bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Single‐Photon Emission by Quantum Dot/Polymer Hybrid Particles
Authors: Negele Carla , Haase Johannes , Budweg Arne , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Mecking Stefan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractColloidal quantum dots are well‐established probes for quantum optical experiments. However, they possess a limited stability toward their environment. Herein, the generation of hybrid particles composed of a high optical quality quantum dot centered in a polymer particle by means of a miniemulsion polymerization procedure is reported. This embedding strongly enhances emission intensity and photochemical stability of these single‐photon emitters. At the same time, their colloidal mobile nature is not compromised.magnified image
Increased rate of sporadic and recurrent rare genic copy number variants in Parkinson's disease among Ashkenazi Jews
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Cheng Rong , Ye Xin , Verbitsky Miguel , Kisselev Sergey , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Louis Elan D. , Cote Lucien J. , Andrews Howard F. , Waters Cheryl H. , Ford Blair , Fahn Stanley , Marder Karen , Lee Joseph H. , Clark Lorraine N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo date, only one genome‐wide study has assessed the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs) to Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a genome‐wide scan for CNVs in a case–control dataset of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) origin (268 PD cases and 178 controls). Using high‐confidence CNVs, we examined the global genome wide burden of large (≥100 kb) and rare (≤1% in the dataset) CNVs between cases and controls. A total of 986 such CNVs were observed in our dataset of 432 subjects. Overall global burden analyses did not reveal significant differences between cases and controls in CNV rate, distribution of deletions or duplications or number of genes affected by CNVs. Overall deletions (total CNV size and ≥2× frequency) were found 1.4 times more often in cases than in controls (P = 0.019). The large CNVs (≥500 kb) were also significantly associated with PD (P = 0.046, 1.24‐fold higher in cases than in controls). Global burden was elevated for rare CNV regions. Specifically, for OVOS2 on Chr12p11.21, CNVs were observed only in PD cases (n = 7) but not in controls (P = 0.028) and this was experimentally validated. A total of 81 PD cases carried a rare genic CNV that was absent in controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified ATXN3, FBXW7, CHCHD3, HSF1, KLC1, and MBD3 in the same disease pathway with known PD genes.
Planktonic foraminiferal area density as a proxy for carbonate ion concentration: A calibration study using the Cariaco Basin ocean time series
Authors: Marshall Brittney J. , Thunell Robert C. , Henehan Michael J. , Astor Yrene , Wejnert Katherine E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiweekly sediment trap samples and concurrent hydrographic measurements collected between March 2005 and October 2008 from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, are used to assess the relationship between [CO32−] and the area densities (ρA) of two species of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber (pink) and Globigerinoides sacculifer). Calcification temperatures were calculated for each sample using species‐appropriate oxygen isotope (δ18O) temperature equations that were then compared to monthly temperature profiles taken at the study site in order to determine calcification depth. Ambient [CO32−] was determined for these calcification depths using alkalinity, pH, temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration measurements taken during monthly hydrographic cruises. The ρA, which is representative of calcification efficiency, is determined by dividing individual foraminiferal shell weights (±0.43 µg) by their associated silhouette areas and taking the sample average. The results of this study show a strong correlation between ρA and ambient [CO32−] for both G. ruber and G. sacculifer (R2 = 0.89 and 0.86, respectively), confirming that [CO32−] has a pronounced effect on the calcification of these species. Though the ρA for both species reveal a highly significant (p < 0.001) relationship with ambient [CO32−], linear regression reveals that the extent to which [CO32−] influences foraminiferal calcification is species specific. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that other environmental parameters (temperature and [PO43−]) do not confound the use of G. ruber and G. sacculifer ρA as a predictor for [CO32−]. This study suggests that G. ruber and G. sacculifer ρA can be used as reliable proxies for past surface ocean [CO32−].
In Situpolymerization functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with polystyrene
Authors: Kayatin Matthew J. , Davis Virginia A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThein situpolymerization functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with polystyrene (PS) is demonstrated utilizing stabilized nanotubes reduced by dissolution of excess lithium in ammonia. Short PS chains are tethered to SWNT sidewalls to facilitate a robust compatibilization strategy for nanotube dispersion. To augment extents of functionalization, while maintainingin situdispersion stability, the effects of multiple monomer addition steps and varied carbon to lithium ratio are studied. The developed functionalization scheme is also effective for the reductive alkylation of SWNT with dodecyl surface groups. By studying the dodecylated SWNT, the molecular weight of grafted PS chains is estimated. The discovery of a general experimental artifact has implications for all functionalization routes utilizing reduction with lithium in ammonia. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3716–3725
The effect of microwave irradiation on the kinetics and activation thermodynamics of ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Yamada Shinji , Takasu Akinori , Kawamura Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe examined the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in toluene between 50 and 70 °C, and catalyzed by some Lewis and Brønsted acids to investigate the effects of microwave versus conventional heating on the kinetics and activation thermodynamics of the reaction. The polymerizations proceeded more rapidly when microwave heating, instead of conventional heating, was used to control the temperature. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymer could be controlled even when microwave heating was used. To identify which thermodynamic activation constants were responsible for the accelerated polymerizations, we performed the reaction at different temperatures to obtain data for the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. Although the values for the activation energies and the activation enthalpies were larger when microwave heating rather than conventional heating was used, the frequency factors and the activation entropies (ΔS‡) over compensated for the less favorable activation energies and enthalpies. The more favorable ΔG‡ found for the microwave‐assisted polymerizations mainly reflect the larger ΔS‡ values, and the rate accelerations appear to be a consequence of differently arranged intermediates and/or transition states. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3732–3739
Thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers via In Situ RAFT copolymerization of peg‐based monomethacrylate and dimethacrylate monomers
Authors: Tai Hongyun , Tochwin Anna , Wang Wenxin 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHere we report the preparation of PEG‐based thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers via a facile in situ reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization using bis(thiobenzoyl) disulphide to form 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate in situ. This novel one‐pot in situ RAFT approach was studied firstly using methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, then was used to prepare thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers by copolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA, Mn = 475), poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGMA, Mn = 375) and up to 30 % of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the branching agent. The resultant PEGMEMA‐PPGMA‐EGDMA copolymers from in situ RAFT were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and 1H‐NMR analysis. The results confirmed the copolymers with multiple methacrylate groups and hyperbranched structure as well as RAFT functional residues. These water‐soluble copolymers with tailored compositions demonstrated tuneable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) from 22 °C to 32 °C. The phase transition temperature can be further altered by post functionalization via aminolysis of RAFT agent residues in polymer chains. Moreover, it was demonstrated by rheological studies and particle size measurements that these copolymers can form either micro‐ or macro photocrosslinked gels at suitable concentrations due to the presence of multiple methacrylate groups. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3751–3761
A study of the effects of thiols on the frontal polymerization and pot life of multifunctional acrylate systems with cumene hydroperoxide
Authors: Morales Alejandra , Pojman John A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn an effort to create frontal polymerization systems with a “fail‐safe” curing mechanism, we studied the effects of thiols on the thermal frontal polymerization velocity and pot life of a mixture of a multifunctional acrylate, kaolin clay (filler), and cumene hydroperoxide with either trimethylolpropane tris(3‐mercaptopropionate) or 1‐dodecanethiol (DDT). The acrylates were trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate, 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate, and di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Without a thiol, frontal polymerization did not occur. The front velocity increased with the concentration of either thiol, which has not been observed with peroxide initiators. The use of DDT yielded longer pot lives than the trithiol. The front velocities were inversely related to the pot lives. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3850–3855
All‐optically induced ultrafast currents: Beyond the continuous‐wave limit
Authors: Priyadarshi Shekhar , Pierz Klaus , Bieler Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe observe a new type of optically induced linear‐photogalvanic current in GaAs quantum wells which only exists if the linear polarization of the excitation pulse slowly rotates versus time and if the response of the coherent polarization is non‐instantaneous. The current vanishes in the continuous‐wave limit. Microscopically, it results from a phase mismatch of two orthogonal transition dipole moments. Macroscopically, the current can be linked to an antisymmetric tensor element and, thus, it is different than previously known linear‐photogalvanic currents which are linked to symmetric tensor elements. Our observations of asymmetric response tensors provide the possibility for simultaneous coherent control of commutative and anti‐commutative operations with respect to two time‐delayed pulses. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Blue lasing and strong coupling in ZnSe monolithic microcavities
Authors: Sebald K. , Seyfried M. , Klembt S. , Kruse C. , Aschenbrenner T. , Hommel D. , Bley S. , Rosenauer A. , Gutowski J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMicrocavity structures which consist of a cavity formed by two distributed Bragg reflectors can be used to study light‐matter interaction in the weak and strong coupling regime. In this contribution microcavities with one or three ZnSe quantum wells embedded into the cavity are presented. In contrast to the sample with the single quantum well, strong light‐matter coupling can be observed for that one with three quantum wells.The sample possesses an energy splitting of about 19meV between the upper and lower polariton branch observed by reflectivity measurements. In addition, the transition from strong to weak coupling and the starting of the photonic lasing is demonstrated by excitation density dependent measurements. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of maternal blood cell‐free DNA testing in early screening for aneuploidies
Authors: Gil M. M. , Quezada M. S. , Bregant B. , Ferraro M. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of routine maternal blood cell‐free (cf) DNA testing in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 at 10 weeks' gestation.MethodIn this prospective study, women attending The Fetal Medicine Centre in London, UK, between October 2012 and April 2013, with singleton pregnancy and live fetus with CRL 32–45 mm, were screened for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by cfDNA testing at 10 weeks and the combined test at 12 weeks.ResultscfDNA testing was performed in 1005 singleton pregnancies with a median maternal age of 37 (range, 20–49) years. Risks for trisomies were provided for 957 (95.2%) cases and in 98.0% these were available within 14 days from sampling. In 48 (4.8%) cases no result was provided due to problems with delivery to the laboratory, low fetal fraction or assay failure. Repeat sampling was performed in 40 cases and a result obtained in 27 (67.5%) of these. In 11 cases the risk score for trisomy 21 and in five cases that for trisomy 18 was > 99%, in one the risk for trisomy 13 was 34% and in 968 the risk for each of the three trisomies was < 0.01%. The suspected trisomies were confirmed by karyotyping after chorionic villus sampling (CVS), except in one case of trisomy 18 in which the karyotype was normal. On the basis of the maternal age distribution of the study population, the expected and observed numbers for each of the three trisomies were similar. Both cfDNA and combined testing detected all trisomies, but the estimated false‐positive rates (FPR) were 0.1% and 3.4%, respectively.ConclusionRoutine screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by cfDNA testing at 10 weeks is feasible and has a lower FPR than does combined testing, but abnormal results require confirmation by CVS. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Deviance from truth: Telemetry location errors erode both precision and accuracy of habitat‐selection models
Authors: Morehouse Andrea T. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRadiocollars are an increasingly important tool in wildlife research. Yet, as with all remotely compiled data, measurement error is inherent in the technology. We directly compare radiocollars with low measurement error (Global Positioning System [GPS]) with radiocollars with high measurement error (Argos satellite). Specifically, we compare how differences in precision between GPS and Argos satellite technologies affect the estimation of resource selection functions (RSFs). We estimated RSF models from GPS and Argos satellite radiocollar data collected in December 2008 through April 2009 from wolves within the same pack in southwestern Alberta, Canada, and used Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) to identify the most parsimonious models. In general, β coefficients were closer to zero and coefficients of variation were higher for models estimated using Argos data. But even more serious, AIC identified different top models between the Argos and GPS data sets because measurement error alone can induce attenuation bias, which leads to erroneous conclusions on selection of habitats. GPS radiocollar data were more precise and more accurate, resulting in RSF models that were a better representation of true habitat selection by each wolf pack. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Lithium Mobility in the Stannides Li2CuSn2 and Li2AgSn2
Authors: Winter Florian , Dupke Sven , Eckert Hellmut , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe stannides Li2CuSn2 and Li2AgSn2 were synthesized by induction‐melting (or in a muffle furnace) of the elements in sealed niobium ampoules. The new phases were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction. The structures of both stannides were investigated by X‐ray diffraction on single crystals: Li2AuSn2 type, I41/amd, a = 442.6(1), c = 1940.9(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0742, 310 F2 values for Li2CuSn2 and a = 456.33(9) c = 2018.2(6) pm, wR2 = 0.0626, 339 F2 values for Li2AgSn2 with 10 variables for each refinement. The transition metal (T) atoms have tetrahedral tin coordination. The TSn4 tetrahedra are condensed via common corners forming layers that are further condensed by Sn–Sn bonding, leading to three‐dimensional [CuSn2] and [AgSn2] networks which leave distorted hexagonal channels for the lithium atoms. The lithium ions show considerable mobility, with activation energies of 0.29 and 0.47 eV extracted from variable temperature 7Li solid state NMR spectra. 119Sn Mössbauer spectra at 78 K show signals at isomer shifts of δ = 2.13(1) mm s–1 for Li2CuSn2 and δ = 2.07(1) mm s–1 for Li2AgSn2. The signals show electric quadrupolar splitting because of the non spherical environment of the tin nuclei. A minor impurity of β‐Sn could be identified in both spectra.
Correlates of bullying behaviors among a sample of North American Indigenous adolescents
Authors: Melander Lisa A. , Sittner Hartshorn Kelley J. , Whitbeck Les B. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between familial, educational, and psychosocial factors and bullying among 702 North American Indigenous adolescents aged 11–14 years. The study used multinomial logistic regression models to differentiate correlates of bully perpetration and victimization versus being neither and between being a perpetrator versus being a victim. Analyses reveal that being a bully victim had different correlates than being a perpetrator. Perceived discrimination was associated with increased odds of being either a victim or a perpetrator, relative to being neither. Several factors differentiated being a bully perpetrator from being a bully victim: adolescent age, parental warmth and support, depressive symptoms, anger, and school adjustment. These findings expand upon the limited understanding of the factors associated with bullying among North American Indigenous youth. Bullying intervention and prevention programs that target Indigenous adolescents should be culturally grounded and begin early within the family.
Patterns of recurrence and second primary tumors in oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery alone
Authors: Liu Chih‐Hsien , Chen Han‐Ju , Wang Pa‐Chun , Chen Huan‐Sen , Chang Yen‐Liang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to review the recurrence patterns and incidence of second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who underwent surgery alone without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Data on patients recorded in the head and neck cancer registry of Cathay General Hospital were reviewed. A total of 72 patients with T1‐3N0 OSCC who underwent surgery alone were included. Among the 72 patients, 44 had T1 tumors, 22 had T2 tumors, and 6 had T3 tumors. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 77.3%, the recurrence‐free survival rate was 74.1%, and the SPT‐free survival rate was 73%. Eighteen (25%) patients had disease recurrence (regional recurrence in nine patients, local recurrence in seven patients, and locoregional recurrence in two patients). Most patients with local recurrence alone (6/7 patients, 85.7%) could be salvaged with treatment. However, locoregional control was obtained in only five (45.5%) of 11 patients with neck recurrence after surgical salvage therapy. At the time of analysis, 20 patients developed SPTs, and 15 (75%) of the SPTs were in the oral cavity. The annual incidence of SPT was 5%. Neck recurrence and SPT were associated with 48.4% and 24.4% lower 5‐year OS rates, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that neck recurrence was a significant risk factor for low OS (p = 0.008). Neck recurrence was the most important prognostic factor for OS. The incidence of SPT development was high. Regular and long‐term monitoring for recurrence and development of SPTs is necessary to improve the survival rate.
Sudden death after medullary infarction—A case report
Authors: Wang Yuh‐Jen , Hu Han‐Hwa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSudden death in a stable medullary infarction case frequently induces legal problems. Currently, the etiology of the most reported cases are not known because autopsy is rare. Here, we report one female patient with medullary infarction who experienced a sudden cardiopulmonary arrest during a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. The blood flow changes on the MRI indicated that her death resulted from the sudden collapse of systemic circulation. Dysautonomia, or sudden respiratory arrest resulting from brainstem dysfunction, was suspected. In this report, we present her cranial MRI findings and discuss the possible pathophysiology after reviewing the relevant literature. We also recommend certain tests for patients with medullary infarction to prevent the risk of sudden unexpected deaths.
ON NONINNER AUTOMORPHISMS OF FINITE NONABELIAN -GROUPS
Authors: GHORAISHI S. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA long-standing conjecture asserts that every finite nonabelian $p$-group has a noninner automorphism of order $p$. In this paper the verification of the conjecture is reduced to the case of $p$-groups $G$ satisfying ${ Z}_{2}^{\star } (G)\leq {C}_{G} ({ Z}_{2}^{\star } (G))= \Phi (G)$, where ${ Z}_{2}^{\star } (G)$ is the preimage of ${\Omega }_{1} ({Z}_{2} (G)/ Z(G))$ in $G$. This improves Deaconescu and Silberberg’s reduction of the conjecture: if ${C}_{G} (Z(\Phi (G)))\not = \Phi (G)$, then $G$ has a noninner automorphism of order $p$ leaving the Frattini subgroup of $G$ elementwise fixed [‘Noninner automorphisms of order $p$ of finite $p$-groups’, J. Algebra 250 (2002), 283–287].
Amla (Emblica officinalisGaertn.) extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced procoagulant and pro-inflammatory factors in cultured vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Pradyumna Rao Theertham , Okamoto Takayuki , Akita Nobuyuki , Hayashi Tatsuya , Kato-Yasuda Naomi , Suzuki Koji 
Published: June 2013

Amla (Emblica officinalisGaertn.) has been used for many centuries in traditional Indian Ayurvedic formulations for the prevention and treatment of many inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties of amla fruit extract. The amla fruit extract potentially and significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue factor expression and von Willebrand factor release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)in vitroat clinically relevant concentrations (1–100 μg/ml). In a leucocyte adhesion model of inflammation, it also significantly decreased LPS-induced adhesion of human monocytic cells (THP-1) to the HUVEC, as well as reduced the expression of endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) in the target cells. In addition, thein vivoanti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in a LPS-induced endotoxaemia rat model. Oral administration of the amla fruit extract (50 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. These results suggest that amla fruit extract may be an effective anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agent.