bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Future Capital Investment and R&D Expenditures on Firms' Liquidity
Authors: Baum Christopher F. , Caglayan Mustafa , Talavera Oleksandr 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe paper explores factors that lead to accumulation or decumulation of firms' cash reserves. In particular, the paper empirically examines whether additional future fixed capital and R&D investment expenditures induce firms to change their liquidity ratio while considering the role of market imperfections. Implementing a dynamic framework on a panel of US, UK, and German firms, it is found that firms in all three countries make larger adjustments to cash holdings when they plan additional future R&D rather than fixed capital investment expenditures. This behavior is particularly prevalent among financially constrained firms.
The Interactions between the Credit Default Swap and the Bond Markets in Financial Turmoil
Authors: Coudert Virginie , Gex Mathieu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe analyse the links between credit default swap (CDS) and bond spreads in order to determine which one is the leading market in the price discovery process. To do that, we construct a sample of CDS premia and bond spreads on a generic 5‐year bond for 17 financials and 18 sovereigns. First, we run panel vector error correction model estimations, showing that the CDS market has a lead over the bond market for financial institutions. This also holds for high‐yield sovereigns, whereas the reverse is found for low‐yield sovereigns in the core of the euro area. We interpret these results according to the relative liquidity of both markets for different types of entities. Second, we check for nonlinearities in the adjustment process. Results show that the CDS market's lead is amplified when default risk increases, during crisis periods, as well as continuously when CDS premia increase.
On the Joint Test of the Uncovered Interest Parity and the Ex‐ante Purchasing Power Parity
Authors: Macchiarelli Corrado 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study revisits the relation between the uncovered interest parity (UIP), the ex‐ante purchasing power parity (EXPPP) and the real interest parity (RIP) for the UK and Japanese vs US data. The original contribution is on developing some joint coefficient‐based tests, obtained by rewriting the UIP, the EXPPP and the RIP as a set of cross‐equation restrictions in a vector autoregression (VAR) framework. Test results point to a “forward premium” bias in both the UIP and the EXPPP. The latter result is novel in the literature and stems from testing the PPP in expectational terms. Moreover, the results suggest a currency‐dependent pattern for the UIP, contrarily to the EXPPP equation. Finally, it is shown that conditioning the VAR on M3 growth differential has important explanatory power in resolving the aforementioned biases in both the UIP and EXPPP equations for the UK vs US data. At the same time, variables having a strong forward‐looking component (i.e. share prices) help recover a unitary coefficient in the UIP equation.
Barriers to Global Free Trade through Bilateral Agreements
Authors: Kiyotaki Fumi , Miyakawa Toshiji 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the formation of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) in the context of a dynamic noncooperative bargaining game with a random proposer. We show that global free trade (a grand coalition) does not necessarily occur unless transfer payments among countries are allowed. When transfer payments are possible, bilateral FTAs always achieve global free trade, but the ex‐ante and ex‐post inequalities of social welfare among countries are larger than those when all countries are independent because of the strategic bargaining behavior.
Modes of Foreign Direct Investment and Intellectual Property Rights Protection: Wholly‐owned or Joint Venture? Firm‐level Evidence from Taiwanese Multinational Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: Chen Po‐Lu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper finds evidence from Taiwanese manufacturing multinational enterprises (MNEs) for the period 2003–2005 to show that Taiwanese manufacturing MNEs are more likely to choose joint ventures (JVs) if intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the foreign direct investment (FDI) host country is strong. The estimation results suggest that if a country with an IPR strength similar to the level of Chile increases its IPR protection to the strength of Taiwan, the probability of forming JVs in that country will increase by 13.8%. One policy implication of this study is that developing countries can stimulate local participation by IPR reform.
International Organization of Production with Heterogeneous Firms
Authors: Kersting Erasmus K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a North–South model with differentiated goods being produced in the North. Each differentiated final good requires both management and manufacturing services as inputs, and firms are heterogeneous with regard to their productivity levels in providing these inputs. Two scenarios of relocating manufacturing to the South, which are interpreted to correspond to vertical foreign direct investment (FDI) and offshoring, are investigated. In both cases there is a minimum level of management productivity required for firms to benefit from relocation of manufacturing to the South. In the case of offshoring, productivity and profit gains are relatively larger for firms with low initial manufacturing productivity. Firms with high initial productivity in both aspects choose not to offshore owing to the presence of fixed costs. The model is subsequently used to examine the implications of global economic integration on the type of firm that exits an industry, changes production location or keeps manufacturing domestically.
Thermal Radiofrequency Denervation of the Suprascapular Nerve for Chronic Shoulder Pain
Authors: Bone Margaret E. , Armstrong Alison , Bashir Intazar , Haynes John 
Published: July 2013

Background Chronic shoulder pain is an increasing problem in the ageing population. For patients with inoperable problems, management of persistent pain is often inadequate with current non-operative measures. Suprascapular nerve (SSN) block and pulsed radiofrequency (RF) treatment of the SSN gives relief for up to 12 weeks. It is considered that continuous thermal radiofrequency treatment (CTRF) of the SSN may give longer pain relief. Methods Sixty-two patients with chronic shoulder pain were assessed for CTRF treatment of the SSN using a standard technique with a Neurotherm RF lesion generator under image intensification as a day case. Results The mean age of the patients was 74 years. The majority of patients had a significant rotator cuff lesion. Mean visual analogue scores scores fell significantly from 9.1 to 4.5 at 6 months following treatment ( p = 0.0001) and 85% patients reported > 50% pain relief at 6 months. Half the patients reported an improvement in sleep and mobility. No serious adverse effects were reported. Conclusions CTRF to the SSN significantly reduced shoulder pain for up to 6 months without adverse effects and gave longer relief than pulsed RF or SSN block. It may be repeated with a similar effect being achieved. The limitations of the present study is the use of a medium-sized series with 6-month follow-up.
Blood Loss in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: Is it Clinically Important?
Authors: Griffiths Dylan , Jagiello Jakub , Dheerendra Sujay , McNamara Christopher , Ahrens Philip 
Published: July 2013

Background The blood loss associated with arthroscopic surgery has generally been considered to be minimal and not clinically relevant. However, there are currently no data available in the published literature to support this assumption. Methods The present prospective study used spectrophotometry of collected irrigation fluid to measure the blood loss associated with a variety of arthroscopic shoulder procedures conducted in 20 patients. Results Measured blood loss ranged from 1.22 mL to 36.45 mL. This confirmed that, even in lengthy arthroscopic procedures without a tourniquet, blood loss is minimal. Conclusions The results obtained in the present study confirm the presumed advantage of arthroscopic surgery in terms of blood loss, and also confirm that the full range of arthroscopic shoulder surgery can be safely performed, from a haemodynamic perspective, as day case procedures.
Comparative evaluation of oral health status of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in various stages and healthy controls
Authors: Tadakamadla Jyothi , Kumar Santhosh , Mamatha G. P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare caries, oral hygiene and periodontal status of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in different stages and healthy controls.DesignSeventy‐four patients diagnosed with CKD and 150 healthy age and sex matched controls were recruited from General Hospital of Udaipur, India. Each subject was examined for caries by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index, oral hygiene by simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S) while gingival and periodontal status were assessed by Loe and Silness gingival and Community Periodontal Index, respectively. All the examinations were conducted by a single investigator.ResultsStudy subjects presented significantly lower caries experience than the control group but no significant difference was observed among the subjects in various stages of CKD. The mean gingival index score for study group (1.88) was more than twice to that of control subjects (0.92). Stage of kidney disease influenced the gingival and oral hygiene status which decreased as the stage progressed. The overall prevalence of periodontal pockets (70.3%) in diseased subjects was significantly higher than controls (18.9%). More than three quarters (78.9%) of the patients with stage 5 CKD exhibited deep periodontal pockets.ConclusionsOral hygiene, gingival, and periodontal status decreased as the stage of CKD increased and was worse among study subjects that the controls. Dental caries did not differ significantly with the stage of the renal disease but was significantly lower among study subjects than the controls.
The Importance of High Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Suicide Potential
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Knorr Anne C. , Tull Matthew T. , Lavender Jason M. , Gratz Kim L. 
Published: July 2013

Research has indicated that nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior are strongly related to one another, with a sizable portion of individuals with a history of NSSI also reporting a history of nonlethal suicide attempts. Nonetheless, little research has examined possible moderators of this relationship. One potentially important construct is distress tolerance (DT), which has been shown to be negatively associated with NSSI and positively associated with the acquired capability for suicide. In this study, 93 adult inpatients (54.8% male) receiving treatment for substance use disorders completed a structured interview assessing prior suicidal behavior and questionnaires assessing DT, NSSI, and psychopathology. Results indicated that DT moderates the relationship between NSSI frequency (but not number of NSSI methods) and suicide potential (a continuum ranging from no prior suicidal behavior to suicidal behavior with minimal bodily harm to highly lethal suicidal behavior), ΔR2 = .04; p < .023; f2 = .06, with this relation increasing in strength at higher levels of DT. These results are consistent with an emerging line of research indicating that high levels of DT facilitate suicidal behavior in at‐risk populations and suggest that the capacity to tolerate aversive physiological and affective arousal might be vital to engagement in serious or lethal suicidal behavior.
Formulation of Lucas–Kanade Digital Image Correlation Algorithms for Non‐contact Deformation Measurements: A Review
Authors: Tong W. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDigital image correlation (DIC) metrology has been increasingly used in a wide range of experimental mechanics research and applications. The DIC algorithm used so far is however limited mostly to the classic forward additive Lucas–Kanade type. In this paper, a survey is given about the formulation of other types of Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms that have been appeared in computer vision, robotics, medical image analysis literature and so on. Concise notations consistent with the finite deformation kinematics analysis in continuum mechanics are used to describe all Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms. An intermediate image is introduced as a frame of reference to clarify the so‐called compositional algorithms in a two‐frame DIC analysis. Explicit examples about the additive and compositional updating of deformation parameters are given for affine deformation mapping. Extensions of these algorithms to the so‐called consistent or symmetric types are also presented. The equivalency of final numerical solutions using additive, compositional and inverse compositional algorithms is shown analytically for the case of affine deformation mapping. In particular, the inverse compositional algorithm for affine image subset deformation is highlighted for its superior computational efficiency. While computationally less efficient, consistent and symmetric algorithms may be more robust and less biased and their potentials in experimental mechanics applications remain to be explored. The unified formulation of these Lucas–Kanade DIC algorithms collected all together in this paper can serve as a useful guide for researchers in experimental mechanics to further evaluate the merits as well as limitations of these non‐classic algorithms for image‐based precision displacement measurement applications.
Alesiellagen.n. and a newly discovered relict lineage of Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: BRUNKE ADAM J. , SOLODOVNIKOV ALEXEY 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the sister group of the poorly known and morphologically isolated Burmese species Quedius lineipennis within the tribe Staphylinini (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) using morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of a broad taxon sample demonstrated that this Asian species is not a member of the genus Quedius but forms the sister taxon to the Neotropical genus Quediomacrus. Both taxa were shown to be members of a hitherto unrecognized lineage with a highly disjunct distribution. The lineage is hypothesized to be Asian in origin, with dispersals to the Americas during the early Eocene climatic maximum via Beringia and to Australia via land connections in the late Miocene. The current distribution of the lineage is considered to be relictual. New phylogenetic hypotheses within ‘Quediina’ and Staphylinini as a whole are proposed and the general tree topology of Staphylinini recovered by recent morphological studies is refined. Phylogenetic relationships within the Quedius complex remain unclear. Alesiella Brunke and Solodovnikov gen.n., is erected for Quedius lineipennis and the Quedius subgenus Quedionuchus is reinstated to genus level with new combinations as follows: Quedionuchus atl (Smetana, 1975), comb.n.; Quedionuchus calli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus cipactli (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus coatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus ehacatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus ollin (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus ozomatli (Smetana, 1975), comb.n.; Quedionuchus reitterianus (Bernhauer, 1944), comb.n.; Quedionuchus samuraicus (Bernhauer and Schubert, 1916), comb.n.; Quedionuchus schultzei (Smetana, 1975), comb.n.; Quedionuchus tecpatl (Smetana, 1976), comb.n.; Quedionuchus xochitl (Smetana, 1976). Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913 is transferred from the subgenus Quedionuchus to the subgenus Distichalius and placed in synonymy: Quedius punctatellus (Heer, 1839) = Quedius lugubris Lokay, 1913, syn.n.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9C7D3C90‐FCB9‐414F‐911B‐194A1A6602DE.
Three distinct mutational mechanisms acting on a single gene underpin the origin of yellow flesh in peach
Authors: Falchi Rachele , Vendramin Elisa , Zanon Laura , Scalabrin Simone , Cipriani Guido , Verde Ignazio , Vizzotto Giannina , Morgante Michele 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPeach flesh color (white or yellow) is among the most popular commercial criteria for peach classification, and has implications for consumer acceptance and fruit nutritional quality. Despite the increasing interest in improving cultivars of both flesh types, little is known about the genetic basis for the carotenoid content diversity in peach. Here we describe the association between genotypes at a locus encoding the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (PpCCD4), localized in pseudomolecule 1 of the Prunus persica reference genome sequence, and the flesh color for 37 peach varieties, including two somatic revertants, and three ancestral relatives of peach, providing definitive evidence that this locus is responsible for flesh color phenotype. We show that yellow peach alleles have arisen from various ancestral haplotypes by at least three independent mutational events involving nucleotide substitutions, small insertions and transposable element insertions, and that these mutations, despite being located within the transcribed portion of the gene, also result in marked differences in transcript levels, presumably as a consequence of differential transcript stability involving nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. The PpCCD4 gene provides a unique example of a gene for which humans, in their quest to diversify phenotypic appearance and qualitative characteristics of a fruit, have been able to select and exploit multiple mutations resulting from a variety of mechanisms.
Genome‐wide analysis of short interspersed nuclear elements SINES revealed high sequence conservation, gene association and retrotranspositional activity in wheat
Authors: Ben‐David Smadar , Yaakov Beery , Kashkush Khalil 
Published: July 2013

SummaryShort interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are non‐autonomous non‐LTR retroelements that are present in most eukaryotic species. While SINEs have been intensively investigated in humans and other animal systems, they are poorly studied in plants, especially in wheat (Triticum aestivum). We used quantitative PCR of various wheat species to determine the copy number of a wheat SINE family, termed Au SINE, combined with computer‐assisted analyses of the publicly available 454 pyrosequencing database of T. aestivum. In addition, we utilized site‐specific PCR on 57 Au SINE insertions, transposon methylation display and transposon display on newly formed wheat polyploids to assess retrotranspositional activity, epigenetic status and genetic rearrangements in Au SINE, respectively. We retrieved 3706 different insertions of Au SINE from the 454 pyrosequencing database of T. aestivum, and found that most of the elements are inserted in A/T‐rich regions, while approximately 38% of the insertions are associated with transcribed regions, including known wheat genes. We observed typical retrotransposition of Au SINE in the second generation of a newly formed wheat allohexaploid, and massive hypermethylation in CCGG sites surrounding Au SINE in the third generation. Finally, we observed huge differences in the copy numbers in diploid Triticum and Aegilops species, and a significant increase in the copy numbers in natural wheat polyploids, but no significant increase in the copy number of Au SINE in the first four generations for two of three newly formed allopolyploid species used in this study. Our data indicate that SINEs may play a prominent role in the genomic evolution of wheat through stress‐induced activation.
Hypoperfusion and acute traumatic coagulopathy in severely traumatized canine patients
Authors: Abelson Amanda L. , O'Toole Therese E. , Johnston Andrea , Respess Meghan , de Laforcade Armelle M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence of acute traumatic coagulopathy in dogs suffering severe trauma and to investigate the association of markers of hypoperfusion with coagulation abnormalities.DesignA prospective observational study performed June, 2009 to February, 2011.SettingA university teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs weighing >5 kilograms that were presented to the Tuft's Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine following severe trauma as defined by an animal trauma triage score (ATT) ≥5 and having received no resuscitation with IV fluids or blood products prior to blood sampling.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsPrior to resuscitation, data obtained at the time of admission to the emergency service included HCT, platelet count, lactate concentration, pH, base excess, thromboelastrogram (TEG), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, and protein C activity. Rectal temperature and ATT were recorded for all dogs. Neither HCT nor platelet count was significantly decreased in any of the dogs. Based on G values as measured by TEG, 10/30 dogs (33%) showed evidence of hypercoagulability. Hypocoagulability as determined by prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, or TEG was not shown in any of the 30 dogs.ConclusionDogs with severe trauma may experience hypercoagulability that is unrelated to fluid resuscitation or transfusion therapy. Future studies are warranted to better characterize coagulation changes in dogs with severe trauma, particularly in relationship to fluid therapies and/or hemorrhage.
Comparison of invasive versus noninvasive blood pressure measurements before and after hemorrhage in anesthetized greyhounds using theSurgivetV9203
Authors: Drynan Eleanor A. , Raisis Anthea L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the agreement between blood pressure obtained with a noninvasive technique and direct technique using the Surgivet V9203 at varying blood pressure levels created using a canine hemorrhage model.DesignExperimental study.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐nine greyhounds with an average weight of 30 kg. Approval from the Murdoch University Animal Ethics Committee was obtained (R228609).MethodsArterial blood pressure (BP) was measured noninvasively (NIBP) via a cuff placed over the dorsal metatarsal artery and via a catheter in the contralateral dorsal metatarsal artery (IBP). Retrospectively the blood pressure measurements recorded were divided into various BP categories. A total of 84 paired readings were obtained. The data were further analyzed with respect to heart rate [<120/min and >120/min]. Comparison of the measurements was performed using the Bland–Altman method.ResultsFor all categories, BP measurements were generally lower when recorded using the oscillometric technique [Systolic (Sys) bias 4.20 kPa (31.54 mm Hg), mean bias 0.52 kPa (3.93 mm Hg), and diastolic bias 1.04 kPa (7.83 mm Hg)]. Mean arterial BP had the least bias and greatest precision in the hypotensive group (bias 0.174 kPa (1.3063 mm Hg), precision 0.79 kPa (5.89 mm Hg)), low BP group (bias 0.62 kPa (4.67mm Hg) and precision 0.89 kPa (6.67mm Hg)) and normotensive group [bias 0.76 kPa (5.71 mm Hg) and precision 1.16 kPa (8.73 mmHg)].ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the agreement between NIBP measurements and IBP, are within the limits of agreement recommended by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Hypertension Consensus Panel for all pressures except Sys BP. This suggests that mean and diastolic NIBP using the Surgivet V9203 are a clinically acceptable alternative of IBP in hypovolemic hypotensive dogs.