bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shilovite, natural copper(II) tetrammine nitrate, a new mineral species
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Britvin Sergey N. , Möhn Gerhard , Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Nestola Fabrizio , Kasatkin Anatoly V. , Dini Maurizio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe new mineral shilovite, the first natural tetrammine copper complex, was found in a guano deposit located on the Pabellón de Pica Mountain, near Chanabaya, Iquique Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile. It is associated with halite, ammineite, atacamite (a product of ammineite alteration) and thénardite. The gabbro host rock consists of amphibole, plagioclase and minor clinochlore, and contains accessory chalcopyrite. The latter is considered the source of Cu for shilovite. The new mineral occurs as deep violet blue, imperfect, thick tabular to equant crystals up to 0.15 mm in size included in massive halite. The mineral is sectile. Its Mohs hardness is 2. Dcalc is 1.92 g cm–3. The infrared spectrum shows the presence of NH3 molecules and NO3– anions. Shilovite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.527(2), β = 1.545(5), γ = 1.610(2). The chemical composition (electron-microprobe data, H calculated from ideal formula, wt.%) is Cu 26.04, Fe 0.31, N 30.8, O 35.95, H 4.74, total 100.69. The empirical formula is H12.56(Cu1.09Fe0.01)N5.87O6.00. The idealized formula is Cu(NH3)4(NO3)2. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R = 0.029 based upon 2705 unique reflections having F > 4σ(F). Shilovite is orthorhombic, space group Pnn2, a = 23.6585(9), b = 10.8238(4), c = 6.9054(3) Å, V = 1768.3(1) Å3, Z = 8. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I,%) (hkl)] are: 5.931 (41) (400), 5.841 (100) (011), 5.208 (47) (410), 4.162 (88) (411), 4.005 (62) (420), 3.462 (50) (002), 3.207 (32) (031), 2.811 (40) (412).
Ferribushmakinite, Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH), the Fe3+ analogue of bushmakinite from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Nevada
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Adams P. M. , Nash B. P. , Marty J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFerribushmakinite (IMA2014-055), Pb2Fe3+(PO4)(VO4)(OH), the Fe3+ analogue of bushmakinite, is a new mineral from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Iron Point district, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA, where it occurs as a low-temperature secondary mineral in association with plumbogummite, mottramite, Br-rich chlorargyrite and baryte on massive quartz. Ferribushmakinite forms yellow slightly flattened prisms up to 0.2 mm long growing in X and sixling twins. The streak is pale yellow. Crystals are translucent and have adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is ∼2, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular to splintery and crystals exhibit one or two fair cleavages in the [010] zone. The calculated density is 6.154 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses provided: PbO 63.69, CaO 0.07, CuO 1.11, Fe2O3 7.63, Al2O3 1.63, V2O5 12.65, As2O5 3.09, P2O58.63, H2O 1.50 (structure), total 100.00 wt.% (normalized). The empirical formula (based on nine O a.p.f.u.) is: (Pb1.99Ca0.01)Σ2.00(Fe0.66Al0.22Cu0.10)Σ0.98(V0.97P0.85As0.19)Σ2.01O7.84(OH)1.16. Ferribushmakinite is monoclinic, P21/m, a = 7.7719(10), b = 5.9060(7), c = 8.7929(12) Å, β = 111.604(8)°, V = 375.24(9) Å3 and Z = 2. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å (I)(hkl)]: 4.794(46)(011); 3.245(84)(211); 2.947(100)(020,212,103); 2.743(49)(112); 2.288(30)(220); 1.8532(27)(314,403); 1.8084(27)(multiple); and 1.7204(28)(312,114,321). Ferribushmakinite is a member of the brackebuschite supergroup. Its structure (R1 = 3.83% for 577 Fo > 4σF) differs from that of bushmakinite only in the dominance of Fe3+ over Al in the octahedral site.
Kerimasite, {Ca3}[Zr2](SiFe3+2)O12garnet from the Vysoká-Zlatno skarn, Štiavnica stratovolcano, Slovakia
Authors: Uher Pavel , Milovská Stanislava , Milovský Rastislav , Koděra Peter , Bačík Peter , Bilohuščin Vladimír 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKerimasite {Ca3}[Zr2](SiFe23+)O12, a rare member of the garnet supergroup, has been identified in association with andradite–grossular and their hydrated analogues, monticellite, perovskite, clintonite, anhydrite, hydroxylellestadite–fluorellestadite, spinel, magnetite, brucite, valeriite and other minerals from a Ca-Mg skarn in the exocontact of a granodiorite porphyry intrusion in Vysoká-Zlatno Cu-Au skarn-porphyry deposit, the Štiavnica stratovolcano, Central Slovakia. Kerimasite forms euhedral-to-anhedral crystals, 2 to 100 μm across with 0.73–1.62 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.) Zr (16.2–33.6 wt.% ZrO2), 0.34–0.66 a.p.f.u. Ti (4.6–9.3 wt.% TiO2), 0.01 to 0.05 a.p.f.u. Hf (0.4–1.7 wt.% HfO2: the largest Hf content reported in kerimasite), and small amounts of Sn, Sc and Nb (≤0.02 a.p.f.u.). Tetrahedral Si (0.99–1.67 a.p.f.u.; 9.8–18.1 wt.% SiO2) is balanced by 0.85–1.26 a.p.f.u. Fe3+and by 0.46–0.76 a.p.f.u. Al. The crystals commonly show regular, oscillatory concentric zoning or irregular patchy internal textures due to Zr, Ti, Fe, Al and Si variations during growth or partial alteration and dissolution-reprecipitation. The main substitutions in kerimasite areY(Fe,Sc)3++ZSi4+=Y(Zr,Ti,Hf,Sn)4++Z(Fe,Al)3+and Ti4+= Zr4+. Associated andradite locally contains irregular Ti- and Zr-rich zones with ≤11 wt.% TiO2and ≤4.4 wt.% ZrO2. In comparison with common Ca-rich garnets, the micro-Raman spectrum of kerimasite shows that many bands shift towards much lower wavenumbers, either due to Fe3+substitution on theZsite or to the strong influence of neighbouring octahedrally-coordinated Zr4+on internal vibrations of tetrahedra that share oxygens. The formation of kerimasite, monticellite, perovskite and other phases indicate a relatively Ca-rich and Si, Al-poor environment, analogous to other known occurrences of Ca-Zr garnets (Ca-rich skarns and xenoliths, carbonatites). Kerimasite and associated skarn minerals originated during contact-thermal metamorphism of Upper Triassic marl slates with limestone, dolomite, anhydrite and gypsum by Miocene granodiorite porphyry atT≈ 700°C andP≈ 50–70 MPa.
Ferriakasakaite-(La) and ferriandrosite-(La): new epidote-supergroup minerals from Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke , Tomita Norimitsu , Minakawa Tetsuo , Inaba Sachio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe newREE-rich, monoclinic, epidote-supergroup minerals ferriakasakaite-(La) and ferriandrosite-(La), found in tephroite calcite veinlets cutting the stratiform ferromanganese deposit from the Shobu area, Ise City, Mie Prefecture, Japan, were studied using electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Ferriakasakaite-(La), ideallyA1CaA2LaM1Fe3+M2AlM3Mn2+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (Z= 2, space groupP21/m), has a new combination of dominant cations atA1(Ca) andM3(Mn2+), which are the key sites to determine a root name for epidote-supergroup minerals. The unit-cell parameters area= 8.8733(2),b= 5.7415(1),c= 10.0805(3) Å, β = 113.845(2)° andV= 469.73(2) Å3. According to the structural refinement (R1= 3.13%), the determined structural formula isA1(Ca0.54Mn2+0.46)A2[(La0.48Ce0.20Pr0.07Nd0.18Gd0.02)Σ0.95Ca0.05]M1(Fe0.423+V0.343+Al0.18Ti0.064+)M2(Al0.96Fe0.043+)M3(Mn0.502+Fe0.432+Mg0.07)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH). Ferriandrosite-(La), ideallyA1Mn2+A2LaM1Fe3+M2AlM3Mn2+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (Z= 2, space groupP21/m), is theM1Fe3+analogue of androsite. The unit-cell parameters area= 8.8779(1),b= 5.73995(1),c= 10.0875(2) Å, β = 113.899(1)° andV= 469.97(2) Å3, and the structural formula isA1(Mn0.562+Ca0.44)A2[(La0.49Ce0.20Pr0.08Nd0.19Gd0.02)Σ0.97Ca0.03]M1(Fe0.403+V0.283+Al0.20Fe0.052+Ti0.074+)M2(Al0.97Fe0.033+)M3(Mn0.502+Fe0.402+Mg0.10)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH) (R1= 2.93%). The two new minerals, which are compositionally very similar overall, are distinguished by occupancy ofA1, Cavs. Mn2+. The structural properties of these minerals depend not only on theREEcontent atA2, but also on the Mn content atA1.
Ribosomopathies: how a common root can cause a tree of pathologies
Authors: Danilova Nadia , Gazda Hanna T. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDefects in ribosome biogenesis are associated with a group of diseases called the ribosomopathies, of which Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the most studied. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RPs and multiple other factors are necessary for the processing of pre-rRNA, the assembly of ribosomal subunits, their export to the cytoplasm and for the final assembly of subunits into a ribosome. Haploinsufficiency of certain RPs causes DBA, whereas mutations in other factors cause various other ribosomopathies. Despite the general nature of their underlying defects, the clinical manifestations of ribosomopathies differ. In DBA, for example, red blood cell pathology is especially evident. In addition, individuals with DBA often have malformations of limbs, the face and various organs, and also have an increased risk of cancer. Common features shared among human DBA and animal models have emerged, such as small body size, eye defects, duplication or overgrowth of ectoderm-derived structures, and hematopoietic defects. Phenotypes of ribosomopathies are mediated both by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. The current challenge is to identify differences in response to ribosomal stress that lead to specific tissue defects in various ribosomopathies. Here, we review recent findings in this field, with a particular focus on animal models, and discuss how, in some cases, the different phenotypes of ribosomopathies might arise from differences in the spatiotemporal expression of the affected genes.
Regulatory aspects of pilgrimage and religious tourism at the present stage
Authors: Бондаренко Дмитрий , Bondarenko Dmitriy 
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the issues of legal regulation of relations in the field of tourism, especially such varieties
as religious tourism and pilgrimage. The article substantiates the conceptual distinction of these concepts, from
which the need for different approaches and principles for the provision of appropriate tourist services comes. The
author notes the significance of the impact of religious tourism on the economy of individual countries and regions
of the world, and religious centers. In the article there is the analysis of conceptual regulation of tourist activity in
the Russian Federation and it is considered a separate state program of development of tourism and pilgrimage.
The main attention is focused on the lack of legal concept and practice of pilgrimage and, respectively, difficulties,
arising in connection with these issues, in the organization of tourist trips and the provision of travel services of this
thematic trend. Available in Russia legal conflict is that religious organizations have no right to organize pilgrimages,
as they are equated to tourism and operated by tour operators. In the article, specific examples prove why
firms are not always able to efficiently and fully right to organize and conduct a pilgrimage to the Holy places. We
examine why the majority of pilgrimages, organized today, may be defined as an Amateur travel, not full tours.
The author prove the relevance of the Association of Church organizations involved in the formation and promotion
of pilgrimages, which would allow them to use legal mechanisms for liability insurance, obtain a Bank guarantee
in the formation of the tourist product, all these officially allow to implement tour operator activities. The
results of the analysis of the quantitative composition of consumers of religious tourism and pilgrimage indicate
that this product is in great demand and has great prospects for development in Russia. The attention is focused
on the problem of the qualification of pilgrimage tours guides, training of specialized staff for sightseeing ensure of
religious tourism and pilgrimage. The author substantiates the practical significance of the use of network forms
of realization of educational programs for training specialists for the sphere of religious tourism and pilgrimage.
Assessing the potential of cultural tourism in the perm region: problems and solutions
Authors: Ширинкин Павел , Shirinkin Pavel 
Published: August 2015

The paper presents a new methodology for assessing cultural potential of the territory, based on the inventory of
cultural tourism resources, including projects and activities at various levels, and the mathematical apparatus,
which ensures the objectivity of counting, ceteris paribus. An attempt is made to approach to the economic understanding
of the cultural potential of the territory: the farther from the center of the region the municipality is
located, the more money will be needed for the development and the large costs borne both the businessman and
tourist for the “development” of the territory. The distance of the municipality from the centre of the region erected
in a constant and used as the most significant factor in the formula. According to the results of using the technique
presents the ranking of territories of the Perm edge on a high, relatively high, high, medium, low and lowest. On
this basis, each municipality will be able to engage in rational optimization of their position in the ranking of and
the regional authorities will have the possibility of objective funding primarily those areas that are the leaders of
the rating and the poles of the growth of cultural tourism in the province. The method confirmed the following hypothetical
initial submission. For such a complex from the point of view of tourism climatic areas as Perm region,
cultural tourism is not seasonal, it almost year-round, and therefore more promising, even compared to active,
which is trying to make a bid for regional power. Moreover, the potential of cultural tourism may be higher than
the overall tourism potential of the region, in the case where the display object (resource) active tourism is complemented
by animation or theatre, or used in a major cultural event, such as festival. Thus, the method permits to
assess the cultural potential of the territory, both within the region and the individual municipalities to identify
leaders and priority of their financing and entrepreneurial activity.
Activities in the context of social partnership in professional tourism education: relevance and content
Authors: Ананьева Татьяна , Ananeva Tatyana , Илюхина Галина , Ilyukhina Galina , Сахарчук Елена , Sakharchuk Elena 
Published: August 2015

The present article presents the complex issues associated with social-partnerships in the field of specialized tourism
education. In particular, the conclusion which is based on the analysis of educational programs of different
levels and the opinions of experts and specialists in the field of tourism, showed the insufficient level of development
of social partnership, which is reflected in the existing problems in specialized tourism education: lack of practical
orientation of education, the correspondence between the competence characteristics of graduates of educational
institutions of tourism profile and the needs of the labour market, the mismatch between the quantitative indicators
of the labour market needs and graduates of educational institutions in terms of levels of education. The study
also identified the problem of incomplete educational continuity in some areas of tourism education, which definitely
has a negative impact on opportunities for social and academic mobility of students. As a result of identified
problems we developed the content of the various activities in the context of social partnership, which is regarded
as one of the most promising approaches for solving the existing problems of specialist education. The proposed
interpretation of the activities in the context of social partnership in professional tourism education will be conductive
to the level of satisfaction of employers with the results of the educational activities of the institutions; balanced
professional qualification recruitment in the tourism industry, as well as the achievement of the best indicators
of the quality of education and competitiveness of Russian education in the field of tourism.
Dynamics and basic directions of the foreign and entry tourism in Pskov region
Authors: Турченко Елена , Turchenko Elena 
Published: August 2015

Several questions connected with the dynamics and basic directions of the international and inner Russian tourism and also the development of the tourist services in one of the Russian regions — Pskov region are covered in the article. The dynamics of the Pskov tourists&#180; foreign tourism in the period from 2004 to 2012 was analyzed. The most popular destinations and the reasons of the country choice are identified. The foreign tourism was on the low rate before the crisis of the year 2009 but during 2010—2012 the foreign tourism of the Pskov citizens showed its maximum. The leaders in the number of Pskov tourists became the countries which were mostly chosen by the Russians for several years. Among these countries are: Turkey, Egypt and Greece. The analysis of entry of foreign tourists and Russian tourists (from other regions) to Pskov region was carried out. The dynamics of the entry of the foreign tourists was influenced by the economic crisis of 2009 after which the gradual recovery of the entry tourism began. Also Russian regions tourists from which choose Pskov region as a resting-place more often were identified.
The scientific originality of the research is defined by the results of the survey that was held in summer of a year 2014 among the guests of Pskov and was focused on the development of tourism in Pskov region. 120 people were asked, among them were Russian and foreign tourists. In the result of the survey the most visited regions of Pskov region were defined. Also the most visited sights of Pskov were identified. The survey also included the evaluation of the condition of touristic services in the region. The results of the research are supposed to be used in the process of the development of touristic services organization in Pskov region.
Features of the promotional activities of tourism enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Authors: Баранова Наталья , Baranova Natalya , Мезина Людмила , Mezina Ludmila , Зыкова Татьяна , Zykova Tatyana 
Published: August 2015

The article examines the questions of the promotional activities of tourist enterprises in Russia. The authors proceed from the fact that as a result of massive bankruptcies of well-known tour operators and complication of the general economic situation in the country, many tourist companies lose their customers. The situation in the tourist market adversely affected the trust of customers, and now to win it is even more difficult. Under these conditions, the task of maintaining existing consumers and attracting new ones of tourism enterprises is becoming urgent more than ever. According to the authors, the main way to solve this problem is an
advertisement. The article reveals peculiarities of the use of different types of advertising of big and small tourism enterprises. The methodological basis of the paper is the results of promotional activities research of tourism enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod. Competition in the sphere of tourism, including the Nizhny Novgorod market is very high. The study shows that small tourist enterprises do not have sufficient financial means to invest in advertising in the media; their best advertisement is the established relationships with customers and high quality service. At the same time major tourist enterprises that have greater financial possibilities for their promotion, use the most common means of advertising, paying little attention to the new forms and trends in the advertising industry. The results allow the authors to identify ways to promote the services of tourist enterprises at the present stage, especially in the Internet.
Current State of Circulating MicroRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: He Yuqing , Lin Juanjuan , Kong Danli , Huang Mingyuan , Xu Chengkai , Kim Taek-Kyun , Etheridge Alton , Luo Yanhong , Ding Yuanlin , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDNumerous studies have demonstrated the existence of stable regulatory RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), in the circulation and have shown that the spectrum of these extracellular miRNAs is affected by various pathologic conditions including cancers.CONTENTCirculating miRNAs have been the focus of numerous cancer biomarker discovery efforts over the past few years; however, a considerable number of these studies have yielded inconsistent and irreproducible findings. Here, we have summarized and compared the results of studies covering 8 different cancer types to address key questions, including the possibility of using circulating miRNA to detect cancers and what factors may affect miRNA signatures. Although identifying circulating miRNA signatures to detect specific types of early stage cancers can be challenging, study results suggest that it may be possible to use miRNAs to detect cancers in general.SUMMARYCirculating miRNA is a rich source for potential disease biomarkers; however, factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that may affect measurement of circulating miRNA have not been fully characterized. Better understanding of intra- and intercellular miRNA trafficking and the fundamental biology of cancer cell–derived lipid vesicles may facilitate the development of circulating miRNA-based biomarkers for cancer detection and classification.
Analysis of fractional diffusion equations of distributed order: Maximum principles and their applications
Authors: Al-Refai Mohammed , Luchko Yuri 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate and prove the weak and strong maximum principles for a general parabolic-type fractional differential operator with the Riemann–Liouville time-fractional derivative of distributed order. The proofs of the maximum principles are based on an estimate of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative at its maximum point that was recently derived by the authors. Some a priori norm estimates for solutions to initial-boundary value problems for linear and nonlinear fractional diffusion equations of distributed order and uniqueness results for these problems are presented.
Extraction products from var. ‘Soranovskii’
Authors: Il’yasov Sergey G. , Cherkashin Viktor A. , Sakovich Gennady V. , Parkhomenko Dmitri A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe chemical structures of Miscanthus var. ‘Soranovskii’ lignin fractions released via extraction of lignin from the lignocellulosic feedstock using moderately heated acetone under atmospheric pressure, without acidic and alkaline catalysts, were studied. A blend of Miscanthus stems and leaves was pretreated with water under thermobaric conditions. The acetone organosolv process subsequently afforded a substance related to a lignin-like matter-acetone organosolv Miscanthus lignin (AOML). Non-destructive analytical techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and 2D NMR were used. The IR and NMR spectroscopies revealed the AOML structure to comprise all the three major types of phenylpropane units: guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H). The resultant acetone-organosolv lignin exhibits good solubility in polar solvents, moderate solubility in aromatic chemicals, and is insoluble in non-polar solvents, exhibiting the physicochemical properties of a thermoplastic polymer with a softening point of 67.0°C (onset 33.0°C, endset 81.5°C).