bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State, Unions, and Work Reorganization
Authors: Mello e Silva Leonardo 
Published: October 2013

The state and the unions are the main institutions of corporate governance in Brazil’s emerging economy. The human-resource management policies of firms rely on changes in labor law and labor market regulations rather than on managerial models. The legal measures taken by the past two administrations, including profit-related pay and the hour bank, all aim at flexibility and labor market deregulation. The current reforms of Brazilian labor law apparently fit, in a contradictory way, long-standing banners of the “new unionism” such as decentralized negotiations and anticorporatist procedures. Neoliberal policies have disrupted old labor allegiances, leaving the unions more vulnerable than ever. El estado y los sindicatos son las principales instituciones de gobierno corporativista en la emergente economía brasileña. Las políticas de administración de recursos humanos de las empresas depende más de cambios en la ley laboral y de la regulación del mercado de trabajo que de modelos de gestión empresarial. Las medidas legales tomadas por las dos últimas administraciones, incluyendo las políticas de salarios atados a las ganancias y el banco de horas, todos apuntan a la flexibilidad y desregulación del mercado de trabajo. Aparentemente las actuales reformas de la ley laboral brasileña caben, en forma contradictoria, en lemas establecidos del “nuevo sindicalismo” como son negociaciones descentralizadas y procedimientos anti-corporativos. Las antiguas lealtades laborales, ahora quebrantadas por la política neoliberal, deja a los sindicatos más vulnerables que nunca.
Serotonin Syndrome
Authors: Park Susie H. , Wackernah Robin C. , Stimmel Glen L. 
Published: October 2013

Background: There is a warning associated with all serotonergic antidepressants and its concomitant use with tramadol due to the concern for a drug–drug interaction resulting in serotonin syndrome (SS). The prescribing of antidepressants with tramadol may be unnecessarily restricted due to fear of causing this syndrome. Objectives: There are 3 objectives of this review. To (1) review case reports of SS associated with the combination of tramadol and antidepressant drugs in recommended doses, (2) describe the mechanisms of the drug interaction, and (3) identify the potential risk factors for SS. Methods: Case reports of SS associated with tramadol and antidepressants were identified via Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Ovid (through October 2012) using search terms SS, tramadol, antidepressants, fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, escitalopram, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, milnacipran, trazodone, vilazodone, and bupropion. Cases involving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants were excluded. Results: Nine articles were identified describing 10 cases of suspected SS associated with therapeutic doses of tramadol combined with an antidepressant. Mechanisms of the drug–drug interactions involve pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and possible pharmacogenetic factors. Conclusions: Review of the available case reports of tramadol combined with antidepressant drugs in therapeutic doses indicates caution in regard to the potential for SS but does not constitute a contraindication to their use. Tramadol is only contraindicated in combination with MAOIs but not other antidepressants in common use today. These case reports do suggest several factors associated with a greater risk of SS, including increased age, higher dosages, and use of concomitant potent cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors. Tramadol can be safely combined with antidepressants; however, monitoring and counseling patients are prudent when starting a new serotonergic agent or when doses are increased.
Beaconhouse School System (BSS) Restructuring
Authors: Alvi Sara , Butt Arif N. , Khurshid Anwar 
Published: October 2013

The case discusses the hierarchical and structural changes brought about in 2008 within the Beaconhouse School System. The restructuring was mainly undertaken due to the school’s rapid expansion and fierce competitive environment. Kasim Kasuri, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of BSS, felt that the introduction of school group heads (SGHs) in BSS would help in the improvement of coordination with the regional head office and bring more efficiency and devolution at the school level. The CEO felt that even though restructuring had brought about positive changes within the organization, it had also created some problems that needed to be addressed quickly. These problems included: (a) lack of management skills pertaining to managing and appraising employees by the SGHs; (b) new competencies and skill sets requiring strong leadership and managerial expertise in SGHs; (c) refinement of standard operating procedures and also, support infrastructure, for example, information technology (IT) and performance appraisal systems that needed upgradation; and (d) anxiety and confusion experienced by the principals and staff members regarding new reporting lines and relationships. Kasim was now exploring options that would help BSS to exploit its full potential after the restructuring effort. He knew that restructuring had been progressing well, but now the issues that had arisen needed to be resolved quickly so that employees did not feel alienated from the system.
Husk Power Systems: Bringing Light to Rural India and Tapping Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid
Authors: Gupta Rakesh , Pandit Ajay , Nirjar Abhishek , Gupta Prashant 
Published: October 2013

Lighting over 200 villages through de-centralized power plants, impacting 200,000 people’s lives and counting - Acumen Fund. Although the rapid growth of the Indian economy in the last two decades has brought prosperity to a large segment of its population, thereby leading to higher living standards, there still remain some dark spots that cast doubts on this success story. There are still many remote parts of the country which are deprived of power supply owing to lack of regular supply of electricity through normal grid connections. This scenario changed with the launch of Husk Power Systems (HPS), which was initiated after a conversation between two friends, Gyanesh Pandey in Los Angeles, United States of America (USA), and Ratnesh Yadav in Patna, Bihar, India, and their strong desire to bring change to rural India. After several attempts over five years, to generate power through various biodiesel resources, they settled on rice husk as a source for generating electricity. Husk Power Systems was started in 2007 and today, they have already lit up more than 200 villages with a typical power plant by HPS catering to around five villages depending on the number of households. Currently, they can provide power for up to 12 hours a day, which can be scaled-up to an uninterrupted 24 hour power supply. The challenge here is that there is no current demand for 24 hour power supply in remote villages where people have just started realizing the benefits of electricity and don’t feel the need for continuous power, and also don’t have adequate finances to pay for it. While working on scaling-up their business, the issue which is bothering them most is how to encourage villagers to increase their power consumption to 24 hours a day instead of just 6 hours a day.
The benefits of early active motion on thumb range of motion following extensor pollicis longus tendon repair in zones TIII–TV: A prospective comparison pilot study
Authors: Miller Lauren , Crosbie Jack 
Published: October 2013

Introduction Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) is the most commonly injured extensor tendon in the hand. Following repair of this tendon, whilst early active motion within a volar orthosis is simple and inexpensive, it is not known whether it is more effective at regaining thumb motion than immobilisation. Methods A prospective comparison pilot study including 20 outpatients with repaired EPL tendon lacerations in zones TIII–TV was undertaken. Participants were non-randomly allocated to either immobilisation group or early active motion. The primary outcome measure was thumb interphalangeal joint active extension–flexion. Secondary outcome measures were metacarphalangeal joint active extension–flexion, composite active thumb opposition and retropulsion, the patient-rated wrist/hand evaluation and return to work. Results At 8 weeks, the mean between-group differences for interphalangeal joint extension (−10°; 95% CI −1 to −19), metacarphalangeal joint extension (−12°; 95% CI −23 to −0.4) and composite thumb retropulsion as a percentage of uninjured side (42%; 95% CI 3–81) were all clinically important. There were no other significant between-group differences at 6 or 8 weeks, and no ruptures in either group. Conclusion This pilot comparison study indicated that early active motion has an effect on thumb interphalangeal joint extension, metacarphalangeal joint extension and composite thumb retropulsion by 8 weeks post-operatively. This study lends weight to the need for a properly conducted randomised controlled trial.
Utilization of Silver Hydrogel Sheet Dressing on Postsurgical Incisions
Authors: Galli Melissa M. , Protzman Nicole M. , Brigido Stephen A. 
Published: October 2013

Silver hydrogel dressings are antimicrobial, nonadherent, and have an absorptive capacity many times their weight. Fifty-nine (49.44 ± 16.85 years) foot and ankle patients with incisions >1 cm were prospectively enrolled to compare infection, scarring, and complication rates between the postoperative use of a silver hydrogel sheet (SHS) dressing and a standard petroleum-based (P) dressing. Overall, there were 5 (8.47%) infections; 4 (6.78%) superficial and 1 (1.69%) deep. The SHS group had 1 (3.45%) superficial infection, whereas the P group had 3 (10.00%) superficial infections and 1 (3.33%) deep infection. Infection incidence was similar for both groups ( P = .37). However, in the P group, 3 (10.00%) patients developed wound dehiscence and 1 (1.69%) patient developed a fibrinous scab. Compared with SHS patients, the P patients had a greater incidence of incisional complications (1 [3.45%] vs 8 [26.67%], respectively; P = .03). The percent change in scar length was greater in the SHS group (18.04 ± 41.10%) when compared with the P group (2.00 ± 9.93%; P < .001) while the percent change in scar width was similar in the 2 groups ( P = .19). The lower incidence of incisional complications and the greater reduction in scar length suggest that the inherent properties of the silver hydrogel dressing aid in postsurgical healing. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level II: Prospective comparative trial, pilot study
Comparative Study of Scarf and Extended Chevron Osteotomies for Correction of Hallux Valgus
Authors: Vopat Bryan G. , Lareau Craig R. , Johnson Julie , Reinert Steven E. , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: October 2013

Background Scarf and chevron osteotomies are two described treatments for the correction of hallux valgus deformity, but they have traditionally been employed for different levels of severity. We hypothesized that there would be no statistically significant difference between the results of these two treatments. Methods This study is a retrospective review of 70 consecutive patients treated operatively for moderate and severe hallux valgus malalignment. The two groups based on their operative treatment: scarf osteotomy (Group A) and extended chevron osteotomy (Group B). Preoperative and postoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were measured at final follow-up. Charts were also assessed to determine the postoperative rate of satisfaction, stiffness, and pain. Results There were no statistically significant differences between Groups A and B with regard to the HVA preoperatively and postoperatively. The DMAA was statistically significantly higher for Group B both preoperatively (p=0.0403) and postoperatively (p<0.0001). The differences in HVA correction and IMA correction were not statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to post-operative stiffness, pain, and satisfaction. Discussion The scarf and extended chevron osteotomies are capable of adequately reducing the HVA and IMA in patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus. These two techniques yielded similar patient outcomes in terms of stiffness, pain and satisfaction. Based on these results, we recommend both the scarf and extended chevron osteotomy as acceptable forms of correction for moderate to severe hallux valgus. Levels of Evidence: III, Retrospective Comparative Study
Pharmacogenetics of analgesic drugs
Authors: Cregg Roman , Russo Giovanna , Gubbay Anthony , Branford Ruth , Sato Hiroe 
Published: October 2013

Summary points • Individual variability in pain perception and differences in the efficacy of analgesic drugs are complex phenomena and are partly genetically predetermined. • Analgesics act in various ways on the peripheral and central pain pathways and are regarded as one of the most valuable but equally dangerous groups of medications. • While pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, metabolism in particular, have been scrutinised by genotype–phenotype correlation studies, the clinical significance of inherited variants in genes governing pharmacodynamics of analgesics remains largely unexplored (apart from the µ-opioid receptor). • Lack of replication of the findings from one study to another makes meaningful personalised analgesic regime still a distant future. • This narrative review will focus on findings related to pharmacogenetics of commonly used analgesic medications and highlight authors’ views on future clinical implications of pharmacogenetics in the context of pharmacological treatment of chronic pain.
Long-term outcome and prospective validation of NIH response criteria in 39 patients receiving imatinib for steroid-refractory chronic GVHD
Authors: Olivieri Attilio , Cimminiello Michele , Corradini Paolo , Mordini Nicola , Fedele Roberta , Selleri Carmine , Onida Francesco , Patriarca Francesca , Pavone Enzo , Svegliati Silvia , Gabrielli Armando , Bresciani Paola , Nuccorini Roberta , Pascale Sara , Coluzzi Sabrina , Pane Fabrizio , Poloni Antonella , Olivieri Jacopo , Leoni Pietro , Bacigalupo Andrea 
Published: October 2013

Key PointsEfficacy of imatinib in steroid-refractory chronic GVHD was prospectively compared across 3 different response systems, with high agreement. Validity of quantitative-based assessment of response with NIH criteria was confirmed by its prognostic impact on long-term survival.
HIV-1 infection, response to treatment and establishment of viral latency in a novel humanized T cell-only mouse (TOM) model
Authors: Honeycutt Jenna B , Wahl Angela , Archin Nancie , Choudhary Shailesh , Margolis David , Garcia J Victor 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe major targets of HIV infection in humans are CD4+T cells. CD4+T cell depletion is a hallmark of AIDS. Previously, the SCID-hu thy/liv model was used to study the effect of HIV on thymopoeisisin vivo. However, these mice did not develop high levels of peripheral T cell reconstitution and required invasive surgery for infection and analysis. Here, we describe a novel variant of this model in which thy/liv implantation results in systemic reconstitution with human T cells in the absence of any other human hematopoietic lineages.ResultsNOD/SCID-hu thy/liv and NSG-hu thy/liv mice were created by implanting human fetal thymus and liver tissues under the kidney capsule of either NOD/SCID or NSG mice. In contrast to NOD/SCID-hu thy/liv mice that show little or no human cells in peripheral blood or tissues, substantial systemic human reconstitution occurs in NSG-hu thy/liv. These mice are exclusively reconstituted with human T cells (i.e. T-cell only mice or TOM). Despite substantial levels of human T cells no signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were noted in these mice over a period of 14 months. TOM are readily infected after parenteral exposure to HIV-1. HIV replication is sustained in peripheral blood at high levels and results in modest reduction of CD4+T cells. HIV-1 replication in TOM responds to daily administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulting in strong suppression of virus replication as determined by undetectable viral load in plasma. Latently HIV infected resting CD4+T cells can be isolated from suppressed mice that can be induced to express HIVex-vivoupon activation demonstrating the establishment of latencyin vivo.ConclusionsNSG-hu thy/liv mice are systemically reconstituted with human T cells. No other human lymphoid lineages are present in these mice (i.e. monocytes/macrophages, B cells and DC are all absent). These T cell only mice do not develop GVHD, are susceptible to HIV-1 infection and can efficiently maintain virus replication. HIV infected TOM undergoing ART harbor latently infected, resting CD4+T cells.
Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular density in mammary adenomas and adenocarcinomas in bitches
Authors: Madej Janusz A , Madej Jan P , Dziegiel Piotr , Pula Bartosz , Nowak Marcin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The study aimed at examining hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α expression in adenocarcinomas and adenomas in bitches in regard to tumour malignancy grade, proliferation, apoptosis and vascularisation. Therefore, paraffin sections of 15 adenomas and 64 adenocarcinomas sampled from 79 dogs aged 6 to 16 years were analysed.

Results
A significantly higher HIF-1α expression was noted in adenocarcinomas in comparison to adenomas (P < 0.0004). Moreover, HIF-1α expression in adenocarcinomas correlated positively with tumour malignancy grade (r = 0.59, P < 0.05), Ki-67 antigen expression (r = 0.43; P < 0.0005), TUNEL-positive cells (r = 0.62, P < 0001) and tumour vascularity measured by quantification of vessels characterized by the expression of von Willebrand Factor (r = 0.57, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Results of this study indicate a similar biological role of HIF-1α in dogs and in humans, which may confirm suitability of the animal model in investigations on progression of tumours in humans.
ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, reduces FBS-induced structural alteration in organ-cultured mesenteric artery
Authors: Huh Yang Hoon , Kweon Hee-Seok , Kitazawa Toshio 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Chronic treatment with fetal bovine serum (FBS) causes gradual vasoconstriction, vascular wall thickening, and contractility reduction in organ-cultured vascular tissues. We have previously demonstrated that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors prevent the functional alterations of small arteries in response to the FBS treatment. Here, we tested a further hypothesis that the chronic inhibition of ROCK has a protective effect on FBS-induced structural alterations.

Methods
To verify the new hypothesis, the rabbit mesenteric arterial rings were cultured in FBS-supplemented culture medium with or without Y-27632, a reversible ROCK inhibitor and then western blot, immunohistochemistry, apoptosis assay, and electron microscopy were performed using organ-cultured arterial rings.

Results
Chronic treatment with Y-27632 maintained the arterial diameter by preventing FBS-induced gradual arterial constriction during organ culture. Y-27632 also reduced the apoptosis and the loss of contractile myosin and actin filaments of smooth muscle cells. In addition, Y-27632 protected the morphological integrity between the endothelial cell layer and smooth muscle cell layer by preventing endothelial cell detachment and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) expression decrement.

Conclusions
Chronic ROCK inhibition provides protective effects against FBS-stimulated structural in addition to functional alterations of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. These results strongly suggest that the RhoA/ROCK signaling is crucial for maintaining the structural and functional phenotypes of vasculature, and hence, chronic ROCK inhibition may provide protective effects on excessive growth factor-related vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Floating layer formation, foaming, and microbial community structure change in full-scale biogas plant due to disruption of mixing and substrate overloading
Authors: Lienen Tobias , Kleyböcker Anne , Brehmer Manuel , Kraume Matthias , Moeller Lucie , Görsch Kati , Würdemann Hilke 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The use of biogas as renewable resource of energy is of growing interest. To increase the efficiency and sustainability of anaerobic biogas reactors, process failures such as overacidification, foaming, and floating layers need to be investigated to develop sufficient countermeasures and early warning systems to prevent failure.

Methods
Chemical, rheological, and molecular biological analyses were conducted to investigate a stirring disruption in a full-scale biogas plant.

Results
After the agitation system was disturbed, foaming and floating layer formation appeared in a full-scale biogas plant fed with liquid manure and biogenic waste. Rheological characterizations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) revealed a breakdown of the circulation within the reactor and a large stagnation zone in the upper reactor volume. Molecular biological analyses of the microbial community composition in the floating layer showed no differences to the digestate. However, the microbial community in the digestates changed significantly due to the stirring disturbances. Foam formation turned out to be a consequence of overloading due to excessive substrate supply and disturbed mixing. The subsequent increase in concentration of both acetic and propionic acids was accompanied by foaming.

Conclusions
Effective mixing in full-scale biogas plants is crucial to avoid foaming and floating layers and to enhance sustainability. Disturbed mixing leads to process imbalances and significant changes in the microbial community structure. Additionally, controlled feeding might help prevent foam formation due to overloading.
Detection and control of Ganoderma boninense: strategies and perspectives
Authors: Hushiarian Roozbeh , Yusof Nor Azah , Dutse Sabo Wada 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe oil palm, an economically important tree, has been one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a significant precursor of biodiesel fuel. Unfortunately, it now faces the threat of a devastating disease. Many researchers have identifiedGanoderma boninenseas the major pathogen that affects the oil palm tree and eventually kills it. But identification of the pathogen is just the first step. No single method has yet been able to halt the continuing spread of the disease. This paper discusses the modes of infection and transmission ofGanoderma boninenseand suggests techniques for its early detection. Additionally, the paper proposes some possible ways of controlling the disease. Such measures, if implemented, could contribute significantly to the sustainability of the palm oil industry in South East Asia.