bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroglycerin‐induced changes in facial skin temperature: ‘cold nose’ as a predictor of headache?
Authors: Zaproudina Nina , Närhi Matti , Lipponen Jukka A. , Tarvainen Mika P. , Karjalainen Pasi A. , Karhu Jari , Airaksinen Olavi , Giniatullin Rashid 
Published: April 2013

SummaryNitroglycerin (NTG) often induces headaches when used to treat cardiac diseases. Such property of NTG has been widely used in modelling of migraine‐like headaches. However, background reasons, predisposing to the development of NTG‐headache, are less studied. The main aim of our study was to find, using NTG model, easily accessible markers of the vascular changes associated with headache. Because changes in the blood flow alter the local skin temperature (Tsk), we studied the relationship between the regional changes in the facial Tsk and NTG‐induced headaches. Tsk was measured with infrared thermography in 11 healthy women during 3 h after sublingual NTG administration. NTG caused headache in five women, and four of them were the first‐degree relatives of migraine patients. Notably, before NTG administration, subjects in the headache group had lower Tsk values, especially in the nose area, than women in the pain‐free group (n = 6). NTG‐induced headache was associated with a long‐lasting increase of Tsk over the baseline. In sharp contrast, in the pain‐free group, the Tsk reduced and returned rapidly to the baseline. Thus, the low baseline level and greater increase of regional Tsk correlated with the incidence of headache that supports a role of greater vascular changes in headache happening on the basis of the dissimilarities in vascular tone. An easily accessible phenomenon of ‘cold nose’ may indicate background vascular dysfunctions in individuals with predisposition to headache. Facial infrared thermography, coupled with NTG administration, suggests a novel temporally controlled approach for non‐invasive investigation of vascular processes accompanying headaches.
Assessing Research Interest and Capacity in Community Health Centers
Authors: Hacker Karen , Bhuiya Nazmim , Pernice Joan , Khan Sami M. , Sequist Thomas D. , Tendulkar Shalini A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveCommunity health centers (CHCs) have great potential to participate in the development of evidence‐based primary care but face obstacles to engagement in clinical translational research.MethodsTo understand factors associated with CHC interest in building research infrastructure, Harvard Catalyst and the Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers conducted an online survey of medical directors in all 50 Massachusetts CHC networks.ResultsThirty‐two (64%) medical directors completed the survey representing 126 clinical sites. Over 80% reported that their primary care providers (PCPs) were slightly to very interested in future clinical research and that they were interested in building research infrastructure at their CHC. Frequently cited barriers to participation in research included financial issues, lack of research skills, and lack of research infrastructure. In bivariate analyses, PCP interest in future clinical research and a belief that involvement in research contributed to PCP retention were significantly associated with interest in building research infrastructure.ConclusionCHCs critical role in caring for vulnerable populations ideally positions them to raise relevant research questions and translate evidence into practice. Our findings suggest a high interest in engagement in research among CHC leadership. CTSAs have a unique opportunity to support local CHCs in this endeavor.
Strategies for Mentor Matching: Lessons Learned
Authors: Hacker Beth M. , Subramanian Lalitha , Schnapp Lynn M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMentoring serves to guide early stage researchers toward opportunities which can further their careers. The most beneficial mentoring experience occurs when both the mentor and mentee share a common background and have appropriate expectations. Our CTSA serves individuals in a five state region with widely disparate needs and we have often struggled to provide appropriate guidance for those requesting mentoring services. Here we present an overview of our past mentor identification strategy along with a proposed new direction to increase flexibility, sustainability and better serve researchers in our region.
Evaluating Various Areas of Process Improvement in an Effort to Improve Clinical Research: Discussions from the 2012 Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Clinical Research Management Workshop
Authors: Strasser Jane E. , Cola Philip A. , Rosenblum Daniel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEmphasis has been placed on assessing the efficiency of clinical and translational research as part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) goal to “improve human health.” Improvements identified and implemented by individual organizations cannot address the research infrastructure needs of all clinical and translational research conducted. NIH's National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has brought together 61 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) sites creating a virtual national laboratory that reflects the diversity and breadth of academic medical centers to collectively improve clinical and translational science. The annual Clinical Research Management workshop is organized by the CTSA consortium with participation from CTSA awardees, NIH, and others with an interest in clinical research management. The primary objective of the workshop is to disseminate information that improves clinical research management although the specific objectives of each workshop evolve within the consortium. The fifth annual workshop entitled “Learning by doing; applying evidence‐based tools to re‐engineer clinical research management” took place in June 2012. The primary objective of the 2012 workshop was to utilize data to evaluate, modify, and improve clinical research management. This report provides a brief summary of the workshop proceedings and the major themes discussed among the participants.
Cross‐Sectional Evidence for a Stress‐Negative Affect Pathway to Substance Use among Sexual Minority Girls
Authors: Marshal Michael P. , Burton Chad M. , Chisolm Deena J. , Sucato Gina S. , Friedman Mark S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSexual minority girls (SMGs) are four times more likely to engage in substance use than are heterosexual girls. A better understanding of the explanatory mechanisms of this disparity is needed to inform prevention and intervention programs. The goal of this study was to conduct a preliminary test of a “stress‐negative affect” pathway by examining gay‐related victimization and depression as mediators of substance use among SMGs. Adolescent girls (N = 156, 41% SMGs) were recruited from two urban adolescent medicine clinics to participate in an NIH‐funded study of adolescent substance use. The average age was 17.0 years old and 57% were nonwhite. Mediation analyses were conducted in a multiple regression framework using SPSS and a mediation macro utilizing bias‐corrected bootstrapping. Four models were estimated to test mediated pathways from sexual orientation to gay‐related victimization (Mediator 1), to depression symptoms (Mediator 2), and then to each of four substance use variables: cigarettes, marijuana, alcohol, and heavy alcohol use. Significant mediated pathways (mediation tests with 95% CIs) were found for cigarette, alcohol and heavy alcohol use outcome variables. Results provide preliminary support for the minority stress hypothesis and the stress‐negative affect pathway, and may inform the development of future prevention and intervention programs.
Pathways of Translation: Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Gionfriddo Michael R. , Greenberg Alexandra J. , Wahegaonkar Abhijeet L. , Lee Kendall H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractElectrical stimulation of the brain has a 2000 year history. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), one form of neurostimulation, is a functional neurosurgical approach in which a high‐frequency electrical current stimulates targeted brain structures for therapeutic benefit. It is an effective treatment for certain neuropathologic movement disorders and an emerging therapy for psychiatric conditions and epilepsy. Its translational journey did not follow the typical bench‐to‐bedside path, but rather reversed the process. The shift from ancient and medieval folkloric remedy to accepted medical practice began with independent discoveries about electricity during the 19th century and was fostered by technological advances of the 20th. In this paper, we review that journey and discuss how the quest to expand its applications and improve outcomes is taking DBS from the bedside back to the bench.
The Secure Medical Research Workspace: An IT Infrastructure to Enable Secure Research on Clinical Data
Authors: Shoffner Michael , Owen Phillips , Mostafa Javed , Lamm Brent , Wang Xiaoshu , Schmitt Charles P. , Ahalt Stanley C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClinical data have tremendous value for translational research, but only if security and privacy concerns can be addressed satisfactorily. A collaboration of clinical and informatics teams, including RENCI, NC TraCS, UNC's School of Information and Library Science, Information Technology Service's Research Computing and other partners at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have developed a system called the Secure Medical Research Workspace (SMRW) that enables researchers to use clinical data securely for research. SMRW significantly minimizes the risk presented when using identified clinical data, thereby protecting patients, researchers, and institutions associated with the data. The SMRW is built on a novel combination of virtualization and data leakage protection and can be combined with other protection methodologies and scaled to production levels.
Climate change and passive transport of European eel larvae
Authors: Pacariz Selma , Westerberg Håkan , Björk Göran 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne hypothesis to explain the large decline in the recruitment of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the 1980s onwards is that a change in ocean circulation has influenced the drift of eel larvae, resulting in lower recruitment. To test this hypothesis, a simple Lagrangian model was constructed to simulate a passive drift from the spawning area in the Sargasso Sea to the European shelf. The simulation utilised the velocity data from a reanalysis of ocean climate, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA 2.1.6), for the period 1958–2008 covering the time of regime shift in eel recruitment. The average drift time and latitudinal distribution of the arrival of eel larvae were explored for a range of constant depth levels and instantaneous mortalities. The model showed that the proportion of eel larvae carried by the North‐East Atlantic Current to northern latitudes of arrival was greater before 1970, whereas there was an increase in amount of larvae being entrained into the southbound current branches after this time. The overall success of drift from the spawning area to the East Atlantic was not affected and clearly contradicts that this could explain the observed recruitment decline.
Applying the Cognitive Vulnerability Model to the analysis of cognitive and family influences on children's dental fear
Authors: Crego Antonio , Carrillo‐Diaz Maria , Armfield Jason M. , Romero Martin 
Published: April 2013

Negative experiences, cognitions, and family variables are involved in the etiology of child dental fear, but previous research has frequently considered them separately. This study uses the Cognitive Vulnerability Model to explore the influence of negative dental experiences and family members on children's dental anxiety. The participants were 185 children who completed a questionnaire comprising measures of dental fear and cognitive vulnerability‐related perceptions. Measures were obtained for 88 of the participants' fathers and for 97 of the participants' mothers. Cognitive vulnerability perceptions had the strongest association with children's dental fear (β = 0.40), explaining 14–21% of the variance in dental fear scores beyond that explained by other variables. Furthermore, vulnerability perceptions mediated the relationship between negative dental experiences and dental fear. Children's dental fear and cognitive vulnerability perceptions were significantly associated with those of their fathers (r = 0.23 and r = 0.40, respectively) and mothers (r = 0.28 and r = 0.35, respectively). Moreover, fathers' (β = 0.24) and mothers' (β = 0.31) levels of cognitive vulnerability significantly predicted the children's levels of dental fear. The Cognitive Vulnerability Model offers a framework to understand child dental fear. Furthermore, this cognitive approach may help explain why some children develop dental fear problems after suffering a negative dental experience and how dental anxiety is passed on from parents to children.
Characteristics of Streptococcus mutans genotypes and dental caries in children
Authors: Cheon Kyounga , Moser Stephen A. , Wiener Howard W. , Whiddon Jennifer , Momeni Stephanie S. , Ruby John D. , Cutter Gary R. , Childers Noel K. 
Published: April 2013

This longitudinal cohort study evaluated the diversity, commonality, and stability of Streptococcus mutans genotypes associated with dental caries history. Sixty‐seven 5‐ and 6‐yr‐old children, considered as being at high caries risk, had plaque collected from baseline through 36 months for S. mutans isolation and genotyping using repetitive extragenic palindromic‐PCR (4,392 total isolates). Decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (dmfs (primary teeth)/DMFS (secondary teeth)) for each child were recorded at baseline. At baseline, 18 distinct genotypes were found among 911 S. mutans isolates from 67 children (diversity), and 13 genotypes were shared by at least two children (commonality). The number of genotypes per individual was positively associated with the proportion of decayed surfaces (p‐ds) at baseline. Twenty‐four of the 39 children who were available at follow‐up visits maintained a predominant genotype for the follow‐up periods (stability) and this was negatively associated with the p‐ds. The observed diversity, commonality, and stability of S. mutans genotypes represent a pattern of dental caries epidemiology in this high‐caries‐risk community, which suggests that fewer decayed surfaces are significantly associated with lower diversity and higher stability of S. mutans genotypes.
Oxytocin modulates proliferation and stress responses of human skin cells: implications for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Deing Verena , Roggenkamp Dennis , Kühnl Jochen , Gruschka Alisa , Stäb Franz , Wenck Horst , Bürkle Alexander , Neufang Gitta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe neuropeptide hormone oxytocin (OXT) mediates a wide spectrum of tissue‐specific actions, ranging from cell growth, cell differentiation, sodium excretion to stress responses, reproduction and complex social behaviour. Recently, OXT expression was detected in keratinocytes, but expression of its receptor and function are still unexplored in human skin. Here, we showed that both OXT and its receptor are expressed in primary human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. OXT‐induced dose‐dependent calcium fluxes in both cell types demonstrating that the OXT receptor (OXTR) is functionally expressed. We also showed that OXT decreases proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a dose‐dependent manner. In order to further investigate OXT‐mediated functions in skin cells, we performed OXTR knockdown experiments. OXTR knockdown in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes led to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and reduced levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, OXTR‐depleted keratinocytes exhibited an increased release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL6, CCL5 and CXCL10. Our data indicate that the OXT system modulates key processes which are dysregulated in atopic dermatitis (AD) such as proliferation, inflammation and oxidative stress responses. Furthermore, we detected a downregulation of the OXT system in peri‐lesional and lesional atopic skin. Taken together, these data suggest that the OXT system is a novel neuroendocrine mediator in human skin homoeostasis and clinically relevant to stressed skin conditions like AD.
Ecological response differentials: an alternative benchmark to inform stream and river bioassessment
Authors: Collier Kevin J. , Hamer Mark P. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Contemporary patterns of land development mean that suitable reference sites for low‐gradient stream and non‐wadeable river biomonitoring are difficult to locate, requiring alternative approaches for benchmarking human impacts. We use two strongly harmonised macroinvertebrate data sets for wadeable streams (180 sites) and non‐wadeable rivers (30 sites) to (i) quantify metric response differentials across a regional landcover pressure gradient in northern New Zealand; (ii) interpolate reference condition for waterway types lacking comparable reference sites and (iii) inform development of narrative condition bands for data‐poor waterway types.

Cumulative distribution functions of per cent waterway length indicated that near‐shore littoral samples from non‐wadeable rivers had fewer total and EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) taxa than wadeable streams, which had higher % EPT abundance and lower % Crustacea abundance. Community composition differed significantly among non‐wadeable river and wadeable hard‐bottom and soft‐bottom stream samples, reflecting factors associated with catchment altitude, slope, rainfall and landuse intensity.

Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera richness was the only metric evaluated that significantly reflected landcover across all waterway types. The intercept of the 60th percentile quantile regression line at 100% native vegetation cover provided the best approximation of median EPT taxa richness in an independent reference site data set for hard‐bottom streams. Applying the same interpolation to samples from soft‐bottom streams and non‐wadable rivers that lacked regional reference sites indicated median reference expectations of 9 and 11 EPT taxa, respectively, and a consistent differential across the pressure gradient relative to hard‐bottom streams of seven taxa and five taxa, respectively.

The derived response differentials enabled the development of narrative bands for directly comparing ecological condition of data‐poor stream and river types. Quantification of ecological response differentials can provide an alternative means of benchmarking macroinvertebrate metrics in the absence of suitable reference sites.
Finding the appropriate variables to model the distribution of vector‐borne parasites with different environmental preferences: climate is not enough
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Antón , Fernández‐González Sofía , de la Hera Iván , Pérez‐Tris Javier 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUnderstanding how environmental variation influences the distribution of parasite diversity is critical if we are to anticipate disease emergence risks associated with global change. However, choosing the relevant variables for modelling current and future parasite distributions may be difficult: candidate predictors are many, and they seldom are statistically independent. This problem often leads to simplistic models of current and projected future parasite distributions, with climatic variables prioritized over potentially important landscape features or host population attributes. We studied avian blood parasites of the generaPlasmodium,HaemoproteusandLeucocytozoon(which are viewed as potential emergent pathogens) in 37 Iberian blackcapSylvia atricapillapopulations. We used Partial Least Squares regression to assess the relative importance of a wide array of putative determinants of variation in the diversity of these parasites, including climate, landscape features and host population migration. Both prevalence and richness of parasites were predominantly related to climate (an effect which was primarily, but not exclusively driven by variation in temperature), but landscape features and host migration also explained variation in parasite diversity. Remarkably, different models emerged for each parasite genus, although all parasites were studied in the same host species. Our results show that parasite distribution models, which are usually based on climatic variables alone, improve by including other types of predictors. Moreover, closely related parasites may show different relationships to the same environmental influences (both in magnitude and direction). Thus, a model used to develop one parasite distribution can probably not be applied identically even to the most similar host–parasite systems.
In vitro comparison of induction capacity and biomineralization ability of mineral trioxide aggregate and a bioceramic root canal sealer
Authors: Güven E. P. , Taşlı P. N. , Yalvac M. E. , Sofiev N. , Kayahan M. B. , Sahin F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and iRoot SP, a bioceramic root canal sealer, on the cell viability, hard tissue deposition capacity and odontogenic differentiation of human tooth germ stem cells (hTGSCs).MethodologyThe dental materials MTA, iRoot SP and Dycal were packed into Teflon rings and placed on transwell inserts for toxicity evaluations by the MTS assay on days 3 and 7. Dycal was used as a positive control for the cell viability assay. Teflon rings were cocultured with hTGSCs, followed by the induction of odontogenic differentiation. The odontogenic differentiation of hTGSCs and biomineralization ability of the materials were evaluated by analysing the mRNA expression levels of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagen type 1A (COL1A) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction expression analysis, measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and visualization of calcium deposits by von Kossa staining.ResultsMTA and iRoot SP exhibited no cytotoxicity, but Dycal caused cytotoxicity (P < 0.05) of almost all of the cells after 7 days. MTA significantly stimulated (P < 0.05) the odontogenic differentiation of hTGSCs compared with iRoot SP. MTA and iRoot SP increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of COL1A and DSPP mRNA compared with noninduced hTGSCs, which served as a negative control (NC). iRoot SP, however, significantly decreased (P < 0.05) COL1A and DSPP mRNA expression levels compared with the PC.ConclusionMTA and iRoot SP induced hTGSC differentiation into odontoblast‐like cells, but MTA might provide more inductive potential and hard tissue deposition compared with iRoot SP.