bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipsilateral Intact Fibula as a Predictor of Tibial Plafond Fracture Pattern and Severity
Authors: Luk Pamela C. , Charlton Timothy P. , Lee Jackson , Thordarson David B. 
Published: May 2013

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in fracture pattern and severity of comminution between tibial plafond fractures with and without associated fibular fractures using computed tomography (CT). We hypothesized that the presence of an intact fibula was predictive of increased tibial plafond fracture severity. Methods: This was a case control, radiographic review performed at a single level I university trauma center. Between November 2007 and July 2011, 104 patients with 107 operatively treated tibial pilon fractures and preoperative CT scans were identified: 70 patients with 71 tibial plafond fractures had associated fibular fractures, and 34 patients with 36 tibial plafond fractures had intact fibulas. Four criteria were compared between the 2 groups: AO/OTA classification of distal tibia fractures, Topliss coronal and sagittal fracture pattern classification, plafond region of greatest comminution, and degree of proximal extension of fracture line. Results: The intact fibula group had greater percentages of AO/OTA classification B2 type (5.5 vs 0, P = .046) and B3 type (52.8 vs 28.2, P = .013). Conversely, the percentage of AO/OTA classification C3 type was greater in the fractured fibula group (53.5 vs 30.6, P = .025). Evaluation using the Topliss sagittal and coronal classifications revealed no difference between the 2 groups ( P = .226). Central and lateral regions of the plafond were the most common areas of comminution in fractured fibula pilons (32% and 31%, respectively). The lateral region of the plafond was the most common area of comminution in intact fibula pilon fractures (42%). There was no statistically significant difference ( P = .71) in degree of proximal extension of fracture line between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Tibial plafond fractures with intact fibulas were more commonly associated with AO/OTA classification B-type patterns, whereas those with fractured fibulas were more commonly associated with C-type patterns. An intact fibula may be predictive of less comminution of the plafond. The lateral and central regions of the plafond were the most common areas of comminution in tibial plafond fractures, regardless of fibular status. Level of Evidence: Level III, case control study.
PedsQLTM 4.0 Generic Core Scales for adolescents in the Yoruba language: Translation and general psychometric properties
Authors: Atilola Olayinka , Stevanović Dejan 
Published: May 2013

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a universally accepted concept for measuring the impact of different aspects of life on general well-being. Adaptation of existing QOL instruments to local cultures has been identified as a better strategy than development of new ones. Aims: To translate and adapt the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL™) to the Yoruba language and culture and to test the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument among adolescents. Methods: Psychometric properties including internal consistency reliability, construct and factorial validity of the Yoruba version of PedsQL™ were evaluated using standard procedures. Results: The self report and proxy scales of the Yoruba PedsQL™ were developed with good cultural relevance and semantic/conceptual equivalence. Results from 527 adolescents revealed a Cronbach’s coefficient which exceeded 0.7 for internal consistency reliability for all scores. The healthy subjects reported higher PedsQL™ scores than those with mental health and physical problems, which confirmed construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit for the Psychosocial Health score, but not for the other measures. Conclusions: The Yoruba PedsQL™ is culturally appropriate and with good internal consistency, reliability and construct validity. More work is needed regarding its factorial validity.
Falls in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Ruiz Marco Andres , Reske Tom , Cefalu Charles , Estrada John 
Published: May 2013

Background: Falls is a common geriatric syndrome that has not been well characterized in HIV-infected populations. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our database and identified patients who fell over the last 12 months. Results: Thirty-two patients were identified (incidence rate of 16 × 1000 patients per year). Twenty-five percent were female and 75% male. Sixty-seven percent were African American with 33% Caucasians. Average age was 48.19, number of years with HIV infection on average was 9.38 years, mean CD4 count 347.2 cell/mm3, mean HIV viral load was 31 379 copies/mL. The average number of medications was 8.7 with a mean of 3.48 comorbidities. The mean vitamin D level was 27.20. Sixty-two percent of patients were compliant with antiretroviral therapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that number of medications (< .005 medications; P < .005), more than 3 comorbidities ( P < .005), and noncompliance ( P < .001) were related to falls in this population. Conclusion: Falls is a common geriatric syndrome. Associated risk factors in our cohort included number of medications, more than 3 comorbidities, and noncompliance. Larger studies are needed to properly characterize this geriatric syndrome in HIV-infected patients. As HIV-infected populations age, a shift into a more comprehensive geriatrics care including fall risk evaluation may be needed.
The Efficacy of a Computerized Assessment of Medication Adherence in Active Substance Users
Authors: Newville Howard , Sorensen James L. 
Published: May 2013

Background: Self-reports of medication adherence are subject to recall errors and social desirability bias. The visual analogue scale (VAS) is a brief measure and minimally burdensome. Its accuracy among substance users needs confirmation. Methods: We administered the VAS on an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) to 102 HIV-positive active substance users. Viral load (VL) was obtained via chart review. Cohen κ assessed the overall agreement between VL suppression and adherence, and a receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the diagnostic performance. Results: The VAS estimates of adherence correlated with VL. Various cutoffs for adherence were associated with VL suppression, demonstrating fair to moderate agreement through κ. Area under the curve (AUC) demonstrated that the ACASI-administered VAS strongly predicted VL suppression (AUC = 0.79). Discussion: The VAS administered by ACASI is viable for measuring highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence among substance users. Its benefits as a screening instrument may make it useful for both clinical and research purposes.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors impair B-cell immune responses in CML through off-target inhibition of kinases important for cell signaling
Authors: de Lavallade Hugues , Khoder Ahmad , Hart Melanie , Sarvaria Anushruti , Sekine Takuya , Alsuliman Abdullah , Mielke Stephan , Bazeos Alexandra , Stringaris Kate , Ali Sara , Milojkovic Dragana , Foroni Letizia , Chaidos Aristeidis , Cooper Nichola , Gabriel Ian , Apperley Jane , Belsey Sarah , Flanagan Robert J. , Goldman John , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Kelleher Peter , Marin David , Rezvani Katayoun 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsTKIs impair B-cell immune responses in CML through off-target inhibition of kinases important for B-cell signaling. Our results call for close monitoring of patients on TKI to assess the long-term impact of impaired B-cell function.
Gene-centric association study of acute chest syndrome and painful crisis in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Galarneau Geneviève , Coady Sean , Garrett Melanie E. , Jeffries Neal , Puggal Mona , Paltoo Dina , Soldano Karen , Guasch Antonio , Ashley-Koch Allison E. , Telen Marilyn J. , Kutlar Abdullah , Lettre Guillaume , Papanicolaou George J. 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsUsing genome-wide association study, we found the first replicated genetic association with acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease patients. The locus identified includes COMMD7, a gene highly expressed in the lung that interacts with NFκB to control inflammatory responses.
Heterogeneity of young and aged murine hematopoietic stem cells revealed by quantitative clonal analysis using cellular barcoding
Authors: Verovskaya Evgenia , Broekhuis Mathilde J. C. , Zwart Erik , Ritsema Martha , van Os Ronald , de Haan Gerald , Bystrykh Leonid V. 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
Quantitative clonal analysis demonstrates directional changes in contributions of stem cells to blood. The pool of aged hematopoietic stem cells is comprised of many, but small clones, while young stem cells are less numerous, but more potent.
Accounting for immunoprecipitation efficiencies in the statistical analysis of ChIP-seq data
Authors: Bao Yanchun , Vinciotti Veronica , Wit Ernst , ’t Hoen Peter AC 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
ImmunoPrecipitation (IP) efficiencies may vary largely between different antibodies and between repeated experiments with the same antibody. These differences have a large impact on the quality of ChIP-seq data: a more efficient experiment will necessarily lead to a higher signal to background ratio, and therefore to an apparent larger number of enriched regions, compared to a less efficient experiment. In this paper, we show how IP efficiencies can be explicitly accounted for in the joint statistical modelling of ChIP-seq data.

Results
We fit a latent mixture model to eight experiments on two proteins, from two laboratories where different antibodies are used for the two proteins. We use the model parameters to estimate the efficiencies of individual experiments, and find that these are clearly different for the different laboratories, and amongst technical replicates from the same lab. When we account for ChIP efficiency, we find more regions bound in the more efficient experiments than in the less efficient ones, at the same false discovery rate. A priori knowledge of the same number of binding sites across experiments can also be included in the model for a more robust detection of differentially bound regions among two different proteins.

Conclusions
We propose a statistical model for the detection of enriched and differentially bound regions from multiple ChIP-seq data sets. The framework that we present accounts explicitly for IP efficiencies in ChIP-seq data, and allows to model jointly, rather than individually, replicates and experiments from different proteins, leading to more robust biological conclusions.
High Resolution Melting analysis as a rapid and efficient method of screening for small mutations in the STK11gene in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Borun Pawel , Bartkowiak Anna , Banasiewicz Tomasz , Nedoszytko Boguslaw , Nowakowska Dorota , Teisseyre Mikolaj , Limon Janusz , Lubinski Jan , Kubaszewski Lukasz , Walkowiak Jaroslaw , Czkwianianc Elzbieta , Siolek Monika , Kedzia Agnieszka , Krokowicz Piotr , Cichy Wojciech , Plawski Andrzej 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary syndrome characterized by the occurrence of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, mucocutaneous pigmentation and increased risk of cancer in multiple internal organs. Depending on the studied population, its incidence has been estimated to range from 1:200 000 even up to 1:50 000 births. Being an autosomal disease, PJS is caused in most cases by mutations in the STK11 gene.

Methods
The majority of causative DNA changes identified in patients with PJS are small mutations and, therefore, developing a method of their detection is a key aspect in the advancement of genetic diagnostics of PJS patients. We designed 13 pairs of primers, which amplify at the same temperature and enable examination of all coding exons of the STK11 gene by the HRM analysis.

Results
In our group of 41 families with PJS small mutations of the STK11 gene were detected in 22 families (54%). In the remaining cases all of the coding exons were sequenced. However, this has not allowed to detect any additional mutations.

Conclusions
The developed methodology is a rapid and cost-effective screening tool for small mutations in PJS patients and makes it possible to detect all the STK11 gene sequence changes occurring in this group.
A novel model of adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy in mice
Authors: Jia Ting , Olauson Hannes , Lindberg Karolina , Amin Risul , Edvardsson Karin , Lindholm Bengt , Andersson Göran , Wernerson Annika , Sabbagh Yves , Schiavi Susan , Larsson Tobias E 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background

In vivo models of uremia are important tools to study numerous aspects of acute and chronic kidney disease. Mouse models are pivotal because most genetically engineered animal models are mice, which allow dissecting the impact of selected target genes in renal failure. Adenine-based protocols to induce renal failure are available in rats, but have not been adapted in mice due to their reluctance to consume adenine. In the current paper we developed a novel method for induction of renal failure through dietary delivery of adenine mixed in a casein-based diet.

Results
After an induction phase, a stable model of renal impairment was obtained (target urea range 80–100 mg/dL), mimicking several aspects of chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder including secondary hyperparathyroidism, bone abnormalities and pathological elevation of FGF23. No deaths occurred and the level of uremia was adaptable through adjustments of the adenine content, providing significant advantages compared to existing models. In an 8-week proof-of-concept study, renal histology showed mainly a tubulointerstitial damage with infiltrating leukocytes, interstitial edema and widening of the Bownman's space. Fibrosis was present in most animals as defined by histology and gene expression changes of fibrosis markers. Parathyroid cell proliferation was markedly increased but without signs of glandular hypertrophy. Skeletal histology showed increased trabecular bone and bone marrow adiposity whereas bone biomarkers (CTX and PINP) suggested higher bone formation, but surprisingly, lower bone resorption and perturbations in mineral metabolism.

Conclusions
We present a novel, non-surgical method for induction of renal failure in mice. This is an important complement to existing uremic models for pathophysiological studies in acute and chronic kidney disease, especially in terms of tubulointerstitial lesions.
Institutional incentives for altruism: gifting blood in China
Authors: Yu Chengpu , Holroyd Eleanor , Cheng Yu , Fai Lau Joseph Tak 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
In mainland China, the motivation behind voluntary blood donation is a relatively new and understudied behavior. In recent times provincial governments in China have implemented various institutional incentive measures. However, little is known regarding the effectiveness of such measures. This qualitative study investigated the nature and outcomes of some identified institutionalized mechanisms, in particular how these were created and distributed in the form of incentives for voluntary blood donation.

Methods
Participatory observations were conducted at two blood donation stations and four blood collecting vehicles in Changsha city, China. In-depth interviews were conducted with 17 staff and 58 blood donors at the aforementioned venues from May to October 2008 in Changsha.

Results
Thematic analysis revealed the operation of four primary type incentives: policy-driven, symbolic, information feedback and role models, which constituted the system of institutional incentives. The current blood reimbursement system was not the primary motivation for blood donation; instead this system was a subtheme of future assurance for emergency blood needs. It was evident that symbolic incentives stressed the meaning and value of blood donation. Furthermore, post-donation information services and the inherent mechanisms of communication, enhanced by some public role models, served to draw the public to donate blood.

Conclusions
At the institutional level, blood donation was not only informed by altruism, but also carried a system of benefit and reward for the donors and their family members. We would recommend that such arrangements, if accommodated effectively into China’s health promotion strategies, would increase the likelihood of blood donation.
What do patients think about HIV mass screening in France? A qualitative study
Authors: Fernandez-Gerlinger Marie Paule , Bernard Erik , Saint-Lary Olivier 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Since 2009, HIV mass screening of the 15–70-year-old general population in low-risk situations has been recommended in France. This, not yet implemented, untargeted screening would be cost-effective with a positive impact on public health. No previous studies had interrogated primary care patients about it. This study aimed at exploring perceptions of patients attending general practitioner’s on HIV mass screening and at identifying barriers to its implementation.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study through semi-structured individual interviews. Participants were recruited according to age, gender and location of their physician’s practice. Data analysis was based on triangulation by two researchers.

Results
Twenty-four interviews were necessary to obtain data saturation. HIV transmission was mostly associated with sexual intercourse; main barriers stemming from the screening were related to sexuality, often seen as questioning spouse’s faithfulness. It could interfere with religiosity, implying an upsetting perception of sexuality among the elderly. Patients’ beliefs and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS, the fear to be screened and difficulties to talk about sexuality were other barriers.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, no studies had previously interrogated primary care patients about barriers to HIV mass screening in France. Although relevance of this untargeted screening is debated in France, our results could be helpful to a better understanding of patients’ attitudes toward this and to an outstanding contribution to reduce the number of new cases of HIV contamination.
Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Parthenium hysterophorus against oxidative damage using in vitro models
Authors: Kumar Shashank , Mishra Amita , Pandey Abhay K 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background

Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is a common weed occurring throughout the globe. In traditional medicine its decoction has been used for treatment of many infectious and degenerative diseases. This work was therefore designed to assess the phytochemical constitution of P. hysterophorus flower and root extracts and to evaluate their reducing power, radical scavenging activity as well as protective efficacy against membrane lipid damage.

Methods
Dried flower and root samples were sequentially extracted with non-polar and polar solvents using Soxhlet apparatus. The phytochemical screening was done using standard chemical methods and thin layer chromatography. Total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically. Reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assays were used to measure antioxidant activity. Protection against membrane damage was evaluated by inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) in rat kidney homogenate.

Results
Flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were present in all the extract. The total phenol contents in flower and root extracts were found to be in the range 86.69-320.17 mg propyl gallate equivalent (PGE)/g and 55.47-253.84 mg PGE/g, respectively. Comparatively better reducing power was observed in hexane fractions of flower (0.405) and root (0.282). Benzene extract of flower and ethyl acetate fraction of root accounted for appreciable hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (75-77%). Maximum protection against membrane lipid peroxidative damage among flower and root extracts was provided by ethanol (55.26%) and ethyl acetate (48.95%) fractions, respectively. Total phenolic content showed positive correlations with reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPOI) % in floral extracts as well as with hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and LPOI % in root extracts.

Conclusion
Study established that phytochemicals present in P. hysterophorus extracts have considerable antioxidant potential as well as lipo-protective activity against membrane damage.
Comparative analysis of the genome sequences and replication profiles of chikungunya virus isolates within the East, Central and South African (ECSA) lineage
Authors: Chen Karen Caiyun , Kam Yiu-Wing , Lin Raymond Pin Tzer , Ng Mary Mah-Lee , Ng Lisa FP , Chu Justin Hann Jang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
A comparative analysis of the genomic and replication profiles of different geographical chikungunya virus (CHIKV) isolates of the East, Central and South African (ECSA) lineage was performed.

Findings
Analysis of the data revealed the different growth kinetics for the different isolates. Deep genome sequencing analysis further revealed specific amino acid mutations in the viral nsP1, nsP3, nsP4, E1 and E2 proteins in the different isolates. Despite the difference in viral genomic profiles, the virus-induced ultrastructural changes within infected cells remained highly conserved among the different chikungunya virus isolates.

Conclusions
These findings provide insights into the genomic and replication profiles of the re-emerging chikungunya virus isolates of the ECSA lineage.
Community resource centres to improve the health of women and children in Mumbai slums: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shah More Neena , Das Sushmita , Bapat Ujwala , Rajguru Mahesh , Alcock Glyn , Joshi Wasundhara , Pantvaidya Shanti , Osrin David 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The trial addresses the general question of whether community resource centers run by a non-government organization improve the health of women and children in slums. The resource centers will be run by the Society for Nutrition, Education and Health Action, and the trial will evaluate their effects on a series of public health indicators. Each resource center will be located in a vulnerable Mumbai slum area and will serve as a base for salaried community workers, supervised by officers and coordinators, to organize the collection and dissemination of health information, provision of services, home visits to identify and counsel families at risk, referral of individuals and families to appropriate services and support for their access, meetings of community members and providers, and events and campaigns on health issues.

Methods/design
A cluster randomized controlled trial in which 20 urban slum areas with resource centers are compared with 20 control areas. Each cluster will contain approximately 600 households and randomized allocation will be in three blocked phases, of 12, 12 and 16 clusters. Any resident of an intervention cluster will be able to participate in the intervention, but the resource centers will target women and children, particularly women of reproductive age and children under 5.
The outcomes will be assessed through a household census after 2 years of resource center operations. The primary outcomes are unmet need for family planning in women aged 15 to 49 years, proportion of children under 5 years of age not fully immunized for their ages, and proportion of children under 5 years of age with weight for height less than 2 standard deviations below the median for age and sex. Secondary outcomes describe adolescent pregnancies, home deliveries, receipt of conditional cash transfers for institutional delivery, other childhood anthropometric indices, use of public sector health and nutrition services, indices of infant and young child feeding, and consultation for violence against women and children.

Trial registration
ISRCTN Register: ISRCTN56183183

Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2012/09/003004