bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Energy Loss Index and Valvuloarterial Impedance in Patients with Aortic Stenosis Using Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Saitoh Takeji , Tanaka Jun , Furugen Azusa , Harada Kenji , Izumo Masaki , Fukuoka Yoko , Shiota Takahiro 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundEnergy loss index (ELI) and valvuloarterial impedance (Zva) have been evaluated with a lack of three‐dimensional (3D) information regarding the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and sino‐tubular junction (STJ). Our aim of this study is to compare the difference of ELI and Zva between two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D echocardiography.MethodsIn 74 patients with moderate‐to‐severe aortic stenosis, the effective orifice area index (EOAI: EOA/body surface area) was calculated by continuity equation based on both 2D transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) and 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE). The areas of the LVOT and the STJ were calculated with the assumption of π × (dimension/2)2 by 2DTTE and were measured directly by 3DTEE. Severe AS was defined as EOAI or ELI <0.6 cm2/m2 or Zva ≥ 4.5 mmHg/mL per m2.ResultsBoth the LVOT and STJ were elliptical, and LVOT was more elliptical than STJ. The ELI by 3DTEE (0.58 cm2/m2 [median]) was larger than the other 3 values: EOAI on 2DTTE = 0.41, P < 0.01; EOAI on 3DTEE = 0.49, P < 0.01; and ELI on 2DTTE = 0.49, P < 0.01. Furthermore, Zva by 2DTTE, 4.7 mmHg/mL per m2, was larger than that by 3DTEE (3.8, P < 0.01).Conclusions2DTTE underestimated EOAI and ELI relative to 3DTEE and overestimated Zva relative to 3DTEE.
Increased numbers of bone marrow‐derived cells in parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Grabmaier Ulrich , Brandl Lydia , Kreiner Julia , Negele Thomas , Huber Bruno C. , Rimmbach Christian , David Robert , Brunner Stefan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the increased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) result in mobilisation of bone‐marrow‐derived cells (BMCs) into peripheral blood. However, the fate of these cells is still unknown.Materials and methodsIn this study, we sought to investigate cells with typical surface markers of BMCs within parathyroid adenomas (PA) of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We therefore investigated PA and normal parathyroid glands (NPG) of 15 patients with PHPT by immunohistochemistry and PCR.ResultsmRNA levels for CD31, CD34 and CD45 were significantly increased in PA compared to NPG. Immunohistochemical staining for CD31 and CD34 revealed a significantly higher vessel density in PA. Furthermore, scattered single cells expressing CD31, CD34 or CD45 were significantly augmented compared to normal parathyroid glands and directly correlated with vessel density. mRNA levels of SDF‐1 was increased whereas its major inhibitor dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) is decreased in PA, suggesting that the SDF‐1 axis plays a role in the migration of BMCs into PA.ConclusionThese data indicate a possible role of BMCs in the pathophysiology of PA of patients with PHPT.
Population structure of Spodoptera frugiperda maize and rice host forms in South America: are they host strains?
Authors: Juárez M.L. , Schöfl G. , Vera M.T. , Vilardi J.C. , Murúa M.G. , Willink E. , Hänniger S. , Heckel D.G. , Groot A.T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDetermining which factors contribute to the formation and maintenance of genetic divergence to evaluate their relative importance as a cause of biological differentiation is among the major challenges in evolutionary biology. In Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) two host strains have been recognized in the 1980s: the corn‐strain prefers maize, sorghum, and cotton, whereas the rice‐strain prefers rice and wild grasses. However, it is not clear to what extent these so‐called ‘strains’, which have also been called ‘host races’ or even ‘sibling species’, are really associated with host plants. Due to the indeterminate evolutionary status, we will use the term ‘host forms’ (sensu Funk). Here, we characterized populations collected from maize, rice, and wild grasses from three countries in South America. Using two mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) markers and 10 polymorphisms in the triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi) gene, we found various patterns of host association. Two hundred twenty‐seven nuclear amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) markers revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations, which was generally correlated to the host from which the larvae were collected. Using a multivariate discriminant analysis and a Bayesian clustering approach, we found that individuals could be grouped into 2–5 genetically distinct clusters, depending on the method. Together, our results indicate that although host‐associated differentiation is present in this species, it does not account for all observable genetic variation and other factors must be maintaining genetic differentiation between these forms. Therefore, the term ‘host strains’ should be abandoned and ‘host forms’ should be used instead for S. frugiperda.
Mutualist‐mediated effects on species' range limits across large geographic scales
Authors: Afkhami Michelle E. , McIntyre Patrick J. , Strauss Sharon Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the processes determining species range limits is central to predicting species distributions under climate change. Projected future ranges are extrapolated from distribution models based on climate layers, and few models incorporate the effects of biotic interactions on species' distributions. Here, we show that a positive species interaction ameliorates abiotic stress, and has a profound effect on a species' range limits. Combining field surveys of 92 populations, 10 common garden experiments throughout the range, species distribution models and greenhouse experiments, we show that mutualistic fungal endophytes ameliorate drought stress and broaden the geographic range of their native grass host Bromus laevipes by thousands of square kilometres (~ 20% larger) into drier habitats. Range differentiation between fungal‐associated and fungal‐free grasses was comparable to species‐level range divergence of congeners, indicating large impacts on range limits. Positive biotic interactions may be underappreciated in determining species' ranges and species' responses to future climates across large geographic scales.
Autotomy and its Effects on Wolf Spider Foraging Success
Authors: Steffenson Matthew M. , Formanowicz Daniel R. , Brown Christopher A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFew studies have attempted to determine how physical injury affects predators. One of the ways that physical injury can be expressed is by autotomy or the voluntary loss of a body part. Here, we examined whether the loss of specific legs affects the foraging success of the wolf spider Rabidosa santrita (predator) on another species, Pardosa valens (prey). We also wanted to identify whether the loss of legs in both the predator and prey would impact the outcome of a predation event. Both predator and prey were collected from a creek bed at Portal, AZ, in 2012. Predators were randomly assigned groups where all prey items were intact or all prey had one randomly chosen leg IV removed. Within these groups, predators were organized into a control, leg I autotomy, or leg IV autotomy treatment. All predators had their pre‐ and post‐foraging running speed determined. Predators were introduced into chambers with five prey items and allowed to forage for 1 h. The leg position autotomized or the comparison of pre‐ and post‐foraging trials had no effect on predator running speed. Additionally, there was no significant effect of either predator or prey leg treatment on the total proportion of prey items captured by the end of the foraging trials. Survival analyses indicated that intact prey items tended to have a higher survival rate when predators were missing a leg IV than when predators were intact. When both the predator and prey were missing legs, no significant difference in prey survival rates was detected. We suggest that for predators that inhabit complex, heterogeneous habitats and are classified as ambush predators, the loss of a limb may affect prey capture success, especially when the prey is intact, but that increased sample size is necessary to determine whether this trend is significant.
Current status of robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy
Authors: Komninos Christos , Tuliao Patrick , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRobotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy is increasingly carried out in an attempt to improve the cosmetic outcome of minimally‐invasive procedures. However, the actual role of this novel technique remains to be determined. The present article reviews evidence and examines updates of robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy outcomes reported in more contemporary studies. A comprehensive online systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses criteria recommendations was carried out in January 2014, identifying data from 2008 to 2014 regarding robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy. The majority of medical evidence to date is based on case reports or retrospective studies. Current studies show that robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy is a feasible procedure carried out in an acceptable length of operative time, and resulting in a desirable cosmetic outcome and less postoperative pain. However, comparable studies show that robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy is inferior to the conventional approach, especially with regard to warm ischemia time. Furthermore, the numerous limitations that exist with the utilization of the current commercial single‐site devices make robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site PN more challenging and more complicated for surgeons compared with conventional procedures. Further significant improvements, along with more studies, are required in order to develop the ideal robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site robotic platform and overcome the current limitations. For the time being, robotic laparoendoscopic single‐site partial nephrectomy procedures could be applicable in patients with low tumor size and complexity, and should not be routinely applied in all cases.
Clinicohistopathologic Comparison of Adult Type and Juvenile Type Xanthogranulomas in Korea
Authors: Chang Sung‐Eun , Cho Soyun , Choi Jung‐Chul , Choi Jee‐Ho , Sung Kyung‐Jeh , Moon Kee‐Chan , Koh Jai‐Kyoung 
Published: July 2014

AbstractXanthogranuloma (XG) is an uncommon benign disorder characterized by solitary or multiple yellow‐red papulonodules on the skin, and occasionally, in other organs. It is predominantly a disease of infancy or early childhood, although adults may rarely be affected. To compare the clinicohistopathological featues of juvenile‐type xanthogranulomas (JXGs) and adult‐type xanthogranulomas (AXGs) (>14 years) in Korea, 30 cases of JXGs and 15 cases of AXGs were compared clinically and histopathologically. Except for the fact AXGs were more often solitary and larger and showed neither other associated systemic diseases nor spontaneous regression, the clinical features such as color, mean number, or site of the lesions in AXGs were not statistically different from JXGs. Histologically, AXCs were not significantly different in amounts of foamy cells, giant cells including Touton cells, and inflammatory cells, although subcutaneous involvement was seen only in the two infant cases. In conclusion, in contrast to AXGs, JXGs need special attention to accompanying systemic diseases and do not need excisional procedures, considering their frequent spontaneous regression.
Psychiatric Morbidity in Vitiligo and Psoriasis: A Comparative Study from India
Authors: Mattoo Surendra K. , Handa Sanjeev , Kaur Inderjeet , Gupta Nitin , Malhotra Rama 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn a tertiary‐care teaching hospital in India, dermatology outpatients with vitiligo (N=113) and psoriasis (N=103) were studied for psychiatric morbidity. The two groups were similar with regard to education, locality, religion, and attitude to appearance (ATT). Psoriasis cases were older, more often male, and more often married. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) assessed psychiatric morbidity rates at 33.63% and 24.7% for vitiligo and psoriasis, respectively. The ICD‐10 psychiatric diagnoses in GHQ positive cases were: adjustment disorder (56% vs 62%), depressive episode (22% vs 29%) and dysthymia (9% vs 4%) in vitiligo and psoriasis, respectively. The Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) assessed that depression, anxiety, and total psychopathology levels were similar in the two GHQ positive subgroups. Significant correlations were noted between psychopathology (GHQ, CRPS), dysfunction as per Dysfunction Analysis Questionnaire (DAQ), and behavior change as per Impact of Skin Disease Scale (IMPACT), and all were more prominent in vitiligo.
Surfactant Protein D (SP‐D) and Systemic Scleroderma (SSc)
Authors: Maeda Manabu , Ichiki Yoshiro , Aoyama Yumi , Kitajima Yasuo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe measured serum levels of SP‐D in collagen diseases (110 cases) such as systemic scleroderma (SSc), scleroderma spectrum disorders (SSD), systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), Sjögren syndrome (Sjs), dermatomyositis (DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and dermatitis (DE) (109 cases) as a control. Additionally, we performad a correlation analysis to determine how these levels were related to pulmonary fibrosis and function test (vital capacity, %DLco). The serum levels of SP‐D increased in SSc patients with Barnett type III more than in SSc patients with Barnett type I or II, while they increased slightly in SSD (incomplete type of SSc) patients. The differences in these figures were statistically significant between the SSc (SSc & SSD) and non‐SSc (SLE, DM, Sjs & RA) groups (p<0.005). The serum levels of SP‐D in SSc patients with anti‐topoisomerase I antibodies were statistically higher than those in SSc patients with other types of anti‐nuclear antibodies. There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and the serum levels of SP‐D, and a statistically negative correlation between SP‐D levels and vital capacity or %DLco, but there was no proportional correlation with the forced expiatory volume (FEV1.0%). There was no statistical relationship between pre‐ and post‐therapy with photopheresis; however, there was a statistical correlation between the serum levels of SP‐D and KL‐6. In the group of collagen diseases, plasma levels of SP‐D were higher than serum levels of SP‐D. Patients with SSc possess higher levels of SP‐D than do those with other collagen diseases and dermatitis, which may correspond to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis.
Two Cases of Unilateral Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshio , Chinen Taeko , Ichikawa Yoshiyuki , Ito Masatoshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo cases of pigmented purpuric dermatosis showing unusual distribution are reported. Case 1: 35‐year‐old female. A group of three asymptomatic purpuric macules developed on the ulnar side of the elbow flexure of the left forearm 3–6 months before presentation. Histopathological analysis revealed a band‐like inflammatory infiltrate in the uppermost dermis and extravasation of red blood cells just beneath the epidermis, but there was no evidence of lichefaction degeneration in the basal layer of the epidermis. Case 2: 26‐year‐old female. Asymptomatic purpuric pigmentations developed on the flexure side of the right lower extremity in a linear arrangement 2–3 months before presentation. Histopathological analysis revealed focally perivascular inflammatory infiltrates consisting mainly of lymphocytes and conspicuous extravasation of red blood cells into the papillary dermis. There was no histological evidence of vasculitis in either case. Hemosiderin deposits were more limited than expected in both patients. Both cases are compatible with diagnoses of pigmented purpuric dermatosis. Case 1 on the left arm was compatible with lichen purpuricus. Case 2 occurred in a linear arrangement on the right leg and had a history of aspirin use for chronic headache. We therefore suspected that medication had been an etiological or contributing factor.
Sneddon Syndrome with Multiple Cerebral Infarctions 12 years after the Onset of Livedo Vasculitis: A Possible Involvement of Platelet Activation
Authors: Matsumura Yumi , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Yamamoto Masamitsu , Imamura Sadao , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSneddon syndrome is characterized by livedo reticularis and multiple cerebral infarctions. Skin and central nervous system symptoms usually have a synchronous onset and at times initial symptoms affect one of them, the other lagging several years behind. We here report a patient with Sneddon syndrome who developed multiple cerebral infarctions more than 10 years after the onset of livedo reticularis. While the neurological symptoms were apparent, the patient did not display active skin manifestations. Laboratory findings excluded collagen diseases, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and inherited quantitative deficiency of protein C, protein S and antithrombin III. Abnormal findings included extremely elevated levels of β‐thromboglobulin and platelet factor‐4 in the blood, although these acute phase markers of thrombosis were examined several years after the onset of cerebral infarctions. Platelet activation may have caused Sneddon syndrome in the present case.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome Developing during Burn Treatment
Authors: Oyake Shinichi , Oh‐i Tsunao , Koga Michiyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in a 5‐year‐old girl who had been hospitalized for burn treatment. When she developed an upper respiratory tract infection, she manifested extensive erythema and exfoliation. There was a purulent discharge from the ulcer caused by the burn, and exfoliation was observed in the surrounding area. Based on clinical symptoms and laboratory data, SSSS was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics, resulting in subsidence. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the posterior nasopharynx and the skin erosion and was proved to produce exfoliative toxin A (ETA). Infection from an asymptomatic carrier of an ET‐producing strain was suspected, but we failed to identify the origin, in spite of a thorough inspection of the mother, nurses, and physician. SSSS is occasionally reported as a hospital‐acquired infection. We should study the frequency of asymptomatic carriers of ET‐producing strains so that we can formulate strategies to prevent such infections.
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Scientific Advances and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Eady Robin A.J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skin fragility and blistering disorders. Over the last 25 years research in EB has progressed from descriptive morphological studies through quantitative ultrastructural and biochemical analysis to molecular genetic approaches, including linkage analysis, gene cloning and sequencing, and mutation screening. Currently, 10 distinct causative genes are known to underlie different forms of EB, and this knowledge has been translated to improving the clinical management of patients with these disorders. For example, first trimester DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis is now available in a number of centres in different countries, including Japan, the USA and the UK, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis is also possible. The development of novel forms of treatment for enhancing wound healing and reducing blistering are the subject of an international research effort. Programmes aimed at developing gene therapy for the major forms of EB have already reached the preclinical testing stages. Despite these impressive scientific advances, EB continues to be a devastating disease, in which the high incidence of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma has a major influence on both morbidity and life expectancy, especially in patients with the severe mutilating form of dystrophic EB.
Frictional Dermal Melanosis (Lifa Disease) over Bony Prominences
Authors: Sharquie Khalifa E. , Al‐Dorky Muthanna K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeventy‐one patients (70 females and one male) were studied. Their ages at presentation ranged from 16‐43 years with a mean of 24.4 years. The duration of disease varied from three months to ten years with a median of 2.7 years. All patients were slim and had recorded using a washing agent (Lifa) during bathing with vigorous friction. Family history of the same disease was present in 11 (15.5%) patients. The pigmentation was brown‐black with a rippled pattern and showed no contrast under Wood's light. The areas commonly affected were clavicles (71.8%), shins (36.6%), upper back (32.4%), Adam's apple (31%), lateral aspects of the arms (31%) and other areas. The histopathology of biopsies from 24 patients showed marked dermal melanosis. Amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis were present in one patient. This clinical and histopathological picture suggests that this common condition is related to frictional melanosis.
Erythematous Swelling of the Lip Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome and Mimicking Cheilitis Granulomatosa
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Aiba Setsuya , Suetake Takaki , Tagami Hachiro 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA 64‐year‐old Japanese woman developed therapy‐resistant erythematous swelling of her upper lip. Our tentative clinical diagnosis of cheilitis granulomatosa was ruled out later by the laboratory findings including increased levels of anti‐nuclear‐antibody (ANA), anti‐SS‐A/Ro antibody, and positive Schirmer test as well as by a histopathological picture showing a dense perivascular infiltration of plasma cells and mononuclear cells in the dermis instead of granulomatous changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient in whom annular erythema associated with Sjögren's syndrome involved only the upper lip and produced clinical features simulating cheilitis granulomatosa.
Perineal Lipoma in a Neonate
Authors: Ogasawara Yumie , Ichimiya Makoto , Nomura Sadahiro , Muto Masahiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough lipoma is a subcutaneous tumor most commonly found on the trunk in adults, it is very rare in neonates. The histopathological findings show an encapsulated tumor containing normal fat cells. We report a 3‐month‐old female newborn with lipoma in the perineal region. The tumor was 4 cm in diameter, which histopathologically showed non‐encapsulated lobules composed of fat cells without cellular atypia. There were no genital abnormalities. The tumor was easily removed while the patient was under general anesthesia.
Skin Metastasis of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Derived from the Mediastinum
Authors: Yoshimasu Takashi , Yamamoto Yuki , Uede Koji , Furukawa Fukumi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe report a 46‐year‐old Japanese man with a metastatic skin tumor on his left palmar region. He underwent resection for a mediastinal neuroendocrine carcinoma in February of 1998. After the operation, he immediately noticed an elevated tumor on his left palm. In September 1999, a brain tumor was discovered. The skin and brain tumors were subsequently removed surgically. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the serum was elevated to 25 ng/ml. A skin biopsy specimen from the left palmar site revealed multiple tumor nests which showed the same histological features as the primary mediastinal tumor. Immunostaining was positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, and NSE but negative for S‐100 protein and CD57. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous metastasis of a neuroendocrine tumor derived from the mediastinum.