bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viable Applications of Sensor‐Based Sorting for the Processing of Mineral Resources
Authors: Knapp Henning , Neubert Kilian , Schropp Christian , Wotruba Hermann 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe current development in the primary raw materials sector shows that the mining industry has to face a situation of declining ore grades and increasingly complicated ore types. To efficiently and sustainably exploit and process such ores, new innovative approaches are required. Sensor‐based sorting is one feasible option to address these challenges. The following article describes the general principles and uses of sensor‐based sorting. In addition, this paper gives examples of current research activities and depicts the practical potential of sensor‐based sorting in the minerals industry.
Performance Research on a Methane Compact Reformer Integrated with Catalytic Combustion
Authors: Irankhah Abdullah , Rahimi Mehri , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA multichannel reformer integrated with catalytic combustion was investigated for methane steam reforming to produce hydrogen. In this system, the main portion of the required heat was supplied by methane oxidation in the catalytic combustor located on two sides of the reformer. In the compact multichannel reactor, the methane conversion rate is high enough compared to the equilibrium values at different temperatures. The performance of the multichannel reformer was investigated under various operating conditions, such as the reformer temperature and the feed stream ratios in both the reformer and the catalytic combustor. The best feed flow rate ratio of reforming to combustion ranged from 1.3 to 1.5, with > 95 % methane conversion. It is anticipated that this multichannel reformer can generate enough hydrogen for a 30‐W fuel cell system, due to its small volume.
Optimization of Rhizopus niveus Lipase Partitioning by an Aqueous Biphasic System
Authors: Aradhana Dayal , Sreeja Harihara Puthran , Sharmila Govindasamy , Muthukumaran Chandrasekaran 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn unconventional aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium carbonate was developed and optimized by employing response surface methodology for separation of Rhizopus niveus lipase. A five‐level central composite design was applied to evaluate the optimal level of three process variables in order to obtain maximum lipase separation. Experimental data were analyzed by regression and a polynomial model was created which was found significant. The maximum partition coefficient was achieved with the system PEG 4000/sodium carbonate. Validation experiments confirmed the high accordance of predicted and experimental results. The optimized ATPS can be applied as a suitable cost‐effective system for lipase extraction.
Low rates of adjuvant radiation in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer with high‐risk pathologic features
Authors: Kalbasi Anusha , Swisher‐McClure Samuel , Mitra Nandita , Sunderland Robert , Smaldone Marc C. , Uzzo Robert G. , Bekelman Justin E. 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDThe 2013 American Urological Association/American Society for Radiation Oncology consensus guidelines recommend offering adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after radical prostatectomy in patients with high‐risk pathologic features for recurrence. In the current study, the authors examined practice patterns of adjuvant RT use in patients with elevated pathologic risk factors over a time period spanning the publication of supporting randomized evidence.METHODSUsing the National Cancer Data Base, a total of 130,681 patients were identified who underwent surgical resection for prostate cancer between 2004 and 2011 with at least 1 of the following pathologic risk factors for early biochemical failure: pT3a disease or higher, positive surgical margins and/or lymph node‐positive disease. Using multivariable logistic regression, the authors examined factors associated with adjuvant RT use including patient, clinical, demographic, and temporal characteristics.RESULTSAdjuvant RT was administered to 9.9% of the patients with at least 1 pathologic risk factor. Use of adjuvant RT did not change over the study period (P = .23). On multivariable analysis, we found that patients treated at high‐volume surgical facilities were less likely to receive adjuvant RT (15.9% vs 7.8%; odds ratio, 0.58 [95% confidence interval, 0.50‐0.65]; P < .0001). Older age, comorbidities, black race, lower income, and lower population density were also associated with lower rates of adjuvant RT.CONCLUSIONSUse of adjuvant RT is uncommon and remained unchanged between 2004 and 2011. Patients treated at high‐volume surgical facilities are less likely to receive adjuvant RT, irrespective of margin status. Cancer 2014;120:3089–3096. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Development of Measures to Assess Personal Recovery in Young People Treated in Specialist Mental Health Services
Authors: John Mary , Jeffries Fiona W. , Acuna‐Rivera Marcela , Warren Fiona , Simonds Laura M. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundRecovery has become a central concept in mental health service delivery, and several recovery‐focused measures exist for adults. The concept's applicability to young people's mental health experience has been neglected, and no measures yet exist.AimThe aim of this work is to develop measures of recovery for use in specialist child and adolescent mental health services.MethodOn the basis of 21 semi‐structured interviews, three recovery measures were devised, one for completion by the young person and two for completion by the parent/carer. Two parent/carer measures were devised in order to assess both their perspective on their child's recovery and their own recovery process. The questionnaires were administered to a UK sample of 47 young people (10–18 years old) with anxiety and depression and their parents, along with a measure used to routinely assess treatment progress and outcome and a measure of self‐esteem.ResultsAll three measures had high internal consistency (alpha ≥ 0.89). Young people's recovery scores were correlated negatively with scores on a measure used to routinely assess treatment progress and outcome (r = −0.75) and positively with self‐esteem (r = 0.84). Parent and young persons' reports of the young person's recovery were positively correlated (r = 0.61). Parent report of the young person's recovery and of their own recovery process were positively correlated (r = 0.75).ConclusionThe three measures have the potential to be used in mental health services to assess recovery processes in young people with mental health difficulties and correspondence with symptomatic improvement. The measures provide a novel way of capturing the parental/caregiver perspective on recovery and caregivers' own wellbeing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

No tools exist to evaluate recovery‐relevant processes in young people treated in specialist mental health services.
This study reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of three self‐report recovery‐relevant assessments for young people and their caregivers.
Findings indicate a high degree of correspondence between young person and caregiver reports of recovery in the former.
The recovery assessments correlate inversely with a standardized symptom‐focused measure and positively with self‐esteem.
Parental potentiation of vocalization as a marker for filial bonds in infant animals
Authors: Shair Harry N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMaternal and paternal potentiation of vocalization are two parts of a promising model of early life social bonds that has been and can be a useful tool in research. Most mammalian infants vocalize when isolated. Interactions with adult females just before isolation have been found to increase vocalizations in several species. Interactions with littermates and other social stimuli do not. In guinea pigs and pigs, the response is specific to the dam. In rats and octagon degus, an unrelated adult female from the colony is sufficient. The presence of an intact adult male in the test chamber with dam‐reared pups evokes behavioral inhibition, a fear response. Previous exposure to the male in the home cage, biparental rearing, dramatically transforms the response of the pup. The pup treats the adult male as it does its dam, including potentiation of vocalization during a subsequent isolation. This article outlines the methods, advantages, and disadvantages of parental potentiation as a research tool, as well as a brief review of the evidence supporting its use as a marker for filial attachment. Future research directions are outlined. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1689–1697, 2014.
Generation and characterization of Neurod1‐CreERT2 mouse lines for the study of embryonic and adult neurogenesis
Authors: Aprea Julieta , Nonaka‐Kinoshita Miki , Calegari Federico 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYNeurod1 is a transcription factor involved in several developmental programs of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, neurosensory, and central nervous system. In the brain, Neurod1 has been shown to be essential for neurogenesis as well as migration, maturation, and survival of newborn neurons during development and adulthood. Interestingly, Neurod1 expression is maintained in a subset of fully mature neurons where its function remains unclear. To study the role of Neurod1, systems are required that allow the temporal and spatial genetic manipulation of Neurod1‐expressing cells. To this aim, we have generated four Neurod1‐CreERT2 mouse lines in which CreERT2 expression, although at different levels, is restricted within areas of physiological Neurod1 expression and Neurod1 positive cells. In particular, the different levels of CreERT2 expression in different mouse lines offers the opportunity to select the one that is more suited for a given experimental approach. Hence, our Neurod1‐CreERT2 lines provide valuable new tools for the manipulation of newborn neurons during development and adulthood as well as for studying the subpopulation of mature neurons that retain Neurod1 expression throughout life. In this context, we here report that Neurod1 is not only expressed in immature newborn neurons of the adult hippocampus, as already described, but also in fully mature granule cells of the dentate gyrus. genesis 52:870–878, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of Dissemination of Residential PV Systems in Japan
Authors: Endo Eiichi 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper focuses on residential photovoltaic systems in Japan. It projects the installation and installed capacity of residential photovoltaic systems by analyzing the correlation between their payback period and annual installation in new and existing homes. Exponential and hyperbolic curves are used for correlation analysis. However, the exponential curve gives a better fit than the hyperbolic one. PV installation in new houses shows a stronger correlation with the payback period than with existing houses. For the installation projections, target and delayed scenarios are assumed. In the target scenario, the target price is achieved as planned. However, it is achieved later in the delayed scenario. Ongoing subsidies and feed‐in tariffs are also assumed. Based on the results of the analysis, the target cumulative installation and installed capacity are achieved in the target scenario. They are not significantly affected even without subsidies and feed‐in tariffs. But they are reduced by almost half in the delayed scenario compared with the target scenario. This means that systemic price reductions resulting from research and development as well as mass production are more effective than ongoing dissemination promotion programs. To achieve the target capacity, not only cost reductions but also conversion efficiency improvements through research and development are indispensable.
Robust Stabilization Control for an Electric Bicycle
Authors: Kawamura Takuro , Murakami Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYRecently, bicycles have gained immense popularity because they have high mobility and are an environmentally friendly means of transport. However, many people tend to avoid riding a bicycle because it is unstable. In order to solve this problem, stabilization control for a bicycle has been investigated. The aim of this study is to improve the robustness of stabilization control. To achieve this goal, control systems that use a camber angle disturbance observer (CADO) are proposed. Two kinds of CADO are proposed in this paper, and the performance of these two observers is compared. The proposed control systems provide higher robustness than does the conventional method. The validity of the proposed methods is confirmed based on the experimental results.
System Reduction of Power System with Penetration of Photovoltaic Generations
Authors: Chinuki Tomoyuki , Taniguchi Haruhito , Nakajima Tatsuhito , Ota Yutaka , Suzuki Hirokazu 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel system reduction method which makes it possible to consider the impact of photovoltaic (PV) penetration on transient stability precisely. The object system for system reduction can be aggregated into a simple equivalent circuit by using the proposed method. The equivalent circuit consists of a lumped load model, a lumped PV model, and three equivalent impedances. Using the equivalent circuit, power flow into the object system when the system voltage changes can be analyzed without repeated power flow calculation of the original system. In order to verify the proposed method, this paper presents a numerical example of transient stability analysis with a one‐generator‐to‐infinite‐bus system model. The results of analysis indicate that transient stability considering PV penetration can be analyzed with high accuracy with the proposed method.
Direct Fluoroalkylation of Indoles with Fluoroalkyl Halides Mediated by Copper
Authors: He Ru‐Yi , Zeng Hui‐Ting , Huang Jing‐Mei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn efficient and mild copper‐mediated reaction for the direct perfluoroalkylation and difluoromethylation of indoles with perfluoroalkyl halides and ICF2COOEt to produce 2‐substituted indoles was developed. Both free indole derivatives and N‐substituted indole derivatives could be used in this process to obtain the desired products in moderate to good yields.
Elective neck irradiation versus observation in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus with N0 neck: A meta‐analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Sara , Horowitz Gilad , Abergel Avraham , Yehuda Moshe , Gutfeld Orit , Carmel Narin‐Nard , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundElective neck irradiation of a clinical node‐negative (N0) neck in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary sinus is a controversial issue.MethodsA systematic review of electronic databases and a meta‐analysis were conducted to clarify the role of elective neck irradiation in patients with SCC of the maxillary sinus and clinical N0 neck. Regional (neck) nodal recurrence was chosen as the primary endpoint.ResultsFour retrospective studies with a total of 129 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that elective neck irradiation reduced the risk of regional nodal recurrence (fixed effects model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.67; p = .01; random‐effects model: OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.04–0.76; p = .02) compared to observation.ConclusionThis systemic review and first meta‐analysis confirmed that elective neck irradiation can significantly reduce the rate of nodal recurrence in patients with N0 SCC of the maxillary sinus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1823–1828, 2015
Sexual health in oral oncology: Breaking the news to patients with human papillomavirus–positive oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Evans Mererid , Powell Ned G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma is increasing in many countries of the developed world, largely because of cancers caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV‐positive patients may ask questions that fall outside the remit of traditional consultations held in head and neck clinics. The purpose of this article is to highlight key messages about HPV and oropharyngeal cancer that are relevant to patients. Key messages include: HPV is a very common virus that transiently infects most people at some point in their lives; HPV infection is transmitted by normal sexual activity and is not a marker of promiscuity or abnormal sexual practices; HPV infections may be acquired many years before a cancer develops and infection does not imply recent infidelity; long‐term partners of HPV‐positive patients do not seem to be at increased risk of HPV infection. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1529–1533, 2014
Simulation of stream flow components in a mountainous catchment in northern Thailand with SWAT, using the ANSELM calibration approach
Authors: Bannwarth M. A. , Hugenschmidt C. , Sangchan W. , Lamers M. , Ingwersen J. , Ziegler A. D. , Streck T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHighland agriculture is intensifying rapidly in South‐East Asia, leading to alarmingly high applications of agrochemicals. Understanding the fate of these contaminants requires carefully planned monitoring programmes and, in most cases, accurate simulation of hydrological pathways into and through water bodies. We simulate run‐off in a steep mountainous catchment in tropical South‐East Asia. To overcome calibration difficulties related to the mountainous topography, we introduce a new calibration method, named A Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Likelihood Match (ANSELM), that allows the assignment of optimal parameters to different hydrological response units in simulations of stream discharge with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. ANSELM performed better than the Parasol calibration tool built into SWAT in terms of model efficiency and computation time. In our simulation, the most sensitive model parameters were those related to base flow generation, surface run‐off generation, flow routing and soil moisture change. The coupling of SWAT with ANSELM yielded reasonable simulations of both wet‐season and dry‐season storm hydrographs. Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiencies for daily stream flow during two validation years were 0.77 and 0.87. These values are in the upper range or even higher than those reported for other SWAT model applications in temperate or tropical regions. The different flow components were realistically simulated by SWAT, and showed a similar behaviour in all the study years, despite inter‐annual climatic differences. The realistic partitioning of total stream flow into its contributing components will be an important factor for using this hydrological model to simulate solute transport in the future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A detailed insight into drug delivery from PEDOT based on analytical methods: Effects and side effects
Authors: Boehler Christian , Asplund Maria 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe possibility to release drugs from conducting polymers, like polypyrrole or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), has been described and investigated for a variety of different substances during the last years, showing a wide interest in these release systems. A point that has not been looked at so far however is the possibility of other substances, next to the intended ones, leaving the polymer film under the high voltage excursions during redox sweeping. In this study we target this weakness of commonly used detection methods by implementing a high precision analytical method (high‐performance liquid chromatography) that allows a separation and subsequently a detailed quantification of all possible release products. We could identify a significantly more complex release behavior for a PEDOT:Dex system than has been assumed so far, revealing the active release of the monomer upon redox activation. The released EDOT could thereby be shown to result from the bulk material, causing a considerable loss of polymer (>10% during six release events) that could partly account for the observed degradation or delamination effects of drug‐eluting coatings. The monomer leakage was found to be substantially higher for a PEDOT:Dex film compared to a PEDOT:PSS sample. This finding indicates an overestimation of drug release if side products are mistaken for the actual drug mass. Moreover the full picture of released substances implements the need for further studies to reduce the monomer leakage and identify possible adverse effects, especially in the perspective of releasing an anti‐inflammatory substance for attenuation of the foreign body reaction toward implanted electrodes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1200–1207, 2015.
Human elastin polypeptides improve the biomechanical properties of three‐dimensional matrices through the regulation of elastogenesis
Authors: Boccafoschi Francesca , Ramella Martina , Sibillano Teresa , De Caro Liberato , Giannini Cinzia , Comparelli Roberto , Bandiera Antonella , Cannas Mario 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe replacement of diseased tissues with biological substitutes with suitable biomechanical properties is one of the most important goal in tissue engineering. Collagen represents a satisfactory choice for scaffolds. Unfortunately, the lack of elasticity represents a restriction to a wide use of collagen for several applications. In this work, we studied the effect of human elastin‐like polypeptide (HELP) as hybrid collagen‐elastin matrices. In particular, we studied the biomechanical properties of collagen/HELP scaffolds considering several components involved in ECM remodeling (elastin, collagen, fibrillin, lectin‐like receptor, metalloproteinases) and cell phenotype (myogenin, myosin heavy chain) with particular awareness for vascular tissue engineering applications. Elastin and collagen content resulted upregulated in collagen–HELP matrices, even showing an improved structural remodeling through the involvement of proteins to a ECM remodeling activity. Moreover, the hybrid matrices enhanced the contractile activity of C2C12 cells concurring to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Finally, small‐angle X‐ray scattering analyses were performed to enable a very detailed analysis of the matrices at the nanoscale, comparing the scaffolds with native blood vessels. In conclusion, our work shows the use of recombinant HELP, as a very promising complement able to significantly improve the biomechanical properties of three‐dimensional collagen matrices in terms of tensile stress and elastic modulus. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1218–1230, 2015.