bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength Recovery During Early Neuromuscular Rehabilitation After ACL Hamstring-Tendon Autograft Reconstruction
Authors: Harput Gulcan , Kilinc H. Erkan , Ozer Hamza , Baltaci Gul , Mattacola Carl G. 
Published: August 2015

Context:There is lack of information related to quadriceps and hamstring strength recovery during the early period of rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring-tendon graft (HTG).Objective:To investigate quadriceps and hamstring isometric strength at 4-, 8-, and 12-wk time points after ACLR and to document the strength changes of these muscles over time.Design:Longitudinal study.Participants:24 patients (age 28.1 ± 8.1 y) who underwent unilateral single-bundle anatomic ACLR with 4-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon graft.Main Outcome Measures:The isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at a 60° knee-flexion angle 4, 8, and 12 wk after surgery.Results:Quadriceps and hamstring strength significantly increased over time for both the involved limb (quadriceps F2,46 = 58.3, P < .001; hamstring F2,46 = 35.7, P < .001) and uninvolved limb (quadriceps F2,46 = 17.9, P < .001; hamstring F2,46 = 56.9, P = .001). Quadriceps and hamstring indexes significantly changed from 4 wk (QI 57.9, HI 54.4) to 8 wk (QI 78.8, HI 69.9) and from 8 wk to 12 wk (QI 82, HI 75.7) (P < .001); however, there was no difference between indexes at the 12-wk time point (P = .17).Conclusions:The results of this study serve as a reference for clinicians while directing a rehabilitation protocol for HTG ACLR patients to better appreciate expected strength changes of the muscles in the early phase of recovery.
Effects of a 4-Week Biomechanical Ankle Platform System Protocol on Balance in High School Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cain Mary Spencer , Garceau Stacy Watt , Linens Shelley W. 
Published: August 2015

Context:Chronic ankle instability (CAI) describes the residual symptoms present after repetitive ankle sprains. Current rehabilitation programs in the high school population focus on a multistation approach or general lower-extremity injury-prevention program. Specific rehabilitation techniques for CAI have not been established.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of a 4-wk biomechanical ankle platform system (BAPS) board protocol on the balance of high school athletes with CAI.Design:Randomized control trial.Setting:Athletic training facility.Patients:Twenty-two high school athletes with “giving way” and a history of ankle sprains (ie, CAI) were randomized into a rehabilitation (REH) (166.23 ± 0.93 cm, 67.0 ± 9.47 kg, 16.45 ± 0.93 y) or control (CON) (173.86 ± 8.88 cm, 84.51 ± 21.28 kg, 16.55 ± 1.29 y) group.Interventions:After baseline measures, the REH group completed a progressive BAPS rehabilitation program (3 times/wk for 4 wk), whereas the CON group had no intervention. Each session consisted of 5 trials of clockwise/counterclockwise rotations changing direction every 10 s during each 40-s trial. After 4 wk, baseline measurements were repeated.Main Outcome Measures:Dependent measures included longest time (time-in-balance test), average number of errors (foot lift test), average reach distance (cm) normalized to leg length for each reach direction (Star Excursion Balance Test [SEBT]), and fastest time (side hop test [SHT]).Results:Significant group-by-time interactions were found for TIB (F1,20 = 9.89, P = .005), FLT (F1,20 = 41.18, P < .001), SEBT-anteromedial (F1,20 = 5.34, P = .032), SEBT-medial (F1,20 = 7.51, P = .013), SEBT-posteromedial (F1,20 = 12.84, P = .002), and SHT (F1,20 = 7.50, P = .013). Post hoc testing showed that the REH group improved performance on all measures at posttest, whereas the CON group did not.Conclusion:A 4-wk BAPS rehabilitation protocol improved balance in high school athletes suffering from CAI. These results can allow clinicians to rehabilitate in a focused manner by using 1 rehabilitation tool that allows benefits to be accomplished in a shorter time.
Role of Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in the Early Diagnosis of Amphotericin B-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Rocha Paulo Novis , Macedo Michael Nascimento , Kobayashi Carla Dinamérica , Moreno Lis , Guimarães Luiz Henrique Santos , Machado Paulo Roberto Lima , Badaró Roberto , Carvalho Edgar M. , Glesby Marshall Jay 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Determination of the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level can be used to detect acute kidney injury (AKI) earlier than determination of the serum creatinine (SCr) level in settings such as cardiac surgery, contrast nephropathy, and intensive care units. We hypothesized that urine NGAL (UrNGAL) would be an early biomarker of drug nephrotoxicity. To test this, we studied hemodynamically stable patients treated with amphotericin B (AmB). We measured the SCr and UrNGAL levels at the baseline and daily after initiation of AmB up to day 14 or development of AKI by the use of the SCr criterion. AKI was defined according to a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criterion (an increase in the SCr level by ≥0.3 mg/dl within 48 h or an SCr level ≥1.5 times the baseline level within 7 days). We studied 24 patients with a mean age of 48.4 ± 16.4 years. Most patients were male, and the patients received AmB (12 received AmB deoxycholate and 12 received liposomal AmB) for the treatment of leishmaniasis (91.7%). Overall, 17/24 patients fulfilled a KDIGO criterion for AKI. Peak UrNGAL levels were higher in patients with AKI than in patients without AKI and in recipients of AmB deoxycholate than in recipients of liposomal AmB. The diagnostic performance of the UrNGAL level on day 5 for the detection of AKI was moderate, with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.95). In the subgroup receiving AmB deoxycholate, however, the AUC rose to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.67 to 1.00). In a patient-level analysis, we found that AKI could be detected 3.2 days earlier by the use of the UrNGAL criterion than by the use of the SCr criterion (times to AKI by the UrNGAL and SCr criteria, 3.7 ± 2.5 versus 6.9 ± 3.3 days, respectively;
P
= 0.001). Future studies should evaluate if a treatment strategy oriented toward evaluation of UrNGAL levels will improve outcomes. These findings for AmB-induced AKI in leishmaniasis patients could serve as a basis for the investigation of urine biomarkers in the early detection of drug nephrotoxicity in other clinical settings.
Discovery of a Novel Hepatovirus (
Phopivirus
of Seals) Related to Human Hepatitis A Virus
Authors: Anthony S. J. , St. Leger J. A. , Liang E. , Hicks A. L. , Sanchez-Leon M. D. , Jain K. , Lefkowitch J. H. , Navarrete-Macias I. , Knowles N. , Goldstein T. , Pugliares K. , Ip H. S. , Rowles T. , Lipkin W. I. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Describing the viral diversity of wildlife can provide interesting and useful insights into the natural history of established human pathogens. In this study, we describe a previously unknown picornavirus in harbor seals (tentatively named phopivirus) that is related to human hepatitis A virus (HAV). We show that phopivirus shares several genetic and phenotypic characteristics with HAV, including phylogenetic relatedness across the genome, a specific and seemingly quiescent tropism for hepatocytes, structural conservation in a key functional region of the type III internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), and a codon usage bias consistent with that of HAV.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an important viral hepatitis in humans because of the substantial number of cases each year in regions with low socioeconomic status. The origin of HAV is unknown, and no nonprimate HAV-like viruses have been described. Here, we describe the discovery of an HAV-like virus in seals. This finding suggests that the diversity and evolutionary history of these viruses might be far greater than previously thought and may provide insight into the origin and pathogenicity of HAV.
Development of a universal approach to increase physical activity among adolescents: the GoActive intervention
Authors: Corder Kirsten , Schiff Annie , Kesten Joanna M , van Sluijs Esther M F 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo develop a physical activity (PA) promotion intervention for adolescents using a process addressing gaps in the literature while considering participant engagement. We describe the initial development stages; (1) existing evidence, (2) large scale opinion gathering and (3) developmental qualitative work, aiming (A) to gain insight into how to increase PA among the whole of year 9 (13–14 years-old) by identifying elements for intervention inclusion (B) to improve participant engagement and (C) to develop and refine programme design.MethodsRelevant systematic reviews and longitudinal analyses of change were examined. An intervention was developed iteratively with older adolescents (17.3±0.5 years) and teachers, using the following process: (1) focus groups with (A) adolescents (n=26) and (B) teachers (n=4); (2) individual interviews (n=5) with inactive and shy adolescents focusing on engagement and programme acceptability. Qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsLimitations of the existing literature include lack of evidence on whole population approaches, limited adolescent involvement in intervention development, and poor participant engagement. Qualitative work suggested six themes which may encourage adolescents to do more PA; choice, novelty, mentorship, competition, rewards and flexibility. Teachers discussed time pressures as a barrier to encouraging adolescent PA and suggested between-class competition as a strategy. GoActive aims to increase PA through increased peer support, self-efficacy, group cohesion, self-esteem and friendship quality, and is implemented in tutor groups using a student-led tiered-leadership system.ConclusionsWe have followed an evidence-based iterative approach to translate existing evidence into an adolescent PA promotion intervention. Qualitative work with adolescents and teachers supported intervention design and addressed lack of engagement with health promotion programmes within this age group. Future work will examine the feasibility and effectiveness of GoActive to increase PA among adolescents while monitoring potential negative effects. The approach developed is applicable to other population groups and health behaviours.Trial registration numberISRCTN31583496.
Supervision of care networks for frail community dwelling adults aged 75 years and older: protocol of a mixed methods study
Authors: Verver Didi , Merten Hanneke , Robben Paul , Wagner Cordula 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionThe Dutch healthcare inspectorate (IGZ) supervises the quality and safety of healthcare in the Netherlands. Owing to the growing population of (community dwelling) older adults and changes in the Dutch healthcare system, the IGZ is exploring new methods to effectively supervise care networks that exist around frail older adults. The composition of these networks, where formal and informal care takes place, and the lack of guidelines and quality and risk indicators make supervision complicated in the current situation.Methods and analysisThis study consists of four phases. The first phase identifies risks for community dwelling frail older adults in the existing literature. In the second phase, a qualitative pilot study will be conducted to assess the needs and wishes of the frail older adults concerning care and well-being, perception of risks, and the composition of their networks, collaboration and coordination between care providers involved in the network. In the third phase, questionnaires based on the results of phase II will be sent to a larger group of frail older adults (n=200) and their care providers. The results will describe the composition of their care networks and prioritise risks concerning community dwelling older adults. Also, it will provide input for the development of a new supervision framework by the IGZ. During phase IV, a second questionnaire will be sent to the participants of phase III to establish changes of perception in risks and possible changes in the care networks. The framework will be tested by the IGZ in pilots, and the researchers will evaluate these pilots and provide feedback to the IGZ.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Scientific Committee of the EMGO+institute and the Medical Ethical review committee of the VU University Medical Centre. Results will be presented in scientific articles and reports and at meetings.
Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS II): protocol of a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Siddiqi Kamran , Huque Rumana , Jackson Cath , Parrott Steve , Dogar Omara , Shah Sarwat , Thomson Heather , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) increases children’s risk of acquiring chest and ear infections, tuberculosis, meningitis and asthma. Smoking bans in public places (where implemented) have significantly reduced adults’ exposure to SHS. However, for children, homes remain the most likely place for them to be exposed to SHS. Additional measures are therefore required to protect children from SHS. In a feasibility study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we have shown that a school-based smoke-free intervention (SFI) was successful in encouraging children to negotiate and implement smoking restrictions in homes. We will now conduct a pilot trial to inform plans to undertake a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of SFI in reducing children’s exposure to SHS.Methods and analysisWe plan to recruit 12 primary schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh. From these schools, we will recruit approximately 360 schoolchildren in year 5 (10–12 years old), that is, 30 per school. SFI consists of six interactive educational activities aimed at increasing pupils’ knowledge about SHS and related harms, motivating them to act, providing skills to negotiate with adults to persuade them not to smoke inside homes and helping families to ‘sign-up’ to a voluntary contract to make their homes smoke-free. Children in the control arm will receive the usual education. We will estimate: recruitment and attrition rates, acceptability, fidelity to SFI, effect size, intracluster correlation coefficient, cost of intervention and adverse events. Our primary outcome will consist of SHS exposure in children measured by salivary cotinine. Secondary outcomes will include respiratory symptoms, lung function tests, healthcare contacts, school attendance, smoking uptake, quality of life and academic performance.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has received ethics approval from the Research Governance Committee at the University of York. Findings will help us plan for the definitive trial.Trial registration numberISRCTN68690577.
Construction of a free Lévy process as high-dimensional limit of a Brownian motion on the unitary group
Authors: Ulrich Michaël 
Published: August 2015

It is well known that freeness appears in the high-dimensional limit of independence for matrices. Thus, for instance, the additive free Brownian motion can be seen as the limit of the Brownian motion on hermitian matrices. More generally, it is quite natural to try to build free Lévy processes as high-dimensional limits of classical matricial Lévy processes. We will focus here on one specific such construction, discussing and generalizing the work done previously by Biane in Ref.2, who has shown that the (classical) Brownian motion on the Unitary group U(d) converges to the free multiplicative Brownian motion when d goes to infinity. We shall first recall that result and give an alternative proof for it. We shall then see how this proof can be adapted in a more general context in order to get a free Lévy process on the dual group (in the sense of Voiculescu) U〈n〉. This result will actually amount to a truly noncommutative limit theorem for classical random variables, of which Biane's result constitutes the case n = 1.
Supporting High Performance Molecular Dynamics in Virtualized Clusters using IOMMU, SR-IOV, and GPUDirect
Authors: Younge Andrew J. , Walters John Paul , Crago Stephen P. , Fox Geoffrey C. 
Published: August 2015

Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service paradigms have recently shown their utility for a vast array of computational problems, ranging from advanced web service architectures to high throughput computing. However, many scientific computing applications have been slow to adapt to virtualized cloud frameworks. This is due to performance impacts of virtualization technologies, coupled with the lack of advanced hardware support necessary for running many high performance scientific applications at scale.
By using KVM virtual machines that leverage both Nvidia GPUs and InfiniBand, we show that molecular dynamics simulations with LAMMPS and HOOMD run at near-native speeds. This experiment also illustrates how virtualized environments can support the latest parallel computing paradigms, including both MPI+CUDA and new GPUDirect RDMA functionality. Specific findings show initial promise in scaling of such applications to larger production deployments targeting large scale computational workloads.
Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Colorectal Adenoma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Baiyu , Gross Myron D. , Fedirko Veronika , McCullough Marjorie L. , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. There is strong evidence that calcium reduces risk for colorectal neoplasms, possibly through its ability to bind bile acids and prevent their colonic toxicity (which occurs via an oxidative mechanism and results in an inflammatory response). In a previously reported pilot, randomized, controlled trial among sporadic colorectal adenoma patients we found that those on 2.0 g/day of calcium, relative to those on placebo, had an estimated drop in a combined cytokine z-score of 48% (P = 0.18) over 6 months. To follow-up these promising preliminary findings, we tested the efficacy of two doses of supplemental calcium (1.0 or 2.0 g/day) relative to placebo on modulating circulating biomarkers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and 10 cytokines] and oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) over a 4-month treatment period among 193 patients with previous sporadic, colorectal adenoma in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The inflammation markers were measured in plasma using electrochemiluminescence detection-based immunoassays, and F2-isoprostanes were measured in plasma using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Over a 4-month treatment period, we found no appreciable effects of calcium on CRP, cytokines, or F2-isoprostanes (P &gt; 0.4), overall or within strata of several major risk factors for colorectal carcinogenesis, such as body mass index and regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Overall, our results provide no evidence that calcium supplementation favorably modulates concentrations of circulating biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress over 4 months among patients with a previous colorectal adenoma. Cancer Prev Res; 8(11); 1069–75. ©2015 AACR.
Temporal variability in the antiplatelet effects of clopidogrel and aspirin after elective drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Stratz Christian , Leggewie Stefan , Hochholzer Willibald , Valina Christian M. , Gick Michael , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W. , Neumann Franz-Josef , Trenk Dietmar , Nührenberg Thomas G. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryGiven conflicting data on temporal variability in pharmacodynamic platelet responses to clopidogrel, we investigated platelet reactivity on clopidogrel and aspirin for up to six months after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents. Platelet reactivity was determined in 102 patients before loading with clopidogrel and aspirin, and on maintenance therapy after PCI on day 1, at one month and six months by VerifyNow™ P2Y12 and Aspirin assays and by residual platelet aggregation (RPA) on light transmission aggregometry using adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid. By VerifyNow testing, median (interquartile range) P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) on clopidogrel were 166 (90–234), 195 (124–257), and 198 (141–252) on day 1, one month and six months after PCI, respectively (p=0.005 day 1 to 1 month, and p=0.86 1 month to 6 months). Using a cut-off of > 208 PRU, 35% of patients had high platelet reactivity (HPR) to clopidogrel on day 1, 43% at one month, and 46% at six months after PCI. Between day 1 and six months after PCI, 38.2% of patients changed clopidogrel responder status at least once. Other cut-offs and RPA yielded similar results. Platelet inhibition by aspirin was consistent over time with only five patients being characterised as having HPR. Considerable variation in individual on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity was present during both the subacute and the late phases of maintenance therapy after elective PCI. Hence, the utility of contemporary platelet function testing to guide antiplatelet therapy may be limited.
Adenosine Triphosphate‐Sensitive Potassium Channel Kir Subunits Implicated in Cardioprotection by Diazoxide
Authors: Henn Matthew C. , Janjua M. Burhan , Kanter Evelyn M. , Makepeace Carol M. , Schuessler Richard B. , Nichols Colin G. , Lawton Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2015

Background

ATP‐sensitive potassium (

K
ATP

) channel openers provide cardioprotection in multiple models. Ion flux at an unidentified mitochondrial

K
ATP

channel has been proposed as the mechanism. The renal outer medullary kidney potassium channel subunit, potassium inward rectifying (Kir)1.1, has been implicated as a mitochondrial channel pore‐forming subunit. We hypothesized that subunit Kir1.1 is involved in cardioprotection (maintenance of volume homeostasis and contractility) of the

K
ATP

channel opener diazoxide (DZX) during stress (exposure to hyperkalemic cardioplegia [
CPG
]) at the myocyte and mitochondrial levels.

Methods and Results

Kir subunit inhibitor Tertiapin Q (TPN‐Q) was utilized to evaluate response to stress. Mouse ventricular mitochondrial volume was measured in the following groups: isolation buffer; 200 μmol/L of
ATP
; 100 μmol/L of DZX+200 μmol/L of
ATP
; or 100 μmol/L of DZX+200 μmol/L of
ATP
+TPN‐Q (500 or 100 nmol/L). Myocytes were exposed to Tyrode's solution (5 minutes), test solution (Tyrode's, cardioplegia [
CPG
],
CPG
+DZX,
CPG
+DZX+TPN‐Q, Tyrode's+TPN‐Q, or
CPG
+TPN‐Q), N=12 for all (10 minutes); followed by Tyrode's (5 minutes). Volumes were compared. TPN‐Q, with or without DZX, did not alter mitochondrial or myocyte volume. Stress (
CPG
) resulted in myocyte swelling and reduced contractility that was prevented by DZX. TPN‐Q prevented the cardioprotection afforded by DZX (volume homeostasis and maintenance of contractility).

Conclusions
TPN‐Q inhibited myocyte cardioprotection provided by DZX during stress; however, it did not alter mitochondrial volume. Because TPN‐Q inhibits Kir1.1, Kir3.1, and Kir3.4, these data support that any of these Kir subunits could be involved in the cardioprotection afforded by diazoxide. However, these data suggest that mitochondrial swelling by diazoxide does not involve Kir1.1, 3.1, or 3.4.