bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational differences, cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle habits in South Eastern rural Australia
Authors: Davis-Lameloise Nathalie , Philpot Benjamin , Janus Edward D , Versace Vincent L , Laatikainen Tiina , Vartiainen Erkki A , Dunbar James A 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
In rural and remote Australia, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates are higher than metropolitan rates.
This study analysed cardiovascular and other chronic disease risk factors and related health behaviours by occupational status, to determine whether agricultural workers have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk than other rural workers.

Methods
Cross-sectional surveys in three rural regions of South Eastern Australia (2004-2006). A stratified random sample of 1001 men and women aged 25-74 from electoral rolls were categorised by occupation into agricultural workers (men = 214, women = 79), technicians (men = 123), managers (men = 148, women = 272) and ‘home duties’ (women = 165). Data were collected from self-administered questionnaire, physical measurements and laboratory tests. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk were assessed by Framingham 5 years risk calculation.

Results
Amongst men, agricultural workers had higher occupational physical activity levels, healthier more traditional diet, lower alcohol consumption, lower fasting plasma glucose, the lowest proportion of daily smokers and lower age-adjusted 5 year CVD and CHD risk scores.
Amongst women, managers were younger with higher HDL cholesterol, lower systolic blood pressure, less hypertension, lower waist circumference, less self-reported diabetes and better 5 year CVD and CHD risk scores.
Agricultural workers did not have higher cardiovascular disease risk than other occupational groups.

Conclusions
Previous studies have suggested that farmers have higher risks of cardiovascular disease but this is because the risk has been compared with non-rural populations. In this study, the comparison has been made with other rural occupations. Cardiovascular risk reduction programs are justified for all. Programs tailored only for agricultural workers are unwarranted.
Characterizing acetogenic metabolism using a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of Clostridium ljungdahlii
Authors: Nagarajan Harish , Sahin Merve , Nogales Juan , Latif Haythem , Lovley Derek R , Ebrahim Ali , Zengler Karsten 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The metabolic capabilities of acetogens to ferment a wide range of sugars, to grow autotrophically on H2/CO2, and more importantly on synthesis gas (H2/CO/CO2) make them very attractive candidates as production hosts for biofuels and biocommodities. Acetogenic metabolism is considered one of the earliest modes of bacterial metabolism. A thorough understanding of various factors governing the metabolism, in particular energy conservation mechanisms, is critical for metabolic engineering of acetogens for targeted production of desired chemicals.

Results
Here, we present the genome-scale metabolic network of Clostridium ljungdahlii, the first such model for an acetogen. This genome-scale model (iHN637) consisting of 637 genes, 785 reactions, and 698 metabolites captures all the major central metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, in particular pathways involved in carbon fixation and energy conservation. A combination of metabolic modeling, with physiological and transcriptomic data provided insights into autotrophic metabolism as well as aided the characterization of a nitrate reduction pathway in C. ljungdahlii. Analysis of the iHN637 metabolic model revealed that flavin based electron bifurcation played a key role in energy conservation during autotrophic growth and helped identify genes for some of the critical steps in this mechanism.

Conclusions
iHN637 represents a predictive model that recapitulates experimental data, and provides valuable insights into the metabolic response of C. ljungdahlii to genetic perturbations under various growth conditions. Thus, the model will be instrumental in guiding metabolic engineering of C. ljungdahlii for the industrial production of biocommodities and biofuels.
Some fixed point theorems in locally p-convex spaces
Authors: Gholizadeh Leila , Karapınar Erdal , Roohi Mehdi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the existence of a fixed point of multivalued mapson almost p-convex and p-convex subsets of topological vectorspaces. Our results extend and generalize some fixed point theorems on the topicin the literature, such as the results of Himmelberg, Fan and Glicksberg.

MSC: 46T99, 47H10, 54H25, 54E50, 55M20, 37C25.
Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 via the gypenoside pathway by human gut bacteria
Authors: Shen Hong , Leung Weng-Im , Ruan Jian-Qing , Li Song-Lin , Lei JackyPui-Cheong , Wang Yi-Tao , Yan Ru 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Bacterial conversion of ginsenosides is crucial for the health-promoting effects of ginsenosides. Previous studies on the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) by gut bacteria have focused on the ginsenoside Rd (Rd) pathway (Rb1 → Rd → ginsenoside F2 (F2) → compound K (Cpd K)). This study aims to examine the gypenoside pathway in human gut bacteria in vitro.

Methods
The metabolic pathways of ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites ginsenoside Rd and gypenoside XVII in human gut bacteria were investigated by incubating the compounds anaerobically with pooled or individual gut bacteria samples from healthy volunteers. Ginsenoside Rb1, the metabolites generated by human gut bacteria, and degraded products in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) were qualitatively analyzed using an LC/MSD Trap system in the negative ion mode and quantitatively determined by HPLC-UV analysis.

Results
When incubated anaerobically with pooled gut bacteria, Rb1 generated five metabolites, namely Rd, F2, Cpd K, and the rare gypenosides XVII (G-XVII) and LXXV (G-LXXV). The gypenoside pathway (Rb1 → G-XVII → G-LXXV → Cpd K) was rapid, intermediate, and minor, and finally converted Rb1 to Cpd K via G-XVII → F2 (major)/G-LXXV (minor). Both the Rd and gypenoside pathways exhibited great inter-individual variations in age-and sex-independent manners (P > 0.05). Rb1 was highly acid-labile and degraded rapidly to form F2, ginsenoside Rg3, ginsenoside Rh2, and Cpd K, but did not generate the gypenosides in SGF. The formation of the gypenosides might be explained by the involvement of a gut bacteria-mediated enzymatic process.

Conclusions
Rb1 was metabolized to G-XVII, F2 (major) or G-LXXL (minor), and finally Cpd K by human gut bacteria in vitro.
Unravelling the Neospora caninum secretome through the secreted fraction (ESA) and quantification of the discharged tachyzoite using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics
Authors: Pollo-Oliveira Letícia , Post Harm , Acencio Marcio Luis , Lemke Ney , van den Toorn Henk , Tragante Vinicius , Heck Albert JR , Altelaar AF Maarten , Yatsuda Ana Patrícia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe apicomplexan parasiteNeospora caninumcauses neosporosis, a disease that leads to abortion or stillbirth in cattle, generating an economic impact on the dairy and beef cattle trade. As an obligatory intracellular parasite,N. caninumneeds to invade the host cell in an active manner to survive. The increase in parasite cytosolic Ca2+upon contact with the host cell mediates critical events, including the exocytosis of phylum-specific secretory organelles and the activation of the parasite invasion motor. Because invasion is considered a requirement for pathogen survival and replication within the host, the identification of secreted proteins (secretome) involved in invasion may be useful to reveal interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.MethodsTo chart the currently missingN. caninumsecretome, we employed mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify proteins present in theN. caninumtachyzoite using two different approaches. The first approach was identifying the proteins present in the tachyzoite-secreted fraction (ESA). The second approach was determining the relative quantification through peptide stable isotope labelling of the tachyzoites submitted to an ethanol secretion stimulus (dischargedtachyzoite), expecting to identify the secreted proteins among the down-regulated group.ResultsAs a result, 615 proteins were identified at ESA and 2,011 proteins quantified at thedischargedtachyzoite. We have analysed the connection between the secreted and the down-regulated proteins and searched for putative regulators of the secretion process among the up-regulated proteins. An interaction network was built by computational prediction involving the up- and down-regulated proteins. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000424.ConclusionsThe comparison between the protein abundances in ESA and their measure in thedischargedtachyzoite allowed for a more precise identification of the most likely secreted proteins. Information from the network interaction and up-regulated proteins was important to recognise key proteins potentially involved in the metabolic regulation of secretion. Our results may be helpful to guide the selection of targets to be investigated againstNeospora caninumand other Apicomplexan organisms.
The psychometric profile of chiropractic patients in Norway and England: using and comparing the generic versions of the STarT Back 5-item screening tool and the Bournemouth Questionnaire
Authors: Irgens Pernille , Lothe Lise R , Kvammen Ole Christian , Field Jonathan , Newell David 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Musculoskeletal pain and low back pain (LBP) in particular is one of the more costly health challenges to society. The STarT Back Tool (SBT) has been developed in the UK with a view to identifying subgroups of LBP patients in order to guide more cost effective care decisions. The Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ) is a validated multidimensional patient reported outcome measure (PROM) that is widely used in routine clinical practice settings. This study sets out to describe and compare SBT and BQ scores within and between populations of patients presenting for chiropractic care in Norway and Great Britain.

Methods
Patient demographics, BQ and the 5-item generic condition SBT data were collected from patients presenting with musculoskeletal pain to 18 Norwegian and 12 English chiropractors. Analysis of correlation between groups was achieved using a 1-way Chi2 approximation (p < 0.05).

Results
Eleven percent of Norwegian LBP patients (n = 214) and 24% of English LBP patients (n = 186) were “distressed by their condition” (SBT > 4). By comparison, Norwegian chiropractic patients are: somewhat younger, have lower BQ scores, are less distressed by the condition and score significantly lower on items relating to catastrophisation and depression than English patients. There was an apparent association between total BQ and SBT scores (correlation 0.59, p < .0001) and patients who scored higher than 45 (IQR 39–58) on BQ were more likely to respond “distressed by condition” (>4) on SBT. Furthermore, patients in “distressed by condition” SBT category who had marked the “low mood” question on SBT also had a high score on the “depression” question of BQ (>6 (IQR 4–8), correlation 0.54, p < .0001).

Conclusion
The BQ and SBT appear to identify the same subgroups in some, but not all of the measured items. It appears that unknown factors result in variations between patients seeking chiropractic care for comparable complaints in primary care in England vs Norway. Comparison of populations from Norway and UK demonstrate that extrapolating and pooling of data in relation to different populations should be done with caution, in regard to these stratification tools.
Youth unemployment in old Europe: the polar cases of France and Germany
Authors: Cahuc Pierre , Carcillo Stéphane , Rinne Ulf , Zimmermann Klaus F 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFrance and Germany are two polar cases in the European debate about rising youth unemployment. Similar to what can be observed in Southern European countries, a “lost generation” may arise in France. In stark contrast, youth unemployment has been on continuous decline in Germany for many years, hardly affected by the Great Recession. This paper analyzes the diametrically opposed developments in the two countries to derive policy lessons. As the fundamental differences in youth unemployment primarily result from structural differences in labor policy and in the (vocational) education system, short-term oriented policies do not address the core of the problems. Ultimately, the youth unemployment disease in France and in other European countries has to be cured with structural reforms.JEL codesJ24; J38; J68
Genetic Variation in KLK2 and KLK3 Is Associated with Concentrations of hK2 and PSA in Serum and Seminal Plasma in Young Men
Authors: Sävblom Charlotta , Halldén Christer , Cronin Angel M , Säll Torbjörn , Savage Caroline , Vertosick Emily A , Klein Robert J , Giwercman Aleksander , Lilja Hans 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDGenetic variants in KLK2 and KLK3 have been associated with increased serum concentrations of their encoded proteins, human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and with prostate cancer in older men. Low PSA concentrations in seminal plasma (SP) have been associated with low sperm motility. To evaluate whether KLK2 and KLK3 genetic variants affect physiological prostatic secretion, we studied the association of SNPs with hK2 and PSA concentrations in SP and serum of young, healthy men.METHODSLeukocyte DNA was extracted from 303 male military conscripts (median age 18.1 years). Nine SNPs across KLK2–KLK3 were genotyped. We measured PSA and hK2 in SP and serum using immunofluorometric assays. The association of genotype frequencies with hK2 and PSA concentrations was tested with the Kruskal–Wallis test.RESULTSFour KLK2 SNPs (rs198972, rs198977, rs198978, and rs80050017) were strongly associated with hK2 concentrations in SP and serum, with individuals homozygous for the major alleles having 3- to 7-fold higher concentrations than the intermediate concentrations found in other homozygotes and heterozygotes (all P &lt; 0.001). Three of these SNPs were significantly associated with percentage of free PSA (%fPSA) in serum (all P &lt; 0.007). Three KLK3 SNPs showed associations with PSA in SP, and the rs1058205 SNP was associated with total PSA in serum (P = 0.001) and %fPSA (P = 0.015).CONCLUSIONSAssociations observed in young, healthy men between the SP and serum concentrations of hK2 and PSA and several genetic variants in KLK2 and KLK3 could be useful to refine models of PSA cutoff values in prostate cancer testing.
Charged spaces
Authors: Klein John R. , Peter John W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Let C be a model category with an initial object

⌀

${\varnothing }$

and functorial factorizations. Let

S
:
C
→
C

${S : C \rightarrow C}$

be the suspension functor.
An object X of C is said to be charged if it comes equipped
with a map

S
⌀
→
X

${S \varnothing \rightarrow X}$

.
If Y is any object of C, then S
Y has a preferred charge, given by
applying suspension to the map

⌀
→
Y

${\varnothing \rightarrow Y}$

. This motivates the question of whether
a given charged object is a suspension up to a weak equivalence in a way that preserves charge structures.
We study this question in the context
of spaces over a given space, where we give a complete obstruction in a certain metastable range. As an application we show how this can be used to study when an embedding
into a smooth manifold of the form N×I compresses to an embedding into N.
Solving a System of Linear and Nonlinear Fractional Partial Differential Equations Using Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Matinfar M. , Saeidy M. , Eslami M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for systems of fractional differential equations using the homotopy perturbation method. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The application of homotopy perturbation method, developed for differential equations of integer order, is extended to derive approximate analytical solutions of systems of fractional differential equations. The solutions of our model equations are calculated in the form of convergent series through easily computable components. Using symbolic computation, some examples are solved as illustrations. The numerical results show that the approach is accurate and easy to implement, when applied to systems of fractional differential equations. The method introduces a promising tool for solving many linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations.
Yvain among Friars
Authors: Bandlien Bjørn 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:
This article focuses on the cultural context of a late medieval manuscript of Herr Ivan, the Old Swedish translation of Chrétien de Troyes’ Yvain. This manuscript (Stockholm, Riksarkivet, E 8822 fol.) is unique in several respects. First, its language shows that it was adapted for a Norwegian, rather than Swedish, audience. Second, it is the only manuscript of Herr Ivan that contains almost exclusively devotional poems. Third, according to a note in the manuscript, it was compiled by Friar Johannes of Nidaros, a Franciscan living in Trondheim in the third quarter of the fifteenth century. Thus, while the most recent studies of the Swedish work indicate that the translator skilfully adapted Chrétien’s romance for a Swedish court audience in the early fourteenth century, E 8822 suggests that Norwegian Franciscans found Herr Ivan proper in a devotional context as well. To understand Friar Johannes’s purpose in compiling the manuscript, the uses of romances and poetry by medieval Franciscans are discussed. Saint Francis of Assisi himself used Arthurian imagery in his preaching, and especially in Italy and England the medieval Franciscans have been connected to the development of the religious lyric in the vernacular and the increase in the use of popular narratives in preaching. Still, very few Franciscan manuscripts of Arthurian romances survive in medieval Europe. Many friars perceived these romances as challenging. In the case of Friar Johannes, it is argued here that the potential in the hero’s encounter with the hermit was used to show the laity how important it was to turn to the Franciscans for spiritual guidance. From being a romance meant for the knightly élite, E 8822 was later reoriented to address a wider audience, especially the wealthy farmers in the parishes, perhaps in order to attract gifts from the pious. In return for donations the Franciscans offered donors a part of the good deeds of the friars. The article suggests that Herr Ivan was performed at local gatherings, such as weddings or guild feasts. On such occasions, the friars could use both Herr Ivan as well as the devotional poems in the manuscript to generate emotional responses in the audience, although this audience was much wider and different to the one in the mind of the Swedish translator in the early fourteenth century.
Degrees of Veracity in the Morte Darthur: Elements of Malory’s Chronicle Style*This article began as a contribution to the round table in honour of Edward Donald Kennedy on the topic ‘Chronicles and Romance’, which took place at the XXIIIrd Triennial Congress of the International Arthurian Society in Bristol (2011), and remains dedicated to Professor Kennedy both for his scholarship and great generosity.
Authors: Crofts Thomas H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract:
Within his masterful use of the chronicle style, which imparts at least a provisional truth value to the subject, Sir Thomas Malory’s prose implies varying and shifting levels of veracity. The Morte Darthur’s famous incipit ‘Hit befell’ – a characteristic feature of the chronicle style – may suggest the matter’s historical veracity on the one hand, even if, on the other, it may signal an unhistorical tale imitating an historical one. Again, Malory consistently backs up the authority, or veracity, of a statement with reference to ‘the French book’. Elsewhere he purports to relate only ‘auctorysed’ events. However, when he is narrating King Arthur’s death, Malory must distinguish the truth value of his account from that of ‘men in many parts of England’ who say that Arthur will return from Avalon and ‘he shall wynne the Holy Crosse’. Malory’s own historiography requires that he reject such hearsay. This, however, is a most cherished piece of hearsay; as I argue, Malory’s prose reflects the care with which he must proceed to its rejection. By what standard, in a text founded overwhelmingly on romance traditions, does Malory sort out the ‘real’ story of Arthur’s death and burial from the ‘false’ one? More generally, at what point before Arthur’s death did we enter a self-consciously historical or unhistorical representation of history? What consistency can we impute any particular level of truth in the Morte? The rhetorical conventions Malory uses are those of a chronicler, but, as I shall argue, the romance-nature of his material keeps him, and his reader, alert to just such questions.
An Insertion Rate Model for Pile Installation in Sand by Jetting
Authors: Gabr M. A. , Borden Roy H. , Denton R. L. , Smith Alex W. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The use of jetting is an approach to aid the installation of piles, especially in areas that have hard but relatively shallow subsurface soil layers. Jetting piles for a portion of their installation depth minimize their exposure to excessive driving stress and provide energy savings and noise reduction. However, the literature offers little information regarding the appropriate selection of jetting parameters, such as flow rate and jet velocity, which are needed to produce the desired installation times as a function of soil strength. This paper presents a model for estimating pile jetting parameters based on the results from laboratory and field testing. The model is based on an idealization of the applied shear stress that is produced by the jet as well as the soil resistance to pile insertion. The model is applied to 19 field installations where the jetted depths of the piles range from 10–34 ft. The field data yield ratios of 6–20 for the jet flow rate (Qw) to the rate of the pile volume insertion in terms of time (Qp), with the lower ratios associated with higher jet velocities. The proposed model yields an estimated Qw/Qp that is within +/− 20 % of the measured values.