bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduktion der 137Cäsium-Aktivität in Wildschweinen durch Zusatz von Ammonium-Eisen-Hexacyanoferrat („Berliner Blau“) zum Kirrfutter
Authors: Reddemann J. , Schungel P. , Kienzle E. , Morfeld P. 
Published: October 2014

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Diese Replikationsstudie prüfte, ob unter Feldbedingungen die Kontamination von Wildschweinen mit 137Cäsium (137Cs) durch Zugabe von Ammonium-Eisen-Hexacyanoferrat (AFCF, „Berliner Blau“) zum ausgelegten Futter relevant verringert werden kann. Material und Methoden: Bei 285 Wildschweinen, die zwischen dem 01.11.2010 und dem 10.12.2011 während der Jagdsaison (November bis Mai) in sechs bayerischen Jagdrevieren erlegt worden waren, erfolgte eine Analyse der 137Cs-Aktivität. Von diesen Tieren stammten 35 aus zwei Revieren, in denen das ausgelegte Futter mit 1250 mg AFCF/kg Futter supplementiert worden war. Ergebnisse: Die Kontrolltiere wiesen eine durchschnittliche 137Cs-Aktivität von 522 Bq/kg Muskelfleisch auf. In direkten (univariablen) Gegenüberstellungen der zwei Versuchsreviere mit den vier Kontrollrevieren zeigte sich durch die Gabe von Berliner Blau eine mittlere Verminderung der 137Cs-Aktivität um –211 Bq/kg (p < 0,001). Nach Berücksichtigung potenzieller Störeinflüsse durch relevante Kovariablen (Alter, Gewicht, Geschlecht, Tötungsdatum, Revier) in multivariablen Modellen ergab sich eine Effektschätzung von –344 Bq/kg (p < 0,05). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Diese Replikationsstudie bestätigt den Befund einer in anderen Revieren durchgeführten Feldstudie von Kienzle et al. aus dem Jahr 2013.
Cigarette Smoking Among Adults With Mobility Impairments: A US Population-Based Survey
Authors: Borrelli Belinda , Busch Andrew , Dunsiger Shira 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. Smokers with mobility impairments have greater health risks than the general population. We report the prevalence of cigarette smoking and quit attempts among people with mobility impairments.Methods. We conducted an analysis of 13 308 adults (aged 21–85 years) with mobility impairments (special ambulatory equipment and difficulty walking 0.25 miles without equipment) responding to the National Health Interview Survey (2011).Results. Among 21- to 44-year-old adults with mobility impairments, 39.2% were smokers, compared with only 21.5% of adults without mobility impairments (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 2.52). Among 45- to 64-year-old adults with mobility impairments, 31.2% were smokers versus 20.7% without mobility impairments (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.68). Women aged 21 to 44 years with mobility impairments had the highest smoking prevalence (45.9%), exceeding same-aged women without mobility impairments(18.9%; OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.32, 4.97). Men with mobility impairments had greater smoking prevalence (24.1%) than women with mobility impairments (15.1%; P < .01). Smokers with mobility impairments were less likely to attempt quitting (19.9%) than smokers without mobility impairments (27.3%; P < .01).Conclusions. Smokers with mobility impairments should be targeted for cessation, particularly those who are younger and female.
Media Use, Sports Participation, and Well-Being in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional Findings From the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Booker Cara L. , Skew Alexandra J. , Kelly Yvonne J. , Sacker Amanda 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We investigated the relationship between selected types of screen-based media (SBM) use, total SBM use, sports participation, and markers of well-being. Methods. Data came from the youth panel (n = 4899) of Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study, conducted in 2009. Well-being was measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and markers of happiness in different life domains. Results. The majority of young people used multiple types of SBM for at least 1 hour per day; only 30% participated in sports every day. Overall, young people with heavy SBM use were less happy than moderate users and more likely to have socioemotional difficulties. Chatting on social networking Web sites and game console use were associated with higher odds of socioemotional problems. Higher total SBM use was associated with lower odds of happiness and higher odds of socioemotional difficulties. Greater participation in sports was associated with higher odds of happiness and lower odds of socioemotional difficulties. Conclusions. Further longitudinal research could inform future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and encourage healthy lifestyles among young people.
All Rural Places Are Not Created Equal: Revisiting the Rural Mortality Penalty in the United States
Authors: James Wesley L. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. I investigated mortality disparities between urban and rural areas by measuring disparities in urban US areas compared with 6 rural classifications, ranging from suburban to remote locales.Methods. Data from the Compressed Mortality File, National Center for Health Statistics, from 1968 to 2007, was used to calculate age-adjusted mortality rates for all rural and urban regions by year. Criteria measuring disparity between regions included excess deaths, annual rate of change in mortality, and proportion of excess deaths by population size. I used multivariable analysis to test for differences in determinants across regions.Results. The rural mortality penalty existed in all rural classifications, but the degree of disparity varied considerably. Rural–urban continuum code 6 was highly disadvantaged, and rural–urban continuum code 9 displayed a favorable mortality profile. Population, socioeconomic, and health care determinants of mortality varied across regions.Conclusions. A 2-decade long trend in mortality disparities existed in all rural classifications, but the penalty was not distributed evenly. This constitutes an important public health problem. Research should target the slow rates of improvement in mortality in the rural United States as an area of concern.
Case Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in American Indians and Alaska Natives With Diabetes: Results From the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart Demonstration Project
Authors: Moore Kelly , Jiang Luohua , Manson Spero M. , Beals Janette , Henderson William , Pratte Katherine , Acton Kelly J. , Roubideaux Yvette 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We evaluated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) with diabetes in the Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart (SDPI-HH) Demonstration Project. Methods. Multidisciplinary teams implemented an intensive case management intervention among 30 health care programs serving 138 tribes. The project recruited 3373 participants, with and without current CVD, between 2006 and 2009. We examined data collected at baseline and 1 year later to determine whether improvements occurred in CVD risk factors and in Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk scores, aspirin use, and smoking status. Results. A1c levels decreased an average of 0.2% (P < .001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased, with the largest significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (∆ = −5.29 mg/dL; P < .001). Average Framingham CHD risk scores also decreased significantly. Aspirin therapy increased significantly, and smoking decreased. Participants with more case management visits had significantly greater reductions in LDL cholesterol and A1c values. Conclusions. SDPI-HH successfully translated an intensive case management intervention. Creative retention strategies and an improved understanding of organizational challenges are needed for future Indian health translational efforts.
Relationship Between Diet and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Neil Adrienne , Quirk Shae E. , Housden Siobhan , Brennan Sharon L. , Williams Lana J. , Pasco Julie A. , Berk Michael , Jacka Felice N. 
Published: October 2014

We systematically reviewed 12 epidemiological studies to determine whether an association exists between diet quality and patterns and mental health in children and adolescents; 9 explored the relationship using diet as the exposure, and 3 used mental health as the exposure. We found evidence of a significant, cross-sectional relationship between unhealthy dietary patterns and poorer mental health in children and adolescents. We observed a consistent trend for the relationship between good-quality diet and better mental health and some evidence for the reverse. When including only the 7 studies deemed to be of high methodological quality, all but 1 of these trends remained. Findings highlight the potential importance of the relationship between dietary patterns or quality and mental health early in the life span.
Factors Influencing Parental Involvement Among Minors Seeking an Abortion: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hasselbacher Lee A. , Dekleva Anna , Tristan Sigrid , Gilliam Melissa L. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We explored factors that influenced whether minors involved or excluded a parent when seeking an abortion. Methods. In the summer of 2010, we conducted interviews with 30 minors who sought an abortion in a state that did not require parental involvement at the time. Interviews were coded and analyzed following the principles of the grounded theory method. Results. The majority of minors involved a parent. Commonly cited factors were close or supportive parental relationships, a sense that disclosure was inevitable, a need for practical assistance, and compelled disclosure. Motivations for not wanting to involve a parent, although some minors ultimately did, included preservation of the parent–daughter relationship, fear or detachment, and preservation of autonomy. Conclusions. Minors were motivated to involve parents and other adults who were engaged in their lives at the time of the pregnancy, particularly those who supported them in obtaining an abortion. Motivations to exclude a parent were often based on particular family circumstances or experiences that suggested that involvement would not be helpful, might be harmful, or might restrict a minor’s ability to obtain an abortion.
Beyond the Bridge: Evaluating a Novel Mental Health Program in the New York City Jail System
Authors: Glowa-Kollisch Sarah , Lim Sungwoo , Summers Cynthia , Cohen Louise , Selling Daniel , Venters Homer 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We evaluated Beyond the Bridge, a novel mental health program in the New York City jail system designed to provide residentially based cognitive behavioral therapy in jail mental observation units. Methods. We used propensity score matching and a dose–response analysis. Outcome measures included reduction in violent incidents and fights, reduction in uses of force by corrections officers, reduction in time spent on suicide watch and incidents of self-injurious behavior, and increased length of community survival. Results. There were significant reductions in all outcomes when we compared program participants (n = 218) with an earlier cohort of patients residing on the mental observation unit before programming began (n = 413). However, when we compared program participants with a cohort of other patients residing on the units at the same time but who chose not to participate (n = 267), only time spent on suicide watch unit (rate ratio [RR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 0.89) and recidivism (RR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.59,0.83) were significantly reduced. Conclusions. This evaluation and the model we piloted may provide useful information for other settings contemplating similar interventions.
Enhancing Condom Use Among Black Male Youths: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Crosby Richard A. , Charnigo Richard J. , Salazar Laura F. , Pasternak Ryan , Terrell Ivy W. , Ricks JaNelle , Smith Rachel V. , Taylor Stephanie N. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We tested the efficacy of a brief intervention to promote correct and consistent use of condoms among Black male youths attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in 3 southern US cities. Methods. In 2010 to 2012, we screened (n = 1102) and enrolled (n = 702) youths aged 15 to 23 years who identified as Black and reported recent (past 2 months) sexual activity and randomized them to a private, brief, interactive intervention (n = 349) or an attention-equivalent control condition (n = 353). Assessments occurred at baseline and 2 and 6 months after the intervention. Results. At 6 months, with adjustment for age and pretest nonequivalence of the outcome variable, an estimated odds ratio (EOR) of 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 2.49; P = .02) indicated efficacy for correct condom use. An adjusted generalized estimating equations model with both 2- and 6-month condom use variables produced an EOR of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.06, 2.08; P = .02). We did not observe significant effects on chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence. Conclusions. This brief intervention, delivered as part of STI clinical care, could help alleviate the disproportionate STI–HIV burden among young Black men.
The Effect of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status on Education and Health Outcomes for Children Living in Social Housing
Authors: Martens Patricia J. , Chateau Daniel G. , Burland Elaine M. J. , Finlayson Gregory S. , Smith Mark J. , Taylor Carole R. , Brownell Marni D. , Nickel Nathan C. , Katz Alan , Bolton James M. ,   the PATHS Equity Team
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We explored differences in health and education outcomes between children living in social housing and not, and effects of social housing’s neighborhood socioeconomic status.Methods. In this cohort study, we used the population-based repository of administrative data at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. We included children aged 0 to 19 years in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in fiscal years 2006–2007 to 2008–2009 (n = 13 238 social housing; n = 174 017 others). We examined 5 outcomes: age-2 complete immunization, a school-readiness measure, adolescent pregnancy (ages 15–19 years), grade-9 completion, and high-school completion. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equation modeling generated rates. We derived neighborhood income quintiles (Q1 lowest, Q5 highest) from average household income census data.Results. Children in social housing fared worse than comparative children within each neighborhood income quintile. When we compared children in social housing by quintile, preschool indicators (immunization and school readiness) were similar, but adolescent outcomes (grade-9 and high-school completion, adolescent pregnancy) were better in Q3 to Q5.Conclusions. Children in social housing had poorer health and education outcomes than all others, but living in social housing in wealthier areas was associated with better adolescent outcomes.
Race/Ethnicity, Residential Segregation, and Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Jones Miranda R. , Diez-Roux Ana V. , Hajat Anjum , Kershaw Kiarri N. , O’Neill Marie S. , Guallar Eliseo , Post Wendy S. , Kaufman Joel D. , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We described the associations of ambient air pollution exposure with race/ethnicity and racial residential segregation.Methods. We studied 5921 White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults across 6 US cities between 2000 and 2002. Household-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were estimated for 2000. Neighborhood racial composition and residential segregation were estimated using US census tract data for 2000.Results. Participants in neighborhoods with more than 60% Hispanic populations were exposed to 8% higher PM2.5and 31% higher NOXconcentrations compared with those in neighborhoods with less than 25% Hispanic populations. Participants in neighborhoods with more than 60% White populations were exposed to 5% lower PM2.5and 18% lower NOXconcentrations compared with those in neighborhoods with less than 25% of the population identifying as White. Neighborhoods with Whites underrepresented or with Hispanics overrepresented were exposed to higher PM2.5and NOXconcentrations. No differences were observed for other racial/ethnic groups.Conclusions. Living in majority White neighborhoods was associated with lower air pollution exposures, and living in majority Hispanic neighborhoods was associated with higher air pollution exposures. This new information highlighted the importance of measuring neighborhood-level segregation in the environmental justice literature.
Association of Age and Comorbidity on 2009 Influenza A Pandemic H1N1-Related Intensive Care Unit Stay in Massachusetts
Authors: Placzek Hilary E. D. , Madoff Lawrence C. 
Published: October 2014

Objectives. We compared comorbidity measures by age group and risk factors for influenza-like illness (ILI)–related intensive care unit (ICU) stay during the 2009 seasonal influenza and influenza A (pH1N1) pandemic. Methods. We identified all patients discharged from Massachusetts hospitals with ILI-related diagnoses between October 1, 2008, and April 25, 2009, and pH1N1–related diagnoses between April 26 and September 30, 2009. We calculated the Diagnostic Cost Group (DxCG) risk score as a measure of comorbidity. We used logistic regression predictive models to compare ICU stay predictors. Results. Mean DxCG scores were similar for pH1N1 and seasonal influenza time periods (0.69 and 0.70). Compared with those aged 45 to 64 years, patients younger than 5, 5 to 12, and 13 to 18 years had an increased risk of pH1N1-related ICU stay. Within the pH1N1 cohort, an asthma diagnosis was highly predictive of ICU admission among those younger than 5, 5 to 12, and 13 to 18 years, and pregnancy among those aged 26 to 44 years. Conclusion. High-risk groups, including children with asthma or pregnant women, would benefit from improved surveillance and resource allocation during influenza outbreaks to prevent serious ILI-related complications.
A Fracture Injection Test Design and Interpretation for the Determination of Reservoir Permeability
Authors: Guk Vyacheslav , Bychina Maria , Wolcott Don , Economides Michael J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Permeability is an existential property in oil and gas reservoir production. Its value becomes even more important for the design of hydraulic fractures, in very wide use in the industry. Optimization of fracture geometry depends greatly on the permeability value. Methodologies such as the Unified Fracture Design cannot be applied properly in the absence of a reliable value of permeability. Massive amounts of income ride on the optimum deployment of fractures.
While core and log-derived permeability values are often employed, they are usually unreliable and irrelevant to the forecast of well performance. Well-test-derived permeability is far superior but it suffers because of two reasons: 1) the well may not be flowing at all because of very small permeability and near-well damage and, 2) the test in an e.g., 0.1 md reservoir may require a week of duration, at least, just to reach infinite acting radial flow, whose appearance is necessary, for interpretation. The recent activity in shale formations has lowered the permeability values by orders of magnitude, towards nanodarcy (0.000001 md). This makes well tests even more unattainable.
We are proposing here an alternative approach, the use of a fracture injection test (Minifrac) whose pressure falloff interpretation can lead to the traditional Nolte analysis providing the leak-off coefficient and closure pressure. However, because the overwhelming majority of DFIT fluids in low permeability formations is water with little if any polymer, the viscosity controlled and filter cake controlled components of the leak-off coefficient are non-existent. This suggests that only the compressibility controlled leak-off component dominates. This leak-off coefficient is directly proportional to the square root of reservoir permeability, whose calculation becomes readily available. In some ways what the energy of the minifrac does is to shock the formation, forcing back a rapid response, one that a well test cannot.
Application of the technique to dozens of wells has led to very realistic permeability values which subsequently were corroborated by production data analysis. The technology and approach presented here can fill a major gap in proper fracture design and reservoir exploitation.
Wavelet Frequency Analysis of Long-term Transient Pressure from Permanent Down-Hole Gauges (PDG) for the Real-Time Reservoir Monitoring
Authors: Wang Fuyong , Zheng Shiyi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper describes a new method of analyzing long-term Permanent Down-hole Gauge (PDG) data for real-time reservoir monitoring. The wavelet frequency analysis approach developed can identify dynamic changes in reservoir properties and well conditions from PDG data.
PDG is the down-hole measuring device installed during the well completion, and can provide continuous pressure, temperature and sometimes flow rate data. The real-time and long-term down-hole mentoring has been proved to be cost-effective through field applications.
Analyzing the large quantity PDG pressure data and converting the data to economic value is challenging. Different from short time traditional well test, the long-term PDG pressure data records the dynamic change in reservoir properties and well condition with time, such as permeability and skin change due to formation damage, water breakthrough and gas out of solution. Diagnosing these dynamic changes and making immediate responses is the key for reservoir monitoring.
Wavelet transform has been successfully applied in PDG data processing, such as data denoising, outlier removal and transient identification. This paper uses wavelet transform to reveal reservoir information by analyzing PDG transient pressure in frequency domain. Small rate change can lead to small transient pressure change and small frequency amplitude in frequency domain. For large rate change, the corresponding pressure change will cause large frequency amplitude. As studied, for the reservoir with constant properties, the frequency amplitude caused by unit rate change is constant with time. When there are properties changes, such as skin and permeability change, the frequency amplitude caused by unit rate change will change with time. According to this, a key diagnostic function has been developed and the dynamic changes in reservoir properties can be clearly identified.
Synthetic cases and real field PDG data have been used to demonstrate that wavelet frequency analysis method can clearly identify the changes in reservoir properties, and realize the potential of PDG to provide more reservoir information. In detail, the significance of this method is shown as follows: 1) this method can identify production events and benefit production monitoring; 2) this method can identify nonlinearities caused by variable reservoir properties to reduce the uncertainties of pressure-transient analysis (for example, deconvolution only can be used in linear systems); 3) this method can identify time-dependent reservoir properties and provide guidelines for reservoir model (near wellbore model) update.