bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Radar QPE Errors for Nonuniform VPRs in Mesoscale Convective Systems Using TRMM Observations
Authors: Qi Youcun , Zhang Jian , Cao Qing , Hong Yang , Hu Xiao-Ming 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contain both regions of convective and stratiform precipitation, and a bright band (BB) is often found in the stratiform region. Inflated reflectivity intensities in the BB often cause positive biases in radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). A vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) correction is necessary to reduce such biases. However, existing VPR correction methods for ground-based radars often perform poorly for MCSs owing to their coarse resolution and poor coverage in the vertical direction, especially at far ranges. Spaceborne radars such as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), on the other hand, can provide high resolution VPRs. The current study explores a new approach of incorporating the TRMM VPRs into the VPR correction for the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) radar QPE. High-resolution VPRs derived from the Ku-band TRMM PR data are converted into equivalent S-band VPRs using an empirical technique. The equivalent S-band TRMM VPRs are resampled according to the WSR-88D beam resolution, and the resampled (apparent) VPRs are then used to correct for BB effects in the WSR-88D QPE when the ground radar VPR cannot accurately capture the BB bottom. The new scheme was tested on six MCSs from different regions in the United States and it was shown to provide effective mitigation of the radar QPE errors due to BB contamination.
If They Like You, They Learn from You: How a Brief Weathercaster-Delivered Climate Education Segment Is Moderated by Viewer Evaluations of the Weathercaster
Authors: Anderson Ashley A. , Myers Teresa A. , Maibach Edward W. , Cullen Heidi , Gandy Jim , Witte Joe , Stenhouse Neil , Leiserowitz Anthony 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Local television (TV) weathercasters are a potentially promising source of climate education, in that weather is the primary reason viewers watch local TV news, large segments of the public trust TV weathercasters as a source of information about global warming, and extreme weather events are increasingly common (Leiserowitz et al.; U.S. Global Change Research Program). In an online experiment conducted in two South Carolina cities (Greenville, n = 394; Columbia, n = 352) during and immediately after a summer heat wave, the effects on global warming risk perceptions were examined following exposure to a TV weathercast in which a weathercaster explained the heat wave as a local manifestation of global warming versus exposure to a 72-h forecast of extreme heat. No main effect of the global warming video on learning was found. However, a significant interaction effect was found: subjects who evaluated the TV weathercaster more positively were positively influenced by the global warming video, and viewers who evaluated the weathercaster less positively were negatively influenced by the video. This effect was strongest among politically conservative viewers. These results suggest that weathercaster-delivered climate change education can have positive, albeit nuanced, effects on TV-viewing audiences.
Re-evaluation of the pathogenic roles of nonstructural protein 1 and its antibodies during dengue virus infection
Authors: Chuang Yung-Chun , Wang Shu-Ying , Lin Yee-Shin , Chen Hong-Ru , Yeh Trai-Ming 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage are the two major pathogenic changes found in these patients. From previous studies, it is known that both antibodies and cytokines induced in response to DENV infection are involved in the immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS. However, the role of viral factors during DENV infection remains unclear. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which is secreted in the sera of patients, is a useful diagnostic marker for acute DENV infection. Nevertheless, the roles of NS1 and its antibodies in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS are unclear. The focus of this review is to evaluate the possible contributions of NS1 and the antibodies it induces to vascular leakage and abnormal hemorrhage during DENV infection, which may provide clues to better understanding the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
Target delivery of MYCN siRNA by folate-nanoliposomes delivery system in a metastatic neuroblastoma model
Authors: Zhu Qiqi , Feng Chen , Liao Weiwei , Zhang Yan , Tang Suoqin 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Folate-nanoliposomes delivery system has emerged recently as a specific and safety delivery method and gradually used as the carrier of a variety kinds of drugs including compounds, plasmids and siRNAs.

Methods
In this study, we established a bone marrow and bone metastasis xenograft mouse model by injecting the LA-N-5 cell into the bone marrow cavity. Fluorescence microscopy, TUNEL Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot were conducted to analysis the distribution of folate-nanoliposomes entrapped MYCN (V-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene) siRNA in mice and the relevant suppression effect.

Results
The folate-nanoliposomes entrapped MYCN siRNA can be specifically distributed in tumor tissues. Further study shows that folate-nanoliposomes entrapped MYCN siRNA lead to MYCN mRNA expression significantly down-regulated (>50%, and p < 0.05) compared with negative control siRNA treatment. MYCN protein expression was inhibited about 60% in vivo, thus induced tumor cell apoptosis markedly.

Conclusion
This study point to a new way for treatment of metastatic neuroblastoma and could widen the application of folate-nanoliposomes delivery system in tumor therapy.
Proteomic profiling for the identification of serum diagnostic biomarkers for abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms
Authors: Satoh Kazumi , Maniwa Tomoko , Oda Teiji , Matsumoto Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Aortic aneurysm is an increasingly common vascular disorder with fatal implication. However, there is no established diagnosis other than that based on aneurysmal size. For this purpose, serum protein biomarkers for aortic aneurysms are valuable. Although most of the studies on serum biomarker discovery have been based on comparison of serum proteins from the patient group with those from the healthy group, we considered that comparison of serial protein profiles such as those in presurgical and postsurgical sera within one patient would facilitate identification of biomarkers since the variability of serial protein profiles within one patient is smaller than that between groups. In this study, we examined serum proteins with differential levels in postsurgery compared with those in presurgery after the removal of aneurysmal tissues in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) patients in order to identify potential serum biomarkers for AAAs and TAAs.

Results
A proteomic approach with an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling followed by nano liquid chromatography (nanoLC)-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF/TOF)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used. In the sera of patients with AAAs and TAAs, a total of 63 and 71 proteins with differential levels were further narrowed down to 6 and 8 increased proteins (≧1.3 fold, postsurgical vs. presurgical) (p < 0.05, patient vs. control) and 12 and 17 decreased proteins (< 0.77 fold, postsurgical vs. presurgical) (p < 0.05, patient vs. control) in postsurgical sera compared with those in presurgical sera, respectively. All of the increased proteins in postsurgical sera of both AAA and TAA patients included several known acute-phase proteins. On the other hand, in the decreased proteins, we found intriguing molecules such as α-2-macroglobulin, gelsolin, kallistatin, and so on. Among them, we confirmed that kallistatin in both AAA and TAA patients and α-2-macroglobulin in TAA patients showed decrease levels in postsurgical sera similar to those in control sera by Western blot analysis with other sera from AAA and TAA patients.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings suggest that Kallistatin and α-2-macroglobulin are potential serum biomarkers for both AAA and TAA and TAA, respectively.
Sexual risk behaviour, marriage and ART: a study of HIV-positive people in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Man Wing Young Nicola , Kelly Angela , Worth Heather , Frankland Andrew , Shih Patti , Kupul Martha , Lwin Thiri , Mek Agnes , Kepa Barbara , Emori Rebecca , Akuani Frances , Cangah Brenda , Walizopa Lucy , Pirpir Lawrencia , Nosi Somu , Siba Peter M 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The prevention of intimate partner transmission of HIV remains an important component of comprehensive HIV prevention strategies. In this paper we examine the sexual practices of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Papua New Guinea (PNG).

Method
In 2008, a total of 374 HIV-positive people over the age of 16 and on ART for more than two weeks were recruited using a non-probability, convenience sampling methodology. This accounted for around 18% of adults on ART at the time. A further 36 people participated in semi-structured interviews. All interviews were thematically analysed using NVivo qualitative data analysis software.

Results
Less than forty per cent (38%) of participants reported having had sexual intercourse in the six months prior to the survey. Marital status was by far the most important factor in determining sexual activity, but consistent condom use during vaginal intercourse with a regular partner was low. Only 46% reported consistent condom use during vaginal intercourse with a regular partner in the last six months, despite 77% of all participants reporting that consistent condom use can prevent HIV transmission. Consistent condom use was lowest amongst married couples and those in seroconcordant relationships. The vast majority (91.8%) of all participants with a regular heterosexual partner had disclosed their status to their partner. Qualitative data reinforced low rates of sexual activity and provided important insights into sexual abstinence and condom use.

Conclusions
Considering the importance of intimate partner transmission of HIV, these results on the sexual practices of people with HIV on ART in PNG suggest that one-dimensional HIV prevention messages focussing solely on condom use fail to account for the current practices and needs of HIV-positive people, especially those who are married and know their partners’ HIV status.
The ARIQUELI study: potentiation of quetiapine in bipolar I nonresponders with lithium versus aripiprazole
Authors: Missio Giovani , Moreno Doris Hupfeld , Fernandes Fernando , Bio Danielle Soares , Soeiro-de-Souza Márcio Gehardt , Rodrigues dos Santos Domingos , David Denise Petresco , Costa Luis Felipe , Demétrio Frederico Navas , Moreno Ricardo Alberto 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) remains a challenge due to the complexity of the disease. Current guidelines represent an effort to assist clinicians in routine practice but have several limitations, particularly concerning long-term treatment. The ARIQUELI (efficacy and tolerability of the combination of lithium or aripiprazole in young bipolar non or partial responders to quetiapine monotherapy) study aims to evaluate two different augmentation strategies for quetiapine nonresponders or partial responders in acute and maintenance phases of BD treatment.

Methods/Design
The ARIQUELI study is a single-site, parallel-group, randomized, outcome assessor-blinded trial. BD I patients according to the DSM-IV-TR, in depressive, manic/hypomanic or mixed episode, aged 18 to 40 years, are eligible. After diagnostic assessments, patients initiated treatment in phase I with quetiapine. Nonresponders or partial responders after 8 weeks are allocated into one of two groups, potentiated with either lithium (0.5 to 0.8 mEq/l) or aripiprazole (10 or 15 mg). Patients will be followed up for 8 weeks in phase I (acute treatment), 6 months in phase II (continuation treatment) and 12 months in phase III (maintenance treatment). Outcome assessors are blinded to the treatment. The primary outcome is the evaluation of changes in mean scores on the CGI-BP-M between baseline and the endpoint at the end of each study phase.

Discussion
The ARIQUELI study is currently in progress, with patients undergoing acute treatment (phase I), potentiation (phase II) and maintenance (phase III). The study will be extended until January 2015. Trials comparing lithium and aripiprazole with potentiate treatment in young BD I nonresponders to quetiapine in monotherapy can provide relevant information on the safety of these drugs in clinical practice. Long-term treatment is an issue of great importance and should be evaluated further through more in-depth studies given that BD is a chronic disease.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710163
L1cam promotes tumor progression and metastasis and is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Dong-liang , Zeng Zhao-lei , Yang Jing , Ren Chao , Wang De-shen , Wu Wen-jing , Xu Rui-hua 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Previous reports have demonstrated that L1cam is aberrantly expressed in various tumors. The potential role of L1cam in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer is still not clear and needs exploring.

Methods
Expression of L1cam was evaluated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The relationship between L1cam expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The effects of L1cam on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were investigated in gastric cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. The impact of L1cam on PI3K/Akt pathway was also evaluated.

Results
L1cam was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. L1cam expression was correlated with aggressive tumor phenotype and poor overall survival in gastric cancer patients. Ectopic expression of L1cam in gastric cell lines significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion whereas knockdown of L1cam inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. The low level of phosphorylated Akt in HGC27 cells was up-regulated after ectopic expression of L1cam, whereas the high level of phosphorylated Akt in SGC7901 cells was suppressed by knockdown of L1cam. Moreover, the migration and invasion promoted by L1cam overexpression in gastric cancer cells could be abolished by either application of LY294002 (a phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor) or knockdown of endogenous Akt by small interfering RNA.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that L1cam, overexpressed in gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis, plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.
Human β-defensin 3 induces STAT1 phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphatase activity, and cytokine synthesis in T cells
Authors: Meisch Jeffrey P , Vogel Ryan M , Schlatzer Daniela M , Li Xiaolin , Chance Mark R , Levine Alan D 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe AMP hBD-3 stimulates numerous immune effector functions in myeloid cells and keratinocytes, predominantly through the MAPK signaling cascade. In contrast, hBD-3 was reported to neutralize the activation of T cells by antagonizing MAPK signaling initiated by SDF-1α through CXCR4. With the use of complementary proteomic and immunochemical approaches, we investigated possible stimulatory effects of hBD-3 on T cells and demonstrate that hBD-3 induces STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation within 5 min yet is unable to induce MAPK activation. Inclusion of a PTPase inhibitor increased hBD-3-induced phosphorylation dramatically, suggesting that hBD-3 also stimulates PTPase activity concurrently. The increase in PTPase activity was confirmed by demonstrating that hBD-3 suppresses IFN-γ-induced STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation but not STAT1 serine and ERK1/2 threonine phosphorylation and stimulates the translocation of SHP-2 into the nucleus within 15 min. The signaling pathways initiated by hBD-3 may lead to the observed enhancement of distinct T cell effector functions during TCR activation, such as the increase in IL-2 and IL-10, but not IFN-γ secretion. Thus, hBD-3 initiates distinct lineage-specific signaling cascades in various cells involved in host defense and induces a concurrent tyrosine kinase and tyrosine phosphatase signaling cascade that may activate simultaneously the targeted T cells and inhibit their response to other immune mediators. Furthermore, these results suggest that this evolutionarily conserved peptide, which exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, serves to integrate innate and adaptive immunity.
Comparison of the clinical and radiological outcomes of three minimally invasive techniques for total knee replacement at two years
Authors: Lin S-Y. , Chen C-H. , Fu Y-C. , Huang P-J. , Lu C-C. , Su J-Y. , Chang J-K. , Huang H-T. 
Published: June 2013

Minimally invasive total knee replacement (MIS-TKR) has been reported to have better early recovery than conventional TKR. Quadriceps-sparing (QS) TKR is the least invasive MIS procedure, but it is technically demanding with higher reported rates of complications and outliers. This study was designed to compare the early clinical and radiological outcomes of TKR performed by an experienced surgeon using the QS approach with or without navigational assistance (NA), or using a mini-medial parapatellar (MP) approach. In all, 100 patients completed a minimum two-year follow-up: 30 in the NA-QS group, 35 in the QS group, and 35 in the MP group. There were no significant differences in clinical outcome in terms of ability to perform a straight-leg raise at 24 hours (p = 0.700), knee score (p = 0.952), functional score (p = 0.229) and range of movement (p = 0.732) among the groups. The number of outliers for all three radiological parameters of mechanical axis, frontal femoral component alignment and frontal tibial component alignment was significantly lower in the NA-QS group than in the QS group (p = 0.008), but no outlier was found in the MP group.In conclusion, even after the surgeon completed a substantial number of cases before the commencement of this study, the supplementary intra-operative use of computer-assisted navigation with QS-TKR still gave inferior radiological results and longer operating time, with a similar outcome at two years when compared with a MP approach.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:906–10.
Total knee replacement with retention of both cruciate ligaments
Authors: Sabouret P. , Lavoie F. , Cloutier J-M. 
Published: June 2013

We report on the long-term results of 163 bicruciate-retaining Hermes 2C total knee replacements in 130 patients at a mean follow-up of 22.4 years (20.3 to 23.5). Even when the anterior cruciate ligament had a partially degenerative appearance it was preserved as long as the knee had a normal anterior drawer and Lachman’s test pre-operatively. The description and surgical technique of this minimally constrained prosthesis were published in 1983 and the ten-year clinical results in 1999.A total of 12% of the knees (20 of 163) in this study were revised because of wear of the polyethylene tibial insert. Excellent stability was achieved and the incidence of aseptic component loosening was 4.3% (seven of 163). The survival rate using revision for any reason as the endpoint was 82% (95% confidence interval 76.2 to 88.0).Although this series included a relatively small number of replacements, it demonstrated that the anterior cruciate ligament, even when partially degenerated at the time of TKR, remained functional and provided adequate stability at a long-term follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:917–22.
Metatarsal transfer for the treatment of post-axial metatarsal-type foot synpolydactyly
Authors: Sahin O. , Kuru I. , Akgun R. C. , Sahin B. S. , Canbeyli I. D. , Tuncay I. C. 
Published: June 2013

We analysed the clinical and radiological outcomes of a new surgical technique for the treatment of heterozygote post-axial metatarsal-type foot synpolydactyly with HOX-D13 genetic mutations with a mean follow-up of 30.9 months (24 to 42). A total of 57 feet in 36 patients (mean age 6.8 years (2 to 16)) were treated with this new technique, which transfers the distal part of the duplicated fourth metatarsal to the proximal part of the fifth metatarsal. Clinical and radiological assessments were undertaken pre- and post-operatively and any complications were recorded. Final outcomes were evaluated according to the methods described by Phelps and Grogan. Forefoot width was reduced and the lengths of the all reconstructed toes were maintained after surgery. Union was achieved for all the metatarsal osteotomies without any angular deformities. Outcomes at the final assessment were excellent in 51 feet (89%) and good in six (11%). This newly described surgical technique provides for painless, comfortable shoe-wearing after a single, easy-to-perform operation with good clinical, radiological and functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:929–34.
A Cesàro average of Goldbach numbers
Authors: Languasco Alessandro , Zaccagnini Alessandro 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Let Λ be the von Mangoldt function and

r
G

(
n
)

=

∑

m
1

+

m
2

=
n

Λ

(

m
1

)

Λ

(

m
2

)

$
{r_G(n) = \sum _{m_1 + m_2 = n} \Lambda (m_1) \Lambda (m_2)}
$

be the counting function for the Goldbach numbers. Let N ≥ 2
be an integer. We prove that

∑

n
≤
N

r
G

(
n
)

(
1
-

n
N

)

k

Γ
(
k
+
1
)

=

N
2

Γ
(
k
+
3
)

-
2

∑
ρ

Γ
(
ρ
)

Γ
(
ρ
+
k
+
2
)

N

ρ
+
1

+

∑

ρ
1

∑

ρ
2

Γ

(

ρ
1

)

Γ

(

ρ
2

)

Γ
(

ρ
1

+

ρ
2

+
k
+
1
)

N

ρ
1

+

ρ
2

+

𝒪
k

(

N

1
/
2

)

,

$\sum _{n \le N} r_G(n) \frac{(1 - \frac{n}{N})^k}{\Gamma (k + 1)}
=
\frac{N^{2}}{\Gamma (k + 3)}
-
2
\sum _{\rho } \frac{\Gamma (\rho )}{\Gamma (\rho + k + 2)} N^{\rho +1}
+
\sum _{\rho _1} \sum _{\rho _2}
\frac{\Gamma (\rho _1) \Gamma (\rho _2)}{\Gamma (\rho _1 + \rho _2 + k + 1)}
N^{\rho _1 + \rho _2}
+
\mathcal {O}_{k}(N^{1/2}),
$

for k > 1, where ρ, with or without subscripts, runs over
the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function ζ(s).
Registration of scattered laser images and radiographs of small finger joints
Authors: Zabarylo Urszula , Grozdanovic Zarko , Backhaus Marina , Baczkowska Isabella , Minet Olaf 
Published: June 2013

AbstractImage processing methods for the registration of scattered light pictures and X-ray radiographs can improve the diagnostic yield of rheumatoid joints as compared to a separate interpretation of radiographs and optical images. The image fusion described uses thin plate spline interpolation techniques. This article also describes the image pre-processing techniques necessary to identify intrinsic landmarks that are a prerequisite for a point-based registration technique.