bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconvolution‐based nonlinear filtering for incompressible flows at moderately large Reynolds numbers
Authors: Bertagna L. , Quaini A. , Veneziani A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe consider a Leray model with a deconvolution‐based indicator function for the simulation of incompressible fluid flow at moderately large Reynolds number (in the range of a few thousands) with under‐resolved meshes. For the implementation of the model, we adopt a three‐step algorithm called evolve–filter–relax that requires (i) the solution of a Navier–Stokes problem, (ii) the solution of a Stokes‐like problem to filter the Navier–Stokes velocity field, and (iii) a final relaxation step. We take advantage of a reformulation of the evolve–filter–relax algorithm as an operator‐splitting method to analyze the impact of the filter on the final solution versus a direct simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations.In addition, we provide some direction for tuning the parameters involved in the model based on physical and numerical arguments. Our approach is validated against experimental data for fluid flow in an idealized medical device (consisting of a conical convergent, a narrow throat, and a sudden expansion, as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Numerical results are in good quantitative agreement with the measured axial components of the velocity and pressures for two different flow rates corresponding to turbulent regimes, even for meshes with a mesh size more than 40 times larger than the smallest turbulent scale. After several numerical experiments, we perform a preliminary sensitivity analysis of the computed solution to the parameters involved in the model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of a biologic scaffold and hydrogel derived from colonic mucosa
Authors: Keane Timothy J. , Dziki Jenna , Castelton Arthur , Faulk Denver M. , Messerschmidt Victoria , Londono Ricardo , Reing Janet E. , Velankar Sachin S. , Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal pathologies, injuries, and defects affect millions of individuals each year. While there are diverse treatment options for these individuals, no ideal solution exists. The repair or replacement of gastrointestinal tissue, therefore, represents a large unmet clinical need. Biomaterials derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have been effectively used to repair or replace numerous tissues throughout the body in both preclinical and clinical studies. Such scaffolds are prepared from decellularized tissues, and the biochemical, structural, and biologic properties vary depending upon the source tissue from which the ECM is derived. Given the potential benefit of a site‐specific ECM scaffold for some applications, the objective of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro and in vivo cell response to ECM derived from porcine colon. Results of this study show that porcine colon can be effectively decellularized while retaining biochemical and structural constituents of the source tissue. Two forms of colonic ECM, scaffold and hydrogel, were shown to be cell friendly and facilitate the polarization of macrophages toward an M2 phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 291–306, 2017.
Improvement of L‐lactic acid production with a two‐step OUR control strategy
Authors: Tian Xiwei , Wang Yonghong , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping , Zhang Siliang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxygen metabolism plays an important role in cell growth, metabolism and survival of microorganism. This report describes the effects of different oxygen metabolism levels on L‐lactic acid production by Lactobacillus paracasei, and then a new oxygen uptake rate (OUR) strategy is proposed based on integrated process physiological and metabolic analyses.RESULTSPhysiological parameter, OUR, was introduced to quantitatively characterize oxygen metabolism in a microaerobic bioprocess for the first time, and 0.14 mmol L−1 h−1 was adopted as control to simulate industrial lactic acid production. During the growth phase, moderate to high OUR (0.43 mmol L−1 h−1) could promote cell growth, glucose consumption and L‐lactic acid production with little decrease in yield. However, when cells entered the stationary phase, significant glycolysis inhibition and pyruvate metabolism shift from lactic acid to acetoin occurred with 0.43 and 0.85 mmol L−1 h−1, both of which led to further L‐lactic acid production limitation. Through a new two‐step OUR control strategy with 0.43 mmol L−1 h−1 during the growth phase and 0.14 mmol L−1 h−1 during the stationary phase, productivity was enhanced 12.7% and the same yield was achieved as in the control.CONCLUSIONSOUR was identified to be a feasible process control parameter for microaerobic lactic acid production, and the OUR control strategy efficiently improved L‐lactic acid production. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Port wine stain treated with a combination of pulsed dye laser and topical rapamycin ointment
Authors: Griffin Thomas D. , Foshee James P. , Finney Robert , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectiveA port wine stain (PWS) is a type of capillary vascular malformation composed of malformed, dilated blood vessels within the papillary and reticular dermis. Currently, pulsed dye laser (PDL) is considered the therapeutic gold standard, although greater than 90% of lesions may be refractory to treatment. Studies have shown that a delay in treatment results in a higher proportion of patients who develop hypertrophy and nodularity within lesions that become more resistant to therapy. Therapeutic resistance is multifactorial, but is believed to be largely due to revascularization after laser treatment. Oral sirolimus and topical imiquimod have shown promise as adjunctive therapies to minimize post‐laser revascularization, but both have significant side effects. We wish to demonstrate the utility of adjunct topical sirolimus to reduce revascularization after PDL treatment.Study Design/Patients and MethodsThis is a single patient case report of a 56‐year‐old male patient with an extensive PWS. After seeing initial improvement with PDL alone, he began to experience thickening and nodularity of his PWS necessitating surgical debulking. Since this procedure, topical sirolimus 0.5% ointment has been added to his treatment regimen as an adjunct to PDL. The patient is being treated with PDL (Vbeam Perfecta, Candela/Syneron, Wayland, MA) every 4–6 weeks at varied settings with the following laser parameters: fluence 9–11 J/cm2, pulse duration 0.45–1.5 ms, focal spot size 7 mm, cooling 30/20. Sirolimus 0.5% ointment is applied to the area twice daily.ResultsThe patient showed significant improvement in color and texture of his PWS. Compared to the initial therapy of PDL alone, topical sirolimus ointment in conjunction with PDL demonstrated greater improvement and maintenance of therapeutic results with fewer overall laser treatments.ConclusionTopical sirolimus 0.5% ointment is a safe and effective adjunct to PDL in the treatment of PWS. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:193–196, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vascularized proximal fibula epiphyseal transfer for distal radius reconstruction in children: A systematic review
Authors: Aldekhayel Salah , Govshievich Alexander , Neel Omar Fouda , Luc Mario 
Published: October 2015

PurposeReconstruction of the distal radius in children is cumbersome, requiring simultaneous restoration of joint function and axial growth. Vascularized proximal fibular epiphyseal transfers (VFET) have been popularized over non‐vascularized transfers and prosthesis. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of VFET and its associated complications.MethodsElectronic database of PubMed MEDLINE was searched between 1970 and 2014. Studies reporting VFET for distal radius reconstruction in children (<15 years old) with clear reporting of technique (vascular pedicle) and objective outcome measures were included. Outcomes of interest were rate of graft growth, bone union and complications. A one‐way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare growth rates between pedicle types.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 25 patients. Pedicles used were anterior tibial (44%), peroneal (16%), or bi‐pedicled (40%) anastomosed in antegrade (64%) or reverse flow (36%) fashion. Among all pedicle types, best results were achieved using anterior tibial artery with reversed flow, yielding average growth rate of 0.83 cm/year (P = 0.01). Recipient complications included four premature epiphyseal plate closures, a flap loss, and six wrist radial deviations. Donor complications included six common peroneal nerve palsies (five temporary, a permanent), and a talocalcaneal instability. Overall complication rates between pedicle types were comparable (P = 0.062).ConclusionVFET may be a surgical option capable of restoring joint function and axial growth potential in select patients. The reverse flow technique based on the anterior tibial artery may result in superior outcomes. However, the overall complication rate is high and permanent peroneal nerve palsy may result.Level of EvidenceIV © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:705–711, 2016.
School‐based brief psycho‐educational intervention to raise adolescent cancer awareness and address barriers to medical help‐seeking about cancer: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hubbard Gill , Stoddart Iona , Forbat Liz , Neal Richard D. , O'Carroll Ronan E. , Haw Sally , Rauchhaus Petra , Kyle Richard G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesRaising cancer awareness and addressing barriers to help‐seeking may improve early diagnosis. The aim was to assess whether a psycho‐educational intervention increased adolescents' cancer awareness and addressed help‐seeking barriers.MethodsThis was a cluster randomised controlled trial involving 2173 adolescents in 20 schools. The intervention was a 50‐min presentation delivered by a member of Teenage Cancer Trust's (UK charity) education team. Schools were stratified by deprivation and roll size and randomly allocated to intervention/control conditions within these strata. Outcome measures were the number of cancer warning signs and cancer risk factors recognised, help‐seeking barriers endorsed and cancer communication. Communication self‐efficacy and intervention fidelity were also assessed.ResultsRegression models showed significant differences in the number of cancer warning signs and risk factors recognised between intervention and control groups. In intervention schools, the greatest increases in recognition of cancer warning signs at 6‐month follow‐up were for unexplained weight loss (from 44.2% to 62.0%) and change in the appearance of a mole (from 46.3% to 70.7%), up by 17.8% and 24.4%, respectively. Greatest increases in recognition of cancer risk factors were for getting sunburnt more than once as a child (from 41.0% to 57.6%) and being overweight (from 42.7% to 55.5%), up by 16.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Regression models showed that adolescents in intervention schools were 2.7 times more likely to discuss cancer at 2‐week follow‐up compared with the control group. No differences in endorsement of barriers to help‐seeking were observed.ConclusionsSchool‐based brief psycho‐educational interventions are easy to deliver, require little resource and improve cancer awareness. © 2015 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Surface second harmonic generation induced by 3D strain fields
Authors: Mendoza Bernardo S. , Cho Yujin , Shafiei Farbod , Downer Michael C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present a general phenomenological model for surface second‐harmonic generation (SSHG) induced by strain fields with up to three spatial coordinates. As an example, we apply it to thermal‐mismatch strain fields around cylindrical metallic through‐silicon‐vias (TSVs) embedded in an Si(001) surface, which are widely used as interconnects between vertically stacked silicon layers to achieve 3D integration. We find that analysis of the four different combinations of s or p incoming and outgoing polarizations enables reconstruction of the strain field. In particular, the sS combination yields tensorial components of the strain field that are different from zero; from this information, the pP, sP, and pS combinations complete the analysis of the strain field.
Fluidic flow control applied for improved performance of Darrieus wind turbines
Authors: Morgulis Nir , Seifert Avraham 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe focus of the present research is performance enhancement of a vertical axis Darrieus‐type wind turbine using flow control techniques. The academic and industrial interest in vertical‐axis wind turbines (VAWTs) is increasing because of its suitability to urban areas, characterized by high turbulence and low wind speeds. The paper describes experimental work performed on a GOE222 asymmetrical airfoil intended to be used in a straight‐bladed Darrieus VAWT. Airfoil characteristics were measured in a wide range of incidence angles and Reynolds numbers, relevant for the operation of a small to medium size wind turbine. A variety of passive flow control (passive porosity and surface roughness) and active flow control techniques (boundary layer suction, pulsed suction) were tested in order to evaluate their effects on the airfoil performance. The measured effects of flow control on the 2D airfoil are integrated into a modified version of a double‐multiple streamtube model in order to predict the effects on the performance and efficiency of the turbine. It was found that the improvement of 2D airfoil characteristics can be translated into improvement of total turbine performance. By the use of active flow control, it was possible to increase the VAWT maximum mechanical output. When active flow control is properly activated taking into account the azimuth and Reynolds number conditioning, the effects could be greatly increased while consuming less energy, increasing the net efficiency of the entire system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religiousness, spirituality, and coping with stress among late adolescents: A meaning‐making perspective
Authors: Krok Dariusz 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the associations between religiousness, spirituality (R/S), and coping among late adolescents within a meaning‐making perspective. Specifically, global meaning and situational meaning were examined as potential mediators. Two hundred and twenty one Polish participants (115 women and 106 men) completed the Religious Meaning System Questionnaire, the Self‐description Questionnaire of Spirituality, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and the Situational Meaning Scale. Results of SEM analysis showed that R/S had both direct and indirect effects on coping, suggesting that global meaning and situational meaning served as partial mediators among late adolescents. The mediating role of global meaning and situational meaning may be more fully understood within the framework of the meaning‐making model. Consistent with the model, individuals with higher levels of R/S had a propensity to experience stronger global meaning in life and situational meaning, which in turn contributed to more frequent using coping styles.
Client–pharmacy worker interactions regarding medical abortion in Zambia in 2009 and 2011
Authors: Hendrickson Cheryl , Fetters Tamara , Mupeta Stephen , Vwallika Bellington , Djemo Patrick , Raisanen Keris 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine sales practices, knowledge, and behavior of pharmacy workers regarding medical abortion in 2009 and 2011 in Zambia, where hostile and stigmatizing attitudes still result in high rates of unsafe abortion.MethodsFour mystery clients visited pharmacies during 2009 and 2011, and recorded their experiences following their interactions using a standardized form. Bivariate analysis examined pharmacy workers’ attitudes, behavior, and medical abortion‐dispensing practices.ResultsMystery clients visited 76 pharmacies in 2009 and 80 pharmacies in 2011. In 2011, mystery clients reported hostile interactions with pharmacy workers at 8 (10%) pharmacy visits, a relative decrease from 7 (22%) in 2009 (P = 0.0353). In 2009, less than half (35 [46%]) of clients received information or had the opportunity to purchase medical abortion drugs in comparison with 53 (66%) in 2011 (P = 0.0110). In 2011, more pharmacy workers mentioned a valid medical abortion drug in comparison with 2009 (42 [53%] vs 31 [41%], respectively); however, guidance for women on misoprostol use was minimal.ConclusionPharmacy workers exhibited increased awareness of misoprostol, less hostility, and a willingness to sell medical abortion drugs; however, they continued to provide inadequate information on misoprostol for medical abortion. Effective training of pharmacy employees is vital in increasing access to safe induced‐abortion care.
Postpartum adverse effects and sexual satisfaction following cesarean delivery in Beijing
Authors: Qian Ruiya , Chen Zhenghong , Tang Lirong , Zhang Weiyuan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate short‐ and long‐term postpartum complications of different delivery methods in terms of sexual satisfaction, stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and pelvic‐floor dysfunction in the Beijing region.MethodsA questionnaire‐based study was conducted between June 30, 2013 and July 1, 2014. Female residents of Beijing aged 20–65 years, who were attending routine physical examinations, were enrolled and completed a face‐to‐face survey including questions on short‐ and long‐term complications related to sexual satisfaction, SUI, and pelvic‐floor dysfunction postpartum.ResultsIn total, 2649 individuals were enrolled. In comparison with patients that underwent vaginal delivery, patients that had undergone cesarean delivery experienced a greater length of time before resuming intercourse (2.70 ± 2.09 months vs 4.32 ± 4.10 months; P < 0.001) and higher incidences of decreased libido (93 [6.1%] vs 234 [20.7%]; P < 0.001), vaginal dryness (39 [2.6%] vs 177 [15.7%]; P < 0.001), sexual dissatisfaction (117 [7.7%] vs 234 [20.7%]; P < 0.001), and painful intercourse (48 [3.2%] vs 252 [22.3%]; P < 0.001) after delivery. Cesarean delivery did not demonstrate any long‐term protective effects against future SUI in comparison with vaginal delivery.ConclusionCesarean delivery resulted in a greater incidence of adverse effects on postpartum sexual function and cesarean delivery provides no long‐term protective effects against postpartum SUI.
Atrial fibrillation, cognitive impairment, and neuroimaging
Authors: Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Madhavan Malini , Vemuri Prashanthi , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Cha Ruth H. , Mielke Michelle M. , Kantarci Kejal , Lowe Val , Senjem Matthew L. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Roberts Rosebud O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of our study was to investigate cross‐sectional associations of atrial fibrillation with neuroimaging measures of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease and their interactions with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging scans of individuals from a population‐based study were analyzed for infarctions, total gray matter, and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes. A subsample underwent positron emission tomography imaging.ResultsAtrial fibrillation was associated with infarctions and lower total gray matter volume. Compared with subjects with no atrial fibrillation and no infarction, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for MCI was 2.99 (1.57–5.70; P = .001) among participants with atrial fibrillation and infarction, 0.90 (0.45–1.80; P = .77) for atrial fibrillation and no infarction, and 1.50 (0.96–2.34; P = .08) for no atrial fibrillation and any infarction.DiscussionParticipants with both atrial fibrillation and infarction are more likely to have MCI than participants with either infarction or atrial fibrillation alone.
Olfactory dysfunction and its measurement in the clinic
Authors: Doty Richard L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe sense of smell is largely taken for granted by laypersons and medical professionals alike. Indeed, its role in determining the flavor of foods and beverages, as well as in warning of, or protecting against, environmental hazards, often goes unrecognized. This is exemplified, in part, by the fact that most patients presenting to medical clinics with “taste” problems are typically subjected to complex brain imaging and gastroenterological tests without the sense of smell even being tested or considered as a basis of the problem. Aside from frank deficiencies in sweet, sour, bitter, salty and savory (umami) sensations, “taste” disorders most commonly reflect inadequate stimulation of the olfactory receptors via the retronasal route; i.e., from volatiles passing to the receptors from the oral cavity through the nasal pharynx. This article describes the two most common procedures for measuring the sense of smell in the clinic and provides examples of the application of these tests to diseases and other disorders frequently associated with smell loss. Basic issues related to olfactory testing and evaluation are addressed. It is pointed out that smell loss, particularly in later life, can be a harbinger for not only a range of neurodegenerative diseases, but can be a prognostic indicator of early mortality.
The effectiveness of dopamine agonists for treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms post brain injury and stroke
Authors: Sami Musa Basseer , Faruqui Rafey 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury and stroke are among the leading causes of neurological disability worldwide. Although dopaminergic agents have long been associated with improvement of neuropsychiatric outcomes, to date much of the evidence to date has been in case reports and case series or open label trials.MethodsWe undertook a systematic review of double-blinded randomised controlled trials (RCT) to determine the effect of dopaminergic agents on pre-defined outcomes of (a) apathy; (b) psychomotor retardation; (c) behavioural management and (d) cognitive function. Databases searched were: Medline, EMBASE, and PsychInfo for human studies. The Cochrane Clinical Trials Database and the TRIP Medical database were also searched. All identified studies, were further hand-searched.ResultsWe identified six studies providing data on 227 participants, 150 of whom received dopaminergic therapy. Trials were compromised by cross-over design, inadequate wash out period, small numbers and heterogeneous outcome measures. However one good quality RCT demonstrates the efficacy of amantadine in behavioural management. One further RCT shows methylphenidate-levodopa is efficacious for mood post-stroke. One study shows rotigotine to improve hemi-inattention caused by prefrontal damage.ConclusionOur systematic review demonstrates an evolving evidence base to suggest some benefits in agitation and aggression, mood and attentional deficits. However, there are key limitations of the studies undertaken to date involving small numbers of participants, heterogeneous outcome measures, and variable study designs. There is a need for on-going large prospective double-blind RCTs in these medications using standardised criteria and outcomes to fully understand their effectiveness in this patient group.