bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal analysis of an AUTOSAR-based basic software module
Authors: Bodei Chiara , De Vincenzi Marco , Matteucci Ilaria 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of advanced driver assistance systems in modern vehicles, together with their integration with the Internet and other road nodes, has made vehicle more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. To address these risks, the automotive industry is increasingly focusing on the development of security solutions: formal methods and software verification techniques, which have been successfully applied to a number of safety-critical systems, could be a promising approach in the automotive area. In this work, we concentrate on in-vehicle communications, provided by many Electronic Control Units (ECUs) that work together thanks to serial protocols such as Controller Area Network (CAN). However, increasing connectivity exposes the internal network to a variety of cyber-risks. Our aim is to formally verify the AUTOSAR-based Basic Software module called CINNAMON, designed to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication at the same time for traffic exchanged over CAN protocol. More precisely, it adds confidentiality guarantees to the Secure Onboard Communication (SecOC) module. We formally analyze CINNAMON with the verification tool Tamarin. Our analysis shows that CINNAMON could be an effective security solution, as it can ensure the desired properties, in particular, confidentiality in a send-receive scenario between two ECUs. Finally, we describe a potential application scenario.
Impacts of Compost Amendment Type and Application Frequency on a Fire-Impacted Grassland Ecosystem
Authors: Anthony Tyler L. , Stover Holly J. , James Jeremy J. , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComposting organic matter can lower the global warming potential of food and agricultural waste and provide a nutrient-rich soil amendment. Compost applications generally increase net primary production (NPP) and soil water-holding capacity and may stimulate soil carbon (C) sequestration. Questions remain regarding the effects of compost nitrogen (N) concentrations and application rates on soil C and greenhouse gas dynamics. In this study, we explored the effects of compost with different initial N quality (food waste versus green waste compost) on soil greenhouse gas fluxes, aboveground biomass, and soil C and N pools in a fire-impacted annual grassland ecosystem. Composts were applied annually once, twice, or three times prior to the onset of the winter rainy season. A low-intensity fire event after the first growing season also allowed us to explore how compost-amended grasslands respond to burning events, which are expected to increase with climate change. After four growing seasons, all compost treatments significantly increased soil C pools from 9.5 ± 0.9 to 30.2 ± 0.7 Mg C ha−1 (0–40 cm) and 19.5 ± 0.9 to 40.1 ± 0.7 Mg C ha−1 (0–40 cm) relative to burned and unburned controls, respectively. Gains exceeded the compost-C applied, representing newly fixed C. The higher N food waste compost treatments yielded more cumulative soil C (5.2–10.9 Mg C ha−1) and aboveground biomass (0.19–0.66 Mg C ha−1) than the lower N green waste compost treatments, suggesting greater N inputs further increased soil stocks. The three-time green waste application increased soil C and N stocks relative to a single application of either compost. There was minimal impact on net ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions. Aboveground biomass accumulation was higher in all compost treatments relative to controls, likely due to increased water-holding capacity and N availability. Results show that higher N compost resulted in larger C gains with little offset from greenhouse gas emissions and that compost amendments may help mediate effects of low-intensity fire by increasing fertility and water-holding capacity.
Optical configurations for applying antireflective nanotexture on spherical lenses by ultrashort laser structuring
Authors: Csőke Lóránt Tibor , Skoulas Evangelos , Kollár Zsolt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on minimizing the optical reflection on spherical fused silica lenses using femtosecond (fs) laser nanostructuring. A unique type of nanopillar formation has been observed on $$\textrm{SiO}_2$$

SiO
2

surfaces possessing antireflective properties when irradiated with a specific number of overlapping pulses, polarization, and fluence levels. Maintaining precise control over these sensitive technological parameters such as defocus and incident angle during the processing of geometrically complex shapes presents a significant challenge. This study proposes a theoretical optical arrangement to address this limitation by the design of a custom scanner system optimized for curved surfaces. The paper details the optimization process of such a bent image space (inverse-hypercentric) optical system using Zemax OpticStudio. Although the practical realization of the arrangement has not been performed, simulations are conducted to prove the functionality of the concept. Furthermore, we propose a practical method for segmented structuring of spherical surfaces based on consecutive repositioning and irradiation using an industrial robotic arm. By constructing the optical model, the necessary resolution of the segmentation has been calculated for a typical F-Theta scanner system and experimental verification has been performed.
Crop health assessment through hierarchical fuzzy rule-based status maps
Authors: Cavaliere Danilo , Senatore Sabrina , Loia Vincenzo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrecision agriculture is evolving toward a contemporary approach that involves multiple sensing techniques to monitor and enhance crop quality while minimizing losses and waste of no longer considered inexhaustible resources, such as soil and water supplies. To understand crop status, it is necessary to integrate data from heterogeneous sensors and employ advanced sensing devices that can assess crop and water status. This study presents a smart monitoring approach in agriculture, involving sensors that can be both stationary (such as soil moisture sensors) and mobile (such as sensor-equipped unmanned aerial vehicles). These sensors collect information from visual maps of crop production and water conditions, to comprehensively understand the crop area and spot any potential vegetation problems. A modular fuzzy control scheme has been designed to interpret spectral indices and vegetative parameters and, by applying fuzzy rules, return status maps about vegetation status. The rules are applied incrementally per a hierarchical design to correlate lower-level data (e.g., temperature, vegetation indices) with higher-level data (e.g., vapor pressure deficit) to robustly determine the vegetation status and the main parameters that have led to it. A case study was conducted, involving the collection of satellite images from artichoke crops in Salerno, Italy, to demonstrate the potential of incremental design and information integration in crop health monitoring. Subsequently, tests were conducted on vineyard regions of interest in Teano, Italy, to assess the efficacy of the framework in the assessment of plant status and water stress. Indeed, comparing the outcomes of our maps with those of cutting-edge machine learning (ML) semantic segmentation has indeed revealed a promising level of accuracy. Specifically, classification performance was compared to the output of conventional ML methods, demonstrating that our approach is consistent and achieves an accuracy of over 90% throughout various seasons of the year.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Near-Wins in Gambling: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dores Artemisa Rocha , Peixoto Miguel , Fernandes Carina , Geraldo Andreia , Griffiths Mark D. , Barbosa Fernando 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Identification of specific patterns of brain activity related to problem gambling may provide a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance of neurophysiological studies to better understand development and persistence of gambling behavior. The patterns of cognitive functioning have been investigated through electroencephalography (EEG) studies based on the near-win/near-miss (NW) effect. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the neurophysiological basis of NWs and their modulation by gambling problems through a systematic review of event-related potentials (ERP) studies elicited by feedback events. The review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA). A total of 15 studies were included, 12 comprising non-problem gamblers (NPGs) and three comparing problem gamblers (PGs) with matched controls. For the P300 component, the win outcome elicited a larger amplitude than the other outcomes (NW and loss), followed by the NW outcome, which elicited a larger amplitude than loss in some studies. For feedback-related negativity (FRN), the loss outcome evoked a more negative amplitude in several studies, despite eliciting a similar amplitude to NW outcomes in others. For PGs, the NW outcome evoked a higher amplitude of P300 than loss, while NPGs showed a similar amplitude to both outcomes. The present review gathered information from different sources and provides a consistent view of the different studies. However, studies lack systematic and robust methodologies, leading to inconsistent results and making it difficult to reach any definitive conclusions.
Beyond disaster: investigating the varied responses of regional entrepreneurship to natural disasters
Authors: Demirdag Ismail , Nirwansyah Anang Widhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the intricate relationship between natural disasters and regional entrepreneurship in Türkiye, a developing nation highly vulnerable to earthquakes, floods, and other hazards. The study extends Hierarchical Multiple Regression (HMR) analysis (1990–2020, 81 NUTS-III regions), beyond existing literature focused on physical damage. Our findings reveal a counterintuitive effect: while the number of disasters and total property damage correlate positively with regional entrepreneurship, human life loss has a negative impact. This suggests a complex interplay between destruction and entrepreneurial spirit. Further analyses using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) and MANOVA-ANOVA for robustness check explores regional characteristics that contribute to entrepreneurial resilience against natural disasters. By comparing regions categorized by entrepreneurial performance and disaster exposure, the study identifies key differentiators. Regions with supportive business environments demonstrate greater resilience, highlighting the crucial role of fostering a strong entrepreneurial ecosystem in mitigating disaster effects. This research fills a critical gap by examining the understudied relationship between natural disasters and regional entrepreneurship, going beyond individual firm-level studies. By analysing interregional disparities and resilience factors, this paper provides valuable insights for both regional development and entrepreneurship & resilience literature. It emphasizes the importance of human capital alongside disaster preparedness and institutional quality in building regional resilience.
Chlorine-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Single Crystal Superalloys at 550 °C
Authors: Martinez F. Duarte , Dawson Karl , Tatlock Gordon , Leggett J. , Gibson G. , Mason-Flucke J. C. , Nicholls J. R. , Syed A. , Morar N. , Gray S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study has investigated the effect of NaCl and different gaseous environments on the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of CMSX-4 at 550 °C. The presence of SOx leads to the rapid dissociation of NaCl into Na2SO4 and the release Cl2 and HCl, which then trigger an active oxidation mechanism and stress corrosion cracking. The incubation time for crack initiation at 690 MPa and in the presence of a sulphur containing environment is 10 min. A working hypothesis is that stress corrosion cracking occurs due to the hydrogen released at the oxide/alloy interface when metal chlorides are formed; however, this hypothesis needs to be further explored.
In vitro shoot regeneration system from leaves wrapped by bud scales of a multipurpose tree (Neolamarckia cadamba)
Authors: Li Buye , Que Qingmin , Li Chunmei , Zhou Wei , Chen Xiaoyang , Zhang Lifeng , Du Kunpeng , Xu Qixian , Chen Wenping , Zhong Ming , Zeng Zhensen , Huang Xiaoling , Ouyang Kunxi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeolamarckia cadamba (N. cadamba) is an evergreen tree species known for its rapid growth, remarkable wood properties, and significant value in medicine, feeding, and landscape. In order to clone a N. cadamba individual with excellent genotype, a plant regeneration protocol was successfully established with leaves wrapped by bud scales as explants. The optimal sterilization method for the leaves was 0.1% Mercury Chloride (HgCl2) treatment for 1 min before culturing on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented with 3.0 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.1 mg/L 2–4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-4D), 0.05 mg/L α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mL/L Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) to induce calluses. The medium containing 1 mL/L PPM could effectively inhibit explant contamination without an unfavorable impact on the final induction rate of callus from the leaves. Three types of calluses were induced from the leaves cultured on the above medium. Among them, only the Type II callus, which was green and nodular, had few particle masses, could differentiate into adventitious shoots on the MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 6–Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.05 mg/L NAA, with the induction rate of 78.89% and adventitious shoot number per callus of 11.67. The adventitious shoots were proliferated on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.05 mg/L Indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) with the proliferation coefficient of 3.37. And the micro-shoots developed roots in the MS medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L NAA and 0.05 mg/L IBA. The regeneration protocol can be used in the propagation and large scale production of seedlings with the same genotype as an excellent individual of N. cadamba in the field.
An urban rivers renaissance? Stream restoration and green–blue infrastructure in Latin America – Insights from urban planning in Colombia
Authors: Pradilla Gonzalo , Hack Jochen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile urban river restoration has become mainstream in the Global North, it remains scarce in Latin America, where most literature focuses on water quality, stream habitats, and watershed assessment, but planning and implementation lag behind. Colombia is undergoing a paradigm shift after pioneering the integration of green and blue infrastructure (GBI) into urban planning in the early 2000s (namely Estructura Ecológica Principal). A surge in river renaturalization initiatives is underway, with large and intermediate cities planning and executing projects. We systematically assessed the integration of rivers and GBI into local policies (Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial) and found widespread and strong recognition of streams, wetlands, and ecosystem services in urban planning, higher than previously reported. Most cities emphasize river multifunctionality, ecological connectivity, public space, and recreation, as well as disaster risk reduction, advancing toward sustainable urban water and drainage systems. However, significant gaps persist regarding climate change resilience, participation, and social justice. In a region marked by high inequality, pre-existing spatial exclusion could be amplified by urban renewal, greening, and tourism due to unfair resettlement conditions and gentrification. Such trade-offs can undermine the ecological and social benefits of restoration. We highlight the crucial role of civil society and grassroots activism in protecting and defending urban commons and conclude by recommending a critical examination of GBI and river restoration efforts in Latin America. Colombia’s case can serve as both a reference and a cautionary tale for other cities in the region to achieve outcomes that promote equity and justice amid pressing social and environmental challenges.
Understanding driving forces of food waste separation intention to enhance regional and local solid waste planning: application of PLS-SEM and multi-group analysis
Authors: Le Dinh Cuong , Fujiwara Takeshi , Pham Phu Song Toan , Habuer  
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and applied it to analyse influencing factors of food waste separation intention (FSI) among households in central Vietnam. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. The heterogeneity of factors contributing to FSI in cities of three levels was examined using multi-group analysis (MGA). The results indicate that attitudes, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), awareness of benefit (AB), information publicity (IP), facility availability (FA), and trust significantly affected FSI of households. MGA results indicated the heterogeneity of impacts of PBC and attitude on FSI of households among three municipal levels. The results will serve as basic data for waste officers, solid-waste management project leaders, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and other related stakeholders to lay the foundation of food waste management planning in terms of regional scale and local scale. This study will also aid the creation of a circular economy by providing a scientific base for enhancing food waste separation at source in central Vietnam.
Why Reasons Are Explanations
Authors: Finlay Stephen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn his book Normative Reasons (Logins A in Normative reasons: between reasoning and explanation. Cambridge University Press, 2022), Artürs Logins accepts that a normative reason to do A is always an answer to a ‘Why A?’ question, but rejects the unifying explanationist theory which identifies reasons always as explanations. On his Erotetic Theory, ‘Why A?’ questions sometimes seek an explanation (in No-Challenge contexts) but sometimes seek rather an argument (in Challenge contexts). This article defends a unifying, end-relational explanationist theory by interpreting ‘Why A?’ as being elliptical for different questions, with different explananda. I also respond inter alia to Logins’ claim that end-relational explanationism is extensionally inadequate because it fails to account for normative reasons for attitudes. Finally, I consider the objection that explanationism fails to account for normative reasons’ characteristic functional role of settling deliberation, introducing a “chicken or egg” dilemma over the order of discovery of reasons and options, resolved by suggesting that in open-ended deliberation reasons guide us to options without being represented under the guise of “reasons”.
Variational Supertrees for Bayesian Phylogenetics
Authors: Karcher Michael D. , Zhang Cheng , Matsen Frederic A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBayesian phylogenetic inference is powerful but computationally intensive. Researchers may find themselves with two phylogenetic posteriors on overlapping data sets and may wish to approximate a combined result without having to re-run potentially expensive Markov chains on the combined data set. This raises the question: given overlapping subsets of a set of taxa (e.g. species or virus samples), and given posterior distributions on phylogenetic tree topologies for each of these taxon sets, how can we optimize a probability distribution on phylogenetic tree topologies for the entire taxon set? In this paper we develop a variational approach to this problem and demonstrate its effectiveness. Specifically, we develop an algorithm to find a suitable support of the variational tree topology distribution on the entire taxon set, as well as a gradient-descent algorithm to minimize the divergence from the restrictions of the variational distribution to each of the given per-subset probability distributions, in an effort to approximate the posterior distribution on the entire taxon set.
Generational Change in Work-Related Agency Beliefs in Poland
Authors: Sadowski Ireneusz , Zawistowska Alicja , Muszyński Marek 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study we analyze beliefs on work-related agency in two cohorts of Poles, born in 1970–1971 and in 1988–1989. Both institutional environment and labor opportunities set these two generations much apart, as the first one grew up under communism and entered the transforming labor market plagued with high unemployment, whereas the second enjoyed the opportunities set by Poland’s European Union accession. The comparison is based on nationally representative samples and synchronizes the measurement on the same moment in the life cycle (both cohorts were surveyed at 30 years of age). In the analysis we aim to verify whether there are significant differences in beliefs about means to success in career, as well as in the respondents’ own traits and resources in this respect. These differences, in turn, can be related to deeper, long-term changes in socialization and social structure, as this was often presumed in previous research (it implied further convergence with Western societies). Work-related agency is measured using a shortened version of the Control Agency Means–Ends in Adulthood Questionnaire developed by Diewald et al. Results show that there are distinct dimensions in which both generations are similar and in which they prove to be very distinct. The study also uncovers a more profound change in work-related agency in women and confirms the well-established relationship between occupational structure and agency.
Neuropathic Pain in Cancer: What Are the Current Guidelines?
Authors: Mulvey Matthew R. , Paley Carole A. , Schuberth Anna , King Natalie , Page Andy , Neoh Karen 
Published: August 2024

Opinion StatementNeuropathic cancer pain is experienced by 30–40% of patients with cancer. It significantly reduces quality of life and overall wellbeing for patients living with and beyond cancer. The underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer are complex and involve direct tumour involvement, nerve compression or infiltration, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy-induced nerve damage, or post-surgical complications. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to assess and manage neuropathic cancer pain effectively. There is increasing recognition that standardisation of neuropathic pain assessment leads to tailored management and improved patient outcomes. Pain management strategies, including medication, interventional analgesia, physical and complementary therapy, can help alleviate neuropathic pain and improve the patient's comfort and quality of life.
Care of the Patient Nearing the End of Life in the Neurointensive Care Unit
Authors: Ramsburg Hanna , Fischer Abigail G. , MacKenzie Greenle Meredith , Fehnel Corey R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurologically critically ill patients present with unique disease trajectories, prognostic uncertainties, and challenges to end-of-life (EOL) care. Acute brain injuries place these patients at risk for underrecognized symptoms and unmet EOL management needs, which can negatively affect their quality of care and lead to complicated grief in surviving loved ones. To care for patients nearing the EOL in the neurointensive care unit, health care clinicians must consider neuroanatomic localization, barriers to symptom assessment and management, unique aspects of the dying process, and EOL management needs.

Aim
We aim to define current best practices, barriers, and future directions for EOL care of the neurologically critically ill patient.