bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment‐Specific Fluorescence Response of Microporous, Conformation‐Variable Conjugated Polymer Film to Water in Organic Solvents: On‐line Real‐Time Monitoring in Fluidic Channels
Authors: Han Dong‐Cheul , Jin Young‐Jae , Lee Joong‐Heon , Kim Shin‐Il , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Song Kyu‐Ho , Kwak Giseop 
Published: April 2014

Poly[1‐phenyl‐2‐(p‐trimethylsilyl)phenylacetylene] (PTMSDPA) with microporous and intramolecular stack structures in the bulk solid state can be used as a fluorescent water sensor for on‐line real‐time monitoring. A solubility parameter (δ) of PTMSDPA is estimated from the degree of swelling and solvation of the polymer in various organic solvents. When the PTMSDPA film is immersed in organic solvents with a range of δ values, the fluorescence (FL) intensity increases significantly due to swelling, whereas the FL intensity decreases gradually upon the addition of water in the solvents due to deswelling. The FL decreasing ratios are quite different according to the solvents. The hydrogen‐bonding strength of the solvents toward water plays a key role in determining the FL responsivity of the polymer. The FL response is very specific to water in organic solvents. The PTMSDPA film responds quickly to water within several seconds. A fluidic channel of which the inner wall is coated with PTMSDPA is fabricated to demonstrate the on‐line, real‐time monitoring of water in flowing solvents. The development of more facile and convenient devices, such as microfluidic lab‐on‐chip and optode sensors, using PTMSDPA as an active layer will advance practical applications.
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Efficient Synthesis of α,ω‐Divinyl‐Functionalized Polyolefins
Authors: Patil Vishal B. , Saliu Kuburat O. , Jenkins Roxanne M. , Carnahan Edmund M. , Kramer Edward J. , Fredrickson Glenn H. , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: April 2014

A facile one‐step olefin metathesis‐mediated ethenolysis reaction on polyolefins containing 1,4‐inserted butadiene units yields α,ω‐divinyl telechelic polymers. These reactions can be successfully performed with well‐defined thermally stable ruthenium catalysts to yield essentially complete metathesis of internal double bonds. The reaction progress is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy over time, by tracking the disappearance of the signal due to internal unsaturation of 1,4‐butadiene at ca. 5.5 ppm in toluene‐d8 solvent. The reaction conditions are optimized for ethylene pressure, temperature, catalyst loading, and reaction time. Catalyst loading of 45:1 1,4‐butadiene unsaturation to catalyst at 90 °C with 25 psi ethylene pressure is successful in removing internal unsaturation with no detectable isomerization side reactions. High‐temperature gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis of the depolymerized product correlates to the calculated molecular weight based on the number of internal double bonds observed in the 1H NMR analysis of the starting polyolefin. This method offers a single step, rapid, and clean route toward divinyl‐terminated telechelic polymers based on commodity materials in high yields.
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Product Packaging Metaphors: Effects of Ambiguity and Explanatory Information on Consumer Appreciation and Brand Perception
Authors: van Rompay Thomas J. L. , Veltkamp Martijn 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTProduct packaging is an important means for communicating product and brand benefits. Research suggests that visual metaphors may be particularly suited in this context, however, the conditions under which metaphors are effective are not yet well understood. In the research reported herein, effects of metaphor ambiguity and explanatory information on consumer appreciation and brand personality perceptions are tested. Study 1 shows that explicit information explaining the metaphor increases consumer appreciation and positively affects brand perception, but only for ambiguous metaphors. Study 2 shows that drawing consumer attention to packaging design by means of a visual packaging cue may be equally or even more effective for enhancing consumer appreciation and steering brand personality perceptions. In addition, Study 2 shows that effects of explanatory information and information type vary with participants’ readiness to engage in metaphor processing. Together, the results provide greater insight into the effects of metaphors in product design and provide guidelines to packaging designers.
Make it Your Own: How Process Valence and Self‐Construal Affect Evaluation of Self‐Made Products
Authors: Atakan Sukriye Sinem , Bagozzi Richard P. , Yoon Carolyn 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSelf‐production, participation of consumers in the production process of products for their own consumption, leads to consumers’ enhanced evaluations of the self‐made products. Three experimental studies investigate how and why self‐production affects consumers’ product evaluations and reveal that not all production experiences create additional value for all consumers. In particular, Studies 1 and 2, using hypothetical stories and real experiences, show that only positive (vs. negative) production experiences enhance evaluations of self‐made products over products made by others. Positive (but not negative) experiences decrease the psychological distance between the self and the product and strengthen identification with it. Study 3 manipulates self‐construal (independent vs. interdependent) to investigate its role on evaluation of self‐made products and products made with close others as a group (i.e., group‐made). Consumers with independent self‐construal evaluate self‐made (vs. other‐made) products more favorably only if the process is positive. However, consumers with interdependent self‐construal evaluate self‐made products more favorably even if the process is negative. Additionally, consumers with interdependent (vs. independent) self‐construal exhibit more favorable evaluation of group‐made products. Finally, even if consumers know how another person feels while making a product, other people's process emotions do not affect consumers’ product judgments as strongly as their own experienced process emotions.
What can biomarkers tell us about cognition in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Mollenhauer Brit , Rochester Lynn , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Brooks David 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCognitive decline is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), even in the early motor stage, and this non‐motor feature impacts quality of life and prognosis tremendously. In this article, we discuss marker candidates for cognitive decline in PD from different angles, including functional and structural imaging techniques, biological fluid markers in cerebrospinal fluid, and blood genetic predictors, as well as gait as a surrogate marker of cognitive decline. Specifically, imaging‐based markers of cognitive impairment in PD include cortical atrophy, reduced cortical metabolism, loss of cortical cholinergic and frontal dopaminergic function, as well as an increased cortical amyloid load. Reduced β‐amyloid(1‐42) in cerebrospinal fluid and lower plasma levels of epidermal growth factor are predictors for cognitive decline in PD. In addition, genetic variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE), catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT), and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) genes may confer risk for cognitive impairment in PD; and gait disturbance may also indicate an increased risk for dementia. Other marker candidates have been proposed and are discussed. All of the current studies are hampered by gaps in our knowledge about the molecular causes of cognitive decline, which will have to be considered in future biomarker studies. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The spectrum of cognitive impairment in Lewy body diseases
Authors: Goldman Jennifer G. , Williams‐Gray Caroline , Barker Roger A. , Duda John E. , Galvin James E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCognitive impairment represents an important and often defining component of the clinical syndromes of Lewy body disorders: Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. The spectrum of cognitive deficits in these Lewy body diseases encompasses a broad range of clinical features, severity of impairment, and timing of presentation. It is now recognized that cognitive dysfunction occurs not only in more advanced Parkinson's disease but also in early, untreated patients and even in those patients with pre‐motor syndromes, such as rapid eye movement behavior disorder and hyposmia. In recent years, the concept of mild cognitive impairment as a transitional or pre‐dementia state in Parkinson's disease has emerged. This has led to much research regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and underlying neurobiology of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, but has also raised questions regarding the usefulness of this concept and its application in clinical and research settings. In addition, the conundrum of whether Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies represent the same or different entities remains unresolved. Although these disorders overlap in many aspects of their presentations and pathophysiology, they differ in other elements, such as timing of cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms; medication responses; and neuropathological contributions. This article examines the spectrum and evolution of cognitive impairment in Lewy body disorders and debates these controversial issues in the field using point‐counterpoint approaches. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Regulation of intestinal calcium absorption by luminal calcium content: Role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Brun Lucas R. , Brance María L. , Lombarte Mercedes , Lupo Maela , Di Loreto Verónica E. , Rigalli Alfredo 
Published: April 2014

ScopeIntestinal alkaline phosphatase is a brush border enzyme that is stimulated by calcium. Inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase increases intestinal calcium absorption. We hypothesized that intestinal alkaline phosphatase acts as a minute‐to‐minute regulatory mechanism of calcium entry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism by which intestinal luminal calcium controls intestinal calcium absorption.Methods and resultsWe performed kinetic studies with purified intestinal alkaline phosphatase and everted duodenal sacs and showed that intestinal alkaline phosphatase modifies the luminal pH as a function of enzyme concentration and calcium luminal content. A decrease in pH occurred simultaneously with a decrease in calcium absorption. The inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by l‐phenylalanine caused an increase in calcium absorption. This effect was also confirmed in calcium uptake experiments with isolated duodenal cells.ConclusionChanges in luminal pH arising from intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity induced by luminal calcium concentration modulate intestinal calcium absorption.
Dual echo vessel‐encoded ASL for simultaneous BOLD and CBF reactivity assessment in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Faraco Carlos C. , Strother Megan K. , Dethrage Lindsey M. , Jordan Lori , Singer Robert , Clemmons Paul F. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeBlood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD)‐weighted and vessel‐encoded arterial spin labeling (VE‐ASL) MRI provide complementary information and can be used in sequence to gauge hemodynamic contributions to cerebrovascular reactivity. Here, cerebrovascular reactivity is assessed using dual echo VE‐ASL MRI to understand how VE labeling preparations influence BOLD and ASL contrast in flow‐limited and healthy perfusion territories.MethodsPatients (n = 12; age = 55 +/– 14 years; 6F/6M) presenting with ischemic steno‐occlusive cerebrovascular disease underwent 3.0T angiographic imaging, T1‐weighted structural, and planning‐free dual echo hypercarbic hyperoxic (i.e., carbogen) VE‐ASL MRI. Vasculopathy extent, timecourses, and cerebrovascular reactivity (signal change and Z‐statistic) for different VE‐ASL images were contrasted across flow territories and Bonferroni‐corrected P‐values reported.ResultsBOLD cerebrovascular reactivity (i.e., long‐TE VE‐ASL) Z‐statistics were similarly sensitive to asymmetric disease (P ≤ 0.002) regardless of labeling scenario. Cerebral blood flow reactivity correlated significantly with BOLD reactivity (Z‐statistic). However, BOLD signal changes did not differ significantly between labeling scenarios (P > 0.003) or across territories (P > 0.002), indicating BOLD signal changes in response to carbogen offer low sensitivity to lateralizing disease.ConclusionDual echo VE‐ASL can provide simultaneous cerebral blood flow and qualitative BOLD contrast consistent with lateralizing disease severity in patients with asymmetric steno‐occlusive disease. The methodological strengths and limitations of composite BOLD and VE‐ASL measurements in the clinic are discussed. Magn Reson Med 73:1579–1592, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Survey of Psychological Support Provision for People with Inflammatory Arthritis in Secondary Care in England
Authors: Dures Emma , Almeida Celia , Caesley Judy , Peterson Alice , Ambler Nicholas , Morris Marianne , Pollock Jon , Hewlett Sarah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe consequences of inflammatory arthritis can include depression, anxiety and low mood, reducing patients’ quality of life and increasing pressure on the healthcare system. Treatment guidelines recommend psychological support, but data are lacking on the provision available.MethodsA postal survey concerning psychological support provision was sent to rheumatology units in 143 acute trusts across England. Nurses from 73 rheumatology units (51%) responded.ResultsOverall, 73% rated their unit's psychological support provision as ‘inadequate’ and only 4% rated it as ‘good’. Few units believed that psychological support did not fall within their remit (12%), yet only 8% had a psychologist in the team. Most units (68%) did not routinely screen patients to identify psychological difficulties. Referral to other service providers was reported in 42% of units, with 3% very satisfied with this provision. Within units, services containing elements of psychological support ranged from occupational therapy (81%) to psychology/counselling (14%). Psychological approaches used by team members ranged from shared decision making (77%) to cognitive–behavioural approaches (26%). The current barriers to providing psychological support were lack of clinical time and available training (86% and 74%, respectively), and delivery costs (74%). Future facilitators included management support (74%) and availability of skills training (74%).ConclusionsRheumatology units viewed psychological support provision as part of their remit but rated their overall provision as inadequate, despite some team members using psychological skills. To improve provision, clinicians’ training needs must be addressed and organizational support generated, and further research needs to define adequate psychological support provision from the patient perspective. © 2014 The Authors. Musculoskeletal Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Elastic models for nonlinear response of rigid passive piles
Authors: Guo W. D. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYRecent study indicates that the response of rigid passive piles is dominated by elastic pile–soil interaction and may be estimated using theory for lateral piles. The difference lies in that passive piles normally are associated with a large scatter of the ratio of maximum bending moment over maximum shear force and induce a limiting pressure that is ~1/3 that on laterally loaded piles. This disparity prompts this study.This paper proposes pressure‐based pile–soil models and develops their associated solutions to capture response of rigid piles subjected to soil movement. The impact of soil movement was encapsulated into a power‐law distributed loading over a sliding depth, and load transfer model was adopted to mimic the pile–soil interaction. The solutions are presented in explicit expressions and can be readily obtained. They are capable of capturing responses of model piles in a sliding soil owing to the impact of sliding depth and relative strength between sliding and stable layer on limiting force prior to ultimate state. In comparison with available solutions for ultimate state, this study reveals the 1/3 limiting pressure (of the active piles) on passive piles was induced by elastic interaction. The current models employing distributed pressure for moving soil are more pertinent to passive piles (rather than plastic soil flow). An example calculation against instrumented model piles is provided, which demonstrates the accuracy of the current solutions for design slope stabilising piles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity independently influences gonadal function in very long‐term adult male survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Blijdorp Karin , van Dorp Wendy , Laven Joop S.E. , Pieters Rob , de Jong Frank H. , Pluijm Saskia M.F. , van der Lely Aart Jan , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Neggers Sebastian J.C.M.M. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveAlthough obesity is associated with gonadal dysfunction in the general population, gonadotoxic treatment might diminish the impact of obesity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The aim was to evaluate whether altered body composition is associated with gonadal dysfunction in male CCS, independent of gonadotoxic cancer treatment.MethodsThree hundred fifty‐one male CCS were included. Median age at diagnosis was 5.9 years (0‐17.8) and median age at follow‐up 25.6 years (18.0‐45.8). Total and non‐SHBG‐bound testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin, inhibin B, and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied. Potential determinants were BMI, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, and body composition measures (dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry).ResultsNon‐SHBG‐bound testosterone was significantly decreased in survivors with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (adjusted mean 9.1 nmol/L vs. 10.2 nmol/L, P = 0.015), high fat percentage (10.0 vs. 11.2, P = 0.004), and high waist circumference (>102 cm) (9.0 vs. 11.0, P = 0.020). Survivors with high fat percentage (≥25%) had significantly lower inhibin B/FSH ratios (inhibin B/FSH ratio: β −34%, P = 0.041).ConclusionObesity is associated with gonadal dysfunction in male CCS, independent of the irreversible effect of previous cancer treatment. Randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate whether weight normalization could improve gonadal function, especially in obese survivors with potential other mechanisms than lifestyle causing their obesity.
Electrochromic enhancement of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) films functionalized with hydroxymethyl and ethylene oxide
Authors: Zhang Shimin , Xu Jingkun , Lu Baoyang , Qin Leiqiang , Zhang Long , Zhen Shijie , Mo Daize 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT2‐((2,3‐Dihydrothieno[3,4‐b]dioxin‐2‐yl)methoxy)methyl oxirane (EDOT‐MO) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of epichlorohydrin with hydroxymethylated‐3,4‐ethylenedioxylthiophene (EDOT‐MeOH), which was synthesized via a simple four‐step sequence. Poly(hydroxymethylated‐3,4‐ethylenedioxylthiophene) (PEDOT‐MeOH) and poly(2‐((2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b]dioxin‐2‐yl)methoxy)methyl oxirane) (PEDOT‐MO) were electrosynthesized through electropolymerization of EDOT‐MeOH and EDOT‐MO, respectively. Structural, electrochemical, optical, and thermal properties of as‐formed polymers were investigated by FTIR, cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis, and thermogravimetry. Spectroelectrochemistry studies demonstrated that PEDOT‐MeOH and PEDOT‐MO could be reversibly oxidized and reduced accompany with obvious color changes. Further kinetic studies demonstrated that the introduction of hydroxymethyl or ethylene oxide group significantly improved electrochromic properties of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and resulted in high contrast ratios (57.3% at 585 nm) and coloration efficiencies (338.5 cm2 C−1), low switching voltages, and fast response time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1989–1999
Fibrinogen α‐chain‐derived peptide is upregulated in hippocampus of rats exposed to acute morphine injection and spontaneous alternation testing
Authors: Maki Agatha E. , Morris Kenneth A. , Catherman Kasia , Chen Xian , Hatcher Nathan G. , Gold Paul E. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFibrinogen is a secreted glycoprotein that is synthesized in the liver, although recent in situ hybridization data support its expression in the brain. It is involved in blood clotting and is released in the brain upon injury. Here, we report changes in the extracellular levels of fibrinogen α‐chain‐derived peptides in the brain after injections of saline and morphine. More specifically, in order to assess hippocampus‐related working memory, an approach pairing in vivo microdialysis with mass spectrometry was used to characterize extracellular peptide release from the hippocampus of rats in response to saline or morphine injection coupled with a spontaneous alternation task. Two fibrinopeptide A‐related peptides derived from the fibrinogen α‐chain – fibrinopeptide A (ADTGTTSEFIEAGGDIR) and a fibrinopeptide A‐derived peptide (DTGTTSEFIEAGGDIR) – were shown to be consistently elevated in the hippocampal microdialysate. Fibrinopeptide A was significantly upregulated in rats exposed to morphine and spontaneous alternation testing compared with rats exposed to saline and spontaneous alternation testing (P < 0.001), morphine alone (P < 0.01), or saline alone (P < 0.01), respectively. The increase in fibrinopeptide A in rats subjected to morphine and a memory task suggests that a complex interaction between fibrinogen and morphine takes place in the hippocampus.
Discrepancies in listed adverse drug reactions in pharmaceutical product information supplied by the regulatory authorities in Denmark and the USA
Authors: Eriksson Robert , Aagaard Lise , Jensen Lars Juhl , Borisova Liza , Hørlück Dorte , Brunak Søren , Hansen Ebba Holme 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPharmaceutical product information (PI) supplied by the regulatory authorities serves as a source of information on safe and effective use of drugs. The objectives of this study were to qualitatively and quantitatively compare PIs for selected drugs marketed in both Denmark and the USA with respect to consistency and discrepancy of listed adverse drug reaction (ADR) information. We compared individual ADRs listed in PIs from Denmark and the USA with respect to type and frequency. Consistency was defined as match of ADRs and of ADR frequency or match could not be ruled out. Discrepancies were defined as ADRs listed only in one country or listed with different frequencies. We analyzed PIs for 40 separate drugs from ten therapeutic groups and assigned the 4003 identified ADRs to System Organ Classes (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities [MedDRA] terminology). Less than half of listed ADRs (n = 1874; 47%) showed consistency. Discrepancies (n = 2129; 53%) were split into ADRs listed only in the USA (n = 1558; 39%), ADRs listed only in Denmark (n = 325; 8%) and ADRs listed with different frequencies (n = 246; 6%). The majority of listed ADRs were of the type “gastrointestinal disorders” and “nervous system disorders”. Our results show great differences in PIs for drugs approved in both Denmark and the USA illuminating concerns about the credibility of the publicly available PIs. The results also represent an argument for further harmonization across borders to improve consistency between authority‐supplied information.