bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of radiation re-absorption in the thermal helium beam diagnostic
Authors: Ugoletti M. , Agostini M. , La Matina M. , Scarin P. , Wang Y. , Wüthrich C. , Theiler C. , Andrebe Y. , Griener M. , Zuin M. ,   TCV Team,   WPTE Team
Published: August 2024

The Thermal Helium Beam (THB) is a diagnostic for simultaneously measuring the electron temperature and density profiles of the plasma edge and scrape off layer (SOL). It exploits the line ratio technique of selected He line intensities, emitted by He gas puffed inside the plasma, to locally estimate the plasma properties through a dedicated collisional radiative model (CRM). Standard THB diagnostics used in nuclear fusion devices measure three HeI emission lines: 667.8, 706.5, and 728.1 nm. For the RFP experiment RFX-mod2, a new THB is designed and tested for the first time at the TCV tokamak. It acquires an additional emission line at 501.6 nm, which is exploited to estimate the radiation re-absorption, which is not negligible in regions of large neutral He densities (leading to high re-absorption) and simultaneously low electron density and temperature (lack of other excitation channels). It affects the measurements most strongly at the far SOL, while the significance of re-absorption decreases as it approaches the separatrix. In this paper, plasma density and temperature profiles of the plasma edge at the outboard midplane of TCV, measured with this newly designed THB, are presented. For the first time, the effect of radiation re-absorption on the estimation of electron temperature and density profiles is experimentally measured in a tokamak using the 501 nm line emission intensity. Different CRMs are compared with and without radiation re-absorption, showing good agreement when re-absorption is included and demonstrating how it plays an important role in the far SOL, as expected.
Three-dimensional FSI simulation of cell entrapment utilizing acoustic interparticle force in a standing acoustic field
Authors: Hafezi Kamran , Saghafian Mohsen , Saeidi Davood , Aghaie Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant development in microfluidic devices for cell separation and sorting using acoustic methods in biomedical applications. The acoustic interparticle force (AIF) or the secondary acoustic radiation force arises from particle interactions with the scattered field of other particles, influencing particle motion at close ranges and facilitating optimal trapping and separation. This study analyzes a two-particle system consisting of a fixed particle and a white blood cell (WBC) within a standing acoustic field and creeping flow using fluid-structure interaction (FSI). To reduce computational costs by decoupling the acoustics and FSI, the acoustic pressure equation was solved on the frequency domain to calculate the total acoustic radiation force in each time step. Model accuracy was assessed by evaluating interparticle (AIF) and primary acoustic radiation force (ARF) on a polystyrene particle and comparing simulation results to analytical and experimental data. Results demonstrate the precise primary ARF computation, with discrepancies in AIF attributed to viscous losses near the particle surface. Moreover, the higher density of the fixed particle compared to WBCs induces significant acoustic interparticle attraction at close distances. Consequently, cell entrapment occurs through strong attraction and collision with fixed aluminum and silicon particles in creeping flow in all three Reynolds numbers 1.4 × 10−3, 2.1 × 10−3, and 3 × 10−3. Increasing Reynolds numbers augment the likelihood of cell separation from the fixed particle. These findings contribute to optimizing cell isolation and entrapment strategies.
Quantum design of magnetic structures with enhanced magnetocaloric properties
Authors: Regeciová Lubomíra , Farkašovský Pavol 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The magnetization processes and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of molecular magnets are studied using the quantum Heisenberg model with the goal of finding magnetic structures with optimal magnetocaloric properties. To fulfill this goal, we examine the influence of various factors such as quantum fluctuations, the magnitude and distribution of spins, the cluster size and its geometry on the conventional (cooling) and inverse (heating) MCE. We find, surprisingly, that the best cooling and heating effects are observed in the Ising limit on the smallest possible molecular clusters represented by dimers and trimers. The increasing Heisenberg interaction suppresses both the cooling as well as heating effects, but while the heating is reduced very strongly, for relatively small values of the anisotropic Heisenberg constant, the cooling effects are reduced only weakly. Since the heating effect is undesired in low-temperature refrigeration, the Heisenberg limit is also interesting from a practical point of view. Moreover, we find that spin distributions also have a significant influence on the magnetocaloric properties of molecular magnets. Specifically, configurations with large spins on the edges of the finite chain significantly enhance the cooling effect.
Solution and solubility of H atoms at the W/Cu interface
Authors: Silva-Solís Y , Denis J , Hodille E A , Ferro Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Metallic interfaces are locations where hydrogen (H) is expected to segregate and lead to the formation and stabilization of defects. This work focuses on the tungsten/copper (W/Cu) interface built according to the

W

bcc

(
001
)

/

Cu

hcp

(
11

2
―

0
)

orientation. H behavior is subsequently determined at the interface and in its vicinity with electronic structure calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). The electronic and vibrational properties determined in this way followed a thermodynamic treatment to deliver the solubility of H as a function of the temperature and chemical potential. The 96 interstitial positions we investigated reveal that H predominantly occupies the octahedral (Oh) sites in the copper network. Reversely, H exclusively occupies the tetrahedral (Td) sites in the tungsten network. The solubility of H is higher in the interface plane where both octahedral and tetrahedral sites are occupied. Despite this work is a first step toward kinetic modeling of hydrogen transport across the W/Cu interface, we conclude that the

W

bcc

(
001
)

/

Cu

hcp

(
11

2
―

0
)

would behave like a sink where hydrogen isotopes could accumulate.
Evaluation of radiation dose to the lens in interventional cardiology physicians before and after dose limit regulation changes
Authors: Sagehashi Kodai , Haga Yoshihiro , Takahira Saki , Tanabe Mako , Nakamura Mio , Sota Masahiro , Kaga Yuji , Abe Mitsuya , Tada Norio , Chida Koichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In response to the International Commission on Radiological Protection, which lowered the lens equivalent dose limit, Japan lowered the lens dose limit from 150 mSv y−1 to 100 mSv/5 years and 50 mSv y−1, with this new rule taking effect on 1 April 2021. DOSIRIS® is a dosimeter that can accurately measure lens dose. Herein, we investigated lens dose in interventional cardiology physicians 1 year before and after the reduction of the lens dose limit using a neck dosimeter and lens dosimeter measurements. With an increase in the number of cases, both personal dose equivalent at 0.07 mm depth [Hp(0.07), neck dosimeter] and personal dose equivalent at 3 mm depth [Hp(3), lens dosimeter] increased for most of the physicians. The Hp(3) of the lens considering the shielding effect of the Pb glasses using lens dosimeter exceeded 20 mSv y−1 for two of the 14 physicians. Protection from radiation dose will become even more important in the future, as these two physicians may experience radiation dose exceeding 100 mSv/5 years. The average dose per procedure increased, but not significantly. There was a strong correlation between the neck dosimeter and lens dosimeter scores, although there was no significant change before and after the lens dose limit was lowered. This correlation was particularly strong for physicians who primarily treated patients. As such, it is possible to infer accurate lens doses from neck doses in physicians who primarily perform diagnostics. However, it is desirable to use a dosimeter that can directly measure Hp(3) because of the high lens dose.
Hamiltonians for the quantised Volterra hierarchy
Authors: Carpentier Sylvain , Mikhailov Alexander V , Ping Wang Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper builds upon our recent work, published in Carpentieret al(2022Lett. Math. Phys.11294), where we established that the integrable Volterra lattice on a free associative algebra and the whole hierarchy of its symmetries admit a quantisation dependent on a parameterω. We also uncovered an intriguing aspect: all odd-degree symmetries of the hierarchy admit an alternative, non-deformation quantisation, resulting in a non-commutative algebra for any choice of the quantisation parameterω. In this study, we demonstrate that each equation within the quantum Volterra hierarchy can be expressed in the Heisenberg form. We provide explicit expressions for all quantum Hamiltonians and establish their commutativity. In the classical limit, these quantum Hamiltonians yield explicit expressions for the classical ones of the commutative Volterra hierarchy. Furthermore, we present Heisenberg equations and their Hamiltonians in the case of non-deformation quantisation. Finally, we discuss commuting first integrals, central elements of the quantum algebra, and the integrability problem for periodic reductions of the Volterra lattice in the context of both quantisations.
Influence of power ramps on the physical properties of AZO thin films deposited at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering technique
Authors: Carranza A Cristina , Rosendo E , Pérez Ladrón de Guevara H , Morales C , Romano R , García G , Coyopol A , Galeazzi R , Zepeda J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by RF sputtering technique. Power ramps between 125 and 105 W were applied with a step of 4 W by intervals of 15, 7.5 and 1.8 min, for 180 min at 1.60 Pa. In this study, we investigated the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of AZO films. X-ray Diffraction analysis showed that the films have a wurtzite-type hexagonal crystalline structure with a preferential crystallographic orientation (002) normal to the c axis. The average transmittance is greater than 76% for the wavelength range in the visible spectrum. The bandgap values were found between 3.32 and 4.01 eV, and refractive index was 1.79–2.60. Atomic force microscope measurements show homogeneous films with a roughness between 17–22 nm. A minimum resistivity value of 2.0 × 10−3 Ω cm was obtained for the film by using a power ramp of 4 W/1.8 min.
Study of nucleus orientation effect in the 238U+238U multinucleon transfer reaction
Authors: Zhang Xin-Rui , Yao Hong , Li Cheng , Li Tao , Yang Yong-Xu , Zhang Feng-Shou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The improved quantum molecular dynamics model was employed to study the 238U+238U multinucleon transfer reaction at E
c.m. = 833 MeV in this work. The influence of the orientation effect on the nuclear deformation at the contact moment, the composite system lifetime, the transfer rate and the fragment production mechanism are investigated. Statistical analysis reveals that at the contact moment, the orientation of the projectile and the target have less influence on each other and retain their respective initial characteristics to some extent. For collision parameters less than 6 fm, significant differences are observed in composite system lifetime and transfer rate under different orientation configurations; however, the orientation effect gradually diminishes with increasing collision parameters. Additionally, it is found that transfer reactions dominate when the collision parameter b ≤ 6 fm, while elastic and inelastic scattering events increase rapidly as the collision parameter exceeds 6 fm. Within the range of 10 ≤ b ≤ 13 fm, the transfer probability for side–side collisions is significantly higher compared to other cases.
Integrated modelling of tungsten accumulation control with wave heating: validation in ASDEX Upgrade and predictions for ITER
Authors: Fajardo D. , Angioni C. , Fable E. , Tardini G. , Bilato R. , Luda T. , McDermott R.M. , Samoylov O. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In present-day fusion devices, central wave heating is crucial to avoid core tungsten (W) accumulation. In this work, we present an integrated modelling framework that reproduces the reduction of core W peaking in ASDEX Upgrade experiments when multiple transport channels are self-consistently evolved, emphasizing the effects of wave heating on turbulent and neoclassical W transport. Predictions for the ITER 15 MA baseline are then provided. We show that the core of a reactor is in a different transport regime for W as compared to present-day tokamaks. The challenges introduced by W arise from global radiation losses that can hinder operation in H-mode, instead of local central accumulation.
An update on risk factors for relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Zhou Han , Liang Wei , Hu Hongtu , Liu Zikang , Chu Fan , Ding Guohua 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Ongoing therapeutic advances in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) have significantly reduced the risk of death in AAV, but 30%–50% of patients still relapse. Relapse is a major problem in these diseases, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. It is, therefore, necessary to find predictors of relapse at the end of the remission induction and maintenance phases in order to personalize treatment.
Kidney function and bone mineral density in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Kang Dong Hoon , Park Cheol Ho , Kim Hyung Woo , Park Jung Tak , Han Seung Hyeok , Kim Jayoun , Jeong Jong Cheol , Kim Yaeni , Kim Soo Wan , Oh Kook-Hwan , Kang Shin-Wook , Yoo Tae-Hyun 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Bone mineral density (BMD) predicts fracture risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in the general population. However, few studies have investigated risk factors for bone loss in patients with CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether renal function is associated with the rate of BMD decline.

Methods
A prospective cohort study included 1006 patients with CKD stages 2–4 between 2011 and 2016. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 4 years. The eGFR was measured 2–6 times during the 4-year follow-up. We analyzed the decline in bone mineral density according to CKD stage and further compared the rate of BMD decline according to eGFR trajectories at each stage.

Results
Advanced CKD stage was associated with a faster rate of decline in total hip BMD [stage 2 −0.23, stage 3A −0.39, stage 3B −0.80, stage 4 −1.23% change/year in men (P &lt; .001); stage 2 −0.86, stage 3A −1.19, stage 3B −1.20, stage 4 −1.58% change/year in women (P &lt; .03)]. Two distinct eGFR trajectories (Class 1 stable group; Class 2 rapid decline group) were observed. The rapid decline group showed a trend toward an increased rate of decline in total hip BMD. Subgroup analysis according to eGFR trajectories revealed a significant difference in BMD decline rate between stable and rapid decline groups.

Conclusions
Advanced CKD stage and accelerated decline in renal function were associated with rapid BMD decline in non-dialysis patients with CKD.
Increased incidence of adverse events in diabetes mellitus patients with combined multiple vulnerable plaque features: new insights from the COMBINE OCT-FFR trial
Authors: del Val David , Berta Balazs , Roleder Tomasz , Malinowski Krzysztof , Bastante Teresa , Hermanides Renicus S , Wojakowski Wojciech , Fabris Enrico , Cuesta Javier , De Luca Giuseppe , Rivero Fernando , Alfonso Fernando , Kedhi Elvin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the individual as well as combined impact of optical coherence tomography-detected vulnerability features (OCT-VFs) in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in non-ischaemic lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods and results
The COMBINE OCT-FFR (NCT02989740) was a prospective, double-blind, international, natural-history study that included patients with DM having ≥1 lesions with a fractional flow reserve &gt; 0.80, undergoing systematic OCT assessment. Pre-specified OCT-VFs included thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), reduced minimal lumen area (r-MLA), high plaque burden (h-PB), and complicated plaque (CP). The primary endpoint (MACE) was a composite of cardiac mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, clinically driven target lesion revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina up to 5 years, analysed according to the presence of these OCT-VFs, both individually and in combination. TCFA, r-MLA, h-PB, and CP were identified in 98 (25.1%), 159 (40.8%), 56 (14.4%), and 116 (29.8%) patients, respectively. The primary endpoint rate increased progressively from 6.9% to 50.0% (HR = 10.10; 95% CI, 3.37–30.25, P &lt; 0.001) in patients without OCT-VFs compared with those with concomitant h-PB, r-MLA, CP, and TCFA. Importantly, while TCFA, h-PB, r-MLA, and CP were individually associated with the primary endpoint, the presence of two or more OCT-VFs significantly increased the likelihood of adverse events at 5 years.

Conclusion
In patients with DM and non-ischaemic lesions, TCFA, h-PB, r-MLA, and CP were predictors of adverse events. However, the presence of two or more OCT-VFs significantly increased the likelihood of MACE at 5 years. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and their potential clinical implications in a randomized fashion.
From Successful Ageing to Ageing Well: A Narrative Review
Authors: Waddell Chloe , Van Doorn George , Power Garry , Statham Dixie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since the term “successful ageing” was coined, diverse models and theories conceptualizing what it means to age successfully have been proposed. The current article outlines evidence suggesting that the use of “success” in conjunction with “ageing” is contentious, and thus, “ageing well” is recommended as an alternative term. This article also highlights the lack of consistency in approaches to successful ageing and argues for a more inclusive conceptualization of ageing well. To achieve this, the current article summarizes the fundamental characteristics of several popular models of ageing successfully, demonstrating the unique contributions of each and highlighting recurring themes. The most common themes in existing models of successful ageing include the importance of engaging in social relationships, good cognitive and physical functioning, the avoidance of disease and disability, and resilience. Although commonalities exist, a consensus regarding an accepted definition of successful ageing is yet to be reached. To illustrate the need for consensus, policy approaches to support ageing populations by several governments are compared, highlighting the need for researchers to provide clearer guidance to policy-makers. In addition, not all existing models are sensitive to the diversity of the ageing population, further emphasizing the need to reconsider what it means to age well. The development of a consensus understanding of ageing well will improve the ability of researchers, as well as policy-makers and client-facing workers, to effectively target areas that contribute to, and improve, individuals’ ability to age well.
Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus on the Island of Montréal Is Not Suggestive of Health Care-Associated Person-to-Person Transmission
Authors: Olawoye Idowu B , Waglechner Nicholas , McIntosh Fiona , Akochy Pierre-Marie , Cloutier Nancy , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Tannir Bouchra , Greenaway Christina , Matouk Elias , Poirier Louise , Levesque Roger C , Boyle Brian , Quach Caroline , Soualhine Hafid , Batt Jane , Behr Marcel A , Lee Robyn S , Guthrie Jennifer L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), an opportunistic nontuberculous mycobacteria, can lead to poor clinical outcomes in pulmonary infections. Conflicting data exist on person-to-person transmission of MABC within and across health care facilities. To investigate further, a comprehensive retrospective study across 5 health care institutions on the Island of Montréal was undertaken.

Methods
We analyzed the genomes of 221 MABC isolates obtained from 115 individuals (2010–2018) to identify possible links. Genetic similarity, defined as ≤25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was investigated through a blinded epidemiological inquiry.

Results
Bioinformatics analyses identified 28 sequence types, including globally observed dominant circulating clones (DCCs). Further analysis revealed 210 isolate pairs within the SNP threshold. Among these pairs, there was 1 possible laboratory contamination where isolates from different patients processed in the same laboratory differed by only 2 SNPs. There were 37 isolate pairs from patients who had provided specimens from the same hospital; however, epidemiological analysis found no evidence of health care-associated person-to-person transmission between these patients. Additionally, pangenome analysis showed higher discriminatory power than core genome analysis for examining genomic similarity.

Conclusions
Genomics alone is insufficient to establish MABC transmission, particularly considering the genetic similarity and wide distribution of DCCs, although pangenome analysis has the potential to add further insight. Our findings indicate that MABC infections in Montréal are unlikely attributable to health care-associated person-to-person transmission.
Hidden genomic diversity drives niche partitioning in a cosmopolitan eukaryotic picophytoplankton
Authors: Xu Yangbing , Leung Shara K K , Li Taylor M W , Yung Charmaine C M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marine eukaryotic phytoplankton are fundamental to the marine food web, yet the lack of reference genomes or just a single genome representing a taxon has led to an underestimation of their taxonomic, adaptive, and functional diversity. Here, we integrated strain isolation with metagenomic binning to recover genomes from the cosmopolitan picophytoplankton genus Bathycoccus, traditionally considered monospecific. Our recovery and analysis of 37 Bathycoccus genomes delineated their global genomic diversity and established four evolutionary clades (BI, BII, BIII, BIV). Our metagenomic abundance survey revealed well-differentiated ecological niches and distinct biogeographic distributions for each clade, predominantly shaped by temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability. Comparative genomics analyses further revealed clade-specific genomic traits that underpin niche adaptation and contribute to the global prevalence of Bathycoccus. Our findings underscore temperature as a major driver of genome diversification in this genus, with clade divergences coinciding with major paleoclimatic events that influenced their contemporary thermal niches. Moreover, the unique enrichment of C2H2 zinc finger and ankyrin repeat gene families in polar-adapted clades suggests previously unrecognized cold-adaptation mechanisms in marine eukaryotic phytoplankton. Our study offers a comprehensive genomic landscape of this crucial eukaryotic picophytoplankton, providing insights into their microdiversity and adaptive evolution in response to changing environments.