bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Participation of Urokinase‐type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and its Receptor (uPAR) in Tumor Invasion
Authors: Shirasuna Kanemitsu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the salivary glands and has unique clinical features and behavior. AdCC grows slowly, but spreads relentlessly into adjacent tissues, with a proclivity for invading nerve and endothelial sheaths. Moreover, the frequency of recurrence and distant metastasis of AdCC is very high. In vivo and in vitro, AdCC produces a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), including basement membrane (BM) components, elastin, and mucopolysaccharides. The accumulation of ECM components in intercellular spaces results in the formation of a pseudocyst, which is the characteristic architecture of AdCC. AdCC cells degrade considerable amounts of mesenchymal‐elaborated ECM through the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) ‐plasmin system. By contrast, tumor‐produced ECM is resistant to degradation, because it contains plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1). The migration response of AdCC cell lines to ECM, especially type I and type IV collagens, is much stronger than that of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines, while both cell types generally show similar patterns of integrin subunit expression. The AdCC cell response to collagens is largely and exclusively inhibited by anti‐α2 integrin antibody. Surface uPA receptor (uPAR) expression by AdCC cell lines is greater than that by SCC cell lines and increases in response to collagen stimulation. This is accompanied by the assembly of numerous focal adhesions, consisting of the adapter proteins uPAR,α2 integrin, vinculin, and paxillin. A role for uPAR in cell migration and assembly of adaptor proteins was also demonstrated by transfecting AdCC cells with an antisense uPAR RNA, which strongly reduced both responses. Therefore, the proclivity of AdCC cells to migrate to type I and IV collagens might be due to the overexpression of uPAR, which also plays a key role in focal adhesion assembly. In conclusion, the invasiveness of AdCC cells might be regulated by the interaction of uPA‐uPAR with integrin.
Effects of Stress Response to Surgical Procedures upon Secretion of Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Mice
Authors: Watanabe Nobuyuki Y. , Nakagawa Yoichi , Akutsu Satonari , Yamane Akira 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSecretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in mucosal immunity, and salivary levels change in response to social, psychological and physical stress. However, little is understood about how surgical stress affects salivary sIgA. The results of the present study showed that mouse salivary IgA concentration was significantly elevated immediately after surgery and returned to pre‐surgical levels after 24 h. Thus, the surgery did not suppress IgA secretion under our experimental conditions, suggesting that mucosal immunity was not perturbed. Since the role of α‐adrenergic receptors involved in IgA secretion has remained unclear under surgical stress, we further examined the effects of either α1‐adrenergic (prazosin) or α2‐ adrenergic antagonist (yohimbine) on the salivary sIgA. Yohimbine, but not prazosin, antagonized the surgically induced salivary IgA enhancement, indicating mediation by α2‐ receptor stimulation. The mRNA for IgA was not altered in the salivary gland after surgery, suggesting that surgical stress did not stimulate IgA synthesis in the salivary gland cells. In conclusion, it is suggested that the surgical stress does not perturb mucosal immunity in our experimental model, although a transient increase of concentration of salivary IgA was observed immediately after surgical insult.
Differentiation of Rat Dental Pulp‐derived Cells into an Osteoblastic Lineage
Authors: Nozaki Tadashige , Takeyasu Masaharu , Hirao Akinori , Shinohara Mitsuko , Daito Michiharu , Ohura Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe in vitro differentiation potential of rat dental pulp‐derived cells into an osteoblastic lineage was examined. Induction was carried out under in vitro osteogenesis‐inducing conditions used for mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow. We previously reported that the level of mineralization was high at 6 weeks after induction, as determined by von Kossa staining. In the present study, we quantitatively measured the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after induction. The ratios of ALP‐positive cells to total cells were 44.4 ± 1.0, 46.9 ± 0.9, 40.5 ± 0.5 and 21.0 ± 1.8% at 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after induction, respectively. The level of ALP activity was significantly decreased at 6 weeks after induction (p ＜ 0.05). The stem cell markers STRO‐1, SSEA‐1, Nanog and Oct‐3/4 were expressed in a subset of the cells, suggesting that stem cells were present. To elucidate gene regulation in the osteoblastic lineage of the cells, quantitative gene expression analyses were carried out using real‐time RT‐PCR. Col1a2 (collagen type I) and Bglap (osteocalcin) were up‐regulated by about 1.7‐fold and 1.3‐fold, respectively, at 6 weeks after induction compared with their corresponding levels at 1 week. These results indicate that the cells differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage in parallel with decreasing ALP activity during induction. Moreover, the expressions of Col1a2 and Bglap were inversely correlated with Alpl (ALP) expression after induction, which was correlated with Bmp2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) expression. Taken together, the findings indicate that these molecules contribute to the differentiation of rat dental pulp‐derived cells into an osteoblastic lineage.
Chemokine Receptor Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation with Growth Factor‐ and Cytokine‐mediated Cell Migration in vitro
Authors: Muraoka Katsumi , Okumura Kazuhiko , Kitajo Hiroyuki , Kato Hidetaka , Arisue Makoto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMetastasis is the chief cause of mortality in cancer patients. Recently, chemokines and chemokine receptors were shown to play an important role in the metastasis of various cancers. We examined the role of chemokine receptor‐mediated signaling in the invasion potential of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines that were derived from 5 primary tumors and 6 cervical lymph node metastases. Comprehensive analysis of the mRNAs for human chemokine receptors showed that the OSCC cell lines had uniform expression patterns of chemokine receptors. Overall, there were no consistent differences in the expression of chemokine receptors between primary site‐ and lymph node metastasis‐derived cell lines. However, a highly invasive OSCC cell line (SAS‐Hl) expressed up‐regulation of CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR1, CXCR6 and CX3CR1 compared to a poorly invasive OSCC cell line (SAS‐Ll). Then we examined whether factors in the tumor microenvironment regulated chemokine receptor expression in SAS‐Hl cells. Specifically, transforming growth factor (TGF) ‐β1 enhanced the expression of CCR5, CCR6, CCR7 and CX3CR1. Pretreatment of SAS‐Hl cells with transforming growth factor (TGF) ‐β1 increased the expression of CCR7 and CX3CR1, and then enhanced CCL21‐ and CX3CLl‐induced directional migration (l.5‐fold enhancement as compared with untreated control). In addition, CX3CL1 increased the adhesion of SAS‐Hl cells on uncoated tissue culture plates. Neither chemokine stimulated cell proliferation. Treatment of SAS‐Hl cells with CX3CL1 activated the phosphotidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) and MEK signal transduction pathways. Our results suggest that chemokine receptor‐mediated signaling is involved in the local invasion and metastasis of human OSCC.
The Effect of Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin on the Differentiation of RAW264 Cells into Osteoclasts
Authors: Ogawa Yumiko , Goda Seiji , Morita Shosuke 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBone is continuously remodeled by bone resorption and formation and, accordingly, bone metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis. Deviation from the normal conditions of bone resorption can result in bone diseases. Lipid rafts are specialized plasma membrane microdomains that are enriched with glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Lipid rafts are important for the transport of select membranes and relay stations involved in intracellular signaling.To investigate the role of lipid rafts in RAW264 cells signaling, lipid rafts were disrupted by depleting cholesterol through the introduction of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD). We found that sRANKL‐induced differentiation into osteoclasts was markedly inhibited by MβCD in a dose‐dependent manner. MβCD enhanced the sRANKL‐induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase. In contrast, MβCD blocked the phosphorylation of IκB. These findings suggest that cholesterol might play a crucial role in the regulation of the sRANKL‐mediated signaling pathway and in osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, thereby reflecting its importance in the formation of plasma membrane lipid rafts.
Effects of Bulb Type Palatal Lift Prosthesis Therapy on Nasality and Velopharyngeal Function of Patients Following Palatoplasty
Authors: Ogata Yuko , Matsuzaki Sachiyo , Sasaguri Masaaki , Kubota Yasutaka , Suzuki Akira , Nakamura Seiji , Shirasuna Kanemitsu , Nakamura Norifumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of bulb type palatal lift prosthesis (bulb‐PLP) therapy on nasality and velopharyngeal function (VPF) of patients with velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) following palatoplasty were longitudinally assessed.The subjects included 18 patients (3 to 52 years of age) who had shown persistent VPI following palatoplasty and who had received bulb‐PLP therapy. Nasality and VPF were assessed by perceptual voice analysis, nasometer test, blowing test, and cephalometric radiographic examination. Based on the outcomes of bulb‐PLP therapy, the subjects were classified into two groups: the effective group and the ineffective group. Furthermore, the obturating and VPF‐activating effects by bulb‐PLP therapy were analyzed, and factors relating to different VPF activities were determined.All subjects achieved adequate VPF by wearing a bulb‐PLP. After treatment, 10 patients (55.6%) achieved successful activation of VPF without bulb‐PLP (the effective group), while persistent VPI remained in 8 patients (the ineffective group). The beginning‐blowing ratio of the effective group was significantly greater than that of the ineffective group (P < 0.05) and the velopharyngeal distance (V‐P distance) of the effective group tended to be smaller (P = 0.07). Regarding the shape of the bulb head, the angular type was dominant in the ineffective group, while the round type was dominant in the effective group.Bulb‐PLP therapy was useful for providing adequate VPF activation. Possible signs of the subsequent effective activation of VPF are considered to be: 1) preexisting adequate VPF on blowing, 2) smaller V‐P distance, and 3) synchronized palatopharyngeal movement.
Trigeminovagal Reflex Caused by Stimulation of the Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve under General Anesthesia:
Authors: Sanuki Takuro , Yamamoto Naoko , Miki Mari , Sugioka Shingo , Kotani Junichiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report a rare case of trigeminovagal reflex (TVR) resulting from stimulation of the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve under general anesthesia. Although general anesthesia
reportedly prevents TVR, it should be part of the differential diagnosis in all cases of unexplained
sinus arrest during oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Type A Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome Generating an Antidromic Atrioventricular (AV) Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT) and an Orthodromic AVRT with a Long RP Interval Initiated only after Incomplete Impairment of an AV Accessory Pathway
Authors: Tanaka Kazushi , Watanabe Yoshio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on a case of a 23‐year‐old male with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. At baseline, constant right atrial pacing induced antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), whereas constant right ventricular (RV) pacing only revealed a normal His‐Purkinje system. Mapping below the mitral annulus during sinus rhythm revealed fusion of atrial and ventricular potentials at multiple lateral sites. After unsuccessful ablation at these sites, constant RV pacing induced a long RP interval, orthodromic AVRT with the earliest atrial site being located at an anterior aspect, where successful ablation was later achieved. These phenomena may indicate an unexpected arrhythmogenic effect of initial ablations.
Anodal Capture May Prevent Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy from Working Effectively. A Case Report of Left Ventricular Lead Dislodgement
Authors: Kashiwase Kazunori , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Wada Mitsuru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Hirata Akio , Ueda Yasunori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA 78‐year‐old man was implanted with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator. One month later, chest X‐ray and electrocardiography suggested left ventricular (LV) lead dislodgement. However, the LV lead pacing threshold obtained by a programmer was unchanged because anodal capture had developed, which made it difficult to confirm the LV lead dislodgement. Radiographs obtained in the catheterization laboratory revealed that the tip of the LV lead had dislodged into the right atrium. The LV lead was relocated into another lateral coronary vein. Electrocardiography showed the QRS duration to be shorter than prior to this revision.
Transformation of a shoaling undular bore
Authors: El G. A. , Grimshaw R. H. J. , Tiong W. K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe consider the propagation of a shallow-water undular bore over a gentle monotonic bottom slope connecting two regions of constant depth, in the framework of the variable-coefficient Korteweg–de Vries equation. We show that, when the undular bore advances in the direction of decreasing depth, its interaction with the slowly varying topography results, apart from an adiabatic deformation of the bore itself, in the generation of a sequence of isolated solitons – an expanding large-amplitude modulated solitary wavetrain propagating ahead of the bore. Using nonlinear modulation theory we construct an asymptotic solution describing the formation and evolution of this solitary wavetrain. Our analytical solution is supported by direct numerical simulations. The presented analysis can be extended to other systems describing the propagation of undular bores (dispersive shock waves) in weakly non-uniform environments.
Sheep cheese naturally enriched in α-linolenic, conjugated linoleic and vaccenic acids improves the lipid profile and reduces anandamide in the plasma of hypercholesterolaemic subjects
Authors: Pintus Stefano , Murru Elisabetta , Carta Gianfranca , Cordeddu Lina , Batetta Barbara , Accossu Simonetta , Pistis Danila , Uda Sabrina , Elena Ghiani Maria , Mele Marcello , Secchiari Pierlorenzo , Almerighi Guido , Pintus Paolo , Banni Sebastiano 
Published: August 2012

Intake of dairy fat has long been considered as a risk factor for CVD. Pasture and dietary lipid supplementation have been reported to be reliable strategies in ruminant nutrition, in order to increase the content of α-linolenic acid (ALA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA), and decrease SFA in milk fat. In the present study, we aimed at verifying whether consumption of a sheep cheese, naturally enriched in ALA, CLA and VA, would modify the plasma lipid and endocannabinoid profiles in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. A total of forty-two adult volunteers (nineteen males and twenty-three females) with diagnosed mildly hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol 5·68–7·49 mmol/l) were randomly assigned to eat 90 g/d of a control or enriched cheese for 3 weeks, with a cross-over after 3 weeks of washout. Plasma lipids, endocannabinoids, adipokines and inflammatory markers were measured. The intake of enriched cheese significantly increased the plasma concentrations of CLA, VA, then-3 fatty acids ALA and EPA, and more remarkably decreased that of the endocannabinoid anandamide. LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly (7 %). No changes were detected in the levels of inflammatory markers; however, a significant correlation was found between the plasma levels of anandamide and leptin. The control cheese modified none of the parameters measured. The results obtained do not support the view that intake of dairy fat is detrimental to hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Indeed, they show that a naturally enriched cheese possesses beneficial properties, since it ameliorates the plasma lipid profile, and more remarkably reduces endocannabinoid biosynthesis.
Measurement of growth in the lichenRhizocarpon geographicumusing a new photographic technique
Authors: McCARTHY Daniel P. , HENRY Nicole 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAdobe® Photoshop® CS3 Extended software and a photographic time series were used to generate accurate and precise measures of change in the area, perimeter and diameter ofRhizocarponthalli at one, three and seven year intervals. Systematic measurements at a fixed grid of eight diameters per thallus showed a rapid and highly variable diametric growth phase in the smallest thalli (<5 mm2) and slower diametric growth (<0·01 mm2yr–1) in larger thalli (5–500 mm2). When standardized to an annual rate, the areal growth trend was similar, regardless of the number of years studied. This suggests that the areal and diametric growth of small and mid-sizedRhizocarponthalli may be insensitive to annual climatic variation and can be accurately characterized by repeat measurements taken over months rather than decades. Unlike diametric growth rate, change in thallus area and perimeter are statistically robust measures of growth inRhizocarponthalli. Our mean measurement accuracy was 99%. Measurement precision (reproducibility) was >95% (P>0·05) for thallus area and >96% for thallus perimeter. Our technique is tedious, but on flat rocks it can resolve and accurately measure change in thallus morphology at the sub-millimeter scale, and it can be used with recent and/or historical images.
Investigation of the importance of rock chemistry for saxicolous lichen communities of the New Idria serpentinite mass, San Benito County, California, USA
Authors: RAJAKARUNA Nishanta , KNUDSEN Kerry , FRYDAY Alan M. , O'DELL Ryan E. , POPE Nathaniel , OLDAY Fred C. , WOOLHOUSE Suzie 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlthough several lichen inventories exist for European ultramafic sites, only four surveys of serpentine lichens for North America have been published to date. Of those, only one has been conducted in California. We conducted a survey of saxicolous lichens from ultramafic rocks (including nephrite, partially serpentinized peridotite, and serpentinite) and non-ultramafic rocks (including silica-carbonate, shale, and sandstone) at the New Idria serpentinite mass, San Benito County, California. X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of the rocks from which the lichens were collected revealed significant elemental differences between the ultramafic and non-ultramafic rocks for 26 of the 32 major and trace elements analyzed. We identified a total of 119 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi; 60 species were restricted to ultramafic substrata, 19 to silica-carbonate, and 15 to shale and sandstone. Only 4 species were shared in common. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (perMANOVA) test revealed significant differences in lichen assemblages between ultramafic and non-ultramafic rocks at the species level but not at the generic level, with species richness (alpha-diversity) significantly greater at the ultramafic sites. We suggest that, although differences in geochemistry clearly influence the lichen community composition, other factors, especially substratum age and the physical characteristics of the rock, are of equal, if not greater, importance. Of all the species collected, six,Buellia aethalea,B. ocellata,Caloplaca oblongula,Rhizocarpon saurinum,Thelocarpon laureri, andTrapelia obtegens, are reported new to California, along with an apparently previously undescribedSolenopsorasp. The rest of the species encountered are relatively frequent in the lichen flora of southern and central California, exceptAspicilia praecrenata, a rare California endemic that we collected on both ultramafic and non-ultramafic rocks.
Genetic diversity of photobionts in Antarctic lecideoid lichens from an ecological view point
Authors: RUPRECHT Ulrike , BRUNAUER Georg , PRINTZEN Christian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs part of a comprehensive study on lecideoid lichens in Antarctica, we investigated the photobiont diversity and abundance in 119 specimens of lecideoid lichens from 11 localities in the continental and maritime Antarctic. A phylogeny of these photobiont ITS sequences, including samples from arctic, alpine and temperate lowland regions, reveals the presence of five majorTrebouxiaclades in Antarctic lecideoid lichens. Two clades are formed by members of theT. jamesiiandT. impressaaggregates but for all other clades no close match to any knownTrebouxiaspecies could be found in sequence databases. One genetically uniform and well-supportedTrebouxiaclade was found only in the climatically unique cold desert regions of the Antarctic (preliminarily calledTrebouxiasp.URa1), where it is preferentially associated with the highly adapted Antarctic endemic lichenLecidea cancriformis. Levels of genetic photobiont diversity differ slightly, but insignificantly among ecological regions of the Antarctic and do not decrease towards regions with more unfavourable ecological conditions. The genetic diversity of photobionts varies among mycobiont species. Most pairwise comparisons reveal that these differences are insignificant, probably due to the small sample size for most species. The Antarctic lichens studied here are predominantly not specific for a single photobiont species or lineage, except forLecidella greeniiandL. siplei. These two species are preferably associated withTrebouxiasp. URa2, although in the sampling areas of both species, a pool of several other photobionts is available.Lecidea cancriformisassociates with the highest diversity of photobionts followed byL. andersonii.
Lecania falcata, a new species from Spain, the Canary Islands and the Azores, close to Lecania chlorotiza
Authors: SÉRUSIAUX Emmanuël , van den BOOM Pieter P. G. , BRAND Maarten A. , COPPINS Brian J. , MAGAIN Nicolas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLecania chlorotiza and L. falcata, described here as new from Spain/Navarra, the Canary Islands and the Azores, do not belong to Lecania s. str. They belong to a strongly supported clade comprising Bacidia, Bacidina, Scutula and Toninia when examined with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences using mtSSU, nuLSU and nuITS sequences. This clade represents the Bacidiaceae and is included in the Ramalinaceae s. lat. Most genera included in that family need further work before a new genus can possibly be described for Lecania chlorotiza and L. falcata.
Hypogymniain the Himalayas of India and Nepal
Authors: McCUNE B. , DIVAKAR P. K. , UPRETI D. K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMorphological and chemical studies ofHypogymniafrom the Himalayas revealed one new species, three species new to the region, and a previously unrecognized synonym.Hypogymnia crystallina, distinguished by its rimmed holes in the lobe axils, a pruinose disc, POL+ epihymenium, and distinctive chemistry (zeorin, hypoprotocetraric acid, usnic acid and atranorin) is described as new.Hypogymnia pseudohypotrypa(Asah.) A. Singh is synonymized withH. thomsonianaand a second location is reported for the recently describedH. sikkimensis.Hypogymnia bitteri,H. mundata, andH. subarticulataare reported as new to India. A total of 17 species of the genusHypogymniaare accepted for the Himalayan region of India and Nepal, with one additional species from southern India. A key is given to the species known from this region.