bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of direct support professionals and management staff towards intellectual disability in specialised services
Authors: Assouline Isabelle , Morin Diane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttitudes towards intellectual disability play an important role in the social inclusion and well‐being of persons with intellectual disability. Few studies have examined attitudes of staff working in the specialised service industry, which may have an even greater impact. This study aimed to better understand these attitudes.MethodsA sample of 157 direct support professionals and 38 managers working with persons with intellectual disability completed the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID; Morin, Rivard, et al. (2013).Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 279–292). Attitudes were assessed along affective, cognitive, and behavioural dimensions.ResultsResults revealed generally positive attitudes in both groups, but more paternalistic attitudes among managers and less positive attitudes in the general population. Positive attitudes were associated with level of education, frequency and quality of contact, and knowledge about intellectual disabilities.ConclusionWorkplace training programs addressing the aetiology of intellectual disability and interventions promoting self‐determination may help enhance staff attitudes towards intellectual disability.
Tracking data as an alternative to resighting data for inferring population ranges
Authors: Linssen Hans , van Loon E. Emiel , Shamoun‐Baranes Judy Z. , Vergin Lisa , Leyrer Jutta , Nolet Bart A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimLarge‐scale space use and geographical ranges of animal populations are central topics in ecology. Whereas they are traditionally often based on citizen science or professional sightings of (marked) animals, recent technological developments have presented GPS tracking as an alternative method for inferring space use at the population level. Tracking devices are however much more expensive than traditional marks, rings or collars, leading to datasets that typically consist of much fewer individuals. We study how GPS tracking data and citizen science resighting data of marked individuals compare as alternative sources for inferring range size.LocationNorthwestern Europe.TaxonBewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii).MethodsWe calculated Bewick's swan range sizes from a wealth of GPS tracking and resighting data during winter, the period of the year when both data types are abundant. We examined the effect of the number of individuals and the total number of spatial records (either resightings or GPS fixes) on the inferred range size. Moreover, we combined GPS tracks with resightings of the same individuals to empirically determine spatial variation in resighting rates.ResultsTracked individuals generated records across an area 1.5–2 times larger than individuals that were merely resighted. Moreover, any given number of daily GPS records (rather than GPS‐tracked individuals) yielded an area 1.5 times larger than that same number of resighting records. A small number of GPS‐tracked individuals (~20) was sufficient to yield a larger range size compared to much higher numbers of resighted individuals (well over 400). Spatial variation in resighting rates corresponded well with the differences in range size from the two data types, indicating that spatial gaps in observer effort can hamper range estimations.Main ConclusionsWhen combined with resighting data, tracking data can be used to indicate areas of low observer effort. Although citizen science resightings are essential for collecting various types of biological information, we show that GPS tracking presents a highly efficient alternative to traditional marking for assessing large‐scale space use and population ranges, requiring far fewer individuals to be used.
Prevention, resolution, or counseling: Testing three approaches to reducing debt payment delinquencies in a large‐scale field experiment
Authors: Roll Stephen , Chun Yung , Despard Mathieu , Bufe Sam , Kondratjeva Olga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we partnered with a large credit union to conduct a 10‐arm field experiment aimed at reducing delinquent payments on installment debts. This experiment tested common behavioral interventions such as payment reminders against more novel approaches such as magnet reminders and savings accounts that automated emergency savings. It also tested the impact of offering financial counseling services. Our findings indicate that the email reminders—which emphasized resolving current delinquencies in some treatments and preventing future delinquencies in others—were effective at reducing moderate and severe payment delinquency rates. Other, more intensive treatments, which required participants to enroll in a new account or financial counseling, likely did not have an impact due to low takeup rates. We also find limited evidence that certain interventions were more effective for individuals with higher credit risk.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of concentrated growth factors for hair growth promotion in androgenetic alopecia patients: A retrospective single‐centre, single‐arm study
Authors: Cao Saisai , Zhu Mengyi , Bi Ye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of injections of concentrated growth factors (CGF) for hair growth promotion in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients.MethodsA retrospective review of AGA patients treated with injections of CGF at our center from October 2021 to April 2023 was performed. A total of 3 injections were administered every 3–4 weeks apart, and evaluation were performed before the first injection and at 3 months, 6 months later. The outcomes were assessed by trichoscopy photomicrographs and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).ResultsAt 3 months after the first injection, the hair density and hair growth ratio were significantly improved. Significant improvements were found in GAIS score by both patients and independent doctors and the hair growth promotion was sustained for 6 months after first treatment.ConclusionsAccording to this tiny single‐arm trial, the use of CGF injection may help AGA by increasing terminal hair density and hair density. No severe topical or systemic adverse events occurred during the treatment.
Infant feeding for women with an eating disorder: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Leeming Dawn , Barnsley‐Bridger Samantha , Shabir Rumaanah , Hinsliff Sophie , Marshall Joyce 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMothers with eating disorders can face additional challenges with infant feeding, and there is evidence they are likely to cease breastfeeding earlier than intended. However, there is little research exploring this. The present study used interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the lived experience of infant feeding for mothers suffering from or recovering from an eating disorder. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six women—five who had breastfed and one who formula‐fed. The women experienced two incompatible worlds—motherhood and an eating disorder. Tensions were sometimes resolved by reducing eating disordered behaviour alongside immersion in motherhood. Two participants did not find infant feeding particularly important for their journey into motherhood. Four recounted a positive shift in their relationship to their body through breastfeeding and felt their embodied experience of mothering provided a route out of eating disordered behaviour. However, doubts about their mothering and infant feeding capabilities could be amplified by feeling mistrusted by others and by the relative silence around eating disorders within maternity care services. Respectful dialogue with health care professionals was particularly valued where this occurred. Although long‐term outcomes for the participants are unknown, the study suggests women with a history of eating disorders can form successful breastfeeding relationships and may be motivated to engage in collaborative risk assessment. However, they need support in managing emotional challenges. Training around eating disorders for maternity care professionals is likely to be useful for enhancing confidence in engaging mothers proactively to share concerns about eating, weight and body shape.
Effect of adiposity status on salivary Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Deng Qianyi , Wong Hai Ming , Peng Simin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of adiposity status, salivary physicochemical parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers on the salivary abundance of the two main cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus among Hong Kong adolescents.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 180 adolescents aged 12–15 years from Hong Kong local secondary schools. Anthropometric measurements and oral health examinations were performed. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary physicochemical parameters, protein biomarker levels, and salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and total bacteria.ResultsAdolescents with general overweight/obesity or central obesity had significantly higher salivary Streptococcus mutans abundance and total bacterial load, lower stimulated salivary flow rate, and lower secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA levels than the lean controls. Adolescents with general overweight/obesity (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.28–8.65) and those with central obesity (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.02–6.00) had a significantly higher chance of having high salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans than the lean controls after adjusting for confounders, with a similar detection rate of salivary Streptococcus sobrinus.ConclusionGeneral overweight or obesity and central obesity were associated with a high salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans but had no significant effect on salivary Streptococcus sobrinus.
Distinct profiles of plant immune resilience revealed by natural variation in warm temperature‐modulated disease resistance among Arabidopsis accessions
Authors: Rossi Christina A. M. , Patel Dhrashti N. , Castroverde Christian Danve M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElevated temperature suppresses the plant defence hormone salicylic acid (SA) by downregulating the expression of master immune regulatory genes CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60‐LIKE G (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1 (SARD1). However, previous studies in Arabidopsis thaliana plants have primarily focused on the accession Columbia‐0 (Col‐0), while the genetic determinants of intraspecific variation in Arabidopsis immunity under elevated temperature remain unknown. Here we show that BASIC HELIX LOOP HELIX 059 (bHLH059), a thermosensitive SA regulator at nonstress temperatures, does not regulate immune suppression under warmer temperatures. In agreement, temperature‐resilient and ‐sensitive Arabidopsis accessions based on disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 did not correlate with bHLH059 polymorphisms. Instead, we found that temperature‐resilient accessions exhibit varying CBP60g and SARD1 expression profiles, potentially revealing CBP60g/SARD1‐dependent and independent mechanisms of immune resilience to warming temperature. We identified thermoresilient accessions that exhibited either temperature‐sensitive or ‐insensitive induction of the SA biosynthetic gene ICS1 (direct target gene of CBP60g and SARD1) and SA hormone levels. Collectively, this study has unveiled the intraspecific diversity of Arabidopsis immune responses under warm temperatures, which could aid in predicting plant responses to climate change and provide foundational knowledge for climate‐resilient crop engineering.
Nucleolar actions in plant development and stress responses
Authors: Lee Soeui , Seo Ye‐Eun , Choi Jeen , Yan Xin , Kim Taewon , Choi Doil , Lee Joo Hyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe nucleolus is conventionally acknowledged for its role in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Recent research has revealed its multifaceted involvement in plant biology, encompassing regulation of the cell cycle, development, and responses to environmental stresses. This comprehensive review explores the diverse roles of the nucleolus in plant growth and responses to environmental stresses. The introduction delves into its traditional functions in rRNA synthesis and potential participation in nuclear liquid–liquid phase separation. By examining the multifaceted roles of nucleolar proteins in plant development, we highlight the impacts of various nucleolar mutants on growth, development, and embryogenesis. Additionally, we reviewed the involvement of nucleoli in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Under abiotic stress conditions, the nucleolar structure undergoes morphological changes. In the context of biotic stress, the nucleolus emerges as a common target for effectors of pathogens for manipulation of host immunity to enhance pathogenicity. The detailed exploration of how pathogens interact with nucleoli and manipulate host responses provides valuable insights into plant stress responses as well as plant growth and development. Understanding these processes may pave the way for promising strategies to enhance crop resilience and mitigate the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses in agricultural systems.
Structure learning for continuous time Bayesian networks via penalized likelihood
Authors: Ca̧kała Tomasz , Miasojedow Błażej , Rejchel Wojciech , Shpak Maryia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContinuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) represent a class of stochastic processes, which can be used to model complex phenomena, for instance, they can describe interactions occurring in living processes, social science models or medicine. The literature on this topic is usually focused on a case when a dependence structure of a system is known and we are to determine conditional transition intensities (parameters of a network). In the paper, we study a structure learning problem, which is a more challenging task and the existing research on this topic is limited. The approach, which we propose, is based on a penalized likelihood method. We prove that our algorithm, under mild regularity conditions, recognizes a dependence structure of a graph with high probability. We also investigate properties of the procedure in numerical studies.
What's Wrong With Family Diversity? Five Cultural Assumptions About the Standard North American Family
Authors: Harris Scott R. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAcceptance of family diversity has increased. However, families that differ from the standard North American family (SNAF) are still confidently portrayed as the cause of numerous social problems, even when evidence may be lacking or mixed. This article describes and critiques five assumptions that inform advocates' claims: the belief that the heterosexual nuclear family is the most (1) real, (2) divine, (3) natural, (4) longstanding, and (5) functional form of kinship. These ideas, though dubious, can exert harmful influence on Americans in their personal lives and in public policymaking.
Living with financial insecurity: Analysing the impact of the cost‐of‐living crisis on older ethnic minority people
Authors: Lewis Camilla , Yarker Sophie , Phillipson Chris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of the cost‐of‐living crisis on older ethnic minority people. The discussion suggests that while the UK is experiencing the greatest living standards crisis in modern times, the pressures facing older people are not new. They should be understood in the context of austerity and the impact of COVID‐19 on the older population, which drastically rationed support of all kinds. The analysis focuses on qualitative data from interviews with older people from ethnic minority backgrounds and community organisations supporting them in Greater Manchester, UK. The findings suggest that the cost‐of‐living crisis is having a particularly profound impact on older Black, Asian and other ethnic minorities, who tend to be poorer, have lower quality housing, lower pensions and are often in poorer health. The inequalities faced by ethnic minority people are driven by entrenched structural and institutional racism and racial discrimination leading to their disproportionate representation in insecure and low‐paid employment, overcrowded housing, and deprived neighbourhoods. The paper argues that the rising cost‐of‐living in the UK is not being uniformly felt, due to inequalities that place ethnic minority groups at a greater risk from high inflation and a stalling economy. To conclude, the paper suggests that since the older population is set to become more ethnically diverse in the years ahead, tackling inequalities between older groups should be a priority as the older population becomes more varied.
Postface: Concluding Remarks on Relevance and Impact of Political Science in Switzerland
Authors: Ingold Karin , Stadelmann‐Steffen Isabelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe feel honored to contribute the postface to this debate which reflects on the relevance and impact of our discipline for the Swiss Political Science Review. In what follows, we have summarized the “take‐home messages” that we identified when reading the debate. We have therefore synthesized those elements of the relevance and impact of political science that should hold true in a more generalizable or global context. In the second part, we put the insights from this debate in a Swiss context, whether academic, political, or societal. Most importantly, we elaborate on the peculiarities of the Swiss system and their implications for Swiss political science to be relevant and create an impact.
The Potential for Political Scientists to Remain Relevant: A Comment on Flinders
Authors: Brans Marleen , Timmermans Arco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBrans and Timmermans respond to Flinders' concerns about the potential irrelevance of political science due to the pressures of impact regimes. Based on a 2018 survey of 12,400 European political scientists, they show that 80% of political scientists actively engage in policy advising. They identify four advisory roles: Pure Academic, Expert, Opinionating Scholar, and Public Intellectual, with most political scientists fitting the Opinionating Scholar type. Contrary to Flinders' fears of depoliticization, most political scientists make normative statements and engage on intrinsically political topics. Rather than being confined to a dyadic relationship with policymakers, their engagements are diverse, targeting civil society actors, government agencies, and think tanks. They are moreover driven by professional duty rather than extrinsic incentives. Based on the study's results the contribution refutes the notion that increased policy engagement leads to irrelevance: political scientists have the potential to maintain criticality and influence in policy advisory systems across Europe.
Chemotherapy affects the development of pathological scarring after general thoracic surgery in children
Authors: Cheng Xinwei , Huang Jiaxi , Shan Shengzhou , He Yining , Zheng Hongkun , Jin Lu , Chen Gang , Zhou Jia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobally, a great number of children have been suffering from physical dysfunction and psychological stress due to uncontrollable scar growth and a lack of effective modalities. Despite chemotherapy's established role as a primary treatment for pathological scarring in adults, its efficacy in preventing or minimizing scar formation in paediatric patients remains underexplored. This retrospective cohort study aimed to refine the relevant clinical evidence and investigate the effect of chemotherapy on pathological scars in children. In this single‐centre retrospective cohort study, the data of children aged ≤18 years who underwent thoracic surgery at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University between 1 January 2018, and 31 December 2021 were assessed. The primary outcome was pathological scarring, and the secondary outcomes were subjective symptoms accompanying pathological scarring, such as pain and itching. To mitigate indication bias, analysis was performed by inverse probability weighting (IPTW) log‐binomial regression models. The cohort comprised 102 children, among whom 36 received adjuvant chemotherapy perioperatively, while 66 did not. Under the IPTW model, a statistically significant difference in pathological scarring incidence was observed between the chemotherapy and non‐chemotherapy groups (16.7% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.027). And the children received chemotherapy post‐operatively had a lower relative risk of pathological scarring, compared with those received chemotherapy both before and after surgery (19.8% vs. 28.8%). Adjuvant chemotherapy treatment after surgery may reduce the incidence of post‐operative pathological scarring in children.
Pathophysiological role of connexin and pannexin hemichannels in neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Vásquez Walter , Toro Carlos A. , Cardozo Christopher P. , Cea Luis A. , Sáez Juan C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA growing body of research has provided evidence thatde novoexpression of connexin hemichannels and upregulation of pannexin hemichannels (Cx HCs and Panx HCs, respectively) in the cytoplasmic membrane of skeletal muscle (sarcolemma) are critical steps in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction of many genetic and acquired muscle diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of Cx and Panx HCs in skeletal muscle, as well as their roles in both muscle physiology and pathologies. Additionally, it addresses existing gaps in knowledge and outlines future challenges in the field.image