bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Balance Estimation and Quality For Irrigation In The Food Estate Area, Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Dayani D A , Wilopo W , Azwartika I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Food estate in Central Sumba Regency is one of Indonesia’s Nasional Strategic Projects that aim to increase the national food supply. Groundwater has been the main water supply by residents around the food estate area in Central Sumba Regency. Groundwater exploitation in the research area uses dug wells, bore wells, and springs. They mostly use groundwater for domestic use and irrigation purposes. Aquifer depletion and declining groundwater levels can occur as groundwater is exploited too much due to the growing need for groundwater. Hence, determining the groundwater budget is required to ensure the basin’s sustainability. This study aims to determine groundwater quality for irrigation in the food estate and estimate the groundwater budget. Besides, water quality is also an important feature of groundwater, and it expresses how sufficient the water is for various needs, each having its requirements represented as water quality standards. Groundwater samples were taken from various areas in the research area, and groundwater’s physical-chemical properties, such as TDS, EC, temperature, and pH, were measured in the field and compared with Government Regulation no. 22, 2021, and FAO for irrigation water quality standards. The results show that the research area has a low to medium groundwater potential. The result of physical-chemical properties measurement are as follows TDS value is 183 mg/L on average, EC value is 366 μS/cm on average, the temperature value is 25.4°C on average, and pH value is 7.3 on average. It can be concluded that all of the samples met the standards.
Identification of Shallow Groundwater Facies and Flow Patterns in Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rizky Brillyanto Arifin , Rifky Wibisana Muhammad , Rifaldi Siregar Theo , Wilopo Wahyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Population growth as a result of a subsequent increase in the economic center and industrial complex construction has also proven to influence the shallow groundwater occurrence in Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The region per se, had a minimum amount of observation and literature, especially regarding the issue namely groundwater flow pattern and facies distribution. This research discussed hydrogeological assessment through systematic mapping to investigate shallow groundwater occurrence, including 90 observation & measurement points consisting of 89 dug well and one water spring. Based on purposive random sampling with upstream-downstream consideration, 73 of 90 samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine groundwater hydrochemistry. The results indicated that the shallow groundwater pattern in Batang Regency generally flows from south to north with a dominant southwest-northeast pattern. Based on the trilinear piper diagram, shallow groundwater facies in the study area are characterized by calcium bicarbonate, alkaline chloride, alkaline bicarbonate, and mixed types. The distribution of calcium bicarbonate facies is widely spread in the southern part of the study area. In contrast, alkaline bicarbonate is mainly found between the coastline and hilly in the south. On the other hand, alkaline chloride is distributed evenly along the coastal area. Intermixing of different groundwater facies is expected due to its positive correlation between TDI and major ions plot in the composition diagram.
Porosity Modification, A Key To The Carbonate Diagenetic Environments. Case Study: Reefal Limestone, Marah Formation, Miau Baru, East Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati D , Balfas M D , Rindawati P I , Sasmito K , Rahman H F , Rojabi A F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Through the Eocene-Oligocene transition, localised carbonate shoal formed the northern part of Kutai basin. Miau Baru is a small village located in Kongbeng sub-district, East Kutai, NE Borneo which has a relatively narrow area with complex geological features. This relatively thick the carbonate successions of Marah Formation previously have less attention from diagenetic perspective. To achieve the objective in this diagenetic study of the reefal limestone of Priabonian-Rupelian Marah Formation, limestone samples were collected and sectioned. A total of 35 samples were selected, 25 from Goa Indah section and 10 from Kongbeng section. This paper compiles current knowledge on the sedimentology aspects of this Kongbeng complex region and includes the first attempt to synthesise petrographic data onto carbonate diagenetic environment and history in Miau Baru Area. Detailed identification of porosity modification helped to reconstruct carbonate diagenetic environment and its application in expecting a petroleum reservoir for the region, thereby highlighting areas where further geological research is required.
Characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto area, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Martadiastuti V , Winarno T , Ali R K , Purba E C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Argotirto area located in South Malang, East Java province, has abundant non-metallic mineral resources, e.g., pyrophyllite. The presence of pyrophyllite indicates that the area has undergone hydrothermal alteration processes. This research aims to determine characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto and its surrounding area. The methods used in this research comprises geological and hydrothermal alteration mapping, thin section and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses from rock samples. There are five lithological units from the oldest to the youngest, namely altered basalt, altered andesite breccia, altered dacite intrusion, altered dacitic tuff breccia, and limestone units. In hand specimen, pyrophyllite has white to tan colour, massive and waxy/soapy textures. Furthermore, in thin section, pyrophyllite selectively replaces feldspar phenocrysts or it is disseminated in the matrix and intergrown with quartz. In the research area, there are four alteration zones, such as pyrophyllite-dickite-sericite-illite, pyrophyllite-vermiculite-alunite-tridymite, pyrophyllite-cristobalite-sericite-illite-smectite, and pyrophyllite-halloysite-sericite-illite zones. According to hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages, it can be interpreted that those minerals are formed at low pH (approximately pH 4-5) and relatively low temperatures (100-<250°C).
Exploring bio-nanomaterials as antibiotic allies to combat antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Barsola Bindiya , Saklani Shivani , Pathania Diksha , Kumari Priyanka , Sonu Sonu , Rustagi Sarvesh , Singh Pardeep , Raizada Pankaj , Moon Tae Seok , Kaushik Ajeet , Chaudhary Vishal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an emergent threat to global health due to antibiotic abuse, overuse and misuse, necessitating urgent innovative and sustainable solutions. The utilization of bio-nanomaterials as antibiotic allies is a green, economic, sustainable and renewable strategy to combat this pressing issue. These biomaterials involve green precursors (e.g. biowaste, plant extracts, essential oil, microbes, and agricultural residue) and techniques for their fabrication, which reduce their cyto/environmental toxicity and exhibit economic manufacturing, enabling a waste-to-wealth circular economy module. Their nanoscale dimensions with augmented biocompatibility characterize bio-nanomaterials and offer distinctive advantages in addressing AMR. Their ability to target pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, at the molecular level, coupled with their diverse functionalities and bio-functionality doping from natural precursors, allows for a multifaceted approach to combat resistance. Furthermore, bio-nanomaterials can be tailored to enhance the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents or deliver novel therapies, presenting a versatile platform for innovation. Their use in combination with traditional antibiotics can mitigate resistance mechanisms, prolong the effectiveness of existing treatments, and reduce side effects. This review aims to shed light on the potential of bio-nanomaterials in countering AMR, related mechanisms, and their applications in various domains. These roles encompass co-therapy, nanoencapsulation, and antimicrobial stewardship, each offering a distinct avenue for overcoming AMR. Besides, it addresses the challenges associated with bio-nanomaterials, emphasizing the importance of regulatory considerations. These green biomaterials are the near future of One Health Care, which will have economic, non-polluting, non-toxic, anti-resistant, biocompatible, degradable, and repurposable avenues, contributing to sustainable development goals.
Effect of pinless friction stir processing on microstructure and properties of surface modification layer of 2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Xiangju , Wang Youqiang , Duan Jizhou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Friction stir processing (FSP) is an advanced material surface modification technology that is both green and energy-efficient. This technology plays a crucial role in regulating the surface microstructure of alloys and improving alloys’ surface properties. It reaches this through the synergistic effect of non-equilibrium thermodynamic and surface mechanical deformation. In this work, the surface modification of an aluminum alloy was performed using pin-less FSP. Then, the modified surface was analyzed using stress–strain curves, optical microscopy (OM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical tests to investigate the impact of spindle velocity on the properties of the modified layer. Results of the study show that after undergoing pinless FSP modification treatment, the surface of the alloy appears bright and flat. The modified layer displays refined grains and numerous dispersed second-phase particles. Furthermore, the grains in the modified layer exhibit a gradient distribution from the surface to the matrix. Regarding the properties, compared to the base material (BM), the yield strength (σ
0.2) and tensile strength (σ

b
) of the alloy-modified layer were increased by 34.8% and 29.4%, respectively. The maximum elongation (δ) of the modified coating reached 22.3%. The modified layer exhibits a tough-brittle mixed fracture pattern. Additionally, the modified layer’s corrosion resistance significantly improves. The performance of the modified coating shows the most significant improvement when the spindle speed reaches 1000 rpm.
Microwave dielectric properties of normal, fibroelastotic, and malignant human lung tissue
Authors: Evans Audrey L , Buehler Darya , Schulte Jefree J , McCarthy Daniel P , Hagness Susan C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Technological development of microwave treatment and detection techniques for lung cancer requires accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the microwave dielectric properties of human lung tissue. We characterize the dielectric properties of room temperature human lung tissue from 0.5 to 10 GHz for three lung tissue groups: normal, fibroelastotic, and malignant. We fit a two-pole Debye model to the measured frequency-dependent complex permittivity and calculate the median Debye parameters for the three groups. We find that malignant lung tissue is approximately 10% higher in relative permittivity and conductivity compared to normal lung tissue; this trend matches previously reported normal versus malignant data for other biological tissues. There is little contrast between benign lung tissue with fibroelastosis and malignant lung tissue. We extrapolate our data from room temperature to 37 °C using a temperature-dependence model for animal lung tissue and use the Maxwell-Garnett dielectric mixing model to predict the dielectric properties of inflation-dynamic human lung tissue; both approximations correspond with previously reported dielectric data of bovine and porcine lung tissue.
Women’s Rights and Political Violence
Authors: Karim Sabrina , Hill, Jr. Daniel W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores the connection between women’s rights and political violence. The chapter starts out by conceptualizing women’s rights and developing an indicator for it. The rest of the chapter is focused on theorizing about the connection between women’s rights and interstate war, intrastate conflict, repression, and terrorism. The first theory focuses on signaling, arguing that when states adopt women’s rights, they signal their liberalism and/or their willingness to make concessions. A second theory posits that women’s rights create a vibrant civil society that engages in “watchdog” activities to monitor state behavior. In other words, for women’s rights to be adopted, women’s advocacy organizations are needed. These organizations monitor state behavior, and they may also push for peaceful resolution to conflict. The chapter finds that women’s rights are associated with less state repression, especially when there are more women’s advocacy organizations.
Conclusion
Authors: Karim Sabrina , Hill, Jr. Daniel W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This Conclusion summarizes the book. It begins by revisiting the book’s primary objective— to explore the connections between women’s status and various forms of political violence—and the new methods adopted to explore that objective, in particular the focus on four concepts related to women’s status: women’s inclusion, women’s rights, harm to women, and beliefs about women’s status. The chapter then summarizes the findings from each chapter, regarding those concepts, and contextualizes them within political science as it currently stands. The chapter also addresses the limitations of the book and suggests both future research agendas and policy recommendations. It concludes by bringing gender equality back into the fold.
Introduction
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter makes the case that outcome-centered accounts tyrannize not only in ethics but also in our theories of actions, reasons, and attitudes, and that this tyranny has a profoundly distorting effect on our self-understanding as agents and our approach to the explanation and justification of policies and social practices. It presents arguments, both ethical and non-ethical, purporting to establish that outcome-centered ethics—consequentialism—is completely unavoidable, and arguments, both ethical and non-ethical, that the same approach to ethics is completely unacceptable; moreover, it suggests that the case for consequentialist ethical theory is grounded outside of ethics, in the theories of action and mind. The chapter suggests that the arguments for an outcome-centered approach commit two conflations, and it outlines what these conflations are. To expose these conflations is to overthrow the tyrannical rule of outcome-centered accounts of attitudes, actions, reasons, ethics, and of our social practices and policies.
The Ethical Consequentializing Argument
Authors: Hurley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter takes up the most ambitious of the ethical arguments for consequentialism, the ethical consequentializing argument. This ethical form of the consequentializing argument purports to provide a conversion of any plausible ethical theory into a substantive form of act-consequentialism that is deontically equivalent, yielding the same deontic verdicts as the target theory. The chapter demonstrates, however, that even standard alternatives, in particular Aristotelian virtue ethics and Kantian ethics, cannot be consequentialized. The consequentializing strategy, even when applied to these standard alternatives, fails on its own terms to produce consequentialized counterparts: it can either produce a substantive version of consequentialism or secure deontic equivalence with the target theory—but not both. Faithfully deploying the strategy even upon our standard alternatives to consequentialism demonstrates not only that such theories cannot be put in consequentialized form, but that they are not forms of consequentialism.
Lord Byron and Genre
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Byron’s poetry, especially Don Juan, has had a vexed relationship with critical efforts to make sense of Romanticism and of the genres that make up this field of study. One clear reason for this poor canonical fit is because Wordsworth and Coleridge were so influential in disseminating the expressivist theory of kairotic lyric poetry that came to define not only Romanticism but also poetry itself. This chapter asks: Does the history of generic form—especially of the two generic dominants of twentieth-century criticism, the lyric and the novel—look different when Byron’s Don Juan is factored into the historical equation? We examine how Byron’s poetry works against the new formal principles of both narrative and lyric, and we illustrate the ways that he proposes a more radical approach to event and temporality that is inspired by the French Revolution and that resembles Alain Badiou’s concepts, event and future anterior.
Crisis, Collectivism, and Change
Authors: Allen Emily , Felluga Dino Franco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose in this chapter that we adopt the strategy of the future anterior that we have been exploring in this book to address the crises currently faced not only by the humanities but also by humanity at large. The limit case is climate change, and we consider what special awareness the humanities bring to the current situation: an understanding of the ethical limitations, global implications, and historical emergence of our presumptions. We propose a model for acting collectively to change our trajectory and to protect what will have been.
Dialysate Sodium Levels, Ambulatory Aortic Blood Pressure, and Arterial Stiffness in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Bratsiakou Adamantia , Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Iatridi Fotini , Sarafidis Pantelis , Davoulos Christos , Goumenos Dimitrios S , Papachristou Evangelos , Papasotiriou Marios 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increased aortic blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness are associated with higher cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis. Previous works showed that lower dialysate sodium is associated with lower brachial-BP; data on aortic-BP and arterial stiffness are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dialysate sodium concentrations on 72-hour aortic-BP and arterial stiffness parameters in hemodialysis patients.

METHODS
This analysis is part of a prospective, non-randomized interventional study. Twenty-five hemodialysis patients underwent a set of 3 periods of different dialysate sodium concentrations; 6 sessions with dialysate sodium of 137 mEq/l, followed consecutively by 6 sessions with 139 mEq/l and, finally, 6 sessions with 141 mEq/l. At the start of the sixth hemodialysis session on each sodium concentration, 72-hour ABPM (Mobil-O-Graph) was performed to evaluate aortic-BP and arterial stiffness indices during the overall 72-hour, different 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime periods.

RESULTS
Mean 72-hour aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher with increasing dialysate sodium concentrations (137 mEq/l: 114.2 ± 15.3/77.0 ± 11.8 mm Hg vs. 139 mEq/l: 115.4 ± 17.3/77.9 ± 14.0 mm Hg vs. 141 mEq/l: 120.5 ± 18.4/80.5 ± 14.7 mm Hg, P = 0.002/P = 0.057, respectively). Wave-reflection parameters (AIx, AIx(75), AP) were not significantly different between the 3 dialysate sodium concentrations. Ambulatory pulse wave velocity (PWV) was significantly higher with increasing dialysate sodium concentrations (137 mEq/l: 8.5 ± 1.7 m/s vs. 139 mEq/l: 8.6 ± 1.6 m/s vs. 141 mEq/l: 8.8 ± 1.6 m/s, P &lt; 0.001). In generalized linear mixed models including 72-hour brachial SBP as a random covariate, the adjusted marginal means of 72-hour PWV were not significantly different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that higher dialysate sodium concentrations are associated with significant increases in ambulatory aortic BP and PWV. These findings further support the need for modification of dialysate sodium concentration in hemodialysis.
Airborne particulate matter and diesel engine exhaust on infrastructure construction sites in the Copenhagen metropolitan area
Authors: Ferree Patrick L , Polat Merve , Nøjgaard Jakob K , Jensen Keld A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is carcinogenic and potentially hazardous for those working in close proximity to diesel-powered machines. This study characterizes workplace exposure to DEE and its associated particulate matter (PM) during outdoor construction activities. We sampled at 4 construction sites in the Copenhagen metropolitan area. We used portable constant-flow pumps and quartz-fiber filters to quantify personal exposure to elemental carbon (EC), and used real-time instruments to collect activity-based information about particle number and size distribution, as well as black carbon (BC) concentration. Full-shift measurements of EC concentration ranged from &lt; 0.3 to 6.4 µg/m3. Geometric mean (GM) EC exposure was highest for ground workers (3.4 µg/m3 EC; geometric standard deviation, GSD = 1.3), followed by drilling rig operators (2.6 µg/m3 EC; GSD = 1.4). Exposure for non-drilling-rig machine operators (1.2 µg/m3 EC; GSD = 2.9) did not differ significantly from background (0.9 µg/m3 EC; GSD = 1.7). The maximum 15-min moving average concentration of BC was 17 µg/m3, and the highest recorded peak concentration was 44 µg/m3. In numbers, the particle size distributions were dominated by ultrafine particles ascribed to DEE and occasional welding activities at the sites. The average total particle number concentrations (PNCs) measured in near-field and far-field positions across all worksites were 10,600 (GSD = 3.0) and 6,000 (GSD = 2.8)/cm3, respectively. Sites with active drilling rigs saw significantly higher average total PNCs at their near-field stations (13,600, 32,000, and 9,700/cm3; GSD = 2.4, 3.4, and 2.4) than sites without (4,700/cm3; GSD = 1.6). Overall, the DEE exposures at these outdoor construction sites were below current occupational exposure limits for EC (10 µg/m3 in Denmark; 50 µg/m3 in the European Union), but extended durations of exposure to the observed DEE levels may still be a health risk.
Machine learning-assisted substrate binding pocket engineering based on structural information
Authors: Wang Xinglong , Xu Kangjie , Zeng Xuan , Linghu Kai , Zhao Beichen , Yu Shangyang , Wang Kun , Yu Shuyao , Zhao Xinyi , Zeng Weizhu , Wang Kai , Zhou Jingwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Engineering enzyme–substrate binding pockets is the most efficient approach for modifying catalytic activity, but is limited if the substrate binding sites are indistinct. Here, we developed a 3D convolutional neural network for predicting protein–ligand binding sites. The network was integrated by DenseNet, UNet, and self-attention for extracting features and recovering sample size. We attempted to enlarge the dataset by data augmentation, and the model achieved success rates of 48.4%, 35.5%, and 43.6% at a precision of ≥50% and 52%, 47.6%, and 58.1%. The distance of predicted and real center is ≤4 Å, which is based on SC6K, COACH420, and BU48 validation datasets. The substrate binding sites of Klebsiella variicola acid phosphatase (KvAP) and Bacillus anthracis proline 4-hydroxylase (BaP4H) were predicted using DUnet, showing high competitive performance of 53.8% and 56% of the predicted binding sites that critically affected the catalysis of KvAP and BaP4H. Virtual saturation mutagenesis was applied based on the predicted binding sites of KvAP, and the top-ranked 10 single mutations contributed to stronger enzyme–substrate binding varied while the predicted sites were different. The advantage of DUnet for predicting key residues responsible for enzyme activity further promoted the success rate of virtual mutagenesis. This study highlighted the significance of correctly predicting key binding sites for enzyme engineering.