bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of school meals based on the New Nordic Diet on intake of signature foods: a randomised controlled trial. The OPUS School Meal Study
Authors: Andersen Rikke , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Andersen Elisabeth W. , Ege Majken , Christensen Tue , Ygil Karin H. , Thorsen Anne V. , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Astrup Arne , Michaelsen Kim F. , Tetens Inge 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA New Nordic Diet (NND) was developed in the context of the Danish OPUS Study (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet). Health, gastronomic potential, sustainability and Nordic identity were crucial principles of the NND. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of serving NND school meals compared with the usual packed lunches on the dietary intake of NND signature foods. For two 3-month periods, 834 Danish children aged 8–11 years received NND school meals or their usual packed lunches brought from home (control) in random order. The entire diet was recorded over 7 consecutive days using a validated Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children. The NND resulted in higher intakes during the entire week (% increase) of root vegetables (116 (95 % CI 1·93, 2·42)), cabbage (26 (95 % CI 1·08, 1·47)), legumes (22 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·40)), herbs (175 (95 % CI 2·36, 3·20)), fresh berries (48 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·94)), nuts and seeds (18 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·38)), lean fish and fish products (47 (95 % CI 1·31, 1·66)), fat fish and fish products (18 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·37)) and potatoes (129 (95 % CI 2·05, 2·56)). Furthermore, there was a decrease in the number of children with zero intakes when their habitual packed lunches were replaced by NND school meals. In conclusion, this study showed that the children increased their intake of NND signature foods, and, furthermore, there was a decrease in the number of children with zero intakes of NND signature foods when their habitual packed lunches were replaced by school meals following the NND principles.
Tea consumption and mortality of all cancers, CVD and all causes: a meta-analysis of eighteen prospective cohort studies
Authors: Tang Jun , Zheng Ju-Sheng , Fang Ling , Jin Yongxin , Cai Wenwen , Li Duo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between tea consumption and mortality of all cancers, CVD and all causes. To obtain quantitative overall estimates, we conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. A literature search in PubMed and Embase up to April 2015 was conducted for all relevant papers published. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI. In eighteen prospective studies, there were 12 221, 11 306 and 55 528 deaths from all cancers, CVD and all causes, respectively. For all cancer mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 1·06 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·15) and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·97), respectively. For CVD mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0·67 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·96) and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·01), respectively. For all-cause mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0·80 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·93) and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·98), respectively. The dose–response analysis indicated that one cup per d increment of green tea consumption was associated with 5 % lower risk of CVD mortality and with 4 % lower risk of all-cause mortality. Green tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality, whereas black tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with all cancer and all-cause mortality.
A NOTE ON SOME TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SETS WITH FINITE PERIMETER
Authors: DELLADIO SILVANO 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSome well-known results about the 2-density topology on${\mathcal R}$(in particular in the context of the Lusin–Menchoff property) are extended to τbm, i.e. them-density topology on${\mathcal R}$nwithm∈ (n,+∞). Every set of finite perimeter in${\mathcal R}$nis equivalent (in measure) to a set in τbm0, wherem0=n+1+${1\over n-1}$. There exists a set of finite perimeter in${\mathcal R}$nwhich is not equivalent (in measure) to any member in the a.e.-modification of τbm, whateverm∈ [n,+∞).
Vocal fold mobility as the main prognostic factor of treatment outcomes and survival in stage II squamous cell carcinomas of the glottic larynx
Authors: Gorphe P , Blanchard P , Breuskin I , Temam S , Tao Y , Janot F 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to assess the influence of supra- and subglottic extensions and vocal fold mobility on outcome in a large monocentric cohort of 148 patients treated for tumour–node–metastasis stage T2N0 glottic carcinomas.Methods:In all, 107 glottic carcinoma patients had normal vocal fold mobility (T2aN0), and 41 had impaired vocal fold mobility (T2bN0). Treatment decisions were made by a multidisciplinary team.Results:Vocal fold mobility was associated with overall survival, disease-free survival, local control, larynx preservation and laryngectomy-free survival. For patients with T2a lesions, local control, laryngectomy-free survival and disease-free survival improved after surgery but overall survival did not. For patients with T2b lesions, local control, laryngectomy-free survival, disease-free survival and overall survival were all higher after surgery than after radiotherapy.Conclusion:This study highlights for the first time the importance of vocal fold mobility in treatment outcomes and is the first to assess its influence on survival. Updated tumour–node–metastasis classifications should consider the distinction between T2a and T2b lesions.
Homophony and morphology: The acoustics of word-final S in English
Authors: PLAG INGO , HOMANN JULIA , KUNTER GERO 
Published: July 2015

Recent research has shown that homophonous lexemes show systematic phonetic differences (e.g. Gahl 2008, Drager 2011), with important consequences for models of speech production such as Levelt et al. (1999). These findings also pose the question of whether similar differences hold for allegedly homophonous affixes (instead of free lexemes). Earlier experimental research found some evidence that morphemic and non-morphemic sounds may differ acoustically (Walsh & Parker 1983, Losiewicz 1992). This paper investigates this question by analyzing the phonetic realization of non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, and of six different English /s/ and /z/ morphemes (plural, genitive, genitive-plural and 3rd person singular, as well as cliticized forms ofhasandis). The analysis is based on more than 600 tokens extracted from conversational speech (Buckeye Corpus, Pitt et al. 2007). Two important results emerge. First, there are significant differences in acoustic duration between some morphemic /s/’s and /z/’s and non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, respectively. Second, there are significant differences in duration between some of the morphemes. These findings challenge standard assumptions in morphological theory, lexical phonology and models of speech production.
Terahertz radiation from plasma filament generated by two-color laser gas–plasma interaction
Authors: Magesh Kumar K. K. , Kumar M. , Yuan T. , Sheng Z. M. , Chen M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model for terahertz (THz) radiation generation, when an intense short laser pulse (ω1, k1) is mixed with its frequency shifted second harmonic (ω2, k2), where ω2 = 2ω1 + ωT and ωT is in the THz range in the plasma. The lasers exert a ponderomotive force on the electrons and drive density perturbations at (2ω1, 2k1) and (ω2 − ω1, k2 − k1). These density perturbations couple with the oscillatory velocities of the electron due to the lasers and produce a nonlinear current at (ω2 − 2ω1, k2 − 2k1). This current acts as an antenna to produce the THz radiation. The THz power depends upon the square of plasma density and $I_1^2 {I_2}$, where I1 and I2 are the intensities of fundamental and second harmonic laser. The radiation is mainly along the forward direction. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study the near-field radiation properties.
A relativistic PIC model of nonlinear laser absorption in a finite-size plasma with arbitrary mass and density ratios
Authors: Mehdian H. , Kargarian A. , Hasanbeigi A. , Hajisharifi K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied the nonlinear laser absorption in a finite-size plasma, using a fully kinetic relativistic 1½-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code, and shown that the rate in which laser absorption increases depends on the mass ratio (δ = m+/m−) and the equilibrium density ratio (α = n0+/n0− = z−/z+), respectively. This can be attributed to the essential effects of these parameters on the nonlinear phenomena related to the laser absorption such as phase-mixing and laser-scattering process. We have indicated that the reduction of the defined mass and density ratios increases the absorption rate in the finite-size plasma as long as the laser scattering from the plasma is not considerable. Moreover, the study of kinetic phase-space distributions indicates in a specific range of mass and density ratios a large amount of laser energy leads to arise a population of charged particles having directed kinetic energy along the laser direction. These simulation results are expected to be relevant to the experiments on the intense laser–plasma interactions with applications to the particle acceleration and fast ignition concept as well as to the astrophysical environments.
Necrotizing pneumonia due to clonally diverse Staphylococcus aureus strains producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin: the Czech experience
Authors: RÁJOVÁ J. , PANTŮČEK R. , PETRÁŠ P. , VARBANOVOVÁ I. , MAŠLAŇOVÁ I. , BENEŠ J. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYA prospective study (2007–2013) was undertaken to investigate clinical features and prognostic factors of necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in the Czech Republic. Twelve cases of necrotizing pneumonia were detected in 12 patients (median age 25 years) without severe underlying disease. Eight cases occurred in December and January and the accumulation of cases in the winter months preceding the influenza season was statistically significant (P < 0·001). The course of pneumonia was very rapid, leading to early sepsis and/or septic shock in all but one patient. Seven patients died and mortality was fourfold higher in those patients presenting with primary pneumonia than with pneumonia complicating other staphylococcal/pyogenic infection elsewhere in the body. The S. aureus isolates displayed considerable genetic variability and were assigned to five lineages CC8 (n = 3), CC15 (n = 2), CC30 (n = 2), CC80 (n = 1), and CC121 (n = 3) and one was a singleton of ST154 (n = 1), all were reported to be associated with community-acquired infection. Four strains were methicillin resistant. The high case-fatality rate can only be reduced by improving the speed of diagnosis and a rapid test to detect S. aureus in the airways is needed.
‘All these negative thoughts come flooding in’: how young people with depression describe their experience of rumination
Authors: Oliver Jeremy , Smith Patrick , Leigh Eleanor 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRumination, or dwelling repeatedly on negative thoughts about the past, can prolong depression and make it worse. When treating clients with depression, it can be important to consider the behavioural, cognitive and emotional impact of rumination on their life. Previous research has examined adult experience of rumination, but the current study was the first to examine how young people with depression experience rumination. Seven young people with depression were interviewed about the cognitive content of their rumination episodes, the associated feelings, and any behavioural start and stop triggers. Interview transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Participants reported experiencing rumination as a disorientating cognitive battle, in which they felt under attack. The process elicited sadness predominantly, but also anger and anxiety, with mood and rumination often maintaining each other. Interpersonal interaction played a key role in starting and stopping rumination episodes. CBT-based interventions specifically targeting the ruminative process may be important for young people with depression, particularly interventions which consider the impact of family members or other systemic factors on rumination behaviour.
Interactions between muscle stem cells, mesenchymal-derived cells and immune cells in muscle homeostasis, regeneration and disease
Authors: Farup J , Madaro L , Puri P L , Mikkelsen U R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent evidence has revealed the importance of reciprocal functional interactions between different types of mononuclear cells in coordinating the repair of injured muscles. In particular, signals released from the inflammatory infiltrate and from mesenchymal interstitial cells (also known as fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs)) appear to instruct muscle stem cells (satellite cells) to break quiescence, proliferate and differentiate. Interestingly, conditions that compromise the functional integrity of this network can bias muscle repair toward pathological outcomes that are typically observed in chronic muscular disorders, that is, fibrotic and fatty muscle degeneration as well as myofiber atrophy. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of this network in physiological and pathological conditions, and anticipate the potential contribution of its cellular components to relatively unexplored conditions, such as aging and physical exercise.
Conserved nematode signalling molecules elicit plant defenses and pathogen resistance
Authors: Manosalva Patricia , Manohar Murli , von Reuss Stephan H. , Chen Shiyan , Koch Aline , Kaplan Fatma , Choe Andrea , Micikas Robert J. , Wang Xiaohong , Kogel Karl-Heinz , Sternberg Paul W. , Williamson Valerie M. , Schroeder Frank C. , Klessig Daniel F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlant-defense responses are triggered by perception of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), for example, flagellin or peptidoglycan. However, it remained unknown whether plants can detect conserved molecular patterns derived from plant-parasitic animals, including nematodes. Here we show that several genera of plant-parasitic nematodes produce small molecules called ascarosides, an evolutionarily conserved family of nematode pheromones. Picomolar to micromolar concentrations of ascr#18, the major ascaroside in plant-parasitic nematodes, induce hallmark defense responses including the expression of genes associated with MAMP-triggered immunity, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-mediated defense signalling pathways. Ascr#18 perception increases resistance in Arabidopsis, tomato, potato and barley to viral, bacterial, oomycete, fungal and nematode infections. These results indicate that plants recognize ascarosides as a conserved molecular signature of nematodes. Using small-molecule signals such as ascarosides to activate plant immune responses has potential utility to improve economic and environmental sustainability of agriculture.
Superconductivity emerging from a suppressed large magnetoresistant state in tungsten ditelluride
Authors: Kang Defen , Zhou Yazhou , Yi Wei , Yang Chongli , Guo Jing , Shi Youguo , Zhang Shan , Wang Zhe , Zhang Chao , Jiang Sheng , Li Aiguo , Yang Ke , Wu Qi , Zhang Guangming , Sun Liling , Zhao Zhongxian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe recent discovery of large magnetoresistance in tungsten ditelluride provides a unique playground to find new phenomena and significant perspective for potential applications. The large magnetoresistance effect originates from a perfect balance of hole and electron carriers, which is sensitive to external pressure. Here we report the suppression of the large magnetoresistance and emergence of superconductivity in pressurized tungsten ditelluride via high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electrical resistance, magnetoresistance and alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements. Upon increasing pressure, the positive large magnetoresistance effect is gradually suppressed and turned off at a critical pressure of 10.5 GPa, where superconductivity accordingly emerges. No structural phase transition is observed under the pressure investigated. In situ high-pressure Hall coefficient measurements at low temperatures demonstrate that elevating pressure decreases the population of hole carriers but increases that of the electron ones. Significantly, at the critical pressure, a sign change of the Hall coefficient is observed.
Unlocking nature’s treasure-chest: screening for oleaginous algae
Authors: Slocombe Stephen P. , Zhang QianYi , Ross Michael , Anderson Avril , Thomas Naomi J. , Lapresa Ángela , Rad-Menéndez Cecilia , Campbell Christine N. , Black Kenneth D. , Stanley Michele S. , Day John G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMicro-algae synthesize high levels of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins photoautotrophically, thus attracting considerable interest for the biotechnological production of fuels, environmental remediation, functional foods and nutraceuticals. Currently, only a few micro-algae species are grown commercially at large-scale, primarily for “health-foods” and pigments. For a range of potential products (fuel to pharma), high lipid productivity strains are required to mitigate the economic costs of mass culture. Here we present a screen concentrating on marine micro-algal strains, which if suitable for scale-up would minimise competition with agriculture for water. Mass-Spectrophotometric analysis (MS) of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) was subsequently validated by measurement of total fatty acids (TFA) by Gas-Chromatography (GC). This identified a rapid and accurate screening strategy based on elemental analysis. The screen identified Nannochloropsis oceanica CCAP 849/10 and a marine isolate of Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211/21A as the best lipid producers. Analysis of C, N, protein, carbohydrate and Fatty Acid (FA) composition identified a suite of strains for further biotechnological applications e.g. Dunaliella polymorpha CCAP 19/14, significantly the most productive for carbohydrates and Cyclotella cryptica CCAP 1070/2, with utility for EPA production and N-assimilation.
Huygens synchronization of two clocks
Authors: Oliveira Henrique M. , Melo Luís V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe synchronization of two pendulum clocks hanging from a wall was first observed by Huygens during the XVII century. This type of synchronization is observed in other areas and is fundamentally different from the problem of two clocks hanging from a moveable base. We present a model explaining the phase opposition synchronization of two pendulum clocks in those conditions. The predicted behaviour is observed experimentally, validating the model.
Analysing calcium signalling of cells under high shear flows using discontinuous dielectrophoresis
Authors: Soffe Rebecca , Baratchi Sara , Tang Shi-Yang , Nasabi Mahyar , McIntyre Peter , Mitchell Arnan , Khoshmanesh Khashayar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractImmobilisation of cells is an important feature of many cellular assays, as it enables the physical/chemical stimulation of cells; whilst, monitoring cellular processes using microscopic techniques. Current approaches for immobilising cells, however, are hampered by time-consuming processes, the need for specific antibodies or coatings and adverse effects on cell integrity. Here, we present a dielectrophoresis-based approach for the robust immobilisation of cells and analysis of their responses under high shear flows. This approach is quick and label-free and more importantly, minimises the adverse effects of electric field on the cell integrity, by activating the field for a short duration of 120 s, just long enough to immobilise the cells, after which cell culture media (such as HEPES) is flushed through the platform. In optimal conditions, at least 90% of the cells remained stably immobilised, when exposed to a shear stress of 63 dyn/cm2. This approach was used to examine the shear-induced calcium signalling of HEK-293 cells expressing a mechanosensitive ion channel, transient receptor potential vaniloid type 4 (TRPV4), when exposed to the full physiological range of shear stress.
The Brain Functional State of Music Creation: an fMRI Study of Composers
Authors: Lu Jing , Yang Hua , Zhang Xingxing , He Hui , Luo Cheng , Yao Dezhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the functional networks in professional composers during the creation of music. We compared the composing state and resting state imagery of 17 composers and found that the functional connectivity of primary networks in the bilateral occipital lobe and bilateral postcentral cortex decreased during the composing period. However, significantly stronger functional connectivity appeared between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the right angular gyrus and the bilateral superior frontal gyrus during composition. These findings indicate that a specific brain state of musical creation is formed when professional composers are composing, in which the integration of the primary visual and motor areas is not necessary. Instead, the neurons of these areas are recruited to enhance the functional connectivity between the ACC and the default mode network (DMN) to plan the integration of musical notes with emotion.
Myo5b knockout mice as a model of microvillus inclusion disease
Authors: Cartón-García Fernando , Overeem Arend W. , Nieto Rocio , Bazzocco Sarah , Dopeso Higinio , Macaya Irati , Bilic Josipa , Landolfi Stefania , Hernandez-Losa Javier , Schwartz Simo , Ramon y Cajal Santiago , van Ijzendoorn Sven C. D. , Arango Diego 
Published: July 2015

AbstractInherited MYO5B mutations have recently been associated with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by intractable, life-threatening, watery diarrhea appearing shortly after birth. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease and development of novel therapeutic approaches is hampered by the lack of animal models. In this study we describe the phenotype of a novel mouse model with targeted inactivation of Myo5b. Myo5b knockout mice show perinatal mortality, diarrhea and the characteristic mislocalization of apical and basolateral plasma membrane markers in enterocytes. Moreover, in transmission electron preparations, we observed microvillus atrophy and the presence of microvillus inclusion bodies. Importantly, Myo5b knockout embryos at day 20 of gestation already display all these structural defects, indicating that they are tissue autonomous rather than secondary to environmental cues, such as the long-term absence of nutrients in the intestine. Myo5b knockout mice closely resemble the phenotype of MVID patients and constitute a useful model to further investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of this disease and to preclinically assess the efficacy of novel therapeutic approaches.