bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Fully Accessible Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Emergency Department
Authors: Redd Vanessa , Levin Scott , Toerper Matthew , Creel Amanda , Peterson Susan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Joint Commission Comprehensive Stroke Center certification requires that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) be available on site, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for evaluation of stroke in emergency department (ED) patients. Increased access to advanced diagnostic imaging has been shown to increase utilization, ED length of stay (LOS), and health care costs. EDs nationwide face decisions to pursue certification and increase MRI access. Understanding changes in utilization and the downstream effects may inform these decisions.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine changes in emergency MRI utilization following placement of a 24/7 accessible MRI in the ED and its effects on resource utilization for rule‐out stroke and neurology consult patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study comparing MRI use during the 32 months before and 26 months after MRI acquisition period in the ED of a Level I trauma and stroke center. An interrupted time‐series design was used to account for changes in clinical practice patterns following MRI acquisition. Time‐series plots and segmented regression analyses are presented to compare utilization patterns pre‐ and post‐MRI and to understand potential confounding due to secular trends. Statistical hypothesis testing was used to determine differences in utilization, demographics, and clinical characteristics for cohorts pre‐ and post‐MRI.ResultsMRI utilization in the ED increased 38.4% for rule‐out stroke and 51.4% for neurology consult patients after MRI acquisition. The proportion of rule‐out stroke patients receiving MRI increased from 32.5% pre‐MRI to 45.0% post‐MRI (p < 0.001). The proportion of neurology consult patients increased from 32.6% pre‐MRI to 49.4% post‐MRI (p < 0.001). Considering baseline increases in MRI utilization rates for both cohorts over time, segmented regression models detected more substantial and significant changes in utilization after MRI acquisition for the larger neurology cohort (p < 0.001) compared to the rule‐out stroke cohort (p = 0.095). However, hospital admission rates declined 16.7% for rule‐out stroke patients (68.2% pre, 56.8% post; p < 0.001) and remained constant for neurology patients (56.5% pre, 57.5% post; p = 0.414). Patients who obtained MRI in the ED had increased ED LOS, but decreased hospital LOS (admitted patients), compared to those with no MRI for pre and post cohorts.ConclusionsEmergency MRI utilization increased substantially after placement of a fully accessible MRI in the ED. Patients receiving emergency MRI had increased ED LOS, decreased admission rates for some patients (rule‐out stroke), and reduced hospital LOS for those admitted. Potential changes in ED patient resource utilization should be considered when determining whether to acquire an MRI for Comprehensive Stroke Center certification.
A comparison of conventional visual and spectrophotometric shade taking by trained and untrained dental students
Authors: Alshiddi IF , Richards LC 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of shade selection using a spectrophotometer with a conventional method using a shade guide for ‘trained’ and ‘untrained’ students.MethodsThe ‘trained’ group were given a presentation and training exercise on colour science and shade selection and the ‘untrained’ group were not given any information or training. Each student matched the shade of maxillary right central incisor for eight test subjects using both methods. Differences in colour (∆E) and value (∆L) between the natural teeth and the shade determined by each method were calculated for both trained and untrained students.ResultsOverall, the spectrophotometric method was more accurate but ‘trained’ students tended to be more accurate in matching shade using the visual method and were significantly better in matching the value visually than when using the spectrophotometer. ‘Untrained’ students matched both the shade and the value more accurately when using the spectrophotometer.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, matching the shade of natural teeth using a spectrophotometric device is more accurate than a conventional method using a shade guide. However, knowledge and training on colour science and shade selection significantly affected the results.
Digital display monitor performance in general dental practice
Authors: Butt A , Savage NW 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe performance of computer displays represents an important factor influencing the quality of digital radiographs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of computer displays used for the purposes of diagnostic radiology in a sample of dental practices in one Australian state.MethodsTwelve dental practices comprising 29 displays elected to participate in a detailed performance evaluation of their computer displays according to the AAPM TG18 and DICOM part 14 GSDF standards.ResultsNone of the 29 displays tested passed the primary or secondary acceptance criteria developed by the AAPM TG18. The greatest contributor to display failure, both prior to and following calibration, were specular and diffuse reflection. When the parameter of display reflection was ignored, the most frequent parameters contributing to display failure following calibration included the primary grade acceptance criteria of noise (n = 29, 100%), contrast ratio (n = 9, 31%) and maximum luminance (n = 12, 41%). However, display calibration resulted in a significant improvement in the parameter of contrast response.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated significant problems concerning the performance of display monitors in the population surveyed. In recognition of the growing utilization of digital imaging in dentistry the importance of the computer display should be considered.
Subungual fibro‐osseous pseudotumour of the toe
Authors: Meani Rowena E , Bloom Richard J , Battye Shane , Chamberlain Alex J 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSubungual fibro‐osseous pseudotumour of the toe is a rare osseous soft tissue tumour of which only six cases have been described in the literature. We present a case in a teenage boy that posed an instructive diagnostic challenge and discuss the distinguishing features of the various differential diagnoses. The subungual location is very rare. For such tumours, radiology is as vital as histopathology in making a diagnosis and excluding neoplasia. Accurate diagnosis requires careful clinico‐pathological and radiological correlation. These sorts of lesions may present to the dermatologist, not always the foot surgeon.
Assessment of parafoveal cone density in patients taking hydroxychloroquine in the absence of clinically documented retinal toxicity
Authors: Debellemanière Guillaume , Flores Mathieu , Tumahai Perle , Meillat Mathieu , Bidaut Garnier Mélanie , Delbosc Bernard , Saleh Maher 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeTo measure cone density in patients taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), with no clinical evidence of maculopathy.MethodsPatients visiting for HCQ macular toxicity screening in the Besançon University Hospital Ophthalmology Department (France) were studied. They underwent routine examination including spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence and multifocal electroretinogram to detect HCQ‐induced retinal toxicity. Cone metrics (density, spacing and percentage of cones with six neighbours) were obtained using an adaptive optics camera (RTX1, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The region of interest corresponded to a 0.3° × 0.3° square placed nasally and temporally at 2° of eccentricity from the fovea.ResultsForty eyes of 23 patients were studied. The majority of the patients (21/23) were female. They were aged from 25 to 60 years (mean age ± SD: 40.1 years ± 10). The cumulative dose for HCQ ranged from 24 to 2160 g (777 ± 558 g). None of them displayed HCQ toxicity on screening tests. Bivariate analysis showed moderate cone loss with escalating doses of HCQ (linear regression, r² = 0.23, p = 0.018). Cone spacing also increased with increasing cumulative dose (r² = 0.17, p = 0.008). Cone packing remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age and cumulative dose were additive and independent factors of cone dropout.ConclusionsIn this pilot study, we observed moderate cone loss as HCQ cumulative doses increased. The early detection of parafoveal cone metric changes may represent the earliest sign of HCQ macular toxicity during screening.
Synthesis of Novel 3‐aryl‐1‐oxa‐2,8‐diazaspiro[4.5]dec‐2‐ene Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluation Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
Authors: Wang Wen‐Long , Chen Xia , Gao Li‐Xin , Sheng Li , Li Jing‐Ya , Li Jia , Feng Bainian 
Published: May 2015

A series of novel 3‐aryl‐1‐oxa‐2,8‐diazaspiro[4.5]dec‐2‐ene derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a new class of inhibitors against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Among them, compound 6f displayed moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 of 2.87 ± 0.24 μm and can be used as a novel lead compound for the design of inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
Impact of a Multifaceted Intervention on Promoting Adherence to Screening Colonoscopy Among Persons in HIV Primary Care: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ferron Pansy , Asfour Shihab S. , Metsch Lisa R. , Antoni Michael H. , Rodriguez Allan E. , Duncan Robert , Findlay Sheila M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHIV‐positive patients have lower colon cancer screening rates and are at increased risk for colon adenocarcinoma. We tested a transdisciplinary prevention model to increase provider and patient adherence to screening colonoscopy. Of 1,339 HIV‐positive patients with scheduled clinic appointments during the period September to November 2009, we identified 400 records of eligible patients ≥50 years and retrospectively reviewed for screening colonoscopy referral; if never referred, flagged for referral at next visit. Providers referred 43.5% (174/400) patients and 36.2% (63/174) kept appointment. Within 6 months before the study, 337 patients attended clinic and providers referred 18%. Note that 211/226 patients with flagged records attended clinic at least once during the study 6‐month period and providers referred (43.6%). The referral rate for flagged records was significantly different from that for the prior 6 months (p < 0.0001). A randomized trial compared the efficacy of patient decision support versus usual care on screening adherence. Among patients randomized to intervention 17 (51.5%) compared to usual care only 16 (48.5%), intervention group showed significant adherence of 70.6% (12/17) versus 29.4% (5/16), (p = 0.024). In addition, intervention patients had good bowel preparation of 76.9% (10/13) versus usual care 23.1% (3/13), (p = 0.05). This transdisciplinary intervention model significantly increased provider and patient screening colonoscopy behavior.
Impact of Professional Student Mentored Research Fellowship on Medical Education and Academic Medicine Career Path
Authors: Areephanthu Christopher James , Bole Raevti , Stratton Terry , Kelly Thomas H. , Starnes Catherine P. , Sawaya B. Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractContextThis study explores the long‐term impact of the Professional Student Mentored Research Fellowship (PSMRF) program at the University of Kentucky College of Medicine (UKCOM) on medical students’ research productivity and career paths.MethodsDemographic characteristics, academic profiles, number of publications and residency placements from 2007 to 2012 were used to assess 119 PSMRF graduates against a comparison cohort of 898 UKCOM (non‐PSMRF) students.ResultsPSMRF students had higher MCAT scores at admission (31.5 ± 0.6 vs. 30.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.007) and achieved higher USMLE Step 1 scores (228 ± 4.2 vs. 223 ± 1.5, p = 0.03) than comparison group. PSMRF students were more likely to publish PubMed‐indexed papers (36.7% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.0001), achieve AOA status (19.3% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.0002) and match to top 25 US News and World Report residency programs (23.4% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.008). A greater proportion of PSMRF fellows matched to top tier competitive specialties (23% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.07), however this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe PSMRF program shows a significant increase in enrollment, as well as positive associations with indicators of success in medical school and subsequent quality of residency program.
Association between hypoglycaemia and impaired hypoglycaemia awareness and mortality in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sejling A.‐S. , Schouwenberg B. , Færch L. H. , Thorsteinsson B. , de Galan B. E. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine whether severe hypoglycaemia and impaired hypoglycaemic awareness, a principal predictor of severe hypoglycaemia, are associated with all‐cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsMortality was recorded in two cohorts, one in Denmark (n = 269, follow‐up 12 years) and one in the Netherlands (n = 482, follow‐up 6.5 years). In both cohorts, awareness class was characterized and numbers of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia either during lifetime (Danish cohort) or during the preceding year (Dutch cohort) were recorded. In addition, episodes of severe hypoglycaemia were prospectively recorded every month for 1 year in the Danish cohort. Follow‐up data regarding mortality were obtained through medical reports and registries (Danish cohort).ResultsAll‐cause mortality was 14% (n = 39) in the Danish and 4% (n = 20) in the Dutch cohort. In either cohort, neither presence of episodes with severe hypoglycaemia nor impaired hypoglycaemia awareness were associated with increased mortality in age‐truncated Cox proportional hazard regression models. Variables associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality in both cohorts were evidence of macrovascular disease and reduced kidney function.ConclusionsSevere hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia unawareness are not associated with increased risk of all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Ten years of invasion: Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Britain
Authors: ROY HELEN E. , BROWN PETER M. J. 
Published: May 2015

1. Harmonia axyridis was first recorded in Britain in 2004. Two subsequent earlier records were received from 2003.2. The UK Ladybird Survey, a citizen science initiative involving online recording, was launched in 2005 to encourage people across Britain to track the spread of H. axyridis. Tens of thousands of people have provided records of H. axyridis and other species of ladybirds, creating an invaluable dataset for large‐scale and long‐term research. Declines in the distribution of seven (of eight assessed) native species of ladybird have been demonstrated, and correlated with the arrival of H. axyridis, using the records collated through the UK Ladybird Survey.3. Experimental research and field surveys have also contributed to our understanding of the ecology of H. axyridis and particularly the process of invasion. Harmonia axyridis arrived in Britain through dispersal and introduction events from regions in which it was deliberately released as a biological control agent. The rapid spread of this species has been attributed to its high natural dispersal capability by means of both flight and anthropogenic transport. A number of factors have contributed to the successful establishment and indeed dominance of this polymorphic species within aphidophagous guilds, including high reproductive capacity, intra‐guild predation, eurytopic nature, high resistance to natural enemies within the invaded range, and potentially phenotypic plasticity.4. The global invasion by H. axyridis and subsequent research on this species has contributed to the general understanding of biological invasions.
Can Retrieval Opportunities Increase Vocabulary Learning During Reading?
Authors: Barcroft Joe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBecause reading for meaning only can lead to low rates of second language (L2) vocabulary learning and because previous research has demonstrated the benefits of word retrieval opportunities for intentional L2 vocabulary learning (Barcroft, 2007; McNamara & Healy, 1995a, Experiment 2; Royer, 1973), the present study assessed the effect of providing learners with opportunities to retrieve novel words as they read a passage. Seventy‐four Spanish‐speaking intermediate learners of L2 English read an English text for meaning. Each of five target words (e.g., smidgen) appeared three times in the text. Control participants (n = 37) always viewed the Spanish translations of the target words. Participants in the experimental condition (n = 37) viewed the Spanish translation for each target word only the first time the word appeared and then attempted to retrieve and produce (write) the word on their own for the final two appearances. Both first language (L1)‐to‐L2 and L2‐to‐L1 posttests were administered. Results indicated a highly significant (51%) increase in vocabulary learning for the experimental group over the control group. These findings suggest that both partial and complete target word retrieval can strengthen developing lexical representations and that word retrieval may be utilized to increase vocabulary learning during reading regardless of the L2 in question.
Survey of coagulation factor concentrates tender and procurement procedures in 38 European Countries
Authors: O'Mahony B. , Noone D. , Prihodova L. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionProcurement of coagulation factor concentrates (CFCs) for the treatment of haemophilia is a vital process that determines the quantity and quality of factor replacement therapy.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the different tender and procurement systems used in Europe for the procurement of CFCs and the outcomes produced by the various systems.MethodsThe survey questionnaire consisted of 30 items and explored various aspects of the procurement process including the prices of CFCs. In 2014, the survey was sent out by the European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) to 45 national haemophilia patient organizations affiliated to the EHC in all European countries as well as to a designated clinician familiar with the procurement process.ResultsThe survey was completed by 38 European countries. Nineteen countries use a tender process, 17 an alternative procurement process and 2 use a combination of methods. A wide variety of agencies and individuals are involved in the process. Factors associated with optimum outcome and lower prices include a tender process with a specific legal framework and a tender board including haemophilia clinicians and patient organization representatives. Safety was reported as the most important selection criterion but given the safety profile of almost all currently licensed products, price was the main criterion used in many countries.ConclusionThe involvement of both clinicians and patient organizations greatly improves the outcome of a tender or procurement process, as does the presence of a legal framework that governs the process.
How Reliable Are the Findings of ‘Foreign’ Investor Studies That Use TIC Data? A Look from the Host Market
Authors: Ülkü Numan , Petrov Petar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEmpirical literature on foreign investors' trading in stock markets heavily relies on US Treasury International Capital (TIC) data. Biases in TIC data and the fact that it represents only one source country raise questions on how reliable the conclusions based on TIC data are. Employing novel data of complete foreign flows compiled at destination, we answer these questions. Although the correlations between net flows derived from TIC and destination‐compiled data are low, and visible differences exist in some individual country results, TIC findings are not far off in central tendency. Notably, however, net foreign flows' persistence, positive response to world returns and positive contemporaneous correlation with local returns are more significant than TIC data suggest. Measurement noise in TIC data appears to result in underestimation of these key features.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Degradation of Methylene Blue by SrBi3VO8 Nanoparticles
Authors: Pu Yinfu , Wang Jing , Huang Yanlin , Chen Cuili , Kim Sun Il , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: May 2015

Nanosized particles of strontium bismuth vanadate SrBi3VO8 were prepared via the Pechini method on the base of citrate‐complexation route. The samples were characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectra (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), and UV–vis absorption spectrum. This bismuth‐containing vanadate presents an efficient absorption in the UV–visible light wavelength region with a narrow band‐gap energy of 2.36 eV and an indirect allowed electronic transition. It is well‐known that hybridization of the 6s and 6p orbitals of Bi3+ could result in lone electron pair and yield some very interesting properties. The photocatalytic activities of SrBi3VO8 nanoparticles were evaluated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation in air atmosphere. These results indicate that SrBi3VO8 could be a potential photocatalyst driven by visible light. To understand the charge generation and separation process, the luminescence as well as the decay lifetimes was investigated in the same samples for photocatalysis.
Mortality of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities from SelectUSState Disability Service Systems and Medical Claims Data
Authors: Lauer Emily , McCallion Philip 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundMonitoring population trends including mortality within subgroups such as people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and between countries provides crucial information about the population's health and insights into underlying health concerns and the need for and effectiveness of public health efforts.MethodsData from bothUSstate intellectual and developmental disabilities service system administrative data sets and de‐identified state Medicaid claims were used to calculate average age at death and crude mortality rates.ResultsAverage age at death for people in state intellectual and developmental disabilities systems was 50.4–58.7 years and 61.2–63.0 years in Medicaid data, with a crude adult mortality rate of 15.2 per thousand.ConclusionsAge at death remains lower and mortality rates higher for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Improved case finding (e.g. medical claims) could provide more complete mortality patterns for the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities to inform the range of access and receipt of supportive and health‐related interventions and preventive care.