bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the free‐swimming larvae and sessile adult females of Stephanoceros fimbriatus (Rotifera: Gnesiotrocha)
Authors: Hochberg Adele , Hochberg Rick 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnlike most rotifers (Rotifera), which are planktonic and direct developers, many gnesiotrochan rotifers (Monogononta: Gnesiotrocha) are sessile and have indirect development. Few details exist on larval metamorphosis in most gnesiotrochans, and considering the drastic transformation that takes place at metamorphosis—the replacement of the ciliated corona with a new head that bears ciliated tentacles (the infundibulum)—it is perhaps surprising that there are limited data on the process. Here, we document part of this metamorphosis by examining the presence and distribution of neurons with serotonin immunoreactivity in the nervous system of both planktonic larvae and sessile adult females. Using antibodies against serotonin combined with confocal laser‐scanning microscopy (CLSM) and 3D reconstruction software, we mapped the immunoreactive cell bodies and neurites in both life stages and found that relatively few changes occurred during metamorphosis. The larvae possessed a total of eight perikarya with serotonergic immunoreactivity (5HT‐IR) in the brain, with at least two pairs of perikarya outside the brain in the region of the corona. Cells with 5HT‐IR in the brain innervated the larval corona and also sent neurites to the trunk via the nerve cords. During metamorphosis, the corona was replaced by the infundibulum, which emerged from the larval mouth to become the new functional head. This change led to a posterior displacement of the brain and also involved the loss of 5HT‐IR in the lateral brain perikarya and the gain of two perikarya with 5HT‐IR in the anterior brain region. The innervation of the anterior end was retained in the adult; neurites that extended anteriorly to the mouth of the larva formed a distinct neural ring that encircled the infundibulum after metamorphosis. Significantly, there was no innervation of the infundibular tentacles by neurites with 5HT‐IR, which suggests that ciliary control is unlikely to be modulated by serotonin within the tentacles themselves.
Helping smokers quit: behaviours and attitudes of Chinese Registered Nurses
Authors: Sarna Linda , Bialous Stella Aguinaga , Zou Xiao Nong , Wang Weili , Hong Jingfang , Chan Sophia , Wells Marjorie J. , Brook Jenny 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo describe the self‐reported frequency of Chinese nurses’ interventions to help smokers quit, using the 5 As (i.e. Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), attitudes towards tobacco control and differences in consistency interventions by demographic and professional characteristics prior to an educational intervention to increase nurses’ support for quit efforts.BackgroundTobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in China; quitting smoking reduces health risks and premature death. The China Tobacco Cessation Treatment Guideline supports the 5 As model for intervention, but nurses’ frequency of delivering smoking cessation interventions is unknown.DesignDescriptive survey using a convenience sample.MethodsNurses from eight hospitals in Beijing and Hefei, China completed a web‐based survey in 2012. Differences in consistency of the 5 As by nurse characteristics were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Overall importance of nurses in tobacco control was evaluated on a 1‐5 scale (5 = most important).ResultsNurses (N = 2440; 1404 Beijing, 1036 Hefei) participated. 64% consistently asked about smoking status, 85% advised patients to quit, 52% assessed readiness to quit and assisted with smoking cessation and 17% arranged for follow‐up. Interventions varied by nurses’ education and clinical setting. Nurses positively viewed involvement in tobacco control (4·3/5) and thought nurses should be smoke‐free role models (4·8/5·0).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the majority of nurses asked about smoking status, but few assisted patients with quitting. Further efforts are needed to help nurses actively promote smoking cessation interventions.
Cow‐specific diet digestibility predictions based on near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy scans of faecal samples
Authors: Mehtiö T. , Rinne M. , Nyholm L. , Mäntysaari P. , Sairanen A. , Mäntysaari E.A. , Pitkänen T. , Lidauer M.H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis study was designed to obtain information on prediction of diet digestibility from near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) scans of faecal spot samples from dairy cows at different stages of lactation and to develop a faecal sampling protocol. NIRS was used to predict diet organic matter digestibility (OMD) and indigestible neutral detergent fibre content (iNDF) from faecal samples, and dry matter digestibility (DMD) using iNDF in feed and faecal samples as an internal marker. Acid‐insoluble ash (AIA) as an internal digestibility marker was used as a reference method to evaluate the reliability of NIRS predictions. Feed and composite faecal samples were collected from 44 cows at approximately 50, 150 and 250 days in milk (DIM). The estimated standard deviation for cow‐specific organic matter digestibility analysed by AIA was 12.3 g/kg, which is small considering that the average was 724 g/kg. The phenotypic correlation between direct faecal OMD prediction by NIRS and OMD by AIA over the lactation was 0.51. The low repeatability and small variability estimates for direct OMD predictions by NIRS were not accurate enough to quantify small differences in OMD between cows. In contrast to OMD, the repeatability estimates for DMD by iNDF and especially for direct faecal iNDF predictions were 0.32 and 0.46, respectively, indicating that developing of NIRS predictions for cow‐specific digestibility is possible. A data subset of 20 cows with daily individual faecal samples was used to develop an on‐farm sampling protocol. Based on the assessment of correlations between individual sample combinations and composite samples as well as repeatability estimates for individual sample combinations, we found that collecting up to three individual samples yields a representative composite sample. Collection of samples from all the cows of a herd every third month might be a good choice, because it would yield a better accuracy.
Skin telocytes versus fibroblasts: two distinct dermal cell populations
Authors: Kang Yuli , Zhu Zaihua , Zheng Yonghua , Wan Weiguo , Manole Catalin G. , Zhang Qiangqiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt is already accepted that telocytes (TCs) represent a new type of interstitial cells in human dermis. In normal skin, TCs have particular spatial relations with different dermal structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, arrector pili muscles or segments of sebaceous and/or eccrine sweat glands. The distribution and the density of TCs is affected in various skin pathological conditions. Previous studies mentioned the particular (ultra)structure of TCs and also their immunophenotype, miR imprint or proteome, genome or secretome features. As fibroblast is the most common intersitital cell (also in human dermis), a dedicated comparison between human skin TCs and fibroblasts (Fbs) was required to be performed. In this study, using different techniques, we document several points of difference between human dermis TCs and Fbs. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrated TCs with their hallmark cellular prolongations – telopodes. Thus, we showed their ultrastructural distinctiveness from Fbs. By RayBio Human Cytokine Antibody Array V analyses performed on the supernatant from separately cultured TCs and Fbs, we detected the cytokine profile of both cell types, individually. Two of 79 detected cytokines – epithelial‐derived neutrophil‐activating peptide 78 and granulocyte chemotactic protein‐2 – were 1.5 times higher in the supernatant of TCs (comparing with Fbs). On the other hand, 37 cytokines were at least 1.5 higher in Fbs supernatant (comparing with TCs), and among them six cytokines – interleukin 5, monocyte chemotactic protein‐3 (MCP‐3), MCP‐4, macrophage inflammatory protein‐3, angiogenin, thrombopoietin – being 9.5 times higher (results also confirmed by ELISA testing). In summary, using different techniques, we showed that human dermal TCs and Fbs are different in terms of ultrastructure and cytokine profile.
Oral microbiome in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis and their family members
Authors: Li Yi , Feng Xianghui , Xu Li , Zhang Li , Lu Ruifang , Shi Dong , Wang Xiane , Chen Feng , Li Jie , Meng Huanxin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the microbiome composition in Chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and to compare the similarity of bacterial profiles between AgP patients and their family members.Material and MethodsPooled subgingival plaque and saliva samples were collected from 10 AgP patients and 10 of their first‐degree blood relatives with chronic periodontitis. DNA amplicons of the V1‐V3 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were generated, and were subjected to 454‐pyrosequencing.ResultsIn subgingival plaque, the unweighted UniFrac distances between family members were significantly lower than those in unrelated participants (p = 0.039). Compared with the relatives, the microbiota of subgingival plaque and saliva from AgP patients revealed significantly lower taxonomic diversity. High relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (about 35.88%) was detected in subgingival plaque from AgP patients. The relative abundance of P. gingivalis and Red complex pathogens (P. gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) in the subgingival plaque and saliva samples from the same individual were significantly correlated in AgP patients (ρ= 0.687 and 0.678, respectively).ConclusionsThere is a kinship in the phylogenetic architecture of microbiota among Chinese AgP patients and their family members. P. gingivalis might be a predominant pathogen in these Chinese AgP patients.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by tunicamycin increases resistin messenger ribonucleic acid through the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase–activating transcription factor 4–CAAT/enhancer binding protein‐α homologous protein pathway in THP‐1 human monocytes
Authors: Hamada Junpei , Onuma Hiroshi , Ochi Fumihiro , Hirai Hiroki , Takemoto Koji , Miyoshi Akiko , Matsushita Manami , Kadota Yuko , Ohashi Jun , Kawamura Ryoichi , Takata Yasunori , Nishida Wataru , Hashida Seiichi , Ishii Eiichi , Osawa Haruhiko 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionResistin, secreted from adipocytes, causes insulin resistance in mice. In humans, the resistin gene is mainly expressed in monocytes and macrophages. Tunicamycin is known to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reduce resistin gene expression in 3T3‐L1 mouse adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ER stress affects resistin gene expression in human monocytes.Materials and MethodsThe relationship between resistin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and ER stress markers mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in isolated monocytes of 30 healthy volunteers. The effect of endotoxin/lipopolysaccharides or tunicamycin on resistin gene expression was analyzed in THP‐1 human monocytes. Signaling pathways leading to resistin mRNA were assessed by the knockdown using small interfering RNA or overexpression of key molecules involved in unfolded protein response.ResultsResistin mRNA was positively associated with immunoglobulin heavy chain‐binding protein (BiP) or CAAT/enhancer binding protein‐α homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA in human isolated monocytes. In THP‐1 cells, lipopolysaccharides increased mRNA of BiP, pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase (PERK) and CHOP, as well as resistin. Tunicamycin also increased resistin mRNA. This induction appeared to be dose‐ and time‐dependent. Tunicamycin‐induced resistin mRNA was inhibited by chemical chaperone, 4‐phenylbutyric acid. The knockdown of either PERK, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) or CHOP reduced tunicamycin‐induced resistin mRNA. Conversely, overexpression of ATF4 or CHOP increased resistin mRNA.ConclusionsEndoplasmic reticulum stress induced by tunicamycin increased resistin mRNA through the PERK–ATF4–CHOP pathway in THP‐1 human monocytes. ER stress could lead to insulin resistance through enhanced resistin gene expression in human monocytes.
Pancreatic tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Rana Surinder S , Kumar Amit , Bhasin Deepak K 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPancreatic tuberculosis is very rare, but recently, there has been a spurt in the number of reports on pancreatic involvement by tuberculosis. It closely mimics pancreatic cancer, and before the advent of better imaging modalities it was often detected as a histological surprise in patients resected for a presumed pancreatic malignancy. The usual presentation involves abdominal pain, loss of appetite and weight, jaundice which can be associated with cholestasis, fever and night sweats, palpable abdominal lump, and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen is an important tool for evaluation of patients with pancreatic tuberculosis. This CT imaging yields valuable information about the size and nature of tubercular lesions along with the presence of ascites and lymphadenopathy. However, there are no distinctive features on CT that distinguish it from pancreatic carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound provides high resolution images of the pancreatic lesions as well as an opportunity to sample these lesions for cytological confirmation. The presence of granulomas is the most common finding on histological/cytological examination with the presence of acid fast bacilli being observed only in minority of patients. As there are no randomized or comparative studies on treatment of pancreatic tuberculosis it is usually treated like other forms of tuberculosis. Excellent cure rates are reported with standard anti tubercular therapy given for 6–12 months.
Immunoglobulin A deficiency in celiac disease in the United States
Authors: Pallav Kumar , Xu Hua , Leffler Daniel A. , Kabbani Toufic , Kelly Ciaran P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground and Aims:Multiple European studies report increased prevalence of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) and partial immunoglobulin A deficiency (PIgAD) in patients with celiac disease (CD). However; prospective data representing North American adults are lacking. While SIgAD precludes the use of IgA‐tissue‐transglutaminase antibody (IgA‐tTG), the effect of PIgAD on IgA‐tTG sensitivity is not well documented. We aim to determine the prevalence and impact of IgA deficiency on CD presentation and diagnosis in North American adult patients.Methods:We reviewed 1000 consecutive patients undergoing IgA‐tTG testing and 243 healthy controls. Eligible sera were tested for IgA‐tTG, serum immunoglobulins, and IgA/IgG‐deamidated gliadin peptide (IgA/IgG‐DGP).Results:Prevalence of SIgAD was marginally higher in patients with CD (1.9%) compared with healthy controls (0.4%, P = 0.24) and patients without CD (0.7%, P = 0.173). Prevalence of PIGAD was similar in patients with CD (4.8%) compared with healthy controls (5.9%, P = 0.57) and patients without CD (7.2%, P = 0.22). One (16.7%) of 6 patients with CD with SIgAD and all 15 (100%) with PIGAD tested IgA‐tTG positive prior to gluten‐free diet initiation. Patients with CD with SIGAD showed lower frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms (33% vs 82%, P = 0.01) and more co‐morbid autoimmune disease (67% vs 23%, P = 0.03) when compared with patients with CD with normal IgA.Conclusions:The prevalence of SIgAD in North American patients with CD is comparable with European data but not significantly different than control populations. Patients with CD with SIgAD exhibit decreased IgA‐tTG sensitivity and lack of gastrointestinal symptoms. PIgAD is common in patients with gastrointestinal disorders but does not alter CD presentation or IgA‐tTG sensitivity.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of flumequine in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) after intravascular and oral administrations
Authors: Xu N. , Dong J. , Yang Y. , Yang Q. , Liu Y. , Ai X. 
Published: September 2015

In this study, the pharmacokinetic profile of flumequine (FMQ) was investigated in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) after intravascular (3 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and oral (50 mg/kg b.w.) administrations. The plasma samples were determinedby ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence detection. After intravascular administration, plasma concentration–time curves were best described by a two‐compartment open model. The distribution half‐life (t1/2α), elimination half‐life (t1/2β), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of blunt snout bream were 0.6 h, 25.0 h, and 10612.7 h·μg/L, respectively. After oral administration, a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption was also best fit the data of plasma. The t1/2α, t1/2β, peak concentration (Cmax), time‐to‐peak concentration (Tmax), and AUC of blunt snout bream were estimated to be 2.5 h, 19.7 h, 3946.5 μg/L, 1.4 h, and 56618.1 h. μg/L, respectively. The oral bioavailability (F) was 32.0%. The pharmacokinetics of FMQ in blunt snout bream displayed low bioavailability, rapid absorption, and rapid elimination.
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in snakehead fish, Channa argus
Authors: Fang X. , Zhou J. , Liu X. 
Published: September 2015

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EF) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in snakehead fish at 24–26 °C. The plasma concentrations of EF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration–time data were described by an open two‐compartment model for both routes. After intravenous administration, the elimination half‐life (T1/2β), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 19.82 h, 75.79 μg h/mL and 0.13 L/h/kg, respectively. Following p.o. administration, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), T1/2β and AUC of EF were 1.86 μg/mL, 35.8 h and 49.98 μg h/mL, respectively. Absorption of EF was good with a bioavailability (F) of 65.82%, which was higher than that calculated in most seawater fish. CF, an active metabolite of EF, was detected occasionally in this study, which indicates a low extent of deethylation of EF in snakehead fish.
Interaction with therapeutic soft contact lenses affects the intraocular efficacy of tropicamide and latanoprost in dogs
Authors: Hatzav M. , Bdolah‐Abram T. , Ofri R. 
Published: September 2015

Therapeutic soft contact lenses (TSCLs) are frequently used to support or protect the cornea during healing. Our aim was to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of topical medications inTSCL‐fitted dogs and determine whether it is affected by the presence ofTSCLs. InPhase I, pupil diameter was measured in eyes treated with tropicamide and in eyes covered withTSCLs and then treated with tropicamide, with 1‐week intervals between sessions. In PhaseII, intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in uncovered andTSCL‐covered eyes treated with latanoprost, with 1‐week intervals between sessions. Tropicamide caused significant mydriasis in both uncovered andTSCL‐covered eyes (P = 0.005). On the other hand, latanoprost caused a significant decrease inIOPwhen applied to uncovered eyes (P = 0.002), but had no significant effect onIOPwhen applied toTSCL‐covered eyes (P = 0.7). As we used the same dogs and identicalTSCLs throughout the study, we conclude that the different outcomes of the two drugs are due to properties of the drugs themselves, or their formulations, affecting their interaction with theTSCLs. The clinical efficacy of topical drugs applied toTSCL‐covered eyes may have to be determined for each drug and/or formulation.
Comparing Elicited Imitation and Word Monitoring as Measures of Implicit Knowledge
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi , DeKeyser Robert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study challenges the validity of elicited imitation (EI) as a measure for implicit knowledge, investigating to what extent online error detection and subsequent sentence repetition draw on implicit knowledge. To assess online detection during listening, a word monitoring component was built into an EI task. Advanced‐level Japanese L2 speakers with Chinese as their native language performed the EI task with the built‐in word monitoring component, a metalinguistic knowledge test, and a probabilistic serial reaction time (SRT) task, which served as a measure of aptitude for implicit learning. Results showed that EI scores were correlated positively with metalinguistic knowledge, but they were not related to the SRT scores. Word monitoring performance, in contrast, was not related to metalinguistic knowledge but correlated positively with SRT scores only among L2 speakers with longer lengths of residence. These results suggest that online error detection can index implicit knowledge, whereas EI may measure automatized explicit knowledge.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All original materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Differences between completers and non‐completers of offending behaviour programmes: Impulsivity, social problem‐solving, and criminal thinking
Authors: Palmer Emma J. , Humphries Lisa M. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThis study examined whether there were significant differences between completers and non‐completers of an offending behaviour programme on pre‐programme measures of impulsivity, social problem‐solving, and criminal thinking.MethodsParticipants were 299 male offenders serving a community order with the requirement to attend an offending behaviour programme in England and Wales.ResultsThe results showed that non‐completers had significantly higher levels of non‐planning impulsivity than completers. Furthermore, non‐completers were at a higher risk of reconviction. No significant differences were found between completers and non‐completers for social problem‐solving and criminal thinking, as well as no significant differences between the two groups for age.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance of retaining high risk and impulsive offenders in treatment programmes.