bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar farm development in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jones Peter , Hillier David , Comfort Daphne 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Solar energy is the most abundant of all renewable energy sources and the development pressures for solar farms have grown rapidly in the last five years within the UK. With this in mind the purpose of this paper is to offer a general review of solar farm development in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper begins with a description of the characteristics of solar farms, outlines the solar farm market in the UK and discusses the planning policies and issues associated with solar farm development.

Findings
– The paper reveals that solar farms have been developed on both agricultural land and brownfield sites and that the development pressures are greatest in the southwest and southeast of England. While national and local authority planning policies generally promote renewable energy schemes, proposals for the development of solar farms have raised a wide range of planning issues. These include impacts on land, landscape and visual amenity; ecology and nature conservation: cultural heritage and historic environment; construction traffic and highways; security; economic benefits; and potential economic and social impacts within the community.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an accessible review of the development of solar farms within the UK and as such it will be of value to developers, land and property professionals and students.
Why I think shadowing is the best field technique in management and organization studies
Authors: Czarniawska Barbara 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the value of shadowing as a field technique.

Design/methodology/approach
– This piece takes the form of a viewpoint.

Findings
– Barbara Czarniawska describes the methodological journey that led her to the adoption of shadowing approaches in her organizational research.

Originality/value
– This invited commentary is informed by extensive experience of using shadowing to gather data in organizational settings.
The shadow
Authors: F. Wolcott Harry 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explain the origins of the term “shadow.”

Design/methodology/approach
– This piece takes the form of a viewpoint.

Findings
– Harry Wolcott reflects on how the term “shadow” was coined by colleagues of the school principal he was following.

Originality/value
– This piece is believed to be Harry Wolcott's final contribution to the field of shadowing before he sadly passed away on 31 October 2012.
Mitigating supply chain disruptions – a normal accident perspective
Authors: A. Marley Kathryn , T. Ward Peter , A. Hill James 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– Existing supply chain literature provides examples of countermeasures that firms can adopt to mitigate abnormal or catastrophic supply chain disruptions. However, none address reducing interactive complexity prior to adopting countermeasures to mitigate everyday or normal supply chain disruptions. Most mitigation strategies focus on adding capabilities or resources to protect an organization. Here, the authors aim to consider an alternative strategy of examining current processes to determine whether processes can be simplified by using the normal accident theory and its constructs of interactive complexity and coupling as a theoretical basis.Design/methodology/approach– The authors develop a model based on the normal accident theory and use logistic regression to test their propositions in the context of a steel processing plant and its customers.Findings– The findings show the importance of reducing interactive complexity to mitigate supply chain disruptions. However, high inventory is not considered a significant countermeasure, and high inventory levels may increase the likelihood of causing a disruption downstream. These findings support the lean management approach of operating under low inventory levels while eliminating complexity to make problems more visible, causing fewer disruptions.Originality/value– While others have examined the impact of mitigation strategies conceptually, no study has captured information from actual supply chain disruptions to assess how interactive complexity and inventory levels affect disruption potential at downstream customers' facilities. Capturing information from supply chain disruptions enables managers to assess the situation as the disruption is occurring. The authors suggest a strategy in which countermeasures that increase slack in the system should be considered only after the system is sufficiently simplified to mitigate disruptions.
Mitigation processes – antecedents for building supply chain resilience
Authors: Scholten Kirstin , Sharkey Scott Pamela , Fynes Brian 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to combine theory and practice to develop an integrated supply chain resilience framework by investigating the inter-dependencies between the strategic literature based concept of supply chain resilience and operational practitioner based disaster management processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– Utilising an in-depth qualitative case of a collaborative agency, this study identifies best practices within disaster management for insights on the operationalisation of supply chain resilience.

Findings
– The empirical data leads to the development of an integrated supply chain resilience framework capturing the interplay of disaster management processes and capabilities required to build supply chain resilience. The critical importance of mitigation processes in building supply chain resilience is highlighted.

Practical implications
– The generic supply chain resilience framework represents a valuable guide for managers when directing resources and planning for building the capabilities required in each phase of disaster management, while remaining strategically focused. The value of the framework is demonstrated by a retrospective analysis of aid operations in response to Hurricane Katrina.

Originality/value
– The study's results are the first to bridge theory and practice on supply chain resilience. By utilising the unique humanitarian aid disaster supply chain management context, a two-way knowledge and learning flow between humanitarian and commercial organisations is established.
Corrosion of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu thin films on Cu substrates in alkaline solution
Authors: Mei Lee Liu , Firdaus Mohd Nazeri Muhammad , Haliman Habsah , Azmin Mohamad Ahmad 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the corrosion behaviors of SAC305 thin film solder alloy in 6 M KOH solution.Design/methodology/approach– The corrosion behavior of bare Cu, as-deposited SAC305/Cu and as-reflowed SAC305/Cu thin films at varying temperatures, was investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization in a 6 M KOH solution. The microstructure, phase and thickness of the intermetallic compounds formed were determined before and after polarization.Findings– Bare Cu was found to possess the best corrosion resistance, whereas the as-deposited SAC305/Cu had the lowest corrosion resistance. As-reflowed SAC305/Cu with an exposed Cu3Sn layer exhibited better corrosion resistance than did Cu6Sn5. The Ag3Sn phase has the noblest characteristic because it was retained and did not dissolve in the KOH solution. All of the samples contained the corrosion products of oxide. Bare Cu obeys the well-known duplex structure of a Cu2O/CuO, Cu(OH)2layer. For as-reflowed SAC305/Cu, the corroded surface was also mainly composed of SnO and SnO2.Originality/value– New analysis on the polarization of thin film characteristics of SAC305 lead-free solder in alkaline solution.
Hydrology, shore morphology and species traits affect seed dispersal, germination and community assembly in shoreline plant communities
Authors: van Leeuwen Casper H. A. , Sarneel Judith M. , van Paassen José , Rip Winnie J. , Bakker Elisabeth S. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Seed dispersal and germination are two primary processes influencing plant community assembly. On freshwater shores, water levels regulate both processes. However, it is still unclear how water levels, shore morphology and species traits interactively affect seed dispersal and germination, and how these interactions determine plant community assembly. We hypothesize that a drawdown water regime enhances seed establishment compared to a year‐round stable water level, that this increases species richness and diversity, and that this is modulated by species traits and shore morphology.

Germination of 20 wetland plant species with different dispersal capacities (floating capacity expressed as seed floatation half‐time) and soil moisture preferences for germination (Ellenberg F) was tested on artificial shores in 24 outdoor ponds in two complementary experiments over 8 weeks. The ‘dispersal experiment’ tested the effect of water regime on recruitment of hydrochorously dispersing seeds. The ‘seed bank experiment’ tested the effect of water regime on germination from a sown seed bank, on steep and gradual shores.

In the dispersal experiment, the drawdown regime increased recruitment and species richness. Longer floating species colonized a larger shoreline section. Soil moisture preference for germination did not determine colonization patterns.

In the seed bank experiment, the drawdown regime increased the number of seedlings on gradual sloping shores, but not on steep shores. The number of germinating seedlings corresponded to the area subjected to the drawdown regime in both shore types. Species richness was not affected by water regime or shore morphology, and species traits did not determine shoreline colonization. Most seeds germinated in moist soil conditions for all species.

Synthesis. A spring drawdown instead of stable water regime stimulates establishment of hydrochorously dispersing seeds in temperate wetlands, leading to higher species richness and diversity. Germination from the seed bank is more affected by water regime and shore surface than by the tested species traits. Species traits, water levels and shore morphology together determine wetland plant community assembly, with dispersal as the main driver of seedling community diversity. Water‐level regulations and shore morphology can be used to influence plant communities in wetland restoration.
Government Expenditures, Health Outcomes and Marginal Productivity of Agricultural Inputs: The Case of Tanzania
Authors: Allen Summer , Badiane Ousmane , Sene Ligane , Ulimwengu John 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of health expenditures on agricultural labour productivity in order to inform the necessary policy decisions about targeting scarce public resources towards their most effective uses. We link health sector expenditures in rural Tanzania to health outcomes and agricultural labour productivity using data from the 2008 Household Budget Survey (10,975 households) and the 2007/08 Agricultural Census (52,594 households) across 113 districts in Tanzania. The results indicate that the marginal productivity of labour as well as land and fertilisers respond significantly to health expenditures. However, the magnitude of the response varies across types of disease, categories of expenditures and agricultural inputs. These findings suggest both the need and scope for targeting public expenditures in the health sector to achieve better agricultural growth outcomes.
The Use of an Alternate Light Source for Detecting Bones Underwater
Authors: Christensen Angi M. , Horn Kevin J. , Smith Victoria A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhen searching underwater crime scenes or disaster scenes for fragmentary human remains, it may be advantageous for forensic divers to be able to detect the presence of bones and teeth among other marine materials (such as shells and rocks). In terrestrial environments, this can typically be accomplished by visual and instrumental methods, but underwater conditions make it difficult to employ detection and sorting techniques in these environments. This study investigates fluorescence of bones and teeth and other marine materials using a submersible alternate light source (ALS) and concludes that an ALS can be a useful tool for detecting bones and teeth in underwater searches as well in terrestrial searches and laboratory environments. The results could impact the methods and equipment used by forensic divers and forensic anthropologists when searching for skeletal remains, potentially increasing the quantity and efficiency of forensic evidence recovered.
Carotenoids, but Not Vitamin A, Improve Iron Uptake and Ferritin Synthesis by Caco‐2 Cells from Ferrous Fumarate and NaFe‐EDTA
Authors: García‐Casal María N. , Leets Irene 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDue to the high prevalence of iron and vitamin A deficiencies and to the controversy about the role of vitamin A and carotenoids in iron absorption, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the following: (1) the effect of a molar excess of vitamin A as well as the role of tannic acid on iron uptake by Caco‐2 cells; (2) iron uptake and ferritin synthesis in presence of carotenoids without pro‐vitamin A activity: lycopene, lutein, and zeaxantin; and (3) iron uptake and ferritin synthesis from ferrous fumarate and NaFe‐EDTA. Cells were incubated 1 h at 37 °C in PBS pH 5.5, containing 59Fe and different iron compounds. Vitamin A, ferrous fumarate, β‐carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxantin, and tannic acid were added to evaluate uptake. Ferritin synthesis was measured 24 h after uptake experiments. Vitamin A had no effect on iron uptake by Caco‐2 cells, and was significantly lower from NaFe‐EDTA than from ferrous fumarate (15.2 ± 2.5 compared with 52.5 ± 8.3 pmol Fe/mg cell protein, respectively). Carotenoids increase uptake up to 50% from fumarate and up to 300% from NaFe‐EDTA, since absorption from this compound is low when administered alone. We conclude the following: (1) There was no effect of vitamin A on iron uptake and ferritin synthesis by Caco‐2cells. (2) Carotenoids significantly increased iron uptake from ferrous fumarate and NaFe‐EDTA, and were capable of partially overcoming the inhibition produced by tannic acid. (3) Iron uptake by Caco‐2 cell from NaFe‐EDTA was significantly lower compared to other iron compounds, although carotenoids increased and tannic acid inhibited iron uptake comparably to ferrous fumarate.
Phytochemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activity of Aromatic Malaysian Herb Extracts against Food‐Borne Pathogenic and Food Spoilage Microorganisms
Authors: Aziman Nurain , Abdullah Noriham , Noor Zainon Mohd , Kamarudin Wan Saidatul Syida Wan , Zulkifli Khairusy Syakirah 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPreliminary phytochemical and flavonoid compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 6 aromatic Malaysian herbs were screened and quantified using Reverse‐Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The herbal extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 food‐borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of herbal extracts were determined. In the phytochemical screening process, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. hydropiper exhibited presence of all 7 tested phytochemical compounds. Among all herbal extracts, the aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against 7 tested Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria with diameter ranging from 7.0 to 18.5 mm and 6.5 to 19 mm, respectively. The MIC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 18.75 to 175 mg/mL and 0.391 to 200 mg/mL, respectively while the MBC/MFC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 25 to 200 mg/mL and 3.125 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. Major types of bioactive compounds in aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts were identified using RP‐HPLC instrument. Flavonoids found in these plants were epi‐catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The ability of aqueous Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm. extracts to inhibit the growth of bacteria is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential. Hence these herbal extracts may be used as natural preservative to improve the safety and shelf‐life of food and pharmaceutical products.
Automated DNA‐based plant identification for large‐scale biodiversity assessment
Authors: Papadopoulou Anna , Chesters Douglas , Coronado Indiana , De la Cadena Gissela , Cardoso Anabela , Reyes Jazmina C. , Maes Jean‐Michel , Rueda Ricardo M. , Gómez‐Zurita Jesús 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRapid degradation of tropical forests urges to improve our efficiency in large‐scale biodiversity assessment. DNA barcoding can assist greatly in this task, but commonly used phenetic approaches for DNA‐based identifications rely on the existence of comprehensive reference databases, which are infeasible for hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems. Alternatively, phylogenetic methods are more robust to sparse taxon sampling but time‐consuming, while multiple alignment of species‐diagnostic, typically length‐variable, markers can be problematic across divergent taxa. We advocate the combination of phylogenetic and phenetic methods for taxonomic assignment of DNA‐barcode sequences against incomplete reference databases such as GenBank, and we developed a pipeline to implement this approach on large‐scale plant diversity projects. The pipeline workflow includes several steps: database construction and curation, query sequence clustering, sequence retrieval, distance calculation, multiple alignment and phylogenetic inference. We describe the strategies used to establish these steps and the optimization of parameters to fit the selected psbA‐trnH marker. We tested the pipeline using infertile plant samples and herbivore diet sequences from the highly threatened Nicaraguan seasonally dry forest and exploiting a valuable purpose‐built resource: a partial local reference database of plant psbA‐trnH. The selected methodology proved efficient and reliable for high‐throughput taxonomic assignment, and our results corroborate the advantage of applying ‘strict’ tree‐based criteria to avoid false positives. The pipeline tools are distributed as the scripts suite ‘BAGpipe’ (pipeline for Biodiversity Assessment using GenBank data), which can be readily adjusted to the purposes of other projects and applied to sequence‐based identification for any marker or taxon.
Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann's When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour
Authors: Bialecki Jon 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the anthropology of Christianity, and more broadly in the anthropology of religion, methodological atheism has foreclosed ethnographic description of God as a social actor. This prohibition is the product of certain ontological presumptions regarding agency, an absence of autonomy of human creations, and a truncated conception of what can be said to exist. Reading Tanya Luhrmann's recent ethnography, When God Talks Back: Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God (2012), in light of both the ontological postulates of Object Orientated Ontology and the work of Bruno Latour, this article proposes an ontological framework that makes it is possible to ethnographically describe God as a social actor without adopting methodological theism. This article also notes, however, that the ethnographic description of religious practice, found in studies of the Vineyard denomination such as Luhrmann's, challenge Latour's own account of the difference between science and religions as distinguishable enterprises.
On Knowing and Not Knowing “Life” in Molecular Biology and Xhosa Healing: Ontologies in the Preclinical Trial of a South African Indigenous Medicine (Muthi)
Authors: Laplante Julie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeemingly distant practices of molecular biology and indigenous Xhosa healing have commonalities that I would like to bring into conversation in this article. The preclinical trial of an indigenous medicine brings them together in a research consortium. In this instance, both sets of experts are meant to collaborate in preparing a wild bush for it to pass the tests of the randomized clinical trial (RCT) and to potentially become a biopharmaceutical to counter the tuberculosis pandemic. I aim to tease out how the two sets of actors and their respective practices converge and diverge in their healing hopes and ways of managing uncertainty. Ultimately, I am interested in understanding how the preferred process of making medicine “work” by each set of actors relies upon particular ways of knowing and not knowing life, bringing some ontologies into being, letting others wither away. The shared ways of knowing life as a movement of opening at the edges of the RCT are proposed as paths of recognition between one and the other practice.
From the Alien to the Other: Steps toward a Phenomenological Theory of Spirit Possession
Authors: Leistle Bernhard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this article, I apply a structural‐phenomenological conception of experience and self to the anthropological theorizing of spirit possession. In particular, I argue that a phenomenology of the alien, as elaborated by the philosopher Bernhard Waldenfels, allows for a more differentiated understanding of possession phenomena. Following a characterization of alienness—in conceptual distinction from the more common term “otherness”—as a dimension that necessarily eludes experience, I describe spirit possession as a cultural technology to appropriate the experiential alien by transforming it into the symbolic other. I discuss this relation to the alien in thematic areas central to the anthropology of possession: illness and therapy, symbolism and naming, embodiment and self.
Bearing the Decline of Animal Sacrifice: Enhanced State of Consciousness, Illness, Taboos, and the Government in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Wenyi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, I analyze how economic development projects and the ethnic tourism project in Southwest China have contributed to the failure of the ethnic Kachin villagers to observe taboos involved in shamanic healing rituals. Such a failure, initially as a local response to politico‐economic processes in Southwest China, exacerbates the increasingly poor health status of Kachin shamans in the local community. Taboos thus become an active site where the local decline of animal sacrifice intersects with regional processes of economic development. In examining this site, I propose a framework for understanding transformation of rituals in Southwest China, not simply as a response, or an appendix, to wider transformation in China at large, but as an integral part of China and its transformation. I also extend the relation between shamans' enhanced state of consciousness and the patients' recovery to that between the shamans' enhanced state of consciousness and their own health.