bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Cellular Composition and Cytokine-Release Kinetics of Various Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations
Authors: Oh Joo Han , Kim Woo , Park Kyoung Un , Roh Young Hak 
Published: October 2015

Background: Variations in formulations used to prepare platelet-rich plasmas (PRPs) result in differences in the cellular composition and biomolecular characteristics. Purpose: To evaluate the cellular composition and the cytokine-release kinetics of PRP according to differences in the preparation protocols. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five preparation procedures were performed for 14 healthy subjects, including 2 manual procedures (single-spin [SS] at 900 g for 5 minutes; double-spin [DS] at 900 g for 5 minutes and then 1500 g for 15 minutes) and 3 methods with commercial kits (Arthrex ACP, Biomet GPS, and Prodizen Prosys). After evaluation of cellular composition, each preparation was divided into 4 aliquots and incubated for 1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days for the assessment of cytokine release over time. The cytokine-release kinetics were evaluated by assessing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and matrix metalloproteinase–9 (MMP-9) concentrations of each aliquot with bead-based sandwich immunoassay. Results: The DS PRP had a higher concentration of platelets and leukocytes than did the SS PRP. Every PRP preparation exhibited an increase in PDGF, TGF, VEGF, and FGF release when compared with whole blood samples. The FGF and TGF release occurred quickly and decreased over time, while the PDGF and VEGF release was constant and sustained over 7 days. The PDGF and VEGF concentrations were higher in the DS PRP than in the SS PRP, whereas the TGF and FGF concentrations were higher in the SS PRP than in the DS PRP. Biomet GPS had the highest VEGF and MMP-9 concentrations but the lowest TGF concentration. Arthrex ACP had the highest FGF concentration but the lowest PDGF concentration. Prodizen Prosys had the highest IL-1 concentration and higher PDGF concentration than Arthrex ACP. Conclusion: The DS method generally led to a higher concentration of platelet relative to the SS method. However, the cytokine content was not necessarily proportional to the cellular composition of the PRPs, as the greater content could be different between the SS or DS method depending on the type of cytokine. Clinical Relevance: Physicians should select proper PRP preparations after considering their biomolecular characteristics and patient indications.
Trends in Global Nutrition Policy and Implications for Japanese Development Policy
Authors: Nomura Marika , Takahashi Kenzo , Reich Michael R. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Although the issue of nutrition was long underrepresented in the global health agenda, it regained international attention with the introduction of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) framework. A historical review of global nutrition policies over 4 decades illustrates the evolution of nutrition policy themes and the challenges confronted by SUN. Objective: This study reviews major events in global nutrition policy from the 1970s to the SUN movement around 2010 to illustrate the dynamics of global agenda setting for nutrition policy along with implications for the government of Japan. Methods: The events are categorized according to each decade’s nutrition paradigm: nutrition and its socioeconomic features in the 1970s, nutrition and community programs in the 1980s, nutrition as a political issue in the 1990s, and nutrition and evidence in the 2000s. Results: This study identified 2 findings: First, the arguments that led to a global consensus on nutrition policy generated paradigm shifts in core ideas, and second, in response to these paradigm shifts, global nutrition policies have changed significantly over time. With regard to Japan, this analysis concludes that the government of Japan can take a greater initiative in the global health community as supporter of SUN by strategically developing a combination of financial, political, and practical approaches to improve global nutrition policy through the concepts of Universal Health Coverage and Human Security.
Women's beliefs, views and practices concerning medication use during pregnancy in rural Malawi
Authors: Kabuluzi Ezereth , Campbell Malcolm , Brabin Loretta , McGowan Linda 
Published: October 2015

Background/Aim: Medication use by women of childbearing age is common and cannot be totally avoided because some pregnant women may have chronic pathological conditions that require continuous or uninterrupted treatment. Women may hold different beliefs about the use of medication during pregnancy, which affects their use. This study explores women's beliefs, views and practices concerning medication use during pregnancy. Methods: In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were held with 21 pregnant women (age range: 20–39 years) during their first visit to an antenatal clinic at Mitundu Community Hospital in Malawi. Data were collected using an interview guide between February and July 2010. Results: This is the first study in Malawi to interview women about their beliefs and views on medication use in early pregnancy. Notably, most women interviewed in this study did not rely wholly on western or traditional medicine, but used both. This was irrespective of age, parity and educational level. Three overarching themes emerged from the analytical process, namely: i) beliefs about modern and traditional medicines; ii) choice of medication during pregnancy; iii) protection from witchcraft. Conclusions: In general, the beliefs, views and practices of women concerning medication use during pregnancy demonstrate a reliance on superstitious or cultural beliefs to explain the causes of complications during pregnancy. Most of the women interviewed in this study had limited exposure to information, resulting in ignorance of medication use during pregnancy. Women need to be much better educated and encouraged to ask questions so that they are less accepting of superstitious beliefs.
Reviews
Authors: Gere Charlie , Gallavardin Geraldine 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Drawn Word, Stephen Farthing and Janet McKenzie (eds) (2014) New York/London: Studio International and The Studio Trust, NY, 128 pp., ISBN: 9780983259954, pbk, £20.00
Draw to Perform2 symposium, NUM3ER London, 16–17 May 2015
FASTA Herder: a web application to trim protein sequence sets
Authors: Louis-Jeune Caroline , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. , Perez-Iratxeta Carol 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The ever increasing number of sequences in protein databases usually turns out large numbers of homologs in sequence similarity searches. While information from homology can be very useful for functional prediction based on amino acid conservation, many of these homologs usually have high levels of identity among themselves, which hinders multiple sequence alignment computation and, especially, visualization. More generally, high redundancy reduces the usability of a protein set in machine learning applications and biases statistical analyses. We developed an algorithm to identify redundant sequence homologs that can be culled producing a streamlined FASTA file. As a difference from other automatic approaches that only aggregate sequences with high identity, our method clusters near-full length homologs allowing for lower sequence identity thresholds. Our method was fully tested and implemented in a web application called FASTA Herder, publicly available at http://fh.ogic.ca/.
The Nuba Mountains between Coercion and Persuasion during Mahdist Rule (1881–98)
Authors: Ille Enrico 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article follows the attempts of Sudan’s Mahdist rulers between 1881 and 1898 to establish a military, political, and cultural foothold in the Nuba Mountains, a region now close to the southern border of Sudan and historically a mountainous retreat area. These attempts started with talks held between religious authorities in the kingdom of Tegali and Muḥammad Aḥmad before he declared himself to be the Mahdī. This exchange of arguments initiated complex relations between the Mahdist regime and the population of the Nuba Mountains, relations that, for the most part, were characterized by violence and oppression but were also permeated by persuasion and cooperation. The article aims at providing a description of these relations, based on a review of available documents from the period. In conclusion, the author highlights the point that a focus on the actions of people usually regarded as peripheral, based on the perspective of supraregional power elites, can raise important questions on the modalities of political and cultural self-determination in specific times and places and also challenge generalized narratives of historical developments as clashes between powerful cultures defined as self-contained, mutually hostile blocs.
Cosmopolitan Youth Religious Movements in Ethiopia: Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahədo Youth as Vanguard and Self-Appointed Masters of Ceremony
Authors: Zeleke Meron 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The trajectories of youth religiosity have not received much scholarly attention in anthropological studies of the Horn of Africa. The present article addresses this gap through an in-depth ethnographic study of contemporary developments around the Ethiopian Orthodox Tawahədo Church (EOTC). It also aims to advance the anthropological understanding of the agency of religious youth by going beyond the rupture thesis, which emphasizes generational shifts and the disruptive role of religious youth in calling for the reform of the religious practices of older generations. In contrast to this view, the thrust of the religious practices of the EOTC youth presented in this work is toward conservatism and protectionism in the context of a new competitive religious field. This article also argues against academic discourses that hint at direct links between economic deprivation and increased religiosity, authoritarianism and heightened religiosity, and the global and local religious activism resulting from new information technologies, and instead calls for an interactionist approach that looks into the interplay of these and other variables in order to account for the growing religiosity of the youth.
A Ḥadīth Fragment on Papyrus
Authors: Sijpesteijn Petra M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:A small fragment of papyrus contains a tradition ascribed to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (d. 23/644) also known from literary sources, albeit with some variations in the text and transmission history. Written on the re-used back of an official text, it will be used to discuss how such traditions might have functioned in the written culture of the early Abbasid Empire.
Misalignment Consideration in Laser Diode to Circular Core Single-Mode Dispersion-Shifted/Dispersion-Flattened Fiber Excitation via Hemispherical Microlens on the Tip of the Fiber
Authors: Kamila Kiranmay , Middya Tapas Ranjan , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the theoretical study of excitation efficiency in the presence of possible transverse and angular misalignments in the case of excitation of single-mode circular core dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fiber by laser diode via hemispherical microlens on the tip of the fiber. The present study takes into consideration limited aperture allowed by the hemispherical microlens. Employing ABCD matrix technique involving refraction of paraxial rays by a hemispherical microlens on the fiber tip, we formulate analytical expressions for the coupling efficiencies in the presence of the said misalignments. The estimations of the concerned efficiencies as well as associated losses by using our formulations will require little computations. But the results found are sufficiently accurate and the execution of our formalism is simple. Thus the prescribed analytical expressions are useful and new in the sense that prediction of coupling optics can be made accurately but in a simple manner without requiring lengthy numerical integrations concerned with conventional phase model technique. Moreover, the present study, as per our knowledge till date, being the first theoretical investigation of excitation efficiency for the said type of coupling device, will benefit the experimentalists, designers and packagers who are working in the field of optimum launch optics involving such coupler.
Mobile-assisted ESP learning in technical education
Authors: Šimonová Ivana 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper presents research results from the field of mobile-assisted instruction of English for specific purposes for technical and engineering students. The research was structured in three phases: (1) Questionnaire 1 was applied to detect what sources of information students use in higher education, what types of mobile devices they own, what purposes they use them for, (2) how the process of instruction, particularly students´ autonomous work supported by mobile devices ran, (3) students´ feedback was collected by Questionnaire 2 to evaluate the mobile-assisted learning and provide proposals for future exploitation of mobile devices in higher technical language education. The results show students are sufficiently equipped with mobile technologies and exploit them for various purposes, including education and ESP. At the end, examples of helpful mobile applications are presented.
English as a lingua franca used at international meetings
Authors: Barančicová Jana , Zerzová Jana 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with the use of English as a lingua franca. It concentrates on the environment of international meetings where English is used as a lingua franca. The aim of the research conducted through a survey of members of a NATO working group is to find out how native and non-native speakers feel about English used as a lingua franca during international meetings and how these two groups of speakers see each other in multinational interaction from the point of view of linguistics. The sections dealing with non-native speakers concentrate on the level of knowledge of English and on how native speakers cope with the English used during the meetings. The sections dealing with the views of English native speakers should establish the approach they take towards mistakes made by non-native speakers, whether native speakers should adjust the way they speak at international meetings and how they generally view the fact that their mother tongue is used all around the world.
Induced speech errors as a tool for language description: a case study from Xong “prenasalized consonants”
Authors: Sarvestani Karl Reza 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe task of language description often requires a linguist to make a choice between alternative hypotheses which cannot be satisfactorily decided by data obtained through traditional descriptive methods. This paper proposes induced speech error tasks as a means of extending the evidential base used to address descriptive questions. Much previous research has explored language-general cognitive processes underlying speech errors, but little work has investigated their potential as a tool for improving the description of language-specific phenomena. In part, this is because the collection of natural speech errors requires more time and a more certain knowledge of the structure of the language than descriptive linguists often have available. Induced speech error tasks, however, help overcome these limitations by allowing the rapid collection of speech error evidence which can aid in selection between competing analyses. Practical advice is offered for researchers considering implementing speech errors tasks in their own research. These points are then illustrated by an investigation of the segmental status of “prenasalized consonants” in Xong, an under-documented Hmongic/Miao language spoken in southern China. While traditional descriptive techniques were unable to resolve the question, a simple speech error-inducing task produced results which can be interpreted as support for a cluster analysis.
Modeling and Simulation of
Thermo-Fluid-Electrochemical Ion Flow in
Biological Channels
Authors: Sacco Riccardo , Manganini Fabio , Jerome Joseph W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this articlewe address the study of ion charge transport in the biological channels separating the
intra and extracellular regions of a cell. The focus of the investigation is devoted to including thermal driving
forces in the well-known velocity-extended Poisson-Nernst-Planck (vPNP) electrodiffusion model. Two extensions
of the vPNP system are proposed: the velocity-extended Thermo-Hydrodynamic model (vTHD) and
the velocity-extended Electro-Thermal model (vET). Both formulations are based on the principles of conservation
of mass, momentum and energy, and collapse into the vPNP model under thermodynamical equilibrium
conditions. Upon introducing a suitable one-dimensional geometrical representation of the channel,we
discuss appropriate boundary conditions that depend only on effectively accessible measurable quantities.
Then, we describe the novel models, the solution map used to iteratively solve them, and the mixed-hybrid
flux-conservative stabilized finite element scheme used to discretize the linearized equations. Finally,we successfully
apply our computational algorithms to the simulation of two different realistic biological channels:
1) the Gramicidin-A channel considered in [12]; and 2) the bipolar nanofluidic diode considered in [45].
Shape Correspondence Analysis for
Biomolecules Based on Volumetric
Eigenfunctions
Authors: Liao Tao , Lee Hao-Chih , Yang Ge , Zhang Yongjie Jessica 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The functionality of biomolecules depends on their flexible structures, which can be characterized
by their surface shapes. Tracking the deformation and comparing biomolecular shapes are essential in
understanding their mechanisms. In this paper, a new spectral shape correspondence analysis method is introduced
for biomolecules based on volumetric eigenfunctions. The eigenfunctions are computed from the
joint graph of two given shapes, avoiding the sign flipping and confusion in the order of modes. An initial correspondence
is built based on the distribution of a shape diameter, which matches similar surface features in
different shapes and guides the eigenfunction computation. A two-step scheme is developed to determine the
final correspondence. The first step utilizes volumetric eigenfunctions to correct the assignment of boundary
nodes that disobeys the main structures. The second step minimizes the distortion induced by deforming one
shape to the other. As a result, a dense point correspondence is constructed between the two given shapes,
based on which we approximate and predict the shape deformation, as well as quantitatively measure the
detailed shape differences.
The Chinese Remainder Theorem for Strongly Semisimple MV-Algebras and Lattice-Groups
Authors: Marra Vincenzo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An MV-algebra (equivalently, a lattice-ordered Abelian group with a distinguished order unit) is strongly semisimple if all of its quotients modulo finitely generated congruences are semisimple. All MV-algebras satisfy a Chinese Remainder Theorem, as was first shown by Keimel four decades ago in the context of lattice-groups. In this note we prove that the Chinese Remainder Theorem admits a considerable strengthening for strongly semisimple structures.
The evaluation of the positioning accuracy of the EGNOS and DGPS systems based on the long-term measurements in the years 2006–2014
Authors: Specht Mariusz 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The DGPS (Differential GPS) and EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) systems belong to a group of systems supporting the global satellite system GPS (Global Positioning System). These systems have significantly better navigation performance than GPS and, therefore, they are widely used in the maritime, civil and air navigation. The analysis of the positioning accuracy of GPS leads to the conclusion: from year to year the accuracy of the positioning determination increases. The effect of the permanent increasing of the GPS positioning accuracy is the parallel increasing of the positioning accuracies of all the supporting systems. In connection with the constant improvement of the precision characteristics of the above mentioned systems on one hand and the fact, that the users do not possess the current information about the actual status of these characteristics on the other hand, it is reasonable to conduct the periodical research in this area. For that purpose the long-term measurement campaigns were realized in the years 2006-2014; the values of measures, describing the positioning accuracies obtained by both systems, were determined on the basis of those campaigns.
Lutheran Clergy in an Orthodox Empire. The Apppointment of Pastors in the Russo-Swedish Borderland in the 18th Century
Authors: Räihä Antti 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The history of the parishioners’ right to participate in and influence the choice of local clergy in Sweden and Finland can be taken back as far as the late Medieval Times. The procedures for electing clergymen are described in historiography as a specifically Nordic feature and as creating the basis of local self-government. In this article the features of local self-government are studied in a context where the scope for action was being modified. The focus is on the parishioners’ possibilities and willingness to influence the appointment of pastors in the Lutheran parishes of the Russo-Swedish borderlands in the 18th century. At the same time, this article will offer the first comprehensive presentation of the procedures for electing pastors in the Consistory District of Fredrikshamn. The Treaty of Åbo, concluded between Sweden and Russia in 1743, ensured that the existing Swedish law, including the canon law of 1686, together with the old Swedish privileges and statutes, as well as the freedom to practise the Lutheran religion, remained in force in the area annexed into Russia. By analysing the actual process of appointing pastors, it is possible to discuss both the development of the local political culture and the interaction between the central power and the local society in the late Early Modern era.
The Conflict between Lived Religion and State Control of Poor Relief. The Case of Emma Mäkinen’s Private Orphanage at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Annola Johanna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article discusses the conflict between lived religion and the state control of poor relief in a modernizing society by analysing the case of Emma Mäkinen’s private orphanage. Emma Mäkinen’s philanthropic work among neglected children was motivated by her Evangelical Revivalist conviction. Because of her trust in the transformative power of faith, she considered it appropriate to establish an orphanage next to a shelter for ‘fallen’ women. This decision led her onto a collision course with the State Inspector of Poor Relief and the general public, who did not share her religious views but emphasized the legislative and moral aspects vis-à-vis organizing social work. The conflict demonstrates, firstly, how the ancien régime and the traditional religious authority of the Evangelical Lutheran state church in particular was challenged by individual agency in voluntary associations such as the Evangelical Revivalist Free Mission. Secondly, the case of Emma Mäkinen’s orphanage reflects how new kinds of boundaries were created by the encroaching of state control into the sphere of private philanthropy, followed by the strengthening role of scientific theories and nationalistic thinking in social work. Thirdly, the conflict opens up a view on border-crossings, thus emphasizing the undefined nature of a modernizing society.