bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Surface Quality of Face Milled Aluminium Alloy Using a Multiple Regression Model and Numerical Optimization
Authors: Simunovic K. , Simunovic G. , Saric T. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The surface roughness is a very significant indicator of surface quality. It represents an essential exploitation requirement and influences technological time and costs, i.e. productivity. For that reason, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of face milling cutting parameters (number of revolution, feed rate and depth of cut) on the surface roughness of aluminium alloy. Hence, a statistical (regression) model has been developed to predict the surface roughness by using the methodology of experimental design. Central composite design is chosen for fitting response surface. Also, numerical optimization considering two goals simultaneously (minimum propagation of error and minimum roughness) was performed throughout the experimental region. In this way, the settings of cutting parameters causing the minimum variability in response were determined for the estimated variations of the significant regression factors.
Identification of three anatomical patterns of the spinal accessory nerve in the neck by neurophysiological mapping
Authors: Lanisnik Bostjan , Zargi Miha , Rodi Zoran 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background. In spite of preservation of the accessory nerve there is still considerable proportion of patients with partial nerve damage during modified radical neck dissection (MRND).
Methods. The nerve was identified during the surgery and its branches for the trapezius muscle mapped with nerve monitor.
Results. The accessory nerve was mapped during 74 hemineck dissections and three patterns were identified. In type 1 nerve exits at the posterior end of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCm) and then it enters the level V (66%). In type 2 the nerve for trapezius muscle branches off before entering the SCm (22%). In type 3 the nerve exits at the posterior part of the SCm and it joins to the cervical plexus (12%). The nerve than exits this junction more medially as a single trapezius branch.
Conclusions. The description of three anatomical patterns in level II and V could help preserving the trapezius branch during MRND.
Population history of the two carnivorous plants Drosera peltata var. nipponica and Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) in Korea
Authors: Chung Mi Yoon , López‐Pujol Jordi , Chung Myong Gi 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Drosera peltata var. nipponica, an element of the East Asia warm‐temperate vegetation, and D. rotundifolia, a widely distributed boreal species, reach one of their northernmost and southernmost limits, respectively, on the Korean Peninsula. Because the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)‐Holocene dynamics of warm‐temperate and boreal paleovegetation differed considerably on the Peninsula, the population history of these two sundews is expected to be different, leaving differential imprints in their genetic structure.• Methods: We investigated population genetic structure of D. peltata var. nipponica and D. rotundifolia in South Korea (10 populations of each for 20 allozyme loci) to infer their population history in this region. In addition, we compared the genetic variation harbored in the two sundews to those reported for other carnivorous and wetland plants.• Key results: Drosera peltata var. nipponica showed no genetic diversity, whereas D. rotundifolia exhibited extremely low within‐population variation (He = 0.005) and considerable among‐population divergence (FST = 0.817).• Conclusions: Our results suggest that extant populations of D. peltata var. nipponica likely originated from a single ancestral population from southern Japan or southern China through postglacial dispersal. On the contrary, D. rotundifolia probably survived the LGM in situ, with extant populations derived from either one or several small source populations. We argue that separate conservation strategies should be employed, given that the two taxa have different ecological and demographic traits and harbor different levels of genetic diversity.
Understanding mechanisms of rarity in pteridophytes: Competition and climate change threaten the rare fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum (Aspleniaceae)
Authors: Testo Weston L. , Watkins James E. 
Published: November 2013

• Premise of the study: Understanding the ecology of rare species can inform aspects of conservation strategies; however, the mechanisms of rarity remain elusive for most pteridophytes, which possess independent and ecologically distinct gametophyte and sporophyte generations. To elucidate factors contributing to recent declines of the rare fern Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum, we studied the ecology and ecophysiology of its gametophyte generation, focusing on responses to competition, temperature, and water stress.• Methods: Gametophytes of A. scolopendrium var. americanum, its widespread European relative A. scolopendrium var. scolopendrium, and five co‐occurring fern species were grown from spores. Gametophytes were grown at 20°C and 25°C, and germination rates, intra‐ and interspecific competition, desiccation tolerance, and sporophyte production were determined for all species.• Key results: Gametophytes of A. scolopendrium var. americanum had the lowest rates of germination and sporophyte production among all species studied and exhibited the greatest sensitivity to interspecific competition, temperature increases, and desiccation. Mature gametophytes of A. scolopendrium var. americanum grown at 25°C were 84.6% smaller than those grown at 20°C, and only 1.5% produced sporophytes after 200 d in culture. Similar responses were not observed in other species studied.• Conclusions: The recent declines and current status of populations of A. scolopendrium var. americanum are linked to its gametophyte's limited capacity to tolerate competition and physiological stress linked to climate change. This is the first study to develop a mechanistic understanding of rarity and decline in a fern and demonstrates the importance of considering the ecology of the gametophyte in plants with independent sporophyte and gametophyte generations.
Peritoneal Ultrafiltration in Refractory Heart Failure: A Cohort Study
Authors: Bertoli Silvio V. , Musetti Claudio , Ciurlino Daniele , Basile Carlo , Galli Emilio , Gambaro Giovanni , Iadarola Gianmaria , Guastoni Carlo , Carlini Antonio , Fasciolo Federica , Borzumati Maurizio , Gallieni Maurizio , Stefania Farina 
Published: November 2013

Introduction Acutely decompensated heart failure (HF) in patients with diuretic resistance is often treated with extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Peritoneal ultrafiltration (PUF) has been proposed for the long-term management of severe HF after resolution of the acute episode. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of PUF in the treatment of chronic refractory HF in patients without end-stage renal disease. Methods This multicenter (10 nephrology departments throughout Italy) retrospective observational study included patients with severe HF refractory to maximized drug treatment. The patients were proposed for PUF because they had experienced at least 3 hospital admissions in the preceding year for acutely decompensated HF requiring extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Results Of the 48 study patients (39 men, 9 women; mean age 74 ± 9 years), 30 received 1 nocturnal icodextrin exchange, 5 required 2 daily exchanges, and 13 received 2 – 4 sessions per week of automated peritoneal dialysis. During the first year, renal function remained stable (initial: 20.8 ± 10.0 mL/min/1.73 m2; end: 22.0 ± 13.6 mL/min/1.73 m2), while pulmonary artery systolic pressure declined to 40 ± 6.09 mmHg from 45.5 ± 9.18 mmHg ( p = 0.03), with a significant concomitant improvement in New York Heart Association functional status. Hospitalizations decreased to 11 ± 17 days/patient–year from 43 ± 33 days/ patient–year before the start of PUF ( p < 0.001). The incidence of peritonitis was 1 episode in 45 patient–months. Patient survival was 85% at 1 year and 56% at 2 years. Conclusions This study confirms the satisfactory results of using PUF for chronic HF in elderly patients.
Hand Hygiene in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Comparison of Two Techniques
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Elizabeth , de Siqueira Soraia Lemos , Poli-de-Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo , d'Avila Domingos O. 
Published: November 2013

Introduction and Objectives Hand hygiene is essential for preventing peritoneal dialysis (PD)–related infections. The present study compared the effectiveness of two hygiene techniques in reducing the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on the hands of patients undergoing PD. Methods In this controlled clinical trial, 22 participants enrolled in the same PD program underwent a two-hand evaluation for microbiologic flora. Participants participated in two treatments: a) simple hand hygiene plus antiseptic hand hygiene, in which the patients washed their hands with water and glycerin soap for 1 minute and then rubbed and dried their hands with 70% ethyl alcohol gel; and b) antiseptic hand hygiene, in which the patients rubbed their hands with 70% ethyl alcohol gel until fully dry. To sample distal finger surfaces, we asked the participants to touch sheep blood agar plates directly. Results The CFU count for both hands was significantly higher in the regular hygiene group than in the gel-only group [69.0 (16.0 – 101.0) CFU vs 9.0 (2.2 – 55.5) CFU, p < 0.010]. Growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus colonies was significantly higher in right-hand cultures from the regular hygiene group than in those from the gel-only group [69.5 (26.25 – 101.0) CFU vs 9.5 (1.0 – 41.7) CFU; p < 0.050]. Conclusions Among patients undergoing PD, using 70% ethyl alcohol gel to cleanse the hands may be more effective than following the regular hygiene recommendations in reducing bacterial populations.
Le tourisme durable : les sept clés du succès
Authors: François-Lecompte Agnès , Prim-Allaz Isabelle , Durif Fabien 
Published: November 2013

Le tourisme durable est un phénomène en pleine croissance qui ne touche plus seulement des destinations lointaines, mais également les pays industrialisés qui offrent de plus en plus d’activités touristiques dites durables. Si le développement durable fait partie depuis 2005 de la politique générale de Tourisme Québec, l’offre des acteurs touristiques est isolée, insuffisamment répertoriée et positionnée avec imprécision sur le plan du marketing. Quelle expérience touristique durable souhaite vivre le consommateur ? Quels sont les leviers d’adoption de ces nouvelles pratiques ? Comment mettre au point une offre répondant aux besoins des consommateurs ? Comment réussir dans ce secteur ? À partir d’analyses de la situation en France et au Québec, les auteurs proposent sept clés de succès pour élaborer une offre efficace d’activités touristiques durables.
Classification of Integral Modular Categories of Frobenius–Perron Dimension pq4 and p2q2
Authors: Bruillard Paul , Galindo Cásar , Hong Seung-Moon , Kashina Yevgenia , Naidu Deepak , Natale Sonia , Yael Plavnik Julia , Rowell Eric C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe classify integral modular categories of dimension pq4 and p2q2, where p and q are distinct primes. We show that such categories are always group-theoretical, except for categories of dimension 4q2. In these cases there are well-known examples of non-group-theoretical categories, coming from centers of Tambara–Yamagami categories and quantum groups. We show that a non-grouptheoretical integral modular category of dimension 4q2 is either equivalent to one of these well-known examples or is of dimension 36 and is twist-equivalent to fusion categories arising froma certain quantum group.
Improvisation as Democratic Virtue A Deweyan Possibility for African American Religion and Ethics
Authors: Morris Daniel A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This article explores the reception of John Dewey's philosophical pragmatism by scholars in African American religion and ethics and argues that Dewey's usefulness in these disciplines has not yet run dry. Cornel West and Eddie S. Glaude Jr. have drawn on Dewey's work to inform their scholarship on black religion. In response to Glaude's account of “post-soul politics” (by which he means the contemporary political struggle for racial justice, which is frustrated by excessive deference to the civil rights and black power movements), I suggest that cultivating a virtue of improvisation can facilitate democratic progress. Drawing on Dewey and Ralph Ellison to imagine such a virtue, I argue that improvisation could help democratic moral agents respond well to contemporary crises such as the mass incarceration of black men. I conclude that resources are available in black communities for democratic Christians to use in the struggle against racial injustice.
“The Wisdom of Gracious Acceptance” Okinawa, Mass Suicide, and the Cultural Work ofTeahouse of the August Moon
Authors: Glassmeyer Danielle 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article examines the trajectory of the story of the Battle of Okinawa to ponder the ethical dimensions of remembering, or failing to remember, mass trauma. Little has been written about the battle's impact on Okinawa's civilian population. Instead, the story of the deaths of as many as one-third of the pre-battle population, including many dead by mass suicide, has disappeared from popular consciousness and been supplanted by the iconic story of the Okinawa occupation: Teahouse of the August Moon. In this article, I review the battle then examine contemporary magazine coverage; in addition, I analyze the novel and film versions of Teahouse to show the rapidity with which the original story was subsumed to a spectacle that neutralized the traumatic story. Arguing that this disappearance of the Okinawa story via the Teahouse texts fits Kalí Tal's theory of “codification” of stories of cultural trauma, I ask readers to consider the ethical cost of such codification.
The Islamist Venture of the Politicization of Islam to an Ideology of Islamism A Critique of the Dominating Narrative in Western Islamic Studies
Authors: Tibi Bassam 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article operates on the distinction between Islamism and Islam and asks questions about how this is handled in Western studies. Islam is a religion and a civilization that deserves respect, while Islamism is a political ideology to be subjected to critical inquiry. The article is based on the enlightened Muslim thought that dissociates Islamic faith from its use as a legitimation in politics. The article shares also the dismissal of orientalism and Islamophobia, but it is critical of the instrumental use of both to silence criticism, as well as their reversal into the other extreme of an orientalism in reverse (Islamophilia). I argue that the prevailing analysis in Western scholarship on Islam not only ignores the distinction between Islamism and Islam but also falls into the trap of this reversal. The article discusses Islamism and Islamist movements that succeeded in hijacking the Arab Spring in the pursuit of a shariʿa state. The prevailing narrative not only fails to understand the Islamist shariʿatization of Islam, but also that Islamist shariʿa is neither Qur'anic shariʿa, nor classical shariʿa. I conclude with the presentation of Islamology and enlightened Muslim thought as alternative approaches for the study of Islamism, pleading for freedom of speech in this field of study.
Les défis du droit suisse de l’insolvabilité face au trust : séparation des patrimoines, publicité et poursuite pour dettes
Authors: Peyrot Aude 
Published: November 2013

Cet article examine trois des défis qui se sont posés au droit suisse au moment de ratifier la Convention de La Haye du 1er juillet 1985 sur la loi applicable au trust et à sa reconnaissance. Il explore d’abord la façon dont la Suisse a appréhendé l’effet de ring-fencing inhérent au trust, lequel contrarie directement le principe civiliste cardinal de l’unité du patrimoine. Il examine ensuite le rapport qu’entretient cet effet de ring-fencing avec le principe de publicité, tel que mis en oeuvre par les registres publics suisses. Il traite enfin de la façon dont la Suisse a traduit les différents régimes de responsabilité pour dettes prévalant en matière de trusts dans son droit de l’exécution forcée.
L’article montre aussi que la Suisse a su relever les défis posés par le trust et s’adapter à une institution étrangère qui lui paraissait à l’origine incompatible. Certaines des solutions adoptées sont toutefois en rupture avec la logique du trust, voire avec la logique du droit suisse. L’article conclut au fait que la réception du trust de common law par les traditions juridiques civilistes ne présente pas uniquement un risque de dénaturation du droit civil, mais aussi — et de façon plus inattendue — un risque de dénaturation du trust lui-même.
Brief Communication: Orphaned male Chimpanzees die young even after weaning
Authors: Nakamura Michio , Hayaki Hitoshige , Hosaka Kazuhiko , Itoh Noriko , Zamma Koichiro 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIf a social‐living animal has a long life span, permitting different generations to co‐exist within a social group, as is the case in many primate species, it can be beneficial for a parent to continue to support its weaned offspring to increase the latter's survival and/or reproductive success. Chimpanzees have an even longer period of dependence on their mothers' milk than do humans, and consequently, offspring younger than 4.5–5 years old cannot survive if the mother dies. Most direct maternal investments, such as maternal transportation of infants and sharing of night shelters (beds or nests), end with nutritional weaning. Thus, it had been assumed that a mother's death was no longer critical to the survival of weaned offspring, in contrast to human children, who continue to depend on parental care long after weaning. However, in theory at least, maternal investment in a chimpanzee son after weaning could be beneficial because in chimpanzees' male‐philopatric society, mother and son co‐exist for a long time after the offspring's weaning. Using long‐term demographic data for a wild chimpanzee population in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, we show the first empirical evidence that orphaned chimpanzee sons die younger than expected even if they lose their mothers after weaning. This suggests that long‐lasting, but indirect, maternal investment in sons continues several years after weaning and is vital to the survival of the sons. The maternal influence on males in the male‐philopatric societies of hominids may be greater than previously believed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 153:139–143, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amphiphilic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(l‐lysine) copolymers with porphyrin core: Synthesis, self‐assembly, and cell viability assay
Authors: Jia Menghong , Ren Tianbin , Wang An , Yuan Weizhong , Ren Jie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStar‐shaped copolymers poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐bolck‐poly(ε‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐l‐lysine) (SPPCL‐b‐PZLLs) with porphyrin core were synthesized by a sequential ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of CL and Nε‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐l‐lysine N‐Carboxyanhydride. After the deprotection of benzyloxycarbonyl groups in polylysine blocks, the star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymers SPPCL‐b‐PLLs were obtained. These amphiphilic copolymers can self‐assemble into micelles or aggregates in aqueous solution. Investigation shows that the morphology of micelles/aggregates varied according to the change of pH values of media, indicating the pH‐responsive property of SPPCL‐b‐PLL copolymers. Furthermore, associated with conjugated porphyrin cores, the SPPCL‐b‐PLL copolymers micelles showed a certain degree of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) effects on tumor cells, suggesting its potential application as carrier for hydrophobic drug with additional therapeutic ability of inherent porphyrin segments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40097.
Novel membranes based on poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) and sulfonated polysulfone for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Sinirlioglu Deniz , Celik Sevim Unugur , Muftuoglu Ali Ekrem , Bozkurt Ayhan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)s are increasingly regarded as promising environmentally benign power sources. Heterocyclic molecules are commonly used in the proton conducting membranes as dopant or polymer side group due to their high proton transfer ability. In this study, 5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole monomer, prepared by the reaction of methacryloyl chloride with 5‐aminotetrazole, was polymerized via conventional free radical mechanism to achieve poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) homopolymer. Novel composite membranes, SPSU‐PMTetX, were successfully produced by incorporating sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) into poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) (PMTet). The sulfonation of polysulfone was performed with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate and high degree of sulfonation (140%) was obtained. The homopolymers and composite membranes have been characterized by NMR, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 1H‐NMR and FTIR confirmed the sulfonation of PSU and the ionic interaction between sulfonic acid and poly(5‐(methacrylamido)tetrazole) units. TGA showed that the polymer electrolyte membranes are thermally stable up to ∼190°C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated the homogeneity of the membranes. This result was also supported by the appearance of a single Tg in the DSC curves of the blends. Water uptake and proton conductivity measurements were, as well, carried out. Methanol permeability measurements showed that the composite membranes have similar methanol permeability values with Nafion 112. The maximum proton conductivity of anhydrous SPSU‐PMTet0.5 at 150°C was determined as 2.2 × 10−6 S cm−1 while in humidified conditions at 20°C a value of 6 × 10−3 S cm−1 was found for SPSU‐PMTet2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40107.
Loving All Your Neighbors: Why Community Colleges Need the Academic Study of Religion
Authors: Maley Melissa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis chapter explains how the study of world religions prepares the community college student to become a better citizen, worker, and neighbor. The effective middle between the pitfalls of religious relativism and religious dominance in a world religions classroom is central to this discussion of teaching critical thinking, empathy, and cross‐cultural communication.
How Interdisciplinary Liberal Arts Programs Prepare Students for the Workforce and for Life
Authors: Nutting Maureen Murphy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough science, technology, engineering, math (STEM) and vocational training programs are presented as today's community college students' gateway to entry‐level positions in the workforce, liberal arts instruction plays a critical role in their training, by providing these students the skills that many employers require and that make them competitive workers, ready to live full lives. These are the requisite skills, and this chapter describes some of the ways certain liberal arts programs help community college students develop and refine them.