bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Surface Wind Patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Nigro Melissa A. , Cassano John J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The interaction of synoptic and mesoscale circulations with the steep topography surrounding the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, greatly influences the wind patterns in the region of the Ross Ice Shelf. The topography provides forcing for features such as katabatic winds, barrier winds, and barrier wind corner jets. The combination of topographic forcing and synoptic and mesoscale forcing from cyclones that traverse the Ross Ice Shelf sector create a region of strong but varying winds. This paper identifies the dominant surface wind patterns over the Ross Ice Shelf using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run within the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System and the method of self-organizing maps (SOM). The dataset has 15-km grid spacing and is the first study to identify the dominant surface wind patterns using data at this resolution. The analysis shows that the Ross Ice Shelf airstream, a dominant stream of air flowing northward from the interior of the continent over the western and/or central Ross Ice Shelf to the Ross Sea, is present over the Ross Ice Shelf approximately 34% of the time, the Ross Ice Shelf airstream varies in both its strength and position over the Ross Ice Shelf, and barrier wind corner jets are present in the region to the northwest of the Prince Olav Mountains approximately 14% of the time and approximately 41% of the time when the Ross Ice Shelf airstream is present.
Perception sans conscience de stimuli supraliminaux : revue critique et proposition d’un modèle intégrateur
Authors: Derbaix Christian , Herrmann Jean-Luc , Kacha Mathieu 
Published: March 2014

Cet article propose une revue critique des recherches en marketing sur les effets de la perception sans conscience de stimuli supraliminaux. La recension des résultats existants au niveau de l’accessibilité du stimulus dans la mémoire, de sa probabilité d’inclusion dans l’ensemble de considération, de son évaluation, et de ses chances de choix, débouche sur dix propositions de recherche rassemblées dans un modèle intégrateur. Plusieurs directions prioritaires pour les recherches futures sont finalement soulignées.
Computationally designed liver-specific transcriptional modules and hyperactive factor IX improve hepatic gene therapy
Authors: Nair Nisha , Rincon Melvin Y. , Evens Hanneke , Sarcar Shilpita , Dastidar Sumitava , Samara-Kuko Emira , Ghandeharian Omid , Man Viecelli Hiu , Thöny Beat , De Bleser Pieter , VandenDriessche Thierry , Chuah Marinee K. 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
Liver-targeted gene therapy for hemophilia can be improved by using computational promoter design in conjunction with hyperfunctional FIX. Low and safe vector doses allow for stable supraphysiologic FIX that result in the induction of immune tolerance.
Undergraduate research in medical education: a descriptive study of students’ views
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano C , de Souza Renata C , Abe Érika H Sassaki , Silva Móz Luís E , de Carvalho Lidia R , Domingues Maria AC 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMedical students engage in curricular and extracurricular activities, including undergraduate research (UR). The advantages, difficulties and motivations for medical students pursuing research activities during their studies have rarely been addressed. In Brazil, some medical schools have included undergraduate research into their curriculum. The present study aimed to understand the reality of scientific practice among medical students at a well-established Brazilian medical school, analyzing this context from the students’ viewpoint.MethodsA cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire applied to students from years one to six enrolled in an established Brazilian medical school that currently has no curricular UR program.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 415 students, 47.2% of whom were involved in research activities, with greater participation in UR in the second half of the course. Independent of student involvement in research activities, time constraints were cited as the main obstacle to participation. Among students not involved in UR, 91.1% said they favored its inclusion in the curriculum, since this would facilitate the development of such activity. This approach could signify an approximation between the axes of teaching and research. Among students who had completed at least one UR project, 87.7% said they would recommend the activity to students entering the course.ConclusionEven without an undergraduate research program, students of this medical school report strong involvement in research activities, but discussion of the difficulties inherent in its practice is important to future developments.
Identification of pigments by multispectral imaging; a flowchart method
Authors: Cosentino Antonino 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The literature on the application of Multispectral and Hyperspectral imaging for identification of pigments on artworks is sparse. While these methods do not provide the analytical capability that spectroscopies do offer, the use of spectral imaging has the advantage of being a rapid and relatively low-cost solution for the examination of large areas. This paper presents a flowchart for the identification of historical pigments applied with gum Arabic using multispectral imaging (wavelength ranging from 360 to 1700 nm) performed with a modified digital camera for infrared, visible and ultraviolet photography; and an InGaAs camera for infrared reflectography. The flowchart method will be most successful on paint made of one layer of pure pigment, and it can selectively discriminate only a fraction of the 56 pigments analyzed. Though, considerably limited in its analytical capabilities, the low cost and speed of the workflow make the method worthwhile, even if only to localize retouching and areas appearing the same hue but painted with different pigments. The InGaAs camera is the only expensive instrument used in this study but its cost is relatively affordable for the average painting conservation studio since only a model with a low pixel count is required (320×256 pixels) rather than a more sophisticated InGaAs scanner system.
Unusual markedly-dilated chorionic vessels with placentomegaly
Authors: Kaido Yoshitaka , Kikuchi Akihiko , Kanasugi Tomonobu , Oyama Rie , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We reported a very rare case with placentomegaly and markedly-dilated chorionic vessels. A 23-year-old Japanese pregnant woman was referred to our hospital at 32 weeks of gestation because of suspected dilatation of the umbilical vein. Ultrasound revealed fetal growth restriction with no fetal anomalies. The placenta was thick. The umbilical cord had two arteries and one vein, and marginal insertion of the umbilical cord in the placenta was suspected. A lot of remarkably tortuous tubular structures were observed on the surface of the placenta. Slow blood flow, indemonstrable with color Doppler, was observed within them. Labor started suddenly and progressed very rapidly at 33 weeks of gestation. A female infant weighing 1524 g was delivered. The infant had no malformations. However, she showed hypotension, anemia and DIC and required blood transfusion. The placenta was very large, weighing 1416 g. On the fetal surface, numerous dilated and tortuous vessels were observed, arising from a vein that was connected to the umbilical vein. These venous channels were dilated and tortuous and led into the placenta. In conclusion, prenatal diagnosis of placentomegaly and markedly-dilated chorionic vessels requires assessment of growth, anemia and DIC of the fetus and the newborn infant.
Roles of mast cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Yokota Masaya , Suzuki Kotaro , Tokoyoda Koji , Meguro Kazuyuki , Hosokawa Junichi , Tanaka Shigeru , Ikeda Kei , Mikata Takashi , Nakayama Toshinori , Kohsaka Hitoshi , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
In addition to the pivotal roles of mast cells in allergic diseases, recent data suggest that mast cells play crucial roles in a variety of autoimmune responses. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune skeletal muscle diseases have not been clarified despite their distribution in skeletal muscle. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the roles of mast cells in the development of autoimmune skeletal muscle diseases.

Methods
The number of mast cells in the affected muscle was examined in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM). The susceptibility of mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-KitW/KitWv mice (W/Wv mice) to a murine model of polymyositis, C protein-induced myositis (CIM), was compared with that of wild-type (WT) mice. The effect of mast cell reconstitution with bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) on the susceptibility of W/Wv mice to CIM was also evaluated.

Results
The number of mast cells in the affected muscle increased in patients with PM as compared with patients with DM. W/Wv mice exhibited significantly reduced disease incidence and histological scores of CIM as compared with WT mice. The number of CD8+ T cells and macrophages in the skeletal muscles of CIM decreased in W/Wv mice compared with WT mice. Engraftment of BMMCs restored the incidence and histological scores of CIM in W/Wv mice. Vascular permeability in the skeletal muscle was elevated in WT mice but not in W/Wv mice upon CIM induction.

Conclusion
Mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy.
Separating signal from noise: the challenge of identifying useful biomarkers in sepsis
Authors: McCulloh Russell J , Spertus John A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSepsis diagnosis remains based largely on clinical presentation despite significant advances in the understanding of underlying pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions. The systematic review article by Zonneveld and colleagues in the previous issue of Critical Care describes another potential avenue of study for using biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis and prognostication. Soluble leukocyte adhesion molecules and their associated sheddase enzymes vary in detectable levels and activity in patients in relation to immunologic status, age, and systemic inflammation, including in the setting of sepsis. Unfortunately, studies of these molecules as diagnostic or prognostic aids (or both) in sepsis have thus far been disappointing. Zonneveld and colleagues propose two potential avenues to enhance the performance characteristics of soluble adhesion molecules and their sheddases in sepsis diagnosis and prognosis: (a) identifying age-adjusted normal values for soluble leukocyte adhesion molecules and their sheddases and (b) investigating simultaneous measurement of both soluble adhesion molecules and sheddases in integrated sepsis evaluation schema. This commentary discusses the proposed solutions of Zonneveld and colleagues in more detail and outlines additional considerations that should be addressed in order to develop robust and valid diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinicians managing patients with sepsis.
Trading green backs for green crabs: evaluating the commercial shellfish harvest at risk to European green crab invasion
Authors: Mach Megan E , Chan Kai MA 
Published: March 2014

Nonnative species pose a threat to native biodiversity and can have immense impacts on biological communities, altering the function of ecosystems. How much value is at risk from high-impact invasive species, and which parameters determine variation in that value, constitutes critical knowledge for directing both management and research, but it is rarely available. We evaluated the value of the commercial shellfish harvest that is at risk in nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound, Washington State, USA, from the invasive European green crab, Carcinus maenas. We assessed this value using a simple static ecological model combined with an economic model using data from Puget Sound’s shellfish harvest and revenue and the relationship between C. maenas abundance and the consumption rate of shellfish. The model incorporates a range in C. maenas diet preference, calories consumed per year, and crab densities. C. maenas is likely to prey on commercially harvested hardshell clams, oysters, and mussels, which would likely reduce additional revenue from processing and distribution, and the number of jobs associated with these fisheries.The model results suggest possible revenue losses of these shellfish ranging from $1.03-23.8 million USD (2.8-64% losses), with additional processing and distrubution losses up to $17.6 million USD and 442 job positions each year associated with a range of plausible parameter values. The broad range of values reflects the uncertainty in key factors underlying impacts, factors that are highly variable across invaded regions and so not knowable a priori. However, future research evaluating species invasions can reduce the uncertainty of impacts by characterizing several key parameters: density of individuals, number of arrivals, predation and competition interactions, and economic impacts. This study therefore provides direction for research to inform more accurate estimates of value-at-risk, and suggests substantial motivation for strong measures to prevent, monitor, and manage the possible invasion of C. maenas.
On Implementing Competence-Based Approach in Teaching by Means of Cognitive Dialogue Technologies
Authors: Прохорова  , Prokhorova G. 
Published: March 2014

The effort is undertaken to apply systems thinking to getting
insights in how to implement competence-based approach in education.
The author considers specific aspects related to implementing
the mentioned approach in the educational process, using «cognitive
dialogue» — based technologies with regard to theoretic and methodical
aspects of applying technologies of such kind.
Studio-based Approach to Developing Tourist Destinations Enriched With Objects of Cultural and Natural Heritage
Authors: Беседин  , Besedin D. 
Published: March 2014

With the case of Ulyanovsk Region and the «Symbirsk-
Ukyanovsk» tourist destination as an example, the author demonstrates
how the studio of tourism, set up at the premises of the
Department of UNESCO-UNITWIN network, operates to provide
sustainable development for a tourist destination and to advance
the UNESCO’s concept related to sustainable management of
objects belonging to the world cultural and natural heritage.
Effect of Silicon/Paraffin Treatment on Dimensional Stability of Red Oak, Douglas-Fir, and Ponderosa Pine
Authors: Love Connie S. , Morrell Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Red oak, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine lumber was treated with a silicon/paraffinic system to assess the ability of the treatment to limit dimensional changes and moisture uptake during changes in temperature or relative humidity. The treatment initially had little effect on either property, but the magnitude of weight gain and dimensional changes tended to decline with repeated moisture cycles. The results suggest that the silicon/paraffin treatment had the potential to limit vapor moisture sorption and could reduce the potential for wood to deform with repeated moisture cycles.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of new aryliminothiazolylidene- 2-thiazolidin-4-ones and their azarhodacyanines analogues
Authors: Kasmi-Mir Souad , Zradni Fatima-Zohra , Rahmouni Mustapha , Kirsch Gilbert 
Published: March 2014

Â We here report an efficient microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of new arylimino-thiazolylidene-2-thiazolidin-4-ones 6 and their azarhodacyanines derivatives 7 with quantitative yield from 2'-(methylthio)-4'-oxo-3H,4'H-[2,5-bithiazolylidene]-3'-ium tosylates 5 and 2-arylimino-5-(thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene) thiazolidin-4-ones 6, respectively, using as starting material the 4-thiazoline-2-thiones 1 and 3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 3. The transformation of the tosylate salts 5 into their arylimino derivatives 6 has not been reported to date.
Elaborating the AAIDD Public Policy Framework
Authors: Turnbull Rud , Stowe Matthew J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The AAIDD's 11th edition of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Support describes a framework for understanding the relationship between public policy and practice. The framework incorporates three inputs into public policy and practice affecting quality-of-life outcomes for individuals and families, society, and systems. The inputs are social factors, the core concepts of disability policy, and changing conceptualizations of disability. We accept the framework's basic premises, but we propose amendments to make the framework more useful for its stated purposes of elaborating on the “context” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 17) that affects people with intellectual disability and “promot[ing] changes in public policy that will lead to the achievement of desired policy outcomes” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 171).
Relating Stress of Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities to Family–School Partnerships
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Although mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience high levels of stress and schools constitute an important resource, the relation remains unknown between maternal stress and educational services. Responding to a national, web-based survey, 965 mothers of students with disabilities completed a 163-item questionnaire about parent stress. We examined which child, parent, and parent–school characteristics correlated with maternal stress. Mothers with lower stress levels reported better parent–school relationships and low levels of parent advocacy. However, lower stress levels were predominantly shown by mothers with good-to-excellent parent–school relationships (vs. poor-to-fair partnerships) and who engaged in virtually no (vs. any) advocacy activities. Lower maternal stress levels were also noted when children had fewer behavior problems, Down syndrome, and did not have autism. Less stress was also reported by mothers who had not enacted procedural safeguards, were minorities, and rated themselves lower on neuroticism and were more extroverted, dependable, and open to new experiences. This study has important implications for practitioners and researchers.
The gradient structure of the mean curvature flow
Authors: Zaal Martijn M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The concept of curve of maximal slope, a generalized notion of gradient flow, is extended to the setting of length spaces, which includes all metric spaces.
This extended definition is used to show that curves of maximal slope in a metric space do not depend on the full metric, but only on the concept of curve length generated by it. Subsequently, it is shown that a length space can be constructed to describe L
2 flow: geometric flows where the energy dissipated by a moving surface is the L
2-norm of its normal velocity.
Finally, it is shown that the mean curvature flow is the gradient flow of the area functional in this space.
New examples of conformally constrained Willmore minimizers of explicit type
Authors: Ndiaye Cheikh Birahim , Schätzle Reiner Michael 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We develop a convergence procedure
to improve weak convergence of
conformally constrained Willmore immersions
to smooth convergence
and apply this to get new examples
of conformally constrained Willmore minimizers
of explicit type.
In fact by estimates of Li–Yau in [Inventiones Mathematicae
69 (1982), 269–291]
and Montiel–Ros in [Inventiones Mathematicae 83 (1986),
153–166],
the Clifford torus

T
Cliff

=

(
1
/

2

)

(

S
1

×

S
1

)

⊆

S
3

${T_{\mathrm {Cliff}} = (1 / \sqrt{2})
(S^1 \times S^1) \subseteq S^3}$

minimizes the Willmore energy in its conformal class.
We extend this using our convergence procedure
to the flat constant mean curvature tori

T
r

=
r

S
1

×

1
-

r
2

S
1

⊆

S
3

${T_r = r S^1 \times \sqrt{1 - r^2} S^1 \subseteq S^3}$

for

r
≈
1
/

2

${r \approx 1 / \sqrt{2}}$

.
Educating health care trainees and professionals about suicide prevention in depressed adolescents
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Sher Leo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAdolescent depression is a highly prevalent disorder with significant morbidity and suicide mortality. It is simultaneously highly responsive to treatment. Adolescents wish to discuss depression with their providers, and providers routinely receive opportunities to do so. These characteristics of prevalence, morbidity, mortality, responsiveness, and accessibility make adolescent depression an excellent target of care. However, most health care trainees and professionals report low confidence in caring for adolescent depression. As a caregiver community, we fare poorly in routine matters of assessment and management of adolescent depression. All health care professionals are trained within a medical model. In this light, the conceptualization of adolescent depression and suicidality within the medical model may increase provider confidence and performance. Epidemiology and neurobiology are presented with emphasis in this review. Legal concerns also affect health care professionals. For example, providers may deviate from evidence-based medicine owing to anxieties that the identification and treatment of depression may induce suicide and consequent legal culpability. A review of the historical context and relevant outcome trials concerning the increased risk of suicidality in depressed adolescents treated with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase provider comfort. Furthermore, increased didactic and experiential training improve provider performance. In this work, proven models were discussed, and the testable hypothesis that education incorporating the views of this article can produce the best care for depressed adolescents.
Military sexual trauma as a determinant in the development of mental and physical illness in male and female veterans
Authors: O’Brien Betsy S. , Sher Leo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Military Sexual Trauma (MST) is defined as sexual harassment and or sexual assault experienced by a military service member. It is much more widespread and common than reported. It is associated with pre-combat traumatic experiences and pathologic sequelae including mental and medical illness.
Methods: An electronic search of the major behavioral science databases was conducted to retrieve studies detailing the social, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of MST and its relationship to psychiatric and medical illness.
Results: Studies indicate that military sexual trauma is related to an increase in psychiatric pathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse and dependence, depression, anxiety, eating disorders and suicidal behavior. MST is also related to an increase in medical illness, primarily pain-related symptoms involving multiple organ systems, including gastrointestinal, neurological, genitourinary and musculoskeletal.
Conclusion: MST is associated with an increased prevalence of mental and physical illness. Although there are some gender differences in the reported rates of MST and there may be some variables, such as prior traumatic experiences, that may make an individual more vulnerable to the psychiatric and medical sequela of MST, it is clear that MST is a major healthcare issue that affects both sexes and warrants further attention and an increase in clinical resources devoted to it. Some preventive measures for decreasing the prevalence of MST may include increasing education and legal prosecution of perpetrators in the military, and increasing access to mental health services for individuals who have suffered from MST.