bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient and Robust Distributed Vertex Coloring Algorithm in Wireless Networks
Authors: Miri Mohammadhasan , Ahmadian Ali , Hadei Sayed A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The distributed vertex coloring is one of the most intensively studied problem in graph theory with many applications in computer networks.We propose a deterministic distributed algorithm for this problem in wireless networks.The algorithm's run-time is divided into rounds.In each round, every uncolored vertex or at least one of its neighbors obtains a color equal to the round number and informs its neighbors of the taken color with a 1-bit message. Therefore, the bit complexity is minimum. Moreover, the set of colored vertices is a maximal independent set (MIS), and the maximum number of colors or rounds equals the maximum number of MISs that cover the graph's vertices. It is bounded by the maximum vertex degree and also the radius of the graph.This is the first algorithm that uses a lower bound on the number of colors for every graph.In the case of trees, the logarithm of the number of vertices is another upper bound for it. Finally, we propose another algorithm for 2-coloring, and the number of rounds is bounded by the diameter of the tree.
Vertical structure of the cross-equatorial northerly surge observed during the Year of Maritime Continent–Cold Surge Observation in 2021
Authors: Moteki Qoosaku 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the vertical structure of 6 cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) events during the Year of Maritime Continent–Cold Surge Observation in 2021 (YMC-CSO2021) campaign. These events, named CENS1 (Jan. 18﹣20), CENS2 (Jan. 29﹣30), CENS3 (Feb. 2﹣5), CENS4 (Feb. 5﹣9), CENS5 (Feb. 18﹣20), and CENS6 (Feb. 25﹣26), occurred under different environmental conditions associated with cold surges (CSs) and the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). Using radiosonde observations, we identified distinct characteristics in the northerly wind layer thickness, westerly wind bursts, and potential temperature anomalies among the events. Notably, CENS6 featured a deep northerly wind layer reaching 400 hPa, influenced by a southward pressure gradient linked to a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere. Statistical analysis of past CENS events revealed higher occurrences during La Niña years and active MJO phases over the western Pacific, consistent with the YMC-CSO2021 observations. Composite analysis showed that CENS events induced significant ascending motion and localized potential temperature gradients, leading to positive precipitation anomalies around the Maritime Continent. These findings enhance our understanding of CENS dynamics and their impact on regional climate variability.
Spectral Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Lymph Nodes in Cervical Cancer Patients Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy: a Single-Center, Prospective Study
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Chen Yining , Sun Yuliang , Zhou Bing , Xu Haoran , He Lei , Hu Ke , Qiu Jie , Zhang Fuquan , Yan Junfang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Identifying metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy may inform treatment strategy and determine prognosis, but available methods have limitations. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the performance of quantitative parameters in spectral computed tomography (CT) scanning in this context.
Materials and Methods
Patients with cervical cancer, who underwent pretreatment spectral computed CT simulation scanning and planned radiotherapy, were enrolled in this prospective study. The LNs were categorized as “metastatic” and “non-metastatic”, based on 18F-fuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-PET/CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and follow-up results. Iodine concentrations (IC), normalized IC (NIC), effective atom number (effZ), and spectral curve slope (λHU) in the arterial (AP) and venous (VP) phases, were compared. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine spectral CT factors independently associated with LNs metastasis, and their diagnostic efficacies were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) analysis.
Results
A total of 115 metastatic and 97 non-metastatic LNs were detected. IC, NIC, effZ, and λHU values in the AP and VP differed between the LN groups. The AP parameters had superior diagnostic performance compared to the VP parameters (AUC from 0.902 to 0.909). In univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, λHU in the AP and NIC in the VP were independent predictors for metastatic LNs and their combination improved AUC to 0.923, with a sensitivity of 84.4%, and a specificity of 85.6%.
Conclusions
Quantitative spectral CT parameters can help distinguish metastatic from non-metastatic LNs in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Combination of λHU in AP and NIC in VP further improves diagnostic performance.
Effective Bioremediation of Heavy Metals for Environmental Sustainability Approach using Bacillus subtilis HIB2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa HIB11 isolated from Hindon River, India
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumari Sangeeta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The goal of this work was to isolate, identify, and characterize heavy metals degrading bacterial strains from the contaminated Hindon river (Yamuna's tributary) in India. Hindon river water quality was also assessed using physico-chemical and heavy metals analyses, revealing the river's degraded state. The bacterial isolates were isolated from Hindon river. Two bacterial isolates coded as HIB2 and HIB7 were screened and selected for further study based on the resistance to heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb). Finally, these were identified based on morphological, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Biodegradation potential for heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The bacterial isolates HIB2 and HIB11 from Hindon river were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. At 10 mg/L initial concentration, results of biodegradation experiments showed the removal competences of 53.9% for Cd2+ and 68.6% for Ni2+ and 71.7% for Pb2+ using Bacillus subtilis HIB2, where 57.6% for Cd2+ and 66.4% for Ni2+ and 70.7% for Pb2+ using Pseudomonas aeruginosa HIB11 after 14 days of incubation at pH 7.0 and 37°C. Both isolates revealed the similarity in removal efficiency for these three heavy metals. The ability of Bacillus subtilis HIB2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa HIB11 degrading heavy metals was found to be through curing experiments. The study showed that the Bacillus subtilis HIB2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa HIB11 could be involved in effective degradation of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, and Pb).
Assessing Porewater and Sediment Quality in the Sidi Salem Dam: Insights from an Artificial Aquatic Geosystem in Tunisia
Authors: Helali Mohamed Amine , Ouameni Imen , Mna Hayfa Ben , Mesnage Valérie , Sassi-Souissi Radhia , Kouka Ahmed , Oueslati Walid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The concentration profiles and diffusion fluxes of PO43−, NH4+ and NO3− at the water-sediment interface, along with the chemical speciation of phosphorus and heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr), were analyzed in three sediment cores from the Sidi Salem Dam lake, the largest dam in Tunisia. The results show that phosphorus in the sediment is associated with carbonates (P-Ca 40 to 60%) and iron from 0 to 10 cm depth (P-Fe 25 to 30%). This association seems to be related to pH regarding P-Ca and Eh regarding P-Fe. The PO43− and NH4+ fluxes are either zero or directed towards the water column (7 to 16 µmol m2 d− 1) for NH4+, excepting NO3−, whose flux at the dam entrance is directed towards the sediment (-8.44 µmol m−² d− 1). Cd contents are negligible in all cores; Zn and Cr contents are highest in the three studied sites; and Pb and Cu are mainly high at the dam entrance (20 to 43.7 µg g− 1 at 10 cm depth for Pb). Chemical fractionation shows that Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr are mainly associated with the residual phase (41%, 71%, 53%, and 95%, respectively).
Autogenous Electron Acceleration by Ion Flow Vortex in Space Plasmas
Authors: Liu Chengming , Cao J. B. , Liu Yangyang , kronberg Elena , Xing Xining , Zhao B. N , Daly Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Plasma flow vortexes are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical settings, and play a vital role in energy and mass transport, contributing to formation of stars and planets, launching and dissipation of astrophysical jets, and coupling between planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres. Here we present the first in situ observation showing that energetic electrons with energies up to 250 keV can be directly generated inside an ion flow vortex with finite spatial scale in space. The electron acceleration is achieved by establishment of Fermi acceleration trap and parallel electrostatic potential within the flow vortex, leading to dramatic enhancement of energetic electron flux by at least an order of magnitude. The accelerated electrons can drive mass and energy transport along local magnetic field lines, and serve as free energy source for broadband electrostatic emissions. The proposed acceleration mechanism driven by flow vortex can be fundamentally important for understanding energetic phenomena in the cosmos, such as nonthermal emissions near astrophysical jets and killer electrons in geospace.
Nanoscale Visualization of the Chromatin Remodeling as Potent Biomarker in Aggressive Breast Cancers
Authors: Nandi Chayan , Anjum Farhan , Kaushik Kush , Salam Abdul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Chromatin organization, predominantly histone modifications is crucial to regulating gene expression. Genomic instability caused by the aberrant chromatin structure leads to various cancer subtypes. However, genome-wide higher-order structures of euchromatin and heterochromatin and understanding their dynamical ratio concerning cancer are poorly characterized. Here, utilizing super-resolution microscopy, we studied the remodelling structural aspects of euchromatin and heterochromatin in various cancer subtypes including the most aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacking targeted therapies and is difficult to diagnose. The nanoscopic visualization revealed a prominent reorganization of euchromatin and heterochromatin ratios and a distinct spatial distribution of chromatin domains among breast cancer subtypes with a special emphasis on the TNBC and HER-2 positive. Increased expression of remodelling protein SSRP-1 supports the structural changes of chromatin in all breast cancer cells. These observations, contemplate the possibility of euchromatin and heterochromatin domain ratios in predicting and understanding the breast cancer subtypes and can be targeted for personalized cancer therapy.
On the automatic recognition of Jeongganbo music notation: dataset and approach
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Han Danbinaerin , Jeong Dasaem , Valero-Mas Jose J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Jeongganbo notation, the first music representation system in East Asia capable of jointly expressing pitch and duration, has been extensively used -and still is- in the Korean music tradition since its inception in the 15th century. In this regard, there exists a plethora of music works that exclusively endure as physical sheets, which not only constitutes a heritage preservation challenge due to the inherent degradation of this format but also impedes the use of computational tools to study and exploit this music tradition. While the Optical Music Recognition (OMR) field, which represents the research area devoted to devising methods capable of automatically transcribing music sheets into digital formats, has addressed this issue in a number of music notations from the Western tradition, no previous research has considered the preservation of Jeonganbo scores. In this context, this work presents the following contributions: (i) the first data assortment of real Jeongganbo scores for OMR tasks; (ii) a collection of synthetic data generation and augmentation mechanisms to alleviate the scarcity of manual annotation; and (iii) a neural-based transcription scheme based on state-of-the-art OMR strategies specifically tailored to Jeongganbo scores. The experiments performed prove the validity of the approach - performance rates close to a 90% of success - and open new research avenues for under-resourced yet challenging music notations.
Unified Description of Charge Density Waves in Electron- and Hole-doped Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Choi Jaewon , Tu Sijia , Nag Abhishek , Tam Charles , Tippireddy Sahil , Agrestini S. , Lin Zefeng , Garcia-Fernandez Mirian , Jin Kui , Zhou Ke-Jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

High-temperature cuprates superconductors are characterised by the complex interplay between superconductivity (SC) and charge density wave (CDW) in the context of intertwined competing orders. In contrast to abundant studies for hole-doped cuprates, the exact nature of CDW and its relationship to SC was much less explored in electron-doped counterparts. Here, we performed resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments to investigate the relationship between CDW and SC in electron-doped La2-xCexCuO4. The short-range CDW order with a correlation length ~35 Å was found in a wide range of temperature and doping concentration. Near the optimal doping, the CDW order is weakened inside the SC phase, implying an intimate relationship between the two orders. This interplay has been commonly reported in hole-doped La-based cuprates near the optimal doping. We reconciled the diverging behaviour of CDW across the superconducting phase in various cuprate materials by introducing the CDW correlation length as a key parameter. Our study paves the way for establishing a unified picture to describe the phenomenology of CDW and its relationship with SC in the cuprate family.
Tissue-resident macrophages favor early lung cancer development via direct physical interactions with cancer cells
Authors: Benaroch Philippe , Nikolic Jovan , Joseph Ackermann , Taheraly Sarah , Mabire Morgane , Gobert François-Xavier , De Folmont Apolline , Thibaut Ronan , Morin Mathieu , Ait-Mohamed Ouardia , Gerena Edison , Goyard Sophie , Mesple Jeremy , Salmon Helene , Rose Thierry , Amar Martine Ben , Joanny Jean Francois 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

While extensive research has unraveled diverse biochemical mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic activities of macrophages, the role of physical forces in early tumor development remains elusive. Here, we integrated experimental data with physical modeling to investigate the contribution of various physical forces. Monitoring the growth of KrasG12Dp53-/- (KP) lung tumor spheroids in vitro in 3 dimensions using real-time microscopy accurately reflects the role of tissue-resident macrophages, rather than monocytes, in promoting tumor growth. Based on the quantitative data, we develop a physical model of 3D spheroid growth to simulate the dynamics of proliferating cancer cells and interacting macrophages, aligning closely with experimental results. When cultured alone, KP lung cancer cells form a single aggregate that contracts over time due to limited nutrient access at the center. The introduction of macrophages promotes the nucleation of cancer cells into multiple small aggregates, which grow before fusing to form a large final aggregate. Throughout this process, macrophages facilitate nutrient access and thus favoring cell division. The theory predicts that adhesion forces between tumor cells and macrophages are essential for the observed tumorigenic effect. Among integrins potentially involved, CD11c is expressed by alveolar macrophages but not by monocytes. Blocking CD11c reduces adhesion forces, preventing spheroid nucleation by macrophages, and impairing growth. Additionally, our theory predicts the redistribution of macrophages towards the periphery of tumor aggregates over time, an evolutionary pattern that we validated in mice in vivo. These findings underscore the significant contribution of physical interactions via CD11c between tissue-resident macrophages and cancer cells in the pro-tumor effect of macrophages. Targeting this interaction could offer a new therapeutic strategy to impede early tumor development and metastasis.
Nature-Inspired Low Carbon Building Materials With Lightweight, Strong and Tough Properties by Tailoring Hierarchically Porous Structure
Authors: Lu Zeyu , Jiang Jinyang , Wang Han , Lin Junlin , Wang Fengjuan , Liu Zhiyong , Wang Liguo , Li Yali , Li Zongjin , Li Yunjian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Conventional building materials have been faced with significant challenges, including large carbon emissions, high density, and quasi-brittleness. Inspired from the hierarchical porous structure in nature, a low-carbon, lightweight, strong and tough cement-based material (LLST) was developed through in situ self-assembly strategy, which was accomplished by a rapid gelation of hydrogel as skeleton and subsequent deposition of cement hydrates as skin in order. As a results, the LLST exhibited hierarchical structure made up of sponge-like micropores (1 ~ 50 µm) and nanopores (5 ~ 100 nm), without detrimental macropores that compromise lightweight, strength, and toughness coordination. Compared with the normal cement paste, LLST displayed a 54% reduction in density, 145% and 1460% improvement in specific compressive strength and fracture energy, with only 36% carbon emission, which has not been realized in literature. Furthermore, such significant advancements were in depth revealed by ab initio metadynamics simulations, indicating that strong interactions, including van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance effects at atomic level, were generated between functional groups in hydrogels and Ca ion released from cement hydration. These findings not only bring a novel strategy for developing lightweight building materials with low-carbon emission and remarkable mechanical properties, but also provide valuable insights to realize the coordination of lightweight, strength and toughness by tailoring the hierarchical pore structure.
Granulosa cells provide transcriptomic information on ovarian follicle dynamics in the southern white rhinoceros
Authors: Klohonatz Kristin , Durrant Barbara , Sirard Marc-André , Ruggeri Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Much remains unknown about the reproductive physiology of southern white rhinoceros (SWR) and the effect of ovarian stimulation prior to ovum pickup (OPU) have not been fully elucidated. Granulosa cells (GC) provide valuable insight into follicle growth and oocyte maturation status. The goals of this study were to evaluate transcriptomic changes in GC from three stages of follicle development and to identify biomarkers possibly associated with follicular growth and maturation because of ovarian stimulation. GC collected from SWRs following OPU were assigned stages based upon follicle size. Total RNA was isolated, and cDNA libraries were prepared and sequenced on a NovaSeq 6000. All bioinformatics analyses were performed utilizing the Galaxy web platform. Reads were aligned to CerSimCot1.0, and the manual curation was performed with EquCab3.0. Overall, 39,455 transcripts (21,612 genes) were identified across follicle stages, and manual curation yielded a 61% increase in gene identification from the original annotation. Granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles expressed the highest number of unique transcripts. The following seven biomarkers were determined based upon cluster analysis and patterns of expression:COL1A1,JMY, FBXW11,NRG1, TMPO,MACIRandCOL4A1. These data can be used to potentially evaluate the effects of different ovarian stimulation protocols on follicle dynamics, improve OPU results, and support conservation efforts in this species.
Elevation-dependent effects of snowfall and snow cover changes on runoff variations at the source regions of the Yellow River basin
Authors: Yu Yuanhui , Zhou Yuyan , Li Meihua , Xue Wei , Liu Jianwei , Hu Yingying 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Accurate simulation of the snowmelt runoff process is of great significance in understanding the evolution of water resources in high-altitude cold regions and achieving efficient utilization of water resources. This study focuses on the source regions of the Yellow River basin (SYRB) and aims to improve the snow identification and snowmelt simulation methods in the WEP-L hydrological model. The results show a significant decrease in the snowfall ratio from 2002 to 2018. The fraction of snow cover decreased at lower altitudes but increased at higher altitudes, displaying an exponential relationship with negative accumulated temperature. Snowmelt was found to be negatively correlated with snowfall and snow cover, with a stronger negative correlation at higher altitudes. The decrease in the snowfall ratio intensified with increasing elevation, while snow cover increased with elevation. However, the overall trend of snowmelt runoff was not significant. These findings highlight the dynamic relationship between snowfall, snow cover, and temperature in the SYRB. By incorporating the established response function, the accuracy of snow identification and snowmelt simulation in the WEP-L model has been enhanced. This study contributes to a better understanding of water resource evolution and the efficient utilization of water resources in high-altitude cold regions.
Assessment of Logistic Regression Model Performance and Physical Controls on January 9, 2018, Debris Flows, Thomas Fire, California
Authors: Swanson Brian J. , Lukashov Stefani G. , Schwartz Jonathon Y. , Lindsay Donald N. , Lancaster Jeremy T. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The 2017–2018 Thomas Fire burned 281,893 acres of land in southeastern Santa Barbara County and southwestern Ventura County. An atmospheric river storm impacted the region on January 9, 2018, producing intense rainfall in the western and northern portions of the burned area and triggering numerous post-fire debris flows (PFDFs). The most destructive and deadly flows inundated the town of Montecito, where 23 people died. Debris flow source and inundation mapping data across the fire provide a rare opportunity to assess the interplay between rainfall intensity, watershed characteristics, geologic conditions, and resulting PFDF occurrence. Mapped data are compared to spatially explicit analyses of 857 drainage basins modeled with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) logistic regression model (LRM) for PFDF prediction using 15-minute rainfall thresholds at 50 and 90 percent (P50 and P90) probabilities of exceedance. Results indicate that the LRM successfully predicted nearly every PFDF reaching the basin pour point. However, overall model accuracy was lowered by numerous false-positive responses, even where rainfall depths were far above LRM thresholds. Analyses of basins where rainfall was above P50 thresholds reveal a strong correlation between high false-positive responses and basins experiencing rainfall of less than about 150 to 200 percent of USGS thresholds. These false positives occurred in basins with small (0.02–0.05 km2), steep (≥23°) burned areas and in basins underlain by relatively weak geologic units that weather to produce few boulders. Identified relationships provide a basis for refining and improving existing PFDF hazard assessment modeling.