bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent exergame play for weight loss and psychosocial improvement: A controlled physical activity intervention
Authors: Staiano Amanda E. , Abraham Anisha A. , Calvert Sandra L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOverweight and obese youth, who face increased risk of medical complications including heart disease and type II diabetes, can benefit from sustainable physical activity interventions that result in weight loss.Objective:This study examined whether a 20‐week exergame (i.e., videogame that requires gross motor activity) intervention can produce weight loss and improve psychosocial outcomes for 54 overweight and obese African‐American adolescents.Design and Methods:Participants were recruited from a public high school and randomly assigned to competitive exergame, cooperative exergame, or control conditions. All exergame participants were encouraged to play the Nintendo Wii Active game for 30‐60 min per school day in a lunch‐time or after‐school program. Cooperative exergame participants worked with a peer to expend calories and earn points together, whereas competitive exergame participants competed against a peer. Control participants continued regular daily activities. Outcome measures included changes in weight, peer support, self‐efficacy, and self‐esteem, measured at baseline, and at ∼10 and 20 weeks.Results:Growth curve analysis revealed that cooperative exergame players lost significantly more weight (mean = 1.65 kg; s.d. = 4.52) than the control group, which did not lose weight. The competitive exergame players did not differ significantly from the other conditions. Cooperative exergame players also significantly increased in self‐efficacy compared to the control group, and both exergame conditions significantly increased in peer support more than the control group.Conclusion:Exergames, especially played cooperatively, can be an effective technological tool for weight loss among youth.
Effect of reducing the n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio on the maternal and fetal leptin axis in relation to infant body composition
Authors: Brunner Stefanie , Schmid Daniela , Hüttinger Kristina , Much Daniela , Brüderl Monika , Sedlmeier Eva‐Maria , Kratzsch Jürgen , Amann‐Gassner1 Ulrike , Bader Bernhard L , Hauner Hans 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of reducing the n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio in maternal nutrition on the maternal and cord blood leptin axis and their association with infant body composition up to 2 years.Design and Methods208 healthy pregnant women were randomized to either a dietary intervention to reduce the n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio from 15th week of gestation until 4 months postpartum or a control group. Leptin, soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index were determined in maternal and cord plasma and related to infant body composition assessed by skinfold thicknesses up to 2 years.ResultsThe intervention had no effect on either the maternal or fetal leptin axis. Maternal leptin in late pregnancy was inversely related to infant weight and lean body mass (LBM) up to 2 years, after multiple adjustments. Cord leptin was positively related to weight, body fat, and LBM at birth, and inversely associated with weight, BMI, fat mass, and LBM at 2 years and weight gain up to 2 years. The contribution of cord leptin to infant outcomes was overall stronger compared with maternal leptin.ConclusionsBoth, maternal and fetal leptin were associated with subsequent infant anthropometry with a greater impact of fetal leptin.
Supermarket discounts of low‐energy density foods: Effects on purchasing, food intake, and body weight
Authors: Geliebter Allan , Ang Ian (Yi Han) , Bernales‐Korins Maria , Hernandez Dominica , Ochner Christopher N. , Ungredda Tatiana , Miller Rachel , Kolbe Laura 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of a 50% discount on low‐energy density (ED) fruits and vegetables (F&V), bottled water, and diet sodas on shoppers' purchasing, food intake, and body weight.Design and MethodsA randomized, controlled trial was conducted at two Manhattan supermarkets, in which a 4‐week baseline period (no discounts) preceded an 8‐week intervention period (50% discount), and a 4‐week follow‐up period (no discounts). Twenty‐four hour dietary recall, as well as body weight and body composition measures were obtained every 4 weeks. Participants (n = 47, 33f; 14m) were overweight and obese (BMI ≥ 25) shoppers.ResultsPurchasing of F&V during intervention was greater in the discount group than in the control group (P < 0.0001). Purchasing of these items by the discount group relative to the control group during follow‐up was reduced from intervention (P = 0.002), but still remained higher than during baseline (P = 0.01), indicating a partially sustained effect. Intake of F&V increased from baseline to intervention in the discount group relative to the control group (P = 0.037) and was sustained during follow‐up. Body weight change did not differ significantly between groups, although post hoc analysis indicated a change within the discount group (−1.1 kg, P = 0.006) but not within the control group.ConclusionsDiscounts of low‐ED F&V led to increased purchasing and intake of those foods.
Abnormal motor behavior at 23 weeks in a fetus with Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS)
Authors: Hagen Marleen A. , Stuurman Kyra E. , de Vries Johanna I. 
Published: April 2013

What's already known about this topic?

Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder in which various organs can be affected and the phenotypic expression varies.
Evaluation of the quality of fetal movements can support the distinction of a specific syndrome in case of multiple affected organs.What does this study add?

With this case, we add early, in the second trimester of pregnancy, affected motor expression of the central nervous system.
Effect of side‐chain positions on morphology and photovoltaic properties of phenazine‐based donor–acceptor copolymers
Authors: Li Ying , Fu Yingying , Tong Hui , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Lixiang 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTwo phenazine donor–acceptor‐conjugated copolymers (P1 and P2) with the same polymer backbone but different anchoring positions of alkoxy chain on the phenazine unit were investigated to identify the effect of changing the position of alkoxy chains on their optical, electrochemical, blend film morphology, and photovoltaic properties. Although the optical absorption and frontier orbital energy levels were insensitive to the position of alkoxy chains, the film morphologies and photovoltaic performances changed significantly. P1/PC71BM blend film showed the formation of phase separation with large coarse aggregates, whereas P2/PC71BM blend film was homogeneous and smooth. Accordingly, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic devices increased from 1.50% for P1 to 2.54% for P2. In addition, the PCE of the polymer solar cell based on P2/PC71BM blend film could be further improved to 3.49% by using solvent vapor annealing treatment. These results clearly revealed that tuning the side‐chain position could be an effective way to adjust the morphology of the active layer and the efficiency of the photovoltaic device. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2910–2918
Structural and functional analysis of perforin mutations in association with clinical data of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2) patients
Authors: An Omer , Gursoy Attila , Gurgey Aytemiz , Keskin Ozlem 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPerforin plays a key role in the immune system via pore formation at the target cell membrane in the elimination of virus‐infected and transformed cells. A vast number of observed mutations in perforin impair this mechanism resulting in a rare but fatal disease, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 2 (FHL2). Here we report a comprehensive in silico structural analysis of a collection of 76 missense perforin mutations based on a proposed pore model. In our model, perforin monomers oligomerize having cyclic symmetry in consistent with previously found experimental constraints yet having flexibility in the size of the pore and the number of monomers involved. Clusters of the mutations on the model map to three distinct functional regions of the perforin. Calculated stability (free energy) changes show that the mutations mainly destabilize the protein structure, interestingly however, A91V polymorphism, leads to a more stable one. Structural characteristics of mutations help explain the severe functional consequences on perforin deficient patients. Our study provides a structural approach to the mutation effects on the perforin oligomerization and impaired cytotoxic function in FHL2 patients.
Becoming a Migrant at Home: Subjectivation Processes in Migrant‐Sending Countries Prior to Departure
Authors: Rodriguez Robyn M. , Schwenken Helen 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTLabour emigration is not merely the business of states and governmental policies, but comes with a range of wider societal practices. This includes the production of – and contestation over – the ‘ideal migrant subject’. This paper examines the complex interplay of actors and practices involved in migrant subject‐making processes paying close attention to the pre‐employment temporary labour migration process step by step from screening, recruitment, pre‐departure training up to employment‐matching. It asks how prospective migrants are transformed into ‘ideal’ migrant subjects. This contribution primarily draws from data from the Philippines and India. It is argued that migrants actually become migrants before they ever leave their home country: Labour‐sending states set the regulatory frameworks and co‐produce ‘ideal migrant subjects’ from which other social actors draw or contest. In contrast to most studies on the governance of labour migration, the authors highlight the role of subject formation as an important element of modern migration management. To the scholarship that actually takes into account subjectivation processes, this paper adds material both on the labour‐sending state as well as on non‐state actors. The paper, moreover, draws out subject‐making from previous studies where it is less central and more implicit. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perturbation of initial and boundary conditions for a limited‐area ensemble: multi‐model versus single‐model approach
Authors: Marsigli C. , Montani A. , Paccagnella T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the aim of developing of an ensemble forecasting system for the short‐range, the validity of a multi‐analysis multi‐model approach for initial‐ and boundary‐condition perturbations has been explored by the Consortium for Small‐scale Modelling (COSMO). This approach has been adopted in the COSMO Short‐Range Ensemble Prediction System (COSMO–SREPS), in which members are driven by a few operational deterministic runs. In this work, we show the extent to which this approach is beneficial with respect to the downscaling of a single‐model global ensemble, adopted by the operational COSMO Limited‐Area Ensemble Prediction System (COSMO–LEPS). Both COSMO–SREPS and COSMO–LEPS are made up of 16 integrations of the COSMO model with 7 km horizontal mesh size. Results based on the 2010–2011 winter season show that the 16 member COSMO–LEPS outperforms the 16 member COSMO–SREPS, which has boundaries perturbed by three global model runs only, but the reverse is true when the three‐member versions of the two systems are compared. Hence, if only a small‐size Limited‐Area Model (LAM) ensemble is feasible, then the multimodel approach for boundaries gives better results. The dependence of the scores on ensemble size is also studied, showing that all the quality measures tend to saturate before the full size is reached. Finally, the impact of combining the two ensembles is assessed, showing that a positive impact results from adding multi‐model‐driven members to COSMO–LEPS.
Identifying Rossby wave trains and quantifying their properties
Authors: Glatt Ilona , Wirth Volkmar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel method is introduced to automatically identify upper‐level Rossby wave trains and to objectively diagnose their properties. Based on the envelope of the upper tropospheric meridional wind represented in a Hovmöller diagram, the algorithm identifies individual Rossby wave trains as objects. These depend to some extent on user defined parameters.The utility of the method is demonstrated in two areas of application. First, the skill of a particular numerical weather prediction model is analysed for a specific case of a long‐lived Rossby wave train. For this purpose, a novel diagnostic is designed based on a Hovmöller diagram of the Rossby wave train objects that contains forecast data with the same lead time throughout the diagram. Automatically calculated properties of the different forecast Rossby wave trains are compared. Second, the climatological behaviour of Rossby wave train objects is investigated in long time series from reanalysis data. There are preferred regions for the generation and the decay of Rossby wave trains, and these regions show significant differences for Rossby wave trains of different minimum lifetimes; in addition there are substantial differences between the seasons.
Tandem mass spectra of glycan substructures enable the multistage mass spectrometric identification of determinants on oligosaccharides
Authors: Everest‐Dass Arun V. , Kolarich Daniel , Campbell Matthew P. , Packer Nicolle H. 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEGlycosylation of proteins and lipids affects many biological processes, such as host–pathogen interactions, cell communication, and initiation of the immune responses. Terminal glycan substructures, or determinants, often govern the function or recognition of the carrier glycoconjugate and modulate these processes. In this study we describe a strategy using multistage mass spectrometry to identify and confirm these glycan substructures.METHODSAn online tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) spectral fragment library of glycan substructures that typically occur at the non‐reducing terminus of glycoconjugates was created to enable the easier identification and confirmation of glycan determinants on oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins. Oligosaccharides were separated by porous graphitized carbon capillary chromatography and analysed by ion trap MS. Candidate product ions that constitute the glycan substructure mass were identified in the MS2 product ion spectrum, and used as the precursor ion for subsequent MS3 fragmentation. The resulting MS3 spectrum was matched against the MS2 spectral fragment library to identify the glycan substructure(s) that comprise the parent oligosaccharide.RESULTSThirty biologically important terminal glycan determinants commonly observed on glycoconjugates were fragmented by positive and negative ion mass spectrometry and the MS2 product ion masses manually annotated and stored in the UniCarb‐DB online database. Negative ion tandem mass spectra were especially useful in assigning isobaric glycan structures. We have applied this strategy for the identification of the sulphation, blood group antigens and sialic acid linkages on complex N‐and O‐glycans released from glycoproteins.CONCLUSIONSWe show the potential of these glycan substructure MS2 spectra in the negative ionization mode to facilitate the assignment of determinants on N‐ and O‐linked glycans released from glycoproteins. Comparing the structural feature ions of known glycan reference substructures assists in the annotation of complex glycan product ion spectra, and can remove the need for other orthogonal confirmation analyses such as sequential glycosidase digestion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies on uranyl complex with α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid in water–methanol medium
Authors: Jaison P. G. , Kumar Pranaw , Telmore Vijay M. , Aggarwal Suresh K. 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEHydroxycarboxylic acids are extensively used as chelating agents in the liquid chromatographic separation of actinides and lanthanides. They are also used as model compounds to understand the binding characteristics of humic substances. A systematic study of the speciation of uranyl‐α‐hyydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) in water–methanol is essential, as it is important to understand the various mechanisms responsible for the separation of these species in liquid chromatography.METHODSESI‐MS studies were carried out using a tandem quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer in positive and negative ion mode. The effects of solution composition, solute concentration and supporting electrolyte concentration on the ESI‐MS behavior of the uranyl species were studied. Transmission parameters such as the quadrupole ion energy and collision cell energy were optimized for acquiring the spectra of uranyl‐HIBA species, ensuring that the spectra reflect the solution equilibrium conditions.RESULTSThe solution composition and concentration of the uranyl salt were found to influence the major uncomplexed uranyl species. Although the ESI parameters did not influence the species distribution of uranyl‐HIBA, the transmission parameters did have a significant effect. The overall trend in the complexation reaction between uranyl and HIBA was studied as a function of ligand‐to‐metal ratio. The species distribution obtained in positive ion mode was similar to that obtained in negative ion mode.CONCLUSIONSThe study presents the optimization of the mobile phase conditions and the ESI‐MS parameters for the speciation of the uranyl‐HIBA system. The methodology was applied to obtaining the distribution of complexed and uncomplexed uranyl species for monitoring the trend in the complexation reaction. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Primacy of Climate Change for Sustainable International Tourism
Authors: Hall C. Michael , Scott Daniel , Gössling Stefan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTInternational tourism is portrayed by many agencies and governments as a significant contributor to sustainable development strategies. The economic impacts of international tourism are undoubtedly substantial; however, they need to be framed within a broader understanding of impacts throughout the tourism system. Emissions from tourism and their contribution to climate change therefore set a potentially major challenge for the sustainability of international tourism. Following an examination of the current and forecast growth of emissions from international tourism and the policies and strategies of lead bodies, industry and national governments, tourism is seen as grounded in a pro‐growth paradigm that offers no hope within the foreseeable future of absolute reductions in emissions. Given the potential implications of this finding, it is concluded that a significant reassessment is required of the potential benefits of tourism for sustainable development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Dual‐camera acquisition for accurate measurement of three‐dimensional eye movements
Authors: Wibirama Sunu , Tungjitkusolmun Supan , Pintavirooj Chuchart 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest a new approach for accurate measurement of three‐dimensional eye movements employing dual‐camera acquisition. Two calibrated mini CCD cameras are used to capture two simultaneous images of one eye. Center‐of‐mass and template‐matching algorithms are utilized to obtain two‐dimensional coordinates of the center of pupil and iris striation. Instead of asking each subject to fulfill intricate calibration steps, a novel and simpler technique to solve geometric distortion is presented by utilizing direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithm which requires only one preliminary calibration procedure for each camera without changing any camera installation. The DLT algorithm is then used to extract three‐dimensional coordinates of the center of the pupil and iris striation from prior two‐dimensional coordinates, allowing the three‐dimensional angular positions of the eye to be computed. Real‐time eyeball visualization based on tracking results is incorporated to help clinicians diagnose eye movements. Experimental results show that our system has high accuracy, as the average errors in the horizontal, vertical, and torsional angular positions were confined to 0.15°, 0.14°, and 0.20°, respectively. Real‐time implementation demonstrates that our system can be used in clinical routines to observe either voluntary or involuntary human eye movements. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Method for evaluation of fractal properties from data with noisy observational errors
Authors: Kotani Kiyoshi , Ogawa Hajime , Ogata Hisayoshi , Numata Takashi , Nakazawa Kimitaka , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method, named cutting detrended fluctuation analysis (cutting DFA), for the evaluation of global and local fractal properties from data containing noisy observational errors. This method evaluates how the Hurst exponent varies by cutting out in the order of the largest deviation from the mean value. An analysis of the simulated fractal signal reveals that cutting DFA exhibits a linear transition of the Hurst exponent with respect to the cutting rate. The mean value and the slope thereof reflect the global and local fractal properties of the time series, respectively. We then analyze the long‐term heart rate variability of congestive heart failure (CHF) patients and healthy subjects with observational errors. It is demonstrated that CHF patients have a higher value in the mean Hurst exponent than healthy subjects, indicating a higher global Hurst exponent. Also, it is demonstrated that healthy subjects have a statistically significant difference in slope from monofractal time series, while CHF patients do not. These results indicate that the local fractal property of healthy subjects is far from monofractal time series, which matches previous findings. Therefore, it is confirmed that cutting DFA extracts fractal properties of original heart rate variability from data containing observational errors. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accurate and efficient modeling of complex offshore wind turbine support structures using augmented superelements
Authors: Voormeeren S. N. , van der Valk P. L. C. , Nortier B. P. , Molenaar D‐P. , Rixen D. J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTraditionally, wind turbine dynamics are analyzed using computationally efficient but geometrically coarse aeroelastic models. With ever larger offshore turbines being installed in deeper waters, the wind industry is gradually moving toward more complex foundation types such as jackets and tripods. Even the simplest models of such structures have many more degrees of freedom (DoFs) than the complete wind turbine model, leading to excessive computation times. To cope with this, we can employ reduced ‘superelement’ modeling of the support structure. However, since these structures are subjected to hydrodynamic loading at a large portion of their DoFs, traditional reduction methods fail to properly describe the response to this excitation. In this paper, we therefore propose to combine superelement modeling with the concept of modal truncation augmentation, which consists in extending the reduction basis by adding ‘residual vectors’. Furthermore, we use principal component analysis to find the predominant hydrodynamic loading on the support structure.A case study is performed on a reference wind turbine model on a jacket structure, revealing both the need for coupled dynamic analysis and the shortcomings of traditional superelement models for offshore support structures. Most importantly, this case study shows that the proposed augmented superelement approach allows to create very compact yet accurate models of the complex support structure, thereby enabling efficient integrated simulation of offshore wind turbines.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.