bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment to Inflammatory Foci following Leishmania infantum Infection
Authors: Sacramento Laís , Trevelin Silvia C. , Nascimento Manuela S. , Lima-Jùnior Djalma S. , Costa Diego L. , Almeida Roque P. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Silva João S. , Carregaro Vanessa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Leishmania infantum
is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This infection triggers dendritic cell (DC) activation through the recognition of microbial products by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Among the TLRs, TLR9 is required for DC activation by different
Leishmania
species. We demonstrated that TLR9 is upregulated
in vitro
and
in vivo
during infection. We show that C57BL/6 mice deficient in TLR9 expression (TLR9
−/−
mice) are more susceptible to infection and display higher parasite numbers in the spleen and liver. The increased susceptibility of TLR9
−/−
mice was due to the impaired recruitment of neutrophils to the infection foci associated with reduced levels of neutrophil chemoattractants released by DCs in the target organs. Moreover, both Th1 and Th17 cells were also committed in TLR9
−/−
mice. TLR9-dependent neutrophil recruitment is mediated via the MyD88 signaling pathway but is TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon beta (TRIF) independent. Furthermore,
L. infantum
failed to activate both plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs from TLR9
−/−
mice, which presented reduced surface costimulatory molecule expression and chemokine release. Interestingly, neutrophil chemotaxis was affected both
in vitro
and
in vivo
when DCs were derived from TLR9
−/−
mice. Our results suggest that TLR9 plays a critical role in neutrophil recruitment during the protective response against
L. infantum
infection that could be associated with DC activation.
Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems That Regulate the Temporal and Spatial Expression of Myxococcus xanthus Sporulation Genes
Authors: Sarwar Zaara , Garza Anthony G. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

When starved for nutrients,
Myxococcus xanthus
produces a biofilm that contains a mat of rod-shaped cells, known as peripheral rods, and aerial structures called fruiting bodies, which house thousands of dormant and stress-resistant spherical spores. Because rod-shaped cells differentiate into spherical, stress-resistant spores and spore differentiation occurs only in nascent fruiting bodies, many genes and multiple levels of regulation are required. Over the past 2 decades, many regulators of the temporal and spatial expression of
M. xanthus
sporulation genes have been uncovered. Of these sporulation gene regulators, two-component signal transduction circuits, which typically contain a histidine kinase sensor protein and a transcriptional regulator known as response regulator, are among the best characterized. In this review, we discuss prototypical two-component systems (Nla6S/Nla6 and Nla28S/Nla28) that regulate an early, preaggregation phase of sporulation gene expression during fruiting body development. We also discuss orphan response regulators (ActB and FruA) that regulate a later phase of sporulation gene expression, which begins during the aggregation stage of fruiting body development. In addition, we summarize the research on a complex two-component system (Esp) that is important for the spatial regulation of sporulation.
GtrA Protein Rv3789 Is Required for Arabinosylation of Arabinogalactan in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kolly Gaëlle S. , Mukherjee Raju , Kilacsková Emöke , Abriata Luciano A. , Raccaud Mahé , Blaško Jaroslav , Sala Claudia , Dal Peraro Matteo , Mikušová Katarína , Cole Stewart T. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
possesses a thick and highly hydrophobic cell wall principally composed of a mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex, which is critical for survival and virulence. DprE1 is a well-characterized component of decaprenyl-phospho-ribose epimerase, which produces decaprenyl-phospho-arabinose (DPA) for the biosynthesis of mycobacterial arabinans. Upstream of
dprE1
lies
rv3789
, which encodes a short transmembrane protein of the GtrA family, whose members are often involved in the synthesis of cell surface polysaccharides. We demonstrate that
rv3789
and
dprE1
are cotranscribed from a common transcription start site situated 64 bp upstream of
rv3789
. Topology mapping revealed four transmembrane domains in Rv3789 and a cytoplasmic C terminus consistent with structural models built using analysis of sequence coevolution. To investigate its role, we generated an unmarked
rv3789
deletion mutant in
M. tuberculosis
. The mutant was characterized by impaired growth and abnormal cell morphology, since the cells were shorter and more swollen than wild-type cells. This phenotype likely stems from the decreased incorporation of arabinan into arabinogalactan and was accompanied by an accumulation of DPA. A role for Rv3789 in arabinan biosynthesis was further supported by its interaction with the priming arabinosyltransferase AftA, as demonstrated by a two-hybrid approach. Taken together, the data suggest that Rv3789 does not act as a DPA flippase but, rather, recruits AftA for arabinogalactan biosynthesis.

IMPORTANCE
Upstream of the essential
dprE1
gene, encoding a key enzyme of the decaprenyl phospho-arabinose (DPA) pathway, lies
rv3789
, coding for a short transmembrane protein of unknown function. In this study, we demonstrated that
rv3789
and
dprE1
are cotranscribed from a common transcription start site located 64 bp upstream of
rv3789
in
M. tuberculosis
. Furthermore, the deletion of
rv3789
led to a reduction in arabinan content and to an accumulation of DPA, confirming that Rv3789 plays a role in arabinan biosynthesis. Topology mapping, structural modeling, and protein interaction studies suggest that Rv3789 acts as an anchor protein recruiting AftA, the first arabinosyl transferase. This investigation provides deeper insight into the mechanism of arabinan biosynthesis in mycobacteria.
Mapping patients’ experiences from initial symptoms to gout diagnosis: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Liddle Jennifer , Roddy Edward , Mallen Christian D , Hider Samantha L , Prinjha Suman , Ziebland Sue , Richardson Jane C 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo explore patients’ experiences from initial symptoms to receiving a diagnosis of gout.DesignData from in-depth semistructured interviews were used to construct themes to describe key features of patients’ experiences of gout diagnosis.Participants and settingA maximum variation sample of 43 UK patients with gout (29 men; 14 women; age range 32–87 years) were recruited from general practices, rheumatology clinics, gout support groups and through online advertising.ResultsSevere joint pain, combined with no obvious signs of physical trauma or knowledge of injury, caused confusion for patients attempting to interpret their symptoms. Reasons for delayed consultation included self-diagnosis and/or self-medication, reluctance to seek medical attention, and financial/work pressures. Factors potentially contributing to delayed diagnosis after consultation included reported misdiagnosis, attacks in joints other than the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and female gender. The limitations in using serum uric acid (SUA) levels for diagnostic purposes were not always communicated effectively to patients, and led to uncertainty and lack of confidence in the accuracy of the diagnosis. Resistance to the diagnosis occurred in response to patients’ beliefs about the causes of gout and characteristics of the people likely to be affected. Diagnosis prompted actions, such as changes in diet, and evidence was found of self-monitoring of SUA levels.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report data specifically about patients’ pathways to initial consultation and subsequent experiences of gout diagnosis. A more targeted approach to information provision at diagnosis would improve patients’ experiences.
A distribution model of the responses to each depressive symptom item in a general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tomitaka Shinichiro , Kawasaki Yohei , Furukawa Toshiaki 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveSome researchers have reported that distribution of total depressive symptom scores in the general population may follow an exponential pattern except at the lowest end of the scores. To understand the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, we investigated the mathematical patterns of the individual distributions for each item of a depressive symptom scale.MethodsWe analysed data from 32 022 participants in the general population who participated in the Active Survey of Health and Welfare, Japan. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Japanese version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CES-D has 20 items, each of which is scored in 4 grades: ‘Rarely’, ‘Some’, ‘Much’ and ‘Most of the time’.ResultsThe individual distributions of 16 negative items belonging to the depressive mood, somatic symptoms and retarded activities, and interpersonal relations categories, followed a common mathematical pattern, which displayed different distributions with a boundary at ‘Some’. The distributions for the 16 items between ‘Rarely’ and ‘Some’ appeared to cross at a single point. On the other hand, the distributions of the 16 items between ‘Some’ and ‘Most’ followed a linear pattern when plotted using a log-normal scale. The remaining 4 items in the positive affect subscale showed non-specific patterns.ConclusionsThe common mathematical pattern of the 16 negative item distributions may contribute to the exponential pattern of the distribution of total depressive symptom scores except at the lowest end of the scores.
Hemodynamics during anesthesia for intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Jagani Manoj , Brinjikji Waleed , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Pasternak Jeffrey J , Kallmes David F 
Published: September 2015

Background and purposeMany studies have suggested a relationship between the type of anesthesia provided during intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke and patient outcomes. Variability in blood pressure and hypotension have previously been identified as possible reasons for worse outcomes in acute stroke. Our aim was to investigate hemodynamic parameters and neurological outcomes of patients receiving either general anesthesia or conscious sedation for intra-arterial therapy of acute stroke.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing intra-arterial therapy from December 2008 to March 2015. Demographic data, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, preoperative physiological variables, procedural details, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and modified Rankin Scale scores were recorded.Results99 patients were included in the study, with 38 receiving general anesthesia and 61 receiving conscious sedation. Patients who received general anesthesia had a lower maximum SBP (p=0.02), minimum SBP (p<0.0001), minimum DBP (p<0.0001), and minimum MAP (p<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, general anesthesia was associated with lower minimum SBP (p=0.04), DBP (p=0.02), and MAP (p=0.007). Conscious sedation was associated with more favorable neurological outcomes (p=0.02). Patients with favorable neurological outcomes had a lower maximum variability in SBP (p=0.01) and MAP (p=0.03), as well as a higher minimum DBP (p=0.03).ConclusionsPatients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing intra-arterial therapy with general anesthesia had lower minimum SBP, DBP, and MAP, greater fluctuations in blood pressure, and less favorable outcomes. More studies are needed to examine the implications of variable and reduced blood pressures and neurological outcomes.
A CFD Application of NewWave Theory to Wave-in-Deck Simulation
Authors: Wu Yan Ling , Stewart Graham , Chen Yu , Gullman-Strand Johan , Lv Xin , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: September 2015

For existing offshore fixed platforms it is often the case that the air gap between the deck and the sea surface is not adequate and the extreme waves will encroach on the deck resulting in large wave-in-deck loads. Factors that result in inadequate air gap are seabed subsidence, sea-level increasing due to climate change and more onerous predictions of extreme crest heights. In this paper, a numerical approach based on NewWave theory [Tromans et al. (1991), Proc. 1st Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., Vol. 3, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 64–71] has been developed to represent the extreme wave conditions and implemented into the framework of an open source software, OpenFOAM, to predict the wave-in-deck loading. The results have been compared with published FLOW-3D simulations using Stoke’s 5th order wave theory for a simple box representing the Ekofisk platform deck in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea [Iwanowski et al. (2002), Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Offshore Mechanics and Artic Engineering, June 23–28, 2002, Oslo, Norway].
Chapter 17 Seismic activity on São Miguel Island volcano-tectonic structures (Azores archipelago)
Authors: Silva R. , Ferreira T. , Medeiros A. , Carmo R. , Luis R. , Wallenstein N. , Bean C. , Sousa R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

São Miguel, the largest island of the Azores, corresponds to one of the most seismically active areas within the archipelago. During historical times it was affected at least six times by destructive earthquakes, which were responsible for thousands of deaths. Several seismic crises are related both to volcanic eruptions and unrest episodes, being the cause of significant damage over more restricted areas. The central region of the island has been the most active in recent years and is characterized by the occurrence of seismic swarms, generally with low-magnitude events (M
D
≤2), that are clustered both spatially and temporally. A significant relevant seismic swarm occurred between May and September 2005 and was associated with an episode of volcanic unrest. Another part of the seismicity recorded on São Miguel is associated with submarine volcano-tectonic structures that are located near the island, some of which are the source of the strongest earthquakes. The spatial distribution of
b
-values shows that high values (i.e.
b
>1) are mainly associated with the Fogo–Congro region, whereas low
b
-values (i.e. <1) are more common offshore. The spatial distribution of
b
-values in the Fogo–Congro region is suggestive of the existence of material and/or stress heterogeneities, and this is supported by a mixture of fault plane solutions.
Chapter 22 Use of geothermal resources in the Azores islands: a contribution to the energy self-sufficiency of a remote and isolated region
Authors: Rangel G. , Ponte C. , Franco A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Geothermal power has become the most important source of renewable energy in the Azores and, in recent years, has consistently represented about 20% of the islands’ electrical generation capacity. Continued success of the region's energy policy will require maximization of the use of this clean, indigenous resource to increase the energy self-sufficiency of the Azores islands.
Chapter 4 Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in the Azores region: geodynamic implications from major historical events and instrumental seismicity
Authors: Gaspar J. L. , Queiroz G. , Ferreira T. , Medeiros A. R. , Goulart C. , Medeiros J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Since the settlement of the archipelago, in the fifteenth century, 31 destructive earthquakes and 28 volcanic eruptions have been registered in the Azores. Major earthquakes occurring in historical times have reached magnitudes >7, often triggering landslides and even small tsunamis. In the same period, subaerial volcanic eruptions have ranged from Hawaiian to sub-Plinian, sometimes with a hydromagmatic character, while submarine eruptions have been Azorean to Surtseyan in style. The temporal and spatial distributions of major historical events are presented and their impacts summarized.
The instrumental seismic activity registered since 1980 is discussed taking into account the main volcano-tectonic structures. These seismological data allow us to improve the characterization of the present-day boundary between the Eurasia and Nubia lithospheric plates, herein defined as the East Azores Volcano-Tectonic System. The seismological data also suggest that the location of the Azores Triple Junction is to the west of Faial Island, at about 38° 50′ N, 30° 25′ W, in agreement with proposals made by other authors using aeromagnetic data. A natural seismic gap, centred in the São Jorge structural alignment, is recognized and is interpreted as a zone of stress accumulation with the potential to generate a high-magnitude earthquake similar to that of 1757.
Late Quaternary coastal landscape morphology and evolution of the Maltese Islands (Mediterranean Sea) reconstructed from high-resolution seafloor data
Authors: Foglini Federica , Prampolini Mariacristina , Micallef Aaron , Angeletti Lorenzo , Vandelli Vittoria , Deidun Alan , Soldati Mauro , Taviani Marco 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The current strong motivation to explore those traces of the archaeological and prehistoric human heritage that presently lie submerged on the continental shelf requires large-scale and precise underwater mapping. One Mediterranean sector deserving particular attention is the Sicily Channel, which is critical for a better understanding of the Africa–Europe migratory routes and early civilization patterns due to its large expanses of shallow seabed that were partially or totally exposed at times of lower relative sea levels. We have focused our attention on the submerged continental margin of the Maltese archipelago. A detailed bathymetric map is here presented, and is discussed in terms of features interpretable as former subaerial landforms and inundated by sea-level rise following the Last Glacial Maximum lowstand at approximately –130 m. Our datasets combine multibeam surveys, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR)-derived digital terrain models (DTMs), Chirp sub-bottom profiler records and bottom samples acquired between 2009 and 2012. The main features identified are former river incisions, alluvial plains, karst landscapes (sinkholes, limestone plateaus), slide deposits and palaeoshorelines. This study provides a detailed topographical reconstruction of the palaeolandscape of this key region that is relevant to any future archaeological exploration of the Maltese offshore area.
O SONHO DA RAZÃO: O DIÁLOGO INTERARTES E A FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR EM GÉMEOS, DE MÁRIO CLÁUDIO
Authors: Jacob Sheila Ribeiro 
Published: September 2015

<p>Este artigo propõe uma leitura do romance <em>Gémeos</em>, do escritor português Mário Cláudio, a partir do diálogo que a obra literária estabelece com alguns quadros do pintor espanhol Goya. Veremos como, a partir da interação entre distintas formas de produção artística, o texto possibilita que se questionem os limites e as possibilidades da linguagem ficcional, explicitando os processos de criação e formando, assim, um leitor atento, que precisa sair de uma situação confortável para tornar-se produtor de conhecimento. </p>
Serviços industriais no Estado de São Paulo: denso tecido de interações espaciais
Authors: Barros Amanda Mergulhão 
Published: September 2015

<span>Maiores grau de abertura da economia, acirramento da concorrência, inovação tecnológica contribuem para alterar as relações de produção industriais. Intensificam-se as relações entre fábricas paulistas que produzem bens e serviços para outras indústrias, parcela importante dos chamados </span><em>Serviços Industriais</em><span>. Preocupados com esta dinâmica, selecionamos mais de 700 empresas industriais paulistas separadas por ramos de atividade, tamanho e município. Identificamos os principais fluxos que partem dos municípios paulistas em direção a outras regiões, dentro e fora do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram concentração crescente na macrometrópole e na região metropolitana da capital conforme se acentua a intensificação tecnológica necessária para o desempenho da atividade. </span>
A contribuição do método regressivo-progressivo na análise de Henri Lefebvre. O Vale de Campan. Estudo de Sociologia Rural
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina Mota 
Published: September 2015

<p>O artigo analisa <em>O Vale de Campan. Estudo de sociologia rural, </em>de Henri Lefebvre. As atribuições de método aparecem como síntese e momento importante da pesquisa primária sobre as comunidades camponesas nos Pireneus, sul da França. Contribuição que expõe como tese principal o movimento do método regressivo-progressivo como sistematização do autor. A crise das categorias, que sintetizam o Estado nacional, território, camponeses, etc., e suas determinações, desvela a reprodução social crítica e contraditória de mobilização da terra e renda da terra, uma contribuição ímpar sobre as condições históricas sociológicas.</p><p> </p>
O homem e a terra: solidariedade na vida econômica
Authors: Miklós Andreas Attila Wolinsk 
Published: September 2015

<span>Parte-se aqui do funcionamento biodinâmico da paisagem tropical em síntese fenomenológica goethiana, envolvendo a ação da água e dos seres vivos sobre o reino mineral. Na sequência, processos vitais de suma importância, em escala global, ligados aos elementos essenciais à vida são desvelados, de maneira a configurar uma síntese fenomenológica de recursos naturais na atualidade. Um balanço da polaridade associação </span><em>versus</em><span> dissociação enquanto fenômeno vital global é apresentado destacando os processos dominantes no seio da natureza. Subsequentemente, a trama social capitalista é analisada em sua tripartição cultural, político-jurídica e econômica e diagnósticos e prognósticos fenomenológicos são estabelecidos: do funcionamento da trama social e da relação natureza </span><em>versus</em><span> sociedade. No final, os fenômenos desvelados na natureza e na sociedade são colocados lado a lado; cruzam-se os dados. Os resultados assim obtidos permitem diagnosticar a falência da dinâmica social capitalista e prognosticar a necessidade de uma dinâmica social inédita: a solidariedade na vida econômica.</span>
Por quem os rios secam?
Authors: Amorim Anália M. M. C. 
Published: September 2015

<p>Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as obras que são adotadas para o combate às secas da região Nordeste do Brasil. Deriva da tese de doutorado “Habitar o Sertão”, (AMORIM, 2001), desenvolvida na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, sob a orientação do Professor Dr. Sylvio Sawaya. Traz duas abordagens. A primeira chama a atenção para as formas pelas quais se dá a distribuição da população brasileira. Longe de esgotar o assunto, seu cerne questiona o modo vetorial de se planejar o crescimento econômico sobre o território nacional. A segunda abordagem, a que este artigo dedica maior ênfase, busca refletir sobre uma forma possível de gerir a água no Semiárido nordestino, e de como esta forma poderá gerar riqueza material, por meio de conquistas técnicas e humanas. Para tanto, chama a atenção para os princípios que regem os dispositivos técnicos e espaciais adotados no Projeto Habitar o Sertão. O objetivo do artigo é propor uma possível correção de rota na política de condução das águas no Semiárido brasileiro, assim como refletir sobre as possíveis consequências dessa decisão na redistribuição populacional no Brasil.</p>