bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The formation of inflammatory demyelinated lesions in cerebral white matter
Authors: Maggi Pietro , Macri Sheila M. Cummings , Gaitán María I. , Leibovitch Emily , Wholer Jillian E. , Knight Heather L. , Ellis Mary , Wu Tianxia , Silva Afonso C. , Massacesi Luca , Jacobson Steven , Westmoreland Susan , Reich Daniel S. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveVascular permeability and inflammatory demyelination are intimately linked in the brain, but what is their temporal relationship? We aimed to determine the radiological correlates of the earliest tissue changes accompanying demyelination in a primate model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the common marmoset.MethodsBy 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T1 maps, proton density, and T2‐weighted images were acquired before and after EAE induction in 5 marmosets (every other week before lesions appeared, weekly thereafter). From scans before and after intravenous injection of contrast material, we measured the evolution of lesional blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, comparing in vivo MRI to postmortem tissue examination.ResultsOn average, BBB permeability increased 3.5‐fold (p < 0.0001) over the 4 weeks prior to lesion appearance. Permeability gradually decreased after lesion appearance, with attendant changes in the distribution of inflammatory cells (predominantly macrophages and microglia) and demyelination. On tissue analysis, we also identified small perivascular foci of microglia and T cells without blood‐derived macrophages or demyelination. These foci had no visible MRI correlates, although permeability within the foci, but not outside, increased in the weeks before the animals died (p < 0.0001).InterpretationThis study provides compelling evidence that in marmoset EAE, which forms lesions strongly resembling those of MS, early changes in vascular permeability are associated with perivascular inflammatory cuffing and parenchymal microglial activation but precede the arrival of blood‐derived monocytes that accompany demyelination. Prospective detection of transient permeability changes could afford an opportunity for early intervention to forestall tissue damage in newly forming lesions. Ann Neurol 2014;76:594–608
Detektion lokaler und zeitlicher Veränderungen der Elektrodengrenzschicht in Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien mit dem elektrochemischen Rastermikroskop
Authors: Bülter Heinz , Peters Fabian , Schwenzel Julian , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie Grenzschicht zwischen Elektrode und Elektrolyt (SEI; solid electrolyte interphase) in Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien trennt das stark reduzierende lithiierte Graphit von reduzierbaren Elektrolytbestandteilen. Sie ist von kritischer Bedeutung für die Leistungsfähigkeit, Haltbarkeit und den sicheren Betrieb der Batterien. In‐situ‐Abbildung der SEI wird mit dem Feedback‐Modus der elektrochemischen Rastermikroskopie mit 2,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐dimethoxybenzol als Mediator demonstriert. Die Bildung der SEI wird über eine Verringerung der Regenerationskinetik des Mediators beobachtet. Kontinuierliche Abbildungen einzelner Probenregionen zeigen Fluktuationen der passivierenden Eigenschaften auf einer Zeitskala von 2 min bis zu 20 h mit einer inhomogenen Verteilung über den Bildausschnitt. Die Implikationen des demonstrierten Herangehens für die In‐situ‐Bewertung lokaler SEI‐Eigenschaften auf Graphitelektroden werden in Bezug auf die Untersuchungen des Einflusses mechanischer Spannungen auf die Zuverlässigkeit der SEI und des Wirkungsprinzips von Elektrolytadditiven zur Verbesserung der SEI‐Eigenschaften diskutiert.
Three‐Dimensional Constrained Tracking Control Via Exact Differentiation Estimator of a Quadrotor Helicopter
Authors: Ghommam Jawhar , Charland Guillaume , Saad Maarouf 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a constructive method is presented to design a three dimensional trajectory tracking controller that forces a quadrotor helicopter to track a bounded and sufficiently smooth reference trajectory asymptotically in the presence of constant force disturbances. The quadrotor helicopter under consideration has fewer independent thrusters than degrees of freedom to be controlled. Motivated by the vehicle's steering practices, the roll and pitch angles are regarded as virtual controls along with four control forces to fulfill the task of position and yaw angle reference tracking. To prevent position constraint violation, the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is employed in the vectorial backstepping procedure to guarantee that the position and attitude constraints are not violated. The backstepping procedure employs an exact and robust sliding mode differentiator of order two to facilitate the implementation of the attitude command signal without calculating the virtual control signal derivative analytically.
Assays for determination of ertapenem for applications in therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics and sample stability
Authors: Pickering Matthew K. , Brown Stacy D. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCarbapanems are a class of β‐lactam antibiotics with broad‐spectrum potency and high β‐lactamase resistance. Ertapenem, a member of this class, sold under the trade name Invanz™, has been of interest in the world of antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring owing to its highly standardized 1 g dose and its high degree of plasma protein binding. Owing to the relative newness of this drug, fewer than 30 methods for ertapenem quantification have been published. Among these about half utilize biological matrices at the sample type. Liquid‐liquid extraction and protein precipitation prevail as the most frequently used sample preparation techniques, despite their low recoveries compared with solid‐phase extraction. Additionally, high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC‐UV) is the instrumentation choice for most ertapenem assays. While these approaches may not achieve the highest possible sensitivity for ertapenem quantification, they provide clinically relevant tools for monitoring ertapenem in real patients. Sample stability is an ongoing concern for laboratories that handle ertapenem analysis, with buffering being of paramount importance, as well as low temperature (&#60;−70°C) storage, to ensure minimal drug degradation in situ. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient preferences in advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Havrilesky Laura J. , Alvarez Secord Angeles , Ehrisman Jessie A. , Berchuck Andrew , Valea Fidel A. , Lee Paula S. , Gaillard Stephanie L. , Samsa Greg P. , Cella David , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Abernethy Amy P. , Reed Shelby D. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to elucidate relative preferences of women with ovarian cancer for symptoms, treatment‐related side effects, and progression‐free survival (PFS) relevant to choosing a treatment regimen.METHODSWomen with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer participated in a survey that included 3 methods to measure patient preferences (ratings, rankings, and a discrete‐choice experiment) for 7 attributes: mode of administration, visit frequency, peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and PFS. Participants were asked to choose between 2 unlabeled treatment scenarios that were characterized using the 7 attributes. Each participant completed 12 choice questions in which attribute levels were assigned according to an experimental design and a fixed‐choice question representing 2 chemotherapy regimens for ovarian cancer.RESULTSIn total, 95 women completed the survey. Participants' ratings and rankings revealed greater concern and importance for PFS than for any other attribute (P < .0001 for all). The discrete‐choice experiment revealed that the relative odds that a participant would choose a scenario with 18 months, 21 months, and 24 months of PFS versus 15 months of PFS were 1.5 (P = .01), 3.4 (P < .001), and 7.5 (P < .001), respectively. However, participants' choices indicated that they were willing to accept a shorter PFS to avoid severe side effects: 6.7 months to reduce nausea and vomiting from severe to mild, 5.0 months to reduce neuropathy from severe to mild, and 3.7 months to reduce abdominal symptoms from severe to moderate.CONCLUSIONSPFS is the predominant driver of patient preferences for chemotherapy regimens. However, women in the current study were willing to trade significant PFS time for reductions in treatment‐related toxicity. Cancer 2014;120:3651–3659. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Correlation of intraoperative cytological and final histological diagnoses: A retrospective 10‐year study of neurosurgical cases fromIbadan,Nigeria
Authors: Salami A. , Azeez A. , Malomo A. , Oluwasola A. , Adeleye A. , Ogun G. , Adeoye A. , Adeolu A. , Okolo C. , Eze U. , Abdullahi Y. , Lawan A. , Ogunbiyi J. , Akang E. , Shokunbi M. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveIntraoperative cytology is a cost‐effective, rapid, and easy technique, and studies have shown good correlation between intraoperative cytology and histology. We undertook this study to compare the intraoperative cytology diagnoses of brain lesions made in our unit over a 10‐year period with the definitive histological diagnoses. The aim was to determine the degree of accuracy of this procedure.Study designThis is a retrospective study of intraoperative neuropathology consultation cytology smears or imprints and histology of 69 cases obtained over a 10‐year period. Cytology smears were stained using both Papanicolaou and Giemsa. Histology sections were prepared from routine formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue and stained using H and E method. Each of the smears and histology samples were assessed by at least two pathologists. Cytological diagnosis was correlated with final histological diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis was evaluated using final histological diagnosis as gold standard.ResultsCorrelation was strongest with inflammatory lesions followed by low‐grade neoplasms. High‐grade neoplasms also showed good concordance, but the degree of correlation was lower than in the other categories. Misdiagnosis was commonest with benign tumors.ConclusionIntraoperative cytology is a relatively simple, reliable, and accurate diagnostic technique and should be more commonly used, particularly in low‐resource settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:195–201. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Onsite cytopathology evaluation and ancillary studies beneficial in EUS‐FNA of pancreatic, mediastinal, intra‐abdominal, and submucosal lesions
Authors: Mehmood Shafqat , Jahan Amna , Loya Asif , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim 
Published: August 2014

IntroductionEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNA) is considered to be a minimally invasive and safe technique, with low complication rates, for obtaining tissue samples from pancreatic lesions, and mediastinal and intra‐abdominal nodes. We retrospectively reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of this method at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.MethodsThe medical records of 393 consecutive patients referred to the gastroenterology service from August 2008 to September 2013 were reviewed in this retrospective study. The mean age of the patients at presentation was 51.2 years (range 6–89; 56.7% males). Major indications for referral were to establish a diagnosis in patients with a pancreatic mass or lymphadenopathy of unknown origin detected on CT scan or PET‐CT (n = 235), to exclude lymph node metastasis in those with a known primary tumor (n = 114), and to rule out relapse of lymphoma after treatment or during follow up (n = 44). Of 393 patients, 181 had mediastinal lymphadenopathy, 115 had pancreatic lesions; 79 had intra‐abdominal lymphadenopathy and 18 patients had miscellaneous lesions (gastric mass, splenic, retroperitoneal, esophageal, or adrenal lesions).ResultsA mean of 2.2 passes per patient were made; 85% of patients had ≤3 passes. The initial rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) was positive in 363 of 393 (92.3%) patients, but on final cytopathological interpretation, 369 of 393 (93.9%) patients had an adequate specimen for diagnosis. Sufficient material for cytopathology was obtained in 369 patients (93.9%), whereas 24 patients (6.1%) had inadequate aspirate on EUS‐FNA as assessed by final cytopathological interpretation. The concordance between final cytopathological diagnoses and ROSE was 98.2%. Follow‐up data were available for 296 (75.3%) patients, whereas 97 patients were lost to follow up. Of these 296 patients, 283 of 296 patients were true positive, 9 of 296 were true negative, and 4 of 296 patients were false negative. The overall calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 98.6, 100, 100, and 69.2%, respectively. The major diagnoses that we obtained were granulomata (n = 114), adenocarcinoma (n = 104), reactive nodes (n = 35), metastatic carcinoma (n = 35), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL; n = 19) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; n = 11), neuroendocrine tumors (n = 11), spindle cell lesions (n = 7), benign lesions (n = 9), cystic neoplasms (n = 6), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (n = 3), and miscellaneous (n = 15). Only 3 of 393 patients (0.7%) suffered a complication as a result of EUS‐FNA, and all three were successfully managed conservatively.ConclusionEUS‐FNA, combined with ROSE, is a safe and highly effective technique in experienced hands with excellent diagnostic accuracy and low complication rates. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:278–286. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of U‐tube sampling data based on modeling of CO2 injection into CH4 saturated aquifers
Authors: Li Jun , Li Xiaochun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWhen CO2 is injected into aquifers in a hydrocarbon basin, either for CO2 geological storage or enhanced oil recovery (EOR), these aquifers are most likely saturated with CH4. Dissolving CO2 into the aqueous phase will cause CH4 to come out of the aqueous phase and partitioning into the CO2‐rich non‐aqueous phase under static conditions. It is not well understood how this process develops under flow conditions, which is the subject of this paper. Although CH4 solubility in brine is low under the subsurface conditions, the effects of CH4 dissolved in saline aquifers cannot be ignored for CO2 sequestration projects. This is due to the changes of the phase behavior, capillary pressure, and relative permeability which has already been recognized by previous studies. This work couples a recently developed thermodynamic model of CO2‐CH4‐brine system with an industrial reservoir simulator and applies it in the simulation of CO2 injection into a CH4 saturated aquifer. Simulation results are compared to field observations from U‐tube sampling and used to provide reasonable explanations. From the simulations, the compositions in U‐tube samples are influenced by U‐tube inlet position, perforation and the reservoir (geological) properties. With the explanations, the U‐tube observations of gas samples can be well matched by numerical simulation results.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Efficacy and tolerability of minocycline augmentation therapy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Oya Kazuto , Kishi Taro , Iwata Nakao 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThis study aimed to perform a comprehensive meta‐analysis of minocycline augmentation therapy in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic agents.MethodsData published up to 2 June 2014 were obtained from the PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing minocycline with placebo. Relative risk (RR), standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsWe included four RCTs. The total sample included 330 patients. Minocycline was superior to placebo for decreasing Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores (SMD = −0.70), PANSS negative subscale scores (SMD = −0.86), and PANSS general subscale scores (SMD = −0.50) but was not different from placebo for PANSS positive subscale scores (SMD = −0.26) and depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.28). Minocycline was equivalent to placebo for all‐cause discontinuation (RR = 1.10), discontinuation due to inefficacy (RR = 0.42), discontinuation due to adverse events (RR = 1.56), and discontinuation due to death (RR = 3.18). Minocycline was superior to placebo for extrapyramidal side‐effect scores (SMD = −0.32).ConclusionsMinocycline may improve the psychopathology of schizophrenia, especially the negative symptoms, and seems to be well tolerated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total antioxidant capacity is significantly lower in cocaine‐dependent and methamphetamine‐dependent patients relative to normal controls: results from a preliminary study
Authors: Walker Jessica , Winhusen Theresa , Storkson Jayne M. , Lewis Daniel , Pariza Michael W. , Somoza Eugene , Somoza Veronika 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundOxidative stress can result in damage to the brain and other organs. To protect from oxidative damage, the human body possesses molecular defense systems, based on the activity of antioxidants, and enzymatic defense systems, including the enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px). Although pre‐clinical research has shown that stimulant use is associated with oxidative damage, oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense systems have not been evaluated in clinical samples of stimulant‐dependent patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the link between stimulant dependence and oxidative stress.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from 174 methamphetamine (n = 48) and/or cocaine‐dependent (n = 126) participants as well as 30 normal control participants were analyzed for the enzyme activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH‐Px in the erythrocytes and the total antioxidant capacity and the malondialdehyde concentration in the plasma.ResultsWe could show an association of stimulant dependence with a depletion of total antioxidant capacity to 54.6 ± 4.7%, which correlates with a reduced activity of the SOD to 71.3 ± 0.03% compared with healthy control participants (100%).ConclusionStimulant‐dependent patients had significantly lower antioxidant capacity relative to controls, suggesting that they may be at greater risk for oxidative damage to the brain and other organs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk assessment considerations with regard to the potential impacts of pesticides on endangered species
Authors: Brain Richard A , Teed R Scott , Bang JiSu , Thorbek Pernille , Perine Jeff , Peranginangin Natalia , Kim Myoungwoo , Valenti Ted , Chen Wenlin , Breton Roger L , Rodney Sara I , Moore Dwayne RJ 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Simple, deterministic screening-level assessments that are highly conservative by design facilitate a rapid initial screening to determine whether a pesticide active ingredient has the potential to adversely affect threatened or endangered species. If a worst-case estimate of pesticide exposure is below a very conservative effects metric (e.g., the no observed effects concentration of the most sensitive tested surrogate species) then the potential risks are considered de minimis and unlikely to jeopardize the existence of a threatened or endangered species. Thus by design, such compounded layers of conservatism are intended to minimize potential Type II errors (failure to reject a false null hypothesis of de minimus risk), but correspondingly increase Type I errors (falsely reject a null hypothesis of de minimus risk). Because of the conservatism inherent in screening-level risk assessments, higher-tier scientific information and analyses that provide additional environmental realism can be applied in cases where a potential risk has been identified. This information includes community-level effects data, environmental fate and exposure data, monitoring data, geospatial location and proximity data, species biology data, and probabilistic exposure and population models. Given that the definition of “risk” includes likelihood and magnitude of effect, higher-tier risk assessments should use probabilistic techniques that more accurately and realistically characterize risk. Moreover, where possible and appropriate, risk assessments should focus on effects at the population and community levels of organization rather than the more traditional focus on the organism level. This document provides a review of some types of higher-tier data and assessment refinements available to more accurately and realistically evaluate potential risks of pesticide use to threatened and endangered species. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:102–117. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
Endangered species pesticide risk assessments typically employ screening-level evaluations to derive preliminary risk conclusions. Many methodological refinements s are available to more accurately and realistically quantify risks should progression to higher-tiers of risk assessment be necessary. Available higher-tier refinements take advantage of exposure, biological and toxicological data, use of spatially-explicit tools, development of more realistic exposure, risk and population models, and incorporation of probabilistic methods. Collectively, higher-tier refinements are designed to progress risk assessment from highly conservative and unrealistic towards more ecologically representative, realistic and relevant estimates.
The relationship between chemical‐induced kidney weight increases and kidney histopathology in rats
Authors: Craig Evisabel A. , Yan Zhongyu , Zhao Q. Jay 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe kidney is a major site of chemical excretion, which results in its propensity to exhibit chemically‐induced toxicological effects at a higher rate than most other organs. Although the kidneys are often weighed in animal toxicity studies, the manner in which these kidney weight measurements are interpreted and the value of this information in predicting renal damage remains controversial. In this study we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between chemically‐induced kidney weight changes and renal histopathological alterations. We also examined the relative utility of absolute and relative (kidney‐to‐body weight ratio) kidney weight in the prediction of renal toxicity. For this, data extracted from oral chemical exposure studies in rats performed by the National Toxicology Program were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. Our analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between absolute, but not relative, kidney weight and renal histopathology in chemically‐treated rats. This positive correlation between absolute kidney weight and histopathology was observed even with compounds that statistically decreased terminal body weight. Also, changes in absolute kidney weight, which occurred at subchronic exposures, were able to predict the presence or absence of kidney histopathology at both subchronic and chronic exposures. Furthermore, most increases in absolute kidney weight reaching statistical significance (irrespective of the magnitude of change) were found to be relevant for the prediction of histopathological changes. Hence, our findings demonstrate that the evaluation of absolute kidney weight is a useful method for identifying potential renal toxicants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.