bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of crystal chemistry of natural silicates of alkaline elements in the light of new structural data
Authors: Zubkova N. V. , Pekov I. V. , Pushcharovsky D. Yu. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA review is presented here of the crystal chemistry of natural silicates of alkaline elements, mainly Na, with a focus on reporting recent data on the structural mineralogy of the new members of this chemical family and their crystal structures. The majority of the natural hydrous silicates of alkaline elements studied are characterized by a specific crystal-chemical feature − the presence of silanol groups Si−OH. The discovery of the two new minerals, chesnokovite and yegorovite, means that all the main topological types of the [SixOy] complexes are represented in the crystal structures for this family.
Crystal-chemistry and short-range order of fluoro-edenite and fluoro-pargasite: a combined X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopic approach
Authors: Della Ventura G. , Bellatreccia F. , Cámara F. , Oberti R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study addresses the crystal chemistry of a set of five samples of F-rich amphiboles from the Franklin marble (USA), using a combination of microchemical (Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA)), single-crystal refinement (SREF) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The EMPA data show that three samples fall into the compositional field of fluoro-edenite (Hawthorne et al., 2012), whereas two samples are enriched in high-charged C cations and – although very close to theCR3+boundary – must be classified as fluoro-pargasite. Magnesium is by far the dominant C cation, Ca is the dominant B cation (withBNa in the range 0.00−0.05 a.p.f.u., atoms per formula unit) and Na is the dominant A cation, withA☐ (vacancy) in the range 0.07−0.21 a.p.f.u.;WF is in the range 1.18−1.46 a.p.f.u. SREF data show that: TAl is completely ordered at the T(1) site; theM(1) site is occupied only by divalent cations (Mg and Fe2+);CAl is disordered between theM(2) andM(3) sites;ANa is ordered at the A(m) site, as expected in F-rich compositions. The FTIR spectra show a triplet of intense and sharp components at ~3690, 3675 and 3660 cm−1, which are assigned to the amphibole and the systematic presence of two very broad absorptions at 3560 and 3430 cm−1. These latter are assigned, on the basis of polarized measurements and FPA (focal plane array) imaging, to chlorite-type inclusions within the amphibole matrix. Up to eight components can be fitted to the spectra; band assignment based on previous literature on similar compositions shows thatCAl is disordered over theM(2) andM(3) sites, thus supporting the SREF conclusions based on the <M−O> bond distance analysis. The measured frequencies of all components are typical of O−H groups pointing towards Si−O(7)−Al tetrahedral linkages, thus allowing characterization of the SRO (shortrange- order) ofTAl in the double chain. Accordingly, the spectra show that in the fluoro-edenite/ pargasite structure, the T cations, Si and Al, are ordered in such a way that Si−O(7)−Si linkages regularly alternate with Si−O(7)−Al linkages along the double chain.
Thermal expansion inC2/cpyroxenes: a review and new high-temperature structural data for a pyroxene of composition (Na0.53Ca0.47)(Al0.53Fe0.47)Si2O6(Jd53Hd47)
Authors: Tribaudino M. , Mantovani L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSingle-crystal X-ray data collection was performedin situatT= 300 and 700°C on a sample synthesized along the jadeite–hedenbergite series. The structural data, together with those of a previous investigation of a crystal of the same composition, were compared to those of the endmembers. The evolution of the displacement parameters with temperature shows significant residuals for the O1, O2 and O3 oxygen atT= 0 K, most significantly in the O1, which were interpreted as an indication of positional disorder.Volume thermal expansion and axial deformation ellipsoids were calculated for the above sample together with those of a series ofC2/cpyroxenes. Pyroxenes with a divalent M2 cation, Ca, Fe and Mg have a greater expansion than those with a monovalent M2, like Na and Li; the Na pyroxene endmembers with Al, Cr and Fe were observed to show greater expansion than corresponding Li ones.The greater axial expansion is found along thebaxis, except in LiCrSi2O6; the changes along thebaxis are related to the volume thermal expansion. The axial orientation and anisotropy of the two axes onto the (010) plane is different in Na, Li and Ca-Mg-Fe pyroxenes, but the overall expansion onto the (010) plane, given by the sum of the scalar expansion along the two axes on (010), is very similar in pyroxenes.The deformation along thebaxis with temperature and composition is driven by the deformation along b of the octahedral M1 chain; most important is the contribution from the O1−O1 shared edge between M1 octahedra in the same octahedral chain.
The crystal structure of sarmientite, Fe23+ (AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·5H2O, solved ab initio from laboratory powder diffraction data
Authors: Colombo F. , Rius J. , Vallcorba O. , Pannunzio Miner E. V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe crystal structure of sarmientite, Fe23+ (AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·5H2O, from the type locality (Santa Elena mine, San Juan Province, Argentina), was solved and refined from in-house powder diffraction data (CuKα1,2 radiation). It is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with unit-cell dimensions a = 6.5298(1), b = 18.5228(4), c = 9.6344(3) Å, β = 97.444(2)º, V = 1155.5(5) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure model was derived from cluster-based Patterson-function direct methods and refined by means of the Rietveld method to Rwp = 0.0733 (X2 = 2.20). The structure consists of pairs of octahedral-tetrahedral (Fe−As) chains at (y,z) = (0,0) and (½,½), running along a. There are two symmetry-independent octahedral Fe sites. The Fe1 octahedra share two corners with the neighbouring arsenate groups. Both individual chains are related by a symmetry centre and joined by two symmetry-related Fe2 octahedra. Each Fe2 octahedron shares three corners with double-chain polyhedra (O3, O4 with arsenate groups; the O8 hydroxyl group with the Fe1 octahedron) and one corner (O11) with the monodentate sulfate group. The coordination of the Fe2 octahedron is completed by two H2O molecules (O9 and O10). There is also a complex network of H bonds that connects polyhedra within and among chains. Raman and infrared spectra show that (SO4)2− tetrahedra are strongly distorted.
Local order in wüstite using a pair distribution function (PDF) approach
Authors: Welberry T. R. , Goossens D. J. , Heerdegen A. P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe show how different aspects of a model of the complex disordered structure of wüstite, Fe1−xO, affect the pair distribution function (PDF) and powder diffraction pattern. The aim is to assess the efficacy of using these techniques to determine details of local structure. The different aspects include the nature of the individual defect clusters, the nature of the paracrystalline superlattice on which they are distributed and the ‘size-effect’ relaxation of the basic rocksalt FeO matrix around the defects. The results show that PDF data are sensitive to those aspects of the models that have a significant effect on the populations of interatomic spacings but are less able to determine correlation structures in the samples if these do not have a substantial interaction with interatomic separations.
Solitary splenic metastasis of ovarian carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Karni Dror , Kopelman Doron , Hatoum Ossama Abu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Splenic metastasis from ovarian carcinoma generally presents as peritoneal spread with multiorgan involvement. Fewer than 30 cases of solitary parenchymal splenic metastasis from ovarian carcinoma have been published in the literature. The presentation is often asymptomatic.

Case presentation
An increase in tumor marker CA-125 from 18.1 to 132.6 units/ml (normal <35 units/ml) was measured in a 56-year-old Israeli Jewish woman who had undergone, six years previously, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to right ovarian carcinoma. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a mass of 6×8cm at the anterior of the spleen, with close proximity to the wall of the stomach. A gastroscopy demonstrated exterior pressure on the stomach body. An open splenectomy was performed to exclude a peritoneal carcinomatosis. No intraoperative evidence of tumoral spreading in the abdominal cavity was observed, other than the spleen. The final histologic result demonstrated a high-grade carcinoma consistent with metastatic endometrioid-type ovarian carcinoma grade 3.

Conclusions
This case highlights the importance of cancer antigen 125 assessment and medical imaging in the follow-up of ovarian carcinoma. Open laparotomy, or laparoscopy, enables exclusion of a peritoneal carcinomatosis, which is more common than solitary parenchymal splenic metastasis, as was presented in the current case.
Mechanic’s hands revisited: is this sign still useful for diagnosis in patients with lung involvement of collagen vascular diseases?
Authors: Sohara Erei , Saraya Takeshi , Sato Shinji , Tsujimoto Naoki , Watanabe Takayasu , Takata Saori , Tanaka Yasutaka , Ishii Haruyuki , Takizawa Hajime , Goto Hajime 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
The presence of “mechanic’s hands” is one of the clinical clues for collagen vascular diseases. However, the exact relevance of “mechanic’s hands” in collagen vascular diseases has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to clarify the relevance of “mechanic’s hands” to collagen vascular diseases including various skin lesions and interstitial pneumonia.

Methods
A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with “mechanic’s hands” at our hospital between April 2011 and December 2012 was conducted. A PubMed search was also conducted using the term “mechanic’s hands”.

Results
Four patients in our institution and 40 patients obtained from PubMed who had “mechanic’s hands” were identified. The most frequent diseases were DM/amyopathic DM (n = 24, 54.5%) and anti-ARS syndrome (n = 17, 38.6%). In these patients, the major skin lesions associated with “mechanic’s hands” were periungual erythema (n = 23, 52.3%), Gottron’s sign (n = 17, 38.6%), heliotrope rash (n = 10, 22.7%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (n = 9, 20.5%), and anti-ARS syndrome (n = 17, 38.6%). Six cases (2 DM, 4 anti-ARS syndrome) had only “mechanic’s hands”. Antibodies to anti-ARS (n = 24) were Jo-1 (n = 19), PL-7 (n = 3), OJ (n = 1), and PL-12 (n = 1).

Conclusion
The presence of “mechanic’s hands” together with diverse skin lesions could be a clinical clue to the diagnosis of lung involvement associated with collagen vascular diseases, especially in anti-ARS syndrome or DM/amyopathic DM.
Analysis of dose measurement other than the radiation protection during the radiographic examination
Authors: Kim Ki-Youl , Cho Jae-Hwan , Lee Hae-Kag 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The study measured the dose on body regions that were not shielded to protect from radiation exposure during the general procedure, with the goal of providing basic radiation dose data for radiological technologists who perform the radiographic examination.

Materials and methods
Shooting parts with the phantom were similar to human tissues using general shooting equipment in the general examination room. The scattered rays were measured with the ion chamber. The hand received the highest average radiation dose and the kidney the lowest. The same pattern was evident for the average equivalent dose. The available daily shooting was highest in the anterior/posterior skull, followed by the posterior/anterior chest, abdomen, anterior/posterior spine and extremities.

Results
The daily available numbers for the eye were lower than other body regions (6-times, 4-times, 26-times, 3-times and 121-times) and the numbers on the foot were higher than for other regions (73-times, 48-times, 263-times, 39-times and 702-times).

Conclusions
Radiation should be thoroughly blocked by the apron to protect the radiological technologist from the radiation exposure, the proper distance from the irradiation source should be maintained exposure is inevitable and the exposure dose and working environment shall be regularly assessed to ensure minimal exposure dose of the radiological technologist in accordance with the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendation.
Combining the strength of genomics, nanoparticle technology, and direct intraductal delivery for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Teo Wei Wen , Sukumar Saraswati 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA large number of genes are altered in cancer cells. Often, reversal or inhibition of just one of these alterations leads to death of the cancer cells. Technological advances in multiple areas are necessary to potentiate clinical translation of these findings. In a recent article, Brock and colleagues reported that overexpressed HOXA1 is a critical event in tumor progression in a mouse mammary tumor model. They developed HOXA1-small interfering RNA nanoparticles and achieved effective therapeutic doses by delivering them intraductally through the nipple to the site of the tumor and at the same time circumvented the systemic immune response. This study strengthens the concept of targeting overexpressed genes by using small interfering RNA and bypassing systemic immunity through local intraductal delivery.
Evidence-base for aspirin as venous thromboembolic prophylaxis following joint replacement
Authors: Jameson S. S. , Baker P. N. , Deehan D. J. , Port A. , Reed M. R. 
Published: May 2014

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has thus far relied on historical data and predominantly industry-sponsored trials to provide evidence for venous thromboembolic (VTE) prophylaxis in joint replacement patients. We argue that the NICE guidelines may be reliant on assumptions that are in need of revision. Following the publication of large scale, independent observational studies showing little difference between low-molecular-weight heparins and aspirin, and recent changes to the guidance provided by other international bodies, should NICE reconsider their recommendations? Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:146–9.
A Remark on Newest Vertex Bisection in Any Space Dimension
Authors: Gallistl Dietmar , Schedensack Mira , Stevenson Rob P. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
With newest vertex bisection, there is no uniform bound on the number of n-simplices that need to be refined to arrive at the smallest conforming refinement

𝒯
'

$\mathcal {T}^{\prime }$

of a conforming partition

𝒯

$\mathcal {T}$

in which one simplex has been bisected. In this note, we show that the difference in levels between any

T
'

∈

𝒯
'

$T^{\prime } \in \mathcal {T}^{\prime }$

and its ancestor

T
∈
𝒯

$T \in \mathcal {T}$

is uniformly bounded.
This result has been used in
Lemma 4.2 of [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 51 (2013), 2935–2955]
by Carstensen and the first two authors.
Analytic in planar domains functions with preassigned asymptotic set
Authors: Ganenkova Ekaterina G. , Starkov Victor V. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In 1954 M. Heins proved that, for every
analytic set A containing the infinity, there exists an entire
function whose set of asymptotic values at the infinity equals A.
We obtain analogs of this result for functions analytic in planar
domains of arbitrary connectivity.
Freeze-Thaw-Cycles on Borehole Heat Exchanger Grouts: Impact on the Hydraulic Properties
Authors: Anbergen Hauke , Frank Jens , Müller Lutz , Sass Ingo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper a testing device is described that measures the hydraulic conductivity of grout specimens for Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE). During the operation of closed-loop ground source heat pumps running with antifreeze, freezing of the backfill can occur due to extensive heat extraction. This laboratory device can assess the influence of frost on the hydraulic seals of BHEs. The device is based on a triaxial flexible wall permeameter. A freely selectable number of cyclic freeze-thaw-stresses as well as a confining pressure simulating radial earth pressure (σ2 = σ3) can be applied. Specimens are composed of an annular grout body and a polyethylene pipe simulating the BHE system. The freezing direction is perpendicular to the vertical axis of the BHE from the inside to the outside. Numerical coupled modeling was applied to verify the results of the temperature distribution inside the specimens. It was observed and modeled that the propagation of the frost front and the fabric disintegration processes are correlated. Results of three different grouting materials will be presented. With its relative small dimensions the device can be easily implemented into soil mechanical laboratories and thus can contribute to quality control of grouts.
Improved Isotropically Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Test Method for Non-Self-Supporting Materials
Authors: Zhu Wei , Wang Rui , Zuo Jia , Lin Cheng , Min Fanlu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The non-self-supporting materials that are often encountered in practice include shield tunnel grout, cement mortar, mine tailings, and dredged sludge. These materials typically have characteristics of high moisture content and high flowability. So far, a complete mechanical process (e.g., consolidation and shearing) of the non-self-supporting materials has not been well characterized because the materials of high flowability cannot be tested directly in conventional triaxial test equipment. This paper presents an improved triaxial test method capable of preparing the flowable specimens and testing them in a conventional triaxial apparatus. The procedure includes: (1) a flowable specimen prepared in the split mold and forced to be erective through a small confining pressure applied to the holes built in the split mold, (2) the split mold was detached from the specimen using the specially designed components and remained in the triaxial cell, and (3) the specimen was then subjected to the consolidation and shearing test. The improved triaxial test method was used to test the shield tunnel grout, dredged sludge, and the dry sand in an isotropically consolidated undrained shear condition. The test results indicated the improved triaxial method was used successfully to simulate the stress–strain behavior of the non-self-supporting materials in a holistic manner.
Comparison of True Triaxial and Hollow Cylinder Tests on Cross-Anisotropic Sand Specimens
Authors: Lade Poul V. , Rodriguez Nina M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Experiments have been performed in true triaxial equipment and in hollow cylinder equipment on dense Fine Nevada sand to study and compare the influence of the intermediate principal stress on the behavior observed in the two types of apparatuses. By suitable application of outside and inside pressures in hollow cylinder tests performed on cross-anisotropic sand deposits with horizontal bedding planes (without application of shear stresses), generated stress states are comparable with those applied in true triaxial tests on oriented specimens in Sector I and III of the octahedral plane. Stress non-uniformities occur in the hollow cylinder specimens and they may affect the results of these tests. The experiments showed good comparison in Sector I, but those in Sector III were not comparable because the hollow cylinder tests showed effects of buckling instability, failure in the σ2-direction, and effects of stiff versus flexible boundaries through which the pressures were applied.
Alternatives for the Detection of Residual Polyacrylamide in Geotextile Tube Dewatering—Streaming Current Detection and China Clay Settling Rate Methods
Authors: Bhatia Shobha K. , Khachan Mahmoud M. , Stallings Andrew M. , Smith Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The use of polyacrylamide (PAM)-based flocculants has become an essential component of most geotextile tube dewatering projects. Although knowledge of the residual flocculant concentration in geotextile tube supernatant and effluent is essential to the safe use of PAM-based flocculants, residual flocculant concentration is not commonly measured in geotextile tube dewatering operations. Furthermore, there is no ASTM standard test method for measuring residual flocculant concentrations in water. This paper presents a comparative study of two different methods that are commonly used to measure residual flocculant concentrations in water: the Streaming Current Detection (SCD) method and the China Clay Settling Rate (CCSR) method, to evaluate their applicability to the geotextile tube industry. The comparison is based on an analysis of measured residual PAM concentrations obtained for five different cationic PAM polymers used to flocculate Tully fines soil. Optimum flocculant doses for the Tully fines soil were determined using the jar test (ASTM D2035-08) for three different solids concentrations by mass (5, 15, and 33 %). The SCD and CCSR methods were performed on the supernatants of Tully fines that were conditioned at their optimum doses and at concentrations 50 % above their optimum dose. Laboratory test results showed that both the SCD and CCSR methods produced similar residual PAM concentration results for the polymer/soil combinations tested. The SCD method, however, produced more consistent and repeatable results in comparison to the CCSR method. The SCD method was also easier to use and could be performed in shorter amounts of time than the CCSR method. Based on the results, it is recommended that the SCD method be standardized and used to measure residual PAM-based flocculant concentrations in geotextile tube supernatant and effluent.
Centrifuge Modelling of Diaphragm Wall Construction Adjacent to Piled Foundations
Authors: Choy C. K. , Standing J. R. , Mair R. J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Diaphragm walls are often implemented to support the sides of deep excavations and in urban environments situations increasingly occur where it is necessary to install them close to existing piled structures. There is a lack of good quality field monitoring case studies to help understand this complex three-dimensional soil–structure interaction problem. It can be investigated using numerical analysis or an alternative approach is to perform small-scale model tests in a geotechnical centrifuge. This paper describes a sophisticated model construction system that was developed to simulate the construction sequence (excavation and casting of concrete) of a single or series of three diaphragm wall panels in sand as part of a study to investigate the influence of constructing diaphragm walls adjacent to piled foundations. Prior to wall construction an adjacent instrumented model pile was driven in-flight and a constant force maintained at the pile head to simulate axially loaded piles. The system response was captured through the use of miniature soil stress cells, LVDTs, and laser displacement sensors. A detailed description of the centrifuge model and test procedures developed is presented and the necessary simplifications and associated errors discussed. The effectiveness of the small-scale physical model is demonstrated by presenting some selected test results (soil stresses and deformations).
Discussion of “Atterberg Limits and Remolded Shear Strength—Water Content Relationships”
Authors: Prakash K. , Sridharan A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The present discussion tries to bring out the importance of clay mineralogical composition of fine-grained soils on their liquid limit behaviour. It reinforces the author's observation that the undrained shear strengths at liquid limit water content and at plastic limit water content are not unique.