bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of maternal prevention on children's dental decay and need for restorative treatment
Authors: Laitala Marja L. , Alanen Pentti , Isokangas Pauli , Söderling Eva , Pienihäkkinen Kaisu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesIn a Finnish study carried out in 1990s, high‐caries‐risk mothers used xylitol gum on daily basis when their child was 3–24‐month old, whereas the high‐risk control mothers received biannual fluoride or chlorhexidine treatments. The maternal prevention reduced colonization of mutans streptococci and early childhood caries in children. The present retrospective study aimed to extend the post‐trial follow‐up to 10‐year‐old children (n = 148). Additionally, the dental health of these high‐caries‐risk children was compared with a reference group comprising the rest of the children in the same age cohort (n = 359).MethodsThe annual data on dental health and treatments were gathered from public dental care registers.ResultsThe median caries‐free age (dmft = 0 and DMFT = 0) was 8.2 in the xylitol, 5.8 in the control, and 8.1 in the reference group (xylitol versus control, P = 0.005, HR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.18–2.60, reference versus xylitol, P = 0.410, HR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.84–1.51 Cox regression). Thus, the children in the xylitol group had caries‐free teeth longer than the control group. Compared to the reference group, the xylitol group did not show notable difference. Up to 4 years of age, figures for cumulative restorative treatment visits were 0.2 in the xylitol, 0.7 in the control, and 0.4 in the reference group (xylitol versus control P = 0.006, Student's t‐test).ConclusionsThe reduced mother–child transmission of mutans streptococci seems to have long‐term effects on children's dental health. The maternal use of xylitol reduces caries occurrence and need for restorative treatment in assumed high‐caries‐risk children to the average level of the whole age cohort.
Nursery sources and cohort strength of young‐of‐the‐year common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under differing flow regimes in a regulated floodplain river
Authors: Macdonald Jed I. , Crook David A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOtolith chemistry and standardised catch data were used to identify key nursery sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the mid‐Murray River region, south‐east Australia, and to quantify annual young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) cohort strength under varying hydrological conditions across 4 years (2005/2006–2008/2009). Analysis of trace element concentrations (i.e., Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca) near the otolith core of post‐larval carp (< 1 month of age) resulted in moderate to very high spatial discrimination of nursery sources within years. Otolith elemental concentrations were not stable across years at all nurseries, necessitating resampling of post‐larvae each spawning season to characterise nursery sources. Annual electrofishing surveys detected a strong cohort of YOY carp (4–6 months of age) in 2006, following a period of natural and artificially augmented high flows in the Murray River main channel and tributaries and extended floodplain inundation in the Barmah‐Millewa Forest (BMF). Few YOY were captured in 2007, 2008 or 2009 – years characterised by low flow conditions in the region and no floodplain inundation in BMF. Maximum likelihood estimation of nursery origins indicated that the BMF was the primary source for YOY fish captured from main channel (Torrumbarry Weir) and tributary (lower Goulburn River) sites in 2006, with the lower Goulburn River making a smaller contribution to the YOY cohort. These results demonstrate the importance of hydrology in determining spatial and temporal patterns of carp recruitment in regulated rivers and highlight the need to consider such factors when attempting to optimise ecological outcomes from environmental flow delivery.
Smart shoppers? Using QR codes and ‘green’ smartphone apps to mobilize sustainable consumption in the retail environment
Authors: Atkinson Lucy 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSmartphone‐based mobile advertising is a promising marketing vehicle, especially in retail and point‐of‐purchase environments, yet we still do not know enough about what motivates consumers to turn to mobile advertising. This is particularly true of new forms of mobile advertising, like quick response (QR) codes, which rely on pull‐based approaches, rather than push‐style advertising. The study clarifies this omission by exploring various antecedents that encourage consumer use of mobile advertising. Relying on the uses and gratifications approach as a theoretical framework, this study tests three antecedents of new media adoption: institutional trust, involvement and market mavenism. Data are drawn from a representative sample of 401 American adults and their willingness to use QR codes in shopping environments within the context of purchasing sustainable products. The data were analysed using ordinary least squares regression. Results indicate government trust, buycotting and market mavenism are positively related to consumers' willingness to use mobile phone‐based QR code advertising whereas corporate trust is negatively related. The results offer important theoretical and managerial implications: first, there is a need to include broader institutional trust variables in the uses and gratifications framework of new media use; second, QR code content should be carefully crafted to provide meaningful, usable information for involved consumers; and third, market mavens' tendency to share information should be harnessed by providing QR code content that is relevant, interesting and easily passed on to other consumers.
The impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections in young children: Slovenia, 2006–2011
Authors: Učakar Veronika , Sočan Maja , Trilar Katarina Prosenc 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundInfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) are important viral pathogens in childhood.ObjectivesOur aim was to estimate the effect of influenza and RSV on excess hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in children aged ≤5.MethodsRetrospective, population‐based study was performed for five seasons (2006–2011). Slovenian national hospital discharge data and surveillance data were used to estimate the effect of influenza and/or RSV on ALRTI hospitalizations (acute bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and acute bronchitis) using rate difference method.ResultsAn excess was observed in average weekly ALRTI hospitalizations per 100 000 among children aged ≤5 in all five seasons during influenza and/or RSV active period. During three seasons, there was higher excess in ALRTI hospitalizations in the period when influenza/RSV cocirculated compared with the RSV period. In pandemic season (2009/2010), the only one without influenza/RSV overlap, excess hospitalization was higher in RSV period. The highest excess of hospitalizations was found among the youngest children (0‐5 months old). In all five seasons, acute bronchiolitis was the most common ALRTI recorded in hospitalized young children.ConclusionsRespiratory syncytial viruses was leading viral pathogen associated with ALRTI hospitalizations in children aged ≤5. The cocirculation of influenza virus increased the burden of ALRTI hospitalizations especially in seasons with A(H3) predominance.
Derrida en Corse? Hospitality as scale‐free abstraction
Authors: CANDEA MATEI 
Published: June 2013

A few years after the French press resonated with the immigration debates which inspired Derrida's influential thoughts on hospitality, the paradoxes of hospitality once again gripped the French public imagination, this time in relation to sanctuary given to a suspected murderer on the island of Corsica. This paper traces Corsican hospitality, in its various ethnographic, media, and philosophical/literary incarnations. Through a careful ethnographic account of the material‐semiotic moves which enable events on one scale to have effects and significance on another, the paper argues that analytical or philosophical uses of hospitality as a scale‐free abstraction should be treated with caution.RésuméIl y a quelques années, la presse française s'est faite la chambre d'écho d'un débat sur l'immigration qui inspira à Derrida des idées influentes sur l'hospitalité. Les paradoxes de l'hospitalité s'emparent à nouveau de l'imaginaire public français aujourd'hui, à cause cette fois du refuge qu'un homme soupçonné de meurtre a pu trouver en Corse. L'auteur retrace ici l'hospitalité corse sous ses différentes incarnations ethnographiques, médiatiques, et philosophiques ou littéraires. Par un compte‐rendu ethnographique scrupuleux des déplacements matériels et sémiotiques qui permettent aux événements à une échelle d'avoir un effet et une signification à une autre échelle, il recommande de se méfier des usages analytiques ou philosophiques de l'hospitalité considérée comme une abstraction dépourvue d'échelle.
Composite Indicator of Financial Development in a Benefit‐of‐Doubt Approach
Authors: GIAMBONA FRANCESCA , VASSALLO ERASMO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe use data by the World Economic Forum (WEF) to build a Composite Financial Development Index (CFDI) alternative to the WEF financial index. Unlike the WEF index, the CFDI optimally combines seven dimensions with non‐fixed weights determined endogenously without recourse to subjective opinions of experts. The CFDI is obtained by applying a Data Envelopment Analysis linear programming model with proportion restrictions on weights calculated in a Benefit‐of‐Doubt approach. In this way, the CFDI scores allow us to group 60 countries by different levels of financial development identifying dimensions that contribute to good or poor financial performances, taking into account the different characteristics of the financial systems in the countries under investigation.
Eyelid Anatomy
Authors: DAILEY ROGER A. , WOBIG JOHN L. 
Published: June 2013

background
. The following anatomic information concerning the complex structure of the eyelids is distilled from gross and histologic study as well as surgical experience.
objective
. Our aim is to familiarize the reader with eyelid anatomy.
conclusion
. Appropriate shape, contour, height and mobility of the lids are essential to adequate protection and function of the eyes as well as overall appearance. A thorough understanding of eyelid anatomy is therefore necessary to achieve optimal surgical results. For the purpose of this discussion the eyelids can be divided into the following structural planes: 1) skin and subcutaneous tissue; 2) orbicularis muscle and submuscular fibroadipose layer; 3) orbital septum; 4) preaponeurotic fat; 5) eyelid retractors; and 6) the tarsi and conjunctiva. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1023–1027.
Electrical Stimulation to Heal Dermal Wounds
Authors: GENTZKOW GARY D. 
Published: June 2013

background. Numerous human and animal efficacy studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the correct charge, density and total energy causes dramatically improved healing of dermal wounds. The investigations of biological actions (in vitro, animal, and human) demonstrate several effects that go a long way to explaining why electrical stimulation works.objective. To discuss recent research and advances in electrical stimulation of wound healing.results. Based on the latest scientific understanding of the wound healing process, one would expect a beneficial outcome from a therapy what decreases edema, debrides necrotic tissue, attracts neutrophils and macrophages, stimulates receptor sites for growth factors, stimulates growth of fibroblasts and granulation tissue, increases blood flow, stimulates neurite growth, induces epidermal cell migration, prevents post‐ischemic oxygen radical‐mediated damage, inhibits bacteria, and reduces numbers of mast cells.conclusion. Taken together, the efficacy studies and the “mechanism of action” studies provide compelling, scientific evidence that electrical stimulation is safe and effective for promoting the healing of dermal wounds.
Comparison of the Argon Tunable Dye Laser with the Flashlamp Pulsed Dye Laser in Treatment of Facial Telangiectasia
Authors: BROSKA PAMELA , MARTINHO ELENA , GOODMAN MATTHEW M. 
Published: June 2013

background. A prospective, side‐by‐side comparison study of the argon tunable dye laser(ATDL) and the flashlamp pulsed dye laser (FPDL) for the treatment of solar‐induced telangiectasia was carried out in 14 patients with symmetrical bilateral cheek telangiectasias.objective. The objective was to compare the efficacy of treatment by the two lasers.methods. Patients were treated and examined at weeks 2, 4, and 6. Evaluation was done by direct Observation and questionnaire, as well as by Photographie slides projected to an impartial panel.results. Final evaluation at week 6 showed 11 of 14 patients with excellent results at sites treated with the FPDL, compared with four of 14 with the ATDL. However, only six of 13 patients preferred the FPDL, due to the purpura and postinflammatory hyerpigmentation.conclusion. We conclude that the objective final results favor the FPDL over the ATDL for treatment of facial telangiectasia, but that the ATDL is still an important Option for patient acceptance.
Pain of Injection and Duration of Anesthesia for Intradermal Infiltration of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Etidocaine
Authors: HOWE NATHAN R. , WILLIAMS JOHN M. 
Published: June 2013

background. Bupivacaine and etidocaine are local anesthetics said to be long acting based on nerve block data. There are insufficient data on pain of infiltration and duration of anesthesia when either is used for dermal infiltration to assess suitability for skin surgery.objective. We conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded comparison of intradermal 1 % etidocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 2% lidocaine for pain of injection and duration of anesthesia.methods. Twenty subjects received the above three agents plus normal saline, each with and without epinephrine 1:200,000, with all solutions adjusted to pH 5.95 ± 0.15.results. Lidocaine hurt least and etidocaine hurt most. Adrenalized solutions were more painful than plain. For plain solutions bupivacaine lasted longest and lidocaine lasted shortest by far. For adrenalized solutions bupivacaine lasted 27% longer than lidocaine and 45% longer than etidocaine.conclusion. Where epinephrine is contraindicated and long anesthesia matters, use plain bupivacaine. When epinephrine can be used, lidocaine lasts almost as long as bupivacaine and hurts less.
Q‐switched Ruby Laser Treatment of Labial Lentigines in Peutz‐Jeghers Syndrome
Authors: DePADOVA‐ELDER SANDRA M. , MILGRAUM SANDY S. 
Published: June 2013

background. The Q‐switched ruby laser emits energy with a 694‐nm wavelength and has a pulse duration in the nanosecond range, which allows selective treatment of benign pigmented lesions. Labial and perioral pigmented macules associated with Peutz‐Jeghers Syndrome are often numerous and cosmetically disfiguring.results/conclusion. We report successful treatment of these lentigines with the Q‐switched ruby laser and consider it the treatment of choice for these lesions.
Towards a Measure of Core Inflation using Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Ruch Franz , Bester Dirk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper constructs a number of possible core measures of inflation using singular spectrum analysis (SSA). Annual changes in monthly inflation are decomposed into its trend, oscillatory and noise components in order to develop an understanding of the trend and cyclicality in South African headline inflation. Three cyclical components with differing amplitude and frequency are identified. The trend and cyclical components of inflation are found to be a good approximation of core inflation, the inertial part of inflation. These core measures are compared with other candidate core measures based on the properties of a good core inflation measure. Generally, the SSA measures outperform commonly used measures of core inflation based on both in‐ and out‐of‐sample performance.
European Union Actorness in International Institutions: Why the EU is Recognized as an Actor in Some International Institutions, but Not in Others
Authors: Gehring Thomas , Oberthür Sebastian , Mühleck Marc 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article examines why the European Union (EU) is recognized as a relevant actor in some international institutions, but not in others. Drawing on theories of international institutions and corporate action, it develops a theoretical approach toward EU actorness that demonstrates under which conditions third parties gain an interest in recognizing this actor as a relevant party to international institutions and how the EU can become an actor in its own right. The EU is expected to be recognized as a relevant actor in an international institution if it has acquired action capability in the relevant governance area, while formal status plays an inferior role. This hypothesis is subsequently assessed for six international institutions that vary regarding the degree of EU action capability and the EU's formal status, including the WTO and IMF, FAO and WHO as well as two international environmental regimes. Empirical results confirm the fruitfulness of the theoretical approach.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Marine Hypotrichous Ciliate, Hypotrichidium paraconicum n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Authors: Chen Lingyun , Liu Weiwei , Liu An , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Shao Chen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new saline hypotrich, Hypotrichidium paraconicum n. sp., found in coastal waters near Hong Kong, China, was investigated with emphasis on its living morphology, infraciliature, ontogenesis, and phylogenetic position. A body that is pyriform, with a posterior end that is twisted helically toward the left, a distinct tail and a dark colour, characterizes H. paraconicum n. sp. The buccal cavity is prominent and the cortical granules, which are scattered or sparsely distributed, are colourless, round, and about 1 μm in diam. The contractile vacuole is near the left middle of the cell and there are one or two frontal cirri, four meridional rows and five or six cirral rows which exhibit a left‐handed spiral and which are distributed in the posterior portion on both sides. Three dorsal kineties are distributed in the anterior portion of the dorsal side. In our molecular phylogenies, based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, the position of H. paraconicum n. sp. is rather poorly resolved, providing some indication of a relationship with Neokeronopsis aurea and Rubrioxytricha ferruginea, which fall into the assemblage of oxytrichids (s.l.).
Patients' experiences of postoperative health related to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Eriksson Hanna , Haglund Kristina , Leo Swenne Christine , Arakelian Erebouni 
Published: June 2013

Aims and objectivesTo study patients' descriptions of their health after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) before discharge.BackgroundCytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) affects the patient's recovery. The hospital stay is long, and it is important to study how patients experience their health postoperatively.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsBetween January–May 2012, individual interviews were conducted with 20 patients in a university hospital in central Sweden using a semi‐structured interview guide. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThree themes (a process, body and mind, and support) and nine categories emerged. The surgery was described as a turning point, followed by a period of hope and thankfulness. Nevertheless, patients had difficulty taking in their positive feelings because they were overwhelmed by their bodily ailments. Despite the patients' descriptions of being on an emotional roller coaster, thinking about death and an uncertain future, or being in a state somewhere between sleep and wakefulness, they described themselves as being in good mental health. Continuous individualised information and support from the surgeon and staff members were described as being important for the recovery process, and none of the patients asked for counselling before discharge.ConclusionSurgery was described as a turning point followed by an uncertain future. Despite the overwhelming nature of their bodily ailments and being on an emotional roller coaster postoperatively, patients described themselves as being in good psychological health and not needing any professional counselling. Continuous individualised information from the surgeon and staff members played an important role in the recovery process.Relevance to clinical practiceBoth staff and future patients may benefit from the patients' experiences after CRS and HIPEC described in this study. The knowledge gained from this study could be used in designing a care plan for future patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC.
A deep dig––hindsight on Holocene vegetation composition from ancient environmental DNA
Authors: Gugerli Felix , Alvarez Nadir , Tinner Willy 
Published: June 2013

Want a glimpse at past vegetation? Studying pollen and other plant remains, which are preserved for example in lake sediments or mires for thousands of years, allows us to document regional occurrences of plant species over radiocarbon‐dated time series. Such vegetation reconstructions derived from optical analyses of fossil samples are inherently incomplete because they only comprise taxa that contribute sufficient amounts of pollen, spores, macrofossil or other evidences. To complement optical analyses for paleoecological inference, molecular markers applied to ancient DNA (aDNA) may help in disclosing information hitherto inaccessible to biologists. Parducci et al. (2013) targeted aDNA from sediment cores of two lakes in the Scandes Mountains with generic primers in a meta‐barcoding approach. When compared to palynological records from the same cores, respective taxon lists show remarkable differences in their compositions, but also in quantitative representation and in taxonomic resolution similar to a previous study (Jørgensen et al. 2012). While not free of assumptions that need critical and robust testing, notably the question of possible contamination, this study provides thrilling prospects to improve our knowledge about past vegetation composition, but also other organismic groups, stored as a biological treasure in the ground.