bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel electroencephalography‐based tool for objective assessment of network dynamics activated by nociceptive stimuli
Authors: Reches A. , Nir R.‐R. , Shram M.J. , Dickman D. , Laufer I. , Shani‐Hershkovich R. , Stern Y. , Weiss M. , Yarnitsky D. , Geva A.B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundPain perception is typically assessed using subjective measures; an objective measure of the response to pain would be valuable. In this study, Brain Network Activation (BNA), a novel multivariate pattern analysis and scoring algorithm, was applied to event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited by cortical responses to brief heat stimuli. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the utility of BNA as a quantitative and qualitative measure of cortical response to pain.MethodsContact Heat Evoked Potentials (CHEPs) data were collected from 17 healthy, right‐handed volunteers (10 M, 7F) using 5 different temperatures (35, 41, 46, 49 and 52 °C). A set of spatio‐temporal activity patterns common to all the subjects in the group (Reference Brain Network Model; RBNM) was generated using the BNA algorithm, based on evoked responses at 52 °C.ResultsFrame by frame ‘unfolding’ of the brain network across time showed qualitative differences between responses to painful and non‐painful stimuli. Brain network activation scores were shown to be a better indicator of the individual's sensitivity to pain when compared to subjective pain ratings. Additionally, BNA scores correlated significantly with temperature, demonstrated good test–retest reliability, as well as a high degree of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in correctly categorizing subjects who reported stimuli as painful.ConclusionsThese results may provide evidence that the multivariate analysis performed with BNA may be useful as a quantitative, temporally sensitive tool for assessment of pain perception.
Acoustic flows in viscous fluid: a lattice Boltzmann study
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Peng , Ren Hu 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAcoustic waves (or oscillating flows) cause both periodic flow and steady streaming around an obstacle. The nonlinear characteristic of such flows further induces acoustic radiation forces exerting on the surface of the obstacle, which is efficient to levitate or manipulate small partials. Two‐dimensional lattice Boltzmann methods are applied to simulate the flows around cylinders in acoustic standing waves with moderate viscosity. Multiple relaxation time model coupled with far‐field absorbing condition is applied. Our results show recirculating leading order flow in the Stokes layer with a characteristic velocity predicted by potential flow. The consequent Reynolds stresses induce two kinds of patterns of first‐order steady streaming, namely, single and double layer streamings, respectively, according to the strength of the viscous effects. Compared with the theoretical analysis, the lattice Boltzmann simulation is accurate for both radiation forces and flow fields. Both numerical results and scaling analysis show that the viscous drag is linearly proportional to the thickness of the penetration depth, which is coincident with the low viscous cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of dementia in East Asia: a synthetic review of time trends
Authors: Wu Yu‐Tzu , Brayne Carol , Matthews Fiona E. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThis study aims to synthesise evidence on time trends of dementia prevalence in East Asian countries including Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan and assess the impact of the societal changes on future prevalence.MethodRelevant reviews and recent nationwide studies in East Asia were identified to investigate changes in prevalence of dementia over time taking into account the potential impact of methodological factors and study designs.ResultsThe robust evidence that has been interpreted to suggest a substantial increasing trend over time is less compelling once fundamental differences in study methods and populations across individual surveys are considered. In Japan, longitudinal studies in small areas suggest the potential increase of prevalence after 2000. Increasing trends in China, South Korea and Taiwan over the last 20–30 years are based on the literature review without adjustment for methodological differences. Economic development and huge societal changes alongside the rise of non‐communicable disease in East Asia could lead to increasing prevalence of dementia in the future once those cohorts with high risk of dementia reached their older age.ConclusionCurrent evidence is not sufficient to suggest increasing trends of dementia prevalence in East Asia. Longitudinal studies with representative samples and stable methodology are needed to provide fundamental information of the epidemiology of dementia and identify important risk factors in East Asian societies. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Safety data on 19 vehicles for use in 1 month oral rodent pre‐clinical studies: administration of hydroxypropyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin causes renal toxicity
Authors: Healing Guy , Sulemann Tabassum , Cotton Peter , Harris Jayne , Hargreaves Adam , Finney Rowena , Kirk Sarah , Schramm Carolin , Garner Clare , Pivette Perrine , Burdett Lisa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPotential new drugs are assessed in pre‐clinical in vivo studies to determine their safety profiles. The drugs are formulated in vehicles suitable for the route of administration and the physicochemical properties of the drug, aiming to achieve optimal exposure in the test species. The availability of safety data on vehicles is often limited (incomplete data, access restricted/private databases). Nineteen potentially useful vehicles that contained new and/or increased concentrations of excipients and for which little safety data have been published were tested. Vehicles were dosed orally once daily to HanWistar rats for a minimum of 28 days and a wide range of toxicological parameters were assessed. Only 30% (w/v) hydroxypropyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin was found unsuitable owing to effects on liver enzymes (AST, ALT and GLDH), urinary volume and the kidneys (tubular vacuolation and tubular pigment). 20% (v/v) oleic acid caused increased salivation and hence this vehicle should be used with caution. As 40% (v/v) tetraethylene glycol affected urinary parameters, its use should be carefully considered, particularly for compounds suspected to impact the renal system and studies longer than 1 month. There were no toxicologically significant findings with 10% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide, 20% (v/v) propylene glycol, 33% (v/v) Miglyol®812, 20% (w/v) Kolliphor®RH40, 10% (w/v) Poloxamer 407, 5% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 or 10% (v/v) Labrafil®M1944. All other vehicles tested caused isolated or low magnitude effects which would not prevent their use. The aim of sharing these data, including adverse findings, is to provide meaningful information for vehicle selection, thereby avoiding repetition of animal experimentation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MYB rearrangement and clinicopathologic characteristics in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Rettig Eleni M. , Tan Marietta , Ling Shizhang , Yonescu Raluca , Bishop Justin A. , Fakhry Carole , Ha Patrick K. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesSalivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is rare, aggressive, and challenging to treat. Many ACCs have a t(6;9) chromosomal translocation resulting in a MYB‐NFIB fusion gene, but the clinical significance is unclear. The purposes of this study were to describe the clinicopathologic factors impacting survival and to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of MYB‐NFIB fusion.Study DesignCase series.MethodsMedical records of patients treated for ACC of the head and neck from 1974 to 2011 were reviewed and clinicopathologic data recorded. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect MYB rearrangement in archival tumor tissue as a marker of MYB‐NFIB fusion.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐eight patients were included, with median follow‐up 75.1 months. Median overall survival was 171.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] = 131.9–191.6), and median disease‐free survival was 112.0 months (95% CI = 88.7–180.4). Advanced stage was associated with decreased overall survival (adjusted ptrend < 0.001), and positive margins were associated with decreased disease‐free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 8.80, 95% CI = 1.25–62.12, P = 0.029). Ninety‐one tumors were evaluable using FISH, and 59 (65%) had evidence of a MYB‐NFIB fusion. MYB‐NFIB positive tumors were more likely than MYB‐NFIB negative tumors to originate in minor salivary glands (adjusted prevalence ratios = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07–2.12, P = 0.019). MYB‐NFIB tumor status was not significantly associated with disease‐free or overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.77–3.02, P = 0.22 and HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.46–1.83, P = 0.80, respectively, for MYB‐NFIB positive compared with MYB‐NFIB negative tumors).ConclusionStage and margin status were important prognostic factors for ACC. Tumors with evidence of MYB‐NFIB fusion were more likely to originate in minor salivary glands, but MYB‐NFIB tumor status was not significantly associated with prognosis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:E292–E299, 2015
Intermittent stretching induces fibrosis in denervated rat muscle
Authors: Faturi Fernanda M. , Franco Rúbia C. , Gigo‐Benato Davilene , Turi Andriette C. , Silva‐Couto Marcela A. , Messa Sabrina P. , Russo Thiago L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Stretching (St) has been used for treating denervated muscles. However, its effectiveness and safety claims require further study. Methods: Rats were divided into: (1) those with denervated (D) muscles, evaluated 7 or 15 days after sciatic nerve crush injury; (2) those with D muscles submitted to St during 7 or 15 days; and (3) those with normal muscles. Muscle fiber cross‐sectional area, serial sarcomere number, sarcomere length, and connective tissue density were measured. MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TGF‐β1, and myostatin mRNAs were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity was evaluated by zymography. Collagen I was localized using immunofluorescence. Results: St did not prevent muscle atrophy due to denervation, but it increased fibrosis and collagen I deposition at day 15. St also upregulated MMP‐9 and TGF‐β1 gene expressions at day 7, and myostatin at day 15. Conclusions: Stretching denervated muscle does not prevent atrophy, but it increases fibrosis via temporal modulation of TGF‐β1/myostatin and MMP‐9 cascades. Muscle Nerve 53: 118–126, 2016
An economic mechanism for request routing and resource allocation in hybrid CDN–P2P networks
Authors: Garmehi Mehran , Analoui Morteza , Pathan Mukaddim , Buyya Rajkumar 
Published: May 2015

SummaryHybrid content delivery networks (HCDN) benefit from the complementary advantages of P2P (Peer to Peer) networks and CDNs (Content Delivery Network). In order to extend a traditional CDN and enable it to offer hybrid content delivery service, we have modified a traditional domain name system‐based request routing mechanism. The proposed scheme relies on an oligopolistic mechanism to balance the load on the edge servers and employs a truthful profit‐maximizing auction to maximize the contribution of users in the P2P content delivery. In particular, economics of content delivery in HCDNs is studied, and it is shown that through our request routing mechanism, it is possible to deliver higher quality of service to majority of end‐users, increase the net profit of the HCDN provider and decrease the content distribution cost at the same time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peculiarities of defect generation under injection current in LEDs based on group‐III nitride3N nanostructures
Authors: Shmidt Natalia , Shabunina Evgeniia , Usikov Alexander , Chernyakov Anton , Kurin Sergey , Helava Hikki , Makarov Yuri 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that, along with well‐known mechanisms of defect generation (DG) under injection current in fabricated UV‐ and commercial blue‐LED chips based on A3N nanostructures, other defect generation mechanisms are possible in local regions. Aging experiments performed simultaneously with analysis of evolution of I‐V characteristics at U < 2 V and spectral noise density dependences on current density, revealed DG with participation of multi‐phonon recombination of carriers in an extended defect system and local regions of random alloy fluctuations enriched by metallic atoms (Ga or In). (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Materials characterization and device analysis for evaluation of semiconductor processes by highly‐sophisticated photoelastic stress measurement technique
Authors: Herms Martin , Wagner Matthias , Molchanov Alexander , Lin Pinyen , Wolf Ingrid De , Zhao Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSIRD (Scanning Infrared Depolarization Imager) and SIREX (Scanning Infrared Stress Explorer) are measurement systems to evaluate and visualize the stress distribution in semiconductor materials and devices. Some main fields of application are crystal growth, high temperature processing of silicon wafers as well as the 3D‐structuring of silicon‐based microelectronic devices. The used strategies of measurement are different. SIRD and SIREX are equipped with versatile software packages that allow to separate defect‐related stress states of interest, for instance slip‐lines in GaN‐overgrown silicon. Micro‐holes fabricated for wafer marking and 3D TSV (through silicon vias) structures have been analyzed with micrometer resolution. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First step towards preserving the privacy of cloud‐based IDS security policies
Authors: Kurek Tytus , Lason Artur , Niemiec Marcin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTraditional intrusion detection systems, managed by organizations themselves, have already evolved towards cloud architectures. While benefitting from all the advantages of the cloud computing paradigm, they are also suffering from one of its main drawbacks—privacy issues. As intrusion detection system security policies expose critical information regarding the organization such as vulnerabilities, sharing this information with cloud service providers raises serious privacy concerns. The following paper proposes and presents three novel solutions as a first step towards preserving the privacy of cloud‐based intrusion detection system security policies. All the solutions utilize hybrid cloud architecture, as this is a leading trend in the cloud‐based intrusion detection systems market, and share the concept of performing the most computationally expensive operations, which are pattern‐matching operations, in the public cloud. By taking the final decision regarding network packets in the private cloud on customer premises, the desired level of privacy is provided. Experimental results, received as an output from the performed simulations, confirm that all the presented solutions are efficient enough for the deployment of cloud‐based intrusion detection systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological and functional carotid vessel wall properties in relation to cerebral white matter lesions in myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Kröner E.S.J. , van der Grond J. , Westenberg J.J.M. , van der Wall E.E. , Siebelink H.-M.J. , Lamb H.J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objective
Atherosclerotic large vessel disease is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease related to occurrence of white matter lesions (WMLs) in the brain. We aimed to assess morphological and functional carotid vessel wall properties in relation to WML using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in myocardial infarction (MI) patients.

Materials and methods
A total of 20 MI patients (90 % male, 61 ± 11 years) underwent carotid artery and brain MRI. Carotid vessel wall thickness (VWT) was assessed, by detecting lumen and outer wall contours. Carotid pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of elasticity, was determined using the transit-time method. Patients were divided according to the median VWT into two groups. Brain MRI allowed for the WML score.

Results
Mean VWT was 1.41 ± 0.29 mm and mean carotid PWV was 7.0 ± 2.2 m/s. A significant correlation (Pearson r = 0.45, p = 0.046) between VWT and PWV was observed. Furthermore, in the group of high VWT, the median WML score was higher as compared with the group with lower VWT (4.0 vs 3.0, p = 0.035).

Conclusions
Carotid artery morphological and functional alterations are correlated in MI patients. Patients with high VWT showed a higher amount of periventricular WMLs. These findings support the hypothesis that atherosclerotic large vessel disease is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease.
Bayesian Population Forecasting: Extending the Lee-Carter Method
Authors: Wiśniowski Arkadiusz , Smith Peter W. F. , Bijak Jakub , Raymer James , Forster Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this article, we develop a fully integrated and dynamic Bayesian approach to forecast populations by age and sex. The approach embeds the Lee-Carter type models for forecasting the age patterns, with associated measures of uncertainty, of fertility, mortality, immigration, and emigration within a cohort projection model. The methodology may be adapted to handle different data types and sources of information. To illustrate, we analyze time series data for the United Kingdom and forecast the components of population change to the year 2024. We also compare the results obtained from different forecast models for age-specific fertility, mortality, and migration. In doing so, we demonstrate the flexibility and advantages of adopting the Bayesian approach for population forecasting and highlight areas where this work could be extended.
THE CONGO OF EUROPE: THE BALKANS AND EMPIRE IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITISH POLITICAL CULTURE
Authors: PERKINS JAMES 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article explores early twentieth-century British political and humanitarian engagement with the Balkans. It focuses on the Balkan Committee, a liberal pressure group that served as the main hub for British interest in the region in the decade before the First World War. Whilst drawing attention to the specific challenges presented by the Balkans to the British liberal mind, it is argued that the Balkan Committee was part of a wider movement of humanitarianism and political activism that encompassed both continental and colonial questions. The issues around which the committee campaigned are related to humanitarian protests against the use of forced labour in Africa, in particular the Congo Reform Association, as well as to the Persia Committee, formed in protest against the 1907 Anglo-Russian agreement. This approach highlights how ‘Europe’ and empire were interconnected agendas within an overarching liberal-internationalist worldview and reformist conscience, despite the different cultural lenses through which humanitarian questions in different parts of the globe were viewed. It is suggested that research into British interaction with the Balkans offers a fruitful means by which to integrate historical analysis of the continental and imperial aspects of Britain's external relations in the ‘age of empire’.
BORDERING AND FRONTIER-MAKING IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH INDIA
Authors: SIMPSON THOMAS 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom the 1820s to the 1850s, the British Indian state undertook its final major phase of expansion to assume the approximate geographical extent it retained until its demise in 1947. It confronted at its north-eastern and north-western outskirts seemingly intractable mountains, deserts, and jungles inhabited by apparently stateless ‘tribal’ peoples. In its various attempts to comprehend and deal with these human and material complexities, the colonial state undertook projects of spatial engagement that were often confused and ineffective. Efforts to produce borders and frontier areas to mark the limits of administered British India were rarely authoritative and were reworked by colonial officials and local inhabitants alike. Bringing together diverse examples of bordering and territory-making from peripheral regions of South Asia that are usually treated separately lays bare the limits of the colonial state's power and its ambivalent attitude towards spatial forms and technologies that are conventionally taken to be key foundations of modern states. These cases also intervene in the burgeoning political geography literature on boundary-making, suggesting that borders and the territories they delimit are not stable objects but complex and fragmented entities, performed and contested by dispersed agencies and therefore prone to endless fluctuation.
POLICING PEDDLERS: THE PROSECUTION OF ILLEGAL STREET TRADE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY DUTCH TOWNS
Authors: VAN DEN HEUVEL DANIELLE 
Published: May 2015

AbstractStreet vending was a common feature in many towns in early modern Europe. However, peddlers and hawkers often operated outside the official framework, lacking permission from governments and guilds. The impact of their informal status has hitherto not featured very extensively in historical studies. This article assesses the impact of policing of street vendors by looking at familiar source materials in a new way. Rather than solely focusing on those people who were ultimately punished, this article investigates the full process of policing and prosecution of street traders in eighteenth-century Dutch towns. It exposes that apart from those receiving a formal punishment, many more traders could suffer from policing activities, and that particular groups of street vendors were more vulnerable than others due to the specific dynamics of local power relations. As such, this article provides new insights into policing and social control, while also offering wider lessons for our understanding of the relationship between the formal and informal economy in pre-industrial Europe.
The formation of public-private partnerships in China: an institutional perspective
Authors: Zhang Yanlong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study offers a sociopolitical perspective on the worldwide diffusion of liberalisation reforms in infrastructure industries. It unpacks the heterogeneity in the extent to which the private sector is allowed to participate in these industries through an analysis of the formation of public-private partnerships in Chinese cities. This study considers the effects of horizontal and vertical diffusion mechanisms on the adoption of different types of public-private partnerships in different infrastructure sectors. An analysis of projects with private participation in 333 Chinese cities between 1992 and 2008 reveals that the spatial effects appear to be significantly modulated when the influence from structurally equivalent peer cities are considered; moreover, the effects of the vertical diffusion mechanisms are moderated by the liberalisation index of the contract forms, and the horizontal diffusion mechanisms are moderated by the marketability of the infrastructure segments.
A defence of participation income
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Cristian 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article offers a novel defence of participation income (PI). It claims that there are pragmatic and normative reasons to prefer PI over alternative redistributive policies, such as an unconditional basic income and workfare programmes. In particular, it argues that PI should be conceived as a particular type of civic service programme designed to address a large number of unmet social needs that are not met by entrepreneurs in the marketplace. The article ends by addressing five objections that can be raised against its argument.