bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty enhances the preference for narcissistic leaders
Authors: Nevicka Barbora , De Hoogh Annebel H. B. , Van Vianen Annelies E. M. , Ten Velden Femke S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNarcissistic leaders present us with an interesting paradox, because they have positive as well as negative characteristics. As such, we argue that the nature of the context determines how suitable narcissists are perceived to be as leaders. Here we propose that a specific contextual factor, that is, uncertainty, increases the preference for narcissists as leaders. As an initial test of this prediction, the first study showed that narcissistic characteristics were evaluated as more desirable in a leader in an uncertain context rather than a certain context. In Studies 2 and 3, we further hypothesized and found that high narcissists are chosen as leaders more often than low narcissists, especially in uncertain (rather than certain) contexts. In all of the studies, individuals were shown to be aware of the negative features of narcissistic leaders, such as arrogance and exploitativeness, but chose them as leaders in times of uncertainty, regardless. Thus, a narcissistic leader is perceived as someone who can help reduce individual uncertainty. These results reveal the importance of contextual uncertainty in understanding the allure of narcissistic leaders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric CH4 in the first decade of the 21st century: Inverse modeling analysis using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals and NOAA surface measurements
Authors: Bergamaschi P. , Houweling S. , Segers A. , Krol M. , Frankenberg C. , Scheepmaker R. A. , Dlugokencky E. , Wofsy S. C. , Kort E. A. , Sweeney C. , Schuck T. , Brenninkmeijer C. , Chen H. , Beck V. , Gerbig C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe causes of renewed growth in the atmospheric CH4 burden since 2007 are still poorly understood and subject of intensive scientific discussion. We present a reanalysis of global CH4 emissions during the 2000s, based on the TM5‐4DVAR inverse modeling system. The model is optimized using high‐accuracy surface observations from NOAA ESRL's global air sampling network for 2000–2010 combined with retrievals of column‐averaged CH4 mole fractions from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT (starting 2003). Using climatological OH fields, derived global total emissions for 2007–2010 are 16–20 Tg CH4/yr higher compared to 2003–2005. Most of the inferred emission increase was located in the tropics (9–14 Tg CH4/yr) and mid‐latitudes of the northern hemisphere (6–8 Tg CH4/yr), while no significant trend was derived for Arctic latitudes. The atmospheric increase can be attributed mainly to increased anthropogenic emissions, but the derived trend is significantly smaller than estimated in the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory. Superimposed on the increasing trend in anthropogenic CH4 emissions are significant inter‐annual variations (IAV) of emissions from wetlands (up to ±10 Tg CH4/yr), and biomass burning (up to ±7 Tg CH4/yr). Sensitivity experiments, which investigated the impact of the SCIAMACHY observations (versus inversions using only surface observations), of the OH fields used, and of a priori emission inventories, resulted in differences in the detailed latitudinal attribution of CH4 emissions, but the IAV and trends aggregated over larger latitude bands were reasonably robust. All sensitivity experiments show similar performance against independent shipboard and airborne observations used for validation, except over Amazonia where satellite retrievals improved agreement with observations in the free troposphere.
Core‐mantle differentiation in Mars
Authors: Rai Nachiketa , van Westrenen Wim 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe physical and chemical conditions under which Martian core formation took place are not well constrained. We modeled the pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions under which it would be possible to match the inferred depletions of moderately siderophile elements Ni, Co, W, Mo, Ga, P, and Ge in the Martian mantle, using new constraints on their metal‐silicate partitioning behavior. Using literature metal‐silicate partitioning data, we characterize the dependence of the metal‐silicate partition coefficients (D) on the temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and composition of the silicate melt and the metal using a uniform parameterization approach for each element. Our results show that it is impossible to simultaneously account for the Martian mantle depletions of moderately siderophile elements if the Martian core sulfur content exceeds 10.5 wt % at reducing conditions (1 log unit below the iron‐wüstite (IW) buffer). At 10.5 wt % core S, the conditions that best satisfy Martian mantle abundances of the seven siderophile elements are a mean pressure of 13(±1) GPa at 2330 K, corresponding to the presence of a magma ocean at least 1000 km deep during Martian core formation. More oxidizing conditions than the iron‐wüstite buffer as suggested by iron meteorites are inconsistent with mantle siderophile element abundances. Extension of our approach to the highly siderophile elements Ru, Pd, Re, Ir, and Pt shows that their Martian mantle abundances are orders of magnitude too high to be accounted for by metal‐silicate equilibration at high pressure and high temperature in a magma ocean, requiring a “late veneer” stage after core formation.
Family Communication of BRCA1/2 Results and Family Uptake of BRCA1/2 Testing in a Diverse Population of BRCA1/2 Carriers
Authors: Fehniger Julia , Lin Feng , Beattie Mary S. , Joseph Galen , Kaplan Celia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPrevious studies examining communication of BRCA1/2 results with relatives and family uptake of BRCA1/2 testing have sampled from predominantly white, high SES cohorts ascertained solely from tertiary care centers. No studies have focused on family communication and testing among relatives of diverse BRCA1/2 carriers. We conducted structured interviews with 73 BRCA1/2 carriers identified at a public hospital and a tertiary cancer center. We asked participants if each first‐ and second‐degree relative was aware of their BRCA1/2 results and whether or not each relative had tested. Generalized estimating equations identified rates and predictors of family communication and testing. Participants disclosed their test results to 73 % of 606 eligible relatives and 31 % of 514 eligible relatives tested. Communication and testing rates were similar for relatives of participants from the public hospital and the tertiary cancer center. Hospital site was not a significant predictor of either result disclosure or relative uptake of testing. African American and Asian/Pacific Islander participants were significantly less likely to disclose their results to their relatives; relatives of African American participants were significantly less likely to test. Addressing these disparities will require further research into the best ways to facilitate family communication and counsel at‐risk relatives of racially and socioeconomically diverse BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
The Experimental Observation and Modelling of Film Thinning and Film Retraction during the Interfacial Coalescence of Biodiesel and Glycerol Droplets
Authors: Abeynaike A. , Davidson J. F. , Mackley M. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the way interfacial coalescence of a single drop of biodiesel or glycerol occurs at a glycerol/biodiesel interface. Two stages of interfacial coalescence were studied: the thinning of the trapped liquid film between the rising or falling droplet and bulk fluid interface, and the retraction of the film after the film had ruptured. Unexpectedly, the thinning time for the high viscosity glycerol film around a rising biodiesel droplet was found to be much shorter than that for a low viscosity biodiesel film around a sedimenting glycerol droplet. Squeeze flow modelling showed that the film of glycerol around a biodiesel droplet was bounded by relatively inviscid biodiesel and therefore flowed with high slip at its interfaces, resulting in rapid film thinning. The biodiesel film around a glycerol droplet was bounded by highly viscous glycerol and flowed with little slip at the interfaces, resulting in slower film thinning. After rupture, film retraction was found to be much faster for biodiesel droplets than for glycerol droplets. The drag exerted by the fluid surrounding the film was found to control the retraction kinetics. The results are of particular relevance to the separation of glycerol from biodiesel and of general relevance to coalescence kinetics for immiscible drops at an interface.
Activity of immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus and Candida antarctica B Lipases in Interesterification Reactions: Effect of the Aqueous Microenvironment
Authors: Pérignon Marlène , Lecomte Jérôme , Pina Michel , Renault Anne , Simonneau‐Deve Camille , Villeneuve Pierre 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLipases are enzymes used in numerous reactions of industrial interest. Depending on their aqueous microenvironment, lipases can catalyze hydrolysis or, conversely, organic synthesis like interesterification. This reaction can be used as a method to modify the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils, a basic process for production of “structured lipids”. For such synthesis reactions, thermodynamic water activity (aw) of the catalyst is generally the most important parameter to control. Actually, it will directly determine the performance of the synthesis, namely its yield, selectivity and stability. Effect of the aw on the activity of immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus and Candida antarctica B lipases in interesterification reactions was studied. Water sorption and desorption isotherms were determined, showing a phenomenon of hysteresis for the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. Evaluation of the influence of aw on reaction yields revealed that the IE activity tends to increase with the water activity of immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. In contrast, aw had little influence in the case of the Candida antarctica B lipase.
A combinatorial approach to the peptide feature matching problem for label-free quantification
Authors: Lin Hao , He Lin , Ma Bin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Label-free quantification is an important approach to identify biomarkers, as it measures the quantity change of peptides across different biological samples. One of the fundamental steps for label-free quantification is to match the peptide features that are detected in two datasets to each other. Although ad hoc software tools exist for the feature matching, the definition of a combinatorial model for this problem is still not available.
Results: A combinatorial model is proposed in this article. Each peptide feature contains a mass value and a retention time value, which are used to calculate a matching weight between a pair of features. The feature matching is to find the maximum-weighted matching between the two sets of features, after applying a to-be-computed time alignment function to all the retention time values of one set of the features. This is similar to the maximum matching problem in a bipartite graph. But we show that the requirement of time alignment makes the problem NP-hard. Practical algorithms are also provided. Experiments on real data show that the algorithm compares favorably with other existing methods.
Contact: binma@uwaterloo.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Serial measurement of galectin‐3 in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the ProBNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure Therapy (PROTECT) study
Authors: Motiwala Shweta R. , Szymonifka Jackie , Belcher Arianna , Weiner Rory B. , Baggish Aaron L. , Sluss Patrick , Gaggin Hanna K. , Bhardwaj Anju , Januzzi James L. 
Published: May 2013

AimsGalectin‐3 is a prognostic heart failure (HF) biomarker that may mediate cardiac fibrosis. We examined the value of serial galectin‐3 measurement for prognosis and response to therapy in chronic HF.Methods and resultsA total of 151 subjects with LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) were followed through 908 visits over 10 ± 3 months. The amount of time spent with a galectin‐3 level ≤ 20.0 ng/mL and changes between baseline and subsequent values were considered across visits, and used to assess risk for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events and associations with LV remodelling. Medication effects on galectin‐3 were examined. Median galectin‐3 values at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months were higher in patients with CV events (21.7 vs. 18.4 ng/mL, P = 0.03; 21.7 vs. 16.5 ng/mL, P = 0.03; 23.2 vs. 16.0 ng/mL, P = 0.007). Galectin‐3 concentration changed in 35.2% of subjects during study procedures; time spent at ≤ 20.0 ng/mL was significantly associated with a lower rate of CV events, independently predicted fewer CV events even adjusted for relevant variables including study allocation, NT‐proBNP, and renal function [odds ratio (OR) = 0.90; P = 0.05], and predicted increase in LV ejection fraction (OR = 1.20; P = 0.04). Serial galectin‐3 measurement at 6 months added prognostic value beyond the baseline level (P = 0.02). There were no significant effects of medications on galectin‐3 levels.ConclusionIn chronic HF due to LVSD, serial galectin‐3 measurement adds incremental prognostic information and predicts LV remodelling. In this study, HF therapies had no clear effects on galectin‐3 levels.
Simulation-based Assessment and Retraining for the Anesthesiologist Seeking Reentry to Clinical Practice
Authors: DeMaria Samuel , Samuelson Stefan T. , Schwartz Andrew D. , Sim Alan J. , Levine Adam I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground:Established models for assessment and maintenance of competency in anesthesiology may not be adequate for anesthesiologists wishing to reenter practice. The authors describe a program developed in their institution incorporating simulator-based education, to help determine competency in licensed and previously licensed anesthesiologists before return to practice.Methods:The authors have used simulation for assessment and retraining at their institution since 2002. Physicians evaluated by the authors’ center undergo an adaptable 2-day simulation-based assessment conducted by two board-certified anesthesiologists. A minimum of three cases are presented on each day, with specific core competencies assessed, and participants complete a standard Clinical Anesthesia Year 3 level anesthesia knowledge test. Participants are debriefed extensively and retraining regimens are designed, where indicated, consisting of a combination of simulation and operating-room observership.Results:Twenty anesthesiologists were referred to the authors’ institution between 2002 and 2012. Fourteen participants (70%) were in active clinical practice 1 yr after participation in the authors’ program, five (25%) were in supervised positions, and nine (45%) had resumed independent clinical practice. The reasons of participants not in practice were personal (1 participant) and medico-legal (3 participants); two participants were lost to follow-up. Two of 14 physicians, who were formally assessed in the authors’ program, were deemed likely unfit for safe return to practice, irrespective of further training. These physicians were unavailable for contact 1 yr after assessment.Conclusion:Anesthesiologists seeking to return to active clinical status are a heterogeneous group. The simulated environment provides an effective means by which to assess baseline competency and also a way to retrain physicians.
Perioperative Systemic Magnesium to Minimize Postoperative Pain
Authors: De Oliveira Gildasio S. , Castro-Alves Lucas J. , Khan Jamil H. , McCarthy Robert J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground:Systemic magnesium has been used to minimize postoperative pain with conflicting results by clinical studies. It remains unknown whether the administration of perioperative systemic magnesium can minimize postoperative pain. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of systemic magnesium on postoperative pain outcomes.Methods:A wide search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of systemic magnesium on postoperative pain outcomes in surgical procedures performed under general anesthesia. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. Publication bias was evaluated by examining the presence of asymmetric funnel plots using Egger regression.Results:Twenty randomized clinical trials with 1,257 subjects were included. The weighted mean difference (99% CI) of the combined effects favored magnesium over control for pain at rest (≤4 h, −0.74 [−1.08 to −0.48]; 24 h, −0.36 [−0.63 to −0.09]) and with movement at 24 h, −0.73 (−1.37 to −0.1). Opioid consumption was largely decreased in the systemic magnesium group compared with control, weighted mean difference (99% CI) of −10.52 (−13.50 to −7.54) mg morphine IV equivalents. Publication bias was not present in any of the analysis. Significant heterogeneity was present in some analysis, but it could be partially explained by the sole intraoperative administration of magnesium compared with the intraoperative and postoperative administration. None of the studies reported clinical toxicity related to toxic serum levels of magnesium.Conclusion:Systemic administration of perioperative magnesium reduces postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Magnesium administration should be considered as a strategy to mitigate postoperative pain in surgical patients.
Endothelin receptors in augmented vasoconstrictor responses to endothelin‐1 in chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Guo Qiu‐Hong , Tian Yi‐Long , Wang Zhuo , Li Ai‐Ying , Ma Zhi‐Hong , Guo Ya‐Jing , Weiss J Woodrow , Ji En‐Sheng , Chu Li 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Many studies have shown an association between increased circulating endothelin (ET)‐1 levels and CIH. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ET receptors in altered aortic function in an animal model of CIH.

Rats were subjected to CIH (Fio2 9% for 1 min, repeated every 2 min for 8 h/day, 7 days/week) for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the rats were killed and their aortas retrieved for use in in vitro experiments (isometric force measurement), histological analysis, immunohistochemistry and western blotting.

Aortas from rats subjected to CIH exhibited marked endothelial dysfunction and increased responsiveness to ET‐1. Furthermore, CIH induced increased ET‐1 and ETA receptor expression, whereas ETB receptor expression was decreased. Aortic contractile responses to ET‐1 were inhibited by the ETA and ETB receptor antagonists BQ‐123 and BQ‐788, respectively. Acetylcholine‐induced relaxation responses were significantly attenuated in aortas from rats subjected to CIH, whereas CIH had no significant effect on aortic responses to sodium nitroprusside.

The results of the present study suggest that increased expression of ETA receptors, which mediate a potent vasoconstrictor response, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CIH. In addition, decreased endothelial ETB receptor expression, which is associated with the functional decline of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation, also contributes to the pathogenesis of CIH. It appears that the ETB receptor‐induced buffering of ET‐1 responsiveness is mediated via a nitric oxide‐dependent mechanism.
Temporal development of baroreceptor dysfunction in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hildreth Cara M , Kandukuri Divya Sarma , Goodchild Ann K , Phillips Jacqueline K 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Altered autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in chronic kidney disease (CKD) contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine whether and when autonomic dysfunction occurs in a conscious, telemetered, rodent model of CKD.

In Lewis polycystic kidney (LPK; n = 8) and Lewis (n = 8) rats, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), systolic BP variability (SBPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were determined from 10 to 16 weeks of age.

The LPK rats had higher systolic BP (average across all ages: 230 ± 10 vs 122.6 ± 0.3 mmHg; P < 0.001), increased SBPV (average across all ages: 13.9 ± 1.9 vs 5.2 ± 0.2 mmHg2; P < 0.01) and reduced low‐frequency HRV power (average across all ages: 1.5 ± 0.3 vs 2.6 ± 0.2 msec2; P < 0.05). Between 10 and 12 weeks of age, SBPV increased twofold in the LPK rat (8.13 ± 1.05 vs 16.10 ± 1.31 mmHg2 for 10 vs 12 weeks of age, respectively; P < 0.001), coinciding with an approximate 40% reduction in BRS (1.32 ± 0.14 vs 0.79 ± 0.11 ms/mmHg for 10 vs 12 weeks of age, respectively; P < 0.05). There was no difference in BRS between LPK and Lewis rats at 10 weeks of age; however, from 12 weeks onwards, BRS was reduced in LPK rats (0.75 ± 0.01 vs 1.17 ± 0.04 ms/mmHg; P < 0.01).

Baroreceptor regulation of HR becomes impaired between 10 and 12 weeks of age in the LPK rat, coinciding with an increase in SBPV. Preventing baroreflex dysfunction in CKD may reduce SBPV and the associated mortality risks.
diveRsity: An R package for the estimation and exploration of population genetics parameters and their associated errors
Authors: Keenan Kevin , McGinnity Philip , Cross Tom F. , Crozier Walter W. , Prodöhl Paulo A. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

We present a new R package, diveRsity, for the calculation of various diversity statistics, including common diversity partitioning statistics (θ, GST) and population differentiation statistics (DJost, , χ2 test for population heterogeneity), among others. The package calculates these estimators along with their respective bootstrapped confidence intervals for loci, sample population pairwise and global levels. Various plotting tools are also provided for a visual evaluation of estimated values, allowing users to critically assess the validity and significance of statistical tests from a biological perspective.

diveRsity has a set of unique features, which facilitate the use of an informed framework for assessing the validity of the use of traditional F‐statistics for the inference of demography, with reference to specific marker types, particularly focusing on highly polymorphic microsatellite loci. However, the package can be readily used for other co‐dominant marker types (e.g. allozymes, SNPs).

Detailed examples of usage and descriptions of package capabilities are provided. The examples demonstrate useful strategies for the exploration of data and interpretation of results generated by diveRsity. Additional online resources for the package are also described, including a GUI web app version intended for those with more limited experience using R for statistical analysis.