bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of whole‐body F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Wang Guohui , Wu Yaopan , Zhang Weidong , Li Jiayao , Wu Peihong , Xie Chuanmiao 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the study is to investigate the clinical value of F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in detecting the primary sites in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP).MethodsThe reports of FDG PET/CT scans of 164 patients with CUP syndrome in consecutive 2589 patients referred to our department from January 2006 to June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The final results were obtained from the pathologic reports, other imaging modalities diagnoses and clinical follow‐up data.ResultsThere were 142 cases in the results analysis, as 19 patients were lost to follow‐up and three patients were excluded. FDG PET/CT successfully detected primary tumours in 67 (47.2%) out of 142 patients. Among this group, 53 were pathologically proved and 17 patients were confirmed by clinical follow‐up. The primary sites of 38 (56.7%) were in lung, eight (11.9%) in nasopharynx and 13 (19.4%) in digestive system. Six patients were misdiagnosed by FDG PET/CT scan. FDG PET/CT could not detect the primary lesion in 66 patients, and three primary tumours were identified by conventional work‐up after negative FDG PET/CT scan. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET/CT scan in detecting the primary site in this study were 93.7%, 95.7% and 91.7%, respectively. FDG PET/CT scan changed the medical management of about 33.8% of 142 CUP patients.ConclusionFDG PET/CT whole‐body imaging is a valuable tool in detecting the primary tumour of patients with CUP site.
Concordance between thoracic multidisciplinary meeting recommendations for radiation therapy and actual treatment for lung cancer
Authors: Loh Jasmin , Stevens Graham , Stevens Wendy , Kolbe John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited evidence whether decisions of Thoracic Multidisciplinary Meetings (TMDMs) are reflected in the treatment lung cancer patients actually receive. Aims were to determine concordance between TMDM recommendations for radiotherapy (RT) and actual RT administered and to compare cases that received RT that were referred or not referred from TMDMs.MethodA retrospective review of demographic and clinical data for all lung cancer cases within the Auckland‐Northland region referred for RT from TMDMs (January–June 2009) and all cases that received RT but were not referred from TMDMs (January–August 2009).ResultsOf 110 cases referred for RT from TMDMs, 86 (78%) were offered RT (76 with the same treatment intent) and 78 (71%) received RT. Ten (9%) cases were deemed unsuitable for RT; 7 (6%) deteriorated; 4 (4%) declined or did not attend; 3% other. Fifty‐one other cases received RT without TMDM presentation. Cases with remote domicile or recurrent disease were significantly less likely to have been presented at TMDMs. TMDM presentation did not significantly increase transit time to RT. The proportion of RT cases referred from TMDMs had increased substantially since 2004.ConclusionThe concordance between TMDM recommendations for RT and both the RT administered and the intent of treatment suggests a useful role for TMDMs. Concordance could be increased by improving RT timeliness and improved education of other disciplines and patients regarding the role of RT. Strategies to increase presentation at TMDM include attention to geographically isolated groups.
Roepke Lecture in Economic Geography—Who Needs the Nation‐State?
Authors: Rodrik Dani 
Published: October 2012

abstractThe nation‐state has long been under attack from liberal economists and cosmopolitan ethicists alike. But it has proved remarkably resilient and remains the principal locus of governance as well as the primary determinant of personal attachments and identity. The global financial crisis has further underscored its centrality. Against the background of the globalization revolution, the tendency is to view the nation‐state as a hindrance to the achievement of desirable economic and social outcomes. Yet it remains indispensable to the achievement of those goals.
Correlation Between Photoluminescence and Structural Defects in Ca1+xCu3−xTi4O12 Systems
Authors: Oliveira Larissa H. , Paris Elaine C. , Avansi Waldir , Ramirez Miguel A. , Mastelaro Valmor R. , Longo Elson , Varela José A. 
Published: October 2012

Ca1+xCu3−xTi4O12 powders were synthesized by a conventional solid‐state reaction. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to verify the formation of cubic CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and orthorhombic CaTiO3 (CTO) phases at long range. Rietveld refinements indicate that excess Ca atoms added to the Ca1−xCu3−xTi4O12 (x = 1.0) composition segregated in a CaTiO3 secondary phase suggesting that solubility limit of Ca atoms in the CaCu3Ti4O12 lattice was reached for this system. The FE‐SEM images show that the Ca1+xCu3−xTi4O12 (0 < x < 3) powders are composed of several agglomerated particles with irregular morphology. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) spectra indicated [TiO5Voz]‐[TiO6] complex clusters in the CaCu3Ti4O12 structure which can be associated with oxygen vacancies (Voz = Vox, Vo•, and Vo••) whereas in the CaTiO3 powder, this analysis indicated [TiO6]–[TiO6] complex clusters in the structure. Ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis) spectra and photoluminescence (PL) measurements for the analyzed systems revealed structural defects such as oxygen vacancies, distortions, and/or strains in CaCu3Ti4O12 and CaTiO3 lattices, respectively.
The extended arm of health professionals? Relatives' experiences of patient's recovery in a fast‐track programme
Authors: Norlyk Annelise , Martinsen Bente 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo report a study of the lived experience of being a close relative to a patient with colon cancer participating in a fast‐track programme.BackgroundStudies have documented that postoperative recovery can be accelerated and that hospitalization can be reduced through fast‐track programmes. Due to the early discharge and the increasing demands on patients for self‐care, patients' relatives seem to play a pivotal role in fast‐track programmes. However, research is limited into how patients' close relatives are affected by and involved in the postoperative recovery process.DesignA descriptive phenomenological approach using Reflective Lifeworld Research.MethodsThe study was carried out within the descriptive phenomenological framework of Reflective Lifeworld Research. Data were collected in 2008 from in‐depth interviews with twelve relatives.FindingsRelatives experienced a huge responsibility for both the patient's well‐being and for the patient's compliance with the daily regimen. Relatives were caught in a conflicting double role. They were the extended arm of the health professionals but also the caring, supporting partner. A tension arose between relatives' desire to help the patient by taking an active part in the recovery process and the feelings of not always having the resources needed.ConclusionRelatives seem to suffer in silence as they bear the burden of the patient's diagnosis, the disruption of life, and the taken‐for‐granted responsibility for the patient's recovery process. From an existential perspective, this caring responsibility can be understood as ethical pain. Relatives should be seen as a distinct group with special caring needs of their own.
Longitudinal Correlated Changes in Conscientiousness, Preventative Health‐Related Behaviors, and Self‐Perceived Physical Health
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Edmonds Grant W. , Jackson Joshua J. , Roberts Brent W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has found that conscientiousness has positive associations with preventative health‐related behaviors and self‐perceived health, but little is known about the links between changes in these variables over time. In the present study, we examined how levels and changes in conscientiousness were linked to levels and changes in both preventative health‐related behaviors and self‐perceived physical health.MethodPersonality and health questionnaires were administered to participants in two waves, with an interval of approximately three years. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 94. To elucidate the tripartite relations between conscientiousness, preventative health‐related behaviors, and self‐perceived physical health, we used latent change models to estimate levels and changes of these latent constructs over time.ResultsChanges in conscientiousness were significantly and positively correlated with changes in preventative health behaviors and changes in self‐perceived physical health. Changes in preventative health behaviors partially mediated the relation between changes in conscientiousness and changes in self‐perceived physical health.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study extends previous research on conscientiousness and health by exploring the relations between latent variables over a 3‐year period. It provides evidence that increases in conscientiousness and preventative health‐related behaviors are associated with improvements in self‐perceived health over the same time period.
You're Inferior and Not Worth Our Concern: The Interface Between Empathy and Social Dominance Orientation
Authors: Sidanius Jim , Kteily Nour , Sheehy‐Skeffington Jennifer , Ho Arnold K. , Sibley Chris , Duriez Bart 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis project was directed at examination of the potential reciprocal relationship between empathy and social dominance orientation (SDO), with the purpose of testing the predictions from Duckitt's highly influential dual process model of prejudice, and further examining the validity of the mere effect view of social dominance orientation.MethodTo examine this relationship, the authors employed cross‐lagged structural equation modeling with manifest variables across two studies using large samples from different parts of the world. Study 1 consisted of data from two waves of 389 (83% female) Belgian university students, with each wave separated by 6 months. Study 2 consisted of two waves of data from a national probability sample of 4,466 New Zealand adults (63% female), with each wave separated by a 1‐year interval.ResultsResults supported our expectation of a reciprocal longitudinal relationship between empathy and SDO. Moreover, the results also revealed that SDO's effect on empathy over time tended to be stronger than empathy's effect on SDO over time, countering the predictions derived from the dual process model.ConclusionsThese results represent the first time the possible reciprocal effects of empathy and SDO on one another have been examined using panel data rather than less appropriate cross‐sectional analysis. They suggest the need to reexamine some key assumptions of the dual process model and further question the mere effect view of SDO.
Does Ego Development Increase During Midlife? The Effects of Openness and Accommodative Processing of Difficult Events
Authors: Lilgendahl Jennifer Pals , Helson Ravenna , John Oliver P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough Loevinger's model of ego development is a theory of personality growth, there are few studies that have examined age‐related change in ego level over developmentally significant periods of adulthood. To address this gap in the literature, we examined mean‐level change and individual differences in change in ego level over 18 years of midlife.MethodIn this longitudinal study, participants were 79 predominantly White, college‐educated women who completed the Washington University Sentence Completion Test in early (age 43) and late (age 61) midlife as well as measures of the trait of Openness (ages 21, 43, 52, and 61) and accommodative processing (assessed from narratives of difficult life events at age 52).ResultsAs hypothesized, the sample overall showed a mean‐level increase in ego level from age 43 to age 61. Additionally, a regression analysis showed that both the trait of Openness at age 21 and accommodative processing of difficult events that occurred during (as opposed to prior to) midlife were each predictive of increasing ego level from age 43 to age 61.ConclusionsThese findings counter prior claims that ego level remains stable during adulthood and contribute to our understanding of the underlying processes involved in personality growth in midlife.
Heterogeneous Patterns of Stress Over the Four Years of College: Associations With Anxious Attachment and Ego‐Resiliency
Authors: Galatzer‐Levy Isaac R. , Bonanno George A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveA growing body of literature suggests that college students display alarming rates of psychological distress. However, studies of responses to significant life stressors in other contexts have found that people respond in heterogeneous ways and that attachment style and ego‐resiliency mitigate the effects of stressors on mental health.MethodIndividual differences in distress among a cohort of students (N = 157; Mean age = 18.8 years, 62.6% female) across the four years of college were analyzed using latent class growth analysis. Trajectories were then regressed on levels of anxious and avoidant attachment and ego‐resiliency.ResultsFour discrete patterns emerged characterized by healthy and maladaptive patterns of stress response, indicating that students respond to college in heterogeneous ways. Several patterns showed significant variability in distress by semester. Low levels of anxious but not avoidant attachment predicted membership in the stable‐low distress or resilient class while ego‐resiliency predicted membership in both the resilient and moderate distress classes.ConclusionsFindings indicate that low levels of anxious attachment and the ability to flexibly cope with adversity may be associated with better mental health throughout college. Implications from stress response and developmental perspectives are discussed.
Cognitive‐Affective Processing System Analysis of Intra‐Individual Dynamics in Collaborative Therapeutic Assessment: Translating Basic Theory and Research Into Clinical Applications
Authors: Shoda Yuichi , Wilson Nicole L. , Chen Jessica , Gilmore Amanda K. , Smith Ronald E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAccording to the cognitive‐affective processing system (CAPS) model, behavior is a function of how the distinctive cognitive‐affective system of the individual responds to one's subjective experience of the situation encountered. Thus an individual's maladaptive coping processes may be understood by identifying the nature of the situations that a client experiences as highly stressful and the psychological reactions they trigger. An initial study established the feasibility and utility of an Internet‐based CAPS daily diary program; it was then used to facilitate a clinical stress‐management intervention. The daily diary enabled researchers and clinicians to gather Highly‐Repeated Within‐Persons (HRWP) data on the situational features, cognitions, affect, and coping behaviors associated with daily life stress, which were then analyzed separately for each participant to identify each individual's unique and distinctive pattern of intra‐individual dynamics. Results suggested that individuals differed reliably in the features of psychological situations that triggered stress and maladaptive coping behaviors. HRWP analysis of daily diary data enhanced the efficacy of clinical intervention, and clients' self‐regulatory capabilities and life satisfaction were shown to increase over the course of the intervention. We discuss how our program of research fits into the larger goals of translational science and current NIMH clinical research priorities.
(In)Congruence of Implicit and Explicit Communal Motives Predicts the Quality and Stability of Couple Relationships
Authors: Hagemeyer Birk , Neberich Wiebke , Asendorpf Jens B. , Neyer Franz J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has shown that motive congruence, as observed in convergingly high or low scores on implicit and explicit motive measures, promotes well‐being and health. Extending this individual perspective to the realm of couple relationships, the present investigation examined intra‐ and interpersonal effects of communal motive (in)congruence on relationship satisfaction and stability.MethodThe implicit partner‐related need for communion, the explicit desire for closeness, and relationship satisfaction were assessed in a sample of 547 heterosexual couples aged 18 to 73 years. In a one‐year follow‐up study, information on relationship stability was obtained, and relationship satisfaction was reassessed. The researchers tested cross‐sectional and longitudinal effects of motive (in)congruence by dyadic moderation analyses.ResultsIndividuals scoring congruently high on both motives reported the highest relationship satisfaction in concurrence with motive assessment and 1 year later. In addition, motive incongruence predicted an increased risk of relationship breakup over 1 year.ConclusionsThe results highlight the significance of both implicit and explicit motives for couple relationships. Motive incongruence was confirmed as a dispositional risk factor that so far has not been considered in couple research. Future research directions addressing potential mediators of the observed effects and potential moderators of motive (in)congruence are discussed.
Combined paediatric NAFLD fibrosis index and transient elastography to predict clinically significant fibrosis in children with fatty liver disease
Authors: Alkhouri Naim , Sedki Emad , Alisi Anna , Lopez Rocio , Pinzani Massimo , Feldstein Ariel E. , Nobili Valerio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of disease from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The paediatric NAFLD fibrosis index (PNFI) and transient elastography (TE) are potential noninvasive markers for fibrosis.To prospectively evaluate the performance of PNFI and TE in assessing clinically significant fibrosis in children with biopsy‐proven NAFLD.MethodsOur cohort consisted of 67 consecutive children with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. The stage of fibrosis was scored according to the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Fibrosis ≥ 2 was considered clinically significant. PNFI was calculated using age, waist circumference and triglycerides. TE was performed using the Fibroscan apparatus.ResultsTen patients had fibrosis stage 2–3 and 57 patients had stage 0–1. Both PNFI and TE values were significantly higher in patients with significant fibrosis (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting significant fibrosis of PNFI and TE were 0.747 and 1.00 respectively (P = 0.005). The combined use of PNFI and TE could predict the presence or absence of clinically significant fibrosis in 98% of children with NAFLD.ConclusionsIn children with NAFLD, the combination of PNFI and TE can be used to accurately assess the presence of clinically significant liver fibrosis. This will help to identify patients who should undergo liver biopsy because the confirmation of advanced fibrosis would lead to closer follow‐up and screening for cirrhosis‐related complications.
Pathogen pollution and the emergence of a deadly amphibian pathogen
Authors: McKenzie Valerie J. , Peterson Anna C. 
Published: October 2012

Imagine a single pathogen that is responsible for mass mortality of over a third of an entire vertebrate class. For example, if a single pathogen were causing the death, decline and extinction of 30% of mammal species (including humans), the entire world would be paying attention. This is what has been happening to the world's amphibians – the frogs, toads and salamanders that are affected by the chytrid fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (referred to as Bd), which are consequently declining at an alarming rate. It has aptly been described as the worst pathogen in history in terms of its effects on biodiversity (Kilpatrick et al. 2010). The pathogen was only formally described about 13 years ago (Longcore et al. 1999), and scientists are still in the process of determining where it came from and investigating the question: why now? Healthy debate has ensued as to whether Bd is a globally endemic organism that only recently started causing high mortality due to shifting host responses and/or environmental change (e.g. Pounds et al. 2006) or whether a virulent strain of the pathogen has rapidly disseminated around the world in recent decades, affecting new regions with a vengeance (e.g. Morehouse et al. 2003; Weldon et al. 2004; Lips et al. 2008). We are finally beginning to shed more light on this question, due to significant discoveries that have emerged as a result of intensive DNA‐sequencing methods comparing Bd isolates from different amphibian species across the globe. Evidence is mounting that there is indeed a global panzootic lineage of Bd (BdGPL) in addition to what appear to be more localized endemic strains (Fisher et al. 2009; James et al. 2009; Farrer et al. 2011). Additionally, BdGPL appears to be a hypervirulent strain that has resulted from the hybridization of different Bd strains that came into contact in recent decades, and is now potentially replacing the less‐virulent endemic strains of the pathogen (Farrer et al. 2011). In a new study published in this issue of Molecular Ecology, Schloegel et al. (2012) identify an additional unique Bd lineage that is endemic to the Atlantic Brazilian rainforests (Bd‐Brazil) and provide striking evidence that the Bd‐Brazil lineage has sexually recombined with the BdGPL lineage in an area where the two lineages likely came into contact as a result of classic anthropogenically mediated ‘pathogen pollution’(see below). Fungal pathogens, including Bd, have the propensity to form recombinant lineages when allopatric populations that have not yet formed genetic reproductive barriers are provided with opportunities to intermingle, and virulent strains may be selected for because they tend to be highly transmissible (Fisher et al. 2012). As Schloegel et al. (2012) point out, the demonstrated ability for Bd to undergo meiosis may also mean that it has the capacity to form a resistant spore stage (as yet undiscovered), based on extrapolation from other sexually reproducing chytrids that all have spore stages.