bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact U‐shape radiating patch with rectangular ground planar monopole antenna
Authors: Sambhe Vijay Kisanrao , Awale Rahul Narayanrao , Wagh Abhay 
Published: February 2015

A compact U‐shape radiating patch with rectangular ground planar monopole antenna is proposed. Antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02 with dimension 75(LR) × 48(WR) × 1.6(h) mm3. Measured return loss is ≤ −10 dB for the entire impedance bandwidth (800–3500 MHz). In addition, different key parameters which affect the impedance bandwidth are analysed and results discussed. Moreover, antennas have acceptable gain flatness with good omnidirectional radiation patterns. Its ease of fabrication, compatibility with other electronic devices, and radiation pattern make it a competent candidate for global system of mobile (890–960 MHz), digital communication system (1700–1900 MHz) and Bluetooth (2.45 GHz) cellular communication applications.
When is it Safe to Return to Driving after Spinal Surgery?
Authors: Scott Trevor P. , Pannel William , Savin David , Ngo Stephanie S. , Ellerman Jessica , Toy Kristin , Daubs Michael D. , Lu Daniel , Wang Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2015

Study Design Prospective study. Objective Surgeons’ recommendations for a safe return to driving following cervical and lumbar surgery vary and are based on empirical data. Driver reaction time (DRT) is an objective measure of the ability to drive safely. There are limited data about the effect of cervical and lumbar surgery on DRT. The purpose of our study was to use the DRT to determine when the patients undergoing a spinal surgery may safely return to driving. Methods We tested 37 patients’ DRT using computer software. Twenty-three patients (mean 50.5 ± 17.7 years) received lumbar surgery, and 14 patients had cervical surgery (mean 56.7 ± 10.9 years). Patients were compared with 14 healthy male controls (mean 32 ± 5.19 years). The patients having cervical surgery were subdivided into the anterior versus posterior approach and myelopathic versus nonmyelopathic groups. Patients having lumbar spinal surgery were subdivided by decompression versus fusion with or without decompression and single-level versus multilevel surgery. The patients were tested preoperatively and at 2 to 3, 6, and 12 weeks following the surgery. The use of opioids was noted. Results Overall, the patients having cervical and lumbar surgery showed no significant differences between pre- and postoperative DRT (cervical p = 0.49, lumbar p = 0.196). Only the patients having single-level procedures had a significant improvement from a preoperative DRT of 0.951 seconds (standard deviation 0.255) to 0.794 seconds (standard deviation 0.152) at 2 to 3 weeks ( p = 0.012). None of the other subgroups had a difference in the DRT. Conclusions Based on these findings, it may be acceptable to allow patients having a single-level lumbar fusion who are not taking opioids to return to driving as early as 2 weeks following the spinal surgery.
Atomistic simulation of damage accumulation and amorphization in Ge
Authors: Gomez-Selles Jose L. , Claverie Alain , Sklenard Benoit , Benistant Francis , Martin-Bragado Ignacio 
Published: February 2015

Damage accumulation and amorphization mechanisms by means of ion implantation in Ge are studied using Kinetic Monte Carlo and Binary Collision Approximation techniques. Such mechanisms are investigated through different stages of damage accumulation taking place in the implantation process: from point defect generation and cluster formation up to full amorphization of Ge layers. We propose a damage concentration amorphization threshold for Ge of ∼1.3 × 1022 cm−3 which is independent on the implantation conditions. Recombination energy barriers depending on amorphous pocket sizes are provided. This leads to an explanation of the reported distinct behavior of the damage generated by different ions. We have also observed that the dissolution of clusters plays an important role for relatively high temperatures and fluences. The model is able to explain and predict different damage generation regimes, amount of generated damage, and extension of amorphous layers in Ge for different ions and implantation conditions.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 24 January 2017.
Rescue of homeostatic regulation of striatal excitability and locomotor activity in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Cao Yumei , Bartolomé-Martín David , Rotem Naama , Rozas Carlos , Dellal Shlomo S. , Chacon Marcelo A. , Kadriu Bashkim , Gulinello Maria , Khodakhah Kamran , Faber Donald S. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Neurons typically regulate their intrinsic excitability to prevent excessive excitation and to gate information transfer. This paper describes an activity-dependent decrease in intrinsic excitability following brief bursts of nerve impulses. This homeostatic mechanism, due to the recruitment, or sensitization, of voltage-gated potassium channels, the KCNQ2/3 channels, is reduced in striatal neurons of two transgenic mouse models of Huntington’s disease at an age when these neurons are hyperactive and motor symptoms begin to appear. Pharmacological activation of these channels restores homeostasis in transgenic neurons, in vitro, and reduces motor impairment in behaving mice, consistent with the hypothesis that hyperactivity enables establishment of dysfunctional neural circuits and that KCNQ channels could serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of HD.
Archaeal replicative primases can perform translesion DNA synthesis
Authors: Jozwiakowski Stanislaw K. , Borazjani Gholami Farimah , Doherty Aidan J. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
DNA replicases stall at lesions during replication, potentially leading to genome instability. However, cells use specialized lesion bypass polymerases to restart stalled replisomes. Although most organisms possess these damage tolerance polymerases, capable of traversing blocking DNA lesions, many appear to lack these enzymes. We have discovered that replicative primases from archaea, previously considered to be solely involved in priming replication, are also capable of performing translesion DNA synthesis. This discovery has major implications for our understanding of additional roles of DNA primases during replication and the subsequent evolution of related lesion bypass pathways in eukaryotic organisms.
PTEN regulates natural killer cell trafficking in vivo
Authors: Leong Jeffrey W. , Schneider Stephanie E. , Sullivan Ryan P. , Parikh Bijal A. , Anthony Bryan A. , Singh Anvita , Jewell Brea A. , Schappe Timothy , Wagner Julia A. , Link Daniel C. , Yokoyama Wayne M. , Fehniger Todd A. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical players in the response to viruses and transformed cells, but the molecular mechanisms controlling their functions are incompletely understood. A major pathway leading to NK cell activation is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. However, the impact of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a key phosphatase opposing this pathway, on NK cells has not been reported. We generated a previously unreported NK cell-intrinsic PTEN-deletion mouse model to evaluate its role in NK cell biology. In contrast to other lymphocytes, we demonstrate that the primary effects of PTEN loss are marked perturbation in NK cell trafficking and distribution during both homeostasis and malignancy. These findings indicate that PTEN plays an essential role in NK cell localization in vivo.
Distinct activation of an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme by its cognate E3 ligases
Authors: Cohen Itamar , Wiener Reuven , Reiss Yuval , Ravid Tommer 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Ubiquitin (Ub) conjugation triggers protein degradation by the proteasome. Here we describe an unexplored feature of the Ub conjugation system that entails differential activation of an E2-conjugating enzyme by its cognate E3 Ub ligases. In vitro and in vivo analyses of activity-reducing mutants of the yeast Ub-conjugating (Ubc) enzyme, Ubc7, demonstrated selective activation by one of its two cognate E3 ligases, Hrd1, but not by the other, Doa10. Supported by structural modeling of the RING:Ubc7∼Ub complex, these findings are consistent with a model whereby the E2∼Ub transition state depends on noncovalent interactions between helix α2 of Ubc7 and Ub that are differentially stabilized by the two E3 RING domains. This differential activation represents a previously unidentified mechanism for regulating protein ubiquitylation.
Noncanonical coproporphyrin-dependent bacterial heme biosynthesis pathway that does not use protoporphyrin
Authors: Dailey Harry A. , Gerdes Svetlana , Dailey Tamara A. , Burch Joseph S. , Phillips John D. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
It has been accepted dogma that eukaryotes and heme-synthesizing bacteria use the same metabolic intermediates in their heme synthesis pathways, where protoporphyrin is the final intermediate into which iron is inserted to make protoheme. Herein, we present data demonstrating that Gram-positive bacteria do not use protoporphyrin as an intermediate but, instead, have an altered set of terminal reactions that oxidize coproporphyrinogen to coproporphyrin and insert ferrous iron into coproporphyrin, resulting in the formation of coproheme. A newly characterized enzyme, HemQ, decarboxylates coproheme to generate protoheme. Because some organisms that possess this coproporphyrin-dependent branch are major causes of human disease, HemQ is a novel pharmacological target of significant therapeutic relevance, particularly given high rates of antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens.
Behavioral training reverses global cortical network dysfunction induced by perinatal antidepressant exposure
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Lu Jordan Y.-F. , Darling Ryan D. , Simpson Kimberly L. , Zhu Xiaoqing , Wang Fang , Yu Liping , Sun Xinde , Merzenich Michael M. , Lin Rick C. S. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Cortical circuit miswiring underlying dysfunctional networks and aberrant behavior and distortions in modulatory control nuclei contributing to the regulation of learning, memory, and mood are hallmarks of autism. No available treatment effectively addresses these different dimensions of neurological distortion expressed in this disorder. Here, we show that a simple form of intensive auditory behavioral training in young adult rats resulted in a reversal of autistic-like neurological distortions expressed in the primary auditory cortex arising in an early postnatal epoch and also broadly improved the status of modulatory control processes expressing serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline.
Validating vignette and conjoint survey experiments against real-world behavior
Authors: Hainmueller Jens , Hangartner Dominik , Yamamoto Teppei 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceLittle evidence exists on whether preferences about hypothetical choices measured in a survey experiment are driven by the same structural determinants of the actual choices made in the real world. This study answers this question using a natural experiment as a behavioral benchmark. Comparing the results from conjoint and vignette experiments on which attributes of hypothetical immigrants generate support for naturalization with the outcomes of closely corresponding referendums in Switzerland, we find that the effects estimated from the surveys match the effects of the same attributes in the behavioral benchmark remarkably well. We also find that seemingly subtle differences in survey designs can produce significant differences in performance. Overall, the paired conjoint design performs the best.
Role of the motor system in language knowledge
Authors: Berent Iris , Brem Anna-Katharine , Zhao Xu , Seligson Erica , Pan Hong , Epstein Jane , Stern Emily , Galaburda Albert M. , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceAll spoken languages express words by sound patterns, and certain sound patterns (e.g.,blog) are systematically preferred to others (e.g.,lbog). However, whether those preferences reflect abstract rules or the motor difficulties associated with speech production is unknown. We address this question using transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional MRI. Results show that speech perception automatically engages the articulatory motor system, but linguistic preferences persist even when the motor system is disrupted. These findings suggest that, despite their intimate links, the language and motor systems are distinct. Language is designed to optimize motor action, but its knowledge includes principles that are disembodied and potentially abstract.
Autoinhibition and relief mechanism for Polo-like kinase 4
Authors: Klebba Joseph E. , Buster Daniel W. , McLamarrah Tiffany A. , Rusan Nasser M. , Rogers Gregory C. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are a conserved family of enzymes that function as master regulators for the process of cell division. Among their duties, Plks control the assembly of centrosomes, tiny organelles that facilitate mitotic spindle assembly and maintain the fidelity of chromosome inheritance. Plks are overexpressed in cancer, and therefore it is critical to unravel the normal regulation of these kinases. Here, we studied Plk4 regulation whose activity controls centrosome number. We showed that, as do other Plks, Plk4 autoinhibits its kinase activity. However, Plk4 is unique in its ability to relieve autoinhibition through a third Polo box domain not present in other Plk family members. Moreover, autoinhibition controls Plk4 oligomerization, which ultimately governs its stability and thus centrosome duplication.
Single liposome analysis of peptide translocation by the ABC transporter TAPL
Authors: Zollmann Tina , Moiset Gemma , Tumulka Franz , Tampé Robert , Poolman Bert , Abele Rupert 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The human lysosomal polypeptide transporter TAPL belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Transport studies of ABC exporters are rare, and, most often, function is inferred from ATP hydrolysis rather than translocation measurements. For mechanistic understanding of solute transport, the proteins have to be purified and incorporated into lipid vesicles. Macroscopic measurements with ensembles of molecules are often problematic due to inhomogeneities in reconstitution. Therefore, we developed a method called dual-color fluorescence-burst analysis to analyze peptide transport into single liposomes with, on average, one to three TAPL complexes per vesicle. We show that the turnover number is in a physiologically meaningful range and that TAPL is indeed an active transporter accumulating peptides against a concentration gradient.
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex regulates germinal center formation by repressing Blimp-1 expression
Authors: Choi Jinwook , Jeon Shin , Choi Seungjin , Park Kyungsoo , Seong Rho Hyun 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Germinal center (GC) response is central for generation of memory B cells and plasma cells that produce high-affinity antibodies, which are crucial for protective immunity against various foreign antigens. Even though key genetic factors for the GC formation are known, it is largely unknown how this process is controlled by epigenetic factors. Here we have demonstrated that the activity of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is required for the development of both GC B cells and follicular helper T cells. The SWI/SNF complex modulates Bcl-6–mediated Blimp-1 repression, and thus plays as a key mediator in the GC response. Our results provide fundamental insights into the epigenetic regulation in the GC reaction.
Haploinsufficiency screen highlights two distinct groups of ribosomal protein genes essential for embryonic stem cell fate
Authors: Fortier Simon , MacRae Tara , Bilodeau Mélanie , Sargeant Tobias , Sauvageau Guy 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine because of their capability both to self-renew and to differentiate. Regulation of these processes by molecular players is crucial to maintain stem cells' unique functions. We previously reported the generation of a library of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with engineered chromosomal deletions, in an effort to identify novel genes or elements essential for ESC differentiation. We now reveal that ESCs heterozygous for ribosomal protein (RP)-coding genes show strong defects in embryoid body (EB) differentiation but not in self-renewal. We also identify p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms that mediate the defects in EB formation of RP-deleted clones. Together, our results highlight previously unidentified roles for RP genes in ESC fate regulation.
TCF1 and LEF1 act as T-cell intrinsic HTLV-1 antagonists by targeting Tax
Authors: Ma Guangyong , Yasunaga Jun-ichirou , Akari Hirofumi , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: February 2015

Significance
HTLV-1 is a peripheral T-cell tropic virus and induces proliferation of CD4+ T cells, resulting in T-cell malignancy and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies demonstrated that several restriction factors inhibiting HIV are also inhibitory to HTLV-1. We identified two T-cell–specific proteins, TCF1 and LEF1, as HTLV-1 restriction factors that determine the peripheral T-cell tropism of this virus by targeting Tax. They are highly expressed in immature thymocytes and thereby become a natural intrinsic barrier for HTLV-1 replication in the thymus. However, their expression can be down-regulated by Tax, as well as by activation and differentiation of T cells. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how HTLV-1 induces T-cell malignancies in the periphery but never in the thymus.
Breakdown of coral colonial form under reduced pH conditions is initiated in polyps and mediated through apoptosis
Authors: Kvitt Hagit , Kramarsky-Winter Esti , Maor-Landaw Keren , Zandbank Keren , Kushmaro Ariel , Rosenfeld Hanna , Fine Maoz , Tchernov Dan 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceStony corals have survived through geologic timescale periods of unfavorable calcification conditions, including low-pH regimes, possibly by alternating between a calcifying colonial form and noncalcifying soft body solitary polyps. Although experimentally supported, the mechanisms enabling this biological plasticity are unidentified. We show that incubating two coral species under reduced pH conditions induced tissue-specific apoptosis that leads to loss of coloniality because of the dissociation of polyps (the basic modular units of the colony) from their connective tissue (coenosarc). Apoptosis was initiated in the polyps and subsided once the dissociation between polyps and coenosarc terminated. When conditions returned to normal, these solitary polyps initiated calcification and regenerated coenosarcs. These results indicate that regulation of coloniality is under the control of the polyp.
A CaMKII/PDE4D negative feedback regulates cAMP signaling
Authors: Mika Delphine , Richter Wito , Conti Marco 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing such disease states as heart failure is essential to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. We have discovered a regulatory loop that coordinates the function of proteins and secondary messengers involved in cardiac contractility and the development of heart failure. This regulatory loop may be a novel target for pharmacologic intervention to restore cardiac homeostasis.
CryoEM and mutagenesis reveal that the smallest capsid protein cements and stabilizes Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid
Authors: Dai Xinghong , Gong Danyang , Xiao Yuchen , Wu Ting-Ting , Sun Ren , Zhou Z. Hong 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and EBV are cancer-causing human herpesviruses. Their smallest capsid proteins (SCPs) were shown to be required for capsid assembly and are potential drug targets for curbing viral infections, but how they work is unclear. By cryoEM and genetic engineering, we determine the structures of KSHV capsids bearing full-length or truncated SCPs and localize regions of SCP that are important for capsid assembly. We show that a long kinked helix of SCP cross-links neighboring subunits of the major capsid protein of hexons to stabilize the capsid. Our results explain how SCP, acting like a cementing protein found in bacterial viruses, facilitates tumor herpesvirus capsid assembly and viral maturation.
Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root
Authors: Derelle Romain , Torruella Guifré , Klimeš Vladimír , Brinkmann Henner , Kim Eunsoo , Vlček Čestmír , Lang B. Franz , Eliáš Marek 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The root of eukaryote phylogeny formally represents the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), but its position has remained controversial. Using new genome sequences, we revised and expanded two datasets of eukaryotic proteins of bacterial origin, which previously yielded conflicting views on the eukaryotic root. Analyses using state-of-the-art phylogenomic methodology revealed that both expanded datasets now support the same root position. Our results justify a new nomenclature for the two main eukaryotic groups and provide a robust phylogenetic framework to investigate the early evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
An intermolecular electrostatic interaction controls the prepore-to-pore transition in a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin
Authors: Wade Kristin R. , Hotze Eileen M. , Kuiper Michael J. , Morton Craig J. , Parker Michael W. , Tweten Rodney K. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Bacterial pathogens produce pore-forming toxins that damage eukaryotic membranes, whereas the pore-forming immune defense proteins produced by vertebrates can damage bacterial membranes. Despite the opposite functions of these proteins in pathogenesis or protection, many use a common pore-forming mechanism whereby membrane-bound monomers oligomerize into a circular structure, termed the prepore, which then assembles a β-barrel structure that punches a hole in the membrane. Here we show that once the prepore is assembled, an intermolecular electrostatic interaction is established that drives the formation of the pore. This mechanism is likely to be used by toxins and other pore-forming proteins that span the biological domains of life.
Age-related immune clearance of hepatitis B virus infection requires the establishment of gut microbiota
Authors: Chou Han-Hsuan , Chien Wei-Hung , Wu Li-Ling , Cheng Chi-Hung , Chung Chen-Han , Horng Jau-Haw , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Tseng Hong-Tai , Wu Dafei , Lu Xuemei , Wang Hurng-Yi , Chen Pei-Jer , Chen Ding-Shinn 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Ninety-five percent of adult-acquired infections lead to spontaneous clearance, whereas >90% of exposed neonates and ∼30% of children aged 1–5 y fail to resolve hepatitis B virus (HBV) and develop chronic infection. A strong, diverse, adaptive immune response is considered essential for HBV clearance, but the mechanisms to generate a favorable response remain elusive. Here, we show that, while 12-wk-old C3H/HeN mice cleared HBV within 6 wk postinjection (wpi), their 6-wk-old counterparts remained HBV-positive at 26 wpi. Sterilization of gut microbiota from 6 to 12 wk of age using antibiotics prevented mice from rapidly clearing HBV. This model is valuable to the study of liver tolerance and enables the investigation of the mechanisms involved in effective control of HBV.