bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Use and Reasons for Discontinuation of Prophylactic Medications for Episodic Migraine and Chronic Migraine: Results From the Second International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS‐II)
Authors: Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Bloudek Lisa M. , Becker Werner J. , Buse Dawn C. , Varon Sepideh F. , Maglinte Gregory A. , Wilcox Teresa K. , Kawata Ariane K. , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveOur objective was to characterize patterns of preventive medication use in persons with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).BackgroundSeveral classes of medications are used both on‐ and off‐label for the prevention of migraine, including β‐blockers (eg, propranolol, timolol), tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline), anti‐epileptic drugs (eg, topiramate, valproic acid), and neurotoxins (eg, onabotulinumtoxinA).MethodsPreventive medication use and reasons for discontinuation were collected in an international, Web‐based, cross‐sectional survey of adults with migraine during 2010. Descriptive analyses were conducted on demographics and headache‐related disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, stratified by use of preventive medication, and EM or CM. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess predictors of preventive medication use.ResultsOne thousand one hundred and sixty‐five respondents completed the survey. Only 28.3% of EM and 44.8% of CM respondents were currently using preventive medication; any use of prophylaxis (prior or current) was reported by 43.4% of those with EM and 65.9% with CM. The mean number of prophylactic medications ever used was 2.92 for EM and 3.94 for CM. Antidepressants were used most frequently (EM 60.9%; CM 54.7%), followed by β‐blockers (EM 35.4%; CM 36.8%) and anti‐epileptics (EM 28.6%; CM 36.3%). Odds of preventive medication use were higher among CM than EM, adjusting for age, gender, race, years of daily headache, and country (odds ratio 2.72; 95% confidence interval 2.15 to 3.57). Greater headache‐related disability and older age were also associated with greater odds of ever having used prophylaxis, regardless of headache frequency.ConclusionsLess than half the persons with EM and CM were currently using preventive medication for migraine, with treatment rates being higher for CM, as expected. Those with CM tried more medications than those with EM, possibly reflecting higher levels of treatment need.
Damselflies use different movement strategies for short‐ and long‐distance dispersal
Authors: Keller Daniela , Holderegger Rolf 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Dispersal is an important process for any organism, but especially for endangered species in fragmented landscapes. To enhance the dispersal of a certain species, connectivity measures are implemented, which require knowledge on the species' dispersal behaviour and habitat. It is often assumed, that the preferred reproductive habitat of a species is also used as the main dispersal habitat. Although this assumption has often been confirmed, there are also cases where it has been disproved.
With a combination of a mark‐resight study and genetic analysis conducted in a fragmented agricultural landscape in Switzerland, the dispersal habitats of the threatened damselfly Coenagrion mercuriale were analysed for different distance classes. In addition, maximum dispersal distances were estimated.
The mark‐resight study detected movement over short distances (≤500 m) mainly within the reproductive habitat of C. mercuriale (i.e. streams).
In contrast, the genetic study detected both short‐ and long‐distance dispersal. Short‐distance dispersal occurred along streams, and discontinuity of streams hindered dispersal. Long‐distance dispersal was suggested to happen along more or less straight lines and crossing agricultural land. Genetic analysis also showed that populations were well connected and that few individuals dispersed over larger distances (≤4500 m).
Our study showed that connected reproductive habitat enhanced short‐distance dispersal in C. mercuriale. Although short‐distance dispersal occurred frequently, long‐distance dispersal was rare, but important to connect more isolated populations. Therefore, it would be relevant to differentiate between these two dispersal types when planning connectivity measures.
Perspectives on How FDA Assesses Exposure to Food Additives When Evaluating Their Safety: Workshop Proceedings
Authors: Alger Heather M. , Maffini Maricel V. , Kulkarni Neesha R. , Bongard Erin D. , Neltner Thomas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFood additives and substances considered “generally recognized as safe” must not be allowed in food unless there is a reasonable certainty in the minds of competent scientists that the substance is not harmful under the intended conditions of use. Scientists determine safety by ensuring that the expected exposure is less than the acceptable daily intake. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides guidance documents to assist safety assessors in this analysis. A November 2011 workshop sponsored by The Pew Charitable Trusts, the Institute of Food Technologists, and the journal Nature reviewed the agency's exposure assessment approaches. More than 70 experts from government (including FDA), industry, academia, and public interest organizations examined the principles underlying dietary exposure assessments for substances added to human food, and responded to questions about current methods. FDA's approach was seen as serving the agency reasonably well, but participants identified opportunities for improvement. Although reaching a consensus was not a goal, general agreements emerged that FDA should develop a science‐based framework to prioritize and reassess prior safety decisions, and conduct more extensive postmarket monitoring. Participants discussed the possibility of harmonizing different approaches to assess dietary exposure. They generally agreed that collaboration, communication, and exchanging scientific information between agencies and stakeholders would help assessors use the most current information to make better decisions. Participants identified data gaps and opportunities to fill the gaps using new tools and technologies. Participants generally agreed on the need to consider all dietary sources in a cumulative dietary exposure assessment.
Loss of lingual sensitivity and slightly increased size signaling schwannoma in a patient with mixed conjunctive tissue disease
Authors: Ferreira D. C. , Nogueira G. , Cancio V. A. , Cavalcante F. S. , Godefroy P. , Sousa D. S. C. , Hespanhol W. , dos Santos K. R. N. , Cavalcante M. A. B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe an unusual case of a lingual schwannoma associated with a mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). A case report. A lingual schwannoma with loss of lingual sensitivity and slightly increased size in an 18‐year‐old patient with MCTD was correctly diagnosed through a biopsy and no reoccurrence was observed one year after the surgical removal of the tumor and sensitivity returned 3 months after surgery. This case was considered uncommon, making the clinical diagnosis challenging in view of the diversity of possibilities for its differential diagnosis, thus showing the importance of a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and long term follow up in such cases.
Rethinking Conditionality: Turkey's European Union Accession and the Kurdish Question
Authors: Cengiz Firat , Hoffmann Lars 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article assesses the recent developments in the Turkish democratic reform processes, particularly those affecting the Kurdish minority, induced by Turkey's ambition to accede to the European Union (EU). The analysis is rooted in the Europeanization literature, specifically the external incentives model. In addition to providing a systematic review of recent political developments in this area, the analysis leads us to question some of the model's basic premises. Most notably, it is found that credible EU commitment, rather than low adoption costs and weak veto players, has constituted a necessary and sufficient condition for the reform process. Likewise, there is a dynamic relationship between EU‐induced democratic reforms and adoption costs that is largely overlooked in the existing literature.
Geographic accessibility and utilization of orthodontic services among Medicaid children and adolescents
Authors: McKernan Susan C. , Kuthy Raymond A. , Momany Elizabeth T. , McQuistan Michelle R. , Hanley Paul F. , Jones Michael P. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe rates of Medicaid‐funded services provided by orthodontists in Iowa to children and adolescents, identify factors associated with utilization, and describe geographic barriers to care.MethodsWe analyzed enrollment and claims data from the Iowa Medicaid program for a 3‐year period, January 2008 through December 2010. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with utilization of orthodontic services as the main outcome variable. Service areas were identified by small area analysis in order to examine regional variability in utilization.ResultsThe overall rate of orthodontic utilization was 3.1 percent. Medicaid enrollees living in small towns and rural areas were more likely to utilize orthodontic services than those living in urban areas. Children who had an oral evaluation by a primary care provider in the year prior to the study period were more likely to receive orthodontic services. Service areas with lower population density and greater mean travel distance to participating orthodontists had higher utilization rates than smaller, more densely populated areas.ConclusionsRural residency and increased travel distances do not appear to act as barriers to orthodontic care for this population. The wide variability of utilization rates seen across service areas may be related to workforce supply in the form of orthodontists who accept Medicaid‐insured patients. Referrals to orthodontists from primary care dentists may improve access to specialty care for Medicaid enrollees.
Purinergic signalling during sterile liver injury
Authors: Oliveira André G. , Marques Pedro E. , Amaral Sylvia S. , Quintão Jayane L. D. , Cogliati Bruno , Dagli Maria L. Z. , Rogiers Vera , Vanhaecke Tamara , Vinken Mathieu , Menezes Gustavo B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe liver plays a vital role in the organism, and thousands of patients suffer and even die from hepatic complications every year. Viral hepatitis is one of the most important causes of liver‐related pathological processes. However, sterile liver diseases, such as drug‐induced liver injury, cirrhosis and fibrosis, are still a worldwide concern and contribute significantly to liver transplantation statistics. During hepatocyte death, several genuine intracellular contents are released to the interstitium, where they will trigger inflammatory responses that may boost organ injury. Intracellular purines are key molecules to several metabolic pathways and regulate cell bioenergetics. However, seminal studies in early 70s revealed that purines may also participate in cell‐to‐cell communication, and more recent data have unequivocally demonstrated that the purinergic signalling plays a key role in the recognition of cell functionality by neighbouring cells and also by the immune system. This new body of knowledge has pointed out that several promising therapeutic opportunities may rely on the modulation of purine release and sensing during diseases. Here, we review the most recent data on the physiological roles of purinergic signalling and how its imbalance may contribute to injury progression during sterile liver injury.
5‐HT2A receptor antagonists inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and facilitate apoptosis
Authors: Kim Dong Chan , Jun Dae Won , Kwon Young Il , Lee Kang Nyeong , Lee Hang Lak , Lee Oh Young , Yoon Byung Chul , Choi Ho Soon , Kim Eun Kyung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptors are upregulated in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and are therefore thought to play an important role in their activation.AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether 5‐HT2A receptor antagonists affect the activation or apoptosis of HSCs in vitro and/or in vivo.MethodsFor the in vitro experiments, the viability, apoptosis and wound healing ability of LX‐2 cells were examined after treatment with various 5‐HT2A receptor antagonists. Levels of HSC activation markers (procollagen type I, α‐SMA, TGF‐β and Smad 2/3) were measured. For in vivo experiments, rats were divided into three groups: (i) a control group, (ii) a disease group, in which cirrhosis was induced by thioacetamide (iii) a treatment group, in which cirrhosis was induced and a 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist (sarpogrelate, 30 mg/kg) was administered.Results5‐HT2A, but not 5‐HT2B receptor mRNA increased with time upon HSC activation. 5‐HT2A receptor antagonists (ketanserin and sarpogrelate) inhibited viability and wound healing in LX‐2 cells and induced apoptosis. Expression of α‐SMA and procollagen type I was also inhibited. In the in vivo study, lobular inflammation was reduced in the sarpogrelate‐treated group, but there was only slight and statistically insignificant attenuation of periportal fibrosis. Expression of α‐SMA, TGF‐β and Smad 2/3 was also reduced in the treatment group.Conclusions5‐HT2A receptor antagonists can reduce inflammation and the activation of HSCs in this cirrhotic model.
Perivascular Innervation: A Multiplicity of Roles in Vasomotor Control and Myoendothelial Signaling
Authors: Westcott Erika B. , Segal Steven S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe control of vascular resistance and tissue perfusion reflect coordinated changes in the diameter of feed arteries and the arteriolar networks they supply. Against a background of myogenic tone and metabolic demand, vasoactive signals originating from perivascular sympathetic and sensory nerves are integrated with endothelium‐derived signals to produce vasodilation or vasoconstriction. PVNs release adrenergic, cholinergic, peptidergic, purinergic, and nitrergic neurotransmitters that lead to SMC contraction or relaxation via their actions on SMCs, ECs, or other PVNs. ECs release autacoids that can have opposing actions on SMCs. Respective cell layers are connected directly to each other through GJs at discrete sites via MEJs projecting through holes in the IEL. Whereas studies of intercellular communication in the vascular wall have centered on endothelium‐derived signals that govern SMC relaxation, attention has increasingly focused on signaling from SMCs to ECs. Thus, via MEJs, neurotransmission from PVNs can evoke distinct responses from ECs subsequent to acting on SMCs. To integrate this emerging area of investigation in light of vasomotor control, the present review synthesizes current understanding of signaling events that originate within SMCs in response to perivascular neurotransmission in light of EC feedback. Although often ignored in studies of the resistance vasculature, PVNs are integral to blood flow control and can provide a physiological stimulus for myoendothelial communication. Greater understanding of these underlying signaling events and how they may be affected by aging and disease will provide new approaches for selective therapeutic interventions.
ParA of Mycobacterium smegmatis co‐ordinates chromosome segregation with the cell cycle and interacts with the polar growth determinant DivIVA
Authors: Ginda Katarzyna , Bezulska Martyna , Ziółkiewicz Małgorzata , Dziadek Jarosław , Zakrzewska‐Czerwińska Jolanta , Jakimowicz Dagmara 
Published: January 2013

SummaryMycobacteria are among the clinically most important pathogens, but still not much is known about the mechanisms of their cell cycle control. Previous studies suggested that the genes encoding ParA and ParB (ATPase and DNA binding protein, respectively, required for active chromosome segregation) may be essential in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further research has demonstrated that a Mycobacterium smegmatis parB deletion mutant was viable but exhibited a chromosome segregation defect. Here, we address the question if ParA is required for the growth of M. smegmatis, and which cell cycle processes it affects. Our data show that parA may be deleted, but its deletion leads to growth inhibition and severe disturbances of chromosome segregation and septum positioning. Similar defects are also caused by ParA overproduction. EGFP–ParA localizes as pole‐associated complexes connected with a patch of fluorescence accompanying two ParB complexes. Observed aberrations in the number and positioning of ParB complexes in the parA deletion mutant indicate that ParA is required for the proper localization of the ParB complexes. Furthermore, it is shown that ParA colocalizes and interacts with the polar growth determinant Wag31 (DivIVA homologue). Our results demonstrate that mycobacterial ParA mediates chromosome segregation and co‐ordinates it with cell division and elongation.
Tuberculosis presenting as a neck abscess
Authors: Dunphy L. , Boyd D. , Holland I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is still the most fatal infectious disease worldwide. It remains a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge because it mimics other pathological processes and yields inconsistent physical and laboratory findings. We present a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis presenting in the cervical lymph nodes of a young male.
A psychological preoperative program: effects on anxiety and cooperative behaviors
Authors: Cuzzocrea Francesca , Gugliandolo Maria C. , Larcan Rosalba , Romeo Carmelo , Turiaco Nunzio , Dominici Tiziana 
Published: January 2013

SummaryAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a psychological preoperative program in reducing preoperative anxiety and in promoting compliance of pediatric participants with surgical procedures.MethodsFifty children and their mothers were subjected to two conditions of treatment to investigate whether psychological preparation activities and psychologist's support during all phases of the operatory iter (group 1) were as efficient in reducing mothers' and child's anxiety and in increasing the child's compliance as distraction activities (group 2). The observed child anxiety was assessed using mYPAS; compliant behaviors with Induction Compliance Checklist; and mothers' anxiety with Amsterdam Pre‐operative Anxiety and Information Scale.ResultsChildren of the first group were less anxious and more cooperative in the preoperative period and during anesthesia induction than in the other condition. The psychological program was also more efficient in reducing mothers' anxiety. Finally, the mothers of group 1 showed a significantly higher satisfaction and judged as significantly more effective the program proposed to prepare their children than the mothers of group 2.ConclusionsPreparing children through playful dramatization of the operative procedure, manipulation of medical instruments and psychologist's support may be useful in pediatric surgery structures.
Endoscopic airway findings in children with or without prior endotracheal intubation
Authors: Weiss Markus , Dave Mital , Bailey Martin , Gysin Claudine , Hoeve Hans , Hammer Jürg , Nicolai Thomas , Spielmann Nelly , Gerber Andreas 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundAirway alterations found after endotracheal intubation are usually associated with mechanical trauma from the tube. However, no studies are available concerning alterations in airways that have never been intubated before. It was the aim of the study to compare endoscopic findings in the larynx and trachea of children who had undergone prior endotracheal intubation with findings in children who had not been intubated before.MethodsIn 1021 children aged from 0 to 6 years, rigid endoscopies were performed before planned elective endotracheal intubation. The anonymized endoscopy videos were reviewed and graded by five international airway experts. Data was compared between the two groups using the chi‐square test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsEndoscopic records of 971 children (473 with prior intubation; 498 without prior airway intubation) were included in the final calculations. Most patients (93.7%) with prior intubation had been intubated with a cuffed tube. The number of intubations ranged from 1 to 27. The median interval between intubation and endoscopy was 0.53 years (0.003–5.57 years). Abnormal findings were observed in 31.7% and 26.8% of patients with and without prior intubation, respectively (P = 0.063). Glottic granulomas were significantly more common after intubation (3.6% vs 1.4%; P = 0.028). The incidence of other abnormal findings was similar in both groups.ConclusionEndoscopic airway alterations can be observed in about one‐quarter of children presenting for routine surgery without prior intubation. Except for glottic granulomas, the abnormalities are found with similar frequency in patients with and without prior intubation. No relevant airway damage from short‐term endotracheal intubation was found.
Journeys through aroma space: a novel approach towards the selection of aroma‐enriched strawberry cultivars in breeding programmes
Authors: Vandendriessche Thomas , Geerts Pascal , Membrebe Bernard N. , Keulemans Johan , NicolaÏ Bart M. , Hertog Maarten L.A.T.M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConsumers often criticize the sensory quality of modern strawberry cultivars. Therefore, a new and fast workflow for cultivar selection was developed to aid in the development of cultivars with enhanced aroma. This workflow consists of Headspace (HS) solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fast GC‐MS used for high‐throughput aroma analysis of parents and hybrids. For data analysis, a chemometrical workflow was created. With a principal component analysis (PCA), the aroma similarity between the samples and a target aroma was evaluated. In order to know how the aroma profiles of the parents and hybrids are situated towards this target aroma, the Euclidean distances were calculated. These were then further used for a partial least‐squares (PLS) regression analysis to determine which aroma compounds are responsible for the observed distance to the target. By using this new approach, hybrids showing aroma profiles similar to the target aroma can be identified as most suitable candidates for further breeding cycles. Besides being time‐saving, the suggested workflow introduces aroma analysis as an integral part of breeding programmes. It prevents losing the coherence within the aroma profile and subsequently the loss of important information.
Hagiography and Early Medieval History1
Authors: Taylor Anna 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the first half of the 1990s, several scholars challenged the idea of hagiography as a genre in late antiquity and the early and central Middle Ages. Focusing on pre‐twelfth‐century Latin narratives about saints, I briefly survey scholarship from the last two decades and consider how it has engaged with this issue. Using examples of neglected and unusual “hagiographic” texts, I explore the possibilities and limitations of alternative approaches. Hagiography is a modern construct that is often treated as a medieval reality. Not only hagiography, but the idea of genre itself, is overly restrictive for understanding the great diversity of writings about saints. Anachronistic ideas of hagiography and genre have obscured the creativity of many works and the fluidity of literary traditions. Instead of appealing to modern classifications, we need to pay attention to the full range of evidence for the multiple literary traditions that writers, readers, and scribes invoked, and for the various uses to which they put the individual works.