bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpublished Inscriptions from Beroea
Authors: Cormack J. M. R. 
Published: October 2013

1. Beroea. In the Old Metropolis, headquarters of the local Boy Scouts, in a collection of miscellaneous marbles, a Hellenistic marble stele, broken at the bottom, damaged along the lower two-thirds of the left edge. H. 0·475 m.; w. (between preserved sides) 0·392 m.; th. ca. 0·10 m. Letters, ll. 1–2, 0·02 m. (0, 0·015 m.), l. 3, 0·015 m.; interspace, ll. 1–2, 0–005 m., ll. 2–3, 0.001 m.Relief: r., tree along trunk and branch of which a serpent coils. In front of tree at foot, small boy with arms folded, head facing his r. Second from r., man clad in cloak, turned to his r. and shaking hands with similarly clad man in l. of relief area. Between the two men, another small boy facing his r. (Pl. 30, no. 1).
Excavation on the Kofinà Ridge, Chios
Authors: Anderson J. K. , Hood M. S. F. , Boardman John 
Published: October 2013

The School's decision to undertake work in the island of Chios was made possible by the generosity of an anonymous donor. The work was placed under my direction, and in the first year (1952) excavations were carried out on a limited scale during three weeks of June on the Kofinà ridge in Chios town, while soundings were made on an Early Bronze Age site at Emporio near Pyrgi on the south coast of the island, where work has since continued.The site of Kofinà was chosen because Archaic sherds on the surface raised a hope that it might be possible to uncover something of the Archaic city there. As it turned out, the Kofinà area was on the very edge of the ancient city, as of the modern town. The excavations at Kofinà were begun by myself, assisted by Mr. J. K. Anderson, and after the first ten days they were continued and completed by Mr. Anderson and Mr. R. V. Nicholls. The results of the excavations are here published in full by Mr. Anderson.
Three Laconian Vase-Painters
Authors: Shefton B. B. 
Published: October 2013

The last comprehensive study of Laconian, by E. A. Lane, was published in 1936, and to this all subsequent work in the field, including the present article, is greatly indebted. What follows is intended to develop one particular aspect of Lane's study, the identification of individual painters and their work. The need for exploration along such lines will hardly be disputed nowadays. Nevertheless, it may be worth referring to the succinct appraisal of such investigation by Dunbabin and Robertson.The attributions here published comprise almost all Laconian vases with figure decoration found outside Laconia, in so far as they have been made known, and a number of the pieces discovered at Sparta itself. They show that a total of three painters, two of them pupils of one, were with their workshop followers responsible for the output of practically all the more ambitious Laconian vases. It remains to be seen how far this conclusion is borne out by the finds from Samos, the one considerable body of Laconian material still unpublished.
Introduction; and Addendum
Authors: Wace A. J. B. 
Published: October 2013

In 1956 the Greek Archaeological Council decided that there should be no excavations at Mycenae. The Anastelosis Department was still busy with the rebuilding of the Cyclopean walls of the Citadel along the western side and along the stretch of ashlar work in conglomerate from the Lion Gate to the north-western angle. At the actual north-western angle the Cyclopean work of the northern wall of the acropolis had originally met the conglomerate work in ashlar with a straight vertical joint. This has now been obscured in the rebuilding. The Archaeological Service was also planning and preparing to put into effect various measures to protect the site from damage by the large numbers of tourists who visit it every year.Since we were thus not able to excavate, we devoted ourselves to studying and preparing for publication the finds from the excavations of previous years in the museums at Athens and Nauplia. In Athens the Director of the National Museum, Dr. Karouzos, and his wife, Mrs. Semne Karouzou, made us very welcome and afforded us every possible facility. Mrs. Sakellariou and Mr. Papathanasopoulos, assistant curators in the museum, also gave us much friendly help. At Nauplia Mr. N. Verdeles, the Inspector of Antiquities, and Miss Protonotariou, the Epimeletes, made special arrangements for our work and gave us every support.
Minoika in Cyprus
Authors: Catling H. W. , Karageorghis V. 
Published: October 2013

This brief study of objects of Minoan origin found in Cyprus seeks to draw attention to a branch of Cypriot studies which for many years has remained neglected. Since the time of Forsdyke's often criticized pioneer study, no attempt has been made to collect the material under a single heading, or to comment upon its significance. Instead, in not a few cases the Minoan origin of these objects has been overlooked, and they are classified as Mycenaean or Levanto-Helladic.Fashions in archaeology are well known to be arbitrary. General interest in Minoan studies has been on the wane in recent years, to the considerable advantage of the prehistory of Mainland Greece. This merely reversed a state of affairs which obtained in the years that saw the publication ofThe Palace of Minos. Now, however, there seems good reason to hope that a more balanced outlook on both Crete and Greece is coming into being. The moment is opportune, so the writers believe, for a contribution towards a fuller understanding of Minoan overseas relations.After this brief introduction, there follows a catalogue of the objects found in Cyprus which are considered by the writers to be of Minoan fabric and origin. The catalogue is divided very broadly into (1) Middle Minoan and (2) Late Minoan objects. Amongst the former will be found one vase and several bronzes, while the latter lists only vases and fragments. The writers are very grateful to the Rev. V. E. G. Kenna for contributing a note on the seal impressions on35.
Prehistoric Laconia: Part II
Authors: Waterhouse Helen , Simpson R. Hope 
Published: October 2013

This paper covers the remaining districts of Laconia which have not been described in the last Annual, as well as the islands of Kythera and Antikythera. We include a Chronological Table, Distribution Maps, and a short summary. Abbreviations used are the same as for Part I.Gythion and Cranae:So far no prehistoric remains have been discovered on the acropolis at Gythion, although the south and east terraces are covered with classical and Roman pottery. On the island of Cranae, however (Plate 18a), obsidian is plentiful, and recently a considerable quantity of L.H. III sherds (of rather poor quality) has been found. The island measures about 300 metres east to west and 100 metres north to south, and the prehistoric settlement seems to have occupied about half of this area. There is now very little depth of soil, except in the vicinity of the small Turkish fort in the centre (Plate 18a). The amount of Mycenaean pottery indicates a fairly important site, such as the Homeric story of the flight of Paris and Helen from here might lead us to expect (Il. iii. 443–6). It is likely that there was also some E.H. occupation, since some of the coarse ware appears to be handmade.
The Byzantine basilica church at Knossos
Authors: Frend W. H. C. , Johnston David E. 
Published: October 2013

The Hellenistic and Roman city of Knossos occupied a broad plateau extending northward of the Minoan Palace towards the sea. For nearly a mile from the Palace the fields are studded with the debris of occupation. One of the great Roman town houses was partly excavated before the War by Mr. R. W. Hutchinson and the work has been continued by Mr. and Mrs. Michael Gough, now of the British Institute in Ankara. A splendid series of second- to third-century mosaics has been discovered depicting the Dionysiac cult. The city, however, had a Christian community at least as early as about A.D. 170, for in that period Eusebius records the name of a Bishop Pinytus, who earned a reputation for being a zealous moral reformer, and was regarded as an influential figure among correspondents of Bishop Dionysius of Corinth. In the Patristic period Knossos continued to be an important Christian centre, its bishop being present at the Councils of Ephesus, 431, Chalcedon, 451, and Nicaea, 787. The see of Knossos is also mentioned in lists of sees drawn up in the reign of Justinian, and in the eighth century. Between 731 and 787 it seems to have ranked as Protothronos, or second senior bishop. On the Bulgarian episcopal list of 980 Knossos is still recorded among the Cretan bishoprics.To judge from examples known from North Africa, such as Timgad, Djemila, and Tipasa, the main early Christian centre was likely to be outside the city walls where the cemeteries were located. There would be found the Christian area, and there, too, the earliest centre of worship. At Knossos it seems that a small stream which used to run in an east-westerly direction from the area of Fortetsa, until its course was altered to one slightly farther south when the new hospital was built, marked the boundary between the city and cemetery area.
Five tombs at Knossos
Authors: Coldstream J. N. 
Published: October 2013

On the east slope of Lower Gypsades hill, about 100 metres west of the Temple Tomb, a chamber tomb came to light in August 1958, when a cutting for a new water pipe was driven through the area (A in Plate 9 a). In the course of this operation, part of a plain larnax (iii) was sliced off, and much earth removed from the west end of the collapsed chamber: at no point, however, had the municipal workmen penetrated to the tomb floor.The chamber was approached by a sloping dromos (Plate 9 a: length 2·80 metres; max. width 1 metre), roughly cut into the natural kouskouras rock: its walls were approximately perpendicular. Although the gradient varied a good deal, there was no suggestion of a stairway.The blocking wall was found in good condition. Of especial interest were the numerous fragments of larnakes that had been built into its fabric: some of them could be recognized as belonging to each of the three fragmentary larnakes (i, ii, v) whose scattered pieces were found below and around the two undisturbed burials in the chamber (iii, iv). We may thus distinguish two periods in the history of the tomb: larnakes i, ii, and v were evidently smashed up in order to make room for iv and iii, which must have been deposited in that order. The debris of v was found under iv, with a few adult bones in its wreckage. Part of i lay on the floor near the south-west corner, where two plain vases (2, 3) were found in situ, hence, also, came most of the fragments of the fine L.M. IIIA 2 stirrup vase (1), although its other pieces were scattered all over the floor of the tomb. This small group of offerings may belong to the disturbed adult skeleton, whose skull lay up against the lower edge of iii. Curiously, some fragments of i and ii were also found above the broken lid of iv (Plate 9 b): perhaps the lid of the later larnax was accidentally smashed at the time of the funeral, in which case the debris from earlier burials could have been piled up above it, as a rough and ready means of protection.
A Carved Block from the Megaron of Mycenae
Authors: Plommer Hugh 
Published: October 2013

The piece that I am publishing was first noticed by the late Dr. Ioannis Papadimitriou, then Ephor of Antiquities for the Argolid, early in 1948. I measured and photographed it in situ before he removed it to the Nauplia Museum, and a few days later I drew it as assembled on the floor of the Museum. For various reasons, I had to do this rather hastily; and I give the fragments the numbers used by Papadimitriou.Fourteen years ago I had just drawn out the block and was ready to publish it when, hearing that Papadimitriou was in London for a few days, I was persuaded to send him my work for corrections and comments. I never saw it again. Some years later, not long before his death, he published the block in Πρακτικά for 1955, illustrating it with no drawings and with only one photograph (Plate 79a), of one face only. At that time the block, remaining in the Nauplia Museum, was already set in plaster, as it still was in March 1964. The place at Mycenae where it turned up, in the prodomos of the Megaron, is now covered with the unattractive chippings of an artificial floor in gypsum. As the block was of some interest and beauty, I set down what I learnt about about it soon after its discovery.
Mycenaean Pottery in the Middle East: Notes on Finds since 1951
Authors: Hankey V. 
Published: October 2013

In his basic and indispensable study Mycenaean Pottery from the Levant, published in 1951, Stubbings pointed out that it is only by cross-contacts with the civilizations of the Middle East that any absolute dating for the Aegean Bronze Age can be reached. It is, therefore, rather startling to find that since the diffusion of the Furumark concept and his monumental typology, Mycenaean pottery is itself often used as the cultural cross-contact to date levels at sites in the Middle East where the local pottery has, as yet, a less accessible typology, and where Egyptian dated finds or seals from Syria and Mesopotamia, however abundant, often have to be mistrusted for dating, as they provide too wide a margin in time.The present attempt to locate and assess some of the recent Mycenaean contacts is unevenly representative, since much of the material from new excavations was not available for study, and I had to leave the Middle East before I had finished my notes. These were made at intervals between June 1962 and April 1966, when I visited most of the Late Bronze Age sites in the Antioch district of Turkey, in Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan and saw the Mycenaean pottery in the museums. I did not see recent finds from Egypt or Israel.
An Unfinished Colossal Statue at Naxos
Authors: Casson Stanley 
Published: October 2013

At the north-west corner of the island of Naxos is a very small hamlet on the shore, which is called Apollonia. It consists of a score of poverty-stricken houses and a small quay, and is inhabited mainly by fishermen. It is a difficult landing in rough weather, and the small bay on which the hamlet stands affords little shelter.On a slight rise about 100 feet above the hamlet, but near to it, is a small marble quarry which is ancient. Not far off on the same rise is a small modern marble quarry, no longer in use, but quite recently worked. At the small quayside are jetties specially made for the use of the quarry-workers and for the export of marble from the quarry. The ancient quarry-workers probably used the same small bay for the export of their marble.
Notes on attic Inscriptions (II): XXIII. Who Was Lysistrata?
Authors: Lewis David M. 
Published: October 2013

Papademetriou, in publishing a new grave-inscription from Zographo, has propounded a theory which, if true, has important consequences for our understanding of Attic comedy in general and of the Lysistrata of Aristophanes in particular. For convenience I reprint the text with two slight modifications.In l. 4 the stone has ΜΥΡΡΙΝΕΗΚΛΗΘΗ I prefer to assume that the stone-cutter, uncertain of the correct use of eta (cf. πρώτε and Νίκες in l. 5), has transposed the letters, rather than assume with Papademetriou an unnecessary and unparalleled lengthened form and an omitted augment. After ἐτύμως the three dots of punctuation are clear. Even if they were not, metre and sense would suggest that ἐτύμως went with the previous sentence. ἐτύμως has nearly all its later meaning here. Papademetriou has illustrated the cult-significance of the name Μυρρίνη.His thesis is this. We know the first priestess of Athena Nike was appointed round about 450, perhaps after the Peace of Kallias. Here is her gravestone, which, from the style of its lettering and the transition to Ionic which it illustrates, ought to be close to 400.
Barrow-in-Furness: a large community legionellosis outbreak in the UK
Authors: BENNETT E. , ASHTON M. , CALVERT N. , CHALONER J. , CHEESBROUGH J. , EGAN J. , FARRELL I. , HALL I. , HARRISON T. G. , NAIK F. C. , PARTRIDGE S. , SYED Q. , GENT R. N. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYA community outbreak of legionellosis occurred in Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, during July and August 2002. A descriptive study and active case-finding were instigated and all known wet cooling systems and other potential sources were investigated. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism of clinical human and environmental isolates confirmed the air-conditioning unit of a council-owned arts and leisure centre to be the source of infection. Subsequent sequence-based typing confirmed this link. One hundred and seventy-nine cases, including seven deaths [case fatality rate (CFR) 3·9%] were attributed to the outbreak. Timely recognition and management of the incident very likely led to the low CFR compared to other outbreaks. The outbreak highlights the responsibility associated with managing an aerosol-producing system, with the potential to expose and infect a large proportion of the local population and the consequent legal ramifications and human cost.
Advances in electron kinetics and theory of gas discharges
Authors: Kolobov Vladimir I. 
Published: October 2013

“Electrons, like people, are fertile and infertile: high-energy electrons are fertile and able to reproduce.”—Lev Tsendin
Modern physics of gas discharges increasingly uses physical kinetics for analysis of non-equilibrium plasmas. The description of underlying physics at the kinetic level appears to be important for plasma applications in modern technologies. In this paper, we attempt to grasp the legacy of Professor Lev Tsendin, who advocated the use of the kinetic approach for understanding fundamental problems of gas discharges. We outline the fundamentals of electron kinetics in low-temperature plasmas, describe elements of the modern kinetic theory of gas discharges, and show examples of the theoretical approach to gas discharge problems used by Lev Tsendin. Important connections between electron kinetics in gas discharges and semiconductors are also discussed. Using several examples, we illustrate how Tsendin's ideas and methods are currently being developed for the implementation of next generation computational tools for adaptive kinetic-fluid simulations of gas discharges used in modern technologies.
Self-aligned flat ultra-thin chip package for flexible circuits
Authors: Wang Liang , Cauwe Maarten , Brebels Steven , De Raedt Walter , Vanfleteren Jan 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Ultra-thin chip packaging (UTCP) is one of the flexible assembly technologies, by which thinned dies are encapsulated inside spin-coated dielectric films. For sake of higher density integration and bending stress suppression, two UTCPs can be stacked vertically. The purpose of this paper is to present an improved UTCP process flow to embed thinned chip in a symmetric dielectric sandwich for a flat topography. The UTCP flat top surface is suitable for metallization and further 3D stacking.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the new process, a central photosensitive polyimide film is introduced, in which a cavity is made for the embedded chip. The cavity is defined by lithography using the chip itself as a photo-mask. In this way, the cavity size and position is self-aligned to the chip. The chip thickness is compensated by the surrounding central layer, and a UTCP with flat topography (flat UTCP) is realized after top dielectric deposition.

Findings
– A batch of daisy chain test vehicles was produced. The feasibility of the process flow is verified by optical and electrical measurements. The result shows 100 percent yield, which is much better than previous work. A thermal humidity test showed no significant degradation of the flat UTCPs after 1,000 hours.

Originality/value
– High yield fabrication of flat UTCP is first shown. An innovative self-alignment lithography step is introduced to make a cavity in dielectric for chip thickness compensation by using the chip itself as a photo-mask.
Adaptation of reproductive phenology to climate change with ecological feedback via dominance hierarchies
Authors: Johansson Jacob , Smith Henrik G. , Jonzén Niclas 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Phenological shifts belong to the most commonly observed biological responses to recent climate change. It is, however, often unclear how these shifts are linked to demography and competitive interactions.

We develop an eco‐evolutionary model to study adaptation of timing of reproduction in organisms with social dominance hierarchies. We focus on residential birds with winter flocks, where success in competition for territories among offspring depends on ranking given by prior residence. We study the effects of environmental change on breeding population densities, ensuing selection pressures and long‐term evolutionary equilibria. We consider changes in food peak date, in winter survival, in total reproductive output and in the width of the food distribution.

We show that the evolutionarily stable hatching date will advance with increasing winter survival and reproductive output since these parameters increase habitat saturation and post‐fledging competition. Increasing the length of the breeding season also selects for earlier hatching date due to the reduced costs for producing offspring with high ranking.

Our analysis shows that there is little correlation between short‐term and long‐term population responses across different scenarios of environmental change. However, short‐term population growth consistently predicts selection for earlier reproduction. Hence, the model identifies changed breeding population density as a key factor to understanding phenological adaptation in systems with prior residence advantages.

While selection for change in reproductive phenology is often explained by changed seasonal variation in environmental variables, such as food abundance, we show that environmental change without apparent effects on seasonality can critically affect phenological adaptation. Such factors can mask or even override influences of changed seasonality on phenology. The model thus offers a conceptually new set of explanations for understanding phenological and demographic trends in a changing climate.
The geographical patterns of symbiont diversity in the invasive legume Mimosa pudica can be explained by the competitiveness of its symbionts and by the host genotype
Authors: Melkonian Rémy , Moulin Lionel , Béna Gilles , Tisseyre Pierre , Chaintreuil Clémence , Heulin Karine , Rezkallah Naïma , Klonowska Agnieszka , Gonzalez Sophie , Simon Marcelo , Chen Wen‐Ming , James Euan K. , Laguerre Gisèle 
Published: October 2013

SummaryVariations in the patterns of diversity of symbionts have been described worldwide on Mimosa pudica, a pan‐tropical invasive species that interacts with both α and β‐rhizobia. In this study, we investigated if symbiont competitiveness can explain these variations and the apparent prevalence of β‐ over α‐rhizobia. We developed an indirect method to measure the proportion of nodulation against a GFP reference strain and tested its reproducibility and efficiency. We estimated the competitiveness of 54 strains belonging to four species of β‐rhizobia and four of α‐rhizobia, and the influence of the host genotype on their competitiveness. Our results were compared with biogeographical patterns of symbionts and host varieties. We found: (i) a strong strain effect on competitiveness largely explained by the rhizobial species, with Burkholderia phymatum being the most competitive species, followed by B. tuberum, whereas all other species shared similar and reduced levels of competitiveness; (ii) plant genotype can increase the competitiveness of Cupriavidus taiwanensis. The latter data support the likelihood of the strong adaptation of C. taiwanensis with the M. pudica var. unijuga and help explain its prevalence as a symbiont of this variety over Burkholderia species in some environments, most notably in Taiwan.