bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid screening of low‐molecular‐weight phenols from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) pulp using liquid chromatography/UV–visible/electrospray mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Sentandreu Enrique , Cerdán‐Calero Manuela , Halket John M , Navarro José L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPersimmon fruits have been widely used in traditional medicine owing to their phenolic composition. This research aims to perform a rapid, detailed and affordable study of the profile of low‐molecular‐weight phenols from persimmon pulp.RESULTSTwo different HPLC‐DAD/ESI‐MSn analyses were performed using a routine three‐dimensional ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze the ethanolic extract of persimmon pulp: (1) an untargeted data‐dependent analysis to identify the majority of small phenols that included full MS and MS2 scan events; (2) a targeted data‐dependent analysis to identify polymerized phenols (dimers and formic acid adducts) through a source‐induced dissociation analysis that included full MS and MS2 scan events. Thirty‐two low‐molecular‐weight phenols were detected, comprising gallic acid and its glycoside and acyl derivatives, glycosides of p‐coumaric, vanillic and cinnamic acids and different flavone di‐C‐hexosides, most of them reported for the first time in persimmon.CONCLUSIONThe use of a straightforward and affordable methodology of analysis led to obtain an up‐to‐date profiling of low‐molecular‐weight phenols in persimmon. The results can help future actions aimed to expand the understanding of the phenolic metabolome of persimmon cultivars. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification and characterization of α‐acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) from newly isolated Lactococcus lactisDX
Authors: Guo Yuxing , Pan Daodong , Ding Haibing , Wu Zhen , Sun Yangying , Zeng Xiaoqun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiacetyl (2,3‐butanedione) is a common flavor aroma from fermented dairy products. There is a need to screen new microorganisms that can efficiently produce large amounts of diacetyl.RESULTSA new lactic acid bacterium that produced high concentrations of diacetyl was identified based on Gram staining, microscopic examination and 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Lactococcus lactis DX. Its α‐acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) was purified using 0.45 g mL−1 ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephacryl S‐300 and S‐200 HR and native‐PAGE. The purified ALDC displayed a monomer structure and had a molecular mass of about 73.1 kDa, which was estimated using SDS‐PAGE. IR analysis showed that the ALDC had a typical protein structure. The optimal temperature and pH for ALDC activity were 40 °C and 6.5 respectively. The ALDC of L. lactis DX was activated by Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ and Ca2+, while Cu2+ significantly inhibited ALDC activity. Leucine, valine and isoleucine activated the ALDC.CONCLUSIONA strain that had high ability to produce diacetyl was identified as L. lactis DX. The difference in diacetyl production may be due to the ALDC, which is different from other ALDCs. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamical string tension in string theory with spacetime Weyl invariance
Authors: Bars I. , Steinhardt P.J. , Turok N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe fundamental string length, which is an essential part of string theory, explicitly breaks scale invariance. However, in field theory we demonstrated recently that the gravitational constant, which is directly related to the string length, can be promoted to a dynamical field if the standard model coupled to gravity (SM+GR) is lifted to a locally scale (Weyl) invariant theory. The higher gauge symmetry reveals previously unknown field patches whose inclusion turn the classically conformally invariant SM+GR into a geodesically complete theory with new cosmological and possibly further physical consequences. In this paper this concept is extended to string theory by showing how it can be “Weyl lifted” with a local scale symmetry acting on target space background fields. In this process the string tension (fundamental string length) is promoted to a dynamical field, in agreement with the parallel developments in field theory. We then propose a string theory in a geodesically complete cosmological stringy background which suggests previously unimagined directions in the stringy exploration of the very early universe.
Electron beam silicon purification
Authors: Kravtsov Anatoly , Kravtsov Alexey 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurification of heavily doped electronic grade silicon by evaporation of N‐type impurities with electron beam heating was investigated in process with a batch weight up to 50 kilos.Effective temperature of the melt, an indicative parameter suitable for purification process characterization was calculated and appeared to be stable for different load weight processes. Purified material was successfully approbated in standard CZ processes of three different companies. Each company used its standard process and obtained CZ monocrystals applicable for photovoltaic application.These facts enable process to be successfully scaled up to commercial volumes (150‐300 kg) and yield solar grade silicon. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An EBIC and SRP study on thermal donors in proton implanted p‐type magnetic Czochralski silicon
Authors: Faccinelli Martin , Kirnstoetter Stefan , Schustereder Werner , Laven Johannes G. , Hadley Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe concentration of defects in silicon can be changed by ion implantations and thermal annealing steps. Some of the defects incorporated during these processes form complexes which can act as donors or acceptors and their concentration can even overcome the initial doping concentration of the material, and hence, cause an inversion of the doping type. One way to introduce defects and also to catalyse the formation of defect complexes is by proton implantation. For our project, a high resistivity p‐type magnetic Czochralski (m:Cz) grown silicon wafer was implanted with 4 MeV protons at an implantation dose of 2 ×1014 cm–2. The wafer was broken into pieces and these pieces were annealed at different temperatures resulting in different concentrations of defect complexes. The defects were investigated in the proton implanted region and in the substrate region beyond the penetration depth of the protons (where only the heat treatment caused a change in the defect concentrations). The local doping type and the relative change of the minority carrier diffusion length were measured using Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC). Furthermore, resistivity profiles were measured using Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP). The results show several changes of the doping type, the minority carrier diffusion length and the resistivity profile. In addition to donor complexes already reported in the literature, the formation of additional high temperature donor complexes has been observed. The data shows that the presence of hydrogen in silicon has a far higher influence on the changes of the electrical properties of the material at annealing temperatures between 400 °C and 510 °C than at higher annealing temperatures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrically detected magnetic resonance study on defects in Si pn‐junctions created by proton implantation
Authors: Gruber Gernot , Kirnstoetter Stefan , Hadley Peter , Koch Markus , Aichinger Thomas , Schulze Holger , Schustereder Werner 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe present study focuses on electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) investigations of proton implanted silicon. The samples were prepared on n‐type silicon wafers highly doped diffused boron (B) p‐region, forming a pn‐junction. A large additional n‐type doping was introduced by proton (H+) implantation. We compare samples with implantation doses up to 1015 H+/cm–2 and investigate the effects of anneals at 350 °C. We observe different types of defects in the differently prepared samples. One doublet with 118.5 G HF splitting and a g ‐value of 2.0095(4) is only observed in the samples implanted with the highest dose and is assigned to hydrogen. The structure of the other observed defects remains unidentified and can only tentatively be assigned to hydrogen. More extensive measurements would have to be performed to get a better picture. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Band engineering and absorption spectra in compressively strained Ge0.92Sn0.08/Ge (001) double quantum well for infrared photodetection
Authors: Yahyaoui N. , Sfina N. , Lazzari J.‐L. , Bournel A. , Said M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe report a theoretical investigation of strained Ge1−xSnx/Ge (001)‐oriented quantum wells as a bulding block in active region of infrared photodetector. The electronic band parameters, gaps, discontinuities and effective masses for heterointerfaces between compressively strained Ge1−xSnx and relaxed Ge have beencomputed at room temperature. From this preliminary and mendatory work, we conclude that pseudomorphic Ge1−xSnx alloys become direct band gap semiconductors at a Sn‐fraction of 15.3%, e.g. a lattice mismatch as high as 2.3%. Due to achievable critical layer thickness and mainly solid solubility limit, a type‐I compressively strained Ge/Ge0.92Sn0.08/Ge (double) quantum well is studied by solving Schrödinger equation without and applied bias voltage. A strong absorption coefficient (> 1×104 cm−1) and a Stark shift of the direct transition between 2.01 μm and 2.25 μm at large external fields (40kV/cm) are attractive characteristics for the design of infrared photodetectors (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐frequency electron spin resonance study of inherent Si dangling bond defects at the thermal (211)Si/SiO2 interface
Authors: Iacovo S. , Stesmans A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMultifrequency low temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) studies were carried out to atomically assess inherent point defects at the thermal ‘higher index' (211)Si/SiO2 interface. This reveals, as dominant imperfections, Pb‐type centers (generic entity Si3≡Si•, the dot representing an unpaired sp3‐like hybrid) occurring in densities of ∼1 × 1013 cm–2 for oxidation temperatures ∼400 °C. On the basis of the pertinent ESR characteristics, the inherent basic defect is typified as the Pb0(211) variant, resembling closely the Pb0 center in standard (100)Si/SiO2. At the higher index (211)Si/SiO2 interface, these defects predominantly pertain to defected Si atoms located at (111)‐face terraces. Combination of angular and frequency (ν) dependent studies show the Pb0(211) peak‐to‐peak line width ΔBpp to be composed of a residual width (ν→0) of 2.2 ± 0.1 G, to which dipolar broadening contributes an essential part, and a substantial inhomogeneous broadening component due to g distribution, predominantly in g⊥, induced by non‐uniform interface strain –also similar to the Pb0(100) properties. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design of secure access control scheme for personal health record‐based cloud healthcare service
Authors: Liu Chia‐Hui , Lin Fong‐Qi , Chen Chin‐Sheng , Chen Tzer‐Shyong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWith the development of information technology and medical technology, many developed countries have established organizations to develop electronic medical standards in response to apply the development of technology information, and they gradually develop the emerging patterns of personal health records (PHRs). PHR can integrate different kinds of health information and can offer the integrity and accuracy of personal health and medical records. Using the cloud computing environment to implement the PHR system; we can decrease the infrastructure management costs, adjusting the dynamic resources immediately on the basis of the changes of client's demand and other advantages. To assure that the security information in cloud computing environment is important to users, this paper provides efficient and safe access managing mechanism to solve PHR implement on cloud environment's security problem, avoiding possibility that the information security being threatened in the Cloud may lead to the collapse of medical care, patients' stolen data, loss of personal privacy, and financial or other serious consequences. This paper presents bilinear pairing that was constructed in the cloud computing environment of the new PHR access control mechanism, which suited for deploying a large‐scale and multiple identities of users, and users are safe and efficient in accessing the PHR information. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious Revival and the Politics of Nation Building: Reinterpreting the 1963 ‘Buddhist crisis’ in South Vietnam
Authors: MILLER EDWARD 
Published: August 2014

AbstractScholars have portrayed the 1963 ‘Buddhist crisis’ in South Vietnam as a struggle for religious freedom, as a political conspiracy, or as a manifestation of ancient religious beliefs and practices. This paper, in contrast, argues that the crisis emerged from a clash of modernizing visions. The Buddhist-led protests that took place in South Vietnam in 1963 were linked to the Vietnamese Buddhist revival, a nationalist reform movement that began during the early twentieth century. The protests also reflected growing Buddhist anxieties about the Ngo Dinh Diem government's nation-building agenda for South Vietnam. By the time the crisis began, Buddhist leaders had concluded that this agenda (which Diem referred to as the ‘Personalist Revolution’) was incompatible with their plans to realize Vietnam's destiny as a ‘Buddhist nation’. In addition to reinterpreting the origins of the crisis, this paper examines how the course of events was shaped by the personalities and agendas of particular Buddhist and government leaders, and especially by fierce rivalries among members of Diem's family. These internal tensions help to explain the failure of attempts to end the crisis through negotiations, as well as Diem's decision to crush the movement by force in August 1963.
A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations
Authors: Tyler Richard S. , Pienkowski Martin , Roncancio Eveling Rojas , Jun Hyung Jin , Brozoski Tom , Dauman Nicolas , Coelho Claudia Barros , Andersson Gerhard , Keiner Andrew J. , Cacace Anthony T. , Martin Nora , Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeHyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. We provide an overview of the field, and possible related areas, in the hope of facilitating future research.MethodWe review and reference literature on hyperacusis and related areas. We have divided the review into 2 articles. In Part I, we discuss definitions, epidemiology, different etiologies and subgroups, and how hyperacusis affects people. In Part II, we review measurements, models, mechanisms, and treatments, and we finish with some suggestions for further research.ResultsHyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sound, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Many different causes have been proposed, and it will be important to appreciate and quantify different subgroups. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including psychoacoustical measures, questionnaires, and brain imaging.ConclusionsHyperacusis can make life difficult for many, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.
Examining Similarities and Differences Among Parent–Teacher Reports of Spanish–English Productive Vocabulary
Authors: Dubasik Virginia L. , Svetina Dubravka 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
The purposes of the present study were to (a) explore the relationship between parent and teacher reports of children's bilingual (Spanish–English) productive vocabulary and (b) examine similarities and differences among parent–teacher reports. Word categories were examined to determine the nature of similarities and differences.

Method

Parents and teachers of eleven Spanish–English bilinguals (
M
age
= 44.5 months) completed the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory upper extension and an experimental version of a congruent Spanish form at 2 time points. Percent agreement, kappa coefficient, and Spearman's rho were employed to estimate overall interrater agreement and agreement on specific word categories.

Results
Results indicated inconsistent levels of overall agreement across measures and forms. Higher levels of parent–teacher agreement were observed on Spanish forms at either time point using Spearman's rho coefficient and kappa, whereas percent agreement was higher on English forms. Limited overlap of high agreement between parents and teachers was found on word categories across indices. Unique contributions of reporters were observed.

Conclusion
This work underscores the utility of multiple informants of bilingual children's productive vocabulary. Combined and unique contributions of parent and teacher reporters may inform the language development of preschool-age bilingual children as productive vocabulary skills develop and change.
Stray electric field energy harvesting technology using MEMS switch from insulated AC power lines
Authors: Kim Hoseong , Choi Dongkil , Gong Sungmin , Park Kyungjin 
Published: August 2014

A new energy harvesting technology that extracts energy from the stray electric field around a three‐wire AC power line is presented. It is observed that when 20 cm of the insulated power line is surrounded with a conductive sheet, about 20 mJ of energy is harvested in 15 min with a 1 μF storage capacitor. An autonomous harvesting circuit was designed and built adopting an MEMS switch as a low leakage, low power consumption and hysteretic switch. It is demonstrated that the harvested energy is utilised to drive a commercial Zigbee‐based wireless sensor module autonomously. Since it is easy and safe to install, the proposed stray electric field harvesting technology should greatly expand the field in which wireless sensors are required, such as home automation, smart grid, building energy management and structural health monitoring, as long as power lines are available nearby.
Compact differential power divider with enhanced bandwidth and in‐phase or out‐of‐phase output ports
Authors: Shi Jin , Xu Kai 
Published: August 2014

A differential power divider using coupled microstrip line is proposed. The differential‐mode response can be controlled by the odd‐mode of the coupled microstrip line and resistors. Compared with the reported differential power dividers, the proposed one shows the advantages of compact size, wide bandwidth and easy connection with radio frequency (RF) chips. Furthermore, both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase output ports can be realised using different connection ways. Two prototypes have been fabricated with the same size of 0.185λg × 0.245λg, one with in‐phase output ports and the other with out‐of‐phase output ports, showing the same minimum insertion loss of 0.2 dB and relative frequency bandwidths for |Sdd11| <−15 dB of 75 and 78%, respectively.
pin photodiode in 0.15 µm CMOS
Authors: Davidovic M. , Wimbauer T. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: August 2014

A vertical pin photodiode with a thick intrinsic layer is integrated in a 0.15 µm CMOS process. A deep n‐well (N‐ISO) allows increase of the reverse voltage of the pin photodiode far above the circuit supply voltage enabling a high drift velocity. Therefore, the large thickness of the intrinsic layer and the high reverse voltage lead to a high dynamic quantum efficiency and to a high bandwidth. The maximum responsivity of 0.46 A/W was measured at 730 nm corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 78.3%. For 850 nm, the −3 dB bandwidth of 700 MHz and for 650 nm the −3 dB bandwidth of 1.2 GHz was obtained at −8 V.
A method for
de novo
nucleic acid diagnostic target discovery
Authors: Zhang Yeting , Sun Yazhou 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Motivation: A proper target or marker is essential in any diagnosis (e.g. an infection or cancer). An ideal diagnostic target should be both conserved in and unique to the pathogen. Currently, these targets can only be identified manually, which is time-consuming and usually error-prone. Because of the increasingly frequent occurrences of emerging epidemics and multidrug-resistant ‘superbugs’, a rapid diagnostic target identification process is needed.
Results: A new method that can identify uniquely conserved regions (UCRs) as candidate diagnostic targets for a selected group of organisms solely from their genomic sequences has been developed and successfully tested. Using a sequence-indexing algorithm to identify UCRs and a k -mer integer-mapping model for computational efficiency, this method has successfully identified UCRs within the bacteria domain for 15 test groups, including pathogenic, probiotic, commensal and extremophilic bacterial species or strains. Based on the identified UCRs, new diagnostic primer sets were designed, and their specificity and efficiency were tested by polymerase chain reaction amplifications from both pure isolates and samples containing mixed cultures.
Availability and implementation: The UCRs identified for the 15 bacterial species are now freely available at http://ucr.synblex.com . The source code of the programs used in this study is accessible at http://ucr.synblex.com/bacterialIdSourceCode.d.zip
Contact: yazhousun@synblex.com
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quartet Inference from SNP Data Under the Coalescent Model
Authors: Chifman Julia , Kubatko Laura 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Increasing attention has been devoted to estimation of species-level phylogenetic relationships under the coalescent model. However, existing methods either use summary statistics (gene trees) to carry out estimation, ignoring an important source of variability in the estimates, or involve computationally intensive Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms that do not scale well to whole-genome datasets.
Results: We develop a method to infer relationships among quartets of taxa under the coalescent model using techniques from algebraic statistics. Uncertainty in the estimated relationships is quantified using the nonparametric bootstrap. The performance of our method is assessed with simulated data. We then describe how our method could be used for species tree inference in larger taxon samples, and demonstrate its utility using datasets for Sistrurus rattlesnakes and for soybeans.
Availability and implementation: The method to infer the phylogenetic relationship among quartets is implemented in the software SVDquartets, available at www.stat.osu.edu/∼lkubatko/software/SVDquartets.
Contact: lkubatko@stat.osu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.