bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of recycled material for segments and inner lining – first experience of on‐site processing on KAT 2 / Verwendung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial – von der TBM bis zum Tübbing, erste Erfahrungen mit der Materialaufbereitung vor Ort im Baulos KAT 2
Authors: Huber Helmut , Kratochwill Raimund , Otto Richard 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn order to preserve the environment and save resources, Austrian Railways ÖBB have decided to recycle material excavated from contract KAT 2 of the 32.9 km long Koralm Tunnel and process it as aggregates for concrete production. This leads to a saving of gravel resources, reduction of transport routes and reduction of the required landfill areas. The rock mass, which is predominantly formed of schistose gneisses and gneisses with inclusions of mica schist, amphibolites and marbles, is being bored by tunnel boring machines. The material excavated from the tunnel is being recycled on site by processing for concrete aggregates.Die ÖBB haben sich aus umwelt‐ und ressourcenschonenden Aspekten beim Bau des 32,9 km langen Koralmtunnels im Baulos KAT 2 für die Verwendung des Tunnelausbruchs für die Aufbereitung von Gesteinskörnungen zur Betonherstellung entschieden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Schonung der Kiesrohstoffe, Verringerung der Transportwege und Verkleinerung der erforderlichen Deponieflächen. Das Gebirge, vorwiegend aus Schiefergneisen und Gneisen mit Einschaltungen von Glimmerschiefern, Amphiboliten und Marmoren aufgebaut, wird mit Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen aufgefahren. Das anfallende Tunnelausbruchmaterial wird auf der Baustelle zu Betonzuschlagstoff aufbereitet.
Does omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation enhance neural efficiency? A review of the literature
Authors: Bauer Isabelle , Crewther Sheila , Pipingas Andrew , Sellick Laura , Crewther David 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveWhile the cardiovascular, anti‐inflammatory and mood benefits of omega‐3 supplementation containing long chain fatty acids (LCPUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are manifest, there is no scientific consensus regarding their effects on neurocognitive functioning. This review aimed to examine the current literature on LCPUFAs by assessing their effects on cognition, neural functioning and metabolic activity. In order to view these findings together, the principle of neural efficiency as established by Richard Haier (“smart brains work less hard”) was extended to apply to the neurocognitive effects of omega‐3 supplementation.MethodsWe reviewed multiple databases from 2000 up till 2013 using a systematic approach and focused our search to papers employing both neurophysiological techniques and cognitive measures.ResultsEight studies satisfied the criteria for consideration. We established that studies using brain imaging techniques show consistent changes in neurochemical substances, brain electrical activity, cerebral metabolic activity and brain oxygenation following omega‐3 supplementation.ConclusionsWe conclude that, where comparison is available, an increase in EPA intake is more advantageous than DHA in reducing “brain effort” relative to cognitive performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snow cover estimation using blended MODIS and AMSR‐E data for improved watershed‐scale spring streamflow simulation in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Bergeron Jean , Royer Alain , Turcotte Richard , Roy Alexandre 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEstimation of the amount of water stored in snow is a principal source of error for spring streamflow simulations in snow‐dominant regions. Measuring this variable throughout large and often remote areas using snow surveys is an expensive task since they are practically point measurements. Remote sensing is an alternative method, which can cover much larger areas in little time, but further research is required to reduce uncertainties on snow water equivalent (SWE) estimations, especially during the melting period. However, optical‐near infrared (NIR) and passive microwave remote sensing can detect snow cover area (SCA) with greater certainty, which can be used as a proxy for SWE. The two datasets work in complementary ways considering their spatial resolutions and cloud cover limitations. This study developed an SCA product from blended passive microwave (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ‐ Earth Observing System: AMSR‐E) and optical‐NIR (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: MODIS) remote sensing data to improve estimates of streamflow caused by snowmelt during the spring period. The blended product was assimilated in a snowmelt model (SPH‐AV) coupled with the MOHYSE hydrological model through a modified direct insertion method. SCA estimated from AMSR‐E data was first compared with in situ snow‐depth measurements and SCA estimated with MODIS. Results showed an agreement of over 95% between AMSR‐E‐derived and cloud‐free MODIS‐derived SCA products in the spring. Comparison with ground stations confirmed the underestimation of snow cover by AMSR‐E. Assimilation of the blended snow product in SPH‐AV coupled with MOHYSE yielded an overall improvement of the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient comparable with simulations with no updates, which is comparable to results driven by biweekly snow surveys. Assimilation of remotely sensed passive microwave data was also found to have little positive impact on streamflow simulation due to the difficulty of differentiating melting snow from snow‐free surfaces. © 2013 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Welcoming Taye
Authors: Dara Hill K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis case study narrative examines the circumstances underlying problems of residency in an affluent Midwest suburb experiencing an unexpected influx of working class African American students. Dilemmas engender a cultural mismatch between teachers and students and discomfort with African‐American males. In a controversial climate where students cross the boundary line in search for educational parity, this article examines a culturally responsive grade 7 English teacher who welcomed Taye, an African‐American male who enrolled midyear. Examined is how Taye responded to his teacher's use of controversial peer and teacher‐led discussion of multicultural curriculum titles. As suburban schools are becoming more racially diverse, this article presents an argument for culturally responsive pedagogy and a need for all teachers to be prepared to teach African‐American males.
Synthesis of the Coumarins via Pechmann Method in the Presence of Environmentally Friendly Y(NO3)3×6H2O
Authors: Karami Bahador , Kiani Mahtab 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSeveral substituted coumarins can be prepared in high yield and purity by direct reaction of β‐keto esters and phenol derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount Y(NO3)3×6H2O as Lewis acid and at ambient temperature under solvent‐free conditions.
Synthesis and DNA Cleavage Activity of Piperazine Containing Guanidinoethyl and Hydroxyethyl Side Arms
Authors: An Dong , Ye Zhiwen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAccording to active groups synergetic catalysis principle, a novel phosphodiester receptor 1‐(N‐guanidinoethyl)‐4‐(N‐hydroxyethyl)‐piperazidine hydrochloride was firstly synthesized and the preliminary studies of its DNA cleavage activity. It is characterized and confirmed by methods as 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A “couple hardness with softness” piperazidine is designed to connect guanidinium group and hydroxyl group; The reserch was showed that the best cleaving conditions was 7.2 in pH; Cleaving DNA by the compound reaction was oxidation process that were proved through the free radicals quenches experiments; The compound can cleaved the pUC 19 DNA by phospholipid transferance was proved by BDNPP.
Emissions of CO2 and N2O from a pasture soil from Madagascar—Simulating conversion to direct‐seeding mulch‐based cropping in incubations with organic and inorganic inputs
Authors: Rabenarivo Michel , Wrage‐Moennig Nicole , Chotte Jean‐Luc , Rabeharisoa Lilia , Razafimbelo Tantely M. , Chapuis‐Lardy Lydie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the highlands of Madagascar, agricultural expansion gained on grasslands and cropping systems based on direct seeding with permanent vegetation cover are emerging as a means to sustain upland crop production. The objective of this study was to examine how such agricultural practices affect greenhouse‐gas emissions from a loamy Ferralsol previously used as a pasture. We conducted an experiment under controlled laboratory conditions combining cattle manure, crop residues (rice straw), and mineral fertilizers (urea plus NPK or di‐NH4‐phosphate) to mimic on‐field inputs and examined soil CO2 and N2O emissions during a 28‐d incubation at low and high water‐filled pore space (40% and 90% WFPS). Emissions of N2O from the control soil, i.e., soil receiving no input, were extremely small (< 5 ng N2O‐N (g soil)–1 h–1) even under anaerobic conditions. Soil moisture did not affect the order of magnitude of CO2 emissions while N2O fluxes were up to 46 times larger at high soil WFPS, indicating the potential influence of denitrification under these conditions. Both CO2 and N2O emissions were affected by treatments, incubation time, and their interactions. Crop‐residue application resulted in larger fluxes of CO2 but reduced N2O emissions probably due to N immobilization. The use of di‐NH4‐phosphate was a better option than NPK to reduce N2O emissions without increasing CO2 fluxes when soil received mineral fertilizers. Further studies are needed to translate the findings to field conditions and relate greenhouse‐gas budgets to crop production.
Lateglacial rock slope failures in north‐west Ireland: age, causes and implications
Authors: BALLANTYNE COLIN K. , WILSON PETER , SCHNABEL CHRISTOPH , XU SHENG 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTNine postglacial quartzite rock slope failures (RSFs) in north‐west Ireland were dated using cosmogenic 10Be. Weighted mean RSF ages range from 17.7 ± 0.9 to 12.5 ± 0.7 ka or 16.6 ± 0.7 to 11.7 ± 0.5 ka, depending on assumed 10Be production rate. All dated RSFs occurred within ∼5000 years following ice‐sheet deglaciation at ∼17.4ka (∼16.3 ka) and all but two occurred within 2000 years after deglaciation. The timing of RSFs rules out glacial ‘debuttressing’, permafrost degradation and enhanced deglacial cleft‐water pressures as triggers of failure in most cases. We infer that paraglacial stress release and associated fracture propagation were critical in reducing rock masses to critical stability, although earthquakes caused by Lateglacial glacio‐isostatic rebound and/or release of stored tectonic stresses may have triggered failure in some or all cases. In conjunction with data from related studies, our results imply that most undated RSFs outside the limit of Younger Dryas glaciation in the British Isles are of Lateglacial age, and that numerous Lateglacial RSFs occurred inside these limits, with subsequent removal of debris by glaciers. They support the view that paraglacial RSF activity in tectonically stable intraplate terrains was concentrated within a few millennia following deglaciation.
Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks in Soils of Northeastern Brazil Converted to Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: de Oliveira Sâmia Paiva , de Lacerda Nilda Braga , Blum Susana Churka , Escobar Maria Eugenia Ortiz , de Oliveira Teógenes Senna 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe productivity of agricultural areas in semi‐arid regions can be improved through the use of irrigation. However, the intensive cropping of such soils can have detrimental effects, especially with regard to soil organic matter (SOM) pools. The goal of this work was to evaluate soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of different irrigated agricultural systems and compare these to preserved natural ecosystems adjacent to each of the cropping systems. We selected four cropping systems: banana, a maize/bean succession (MB), pasture (P) and guava (G), as well as areas covered by native vegetation. Stocks of total soil organic carbon (TOC), amounts of unprotected and protected soil organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen in microbial biomass and microbial respiration were quantified. Surface soil TOC stocks under banana, G and P grass were significantly greater than under native vegetation and MB system. The most intensive management system was the MB, and the least intensive systems were P and G. The least intensive cropping systems were grouped on the basis of similarities in TOC, POC, total soil nitrogen and N in microbial biomass stocks. These results show that the degree of soil degradation resulting from changes in land use systems increases with the intensity of the land use systems themselves. This confirms the established hypothesis that the extent of degradation of soil properties and changes in some SOM fractions depend on the intensity of soil use. Furthermore, the adoption of conservation practices may remediate soil degradation and increase SOM stocks, mainly at the soil's surface. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery and Development of Small Molecule SHIP Phosphatase Modulators
Authors: Viernes Dennis R. , Choi Lydia B. , Kerr William G. , Chisholm John D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractInositol phospholipids play an important role in the transfer of signaling information across the cell membrane in eukaryotes. These signals are often governed by the phosphorylation patterns on the inositols, which are mediated by a number of inositol kinases and phosphatases. The src homology 2 (SH2) containing inositol 5‐phosphatase (SHIP) plays a central role in these processes, influencing signals delivered through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. SHIP modulation by small molecules has been implicated as a treatment in a number of human disease states, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, alteration of SHIP phosphatase activity may provide a means to facilitate bone marrow transplantation and increase blood cell production. This review discusses the cellular signaling pathways and protein–protein interactions that provide the molecular basis for targeting the SHIP enzyme in these disease states. In addition, a comprehensive survey of small molecule modulators of SHIP1 and SHIP2 is provided, with a focus on the structure, potency, selectivity, and solubility properties of these compounds.
Combination of S‐adenosylhomocysteine and scriptaid, a non‐toxic epigenetic modifying reagent, modulates the reprogramming of bovine somatic‐cell nuclear transfer embryos
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Yongsheng , Sang Yuankun , Zhang Yong , Hua Song 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe goal of this study was to improve the development of bovine somatic‐cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos by optimizing the combination of DNA methyltransferases inhibitor S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and histone deacetylase inhibitor Scriptaid (SPD). A. 4 × 4‐factor design of different drug combinations (0, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 mM SAH and 0, 5, 250, and 500 nM SPD) was used to identify an optimal combination of 0.75 mM SAH and 250 nM SPD that improved the developmental competence of bovine SCNT embryos. Further experiments using this combination revealed that methylation levels of CpG islands near exon 1 of the pluripotent gene SOX2; the epigenetic‐related gene HDAC3 and DNMT3a; imprinted genes XIST and PEG3; as well as apoptosis‐related genes BCL2 and BAX were returned to levels similar to those of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryo after treatment, which also normalized transcript levels for these genes. This combination also returned global DNA methylation to a normal level, correcting H4K12ac levels while enhancing H3K9ac levels. Thus, the combined application of 0.75 mM SAH and 250 nM SPD can significantly improve the reprogramming of bovine SCNT embryos by stabilizing how embryos utilize their genomes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 87–97, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative effectiveness of rosuvastatin versus simvastatin in primary prevention among new users: a cohort study in the French national health insurance database
Authors: Neumann Anke , Maura Géric , Weill Alain , Ricordeau Philippe , Alla François , Allemand Hubert 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeUsing the French claims database (Système National d'Information Inter‐Régimes de l'Assurance Maladie) linked to the hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information), this observational study compared the effectiveness of rosuvastatin and simvastatin prescribed at doses with close LDL‐cholesterol‐lowering potency on all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs) in primary prevention.MethodsThis historical cohort included patients with no prior CCD, aged 40–79 years, who initiated statin therapy with rosuvastatin 5 mg or simvastatin 20 mg in 2008–2009 in general practice. Follow‐up started after a 1‐year period used to select patients who regularly received the initial treatment.In an intention‐to‐treat analysis, patients were followed up to December 2011. In a per‐protocol analysis, they were censored prematurely when they discontinued their initial treatment. Adjustment for baseline covariates (age, deprivation index, comedications, comorbidities, prior hospital admissions) was carried out by a Cox proportional hazards model. In the per‐protocol analysis, estimation was done by “inverse probability of censoring weighting” using additional time‐dependent covariates. Analyses were gender‐specific.ResultsA total of 106 941 patients initiated statin therapy with rosuvastatin 5 mg and 56 860 with simvastatin 20 mg. Mean follow‐up was 35.8 months. For both genders and both types of analyses, the difference in incidence rates of mortality and/or CCD between rosuvastatin 5 mg and simvastatin 20 mg users was not statistically significant after adjustment (e.g., for CCD and/or mortality in men, in intention‐to‐treat analysis HR = 0.94 [95% CI = 0.85–1.04], in per‐protocol analysis HR = 0.98 [0.87–1.10]).ConclusionsThe results of this real‐life study based on medico‐administrative databases do not support preferential prescription of rosuvastatin compared to simvastatin for primary prevention of CCD. © 2013 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Hole spin dynamics and valence‐band spin excitations in two‐dimensional hole systems
Authors: Korn T. , Schüller C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the spin dynamics and spin–orbit interaction in GaAs‐based two‐dimensional hole systems (2DHS) have created a lot of attention. This is due to the complex structure of the valence band, with its p‐like character, which leads to strong spin–orbit coupling. In this paper, we review our recent studies on hole spin dynamics and valence‐band spin excitations in GaAs‐based, p‐modulation‐doped quantum wells (QWs). In 2DHS with low carrier concentration, we demonstrate that maximizing the heavy‐hole–light‐hole band splitting by changing the QW width leads to long hole spin dephasing times at low temperatures. Different mechanisms for initializing a resident hole spin polarization by optical excitation are presented. To accurately determine hole spin dynamics parameters, the resonant spin amplification technique is utilized. The strong anisotropy of the hole g factor, and electrical g factor control are investigated, using this technique. In highly doped 2DHS, we use resonant inelastic light scattering (RILS) to study the spin splitting of the valence band. We observe a low‐energy spin‐density excitation (SDE), which is a measure of the spin splitting of the hole ground state. By varying the laser energy in the RILS experiment, we can resonantly probe the k dependence of the spin splitting. The spectral shape of the SDE depends on the orientation of the light polarizations relative to the crystal axes and reflects the in‐plane anisotropy of the valence‐band spin splitting.
Spin hot spots in single‐electron GaAs‐based quantum dots
Authors: Raith Martin , Pangerl Thomas , Stano Peter , Fabian Jaroslav 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSpin relaxation of a single electron in a weakly coupled double quantum dot is calculated numerically. The phonon‐assisted spin flip is allowed by the presence of the linear and cubic spin–orbit couplings and nuclear spins. The rate is calculated as a function of the interdot coupling, the magnetic field strength and orientation, and the dot bias. In an in‐plane magnetic field, the rate is strongly anisotropic with respect to the magnetic field orientation, due to the anisotropy of the spin–orbit interactions. The nuclear spin influence is negligible. In an out‐of‐plane field, the nuclear spins play a more important role due selection rules imposed on the spin–orbit couplings. Our theory shows a very good agreement with data measured by Srinivasa et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 196803 (2013)], allowing us to extract information on the linear spin–orbit interactions strengths in that experiment. We estimate that they correspond to spin–orbit lengths of about 5–15 m.
Cyclical dynamics of airline industry earnings
Authors: Pierson Kawika , Sterman John D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAggregate airline industry earnings have exhibited large‐amplitude cyclical behavior since deregulation in 1978. To explore the causes of these cycles we develop a behavioral dynamic model of the airline industry with endogenous capacity expansion, demand, pricing, and other feedbacks; and model several strategies industry actors have employed in efforts to mitigate the cycle. We estimate model parameters by maximum likelihood methods during both partial model tests and full model estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to establish confidence intervals. Contrary to prior work we find that the delay in aircraft acquisition (the supply line of capacity on order) is not a very influential determinant of the profit cycle. Instead we find that aggressive use of yield management—varying prices to ensure high load factors (capacity utilization)—may have the unintended effect of increasing earnings variance by increasing the sensitivity of profit to changes in demand. Copyright © 2013 System Dynamics Society
A scale space multiresolution method for extraction of time series features
Authors: Pasanen Leena , Launonen Ilkka , Holmström Lasse 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA scale space multiresolution feature extraction method is proposed for time series data. The method detects intervals where time series features differ from their surroundings, and it produces a multiresolution analysis of the series as a sum of scale‐dependent components. These components are obtained from differences of smooths. The relevant sequence of smoothing levels is determined using derivatives of smooths with respect to the logarithm of the smoothing parameter. As time series are usually noisy, the method uses Bayesian inference to establish the credibility of the components. © The Authors. Stat published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Meeting First‐Year Challenges in Reading Instruction
Authors: Noll Brandi L. , Lenhart Lisa A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe first year of teaching is often the hardest for most beginners as knowledge and skills gained from teacher preparation meet real world challenges. This article follows two teachers into their first year and describes how they adapt and align what they know about reading best practices to their local situations. Two all‐too‐common challenges are explored: filling curriculum gaps and ensuring systematic instruction of essential skills. The pair find that collaboration with their mentor teachers and their own preparation help them to creatively meet the challenges they face. They demonstrate that there is no substitute for strong teacher preparation that develops the knowledge and skills beginners need for classroom success.