bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative mitral leaflet rupture in an infant with Loeys–Dietz syndrome
Authors: Nishida Koichi , Tamura Satoshi , Yamazaki Sachiko , Sugita Ryo , Yamagishi Masaaki , Noriki Sakon , Morisaki Hiroko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis report describes an infantile case of Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) with spontaneous mitral leaflet rupture. The patient was diagnosed with a type B interruption of the aortic arch. Bilateral pulmonary artery banding was performed 5 days after birth. On the 53rd day, intra‐cardiac repair was performed without valvuloplasty. Although the operation was successful, mitral regurgitation deteriorated at 4 weeks after operation. On the 88th day, a mitral valvuloplasty was performed and a severely ruptured anterior leaflet was observed. Seven days after valvuloplasty, the mitral valve insufficiency again worsened and a fourth operation was performed. Two tears were observed in the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets, and a mitral valve replacement was required. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with LDS according to gene mutational status. LDS is known to have a poor prognosis with cardiovascular complications, but valve rupture has not been previously reported in other cases.
Prolonged incubation period in neonatal Pasteurella multocida meningitis and bacteremia
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Tamura Takuya , Abe Michiko , Ogiwara Shigetoshi , Sai Shuji , Kosugiyama Kiyotaka , Sugihara Akemi , Nagumo Kiyoshi , Iwata Seido , Kinugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPasteurella multocida, often found as part of the human oral flora and in finger/toenails, also exists in many animals, especially cats, dogs, and pigs. Although rare, pasteurella infection in neonates can cause serious systemic disease, such as meningitis. In this article, a 23‐day‐old girl presented with decreased appetite and irritability for >2 days. Eighteen days previously her pet cat had jumped onto the left side of her head while she was sleeping. On laboratory data C‐reactive protein was high, and on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis leukocyte count was extremely high, with low glucose and high protein. P. multocida grew out of the blood and CSF cultures, and she was successfully treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks. Although pasteurellosis rarely occurs, it can sometimes lead to life‐threatening situations, so parents should exercise caution when having pets around their children.
Opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome following rotavirus gastroenteritis
Authors: Gurkas Esra , Gucuyener Kivilcim , Yılmaz Unsal , Havalı Cengiz , Demir Ercan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOpsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia and behavioral disturbance. In the pathogenesis, an autoimmune process with infectious or paraneoplastic trigger has been suggested. We describe the case of a 22‐month‐old girl with OMS following rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of OMS in children.
Hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia with congenital portosystemic shunt
Authors: Cho Yuki , Shimono Taro , Morikawa Hiroyasu , Shintaku Haruo , Tokuhara Daisuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare benign tumor in children. Vascular anomalies have been identified as pathological features of FNH, but the etiology remains unclear. We describe a rare case including the time course of formation of hepatic FNH in response to congenital portosystemic shunt (PSS). A 4‐month‐old girl was identified on newborn mass screening to have hypergalactosemia, but no inherited deficiencies in galactose‐metabolizing enzymes were found. Ultrasonography and per‐rectal portal scintigraphy showed intrahepatic PSS of the right lobe as a cause of the hypergalactosemia. At age 12 months, the patient had elevated hepatic enzymes and small hypoechoic hepatic lesions around the shunt. On abdominal contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography spoke‐wheel sign and central stellate scar were seen, which are typical features of hepatic FNH without biopsy. Congenital intrahepatic PSS should be evaluated on abdominal contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and observed over time because of its potential to develop into hepatic FNH.
Mycobacterium avium complex‐associated peritonitis with CAPD after unrelated bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Miyashita Emiko , Yoshida Hisao , Mori Daisuke , Nakagawa Natsuki , Miyamura Takako , Ohta Hideaki , Seki Masafumi , Tomono Kazunori , Hashii Yoshiko , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPeritonitis remains an important complication of peritoneal dialysis and is mostly caused by aerobic enteric bacteria. Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)‐associated peritonitis is an unusual but serious infection, requiring special culture techniques to avoid delay in diagnosis. We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl with aplastic anemia on ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who had Mycobacterium avium complex‐associated peritonitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). This case emphasizes that we should be constantly cautious about NTM infection in allo‐HSCT recipients, especially when standard cultures are negative and the infection is refractory to empirical antibiotic therapy.
Transitional cell carcinoma in a patient with X‐linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
Authors: Li Jia‐Shiuan , Shyur Shyh‐Dar , Huang Ren‐Hung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPatients with X‐linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM) have a defective CD40–CD40 ligand system and further immunoglobulin class‐switching. They may present with recurrent infection and malignancy involving the liver, pancreas or biliary tract. We report here a case of poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma in a young man with XHIGM even on regular treatment and discuss the possible pathogenesis. Given that the triggering of the CD40–CD40 ligand system has been found to improve tumor immunogenicity in recent studies, future immunotherapy targeting the CD40 ligand for these patients may be feasible to prolong their survival.
Impairment of Host Resistance to Helminthes with Age in Murine Small Intestine
Authors: Morimoto M. , Saito C. , Muto C. , Akamatsu Y. , Chiba T. , Abe T. , Azuma N. , Suto Y. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAge‐associated alterations of Th2 immune responses against nematode parasites are largely unknown. We investigated primary and memory responses against two types of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), in aged mice. The small intestinal gene expression of Th2 cytokines was almost unchanged after primary (Nb and Hp) and secondary infection (Hp) in aged mice in contrast to strongly increased small intestinal gene expression of Th2 cytokines in young (3‐month‐old) mice. Mucus production decreased (Nb), and worm expulsion was impaired (Nb and Hp) compared with the young mice. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that after Hp infection, the number of alternatively activated macrophages, which are induced by Th2 cytokines, was lower in the aged mice. On the other hand, the number of CD4+ T cells recruited to the worm cysts was normal compared with the young mice. These results suggest that migration of CD4+ T cells to the host–parasite interface is not affected by ageing. Alterations in Th2 immune responses in aged mice might be due to inappropriate or insufficient activation of CD4+ T cells in the submucosa.
Civil Society and Political Participation: What Type of Political Participation is Influenced by Community Level Involvement in Civil Society?
Authors: Wallman Lundåsen Susanne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is thus to further explore the relationship between involvement in voluntary associations at the community level and specific forms of political participation. We pose the following questions. Do voluntary associations contribute to specific forms of individual political participation in a consociational context? Do voluntary associations encourage forms of political participation aimed at directly interacting with the policy process, or do they promote extraparliamentary forms of protest? The study contributes with testing three different measurements of community level involvement in voluntary associations and their correlations with individual level political participation. The empirical data is based upon a mulitilevel sample of 4232 individuals located in 33 different Swedish municipalities. Results show that only direct contacts with local elites are significantly correlated with community level participation in civil society organizations. This result may be interpreted as indicating that local voluntary associations contribute to the local political culture.
ARX Linear Model Set-Up for Fault Diagnosis of Gas Turbine Sensors
Authors: Bettocchi R. , Spina P. R. 
Published: December 2014

The diagnosis of gas turbine sensor faults requires models of the system to calculate estimates of the measured output system variables.
The model set-up phase is of great importance since the reliability of the diagnostic tool depends on the model accuracy.
In the paper two different methodologies of I/O linear model set-up are analyzed and compared to find the more simple and general one.
The first methodology consists in obtaining the I/O linear models by directly linearizing the physical laws (system modeling).
The second one uses statistical methods (system identification) to calculate model parameters from time series data measured on the machine. The models used are of the ARX (Auto Regressive with eXternal input) type. The number of models and the measured variables correlated by each of them have been determined in order to obtain unambiguous fault signatures for each sensor.
The system identification method proves to be more suitable to the system modeling because of its greater simplicity in the fault diagnosis application.
The Effect of Tip Clearance on the Development of Loss Behind a Rotor and a Subsequent Nozzle
Authors: Kaiser I. , Bindon J. P. 
Published: December 2014

In a previous work of a similar nature, the performance of a low speed axial turbine with a second stage nozzle was examined. Present findings suggest some interesting phenomena, including the effect of tip clearance on the flow within the rotor and show that poor resolution of a transducer and insufficient data points near the endwall were responsible for a number of incorrect conclusions in the original study.
In terms of blade tip geometry, a standard flat tip shape was found to deliver only a marginally better performance when compared to two streamlined shapes previously investigated and a double squealer tip. Although contemporary opinion suggests that a streamlined tip should increase the leakage flow and hence cause greater mixing losses, the machine efficiency was not significantly reduced. This is an exciting result since it suggests that a streamlined tip shape can be used to alleviate the problem of blade tip burnout without significantly reducing machine efficiency.
The flow behind the rotor (ie time averaged) was found to be in reasonable agreement with linear cascade data when time averaged even though the latter did not include any effects of relative motion. An increase in clearance was seen to reduce the Euler work and also to cause a deficit of mass flow across the remainder of the blade right down to the hub.
As in the previous study, the second stage nozzle efficiency was seen to be independent of tip clearance or tip shape. However, the improvement in comparison with the first nozzle was not found to be as large, due to a previously undetected very thin ring of high energy leakage fluid. When this is taken into account, the efficiency of the second stage nozzle is comparable to the first.
The second nozzle was seen to have a flow straightening effect on the undetected high energy leakage flow, causing a rapid mixing process within these downstream blade passages. The growth of secondary flow was reduced at both the hub and the tip and this is believed to result in a slight reduction in loss. The outlet flow was closer to design conditions than that of the first stage nozzle.
The Development of a Dry Low NOx Combustion System for the EGT Typhoon
Authors: Kowkabi Mahmoud , Noden Richard , De Pietro Simon 
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the development of an ultra low NOx (i.e. sub 10 ppmvd) combustion system from the successful completion of a high pressure rig programme, to the installation of the system on a gas turbine in commercial operation. It includes a detailed description of early screening tests for DLN concepts and an explanation of how these were developed on both rig and engine test bed.
Specific discussions include the concepts and technology for:
1) NOx reduction
2) Optimisation of premix turndown for carbon monoxide control at part load conditions
3) Control of combustion driven pressure oscillation (combustor dynamics) and the failures resulting from the lack of control.
In addition to the DLN aerothermal development, an outline description of the combustor mechanical design and the control and systems modification from the conventional combustion system is given.
Aero-Thermal Design and Testing of Advanced Turbine Blades
Authors: Haendler M. , Raake D. , Scheurlen M. 
Published: December 2014

Based on the experience gained with more than 80 machines operating worldwide in 50 and 60 Hz electrical systems respectively, Siemens has developed a new generation of advanced gas turbines which yield substantially improved performance at a higher output level. This “3A-Series” comprises three gas turbine models ranging from 70 MW to 240 MW for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power generation applications.
The first of the new advanced gas turbines with 170 MW and 3600 rpm was tested in the Berlin factory test facility under the full range of operation conditions. It was equipped with various measurement systems to monitor pressures, gas and metal temperatures, clearances, strains, vibrations and exhaust emissions.
This paper presents the aero-thermal design procedure of the highly thermal loaded film cooled first stage blading. The predictions are compared with the extensive optical pyrometer measurements taken at the Siemens test facility on the V84.3A machine under full load conditions. The pyrometer was inserted at several locations in the turbine and radially moved giving a complete surface temperature information of the first stage vanes and blades.
3D Reynolds Stress Modelling of Turbulent Flow in Linear Turbine Cascade
Authors: Kanniche M. , Boudjemadi R. , Déjean F. , Archambeau F. 
Published: December 2014

The flow in a linear turbine cascade (Gregory-Smith et al. (1990)) is numerically investigated using a Reynolds Stress Turbulence closure. A particular attention is given to secondary flows where the normal Reynolds stresses are expected to play an important role. The most classical turbulence closure, the k-epsilon model uses the Boussinesq Eddy Viscosity concept which assumes an isotropic turbulent viscosity. The Reynolds stresses are then related to local velocity gradients by this isotropic eddy viscosity. Corollary, the principal axes of the Reynolds stress tensor are colinear with those of the mean strain tensor. The advantage of Reynolds Stress Turbulence closure is the calculation of Reynolds stresses by their own individual transport equations. This leads to a more realistic description of the turbulence and of its dependance on the mean flow.
The most classical Second Order turbulence model (Launder et al. (1975)) is applied to a linear turbine cascade, and the results are compared to secondary velocity and turbulence measurements at cross-passage planes.
Experimental Study of the Unsteady Aerodynamics in a Linear Cascade With Low Reynolds Number Low Pressure Turbine Blades
Authors: Murawski Christopher G. , Sondergaard Rolf , Rivir Richard B. , Vafai Kambiz , Simon Terrence W. , Volino Ralph J. 
Published: December 2014

Low pressure turbines in aircraft experience large changes in flow Reynolds number as the gas turbine engine operates from takeoff to high altitude cruise. Low pressure turbine blades are also subject to regions of strong acceleration and diffusion. These changes in Reynolds number, strong acceleration, as well as elevated levels of turbulence can result in unsteady separation and transition zones on the surface of the blade.
An experimental study was conducted in a two-dimensional linear cascade, focusing on the suction surface of a low pressure turbine blade. The intent was to assess the effects of changes in Reynolds number, and freestream turbulence intensity. Flow Reynolds numbers, based on exit velocity and suction surface length, have been varied from 50,000 to 300,000. The freestream turbulence intensity was varied from 1.1 to 8.1 percent.
Separation was observed at all test Reynolds numbers. Increasing the flow Reynolds number, without changing freestream turbulence, resulted in a slightly rearward movement of the onset of separation and shrinkage of the separation zone.
Increasing the freestream turbulence intensity, without changing Reynolds number resulted in a shrinkage of the separation region on the suction surface.
Increasing both flow Reynolds numbers and freestream turbulence intensity compounded these effects such that at a Reynolds number of 300,000 and a freestream turbulence intensity of 8.1%, the separation zone was almost nonexistent.
The influences on the blade’s wake from altering freestream turbulence and Reynolds number are also documented. The width of the wake and velocity defect rise with a decrease in either turbulence level or chord Reynolds number.
Numerical simulations were performed in support of experimental results. The numerical results compare well qualitatively with the low freestream turbulence experimental cases.
A Numerical Approach to Unstalled and Stalled Flutter Phenomena in Turbomachinery Cascades
Authors: Weber Stefan , Benetschik Hannes , Peitsch Dieter , Gallus Heinz E. 
Published: December 2014

During the design process of compressor and turbine blades the investigation of flutter phenomena becomes increasingly important since higher load and better efficiency are desired. As an improvement on the numerical analysis and prediction of unsteady flow through turbomachine cascades with vibrating blades a time accurate Navier Stokes code for S1-stream surfaces SAFES1 is presented within the scope of this paper. To validate the code, numerical results for sub- and transonic test cases of a turbine and a compressor cascade are compared with experimental data. Their good agreement and comparison with Euler calculations show the necessity to take into account viscous effects. To cope with shock waves and areas of separation in laminar or turbulent flow, the fully non linearized Navier Stokes equations are solved using an algebraic turbulence model by Baldwin and Lomax. An approximative upwind flux difference splitting scheme suggested by Roe is implemented. Third order spatial accuracy can be achieved by the MUSCL technique in conjunction with a TVD scheme and a flux limiter by van Albada. By applying either an explicit or an implicit scheme the algorithm can give second order temporal accuracy. The implicit scheme exactly describes the time dependent solution by following a Newton subiteration for every time step.
The blades are discretized in a single passage by a C- or O-type grid. The harmonic motion of the blades is bending or torsion or both simultaneously in a non-rotating or rotating frame of reference. For the chosen mode of oscillation the time dependent axial and circumferential blade forces are determined as well as the resulting moment and damping coefficient. To handle a phaseshift between the motion of the blades a direct store method is used. For the unsteady grid movement a fast grid generation is performed in the core region.
A Probabilistic Approach to Life Management for Auxiliary Power Units
Authors: Eastman Don , Elgin Rick , Hao Beilene 
Published: December 2014

Component fatigue life is a major concern in the design of gas turbine Auxiliary Power Units as it directly influences the reliability and life cycle cost of the end product. Accordingly, there is heavy emphasis placed upon designing components which safely maximize their fatigue life. Typical industry practice for managing fatigue has relied on what is commonly referred to as the “safe life approach” in which retirement lives are analytically determined for components and hardware is removed from service before fatigue related failures can occur.
The safe life approach is deterministic in nature since stress analysis results based on minimum geometry, material properties and maximum load are used to set a single life for the component. However, service experience shows that fatigue failures can occur before service life and that actual service lives are distributed over a large range of values as a result of variables not accounted for by deterministic methods.
In order to better achieve the goal of minimizing product life cycle costs while recognizing the variable nature of fatigue lives, Sundstrand Aerospace (SA) has developed a Life Management Plan (LMP) which includes probabilistic methods to augment the company’s standard safe life methodology.
Sundstrand’s LMP builds on the safe life methodology by using statistical distributions along with Monte Carlo simulations to predict initial component cracking rates. These initial predictions are used to guide an inspection program which provides actual cracking data. As this inspection data base grows, the initial simulation is modified to include the inspection data and the predicted failure rates are updated. This provides Sundstrand with a tool to manage failure risk in the field as well as to provide early warning of negative trends.
This paper will discuss how Sundstrand’s LMP was devised and implemented as well as what lessons have been learned and what changes are planned for future incorporation. A case history will be cited to illustrate how the LMP has worked, comparing predictions to actual experience.