensory eye dominance plasticity
Authors: Kam Ka Yee , Chang Dorita H.F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sensory eye dominance (SED) refers to a functional asymmetry of the two eyes that is thought to result from the visual cortex assigning uneven weighting to the two eyes’ data. Dichoptic perceptual training has been shown to improve (reduce) SED in visually normal individuals, with behavioral improvements accompanied by alterations of neural responses in the primary visual cortex. The mechanisms underlying these learning-driven neural changes are not well understood. Here, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we determined how inhibitory mechanisms in the early visual cortex (EVC) govern SED plasticity by measuring γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration changes before and after perceptual training. Fifty normal-sighted observers were trained on a dichoptic or binocular variant of a signal-in-noise (left–right) motion discrimination task. We observed significant shifts in SED following dichoptic (but not binocular) training. Before training, both groups exhibited lower GABA concentrations in the EVC when signals were presented to the dominant eye. Only after dichoptic training, GABA concentrations in the EVC increased during presentations of signals to the dominant eye and decreased during presentations of signals to the non-dominant eye. Our data suggest that dichoptic training drives changes in SED by promoting a rebalancing of interocular inhibition in the EVC.
Processes Controlling the Entrainment and Liquid Water Response to Aerosol Perturbations in Nonprecipitating Stratocumulus Clouds
Authors: Igel Adele L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It has been widely reported that an increase in aerosol concentration in nonprecipitating clouds leads to a decrease in their liquid water path. Here, we examine the physical mechanisms that drive this response in both subtropical and Arctic stratocumulus clouds using large-eddy simulations and mechanism suppression tests. Three processes have been previously identified to contribute to the decrease, namely, the size dependency of evaporation, sedimentation, and radiation and all act to modulate the rate of entrainment of warm, dry air at the boundary layer top. We find that the liquid water path decrease is correlated with the increased entrainment, as expected, but that decrease is enhanced by a reduction in cloud radiative cooling. The reduced cloud radiative cooling can occur even though locally at cloud top, the radiative cooling rates are stronger and helping to enhance entrainment. We find that slower droplet sedimentation contributes to the increased entrainment and decreased liquid water in both cases. Faster evaporation caused directly by smaller, more numerous droplets decreases the liquid water path but does not necessarily increase the entrainment rate. On the other hand, stronger radiative cloud-top cooling caused directly by smaller droplets increases the entrainment as much as slower sedimentation does but does not decrease the liquid water path as much. In general, processes that either directly or indirectly increase radiative cooling at cloud top are more important in the Arctic case and processes that increase the evaporation rate are more important in the subtropical case.
CRISPR-based rapid molecular diagnostic tests for fusion-driven leukemias
Authors: Vedula Rahul S. , Karp Hannah Q. , Koob Jeremy , Lim Felicia , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Winer Eric S. , Luskin Marlise R. , Ghiaur Gabriel , Kim Annette S. , Beppu Lan W. , Sala-Torra Olga , Radich Jerald , Gootenberg Jonathan , Abudayyeh Omar , Zhang Feng , Lindsley R. Coleman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fusion oncogenes can be cancer-defining molecular alterations that are essential for diagnosis and therapy selection.1,2 Rapid and accessible molecular diagnostics for fusion-driven leukemias such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are unavailable, creating a barrier to timely diagnosis and effective targeted therapy in many health care settings, including community hospitals and low-resource environments. We developed CRISPR-based RNA-fusion transcript detection assays using SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) for the diagnosis of fusion-driven leukemias. We validated these assays using diagnostic samples from patients with APL and CML from academic centers and dried blood spots from low-resource environments, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and specificity. We identified assay optimizations to enable the use of these tests outside of tertiary cancer centers and clinical laboratories, enhancing the potential impact of this technology. Rapid point-of-care diagnostics can improve outcomes for patients with cancer by expanding access to therapies for highly treatable diseases that would otherwise lead to serious adverse outcomes due to delayed or missed diagnoses.
Emerging role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in myeloid cell lineage development and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Auberger Patrick , Favreau Cécile , Savy Coline , Jacquel Arnaud , Robert Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhospholipid Hydroperoxide Gluthatione Peroxidase also called Glutathione Peroxidase 4 is one of the 25 described human selenoproteins. It plays an essential role in eliminating toxic lipid hydroxy peroxides, thus inhibiting ferroptosis and favoring cell survival. GPX4 is differentially expressed according to myeloid differentiation stage, exhibiting lower expression in hematopoietic stem cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, while harboring higher level of expression in common myeloid progenitors and monocytes. In addition, GPX4 is highly expressed in most of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells. High GPX4 expression is consistently correlated to poor prognosis in patients suffering AML. However, the role of GPX4 in the development of the myeloid lineage and in the initiation and progression of myeloid leukemia remains poorly explored. Given its essential role in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides, and its overexpression in most of myeloid malignancies, GPX4 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to specifically trigger ferroptosis and eradicate myeloid leukemia cells. In this review, we describe the most recent advances concerning the role of GPX4 and, more generally ferroptosis in the myeloid lineage and in the emergence of AML. We also discuss the therapeutic interest and limitations of GPX4 inhibition alone or in combination with other drugs as innovative therapies to treat AML patients.
Constructing lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks specific to individual cancer patients and finding prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Ren Shulei , Lee Wook , Park Byungkyu , Han Kyungsook 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) mediate a regulatory relation between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) which share similar miRNA response elements (MREs) to bind to the same miRNA. Since the ceRNA hypothesis was proposed, several studies have been conducted to construct a network of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in cancer. However, most cancer-related ceRNA networks are intended for representing a general relation of RNAs in cancer rather than for a patient-specific relation. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions can vary in different patients.

Results
We have developed a new method for constructing a ceRNA network of lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, which is specific to an individual cancer patient and for finding prognostic biomarkers consisting of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets. We tested our method on extensive data sets of three types of cancer (breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer) and obtained potential prognostic lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets for each type of cancer.

Conclusions
Analysis of expression patterns of the RNAs involved in the triplets and survival rates of cancer patients revealed several interesting findings. First, even for the same cancer type, prognostic lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets can be different depending on whether lncRNA and mRNA show opposite or similar expression patterns. Second, prognostic lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplets are often more predictive of survival rates than RNA pairs or individual RNAs. Our approach will be useful for constructing patient-specific lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks and for finding prognostic biomarkers from the networks.