bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living at home with eating difficulties following stroke: a phenomenological study of younger people's experiences
Authors: Klinke Marianne E , Hafsteinsdóttir Thóra B , Thorsteinsson Björn , Jónsdóttir Helga 
Published: November 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore and describe the experience of eating and eating‐related difficulties in stroke survivors living at home.BackgroundThe ability to consume food and to take pleasure in eating is an essential part of life. For people with stroke, eating difficulties are frequent. A phenomenological perspective of stroke survivors' experience of eating difficulties exceeding the acute stroke event and in‐hospital rehabilitation is missing.DesignA qualitative study founded on the Husslarian descriptive phenomenology.MethodsColaizzi's seven phases of data analysis provided a systematic approach to explore 17 in‐depth interviews from seven participants and how eating difficulties influenced their daily lives.ResultsEating difficulties revealed themselves in participants' relationship with the outer world in far‐reaching disruptions of habits, capacities and actions. Four key themes illuminating the eating difficulties emerged: (1) preserving dignity by not conveying serious problems, (2) staying vigilant to bodily limitations, (3) stepping out of the security zone and (4) moving on without missing out. The findings exposed that eating difficulties might not only lead to serious consequences such as malnutrition but also, and equally importantly, lead to losses in the existential, social and cultural lifeworld.ConclusionsThe experience of eating difficulties entails an ongoing readjustment process, which is strongly influenced by interactions with other people. The findings suggest that individualised long‐term support is needed to facilitated the use of helpful strategies to manage eating difficulties.Relevance to clinical practiceThe long‐term losses that people with eating difficulties experience are not reflected in conventional screening tools and interventions. To avoid haphazard identification presupposes professional knowledge of how eating difficulties are woven into daily life. This knowledge may inform innovative nursing strategies reaching beyond immediate rehabilitation. Partnership‐based practice may provide an important framework to establish unique needs and to mobilise relevant actions and resources.
Bioequivalence of Orally Administered Generic, Compounded, and Innovator‐Formulated Itraconazole in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Mawby D.I. , Whittemore J.C. , Genger S. , Papich M.G. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundItraconazole is commonly used to treat systemic fungal infections in dogs, but problems exist with absorption and cost.ObjectiveTo determine oral bioequivalence of generic and compounded itraconazole compared to original innovator (brand name) itraconazole in healthy dogs.AnimalsNine healthy, adult research Beagle dogs.MethodsA randomized, 3‐way, 3‐period, crossover design with an 8‐day washout period. After a 12‐hour fast, each dog received 100 mg (average: 10.5 mg/kg) of either innovator itraconazole, an approved human generic capsule, or compounded itraconazole (compounded using a commercially available compounding vehicle) with a small meal. Plasma was collected at predetermined intervals for high pressure liquid chromatography analysis. Concentration data were analyzed using noncompartmental pharmacokinetics to determine area under the curve (AUC), peak concentration (CMAX), and terminal half‐life. Bioequivalence tests compared generic and compounded itraconazole to the reference formulation.ResultsAverage ratios of compounded and generic formulations to the reference formulation of itraconazole for AUC were 5.52% and 104.2%, respectively, and for CMAX were 4.14% and 86.34%, respectively. A test of bioequivalence using 2 one‐sided tests and 90% confidence intervals did not meet bioequivalence criteria for either formulation.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceNeither generic nor compounded itraconazole is bioequivalent to the reference formulation in dogs. However, pharmacokinetic data for generic formulation were similar enough that therapeutic concentrations could be achieved. Compounded itraconazole produced such low plasma concentrations, it is unlikely to be effective; therefore, compounded itraconazole should not be used in dogs.
Signalment, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnostic Findings in 122 Dogs with Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula
Authors: Mauler D.A. , De Decker S. , De Risio L. , Volk H.A. , Dennis R. , Gielen I. , Van der Vekens E. , Goethals K. , Van Ham L. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundMost information about spinal arachnoid diverticula (SADs) in dogs has been retrieved from relatively small case series. The aim of this study was to describe this disease in a larger number of dogs.ObjectivesDescription of the signalment, clinical presentation, and imaging findings of a large number of dogs withSADs.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐two dogs withSADs.MethodsRetrospective case series study. All medical records were searched for a diagnosis ofSAD. The diagnosis was made based on myelography, computed tomography myelography (CT‐m), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsIn the 122 dogs, 125SADs were identified. Sixty‐five were located in the cervical region and 60 in the thoracolumbar region. A higher body weight was significantly associated with a cervical localization of theSAD(P < .001). Ninety‐five dogs were male and 27 dogs were female. Male dogs were significantly overrepresented (P < .0001). The most commonly affected breed was the Pug dog. Previous or concurrent spinal disorders, in the near proximity of the diagnosedSAD, were seen in 26 dogs. Eight of 13 French Bulldogs and 7 of 21 Pug dogs withSADs had a previous or concurrent spinal disease, whereas other spinal disorders occurred in only 1 of 17 Rottweilers withSADs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePug dogs and French Bulldogs might have a predisposition forSADdevelopment. In a large percentage of these dogs, a concurrent spinal disorder, which might predispose toSADformation, was diagnosed. The high prevalence in male dogs warrants further investigation.
Psychosocial functioning is correlated with activation in the anterior cingulate cortex and left lateral prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task in euthymic bipolar disorder: A preliminary fMRI study
Authors: Yoshimura Yasushi , Okamoto Yasumasa , Onoda Keiichi , Okada Go , Toki Shigeru , Yoshino Atsuo , Yamashita Hidehisa , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: November 2013

AimCognitive impairment may account for functional and occupational disability in patients with bipolar disorder even during periods of euthymia. While imaging suggests structural, neurochemical, and functional abnormalities in bipolar disorder patients, the pathophysiology of these deficits has not been elucidated. It was hypothesized that euthymic bipolar patients would have different cortical activation during a verbal fluency task compared to healthy controls, and that psychosocial functioning would be associated with prefrontal cortical activation during the task in the bipolar group.MethodsTen euthymic bipolar patients and 10 healthy control participants (matched for age, gender, and years of education) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a verbal fluency task, tapping task and visual task. Correlational analysis between the fMRI brain activation and clinical variables of the participants, including Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, was performed.ResultsCompared to the controls, euthymic bipolar patients had significantly greater activation in the bilateral precuneus with similar behavioral performance during the verbal fluency task. There were no significant differences between the groups for the visual task or the simple motor task. Activation in both the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) were significantly positively correlated with GAF score in the euthymic bipolar patients.ConclusionBoth the ACC and lateral PFC regions are components of a neural network that plays a critical role in psychosocial functioning, and are often found to be affected in bipolar patients.
Differences in the gut microbiota of healthy children and those with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Soyucen Erdogan , Gulcan Aynur , Aktuglu‐Zeybek Ayse Cigdem , Onal Hasan , Kiykim Ertugrul , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal barriers, intestinal flora, and mucosal immunity are the main factors responsible for the development of various allergic and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the intestinal flora of children and the presence of type 1 diabetes, and to determine if gut microbiota could partly explain the etiology of the disease.MethodsFecal flora analysis was done using quantitative cultures on selective and non‐selective media with different thermal and atmospheric conditions for bacterial and fungal growth. The study group consisted of 35 patients (16 female, 19 male; mean age, 10.73 ± 4.16 years), who had been followed by the University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, and were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The control group consisted of 35 healthy subjects (15 female, 20 male; mean age, 9.96 ± 4.09 years), who were randomly selected and had similar demographics.ResultsBifidobacterium colonization was lower in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to the control group, whereas Candida albicans and Enterobacteriaceae other than Echerichia coli colonization was increased.ConclusionA decrease in beneficial anaerobic bacteria levels and a concomitant increase in Enterobacteriaceae other than E. coli and C. albicans colonization may lead to a disturbance in the ecological balance of intestinal flora, which could be a triggering factor in type 1 diabetes etiology.
Study of Long Term Viability of Endothelial Cells on Biochip for Rapid and Reliable Water Toxicity Measurements
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Tingting , Zhang Xudong , Li Fang , Voiculescu Ioana 
Published: November 2013

Measuring water toxicity is a lengthy process, and rapid analytical methods are limited. A complementary approach is to measure water toxicity on live cells via electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) using a field portable device. This paper presents a study of the longevity of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAECs VEC Technologies, Rensselaer, NY) by integrating a microfluidic device onto the ECIS sensors. This microfluidic chamber with a network of tree-like perfusion microfluidic channels for cell media delivery to the culturing chamber was fabricated from a biocompatible polymer and tested for longevity studies. This perfusion microchannels were designed as a symmetric arbor with binary splitting to provide equal flow in all the perfusion channels. The microdimensions of the perfusion channels provide high flow resistance, thus carrying low flow rates for a given head pressure and generating low shear stress to the cells during the long-time cell attachment and proliferation period. With such a microfluidic device, cell media can be automatically and evenly perfused into the culturing chamber and no significant shear stress produced by media perfusion was observed. During the longevity study, the BAECs were able to survive in good health for longer than one month. Toxicity tests to study the BAECs responsiveness to health-threatening concentrations of ammonia using the microfluidic ECIS sensor will be also presented. Using impedance spectroscopy technique we demonstrated the BAECs can rapidly respond to ammonia concentrations between the military exposure guideline of 2mM and human lethal concentration of 55mM.
The BAECs monolayer represent the most important component of a biosensor for testing water toxicity in the field. This research concluded that the BAECs could resist at least 34 days on the microfluidic chip and demonstrate high values of cell membrane impedance during long period of time.
Development of a Dynamic Testing Device for Predicting the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) Effect of Different Nanoparticles in Tumor Vessels
Authors: Baek Sungchul , Taylor Robert A. , Barber Tracie J. 
Published: November 2013

A microfluidic device was developed to simulate the dynamic conditions of the transvascular transport of nanoparticles. The device utilizes a microfluidic channel, filter paper, collagen gel—which represent the blood vessel, porous vessel wall, and interstitial matrix of the tumor, respectively. By controlling these components, the fluid-dynamic conditions of the tumor blood vessels can be simulated.
For the initial study, Durapore® filters with the nominal diameter of 0.22 μm and 5 mg/ml type 1 collagen gel were used. The transvascular transport parameters of the membrane for a model particle, 20 nm gold spheres, were similar to those of rabbit VX2 carcinoma model. Overall, this design allows for fundamental research into the fluid dynamic transport of particles inside different organs, cancer types and stages. To investigate the physiological conditions of cancer, future studies will include modification of the filter membranes with proteins as well as subsequent culturing of endothelial cells on the filter and tumor cells in the gel matrix. Through this device, we will be able to prescribe nanoparticle fluids for to obtain enhanced permeation and retention.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Biosurfactant-Producing Bacterium Gordonia amicalis Strain CCMA-559, Isolated from Petroleum-Impacted Sediment
Authors: Domingos Daniela F. , Dellagnezze Bruna M. , Greenfield Paul , Reyes Luciana R. , Melo Itamar S. , Midgley David J. , Oliveira Valéria M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Gordonia amicalis
strain CCMA-559 was isolated from an oil-contaminated mangrove swamp and shown to produce biosurfactants. This strain is a strict aerobe that readily degrades an array of carbon sources, including
N
-acetylglucosamine, cellobiose, Tween 80, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and, like other
G. amicalis
strains, likely desulfurizes dibenzothiophene.
Genome Sequence of a Strain of the Human Pathogenic Bacterium Pseudomonas alcaligenes That Caused Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Suzuki Satowa , Matsui Mari , Hiraki Yoichi , Kawano Fumio , Shibayama Keigo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas alcaligenes
, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium, is a rare opportunistic human pathogen. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of
P. alcaligenes
strain MRY13-0052, which was isolated from a bloodstream infection in a medical institution in Japan and is resistant to antimicrobial agents, including broad-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams.
Breast Cancer Subtypes and Previously Established Genetic Risk Factors: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: O'Brien Katie M. , Cole Stephen R. , Engel Lawrence S. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Poole Charles , Herring Amy H. , Millikan Robert C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground: Gene expression analyses indicate that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with at least five immunohistologic subtypes. Despite growing evidence that these subtypes are etiologically and prognostically distinct, few studies have investigated whether they have divergent genetic risk factors. To help fill in this gap in our understanding, we examined associations between breast cancer subtypes and previously established susceptibility loci among white and African-American women in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.Methods: We used Bayesian polytomous logistic regression to estimate ORs and 95% posterior intervals for the association between each of 78 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and five breast cancer subtypes. Subtypes were defined using five immunohistochemical markers: estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 2 (HER1/2), and cytokeratin (CK) 5/6.Results: Several SNPs in TNRC9/TOX3 were associated with luminal A (ER/PR+, HER2−) or basal-like breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−, HER1, or CK 5/6+), and one SNP (rs3104746) was associated with both. SNPs in FGFR2 were associated with luminal A, luminal B (ER/PR+, HER2+), or HER2+/ER− disease, but none were associated with basal-like disease. We also observed subtype differences in the effects of SNPs in 2q35, 4p, TLR1, MAP3K1, ESR1, CDKN2A/B, ANKRD16, and ZM1Z1.Conclusion and Impact: We found evidence that genetic risk factors for breast cancer vary by subtype and further clarified the role of several key susceptibility genes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 84–97. ©2013 AACR.
Antitumoral Activity of Lenalidomide in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Involves the Destabilization of Cyclin D1/p27KIP1 Complexes
Authors: Moros Alexandra , Bustany Sophie , Cahu Julie , Saborit-Villarroya Ifigènia , Martínez Antonio , Colomer Dolors , Sola Brigitte , Roué Gaël 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Clinical responses to the immmunomodulatory drug lenalidomide have been observed in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), although its mechanism of action remains partially unknown. We investigated whether the expression and subcellular localization of cyclin D1, a major cell-cycle regulator overexpressed in MCL, and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1, could identify MCL cases sensitive to lenalidomide, and whether the compound could modulate cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes in MCL cells.
Experimental Design: MCL primary samples and cell lines were analyzed for subcellular levels of cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. Activity of lenalidomide in vitro and its effect on cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes were evaluated by real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. In vivo validation was carried out in a mouse xenograft model of human MCL.
Results: We found cyclin D1 and p27KIP1 to be coordinately expressed in all the MCL samples tested. Immunoprecipitation analyses and siRNA assays suggested a direct role of cyclin D1 in the regulation of p27KIP1 levels. The nuclear accumulation of both proteins correlated with MCL cell tumorigenicity in vivo, and sensitivity to lenalidomide activity in vitro and in vivo. Lenalidomide mechanism of action relied on cyclin D1 downregulation and disruption of cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes, followed by cytosolic accumulation of p27KIP1, cell proliferation arrest, apoptosis, and angiogenesis inhibition.
Conclusions: These results highlight a mechanism of action of lenalidomide in MCL cases with increased tumorigenicity in vivo, which is mediated by the dissociation of cyclin D1/p27KIP1 complexes, and subsequent proliferation blockade and apoptosis induction. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 393–403. ©2013 AACR.
Harnessing the Potential of Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor M. , Hodge James W. , Guha Chandan , Bernhard Eric J. , Vikram Bhadrasain , Coleman C. Norman 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe conventional use of radiotherapy is for local tumor control. Radiotherapy of the primary tumor can prevent the development of distant metastases, but this modality is generally not effective for treating preexisting systemic disease. However, radiation-induced tumor destruction may be considered a novel strategy for in situ cancer vaccination, in which tumor antigens released from dying tumor cells may be presented in an immunostimulatory context. Moreover, radiation has been demonstrated to induce immunogenic modulation in various tumor types by altering the biology of surviving cells to render them more susceptible to T cell–mediated killing. Finally, radiotherapy typically has a favorable toxicity profile and is associated with the absence of systemic immunosuppression. Together, these properties suggest that radiotherapy may serve as an important component of combinatorial immunotherapies aimed at augmenting systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we provide an overview of the radiation-induced modulations of the immune system that may be harnessed for cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 280–4. ©2013 AACR.
Southeastern U.S. Rainfall Prediction in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble
Authors: Infanti Johnna M. , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The present study investigates the predictive skill of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) system for intraseasonal-to-interannual (ISI) prediction with focus on southeastern U.S. precipitation. The southeastern United States is of particular interest because of the typically short-lived nature of above- and below-normal extended rainfall events allowing for focus on seasonal prediction, as well as the tendency for more predictability in the winter months. Included in this study is analysis of the forecast quality of the NMME system when predicting above- and below-normal rainfall and individual rainfall events, with particular emphasis on results from the 2007 dry period. Both deterministic and probabilistic measures of skill are utilized in order to gain a more complete understanding of how accurately the system predicts precipitation at both short and long lead times and to investigate the multimodel aspect of the system as compared to using an individual predictive model. The NMME system consistently shows low systematic error and relatively high skill in predicting precipitation, particularly in winter months as compared to individual model results.
Stability Analysis of the Labrador Current
Authors: Thomsen Sören , Eden Carsten , Czeschel Lars 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Mooring observations and model simulations point to an instability of the Labrador Current (LC) during winter, with enhanced eddy kinetic energy (EKE) at periods between 2 and 5 days and much less EKE during other seasons. Linear stability analysis using vertical shear and stratification from the model reveals three dominant modes of instability in the LC: 1) a balanced interior mode with along-flow wavelengths of about 30–45 km, phase velocities of 0.3 m s−1, maximal growth rates of 1 day−1, and surface-intensified but deep-reaching amplitudes; 2) a balanced shallow mode with along-flow wavelengths of about 0.3–1.5 km, phase velocities of 0.55 m s−1, about 3 times larger growth rates, but amplitudes confined to the mixed layer (ML); and 3) an unbalanced symmetric mode with the largest growth rates, vanishing phase speeds, and along-flow structure, and very small cross-flow wavelengths, also confined to the ML. Both balanced modes are akin to baroclinic instability but operate at moderate-to-small Richardson numbers Ri with much larger growth rates as for the quasigeostrophic limit of Ri ≫ 1. The interior mode is found to be responsible for the instability of the LC during winter. Weak stratification and enhanced vertical shear due to local buoyancy loss and the advection of convective water masses from the interior result in small Ri within the LC and up to 3 times larger growth rates of the interior mode in March compared to summer and fall conditions. Both the shallow and the symmetric modes are not resolved by the model, but it is suggested that they might also play an important role for the instability in the LC and for lateral mixing.