bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of WRF-Predicted Near-Hub-Height Winds and Ramp Events over a Pacific Northwest Site with Complex Terrain
Authors: Yang Qing , Berg Larry K. , Pekour Mikhail , Fast Jerome D. , Newsom Rob K. , Stoelinga Mark , Finley Catherine 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOne challenge with wind-power forecasts is the accurate prediction of rapid changes in wind speed (ramps). To evaluate the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model's ability to predict such events, model simulations, conducted over an area of complex terrain in May 2011, are used. The sensitivity of the model's performance to the choice among three planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes [Mellor–Yamada–Janjić (MYJ), University of Washington (UW), and Yonsei University (YSU)] is investigated. The simulated near-hub-height winds (62 m), vertical wind speed profiles, and ramps are evaluated against measurements obtained from tower-mounted anemometers, a Doppler sodar, and a radar wind profiler deployed during the Columbia Basin Wind Energy Study (CBWES). The predicted winds at near–hub height have nonnegligible biases in monthly mean under stable conditions. Under stable conditions, the simulation with the UW scheme better predicts upward ramps and the MYJ scheme is the most successful in simulating downward ramps. Under unstable conditions, simulations using the YSU and UW schemes show good performance in predicting upward ramps and downward ramps, with the YSU scheme being slightly better at predicting ramps with durations longer than 1 h. The largest differences in mean wind speed profiles among simulations using the three PBL schemes occur during upward ramps under stable conditions, which were frequently associated with low-level jets. The UW scheme has the best overall performance in ramp prediction over the CBWES site when evaluated using prediction accuracy and capture-rate statistics, but no single PBL parameterization is clearly superior to the others when all atmospheric conditions are considered.
Development of Global Hourly 0.5° Land Surface Air Temperature Datasets
Authors: Wang Aihui , Zeng Xubin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Land surface air temperature (SAT) is one of the most important variables in weather and climate studies, and its diurnal cycle is also needed for a variety of applications. Global long-term hourly SAT observational data, however, do not exist. While such hourly products could be obtained from global reanalyses, they are found to be unrealistic in representing the SAT diurnal cycle.
Global hourly 0.5° SAT datasets are developed here based on four reanalysis products [Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA for 1979–2009), 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40 for 1958–2001), ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim for 1979–2009), and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis for 1948–2009)] and the Climate Research Unit Time Series version 3.10 (CRU TS3.10) for 1948–2009. The three-step adjustments include the spatial downscaling to 0.5° grid cells, the temporal interpolation from 6-hourly (in ERA-40 and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis) to hourly using the MERRA hourly SAT climatology for each day (and the linear interpolation from 3-hourly in ERA-Interim to hourly), and the bias correction in both monthly-mean maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) SAT using the CRU data.
The final products have exactly the same monthly Tmax and Tmin as the CRU data, and perform well in comparison with in situ hourly measurements over six sites and with a regional daily SAT dataset over Europe. They agree with each other much better than the original reanalyses, and the spurious SAT jumps of reanalyses over some regions are also substantially eliminated. One of the uncertainties in the final products can be quantified by their differences in the true monthly mean (using 24-hourly values) and the monthly averaged diurnal cycle.
Amplified Inception of European Little Ice Age by Sea Ice–Ocean–Atmosphere Feedbacks
Authors: Lehner Flavio , Born Andreas , Raible Christoph C. , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The inception of the Little Ice Age (~1400–1700 AD) is believed to have been driven by an interplay of external forcing and climate system internal variability. While the hemispheric signal seems to have been dominated by solar irradiance and volcanic eruptions, the understanding of mechanisms shaping the climate on a continental scale is less robust. In an ensemble of transient model simulations and a new type of sensitivity experiments with artificial sea ice growth, the authors identify a sea ice–ocean–atmosphere feedback mechanism that amplifies the Little Ice Age cooling in the North Atlantic–European region and produces the temperature pattern suggested by paleoclimatic reconstructions. Initiated by increasing negative forcing, the Arctic sea ice substantially expands at the beginning of the Little Ice Age. The excess of sea ice is exported to the subpolar North Atlantic, where it melts, thereby weakening convection of the ocean. Consequently, northward ocean heat transport is reduced, reinforcing the expansion of the sea ice and the cooling of the Northern Hemisphere. In the Nordic Seas, sea surface height anomalies cause the oceanic recirculation to strengthen at the expense of the warm Barents Sea inflow, thereby further reinforcing sea ice growth. The absent ocean–atmosphere heat flux in the Barents Sea results in an amplified cooling over Northern Europe. The positive nature of this feedback mechanism enables sea ice to remain in an expanded state for decades up to a century, favoring sustained cold periods over Europe such as the Little Ice Age. Support for the feedback mechanism comes from recent proxy reconstructions around the Nordic Seas.
An Application of Linear Programming to Polarimetric Radar Differential Phase Processing
Authors: Giangrande Scott E. , McGraw Robert , Lei Lei 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Differential phase and its range derivative KDP are of interest to several hydrological applications from weather radar systems. Despite the attractive qualities of polarimetric differential phase measurements, the usefulness of these radar measurements is potentially undermined as a consequence of measurement fluctuations and physical or beam geometry artifacts. This paper presents an application of linear programming for physical retrievals, here designed to improve estimates of differential propagation phase by allowing realistic physical constraints of monotonicity and polarimetric radar self-consistency. Results of the linear programming methods to the phase-processing problem are demonstrated at several common weather radar wavelengths (10, 5, and 3 cm).
Components of cognitive competence predictive of occupational competence in persons with dementia: A Delphi study
Authors: Zur Briana M. , Rudman Debbie Laliberte , Johnson Andrew M. , Roy Eric A. , Wells Jennie L. 
Published: May 2013

Background Within the area of dementia care, occupational therapists are asked to predict occupational competence in everyday living and often do so by assessing cognitive competence. Considering the cognitive changes that occur with dementia over time, the construct of cognitive competence is a key consideration. Still, a gap exists in the literature examining the relationship between cognitive competence and occupational competence. Purpose This study developed a consensus among participating Canadian occupational therapists regarding the components of cognitive competence they considered essential to predict occupational competence in people with dementia. Method A three-round Delphi study was completed with English- and French-speaking occupational therapists ( n = 127; 116; 125) experienced in dementia care. Findings Ten cognitive components were identified as essential to predict occupational competence in individuals with dementia. Implications The 10 identified components provide direction for assessment practices and education in dementia care and for development of measurement tools.
Working with transgender clients: Learning from physicians and nurses to improve occupational therapy practice
Authors: Beagan Brenda L. , Chiasson Alana , Fiske Cheryl A. , Forseth Stephanie D. , Hosein Alisha C. , Myers Marianne R. , Stang Janine E. 
Published: May 2013

Background Gender identity disorder and the process of transitioning involve both mental and physical health, yet there is virtually no discussion of transgender health care in occupational therapy. Purpose This study draws on interviews with primary-care nurses and physicians about their experience with transgender health care, extending the insights gleaned there to make suggestions for occupational therapy practice with this population. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 primary care nurses and 9 physicians who had clinical experience with lesbian, gay, and bisexual patients. Findings Participants felt uncertain about transgender care, wanting more specialized knowledge. Collaborating with patients, acknowledging stigma, ensuring inclusive systems and procedures, navigating health care, and providing holistic care emerged as key elements for best practice. Advocacy was a crucial part of care provision. Implications Suggestions are provided for therapists to ensure that space and interactions are welcoming to transgender clients as well as suggestions for occupational therapy intervention in the transitioning process.
Impact of Reinforcement of Diabetes Self-Care on Poorly Controlled Diabetes
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Fitzgerald Shane M. , Brooks Kelly M. , Hultgren Brittney A. , Ganda Om P. , Munshi Medha , Weinger Katie 
Published: May 2013

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the value of reinforcing diabetes self-management for improving glycemia and self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes who had at least 3 hours of prior diabetes education. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 134 participants (75% white, 51% female, 59 ± 9 years old, 13 ± 8 years with diabetes, A1C = 8.4% ± 1.2%) were randomized to either a group map-based program (intervention) or group education on cholesterol and blood pressure (control). Participants were assessed for A1C levels, diabetes self-care behaviors (3-day pedometer readings, 6-minute walk test, blood glucose checks, frequency of self-care), and psychosocial factors (distress, frustration, quality of life) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post intervention and health literacy at baseline. Results Groups did not differ on baseline characteristics including A1C levels, health literacy, or self-care; however, the intervention group had more years of education than controls. Intervention arm participants modestly improved A1C levels at 3 months post intervention but did not maintain that improvement at 6 and 12 months while control patients did not improve A1C levels at any time during follow-up. Importantly, frequency of self-reported self-care, diabetes quality of life, diabetes-related distress, and frustration with diabetes self-care improved in both groups over time. Conclusions Reinforcing self-care with diabetes education for patients who have not met glycemic targets helps improve A1C and could be considered a necessary component of ongoing diabetes care. The best method to accomplish reinforcement needs to be established.
Evaluation of a pro-active strategy for managing tuberculosis–HIV co-infection in a UK tertiary care setting
Authors: Wake R M , Poulikakos P , Groth J , Harrison T S , Macallan D C 
Published: May 2013

Summary Management of tuberculosis (TB)-HIV co-infection is complicated by interactions between the diseases and their therapies. We developed and evaluated a strategy to (i) treat co-infected patients in a single co-infection clinic, (ii) maximize use of first-line drugs, (iii) delay antiretroviral therapy (ART) until two months post-TB treatment except in severe immunosuppression, (iv) commence efavirenz at 600 mg daily with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and (v) target treatment completion. We conducted a prospective cohort review over 5.5 years in a UK tertiary referral center where 56 HIV-positive patients treated for TB were followed-up for a median 30 months. Main outcome measures were treatment completion, adverse events, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, immunological and virological parameters, and TDM for efavirenz. Treatment completion rates were 88% (49/56); four patients were lost to local follow-up and three (5.4%) died during treatment; no deaths were TB-related. Adverse events were common (55%), but caused no treatment interruptions. Standard doses (600 mg daily) of efavirenz with rifampicin achieved or exceeded therapeutic levels in 25/28 (89%). This study supports combined management for TB–HIV co-infected patients. Delaying ART to two months post-TB treatment did not seem to result in poor clinical outcomes in this well-resourced context. Although efavirenz 600 mg daily usually achieved satisfactory levels, TDM is recommended.
Multimodal imaging in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with diffuse neuropsychiatric involvement
Authors: Zivadinov R , Shucard JL , Hussein S , Durfee J , Cox JL , Bergsland N , Dwyer MG , Benedict RHB , Ambrus J , Shucard DW 
Published: May 2013

Objectives The objective of this paper is to investigate conventional and nonconventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with diffuse neuropsychiatric involvement (dNPSLE) compared to healthy controls (HCs). Methods Twenty-six (26) SLE patients with one or more diffuse NP syndromes related to the central nervous system (CNS) (dNPSLE) and 36 age- and sex-matched HCs were scanned on a 3T MRI using a multimodal imaging approach. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine MRI-specific measure differences between dNPSLE and HCs for lesion burden, tissue-specific atrophy, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) outcomes. Results In univariate analyses, dNPSLE patients showed significantly increased T1 lesion number ( p = .001) and T1-lesion volume (LV, p = .008) compared to HCs. dNPSLE patients showed decreased whole brain volume ( p < .0001), gray matter volume ( p < .0001), cortical volume ( p < .0001) and increased lateral ventricle volume ( p = .004) compared to HCs. dNPSLE patients had increased axial diffusivity (AD) of NAWM ( p = .008) and NA brain tissue ( p = .017) compared to HCs. In the multivariate regression analysis, decreased cortical volume was associated with SLE ( R2 = 0.59, p < .0001). Conclusions This study shows that cortical and central atrophy are associated with SLE patients with diffuse CNS syndromes. Microscopic tissue injury in the NAWM on AD DTI measures in SLE patients indicates a predominant reduction of axonal density.
Effects of Perinatal Testosterone on Infant Health, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Infant Development
Authors: Cho June , Holditch-Davis Diane 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Many researchers and health care providers have noticed male vulnerability in infant health, mother–infant interactions, and some infant cognitive development, especially among very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. However, factors beyond gender that could explain these observed differences have not been clear. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the subject and to introduce a conceptual framework relating these factors. Discussion: According to gender-difference theories, prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone may influence infant health and mother–infant interactions by negatively affecting infant cognitive/motor/language development. We constructed a conceptual framework based on the associations among biological (perinatal testosterone), stress-related (perinatal and maternal cortisol), and developmental (infant cognitive/motor/language skills) factors. If research establishes these biological, environmental, and developmental associations in mother–VLBW preterm pairs, the results will highlight the importance of addressing gender differences in nursing research and encourage the development of nursing interventions designed to reduce stress among mothers of VLBW preterm infants, particularly male infants. Conclusion: From a psychobiosocial perspective, combining biophysiological factors such as perinatal testosterone and cortisol with socioenvironmental factors such as the quality of mother–infant interactions and infant temperament may provide a broader view of gender differences in infant health and development.
Predictors of Running-Related Injuries Among 930 Novice Runners
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Oestergaard , Buist Ida , Parner Erik Thorlund , Nohr Ellen Aagaard , Sørensen Henrik , Lind Martin , Rasmussen Sten 
Published: May 2013

Background: To identify persons at high risk of sustaining running-related injuries, an evidence-based understanding of the risk factors associated with injury is needed. Purpose: To identify demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with running-related injuries. Study Design: Observational prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up. Methods: Exposures including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), behavior (Type A Self-Rating Inventory [TASRI]), running experience, other sports activity, previous running-related injuries, and other injuries not related to running were assessed prior to or at baseline. The outcome of interest was a running-related injury, defined as any musculoskeletal complaint of the lower extremity or back caused by running that restricted the amount of running (volume, duration, pace, or frequency) for at least 1 week. All participants quantified their running volume by global positioning system (GPS) and used a neutral running shoe. Time to first injury for each exposure variable was analyzed using a generalized linear model, with cumulative kilometers of the training sessions as the time scale. Results: A total of 930 individuals were included in the study, of which 254 sustained a running-related injury during a total of 155.318 km of running. By calculating the cumulative injury risk differences (cIRDs) [95% confidence intervals] after 500 km of running, the TASRI Type B behavior (cIRD, 11.9% [−0.5%; 23.3%]; P = .04) was found to be a significant predictor of injury, while age between 45 and 65 years (cIRD, 14.7% [−2.1%; 31.5%]; P = .08) and previous injuries not related to running (cIRD, 11.1% [−0.2%; 22.4%]; P = .05) were considered clinically interesting, although not statistically significant. In addition, χ2 test results across 4 BMI groups also revealed a borderline significant relationship ( P = .06). No significant or clinically relevant relationships were found for sex ( P = .42), previous running-related injury ( P = .47), running experience ( P = .30), and other sports activities ( P = .30). Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest BMI >30 kg/m2, age between 45 and 65 years, noncompetitive behavior, and previous injuries not related to running are associated with increased risk of injury among novice runners, while BMI <20 kg/m2 was protective. Still, the role of the risk factors in the causal mechanism leading to injury needs to be investigated.
Differences in Knee Kinematics Between Awake and Anesthetized Patients During the Lachman and Pivot-Shift Tests for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency
Authors: Matsushita Takehiko , Oka Shinya , Nagamune Kouki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Nishizawa Yuichiro , Hoshino Yuichi , Kubo Seiji , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: May 2013

Background: The Lachman and pivot-shift tests have been widely used for detecting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. However, it still remains unclear whether these manual tests can be quantified accurately while patients are awake. Purpose: To assess the differences in knee kinematics of awake and anesthetized patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 50 patients with unilateral ACL rupture were examined. Anteroposterior tibial translation was assessed using a KT-1000 arthrometer at maximal manual power. Anterior tibial translations during the manual Lachman test and the acceleration of tibial posterior translation (APT) during the pivot-shift test were also measured using an electromagnetic measurement system (EMS). All 3 measurements were performed on the day previous to surgery while the patients were awake and on the operative day before the surgery while the patients were under general anesthesia. Results: The mean side-to-side difference in anteroposterior tibial translation was 5.6 ± 2.6 mm in the awake state and 5.9 ± 3.5 mm under anesthesia, indicating a nonsignificant difference. According to the EMS, the mean side-to-side difference in anteroposterior tibial translation during the Lachman test was 4.6 ± 3.6 mm in the awake state and 6.9 ± 4.3 mm under anesthesia, indicating a significant difference ( P < .01). The mean APT during the pivot-shift test was −0.8 ± 0.3 m/s2 in intact knees and −1.1 ± 0.4 m/s2 in ACL-deficient knees when the patients were awake and was −0.7 ± 0.2 m/s2 and −1.7 ± 1.0 m/s2, respectively, when the patients were under anesthesia. In ACL-deficient knees, the APT pivot-shift test result was significantly higher when the patients were under anesthesia than when they were awake ( P < .01). Conclusion: In ACL-deficient knees, the knee kinematics during the Lachman and pivot-shift tests is significantly affected by patient consciousness, and caution is needed in quantifying anterior knee laxity during these tests when the patients are awake.
Foamy virus for efficient gene transfer in regeneration studies
Authors: Khattak Shahryar , Sandoval-Guzmán Tatiana , Stanke Nicole , Protze Stephanie , Tanaka Elly M , Lindemann Dirk 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Molecular studies of appendage regeneration have been hindered by the lack of a stable and efficient means of transferring exogenous genes. We therefore sought an efficient integrating virus system that could be used to study limb and tail regeneration in salamanders.

Results
We show that replication-deficient foamy virus (FV) vectors efficiently transduce cells in two different regeneration models in cell culture and in vivo. Injection of EGFP-expressing FV but not lentivirus vector particles into regenerating limbs and tail resulted in widespread expression that persisted throughout regeneration and reamputation pointing to the utility of FV for analyzing adult phenotypes in non-mammalian models. Furthermore, tissue specific transgene expression is achieved using FV vectors during limb regeneration.

Conclusions
FV vectors are efficient mean of transferring genes into axolotl limb/tail and infection persists throughout regeneration and reamputation. This is a nontoxic method of delivering genes into axolotls in vivo/ in vitro and can potentially be applied to other salamander species.