bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnonationalism and attitudes towards gay and lesbian rights in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hayes Bernadette C. , Nagle John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDisputes over gay and lesbian rights occupy a central place on both national and international agendas in recent years. This is also the case in societies emerging from chronic ethnonational conflict where debates over gay and lesbian rights vs. ethnic‐based rights predominate. While much scholarly work focuses on the influence of socio‐demographic factors in determining attitudes toward gay and lesbian rights in postconflict societies, to date, the role of political influences, such as ethnonationalism, is noticeably under‐researched. It is with this omission in mind that this paper focuses on the influence of ethnonationalism, or congruency in religious, national and communal identity, on attitudes towards gay and lesbian rights issues. Using nationally representative data from Northern Ireland, the results suggest that while ethnonationalism is a key predictor of attitudes among Protestants, it is socio‐demographic factors, such as gender, age and educational attainment, that are the primary determinants of Catholic views.
Altered brain responses in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome during cued and uncued pain expectation
Authors: Hong J.‐Y. , Naliboff B. , Labus J. S. , Gupta A. , Kilpatrick L. A. , Ashe‐McNalley C. , Stains J. , Heendeniya N. , Smith S. R. , Tillisch K. , Mayer E. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundA majority of the subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show increased behavioral and brain responses to expected and delivered aversive visceral stimuli during controlled rectal balloon distension, and during palpation of the sigmoid colon. We aimed to determine if altered brain responses to cued and uncued pain expectation are also seen in the context of a noxious somatic pain stimulus applied to the same dermatome as the sigmoid colon.MethodsA task‐dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to investigate the brain activity of 37 healthy controls (18 females) and 37 IBS subjects (21 females) during: (i) a cued expectation of an electric shock to the abdomen vs a cued safe condition; and (ii) an uncued cross‐hair condition in which the threat is primarily based on context vs a cued safe condition.Key ResultsRegions within the salience, attention, default mode, and emotional arousal networks were more activated by the cued abdominal threat condition and the uncued condition than in the cued safe condition. During the uncued condition contrasted to the cued safe condition, IBS subjects (compared to healthy control subjects) showed greater brain activations in the affective (amygdala, anterior insula) and attentional (middle frontal gyrus) regions, and in the thalamus and precuneus. These disease‐related differences were primarily seen in female subjects.Conclusions & InferencesThe observed greater engagement of cognitive and emotional brain networks in IBS subjects during contextual threat may reflect the propensity of IBS subjects to overestimate the likelihood and severity of future abdominal pain.
Landscape genetics, adaptive diversity and population structure in Phaseolus vulgaris
Authors: Rodriguez Monica , Rau Domenico , Bitocchi Elena , Bellucci Elisa , Biagetti Eleonora , Carboni Andrea , Gepts Paul , Nanni Laura , Papa Roberto , Attene Giovanna 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Here we studied the organization of genetic variation of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in its centres of domestication.

We used 131 single nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate 417 wild common bean accessions and a representative sample of 160 domesticated genotypes, including Mesoamerican and Andean genotypes, for a total of 577 accessions.

By analysing the genetic spatial patterns of the wild common bean, we documented the existence of several genetic groups and the occurrence of variable degrees of diversity in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Moreover, using a landscape genetics approach, we demonstrated that both demographic processes and selection for adaptation were responsible for the observed genetic structure.

We showed that the study of correlations between markers and ecological variables at a continental scale can help in identifying local adaptation genes. We also located putative areas of common bean domestication in Mesoamerica, in the Oaxaca Valley, and the Andes, in southern Bolivia‐northern Argentina. These observations are of paramount importance for the conservation and exploitation of the genetic diversity preserved within this species and other plant genetic resources.
Preface Writers are Consistent
Authors: Clarke Roger 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe preface paradox does not show that it can be rational to have inconsistent beliefs, because preface writers do not have inconsistent beliefs. I argue, first, that a fully satisfactory solution to the preface paradox would have it that the preface writer's beliefs are consistent. The case here is on basic intuitive grounds, not the consequence of a theory of rationality or of belief. Second, I point out that there is an independently motivated theory of belief – sensitivism – which allows such a solution. I sketch a sensitivist account of the preface writer's (consistent) doxastic state.
Prenatal Triptan Exposure and Internalising and Externalising Behaviour Problems in 3‐Year‐Old Children: Results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Wood Mollie E. , Lapane Kate , Frazier Jean A. , Ystrom Eivind , Mick Eric O. , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTriptans are commonly prescribed for migraine, a pain condition that is highly prevalent in women of childbearing age. No prior studies have investigated associations between exposure to triptans during fetal life and risk of externalising and internalising behaviours in children.MethodsThis study was set in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study, a prospective birth cohort. A total of 41 173 live, singleton births without major malformations present at 36‐month post‐partum follow‐up were included in this study; 396 used a triptan during pregnancy, 798 used a triptan prior to pregnancy only, 3291 reported migraine without triptan use, and 36 688 reported no history of migraine or triptan use. Marginal structural models were used to analyse the association between timing of triptan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcome.ResultsChildren exposed to triptans during pregnancy had a 1.39‐fold increased risk of externalising behaviours compared with those whose mothers used triptans prior to pregnancy only (95% CI 0.97, 1.97), a 1.36‐fold increased risk compared with the unmedicated migraine group (95% CI 1.02, 1.81), and a 1.41‐fold increased risk compared with the population comparison group (95% CI 1.08, 1.85). The greatest risk was associated with first trimester exposure (RR 1.77, 95% CI 0.98, 3.14). Risk differences were small, ranging from 3–6%.ConclusionsThis study found an increased risk of clinically relevant externalising behaviours in children with prenatal exposure to triptans, and this risk was highest for first trimester exposure. Absolute risks were small, and the results may be due to confounding by underlying migraine severity.
Gender differences in scalp hair growth rates are maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls
Authors: Van Neste D. J. J. , Rushton D. H. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundHair loss is related to follicular density, programmed regrowth and hair productivity.ObjectiveThe dissatisfaction with hair growth in patients experiencing hair loss might be due to slower linear hair growth rate (LHGR).MethodsLHGR and hair diameter was evaluated in Caucasian controls and patients with patterned hair loss employing the validated non‐invasive, contrast‐enhanced‐phototrichogram with exogen collection.ResultsWe evaluated 59,765 anagen hairs (controls 24,609, patients 35,156) and found thinner hairs grew slower than thicker hairs. LHGR in normal women was generally higher than in normal men. LHGR correlates with hair diameter (P < 0.006) and global thinning is associated with slower growth rates. Compared with hair of equal thickness in controls, subjects affected with patterned hair loss showed reduced hair growth rates, an observation found in both male and female patients. Males with pattern hair loss showed further reduction in growth rates as clinical severity worsened. However, sample size limitations prevented statistical evaluation of LHGR in severely affected females.LimitationsCaucasian ethnicity.ConclusionIn pattern hair loss, LHGR significantly contributes to the apparent decrease in hair volume in affected areas. In early onset, LHRG might have a prognostic value in females but not in males.
A Dynamic Analysis of Exchange Rate Exposure: The impact of China's Renminbi
Authors: Chen Pei‐Fen , Lee Chien‐Chiang , Lee Chi‐Chuan , Huang Jing‐Xuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of unexpected exchange rate movements of Chinese renminbi (CNY/USD) on stock returns of Standard & Poor's 500 corporations. To gain better insight into the long‐standing exposure puzzle concerning the divergence between theoretical and empirical investigation and the critical issue regarding the determinants of exposure, the time variation and asymmetry property associated with foreign exchange exposure are further taking into account. We also broaden the scope of analysis to investigate unexpected risk exposure at 10 economic sectors in compliance with Global Industry Classification Standard. Unlike those from the static analysis or dynamic ones with the ordinary least squares model, the empirical findings provide additional concrete evidence that unexpected exchange rate exposure varies substantially across time and market circumstances when using the quantile regression with a rolling method. Furthermore, our dynamic analysis not only supports the existence of industrial effects across different economic sectors, but also provides strong evidence that financial factors, such as size, debt ratio and book to market ratio, have a significant impact on exposure.
ABO‐immune complex formation and impact on platelet function, red cell structural integrity and haemostasis: an in vitro model of ABO non‐identical transfusion
Authors: Zaffuto B. J. , Conley G. W. , Connolly G. C. , Henrichs K. F. , Francis C. W. , Heal J. M. , Blumberg N. , Refaai M. A. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundTransfusion of ABO non‐identical platelets has been associated with fatal haemolytic reactions, increased red cell transfusion needs and other adverse effects, but the practice of ABO matching in platelet transfusion is controversial. Immune complexes can be formed from the anti‐A and/or anti‐B antibodies and ABO soluble antigen(s) present in donor and recipient plasma after ABO non‐identical transfusions. We hypothesized that these immune complexes affect recipient red cell structural integrity, platelet function and haemostasis.Study Design and MethodsHaemolysis, platelet function and haemostatic function were assessed before and after incubation of recipient red cells, platelets and whole blood with normal saline controls, ABO‐identical plasma controls or in vitro‐generated ABO‐immune complexes.ResultsABO‐immune complexes caused significantly increased haemolysis (P < 0·001), inhibition of platelet function (P = 0·001) and disruption of clot formation kinetics (P < 0·005) in both group A and O recipient samples.ConclusionsSubstantial changes in platelet function, red cell integrity and haemostasis occur after in vitro exposure to immune complexes. These in vitro findings may explain, in part, previously observed associations of ABO non‐identical platelet transfusions with adverse effects including increased red cell transfusion needs, organ failure and mortality.
Genetic variations of CD36 and low platelet CD36 expression – a risk factor for lipemic plasma donation in Taiwanese apheresis donors
Authors: Lo S.‐C. , Lin K.‐H. , Hsieh H.‐H. , Lin D.‐T. , Hu C.‐Y. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundNew CD36 mutations are constantly being identified, although no study has specifically targeted a Taiwanese population. CD36 deficiency can result in dyslipid state and slow clearance of chylomicron. This could be linked to more frequent lipemic donations.Study Design and MethodsWe used flow cytometric methods to study the CD36 deficiency in 640 regular volunteer platelet apheresis donors from Taipei blood centre. The coding exons of CD36 gene were sequenced in CD36‐deficient individuals, and the allele frequencies of CD36 variants were determined in the larger population by mutation‐specific PCR and oligonucleotide hybridization. Visual inspection of lipemic plasma was routinely performed on samples taken before commencement of apheresis. Individuals found to have lipemic plasma are deferred until next donation. We investigated the link between positive lipemic deferral record and low platelet CD36 expression status.ResultsWe found four donors (0·6%) with type I CD36 deficiency (both platelets and monocytes CD36null) and six (1·0%) with type II CD36 deficiency (PLT: CD36null, monocyte: CD36low). Six CD36 genetic variants were identified, two of them were novel, all but one are found exclusively in CD36null and CD36low expressors. Subjects with CD36 genetic variants also displayed deficient or reduced CD36 on monocytes. Donors with null or low PLT CD36 expression were more likely to have a lipemic deferral record than control subjects with normal PLT CD36 expression (X2 = 27·36, odds ratio = 2·6, 95% conference interval: 1·8–3·8, P < 0·0001).ConclusionThrough this study, we established a donor registry to supply CD36‐negative platelets for patients in need.
Two compact incremental prime sieves
Authors: Sorenson Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2015

A prime sieve is an algorithm that finds the primes up to a bound $n$. We say that a prime sieve is incremental, if it can quickly determine if $n+1$ is prime after having found all primes up to $n$. We say a sieve is compact if it uses roughly $\sqrt{n}$ space or less. In this paper, we present two new results.–We describe the rolling sieve, a practical, incremental prime sieve that takes $O(n\log \log n)$ time and $O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$ bits of space.–We also show how to modify the sieve of Atkin and Bernstein from 2004 to obtain a sieve that is simultaneously sublinear, compact, and incremental.The second result solves an open problem given by Paul Pritchard in 1994.
The Influence of Risk Perceptions and Efficacy Beliefs on Leisure-Time Physical Activity During Pregnancy
Authors: Connolly Christopher P. , Pivarnik James M. , Mudd Lanay M. , Feltz Deborah L. , Schlaff Rebecca A. , Lewis Mark G. , Silver Robert M. , Lapinski Maria K. 
Published: November 2015

Background:Pregnancy risk perceptions and physical activity efficacy beliefs may facilitate or impede pregnancy leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). We examined the separate and joint influence of these variables on LTPA behavior among pregnant women.Methods:Pregnant women (n = 302) completed a survey containing questions on LTPA efficacy beliefs and behavior, as well as pregnancy risk perceptions with respect to the health of the unborn baby. As stipulated by the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) Framework, 4 attitudinal groups were created: Responsive (High Risk+High Efficacy), Proactive (Low+High), Avoidant (High+Low), and Indifferent (Low+Low). Moderate LTPA and vigorous LTPA were dichotomized for study analyses.Results:A total of 82 women (27.2%) met the moderate physical activity guideline and 90 women (30.1%) performed any vigorous LTPA. Responsive and proactive pregnant women (those with high efficacy) were most likely to meet the moderate guideline and participate in vigorous LTPA. Hierarchical logistic regression did not reveal an interactive effect of pregnancy risk perceptions and LTPA efficacy beliefs for meeting the moderate guideline (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.66–1.36) or any vigorous LTPA participation (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.86–2.29).Conclusions:LTPA efficacy beliefs appear important in facilitating greater levels of pregnancy LTPA. Significant interactive effects between pregnancy risk perceptions and LTPA efficacy beliefs were not found.
Treatment Outcomes with Fluoroquinolone-Containing Regimens for Isoniazid-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Hyun , Jeong Byeong-Ho , Park Hye Yun , Jeon Kyeongman , Huh Hee Jae , Lee Nam Yong , Koh Won-Jung 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Resistance to isoniazid (INH) is the most common form of drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Although fluoroquinolones (FQs) are recommended to strengthen treatment regimens for INH-resistant pulmonary TB, few studies have evaluated the clinical efficacy of FQ-containing regimens in patients with INH-resistant pulmonary TB. A retrospective cohort study of 140 patients with INH-resistant pulmonary TB was performed between 2005 and 2012. We evaluated whether FQ-containing regimens yielded improved treatment outcomes for patients with INH-resistant pulmonary TB. Overall, favorable outcomes were achieved in 128 (91.4%) patients. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 12 patients (8.6%), including 7 with treatment failure (5.0%) and 5 with relapse after initial treatment completion (3.6%). FQs, such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, were given to 75 (53.6%) patients. Favorable treatment outcomes were more frequent for patients who received FQs (97.3% [73/75 patients]) than for those who did not receive FQs (84.6% [55/65 patients]) (
P
= 0.007). Patients who did not receive FQs were more likely to develop treatment failure (9.2% [6/65 patients] versus 1.3% [1/75 patients]) (
P
= 0.049) than patients who received FQs. The adjusted proportion of unfavorable outcomes was significantly higher among patients who did not receive FQs (8.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 21.5%) than among those who did receive FQs (1.5%; 95% CI, 0.3 to 7.7%) (
P
= 0.037). These results suggest that the addition of FQs can improve treatment outcomes for patients with INH-resistant pulmonary TB.
Complete Sequences of IncU Plasmids Harboring Quinolone Resistance Genes
qnrS2
and
aac(6
′
)-Ib-cr
in Aeromonas spp. from Ornamental Fish
Authors: Dobiasova Hana , Videnska Petra , Dolejska Monika 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequences of three IncU plasmids from
Aeromonas
spp. isolated from ornamental fish are described. They had a typical IncU backbone for plasmid replication and maintenance functions, but conjugative transfer modules were disrupted. The gene
qnrS2
was inserted into
mpR
as a mobile insertion cassette. Novel Tn
3
family transposons carrying putative toxin-antitoxin and plasmid stability genes were identified. The study demonstrates high plasticity of IncU plasmids from aquatic environments.
Network Meta-analysis and Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole, and Voriconazole in Invasive Fungal Infection Prophylaxis
Authors: Zhao Ying Jiao , Khoo Ai Leng , Tan Gloria , Teng Monica , Tee Caroline , Tan Ban Hock , Ong Benjamin , Lim Boon Peng , Chai Louis Yi Ann 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are associated with high mortality rates and large economic burdens. Triazole prophylaxis is used for at-risk patients with hematological malignancies or stem cell transplants. We evaluated both the efficacy and the cost-effectiveness of triazole prophylaxis. A network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating fluconazole, itraconazole capsule and solution, posaconazole, and voriconazole was conducted. The outcomes of interest included the incidences of IFIs and deaths. This was coupled with a cost-effectiveness analysis from patient perspective over a lifetime horizon. Probabilities of transitions between health states were derived from the NMA. Resource use and costs were obtained from the Singapore health care institution. Data on 5,505 participants in 21 RCTs were included. Other than itraconazole capsule, all triazole antifungals were effective in reducing IFIs. Posaconazole was better than fluconazole (odds ratio [OR], 0.35 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.73]) and itraconazole capsule (OR, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.97]), but not voriconazole (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.43 to 4.01]), in preventing IFIs. Posaconazole significantly reduced all-cause deaths, compared to placebo, fluconazole, and itraconazole solution (OR, 0.49 to 0.54 [95% CI, 0.28 to 0.88]). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for itraconazole solution was lower than that for posaconazole (Singapore dollars [SGD] 12,546 versus SGD 26,817 per IFI avoided and SGD 5,844 versus SGD 12,423 per LY saved) for transplant patients. For leukemia patients, itraconazole solution was the dominant strategy. Voriconazole was dominated by posaconazole. All triazole antifungals except itraconazole capsule were effective in preventing IFIs. Posaconazole was more efficacious in reducing IFIs and all-cause deaths than were fluconazole and itraconazole. Both itraconazole solution and posaconazole were cost-effective in the Singapore health care setting.
Characterization of a
cfr
-Carrying Plasmid from Porcine Escherichia coli That Closely Resembles Plasmid pEA3 from the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Zhang Rongmin , Sun Bin , Wang Yang , Lei Lei , Schwarz Stefan , Wu Congming 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The multiresistance gene
cfr
was found in two porcine
Escherichia coli
isolates, one harboring it on the conjugative 33,885-bp plasmid pFSEC-01, the other harboring it in the chromosomal DNA. Sequence analysis of pFSEC-01 revealed that a 6,769-bp fragment containing the
cfr
gene bracketed by two IS
26
elements was inserted into a plasmid closely related to pEA3 from the plant pathogen
Erwinia amylovora
, suggesting that pFSEC-01 may be transferred between different bacterial genera of both animal and plant origin.
Expression of Plasmodium vivax
crt-o
Is Related to Parasite Stage but Not
Ex Vivo
Chloroquine Susceptibility
Authors: Pava Zuleima , Handayuni Irene , Wirjanata Grennady , To Sheren , Trianty Leily , Noviyanti Rintis , Poespoprodjo Jeanne Rini , Auburn Sarah , Price Ric N. , Marfurt Jutta 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Chloroquine (CQ)-resistant
Plasmodium vivax
is present in most countries where
P. vivax
infection is endemic, but the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Increased expression of
P. vivax
crt-o
(
pvcrt-o
) has been correlated with
in vivo
CQ resistance in an area with low-grade resistance. We assessed
pvcrt-o
expression in isolates from Papua (Indonesia), where
P. vivax
is highly CQ resistant.
Ex vivo
drug susceptibilities to CQ, amodiaquine, piperaquine, mefloquine, and artesunate were determined using a modified schizont maturation assay. Expression levels of
pvcrt-o
were measured using a novel real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method. Large variations in
pvcrt-o
expression were observed across the 51 isolates evaluated, with the fold change in expression level ranging from 0.01 to 59 relative to that seen with the
P. vivax
β-tubulin gene and from 0.01 to 24 relative to that seen with the
P. vivax
aldolase gene. Expression was significantly higher in isolates with the majority of parasites at the ring stage of development (median fold change, 1.7) compared to those at the trophozoite stage (median fold change, 0.5;
P
< 0.001). Twenty-nine isolates fulfilled the criteria for
ex vivo
drug susceptibility testing and showed high variability in CQ responses (median, 107.9 [range, 6.5 to 345.7] nM). After controlling for the parasite stage, we found that
pvcrt-o
expression levels did not correlate with the
ex vivo
response to CQ or with that to any of the other antimalarials tested. Our results highlight the importance of development-stage composition for measuring
pvcrt-o
expression and suggest that
pvcrt-o
transcription is not a primary determinant of
ex vivo
drug susceptibility. A comprehensive transcriptomic approach is warranted for an in-depth investigation of the role of gene expression levels and
P. vivax
drug resistance.