bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flowering, pollen production and insect visitation in two Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Antoń Sebastian , Denisow Bożena , Milaniuk Karol 
Published: July 2014

Flowering phenology, diurnal dynamics of blooming, insect visitation and pollen production in <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>L. and <em>Aconitum carmichaelii </em>Debeaux were investigated in 2012–2013 in the Lublin area, SE Poland. Flowering of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>occurred in June/July, whereas <em>A. carmichaelii </em>bloomed in September/October. Both <em>Aconitum </em>species differed in terms of the diurnal pattern of flowering. The flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>started opening at 5.00, whereas those of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>started blooming at 8.00 (GMT+2h). The species differed in the number of anthers per flower, the size of anthers, and the mass of pollen produced in anthers. As a result, the flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>produced less pollen (mean = 1.0 mg per 10 flowers) than the flowers of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>(mean = 8.2 mg per 10 flowers). The estimated pollen yield was 0.2 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. lycoctonum </em>and 1.6 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. carmichaelii</em>. The flowers of both <em>Aconitum </em>species were foraged exclusively by bumblebees with the predominance of the long-tongued <em>Bombus hortorum</em>. Nectar was a more attractive floral reward than pollen. The propagation of <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>and <em>A. carmichaelii</em> in ornamental gardens may support the conservation of bumblebees whose populations are steadily declining.
De Rankin Inlet à Raglan, le développement minier et les communautés inuit
Authors: Rodon Thierry , Lévesque Francis , Blais Jonathan 
Published: July 2014

Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si les communautés inuit canadiennes sont mieux outillées qu’elles ne l’étaient il y a un demi-siècle pour bénéficier du développement minier qui survient sur leur territoire. Après un bilan des relations qu’ont entretenues les Inuit avec l’industrie minière dans l’Inuit Nunangat entre 1957 et le début des années 2000, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée dans les communautés de Salluit et Kangiqsujuaq au Nunavik en automne 2012 au sujet des impacts sociaux de la mine Raglan. Cette discussion nous permet de souligner qu’il reste beaucoup de travail à faire pour mieux comprendre les effets du développement minier sur les communautés inuit.
¿Coinciden las expectativas escolares de la familia y del profesorado acerca del alumnado de origen inmigrante?
Authors: Intxausti Nahia , Etxeberria Feli , Joaristi Luis 
Published: July 2014

Esta investigación pretende conocer las expectativas de futuro de	familias inmigrantes y profesorado sobre los estudiantes de Educación	Primaria en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. El proceso de	asentamiento de la primera generación de inmigrantes transnacionales en	la última década pone de manifiesto la necesidad de seguir de cerca los	procesos de incorporación de sus hijos/as en el nuevo país. Se han	estudiado las expectativas de 302 familias inmigrantes y del profesorado	tutor de sus hijos en referencia a logros académicos y profesionales,	aprendizaje de lenguas y desarrollo de las relaciones sociales del	alumnado. Se manifiesta que existe una relación directa entre las	expectativas de las familias y el profesorado en logros académicos	cuando se refiere a expectativas universitarias y de Educación	Secundaria. Simultáneamente, se da una relación positiva directa entre	las expectativas hacia el logro del euskera e inglés de familia y	profesorado, siendo mayores las de las familias en el caso del euskera,	y muy parecidas en el caso del inglés. Las expectativas respecto al	nivel profesional, hacia el logro en castellano y lengua de origen así	como hacia el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales no guardan una	relación directa
Preparation ofN‐Boc‐3‐Methylpyrrole via Anionic Rearrangement
Authors: Graeff Daniel P. , Sims Noah J. , Savage Quentin R. , Jackson Richard K. , Jackson Amy C. , Lawson Danielle M. , Wixom Madelyn R. , Wood John L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the procedure for the preparation of N‐Boc‐3‐methylpyrrole via Anionic Rearrangement. The pyrrole moiety is found in a wide range of chemical compounds including, but not limited to, natural products, therapeutics, polymers, and dyes. Moreover, these privileged heterocycles can participate in a number of useful carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions, thereby rendering them valuable synthetic intermediates. The chapter details the development of a two‐step synthesis of N‐Boc‐3‐ methylpyrrole. The synthesis proceeds through a Diels–Alder reaction between isoprene and the nitroso dienophile derived via oxidation with phenyliodine diacetate. The synthesis employs inexpensive and non‐toxic reagents and is anticipated to expand the use of this privileged heterocycle through broadened access.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched NH‐Sulfoximines by NH Transfer to Sulfoxides Using Ammonium Carbamate and (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene
Authors: Briggs Edward L. , Ma Tsz‐Kan , Zhong Zhenhao , Tota Arianna , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi* Renzo , Bull* James A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents the procedure for synthesis of enantioenriched NH‐sulfoximines by NH transfer to sulfoxides using ammonium carbamate and (diacetoxyiodo) benzene. Sulfoximines are emerging motifs in the life sciences and have shown application in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries, ligands and catalysts. Their Lewis basic character has also made them interesting directing groups for C‐H functionalization. In 2016, the authors reported an operationally simple, metal‐free protocol for the preparation of NH‐sulfoximines from sulfoxides, using ammonium carbamate as a convenient source of ammonia and (diacetoxyiodo) benzene as the oxidant. They (and others) later reported the synthesis of NH‐sulfoximines directly from sulfides under similar conditions, as well as the synthesis of sulfonimidamides. Overall, the authors expect this metal‐free protocol from enantioenriched sulfoxides to be broad applicable, with the demonstrated compound presenting an attractive building block for further derivatization.
911 calls in death investigations: Indicators of veracity and deception
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel E. , Forbes Alijah A. , Huffman Michelle C. , Porter Kathryn , Miller Michelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study examined verbal cues of veracity and deception in 911 calls reporting homicides or suicides of another person. Specifically, the current study compared differences in the presence/absence and number of potential verbal indicators between a sample of deceptive callers who concealed their role in causing the person's death and truthful callers who did not cause the person's death. Results demonstrate consistency with previously proposed indicators of veracity and deception in 911 calls. More precisely, a greater number of self‐handicapping statements and descriptions of physical sensations were made by deceptive individuals, whereas truthtellers were more likely to spontaneously self‐correct inaccurate statements. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.
Kinetics‐Matched Electrode Design for Zn‐Metal Free Zinc Ion Batteries with High Energy Density and Stabilities
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Zhang Chengqian , Cui Shouhang , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Ke , Zhang Yihe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe metal‐free rocking chair type Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) provide a promising approach toward the promotion of the Zn‐based batteries by circumventing the challenges including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and surface corrosion. In order to sufficiently exploit the available capacity of this metal‐free batteries, it is necessary to effectively enhance the sluggish reaction kinetics of divalent zinc ions. Equally important is to achieve a balance in the kinetics between cathode and anode. Here, hetero‐valent doping and oxygen vacancy engineering are employed to effectively enhance the reaction dynamics of V2O5 cathodes and MoO3 anodes. Moreover, to the best of the knowledge, for the first time, the strategy of kinetics matching between the two electrodes is applied to the construction of rocking‐chair zinc ion batteries, enabling the cathode and anode to share similar zinc ion migration rates, and achieving a high energy density of up to 58.7 Wh kg−1 (based on the total electrode mass) as well as excellent cycling stability (90% after 500 cycles). This work demonstrates the importance of kinetics matching in zinc‐ion full‐cell performance and pave a benefitable avenue to for the pursuit of advanced multi‐valent metal‐ion batteries.
1D Ultrathin Peptoid Nanobelts‐Based Organic‐Inorganic Nanocomposite for Photo‐Controllable Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Wu Pengchao , Sui Pengliang , Xu Zejiang , Zhu Lingrong , Jia Yanyan , Dai Sheng , Jin Haibao , Lin Shaoliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of 1D stimuli‐responsive ultrathin organic nanomaterials (UTONMs)‐based hybrid nanocomposites with tailored functions is necessitated to construct hybrid catalysts with adjustable catalytic performance. Herein, the self‐assembly of ternary amphiphilic alternating azopeptoids into micron‐scaled ultrathin peptoid nanobelts (PNBs) is reported with a thickness of ≈2.2 nm. The pendants hydrophobic conjugate stacking mechanism is accountable for the formation of 1D long‐ranged‐ordered nanostructure, whose thickness is highly dependent on the length of the suspended side‐chains. The photo‐triggered reversible transition from PNBs to nanospheres (≈92 nm) is rendered by the photo‐isomerization of azobenzene moiety upon alternating irradiation with UV and visible lights. Moreover, the carboxyl‐modified aggregates are employed as supports to load Pd nanoparticles, successfully preparing hybrid nanocomposites. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, the catalytic activity of both control and these hybrid nanocomposites are evaluated toward chemo‐enzymatic cascade catalysis for 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine oxidation with in situ UV–vis spectroscopic monitor. Compared to nanospheres‐based systems, PNBs‐based nanocomposites exhibited larger catalytic performance, attributable to the ultrathin nanostructures and subsequent ultrahigh specific surface area. The photo‐controllable recyclable catalytic activity is effectively modulated using the alternative irradiation with UV and visible lights for three cycles. The work paves an appealing avenue to prepare UTONMs‐based stimuli‐responsive hybrid nanocomposites with controllable performance.
Oral Piwi‐Interacting RNA Delivery Mediated by Green Tea‐Derived Exosome‐Like Nanovesicles for the Treatment of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Liu Yan , Qi Hongzhao , Zong Jinbao , Li Min , Yang Yanyan , Li Xiaolu , Li Tianxiang , Cho Jae Youl , Yu Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAortic dissection (AD) is a severe cardiovascular disease necessitating active therapeutic strategies for early intervention and prevention. Nucleic acid drugs, known for their potent molecule‐targeting therapeutic properties, offer potential for genetic suppression of AD. Piwi‐interacting RNAs, a class of small RNAs, hold promise for managing cardiovascular diseases. Limited research on these RNAs and AD exists. This study demonstrates that an antagomir targeting heart‐apoptosis‐associated piRNA (HAAPIR) effectively regulates vascular remodeling, mitigating AD occurrence and progression through the myocyte enhancer factor 2D (Mef2D) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) pathways. Green tea‐derived plant exosome‐like nanovesicles (PELNs) are used for oral administration of antagomir. The antagomir‐HAAPIR‐nanovesicle complex, after purification and optimization, exhibits a high packing rate, while the antagomir is resistant to enzyme digestion. Administered to mice, the complex targets the aortic lesion, reducing AD incidence and improving survival. Moreover, MMP9 and Mef2D expression decrease significantly, inhibiting the phenotypic conversion of human aortic smooth muscle cells. PELNs encapsulate the antagomir‐HAAPIR complex, maintaining stability, mediating transport into the bloodstream, and delivering Piwi‐interacting RNAs to AD sites. Thus, HAAPIR is a potential target for persistent clinical AD prevention and treatment, and nanovesicle‐encapsulated nucleic acids offer a promising cardiovascular disease treatment, providing insights for other therapeutic targets.
Potential of an Amphiphilic Artificial Corneal Endothelial Layer as a Replacement Option for Damaged Corneal Endothelium
Authors: Fang Yifan , Li Junyang , Yang Kunkun , Li Zhao , Chen Xiaoke , Long Yi , Huang Yifei , Du Yanan , Wang Liqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBullous keratopathy, a condition severely impacting vision and potentially leading to corneal blindness, necessitates corneal transplantation. However, the shortage of donor corneas and complex surgical procedures drive the exploration of tissue‐engineered corneal endothelial layers. This study develops a transparent, amphiphilic, and cell‐free membrane for corneal endothelial replacement. The membrane, securely attached to the posterior surface of the cornea, is created by mixing hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA) in a 10:1 ratio. A 50 µL volume is used to obtain a 60 µm hydrophobic membrane on both sides, with one side treated with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution. The resulting membrane is transparent, foldable, biocompatible, amphiphilic, and easily handled. When exposed to 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the hydrophilic side of the membrane adheres tightly to the corneal Descemet's membrane, preventing water absorption into the corneal stroma, and thus treating bullous keratopathy. Histological test confirms its effectiveness, showing normal corneal structure and low inflammation when implanted in rabbits for up to 100 d. This study showcases the potential of this membrane as a viable option for corneal endothelial replacement, offering a novel approach to address donor tissue scarcity in corneal transplantation.
Aided Porous Medium Emulsification for Functional Hydrogel Microparticles Synthesis
Authors: Khairallah Tina , Khoury Luai R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the substantial advancement in developing various hydrogel microparticle (HMP) synthesis methods, emulsification through porous medium to synthesize functional hybrid protein–polymer HMPs has yet to be addressed. Here, the aided porous medium emulsification for hydrogel microparticle synthesis (APME‐HMS) system, an innovative approach drawing inspiration from porous medium emulsification is introduced. This method capitalizes on emulsifying immiscible phases within a 3D porous structure for optimal HMP production. Using the APME‐HMS system, synthesized responsive bovine serum albumin (BSA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) HMPs of various sizes are successfully synthesized. Preserving protein structural integrity and functionality enable the formation of cytochrome c (cyt c) – PEGDA HMPs for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection at various concentrations. The flexibility of the APME‐HMS system is demonstrated by its ability to efficiently synthesize HMPs using low volumes (≈50 µL) and concentrations (100 µm) of proteins within minutes while preserving proteins’ structural and functional properties. Additionally, the capability of the APME‐HMS method to produce a diverse array of HMP types enriches the palette of HMP fabrication techniques, presenting it as a cost‐effective, biocompatible, and scalable alternative for various biomedical applications, such as controlled drug delivery, 3D printing bio‐inks, biosensing devices, with potential implications even in culinary applications.
Association between longest‐held occupation and mortality risk
Authors: Asfaw Abay , Bhattacharya Anasua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOccupation is associated with a large part of daily activities, affecting lifestyle and social status. However, limited research exists on the association between longest‐held occupation (LHO) and early mortality. We examine if LHO is associated with mortality risk among US adults 51 years of age and older.MethodsUsing Health and Retirement Study data from 1992 to 2020, we followed 26,758 respondents 51 years of age and older for up to 29 years. We used competing‐risks analysis methodology to estimate the risk of mortality.ResultsAcross the average 20.5 follow‐up years, women with LHO in the categories of machine operators (subhazard ratio [SHR]: 1.42), food preparation (SHR: 1.39), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.35), and sales (SHR: 1.15), were more likely to die earlier than women with the LHO in the professional and technical support occupation, the reference occupation. Men with LHO in the categories of food preparation (SHR: 1.43), machine operators (SHR: 1.36), personal services (SHR: 1.34), handlers and helpers (SHR: 1.32), protective services (SHR: 1.31), clerical (SHR: 1.27), farming and fishing (SHR: 1.26), sales (SHR: 1.23), and precision production (SHR: 1.20) had elevated risks of mortality compared to men whose LHO was in the referent professional and technical support occupation.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide comprehensive and current evidence that occupation can be one of the risk factors for adverse health outcomes and ultimately for early mortality.
Aromative Dephosphinidenation of a Bisphosphirane‐Fused Anthracene toward E−H (E=H, Si, N and P) Bond Activation
Authors: Luo Qing , Liu Tingting , Huang Linlin , Yang Cheng , Lu Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA bisphosphirane‐fused anthracene (5) was prepared by treatment of a sterically encumbered amino phosphorus dichloride (3) with MgA ⋅ THF3 (A=anthracene). X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed a pentacyclic framework consisting of 5 with two phosphirane rings fused to the anthracene in a trans‐fashion. Compound 5 has been shown to be an efficient phosphinidene synthon, readily liberating two transient phosphinidene units for subsequent downstream bond activation via the reductive elimination of anthracene under mild conditions. The formal oxidative addition of H2 and E−H (E=Si, N, P) bonds by the liberated phosphinidene provided diphosphine and substituted phosphines. Furthermore, phosphinidene transfer to alkenes and alkynes smoothly yielded the corresponding phosphiranes and phosphirenes. The mechanism of the H2 activation by 5 was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Cationic Foldamer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Cages
Authors: Fang Siqiang , Bao Zhaowei , Liu Zanjiao , Wu Zhengdong , Tan Jian‐Ping , Wei Xin , Li Bo , Wang Tianli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe stereochemistry of shape‐persistent molecular cages, particularly those resembling prisms, exerts significant influence on their application‐specific functionalities. Although methods exist for fabricating inherently chiral prism‐like cages, strategies for catalytic asymmetric synthesis of these structures in a diversity‐oriented fashion remain unexplored. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented organocatalytic desymmetrization approach for the generation of inherently chiral prism‐like cages via phosphonium‐containing foldamer‐catalyzed SNAr reactions. This methodology establishes a topological connection, enabling the facile assembly of a wide range of versatile stereogenic‐at‐cage building blocks possessing two highly modifiable groups. Furthermore, subsequent stereospecific transformations of the remaining chlorides and/or ethers afford convenient access to numerous functionally relevant chiral‐at‐cage molecules.
Boosting Organic Solar Cells to Over 18 % Efficiency through Dipole‐Dipole Interactions in Fluorinated Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zheng Xinming , Jiang Xiaolin , Liu Wenlong , Cao Chanyin , Wei Nan , Wei Zhengdong , Zhang Lei , Wu Hongbo , Zhang Andong , Li Cuihong , Liu Yahui , Lu Hao , Xu Xinjun , Tang Zheng , Bo Zhishan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study successfully designed and synthesized two nonfused ring electron acceptors, 412‐6F and 412‐6Cl, modified with fluorine and chlorine substituents, respectively. Single‐crystal analysis revealed that 412‐6F possesses a planar molecular backbone and exhibits pronounced dipole‐dipole interactions between the fluorine atoms on the lateral phenyl groups and the carbonyl oxygen atoms on the end groups. This specific interaction promotes dense end‐group stacking, leading to a reduced interlayer spacing. Improved crystallinity and coherence length are observed in the D18 : 412‐6F blend film. Conversely, 412‐6Cl adopts a more distorted configuration and lacks these interactions. As a result, the organic solar cell (OSC) based on D18 : 412‐6F achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 18.03 %, surpassing the performance of the D18 : 412‐6Cl OSC. This underscores the importance of designing novel acceptors with beneficial intermolecular interactions to enhance OSC efficiency, thus providing a new direction for organic photovoltaic advancement.
Resonance‐Assisted Self‐Doping in Robust Open‐Shell Ladder‐Type Oligoaniline Analogues
Authors: Leng Mingwan , Alturaifi Turki M. , Pearce Josiah , Lin Hengyu , Yu Guanghua , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Liu Peng , Fang Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA novel resonance‐assisted self‐doping mechanism has been demonstrated in ladder‐type oligoaniline‐derived organic conductors. The new class of compounds has a unique structure incorporating acidic phenolic hydroxyl groups into the ladder‐type cyclohexadiene‐1,4‐diimine core, enabling efficient resonance‐assisted proton transfer and electronic doping without the need for external dopants. Mechanistic and computational studies confirm the open‐shell, zwitterionic nature of the self‐doped state and the significant role played by the dielectric environment. This new self‐doping mechanism allows for higher stability and durability in the material‘s electronic performance. The self‐doped form retains durability under harsh conditions and maintains its properties over extended periods of time.
Empathy in autistic children: Emotional overarousal in response to others' physical pain
Authors: Li Tianbi , Decety Jean , Hua Zihui , Li Guoxiang , Yi Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDifferent empathic responses are often reported in autism but remain controversial. To investigate which component of empathy is most affected by autism, we examined the affective, cognitive, and motivational components of empathy in 25 5‐ to 8‐year‐old autistic and 27 neurotypical children. Participants were presented with visual stimuli depicting people's limbs in painful or nonpainful situations while their eye movements, pupillary responses, and verbal ratings of pain intensity and empathic concern were recorded. The results indicate an emotional overarousal and reduced empathic concern to others' pain in autism. Compared with neurotypical children, autistic children displayed larger pupil dilation accompanied by attentional avoidance to others' pain. Moreover, even though autistic children rated others in painful situations as painful, they felt less sorry than neurotypical children. Interestingly, autistic children felt more sorry in nonpainful situations compared with neurotypical children. These findings demonstrated an emotional overarousal in response to others' pain in autistic children, and provide important implications for clinical practice aiming to promote socio‐emotional understanding in autistic children.