bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic transmission and complex neuro developmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Genome‐wide association study of both common and rare variants
Authors: Yang Li , Neale Benjamin M. , Liu Lu , Lee S. Hong , Wray Naomi R. , Ji Ning , Li Haimei , Qian Qiujin , Wang Dongliang , Li Jun , Faraone Stephen V. , Wang Yufeng ,   Psychiatric GWAS Consortium: ADHD Subgroup
Published: May 2013

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex polygenic disorder. This study aimed to discover common and rare DNA variants associated with ADHD in a large homogeneous Han Chinese ADHD case–control sample. The sample comprised 1,040 cases and 963 controls. All cases met DSM‐IV ADHD diagnostic criteria. We used the Affymetrix6.0 array to assay both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Genome‐wide association analyses were performed using PLINK. SNP‐heritability and SNP‐genetic correlations with ADHD in Caucasians were estimated with genome‐wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). Pathway analyses were performed using the Interval enRICHment Test (INRICH), the Disease Association Protein–Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE), and the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). We did not find genome‐wide significance for single SNPs but did find an increased burden of large, rare CNVs in the ADHD sample (P = 0.038). SNP‐heritability was estimated to be 0.42 (standard error, 0.13, P = 0.0017) and the SNP‐genetic correlation with European Ancestry ADHD samples was 0.39 (SE 0.15, P = 0.0072). The INRICH, DAPPLE, and GREAT analyses implicated several gene ontology cellular components, including neuron projections and synaptic components, which are consistent with a neurodevelopmental pathophysiology for ADHD. This study suggested the genetic architecture of ADHD comprises both common and rare variants. Some common causal variants are likely to be shared between Han Chinese and Caucasians. Complex neurodevelopmental networks may underlie ADHD's etiology. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic Monitoring of Oral Therapies in Ethnically Diverse and Economically Disadvantaged Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Consequences of Low Adherence
Authors: Waimann Christian A. , Marengo Maria F. , de Achaval Sofia , Cox Vanessa L. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Araceli , Reveille John D. , Richardson Marsha N. , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo quantify adherence to oral therapies in ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using electronic medication monitoring, and to evaluate the clinical consequences of low adherence.MethodsA total of 107 patients with RA enrolled in a 2‐year prospective cohort study agreed to have their oral RA drug therapy intake electronically monitored using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Adherence to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and prednisone was determined as the percentage of days (or weeks for methotrexate) on which the patient took the correct dose as prescribed by the physician. Patient outcomes were assessed, including function measured by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, disease activity measured by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), health‐related quality of life, and radiographic damage measured using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde scoring method.ResultsAdherence to the treatment regimen as determined by the percentage of correct doses was 64% for DMARDs and 70% for prednisone. Patients who had better mental health were statistically more likely to be adherent. Only 23 of the patients (21%) had an average adherence to DMARDs ≥80%. These patients showed significantly better mean DAS28 values across 2 years of followup than those who were less adherent (3.28 versus 4.09; P = 0.02). Radiographic scores were also worse in nonadherent patients at baseline and at 12 months.ConclusionOnly one‐fifth of RA patients had an overall adherence to DMARDs of at least 80%. Less than two‐thirds of the prescribed DMARD doses were correctly taken. Adherent patients had lower disease activity across the 2 years of followup.
Remarkable Structure Effects on Chiroptical Properties of Polyisocyanides Carrying Proline Pendants
Authors: Xu Anqiu , Hu Guixia , Hu Yulong , Zhang Xiuqiang , Liu Kun , Kuang Guichao , Zhang Afang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChiral polymers with simple chemical structures and high helical conformation stabilities are important for their applications as chiral supports and asymmetrical catalysts. We report herein the synthesis of a series of aliphatic polyisocyanides carrying proline pendants of different chiralities, and an investigation of the effects of the chemical structures of these pendants on the chiroptical properties of the polymers. The configuration of the chiral center at the 4‐position of the proline pendants was changed from S to R to check its effect on the handedness of the helical conformation. To examine the effects of steric hindrance on the stabilities of the helical conformation for these aliphatic representatives, proline pendants with various substituents at both the carboxyl and amine terminals were designed. To further examine the steric effects of the proline pendants, aromatic counterparts were also prepared. In the latter case, the effects of hydrogen bonds between pendant units on the enhancement and stabilities of the helical conformation were investigated by switching from the ester to an amide linkage. The Cotton effects and signal intensities of both aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanides from circular dichroism spectroscopy were compared based on the bulkiness of the pendant groups, solvent polarities, and solution temperatures. It was found that highly stable helical conformations of polyisocyanides could be imposed by small bulky monoproline pendants.
[3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Step in the Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allyl‐(ortho‐alkinylphenyl)methyl Ethers
Authors: Ackermann Martin , Bucher Janina , Rappold Melissa , Graf Katharina , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe gold‐catalyzed conversion of allyl‐(ortho‐alkynylphenyl)methyl ethers was investigated, and allylated isochromenes were obtained. An optimization of the catalysis conditions with respect to different phosphane and carbene ligands on gold, different counterions, and different solvents was conducted. Subsequently, the scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated with 21 substrates. The mechanistic studies show an allylic inversion, as supported by NMR data and an X‐ray crystal structure analysis, as well as an intermolecular reaction, as determined by crossover experiments. There is no competition of protodeauration even in the presence of water. All these observations differ from other related conversions and clearly indicate product formation by a [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement in the step forming the new CC bond.
An effective protein extraction method for two‐dimensional electrophoresis in the anticancer herb Andrographis paniculata Nees.
Authors: Talei Daryush , Valdiani Alireza , Puad Mohd Abdullah 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProteomic analysis of plants relies on high yields of pure protein. In plants, protein extraction and purification present a great challenge due to accumulation of a large amount of interfering substances, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the extraction protocols. A study was conducted to compare four protein extraction and precipitation methods for proteomic analysis. The results showed significant differences in protein content among the four methods. The chloroform–trichloroacetic acid–acetone method using 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer provided the best results in terms of protein content, pellets, spot resolution, and intensity of unique spots detected. An overall of 83 qualitative or quantitative significant differential spots were found among the four methods. Based on the 2‐DE gel map, the method is expected to benefit the development of high‐level proteomic and biochemical studies of Andrographis paniculata, which may also be applied to other recalcitrant medicinal plant tissues.
Different spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interaction between cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Tang Lin , Zhang Dong , Xu Shanhua , Zuo Huijun , Zuo Chunlin , Li Yufei 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAnthocyanin is one of the flavonoid phytopigments that shows strong antioxidant activity. The cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) is one of the principal types of anthocyanins. To understand the interaction between C3G and bovine serum albumin (BSA), fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, circular dichroism and molecular modeling techniques were used. Binding constant (Ka) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated. The quenching mechanism of fluorescence of BSA by C3G was discussed. The results studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism experiments indicate that the secondary structures of the protein have been changed by the interaction of C3G with BSA. The result of molecular modeling confirmed that the C3G bound to the site I (sub‐domain IIA) of BSA, and that the hydroxyl groups in the B ring of C3G took part in the binding with BSA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of transradial cardiac catheterization in patients with end‐stage liver disease
Authors: Jacobs Evan , Singh Vikas , Damluji Abdulla , Shah Neil R. , Warsch Jessica L. , Ghanta Ravi , Martin Paul , Alfonso Carlos E. , Martinez Claudia A. , Moscucci Mauro , Cohen Mauricio G. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundTransradial access may be advantageous for patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) who need to undergo left heart catheterization (LHC). We aimed to assess the safety of transradial cardiac catheterization in patients listed for orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of consecutive adult patients with the diagnosis of ESLD, who underwent LHC via transradial access as part of a pre‐operative liver transplantation evaluation. All the patients also underwent right heart catheterization (RHC) via brachial or femoral vein. The primary outcome measure was procedure‐related major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included access site minor bleeding, in‐hospital mortality, radial access failure, and acute kidney injury.ResultsA total of 82 consecutive patients with ESLD, who underwent LHC via transradial access, were enrolled in the study. All patients also underwent RHC (n = 45 via brachial and n = 37 via femoral vein). The median age was 59 (54, 67) years old, and 58% were male. History of coronary artery disease or heart failure was present in 17% of patients. The median MELD score was 19 (13, 24.5), baseline hemoglobin was 10.5 mg/dL (9.4, 11.8), INR was 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) and platelets were 74,000 (53,000, 117,000)/mm3. The most common etiology of liver failure was viral hepatitis (51%), followed by alcoholic cirrhosis (24%) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (21%). Angiographically significant coronary artery disease was present in 17 (21%) patients. Major bleeding and acute kidney injury each occurred in two patients (2.4%). There were no instances of vascular complications. There were no deaths attributable to complications from cardiac catheterization.ConclusionUpper extremity right and left heart catheterization appears to be a safe method to evaluate coronary anatomy and hemodynamics in a severely ill population of patients with ESLD awaiting transplant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Containing Ionic Liquid‐Based Ordered Mesoporous Organosilica: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Heck Reaction
Authors: Elhamifar Dawood , Karimi Babak , Rastegar Javad , Banakar Mohammad Hossain 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe catalytic application of a novel palladium‐containing periodic mesoporous organosilica with ionic liquid framework (Pd@PMO‐IL‐I) in the Heck cross‐coupling reaction was described. This nanocatalyst was first synthesised and characterised by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption analysis. The efficiency of the Pd@PMO‐IL‐I catalyst was investigated in the Heck cross‐coupling of various aryl halides with alkyl acrylates in the presence of N‐methylpyrolidone at 140 °C. The catalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity with various aryl iodides, aryl bromides, and activated aryl chlorides, which gave the corresponding coupling products in good to excellent yields and with excellent E‐selectivities. Moreover, the recoverability, reusability and the actual nature of the Pd@PMO‐IL‐I catalyst were investigated to show the effect of ionic liquid moieties on the stabilisation of palladium species during the reaction. Our study showed that the catalyst could be recovered and reused at least nine times without any appreciable decrease in activity and selectivity, which confirmed its high efficiency and high stability under the reaction conditions and during recycling stages.
Synthesis of Nanocomposites from Pd0 and a Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Functional Resin Obtained from a Conventional Gel‐Type Precursor
Authors: Jeřábek Karel , Zecca Marco , Centomo Paolo , Marchionda Federico , Peruzzo Luca , Canton Patrizia , Negro Enrico , Di Noto Vito , Corain Benedetto 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHyper‐cross‐linked resins stemming from a gel‐type poly‐chloromethylated poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) resin (GT) have been investigated by a multi‐methodological approach based on elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray microanalysis, and solvent absorption. The hyper‐cross‐linking of the parent resin was accomplished by Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the phenyl rings of the resins with the chloromethyl groups. This produced a permanent pore system comprising both micropores (<2.0 nm in diameter) and mesopores (2.2 nm). The chloromethyl groups that did not react in the hyper‐cross‐linking step were transformed into methylmercaptan groups and the latter were then converted into sulfonic groups by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. By this procedure the extensive permanent porosity of the parent unsulfonated hyper‐cross‐linked polymer (HGT) was retained by the sulfonated polymer (HGTS). The final exchange capacity of HGTS was determined to be 0.36 mmol g−1. HGTS was easily metalated with PdII and the subsequent reduction of the metal centers with either aqueous sodium borohydride, formaldehyde, or dihydrogen produced three Pd0/HGTS nanocomposites. The metal nanoparticles had diameters in the 1–6 nm range for all the nanocomposites, as determined by TEM, but with somewhat different distributions. When formaldehyde was used, more than 90 % of the nanoparticles were less than 3 nm and their radial distribution throughout the polymer beads was quite homogeneous. These findings show that with this reducing agent the metal nanoparticles are generated within the pore system of the polymer matrix, hence their size is controlled by the dimensions of the pores of the polymeric support.
Solvent‐Polarity‐Tuned Morphology and Inversion of Supramolecular Chirality in a Self‐Assembled Pyridylpyrazole‐Linked Glutamide Derivative: Nanofibers, Nanotwists, Nanotubes, and Microtubes
Authors: Jin Qingxian , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe self‐assembly of a low‐molecular‐weight organogelator into various hierarchical structures has been achieved for a pyridylpyrazole linked L‐glutamide amphiphile in different solvents. Upon gel formation, supramolecular chirality was observed, which exhibited an obvious dependence on the polarity of the solvent. Positive supramolecular chirality was obtained in nonpolar solvents, whereas it was inverted into negative supramolecular chirality in polar solvents. Moreover, the gelator molecules self‐assembled into a diverse array of nanostructures over a wide scale range, from nanofibers to nanotubes and microtubes, depending on the solvent polarity. Such morphological changes could even occur for the xerogels in the solvent vapors. We found that the interactions between the pyridylpyrazole headgroups and the solvents could subtly change the stacking of the molecules and, hence, their self‐assembled nanostructures. This work exemplifies that organic solvents can significantly involve the gelation, as well as tune the structure and properties, of a gel.
An improved method for applying the lockhart–martinelli correlation to three‐phase gas–liquid–solid horizontal pipeline flows
Authors: Rahman M.A. , Adane K. Freeman , Sanders R. Sean 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThree‐phase (G/L/S) horizontal pipe flow data collected from the literature are used to evaluate the performance of a number of correlations designed to predict the pipeline pressure gradient. In the present study, a number of popular two‐phase gas–liquid pressure loss correlations were modified for three‐phase flow predictions. The primary modification is to assume that the slurry (L/S) mixture behaves as a singlephase. The modified Dukler and the Beggs and Brill correlations did not provide accurate estimates of the three‐phase pressure gradients. When the classical Lockhart–Martinelli (L–M) correlation was used, along with a kinematic friction loss model to calculate the slurry (L/S) superficial flow pressure gradient, accurate predictions of the three‐phase (G/L/S) pressure gradient were obtained provided the slurry did not exhibit non‐Newtonian behaviour and that Coulombic (sliding bed) friction was negligible. Additional experiments should be conducted before the improved version of the L–M correlation is applied to commercial installations with pipe diameters greater than 100 mm.
Probing the Structural Properties of DNA/RNA Grooves with Sterically Restricted Phosphonium Dyes: Screening of Dye Cytotoxicity and Uptake
Authors: Crnolatac Ivo , Tumir Lidija‐Marija , Lesev Nedyalko Y. , Vasilev Aleksey A. , Deligeorgiev Todor G. , Mišković Katarina , Glavaš‐Obrovac Ljubica , Vugrek Oliver , Piantanida Ivo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo explore in greater detail the recently reported rare kinetic differentiation between homo‐polymeric and alternating AT‐DNA sequences by using sterically restricted phosphonium dyes that form dimers within the DNA minor groove, new analogues were prepared in which the quinolone phosphonium moiety was kept constant, while the size and hydrogen bonding properties of the rest of the molecule were varied. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed that a slight increase in length by an additional methylene unit results in loss of kinetic AT selectivity, but yielded an AT‐selective fluorescence response. These DNA/RNA‐groove‐bound dyes combine very low cytotoxicity with efficient cellular uptake and intriguingly specific fluorescent marking of mitochondria. In contrast to longer analogues, a decrease in length (by methylene unit removal) and rearrangement of positive charge resulted in dyes that had switched to the intercalative binding mode to GC DNA/dsRNA but that still form dimers in the minor groove of AT sequences, consequently yielding a significantly different chiro‐optical response. The latter dyes also revealed strongly selective antiproliferative activity toward HeLa cancer cells.
Increasing our understanding of human cognition through the study of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Cook Denise , Nuro Erin , Murai Keith K. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is considered the most common form of inherited intellectual disability. It is caused by reductions in the expression level or function of a single protein, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), a translational regulator which binds to approximately 4% of brain messenger RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that FXS is a complex disorder of cognition, involving interactions between genetic and environmental influences, leading to difficulties in acquiring key life skills including motor skills, language, and proper social behaviors. Since many FXS patients also present with one or more features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), insights gained from studying the monogenic basis of FXS could pave the way to a greater understanding of underlying features of multigenic ASDs. Here we present an overview of the FXS and FMRP field with the goal of demonstrating how loss of a single protein involved in translational control affects multiple stages of brain development and leads to debilitating consequences on human cognition. We also focus on studies which have rescued or improved FXS symptoms in mice using genetic or therapeutic approaches to reduce protein expression. We end with a brief description of how deficits in translational control are implicated in FXS and certain cases of ASDs, with many recent studies demonstrating that ASDs are likely caused by increases or decreases in the levels of certain key synaptic proteins. The study of FXS and its underlying single genetic cause offers an invaluable opportunity to study how a single gene influences brain development and behavior. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 147–177, 2014
Covariation and repeatability of male mating effort and mating preferences in a promiscuous fish
Authors: Godin Jean‐Guy J. , Auld Heather L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough mate choice by males does occur in nature, our understanding of its importance in driving evolutionary change remains limited compared with that for female mate choice. Recent theoretical models have shown that the evolution of male mate choice is more likely when individual variation in male mating effort and mating preferences exist and positively covary within populations. However, relatively little is known about the nature of such variation and its maintenance within natural populations. Here, using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as a model study system, we report that mating effort and mating preferences in males, based on female body length (a strong correlate of fecundity), positively covary and are significantly variable among subjects. Individual males are thus consistent, but not unanimous, in their mate choice. Both individual mating effort (including courtship effort) and mating preference were significantly repeatable. These novel findings support the assumptions and predictions of recent evolutionary models of male mate choice, and are consistent with the presence of additive genetic variation for male mate choice based on female size in our study population and thus with the opportunity for selection and further evolution of large female body size through male mate choice.