bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally tailoring a secondary suicide prevention intervention for American Indian and Alaska Native people in substance use treatment
Authors: Jansen Kelley J. , Livengood Adam , Ries Richard , Comtois Katherine Anne , Bergerson Dustin M. , Skinner Juli , Shaw Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubstance use treatment programs are ideal places for suicide prevention interventions. People who misuse substances are at elevated risk for suicide compared to the general population. However, most treatment programs do not incorporate suicide prevention, and none have been adapted for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people. Preventing Addiction Related Suicide (PARS) is a suicide prevention module developed for use with people in treatment for substance misuse. A previous study demonstrated increased suicide help‐seeking among this population.ObjectiveCulturally adapt PARS for use with AI/AN communities.MethodsWe conducted focus groups and interviews with stakeholders in three Tribal health systems. We elicited feedback on PARS content, structure, and implementation. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Results were used to adapt PARS and member checking was used to refine it.ResultsParticipants unanimously endorsed using PARS in their health systems. Suggested adaptations included shortening the module, using community‐specific information, removing jargon and stigmatizing language, and emphasizing cultural connectedness.DiscussionThis community‐based, qualitative study adapted the PARS module for use with AI/AN communities. Research is needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the adapted module. If found effective, this would represent the first evidence‐based suicide prevention intervention among AI/AN individuals in treatment for substance misuse.
How residual plastic film affects the soil water–salt and cotton growth at the seeding stage
Authors: Liu Qinggang , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Jihong , Wen Yue , Chen Rui , Liu Ningning , Li Miao , Luo Pengcheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCotton holds a significant position among cash crops in China, with Xinjiang serving as the primary cotton‐growing region within the country. Agricultural practices involving plastic mulching have gained importance. However, the presence of residual plastic film affects the growth of cotton seedlings as well as the soil environment. Our study aimed to explore the impact of residual plastic film accumulation on the growth of cotton seedlings and the associated soil water‐salt environment. This was done through a barrel planting experiment, utilizing soil from cotton fields with varying durations of mulching. The study showed that when the mulching period exceeded 12 years (residual plastic film content of 260.77 kg hm−2), residual plastic film had a significant impact on cotton seedling growth and the soil environment. Residual plastic film reduces the seedling germination rate of cotton by up to 11.11% (7 days after irrigation, 15 years of film mulching, residual plastic film content of 309.88 kg hm−2). It also impedes the growth of cotton seedlings; plant height, stem thickness, and leaf area were reduced by 34.52%, 10.73%, and 37.18%, respectively (19 days after irrigation, 15 years of film mulching, residual plastic film content of 309.88 kg·hm−2). Compared with the treatment without residual plastic film, the shallow soil water content in the T5 treatment decreased by 1.19% (10 days after irrigation, 15 years of film mulching, residual plastic film content of 309.88 kg·hm−2). Residual plastic film in cotton fields subjected to long‐term mulching obstructs the normal growth and development of cotton seedlings while also impacting the transport of soil water and salt. Therefore, we recommend adopting biodegradable mulch or regularly recycling residual plastic film within mulched areas to prevent its accumulation and subsequent negative impacts.
Carbon to nitrogen stoichiometry of organic amendments influences the improvement of aggregate stability of a cropping vertisol
Authors: Du Mingming , Minasny Budiman , Rabbi Sheikh M. F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil aggregation is one of the key processes controlling air, water and gas transport in soil. Long‐term cropping without returning organic matter in the soil can reduce the water stability of the aggregates. Microbial decomposition of organic matter plays a significant role in aggregate formation and hence can reverse the decline in the water stability of the aggregates. The inoculation of soil with beneficial microbes can improve the aggregate stability of cropping soil, potentially restoring its condition to healthy soil. However, the restoration of the aggregate stability may also be dependent on the C:N ratio of added organic matter. We hypothesize that a higher C:N ratio of added organic matter and microbial inoculation can trigger a more persistent improvement in aggregates. We treated pasture (aggregates were water‐stable) and cropping (aggregates were unstable in water) vertisols with sugarcane (C:N = 104) and lucerne (C:N = 23) residues with and without microbial inoculant that had both bacteria and fungi. After 4 months of incubation, we found that the slaking index dropped by 46% in sugarcane‐treated cropping soils, whereas the reduction was 27% in lucerne treatment. A similar reduction in the slaking index was also observed in the pasture soil but the magnitude of the reduction was lower than in the cropping soils. However, microbial inoculation did not show a statistically significant influence on reducing the slaking of cropping or pasture soils in this study. The reduction of slaking in both soils was supported by an increase in mean weight diameter (MWD), macro‐aggregates and the aggregate‐associated soil organic carbon. Our results demonstrated that organic carbon input with a high C:N ratio facilitates the restoration of water stability of the structurally unstable cropping soils.
Ellipsoidal Inclusions in Flexoelectric Solids
Authors: Xie Jinchen , Linder Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The flexoelectric effect, characterized by the induction of electric polarization by strain gradients, exhibits a remarkable size dependence. This makes flexoelectricity highly relevant for nanoscale electromechanical systems. Inevitably, flexoelectric solids, like all materials, are susceptible to various types of defects. These defects significantly influence the local electromechanical coupling phenomena, thereby affecting the performance of flexoelectric materials. This study investigates ellipsoidal inclusions in flexoelectric solids, a fundamental and classical defect type. We present Green’s functions for flexoelectricity, which is the basis for formulating the eigen deformation problem within flexoelectricity theory. We then derive the expressions for strain dilatation, electric potential, and polarization magnitude under a constant eigenstrain dilatation scenario, which allows us to effectively address the ellipsoidal inclusion problem in flexoelectric solids. The investigation then extends to different ellipsoidal inclusions, shedding light on their distinctive shape and size effects. The insights gained from this study provide perspectives on the potential failure mechanisms in defective flexoelectric solids and lay a theoretical foundation for the design of nanoscale flexoelectric systems.
The application of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in immediate distinguishing residual tumour from benign periablational enhancement after hepatocellular carcinoma radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Ma Yue , Li Yang , Zhu Min , Wang Shi-yu , Yang Feng-rong , Xu Yu-qing , Yang Ru , Wu Ban-ban , Sun Yi-xue 
Published: June 2024

Aim: This study set out to access the performance of quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in distinguishing between benign periablational enhancement (BPE) and residual tumor (RT) following radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Materials and methods: 165 tumors from 124 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma between 2021 and 2023 underwent RFA, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and CEUS in less than 24 hours. Analysis was done on the quantitative parameters from RT and BPE found by CEUS.Results: Complete ablation was obtained in 89.1% of lesions. When compared to BPE, RT had significantly greater peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), area under the curve (AUC), ratio of PI and base intensity (PI/BI), and enhanced intensity (EI) values (all p<0.05). PI, TTP, AUC, PI/BI, and EI had large areas under the receiver operating (ROC) curves. A binary logistic regression analysis, respectively, demonstrated that PI and PI/BI were independent favorable prognostic variables.Conclusions: Multiple parameters of quantitative analysis of CEUS can aid in distinguishing immediately between RT and BPE lesions. PI and PI/BI may be a more promising parameter. Immediate CEUS evaluation following RFA may allow immediate retreatment of RT during the same operation time, which reduces patients’ hospital stays and financial costs.
The intrinsic macrolide resistome of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Ma Yibing , Pirolo Mattia , Jana Bimal , Mebus Viktor Hundtofte , Guardabassi Luca 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Intrinsic resistance to macrolides in Gram-negative bacteria is primarily attributed to the low permeability of the outer membrane, though the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we used transposon directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) to identify chromosomal non-essential genes involved in
Escherichia coli
intrinsic resistance to a macrolide antibiotic, tilmicosin. We constructed two highly saturated transposon mutant libraries of >290,000 and >390,000 unique Tn5 insertions in a clinical enterotoxigenic strain (ETEC5621) and in a laboratory strain (K-12 MG1655), respectively. TraDIS analysis identified genes required for growth of ETEC5621 and MG1655 under 1/8 MIC (
n
= 15 and 16, respectively) and 1/4 MIC (
n
= 38 and 32, respectively) of tilmicosin. For both strains, 23 genes related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, outer membrane assembly, the Tol-Pal system, efflux pump, and peptidoglycan metabolism were enriched in the presence of the antibiotic. Individual deletion of genes (
n
= 10) in the wild-type strains led to a 64- to 2-fold reduction in MICs of tilmicosin, erythromycin, and azithromycin, validating the results of the TraDIS analysis. Notably, deletion of
surA
or
waaG
, which impairs the outer membrane, led to the most significant decreases in MICs of all three macrolides in ETEC5621. Our findings contribute to a genome-wide understanding of intrinsic macrolide resistance in
E. coli
, shedding new light on the potential role of the peptidoglycan layer. They also provide an
in vitro
proof of concept that
E. coli
can be sensitized to macrolides by targeting proteins maintaining the outer membrane such as SurA and WaaG.
The endosymbiont
Spiroplasma poulsonii
increases
Drosophila melanogaster
resistance to pathogens by enhancing iron sequestration and melanization
Authors: Hrdina Alexandra , Serra Canales Marina , Arias-Rojas Aranzazu , Frahm Dagmar , Iatsenko Igor 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Facultative endosymbiotic bacteria, such as
Wolbachia
and
Spiroplasma
species, are commonly found in association with insects and can dramatically alter their host physiology. Many endosymbionts are defensive and protect their hosts against parasites or pathogens. Despite the widespread nature of defensive insect symbioses and their importance for the ecology and evolution of insects, the mechanisms of symbiont-mediated host protection remain poorly characterized. Here, we utilized the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
and its facultative endosymbiont
Spiroplasma poulsonii
to characterize the mechanisms underlying symbiont-mediated host protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Our results indicate a variable effect of
S. poulsonii
on infection outcome, with endosymbiont-harboring flies being more resistant to
Rhyzopus oryzae
,
Staphylococcus aureus,
and
Providencia alcalifaciens
but more sensitive or as sensitive as endosymbiont-free flies to the infections with
Pseudomonas
species. Further focusing on the protective effect, we identified Transferrin-mediated iron sequestration induced by
Spiroplasma
as being crucial for the defense against
R. oryzae
and
P. alcalifaciens
. In the case of
S. aureus
, enhanced melanization in
Spiroplasma
-harboring flies plays a major role in protection. Both iron sequestration and melanization induced by
Spiroplasma
require the host immune sensor protease Persephone, suggesting a role of proteases secreted by the symbiont in the activation of host defense reactions. Hence, our work reveals a broader defensive range of
Spiroplasma
than previously appreciated and adds nutritional immunity and melanization to the defensive arsenal of symbionts.

IMPORTANCE

Defensive endosymbiotic bacteria conferring protection to their hosts against parasites and pathogens are widespread in insect populations. However, the mechanisms by which most symbionts confer protection are not fully understood. Here, we studied the mechanisms of protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens mediated by the
Drosophila melanogaster
endosymbiont
Spiroplasma poulsonii
. We demonstrate that besides the previously described protection against wasps and nematodes,
Spiroplasma
also confers increased resistance to pathogenic bacteria and fungi. We identified
Spiroplasma
-induced iron sequestration and melanization as key defense mechanisms. Our work broadens the known defense spectrum of
Spiroplasma
and reveals a previously unappreciated role of melanization and iron sequestration in endosymbiont-mediated host protection. We propose that the mechanisms we have identified here may be of broader significance and could apply to other endosymbionts, particularly to
Wolbachia
, and potentially explain their protective properties.
Complete genome sequence of
Sphingomonas
sp. strain R1, a bacterium isolated from tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
)
Authors: Yen Hsi-Ching , Wang Si-Chong , Chen Wen-Ming , Lai Erh-Min , Kuo Chih-Horng 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Sphingomonas
sp. strain R1 was isolated from the stem of a tomato plant and exhibited antagonism with
Agrobacterium
. The complete genome sequence of this bacterium consists of one 3,874,532 bp circular chromosome and two plasmids.
Characterization of mAbs against
Klebsiella pneumoniae
type 3 fimbriae isolated in a target-independent phage display campaign
Authors: Berry Sophia K. , Rust Steven , Irving Lorraine , Bartholdson Scott Josefin , Weinert Lucy A. , Dougan Gordon , Christie Graham , Warrener Paul , Minter Ralph , Grant Andrew J. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We used phage display, antibody engineering, and high-throughput assays to identify antibody-accessible targets of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. We report the discovery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to type 3 fimbrial proteins, including MrkA. We found that anti-MrkA mAbs were cross-reactive to a diverse panel of
K. pneumoniae
clinical isolates, representing different O-serotypes. mAbs binding to MrkA have previously been described and have been shown to provide prophylactic protection, although only modest protection when dosed therapeutically
in vivo
in a murine lung infection model. Here, we used a combination of binding and opsonophagocytic killing studies using a high-content imaging platform to provide a possible explanation for the modest therapeutic efficacy
in vivo
reported in that model. Our work shows that expression of
K. pneumoniae
type 3 fimbriae in
in vitro
culture is not homogenous within a bacterial population. Instead, sub-populations of bacteria that do, and do not, express type 3 fimbriae exist. In a high-content opsonophagocytic killing assay, we showed that MrkA-targeting antibodies initially promote killing by macrophages; however, over time, this effect is diminished. We hypothesize the reason for this is that bacteria not expressing MrkA can evade opsonophagocytosis. Our data support the fact that MrkA is a conserved, immunodominant protein that is antibody accessible on the surface of
K. pneumoniae
and suggest that additional studies should evaluate the potential of using anti-MrkA antibodies in different stages of
K. pneumoniae
infection (different sites in the body) as well as against
K. pneumoniae
biofilms in the body during infection and associated with medical devices.

IMPORTANCE

There is an unmet, urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infections. We describe the use of phage display, antibody engineering, and high-throughput assays to identify antibody-accessible targets of
K. pneumoniae
. We discovered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the type 3 fimbrial protein MrkA. The anti-MrkA mAbs were found to be highly cross-reactive, binding to all
K. pneumoniae
strains tested from a diverse panel of clinical isolates, and were active in an opsonophagocytic killing assay at pM concentrations. MrkA is important for biofilm formation; thus, our data support further exploration of the use of anti-MrkA antibodies for preventing and/or controlling
K. pneumoniae
in biofilms and during infection.
Investigation of different methods in rapid microbial identification directly from positive blood culture bottles by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Karadağ Dilan , Ergon Mahmut Cem 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Many methods are being tried for rapid and accurate identification of sepsis-causing microorganisms. We analyzed the performance of three different preparation methods [MBT Sepsityper IVD Kit (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Germany), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysis, and differential centrifugation with protein extraction (Centrifugation +PE)] and compared in standard and Sepsityper modules of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS for direct identification of bacteria from 240 positive blood culture bottles of BACTEC FX (Becton Dickinson, USA). By using the standard module, correct identification at species level (score ≥2) was done in 46.7% of the samples with SDS lysis, 44.2% with centrifugation +PE, and 25.4% with the Sepsityper kit. These ratios at the genus level (score range 1.70–1.99) were 34.6%, 31.3%, and 32.5%, respectively. With SDS lysis (195), more bacteria were identified correctly than centrifugation +PE (181) and the Sepsityper kit (139). A statistically significant difference was found between SDS and the Sepsityper kit and Centrifugation +PE and the Sepsityper kit (
P
< 0.001, both). By using the Sepsityper module, correct identification at species level (score ≥1.8) was determined in 74.2% of the samples with SDS lysis and centrifugation +PE each and 55% with the Sepsityper kit. These ratios at the genus level (score range 1.60–1.79) were 16.3%, 10%, and 19.2%, respectively. SDS lysis (217) had significantly higher identification rates than centrifugation +PE (202) and the Sepsityper kit (178) (
P
= 0.028 and
P
< 0.001). A statistically significant difference was also observed between centrifugation +PE and the Sepsityper kit (
P
< 0.001). Best performance was obtained with SDS lysis among the methods. Although better performance was achieved by using Sepsityper software module, risk of misidentification should not be ignored.

IMPORTANCE
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, and rapid and accurate identification of the causative microorganisms from blood cultures is crucial for timely and effective treatment. Although there are many studies on direct identification from blood cultures with MALDI-TOF MS, further standardization is still needed. In our study, we analyzed the performance of three different preparation methods and compared by using two analysis modules of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS for direct identification of bacteria from numerous positive blood culture bottles. The literature reports a limited number of studies that compare different preparation methods for direct blood culture identification, processing a large number of blood samples concurrently and evaluating the same samples as in our study. Moreover, although SDS is used very frequently in medical laboratories, there are few studies on direct identification from blood culture bottles. In our study, the highest correct identification rate was observed with the SDS method.
Bilateral peripapillary choroidal neovascular membranes in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Banerjee Mousumi , Kumar Abhishek , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Chawla Rohan 
Published: June 2024

Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is a known entity, observed primarily during the chronic convalescent and chronic-recurrent phases of the disease. However, the peripapillary location of CNVM is a rare finding.We describe a case of chronic VKH with bilateral peripapillary CNVM detected using multimodal imaging and the associated differential diagnoses and treatment approach.A combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections, systemic steroids and immunosuppressants is often required to manage the aggressive course of this choroidal neovascularisation.
Response to “Discussion of ‘How Sensitive Are Bank Market Values to Regulatory Adjustments of Capital?’”
Authors: Lubberink Martien , Willett Roger 
Published: June 2024

We provide a detailed response to Ines Simac's ( 2024 ) discussion of our study on the sensitivity of bank market values to regulatory adjustments (RAs) of capital. Initially, we investigated the relevance of these adjustments, motivated by ongoing changes in the definition of bank capital aimed at ensuring financial stability. Our research utilized log-log models to address the challenges of alternative methodologies that may not effectively capture the value relevance of bank capital and RAs. Our results underscore the stability and predictability of coefficients that measure value relevance. We further explore the valuation perspective, distinguishing between a “valuation” model for a theory of the relation between market and accounting values and a statistical model that estimates the sensitivity of market values to changes in accounting variables. We advocate for the use of log-log models due to their robustness in estimating response coefficients as elasticities. This approach minimizes issues related to scale and distribution assumptions inherent in additive-linear models. We also address minor points raised in the discussion, including the coefficient values of goodwill and Tier 2 capital. Our findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of how regulatory adjustments influence bank valuations, offering implications for both academic research and regulatory policy.