bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Differences in Responses to Social Exclusion: Self-Esteem, Narcissism, and Self-Compassion
Authors: Allen Ashley Batts , vanDellen Michelle R. , Campbell W. Keith 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Experiences of social exclusion disrupt people’s feelings of belongingness. Because self-esteem is connected to how socially connected people feel to important others, such experiences lower state self-esteem. The authors suggests that these situations evoke self-regulatory processes aimed at bringing state self-esteem back in line with standards for trait self-esteem. This chapter focuses on three individual differences, each related to self-views, that may be related to reactions to social exclusion: trait self-esteem, narcissism, and self-compassion. Trait self-esteem is generally associated with heightened reactions to social exclusion that are aimed at restoring immediate self-feelings; narcissism is associated with aggressive responses to social exclusion; and self-compassion is associated with stable responses that are unmarked by extreme negative affect or externalizing. The authors concludes with suggestions for interventions aimed at reducing aggression in response to social exclusion.
Attachment Orientations and Reactions to Ostracism in Close Relationships and Groups
Authors: Shaver Phillip R. , Mikulincer Mario 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Attachment theory is one of the most useful contemporary conceptual frameworks for understanding emotion regulation and mental health. In his exposition of attachment theory, John Bowlby explained how the sense of attachment security (confidence that one is lovable and that caregivers are available and supportive when needed) in relationships helps a person deal with threats, losses, and negative emotions and how attachment-related insecurities interfere with the regulation of negative emotions and recovery from rejections, losses, and setbacks throughout life. In the present chapter, we wish to explore the possibility that attachment security or insecurity in adulthood can help to explain individual differences in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions to social rejection in both close relationships and groups. We review literature relevant to this proposal and also present data from a preliminary study of the buffering of one effect of ostracism—loss of meaning in life—by attachment security.
The Birth and Death of Belonging
Authors: Schimel Jeff , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTerror management theory (TMT) (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986 ) offers an evolutionary–existential–psychoanalytic perspective on the human motive to belong. According to this view, the evolution of sophisticated intellect allowed for consideration of the past and future in decision making, thereby freeing human beings from fixed response patterns. However, it also made humans uniquely aware of the inevitability of their own death. To manage potentially debilitating anxiety resulting from this awareness, humans have had to give up some of this freedom so as to feel securely embedded in a cultural meaning system (a cultural worldview) that provides meaning, self-worth, and a sense of immortality. Because other people are an important source of self-esteem and validation for cultural worldview beliefs, social connections with similar others are maintained to mitigate existential fear. A large empirical literature supporting this theoretical account is reviewed. Ensuing discussion considers how a TMT perspective can lend understanding to the multifarious reactions people have to social exclusion.
Assessment of Total Hip Arthroplasty by Means of Computed Tomography 3D Models and Fracture Risk Evaluation
Authors: Gargiulo Paolo , Pétursson Throstur , Magnússon Benedikt , Bifulco Paolo , Cesarelli Mario , Izzo Gianluca Mario , Magnúsdóttir Gígja , Halldórsson Grétar , Ludvigsdóttir Gudbjörg K. , Tribel Jan , Jónsson Halldor 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) can be achieved by using a cemented or noncemented prosthesis. Besides patient's age, weight, and other clinical signs, the evaluation of the quality of the bones is a crucial parameter on which orthopedic surgeons base the choice between cemented and noncemented THA. Although bone density generally decreases with age and a cemented THA is preferred for older subjects, the bone quality of a particular patient should be quantitatively evaluated. This study proposes a new method to quantitatively measure bone density and fracture risk by using 3D models extracted by a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient. Also, the anatomical structure and compactness of the quadriceps muscle is computed to provide a more complete view. A spatial reconstruction of the tissues is obtained by means of CT image processing, then a detailed 3D model of bone mineral density of the femur is provided by including quantitative CT density information (CT must be precalibrated). A finite element analysis will provide a map of the strains around the proximal femur socket when solicited by typical stresses caused by an implant. The risk for structural failure due to press‐fitting and compressive stress during noncemented THA surgery was estimated by calculating a bone fracture risk index (ratio between actual compressive stress and estimated failure stress of the bone). A clinical trial was carried out including 36 volunteer patients (ages 22–77) who underwent unilateral THA surgery for the first time: 18 received a cemented implant and 18 received a noncemented implant. CT scans were acquired before surgery, immediately after, and after 12 months. Bone and quadriceps density results were higher in the healthy leg in about 80% of the cases. Bone and quadriceps density generally decrease with age but mineral density may vary significantly between patients. Preliminary results indicate the highest fracture risk at the calcar and the lowest at the intertrocanteric line, with some difference between patients. An analysis of the results suggest that this methodology can be a valid noninvasive decision support tool for THA planning; however, further analyses are needed to tune the technique and to allow clinical applications. Combination with gait analysis data is planned.
Mood lability among offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and community controls
Authors: Birmaher Boris , Goldstein Benjamin I , Axelson David A , Monk Kelly , Hickey Mary Beth , Fan Jieyu , Iyengar Satish , Ha Wonho , Diler Rasim S , Goldstein Tina , Brent David , Ladouceur Cecile D , Sakolsky Dara , Kupfer David J 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesEarly identification of bipolar disorder (BP) symptomatology is crucial for improving the prognosis of this illness. Increased mood lability has been reported in BP. However, mood lability is ubiquitous across psychiatric disorders and may be a marker of severe psychopathology and not specific to BP. To clarify this issue, this study examined the prevalence of mood lability and its components in offspring of BP parents and offspring of community control parents recruited through the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study.MethodsForty‐one school‐age BP offspring of 38 BP parents, 257 healthy or non‐BP offspring of 174 BP parents, and 192 offspring of 117 control parents completed a scale that was developed to evaluate mood lability in youth, i.e., the Children's Affective Lability Scale (CALS).ResultsA factor analysis of the parental CALS, and in part the child CALS, revealed Irritability, Mania, and Anxiety/Depression factors, with most of the variance explained by the Irritability factor. After adjusting for confounding factors (e.g., parental and offspring non‐BP psychopathology), BP offspring of BP parents showed the highest parental and child total and factor scores, followed by the non‐BP offspring of BP parents, and then the offspring of the controls.ConclusionsMood lability overall and mania‐like, anxious/depressed, and particularly irritability symptoms may be a prodromal phenotype of BP among offspring of parents with BP. Prospective studies are warranted to clarify whether these symptoms will predict the development of BP and/or other psychopathology. If confirmed, these symptoms may become a target of treatment and biological studies before BP develops.
Contrasting patterns of viral load response in transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus DNAemia on leflunomide therapy
Authors: Cuellar‐Rodriguez Jennifer , Stephany Brian , Poggio Emilio , Mossad Sherif B. , Goldfarb David , Lard Michelle , Askar Medhat , Fatica Richard , Srinivas Titte , Braun William , Shoskes Daniel , Flechner Stuart , Schmitt Steven K. , Shrestha Rabin , Avery Robin K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundReduction in immunosuppression is considered the therapy of proven benefit for BKV infection in renal transplantation, but the use of leflunomide has also been reported. It was observed at this center that the patterns of viral load response while on leflunomide appear to fall into two distinct types.MethodsMedical records of 22 kidney and kidney‐pancreas recipients at a single center who received leflunomide therapy for BKV DNAemia were reviewed. Information was collected on demographics, BKV viral loads, other antiviral therapy, immunosuppressive drug levels and doses, adverse effects, and graft and patient outcomes.ResultsEighteen of 22 cleared BKV viremia, and 12 of 22 had preserved allograft function; only two graft losses occurred in the screening era among leflunomide‐treated patients. Two patterns of viral load reduction were observed, termed the “smooth” and the “zigzag” pattern, which differed in mean time to clear of BKV DNA (2.9 vs. 19.5 months, p = 0.0073). Graft preservation was correlated with lower serum creatinine (SCr) at the start of leflunomide therapy.ConclusionsLong courses and “zigzag” fluctuations in viral load can occur in patients who eventually clear BKV on leflunomide with preserved allograft function. Intermittent increases in viral load do not necessarily portend therapeutic failure. Although the utility of leflunomide is still debated in the transplant community, this information may be useful to clinicians who choose to use it in selected patients.
Applicability of Automated Functional Imaging for Assessing Right Ventricular Function
Authors: López‐Candales Angel 
Published: April 2013

Background: Understanding of right ventricular (RV) function has significantly improved in recent years; however, objective assessment remains problematic. This study sought to demonstrate that a novel speckle tracking method can be used to assess RV global systolic function when compared with traditional echocardiographic measures. Methods: A total of 125 patients (mean age 50 ± 16 years) with a wide range not only of systolic function for both ventricles but also pulmonary pressures and acoustic windows based on patient's body surface areas were studied. Standard parameters of left and RV systolic function were collected and echocardiographic images from four‐chamber apical planes were analyzed by conventional manual tracing using a novel General Electric (GE) automated functional imaging (AFI) to measure myocardial strain. Results: Global longitudinal RV strain measurements obtained with manual tracing showed good correlation with traditional parameters of main RV chamber as well as right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) systolic performance. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, tricuspid annular systolic motion was the best independent variable that correlated with global AFI RV peak systolic strain followed by RV outflow tract systolic excursion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a global RV AFI peak systolic strain value <−17% to be abnormal (sensitivity 73%, specificity 91%). Discussion: This new automated AFI method provides simultaneous quantitation of global and regional RV function that is angle independent and correlates with standard measures of RV performance without the need for additional derivative measurements, complex calculations, or tedious offline analysis.
Incremental Value of Transthoracic Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of a Right Ventricular Mass
Authors: Almomani Ahmed , Morsy Mohamed , Dimaano Meneleo , Ahmad Masood 
Published: April 2013

Mini‐AbstractA 52‐year‐old male with a right ventricular mass that filled the entire right ventricle and assumed its shape was evaluated by two‐dimensional and real time three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography. Contrast enhanced 3D imaging and quantitative assessments of the size of the mass were performed. The clinical correlation, the imaging characteristics of the mass, and the pattern of vascularity were consistent with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. The case illustrates the incremental role of 3D echo in defining the size, shape, spatial relationship, attachments, consistency, and vascularity of the right ventricular mass.
Bodies at Home and at School: Toward a Theory of Embodied Social Class Status
Authors: Henry Sue Ellen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSociology has long recognized the centrality of the body in the reciprocal construction of individuals and society, and recent research has explored the influence of a variety of social institutions on the body. Significant research has established the influence of social class, child‐rearing practices, and variable language forms in families and children. Less well understood is the influence of children's social class status on their gestures, comportment, and other bodily techniques. In this essay Sue Ellen Henry brings these two areas of study together to explore how working‐class children's bodies are shaped by the child‐rearing practices associated with their social class status, and the potential effects these bodily techniques have on their experience in schools.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Five Different Stool Antigen Tests for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Korkmaz Huseyin , Kesli Recep , Karabagli Pinar , Terzi Yuksel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral noninvasive diagnostic tests based on the detection of Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) have been developed. The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 5 HpSA tests—2 monoclonal enzyme immunoassay tests (EIAs: the Premier Platinum HpSA Plus test and Helicobacter pylori Antigen (Hp Ag) test) and 3 rapid immunochromatographic assay (ICA) tests (the ImmunoCard STAT! HpSA test, one step HpSA test, and H. pylori fecal antigen test)—for diagnosing H. pylori infection in adult patients with dyspeptic symptoms before eradication therapy.Materials and MethodsA total of 198 patients with dyspeptic symptoms were included in the study. A gastric biopsy was collected for histopathology and rapid urease testing. Stool specimens for HpSA testing were also collected. Patients were considered H. pylori positive if two invasive tests (histological and rapid urease tests) were positive.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity were 92.2% and 94.4%, respectively, for the Premier Platinum HpSA Plus test; 48.9% and 88.9%, respectively, for the HP Ag test; 86.7% and 88.9, respectively, for the One Step HpSA test; 68.9% and 92.6%, respectively, for the ImmunoCard STAT! HpSA test; and 78.9% and 87%, respectively, for the H. Pylori fecal antigen test.ConclusionsThe Premier Platinum HpSA Plus EIA test was determined to be the most accurate stool test for diagnosing H. pylori infections in adult dyspeptic patients. The currently available ICA‐based tests are fast and easy to use but provide less reliable results.
Effects of Dietary Salt Intake on Renal Function: A 2‐Year Study in Healthy Aged Cats
Authors: Reynolds B.S. , Chetboul V. , Nguyen P. , Testault I. , Concordet D.V. , Carlos Sampedrano C. , Elliott J. , Trehiou‐Sechi E. , Abadie J. , Biourge V. , Lefebvre H.P. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundIncreasing salt intake to promote diuresis has been suggested in the management of feline lower urinary tract disease. However, high dietary salt intake might adversely affect blood pressure and renal function.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of increased salt intake on renal function in healthy aged cats.MethodsThis study was controlled, randomized, and blinded. Twenty healthy neutered cats (10.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated into 2 matched groups. One group was fed a high salt diet (3.1 g/Mcal sodium, 5.5 g/Mcal chloride) and the other a control diet of same composition except for salt content (1.0 g/Mcal sodium, 2.2 g/Mcal chloride). Clinical examination, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure measurement, cardiac and kidney ultrasonography, and urinary and blood tests were performed before and over 24 months after diet implementation. Statistics were performed using a general linear model.ResultsSixteen cats completed the 2 year study. The only variables affected by dietary salt intake were plasma aldosterone and urinary sodium/creatinine ratio, respectively, higher and lower in the control group all over the study period and urinary specific gravity, lower in the high salt diet group at 3 months.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGlomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure, and other routine clinical pathological variables in healthy aged cats were not affected by dietary salt content. The results of this 2 year study do not support the suggestion that chronic increases in dietary salt intake are harmful to renal function in older cats.
Transgenic rice seed synthesizing diverse flavonoids at high levels: a new platform for flavonoid production with associated health benefits
Authors: Ogo Yuko , Ozawa Kenjiro , Ishimaru Tsutomu , Murayama Tsugiya , Takaiwa Fumio 
Published: April 2013

SummaryFlavonoids possess diverse health‐promoting benefits but are nearly absent from rice, because most of the genes encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis are not expressed in rice seeds. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant producing several classes of flavonoids in seeds was developed by introducing multiple genes encoding enzymes involved in flavonoid synthesis, from phenylalanine to the target flavonoids, into rice. Rice accumulating naringenin was developed by introducing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Rice producing other classes of flavonoids, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin, was developed by introducing, together with PAL and CHS, genes encoding flavonol synthase/flavanone‐3‐hydroxylase, isoflavone synthase, and flavone synthases, respectively. The endosperm‐specific GluB‐1 promoter or embryo‐ and aleurone‐specific 18‐kDa oleosin promoters were used to express these biosynthetic genes in seed. The target flavonoids of naringenin, kaempferol, genistein, and apigenin were highly accumulated in each transgenic rice, respectively. Furthermore, tricin was accumulated by introducing hydroxylase and methyltransferase, demonstrating that modification to flavonoid backbones can be also well manipulated in rice seeds. The flavonoids accumulated as both aglycones and several types of glycosides, and flavonoids in the endosperm were deposited into PB‐II‐type protein bodies. Therefore, these rice seeds provide an ideal platform for the production of particular flavonoids due to efficient glycosylation, the presence of appropriate organelles for flavonoid accumulation, and the small effect of endogenous enzymes on the production of flavonoids by exogenous enzymes.
Novel MBTPS2 Missense Mutation in the N‐Terminus Transmembrane Domain in a Patient with Ichthyosis Follicularis, Alopecia, and Photophobia Syndrome
Authors: Izumi Kosuke , Wilkens Alisha , Treat James R. , Pride Howard B. , Krantz Ian D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIchthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia (IFAP) syndrome is an X‐linked dominant condition characterized by the triad of ichthyosis follicularis, alopecia, and photophobia caused by mutations in the MBTPS2 gene. Herein we describe a proband with IFAP syndrome with mild cutaneous manifestations and a novel MBTPS2 mutation in the N‐terminal transmembrane domain.
Reduced dose cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin for sibling and unrelated transplant of children with severe and very severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Chung Nack‐Gyun , Lee Jae Wook , Jang Pil‐Sang , Jeong Dae‐Chul , Cho Bin , Kim Hack‐Ki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe evaluated the results of a novel conditioning regimen of reduced dose cyclophosphamide (Cy, 25 mg/kg for four days), fludarabine (Flu, 30 mg/m2 for four days), and rabbit ATG (2.5 mg/kg for three days) for allogeneic transplant of children with SAA, implemented since January 2009. Overall, 23 patients were treated with this regimen (16 male, seven female), including 10 diagnosed with VSAA. Donors included eight‐MSD and 15 UD (five‐matched UD, and 10 mismatched UD). All patients showed neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Cumulative incidence of acute (grade 2 or above) and chronic GVHD was 26.1% and 8.7%, respectively. Estimated two‐yr FFS and OS for the entire cohort was 90.3 ± 6.5%. Rates of TRM and graft failure were 5.3% and 4.3%, respectively. No difference in OS was found according to disease severity (SAA vs. VSAA, p = 0.184), or according to donor type (MSD vs. UD, p = 0.699). Excellent outcomes of patients with VSAA underscore the efficacy of allogeneic transplant as a means of expediting hematopoietic recovery. Improved survival of UD transplant reaffirms its role as a valid therapeutic alternative in the absence of MSD.
Complexity as a Contract Design Factor: A Human‐to‐Human Experimental Study
Authors: Kalkancı Basak , Chen Kay‐Yut , Erhun Feryal 
Published: April 2013

Despite being theoretically suboptimal, simpler contracts (such as price‐only contracts and quantity discount contracts with limited number of price blocks) are commonly preferred in practice. Thus, exploring the tension between theory and practice regarding complexity and performance in contract design is especially relevant. Using human subject experiments, Kalkancı et al. (2011) showed that such simpler contracts perform effectively for a supplier interacting with a computerized buyer under asymmetric demand information. We use a similar set of experiments with the modification that a human supplier interacts with a human buyer. We show that human interactions strengthen the supplier's preference for simpler contracts. We find that suppliers have fairness concerns even when they interact with computerized buyers. These fairness concerns tend to be even stronger when suppliers interact with human buyers, particularly when the complexity of the contract is low. We also find that suppliers are more prone to random decision errors (i.e., bounded rationality) when interacting with human buyers. In the absence of social preferences, Kalkancı et al. identified reinforcement and bounded rationality as key biases that impact suppliers' decisions. In human‐to‐human experiments, we find evidence for social preference effects. However, these effects may be secondary to bounded rationality.