bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenna design exploiting duplex isolation for 4G application on handsets
Authors: Caporal Del Barrio S. , Pedersen G.F. 
Published: September 2013

A novel design addressing the antenna bandwidth issue for future communication standards on handsets is presented. It consists of a tunable‐antenna‐pair for operation with a tunable front‐end. The antennas are narrow‐band and frequency‐reconfigurable. This Letter focuses on the low communication bands. Measurements of the design are shown in band 12, and exhibit a receiver–transmitter isolation above 25 dB at 700 MHz.
High‐power‐factor light‐emitting diode lamp power supply without electrolytic capacitors for high‐pressure‐sodium lamp retrofit applications
Authors: Alonso J. Marcos , Calleja Antonio J. , Gacio David , Cardesín Jesus , Lopez Emilio , Dalla Costa Marco Antonio , da Silva Marcelo Freitas , do Prado Ricardo Nederson 
Published: September 2013

A long‐life high‐power‐factor integrated converter able to supply light‐emitting diode (LED) lamps in high‐pressure‐sodium lamp retrofitting applications is presented. The proposed converter is the integration of a buck‐boost converter with a buck converter, thus providing the necessary high input power factor and voltage transformation ratio to supply the low‐voltage LED array from the mains. The analysis of the converter is carried out, and a design procedure is proposed. The design is also performed so that low capacitances are needed at the output of each semi‐stage. This allows for the use of long‐life film capacitors, thus matching the converter lifetime to that of the LED lamp. A laboratory prototype supplied from 230 Vrms/50 Hz mains used to drive two LED arrays in series with a total output power of 100 W is presented.
What is global warming?
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘What is global warming?’ explains what greenhouse gases are and how they act to keep the Earth warm. Measurements of greenhouse gases in ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland have allowed scientists to link high levels of carbon dioxide and methane gases in the atmosphere to global warming. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was created to produce the first international agreement on reducing global man-made greenhouse gas emissions from energy production, industry, transport, and land-use changes. The Kyoto Protocol, theoretical models of climate change, and the ways that the different parts of the climate system interact are discussed to show how future climate change might be predicted.
Politics
Authors: Maslin Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘Politics’ shows that global warming can only be solved by binding international agreements to cut global greenhouse gas emissions. The management and enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol is explained. Only a few countries were on target to make their 2012 legally binding cuts with no truly effective way of censuring countries that do not make them. Greenhouse gas emissions are now rising faster than the worst-case scenario of the IPCC. To combat this, a strong post-2012 agreement must be negotiated that includes developing countries and must enshrine the principle of contraction and convergence, protect the rapid development of the very poorest parts of the world, and include global carbon trading.
Why trust and trustworthiness matter
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A trusted person's life runs more smoothly than a distrusted one's. Trust is a compliment, distrust an insult. However, trust can be a burden when we suspect we're not up for the job or when we don't want to do the job. ‘Why trust and trustworthiness matter’ looks at the advantages of trusting well and the disadvantages of trusting poorly. What is a ‘high trust’ society like? How about a ’low trust’ society? How do we start trusting? We should aspire to trustworthiness and to wise trusting. Trust and trustworthiness matter and can form a self-reinforcing positive spiral. The reverse happens with distrust.
Evolving trust and cooperation
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Where does the concept of trust fit into evolutionary theory? The gene selection idea has a disadvantage: it appears unable to explain the altruistic behaviour of certain animals. ‘Evolving trust and cooperation’ looks at possible explanations for this behaviour and applies it to humans. We often face situations in which we must decide whether to help others. Sometimes this decision is based on gain but often the decision is complex. ‘Social dilemmas’ involve decisions in which we consider the overall outcome as well as personal outcomes. Evolutionary psychologists think we can explain at least some aspects of our thinking and behaviour as the result of natural selection.
Take the money and run
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
‘Take the money and run’ explains the ‘basic trust game’ which is an economic experiment asking participants to make decisions of trust without communicating with others. This test tells researchers that trust is risky; trust can benefit the truster; when one person trusts, two people benefit; people don't always act in self-interest; and people don't always expect others to follow the path of self-interest. These sorts of experiments suggest that when people work together trustingly, they can get a lot done to the benefit of everyone. They also allow researchers to put numbers on trusting and trustworthy behaviour. They don't explain the sort of trust we have for family and friends, or even institutions.
Honesty and dishonesty
Authors: Hawley Katherine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
To trust someone based on what they say has an expectation of honesty and knowledge. It also has an expectation of good intentions and of skill or ability. Judgements about good intentions are more morally based than those about knowledge or skill. Sometimes we can hold people morally responsible for their ignorance. Trust involves an expectation of honesty, knowledge, skill, or ability. ‘Honesty and dishonesty’ asks: how good at we at spotting liars? Whilst most of us think we can recognise a liar, this is a false theory. Getting the right balance between trust and distrust is a challenge.
Asteroids in retrograde resonance with Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Morais M. H. M. , Namouni F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We identify a set of asteroids among Centaurs and Damocloids, which orbit contrary to the common direction of motion in the Solar system and which enter into resonance with Jupiter and Saturn. Their orbits have inclinations I ≳ 140° and semimajor axes a &lt; 15 au. Two objects are currently in retrograde resonance with Jupiter: 2006 BZ8 in the 2/−5 resonance and 2008 SO218 in the 1/−2 resonance. One object, 2009 QY6, is currently in the 2/−3 retrograde resonance with Saturn. These are the first examples of Solar system objects in retrograde resonance. The present resonant configurations last for several thousand years. Brief captures in retrograde resonance with Saturn are also possible during the 20 000 yr integration timespan, particularly in the 1/−1 resonance (2006 BZ8) and the 9/−7 resonance (1999 LE31).
Trajectory data mining: integrating semantics
Authors: Elragal Ahmed , El-Gendy Nada 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Trajectory is the path a moving object takes in space. To understand the trajectory movement patters, data mining is used. However, pattern analysis needs semantics to be understood. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to enrich trajectories with semantic annotations, such as the name of the location where the trajectory has stopped, so that the paper is able to attain quality decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
– An experiment was conducted to explain that the use of raw trajectories alone is not enough for the decision-making process and detailed pattern extraction.

Findings
– The findings of the paper indicates that some fundamental patterns and knowledge discovery is only obtainable by understanding the semantics underlying the position of each point.

Research limitations/implications
– The unavailability of data are a limitation of the paper, which would limit its generalizability. Additionally, the lack of availability of tools for automatically adding semantics to clusters posed as a limitation of the paper.

Practical implications
– The paper encourages governments as well as businesses to analyze movement data using data mining techniques, in light of the surrounding semantics. This will allow, for example, solving traffic congestions, since by understanding the movement patterns, the traffic authority could make decisions in order to avoid such congestions. Moreover, it could also help tourism authorities, at national levels, to know tourist movement patterns and support these patterns with the required logistical support. Additionally, for businesses, mobile operators could dynamically enhance their services, voice and data, by knowing the semantically enriched patterns of movement.

Originality/value
– The paper contributes to the already rare literature on trajectory mining, enhanced with semantics. Mainstream literature focusses on either trajectory mining or semantics, therefore the paper claims that the approach is novel and is needed as well. By integrating mining outcomes with semantic annotation, the paper contributes to the body of knowledge and introduces, with lab evidence, the new approach.
Development and evaluation of wiki collaboration space for e-Learning
Authors: Esichaikul Vatcharaporn , Myint Aung Win , Bechter Clemens , Rehman Mariam 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to define standard guidelines for the development of a wiki collaboration space for e-Learning, in order to provide collaborative activities among students, and between instructors and students.

Design/methodology/approach
– The general requirements and extended features of wiki collaboration space were determined by conducting a requirement study and discussion with major stakeholders, i.e. students and tutors. Then, the wiki collaboration space was developed based on an open source wiki system. Finally, a wiki collaboration space was evaluated in terms of usability and collaboration effectiveness.

Findings
– A comparison was performed between the wiki collaboration space and the original wiki in students’ works in an online course. The results showed that the effectiveness of collaboration and usefulness of wiki collaboration space were higher than original wiki in collaborative assignment.

Practical implications
– As for practical implications, e-Learning developers/managers can use the outcome of this study as a guideline to integrate wiki and/or other social software to supplement e-Learning systems for better collaboration.

Originality/value
– There is a need to define standard guidelines that provide the necessary features for wiki in e-Learning. In this study, extended features of wiki as collaborative learning tool were identified and evaluated to meet the needs of students in e-Learning environment.
Effect of Insular Injury on Autonomic Functions in Patients With Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Inamasu Joji , Sugimoto Keiko , Watanabe Eiichi , Kato Yoko , Hirose Yuichi 
Published: September 2013

Background and Purpose—
Insular injuries are known to cause autonomic derangements. Patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms frequently develop temporal hematomas (THs) in addition to subarachnoid hemorrhages, and those with TH may sustain autonomic derangements more frequently than those without TH. Hemispheric lateralization in autonomic derangements has been reported in patients with insular ischemic stroke, and this study was conducted to clarify whether such lateralization was also observed in patients with TH resulting from middle cerebral artery aneurysm rupture.

Methods—
A retrospective analysis on the medical records of 79 patients with ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms was performed on the basis of lateralization and presence of TH. They were quadrichotomized as left TH+ (LTH+; n=17), right TH+ (n=25), left TH− (n=15), and right TH− (n=22). Comparisons, mainly between LTH+ and right TH+, were made on demographic variables, autonomic/cardiac parameters, plasma catecholamine and glucose levels, and outcomes.

Results—

There were no significant differences in demographic or cardiac parameters between the 2 groups. Systolic blood pressures were lower in LTH+ (139±34 versus 174±47 mm Hg;
P
=0.05). The LTH+ group also tended to be more bradycardiac (80±19 versus 101±22 bpm;
P
=0.13). The LTH+ group exhibited significantly lower plasma norepinephrine (1008±975 versus 2549±2133 pg/mL;
P
=0.03) and glucose levels (9.3±1.8 versus 12.2±4.5 mmol/L;
P
=0.04). However, in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly (41% versus 44%;
P
=1.00).

Conclusions—
Lateralization of autonomic derangements observed might not have had a significant effect on the outcomes. Nevertheless, autonomic derangements associated with insular injury should be considered in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with TH.
Slavery and Household Formation in Ottoman Aleppo, 1640-1700
Authors: Wilkins Charles L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Focusing on a seventeenth-century Syrian city, this study examines the practice of slavery as a strategy for building elite households in the Ottoman Empire. After an overview of the slave trade and the social and political conditions which sustained it, it constructs a demographic profile of the slaves and slaveholders and concludes with case studies of how slaves were integrated into selected military-administrative, merchant and ulama families. Valued as servants, soldiers, companions, and business agents, slaves were integrated to a wide range of elite households, in some cases providing critical human resources for the households’ continuity.
Money, Power, and the State: The Origins of the Military-Fiscal State in Modern China
Authors: Halsey Stephen R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
During the late 1800s, internal rebellion and European imperialism transformed existing patterns of taxation, resource distribution, and government spending in China. Continual preparation for war led to an enormous growth in the state’s extractive capacity, and indirect commercial taxes supplanted the system of direct agrarian levies established in the early Qing era. Authorities earmarked the majority of these new resources for military spending in eastern China in an effort to amass the sinews of politico-economic power. Together these changes laid the initial foundation for the military-fiscal state in modern China, a transformation that parallels the experience of early modern Europe.
The “Fall” of Vijayanagara Reconsidered: Political Destruction and Historical Construction in South Indian History
Authors: Lycett Mark T. , Morrison Kathleen D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The eponymous capital of Vijayanagara was largely abandoned following the defeat of the imperial army at Talikota in 1565. The city was burned and looted and its monumental temple complexes, gateways, and images left in ruins. Despite large-scale damage to architecture in the city, however, the level and focus of destruction was strikingly variable. In this paper, we draw on the material record of late Vijayanagara temple complexes and other archaeological evidence to examine patterns of differentially distributed political violence. We suggest that these patterns may be understood, in part, in terms of the contemporary politics of sovereignty, incorporation, and reconstitution of elite authority. Drawing on these observations, we discuss the role of commemorative destruction as well as post-1565 temple rededications and abandonments in the afterlife of Vijayanagara as a social space. In particular, we examine the potential of monumental violence to act as a symbol or to index social memory through a creative and fluid process of instituting claims about the past, heritage, authenticity, and the nature of the present.
The Islamic City Critique: Revising the Narrative
Authors: Aldous Gregory 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In recent years scholars have challenged the concept of an Islamic city by constructing a historical narrative in which it derives from the orientalist tradition. They claim that French orientalists in the early twentieth century created an ideal type of the Islamic city as contrasted with its Western counterpart in order to support the assumptions of orientalist discourse. The first part of the article challenges this assumption by showing that the French orientalists did not in fact posit an Islamic city type. The second part offers an alternative explanation for the genesis of the concept by tracing it to the work of American anthropologists in the 1950s.
Predicting gene regulatory networks of soybean nodulation from RNA-Seq transcriptome data
Authors: Zhu Mingzhu , Dahmen Jeremy L , Stacey Gary , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a revolutionary technique to study the transcriptome of a cell under various conditions at a systems level. Despite the wide application of RNA-Seq techniques to generate experimental data in the last few years, few computational methods are available to analyze this huge amount of transcription data. The computational methods for constructing gene regulatory networks from RNA-Seq expression data of hundreds or even thousands of genes are particularly lacking and urgently needed.

Results
We developed an automated bioinformatics method to predict gene regulatory networks from the quantitative expression values of differentially expressed genes based on RNA-Seq transcriptome data of a cell in different stages and conditions, integrating transcriptional, genomic and gene function data. We applied the method to the RNA-Seq transcriptome data generated for soybean root hair cells in three different development stages of nodulation after rhizobium infection. The method predicted a soybean nodulation-related gene regulatory network consisting of 10 regulatory modules common for all three stages, and 24, 49 and 70 modules separately for the first, second and third stage, each containing both a group of co-expressed genes and several transcription factors collaboratively controlling their expression under different conditions. 8 of 10 common regulatory modules were validated by at least two kinds of validations, such as independent DNA binding motif analysis, gene function enrichment test, and previous experimental data in the literature.

Conclusions
We developed a computational method to reliably reconstruct gene regulatory networks from RNA-Seq transcriptome data. The method can generate valuable hypotheses for interpreting biological data and designing biological experiments such as ChIP-Seq, RNA interference, and yeast two hybrid experiments.
A general linear model-based approach for inferring selection to climate
Authors: Raj Srilakshmi M , Pagani Luca , Gallego Romero Irene , Kivisild Toomas , Amos William 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Many efforts have been made to detect signatures of positive selection in the human genome, especially those associated with expansion from Africa and subsequent colonization of all other continents. However, most approaches have not directly probed the relationship between the environment and patterns of variation among humans. We have designed a method to identify regions of the genome under selection based on Mantel tests conducted within a general linear model framework, which we call MAntel-GLM to Infer Clinal Selection (MAGICS). MAGICS explicitly incorporates population-specific and genome-wide patterns of background variation as well as information from environmental values to provide an improved picture of selection and its underlying causes in human populations.

Results
Our results significantly overlap with those obtained by other published methodologies, but MAGICS has several advantages. These include improvements that: limit false positives by reducing the number of independent tests conducted and by correcting for geographic distance, which we found to be a major contributor to selection signals; yield absolute rather than relative estimates of significance; identify specific geographic regions linked most strongly to particular signals of selection; and detect recent balancing as well as directional selection.

Conclusions
We find evidence of selection associated with climate (P < 10-5) in 354 genes, and among these observe a highly significant enrichment for directional positive selection. Two of our strongest 'hits’, however, ADRA2A and ADRA2C, implicated in vasoconstriction in response to cold and pain stimuli, show evidence of balancing selection. Our results clearly demonstrate evidence of climate-related signals of directional and balancing selection.
Identification of genes expressed in the sex pheromone gland of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon with putative roles in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport
Authors: Gu Shao-Hua , Wu Kong-Ming , Guo Yu-Yuan , Pickett John A , Field Linda M , Zhou Jing-Jiang , Zhang Yong-Jun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
One of the challenges in insect chemical ecology is to understand how insect pheromones are synthesised, detected and degraded. Genome wide survey by comparative sequencing and gene specific expression profiling provide rich resources for this challenge. A. ipsilon is a destructive pest of many crops and further characterization of the genes involved in pheromone biosynthesis and transport could offer potential targets for disruption of their chemical communication and for crop protection.

Results
Here we report 454 next-generation sequencing of the A. ipsilon pheromone gland transcriptome, identification and expression profiling of genes putatively involved in pheromone production, transport and degradation. A total of 23473 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome analysis, 86% of which were A. ipsilon specific. 42 transcripts encoded enzymes putatively involved in pheromone biosynthesis, of which 15 were specifically, or mainly, expressed in the pheromone glands at 5 to 120-fold higher levels than in the body. Two transcripts encoding for a fatty acid synthase and a desaturase were highly abundant in the transcriptome and expressed more than 40-fold higher in the glands than in the body. The transcripts encoding for 2 acetyl-CoA carboxylases, 1 fatty acid synthase, 2 desaturases, 3 acyl-CoA reductases, 2 alcohol oxidases, 2 aldehyde reductases and 3 acetyltransferases were expressed at a significantly higher level in the pheromone glands than in the body. 17 esterase transcripts were not gland-specific and 7 of these were expressed highly in the antennae. Seven transcripts encoding odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 8 encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified. Two CSP transcripts (AipsCSP2, AipsCSP8) were highly abundant in the pheromone gland transcriptome and this was confirmed by qRT-PCR. One OBP (AipsOBP6) were pheromone gland-enriched and three OBPs (AipsOBP1, AipsOBP2 and AipsOBP4) were antennal-enriched. Based on these studies we proposed possible A. ipsilon biosynthesis pathways for major and minor sex pheromone components.

Conclusions
Our study identified genes potentially involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and transport in A. ipsilon. The identified genes are likely to play essential roles in sex pheromone production, transport and degradation and could serve as targets to interfere with pheromone release. The identification of highly expressed CSPs and OBPs in the pheromone gland suggests that they may play a role in the binding, transport and release of sex pheromones during sex pheromone production in A. ipsilon and other Lepidoptera insects.