bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative treatment of early endometrial cancer
Authors: Bovicelli Alessandro , D'Andrilli Giuseppina , Giordano Antonio , De Iaco Pierandrea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract in Europe and in the United States. Endometrial cancer has increased 21% in incidence since 2008, and the death rate has increased more than 100% over the past two decades. Approximately 15% of patients with endometrial cancer are pre‐menopausal. The aim of this review is to discuss the conservative management of endometrial cancer. A number of studies largely support the conservative treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) in women desiring future fertility. We focus on the role of progestin hormonal therapy, including the risks associated with non‐standard care, appropriate candidate selection, expected outcomes, various progestin agents and recommended follow‐up. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1154–1158, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppressing the growth of rectal cancer xenografts derived from patient tumors by an adenovector expressing small hairpin RNA targeting Bcl‐XL
Authors: Zhu Hongbo , Zhou Wei , Hu Jingzi , Huang Zhongting , Lao Weifeng , Huang Xuefeng , He Chao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundBcl‐XL, a mitochondria membrane protein, is overexpressed in colorectal cancers and promotes cell survival. We have previously shown that the adenovector expressing small hairpin (sh)RNA targeting Bcl‐XL could induce significantly apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to further detect the anti‐cancer effect of adenovector expressing the shRNA targeting Bcl‐XL (Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA) on rectal cancer xenografts that were derived from patient tumors.MethodsWe first established three rectal cancer xenografts. These xenografts were subsequently treated with Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA alone or in combination with 5‐fluouracil (5‐Fu). Finally, the inhibition of tumor growth, survival time and induction of apoptosis were analyzed.ResultsThe results obtained demonstrated that Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA could effectively suppress the tumor growth of all three rectal cancer xenografts and prolong their survival time. After being combined with 5‐Fu, the suppressing effect of Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA was enhanced further. In addition, the data also showed that Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA combined with 5‐Fu could significantly increase the apoptotic ratio in the rectal cancer xenograft.ConclusionsThese data indicate that Ad/Bcl‐XL shRNA with or without 5‐Fu has effective anti‐tumor effects on the patient tumor‐derived rectal cancer xenografts, suggesting that it could be a potential strategy for rectal cancer therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of T2 decay on carotid artery wall thickness measurements
Authors: Qiao Ye , Steinman David A. , Etesami Maryam , Martinez‐Marquese Alex , Lakatta Edward G. , Wasserman Bruce A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the impact of T2 relaxation of the carotid wall on measurements of its thickness.Materials and Methods:The common carotid artery wall was imaged using a spin echo sequence acquired at four echo times (17 ms to 68 ms) in 65 participants as part of VALIDATE study. Images were acquired transverse to the artery 1.5 cm proximal to the flow divider. Mean wall thickness, mean wall signal intensity, lumen area, and outer wall area were measured for each echo. Contours were also traced on the image from the fourth echo and then propagated to the images from the preceding echoes. This was repeated using the image from the first echo. Mean wall signal intensity measurements at the four echo times were fit to a mono‐exponential decay curve to derive the mean T2 relaxation time for each set of contours.Results:Mean wall thickness decreased with increasing echo time, with an average thickness reduction of 8.6% between images acquired at the first and last echo times (TE) (0.93 mm at TE 17 ms versus 0.85 mm at TE 68 ms, P < 0.001). Average T2 relaxation time of the carotid wall decreased by 3% when the smaller contours from the last echo were used, which excluded the outer‐most layer (54.3 ± 7.6 ms versus 52.7 ± 6.6 ms, P = 0.03).Conclusion:Carotid wall thickness measurements decrease with echo time as expected by the fast T2 relaxation time of the outer‐most layer, namely the adventitia. A short echo time is needed for thickness measurements to include adventitia, which plays an important role in plaque development. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1493–1498. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulmonary vein morphology by free‐breathing whole heart magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla versus breathhold multi‐detector computed tomography
Authors: Fodi Eszter , McAreavey Dorothea , Abd‐Elmoniem Khaled Z. , Ohayon Jacques , Saba Magdi , Elagha Abdalla , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Gharib Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy using three‐dimensional free‐breathing whole‐heart magnetic resonance imaging (MR) at 3 Tesla (T) and multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT).Materials and Methods:Thirty‐three subjects (19 male, age 49 ± 12 years) underwent free‐breathing 3T MR and contrast‐enhanced MDCT during inspiratory breath hold. Pulmonary vein parameters (ostial areas, diameters, angles) were measured.Results:All pulmonary veins and anomalies were identified by 3T MR and by MDCT. The right‐sided pulmonary veins were directed more posteriorly, the right superior pulmonary vein more inferiorly, and the right inferior pulmonary vein more superiorly by 3T MR when compared with MDCT. The cross‐sectional area, perimeters and minimum diameters of right‐sided pulmonary vein ostia were significantly larger by MR, as were the maximum diameters of right and left inferior pulmonary veins. There were no significant differences between techniques in distance to first pulmonary vein branch.Conclusion:Pulmonary vein measurements demonstrated significant differences in angulations and dimensions when 3T MR is compared with MDCT. These differences likely represent hemodynamic and respiratory variation during free‐breathing with MR versus breath‐holding with MDCT. MR imaging at 3T during free‐breathing offers an alternate method to define pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy without exposure to radiation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:846–852. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic model‐based analysis of skeletal muscle BOLD‐MRI in reactive hyperemia
Authors: Schewzow Kiril , Andreas Martin , Moser Ewald , Wolzt Michael , Schmid Albrecht I. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo propose a quantitative model for a reliable and operator independent estimation of parameters describing blood oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) MRI time course in calf muscles during reactive hyperemia.Materials and MethodsEcho planar imaging‐based BOLD‐MRI of the human calf were acquired during and after cuff‐induced ischemia of the leg. Regions of interest were drawn in soleus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. A gamma‐variate plus a sigmoidal function were fitted to the reactive hyperemia time courses and parameters including time to peak (TTP), hyperemic peak value (HPV), peak area, and peak width were calculated. In addition, the TTP and HPV parameters were estimated manually by two operators to validate the reliability of the fitting procedure.ResultsThe model function was fitted successfully to all data with a minimum reduced R2 around 0.9. The in vivo results were in agreement with manually determined values (r ≥ 0.69), although significant inter‐operator differences were observed.ConclusionThe proposed method allows for rapid, operator independent and robust quantification of muscle BOLD signal during reactive hyperemia. The model worked equally well over a wide range of imaging parameters and data quality. This approach should contribute significantly to the standardization of skeletal muscle BOLD‐MRI, an important step toward its clinical application. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:963–969. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of hepatic fat fraction measurement by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mashhood Arian , Railkar Radha , Yokoo Takeshi , Levin Yakir , Clark Lisa , Fox‐Bosetti Sabrina , Middleton Michael S. , Riek Jonathan , Kauh Eunkyung , Dardzinski Bernard J. , Williams Donald , Sirlin Claude , Shire Norah J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐determined hepatic fat fraction (%) across imaging sites with different magnet types and field strength. Reproducibility among MRI platforms is unclear, even though evaluating hepatic fat fractions (FFs) using MRI‐based methods is accurate against MR spectroscopy.Materials and Methods:Overweight subjects were recruited to undergo eight MRI examinations at five imaging centers with a range of magnet manufacturers and field strengths (1.5 and 3 T). FFs were estimated in liver and in fat‐emulsion phantoms using three methods: 1) dual‐echo images without correction (nominally out‐of‐phase [OP] and in‐phase [IP]); 2) dual‐dual‐echo images (two sequences) with T2* correction (nominally OP/IP and IP/IP); and 3) six‐echo images with spectral model and T2* correction, at sequential alternating OP and IP echo times (Methods 1, 2, and 3, respectively).Results:Ten subjects were recruited. For Methods 1, 2, and 3, respectively, hepatic FF ranged from −2.5 to 27.0, 1.9 to 29.6, and 1.3 to 34.4%. Intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.85, 0.89, and 0.91 for each method, and within‐subject coefficients of variation were 18.5, 9.9, and 10.3%, respectively. Mean phantom FFs derived by Methods 2 and 3 were comparable to the known FF for each phantom. Method 1 underestimated phantom FF.Conclusion:Methods 2 and 3 accurately assess FF. Strong reproducibility across magnet type and strength render them suitable for use in multicenter trials and longitudinal assessments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1359–1370. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging of focal hepatic lesions
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Motosugi Utaroh , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Sano Katsuhiro , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare diffusivity values between malignant and benign focal hepatic lesions using the intravoxel incoherent motion model.Materials and Methods:This study included 84 focal hepatic lesions in 84 patients. Final diagnoses were as follows: hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 45), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 6), metastatic liver tumor (n = 3), cyst (n = 20), hemangioma (n = 5), inflammatory pseudotumor (n = 2), abscess (n = 2), and focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 1). Diffusion‐weighted images at 12 b‐values were used to obtain the diffusion coefficient of pure molecular diffusion (D), diffusion coefficient of microcirculation or perfusion‐related diffusion (D*), and perfusion‐related diffusion fraction (f). Parameters of malignant and benign focal hepatic lesions were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The diagnostic performance for distinguishing between malignant and benign hepatic lesions was also analyzed.Results:Both the D value (1.15 ± 0.21 × 10−3 mm2/s [mean ± standard deviation]) and D* value (62.7 ±12.7 × 10−3 mm2/s) in malignant lesions was significantly lower than that in benign lesions (D value [2.46 ± 0.45× 10−3 mm2/s], P < 0.0001; D* value [87.6 ± 35.3 × 10−3 mm2/s], P = 0.0008). The f value did not differ significantly between malignant (25.0 15.1 ± 15.1%) and benign lesions (30.1 ± 16.3%).Conclusion:D* and D values were suppressed in malignant lesions. However, the D value was more reliable for distinguishing between malignant and benign focal hepatic lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1371–1376. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced fat suppression technique for breast imaging
Authors: Miyazaki Mitsue , Wheaton Andrew , Kitane Shinichi 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo evaluate a new fat suppression technique using multiple fat suppression pulses intended for breast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging using segmented three‐dimensional fast field echo (FFE).Materials and MethodsThe effect of multiple spectrally‐selective fat suppression radiofrequency pulses was modeled using numerical Bloch‐equation solutions for the following fat suppression techniques: spectral‐selective inversion recovery (SPIR: one pulse), double fat suppression (DFS: two pulses, combining one SPIR pulse and one CHESS pulse), and triple fat suppression (TFS: three pulses, combining one SPIR pulse and two CHESS pulses). The simulation data were evaluated in terms of fat suppression performance, scan time, and specific absorption rate (SAR) relative to the SPIR technique. The DFS technique was selected as the optimal technique based on the efficacy of fat suppression versus the costs of scan time and SAR. The DFS technique was compared with SPIR in six volunteer studies using segmented T1‐weighted three‐dimensional FFE.ResultsThe DFS technique produced sufficient fat suppression using only two segments (two fat suppression shots). Breast DCE precontrast images using DFS presented uniform fat suppression compared with SPIR in both axial and sagittal scans in all six volunteers.ConclusionDFS is a promising fat suppression technique for breast imaging even in regions with B1+ inhomogeneity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:981–986. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐risk nodules detected in the hepatobiliary phase of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced mr imaging in cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis: Incidence and predictive factors for hypervascular transformation, preliminary results
Authors: Higaki Atsushi , Ito Katsuyoshi , Tamada Tsutomu , Teruki Sone , Yamamoto Akira , Higashi Hiroki , Kanki Akihiko , Sato Tomohiro , Noda Yasufumi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of hypervascular transformation during follow‐up of “high‐risk nodules” detected in the hepatobiliary phase of initial Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI in chronic liver disease patients.Materials and Methods:A total of 109 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI several times were investigated. Of these, 43 patients had 76 high‐risk nodules with both hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase and hypovascularity in the arterial phase of initial MRI. These nodules were observed until hypervascularity was detected. MRI and clinical findings were compared to assess the incidence and potential predictive factors for hypervascular transformation between the group showing hypervascular transformation and the group not showing hypervascularization.Results:The median observation period was 242.5 ± 203.2 days (range, 47–802 days). Overall, 24 of 76 high‐risk nodules (31.6%) showed hypervascular transformation during follow‐up (median observation period, 186.0 ± 190.3 days). The growth rate of the nodules (P < 0.001), the presence of fat within nodules (P = 0.037), and hyperintensity on T1‐weighted images (P = 0.018) were significantly correlated with hypervascularization.Conclusion:Subsets of high‐risk nodules tended to show hypervascular transformation during follow‐up, with an increased growth rate, the presence of fat, and hyperintensity on T1‐weighted images as predictive factors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1377–1383. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Venous and arterial flow quantification are equally accurate and precise with parallel imaging compressed sensing 4D phase contrast MRI
Authors: Tariq Umar , Hsiao Albert , Alley Marcus , Zhang Tao , Lustig Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the precision and accuracy of parallel‐imaging compressed‐sensing 4D phase contrast (PICS‐4DPC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) venous flow quantification in children with patients referred for cardiac MRI at our children's hospital.Materials and Methods:With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance, 22 consecutive patients without shunts underwent 4DPC as part of clinical cardiac MRI examinations. Flow measurements were obtained in the superior and inferior vena cava, ascending and descending aorta, and the pulmonary trunk. Conservation of flow to the upper, lower, and whole body was used as an internal physiologic control. The arterial and venous flow rates at each location were compared with paired t‐tests and F‐tests to assess relative accuracy and precision.Results:Arterial and venous flow measurements were strongly correlated with the upper (ρ = 0.89), lower (ρ = 0.96), and whole body (ρ = 0.97); net aortic and pulmonary trunk flow rates were also tightly correlated (ρ = 0.97). There was no significant difference in the value or precision of arterial and venous flow measurements in upper, lower, or whole body, although there was a trend toward improved precision with lower velocity‐encoding settings.Conclusion:With PICS‐4DPC MRI, the accuracy and precision of venous flow quantification are comparable to that of arterial flow quantification at velocity‐encodings appropriate for arterial vessels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1419–1426. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver and heart MR relaxometry in iron loading: Reproducibility of three methods
Authors: Ferguson Mark R. , Otto Randolph K. , Bender Michael A. , Kolokythas Orpheus , Friedman Seth D. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo compare the derived T2* values and reproducibility of three methods used to assess iron‐loading in heart and liver.Materials and MethodsIn 23 pediatric patients, liver and cardiac gradient‐echo imaging datasets (within‐exam repeated sequence pairs) were evaluated. Data analyses compared derived relaxation values (average of pairs) and coefficient of variation (reproducibility of pairs).ResultsT2* values showed differences across methods, with pixel‐wise mean > average fit > pixel‐wise median. Coefficient of variation was found to be lower (better) with pixel‐wise median and average fit methods compared to the pixel‐wise mean technique. Maximum coefficient of variation values were lowest for the pixel‐wise median approach in both the heart and liver.ConclusionDifferences in derived T2* values between methods must be considered when comparing values to established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐biopsy formulas. The pixel‐wise median and average fit methods demonstrate substantial benefits in reproducibility compared to the pixel‐wise mean method. Since minimal variation in measurement is critical for patient care, median processing of relaxometry data may be preferable in both tissue types. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:987–990. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination of multichannel single‐voxel MRS signals using generalized least squares
Authors: An Li , Willem van der Veen Jan , Li Shizhe , Thomasson David M. , Shen Jun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To propose using the generalized least square (GLS) algorithm for combining multichannel single‐voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals.Materials and Methods:Phantom and in vivo brain MRS experiments on a 7 T scanner equipped with a 32‐channel receiver coil, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, were performed to compare the coefficient of variation (CV) of the GLS method with those of two recently reported spectral combination methods.Results:Compared to the two existing methods, the GLS method significantly reduced CV values for the simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments.Conclusion:The GLS method can lead to improved precision of peak quantification. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1445–1450. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved correction for gradient nonlinearity effects in diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Tan Ek T. , Marinelli Luca , Slavens Zachary W. , King Kevin F. , Hardy Christopher J. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeTo provide an improved correction for gradient nonlinearity (GN) effects in diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). These effects produce spatially varying apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a result that will be significant in large field‐of‐view imaging, and may be confounded by distortion and concomitant fields related to the DWI acquisition.Materials and MethodsThe effect of more accurate gradient field maps on GN correction (GNC) of ADC was evaluated. A simulation compared GN effects in commonly imaged anatomy. A temperature‐controlled phantom was imaged at positions 0 cm and 11 cm from isocenter and in two whole‐body MRI systems at 1.5T with different patient bore diameters (55 cm and 60 cm). Varying correction methods were applied to determine the errors from spatial variance and interscanner reproducibility.ResultsAs compared to conventional fifth‐order spherical harmonics, a seventh‐order GNC improved ADC accuracy by 1%. The combination of GNC with a dual‐spin‐echo pulse sequence and a retrospective concomitant field correction reduced ADC error due to spatial variance from 9.5% to 1.8% (55 cm bore) and from 4.2% to 1.8% (60 cm bore). The error in ADC attributed to interscanner reproducibility was reduced from 5.8% to 0.15% (at isocenter) and from 10% to 0.63% (11 cm from isocenter).ConclusionGNC in DWI improved spatial accuracy and interscanner reproducibility of ADC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:448–453. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever nosocomial infection in a immunosuppressed patient, Pakistan: Case report and virological investigation
Authors: Hasan Zahra , Mahmood Faisal , Jamil Bushra , Atkinson Barry , Mohammed Murtaza , Samreen Azra , Altaf Lamia , Moatter Tariq , Hewson Roger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCrimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in the Baluchistan province, Pakistan. Sporadic outbreaks of CCHF occur throughout the year especially in individuals in contact with infected livestock. Nosocomial transmission remains a risk due to difficulties in the diagnosis of CCHF and limited availability of facilities for the isolation of suspected patients. Rapid diagnosis of CCHF virus infection is required for early management of the disease and to prevent transmission. This study describes the case of a 43‐year‐old surgeon who contracted CCHF during a surgical procedure in Quetta, Baluchistan and who was transferred to a tertiary care facility at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi within 1 week of contracting the infection. Diagnosis of CCHF was made using a rapid real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay for CCHF viral RNA. The patient had chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis D infection for which he had previously received a liver transplant. He proceeded to develop classic hemorrhagic manifestations and succumbed to the infection 14 days post‐onset of disease. There was no further nosocomial transmission of the CCHF during the hospital treatment of the surgeon. Early diagnosis of CCHF enables rapid engagement of appropriate isolation, barrier nursing and infection control measures thus preventing nosocomial transmission of the virus. J. Med. Virol. 85:501–504, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.