bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the structure, age, and evolution of the Wharton Basin to better understand subduction under Indonesia
Authors: Jacob Jensen , Dyment Jérôme , Yatheesh V. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the subduction processes along the Sunda Trench requires detailed constraints on the subducting lithosphere. We build a detailed tectonic map of the Wharton Basin based on reinterpretation of satellite‐derived gravity anomalies and marine magnetic anomalies. The Wharton Basin is characterized by a fossil ridge, dated ~36.5 Ma, offset by N‐S fracture zones. Magnetic anomalies 18 to 34 (38–84 Ma) are identified on both flanks, although a large part of the basin has been subducted. We analyze the past plate kinematic evolution of the Wharton Basin by two‐plate (India‐Australia) and three‐plate (India‐Australia‐Antarctica) reconstructions. Despite the diffuse plate boundaries within the Indo‐Australian plate for the last 20 Ma, we obtain finite rotation parameters that we apply to reconstruct the subducted Wharton Basin and constrain the thickness, buoyancy, and rheology of the subducting plate. The lower subductability of younger lithosphere off Sumatra has important consequences on the morphology, with a shallower trench, forearc islands, and a significant inward deviation of the subduction system. This deviation decreases in the youngest area, where the Wharton fossil spreading center enters subduction: The discontinuous magmatic crust and serpentinized upper mantle, consequences of the slow spreading rates at which this area was formed, weaken the mechanical resistance to subduction and facilitate the restoration of the accretionary prism. Deeper effects include the possible creation of asthenospheric windows beneath the Andaman Sea, in relation to the long‐offset fracture zones, and east of 105°E, as a result of subduction of the spreading center.
Igneous mineralogy at Bradbury Rise: The first ChemCam campaign at Gale crater
Authors: Sautter V. , Fabre C. , Forni O. , Toplis M. J. , Cousin A. , Ollila A. M. , Meslin P. Y. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. , Baratoux D. , Mangold N. , Le Mouélic S. , Gasnault O. , Berger G. , Lasue J. , Anderson R. A. , Lewin E. , Schmidt M. , Dyar D. , Ehlmann B. L. , Bridges J. , Clark B. , Pinet P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTextural and compositional analyses using Chemistry Camera (ChemCam) remote microimager and laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) have been performed on five float rocks and coarse gravels along the first 100 m of the Curiosity traverse at Bradbury Rise. ChemCam, the first LIBS instrument sent to another planet, offers the opportunity to assess mineralogic diversity at grain‐size scales (~ 100 µm) and, from this, lithologic diversity. Depth profiling indicates that targets are relatively free of surface coatings. One type of igneous rock is volcanic and includes both aphanitic (Coronation) and porphyritic (Mara) samples. The porphyritic sample shows dark grains that are likely pyroxene megacrysts in a fine‐grained mesostasis containing andesine needles. Both types have magnesium‐poor basaltic compositions and in this respect are similar to the evolved Jake Matijevic rock analyzed further along the Curiosity traverse both with Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer and ChemCam instruments. The second rock type encountered is a coarse‐grained intrusive rock (Thor Lake) showing equigranular texture with millimeter size crystals of feldspars and Fe‐Ti oxides. Such a rock is not unique at Gale as the surrounding coarse gravels (such as Beaulieu) and the conglomerate Link are dominated by feldspathic (andesine‐bytownite) clasts. Finally, alkali feldspar compositions associated with a silica polymorph have been analyzed in fractured filling material of Preble rock and in Stark, a putative pumice or an impact melt. These observations document magmatic diversity at Gale and describe the first fragments of feldspar‐rich lithologies (possibly an anorthosite) that may be ancient crust transported from the crater rim and now forming float rocks, coarse gravel, or conglomerate clasts.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Mediated Photoactivation of a Platinum Antitumor Prodrug and Simultaneous Cellular Apoptosis Imaging by Upconversion‐Luminescent Nanoparticles
Authors: Min Yuanzeng , Li Jinming , Liu Fang , Yeow Edwin K. L. , Xing Bengang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPlatinum‐based drugs are among the most active antitumor reagents in clinical practice; their application is limited by side effects and drug resistance. A novel and personalized near‐infrared (NIR) light‐activated nanoplatform is obtained by combining a photoactivatable platinum(IV) prodrug and a caspase imaging peptide conjugated with silica‐coated upconversion‐luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the remote control of antitumor platinum prodrug activation, and simultaneously for real‐time imaging of apoptosis induced by activated cytotoxicity. Upon NIR light illumination, the PtIV prodrug complex is activated at the surface of the nanoparticle and active components are selectively released which display cytotoxicity against human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells and its cisplatin‐resistant variant A2780cis cells. More importantly, the caspases enzymes triggered by cytotoxicity would effectively cleave the probe peptide, thereby allowing the direct imaging of apoptosis in living cells.
Bifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide/V2O5 Composite Hydrogel: Fabrication, High Performance as Electromagnetic Wave Absorbent and Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xie Anjian , Wang Cuiping , Wang Haisheng , Shen Yuhua , Tian Xingyou 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMultifunctional graphene hydrogels have attracted great attention aimed at practical applications. Herein, the novel and bifunctional composite hydrogel containing reduced graphene‐oxide nanosheets (RGO) and V2O5 nanobelts (RGO/V2O5) is successfully prepared for the first time. Surprisingly, tridimensional (3D) RGO/V2O5 composite hydrogels cannot only be used as high‐performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbents; they also exhibit excellent properties suitable for supercapacitor electrodes. The composites exhibit a maximum absorption of up to −21.5 dB. In particular, a composite hydrogel showed a bandwidth of 6.63 GHz, corresponding to a reflection loss at −10 dB, which opens the possibility for the use of 3D graphene with other functional nanomaterials as lightweight and high‐performance EM wave absorption materials. Remarkably, the composite hydrogel is capable of delivering a high specific capacitance of about 320 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1.
An Equivalent Circuit Model for Semiparallel Plate Electrostatic Torsion Mirror
Authors: Maruyama Satoshi , Mita Makoto , Isamoto Keiji , Chong Changho , Fujita Hiroyuki , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYAn equivalent circuit model for a semiparallel plate electrostatic torsion mirror has been developed based on an electrical circuit simulator. An analytical model for the electrostatic torque has been translated into a nonlinear dependent current source as a function of the input voltages that interpret the drive voltages and the mirror angle. Use of the suspension width as a fitting parameter explained well the experimental results on frequency response and the mirror's static deflection. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 37–47, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11486
Phononic‐Crystal Acoustic Lens by Design for Energy‐Transmission Devices
Authors: Kanno Yusuke , Tsuruta Kenji , Fujimori Kazuhiro , Fukano Hideki , Nogi Shigeji 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThe lens effect of acoustic waves in a two‐dimensional (2D) phononic crystal is studied by numerical simulation based on the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. We calculate the phonon band structure of 2D phononic crystals, consisting of metal/ceramic cylinders placed periodically in water. The lens effect is observed for the far‐field wave in phononic crystals with two‐layered and graded‐index structure. We compare the focal intensity and the energy transmission efficiency in these numerical experiments, and show that a novel energy‐transmission device can be designed using phononic crystals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 97(1): 22–27, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11491
Organocatalytic Synthesis of (Arylselanyl)phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamides by Cycloaddition between Azidophenyl Arylselenides and β‐Oxo‐amides
Authors: Seus Natália , Goldani Bruna , Lenardão Eder J. , Savegnago Lucielli , Paixão Márcio W. , Alves Diego 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe describe the use of β‐oxo‐amides in organocatalytic cycloaddition with aryl azidophenyl selenides. The cycloaddition reactions were performed under mild conditions, with β‐oxo‐amides and aryl azidophenyl selenides in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et2NH (5 mol‐%), and the corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields. This organocatalytic methodology tolerated a range of substituents either in the β‐oxo‐amides or in the aryl azidophenyl selenides and proved to be an efficient methodology for the combinatorial synthesis of new selenium‐containing triazole compounds.
The influence of lithium on calcium homeostasis in older patients in daily clinical practice
Authors: van Melick Els Jacoba Maria , Wilting Ingeborg , Ziere Gijsbertus , Kok Robert Martin , Egberts Toine Cornelis Gerardus 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundLithium can influence calcium homeostasis resulting in changes in parathormone set point and renal calcium handling. The clinical significance of these changes in older patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between duration of lithium treatment and corrected calcium, parathormone and 24‐h urinary calcium excretion in older psychiatric patients corrected for renal function and vitamin 25OH D and also to estimate the point prevalence of hypercalcemia and raised parathormone.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of psychiatric outpatients visiting a specialized facility for older patients treated with lithium was performed. Patients underwent a comprehensive assessment and blood and urine testing. Potential confounders of calcium homeostasis were recorded. On the basis of the duration of lithium treatment, patients were divided into four groups.ResultsOne hundred eleven patients were included, mean age 75.2 years. There was no significant association between the duration of lithium treatment and corrected calcium, parathormone and 24‐h urinary calcium excretion. The point prevalence of hypercalcemia was 2.7% and 47.8% for raised parathormone. There was an unexpected but significant negative association between the duration of lithium treatment and vitamin 25OH D, with 76.9% vitamin 25OH D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) in the group using lithium for more than 10 years.ConclusionsNo association was found between duration of lithium treatment and calcium parameters in older psychiatric outpatients, but there was a high prevalence of raised parathormone and an unexpected negative association between duration of lithium treatment and 25OH D. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Six Competencies of a CEO
Authors: Maidique Modesto A. , Atamanik Candace , Perez Ruthann B. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMaidique, Atamanik, and Perez asked 25 CEOs of multibillion‐dollar organizations a challenging question: “What does a business leader need to do well to be effective?” This led to an analysis of 442 comments and 178 individual ideas, yielding many important insights with implications for anyone running an enterprise. They identified six critical competencies, explained in more detail in their article: (1) self‐awareness, (2) having a moral compass, (3) being an effective listener, (4) possessing good judgment, (5) being a persuasive communicator, and (6) leading with tenacity. “The self,” they contend, “is the centerpiece of leadership.”
On the validity of the flow rule postulate for geomaterials
Authors: Wan Richard , Pinheiro Mauricio 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with a fundamental assumption in the theory of plasticity: the direction of plastic strain increments is independent of the loading (stress) increment direction. This assumption, also known as plastic flow rule postulate, works quite well for metal‐like materials. However, geomaterials such as sand present deformational mechanisms that are distinctive from those of metals when they are loaded. As such, we hereby examine the validity of this postulate for granular media accounting for their discrete nature. This is accomplished by analysing the mechanical behaviour of a cubic assembly of polydispersed spherical articles using a particle flow code. An extension to Gudehus' response envelope to three‐dimensional conditions is used to study the incremental character and influence of loading direction on the behaviour of these materials. It is found that plastic flow in granular media is governed by both current state variables and incremental loading direction and magnitude, especially under non‐axisymmetric stress conditions. The flow rule postulate of plasticity remains valid only in axisymmetric and biaxial conditions. We also verified that the plastic response might be significantly influenced by the stress path (or history) taken prior to loading. These findings raise the question of whether or not classic elastoplastic models based on the above postulate will have serious shortcomings, especially in true‐triaxial conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gesture Formalization for Multitouch
Authors: Kammer D. , Henkens D. , Henzen C. , Groh R. 
Published: December 2013

SummarySince multitouch interfaces are steadily moving out of the experimental niche, the demand for comprehensive programming support increases. Between the formation of de facto standards for multitouch gestures by the industry, and continued research and experimentation by developers or academia, the abstraction of gesture properties becomes essential. This paper contributes a revision of the Gesture Formalization for Multitouch (GeForMT) gesture description language. This language aims at a short and concise syntax, which is still able to capture the complexity of multitouch gestures. We report on a previously missing reference architecture and practical implementation. Based on a study comparing the revised GeForMT language with other formalization approaches for multitouch gestures, we introduce an editor for GeForMT.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical capacitor applications: advantages and limitations of activated carbon, carbide‐derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, onion‐like carbon, and graphene
Authors: Gu Wentian , Yushin Gleb 
Published: December 2013

Electric double layer capacitors, also called supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, and electrochemical capacitors, are gaining increasing popularity in high power energy storage applications. Novel carbon materials with high surface area, high electrical conductivity, as well as a range of shapes, sizes and pore size distributions are being constantly developed and tested as potential supercapacitor electrodes. This article provides an overview of the electrochemical studies on activated carbon, carbide derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube, onion‐like carbon, and graphene. We discuss the key performance advantages and limitations of various nanostructured carbon materials and provide an overview of the current understanding of the structure–property relationships related to the transport and adsorption of electrolyte ions on their surfaces, specific and volumetric capacitance, self‐discharge, cycle life, electrolyte stability, and others. We discuss the impact of microstructural defects, pore size distribution, pore tortuosity, chemistry and functional groups on the carbon surface, nanoscale curvature, and carbon‐electrolyte interfacial energy. Finally, we review state‐of‐the art commercial large scale applications of supercapacitors, including their use in smart grids and distributed energy storage, hybrid electric and electric vehicles, energy efficient industrial equipment, ships, wind power stations, uninterruptible power supplies, power backup, and consumer devices. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:424–473. doi: 10.1002/wene.102This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Engineered skeletal muscle tissue for soft robotics: fabrication strategies, current applications, and future challenges
Authors: Duffy Rebecca M. , Feinberg Adam W. 
Published: December 2013

Skeletal muscle is a scalable actuator system used throughout nature from the millimeter to meter length scales and over a wide range of frequencies and force regimes. This adaptability has spurred interest in using engineered skeletal muscle to power soft robotics devices and in biotechnology and medical applications. However, the challenges to doing this are similar to those facing the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields; specifically, how do we translate our understanding of myogenesis in vivo to the engineering of muscle constructs in vitro to achieve functional integration with devices. To do this researchers are developing a number of ways to engineer the cellular microenvironment to guide skeletal muscle tissue formation. This includes understanding the role of substrate stiffness and the mechanical environment, engineering the spatial organization of biochemical and physical cues to guide muscle alignment, and developing bioreactors for mechanical and electrical conditioning. Examples of engineered skeletal muscle that can potentially be used in soft robotics include 2D cantilever‐based skeletal muscle actuators and 3D skeletal muscle tissues engineered using scaffolds or directed self‐organization. Integration into devices has led to basic muscle‐powered devices such as grippers and pumps as well as more sophisticated muscle‐powered soft robots that walk and swim. Looking forward, current, and future challenges include identifying the best source of muscle precursor cells to expand and differentiate into myotubes, replacing cardiomyocytes with skeletal muscle tissue as the bio‐actuator of choice for soft robots, and vascularization and innervation to enable control and nourishment of larger muscle tissue constructs.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Mesenchymal cells emerge as primary contributors to fibrosis in multiple tissues
Authors: Tsang Matthew 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA longstanding controversy exists regarding the cellular origin of myofibroblasts in tissue fibrosis. A recent study by Hung and colleagues (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188(7):820–830, 2013) used genetic fate mapping of FoxD1 embryonic progenitor cells to show a major and direct contribution of mesenchymal cells to fibrogenesis in the lung. Future studies using FoxD1‐specific inducible knockout models of pro‐fibrotic genes such as CCN2 will be valuable for determining anti‐fibrotic drug targets. The emergence of pericyte‐like myofibroblast precursors also raises the question of whether mesenchymal stem cells in various niches contribute to fibrotic responses throughout the body.
Pepducin targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 acts as a biased agonist favoring activation of the inhibitory G protein
Authors: Quoyer Julie , Janz Jay M. , Luo Jiansong , Ren Yong , Armando Sylvain , Lukashova Viktoria , Benovic Jeffrey L. , Carlson Kenneth E. , Hunt Stephen W. , Bouvier Michel 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Pepducins are a class of biologics that allosterically control G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity, but very little is known about their mode of action. Here, we report that ATI-2341, a pepducin targeting the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), functions as a biased ligand, favoring Gαi activation over Gα13. Moreover, contrary to the natural CXCR4 agonist, stromal cell-derived factor-1α, ATI-2341 does not promote β-arrestin recruitment. In addition to revealing the selective signaling underlying ATI-2341 effects on hematopoietic cell mobilization, the study shows that pepducins are powerful tools offering perspectives for studying GPCR functional selectivity that could impact the development of drugs with fewer side effects.
Structure-based model for light-harvesting properties of nucleic acid nanostructures
Authors: Pan Keyao , Boulais Etienne , Yang Lun , Bathe Mark 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Programmed self-assembly of DNA enables the rational design of megadalton-scale macromolecular assemblies with sub-nanometer scale precision. These assemblies can be programmed to serve as structural scaffolds for secondary chromophore molecules with light-harvesting properties. Like in natural systems, the local and global spatial organization of these synthetic scaffolded chromophore systems plays a crucial role in their emergent excitonic and optical properties. Previously, we introduced a computational model to predict the large-scale 3D solution structure and flexibility of nucleic acid nanostructures programmed using the principle of scaffolded DNA origami. Here, we use Förster resonance energy transfer theory to simulate the temporal dynamics of dye excitation and energy transfer accounting both for overall DNA nanostructure architecture as well as atomic-level DNA and dye chemical structure and composition. Results are used to calculate emergent optical properties including effective absorption cross-section, absorption and emission spectra and total power transferred to a biomimetic reaction center in an existing seven-helix double stranded DNA-based antenna. This structure-based computational framework enables the efficient in silico evaluation of nucleic acid nanostructures for diverse light-harvesting and photonic applications.
Extensive Functional Pleiotropy ofREVOLUTASubstantiated through Forward Genetics
Authors: Porth Ilga , Kláp¡tě Jaroslav , McKown Athena D. , La Mantia Jonathan , Hamelin Richard C. , Skyba Oleksandr , Unda Faride , Friedmann Michael C. , Cronk Quentin C.B. , Ehlting Jürgen , Guy Robert D. , Mansfield Shawn D. , El-Kassaby Yousry A. , Douglas Carl J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn plants, genes may sustain extensive pleiotropic functional properties by individually affecting multiple, distinct traits. We discuss results from three genome-wide association studies of approximately 400 natural poplar (Populus trichocarpa) accessions phenotyped for 60 ecological/biomass, wood quality, and rust fungus resistance traits. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the poplar ortholog of the class III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor gene REVOLUTA (PtREV) were significantly associated with three specific traits. Based on SNP associations with fungal resistance, leaf drop, and cellulose content, the PtREV gene contains three potential regulatory sites within noncoding regions at the gene’s 3′ end, where alternative splicing and messenger RNA processing actively occur. The polymorphisms in this region associated with leaf abscission and cellulose content are suggested to represent more recent variants, whereas the SNP associated with leaf rust resistance may be more ancient, consistent with REV’s primary role in auxin signaling and its functional evolution in supporting fundamental processes of vascular plant development.