bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 counteracts downregulated dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens of long‐term drinking Wistar rats
Authors: Feltmann Kristin , Fredriksson Ida , Wirf Malin , Schilström Björn , Steensland Pia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe recently established that the monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 (OSU6162) decreased voluntary alcohol‐mediated behaviors, including alcohol intake and cue/priming‐induced reinstatement, in long‐term drinking rats, while blunting alcohol‐induced dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of alcohol‐naïve rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that OSU6162 attenuates alcohol‐mediated behaviors by blunting alcohol's rewarding effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of long‐term drinking and OSU6162 treatment (30 mg/kg, sc) on basal and alcohol‐induced (2.5 g/kg, ip) NAc dopamine outputs in Wistar rats after 10 months of intermittent access to 20% alcohol. The results showed that basal and alcohol‐induced NAc dopamine outputs were significantly lower in long‐term drinking rats, compared with alcohol‐naïve rats. In the long‐term drinking rats, OSU6162 slowly increased and maintained the dopamine output significantly elevated compared with baseline for at least 4 hours. Furthermore, OSU6162 pre‐treatment did not blunt the alcohol‐induced output in the long‐term drinking rats, a finding that contrasted with our previous results in alcohol‐naïve rats. Finally, OSU6162 did not induce conditioned place preference (CPP) in either long‐term drinking or alcohol‐naïve rats, indicating that OSU6162 has no reinforcing properties. To verify that the CPP results were not due to memory acquisition impairment, we demonstrated that OSU6162 did not affect novel object recognition. In conclusion, these results indicate that OSU6162 attenuates alcohol‐mediated behaviors by counteracting NAc dopamine deficits in long‐term drinking rats and that OSU6162 is not rewarding on its own. Together with OSU6162's beneficial side‐effect profile, the present study merits evaluation of OSU6162's clinical efficacy to attenuate alcohol use in alcohol‐dependent patients.
Measles Inclusion‐Body Encephalitis: Neuronal Phosphorylated Tau Protein is Present in the Biopsy but not in the Autoptic Specimens of the Same Patient
Authors: Maderna Emanuela , Fugnanesi Valeria , Morbin Michela , Cacciatore Francesca , Spinello Sonia , Godani Massimiliano , Zoia Riccardo , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Giaccone Giorgio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTauopathies are sporadic or familial neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated tau in neurons and glial cells and include encephalitis related to measles virus such as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. We describe a 45‐year‐old woman, with a history of lymphoma treated with immunosuppressant therapy who underwent an open biopsy of the right frontal cortex for a suspect of encephalitis, and died 4 days later. The neuropathological assessment on the bioptic sample revealed edema, severe gliosis and microglial activation, with lymphomonocytic perivascular cuffing and neurons containing both nuclear and cytoplasmic eosinofilic inclusions that ultrastructurally appeared as tubular and curvilinear non‐membrane‐bound 12–18 nm structures, leading to the diagnosis of measles inclusion‐bodies encephalitis. The biopsy specimen showed several cortical neurons with intense perikaryal immunoreactivity for anti‐tau antibodies recognizing phosphorylated epitopes while on autoptic specimens no phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity was detected. Our findings suggest that in specific conditions biopsy‐derived human tau may be phosphorylated at sites that may result not phosphorylated in autopsy‐derived specimens, most likely caused by post‐mortem dephosphorylation.
A 5‐Year Longitudinal Study on Mood Variability Across Adolescence Using Daily Diaries
Authors: Maciejewski Dominique F. , van Lier Pol A. C. , Branje Susan J. T. , Meeus Wim H. J. , Koot Hans M. 
Published: October 2015

This study explored the development of mood variability in 474 Dutch adolescents (56.8% male, 90.1% medium to high socioeconomic status) from a community sample, followed from ages 13 to 18 years. Three times per year, adolescents reported on daily happiness, anger, sadness, and anxiety for 5 days using Internet diaries (15 assessment weeks; from 2006 to 2010). Mood variability scores were calculated as means of absolute differences between consecutive days. Results showed that happiness, anger, and sadness variability continuously declined across adolescence, while anxiety variability increased initially, then decreased, and then increased toward late adolescence. Despite females experiencing higher happiness and sadness variability, the rate of change across adolescence was similar for both sexes. Implications for normative emotional development and future studies are discussed.
When to Offer Lower Quality or Remanufactured Versions of a Product
Authors: Jin Yue , Muriel Ana , Lu Yihao 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigate the profitability of adding a lower quality or remanufactured product to the product portfolio of a monopoly firm, both in single‐period and steady‐state settings. Consumer behavior is characterized by a deterministic utility function for the original product and a nonlinear relative utility function for the lower quality product. We find a threshold for the cost of the low‐quality product below which it is optimal to add it to the firm's portfolio, and show that while a cost advantage is necessary to make the lower quality offering profitable under linear or convex relative utility functions, market segmentation alone can justify the addition of the lower quality product under concave relative utility functions. In particular, we characterize (i) the new product cost under which it is optimal to offer a lower quality version of the product even if it is as costly to produce as the original product; and (ii) the weighted average of new and remanufactured product costs in the steady state under which it becomes cost effective to offer new products under the remanufactured label. Finally, we also identify the maximum possible profits from customer segmentation and the form of the relative utility function that achieves them. We discuss the implications for the common marketing practices of branding and generics.
Alveolar process fractures in the permanent dentition. Part 2. The risk of healing complications in teeth involved in an alveolar process fracture
Authors: Lauridsen Eva , Gerds Thomas , Ove Andreasen Jens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo analyze the risk of pulp canal obliteration (PCO), pulp necrosis (PN), repair‐related resorption (RRR), infection‐related resorption (IRR), ankylosis‐related resorption (ARR), marginal bone loss (MBL), and tooth loss (TL) for teeth involved in an alveolar process fracture and to identify possible risk factors.Material and methodA total of 91 patients with 223 traumatized teeth.StatisticsThe risks of PCO, PN, RRR, IRR, ARR, MBL, and TL were analyzed separately for teeth with immature and mature root development using Kaplan–Meier and Aalen–Johansen methods. Possible risk factors for PN (age, fracture in relation to apex, displacement, gingival injury, degree of repositioning, type of splint, duration of splinting, treatment delay, and antibiotics) were analyzed for mature teeth using Cox regression. The level of significance was 5%.ResultsImmature: No severe complications (PN, IRR, ARR, MBL, or TL) were diagnosed during follow up. Mature: Estimated risk after a 10‐year follow up: PN: 56% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48.1–63.9), IRR: 2.5% (95% CI: 0–5.1), ARR: 2.1% (95% CI: 0.1–4.1), MBL: 2.4% (95% CI: 0.3–4.4), and TL: 7.8% (95% CI: 0–15.7). The following factors significantly increased the risk of PN in teeth with mature root development: fracture in relation to apex (hazard ratio (HR): 2.6 (95% CI: 0.2 – 5.7), P = 0.01), displacement in the horizontal part of the fracture >2 mm (HR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1–3.2, P = 0.03), incomplete repositioning (HR: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3–3.5), P = 0.003), and age >30 years (HR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1–4.6), P = 0.02). The type of splint (rigid or flexible), the duration of splinting (more or less than 4 weeks), and the administration of antibiotics did not affect the risk of PN.ConclusionTeeth involved in alveolar process fractures appear, apart from PN, to have a good prognosis. A conservative treatment approach is recommended.
Does soil amended with biochar and hydrochar reduce ammonia emissions following the application of pig slurry?
Authors: Subedi R. , Kammann C. , Pelissetti S. , Taupe N. , Bertora C. , Monaco S. , Grignani C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCombining amendments to the soil made by biochar or hydrochar with nitrogen (N) fertilizer can modify soil N dynamics and availability. Such a response suggests that these amendments would affect ammonia (NH3) emissions from slurry similarly, and potentially reduce volatilization of NH3. This study measured the potential emissions of NH3 following application of pig slurry to the surface of silt‐loam and loam soils amended with biochar and hydrochar (both derived from Miscanthus × giganteus (Greef et Deu)) at a rate of 3% soil dry weight (16 t ha−1 soil area, on average) and 60% water‐filled pore space (WFPS). The experiment was carried out in a dynamic chamber connected to a photo‐acoustic trace gas analyser in a controlled climate (20°C) for 48 hours. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in total emissions were observed between both treatment and soil types. Surprisingly, both amendments increased emissions of NH3 compared with the control; cumulative NH3 emissions averaged 38.7 and 23.5% of applied total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) for hydrochar and biochar, respectively, whereas it was 18.2% for the control. The larger emissions in hydrochar‐amended soil were attributed to the reduced ability to absorb NH4+ associated with greater hydrophobicity and strong pH buffering of the slurry. Furthermore, final soil analyses with deionised water extracts showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in mineral N concentration between treatments. The smaller ammonium concentrations in biochar‐amended soil suggest that some NH4+‐N was immobilized by adsorption on to biochar surfaces. This study observed that biochar and hydrochar properties, as well as soil characteristics, play important roles in controlling NH3 emissions from surface slurry applications. The results obtained identified circumstances where these amendments even enhance volatilization, which provides new information on and insight into the extent and limitations of the potential of biochar and hydrochar for the mitigation of emissions.
Supernumerary cheek tooth in a Byzantine horse from Theodosius Harbour, Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Pasicka E. , Onar V. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe subject was a mandible belonging to a morphologically mature horse of the late Byzantium period, discovered during excavations at Theodosius Harbour in Istanbul, Turkey that had a developmental molar tooth abnormality, i.e. a supernumerary molar tooth. This is an interesting case due to the rarity of supernumerary molars in archaeozoological materials, and also because it is the only such case of equid polydontia from the late Byzantium period from that archaeological site.
Aggravated phosphorus limitation on biomass production under increasing nitrogen loading: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yong , Niu Shuli , Yu Guirui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), either individually or in combination, have been demonstrated to limit biomass production in terrestrial ecosystems. Field studies have been extensively synthesized to assess global patterns of N impacts on terrestrial ecosystem processes. However, to our knowledge, no synthesis has been done so far to reveal global patterns of P impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, especially under different nitrogen (N) levels. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of impacts of P addition, either alone or with N addition, on aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass production (BGB), plant and soil P concentrations, and N : P ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, our meta‐analysis quantitatively confirmed existing notions: (i) colimitation of N and P on biomass production and (ii) more P limitation in tropical forest than other ecosystems. More importantly, our analysis revealed new findings: (i) P limitation on biomass production was aggravated by N enrichment and (ii) plant P concentration was a better indicator of P limitation than soil P availability. Specifically, P addition increased AGB and BGB by 34% and 13%, respectively. The effect size of P addition on biomass production was larger in tropical forest than grassland, wetland, and tundra and varied with P fertilizer forms, P addition rates, or experimental durations. The P‐induced increase in biomass production and plant P concentration was larger under elevated than ambient N. Our findings suggest that the global limitation of P on biomass production will become severer under increasing N fertilizer and deposition in the future.
Carbon pool densities and a first estimate of the total carbon pool in the Mongolian forest‐steppe
Authors: Dulamsuren Choimaa , Klinge Michael , Degener Jan , Khishigjargal Mookhor , Chenlemuge Tselmeg , Bat‐Enerel Banzragch , Yeruult Yolk , Saindovdon Davaadorj , Ganbaatar Kherlenchimeg , Tsogtbaatar Jamsran , Leuschner Christoph , Hauck Markus 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe boreal forest biome represents one of the most important terrestrial carbon stores, which gave reason to intensive research on carbon stock densities. However, such an analysis does not yet exist for the southernmost Eurosiberian boreal forests in Inner Asia. Most of these forests are located in the Mongolian forest‐steppe, which is largely dominated by Larix sibirica. We quantified the carbon stock density and total carbon pool of Mongolia's boreal forests and adjacent grasslands and draw conclusions on possible future change. Mean aboveground carbon stock density in the interior of L. sibirica forests was 66 Mg C ha−1, which is in the upper range of values reported from boreal forests and probably due to the comparably long growing season. The density of soil organic carbon (SOC, 108 Mg C ha−1) and total belowground carbon density (149 Mg C ha−1) are at the lower end of the range known from boreal forests, which might be the result of higher soil temperatures and a thinner permafrost layer than in the central and northern boreal forest belt. Land use effects are especially relevant at forest edges, where mean carbon stock density was 188 Mg C ha−1, compared with 215 Mg C ha−1 in the forest interior. Carbon stock density in grasslands was 144 Mg C ha−1. Analysis of satellite imagery of the highly fragmented forest area in the forest‐steppe zone showed that Mongolia's total boreal forest area is currently 73 818 km2, and 22% of this area refers to forest edges (defined as the first 30 m from the edge). The total forest carbon pool of Mongolia was estimated at ~ 1.5−1.7 Pg C, a value which is likely to decrease in future with increasing deforestation and fire frequency, and global warming.
Rice grain yield and quality responses to free‐air CO2 enrichment combined with soil and water warming
Authors: Usui Yasuhiro , Sakai Hidemitsu , Tokida Takeshi , Nakamura Hirofumi , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Hasegawa Toshihiro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRising air temperatures are projected to reduce rice yield and quality, whereas increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) can increase grain yield. For irrigated rice, ponded water is an important temperature environment, but few open‐field evaluations are available on the combined effects of temperature and [CO2], which limits our ability to predict future rice production. We conducted free‐air CO2 enrichment and soil and water warming experiments, for three growing seasons to determine the yield and quality response to elevated [CO2] (+200 μmol mol−1, E‐[CO2]) and soil and water temperatures (+2 °C, E‐T). E‐[CO2] significantly increased biomass and grain yield by approximately 14% averaged over 3 years, mainly because of increased panicle and spikelet density. E‐T significantly increased biomass but had no significant effect on the grain yield. E‐T decreased days from transplanting to heading by approximately 1%, but days to the maximum tiller number (MTN) stage were reduced by approximately 8%, which limited the panicle density and therefore sink capacity. On the other hand, E‐[CO2] increased days to the MTN stage by approximately 4%, leading to a greater number of tillers. Grain appearance quality was decreased by both treatments, but E‐[CO2] showed a much larger effect than did E‐T. The significant decrease in undamaged grains (UDG) by E‐[CO2] was mainly the result of an increased percentage of white‐base grains (WBSG), which were negatively correlated with grain protein content. A significant decrease in grain protein content by E‐[CO2] accounted in part for the increased WBSG. The dependence of WBSG on grain protein content, however, was different among years; the slope and intercept of the relationship were positively correlated with a heat dose above 26 °C. Year‐to‐year variation in the response of grain appearance quality demonstrated that E‐[CO2] and rising air temperatures synergistically reduce grain appearance quality of rice.
Dynamic habitat suitability modelling reveals rapid poleward distribution shift in a mobile apex predator
Authors: Hill Nicholas J. , Tobin Andrew J. , Reside April E. , Pepperell Julian G. , Bridge Tom C. L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany taxa are undergoing distribution shifts in response to anthropogenic climate change. However, detecting a climate signal in mobile species is difficult due to their wide‐ranging, patchy distributions, often driven by natural climate variability. For example, difficulties associated with assessing pelagic fish distributions have rendered fisheries management ill‐equipped to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change, leaving pelagic species and ecosystems vulnerable. Here, we demonstrate the value of citizen science data for modelling the dynamic habitat suitability of a mobile pelagic predator (black marlin, Istiompax indica) within the south‐west Pacific Ocean. The extensive spatial and temporal coverage of our occurrence data set (n = 18 717), collected at high resolution (~1.85 km2), enabled identification of suitable habitat at monthly time steps over a 16‐year period (1998–2013). We identified considerable monthly, seasonal and interannual variability in the extent and distribution of suitable habitat, predominately driven by chlorophyll a and sea surface height. Interannual variability correlated with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, with suitable habitat extending up to ~300 km further south during La Nina events. Despite the strong influence of ENSO, our model revealed a rapid poleward shift in the geometric mean of black marlin habitat, occurring at 88.2 km decade−1. By incorporating multiple environmental factors at monthly time steps, we were able to demonstrate a rapid distribution shift in a mobile pelagic species. Our findings suggest that the rapid velocity of climate change in the south‐west Pacific Ocean is likely affecting mobile pelagic species, indicating that they may be more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought.
Adherence to prescribed medications for chronic illnesses among older adults in a rural community, Karnataka, India
Authors: Hegde Shailendra Kumar B , Fathima Farah Naaz , Agrawal Twinkle , Misquith Dominic 
Published: October 2015

AimTo assess adherence to prescribed medications for chronic illnesses and to identify factors associated with it among rural older adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out from September to November 2011 in three subcenters in Lakkur PHC, Kolar District, India. All older adults were listed, and those suffering from chronic non‐communicable diseases were included in the study. A structured interview schedule comprising of 48 items was used to measure adherence, and to identify factors associated with adherence in the domains of socioeconomic status, therapy, health systems, patient behavior and physical factors.ResultsOf the 184 older adults included in the study, 63.6% were fully adherent to their medication. Non‐adherence to medication showed a statistically significant relationship with the absence of a medical store within their village, non‐availability of drugs at the nearest medical store, inability to understand the doctor's language, failure to explain the consequences of not taking medicines by the healthcare provider, self‐alteration of medicine dosage, fear that medicines will lead to the development of dependence to medicines and difficulty in swallowing. Those who led busy lives, those who had been prescribed three or more types of medicines prescribed per day, those who required special skills to take medicines (injections, inhalers), those who had made adjustments to their usual lifestyle to take medicines and those who had knowledge that medicines need to be taken lifelong were more likely to be adherent to their medications. Four factors, namely, the doctor explaining the consequences of not taking medicines, altering the dosage of the medicines by the patients themselves, the number of medicines prescribed per day and having the knowledge that medicines need to be taken lifelong, were critical determinants of adherence to medications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1339–1345.
Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in a Taiwanese population aged 53 years and over: Results from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Jen 
Published: October 2015

AimThe present study aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms in a Taiwanese population aged 53 years and over, and evaluate the longitudinal impacts of dietary patterns on depressive symptoms.MethodsData were from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging.ResultDepressive symptoms were identified in 23% of adults aged ≥53 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a Western dietary pattern, which was characterized by frequent consumption of meat/poultry and eggs, with infrequent consumption of fish, beans/legumes, vegetables and fruit, was cross‐sectionally associated with a high risk of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). A traditional dietary pattern, which was characterized by frequent consumption of meat/poultry and eggs with infrequent consumption of fish, increased by 60% the risk of depressive symptoms during the subsequent 8 years (P < 0.05). A healthy dietary pattern, which was characterized by frequent consumption of fish, vegetables and fruits, was not significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDietary patterns correlate with depressive symptoms in a Taiwanese population aged 53 years and over. The Western and traditional dietary patterns, characterized by frequent consumption of meat/poultry and eggs, and infrequent consumption of fish, increased the risk of current and subsequent depressive symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1289–1295.