bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a minimal sedation protocol using ICU sedative consumption as a monitoring tool: a quality improvement multicenter project
Authors: Ranzani Otavio T , Simpson Evelyn Senna , Augusto Talita Barbosa , Cappi Sylas Bezerra , Noritomi Danilo Teixeira 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Oversedation frequently occurs in ICUs. We aimed to evaluate a minimal sedation policy, using sedative consumption as a monitoring tool, in a network of ICUs targeting decrement of oversedation and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration.

Methods
A prospective quality improvement project was conducted in ten ICUs within a network of nonteaching hospitals in Brazil during a 2-year period (2010 to 2012). In the first 12 months (the preintervention period), we conducted an audit to identify sedation practice and barriers to current guideline-based practice regarding sedation. In the postintervention period, we implemented a multifaceted program, including multidisciplinary daily rounds, and monthly audits focusing on sedative consumption, feedback and benchmarking purposes. To analyze the effect of the campaign, we fit an interrupted time series (ITS). To account for variability among the network ICUs, we fit a hierarchical model.

Results
During the study period, 21% of patients received MV (4,851/22,963). In the postintervention period, the length of MV was lower (3.91 ± 6.2 days versus 3.15 ± 4.6 days; mean difference, -0.76 (95% CI, -1.10; -0.43), P <0.001) and 28 ventilator-free days were higher (16.07 ± 12.2 days versus 18.33 ± 11.6 days; mean difference, 2.30 (95% CI, 1.57; 3.00), P <0.001) than in the preintervention period. Midazolam consumption (in milligrams per day of MV) decreased from 329 ± 70 mg/day to 163 ± 115 mg/day (mean difference, -167 (95% CI, -246; -87), P <0.001). In contrast, consumption of propofol (P = 0.007), dexmedetomidine (P = 0.017) and haloperidol (P = 0.002) increased in the postintervention period, without changes in the consumption of fentanyl. Through ITS, age (P = 0.574) and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (P = 0.176) remained stable. The length of MV showed a secular effect (secular trend β1β=-0.055, P = 0.012) and a strong decrease immediately after the intervention (intervention β2 = -0.976, P <0.001). The impact was maintained over the course of one year, despite the waning trend for the intervention’s effect (postintervention trend β3 = 0.039, P = 0.095).

Conclusions
By using a light sedation policy in a group of nonteaching hospitals, we reproduced the benefits that have previously been demonstrated in controlled settings. Furthermore, systematic monitoring of sedative consumption should be a feasible instrument for supporting the implementation of a protocol on a large scale.
Rapid Induction of COOLing in Stroke Patients (iCOOL1): a randomised pilot study comparing cold infusions with nasopharyngeal cooling
Authors: Poli Sven , Purrucker Jan , Priglinger Miriam , Ebner Matthias , Sykora Marek , Diedler Jennifer , Bulut Cem , Popp Erik , Rupp André , Hametner Christian 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Induction methods for therapeutic cooling are under investigated. We compared the effectiveness and safety of cold infusions (CI) and nasopharyngeal cooling (NPC) for cooling induction in stroke patients.

Methods
A prospective, open-label, randomised (1:1), single-centre pilot trial with partially blinded safety endpoint assessment was conducted at the neurointensive care unit of Heidelberg University. Intubated stroke patients with an indication for therapeutic cooling and an intracranial pressure (ICP)/temperature brain probe were randomly assigned to CI (4°C, 2L at 4L/h) or NPC (60L/min for 1 h). Previous data suggested a maximum decrease of tympanic temperature for CI (2.1L within 35 min) after 52 min. Therefore the study period was 1 hour (15 min subperiods I-IV). The brain temperature course was the primary endpoint. Secondary measures included continuous monitoring of neurovital parameters and extracerebral temperatures. Statistical analysis based on repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
Of 221 patients screened, 20 were randomized within 5 months. Infusion time of 2L CI was 33 ± 4 min in 10 patients and 10 patients received NPC for 60 min. During active treatment (first 30 min), brain temperature decreased faster with CI than during NPC (I: -0.31 ± 0.2 versus -0.12 ± 0.1°C, P = 0.008; II: -1.0 ± 0.3 versus -0.49 ± 0.3°C, P = 0.001). In the CI-group, after the infusion was finished, the intervention no longer decreased brain temperature, which increased after 3.5 ± 3.3 min. Oesophageal temperature correlated best with brain temperature during CI and NPC. Tympanic temperature reacted similarly to relative changes of brain temperature during CI, but absolute values slightly differed. CI provoked three severe adverse events during subperiods II-IV (two systolic arterial pressure (SAP), one shivering) compared with four in the NPC-group, all during subperiod I (three SAP, one ICP). Classified as possibly intervention-related, two cases of ventilator failure occurred during NPC.

Conclusions
In intubated stroke patients, brain cooling is faster during CI than during NPC. Importantly, contrary to previous expectations, brain cooling stopped soon after CI cessation. Oesophageal but neither bladder nor rectal temperature is suited as surrogate for brain temperature during CI and NPC. Several severe adverse events in CI and in NPC demand further studying of safety.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01573117. Registered 31 March 2012
Evolution of insulin sensitivity and its variability in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients treated with hypothermia
Authors: Sah Pri Azurahisham , Chase J Geoffrey , Pretty Christopher G , Shaw Geoffrey M , Preiser Jean-Charles , Vincent Jean-Louis , Oddo Mauro , Taccone Fabio S , Penning Sophie , Desaive Thomas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is often used to treat out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who also often simultaneously receive insulin for stress-induced hyperglycaemia. However, the impact of TH on systemic metabolism and insulin resistance in critical illness is unknown. This study analyses the impact of TH on metabolism, including the evolution of insulin sensitivity (SI) and its variability, in patients with coma after OHCA.

Methods
This study uses a clinically validated, model-based measure of SI. Insulin sensitivity was identified hourly using retrospective data from 200 post-cardiac arrest patients (8,522 hours) treated with TH, shortly after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Blood glucose and body temperature readings were taken every one to two hours. Data were divided into three periods: 1) cool (T <35°C); 2) an idle period of two hours as normothermia was re-established; and 3) warm (T >37°C). A maximum of 24 hours each for the cool and warm periods was considered. The impact of each condition on SI is analysed per cohort and per patient for both level and hour-to-hour variability, between periods and in six-hour blocks.

Results
Cohort and per-patient median SI levels increase consistently by 35% to 70% and 26% to 59% (P <0.001) respectively from cool to warm. Conversely, cohort and per-patient SI variability decreased by 11.1% to 33.6% (P <0.001) for the first 12 hours of treatment. However, SI variability increases between the 18th and 30th hours over the cool to warm transition, before continuing to decrease afterward.

Conclusions
OCHA patients treated with TH have significantly lower and more variable SI during the cool period, compared to the later warm period. As treatment continues, SI level rises, and variability decreases consistently except for a large, significant increase during the cool to warm transition. These results demonstrate increased resistance to insulin during mild induced hypothermia. Our study might have important implications for glycaemic control during targeted temperature management.
Hyperspectral imaging, spectrofluorimetry, FORS and XRF for the non-invasive study of medieval miniatures materials
Authors: Mounier Aurélie , Le Bourdon Gwénaëlle , Aupetit Christian , Belin Colette , Servant Laurent , Lazare Sylvain , Lefrais Yannick , Daniel Floréal 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Illuminated manuscripts are complex multi-layer and multi-material objects. To this difficulty, from the analytical point of view, is added the impossibility of removing samples from these paintings for the study of their materials and techniques. There are relatively few analytical methods that satisfy these constraints as the availability of non-invasive techniques adapted to painted manuscripts is limited and mainly focused on the characterization of inorganic compounds. In the context of a research project on the analytical study of the forty miniatures in the Marcadé collection (Treasury of the Saint-André Cathedral of Bordeaux, XIII to XVI century), the potential of two non-invasive methods, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and spectrofluorimetry is explored.

Results
The methodological development of these techniques as well as preliminary tests on miniatures recreated according to medieval recipes and materials, allowed the validation of the analytical parameters and the creation of a database of reference spectra (parchments, pigments, binders). Hyperspectral imaging associates reflectance spectra with each pixel of the image and treats the signal received in various wavelengths. The characteristics of the spectral signal in VIS range or NIR are used to get an identification and a localization of the components. It allows the study of the entire image and offers lots of ways to work: comparison of spectra, mapping, principal component analyses and false color images. Spectrofluorimetry is a sensitive method which gives information on fluorescent organic compounds under UV or visible light. Emission and excitation spectra of five red pigments in binding media have been collected. These methods were compared with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the qualitative analysis and mapping of the inorganic elements in a facsimile which had been purposely reproduced by an illumination painter who worked with original medieval recipes for the sake of developing the present study.

Conclusions
The combination of all these techniques allows good identification of all the materials used on an illuminated manuscript. The pertinent selection of the wavelengths used with the HSI system and a preliminary database and study of materials under UV and white light is described in this paper.
Synthesis of Silicon Molecular Precursor Chlorosilyl Dichloroboryl Ethane (CSDE) through Experiment Optimization
Authors: He Weiqi , Chen Lixin , Xu Tingting , Wei Dan , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chlorosilyl dichloroboryl ethane, Cl[(CH3)2]Si–CH(CH3)–BCl2 (CSDE), is an important precursor used to prepare Si/B/C/(N) ceramics, which can be synthesized by the hydroboration reaction. An optimized synthesis route to prepare CSDE was found by examining the reaction conditions, including the ratio of reactants and reaction time through an orthogonal experiment. In addition, an unknown by-product was also studied during the orthogonal experiment. By analyzing and calculating the results of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 11B NMR, the following conditions were found to be optimal for this reaction: TESH(Et3SiH):TCB(BCl3):CDVS (CH2=CH–Si(CH3)2Cl) = 1.025:1.2:1; reaction time: 20 min.
The Russians and Chinese Proverbs of the Lexemes «Mother», «Father», «Husband», «Wife» in the Russian and Chinese Communication
Authors: Гогулина  , Gogulina N. , Вэньцзя  , Vncz Wang 
Published: October 2014

The article deals with the problem of comparative study of Russian and Chinese
proverbs. The paper is an analysis of some nouns of persons through
relationship and Proverbs with nouns and conceptually important for Russian
and Chinese philology and culture. The work is done at the interface
between Linguistics and culture experts and is aimed at identifying national
cultural specifics of Russian and Chinese Proverbs with the names of persons
on the basis of kinship.
It is in the axiological notions of gender, kinship and family in Russian and
Chinese cultures reflected in paremias that the national specifics is detected.
The article gives logical and thematic classification of the collected material,
which includes the following semantic groups: characterization of the role of
a family member, their emotionally estimated characteristics, relationships
between family members.
Romanian Lingvistic World Model
Authors: Силантьева  , Silanteva T. 
Published: October 2014

This essay is intended to look into the key distinctive features of the
Romanian linguistic world view (the ‘LWV’) evolution, focusing on its
constant aspects as well as changes that are coming about in the age
of globalisation. The author analyses the ethno-national concepts and
value archetypes relying on credible linguistic and cultural studies that
highlight the fundamentals of the Romanian language consciousness.
The unique character of the Romanian LWV is linked to the fact that it
bears heavily on cultural origins and folkloric traditions of this people,
something that was warranted by the historical conditions of national
evolution.
The author also provides a detailed analysis of various phenomena embedded
in the Romanian language consciousness, including the mioritic
space which has no equivalents in other languages and intrinsic ethnonational
concepts of this people.
The essay indicates that while retaining its fundamental value archetypes,
the LWV grew to adopt new trends in universal accomplishments
and search in the field of arts. Hence, a sharp focus on the communication
aspects of the issue, as well as universality dialectics and the
distinctive nature of the contemporary Romania’s LWV.
Basis for Development of Professional Standard for HR Management Specialist
Authors: Свистунов  , Svistunov Vasiliy , Кибанов  , Kibanov Ardalon , Коновалова  , Konovalova Valyeriya 
Published: October 2014

The article outlines the need to develop professional standards for an HR Manager, the purpose of its development and application, structure, and requirements
for its content. HR Manager must have a comprehensive knowledge, formed by the junction of multiple sciences: economics, management, sociology, psychology,
confl ict management, business ethics, cultural studies, pedagogics, labor law as well as ergonomics, psychophysiology, professiology, psychophysiology,
professional activity, labor economics, sociology and psychology of labor statistics. All this should be refl ected in the Standard draft. In organization there is
no other professional (except for the Personnel Manager), who would have accompanied the entire working life of the employee. This is the uniqueness of
profession; he/she must have not only professional knowledge, but general as well. Objects of HR Manager professional activity are considered and the place
of the HR Manager standard in the system of Personnel Management standards in defi ned. The article provides a concrete example of the development of the
standard, which refers to a generalized labor functions: control of strategy of personnel policy and workforce planning in the organization. On the example
discussed in some detail work functions of this generalized function of labor, labor actions necessary skills and knowledge (competencies).
Characteristics of Development of Exhibition and Fair Activities in Moscow
Authors: Лапина  , Lapina N. 
Published: October 2014

The paper presents the analytical information about the development of exhibition activity in Moscow as an information, communication and intellectual
resources of socio-economic development of the region. On the basis of extensive statisticsthe author traced the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative
development indexes of the sphere of exhibition and fair activities, which directly depends on the state of economics and investment activity in the territory.
Exhibitions and fairs in Moscow is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the city, that largely determines the socio-economic and cultural development
of the capital. 15 exhibition venues of the capital annually hold approximately 550 exhibition events with international participation, including the
ones proposed by foreign organizations. The main trend in recent years has been to move many exhibitions fromunspecialized platforms and poorly equipped
exhibition centers to complexes of international level. In Moscow exhibition centers that meet international standards are Expocenter and Crocus Expo. Moscow
has 943.2 thousand square meters of exhibition spaces.
Another feature of Moscow exhibition market is the prevalence of specialized and highly specialized exhibitions. The market of trade exhibitions and fairs develops
more in the direction of B2B, i.e. business to business. Whereas regional-level activities are mainly targeted at fi nal customers.
An important aspect of the exhibition-fair and congress activities is its socio-economic orientation, that providesfor increased business activity in the regions,
development of regional economies, eff ective market positioning of territories, creation of new jobs and permanent employment in the region’s infrastructure.
The author concludes that there is a need for state regulation of the exhibition activity, development and improvement of the regulatory and legal framework
for its regulation.
Theoretical Basics for Building Economical and Effective Systems of Human Resources Management in Organizations
Authors: Кибанов  , Kibanov Ardalon 
Published: October 2014

We continue publishing lectures on new Bachelor’s program – Economics of Human Resources Management. The article studies classifi cation and essence of
elements of organizational economic mechanism of human resources management, and components and essence of functional target model of human resources
management of an organization, which is the major source of building economical and eff ective systems of human resources management.
Monitoring the Preferences of Employers and Prospects of Improving Competency Profiles for Bachelor’s Programs in Human Resources Management
Authors: Меньшенина  , Menshenina E. 
Published: October 2014

This paper, based on surveys conducted by consulting and staffi ng companies’ sites, analyzes the employers’ and public authorities’requirementsto applicants
for positions related to human resources management. A study was conducted on compliance of competency profi le model demanded by employers, the
structure and level of its development compared to state educational standards for Bachelor’s program in Human Resources Management. Research resulted
in formulating competencyprofi le required for university graduates to start professional career. We revealed that the educational standard contains redundant
list of competencies, and at the same time does not entirelymeet the needs of employers. Such competences as business understanding and the ability to
manage changes, and team management are not brought up in the educational standard. Moreover, the eff ective employment of graduates requires formation
of certain competences within the educational process, i.e.providing informational base for practice, establishing business contacts with organizations’ management,
generating interest in young professionals. Conducted analysis helped to identify gaps in educational standards from employers’ perspective, as well
as to formulate the most probable career paths for university graduates and necessary model competencies for successful employment.
Personnel Loyalty and Ways of Its Development in Organization
Authors: Сыманюк  , Symanyuk E. , Синякова  , Sinyakova M. 
Published: October 2014

The article discusses the relevance of the formation of staff loyalty in current conditions, and substantiates the personnel loyalty phenomenon. It also considers
tripartite model of loyalty, which includes aff ective loyalty, loyalty due to length of service, normative loyalty. The article defi nes qualities of a loyal employee
to ensure the eff ective functioning of the personnel management system. The paper alsoevidences factors contributing to staff loyalty to the organization:
the social protection of workers, management transparency, humanity (no undue rigidity to workers by management) and corporate culture. Particular attention
is paid to the disclosure of loyalty levels: loyalty of the trappings level, loyalty of the actions and behavior level, loyalty of the ability level, loyalty of the
belief level, loyalty of the identity level. The author discusses ways of developing loyalty (diagnosis of staff loyalty level, group discussions, role-playing) and
the impact of loyalty on labor productivity, the level of confl ict in the organization, communications and the organization as a whole.
Economic Theory As the Basis for Management Accounting and Analysis
Authors: Аверина  , Averina Tatyana 
Published: October 2014

Practical application of economic theory in the field of management accounting
and analysis is vast and its full potential is yet untapped. Marginal analysis
application can be further expanded through using the economic model of total
cost short-term changes. The paper provides the worked example of how to
apply the theory of fixed and variable costs to enhance methods for developing
more flexible budget and controlling deviations in costs.
Risk Analysis of Manufacturing Enterprises in the Course of Investment Activity
Authors: Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2014

The paper examines theoretical and practical aspects of risk analysis and risk
assessment methods to be applied to production sphere enterprises in the
course of investment activity. The case study of qualitative and quantitative risk
analysis of a particular enterprise is presented, risk probability is assessed
based on Delphi procedure. The author provides recommendations on risk
mitigation. As the author argues, the highest return on investments can be
achieved only when various methods of risk mitigation are used in complex.