bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools
Authors: Fernández‐Luna Álvaro , Burillo Pablo , Felipe José Luis , del Corral Julio , García‐Unanue Jorge , Gallardo Leonor 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction.
Rate of cyp51A mutation in Aspergillus fumigatus among lung transplant recipients with targeted prophylaxis
Authors: Shalhoub S. , Luong M.-L. , Howard S. J. , Richardson S. , Singer L. G. , Chaparro C. , Keshavjee S. , Akinlolu Y. , Rotstein C. , Mazzulli T. , Husain S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The most common mechanism of azole (itraconazole and voriconazole) resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a mutation at the cyp51A locus. The aim of our study was to determine the rate of cyp51A mutations in lung transplant recipients (LTR) undergoing targeted antifungal prophylaxis with 12 weeks of voriconazole.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study that included 22 LTR with A. fumigatus between October 2008 and November 2011. Of those, 10 LTR were colonized with A. fumigatus and 12 had invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Results
Four patients were found to have A. fumigatus isolates with a cyp51A mutation, two had colonization and two had invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The remaining 18 LTR had WT cyp51A A. fumigatus isolates. All A. fumigatus isolates (except one due to mixed growth) were tested for antifungal susceptibility. A total of nine LTR were exposed to azoles prior to A. fumigatus isolation for a median duration of 249 (IQR 99–524) days. Azole exposure preceded the isolation of two mutant isolates and seven WT isolates. None of the cyp51A mutant isolates conferred phenotypic resistance to azoles.

Conclusions
Targeted antifungal prophylaxis in LTR did not lead to cyp51A resistance mutations in this cohort. Data on larger cohorts who receive universal antifungal prophylaxis are needed.
Identification of protein complexes that bind to histone H3 combinatorial modifications using super-SILAC and weighted correlation network analysis
Authors: Kunowska Natalia , Rotival Maxime , Yu Lu , Choudhary Jyoti , Dillon Niall 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The large number of chemical modifications that are found on the histone proteins of eukaryotic cells form multiple complex combinations, which can act as recognition signals for reader proteins. We have used peptide capture in conjunction with super-SILAC quantification to carry out an unbiased high-throughput analysis of the composition of protein complexes that bind to histone H3K9/S10 and H3K27/S28 methyl-phospho modifications. The accurate quantification allowed us to perform Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to obtain a systems-level view of the histone H3 histone tail interactome. The analysis reveals the underlying modularity of the histone reader network with members of nuclear complexes exhibiting very similar binding signatures, which suggests that many proteins bind to histones as part of pre-organized complexes. Our results identify a novel complex that binds to the double H3K9me3/S10ph modification, which includes Atrx, Daxx and members of the FACT complex. The super-SILAC approach allows comparison of binding to multiple peptides with different combinations of modifications and the resolution of the WGCNA analysis is enhanced by maximizing the number of combinations that are compared. This makes it a useful approach for assessing the effects of changes in histone modification combinations on the composition and function of bound complexes.
Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella Antibodies in the United States Population, 2009–2010
Authors: Lebo Emmaculate J. , Kruszon-Moran Deanna M. , Marin Mona , Bellini William J. , Schmid Scott , Bialek Stephanie R. , Wallace Gregory S. , McLean Huong Q. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background.  In the United States, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella immunity is now primarily achieved through vaccination. Monitoring population immunity is necessary.
Methods.  We evaluated seroprevalence of antibodies to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2009–2010.
Results.  Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella seroprevalence was 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.9%−93.0%), 87.6% (CI, 85.8%−89.2%), 95.3% (CI, 94.3%−96.2%), and 97.8% (CI, 97.1%−98.3%), respectively. United States (US)-born persons had lower mumps seroprevalence and higher varicella seroprevalence than non-US born persons.
Conclusions.  Seroprevalence was high (88%–98%) for all 4 viruses in the US population during 2009−2010.
Solar rotation inferred from radial velocities of the Sun-as-a-star during the 2012 May 21 eclipse
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Ohshima Osamu , Kambe Eiji , Toda Hiroyuki , Koyano Hisashi , Sato Bun'ei , Nakamura Yasuhisa , Narita Norio , Sekii Takashi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
With the aim of examining how much information of solar rotation can be obtained purely spectroscopically by observing the Sun-as-a-star during the 2012 May 21 eclipse at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, we studied the variation of radial velocities (Vr), which were derived by using the iodine-cell technique based on a set of 184 high-dispersion spectra consecutively obtained over a time span of ∼ 4 hr. The resulting Vr(t) was confirmed to show the characteristic variation (Rossiter–McLaughlin effect) caused by time-varying visibility of the solar disk. By comparing the observed Vr(t) curve with the theoretical ones [which were simulated with the latitude (ψ) dependent solar rotation law ωsidereal(ψ) = A + B sin 2ψ (degree d−1)] we found that the relation B ≃ −5.5A + 77 gives the best fit, though separate determinations of A and B were not possible. Since this relationship is consistent with the real values known for the Sun (A ≃ 14.5, B ≃ −2.8), we may state that our analysis yielded satisfactory results. This consequence may provide the prospect of getting useful information on stellar rotation of eclipsing binaries from radial-velocity studies during eclipse, if many spectra of sufficiently high time-resolution are available.
TEM‐producing Capnocytophaga sputigena primary bactaeremia in a breast cancer patient
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qian , Li Hui , Wang Chun‐Xia , Hu Yue , Niu Xiao‐Bin , Pei Dong‐Xu , Li Yong‐Wei 
Published: January 2015

Introduction:
Bacteraemia caused by Capnocytophaga sputigena is rarely reported. Here, we present a case of bacteraemia with C. sputigena in a breast cancer patient.

Case presentation:

C. sputigena was isolated from blood in a breast cancer patient who suffered from oral mucosal barrier breakage for several years. The bacterium was initially identified in the blood culture of the patient by conventional techniques and confirmed by mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Antibiotics susceptible testing revealed the bacterium was resistant to penicillins, first‐, second‐ and third‐generation cephalosporins and monobactam. PCR was used to detect common β‐lactamase genes; the TEM gene was detected and confirmed by sequencing.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacteraemia in a breast cancer patient caused by TEM‐producing C. sputigena.
Leaf Responses to Mild Drought Stress in Natural Variants of Arabidopsis
Authors: Clauw Pieter , Coppens Frederik , De Beuf Kristof , Dhondt Stijn , Van Daele Twiggy , Maleux Katrien , Storme Veronique , Clement Lieven , Gonzalez Nathalie , Inzé Dirk 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlthough the response of plants exposed to severe drought stress has been studied extensively, little is known about how plants adapt their growth under mild drought stress conditions. Here, we analyzed the leaf and rosette growth response of six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions originating from different geographic regions when exposed to mild drought stress. The automated phenotyping platform WIWAM was used to impose stress early during leaf development, when the third leaf emerges from the shoot apical meristem. Analysis of growth-related phenotypes showed differences in leaf development between the accessions. In all six accessions, mild drought stress reduced both leaf pavement cell area and number without affecting the stomatal index. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis (using RNA sequencing) of early developing leaf tissue identified 354 genes differentially expressed under mild drought stress in the six accessions. Our results indicate the existence of a robust response over different genetic backgrounds to mild drought stress in developing leaves. The processes involved in the overall mild drought stress response comprised abscisic acid signaling, proline metabolism, and cell wall adjustments. In addition to these known severe drought-related responses, 87 genes were found to be specific for the response of young developing leaves to mild drought stress.
GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 Stimulates Arabidopsis Chloroplast Division, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Longevity
Authors: Vercruyssen Liesbeth , Tognetti Vanesa B. , Gonzalez Nathalie , Van Dingenen Judith , De Milde Liesbeth , Bielach Agnieszka , De Rycke Riet , Van Breusegem Frank , Inzé Dirk 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf development relies on subsequent phases of cell proliferation and cell expansion. During the proliferation phase, chloroplasts need to divide extensively, and during the transition from cell proliferation to expansion, they differentiate into photosynthetically active chloroplasts, providing the plant with energy. The transcription factor GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR5 (GRF5) promotes the duration of the cell proliferation period during leaf development. Here, it is shown that GRF5 also stimulates chloroplast division, resulting in a higher chloroplast number per cell with a concomitant increase in chlorophyll levels in 35S:GRF5 leaves, which can sustain higher rates of photosynthesis. Moreover, 35S:GRF5 plants show delayed leaf senescence and are more tolerant for growth on nitrogen-depleted medium. Cytokinins also stimulate leaf growth in part by extending the cell proliferation phase, simultaneously delaying the onset of the cell expansion phase. In addition, cytokinins are known to be involved in chloroplast development, nitrogen signaling, and senescence. Evidence is provided that GRF5 and cytokinins synergistically enhance cell division and chlorophyll retention after dark-induced senescence, which suggests that they also cooperate to stimulate chloroplast division and nitrogen assimilation. Taken together with the increased leaf size, ectopic expression of GRF5 has great potential to improve plant productivity.
Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure (Part II)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Karasek Robin , Lapointe Francis , Quelch Kim 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to uncover and synthesise the main factors that affects and determines the success or failure of empowerment initiatives from a macro and micro perspective.Design/methodology/approach– A thorough review of scholarly articles and empirical evidence was conducted on the topic of empowerment in order to bring to light the correlation between the different factors affecting structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and the effect of leadership style.Findings– It has been determined that a team based structure and a culture based on trust and open communication are the key factors affecting the successful implementation of empowerment. Furthermore, although, many positive points can be made for transformational leadership, transactional leadership cannot be discounted as the research shows that the right combination of incentives and rewards, coupled with a certain organisational culture can breed empowerment among certain types of employees.Research limitations/implications– Going forward in terms of research on the increasingly popular concept of empowerment, it is believed that a more fully integrated model should be developed. Although some models do incorporate analysis of various macro and micro variables a more comprehensive and encompassing model would prove useful. Such a model would allow for a far more in-depth understanding of empowerment and its defining factors and would provide an invaluable tool to organisations wishing to implement empowerment in the most optimal way.Practical implications– In applying a combination of theories on empowerment, leadership and individuals as part of an organisation, the authors posit that empowerment initiatives are predisposed to either success or failure. In order for empowerment to permeate the corporate culture and prove successful, the predispositions of decentralised management and personal ambition are strong factors of success.Social implications– The authors postulate that the deciding factors regarding the success or failure of empowering an employee originate from the employees themselves. Even though employees can adopt new corporate cultures and be transformed by their leaders, their core traits remain the same and will have a decisive impact on the eventual success or failure of empowerment initiatives.Originality/value– Going forward in terms of research on the increasingly popular concept of empowerment, it is believed that a more fully integrated model should be developed. Although some models do incorporate analysis of various macro and micro variables, a more comprehensive and encompassing model would prove useful.
How to support and develop first-time managers?
Authors: Sillett Dawn 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges faced by first-time managers on their promotion and present suggestions for aiding successful transition.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is based on 15 years’ experience of working with first-time managers and their employers’ organizations, designing and delivering training and development programs in a corporate environment, as well as informal study of research by academic and practising professionals in the management development field.

Findings
– Newly promoted managers can face daunting challenges when they take on responsibility for managing others, which can adversely affect their own and others’ performance and engagement.

Practical implications
– The paper provides practical suggestions for supporting first-time managers’ transition to their new role.

Originality/value
– This paper is of value to HR and learning and development professionals, as well as senior managers who seek practical ways to enhance the development of their first-time managers.
Managing, tracking and evaluating coaching Part 1: where are you now?
Authors: Yates Kirsty 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the extent to which clients manage, track and evaluate coaching within their organisation, including awareness of the number of individuals being coached, awareness of their annual coaching spend, existence of a consistent and robust process for tracking all coaching, quality assurance processes in existence, and the evaluation of the impact of coaching.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured telephone interviews with HR, OD and L&D Directors and Managers in 69 large UK organisations collectively employing approximately 688,000 people.

Findings
– Whilst a handful of organisations are very satisfied with how coaching is managed, the vast majority feel there is room for improvement. The research highlights a number of issues: more than half the respondents do not know how many of their employees are currently working with an external coach and less than half are involved in a three-way meeting to sign off the coaching objectives at the beginning of the contract. In terms of evaluation and ROI, less than one in seven organisations have calculated their return on coaching investment, despite some organisations spending well in excess of £100k per year.

Originality/value
– Whilst the prevalence and benefits of coaching have been discussed at length over recent years, despite significant resources being invested in coaching there appeared to be very little research on how coaching is being resourced, managed and tracked in organisations. To that end, The Learning Curve (TLC) Ltd commissioned Adsum to investigate this research gap.
Felt discrimination increases offensiveness of stereotyped out-group depictions
Authors: Leak Roland L , Woodham Omar P , Stone George W 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the effects of minorities’ who experienced discrimination on perceptions of offensiveness tied to brand imagery that stereotypically depicts other minorities classified as out-group members.

Design/methodology/approach
– Study 1 utilizes factor analysis to develop dependent variables, and a path analysis to model relationships between the focal independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DVs). Study 2 uses an experimental approach analyzing data with ANOVA and bootstrapping methodologies.

Findings
– Minorities who report experiencing more discrimination perceive more offensiveness tied to branding containing overt stereotypical depictions of out-groups. This effect is mediated through a perceived sympathy for the out-group. However, while some minorities perceive these branded logos as relatively more offensive, minorities, as a group, do not perceive these stereotyped logos as overly offensive.

Research limitations/implications
– Minorities not depicted in or alluded to in stereotypical imagery associated with a brand may be a valuable consumptive bloc that can be recruited to oppose such uses of stereotypes. This research highlights that any sympathy that these minorities report holding for depicted minority groups may be important to future targeted communications. Brand managers may need to aggressively defend the brand against negative attributions derived from non-depicted minorities’ felt sympathy. Depicted minorities fighting to remove stereotypical imagery in brands may be able to leverage non-depicted minorities’ expressed sympathy to form coalitions. Depicted minorities’ communications, however, may need to increase issue relevance to non-depicted minorities.

Originality/value
– This research explores how non-affected groups perceive stereotypes infused in branding. It demonstrates that, depending on past experiences, these individuals may defend against a perceived social threat targeted at a societal out-group.
The impact of consumer resistance to brand substitution on brand relationship
Authors: Mogos Descotes Raluca , Pauwels-Delassus Véronique 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this research is to propose and test a model that aims to identify key determinants which could alleviate the loss of brand trust and loyalty caused by brand name change using the resistance to change theory (RCT).Design/methodology/approach– Because of the causal nature of the research, the quantitative research methodology was considered as best suitable. An online questionnaire was administered on a sample composed of 313 consumers.Findings– The paper provides empirical insights regarding the fact that consumers’ resistance to the brand name substitution is the main determinant of the transfer of consumers’ trust from the old to the new brand. Finally, loyalty transfer heavily relies on trust transfer.Research limitations/implications– Because of the convenience sample used, the research results may lack generalisability. Furthermore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed hypotheses based on different brand name change cases.Practical implications– The paper includes implications for the alleviation of consumers’ resistance to the brand name substitution, a main determinant for the loss of brand trust and loyalty in the case of brand name change.Originality/value– This paper fulfils an identified need to study how consumers’ resistance to the brand name change can be diminished. Overall, our research supports the use of the RCT for a better understanding of brand name change-related issues.
Possible pathways from agreeing to non‐agreeing genitive appositives as seen in laȝamon's Brut
Authors: Shinkawa Seiji 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn Old English, genitive nouns in apposition are both marked for case. King Arthur's men, for example, would be Arþures cyninges menn, Arþures menn þæs cyninges, among a few other possibilities. Non‐agreeing genitive appositives such as Arþur kinges men and Arþures men (þe) king began to appear in the Early Middle English period. The analysis in two versions of Laȝamon's Brut suggests two possible pathways through which they were established. One is the development of the name and the title as a compound‐like unit, which marks genitive only at the end of the second element as in Arþur kinges men, and the other is ambiguous appositive or predicative expressions such as Arþures men (þe) king, interpretable as either ‘King Arthur's men’ or ‘men of Arthur, (who is) (the) king’, which seem to have led post‐head constituents of split genitives to appear in the nominative or unmarked case, resulting in genitive marking only on the pre‐head components. These new usages are thus originally and essentially independent of the developments of the case‐marking system itself.
What is for for?: Reconstructing the development of what for construction in russian
Authors: Kwon Kyongjoon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe present article addresses the question of what for is for in the so‐called what for construction of Russian, namely, za in the čto za construction. Establishing that za in certain contexts is in fact a predicator that connects a subject to its predicate, this paper argues that the same element in the čto za construction also belongs to this grammatical category and should not be considered a preposition with an eccentric case assigning property. This analysis crucially assumes that the construction starts out as a wh‐question of a small clause base. Various aspects concerning the suggested development of the čto za construction are addressed in detail: (i) how a wh‐predication transforms into a wh‐modification, (ii) how the expressive semantics can be imbued by the expression, and (iii) whether German provided a source of the construction for other languages, including Russian.a crazy synchronic state of the grammar has arisen via diachronic changes that are highly natural and, presumably, motivated independently by various communicative factors. (Givón 1979: 235, emphasis added)