bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism in patients affected with pituitary incidentaloma
Authors: Toini A , Dolci A , Ferrante E , Verrua E , Malchiodi E , Sala E , Lania A G , Chiodini I , Beck-Peccoz P , Arosio M , Spada A , Mantovani G 
Published: February 2015

ContextPituitary incidentalomas (PIs) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The management of these asymptomatic pituitary lesions is still controversial. Systematic screening for subclinical or mild ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism (AH) is not presently recommended, due to the limited data available thus far on the epidemiological and clinical relevance of this condition in patients with PIs. As subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) was considered to be associated with chronic complications of overt cortisol excess, such as hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis, this disorder should be diagnosed at the early stage.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypercortisolism in a population of subjects with PIs.Design, subjects, and methodsA total of 68 consecutive patients (48 females and 20 males, aged 18–82 years) without clinically overt hypercortisolism, who were referred for evaluation of PIs between January 2010 and March 2013, were prospectively investigated for AH. Pituitary hypercortisolism was diagnosed in the presence of cortisol >50 nmol/l after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, non-suppressed ACTH, and the additional finding of one of the following: urinary free cortisol (UFC) >193 nmol/24 h, and midnight serum and salivary cortisol levels >207 and 2.8 nmol/l respectively.ResultsAmong patients with PIs, we found a 7.3% rate of pituitary hypercortisolism diagnosed with biochemical criteria and a 4.4% rate of histologically confirmed AH.ConclusionsSubclinical or mild hypercortisolism may be more common than generally perceived in patients with PIs.
Cambios morfológicos en gametos del barbo tigre Puntius tetrazona (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) e implementación de la fertilización in vitro
Authors: Domínguez-Castanedo Omar , Toledano-Olivares Ángel , Martínez-Espinosa David , Ávalos-Rodríguez Alejandro 
Published: February 2015

The production of ornamental fishes represents an economic activity of a growing number of Mexican families. Nevertheless, the reproduction of fish in captivity is one of the complications faced by farmers. This study was set up to: (i) evaluate the morphological and functional changes induced by hydration in the gametes of fish tiger barb (<em>Puntius tetrazona</em>; 240 samples) at tree times after hydration (10, 20 and 30s) with classic spermograms (volume, sperm concentration, viability, motility, and normal morphology); and (ii) evaluate the implementation of <em>in vitro </em>fertilization based on the ovulation rate, the percentage of fertilization and hatching, and the larval numbers obtained after 72 hours. The average volume of milt was 3.0±0.7μL, and the minimum, maximum and average concentration of sperm was 44.4x10<sup>6</sup> spz/mL, 52.3x10<sup>6</sup>spz/mL, and 48.1±5.9x10<sup>6</sup>spz/mL, respectively. The viability and motility of the sperm was 84.6±3.2% and 81.5±2.2%, respectively. The diameter of the sperm with/without water contact was 2.1±0.6μm and 3.8±1.0μm (p&lt;0.05); the largest diameter was recorded 30 seconds after the contact with water. For oocytes, the smaller and larger diameters were recorded at 10 and 30s, respectively (both with/without water contact); the oocytes diameters after 10 and 30 seconds of contact with water were 1.11 and 1.55mm, respectively. A higher ovulation rate was recorded using the <em>in vitro </em>fertilization: 250±50 oocytes versus 28±09 oocytes (during natural fertilization; p&lt;0.05). Nevertheless, fertilization and hatching rates were higher for the natural fertilization (80 and 60%, respectively). Considering the number of larvae obtained after 72 hours, our results showed a higher value for the <em>in vitro</em> fertilization (75±18 compared to 13.4±12 of the natural fertilization; p&lt;0.05). We propose this fish as a model for other ornamental fishes of commercial interest. Our results demonstrate that the <em>in vitro</em> fertilization is a very high viable option to optimize and maximize resources; besides, the reproduction management optimization under controlled conditions may enhance wild fish stocks preservation.
Mitigación de daños provocados por fauna silvestre en cultivos agrícolas en un bosque montano de Bolivia
Authors: Pérez L. Eddy , Pacheco Luis F. 
Published: February 2015

<p>Wildlife is often blamed for causing damage to human activities, including agricultural practices and the result may be a conflict between human interests and species conservation. A formal assessment of the magnitude of damage is necessary to adequately conduct management practices and an assessment of the efficiency of different management practices, is necessary to enable managers to mitigate the conflict with rural people. This study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural management practices and controlled hunting in reducing damage to subsistence annual crops at the Cotapata National Park and Natural Area of Integrated Management. The design included seven fields with modified agricultural practices, four fields subjected to control hunting, and five fields held as controls. We registered cultivar type, density, frequency of visiting species to the field, crops lost to wildlife, species responsible for damage, and crop biomass. Most frequent species in the fields were <em>Dasyprocta punctata</em> and <em>Dasypus novemcinctus</em>. Hunted plots were visited 1.6 times more frequently than agriculturally managed plots. Crop lost to wildlife averaged 7.28% at agriculturally managed plots, 4.59% in plots subjected to hunting, and 27.61% in control plots. Species mainly responsible for damage were <em>Pecari tajacu</em>, <em>D. punctata, </em>and <em>Sapajus apella</em>. We concluded that both management strategies were effective to reduce damage by &gt;50% as compared to unmanaged crop plots.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Morphological and micromorphological characteristics of Desmodium fruits (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)
Authors: Freitas Daiane M. , Reis Ademir , Da Costa Bortoluzzi Roseli L. , Santos Marisa 
Published: February 2015

<p>El género <em>Desmodium</em> está representado en Santa Catarina, Brasil, por 13 especies, todas con frutos lomentaceos. Los lomentos han tenido variación en forma, tamaño y características del margen del istmo, y la superficie es glabra o cubierta por tricomas de diferentes tipos. La diversidad morfológica de los tricomas se vuelve particularmente relevante para la descripción taxonómica. Los tipos de tricomas presentes en la superficie de los frutos<em> Desmodium</em>, proporcionan datos para la identificación y clasificación de las especies en el Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Tres frutos de cada especie fueron recogidos y depositados en el Herbario (HBR y FLOR, Santa Catarina, Brasil). Algunas muestras fueron rehidratadas y examinadas usando microscopía de luz (LM), las secciones fueron expuestas a los siguientes reactivos histoquímicos: Sudan III para los aceites y Tionina para mucílago. Los aspectos estructurales de los tricomas se pueden clasificar en uni o multicelulares y pueden todavía ser simples, es decir, no glandular o glandular. Por medio del uso de la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), cinco tipos de tricomas se han identificado y analizado entre las especies de <em>Desmodium </em>estudiadas: uncinado, uniseriado, globoso multicelular, globoso unicelular y subulado. Características como el margen del lomento y la forma del artículo, indumento glabrescente o piloso, tipo de tricomas con o sin células epidérmicas papilosas, y estrías epicuticulares mostraron valor de diagnóstico relevante. La clave de identificación fue desarrollada para especies de <em>Desmodium</em> del Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, basado en caracteres macro y micromorfológicos del fruto.</p><p> </p>
Área de distribución geográfica potencial de las especies de aves psitácidas de la Península de Yucatán, México
Authors: Plasencia Vázquez Alexis Herminio , Escalona Segura Griselda 
Published: February 2015

<p>La familia Psittacidae es una de las más amenazadas en México y los hábitats donde se distribuyen desaparecen. En este estudio se caracterizó la cobertura del suelo del área de distribución geográfica potencial de las ocho especies de psitácidos presentes en la Península de Yucatán. Se utilizó el algoritmo de Máxima Entropía (MaxEnt) y registros históricos de las especies. Para validar externamente los modelos se utilizaron registros de presencia y ausencia tomados en campo (2010-2012). Para caracterizar el área de distribución se utilizó la carta de uso de suelo y vegetación Serie IV de INEGI (2007-2010). Los modelos tuvieron un buen desempeño, de acuerdo a los valores del área bajo la curva (AUC), que oscilaron entre 0.88-0.95 con los datos de entrenamiento y entre 0.82-0.91 con los de prueba. Se localizó a la mayoría de las especies en los sitios donde los modelos predecían presencia. Más del 76% del área de distribución geográfica potencial de los psitácidos en la Península está ocupada por selva, excepto para <em>Amazona oratrix</em>. La selva mediana subperennifolia es la mejor representada en las áreas de distribución y de los usos de suelo el mejor representado es el pecuario. La especies más afectadas dentro de la Península son: <em>Amazona</em><em> farinosa</em> y <em>A. oratrix</em>. La Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul es la más importante para la protección de los psitácidos en la Península. El conocimiento de las características de las áreas de distribución es parte fundamental en el establecimiento de estrategias de conservación de los psitácidos.</p><p> </p>
Implementación de la bioética en la enseñanza de enfermería
Authors: Leiva Díaz Viriam , Villalobos Núñez Beatriz 
Published: February 2015

Antecedentes: el objetivo de este artículo consiste en presentar los resultados tras analizar la descripción de los cursos propios que pertenecen al plan de estudios del Programa de Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica.Método: se desarrolló una investigación bibliográfica, documental, archivista, en la que se analizó 27 cursos de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería, de los cuales se extrajo, por medio de una matriz elaborada para ese fin, aspectos que reflejaran implícita o explícitamente los Derechos Humanos y la bioética.Resultado: se destaca la práctica de la no maleficencia y la beneficencia en los valores de Derechos Humanos identificados, así como otros que reflejan el principio de justicia; el ethos presente es el altruista. Desde la teoría de la ética del cuidado, se distingue las perspectivas I y II propuestas por Gilligan, aparte de ­la bioética social.Conclusión: en los sylabus de los cursos se describen valores fundamentales que están basados en los principios de la no maleficencia y la beneficencia. No queda clara la forma en que éstos se trabajan en el proceso de aprendizaje- enseñanza.
Inclusion of Aging in Rehabilitation Counseling Journals 2000–2012: A Content Analysis
Authors: Kettaneh Amani A. , Kinyanjui Benson , Slevin John R. , Slevin Barbara , Harley Debra A. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:To conduct a content analysis of the rehabilitation counseling literature to identify articles published on aging.Method:To determine the number of articles that were published on aging in rehabilitation counseling journals, a content analysis of articles from 2000 through 2012 was performed. For purposes of this review, only full-length, peer-reviewed articles (i.e., research studies, literature reviews, and program descriptions) with abstracts were included for analysis.Results:The prevalence of articles addressing aging in the mainstream rehabilitation counseling literature is limited over a 13-year period. Since 2000, only 24 (l.3 %) articles in rehabilitation journals account for content on aging.Conclusion:Several facts are clear regarding older individuals, including their increased life expectancy, extended stay in the workplace, and living with a disability. Given those realities, the field of rehabilitation counseling must be poised to respond with evidence-based research to address the needs and demands of the aging population with disabilities in the workplace, around quality of life issues, and within a sociopolitical context of globalization.
Improving Oil Separation From Produced Water Using new Compact Flotation Unit Design
Authors: Maelum M. , Rabe K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Produced Water Treatment (PWT) technologies have evolved significantly over the past 15 years. In 2001, the first Compact Flotation Unit (CFU) was introduced to the oil and gas industry on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Today, this well-proven technology, which separates residual oil from produced water (PW), operates worldwide. CFUs function either in the facility's PW train as a final step downstream from a separator in various configurations, or as a standalone treatment system in the slop/reject treatment process system.
Our analysis shows that it is possible to substantially improve conventional CFU oil separation performance. A portion of small gas bubbles that have been in contact with oil droplets will never rise to the top of the CFU vessel due to countercurrent water flow. Instead, they exit at the bottom of the unit. Removing a larger portion of these small bubbles in flotation technology will achieve an additional decrease of oil-in-water (OiW). Because of their high surface-to-volume ratio, removing small gas bubbles helps move more oil away from the PW discharge.
Schlumberger development of next-generation CFU technology included theoretical study, benchmark lab testing and field trials. To improve separation efficiency, we implemented several new internal designs within the same external CFU size and design, and analyzed them in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. For manufacturing and further lab- and field-testing, we selected a final design that considerably improved oil-separation efficiency. The new technology delivers two-stage oil separation in a single vessel. Each stage uses a different mechanism to improve oil separation.
Results from lab testing show that the new CFU increases oil-separation efficiency up to 45% compared with existing technology. Key benefits of the new design include: Less impact on the environment through improved OIW discharge figuresLower skid weight through fewer vessels (one instead of two)Reduced facility footprint through smaller skid sizeRetrofittable technology
We based the new CFU design on CFD analysis, testing in a PW flow loop, and an offshore field trial which also verified better oil separation performance. Results from the field trial indicated the new CFU improved performance 27 % compared with conventional technology. This was achieved while maintaining the outer CFU dimensions and design.
Consequences of Big Data and Formalization on Accounting and Auditing Standards
Authors: Krahel John Peter , Titera William R. 
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS
Accounting and auditing standards help manage a compromise between users' desire for more information and the costs to prepare and transmit that information. Previously forced to manage a paucity of information, businesses now look to capitalize upon the massive volumes of data and metadata that fill petabytes of space in their servers. Likewise, data from many sources and in many forms, many of which are irrelevant, inundate investors. Accounting and auditing standards have not kept pace, maintaining an emphasis on presentation, aggregation, and sampling. This essay argues that a change in standards to focus on data, the processes that generate them, and their analysis, rather than their presentation, will add value and relevance to the accounting profession, empower end users, and improve the efficiency of the capital markets.
New Species in the Hungarian Avifauna in 2013
Authors: Hadarics Tibor 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three new species appeared in the Hungarian avifauna in 2013: the Black-throated Thrush, the Booted Warbler and the Caspian Plover. A Black-throated Thrush stayed at the Nagyerdõ, Debrecen between the 1st and 12th of March. A Booted Warbler was trapped and ringed at the Hortobágy Fishpond on the 25th of May. Finally, a Caspian Plover was observed near Kardoskút on the 15-17th of November. Thus the number of bird species known to occur in Hungary has increased to 409.
Usefulness of the assessment of discharge accumulation in the lower airways and tracheal septum thickening in the differential diagnosis of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in the horse
Authors: Wysocka B. , Kluciński W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to use endoscopic evaluation to compare the grade of accumulation of discharge in the lower airways of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD), and to estimate the usefulness of endoscopic evaluation in differential diagnosis of these diseases. Endoscopic evaluation consists of: the amount of discharge in the lower part of the trachea and tracheal bifurcation, and the assessment of tracheal septum thickness. This study was performed on 248 horses, 10 were healthy, 97 were diagnosed as RAO, and 141 were diagnosed as IAD. In all animals both a clinical and endoscopic examination were performed. During endoscopy, a score of mucus accumulation was estimated in 3/4 lower of the trachea and in the tracheal bifurcation. In addition to this, thickening of the tracheal septum was also assessed. According to the results of this study, it was estimated that the accumulation of mucus in the lower airways was much more advanced in RAO horses compared to horses with IAD. In horses with RAO there was a marked thickening of the tracheal septum compared to IAD horses. The results indicate the efficacy of scoring the amount of mucus in the tracheal lumen and tracheal bifurcation, as well as the efficacy of the assessment of tracheal septum thickness in the diagnosis of these diseases
Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in growing male turkeys
Authors: Tykałowski B. , Śmiałek M. , Pestka D. , Stenzel T. , Jankowski J. , Mikulski D. , Koncicki A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole wheat feeding on selected parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in growing turkeys. A total of 210 one-day-old heavy-type Hybrid Converter male turkeys were randomly divided into three different dietary treatment groups, each consisting of 7 replicate pens of 10 birds per pen. Until 4 wk of age, all birds were fed a commercial diet formulated to meet nutrient requirements. From 5 to 12 wk of age, diets were composed of wheat (ground-pelleted or whole grain) and protein-fat-mineral-vitamin concentrate. The total wheat concentration in diets was 500 or 600 g/kg in the feeding periods of 5-8 and 9-12 wk of birds’ age, respectively. Whole grain wheat had a 0, 50 or 100% share of the total wheat amount in the daily ration in treatment groups W0, W50 or W100, respectively. Commercial vaccines against ND (Newcastle disease) and TRT (Turkey rhinotracheitis) were administered to turkeys via the drinking water on days 20 and 30, respectively. Over the entire experiment, a significant linear decrease was observed in body weight gains (BWG) with increasing dietary levels of whole grain wheat. As a result the BWG of control turkeys (W0) were significantly higher than the BWG of group W100 birds (P = 0.002). A significant linear increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed with increasing dietary levels of whole grain wheat (P < 0.001). The levels of antibodies against TRT and ND viruses after immunization were significantly higher in both the W50 and W100 group, in comparison to group W0 (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Turkeys from group W50, in comparison to those from groups W0 and W100, had a significantly higher percentage of CD4+ T cell subpopulation within the lymphocytes isolated from blood and ileal mucosa, as well as CD4+ CD8+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations within the blood immunocompetent cells (P = 0.022, P = 0.029, P = 0.009 and P = 0.011, respectively). In the cecal tonsils, the percentage of CD8+ T cell subpopulation was significantly lower in group W50 than in groups W0 and W100 (P = 0.014). The results of our study indicate that diluting diets with whole grain wheat stimulates the non-specific cell-mediated defense mechanisms of the gastrointestinal immune system in turkeys, thus positively affecting humoral response after vaccination
The effect of Biolex-MB40 on the phagocytic activity and oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in lambs
Authors: Wójcik R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of Biolex-MB40 on the phagocytic activity and oxidative metabolism of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes in lambs. The experimental material comprised 32 lambs aged 30 ± 3 days, divided into two equal groups: control and experimental. Experimental group animals were fed a diet supplemented with the Biolex-MB40 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the amount of 3 g/kg of the concentrate. At the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and on experimental days 15, 30 and 60, blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine and compare the phagocytic activity (PHAGOTEST) and oxidative metabolism (BURSTTEST) of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry. Based on the results of an analysis of granulocyte and monocyte phagocytic activity, statistically higher levels of phagocytic activity were observed in the group of lambs administered Biolex-MB40 than in the control animals, expressed in terms of the percentage of phagocytic cells as well as mean fluorescence intensity. Biolex-MB40 also had a positive effect on the oxidative metabolism of both granulocytes and monocytes after stimulation with Escherichia coli bacteria and with PMA (4-phorbol-12-β-myristate-13-acetate), expressed in terms of the percentage of oxidative metabolism as well as mean fluorescence intensity
Motility activity, slime production, biofilm formation and genetic typing by ERIC-PCR for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from bovine and other sources (human and environment)
Authors: Wolska K. , Szweda P. , Lada K. , Rytel E. , Gucwa K. , Kot B. , Piechota M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe molecular-typing strategy, ERIC-PCR was used in an attempt to determine the genomic relationship of 28 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from faeces of healthy bovine, bovine mastitis and from faeces of hospital patients as well as from environment. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting revealed large molecular differentiation within this group of isolates. Twenty two out of 28 strains tested generated unique patterns of DNA bands and only three genotypes consisted of two isolates each were identified. We also tested the P. aeruginosa isolates for their ability to form a biofilm on abiotic surfaces including polyvinylchloride and polystyrene. Different biofilm-forming abilities were demonstrated among strains; however, most of them (64.3%) showed moderate-biofilm forming ability. The strains with increased swimming and twitching motility displayed elevated biofilm formation. However, a negative correlation was found between slime and initial biofilm production. On the basis of the results obtained, we suggest that there are no major differences in phenotypic properties between P. aeruginosa strains isolated from different sources