bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Primordial Alignment: Insights from Stellar Obliquity Measurements for Compact Sub-Saturn Systems
Authors: Radzom Brandon T. , Dong Jiayin , Rice Malena , Wang Xian-Yu , Yee Samuel W. , Fairnington Tyler R. , Petrovich Cristobal , Wang Songhu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite decades of effort, the mechanisms by which the spin axis of a star and the orbital axes of its planets become misaligned remain elusive. In particular, it is of great interest whether the large spin–orbit misalignments observed are driven primarily by high-eccentricity migration—expected to have occurred for short-period, isolated planets—or reflect a more universal process that operates across systems with a variety of present-day architectures. Compact multiplanet systems offer a unique opportunity to differentiate between these competing hypotheses, as their tightly packed configurations preclude violent dynamical histories, including high-eccentricity migration, allowing them to trace the primordial disk plane. In this context, we report measurements of the sky-projected stellar obliquity (λ) via the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for two sub-Saturns in multiple-transiting systems: TOI-5126 b (λ = 1 ± 48°) and TOI-5398 b (

λ
=
−

8.1

−
6.3

+
5.3

°

). Both are spin–orbit aligned, joining a fast-growing group of just three other compact sub-Saturn systems, all of which exhibit spin–orbit alignment. In aggregate with archival data, our results strongly suggest that sub-Saturn systems are primordially aligned and become misaligned largely in the postdisk phase, as appears to be the case increasingly for other exoplanet populations.
Following the Pulsations in the Long-term Cooling of GW Librae and V386 Serpentis
Authors: Szkody Paula , van Roestel Jan , Bell Keaton J. , Vanderbosch Zachary P. , Mukadam Anjum , Scaringi Simone 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
GW Lib and V386 Ser are dwarf novae systems containing pulsating white dwarfs that underwent large 8–9 mag amplitude outbursts in 2007 and 2019, respectively. Following the pulsation periods in these systems after the outburst provides a means to view the heating and cooling effects of mass accretion on the instability region of the white dwarf. Follow-up optical observations during 2021–2023 for these two systems are reported, resulting in a time span coverage of 16 yr for GW Lib and 4 yr for V386 Ser after their outbursts that reveal large differences in behavior as their white dwarfs returned to quiescence. GW Lib showed intermittent longer periods at 19 minutes, 1.4, 2, and 4 hr during the first 16 yr after the outburst, before finally showing, at 14 yr post-outburst, two of the three short-period modes apparent during preoutburst quiescence. In contrast, V386 Ser appeared to follow theoretical expectations, showing a shorter-period pulsation soon after the outburst, and progressively longer periods as it cooled to its quiescent state. While the optical light returns to quiescent value within 2 yr, it is apparent that the white dwarf takes much longer to recover to its quiescent state. Theoretical work is needed to explain the large differences in otherwise similar systems.
To Be or Not To Be: The Role of Rotation in Modeling Galactic Be X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Rocha Kyle Akira , Kalogera Vicky , Doctor Zoheyr , Andrews Jeff J. , Sun Meng , Gossage Seth , Bavera Simone S. , Fragos Tassos , Kovlakas Konstantinos , Kruckow Matthias U. , Misra Devina , Srivastava Philipp M. , Xing Zepei , Zapartas Emmanouil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Be X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs) are one of the largest subclasses of high-mass X-ray binaries, comprised of a rapidly rotating Be star and neutron star companion in an eccentric orbit, intermittently accreting material from a decretion disk around the donor. Originating from binary stellar evolution, Be-XRBs are of significant interest to binary population synthesis (BPS) studies, encapsulating the physics of supernovae, common envelope, and mass transfer (MT). Using the state-of-the-art BPS code, POSYDON, which relies on precomputed grids of detailed binary stellar evolution models, we investigate the Galactic Be-XRB population. POSYDON incorporates stellar rotation self-consistently during MT phases, enabling detailed examination of the rotational distribution of Be stars in multiple phases of evolution. Our fiducial BPS and Be-XRB model aligns well with the orbital properties of Galactic Be-XRBs, emphasizing the role of rotational constraints. Our modeling reveals a rapidly rotating population (ω/ω
crit ≳ 0.3) of Be-XRB-like systems with a strong peak at intermediate rotation rates (ω/ω
crit ≃ 0.6) in close alignment with observations. All Be-XRBs undergo an MT phase before the first compact object forms, with over half experiencing a second MT phase from a stripped helium companion (Case BB). Computing rotationally limited MT efficiencies and applying them to our population, we derive a physically motivated MT efficiency distribution, finding that most Be-XRBs have undergone highly nonconservative MT (

β

¯

rot

≃
0.15

). Our study underscores the importance of detailed angular momentum modeling during MT in interpreting Be-XRB populations, emphasizing this population as a key probe for the stability and efficiency of MT in interacting binaries.
The CUISINES Framework for Conducting Exoplanet Model Intercomparison Projects, Version 1.0
Authors: Sohl Linda E. , Fauchez Thomas J. , Domagal-Goldman Shawn , Christie Duncan A. , Deitrick Russell , Haqq-Misra Jacob , Harman C. E. , Iro Nicolas , Mayne Nathan J. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Young Amber V. , Chaverot Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As JWST begins to return observations, it is more important than ever that exoplanet climate models can consistently and correctly predict the observability of exoplanets, retrieval of their data, and interpretation of planetary environments from that data. Model intercomparisons play a crucial role in this context, especially now when few data are available to validate model predictions. The CUISINES Working Group of NASA's Nexus for Exoplanet Systems Science supports a systematic approach to evaluating the performance of exoplanet models and provides here a framework for conducting community-organized exoplanet model intercomparison projects (exoMIPs). The CUISINES framework adapts Earth climate community practices specifically for the needs of the exoplanet researchers, encompassing a range of model types, planetary targets, and parameter space studies. It is intended to help researchers to work collectively, equitably, and openly toward common goals. The CUISINES framework rests on five principles: (1) define in advance what research question(s) the exoMIP is intended to address, (2) create an experimental design that maximizes community participation and advertise it widely, (3) plan a project timeline that allows all exoMIP members to participate fully, (4) generate data products from model output for direct comparison to observations, and (5) create a data management plan that is workable in the present and scalable for the future. Within the first years of its existence, CUISINES is already providing logistical support to 10 exoMIPs and will continue to host annual workshops for further community feedback and presentation of new exoMIP ideas.
Injectable agents for the induction of Peyronie’s disease in model rats: a comparative study
Authors: Du Guang-Jun , Xing Si-Yan , Wu Ning , Wang Tong , Jiang Yue-Hui , Song Tao , Yang Bai-Bing , Dai Yu-Tian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by fibrous plaque formation in the penile tissue that leads to curvature and complications in advanced stages. In this study, we aimed to compare four injectable induction agents for the establishment of a robust rat model of PD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibrin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) combined with TGF-β1, and polidocanol (POL) combined with TGF-β1. The results showed that injection of TGF-β1 or fibrin into the tunica albuginea induced pathological endpoints without causing penile curvature. The STS + TGF-β1 combination resulted in both histological and morphological alterations, but with a high incidence of localized necrosis that led to animal death. The POL + TGF-β1 combination produced pathological changes and curvature comparable to STS + TGF-β1 and led to fewer complications. In conclusion, fibrin, STS + TGF-β1, and POL + TGF-β1 all induced PD with a certain degree of penile curvature and histological fibrosis in rats. The POL + TGF-β1 combination offered comparatively greater safety and clinical relevance and may have the greatest potential for PD research using model rats.
Female Anorectal Malformation with Genitourinary Prolapse
Authors: Sinha Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit , Rashi  , Ali Md. Mokarram , Kumar Bindey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Genitourinary prolapse in newborn females as an introital mass is an uncommon entity. The usual causative mechanisms are poor pelvic innervation, damage or pressure on pelvic musculature and ligaments etc. Different methods of reduction as treatment were proposed in the past. Apart from uncommon occurrence of genitourinary prolapse in newborns, its association with anorectal malformation is not reported in English literature after searching on PubMed and Google Scholar. We report three cases of genitourinary prolapse with anorectal malformation in newborn females where decompressing colostomy was curative for the condition reflecting increased intra-abdominal pressure as causative mechanism.
Difficult Removal of a Stuck Chemoport Catheter of a Paediatric Patient in Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Era – Management Strategies and Literature Review
Authors: Sen Chuah Jun , Cheng Yoong Chee 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A chemoport is widely used in paediatric oncology population. Removal is a relatively easy procedure, but difficulty can be encountered in case the catheter is densely adherent to the vascular wall. It is a rare complication and is associated with long indwelling duration and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Forceful traction can lead to vascular injury and high morbidity. Herein, we report a 7-year-old girl with precursor B ALL who had delayed chemoport removal due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The removal process was difficult, as the catheter was adherent to the right innominate vein. Out of panic, the surgeon pulled it out forcefully. Fortunately, the catheter and its fragment were successfully retrieved completely and the child was discharged the next day. The management strategy varies and ranges from minimally invasive to open surgery. Leaving a stuck chemoport catheter in situ can be a bailout method or part of conservative management.
Acute Appendicitis in Children in the Era of Covid-19
Authors: Fadhle Muhamed Jassim , Al-Mayoof Ali Farooq 
Published: August 2024

Background
Abdominal pain is a common complaint encountered by paediatric surgeons. This complaint could be related to surgical or non-surgical causes. With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the incidence of abdominal pain has increased and mimicked acute appendicitis in paediatric patients.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric acute appendicitis in terms of demographic data (age and sex), and operative findings, specifically, the complicated appendicitis and negative appendectomy rates.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records of children aged 5–15 years, who were diagnosed with acute appendicitis and underwent surgery between January 2018 and December 2021. The patients were divided into pre-pandemic and pandemic groups. Demographic, operative and histopathological findings were compared between the two groups.

Results
A significant increase in the incidence of acute abdominal pain amongst the admitted children (39.8% vs. 32.7%, P < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in the incidence of acute appendicitis (27% vs. 33%, P < 0.013) were observed in the pandemic group. An associated non-significant increase in the rates of complicated appendicitis (30% vs. 26%, P = 0.299) and negative appendectomy (5.8% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.359) was noted. During the pandemic period, no statistically significant differences were found between polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive and PCR-negative patients in complicated appendicitis or negative appendectomy rates (30% vs. 29.7%, P = 0.841, and 6.7% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.424, respectively).

Conclusion
COVID-19 is associated with an increased incidence of acute abdominal pain in children but a decreased rate of acute appendicitis. The latter tends to present at a younger age than usual. The rates of complicated appendicitis and negative appendectomy increased but were not significantly affected by the pandemic or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection status.
Predictors of clozapine efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A cross-sectional analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological EEG changes
Authors: Asif Sumaila , Pattnaik Jigyansa Ipsita , Debata Ipsita , Das Sudipta Kumar , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell , Samantaray Swayanka , Swain Ramakant 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context:
Although neuroleptics are available for treating schizophrenia, patient compliance with treatment remains a major hurdle. Such patients turn into treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) where clozapine can be prescribed, but it causes severe side effects. Many markers can predict favorable responses to clozapine therapy.

Aims:
To assess sociodemographic, clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical parameters among TRS patients and to evaluate the difference between TRS patients with and without response to clozapine.

Settings and Design:
A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 2 years from October 31, 2020, to November 1, 2022, in the Psychiatry Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Odisha.

Materials and Methods:
All patients visiting the Psychiatry Department of a tertiary care hospital, diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases schizophrenia were screened for TRS as per modified Kane’s criteria. The assessed parameters were compared using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia, and Clinical Global Impressions scale.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were compiled and analyzed using IBM corporation’s Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27.

Results:
Thirty-one eligible patients consented to the study, with 21 (67.7%) females and 10 (32.3%) males. Maximum, 17 (54.8%), belonged to 18–35 years of age. The biochemical parameters, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and triglycerides (TGs) had mean values of 94.56 (±6.6) mg/dL and 157 (±9.8) mg/dL, respectively. Gross electroencephalogram abnormalities were seen in 3 (10%) cases.

Conclusions:
The female gender, higher education, and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis predicted a better outcome. The patients showing good responses had higher trends in FBS and TGs at follow-up. Clozapine was associated with increased electrophysiological intra- and interhemispheric asymmetry.
A rare case series on hypertensive encephalopathy manifesting as psychosis
Authors: Pasupula Sai Kiran , Kolli Katyayani , Vandanapu Naveen , Jyothi Neeli Uma 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare condition which is a clinically and radiologically diagnosed disorder. It usually presents in known hypertensive cases among young- and middle-aged adults. Although it presents with altered consciousness and other multisystem manifestations, symptoms of psychosis are rarely seen; management of the disorder is proper blood pressure control. Now, we present two cases of de novo hypertension and a case of chronic hypertension with no history of psychiatric illness and presented with symptoms of irritability, confusion, and hallucinations. To our knowledge, these are the few case reports showing psychosis in hypertensive patients presented with hypertensive encephalopathy.

Categories: Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Neurology
A report on gray matter heterotopias and neuropsychiatric manifestation: A bleary phenomenon
Authors: Veeraraghavan Vishnupriya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Malformations of the cortical system are associated with many neuropsychiatric manifestations. Gray matter heterotopia is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by the presence of normal gray matter neurons and glial cells, which are abnormally located in clusters within areas of white matter. Neurological manifestations such as seizure disorder, specific learning disability, intellectual disability, and stroke are the most common presentations. Psychiatric manifestations such as schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression although more common yet underreported or masked. Here, we present the report of a 17-year-old female with subependymal heterotopias, poor academic performance, and seizure disorder presenting with panic attacks.
Adrenal pheochromocytoma masquerading as a hydatid cyst: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Saxena Mehul , Roy Shubhajeet , Gaurav Kushagra , Anand Akshay , Rana Chanchal , Sonkar Abhinav Arun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydatid cysts, caused by Echinococcus larval infections, are common in certain regions. In an unusual medical case, a 26-year-old female with a hydatid cyst was unexpectedly found to have an adrenal pheochromocytoma, a rare tumour producing catecholamines. She initially complained of persistent, non-specific right upper abdominal pain. Imaging revealed a cystic lesion resembling a hydatid cyst. During surgery, unexpected arrhythmia and electrocardiographic changes led to the suspicion of acute coronary syndrome, halting the procedure. Further investigation revealed elevated urinary metanephrine levels and a suspicious soft-tissue mass, resulting in laparoscopic right adrenalectomy with hypertensive spikes. The patient was successfully managed, and post-operative examination confirmed the adrenal pheochromocytoma. Hydatid cysts usually present with non-specific symptoms and are diagnosed through imaging. Similarly, diagnosing cystic pheochromocytomas is challenging without typical symptoms, potentially leading to intraoperative complications. Misdiagnosed cases can result in hypertensive crises and hypotension, requiring specific management. Due to their variable presentation and rarity, pheochromocytomas are often misdiagnosed.
Determinants of Morbidities and Occupational Hazards among Scuba Divers in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Vincent Vivin , Ramakrishnan Kalyani , Singh Shivshankar , Shanmugam Jeevithan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Occupational health hazards pose significant risks in unique work environments such as scuba diving. This investigation aims to assess health profiles and occupational health determinants among scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among certified scuba instructors in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during 2022–2023 by using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was granted by the institutional ethical committee.

Results:
The study population comprised 423 male instructors with a mean age of 26.24 ± 4.71 years. They averaged 9 ± 5.2 years of diving experience and 4 ± 3.86 years as instructors. Physical injury underwater was the most prevalent hazard, experienced by 10.4% of participants. There was a positive correlation between the instructors’ knowledge of health and safety and their years of experience.

Conclusion:
The scuba instructors displayed elevated levels of anxiety and depression, likely due to the high risks associated with their job.
Training and Education for Dental Professionals on Tobacco Cessation
Authors: Rani Vishakha , Khosla Ritesh , Sharma Rohini , Kunsi Somanath R. , Chandran Thara , Ali Anzil K. S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tobacco use remains a major public health issue, contributing to numerous oral and systemic diseases. Dental professionals are in a unique position to offer tobacco cessation support, yet many lack adequate training and education in this area. This study evaluates the impact of a comprehensive training program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental professionals regarding tobacco cessation.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 dental professionals from various dental clinics participated in a six-month training program. The program included workshops, online modules, and practical sessions focused on tobacco cessation techniques, motivational interviewing, and patient education. Pre- and post-training surveys were administered to assess changes in knowledge, confidence, and frequency of tobacco cessation counseling. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Chi-square tests.

Results:
The training program significantly improved the participants’ knowledge of tobacco cessation (mean score increased from 60% to 85%, P < 0.001) and their confidence in providing cessation counseling (mean confidence rating increased from 3.2 to 4.5 on a 5-point scale, P < 0.001). Additionally, the frequency of tobacco cessation interventions in dental practices increased by 40% post-training (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Comprehensive training and education programs can substantially enhance the ability of dental professionals to support tobacco cessation. Such initiatives not only improve the knowledge and confidence of dental practitioners but also lead to more frequent and effective tobacco cessation interventions in clinical practice.