bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XII.—The Structure and Form of the Granophyric Quartz-Dolerite Intrusion, Centre II, Ardnamurchan, Argyllshire
Authors: Skelhorn R. R. , Elwell R. W. D. , Tyler R. C. 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisThe Granophyric Quartz-dolerite is one of a number of intrusions having arcuate outcrops which are concentric with respect to Centre II, Ardnamurchan. It is composed of three rock types: porphyritic dolerite, aphyric dolerite and granophyre. The granophyre extensively net-veins the two kinds of dolerite. However, the development of the net-veining was only the last stage of its intrusive activity. Relationships between granophyre and aphyric dolerite are such as to indicate that at an earlier stage both were in a magmatic state at the same time; that is, they were intruded together, though movement of granophyre magma persisted after the aphyric dolerite had solidified. Evidence is presented to show that intrusion of the porphyritic dolerite was the first episode, and that this provided the host rock for the simultaneous intrusion of aphyric dolerite and granophyre. In its role as host rock, the porphyritic dolerite was at first incompletely crystallized, but for later intrusions it had consolidated. When both dolerites were solid they were net-veined by the granophyre.The inner contact of the Granophyric Quartz-dolerite was formed by a later intrusion. The outer contact for much of its extent dips fairly gently outwards, and it would seem that where this is so intrusion was more nearly in a horizontal than a vertical sense. Locally, sheeted relationships between the three members of the Granophyric Quartz-dolerite, being gently inclined, support this conclusion. There are several possibilities as to the form the intrusion might have, and these are discussed.
III.—Trilobites from the Upper Stinchar Limestone (Ordovician) of the Girvan District, Ayrshire
Authors: Tripp Ronald Pearson 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisOne new genus and nineteen new species of trilobites from the platy upper Stinchar Limestone of the Girvan District are described. Sixteen of the twenty-nine genera recorded occur in the stratigraphically earlier confinis Flags; the strong North American stamp provided by many of these forms is greatly strengthened by the appearance of such genera as Dimeropyge, Mesotaphraspis, Heliomera and Pliomerella. Hypodicranotus has hitherto been recorded only from strata of Trenton Limestone age in North America and Baffin Island.
VI.—Vegetational Change, Shoreline Displacement and the Human Factor in the Late Quaternary History of South-West Scotland
Authors: Nichols Harvey 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisPalynological investigations were made at two sites in south-west Scotland where peat bogs overlying late Quaternary marine clays and sands were dated by reference to the established British pollen zonation. The “25 foot” shoreline was formed during late Zone VI and early VIIa near Dumfries (c. 8100 to 6600 years B.P.), while the “50 foot” beach near Campbeltown has been referred to Zone III (ending c. 10,000 years B.P.). Close-interval analysis of the upper sections of the pollen diagrams has allowed the recognition of human interference with the vegetation. Minor short-term changes in Zone VI have been tentatively referred to Mesolithic activities, while from Neolithic times (Zone VIIb) onwards there is evidence for an increasingly effective modification of the natural environment. The pollen diagrams allow some conclusions to be drawn about the types of farming (including cereal cultivation) which were characteristic of the settlements near Dumfries and in south Kintyre.
XXVIII.—A New Graphic Analysis of the Kinematics of Mechanisms
Authors: Smith Robert H. 
Published: January 2013

A mechanism may be defined as a combination of plates, bars, or flexible members jointed together, so that, while the parts may move relatively to each other, the relative positions of all the different parts are determinate for each given possible relative position of any two parts.It follows immediately that the simultaneous relative displacements, velocities, and accelerations of velocity of all parts are also strictly determinate.This determination, by accurate graphic means, forms the subject of this paper. In it those mechanisms alone are considered that are composed of rigid members, the motions of whose parts are all continually parallel to one plane, the constancy of the plane being defined relatively to one of the members of the mechanism itself.
VII.—On the Electrical Properties of Hydrogenised Palladium
Authors: Knott Cargill G. 
Published: January 2013

In the following paper I desire to place on record the results of certain experiments which have lately engaged my attention. The facts established are, so far as I am aware, novel and in themselves interesting.Many of the physical properties of hydrogenised palladium or hydrogenium have been carefully studied by Graham, Dewar, and others; but no one seems to have called attention to its thermoelectric peculiarities, or to have made a special study of its electrical resistance. These two inquiries form the subject of this paper. Throughout I shall use, for brevity's sake, the name Hydrogenium, which was applied by Graham to the fully-saturated form.
XVIII.—Researches in Thermometry
Authors: Mills Edmund J. , Thomson William 
Published: January 2013

In the course of a series of experiments upon fusion point, as determined by the mercurial thermometer, I had occasion to investigate several of the properties of that instrument. In the hope that the results of that investigation may economise the labour of other experimenters, and aid in its accuracy, I have ventured to submit them to the consideration of the Society. The memoir comprises the following sections:—I. Calibration and the calibration unit.II. The exposure correction.III. The movement of the zero with (α) time, and (β) temperature.IV. Poggendorff's correction.V. Comparison of the mercurial with the air thermometer.VI. Effect of compression.
XI.—An Account of the Great Finner Whale (Balænoptera Sibbaldii) stranded at Longniddry Part I. The Soft Parts.
Authors: Turner Wm 
Published: January 2013

On the 3d November 1869, a huge Finner whale was stranded on the beach at Gosford Bay, Longniddry, Firth of Forth.Most of the large Fin whales which have been examined by British and Continental anatomists have been found floating dead on the surface of the sea, and have then been towed ashore by their captors. But, from the account which was given in the Edinburgh daily newspapers, it would appear that, for some days previously, this animal had been recognised by the fishermen, swimming to and fro in the Firth. On the morning of the 3d it was seen from the shore, blowing with great violence from its nostrils, flapping its huge tail, and obviously struggling to disengage itself from the rocks and shoals, amidst which an unusually high tide had permitted it to wander. Shots were fired at it, and, from the wounds produced, blood poured forth which tinged the surrounding waves. As the tide receded, the animal was fairly stranded; and, after some vigorous but ineffectual attempts to disengage itself from its position, it slowly died. The animal lay some yards above low-water mark, so that for several hours each day it could be examined, and photographs taken from various points of view.
XXV.—Notice of High-Water Marks on the Banks of the River Tweed and some of its Tributaries; and also of Drift Deposits in the Valley of the Tweed
Authors: Home David Milne 
Published: January 2013

A few years ago, a memoir on high-water marks on the banks of the Rivers Earn and Teith, in Perthshire, by the Rev. Thomas Brown, was read in our Society, and published in our Transactions.The only other Scotch geologist, so far as I know, who has alluded to the existence of river terraces, much above the level of existing floods, is the late Dr Robert Chambers. In his work, entitled “Ancient Sea Margins,” Dr Chambers specifies many Scotch rivers, in the valleys occupied by which, he had seen terraces, at considerable heights above the rivers and above the sea.
XXXIV.—Studies in the Ammonites of the Family Echioceratidæ
Authors: Trueman A. E. , Williams Daisy M. 
Published: January 2013

The ammonites dealt with in this paper belong to the family Echioceratidæ (Buckman, T.A., 1913), a varied group of slender, generally evolute forms, usually ornamented by ribs but very rarely tuberculate. In many members of the family the periphery has only a feeble keel, but in some a sharp keel, with or without sulci, may be present.Ammonites of this family have most frequently been recorded as Ammonites raricostatus, and the raricostate species are by far the best known. The species at present classified with the Echioceratidæ, however, can be roughly grouped, with reference to their form only, as follows :—1. Raricostate forms, with strong widely spaced ribs and feeble carina, e.g. A. raricostatoides, A. zieteni.2. Forms with closely spaced ribs, with carina absent or feeble, e.g. A. viticola, A. prorsum.3. Forms with elevated whorls, bearing regular ribs of moderate strength and with carina and sulci, e.g. A. aplanatum.4. Forms becoming smooth on the last whorls, which are thin, with an acute keel and obsolescent sulci, e.g. A. macdonnellii.
V.—On Some Points in the Anatomy and Habits of the Lophogastrid Crustacea
Authors: Manton S. M. 
Published: January 2013

In the following pages two separate subjects are considered which are connected only by their relation to the same animals. The first concerns the feeding mechanisms and habits of the Lophogastridæ, but unfortunately no living animals could be examined.As a result of some work on the feeding mechanisms of the Malacostraca (Cannon and Manton, 1927, in the press, etc.) it was concluded that in the Syncarida, Peracarida, and Eucarida a primary filter-feeding habit exists. This has been modified or given up entirely in the higher forms of each division in favour of feeding on larger masses of food. In the adult Hemimysis, Anaspides, and Nyctiphanes the filter-feeding mechanisms are essentially similar. The maxilla forms a combined suction pump and filter and draws a current of water through a filtering comb of setæ borne on its proximal endite. This comb is scraped by the basal part of the first trunk limb, which transfers the collected food forwards on to the proximal endite of the maxillule by which it is pushed into the mouth.
VIII. On a new Species of Coloured Fringes, produced by reflexion between the Lenses of Achromatic or Compound Object-Glasses
Authors: Brewster David 
Published: January 2013

In a paper which I communicated to this Society in 1815, and which was published in the Seventh volume of their Transactions, I described a new species of coloured fringes, produced between two plates of parallel glass. From a consideration of the theory of this class of phenomena, it was obvious that analogous, though much more complicated, systems of rings should be produced between plates with curved surfaces, but it was not till 1822 that I succeeded in detecting them; and so completely are these rings concealed by the superposition of similarly situated images, that, in consequence, of having forgotten my method of observation, I have experienced the greatest difficulty in rediscovering them.My earliest experiments were performed with a double achromatic object-glass, made by Berge, having a diameter of inches, and 30 inches in focal length. The inner surfaces of the crown and flint glass lenses were ground to different radii, as shewn in the section of it at AB, CD, Fig. 5, Plate IX.; and the outer surface of the flint-glass lens was concave, so that there was left between the lenses a meniscus of air A 2, B 3 A.
I. Account of a Mineral from Strontian, and of a peculiar Species of Earth which it contains
Authors: Hope Thomas Charles 
Published: January 2013

The mineral, of which I have the honour to lay an account before the Society, was brought to Edinburgh in considerable quantity about six years ago by a dealer in fossils, though indeed it had found its way, long before this period, into one or two collections.By some it was mistaken for fluor. Its great specific gravity, its fibrous appearance, and its quality of forming an insoluble substance with sulphuric acid, made it generally be received as the native carbonate of barytes. From a few experiments, I was led at that time to entertain some doubt of its being any form of barytes ; and for several years, when I filled the chemical chair in the University of Glasgow, I used, when I exhibited the mineral itself, to mention in my lectures such of its properties as I had discovered, and which indicated that it did not belong to the barytic genus.
I. On the Origin and Principles of Gothic Architecture
Authors: Hall James 
Published: January 2013

Long after the arts of ancient Greece and Rome had been lost, and before any effectual attempt was made to revive them, a style of building, known among us by the name of Gothic Architecture, began to appear in Europe.At first, a few only of its peculiar forms were employed, which, in some old buildings, are to be met with, intermixed with the remains of a still more ancient style. Afterwards, rising by degrees into favour, it supplanted, in all the departments of architecture, every other species of design, and maintained an unrivalled dominion during three hundred years.
XXXI. On the Absorption of Light by Coloured Media, and on the Colours of the Prismatic Spectrum exhibited by certain Flames; with an Account of a ready Mode of determining the absolute dispersive Power of any Medium, by direct experiment
Authors: Herschel J. F. W. 
Published: January 2013

My dear Sir,As I see by a notice in your Journal, No. 13., which has just reached my hands, that your attention has been occupied by the phenomena of Coloured Flames, and the Absorption of Coloured Light by Diaphanous Bodies; and that you have been successful in the very valuable discovery of a manageable flame, discharging a homogeneous yellow light of an invariable character, I shall perhaps be excused, while the contents of your paper are unknown to me more particularly, for stating some phenomena Which I have myself observed, relative to this highly interesting department of physical optics.
XXI.—Fragmentary Notes on the Generative Organs of some Cartilaginous Fishes
Authors: Davy John 
Published: January 2013

These notes have been made at different intervals of time, and in different places,—some, and the majority of them, in Malta, in 1832–33,—some at Constantinople in 1839–40, and a few at a still earlier period, viz. in 1816, when on a voyage to Ceylon.Imperfect and brief as many of them are, I am induced to submit them to the Society, thinking they may be of some use as conveying the results of unbiassed observation, and that, as such, they may prove a small contribution, to a difficult branch of icthyology,—difficult, not indeed so much from the nature of the subject as from the comparatively few opportunities enjoyed by naturalists of obtaining specimens.
XXIV.—On the Pediculi infesting the Different Races of Man
Authors: Murray Andrew 
Published: January 2013

The bearing which the subject of the following communication has upon the much-vexed question of the unity of the human species, and the inferences which may be drawn from it in relation thereto, invest it with an importance which would not otherwise belong to it.The position which the question I allude to at present occupies is this. On the one hand, the advocates of the view that all men are not of the same species, but that they compose a genus consisting of many species, maintain that the parasites which infest the different races of man are distinct; and because we usually find that distinct species of parasites are allotted respectively to the different species of the lower animals, they infer that the same rule must hold with man, and that therefore each different race possessing a distinct parasite must be a distinct species.
XXV.—Expedition to the Higher Ranges of the Anamalai Hills, Coimbatore, in 1858
Authors: Cleghorn Hugh 
Published: January 2013

The excursion described in the following pages was planned by Dr Macpherson, Inspector-General of Hospitals, and myself, with a view to explore the Southern Range of the Anamalai (i.e. Elephant Hills), in the district of Coimbatore, which are sparingly laid down in the Great Trigonometrical Survey Map, while the peculiarities of their Fauna and Flora had not been recorded.The project was approved by the Right Honourable Lord Harris, then Governor of the Madras Presidency, and the services of Major D. Hamilton were sanctioned by His Excellency Sir Patrick Grant, Commander-in-chief, to accompany us as artist, to delineate the characteristic features of the country.
II.—On the Cause and Cure of Cataract
Authors: Brewster David 
Published: January 2013

My attention was called to the subject of Cataract, in consequence of having, about forty years ago, experienced an incipient attack of that complaint, and studied its progress and cure.While engaged in a game at chess with Sir James Hall, who was a very slow player, I amused myself in the intervals with looking at the streams of light which radiated from the flame of a candle in certain positions of the eyelids. In one of these observations I was surprised by a new phenomenon, of which I did not immediately see the cause. The flame of the candle was surrounded with lines of light, of an imperfectly triangular form, some parts of which were deeply tinged with the prismatic colours. Upon going home from the chess club, this optical figure was seen more distinctly round the moon, and of course it appeared, with more or less brightness, round every source of light.
XIX.—On the Bands formed by the Superposition of Paragenic Spectra produced by the Grooved Surfaces of Glass and Steel. Part II
Authors: Brewster David 
Published: January 2013

In the preceding paper I have described the bands produced by gratings or grooved surfaces with 500 divisions in an inch, when the two grooved surfaces are in contact, and the grooves in the one slightly inclined to those in the other.The following results were obtained with two gratings, one of wrhich had 2000 and the other 1000 divisions in an inch.1. When the surfaces are in perfect contact, and the grooves parallel, very irregular bands are seen on the united surfaces, either with a lens or by ordinary vision, and are parallel to the grooves. They are seen only on the 2d, 4th, 6th, &c., spectra on each side of the luminous bar or disc.
I.—The Chemistry of Strophanthidin, a Decomposition Product of Strophanthin
Authors: Fraser Thomas R. , Dobbin Leonard 
Published: January 2013

In a paper on the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Strophanthus hispidus, it was pointed out by one of us that when strophanthin, the glucosidal active principle present in the seeds and several other parts of this plant, is subjected to the action of dilute acids, it yields, among other products, a crystalline body—strophanthidin. A brief description was also given of processes by which this body may be prepared, and of several of its characters and chemical properties.The chemistry of strophanthidin will be more fully described in the present paper.
VIII.—The Lower Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of East Lothian (Garlton Hills)
Authors: Hatch Frederick H. 
Published: January 2013

The rich agricultural tract of country that forms the north-western part of East Lothian, undulating uniformly from the foot of the chain of the Lammermuirs towards the Firth of Forth, swells near Haddington into the cluster of the Garlton Hills, and the neighbouring masses of Traprain Law and North Berwick Law.The rocks that build up this elevated ground are lavas and tuffs that were produced during the period of volcanic activity that characterised the deposition of the Lower Carboniferous beds of Scotland. In East Lothian their eruption followed close on the deposition of the sandstones and marls that constitute the base of the calciferous sandstone group.
XXXII.—On the Manganese Oxides and Manganese Nodules in Marine Deposits
Authors: Murray John , Irvine Robert 
Published: January 2013

During the “Challenger” Deep-Sea Exploring Expedition a great many peculiar-looking manganese nodules or concretions were dredged from the floor of the ocean at great depths, chiefly in the Red Clay areas of the Pacific, but also in less abundance in the Red Clays of the Atlantic. In the other varieties of Deep-Sea deposits these nodules were much less abundant than in the Red Clays.In still more recent soundings, both American and British ships have discovered in many regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans a dark-brown coloured deposit containing a large amount of manganese dioxide, similar in character to the Red Clays from which the “Challenger” procured the largest hauls of manganese nodules. There is then every reason for supposing that manganese deposits and nodules are very widely distributed over the ocean's bed, especially in deep water at great distances from land. It was only occasionally that manganese nodules were present in any abundance in a Globigerina Ooze, and in these exceptional instances there was always much volcanic debris associated with the deposit. In the Blue Muds surrounding continental shores manganese nodules were rarely observed; still, on some rocks and boulders dredged from terrigenous deposits, a coating of manganese dioxide was observed on that portion of the stone which had projected above the surface of the mud.
XIV.—On the Products of the Destructive Distillation of Animal Substances. Part II
Authors: Anderson Thomas 
Published: January 2013

I propose in the following pages to communicate to the Society the progress of my investigation of the products of the destructive distillation of animal substances, the first part of which was published in the 16th volume of the Transactions. Since that period, partly owing to my numerous avocations, and partly to the inherent difficulties of the subject, less progress has been made than I had hoped or expected, but still I have accumulated some facts of considerable interest, which I think deserving of the attention of the Society.It may be remembered that, in the paper just referred to, I announced the discovery, among those products, of picoline, which I formerly obtained from coaltar, and of a new base, to which I gave the name of Petinine; and I entered pretty fully into the method adopted for the preparation of these substances, and of certain other bases, the existence of which I merely indicated, without at the time attempting to characterize them. On proceeding to the more minute investigation of these bases, I soon found that the quantity of material at my disposal was much too small to admit of satisfactory or complete results, although I had employed for their preparation above 300 pounds of bone-oil. I found it necessary, therefore, to begin ab initio with the preparation of the bases from another equally large quantity of the oil; and after going through the whole of the tedious processes described in my previous paper, with the expenditure of the labour of some months, I found my object again defeated by deficiency of material. After various experiments, which, though they led to no definite or conclusive results, served to familiarize me with the nature and relations of the products obtained, I made up my mind once more to begin again; and being resolved on this occasion not to be foiled in the same way as before, I used for my new preparation no less than 250 gallons of crude bone-oil, the weight of which was somewhat above a ton. The result of this process, though involving an immense amount of labour, has been satisfactory, not only in supplying me with a large amount of material, but has also enabled me to obtain many substances, some of them possessed of very remarkable properties, which had escaped my observation when operating on a smaller scale.