bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesion of medullary catecholaminergic neurons is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in rotenone‐induced Parkinson's disease rats
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Du Xixun , Xu Huamin , Xie Junxia , Jiang Hong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, non‐motor symptoms have been recognised as of vital importance in Parkinson's disease (PD); among these, cardiovascular dysfunctions are commonly seen in PD patients before their motor signs. The role of cardiovascular dysfunction in the progression of PD pathology, and its underlying mechanisms, are largely unknown. In the present study, in rotenone‐induced PD rats, there was a gradual reduction in the number of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) neurons after 7, 14 and 21 days treatment. With the 56% reduction in striatal dopamine content and 52% loss of TH‐ir neurons on the 14th day, the rats showed motor dysfunctions. However, from ECG power spectra, reductions in normalised low‐frequency power and in the low‐frequency power : high‐frequency power ratio, as well as in mean blood pressure, were observed as early as the 3rd day. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels were decreased by 39% and 26% respectively at the same time. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that both plasma NE and plasma E levels were positively correlated with MBP. Our results also showed that the loss of catecholaminergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but not in the caudal ventrolateral medulla or the nucleus tractus solitarii, emerged earlier than the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons. This suggests that dysfunction of catecholaminergic neurons in the RVLM might account for the reduced sympathetic activity, MBP and plasma catecholamine levels in the early stages of PD.
Role of adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node‐positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma and the prognostic significance of C‐reactive protein: A multi‐institutional, retrospective study
Authors: Fujita Kazutoshi , Inamoto Teruo , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Tanigawa Go , Nakayama Masashi , Mori Naoki , Tsujihata Masao , Azuma Haruhito , Nonomura Norio , Uemura Motohide 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo analyze the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in lymph node‐positive patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing radical nephroureterectomy, and identified the prognostic adjuvant chemotherapy parameters.MethodsThe clinicopathological records of 74 lymph node‐positive upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at multiple institutions were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 45 patients (60.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 29 (39.2%) underwent radical nephroureterectomy only. Kaplan–Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to study the association between adjuvant chemotherapy status and both recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival.ResultsEstimated 5‐year recurrence‐free survival was 33.6% in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy plus adjuvant chemotherapy compared with 13.5% in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy only (hazard ratio 0.52; P = 0.014, log–rank test). Estimated 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was 42.5% in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy plus adjuvant chemotherapy, compared with 12.0% in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy only (hazard ratio 0.36; P = 0.0003, log–rank test). Multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (P = 0.001), but not for recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.076). When patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy plus adjuvant chemotherapy were dichotomized, based on preoperative C‐reactive protein levels above or below the normal value, higher C‐reactive protein levels were significantly associated with poor survival (P = 0.012).ConclusionAdjuvant chemotherapy seems to improve cancer‐specific survival in lymph node‐positive patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Preoperative C‐reactive protein levels could carry a prognostic value in this setting, and lymph node‐positive patients with low preoperative CRP values should be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies are necessary to validate these observations.
Phase Diagram of the Li4GeS4–Li3PS4 Quasi‐Binary System Containing the Superionic Conductor Li10GeP2S12
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Kato Masahiko , Suzuki Kota , Hirayama Masaaki , Kato Yuki , Kanno Ryoji 
Published: July 2015

A phase diagram is constructed for the quasi‐binary Li4GeS4–Li3PS4 system containing the lithium superionic conductor Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS), having an LGPS‐type structure, and the β‐Li3PS4‐type phase, having a thio‐LISICON structure. The LGPS and thio‐LISICON intermediate compounds are found to exhibit solid solution ranges and show incongruent melting at 650°C and 560°C, respectively. The end‐member Li4GeS4 has a compositional range of 0 < k < 0.3 in [(1−k) Li4GeS4 + k Li3PS4], while the other end‐member γ‐Li3PS4 has no solid solution range. The crystal structures appearing in the binary systems are the α‐, β‐, and γ‐type Li3PS4 structures and the LGPS‐type structure, and these are formed by PS4 tetrahedra with different arrangements in each structure. The phase and structural relationships between the compounds appearing in the Li4GeS4–Li3PS4 system are thus clarified.
Temperature‐Dependent Scaling Behavior of Dynamic Hysteresis in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Zhou Zhiyong , Cao Fei , Nie Hengchang , Dong Xianlin , Wang Genshui 
Published: July 2015

The dynamic hysteresis scaling behaviors of Nb‐doped Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 ceramics have been investigated as a function of electric field amplitude (E0) and frequency (f) at different temperatures (T). The loop area <A> of saturated loops is found to follow various power laws as <A> ∝ E00.3065 at fixed f and <A> ∝ f 0.0120 at fixed E0. Furthermore, the linear scaling relation <A> = k3 fαE0β + b3 is estimated under various temperatures. The exponents α (=0.01) and β (=0.10) are T‐independent, whereas the slopes k3 and y‐intercepts b3 are T‐dependent because the increasing temperature in the same phase range only decreases the threshold field of the reversal rather than change the dynamic reversal process.
Enhanced Ferroelectric Phase Stability and High Temperature Piezoelectricity in PN Ceramics via Multisite Co‐Doping
Authors: Cai Kai , Jiang Feng , Deng Pingye , Ma Jingtao , Guo Dong 
Published: July 2015

The tungsten bronze‐type lead metaniobate (PbNb2O6, PN) is a promising material for high‐temperature piezoelectric devices, while its application is limited by the difficulty in fabrication. In this study, the microstructure and electrical properties of Ca‐doped PN and Ca, Mn‐co‐doped PN ceramics sintered at different temperatures were investigated. Doping promoted the formation of the originally metastable ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. This might be partly attributed to the increased lattice distortion of the orthorhombic phase in the doped samples compared to that reported for pure PN. However, in single A‐site Ca‐doped PN the ferroelectric orthorhombic structure showed a low stability and started to transform to paraelectric phase far below 300°C, resulting in unstable high temperature piezoelectric properties. Interestingly, such a phase transition was completely depressed by A‐site Ca and multisite Mn‐co‐doping, which also improved the piezoelectric performance (d33 = 71 pC/N) and thermal stability in both structure and piezoelectricity. The better stability and performance of the co‐doped samples were explained by the improved sintering behavior and poling efficiency as well as its ability to occupy different sites in the TTB lattice.
Efficient Energy Transfer and Enhanced Near‐IR Emission in Cu+/Nd3+‐Activated Aluminophosphate Glass
Authors: Jiménez José A. , Sendova Mariana , Zhao Chunqing 
Published: July 2015

The development of photonic materials for efficient energy conversion and high‐power solid‐state lasers is currently pursued given the wide range of applicable technologies and the possibility to help meet global energy demands in laser fusion power plants. In this work, Cu+ ions successfully incorporated in aluminophosphate glass are recognized as near‐ultraviolet (UV) sensitizers of Nd3+ ions resulting in remarkable near‐infrared (IR) 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 emission at 1.06 μm. Optical absorption, solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopies characterizations are employed and assessment methods for material optical and structural properties are proposed. The spectroscopic data indicates an efficient (>50%) nonradiative energy transfer where the Cu+ ions first absorb photons broadly around 360 nm, and subsequently transfer the energy from the Stokes‐shifted emitting states to resonant Nd3+ energy levels. Then, the Nd3+ electronic excited states decay and the upper lasing state 4F3/2 is populated, leading to enhanced near‐IR emission. It is suggested that the physico‐chemically robust Cu+/Nd3+ codoped aluminophosphate glass is a suitable candidate as solid‐state laser material with enhanced pump range in the near‐UV part of the spectrum and for solar spectral conversion in photovoltaic cells.
Direct Observation of Thickness Dependence of Ferroelectricity in Freestanding BaTiO3 Thin Film
Authors: Li Yueliang , Yu Rong , Zhou Huihua , Cheng Zhiying , Wang Xiaohui , Li Longtu , Zhu Jing 
Published: July 2015

In this work, we focus on the thickness dependence of the electric polarization in a freestanding BaTiO3 thin film. The locations of titanium and oxygen ions as well as their relative displacements were directly observed and measured by using aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC‐TEM). It is found that the freestanding BaTiO3 thin film keeps the tetragonal distortion when its thickness is thicker than 4.8 nm, while completely loses its ferroelectricity when thinner than 4.4 nm. The method of combining high‐resolution AC‐TEM imaging with the multiparameter simulation unit cell by unit cell was developed to accurately determine each local thickness of the sample. This method is powerful for quantitative analysis in AC‐TEM images.
Effect of Environmental Risk and Externalizing Comorbidity on Internalizing Problems Among Economically Disadvantaged African American Youth
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Bolland John M. , Dick Danielle , Mustanski Brian , Kertes Darlene A. 
Published: July 2015

This study examined the effects of racial discrimination, community violence, and stressful life events on internalizing problems among African American youth from high‐poverty neighborhoods (N = 607; 293 boys; Mage = 16.0 years, SD = 1.44 years). Mediated effects via externalizing problems on these relations were also examined, given the high comorbidity rate between internalizing and externalizing problems. Externalizing problems partially mediated the effect of stressful life events on internalizing problems and fully mediated the effect of racial discrimination for boys but not for girls. Exposure to violence had a significant indirect effect on internalizing problems via externalizing problems. The findings call for greater attention to internalizing problems among African American youth and pathways to internalizing problems via externalizing problems.
Epidemiology of biopsy‐proven glomerulonephritis in Queensland adults
Authors: Jegatheesan Dev , Nath Karthik , Reyaldeen Reza , Sivasuthan Goutham , John George T , Francis Leo , Rajmokan Mohana , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThere is a paucity of data pertaining to the incidence of biopsy‐proven glomerulonephritis (GN) in Australia. This retrospective study aims to review the data from all adult native renal biopsies performed in the state of Queensland from 2002 to 2011 – comparing results with centres from across the world.MethodsPathology reports of 3697 adult native kidney biopsies were reviewed, of which 2048 had GN diagnoses. Age, gender, clinical indication and histopathology findings were compared.ResultsThe average age at biopsy was 48 ± 17 years. Male preponderance was noted overall (∼60%), with lupus nephritis being the only individual GN with female predilection. The average rate of biopsy was 12.04 per hundred thousand people per year (php/yr). Nephrotic and nephritic syndromes comprised approximately 75% of all clinical indications that lead to GN diagnoses. IgA nephropathy (1.41 php/yr) was the most common primary GN followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (1.02 php/yr) and crescentic GN (0.73 php/yr). Diabetic nephropathy (0.84 php/yr), lupus nephritis (0.69 php/yr) and amyloidosis (0.19 php/yr) were the most commonly identified secondary GN.ConclusionIgA nephropathy is the predominant primary GN in Queensland, and nephrotic syndrome the most common indication for a renal biopsy. While crescentic GN incidence has significantly increased with time, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis incidence has not shown any trend. Incidence of GN overall appears to increase with age. The annual rate of biopsy in this study appears lower than previously published in an Australian population.
Examinations of ascites from prophylactic drains can predict intra‐abdominal infections after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Kawano Youichi , Urahashi Taizen , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Wakiya Taiichi , Okada Noriki , Yamada Naoya , Hirata Yuta , Tashiro Masahisa , Mizuta Koichi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStudies suggest that prophylactic intra‐abdominal drains are unnecessary for cadaveric liver transplantation using whole liver grafts because there is no benefit from drainage. However, no studies have investigated on the necessity of prophylactic drains after LDLT using split‐liver grafts or reduced‐liver grafts, which may present a high risk of post‐transplant intra‐abdominal infections. This retrospective study investigated whether the ascitic data on POD 5 after LDLT can predict intra‐abdominal infections and on the post‐transplant management of prophylactic drains. Between March 2008 and March 2013, 90 LDLTs were performed. We assessed the number of ascitic cells, biochemical examinations, and cultivation tests at POD1 and POD5. The incidence rates of post‐transplant intra‐abdominal infections were 24.4%. The multivariate analysis showed that left lobe and S2 monosegment grafts were a significant risk factor for intra‐abdominal infections (p = 0.006). The patients with intra‐abdominal infections had significantly higher acsitic LDH levels and the positive rate of ascitic culture at POD5 in comparison with patients without infections (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). LDLT using left lobe and S2 monosegment grafts yields a high risk for post‐transplant intra‐abdominal infections, and ascitic LDH and cultivation tests at POD5 via prophylactic drains can predict intra‐abdominal infections.
Sequential Selection Procedures and False Discovery Rate Control
Authors: G'Sell Max Grazier , Wager Stefan , Chouldechova Alexandra , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe consider a multiple-hypothesis testing setting where the hypotheses are ordered and one is only permitted to reject an initial contiguous block H1,…,Hk of hypotheses. A rejection rule in this setting amounts to a procedure for choosing the stopping point k. This setting is inspired by the sequential nature of many model selection problems, where choosing a stopping point or a model is equivalent to rejecting all hypotheses up to that point and none thereafter. We propose two new testing procedures and prove that they control the false discovery rate in the ordered testing setting. We also show how the methods can be applied to model selection by using recent results on p-values in sequential model selection settings.
LG(BT) Families and Counting
Authors: Compton D'Lane R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCounting and understanding lesbian and gay families have gained attention over the last decade in popular culture, policy, and academic research. Contentious debates on family values and same‐sex marriage, increasing rates of social tolerance for homosexuality, and a greater general academic attention on issues of sexual orientation have partially spurred this attention in demographic analysis of lesbian and gay families. It is becoming increasingly clear that sexual orientation and gender identity have an effect on demographic processes and life outcomes. Although not perfect, practically speaking, drawing on nationally representative survey data has allowed us to illuminate the presence of same‐sex families and their children. These findings have an iterative relationship with social change, public policy, and increasing tolerance for diversity. This article reviews the recent demographic contributions related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) families. Due to research concentrations, the content of this article not only mostly addresses what is known about gay and lesbian families but also offers future directions to fill research voids including a call for greater attention to and visibility for families with bisexual and transgender members.
Teaching & Learning Guide for ‘The Conflictual Model of Analysis in Studies on the Media Representation of Islam and Muslims: A Critical Review’
Authors: Faimau Gabriel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract‘The Conflictual Model of Analysis in Studies on the Media Representation of Islam and Muslims: A Critical Review’ was published in Sociology Compass 9/5 (2015) pp. 321–335, DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12264. This Teaching and Learning Guide is designed to accompany this article. In brief, the article examined the extent to which various studies on the media representation of Islam and Muslims use the conflictual model analysis that underpins theoretical frameworks, such as Orientalism, Clash of Civilisations, Cultural Racism and Islamophobia. It argued that in the context of a complex multicultural society, conflictual model of analysis is inadequate because it simply employs a binary way of thinking as clearly indicated in ‘the West versus Islam’ paradigm. In response to the inadequacy of this model of analysis, the article proposed an adoption of an alternative dialogical model of analysis in the light of the political theory of recognition. This guide provides useful information regarding the use of this article for teaching and learning purposes. It includes recommendation of readings, online resources, sample syllabus, focus questions and project idea.
Sex Work in a Digital Era
Authors: Jones Angela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn recent years, scholars have begun to investigate the role of digital technologies, namely the Internet, in facilitating growth in sexual commerce. Recent studies investigate the ways the Internet shapes the experiences of sex workers and how sex workers use the Internet to maximize profits and reduce risk exposure. Overall, scholars strategically frame sex work in a digital era in terms of affordances. In doing so, they can note the positive changes in the work experiences of these workers. However, I argue that this literature is altogether too optimistic, and in focusing primarily on the affordances of Internet‐based sex work, these scholars neglect the new dangers that emerge online. In addition, by focusing only on the online practices of escorts, these scholars paint a homogenized portrait of digital sex work and neglect the diversity of labor performed by sex workers. This literature also neglects the diversity among sex workers themselves (e.g., race, ethnicity, class, gender, age, and ability). In order to address these limitations, I make nine specific suggestions for future lines of inquiry.
Sex differences and blood pressure regulation in humans
Authors: Joyner Michael J. , Wallin B. Gunnar , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: July 2015

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
Over the past decade, our team has investigated interindividual variability in human blood pressure regulation.

What advances does it highlight?
In men, we have found a tight relationship between indices of sympathetic activity and vascular resistance across the age span. This relationship is absent in young women but seen in postmenopausal women. These sex and age differences in vascular resistance are largely a result of changes in the balance of vasodilating and vasoconstricting adrenergic receptor tone. When these changes are considered along with cardiac output, a coherent picture is beginning to emerge of why blood pressure rises more with age in women than men.

Arterial pressure is a key regulated variable in the cardiovascular system with important health implications. Over the last 12 years, we have used physiological measurements, including muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), to explore the balance among mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in normotensive humans. We have shown that these determinants of blood pressure can vary widely in different subjects and how they vary depends on sex and age. In young men, there is a direct relationship between MSNA and TPR but no relationship with blood pressure. This is because cardiac output is proportionally lower in those with high MSNA and TPR. In contrast, in young women there is no relationship between MSNA and TPR (or cardiac output); this is because β‐adrenergic vasodilator mechanisms offset α‐adrenergic vasoconstriction. Thus, blood pressure is unrelated to MSNA in young women. In older women, β‐adrenergic vasodilator mechanisms are diminished, and a direct relationship between MSNA and TPR is seen. In older men, the relationships among these variables are less clear cut, perhaps owing to age‐related alterations in endothelial function. With ageing, the relationship between MSNA and blood pressure becomes positive, more so in women than in men. The finding that the physiological control of blood pressure is so different in men and women and that it varies with age suggests that future studies of mechanisms of hypertension will reveal corresponding differences among groups.
Microstructural Effects on the Oxidation Behavior of Alloy 800HT in Supercritical Water
Authors: Akhiani Hamed , Nezakat Majid , Penttilä Sami , Szpunar Jerzy 
Published: July 2015

Alloy 800HT is one promising candidate for use as a fuel cladding material in supercritical water-cooled rectors. In the present study, specific thermomechanical processing (TMP) was used to study the effects of grain size and grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) on the oxidation behavior of alloy 800HT in supercritical water (SCW). The processed samples were exposed to SCW at 600°C and 25 MPa for 100, 300, and 1000 h. The results showed that grain size and grain boundaries are important factors that affect the oxidation behavior of alloy 800HT in SCW. We also found that TMP improves the adhesion and integrity of the oxide scale.
Metagenomic Assembly and Draft Genome Sequence of an Uncharacterized
Prevotella
sp. from Nelore Rumen
Authors: Kishi Luciano T. , de Jesus Raphael B. , Pavani Claudio D. , Lemos Eliana G. M. , de Souza Jackson A. M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Prevotella
is one of the most abundant genera in bovine rumen, although no genome has yet been assembled by a metagenomics approach applied to Brazilian Nelore. We report the draft genome sequence of
Prevotella
sp., comprising 2,971,040 bp, obtained using the Illumina sequencing platform. This genome includes 127 contigs and presents a low 48% GC.