bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET‐CT and the detection of the asymptomatic recurrence or second primary lesions in the treated head and neck cancer patient
Authors: Dunsky Katherine A. , Wehrmann Daniel J. , Osman Medhat M. , Thornberry Brandon M. , Varvares Mark A. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe role of follow‐up and the detection of recurrent or new primary disease in cancer management remains to be defined. Specifically, the effectiveness and impact on survival of imaging studies that detects disease before it is symptomatic or noted on exam is unknown.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on a series of head and neck cancer patients (n = 123), at a single institution from February 18, 2004 to July 9, 2007, who had undergone nonstaging 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computing tomography (FDG PET‐CT) scans as an integral part of the patient's follow‐up after definitive treatment. Each scan (n = 308) was evaluated by a board‐certified nuclear medicine physician, and final scan readings from each patient's medical record were reviewed for this study.ResultsOf the 123 patients in the study, 24 (20%) were noted to have asymptomatic lesions (either recurrent or new primaries) indicated on PET/CT (8% of surveillance scans) at an average interval of 35.7 weeks posttreatment. Asymptomatic lesions were detected most frequently at distant sites, with 50% being thoracic, but also included were primary (9%), regional (9%), and other distant (32%) sites. At last follow‐up of the 24 patients in whom an asymptomatic lesion was detected, 14 patients have died of disease; 10 patients remain alive, four with disease; and one patient had a subsequent recurrence treated and is currently disease‐free.ConclusionPET‐CT scanning is an effective tool for detecting asymptomatic disease in patients previously treated for head and neck cancer. Unfortunately, even with early detection of recurrent disease, the mortality rate remains high.Level of Evidence2B. Laryngoscope, 123:2161–2164, 2013
Modelling Structure Activity Landscapes with Cliffs: a Kernel Regression‐Based Approach
Authors: Tebby Cleo , Mombelli Enrico 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (QSAR) models are increasingly used in hazard and risk assessment. Even when models with linear relationships between activity and a small number of descriptors are built and validated regarding predictivity and statistical assumptions, similar structures can exhibit large differences in activity known as similarity paradoxes or activity cliffs. In order to reduce the impact that similarity paradoxes can have on predictions we have devised a statistical method based on Nadaraya‐Watson kernel regression. According to our method, activity cliffs filter out contributions of neighbouring chemicals especially along the cliff axis. Our method decreases density‐based certainty in particular for chemicals with strong prediction errors and the implementation of Structure‐Activity Landscape Index (SALI) curves shows that our method improves the prediction of activity cliff ranks. We also provide useful indications on the density‐based applicability domain and the reliability of individual predictions.
Solvability of reaction–diffusion model with variable exponents
Authors: Shangerganesh Lingeshwaran , Balachandran Krishnan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this article, we study the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution of a degenerate reaction–diffusion parabolic system with variable exponents. This model describes the spread of epidemic diseases with a nonlinear diffusion operator. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time motion correction in two‐dimensional multislice imaging with through‐plane navigator
Authors: Lin Wei , Nielsen Tim , Qin Qin , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Wei Juan , Huang Feng , Duensing George R. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo develop a new real‐time strategy to detect and correct for full three‐dimensional rigid‐body motion in two‐dimensional multislice magnetic resonance imaging scans.MethodsTwo through‐plane navigator echoes collected on each imaging slice are used to reconstruct two orthogonal through‐plane navigator projection images both perpendicular to the imaged slices, within each repetition time. Rotation/translation within each through‐plane navigator image plane is detected using a regional image correlation measure that is robust against unaccounted orthogonal rotation and noise. An additional orbital navigator is used to detect rotation within the imaging plane and to reject intrarepetition time motion in real time.ResultsThe efficacy of the proposed method was demonstrated with in vivo brain studies.ConclusionThe proposed real‐time three‐dimensional motion correction method does not introduce any additional three‐dimensional radiofrequency excitation and does not require any additional hardware. Magn Reson Med 71:1995–2005, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterisation of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC–TOF/IT/MS in Buds and Open Flowers of ‘Chemlali’ Olive Cultivar
Authors: Taamalli Amani , Abaza Leila , Arráez Román David , Segura Carretero Antonio , Fernández Gutiérrez Alberto , Zarrouk Mokhtar , Ben Youssef Nabil 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionPlant phenolics are secondary metabolites that constitute one of the most widely occurring groups of phytochemicals that play several important functions in plants. In olive (Olea europaea L), there is not enough information about the occurrence of these compounds in buds and flowers.ObjectiveTo conduct a comprehensive characterisation of buds and open flowers from the olive cultivar ‘Chemlali’.MethodsThe polar fraction of buds and open flowers was extracted using solid–liquid extraction with hydro‐alcoholic solvent. Then extracts were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI/TOF/MS) and electrospray ionisation ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/IT/MS2) operating in negative ion mode.ResultsPhenolic compounds from different classes including secoiridoids, flavonoids, simple phenols, cinnamic acid derivatives and lignans were tentatively identified in both extracts. Qualitatively, no significant difference was observed between flower buds and open flowers extracts. However, quantitatively the secoiridoids presented higher percentage of total phenols in open flowers (41.7%) than in flower buds (30.5%) in contrast to flavonoids, which decreased slightly from 38.1 to 26.7%. Cinnamic acid derivatives and simple phenols did not show any change. Lignans presented the lowest percentage in both extracts with an increase during the development of the flower bud to open flower.ConclusionThe HPLC–TOF/IT/MS allowed the characterisation, for the first time, of the phenolic profile of extracts of ‘Chemlali’ olive buds and open flowers, proving to be a very useful technique for the characterisation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Six Sigma Culture and TPM Framework to Improve Manufacturing Performance in SMEs
Authors: Kumar Sharma Rajiv , Gopal Sharma Rajan 
Published: June 2013

Worldwide, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been accepted as the engine of economic growth, especially in the emerging economies, and for promoting equitable development their contribution as a component to nation's infrastructure is relatively high. Global competition forces SMEs to improve their competitiveness by enhancing their manufacturing performance. Hence, they have to pay attention to the reliability of their production processes as well as their commitment to quality management practices. In present times, because of automation and large‐scale mechanization, higher plant availability, better product quality and longer equipment life had assumed considerable significance among the SMEs.In order to meet the above challenges, adoption and practice of proactive maintenance strategies along with execution of best management practices, i.e. lean Six Sigma (LSS), has become essential for organizations to bring down maintenance and production costs. As evident from literature, both total productive maintenance (TPM) and Six Sigma are key business process strategies employed by SMEs to enhance their manufacturing performance. However, whilst there is significant research information available on implementing these systems in an independent manner, there is little information available relating to the integration of these approaches to provide a unified and highly effective implementation framework. The purpose of this paper is thus to develop an integrated model based on Six Sigma and TPM framework focusing on adding performance indicators. The goals of the study were achieved by utilizing various tools such as ‘brainstorming sessions, pareto analysis fish‐bone diagrams, histograms, FMEA, box plots, control charts and process capability plots for analysis’. While implementation of such twin framework requires greater management commitment in terms of training, resources and integration, they are also expected to provide higher levels of equipment and plant performance as evident from the results. The results show significant improvement in OEE level (Before 50, 54 and after 76, 83 for M/C –I and M/c‐II), reduction in rework (from 22% to 10%), reduction in maintenance versus operation cost (from 30% to 10%) and reduction in defect rate (from 24.82% to 5%) and average outgoing quality level (from 30% to 5%). The substantial improvement in sigma level from 2.16 and 2.64 to 4.01 and 4.12 for M/C –I and M/C‐II resulted in financial savings of approximately $2 m per annum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PREDICTING HABITAT RESPONSE TO FLOW USING GENERALIZED HABITAT MODELS FOR TROUT IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN STREAMS
Authors: Wilding T. K. , Bledsoe B. , Poff N. L. , Sanderson J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDams and water diversions can dramatically alter the hydraulic habitats of stream ecosystems. Predicting how water depth and velocity respond to flow alteration is possible using hydraulic models, such as Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM); however, such models are expensive to implement and typically describe only a short length of stream (102 m). If science is to keep pace with development, then more rapid and cost‐effective models are needed. We developed a generalized habitat model (GHM) for brown and rainbow trout that makes similar predictions to PHABSIM models but offers a demonstrated reduction in survey effort for Colorado Rocky Mountain streams. This model combines the best features of GHMs developed elsewhere, including the options of desktop (no‐survey) or rapid‐survey models. Habitat–flow curves produced by PHABSIM were simplified to just two site‐specific components: (i) Q95h (flow at 95% of maximum habitat) and (ii) Shape. The Shape component describes the habitat–flow curves made dimensionless by dividing flow increments by Q95h and dividing habitat (weighted usable area) increments by maximum habitat. Both components were predicted from desktop variables, including mean annual flow, using linear regression. The rapid‐survey GHM produced better predictions of observed habitat than the desktop GHM (rapid‐survey model explained 82–89% variance for independent validation sites; desktop 68–85%). The predictive success of these GHMs was similar to other published models, but survey effort to achieve that success was substantially reduced. Habitat predicted by the desktop GHM (using geographic information system data) was significantly correlated with the abundance of large brown trout (p < 0.01) but not smaller trout. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating security mechanisms into embedded systems by domain‐specific modelling
Authors: Vasilevskaya Maria , Gunawan Linda Ariani , Nadjm‐Tehrani Simin , Herrmann Peter 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTEmbedded devices are crucial enablers of the Internet of Things and become increasingly common in our daily life. They store, manipulate and transmit sensitive information and, therefore, must be protected against security threats. Due to the security and also resource constraint concerns, designing secure networked embedded systems is a difficult task. Model‐based development (MBD) is promoted to address complexity and ease the design of software intensive systems. We leverage MBD and domain‐specific modelling to characterise common issues related to security and embedded systems that are specific to a given application domain. Security‐specific knowledge relevant for a certain application domain is represented in the form of an adapted information security ontology. Further, the elements of the ontology are associated with security building blocks modelled with the MBD method SPACE. The selection of relevant security building blocks is based on (i) assets automatically elicited from the functional models, (ii) domain security knowledge captured by the security expert and (iii) the platform adopted by the embedded system engineer. A tool is developed to support the steps supporting this methodology and help to bridge between the security and embedded systems domains. We illustrate our approach with a case study from the smart metering domain. © 2013 The Authors. Security and Communication Networks published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secure universal designated verifier identity‐based signcryption
Authors: Lin Changlu , Tang Fei , Ke Pinhui , Harn Lein , Zhang Shengyuan 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn 2003, Steinfeld et al. introduced the notion of universal designated verifier signature (UDVS), which allows a signature holder, who receives a signature from the signer, to convince a designated verifier whether he is possession of a signer's signature; at the same time, the verifier cannot transfer such conviction to anyone else. These signatures devote to protect the receiver's privacy, that is, the receiver may want to prove to any designated verifier who he is in possession of such signature signed by the known signer but reluctant to disclose it. Moreover, the receiver also does not want the verifier to be able to convince anyone that he is in possession of such signature. In the existing UDVS schemes, a secure channel is required between the signer and the signature holder to transfer the signature. This paper, for the first time, proposes the notion of universal designated verifier signcryption without this secure channel by combining the notions of UDVS and signcryption. We give the formal definitions and a concrete construction of universal designated verifier identity‐based signcryption scheme. We also give the formal security proofs for our scheme under the random oracle model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generating mosaics for lineage analysis in flies
Authors: Lee Tzumin 
Published: June 2013

By generating and studying mosaic organisms, we are learning how intricate tissues form as cells proliferate and diversify through organism development. FLP/FRT‐mediated site‐specific mitotic recombination permits the generation of mosaic flies with efficiency and control. With heat‐inducible or tissue‐specific FLP transgenes at our disposal, we can engineer mosaics carrying clones of homozygous cells that come from specific pools of heterozygous precursors. This permits detailed cell lineage analysis followed by mosaic analysis of gene functions in the underlying developmental processes. Expression of transgenes (e.g., reporters) only in the homozygous cells enables mosaic analysis in the complex nervous system. Tracing neuronal lineages by using mosaics revolutionized mechanistic studies of neuronal diversification and differentiation, exemplifying the power of genetic mosaics in developmental biology. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:69–81. doi: 10.1002/wdev.122This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Flies
Technologies > Generating Chimeras and Lineage Analysis
Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients on Hemodialysis for Uremia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Chieh , Lin Jaw‐Town , Jeng Long‐Bin , Charalampos Iakovidis , Chen Tzu‐Ting , Lee Teng‐Yu , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Kuo Ken N. , Liu Yi‐Ya , Wu Chun‐Ying 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe association between uremia and survival outcomes of patients undergoing hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well investigated, particularly for perioperative complications. This nationwide cohort study aimed to compare survival outcomes as well as perioperative mortality and complications between uremia‐HCC patients and non‐uremia‐HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection.MethodsUsing Taiwan’s National Health Institute Research Database, 149 uremia‐HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection between 1996 and 2008 were enrolled. The control group comprised 596 HCC patients who also received hepatic resection during the same time period. The two groups were matched for age, gender, viral hepatitis status, and underlying liver cirrhosis. Disease‐free survival, overall survival, and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsFor the uremia‐HCC cohort, the 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 86, 52, and 38 %, as well as 77, 27, and 18 %, respectively. The survival outcomes were comparable between uremia‐HCC cohort and the HCC cohort, regardless of extent of hepatic resection. As for perioperative complications, the uremia‐HCC cohort had a higher risk of postoperative infections requiring invasive interventions as well as an increased risk of life‐threatening heart‐associated complications, compared to the HCC cohort.ConclusionsUremia did not influence survival outcomes between the uremia‐HCC and the HCC cohorts, irrespective of extent of hepatic resection. This study urges a better perioperative care strategy to avoid potential cardiac and infectious complications in uremia‐HCC patients.
Gunshot Wounds to the Face: Emergency Interventions and Outcomes
Authors: Orthopoulos George , Sideris Antonios , Velmahos Elpida , Troulis Maria 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundGunshot wounds to the face (GSWF) may produce life‐threatening injuries. Our objective is to describe outcomes of and factors related to interventions for urgent airway control (UAC) and urgent bleeding control (UBC) as well as to analyze complications associated with GSWF.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 155 GSWF patients who were admitted to two Level 1 academic trauma centers over an 11‐year period. Demographic details, injuries sustained, interventions performed, and timing of the interventions were recorded. Morbidity and mortality data were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 115 (74 %) patients suffered isolated GSWF, and none died. Of the 90 (58 %) patients requiring UAC, only three had a cricothyroidotomy. Of the 41 (26 %) patients requiring UBC, only four had angiographic embolization. Intraoral involvement and extrafacial injuries were associated with both UAC and UBC. Overall, 75 patients (48 %) required operations on the bones, eyes, or both. Complications developed in 14 and were treated successfully.ConclusionsUAC and UBC are required frequently after GSWF and are associated with intraoral involvement and injuries beyond the face. Simple methods, such as orotracheal intubation and packing, are typically sufficient for successful management. About half of the patients need further surgery, with infrequent morbidity.
Consequences of ratio‐dependent predation by wolves for elk population dynamics
Authors: Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA growing number of studies suggest ratio‐dependence may be common in many predator–prey systems, yet in large mammal systems, evidence is limited to wolves and their prey in Isle Royale and Yellowstone. More importantly, the consequences of ratio‐dependent predation have not been empirically examined to understand the implications for prey. Wolves recolonized Banff National Park in the early 1980s, and recovery was correlated with significant elk declines. I used time‐series data of wolf kill rates of elk, wolf and elk densities in winter from 1985–2007 to test for support for prey‐, ratio‐, or predator dependent functional and numeric responses of wolf killing rate to elk density. I then combined functional and numeric responses to estimate the total predation response to identify potential equilibrium states. Evidence suggests wolf predation on elk was best described by a type II ratio‐dependent functional response and a type II numeric response that lead to inversely density‐dependent predation rate on elk. Despite support for ratio‐dependence, like other wolf‐prey systems, there was considerable uncertainty amongst functional response models, especially at low prey densities. Consistent with predictions from ratio‐dependent models, however, wolves contributed to elk population declines of over 80 % in our Banff system. Despite the statistical signature for ratio‐dependence, the biological mechanism remains unknown and may be related to multi‐prey dynamics in our system. Regardless, ratio‐dependent models strike a parsimonious balance between theory and empiricism, and this study suggests that large mammal ecologists need to consider ratio‐dependent models in predator–prey dynamics.
Factors involved in the response to change of agitation rate during cellulase production fromPenicillium decumbensJUA10-1
Authors: Wang Mingyu , He Didi , Liang Ya , Liu Kuimei , Jiang Baojie , Wang Fangzhong , Hou Shaoli , Fang Xu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractImprovement of agitation is a commonly used approach for the optimization of fermentation processes. In this report, the response to improving agitation rate from 150 to 250 rpm on cellulase production from Penicillium decumbens JUA10-1 was investigated. It was shown that the production of all the major components of the cellulase mixture increased following improved agitation. Further investigations showed that at least three factors are involved in this improvement: the improved biomass accumulation, proportion of active/mature cellulases, and cellulase transcription level. The transcription levels of the cellulase repressing transcription factor ace1 and the cellulase activating transcription factor xlnR, however, both declined when a higher agitation was applied. These observations, along with our analysis of the carbon catabolite repressor CreA, lead to the suggestion that the molecular mechanism underlying improved cellulase transcription is the competition of two concurrent effects following improved agitation: CreA-mediated derepression induced by the downregulation of ace1, and CreA-mediated deactivation induced by the downregulation of xlnR.
Collective Efficacy as a Task Specific Process: Examining the Relationship Between Social Ties, Neighborhood Cohesion and the Capacity to Respond to Violence, Delinquency and Civic Problems
Authors: Wickes Rebecca , Hipp John R. , Sargeant Elise , Homel Ross 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the neighborhood effects literature, collective efficacy is viewed as the key explanatory process associated with the spatial distribution of a range of social problems. While many studies usefully focus on the consequences of collective efficacy, in this paper we examine the task specificity of collective efficacy and consider the individual and neighborhood factors that influence residents’ perceptions of neighborhood collective efficacy for specific tasks. Utilizing survey and administrative data from 4,093 residents nested in 148 communities in Australia, we distinguish collective efficacy for particular threats to social order and assess the relative importance of social cohesion and neighborhood social ties to the development of collective efficacy for violence, delinquency and civic/political issues. Our results indicate that a model separating collective efficacy for specific problems from social ties and the more generalized notions of social cohesion is necessary when understanding the regulation potential of neighborhoods.