bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public health nurses’ perception of their roles in relation to psychotropic drug use by adolescents: a phenomenographic study
Authors: Steffenak Anne Kjersti Myhrene , Nordström Gun , Hartz Ingeborg , Wilde‐Larsson Bodil 
Published: January 2015

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of the paper was to describe the perceptions of public health nurses’ roles in relation to psychotropic drug use by adolescents.BackgroundMental health problems among adolescents are documented with studies indicating an increased use of psychotropic drugs. In Norway, care for such adolescents may fall naturally into the remit of public health nurses.DesignA phenomenographic approach was used to analyse the data.MethodA qualitative interview study was made of 20 Norwegian public health nurses, strategically chosen using phenomenographic methodology.ResultsThe public health nurses described three categories: discovering public health nurses who become aware of psychotropic drug use in the health dialogue with adolescents and choose to either act or not act in relation to psychotropic drug use. Those public health nurses who take action are cooperating public health nurses, who cooperate with adolescents, their families, schools and others. If cooperation has been established, supporting public health nurses teach and support the adolescent in relation to psychotropic drug use.ConclusionThe public health nurses who do not act can hinder or delay further treatment. Public health nurses need to acquire knowledge about psychotropic drugs, to fulfil their role in nursing mental health problems among adolescents and the increasing use of psychotropic drugs.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results demonstrated that public health nurses, working in health centres and schools, have the responsibility and the opportunity to identify young people struggling with mental health problems and psychotropic drug use as well as teach and support significant others, e.g. parents and siblings. Intervention studies are needed with regard to health promotion programmes aimed at fortifying young people's mental health.
Dostoevsky and Freud: Autonomy and Addiction in Gambling
Authors: Kingma Sytze F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper the modern ideal of “autonomous” or “pure” gambling is put forward in an analysis of Dostoevsky's gambling behavior, his novel The Gambler (1866) and Freud's psychoanalysis of Dostoevsky. The significance of The Gambler lies in the way conceptions of gambling are related to the social conditions of gamblers. Furthermore, the author demonstrates that Dostoevsky and Freud express contradictory views on gambling addiction. While Dostoevsky primarily appreciated roulette as a means of making money, Freud mistakenly interpreted this as a “pathological passion”. In different ways, however, both approaches toward excessive gambling presuppose and reinforce “gambling‐for‐its‐own‐sake” – Le jeu pour le jeu.
Low Testosterone Has a Similar Prevalence among Men with Sexual Dysfunction Due to Either Peyronie's Disease or Erectile Dysfunction and Does Not Correlate with Peyronie's Disease Severity
Authors: Kirby E. Will , Verges Daniel , Matthews Jonathan , Carson Culley C. , Coward Robert M. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low testosterone (T) has been suggested as a risk factor for Peyronie's disease (PD) that may correlate with disease severity. Low T is common in men with sexual dysfunction but its role in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of low T (&lt;300 ng/dL) in patients presenting with PD or erectile dysfunction (ED), as well as disease severity between men with PD and either low T or normal T (≥300 ng/dL).

Methods
Retrospective review of 300 men with either PD or ED was conducted. Men were excluded for combined PD and ED, psychogenic ED, or prior T use. For men with PD, plaque size, degree of curvature, and surgical correction rate were compared.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures were (i) mean T levels in men with PD or ED and (ii) plaque size, degree of curvature, and surgical correction rates among men with PD and either low T or normal T.

Results
Eighty-seven men with PD and 98 men with ED were identified. Men with PD had mean total T and free T of 328 ng/dL and 11.5 ng/dL, while men with ED had mean levels of 332 ng/dL and 12.1 ng/dL, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). Of PD men, 52.9% had low T, compared with 45.9% of men with ED (P = 0.35). T levels did not correlate with plaque size or degree of curvature in the PD group (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Men with sexual dysfunction characterized by either PD or ED had similarly low T levels, and low T did not correlate with PD severity or surgical correction rate. The comparable prevalence of low T in men with PD or ED suggests the high rate of low T in PD men may be related to a common process among men with abnormal erectile physiology and not specifically causative in plaque formation.
The Impact of Disrupted Childhood Attachment on the Presentation of Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi P. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common form of male sexual dysfunction. Psychological factors play an important role in the onset and persistence of ED. Disturbed childhood attachment is a biologically and psychologically plausible predisposing factor for psychogenic ED that has not been systematically studied to date.

Aim
This study aims to assess the frequency and correlates of events associated with parental separation (actual or threatened) and loss in men with a diagnosis of psychogenic ED.

Methods
The case records of 46 men who presented to a clinic for psychosexual disorders in the period 2012–2013, and were diagnosed with psychogenic ED using a semi-structured interview schedule, were reviewed.

Results
Events causing actual or potential disturbed attachment (DA) in childhood were reported by 20 of 46 men with psychogenic ED (43.5%). This group of men (DA+) had an earlier age at onset of ED (median 25 vs. 29 years, P = 0.005), were more likely to be single (15/20 vs. 5/26 (χ2 = 14.307, P &lt; 0.001), reported sexual performance anxiety more frequently (12/20 vs. 7/26, χ2 = 5.101, P = 0.024), and were more likely to develop ED in the absence of a proximate stressor (4/20 vs. 15/26, P = 0.015). They also showed a trend toward being more likely to report guilt over early sexual experiences as a contributory factor (5/20 vs. 1/26, P = 0.072). In a binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of performance anxiety (B = 2.01, P = 0.023) and marital status (B = −2.85, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with events causing DA.

Conclusions
Disrupted childhood attachment was common in our sample of men with ED and is associated with significant differences in their clinical profile, particularly an earlier onset, a lower likelihood of being married, and higher rates of performance anxiety. This study highlights the need to consider early childhood experiences, particularly using an attachment theory framework, when examining the origins of psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
Morph‐specific differences in disease prevalence and pathogen‐induced mortality in a terrestrial polymorphic salamander
Authors: Venesky M. D. , Hess A. , DeMarchi J. A. , Weil A. , Murone J. , Hickerson C.‐A. M. , Anthony C. D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPolymorphic species provide an excellent system to study population divergence because different phenotypes often face diverse selection pressures within their shared environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that different color morphs of Plethodon cinereus (striped and unstriped), which vary in their degree of melanin‐based coloration, vary temporally in their seasonal activity and differ in metrics associated with stress physiology. Despite the known association between melanin‐based coloration and disease resistance among vertebrates, few studies have examined this relationship in amphibians. In a laboratory experiment, we exposed juvenile and adult P. cinereus to the pathogenic chytrid fungus [Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)] and tested the hypothesis that the different color morphs would differ in their response to Bd. If the degree of melanization is positively associated with immune traits in this species, we predicted that unstriped salamanders would be more resistant to Bd and would exhibit higher survival rates compared to striped salamanders. Our results suggest that unstriped salamanders have a higher prevalence of infection when they do not behaviorally avoid Bd. Unstriped salamanders also exhibited higher rates of Bd‐induced mortality compared to striped salamanders. These results conflict with our initial predictions and with general findings suggesting that individuals with higher levels of melanin production are more resistant to disease. Behavioral traits of the unstriped morph, including responses to predators and interactions with territorial opponents, may contribute to increased levels of stress and reduced resistance to infection. Future studies that directly manipulate glucocorticoid levels and/or temperature are needed to better understand the differences in Bd resistance in this species.
Marvell Studies Ten Years After the Longman Annotated English Poets Edition of Andrew Marvell's Poems
Authors: Smith Nigel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article is an account of how the Longman Annotated English Poets edition of Andrew Marvell's poems that came about after I was asked to provide editorial samples in 1988, prior to being approved as editor in 1990. The edition appeared in hardback in the spring of 2003 and then in a revised paperback in 2007. I explain the principles behind the edition, the help I was generously given by other scholars, and how its construction evolved in the context of 17th century studies in the 1990s and early 2000s, before moving on to its reception. I point to the significance of Marvell archival discoveries since my edition appeared, and future major Marvell projects, including editions of his poetry, prose and letters, and the context of scholarly collaboration in which those projects have developed and will be completed. I try above all to give a sense of what opportunities an extensively annotated edition of a major poet gives to the reader, to teaching and to further scholarship, in addition to significantly enhancing the status of Marvell himself and his verse.
Writing the Revival: The Intersections of Methodism and Literature in the Long 18th Century
Authors: McInelly Brett C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Methodist revival attracted as much negative press as it did converts during the 18th century – in religious polemic, satiric verse, prose fiction, and dramatic script; the Methodists themselves likewise produced a rich body of spiritual autobiography and sacred verse, mostly in the form of the Methodist hymnal. This essay offers a survey of the scholarship that addresses the textual culture surrounding the revival, including critical assessments of the literature produced by the Methodists, its impact on the movement and Methodist religiosity, as well as discussions of the anti‐Methodist literature and how it registered within Methodism and the larger society. The essay also considers studies that connect Methodism and its literature to literary and cultural developments during the period, including developments in drama, the novel, and the Culture of Sensibility.
TM6SF2 E167K variant is associated with severe steatosis in chronic hepatitis C, regardless of PNPLA3 polymorphism
Authors: Coppola Nicola , Rosa Zampino , Cirillo Grazia , Stanzione Maria , Macera Margherita , Boemio Adriana , Grandone Anna , Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Marrone Aldo , Adinolfi Luigi E. , Sagnelli Evangelista , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsA common non‐synonymous polymorphism, E167K, in transmembrane six superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) gene has been recently associated with an increased hepatic triglyceride content, dyslipidemia and liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients. We investigated possible associations between the TM6SF2 variants and liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C.Patients and Methods148 consecutive patients with biopsy proven anti‐HCV/HCV‐RNA‐positive chronic hepatitis, naive for antiviral therapy, were genotyped for TM6SF2 E167K and PNPLA3 I148M variants.ResultsThe score of liver steatosis was higher in the 18 patients with TM6SF2 E167K variant (mean 1.9 ± 1.3) than in the 130 homozygotes for TM6SF2 167E allele (1.1 ± 1.1, P = 0.02), and the prevalence of a steatosis score ≥ 3 was 33.3% vs. 12.3% respectively (P = 0.02). No difference in necroinflammatory or fibrosis scores was found between the two groups. A general linear model identified as independent predictors of steatosis TM6SF2 E167K and PNPLA3 M148M variants and waist circumference (P = 0.0376, P = 0.0069 and P = 0.0273 respectively).ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration that TM6SF2 E167K variant is an independent predictor of liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C.
Genetic evidence for ecological divergence in kokanee salmon
Authors: Lemay Matthew A. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe evolution of locally adapted phenotypes among populations that experience divergent selective pressures is a central mechanism for generating and maintaining biodiversity. Recently, the advent of high‐throughput DNA sequencing technology has provided tools for investigating the genetic basis of this process in natural populations of nonmodel organisms. Kokanee, the freshwater form of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), occurs as two reproductive ecotypes, which differ in spawning habitat (tributaries vs. shorelines); however, outside of the spawning season the two ecotypes co‐occur in many lakes and lack diagnostic morphological characteristics. We used restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to identify 6145 SNPs and genotype kokanee from multiple spawning sites in Okanagan Lake (British Columbia, Canada). Outlier tests revealed 18 loci putatively under divergent selection between ecotypes, all of which exhibited temporally stable allele frequencies within ecotypes. Six outliers were annotated to sequences in the NCBI database, two of which matched genes associated with early development. There was no evidence for neutral genetic differentiation; however, outlier loci demonstrated significant structure with respect to ecotype and had high assignment accuracy in mixed composition simulations. The absence of neutral structure combined with a small number of highly divergent outlier loci is consistent with theoretical predictions for the early stages of ecological divergence. These outlier loci were then applied to a realistic fisheries scenario in which additional RAD sequencing was used to genotype kokanee collected by trawl in Okanagan Lake, providing preliminary evidence that this approach may be an effective tool for conservation and management.
Regulation of Streptococcus mutans PTSBio by the transcriptional repressor NigR
Authors: Vujanac M. , Iyer V.S. , Sengupta M. , Ajdic D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryStreptococcus mutans is implicated in human dental caries, and the carbohydrate metabolism of this organism plays an important role in the formation of this disease. Carbohydrate transport and metabolism are essential for the survival of S. mutans in the oral cavity. It is known that a unique phosphoenolpyruvate‐sugar phosphotransferase system PTSBio of S. mutans UA159 is expressed in sucrose‐grown biofilms (Mol Oral Microbiol 28: 2013; 114). In this study we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the operon (OBio) encoding the PTSBio and showed that it was repressed by NigR, a LacI‐like transcriptional regulator. Using electro‐mobility shift assay, we described two operators to which NigR bound with different affinities. We also identified the transcriptional start site and showed that one of the operators overlaps with the promoter and presumably represses initiation of transcription. Mutational analyses revealed the key nucleotides in the operators required for high‐affinity binding of NigR. PTSBio is expressed in S. mutans biofilms so understanding its regulation may provide improved strategies for caries treatment and prevention.
Introduction of chemically labile substructures into Arabidopsis lignin through the use of LigD, the Cα‐dehydrogenase from Sphingobium sp. strain SYK‐6
Authors: Tsuji Yukiko , Vanholme Ruben , Tobimatsu Yuki , Ishikawa Yasuyuki , Foster Clifton E. , Kamimura Naofumi , Hishiyama Shojiro , Hashimoto Saki , Shino Amiu , Hara Hirofumi , Sato‐Izawa Kanna , Oyarce Paula , Goeminne Geert , Morreel Kris , Kikuchi Jun , Takano Toshiyuki , Fukuda Masao , Katayama Yoshihiro , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John , Masai Eiji , Kajita Shinya 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBacteria‐derived enzymes that can modify specific lignin substructures are potential targets to engineer plants for better biomass processability. The Gram‐negative bacterium Sphingobium sp. SYK‐6 possesses a Cα‐dehydrogenase (LigD) enzyme that has been shown to oxidize the α‐hydroxy functionalities in β–O–4‐linked dimers into α‐keto analogues that are more chemically labile. Here, we show that recombinant LigD can oxidize an even wider range of β–O–4‐linked dimers and oligomers, including the genuine dilignols, guaiacylglycerol‐β‐coniferyl alcohol ether and syringylglycerol‐β‐sinapyl alcohol ether. We explored the possibility of using LigD for biosynthetically engineering lignin by expressing the codon‐optimized ligD gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ligD cDNA, with or without a signal peptide for apoplast targeting, has been successfully expressed, and LigD activity could be detected in the extracts of the transgenic plants. UPLC‐MS/MS‐based metabolite profiling indicated that levels of oxidized guaiacyl (G) β–O–4‐coupled dilignols and analogues were significantly elevated in the LigD transgenic plants regardless of the signal peptide attachment to LigD. In parallel, 2D NMR analysis revealed a 2.1‐ to 2.8‐fold increased level of G‐type α‐keto‐β–O–4 linkages in cellulolytic enzyme lignins isolated from the stem cell walls of the LigD transgenic plants, indicating that the transformation was capable of altering lignin structure in the desired manner.
The social regulation of affect and self‐esteem among opiate‐dependent adults
Authors: LAKEY BRIAN , RHODES GARY 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study extends basic theory and research on the social regulation of affect and thought to opiate‐dependent adults. Inner‐city, opiate‐dependent adults rated the supportiveness of, and conflict with, each of four support providers, and rated affect and self‐esteem experienced with each. This permitted the isolation of trait‐like aspects of these constructs (i.e., stable across providers) from their socially influenced aspects (i.e., varied across providers). Affect and self‐esteem were strongly socially influenced and such influences were as strong as trait‐like individual differences. Providers who elicited unpleasant affect and low self‐esteem in recipients were viewed as unsupportive and as eliciting conflict. Findings were virtually identical to research on students, suggesting broadly generalizable social processes in the regulation of affect and thought.
Divorce and personality development across middle adulthood
Authors: ALLEMAND MATHIAS , HILL PATRICK L. , LEHMANN REGULA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study tested whether divorce helps explain individual differences in personality development in the years that follow a divorce. The sample consisted of 526 middle‐aged adults aged 42–46 years at the beginning. Personality traits were measured using the NEO‐Five‐Factor Inventory at three measurement occasions over 12 years. First, personality development was characterized by individual differences in change. Second, those individuals who experienced a divorce showed a decrease in extraversion and positive affect over time although nondivorced individuals did not change on these traits. Third, divorce was associated with a decrease in dependability. Fourth, divorce was associated with a decrease in orderliness for individuals who were remarried. The results of this study indicated that divorce had little influence on personality development.
Secretariat Influence on Overlap Management Politics in North America: NAFTA and the Commission for Environmental Cooperation
Authors: Jinnah Sikina , Lindsay Abby 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines how overlap between trade and environmental issues are managed under the North American Free Trade Agreement, and specifically the role that the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) Secretariat plays in this process. We demonstrate how the CEC Secretariat has influenced trade–environment politics, primarily through knowledge brokering in ways that build state capacity to collaborate across borders on trade‐environment issues. Specifically, we demonstrate how the Secretariat has influenced decisions related to budget allocations, cooperative activities between member states, the creation of new institutions, and evaluating allegations of parties' failures to enforce environmental laws. Moreover, we argue that this case raises important questions concerning the appropriate role of secretariats in international politics and has important policy implications with several new secretariats currently being set up under the burgeoning number of regional trade agreements under negotiation by the United States and many others.
Interagency Trust and Communication in the Transboundary Governance of Pacific Salmon Fisheries
Authors: Temby Owen , Rastogi Archi , Sandall Jean , Cooksey Ray , Hickey Gordon M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe transboundary governance of Pacific salmon fisheries requires interactions between institutions that can enable collective action, collaboration, and continuous learning. However, relatively little is known concerning how civil servants in different institutions and jurisdictions interact with each other within transboundary policy settings. In this paper, we explore the interactions of civil servants from agencies in five jurisdictions: United States (federal), Canada (federal), British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska, to assess the extent to which they interact within the Pacific salmon policy network and also the social capital (i.e., formal and informal communication and trust) present among these working relationships. Our results reveal patchy patterns of interagency communication, and relatively low levels of interagency trust between jurisdictions, suggesting the potential for improved collaboration on Pacific salmon governance. Our analysis also revealed that the binational Pacific Salmon Commission had the highest levels of trust within the network, suggesting it is likely well placed to foster collaboration.