bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Hybrid EEG-EMG-Based Control Approaches to be Used in Bio-robotics Applications: Current Status, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Lalitharatne Thilina Dulantha , Teramoto Kenbu , Hayashi Yoshiaki , Kiguchi Kazuo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the last few decades, bio-robotics applications such as exoskeletons, prosthetics and robotic wheelchairs have progressed from machines in science fiction to nearly commercialized products. Though there are still several challenges associated with electromyography (EMG) signals, the advances in use of EMG signals for controlling such bio-robotics applications have been enormous. Similarly, recent trends and attempts in developing electroencephalography- (EEG) based control methods have shown the potential of this area in the modern bio-robotics field. However, the EEG-based control methods are also yet to be perfected. A new approach of combining both these control methods, which take the advantages, and diminish the disadvantages, of each system might therefore be a promising approach. In this paper, we review hybrid fusion of EMG- and EEG-based control approaches in the bio-robotics field which have been attempted or developed to date. We provide a design overview of the method and consider the main features and merits/disadvantagages for the approaches that have been analyzed. We also discuss the current challenges regarding these hybrid EEG-EMG control approaches and propose some potential future directions.
Profile Following for Inspection of Underwater Structures
Authors: Galceran Enric , Palomeras Narcís , Carreras Marc 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present a seabed profile estimation and following method for close proximity inspection of 3D underwater structures using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The presented method is used to determine a path allowing the AUV to pass its sensors over all points of the target structure, which is known as coverage path planning. Our profile following method goes beyond traditional seabed following at a safe altitude and exploits hovering capabilities of recent AUV developments. A range sonar is used to incrementally construct a local probabilistic map representation of the environment and estimates of the local profile are obtained via linear regression. Two behavior-based controllers use these estimates to perform horizontal and vertical profile following. We build upon these tools to address coverage path planning for 3D underwater structures using a (potentially inaccurate) prior map and following cross-section profiles of the target structure. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated using the GIRONA 500 AUV both in simulation using synthetic and real-world bathymetric data and in pool trials.
Enhancement of the Communication Effectiveness of Interactive Robots for Autism Therapy by Using Touch and Colour Feedback
Authors: Lee Jaeryoung , Takehashi Hiroki , Nagai Chikara , Obinata Goro , Stefanov Dimitar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrevious studies in the field of robot assisted therapy demonstrated that robots engage autistic children’s attention in a better way. Therefore, the interactive robots appear to be a promising approach for improving the social interaction and communication skills of autistic children. However, most of the existing interactive robots use a very small number of communication variableswhich narrow their effectiveness to a few aspects of autistic childrens’ social communication behaviour. In the present work, we explore the effects of touching and colours on the communication effectiveness between a robot and an autistic child and their potential for further adjustability of the robot to child’s behaviour. Firstly, we investigated touching patterns of autistic and non-autistic children in three different situations and validated their responses by comparison of touching forces. Results showed that patterns of touching by non-autistic children have certain consistency, while reaction patterns in autistic children vary from person to person. Secondly, we studied the effect of colour feedback in autism therapy with the robot. Results showed that participants achieved better completion rate when colour feedback was provided. The results could support the design of more effective therapeutic robots for children with autism.
A social learning formalism for learners trying to figure out what a teacher wants them to do
Authors: Cederborg Thomas , Oudeyer Pierre-Yves 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article presents a theoretical foundation for approaching the problem of how a learner can infer what a teacher wants it to do through strongly ambiguous interaction or observation. The article groups the interpretation of a broad range of information sources under the same theoretical framework. A teacher’s motion demonstration, eye gaze during a reproduction attempt, pushes of “good"/“bad" buttons and speech comment are all treated as specific instances of the same general class of information sources. These sources all provide (partially and ambiguously) information about what the teacher wants the learner to do, and all need to be interpreted concurrently. We introduce a formalism to address this challenge, which allows us to consider various strands of previous research as different related facets of a single generalized problem. In turn, this allows us to identify important new avenues for research. To sketch these new directions, several learning setups are introduced, and algorithmic structures are introduced to illustrate some of the practical problems that must be overcome.
Response of nitrogen on yield and seed quality of Boro rice
Authors: Khatun Amina , Bhuiya MSU , Saleque MA 
Published: April 2015

Nitrogen (N), the most limiting nutrient in Bangladesh, for rice has been studied most rigorously, but its contribution to rice seed production remained relatively unexplored. An experiment was conducted during season (November-April) in 2009-10 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute experimental farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh, to evaluate the effect of N fertilizer on seed yield and its quality. The experiment included BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1 N rates. Seed yield increased significantly in a quadratic fashion with the increase of N rate both in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. Application of N fertilizer increased seed yield by about 3-4 t ha-1 compared to control. The highest yield of 5.15 and 6.34 t ha-1 was obtained with 150 kg N ha-1 in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively. However, the predicted economic optimum doses of N appeared as 156 and 158 kg ha-1 for BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively. Nitrogen application to rice seed crop did not impair seed quality in terms of germination, viability, vigour and seed color. The seed N concentration ranged from 0.94 to 1.31% in BRRI dhan28 and 0.85 to 1.07% in BRRI dhan29 among different N rates. The seed phosphorus concentration varied from 0.30 to 0.41% in BRRI dhan28 and 0.28 to 0.36% in BRRI dhan29 among different N rates. The seed K varied from 0.23 to 0.27% and 0.20 to 0.23% in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 respectively, among different N rates. The average seed protein of BRRI dhan28 (6.59%) was significantly higher than that of BRRI dhan29 (5.68%). Seed N and protein content slightly increased with the increase of N rate. Nitrogen application did not influence phosphorus and magnesium content in rice seed. However, seed potassium slightly decreased with the N application.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 24-32
Evaluation of a Binary Semi-supervised Classification Technique for Probabilistic Record Linkage
Authors: Stausberg J. , Nasseh D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackground: The process of merging data of different data sources is referred to as record linkage. A medical environment with increased preconditions on privacy protection demands the transformation of clear-text attributes like first name or date of birth into one-way encrypted pseudonyms. When performing an automated or privacy preserving record linkage there might be the need of a binary classification deciding whether two records should be classified as the same entity. The classification is the final of the four main phases of the record linkage process: Preprocessing, indexing, matching and classification. The choice of binary classification techniques in dependence of project specifications in particular data quality has not extensively been studied yet.Objectives: The aim of this work is the introduction and evaluation of an automatable semi-supervised binary classification system applied within the field of record linkage capable of competing or even surpassing advanced automated techniques of the domain of unsupervised classification.Methods: This work describes the rationale leading to the model and the final implementation of an automatable semi-supervised binary classification system and the comparison of its classification performance to an advanced active learning approach out of the domain of unsupervised learning. The performance of both systems has been measured on a broad variety of artificial test sets (n = 400), based on real patient data, with distinct and unique characteristics.Results: While the classification performance for both methods measured as F-measure was relatively close on test sets with maximum defined data quality, 0.996 for semi-supervised classification, 0.993 for unsupervised classification, it incrementally diverged for test sets of worse data quality dropping to 0.964 for semi-supervised classification and 0.803 for unsupervised classification.Conclusions: Aside from supplying a viable model for semi-supervised classification for automated probabilistic record linkage, the tests conducted on a large amount of test sets suggest that semi-supervised techniques might generally be capable of outperforming unsupervised techniques especially on data with lower levels of data quality.
Reading Matthew 13 as a prophetic discourse: The four parables presented in private
Authors: Scholtz Jacob J. 
Published: April 2015

The task of Jesus’ disciples might be to juxtapose ‘new and old’ unconditional prophecies of the kingdom of heaven. After describing its setting, the four parables in Matthew 13, presented in private, are considered from a pre-millennial perspective. The parable of the hidden treasure may indicate how Jesus Christ first authenticates and then hides his authority and power to rule as King in terms of the Davidic Covenant over the literal Davidic kingdom – before he then goes to the cross. Having been to the cross, the parable of the pearl merchant may show how the first, spiritual phase of the kingdom commences when Christ Jesus starts his pearl ministry as High Priest in terms of the New Covenant. The parable of the dragnet has in view the transition from the spiritual phase of the kingdom into its future phase. An overview of the four privately given parables of Matthew 13 is then provided. After this a summary of the new and old prophecies contained in the eight parables of Matthew 13 is presented, followed by the conclusion.’n Ondersoek na Matteus 13 as ’n profetiese diskoers: Die vier gelykenisse wat privaat aangebied is. Die taak van Jesus se dissipels sou kon wees om ‘nuwe en ou’ onvoorwaardelike profesieë van die koninkryk van die hemele met mekaar te vergelyk. Nadat die konteks beskryf is, word die vier gelykenisse in Matteus 13 wat privaat aangebied is vanuit ’n pre-millenniale perspektief oorweeg. Die gelykenis van die verborge skat sou kon aantoon hoe Jesus Christus sy gesag en mag om as Koning in terme van die Dawidiese Verbond oor die letterlike Dawidiese koninkryk te regeer, eers bevestig en dan verberg – waarna Hy kruis toe gaan. Nadat Hy gekruisig is, sou die gelykenis van die pêrelkoper kon aantoon hoe die eerste, geestelike fase van die koninkryk ’n aanvang neem as Christus Jesus sy pêrelbediening as Hoëpriester in terme van die Nuwe Verbond begin. Die gelykenis van die net toon die oorgang van die geestelike fase van die koninkryk van die hemele na die toekomstige letterlike fase. ’n Oorsig oor die vier gelykenisse van Matteus 13 wat privaat aangebied is, word dan verskaf. Daarna word ’n opsomming van die nuwe en ou profesieë wat die agt gelykenisse van Matteus 13 bevat gegee, gevolg deur die slot.
West African Islamic States and “Antislavery” in The Walking Qur'an
Authors: Robinson David 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Challenging conventional wisdom about Islam and Muslim societies in West African history, Rudolph “Butch” Ware's The Walking Qur'an: Islamic Education, Embodied Knowledge and History in West Africa is not a conventional study of Islam, nor is it a study of a particular region or time period in African history. Rather, I would call it an intellectual history of selected Muslim leaders and societies in West Africa, but with substantial reference to the foundations of Islam and figures such as Bilal. The focus of the book is Qur'anic education across the centuries, from Mecca to West Africa, although education beyond the Qur'an is often subsumed in that. My fundamental question about the text has to do with the relationship of the “Islamic state,” symbolized especially by Futa Toro, to antislavery.
It's Scripturalization, Colleagues!
Authors: Wimbush Vincent L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Rudolph Ware's fascinating book, The Walking Qur'an, does not address the broader challenges of scripturalization—that is, the process by which a text becomes “scripture” and the powerful interests that this authorizing of text reflects and secures. Why, for example, does Ware's book appeal to a discussion of the classical tradition without addressing the ideologies that such a framing presupposes? Even as it claims a focus on an embodied engagement of Islamic scriptures in West Africa, Ware's book nonetheless fetishizes the text. It is an apologetic that does not address how, through the mimetic (scripturalizing) practices that are managed by the regime of scripturalization, people in West Africa and peoples throughout the world have manipulated their own and others’ imaginations and have been manipulated in turn. This critique is a challenge to a different type of critical orientation—to social formation and human-making.
Embodied Knowledge and The Walking Qur'an:
Authors: Seesemann Rüdiger 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
More than a study of Qur'an schooling in Senegambia, Rudolph Ware's The Walking Qur'an offers a new reading of West African history and a compelling argument about Islamic epistemologies. According to Ware, the embodied knowledge practices preserved in Senegambian Qur'an schools up to the present day have their roots in the early days of Islam. This article focuses on Ware's intervention in the debate about epistemology and engages with his distinction between embodied knowledge, which he uses to characterize the knowledge practices in the Qur'an schools, and disembodied knowledge, which Ware sees as predominant among modern Muslims. Expanding on Ware's exceptional study, the article argues that the embodied knowledge paradigm is closely connected to a wider Islamic tradition that can be labeled the Maliki-Ash'ari complex. Further, the article raises questions about Ware's depiction of the disembodied knowledge paradigm and calls for further research into Salafi epistemology.
Interfaith Resistance in South Africa
Authors: Lubbe G. J. A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This edited excerpt from the Rev. Dr. G. J. A. Lubbe's memoirs, titled Embraced by Grace: The Story of a White Ant, describes the formation and impact of the nonviolent interfaith movement against apartheid in South Africa. From 1984 to 1994, the year of President Nelson Mandela's election, Lubbe led the South African chapter of the World Conference on Religion and Peace, now known as Religions for Peace. Under its organizational umbrella South Africans of various faiths crossed both theological and racial lines to oppose apartheid and later to influence the interfaith ethos of postapartheid South Africa.
¿Somos más móviles incluyendo a la mitad invisible? Análisis de la movilidad social intergeneracional en España en 2011
Authors: Fachelli Sandra , López-Roldán Pedro 
Published: April 2015

El objetivo del artículo es presentar los resultados obtenidos en una investigación sobre la movilidad ocupacional intergeneracional en España utilizando la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida del INE del 2011.
Se compara la ocupación entre origen (padres) y destino (hijos), que tradicionalmente se ha realizado con la población masculina, proponiendo responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿en qué medida los resultados de los análisis sobre movilidad relativa en España cambian al tomar a la población femenina tanto en origen como en destino? Como resultado mostramos que la inclusión de las mujeres en los modelos de movilidad cambia la conclusión habitual sobre la fl uidez constante en el tiempo: existe una mayor fl uidez, no invariante en el tiempo, que revela el nuevo papel que la mujer ha ido adquiriendo en nuestra sociedad en las últimas décadas.
The market for hospital medicine in Denmark
Authors: Hostenkamp Gisela 
Published: April 2015

Pharmaceutical expenditure growth has outpaced GDP and healthcare expenditure growth rates in Denmark as in most OECD countries for the last decade. A major part of this increase was due to high growth rates in specialist areas that are typically located in hospital settings. Yet the market for hospital medicines and their procurement are still poorly understood. The present paper characterises the market for hospital medicines in Denmark in terms of its organisation and developments between 2005 and 2009. In Denmark hospital medicines are publicly financed and procurement is centrally organised. 98% of all medicines administered at Danish public hospitals are purchased through a public procurement agency by means of public tenders. Using data on actual contract prices we decompose pharmaceutical expenditure growth into the contributions from newly introduced medicines, price and volume increases and use summary statistics to compare market performance in both sectors. The market for hospital medicine is more concentrated than the pharmaceutical retail sector and the share of generics and parallel imported products is significantly lower. Between 2005 and 2009 expenditures for hospital medicines more than doubled -accounting for almost 40% of the total Danish pharmaceutical market in 2009. Price increases however - although positive and higher than in the pharmaceutical retail sector - were only moderate. The majority of the expenditure growth was due to an increase in utilisation and the introduction of new medicines in the hospital sector. Centralised tendering may therefore have important implications for competition and industry structure in the long run.
Reducing Status Quo Bias in Choice Experiments
Authors: Bonnichsen Ole , Ladenburg Jacob 
Published: April 2015

To secure the validity and applicability of stated preference measures in economic analysis, hypothetical preferences must mimic real life preferences. For instance, people have a propensity to prefer what they already have when presented with alternatives that, all things being equal, seem to be superior, i.e. a status quo effect. However, in the stated preference literature, the tendency to choose the alternative representing the status quo situation seems to exceed real life status quo effects. Accordingly, status quo bias can be a problem. In the Choice Experiment literature, status quo bias is found to be a function of protest attitudes concerning the payment of the hypothetical good. In a split sample framework we test an ex-ante entreaty aimed at reducing payment based protest attitudes. We find that the entreaty reduces status quo bias and improves the internal validity of stated preferences in our data based on Swedish ostomates’ preferences for ostomy pouch quality changes. Published: Online January 2015. In print December 2015.
El pensamiento especulativo en clave contemporánea: Hegel y la filosofía de la diferencia
Authors: Cadahia María Luciana 
Published: April 2015

<p>En este artículo elaboraremos un examen riguroso sobre el supuesto antagonismo entre la llamada <em>filosofía de la identidad</em> y la <em>filosofía de la diferencia</em>. El interrogante que estará a la base de todo nuestro escrito será el siguiente: si definimos la estrategia del pensamiento de la diferencia como el intento de distinguir a un elemento de sí mismo y hacerlo devenir en un proceso de diferenciación, ¿este movimiento no tiene grandes afinidades con la lógica especulativa, puesto que la noción reflexiva de diferencia que plantea Hegel posibilita una salida de la identidad criticada por el pensamiento de la diferencia?</p>
MEDINA DOMÉNECH, Rosa María: Ciencia y sabiduría del amor. Una historia cultural del franquismo (1940-1960), Madrid/ Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2013.
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco 
Published: April 2015

Reseña del libro MEDINA DOMÉNECH, Rosa María: Ciencia y sabiduría del amor. Una historia cultural del franquismo (1940-1960), Madrid/ Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2013, 276 págs.
A surface layer variance heat budget for ENSO
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Timmermann Axel , Santoso Agus , England Matthew H. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Balmaseda Magdalena A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCharacteristics of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), such as frequency, propagation, spatial extent, and amplitude, strongly depend on the climatological background state of the tropical Pacific. Multidecadal changes in the ocean mean state are hence likely to modulate ENSO properties. To better link background state variations with low‐frequency amplitude changes of ENSO, we develop a diagnostic framework that determines locally the contributions of different physical feedback terms on the ocean surface temperature variance. Our analysis shows that multidecadal changes of ENSO variance originate from the delicate balance between the background‐state‐dependent positive thermocline feedback and the atmospheric damping of sea surface temperatures anomalies. The role of higher‐order processes and atmospheric and oceanic nonlinearities is also discussed. The diagnostic tool developed here can be easily applied to other tropical ocean areas and climate phenomena.
Failure to detect human papillomavirus in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
Authors: Shapiro Kevin A. , McGuone Declan , Deshpande Vikram , Sadow Peter M. , Stemmer‐Rachamimov Anat , Staley Kevin J. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveRecent studies have reported evidence of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) in a very high proportion of pathological specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, but not in control specimens, motivating the proposal that viral infection during fetal development may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasias. However, the significance of the association between HPV infection and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, and its reproducibility across surgical centers, remain unclear. Here we sought evidence for HPV‐16 in an independent cohort of surgical specimens.MethodsWe identified 14 specimens of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb from a single surgical center between 1995 and 2013. Multiple methods were used to establish presence or absence of HPV, including DNA polymerase chain reaction, conventional in situ hybridization, chromogenic in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for p16.ResultsWe found no conclusive evidence of HPV in any of the specimens. All but 1 of the cases were negative by >1 method.InterpretationThese results raise questions about the prevalence of HPV infection in focal cortical dysplasias and about its potential importance as a causative agent. Ann Neurol 2015;78:63–67