bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity and Food Access in U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Bonanno Alessandro , Li Jing 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHousehold food insecurity in the United States has reached its highest levels to date. As public and private initiatives have emerged to help improve diets by fostering access to food, the availability of more food stores may result in lower levels of food insecurity. In this article, we assess the relationship between adult food insecurity and food store density in metropolitan areas of the United States. We find that while small grocery/convenience stores show a mitigating effect on adult food insecurity across different samples of households, the effects of large supermarkets/grocery stores and supercenters vary. We also find that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and food access can have a simultaneously beneficial effect in reducing adult food insecurity. Implications for policies aiming to improve food security by fostering access to food stores are discussed.
The chemical component dictionary: complete descriptions of constituent molecules in experimentally determined 3D macromolecules in the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Westbrook John D. , Shao Chenghua , Feng Zukang , Zhuravleva Marina , Velankar Sameer , Young Jasmine 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: The Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) is a chemical reference data resource that describes all residue and small molecule components found in Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries. The CCD contains detailed chemical descriptions for standard and modified amino acids/nucleotides, small molecule ligands and solvent molecules. Each chemical definition includes descriptions of chemical properties such as stereochemical assignments, chemical descriptors, systematic chemical names and idealized coordinates. The content, preparation, validation and distribution of this CCD chemical reference dataset are described.
Availability and implementation: The CCD is updated regularly in conjunction with the scheduled weekly release of new PDB structure data. The CCD and amino acid variant reference datasets are hosted in the public PDB ftp repository at ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/data/monomers/components.cif.gz, ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/data/monomers/aa-variants-v1.cif.gz, and its mirror sites, and can be accessed from http://wwpdb.org.
Contact: jwest@rcsb.rutgers.edu.
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A rationale for reduced-frequency dosing of anidulafungin for antifungal prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Brüggemann R. J. M. , Van Der Velden W. J. F. M. , Knibbe C. A. J. , Colbers A. , Hol S. , Burger D. M. , Donnelly J. P. , Blijlevens N. M. A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Reduced-frequency dosing strategies of anidulafungin may offer a more convenient way of providing adequate antifungal prophylaxis to patients at high risk of invasive fungal diseases. We aimed to provide the pharmacological rationale for the applicability of reduced-frequency dosing regimens.

Methods
We defined two groups of 10 patients that were to receive anidulafungin at 200 mg every 48 h or 300 mg every 72 h. Blood samples were drawn daily and two pharmacokinetic curves were constructed after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using non-linear mixed-effects modelling. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01249820.

Results
The AUC over a 6 day period (IQR) for a typical patient on 200 mg every 48 h or 300 mg every 72 h resulted in 348 mg · h/L (310.6–386.7) and 359 mg · h/L (319.1–400.9), respectively, comparable to the licensed regimen [397.0 mg · h/L (352.4–440.5)]. In the final model, the volume of distribution proved to be dependent on the lean body mass and CL of cyclosporine A. All three regimens resulted in comparable dose-normalized exposure over time.

Conclusions
We now have sufficient evidence to start using less frequent dosing regimens and demonstrate their value in clinical practice. These less frequently applied infusions enable more personalized care in an outpatient setting with reduced costs.
Extra‐linguistic influences on sentence comprehension in Italian‐speaking children with and without specific language impairment
Authors: Pettenati P. , Benassi E. , Deevy P. , Leonard L. B. , Caselli M. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany children with specific language impairment (SLI) in sentence comprehension. These deficits are usually attributed to limitations in the children's understanding of syntax or the lexical items contained in the sentences. This study examines the role that extra‐linguistic factors can play in these children's sentence comprehension.AimsExtra‐linguistic demands on sentence comprehension are manipulated directly by varying the nature of the materials used.Methods & ProceduresForty‐five Italian‐speaking children participated: 15 with SLI (mean age = 4;5), 15 typically developing children matched for age (TD‐A, mean age = 4;5), and 15 younger typically developing children matched according to language comprehension test scores (TD‐Y, mean age = 3;9). The children responded to sentence comprehension items that varied in their length and/or the number and type of foils that competed with the target picture.Outcomes & ResultsThe TD‐A children were more accurate than the TD‐Y children and the children with SLI, but, for all groups, accuracy declined when task demands increased. In particular, sentences containing superfluous adjectives (e.g., Il topo bello copre l'uccello allegro, ‘The nice mouse covers the happy bird’ where all depicted mice were nice and all birds were happy) yielded higher scores than similar sentences in which each adjective had to be associated with the proper character (e.g., Il cane giallo lava il maiale bianco, ‘The yellow dog washes the white pig’, where foils included a yellow dog washing a pink pig, and a brown dog washing a white pig). Many errors reflected recency effects, probably influenced by the fact that adjectives modifying the object appear at the end of the sentence in Italian.Conclusions & ImplicationsDifferences between conditions were observed even when lexical content, syntactic structure and sentence length were controlled. This finding suggests the need for great care when assessing children's comprehension of sentences. The same syntactic structure and lexical content can vary in difficulty depending on the number and types of foils used in combination with the target picture.
Viscosity of dysphagia‐oriented cold‐thickened beverages: effect of setting time at refrigeration temperature
Authors: Kim Sung‐Gun , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough extensive literature is available on the viscosity of thickened beverages with food thickeners, no attempt has been made to study the effect of setting time on the viscosity of pudding‐like cold‐thickened beverages with xanthan gum (XG)‐based thickeners by using a rheometer. In particular, it is of considerable practical importance to investigate the effect of setting time on their viscosity at 5°C because some cold‐thickened beverages will be prepared in the kitchen in bulk and stored at 5°C before serving or consuming rather than serving immediately upon mixing with thickeners.AimsTo examine the effect of different setting times (15–120 min) on the viscosity of cold‐thickened beverages prepared with various XG‐based food thickeners, and also to compare the viscosity differences among the various cold beverages and XG‐based food thickeners in beverage‐thickener mixture systems.Methods & ProceduresFour commercially available XG‐based food thickeners (A–D) and three cold beverages (water, orange juice and milk) were used for the preparation of cold‐thickened beverages. The thickened sample was portioned into six samples for the designated setting times and then stored at 5°C over setting time. Their apparent viscosity (ηa,50) at 50 s−1 was measured using a rheometer.Outcomes & ResultsThe largest increases in ηa,50 values for thickened beverages, except for water, were observed at 15 min (p < 0.05), showing a pudding‐like fluid, and at longer time periods their ηa,50 values gradually increased or were constant with an increase in setting time. The percentage increase in viscosity values at different setting times (15–120 min) as compared with the control (0 min) was less pronounced in the thickened orange juice and milk samples with thickener A over setting time, indicating that the thickened beverages with thickener A had more stable structure compared with those with other thickeners (B–D) over time. Statistical analysis showed that changes in the viscosity of cold‐thickened beverages over setting time are greatly influenced by the type of beverages and thickeners.Conclusions & ImplicationsCold‐thickened beverages should be carefully prepared with instant commercial XG‐based food thickeners because they produced different thickening patterns over setting time which clinicians must consider for a safe and easy swallowing. The information presented in this study will provide both clinicians and patients with additional knowledge to prepare cold‐thickened beverages with the corrected viscosity for safe swallowing.
DNA barcoding of Rhododendron (Ericaceae), the largest Chinese plant genus in biodiversity hotspots of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Yan Li‐Jun , Liu Jie , Möller Michael , Zhang Lin , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Li De‐Zhu , Gao Lian‐Ming 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains encompass two global biodiversity hotspots with high levels of biodiversity and endemism. This area is one of the diversification centres of the genus Rhododendron, which is recognized as one of the most taxonomically challenging plant taxa due to recent adaptive radiations and rampant hybridization. In this study, four DNA barcodes were evaluated on 531 samples representing 173 species of seven sections of four subgenera in Rhododendron, with a high sampling density from the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains employing three analytical methods. The varied approaches (nj, pwg and blast) had different species identification powers with blast performing best. With the pwg analysis, the discrimination rates for single barcodes varied from 12.21% to 25.19% with ITS < rbcL < matK < psbA‐trnH. Combinations of ITS + psbA‐trnH + matK and the four barcodes showed the highest discrimination ability (both 41.98%) among all possible combinations. As a single barcode, psbA‐trnH performed best with a relatively high performance (25.19%). Overall, the three‐marker combination of ITS + psbA‐trnH + matK was found to be the best DNA barcode for identifying Rhododendron species. The relatively low discriminative efficiency of DNA barcoding in this genus (~42%) may possibly be attributable to too low sequence divergences as a result of a long generation time of Rhododendron and complex speciation patterns involving recent radiations and hybridizations. Taking the morphology, distribution range and habitat of the species into account, DNA barcoding provided additional information for species identification and delivered a preliminary assessment of biodiversity for the large genus Rhododendron in the biodiversity hotspots of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains.
A comprehensive DNA barcode database for Central European beetles with a focus on Germany: adding more than 3500 identified species to BOLD
Authors: Hendrich Lars , Morinière Jérôme , Haszprunar Gerhard , Hebert Paul D. N. , Hausmann Axel , Köhler Frank , Balke Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBeetles are the most diverse group of animals and are crucial for ecosystem functioning. In many countries, they are well established for environmental impact assessment, but even in the well‐studied Central European fauna, species identification can be very difficult. A comprehensive and taxonomically well‐curated DNA barcode library could remedy this deficit and could also link hundreds of years of traditional knowledge with next generation sequencing technology. However, such a beetle library is missing to date. This study provides the globally largest DNA barcode reference library for Coleoptera for 15 948 individuals belonging to 3514 well‐identified species (53% of the German fauna) with representatives from 97 of 103 families (94%). This study is the first comprehensive regional test of the efficiency of DNA barcoding for beetles with a focus on Germany. Sequences ≥500 bp were recovered from 63% of the specimens analysed (15 948 of 25 294) with short sequences from another 997 specimens. Whereas most specimens (92.2%) could be unambiguously assigned to a single known species by sequence diversity at CO1, 1089 specimens (6.8%) were assigned to more than one Barcode Index Number (BIN), creating 395 BINs which need further study to ascertain if they represent cryptic species, mitochondrial introgression, or simply regional variation in widespread species. We found 409 specimens (2.6%) that shared a BIN assignment with another species, most involving a pair of closely allied species as 43 BINs were involved. Most of these taxa were separated by barcodes although sequence divergences were low. Only 155 specimens (0.97%) show identical or overlapping clusters.
Serum procalcitonin as a diagnostic aid in patients with acute bacterial septic arthritis
Authors: Paosong Suangkanok , Narongroeknawin Pongthorn , Pakchotanon Rattapol , Asavatanabodee Paijit , Chaiamnuay Sumapa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionSeptic arthritis is a common and serious problem. Early detection and prompt treatment improve outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate serum procalcitonin for diagnosis of acute bacterial septic arthritis and to compare its diagnostic utility with synovial white blood cells (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP).MethodA prospective cross‐sectional study was performed in 78 Thai patients with acute arthritis. Patients with concomitant infections were excluded. Twenty‐eight patients were diagnosed with acute bacterial septic arthritis and 50 patients were diagnosed with acute inflammatory arthritis. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count, ESR, hs‐CRP, procalcitonin and hemoculture. Synovial fluid was sent for cell count, Gram stain, crystals identification and culture. The diagnostic accuracy by area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated.ResultPatients with acute bacterial septic arthritis had higher procalcitonin levels than in acute inflammatory arthritis (mean ± SD = 1.48 ± 2.30 vs. 0.44 ± 0.92 ng/mL, P = 0.032). The cut‐off level of procalcitonin was 0.5 ng/mL for which sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosis of bacterial septic arthritis were 59.3%, 86% and 75.3%, respectively. The ROC curve analysis showed that procalcitonin had a good diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.89). The area under the curve of hs‐CRP and synovial fluid WBC were 0.67 (95% CI 0.55–0.79) and 0.821 (95% CI 0.720–0.923), respectively. Combining procalcitonin with other markers did not provide better sensitivity or specificity than procalcitonin alone.ConclusionSerum procalcitonin has a potential role in diagnosing acute bacterial septic arthritis, especially if arthrocenthesis cannot be performed.
Survival outcomes of Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients following primary androgen deprivation therapy in relation to prostate‐specific antigen nadir level
Authors: Teoh Jeremy Yuen Chun , Tsu James Hok Leung , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Chan Samson Yun Sang , Chiu Peter Ka Fung , Wong Ka‐Wing , Ho Kwan‐Lun , Hou Simon See Ming , Ng Chi‐Fai , Yiu Ming Kwong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the progression‐free survival (PFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients following primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in relation to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir level.MethodsAll Chinese prostate cancer patients with bone metastases who were treated with primary ADT from 2000 to 2009 were included. Patients' and disease characteristics were recorded. Patients were categorized into two PSA nadir groups (≤1.0 and >1.0 ng/mL). Associations of PSA nadir with PFS, CSS and OS were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. The survival outcomes of the two PSA nadir groups were presented.ResultsFour hundred nineteen patients were included in the study. PSA nadir appeared to be a good predictor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–2.56, P < 0.001), CSS (HR 1.60, 95% CI 0.98–2.64, P = 0.063) and OS (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20–2.41, P < 0.001) upon multivariate Cox regression analyses. In the PSA nadir groups of ≤1.0 and >1.0 ng/mL, the median PFS were 15 and 10 months, and the 1‐year PFS rates were 64% and 40%, respectively; the median CSS were 42 and 27 months, and the 5‐year OS rates were 53% and 28%, respectively; and the median OS were 41 and 24 months, and the 5‐year OS rates were 45% and 19%, respectively.ConclusionsHigher PSA nadir was associated with shorter PFS, CSS and OS in Chinese metastatic prostate cancer patients following primary ADT. The survival outcomes may serve as references in deciding the best treatment strategy in Chinese prostate cancer patients.
Developmental patterns of postictal refractoriness and potentiation akin to cortical stimulation
Authors: Mareš Pavel , Kubová Hana 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPostictal refractoriness checked by paired stimulations of the limbic structures was demonstrated to fail in rats <2 weeks old. Cortical epileptic afterdischarges were used in our study to examine if this phenomenon is restricted to old cortical structures or if it is a general one. Rats 12, 15, 18, 25, and 90 days old with implanted electrodes formed the experimental groups. Stimulation was performed by 15‐s series of 1‐msec pulses with suprathreshold intensity and frequency of 8 Hz. Paired stimulation of the cerebral cortex in 12‐day‐old rats elicited the second afterdischarge, even if the 30‐s interval was used. Refractoriness started to appear in the third postnatal week and developed progressively so that 25‐day‐old rats did not differ from adult animals, that is, an interval longer than 1 min was necessary for elicitation of the second seizure.
Characterization of an apparently synonymous F5 mutation causing aberrant splicing and factor V deficiency
Authors: Nuzzo F. , Bulato C. , Nielsen B. I. , Lee K. , Wielders S. J. , Simioni P. , Key N. S. , Castoldi E. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryCoagulation factor V (FV) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. We investigated a patient with severe FV deficiency (FV:C < 3%) and moderate bleeding symptoms. Thrombin generation experiments showed residual FV expression in the patient's plasma, which was quantified as 0.7 ± 0.3% by a sensitive prothrombinase‐based assay. F5 gene sequencing identified a novel missense mutation in exon 4 (c.578G>C, p.Cys193Ser), predicting the abolition of a conserved disulphide bridge, and an apparently synonymous variant in exon 8 (c.1281C>G). The observation that half of the patient's F5 mRNA lacked the last 18 nucleotides of exon 8 prompted us to re‐evaluate the c.1281C>G variant for its possible effects on splicing. Bioinformatics sequence analysis predicted that this transversion would activate a cryptic donor splice site and abolish an exonic splicing enhancer. Characterization in a F5 minigene model confirmed that the c.1281C>G variant was responsible for the patient's splicing defect, which could be partially corrected by a mutation‐specific morpholino antisense oligonucleotide. The aberrantly spliced F5 mRNA, whose stability was similar to that of the normal mRNA, encoded a putative FV mutant lacking amino acids 427–432. Expression in COS‐1 cells indicated that the mutant protein is poorly secreted and not functional. In conclusion, the c.1281C>G mutation, which was predicted to be translationally silent and hence neutral, causes FV deficiency by impairing pre‐mRNA splicing. This finding underscores the importance of cDNA analysis for the correct assessment of exonic mutations.
Spotlight on the human factor: building a foundation for the future of haemophilia A management
Authors: Kessler C. , Oldenburg J. , Ettingshausen C. Escuriola , Tiede A. , Khair K. , Négrier C. , Klamroth R. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryInhibitor development is the most serious and challenging complication in the treatment of severe haemophilia A. Up to 38% of such patients develop inhibitors with current recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) products produced in hamster cell lines. Human‐cl rhFVIII is a new generation fully sulfated B‐domain‐deleted FVIII coagulant glycoprotein, which is generated from a human cell line. Thus, there are no non‐human epitopes which would be potentially immunogenic. This molecule has significantly higher VWF‐binding affinity compared with existing full‐length rFVIII produced in hamster cell lines. The development aim of Human‐cl rhFVIII is to address the challenges of FVIII inhibitors and frequent infusions during prophylaxis. Human‐cl rhFVIII's mean half‐life is very comparable to some of the newer products which involve modification of the FVIII molecule to extend the circulating half‐life. There are promising data concerning the use of a personalized prophylaxis regimen with Human‐cl rhFVIII. Preliminary data indicate a median dosing interval of 3.5 days with 66.7% of the patients on a twice per week or fewer infusions schedule combined with a low bleeding rate and no increased FVIII consumption when compared to standard prophylaxis. No product‐specific laboratory assay is required to monitor the coagulation activity for Human‐cl rhFVIII. The results of registration clinical trials with Human‐cl rhFVIII as well as the ongoing studies in previously untreated patients (NuProtect) and personalized prophylaxis study in previously treated patients (NuPreviq), will be discussed. The manufacturer has received marketing authorization for Human‐cl rhFVIII in Europe and Canada under the name Nuwiq® and plans to launch it in the USA and globally in 2015.