bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared decision-making interventions in the choice of antipsychotic prescription in people living with psychosis (SHAPE): Protocol for a realist review
Authors: Fitzgerald Ita , Sahm Laura J. , Howe Jo , Maidment Ian , Wallace Emma , Crowley Erin K. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) has yet to be successfully adopted into routine use in psychiatric settings amongst people living with severe mental illnesses. Suboptimal rates of SDM are particularly prominent amongst patients with psychotic illnesses during antipsychotic treatment choices. Many interventions have been assessed for their efficacy in improving SDM within this context, although results have been variable and inconsistent.

Aims
To generate an in-depth understanding of how, why, for whom, and to what extent interventions facilitating the application of SDM during antipsychotic treatment choices work and the impact of contextual factors on intervention effectiveness.

Methods
This review will use realist review methodology to provide a causal understanding of how and why interventions work when implementing SDM during antipsychotic treatment choices. The cohort of interest will be those experiencing psychosis where ongoing treatment with an antipsychotic is clinically indicated. The review will take place over five stages; (1) Locating existing theories, (2) Searching for evidence, (3) Selecting articles, (4) Extracting and organising data and (5) Synthesizing evidence and drawing conclusions. An understanding of how and why interventions work will be achieved by developing realist programme theories on intervention effectiveness through iterative literature reviews and engaging with various stakeholder groups, including patient, clinician and carer representatives.

Discussion
This is the first realist review aiming to identify generative mechanisms explaining how and why successful interventions aimed at improving SDM within the parameters outlined work and in which contexts desired outcomes are most likely to be achieved. Review findings will include suggestions for clinicians, policy and decision-makers about the most promising interventions to pursue and their ideal attributes.
Burden of early neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moges Natnael , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Gesese Molalegn Mesele , Kebede Yenealem Solomon , Feleke Sefineh Fenta , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Tesfa Natnael Amare , Bayih Wubet Alebachew , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Bantie Berihun 
Published: July 2024

Background
Globally, with a neonatal mortality rate of 27/1000 live births, Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate in the world and is responsible for 43% of all infant fatalities. In the first week of life, almost three-fourths of neonatal deaths occur and about one million babies died on their first day of life. Previous studies lack conclusive evidence regarding the overall estimate of early neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this review aimed to pool findings reported in the literature on magnitude of early neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
This review’s output is the aggregate of magnitude of early neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Up until June 8, 2023, we performed a comprehensive search of the databases PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, Hinary, Google, Cochrane Library, African Journals Online, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The studies were evaluated using the JBI appraisal check list. STATA 17 was employed for the analysis. Measures of study heterogeneity and publication bias were conducted using the I2 test and the Eggers and Beggs tests, respectively. The Der Simonian and Laird random-effect model was used to calculate the combined magnitude of early neonatal mortality. Besides, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta regression were carried out to identify the source of heterogeneity.

Results
Fourteen studies were included from a total of 311 articles identified by the search with a total of 278,173 participants. The pooled magnitude of early neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa was 80.3 (95% CI 66 to 94.6) per 1000 livebirths. Ethiopia had the highest pooled estimate of early neonatal mortality rate, at 20.1%, and Cameroon had the lowest rate, at 0.5%. Among the included studies, both the Cochrane Q test statistic (χ2 = 6432.46, P <0.001) and I2 test statistic (I2 = 99.80%, p <0.001) revealed statistically significant heterogeneity. Egger’s weighted regression (p <0.001) and funnel plot show evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis.

Conclusion
This review demonstrated that the pooled magnitude of early neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial. Therefore, governmental and nongovernmental agencies, international organizations, healthcare providers and institutions and academic and research institutions should give a due attention and design strategies to reduce early neonatal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Linear-Array Endoscopic Ultrasound and Narrow-Band Imaging Measure the Invasion Depth of Nonpedunculated Rectal Lesions With Comparable Accuracy Based on a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Lingzhi , He Jiaming , Hu Haiyan , Wang Yingying , Li Weixin , Huang Shaohui , Rownoak Jahan , Xu Shenglin , Xie Fang , Wang Junfen , Mi Wenting , Cai Jianqun , Ye Yaping , Liu Side , Wang Jing , Li Yue 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Linear-array endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) are both used to estimate the invasion depth of nonpedunculated rectal lesions (NPRLs). However, it is unclear which procedure is more accurate. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of linear EUS and NBI for estimating the invasion depth of NPRLs.

METHODS:
This study is a single-center, randomized, tandem trial. Eligible patients with NPRLs were randomly assigned to A group (assessment with EUS followed by NBI) or B group (assessment with NBI followed by EUS). The invasion depth of each lesion was independently measured by each procedure and categorized as mucosal to slight submucosal (M-SMs, invasion depth <1,000 μm) or deep submucosal (SMd, invasion depth ≥1,000 μm) invasion, with postoperative pathology as the standard of measurement. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy, and secondary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and procedure time.

RESULTS:
Eighty-six patients with NPRLs were enrolled, and 79 patients were finally analyzed, including 39 cases in the A group and 40 cases in the B group. Comparable diagnostic accuracies were observed between EUS and NBI (96.2% vs 93.7%, P = 0.625). EUS identified lesions with deep submucosal invasion with 81.8% sensitivity while that of NBI was 63.6% (P = 0.500). The specificity of both EUS and NBI was 98.5%. The procedure time was also similar between EUS and NBI (5.90 ± 3.44 vs 6.4 ± 3.94 minutes, P = 0.450). Furthermore, the combined use of EUS and NBI did not improve diagnostic accuracy compared with EUS or NBI alone (94.9% vs 96.2% vs 93.7%, P = 0.333).

DISCUSSION:
Linear EUS and NBI measure the invasion depth of NPRLs with comparable accuracy. The combination of the 2 methods does not improve the diagnostic accuracy. Single NBI should be preferred, considering its simplicity and convenience in clinical practice.
The Association Between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Exposure and Key Cirrhosis-Related Outcomes
Authors: Wang Roy X. , Serper Marina , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Mahmud Nadim 
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) may have hepatic benefits in patients with primarily chronic liver disease. ACE-I/ARB have not been evaluated in broad cohorts inclusive of those with decompensated cirrhosis. We analyzed the real-world association between ACE-I/ARB exposure and cirrhosis-related outcomes in a national cohort.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective, active comparator new user study of patients with cirrhosis in the Veterans Health Administration. We identified new initiators of ACE-I/ARB or calcium channel blockers (CCB, comparator). Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) balanced key confounders and Cox regression evaluated the association between ACE-I/ARB and outcomes of mortality, cirrhosis decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In exploratory analysis, cause-specific competing risk models evaluated liver-related versus cardiovascular (CV)-related versus non-liver/non-CV-related mortality.

Results:
There were 904 ACE-I/ARB and 352 CCB new initiators. In IPTW Cox regression, ACE-I/ARB exposure was associated with reduced mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% CI 0.61-0.81, p<0.001). In patients with compensated cirrhosis, ACE-I/ARB was not associated with hepatic decompensation or HCC. Cause-specific hazard models showed ACE-I/ARB exposure was associated with reduction in non-liver/non-CV-related mortality (csHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38-0.62, p<0.001) but not liver-related or CV-related mortality. In CTP A patients, ACE-I/ARB was associated with decreased CV-related mortality (csHR 0.41, 95% CI 0.26-0.65, p<0.001).

Conclusions:
ACE-I/ARB exposure was associated with reduced mortality, potentially through CV and other (renal, malignancy-related) mechanisms. In patients with compensated disease, ACE-I/ARB was not associated with hepatic decompensation or HCC. Future research should identify subsets of patients who benefit from ACE-I/ARB exposure.
Anti-gliadin Antibodies and the Brain in People Without Celiac Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Croall Iain D. , Armitage Paul A. , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Sanders David S. , Hoggard Nigel 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) occur in approximately 10% of the general population, produced as a response to gluten. Autoimmune gluten-related disorders can have detrimental neurological effects if not properly controlled but the relevance of such incidental AGA is not properly established; any harm caused would indicate the gluten-free diet as a means for affected people to protect their brain health. We explored this question by comparing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning, cognitive testing, and other measures between healthy volunteers with and without AGA.

METHODS:
Healthy volunteers aged 50–70 years (without celiac disease, on a gluten-containing diet) underwent blood testing to confirm AGA status. Any AGA+ participants were matched to AGA− controls on age, sex, body mass index, level of education, hypertension diagnosis, and smoking history. These subgroups underwent a cognitive test battery, quality-of-life surveys, and brain MRI scanning. Groups were compared between all outcome measures. Secondary analyses correlated AGA titer with outcomes across the whole cohort.

RESULTS:
Groupwise comparisons of cognitive, quality-of-life, and MRI studies were all negative. Repeating these analyses as correlations with AGA titer across the cohort, a single significant result was found concerning the error rate on the subtle cognitive impairment test, in a direction indicating increased IgG AGA to predict worse performance. This did not survive multiple comparisons correction.

DISCUSSION:
Our analysis is the most comprehensive to date and uses a number of outcome measures known to be sensitive to subtle shifts in neurophysiology and cognition. Incidental AGA does not appear to be associated with any indications of neuropsychological deficit.
Risk of Small Intestine Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Study From a Large Multicenter Database in the United States
Authors: Alsakarneh Saqr , Ahmed Mohamed , Azim Samiya , Hashash Jana G. , Farraye Francis A. , Ghoz Hassan 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The risk of small bowel cancer (SBC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We compared the recent trends of SBC in patients with IBD and stratified them based on disease type.

METHODS:
We used TriNetX database to access the electronic health records for patients with IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) from 2005 to 2024. We used propensity score matching to compare the rate of SBC in patients with IBD, UC, and CD compared with the general population. We adjusted for all known confounders.

RESULTS:
From 2010 to 2024, there was an increasing trend of diagnosed SBC in patients with IBD, with an average annual percentage change of 3.2% (P < 0.001). Patients with CD (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.83; 95% confidence interval: 3.58–6.53; P < 0.0001) had an increased risk of SBC compared with the general population without IBD, as well as patients with UC (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.65–3.14; P < 0.0001). The ileum was the most common location across all subgroups.

DISCUSSION:
Both patients with CD and, interestingly, UC had an elevated risk of developing SBC compared with the general population.
Geologic Map of the Indiana Portions of the 30- by 60-minute Jasper and Tell City Quadrangles
Authors: Tripp Don , Beckham-Feller Valerie , Antinao José Luis , Loope Henry , Rupp Robin , Driscoll Kilauren 
Published: July 2024

The Geologic Map of the Indiana Portions of the 30- x 60-minute Jasper and Tell City Quadrangles displays the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian bedrock and the overlying Quaternary units distributed over five physiographic provinces and eight counties within south-central Indiana. Bedrock units and unconsolidated deposits were characterized by outcrop field observations and new and archived borehole data. Bedrock data was consolidated into a single mapping database, which was then processed using gridding and contouring tools in ArcGIS Pro, resulting in rock formation contact lines, mappable at 1:100,000 scale. Additional information used to delineate contacts for unconsolidated deposits was based on the Indiana Department of Natural Resources water well database and soils data from the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models were also used to identify landforms and refine contacts between surficial units. The mapped bedrock units, from east to west, range in age from the Borden Group (lower Mississippian) to the Raccoon Creek Group (Lower Pennsylvanian) with the strike oriented generally from northwest to southeast. Quaternary sediments were mostly deposited during the last two major advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet into south-central Indiana and are mostly found along valleys in major rivers and streams.
Summary descriptions of mapped units are listed on the map sheet with more detailed descriptions in an accompanying pamphlet. Survey drill hole data points are also displayed on the map with corresponding links to expanded information for each of the drill holes listed in the pamphlet.
In addition to the map and pamphlet, a composite spatial data set that conforms to the standardized database schema known as GeMS (Geologic Map Schema) is also available for download. Both ESRI-licensed geodatabase and open shapefile versions of the spatial data set are available. Metadata records associated with each element within the spatial data set contain detailed descriptions of their purpose, constituent entities, and attributes.
This geologic map was funded in part through the STATEMAP program supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement No. G22AC00424-00.
Innovation via a Thin LMS: A middleware alternative to the traditional learning management system.
Authors: Wells Marc , Lefevre David , Begklis Fotis 
Published: July 2024

This case study describes how a middleware software solution, originally developed to enable course materials to be delivered to tablet devices, eventually replaced an incumbent 'monolithic' LMS at a Business School in the UK. This middleware solution is termed a 'Thin LMS' and consists primarily of software that integrates data and materials from other information systems hosted by the institution. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed and it is proposed that the Thin LMS approach offers a viable alternative to the monolithic LMS in certain institutional contexts.
Spontaneous vascular dysfunction in Dahl salt‐sensitive male rats raised without a high‐salt diet
Authors: Grano de Oro Arturo , Kumariya Sanjana , Mell Blair , Zubcevic Jasenka , Joe Bina , Osman Islam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDahl salt‐sensitive (SS) rats fed a high‐salt diet, but not low‐salt, exhibit vascular dysfunction. Several substrains of SS rats exist that differ in their blood pressure phenotypes and salt sensitivity. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the John‐Rapp‐derived SS rat (SS/Jr), which exhibits spontaneous hypertension on a low‐salt diet, presents with hallmarks of vascular dysfunction observed in another experimental model of hypertension independent of dietary salt, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Endothelium‐intact aortic rings and mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from low‐salt fed adult male SS/Jr rats and SHRs, or their respective controls, for isometric wire myography. Vessels were challenged with cumulative concentrations of various vasoactive substances, in the absence or presence of nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Despite showing some differences in their responses to various vasoactive substances, both SS/Jr rats and SHRs exhibited key features of vascular dysfunction, including endothelial dysfunction and hyperresponsiveness to vasocontractile agonists. In conclusion, this study provides evidence to support the utility of the SS/Jr rat strain maintained on a low‐salt diet as a valid experimental model for vascular dysfunction, a key feature of human hypertension.
Thyroid abscess associated with transient hyperthyroidism in an adolescent girl: a rare case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gaur Bablu K. , Jain Shreyashi , Tandon Aishna , Jain Navya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To report an unusual case of thyroid abscess associated with thyroid dysfunction in an adolescent girl who has a normal anatomic structure of the thyroid gland.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old adolescent girl presented with a history of fever, sore throat, and neck swelling for 10 days duration. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography neck showed findings suggestive of an abscess involving the left lobe of the thyroid gland. She had low TSH and elevated T3 and T4 levels. Here, we report a case of thyroid abscess associated with transient hyperthyroidism in an immunocompetent girl who was successfully managed with parental antibiotics without incision and drainage.

Conclusions
Thyroid abscess can present with hyperthyroidism in children. So it is important to monitor all children who have thyroid abscesses for the development of permanent hypothyroidism later on. It’s important to diagnose this condition as soon as possible and begin antibiotic therapy appropriately.
Metal nanoparticles loaded polyurethane nano-composites and their catalytic/antimicrobial applications: a critical review
Authors: Naseem Khalida , Qayyum Amina , Khalid Awais , Wizrah Maha S.I , Khan Madiha , Aziz Asad , Aldhafeeri Zaid M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) belongs to a unique class of polymers. Different properties of PU such as mechanical strength and biocompatibility can be enhanced by co-polymerizing it with different bio and synthetic polymers. It finds huge applications as micro-reactors for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) owing to the synergistic properties of both polyurethane and fabricated metal nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles fabricated polyurethane have gained much attention in the last few years. These types of nanocomposites hyphenate the mechanical properties of polyurethane with the high surface-to-volume ratio of metal nanoparticles. Here, this review article briefly evaluates different methods of synthesis of polyurethane-based metal nanocomposites and their characterization via different techniques to evaluate their properties. Applications of these polyurethane based nanocomposite materials have also been described critically in different fields depending upon their catalytic, antimicrobial and antifungal potential. Future directions of these nanocomposite materials have also been described in the field of designing of nano-filters and nano-devices in order to attain environmental remediation and sustainability.
Advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma uncovered by persistently elevated procalcitonin in a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Bucci Ines , Di Dalmazi Giulia , Giuliani Cesidio , Russo Paola , Ciappini Beatrice , Amatetti Cristina , Guarino Pierre , Napolitano Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

Summary
We report the case of an 88-year-old man hospitalized for COVID-19 with persistently very high procalcitonin (proCt) levels despite infection resolution. Since proCt is an adjunct tumor marker in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), serum calcitonin (Ct) was also measured showing very high levels. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of a thyroid mass and neck ultrasound revealed a solid isoechoic, inhomogeneous, 50 mm nodule in the right thyroid lobe, extended into the mediastinum. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid nodule confirmed the diagnosis of MTC. An 18F-fluorodopa positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan revealed the presence of distant metastases in ribs, vertebrae, in the right iliac wing and the liver. Since surgery was not feasible, the patient was started on cabozantinib 40 mg/dL. After 16 months the patient is still on cabozantinib at the same dose, he reports complete autonomy in daily life activities, and serum Ct is still elevated; however, the imaging evaluation does not show signs of disease progression.

Learning points

High procalcitonin serum values despite the absence of infection are suggestive of MTC.

Advanced MTC with multiple metastases can have an indolent course and can go unrecognized for years.

Cabozantinib is a valuable option for the treatment of advanced MTC.
GRK2 is critical for the cleavage of the porcine embryo by regulating HSP90 and the AKT pathway
Authors: Zhou Dongjie , Li Xiao-Han , Lee Song-Hee , Kim Ji-Dam , Lee Gyu-Hyun , Sim Jae-Min , Cui Xiang-Shun 
Published: July 2024

In brief
GRK2 deficiency disrupts the early embryonic development in pigs. The regulation of GRK2 on HSP90 and AKT may also play an important role during embryo development and tumor formation.

Abstract
Among the family of GPCR kinases (GRKs) that regulate receptor phosphorylation and signaling termination, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) binds to HSP90 in response to hypoxia or other stresses. In this study, we investigated the effects of GRK2 knockdown and inhibition on porcine embryonic development from the zygote stage. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to determine the localization and expression, respectively, of GRK2 and related proteins. First, GRK2 and p-GRK2 were expressed in both the cytoplasm and membrane and co-localized with HSP90 on the membrane. The mRNA level of GRK2 increased until the 8C-morula stage, suggesting that GRK2 may play an essential role during the early development of the porcine embryos. GRK2 knockdown reduced porcine embryo development capacity and led to significantly decreased blastocyst quality. In addition, inhibition of GRK2 also induced poor ability of embryo development at an early stage, indicating that GRK2 is critical for embryonic cleavage in pigs. Knockdown and inhibition of GRK2 reduced HSP90 expression, AKT activation, and cAMP levels. Additionally, GRK2 deficiency increased LC3 expression, suggesting enhanced autophagy during embryo development. In summary, we showed that GRK2 binds to HSP90 on the membrane to regulate embryonic cleavage and AKT activation during embryonic development in pigs.