bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of time to complete toileting for children with spina bifida
Authors: Gribble Nigel , Parsons Richard , Donlau Marie , Falkmer Torbjorn 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimPrevious research has shown that children with spina bifida use clean intermittent catheterisation for urination, a rather complex procedure that increases the time taken to completion. However, no studies have analysed the factors impacting on the time taken to complete the urination that could inform occupational therapy practice. Therefore, the aim was to identify the variables that predict extended time children with spina bifida take to complete urination.MethodsFifty children, aged 5–18 years old with spina bifida using clean intermittent catheterisation, were observed while toileting and responding to a set of assessments tools, among them the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. A logistic regression was used to identify which variables were independently associated with an extended toileting time.ResultsChildren with spina bifida do take long time to urinate. More than half of this study's participants required more than five minutes completing urination, but not all required extended times. Ambulant, independent girls were more likely to perform toileting in less than six minutes compared with other children with spina bifida. However, age, IQ, maintained focus on the task, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, time processing abilities and self‐reported ratings of independence appeared to be of no relevance, to predict extended toileting times.ConclusionTo minimise occupational disruption caused by extended toileting times, occupational therapists should utilise the relevant predictors: gender, independence and ambulation when they prioritise children for relevant interventions.
Application of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for occupational therapy research
Authors: Giesbrecht Ed 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimTheoretical models provide a framework for describing practice and integrating evidence into systematic research. There are few models that relate specifically to the provision of assistive technology in occupational therapy practice. The Human Activity Assistive Technology model is an enduring example that has continued to develop by integrating a social model of disability, concepts from occupational therapy theory and principles of assistive technology adoption and abandonment.MethodsThis study first describes the core concepts of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model and reviews its development over three successive published versions. A review of the research literature reflects application of the model to clinical practice, study design, outcome measure selection and interpretation of results, particularly among occupational therapists. An evaluative framework is used to critique the adequacy of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for practice and research, exploring attributes of clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility and importance. Finally, recommendations are proposed for continued development of the model and research applications.ResultsMost of the existing research literature employs the Human Activity Assistive Technology model for background and study design; there is emerging evidence to support the core concepts as predictive factors. Although the concepts are generally simple, clear and applicable to occupational therapy practice and research, evolving terminology and outcomes become more complex with the conflation of integrated theories.Conclusions and significanceThe development of the Human Activity Assistive Technology model offers enhanced access and application for occupational therapists, but poses challenges to clarity among concepts. Suggestions are made for further development and applications of the model.
Icariin attenuates high glucose‐induced type IV collagen and fibronectin accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells by inhibiting transforming growth factor‐β production and signalling through G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor 1
Authors: Li Yi‐Chen , Ding Xuan‐Sheng , Li Hui‐Mei , Zhang Cheng 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Icariin has been shown to attenuate diabetic nephropathy in rats by decreasing transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and type IV collagen expression, but its mode of action in glomerular mesangial cells is uncertain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of icariin on excess mesangial type IV collagen and fibronectin accumulation induced by high glucose, and to determine the mechanism underlying its protective effects.

Under high‐glucose conditions, icariin diminished type IV collagen and fibronectin accumulation, as well as TGF‐β production in human and rat mesangial cells. Mesangial cells treated with icariin after TGF‐β1 exposure expressed less type IV collagen and fibronectin than those without icariin treatment, suggesting inhibition by icariin of TGF‐β1 downstream pathways.

On TGF‐β1 stimulation, icariin inhibited TGF‐β canonical Smad signalling and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling by decreasing Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a dose‐dependent manner. U0126, which blocked the ERK1/2 pathway, exerted an additive effect on the icariin suppression of type IV collagen and fibronectin expression, enhancing the beneficial effects of icariin.

The G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER) antagonist, G‐15, abolished the icariin‐induced inhibition of type IV collagen, and fibronectin overproduction and TGF‐β signalling. Treatment of cells with fulvestrant, a downregulator of the oestrogen receptor, enhanced the action of icariin.

In conclusion, icariin decreased type IV collagen and fibronectin accumulation induced by high glucose in mesangial cells by inhibiting TGF‐β production, as well as Smad and ERK signalling in a GPER‐dependent manner.
A dual‐acidification process for the manufacture of direct‐acidified Cottage cheese
Authors: Makhal Subarna , Kanawjia Suresh K , Giri Apurba 
Published: June 2013

A technology is described for manufacturing Cottage cheese which involved initial cold (4 °C) acidification of milk with HCl to bring down the pH to 5.3 followed by tempering slowly to 15 °C and subsequent acidification through slow hydrolysis of glucono delta lactone, resulting in a drop in pH to 5.0 and thereafter renneting at 20 °C followed by setting and cutting of curd and subsequent cooking at 35 °C for ~30 min. The method enabled manufacturing of Cottage cheese curd with average moisture, curd yield and curd hardness being 74.30%, 11.88% and 648.30 mN, respectively.
δ18O of Ethanol in Wine and Spirits for Authentication Purposes
Authors: Perini Matteo , Camin Federica 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSince 1986 the European Union has established official isotopic analysis methods for detecting the illegal addition of sugar and water to wine and to enable geographical traceability. In this paper we investigate the possibility of using analysis of the 18O/16O stable isotope ratio (expressed as δ18O) of ethanol to improve detection of the watering of wine and to determine the origin of ethanol. Sixty‐nine authentic wine samples from all over Italy, 59 spirits from fruit and cereals, 5 chemically synthesized ethanols, one concentrated and rectified must, one beet and one cane sugar, one fresh must, and 6 waters with increasing δ18O values were considered. Ethanol was recovered by distillation, using a Cadiot spinning band column, following the official OIV methods. The residual water was trapped by storing the distillate for at least 24 h on a molecular sieve. The 18O/16O ratio was measured using a pyrolyser interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The δ‐18O of ethanol is significantly related to the δ18O of the fermentation water and can be considered as a reliable internal reference. The values ranged from +24‰ to +36‰ in wine (years 2008 to 2012), +10‰ to +26‰ in fruit and cereal distillates, and from –2‰ to +12‰ in synthetic ethanol. The method was shown to be effective in improving detection of the watering of wine and determining the origin of ethanol (from grapes, other fruit, or synthesis), but not in detecting the addition of cane or beet sugar to wine.
Quality Assessment of Commercially Processed Carbon Monoxide‐Treated Tilapia Fillets
Authors: Pivarnik Lori F. , Faustman Cameron , Suman Surendranath P. , Palmer Catherine , Richard Nicole L. , Ellis P. Christopher , DiLiberti Michael 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) has been used to stabilize the color of fish muscle during frozen storage and distribution. This study compared changes in the quality profiles of CO‐treated and untreated (UT) tilapia fillets stored at 21 to 22 °C (room temperature), 4 to 5 °C (refrigerated), and 0 °C (iced). Samples (n = 3) were analyzed at different time intervals for chemical, lipid oxidation, microbiological, color, and expert sensory profiles. CO samples contained greater (P < 0.05) apparent ammonia and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) at day 0, with greater (P < 0.05) TVB‐N throughout refrigerated and iced storage. At time 0, peroxide values (POV) and thiobarbituric‐acid‐reactive substances were lower (P < 0.05) for CO samples and continued to have lower trends throughout all storage temperatures. Microbiological analysis at time 0 did not show any differences between UT and CO samples. Redness (a*) color values were greater (P < 0.05) in CO tilapia at time 0; however, treated product showed a more rapid decline in a* throughout all storage temperatures. While expert sensory evaluation showed no statistical differences between UT and CO tilapia at time 0, CO product failed sensory assessment sooner than UT product when stored refrigerated and in ice.
Experimental diabetes‐induced testicular damage in prepubertal rats (在青春期前大鼠中实验性糖尿病导致的睾丸损伤)
Authors: Kyathanahalli Chandrashekara , Bangalore Srinag , Hanumanthappa Krishnamurthy , Muralidhara  
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a marked increase in the prevalence of childhood and/or adolescent diabetes worldwide. Testicular dysfunction in adult‐onset diabetes is well established, whereas the impact of early onset diabetes on the functional development of the testis remains elusive. In the present study we investigated early oxidative impairments and progressive histological changes in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic prepubertal rat testis.MethodsTestes were sampled from prepubertal rats injected with a single bolus of STZ (90 mg/kg, i.p.) on Days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after STZ injection for quantitation of testicular oxidative stress parameters in isolated subcellular fractions and mitochondrial and microsomal functional efficiency, as well as at weekly intervals over a period of 8 weeks for histological and flow cytometry analyses.ResultsPrepubertal diabetic rats were severely hyperglycemic with reduced testes size. At the subcellular level, a progressive increase in oxidative stress parameters was discernible in the cytosolic and microsomal compartments from Day 1 after STZ, together with decreased antioxidant defenses. Surprisingly, tissue ascorbate and free catalytic iron levels were notably increased in diabetic rat testis. Mitochondrial dysfunction was manifested from Day 5, as evidenced by a reduction in electron transport activity. Histologically, tissue sections showed distorted seminiferous tubules and extensive cell vacuolization with progressive disappearance of spermatids in the lumen by Week 7 after STZ injection, observations that were consistent with flow cytometry data.ConclusionsHerein we provide evidence that the onset of diabetes brings about oxidative changes at the subcellular level that cumulatively affect the functional growth of testes.
Antidepressants and the risk of suicide in young persons – prescription trends and toxicological analyses
Authors: Isacsson G. , Ahlner J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo assess trends in the use of antidepressants among young suicides after the warning that these drugs might increase the risk of suicide.MethodIndividual data of all 845 suicides in the 10‐ to 19‐year age group in Sweden in the time period 1992–2003 (baseline), and in 2004–2010 (after the warning). Outcome data are prescriptions of antidepressants prior to death and detections of antidepressants in post‐mortem toxicology.ResultsAfter the warning, suicide in this age group increased for five consecutive years (60.5%). The increase occurred among individuals not treated with antidepressants.ConclusionThis study provides further support for the hypothesis that the warning, contrary to its intention, may have increased young suicides by leaving a number of suicidal young persons without treatment with antidepressants.
Pain is associated with heroin use over time in HIV‐infected Russian drinkers
Authors: Tsui Judith I. , Cheng Debbie M. , Coleman Sharon M. , Blokhina Elena , Bridden Carly , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsTo evaluate whether pain was associated with increased risk of using heroin, stimulants or cannabis among HIV‐infected drinkers in Russia.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal data from the HERMITAGE study (HIV's Evolution in Russia—Mitigating Infection Transmission and Alcoholism in a Growing Epidemic), a behavioral randomized controlled trial, with data collected at baseline, 6‐month and 12‐month visits.SettingRecruitment occurred at HIV and addiction treatment sites in St Petersburg, Russian Federation.ParticipantsSix hundred and ninety‐nine HIV‐infected adult drinkers.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was past month illicit drug use; secondary outcomes examined each drug (heroin, stimulants and cannabis) separately. The main predictor was pain that interfered at least moderately with daily living. General estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between pain and subsequent illicit drug use, adjusting for potential confounders.FindingsParticipants reporting pain appeared to have higher odds of using illicit drugs, although the results did not reach statistical significance [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99, 1.76, P = 0.06]. There was a significant association between pain and heroin use (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.11–2.15, P = 0.01) but not use of other drugs (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.40–1.40, P = 0.35 for stimulants and OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.45–1.07, P = 0.09 for cannabis).ConclusionsHIV‐infected Russian drinkers who report pain are more likely to use heroin over time than HIV‐infected Russian drinkers who do not report pain. Pain may be an unrecognized risk factor for persistent heroin use with implications for HIV transmission in Russia.
Movement outcomes of infants born moderate and late preterm
Authors: Odd David Edward , Lingam Raghu , Emond Alan , Whitelaw Andrew 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate whether children born between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation have an increased risk of motor coordination difficulties or cerebral palsy (CP) at age 7 years.MethodsA cohort study based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The primary outcomes were poor motor coordination, defined as an ALSPAC coordination test score <5th centile or the presence of CP. Exposure groups were defined as moderate or late preterm (32–36 weeks of gestation) or term (37–42 weeks). Regression models were used to investigate the association between gestational age and outcomes. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing covariate data.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, there was strong evidence that children born at moderate or late preterm had worse coordination (OR 1.41 (1.14–1.74)) and higher risk of CP (OR 6.38 (2.28–17.76)) than term peers. However, restricting the analysis to well‐grown infants born vaginally, in good condition, the associations attenuated substantially.ConclusionsModerate or late preterm infants were at increased risk of developing coordination problems and cerebral palsy. After restricting the analysis to ‘well’ infants the associations of gestation with the coordination measures and CP reduced substantially, suggesting that antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal causal pathways are likely to be involved.
Delivering perinatal psychiatric services in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Hatters Friedman Susan , Kessler Ann , Nagle Yang Sarah , Parsons Sarah , Friedman Harriet , Martin Richard J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo describe characteristics of mothers who would likely benefit from on‐site short‐term psychiatric services while their infant is in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsFor 150 consecutive mothers who were referred for psychiatric evaluation and psychotherapeutic intervention in an innovative NICU mental health programme, baseline information was collected. Data regarding their referrals, diagnosis, treatments and infants were analysed.ResultsMost mothers were referred because of depression (43%), anxiety (44%) and/or difficulty coping with their infant's medical problems and hospitalization (60%). Mothers of VLBW infants were disproportionately more likely to be referred. A majority of mothers accepted the referral and were treated; most only required short‐term psychotherapy. A minority resisted or refused psychiatric assessment; a quarter of these had more difficult interactions with staff or inappropriate behaviours. In these cases, the role of the psychiatrist was to work with staff to promote healthy interactions and to foster maternal‐infant bonding.ConclusionOverall, on‐site psychiatric services have been accepted by a majority of referred NICU mothers, and most did not require long‐term treatment. A considerable need exists for psychiatric services in the NICU to promote optimal parenting and interactions.
Urinary angiotensinogen as a novel marker of obstructive nephropathy in children
Authors: Taranta‐Janusz Katarzyna , Wasilewska Anna , Dębek Wojciech , Fiłonowicz Renata , Michaluk‐Skutnik Joanna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimObstructive nephropathy due to congenital or acquired urinary tract obstruction is one of the most important causes of chronic renal failure in children. There is a need for identification of new noninvasive urinary biomarkers to provide the clinician with fast, specific and reliable diagnostic and prognostic tool.The aim of the study was to determine whether urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT) may be a useful marker of obstruction in children with hydronephrosis (HN) caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).MethodsThe study cohort consisted of surgical group (SG): 31 children with severe HN who required surgery; nonsurgical group (NSG): 20 patients with mild HN, and reference group (RG): 19 healthy children. Urinary concentrations of angiotensinogen were measured using immunoenzymatic ELISA commercial kit and were expressed in ng/mg Cre (uAGT/uCre).ResultsuAGT/uCre level was higher in SG when compared to NSG (p < 0.01) and healthy participants (SG vs. RG: p < 0.01). The difference between the uAGT/uCre in NSG and RG was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). uAGT/uCre was correlated negatively with differential renal function (r = −0.46; p < 0.01).ConclusionThe present pilot study has clearly demonstrated that children with UPJO showed increased uAGT levels, which correlated negatively with differential renal function in radionuclide scan.
Hereditary‐like urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract benefit more from adjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy than do sporadic tumours
Authors: Hollande Clémence , Colin Pierre , de La Motte Rouge Thibault , Audenet François , Yates David R. , Phé Véronique , Ouzzane Adil , Droupy Stéphane , Ruffion Alain , de La Taille Alexandre , Guy Laurent , Cussenot Olivier , Rozet François , Xylinas Evanguelos , Zerbib Marc , Spano Jean‐Philippe , Khayat David , Bitker Marc‐Olivier , Rouprêt Morgan ,   French Collaborative National Working‐Group on UTUC
Published: June 2013

Objective
To evaluate the impact of ‘hereditary‐like’ status in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) on the survival of patients who have undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Patients and Methods
A multicentre retrospective study was performed on all patients with high‐risk UTUC who underwent RNU and adjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.
Using a patient risk identification tool, we distinguished tumours suspected to be hereditary from sporadic tumours and compared survival rates.
Results
A total of 112 patients with a median age of 67 years were included. Hereditary‐like tumour status was detected in 35 patients (31.3%), while 77 patients (68.7%) had sporadic tumours.
The median age was significantly younger in the hereditary‐like tumour group (56.0 vs 69.8 years, P < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) after chemotherapy was significantly better in the group with hereditary‐like tumours than in the group with sporadic tumours (5‐year OS: 48.2 vs 32%; P = 0.008).
The cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rate was significantly better in the group with ‘hereditary‐like’ tumours than in the group with sporadic tumours (5‐year CSS: 58 vs 35%; P = 0.006).
Although there was a trend in favour of the hereditary‐like tumours, we observed no significant difference regarding progression‐free survival (PFS) between the two groups (5‐year PFS: 71 vs 52%; P = 0.07).
Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU improves survival outcomes in patients with hereditary‐like UTUC compared with those with sporadic tumours.
Clinical trial risk in castration‐resistant prostate cancer: immunotherapies show promise
Authors: Tenuta Alessandro , Klotz Laurence , Parker Jayson L. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To determine the risk of failure during drug development in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and to identify factors that could improve outcomes.
Methods
We investigated CRPC by analysing compounds in phase I to phase III clinical trials between 1998 and April 2011.
Drug development failures were classified as medical or commercial and were compared with industry expectations.
Compounds were excluded from analysis if their phase I occurred before 1998, if they targeted patients that were did not have hormone‐refractory prostate cancer, or if they did not assess outcomes such as overall survival, time to disease progression, or prostate‐specific antigen levels.
Results
Thorough searches of clinicaltrial.gov and other databases yielded 77 compounds that met the inclusion criteria.
The cumulative pass rate for first‐line compounds in CRPC was 3% and was far below aggregate industry expectations.
In total, there were nearly equivalent numbers of commercial and medical failures.
Biological products were found to have had greater relative success than small‐molecule drugs and biotechnology firms had been slightly more successful than pharmaceutical firms in this disease indication.
Phase III failures were high, despite equally high failures during phase II.
Conclusions
Currently, one in 33 compounds that enters clinical testing will be awarded US Food and Drug Administration approval. This appears to be the highest risk indication investigated to date, based on clinical trial studies alone, with an average cost of $1.411bn to bring a new drug to market when adjusted for risk.
Development of radical therapeutics such as immunotherapies may also be warranted instead of classic antineoplastic therapeutics.
Given the high clinical trial risk, efforts may have to shift to biomarker and surrogate endpoints to manage future clinical trial risk in prostate cancer.