bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐model ensemble approach for statistically downscaling general circulation model outputs to precipitation
Authors: Sachindra D. A. , Huang F. , Barton A. F. , Perera B. J. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo statistical downscaling models were developed for downscaling monthly General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs to precipitation at a site in north‐western Victoria, Australia. The first downscaling model was calibrated and validated with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis outputs over the periods of 1950–1989 and 1990–2010 respectively. The projections of precipitation into the future were produced by introducing the outputs of HadCM3, ECHAM5, GFDL2.0 and GFDL2.1, pertaining to A2 and B1 greenhouse gas emission scenarios to this downscaling model. In this model, the input data used in the development and future projections are not homogeneous, as they originate from two different sources. As a solution to this issue, the second downscaling model was developed and precipitation projections into the future were produced with a homogeneous set of inputs. To produce a homogeneous set of inputs to this model, regression relationships were formulated between the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis outputs and the twentieth‐century climate experiment outputs corresponding to the variables used in the first downscaling model obtained from the ensemble consisting of HadCM3, ECHAM5 and GFDL2.0. The outputs of these relationships pertaining to the periods of 1950–1989 and 1990–1999 were used for the calibration and validation of this downscaling model respectively. Using the outputs of HadCM3, ECHAM5 and GFDL2.0 pertaining to A2 and B1 emission scenarios on these relationships, inputs for the second downscaling model pertaining to the period of 2000–2099 were generated. The first downscaling model with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis outputs showed a high Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.75 over the period 1950–1999. When this downscaling model was run with the twentieth‐century climate experiment outputs of HadCM3, ECHAM5, GFDL2.0 and GFDL2.1, it exhibited limited performances over the period 1950–1999, which was indicated by relatively low NSEs of −0.62, −2.54, −0.40 and −0.48 respectively. The second downscaling model displayed an NSE of 0.35 over the period 1950–1999.
Managing changes in requirements: an empirical investigation
Authors: Janes Andrea , Remencius Tadas , Sillitti Alberto , Succi Giancarlo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the challenges of handling changing requirements in software companies. This empirical investigation deals with the different sources of changes and with the different approaches to requirements evolution. We have considered the point of view of 35 managers of software companies interviewed through a questionnaire. The final results highlight some areas to improve requirements engineering and requirements management. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hochbelastbare CFK‐Biege‐ und CFK‐Querkraftträger: Angepasste Balkentheorien höherer Ordnung
Authors: Kroker Andreas M. , Becker Wilfried 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiege‐ und Querkraftträger mit rechteckigem oder I‐förmigem Querschnitt sind im Stahlbau hinlänglich bekannt, jedoch ist bei der Ausbildung der Trägerstege und ‐gurte aus modernen CFK‐Verbund‐Laminaten eine angepasste Strukturmodellbildung erforderlich, um den Besonderheiten des im Allgemeinen anisotropen Leichtbauwerkstoffes CFK adäquat Rechnung zu tragen. Im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projekts “Große, hochbelastbare Biegeträger aus Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden“ sind angepasste Balkentheorien höherer Ordnung formuliert und implementiert worden, die auf einer recht allgemeinen Kinematik mit segmentweise verschiebungsbasierten Ansätzen für die Trägerstege und ‐flansche basieren. Den Besonderheiten unterschiedlichster Laminat‐Lagenaufbauten kann damit adäquat Rechnung getragen werden. In vielen Fällen können damit die Träger‐Deformationen und Beanspruchungen sogar in geschlossen‐analytischer Weise gewonnen werden, ansonsten ist eine wenigstens semi‐analytische Beschreibung möglich. Dies ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf Parameterstudien und die gezielte Trägeroptimierung von großem Vorteil.Highly loaded CFRP‐beams: Adapted higher‐order beam theories. Load carrying beam structures with rectangular or I‐shaped cross‐sections are very common in steel constructions, but in the case of webs and flanges made of modern CFRP composite laminates an adapted new structural modeling is required in order to take into account the peculiarities of the typically anisotropic light weight material CFRP. In the framework of the joint project “Large high‐strength fiber‐reinforced polymer beams”, funded by the German Research Foundation, adapted higher‐order beam theories have been formulated and implemented on the basis of rather general kinematical assumptions with segment‐wise displacement representations for the webs and the flanges. Herewith the peculiarities of very different laminate layups can be taken into account properly. In many cases the beam deformations and stresses even can be given in a closed‐form analytical manner, otherwise at least a semi‐analytical description is possible. In particular in regard of parameter studies and in regard of a well‐aimed beam optimization this is a big advantage.
Demand‐driven propagation‐based strategies for testing changes
Authors: Santelices Raul , Harrold Mary Jean 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYTest‐suite augmentation techniques enhance test suites for software changes. In previous work, we introduced an augmentation technique that enumerates the conditions for the propagation of the effects of changes. Empirical studies showed that this technique can test changes effectively but, because of the high complexity of the technique, the experiments were small and the propagation distances from each change were limited. In this paper, we present a new, demand‐driven approach for performing this propagation‐based testing of changes that achieves much greater distances and that enables larger and more significant studies. We implemented this new approach and studied it on a set of changes in Java programs by comparing, to a larger extent than possible before, propagation‐based strategies with other change testing techniques. Our results confirm, with statistical significance, the superiority of propagation‐based strategies over other techniques, and show that these strategies are especially effective for those changes that are the most difficult to test.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A brief history of stereoscopy
Authors: King R. Duane 
Published: June 2013

We focus on a timeline for stereoscopic visualization. The timeline can be conceived as three distinct eras. The first era was characterized by the full understanding of stereoscopic vision and the development of the stereoscope technology for viewing three dimensional images. The first era was greatly enabled by the simultaneous development of photographic technologies. The second era was characterized by the development of polarized light and anaglyph stereo technology and was mainly manifested with a dramatic outpouring of motion pictures. The third era, the digital era, was developed in connection with virtual reality and scientific data visualization. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:334–340. doi: 10.1002/wics.1264This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Virtual Reality
Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and barriers to the practice of emergency contraception among women in Sikkim, India
Authors: Rahman Hafizur , Khalda Ezzat , Kar Sumit , Kharka Latha , Bhutia Golay Paden 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers associated with the practice of emergency contraception (EC) among women from the state of Sikkim, India.MethodsBetween November 15, 2011, and June 14, 2012, trained female medical officers and interns used a standard questionnaire to interview 1474 women of reproductive age attending 2 outpatient gynecology clinics.ResultsOf those who agreed to participate, 40.6% had ever heard of EC, and EC awareness was particularly low (6.4%) among illiterate women. The most common sources of EC information were electronic media (77.1%), friends and relatives (33.8%), and health personnel (30.4%). Overall, 71.9% of the participants who had heard of EC did not know the timeframe when it should be used. Only 19.6% of the women who had ever heard of EC had adequate knowledge of it, and only 15.1% of these (or 6.1% of the total sample) had ever used EC. The most common barriers to using EC were inadequate knowledge of it, its perceived non‐availability, considering it an abortifacient, and religious beliefs.ConclusionKnowledge and practice of EC was low among the women interviewed. There is a need for intensive information EC on the available methods and their correct timing.
Willingness of pregnant women to participate in a birth cohort study in China
Authors: Qiu Xiu , He Jianrong , Qiu Lan , Larson Charles P. , Xia Huimin , Lam Kin‐Bong H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the willingness of pregnant women in Guangzhou, China, to participate in a large‐scale birth cohort study.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted of 526 pregnant women who attended their first prenatal class at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China, between September 21 and November 15, 2011. Information on demographic characteristics, willingness to participate, and preferences regarding collection procedures and incentives were analyzed.ResultsIn all, 47.9% of the women were willing to participate in a birth cohort study, whereas 23.0% refused and 29.1% were unsure. The majority of the women willing to participate (95.2%–98.4%) accepted the use of non‐invasive data collection methods except for stool collection, and 85.9% would allow their offspring to participate in long‐term follow‐up. Willingness to participate rose to 85.2% when non‐monetary incentives were offered. The most popular incentive was assessment of child development.ConclusionThe willingness of pregnant Chinese women to participate in long‐term observational research was similar to that reported in high‐income countries. Non‐monetary incentives improved their level of willingness, a finding that might inform future maternal and child health research in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
No Justice, No Ships Get Loaded: Political Boycotts on the San Francisco Bay and Durban Waterfronts
Authors: Cole Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUsing a comparative methodology, this essay examines how and why longshore workers in both the San Francisco Bay area and Durban demonstrate a robust sense of working-class internationalism and solidarity. Longshore workers are more inclined than most to see their immediate, local struggles in larger, even global, contexts. Literally for decades, workers in both ports used their power to advocate for racial justice at home and in solidarity with social movements globally. While such notions might seem outdated in the twenty-first century, as unions have been on the decline for some decades, longshore workers grounded their ideals in the reality that they still occupied a central position in global trade. Hence, they combined their leftist and anti-racist ideological beliefs with a pragmatic understanding of their central role in the global economy. While not the norm, these longshore workers’ attitudes and actions demand attention, as they challenge the notion that workers in recent decades are powerless to shape their world.
Determination of antiprotozoal drug mechanisms by metabolomics approaches
Authors: CREEK DARREN J. , BARRETT MICHAEL P. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe discovery, development and optimal utilization of pharmaceuticals can be greatly enhanced by knowledge of their modes of action. However, many drugs currently on the market act by unknown mechanisms. Untargeted metabolomics offers the potential to discover modes of action for drugs that perturb cellular metabolism. Development of high resolution LC-MS methods and improved data analysis software now allows rapid detection of drug-induced changes to cellular metabolism in an untargeted manner. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of untargeted metabolomics to provide unbiased target discovery for antimicrobial drugs, in particular for antiprotozoal agents. Furthermore, the utilization of targeted metabolomics techniques has enabled validation of existing hypotheses regarding antiprotozoal drug mechanisms. Metabolomics approaches are likely to assist with optimization of new drug candidates by identification of drug targets, and by allowing detailed characterization of modes of action and resistance of existing and novel antiprotozoal drugs.
Seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussisin the Mexican population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: CONDE-GLEZ C. , LAZCANO-PONCE E. , ROJAS R. , DeANTONIO R. , ROMANO-MAZZOTTI L. , CERVANTES Y. , ORTEGA-BARRÍA E. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYSerum samples collected during the National Health and Nutrition survey (ENSANUT 2006) were obtained from subjects aged 1–95 years (January–October 2010) and analysed to assess the seroprevalence ofBordetella pertussis(BP) in Mexico. Subjects' gender, age, geographical region and socioeconomic status were extracted from the survey and compiled into a subset database. A total of 3344 subjects (median age 29 years, range 1–95 years) were included in the analysis. Overall, BP seroprevalence was 47·4%. BP seroprevalence was significantly higher in males (53·4%,P = 0·0007) and highest in children (59·3%) decreasing with advancing age (P = 0·0008). BP seroprevalence was not significantly different between regions (P = 0·1918) and between subjects of socioeconomic status (P = 0·0808). Women, adolescents and young adults were identified as potential sources of infection to infants. Booster vaccination for adolescents and primary contacts (including mothers) for newborns and infants may provide an important public health intervention to reduce the disease burden.
Impact of an enhanced antibiotic stewardship on reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in primary and secondary healthcare settings
Authors: ALDEYAB M. A. , SCOTT M. G. , KEARNEY M. P. , ALAHMADI Y. M. , MAGEE F. A. , CONLON G. , McELNAY J. C. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of restricting high-risk antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence rates in a hospital setting. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of reducing fluoroquinolone use in the primary-care setting on MRSA incidence in the community. This was an interventional, retrospective, ecological investigation in both hospital and community (January 2006 to June 2010). Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time-series was employed to evaluate the intervention. The restriction of high-risk antibiotics was associated with a significant change in hospital MRSA incidence trend (coefficient = −0·00561, P = 0·0057). Analysis showed that the intervention relating to reducing fluoroquinolone use in the community was associated with a significant trend change in MRSA incidence in community (coefficient = −0·00004, P = 0·0299). The reduction in high-risk antibiotic use and fluoroquinolone use contributed to both a reduction in incidence rates of MRSA in hospital and community (primary-care) settings.
Developmental potential of in vitro or in vivo matured oocytes
Authors: Alcoba Diego D. , Pimentel Anita M. , Brum Ilma S. , Corleta Helena E. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThis study compared the embryological features of mature and immature oocytes (different stages) collected from stimulated cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Immature oocytes were identified, classified as PI (prophase I – germinal vesicle, GV) or MI (metaphase I), were matured in vitro and fertilized using the intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique. Fertilization potential, cleavage, and subsequent transfer/cryopreservation of the embryos derived from these in vitro matured oocytes were compared with those of in vivo matured oocytes (collected at the MII stage). The characteristics of embryos derived from gametes recovered in the MI and MII stages were similar. The fertilization rate of immature oocytes recovered in PI was significantly lower than that of MII oocytes (P = 0.031), and the cleavage rate of the PI group was also lower than that of the MI (P = 0.004) and MII (P < 0.001) groups. In vitro maturation of MI oocytes is a suitable alternative when immature oocytes are recovered, as their characteristics and development are similar to those of in vivo matured oocytes. Optimization of outcomes for PI oocytes will require development of techniques that can distinguish which of these gametes will mature and fertilize.
Monitoring salt and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010 using 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretions
Authors: Hendriksen Marieke AH , van Raaij Joop MA , Geleijnse Johanna M , den Hooven Caroline Wilson-van , Ocké Marga C , van der A Daphne L 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo monitor the effectiveness of salt-reduction initiatives in processed foods and changes in Dutch iodine policy on Na and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies among adults, conducted in 2006 and 2010, using identical protocols. Participants collected single 24 h urine samples and completed two short questionnaires on food consumption and urine collection procedures. Daily intakes of salt, iodine, K and Na:K were estimated, based on the analysis of Na, K and iodine excreted in urine.SettingDoetinchem, the Netherlands.SubjectsMen and women aged 19 to 70 years were recruited through random sampling of the Doetinchem population and among participants of the Doetinchem Cohort Study (2006:n317, mean age 48·9 years, 43 % men; 2010:n342, mean age 46·2 years, 45 % men).ResultsWhile median iodine intake was lower in 2010 (179 μg/d) compared with 2006 (257 μg/d;P< 0·0001), no difference in median salt intake was observed (8·7 g/d in 2006v. 8·5 g/d in 2010,P= 0·70). In 2006, median K intake was 2·6 g/dv. 2·8 g/d in 2010 (P< 0·01). In this 4-year period, median Na:K improved from 2·4 in 2006 to 2·2 in 2010 (P< 0·001).ConclusionsDespite initiatives to lower salt in processed foods, dietary salt intake in this population remains well above the recommended intake of 6 g/d. Iodine intake is still adequate, although a decline was observed between 2006 and 2010. This reduction is probably due to changes in iodine policy.
Current Use and Developments Needed for Optimal Design in Pharmacometrics: A Study Performed Among DDMoRe's European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Members
Authors: Mentré F , Chenel M , Comets E , Grevel J , Hooker A , Karlsson MO , Lavielle M , Gueorguieva I 
Published: June 2013

Methods and software tools for optimal design in nonlinear mixed effect models, based on the Fisher information matrix, have been developed for a decade.1,2 Academic groups regularly proposed new versions.3–5 Present tools do not incorporate adaptive designs for these models although prior information is needed and adaptive designs are increasingly used in drug development.6 We conducted a study among drug companies of the Drug and Disease Model Resources consortium7 to identify current practices and expectations.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e46; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.19; advance online publication 5 June 2013
Sphenoid Sinus and Sphenoid Bone Fractures in Patients with Craniomaxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Cantini Ardila Jorge Ernesto , Mendoza Miguel Ángel Rivera , Ortega Viviana Gómez 
Published: June 2013

Background and Purpose Sphenoid bone fractures and sphenoid sinus fractures have a high morbidity due to its association with high-energy trauma. The purpose of this study is to describe individuals with traumatic injuries from different mechanisms and attempt to determine if there is any relationship between various isolated or combined fractures of facial skeleton and sphenoid bone and sphenoid sinus fractures. Methods We retrospectively studied hospital charts of all patients who reported to the trauma center at Hospital de San José with facial fractures from December 2009 to August 2011. All patients were evaluated by computed tomography scan and classified into low-, medium-, and high-energy trauma fractures, according to the classification described by Manson. Design This is a retrospective descriptive study. Results The study data were collected as part of retrospective analysis. A total of 250 patients reported to the trauma center of the study hospital with facial trauma. Thirty-eight patients were excluded. A total of 212 patients had facial fractures; 33 had a combination of sphenoid sinus and sphenoid bone fractures, and facial fractures were identified within this group (15.5%). Gender predilection was seen to favor males (77.3%) more than females (22.7%). The mean age of the patients was 37 years. Orbital fractures (78.8%) and maxillary fractures (57.5%) were found more commonly associated with sphenoid sinus and sphenoid bone fractures. Conclusions High-energy trauma is more frequently associated with sphenoid fractures when compared with medium- and low-energy trauma. There is a correlation between facial fractures and sphenoid sinus and sphenoid bone fractures. A more exhaustive multicentric case–control study with a larger sample and additional parameters will be essential to reach definite conclusions regarding the spectrum of fractures of the sphenoid bone associated with facial fractures.
Multialternating graded polynomials and growth of polynomial identities
Authors: Aljadeff Eli , Giambruno Antonio 
Published: June 2013

Let

G
G

be a finite group and

A
A

a finite dimensional

G
G

-graded algebra over a field of characteristic zero. When

A
A

is simple as a

G
G

-graded algebra, by means of Regev central polynomials we construct multialternating graded polynomials of arbitrarily large degree non-vanishing on

A
A

. As a consequence we compute the exponential rate of growth of the sequence of graded codimensions of an arbitrary

G
G

-graded algebra satisfying an ordinary polynomial identity. If

c
n
G

(
A
)
,
n
=
1
,
2
,
…

c_n^G(A), n=1,2,\ldots

, is the sequence of graded codimensions of

A
A

, we prove that

e
x

p
G

(
A
)
=

lim

n
→
∞

c
n
G

(
A
)

n

exp^G(A)=\lim _{n\to \infty }\sqrt [n]{c_n^G(A)}

, the

G
G

-exponent of

A
A

, exists and is an integer. This result was proved by the authors and D. La Mattina in 2011 and by the second author and D. La Mattina in 2010 in the case

G
G

is abelian.
EcoGene-RefSeq: EcoGene tools applied to the RefSeq prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Zhou Jindan , Richardson Andrew J. , Rudd Kenneth E. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Summary: EcoGene.org is a genome database and website dedicated to Escherichia coli K-12 substrain MG1655 that is revised daily using information derived from the biomedical literature and in-house analysis. EcoGene is a major source of annotation updates for the MG1655 Genbank record, one of only a few Genbank genome records that are updated by a community effort. The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database, built by The National Center for Biotechnology Information, comprises a set of duplicate Genbank genome records that can be modified by the NCBI staff annotators. EcoGene-RefSeq is being developed as a stand-alone internet resource to facilitate the usage of EcoGene-based tools on any of the &gt;2400 completed prokaryotic genome records that are currently available at the RefSeq database.
Availability: The web interface of EcoGene-RefSeq is available at http://www.ecogene.org/refseq.
Contact: krudd@med.miami.edu or j.zhou1@miami.edu