bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Areca Nut Extract on Lipopolysaccharides‐Enhanced Adhesion and Migration of Human Mononuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Chang Lien‐Yu , Lai Yu‐Lin , Yu Tzu‐Hsuan , Chen Yen‐Ting , Hung Shan‐Ling 
Published: September 2013

Background:Areca chewers have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than non‐chewers. Cell adhesion and movement (migration) are important for leukocyte recruitment to inflammation sites. This study investigates the effects of areca nut extract (ANE) on the adhesion and migration abilities of the human immune cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The combined effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were also analyzed.Methods:Purified PBMCs obtained from healthy adults were treated with ANE, nicotine, and/or LPS. Cell adhesion ability was examined using fibronectin‐coated microslides, Liu stain, and light microscopy. Cell migration ability was evaluated using the transwell system followed by staining and fluorescence microscopy. Statistical difference was analyzed using the Mann‐WhitneyUtest.Results:When compared with the media‐treated control samples, PBMCs treated with ANE for 4 hours showed a significant reduction of the adherent cells on the microslides. Interestingly, LPS treatment increased cell adhesion, which could be reduced by simultaneous ANE plus nicotine treatment. The chemotactic migration of PBMCs was reduced by ANE treatment for 1, 4, or 24 hours in a dose‐dependent manner. LPS treatment increased PBMC migration, which could be reduced by simultaneous treatment with ANE or with ANE plus nicotine.Conclusions:ANE reduced the adhesion and migration abilities of PBMC. ANEs, with or without nicotine, also attenuated the migration of LPS‐stimulated PBMCs. The results implicated that the immune cell functions were impaired in areca chewers, which might increase the host susceptibility to oral and periodontal infection.
The Relationship Between Function and Disease Activity as Measured by the HAQ and DAS28 Varies Over Time and by Rheumatoid Factor Status in Early Inflammatory Arthritis (EIA). Results from the CATCH Cohort§
Authors: Boyd Tristan A , Bonner A , Thorne C , Boire G , Hitchon C , Haraoui B.P , Keystone E.C , Bykerk V.P , Pope J.E 
Published: September 2013

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between function and disease activity in early inflammatory arthritis (EIA).

Methods:
Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) (n=1143) is a multi-site EIA cohort. Correlations between the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) and DAS28 were done at every 3 months for the first year and then at 18 and 24 months. We also investigated the relationship between HAQ and DAS28 by age (<65 versus ≥65) and RF (positive vs negative).

Results:
Mean HAQ and DAS28 scores were highest at the initial visit with HAQ decreasing over 24 months from a baseline of 0.94 to 0.40 and DAS28 scores decreasing from 4.54 to 2.29. All correlations between HAQ and DAS28 were significant at all time points (p<0.01). The correlations between HAQ and DAS28 were variable over time. The strongest correlation between HAQ and DAS28 occurred at initial visit (most DMARD naive) (n=1,143) and 18 months (r=0.57, n=321) and 24 months (r=0.59, n=214). The baseline correlation between HAQ and DAS28 was significantly different than correlations obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months (p=0.02, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Age did not change the association between HAQ and DAS28 {<65 years old (r=0.50, n=868) versus ≥65 (r=0.48, n=254), p=0.49}. The correlation between HAQ and DAS28 was stronger with RF+ patients (r=0.63, n=636) vs RF negative (r=0.47, n=477), p=0.0043

Conclusion:
Over 2 years in EIA, HAQ and DAS both improved; correlations at time points were different over 2 years and RF status affected the correlations.
APT, Inc.: An Application of Impairment Testing and Fair Value Estimation Using International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Beaudoin Cathy A. , Hughes Susan B. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
APT, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of a Canadian publicly owned company that reports using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), owns a student rental complex on land leased from a U.S. university. APT, Inc.'s Director of Accounting must determine whether the apartment complex is impaired and determine the fair value of the property for financial statement disclosure purposes. As such, both he and the students assigned the case must rely on the guidance included in International Accounting Standards (IAS) 36, 40, and IFRS 13. Unlike most impairment examples included in textbooks, students are not provided with either fair value or value in use information. Rather, they must estimate the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal or value in use based upon information provided in the case. Thus, students are required to apply higher-order learning skills as they grapple with numerous decisions (e.g., discount rates, cash flow projections, relevant comparable properties and their recent selling prices). Master of Accountancy and M.B.A. students who used the case report it improves their understanding of impairment and fair value techniques. Overall, students reported they found the case a valuable learning experience, and that the case increased the extent they thought about the complexities of impairment and fair value issues.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Wheezing In Early Childhood
Authors: Dumitra G , Bobârnac Ana , Dinescu Venera , Bulucea D 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Background: Primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children and infants can be suggested by the presence of a wheezing, often interpreted as acute bronchiolitis or asthma. The objective of this study is to assess the frequency and mechanism of wheezing in infants and toddlers with tuberculosis and to assess its value as an alarm symptom in children from areas where tuberculosis incidence is high.

Material and method: We carried out a retrospective study in the Pediatric Clinic of the ”Filantropia” Municipal Hospital Clinic of Craiova between 2007-2011. We studied 25 children and infants, who at hospitalization presented signs like: wheezing, cough and dyspnoea.

Results: There were 25 children and infants diagnosed with primary tuberculosis. Twenty-one cases (84%) came from rural areas and 56% (14 cases) occurred in infants. Out of the 25 cases, 22 (88%) presented wheezing, 18 (72%) were accompanied by dyspnoea and 16 patients (64%) presented cough. The majority of cases (16 out of 25, representing 64%) came from families in which a tuberculosis focus was identified during the epidemiological investigation. Conclusions: The positive epidemiological research, together with other data provided by the clinical, laboratory analyses and the collaboration with other specialties determine the classification of wheezing as a symptom within tuberculosis.
Heterozygous Beta-Thalassemia, A Genetic Haemolytic Anaemia In Continuous Expansion
Authors: Șeicaru D , Constantinescu Dorina , Frecus Corina , Bulucea D 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Heterozygous β-thalassemia represents the mild form of the β-thalassemic syndromes, being compatible with normal lifetime. The importance of β-thalassemia consists in the fact that it maintains the "defective gene" in the population, favoring the appearance of new cases of Cooley's anaemia, the severe form of β-thalassemic syndromes. Current data estimate that 7% of the world's population is bearing β-thalassemia, over 400,000 children with β thalassemia being born annually, therefore the WHO estimates the doubling of this figure in the coming years.

Material and methods: We carried out a retrospective clinical study of over 450 cases diagnosed with β-thalassemia in the Dolj, Constanța and Vâlcea counties, along a period of 10 years (2001-2010), out of which we analyzed the family tree of 10 cases throughout 3-4 generations, starting from the cases of children diagnosed with β-thalassemia.

Results: The number of heterozygous subjects that emerged over 3-4 generations was of 60 cases with β-thalassemia and 9 cases with Cooley's anaemia. Thus, starting from the 10 cases of β-thalassemic married subjects (great grandfathers/great grandmothers, grandfathers/ grandmothers) along 3-4 generations (over a period of 70-80 years) the number of new β-thalassemia cases was 5.4 times higher.

Conclusions: According to our results, the last generation of the studied children and adolescents shows the presence of a total of 18 subjects with β-thalassemia, suggesting the increasing amount of heterozygotes in the population.
Ecological Hope In Crisis?
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper considers the topic of Christian hope in the context of today’s environmental crisis. Christian hope needs to be renewed as the world changes, and it needs to engage with the prevalent secular hopes. We are the first people to live at a time when we face the possibility of an entirely human-caused terminal catastrophe. During the Cold War we had the threat of a nuclear holocaust, and now an ecological disaster. The relationship between ultimate and proximate hopes is investigated. Ultimate hope is the final accomplishment of all God’s purposes for his creation. Proximate hopes are those we have for the temporal future. One difference between ultimate and proximate hope is that the former is unconditional and depends only on God’s transcendent act of re-creation. Proximate hopes depend partly on what humans do, and they can be disappointed. Ultimate hope can support proximate hopes, and enables us to work in the direction of God’s purpose. Faith, hope and love are mutually engaging, and needed for the flourishing of the others. We need to scale down our lifestyles, and limitless growth will not be possible. In this scenario hope will need to be both discerning and imaginative. We will also need endurance to keep going and not to give up in the very difficult situation we are facing this century.
Modeling of Losses Due to Inter-Laminar Short-Circuit Currents in Lamination Stacks
Authors: Shah Sahas Bikram , Rasilo Paavo , Belahcen Anouar , Arkkio Antero 
Published: September 2013

Abstract The cores of electrical machines are generally punched and laminated to reduce the eddy current losses. These manufacturing processes such as punching and cutting deform the electrical sheets and deteriorate its magnetic properties. Burrs are formed due to plastic deformation of electrical sheets. Burr formed due to punching on the edges of laminated sheets impairs the insulation of adjacent sheet and make random galvanic contacts during the pressing of stacked sheets. The effect of circulating current occurs if the burrs occur on the opposite edges of the stacks of laminated sheets and incase of bolted or wielded sheets, induced current return through it. This induced current causes the additional losses in electrical machine. The existence of surface current on the boundary between two insulated regions causes discontinuity of tangential component of magnetic field. Hence, based on this principle, the boundary layer model was developed to study the additional losses due to galvanic contacts formed by burred edges. The boundary layer model was then coupled with 2-D finite element vector potential formulation and compared with fine mesh layer model. Fine mesh layer model consists of finely space discretized 950028 second order triangular elements. The losses were computed from two models and were obtained similar at 50 Hz. The developed boundary layer model can be further used in electrical machines to study additional losses due to galvanic contacts at the edges of stator cores.
Spirit and Limits of The European and French (New?) Approach on Production Contracts, Interbranch and Producers Organisations
Authors: Bodiguel Luc 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
From the Single CMO Regulation (Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 of 22 October 2007 establishing a common organization of agricultural markets and on specific provisions for certain agricultural products), the European common law is looking for a new challenge when the French law has been already partially reformed (Law n° 2010 - 874 of 27th of July 2010 and Décret n° 2010 - 1753 of 30th of December 2010). In both cases, Legislators would like to firstly fight against the dispersion of organizing farmer’s concentration in front of food processors (agro processing industry) and supermarkets (food distribution sector); secondly, they try to make the contracts more transparent requiring writing forms. Thus, it deals with the way farmers (farmers or producers Organizations) organize their relationships: what are the opportunities and limitations, what are the new points and specificities in this institutional law? It also deals with contracts requirements, options and freedom the partners may have. Overall this paper may represent a way to think about the meanings and the spirit of the common organization of agricultural markets reform: will it be the good answer face to the successive agricultural economic crises; it is not sure...
Gait kinematics and clinical test changes in post-stroke patients during rehabilitation. Preliminary results of 12 patients of randomized clinical trial
Authors: Krawczyk Maciej , Syczewska Małgorzata , Szczerbik Ewa 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
More precise knowledge concerning gait patterns of movement in stroke patients incorporating modern diagnostic tools is necessary. Exact information about qualitative and quantitative changes during the process of rehabilitation based on reeducation of functions and relating it to possible changes of motor deficit will possibly lead to better physiotherapy planning.
Goal of this study is to assess some components and changes of gait pattern and motor deficit after stroke to develop better physiotherapy this group of patients
Materials and methods Consecutively admitting to rehabilitation unit first stroke patients who met inclusion criteria ( time from the onset of stroke between 1st and 3th month, independent walking skills on the distance of 10m, motor deficit, self awareness of disease, signed inform consent form) were enrolled to the study. Patients were participating in physiotherapy five days a week for 12 weeks. Rivermead Motor Assessment (Lower Extremity Section), Fugl-Meyer Motor Deficit Scale, Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and three-dimension motion analysis system Vicon 460 (amplitude of hip joint range of motion, walking speed, cadence, steps length) were used. All measurement procedures were carried out three times: before therapy, after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks of treatment.
Results: Twelve patients were enrolled to the study (4 female, 8 man, mean age 58 years old, 5 persons suffering from right side paresis). All patients improved after 6 and 12 weeks. Alterations were related both to clinical assessment and to objective movement analysis and they were positively correlated. Mean motor deficit (FM) stated 140,148, 161p, ADL -30, 42, 47p., walking speed: 0,4m/s, 0,5m/s, 0,6m/s, cadence (steps/min):70, 81, 89.
Conclusions: Results indicate relatively constant progress of motor abilities in this group of patients however it decreased during second period. Clinical improvements were accompanied by similar progress of walking speed and cadence. Further studies are necessary
The impact of relaxation on chronic pain intensity and pain coping strategies
Authors: Boroń-Krupińska Krystyna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon, requiring a multidisciplinary treatment program, including psychological and physical aspect. The aim of the treatment is functional status improvement as well as sense of control and patient’s involvement in acceptance and adaptation process to live with persistent pain and increase the quality of life. The aim of this study was to verify the dependency between relaxation and chronic pain intensity and pain coping strategies.
Material and methods: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the dependence between relaxation, as a part of multidisciplinary pain treatment, and pain intensity, depression, function and pain coping strategies. The study was conducted among forty five (N = 45) pain patients, at age 60-80,in medical care center for elderly. The studied participants were randomized in three groups, each consisted fifteen persons, including the half part of women and half part of men. First group participated in relaxation training and standard physiotherapy, second group participated only in standard physiotherapy, control group participated in placebo - conversation with relaxation trainer, without training, with standard physiotherapy.
Pain intensity was measured with VAS scale(visual-analogue pain scale), every day of the study, twice: before and after activity. Pain coping strategies were verified at the baseline and after two weeks with Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ).
Results: Results were analyzed with Statistica program. The study showed pain intensity decrease in all examined group, adaptive pain coping strategies significantly increased in relaxation group.
Conclusions: Relaxation caused the pain intensity decrease; pain coping strategies induced pain intensity decline.
Comparison of the needs of the elderly patients in care-rehabilitation centers in Wroclaw and in Hamburg
Authors: Mazurek Justyna , Rymaszewska Joanna , Lurbiecki Jurgen 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction: The central issue of geriatrics amounts to determining the hierarchy of problems (whether health related or other) of people at old age. The healthcare offered to elderly people should be oriented at the possibly broadest approach to their needs
Aim: The main goal of the research is developing knowledge about the areas of elderly people’s needs on the basis of a sample consisted of patients from two rehabilitation centers, situated in Poland (PL:Wroclaw) and in Germany (DE:Hamburg) respectively.
Material and methods: The sample consists of 80 patients of the age 60+, divided into two groups, 40 patients in each. For the research method/technique the interview is chosen and the questionnaire CANE serves as the main research tool. Other tools used are: GDS, MMSE, Barthel Index and Socio-demographical and Clinical questionnaires.
Results: Before the patients’ admission to the center the average estimate for their overall needs was: PL 4.33 (SD=3.52), DE 5.12 (SD=3.26), out of which met needs were estimated as: PL 3.35 (SD=1.03), DE 4.47 (SD=2.99), whereas unmet as: PL 0.97 (SD=1.33), DE 0.65 (SD=1.03) respectively. After the patients’ admission to the center the average estimate for overall needs increased both for PL: 8.93 (SD=2.08) and for DE: 6.53 (SD=2.54), out of which met needs amounted to: PL, 7.55 (SD=1.50) and DE, 5.95 (SD=2.37) respectively, whereas not unmet ones to: PL, 1.38 (SD=1.44) and DE, 0.57 (SD=0.96).
Conclusions: The patterns of needs /met and unmet/ of the elderly patients from two researched centers were similar before the patients’ admission to the clinics, but after the admission differences were observed between the two groups. Much from the needs both met (e.g. looking after the home, physical health) and unmet (e.g. psychological distress), mentioned before the admission to the clinic remained in the area of needs also after the admission. That observation is valid both for PL group as for DE one.
Copper complexes formed by 3,5-bis(2,2′-bipyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzoic acid and its methyl and ethyl esters as studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Frański Rafał , Kowalska Marta , Czerniel Joanna , Zalas Maciej , Gierczyk Błażej , Cegłowski Michał , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to study the complexes of ligands containing two bipyridine units, namely 3,5-bis(2,2-bipyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzoic acid (1) and its methyl and ethyl esters (2, 3), with copper cation, with CuCl2 as a source of copper. It was found that the type of complexes formed strongly depends on CuCl2 concentration. At lower CuCl2 concentration, the detected complexes were rather simple and some of them were formed upon electrospray ionization conditions e.g. ions [22+Cu2]2+ and [32+Cu2]2+ (complexes ligand-Cu(I) of stoichiometry 2:2) which are analogical to the well known, for quaterpyridine, helical complexes. At higher CuCl2 concentration, the detected complexes were more complicated, and most of them contained copper cations bridged by chlorides. The largest ions were [L2+Cu4Cl6]2+. The CID MS/MS spectra of these ions allowed determination of their mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways and as a consequence their structure elucidation.
Complexation of nickel (II) ion with B3 vitamin in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Gamov George , Dushina Svetlana , Sharnin Valentin , Zavalishin Maksim 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The stability change of nickel(II) ion complexes including one and two nicotinamide (B3 vitamin) molecules in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide (XDMSO = 0–0.85 m.f.) was studied at 298.2±0.1 K and 0.25 ionic strength value (NaClO4) using the potentiometric method. The first stage constant of complexation increased until organic solvent concentration was 0.5 m.f. and reduced at higher DMSO content. The difference between complex and central ions solvation is a dominating contribution into the Gibbs energy change of mononicotinamide complex formation reaction. When the second ligand molecule was bonded into the coordination compound, the nicotinamide contribution to ΔtrGr rose and became prevailing at XDMSO = 0.7–0.85. The ligand was found to replace a water molecule in the coordination sphere of the cation according to spectrophotometric study results.
The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers
Authors: Oleszczuk Ryszard , Truba Milena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers. The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.
The stabilization and protection of shorelines using the broadleaf cattail and reed sweet grass
Authors: Kowalik Weronika , Pachuta Kinga , Jeznach Jerzy 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The stabilization and protection of shorelines using the broadleaf cattail and reed sweet grass. The article presents the results of studies on the mechanical properties of the broadleaf cattail Typha latifolia and reed sweet grass Glyceria maxima. The necessary study samples were collected from Lake Urszulewskie near Sierpc, Poland. The experiment was conducted using an Instron 5966 universal tensile strength testing machine. Tensile forces and the tensile strength of the individual parts of both plant species, i.e. below-ground stems (rhizomes), base of the stem and above-ground stems, were determined and compared with each other. The STATISTICA program was used for analysis. The calculated tensile strength values were compared to data of selected tree, shrub and plant species provided by other authors.