bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it time to recommend AUC-based vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring only? A cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Liu Jieqiong , Zhang Xuan , Liang Gang , Zhu Jianping , Yang Yi , Zheng Ying , Han Yun , Yu Lingyan , Zhao Yuhua , Yu Zhenwei 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe latest published therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) guidelines for vancomycin recommend changing trough-based monitoring to area under the concentration-to-time curve (AUC)-based monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation status and perceptions of vancomycin AUC-based TDM in China and to determine the challenges in performing AUC-based TDM.MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in China using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised a total of 25 questions with open- and closed-ended answers to collect information about the current implementation of vancomycin TDM and the participants’ perceptions of these practices. The questionnaire responses were collected via the Questionnaire Star platform and analyzed.ResultsA total of 161 questionnaires were completed by 131 hospitals and were included. Approximately 59.5% (78/131) of the surveyed hospitals conducted vancomycin TDM; however, only 10.7% (14/131) of these hospitals performed AUC-based vancomycin TDM. Of the eligible participants, 58.4% (94/161) had experience with vancomycin TDM, and only 37 participants (37/161, 23.0%) had the ability to estimate the AUC, primarily through Bayesian simulation (33/161, 20.5%). The participants considered the following challenges to implementing AUC-based monitoring: (1) the high cost of AUC-based monitoring; (2) inadequate knowledge among pharmacists and/or physicians; (3) the complexity of AUC calculations; (4) difficulty obtaining AUC software; and (5) unclear benefit of AUC-based monitoring.ConclusionThe majority of surveyed hospitals have not yet implemented AUC-based vancomycin TDM. Multiple challenges should be addressed before wide implementation of AUC-based monitoring, and guidance for trough-based monitoring is still needed.
Trend of albumin nanoparticles in oncology: a bibliometric analysis of research progress and prospects
Authors: Liu Ye , Li Yi , Shen Wei , Li Min , Wang Wen , Jin Xin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundDelivery systems based on albumin nanoparticles (NPs) have recently garnered substantial interest in anti-tumor drug development. However, systematic bibliometric analyses in this field remain lacking. This study aimed to analyze the current research status, hotspots, and frontiers in the application of albumin NPs in the field of oncology from a bibliometric perspective.MethodsUsing the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) as the data source, retrieved articles were analyzed using software, such as VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.6, and the relevant visualization maps were plotted.ResultsFrom 1 January 2000, to 15 April 2024, 2,262 institutions from 67 countries/regions published 1,624 articles related to the application of albumin NPs in the field of oncology. The USA was a leader in this field and held a formidable academic reputation. The most productive institution was the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The most productive author was Youn YS, whereas Kratz F was the most frequently co-cited author. The most productive journal was the International Journal of Nanomedicine, whereas the Journal of Controlled Release was the most co-cited journal. Future research hotspots and frontiers included “rapid and convenient synthesis methods predominated by self-assembly,” “surface modification,” “construction of multifunctional NPs for theranostics,” “research on natural active ingredients mainly based on phenolic compounds,” “combination therapy,” and “clinical applications.”ConclusionBased on our bibliometric analysis and summary, we obtained an overview of the research on albumin NPs in the field of oncology, identified the most influential countries, institutions, authors, journals, and citations, and discussed the current research hotspots and frontiers in this field. Our study may serve as an important reference for future research in this field.
Insights into the phytochemical profiling, antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Lepionurus sylvestris Blume extract in fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Pan Xianzhu , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Basit Abdul , Sripetthong Sasikarn , Nalinbenjapun Sirinporn , Ovatlarnporn Chitchamai 
Published: July 2024

In this study, the antidiabetic activities of Lepionurus sylvestris Blume extract (LSB) in rats was investigated. The in vitro antidiabetic properties of LSB was evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory assays, while the antioxidant assay was analysed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Type 2 diabetes was with high-fructose/streptozotocin, and the diabetic animals were treated with LSB for 5 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the effects of LSB were evaluated via insulin level, lipid profile and hepatorenal function biomarkers. The level of oxido-inflammatory parameters, histopathology and insulin immunohistochemical staining in the pancreas was evaluated. Diabetic rats manifested significant increases in the blood glucose level, food/water intake, lipid profiles, hepatorenal function biomarkers, as well as a marked decreases in the body weight and serum insulin levels. Histopathological and insulin immunohistochemical examination also revealed decreased pancreatic beta cells and insulin positive cells, respectively. These alterations were associated with significant increases in malondialdehyde, TNF-α and IL-1β, in addition to significant declines in GSH, SOD and CAT activities. LSB significantly reduced blood glucose level, glucose intolerance, serum lipids, restored altered hepatorenal and pancreatic functions in the treated diabetic rats. Further, LSB showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities by reducing malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-1β, and increasing antioxidant enzymes activities in the pancreatic tissues. A total of 77 secondary metabolites were tentatively identified in the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of LSB. Overall, these findings provides insight into the potentials of LSB as an antidiabetic agent which may be associated to the plethora bioactive compounds in the plant.
Near infrared spectroscopy for cooking time classification of cassava genotypes
Authors: Bandeira e Sousa Massaine , Morales Cinara Fernanda Garcia , Mbanjo Edwige Gaby Nkouaya , Egesi Chiedozie , Oliveira Eder Jorge de 
Published: July 2024

Cooking time is a crucial determinant of culinary quality of cassava roots and incorporating it into the early stages of breeding selection is vital for breeders. This study aimed to assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in classifying cassava genotypes based on their cooking times. Five cooking times (15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 minutes) were assessed and 888 genotypes evaluated over three crop seasons (2019/2020, 2020/2021, and 2021/2022). Fifteen roots from five plants per plot, featuring diameters ranging from 4 to 7 cm, were randomly chosen for cooking analysis and spectral data collection. Two root samples (15 slices each) per genotype were collected, with the first set aside for spectral data collection, processed, and placed in two petri dishes, while the second set was utilized for cooking assessment. Cooking data were classified into binary and multiclass variables (CT4C and CT6C). Two NIRs devices, the portable QualitySpec® Trek (QST) and the benchtop NIRFlex N-500 were used to collect spectral data. Classification of genotypes was carried out using the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) and partial least squares (PLS) models. The spectral data were split into a training set (80%) and an external validation set (20%). For binary variables, the classification accuracy for cassava cooking time was notably high (RCal2 ranging from 0.72 to 0.99). Regarding multiclass variables, accuracy remained consistent across classes, models, and NIR instruments (~0.63). However, the KNN model demonstrated slightly superior accuracy in classifying all cooking time classes, except for the CT4C variable (QST) in the NoCook and 25 min classes. Despite the increased complexity associated with binary classification, it remained more efficient, offering higher classification accuracy for samples and facilitating the selection of the most relevant time or variables, such as cooking time ≤ 30 minutes. The accuracy of the optimal scenario for classifying samples with a cooking time of 30 minutes reached RCal2 = 0.86 and RVal2 = 0.84, with a Kappa value of 0.53. Overall, the models exhibited a robust fit for all cooking times, showcasing the significant potential of NIRs as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for classifying cassava genotypes based on cooking time.
The future of neuropsychology is digital, theory-driven, and Bayesian: a paradigmatic study of cognitive flexibility
Authors: Schmerwitz Clara , Kopp Bruno 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study explores the transformative potential of digital, theory-driven, and Bayesian paradigms in neuropsychology by combining digital technologies, a commitment to evaluating theoretical frameworks, and Bayesian statistics. The study also examines theories of executive function and cognitive flexibility in a large sample of neurotypical individuals (N = 489).MethodsWe developed an internet-based Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task (iWCST) optimized for online assessment of perseveration errors (PE). Predictions of the percentage of PE, PE (%), in non-repetitive versus repetitive situations were derived from the established supervisory attention system (SAS) theory, non-repetitive PE (%) &lt; repetitive PE (%), and the novel goal-directed instrumental control (GIC) theory, non-repetitive PE (%) &gt; repetitive PE (%).ResultsBayesian t-tests revealed the presence of a robust error suppression effect (ESE) indicating that PE are less likely in repetitive situations than in non-repetitive situations, contradicting SAS theory with posterior model probability p &lt; 0.001 and confirming GIC theory with posterior model probability p &gt; 0.999. We conclude that repetitive situations support cognitive set switching in the iWCST by facilitating the retrieval of goal-directed, instrumental memory that associates stimulus features, actions, and outcomes, thereby generating the ESE in neurotypical individuals. We also report exploratory data analyses, including a Bayesian network analysis of relationships between iWCST measures.DiscussionOverall, this study serves as a paradigmatic model for combining digital technologies, theory-driven research, and Bayesian statistics in neuropsychology. It also provides insight into how this integrative, innovative approach can advance the understanding of executive function and cognitive flexibility and inform future research and clinical applications.
Islands in the stream: a qualitative study on the accessibility of mental health care for persons with substance use disorders in Belgium
Authors: De Ruysscher Clara , Magerman Jürgen , Goethals Ilse , Chantry Mégane , Sinclair Deborah L. , Delespaul Philippe , De Maeyer Jessica , Nicaise Pablo , Vanderplasschen Wouter 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPersons with substance use disorders (SUD) make up a considerable proportion of mental health care service users worldwide. Since 2010, Belgian mental health care has undergone a nationwide reform (‘Title 107’) aiming to realize a mental health care system that fosters more intensive collaboration, strengthens the cohesion and integration across and between different services, and is more responsive to the support needs of all service users. Although persons with SUD were named as a prioritized target group, how this reform impacted the lives and recovery journeys of persons with SUD remains understudied. This study aims to investigate how persons with SUD, regardless of whether they have co-occurring mental health issues, experience the accessibility of mental health care in light of the ‘Title 107’ reform.MethodsData were collected by means of in-depth interviews with a heterogeneous sample of persons with SUD (n=52), recruited from five regional mental health networks in Belgium. In-depth interviews focused on experiences regarding (history of) substance use, accessibility of services and support needs, and were analyzed thematically.ResultsFive dynamic themes came to the fore: fragmentation of care and support, the importance of “really listening”, balancing between treatment-driven and person-centered support, the ambivalent role of peers, and the impact of stigma.DiscussionDespite the ‘Title 107’ reform, persons with SUD still experience mental health care services as ‘islands in the stream’, pointing to several pressing priorities for future policy and practice development: breaking the vicious cycles of waiting times, organizing relational case management, tackling stigma and centralizing lived experiences, and fostering recovery-promoting collaboration.
Deep space observations of conditionally averaged global reflectance patterns
Authors: Kostinski Alexander , Marshak Alexander , Várnai Tamás 
Published: July 2024

The Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft drifts about the Lagrangian point ≈ 1.4 − 1.6 × 106 km from Earth, where its Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observes the entire sunlit face of Earth every 1–2 h. In an attempt to detect “signals,” i.e., longer-term changes and semi-permanent features such as the ever-present ocean glitter, while suppressing geographic “noise,” in this study, we introduce temporally and conditionally averaged reflectance images, performed on a fixed grid of pixels and uniquely suited to the DSCOVR/EPIC observational circumstances. The resulting images (maps), averaged in time over months and conditioned on surface/cover type such as land, ocean, or clouds, show seasonal dependence literally at a glance, e.g., by an apparent extent of polar caps. Clear ocean-only aggregate maps feature central patches of ocean glitter, linking directly to surface roughness and, thereby, global winds. When combined with clouds, these blue planet “moving average” maps also serve as diagnostic tools for cloud retrieval algorithms. Land-only images convey the prominence of Earth’s deserts and the variable opacity of the atmosphere at different wavelengths. Insights into climate science and diagnostic and educational tools are likely to emerge from such average reflectance maps.
Growth factor and cytokine characterization of canine platelet lysate with variable leukocyte concentration, plasma content, and heat-sensitive proteins
Authors: Lunardon Thainá , Sumner Scarlett M. , Mollabashi Melikasadat , Darzenta Nikolia , Davis Emily , Naskou Maria C. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPlatelet lysate is an acellular platelet product containing factors released from secretory granules, including cytokines and growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate different centrifugation methods used to prepare canine platelet lysate with variable content of leukocytes, plasma, and heat-sensitive proteins.MethodsWhole blood was collected from six dogs and two double-spin preparation methods were used to generate the platelet-rich plasma with reduced (PRP) and high (L-PRP) concentration of leukocytes. A portion of both methods underwent plasma depletion via centrifugation and platelet lysate was generated via freeze–thaw cycles. A portion of the generated platelet lysate underwent complement inactivation via heat treatment. Growth factors (TGF-β1, VEGF, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, HGF) were quantified in all different platelet lysate preparations using ELISAs.ResultsBoth platelet-rich plasma preparations had a 6.7-fold increase in platelet concentration. White blood cell (WBC) concentration compared to whole blood increased 1.2-fold times in PRP and 1.9-fold times in L-PRP. Negligible concentrations of platelets, WBC, and hematocrit were identified in all lysate groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for PDGF, VEGF, and TNF-α, and not for TGF-β or HGF. No growth factor differences were noted between centrifugation methods. PDGF was significantly higher in platelet lysate that was plasma depleted. VEGF was significantly higher in heat-treated lysate groups. TNF-α concentrations were overall very low, though were noted to significantly increase following plasma depletion.ConclusionThese results support that growth factors and cytokine release can be affected by the platelet lysate preparation and processing.
Mathematical Modeling of Vedolizumab Treatment’s Effect on Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: D’Ambrosio Antonio , Altomare Annamaria , Boscarino Tamara , Gori Manuele , Balestrieri Paola , Putignani Lorenza , Del Chierico Federica , Carotti Simone , Cicala Michele , Guarino Michele Pier Luca , Piemonte Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

Growing evidence suggests that impaired gut permeability and gut microbiota alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), which include Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD). Vedolizumab is an anti-α4β7 antibody approved for IBD treatment, used as the first treatment or second-line therapy when the first line results in inadequate effectiveness. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model capable of describing the pathophysiological mechanisms of Vedolizumab treatment in IBD patients. In particular, the relationship between drug concentration in the blood, colonic mucosal permeability and fecal microbiota composition was investigated and modeled to detect and predict trends in order to support and tailor Vedolizumab therapies. To pursue this aim, clinical data from a pilot study on a cluster of 11 IBD patients were analyzed. Enrolled patients underwent colonoscopy in three phases (before (t0), after 24 weeks of (t1) and after 52 weeks of (t2 ) Vedolizumab treatment) to collect mucosal biopsies for transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) evaluation (permeability to ions), intestinal permeability measurement and histological analysis. Moreover, fecal samples were collected for the intestinal microbiota analysis at the three time points. The collected data were compared to those of 11 healthy subjects at t0, who underwent colonoscopy for screening surveillance, and used to implement a three-compartmental mathematical model (comprising central blood, peripheral blood and the intestine). The latter extends previous evidence from the literature, based on the regression of experimental data, to link drug concentration in the peripheral blood compartment with Roseburia abundance and intestinal permeability. The clinical data showed that Vedolizumab treatment leads to an increase in TEER and a reduction in intestinal permeability to a paracellular probe, improving tissue inflammation status. Microbiota analysis showed increasing values of Roseburia, albeit not statistically significant. This trend was adequately reproduced by the mathematical model, which offers a useful tool to describe the pathophysiological effects of Vedolizumab therapy on colonic mucosal permeability and fecal microbiota composition. The model’s satisfactory predictive capabilities and simplicity shed light on the relationship between the drug, the microbiota and permeability and allow for its straightforward extension to diverse therapeutic conditions.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and Its Expression Profile following Grass Carp Reovirus Challenge
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shi Jiayuan , Lu Yuntao , Luo Qing , Chu Pengfei , Huang Rong , Chen Kunci , Zhao Jian , Wang Yaping , Ou Mi 
Published: July 2024

As a member of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) class, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1) plays a key role in innate immunity. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) ranks among the most extensively cultivated freshwater aquaculture species in China. However, little is known about the function of SRB1 in C. idellus. In this research study, a SRB1 gene was identified in C. idellus, named CiSRB1. The full-length cDNA of CiSRB1 is 2486 bp long, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 2486 bp encoding a 497 amino acid (aa) protein containing a conserved CD36 domain. The identified genomic DNA length of CiSRB1 is 20,042 bp, including 12 exons and 11 introns. The predictive analysis of protein interactions revealed that CiSRB1 could interact with the outer capsid proteins of typical GCRV strains. The tissue distribution of CiSRB1 exhibited age-dependent characteristics. CiSRB1 displayed the highest expression in the intestines and moderate levels in muscle, spleen, liver, and brain of one-year-old grass carp while maintaining relatively low levels in three-year-old grass carp. Following grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection, notable upregulation of CiSRB1 transcripts was observed in major immune tissues (gills, intestines, spleen, and liver). Furthermore, significant differences were found between one-year-old and three-year-old grass carp, with lower CiSRB1 expression levels being detected in the older group. Additionally, a distinct response to GCRV infection was observed in one-year-old and three-year-old grass carp. It was found that one-year-old individuals had a mortality rate of up to 84% 6 days post-infection (dpi), whereas all three-year-old counterparts survived after GCRV infection. The analysis of GCRV copy numbers across tissues revealed substantially higher levels in one-year-old grass carp compared with their older counterparts, confirming the existence of age-dependent susceptibility to GCRV infection in grass carp. Combined with these results, it was speculated that the decline in cell-surface CiSRB1 expression with age may impede reovirus binding to host cells, potentially explaining why older grass carp demonstrated enhanced resistance to GCRV infection. This observation accentuates the importance of CiSRB1 in the context of GCRV infection and provides insights into age-dependent susceptibility to reovirus.
Feeding Habits and Prey Composition of Six Mesopelagic Fish Species from an Isolated Central Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Badouvas Nicholas , Tsagarakis Konstantinos , Somarakis Stylianos , Karachle Paraskevi K. 
Published: July 2024

Mesopelagic fishes hold an important position in marine food webs, serving as a link between lower trophic levels and top predators and transferring energy from their deep mesopelagic habitat to shallower oceanic layers. Despite their ecological importance, research on mesopelagic fishes’ diet and feeding habits in the Mediterranean Sea is far from thorough. The present work attempts to assess the preying patterns and diet composition of four myctophid (Benthosema glaciale, Ceratoscopelus maderensis, Myctophum punctatum, Notoscopelus elongatus) and two sternoptychid (Argyropelecus hemigymnus, Maurolicus muelleri) species from the Corinthian Gulf (Ionian Sea, Greece), sampled during pelagic trawl surveys in 2018 and 2019. Stomach vacuity was high for myctophids caught during daytime, a pattern which sternoptychids did not follow. Estimated trophic indices revealed high dietary diversity (Shannon’s H’ index) for most investigated species, but a narrow trophic niche breadth (Levins’ normalized Bn index). Copepods and various marine crustaceans were dominant in all diets, classifying them under the zooplanktivorous trophic guild, while A. hemigymnus exhibited high concentrations of particulate organic matter in their stomachs and N. elongatus exhibited consumption of fish. Diet overlap was significant among most studied mesopelagic species, as indicated by Shoener’s S index and confirmed by both the multidimensional scaling ordination and a hierarchical cluster analysis. Information on mesopelagic fishes’ diet composition in this poorly studied part of the Mediterranean is useful in further assessing and parameterizing marine food webs and midwater trophic interactions, as well as in quantifying the ensued energy transfer to top predators of commercial interest or conservation concerns.