bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Vacancy‐Engineered ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Harnessing Low‐Frequency Vibration Induced Piezoelectric Polarization Coupled with Static Dipole Field to Enhance Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhong Wen‐Jia , Hung Ming‐Yuan , Kuo Yen‐Ting , Tian Hong‐Kang , Tsai Chih‐Ning , Wu Chien‐Jung , Lin Yi‐Dong , Yu Hsiang‐Chun , Lin Yan‐Gu , Wu Jih‐Jen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of In‐ and S‐vacancy concentrations on the photocatalytic activity of non‐centrosymmetric zinc indium sulfide (ZIS) nanosheets for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A positive correlation between the concentrations of dual In and S vacancies and the photocatalytic HER rate over ZIS nanosheets is observed. The piezoelectric polarization, stimulated by low‐frequency vortex vibration to ensure the well‐dispersion of ZIS nanosheets in solution, plays a crucial role in enhancing photocatalytic HER over the dual‐vacancy engineered ZIS nanosheets. The piezoelectric characteristic of the defective ZIS nanosheets is confirmed through the piezopotential response measured using piezoelectric force microscopy. Piezophotocatalytic H2 evolution over the ZIS nanosheets is boosted under accelerated vortex vibrations. The research explores how vacancies alter ZIS's dipole moment and piezoelectric properties, thereby increasing electric potential gradient and improving charge‐separation efficiency, through multi‐scale simulations, including Density Functional Theory and Finite Element Analysis, and a machine‐learning interatomic potential for defect identification. Increased In and S vacancies lead to higher electric potential gradients in ZIS along [100] and [010] directions, attributing to dipole moment and the piezoelectric effect. This research provides a comprehensive exploration of vacancy engineering in ZIS nanosheets, leveraging the piezopotential and dipole field to enhance photocatalytic performances.
The TDP‐43/TP63 Positive Feedback Circuit Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Li Wenwen , Yang Yanting , Huang Linying , Yu Xinyuan , Wang Teng , Zhang Nasha , Yang Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies with a 5‐year survival rate of only 15% in patients with advanced diseases. Tumor protein 63 (TP63), a master transcription factor (TF) in ESCC, cooperates with other TFs to regulate enhancers and/or promoters of target oncogenes, which in turn promotes tumorigenesis. TAR‐DNA‐binding protein‐43 (TDP‐43) is an RNA/DNA binding protein with elevated expression in several neoplasms. However, it remains unclear how TDP‐43 contributes to ESCC progression. In this study, TDP‐43 is identified as a novel oncogene with markedly upregulated expression in ESCC tissues through profiling expression levels of one hundred and fifty canonical RNA binding protein (RBP) genes in multiple ESCC patient cohorts. Importantly, TDP‐43 boosted TP63 expression via post‐transcriptionally stabilizing TP63 mRNAs as a RBP and promoting TP63 transcription as a TF binding to the TP63 promoter in ESCC cells. In contrast, the master TF TP63 also bound to the TDP‐43 promoter, accelerated TDP‐43 transcription, and caused a noticeable increase in TDP‐43 expression in ESCC cells. The findings highlight TDP‐43 as a viable therapeutic target for ESCC and uncover a hitherto unrecognized TDP‐43/TP63 circuit in cancer.
Honeysuckle flower stage identification based on improved YOLOv5s
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Guanping , Sun Wei , Yang Sen , Feng Bin , Jia Shangyun , Wu Chenguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe medicinal constituents of Chinese herbal medicine honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb) vary at different flower stages. In order to ensure that the medicinal value is maximized, it is necessary to identify its flower stage before harvesting. However, at present, this study can only be accomplished by manual visual recognition, which is inefficient and costly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an automatic detection technique with high maturity, fast detection speed, and strong model deployment capability. In order to adapt to the problems of different flower size and color texture similarity and complex background, this study chooses YOLOv5s algorithm for adaptive modification. First, a small detection layer is added to the network to enhance feature extraction and improve the accuracy of identifying small honeysuckle. Second, attention mechanism is incorporated into the backbone network to suppress background interference and improve identification accuracy. Finally, the original IoU‐NMS is replaced by the DIoU‐NMS algorithm, which improves the bounding box regression rate while reducing the leakage rate when overlapping or occluded. The test results showed that the P was increased from 80.0% to 92.7%, the R was increased from 78.6% to 80.2%, and the mean average precision was increased from 86.2% to 90.6%. Furthermore, the model was verified at both long range and short range, and the tests data indicate that the identification accuracy was no less than 90% in 3 m without serious occlusion. This study laid a solid foundation for accurate honeysuckle flower stage identification and provided technical support for real‐time machine picking honeysuckle.
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis identifies ancestry‐specific loci for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ge Yi‐Jun , Chen Shi‐Dong , Wu Bang‐Sheng , Zhang Ya‐Ru , Wang Jun , He Xiao‐Yu , Liu Wei‐Shi , Chen Yi‐Lin , Ou Ya‐Nan , Shen Xue‐Ning , Huang Yu‐Yuan , Gan Yi‐Han , Yang Liu , Ma Ling‐Zhi , Ma Ya‐Hui , Chen Ke‐Liang , Chen Shu‐Fen , Cui Mei , Tan Lan , Dong Qiang , Zhao Qian‐Hua , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Jia Jian‐Ping , Yu Jin‐Tai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disease with complex genetic etiology. Yet most known loci have only identified from the late‐onset type AD in populations of European ancestry.METHODSWe performed a two‐stage genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of AD totaling 6878 Chinese and 63,926 European individuals.RESULTSIn addition to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus, our GWAS of two independent Chinese samples uncovered three novel AD susceptibility loci (KIAA2013, SLC52A3, and TCN2) and a novel ancestry‐specific variant within EGFR (rs1815157). More replicated variants were observed in the Chinese (31%) than in the European samples (15%). In combining genome‐wide associations and functional annotations, EGFR and TCN2 were prioritized as two of the most biologically significant genes. Phenome‐wide Mendelian randomization suggests that high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration might protect against AD.DISCUSSIONThe current study reveals novel AD susceptibility loci, emphasizes the importance of diverse populations in AD genetic research, and advances our understanding of disease etiology.Highlights
Loci KIAA2013, SLC52A3, and TCN2 were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese populations.
rs1815157 within the EGFR locus was associated with AD in Chinese populations.
The genetic architecture of AD varied between Chinese and European populations.
EGFR and TCN2 were prioritized as two of the most biologically significant genes.
High mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations might have protective effects against AD.
Photoabbaubare Hydrogele auf Cumarin‐Basis ermöglichen die Zwei‐Photonen kontrollierte subtraktive Biofabrikation bei 300 mm s−1
Authors: Qiu Wanwan , Gehre Christian , Nepomuceno Jaime Pietrantuono , Bao Yinyin , Li Zhiquan , Müller Ralph , Qin Xiao‐Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDer Raum‐Zeit kontrollierte Zwei‐Photonen‐Abbau von Hydrogelen findet zunehmend Beachtung für hochaufgelöstes subtraktives tissue engineering. Übliche photolabile Hydrogele weisen jedoch unter Zwei‐Photonen‐Anregung mit Licht im nahen Infrarot‐Bereich nur eine geringe Effizienz auf und benötigen daher eine sehr hohe Laserleistungen, die die Zellaktivität beeinträchtigen können. Folglich stellt der schnelle Zwei‐Photonen‐Abbau von Hydrogelen in Gegenwart von Zellen immer noch eine grosse Herausforderung dar. In dieser Arbeit wird ein neues Konzept und die Synthese von effizient photoabbaubaren auf Cumarin basierenden Hydrogelen vorgestellt, um diese Einschränkung zu überwinden. Es wurde eine Reihe von photolabilen, Cumarin‐funktionalisierten Glycol‐Linker über eine Passerini‐Multikomponenten‐Reaktion hergestellt. Nach Zugabe von Thiol‐substituierter Hyaluronsäure zu diesen Linkern wurden in situ über eine Michael‐Reaktion halb‐synthetische, photoabbaubare Hydrogele erhalten. Die Effizienz des Photoabbaus dieser Hydrogele unter Zwei‐Photonen‐Bestrahlung eines 780 nm Lasers ist deutlich höher als diejenige der bisher bekannten, mit Nitrobenzyl‐Gruppen substituierten analogen Hydrogelen. Dies ermöglicht es, ein komplexes mikrofluidisches Netzwerk, das die Mikroarchitektur von Knochen nachahmt, mit hohen Geschwindigkeiten von bis zu 300 mm s−1 und einer geringen Laserleistung bis zu nur 10 mW herzustellen. Schliesslich konnte gezeigt werden, dass das schnelle Zwei‐Photonen‐Drucken von hohlen Mikrokanälen im Hydrogel zur räumlich‐zeitlichen Kontrolle der Zellmigration in dreidimensionalen Systemen genutzt werden kann Diese Hydrogele ermöglichen daher neue Wege zum schnellen, Laser‐gesteuerten Gewebe‐Engineering mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung.
Biosynthese der nichtkanonischen C17‐Sesquiterpenoide Chlororaphen A und B aus Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Authors: Xu Houchao , Li Heng , Goldfuss Bernd , Schnakenburg Gregor , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDie Chlororaphene A und B sind strukturell einzigartige nichtkanonische C17‐Sesquiterpenoide aus Pseudomonas chlororaphis, die von zwei SAM‐abhängigen Methyltransferasen und einer Typ‐I‐Terpensynthase hergestellt werden. Diese Studie befasst sich in Isotopenmarkierungsexperimenten und DFT‐Berechnungen mit dem Mechanismus ihrer Entstehung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine erstaunliche Komplexität der Verteilung der Markierungen innerhalb eines Cyclopentan‐Kerns, der mit zwei acyclischen Fragmenten in Chlororaphen A und B in umgekehrter Weise verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus wurde die Aufnahme von bis zu 14 Deuteriumatomen aus D2O beobachtet. Diese Ergebnisse lassen sich durch eine wiederholte mehrstufige Umlagerungssequenz im Spätstadium erklären. Die absoluten Konfigurationen der Chlororaphene und ihrer biosynthetischen Zwischenprodukte wurden in stereoselektiven Markierungsexperimenten aufgeklärt.
Coumarin‐Based Photodegradable Hydrogels Enable Two‐Photon Subtractive Biofabrication at 300 mm s−1
Authors: Qiu Wanwan , Gehre Christian , Nepomuceno Jaime Pietrantuono , Bao Yinyin , Li Zhiquan , Müller Ralph , Qin Xiao‐Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpatiotemporally controlled two‐photon photodegradation of hydrogels has gained increasing attention for high‐precision subtractive tissue engineering. However, conventional photolabile hydrogels often have poor efficiency upon two‐photon excitation in the near‐infrared (NIR) region and thus require high laser dosage that may compromise cell activity. As a result, high‐speed two‐photon hydrogel erosion in the presence of cells remains challenging. Here we introduce the design and synthesis of efficient coumarin‐based photodegradable hydrogels to overcome these limitations. A set of photolabile coumarin‐functionalized polyethylene glycol linkers are synthesized through a Passerini multicomponent reaction. After mixing these linkers with thiolated hyaluronic acid, semi‐synthetic photodegradable hydrogels are formed in situ via Michael addition crosslinking. The efficiency of photodegradation in these hydrogels is significantly higher than that in nitrobenzyl counterparts upon two‐photon irradiation at 780 nm. A complex microfluidic network mimicking the bone microarchitecture is successfully fabricated in preformed coumarin hydrogels at high speeds of up to 300 mm s−1 and low laser dosage down to 10 mW. Further, we demonstrate fast two‐photon printing of hollow microchannels inside a hydrogel to spatiotemporally direct cell migration in 3D. Collectively, these hydrogels may open new avenues for fast laser‐guided tissue fabrication at high spatial resolution.
Poly‐vinyl‐pyrrolidone capped luminescent zinc oxide nanocomposites as excellent tools for germicidal and photo‐catalytic performances
Authors: Praseetha Prabhakaran Kala , Vijayakumar Subramaniyan , Vidhya Elavarasan , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Mythili Raja , Prathipkumar Subramaniyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlternate antibiotics developed through the involvement of nanomaterials are gaining interest due to their economical and lower toxicity concerns. A newly developed biopolymer‐based polyvinylpyrrolidone/zinc oxide (PVP/ZnO) nanocomposite (NCs) was efficiently synthesized by an environment‐friendly approach, utilizing onion and garlic peel extract as a bio‐surfactant, zinc acetate as the source, PVP as the stabilizing agent, and sodium hydroxide as the precipitant. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) investigations verified the crystalline properties of ZnO, PVP, and PVP/ZnO‐based NCs. The structure of the biopolymer‐linked ZnO particles interpolated inside the PVP array was seen to have a layered and flaky structure, as validated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis, which revealed its occurrence in the nanometer range. The XRD examination verified that the surface topographical image of PVP/ZnO NCs had an average thickness of 21 nm. The PVP/ZnO nanocrystals demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficacy, with a breakdown rate of 88% and almost 92% for the methylene blue dye. Therefore, the PVP/ZnO matrix exhibits superior antibacterial activity compared to other extracts, resulting in greater microbial suppression. The results above indicate that the ZnO‐intercalated PVP array has a stronger reinforcing effect than other components. Hence, PVP/ZnO nanocrystals exhibit enormous potential as a favorable substance for environmental and biomedical intentions.
Potential correlations between abnormal homogeneity of default mode network and personality or lipid level in major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhang Chunguo , Ruan Feichao , Yan Haohao , Liang Jiaquan , Li Xiaoling , Liang Wenting , Ou Yangpan , Xu Caixia , Xie Guojun , Guo Wenbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDefault mode network (DMN) is one of the most recognized resting‐state networks in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the homogeneity of this network in MDD remains incompletely explored. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is abnormal network homogeneity (NH) of the DMN in MDD patients. At the same time, correlations between clinical variables and brain functional connectivity are examined.MethodsWe enrolled 42 patients diagnosed with MDD and 42 HCs. A variety of clinical variables were collected, and data analysis was conducted using the NH and independent component analysis methods.ResultsThe study shows that MDD patients have higher NH values in the left superior medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) compared to HCs. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between NH values of the left superior MPFC and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire values. NH values of the left PCC are positively linked to CHOL levels, LDL levels, and utilization scores. However, these correlations lose significance after the Bonferroni correction.ConclusionOur findings indicate the presence of abnormal DMN homogeneity in MDD, underscoring the significance of DMN in the pathophysiology of MDD. Simultaneously, the study provides preliminary evidence for the correlation between clinical variables and brain functional connectivity.
Cytomorphologic and molecular characterization of spindle cell carcinoid tumors of the lung
Authors: Mendoza Rachelle P. , Symes Emily , Wang Peng , Miller Cole , Thompson Stephanie C. , Antic Tatjana , Biernacka Anna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpindle cell carcinoid tumor (SCCT) is a rare variant of lung carcinoid tumor consisting predominantly or exclusively of spindle cells. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to date investigating the molecular characteristics of SCCTs.MethodsEighty‐five carcinoid tumors initially diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration over a period of 10 years were reviewed. The final diagnostic classification was based on resection specimens. Six SCCTs were identified and characterized based on cytomorphology, and immunohistochemical and molecular features.ResultsMost patients with SCCT were Caucasian (100.0%), women (83.3%), asymptomatic (66.7%), and nonsmokers (83.3%). The median age at diagnosis was 78.0 years (range, 58.2–80.3 years). A higher proportion of patients who had SCCT were diagnosed with distant metastasis. The smears were cellular and demonstrated clean backgrounds without necrosis or mitotic activity. SCCTs comprised of bipolar‐to‐elongated cells with finely granular chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and minimal atypia or pleomorphism. The tumor cells sometimes appeared boomerang‐shaped and might mimic granulomas or blood vessels. SCCTs showed strong expression for pan‐cytokeratin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD56, with weak TTF‐1 and a very low Ki‐67 proliferation index. All SCCTs had low tumor mutational burden and were microsatellite‐stable. One case showed multiple whole‐gene losses in chromosome 11, whereas another harbored duplication in ARID1A. Two cases demonstrated gains in chromosomes 17, one of which also showed gains in chromosome 18. None had a single nucleotide mutation.ConclusionsSCCT is a rare subset of lung carcinoid tumors. These tumors harbor unique cytologic, prognostic, and molecular features that may have significant diagnostic and clinical implications.
Expanded Antigen‐Specific Elimination Assay to Measure Human CD8+ T Cell Cytolytic Potential
Authors: Collins David R. , Olatotse Mpho J. , Racenet Zachary J. , Arshad Umar , Çakan Elif , Gaiha Gaurav D. , Clayton Kiera L. , Walker Bruce D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDurable cellular immunity against pathogens is dependent upon a coordinated recall response to antigen by memory CD8+ T cells, involving their proliferation and the generation of secondary cytotoxic effector cells. Conventional assays measuring ex vivo cytotoxicity fail to capture this secondary cytolytic potential, especially in settings where cells have not been recently exposed to their cognate antigen in vivo. Here we describe the expanded antigen‐specific elimination assay (EASEA), a flow cytometric endpoint assay to measure the capacity of human CD8+ T cells to expand in vitro upon antigen re‐exposure and generate secondary effector cells capable of selectively eliminating autologous antigen‐pulsed target cells across a range of effector‐to‐target ratios. Unlike alternative assays, EASEA avoids the hazards of radioactive labeling and viral infection and can be used to study responses to individual or pooled antigens of interest. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Expanded antigen‐specific elimination assay
Ligand Effect of PdRu on Pt‐Enriched Surface for Glucose Complete Electro‐Oxidation to Carbon Dioxide and Abiotic Direct Glucose Fuel Cells
Authors: Guan Yichi , Su Dezhi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Bowen , Liu Yanyi , Liu Pengcheng , Ban Lishou , Qin Tao , Wang Kaili , Chu Ganghui , Liu Xijun , He Jia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of advanced electrocatalysts for the abiotic direct glucose fuel cells (ADGFCs) is critical in the implantable devices in living organisms. The ligand effect in the Pt shell‐alloy core nanocatalysts is known to influence the electrocatalytic reaction in interfacial structure. Herein, we reported the synthesis of ternary Pt@PdRu nanoalloy aerogels with ligand effect of PdRu on Pt‐enriched surface through electrochemical cycling. Pt@PdRu aerogels with optimized Pt surface electronic structure exhibited high mass activity and specific activity of Pt@PdRu about 450 mA mgPt−1 and 1.09 mA cm−2, which were 1.4 and 1.6 times than that of commercial Pt/C. Meanwhile, Pt@PdRu aerogels have higher electrochemical stability comparable to commercial Pt/C. In‐situ FTIR spectra results proved that the glucose oxidation reaction on Pt@PdRu aerogels followed the CO‐free direct pathway reaction mechanism and part of the products are CO2 by completed oxidation. Furthermore, the ADGFC with Pt@PdRu ultrathin anode catalyst layer showed a much higher power density of 6.2 mW cm−2 than commercial Pt/C (3.8 Mw cm−2). To simulate the blood fuel cell, the Pt@PdRu integrated membrane electrode assembly was exposed to glucose solution and a steady‐state open circuit of approximately 0.6 V was achieved by optimizing the glucose concentration in cell system.
A novel multimode constant magnetizing current battery equalizer with few sensors in electric vehicles
Authors: Zou Runmin , Zhou Wenqi , Wang Ji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conventional automatic battery equalizer is characterized by its low cost in batter management system. However, its effectiveness is limited by the absence of signal feedback, leading to inadequate self‐regulation and protection of the topology. In this paper, an equalizer with constant magnetizing current is proposed. By adjusting the duty cycle of the MOSFETs, the magnetizing current can be flexibly controlled, which greatly improves the equalization rate and safety. The topology has multiple modes such as cell to cell (C2C), cell to string (C2S), and string to string (S2S). A creative signal sampling method is designed to obtain the cell voltage and magnetizing current with few sensors. And a novel balancing strategy is proposed, which can achieve wonderful accuracy of equalization at any initial voltage distribution.
Electrochemical C3‐Fluoroalkoxylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Fluoroalkyl Alcohols for the Synthesis of 3‐Fluoroalkoxylated Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Liu Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Lu , Wang Ting , Wang Guoqin , Zhang Minmin , Jing Linhai , Han Pan , Zhang Zheng‐Bing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the first electricity‐driven and metal‐free C(3)−H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with both α‐monosubstituted and α,α‐disubstituted fluoroalkyl alcohols. This strategy features the advantages of convenience, mildness, effEctiveness and broad substrate practicality for synthesizing a new type of 3‐fluoroalkoxylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones.