bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and orally administered meloxicam in sheep
Authors: Stock Matthew L. , Coetzee Johann F. , KuKanich Butch , Smith Billy I. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after IV and PO administration to 6 healthy sheep.
Animals—6 healthy adult Dorset cross sheep (5 males and 1 female).
Procedures—Meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg, IV, or 1.0 mg/kg, PO) was administered in a randomized crossover design with a 10-day washout period. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times over 96 hours. Serum drug concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Computer software was used to estimate values of pharmacokinetic parameters through noncompartmental methods.
Results—Following IV administration (n = 5), the geometric mean (range) elimination half-life was 14.0 hours (10.5 to 17.0 hours), volume of distribution was 0.204 L/kg (0.171 to 0.272 L/kg), and clearance was 0.17 mL/min/kg (0.12 to 0.27 mL/min/kg). Following oral administration (n = 6), maximum serum concentration was 1.72 μg/mL (1.45 to 1.93 μg/mL), time to maximum serum concentration was 19.0 hours (12.0 to 24.0 hours), clearance per bioavailability was 0.22 mL/min/kg (0.16 to 0.30 mL/min/kg), and terminal half-life was 15.4 hours (13.2 to 17.7 hours). Bioavailability of orally administered meloxicam was calculated as 72% (40% to 125%; n = 5). No adverse effects were evident following meloxicam administration via either route.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Meloxicam administered PO at 1.0 mg/kg has good bioavailability with slow elimination kinetics in sheep. These data suggested that meloxicam may be clinically useful, provided the safety and analgesic efficacy of meloxicam as well as feed-related influences on its pharmacokinetics are established in ruminants.
Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets with NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs / Wpływ DDGS z kukurydzy w mieszankach z udziałem enzymów hydrolizujących NSP na wyniki tuczu, cechy półtuszy oraz jakość mięsa świń
Authors: Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Hanczakowska Ewa , Olszewska Anna 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), used in grower-finisher diets with or without supplemental enzymes, on growth performance and carcass and meat quality was determined in an experiment with 48 pigs. Group I (control) received a standard grain-soybean meal mixture without DDGS and without enzymes; Group II was fed a mixture containing 15% (grower) or 20% (finisher) of corn DDGS but without the enzymes; Group III received a mixture containing 15% (grower) or 20% (finisher) of corn DDGS with NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes (200 g t-1). The feed mixtures were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All pigs were fattened from 30 to 112 kg. At the end of the experiment all pigs were slaughtered, right carcass sides were evaluated and samples of longissimus muscle were taken for analysis. Inclusion of corn DDGS did not significantly affect pig fattening results and meat quality. The addition of NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes to feed mixtures containing corn DDGS tended to positively influence pig performance. The carcasses of pigs receiving the diet with corn DDGS and NSP-hydrolyzing enzymes were characterized by thinner backfat and greater weight of the primal cuts.
Current status of prevalence of yeast-like fungi in the environment of horses bred in Poland / Aktualny status występowania grzybów drożdżopodobnych w środowisku hodowlanym koni w Polsce
Authors: Różański Paweł , Ślaska Brygida , Różańska Dorota 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of the yeast-like fungi population in the healthy horses’ living environment. The study material was sampled from various elements and equipment of a stable. We compared the yeast-like fungi population from the breeding environment of five groups of horses (English Thoroughbred horses, Arabian horses, Polish Half-Bred horses, cold-blooded horses, and Hucul horses and Highland ponies). The samples were collected in the summer and winter period. The laboratory examination involved 260 samples and resulted in identification of yeast-like fungi belonging to 13 species. Over 50% of the samples collected from the horse environment in wintertime and fewer than 18% of the summer samples displayed fungal growth. The largest amounts of yeast fungi were isolated from samples collected from water and feed troughs. The laboratory analysis demonstrated qualitative diversity of the yeast-like fungi population depending on the breeding environment of the individual horse groups. Quantitative differences of isolates were additionally related to the season of the year.
Correlations between habitual physical activity and self-perceived functional fitness, self-sufficiency fitness and health among men over 60 years old
Authors: Szeklicki Robert , Osiński Wiesław , Maciaszek Janusz , Stemplewski Rafał , Salamon Artur 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe study examined whether increased levels of habitual physical activity (HPA) in men over 60, expressed by the volume of energy expenditure in relation to PA, is significantly related to a higher self-assessment of functional fitness, selfdependency fitness and health.MethodsOne hundred and sixty six men over 60 (60–88 years of age) living in Poznań (a large city in Poland) participated in the study. In order to measure actual HPA, a Caltrac accelerometer was used. The results were analysed according to weekly physical activity energy expenditure (PA-EE) values and PA-EE values per kilogram of body weight (PA-EE/kg). A questionnaire was used to estimate self-perceived functional fitness, self-sufficiency fitness and health.ResultsThe study noted higher values of PA-EE and PA-EE/kg in men who positively perceived their functional fitness, self-sufficiency fitness and health.ConclusionsIncreasing the range of everyday activities is one of the potential directions for the development of health prophylaxis.
The evaluation of critical swimming speed in 12-year-old boys
Authors: Zarzeczny Ryszard , Kuberski Mariusz , Deska Agnieszka , Zarzeczna Dorota , Rydz Katarzyna 
Published: April 2013

PurposeIt has been suggested that the critical swimming speed (CSS ) of young swimmers may be estimated by using two timed maximum exertion efforts at distances of 50 and 400 m. The aim of this study was to find out if the estimated CSS for a group of boy swimmers corresponds to the results obtained from a 12-min swim test and to examine if there was a difference whether these tests were completed using different swimming strokes.MethodsThe study was carried out on 24 boys (age 12.2 ± 0.1 y, height 158.0 ± 1.8 cm, weight 47.7 ± 2.2 kg), all of whom were competing at the regional level. The participants were timed completing the 50 and 400 m distances at maximal effort, while the 12-min test was assessed by the total distance swum, all three trials performed in the front crawl and breaststroke.ResultsThe results found a close relationship between CSS determined by the 50 and 400 m distances and the distance covered during the 12-min test for both strokes (breaststroke <i>r</i> = 0.79, <i>p</i> = 0.0000; front crawl <i>r</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> = 0.0000). There were no significant differences between CSS and the mean velocity of the 12-min swim test with swum in the front crawl (0.862 ± 0.027 m • s<sup>–1</sup> and 0.851 ± 0.027 m • s<sup>–1</sup>, respectively); however, CSS was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than the mean velocity found in the 12-min test in the breaststroke (0.769 ± 0.018 m • s<sup>–1</sup> and 0.727 ± 0.022 m • s<sup>–1</sup>, respectively).ConclusionsCSS estimated on the basis of the front crawl but not breaststroke is a good predictor of the average velocity of the 12-min swim test for young male swimmers.
Dependecies between the methods used in identifying player talent in the game of handball
Authors: Machnacz Władysław , Dudkowski Andrzej , Rokita Andrzej 
Published: April 2013

PurposeOne of the basic operational goals of early physical education is the early recognition of athletic potential in children. When examining the presence of talent, it is necessary to consider the specific nature of a given sport, especially if it is a team sport, and the fact that skill in playing a sport is determined not only by featuring a high level of applicable motor abilities. Within this context, the aim of this study was to determine what dependencies existed between the methods frequently used to assess talented children in the game of handball, specifically targeted sports and motor tests. The popularity of these diagnostic methods is based on the theory that achievement in sports is accompanied by a high level of physical ability. Therefore, the practical aim of the study was to improve the accuracy of recognizing and examining sports talent.MethodsA group of 21 twelve-year-old boys were recruited, all of whom were involved in a sports program that specialized in handball. Talent was identified by the observation, analysis, and interpretation of the participants’ (1) general physical ability – assessed by the Eurofit test battery, (2) targeted physical ability – measured by specific hardball skills such as moving with the ball, catching and passing the ball, and throwing the ball from a distance, and (3) innate in-game behavior – based on a ranking of thirteen behavioral categories exhibited during the course of a game.Results and conclusionThe correlation coefficients adopted in this study indicated a high dependency between the three methods used to identify potential talent in handball. This indicates that young athletes who score relatively well in one test are likely to attain positive results in the other two methods.
Step aerobics and rhythm of movement of the upper and lower limbs
Authors: Milewska Joanna , Jaroszczuk Sebastian , Rutkowska-Kucharska Alicja 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this investigation was to look for relationships between the repeatability of forces generated during the movement rhythm present in step aerobics and the movement to a rhythm by the upper and lower limbs alone. As step aerobics requires the symmetric involvement of both the upper and lower limbs, it appears to be important to examine whether a relationship exists between repeatability of a rhythm and a repeatability of forces generated when moving to a rhythm. As step aerobics is considered an endurance activity, the repeatability of the force reproduced by the lower limb muscles may be important in the prevention of injury.MethodsThe study involved using a mock step bench which consisted of two Kistler force plates. The 29 female subjects of the study executed two motor tasks. The first task was hitting the plate with the dominant and the non-dominant upper and lower limb to a musical rhythm. The second task consisted in performing the basic step of step aerobics on the bench. The rhythm in both tasks was dictated by the beat of a metronome.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between respectability of producing a rhythm by the dominant and non-dominant upper and lower limbs. No correlation was found between the rhythm reproduction error of the limbs and the accuracy of moving to a rhythm during the step aerobics task. This second task was characterized by a high repeatability of the generated forces and a high variability in following a musical rhythm.ConclusionsBody mass does not influence the force generated during rhythm reproduction with the upper and lower limbs. During step walking, the study participants were characterized with a high repeatability of generated force and also by a high variability in following a musical rhythm.
Study of Host Preference and the Comparison of some Biological Characteristcs of Bemisia Tabasi (Genn) on Tomato Varieties
Authors: Fekri Masoomeh Samareh , Samih Mohammad Amin , Imani Sohrab , Zarabi Mehdi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The resistance of 8 tomato varieties to cotton white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was evaluated in four greenhouse experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 8 treatments, and 5 replications). In the other experiments, we evaluated the no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, 4 treatments, and 4 replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with four replications. The percentage mortality of immature stages was also determined (randomized blocks with four replications). In the free-choice test, the tomato variety Rio Grande was the most attractive to adults, while the variety Cheffalat had the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, the variety CAL-JN3 presented the lowest number of eggs, while the variety Ergon presented the highest number of eggs. In the no-choice test, the varieties Chef-falat and CAL-JN3 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two varieties non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 26.02 days (Ergon) to 26.66 days (CAL-JN3). The total mortality varied from 20.52 (Ergon) to 33.97 (CAL-JN3). Considering all the characteristics, the variety CAL-JN3 was the most resistant to B. tabaci among all the tomato varieties studied, while variety Ergon was susceptible.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Proteus, Pymetrozine, Deltamethrin, and Pirimicarb on Lady Beetle Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Col.: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Almasi Ali , Sabahi Qodrat , Talebi Khalil , Mardani Ardavan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program requires selecting and using chemicals which are least harmful to natural enemies. In this study, the acute toxicity of the recommended field concentration of four conventional insecticides was evaluated in reference to the different life stages (L3, L4 and adult) of the variegated lady beetle Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The evaluated insecticides were Proteus, pymetrozine, deltamethrin, and pirimicarb. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used as the experimental design. The means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD). The mortalities of those predators treated with the field recommended concentrations of various insecticides, were significantly different. Proteus showed strong toxicity toward the different life stages of the predator. However, pymetrozine and pirimicarb caused less than a 50% mortality. Based on the lethal concentration (LC50) values at 24 h after treatment, the adult predator was the most susceptible to proteus, followed by deltamethrin, pymetrozine, and pirimicarb values of 35.977, 358.757, 915.667, and 2616.113. Based on sublethal concentrations (LC30), these values were 22.718, 261.957, 569.879, and 1521.424. Based on International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) classification, the insecticides pirimicarb and pymetrozine were both categorized as having a Class 1 toxicity level (harmless), deltamethrin as having a Class 2 level (slightly harmful), and Proteus, a Class 4 toxicity level (harmful).
The correlation between the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma and tumour response and survival after preoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Oblak Irena , Velenik Vaneja , Anderluh Franc , Mozina Barbara , Ocvirk Janja 
Published: April 2013

Background.The aim of this study was to analyse whether the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1 is associated with the tumour response and survival to preoperative radiochemotherapy in rectal cancer patients.Patients and methods.Ninety-two patients with histologically confirmed non-metastatic rectal cancer of clinical stage I- III were treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy, surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. Plasma TIMP-1 concentrations were measured prior to the start of the treatment with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results.Median follow-up time was 68 months (range: 3-93 months) while in survivors it was 80 months (range: 68-93 months). The 5-year locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients were 80.2%, 56.4%, 63.7% and 52.2%, respectively. The median TIMP-1 level was 185 ng/mL (range: 22-523 ng/mL) and the mean level (±standard deviation) was 192 (±87) ng/mL. Serum TIMP-1 levels were found to be significantly increased in patients with preoperative CRP>12 mg/L and in those who died from rectal cancer or had cT4 tumours. No correlation was established for age, gender, carcinoembriogenic antigene (CEA) level, platelets count, histopathological grade, response to preoperative therapy, resectability and disease reappearance. On univariate analysis, various parameters favourably influenced one or more survival endpoints: TIMP-1 <170 ng/mL, CRP <12 mg/L, platelets count <290 10E9/L, CEA <3.4mg/L, age <69 years, male gender, early stage disease (cN0 and/or cT2-3), radical surgery (R0) and response to preoperative radiochemotherapy. In multivariate model, LRC was favourably influenced by N-downstage, DFS by lower CRP and N-downstage, DSS by lower CRP and N-downstage and OS by lower TIMP-1 level, lower CRP and N-downstage.Conclusions.Although we did not find any association between pretreatment serum TIMP-1 levels and primary tumour response to preoperative radiochemotherapy in our cohort of patients with rectal cancer, TIMP-1 levels were recognized as an independent prognostic factor for OS in these patients.
Analysis and evaluation of defensive team strategies in women’s beach volleyball – an efficiency-based approach
Authors: Seweryniak Tomasz , Mroczek Dariusz , Łukasik Łukasz 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate beach volleyball defensive strategies in terms of how often various tactics were employed, their effectiveness, reliability, and overall efficiency based on a sample of elite female volleyball players.MethodsA sample of 746 defensive actions performed by various teams that competed in the 2008 Summer Olympic Games (Beijing, China), the 2009 World Championships (Stavanger, Norway), and the 2009 and 2010 Swatch FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour (Stare Jabłonki, Poland; Seoul, South Korea) were analyzed in terms of what defensive systems were employed and their outcomes.ResultsFourteen different defensive systems were used by the teams during defensive play. Out of the fourteen systems, four accounted for almost 75% of all defensive action. The most commonly used defense strategies were selected for more detailed analysis in terms of their activity, effectiveness, and reliability.ConclusionsOne defensive system in particular was found to be the most prominent in terms of being the most commonly used as well as efficient among all of the observed systems; high-level teams should place additional focus on mastering this system. Nevertheless, effective team strategy should also include less commonly used systems as a way to take an opponent by surprise by the use of non-standard strategy.
Participation in computer games vs. coordination motor abilities and body composition in boys from rural areas of poland
Authors: Sterkowicz Stanisław , Jaworski Janusz 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe present study attempted to determine the effect of the number of hours spent playing computer games per week on somatic characteristics and the performance of selected coordination motor abilities.MethodsNinety-seven prepubertal boys from rural areas of southern Poland were recruited. Selected coordination motor abilities were assessed by use of computer tests and a questionnaire was administered to determine the amount of time spent playing computer games. Basic somatic characteristics such as body height, body mass, body fat percentage (%PF), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Descriptive statistics were calculated mean and standard deviation ( x, <i>sd</i>) for the studied coordination abilities and somatic characteristics. One-way ANOVA for independent samples was employed to determine the differentiation between the results of the studied variables depending on the mean numbers of hours spent playing computer games per week.ResultsAnalysis revealed statistically significant differences between the results and the number of hours spent playing games, specifically for kinesthetic differentiation, spatial orientation, and the speed, accuracy, and precision of movements (in the number of committed errors). The lowest somatic characteristics including BMI was observed in the group of boys who spent the least amount of time playing computer games.ConclusionsIt was found playing computer games 8 to 11 hours a week positively affected coordination motor ability, although individuals who played more than this amount of computer games had a higher incidence to be overweight or obese.
Assessing Landscape Sensitivity Based on Fragmentation Caused by the Artificial Barriers in Hungary
Authors: Bata Teodóra , Mezősi Gábor 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Artificial barriers significantly disturb the landscape unit. Roads split the contiguous landscape units, thus basically modi fying their ecological characters. The more artificial barriers are constructed in the landscape, the more fragmented it is. Theref ore, the contiguous landscape unit is divided into two or more patches, weakening resilience and stability of ecological systems. During decrease in patch size, the stability reduces until the patch size is at its minimum viable or effective population size. In current study analysing the degree of fragmentation caused by artificial barriers in meso-scale landscape units (meso-regions) we can get an overall picture about changes in their stability and sensitivity. The major aims of this study is to investigate the fragmentation of landscape units caused by three types of artificial barriers (roads, railways and settlements) in micro-regions, and to measure the degree of fragmentation and its spatial-temporal (1990, 2011 and future scenario to 2027) changes using mathemat ical/ statistical analysis and landscape metrics (Number of Patches, Division, Landscape Splitting Index and Effective Mesh Size). By calculating landscape fragmentation metrics, the micro-regions are identified, which must be protected with high priority in the future. In the planning processes, type and position of artificial barriers could be more properly determined by calculation of these landscape metrics.