bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal midazolam during presurgical epilepsy monitoring is well tolerated, delays seizure recurrence, and protects from generalized tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Kay Lara , Reif Philipp S. , Belke Marcus , Bauer Sebastian , Fründ Detlef , Knake Susanne , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of the ictal and immediate postictal application of intranasal midazolam (in‐MDZ) in adolescents and adults during video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring.MethodsMedical records of all patients treated with in‐MDZ between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. For each single patient, the time span until recurrence of seizures was analyzed after an index seizure with and without in‐MDZ application. To prevent potential bias, we defined the first seizure with application of in‐MDZ as the in‐MDZ index seizure. The control index seizure was the preceding, alternatively the next successive seizure without application of in‐MDZ.ResultsIn total, 75 epilepsy patients (mean age 34 ± 14.7 years; 42 male, 33 female) were treated with in‐MDZ (mean dose 5.1 mg). Adverse events were observed in four patients (5.3%), and no serious adverse events occurred. The median time after EEG seizure onset before administration of in‐MDZ was 2.17 min (interquartile range [IQR] 03.82; range 0.13–15.0 min). Over the next 12 h after in‐MDZ, the number of seizures was significantly lower (p = 0.031). The median seizure‐free interval was significantly longer following treatment with in‐MDZ (5.83 h; IQR 6.83, range 0.4–23.87) than it was for those with no in‐MDZ treatment (2.37 h; IQR 4.87, range 0.03–21.87; p = 0.015). Conversely, the likelihood of the patient developing a subsequent seizure was four times higher (odds ratio [OR] 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–14.47) in the first hour and decreased gradually after 12 h (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.06–2.12). The occurrence of generalized tonic–clonic seizures was lower in the in‐MDZ group in the 24‐h observation period (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.41–15.45; p = 0.009).SignificanceIctal and immediate postictal administration of in‐MDZ was well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events. We demonstrated a significant reduction of subsequent seizures (all seizure types) for a 12 h period and of generalized tonic–clonic seizures for 24 h following in‐MDZ.
Drivers of temporal changes in temperate forest plant diversity vary across spatial scales
Authors: Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Baeten Lander , Craven Dylan , De Frenne Pieter , Hédl Radim , Lenoir Jonathan , Bert Didier , Brunet Jörg , Chudomelová Markéta , Decocq Guillaume , Dierschke Hartmut , Dirnböck Thomas , Dörfler Inken , Heinken Thilo , Hermy Martin , Hommel Patrick , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Keczyński Andrzej , Kelly Daniel L. , Kirby Keith J. , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Máliš František , Mirtl Michael , Mitchell Fraser J.G. , Naaf Tobias , Newman Miles , Peterken George , Petřík Petr , Schmidt Wolfgang , Standovár Tibor , Tóth Zoltán , Calster Hans Van , Verstraeten Gorik , Vladovič Jozef , Vild Ondřej , Wulf Monika , Verheyen Kris 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is affected by numerous environmental drivers. Yet, the extent to which global environmental changes contribute to changes in local diversity is poorly understood. We investigated biodiversity changes in a meta‐analysis of 39 resurvey studies in European temperate forests (3988 vegetation records in total, 17–75 years between the two surveys) by assessing the importance of (i) coarse‐resolution (i.e., among sites) vs. fine‐resolution (i.e., within sites) environmental differences and (ii) changing environmental conditions between surveys. Our results clarify the mechanisms underlying the direction and magnitude of local‐scale biodiversity changes. While not detecting any net local diversity loss, we observed considerable among‐site variation, partly explained by temporal changes in light availability (a local driver) and density of large herbivores (a regional driver). Furthermore, strong evidence was found that presurvey levels of nitrogen deposition determined subsequent diversity changes. We conclude that models forecasting future biodiversity changes should consider coarse‐resolution environmental changes, account for differences in baseline environmental conditions and for local changes in fine‐resolution environmental conditions.
The challenge of the standardization of nursing specializations in Europe
Authors: Ranchal A. , Jolley M.J. , Keogh J. , Lepiesová M. , Rasku T. , Zeller S. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe evolution of health care is driving the need for specialist nursing knowledge. Specialist nurses have undertaken a formal training that focuses on a specific clinical area or population and are legitimated by a professional award or legal status. Specialist nurses are better able to provide the most specific and most appropriate care for both people and populations.AimThis paper considers nursing's loose understanding of ‘specialization’ and the impact this has on those who seek employment outside their own nation but within the family of nations known as the European Union (EU). There is a lack of standardization for nursing specializations across the European Union that leads to lack of mobility across countries.Sources of evidenceReports were reviewed from within the European Union, including specialist nursing groups and regulatory nursing bodies.DiscussionNurse specialists can be regarded as operating at nursing's ‘leading edge’; however, it is here that nursing lacks organization and common standards. This is readily apparent in a EU bound together by the principle of freedom of movement and common professional and academic standards.ConclusionIt is now time for European Union nurses to look beyond the common standards for pre‐registration courses and to consider the development of common standards for specialist nursing. Historical attempts to achieve common standards for specialist nursing have largely been unsuccessful due to the diversity of approaches to nurse specialization. It is time now for this challenge to be re‐addressed so that specialist nurses can more freely work throughout the European Union.Implications for nursing policyThere is a pressing need for policy makers to define specialist nursing and to enable European Union‐wide standards.
Heritability and genetic correlations of personality traits in a wild population of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris)
Authors: Petelle M. B. , Martin J. G. A. , Blumstein D. T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDescribing and quantifying animal personality is now an integral part of behavioural studies because individually distinctive behaviours have ecological and evolutionary consequences. Yet, to fully understand how personality traits may respond to selection, one must understand the underlying heritability and genetic correlations between traits. Previous studies have reported a moderate degree of heritability of personality traits, but few of these studies have either been conducted in the wild or estimated the genetic correlations between personality traits. Estimating the additive genetic variance and covariance in the wild is crucial to understand the evolutionary potential of behavioural traits. Enhanced environmental variation could reduce heritability and genetic correlations, thus leading to different evolutionary predictions. We estimated the additive genetic variance and covariance of docility in the trap, sociability (mirror image stimulation), and exploration and activity in two different contexts (open‐field and mirror image simulation experiments) in a wild population of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris). We estimated both heritability of behaviours and of personality traits and found nonzero additive genetic variance in these traits. We also found nonzero maternal, permanent environment and year effects. Finally, we found four phenotypic correlations between traits, and one positive genetic correlation between activity in the open‐field test and sociability. We also found permanent environment correlations between activity in both tests and docility and exploration in the MIS test. This is one of a handful of studies to adopt a quantitative genetic approach to explain variation in personality traits in the wild and, thus, provides important insights into the potential variance available for selection.
Rehabilitation of a Completely Edentulous Patient with Nonreducible Bilateral Anterior Dislocation of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Prosthodontic Challenge—Clinical Report
Authors: Momani Moath , Abdallah Mohamed‐Nur , Al‐Sebaie Derar , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNonreduced bilateral anterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an extremely rare condition, and its prosthodontic rehabilitation is a clinical challenge, especially in patients who refuse to or cannot undergo surgery. There are no previous clinical reports of successful or standardized prosthetic rehabilitation approaches for patients with this condition. This clinical report describes the successful prosthodontic management of an edentulous patient with nonreduced bilateral anterior dislocation of the TMJ.
The Value of Occlusion in Dentistry: A Clinical Report Showing the Correction of an Anterior Reverse Articulation with Selective Occlusal Adjustment
Authors: Ferreira Cimara Fortes , Prado Abraão Moratelli , Pereira Maurício Assunção , Cardoso Antônio Carlos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe subject of occlusion has been deemphasized by academia over the last 30 years. This marginalization in turn has negatively impacted recent graduates who are largely unfamiliar with the use of occlusal adjustment by selective reshaping as a treatment modality. Use of proper occlusal therapy enables clinicians to more effectively help patients recover from parafunctional wear of the anterior and posterior teeth. In addition, familiarity with this field enhances the correction of progressive posterior and anterior reverse articulations. This article aims to highlight the importance of occlusal principles in treatment planning. In addition, we illustrate the benefits of occlusal adjustment by using a conservative technique, selective reshaping, as an option to correct anterior reverse articulation in a 20‐year‐old patient. The knowledge of occlusal principles enhances diagnosis of malocclusion in the development of a treatment plan. When properly employed, the technique of occlusal adjustment by selective reshaping may be used to correct an adaptive anterior reverse articulation with a high degree of predictability for select patients.
Effects of calcium soap of rice bran oil fatty acids supplementation alone and with DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate in lamb diets on performance, digestibility, ruminal parameters and meat quality
Authors: Bhatt R. S. , Sahoo A. , Karim S. A. , Agrawal A. R. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThirty‐six Malpura lambs (28 day old and 6.7 ± 0.25 kg BW) were distributed equally in three groups having six males and six female. They were ad libitum fed individually three different experimental diets containing calcium soap of fatty acids (CA‐FA) at 0 (T1) and 40 (T2 and T3) g/kg concentrate up to six months of age. Animals in T3 were supplemented additionally with 40 mg DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate/kg of concentrate. The roughage moiety included ad libitum dry Prosopis cineraria and fresh Azadirachata indica leaves. All the lambs were allowed to suckle from their dam up to weaning (90 day of age). Supplementation of Ca‐FA improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio during both pre‐ (28–90 days) and post‐weaning (91–180 days) phases; however, no effect of DL‐α‐tocopherol was observed. Metabolic parameters during post‐weaning phase revealed non‐significant effect on digestibility but improved nitrogen balance in the test groups. The effect on biochemical attributes did not show any significant alteration in ruminal parameters, blood biochemicals and urinary purine derivatives. Carcass traits revealed higher (p < 0.05) dressing yield and loin eye area with Ca‐FA supplementation. The value of thiobarbituric reactive substances for nuggets prepared from frozen carcasses revealed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in T3 compared to the other dietary groups. Fatty acid profile of adipose tissue revealed higher (p < 0.001) 9‐octadecanoic, 9‐12‐octadecadienoic, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), higher ratio of PUFA/saturated fatty acids (SFA), ω‐6/ω‐3 and lower SFA in Ca‐FA‐supplemented groups. It is concluded that supplementation of 40 g/kg calcium soap prepared from industrial grade rice bran oil in lamb ration provided additional energy intake, improved N utilization, gain and feed conversion ratio besides improving dressing yield and meat quality with CLA enriched fatty acid profile. DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate when supplemented at 40 mg/kg feed reduced lipid oxidation of meat products thus improving its keeping quality.
Migration and isolation during the turbulent Ponto‐Caspian Pleistocene create high diversity in the crustacean Paramysis lacustris
Authors: Audzijonyte Asta , Baltrūnaitė Laima , Väinölä Risto , Arbačiauskas Kęstutis 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Ponto‐Caspian brackish‐water fauna inhabits estuaries and rivers of the Black, Azov and Caspian seas and is fragmented by higher salinity waters and a major interbasin watershed. The fauna is known for the high levels of endemism, complex zoogeographic histories, and as a recent source of successful invasive species. It remains debated whether the Black and Azov Sea brackish‐water populations survived unfavourable Pleistocene conditions in multiple separate refugia or whether the two seas were (repeatedly) recolonized from the Caspian. Using microsatellite and mtDNA markers, we demonstrate deep among‐ and within‐basin subdivisions in a widespread Ponto‐Caspian mysid crustacean Paramysis lacustris. Five genetic clusters were identified, but their relationships did not reflect the geography of the region. The Azov cluster was the most distinct (4–5% COI divergence), despite its geographic position in the corridor between Black and Caspian seas, and may represent a new species. In the northern Black Sea area, the Dnieper cluster was closer to the Caspian cluster than to the neighbouring Danube–Dniester–Bug populations, suggesting separate colonizations of the Black Sea. Overall, the data implied a predominant gene flow from the east to the Black Sea and highlight the importance of Caspian Sea transgressions in facilitating dispersal. Yet, the presence of distinct lineages in the Black Sea points to the persistence of isolated refugial populations that have gained diagnostic differences under presumably high mutation rates and large population sizes. The unfavourable Pleistocene periods in the Black Sea therefore appear to have promoted diversification of the brackish‐water lineages, rather than extirpated them.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Brazil Nuts on Microvascular Endothelial Function in Hypertensive and Dyslipidemic Patients: A Randomized Crossover Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Huguenin Grazielle V.B. , Moreira Annie S.B. , Siant'Pierre Tatiana D. , Gonçalves Rodrigo A. , Rosa Glorimar , Oliveira Glaucia M.M. , Luiz Ronir R. , Tibirica Eduardo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with GBNs on microvascular endothelial function in hypertensive and dyslipidemic patients.MethodsNinety‐one patients of both sexes aged 62.1 ± 9.3 years received 13 g/day of GBNs or a placebo for three months with a washout period of one month between treatments. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using LSCI coupled with iontophoresis of ACh and PORH. We also used skin video capillaroscopy to measure capillary density and recruitment at rest and during PORH. Plasma concentrations of NOx were also measured as a marker of nitric oxide bioavailability.ResultsSupplementation with GBNs significantly increased the plasma levels of Se (p < 0.05) and NOx (p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any effects of GBN consumption on microvascular vasodilator responses to ACh or PORH (p > 0.05), and GBNs did not improve capillary density at baseline or recruitment during PORH (p > 0.05).ConclusionsSupplementation with GBNs induced significant increases in the plasma Se concentration and systemic bioavailability of nitric oxide. Nevertheless, GBN supplementation did not lead to any improvement in systemic microvascular reactivity or density in patients with arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia who were undergoing multiple drug therapies.
Liver transplantation as a definitive treatment for familial hypercholesterolemia: A series of 36 cases
Authors: Mansoorian Mohsenreza , Kazemi Kourosh , Nikeghbalian Saman , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Mokhtari Maral , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Bahador Ali , Salahi Heshmatollah , Amoozgar Hamid , Malek Hosseini Seyed Ali 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFHis a genetic disorder characterized by an increase in serumLDLand total cholesterol values. The afflicted patients are at increased risk of premature atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Different treatment modalities are present, including pharmacological agents and surgical procedures. The most effective method of therapy in refractive cases is liver transplantation. Herein, we report our experience on 36 cases of patients withFHundergoing liver transplantation in our center, the main referral center of liver transplantation in Iran. The clinical findings, hospital courses, post‐operative complications, and patient follow‐up are also described.
Study of Toxocara seroprevalence among patients with allergy and healthy individuals in Bulgaria
Authors: Kaneva E. , Rainova I. , Harizanov R. , Nikolov G. , Kaftandjiev I. , Mineva I. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryData in the literature addressing the ability of Toxocara infection in humans to induce development of atopic disease are controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti‐Toxocara antibodies in three groups of people: subjects with allergic symptoms and presence of allergen‐specific IgE, subjects with allergic symptoms and absence of allergen‐specific IgE, and clinically healthy blood donors. Serum samples from all subjects were tested by ELISA and Western blot for presence of specific antibodies against Toxocara canis. The results of our study did not support the link between toxocariasis and allergic manifestations in atopic patients. Among subjects with allergic symptoms and absence of atopy was found seroprevalence of 2·2% in Western blot. Same index in patients with atopy was 0·8%, and in clinically healthy blood donors 4·0%. Our study gives us grounds to consider that it is appropriate persons with allergic reactions, without evidence of atopy to be tested for presence of anti‐Toxocara antibodies in the course of their diagnostic evaluation. Data from clinically healthy persons suggest that there is a ‘hidden’ infection among the population, which is not clinically manifested.
Development of an Agility Test for Badminton Players and Assessment of Its Validity and Test–Retest Reliability
Authors: Loureiro Luiz de França Bahia , de Freitas Paulo Barbosa 
Published: July 2015

Context:Badminton requires open and fast actions toward the shuttlecock, but there is no specific agility test for badminton players with specific movements.Purpose:To develop an agility test that simultaneously assesses perception and motor capacity and examine the test’s concurrent and construct validity and its test–retest reliability.Method:The Badcamp agility test consists of running as fast as possible to 6 targets placed on the corners and middle points of a rectangular area (5.6 × 4.2 m) from the start position located in the center of it, following visual stimuli presented in a luminous panel. The authors recruited 43 badminton players (17–32 y old) to evaluate concurrent (with shuttle-run agility test—SRAT) and construct validity and test–retest reliability.Results:Results revealed that Badcamp presents concurrent and construct validity, as its performance is strongly related to SRAT (ρ = 0.83, P < .001), with performance of experts being better than nonexpert players (P < .01). In addition, Badcamp is reliable, as no difference (P = .07) and a high intraclass correlation (ICC = .93) were found in the performance of the players on 2 different occasions.Conclusions:The findings indicate that Badcamp is an effective, valid, and reliable tool to measure agility, allowing coaches and athletic trainers to evaluate players’ athletic condition and training effectiveness and possibly detect talented individuals in this sport.
Optimization of ZnO-NPs to Investigate Their Safe Application by Assessing Their Effect on Soil Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Kushwah Tanuja , Vishwakarma Ashutosh , Yadav Shweta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are increasingly receiving attention due to their widespread application in cosmetics, pigments and coatings. This has raised concerns in the public and scientific communities regarding their unexpected health effects. Toxicity effect of ZnO-NPs on the environment was assessed in the present study using Caenorhabditis elegans. Multiple toxicity end points including their mortality, behaviour, reproduction, in vitro distribution and expression of stress response mtl-1 and sod-1 genes were observed to evaluate safe application of ZnO-NPs. C. elegans were exposed to 10, 50, and 100 nm ZnO-NPs (0.1 to 2.0 g/l). Application of 10 nm ≥0.7g/l adversely affects the survivability of worms and was significantly not affected with exposure of 50 and 100 nm ≤1.0 g/l. However, reproduction was affected at much low concentration as compared to their survivability. LC50 was recorded 1.0 ± 0.06 (g/l) for 100 nm, 0.90 ± 0.60 for 50 nm and 0.620 ± 0.08 for 10 nm. Expression of mtl-1 and sod-1 was significantly increased with application of 10 nm ≥0.7g/l and significantly unaffected with exposure of 50 and 100 nm at the same concentration. ZnO-NPs (10 nm) had shown even distribution extended nearly the entire length of the body. The distribution pattern of ZnO-NPs indicates that the intestine is the major target tissues for NP toxicity. Study demonstrates that small-sized (10 nm) ZnO-NPs ≥0.7g/l is more toxic than larger-sized particles. This may be suggested on the basis of available data; application of 50 and 100 nm ≤1.0 g/l ZnO-NPs may be used to the environment as this shows no significant toxicity. However, further calibration is warranted to explore safe dose on soil compartments prior to their field application.