bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal High‐Expressional CYP27A1 Mediates Bile Acid Increase and Functional Impairment in Adult Male Offspring by Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure
Authors: Cao Jiangang , Hu Wen , Chen Yawen , Ailikaiti Aihemaitijiang , Zhang Ziyi , Rong Lingbo , Yu Hong , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPrenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) can impact adrenal corticosteroid synthesis in adult offspring. Furthermore, the adrenal gland can autonomously synthesize bile acids, but local bile acids accumulation has cytotoxic effects. This study found that PDE increased histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) levels in the promoter region of cholesterol 27 hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and its expression, as well as total bile acids (TBA) concentrations and enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inhibit steroid synthesis in adult male offspring rat adrenal glands. However, it is reversed in females. Tracing back to the prenatal stage and in combination with cellular experiments, it is further revealed that dexamethasone can regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR)/SET binding protein 1 (SETBP1)/CYP27A1 signal pathway, consequently cause intracellular increase of bile acids. Finally, administration of nilvadipine (CYP27A1 inhibitor) to male offspring for 4 weeks after birth resulted in the reversal of PDE‐induced adrenal morphological and functional damage. In conclusion, PDE induces fetal adrenal corticosteroid dysfunction in adult male offspring by upregulating CYP27A1 promoter region H3K27ac levels and expression in the adrenal gland through the GR/SETBP1 signaling pathway. This effect persists beyond birth, leading to bile acids local increase and subsequent enhancement of ERS, ultimately inducing cellular dysfunction in adult adrenal glands.
Tracking Active Site Formation during Oxidative Activation of Copper‐Exchanged Zeolites for Methane‐to‐Methanol Conversion
Authors: Brenig Andreas , Fischer Jörg W. A. , Klose Daniel , Jeschke Gunnar , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Sushkevich Vitaly L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe evolution of active sites in Cu‐zeolites for the CH4‐to‐CH3OH conversion has been investigated during oxidative treatment in O2. Three samples with different frameworks but comparable Cu loadings and Si/Al ratios have been prepared to assess the influence of topology on material oxidizability and the nature of the generated Cu(II) species. Complementary spectroscopic studies highlight that isomeric Cu(II) centers hosted within different topologies are characterized by distinct formation rates. In turn, the framework‐specific kinetics of Cu(II) site generation regulate the overall oxidation potential of the individual zeolites. Apart from the topology, the formation rate of different Cu(II) species is governed by their specific structure, with dimeric Cu(II) centers ([Cu2(µ‐O)]2+) being generated faster than monomeric ([CuOH]+, Cu2+) ones. Elevated temperatures accelerate the evolution of Cu(II) monomers but cause [Cu2(µ‐O)]2+ to undergo autoreduction. The reversibility of this process is framework‐dependent. Consequently, even though two types of [Cu2(µ‐O)]2+ form at low temperatures in each material, only specific ones remain after high‐temperature treatment. The autoreduction of [Cu2(µ‐O)]2+ is accompanied by its transient reduction by hydrocarbon residues, originating from the preceding treatment in CH4. The oxidative decomposition of these impurities yields H2O, which adsorbs on [Cu2(µ‐O)]2+ masks their spectroscopic fingerprints, and renders them inactive.
In Situ High‐Temperature Phase Elucidation of Secondary Particles and Segregating Nanoparticles with Surface Coating‐Networking Architecture for High‐Voltage Cathode Life at High Rate
Authors: Palanisamy Manikandan , Mench Matthew M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSecondary microparticles are synthesized using a Mn1.5Ni0.5(OH)2CO3 precursor, which undergoes thermal decomposition and calcination, releasing CO2 and H2O gaseous species. In situ high‐temperature phase elucidation confirms the least degree of disordered phase LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 cathode without rock‐salt impurity phase and having insignificant content of Mn3+ to stable Fd m structure. Raman spectrum shows a band at 590 cm−1 (F2g(3)) without splitting, confirming spinel compound derived with disordered phase. Microscopic analyses reveal secondary microparticles and segregated primary nanoparticles having surface coating‐conducting network architecture. Cyclic voltammograms of primary nanoparticles show well‐resolved two redox peaks at 4.7 V compared to secondary microparticles, confirming superior kinetic reversibility for Ni2+ to Ni3+ and Ni3+ to Ni4+ redox process. At 20C discharge, segregated primary nanoparticles exhibit a discharge flat voltage profile at 4.3 V and deliver a high reversible capacity of 100 mAh g−1 for the 12th cycle and 86 mAh g−1 for the 1000th cycle, while secondary microparticles deliver 70 mAh g−1 for 12th cycle and declined its cycle operation at 250th cycle with the capacity of < 5 mAh g−1. Results confirm a strong potential for use as a highly durable, cobalt‐free, high‐voltage cathode capable of high‐rate discharge in LIBs.
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Metal‐Backboned Molecules with Different Metals
Authors: Wu Yanruzhen , Zhang Yifeng , Zeng Kaiwen , Cheng Xiangran , Song Jiatian , Peng Huisheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal‐backboned molecules have been recently explored as a new class of materials with remarkable physical and chemical properties. However, their backbones are mainly composed of Ni atoms and poses challenges in incorporating a wide range of metallic elemental species, which has severely hindered their further development. Herein, we have designed a general synthesis strategy and obtained new metal‐backboned molecules with a variety of metals including Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag and Pt in the backbones through a ligand‐assisted strategy under screening reaction conditions. The metal backbone with seven Cu atoms has been carefully demonstrated for the synthesis. The intriguing optical properties, electronic band gaps and thermal properties for the metal‐backboned molecules have been further explored. This work provides a new avenue on the synthesis of high‐performance metal‐backboned molecule materials for promising applications in the future.
Performance Comparison of PVDF‐Based Unimodal and Bimodal Electret Air Filters via Solution‐Blowing and Electro‐Blowing Methods
Authors: Calisir Mehmet Durmus 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, unimodal and bimodal PVDF nano/micro‐fibrous filter mats are produced using electro‐blowing (EB) and solution‐blowing (SB) techniques. Fiber diameters are controlled by adjusting solution concentrations (10 and 20 wt%) and applying an electric field. Nanofibers from low‐concentration solutions using EB averaged 236 nm, while fibers from high‐concentration solutions via SB reached around 1 μm. Both methods result in fiber bundles, with EB forming finer bundles and SB producing thicker ones. Defects such as droplets and beads are observed in SB, decreasing with the electric field and lower solution concentration. Bimodal mats show fiber distributions centered around 250 nm and 1 μm. FTIR analysis reveals similar crystallization, with all samples dominated by the β‐phase and finer nanofibers increasing peak intensities. Filtration tests for PM0.3 at 15.83 cm/s show Sample A (EB) achieves the highest efficiency (95.95%) but also the highest resistance (250.33 Pa). Among bimodal samples, four‐layered ABAB mats show the best quality factor (QF) with 84.67% efficiency and 145.25 Pa pressure drop, while Sample A + B achieves 88.24% efficiency with a lower pressure drop (169.50 Pa). Corona discharge treatment enhances filtration efficiency, with the sample ABAB reaching 94.55% efficiency and a 151.83 Pa pressure drop after treatment.
Enhancing plant morphological trait identification in herbarium collections through deep learning–based segmentation
Authors: Ariouat Hanane , Sklab Youcef , Prifti Edi , Zucker Jean‐Daniel , Chenin Eric 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPremiseDeep learning has become increasingly important in the analysis of digitized herbarium collections, which comprise millions of scans that provide valuable resources for studying plant evolution and biodiversity. However, leveraging deep learning algorithms to analyze these scans presents significant challenges, partly due to the heterogeneous nature of the non‐plant material that forms the background of the scans. We hypothesize that removing such backgrounds can improve the performance of these algorithms.MethodsWe propose a novel method based on deep learning to segment and generate plant masks from herbarium scans and subsequently remove the non‐plant backgrounds. The semi‐automatic preprocessing stages involve the identification and removal of non‐plant elements, substantially reducing the manual effort required to prepare the training dataset.ResultsThe results highlight the importance of effective image segmentation, which achieved an F1 score of up to 96.6%. Moreover, when used in classification models for plant morphological trait identification, the images resulting from segmentation improved classification accuracy by up to 3% and F1 score by up to 7% compared to non‐segmented images.DiscussionOur approach isolates plant elements in herbarium scans by removing background elements to improve classification tasks. We demonstrate that image segmentation significantly enhances the performance of plant morphological trait identification models.
Understanding the Population Dynamics of Dusky Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in Golfo Nuevo, Patagonia, Through Long‐Term Monitoring
Authors: Coronel‐Montigel B. M. , Loizaga R. , Degrati M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEstimates of apparent survival and abundance are crucial for understanding the population dynamics of sentinel species. To achieve this, it is necessary to establish a baseline of these parameters for effective management planning in areas strongly impacted. This is the case of the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), a species inhabiting the Argentine coasts. In Golfo Nuevo, information on the demographic parameters of this species, which coexists with tourism activities, remains insufficient. In this study, the abundance of dusky dolphins in Golfo Nuevo, Patagonia, Argentina, was estimated through long‐term monitoring using the mark‐recapture model for open populations (POPAN model). Moreover, the apparent survival rate of this species was estimated for the first time through live recaptures using the Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) model. Photo‐identification surveys were conducted from 2004 to 2022, and models were built using the MARK program, selecting the best models based on the lowest AIC. Our results suggest that in Golfo Nuevo, the apparent survival rate is high, around 0.95 ± 0.01, whereas the local abundance reached 2862.81 individuals throughout the entire sampling period. The number of individuals showed an increase with an average annual change rate of 4.65%. These findings represent a baseline estimate of abundance, apparent survival and population trend for dusky dolphins. However, future studies should prioritize estimates of site fidelity and emigration to achieve accurate estimations of true survival rates for the species. Our results contribute to the understanding of dusky dolphin population dynamics and can be considered in management and conservation projects at the local level.
The Former Pelagic Longline Fishery of a Large‐Scale Marine Protected Area
Authors: Kerry Chris , Metcalfe Kristian , Brown Judith , Richardson Andrew J. , Laptikvoksky Vladimir , Reeves Stuart , Weber Nicola , Weber Sam B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe establishment of large‐scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) has emerged as one of the defining trends in ocean conservation over recent decades. To assess the potential benefits of such designations, it is necessary to understand the nature of the threats that have been excluded. Here, we summarise over 25 years of historical catch and effort data for a pelagic longline fishery that formerly operated within the recently designated LSMPA surrounding Ascension Island (UK), using data compiled from logbooks and observer programmes. Licenced fishing by foreign vessels (primarily flagged to Taiwan and Japan) operated intermittently in the Ascension Island exclusive economic zone (EEZ) between 1988 and 2016, with catch peaking at over 5000 t year−1 in the early 1990s. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) was the dominant species targeted (76% of total catch weight) whilst oceanic sharks (e.g. blue shark Prionace glauca) and other predatory pelagic finfish (e.g. longnose lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox) appear to have presented a sizable bycatch risk, accounting for 37% of total individuals caught in local observer data. The fishery displayed strong seasonality, with two thirds of activity occurring between December and March and was consistently concentrated in the northwest of the EEZ. This distribution closely aligns with recent satellite‐derived vessel tracking data which suggests that a regional longline fishing hotspot remains in the high seas area adjacent to the northwest of the Ascension Island MPA. Our results suggest that predatory pelagic fish and sharks will be the most direct beneficiaries of the Ascension Island MPA, although the high mobility of these species may lessen any conservation impacts, given intense the fishing effort in adjacent high seas areas. While illegal fishing remains a potential threat, the spatiotemporal predictability of the historic fishery may be useful in identifying areas of elevated risk for targeted enforcement in this large, remote MPA.
Event‐triggered security control of networked switched systems under denial‐of‐service attacks: A dual‐channel transmission case
Authors: Du Xian , Jia Peilin , Wang Wanchen , Lian Jie , Li Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe paper investigates the event‐triggered security control of networked switched systems (NSSs) under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks through dual‐channel transmission. To actively defend against DoS attacks, a Stackelberg game is employed to characterize the interaction between the defender and the DoS attacker, with the defender assuming the role of leader and the attacker as follower. Furthermore, a simulated annealing algorithm is utilized to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium solution, from which packet loss rates of dual channels are derived. In order to optimize communication resources and prevent asynchronous switching caused by triggering conditions, a novel event‐triggered mechanism is proposed. Considering the open‐loop and asynchronous scenarios caused by DoS attacks, zero‐input and hold‐input control strategy along with an appropriate switching law are jointly designed to ensure the almost sure stability of NSSs. Finally, a practical example involving the networked continuous stirred tank reactor system is provided to validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method.
Ökobilanzielle Bewertung von Wohnbauten – Teil 2: Detailbetrachtungen und Ausblick
Authors: Vukadinovic Mario , Lützkendorf Thomas , Maas Anton , Schlitzberger Stephan , Höttges Kirsten , Dorff Frederic , Lange Georg , König Holger 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDie Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen im Bau‐ und Gebäudebereich, einschließlich vor‐ und nachgelagerter Branchen, ist zentral für den Klimaschutz und die nachhaltige Entwicklung. In Deutschland wird intensiv diskutiert, wie Anforderungen zur Begrenzung der Emissionen im Lebenszyklus von Gebäuden in das Ordnungsrecht integriert werden könnten. Das Förderprogramm „Klimafreundlicher Neubau“ (KFN) nutzt bereits konkrete Berechnungsansätze und Anforderungsniveaus, die auf den Regeln und Datengrundlagen des Indikators „Treibhausgase und Primärenergie im Lebenszyklus“ des Qualitätssiegels Nachhaltiges Gebäude (QNG) basieren. Im zweiten Teil der Beitragsreihe werden die Resultate einer Analyse der Lebenszyklus‐Emissionen von Wohnbauten vorgestellt, die Teil des Forschungsberichts „Klimafreundliche Wohnbauten – Erprobung und Weiterentwicklung von Grundlagen der Ökobilanzierung“ sind. Thematisiert werden die Anteile gebäudebezogener sowie nutzungsbedingter Emissionen, der Einfluss von Kellern und Tiefgaragen, die Wahl der Bezugsfläche sowie die Auswirkungen von PV‐Anlagen unter veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen. Es wird auch diskutiert, welche Konsequenzen diese Erkenntnisse für Planungsprozesse und Produktentwicklungen haben. Ein Ausblick auf die nächsten Schritte und erwartbare Veränderungen rundet den Beitrag ab. Die Autoren laden ein, sich mit den Empfehlungen auseinanderzusetzen, um einen Beitrag zur Minderung der Emissionen im Bau‐ und Gebäudebereich zu leisten.
Using Adaptive Learning Platform Data in a Flipped Classroom for Early Detection and Tutoring of Low‐Performing Students
Authors: Kaw Autar , Yalcin Ali , Clark Renee 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article explores the use of adaptive learning platform (ALP) data to conduct early identification and provide support to students who have a low‐performance outcome (C or lower) in a numerical methods engineering course. The data from assigned ALP lessons for two semesters was used to create decision‐tree models to identify students who would benefit from advising and tutoring support. In the following two semesters, low‐performing students were identified early in the semester and provided with support, and their performance was compared to their peers. The best‐performing prediction model achieved an accuracy of 85% in predicting low‐performing students in the third week of the course. The support included weekly one‐on‐one tutoring and advising sessions. Although only 23% of the identified students accepted support, they scored one‐third a letter grade better than those who did not. Additionally, students who received support were invited to participate in a focus group at the end of the semester. Positive outcomes reported included improved understanding of course material, higher academic performance, advice on learning strategies, and guidance on non‐course‐related topics like internships and employment. Although most students valued receiving personalized invitations, a few felt singled out as low‐performing. Students acknowledged the significance of individualized support, gave advice on how to word the invitation emails, and made helpful suggestions for improving help sessions, particularly in terms of personalization and recognizing their heavy academic workload.
Inorganic Solid‐State Electrolytes in Potassium Batteries: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Masese Titus , Kanyolo Godwill Mbiti 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are increasingly attractive owing to their high voltage and projected low cost. However, the advancement of KIBs has been constrained by challenges related to electrolyte stability and interface compatibility. Traditional liquid electrolytes pose significant risks, including leakage and flammability, prompting a shift towards solid‐state electrolytes, which offer improved energy density, safety and thermal stability. This Perspective explores the current state of inorganic solid‐state electrolytes entailing oxides, chalcogenides, halides and hydrides. We delve into their recent advancements, identifying key challenges and future research opportunities, with the aim of advancing the development of high‐performance all‐solid‐state potassium batteries.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes as Microscopic‐Cables to Boost Discharge Performance of Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Huang Haoshen , Zhou Huafeng , Wu Nuowen , Yu Haiyang , Gao Weibo , Shi Jianghuan , Song Jiahao , Zheng Yayun , Chen Zhengfei , Liu Zixuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA simple carbon black (Ketjenblack, KB)‐multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite was fabricated and used as the air cathode in a Li‐O2 battery where MWCNTs primarily serve as microscopic cables to enhance long‐range electronic conductivity. With optimal KB:MWCNTs mass ratios, the composite exhibited significantly improved specific capacity (up to 10611 mAh/gcarbon under 100 mAh/gcarbon), rate capability (up to 9598 mAh/gcarbon under 500 mAh/gcarbon) and cyclability than pristine KB, owing to the synergy of KB's abundant surface area for accommodation of discharge products and MWCNTs’ long‐range electronic conductivity to guide even and compact deposition of discharge products, and mitigate passivation/clogging of the air cathode surface during discharge. This strategy of using MWCNTs as microscopic cables could also be applied for other commercial materials to construct high‐performance and low‐cost air cathodes.
Comparing Interface Conditions for a 3D–0D Multiscale Interface Coupling With Applications in Tissue Perfusion
Authors: Bociu L. , Broussard M. , Guidoboni G. , Prada D. , Strikwerda S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMany pathologies are related to hemodynamic changes occurring at the microvascular level, where small vessels pierce the tissue, perfusing it with blood. Since there is a large number of vessels of small caliber, it is impractical to model the fluid flow through each one of them separately, as it is done in the case of large arteries using, for example, the Navier–Stokes equations. As an alternative, tissue perfusion is modeled here via three‐dimensional (3D) partial differential equations (PDEs) for fluid flow through deformable porous media, where blood vessels are modeled as pores within a deformable solid representing the tissue. Since it is known that the local perfusion is related to the systemic features of surrounding blood circulation, we couple the PDE system with a zero‐dimensional (0D) lumped circuit model, obtained by the analogy between fluid flows in hydraulic networks and current flowing in electrical circuits. An important feature in this multiscale 3D–0D coupling is the specification of interface conditions between the 3D and the 0D parts of the system. In this article, we focus on two types of interface conditions driven by physical considerations, and compare the behavior of the solutions for the two different scenarios.
Dynamic Model of Malware Propagation Based on Community Structure in Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Jouyban Morteza , Hosseini Soodeh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHeterogeneous networks are used as models for many real‐world networks and systems due to their diversity in structures, characteristics, and connections. Consequently, the study of these networks helps to better understand the vulnerabilities and the malware propagation in real complex systems. In this paper, the impact of community structure, which is one of the main characteristics of heterogeneous networks, on malware propagation is investigated. The Vulnerable‐Unprotected‐Malfunctioned‐Recovered‐Vulnerable (VUMRV) model is used to simulate the dynamics and the propagation process. The process of density change among network members in all states of communities and the entire network, as well as the effect of the secured mechanism, is analyzed. The equilibrium points are obtained by solving the differential equations equivalent to the proposed model. In addition, the basic reproduction number as a metric is computed by using the next generation matrix method to determine the potential impact of the malware and its epidemic spread in the network. Numerical simulations are performed to validate and compare the theoretical results, and analyze the combined impact of the network topology and security strategies on the final epidemic situation. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of using the community structure property of heterogeneous networks as a malware propagation control method.