bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical management of lung cancer: Experience in China
Authors: Shi Yuankai , Sun Yan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, as well as in China. A multidisciplinary treatment strategy for lung cancer, which includes medical and radiation oncology, surgery, and pathology is used in clinical practice in China. Chinese lung cancer patients are treated according to different pathologic and genetic types of the disease. For those with active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are used in first‐, second‐ or third‐line and maintenance treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, Crizotinib is a promising treatment in advanced NSCLC patients. A platinum‐based regimen remains the mainstay of first‐line systemic therapy for advanced NSCLC patients who are negative for EGFR mutation or ALK gene rearrangement. For patients with non‐squamous NSCLC, Pemetrexed plus Cisplatin is recommended in first‐line systemic therapy. An Endostatin combination with chemotherapy is used in first‐ and second‐line advanced NSCLC patients. S‐1 presents a new option of chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC cases. Cisplatin‐based doublet chemotherapy is commonly used in NSCLC patients after surgery as adjuvant therapy. EGFR‐TKIs are now being assessed in the adjuvant setting. The standard first‐line chemotherapy regimen of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is platinum with Etoposide (PE). Amrubicin provides similar survival compared with the PE regimen with an acceptable toxicity profile in extensive stage SCLC patients. Supportive care, such as traditional Chinese medicine and pegylated filgrastim, play an important role in improving patients' quality of life.
Psychometric Properties of the Body Image Scale in Turkish Ostomy Patients
Authors: Karayurt Özgül , Edeer Aylin Durmaz , Süler Gülseren , Dorum Hatice , Harputlu Deniz , Vural Fatma , Üçer Ceylanım 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo investigate the validity and reliability of the Body Image Scale in Turkish ostomy patients.MethodsThis study has a methodological and cross‐sectional design. A hundred patients with ostomy lasting for at least 2 months were recruited from an ostomy and wound care unit.FindingsConfirmatory factor analyses showed that goodness‐of‐fit indexes were acceptable. Exploratory factor analyses showed that factor loadings of the scale items varied between 0.74 and 0.91, and a single factor was determined. The Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was 0.94. Item‐to‐total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.75 to 0.91.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the Body Image Scale is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating body image in Turkish ostomy patients.
Are we meeting the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for cholecystectomy post‐gallstone pancreatitis?
Authors: Creedon Lee R. , Neophytou Chris , Leeder Paul C. , Awan Altaf K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to audit the current management of patients suffering with gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) at a university teaching hospital for compliance with the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines regarding cholecystectomy post‐GSP.MethodsData were collected on all patients identified via the hospital coding department that presented with GSP between January 2011 and November 2013. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis were excluded. The primary outcome was the length of time in days from diagnosis of GSP to cholecystectomy. Secondary outcomes included readmission with gallstone‐related disease prior to definitive management and admitting speciality.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐eight patients were identified with a presentation of GSP during the study period. Thirty‐nine patients were treated conservatively. One hundred and six patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy a median (interquartile range) interval of 33.5 days (64 days) post‐admission. Patients with a severe attack as classified by the Glasgow severity score (n = 16) waited a median of 79.5 days (71.5) for cholecystectomy. Only 32% (n = 34) of patients with mild disease underwent cholecystectomy during the index admission or within 2 weeks. When grouped by admitting speciality, patients admitted initially under hepatobiliary surgery waited significantly fewer days for definitive treatment compared with other specialities (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐one patients (19.8%) re‐presented with gallstone‐related pathology prior to undergoing cholecystectomy.ConclusionsOnly 32.1% were treated as per BSG guidelines. About 19.8% (n = 21) of the patients suffered further morbidity as a result of a delayed operation and there is a clear difference between admitting speciality and the median time to operation.
The importance of angle kappa evaluation for implantation of diffractive multifocal intra‐ocular lenses using pseudophakic eye model
Authors: Karhanová Marta , Pluháček František , Mlčák Petr , Vláčil Ondřej , Šín Martin , Marešová Klára 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeTo determine the critical value of the angle kappa in connection with a higher risk of photic phenomena for the AcrySof ReSTOR and Tecnis multifocal intra‐ocular lens (MIOL) on a standardized pseudophakic eye model. To analyse the impact of biometric value changes on the critical angle kappa.MethodsGeometrical optic rules applied to a suitable optical model of the pseudophakic eye were used to calculate the critical value of the angle kappa for the Tecnis and three types of the AcrySof ReSTOR MIOLs. The angle kappa was defined as critical if the incident ray passed through the first ring's edge area. The influence of different positive optical corneal power (K), effective lens position (ELP) and axial length (AL) on the critical angle kappa (κc) was investigated. The dependence of κc on one of the parameters was studied for standardized values of the remaining parameters.ResultsThe highest value of the critical angle kappa was evaluated for the Tecnis MIOL. The increase in ELP and K caused an increase in κc under the given conditions. On the contrary, an increase in AL led to lower values of κc.ConclusionWe demonstrated the dependence of the critical angle kappa on the central part of the MIOL and on biometric parameters of the eye, especially on the effective lens position. According to these results, we conclude that shallow anterior chamber depth in connection with a higher angle kappa is an important risk factor for pronounced photic phenomena after implantation of a diffractive MIOL.
Estimation of treatment effects in matched‐pair cluster randomized trials by calibrating covariate imbalance between clusters
Authors: Wu Zhenke , Frangakis Constantine E. , Louis Thomas A. , Scharfstein Daniel O. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWe address estimation of intervention effects in experimental designs in which (a) interventions are assigned at the cluster level; (b) clusters are selected to form pairs, matched on observed characteristics; and (c) intervention is assigned to one cluster at random within each pair. One goal of policy interest is to estimate the average outcome if all clusters in all pairs are assigned control versus if all clusters in all pairs are assigned to intervention. In such designs, inference that ignores individual level covariates can be imprecise because cluster‐level assignment can leave substantial imbalance in the covariate distribution between experimental arms within each pair. However, most existing methods that adjust for covariates have estimands that are not of policy interest. We propose a methodology that explicitly balances the observed covariates among clusters in a pair, and retains the original estimand of interest. We demonstrate our approach through the evaluation of the Guided Care program.
From current distinctiveness to future homogenization of the world's freshwater fish faunas
Authors: Villéger Sébastien , Blanchet Simon , Beauchard Olivier , Oberdorff Thierry , Brosse Sébastien 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimAssessing the consequences of a future increase in non‐native species introductions and native species extirpations on taxonomic similarity among fish faunas.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe designed 42 scenarios of future species introductions and extirpations to simulate future fish composition for 1054 river basins. Using these simulated future compositions, we computed the change in taxonomic similarity among pairs of fish faunas from historical to future situation at the river basin, biogeographic realm and world scales.ResultsAccording to all our scenarios, taxonomic similarity among fish faunas will strongly increase in the future at the three spatial scales considered. Fish faunas from the Southern Hemisphere, which are currently the less affected by taxonomic homogenization, are forecasted to show the steepest changes. Our scenarios also reveal that non‐native species introductions will account for most of the predicted changes, whereas the effect of native species extirpations will be weak.Main conclusionsThe predicted future taxonomic homogenization will blur the current high level of taxonomic dissimilarity among freshwater fish faunas, and therefore, imperil the conservation programmes based on beta‐diversity mapping.
Informalizing the Economy: The Return of the Social Question at a Global Level
Authors: Breman Jan , van der Linden Marcel 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe classical conceptualization of the working class, of workers’ collective action and, especially, of trade unionism, was implicitly or explicitly based on the Standard Employment Relationship that, for a few decades, has been dominant in North America, Europe, Japan and Australasia. The ‘classical’ model of collective bargaining, which has shaped the world's traditional labour movements, was based on this conceptualization. However, it is now increasingly undermined by the rapid spread of ‘informal’ or ‘precarious’ labour in the global North. It is our contention that the ‘classical’ view of the working class and workers’ collective action is fundamentally biased and takes as a norm or standard what was in fact an historical exception. The real norm or standard in global capitalism is insecurity, informality or precariousness, and the Standard Employment Relationship is an historical phenomenon which had a deep impact in a limited part of the world for a relatively short period of time. If, as we argue, the ‘Rest’ is not now becoming like the ‘West’, but the other way round, then the ‘traditional’ forms of collective action that have developed in the North Atlantic region during the last two centuries are gradually losing much of their impact. New forms of collective action are emerging, though these are often still at an embryonic stage. It is, therefore, high time to rethink the concept of the working class and the ways in which it can further its interests.
Managing Imbalanced Supply Chain Relationships for Sustainability: A Power Perspective
Authors: Touboulic Anne , Chicksand Daniel , Walker Helen 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study adopts a power perspective to investigate sustainable supply chain relationships and specifically uses resource‐dependence theory (RDT) to critically analyze buyer–supplier–supplier relationships. Empirical evidence is provided, extending the RDT model in this context. The concept of power relationships is explored through a qualitative study of a multinational company and agricultural growers in the UK food industry that work together to implement sustainable practices. We look at multiple triadic relationships involving a large buyer and its small suppliers to investigate how relative power affects the implementation of sustainable supply‐management practices. The study highlights that power as dependence is relevant to understanding compliance in sustainable supply chains and to identifying appropriate relationship‐management strategies to build more sustainable supply chains. We show the influences of power on how players manage their relationships and how it affects organizational responses to the implementation of sustainability initiatives. Power notably influences the sharing of sustainability‐related risks and value between supply chain partners. From a managerial perspective, the study contributes to developing a better understanding of how power can become an effective way to achieve sustainability goals. This article offers insights into the way in which a large organization works with small and medium size enterprises to implement sustainable practices and shows how power management—that is, the way in which power is used—can support or hinder effective cooperation around sustainability in the supply chain.
Distinct patterns of cortical thinning in concurrent motor and attention disorders
Authors: Langevin Lisa Marie , MacMaster Frank P , Dewey Deborah 
Published: August 2014

AimMany neurodevelopmental disorders co‐occur yet are rarely studied in terms of brain development. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co‐occur at a high frequency and are associated with functional and structural brain alterations. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of comorbid motor and attention problems influence cortical thickness in children and whether the pattern of changes for concurrent disorders is distinct from the alterations seen in single disorders.MethodA total of 34 children (19 males, 15 females, mean age 9y 9mo, range 8–17y) who met the criteria for DCD (n=14), ADHD (n=10), or DCD+ADHD (n=10) were recruited into the study. Fourteen participants with typical development (eight males, six females, mean age 11y 9mo, range 8–17y) were also recruited for comparison. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness analysis was performed to determine the patterns of cortical thinning in each disorder, which was then compared across groups.ResultsChildren with comorbid DCD+ADHD demonstrated more widespread decreases in cortical thickness than participants with a diagnosis of DCD or ADHD alone. Cortical thinning was found to be concentrated in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, and was correlated with measures of motor and attentional functioning.InterpretationThe co‐occurrence of DCD+ADHD was associated with a distinct global pattern of regional cortical thickness decrease, highlighting the unique neurobiology of comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. This novel feature of concurrent DCD and ADHD may help inform diagnostic definitions and provide clues to both the shared and the isolated genetic and environmental origins of motor and attention disorders.
Liquidity Constraints, Fundamentals and Investment: What Do We Learn From Panel Data?
Authors: Tomat Gian Maria 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLiquidity constraints are an important determinant of investment in imperfect financial markets. Firm's investment is a function of marginal q, although liquidity constraints impose an upper bound on investment. Moreover, expectations over future liquidity conditions entail a financial accelerator effect on the firm's marginal q. Under regularity conditions there exists a relation between marginal and average q. However, these quantities are not equivalent in the presence of liquidity constraints, therefore econometric estimates using Tobin q as explanatory variable in the investment equation are subject to distortion. Econometric evidence from a dynamic panel of Italian firms in the period 1996–2010 supports these findings.
Photoperiodism of diapause induction and diapause termination in Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Yang Hui‐Zhong , Tu Xiao‐Yun , Xia Qin‐Wen , He Hai‐Min , Chen Chao , Xue Fang‐Sen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), enters facultative diapause as fully grown larva in response to short‐day conditions during the autumn. Photoperiodic response curves showed a stable critical daylength of ca. 13.5 h at 25, 28, and 30 °C, which is nearly identical with the critical daylength between 13 h 22 min and 13 h 27 min in the field. The incidence of diapause obviously declined during ultra‐long nights (14–22 h scotophases) and DD (i.e., constant darkness). The required day number (RDN) for a 50% response differed significantly between short‐ and long‐night cycles at different temperatures, indicating that the effect of one short night was equivalent to the effect of three long nights at 25 and 28 °C. The third instar was the stage most sensitive to the photoperiod. Night‐interruption experiments with a 1‐h light pulse at L9:D15 and L12:D12 exhibited a broad trough of diapause inhibition. In experiments using non‐24‐h light‐dark cycles, only the cycles containing a long night of 12 h resulted in high incidence of diapause, regardless of the duration of the accompanying light period, indicating that the duration of the dark period was of greater importance than that of the light period. The Nanda‐Hamner and Bünsow experiments in O. furnacalis did not show any rhythmic fluctuations with a period of ca. 24 h in their photoperiodic response curves; the incidence of diapause was low when the scotophase length exceeded 16 h. The rearing daylengths of 11 and 12 h evoked a greater intensity of diapause than did 13 h at 25 and 28 °C. By transferring naturally overwintering larvae from natural conditions to a short photoperiod of L12:D12 or a long photoperiod of L15:D9 combined with 25 °C, photoperiod appeared to have a significant influence on diapause development during the early phase of diapause. Field observations for 2 years revealed that pupation and adult emergence of overwintering individuals (50% responses) occurred in early May and mid‐May, respectively.
Methylphenidate improves learning impairments and hyperthermia‐induced seizures caused by an Scn1a mutation
Authors: Ohmori Iori , Kawakami Nozomi , Liu Sumei , Wang Haijiao , Miyazaki Ikuko , Asanuma Masato , Michiue Hiroyuki , Matsui Hideki , Mashimo Tomoji , Ouchida Mamoru 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjectiveDevelopmental disorders including cognitive deficit, hyperkinetic disorder, and autistic behaviors are frequently comorbid in epileptic patients with SCN1A mutations. However, the mechanisms underlying these developmental disorders are poorly understood and treatments are currently unavailable. Using a rodent model with an Scn1a mutation, we aimed to elucidate the pathophysiologic basis and potential therapeutic treatments for developmental disorders stemming from Scn1a mutations.MethodsWe conducted behavioral analyses on rats with the N1417H‐Scn1a mutation. With high‐performance liquid chromatography, we measured dopamine and its metabolites in the frontal cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and midbrain. Methylphenidate was administered intraperitoneally to examine its effects on developmental disorder–like behaviors and hyperthermia‐induced seizures.ResultsBehavioral studies revealed that Scn1a‐mutant rats had repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety‐like behavior, spatial learning impairments, and motor imbalance. Dopamine levels in the striatum and nucleus accumbens in Scn1a‐mutant rats were significantly lower than those in wild‐type rats. In Scn1a‐mutant rats, methylphenidate, by increasing dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft, improved hyperactivity, anxiety‐like behavior, and spatial learning impairments. Surprisingly, methylphenidate also strongly suppressed hyperthermia‐induced seizures.SignificanceDysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway may contribute to the hyperactivity and learning impairments in Scn1a‐mutant rats. Methylphenidate was effective for treating hyperactivity, learning impairments, and hyperthermia‐induced seizures. We propose that methylphenidate treatment may ameliorate not only developmental disorders but also epileptic seizures in patients with SCN1A mutations.
Does human‐induced hybridization have long‐term genetic effects? Empirical testing with domesticated, wild and hybridized fish populations
Authors: Harbicht Andrew , Wilson Chris C. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCurrent conservation practices exclude human‐generated hybridized populations from protection, as the genetic effects of hybridization in the wild have been observed to be long‐lasting based on neutral genetic markers and are considered potentially irreversible. Theory, however, predicts otherwise for genes under selection. We transplanted combinations of wild, domesticated and hybridized populations of a fish species to new environments. We then compared survival, phenotypic variation and plasticity to determine whether hybridization affects adaptive potential after multiple generations of selection in the wild. Although the fitness of our hybridized populations at the onset of hybridization cannot be assessed, our results suggest that within five to eleven generations, selection can remove introduced foreign genes from wild populations that have hybridized with domesticated conspecifics. The end result is hybridized populations that, in terms of survival, phenotypic plasticity, mean trait expression and overall general responses to environmental change, closely resemble neighbouring wild populations. These results have important implications for considering the potential conservation value of hybridized populations and illustrate the effectiveness of selection in a local environment.
Agonist‐dependent and ‐independent dopamine‐1‐like receptor signalling differentially regulates downstream effectors
Authors: Roosterman Dirk 
Published: August 2014

De‐regulation of energy metabolism by the dopaminergic system is linked to neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Inverse agonists are thought to be more beneficial in treating neurological diseases than neutral antagonists, but only limited experimental data are available regarding the impact of constitutive signalling on energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of constitutive dopamine‐1 receptor (D1R) and dopamine‐5 receptor (D5R) signalling on downstream targets in transiently and stably transfected HEK293T cells. The high constitutive activity of D5R was accompanied by increased Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity and accelerated glucose degradation due to increased transcription and translation of the Na, K‐ATPase‐α3 and NHE‐2. Chronic treatment with an agonist increased the mRNA levels of the α2 Na,K‐ATPase, NHE‐2 and NHE‐3. Constitutive D5R activation of a cAMP response element‐based reporter was regulated by G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2, but this did not affect the cell‐surface abundance of the receptor. Our data suggest that constitutive and agonist‐induced activity of D5R differentially regulates the activity and expression of proteins.