bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Anti‐Insect Sachet Using a Polyvinyl Alcohol−Cinnamon Oil Polymer Strip Against Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Jo Heon‐Joo , Park Ki‐Moon , Min Sea C. , Na Ja Hyun , Park Ki Hwan , Han Jaejoon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlodia interpunctella is a major storage pest that penetrates into food packaging and causes serious economic losses, as well as posing health risks. The goal of this study was to develop effective anti‐insect polymer strips against P. interpunctella by using plant essential oil (EO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The EO of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, CO) bark was used as an insect repellent, and fumigant mortality and the repellent activity of CO were measured to evaluate subsistent anti‐insect properties through newly designed traps. Repellent activity was also examined with several foods to simulate the storage environment. The mortality rate with CO after fumigation for 120 h was 63%. In the repellent assay, CO‐treated strips, but not control strips, effectively repelled P. interpunctella in both “with foods” and “without foods” groups. A PVA–CO strip sachet (PCO sachet) was developed to control the volatility of CO, and the PCO sachet demonstrated robust repellent activity. The loading contents of CO at the center and edges of strips were 39.41% and 39.59%, respectively, and through the results of FT‐IR, it inferred that CO was physically diffused in the PVA polymer matrix, not forming chemical bonds. In a release test using a gas chromatography, the PCO sachet showed remarkable controlled release of CO. These results demonstrate that the anti‐insect effects of CO can be maintained throughout the distribution and storage periods of foods using PCO sachets.
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation from Hydrated Protein Drink Mixes
Authors: Boatright William L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGeneration of oxygen radicals upon hydration of powdered protein products was examined using luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence. Among individual proteins powders examined oxidative bursts occurred almost immediately, and then rapidly declined in the 1st 5 min. Commercially available powdered protein drink mixes behaved differently, with an initial lag phase followed by a sustained increase in luminol‑enhanced luminescence, lasting for an hour or beyond. The drink mix that produced the highest level of luminol‐enhanced luminescence also contained 379 nM ascorbate radical when hydrated (28 nmole/g of powdered drink mix). The entire ascorbic acid content of this drink mix was oxidized to nondetectable levels (using HPLC‐diode array detection) within 60 min of being hydrated. Treatment of the hydrated drink mixes with the enzyme catalase almost completely inhibited the luminol‐enhanced luminescence from the hydrated drink mix demonstrating that hydrogen peroxide generated via a chemical reaction among the drink mixes’ ingredients was a primary reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is the strongest oxidative capacity demonstrated in a food product as consumed (without any manipulation to increase ROS) and the 1st time that the ascrobate radical in a food product as been quantified. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in the hydrated drink mixes from metal catalyzed reactions involving oxygen and reducing equivalents from ascorbic acid is proposed.
Lipolysis, Lipid Peroxidation, and Color Characteristics of Serrano Hams from Duroc and Large White Pigs during Dry‐Curing
Authors: del Olmo Ana , Calzada Javier , Nuñez Manuel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLipolysis, lipid peroxidation, and colorimetric characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs along a 15‐mo curing period were investigated. Physicochemical parameters of both types of hams evolved similarly during curing. Twelve of 13 free fatty acids (FFAs) increased during curing, eicosatrienoic acid being the only exception. Linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids and the minor heptadecanoic acid reached lower concentrations, and the rest of minor FFAs higher concentrations, in Duroc hams than in Large White hams. The index measuring the early stage of lipid peroxidation declined from month 5 onwards, indicating that the phenomenon had been completed by month 5, while the index of the secondary stage of lipid peroxidation increased with curing time. Higher values were found for the 1st index in Duroc hams. Curing affected color parameters. Lightness decreased and redness increased in both types of hams, while yellowness decreased only in Duroc hams. Lower redness values were found for Duroc hams. Major differences in color parameters were found between muscles. Principal components analysis of FFAs yielded 2 main principal components. The 1st factor, correlated with all FFAs excepting eicosatrienoic acid, allowed discrimination between curing times. The 2nd factor, correlated with eicosatrienoic acid, permitted discrimination between breeds.
Mathematical Modeling and Microbiological Verification of Ohmic Heating of a Multicomponent Mixture of Particles in a Continuous Flow Ohmic Heater System with Electric Field Parallel to Flow
Authors: Kamonpatana Pitiya , Mohamed Hussein M. H. , Shynkaryk Mykola , Heskitt Brian , Yousef Ahmed E. , Sastry Sudhir K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo accomplish continuous flow ohmic heating of a low‐acid food product, sufficient heat treatment needs to be delivered to the slowest‐heating particle at the outlet of the holding section. This research was aimed at developing mathematical models for sterilization of a multicomponent food in a pilot‐scale ohmic heater with electric‐field‐oriented parallel to the flow and validating microbial inactivation by inoculated particle methods. The model involved 2 sets of simulations, one for determination of fluid temperatures, and a second for evaluating the worst‐case scenario. A residence time distribution study was conducted using radio frequency identification methodology to determine the residence time of the fastest‐moving particle from a sample of at least 300 particles. Thermal verification of the mathematical model showed good agreement between calculated and experimental fluid temperatures (P > 0.05) at heater and holding tube exits, with a maximum error of 0.6 °C. To achieve a specified target lethal effect at the cold spot of the slowest‐heating particle, the length of holding tube required was predicted to be 22 m for a 139.6 °C process temperature with volumetric flow rate of 1.0 × 10−4 m3/s and 0.05 m in diameter. To verify the model, a microbiological validation test was conducted using at least 299 chicken‐alginate particles inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes spores per run. The inoculated pack study indicated the absence of viable microorganisms at the target treatment and its presence for a subtarget treatment, thereby verifying model predictions.
Correction of location errors for presence‐only species distribution models
Authors: Hefley Trevor J. , Baasch David M. , Tyre Andrew J. , Blankenship Erin E. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Species distribution models (SDMs) for presence‐only data depend on accurate and precise measurements of geographical and environmental covariates that influence presence and abundance of the species. Some data sets, however, may contain both systematic and random errors in the recorded location of the species. Environmental covariates at the recorded location may differ from those at the true location and result in biased parameter estimates and predictions from SDMs.

Regression calibration is a well‐developed statistical method that can be used to correct the bias in estimated coefficients and predictions from SDMs when the recorded geographical location differs from the true location for some, but not all locations. We expand the application of regression calibration methods to SDMs and provide illustrative examples using simulated data and opportunistic records of whooping cranes (Grus americana).

We found we were able to successfully correct the bias in our SDM parameters estimated from simulated data and opportunistic records of whooping cranes using regression calibration.

When modelling species distributions with data that have geographical location errors, we recommend researchers consider the effect of location errors. Correcting for location errors requires that at least a portion of the data have locations recorded without error. Bias correction can result in an increase in variance; this increase in variance should be considered when evaluating the utility of bias correction.
Do women with a repeat termination of pregnancy prefer a medical or a surgical regimen?
Authors: Worm Frandsen Maja , Rørbye Christina , Nilas Lisbeth 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe compared the risk of a repeat termination and the method of termination in women with a prior medical or surgical termination, or both, in a cohort study of women with a pregnancy termination at gestational age ≤63 days in 1999–2001. Within 5 years, 24% (330/1379) had a repeat abortion, and repeat terminations were more frequent in the surgical [27% (159/588)] than the medical group [22% (171/791)] (p < 0.05). The method used at the repeat termination was medical in 49% (83/171) of women with an earlier medical termination, compared with 13% (21/159) (p < 0.01) in women with an earlier surgical termination. In 125 women who had experienced both procedures, 37% (46/125) of the next terminations were performed medically and 63% (79/125) surgically (p < 0.01). Women in our study with a repeat termination tended to choose the same method as used before, and more often a surgical termination.
Surrogate Measures and Consistent Surrogates
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSummarySurrogates which allow one to predict the effect of the treatment on the outcome of interest from the effect of the treatment on the surrogate are of importance when it is difficult or expensive to measure the primary outcome. Unfortunately, the use of such surrogates can give rise to paradoxical situations in which the effect of the treatment on the surrogate is positive, the surrogate and outcome are strongly positively correlated, but the effect of the treatment on the outcome is negative, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the “surrogate paradox.” New results are given for consistent surrogates that extend the existing literature on sufficient conditions that ensure the surrogate paradox is not manifest. Specifically, it is shown that for the surrogate paradox to be manifest it must be the case that either there is (i) a direct effect of treatment on the outcome not through the surrogate and in the opposite direction as that through the surrogate or (ii) confounding for the effect of the surrogate on the outcome, or (iii) a lack of transitivity so that treatment does not positively affect the surrogate for all the same individuals for whom the surrogate positively affects the outcome. The conditions for consistent surrogates and the results of the article are important because they allow investigators to predict the direction of the effect of the treatment on the outcome simply from the direction of the effect of the treatment on the surrogate. These results on consistent surrogates are then related to the four approaches to surrogate outcomes described by Joffe and Greene (2009, Biometrics 65, 530–538) to assess whether the standard criteria used by these approaches to assess whether a surrogate is “good” suffice to avoid the surrogate paradox.
Sharpening Bounds on Principal Effects with Covariates
Authors: Long Dustin M. , Hudgens Michael G. 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Estimation of treatment effects in randomized studies is often hampered by possible selection bias induced by conditioning on or adjusting for a variable measured post-randomization. One approach to obviate such selection bias is to consider inference about treatment effects within principal strata, that is, principal effects. A challenge with this approach is that without strong assumptions principal effects are not identifiable from the observable data. In settings where such assumptions are dubious, identifiable large sample bounds may be the preferred target of inference. In practice these bounds may be wide and not particularly informative. In this work we consider whether bounds on principal effects can be improved by adjusting for a categorical baseline covariate. Adjusted bounds are considered which are shown to never be wider than the unadjusted bounds. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for which the adjusted bounds will be sharper (i.e., narrower) than the unadjusted bounds. The methods are illustrated using data from a recent, large study of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. Using a baseline covariate indicating low birth weight, the estimated adjusted bounds for the principal effect of interest are 63% narrower than the estimated unadjusted bounds.
Robotic kidney transplantation with intraoperative regional hypothermia
Authors: Abaza Ronney , Ghani Khurshid R. , Sood Akshay , Ahlawat Rajesh , Kumar Ramesh K. , Jeong Wooju , Bhandari Mahendra , Kher Vijay , Menon Mani 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo describe a novel and reproducible technique of robotic kidney transplantation (RKT) that requires no repositioning, and permits intraoperative regional hypothermia.Patients and MethodsA GelPOINT™ (Applied Medical, Santa Ranchero, CA, USA) access port was used for delivery of ice‐slush and introduction of the graft kidney. The new RKT technique using ice‐slush has been performed in 39 patients.ResultsAt a mean follow‐up of 3 months all of the grafts functioned. There was a marked reduction in pain and analgesic requirement compared with patients undergoing open KT, with a propensity towards quicker graft recovery and lower complication rate.ConclusionRKT has been shown to be safe and feasible in patients undergoing living‐donor related KT. A prospective trial is underway to assess outcomes definitively.
Locomotion in ornithischian dinosaurs: an assessment using three‐dimensional computational modelling
Authors: Maidment Susannah C. R. , Bates Karl T. , Falkingham Peter L. , VanBuren Collin , Arbour Victoria , Barrett Paul M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOrnithischian dinosaurs were primitively bipedal with forelimbs modified for grasping, but quadrupedalism evolved in the clade on at least three occasions independently. Outside of Ornithischia, quadrupedality from bipedal ancestors has only evolved on two other occasions, making this one of the rarest locomotory transitions in tetrapod evolutionary history. The osteological and myological changes associated with these transitions have only recently been documented, and the biomechanical consequences of these changes remain to be examined. Here, we review previous approaches to understanding locomotion in extinct animals, which can be broadly split into form–function approaches using analogy based on extant animals, limb‐bone scaling, and computational approaches. We then carry out the first systematic attempt to quantify changes in locomotor muscle function in bipedal and quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaurs. Using three‐dimensional computational modelling of the major pelvic locomotor muscle moment arms, we examine similarities and differences among individual taxa, between quadrupedal and bipedal taxa, and among taxa representing the three major ornithischian lineages (Thyreophora, Ornithopoda, Marginocephalia). Our results suggest that the ceratopsidChasmosaurusand the ornithopodHypsilophodonhave relatively low moment arms for most muscles and most functions, perhaps suggesting poor locomotor performance in these taxa. Quadrupeds have higher abductor moment arms than bipeds, which we suggest is due to the overall wider bodies of the quadrupeds modelled. A peak in extensor moment arms at more extended hip angles and lower medial rotator moment arms in quadrupeds than in bipeds may be due to a more columnar hindlimb and loss of medial rotation as a form of lateral limb support in quadrupeds. We are not able to identify trends in moment arm evolution across Ornithischia as a whole, suggesting that the bipedal ancestry of ornithischians did not constrain the development of quadrupedal locomotionviaa limited number of functional pathways. Functional anatomy appears to have had a greater effect on moment arms than phylogeny, and the differences identified between individual taxa and individual clades may relate to differences in locomotor performance required for living in different environments or for clade‐specific behaviours.
MRI‐based abnormalities in young adults at risk of adverse bone health due to childhood‐onset metabolic & endocrine conditions
Authors: McComb C. , Harpur A. , Yacoubian C. , Leddy C. , Anderson G. , Shepherd S. , Perry C. , Shaikh M. G. , Foster J. , Ahmed S. F. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryObjectiveTraditional methods of bone densitometry may not provide a comprehensive assessment of bone health. We aimed to assess bone micro‐architecture and bone marrow adiposity (BMA) by MRI in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and endocrinopathy including GH deficiency and/or hypogonadism.MeasurementsHigh‐resolution micro‐MRI images were acquired at the tibia using 3T MRI to calculate parameters of bone micro‐architecture in seven adults with OI and 10 adults with endocrinopathies. MR Spectroscopy was performed in participants to calculate vertebral BMA, which was expressed as percentage fat fraction (%FF). Lumbar spine DXA was performed to assess bone mineral density. The MRI data were compared with a group of 22 healthy adults who were divided into two age‐matched control groups.ResultsIntra‐operator repeatability was high, with an average CoV of 1% for micro‐MRI and 2·5% for MRS. The ratio of apparent bone volume to total volume (appBV/TV) in the endocrinopathy and OI groups was lower than in age‐matched control groups (P = 0·003 and P = 0·008 respectively). A weak association between DXA BMD and appBV/TV was also observed (r = 0·5, P = 0·045). %FF was higher in the endocrinopathy group than in the age‐matched control group (P = 0·005), but no difference in %FF was observed between the OI group and their age‐matched control group (P = 0·26).ConclusionsMRI provides valuable detailed information on the micro‐architecture and adiposity of bones and is capable of showing clear differences in bone parameters in a range of clinical conditions associated with abnormal bone health.
Utility of additional tissue sections in dermatopathology: diagnostic, clinical and financial implications
Authors: Stuart Lauren N. , Rodriguez Adrianna S. , Gardner Jerad M. , Foster Toby E. , MacKelfresh Jamie , Parker Douglas C. , Chen Suephy C. , Stoff Benjamin K. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAs histopathologic assessment is subject to sampling error, some institutions ‘preorder’ deeper sections on some or all cases (hereafter referred to as prospective deeper sections), while others order additional sections only when needed (hereafter referred to as retrospective deeper sections). We investigated how often additional sections changed a diagnosis and/or clinical management. Given the recent decrease in reimbursement for CPT‐code 88305, we also considered the financial implications of ordering additional sections.MethodsCases (n = 204) were assigned a preliminary diagnosis, based on review of the initial slide, and a final diagnosis, after reviewing additional sections. Cases with discordant diagnoses were assessed by two dermatologists, who indicated whether the change in diagnosis altered clinical management. Expenses were estimated for three scenarios: (a) no additional sections, (b) prospective deeper sections and (c) retrospective deeper sections.ResultsDiagnoses were modified in 9% of cases, which changed clinical management in 56% of these cases. Lesions obtained by punch‐biopsy and inflammatory lesions were disproportionately overrepresented amongst cases with changed diagnoses (p < 0.001, p = 0.12, respectively). The cost of prospective deeper sections and retrospective deeper sections represented a 56% and 115% increase over base costs, respectively. Labor costs, particularly the cost of dermatopathologist evaluation, were the most significant cost‐drivers.ConclusionsWhile additional sections improve diagnostic accuracy, they delay turn‐around‐time and increase expenditures. In our practice, prospective deeper sections are cost effective, however, this may vary by institution.
Microbial enzyme activities, fungal biomass and quality of the litter and upper soil layer in a beech forest of south Italy
Authors: Papa S. , Cembrola E. , Pellegrino A. , Fuggi A. , Fioretto A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryForest soils contain a large amount of organic matter (OM) and therefore represent a considerable carbon reserve. The amount of OM sequestered in the soil is dependent on annual input of litter and its quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity and quality of OM, the microbial capacity to degrade it and its recalcitrance to further degradation, by considering some extracellular enzyme activities in a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest in south Italy (Mediterranean area). Our attention was focused on the decomposition continuum of the litter horizon and upper soil layer. Because fungi are the major decomposers of plant material, fungal biomass was also measured and its relationship with enzyme activities was tested. The results showed that: (i) the litter horizon and the upper soil layer differed in chemical characteristics and biological activities; (ii) within the litter horizon, the three layers detected for their different degree of degradation (L, recently fallen, not decomposed and not compressed material; F, partially decomposed and fragmented but macroscopically recognizable material; H, compressed and strongly fragmented) differed more in chemical characteristics than in biological activities; (iii) the enzyme activities and fungal biomass changed during the study period but a clear relationship with succession of seasons was evident only for cellulase, laccase, peroxidase and fungal biomass; and (iv) the upper soil layer included 42% OM and less than 50% of that was susceptible to further decomposition. This percentage was 30% in the OM of L.
A model for predicting the mixed‐mode fatigue crack growth in a bonded joint
Authors: Marannano G. , Pasta A. , Giallanza A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBonded joints are highly sensitive to the presence of defects and to the degradation phenomena, and this aspect represents the primary obstacle to their use in different structural engineering applications. Delamination in a bonded joint represents, in fact, one of the primary, most common and insidious causes of damage. In this paper, a numerical–experimental study on the crack propagation along the adhesive layer of a bonded joint specimen is carried out. Experimental study is focused on the evaluation of the damage modalities of a bonded joint when the specimens are subject to fatigue load. Experimental tests are compared with the results of several numerical analysis performed in ANSYS environment. A crack growth model is implemented in the finite element method solver and allows the simulation of the progressive delamination process. Comparison between numerical results and experimental tests allows to identify the descriptive numerical parameters of fatigue crack propagation, which may be used in the structures design.