bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax Base Composition and Revenue Volatility: Evidence from the U.S. States
Authors: KWAK SUNJOO 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines the effect of tax base composition on revenue volatility, with focus on state general sales tax and individual income tax. In doing so, extensive historical data (1992–2007) are presented on state taxation of various categories of sales and incomes that exhibit wide cross‐state variations in taxable status, and revenue volatility is measured using the deviation‐from‐trend approach. Models of sales and income tax volatility are estimated using pooled OLS, and the analyses reveal that revenue volatility is significantly affected by how the tax base is composed. The paper concludes by discussing the policy implications of the results.
The Role of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD): Confronting the Problem of Illegal Drugs in the Americas
Authors: Horwitz Betty 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe illegal drug trade has become a serious threat for the Americas. Is a multilateral approach to combat it possible? This article proposes that the United States and Latin America are finding ways to use multilateral organisms to confront this threat and examines as an example the role of CICAD in setting a cooperative agenda to develop an antidrug regime. CICAD has established common ground for long-term cooperation in certain areas. But common drug strategies in the Americas require the support of the United States and the cooperation of Latin American states, both of which are still works in progress. Therefore the future of the CICAD-inspired antidrug regime will depend on whether the United States and Latin America will cooperate to define the illegal drug threat in the same way and bestow on CICAD the authority necessary to address it.
Legislative Parties in Volatile, Nonprogrammatic Party Systems: The Peruvian Case in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Alemán Eduardo , Ponce Aldo F. , Sagarzazu Iñaki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article extends the analysis of political parties in electorally volatile and organizationally weak party systems by evaluating two implications centered on legislative voting behavior. First, it examines whether disunity prevails where weakness of programmatic and electoral commonalities abound. Second, it analyzes whether inchoate party systems weaken the ability of government parties to control the congressional agenda. The empirical analysis centers on Peru, a classic example of a weakly institutionalized party system, and how its legislative parties compare to those of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States. The results lend support to the view that lower unity characterizes weakly institutionalized settings. The agenda-setting power of government parties, however, appears to be influenced more by the majority status of the government than by the level of party system institutionalization.
An Integrated Model of Vote Choice in Argentina, 2009
Authors: Cataife Guido 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article studies voter behavior in Argentina. Do voters vote based on issues? Do they vote based on economic performance? What segments of the population are more or less likely to do so? What is the relative impact of issues and the economy in vote choice? To provide a reliable answer to these questions, this study uses a mixed-logit model of spatial voting with nonpolicy components. Contrary to the common belief, the analysis finds that issue voting is a statistically significant and important factor. Economic voting is prevalent in the middle and upper classes, but not among poor voters.
Identification of metallic items that caused nickel dermatitis in Danish patients
Authors: Thyssen Jacob P. , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Nickel allergy is prevalent as assessed by epidemiological studies. Objectives: In an attempt to further identify and characterize sources that may result in nickel allergy and dermatitis, we analysed items identified by nickel‐allergic dermatitis patients as causative of nickel dermatitis by using the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test. Materials and methods: Dermatitis patients with nickel allergy of current relevance were identified over a 2‐year period in a tertiary referral patch test centre. When possible, their work tools and personal items were examined with the DMG test. Results: Among 95 nickel‐allergic dermatitis patients, 70 (73.7%) had metallic items investigated for nickel release. A total of 151 items were investigated, and 66 (43.7%) gave positive DMG test reactions. Objects were nearly all purchased or acquired after the introduction of the EU Nickel Directive. Only one object had been inherited, and only two objects had been purchased outside of Denmark. Conclusions: DMG testing is valuable as a screening test for nickel release and should be used to identify relevant exposures in nickel‐allergic patients. Mainly consumer items, but also work tools used in an occupational setting, released nickel in dermatitis patients. This study confirmed ‘risk items' from previous studies, including mobile phones.
Docetaxel‐induced photo‐recall phenomenon
Authors: Droitcourt Catherine , Le Hô Hélêne , Adamski Henri , Le Gall François , Dupuy Alain 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhoto‐recall phenomenon is a phototoxic eruption occurring on areas of previous ultraviolet‐induced solar erythema following a systemic administration of a drug. It has been mostly described with methotrexate but remains rare with other antineoplastic drugs. We describe a case of docetaxel‐induced photo‐recall skin rash in a woman treated for a non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Although the patient has refused to receive a second infusion, chemotherapy can be carried on with photoprotection and the use of topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. In contrast, radiation recall is a well‐known reaction by oncologists, most of them may not be aware of a similar phenomenon called photo‐recall phenomenon. Recognizing this entity may avoid misdiagnosing a drug allergy and should avoid inappropriate decisions of drug discontinuation.
Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of secondary school adolescents regarding protection from sun exposure: a survey in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Chatproedprai Susheera , Wananukul Siriwan 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundSun protection behavior is a proven intervention for aging skin and skin cancer prevention, especially if training on prolonged sun exposure can be performed early in life. Despite the fact that there are several study reports from multicenters in the West, there are limited data on sun protection in tropical countries where the prevalence of sunburn as well as sun protection behavior and knowledge are low. In Bangkok, sun protection behavior among adolescents is different from the studies performed in the West. Schools are key institutions in encouraging students to prevent themselves from acquiring problems of long‐time sun exposure.ObjectiveTo assess the amount of time exposed to the sun, sun protection behavior, attitudes, and knowledge about sun exposure protection among secondary school adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand.MethodsThis is a nonrandomized, cross‐sectional survey. All students from seven secondary schools in Bangkok (public/private, male/female/coed) were recruited in to the study.ResultsA total of 10 387 students were enrolled in to the study; 6176 (59.5%) and 4211 (40.5%) students were from grades 7 to 9 and 10 to 12, respectively. Male students significantly lacked proper sun‐protecting behaviors when compared to the female students in the use of sunscreen (9.4% vs. 28.0%, P < 0.001), staying under the shade (55.5% vs. 65.2%, P < 0.001), and use of umbrellas (5.2% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.001). Proper attitudes and sun‐protecting behaviors among junior high school students were deficient when compared to high school students in the use of sunscreen (57.1% vs. 60.6%, P < 0.001), types of clothing (10.5% vs. 15.3%, P < 0.001), and hat (3.2% vs. 3.9%, P < 0.001).ConclusionSun protection behavior among adolescents in Bangkok was poor compared to Western countries. The attitudes and general knowledge about sun protection were significantly different among male and female students from grades 7 to 9 and 10 to 12.LimitationThe limitation of the study is the use of self‐reported questionnaires in assessing sun exposure and protection.
Topical nutlin‐3a does not decrease photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar radiation in hairless mice
Authors: Lerche Catharina Margrethe , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Poulsen Thomas , Gniadecki Robert , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundNutlin‐3a increases p53 levels after UVB radiation, which could result in a decrease in DNA damage and thus lead to a lower risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer. Especially, organ transplant recipients might derive benefit from such a topical formulation with an active ingredient to prevent DNA damage.PurposeTo investigate whether topical nutlin‐3a can decrease photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar radiation.Methods72 hairless C3.Cg/TifBomTac mice were treated 3 days/week topically with 100 μl nutlin‐3a (9 mM) [Groups 1 and 3 (120 days)) or 100 μl vehicle (Group 2). Three hours later, all mice were exposed to simulated solar radiation (a radiometric equivalent of three standard erythema dose units).ResultsThe median time to tumours did not differ between the mice treated with nutlin‐3a and with the vehicle. The median time to the first and second tumours did not differ between ‘nutlin‐3a‐120 days’ and vehicle‐treated mice, but there was a small significant difference in the median time to the third tumour (211 vs. 196 days, P = 0.043). However, after Bonferroni correction, there was no difference at all.ConclusionNutlin‐3a had no reductive effect on photocarcinogenesis and we do not believe in nutlin‐3a as a potential drug against DNA damage in a topical formulation for organ transplant patients.
Job satisfaction and job content in Dutch dental hygienists
Authors: Jerković‐Ćosić K , van Offenbeek MAG , van der Schans CP 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis study compares the scope of practice of Dutch dental hygienists (DHs) educated through a 2‐ or 3‐year curriculum (‘old‐style DHs’) with that of hygienists educated through a new extended 4‐year curriculum leading to a bachelor's degree (‘new‐style DHs’), with the aim to investigate whether an extended scope of practice positively affects perceived skill variety, autonomy and job satisfaction.MethodsThe questionnaires were obtained from old‐ and new‐style DHs (n = 413, response 38%; n = 219, response 59%, respectively), in which respondents had recorded their dental tasks, perceived skill variety, autonomy and job satisfaction.
T
‐tests were used to analyse differences between old‐ and new‐style DHs, and regression analyses were performed to assess the relation between scope of practice and skill variety, autonomy and job satisfaction.ResultsNew‐style DHs have a more extended scope of practice compared with old‐style DHs. Despite their more complex jobs, which are theoretically related to higher job satisfaction, new‐style DHs perceive lower autonomy and job satisfaction (P < 0.05). Skill variety is the strongest predictor for DHs' job satisfaction (β = 0.462), followed by autonomy (β = 0.202) and caries decisive tasks, the last affecting job satisfaction negatively (β = −0.149). Self‐employment is the strongest significant predictor for autonomy (β = 0.272).ConclusionsThe core business of DHs remains the prevention and periodontology services. New‐style DHs combine these tasks with extended tasks in the caries field, which can lead to comparatively less job satisfaction, because of a lower experienced autonomy in performing these extended tasks.
The Analgesic Concentration of Oxycodone with Co‐administration of Paracetamol – A Dose‐Finding Study in Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Kokki Merja , Broms Susanna , Eskelinen Matti , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Halonen Toivo , Kokki Hannu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have previously shown that paracetamol has an opioid‐sparing effect in tonsillectomy, and now, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy of paracetamol i.v. in early post‐operative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCC). Twenty‐four patients with LCC were randomized to receive paracetamol i.v. 1 g (group 1) or 2 g (group 2) at the end of surgery. All patients were provided 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone i.v. 15 min. before the end of surgery. At the recovery room when the wound pain at rest was ≥3/10 and/or ≥5/10 during the wound compression, plasma sample was taken for the determination of oxycodone (minimum effective concentration, MEC), its metabolites and paracetamol. After that the patients were titrated with further doses of oxycodone i.v. to wound pain < 3/10 at rest and < 5/10 during wound compression, plasma sample was taken for the determination of minimum effective analgesic concentration (MEAC) of oxycodone. The total oxycodone dose needed for pain relief was similar, about 0.3 mg/kg (range 0.2–0.5), in both groups (p = 0.80). At the onset of pain, P‐oxycodone (MEC) was similar in both groups, 25 ng/ml (19–32) in group 1 and 24 ng/ml (16–34) in group 2. The pain relief (MEAC) was achieved in group 1 with P‐oxycodone 70 ng/ml (30–131) and in group 2 with 62 ng/ml (36–100) (p = 0.48). In conclusion, in the early‐phase after LCC, there was no significant difference between the effect of paracetamol doses of 1 g and 2 g i.v. on the need of i.v. oxycodone.
Lysosomal Instability and Cathepsin B Release during Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Woolbright Benjamin L. , Ramachandran Anup , McGill Mitchell R. , Yan Hui‐min , Bajt Mary Lynn , Sharpe Matthew R. , Lemasters John J. , Jaeschke Hartmut 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is currently the most frequent cause of drug‐induced liver failure in the United States. Recently, it was shown that lysosomal iron translocates to mitochondria where it contributes to the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether cathepsin B, a lysosomal protease, is involved in APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Cathepsin B activity was measured in subcellular liver fractions of C57Bl/6 mice 3 hr after 300 mg/kg APAP treatment. There was a significant increase in cytoplasmic cathepsin activity, concurrent with a decrease in microsomal activity, indicative of lysosomal cathepsin B release. To investigate the effect of cathepsin B on hepatotoxicity, the cathepsin inhibitor AC‐LVK‐CHO was given 1 hr prior to 300 mg/kg APAP treatment along with vehicle control. There was no difference between groups in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, or by histological evaluation of necrosis, although cathepsin B activity was inhibited by 70–80% compared with controls. These findings were confirmed with a different inhibitor (z‐FA‐fmk) in vivo and in vitro. Hepatocytes were exposed to 5 mM acetaminophen. Lysotracker staining confirmed lysosomal instability and cathepsin B release, but there was no reduction in cell death after treatment with cathepsin B inhibitors. Finally, cathepsin B release was measured in clinical samples from patients with APAP‐induced liver injury. Low levels of cathepsin B were released into plasma from overdose patients. APAP overdose causes lysosomal instability and release of cathepsin B into the cytosol but does not contribute to liver injury under these conditions.
Complete Early Virological Response Was Highly Achieved by Double Filtration Plasmapheresis Plus IFN‐Beta Induction Therapy for HCV‐1b Patients With Relapse or No Response After Previous IFN Therapy
Authors: Ishikawa Toru , Higuchi Kazuo , Kubota Tomoyuki , Seki Kei‐ichi , Honma Terasu , Yoshida Toshiaki , Kamimura Tomoteru , Tasaki Kazuyuki , Hirose Shintarou , Suzuki Yasushi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) plus interferon (IFN)‐β induction therapy was preliminarily investigated in re‐treated patients with chronic genotype 1b hepatitis C and high viral load (patients with relapse or non‐response to previous IFN therapies). In eight patients with chronic hepatitis C, DFPP was performed five times over 2 weeks during IFN‐β therapy, and 3 MU of IFN‐β was administered twice a day for 2 weeks. Combination therapies with ribavirin and pegylated IFN‐α2b (PEG‐IFN‐α2b) or pegylated IFN‐α2a (PEG‐IFN‐α2a) were subsequently used. After 4 weeks, hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA tended to be more greatly decreased with DFPP combination therapy than with previous IFN therapy (4.5 ± 2.0 log10IU/mL vs. 2.9 ± 1.2 log10IU/mL). Rates of both rapid virological response and complete early virological response were significantly higher with DFPP and IFN‐β induction therapy than with previous IFN therapy. DFPP plus IFN‐β induction therapy produced a great reduction of viral load during the early stage of treatment and achieved a high early virological response, suggesting that this combination therapy may be useful as a new treatment modality for chronic hepatitis C patients in difficult‐to‐treat states. This combination may contribute to sustained virological response (SVR). The effects of DFPP on SVR and its significance remain to be clarified.
Immunoregulatory Effects of Adsorptive Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis in Patients with Drug Refractory Crohn's Disease
Authors: Nagase Kazuko , Fukunaga Ken , Kashiwamura Shinichiro , Kono Tomoaki , Kamikozuru Koji , Yokoyama Yoko , Hida Nobuyuki , Ohda Yoshio , Takeda Naohisa , Yoshida Koji , Iimuro Masaki , Kikuyama Risa , Kato Kyoichi , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn Japan, adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) is an approved treatment option in patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). However, there is inadequate knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) of therapeutic effects of this non‐pharmacologic treatment strategy. Further, recently we have been interested in the regulatory T‐cell (Treg) profile which has an essential immunoregulatory function. Thirteen CD patients were treated with a single GMA session. The mean CD activity index (CDAI) and duration of CD were 218.5 and 9.8 years, respectively. Eight healthy volunteers participated as a control group. From CD patients, whole blood was taken immediately before and after the GMA session directly from the GMA column inflow and outflow lines. Broad spectrum serum key cytokines and chemokines were measured by suspension‐array and ELISA. At baseline, almost all assayed inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in CD patients. Treg‐associated cytokines including IL‐10 (P < 0.02) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 (P < 0.03), were higher in the GMA column outflow vs. inflow. In contrast, the Th1/Th2 balance, defined as IFN‐γ/IL‐10 was lower during hemofiltration (P = 0.05), potentially due to an elevated IL‐10 (P < 0.02) because an elevation of pro‐inflammatory IFN‐γ (Th1) was not observed at the GMA column outflow. A single GMA session had a significant impact on the Treg profile. Treg‐related cytokines like IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 in the blood returning to the patients from the GMA column outflow were elevated, while pro‐inflammatory cytokines like IFN‐γ were not. This action of GMA is potentially very interesting in patients with immune disorders, like CD patients.
Environmental Impact of Agricultural Trade Liberalization under NAFTA
Authors: SOTO GLORIA 
Published: October 2015

Fifteen years after its implementation, the North American Free Trade Agreement has been subject to evaluations from different perspectives, including environmental assessments. According to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), results of these evaluations show that at the aggregate level, the environmental impacts of free trade are marginal. This article presents relationships between corn trade and environment through anex postevaluation. I show a quantification of the land‐use change and connections with deforestation and biodiversity loss in Mexico, as poor farmers expanded their agricultural activity into marginal forest and jungle areas to compensate for lost income. I also analyze the impact on land‐use change in the United States resulting from increased corn exports to Mexico.Related Articles:Ibarrarán. 2007. “Climate Change Research and Policy in Mexico: Implications for North American Security.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00080.x/abstractVanNijnatten. 2007. “The Security and Prosperity Agreement as an ‘Indicator Species’ for the Emerging North American Environmental Regime.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00079.x/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=Related Media:Annan. 2005. “Message of Kofi Annan.”http://www.maweb.org/en/Videos.aspxMillennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005b. “Ecosystems and Human Well‐being.”http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdfQuince años después de su implementación, el TLCAN ha sido sujeto a muchos estudios desde diferentes perspectivas, incluyendo evaluaciones ambientales. De acuerdo con la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental (CCA), los resultados de estas evaluaciones muestran que a un nivel agregado los impactos ambientales del libre comercio son marginales. Este artículo presenta la relación entre el comercio de maíz y el medio ambiente a través de una evaluaciónex post. Se muestra una cuantificación del cambio de uso de suelo y su conexión con la deforestación y la pérdida de biodiversidad en México; a medida que agricultores de escasos recursos expandieron sus actividades agrícolas hacia los márgenes de áreas con bosques y selvas para compensar pérdidas en su ingreso. También se analiza el impacto de un cambio en el uso de suelo en los Estados Unidos como resultado de un aumento en las exportaciones de maíz a México.
Corruption's Challenge to Democracy: A Review of the Issues
Authors: Lagunes Paul F. 
Published: October 2015

This article examines the challenge that corruption poses to democracy. Democracy is attractive because it offers people a state that is accountable to the public. This is a guarantee founded on the notion that sovereign power belongs to the citizenry. A corollary to this idea is that government officials are the public's agents. Thus, when civil servants use their position of authority to serve their personal interests, they weaken the democratic regime's legitimacy and place the entire social contract at risk. Given the risks associated with corruption, the battle to curb this undesirable behavior through the use of multiple mechanisms of accountability is necessary.Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:
Luckhurst and Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract

Palonen. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 930‐957. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00389.x/abstract

Lenz. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 827‐847. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00383.x/abstract
Related Media:
. 2010. “ [Montesinos: The True Story].” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4ucGVHdP6w&feature=youtu.be
Este artículo estudia la tensión que existe entre dos fenómenos políticos: la democracia y la corrupción. La democracia es un sistema de gobierno atractivo porque ofrece un estado que tiene como objetivo favorecer el interés público. Esta es una garantía basada en el principio de que el poder soberano le pertenece a la ciudadanía. Por lo mismo, cuando un funcionario actúa de manera corrupta abusando de su autoridad para servir sus intereses particulares deslegitima la autoridad y pone en riesgo al contrato social. Para evitar que la corrupción debilite al régimen democrático es necesario que los gobiernos combatan este mal a través de diversos mecanismos que promueven la rendición de cuentas.