bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between attention deficit hyperactive disorder symptoms and perceived parenting practices of school‐age children
Authors: Kim Dong Hee , Yoo Il Young 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo examine the relationship between the perception on parenting practices and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school‐age children.BackgroundPsychosocial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder intervention approaches emphasise environmental risk factors at the individual, family and community level. Parenting variables are strongly related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom severity.DesignA cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodsThe participants were 747 children and their parents in two elementary schools. The instruments used were Korean Conners Abbreviated Parent Questionnaire and Korean version Maternal Behavior Research Instrument (measuring four dimensions of parenting practices: affection, autonomy, rejection, control). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe rejective parenting practice was statistically significant in logistic regression controlling gender and age of children, family structure, maternal education level and socio‐economic status. The rejection parenting is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children (OR = 1·356).ConclusionsThese results suggest the importance of specific parenting educational programmes for parents to prevent and decrease attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. It would be more effective rather than focusing only on the child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, developing educational programmes for parents to prevent rejection parenting practice and improve parenting skills in the family system.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen developing a treatment programme for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, healthcare providers should consider not only the child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, but also the parenting practices. Comprehensive interventions designed to prevent rejection and improve parenting skills may be helpful in mitigating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
Energy balance in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients assessed by a 7‐day weighed food diary and a portable armband device
Authors: Bovio G. , Montagna G. , Brazzo S. , Piazza V. , Segagni S. , Cena H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundEnergy balance (EB) is important when assessing nutritional status. EB has never been assessed in haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The present study aimed to assess weekly EB in these patients.MethodsThis clinical cross‐sectional study was conducted for 7 days in eight HD and eight PD patients. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis and biochemical markers. Energy intake (EI per day) and total energy expenditure (TEE per day) were determined by a 7‐day weighed food diary and a portable armband device, respectively.ResultsNo significant differences in age, body mass index, fat free mass (FFM), parathyroid hormone were found between the two groups. EB was calculated by subtracting TEE per day from EI per day. EB was negative in HD {−1347 (1276) kJ day−1 [−322 (305) kcal day−1]}, as well as in PD patients {−427 (5338) kJ day−1 [−102 (395) kcal day−1]}. TEE per day was positively correlated with EI per day, prealbumin, FFM. EI per day was positively correlated with prealbumin. C‐reactive protein was negatively correlated with TEE and FFM (P < 0.05). EB showed a positive correlation with EI per day (P = 0.012) and a negative trend with TEE.ConclusionsHD and PD patients have a negative EB and are at risk of malnutrition. Inflammatory status determines a lower EI per day and a reduction in TEE per day. The most important parameter in determining EB in HD and PD patients is EI per day. This topic deserves further investigation to better understand the mechanisms of impaired EB with respect to preserving patients' nutritional status.
Studiengebühren und das Wanderungsverhalten von Studienanfängern: eine panel- ökonometrische Wirkungsanalyse
Authors: Alecke Björn , Mitze Timo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe question of costs and benefits related to the introduction of tuition fees still dominates the current discussion of higher education policy in Germany. In this contribution, we quantify the effect of tuition fees on state-to-state migration patterns among university freshmen in Germany using an empirical migration model for all 16 German states (Bundesl¨ander) in the period 1999 to 2010. Overall, our results reveal a negative effect of tuition fees on gross in-migration to feecharging states since their introduction in 2006. Although the absolute size of this spatial redistribution effect is moderate, by means of simulation exercises we nevertheless show that the potential use of tuition fees as a planning instrument for higher education policy may not be seen as negligibly. With regard to the questions, which of the other determinants in the migration model can affect gross in-migration flows in a similar way as the introduction of tuition fees was able to do, we find that only a very drastic improvement in the quality of teaching and research facilities at universities in non-charging states relative to fee-charging universities would be able to evoke a similar effect on the spatial redistribution of university freshmen among German states. This raises a closely related question, namely, which of the available instruments may serve best to accomplish the goal of high utilization rates for existing capacities at universities in East Germany as formulated in the University Pact 2020 (Hochschulpakt 2020).
A simple and rapid method to differentiate Arthroderma benhamiae from Microsporum canis
Authors: Mayser Peter , Budihardja Debby 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground:Arthroderma benhamiae is increasingly isolated in Central Europe. In culture, this dermatophyte is difficult to differentiate macroscopically from Microsporum canis, which is microscopically also true for weak or non‐sporulating strains. Although there are valid molecular methods for differentiating between these two dermatophytes, in everyday practice it would be helpful for epidemiological and treatment considerations to have a simple and rapid method available for discrimination.Methods:Five commercially available chromogenic agar media were incubated with culture material of M. canis and A. benhamiae of different ages (2–21 days). Their color was evaluated at different temperatures (4, 20, 25, and 30 ∞C) and for different incubation periods (2 hours – 7 days).Results:Under the selected conditions, Candi‐SelectTM 4 was most suitable. All M. canis strains tested (n = 21) showed a pink or purple coloration of the agar, while 5 out of 6 A. benhamiae strains (n = 30) showed a turquoise coloration. The best results were achieved with an incubation temperature of 25 ∞C and small inocula derived from primary cultures. Results could be evaluated after 2–4 hours.Conclusions:In addition to searching for the origin of infection (in A. benhamiae almost exclusively guinea pigs, and for M. canis dogs and cats), distinguishing between the Trichophyton and Microsporum genera is most important, especially for the selection of a systemic antimycotic agent in the treatment of tinea capitis in children. In the case of M. canis terbinafine is not the first choice, but rather griseofulvin, fluconazole or itraconazole. We present a method of differentiation using Candi‐SelectTM 4. When done with a primary culture, this allows for presumptive identification within a few hours and thus prompt initiation of pathogen‐specific therapy.
The effects of road salt application on the accumulation and speciation of cations and anions in an urban environment
Authors: Merrikhpour Hajar , Jalali Mohsen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the quality of road runoff in heavy traffic and residential areas of Hamedan province, in the western region of Iran. To investigate the effects of salt pollution, 14 runoff samples were collected from streets during the winter and spring of 2009. Streets received different amounts of deicing salt depending on the traffic density. Results showed that deicing salt has major affects on sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (), sulfate () and phosphate () pollution. This is important because this type of watercourse contamination can lead to serious problems, such as eutrophication. We also found an increase in lead (Pb2+) concentration, which was not attributable to the application of deicing agents, but that was due to the combustion of leaded gasoline. Speciation of Ca, Mg, Pb and P chemical species in the samples was calculated using Visual Minteq 2.6 program. The results indicated that Ca and Mg were mainly present as free ions, Pb was mainly present as PbCO3 (aq), while the dominant P species were and .
Effect of Temperature on C3S and C3S + Nanosilica Hydration and C–S–H Structure
Authors: Sáez del Bosque Isabel F. , Martín‐Pastor Manuel , Martínez‐Ramírez Sagrario , Blanco‐Varela María Teresa 
Published: November 2012

This study aimed to monitor the effect of temperature and the addition of nanosilica on the nanostructure of the C–S–H gel forming during tricalcium silicate (C3S) hydration. Two types of paste were prepared from a synthesized T1 C3S. The first consisted of a blend of deionized water and C3S at a water/solid ratio of 0.425. In the second, a 90 wt% C3S + 10 wt% of nanosilica blend was mixed with water at a water/solid ratio of 0.7. The pastes were stored in closed containers at 100% RH and 25°C, 40°C, or 65°C. The hydration reaction was detained after 1, 14, 28, or 62 d with acetone, and then pastes were studied by 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS NMR).The main conclusion was that adding nSA expedites C3S hydration at any age or temperature and modifies the structure of the C–S–H gel formed, two types of C–S–H gel appear. At 25°C and 40°C, more orderly, longer chain gels are initially (1 d) obtained as a result of the pozzolanic reaction between nSA and portlandite (CH) (C–S–HII gel formation). Subsequently, ongoing C3S hydration and the concomitant flow of dimers shorten the mean chain length in the gel.
Complete mitochondrial genomes and a novel spatial genetic method reveal cryptic phylogeographical structure and migration patterns among brown bears in north‐western Eurasia
Authors: Keis Marju , Remm Jaanus , Ho Simon Y. W. , Davison John , Tammeleht Egle , Tumanov Igor L. , Saveljev Alexander P. , Männil Peep , Kojola Ilpo , Abramov Alexei V. , Margus Tõnu , Saarma Urmas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimUsing sequences of complete mitochondrial genomes, our aims were: (1) to investigate the matrilineal phylogeographical structure, migration patterns and lineage coalescence times in a large, continuous population of brown bears (Ursus arctos); and (2) to develop a novel spatial genetic method to identify migration corridors and barriers.LocationNorth‐western Eurasia: from eastern European Russia to the Baltic Sea.MethodsWe sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 95 brown bears. The phylogeographical resolution of complete genomes was compared to that derived from subsets of the genome, including the most commonly used shorter sequences. We conducted network and Bayesian phylogeographical analyses and developed a novel, spatially explicit, individual‐based approach (called DResD) for identifying migration corridors and barriers.ResultsAnalysis of mitogenome sequences revealed five haplogroups, specific to particular geographical areas, exhibiting far greater resolving power than shorter sequences. Estimated coalescence times for the haplogroups ranged from 7.7 to 15.2 ka, suggesting that their divergence took place after the last glaciation. We found several migration trends, including a large westward migration from eastern European Russia towards Finland. We also found evidence of a potential barrier and a migration corridor in the south‐west of the study area.Main conclusionsThe use of complete mitochondrial genomes from a brown bear population in north‐western Eurasia allowed us to identify phylogeographical structure, signatures of demographic history and spatial processes that had not previously been detected using shorter sequences. These findings have implications for studies on other species and populations, especially those exhibiting low mtDNA diversity. The relatively recent divergence estimates for haplogroups highlight the significance not only of the last glaciation but also of climatic fluctuations during the post‐glacial period for the divergence of mammal populations in Europe. Our spatial genetic method represents a new tool for the analysis of genetic data in a geographical context and is applicable to any data that yield genetic distance matrices, including microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Latitudinal clines in alternative life histories in a geometrid moth
Authors: Välimäki P. , Kivelä S. M. , Mäenpää M. I. , Tammaru T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe relative roles of genetic differentiation and developmental plasticity in generating latitudinal gradients in life histories remain insufficiently understood. In particular, this applies to determination of voltinism (annual number of generations) in short‐lived ectotherms, and the associated trait values. We studied different components of variation in development of Chiasmia clathrata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) larvae that originated from populations expressing univoltine, partially bivoltine or bivoltine phenology along a latitudinal gradient of season length. Indicative of population‐level genetic differentiation, larval period became longer while growth rate decreased with increasing season length within a particular phenology, but saw‐tooth clines emerged across the phenologies. Indicative of phenotypic plasticity, individuals that developed directly into reproductive adults had shorter development times and higher growth rates than those entering diapause. The most marked differences between the alternative developmental pathways were found in the bivoltine region suggesting that the adaptive correlates of the direct development evolve if exposed to selection. Pupal mass followed a complex cline without clear reference to the shift in voltinism or developmental pathway probably due to varying interplay between the responses in development time and growth rate. The results highlight the multidimensionality of evolutionary trajectories of life‐history traits, which either facilitate or constrain the evolution of integrated traits in alternative phenotypes.
Evidence for rapid evolution of phenology in an invasive grass
Authors: Novy A. , Flory S.L. , Hartman J. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEvolutionary dynamics of integrative traits such as phenology are predicted to be critically important to range expansion and invasion success, yet there are few empirical examples of such phenomena. In this study, we used multiple common gardens to examine the evolutionary significance of latitudinal variation in phenology of a widespread invasive species, the Asian short‐day flowering annual grass Microstegium vimineum. In environmentally controlled growth chambers, we grew plants from seeds collected from multiple latitudes across the species' invasive range. Flowering time and biomass were both strongly correlated with the latitude of population origin such that populations collected from more northern latitudes flowered significantly earlier and at lower biomass than populations from southern locations. We suggest that this pattern may be the result of rapid adaptive evolution of phenology over a period of less than one hundred years and that such changes have likely promoted the northward range expansion of this species. We note that possible barriers to gene flow, including bottlenecks and inbreeding, have apparently not forestalled evolutionary processes for this plant. Furthermore, we hypothesize that evolution of phenology may be a widespread and potentially essential process during range expansion for many invasive plant species.
Close observation of gastric mucosal pattern by standard endoscopy can predict Helicobacter pylori infection status
Authors: Cho Jun‐Hyung , Chang Young Woon , Jang Jae Young , Shim Jae‐Jun , Lee Chang Kyun , Dong Seok Ho , Kim Hyo Jong , Kim Byung‐Ho , Lee Tae Hee , Cho Joo Young 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimCommon endoscopic findings in stomachs with Helicobacter pylori infections include antral nodularity, thickened gastric folds, and visible submucosal vessels. These findings are suggestive but not diagnostic of H. pylori infection. Magnifying endoscopy can reveal more precisely the abnormal mucosal patterns in an H. pylori‐infected stomach; however, it requires more training, expertise, and time. We aimed to establish a new classification for predicting H. pylori‐infected stomachs by non‐magnifying standard endoscopy alone.MethodsA total of 617 participants who underwent gastroscopy were prospectively enrolled from August 2011 to January 2012. We performed a careful close‐up examination of the corpus at the greater curvature maintaining a distance ≤ 10 mm between the endoscope tip and the mucosal surface. We classified gastric mucosal patterns into four categories: normal regular arrangement of collecting venules (numerous minute red dots), mosaic‐like appearance (type A; swollen areae gastricae or snakeskin appearance), diffuse homogenous redness (type B), and untypical pattern (type C; irregular redness with groove) to predict H. pylori infection status.ResultsThe frequencies of H. pylori infection in patients with a normal regular arrangement of collecting venules pattern and types A, B, and C patterns were 9.4%, 87.7%, 98.1%, and 90.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of all abnormal patterns for prediction of H. pylori infection were 93.3%, 89.1%, 92.3%, and 90.6%, respectively. The overall accuracy was 91.6%.ConclusionsCareful close‐up observation of the gastric mucosal pattern with standard endoscopy can predict H. pylori infection status.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome: Update on recent advances in pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment
Authors: Grace Josephine A , Angus Peter W 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an important cause of dyspnea and hypoxia in the setting of liver disease, occurring in 10–30% of patients with cirrhosis. It is due to vasodilation and angiogenesis in the pulmonary vascular bed, which leads to ventilation‐perfusion mismatching, diffusion limitation to oxygen exchange, and arteriovenous shunting. There is evidence, primarily from animal studies, that vasodilation is mediated by a number of endogenous vasoactive molecules, including endothelin‐1 and nitric oxide (NO). In experimental HPS, liver injury stimulates release of endothelin‐1 and results in increased expression of ETB receptors on pulmonary endothelial cells, leading to upregulation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and subsequent increased production of NO, which causes vasodilation. In addition, increased phagocytosis of bacterial endotoxin in the lung not only promotes stimulation of inducible NO synthase, which increases NO production, but also contributes to intrapulmonary accumulation of monocytes, which may stimulate angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Despite these insights into the pathogenesis of experimental HPS, there is no established medical therapy, and liver transplantation remains the main treatment for symptomatic HPS, although selected patients may benefit from other surgical or radiological interventions. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of HPS, and discuss current approaches to the investigation and treatment of this condition.
Distance between the esophageal tumor and the aorta measured by using the contrast‐enhanced attenuation on computed tomography for predicting this tumor invading aorta
Authors: Tsujimoto Hironori , Matsumoto Yusuke , Kumano Isao , Takahata Risa , Yoshida Kazumichi , Horiguchi Hiroyuki , Nomura Shinsuke , Ono Satoshi , Yamamoto Junji , Hase Kazuo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and AimDespite remarkable advances in diagnostic modalities, preoperative assessment of the local tumor extent in esophageal cancer is still very difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the computed tomography (CT) attenuation value between the tumor and the aorta for esophageal cancer.MethodsConsecutive CT values were determined between the center of the tumor and the center of the aorta. The distance between the intersection of the average CT attenuation value of the tumor using the lower CT attenuation value of the inclusion tissues (T–A distance) was determined. The minimal CT attenuation value and the overall circumference of contact area (Picus' angle) were also determined. This study included 101 patients suspected of having a tumor invading the adventitia and evaluated the capacity of these parameters for predicting the aortic invasion.ResultsThe T–A distance in patients who were diagnosed without aortic invasion was significantly longer than patients who were pathologically confirmed to have invasion to the aortic wall [pT4(Ao)] (P < 0.05). The minimal CT attenuation value in patients without aortic invasion was significantly lower than pT4(Ao) patients (P < 0.05), although such a difference was not observed for the Picus' angle. The T–A distance (1.3 mm >) is the most reliable feature for predicting the aortic invasion, according to the results of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ConclusionsThe assessment of the T–A distance is simple and objective, and it can help prevent unnecessary surgery in patients with inoperable tumors.