bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Capital in Post‐Disaster Recovery: Concepts and Measurement
Authors: Noy Ilan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDaniel Aldrich, in his new book on social capital in post‐disaster recovery, presents new and convincing empirical evidence to support his claim that social ties and the ability of communities to mobilize are important in facilitating successful post‐disaster recovery. Yet, as Aldrich notes, social capital is “an underexamined factor” in research and more importantly in policymaking, planning, and design of post‐disaster recovery. He identifies the ability of social capital to overcome collective action problems, to provide informal insurance, and to make available resources for investment in longer term recovery as the keys to social capital's importance. While a careful cost‐benefit analysis of some of the interventions that Aldrich suggests is still necessary, the call to arms is very convincing, and it will only become more important as we face changing climatic and demographic conditions that are bound to lead to more deadly and more costly catastrophes.
Fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses in twin–twin transfusion syndrome using ‘Solomon technique’
Authors: Ruano R. , Rodo C. , Peiro J. L. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Haeri S. , Nomura M. L. , Salustiano E. M. A. , de Andrade K. K. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar H. , Carreras E. , Belfort M. A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo document perinatal outcomes following use of the ‘Solomon technique’ in the selective photocoagulation of placental anastomoses for severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsBetween January 2010 and July 2012, data were collected from 102 consecutive monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by severe TTTS that underwent fetoscopic laser ablation at four different centers. We compared outcomes between subjects that underwent selective laser coagulation using the Solomon technique (cases) and those that underwent selective laser coagulation without this procedure (controls).ResultsOf the 102 pregnancies examined, 26 (25.5%) underwent the Solomon technique and 76 (74.5%) did not. Of the 204 fetuses, 139 (68.1%) survived up to 30 days of age. At least one twin survived in 82 (80.4%) pregnancies and both twins survived in 57 (55.9%) pregnancies. When compared with the control group, the Solomon‐technique group had a significantly higher survival rate for both twins (84.6 vs 46.1%; P < 0.01) and a higher overall neonatal survival rate (45/52 (86.5%) vs 94/152 (61.8%); P < 0.01). Use of the Solomon technique remained independently associated with dual twin survival (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 11.35 (95% CI, 3.11–53.14); P = 0.0007) and overall neonatal survival rate (aOR, 4.65 (95% CI, 1.59–13.62); P = 0.005) on multivariable analysis. There were no cases of recurrent TTTS or twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) in the Solomon‐technique group.ConclusionsUse of the Solomon technique following selective laser coagulation of placental anastomoses appears to improve twin survival and may reduce the risk of recurrent TTTS and TAPS. Our data support the idea of performing a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Solomon technique. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Sipunculans associated with dead coral skeletons in the Santa Marta region of Colombia, south-western Caribbean
Authors: Gómez Carlos E. , Ardila Néstor E. , Sanjuan-Muñoz Adolfo 
Published: April 2013

Sipunculans represent a discrete component of the coral reef ecosystem, since they live inside the calcareous structure. They are an important component in terms of biomass and number of organisms. The present study describes the diversity of sipunculans living inside massive coral skeletons. A total of 43 blocks of dead coral skeletons from Montastraea cavernosa, Montastraea annularis and Diploria strigosa were collected from nearby coral reef areas off Santa Marta, on the Colombian Caribbean coast. Using hammer and chisel, blocks of approximately 1 dm3 were broken into small pieces, from which the sipunculans were extracted. A total of 381 organisms were obtained from the coral blocks comprising four families and 10 species. All the species found have been widely reported in different studies from the Caribbean region. Aspidosiphon fischeri and Phascolosoma perlucens were the two most abundant species comprising more than 60% of the total organisms with a mean density of 18.52 ± 4.64 organisms dm−3. Dead coral substrate from M. cavernosa had the greatest abundance (N = 148), followed by D. strigosa (N = 121) and M. annularis (N = 112). There were no significant differences in the abundance, richness, and diversity of sipunculans between coral skeletons; and within samples there was high variability suggesting that the skeletal substrates analysed came from coral skeletons of different unknown ages of succession. These results describe the sipunculan community structure that live inside three important massive coral skeletons, and contributes to the knowledge of the cryptobiota diversity of the Santa Marta area of Colombia.
An integrated multidomain functional failure and propagation analysis approach for safe system design
Authors: Mutha Chetan , Jensen David , Tumer Irem , Smidts Carol 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEarly system design analysis and fault removal is an important step in the iterative design process to avoid costly repairs in the later stages of system development. System complexity is increasing with increased use of software to control the physical system. There is a dearth of techniques to evaluate inconsistencies, incompatibility, and fault proneness of the system design in an integrated manner. The early design analysis technique presented in this paper aids a designer to understand the interplay between the multifaceted components and evaluate his/her design in an integrated manner. The technique allows simultaneous propagation of different types of faults from various domains and evaluates their functional impact over a period of time. The structure of the technique is explained using domain-specific conceptual metamodels, whereas the execution is based on the event sequence diagram, which is one of the established reliability and safety analysis techniques. One of the notable features of the proposed technique is the object-oriented nature of the system design representation. The technique is demonstrated with the help of a case study, and the execution results of two scenarios are evaluated to demonstrate the analysis capability of the proposed technique.
Modeling detailed design knowledge with the extended structure–behavior–function model
Authors: Chen Yong , Huang Jian , Xie Youbai , Zhang Zhinan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDetailed design is often a time-consuming and experience-dependent engineering process, where various detailed design knowledge can be reused. This paper proposes a formal approach for modeling detailed design knowledge for effective reuse. An extended structure–behavior–function model is developed for representing the structural, behavioral, and functional information in various life cycle periods of a detailed design. Based on the extended structure–behavior–function model, an issue- and solution-based approach is then developed to model the detailed knowledge of a mechanical design. The proposed approach is implemented in a detailed design knowledge modeling system, with a fixture design knowledge modeling as a brief example.
Serogroup distribution of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in urban ethnic groups in The Netherlands
Authors: VERWEIJ S. P. , QUINT K. D. , BAX C. J. , VAN LEEUWEN A. P. , MUTSAERS J. A. E. M. , JANSEN C. L. , OOSTVOGEL P. M. , OUBURG S. , MORRÉ S. A. , PETERS R. P. H. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis varies between ethnic groups in The Netherlands. It is, however, unknown whether this is associated with specific serogroups. The objective of this study was to determine whether serogroup distribution is associated with ethnic origin in the region of The Hague, The Netherlands. Serogroups of 370 microbiologically confirmed C. trachomatis-positive samples were analysed. The samples were obtained from 247 women and 123 men between January and October 2008, of self-reported Dutch Caucasian, Dutch Antillean, Surinamese, N. African/Turkish or other descent. We observed a difference in serogroup distribution comparing Dutch Caucasian women to Dutch Antillean women (χ2 for distribution P = 0·035). Serogroup C was more common in Dutch Antillean women, whereas serogroup B was less common (P = 0·03). This difference was not observed for Dutch Antillean men. The observed difference in distribution of C. trachomatis serogroups between ethnic groups is relevant for further transmission studies.
A Computer Simulation of a California Casualty Collection Point Used to Respond to a Major Earthquake
Authors: Koehler Gus A. , Foley Dennis , Jones Michelle 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurpose:Casualty Collection Points (CCPs) are sites predesignated by county officials for the congregation, triage, austere medical treatment, holding, and evacuation of casualties following a major disaster. A CCP (and the simulation) is made up of a series of discrete, interrelated steps that collectively result in medical care being provided to a casualty.Methods:A series of computer simulations was run comparing differences in personnel, supplies, and evacuation configuration for a jurisdiction that has plans in place to establish a CCP, and for one that does not. Each simulation was for 650 earthquake-related casualties.Results:Generally, it was found that: 1) mortality appears to be related directly to performance of triage of casualties and to where they are directed for care. The least injured did not need to be treated at a CCP; 2) survival is related directly to arrival time, mix of medical staff, and the ability to form “care teams” on-site; 3) the sudden, massive arrival of casualties will result in a “snowball” mortality effect if staff numbers are low or do not include the proper mix of training to form care teams well before the peak arrival time of casualties; 4) holding ambulances until they are filled completely before evacuation may increase mortality; 5) during the first four hours, more lives may be saved by using transportation assets to move medical staff and supplies to a CCP, if large numbers of casualties are expected to congregate there. Generally, the local jurisdiction must be prepared to mobilize a significant number of medical staff and supplies to a predesignated CCP within 4–6 hours after an event.Conclusions:The simulation produced useful information. In particular, local disaster response planners need to develop rapid response methods to ensure that the best combination of medical staff are available early to care for casualties.
The Impact of Recurrent Disasters on Mental Health: A Study on Seasonal Floods in Northern India
Authors: Wind Tim R. , Joshi Pooran C. , Kleber Rolf J. , Komproe Ivan H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionVery little is known on the impact of recurrent disasters on mental health.AimThe present study examines the immediate impact of a recurrent flood on mental health and functioning among an affected population in the rural district of Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India, compared with a population in the same region that is not affected by floods.MethodsThe study compared 318 affected respondents with 308 individuals who were not affected by floods. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). Psychological and physical functioning was assessed by using the Short Form-12 (SF-12).ResultsThe affected group showed large to very large differences with the comparison group on symptoms of anxiety (D = .92) and depression (D = 1.22). The affected group scored significantly lower on psychological and physical functioning than the comparison group (respectively D = .33 and D = .80). However, hierarchical linear regressions showed no significant relationship between mental health and the domains of functioning in the affected group, whereas mental health and the domains of functioning were significantly related in the comparison group.ConclusionThis study found a large negative impact of the recurrent floods on mental health outcomes and psychological and physical functioning. However, in a context with recurrent floods, disaster mental health status is not a relevant predictor of functioning. The findings suggest that the observed mental health status and impaired functioning in this context are also outcomes of another mechanism: Both outcomes are likely to be related to the erosion of the social and environmental and material context. As such, the findings refer to a need to implement psychosocial context-oriented interventions to address the erosion of the context rather than specific mental health interventions.WindTR, JoshiPC, KleberRJ, KomproeIH. The impact of recurrent disasters on mental health: a study on seasonal floods in northern India. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-7.
Transition of the stellar initial mass function explored using binary population synthesis
Authors: Suda Takuma , Komiya Yutaka , Yamada Shimako , Katsuta Yutaka , Aoki Wako , Gil-Pons Pilar , Doherty Carolyn L. , Campbell Simon W. , Wood Peter R. , Fujimoto Masayuki Y. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) plays a crucial role in the determination of the number of surviving stars in galaxies, of the chemical composition of the interstellar medium and of the distribution of light in galaxies. A key unsolved question is whether the IMF is universal in time and space. Here, we use the state-of-the-art results of stellar evolution to show that the IMF of our Galaxy made a transition from an IMF dominated by massive stars to the present-day IMF at an early phase of the Galaxy formation. Updated results from stellar evolution in a wide range of metallicities have been implemented in a binary population synthesis code, and compared with the observations of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars in our Galaxy. We find that the application of the present-day IMF to Galactic halo stars causes serious contradictions with four observable quantities connected with the evolution of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Furthermore, a comparison between our calculations and the observations of CEMP stars might help us to constrain the transition metallicity for the IMF, which we tentatively set at [Fe/H] ≈−2. A novelty of the current study is the inclusion of mass-loss suppression in intermediate-mass AGB stars at low metallicity. This significantly reduces the overproduction of nitrogen-enhanced stars, which was a major problem in previous studies when using the IMF dominated by high-mass stars. Our results also demonstrate that the use of the present-day IMF for all time in chemical evolution models results in the overproduction of Type I.5 supernovae. More data on stellar abundances will help us to understand how the IMF has changed, and what caused such a transition.
BRANCHED1 Interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T to Repress the Floral Transition of the Axillary Meristems inArabidopsis
Authors: Niwa Masaki , Daimon Yasufumi , Kurotani Ken-ichi , Higo Asuka , Pruneda-Paz José L. , Breton Ghislain , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Kay Steve A. , Ohme-Takagi Masaru , Endo Motomu , Araki Takashi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPlant architecture shows a large degree of developmental plasticity. Some of the key determinants are the timing of the floral transition induced by a systemic flowering signal (florigen) and the branching pattern regulated by key factors such as BRANCHED1 (BRC1). Here, we report that BRC1 interacts with the florigen proteins FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) but not with TERMINAL FLOWER1, a floral repressor. FT protein induced in leaves moves into the subtended bud, suggesting that FT protein also plays a role in promotion of the floral transition in the axillary meristem (AM). The brc1-2 mutant shows an earlier floral transition in the axillary shoots compared with the wild type, suggesting that BRC1 plays a role in delaying the floral transition of the AMs. Genetic and gene expression analyses suggest that BRC1 interferes with florigen (FT and TSF) function in the AMs. Consistent with this, BRC1 ectopically expressed in the shoot apical meristem delays the floral transition in the main shoot. These results taken together suggest that BRC1 protein interacts with FT and TSF proteins and modulates florigen activity in the axillary buds to prevent premature floral transition of the AMs.
Bonded composite repair structures multiple site damage analysis
Authors: Chen Chi , Hai Tran Thanh , Volinsky Alex A. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to describe the effects of the length of cracks and the patch size on the stress intensity factors in a bonded composite repair structure containing multiple site damage.Design/methodology/approachFinite element method was applied to simulate a bonded repair of a cracked aluminum plate with multiple site damage. A two‐dimensional three‐layer technique was utilized to model damage in a typical aluminum plate with collinear twin cracks.FindingsThis research has found that the stress intensity factors of collinear twin cracks can be reduced significantly through bonded composite repair, and their values strongly depend on the relative position of the cracks. Moreover, the composite patch should be 1.5 to two times longer than the crack length and the patch thickness should be 30‐40 percent of the plate thickness for the best repair performance.Research limitations/implicationsPatch debonding can significantly reduce the repair efficiency and should be avoided if possible.Originality/valueIt is seen that, instead of the three‐dimensional finite element model, which is computationally intense, the two‐dimensional three‐layer finite element model has an adequate accuracy to obtain stress intensity factors in a bonded composite repair structure with multiple site damage.
Coning algorithm based on singular perturbation
Authors: Fu Li , Wang Lingling , Hu Jianghai 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to propose a new coning correction algorithm, based on the singular perturbation technique, for the attitude update computation with non‐ideal angular rate information.Design/methodology/approachUnlike conventional coning correction algorithms, the new method uses angular rate two‐time scale model to construct the coning correction term of attitude update. In order to achieve balanced real/pseudo coning correction performance, the selection guidelines of the new algorithm parameters are established.FindingsPerformance of the new algorithm is evaluated by comparison with the conventional algorithm in no ideal sensors undergoing stochastic coning environments. The accuracy of attitude update can be improved effectively with reduced computational workload by using this new coning algorithm as compared with conventional ones.Practical implicationsThe proposed coning correction algorithm can be implemented with angular rate sensors in UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and other aircrafts attitude estimation for navigation and control applications.Originality/valueSingular perturbation is an effective method for structuring coning correction algorithm with filtered angular rate outputs in stochastic coning environments. The improved coning correction algorithm based on singular perturbations reduces the real and pseudo coning effects effectively as compared with conventional ones. It is proved to be valid for improvement of accuracy with reduced computations of the attitude update.
Determinants of immigrants’ cash‐welfare benefits intake in Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Planas Núria 
Published: April 2013

PurposeMuch of the literature on immigrants’ cash‐welfare benefits use has focused on countries with a large tradition of receiving immigrants and with well‐established welfare states. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this literature by analyzing differences in cash‐welfare benefits receipt between immigrants and natives and their determinants in Spain, a country with a small level of social assistance and a welfare state heavily reliant on conditioned access to pensions; and an unprecedented immigration boom.Design/methodology/approachDifferent probit models of social program intake are estimated for immigrants and native‐born individuals using pooled cross‐sectional data from the 1999 to 2009 Spanish Labor Force Survey (LFS).FindingsResults show that a negative residual welfare gap exists and that it is mainly driven by recently arrived immigrants, whose legal status or insufficient contribution is likely to hamper participation in social programs. In addition, it is found that immigrants with more than five years in the host country are more likely to receive unemployment benefits than natives, consistent with findings in other countries. These findings hold, regardless of immigrants’ continent of origin.Research limitations/implicationsReturn migration related (or not) to an amnesty may be worrisome, as both return migration and under‐reporting of immigrants may generate deterministic biases in an analysis. Although the direction of the biases caused by return migration is not always obvious, sensitivity analysis has been undertaken to evaluate the extent of this problem by comparing the population sizes for the different entry cohorts of immigrants at each LFS. While there is some variation in sizes across LFS, no clear pattern is observed that would raise major concerns of return migration (as there are no regular patterns for decreases in cohort sizes). Nonetheless, for this to be a problem, it needs to generate a deterministic bias in any analysis. Analyzing the demographic characteristics of the different cohorts of immigrants at each of the different LFSs only reveals small changes across surveys; in essence, the socio‐demographic characteristics of the cohort remain quite stable across surveys, implying that no deterministic bias would emerge in an analysis.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the relevance of accounting for cohort of arrival in the host country, especially when welfare benefits are based on workers’ contribution. Indeed, failure to account for this would lead to the conclusion that immigrants are less likely to receive unemployment insurance (UI) benefits than natives. However, once cohort of arrival is included as a covariate, this paper finds that the lower UI intake is explained by the most recent immigrants, as their legal status and lower contributions hamper participation in social programs.