bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of poly(1‐oxodimethylene) via oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with a hydrogen peroxide/hydrobromic acid system and metal complexation behavior of poly(1‐oxodimethylene)
Authors: Kinemuchi Haruki , Ochiai Bungo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPoly(1‐oxodimethylene) was synthesized via oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with a hydrogen peroxide/hydrobromic acid system. The content of the carbonyl groups in poly(1‐oxodimethylene) depended on the amount of water added, and lower amounts of water were suitable for efficient oxidation due to higher acidity of the reaction system. The highest content of carbonyl groups was estimated to be above 88% by the titration with hydrazine that reacted with the carbonyl groups in poly(1‐oxodimethylene). The obtained poly(1‐oxodimethylene) complexed with Cu and Ni ions under basic conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2598–2605
Physical activity and psychosocial benefits among breast cancer patients
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M. , Dunsiger Shira , Waldemore Marissa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivePhysical activity (PA) has been shown to provide health benefits for breast cancer patients. The effects of augmenting oncology healthcare provider (HCP) advice for PA with 3 months of telephone counseling versus contact control were evaluated in a randomized trial. Our goal in this secondary analysis was to examine the amount of PA (min/week) needed for psychosocial benefits among both groups.MethodsAfter receiving brief HCP advice to become physically active, 192 women (age in years: mean = 60.0, SD = 9.9) who had completed treatment for Stage 0–IV breast cancer were randomized to telephone counseling to support PA (n = 106) or contact control (n = 86). Their PA, fatigue, physical functioning, and quality of life were assessed at baseline (before receiving HCP advice), 3, 6, and 12 months. A non‐randomized design was used to examine the dose–response relationship between PA and psychosocial outcomes.ResultsExercising for at least 150 min/week at moderate intensity was associated with improved physical functioning (b = 5.9, SE = 2.9, p = 0.04) and quality of life (b = 3.6, SE = 1.9, p = 0.05) at 3 months. These relationships were not found at 6 and 12 months (p's > 0.05). However, women who reported at least 150 min/week of PA at both 3 and 6 months had significantly reduced fatigue (b = 1.3, SE = 0.7, p = 0.05) and improved physical functioning (b = 3.1, SE = 1.3, p = 0.02) and quality of life (b = 2.0, SE = 0.9, p = 0.02) compared with women who did not meet this criterion.ConclusionWomen who exercised at recommended levels (at least 150 min/week) and sustained this level of activity for at least 6 months accrued psychosocial benefits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of defect‐related light emission in oxidized silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Falconieri Mauro , Trave Enrico , D'Amato Rosaria , Borsella Elisabetta 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLuminescence from surface oxidized silicon nanocrystals (Si‐nc) is an intriguing phenomenon with great potential for applications. Full consensus on the source of optical emission is not yet reached despite the huge research effort devoted to this topic. In this paper we report new evidence supporting a defect‐related emission mechanism. In particular we propose a defect‐based model to interpret the photoluminescence (PL) emission from partially oxidized Si‐nc after thermal annealing in air. The PL emission is first studied in the time‐dependent regime, using an approach based on discrete light‐emitters. The results of this analysis are then exploited for elucidation of continuous wave (CW) data. Using our model the dependence of the PL emission spectrum on the excitation power and the shortening of the time decays at increasing pump power can be explained in terms of the different saturation behavior of luminescent defects. Moreover a rate equation approach for the coupled system composed by the Si‐nc core and the associated luminescent defects is used to interpret the luminescence rise‐time data under pulsed excitation. In this way the consistency of our picture is verified. Attribution of luminescent defects to non‐bridging hole centers combined with oxygen vacancies in the oxide layer capping the Si‐nc allows for a preliminary understanding of the increase of luminescence emission intensity and of the variation of its spectral features with the thermal annealing conditions.
Magnetically controllable resonance splitting in a unidirectional waveguide system with coupled cavities
Authors: Tao Keyu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA resonance splitting effect is investigated in a system composed of two cavities coupled by two unidirectional waveguides. Both theoretical analysis and numerical calculations demonstrate that the resonance splitting (indicating a coupling between the cavities) is independent of the phase shift between the cavities, which is in contrast to previous research where reciprocal waveguides are used. Moreover, this splitting can be tunable by an external magnetic field. Our findings offer a possibility to realize effective coupling between remote on‐chip resonators, which is highly demanded in the next‐generation photonic circuits.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of stacking faults for the formation of shunts during potential‐induced degradation of crystalline Si solar cells
Authors: Naumann Volker , Lausch Dominik , Graff Andreas , Werner Martina , Swatek Sina , Bauer Jan , Hähnel Angelika , Breitenstein Otwin , Großer Stephan , Bagdahn Jörg , Hagendorf Christian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMono‐ and multicrystalline solar cells have been stressed by potential‐induced degradation (PID). Cell pieces with PID‐shunts are imaged by SEM using the EBIC technique in plan view as well as after FIB cross‐section preparation. A linear shaped signature is found in plan‐view EBIC images at every potential‐induced shunt position on both mono‐ and multicrystalline solar cells. Cross‐sectional SEM and TEM images reveal stacking faults in a {111} plane. Combined TEM/EDX measurements show that the stacking faults are strongly decorated with sodium. Thus, the electric conductivity of stacking faults is assumed to arise under the influence of sodium ion movement through a high electric field across the SiNx anti‐reflective layer, resulting in PID. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gene Regulatory Networks Mediating Canonical Wnt Signal-Directed Control of Pluripotency and Differentiation in Embryo Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiao , Peterson Kevin A. , Liu X. Shirley , McMahon Andrew P. , Ohba Shinsuke 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling supports the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but also promotes differentiation of early mammalian cell lineages. To explain these paradoxical observations, we explored the gene regulatory networks at play. Canonical Wnt signaling is intertwined with the pluripotency network comprising Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 in mouse ESCs. In defined media supporting the derivation and propagation of ESCs, Tcf3 and β-catenin interact with Oct4; Tcf3 binds to Sox motif within Oct-Sox composite motifs that are also bound by Oct4-Sox2 complexes. Furthermore, canonical Wnt signaling upregulates the activity of the Pou5f1 distal enhancer via the Sox motif in ESCs. When viewed in the context of published studies on Tcf3 and β-catenin mutants, our findings suggest Tcf3 counters pluripotency by competition with Sox2 at these sites, and Tcf3 inhibition is blocked by β-catenin entry into this complex. Wnt pathway stimulation also triggers β-catenin association at regulatory elements with classic Lef/Tcf motifs associated with differentiation programs. The failure to activate these targets in the presence of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor essential for ESC culture suggests MEK/ERK signaling and canonical Wnt signaling combine to promote ESC differentiation. Stem Cells 2013;31:2667–2679
Creating a Culture of Appreciation for Faculty Development
Authors: Honan James P. , Westmoreland Andrew , Tew W. Mark 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBeyond the dean and the faculty senate president, who is responsible for professional development of the faculty? In this chapter, three educational practitioners present a “hands‐on” approach from outside the traditional academic circle and present their views as trustee, president, and financial officer regarding creating a campus‐wide environment that promotes and achieves faculty development.
Inter‐ and intraobserver reliability for diagnosing levator ani changes on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lammers K. , Kluivers K. B. , Vierhout M. E. , Prokop M. , Fütterer J. J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of the diagnosis of pubovisceral muscle avulsions and measurements of the levator hiatus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWomen with recurrent pelvic organ prolapse or in whom there was a discrepancy between clinical signs and symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction underwent MRI and were eligible for inclusion. MRI datasets of the pelvic floor of 262 women were obtained and evaluated by two observers, who scored the presence and extent of pubovisceral muscle avulsions on each side using a scale from 0 to 3 and obtained measurements of the anteroposterior and transverse diameters and area of the levator hiatus. A random sample of 100 patients was reviewed a second time by one of the observers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with their 95% CI were calculated for all measurements. Mean differences with accompanying limits of agreement were calculated to estimate agreement between pairs of measurements and to detect possible systematic bias.ResultsGood interobserver reliability was found for the assessment of pubovisceral muscle avulsions (ICC = 0.76–0.79) and excellent agreement for measurements of the levator hiatus (ICC = 0.85–0.89). The intraobserver reliability for pubovisceral muscle avulsions and other levator hiatus measurements was also excellent (ICC = 0.80–0.97). A significant interobserver systematic bias was observed in the measurement of levator hiatus transverse diameter; however, narrow limits of agreement were observed.ConclusionsPubovisceral muscle avulsions and levator hiatus measurements can be assessed with good to excellent reliability on MRI. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Screening for fetal spina bifida at the 11–13‐week scan using three anatomical features of the posterior brain
Authors: Mangione R. , Dhombres F. , Lelong N. , Amat S. , Atoub F. , Friszer S. , Khoshnood B. , Jouannic J.‐M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of examination of specific anatomical features of the fetal posterior brain on mid‐sagittal first‐trimester ultrasound examination to the early detection of open spina bifida.MethodsFour independent observers reviewed a series of 260 mid‐sagittal first‐trimester ultrasound images from 52 cases of open spina bifida and 208 normal fetuses. The following analysis was performed by each reviewer for each image: Herman score calculation, intracranial translucency score (CFEF‐IT) calculation and determination of presence or absence of three anatomical criteria: intracranial translucency (IT), caudal displacement of the brainstem and cisterna magna. The sensitivity and the false‐positive rate for spina bifida detection were calculated for each of the latter three criteria. A secondary analysis was performed on the subset of images achieving a Herman score ≥ 7.ResultsThe highest detection rate for spina bifida was achieved by non‐visualization of the cisterna magna, with associated sensitivity of 50–73% and 39–76%, respectively, for all images and for the subset of images achieving a Herman score ≥ 7. Posterior shift of the brainstem achieved the highest detection rate (86%), but for a single reviewer only. The level of variation in performance between observers was also greatest for this sign. Absence of IT was associated with a lower detection rate for all observers. Overall, an abnormal posterior brain presenting at least one of these three criteria was associated with a detection rate ranging from 50 to 90%.ConclusionIn the detection of spina bifida, non‐visualization of the cisterna magna achieved the best screening performance. Both non‐visualization of the IT and posterior shift of the brainstem were associated with acceptable but lower detection rates. A prospective evaluation of changes in the posterior brain is needed to allow assessment of the most pertinent criteria for first‐trimester screening for spina bifida. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Learnability theory
Authors: Fulop Sean A. , Chater Nick 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLearnability theory is a body of mathematical and computational results concerning questions such as: when is learning possible? What prior information is required to support learning? What computational or other resources are required for learning to be possible? It is therefore complementary both to the computational project of building machine learning systems and to the scientific project of understanding learning in people and animals through observation and experiment. Learnability theory includes work within a variety of theoretical frameworks, including, for example, identification in the limit, and Bayesian learning, which idealize learning in different ways. Learnability theory addresses one of the foundational questions in cognitive science: to what extent can knowledge be derived from experience? WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:299–306. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1228This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language Acquisition
Embryonic and larval neural connectivity: progressive changes in synapse form and function at the neuromuscular junction mediated by cytoskeletal regulation
Authors: Long Jennifer B. , Van Vactor David 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDuring development, precise formation of millions of synaptic connections is critical for the formation of a functional nervous system. Synaptogenesis is a complex multistep process in which axons follow gradients of secreted and cell surface guidance cues to reach their target area, at which point they must accurately distinguish their specific target. Upon target recognition, the axonal growth cone undergoes rapid growth and morphological changes, ultimately forming a functional synapse that continues to remodel during activity‐dependent plasticity. Significant evidence suggests that the underlying actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons are key effectors throughout synaptogenesis downstream of numerous receptors and signaling pathways. An increasing number of cytoskeletal‐associated proteins have been shown to influence actin and MT stability and dynamics and many of these regulators have been implicated during synaptic morphogenesis using both mammalian and invertebrate model systems. In this review, we present an overview of the role cytoskeletal regulators play during the formation of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:747–765. doi: 10.1002/wdev.114This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Flies
pH‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of Complexes with Tripodal Amino Acid Ligand
Authors: Qi Zhao‐Peng , Cheng Xing , Li Pei‐Yu , Zhang Hui , Zhou Hong‐Fei , Zhou Lei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree new metal complexes were synthesized by reactions of [bis(2‐amino‐ethyl)‐amino]‐acetic acid (HL) and different metal salts at different pH values. Their structures were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Interestingly, under acidic conditions, the dinuclear structure {Cu2[H(L)]2Cl2}(ClO4)2 (1) was obtained, whereas under alkaline conditions, the complexes {[Cu(L)](ClO4)}n (2) and [Cd(L)Cl]n (3), which exhibit distinct one‐dimensional (1D) structures, were obtained. The results indicate that the pH value, metal ions, and anions have remarkable influence on the formation and structure of the complexes.
Intermolecular Interaction and Magnetic Coupling Mechanism of a Mononuclear Nickel(II) Complex
Authors: Pan Ning , Wei Rui‐Zheng , Chi Yan‐Hui , Shi Jing‐Min , Wei Wei , Zhang Yi‐Quan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe mononuclear complex [Ni(HOphen)(OSO3)(H2O)3]·5H2O (HOphen = 1, 10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐ol) was prepared and its single structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography. In this complex, the NiII ion has a distorted octahedral arrangement. Crystal structure analysis shows that two kinds of π–π stacking interactions and C–H···O short contact intermolecular interactions exist among the adjacent complexes. Fitting to the variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data gave the magnetic coupling constant, 2J = –0.98 cm–1. Theoretical calculations, based on density functional theory (DFT) coupling with the broken‐symmetry approach (BS), revealed that the π–π stacking magnetic coupling pathways resulted in weak ferromagnetic interactions with 2J = 4.86 cm–1 and 2J = 4.16 cm–1, respectively, for the adjacent NiII ions with separations of 8.568(19) Å and 8.749(32) Å, respectively; whereas the magnetic coupling pathway of the C–H···O short contact intermolecular interaction led to a weak antiferromagnetic interaction with 2J = –17.62 cm–1 for the adjacent NiII ions with a separation of 10.291(26) Å. The ferromagnetic coupling sign can be explained by the McConnell I spin‐polarization mechanism.
Chromium(V) Oxide Trichloride, and some Pentachlorido‐­oxido‐chromate(V) Salts: Structures and Spectroscopic ­Characterization
Authors: Hector Andrew L. , Levason William , Light Mark E. , Reid Gillian , Sardar Kripasindhu , Zhang Wenjian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCrystalline CrOCl3 contains [Cl2OCr(μ‐Cl)2CrOCl2] molecules with two square pyramidal CrOCl4 units sharing a common edge and with the Cr–O arranged anti, a new structure type for transition metal MOX3 compounds. Crystals are monoclinic with space group P21/c, Z = 4, with a = 5.735(5), b = 13.738(7), c = 11.318(4) Å, α = 90°, β = 98.346(6)°, γ = 90°. Its IR and UV/Vis spectra are reported and compared with those of the C3v monomer found in the gas phase. Structures are also reported for M2[CrOCl5] (M = Cs or Rb) and show a pseudo‐octahedral anion. Cs2[CrOCl5] adopts a K2PtCl6‐type structure with [CrOCl5]2– ions randomly orientated, but Rb2[CrOCl5] is orthorhombic with space group Pnma with a = 13.6471(7), b = 9.9175(5), and c = 6.9562(4) Å. Rietveld refinement of the data on the rubidium salt gave Cr–O = 1.628(1), Cr–CltransO = 2.652(7), Cr–CltransCl = 2.239(8)–2.342(3) Å. Corresponding CrV oxide bromide species do not form.
No Evidence Found for Diels–Alder Reaction Products in Soybean Oil Oxidized at the Frying Temperature by NMR Study
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Doll Kenneth M. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Vermillion Karl , Liu Sean X. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt has been generally accepted that the Diels–Alder reaction mechanism is one of the major reaction mechanisms to produce dimers and polymers during heating process of vegetable oil. Soybean oil oxidized at 180 °C for 24 h with 1.45 surface area‐to‐volume ratio showed 36 % polymer peak area in gel permeation chromatogram. However, the NMR DEPT (Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer) 135 spectrum did not show any signals of possible Diels–Alder products. A fraction separated from the oxidized soybean oil by column chromatography contained 98 % polymers, but again, showed no signals of proposed Diels–Alder products in the DEPT 135 spectrum. Methyl oleate and triolein without a diene required for the Diels–Alder reaction produced 27 and 63 % of total polymers, respectively, under the same condition. This indicates that the polymers must be produced by reactions other than the Diels–Alder reaction for these oils. This study shows that the Diels–Alder reaction is not the major reaction to produce polymers during oxidation of soybean oil, within the DEPT 135 spectroscopy sensitivity level, about 5 mol %.
New conservation laws of helically symmetric, plane and rotationally symmetric viscous and inviscid flows
Authors: Kelbin Olga , Cheviakov Alexei F. , Oberlack Martin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHelically invariant reductions due to a reduced set of independent variables $(t, r, \xi )$ with $\xi = az+ b\varphi $ emerging from a cylindrical coordinate system of viscous and inviscid time-dependent fluid flow equations, with all three velocity components generally non-zero, are considered in primitive variables and in the vorticity formulation. Full sets of equations are derived. Local conservation laws of helically invariant systems are systematically sought through the direct construction method. Various new sets of conservation laws for both inviscid and viscous flows, including families that involve arbitrary functions, are derived. For both Euler and Navier–Stokes flows, infinite sets of vorticity-related conservation laws are derived. In particular, for Euler flows, we obtain a family of conserved quantities that generalize helicity. The special case of two-component flows, with zero velocity component in the invariant direction, is additionally considered, and special conserved quantities that hold for such flows are computed. In particular, it is shown that the well-known infinite set of generalized enstrophy conservation laws that holds for plane flows also holds for the general two-component helically invariant flows and for axisymmetric two-component flows.
Practice of Biopsychosocial Medicine in Portugal: Perspectives of Professionals Involved
Authors: Pereira M. Graça , Fachado Alfonso Alonso , Smith Thomas Edward 
Published: March 2013

Although, recently, the biopsychosocial approach has been emphasized in the practice of family medicine, how psychologists and physicians interact in collaborative family health care practice is still emerging in Portugal. This article describes a qualitative study that focused on the understanding of psychologists and family physicians' perceptions of their role and the collaborative approach in health care.A questionnaire gathered information regarding collaboration, referral, training and the practice of biopsychosocial medicine. A content analysis on respondents' discourse was performed. Results show that both physicians and psychologists agree on the importance of the biopsychosocial model and interdisciplinary collaboration. However, they also mentioned several difficulties that have to do with the lack of psychologists working full time in health care centers, lack of communication and different expectancies regarding each other roles in health care delivery.Both physicians and psychologists acknowledge the lack of academic training and consider the need for multidisciplinary teams in their training and practice to improve collaboration and integrative care. Implications for future research and for the practice of biopsychosocial medicine are addressed.