bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early growth and postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses
Authors: Perälä Mia-Maria , Kajantie Eero , Valsta Liisa M. , Holst Jens J. , Leiviskä Jaana , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: April 2013

Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that slow prenatal or postnatal growth is associated with an increased risk of CVD and other metabolic diseases. However, little is known whether early growth affects postprandial metabolism and, especially, the appetite regulatory hormone system. Therefore, we investigated the impact of early growth on postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses to two high-protein and two high-fat content meals. Healthy, 65–75-year-old volunteers from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were recruited; twelve with a slow increase in BMI during the first year of life (SGI group) and twelve controls. Subjects ate a test meal (whey meal, casein meal, SFA meal and PUFA meal) once in a random order. Plasma glucose, insulin, TAG, NEFA, ghrelin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and a satiety profile were measured in the fasting state and for 4 h after each test meal. Compared with the controls, the SGI group had about 1·5-fold higher insulin responses after the whey meal (P= 0·037), casein meal (P= 0·023) and PUFA meal (P= 0·002). TAG responses were 34–69 % higher for the SGI group, but only the PUFA-meal responses differed significantly between the groups. The PYY response of the SGI group was 44 % higher after the whey meal (P= 0·046) and 115 % higher after the casein meal (P= 0·025) compared with the controls. No other statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. In conclusion, early growth may have a role in programming appetite regulatory hormone secretion in later life. Slow early growth is also associated with higher postprandial insulin and TAG responses but not with incretin levels.
Calcium supplements and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Bristow Sarah M. , Bolland Mark J. , MacLennan Graeme S. , Avenell Alison , Grey Andrew , Gamble Greg D. , Reid Ian R. 
Published: April 2013

Some evidence suggests that Ca and vitamin D supplements affect cancer risk; however, it is uncertain whether the effects are due to Ca, vitamin D or the combination. We investigated the effect of Ca supplements without co-administered vitamin D on cancer risk. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of meta-analyses and two clinical trial registries were searched for randomised, placebo-controlled trials of Ca supplements ( ≥ 500 mg/d), with ≥ 100 participants and duration >1 year. The lead authors of eligible trials supplied data on cancer outcomes. Trial-level data were analysed using random-effects meta-analyses and patient-level data using Cox proportional hazards models. A total of sixteen trials were eligible, six had no data available, ten provided trial-level data (n10 496, mean duration 3·9 years), and of these, four provided patient-level data (n7221, median duration 3·5 years). In the meta-analysis of trial-level data, allocation to Ca did not alter the risk of total cancer (relative risk 0·95, 95 % CI 0·76, 1·18,P= 0·63), colorectal cancer (relative risk 1·38, 95 % CI 0·89, 2·15,P= 0·15), breast cancer (relative risk 1·01, 95 % CI 0·64, 1·59,P= 0·97) or cancer-related mortality (relative risk 0·96, 95 % CI 0·74, 1·24,P= 0·75), but reduced the risk of prostate cancer (relative risk 0·54, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·96,P= 0·03), although there were few events. The meta-analysis of patient-level data showed similar results, with no effect of Ca on the risk of total cancer (hazard ratio 1·07, 95 % CI 0·89, 1·28,P= 0·50). Ca supplements without co-administered vitamin D did not alter total cancer risk over 4 years, although the meta-analysis lacked power to detect very small effects, or those with a longer latency.
Dietary and lifestyle quality indices with/without physical activity and markers of insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA study
Authors: Jiménez-Pavón David , Sesé Maria A. , Huybrechts Inge , Cuenca-García Magdalena , Palacios Gonzalo , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Breidenassel Christina , Leclercq Catherine , Beghin Laurent , Plada Maria , Manios Yannis , Androutsos Odysseas , Dallongeville Jean , Kafatos Anthony , Widhalm Kurt , Molnar Dénes , Moreno Luis A. 
Published: April 2013

Emerging data indicate that higher levels of insulin resistance (IR) are common among children and adolescents and are related to cardiometabolic risk; therefore, IR requires consideration early in life. In addition, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the role of dietary nutrients on IR. The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS) was conducted in European adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years. A total of 637 participants with valid homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index data and who completed at least a 2 d 24 h dietary recall were included in the study (60 % of the total HELENA-CSS sample). There were two dietary indices calculated, with the only difference between them being the inclusion or not of physical activity (PA). Markers of IR such as HOMA and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. Pubertal status, BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were measured as potential confounders. The dietary index including PA was inversely associated with HOMA and directly with the QUICKI in females, but not in males, after adjusting for pubertal status, centre, BMI and CRF. In conclusion, the present study indicates that considering PA as part of the dietary index is of relevance as the resulted index is inversely related to IR independently of potential confounders including CRF. Overall, these findings suggest that intervention studies aimed at preventing IR in young people should focus on increasing the quality of the diet and also on including an optimal PA level in healthy adolescents.
Risk factors for domestic infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata in Chiquimula, Guatemala
Authors: Weeks E. N. I. , Cordón-Rosales C. , Davies C. , Gezan S. , Yeo M. , Cameron M. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn Guatemala prior to control initiatives, the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, were Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata. This study conducted in 2006 in the department of Chiquimula recorded a high level of T. dimidiata infestation and an absence of R. prolixus in all surveyed communities. In Guatemala, the presence of T. dimidiata as domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic populations results in control difficulties as houses are re-infested from the surrounding environment. Entomological surveys, the current method used to select houses in need of control efforts, are labour intensive and time consuming. A time- and cost-effective way to prioritize houses for evaluation and subsequent treatment is the stratification of houses based on the risk of triatomine infestation. In the present study, 17 anthropogenic risk factors were evaluated for associations with house infestation of T. dimidiata including: wall, floor and roof type. There was an increased likelihood of domestic infestation with T. dimidiata associated with the presence of dirt floors (18/29; OR 8.075, 95% CI 2.13–30.6), uncoated bajareque walls (12/17; OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.35–17.1) and triatomine-like faeces on walls (16/26; OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.19–12.7). These factors could be used to target control of T. dimidiata to communities with an increased risk of being infested.
Drug-specific laterality effects on frontal lobe activation of atomoxetine and methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys during working memory
Authors: Cubillo A. , Smith A. B. , Barrett N. , Giampietro V. , Brammer M. , Simmons A. , Rubia K. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe catecholamine reuptake inhibitors methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are the most common treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the neurofunctional modulation and normalization effects of acute doses of MPH and ATX within medication-naive ADHD boys during working memory (WM).MethodA total of 20 medication-naive ADHD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric WM n-back task three times, under a single clinical dose of either MPH, ATX or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. To test for normalization effects, brain activations in ADHD under each drug condition were compared with that of 20 age-matched healthy control boys.ResultsRelative to healthy boys, ADHD boys under placebo showed impaired performance only under high WM load together with significant underactivation in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Both drugs normalized the performance deficits relative to controls. ATX significantly enhanced right DLPFC activation relative to MPH within patients, and significantly normalized its underactivation relative to controls. MPH, by contrast, both relative to placebo and ATX, as well as relative to controls, upregulated the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), but only during 2-back. Both drugs enhanced fronto-temporo-striatal activation in ADHD relative to control boys and deactivated the default-mode network, which were negatively associated with the reduced DLPFC activation and performance deficits, suggesting compensation effects.ConclusionsThe study shows both shared and drug-specific effects. ATX upregulated and normalized right DLPFC underactivation, while MPH upregulated left IFC activation, suggesting drug-specific laterality effects on prefrontal regions mediating WM.
FORM AND TRANSFORMATION IN THE ‘NOCTURNE’ FROM BRITTEN'S ‘SERENADE FOR TENOR, HORN AND STRINGS’
Authors: Baker Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe ‘Nocturne’ from Benjamin Britten'sSerenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings(1943) presents a number of interesting melodic and motivic features effectively modelled by aspects of diatonic transformational theories. Following a brief review of important transformational operations in diatonic set theory (transposition within Mod-7 diatonic space, diatonic interval cycles, and ‘signature transformation’), this article presents an analysis of the ‘Nocturne’ drawing upon both traditional and recent developments in diatonic transformational theory. Doing so illustrates an intricate compositional technique, one that traces motivic associations in the vocal line, the horn part and the accompanying strings. A close reading reveals that these motivic techniques stem from the generic concept of echoing and reverberation at the heart of Tennyson's poem.
IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF BACH'S ST. MATTHEW PASSION: THE PASSION SETTINGS OF DAVID LANG AND JAMES MACMILLAN
Authors: Wells Dominic 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn 2007, two high-profile musical responses to the Christian Passion narrative were written: the little match girl passion, by American composer David Lang, and Scottish composer James MacMillan's St John Passion. A devout Catholic, MacMillan's faith has influenced almost every work he has written to date, and a passion setting therefore seemed inevitable. Lang, on the other hand, has Jewish roots, and is relatively secular in his choice of extra-musical themes in his works: even when using sacred texts, he usually sets them in a secular context. Unsurprisingly, MacMillan's and Lang's contrasting approaches towards the Christian Passion resulted in fundamentally different works, yet both composers cite Bach as a key inspiration in their settings. This study examines the extent to which the influence of Bach's St Matthew Passion, in particular, is present in this pair of 21st-century passions, with regard to both their music and their theology.
Contextual effects on the conversations of mothers and their children with language impairment
Authors: STICH MELANIE , GIROLAMETTO LUIGI , JOHNSON CARLA J. , CLEAVE PATRICIA L. , CHEN XI 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTwenty-four mothers and their preschool children with language impairment participated in two 12-min sessions of toy play and book reading that were transcribed to yield maternal mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLU-m), type token ratio (TTR), and maternal interaction style (directive vs. responsive). Maternal MLU-m was significantly longer during book reading than during toy play, whereas TTR was similar across contexts. In contrast, children's MLU-m was similar across contexts, whereas TTR was higher during book reading. Mothers used an eliciting style characterized by more commands and questions during toy play than during book reading. Only maternal MLU-m predicted children's expressive language skills (i.e., a composite score of two standardized language tests). The implications include sampling both book reading and play interactions because they provide differential opportunities for conversation and language productivity.
Model-driven development of multiagent systems: a survey and evaluation
Authors: Kardas Geylani 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo work in a higher abstraction level is of critical importance for the development of multiagent systems (MAS) since it is almost impossible to observe code-level details of such systems due to their internal complexity, distributedness and openness. As one of the promising software development approaches, model-driven development (MDD) aims to change the focus of software development from code to models. This paradigm shift, introduced by the MDD, may also provide the desired abstraction level during the development of MASs. For this reason, MDD of autonomous agents and MASs has been recognized and become one of the research topics in agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) area. Contributions are mainly based on the model-driven architecture (MDA), which is the most famous and in-use realization of MDD. Within this direction, AOSE researchers define MAS metamodels in various abstraction levels and apply model transformations between the instances of these metamodels in order to provide rapid and efficient implementation of the MASs in various platforms. Reorganization of the existing MAS development methodologies to support model-driven agent development is another emerging research track. In this paper, we give a state of the art survey on above mentioned model-driven MAS development research activities and evaluate the introduced approaches according to five quality criteria we define on model-driven MAS engineering: (1) definition of a platform independent MAS metamodel, (2) model-to-model transformability, (3) model-to-code transformability, (4) support for multiple MAS platforms and finally (5) tool support for software modeling and code generation. Our evaluation has shown that the researchers contributed to the area by providing MDD processes in which design of the MASs are realized at a very high abstraction level and the software for these MASs are developed as a result of the application of a series of model transformations. However, most of the approaches are incapable of supporting multiple MAS environments due to the restricted specifications of their metamodels and model transformations. Also efficiency and practicability of the proposed methodologies are under debate since the amount and quality of the executable MAS components, gained automatically, appear to be not sufficient.
Peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte/monocyte ratio recovery during ABVD treatment cycles predicts clinical outcomes in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Porrata L F , Ristow K M , Habermann T M , Macon W R , Witzig T E , Colgan J P , Inwards D J , Ansell S M , Micallef I N , Johnston P B , Nowakowski G , Thompson C A , Markovic S N 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte/monocyte count ratio at diagnosis (ALC/AMC-DX) predicts survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). However, a limitation of the ALC/AMC-DX is the inability to assess sequentially the host/tumor interaction during treatment. Therefore, weretrospectively examinedthe ALC/AMC ratio, as a surrogate marker of host immunity (ALC) and tumor microenvironment (AMC), at each adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine treatment cycle as a predictor for clinical outcomes. From 1990 until 2008, 190 cHL patients were diagnosed, treated and followed at Mayo Clinic Rochester and qualified for the study. The ALC/AMC ratio at each treatment cycle was a predictor for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). An ALC/AMC ratio ⩾1.1 versus ALC/AMC <1.1 during treatment cycles was an independent predictor for OS (hazard ratio (HR)=0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.40;P<0.0002) and for PFS (HR=0.19; 95% CI: 0.05–0.82;P<0.03). The ALC/AMC ratio during treatment cycles is a predictor for survival and provides a platform to develop therapeutic modalities to manipulate the ALC/AMC ratio during chemotherapy to improve clinical outcomes in cHL.
Induced cell toxicity originates dendritic cell death following magnetic hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Asín L , Goya G F , Tres A , Ibarra M R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMagnetic hyperthermia (MH) is based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to selectively increase the temperature of MNP-loaded target tissues when applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in the range of radiofrequency. To date, all MH research has focused on heat generation in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms for the death of MNP-loaded cells submitted to AMF. However, recent in vitro studies have demonstrated the feasibility of inducing dramatic cell death without increasing the macroscopic temperature during AMF exposure. Here, we show that the cell death observed following AMF exposure, specifically that of MNP-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) in culture, was caused by the release of toxic agents into the cell culture supernatants and not due to a macroscopic temperature increase. We performed MH in vitro experiments to demonstrate that the supernatant of the cell culture following AMF exposure was highly toxic when added to control unloaded DCs, as this treatment led to nearly 100% cell death. Therefore, our results demonstrate that heat is not the only agent responsible for triggering cell death following MH treatment. This finding offers new perspectives for the use of DCs as the proverbial Trojan horse to vectorise MNPs to the target tumour area and these results further support the use of DCs as therapeutic agents against cancer when submitted to AMF. Furthermore, this discovery may help in understanding the mechanism of cell death mediated by exposure to AMF.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF ISRAEL. VI. STIPAGROSTIS DRARII AND AMBROSIA CONFERTIFLORA AND TENUIFOLIA, NEW RECORDS FROM ISRAEL
Authors: Danin Avinoam 
Published: April 2013

Stipagrostis drarii, found recently in sandy soils of the Arava Valley, is typical component of sandy soils in extreme desert areas. It is adapted to sand mobility by having the ability to overcome up to 50 cm of sand-cover by producing new shoots from the axillary buds of the leafy culm and adventive roots from nodes close to the new soil surface.Two species ofAmbrosiawhich seem to be relatively new introductions to the flora of Israel are recorded here for the first time. It is not clear if these colonizing species will become established. However, judging from their way of dispersal by many small diaspores and efficient vegetative propagation they are potentially noxious weeds.
IN MEMORIAM—MICHAEL EVENARI AND HIS DESERT SEED DISPERSAL AND GERMINATION STRATEGIES OF SPERGULAR DIANDRA COMPARED WITH SOME OTHER DESERT ANNUAL PLANTS INHABITING THE NEGEV DESERT OF ISRAEL
Authors: Gutterman Yitzchak 
Published: April 2013

The late Professor Michael Evenari was a leader and agreat scientist with a very wide view and varied interests. Throughout the 26 years that I studied desert plants with Professor Evenari in the deserts of Israel and the Sinai Peninsula, he liked to summarize the seasonal field observations of seedling emergence with the words, “this particular year is a very special year.”
What are the reasons for such species' diversity, and what are the survival strategies of desert annuals'? Some species are common and others emerge only once in several years under unpredictable seasonal precipitation and massive seed consumption by ants. Escape dispersal strategies after maturation of the tiny, long-living seeds, and partial “opportunistic” germination strategies after only 10 mm of rain, are found in some common annuals such as Schismus arabicus and Spergularia diandra. Day lengthing seed maturation, and light and temperatures during seed wetting and germination, also affect their germinability. In S. diandra, nine types of seeds have been found (3 genotypes and 3 color phenotypes), which differ in coat structure, color, and germinability, and in Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum a position effect was found (3 groups of seeds in a capsule). The more opportunities for a small portion of seeds from the seed bank to germinate after several rainfalls, the greater the chances to germinate at suitable rain distribution. This enables these plants to develop and produce large numbers of seeds, even after a number of small rainfalls.
FLOWER AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE XEROPHYTE OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA
Authors: Gutterman Yitzchak 
Published: April 2013

The developmental stages of the flower bud ofOpuntia ficus-indica(prickly pear), from the initial active meristem of the axillary flower bud to the mature fruit, including pollination and seed development, are followed.This xerophyte develops flower buds mainly from the axillary buds on the margin of the apical part of the terminal segment of the flat, leafless branch (platiclades). Flower bud meristems start to be active and secrete mucus in January. The red-bracted flower buds start to appear in March/April, flowers open during May/June, and fruit matures during June/August. The developmental stages were divided into 11 stages, and some were photographed by SEM.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUCILAGINOUS SEED COATS OF PLANTAGO CORONOPUS INHABITING THE NEGEV DESERT OF ISRAEL
Authors: Gutterman Yitzchak , Shem-Tov Shachar 
Published: April 2013

Plantago coronopus var. crassipes is a common annual plant in many areas of the Negev Desert highlands.
The dry seed coat cross section and surface structure of P. coronopus seeds before the first wetting were examined by SEM, as were the freeze-dried mucilage and adhesion of the seeds to the soil crust. When wetted, the mucilaginous layer forms, and seeds on the soil surface adhere to the soil crust. Some P. coronopus mucilaginous seeds may be dispersed by rain, even after less then 10 min of wetting. The dry seeds can float on run-on water for 10–44 min and are then dispersed along runnels into depressions, or adhere within a few minutes to the wet soil crust near the dry mother plant. Seeds matured on dry plants in a natural habitat in spring 1995, germinated in December 1995 to 96% after 72 h at 20 °C in light, but only to 2% in dark.
The importance of mucilaginous seeds for the survival of the plant species under desert conditions is discussed.