bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GenAI language corpora in foreign language teaching: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Shults O. E. , Pervova G. M. , Hausmann-Ushkova N. V. 
Published: July 2024

Importance. Corpora have proven itself over the years as an effective tool in foreign language teaching. The current stage of technological development is characterized by the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into all spheres of society. One of the modern programs based on generative artificial intelligence is ChatGPT, which creates answers based on a huge array of data. The processes underlying the functioning of ChatGPT are similar to corpora technologies, which determines the possibility of using ChatGPT as a language corpus. The purpose of the study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT when used as a language corpus.Research Methods. In the course of the research, the following theoretical methods were used: the study and analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, generalization and classification of conceptual approaches of scientists. As a result of comparing the corpora technologies and the ChatGPT neural network according to nine main criteria, the advantages and disadvantages of each of the programs were identified and described.Results and Discussion. The comparison of corpora technologies and the ChatGPT neural network according to nine main criteria showed that corpora technologies are the preferred choice in mastering lexical and grammatical skills; ChatGPT is preferable when a teacher is in need for quickly prepared training tasks and when teaching students with a lower level of cognitive abilities and foreign language proficiency.Conclusion. ChatGPT neural network can be used in the process of learning a foreign language as a language corpus. However, the application of the program will not always be advisable, and should depend on the training task. The results of the study can be used to develop methods for teaching aspects of language based on corpus-based artificial intelligence technologies.
Revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province 1918–1922
Authors: Parakhin S. A. 
Published: July 2024

Importance. Reforming the public administration system is impossible without analyzing and taking into account the historical experience of the activities of punitive authorities. Revolutionary tribunals, created as a weapon in the fight against opponents of the Bolshevik regime, became a form of legitimization of state violence. Studying the mechanism of functioning of these bodies of the Soviet system has important heuristic significance, along with the need for public understanding of the role of repression in the fight against social protest. Modern scientific publications testify to the attention of researchers to this problem. An analysis of the historiography of the issue gives grounds to assert that a promising direction in the study of the topic of “revolutionary justice” is the analysis of the activities of provincial revolutionary tribunals, as well as clarification of the nature of their relationships with other repressive authorities.Materials and Methods. The source base for this work consists of materials identified in the funds of central and local archives and introduced into scientific circulation, most of them for the first time. The documents used made it possible to study the process of organization and practical activities of revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province of the period 1918–1922. Factual material related to the struggle of these bodies with peasant protest is extracted from materials of local periodicals. The work used a systematic approach, as well as general scientific and historical research methods.Results and Discussion. An analysis of the process of creating revolutionary tribunals in the Tambov province is carried out. Their place and functionality in the management system, as well as the criteria for personnel selection of their employees, are established. The role of the military revolutionary tribunal in the fight against mass desertion is studied. The nature of the relationship between the provincial regional tribunal and the local Cheka is clarified. Based on investigative materials and sentences, the nature of the charges and penalties applied to peasants, participants in rural “rebellions”, as well as food workers who committed violence during the seizure of grain are established. The repressive activities of the Tambov provincial RVT and its visiting sessions to combat and prosecute both armed rebels and the civilian population of the village assisting them are considered.Conclusion. Based on a wide range of archival and other sources, it is established that the activities of the revolutionary tribunals of the Tambov province in the period 1918–1922 was punitive in nature and aimed at suppressing anti-government protest.
Mademoiselle de Montpensier: female politician and military leader during the Fronde
Authors: Malakhova S. I. 
Published: July 2024

Importance. The history of women, the interest in which in national and foreign historiography does not wane, is a pressing problem for historians studying the Fronde in France (1648–1653). During the Civil War, active aristocratic women had the opportunity to express themselves as politicians and even as military leaders on an equal basis with men, and sometimes even overshadow them. An example of this is Mademoiselle de Montpensier who left a detailed account of her enterprises in her Memoirs. They are the main source of this research work and are supplemented by information from the “Memoirs” of another participant in the Fronde, Cardinal de Retz. The purpose of the work is to evaluate her actions in political and military events during the Fronde, to find out the reasons why the Duchess was able to become a political and military leader at a time when women did not have the right to be ministers or generals.Research Methods. To study the materials within the «Memoirs», methods of social history, the study of sources of personal origin, and historical and comparative methods are used.Results and Discussion. The analysis of the sources used shows that Princess de Montpensier was by no means a typical frondeur – her goals, means, and motivations were different from those used by many other “rebels”. Many aristocratic women became “oppositionists” for economic reasons – they joined parties in order to achieve personal goals, which were often selfish. The princess, young, active, physically strong and healthy, received a rich inheritance and solved political and military problems during the Fronde. The combination of personal qualities, wealth and high position in society gave her the opportunity to become the most famous and active frontwoman.Conclusion. To summarize, it should be noted that the memoirist purposefully sought to participate in the political life of France in the mid-17th century. and achieved success. She became a more significant politician than her father, Gaston d’Orleans, and took a significant part in the activities of the party of the Prince de Condé and in the campaigns of his army.
Does Geopolitical Risk Alleviates “Sticky” cost behavior of firms? Evidence from India
Authors: Srivast Samridhi , T Guruprasath , Das Seshanwita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This research explores how geopolitical risk (GPR) influences the consistent cost patterns of companies. Using linear regression on data from 11,180 firm-year observations in India from 2011 to 2020, the study discovers that rising GPR reduces the asymmetry in firms' cost behavior. Additionally, it shows that financial constraints diminish the effectiveness of GPR in moderating the "sticky" cost behavior of firms. The results imply that GPR encourages companies to adopt more cautious cost management strategies to mitigate the risk of bankruptcy.
Utilization of quarry dust and periwinkle shell ash in concrete production
Authors: Njoku Chioma Emmanuella , Ekeleme Anthony Chibuzo , Ekwueme Benjamin Nnamdi , Onuoha Chukwudike , Onuzulike Ebube Prince , Chibundu Wisdom , Okon Kooffreh , Ozoh Chibuike Christopher 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The usage of plentiful raw discarded resources in the manufacturing of concrete has proven to be a sustainable and environmentally beneficial method of making concrete for a variety of purposes. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made by partially and fully substituting fine aggregates and ordinary Portland cement with periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 100%), respectively, were examined. The ratio of water to cement utilized for the concrete mixture, 1:2:4 was 0.60. Fresh concrete underwent a slump test, and then 150-mm cubes of cured concrete were subjected to density, compressive strength tests, and morphological and structural property characterizations. The concrete without the waste materials gave an optimum compressive strength of 22.9 N/mm2 as opposed to those that were partially replaced, having 18.8–15.1 N/mm2. The concrete samples with full replacements of periwinkle shell ash and quarry dust have compressive strengths lower than 13.8 N/mm2. All the concrete samples produced with partial and full replacements are in the class of normal concrete, but only those with partial replacements of up to 20% can be utilized for load-bearing and non-load-bearing applications. Opting for these alternative waste materials implies taking steps towards creating a cleaner and healthier planet for now and the future.
State-of-the-art on Impact and Explosion behaviour of concrete structures –Rilem Committee TC 288 Impact and Explosion
Authors: Prisco Marco di , Cadoni Ezio , Caldentey Alejandro Pérez , Caverzan Alessio , Colombo Matteo , Dancygier Avraham , Grisaro Hezi , Martinelli Paolo , Ozbolt Josko , Pająk Małgorzata , Weerheijm Jaap 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Extreme loads can arise from accidents such as vehicle collisions or airplane crashes, as well as deliberate acts of terrorism or military attacks involving blasts and fragmentation. Blast overpressure can also occur accidentally, for example, from explosions of hazardous materials such as gas. Distinguishing between accidental and deliberate loads is crucial for designing appropriate protection measures. The repercussions of extreme loading events can be devastating, leading to injuries, loss of life, economic setbacks, and significant social disruption. These consequences result not only from the direct effects of impacts or explosions but also from secondary factors such as structural collapse, which is particularly concerning due to its potential for widespread devastation and substantial losses. Efforts to enhance the protection of concrete structures have focused on understanding the properties of construction materials and how structures respond to impact and blast loads. This document presents a comprehensive overview of RILEM TC 288 “Impact and Explosion,” aiming to provide essential guidance for designing concrete structures to withstand extreme dynamic loads. This emphasizes the importance of a thorough understanding and accurate modelling of loading scenarios and material behaviour. By implementing the strategies outlined in this document, engineers can enhance the safety and resilience of structures facing such challenges.
Severe and enduring eating disorders - Anorexia Nervosa. An exploration of beliefs, methods, and obstacles in the approach
Authors: Schut Laura , Godschalk Marc , Jong Martie de 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: There is an upcoming need to improve care for people suffering from severe and enduring eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (SEED-AN). Current specialism programmes haveminimal effects on persistent issues pertaining to weight, food, and body shape and lead to despondency, therapy dropout and poor quality of life. Aim: A deeper understanding of this topic may lead to better support for SEED-AN. Flexible assertive community treatment (F-ACT) professionals are specialists that offer treatment to people with severe and enduring psychiatric symptoms. SEED-AN individuals might benefit from such support.
Methods: thematic analysis was used. Professionals were interviewed in focus groups mainly; patients were interviewed individually.
Results: Professional respondents’ perspective: 1.) A knowledge gap exists concerning eating disorders and SE-ANs, 2.) Predominant assumptions, 3.) Difficulties in cooperation, 4.) Lack of autonomy with respect topolicymakers. Patient respondents’ perspectives: 1.) F-ACT care is adequate, 2.) Cooperation with other caregivers, 3.) Ambivalence in recovery.
Conclusion: Collaboration between F-ACT and specializing in eating disorders may provide better support for SEED-AN individuals. Discussion: A patient-centered model (resource group model) promotes collaboration between all involvedindividuals. The reinforcement of strengths is expected, and SEED-AN individuals may benefit from such collaboration.
Using Hidden Markov Modelling to Reveal In-session Stages in Text-based Counselling
Authors: FU Ziru , Hsu Yu Cheng , Chan Christian S. , Liu Joyce , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Counselling sessions have multiple stages, each with its themes and objectives. This study aimed to apply Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to analyse counselling sessions from Open Up, an online text-based counselling platform in Hong Kong. The focus was on inferring latent stages over word distributions and evaluating counselling outcomes. Transcripts from 1,380 sessions were categorized into more satisfying sessions (\(n=\text{1,132}\)) and less satisfying sessions (\(n=248\)) based on post-session surveys. A message-level HMM identified five distinct stages: Rapport-building, Problem-identification, Problem-exploration, Problem-solving, and Wrapping-up. Compared with less satisfying sessions, more satisfying sessions saw significantly more efficient initial rapport building (5·7% of time) and problem introduction (20·6%), in-depth problem exploration (26·3%), focused solution development (48·3%), and concise conclusion (7·3%). This study offers insights for improving the efficiency and satisfaction of online counselling services through efficient initial engagement, thorough issue exploration, and focused problem-solving.
Enhancing implementation of information and communication technologies for post-discharge care among hospitalized older adult patients: development of a multifaceted strategy package using the Behavior Change Wheel and Implementation Research Logic Model
Authors: Wang Dorothy Yingxuan , Wong Eliza Lai-Yi , Cheung Annie Wai-Ling , Tam Zoe Pui-Yee , Tang Kam-Shing , Yeoh Eng-Kiong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in clinical practice can supplement traditional care pathways on discharge education and has exhibited evident benefits in improving patient health outcomes. However, healthcare providers have reported difficulties in adopting such technologies. The existing evidence on interventions supporting the implementation of ICTs is insufficient, characterized by infrequent utilization or reporting of implementation theories in intervention designs. This study aims to outline the creation of a theory-informed strategy package to enhance the clinical implementation of ICTs for post-discharge self-care among hospitalized older adults.
Methods
This study systematically applies the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) approach, involving behavior diagnosis, identification of intervention options, and intervention content selection, informed by conceptual frameworks, empirical data, and relevant literature. Additionally, the Implementation Research Logic Model is utilized to synthesize, organize, and visually present the collected data.
Results
This structured process identified and selected five intervention functions, 11 behavior change techniques, and four policy categories. A multifaceted strategy package was developed, containing four components: (i) flexible and sustainable training, (ii) mass media and opinion leader campaign, (iii) technology and workflow redesign, and (iv) regular corporate-level audit and feedback.
Conclusions
The study addresses the incomplete evidence base for interventions supporting clinical ICT implementation, presenting a practical, evaluable, and scalable theory-informed strategy package. By providing an example of the application of the BCW approach and logic model, this study contributes to the knowledge on implementation intervention design, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to improve healthcare providers' behavior change and post-discharge care management with technology-based interventions.
Assessment of Measured Time Averaged Global and Regional Temperatures Including the Year 2023 and Determination of CO2 Sensitivities
Authors: Timm Wolf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

As an extension of earlier investigations on the development of global temperature increase in the last 60 years an update is given as the temperatures for 2023 are now available and as a major update of NOAA temperature data is also available. The relationship between global temperature increase and the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG) is assessed by a simple statistical analysis of measured data (based on 20/21-year averaging). A purely empirically derived (transient) relationship for the last 60+ years, covering an interval of roughly 100 ppm CO2 plus equivalent other greenhouse gases, is calculated. Five different global temperature data bases are analyzed, all data sets show a rather strict linear behavior (standard error relative to straight line ~1-2% for twelve 20/21-year-averaged values) of temperature vs. CO2. An average value for this empirical “CO2 sensitivity” of the global temperature is around 0.011 °C/ppm CO2 (temperature including equivalent GHG and other effects). It is shown that this finding is equivalent to a similar linear relationship documented in the AR6 report of the IPPC (temperature vs. cumulative CO2 emissions). There are deviations from linearity when considering only global land and global ocean. The ratio of temperature increase of land to global seems to be higher than indicated in the AR6 report, at least in the last 50 years (more than 1.6). In addition, also “CO2 sensitivities” are calculated for many regions on earth. In the North of Asia/Europe, the temperature increase is even accelerated as a function of CO2.
RL-JSO: A Hybrid Q-Learning and Jellyfish Search Optimizer for Task Scheduling in Smart Homes Using a Fog-Assisted Cloud Architecture
Authors: BHAKHAR RUCHIKA , Chhillar Rajender Singh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Smart homes are becoming increasingly complex with the increase in the number of various sensors and connected devices. This complexity introduces challenges in task scheduling that ensures optimal performance and user satisfaction. Traditional cloud-based solutions, widely used for data processing and task scheduling, face limitations in meeting the real-time demands of smart home applications. To address the challenges inherent in smart home environments, fog computing has emerged as an innovative paradigm for optimizing task scheduling. This paper presents a fog-cloud framework for task scheduling in smart home environments. It also introduces a hybrid algorithm which uses Q-learning and jellyfish search optimizer. The proposed framework classifies the users’ tasks based on their sensitivity to latency. Real-time tasks are allotted to the fog layer, which consists of strategically placed fog computing nodes within the smart home environment, while non-real-time tasks are forwarded to the cloud layer for processing. The hybrid algorithm developed by integrating Q-learning and jellyfish search optimizer is dynamic in nature, ensures minimal latency. The simulation study conducted in MATLAB shows the better performance of Reinforcement Learning based Jellyfish search optimizer (RL-JSO) over existing algorithms in terms of execution time, energy consumption, load ratio and resource utilization metrics.
Predicting cognitive decline in prodromal synucleinopathies using clinical markers and machine learning
Authors: Berrada Loubna Mekki , Dehgan Arthur , Postuma Ronald , Harel Yann , Abdelhedi Hamza , Montplaisir Jacques , Jerbi Karim , Gagnon Jean-François 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Neuroprotective interventions for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still in their early days. Clinical trials are expected to target idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), their strongest predictor. However, the presentation and progression of symptoms within this population show significant heterogeneity. We used machine learning (ML) to identify the clinical markers that are best at distinguishing iRBD patients (n=156) who developed DLB (n=26) from those who developed PD (n=34) at a mean follow-up of 4.37 years. Our model classified subsequent conversion to DLB versus PD with 0.80 accuracy, with mild cognitive impairment as best predictive feature. Cognitive tests of executive functions and verbal learning also played a major role in classifying other related pathological trajectories. These findings support the use of ML with clinical markers in iRBD, paving the way for a more targeted selection of participants in future neuroprotective trials of synucleinopathies.
Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa enhance soil microbial composition, enzyme activities, and chemical properties in nutrient-deficient small-scale sugarcane plantation soils
Authors: Ngonini Emihle , Magadlela Anathi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Vicia sativa and Vicia villosa are nitrogen (N) fixing legumes commonly used as forage and cover crops due to their ability to enhance N fixation, soil N contributions, and enzyme activities in nutrient-deficient soils. Using V. sativa and V. villosa as cover crops can potentially improve nutrient cycling in nutrient-deficient sugarcane plantations owned by small-scale growers (SSGs) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study investigated the chemical and biological inputs of V. sativa and V. villosa in nutrient-deficient sugarcane plantation soils. The nutrient concentration, N and phosphorus (P) cycling bacteria, and extracellular enzyme activities of soils collected from five small-scale sugarcane plantations were determined pre-planting and post-V. sativa and V. villosa harvest. Post-V. sativa and V. villosa soils had higher pH levels than pre-planting soils across all plantation soils. The number of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from soils post-V. sativa and V. villosa harvest increased across all plantation soils. The Arthrobacter, Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia Pseudomonas were the most dominant genera isolated from post-harvest soils. The number of P-solubilising bacteria increased, increasing acid phosphatase activities. The findings of this study reveal that V. sativa and V. villosa increase PGPR, pH and enzyme activities in soils, making them sustainable options as cover crops for nutrient-deficient sugarcane plantation soils owned by SSGs.