bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability, corporate social responsibility and HRD
Authors: Sheehan Maura , N. Garavan Thomas , Carbery Ronan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a prologue to the issue of sustainability, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and human resource development (HRD). Although issues of sustainability and CSR have become an important topic of research, there are few studies on this topic in the field of HRD. To address this gap, we edited a special issue of European Journal of Training and Development that explicitly focuses attention on sustainability and CSR issues in HRD.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides an overview of the conceptualisation of sustainability and CSR and their relevance for the concept of sustainable HRD. We then outline the contributions of the authors of the six papers that make up the special issue.

Findings
– There are issues related to the conceptualisation and measurement of sustainability, CSR and sustainable HRD. The role that HRD plays in contributing to sustainability and CSR in organisations is not well understood.

Originality/value
– The paper introduces the special issue on sustainability, CSR and HRD. It shows that this is an under-researched area. However, we propose that a focus on sustainability and CSR will serve to advance the field of HRD and contribute to enhancing practices within organisations.
Orientation, attitude, and competency as predictors of manager’s role of CSR-implementing companies in Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Maimunah , Ibnu Kassim Muhammad , Rozi Mohd Amit Mohd , Mohd Rasdi Roziah 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This exploratory study aims to investigate how the role of the CSR manager is influenced by his orientation to corporate social responsibility (CSR) responsibilities, his attitude and competency.Design/methodology/approach– The study involved 112 managers of CSR-implementing companies in the Klang Valley, a highly industrialized region in Malaysia. They were chosen based on a systematic random sampling technique.Findings– The study found that the level of role, orientation and competency of CSR managers was high, whereas that for attitude was moderate. Further, regression analysis results showed that the managers’ orientation to economic and ethical responsibilities as well as competency significantly influenced their role in CSR with an explanatory power of 20.1 per cent.Research limitations/implications– The study was cross-sectional in nature. Nevertheless, it involved a sample of company managers from a selected location in the country. The predictor variables were limited to orientation to economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities; attitude; and competency.Practical implications– The study highlights the importance of personal qualities of the manager and also the manager’s role in promoting community development CSR. These findings should be capitalized on by managers and other practitioners in CSR.Originality/value– The study findings contribute to research on CSR that is viewed from the perspective of corporate image being projected by the role of CSR managers, as influenced by their CSR orientation, attitude and competency. Recommendations for CSR and human resource development practice and future research on the predictors of the role of CSR managers are proposed.
Skills utilisation in Scotland: exploring the views of managers and employees
Authors: Grant Kirsteen , Maxwell Gillian , Ogden Susan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore empirically manager and employee views on employees’ skills utilisation in organisations in Scotland.

Design/methodology/approach
– Questionnaires to managers and employees, plus three case studies comprising manager interviews and employee focus groups.

Findings
– Highly significant differences are found between manager and employee views on: the match of employee skills to their current jobs; the extent of utilisation of employees’ skills; and opportunities for promotion. The main difference in views is on the match of employee skills to their current jobs, with employees opining more than managers that employees’ skills exceed the requirements of their job. Also, for managers and employees alike, the meaning of skills utilisation is obscure despite the language of skills being widely used in organisations.

Research limitations/implications
– The scale of the empirical research is possibly limited. There is potential for manager and employee bias. A case study of a private sector organisation is not included.

Practical implications
– It is apparent that there is potential to increase employees’ skills utilisation in organisations in Scotland. Managers are challenged with better utilising the skills within their workforces by using these skills to drive improvements in work processes and practices.

Originality/value
– Previous commentary and research on skills utilisation mainly centres on policy and employer standpoints. This paper focuses on manager and employee viewpoints on employees’ skills utilisation.
Institutional entrepreneurs on opportunity formation and exploitation in strategic new industry
Authors: Cao Xuanwei , Liu Yipeng , Cao Chunhui 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of institutional entrepreneurship in opportunity formation and opportunity exploitation in developing emerging strategic new industries.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reviews the focal literature focussing on institutional entrepreneurs’ role in opportunity formation with special attention to opportunities for institutional entrepreneurs in emerging economy. A multi-method approach consisting of historical case studies and event sequencing is applied to track the historical development of the solar energy industry in two case contexts and to investigate the role of institutional entrepreneurs in this process.Findings– Investigation of two cases illustrates that different types of institutional entrepreneur, as represented by individual entrepreneurs and local government, in the context of massive institutional change – such as the Grand Western Development Program and the Thousand Talents Program in China – have varied effects on triggering and inducing institutional change and innovation to explore and exploit opportunities in emerging new industries.Practical implications– The significance of local context for the nature and scope of institutional entrepreneurship in emerging economy is worthy of further research. The top-down process of institutional innovation dominated by local government might cause myopic outcome and distortion of market opportunities. Indigenous individual entrepreneurs with well-accumulated political capital and strong perceived responsibility could be the main actors to introduce incremental institutional change by combining bottom-up and top-down processes and promoting sustained new industry development through creating and seizing institutional opportunities and market opportunities.Originality/value– This paper illustrates the close relationship between institutional environment and opportunity formation in emerging economies, contributes to the understanding of contextualizing institutional entrepreneurs in different regional contexts and discloses the problems involved in local government acting as an institutional entrepreneur.
The power of strategic communication in organizational development
Authors: Falkheimer Jesper 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to describe and reflect on strategic communication and its relevance for organizational development and the service sciences.Design/methodology/approach– The approach is conceptual and based on an analysis of relevant earlier research. In the first part of the paper, contemporary organizational challenges are discussed, using a communication perspective. Then, a discussion about communication foundations follows. Finally, four arguments why strategic communication is valuable for organizational development is discussed, raising questions for further empirical research.Findings– The main driving force behind the increased interest in strategic communication is the organizational need of legitimacy to operate in the late modern society. The analysis concludes that there are possible synergies to be made between strategic communication (following a holistic and ritual approach to communication) and the service sciences. The four arguments for focusing strategic communication for organizational development are its relevance for organizational efficiency, image, identity and transparency. There is need of further empirical research.Originality/value– Communication has for many years mainly been viewed as a transmission system and organizational function for production and distribution. In this paper, strategic communication is viewed as a critical organizational management process.
Ethics and Lean Management – a paradox?
Authors: Ljungblom Mia 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to research the practice of ethics in Swedish health care organizations using Lean Management.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative study was conducted.

Findings
– Findings indicate that ethics is not a consideration when hospitals are implementing Lean Management.

Social implications
– Organizations generally have diverse value systems when building their codes of professional ethics for examining ethical principles, whereas Lean Management has established base principles with different codes of professional ethics differing from the intrinsic values humans create according to moral philosophy. It could be said that Lean Management relies on minimalistic ethic. While hospitals implement Lean Management, there are still many barriers to resolve to achieve useful implementation. Managing change while emphasizing ethical values could be a success factor for those organizations and their customers.

Originality/value
– Studying ethical values in Lean Management implementation.
Examining the effect of different components of customer value on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral intentions
Authors: Senić Vladimir , Marinković Veljko 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The aim of the research is to determine the effects of the four dimensions of customer values that the study identifies, namely, emotional value, social value, functional value and monetary value, on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral intentions. The concept of perceived value is increasingly becoming a subject of interest for authors and researchers in the field of services marketing. Perceived value is considered to be a significant predictor of behavioral intentions. The manner in which consumers perceive the value of a product or service that is offered affects the level of their loyalty. In this context, an analysis of perceived value represents a very important activity in terms of customer-orientated management. Quite frequently, customer value is seen as a multidimensional construct that includes several components.

Design/methodology/approach
– The survey was conducted via a sample of 246 respondents – users of mobile telecommunication operators. Each construct of the suggested model was measured with three to five statements. The respondents expressed their level of agreement with statements on a 7-point Likert scale. The fit of the model was tested by using confirmative factor analysis, while the relationships hypothesized in the study were tested by using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– By applying structural equation modeling, the significance of the influence of emotional and social values on attitudinal loyalty, as well as the significant effects of functional and monetary value on behavioral intentions, was confirmed. Furthermore, the strong influence of attitudinal loyalty on behavioral intentions was also identified. The results clearly reveal that in terms of the intensity of the effect, emotional value stands out as the strongest antecedent of attitudinal loyalty. Emotional value has a significant indirect effect on behavioral intentions through attitudinal loyalty.

Originality/value
– The originality of the study is invoked through identifying four key components of perceived value. The concept of perceived value has only been analyzed by means of its emotional, social, functional and monetary dimension in a small number of prior studies. This paper identifies theoretical, as well as managerial, implications. From a theoretical aspect, causal relationships among viewed variables of the conceptualized model were determined. From the managerial perspective, the results obtained indicate that it is important that mobile operators primarily build a strong emotional connection with their customers because the emotional component of the perceived value has the greatest potential for generating long-term relationships. The findings of this research assist managers employed within mobile network operators to understand the role of various components of customer value in the process of creating customer loyalty.
Ethical perspectives on e-commerce: an empirical investigation
Authors: Sharma Gajendra , Lijuan Wang 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various factors that influence consumer trust and privacy on e-commerce system and identify different ethical factors that affect consumer perceptions toward e-commerce adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
– The theoretical background used in this study was critical theory on trust in e-commerce. Online survey from Second Life users was conducted to study ethical issues in e-commerce and their influencing factors.

Findings
– The results were focussed on significance of e-commerce ethics on consumer purchase and its influence on online marketing. The ethical performance of the e-commerce web site will facilitate an increase in trust, which in turn enhances customer commitment and loyalty.

Research limitations/implications
– The survey data in this study has some common method bias. The possibility of the existence of the common method bias cannot be completely eliminated. Security and privacy are the two major aspects that drive online businesses which lead online consumers to develop trust on the digital environment.

Practical implications
– The findings on e-commerce ethical research will be useful for current management practice such as making business policies and strategies and sharing information to managers and organization leaders.

Originality/value
– With the introduction of internet and e-commerce a large of companies has been performing their business transactions through electronic network. Increasing communication technologies has bought speedy changes in online business transactions. E-commerce networks are playing a pivotal role in online business and consumers are more concerned on ethical issues of e-commerce including security, privacy and trust.
Analysis of corporate cash holdings of firms in Malaysia
Authors: Wasiuzzaman Shaista 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the motives behind the levels of cash holdings and the theory that may be able to explain why these firms hold so much cash.

Design/methodology/approach
– Annual financial data and stock prices of 192 firms from six different sectors on the Bursa Malaysia are collected for the period 2000-2007. Analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test is carried out to analyze industrial and time differences in cash holdings. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique is used to understand the relationships between various attributes with the level of cash holdings. Due to issues of endogeneity, the generalized method of moments method is also applied.

Findings
– Significant differences are found to exist in the level of cash holdings between firms and across time. It is found that firms adjust to a target level of cash holdings, although this is done relatively slowly. Also, significance of firm characteristics and their relationships with cash holdings indicate that other than the pecking order theory, the trade-off theory and the agency theory can help explain the level of cash holdings of firms in Malaysia.

Originality/value
– Most studies on cash holdings have been carried out in developed countries. Malaysia is an advanced emerging market with significant state control and firm structure being largely family-oriented. Hence, a study on a different market with different types of firm structures will contribute significantly to the existing literature on corporate cash holdings.
Guanxias a complex adaptive system: definition, description and underlying principals
Authors: Chang Artemis , Guo Carlin , Zolin Roxanne , Yang Xiaohua 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to critically review the extantguanxiliterature to identify the major inconsistencies in the wayguanxiis currently conceptualized. The authors develop a conceptualization ofguanxiwhich viewsguanxias a complex adaptive system.Design/methodology/approach– Electronic databases were queried for the keywordguanxi. This study offers an extensive review of the current literature, highlighting four major inconsistencies, namely, the breadth, linguistic-cultural depth, temporality and level of the conceptualization and analyses ofguanxi.Findings– In reviewing the extant literature, the authors find four levels of inconsistency that contribute to a lack of clarity in the wayguanxiis conceptualized. They defineguanxias a complex adaptive system involving a dynamic formed by the strategic establishing, evolving, utilizing and maintaining of personal relationships based on social norms of trust and reciprocal obligation unique to the Chinese culture.Research limitations/implications– This approach has the advantage of capturing the dynamic and emerging nature ofguanxiover time, while encompassing the underlying principles of the evolving networks as part of the definition.Practical implications– The authors' new definition makes it easier to explain to people of other cultures. The appropriate level of breadth allowsguanxito be distinguished from associated concepts. This provides guidance for non-Chinese people to help understandguanxiand avoid cross-cultural misunderstandings and conflict.Originality/value– Having a clear and inclusive definition of the cultural practice ofguanxiwill integrate the growing literature and theoretical dialogue surrounding the phenomena. This will allow for consistent study ofguanxiand its underlying principles, making integration of the various studies conceptually easier.
Is bullying bad for your health? The consequences of bullying perpetration and victimization in childhood on health behaviors in adulthood
Authors: Stuart Jaimee , E. Jose Paul 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether young people who bully others in childhood (aged seven to 12 years old) go on to have worse health outcomes than non-bullies 39 years later. Furthermore, four categories of engagement in bullying behaviors (bully, victim, bully-victim, and not involved) were compared in order to assess differences in health and well-being in late adulthood.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of 305 teacher-identified childhood bullies were selected from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort and matched with a sample of 305 non-bullies using propensity score matching methods. These groups were then tested for differences in six health outcomes (perceived support, depression, poor health, presence of a long-term illness, history of smoking, and frequent alcohol consumption) measured in late adulthood. Categories of bullying engagement (bully, victim, bully-victim, not involved) were also constructed using the matched groups and adult recollection of victimization, and differences between the four groups on health outcomes were tested.

Findings
– Bullies were found to be significantly more likely than non-bullies to have a history of smoking and currently have a long-term illness and victims reported significantly lower levels of perceived support and greater depression than non-victims. Furthermore, bully-victims reported experiencing significantly less support and more depression than bullies, and were significantly more likely to currently have a long-term illness than non-bullies.

Originality/value
– Results indicate that bullying in childhood is associated with negative health outcomes much later in life. Being both a perpetrator and victim of bullying was associated with worse health outcomes than either being a bully, victim, or not being involved. These results indicate that there are long-lasting implications for individuals involved in bullying almost four decades later in life.
Global food safety: determinants are Codex standards and WTO's SPS food safety regulations
Authors: Mahajan Rajneesh , Garg Suresh , Sharma P.B. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate perspective in explaining how global food safety can be created through stringent implementation of Codex and World Trade Organization (WTOs) Sanitary and Phytosanitary food safety regulations and suggests the appropriate food safety system for India.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study has been deployed a survey questionnaire using a sample of Indian Processed food sector. In order to collect data 1,000 supply chain professional were contacted for seeking their consent to be part of the survey. Whereas total responses collected were 252 from Delhi and NCR, with response rate 25.2 percent. The data collected was empirical tested using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression and ANOVA.

Findings
– The results and discussions indicate that all the global food safety norms laid down by WTO such as goods manufacturing practices, good hygienic practice, hazard analysis critical control point, has been developed to embody principles of safe food processing sector globally. India has also developed their food safety norms as per laid down principles by WTO.

Originality/value
– The present research work makes an important contribution to the body of literature on global food safety. The paper has important implications for the processed food sector since it tries to bring out practices which would help in successful implementation of global food safety standards. It is useful for academic food research as well as for processed food corporate.