bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Physics of Raman Scattered He IIλ4332
Authors: Lee Hee-Won 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRaman scattering of far UV photons with atomic hydrogen is important in studying the mass loss and accretion processes in many symbiotic stars. We present basic atomic physical properties for the inelastic scattering of He II 949 with a hydrogen atom, which results in Raman scattered He II 4332 blueward of H gamma. At line center of He II 949, the total scattering cross section is computed to be σtot = 2.5 × 10−22 cm2 and the branching ratio into the level 2s is 0.12. It is proposed that comparisons of broad Balmer wings and Raman scattered He II features may provide an important diagnostic of far UV continuum around H I Lyman series.
Making predictions of mangrove deforestation: a comparison of two methods in Kenya
Authors: Rideout Alasdair J R , Joshi Neha P , Viergever Karin M , Huxham Mark , Briers Robert A 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDeforestation of mangroves is of global concern given their importance for carbon storage, biogeochemical cycling and the provision of other ecosystem services, but the links between rates of loss and potential drivers or risk factors are rarely evaluated. Here, we identified key drivers of mangrove loss in Kenya and compared two different approaches to predicting risk. Risk factors tested included various possible predictors of anthropogenic deforestation, related to population, suitability for land use change and accessibility. Two approaches were taken to modelling risk; a quantitative statistical approach and a qualitative categorical ranking approach. A quantitative model linking rates of loss to risk factors was constructed based on generalized least squares regression and using mangrove loss data from 1992 to 2000. Population density, soil type and proximity to roads were the most important predictors. In order to validate this model it was used to generate a map of losses of Kenyan mangroves predicted to have occurred between 2000 and 2010. The qualitative categorical model was constructed using data from the same selection of variables, with the coincidence of different risk factors in particular mangrove areas used in an additive manner to create a relative risk index which was then mapped. Quantitative predictions of loss were significantly correlated with the actual loss of mangroves between 2000 and 2010 and the categorical risk index values were also highly correlated with the quantitative predictions. Hence, in this case the relatively simple categorical modelling approach was of similar predictive value to the more complex quantitative model of mangrove deforestation. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed, and the implications for mangroves are outlined.
The triradiate sucking pharynx in animal phylogeny
Authors: Nielsen Claus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIndependent sucking/swallowing pharynges, as found in members of at least ten animal phyla, are pharynges that are opened by muscles that are not attached to the outer body wall. Their musculature is derived from either mesoderm or ectoderm, the latter taking the form of a myoepithelium. I review results of previous work on the morphology of independent sucking/swallowing pharynges among invertebrates and provide new information on the ultrastructure of the pharynx of the cyclostome bryozoan Crisia eburnea. The various morphologies of this type of pharynx have been used in some phylogenetic considerations, but only the myoepithelial sucking pharynx with a triradiate lumen was considered significant in analyses of relationships between phyla. However, I argue that this shape is the only one that makes an efficient suction pump, and this, together with different orientations of the myoepithelial pharyngeal pump and its phylogenetic distribution, indicates that the triradiate myoepithelial pharynx has evolved convergently in a number of lineages.
Kanji Recognition by Second Language Learners: Exploring Effects of First Language Writing Systems and Second Language Exposure
Authors: Matsumoto Kazumi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether learners of Japanese with different first language (L1) writing systems use different recognition strategies and whether second language (L2) exposure affects L2 kanji recognition. The study used a computerized lexical judgment task with 3 types of kanji characters to investigate these questions: (a) pseudo‐homophones, (b) pseudo‐homographs, and (c) real words. Three groups of learners participated in the study: (a) beginning‐level learners of Japanese whose L1 was alphabetic, (b) beginning‐level learners of Japanese whose L1 was logographic, and (c) intermediate‐level learners of Japanese whose L1 was alphabetic. The results showed that both levels of learners whose L1 was alphabetic had poor results on the computerized lexical judgment test, possibly due to poor L2 orthographic awareness. The learners with L1 alphabetic knowledge used a poor visual recognition strategy for L2 kanji decoding, whereas those with L1 logographic knowledge were able to access individual kanji characters due to sufficient knowledge of the characters. Some of the learners also preferred phonological coding to recognize kanji characters. In addition, reaction time for the judgment task differed significantly between beginning‐ and intermediate‐level learners. Results indicated that different reading strategies were used by learners of L1 alphabetic or logographic backgrounds and the beginning and intermediate learners who had had different degrees of exposure to the L2.
The relationship between first-trimester haemoglobin a1c and pregnancy loss in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Albai Alin , Șerban Viorel , Timar Romulus , Vlad Adrian , Timar Bogdan , Ilie Cristina , Sdic Oana 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Background and aims: A precarious glycemic control in the first 10 weeks ofpregnancy, the period defining organogenesis, increases the risk of pregnancy loss.The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between pregnancy loss andHbA1c values in early pregnancy in type 1 diabetic women.Material and method: The present study included all pregnancies in type 1 diabetic women followed atDiabetes Clinic, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Timişoara, from 1990-2011.Results: The risk of pregnancy loss was significantly increased compared with thebackground control group. In our study the relative risk of pregancy loss increasedwhen HbA1c exceeded 6.5%. We found a consistent increasing risk with stepwiseincreasing levels of HbA1c. Conclusions: A better glycemic control in this periodand throughout the pregnancy could reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes intype 1 diabetic pregnancies.
El Pancarpium Marianum de Jan David: grabados y conceptos para la Capilla de Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes (Lugo)
Authors: López Calderón Carme 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: The Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes Chapel, in the Lugo cathedral, houses in its interior a rich Iconographic Program consecrated to the praise of the Mother of God. Its XVIIIth century paintings can be divided into two groups according to the source from which they proceed: Sacred Emblematics or the Pancarpium Marianum by Jan David (1607). Concretely, this study focuses on this latter work, in which we introduce the Pancarpium in order first, to demonstrate how some of its engravings were mimetically copied in the ovals of Lugo and, second, to make use of the explanations given by the author in order to analyze in depth the meanings hidden behind the images of our chapel. KEY WORDS: Marian Apologia, Engraving Sources, Pancarpium Marianum, Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes Chapel RESUMEN: La capilla de Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes, en la catedral de Lugo, alberga en su interior un complejo programa iconográfico consagrado a la alabanza de la Madre de Dios. Las pinturas que lo integran, ejecutadas en el siglo XVIII, pueden dividirse en dos grupos atendiendo a la fuente de la que proceden: la emblemática sacra o el Pancarpium Marianum de Jan David (1607). Precisamente, en torno a esta obra gira el presente artículo, en el cual, por tanto, sacamos a la luz el Pancarpium al objeto de, primero, demostrar cómo parte de sus grabados fueron mimetizados en los óvalos lucenses y, segundo, valernos de las explicaciones que nos ofrece su autor para profundizar en los significados que encierran las imágenes de nuestra capilla. PALABRAS CLAVES: Apología mariana, fuentes grabadas, Pancarpium marianum, Capilla de Nuestra Señora de los Ojos Grandes
Fernando R. de la Flor: Mundo simbólico. Poética, política y teúrgia en el Barroco hispano
Authors: Vives-Ferrándiz Sánchez Luis 
Published: February 2013

Recensión crítica del libro de Fernando R. de la Flor: Mundo simbólico. Poética, política y teúrgia en el Barroco hispano, Madrid, Akal, 2012.
Feeding Ecology of Northern Bearded Sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus) in Guyana
Authors: SHAFFER CHRISTOPHER A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBearded sakis (genus Chiropotes) are among the most highly specialized primate seed predators. However, long‐term studies of the genus in continuous forests, with a full community of sympatric primates, are rare. Here I present data on monthly variation in the diet of Chiropotes sagulatus from a long‐term study in a continuous forest in Guyana. Bearded sakis had an extremely diverse diet, exploiting more than 175 species of plants. Consistent with their highly specialized dental morphology for seed eating, seeds made up 75% of the annual diet. Sakis exploited a wide variety of mechanically protected fruits and often exploited the same plant species for more than 3 months. They consumed a high percentage of seeds in all months and seed consumption was significantly correlated with fruit abundance. When fruit became scarcer, sakis consumed a higher percentage of non‐seed food items, including insects, mature fruit, and flowers. Insects were especially important during the leanest months, making up almost 40% of feeding time. Bearded saki dietary diversity (in terms of plant species) showed little variability across months. These results confirm sakis to be highly specialized seed predators. Sakis preferentially consume seeds when they are available. However, when seeds become scarce, sakis become generalists, supplementing their diet with mature fruit, insects, and flowers. The ability of bearded sakis to consume a diversity of highly abundant plant species, fruit in several stages of maturity, and a variety of different types of resources buffers them from the detrimental effects of resource scarcity. Am. J. Primatol. 75:568‐580, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of ultrasonic effect on synthesis of nano zero valent iron particles and comparison with conventional method
Authors: Jamei Mir Roozbeh , Khosravi Mohamad Reza , Anvaripour Bagher 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, a new method of the synthesis of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) is presented. Ultrasonic wave as a novel method is used to synthesize nanoparticles and the physico‐chemical properties of particles compared with conventional synthesis method. Among the various synthesis methods, chemical reduction is widely used because of its simplicity. The effect of ultrasonic power (500 W, 1000 W), FeSO4.7H2O concentration (0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 M), NaBH4 concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.4 M) and delivery rate of reducing agent on nZVI characteristics were investigated. Particle size distribution, morphology and surface composition were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area and particle size analyzer. It was found that the morphology of nanoparticles changed from spherical type to plate and needle type under high ultrasonic power. The size of 50% of nanoparticles was decreased from 90.3 to 29.9 nm under high precursor/reductant concentration and high ultrasonic power. Also, BET surface area was increased from 10 to 42 m2/g while using ultrasonic waves. The XRD patterns showed that the crystallinity of the nZVI prepared using ultrasonic conditions was poor because of the inadequate time for nuclei growth and crystallization. Therefore, the ultrasonic power could impose dramatic effect on the characteristics of the nanoparticles. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated Prospection Methods to Define Small‐site Settlement Structure: a Case Study from Neolithic Hungary
Authors: Salisbury Roderick B. , Bertók Gábor , Bácsmegi Gábor 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTDifferent human activities produce different material signatures, and therefore integrating several complementary prospection data sets provides a more comprehensive picture of site structure than any one method. We combine magnetic prospection data with soil chemistry and surface collection data from two small late Neolithic (ca. 5000 bc) settlements in eastern Hungary. Magnetic gradiometer survey helps to define basic subsurface features. Semi‐quantitative soil phosphate analysis improves our understanding of vertical and horizontal settlement boundaries and the locations of some activity zones. Through the surface distribution of burnt daub and pottery, controlled surface collection aids in our interpretations of structure and preservation at these settlements, as well as providing dating evidence. Spatial analysis, including the interpolation of chemical data, is performed in a geographical information system. Results indicate two different settlement types at contemporaneous sites, and suggest excellent preservation for site types that are poorly understood, relatively rare and generally poorly preserved in the archaeological record of eastern Hungary. In addition, this work provides the first comprehensive depiction of spatial organization at small late Neolithic settlements in the region. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of biomass concentration, lipid production, and cellulose content inChlorella vulgariscultures using response surface methodology
Authors: Aguirre Ana‐Maria , Bassi Amarjeet 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe microalgaeChlorella vulgarisproduce lipids that after extraction from cells can be converted into biodiesel. However, these lipids cannot be efficiently extracted from cells due to the presence of the microalgae cell wall, which acts as a barrier for lipid removal when traditional extraction methods are employed. Therefore, a microalgae system with high lipid productivity and thinner cell walls could be more suitable for lipid production from microalgae. This study addresses the effect of culture conditions, specifically carbon dioxide and sodium nitrate concentrations, on biomass concentration and the ratio of lipid productivity/cellulose content. Optimization of culture conditions was done by response surface methodology. The empirical model for biomass concentration (R2 = 96.0%) led to a predicted maximum of 1123.2 mg dw L−1when carbon dioxide and sodium nitrate concentrations were 2.33% (v/v) and 5.77 mM, respectively. For lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio (R2 = 95.2%) the maximum predicted value was 0.46 (mg lipid L−1 day−1)(mg cellulose mg biomass−1)−1when carbon dioxide concentration was 4.02% (v/v) and sodium nitrate concentration was 3.21 mM. A common optimum point for both variables (biomass concentration and lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio) was also found, predicting a biomass concentration of 1119.7 mg dw L−1and lipid productivity/cellulose content ratio of 0.44 (mg lipid L−1 day−1)(mg cellulose mg biomass−1)−1for culture conditions of 3.77% (v/v) carbon dioxide and 4.01 mM sodium nitrate. The models were experimentally validated and results supported their accuracy. This study shows that it is possible to improve lipid productivity/cellulose content by manipulation of culture conditions, which may be applicable to any scale of bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2114–2122. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of and risk factors for acute occlusive arterial injury following pediatric cardiac catheterization: A large single‐center cohort study
Authors: Glatz Andrew C. , Shah Samir S. , McCarthy Ann L. , Geisser Diana , Daniels Kaitlyn , Xie Dawei , Hanna Brian D. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Rome Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of and identify risk factors for acute occlusive arterial injury (AOAI) in a large volume pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratory.BackgroundAOAI is a known complication after pediatric cardiac catheterization. Prevalence and risk factors in the modern era are incompletely described.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including all cardiac catheterization procedures performed between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2010 was performed. Case status was defined by ≥1 of the following: exam consistent with occlusive arterial injury, use of an anticoagulant within 48 hr of catheterization to restore or maintain patency of the artery, or documented occlusive arterial injury by radiologic study.Results3,254 patients had 5,715 catheterization procedures, which included 3,859 arterial access events. 167 cases of AOAI were identified for an overall prevalence of 4.3% among arterial access events. Multiple logistic regression identified independent risk factors: weight category [<4 kg: odds ratio (OR) 4.5 (95% CI: 2.6–7.7), P < 0.001; 4–6 kg: OR 2.1 (1.3–3.5), P = 0.002, compared to 6–8 kg referent group]; largest catheter outer diameter French size [OR 1.6 (1.3–1.9), P < 0.001]; final activated clotting time (ACT) <250 sec [OR 1.9 (1.4–2.7), P < 0.001]; and need for arterial catheter exchange [OR 1.8 (1.02–3.2), P = 0.04].ConclusionsAOAI occurred in 4.3% of pediatric cardiac catheterizations, and was most likely in smaller children and those with larger arterial catheters. Risk was also independently increased by arterial catheter exchange and having a final ACT <250 sec. These data act as an important benchmark and identify areas for intervention for future studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalysis with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes under Oxidative Conditions
Authors: De Sarkar Suman , Biswas Anup , Samanta Ramesh C. , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis Concept article discusses the potential of oxidative carbene catalysis in synthesis and comprehensively covers pioneering studies as well as recent developments. Oxidative carbene catalysis can be conducted by using inorganic and organic oxidants. Applications in cascade processes, in enantioselective catalysis, and also in natural product synthesis are discussed.
Measuring the semantic discrimination capability of association relations
Authors: Xu Zheng , Luo Xiangfeng , Mei Lin , Hu Chuanping 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYAssociation relations between concepts are a class of simple but powerful regularities in binary data, which play important roles in enterprises and organizations with huge amounts of data. However, although there can be easily large number of association relation mined from databases, since existing objective and subjective methods scarcely take semantics into consideration, it has been recognized early in the knowledge discovery literature that most of them are of no interest to the user. In this paper, the semantic discrimination capability (SDC) of association relation is measured based on discrimination value model first. The formula of SDC integrating both statistical and graph features is proposed from five different strategies. The high correlation coefficient of the proposed method against discrimination value shows that the proposed SDC measure is accuracy. Moreover, an application using SDC on document clustering is carried out, which shows that SDC has broad prospects on data‐related task such as document clustering. Copyright 2013 John Wiley © Sons, Ltd.
UNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE–PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS UNCERTAINTY IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE MODELING
Authors: Sarfraz Iqbal M. , Golsteijn Laura , Öberg Tomas , Sahlin Ullrika , Papa Ester , Kovarich Simona , Huijbregts Mark A.J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

In cases in which experimental data on chemical-specific input parameters are lacking, chemical regulations allow the use of alternatives to testing, such as in silico predictions based on quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs). Such predictions are often given as point estimates; however, little is known about the extent to which uncertainties associated with QSPR predictions contribute to uncertainty in fate assessments. In the present study, QSPR-induced uncertainty in overall persistence (POV) and long-range transport potential (LRTP) was studied by integrating QSPRs into probabilistic assessments of five polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), using the multimedia fate model Simplebox. The uncertainty analysis considered QSPR predictions of the fate input parameters' melting point, water solubility, vapor pressure, organic carbon–water partition coefficient, hydroxyl radical degradation, biodegradation, and photolytic degradation. Uncertainty in POV and LRTP was dominated by the uncertainty in direct photolysis and the biodegradation half-life in water. However, the QSPRs developed specifically for PBDEs had a relatively low contribution to uncertainty. These findings suggest that the reliability of the ranking of PBDEs on the basis of POV and LRTP can be substantially improved by developing better QSPRs to estimate degradation properties. The present study demonstrates the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses in nontesting strategies and highlights the need for guidance when compounds fall outside the applicability domain of a QSPR. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1069–1076. © 2013 SETAC
Biological synthesis of copper nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus leaf extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jeoung , Song Jae Yong , Kim Beom Soo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBakgroundBiological methods for metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts have been suggested as possible ecofriendly alternatives to chemical and physical methods. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using Magnolia kobus leaf extract as reducing agent and their antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli.ResultsOn treatment of aqueous solution of CuSO4·5H2O with Magnolia kobus leaf extract, stable copper nanoparticles were formed. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the quantitative formation of copper nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized with inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). Electron microscopy analysis of copper nanoparticles indicated that they ranged in average size from 37 to 110 nm. Antibacterial tests were carried out by counting viable E. coli cells after 24 h growth in shake flasks containing latex foams coated with copper nanoparticles. As a result, foams coated with biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial activity compared with foams untreated and foams treated with chemically synthesized copper nanoparticles using sodium borohydride and Tween 20. The antibacterial activities were inversely proportional to the average nanoparticle sizes.ConclusionThe present results show that stable copper nanoparticles can be ecofriendly synthesized using Magnolia kobus leaf extract, offering an inexpensive alternative to antibacterial silver nanoparticles. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry