bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of ocular pulse amplitude recordings obtained using a contact lens sensor
Authors: HIRN C , RUSSELL RA , LAMPARTER J , LASCARATOS G , HO T , GARWAY‐HEATH DF 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) can be detected in fluctuation curves recorded with the Sensimed Triggerfish® Sensor (TS), and analysed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).Methods 40 subjects (20 open angle glaucoma [OAG], 20 healthy) underwent one hour of TS monitoring. Intraocular pressure and OPA were measured by dynamic contour tonometry (DCT) and DCT OPA was used as the reference. Segments of TS OPA fluctuations were visually identified (VI), and the amplitude (mVequ) was measured (VI‐TS OPA). In addition, FFT signal analysis, which reduces a periodic function into its frequency components, was performed on VI segments, and the amplitude (arbitrary units [AU]) of the fundamental measured (FFT‐TS OPA). The correlation between VI‐ and FFT‐TS OPA was investigated. VI‐ and FFT‐TS OPA were compared with DCT OPA.Results In 3 subjects, TS recording failed. In 8 subjects, either no OPA or no fundamental could be identified. For the remaining 29 subjects (13 OAG, 16 healthy), both mean (±standard deviation) VI‐ and FFT‐TS OPA were lower in OAG (9.0±3.9mVequ and 184.6±303.7AU) than in healthy subjects (10.2±4.5mVequ and 303.3±292.0AU). Mean DCT OPA was higher in OAG (2.7±0.8mmHg) than in healthy subjects (2.3±0.6mmHg) (p>0.05 for all). There was a significant correlation between VI‐ and FFT‐TS OPA (Spearman's rho=0.84; p<0.0001). In OAG subjects only, the correlation between VI‐TS OPA and DCT OPA (Spearman's rho=0.52, p=0.072) and FFT‐TS OPA and DCT OPA (Spearman's rho=0.48, p=0.099) approached significance.Conclusion It is possible to identify OPA in TS fluctuation curves and to analyse OPA by FFT. There is a weak association between TS OPA and DCT OPA in OAG.
Molecular techniques in ocular pathology
Authors: COUPLAND S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe roles of molecular techniques in ocular pathology include: a) aiding the understanding of disease pathogenesis; b) establishing diagnoses; c) predicting prognosis; d) predicting therapy response; and e) detecting residual disease. Examples of recent developments in molecular pathology include better understanding of the sonic hedgehog pathway in BCC; polyomavirus MCPyV in Merkel cell carcinoma; microsatellite instability in sebaceous carcinoma; fusion oncogenes in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma; and A20 gene deletions in conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Molecular techniques, such as IgH‐PCR and TCR‐PCR, are required regularly for the confirmation of the diagnosis of ocular B‐ and T‐cell lymphomas, respectively. Molecular methods are used for prognostication in uveal melanoma, in combination with the clinical and histomorphological features of these tumours. The presence of monosomy 3 and polysomy 8 was initially detected using FISH but MLPA, aCGH, aSNP and GEP, have been introduced in various ocular oncology centres, providing more detailed information. It is hoped that next generation sequencing will provide potential targets for improved therapies in ocular malignancies.
Neuro‐ophtalmic complications of cancer chemotherapy
Authors: KAWASAKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCancer patients nowadays have longer periods of remission and higher rates of cure. The greater number of efficacious chemotherapeutics agents has no doubt contributed to prolonged survival rates for cancer patients but this has also led to a greater number of adverse and neurotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Sometimes, it is not easy to determine the exact etiology of a neuro‐ophthalmologic disorder as these patients have multiple potential causes : metastasis, nutritional or metabolic derangement, vasculopathy, paraneoplastic syndrome, complication of radiation. Nevertheless, it is important for the ophthalmologist to have some familiarity with the more commonly reported neuro‐ophthalmologic complications of chemotherpay. This lecture will discuss agents that have been associated with optic disc swelling, increased intracranial pressure, cranial nerve palsy and acute cerebellar syndrome.
Using ‘big data’ to examine visual field follow up in glaucoma
Authors: CRABB D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMonitoring glaucoma patients represents a significant burden on clinical services, with an estimated one million visits annually in the UK alone. Visual field (VF) tests are routinely used for detecting worsening of vision. We aimed to estimate VF loss during patient's predicted lifetime by examining around 250,000 VF tests from three different glaucoma clinics in England. Patients were excluded if they had too few VFs or insufficient follow‐up (less than 3 years). Levels of VF loss were summarised using the Mean Deviation (MD) index from each test. MD at diagnosis and MD loss during predicted remaining lifetime, using a linear rate of MD deterioration (dB/year) and residual life expectancy tables, were calculated and plotted on motion graphs. Most patients followed in clinics have stable disease. Four percent (95% confidence interval: 3 to 5%) of patients were predicted to be at risk of statutory blindness in their lifetime. Likelihood of a patient suffering serious visual impairment in their lifetime is linked to level of VF loss at presentation. These findings from retrospective analysis of ‘big data’ could help inform planning of follow‐up in glaucoma and also illuminate the importance of detecting the disease in primary care.
Conception and optimization of a corneal bioreactor
Authors: TRONE MC , CAMPOLMI N , GAUTHIER AS , NEFZAOUI C , BERNARD A , NAIGEON N , NANGOUM‐FOSSO T , PISELLI S , GARRAUD O , ACQUART S , THURET G , GAIN P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Restoration of a trans‐corneal pressure (P) gradient and continuous circulation of fluids on both sides of the cornea could improve endothelial cell survival and reduce stromal swelling and Descemet folding during long‐term corneal storage. Aim: to present the technical requirements and the technical choices we made during the development of an innovative corneal bioreactor (BR)Methods Main functions were defined with a process of functional analysis of needs in collaboration with eye bankers. Successive prototypes were built using 3D printing with biocompatible resins, and machining of PMMA blocks, and windows made out of optical grade glass were glued. Different types of connecting tubes were assessed. Efficiency was analysed in term of capacity of maintaining the cornea perfectly tighten in order to create 2 hermetic endo and epi compartments. P (adjustable from 0 to 50 mmHg with a mini‐LCD screen for live display) was regulated by a continuous irrigation from a disposable infusion system associated with a P sensor and a micro‐solenoid valve driven by a customized microcontrollerResults The 3 most challenging points were: 1/waterproofness between epi and endo chambers that require to use corneas with at least a 16 mm diameter regular scleral rim 2/ biocompatibility of glues 3/ oxidation and alcalinization of storage medium caused by materials permeable to atmospheric gases. Since 2 years, 9 successive prototypes allowed selection of efficient solutionsConclusion Our innovative BR will be useful for both laboratory research and corneal storage by eye banks in a next future. Grant: ABM 2012, EFS 2012, ANSM 2012. PG, GT and SA patented the BR
Setting up organ‐cultured corneas pre‐cutting by a French blood center‐eye bank
Authors: CAMPOLMI N , GAUTHIER AS , MONTARD R , ACQUART S , THEILLIERE C , PEIRERA S , GARRAUD O , HE Z , PISELLI S , THURET G , DELBOSC B , GAIN P 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In France, the cutting of endothelial graft for DSAEK is almost exclusively performed by surgeons directly in the operating room whereas in the US more than 2/3 are now precut by eye banks (EB) technicians using 4°C storage. Among the French Blood Center EB, the EB of St‐Etienne received the first agreement from the French National Agency for Medicines and Health products for precutting and distribution of corneas. Aim: to report our first experience with DSAEK precut by technicians using organ‐cultured (OC) corneasMethods OC corneas with an initial endothelial cell density (ECD) >2200 cells/mm2 (by image analysis) were precut by two trained technicians using a Moria microkeratome. Corneas were stored in CMax (Eurobio) and deswelled in CJet (5% Dextran T500) 20h prior to pre‐cutting. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measure by ultrasound before and after cut with a single pass of the 350μm head. Microbiological testing was done with blood culture bottles 24h after precuttingResults Twelve corneas with initial ECD of 2724±269 cells/mm2 (mean±SD), 19±4 days of OC and CCT of 548±50 μm were cut and sent to 4 centers (Feb to May 2013). Final CCT was 194±33μm (166 to 277). All surgeries were uneventful but rebubbling was necessary in 6 cases and 1 graft with eccentric trephination by the surgeon did never adhereConclusion Precutting of OC corneas by EB allows quality and microbiology controls. Three improvements are ongoing: OCT thickness map before, during and after cut, use of the microkeratome double‐pass technique, and ink marking of the centre to guide final trephination by surgeons. Grants: ONDAINE, AOL CHU 2012
Isolated and combined hamartomas of the RPE
Authors: SCHALENBOURG A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRPE hamartomas are rare, presumed congenital proliferations of the RPE (isolated) or both the RPE and neuroretina (combined), without malignant potential. Isolated hamartomas are well delineated, small, pigmented and asymptomatic lesions, most often in the macular region and not requiring any treatment. Combined hamartomas are unilateral malformations consisting of a densification of the RPE and vascularized gliosis of the overlying neuroretina. Its location at the posterior pole is correlated with varying degrees of visual impairment, for which epiretinal membrane peeling remains controversial. Treatment is occasionally required in case of complications such as neovascular membrane, vitreous haemorrhage, retinal detachment or macular hole. Being benign, it is crucial that RPE hamartomas are differentiated from other pigmented lesions, and most importantly choroidal melanoma, to avoid unnecessary radiotherapy or even enucleation in the –usually young‐ patients that present them.
How to study heterophagy in RPE cells
Authors: SINHA D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRPE is one of the most active phagocytic cell types in the body, phagocytosing 10% of total photoreceptor volume daily. Phagocytosis of the shed discs is essential to the survival of photoreceptor cells. This phagocytosis process can be divided into four distinct stages: 1) recognition and attachment of the OS; 2) ingestion of the OS; 3) formation of the phagosome and fusion with lysosomes; and 4) finally, digestion. Once OS are internalized by the RPE cells, the phagosome proceeds through a maturation process, followed by fusion with a lysosome to form a phagolysosome where degradation occurs. This pathway remains poorly understood in RPE. We have provided evidence that bA3/A1‐crystallin has no apparent role in recognition or ingestion of the OS. However, loss of bA3/A1‐crystallin in RPE has an impaired ability to degrade OS, perhaps resulting from a defect in the phagolysosomal pathway. The overall experimental design will be to determine the following parameters by modulating the expression of bA3/A1‐crystallin in RPE: (1) Expression levels of proteins involved in phagosome maturation; (2) Interaction of phagocytic vacuoles with early and late endosomes; and (3) Phagosome‐lysosome fusion as assessed by live cell imaging
Techniques to demonstrate immunoproteasome in retinal functions
Authors: FERRINGTON D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe catalytic core of the proteasome contains three pair of catalytic subunits that perform distinct proteolytic activities referred to as caspase‐like, trypsin‐like, and chymotrypsin‐like. In the standard proteasome, the catalytic subunits are β1, β2, and β5. These subunits can be replaced in nascent proteasomes by the subunits LMP2 (β1i), MECL‐1 (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i), which form the core of the immunoproteasome. The immunoproteasome is a proteasome subtype that is abundant in immune cells and also present, albeit in low concentrations, in cells outside the immune system. A well‐described function of immunoproteasome is to generate peptides for MHC class I for display on the cell surface. Functions of immunoproteasome that go beyond its role in generating antigenic peptides are emerging from studies in immunoproteasome‐deficient mice and from human diseases linked to mutations in immunoproteasome subunits. Notably, oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, conditions that predominate in retinal diseases, are associated with immunoproteasome upregulation. Multiple methods used to investigate immunoproteasome function in the retina and in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells will be discussed in detail.
Is there a need for a general workup of RVO patients?
Authors: HERON E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pathophysiology of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) remains unclear, the precise cause of venous flow obstruction being still unknown. Established and potential risk factors of RVO, according to the pusblished literature, will be reviewed and discussed with a rapid focus on thrombophilia. Recent new insight in the field of blood viscosity in RVO patients and its possible therapeutic implications will be presented. This will lead to conclude on which reasonable general work‐up to be proposed to RVO patients.
The issue of chronic macular edema
Authors: GIRMENS JF 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWith availability of dexamethasone implant and ranibizumab, specifically indicated for the treatment of macular edema complicating RVO, a trend could be to treat as quickly as possible all retinal thickenings by intravitreal injections (more or less often, depending on duration of action of selected product). However, all retinal thickenings are not identical, nor from the same origin. Fine semiological analysis allows to distinguish different types : in addition to macular edema by blood‐retinal barrier rupture (most common), we will describe other involved mechanisms, like macro‐aneurysms, ischemia, diffusion of papilledema, epi‐retinal membrane. Differentiation of mechanism is important because involving different therapeutic approaches.
Fitting tips and tricks of challenging cases of keratoconus
Authors: ABOU SAMRA W 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose to discuss the fitting tips and tricks of challenging cases of keratoconus with a special design of RGP lens namely Rose K2 lensMethods The study was carried on 52 keratoconic eyes fitted with Rose K2 lens. They were topographically classified into low cones, small steep cones, early cones, advanced cones and toric cones. The appropriate lens parameters were selected accordingly. Successful fitting was evaluated by lens position, movement, fluorescein pattern, visual acuity, residual astigmatism, patient comfort, maximum wearing time per day and corneal integrity.Results The keratoconic eyes were successfully fitted as follow: lenses with bigger diameter and considerably flatter base curve than normal were used to fit the low cones, lenses with flatter base curve, minimum diameter and maximum edge lift were used in small steep cones. Keeping the lens as small as possible and considerably steeper base curve than normal were used in advanced cones. Early cones were fitted with larger diameter lenses with decreased edge lift. Toric or astigmatic corneas were fitted acceptably either by reducing the overall diameter of the lens or using toric RGP lens. With the previous lens parameters, most of patients (96%) tolerated their lenses with maximum wearing time per day 11± 2.5 hours. No corneal staining or abrasion was encountered in studied eyes. Lenses were centrally positioned with adequate movement and acceptable fluorescein pattern. Best corrected visual acuity was significantly increased compared to the baseline visual acuity with significantly decreased astigmatism.Conclusion Patients with keratoconic corneas are sometimes challenging to fit and time consuming, but if well fitted with appropriate lens parameters, they appreciate the benefits provided by their contact lenses i
Current phenotype of keratoconus patients at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital
Authors: AL‐SWAILEM S , YIU S , AL ASSIRI A , ASGHAR N , AL QASSIMI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To identify the characteristics of Keratoconus (KC) patients referred to the largest tertiary eye institute in Saudi Arabia (SA).Methods Chart review of 483 patients from Jan. to Dec 2010. Amsler‐Krumeich classification was used for severity staging.Results The mean age of 944 eyes at diagnosis and referral were 21.6 and 28.1 years, respectively. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Mean central corneal thickness was 390 (range, 221‐619) um. Staging asymmetry between both eyes in bilateral (95.4%) cases were present in 53.8%. Male patients were diagnosed in mild stage (stage1), while, female patients in advanced one (stage 4). Advanced stage was significantly diagnosed at mean age of 19.76 years. Uncorrected visual acuity decreased with increasing disease staging (≥20/80 in 46.4% of stage 1, while < 20/200 in 39.1% of stage 4). Best corrected visual acuity, with either spectacles or contact lenses (CL), was ≥ 20/40 in 79.7% of eyes. Less eyes achieved 20/40 with spectacles in comparison to those fitted with CL. Single or combined management included: spectacles (15.4%), CL (57.6%), corneal collagen cross‐linking (3.9 %%), corneal rings (10.6%) and keratoplasties (39.3%). Corneal rings were required in mild (62%), moderate (35%), and advanced (3%) stages. Sub‐epithelial and deep stromal scarring was present in 61.2% of eyes which required keratoplasties, and 2/3 of which were having moderate and advanced stages. Male patients tended significantly to have keratoplasty done at 20‐30 years, while, female patients at >30 years of age.Conclusion Our KC patients are similar to those reported in Indians with regards to early disease‐onset, advanced stages, rapid progression, more scarring & lower contact lens wearers.
Quantification of cone loss after macula‐involving retinal detachment using the RTX‐1 Adaptive optics camera
Authors: FLORES M , DEBELLEMANIERE G , MEILLAT M , TUMAHAI P , SCHWARTZ C , MONTARD M , DELBOSC B , SALEH M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To image the macular cone photoreceptors in eyes with successful repair of retinal detachment (RD) and in healthy fellow eyes using the RTX‐1 Adaptive optics camera from Imagine Eyes™ and to correlate the results to clinical outcomes.Methods Patients operated for macula‐off RD were imaged 6 weeks after surgery. The images were analyzed using AO Detect v.0.1. Cone density, spacing between cells, and the nearest‐neighbor analysis were measured 1° nasally and temporally from the fovea. Best corrected Visual acuity (BCVA) and thickness of the photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction (IS/OS) line imaged by SD‐OCT were also measured.Results Twenty one patients (42 eyes) were studied. The parafoveal cone density was decreased in eyes operated for RD (mean±SD: 14,576±4035/mm2) compared to fellow eyes (20,589±2350/mm2) (Wilcoxon matched pairs test, p=0.0001). There was also an increase in cone spacing (10.3±2.6 vs. 8.0±1.0.9 μm, p<0.0001). The Voronoï analysis revealed a reduction in the percentage of cones with six neighbors (36.5±4.2 vs. 42.7± 4.6%, p=0.0003). The IS/OS line thickness was correlated to the cone density in the same area (r=0.62, p< 0.0001). BCVA was significantly correlated to cone density and inversely to intercone spacing, and in a lesser proportion to the percentage of cones with six neighbors (r=0.8, −0.71 and 0.49, respectively, p<0.001).Conclusion There was a decrease in the cone density after RD with an estimated loss of one‐third of the cones in comparison with fellow eyes. Visual acuity was highly correlated with the parafoveal cone density and cone spacing. AO may be a valuable prognostic tool after RD surgery.
The effect of posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema refractory to intravitreal bevacizumab injection
Authors: SOO GEUN JOE , MOON HAEIN , CHAE JB 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (stTA) for diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to intravitreal bevacizumab injection.Methods Patients with DME involving fovea who revealed central foveal thickness (CFT) over than 300μm continuously and did not respond to intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) were included. When CFT increased after 1 or 2 IVB or CFT did not decreased more than 50μm after 3 consecutive IVB, we classified these group of patients as DME refractory to IVB. Other diseases which can cause macular edema including macular degeneration, vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane were also excluded. 40mg TA was injected in to the posterior subtenon space by one clinician. All patients received ophthalmic examination including Snellen visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), spectral domain optical coherence tomography at the time of posterior stTA injection, 2‐month, 4‐month and 6‐month follow up period.Results 41 eyes of 35 patients were included. Average CFT reduced from 474μm to 377μm at 2‐month, to 352μm at 4‐month and 401μm at 6‐month (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.035 respectively; paired T‐test). Average IOP were increased from 15.5mmHg to 16.9mmHg at 2‐month but it reduced to 16.2 at 4‐month and to 15.8 at 6‐month. Visual acuity in logMAR scale increased from 0.55 to 0.50 at 2‐month, to 0.49 at 4‐month and to 0.50 at 6‐month (p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively; paired T‐test). No complications such as glaucoma and cataract were detected.Conclusion Posterior stTA is effective treatment for DME refractory to IVB. But the effect did not continue over 6 months.
Mechanism of fluid accumulation
Authors: WOLFENSBERGER TJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: To characterise the cellular mechanisms of fluid flow in the retina in view of its clinical implications. Background: Retinal fluid homeostasis is effected by a whole host of mechanisms that reside both in the retinal pigement epithelium, in the choroid and in the retina. In a physiological state there is a constant flow of fluid out of the intraretinal and subretinal space into the choroid, of which about 70% is effected via active transport mechanisms within in the retinal pigment epithelium. In case these Results: This presentation will summarise the latest data on how fluid homeostasis is maintained within the retina and how these mechanisms underly the evolving phramacological treatment modalities for exudative maculopathies. Conclusion: The understanding of the cellular mechanisms that govern retinal fluid flow is crucial to the cinical application of medical treatments against exudative maculopathies. .