bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of interaction between nutritional and developmental instability in mediaeval population in Wrocław
Authors: Gawlikowska-Sroka Aleksandra , Dąbrowski Paweł , Szczurowski Jacek , Staniowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2013

In this paper, we test the hypothesis that indices of nutritional stress from enamel hypoplasia increase the incidence of indicators of developmental instability in fluctuating asymmetry, even in high social status individuals. The studied material consisted of a medieval sample of 58 skulls from the Wrocław area. Radiographs were taken in postero-anterior (P-A) and base projections. Images were scanned and calibrated by means of MicroStation 95 Academic Edition software, and measurements of the skull images were used to estimate fluctuating asymmetry. The presence of hypoplasia and caries was assessed using standard anthropological methods and all data was statistically analysed. The highest levels of fluctuating asymmetry were observed in the skull base region. Hypoplasia was observed in 40% and caries in 55.5%.
Differences were noted in the level of fluctuating asymmetry in relationship to the presence or absence of hypoplasia, where a higher level predisposes individuals to enamel hypoplasia and a decline in buffering capacity, regardless of their socio-economic status.
Glimpse at EU–China relationships since 2008
Authors: Staburova Jelena , Bērziņa Una Aleksandra 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
United Europe-China relations have a long history. For many years they have developed successfully, but not along a simple course. The main thesis of this article is that the year 2008, which is associated primarily with the onset of the financial crisis in Europe, became a watershed in the history of bilateral relations between EU and China. Over the past few years the agenda and the role of the actors, and also the content and format of discourse have changed dramatically. This article is devoted primarily to some aspects of the EU’s position in relation to China and, to a lesser extent, to the position of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Therefore the history of contacts between the two sides will be considered especially in the light of some EU publications, while China will be outside our primary area of focus. Unlike many studies on economic cooperation between EU and China, our paper will accentuate the political component of the relationship. We shall try to demonstrate that, beginning with 2008, Europe has been partly losing its status as the driving force in the EU-China dialogue. We will conclude by addressing the problem of adequate understanding of Chinese political texts, without which no political communication of Europe with China can be successful. A critical analysis of a recent document prepared by the EU eliminates some problematical points within the united Europe, which affect the effectiveness of its Chinese policy. Our method can be described as eclectic in the sense that it borrows arguments from a variety of political research techniques and terminologies (discourse analysis, historical institutionalism, engagement and stakeholder theories), as well as from sinological (by which we understand the analysis of Chinese texts in the cultural perspective) and historical approaches.
Some Aspects of the Baltic Countries’ Pre- and Post- Accession Convergence to the European Union
Authors: Talts Mait 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This comprehensive article provides an overview of the broader process of political, legal and societal changes characterizing the Baltic countries’ convergence towards the European Union. The article aims to identify the specific areas and issues which reveal both similarities and differences between the three Baltic countries. Special focus has been given to issues of economic development, economic policy choices, employment, public opinion and some legal aspects. The article, first of all, tries to reveal the differences between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stemming from different economic policy decisions made by the Baltic countries in the 1990s as well as from to the fact that in 1997-1999 the European Union treated the Baltic countries somewhat differently in terms of conditionality. However, during the 21st century, especially due to the economic recession, the ‘Baltic clocks’ have been synchronized despite the obvious differences in political system and levels of economic development. The author of the current article believes that the main factor behind that development was the convergence to European Union.
Geopolitics Taking the Signature from the Russian-Estonian Border Treaty (2005)
Authors: Alatalu Toomas 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Explaining the withdrawal of his signature from the Estonian- Russian Border Agreement, the Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov announced on June 27, 2005 that “they in the EU might have succumbed to the temptation of telling us to ratify it […] on your side also, with some interpretations attached, so that the treaty can enter into force. To stop the EU from falling into this temptation, we have withdrawn our signature. There will be no treaty”. Thus, Moscow actually punished the European Union, which seems logical as with regard to geopolitics and geostrategy, the border negotiations were held in the buffer zone between the European Union and Russia.
In 2004-2005 Russia held simultaneous and also interconnected border negotiations with Japan, China, Kazakhstan, Latvia and Estonia, with agreements eventually signed only with China and Kazakhstan. Failures with Japan, Latvia and Estonia derived from Moscow’s position to keep all gains of World War II. At the same time Russia had related all its foreign affairs with the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II held in Russia, which was curiously used by the young Georgian leader Mikheil Saakashvili, whose quick and clear manoeuvres approved by the West turned the ordinary Rimland country Georgia into a classic geopolitical pivot. And all this was done at the expense of Russia’s influence. The highlight of the process was Saakashvili’s statement that he will come to Moscow on May 9th only if Russia agrees to withdraw its military bases from Georgia. The Kremlin considered it best to agree, however, as the European Council aside the US, uniting the problems of Estonia, Latvia and the non-EU member Georgia, also began to praise the latter for overcoming Russia, Moscow decided to punish the nearest available EU member in the given situation by withdrawing its signature from the Russian-Estonian border treaty.
New Possibilities for Investigation of the Technological Texture Based on Measurement of Electric Parameters: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Kozík Tomáš , Minárik Stanislav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Texture is preferred orientation of crystallites in some polycrystalline materials. Different methods are applied to characterize the orientation patterns and determine the orientation distribution. Most of these methods rely on diffraction.
This paper introduces the principle of a method used for characterization of ceramics texture based on anisotropy of electrical properties of crystallites in ceramics. The mathematical framework of this method is presented in theoretical part of our work. In experimental section we demonstrate how the theoretical result could be used to evaluate technology texture of ceramic material intended for the production of electronic insulators.
Estimation of Soil Material Transportation by Wind Based on in Situ Wind Tunnel Experiments
Authors: Farsang Andrea , Duttmann Rainer , Bartus Máté , Szatmári József , Barta Károly , Bozsó Gábor 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
25% and 40% of territory of Hungary is moderate to highly vulnerable to deflation. However, precise estimates about the soil loss and related losses of organic matter and nutrients due to wind erosion are missing in most cases. In order to determine magnitudes of nutrient masses removed at wind velocities that frequently occur in SE Hungary, in-situ experiments using a portable wind tunnel have been conducted on small test plots with an erosional length of 5.6 m and a width of 0.65 m. The wind tunnel experiments have been carried through on a Chernozem which is typical for this region. In order to compare the effects of soil coverage on the masses of blown soil sediment and adsorbed nutrients, two soil surface types have been tested under similar soil moisture und atmospheric conditions: (1) bare soil (dead fallow) and (2) bare soil surface interrupted by a row of maize plants directed downwind along the center line of the test plots. The results of our experiments clearly show that a constant wind velocity of 15 m s-1 (at a height of 0.3 m) lasting over a short time period of 10 minutes can already cause noticeable changes in the composition and size of soil aggregates at the top of the soil surface. Due to the grain size selectivity of the erosive forces the relative share of soil aggregates comprising diameters > 1 mm increased by 5-10% compared with the unaffected soil. Moreover it has shown that short time wind erosion events as simulated in this study can result in erosion rates between 100 and 120 g m-2, where the erosion rates measured for bare soils are only slightly, but not significantly higher than those of the loosely vegetated ones. Soil samples taken from sediment traps mounted in different heights close to the outlet of the wind tunnel point to an enrichment of organic matter (OM) of about 0.6 to 1 % by mass referred to the control samples. From these findings has been calculated that the relocation of organic matter within short term wind erosion events can amount to 4.5 to 5.0 g OM m-2. With the help of portable field wind tunnel experiments we can conclude that our valuable, high quality chernozems are struck by wind erosion mainly in drought periods.
Investigation of Daily Natural and Rapid Human Effects on the Air Temperature of The Hajnóczy Cave in Bükk Mountains
Authors: Muladi Beáta , Mucsi László 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study the authors measured and analyzed the effect of the exterior daily temperature change on the interior temperature in a dripstone cave visited by cavers exclusively. The measurement was carried out in the Hajnóczy Cave located in the southern part of Bükk Mountains in Hungary. Although only one entrance is known, there are more evidences for the strong effect of exterior conditions on the interior processes like temperature fluctuation and dripstone development. Using high resolution wireless digital thermometer sensor network the air temperature and air humidity were measured in 32 points in every 10 minutes for long time but now the data of a 8-days period were analyzed. Based on these data different zones of the cave could be separated and during summer conditions the climatic variability of the entrance transitional and deep cave zone was described. Based on statistical analysis of spatial information significant correlation was found between the exterior temperature fluctuation and that of such a cave chamber, which is relatively far from the cave entrance. This fact proves that existence of a fissure system which is permeable for air but not passable for cavers. During the measurement the human effect was also analyzed and 0.3-0.6 °C temperature rising was recognized for a short time. Because of the surface vicinity the effects of the environmental change can have sensible impact on the cave and its natural phenomena. Among others temperature rising, air humidity decreasing were detected in present study.
Lake water level variations in Belarus
Authors: Volchak Aleksandr A. , Kirvel Ivan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Lake level is one of the most important lake characteristics which allows the results of different effects to be identified and detected. In this work time series of the water levels of Belorussian lakes were analysed in order to detect pattern variations, to evaluate quantitatively the transformation of the hydrological regime of lake ecosystems and to develop prediction models. The possibility of plotting predicting models of lake water levels one year in advance was shown. The complication in plotting predicting models is in its individuality, the huge volume of initial data and the impossibility of immediate assessment of the results. Additional complications are caused by the inhomogeneity of time series of water levels in lakes.
Coarse Bed Sediments in a Headwater Channel as Indicators of Fluvial Processes and Slope-Channel Coupling: A Case Study from the Carpathian Mountains (Czech Republic)
Authors: Galia Tomáš , Škarpich Václav 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The character of riverbed sediments usually reflects fluvial processes and the dynamics of sediment transport in fluvial systems. The approach in this study was based on the measurement of the largest boulders located within a bankfull channel, and on the observation of changes in their size in the longitudinal profile of a headwater stream in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mountains. The resulting trends in a particle-size index reflect the character of sediment delivery into channel segments and the recent channel-forming processes. The largest boulders were observed in channel sections with a strong interaction of slope and fluvial processes, and a slight coarsening of sediments was recorded in the incised downstream sections of the longitudinal stream profile. In contrast, the refining of bed sediments was typical of the transitional zone between slope-channel coupled reaches and an alluvial cone characterised by a tendency to material aggradation.
The Footfall of Shopping Centres in Olomouc (Czech Republic): an Application of the Gravity Model
Authors: Klapka Pavel , Erlebach Martin , Král Ondřej , Lehnert Michal , Mička Tomáš 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The issue of the footfall of large retail facilities in the city of Olomouc is treated in this article from the perspective of spatial interaction modelling. A production-constrained gravity model is applied to reveal spatial patterns of shopping travel intensities in the city. Three problems are addressed: the existing pattern and intensities of flows to the shopping centres; the prediction of possible future changes in these patterns and intensities; and inferences about hypothetical sizes of shopping centres according to some defined conditions.
Changes in Migration to Rural Regions in The Czech Republic: Position and Perspectives
Authors: Novotná Marie , Preis Jiří , Kopp Jan , Bartoš Michael 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Migration trends in the Czech Republic after 1990 are discussed in this paper. To evaluate the migration trends, the databases of immigrants and emigrants from the Czech Statistical Office from 1990 to 2010, are used. While migration from rural areas to urban areas prevailed in the past, after 1990 the direction changed: the population in rural areas with good natural and socio-cultural environments has been increasing due to migration. Small municipalities have a positive migration balance. We can conclude that these trends could be influenced primarily by social and environmental problems in cities, the increase in automobile use and the development of communication technologies, the migration of pensioners who settle in second homes, and the changing residential preferences of people and entrepreneurs.
Control of sputtering parameters for deposition of NbN thick films
Authors: Jha Rajveer , Awana V. P. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report a detailed study on control of sputtering parameters for synthesizing NbN superconducting thick films. The NbN films are deposited on single crystalline silicon (100) by DC reactive sputtering, i.e., deposition of Nb in the presence of reactive N
Tertiarisation of the Productive System of Slovakia: an Inputoutput Approach
Authors: Melikhova Yulia , Bažó Ladislav , Holubcová Ivana 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of the paper was to study the process of tertiarisation of the Slovak economy during the period between 1995 and 2009 and to analyse the relations of services with the rest of productive activities. The empirical study conducted in this work is based on the data from the WIOD symmetric input-output tables. The main trends of the structural transformation of Slovak productive system in analysed period was that services (mostly business services) increased their share (in term of value added) within the whole economy and the overall degree of tertiarisation rose. Domestic services not only increased their capacity to encourage their own production but intensified their relations with the rest of the economic activities.
Poiret, Dior and Schiaparelli
Authors: Parkins Ilya 
Published: November 2013

Through a highly original and detailed analysis of the memoirs, interviews and other life writings of Poiret, Dior and Schiaparelli, this book explores changing notions of femininity in the early decades of the twentieth century, when the democratization of fashion began.
Examining the idea of modernity, eternity and the ephemeral in the writings of these haute couturiers, the book reflects on fashion's ambivalent approach to women, which both celebrated and vilified them, presenting them as both ultra modern style leaders and irrational creatures stuck in the past.
This fascinating text is key reading for scholars and students of fashion, gender studies, cultural studies and history.
Wartime Fashion
Authors: Howell Geraldine 
Published: November 2013

A comprehensive analysis of Second World War dress practice and appearance, this study places dress at the forefront of a complex series of cultural chain reactions.
As lives were changed by the conditions of war, dress continued to reflect important visual narratives regarding class, gender and taste that would impact significantly on public consciousness of equality, fairness and morale. Using new archival and primary source evidence, Wartime Fashion clarifies how and why clothing was rationed, and repositions style and design during the war in relation to past expectations and ideas about clothes and fabrics. The book explores the impact of war on the dress and appearance of civilian women of all classes in the context of changing social and economic infrastructures created by the national emergency.
The varied research elements combined in this book form a rounded and definitive account of the dress history of British women during the Second World War. This is essential reading for anyone with an active interest in the field, whether personal or professional.
Relative Bioavailability of a Paediatric Granule Formulation of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Patel Parul , Song Ivy , Borland Julie , Chen Shuguang , Peppercorn Amanda , Wajima Toshihiro , Funaki Takeshi , Fujita Naomi , Hughes John , Piscitelli Stephen 
Published: November 2013

Background This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of a granule formulation of dolutegravir developed as an alternative to tablets for use in paediatric populations. Methods A randomized, open-label study in healthy adults was carried out. Subjects received five treatments in a crossover design: a single dose of dolute-gravir 50 mg as a tablet and dolutegravir 50 mg in 10 g of granule administered directly to mouth or mixed with purified water, water containing high cation concentrations or milk-based infant formula. Study treatments were separated by 7 days. Safety evaluations and serial pharmacokinetic sampling were done during each treatment period. A non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed; geometric least-squares mean ratios and 90% CIs were generated for treatment comparison. Palatability was assessed by questionnaire. Results Plasma dolutegravir exposures in all granule treatment arms exceeded those of tablet formulation. The mean area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) and maximum concentrations were 55–83% and 62–102% higher, respectively. Pharmacokinetics were similar when dolutegravir was mixed with purified or cation-containing water. Dolutegravir was well tolerated, with no withdrawals due to adverse events. Taste was rated acceptable for all treatments. Conclusions The exposure of dolutegravir after administration of granule formulation alone, with different types of water and with milk formula, exceeded that of the tablet. The similarity of dolutegravir exposure seen with the granule formulation demonstrates that dolutegravir granule can be given without restriction on the type of liquid or can be administered directly to the mouth (for example, when potable water is not available).
Des religieuses dans la tourmente
Authors: Vogel Philippe 
Published: November 2013

Les chroniques de la congrégation des sœurs de Saint-Joseph de Saint-Marc relatent des évènements de la Première Guerre mondiale en Alsace à travers un point de vue particulier : celui de religieuses catholiques, alsaciennes et allemandes. Vouées à la charité, elles ont, durant tout le conflit, et quelques fois au milieu des combats, apporté leur aide aux soldats et aux civils blessés ou nécessiteux. La Première Guerre mondiale a bouleversé leur quotidien, son règlement a modifié toute l’organisation de la congrégation sur fond de « chasse aux sorcières ».
Berthold von Deimling – ein Freund des Elsass?
Authors: Hochstuhl Kurt 
Published: November 2013

Berthold von Deimling est, au début du conflit, l’un des officiers les plus en vue de l’armée impériale. Sa carrière est marquée par des exploits individuels qui font la joie du Kaiser. Ce sabreur sans scrupules bénéficie ainsi de protections au plus haut niveau. Il est au premier plan lors de l’affaire de Saverne et tous ses actes vont clairement dans le sens d’une mise au pas des Alsaciens. Il prend cependant le contre-pied de ses collègues du haut-commandement militaire, qui accusent les recrues alsaciennes de manque de fiabilité voire de sympathie pour l’ennemi. Est-ce par conviction, par calcul politique ou par dépit parce que, las de ses actions individuelles, la Oberste Heeresleitung finit par le mettre sur la touche ? Ce soldat pur et dur au début de sa carrière, dont une partie se déroule en Alsace, et qui durant le conflit est à la tête de troupes à forte proportion d’Alsaciens, finira par rejoindre le camp des pacifistes après la Grande Guerre.
Novembre 1918. L’administration française s’établit en Alsace-Lorraine
Authors: Schmauch Joseph 
Published: November 2013

Une tâche immense et délicate attend les autorités françaises qui s’installent à Strasbourg, Metz et Colmar au cours des semaines qui suivent l’Armistice du 11 novembre 1918. Le gouvernement et l’administration peuvent toutefois s’appuyer sur les réflexions conduites par différentes instances chargées, depuis 1915, d’étudier le devenir de l’Alsace-Lorraine dans le cas d’une victoire française. Mais à l’automne 1918, l’équipe constituée autour de Clemenceau fait le choix de l’assimilation rapide : nomination de commissaires de la République chargés d’administrer l’ancien Reichsland selon une logique départementale, liquidation des institutions régionales -en particulier du Landtag-, congédiement des fonctionnaires allemands. Cette organisation nouvelle est bien éloignée des recommandations prudentes formulées par la Conférence d’Alsace-Lorraine. Les alertes répétées émanant de personnalités politiques locales, le mécontentement grandissant de la population parviennent toutefois à dessiller les yeux des fonctionnaires gouvernementaux. La mise en place d’un commissariat général de la République à Strasbourg au printemps 1919 rend compte des orientations nouvelles du gouvernement dans le sens de la déconcentration des pouvoirs et d’une meilleure prise en compte du « fait régional » en Alsace.