bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs receiving cyclophosphamide orally for three days without concurrent furosemide as part of a chemotherapeutic treatment for lymphoma: 57 cases (2007–2012)
Authors: Best Matthew P. , Fry Darren R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the incidence of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) and other adverse effects in dogs following oral administration of the single-day, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of cyclophosphamide divided over 3 days as part of a multiagent chemotherapy protocol for treatment of lymphoma without concurrent administration of furosemide.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—57 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with lymphoma that underwent the described cyclophosphamide treatment. Information was obtained regarding signalment, lymphoma stage, concurrent diseases, cyclophosphamide doses administered, adverse effects (including SHC), remission rates, and outcomes. The incidence of SHC was compared with that of literature-derived historical control groups that received the MTD of cyclophosphamide as a single, 1-day dose with or without furosemide treatment.
Results—None of the 57 dogs developed SHC during the study period. Forty-seven of 57 (82%) dogs had complete remission of lymphoma. Other adverse effects were uncommon and self-limiting; no dogs had myelosuppression, and only 5 had mild gastrointestinal effects. Incidence of SHC was significantly lower than that reported for historical control dogs that received cyclophosphamide as a single dose without furosemide (24/219) and was not significantly different from that for historical control dogs that received cyclophosphamide as a single dose with furosemide (2/139).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No dogs in this study had SHC following oral administration of the single-day MTD of cyclophosphamide divided over a 3-day period without furosemide administration. Further research is needed to confirm whether this method of cyclophosphamide administration is equivalent or superior to the current single-dose administration method.
Inhibition of Digestive α-Amylases from Chilo Suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by a Proteinaceous Extract of Citrullus Colocynthis L. (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Valizadeh Bita , Zibaee Arash , Sendi Jalal Jalali 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The striped rice-stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) is one of the most important pest of rice worldwide. In this study, a proteinaceous extract from Citrullus colocynthis L. shows various degrees of inhibition to digestive α-amylases of C. suppressalis. Digestive α-amylases of larvae were inhibited by different concentrations (approximately 50%) of C. colocynthis amylase inhibitor (CCAI). One of the isozymes totally disappeared and the sharpness of another decreased on native-PAGE electrophoresis. The pH dependency of inhibition revealed that the enzyme was inhibited in a wide range of pH from 7-10, and the optimal pH of the enzyme occurred in lepidopteran larvae. The highest inhibition of α-amylase by CCAI was observed at 25°C; the temperature near the optimal temperature of amylolytic activity. A time-course experiment demonstrated that enzymatic activity was the highest, 30 min after the onset of the experiment, when the highest inhibition occurred. The enzyme kinetic studies using Lineweaver-Burk analysis, revealed a mixed inhibition of CCAI on α-amylase activity. The current study is the first basic one using α-amylase inhibitor against C. suppressalis. This study opens the way for transgenic rice varieties containing inhibitors
Evaluation of some Accessions of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna Subterranean L. Verdc) for Resistance to Bruchid Infestation, Based on Grain Source and Seed Coat Colour
Authors: Echezona Bonaventure Chukwujindu , Amuji Chinedu Felix , Eze Simon 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The relative susceptibility of different accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc) to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) was assessed in a laboratory trial in Nigeria. Treatments were comprised factorial combinations of four grain sources from Nigeria (Enugu, Anambra, Benue and Kogi state) and three predominantly contrasting seed coat colours (black, brown, and milky-colour) laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were four replications of each treatment. Egg depositions by adult C. maculatus were affected by grain sources such that ovipositions on those sourced from the state of Anambra were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those from other sources. Similarly, black coloured grains harboured more insects and eggs compared to other seed coat colours. Accesssions collected from Benue and/or those with a milky-coloured seed coat showed some levels of oviposition deterrence. However, the interaction of grain source and seed coat colour was not significant based on oviposition, adult emergence, and mortality counts. Grain sources and seed coat colour were, therefore, important traits to be considered while selecting ideotypes for resistance to C. maculatus
Effect of Neem Pesticide (Achook) on Midgut Enzymatic Activities and Selected Biochemical Compounds in the Hemolymph of Lesser Mulberry Pyralid, Glyphodes Pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Khosravi Roya , Sendi Jalal Jalali 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Synthetic organic compounds and those of plant origin used in insect pest control are known to affect digestive enzymes and biochemical compounds. The lesser mulberry pyralid Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is a monophagous and dangerous pest of mulberry that has been recently observed in Guilan province, northern Iran. In this study the effect of the neem formulation, Achook (0.03% azadirachtin) was studied on nutritional physiology and gut enzyme activity of the lesser mulberry pyralid G. pyloalis. The LC25, LC50, and LC90 values on 4th instar larvae were estimated as 113.6, 256.84, and 1,210.02 ppm, respectively. The neem insecticide exhibited a significant antifeedant activity when used at the highest concentration. When G. pyloalis larvae were provided with mulberry leaves treated with the neem extract, all nutritional indices, except approximate digestibility, decreased. Neem was found to affect digestive enzyme activities in the midgut of treated larvae. When larvae were fed on treated leaves, biochemical compounds in the hemolymph, such as protein, lipid, and glucose decreased but the amount of uric acid increased compared with the control
Prey Density Dependent Life Table of Aphidoletes Aphidomyza Rondani (Dip., Cecidomyiidae) Feeding on Aphis Craccivora Koch (Hem., Aphididae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Madahi Khadijeh , Sahragard Ahad , Hossieni Reza 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The life table provides an integrated and comprehensive description of development times, survivorship, and reproduction of a population. Life table parameters of aphidophagous midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Dip., Cecidomyiidae) on different densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80) of third instar nymphs of Aphis craccivora Koch as prey, were studiedat (25±1°C, 70±5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h). There were no significant differences among the adult pre-ovipositional periods (APOP) at different prey densities. The total pre-ovipositional period (TPOP) of female A. aphidimyza was reduced significantly as prey density increased. The oviposition period was significantly different at varying prey densities. It was 4.333±0.211 and 5.625±0.324 days at the lowest and highest prey densities, respectively. Female longevity was also significantly different at varying prey densities. Fecundity was directly dependent on prey density (R2 = 0.990). The lowest fecundity was obtained at a density of 5 prey (52.5±1.544 eggs) and the highest was at a density of 80 prey, per day (121.375±4.301 eggs). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was prey density dependent (R2 = 0.958), and ranged from 0.122±0.017 to 0.193±0.014 d-1 as prey density increased. The net reproductive rate (R0) was significantly increased as prey density increased. The peak reproductive values showed that female aphidophagous midges at the age of 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 days made the highest contribution to the population at different prey densities. It was concluded that the increase in the densitits of third instar nymphs of A. craccivora had significant effects on demographic parameters of A. aphidimyza
Abamectin Induced Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in the Albino Rat, Rattus Norvegicus
Authors: Abd-Elhady Hany Kamal , Abou-Elghar Gamal Elsayed 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Abamectin (Avermectin B1a), is a natural fermentation product derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Abamectin (Avermectin B1a) is widely used as an insecticide, acaricide, and anthelmintic. The present study assessed the effects of repeated subacute and subchronic exposure to the commercial formulation of abamectin (Vertemic, 1.8% EC) in albino male rats. The toxic effects of abamectin were studied. The various biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were noted. A stomach tube was used to orally administer sublethal doses of abamectin suspended in corn oil to the rats. The animals were divided into four groups. Rats of the group T1 were orally administered a sublethal dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) (1/10 LD50) three times a week for 30 days and the animals in group T2 were exposed to 10 mg/kg b.wt. (1/30 LD50) for 210 days, once a week. Two control groups (C1 and C2) were used in parallel studies, where animals were administered a corn oil vehicle. At the end of the study period, blood samples were collected from all groups to measure plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, and the levels of creatinine and urea. Also, total protein and RNA contents were determined in the liver and kidney tissues. Changes in biochemical parameters were more intense in male rats from group T2 than those reported in group T1. The levels of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine were significantly elevated in rats from group T2 when compared to the control. In group T2, a significant decrease in the levels of total protein and RNA in both the liver and kidneys was observed. Fertility was also significantly reduced in male rats ingesting abamectin in group T2. The number of offspring was significantly reduced. Histopathological changes were more intense in male rats from group T2 than those from group T1. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that subchronic oral administration of abamectin altered some biochemical parameters which correlated with histopathological changes
Comparative Efficacy of Garlic Clove and Castor Seed Aqueous Extracts Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita Infecting Tomato Plants
Authors: El-Nagdi Wafaa Mohamed Abd-Elhameed , Youssef Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A greenhouse experiment using aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) cloves and castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds, to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv. Super strain B, was conducted. The plant materials were diluted with distilled water; the concentration was 10 g/100 ml. Four-week old tomato seedlings were planted in pots and arranged in a completely randomized block design for a treatment of five replicates. Approximately 2,000 juveniles of root knot nematode were pipetted around each plant. The botanical extracts were either soil drenched or foliar sprayed, for each pot. Cadusafos 10G (Rugby) as a nematicide, and non-treated pots served as the control. Results showed that tomato is susceptible to M. incognita infection. Botanical extracts were more effective and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced nematode criteria including number of galls and egg masses on roots of tomato and number of juveniles in roots and soil, compared to nematicide and non-treated plants. In general, a high dilution of the tested materials caused higher increases in lengths and weights of shoots and numbers and weights of fruits than those occurred by a low dilution
Eastern borderlands as ‘cordon sanitaire’: Romanian and Polish frontiers in interwar geopolitics
Authors: Anghel Florin 
Published: September 2013

STRESZCZENIEAutor wskazuje, iż ogłoszenie 16 lutego 1918 r. w Tarybie niepodległości Litwy nie wywarło większego wrażenia na kołach dyplomatycznych Rumunii. Trwała jeszcze wojna, a król, parlament oraz rząd rumuński znajdowali się w Jassach. Stąd zarówno król, jak i premier Marghiloman dostrzegali rozwój rewolucji bolszewickiej, ale też w marcu tego roku żołnierze rumuńscy weszli do Besarabii, która złożyła deklarację połączenia się z Rumunią. Na przełomie lat 1918 i 1919 elity polityczne Bukaresztu podjęły próbę budowy „kordonu sanitarnego” pomiędzy Bałtykiem a Morzem Czarnym. Realizując ten plan, mimo pewnego oporu Polski, Rumunia 24 sierpnia 1924 r. uznała oficjalnie Litwę. W czasie polsko-rumuńskich rozmów dyplomatycznych strona rumuńska twierdziła, że Litwa właśnie powinna być wspólnym sojusznikiem Polski i Rumunii w konstruowaniu owego kordonu, zamykającego drogę ekspansji Rosji Radzieckiej. Wynikało to m.in. z faktu, iż nie znaleziono perspektyw do nawiązania stosunków pomiędzy Bukaresztem a Kownem. Dyplomaci, politycy, elity kulturalne jakby obawiały się przełamania barier pomiędzy obydwoma krajami i narodami.
Pneumococcal Components Induce Regulatory T Cells That Attenuate the Development of Allergic Airways Disease by Deviating and Suppressing the Immune Response to Allergen
Authors: Thorburn Alison N. , Brown Alexandra C. , Nair Prema M. , Chevalier Nina , Foster Paul S. , Gibson Peter G. , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to suppress aberrant inflammation and immunity has potential as a therapeutic strategy for asthma. Recently, we identified key immunoregulatory components of Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 3 polysaccharide and pneumolysoid (T+P), which suppress allergic airways disease (AAD) in mouse models of asthma. To elucidate the mechanisms of suppression, we have now performed a thorough examination of the role of Tregs. BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA (day 0) i.p. and challenged intranasal (12–15 d later) to induce AAD. T+P was administered intratracheally at the time of sensitization in three doses (0, 12, and 24 h). T+P treatment induced an early (36 h–4 d) expansion of Tregs in the mediastinal lymph nodes, and later (12–16 d) increases in these cells in the lungs, compared with untreated allergic controls. Anti-CD25 treatment showed that Treg-priming events involving CD25, CCR7, IL-2, and TGF-β were required for the suppression of AAD. During AAD, T+P-induced Tregs in the lungs displayed a highly suppressive phenotype and had an increased functional capacity. T+P also blocked the induction of IL-6 to prevent the Th17 response, attenuated the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and reduced the number of DCs carrying OVA in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. Therefore, bacterial components (T+P) drive the differentiation of highly suppressive Tregs, which suppress the Th2 response, prevent the Th17 response and disable the DC response resulting in the effective suppression of AAD.
Increased Susceptibility to Pulmonary Pseudomonas Infection in Splunc1 Knockout Mice
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Di Marissa E. , Chu Hong Wei , Liu Xinyu , Wang Ling , Wenzel Sally , Di Y. Peter 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The airway epithelium is the first line of host defense against pathogens. The short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (SPLUNC)1 protein is secreted in respiratory tracts and is a member of the bacterial/permeability increasing (BPI) fold–containing protein family, which shares structural similarities with BPI-like proteins. On the basis of its homology with BPIs and restricted expression of SPLUNC1 in serous cells of submucosal glands and surface epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, SPLUNC1 is thought to possess antimicrobial activity in host defense. SPLUNC1 is also reported to have surfactant properties, which may contribute to anti-biofilm defenses. The objective of this study was to determine the in vivo functions of SPLUNC1 following Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and to elucidate the underlying mechanism by using a knockout (KO) mouse model with a genetic ablation of Splunc1. Splunc1 KO mice showed accelerated mortality and increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection with significantly decreased survival rates, increased bacterial burdens, exaggerated tissue injuries, and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels as compared with those of their wild-type littermates. Increased neutrophil infiltration in Splunc1 KO mice was accompanied by elevated chemokine levels, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Ccl20. Furthermore, the expression of several epithelial secretory proteins and antimicrobial molecules was considerably suppressed in the lungs of Splunc1 KO mice. The deficiency of Splunc1 in mouse airway epithelium also results in increased biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Taken together, our results support that the ablation of Splunc1 in mouse airways affects the mucociliary clearance, resulting in decreased innate immune response during Pseudomonas-induced respiratory infection.
Ablation of Peroxiredoxin II Attenuates Experimental Colitis by Increasing FoxO1-Induced Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Won Hee Yeon , Jang Eun Jung , Lee Kihyun , Oh Sera , Kim Hyo Kyung , Woo Hyun Ae , Kang Sang Won , Yu Dae-Yeul , Rhee Sue-Goo , Hwang Eun Sook 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II is an intracellular antioxidant molecule that eliminates hydrogen peroxide, employing a high substrate-binding affinity. PrxII deficiency increases the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species in many types of cells, which may increase reactive oxygen species–mediated inflammation. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of PrxII knockout (KO) mice to experimentally induced colitis and the effects of PrxII on the immune system. Wild-type mice displayed pronounced weight loss, high mortality, and colon shortening after dextran sulfate sodium administration, whereas colonic inflammation was significantly attenuated in PrxII KO mice. Although macrophages were hyperactivated in PrxII KO mice, the amount of IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by CD4+ T cells was substantially reduced. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were elevated, and Foxp3 protein expression was increased in the absence of PrxII in vitro and in vivo. Restoration of PrxII into KO cells suppressed the increased Foxp3 expression. Interestingly, endogenous PrxII was inactivated through hyperoxidation during Treg cell development. Furthermore, PrxII deficiency stabilized FoxO1 expression by reducing mouse double minute 2 homolog expression and subsequently activated FoxO1-mediated Foxp3 gene transcription. PrxII overexpression, in contrast, reduced FoxO1 and Foxp3 expression. More interestingly, adoptive transfer of naive CD4+ T cells from PrxII KO mice into immune-deficient mice attenuated T cell–induced colitis, with a reduction in mouse double minute 2 homolog expression and an increase in FoxO1 and Foxp3 expression. These results suggest that inactivation of PrxII is important for the stability of FoxO1 protein, which subsequently mediates Foxp3+ Treg cell development, thereby attenuating colonic inflammation.
Identifying the Initiating Events of Anti-ListeriaResponses Using Mice with Conditional Loss of IFN-γ Receptor Subunit 1 (IFNGR1)
Authors: Lee Sang Hun , Carrero Javier A. , Uppaluri Ravindra , White J. Michael , Archambault Jessica M. , Lai Koon Siew , Chan Szeman Ruby , Sheehan Kathleen C. F. , Unanue Emil R. , Schreiber Robert D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAlthough IFN-γ is required for resolution of Listeria monocytogenes infection, the identities of the IFN-γ–responsive cells that initiate the process remain unclear. We addressed this question using novel mice with conditional loss of IFN-γR (IFNGR1). Itgax-cre+Ifngr1f/f mice with selective IFN-γ unresponsiveness in CD8α+ dendritic cells displayed increased susceptibility to infection. This phenotype was due to the inability of IFN-γ–unresponsive CD8α+ dendritic cells to produce the initial burst of IL-12 induced by IFN-γ from TNF-α–activated NK/NKT cells. The defect in early IL-12 production resulted in increased IL-4 production that established a myeloid cell environment favoring Listeria growth. Neutralization of IL-4 restored Listeria resistance in Itgax-cre+Ifngr1f/f mice. We also found that Itgax-cre+Ifngr1f/f mice survived infection with low-dose Listeria as the result of a second wave of IL-12 produced by Ly6Chi monocytes. Thus, an IFN-γ–driven cascade involving CD8α+ dendritic cells and NK/NKT cells induces the rapid production of IL-12 that initiates the anti-Listeria response.
Major discrepancies between clinical and postmortem diagnoses in critically ill cancer patients: Is autopsy still useful?
Authors: Khawaja Owais , Khalil Mohammad , Zmeili Omar , Soubani Ayman O 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective: Describe the major discrepancies between the clinical and postmortem findings in critically ill cancer patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU). Materials and Methods: Retrospectively review of the medical records of all cancer patients who were admitted to the MICU and underwent postmortem examination over 6 year period. The records were reviewed for demographics, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, clinical cause of death, and postmortem findings. Results: There were 70 patients who had complete medical records. Mean age was 54.7 years (standard deviation (SD) ±14.8 years). Twenty-six patients had hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (group I), 21 patients had hematological malignancies (group II), and 23 patients had solid malignancies (group III). The APACHE II score on admission to the MICU was 24.2 ± 8.0. Sixty-seven patients were mechanically ventilated, and the MICU stay was (mean ± SD) 9.0 ± 11.6 days. Major discrepancies between the clinical and postmortem diagnoses (Goldman classes I and II) were detected in 15 patients (21%). The most common missed diagnoses were aspergillosis, pulmonary embolism, and cancer recurrence. There were no differences between groups regarding the rate of major discrepancies. Conclusion: Despite the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill cancer patients, autopsies continue to show major discrepancies between the clinical and postmortem diagnoses. Autopsy is still useful in this patient population.
Combination of inflammatory and amlodipine induced gingival overgrowth in a patient with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar , Musalaiah S. V. V. S. , Nagasree M , Kumar P Aravind 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGingival overgrowth (GO) is among one of the most important clinical features of gingival pathology frequently seen in periodontal clinic. Amlodipine is a comparatively new calcium channel blocker and is being used with increasing frequency in the management of hypertension and angina. A 48-year-old Indian woman who was on amlodipine for 3 years for hypertension reported to the department of periodontics with the complaint of swollen, un esthetic gums. The patient developed GO 6 months before her first visit to dental hospital. She developed GO very rapidly due to the increase in amlodipine dose due to the severe angina attack 6 months before and due to the use of cholesterol (CHO) lowering drug. The main aim of the case report is to study the severity of amlodipine induced GO in a patient with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to identify the role of subgingival microorganisms on inflammatory gingival enlargement in the same patient. The severity and rapidity of gingival enlargement in this report could have been triggered by doubling the dose of amlodipine and concomitant use of CHO lowering drug.