bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Aspects of Ternary Phase Ni/MoWS2 Catalyst: An Aberration Corrected HRTEM Study
Authors: Ramos M. , Torres B. , Bahena Daniel , José-Yacamán M. , Alvarez-Contreras Lorena , Chianelli R.R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn the past 20 years, one of the best catalytic materials for hydrodesulphurization reactions of crude oil has been the transition sulfides, MoS2, known also as the “workhorse” of the refinery industry. It has been proven by this and other research groups that the MoS2 laminar structure can increase its catalytic activity when promoted with cobalt or nickel. The location of active sites seem to be at rim and edge sites on that particular laminar structure, as demonstrated using Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray techniques. However, due to maximum capability of this promoted systems, Co(Ni)/MoS2 to remove heterogeneous atoms (S, N, O) - a search for new catalytic materials has currently been an ongoing activity in the HDS community. Here, we will present the new family of ternary phase catalyst with special emphasis on their structural aspects, as revealed by aberration corrected (Cs) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques, in an attempt to describe the nature of active sites on this porous nano-rod like catalytic materials.
Diffusion problems on fractional nonlocal media
Authors: Sapora Alberto , Cornetti Pietro , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlocal diffusion in one-dimensional continua is investigated by means of a fractional calculus approach. The problem is set on finite spatial domains and it is faced numerically by means of fractional finite differences, both for what concerns the transient and the steady-state regimes. Nonlinear deviations from classical solutions are observed. Furthermore, it is shown that fractional operators possess a clear physical-mechanical meaning, representing conductors, whose conductance decays as a power-law of the distance, connecting non-adjacent points of the body.
Study of optical parameters of two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystals exhibiting high birefringence
Authors: Devi T. , Choudhury B. , Bhattacharjee A. , Dabrowski R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOptical studies have been carried out on two fluorinated isothiocyanato nematic liquid crystal (LC) compounds 4′-butylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanatobiphenyl and 4′-pentylcyclohexyl-3, 5-difluoro-4-isothiocynatobiphenyl. Transition temperatures of the two samples were confirmed using a polarizing microscope. The two LC compounds were found to exhibit fairly high clearing temperatures. Measurements of refractive indices of the two compounds were done by using thin prism method with He-Ne laser beam of wavelength 630 nm. Birefringence of the two LC compounds was calculated from the measured refractive indices. Both the compounds are found to display fairly high values of birefringence. Validation of a modified four-parameter model, based on Vuks equation describing the temperature dependence of refractive indices of the two liquid crystals, is also presented in this paper. The model is validated by fitting the experimentally measured values of refractive indices, birefringence and average refractive indices of the two nematic LCs with the theoretical values. In this paper, the calculation of order parameters of the LCs is presented by using two methods: direct extrapolation method based solely on the birefringence data and by using modified Vuks method based on Haller’s extrapolation. As observed from the obtained results, this procedure of calculating order parameter gives very reasonable results.
Size-dependence of the effective electron-phonon energy relaxation in hollow gold nanospheres
Authors: Fan Y. , Li J. , Chen H. , Lu X. , Liu X. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper the size-dependence of energy relaxation, which is induced by the electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions and the electron-surface (e-s) interactions in noble metal nanoparticles, is investigated. Then based on the analysis and the derivation of the e-s coupling constant in metal nanospheres, the formula of the effective electron-phonon coupling constant Geff of hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) is deduced. Moreover, the correctness of the formulae gets proved by contrast analyses of the calculated Geff values and experimental values obtained from literature.
Skeleto-Dental Changes After Camouflage Treatment in Class II division 1 Adult Patients with Average Mandibular Plane Angle
Authors: Kafle Dashrath , Ulrich Saruba 
Published: December 2013

Objective: To assess the skeleto-dental changes in adult Class II Division 1 patients with average mandibular plane angle after camouflage orthodontic treatment by premolars extraction.
Materials and Method: Total 30 adult female patients, aged between 20-40 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion with average mandibular plane angle (Mp-SN: 30-38) were selected for the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalographs were traced and different measurements are derived from skeletal and dental landmarks. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test using SPSS software version 16.00.
Results: SNA, SNB and ANB angles were reduced significantly. The maxillary length was also decreased significantly. However mandibular dimension was not changed significantly after camouflage treatment. The upper and lower incisors were significantly intruded whereas upper molar was slightly intruded and lower molar was significantly extruded. Antero-posteriorly, incisors were retracted significantly. Upper molars had negligible mesial movement however lower molars had moved mesially with statistical significance.
Conclusion: During camouflage treatment care should be taken on incisor retraction. The vertical control of the molar teeth is important during the treatment period to avoid worsening of the facial proportion.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need in Referred Nepalese Population
Authors: Shrestha Sujita , Shrestha Rabindra Man 
Published: December 2013

Objective: The study aims to assess the need for orthodontic treatment in a group of referred Nepalese population of Kathmandu valley.
Materials & Method: Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was evaluated on a group of 412 Nepalese orthodontic patients including 142 male and 270 female subjects aged 11-30 years with the mean age 17.12 years by a single examiner.
Result: Dental Health Component showed 16 % no/little treatment need, 19.9 % showed borderline need, and 64.1 % showed great/severe treatment need. Aesthetic Component showed 26.5 % no/little treatment need, 32 % showed borderline need, and 41.5 % showed great/severe treatment need.
Conclusion: Increasing trend of treatment need for more severe forms of orthodontic problems seen in Nepalese orthodontic patients according to DHC and AC scores in age groups 11-25 years and for both male and female gender groups.
Attachment of Maxillary Labial Frenum in Nepalese Children
Authors: Upadhyay Sumita , Ghimire Neeta 
Published: December 2013

Objective: To determine the various types of maxillary labial frenum attachment in Nepalese children.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a total of 198 children of age ranging from 1 to 14 years who visited Dental Department of Dhulikhel hospital for routine dental treatment. Types of maxillary labial frenum attachment was recorded along with age and gender. Children were divided into two groups; age 1-7 and 8-14 years. Descriptive analysis was carried out to determine the frequency of frenum types. The relation of frenum with gender and frenum types between two groups were calculated using chi square test.
Results: The most common type was gingival attachment {61.1%) and the least common was papillary penetrating type of frenum attachment {8.1%). There was no significant difference in the frenum attachment between the two genders. Mucosal and gingival attachment was significantly higher in older age group whereas papillary and papillary penetrating was higher in younger age group.
Conclusion: Attachment of frenum in children changes according to age.
Le pari risqué des nationalistes écossais : l'indépendance ou rien ?
Authors: Dixon Keith 
Published: December 2013

Le nationalisme écossais a profité de l’impopularité de Margaret Thatcher puis, plus récemment, de Tony Blair pour se développer. En 2007, le Scottish National Party (SNP) remporte pour la première fois les élections au parlement écossais puis, quatre ans plus tard, il obtient la majorité absolue. Si le « oui » a peu de chances de l’emporter au référendum sur l’indépendance de septembre 2014, les nationalistes pensent tout de même pouvoir en profiter pour obtenir un transfert accru de pouvoirs.
Early predictors of future reading skills: A follow-up of French-speaking children from the beginning of kindergarten to the end of the second grade (age 5 to 8)
Authors: Piquard-Kipffer Agnès , Sprenger-Charolles Liliane 
Published: December 2013

Résumé	Dans cet article sont présentés les résultats de deux études sur les prédicteurs précoces du futur niveau de lecture. L’objectif principal de la première étude était d’examiner si le niveau de lecture à 8 ans peut être prédit par une compétence précoce très rarement examinée: la discrimination phonémique. Deux groupes d’enfants ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leurs compétences en discrimination phonémique à 5 ans : un groupe avec des faibles compétences et un groupe avec des compétences moyennes à élevées dans ce domaine. Ces deux groupes, respectivement classés comme étant «à risque» et «non à risque» pour l’apprentissage de la lecture, ont été appariés sur l’âge chronologique, le QI non-verbal et le vocabulaire. La discrimination phonémique se révèle être un prédicteur important de l’acquisition de lecture. En effet, les deux groupes définis à 5 ans en fonction de leur niveau dans ce domaine obtiennent des résultats significativement différents en lecture à 8 ans et la proportion d’enfants ayant des difficultés de lecture est plus forte dans le groupe à risque que dans l’autre groupe. L’objectif principal de la seconde étude était d’évaluer si, dans cette population, les compétences en lecture à 8 ans peuvent être prédites par les prédicteurs « classiques » de l’apprentissage de la lecture évalués à 5 ans: niveau de pré-lecture, connaissance des lettres, capacités de segmentation phonémique et de mémoire à court terme phonologique (MCT). Une forte proportion de la variance en lecture à 8 ans (52,8%) est prédite par ces compétences, quatre d’entre elles expliquant une part unique et significative de cette variance: niveau de pré-lecture, connaissance des lettres pour les voyelles (pas pour les consonnes), capacités de segmentation phonémique (mais pas celles de segmentation syllabique) et de MCT phonologique.
L’expertise en conduite automobile peut-elle moduler le phénomène d’extension des limites ?
Authors: Ménétrier André , Didierjean André 
Published: December 2013

Résumé	L’extension des limites est une distorsion de la mémoire visuo-spatiale se manifestant par une tendance à extrapoler la structure spatiale environnante d’une scène préalablement perçue. Nous nous proposons ici de déterminer si ce phénomène, décrit dans la littérature comme résultant des connaissances génériques dont dispose l’observateur vis-à-vis de la scène perçue, est sensible aux connaissances expertes. Des conducteurs automobiles présentant différents niveaux d’expertise (novices, débutants, intermédiaires et experts) ont passé une tâche d’extension contrastant des photographies représentant des scènes routières et des scènes neutres. Les résultats indiquent que le phénomène est modulable par l’expertise : les taux d’extension diminuent avec l’augmentation du niveau d’expertise, allant jusqu’à un effet de restriction des limites chez les experts. Nos résultats montrent également que les scènes neutres n’ont pas produit systématiquement d’extension, les novices et débutants ne présentant pas de distorsion mnésique significative pour ces stimuli. Nous discutons plusieurs hypothèses susceptibles d’expliquer ces résultats.
Quand le statut du groupe modère les types de discrimination et leurs effets
Authors: Bourguignon David , van Cleempoel Maximilien , Collange Julie , Herman Ginette 
Published: December 2013

Résumé	D’une part, les individus minimisent la discrimination personnelle par rapport à la discrimination groupale. D’autre part, alors que la discrimination personnelle est négativement liée à l’estime de soi, la discrimination groupale lui est positivement associée. Jusqu’à présent, ces patterns de résultats ont uniquement été observés auprès de groupes de bas statut. Cette étude vise à examiner l’écart existant entre les deux types de discrimination mais également leurs effets sur l’estime de soi des individus suivant le statut social de leur groupe. Pour les membres de groupes de bas statut, les données montrent un phénomène de déni de la discrimination personnelle par rapport à la discrimination groupale et des effets distincts des deux types de discrimination perçue sur l’estime de soi personnelle. En revanche, les membres de groupes de haut statut perçoivent autant de discrimination personnelle que groupale et leur estime de soi personnelle n’est associée à aucun des deux types de discrimination perçue. Ces différents résultats sont interprétés à la lumière de la littérature sur la comparaison sociale.
Patterns of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Children with Common Neurological Conditions
Authors: Treat Lauren , Liesinger Juliette , Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y. , Humeniuk Katherine , Prasad Kavita , Tilburt Jon C. 
Published: December 2013

Background: Recent literature suggests that one in nine children in the United States uses some type of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Children with challenging neurological conditions such as headache, migraine, and seizures may seek CAM in their attempts at self-care. Our objective was to describe CAM use in children with these conditions. Methods: We compared use of CAM among children aged 3 to 17 years with and without common neurological conditions (headaches, migraines, seizures) where CAM might plausibly play a role in their self-management using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. Results : Children with common neurological conditions reported significantly more CAM use compared to the children without these conditions (24.0% vs 12.6%, P< .0001). Compared to other pediatric CAM users, children with neurological conditions report similarly high use of biological therapies and significantly higher use of mind-body techniques (38.6% vs 20.5%, P<.007). Of the mind-body techniques, deep breathing (32.5%), meditation (15.1%), and progressive relaxation (10.1%) were used most frequently. Conclusions: About one in four children with common neurological conditions use CAM. The nature of CAM use in this population, as well as its risks and benefits in neurological disease, deserve further investigation.
Test anxiety and academic performance in chiropractic students*
Authors: Zhang Niu , Henderson Charles N. R. 
Published: December 2013

Objective
We assessed the level of students' test anxiety, and the relationship between test anxiety and academic performance.

Methods
We recruited 166 third-quarter students. The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was administered to all participants. Total scores from written examinations and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) were used as response variables.

Results
Multiple regression analysis shows that there was a modest, but statistically significant negative correlation between TAI scores and written exam scores, but not OSCE scores. Worry and emotionality were the best predictive models for written exam scores. Mean total anxiety and emotionality scores for females were significantly higher than those for males, but not worry scores.

Conclusion
Moderate-to-high test anxiety was observed in 85% of the chiropractic students examined. However, total test anxiety, as measured by the TAI score, was a very weak predictive model for written exam performance. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that replacing total anxiety (TAI) with worry and emotionality (TAI subscales) produces a much more effective predictive model of written exam performance. Sex, age, highest current academic degree, and ethnicity contributed little additional predictive power in either regression model. Moreover, TAI scores were not found to be statistically significant predictors of physical exam skill performance, as measured by OSCEs.
The learning style preferences of chiropractic students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Whillier Stephney , Lystad Reidar P. , Abi-Arrage David , McPhie Christopher , Johnston Samara , Williams Christopher , Rice Mark 
Published: December 2013

Objective
The aims of our study were to measure the learning style preferences of chiropractic students and to assess whether they differ across the 5 years of chiropractic study.

Methods
A total of 407 (41.4% females) full-degree, undergraduate, and postgraduate students enrolled in an Australian chiropractic program agreed to participate in a cross-sectional survey comprised of basic demographic information and the Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, which identifies learning preferences on four different subscales: visual, aural, reading/writing, and kinesthetic. Multivariate analysis of variance and the χ2 test were used to check for differences in continuous (VARK scores) and categorical (VARK category preference) outcome variables.

Results
The majority of chiropractic students (56.0%) were found to be multimodal learners. Compared to the other learning styles preferences, kinesthetic learning was preferred by a significantly greater proportion of students (65.4%, p &lt; .001) and received a significantly greater mean VARK score (5.66 ± 2.47, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time chiropractic students have been shown to be largely multimodal learners with a preference for kinesthetic learning. While this knowledge may be beneficial in the structuring of future curricula, more thorough research must be conducted to show any beneficial relationship between learning style preferences and teaching methods.
Reactive compatibilization of PLA/TPU blends with a diisocyanate
Authors: Dogan Sebnem Kemaloglu , Reyes Efren Andablo , Rastogi Sanjay , Ozkoc Guralp 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on the compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends by using 1,4 phenylene diisocyanate (PDI) for the first time, as the compatibilizer. Because of the potential interactions of diisocyanates with OH/COOH, they are useful for reactive processing of PLA/TPU blends in the melt processing. To have insight on the reactively compatibilized structure of PLA/TPU blends, phase morphologies are observed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological responses of the blends are investigated. The observations are that the brittle behavior of PLA changes to ductile with the addition of TPUs. The addition of PDI improves the tensile properties of the blends. The compatibilization action of PDI is monitored with DMA and rheological experiments. Cross‐over in the G′ and G″ curves of compatibilized blends indicates the relaxation of branches formed in the presence of PDI. The dispersed phase size of TPU decreases in PLA in the presence of PDI due to the improved compatibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40251.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Risk of Subsequent Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ma Kimberly K. , Nelson J. Lee , Guthrie Katherine A. , Dugowson Carin E. , Gammill Hilary S. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivePregnancy and reproductive outcomes have been associated with altered risk of some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether prior pregnancy resulting in a low birth weight (LBW) infant or preterm birth is associated with a risk of subsequent RA in the mother.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of RA risk in parous women from a population‐based prospective study of newly diagnosed cases of RA and age‐matched healthy controls. The primary outcome measure was disease status (RA versus control), with exposures of prior preterm birth and prior delivery of an infant with LBW (≤2,500 gm), very low birth weight (VLBW; ≤1,500 gm), or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 gm). A preplanned analysis including only rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive RA cases was also conducted.ResultsA total of 202 RA cases and 1,102 controls were analyzed. Prior delivery of an infant with ELBW was associated with RA in the mother (relative risk [RR] 3.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0–13.2]). Prior VLBW (RR 4.0 [95% CI 1.3–11.4]) and ELBW (RR 5.5 [95% CI 1.4–22.5]) infants were associated with RF‐positive RA. Prior LBW deliveries and preterm births were more common among RA cases than controls, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionCompared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies, women with a prior VLBW or ELBW delivery had a higher risk of RA, particularly RF‐positive RA. This association may reflect common risk factors for pregnancy complications and RA. Alternatively, complicated pregnancy itself may confer risk of subsequent RA.
Utility of fine‐needle aspiration and core biopsy with touch preparation in the diagnosis of renal lesions
Authors: Scanga Lori R. , Maygarden Susan J. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDCytologic evaluation by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and core biopsy (CB) with touch preparation (TP) is used in the diagnosis of renal lesions.METHODSConsecutive image‐guided FNA and CB, with or without TP, of renal lesions were reviewed. The cytology diagnoses were correlated with the radiology, surgical specimens, and clinical course.RESULTSA total of 154 procedures (76 FNA, 17 FNA+CB, 46 CB+TP, 15 FNA+CB+TP) were performed for lesions with benign (21), malignant (123), or indeterminate (10) radiology. Specimen adequacy was satisfactory in 86% of FNAs (93 of 108), 95% of TPs (58 of 61), and 94% of CBs (73 of 78), and is statistically significant for CB with or without TP versus FNA (P = .045). In the subset with concerning radiology (n = 133), specimen adequacy was satisfactory in 83% of FNAs (72 of 87), 95% of TPs (58 of 61), and 94% of CBs (73 of 78) (P = .006 for CB ± TP versus FNA), and procedures were diagnostic in 79% of FNAs (69 of 87), 90% of 61 TPs (55 of 61) and 90% of CBs (70 of 78) (P = .02 for CB ± TP versus FNA). Renal cell carcinoma subtype was reported in 63% of FNA (19 of 30) versus 88% of CB ± TP (43 of 49) (P = .01), and Fuhrman nuclear grade was reported only on CB. The cytology diagnoses correlated with surgical specimens in 94% (33 of 35). The most common treatment was ablation of small (3.0 ± 1.3 cm) masses (n = 47).CONCLUSIONSCompared with FNA, CB and TP have higher adequacy and diagnostic yield and provide more diagnostic information. Cytology diagnoses are highly accurate when correlated to surgical specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:182–190. © 2013 American Cancer Society.