bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
72250 - Fifty years of Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism – a complete literature review
Authors: Shahraki Reza Alidousti , Meehan Adrian D , Wallin Göran , Daskalakis Kosmas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LHPT) was first reported in 1973. It remains unclear if this is a specific endocrinopathy or separate simultaneous medical conditions. Definitive management for lithium-treated patients with calcium dysfunction has yet to be established (1).

Method
We conducted this systematic review of all available studies in English which provide patient material from the adult population (&gt;18 years) illustrating lithium’s association in the development of hypercalcaemia and/or hyperparathyroidism. A predefined review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD 395676). The search used five major databases: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, between 1973 to January 2023, using the keywords hyperparathyroidism, lithium, hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia. Review articles and abstracts were excluded.

Result
Of the initial 5418 searches, 169 articles were included for final analysis. Prevalence of hypercalcaemia is reported in approximately 20-30% of lithium-treated patients. Lithium gives moderate increases in calcium levels, with or without elevations in parathyroid hormone. Paradoxically, lithium may be skeletal protective. Multiglandular disease is more common in LHPT than in pHPT, most often consisting of hyperplastic glands. In surgical cases, bilateral exploration is often preferred. Follow-up times are relatively short. No randomised surgical studies exist.

Discussion
LHPT appears to be a common endocrinopathy. Lithium patients with tendency to calcium dysfunction should be carefully monitored. More radical surgery may lead to health benefits. Randomized controlled trials should be conducted to identify optimal treatment in patients with LHPT.
Inequalities for women diagnosed with distal arch and descending thoracic aortic aneurysms: results from the Effective Treatments for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (ETTAA) cohort study
Authors: Pouncey Anna L , Patel Dhvni , Freeman Carol , Sastry Priya , Bicknell Colin , Large Stephen R , Sharples Linda D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Women with thoracic aortic aneurysms within the arch or descending thoracic aorta have poorer survival than men. Sex differences in relative thoracic aortic aneurysm size may account for some of the discrepancy. The aim of this study was to explore whether basing clinical management on aneurysm size index (maximum aneurysm diameter/body surface area) rather than aneurysm size can restore equality of survival by sex.

Methods
The Effective Treatments for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (ETTAA; ISRCTN04044627) study was a prospective, observational cohort study. Adults referred to National Health Service hospitals in England with new/existing arch or descending thoracic aorta aneurysms greater than or equal to 4 cm in diameter were followed from March 2014 to March 2022. Baseline characteristics and survival to intervention and overall were compared for men and women. Survival models were used to assess the association between all-cause survival and sex, with and without adjustment for aneurysm diameter or aneurysm size index.

Results
A total of 886 thoracic aortic aneurysm patients were recruited: 321 (36.2%) women and 565 (63.8%) men. The mean(s.d.) aneurysm diameter was the same for women and men (5.7(1.1) versus 5.7(1.2) cm respectively; P = 0.751), but the mean(s.d.) aneurysm size index was greater for women than for men (3.32(0.80) versus 2.83(0.63) respectively; P &lt; 0.001). Women had significantly worse survival without intervention: 110 (34.3%) women and 135 (23.9%) men (log rank test, P &lt; 0.001). All-cause mortality remained greater for women after adjustment for diameter (HR 1.65 (95% c.i. 1.35 to 2.02); P &lt; 0.001), but was attenuated after adjustment for aneurysm size index (HR 1.11 (95% c.i. 0.89 to 1.38); P = 0.359). Similar results were found for all follow-up, with or without intervention, and findings were consistent for descending thoracic aorta aneurysms alone.

Conclusion
Guidelines for referral to specialist services should consider including aneurysm size index rather than diameter to reduce inequity due to patient sex.
Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is related to imbalanced stopping–related cortical activity
Authors: Cockx Helena M , Oostenveld Robert , Flórez R Yuli A , Bloem Bastiaan R , Cameron Ian G M , van Wezel Richard J A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Freezing of gait, characterized by involuntary interruptions of walking, is a debilitating motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that restricts people's autonomy. Previous brain imaging studies investigating the mechanisms underlying freezing were restricted to scan people in supine positions and yielded conflicting theories regarding the role of the supplementary motor area and other cortical regions. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical haemodynamics related to freezing in freely moving people. We measured functional near-infrared spectroscopy activity over multiple motor-related cortical areas in 23 persons with Parkinson's disease who experienced daily freezing (‘freezers’) and 22 age-matched controls during freezing-provoking tasks including turning and doorway passing, voluntary stops and actual freezing. Crucially, we corrected the measured signals for confounds of walking. We first compared cortical activity between freezers and controls during freezing-provoking tasks without freezing (i.e. turning and doorway passing) and during stops. Secondly, within the freezers, we compared cortical activity between freezing, stopping and freezing-provoking tasks without freezing. First, we show that turning and doorway passing (without freezing) resemble cortical activity during stopping in both groups involving activation of the supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, areas known for their role in inhibiting actions. During these freezing-provoking tasks, the freezers displayed higher activity in the premotor areas than controls. Secondly, we show that, during actual freezing events, activity in the prefrontal cortex was lower than during voluntary stopping. The cortical relation between the freezing-provoking tasks (turning and doorway passing) and stopping may explain their susceptibility to trigger freezing by activating a stopping mechanism. Besides, the stopping-related activity of the supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex seems to be out of balance in freezers. In this paper, we postulate that freezing results from a paroxysmal imbalance between the supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, thereby extending upon the current role of the supplementary motor area in freezing pathophysiology.
Exploring yeast biodiversity and process conditions for optimizing ethylene glycol conversion into glycolic acid
Authors: Senatore Vittorio Giorgio , Milanesi Riccardo , Masotti Fiorella , Maestroni Letizia , Pagliari Stefania , Cannavacciuolo Ciro , Campone Luca , Serra Immacolata , Branduardi Paola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plastics have become an indispensable material in many fields of human activities, with production increasing every year; however, most of the plastic waste is still incinerated or landfilled, and only 10% of the new plastic is recycled even once. Among all plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most produced polyester worldwide; ethylene glycol (EG) is one of the two monomers released by the biorecycling of PET. While most research focuses on bacterial EG metabolism, this work reports the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nine other common laboratory yeast species not only to consume EG, but also to produce glycolic acid (GA) as the main by-product. A two-step bioconversion of EG to GA by S. cerevisiae was optimized by a design of experiment approach, obtaining 4.51 ± 0.12 g l−1 of GA with a conversion of 94.25 ± 1.74% from 6.21 ± 0.04 g l−1 EG. To improve the titer, screening of yeast biodiversity identified Scheffersomyces stipitis as the best GA producer, obtaining 23.79 ± 1.19 g l−1 of GA (yield 76.68%) in bioreactor fermentation, with a single-step bioprocess. Our findings contribute in laying the ground for EG upcycling strategies with yeasts.
Mobilising Transnational Labour Law in Search of Transformation in Europe
Authors: Meakin Jack 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a critical map of trade unions’ strategic engagements with transnational legal mechanisms in Europe. Despite high profile defeats and challenges faced by workers and trade unions before supranational courts, they have continued to mobilise complaint and supervisory mechanisms at the transnational level. This raises questions about the reasons why and how law is mobilised in the industrial relations context and over the transformative potential of transnational labour law. Legal argumentation has been mobilised to defend and redetermine legislative rights to protect vulnerable workers and provide the conditions for democracy at work. The experience of legal mobilisation detailed in this paper encourages a sceptical and pragmatic approach to social transformation via legal mobilisation. It will set out the legal opportunities that shape the effectiveness of transnational labour law mobilisation, as well as the structural limitations and competing normative interests that delimit the interpretive trajectory, recognition, and enjoyment of collective labour rights in contemporary Europe.
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of Cy-Tb for LTBI in India: a comprehensive economic modelling analysis
Authors: Muniyandi Malaisamy , Nagarajan Karikalan , Mathiyazhagan Kavi , Tyagi Kirti , Rajsekar Kavitha , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a significant challenge, as there is no gold standard diagnostic test. Current methods used for identifying LTBI are the interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), which is based on a blood test, and the tuberculin skin test (TST), which has low sensitivity. Both these tests are inadequate, primarily because they have limitations with the low bacterial burden characteristic of LTBI. This highlights the need for the development and adoption of more specific and accurate diagnostic tests to effectively identify LTBI. Herein we estimate the cost-effectiveness of the Cy-Tb test as compared with the TST for LTBI diagnosis.

Methods
An economic modelling study was conducted from a health system perspective using decision tree analysis, which is most widely used for cost-effectiveness analysis using transition probabilities. Our goal was to estimate the incremental cost and number of TB cases prevented from LTBI using the Cy-Tb diagnostic test along with TB preventive therapy (TPT). Secondary data such as demographic characteristics, treatment outcome, diagnostic test results and cost data for the TST and Cy-Tb tests were collected from the published literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated for the Cy-Tb test as compared with the TST. The uncertainty in the model was evaluated using one-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis.

Results
The study findings indicate that for diagnosing an additional LTBI case with the Cy-Tb test and to prevent a TB case by providing TPT prophylaxis, an additional cost of 18 658 Indian rupees (US${\$}$223.5) is required. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that using the Cy-Tb test for diagnosing LTBI was cost-effective as compared with TST testing. If the cost of the Cy-Tb test is reduced, it becomes a cost-saving strategy.

Conclusions
The Cy-Tb test for diagnosing LTBI is cost-effective at the current price, and price negotiations could further change it into a cost-saving strategy. This finding emphasizes the need for healthcare providers and policymakers to consider implementing the Cy-Tb test to maximize economic benefits. Bulk procurements can also be considered to further reduce costs and increase savings.
Strengthening Military Medical Provider Readiness: A Comprehensive Examination of VHA-MHS Partnerships
Authors: Brown Shaun 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Military medical readiness, particularly in surgical specialties, remains a significant concern within the Military Health System (MHS). While initiatives like the U.S. Army Military-Civilian Trauma Team (AMCT3) Program have addressed some readiness gaps, they primarily focus on trauma care, leaving other crucial medical specialties underserved. Leveraging partnerships between the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Defense Health Agency (DHA) emerges as a strategic approach to address these challenges comprehensively. Further collaboration between the VA and MHS is an opportunity to enhance military medical provider readiness, covering expanded medical specialties and health care personnel. By utilizing resource-sharing agreements (RSAs) and the Joint Incentive Fund (JIF), opportunities for increased collaboration and interoperability between the VA and MHS are explored. Challenges such as maintaining partnerships, addressing billing issues, and navigating local-level politics are identified, with proposed solutions, including establishing a centralized interagency office to monitor and manage specialty care partnerships. A comprehensive approach to enhancing military medical provider readiness through VA-MHS partnerships is crucial. By addressing readiness gaps and optimizing resource utilization, such collaboration would likely improve the overall readiness of the medical force, benefiting both military and veteran patient populations.
The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: V. Models at low metallicity
Authors: Keszthelyi Z , Puls J , Chiaki G , Nagakura H , ud-Doula A , Takiwaki T , Tominaga N 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
At metallicities lower than that of the Small Magellanic Cloud, it remains essentially unexplored how fossil magnetic fields, forming large-scale magnetospheres, could affect the evolution of massive stars, thereby impacting the fundamental building blocks of the early Universe. We extend our stellar evolution model grid with representative calculations of main-sequence, single-star models with initial masses of 20 and 60 M$_\odot$, including appropriate changes for low-metallicity environments ($Z = 10^{-3}$–$10^{-6}$). We scrutinize the magnetic, rotational, and chemical properties of the models. When lowering the metallicity, the rotational velocities can become higher and the tendency towards quasi-chemically homogeneous evolution increases. While magnetic fields aim to prevent the development of this evolutionary channel, the weakening stellar winds lead to less efficient magnetic braking in our models. Since the stellar radius is almost constant during a blueward evolution caused by efficient chemical mixing, the surface magnetic field strength remains unchanged in some models. We find core masses at the terminal-age main sequence between 22 and 52 M$_\odot$ for initially 60 M$_\odot$ models. This large difference is due to the vastly different chemical and rotational evolution. We conclude that in order to explain chemical species and, in particular, high nitrogen abundances in the early Universe, the adopted stellar models need to be under scrutiny. The assumptions regarding wind physics, chemical mixing, and magnetic fields will strongly impact the model predictions.
The star-forming and ionizing properties of dwarf z ~ 6–9 galaxies in JADES: insights on bursty star formation and ionized bubble growth
Authors: Endsley Ryan , Stark Daniel P , Whitler Lily , Topping Michael W , Johnson Benjamin D , Robertson Brant , Tacchella Sandro , Alberts Stacey , Baker William M , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Boyett Kristan , Bunker Andrew J , Cameron Alex J , Carniani Stefano , Charlot Stephane , Chen Zuyi , Chevallard Jacopo , Curtis-Lake Emma , Danhaive A Lola , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J , Hainline Kevin , Helton Jakob M , Ji Zhiyuan , Looser Tobias J , Maiolino Roberto , Nelson Erica , Puskás Dávid , Rieke George , Rieke Marcia , Rix Hans-Walter , Sandles Lester , Saxena Aayush , Simmonds Charlotte , Smit Renske , Sun Fengwu , Williams Christina C , Willmer Christopher N A , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Reionization is thought to be driven by faint star-forming galaxies, but characterizing this population has long remained very challenging. Here, we utilize deep nine-band JADES (JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey)/NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) imaging to study the star-forming and ionizing properties of 756 $z\sim 6-9$ galaxies, including hundreds of very ultraviolet (UV)-faint objects ($M_\mathrm{UV}\gt -18$). The faintest ($m\sim 30$) galaxies in our sample typically have stellar masses of $M_\ast \sim (1-3)\times 10^7\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ and young light-weighted ages ($\sim$50 Myr), though some show strong Balmer breaks implying much older ages ($\sim$500 Myr). We find no evidence for extremely massive galaxies ($\gt 3\times 10^{10}\ \mathrm{ M}_\odot$) in our sample. We infer a strong (factor $\gt $2) decline in the typical [O iii]$+$H $\beta$ equivalent widths (EWs) towards very faint $z\sim 6-9$ galaxies, yet a weak UV luminosity dependence on the H $\alpha$ EWs at $z\sim 6$. We demonstrate that these EW trends can be explained if fainter galaxies have systematically lower metallicities as well as more recently declining star formation histories relative to the most UV-luminous galaxies. Our data provide evidence that the brightest galaxies are frequently experiencing a recent strong upturn in star formation rate. We also discuss how the EW trends may be influenced by a strong correlation between $M_\mathrm{UV}$ and Lyman continuum escape fraction. This alternative explanation has dramatically different implications for the contribution of galaxies along the luminosity function to cosmic reionization. Finally, we quantify the photometric overdensities around two $z\,\gt\,7$ strong Ly $\alpha$ emitters. One Ly $\alpha$ emitter lies close to a strong photometric overdensity, while the other shows no significant nearby overdensity, perhaps implying that not all strong $z\,\gt\, 7$ Ly $\alpha$ emitters reside in large ionized bubbles.
Jupiter's Hotspots as observed by JIRAM-Juno: limb darkening in thermal infrared
Authors: Grassi D , Mura A , Adriani A , Sindoni G , Atreya S K , Fletcher L N , Orton G S , Plainaki C , Tosi F , Biagiotti F , Olivieri A , Castagnoli C , D'Aversa E , Migliorini A , Moirano A , Noschese R , Piccioni G , Sordini R , Bolton S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Jupiter InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) instrument onboard the Juno spacecraft performed repeated observations of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt (NEB) around the time of 12th Juno pericenter passage on 2018 April 1. The data consist of thermal infrared images and show, among other atmospheric features, two bright Hotspots on the boundary between the NEB and the Equatorial Zone. Night-time images of the same areas at different emission angles were used to constrain the trend of the limb-darkening function. Comparison with simulated observations, computed for different emission angles, total opacities, single scattering albedo ω0, and asymmetry parameter g suggests that ω0 ∼ 0.90 ± 0.05 and g ∼ 0.37 ± 0.15 provide best match with data. Subsequently, we computed the ω0 and g resulting from different size distributions, taking into account the complex refractive indices of ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) by Howett et al. [2007] and Ferraro et al. [1980]. Only the former data set is marginally consistent with JIRAM observations. Similarly, ammonia and hydrazine barely reproduce the experimental data. Tholin, although not usually considered a realistic component for Jupiter's aerosols, provides a better match for particle radii between 0.7 and 1 μm, both as a pure material as well as a thick coating over NH4SH cores. Notably, this radius range is consistent with the mean radius of aerosols as estimated by Ragent et al. [1998] on the basis of Galileo entry probe data. Comparison with literature suggests that similar results can be achieved by a large variety of contaminants bearing C–N bounds.
Pro-environmental behavior: the relationship with information literacy self-efficacy, climate knowledge and climate anxiety among students in Ghana
Authors: Akakpo Martin Gameli , Bokpin Hayford Alufar , Hagan Sylvia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As environmental concerns escalate globally, understanding pro-environmental behavior is important. Using a cross-sectional survey of 265 university students from Accra, Ghana, the study hypothesized that pro-environmental behavior is related to climate change knowledge, information literacy self-efficacy and climate change anxiety. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression were used to test the hypothesis. Findings suggest that climate change knowledge was positively related to information literacy self-efficacy and climate change anxiety. Climate change knowledge and information literacy self-efficacy also positively predicted pro-environmental behavior. Findings imply that students should be trained to improve their climate change knowledge and acquire information literacy skills. Training these skills can contribute to the development of responsible environmental behavior in society.
French Imperial Statecraft, Capital, Corporate Taxation, and the Tax Haven that Wasn’t, 1920s–1950s
Authors: Woker Madeline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Towards the mid-1920s, a growing number of colonial firms began to transfer their headquarters from the metropole to French colonies to evade taxation on investment capital income. These transfers threatened to transform French colonies into tax havens. Why was this averted? This article explores the politics of corporate tax planning in the French colonial empire and shows that French colonial tax havens could have materialized on a large scale at two critical junctures: first in the inter-war period and then in the aftermath of the Second World War. It argues that they eventually did not come into being because successive administrations within the French Ministry of Finance did not let it happen. Broader structural determinants — the relative weakness of the French metropolitan fiscal state in the inter-war period and the unwillingness to let international capital dictate French development strategies in the late colonial period — crucially influenced the positions taken by the Ministry of Finance. Post-war dreams of restored grandeur made French authorities much more reluctant to outsource development and let go of state prerogatives. This unrealized possibility sheds light on the role of state power in the making and unmaking of tax havens and contributes to a fast-expanding historiography.