bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic farming and cover crops as an alternative to mineral fertilizers to improve soil physical properties
Authors: Sánchez de Cima Diego , Luik Anne , Reintam Endla 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
For testing how cover crops and different fertilization managements affect the soil physical properties in a plough based tillage system, a five-year crop rotation experiment (field pea, white potato, common barley undersown with red clover, red clover, and winter wheat) was set. The rotation was managed under four different farming systems: two conventional: with and without mineral fertilizers and two organic, both with winter cover crops (later ploughed and used as green manure) and one where cattle manure was added yearly. The measurements conducted were penetration resistance, soil water content, porosity, water permeability, and organic carbon. Yearly variations were linked to the number of tillage operations, and a cumulative effect of soil organic carbon in the soil as a result of the different fertilization amendments, organic or mineral. All the systems showed similar tendencies along the three years of study and differences were only found between the control and the other systems. Mineral fertilizers enhanced the overall physical soil conditions due to the higher yield in the system. In the organic systems, cover crops and cattle manure did not have a significant effect on soil physical properties in comparison with the conventional ones, which were kept bare during the winter period. The extra organic matter boosted the positive effect of crop rotation, but the higher number of tillage operations in both organic systems counteracted this effect to a greater or lesser extent.
Fertility treatment and dichorionic discordant twins – are they related?
Authors: Biron-Shental Tal , Many Ariel , Wiser Amir , Shechter-Maor Gil , Sukenik-Halevy Rivka , Berkovitz Arie 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objective:
This prospective cohort study evaluated the relationship between fertility treatments and the prevalence and outcomes of dichorionic discordant twins. This issue has gained importance due to twin gestations resulting from fertility treatments.

Study design:
Mothers of dichorionic twin pregnancies achieved in a single fertility clinic by assisted reproduction techniques, who had completed the first trimester of the pregnancy, were prospectively enrolled. Pregnancies with major fetal anomalies were excluded. Data regarding concordant and discordant twins based on the fertility treatments given to achieve the pregnancies were analyzed to determine the prevalence of discordance and pregnancy outcomes.

Results:
A total of 571 dichorionic twin pregnancies were available for evaluation. Fertility treatments modalities, sperm quality and implantation of cultured and thawed embryos did not influence the rate and severity of discordant twins. Increased hospitalization rates were found among discordant (n=108) compared to concordant (n=463) twins (47.2% vs. 31.3%, P<0.0001) and higher rates of betamethasone treatment (65.7% vs. 28.9%, P<0.0001). Secondary analysis of discordant pregnancies with a growth restricted twin, revealed the same results. We found no association between various fertility treatments and twin discordance.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that fertility treatments do not play a major role in the pervasiveness and outcome of discordant twin pregnancies.
17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency due to a R96Q mutation causing hypertension and poor breast development
Authors: Deeb Asma , Al Suwaidi Hana , Attia Salima , Al Ameri Ahlam 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Combined17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is a rare cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and hypogonadism. Hypertension and hypokalemia are essential presenting features. We report an Arab family with four affected XX siblings. The eldest presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a retroperitoneal malignant mixed germ cell tumour. She was hypertensive and hypogonadal. One sibling presented with headache due to hypertension while the other two siblings were diagnosed with hypertension on a routine school check. A homozygous R96Q missense mutation in P450c17 was detected in the index case who had primary amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual characters at 17 years. The middle two siblings were identical twins and had no secondary sexual characters at the age of 14. All siblings had hypokalemia, very low level of adrenal androgens, high ACTH and high levels of aldosterone substrates. Treatment was commenced with steroid replacement and puberty induction with estradiol. The index case had surgical tumor resection and chemotherapy. All siblings required antihypertensive treatment and the oldest remained on two antihypertensive medications 12 years after diagnosis. Her breast development remained poor despite adequate hormonal replacement. Combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is a rare condition but might be underdiagnosed. It should be considered in young patients presenting with hypertension, particularly if there is a family history of consanguinity and with more than one affected sibling. Antihypertensive medication might continue to be required despite adequate steroid replacement. Breast development may remain poor in mutations causing complete form of the disease.

Learning points

Endocrine hypertension due to rarer forms of CAH should be considered in children and adolescents, particularly if more than one sibling is affected and in the presence of consanguinity.

17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency is a rare form of CAH but might be underdiagnosed.

Blood pressure measurement should be carried out in all females presenting with hypogonadism.

Anti-hypertensive medications might be required despite adequate steroid replacement.

Initial presenting features might vary within affected members of the same family.

Adverse breast development might be seen in the complete enzyme deficiency forms of the disease.
Clinical Challenges on Adhesive Dentistry on its 60th Anniversary
Authors: Sartori Neimar 
Published: November 2015

<div><p>Adhesive dentistry allowed restoring lost tooth structures using Minimally Invasive direct or indirect bonded restorations. Adhesive systems and bonding techniques have been constantly evolving since the introduction of Sevriton Cavity Seal, in 1940 by Oskar Hagger. As we celebrate the 60th anniversary of adhesive dentistry in 2015 the future of the Minimally Invasive Adhesive Dentistry is more promising than ever. A better understanding of long-term resin-dentin bonds interaction is guiding the development of materials and techniques that overcome the limitation of current bonding agents and restorative procedures. A brief statement would be stated.</p><div> </div></div>
Evaluation of Marginal Seal and Microleakage of a Sealant Modified with Silver Nanoparticles in Primary Molars: In Vitro Study
Authors: Morales-Quiroga Elisa , Martínez-Zumarán Alan , Hernández-Sierra Juan Francisco , Pozos-Guillén Amaury 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>The objective of this study was to evaluate the marginal seal effectiveness and microleakage of a pit and fissure sealant containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). An experimental in vitro study was carried out using 40 extracted temporary molars without caries or incipient caries. These molars were divided into two groups: Group A (20 molars), to which a silver nanoparticle-containing sealant was applied, and Group B (20 molars), to which a conventional sealant was applied. The marginal seal and microleakage were evaluated. No significant differences in the marginal seal or microleakage were noted between the silver nanoparticle-containing sealant and the conventional sealant.The addition of AgNPs does not alter the adhesion or resistance of the sealant. </span></p>
Microbial Leakage of Enterococcus Faecalis of Temporary Restorative Materials in Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Meneses Guzmán José Pablo , Loaiza Azofeifa Evelyn 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any significant difference in average days of Enterococcus faecalis microleakage through the coronal seal of four temporary restorative materials used in endodontics , Cavit® (3M), Duotemp® (Coltène), Clip® (VOCO) y Cimpat L.C® (Septodont). Ninety caries free extracted human premolars were randomly divided into 4 groups after the coronal access preparation; Group 1. Cavit® , Group 2 Duotemp® , Group 3. Clip , Group 4 Cimpat and controls were not restored with any material. Each group were mounted in 24 sterile well plates. Each well contained 2 ml of broth with bromocresol purple indicator 1% glucose. All Samples, except negative controls, were inoculated with E. faecalis in saline 0.85% 10 ^ 6 U / ml. The groups were observed daily for 30 days to detect changes in the indicator color from purple to yellow. ®. Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used with a 95% of confidence. The average days Filtration of materials was 12.50 for Clip®, 12.83 for Cavit®, 13.44 for DuoTemp® and 14.44 for Cimpat LC®. The temporary restorative materials studied shows microbial leakage after 15 days. </span></p>
Herramientas de simulación libres y abiertas para el diseño de unidades de procesamiento de potencia para sistemas fotovoltaicos
Authors: Morales-Hernández Sergio , Meza-Benavides Carlos 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">Las fuentes de energía renovable, entre ellas la solar fotovoltaica, requieren de circuitos electrónicos que sirvan de interface entre el dispositivo transductor y el dispositivo o sistema que utilizará la energía. Más aún, la eficiencia energética y el costo del sistema se pueden ver comprometidos si este circuito electrónico no ha sido diseñado de forma apropiada. Dado que, por un lado, las características eléctricas de los dispositivos fotovoltaicos son no lineales y, por otro, los circuitos electrónicos más eficientes son naturalmente discontinuos, se requiere un análisis dinámico detallado que permita optimizar el diseño. Dicho análisis debe ser apoyado por herramientas informáticas de simulación. En este artículo se hace una comparación entre dos herramientas informáticas de simulación de sistemas dinámicos para determinar su utilidad en el proceso de diseño de sistemas fotovoltaicos, principalmente en lo que corresponde a las unidades de procesamiento de potencia. Utilizando como caso de estudio un sistema fotovoltaico para la carga de una batería, se determinó que la herramienta Scicoslab facilita la simulación de sistemas dinámicos complejos, presentes en las unidades de procesamiento de potencia de los sistemas fotovoltaicos. </p>
Diagnóstico agroecológico de la microcuenca periurbana Río Platanitos, Guatemala
Authors: Morales-Cayax Miguel Ángel , Vanegas-Chacón Eddi Alejandro , Bautista-Zúñiga Francisco 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las áreas geográficas de la microcuenca periurbana Río Platanitos, Guatemala, que por su condición, relevancia o importancia cultural requieren ser protegidas, conservadas o restauradas, utilizando para ello mapas interpretativos. La regionalización ecológica o ecoregionalización consiste en delimitar espacios geográficos relativamente homogéneos en función del medio físico y biológico, de tal manera que se pueda establecer una adecuada vinculación con el uso y apropiación del territorio por parte de la sociedad. La caracterización física se realizó sobre tres aspectos importantes: relieve, clima y suelos. </p><p class="p1">El mapa de las unidades morfométricas del relieve es la base y se obtuvo de forma semiautomatizada a partir de un modelo de elevación digital y un <span class="s1"><em>shape </em></span>de curvas. El Mapa de Zonas Agroecológicas es producto del cruce del mapa de unidades geomorfopedologicas (relieve + suelos) con el mapa de climas. El Mapa Cobertura Vegetal y Uso del Suelo se elaboró a partir de imágenes de satélite, realizando una clasificación supervisada, por medio de firmas espectrales. El Mapa de Paisajes es el resultado del cruce del mapa de Zonas Agroecológicas con el Cobertura Vegetal y Uso del suelo. </p><p class="p1">Se observa que, por su extensión, los paisajes más importantes en la microcuenca del Río Platanitos son los siguientes: </p><p class="p2">a. Planicie/Alfisoles/CB´ con Urbanización 20,49% </p><p class="p2">b. Montaña/Andisoles/BB´2 con Bosque mixto17,23% </p><p class="p2">c. Planicie/Alfisoles/CB´ con Agricultura anual 8,66% </p><p class="p2">d. Montaña/Andisoles/BB´2 con Agricultura permanente 8,13% </p><p class="p1">En la parte alta de la cuenca hay prevalencia de bosque mixto y agricultura permanente, mientras que en la parte media y baja se presenta mayor área de urbanización y agricultura anual. </p>
Educación ambiental para la conservación del recurso hídrico a partir del análisis estadístico de sus variables
Authors: Moreira-Segura Cristian , Araya-Rodríguez Freddy , Charpentier-Esquivel Claudia 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">Este artículo muestra los elementos principales que justifican y reafirman la necesidad de implementar una propuesta de educación ambiental tomando como punto de inicio y de finalización la comunidad. Para tal efecto se aplica un cuestionario a 262 pobladores de tres comunidades del la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. Estos habitantes son fuente de información y a la vez receptores de los productos generados en un proceso educativo y de investigación. En este documento se argumenta que un plan de educación ambiental para la conservación del agua debe de considerar variables como la disposición, el comportamiento y las competencias con el objeto de entender sus interrelaciones y cómo afectan la acción ambiental. El resultado obtenido indica que, aunque se tenga una disposición adecuada, las acciones ambientales a favor del recurso hídrico no se realizan; es decir, se carece de las competencias necesarias para llevarlas acabo. </p>
Investigation of the Association Between Cement Retention and Prevalent Peri‐Implant Diseases: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Zhang Lei , Gaillard Philippe , Raedel Michael , Walter Michael Horst , Konstantinidis Ioannis K. 
Published: November 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the association between retention type (cement‐retained versus screw‐retained restorations) and prevalence of peri‐implant diseases in a German university‐treated population.Methods: Data were analyzed from individuals that underwent clinical and radiographic peri‐implant examinations as part of a university‐based cross‐sectional study from September 2011 to October 2012.Results: Data from 139 individuals (mean age: 57.59 years) having 394 implants were analyzed: 192 implants supporting single crowns and 202 fixed partial dentures. Overall, 11.9% of the participants had peri‐implantitis, whereas 68.9% had peri‐implant mucositis. Crude odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis for cement‐ versus screw‐retained restorations were 1.43 (0.45, 4.60) and 0.89 (0.53, 1.48), respectively. Results remained non‐significant in multivariable models adjusting for type of restoration and smoking (all P values >0.50). There was also no effect of splinting restorations on disease prevalence in adjusted analyses (P values >0.32).Conclusions: In this university‐treated sample, there is no association between the type of prosthesis retention and peri‐implant diseases. Current findings show that, when appropriate selection and removal of cement is performed, cement retention is not a risk indicator for peri‐implant diseases.
Applications of Multi-Scale Imaging Techniques to Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Fogden Andrew , Goergen Eric , Olson Terri , Cheng Qianhao , Middleton Jill , Kingston Andrew , Curtis Mark , Jernigen Jeremy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Understanding and prediction of hydrocarbon transport within the matrix of unconventional tight reservoirs demands an integrated imaging strategy spanning from the smallest nanoscale pores to plug scale and beyond. Recent developments in multi-scale imaging are presented for Barnett shale samples to illustrate this approach to upscaling. The utility of micro-CT imaging for shales can be extended by X-ray contrast enhancement techniques coupled with tomogram registration. In particular, saturation of a shale plug with a highly attenuating liquid and subtraction of this tomogram from the registered dry-state tomogram yields a 3D voxel map of connected porosity over the plug. The same procedure can be applied to sub-plugs sampled from the parent plug to capture micron-scale variations in porosity. This approach does not directly provide the size, shape and connectivity of individual pores, since the vast majority of shale pores remain below tomogram resolution even for small sub-plugs. Two approaches to access this higher-order information are addressed. The first uses the state of the shale sub-plug saturated with X-ray dense liquid as the starting point for dynamic micro-CT imaging of the diffusion of a second, miscible, X-ray transparent liquid into the sub-plug. This can reveal the presence of faster pathways of transport through pores of larger size or lower tortuosity. The second approach involves broad beam ion-milling of the sub-plug for acquisition of 2D BSEM image mosaics and mineral maps, and their registration into the corresponding section of the 3D tomograms. This provides a registered basis for upscaling of transport properties, e.g. simulated from small FIB-SEM cubes, to sub-plug and in turn to plug via their micro-CT porosity maps. Very high resolution SEM imaging of broken surfaces can provide useful complementary information as to the finest scale of organic-hosted nanopores. The Barnett shale samples exhibited fairly homogeneous distributions of porosity on the plug and sub-plug scales, and also displayed relatively uniform diffusion across the sub-plug, suggesting that they are amenable to characterization and upscaling using only a limited set of parameters. This homogeneity is thought to be due in significant part to the predominance of organic-hosted porosity and to the structural uniformity of these nano-scale organic pore networks.
Speech auditory brainstem response audiometry in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Gabr Takwa Adly , Darwish Mohamad Elsayed 
Published: November 2015

Objective:
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit significantly delayed language development in the absence of any other abnormality. The aim of this study was to evaluate speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (c-ABRs) in normal children and those with SLI assuming timing differences between these two populations.

Study design:
Forty children aged 3–7 years with bilateral normal peripheral hearing, normal developmental milestones and IQ were divided into two groups: a control group (20 children with normal language development) and a study group (20 children with SLI). The study used full history, otological examination, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry and immittance measures. Click-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded first followed by recording of speech-evoked ABR (c-ABR) using CV speech syllable /da/.

Results:
There were significantly delayed latencies and reduced amplitudes of waves A, C, D, E, F and O components of c-ABR in the study group compared with the controls.

Conclusion:
Children with specific language impairment had abnormal encoding for speech.
Vagal schwannoma in parapharyngeal space -anatomical perspective
Authors: Mishra Suniti Raj , Singh Shailendra , Gautam Harendra Kumar , Singh Ashutosh , Pantola Chayanika , Kumar Sushobhana , Singh Rahul , Passey Jigyasa 
Published: November 2015

A rare case of Schwannoma of Vagus nerve in Parapharyngeal Space was admitted in Otolaryngology department of GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Schwannoma is a rare tumor in the Parapharyngeal Space. The patient was a 32 yr old male with chief complaints of difficulty in swallowing and swelling in the neck since last 4 years. On examination there was a firm swelling on right side of neck and uvula was deviated towards Left Side. On CT & MRI examination a heterogenous mass was seen in Parapharyngeal space. The case was diagnosed as a case of vagal schwannoma in parapharyngeal space. The tumor was surgically excised. Histopathological Examination revealed the Tumor as Schwannoma. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 100-103
Ischemic stroke following Dengue fever: A case report
Authors: Manappallil Robin George 
Published: November 2015

Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness associated with severe headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rashes, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Occasionally unusual haemorrhage such as gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage, hypermenorrhoea, hematuria and massive epistaxis occur. This is a case of an elderly male with dengue fever who presented with ischemic stroke. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 107-108
Assessment of age at menarche and its relation with body mass index in school girls of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shaik Shaffi A , Hashim Rotana T , Alsukait Sarah F , Abdulkader Gallia M , AlSudairy Haifa F , AlShaman Leena M , Farhoud Sarah S , Fouda Neel Mona A 
Published: November 2015

Aims and Objectives: Increase of childhood obesity prevalence and rapid changes in socio-economic status resulted in a decline in age at menarche, which contributes, to a number of diseases affecting women’s future health. The objective of this study is to assess the mean age at menarche in girls of ages 9-16 and observe its relationship with their body mass index and other covariates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 female students of both private and governmental schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during March –May 2013. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, physical activity, diet, and age at menarche were collected from students and their mothers, using self-administered questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted to collect the anthropometric measurements. Results: Out of 304 students with a mean age (SD) of 12.52(2.08), 165 (54.3%) attained menarche. Mean menarcheal age (SD) for the girls was 12.08 (1.28). The mother’s mean age at menarche was positively correlated with their daughters (r=0.411, P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between BMI and age at menarche (P>0.05). Governmental school students attained menarche at a higher age (12.34) than private school students (11.59), and the difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Schoolgirls in our study attained menarche at an early age with a mean menarcheal age of 12.08 years. Our data follows the globally and regionally observed declining trends of age at menarche. When assessing BMI as an influencing factor of onset of menarche, our results showed no correlation. Further longitudinal studies are encouraged to monitor factors influencing the onset of menstruation, in order to prevent the potentially adverse consequences of early menarche.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 5-12