bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: New C‐Glycosylated α‐Amino Acid Synthesis by Addition Reaction of an Amino Acid Organozinc Reagent on Carbohydrate‐Derived Aldehydes.
Authors: Boutard Nicolas , Labeguere Frederic , Vidal Yves , Lavergne Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Jean 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA protocol for the Lewis acid mediated addition of the new amino acid organozinc compound (VI) to simple aldehydes is developed and successfully applied to the synthesis of novel C‐glycosylated amino acids such as (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a 2‐Deoxy‐2‐acetonyl Sugar from Its Corresponding Natural Saccharide.
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Yang , Wang Zhijun , Wang Zhongfu , Huang Linjuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of a 2‐deoxy‐2‐acetonyl sugar (VI) from its corresponding natural sugar involves methallylation of the 2‐iodo sugar (III) as key step.
Train timetable evaluation from the viewpoint of passengers by microsimulation of train operation and passenger flow
Authors: Kunimatsu Taketoshi , Hirai Chikara , Tomii Norio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn order to evaluate train timetables from point of view of the passengers, it is indispensable to estimate the disutility of passengers. This can be done by accurately estimating the movements of passengers and trains. In particular, when there is a large number of passengers, the interactions between the passengers and trains must be considered. To this end, we have developed a microsimulation system to simulate both train operation and passengers' train choice behavior. The system can simulate the train choice behaviors of more than one million passengers as well as their positions in trains. It is possible to estimate the delays caused by crowding in trains as well. The system is based on models of different attitudes of the passengers with respect to the train choice behavior, which includes the choice of the earliest train, transfer avoidance, and avoiding crowding; a passenger's train choice behavior reflects his/her preferences. We applied this system to an actual railway line in a metropolitan area and evaluated two train schedules by calculating the generalized cost, which reflects each passenger's disutility based on his/her experience. Numerical experiments confirmed that the proposed method is very useful for evaluating timetables from the point of view of the passengers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(4): 51–62, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21264
Electric double‐layer capacitor module with series‐parallel reconfigurable cell voltage equalizers
Authors: Uno Masatoshi , Kukita Akio , Tanaka Koji 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWhen electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) are connected in series, a cell voltage imbalance occurs due to nonuniform cell properties. Cell voltage imbalance should be minimized to prolong cycle lives and maximize the available energy of cells. In this study, we propose a series‐parallel reconfigurable cell voltage equalizer that is considered suitable for energy storage systems using EDLCs instead of traditional secondary batteries as the main energy storage sources. The proposed equalizer requires only EDLCs and switches as its main circuit elements, and it utilizes EDLCs not only for energy storage but also for equalization. An equivalent circuit model using equivalent resistors that can be regarded as an index of equalization speed is developed. Current distribution and cell voltage imbalancing during operation are quantitatively generalized. Experimental charge–discharge tests were performed on the EDLC modules to demonstrate the performance of the cell voltage equalizer. All the cells in the modules could be charged/discharged uniformly even when a degradation‐mimicking cell was intentionally included in the module. The resultant cell voltage imbalances and current distributions were in good agreement with those predicted by mathematical analyses. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 181(4): 38–50, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21287
Selective Recognition of the Higher Alkali Fluoride Ion Pairs by a Class of Coordination‐Driven Non‐Ditopic Ligands
Authors: Almog Joseph , Gavish‐Abramovich Ifat , Rozin Rinat , Cohen Shmuel , Yardeni Guy , Zilbermann Israel 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA first non‐ditopic system for selective recognition and binding of the higher alkali fluorides (KF, RbF, and CsF) is reported. Specific ion‐pair recognition was achieved by using vasarenes, a new class of self‐assembled bowl‐shaped compounds that show specific affinity toward the ion pairs and display no affinity for either the “free” cation or the anion. Vasarenes precipitate the higher alkali fluorides from solution, thus showing promising potential in separation processes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C–H Arylation of Thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazines: Synthesis of Advanced Oligomeric and Polymeric Materials
Authors: Abdo Nabiha I. , El‐Shehawy Ashraf A. , El‐Barbary Ahmed A. , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe first examples are reported of an efficient regioselective direct C–H arylation of thieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (TP) and its 2,3‐dimethyl derivative with bromoalkylthiophenes (BATs), under Heck experimental conditions using Pd(OAc)2/Bu4NBr as the catalytic system, giving rise to a variety of valuable aryl‐substituted thienopyrazines. The obtained results suggested that the 2‐position of the TP moiety is less reactive towards C–H arylation than the 5‐ and 7‐positions. Moreover, the 3‐position of the TP moiety showed almost no significant reactivity when all other positions were arylated. The C–H arylation of 2,3‐dimethyl‐TP with an excess amount of BATs proceeded smoothly, affording the corresponding diarylated thienopyrazine derivatives in excellent yields, without any additional products. Compared to usual cross‐coupling reactions, the present synthetic methodology has been used to prepare interesting donor–acceptor π‐conjugated polymeric materials in a facial manner in a simple way. Microwave‐assisted polymerization proved to be efficient for obtaining reasonable molecular weight copolymers ranging from 18.8 to 24.3 kg mol–1. Incorporating the thienopyrazine unit into polyhexylthiophene chains affected the photophysical and electrochemical properties. The optical band gaps were estimated to be in the range of 1.63–1.06 eV. All copolymers exhibited a diffraction peak at around 2θ = 5.72° corresponding to a d spacing of 15.43 Å, which was assigned to an interchain spacing between polymer main chains similar to that found in P3HT. Moreover, a peak around 2θ = 23.09 (3.84 Å) was also observed and is believed to be related to π‐π stacking of the polymer backbones.
Dune field development, interactions and boundary conditions for crescentic and stellate megadunes of the Al Liwa Basin, the Empty Quarter
Authors: Bishop Mark A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWithin the greater Ar Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) sand sea lies an internal depocentre, the Al Liwa Basin, which comprises a variety of mega‐scale dune types. Crescentic dunes dominant the north of the basin while megadunes of stellate or star form are a major landform of the south‐eastern reaches. Their development into dune fields is determined by the style and rate of dune–dune interactions, the boundary conditions imposed by a multi‐modal wind regime, fluctuating groundwater levels, and sediment availability under an assortment of climatic conditions throughout the Quaternary. As a result, dune field patterns are a collective response to these perturbations in space, time and environment. The R‐statistic is a collective measure of these responses, and is a metric capable of identifying the degree of pattern maturity or self‐organization of the aeolian system, and the pathways from which patterns evolve. The spatial signature of the southerly located star dunes is characterized by two definitive patterns of organization: the first, one of complete spatial randomness, the second, a low degree of spatial uniformity. In isolation, these results appear to be unrelated to those for crescentic dunes of the region in which a significantly higher degree of pattern dispersion is the norm. However, when spatial statistical measures are integrated with the theoretical understanding of dune–dune interactions and the involvement of environmental agents, the complex morphodynamic pathways and linkages between regional dune fields is better understood. In this case, both constructive (e.g. merging, lateral linking) and regenerative activity (e.g. calving) have played important roles in the development of dune size, and associated adjustments in spacing, and dune numbers, and subsequently dune field patterns. Synergetic patterns are emblematic of this vast dunescape, whereby transitional geographic, morphologic, dimensional and environmental modifications exist between the mega‐crescentic and mega‐stellate dunes of the Empty Quarter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aiptasia pulchella: a tropical cnidarian representative for laboratory ecotoxicological research
Authors: Howe Pelli Louise , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda Jean , Clark Malcolm William 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
An urgent need exists to identify suitable tropical marine species for use in the development of sensitive and reliable test methods for routine laboratory ecotoxicological testing. Corals are a group of organisms not represented in routine ecotoxicology due to inherent difficulties in laboratory husbandry, and sea anemones from the same phylum (cnidaria) may be useful proxies. Aiptasia pulchella is a tropical symbiotic sea anemone with a wide geographic range. It is well suited to laboratory conditions and has been used extensively in research. However, its suitability as a toxicity test species has not been investigated. Assessment of juvenile recruitment in laboratory and semi-outdoor conditions showed higher production in semi-outdoor conditions; however, laboratory rearing produced enough recruits to run routine toxicity tests. In investigations of the sensitivity of A. pulchella to contaminants, acute tests were conducted on 1- to 2-mm juveniles using copper. Lethal concentration, 50% (LC50) values at 96 h estimated from tests using five and 10 replicates ranged from 30 to 83 and 60 to 90 µg/L, respectively, and a 28-d LC50 of 26 µg/L was estimated. During the present study, sublethal endpoints were investigated; chronic assessment of inhibited asexual reproduction looks promising (12-d effective concentration, 50% [EC50] 15 µg/L) and should be assessed further. Aiptasia pulchella is a species worthy of investigation as a cnidarian representative, and will be an invaluable contribution to tropical marine ecotoxicologists. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2653–2662. © 2012 SETAC
Diaspores in Eriocaulaceae: morphology, mechanisms, and implications
Authors: Trovó Marcelo , Stützel Thomas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough diaspores and the dispersal mechanisms are keystones to tackle the evolution of Eriocaulaceae, most of the useful information is lost in taxonomic and morphological papers in a more or less unstructured way. This survey intends thus to summarize and organize the relevant information available and point new insights. Observations and photographs were made in the field, together with complementary experiments. The seeds are the smallest dispersal units and are released by the shrinkage of the pericarp. They are rarely dispersed alone but normally within the fruits or parts of it. The fruits can be released from the capitula by different systems: shrinkage of the dry receptacle and consequent release of all flowers and fruits or only the fruits, anemoballistic mechanism, catapult mechanism, and elevator mechanism. The capitula, with scapes or not, may serve as dispersal units as well. The different dispersal mechanisms seem to be deeply related to the geographic distribution of Eriocaulaceae species and may serve also to taxonomic and phylogenetic purposes. From the current stand point we encourage future studies in this area, explicitly associated with molecular studies on the population level. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two‐dimensional non‐Newtonian injection molding with a new control volume FEM/volume of fluid method
Authors: Salinas Carlos , Vasco Diego A. , Moraga Nelson O. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYA new method based on volume of fluid for interface tracking in the simulation of injection molding is presented. The proposed method is comprised of two main stages: accumulation and distribution of the volume fraction. In the first stage the equation for the volume fraction with a noninterfacial flux condition is solved. In the second stage the accumulated volume of fluid that arises as a consequence of the application of the first one is dispersed. This procedure guarantees that the fluid fills the available space without dispersion of the interface. The mathematical model is based on two‐phase transport equations that are numerically integrated through the control volume finite element method. The numerical results for the interface position are successfully verified with analytical results and numerical data available in the literature for one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional domains. The transient position of the advance fronts showed an effective and consistent simulation of an injection molding process. The nondispersive volume of fluid method here proposed is implemented for the simulation of nonisothermal injection molding in two‐dimensional cavities. The obtained results are represented as transient interface positions, isotherms and pressure distributions during the injection molding of low density polyethylene. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone deacetylase activity is required for human oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation
Authors: Conway Gregory D. , O'Bara Melanie A. , Vedia Bansi H. , Pol Suyog U. , Sim Fraser J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms controlling human oligodendrocyte development are poorly characterized. Microarray analysis of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and immature oligodendrocytes revealed that specific‐class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) target genes were actively repressed during oligodendrocyte commitment. Although epigenetic regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation has been established in rodent development, the role of HDACs in human OPCs remains undefined. We used HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate to determine the importance of HDAC activity in human primary OPC differentiation. Treatment with either drug resulted in significant dose‐dependent inhibition of O4+ oligodendrocyte cell differentiation, reduction of oligodendrocyte morphological maturation, and downregulation of myelin basic protein mRNA. High dose TSA treatment was also associated with reduction in OPC proliferation. HDACi treatment prevented downregulation of SOX2, ID4, and TCF7L2 mRNAs but did not regulate HES5, suggesting that targets of HDAC repression may differ between species. These results predict that HDACi treatment would impair proliferation and differentiation by parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitors, and thereby degrade their potential for endogenous repair in human demyelinating disease. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute multiple arterial thrombosis after cisplatin in base of tongue carcinoma: Case report
Authors: Rishi Anupam , Ghoshal Sushmita 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundArterial thromboses following cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in head and neck cancers are extremely rare and devastating complication.Methods and ResultsA 54‐year‐old male smoker had an acute history of left lower limb pain and calf claudication 3 days following the first cycle of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy given concurrently with radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue. CT angiography showed extensive abdominal aortic thrombus along with involvement of left common iliac, saphenopopliteal, and tibeal arteries as well as moderate stenosis in the proximal segments of left anterior descending and right coronary artery. We suggest that endothelial damage and hypercoaguable state secondary to cisplatin may have induced severe arterial and coronary thrombosis.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of acute multiple arterial thrombosis following cisplatin in head and neck cancer. It is a dreaded complication and has a dismal prognosis if not promptly recognized and treated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Novel prognostic protein markers of resectable pancreatic cancer identified by coupled shotgun and targeted proteomics using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues
Authors: Takadate Tatsuyuki , Onogawa Tohru , Fukuda Tetsuya , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Suzuki Takashi , Fujii Kiyonaga , Kihara Makoto , Mikami Sayaka , Bando Yasuhiko , Maeda Shimpei , Ishida Kazuyuki , Minowa Takashi , Hanagata Nobutaka , Ohtsuka Hideo , Katayose Yu , Egawa Shinichi , Nishimura Toshihide , Unno Michiaki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies worldwide. We aimed to identify novel prognostic markers by applying mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic analysis to formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues. Resectable, node positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with poor (n = 4) and better (n = 4) outcomes, based on survival duration, with essentially the same clinicopathological backgrounds, and noncancerous pancreatic ducts (n = 5) were analyzed. Cancerous and noncancerous cells collected from FFPE tissue sections by laser microdissection (LMD) were processed for liquid chromatography (LC)‐tandem MS (MS/MS). Candidate proteins were identified by semiquantitative comparison and then analyzed quantitatively using selected reaction monitoring (SRM)‐based MS. To confirm the associations between candidate proteins and outcomes, we immunohistochemically analyzed a cohort of 87 cases. In result, totally 1,229 proteins were identified and 170 were selected as candidate proteins for SRM‐based targeted proteomics. Fourteen proteins overexpressed in cancerous as compared to noncancerous tissue showed different expressions in the poor and better outcome groups. Among these proteins, we found that three novel proteins ECH1, OLFM4 and STML2 were overexpressed in poor group than in better group, and that one known protein GTR1 was expressed reciprocally. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed high expressions of all four proteins to correlate with significantly worse overall survival (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we identified four proteins as candidates of prognostic marker of PDAC. The combination of shotgun proteomics verified by SRM and validated by immunohistochemistry resulted in the prognostic marker discovery that will contribute the understanding of PDAC biology and therapeutic development.
Diurnal behavioural patterns and spread of the Ponto‐Caspian invader Hemimysis anomala G. O. Sars, 1907 (Crustacea, Mysidacea) in the Elbe River, Czech Republic
Authors: Horká Petra , Horký Pavel , Slavík Ondřej , Opatřilová Libuše 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Ponto‐Caspian invader Hemimysis anomala was studied in the river Elbe, Czech Republic. The study confirmed further spread of the species: the presence of juveniles and gravid females indicated that H. anomala is established within the Elbe River. Bottom, mid‐water and surface drift samples were collected during 24‐h cycles from July to September 2007. A tendency to remain hidden was the main behavioural strategy of H. anomala in the riverine environment. The mysid was found mainly in the bottom and mid‐water layers, and observed density and mean length of drifting individuals increased with decreasing light levels, being highest at night. Similarly, density and mean length of drifting individuals increased with increasing turbidity. The effect of turbidity on density was particularly apparent during the night samples, suggesting further advantage to night‐drifting individuals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of MoS2 for Lithium Ion Batteries by Simple Chemical Lithiation
Authors: Li Dan , Zhang Chaofeng , Du Guodong , Zeng Rong , Wang Shiquan , Guo Zaiping , Chen Zhixin , Liu Huakun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCommercial MoS2 was lithiated by soaking in butyllithium in argon atmosphere. The lithiated samples (LixMoS2) exhibited greatly improved electrochemical performance. LixMoS2 showed a high reversible capacity of 669.5 mAh g‐1 and excellent cycling stability, with an average capacity loss of merely 0.065% per cycle. The rate capability of the LixMoS2 electrode was also improved compared to that of the unlithiated MoS2 electrode. The x‐ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results prove that there was an increase in the c lattice parameter for the lithiated material. The magnetic properties and evaluations of conductivity in MoS2 and LixMoS2 show that the electric conductivity of LixMoS2 is much higher than that of MoS2. TEM images after 11 cycles demonstrated that the LixMoS2 electrode consisted of more uniform small particles, while big particle blocks could be observed for the MoS2 electrode. All of these might be favourable for the electrochemical performance.
Improving genetic immobilization of a cellulase on yeast cell surface for bioethanol production using cellulose
Authors: Yang Jinying , Dang Hongyue , Lu Jian Ren 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was genetically engineered to harbor the capability of utilizing celluloses for bioethanol production by displaying active cellulolytic enzymes on the cell surface. An endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase gene egX was cloned from Bacillus pumilus C‐9 and its expression products, the EGX cellulases, were displayed on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae by fusing egX with aga2 that encodes the binding subunit of the S. cerevisiae cell wall protein α‐agglutinin. To achieve high gene copies and stability, multicopy integration was obtained by integrating the fusion aga2‐egX gene into the rDNA region of the S. cerevisiae chromosome. To achieve high expression and surface display efficiency, the aga2‐egX gene was expressed under the control of a strong promoter. The presence of the enzymatically active cellulase fusion proteins on the S. cerevisiae cell surface was verified by carboxymethyl cellulase activity assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. This work presented a promising strategy to genetically engineer yeasts to perform efficient fermentation of cellulosic materials for bioethanol production.
Development of conventional and nested PCR assays for the detection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Jin Guo‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Liang , Li Yi , Wang Wen‐Jing , Yang Rui‐Heng , Ren Shu‐Yu , Yao Yi‐Jian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOphiocordyceps sinensis, endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most important medicinal fungi with a huge economic value. In the present study, specific primer pairs were designed based on a comprehensive ITS sequence dataset of O. sinensis and its related fungi, and tested for specificity and sensitivity through PCR experiments using 27 individuals of O. sinensis from different geographical origins and 40 other related fungal species in terms of phylogeny or ecology. A primer pair highly specific to O. sinensis was obtained, yielding a 275 bp PCR product from all the individuals of O. sinensis but no product from the other fungi tested. The detection limit of the primers was demonstrated to be 10 ng of pure O. sinensis DNA for conventional PCR and 10 pg for nested PCR in a 25 µl reaction system. Soil samples collected from the habitat of O. sinensis were also tested using this PCR assay. The results showed that the primer pair and PCR‐based assays developed in this study can be applied to the rapid detection of O. sinensis in its natural habitat.