bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new regime of nanoscale thermal transport: Collective diffusion increases dissipation efficiency
Authors: Hoogeboom-Pot Kathleen M. , Hernandez-Charpak Jorge N. , Gu Xiaokun , Frazer Travis D. , Anderson Erik H. , Chao Weilun , Falcone Roger W. , Yang Ronggui , Murnane Margaret M. , Kapteyn Henry C. , Nardi Damiano 
Published: March 2015

Significance
A complete description of nanoscale thermal transport is a fundamental problem that has defied understanding for many decades. Here, we uncover a surprising new regime of nanoscale thermal transport where, counterintuitively, nanoscale heat sources cool more quickly when placed close together than when they are widely separated. This increased cooling efficiency is possible when the separation between nanoscale heat sources is comparable to the average mean free paths of the dominant heat-carrying phonons. This finding suggests new approaches for addressing the significant challenge of thermal management in nanosystems, with design implications for integrated circuits, thermoelectric devices, nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies, and nanoenhanced photovoltaics for improving clean-energy technologies.
DNA-mediated engineering of multicomponent enzyme crystals
Authors: Brodin Jeffrey D. , Auyeung Evelyn , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Due to their unique structures and diverse catalytic functionalities, proteins represent a nearly limitless set of precursors for constructing functional supramolecular materials. However, programming the assembly of even a single protein into ordered superlattices is a difficult task, and a generalizable strategy for coassembling multiple proteins with distinct surface chemistries, or proteins and inorganic nanoparticles, does not currently exist. Here, we use the high-fidelity interactions characteristic of DNA–DNA “bonds” to direct the assembly of two proteins into six unique superlattices composed of either a single protein, multiple proteins, or proteins and gold nanoparticles. Significantly, the DNA-functionalized proteins retain their native catalytic functionalities both in the solution and crystalline states.
Structure of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 nucleoprotein–RNA complex
Authors: Alayyoubi Maher , Leser George P. , Kors Christopher A. , Lamb Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Paramyxoviruses, the cause of many important human and animal diseases, constitute a large family of enveloped negative-stranded RNA viruses including parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). The virion RNA is associated with ∼2,600 protomers of N-protein in the form of a helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) (nucleocapsid). The RNP serves as the template for the viral polymerase in vivo. When expressed, N forms a 13 member N-ring that resembles the building block of the RNP. We have determined the atomic structure of the N-ring from PIV5 with 78 bound RNA residues. Precisely, six nucleotides of RNA are associated with each N protomer. Modeling PIV5-N in an “open conformation” in the ring structure indicates how transcription/replication could occur with minimal changes to the nucleocapsid structure.
Dynamin 2-dependent endocytosis sustains T-cell receptor signaling and drives metabolic reprogramming in T lymphocytes
Authors: Willinger Tim , Staron Matthew , Ferguson Shawn M. , De Camilli Pietro , Flavell Richard A. 
Published: March 2015

SignificanceSignals through the T-cell receptor (TCR) activate T lymphocytes and promote protective immunity. Antigen binding to the TCR triggers both signaling through the receptor and its internalization from the cell surface. Continuous TCR signaling is required for T-lymphocyte proliferation, yet how signaling is maintained for many hours despite TCR internalization is unknown. In this report we show that genetically blocking TCR internalization inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation. TCR internalization was required for sustained signaling and the activation of key pathways that promote T-lymphocyte metabolism. Together these results may have implications for T-lymphocyte–based immunotherapies.
Genomics in rugby union: A review and future prospects
Authors: Heffernan Shane M. , Kilduff Liam P. , Day Stephen H. , Pitsiladis Yannis P. , Williams Alun G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article introduces some aspects of sports genomics in a rugby union context, considers the rugby‐specific genetic data in the published literature and outlines the next research steps required if the potential applications of genetic technology in rugby union, also identified here, are to become possible. A substantial proportion of the inter‐individual variation for many traits related to rugby performance, including strength, short‐term muscle power, VO2 max, injury susceptibility and the likelihood of being an elite athlete is inherited and can be investigated using molecular genetic techniques. In sports genomics, significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop large DNA biobanks of elite athletes for detailed exploration of the heritable bases of those traits. However, little effort has been devoted to the study of rugby athletes, and most of the little research that has focused on rugby was conducted with small cohorts of non‐elite players. With steadily growing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning complex performance traits and the aetiology of injury, investigating sports genomics in the context of rugby is now a viable proposition and a worthwhile endeavour. The RugbyGene project we describe briefly in this article is a multi‐institutional research collaboration in rugby union that will perform molecular genetic analyses of varying complexity. Genetic tests could become useful tools for rugby practitioners in the future and provide complementary and additional information to that provided by the non‐genetic tests currently used.
The Seventeenth Century
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on editions of the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible that were published in the seventeenth century. It begins with an overview of all English Bibles printed by Robert Barker, the king's printer, and his partners, Bonham Norton and John Bill. It then considers the two folios of KJV, printed in 1611, and those published by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. It also assesses the reception of the KJV in the seventeenth century.
The Bible in America
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the history of publication of the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible in America. It first provides a historical overview of America's Bible culture, paying particular attention to developments such as the First and Second Awakenings whose millenarian emphasis was articulated through the language of the KJV, along with the rise of a fundamentalist movement from evangelical Protestantism in the late nineteenth century and the evangelicals' involvement in politics in the late 1970s. It then considers the use of the KJV in either the inaugurations or funerals of various U.S. presidents and concludes by assessing the role of the KJV in American public life.
Alcohol-Specific Coping Styles of Adult Children of Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders and Associations with Psychosocial Functioning
Authors: Drapkin Michelle L. , Eddie David , Buffington Angela J. , McCrady Barbara S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have been conceptualized as a chronic stressor that can lead to deleterious long-term outcomes in children of individuals with AUDs. Yet, while many individuals are detrimentally affected by their parents' problematic alcohol use, and go on to manifest psychological problems, others do not. How individuals cope with the stress of having a parent with an AUD is believed to be an important moderator of this differential outcome. This study assessed whether individuals' alcohol-specific coping styles predicted alcohol use, positive or negative life events, and depression, using a sample of 465 college students, of whom 20% were adult children of individuals with alcohol use disorders, colloquially known as adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs), and a battery of well-validated, self-report measures. Participant ACOAs reported less ‘engaged’ and ‘total’ alcohol-specific coping strategies and more ‘withdrawal’ alcohol-specific coping strategies than their non adult children of alcoholics (NACOAs) counterparts. Across participants, women reported more ‘engaged’, ‘tolerant/inactive’, and ‘total’ coping than men. Although ACOAs reported significantly more negative life events, which predicted more passive coping styles, they did not differ significantly from NACOAs on measures of problematic alcohol use or depression, supporting theories of resilience in ACOAs regardless of their alcohol-specific coping styles. For NACOAs, ‘tolerant’ coping predicted greater depression and alcohol-related problems; ‘engaged’ coping predicted fewer alcohol problems. Results suggest that ACOAs cope differently with problematic alcohol use among relatives and friends compared with NACOAs and are more likely to experience negative life events. Additionally, alcohol-related coping strategies have more predictive utility in NACOAs than ACOAs.
Challenges in the Management of Disseminated Progressive Histoplasmosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Murphy Richard A. , Gounder Lilishia , Manzini Thandekile C. , Ramdial Pratistadevi K. , Castilla Carmen , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The diagnosis of histoplasmosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in southern Africa is complicated by the nonspecific presentation of the disease in this patient group and the unavailability of sensitive diagnostics including antigen assays. Treatment options are also limited due to the unavailability of liposomal amphotericin and itraconazole, and the inability to perform therapeutic drug monitoring further confounds management. We present 3 clinical cases to illustrate the limits of diagnosis and management in the southern African context, and we highlight the need for additional diagnostic tools and treatment options in resource-limited settings.
Superior Recess Access of the Lumbar Facet Joint
Authors: Demir-Deviren Sibel , Singh Sukhminder , Hanelin Joshua 
Published: March 2015

Study Design:
Descriptive approach to accessing the lumbar facet joint by superior recess.

Objective:
This study is aimed to describe an approach to accessing the lumbar facet joint through targeting the superior recess during lumbar facet joint injections.

Summary of Background Data:
Lumbar facet joint injections are routinely performed for both the diagnosis and treatment of chronic low back pain. Previous studies either did not specify which part of the joint to target, or recommended targeting the inferior aspect of the joint to access the inferior recess. One study did mention the superior recess as an alternative to injecting the inferior recess, but none has focused on description of the technique. This is the first time this technique has been described.

Materials and Methods:
The records and fluoroscopic images were reviewed for all patients over a period of 9 months (January–September 2012) using the proposed technique. This resulted in a total of 48 patients; 15 men, 29 women, and a total of 117 facet joint intra-articular injections. Among these 48 patients, injections were repeated in total of 4 cases. The average time of injections among 4 repeat cases was 121 days. The success of the procedure was confirmed with an arthrogram demonstrating contrast flowing from the superior recess inferiorly through the joint space.

Results:
Successful access of the lumbar facet joint through puncture of the superior recess was seen in 114 cases, with 3 unsuccessful attempts to enter facet joints due to osteophytes at involved levels. There were no complications observed during the procedure.

Conclusions:
We find this approach to be highly successful, safe, and well tolerated by the patient and recommend it as a technique for access of the lumbar facet joint in those patients in whom direct puncture of the inferior recess is difficult.
Counting the Cost of Failed Spinal Fusion for Relief of Low Back Pain: Does Primary Fusion With Bone Morphogenetic Protein Make Economic Sense From a Primary Payer Perspective?
Authors: Lloyd Adam P. 
Published: March 2015

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:
To investigate the unknown direct costs of failed instrumented lumbar fusion using iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) and subsequent reoperation utilizing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) from a primary payer perspective.

Summary of Background Data:
Recent evidence has demonstrated increased rates of instrumented lumbar fusion and utilization of rhBMP-2 to treat a range of conditions causing lower back pain. For health care providers with finite financial resources, there is an increasing demand to evaluate economic costs of available treatment modalities. The high cost of rhBMP-2 has often been cited as a leading reason for delaying its universal acceptance as a preferred substitute to ICBG. It has been hypothesized that rhBMP-2 may demonstrate cost-effectiveness if pseudarthrosis and reoperation rates are decreased, thus avoiding subsequent expenditure.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent instrumented lumbar fusions utilizing rhBMP-2. Hospital finance records were used to calculate direct total expenditure incurred by the primary payer for the procedure using rhBMP-2. For patients who received rhBMP-2 in a secondary lumbar fusion, additional total expenditure related to the patients’ failed primary instrumented fusion with ICBG was also sought.

Results:
The mean total costs associated with failed instrumented lumbar fusion using ICBG and reoperation using rhBMP-2 totaled £47,734 per patient. The total direct costs of a policy of primary instrumented lumbar fusion with rhBMP-2 were less at £26,923 per patient; however, this was not significant.

Conclusions:
To date, this is the first study to report the costs of failed primary instrumented lumbar fusions using ICBG and subsequent secondary fusions using rhBMP-2 from a primary payer perspective. On the basis of this evidence, a policy of using rhBMP-2 in all patients undergoing a primary instrumented lumbar fusion cannot be recommended.
A Minimally Invasive, Algorithm-Based Approach for Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery
Authors: Conway Brian D. , Bates Michael J. , Hanfland Robert A. , Yerkes Nicholas S. , Patel Sonali S. , Calcaterra Domenico , Turek Joseph W. 
Published: March 2015

Objective Operative repair for anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) has been described using various innovative techniques. Common to each series is the use of a full sternotomy. As demand for minimally invasive approaches to adult cardiac surgery has increased, the upper hemisternotomy has emerged as a safe and effective technique for aortic valve and root replacement. This report reviews our results and describes the application of an upper hemisternotomy to an algorithm-based surgical approach for AAOCA. Methods From January 2012 to March 2013, the aortic root was approached via a 7-cm skin incision and upper hemisternotomy for all patients undergoing repair of an AAOCA. The type of repair performed was in accordance with a predefined surgical algorithm. The anomalous vessel had a slit-like ostium and followed a supracom-missural intramural course in three patients with symptomatic anomalous right coronary artery. These patients underwent coronary unroofing. In contrast, a patient with an anomalous left coronary artery presented without an intramural segment and underwent vessel translocation and reimplantation. Results All patients underwent AAOCA repair according to our surgical algorithm and via an upper hemisternotomy. The median length of stay was 4 days. All patients had resolution of symptoms, and there were no reported complications at a median follow-up of 16.5 months. Conclusions This series describes a minimally invasive approach to AAOCA repair. When used in conjunction with a defined surgical algorithm, this technique enables a safe and effective repair in all forms of AAOCA without concomitant coronary artery disease.
Outcomes of Repeat Mitral Valve Surgery in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Castillo-Sang Mario , Guthrie Tracey J. , Moon Marc R. , Lawton Jennifer S. , Maniar Hersh S. , Damiano Ralph J. , Silvestry Scott C. 
Published: March 2015

Objective We sought to study the outcomes of redo-mitral valve surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Methods We reviewed data on redo mitral valve surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension measured by Swan-Ganz catheter (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg or systolic pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 40 mm Hg). Results Between 1996 and 2010, 637 patients underwent 658 redo mitral valve operations; 138 of them had pulmonary hypertension. The mean patient age was 61.3 (13.9) years, with mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 47.6% (13.2%). The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 61.5 (16.8) mm Hg, and mean pulmonary artery pressure was 40.8 (11.6) mm Hg. Patients had one (71%, 98/138), two (23.9%, 33/138), and three (5.1%, 7/138) previous mitral valve operations. Thirty-day mortality was 10.1% (14/138). Multivariate predictors of 30-day mortality were chronic renal failure [odds ratio (OR), 8.041; P = 0.022], peripheral vascular disease (OR, 5.976; P = 0.025), previous mitral valve replacement (OR, 9.034; P = 0.014), and increasing age (OR, 1.077; P = 0.013). The severity of pulmonary hypertension did not impact 30-day ( P = 0.314) or late mortality ( P = 0.860). Kaplan-Meier survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 76.6% (n = 99), 65.7% (n = 62), and 55.9% (n = 41), respectively. Conclusions Patients with pulmonary hypertension that undergo redo mitral valve surgery have a 55.9% 5-year survival rate. Increasing age, chronic renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular disease, and preexisting mitral valve prosthesis are associated with early mortality. The severity of pulmonary hypertension does not affect operative mortality rates, but it may decrease 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival.
A Genome-Wide Chronological Study of Gene Expression and Two Histone Modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, during Developmental Leaf Senescence
Authors: Brusslan Judy A. , Bonora Giancarlo , Rus-Canterbury Ana M. , Tariq Fayha , Jaroszewicz Artur , Pellegrini Matteo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The genome-wide abundance of two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9ac (both associated with actively expressed genes), was monitored in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at different time points during developmental senescence along with expression in the form of RNA sequencing data. H3K9ac and H3K4me3 marks were highly convergent at all stages of leaf aging, but H3K4me3 marks covered nearly 2 times the gene area as H3K9ac marks. Genes with the greatest fold change in expression displayed the largest positively correlated percentage change in coverage for both marks. Most senescence up-regulated genes were premarked by H3K4me3 and H3K9ac but at levels below the whole-genome average, and for these genes, gene expression increased without a significant increase in either histone mark. However, for a subset of genes showing increased or decreased expression, the respective gain or loss of H3K4me3 marks was found to closely match the temporal changes in mRNA abundance; 22% of genes that increased expression during senescence showed accompanying changes in H3K4me3 modification, and they include numerous regulatory genes, which may act as primary response genes.
The role of information governance within English clinical governance
Authors: Gillies Alan 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is designed to explore the relationship between information and clinical governance in the English NHS.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is a personal reflection based upon the interim report of the National Information Governance Committee (NIGC) of the Care Quality Commission.

Findings
– The contribution of the NIGC to clinical governance in England has been significant for a number of reasons. Most notably, it has been embedded at the heart of an organisation concerned with the whole spectrum of health and social care, with a role where information is seen predominately as a means to deliver better care rather than an end in itself. The recommendation to establish a specific and mandatory information governance (IG) element of the inspection regime reflects the fact that without validation of the evidence base, the whole inspection regime may be seen as resting on insecure foundations, and provides re-assurance in the integrity of the whole inspection process, well beyond the scope of IG.

Originality/value
– The paper provides an insight into policy making at the heart of clinical governance, and its relationship with IG. It highlights the fact that the work of the NIGC has placed validation of information at the heart of the new CQC inspection regime, providing increased confidence in the information on which the rest of the inspection process is based.
Succession planning in William Jackson Food Group
Authors: Collins Lorna , Murray Barbara , McCracken Ken 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper is a conversation piece which highlights the ways in which succession planning in large company might be handled. The discussion focuses on Christopher Oughtred the former Chairman of William Jackson Food Group, one of the largest family businesses in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents a conversation with a panel of leading family business experts and a family business owner. The paper presents latest thoughts on family business research, insights into a real family business succession project and reflections from a former Chairman on the succession process.

Findings
– Findings highlight possible stages and requirements of a successful transition and succession plan. Also suggestions for areas of further research are presented.

Originality/value
– The conversation recorded in this paper represents a rare opportunity to obtain reflections and insights on a succession process and how it was managed in a large family business. The conversation also highlights the kinds of challenges often experienced by family businesses during transition and succession. As a case study this is an exemplar of how succession might be planned.