bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation of Lithium‐Rich, Cobalt‐Poor Layered‐Oxide Cathode Material with High Capacity
Authors: Buchholz Daniel , Li Jie , Passerini Stefano , Aquilanti Giuliana , Wang Diandian , Giorgetti Marco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe present an ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy investigation into lithiation–delithiation of the lithium‐rich, but cobalt‐poor cathode material Li[Li0.2Ni0.16Mn0.56Co0.08]O2. The main focus of this work is to address the role of manganese and oxygen in the electrochemical redox process and, especially, to identify the phenomena occurring during the initial activation, that is, during the first delithiation–lithiation cycle. Although manganese is not taking part in the initial electrochemical oxidation process, the results indicate that complete Ni2+/Ni4+ and partial Co3+/Co4+ redox processes occur. The electrochemical performance of the material, considering the full and partial redox inactivity of Mn and Co, reveals the participation of oxygen in the overall electrochemical redox process. Finally, it is found, surprisingly, that a partial reduction of Co and Ni takes place at the end of the initial activation.
Di‐ and Trinuclear Gold Complexes of Diphenylphosphinoethyl‐Functionalised Imidazolium Salts and their N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Bestgen Sebastian , Gamer Michael T. , Lebedkin Sergei , Kappes Manfred M. , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDiphenylphosphinoethyl‐functionalised imidazolium salts and their silver–carbene complexes were used to synthesise a series of di‐ and trinuclear gold complexes through ligand exchange and transmetallation, respectively. Besides a few positively charged macrocyclic compounds with different anions (both with and without activation of the carbene function), we were able to obtain neutral polynuclear complexes by varying the gold precursor. The synthesised gold complexes show a variety of photophysical properties, including bright white photoluminescence at ambient temperature.
Incorporation of Microreactor Measurements into a Pilot‐Scale Phthalic Anhydride Reactor
Authors: Fischer Nico , Hubach Patrick , Woll Christian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA major obstacle in the development of industrial catalysts is the scalability of both catalyst performance and synthesis. While utilizing pilot‐scale test reactors allows for a direct transfer from the development stage to the application, it comes at the cost of flexibility. The amount of catalyst required in a pilot‐scale test reactor often surpasses the yields of novel synthesis procedures, requiring extensive scale‐up efforts. Here, pilot‐scale reactors are combined with small lab‐scale reactors, using the example of oxidation of o‐xylene to phthalic anhydride.
Chemie erneuerbarer kohlenstoffbasierter Rohstoffe zur Produktion von Chemikalien und Kraftstoffen
Authors: Vogel G. Herbert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNachhaltigkeit ist ein Begriff, der eine inflationäre Entwicklung genommen hat. Hier wird die Frage erörtert, wie in der Zukunft die Versorgung mit kohlenstoffbasierten Rohstoffen gesichert werden kann, ohne die Natur zusätzlich zu belasten. Es wird gezeigt, dass ein nachhaltiger Brückenbau sinnvollerweise auf den beiden Pfeilern Sonnenenergie und CO2 beruhen sollte. Die natürliche Fotosynthese liefert Biomasse, aus der höherwertige Chemikalien hergestellt werden können, während die künstliche Fotosynthese Kohlenwasserstoffe und/oder Oxigenate zur Herstellung von Kraftstoffe und Grundchemikalien liefert.
Heavy Metal Partitioning in Sediments from Rivers Flowing Through Coal Fields in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Moyo Stanley , McCrindle Rob , Mokgalaka Ntebogeng , Myburgh Jan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe association of elements Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, and V with various geochemical phases in the sediments from the Olifants, Klein Olifants, Wilge rivers and a tributary of the Olifants River was studied using a four‐step sequential extraction scheme. By employing enrichment factors, these elements were found to be contaminating the sediments. Sequential extraction enabled partitioning of the metals into exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual fractions. Most of the elements were found to exist in the residual fraction, characterized by stable compounds. Application of risk assessment code to the exchangeable fraction revealed that most of the elements posed a medium risk to aquatic life, with the exception of Co, Pb, and Mn, which were classified into the high‐risk category. Non‐residual/more bioavailable fractions were examined using statistics. Correlation analysis was employed to understand the interaction between the more bioavailable fractions of metals with the reducible phase consisting of oxides of Fe and Mn. These oxides contribute to the adsorption of trace metals onto sediments. Co, V, Pb, Cr, and Cd in the reducible fraction were found to be associated with Fe‐oxides, while V, Cr, and Ti were associated with Mn‐oxides, as indicated by significantly high correlation coefficients. Through cluster and factor analysis three anthropogenic activities associated with mining and use of coal and iron and steel manufacturing were found to be contributing metals to the sediments.
Iminosugar‐Based Galactoside Mimics as Inhibitors of Galactocerebrosidase: SAR Studies and Comparison with Other Lysosomal Galactosidases
Authors: Biela‐Banaś Anna , Oulaïdi Farah , Front Sophie , Gallienne Estelle , Ikeda‐Obatake Kyoko , Asano Naoki , Wenger David A. , Martin Olivier R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeveral families of iminosugar‐based galactoside mimics were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as galactocerebrosidase (GALC) inhibitors. They were also tested as inhibitors of lysosomal β‐ and α‐galactosidases in order to find new potent and selective pharmacological chaperones for treatment of the lysosomal storage disorder, Krabbe disease. Whereas 1‐C‐alkyl imino‐L‐arabinitols are totally inactive toward the three enzymes, 1‐C‐alkyl imino‐D‐galactitols were found to be active only toward α‐galactosidase A. Finally, 1‐N‐iminosugars provided the best results, as 4‐epi‐isofagomine was found to be a good inhibitor of both lysosomal β‐galactosidase and GALC. Further elaboration of this structure is required to achieve selectivity between these two galactosidases.
Germline PTEN, SDHB‐D, and KLLN alterations in endometrial cancer patients with Cowden and Cowden‐like syndromes: An international, multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Mahdi Haider , Mester Jessica L. , Nizialek Emily A. , Ngeow Joanne , Michener Chad , Eng Charis 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDEndometrial cancer has been recognized only recently as a major component of Cowden syndrome (CS). Germline alterations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; PTEN_mut+), succinate dehydrogenase B/C/D (SDHB‐D; SDHx_var+), and killin (KLLN_Me+) cause CS and Cowden syndrome–like (CSL) phenotypes. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence and clinicopathologic predictors of germline PTEN_mut+, SDHx_var+, and KLLN_Me+ in CS/CSL patients presenting with endometrial cancer.METHODSPTEN and SDHB‐D mutation and KLLN promoter methylation analyses were performed for 371 prospectively enrolled patients (2005‐2011). PTEN protein was analyzed from patient‐derived lymphoblast lines. The PTEN Cleveland Clinic (CC) score is a weighted, regression‐based risk calculator giving the a priori risk for PTEN_mut+. Demographic and clinicopathologic features were correlated with the specific gene.RESULTSGermline PTEN_mut+, SDHx_var+, and KLLN_Me+ were found in 7%, 9.8%, and 10.5% of informative samples, respectively. Predictors of PTEN_mut+ included an age ≤ 50 years (odds ratio [OR] for an age < 30 years, 6.1 [P = .015]; OR for an age of 30‐50 years, 4.4 [P = .001]), macrocephaly (OR, 14.4; P < .001), a higher CC score (OR for a 1‐U increment, 1.35; P < .001), a PTEN protein level within the lowest quartile (OR, 5.1; P = .039), and coexisting renal cancer (OR, 5.7; P = .002). KLLN_Me+ patients were on average 8 years younger than KLLN_Me– patients (44 vs 52 years, P = .018). Predictors of KLLN_Me+ were a younger age and a higher CC score. On the other hand, no clinical predictors of SDH_var+ were found.CONCLUSIONSClinical predictors of PTEN and KLLN alterations, but not SDHx_var+, were identified. These predictors should alert the treating physician to potential heritable risk and the need for referral to genetic professionals. High‐risk cancer surveillance and prophylactic surgery of the uterus may be considered for KLLN_Me+ patients similarly to PTEN_mut+ patients. Cancer 2015;121:688–696. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A thorough QT/QTc study of the effect of fasiglifam, a GPR40 agonist, on cardiac repolarization in healthy adults
Authors: Lee Ronald D. , Nudurupati Sai , Marcinak John , Viswanathan Prabhakar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, parallel group trial evaluated the potential for multiple‐dose fasiglifam to prolong the QT/QTc interval in healthy adults. A total of 280 men and women aged 18–50 years were randomized to receive 14 days of fasiglifam 50 mg (n = 69), fasiglifam 400 mg (n = 70), or placebo (n = 70), or 13 days of placebo followed by single‐dose moxifloxacin 400 mg (positive control; n = 71). The primary endpoint was the least square mean difference between fasiglifam and placebo in time‐matched change from baseline to last dosing day in QT interval corrected using the Fridericia method (QTcF, calculated as QT/RR0.333). For both fasiglifam doses, differences from placebo in QTcF were between −4.9 and 3.0 milliseconds at all postdose time points; maximum upper bounds of the one‐sided 95% confidence interval for the difference were 5.7 milliseconds for fasiglifam 50 mg and 2.3 milliseconds for fasiglifam 400 mg, meeting predefined criteria for absence of prolongation. Alternate correction methods (Bazett and Individual) showed similar results. Fasiglifam was well tolerated; no subject withdrew due to an adverse event after receiving fasiglifam. In summary, multiple‐dose fasiglifam did not affect cardiac repolarization at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses and was well tolerated in healthy subjects.
Levels of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide are enhanced in people with the uncomplicated metabolic syndrome: a case‐cohort analysis of the population‐based Casale Monferrato study
Authors: Bruno Graziella , Barutta Federica , Landi Andrea , Pinach Silvia , Caropreso Paola , Mengozzi Giulio , Baldassarre Stefano , Fragapani Salvatore , Civera Stefania , Cavallo Perin Paolo , Gruden Gabriella 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundBoth metabolic syndrome (MetS) and N‐amino terminal fragment of the prohormone B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) confer increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We assessed if NT‐proBNP levels were greater in people with uncomplicated MetS, who had neither CVD/chronic kidney disease (CKD) nor diabetes, as compared with subjects who met none of the defining criteria of the MetS.MethodsA case‐cohort study from the non‐diabetic population‐based Casale Monferrato study was performed, after exclusion of all subjects with established CVD, CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2], and CRP values ≥3 mg/L. Cases (n = 161) with MetS were compared with all subjects within the cohort (n = 124) who were completely free of any component of the MetS. Serum NT‐proBNP was centrally measured by immunoenzymatic assay.ResultsNT‐proBNP levels were significantly higher in cases than in control subjects [35.4 (15.5–98.2) vs 24.4 (11.7–49.6) pg/mL, p = 0.014]. In logistic regression analysis, compared with NT‐proBNP values in the lower quartiles (≤49.64 pg/mL), higher values conferred odds ratio 4.17 (1.30–13.44) of having the MetS, independently of age, sex, microalbuminuria, CRP, eGFR, and central obesity. This association was evident even after the exclusion of hypertensive subjects. Further adjustment for log‐HOMA and diastolic blood pressure did not modify the strength of the association, while central obesity was a negative confounder.ConclusionsCompared with people without any component of the MetS, those with uncomplicated MetS, who had neither CVD/CKD nor diabetes, had increased NT‐proBNP values, even if they were normotensive and although absolute values were still in the low range. The insulin resistance state did not mediate this association, while central obesity was a negative confounder. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular patterning sets the stage for macro and micro hepatic architecture
Authors: Cast Ashley E. , Walter Teagan J. , Huppert Stacey S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBackground The liver is a complex organ with a variety of tissue components that require a precise architecture for optimal function of metabolic and detoxification processes. As a result of the delicate orchestration required between the various hepatic tissues, it is not surprising that impairment of hepatic function can be caused by a variety of factors leading to chronic liver disease. Results Despite the growing rate of chronic liver disease, there are currently few effective treatment options besides orthotopic liver transplantation. Better therapeutic options reside in the potential for genetic and cellular therapies that promote progenitor cell activation aiding de novo epithelial and vascular regeneration, cell replacement, or population of bioartificial hepatic devices. In order to explore this area of new therapeutic potential, it is crucial to understand the factors that promote hepatic function through regulating cell identities and tissue architecture. Conclusions In this commentary, we review the signals regulating liver cell fates during development and regeneration and highlight the importance of patterning the hepatic vascular systems to set the groundwork for the macro and micro hepatic architecture of the epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 244:497–506, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk for ventricular fibrillation in peripartum cardiomyopathy with severely reduced left ventricular function—value of the wearable cardioverter/defibrillator
Authors: Duncker David , Haghikia Arash , König Thorben , Hohmann Stephan , Gutleben Klaus‐Jürgen , Westenfeld Ralf , Oswald Hanno , Klein Helmut , Bauersachs Johann , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise , Veltmann Christian 
Published: November 2014

AimsThe true incidence of life‐threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmic events and the risk of sudden cardiac death in the early stage of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are still unknown. We aimed to assess the usefulness of the wearable cardioverter/defibrillator (WCD) to bridge a potential risk for life‐threatening arrhythmic events in patients with early PPCM, severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and symptoms of heart failure.Methods and resultsTwelve consecutively admitted women with PPCM were included in this single‐centre, prospective observational study between September 2012 and September 2013. Patients with LVEF ≤35% were considered to use the WCD for 3 months or even 6 months when considered necessary for LVEF recovery. Nine of the 12 women had a severely reduced LVEF (mean 18.3%) at the time of study enrolment; seven women received a WCD, while two patients refused to wear a WCD. During a median WCD follow‐up of 81 days (range 25–345 days), we observed a total of four events of ventricular fibrillation with appropriate and successful WCD shocks in three of the seven women receiving a WCD. No syncope or sudden arrhythmic deaths occurred in women not using the WCD during a median follow‐up of 12 months (range 5–15 months). All women showed impressive improvement of LVEF during follow‐up.ConclusionPPCM patients with severely reduced LVEF have an elevated risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias early after diagnosis. Therefore, use of the WCD should be considered in all women with early‐stage PPCM and severely reduced LVEF during the first 6 months after initiation of heart failure therapy.
Evaluation of the Formate Dehydrogenase Activity of Three‐Legged Pianostool Complexes in Dilute Aqueous Solution
Authors: Keller Sascha G. , Ringenberg Mark R. , Häussinger Daniel , Ward Thomas R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFormic acid is an attractive means to reversibly store dihydrogen. In this context, d6 pianostool complexes rank among the most‐effective formate dehydrogenase catalysts. With biologically generated formic acid in mind, we evaluated the performances of iridium‐based pianostool complexes bearing a cooperative ligand, which are known to catalyze formate decomposition. Interestingly, the phenylpyrazole‐derived catalyst [Cp*Ir(phenpz)(OH2)]+ (7, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, phenpz = 1‐phenylpyrazole) compares favourably with the very best systems [Cp*Ir(phenpzCO2H)H2O]+ [8, phenpzCO2H = 4‐(pyrazol‐1‐yl)benzoic acid] and [Cp*Ir(imim)H2O]2+ [11, imim = 2,2′‐bis(4,5‐dimethylimidazole)]. These catalysts display remarkable air tolerance, recyclability and activity under dilute aqueous conditions.
An integrated analytical approach for the compositional evaluation of different stages of fully ripened Jatropha curcas seed oil
Authors: Porwal Jyoti , Behra Babita , Ponnekanti Nagendramma , Bangwal Dinesh , Kaul Savita 
Published: November 2014

The present study aims to determine the compositional changes including physicochemical characterization of Jatropha seed oil at three different stages of ripening (green: JO‐I; yellow: JO‐II; and brown: JO‐III). The moisture and oil content of Jatropha seeds was 60.83–10.12% and 34–32 (wt%) for JO‐I to JO‐III stages, respectively. The moisture content and acid value (mg KOH/g) of the oil was 8.88–4.05% and 0.62–2.86. Fatty acid composition (wt%) of the oil (JO‐I‐III stage) showed that palmitic (C16:0) acid decreases from 16.98 to 14.40 while as stearic (C18:0) acid increases from 7.19 to 7.57. The content of the monounsaturated acid (wt%) oleic (9‐cis C18:1) acid was 53.13, 41.96, and 60.93, while a diunsaturated acid, linoleic (9‐cis 12‐cis C18:2) acid, was 12.39, 32.52, and 14.93 in the JO‐I to JO‐III stages respectively, which was also confirmed by 1H NMR. The percentage of diunsaturated (9‐cis 12‐cis C18:2) acid follows a reverse trend to the monounsaturated (9‐cis C18:1) acid. The stage JO‐II (yellow) seems to be a turning point in the seed development. The studies also revealed the presence of sterol glucosides in early stage (JO‐I) of seed development; which declined at later stages. The results showed that variation in fatty acid composition together with the physicochemical properties can be helpful in understanding the biosynthesis of seed development.Study describes the compositional changes including physicochemical characterization of Jatropha seed oil at three different stages of ripening (green: JO‐I; yellow: JO‐II; and brown: JO‐III) using integrated analytical techniques (i.e. 1H, 13C NMR, GC).
Practical Access to Aromatic Thiocyanates by CuCN‐Mediated Direct Aerobic Oxidative Cyanation of Thiophenols and Diaryl Disulfides
Authors: Castanheiro Thomas , Gulea Mihaela , Donnard Morgan , Suffert Jean 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe practical and mild aerobic oxidative CuCN‐mediated cyanation of thiophenols and diaryl disulfides was investigated. The reaction was performed in air at room temperature and reached aromatic thiocyanates in moderate to good yields starting from a broad range of diversely functionalized substrates.
Isometric exercises reduce temporal summation of pressure pain in humans
Authors: Vaegter H.B. , Handberg G. , Graven‐Nielsen T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundAerobic and isometric exercises are known to decrease pain sensitivity. The effect of different types of exercise on central mechanisms such as temporal summation of pain (TSP) is less clear. This study hypothesized that both aerobic and isometric exercises would increase pressure pain tolerance (PTT) and reduce TSP with greater effects after higher‐intensity exercises.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐six healthy subjects (18–65 years; 68 women) participated in two randomized crossover experiments with trials on two different days. PTT and TSP were assessed before and after bicycling and a non‐exercise condition (experiment 1), and after low‐ and high‐intensity bicycling and low‐ and high‐intensity isometric arm and leg exercises with the dominant arm/leg (experiment 2). PTT and TSP were assessed before and after each exercise condition on the non‐dominant arm and leg by computer‐controlled cuff algometry. TSP was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the pain intensity during sequential cuff‐pressure stimulation at the pain tolerance intensity related to that specific time point.ResultsIn experiment 1, bicycling, but not the non‐exercise condition, slightly increased PTT when assessed at the leg (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, isometric arm and leg exercises increased PTT and reduced VAS scores to sequential stimulation at the arm and leg (p < 0.05). No systematic difference was found between low‐ and high‐intensity exercises.ConclusionsDifferent manifestations of hypoalgesia between aerobic and isometric exercises were found. Isometric exercises reduced temporal summation illustrating the potential for exercise as a rehabilitation procedure also targeting the central mechanisms.
Plants as river system engineers: further comments
Authors: Gurnell Angela 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper is a response to commentary on the review by Gurnell (Plants as river system engineers. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 39: 4–25, 2014). It covers three themes. First, it explains how the review focused on physical ecosystem engineering by plants, particularly in the northern humid temperate zone. Second, it explains how the review was structured to address that theme and why annual species were not highlighted. Within the humid temperate zone, mature plants of annual species are not present during the seasons of the year when fluvial processes are most active: they survive as seeds or young seedlings, and so their ability to act as river ecosystem engineers is limited. Third, some comments are made regarding the annual species, Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), including the traits that enable it to be successful in riparian environments, its competitive ability, its potential role in influencing fluvial sediment dynamics, and the need for controlled experiments to characterize and quantify the latter over one or more complete years. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No observable effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide on two top predators of temporal water bodies
Authors: Ujszegi János , Gál Zoltán , Mikó Zsanett , Hettyey Attila 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

It has been implied that the application of pesticides is involved in the world-wide decline of biodiversity, but little is known about the influence of these chemicals on key predators of temporary wetlands. The direct impacts were examined of a frequently applied glyphosate-based herbicide on larval Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764; Odonata, Insecta) and adult male Lissotriton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758; Caudata, Amphibia), 2 top predators of Central European ephemeral ponds. The effects of herbicide exposure were measured on survival, behavior, body mass change, and predatory activity in an outdoor mesocosm experiment lasting for 17 d. No significant effects of exposure were observed in either predator species. The results suggest that the herbicide has no immediate effect on the predators studied at environmentally relevant concentrations and that these predators can also fulfill their top-down regulatory role in contaminated ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–7. © 2014 SETAC