bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐1β associations with posttraumatic epilepsy development: A genetics and biomarker cohort study
Authors: Diamond Matthew L. , Ritter Anne C. , Failla Michelle D. , Boles Jennifer A. , Conley Yvette P. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectivePosttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet the role of genetic variation in modulating PTE onset is unclear. We hypothesized that TBI‐induced inflammation likely contributes to seizure development. We assessed whether genetic variation in the interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) gene, Il‐1β levels in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum, and CSF/serum IL‐1β ratios would predict PTE development post‐TBI.MethodsWe investigated PTE development in 256 Caucasian adults with moderate‐to‐severe TBI. IL‐1β tagging and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Genetic variance and PTE development were assessed. Serum and CSF IL‐1β levels were collected from a subset of subjects (n = 59) during the first week postinjury and evaluated for their associations with IL‐1β gene variants, and also PTE. Temporally matched CSF/serum IL‐1β ratios were also generated to reflect the relative contribution of serum IL‐1β to CSF IL‐1β.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that higher CSF/serum IL‐1β ratios were associated with increased risk for PTE over time (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis for rs1143634 revealed an association between the CT genotype and increased PTE risk over time (p = 0.005). The CT genotype group also had lower serum IL‐1β levels (p = 0.014) and higher IL‐1β CSF/serum ratios (p = 0.093).SignificanceThis is the first report implicating IL‐1β gene variability in PTE risk and linking (1) IL‐1β gene variation with serum IL‐1β levels observed after TBI and (2) IL‐1β ratios with PTE risk. Given these findings, we propose that genetic and IL‐1β ratio associations with PTE may be attributable to biologic variability with blood–brain barrier integrity during TBI recovery. These results provide a rationale for further studies (1) validating the impact of genetic variability on IL‐1β production after TBI, (2) assessing genetically mediated signaling mechanisms that contribute to IL‐1β CSF/serum associations with PTE, and (3) evaluating targeted IL‐1β therapies that reduce PTE.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Framework of barrier reefs threatened by ocean acidification
Authors: Comeau Steeve , Lantz Coulson A. , Edmunds Peter J. , Carpenter Robert C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo date, studies of ocean acidification (OA) on coral reefs have focused on organisms rather than communities, and the few community effects that have been addressed have focused on shallow back reef habitats. The effects of OA on outer barrier reefs, which are the most striking of coral reef habitats and are functionally and physically different from back reefs, are unknown. Using 5‐m long outdoor flumes to create treatment conditions, we constructed coral reef communities comprised of calcified algae, corals, and reef pavement that were assembled to match the community structure at 17 m depth on the outer barrier reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. Communities were maintained under ambient and 1200 μatm pCO2 for 7 weeks, and net calcification rates were measured at different flow speeds. Community net calcification was significantly affected by OA, especially at night when net calcification was depressed ~78% compared to ambient pCO2. Flow speed (2–14 cm s−1) enhanced net calcification only at night under elevated pCO2. Reef pavement also was affected by OA, with dissolution ~86% higher under elevated pCO2 compared to ambient pCO2. These results suggest that net accretion of outer barrier reef communities will decline under OA conditions predicted within the next 100 years, largely because of increased dissolution of reef pavement. Such extensive dissolution poses a threat to the carbonate foundation of barrier reef communities.
Responses of seagrass to anthropogenic and natural disturbances do not equally translate to its consumers
Authors: Tomas Fiona , Martínez‐Crego Begoña , Hernán Gema , Santos Rui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCoastal communities are under threat from many and often co‐occurring local (e.g., pollution, eutrophication) and global stressors (e.g., climate change), yet understanding the interactive and cumulative impacts of multiple stressors in ecosystem function is far from being accomplished. Ecological redundancy may be key for ecosystem resilience, but there are still many gaps in our understanding of interspecific differences within a functional group, particularly regarding response diversity, that is, whether members of a functional group respond equally or differently to anthropogenic stressors. Herbivores are critical in determining plant community structure and the transfer of energy up the food web. Human disturbances may alter the ecological role of herbivory by modifying the defense strategies of plants and thus the feeding patterns and performance of herbivores. We conducted a suite of experiments to examine the independent and interactive effects of anthropogenic (nutrient and CO2 additions) and natural (simulated herbivory) disturbances on a seagrass and its interaction with two common generalist consumers to understand how multiple disturbances can impact both a foundation species and a key ecological function (herbivory) and to assess the potential existence of response diversity to anthropogenic and natural changes in these systems. While all three disturbances modified seagrass defense traits, there were contrasting responses of herbivores to such plant changes. Both CO2 and nutrient additions influenced herbivore feeding behavior, yet while sea urchins preferred nutrient‐enriched seagrass tissue (regardless of other experimental treatments), isopods were deterred by these same plant tissues. In contrast, carbon enrichment deterred sea urchins and attracted isopods, while simulated herbivory only influenced isopod feeding choice. These contrasting responses of herbivores to disturbance‐induced changes in seagrass help to better understand the ecological functioning of seagrass ecosystems in the face of human disturbances and may have important implications regarding the resilience and conservation of these threatened ecosystems.
Climate and landscape influence on indicators of lake carbon cycling through spatial patterns in dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Lapierre Jean‐Francois , Seekell David A. , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are strongly influenced by both climate and the surrounding landscape, yet the specific pathways connecting climatic and landscape drivers to the functioning of lake ecosystems are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that the links that exist between spatial patterns in climate and landscape properties and the spatial variation in lake carbon (C) cycling at regional scales are at least partly mediated by the movement of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the aquatic component of the landscape. We assembled a set of indicators of lake C cycling (bacterial respiration and production, chlorophyll a, production to respiration ratio, and partial pressure of CO2), DOC concentration and composition, and landscape and climate characteristics for 239 temperate and boreal lakes spanning large environmental and geographic gradients across seven regions. There were various degrees of spatial structure in climate and landscape features that were coherent with the regionally structured patterns observed in lake DOC and indicators of C cycling. These different regions aligned well, albeit nonlinearly along a mean annual temperature gradient; whereas there was a considerable statistical effect of climate and landscape properties on lake C cycling, the direct effect was small and the overall effect was almost entirely overlapping with that of DOC concentration and composition. Our results suggest that key climatic and landscape signals are conveyed to lakes in part via the movement of terrestrial DOC to lakes and that DOC acts both as a driver of lake C cycling and as a proxy for other external signals.
Decadal warming causes a consistent and persistent shift from heterotrophic to autotrophic respiration in contrasting permafrost ecosystems
Authors: Hicks Pries Caitlin E. , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Natali Susan M. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Aerts Rien , Dorrepaal Ellen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoil carbon in permafrost ecosystems has the potential to become a major positive feedback to climate change if permafrost thaw increases heterotrophic decomposition. However, warming can also stimulate autotrophic production leading to increased ecosystem carbon storage—a negative climate change feedback. Few studies partitioning ecosystem respiration examine decadal warming effects or compare responses among ecosystems. Here, we first examined how 11 years of warming during different seasons affected autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a bryophyte‐dominated peatland in Abisko, Sweden. We used natural abundance radiocarbon to partition ecosystem respiration into autotrophic respiration, associated with production, and heterotrophic decomposition. Summertime warming decreased the age of carbon respired by the ecosystem due to increased proportional contributions from autotrophic and young soil respiration and decreased proportional contributions from old soil. Summertime warming's large effect was due to not only warmer air temperatures during the growing season, but also to warmer deep soils year‐round. Second, we compared ecosystem respiration responses between two contrasting ecosystems, the Abisko peatland and a tussock‐dominated tundra in Healy, Alaska. Each ecosystem had two different timescales of warming (<5 years and over a decade). Despite the Abisko peatland having greater ecosystem respiration and larger contributions from heterotrophic respiration than the Healy tundra, both systems responded consistently to short‐ and long‐term warming with increased respiration, increased autotrophic contributions to ecosystem respiration, and increased ratios of autotrophic to heterotrophic respiration. We did not detect an increase in old soil carbon losses with warming at either site. If increased autotrophic respiration is balanced by increased primary production, as is the case in the Healy tundra, warming will not cause these ecosystems to become growing season carbon sources. Warming instead causes a persistent shift from heterotrophic to more autotrophic control of the growing season carbon cycle in these carbon‐rich permafrost ecosystems.
Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia possibly originates from the junctional gingival epithelium—an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Allon Irit , Lammert Kaila M , Iwase Rei , Spears Robert , Wright John M , Naidu Aparna 
Published: July 2015

AimsTo immunohistochemically evaluate the cytokeratin (CK) pattern of expression in localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (LJSGH) as compared with the gingival epithelium (GE).Methods and resultsTen cases of LJSGH were semiquantitatively evaluated for the immunohistochemical pattern of CK1/10, CK4, CK8/18, and CK19. GE controls were taken from 10 cases of reactive gingival fibroepithelial hyperplasia. GEs showed mean positivity rates of 80% for both CK1/10 and CK4, and 5% for both CK8/18 and CK19. LJSGHs showed mean positivity rates of 65% for CK19, 60% for CK8/18, 30% for CK4, and 5% for CK1/10. The differences between LJSGHs and GEs were statistically significant (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe LJSGH pattern of CK expression is reminiscent of the profile described in the literature for the junctional epithelium (JE). Possibly, JE exteriorized from the gingival sulcus would be more prone to irritation from a variety of sources, resulting in inflammation and hyperplasia, with the subsequent development of LJSGH.
Bringing together scattered and localized actors: political consumerism as a tool for self‐organizing anti‐mafia communities
Authors: Forno Francesca 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBy introducing political consumerism into the vocabulary of the anti‐Mafia movement, Addiopizzo activists – a group of post‐grad students formed in 2004 – have been able to effectively encourage a growing number of entrepreneurs and shopkeepers to join together to oppose the extortion racket systems in the city of Palermo, Italy. By referring to social movements approaches, the paper discusses how a small, locally‐based Social Movement Organization (SMO) has succeeded in mobilizing different segments of society by connecting its symbolic, material and structural dimensions. Data for the analysis came from several sources: interviews with the activists themselves, participant observation, media analysis and a structured questionnaire distributed to 277 entrepreneurs who had joined the mobilization.
Safety and quality evaluation of large meat joints cooled by a precommercial immersion vacuum cooling prototype
Authors: Drummond Liana , Meinert Lene , Koch Anette Granly , Würtz Jens , Zhang Zhihang , Sun Da‐Wen 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA series of independent studies were conducted to document the performance of an immersion vacuum cooling (IVC) prototype. Pork hams of commercial size were cured, cooked and then cooled using either a chill cabinet, a chilling room or the IVC prototype. Cooking and cooling losses, temperature profiles and selected product quality properties were compared. Results showed that no growth of spores was detected on either IVC or chill cabinet hams, while growth was detected on chilling room hams. Texture attributes comparison concluded that all tested samples were equally juicy and tender. Thiamine retention analysis showed that the observed decrease in concentration was irrespective of cooling method. Average cooling time from 50 to 20 °C (at sample core) was approximately 90 min. Overall, it can be concluded that IVC is a time‐reducing cooling method that has no deleterious consequences on product safety or quality.
Change management in pharmacy: a simulation game and pharmacy leaders’ rating of 35 barriers to change†
Authors: Guérin Aurélie , Lebel Denis , Hall Kevin , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The primary objective was to rank barriers to change in pharmacy practice. Our secondary objective was to create a simulation game to stimulate reflection and discussion on the topic of change management.

Methods
The game was created by the authors and used during a symposium attended by 43 hospital pharmacy leaders from all regions of Canada (Millcroft Conference, Alton, Ontario, June 2013). The main theme of the conference was ‘managing change’.

Key findings
The simulation game, the rating of 35 barriers to change and the discussion that followed provided an opportunity for hospital pharmacy leaders to reflect on potential barriers to change, and how change might be facilitated through the use of an organized approach to change, such as that described in Kotter’s eight-step model.

Conclusions
This simulation game, and the associated rating of barriers to change, provided an opportunity for a group of hospital pharmacy leaders in Canada to reflect on the challenges associated with managing change in the healthcare setting. This simulation game can be modified and used by pharmacy practitioners in other countries to help identify and rank barriers to change in their particular pharmacy practice setting.
Public knowledge and factors associated with inappropriate analgesic use: a survey in Thailand
Authors: Saengcharoen Woranuch , Buasri Nutdaporn , Khantapokha Boonyisa , Lerkiatbundit Sanguan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to evaluate knowledge of analgesics and factors associated with inappropriate analgesic use among the public.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was carried out in one large city in the south of Thailand. The survey was conducted using interview of people of age 16 or older. The questionnaire elicited information regarding knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on analgesic use including prevalence of taking paracetamol &gt;4 g/day (overdosage) and not taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with meals (inappropriate taking).

Key findings
Of 1982 participants, paracetamol overdose (n = 595) and inappropriate NSAID users (n = 751) were less likely to give correct answers about analgesics compared with appropriate users. The overdose use was inversely associated with knowledge on paracetamol (odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83, 0.98) but directly associated with positive attitudes towards high dose taking (OR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.49, 3.11), and high frequency of analgesic use (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.24, 2.54). Inappropriate NSAID ingestion was inversely associated with knowledge on NSAIDs and directly associated with more commonly obtaining analgesics from community pharmacies (OR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82, 0.92 and OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.61, respectively).

Conclusions
Poor knowledge, positive attitudes towards high dose or high frequency of analgesic consumption and the patterns of using drugs were associated with inappropriate analgesic use especially that of paracetamol.
Simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy for ureteral calculi combined with renal staghorn calculi
Authors: Shen Peng Fei , Liu Nian , Wei Wu Ran , Xu Peng , Li Si , Luo Yu Hui , Zhao Tao , Zhang Xing Ming , Zeng Hao , Wang Jia 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness of simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy for ureteral calculi combined with contralateral renal staghorn calculi.MethodsThe present prospective controlled trial had been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR‐ONRC‐13004146). Patients with ureteral calculi and contralateral renal staghorn calculi were enrolled into the staged (ureteroscopic lithotripsy first followed by a staged percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or the simultaneous (synchronous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy) treatment group according to the odd or even number of the last hospitalization number. All patients signed informed consent. The primary outcomes were the stone‐free rate and total hospital costs. The second outcomes were the operative and anesthesia times, the complication rate, and hospital stay.ResultsA total of 51 patients were enrolled into the staged group and 52 patients were enrolled into the simultaneous group. There were no statistically significant differences in patients’ characteristics. The overall stone‐free rate was 94.1% in the staged group and 92.3% in the simultaneous group. No severe complication was observed. The total hospital stay of the staged group was longer, and it was negatively correlated to different procedures. The cost in the staged group was higher, and it was correlated with total operation time and postoperative hospital stay.ConclusionsSimultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy and contralateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy represent safe and effective procedures, and they can be considered as a first‐line treatment for selected patients presenting with ureteral calculi combined with contralateral renal calculi.
Novel BiFeO3–BaTiO3–Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Lead‐Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics for Energy‐Storage Capacitors
Authors: Zheng Donggeng , Zuo Ruzhong , Zhang Dongshuai , Li Yang 
Published: July 2015

A novel lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramic of (0.67−x)BiFeO3–0.33BaTiO3–xBa(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [(0.67−x)BF–0.33BT–xBMN, x = 0–0.1] was prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. A relatively high maximum polarization Pmax of 38 μC/cm2 and a low remanent polarization Pr of 5.7 μC/cm2 were attained under 12.5 kV/mm in the x = 0.06 sample, leading to an excellent energy‐storage density of W ~1.56 J/cm3 and a moderate energy‐storage efficiency of η ~75%. Moreover, a good temperature stability of the energy storage was obtained in the x = 0.06 sample from 25°C to 190°C. The achievement of these characteristics was basically attributed to an electric field induced reversible ergodic to ferroelectric phase transition owing to similar free energies near a critical freezing temperature. The results indicate that the (0.67−x)BF–0.33BT–xBMN lead‐free realxor ferroelectric ceramic could be a promising dielectric material for energy‐storage capacitors.
Genetic control of the environmental variance for birth weight in seven generations of a divergent selection experiment in mice
Authors: Formoso‐Rafferty N. , Cervantes I. , Ibáñez‐Escriche N. , Gutiérrez J.P. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryData from seven generations of a divergent selection experiment designed for environmental variability of birth weight were analysed to estimate genetic parameters and to explore signs of selection response. A total of 10 783 birth weight records from 638 females and 1127 litters in combination with 10 007 pedigree records were used. Each record of birth weight was assigned to the mother of the pup in a heteroscedastic model, and after seven generations of selection, evidence of success in the selection process was shown. A Bayesian analysis showed that success of the selection process started from the first generation for birth weight and from the second generation for its environmental variability. Genetic parameters were estimated across generations. However, only from the third generation onwards were the records useful to consider the results to be reliable. The results showed a consistent positive and low genetic correlation between the birth weight trait and its environmental variability, which could allow an independent selection process. This study has demonstrated that the genetic control of the birth weight environmental variability is possible in mice. Nevertheless, before the results are applied directly in farm animals, it would be worth confirming any other implications on other important traits, such as robustness, longevity and welfare.
Political parties and the EU in national election campaigns: who talks about Europe, and how?
Authors: Senninger Roman , Wagner Markus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper examines political party mobilization on European Union issues during national election campaigns. We consider which actors talk about the EU, specifically which parties and which actors within parties, as well as how these actors talk about the EU, specifically the types of EU issues addressed as well as their framing. We argue that issue‐based strategies and government participation may provide important reasons why parties only mobilize selectively on EU issues. We test our expectations using data from party press releases in Austrian general election campaigns in 2008 and 2013. We find that selective mobilization is most prevalent in terms of content, thus in how parties talk about the EU. This article provides new evidence on the extent of party political contestation over EU issues and shows how strategic incentives limit the ways in which they are incorporated into national politics.