bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Identifies the Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Src as a Crucial Virulence Determinant of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus in Chicken Cells
Authors: Li Hai , Wang Fengjie , Han Zongxi , Gao Qi , Li Huixin , Shao Yuhao , Sun Nana , Liu Shengwang 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Given the side effects of vaccination against infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), novel strategies for ILT control and therapy are urgently needed. The modulation of host-virus interactions is a promising strategy to combat the virus; however, the interactions between the host and avian ILT herpesvirus (ILTV) are unclear. Using genome-wide transcriptome studies in combination with a bioinformatic analysis, we identified proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src) to be an important modulator of ILTV infection. Src controls the virulence of ILTV and is phosphorylated upon ILTV infection. Functional studies revealed that Src prolongs the survival of host cells by increasing the threshold of virus-induced cell death. Therefore, Src is essential for viral replication
in vitro
and
in ovo
but is not required for ILTV-induced cell death. Furthermore, our results identify a positive-feedback loop between Src and the tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which is necessary for the phosphorylation of either Src or FAK and is required for Src to modulate ILTV infection. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to identify a key host regulator controlling host-ILTV interactions. We believe that our findings have revealed a new potential therapeutic target for ILT control and therapy.

IMPORTANCE
Despite the extensive administration of live attenuated vaccines starting from the mid-20th century and the administration of recombinant vaccines in recent years, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) outbreaks due to avian ILT herpesvirus (ILTV) occur worldwide annually. Presently, there are no drugs or control strategies that effectively treat ILT. Targeting of host-virus interactions is considered to be a promising strategy for controlling ILTV infections. However, little is known about the mechanisms governing host-ILTV interactions. The results from our study advance our understanding of host-ILTV interactions on a molecular level and provide experimental evidence that it is possible to control ILT via the manipulation of host-virus interactions.
Preconception counselling resource for women with diabetes
Authors: Gough Aisling , McCance David , Alderdice Fiona , Harper Roy , Holmes Valerie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWomen with diabetes need to plan for pregnancy if they are to reduce their risk of poor pregnancy outcome. While care providers have focused on setting up specialist pre-pregnancy planning clinics to help women prepare for pregnancy, the majority of women do not attend, entering pregnancy unprepared. A major barrier to accessing this care, and a consequence of poor preconception counselling, is a lack of knowledge as to the need to plan and the reasons why. This project addressed an urgent need to raise awareness of the importance of planning for pregnancy among women with diabetes and among the healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for them. Focus groups with the target groups informed the development of a preconception counselling resource for women with diabetes. Originally produced as a DVD (Diabetes UK funding), this resource has been embedded in routine care in Northern Ireland (NI) since 2010. A subsequent service evaluation of pregnancy planning indicators undertaken across all five antenatal-metabolic clinics in NI indicated that women who viewed the resource were better prepared for pregnancy. In order to increase the positive impact of the resource and to ensure longer term sustainability the DVD was converted to a website,www.womenwithdiabetes.net(Public Health Agency NI funding). The evaluation also highlighted that women with type 2 diabetes were a hard to reach group. As these women are often cared for outside of specialist clinics, it is pertinent that all HCPs caring for women with diabetes are aware of the importance of preconception counselling. Funding also supported the development of an e-learning continuing professional development (CPD) resource within the website. The e-learning resource has since been embedded into existing CPD programmes and is an important tool to ensure that all HCPs caring for women with diabetes are empowered to provide preconception counselling at every opportunity.
A novel housing-based socioeconomic measure predicts hospitalisation and multiple chronic conditions in a community population
Authors: Takahashi Paul Y , Ryu Euijung , Hathcock Matthew A , Olson Janet E , Bielinski Suzette J , Cerhan James R , Rand-Weaver Jennifer , Juhn Young J 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is an important predictor for outcomes of chronic diseases. However, it is often unavailable in clinical data. We sought to determine whether an individual housing-based SES index termedHOUSEScan influence the likelihood of multiple chronic conditions (MCC) and hospitalisation in a community population.MethodsParticipants were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged >18 years, who were enrolled in Mayo Clinic Biobank on 31 December 2010, with follow-up until 31 December 2011. Primary outcome was all-cause hospitalisation over 1 calendar-year. Secondary outcome was MCC determined through a Minnesota Medical Tiering score. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of HOUSES with the Minnesota tiering score. With adjustment for age, sex and MCC, the association of HOUSES with hospitalisation risk was tested using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsEligible patients totalled 6402 persons (median age, 57 years; 25th–75th quartiles, 45–68 years). The lowest quartile of HOUSES was associated with a higher Minnesota tiering score after adjustment for age and sex (OR (95% CI) 2.4 (2.0 to 3.1)) when compared with the highest HOUSES quartile. Patients in the lowest HOUSES quartile had higher risk of all-cause hospitalisation (age, sex, MCC-adjusted HR (95% CI) 1.53 (1.18 to 1.98)) compared with those in the highest quartile.ConclusionsLow SES, as assessed by HOUSES, was associated with increased risk of hospitalisation and greater MCC health burden. HOUSES may be a clinically useful surrogate for SES to assess risk stratification for patient care and clinical research.
Clinical Spectrum, Therapeutic Options, and Outcome of Advanced Heart Failure in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pasqualucci Daniele , Fornaro Alessandra , Castelli Gabriele , Rossi Alessandra , Arretini Anna , Chiriatti Chiara , Targetti Mattia , Girolami Francesca , Corda Marco , Orrù Pierpaolo , Matta Gildo , Stefàno Pierluigi , Cecchi Franco , Porcu Maurizio , Olivotto Iacopo 
Published: October 2015

Background—
The clinical course of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure (HF) subtended by progressive left ventricular dysfunction has received limited attention. Our aim was to assess the outcome of HF and impact of treatment options including the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and heart transplantation (HT) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy evaluated at 2 Italian referral centers >3 decades.

Methods and Results—
All-cause mortality and a combined end point including death, HT, or appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shock were assessed in 71 consecutive patients with HF not related to outflow obstruction (7% of the entire hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cohort) followed up for 6.1±6.9 years after development of New York Heart Association class III to IV symptoms. At enrollment, left ventricular ejection fraction was <50% in 55 patients and >50% in 16; all had restrictive left ventricular filling. During follow-up, 35 patients died (49%%; 5-year rate, 49%) and 53 met the combined end point (75%; 5-year rate, 62%). Most events occurred in the 3 years after HF onset (17% per year compared with only 3% per year subsequently). Appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks occurred in 11 of 34 implanted patients. Of 37 patients evaluated for HT, 14 were transplanted, 10 listed, and 13 excluded; 2 early post-HT deaths occurred in patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Eleven of the 14 HT patients were alive at 10±8 years.

Conclusions—
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, advanced HF not associated with outflow obstruction portends a severely unfavorable prognosis, particularly in the first 3 years after onset of symptoms, despite frequently preserved systolic function in about one quarter of the patients. Outcome of HT is favorable but requires early consideration, as the window of opportunity may be short.
Drug-Coated Balloon Versus Standard Balloon for Superficial Femoral Artery In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Krankenberg Hans , Tübler Thilo , Ingwersen Maja , Schlüter Michael , Scheinert Dierk , Blessing Erwin , Sixt Sebastian , Kieback Arne , Beschorner Ulrich , Zeller Thomas 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DCBA) was shown to be superior to standard balloon angioplasty (POBA) in terms of restenosis prevention for de novo superficial femoral artery disease. For in-stent restenosis, the benefit of DCBA over POBA remains uncertain.

Methods and Results—

One hundred nineteen patients with superficial femoral artery in-stent restenosis and chronic limb ischemia were recruited over 34 months at 5 German clinical sites and prospectively randomized to either DCBA (n=62) or POBA (n=57). Mean lesion length was 82.2±68.4 mm. Thirty-four (28.6%) lesions were totally occluded; 30 (25.2%) were moderately or heavily calcified. Clinical and duplex ultrasound follow-up was conducted at 6 and 12 months. The primary end point of recurrent in-stent restenosis assessed by ultrasound at 6 months was 15.4% (8 of 52) in the DCBA and 44.7% (21 of 47) in the POBA group (
P
=0.002). Freedom from target lesion revascularization was 96.4% versus 81.0% (
P
=0.0117) at 6 months and 90.8% versus 52.6% (
P
<0.0001) at 12 months, respectively. At 12 months, clinical improvement by ≥1 Rutherford category without the need for target lesion revascularization was observed in 35 of 45 DCBA patients (77.8%) and 23 of 44 POBA patients (52.3%;
P
=0.015). No major amputation was needed. Two patients in the DCBA and 3 patients in the POBA group died. No death was procedure related.

Conclusions—
DCBA for superficial femoral artery in-stent restenosis is associated with less recurrent restenosis and a better clinical outcome than POBA without an apparent difference in safety.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01305070.
Effect of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists on Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients With Diastolic Dysfunction and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Garg Sushil , Matulevicius Susan A. , Shah Amil M. , Garg Jalaj , Drazner Mark H. , Amin Alpesh , Berry Jarett D. , Marwick Thomas H. , Marso Steven P. , de Lemos James A. , Kumbhani Dharam J. 
Published: October 2015

Background

There has been an increasing interest in use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (
MRA
s) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (
HFPEF
). However, a comprehensive evaluation of
MRA
effects on left ventricular (
LV
) structure and function in these patients is lacking. In this meta‐analysis, we evaluated the effects of
MRA
s on
LV
structure and function among patients with diastolic dysfunction or
HFPEF
.

Methods & Results

Randomized, controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of
MRA
s in patients with diastolic dysfunction or
HFPEF
were included. The primary outcome was change in E/e’, a specific measure of diastolic function. Secondary outcomes included changes in other measures of diastolic function,
LV
structure, surrogate markers for myocardial fibrosis (carboxy‐terminal peptide of procollagen type I [
PICP
] and amino‐terminal peptide of pro‐collagen type‐
II
[
PIIINP
]), blood pressure, and exercise tolerance. In the pooled analysis,
MRA
use was associated with significant reduction in E/e’ (weighted mean difference [
WMD
] [95% confidence interval {
CI
}]: −1.68 [−2.03 to −1.33];
P
<0.0001) and deceleration time (
WMD
[95%
CI
]: −12.0 ms [−23.3 to −0.7];
P
=0.04) as compared with control, suggesting and improvement in diastolic function. Furthermore, blood pressure and levels of
PIIINP
and
PICP
were also significantly reduced with
MRA
therapy with no significant change in
LV
mass or dimensions.

Conclusion

MRA
therapy in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction or
HFPEF
is associated with significant improvement in diastolic function and markers of cardiac fibrosis without a significant change in
LV
mass or dimensions.
Effect of Stratiform Heating on the Planetary-Scale Organization of Tropical Convection
Authors: Deng Qiang , Khouider Boualem , Majda Andrew J. , Ajayamohan R. S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
It is widely recognized that stratiform heating contributes significantly to tropical rainfall and to the dynamics of tropical convective systems by inducing a front-to-rear tilt in the heating profile. Precipitating stratiform anvils that form from deep convection play a central role in the dynamics of tropical mesoscale convective systems. The wide spreading of downdrafts that are induced by the evaporation of stratiform rain and originate from in the lower troposphere strengthens the recirculation of subsiding air in the neighborhood of the convection center and triggers cold pools and gravity currents in the boundary layer, leading to further lifting. Here, aquaplanet simulations with a warm pool–like surface forcing, based on a coarse-resolution GCM of approximately 170-km grid mesh, coupled with a stochastic multicloud parameterization, are used to demonstrate the importance of stratiform heating for the organization of convection on planetary and intraseasonal scales. When the model parameters, which control the heating fraction and decay time scale of the stratiform clouds, are set to produce higher stratiform heating, the model produces low-frequency and planetary-scale MJO-like wave disturbances, while parameters associated with lower-to-moderate stratiform heating yield mainly synoptic-scale convectively coupled Kelvin-like waves. Furthermore, it is shown that, when the effect of stratiform downdrafts is reduced in the model, the MJO-scale organization is weakened, and a transition to synoptic-scale organization appears despite the use of larger stratiform heating parameters. Rooted in the stratiform instability, it is conjectured here that the strength and extent of stratiform downdrafts are key contributors to the scale selection of convective organizations, perhaps with mechanisms that are, in essence, similar to those of mesoscale convective systems.
Toward a K-Profile Parameterization of Langmuir Turbulence in Shallow Coastal Shelves
Authors: Sinha Nityanand , Tejada-Martínez Andres E. , Akan Cigdem , Grosch Chester E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInteraction between the wind-driven shear current and the Stokes drift velocity induced by surface gravity waves gives rise to Langmuir turbulence in the upper ocean. Langmuir turbulence consists of Langmuir circulation (LC) characterized by a wide range of scales. In unstratified shallow water, the largest scales of Langmuir turbulence engulf the entire water column and thus are referred to as full-depth LC. Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of Langmuir turbulence with full-depth LC in a wind-driven shear current have revealed that vertical mixing due to LC erodes the bottom log-law velocity profile, inducing a profile resembling a wake law. Furthermore, in the interior of the water column, two sources of Reynolds shear stress, turbulent (nonlocal) transport and local Stokes drift shear production, can combine to lead to negative mean velocity shear. Meanwhile, near the surface, Stokes drift shear serves to intensify small-scale eddies leading to enhanced vertical mixing and disruption of the surface log law. A K-profile parameterization (KPP) of the Reynolds shear stress comprising local and nonlocal components is introduced, capturing these basic mechanisms by which Langmuir turbulence in unstratified shallow water impacts the vertical mixing of momentum. Single-water-column, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations with the new parameterization are presented, showing good agreement with LES in terms of mean velocity. Results show that coefficients in the KPP may be parameterized based on attributes of the full-depth LC.
On the Estimation of Daily Climatological Temperature Variance
Authors: James Richard P. , Arguez Anthony 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe climatological daily variance of temperature is sometimes estimated from observed temperatures within a centered window of dates. This method overestimates the true variance of daily temperature when the rate of seasonal temperature change is large, because the seasonal change within the date window introduces additional variance. The contribution of the seasonal change may be removed by performing the variance calculation using daily temperature anomalies, leading to a bias-free estimate of variance.The difference between the variance estimation methods is illustrated using both idealized simulations of temperature variability and observed historical temperature data. The simulation results confirm that removing the climatological temperature cycle eliminates bias in the variance estimates. For several U.S. midlatitude locations, the difference in estimated standard deviation of daily mean temperature is on the order of a few percent near the seasonal peaks in climatological temperature change, but the maximum difference is larger in highly continental climates. These differences are shown to be significant when estimating the probability of temperature extremes under the assumption of a Gaussian distribution.
Revisiting the biology of infant t(4;11)/MLL-AF4+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sanjuan-Pla Alejandra , Bueno Clara , Prieto Cristina , Acha Pamela , Stam Ronald W. , Marschalek Rolf , Menéndez Pablo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) accounts for 10% of childhood ALL. The genetic hallmark of most infant B-ALL is chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. Despite improvement in the clinical management and survival (∼85-90%) of childhood B-ALL, the outcome of infants with MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) B-ALL remains dismal, with overall survival <35%. Among MLL-r infant B-ALL, t(4;11)+ patients harboring the fusion MLL-AF4 (MA4) display a particularly poor prognosis and a pro-B/mixed phenotype. Studies in monozygotic twins and archived blood spots have provided compelling evidence of a single cell of prenatal origin as the target for MA4 fusion, explaining the brief leukemia latency. Despite its aggressiveness and short latency, current progress on its etiology, pathogenesis, and cellular origin is limited as evidenced by the lack of mouse/human models recapitulating the disease phenotype/latency. We propose this is because infant cancer is from an etiologic and pathogenesis standpoint distinct from adult cancer and should be seen as a developmental disease. This is supported by whole-genome sequencing studies suggesting that opposite to the view of cancer as a “multiple-and-sequential-hit” model, t(4;11) alone might be sufficient to spawn leukemia. The stable genome of these patients suggests that, in infant developmental cancer, one “big-hit” might be sufficient for overt disease and supports a key contribution of epigenetics and a prenatal cell of origin during a critical developmental window of stem cell vulnerability in the leukemia pathogenesis. Here, we revisit the biology of t(4;11)+ infant B-ALL with an emphasis on its origin, genetics, and disease models.
Integrating mental health into chronic care in South Africa: The development of a district mental healthcare plan
Authors: Petersen Inge , Fairall Lara , Bhana Arvin , Kathree Tasneem , Selohilwe One , Brooke-Sumner Carrie , Faris Gill , Breuer Erica , Sibanyoni Nomvula , Lund Crick , Patel Vikram 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundIn South Africa, the escalating prevalence of chronic illness and its high comorbidity with mental disorders bring to the fore the need for integrating mental health into chronic care at district level.AimsTo develop a district mental healthcare plan (MHCP) in South Africa that integrates mental healthcare for depression, alcohol use disorders and schizophrenia into chronic care.MethodMixed methods using a situation analysis, qualitative key informant interviews, theory of change workshops and piloting of the plan in one health facility informed the development of the MHCP.ResultsCollaborative care packages for the three conditions were developed to enable integration at the organisational, facility and community levels, supported by a human resource mix and implementation tools. Potential barriers to the feasibility of implementation at scale were identified.ConclusionsThe plan leverages resources and systems availed by the emerging chronic care service delivery platform for the integration of mental health. This strengthens the potential for future scale up.
Realising «Fortress Europe»: «Managing» migrants and refugees at the borders of Greece
Authors: Voutira Eftihia 
Published: October 2015

<p>Το κείμενο αυτό διερευνά τη διαμόρφωση ενός μεταναστευτικού καθεστώτος στα νοτιο-ανατολικά σύνορα της Ευρώπης με ειδική αναφορά στην Ελλάδα και το ρόλο της FRONTEX ως το νέο συνοριοφύλακα της Ευρώπης που δρα συχνά στη θέση του κράτους. Χρησιμοποιώντας την βιοπολιτική προσέγγιση, διερευνώ τις παραβιάσεις των ανθρώπινων δικαιωμάτων στα κέντρα εισόδου της Ελλάδας στον Έβρο και προσδιορίζω τους φορείς που εμπλέκονται στην αστυνόμευση των συνόρων. Το ερώτημα κλειδί είναι αυτό της λογοδοσίας: «ποιος ελέγχει τους<br />φρουρούς που επιτηρούν τα σύνορα της Ευρώπης;»</p>
Escaping the exception: Migrant sex workers between subjectification and excess
Authors: Peano Irene 
Published: October 2015

Το άρθρο εξετάζει την αλληλεπίδραση πολλαπλών καθεστώτων<br />υποκειμενοποίησης που σχετίζονται με τον εκτοπισμό και τον εντοπισμό, όπως αυτά επενεργούν στις εμπειρίες ζωής Νιγηριανών μεταναστριών εργατριών του σεξ. Το κείμενο διερευνά επίσης τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι υποκειμενικότητες των γυναικών αυτών ενδέχεται<br />να υπερβαίνουν αυτά τα καθεστώτα. Μηχανισμοί (dispositifs), όπως αυτοί της μεταναστευτικής πολιτικής και της ανθρωπιστικής πολιτικής, της επισφάλειας και της θεσμοθετημένης υφαρπαγής στις νεοφιλελεύθερες οικονομίες, καθώς επίσης και αυτοί του φύλου και της συγγένειας, συνυφαίνονται μέσω περίπλοκων γενεαλογιών που δεν ανάγονται σε μια ξεκάθαρη διάκριση ανάμεσα σε υποκείμενα-θύματα και υποκείμενα-θύτες. Παρομοίως, η κινητικότητα και η στατικότητα ή η διάσχιση των συνόρων και η τακτοποιημένη ζωή δεν μπορούν εύκολα να χαρτογραφηθούν με όρους υπέρβασης ή περιορισμού: η μετανάστευση και η επιστροφή βιώνονται με τρόπο αμφίσημο, τόσο απελευθερωτικό όσο και περιοριστικό.