bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fensterlüfter in der Gebäudesanierung
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Geissler Achim , Huber Heinrich 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBei der energetischen Gebäudeerneuerung werden oftmals nur die Fenster ausgetauscht. Wird keine mechanische Lüftungsanlage eingebaut, die einen kontinuierlichen Luftaustausch gewährleistet, können mit dichteren Fenstern Feuchtigkeitsprobleme entstehen. Abhilfe wäre mit dem Einbau von Fensterlüftern möglich. Dabei entsteht einerseits die Frage, ob diese allein in der Lage sind, den Feuchteschutzluftwechsel zu gewährleisten. Andererseits ist ungeklärt, wie hoch die möglichen Einsparungen sind, wenn man die Fensterlüfter mit einer Zu‐ und Abluftanlage mit Wärmerückgewinnung (WRG) vergleicht. Der Aufsatz behandelt Fensterlüfter ohne WRG in querbelüfteten Wohnungen. Thermische Simulationen einer typischen Wohnung im Mehrfamilienhaus zeigen, dass der Feuchteschutzluftwechsel allein mit Fensterlüftern nur schwer zu gewährleisten ist. In Kombination mit einer zeitgesteuerten Bedarfslüftung in Küche und Bad ist eine Deckung möglich. Allerdings müssen Fensterlüfter mit einem genügend großen Luftdurchlass eingesetzt werden (ca. 15 m3/h bei 2 Pa). Wird statt der Fensterlüfter eine Zu‐ und Abluftanlage mit WRG eingesetzt, so lassen sich beim ungedämmten Gebäude rund 20 % Heizenergie einsparen, beim gedämmten Gebäude sogar knapp 60 %.Passive window ventilation openings for building refurbishment. A thorough building refurbishment generally includes window replacement and thermal insulation of the opaque building envelope. However, quite often only a window replacement is done and the building envelope is left uninsulated. If there is no mechanical ventilation system installed which ensures continuous air exchange, new airtight windows usually lead to a reduced infiltration air exchanged and subsequently there may be moisture damage. A possible solution could be the integration of passive window ventilation openings (PWVO). This raises two questions: Firstly, can PWVOs guarantee the necessary ventilation rate to avoid moisture damage? Secondly, how do PWVOs compare to a ventilation system with heat recovery in terms of heating demand? This Article deals with passive window ventilation openings without heat recovery in flats with cross ventilation. Based on transient building simulation of a typical dwelling unit it is shown that the PWVOs by themselves cannot guarantee a sufficient ventilation rate for moisture control. With additional exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom(s) the required ventilation rate can be achieved. However, PWVOs with high air flow rates (approx. 15 m3/h at 2 Pa) must be used. Compared to PWVOs the installation of a ventilation system with heat recovery leads to energy savings of approx. 20 % in an uninsulated building. In a building where the building envelope has also been insulated, the savings would be approx. 60 %.
Controlling the morphology of metal‐triggered collagen peptide assemblies through ligand alteration
Authors: Kotha Raghavendhar R. , Chmielewski Jean 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA number of methods have been explored to promote the higher order assembly of collagen peptide triple helices. In one case, NCoH, a complex hierarchical metal‐promoted assembly was observed to form micron‐scaled florettes with a ruffled surface topology at the nanoscale. In an effort to elucidate the role of the ligands in this collagen peptide assemblage, we reduced the number of carboxylates within the N‐terminal ligand to produce a new peptide, ICoH. A striking difference in the morphology of the metal‐triggered material was observed with ICoH, with stacked arrays of nanofibrils predominating. As the peptide to metal ion ratio was increased, the length of the stacks of fibrils was also observed to increase. These data demonstrate that a significantly less complex assembly process occurs with the removal of a single carboxylate moiety from the metal binding ligand at the termini of the collagen peptide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 379–383, 2015.
Biotransformation and metabolic profile of caudatin‐2,6‐dideoxy‐3‐O‐methy‐β‐d‐cymaropyranoside with human intestinal microflora by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Wei , Peng Yun‐ru , Ding Yong‐fang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn our previous studies, caudatin‐2,6‐dideoxy‐3‐O‐methy‐β‐d‐ cymaropyranoside (CDMC) was for the first time isolated from Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wightand and was reported to possess a wide range of biological activities. However, the routes and metabolites of CDMC produced by intestinal bacteria are not well understood. In this study, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) technique combined with MetabolynxTMsoftware was applied to analyze metabolites of CDMC by human intestinal bacteria. The incubated samples collected for 48 h in an anaerobic incubator and extracted with ethyl acetate were analyzed by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS within 12 min. Eight metabolites were identified based on MS and MS/MS data. The results indicated that hydrolysis, hydrogenation, demethylation and hydroxylation were the major metabolic pathways of CDMC in vitro. Seven strains of bacteria including Bacillus sp. 46, Enterococcus sp. 30 and sp. 45, Escherichia sp. 49A, sp. 64, sp. 68 and sp. 75 were further identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing owing to their relatively strong metabolic capacity toward CDMC. The present study provides important information about metabolic routes of CDMC and the roles of different intestinal bacteria in the metabolism of CDMC. Moreover, those metabolites might influence the biological effect of CDMC in vivo, which affects the clinical effects of this medicinal plant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ontology engineering in the era of linked data
Authors: Corcho Oscar , Poveda‐Villalón María , Gómez‐Pérez Asunción 
Published: May 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYOntology engineering encompasses the method, tools and techniques used to develop ontologies. Without requiring ontologies, linked data is driving a paradigm shift, bringing benefits and drawbacks to the publishing world. Ontologies may be heavyweight, supporting deep understanding of a domain, or lightweight, suited to simple classification of concepts and more adaptable for linked data. They also vary in domain specificity, usability and reusabilty. Hybrid vocabularies drawing elements from diverse sources often suffer from internally incompatible semantics. To serve linked data purposes, ontology engineering teams require a range of skills in philosophy, computer science, web development, librarianship and domain expertise.
Rational Design of a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Arene–Metal‐Ion Contact for Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Detection in Living Cells
Authors: Kawagoe Ryosuke , Takashima Ippei , Usui Kazuteru , Kanegae Anna , Ozawa Yusuke , Ojida Akio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report the design and development of a fluorescent CdII ion complex that is capable of the ratiometric detection of H2S in living cells. This probe exploits the metal‐ion‐induced emission red shift resulting from direct contact between the aromatic ring of a fluorophore and a metal ion (i.e., arene–metal‐ion or “AM” contact). The CdII complex displays a large emission blue shift upon interaction with H2S as the CdII‐free ligand is released by the formation of cadmium sulfide. Screening of potential ligands and fluorophores led to the discovery of a pyronine‐type probe, 6⋅CdII, that generated a sensitive and rapid ratio value change upon interaction with H2S, without interference from the glutathione that is abundant in the cell. The membrane‐impermeable 6⋅CdII was successfully translocated into live cells by using an oligo‐arginine peptide and pyrenebutylate as carriers. As such, 6⋅CdII was successfully applied to the ratiometric detection of both exogenous and endogenous H2S produced by the enzymes in living cells, thus demonstrating the utility of 6⋅CdII in biological fluorescence analysis.
Personalization of models with many model parameters: an efficient sensitivity analysis approach
Authors: Donders W. P. , Huberts W. , van de Vosse F. N. , Delhaas T. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryUncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis are indispensable for patient‐specific applications of models that enhance diagnosis or aid decision‐making. Variance‐based sensitivity analysis methods, which apportion each fraction of the output uncertainty (variance) to the effects of individual input parameters or their interactions, are considered the gold standard. The variance portions are called the Sobol sensitivity indices and can be estimated by a Monte Carlo (MC) approach (e.g., Saltelli's method [1]) or by employing a metamodel (e.g., the (generalized) polynomial chaos expansion (gPCE) [2, 3]). All these methods require a large number of model evaluations when estimating the Sobol sensitivity indices for models with many parameters [4]. To reduce the computational cost, we introduce a two‐step approach. In the first step, a subset of important parameters is identified for each output of interest using the screening method of Morris [5]. In the second step, a quantitative variance‐based sensitivity analysis is performed using gPCE. Efficient sampling strategies are introduced to minimize the number of model runs required to obtain the sensitivity indices for models considering multiple outputs. The approach is tested using a model that was developed for predicting post‐operative flows after creation of a vascular access for renal failure patients. We compare the sensitivity indices obtained with the novel two‐step approach with those obtained from a reference analysis that applies Saltelli's MC method. The two‐step approach was found to yield accurate estimates of the sensitivity indices at two orders of magnitude lower computational cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Decoupled Potential Integral Equation for Time‐Harmonic Electromagnetic Scattering
Authors: Vico Felipe , Ferrando Miguel , Greengard Leslie , Gimbutas Zydrunas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a new formulation for the problem of electromagnetic scattering from perfect electric conductors. While our representation for the electric and magnetic fields is based on the standard vector and scalar potentials A,φ in the Lorenz gauge, we establish boundary conditions on the potentials themselves rather than on the field quantities. This permits the development of a well‐conditioned second‐kind Fredholm integral equation that has no spurious resonances, avoids low‐frequency breakdown, and is insensitive to the genus of the scatterer. The equations for the vector and scalar potentials are decoupled. That is, the unknown scalar potential defining the scattered field, φscat, is determined entirely by the incident scalar potential φinc. Likewise, the unknown vector potential defining the scattered field, Ascat is determined entirely by the incident vector potential Ainc. This decoupled formulation is valid not only in the static limit but for arbitrary ω ≥ 0$. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apache Airavata: design and directions of a science gateway framework
Authors: Pierce Marlon E. , Marru Suresh , Gunathilake Lahiru , Wijeratne Don Kushan , Singh Raminder , Wimalasena Chathuri , Ratnayaka Shameera , Pamidighantam Sudhakar 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper provides an overview and roadmap of the Apache Airavata software system for science gateways. Gateways use Airavata to manage application and workflow executions on a range of backend resources (grids, computing clouds, and local clusters). Airavata's design goal is to provide component abstractions for major tasks required to provide gateway application management. Components are not directly accessed but are instead exposed through component programming interfaces. This design allows gateway developers to take full advantage of Airavata's capabilities and Airavata developers (including those interested in middleware research) to modify Airavata's implementations and behavior. This is particularly important as Airavata evolves to become a scalable, elastic ‘platform as a service’ for science gateways. We illustrate the capabilities of Airavata through the discussion of usage vignettes. As an Apache Software Foundation project, Airavata's open community governance model is as important as its software base. We discuss how this works within Airavata and how it may be applicable to other distributed computing infrastructure and cyberinfrastructure efforts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral turning bands for efficient Gaussian random fields generation on GPUs and accelerators
Authors: Hunger Lars , Cosenza Biagio , Kimeswenger Stefan , Fahringer Thomas 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA random field (RF) is a set of correlated random variables associated with different spatial locations. RF generation algorithms are of crucial importance for many scientific areas, such as astrophysics, geostatistics, computer graphics, and many others. Current approaches commonly make use of 3D fast Fourier transform (FFT), which does not scale well for RF bigger than the available memory; they are also limited to regular rectilinear meshes.We introduce random field generation with the turning band method (RAFT), an RF generation algorithm based on the turning band method that is optimized for massively parallel hardware such as GPUs and accelerators. Our algorithm replaces the 3D FFT with a lower‐order, one‐dimensional FFT followed by a projection step and is further optimized with loop unrolling and blocking. RAFT can easily generate RF on non‐regular (non‐uniform) meshes and efficiently produce fields with mesh sizes bigger than the available device memory by using a streaming, out‐of‐core approach. Our algorithm generates RF with the correct statistical behavior and is tested on a variety of modern hardware, such as NVIDIA Tesla, AMD FirePro and Intel Phi. RAFT is faster than the traditional methods on regular meshes and has been successfully applied to two real case scenarios: planetary nebulae and cosmological simulations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unraveling the Degradation Mechanism of Purine Nucleotides Photosensitized by Pterins: The Role of Charge‐Transfer Steps
Authors: Serrano Mariana P. , Lorente Carolina , Borsarelli Claudio D. , Thomas Andrés H. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhotosensitized reactions contribute to the development of skin cancer and are used in many applications. Photosensitizers can act through different mechanisms. It is currently accepted that if the photosensitizer generates singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) upon irradiation, the target molecule can undergo oxidation by this reactive oxygen species and the reaction needs dissolved O2 to proceed, therefore the reaction is classified as 1O2‐mediated oxidation (type II mechanism). However, this assumption is not always correct, and as an example, a study on the degradation of 2′‐deoxyguanosine 5′‐monophosphate photosensitized by pterin is presented. A general mechanism is proposed to explain how the degradation of biological targets, such as nucleotides, photosensitized by pterins, naturally occurring 1O2 photosensitizers, takes place through an electron‐transfer‐initiated process (type I mechanism), whereas the contribution of the 1O2‐mediated oxidation is almost negligible.
The birth of time‐of‐flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction at pulsed neutron source (invited)
Authors: Sosnowska Izabela M. 
Published: May 2015

Behind every improvement there is a story.The early history of the TOF neutron powder diffraction technique is presented. Successes and problems in the application of this technique in material science are reported. Powder diffraction technique is very useful when materials, in a single crystal form, reveal complicated electric and magnetic domain structures. Finding and describing the magnetic structure of multiferroics is the great success of ultra‐high resolution TOF neutron diffraction. This unique role of the TOF method in discovery of the modulated magnetic structure of BiFeO3 is presented. To date, the TOF powder neutron diffraction technique gives the richest information on the long period modulated magnetic structure of BiFeO3 and its solid solutions. Determination of magnetic moment direction in a crystal lattice is the unique area of application of the TOF technique. The current status and perspectives of the application of the TOF neutron powder diffraction technique in material science are presented in the review.
Performance and sensitivity evaluation of 3D spot detection methods in confocal microscopy
Authors: Štěpka Karel , Matula Pavel , Matula Petr , Wörz Stefan , Rohr Karl , Kozubek Michal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReliable 3D detection of diffraction‐limited spots in fluorescence microscopy images is an important task in subcellular observation. Generally, fluorescence microscopy images are heavily degraded by noise and non‐specifically stained background, making reliable detection a challenging task. In this work, we have studied the performance and parameter sensitivity of eight recent methods for 3D spot detection. The study is based on both 3D synthetic image data and 3D real confocal microscopy images. The synthetic images were generated using a simulator modeling the complete imaging setup, including the optical path as well as the image acquisition process. We studied the detection performance and parameter sensitivity under different noise levels and under the influence of uneven background signal. To evaluate the parameter sensitivity, we propose a novel measure based on the gradient magnitude of theF1score. We measured the success rate of the individual methods for different types of the image data and found that the type of image degradation is an important factor. Using theF1score and the newly proposed sensitivity measure, we found that the parameter sensitivity is not necessarily proportional to the success rate of a method. This also provided an explanation why the best performing method for synthetic data was outperformed by other methods when applied to the real microscopy images. On the basis of the results obtained, we conclude with the recommendation of the HDome method for data with relatively low variations in quality, or the Sorokin method for image sets in which the quality varies more. We also provide alternative recommendations for high‐quality images, and for situations in which detailed parameter tuning might be deemed expensive. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Resurgence of anorexic symptoms during smoking cessation in patients with a history of anorexia nervosa: An unseen problem?—Report of two cases
Authors: Simioni Nicolas , Cottencin Olivier 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis report describes a resurgence of anorexic symptoms during a smoking cessation program in two patients with a history of anorexia nervosa. These two events were identified among patients lost to follow‐up by using a strategy implemented to limit early drop out. In both cases, the resurgence of anorexic symptoms occurred rapidly after having reached abstinence from tobacco and was described as a response to the weight gain they had experienced just after the start of smoking cessation. The smoking cessation process itself was considered as the most plausible explanation for these two events. Given the potential serious consequences, further research is needed to determine whether such events are frequent during smoking cessation but being unseen because of being hidden in the loss to follow‐up. This report also suggests that systematic screening for both binge eating and anorexic behaviors during smoking cessation is warranted. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:798–801)
Facile Synthesis of Bimodal Mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2 Composite for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue
Authors: Tan Xianjun , Lu Liujia , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA facile self‐assembly synthetic procedure was exploited to fabricate mesoporous‐silica‐capped Fe3O4 mesoporous clusters, so‐called bimodal mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2 composites. Structural characterization demonstrated that the core of the Fe3O4 clusters is coated with a mesoporous silica shell of uniform size distribution. Moreover, unprecedentedly good tunability of the core size (180–1700 nm) and the shell thickness (20–75 nm) is achievable by changing the synthetic parameters. Application of the composite in the removal of the organic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was examined. The composite exhibits excellent adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution (33.12 mg g–1) within 5 min and is easily regenerated by the photo‐Fenton degradation reaction as a result of its high specific surface area, accessible pore channels, and good magnetic separation properties. This novel adsorbent promises extensive application in the practical removal of organic dyes.
Decreased activity with increased background network efficiency in amnestic MCI during a visuospatial working memory task
Authors: Lou Wutao , Shi Lin , Wang Defeng , Tam Cindy W.C. , Chu Winnie C.W. , Mok Vincent C.T. , Cheng Sheung‐Tak , Lam Linda C.W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the working memory impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the neurophysiological basis of the working memory deficit in aMCI is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the abnormal activity during encoding and recognition procedures, as well as the reorganization of the background network maintaining the working memory state in aMCI. Using event‐related fMRI during a visuospatial working memory task with three recognition difficulty levels, the task‐related activations and network efficiency of the background network in 17 aMCI patients and 19 matched controls were investigated. Compared with cognitively healthy controls, patients with aMCI showed significantly decreased activity in the frontal and visual cortices during the encoding phase, while during the recognition phase, decreased activity was detected in the frontal, parietal, and visual regions. In addition, increased local efficiency was also observed in the background network of patients with aMCI. The results suggest patients with aMCI showed impaired encoding and recognition functions during the visuospatial working memory task, and may pay more effort to maintain the cognitive state. This study extends our understanding of the impaired working memory function in aMCI and provides a new perspective to investigate the compensatory mechanism in aMCI. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3387–3403, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.