bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term ecological and behavioural responses ofMediterranean ant speciesAphaenogaster gibbosa(Latr. 1798) to wildfire
Authors: Lázaro‐González Alba , Arnan Xavier , Boulay Raphael , Cerdá Xim , Rodrigo Anselm 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFire greatly affects plant and animal biodiversity. There is an extensive body of literature on the effects of fire on insect communities, in which a large variability of responses has been observed. Very few studies, however, have addressed functional responses at the species level, information that would greatly enhance our understanding of the impact of fire at higher organisational levels.The aim of this study is to analyse the short‐term ecological and behavioural responses of the Mediterranean antAphaenogaster gibbosato fire‐induced environmental changes. We compared aspects of the abiotic and biotic environment relevant to this species, as well as differences in colony foraging behaviour, on unburnt and burnt plots in a Mediterranean area that was affected by a wildfire.Our results showed that fire modified plant cover around nests and daily cycles of soil temperature close to the nest. Although there were no significant differences in food quantity, food quality (particularly seed composition) was different between unburnt and burnt plots.In accordance with these environmental changes, we found significant differences in the daily activity rhythms and diet composition ofA. gibbosabetween unburnt and burnt plots. Overall, these differences did not result in significant changes in overall foraging activity and efficiency, allowing ant colonies to maintain the same food intake regardless of the habitat they occupied.We conclude thatA. gibbosauses behavioural plasticity to modify its foraging strategy in recently burnt environments and thus survive post‐fire conditions.
Aquatic dermatology: encounters with the denizens of the deep (and not so deep) a review. Part I: the invertebrates
Authors: Ottuso Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAquatic dermatoses encompass a broad spectrum of cutaneous injuries. These injuries may present through contact with invertebrate organisms such as jellyfish, sea urchins, corals, and molluscs. Each organism is equipped with a unique method of causing harm to man, therefore a myriad of presenting signs and symptoms should be recognized in order to initiate treatment. Aquatic injuries are not limited to areas of the world where these species originate. With the advent of rapid world travel and the hobby of home aquariums, dermatologists play a key role in the early diagnosis and treatment of such injuries. The method of injury, including a discussion of organism identification will be presented. Additionally, treatment of injuries caused by aquatic life will follow.
Guidelines on the role of skin care in the management of mobile populations
Authors: Fuller Lucinda Claire , Hay Roderick , Morrone Aldo , Naafs Ben , Ryan Terence J. , Sethi Aisha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Task Force for Skin Care for All: Community Dermatology, when seeking to collate evidence for capacity to benefit, wanted to know how best to manage mobile populations. The task force met where there is most experience at a time of maximum migration to the Mediterranean islands and to Italy from Somalia, Sudan, Cote d’Ivoire, Tunisia, and Libya. Members attended the workshop hosted by Aldo Morrone at the San Gallicano Hospital, Rome, Italy. Issues discussed were the size of the problem, ethics and legality, potential value of the migrant, dermatologist as carer, challenges met by interpretation, good listening, and transcultural mediation. The experiences of the National Institute for Health Migration and Poverty at the San Gallicano Hospital in Rome, Ethiopia, Malta, and Lampedusa were key to the development of guidelines on cultural competence.
Multiple cores of Gleason score 6 correlate with favourable findings at radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ellis Carla L. , Walsh Patrick C. , Partin Alan W. , Epstein Jonathan I. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Previous studies have reported variable outcomes at radical prostatectomy (RP) with Gleason score 6 (GS6) on biopsy. It has been shown that a significant proportion of patients with GS6 disease at biopsy are upgraded to Gleason score 7 or higher after RP, increasing the risk of an adverse outcome. However, such studies have focused on clinical parameters such as PSA, prostate volume and biopsy cancer volume, in concert with GS6, to predict clinically significant upgrading.
The present study is the first to use a significant number of patients with the aim of specifically analyzing the outcome at RP (i.e. percentage organ‐confined, margin status, overall grade and biochemical recurrence) and making a direct correlation with the number of positive cores to show that the overall prognosis is favourable.
Objective
To establish whether the good prognosis of Gleason score 6 (GS6) is maintained in the setting of multiple involved cores.
Patients and Methods
In total, 6156 men (from 1 April 2000 to 30 April 2007) with GS6 on biopsy underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution.
The number of positive cores was correlated with the outcome at RP.
Results
More positive cores correlated with less organ‐confined disease (P < 0.001), positive margins (P < 0.012), increasing RP grade (P < 0.001) and increased seminal vesicles/lymph node involvement (P = 0.012).
For men with data available, the actuarial risk of being biochemically free of disease at 5 years was 93.2% when ≤6 cores were positive (812 men followed to 5 years) vs 89.1% if >6 cores were positive (41 men followed to 2 years) (P = 0.6).
Although the predicted ‘cure rate’ of >75% probability of a tumour showing no evidence of biochemical recurrence at 10 years after RP was statistically different between cases with ≤6 vs >6 positive cores (P < 0.0001), the outcome in both groups was still favourable (90.5% vs 84%).
Partin‐like tables were generated factoring in the number of positive cores to predict organ‐confined disease as a guide for urologists to perform nerve‐sparing surgery.
For example, with T1c disease, there was a ≥75% probability of organ‐confined disease with one to three positive cores regardless of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, and the same probability was present with four to six positive cores and a PSA level of 0–4 ng/mL.
Conclusion
A low Gleason score on biopsy is a powerful prognostic finding, such that this favourable outcome is maintained even in the setting of multiple positive cores with GS6.
Retracted: Many young men with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screen‐detected prostate cancers may be candidates for active surveillance
Authors: Kim Jeri , Ebertowski James , Janiga Matthew , Arzola Jorge , Gillespie Gayle , Fountain Michael , Soderdahl Douglas , Canby‐Hagino Edith , Elsamanoudi Sally , Gurski Jennifer , Davis John W. , Parker Patricia A. , Boyd Douglas D. 
Published: January 2013

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Little is known as to the potential for over‐treatment of young men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
We show that for men aged ≤55 years with PSA screen‐detected disease, 45% of the tumours are classified as very low risk and 85% of these have favourable pathology, yet most are actively treated. These findings raise the spectre of over‐treatment for a group of men likely to be affected by treatment side‐effects.
Objective
To identify a population of young men (aged <55 years at diagnosis) with very‐low‐risk prostate cancer (stage cT1c, with prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] density of <0.15 ng/mL/g, Gleason score ≤6, and ≤2 positive biopsy cores with <50% tumour involvement) that may be candidates for active surveillance (AS).
Patients and Methods
We queried a Department of Defense tumour registry and hard‐copy records for servicemen diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1987 to 2010.
Statistical analyses were undertaken using Fisher's exact and chi‐square testing.
Results
From 1987–1991 and 2007–2010, PSA screen‐detected tumours diagnosed in men aged ≤55 years rose >30‐fold.
Data for a subset of men (174) with PSA screen‐detected cancer were evaluable for disease risk assessment.
Of the 174 men with screen‐detected disease, 81 (47%) had very‐low‐risk disease.
Of that group, 96% (78/81) selected treatment and, of 57 men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), the tumours of 49 (86%) carried favourable pathology (organ confined, <10% gland involvement, Gleason ≤6).
Conclusions
Nearly half of young men with PSA screen‐detected prostate cancer are AS candidates but the overwhelming majority seek treatment.
Considering that many tumours show favourable pathology at RP, there is a possibility that these patients may benefit from AS management.
Prevalence of cusp 7 in permanent mandibular first molars in an Indian population: a comparative study of variations in occlusal morphology
Authors: Gupta Saurabh K. , Saxena Payal 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of cusp 7 in permanent mandibular first molars in an Indian population, and to comparatively evaluate the variations in occlusal morphology of these teeth, including the difference in the number of cusps and fissure patterns.MethodsA total of 1123 Indian participants from the Government College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, were selected for the study. For the analyses of cusp 6 and cusp 7 in permanent mandibular first molars, the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System was used. Groove patterns were analyzed and classified as Y, +, X, and Ұ.ResultsOf the 1123 individuals, 132 (11.75%) were found to have cusp 7, while 78 (6.95%) had cusp 6. Thus, a total of 210 participants had the six‐cusped mandibular first molars, 98 (8.73%) had the four‐cusped mandibular first molars, and two had the seven‐cusped variant. Overall, the most common fissure pattern was the Y pattern (50.36%), while the least common was the X pattern (1.25%). Mandibular first molars with cusp 7 demonstrated a highly significant (P < 0.05) dominance of the Ұ pattern (36.80%) over the Y (30.74%), + (27.71%), and X (4.46%) fissure patterns.ConclusionA significant prevalence of cusp 7 (11.25%) in permanent mandibular first molars was found in the present study in an Indian population.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite under several formulations on root canal dentin microhardness
Authors: Garcia Arturo J.A. , Kuga Milton C. , Palma‐Dibb Regina G. , Só Marcus V.R. , Matsumoto Mariza A. , Faria Gisele , Keine Kátia C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different formulations of sodium hypochlorite on the microhardness of root canal dentin in cervical and apical segments.MethodsTwenty‐four extracted human teeth had their roots sectioned along their long axes in a buccolingual direction. One half of each root was selected, and transversely sectioned resulting in two segments, cervical and apical, with similar lengths. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 16), according to the sodium hypochlorite formulation used: (a) group 1, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; (b) group 2, Chlor‐XTRA; and (c) group 3, 5.5% sodium hypochlorite gel. These groups were subdivided in two subgroups (n = 8): cervical and apical root segments. Before testing the substances, dentin microhardness was measured on each section, 100 μm from the root canal with a Knoop tester. After 15 min of application, a new measurement was performed on each segment. Data were collected and registered for statistical treatment.ResultsIn both segments, the substances reduced dentin microhardness. No differences were observed between the groups, independent of the analyzed segment (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAll substances reduced dentin microhardness. Chlor‐XTRA and 5.5% sodium hypochlorite gel promoted a reduction similar to the 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution.
Comparison of spironolactone and trichlormethiazide as add‐on therapy to renin–angiotensin blockade for reduction of albuminuria in diabetic patients
Authors: Hase Michiyo , Babazono Tetsuya , Ujihara Noriko , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo compare the efficacy of spironolactone and trichlormethiazide, as add‐on therapy to renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockade, for reduction of albuminuria in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), we conducted this randomized, open‐labeled, parallel‐group, active‐controlled, per‐protocol‐design study. Type 2 diabetic patients receiving an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, with persistent albuminuria (≥100 mg/g creatinine) were randomly assigned to either spironolactone (25 mg/day) or trichlormethiazide (2 mg/day). The primary outcome was the change in albuminuria at 24 weeks of treatment. In patients who completed 24 weeks of treatment with spironolactone (n = 18) and trichlormethiazide (n = 15), albuminuria decreased significantly by −57.6 ± 21.3% (SD) (P < 0.001) and −48.4 ± 27.1% (P < 0.001), respectively. There was no significant difference in the change in albuminuria between groups (P = 0.270). This pilot study suggests add‐on therapy with spironolactone or trichlormethiazide to RAS blockade may be comparably beneficial to reducing albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. This trial was registered with UMIN‐CTR (no. UMIN000008914).
The Unknown Profession: A Geriatrician
Authors: Campbell Jean Y. , Durso Samuel C. , Brandt Lynsey E. , Finucane Thomas E. , Abadir Peter M. 
Published: January 2013

The term “plastic surgeon” is oddly uninformative, although it seems likely that most people know what plastic surgeons do. How well can a sample of individuals encountered on the street describe what geriatricians do? To answer this question, we strolled through downtown Baltimore's Inner Harbor, armed with a video camera and picture identification cards to ask the following question: “What is a geriatrician?” Two of us (PA, JY), from the Johns Hopkins Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, surveyed a convenience sample of people aged 18–80. To further enhance this survey, a video of the interviews was produced (available in online version of article). We entered this exercise having recently joined the ranks of geriatricians—prepared to improve the health and quality of care of our elderly patients. Our naive excitement at entering this noble specialty was trampled by the reality that virtually no one we interviewed knew what a geriatrician was. Answers like, “somebody who works for Ben and Jerry's ice cream” were amusing but at the same time typical and sobering. This simple survey reveals a distressing gap in the public's knowledge of the field of geriatrics and the need for better understanding of its importance to public health and individual health. After all, if people do not know what a geriatrician is, how can they support the growth of geriatrics or seek care from us?
Recovering Feminist Criticism: Modern Women Writers and Feminist Periodical Studies
Authors: Green Barbara 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe new periodical studies offers material for those interested in feminist criticism and the study of the modernist woman writer (or those interested in early twentieth‐century women’s writing defined more broadly). Modern periodicals such as little magazines, women’s magazines, feminist papers, literary reviews give us access not only to understudied or little known modern women writers but also, in book reviews and critical essays, give us examples of a feminist literary criticism devoted to understanding the problem of the woman writer.
Reticulocyte count in red‐blood‐cell units stored in AS‐1
Authors: Urbina A. , Palomino F. 
Published: January 2013

Background and objectivesPrevious data that showed maintenance of reticulocyte percentage in whole blood stored in CPDA‐1 have led to the assumption that reticulocyte maturation becomes arrested during refrigerated storage. However, reticulocyte behaviour in red‐blood‐cell units stored in additive solutions has not yet been studied. This study was thus aimed at determining reticulocyte count and reticulocyte subtypes in red‐blood‐cells units stored in AS‐1.Materials and methodsReticulocyte percentage and subtypes were determined by flow cytometry with thiazole orange in six red‐blood‐cells units stored in AS‐1.ResultsReticulocyte count was 26·8 ± 4·6 × 109/l at week 0·5 and 8·2 ±2·9 × 109/l at week 6. Total haemolysis during storage was 0·19 ± 0·08%. High‐fluorescence reticulocytes were 2·0 ± 3·2 × 109/l at week 0·5 and decreased by weeks 2, 4 and 6. Low‐fluorescence reticulocytes were 22·1 ± 3·1 × 109/l at week 0·5 and decreased by weeks 4 and 6.ConclusionA significant decrease in reticulocytes occurred during red‐blood‐cells units’ storage in AS‐1. Even if it were assumed that all of haemolysed cells during storage were reticulocytes, there are a number of them whose disappearance cannot be explained by this mechanism. Changes observed in reticulocyte subtypes suggest that they mature during storage.
Pulmonary-renal syndrome: a life threatening but treatable condition
Authors: West Stephen C , Arulkumaran Nishkantha , Ind Philip W , Pusey Charles D 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Pulmonary renal syndrome (PRS) describes the occurrence of renal failure in association with respiratory failure, characterised by autoimmune-mediated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), respectively. PRS is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and prompt diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Prompt diagnosis of PRS requires a high index of suspicion, as clinical features are non-specific, and immunological testing aids the diagnosis in many cases. The diagnostic evaluation of DAH and RPGN is outlined in the context of the important differential diagnoses. The commonest causes of PRS include antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and antiglomerular basement membrane disease. As such, more emphasis has been placed on these two conditions in addition to an overview of the less common causes of PRS. We provide a practical review of the diagnostic evaluation, current treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of PRS for renal, respiratory and general physicians.
Prevalence and morbidity of urethralTrichomonas vaginalisin Japanese men with or without urethritis
Authors: Seike Kensaku , Maeda Shin-Ichi , Kubota Yasuaki , Tamaki Masayoshi , Yasuda Mitsuru , Deguchi Takashi 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTrichomonas vaginalisis one of the pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections. This microorganism is a common pathogen among women, but its significance as a cause of morbidity among men remains uncertain. We sought to determine the prevalence and morbidity ofT. vaginalisinfection in Japanese men with and without urethritis.MethodsWe examined urine specimens from 215 men with urethritis and 98 men without urethritis for the presence of urethralT. vaginalisby PCR assay.ResultsOnly four patients—one with gonococcal urethritis, one with non-gonococcal chlamydial urethritis, one with non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis and one without urethritis—were positive forT. vaginalis. The prevalence ofT. vaginaliswas 1.4% in men with urethritis and 1.0% in men without urethritis. A possible relation between the appearance ofT. vaginalisand clinical symptoms was not confirmed.ConclusionsIn the present study, the incidence of urethralT. vaginalisinfection appears to be rare in Japanese men with or without urethritis, andT. vaginalismay be an uncommon pathogen in male urethritis in Japan.
Molecular and phylogenetic studies on Pratylenchidae from Iran with additional data on Pratylenchus delattrei, Pratylenchoides alkani and two unknown species of Hirschmanniella and Pratylenchus
Authors: Majd Taheri Zahra , Majd Taheri Zahra , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Majd Taheri Zahra , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Subbotin Sergei A. , Majd Taheri Zahra , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Subbotin Sergei A. , Pourjam Ebrahim , Majd Taheri Zahra , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Subbotin Sergei A. , Pourjam Ebrahim , Eskandari Ali 
Published: January 2013

Thirteen species of Pratylenchidae: Pratylenchus coffeae, P. delattrei, P. loosi, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, P. pseudopratensis, P. thornei, P. vulnus, Pratylenchus sp., Pratylenchoides alkani, P. ritteri, Hirschmanniella sp. and Zygotylenchus guevarai were collected from different crops and plants throughout Iran. The specimens were identified using morphological and molecular methods. Morphometrics and morphology are given for Pratylenchus sp., P. delattrei, Pratylenchoides alkani and Hirschmanniella sp. The D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced for all 13 species studied. Diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profiles are given for Pratylenchus delattrei, P. penetrans, P. pseudopratensis, Pratylenchus sp., Pratylenchoides alkani and P. ritteri. Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei, collected from cereal fields, P. loosi from tea plantations, P. coffeae from banana, P. penetrans from ornamental plants, P. vulnus from pines and Z. guevarai from almonds showed a high level of similarity in the D2-D3 sequences with corresponding GenBank sequences. Nucleotide differences between Iranian populations and reference species were in the intraspecific range. Pratylenchus delattrei, found in vegetable fields, and Pratylenchus sp. from palm rhizosphere, formed a highly supported clade with P. zeae, the two former species being morphologically very close to the latter except in tail shape. Pratylenchus pseudopratensis, from cereal fields, clustered with P. vulnus with low support. Phylogenetic relationships within Pratylenchus species were mainly congruent with those obtained in previous studies. Despite the morphological similarities between P. ritteri and P. alkani, the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences differed by 5 bp. Hirschmanniella sp., from a rice field, formed a clade with H. loofi and H. kwazuna.
The Contested Sea: Regimes of Maritime Violence in the Pre-Modern Indian Ocean
Authors: Prange Sebastian R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Rulers on the Indian Ocean littoral are generally portrayed as having been uninterested in the pursuit of sea power until the coming of the Europeans. This article examines a series of case studies from this earlier period to argue that maritime violence had long been a part of expansionist political projects centered on the control of trade routes and coastal waters. In their sum, they show the Indian Ocean to have been an arena of active political competition and legal contestation, which were waged through private and semi-private agents commonly denoted as pirates.