bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Eu Valence State and Superconductivity in Undoped Eu3Bi2S4F4.
Authors: Cao Guang‐Han , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe novel title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of EuS, EuF2, and Bi2S3 (evacuated quartz ampule, 1123 K, 35 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Mixed‐Ligand Cyanohydroxo Octahedral Cluster Complex trans‐[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4] 4‐, Its Luminescence Properties and Chemical Reactivity.
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Brylev Konstantin A. , Smolentsev Anton I. , Ermolaev Andrey V. , Kitamura Nobory , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrans‐[Re6S8(CN)2(OH)4] 4‐ as mixed Cs/K salt is prepared by ligand exchange of a boiling aqueous K4 [Re6S8(OH)6]·8H2O solution in presence of excess KCN followed by addition of CsOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Layerlike Supramolecular Assemblies Based on B‐Anderson‐Type Polyanionic Clusters and Their Adsorption Property.
Authors: Yan Jinshuang , Gong Kaining , Xue Xiaolong , He Xueli , Zhao Chuan , Han Zhangang , Yu Haitao 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe two layerlike supramolecular assemblies (IV) and (V) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular [3 + 2] Annulation of Cyclopropylanilines with Alkynes, Enynes, and Diynes via Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Nguyen Theresa H. , Morris Scott A. , Zheng Nan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA one‐step synthesis of cyclopentenes and analogous cyclopentanes such as (XIII) is developed by photolytic [3 + 2] annulation of N‐cyclopropylanilines with alkynes and related alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrido[2′,3′: 3,4]pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine, Pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine, and Pyrazolyl Oxadiazolylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Rateb Nora M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractConvenient methods for the synthesis of the title heterocycles and related heterocyclic systems starting from aminopyrazolopyridine and ‐thienopyridine derivatives, resp., are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Using 1,2‐Di(1‐naphthyl)‐1,2‐ethanediamine (NEDA).
Authors: Al‐Hunaiti Afnan , Raeisaenen Minna , Pihko Petri , Leskelae Markku , Repo Timo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSecondary alcohols, even sterically hindered ones, are selectively oxidized by using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant and 1,2‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐1,2‐ethylenediamine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrocenyl‐Based P,N Catalysts for the Mono‐α‐Arylation of Acetone.
Authors: Gaebler Christian , Korb Marcus , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHigh yields are obtained for the mono‐α‐arylation of acetone at low palladium catalyst loadings (0.5 mol%).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Inert C—C and C—N Bond Cleavage: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Chen Xiuling , Chen Tieqiao , Li Qiang , Zhou Yongbo , Han Li‐Biao , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMolecular oxygen at atmospherical pressure is used as the sole oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Esters with β‐Keto Acids.
Authors: Zhu Fu‐Lin , Wang Ya‐Hui , Zhang De‐Yang , Hu Xin‐Hu , Chen Song , Hou Chuan‐Jin , Xu Jie , Hu Xiang‐Ping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe optimized mild reaction conditions including the chiral ligand allow the synthesis of β‐ethynyl ketones in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Angularly Annulated Spirocyclics via Enyne Metathesis and the Diels—Alder Reaction as Key Steps.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ali Rashid , Tiwari Arti 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTreatment of the diene (XVII) with dienophiles does not afford Diels‐Alder products.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzenesulfonyl Chlorides: Alternative Coupling Partners for Regiocontrolled Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Desulfitative 5‐Arylation of Furans.
Authors: Beladhria Anissa , Yuan Kedong , Ben Ammar Hamed , Soule Jean‐Francois , Ben Salem Ridha , Doucet Henri 
Published: February 2015

AbstractArylsulfonyl chlorides equipped with electron‐donating substituents such as 4‐methoxyphenyl or 2‐methylphenyl do not couple with 2‐butylfuran.
ChemInform Abstract: Aza‐[4 + 3] and Aza‐[3 + 2] Annulations for Synthesis of Dihydroazepines and Dihydropyrroles from Alkynes, Sulfonyl Azides, and 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Kim Sanghyuck , Mo Juntae , Kim Jaeeun , Ryu Taekyu , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe reaction of triazole (I) with dienes (II) and (VI) in the presence of rhodium(II) octanoate as catalyst leads to dihydropyrroles (III) and (VII), resp., whilst the Rh2((S)‐PTAD)4‐catalyzed reaction affords dihydroazepines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective [3 + 2] Coupling of Indoles with Quinone Monoimines Promoted by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid.
Authors: Liao Lihua , Shu Chang , Zhang Minmin , Liao Yijun , Hu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yonghong , Wu Zhijun , Yuan Weicheng , Zhang Xiaomei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe title reaction is screened for optimal conditions including the BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalyst to yield a variety of benzofuroindolines with generally excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrrole Derivatives Based on the Reaction of 1‐Methyl‐2‐nitromethylenepyrrolidine with Isothiocyanates.
Authors: Shvidenko Konstantin , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shvidenko Tatyana , Vlasenko Yurii , Kostyuk Aleksandr 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe reaction performs well with aryl isothiocyanates (II) while in the case of cycloalkyl isothiocyanates (VI) cyclization does not occur.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Novel Benzofuranyl Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Soodamani Venugopal , Patel Divyesh , Nayakanti Devanna , Josyula Ramanatham 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe method for the synthesis of the title compounds involves the Sonogashira reaction of benzimidazole (I) with various terminal alkynes followed by iodo‐cyclization and further functionalization via palladium‐mediated carbon‐carbon bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal and Base Free Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolines from Aldehydes and β‐Amino Alcohols Catalyzed by Potassium Iodide.
Authors: Uma Maheswari C. , Sathish Kumar G. , Venkateshwar M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing the aliphatic aldehyde as butyraldehyde decreases the reaction yield considerably.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Oxazolidinones by the Thiourea‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of 2‐Isocyanatomalonate Diester.
Authors: Sakamoto Shota , Kazumi Naoya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe synthetic utility of this new asymmetric aldol reaction is demonstrated in the total synthesis of the immunosuppressant Mycestericin C from (VIId).
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign Water Promoted Catalyst Free Highly Efficient, One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Imino‐4‐thiazolidinone.
Authors: Kosurkar Umesh B. , Dadmal Tulshiram L. , Kumbhare Ravindra M. , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract15 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyethylene Glycol Mediated, One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthetic Protocol for Novel 3‐[3‐Substituted‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl] ‐spiro‐(indan‐1′,2‐thiazolidin)‐4‐ones (IV) as New Class of Potential Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Ahamd Akeel , Pandey O. P. , Nizamuddin Khan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAll the compounds (IV) show moderate to strong antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis and Through‐Space 13C—19F Spin—Spin Coupling NMR of New Tetracyclic 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐spiro(chromen[4,3‐c]pyrazole‐4,1′‐cycloalkanes).
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Garcia Fabio D. , Belo Chaiene R. , Tier Aniele Z. , Frizzo Clarissa P. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReaction of trifluoroacetylated Kabbe adducts (IV) with phenylhydrazine or methylhydrazine proceeds with apposite regioselectivity furnishing chromenopyrazoles (VI) or (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions of 3‐Vinylchromone Leading to Different Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: El‐Desoky S. I. , Abozeid M. A. , Kandeel E. A. , Abdel‐Rahman A. H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSimple, efficient, and catalyst‐free syntheses of different heterocyclic systems incorporating chromone or related scaffolds are described using cascade reactions of 3‐vinylchromone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Route to 6‐Substituted Piperidin‐3‐ols via Domino Cyclization of 2‐Hydroxy‐6‐phosphinyl‐5‐hexenyl Tosylates with Primary Amines: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Pseudoconhydrine (V) and (.+‐.)‐epi‐Pseudoconhydrine (VI).
Authors: Scherner Cathrin , Ergueden Jens‐Kerim , Adiwidjaja Gunadi , Schaumann Ernst 
Published: February 2015

AbstractProducts (III) and (IV) are isolated as separate isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation/Annulation with Vinyl Esters as an Acetylene Equivalent.
Authors: Webb Nicola J. , Marsden Stephen P. , Raw Steven A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractN‐(pivaloyloxy)‐benzamides and heteroarylamides react with vinyl acetate to the respective benzo‐, thieno‐, furano‐, pyrrolo‐, or quinolino‐pyridinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Benzamides with Arynes: Application to the Synthesis of Phenaglydon and N‐Methylcrinasiadine.
Authors: Pimparkar Sandeep , Jeganmohan Masilamani 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA series of tricyclic phenanthridinones (III) and (VI) is prepared by a Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of benzamides with aryne precursors (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions for Facile Access to Coumarin‐Fused Dihydroquinolines and Quinolines: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies.
Authors: Khan Md. Nasim , Pal Suman , Karamthulla Shaik , Choudhury Lokman H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe dihydroquinoline derivatives are more fluorescent than the corresponding quinoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Optically Pure 3‐Aryl‐6‐methyl‐2‐thioxotetrahydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones as anti‐Prostate Cancer Agents.
Authors: Kumar Varun , Rachamalla Mahesh , Nandekar Prajwal , Khatik Gopal L. , Sangamwar Abhay T. , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Nair Vipin A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBoth of the title 6‐methyl‐2‐thioxopyrimidinones (VII) are synthesized via condensation of appropriate chiral aminobutanoates (IV) with aryl isothiocyanates (V) as the key step.The compounds are screened in vitro against prostate cancer cell lines, PC‐3 and LNCaP.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Thymine‐β‐lactam Hybrids and Evaluation of Their Antitumor Activity.
Authors: Piens Nicola , De Vreese Rob , De Neve Nympha , Van Hecke Kristof , Balzarini Jan , De Kimpe Norbert , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCompounds (IIIf) and (IVf) are separated on an analytical scale allowing the structure elucidation of (IVf) by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective One‐Pot Construction of Trisubstituted Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline‐Fused Diketopiperazines: A Synthetic Route Towards Cialis Analogues.
Authors: Jida Mouhamad , Tourwe Dirk , Ballet Steven 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe one‐pot multi‐step reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity and applies the Ugi four‐component condensation, Boc‐deprotection, Pictet—Spengler reaction, and final lactamization.
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 2,3,6‐Substituted Quinoxalines.
Authors: Chandra Shekhar A. , Ravi Kumar A. , Sathaiah G. , Raju K. , Srinivas P. V. S. S. , Shanthan Rao P. , Narsaiah B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are efficiently and conveniently obtained by reaction of diamines with 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds using aqueous HF as catalyst and solvent under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted (2SR,4RS)‐2‐Heteroaryltetrahydro‐1,4‐epoxy‐1‐benzazepines and cis‐2‐Heteroaryl‐4‐hydroxytetrahydro‐1H‐1‐benzazepines as Antiparasitic Agents.
Authors: Blanco Maria C. , Escobar Patricia , Leal Sandra M. , Bahsas Ali , Cobo Justo , Nogueras Manuel , Palma Alirio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMany of the new compounds (II), (III), (V), and (VI), synthesized via an intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones derived from O‐allyl‐N‐hetarylmethylanilines (I) or (IV), inhibit significantly the growth of extracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum parasites without showing cytotoxicity on Vero and HTP‐1 cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Old Selenium Heterocycles Revisited: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Structural Characterization of N‐Acyl‐1,3‐selenazol‐2(3H)‐imines and 5‐Acyl‐1,3‐selenazol‐2‐amines from Acylselenourea Derivatives.
Authors: Mohr Fabian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReaction of 1‐acyl‐3‐arylselenoureas (I) with phenacyl bromides provides access to selenazol‐imines (III), whereas the analogous reaction of 3,3‐disubstituted 1‐acylselenoureas (IV) affords 5‐acylselenazol‐2‐amines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 6,7‐Seco‐ent‐Kaurane‐Type Diterpenoids from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora.
Authors: Wang Wei‐Guang , Yan Bing‐Chao , Li Xiao‐Nian , Du Xue , Wu Hai‐Yan , Zhan Rui , Li Yan , Pu Jian‐Xin , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe isolation, structure elucidation and bioevaluation of twenty nine 6,7‐seco‐ent‐kaurane‐type diterpenoids including 18 new ones, laxiflorolides C‐T [structure examples (I)‐(V)] is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Proposed Structure of Xylogiblactone B by Chiron Approach.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Kunde Ramesh , Nomula Rajesh , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMismatch of the analytic data of (I) with the natural product demands structural revision of the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneously Catalyzed Strategies for the Deconstruction of High Density Polyethylene: Plastic Waste Valorization to Fuels
Authors: Burange Anand S. , Gawande Manoj B. , Lam Frank L. Y. , Jayaram Radha V. , Luque Rafael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: [117 refs.
Reference values of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being: A report from the American Cancer Society's studies of cancer survivors
Authors: Munoz Alexis R. , Salsman John M. , Stein Kevin D. , Cella David 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDHealth‐related quality of life measures are common in oncology research, trials, and practice. Spiritual well‐being has emerged as an important aspect of health‐related quality of life and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being; The 12‐item Spiritual Well‐Being Scale (FACIT‐Sp‐12) is the most widely used measure of spiritual well‐being among those with cancer. However, there is an absence of reference values with which to facilitate the interpretation of scores in research and clinical practice. The objective of the current study was to provide FACIT‐Sp‐12 reference values from a representative sample of adult cancer survivors.METHODSAs part of the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐II, a national cross‐sectional study of cancer survivors (8864 survivors) completed questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, clinical information, and the FACIT‐Sp‐12. Scores were calculated and summarized by FACIT‐Sp‐12 subscale and total scores across age, sex, race/ethnicity, time after treatment, and cancer type.RESULTSStudent t tests for independent samples found that women reported significantly higher FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores (P<.001). Analyses of variance found significant main effects for FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores by age (P<.01), race/ethnicity (P<.05), and cancer type (P<.001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that older adults (those aged 60‐69 years and 70‐79 years) and black non‐Hispanic individuals reported the highest FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores compared with those aged 18 to 39 years (P<.05; Cohen d [an effect size used to indicate the standardized difference between 2 means], 0.20‐0.50) and white non‐Hispanic individuals (P<.05; Cohen d, 0.02‐0.62), respectively. All other significant main effects were small in magnitude (effect size range, 0.001‐0.032).CONCLUSIONSThese data will aid in the interpretation of the magnitude and meaning of FACIT‐Sp‐12 scores, and allow for comparisons of scores across studies. Cancer 2015;121:1838–1844. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Calculating output impedance in linear networks without source nulling or load disconnect: the instantaneous output impedance
Authors: Elwakil A. S. , Maundy B. J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper derives exact expressions for the output impedance of a voltage‐excited (current‐excited) linear network without having to nullify (kill) the exciting source or disconnect the load. The derived expressions show that the instantaneous output impedance is both source and load dependent, but when the source is nullified, the output impedance becomes independent of the load, as expected. For some special networks, the output impedance is also independent of the load. The expressions are verified for a number of known circuit setups and experimentally on a gyrator‐based linear network, which has an output impedance that can switch between positive and negative values. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative fatty acid signature analysis
Authors: Bromaghin Jeffrey F. , Rode Karyn D. , Budge Suzanne M. , Thiemann Gregory W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractQuantitative fatty acid signature analysis has become an important method of diet estimation in ecology, especially marine ecology. Controlled feeding trials to validate the method and estimate the calibration coefficients necessary to account for differential metabolism of individual fatty acids have been conducted with several species from diverse taxa. However, research into potential refinements of the estimation method has been limited. We compared the performance of the original method of estimating diet composition with that of five variants based on different combinations of distance measures and calibration‐coefficient transformations between prey and predator fatty acid signature spaces. Fatty acid signatures of pseudopredators were constructed using known diet mixtures of two prey data sets previously used to estimate the diets of polar bears Ursus maritimus and gray seals Halichoerus grypus, and their diets were then estimated using all six variants. In addition, previously published diets of Chukchi Sea polar bears were re‐estimated using all six methods. Our findings reveal that the selection of an estimation method can meaningfully influence estimates of diet composition. Among the pseudopredator results, which allowed evaluation of bias and precision, differences in estimator performance were rarely large, and no one estimator was universally preferred, although estimators based on the Aitchison distance measure tended to have modestly superior properties compared to estimators based on the Kullback–Leibler distance measure. However, greater differences were observed among estimated polar bear diets, most likely due to differential estimator sensitivity to assumption violations. Our results, particularly the polar bear example, suggest that additional research into estimator performance and model diagnostics is warranted.
Impaired anticipatory postural adjustments due to experimental infrapatellar fat pad pain
Authors: Shiozawa S. , Hirata R.P. , Jeppesen J.B. , Graven‐Nielsen T. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are motor responses generated to stabilize balance prior to voluntary movement. This study investigated how infrapatellar fat pad pain induces reorganization of APAs during reaction time tasks. It has been hypothesized that knee pain may cause insufficient APAs, thereby impairing the balance.MethodsWhile standing, 12 healthy men performed two reaction time tasks (shoulder flexion of the dominant side and bilateral heel lift, respectively) before, during and after experimental infrapatellar fat pad pain induced in the dominant side by injections of hypertonic saline. Isotonic saline was injected as control. The reaction time task performance was assessed by peak angle and peak angular velocity. Timing and intensity of the postural muscle activity were recorded by surface electromyography.ResultsThe reaction time task performance was not significantly affected by experimental pain. The onset of muscle activity in vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior muscles on the dominant side during the bilateral heel lift task was significantly delayed during pain, and their muscle activity was reduced when compared with non‐painful sessions (p < 0.05). The contralateral vasti muscles demonstrated early onset during pain compared with the non‐painful session of the same task (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that knee pain reorganizes the APAs which may destabilize the balance control. The knee pain‐related reorganization of postural muscle activity during APA may be a part of the central modulation to maintain posture and protect the painful limb while preserving the reaction task movement performance.
Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions
Authors: Roy C. , Blais C. , Fiset D. , Rainville P. , Gosselin F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe face as a visual stimulus is a reliable source of information for judging the pain experienced by others. Until now, most studies investigating the facial expression of pain have used a descriptive method (i.e. Facial Action Coding System). However, the facial features that are relevant for the observer in the identification of the expression of pain remain largely unknown despite the strong medical impact that misjudging pain can have on patients’ well‐being.MethodsHere, we investigated this question by applying the Bubbles method. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to categorize facial expressions (the six basic emotions, pain and neutrality) displayed in stimuli obtained from a previously validated set and presented for 500 ms each. To determine the critical areas of the face used in this categorization task, the faces were partly masked based on random sampling of regions of the stimuli at different spatial frequency ranges.ResultsResults show that accurate pain discrimination relies mostly on the frown lines and the mouth. Finally, an ideal observer analysis indicated that the use of the frown lines in human observers could not be attributed to the objective ‘informativeness’ of this area.ConclusionsBased on a recent study suggesting that this area codes for the affective dimension of pain, we propose that the visual system has evolved to focus primarily on the facial cues that signal the aversiveness of pain, consistent with the social role of facial expressions in the communication of potential threats.