bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of chromium (VI) and arsenic (III)‐induced oxidative stress and hepatic apoptosis by phloretin, biochanin‐A, and coenzyme Q10 via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2/HO‐1/NQO1 signaling
Authors: Tripathi Swapnil , Parmar Dharati , Raval Samir , Mishra Rajeev , Singh Gyanendra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeavy metal contamination is an alarming concern on a global scale, as drinking tainted water significantly increases human susceptibility to heavy metals. In a realistic scenario, humans are often exposed to a combination of harmful chemicals rather than a single toxicant. Phloretin (PHL), biochanin‐A (BCA), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are bioactive compounds owning plentiful pharmacological properties. Henceforth, the current research explored the putative energizing effects of selected nutraceuticals in combined chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) intoxicated Swiss albino mice. Potassium dichromate (75 ppm) and sodium meta‐arsenite (100 ppm) were given in the drinking water to induce hepatotoxicity, conjugated with PHL and BCA (50 mg/kg each), and CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. After the statistical evaluation, it was observed that the hepato‐somatic index, metal load, and antioxidant activity (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content) increased along with the concomitant decrease in the antioxidants (catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and total thiol) in the Cr and As intoxicated mice. Additionally, light microscopy observations, DNA breakages, decreased silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase (HO‐1), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) gene expressions, together with stimulated apoptotic cell death manifested by the increased expressions of caspase 8 and caspase 3, thus, proved consistency with the aforementioned outcomes. Importantly, the treatment with nutraceuticals not only restored the antioxidant activity but also favorably altered the expressions of SIRT1, Nrf2, HO‐1, and NQO1 signaling and apoptosis markers. These findings highlight the crucial role of the PHL, BCA, and CoQ10 combination in reducing Cr and As‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice. By averting the triggered apoptosis in conjunction with oxidative stress, this combination increases the SIRT1, Nrf2, HO‐1, and NQO1 signaling, thereby reassuringly maintaining the cellular equilibrium.
Energy and spectroscopic parameters of neutral and cations isomers of the CnH2 (n = 2–6) families using high‐level ab‐initio approaches
Authors: Díaz Soto Lenin J. , Oliveira Ricardo R. , Baptista Leonardo , da Silveira Enio F. , Nascimento Marco Antonio Chaer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCationic species, previously detected from ion‐induced desorption of solid methane by plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS), and neutral species, are investigated using high‐level ab‐initio approaches. From a set of 25 cationic and 26 neutral structures belonging to CnH2 (n = 2–6) families, it was obtained the energy, rotational constants, harmonic vibrational frequency, charge distribution and excitation energies. The ZPVE‐corrected energies, at CCSD(T)‐F12; CCSD(T)‐F12/RI/(cc‐pVTZ‐F12, cc‐pVTZ‐F12‐CABS, cc‐pVQZ/C) (n = 2–5) and CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ (n = 6) levels, reveal that the topology of the most stable isomer vary with n and the charge. Out of 674 harmonic frequencies, those with maximum intensity are generally in the 3000–3500 cm−1 range. Analysis of 169 vertical transition energies calculated with the EOM‐CCSD approach, suggest three C6H2 species as potential carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIB). Systematic comparison of properties between neutral and cationic species can assist in the structural description of complex matrices.
Impact of dental school critical thinking demonstrations carryover to practice: Survey of 5‐year graduates
Authors: Johnsen David C. , Marchini Leonardo , Syrbu John , Howe Brian J. , Hartshorn Jennifer E. , Desai Jhanvi , Butali Azeez , Shi Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionLittle literature exists on graduates’ application to practice for explicit critical thinking skills learned in dental school.PurposesDiscern the (1) degree to which graduates apply explicit critical thinking skillsets in practice; (2) degree of adaptation of critical thinking skillsets to practice; (3) frequency of use for critical thinking skillsets in practice; and (4) perceptions to improve critical thinking learning guidance in dental school.MethodsFive critical thinking exercises/skillsets were selected that had been in place over 5 years with at least one paper: geriatrics, treatment planning, technology decision making, ethics, evidence‐based dentistry; each followed concepts from an emulation model in critical thinking. Electronic survey administered in 2023/2024 to alumni graduated in the last 5 years.ResultsOf 98 (from 320 distributed) returned, 56 completed the entire survey. Dental school experiences positively influenced use of critical thinking skills in practice. On a five‐point scale, mostly 4s and 5s were reported for “…benefit your thinking.” Fifty‐three percent reported “using ideas from the exercise and developed my own thought processes,” 35% reported “using the thought process largely as offered in the college” and 5% reported “do not use the exercise.” Sixty percent reported using the skillsets hourly or daily. With minor variations all skillsets were reported positively for use in practice.ConclusionsA positive influence of critical thinking skills was gained from the college experience with explicit positive impact for each of the five critical thinking experiences. The questions may be a model for future follow‐up studies of explicit dental school critical thinking exercises.
Out of the shadow: Encouraging online registration of micro and small businesses through a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Sarah Xue , Meisari Dewi , Rinaldi Banu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of a large‐scale randomized controlled field trial that tests the interest of informal businesses in free and online business registration. In collaboration with the Indonesian government, we designed a free and easy to use online registration portal for small businesses and sent WhatsApp or text messages to around 50 000 businesses to inform them about this new registration portal. We find that sending three rounds of short WhatsApp or text messages resulted in 3.4% of recipients clicking the registration link in the messages. Only 0.1% of recipients registered through the portal. Different phrasing of messages results in different click rate, different registration rate, and different rates the sender's number is blocked. Neutral message performs the best, followed by message that emphasizes that registration is easy. Message that appeals to people's patriotic feelings or message that emphasizes that registration is free performs the last.
Assessment of Tumor Cell Invasion and Radiotherapy Response in Experimental Glioma by Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Authors: Fels‐Palesandro Hannah , Heuer Sophie , Boztepe Berin , Streibel Yannik , Ungermann Johannes , Pan Chenchen , Scheck Jonas G. , Fischer Manuel , Sturm Volker J. , Azorín Daniel D. , Karimian‐Jazi Kianush , Annio Giacomo , Abdollahi Amir , Weidenfeld Ina , Wick Wolfgang , Venkataramani Varun , Heiland Sabine , Winkler Frank , Bendszus Martin , Sinkus Ralph , Breckwoldt Michael O. , Schregel Katharina 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGliomas are highly invasive brain neoplasms. MRI is the most important tool to diagnose and monitor glioma but has shortcomings. In particular, the assessment of tumor cell invasion is insufficient. This is a clinical dilemma, as recurrence can arise from MRI‐occult glioma cell invasion.HypothesisTumor cell invasion, tumor growth and radiotherapy alter the brain parenchymal microstructure and thus are assessable by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR elastography (MRE).Study TypeExperimental, animal model.Animal ModelTwenty‐three male NMRI nude mice orthotopically implanted with S24 patient‐derived glioma cells (experimental mice) and 9 NMRI nude mice stereotactically injected with 1 μL PBS (sham‐injected mice).Field Strength/Sequence2D and 3D T2‐weighted rapid acquisition with refocused echoes (RARE), 2D echo planar imaging (EPI) DTI, 2D multi‐slice multi‐echo (MSME) T2 relaxometry, 3D MSME MRE at 900 Hz acquired at 9.4 T (675 mT/m gradient strength).AssessmentLongitudinal 4‐weekly imaging was performed for up to 4 months. Tumor volume was assessed in experimental mice (n = 10 treatment‐control, n = 13 radiotherapy). The radiotherapy subgroup and 5 sham‐injected mice underwent irradiation (3 × 6 Gy) 9 weeks post‐implantation/sham injection. MRI‐/MRE‐parameters were assessed in the corpus callosum and tumor core/injection tract. Imaging data were correlated to light sheet microscopy (LSM) and histology.Statistical TestsPaired and unpaired t‐tests, a P‐value ≤0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFrom week 4 to 8, a significant callosal stiffening (4.44 ± 0.22 vs. 5.31 ± 0.29 kPa) was detected correlating with LSM‐proven tumor cell invasion. This was occult to all other imaging metrics. Histologically proven tissue destruction in the tumor core led to an increased T2 relaxation time (41.65 ± 0.34 vs. 44.83 ± 0.66 msec) and ADC (610.2 ± 12.27 vs. 711.2 ± 13.42 × 10−6 mm2/s) and a softening (5.51 ± 0.30 vs. 4.24 ± 0.29 kPa) from week 8 to 12. Radiotherapy slowed tumor progression.Data ConclusionMRE is promising for the assessment of key glioma characteristics.Evidence LevelNATechnical EfficacyStage 2
The intestinal microbiome of infants with cow's milk‐induced FPIES is enriched in taxa and genes of enterobacteria
Authors: Castro Ana M. , Sabater Carlos , Gutiérrez‐Díaz Isabel , Navarro Sandra , Rodriguez Silvia , Molinos Cristina , Jiménez Santiago , Claver Angela , Espin Beatriz , Domínguez Gloria , Coronel Cristóbal , Toyos Paula , Sariego Lydia , Fernández Porfirio , Perez David , Margolles Abelardo , Díaz Juan J. , Delgado Susana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a severe type of non‐IgE (immunoglobulin E)‐mediated (NIM) food allergy, with cow's milk (CM) being the most common offending food. The relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with the inflammatory process in infants with CM FPIES is unknown, although evidence suggests a microbial dysbiosis in NIM patients. This study was performed to contribute to the knowledge of the interaction between the gut microbiota and its derived metabolites with the local immune system in feces of infants with CM FPIES at diagnosis.MethodsTwelve infants with CM FPIES and a matched healthy control group were recruited and the gut microbiota was investigated by 16S amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Fatty acids (FAs) were measured by gas chromatography, while immune factors were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex technology.ResultsA specific pattern of microbiota in the gut of CM FPIES patients was found, characterized by a high abundance of enterobacteria. Also, an intense excretion of FAs in the feces of these infants was observed. Furthermore, correlations were found between fecal bifidobacteria and immune factors.ConclusionThese fecal determinations may be useful to gain insight into the pathophysiology of this syndrome and should be taken in consideration for future studies of FPIES patients.
Consumer Trends Reflected in the Contents of the Pediatric Esophagus: A 20‐Year Review
Authors: Xiao Jenny B. , Siu Jennifer M. , Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate epidemiological trends of pediatric esophageal foreign body (EFB) ingestion over two decades.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database for children <18 years who presented to a United States Emergency Department (ED) with EFB between 2003 and 2022. Number of cases and type of EFB were recorded. Rates of EFBs over time were analyzed via linear regression.ResultsA total of 52,315 EFB cases were identified over the 20‐year period, with a national estimate of 1,589,325 cases. The most frequently ingested objects were coins (37.6%), toys (13.5%), and batteries (6.8%). Overall incidence of EFB ingestion increased from 7.3 to 14.2/10,000 children from 2003 to 2022 (R2 = 0.8, p < 0.0001). Incidence of coin ingestion increased from 3 to 4.5/10,000 children (R2 = 0.06, p = 0.335) but represented a smaller proportion of all EFB over time (66% in 2003 versus 43% in 2022). Incidence of magnet, battery, and toy ingestion have increased from 0.3 to 1.0/10,000 (R2 = 0.9, p < 0.0001), 0.3 to 1/10,000 (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.0001), and 0.6 to 2.3/10,000 (R2 = 0.8, p < 0.0001) children, respectively, between 2003 and 2022. The proportion of magnet, battery, and toy ingestion have increased over time (3.2%, 6.5%, and 11.8%, respectively, in 2003 to 11.4%, 11.7%, and 22.2%, respectively, in 2022).ConclusionMagnet, battery, and toy ingestion have increased significantly in the past two decades, while the proportion of coin ingestion has decreased. This trend may reflect shifts within the consumer market and increased availability of electronics concurrent with the adoption of digital currency.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Novel Acryloylated and Methacryloylated Nanocellulose Derivatives with Improved Mucoadhesive Properties
Authors: Atakhanov Abdumutolib A. , Ashurov Nurbek Sh. , Kuzieva Makhliyo M. , Mamadiyorov Burhon N. , Ergashev Doniyor J. , Rashidova Sayyora Sh. , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this work, three nanocellulose derivatives are synthesized with the aim of preparing new mucoadhesive materials. Nanocellulose is reacted with glycidyl methacrylate in dimethylsulphoxide, and with acryloyl and methacryloyl chloride in dimethylacetamide in the presence of 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine as a catalyst. These reactions are carried out under heterogeneous conditions, and the reaction products are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectra showed all the characteristic absorption bands typical for cellulose and also new peaks at 1720 cm−1 for the carbonyl group (C═O) and 1639, 812 cm−1 for the double bond (C═C). It is established that the crystal structure of the nanocellulose is slightly changed with derivatisation and the thermal stability of these derivatives increased. Mucoadhesive properties of nanocellulose and its derivatives is evaluated using the tensile test, rotating basket method, and fluorescence flow‐through method. The retention of these polymers is evaluated on sheep oral mucosal tissue ex vivo using artificial saliva. Test results demonstrated that the new derivatives of nanocellulose have improved mucoadhesive properties compared to the parent nanocellulose.
Substrates with Tunable Hydrophobicity for Optimal Cell Adhesion
Authors: Snyder Yuriy , Todd Mary , Jana Soumen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrospinning is a technique used to create nano/micro‐fibrous materials from various polymers for biomedical uses. Polymers like polycaprolactone (PCL) are commonly used, but their hydrophobic properties can limit their applications. To enhance hydrophilicity, nonionic surfactants such as sorbitane monooleate (Span80) and poloxamer (P188) can be added to the PCL electrospinning solution without altering its net charge density. These additions enable the successful production of PCL/P188 and PCL/Span80 fibrous substrates. In this study, P188 and Span80 are incorporated into the PCL solutions; they are successfully electrospun into PCL/P188 and PCL/Span80 substrates, respectively. PCL/P188 substrates show that until a specific P188 concentration, fiber and pore sizes are similar to PCL substrates. However, exceeding 0.30% P188 concentration enlarges fibers, impacting fiber uniformity at higher concentrations. Conversely, higher concentrations of Span80 result in thicker, less uniform fibers, indicating potential disruptions in the electrospinning process. Notably, both surfactants significantly improve substrate hydrophilicity, enhancing the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. P188, in particular, shows superior efficacy in promoting cell adhesion and growth at concentrations optimized for different cell types. Therefore, precise surfactant concentrations in the electrospinning solution can lead to the optimization of electrospun substrates for tissue engineering applications.
Reviewing mathematical models of sperm signaling networks
Authors: Priego Espinosa Daniel , Espinal‐Enríquez Jesús , Aldana Andrés , Aldana Maximino , Martínez‐Mekler Gustavo , Carneiro Jorge , Darszon Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDave Garbers’ work significantly contributed to our understanding of sperm's regulated motility, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. These key sperm functions involve complex multistep signaling pathways engaging numerous finely orchestrated elements. Despite significant progress, many parameters and interactions among these elements remain elusive. Mathematical modeling emerges as a potent tool to study sperm physiology, providing a framework to integrate experimental results and capture functional dynamics considering biochemical, biophysical, and cellular elements. Depending on research objectives, different modeling strategies, broadly categorized into continuous and discrete approaches, reveal valuable insights into cell function. These models allow the exploration of hypotheses regarding molecules, conditions, and pathways, whenever they become challenging to evaluate experimentally. This review presents an overview of current theoretical and experimental efforts to understand sperm motility regulation, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different modeling strategies and highlight key findings and unresolved questions. Notable discoveries include the importance of specific ion channels, the role of intracellular molecular heterogeneity in capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and the impact of pH changes on acrosomal exocytosis. Ultimately, this review underscores the crucial importance of mathematical frameworks in advancing our understanding of sperm physiology and guiding future experimental investigations.
Gradient‐induced vibrations and motion‐induced Lenz effects on conductive nonmagnetic orthopedic implants in MRI
Authors: Zilberti Luca , Curreli Cristina , Arduino Alessandro , Zanovello Umberto , Baruffaldi Fabio , Bottauscio Oriano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the extent of gradient‐induced vibrations, and the magnitude of motion‐induced displacement forces (“Lenz effect”), in conductive nonmagnetic orthopedic prostheses.MethodsThe investigation is carried out through numerical simulations, for a 3 T scanner. For gradient‐induced torques and vibrations, a knee and a shoulder implant are considered, at dB/dt equal to 42 T/s (rms). For motion‐induced forces associated with the Lenz effect, a knee and a hip implant are studied, considering a patient who translates on the examination couch, or walks next to it.ResultsGradient‐induced torques may be within the same order of magnitude as the worst case gravitational torque defined in the ASTM standards. However, for all investigated cases, they result to be lower. In vacuum, the extent of the corresponding vibration reduces with frequency. At the lowest investigated frequency (270 Hz), it keeps below 25 μm. For an implant partially embedded in bone, the extent of the vibration increases with frequency. Nevertheless, the displacement is far lower than the worst case observed in vacuum (negligible in contact with the bone; ˜1 μm or less where the implant emerges from the bone). The Lenz effect induced by the motion of the patient through the stationary magnetic field produces forces on the order of a few millinewtons (i.e., at least two orders of magnitude lower than the implant weight).ConclusionComparing the results with mechanical loads caused by ordinary activities of daily living, and with the levels of tolerable micromotions, a good safety margin is confirmed.
Repairing of recycled hybrid carbon fiber laminates
Authors: Proietti Alice , Quadrini Fabrizio , Santo Loredana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompression molded hybrid laminates have been manufactured by stacking 10 recycled epoxy‐based carbon fiber plies with interlaminar polyamide film of 50 μm thickness. At first, carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites underwent thermo‐mechanical disassembly to obtain single composite CF plies. These plies, still impregnated with the waste cured resin, have been re‐assembled by interposing one or two sheets of the thermoplastic film in the lamination sequence. Neat laminates have been used for comparison. Samples of size 85 × 30 mm2 have been tested under bending load, and materials repairability has been evaluated under 2 consecutive repairing cycles that have been carried out by applying pressure and heat along the composite failure line. Even though the neat composite showed the best mechanical properties, after the first repairing cycle a drastic drop has been recorded with a reduction of the elastic modulus of 92.4%. On the other hand, the elastic modulus of the hybrid composites has been reduced of only 24% on average.Highlights
Thermo‐mechanical disassembly is used to recycle epoxy carbon fiber composite.
Hybrid laminates are obtained by placing polyamide film between recycled plies.
Pressure and heat are applied along the composite failure line for repairing.
Hybrid composites repairing is carried out in comparison with neat materials.
Repaired hybrid laminates have a higher elastic modulus than neat once.
Engineering material from flexible food packaging waste: Property profile and feasibility
Authors: Várdai Róbert , Romsics Imre , Pregi Emese , Faludi Gábor , Móczó János , Pukánszky Béla 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe goal of this project was to recycle the waste forming in the production of a flexible, multilayer food packaging film. The film consists of five layers, two polyamides containing three different polymers, a polyethylene and two adhesive layers of maleated polyethylene. The type of the components and the exact composition are not disclosed because they represent proprietary information. The key to recycling is the selection of an appropriate strategy and target product. In this case, glass fiber reinforced PA composites were produced with an acceptable property profile. The properties of the recycled product are comparable to those of commercial composites available on the market. The crucial question was the selection of the glass fiber grade with the appropriate sizing. The selection was further complicated by the possible interaction of the functionalized polymer with the sizing of the fiber. The implementation of the solution is feasible technologically, the properties of the product are comparable to those available on the market, and its price is very advantageous.Highlights
An engineering material can be produced from flexible multilayer packaging waste.
The properties of the recycled product are comparable with those on the market.
The selection of the glass fiber is crucial for mechanical properties.
The solution is feasible technologically and the final price is competitive.