bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do patients choose to attend a private emergency department?
Authors: Shearer Freya M , Bailey Paul M , Hicks Brontie L , Harvey Brooke V , Monterosso Leanne , Ross‐Adjie Gail , Rogers Ian R 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the reasons patients decide to attend a particular acute care service, and their expectations of that service, is important in providing optimal patient care. The present study aimed to determine factors influencing patient decisions to attend a private Australian ED, an issue that has not been previously addressed in the literature.MethodsSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with ED patients, purposively sampled to broadly reflect the departmental caseload and casemix. The two primary questions asked were: ‘Why did you choose to come to this emergency department?’ and ‘What are your general expectations of this emergency department visit?’. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then analysed using manifest and then latent content analysis techniques.ResultsAll patients approached (n = 30) agreed to interview. Four key themes were identified: prior experience of the hospital, convenient location of the hospital, anticipated high‐quality care and anticipated short wait times.ConclusionsPatients chose to use the private ED because of prior experience, proximity, and an expectation they would be seen promptly and be provided with competent care.
Prevalence of Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa in Spain: clinical and analytical review in 200 families
Authors: Fernandez‐San Jose Patricia , Blanco‐Kelly Fiona , Corton Marta , Trujillo‐Tiebas Maria‐Jose , Gimenez Ascension , Avila‐Fernandez Almudena , Garcia‐Sandoval Blanca , Lopez‐Molina Maria‐Isabel , Hernan Inma , Carballo Miguel , Riveiro‐Alvarez Rosa , Ayuso Carmen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to determine the prevalence of mutations in the RHO gene in Spanish families with autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP), to assess genotype–phenotype correlations and to establish an accurate diagnostic algorithm after 23 years of data collection.Patients and MethodsTwo hundred patients were analysed through a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, single‐strand conformation polymorphism, genotyping microarray and Sanger sequencing of the RHO gene.ResultsOverall, 42 of 200 Spanish adRP families were mutated for RHO (21.0%). Twenty‐seven different RHO mutations were detected; seven of them were novel. A genotype–phenotype correlation was established with clinical data from 107 patients. The most prevalent p.Pro347Leu mutation, responsible for 4.5% (9/200) of all mutated adRP families, was associated with a phenotype of early onset and severe course diffuse RP.ConclusionsThis retrospective study provides a wide spectrum of mutations in the RHO gene in Spanish patients with adRP. Also, the prevalence of mutations is similar to that reported in European population. Genotyping microarray followed by RHO sequencing is proposed as a first step in molecular diagnosis of adRP Spanish families. An increasing understanding of causal RHO alleles in adRP facilitates disease diagnosis and prognosis, especially for the prevalent p.Pro347Leu mutation.
Estimation of drug receptor occupancy when non‐displaceable binding differs between brain regions – extending the simplified reference tissue model
Authors: Kågedal Matts , Varnäs Katarina , Hooker Andrew C. , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: November 2014

AimThe simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) is used for estimation of receptor occupancy assuming that the non‐displaceable binding in the reference region is identical to the brain regions of interest. The aim of this work was to extend the SRTM to also account for inter‐regional differences in non‐displaceable concentrations, and to investigate if this model allowed estimation of receptor occupancy using white matter as reference. It was also investigated if an apparent higher affinity in caudate compared with other brain regions, could be better explained by a difference in the extent of non‐displaceable binding.MethodsThe analysis was based on a PET study in six healthy volunteers using the 5‐HT1B receptor radioligand [11C]‐AZ10419369. The radioligand was given intravenously as a tracer dose alone and following different oral doses of the 5‐HT1B receptor antagonist AZD3783. Non‐linear mixed effects models were developed where differences between regions in non‐specific concentrations were accounted for. The properties of the models were also evaluated by means of simulation studies.ResultsThe estimate (95% CI) of KiPL was 10.2 ng ml−1 (5.4, 15) and 10.4 ng ml−1 (8.1, 13.6) based on the extended SRTM with white matter as reference and based on the SRTM using cerebellum as reference, respectively. The estimate (95% CI) of KiPL for caudate relative to other brain regions was 55% (48, 62%).ConclusionsThe extended SRTM allows consideration of white matter as reference region when no suitable grey matter region exists. AZD3783 affinity appears to be higher in the caudate compared with other brain regions.
Inclusion of Placebos and Blinding for Ascending Dose First‐in‐Human Studies and Other Underpowered Phase 1 Studies has not been Justified and on Balance is Not Useful
Authors: Parasrampuria Dolly A. , Benet Leslie Z. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractToday, the majority of phase 1 dose‐escalation first‐in‐human studies are designed as blinded, placebo‐controlled protocols. First‐in‐human phase 1 studies are a critical component of the drug development process, but in our opinion, the additions of blinding and placebo control to these study protocols are a matter of faith without scientific support to show that the increased complexity, time, burdensome nature and expense of such additions, plus the increase in human subjects studied, are justified and useful in the drug development process. Here, we document the prevalence of such studies, review and respond to the rationalizations for such protocols and propose that the addition of blinding and placebo control to first‐in‐human and many other underpowered phase 1 studies is unnecessary because these additions provide little documented benefit to the drug development process.
Specific Role of α2A‐ and α2B‐, but not α2C‐, Adrenoceptor Subtypes in the Inhibition of the Vasopressor Sympathetic Out‐flow in Diabetic Pithed Rats
Authors: Altamirano‐Espinoza Alain H. , Manrique‐Maldonado Guadalupe , Marichal‐Cancino Bruno A. , Villalón Carlos M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence have shown an association of diabetes with a catecholamines' aberrant homeostasis involving a drastic change in the expression of adrenoceptors. This homeostatic alteration includes, among other things, atypical actions of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists within central and peripheral α2‐adrenoceptors (e.g. profound antinociceptive effects in diabetic subjects). Hence, this study investigated the pharmacological profile of the α2‐adrenoceptor subtypes that inhibit the vasopressor sympathetic out‐flow in streptozotocin‐pre‐treated (diabetic) pithed rats. For this purpose, B‐HT 933 (up to 30 μg/kg min) was used as a selective α2‐adrenoceptor agonist and rauwolscine as a non‐selective α2A/2B/2C‐adrenoceptor antagonist; in addition, BRL 44408, imiloxan and JP‐1302 were used as subtype‐selective α2A‐, α2B‐ and α2C‐adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively (all given i.v.). I.v. continuous infusions of B‐HT 933 inhibited the vasopressor responses induced by electrical sympathetic stimulation without affecting those by i.v. bolus injections of noradrenaline in both normoglycaemic and diabetic rats. Interestingly, the ED50 for B‐HT 933 in diabetic rats (25 μg/kg min) was almost 1‐log unit greater than that in normoglycaemic rats (3 μg/kg.min). Moreover, the sympatho‐inhibition induced by 10 μg/kg min B‐HT 933 in diabetic rats was (i) abolished by 300 μg/kg rauwolscine or 100 and 300 μg/kg BRL 44408; (ii) partially blocked by 1000 μg/kg imiloxan; and (iii) unchanged by 1000 μg/kg JP‐1302. Our findings, taken together, suggest that B‐HT 933 has a less potent inhibitory effect on the sympathetic vasopressor responses in diabetic (compared to normoglycaemic) rats and that can probably be ascribed to a down‐regulation of α2C‐adrenoceptors.
Retracted: The cost‐effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for the treatment of idiopathic medically refractory overactive bladder (wet) in the UK
Authors: Autiero Silke Walleser , Hallas Natalie , Betts Christopher D. , Ockrim Jeremy L. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of specialised treatment options for medically refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) wet.Patients and MethodsThe cost‐effectiveness of competing treatment options for patients with medically refractory idiopathic OAB wet was estimated from the perspective of the National Health Service in the UK. We compared sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) with percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) or tined‐lead evaluation (TLE) with optimal medical therapy (OMT), botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) injections, and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). We used a Markov model with a 10‐year time horizon for all treatment options with the exception of PTNS, which has a time horizon of 5 years. Costs and effects (measured as quality‐adjusted life years) were calculated to derive incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Direct medical resources included are: device and drug acquisition costs, pre‐procedure and procedure costs, and the cost of managing adverse events. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed to test robustness of results.ResultsAt 5 years, SNS (PNE or TLE) was more effective and less costly than PTNS. Compared with OMT at 10 years, SNS (PNE or TLE) was more costly and more effective, and compared with BoNT‐A, SNS PNE was less costly and more effective, and SNS TLE was more costly and more effective. Decreasing the BoNT‐A dose from 150 to 100 IU marginally increased the 10 year ICERs for SNS TLE and PNE (SNS PNE was no longer dominant). However, both SNS options remained cost‐effective.ConclusionIn the management of patients with idiopathic OAB wet, the results of this cost‐utility analysis favours SNS (PNE or TLE) over PTNS or OMT, and the most efficient treatment strategy is SNS PNE over BoNT‐A over a 10‐year period.
A phase I study of TRC105 anti‐endoglin (CD105) antibody in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Karzai Fatima H. , Apolo Andrea B. , Cao Liang , Madan Ravi A. , Adelberg David E. , Parnes Howard , McLeod David G. , Harold Nancy , Peer Cody , Yu Yunkai , Tomita Yusuke , Lee Min‐Jung , Lee Sunmin , Trepel Jane B. , Gulley James L. , Figg William D. , Dahut William L. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTRC105 is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds endoglin (CD105). This phase I open‐label study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TRC105 in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).Patients and MethodsPatients with mCRPC received escalating doses of i.v. TRC105 until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression, up to a predetermined dose level, using a standard 3 + 3 phase I design.ResultsA total of 20 patients were treated. The top dose level studied, 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks, was the maximum tolerated dose. Common adverse effects included infusion‐related reaction (90%), low grade headache (67%), anaemia (48%), epistaxis (43%) and fever (43%). Ten patients had stable disease on study and eight patients had declines in prostate specific antigen (PSA). Significant plasma CD105 reduction was observed at the higher dose levels. In an exploratory analysis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased after treatment with TRC105 and VEGF levels were associated with CD105 reduction.ConclusionTRC105 was tolerated at 20 mg/kg every other week with a safety profile distinct from that of VEGF inhibitors. A significant induction of plasma VEGF was associated with CD105 reduction, suggesting anti‐angiogenic activity of TRC105. An exploratory analysis showed a tentative correlation between the reduction of CD105 and a decrease in PSA velocity, suggestive of potential activity of TRC105 in the patients with mCRPC. The data from this exploratory analysis suggest that rising VEGF level is a possible compensatory mechanism for TRC105‐induced anti‐angiogenic activity.
Prognostic Relevance of Histomolecular Classification of Diffuse Adult High‐Grade Gliomas with Necrosis
Authors: Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Mokhtari Karima , Colin Carole , Uro‐Coste Emmanuelle , Jouvet Anne , Dehais Caroline , Carpentier Catherine , Villa Chiara , Maurage Claude‐Alain , Eimer Sandrine , Polivka Marc , Vignaud Jean‐Michel , Laquerriere Annie , Sevestre Henri , Lechapt‐Zalcman Emmanuelle , Quintin‐Roué Isabelle , Aubriot‐Lorton Marie‐Hélène , Diebold Marie‐Danièle , Viennet Gabriel , Adam Clovis , Loussouarn Delphine , Michalak Sophie , Rigau Valérie , Heitzmann Anne , Vandenbos Fanny , Forest Fabien , Chiforeanu Danchristian , Tortel Marie‐Claire , Labrousse François , Chenard Marie‐Pierre , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Varlet Pascale , Kemeny Jean Louis , Levillain Pierre‐Marie , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Richard Pomone , Delattre Jean‐Yves ,   POLA Network
Published: November 2014

AbstractDiffuse adult high‐grade gliomas (HGGs) with necrosis encompass anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) with necrosis (grade III), glioblastomas (GBM, grade IV) and glioblastomas with an oligodendroglial component (GBMO, grade IV). Here, we aimed to search for prognostic relevance of histological classification and molecular alterations of these tumors. About 210 patients were included (63 AO, 56 GBM and 91 GBMO). GBMO group was split into “anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) with necrosis grade IV/GBMO,” restricted to tumors showing intermingled astrocytic and oligodendroglial component, and “GBM/GBMO” based on tumors presenting oligodendroglial foci and features of GBM. Genomic arrays, IDH1 R132H expression analyses and IDH direct sequencing were performed. 1p/19q co‐deletion characterized AO, whereas no IDH1 R132H expression and intact 1p/19q characterized both GBM and GBM/GBMO. AOA with necrosis/GBMO mainly demonstrated IDH1 R132H expression and intact 1p/19q. Other IDH1 or IDH2 mutations were extremely rare. Both histological and molecular classifications were predictive of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 10−4). Diffuse adult HGGs with necrosis can be split into three histomolecular groups of prognostic relevance: 1p/19q co‐deleted AO, IDH1 R132H‐GBM and 1p/19q intact IDH1 R132H+ gliomas that might be classified as IDH1 R132H+ GBM. Because of histomolecular heterogeneity, we suggest to remove the name GBMO.
What is the impact of bisphosphonate therapy upon dental implant survival? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ata‐Ali Javier , Ata‐Ali Fadi , Peñarrocha‐Oltra David , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveA systematic review and meta‐analysis are carried out to assess the scientific evidence that bisphosphonate therapy can decrease the success rate of dental implants.Material and methodsThe PubMed (Medline) database was used to search for articles published up until February 22, 2014. The meta‐analysis was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA). The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality.ResultsThe combinations of search terms resulted in a list of 256 titles. Fourteen finally met the inclusion criteria and were thus selected for inclusion in the systematic review. Eight studies (six retrospective and two prospective) were included in the meta‐analysis, with a total of 1288 patients (386 cases and 902 controls) and 4562 dental implants (1090 dental implants in cases and 3472 in controls). The summary odds ratio (OR = 1.43, P = 0.156) indicates that there is not enough evidence that bisphosphonates have a negative impact upon implant survival. According to the number need to harm (NNH), over 500 dental implants are required in patients receiving bisphosphonate treatment to produce a single implant failure.ConclusionOur results show that dental implant placement in patients receiving bisphosphonates does not reduce the dental implant success rate. On the other hand, such patients are not without complications, and risk evaluation therefore must be established on an individualized basis, as one of the most serious though infrequent complications of bisphosphonate therapy is bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Given the few studies included in our meta‐analysis, further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer durations of follow‐up are required to confirm the results obtained.
Severity and functional disability of patients with occupational contact dermatitis: validation of the German version of the Occupational Contact Dermatitis Disease Severity Index
Authors: Ofenloch Robert F. , Diepgen Thomas L. , Popielnicki Ana , Weisshaar Elke , Molin Sonja , Bauer Andrea , Mahler Vera , Elsner Peter , Schmitt Jochen , Apfelbacher Christian 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe Occupational Contact Dermatitis Disease Severity Index (ODDI) was designed in Australia to measure severity and functional disability in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) of the hands. The ODDI was translated into the German language with a linguistic validation process. The psychometric properties of the German version of the ODDI are still unclear.ObjectivesTo report the linguistic validation procedure and to perform a psychometric validation by investigating the validity and reliability of the German ODDI version in a sample of patients with OCD.MethodsData were drawn from the baseline assessment (T0) and first follow‐up (T1) of the German chronic hand eczema (CHE) registry (CARPE). Spearman correlations of the ODDI with reference measures were computed to assess validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated as a measure of internal consistency, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess retest reliability. The smallest real difference (SRD) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were calculated to assess sensitivity to change. Physician Global Assessment (PGA) was used as an anchor for the MCID.ResultsFour hundred and twenty‐two patients (54.5% female, mean age 45.1 years) were included for analysis. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.73. The ICC was 0.79. Correlations between the ODDI total and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (rho = 0.36), and between PGA (rho = 0.48) and patient‐assessed disease severity (rho = 0.40), were of moderate strength. The MCID (1.29) was found to be smaller than the SRD (1.87).ConclusionsThe German ODDI version is reliable and valid for the measurement of functional impairment and disease severity in patients suffering from OCD.
Association between cobalt allergy and dermatitis caused by leather articles – a questionnaire study
Authors: Bregnbak David , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundCobalt is a strong skin sensitizer and a prevalent contact allergen. Recent studies have recognized exposure to leather articles as a potential cause of cobalt allergy.ObjectivesTo examine the association between contact allergy to cobalt and a history of dermatitis resulting from exposure to leather.MethodsA questionnaire case–control study was performed: the case group consisted of 183 dermatitis patients with a positive patch test reaction to cobalt chloride and a negative patch test reaction to potassium dichromate; the control group consisted of 621 dermatitis patients who did not react to either cobalt or chromium in patch testing. Comparisons were made by use of a χ2‐test, Fisher's exact, and the Mann–Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations while taking confounding factors into consideration.ResultsLeather was observed as the most frequent exposure source causing dermatitis in the case group. Although the case group significantly more often reported non‐occupational dermatitis caused by leather exposure (p < 0.001), no association was found between cobalt allergy and dermatitis caused by work‐related exposure to leather.ConclusionsOur study suggests a positive association between cobalt allergy and a history of dermatitis caused by non‐occupational exposure to leather articles.
Are gloves sufficiently protective when hairdressers are exposed to permanent hair dyes? An in vivo study
Authors: Antelmi Annarita , Young Ewa , Svedman Cecilia , Zimerson Erik , Engfeldt Malin , Foti Caterina , Bruze Magnus 
Published: November 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe use of permanent hair dyes exposes hairdressers to contact allergens such as p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), and the preventive measures are insufficient.ObjectivesTo perform an in vivo test to study the protective effect of gloves commonly used by hairdressers.Patients/materials/methodsSix gloves from Sweden, Italy and Germany were studied: two vinyl, one natural rubber latex, two nitrile, and one polyethylene. The hair dye used for the provocation was a dark shade permanent dye containing PPD. The dye was mixed with hydrogen peroxide, and 8 PPD‐sensitized volunteers were tested with the gloves as a membrane between the hair dye and the skin in a cylindrical open chamber system. Three exposure times (15, 30 and 60 min) were used.ResultsEczematous reactions were found when natural rubber latex, polyethylene and vinyl gloves were tested with the dye. The nitrile gloves gave good protection, even after 60 min of exposure to the hair dye.ConclusionsMany protective gloves used by hairdressers are unsuitable for protection against the risk of elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis caused by PPD.
Acute appendicitis can be treated with single‐incision laparoscopy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Vettoretto N. , Cirocchi R. , Randolph J. , Morino M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimSingle‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been proposed as the next step in minimally invasive surgery for appendicectomy. Previous reviews have summarized the results of low‐evidence comparative studies, suggesting that the two approaches are comparable in terms of outcomes but showing the need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review offers a meta‐analyses of RCTs on this topic to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single‐incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA).MethodA comprehensive research of electronic databases was performed. Primary outcomes (overall and access‐specific morbidity) were designated as safety issues. Secondary outcomes were pain, cosmesis, operative time, conversion rate and length of hospital stay.ResultsAfter exclusions, five RCTs satisfied the inclusion criteria. They included a total of 761 patients [379 SILA and 382 conventional three‐port laparoscopic appendectomies (CLA)]. No significant differences were found in overall morbidity, early wound morbidity or length of stay between SILA and CLA. Cosmesis and pain were not comparable due to different scales and time records. Conclusions on the incisional hernia rate were not reliable due to short follow‐up periods.ConclusionSILA can be considered an acceptable alternative to CLA in the treatment of acute appendicitis, but an economic evaluation of the various techniques for single access must be performed before its widespread clinical introduction. Better‐designed RCTs are necessary to define a population in which SILA could have major benefits.