bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of scoring systems for patients with head injury presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Eryilmaz Alihan , Sahin Taner 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aimed to compare the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study II (NEXUS-II), New Orleans Criteria (NOC), Canadian Computed Tomography (CT) Head Rule (CCTHR) scoring systems, and Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS®) 10th edition algorithm in patients with head injury presenting to the emergency department and to investigate the effectiveness of these scoring systems in determining injury severity and the need for cranial CT scanning.

Methods
This prospective and observational study was conducted in a tertiary care emergency medicine clinic. The study included 794 adult patients who had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≥ 13, and were considered as having minor head injury. Patients included in the study were categorized as having low or high risk according to the CCTHR, NOC, NEXUS-II scores, and ATLS algorithm.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 40.7 ± 18.7 years, and 592 (74.6%) were male. The proportion of patients considered as having high risk was 27.7%, 84.8%, and 34.5% according to CCTHR, NOC, and NEXUS-II, respectively. According to the ATLS, 14.7% and 14.1% of the patients were considered at medium risk and high risk, respectively. CT scanning was performed in 757 (95.3%) patients, and pathologic findings were detected in 18 patients (2.3%). NOC in contrary showed a sensitivity of 100% but a specificity of 15.6%.

Conclusion
In our region, there was no significant difference among the CCTHR, NEXUS-II systems, and ATLS algorithm regarding the accuracy of pathological findings in patients with head injury; any of these systems can be used in clinical practice and determining CT scan necessity. Although the sensitivity of the NOC system is very high, it has been observed that its low specificity may lead to a large number of unnecessary CT scans, which may increase the patient-based cost and waiting time in the emergency department.
Empfohlene Diagnostik bei Pruritus auf primär unveränderter Haut
Authors: Düll M. M. , Kremer A. E. 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chronischer Pruritus auf primär nichtläsionaler Haut (CPNL) stellt ein häufig auftretendes Symptom bei zahlreichen Erkrankungen aus verschiedenen medizinischen Fachgebieten dar. Die Vielzahl möglicher ätiologischer Ursachen erschwert die Diagnosestellung der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung oft erheblich.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt einen Überblick über die klinische, laborchemische und bildgebende Diagnostik bei CPNL.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine ausführliche PubMed-Recherche zur Diagnostik bei chronischem Pruritus mit der Verwendung der Schlüsselwörter „chronic pruritus AND non-lesional skin“, „chronic itch AND non-lesional skin“, „chronic pruritus AND diagnostics“, „chronic itch AND diagnostics“, „CKD-aP“, „hepatic pruritus“, „cholestatic pruritus“ und „myeloproliferative neoplasms AND pruritus“.

Ergebnisse
Zur Abklärung des CPNL wird eine Stufendiagnostik empfohlen, die sich an der Prävalenz mit Pruritus assoziierten Erkrankungen orientiert. Eine Basisdiagnostik ermöglicht eine kosteneffiziente und gezielte Evaluation beim medizinischen Erstkontakt. Die hier erhaltenen Informationen über zugrunde liegende Erkrankungen können durch spezialisierte Diagnoseverfahren noch präziser aufgearbeitet werden.

Diskussion
CPNL stellt eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Ein schrittweises Diagnoseverfahren erleichtert, die zugrunde liegende Ätiologie zu identifizieren. Dies ist entscheidend, um Erkrankungen zu erkennen und den Pruritus gezielt mit krankheitsspezifischen Therapien zu behandeln.
Post-operative complications of cholecystectomy: what the radiologist needs to know
Authors: Kazi Irfan Amir , Siddiqui M. Azfar , Thimmappa Nanda Deepa , Abdelaziz Amr , Gaballah Ayman H. , Davis Ryan , Kimchi Eric , Hammoud Ghassan , Syed Kazi A. , Nasrullah Ayesha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCholecystectomy is one of the most performed surgical procedures. The safety of this surgery notwithstanding, the sheer volume of operations results in a notable incidence of post-cholecystectomy complications. Early and accurate diagnosis of such complications is essential for timely and effective management. Imaging techniques are critical for this purpose, aiding in distinguishing between expected postsurgical changes and true complications. This review highlights current knowledge on the indications for cholecystectomy, pertinent surgical anatomy and surgical technique, and the recognition of anatomical variants that may complicate surgery. The article also outlines the roles of various imaging modalities in identifying complications, the spectrum of possible postsurgical anatomical changes, and the implications of such findings. Furthermore, we explore the array of complications that can arise post-cholecystectomy, such as biliary system injuries, gallstone-related issues, vascular complications, and the formation of postsurgical collections. Radiologists should be adept at identifying normal and abnormal postoperative findings to guide patient management effectively.
Graphical abstract
Experiences of surgical complications and reoperations in nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis patients in Oulu
Authors: Svalina Anja , Serlo Willy , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Salokorpi Niina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical complications of patients treated for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis and the necessity for reoperations due to craniocerebral disproportion.

Materials and methods
The patient cohort of this study consisted of patients (N = 82) who were treated in the Oulu University Hospital using the open vault cranioplasty with a modified H-technique between the years 2008 to 2022. There were 69 males (84.1%) and 13 females (15.9%). The mean age at the primary operation was 6.1 months. Mean follow-up time was 9.0 years.

Results
There were no major complications related to the procedures. Two patients (2.4%) had a minor dural lesion. There were no postoperative wound infections. Of the 82 patients, seven patients with primary craniosynostosis (13.0%) developed symptomatic craniocerebral disproportion requiring reoperation to increase intracranial volume. In all these patients, invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was performed prior to decision-making. In the majority of cases, the aesthetical outcome was considered good or excellent.

Conclusion
The operative method used was feasible and safe. Thirteen percent of patients who were followed over 5 years required major surgery due to development of craniocerebral disproportion later in life.
Remission of type 2 diabetes: position statement of the Italian society of diabetes (SID)
Authors: Capoccia Danila , Leonetti Frida , Natali Andrea , Tricò Domenico , Perrini Sebastio , Sbraccia Paolo , Guglielmi Valeria ,   On behalf of the Italian Society of Diabetes (SID)
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe primary cause of the pandemic scale of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the excessive and/or abnormal accumulation of adiposity resulting from a chronic positive energy balance. Any form of weight loss dramatically affects the natural history of T2D, favoring prevention, treatment, and even remission in the case of significant weight loss. However, weight regain, which is often accompanied by the recurrence or worsening of obesity complications such as T2D, is an inevitable biological phenomenon that is an integral part of the pathophysiology of obesity. This can occur not only after weight loss, but also during obesity treatment if it is not effective enough to counteract the physiological responses aimed at restoring adiposity to its pre-weight-loss equilibrium state. Over the past few years, many controlled and randomized studies have suggested a superior efficacy of bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy in terms of weight loss, glycemic control, and rates of T2D remission. Recently, the therapeutic armamentarium in the field of diabetology has been enriched with new antihyperglycemic drugs with considerable efficacy in reducing body weight, which could play a pathogenetic role in the remission of T2D, not through the classical incretin effect, but by improving adipose tissue functions. All these concepts are discussed in this position statement, which aims to deepen the pathogenetic links between obesity and T2D, shift the paradigm from a “simple” interaction between insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, and evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic interventions to improve T2D management and induce diabetes remission whenever still possible.
Clinical outcome after surgical management of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma
Authors: Kissling Cédric , Häni Levin , Schär Ralph T. , Goldberg Johannes , Raabe Andreas , Jesse Christopher Marvin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare pathology characterized by a hemorrhage in the spinal epidural space without prior surgical or interventional procedure. Recent literature reported contradictory findings regarding the clinical, radiological and surgical factors determining the outcome, hence the objective of this retrospective analysis was to re-assess these outcome-determining factors.

Methods
Patients surgically treated for SSEH at our institution from 2010 – 2022 were screened and retrospectively assessed regarding management including the time-to-treatment, the pre-and post-treatment clinical status, the radiological findings as well as other patient-specific parameters. The outcome was assessed using the modified McCormick Scale. Statistical analyses included binary logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test.

Results
In total, 26 patients (17 men [65%], 9 women [35%], median age 70 years [interquartile range 26.5]) were included for analysis. The SSEHs were located cervically in 31%, cervicothoracically in 42% and thoracically in 27%. Twenty-four patients (92%) improved after surgery. Fifteen patients (58%) had a postoperative modified McCormick Scale grade of I (no residual symptoms) and 8 patients (31%) had a grade of II (mild symptoms). Only 3 (12%) patients remained with a modified McCormick Scale grade of IV or V (severe motor deficits / paraplegic). Neither time-to-treatment, craniocaudal hematoma expansion, axial hematoma occupation of the spinal canal, anticoagulation or antiplatelet drugs, nor the preoperative clinical status were significantly associated with the patients’ outcomes.

Conclusion
Early surgical evacuation of SSEH generally leads to favorable clinical outcomes. Surgical hematoma evacuation should be indicated in all patients with symptomatic SSEH.
Effects of home-based neurostimulation on outcomes after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Wong Thomson W. L. , Ng Shamay S. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Home-based rehabilitation is a cost-effective means of making services available for patients. The aim of this study is to determine the evidence in the literature on the effects of home-based neurostimulation in patients with stroke.

Method
We searched PubMED, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials on the subject matter using keywords such as stroke, electrical stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Information on participants’ characteristics and mean scores on the outcomes of interest were extracted. Risks of bias and methodological quality of the included studies were assessed using Cochrane Risks of bias tool and PEDro scale respectively. The data was analyzed using both narrative and quantitative syntheses. In the quantitative synthesis, meta-analysis was carried out using random effect model analysis.

Result
The results showed that, home-based neurostimulation is superior to the control at improving upper limb muscle strength (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.08 to 1.32, p = 0.03), functional mobility (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI = -0.65 to 0.14, p = 0.003) and walking endurance (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.59, p = 0.01) post intervention; and upper limb motor function (SMD = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.70, p = 0.03), functional mobility (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI = -0.56 to -0.05, p = 0.02) and walking endurance (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.59, p = 0.01) at follow-up.

Conclusions
Home-based neurostimulation can be used to improve upper and lower limb function after stroke.
Optimal processing of single-channel sparker marine seismic data
Authors: Nasıf Aslıhan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Single-channel sparker seismic reflection systems are currently preferred in offshore geo-engineering studies due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of use in shallow areas, their high-resolution data, and straightforward data processing. However, the distinctive characteristics of sparker data introduce specific challenges in the processing of single-channel seismic datasets. These include (i) unavailability of the stacking process for single-channel seismic data, (ii) inability to derive subsurface velocity distribution from single-channel seismic profiles, (iii) limitations imposed by ghost reflections and bubble effects as well as random noise amplitudes, and (iv) the suitability of only predictive deconvolution for suppressing multiple reflections. Applications demonstrate that the inability to apply the stacking process to single-channel seismic data poses a significant challenge in suppressing both random and coherent noise, and increasing the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The F-X prediction filter has proven highly effective in mitigating random noise in sparker data. Appropriate determination of operator length and prediction lag parameters allows predictive deconvolution to effectively suppress multiple reflections, despite some residual multiple amplitudes in the output. Spiking deconvolution significantly eliminates ghost reflections and bubble effects, enhancing temporal resolution by eliminating the ringy appearance of the input signal. Trace mixing is a crucial data processing step for enhancing sparker data resolution. The method can be applied as weighted mix for random noise suppression or as trimmed mix for suppressing high-amplitude spike-like noises. This study incorporates a comprehensive analysis of the various noise components embedded in sparker seismic data. It delineates the processing flow and parameters utilized to effectively mitigate these specific noise types.
Towards Integration of Ni-Slag Cleaning Process and Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling for an Efficient Recovery of Valuable Metals
Authors: Klemettinen Anna , Klemettinen Lassi , Rinne Tommi , O’Brien Hugh , Jokilaakso Ari , Serna-Guerrero Rodrigo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpent lithium-ion batteries (SBs) are important sources of valuable and critical raw materials. An integration of battery recycling with well-established primary processes for metals production has many advantages. In this work, the recycling of two battery scrap fractions obtained from mechanical pretreatment was integrated with a Ni-slag cleaning process at laboratory scale. Graphite from SBs acted as the main reductant, and the reduction behavior of major and trace elements was investigated as a function of time at 1350 °C. Major CO and CO2 concentrations, as well as minor amounts of SO2, NO2, CH4, and C2H4, were detected in the off-gas line. The evolution of gases took place within the first minutes of the experiments, which indicated that metal oxide reduction reactions as well as decomposition of the organic binders both happened very rapidly. This result is in line with the analytical results obtained for the slag phase, where the most significant metal oxide reduction was observed to take place within the first 5 to 10 minutes of the experiments. The distribution coefficient values for Co and Ni between metal alloy and slag as well as between matte and slag showed no significant differences when battery scrap fractions with different compositions were used. The addition of Ni-concentrate in the starting mixture resulted in increasing recoveries of Ni and Co, as well as improved settling of the matte phase.
On the application of some fixed-point techniques to Fredholm integral equations of the second kind
Authors: Ezquerro J. A. , Hernández-Verón M. A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is known that the global convergence of the method of successive approximations is obtained by means of the Banach contraction principle. In this paper, we study the global convergence of the method by means of a technique that uses auxiliary points and, as a consequence of this study, we obtain fixed-point type results on closed balls. We apply the study to nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind.
Artificial Intelligence and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Amin Moein , Martínez-Heras Eloy , Ontaneda Daniel , Prados Carrasco Ferran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the different advances in artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in multiple sclerosis (MS). AI applications in MS range across investigation of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. A subset of AI, Machine learning (ML) models analyse various data sources, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), genetic, and clinical data, to distinguish MS from other conditions, predict disease progression, and personalize treatment strategies. Additionally, AI models have been extensively applied to lesion segmentation, identification of biomarkers, and prediction of outcomes, disease monitoring, and management. Despite the big promises of AI solutions, model interpretability and transparency remain critical for gaining clinician and patient trust in these methods. The future of AI in MS holds potential for open data initiatives that could feed ML models and increasing generalizability, the implementation of federated learning solutions for training the models addressing data sharing issues, and generative AI approaches to address challenges in model interpretability, and transparency. In conclusion, AI presents an opportunity to advance our understanding and management of MS. AI promises to aid clinicians in MS diagnosis and prognosis improving patient outcomes and quality of life, however ensuring the interpretability and transparency of AI-generated results is going to be key for facilitating the integration of AI into clinical practice.
Fresh Fruit Bunch Ripeness Classification Methods: A Review
Authors: Goh Jin Yu , Md Yunos Yusri , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Sultan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe escalating demand for palm oil necessitates enhanced production strategies. As the trend shifts towards automated harvesting to meet the demand, precise ripeness classification has become pivotal. Manual methods are inefficient and error-prone because of workforce constraints. The present review scrutinizes the following non-destructive ripeness classification methods: spectroscopy, inductive sensing, thermal imaging, light detection and ranging, laser-light backscattering imaging, and computer vision. The review focuses on identifying reliable techniques capable of real-time and accurate classification in dynamic and unstructured environments. All aforementioned techniques are discussed in intricate detail, accompanied by thorough critiques. This review then presents a performance comparison and benchmarking process, providing comprehensive insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. A compelling solution emerges in the fusion of light detection and ranging and computer vision techniques. This synergy capitalizes on their strengths to offset individual limitations, offering a potent approach. Furthermore, this fusion yields added value in terms of localization and mapping, rendering it exceptionally suitable for real-time classification in complex environments. This review provides insights into bridging the gap between automated harvesting needs and ripeness assessment precision, thereby fostering advancements in the palm oil industry.
Clinicopathological Factors as Predictors for Establishment of Patient Derived Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Organoids
Authors: de Kort W. W. B. , Millen R. , Driehuis E. , Devriese L. A. , van Es R. J. J. , Willems S. M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Patient derived organoids (PDOs) are 3D in vitro models and have shown to better reflect patient and tumor heterogeneity than conventional 2D cell lines. To utilize PDOs in clinical settings and trials for biomarker discovery or drug response evaluation, it is valuable to determine the best way to optimize sample selection for maximum PDO establishment. In this study, we assess patient, tumor and tissue sampling factors and correlate them with successful PDO establishment in a well-documented cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods
Tumor and non-tumorous adjacent tissue samples were obtained from HNSCC patients during routine biopsy or resection procedures at the University Medical Center Utrecht. The tissue was subsequently processed to establish PDOs. The sample purity was determined as the presence of epithelial cells in the culture on the day of organoid isolation as visualized microscopically by the researcher. PDO establishment was recorded for all samples. Clinical data was obtained from the medical records and was correlated to PDO establishment and presence of epithelial cells.

Results
Organoids could be established in 133/250 (53.2%) primary tumor site tissues. HNSCC organoid establishment tended to be more successful if patients were younger than the median age of 68 years (74/123 (60.2%) vs. 59/127 (46.5%), p = 0.03). For a subset of samples, the presence of epithelial cells in the organoid culture on the day of organoid isolation was recorded in 112/149 (75.2%) of these samples. When cultures were selected for presence of epithelial cells, organoid establishment increased to 76.8% (86/112 samples).

Conclusion
This study found a trend between age and successful organoid outgrowth in patients with HNSCC younger than 68 years and emphasizes the value of efficient sampling regarding PDO establishment.
Beyond Dependent Development? The Unlikely Emergence of an Upgrading Alliance in the Case of InoBat in Slovakia
Authors: Toplišek Alen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Semi-peripheral economies are reliant on foreign capital for innovation and upgrading into higher-value-added economic activities. This characteristic of dependent development is coupled with unreliable government support for domestic businesses, resulting in fragmented state-business ties. How then did a local electrical vehicle (EV) battery startup InoBat manage to build an upgrading alliance in Slovakia and capitalise on the accelerating automotive shift to electromobility despite these barriers being present in the semi-peripheral economy of Slovakia? By developing a network-based analytical approach and using the unlikely case study of InoBat, this paper argues that developmental entrepreneurship, the mobilisation of private sector resources by venture capital or a large domestic firm, and support by private-public institutions were key determinants for the emergence of the InoBat upgrading alliance. The findings underline that local firms can also be the drivers of upgrading efforts even in the absence of consistent government support and the heavy presence of large transnational corporations.