bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium silicate cement‐induced remineralisation of totally demineralised dentine in comparison with glass ionomer cement: tetracycline labelling and two‐photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: ATMEH A.R. , CHONG E.Z. , RICHARD G. , BOYDE A. , FESTY F. , WATSON T.F. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryTwo‐photon fluorescence microscopy, in combination with tetracycline labelling, was used to observe the remineralising potentials of a calcium silicate‐based restorative material (BiodentineTM) and a glass ionomer cement (GIC:​Fuji​IX) on totally demineralised dentine. Forty demineralised dentine discs were stored with either cement in three different solutions: phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with tetracycline, phosphate‐free tetracycline, and tetracycline‐free PBS. Additional samples of demineralised dentine were stored alone in the first solution. After 8‐week storage at 37 °C, dentine samples were imaged using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were later embedded in PMMA and polished block surfaces studied by 20 kV BSE imaging in an SEM to study variations in mineral concentration. The highest fluorescence intensity was exhibited by the dentine stored with BiodentineTM in the PBS/tetracycline solution. These samples also showed microscopic features of matrix remineralisation including a mineralisation front and intra‐ and intertubular mineralisation. In the other solutions, dentine exhibited much weaker fluorescence with none of these features detectable. Raman spectra confirmed the formation of calcium phosphate mineral with Raman peaks similar to apatite, while no mineral formation was detected in the dentine stored in cement‐free or PBS‐free media, or with GIC. It could therefore be concluded that BiodentineTM induced calcium phosphate mineral formation within the dentine matrix when stored in phosphate‐rich media, which was selectively detectable using the tetracycline labelling.
Imaging nanoparticle‐algae interactions in three dimensions using Cytoviva microscopy
Authors: VALLOTTON P. , ANGEL B. , MCCALL M. , OSMOND M. , KIRBY J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryPlasmonic resonances of metal‐based nanoparticles are increasingly used for ultrasensitive imaging assays. In this context, the CytovivaTM microscopy platform has greatly gained in popularity. In essence, Cytoviva is an optimized dark field microscope that permits detection of particles down to a few nanometers in size. A significant limitation of Cytoviva up to now has been that it only provided for single plane imaging. The datasets produced by this technique therefore only show a partial view of the sample – not ideally suited to analysis. Here we explain how to overcome this limitation by mounting the Cytoviva condenser on an automated microscope with Z‐scanning capability. Our method allows three‐dimensional mapping of nanoparticles in their full three‐dimensional cellular context. We apply this technique to study the interaction of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles with cells of the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, a system of significant environmental relevance because algae underlie much of the aquatic food chain. Our objective was to develop a technique to visualize in detail the interaction of nanoparticles with cells in three dimensions, such that one may, for example, determine whether a particular nanoparticle is inside a cell, at its very surface, or at a distance from it.
Comparative architectural properties of limb muscles in Crocodylidae and Alligatoridae and their relevance to divergent use of asymmetrical gaits in extant Crocodylia
Authors: Allen Vivian , Molnar Julia , Parker William , Pollard Andrea , Nolan Grant , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCrocodiles and their kin (Crocodylidae) use asymmetrical (bounding and galloping) gaits when moving rapidly. Despite being morphologically and ecologically similar, it seems alligators and their kin (Alligatoridae) do not. To investigate a possible anatomical basis for this apparent major difference in locomotor capabilities, we measured relative masses and internal architecture (fascicle lengths and physiological cross‐sectional areas) of muscles of the pectoral and pelvic limbs of 40 individuals from six representative species of Crocodylidae and Alligatoridae. We found that, relative to body mass, Crocodylidae have significantly longer muscle fascicles (increased working range), particularly in the pectoral limb, and generally smaller muscle physiological cross‐sectional areas (decreased force‐exerting capability) than Alligatoridae. We therefore hypothesise that the ability of some crocodylians to use asymmetrical gaits may be limited more by the ability to make large, rapid limb motions (especially in the pectoral limb) than the ability to exert large limb forces. Furthermore, analysis of scaling patterns in muscle properties shows that limb anatomy in the two clades becomes more divergent during ontogeny. Limb muscle masses, fascicle lengths and physiological cross‐sectional areas scale with significantly larger coefficients in Crocodylidae than Alligatoridae. This combination of factors suggests that inter‐clade disparity in maximal limb power is highest in adult animals. Therefore, despite their apparent morphological similarities, both mean values and scaling patterns suggest that considerable diversity exists in the locomotor apparatus of extant Crocodylia.
Stratified medicine for the use of antidiabetic medication in treatment of type II diabetes and cancer: where do we go from here?
Authors: Emami‐Riedmaier A. , Schaeffeler E. , Nies A. T. , Mörike K. , Schwab M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAt present, the global diabetes epidemic is affecting 347 million individuals, 90% of whom are diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is commonly treated with more than one type of therapy, including oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and agents used in the treatment of diabetic complications. Several pharmacological classes of OADs are currently available for the treatment of T2DM, of which insulin secretagogues (i.e. sulphonylureas and meglitinides), insulin sensitizers [thiazolidinediones (TZDs)] and biguanides are the most commonly prescribed. Although many of these OADs have been used for more than half a century in the treatment of T2DM, the pharmacogenomic characteristics of these compounds have only recently been investigated, primarily in retrospective studies. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics have led to the identification of polymorphisms that affect the expression and function of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, as well as drug targets and receptors. These polymorphisms have been shown to affect the therapeutic response to and side effects associated with OADs. The aim of this review was to provide an up‐to‐date summary of some of the pharmacogenomic data obtained from studies of T2DM treatment, with a focus on polymorphisms in genes affecting pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and treatment outcome of the most commonly prescribed OADs. In addition, the implications of pharmacogenomics in the use of the OAD metformin in cancer will be briefly discussed. Finally, we will focus on recent advances in novel ‘omics’ technologies and discuss how these might aid in the personalized management of T2DM.
Accuracy of Judgments of Personality Based on Textual Information on Major Life Domains
Authors: Borkenau Peter , Mosch Alice , Tandler Nancy , Wolf Annegret 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe studied the accuracy of personality impressions relying on textual information on important life domains. Specifically, how is accuracy moderated by the trait being judged, information being provided, judgeability of target persons, and perceptiveness of judges? A sample of 208 students was recruited in groups of four mutual acquaintances who described themselves and each other on a measure of the Five‐Factor Model of personality. Moreover, they wrote essays on their hobbies, friends, family, academic studies, and plans for the future and provided self‐reports on possible predictors of expressive accuracy. The essays were delivered to 130 strangers who reported their impressions of the personality of the targets and provided self‐reports on possible predictors of perceptive accuracy. Accuracy was measured by correlating these impressions with the descriptions of the targets by their acquaintances. The judges used the available information efficiently. Overall, impressions of Openness to Experience were most accurate, but accuracy depended on the information being provided. Several predictors of expressive and perceptive accuracy were identified using Biesanz's (2010) social accuracy model. The results advance our understanding of factors contributing to and moderating the accuracy of personality impressions based on textual information.
The Kata Kolok Pointing System: Morphemization and Syntactic Integration
Authors: de Vos Connie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSigned utterances are densely packed with pointing signs, reaching a frequency of one in six signs in spontaneous conversations (de Vos, 2012; Johnston, 2013a; Morford & MacFarlane, 2003). These pointing signs attain a wide range of functions and are formally highly diversified. Based on corpus analysis of spontaneous pointing signs in Kata Kolok, a rural signing variety of Bali, this paper argues that the full meaning potentials of pointing signs come about through the integration of a varied set of linguistic and extralinguistic cues. Taking this hybrid nature of pointing phenomena into account, it is argued that pointing signs may become an intrinsic aspect of sign language grammars through two mechanisms: morphemization and syntactic integration. Although not entailed in this research, this approach could implicate that some highly systematized pointing systems of speaking communities may to a degree be grammatical as well.
Logic as Marr's Computational Level: Four Case Studies
Authors: Baggio Giosuè , van Lambalgen Michiel , Hagoort Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe sketch four applications of Marr's levels‐of‐analysis methodology to the relations between logic and experimental data in the cognitive neuroscience of language and reasoning. The first part of the paper illustrates the explanatory power of computational level theories based on logic. We show that a Bayesian treatment of the suppression task in reasoning with conditionals is ruled out by EEG data, supporting instead an analysis based on defeasible logic. Further, we describe how results from an EEG study on temporal prepositions can be reanalyzed using formal semantics, addressing a potential confound. The second part of the article demonstrates the predictive power of logical theories drawing on EEG data on processing progressive constructions and on behavioral data on conditional reasoning in people with autism. Logical theories can constrain processing hypotheses all the way down to neurophysiology, and conversely neuroscience data can guide the selection of alternative computational level models of cognition.
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS AS A NEW METHODOLOGICAL TOOL TO UNDERSTAND UNIVERSITY–INDUSTRY COOPERATION
Authors: PINHEIRO MIGUEL LINHARES , LUCAS CÂNDIDA , PINHO JOSÉ CARLOS 
Published: November 2014

Purpose: This work tests the use of social network analysis (SNA) as a new methodological approach to better understand university–industry (U–I) relationships in the context of research and development (R&D) cooperation networks for innovation.Methodology: Following a thorough review of the literature on U–I links from the last two decades, focusing on methodologies, SNA was applied to data on work relationships, obtained through a survey of the participants from University and Industry, engaged on a FP7 project.Findings: SNA is suggested as a useful and relevant tool to understand and examine U–I R&D cooperation at both personal and organizational levels. In support of this statement, several examples and an empirical illustration are provided. The assessment of the processes underlying the establishment and maintenance of U–I relationships within R&D cooperation with SNA suggested that interpersonal relationships are crucial for the establishment of successful cooperative activities. Unlike other tools, SNA allows the recognition of preferential relationships between institutions, and reveals asymmetries from within the U–I R&D network.Originality/value: This paper addresses the interactional dynamics embedded in U–I links. Most studies regarding U–I links focus on describing the downstream processes associated with technology transfer and commercialization. This study applies SNA to understand the ex ante establishment and maintenance of U–I relationships within R&D cooperation. The high volatility of these relationships, in view of the importance of the expected outcomes, justifies the need to understand the fundamentals of successful cooperation.
Changes in Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and Sclerostin following a Loading Dose of Vitamin D2(300,000 IU)
Authors: Sankaralingam A. , Roplekar R. , Turner C. , Dalton R. N. , Hampson G. 
Published: November 2014

Background. Vitamin D is important for bone health, although high loading doses have been associated with an increase in fracture risk. The mechanisms remain uncertain.Aim. We hypothesize that supraphysiological concentrations of 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D may inhibit formation by increasing the production of Wnt inhibitors: sclerostin andDKK1.Subjects and Methods. We measured serum sclerostin andDKK1in 34 patients (21 F, 13 M) aged mean (SD) 61.3 (15.6) years with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency treated with a loading dose of vitamin D2(300,000 IU) intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken at baseline and serially up to 3 months.Results. Serum 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D increased markedly at 3 months (mean (SD) baseline 116 (63), 3 months : 229 (142) pmol/L,P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between sclerostin andDKK1at baseline (r=0.504, P=0.002) and at 3 months (r=0.42, P=0.013). A significant inverse correlation was observed between sclerostin and eGFR at 3 months (r=-0.494, P=0.007). Sclerostin increased significantly at 3 months (P=0.033). In a multilinear regression analysis with % change in sclerostin andDKK1as dependent variable, a positive significant association was observed with % change in 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D (P=0.038), independent of changes in PTH and following correction for confounders such as age, gender, BMI, BMD and eGFR.Conclusions. Supraphysiological concentration in 1,25 (OH)2vitamin D achieved following a loading dose of vitamin D increases sclerostin and may inhibit Wnt signalling. This may have detrimental effects on bone.
Incidence, Predictors, and Procedural Results of Upgrade to Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Essebag Vidal , Joza Jacqueline , Birnie David H. , Sapp John L. , Sterns Laurence D. , Philippon Francois , Yee Raymond , Crystal Eugene , Kus Teresa , Rinne Claus , Healey Jeffrey S. , Sami Magdi , Thibault Bernard , Exner Derek V. , Coutu Benoit , Simpson Chris S. , Wulffhart Zaev , Yetisir Elizabeth , Wells George , Tang Anthony S.L. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
The resynchronization-defibrillation for ambulatory heart failure trial (RAFT) study demonstrated that adding cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in selected patients requiring de novo implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICD) reduced mortality as compared with ICD therapy alone, despite an increase in procedure-related adverse events. Data are lacking regarding the management of patients with ICD therapy who develop an indication for CRT upgrade.

Methods and Results—

Participating RAFT centers provided data regarding de novo CRT-D (CRT with ICD) implant, upgrade to CRT-D during RAFT (study upgrade), and upgrade within 6 months after presentation of study results (substudy). Substudy centers enrolled 1346 (74.9%) patients in RAFT, including 644 de novo, 80 study upgrade, and 60 substudy CRT attempts. The success rate (initial plus repeat attempts) was 95.2% for de novo versus 96.3% for study upgrade and 90.0% for substudy CRT attempts (
P
=0.402). Acute complications occurred among 26.2% of de novo versus 18.8% of study upgrade and 3.4% of substudy CRT implantation attempts (
P
<0.001). The most common complication was left ventricular lead dislodgement. The principal reasons for not yet attempting upgrade in the substudy were patient preference (31.9%), New York Heart Association Class I (17.0%), and a QRS <150 ms (13.1%).

Conclusions—
Among a broad group of implant physicians, CRT upgrades were performed in patients with an ICD in situ with no difference in implant success rate and a reduced acute complication rate as compared with a de novo CRT implant. Decisions to upgrade were influenced by predictors of benefit in subgroup analyses of the RAFT study and other trials.
How Do Atmospheric Rivers Form?
Authors: Dacre H. F. , Clark P. A. , Martinez-Alvarado O. , Stringer M. A. , Lavers D. A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The term “atmospheric river” is used to describe corridors of strong water vapor transport in the troposphere. Filaments of enhanced water vapor, commonly observed in satellite imagery extending from the subtropics to the extratropics, are routinely used as a proxy for identifying these regions of strong water vapor transport. The precipitation associated with these filaments of enhanced water vapor can lead to high-impact flooding events. However, there remains some debate as to how these filaments form. In this paper, the authors analyze the transport of water vapor within a climatology of wintertime North Atlantic extratropical cyclones. Results show that atmospheric rivers are formed by the cold front that sweeps up water vapor in the warm sector as it catches up with the warm front. This causes a narrow band of high water vapor content to form ahead of the cold front at the base of the warm conveyor belt airflow. Thus, water vapor in the cyclone’s warm sector, not long-distance transport of water vapor from the subtropics, is responsible for the generation of filaments of high water vapor content. A continuous cycle of evaporation and moisture convergence within the cyclone replenishes water vapor lost via precipitation. Thus, rather than representing a direct and continuous feed of moist air from the subtropics into the center of a cyclone (as suggested by the term “atmospheric river”), these filaments are, in fact, the result of water vapor exported from the cyclone, and thus they represent the footprints left behind as cyclones travel poleward from the subtropics.
Ingestion of Simulated SMAP L3 Soil Moisture Data into Military Maneuver Planning
Authors: Frankenstein Susan , Stevens Maria , Scott Constance 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper uses simulated SMAP level-3 (L3) soil moisture data to calculate soil strength directly and compares the results against the current Noah Land Information System–based climatology approach. Based on the availability of data, three sites were chosen for the study: Cheorwon, South Korea; Laboue, Lebanon; and Asham, Nigeria. The simulated SMAP satellite data are representative of May conditions. For all three regions, this is best represented by the “average” soil moisture used in the current climatology approach. The cumulative distribution frequency of the two soil moisture sources indicates good agreement at Asham, Nigeria; mixed agreement at Cheorwon, South Korea; and no agreement at Laboue, Lebanon. Soil strengths and resulting vehicle speeds for a High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) M1097 were calculated based on the Harmonized World Soil Database soil types used by the two soil moisture sources, as well as with a finer-resolution National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency product. Better agreement was found in soil strengths using the finer-resolution soil product. Finally, fairly large differences in soil moisture become muted in the speed calculations even when all factors except soil strength, slope, and vehicle performance are neglected. It is expected that the 0.04 volumetric uncertainty in the final SMAP L3 soil moisture product will have the greatest effect at low vehicle speeds. Field measurements of soil moisture and strength as well as soil type are needed to verify the results.
Double-hit lymphomas: current paradigms and novel treatment approaches
Authors: Dunleavy Kieron 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) are a heterogeneous group of mature B-cell lymphomas that harbor concurrent rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 or, occasionally, BCL6. Several studies have now shown that they are associated with a very aggressive clinical course and poor outcome after standard R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) therapy, with few patients surviving beyond 2 years. Due to their rarity, there is a paucity of data evaluating patient outcomes with alternative strategies to R-CHOP and no consensus on how they should be optimally managed. Recent studies have demonstrated that a significant proportion of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases have high protein expression of MYC and BCL2 as detected by IHC. These so-called “double-expressor” DLBCLs are also associated with a poor outcome after R-CHOP, even when MYC and BCL2 rearrangements are absent. There is much interest in developing new strategies for DHL and better characterizing the underlying biology that drives their poor prognosis. Alternative chemotherapy platforms to R-CHOP, such as DA-EPOCH-R (dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and rituximab), are under investigation for MYC-rearranged DLBCL, including DHL, and several novel small-molecule inhibitors of MYC and BCL2 are in development.
Balancing cure and long-term risks in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Silverman Lewis B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cure rates for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved dramatically over the last few decades. With this success has come increasing recognition of the adverse late effects of treatment. The significant long-term sequelae in the earliest cohort of long-term survivors treated in the 1970s and 1980s are well documented. To reduce the incidence of these late effects, the majority of pediatric patients treated on more contemporary regimens receive less intensive treatment than did those treated 30-40 years ago. However, current therapies are not risk free; children treated with contemporary regimens remain at risk for developing long-term toxicities, including cardiac dysfunction, osteonecrosis, neurocognitive impairment, and second malignant neoplasms. One of the great challenges facing clinical investigators today is to identify interventions that will reduce the frequency and severity of long-term toxicities without adversely affecting cure rates. The use of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant (to prevent anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity) and alternate-week dosing of dexamethasone (to reduce the risk of osteonecrosis) are examples of 2 such successful strategies. This article provides an overview of the long-term toxicities associated with current therapies and reviews results of clinical trials designed to minimize the burden of cure in long-term survivors.