bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise engagement in people with prediabetes – a qualitative study
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Lun , Wu Shu‐Chen , Hayter Mark , Hsu Wen‐Lin , Chang Mei , Huang Sen‐Fang , Chang Shu‐Chuan 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of people with prediabetes who engage in exercise, from the initiation of exercise to the discontinuation or continuation of exercise.BackgroundPeople with prediabetes are the high‐risk group for developing type 2 diabetes. Engaging in exercise is an important health behaviour to prevent or delay this. However, many people with prediabetes fail to develop and maintain a regular exercise regime.DesignA grounded theory study.MethodsData were collected from August 2011–November 2012. Twenty participants with impaired fasting glucose from a medical centre in Taiwan were enrolled in this study for in‐depth interview. The data were entered into NVivo 8·0 qualitative data management software after transcription and were analysed by constant comparative method.ResultsA theory of the process by which people with prediabetes approach the development of exercise behaviour was developed, comprising four stages: developing awareness, creating the health blueprint, action cycle of internal struggle and developing spontaneous regular exercise. Developing awareness was the starting point for the process of implementing exercise. The core category was action cycle of struggle that all participants experienced this stage, and the spontaneous regular exercise was the highest level of exercise process.ConclusionIt is not easy for people with prediabetes to develop a regular exercise regime. Exercise behaviour will be either continued or discontinued secondary to driving and resistive forces.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides useful information to help practitioners design exercise intervention strategies and provide psychological support to people with prediabetes.
The effect of educational intervention on prevention of postpartum depression: an application of health locus of control
Authors: Moshki Mahdi , Baloochi Beydokhti Tahereh , Cheravi Khadijeh 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo assess the effectiveness of application of health locus of control in pregnant women for prevention of postpartum depression in Iran.BackgroundNearly 10–15% of women suffer postnatal depression by the end of the second week after delivery, which creates problems in caring for the child that may affect child's future learning and concentration.DesignPre–post experimental design.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty volunteer women were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and the Edinburg Depression Scale. Based on the associations found in the pretest, intervention programme was planned and carried out in the focused group discussion method. Data were collected after the end of scheduled sessions, immediately and one month later. The data were analysed with SPSS‐16 using statistical methods including anova, chi‐square test, Student's t‐test and paired t‐test.ResultsChance health locus of control significantly reduced and internal health locus of control significantly increased, immediately after intervention. Also, a month after intervention, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in reducing postpartum depression.ConclusionsThe planned participatory intervention led to empowerment and increased awareness and internalisation of health control beliefs and less tendency towards external health control beliefs, especially chance, improvement in general health leading to improved psychological health for prevention of postpartum depression in mothers.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians might assess chance and internal health locus of control to identify the women at risk of developing depression during their pregnancy and to develop prevention and treatment plans.
Oral calcium pectinate-insulin nanoparticles: influences of alginate, sodium chloride and Tween 80 on their blood glucose lowering performance
Authors: Wong Tin W , Sumiran Nurjaya 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objective
Examine the formation of pectin-insulin nanoparticles and their blood glucose lowering properties.

Methods
The calcium pectinate nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation method, with alginate, sodium chloride or Tween 80 as additive. Their in vitro physicochemical, drug release and in vivo blood glucose lowering characteristics were evaluated.

Key findings
Spherical calcium pectinate-insulin nanoparticles were characterized by size, zeta potential, insulin content and insulin association efficiency of 348.4 ± 12.9 nm, −17.9 ± 0.8 mV, 8.4 ± 1.0% and 63.8 ± 7.4%, respectively. They released less than 25% insulin following 24 h in simulated intestinal medium and exhibited delayed blood glucose lowering effect in rats. Incorporation of solubilizer sodium chloride or Tween 80 into nanoparticles did not enhance blood glucose lowering capacity owing to sodium chloride reduced matrix insulin content and Tween 80 interacted with water and had its blood glucose dilution effect negated. Combination of nanoparticles with alginate gel to allow prolonged intestinal residence and more insulin release did not enhance their blood glucose lowering capacity because of calcium alginate-cross-linked gel formation that could retard insulin release and migration into systemic circulation.

Conclusion
Physicochemical responses of additives in vivo affected blood glucose regulation property of pectin-insulin nanoparticles.
Pulmonary function changes in rats with taurocholate‐induced pancreatitis are attenuated by pretreatment with melatonin
Authors: Chou Ting‐Ywan , Reiter Russel J. , Chen Kuan‐Hao , Leu Fur‐Jiang , Wang David , Yeh Diana Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMelatonin is a free radical scavenger and broad‐spectrum antioxidant with immunomodulatory effects. We studied the effects of melatonin on changes in lung function, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and inflammatory cell sequestration in an acute pancreatitis (AP)‐associated lung inflammation model. Acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of rats. Animals were randomized into control, AP, and a melatonin pretreatment (10 mg/kg)/AP group. Functional residual capacity (FRC), lung compliance (Cchord), expiratory flow rate at 50% (FEF50), airway resistance index (RI), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were evaluated. White blood cell count (WBC) and hydrogen peroxide, lung lavage fluid WBC, methylguanidine, protein, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels were determined. Lung wet‐to‐dry weight ratio, peroxynitrite, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA and protein were measured. AP induction resulted in reductions in FRC, Cchord, FEF50, and PEF, and increase in RI and lung wet‐to‐dry weight ratio. Blood and lung lavage fluid WBC, lavage fluid LDH, protein, and blood hydrogen peroxide also increased. Levels of hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, and LTB4 in lung lavage fluid, inducible NOS mRNA, protein expression, and peroxynitrite in lung tissue also were significantly elevated. Pretreatment with melatonin attenuated obstructive and restrictive ventilatory insufficiency induced by AP. Blood and lavage WBC, lavage LDH and protein, lung edema, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and lipoxygenase pathway derivatives were also significantly attenuated by melatonin. We conclude that melatonin decreases AP‐induced obstructive and restrictive lung function changes via its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Hepatitis C and lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis, and NAFLD: still important in the era of direct acting antiviral therapy?
Authors: Cheng F.‐K. F. , Torres D. M. , Harrison S. A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryChronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have an individual prevalence of 1.8–3% and at least 30%, respectively, in the United States. It is therefore not surprising that there is overlap between these two common chronic liver diseases, although the relationship appears to go beyond isolated co‐existence. Hepatic steatosis is a common feature of CHC infection and can be related to both metabolic and viral specific factors. Steatosis in the setting of nongenotype 3 CHC has been predictive of response to therapy prior to the advent of the direct acting antiviral medications (DAAs). Similarly, lipid metabolism appears important in response to CHC treatment. The pathways for both lipid homeostasis and NAFLD as it pertains to CHC infection as well as the utilization of statin therapy in CHC infection will be reviewed with a focus on the relevance of these topics in the era of DAA therapy.
Treatment of severe, nonfulminant acute hepatitis B with lamivudine vs placebo: a prospective randomized double‐blinded multicentre trial
Authors: Wiegand J. , Wedemeyer H. , Franke A. , Rößler S. , Zeuzem S. , Teuber G. , Wächtler M. , Römmele U. , Ruf B. , Spengler U. , Trautwein C. , Bock C. T. , Fiedler G. M. , Thiery J. , Manns M. P. , Brosteanu O. , Tillmann H. L. ,   the German Hep‐Net Acute Hepatitis B (GAHB) Study Group
Published: December 2013

SummaryAcute hepatitis B virus (aHBV) infection can lead to fulminant liver failure, which likely is prevented by early lamivudine therapy. Even nonfulminant but severe acute hepatitis B can lead to significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. Therefore, lamivudine was evaluated in patients with severe aHBV in a placebo‐controlled trial. Patients with severe aHBV infection (ALT >10× ULN, bilirubin >85 μm, prothrombin time >50%) were prospectively treated with lamivudine 100 mg/day or with placebo within 8 days after the diagnosis. The primary end point was time to bilirubin <34.2 μm. Secondary end points were time to clear HBsAg and HBV‐DNA, development of anti‐HBs and normalization of ALT. Eighteen cases were randomized to lamivudine, 17 to placebo. 94% of patients were hospitalized. No individual progressed to hepatic failure; all but one patient achieved the primary end point. Due to smaller than expected patient numbers, all study end points did not become statistically significant between treatment arms. Median time end points [in days] were bilirubin <34.2 μm (26.5 vs 32), ALT normalization (35 vs 48) and HBsAg clearance (48 vs 67) referring to earlier recovery under lamivudine, in contrast to loss of HBV‐DNA (62 vs 54) and development of anti‐HBs (119 vs 109). In all but two patients (one in every group), HBsAg clearance was reached in the study. Adverse events occurred more frequently during lamivudine therapy, but did not reach statistical significance. Lamivudine may ameliorate severe aHBV infection, but limited patient numbers prevented definite conclusions.
The archaellum: a rotating type IV pilus
Authors: Shahapure Rajesh , Driessen Rosalie P.C. , Haurat M. Florencia , Albers Sonja‐Verena , Dame Remus Th. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMicrobes have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of motility allowing them to respond to changing environmental conditions. While this cellular process is well characterized in bacteria, the mode and mechanisms of motility are poorly understood in archaea. This study examines the motility of individual cells of the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Specifically, we investigated motility of cells producing exclusively the archaeal swimming organelle, the archaellum. Archaella are structurally and in sequence similar to bacterial type IV pili involved in surface motility via pilus extension‐retraction cycles and not to rotating bacterial flagella. Unexpectedly, our studies reveal a novel type of behaviour for type IV pilus like structures: archaella rotate and their rotation drives swimming motility. Moreover, we demonstrate that temperature has a direct effect on rotation velocity explaining temperature‐dependent swimming velocity.
Helicobacter pylori periplasmic receptor CeuE (HP1561) modulates its nickel affinity via organic metallophores
Authors: Shaik Md Munan , Cendron Laura , Salamina Marco , Ruzzene Maria , Zanotti Giuseppe 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn Gram‐negative bacteria, nickel uptake is guaranteed by multiple and complex systems that operate at the membrane and periplasmic level. Helicobacter pylori employs other yet uncharacterized systems to import the nickel required for the maturation of key enzymes, such as urease and hydrogenase. H. pylori CeuE protein (HP1561), previously annotated as the periplasmic component of an ATP‐binding cassette (ABC)‐type transporter apparatus responsible of haem/siderophores or other Fe(III)‐complexes uptake, has been recently proposed to be on the contrary involved in nickel/cobalt acquisition. In this work, the crystal structure of H. pylori CeuE has been determined at 1.65 Å resolution using the single anomalous dispersion (SAD) method. It comprises two structurally similar globular domains, each consisting of a central five‐stranded β‐sheet surrounded by α‐helices, an arrangement commonly classified as a Rossmann‐like fold. Structurally, H. pylori CeuE belongs to the class III periplasmic substrate‐binding protein. Both crystallographic data and fluorescence binding assays allow to exclude a role of the protein in the transport of Vitamin B12, enterobactin, haem and isolated Ni2+ ions. On the contrary, the crystal structure and plasmon resonance studies about CeuE/Ni‐(l‐His)2 complex indicate that in H. pylori nickel transport is supported by CeuE protein and requires the presence of a natural nickelophore, analogously to what has been recently demonstrated for NikA from Escherichia coli.
Dockerin‐containing protease inhibitor protects key cellulosomal cellulases from proteolysis in Clostridium cellulolyticum
Authors: Xu Tao , Li Yongchao , He Zhili , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: December 2013

SummaryCellulosomes are key for lignocellulosic biomass degradation in cellulolytic Clostridia. Better understanding of the mechanism of cellulosome regulation would allow us to improve lignocellulose hydrolysis. It is hypothesized that cellulosomal protease inhibitors would regulate cellulosome architecture and then lignocellulose hydrolysis. Here, a dockerin‐containing protease inhibitor gene (dpi) in Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 was characterized by mutagenesis and physiological analyses. The dpi mutant had a decreased cell yield on glucose, cellulose and xylan, lower cellulose utilization efficiency, and a 70% and 52% decrease of the key cellulosomal components, Cel48F and Cel9E respectively. The decreased cellulolysis is caused by the proteolysis of major cellulosomal components, such as Cel48F and Cel9E. Disruption of cel9E severely impaired cell growth on cellulose while loss of cel48F completely abolished cellulolytic activity. These observations are due to the combinational results of gene inactivation and polar effects caused by intron insertion. Purified recombinant Dpi showed inhibitory activity against cysteine protease. Taken together, Dpi protects key cellulosomal cellulases from proteolysis in H10. This study identified the physiological importance of cellulosome‐localized protease inhibitors in Clostridia.
Beyond catalysis: vitamin B12 as a cofactor in gene regulation
Authors: Klug Gabriele 
Published: December 2013

SummaryVitamin B12 is well known as an enzyme cofactor in the catalysis of many important biological reactions, and the role of B12 in regulation of bacterial gene expression as a ligand of riboswitches is well established. Only recently evidence has emerged that B12 can also affect bacterial gene expression by acting as a cofactor of regulatory proteins. In 2011 a role of B12 as a cofactor of the transcriptional repressor of carotenogenesis, CarH, in Myxococcus xanthus was reported. B12 is required for light‐dependent DNA binding by CarH, which can therefore be considered to be a new type of photoreceptor. Cheng et al. (2014) report the identification of B12 as a cofactor of the AerR protein in Rhodobacter capsulatus. AerR acts as an antirepressor of the CrtJ protein, which represses photosynthesis genes when binding to its target promoters. As in Myxococcus B12 may have the role of a chromophore in photoreception, but it is suggested that a main function of AerR is the sensing of B12. The co‐regulation of the pathways is beneficial because the syntheses of B12, haem and bacteriochlorophylls share common precursors and the accumulation of the free molecules is toxic.
Vitamin B12 regulates photosystem gene expression via the CrtJ antirepressor AerR in Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Li Keran , Hammad Loubna A. , Karty Jonathan A. , Bauer Carl E. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe tetrapyrroles haem, bacteriochlorophyll and cobalamin (B12) exhibit a complex interrelationship regarding their synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that AerR functions as an antirepressor of the tetrapyrrole regulator CrtJ. We show that purified AerR contains B12 that is bound to a conserved histidine (His145) in AerR. The interaction of AerR to CrtJ was further demonstrated in vitro by pull down experiments using AerR as bait and quantified using microscale thermophoresis. DNase I DNA footprint assays show that AerR containing B12 inhibits CrtJ binding to the bchC promoter. We further show that bchC expression is greatly repressed in a B12 auxotroph of Rhodobacter capsulatus and that B12 regulation of gene expression is mediated by AerR's ability to function as an antirepressor of CrtJ. This study thus provides a mechanism for how the essential tetrapyrrole, cobalamin controls the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll, an essential component of the photosystem.
Quantitative trait locus mapping of floral and related traits using an F2 population of Aquilegia
Authors: Zhu Ruirui , Gao Yike , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying ten floral and related traits in Aquilegia. The traits assessed were calyx diameter, corolla diameter, petal length, petal blade length, sepal length, sepal width, spur length, spur width, plant height and flower number. These are important traits for ornamental value and reproductive isolation of Aquilegia. QTL analysis of these traits was conducted using single‐marker analysis and composite interval mapping (CIM). We used an F2 population consisting of 148 individuals derived from a cross between the Chinese wild species Aquilegia oxysepala and the cultivar Aquilegia flabellata ‘pumila’. Resulting CIM analysis identified 39 QTLs associated with these traits, which were mapped on seven linkage groups. These QTLs could explain 1.22–53.28% of the phenotypic variance. Thirty‐one QTLs, which explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation, were classified as major QTLs. Graphical representations of the QTLs on seven linkage groups were made. Our research provides the potential for future molecular assisted selection breeding programmes and the cloning of target genes through fine mapping.
Potential of genomic selection in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) breeding
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Abel Stefan , Zhao Yusheng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGenomic selection employs genome‐wide marker data to predict genomic breeding values. In this study, a population consisting of 391 lines of elite winter oilseed rape derived from nine families was used to evaluate the prospects of genomic selection in rapeseed breeding. All lines have been phenotyped for six morphological, quality‐ and yield‐related traits and genotyped with genome‐wide SNP markers. We used ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction in combination with cross‐validation and obtained medium to high prediction accuracies for the studied traits. Our results illustrate that among‐family variance contributes to the prediction accuracy and can lead to an overestimation of the prospects of genomic selection within single segregating families. We also tested a scenario where estimation of effects was carried out without individuals from the family in which breeding values were predicted, which yielded lower but nevertheless attractive prediction accuracies. Taken together, our results suggest that genomic selection can be a valuable genomic approach for complex agronomic traits towards a knowledge‐based breeding in rapeseed.
Transverse myelitis and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy due to Legionella pneumophila: A case report
Authors: Canpolat Mehmet , Kumandas Sefer , Yikilmaz Ali , Gumus Hakan , Koseoglu Emel , Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze , Kose Mehmet , Per Huseyin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome is a rapidly progressive symmetrical muscle weakness associated with acute inflammatory disease. Transverse myelitis (TM) is the inflammation of the spinal cord characterized by rapidly evolving muscle weakness in the lower extremities, defects in sensory level and sphincter dysfunction. Guillain–Barré syndrome, and TM association occurs very rarely in childhood. A 7‐year‐old girl presented with complaints of neck pain, spout‐style vomiting, cough, shortness of breath, and acute paraparesis with sensory and sphincter disturbance. The patient was intubated because of increased respiratory distress. A positive direct fluorescein antigen test in bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed Legionella pneumophila infection. Imaging and neurophysiologic studies were diagnostic for TM with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy. She was treated with a combination of high‐dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulins, and we observed incomplete recovery. The presented case is the first child with concomitant TM and acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy related to L. pneumophila infection.
Paraovarian cyst torsion in children: Report of two cases
Authors: Yilmaz Yavuz , Ozen Ibrahim Onur , Caliskan Dogus , Dilmen Ugur 
Published: December 2013

AbstractParaovarian cysts are assumed to be rare in childhood. This assumption is due to the fact that most patients with paraovarian cyst are asymptomatic unless complicated. Owing to the wide range of pathologies in differential diagnosis, preoperative diagnosis of paraovarian cyst presents a challenge. Herein is reported two cases of complicated paraovarian cyst in children.
Intramuscular anti‐D in chronic immune thrombocytopenia children with severe thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sirachainan Nongnuch , Anurathapan Usanarat , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Songdej Duantida , Wongwerawattanakoon Pakawan , Hutspardol Sakara , Kitpoka Pimpun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNine patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia and platelet counts <20 × 109/L, with a median age of 7.8 (3.8–15.5) years, received three phases of 10 mcg/kg/dose of intramuscular anti‐D. Phase 1 was anti‐D daily for 5 days, followed by phase 2, anti‐D weekly for 12 weeks and withheld when platelet counts ≥20 × 109/L, and then phase 3 was anti‐D once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. According to the International Working Group criteria, in phase 1, 66.7% of patients responded to the treatment. In phases 2 and 3, 11.1% (0–41.7%) and 7.7% (0–33.3%) of total episodes of follow up, respectively, responded to the treatment. Therefore, intramuscular anti‐D given at a dose of 10 mcg/kg for 5 days is an alternative method to raise platelet counts in chronic immune thrombocytopenia children with severe thrombocytopenia where the intravenous form of anti‐D is not available.