bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Climate Change on Land Cover (Case study: Hilla District)
Authors: Talib Zubaida Rifaat , Laffta Suaad Jaber 
Published: August 2024

Climate change poses a global challenge with profound repercussions on land cover, particularly affecting areas like Iraq due to decreased rainfall, rising temperatures, desertification, vegetation loss, and reduced river tiers attributable to weather change. This study investigates the impact of climate change on land cover in the Al-Hillah district of Babil province, Iraq, using remote sensing data and satellite imagery from Landsat 5 and 8 through the website of the US Geological Survey from 1995 to 2021. ArcMap 10.8 software program was employed to analyze and visualize these changes. The Al-Hillah district spans an area of 878 km2, encompassing built-up areas, agriculture areas, desert land, wetlands, and river surface areas. The analysis involved Landsat satellite imagery for 1999, 2015, and 2021. The findings display that Hilla District has skilled the outcomes of climate change, primarily manifested in the expansion of desert areas. In 1999, barren land covered 93 km2. It had increased to 183 square kilometers, resulting in rising temperatures and decreased rainfall about 2 degrees below the overall common. It has brought about a reduction in vegetation cover in an area of 196 square kilometers, compared to the year 1999 covered 45.6%.
A Plausible Thermo-Dynamic Cause of an Implausible Psicho-Dynamic Course From The CIA Archive
Authors: Piao Daqing 
Published: August 2024

The STAR GATE archive included an experiment from China of psicho-physical claim reportedly conducted on aqueous object (Wu et al, 1991). Over a time-lapse of approximately 208 seconds, total 7 phases of significant temperature deviation from the baseline temperature of 25 °C may be identified, without an explainable source of thermal generation. Not questioning the genuineness of the experiment, this work analyzes the thermal-energy transfer on the test-object that could have caused the reported temperature changes. A non-adiabatic single-compartment produces first-order low-pass responses between a thermal-input and the object’s temperature. Whereas the input determines the steady-state condition, the thermal dissipation dictates the dynamics. Under the assumption of ONLY first-order responses and adjusting the input parameters including DC and AC magnitudes and time-constant of the single-compartment responses, multi-phase temperature changes resembling the reported patterns could be reconstructed. One rising phase and three falling phases with apparent oscillation were reconstructed by considering the thermal input to contain modulatory patterns of 0.4-0.5 Hz in frequency. Such modeled modulation of the thermal inputs would correspond to a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between the DC and AC magnitudes at a varying AC/DC modulation-depth of 94%. The low-frequency may suggest relevance to altered neuro-electro-physiology.
Near-Death Experiences are Caused by the Separation of Consciousness from the Body: An NDE Scale Analysis
Authors: Mays Robert , Mays Suzanne 
Published: August 2024

Near-death experiences (NDEs) cannot be defined merely as a collection of phenomenal features. An accurate definition needs to describe what NDEs essentially are, that is, what lies behind the phenomenal features. The definition would describe what happens in the experience to account for the different features; this can only be fully described in the context of an underlying theoretical framework. In this paper, we propose the mind entity framework, which holds that a human being is a nonmaterial mind united with the physical body. In an NDE, the mind, or seat of consciousness, separates from the body and operates independently of it until the mind returns to and reunites with the body. From this framework, we identified the nine NDE features from the 16 features of the NDE Scale (Greyson, 1983) that specifically imply the separation of the mind from the body. The five most prevalent of these “separation” features accounted for 98.8% of NDEs in a sample of NDE accounts in the IANDS Experience Registry (N=565). The prevalence of these five “essential” NDE features was repeated in three other large NDE datasets published in the last 20 years. Therefore, an NDE can be defined as a profound subjective experience caused by a person’s consciousness separating from their physical body.
PENGARUH VARIASI INJECTOR DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR TERHADAP PERFORMA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG YAMAHA SOUL GT 2014
Authors: Riyanto Luky , Suwignyo Joko , Mahendra Sena 
Published: August 2024

Peningkatan performa mesin adalah salah satu hal yang menjadi bahan riset untuk hasil yang lebih sempurna. Salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi performa mesin adalah sistem injeksi, dan penggunaan bahan bakar. Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan variasi jenis lubang injector, Kemudian dibandingkan dan dihitung kecepatan, konsumsi bahan bakar dan emisi gas buang.
Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) Menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan variasi injector dan bahan bakar terhadap performa mesin Yamaha Soul GT 2014 yang meliputi Torsi, Daya dan SFC. 2) Menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan variasi injector dan bahan bakar terhadap emisi gas buang Yamaha Soul GT 2014.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Performance Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Mesin Otomotif Universitas IVET.
Hasil penelitian: (1) daya dan torsi dipengaruhi jumlah hole injector dan jenis bahan bakar, dalam penelitian ini yang diunggulkan dalam torsi dan daya kendaraan adalah injector 8 hole, untuk bahan bakar pertalite yang paling tinggi peforma dan injector 8 hole yang memiliki torsi dan daya tertinggi; (2) Konsumsi bahan bakar yang paling banyak penggunaan yaitu menggunakan injector 8 hole hal ini dikarenakan injector 8 hole memiliki daya dan torsi besar; (3) emisi gas buang sepeda motor paling bagus dalam penggunaannya adalah injector 6 hole. Hal ini dikarenakan injector 6 hole hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan SFC akan semakin besar karena adanya penurunan daya pada putaran tinggi.

Kata Kunci: Pengaruh hole injector, Performa Sepeda Motor, SFC Motor Matic
STUDI ANALISIS PERMENDIKNAS NO. 40 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG STANDAR SARANA DAN PRASARANA SMK TERHADAP KELAYAKAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA BENGKEL TEKNIK DAN BISNIS SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Supriyono Didik , Abdillah Fuad , Fakhri Faizal 
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui kondisi sarana dan prasarana, (2) mengetahui sarana prasaran sudah sesuai standart permendiknas, (3) mengetahui kekurangan sarana dan prasarana SMK. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan dokumentasi, Obsrvasi dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan penggumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kondisi sarana dan prasarana di SMK Pelita Blora yang belum memadai, sarana dan prasarana SMK belum memenuhi standart yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah dan kurangnya peralatan, bahan praktik dan ruang praktik sehingga meminjam dari jurusan lain.

Kata Kunci : Sarana dan Prasarana, Standart Pemerintah dan Ruang Praktik
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FUEL ADJUSTER IQUTECHE TERHADAP PEFORMA DAN EMISI GAS BUANG SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA VARIO 150 CC TAHUN 2019
Authors: Huda Ahmad Miftakhul , Apriyanto Nuraedhi , Mahendra Sena 
Published: August 2024

A.Miftakhul Huda, NPM C3217210120. Pengaruh Penggunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche Terhadap Peforma Dan Emisi Gas Buang Sepeda Motor Honda Vario 150 Cc Tahun 2019. Tahun 2022. Skripsi.PVTMO. Fakultas Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi. Universitas IVET Semarang. 99 Halaman.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1) Menganalisis penggunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche terhadap torsi sepeda motor Honda Vario 2019, 2) Menganalisis penggunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche terhadap daya sepeda motor Honda Vario 2019, 3) Menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche terhadap SFC sepeda motor Honda Vario 2019, 4) Menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche terhadap emisi gas buang sepeda motor Honda Vario 2019.
Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dan jenis Deskriptif. Diharapkan dapat mengungkap berbagai informasi tentang pengaruh pengunaan Fuel Adjuster Iquteche terhadap peforma dan emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan.
Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah; 1) Daya yang dihasilkan oleh motor Honda Vario 150 tahun 2019 dengan menggunakan bahan bakar pertamax lebih maksimal dalam daya kendaraan sepeda motor dan menghasilkan 30% lebih tinggi dari putaran 4000 sampai 7000 yang terlihat peningkatan signifikan. Ketika menggunakan Fuel Adjuster meningkat dengan presentase 37% hal ini disebutkan Fuel Adjuster lebih memberikan daya ekstra untuk kendaraan motor tersebut agar memaksimalkan daya. 2) Torsi yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan Honda Vario 150 CC tahun 2019 lebih diunggulkan oleh bahan bakar pertalite dimana mencapai 18.4 menggunakan Fuel Adjuster 15-30-35 dengan rpm 4000. Sedangkan pertamax di rpm 4000 dengan Fuel Adjuster 15-30-35 hanya mencapai 7.933. 3) Honda Vario 150 CC tahun 2019 setelah melakukan berbagai uji maka ditemukan SFC yang signifikan stabil dari RPM 2500 sampai 6000 dan hanya mengalami kenaikan 20% sampai 30% setiap RPM. Pada RPM paling tinggi dihasilkan SFC dengan peningkatan lebih dari 50% yang menggunakan Fuel Adjuster sedangkan standart hanya mengalami peningkatan sampai 40% dengan RPM sampai 9000. 4) uji emisi gas buang dihasilkan gas CO baik dari standart dan menggunakan Fuel Adjuster dengan signifikan 15% dan bahan bakar dengan ramah lingkungan diperoleh pertamax dengan signifikan 12% dan hal tersebut juga sama dengan menggunakan Fuel Adjuster dimana Fuel Adjuster dapat lebih ramah gas CO.

Kata Kunci: Fuel Adjuster, Performa, Emisi Gas Buang
MEKANISME ANGIN SIKLON DAN ANTISIKLON DAN DAMPAK PADA CUACA
Authors: Alia Elisa Rachma 
Published: August 2024

Salah satu perubahan yang terjadi pada siklon tropis adalah intensitas dan frekuensinya, dan di beberapa wilayah di dunia intensitas dan frekuensi siklon tropis semakin meningkat yang berkaitan dengan perubahan iklim. Lautan yang memanas memberikan lebih banyak energi untuk membentuk dan mengintensifkan badai. Di sisi lain, salah satu inovasi antisiklon adalah stagnasi udara. Tekanan tinggi yang kuat dapat memperburuk kualitas udara dengan menyebabkan stagnasi udara dan memerangkap polutan di dekat permukaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu pemahaman topik mengenai mekanisme dan dampak pada angin siklon dan antisiklon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah literature review. Penelitian diawali dengan mencari artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian yang ingin dilakukan. Tahap selanjutnya adalah validasi artikel dengan menyaring artikel berdasarkan judul artikel yang sesuai dengan ide topik yang dibahas. Mekanisme siklon adalah terbentuk di daerah bertekanan rendah di atmosfer tempat udara naik. Mekanisme terjadinya antisiklon adalah angin bertekanan tinggi dihasilkan di daerah bertekanan tinggi di atmosfer tempat udara tenggelam. Pola siklon dan antisiklon mempengaruhi distribusi suhu, kelembapan, dan curah hujan di berbagai wilayah di dunia. Dampak cuaca lokal juga dapat bervariasi tergantung pada lokasi geografis, musim, dan faktor lingkungan lainnya.
Penerapan Metode Triple Exponential Smoothing Holt Winters dalam Meramalkan Jumlah Keberangkatan Penumpang Kapal di Pelabuhan Soekarno-Hatta Makassar
Authors: Abdy Muhammad , Irwan Irwan , Mayangsari Mayangsari 
Published: August 2024

Triple exponential smoothing Holt-Winters adalah suatu metode peramalan untuk data yang memiliki pola musiman dan memiliki dua cara perhitungan yaitu secara additive dan multiplicative. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai jumlah calon penumpang, agar pihak Pelindo (Pelabuhan Indonesia) dapat mempersiapkan atau melakukan penambahan jumlah kapal jika terjadinya suatu lonjakan jumlah penumpang. Metode yang tepat untuk meramalkan jumlah keberangkatan penumpang kapal di Pelabuhan Soekarno-Hatta Makassar untuk 12 bulan ke depan (Januari 2023 - Desember 2023) menggunakan metode triple exponential smoothing Holt-Winters. Pemilihan model terbaik berdasarkan hasil perbandingan nilai akurasi prakiraan MSE, RMSE dan MAD yang terkecil. Hasil peramalan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan model terbaik yang tepat untuk digunakan adalah model additive dengan nilai parameter , , dan dengan tingkat nilai akurasi prakiraan MSE=161718521, RMSE=12583,6952 dan MAD=8584,4011 yang lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan model Holt-Winters multiplicative.
Improving the Properties of Construction Plaster Mortar by using Portland Cement
Authors: J. Ismaeel Abaas 
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the physical properties of plaster by adding different percentages of the normal cement and white cement. These were 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of the weight of the plaster. All the required laboratory tests were performed and the results were compared to the Iraqi Standard No. (27) for the year 1988 and also compared the results with the results of plaster mortar without adding any ratios of normal and white cement in order to know the extent of change in the properties of plaster. The outcomes of the plaster softness test showed that the residual weight of the plaster on the sieve (1.18 mm) was equal to zero. This means that the softness of the plaster used was (0%) and conformed to the Iraqi standard. Also, the results of the test of the cohesion time of plaster when adding percentages of normal cement, it is clear that the best proportion was (5%) because the time of cohesion decreased clearly and this decline is acceptable and in accordance with the Iraqi standard, However, the results of the test of the cohesion time of plaster when adding percentages of White cement showed a huge reduction in the time of cohesion in comparison to those of normal cement and was contrary to the Iraqi standard. So, it can be said that it is possible to rely on the addition of ratios from normal cement better than the percentages of white cement due to a logical coherence time and conform to the standard . The results of the test of compressive strength of plaster showed and for all the cases mentioned that they were all in accordance with the Iraqi standard, and the best proportion was when adding (5%) normal cement because it gave the highest compressive strength from the other ratios. As for the addition of percentages of white cement, there was no increase in compressive strength when compared with the first and second cases, except at the ratio of (7.5%).
Applying GeoPlanner for ArcGIS in Urban planning
Authors: Khaleefah Hanoon Sadeq 
Published: August 2024

The science of urban planning emerged clearly after World War II, in the wake of the massive destruction of European cities. Because Iraq suffered from the results of more than three decades of wars and wrong policies, the urgent need for urban planning has emerged to address the consequences of war as well as large population growth with the lack of services and infrastructure. In addition, the use of traditional and old methods in planning has increased the problems of cities, it is therefore necessary to find modern scientific methods to discover the causes of problems and to develop appropriate solutions. These methods should use modern techniques such as GIS techniques and remote sensing, to enable the study of the present state of cities and the problems they suffer.
At present, GIS has evolved tremendously and has been used in many fields, including field of urban planning, where GIS is the cornerstone of urban planners because it simulates reality, explores points of vulnerability and gives timely solutions at low cost. There are different GIS applications according to the stages and levels of sectors and functions of the various urban planning. With increased ease of use and reduced GIS prices, GIS has become the practical and reasonable system for planners and an important component in supporting planning systems.
Recent developments in the integration of geographic information systems with planning models, visualization, and the internet, make GIS more useful in urban planning. It is known that data collection is difficult and costly task in the planning process. Today it is possible to obtain a lot of data required at no cost through the websites specialized in GIS.
This research highlights the process of collecting and filtering processes, analysis and presentation of geographical data as well as a data collection method of specialized websites, easily and free of charge, using GeoPlanner for ArcGIS Application which is one of GIS applications online. I found GeoPlanner for ArcGIS application has been the appropriate tools and assistance in the urban planning process, because its tools can explore, collect, analyze, process, and provide information in a variety of easy to understand formats capable of performing complex and difficult tasks such as Nassiriyah city problems.
I think that this research is the first paper which highlights GeoPlanner for ArcGIS application in Iraq and Arab countries, therefore I wrote the details of how we can use it.
Improvement of Gypsum Soil Properties by using Novolac polymer
Authors: Waddy Mohammed Dhay , A. Ahmed Balqeea , Th. AL-Hadidi Maysam 
Published: August 2024

This paper is a tamped to improve the engineering properties of gypseous soil by adding novolac polymer. The soil samples brought from the west of Karbala city with 36% of gypsum content. The research was carried out by adding a different percentage of novolac polymer (3%, 6%, 9% w/W) respectively and comparing the results with other samples treated with cement in the same percentages. The targeted engineering properties are permeability, shear strength, and collapsibility. The results showed that 3% w/W of novolac gives the best improving in collapsibility which is improved to 57.8 while 6% w/W of novolac improved both the bearing capacity and the permeability which improved to (25.2 and 86.2% ) respectively.
Optimization Of Surface Roughness Of Stainless Steel AISI 440 C Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Authors: Saleh Marsool Kadhim , Esmaeel Radhi Hazim 
Published: August 2024

Because of its high corrosion resistance and ability to preserve mechanical qualities at high temperatures, Stainless steels are used in a variety of applications, including automotive, aerospace, and marine. In metal turning, cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are all essential machining parameters . The settings of these parameters determine the quality of the final turning results. The goal of this research is to see how changing these parameters affects the output factor (Surface Roughness). In addition, the behavior of stainless steel 440 C in dry turning conditions is being investigated for purpose to improve cutting conditions. In response surface methodology (RSM), the box-behnken design (BBD) technique is used, the surface roughness was modeled as a result to the parameters of cutting. The 17 trial runs were built using Design Expert (v12) to develop and test the empirical surface roughness mathematical model. The results indicated that the roughness is strongly affected by the feed rate, followed by cutting speed and depth of cut.
Prediction of the Shear Strength of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars Using Artificial Neural Networks Model
Authors: A. Mashrei Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

In this paper an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model is developed to predict the shear strength of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. An experimented data set collected from the experimental studies on concrete beams reinforce with FRP bars are used in the artificial neural network. They are arranged in a format of six input parameters including the width and depth of beams, compressive strength of concrete, modulus of elasticity, reinforcement ratio of FRP and the shear span to depth ratio and one output parameter which is shear strength. A parametric study is carried out using ANN to study the influence of each parameter on the shear strength of concrete beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymers; the results showed that the shear strength increases with increasing all parameters used in ANN model except the shear span to depth ratio. In this case, as the shear span to depth ratio decreases, the shear strength increase. The results of this study indicate that the ANN provides good prediction as compared to the experimental data and the empirical equations.
Perspective the Use of Thermal Energy Lost From an Engine Cooling System to Run an Absorption Refrigerator for Vehicle Air Conditioning
Authors: Salman Shihab Abdulwadood 
Published: August 2024

This paper is addressed to investigate the possibility of using a waste heat to drive absorption refrigeration system as an alternative system for automobile air conditioning. LiBr-water absorption refrigerator is suggested for this application. A theoretical analysis of the system has been carried out to maximize its cooling potential. This study includes also an actual experimental test to measure the available waste heat that is rejected from water cooling system of a 6-cylinder petrol engine fitted to Toyota Land Cruiser vehicle. The test was performed directly on the vehicle using out-city high way roads. It is found that the wasted energy from the engine cooling system is ranged between 10 kW for idling engine speed and 68 kW when loading. The engine cooling water temperature is ranged between 71 and 84 . The reject heat available in the cooling water system is measured and found to be adequate for producing cooling up to 34 kW, but the low level of the water temperature did not allow the refrigeration system to produce continuous cooling corresponding to engine and vehicle speeds at a refrigeration temperature of 5 to 10 , especially at hot weather condition
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer Inside A vented Square Enclosure with Concentric Rotation Inner Cylinder
Authors: K. Alshara Ahmed , A. Abood Falah , A. Al-mayahi Huda 
Published: August 2024

Mixed convection heat transfer for laminar air flow inside a vented square enclosure with rotation inner cylinder is studied numerically The bottom wall is heated at constant temperature (Th ) while the other walls and the surfaces of the inner cylinder are adiabatic. An external flow enters the square cavity through an opening located down the left vertical wall and exits from an opening located in the upper right wall. The conservation governing equations (continuity, momentum and energy are solved by finite element method using Flex PDE software package. Results of velocity curves, isotherms and average Nusselt number show the effect of the variables: Richardson number (Ri = 0,6,10), Reynolds number (Re = 20, 50, 100 ), Prandtl number (Pr = 0.7), the dimensionless angular velocity (? = 0 –3) and dimensionless radius of rotating cylinder (R= 0 - 0.3) on heat transfer and flow filed. The results show that, the average Nusselt number increases with increasing Ri, Re, R and decreases with increasing ?. The results are compared with other authors in the literature and give a good agreement.