bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers among international colorectal cancer patients: a pilot study
Authors: Ulrich Cornelia M. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Siegel Erin M. , Brenner Hermann , Chang-Claude Jenny , Abbenhardt Clare , Kotzmann Jana , Song Xiaoling , Owen Robert W. , Hoffmeister Michael , Becher Heiko , Shibata David , Vickers Kathy , Rush Shannon K. , Makar Karen , Würtele Gerd , Haubner Roswitha , Sellers Thomas A. , Grady William 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVitamin D and folate are associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk and their association with colorectal cancer prognosis is under investigation. We assessed the levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), folate and vitamin B12 in an international pilot study in order to determine variability of these biomarkers based on geographical location. Plasma 25(OH)D3, folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured in 149 invasive, newly diagnosed colorectal cancer cases from Heidelberg (Germany), Seattle (WA, USA), and Tampa (FL, USA) and in ninety-one age- and sex-matched controls. Their associations with potential predictors were assessed using multivariate linear regression analyses. Plasma 25(OH)D3, folate and vitamin B12 concentrations differed by location. Other predictors were season for 25(OH)D3 and tumour stage (vitamin B12). Season-corrected average 25(OH)D3 concentrations were higher in Heidelberg (31·7 ng/ml; range 11·0–83·0 ng/ml) than in Seattle (23·3 ng/ml; range 4·0–80·0 ng/ml) and Tampa (21·1 ng/ml; range 4·6–51·6 ng/ml). In Heidelberg, a strong seasonal variation was observed. Folate (11·1 ng/ml) and vitamin B12 (395 pg/ml) concentrations in Heidelberg were lower than those in Seattle (25·3 ng/ml and 740 pg/ml, respectively) and Tampa (23·8 ng/ml and 522 pg/ml, respectively). Differences in plasma 25(OH)D3 and folate concentrations between Heidelberg and the US sites were observed, probably reflecting variation in outdoor activities and sun-avoidance behaviour during summer as well as in folic acid fortification and supplement use. Intra-site differences at each study location were greater than between-location variability, suggesting that individual health behaviours play a significant role. Nevertheless, the intra-site differences we observed may be due to chance because of the limited sample size. Our pilot study illustrates the value of an international cohort in studying colorectal cancer prognosis to discern geographical differences in a broad range of exposures.
Industrial research at the Eastern Telegraph Company, 1872–1929
Authors: NOAKES RICHARD 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBy the late nineteenth century the submarine telegraph cable industry, which had blossomed in the 1850s, had reached what historians regard as technological maturity. For a host of commercial, cultural and technical reasons, the industry seems to have become conservative in its attitude towards technological development, which is reflected in the small scale of its staff and facilities for research and development. This paper argues that the attitude of the cable industry towards research and development was less conservative and altogether more complex than historians have suggested. Focusing on the crucial case of the Eastern Telegraph Company, the largest single operator of submarine cables, it shows how the company encouraged inventive activity among outside and in-house electricians and, in 1903, established a small research laboratory where staff and outside scientific advisers pursued new methods of cable signalling and cable designs. The scale of research and development at the Eastern Telegraph Company, however, was small by comparison with that of its nearest competitor, Western Union, and dwarfed by that of large electrical manufacturers. This paper explores the reasons for this comparatively weak provision but also suggests that this was not inappropriate for a service-sector firm.
Listening for the Lex Orandi: The Constructed Theology of Contemporary Worship Events
Authors: Holmes Stephen R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractScholarly attention to the popular style of contemporary worship has so far been infrequent, and generally dismissive. Dismissive attitudes have generally been based on claims that individual contemporary worship songs are lacking in theological development, and that contemporary worship merely apes the mores of pop culture, replacing a proper liturgical event with something akin to a rock concert. In this paper I suggest that both these criticisms are false. The first is a misunderstanding of the nature of the liturgical tradition of contemporary worship, in which the crucial liturgical event is the ‘time of worship’, constructed out of a number of songs and other liturgical elements, which together construct a liturgical narrative with theological and pastoral depth; criticising individual songs is therefore largely irrelevant. The second fails to pay attention to the nuanced negotiation with popular culture that is evident in the tradition of contemporary worship, when observed carefully; dominant cultural practices are not unreflectively adopted, but modified and, if embraced, embraced critically and put to use. I demonstrate these two points by offering readings of two (video recordings of) contemporary worship events, Matt Redman's Facedown DVD and Tim Hughes's Happy Day DVD; in each case I explore the ways in which cultural practices are modified and effectively subverted in pursuit of a liturgical goal, and offer a theological reading of the narrative of the time of worship. I propose that, whilst there are significant differences, both can be seen to be liturgically responsible and theologically deep experiences of worship.
Thinking about Roman Imperialism: Postcolonialism, Globalisation and Beyond?
Authors: Gardner Andrew 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor the last twenty years or so, archaeologists of Roman Britain, among other provinces, have been seeking ways of moving beyond the concept of ‘Romanisation’ as a framework for thinking about Roman imperialism. Many of the ideas proposed have been drawn from two related bodies of thought which have emerged as ways of understanding the contemporary world: postcolonialism and globalisation theory. While achieving significant success in transforming interpretations of the Roman world, applications of these approaches present some fresh problems of theoretical and practical coherence. These in turn point to important issues to do with the role of theory in Roman archaeology, issues which have rarely been tackled head-on but which present obstacles to interdisciplinary dialogue. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the perspectives of postcolonial and globalisation theories, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and suggest some possibilities for linking the insights of these and other approaches to define a more holistic agenda for Roman archaeology.
The internationalization of musical life at the end of the nineteenth century in modernized Paris and Rome
Authors: ZUR NIEDEN GESA 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:This article examines the relationship between the processes of urban renovation in European capitals and the internationalization of musical theatre productions, using the example of theatres constructed in Paris and Rome at the end of the nineteenth century. Due to the limited availability of governmental and municipal funding, the more popular theatres in both capitals came to provide an important space for musical productions on an avant-garde level, with international repertoires and casts.
Pandering to Ignorance on Climate Change: Lessons from an Investment Strategist
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn investment strategist recently published, in the journal Nature, an impassioned plea to all scientists that they must begin to speak out on the resource crisis exacerbated by global warming. In this Editorial response, the author reminds health professionals that they can no longer stay silent and pander to the ignorance of others, and challenges them, along with multidisciplinary partners and stakeholders, to define a strong collaborative and cooperative stance on climate change.Burkle FM Jr. Pandering to ignorance on climate change: lessons from an investment strategist. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(4):1-2.
Fisheries subsidies and potential catch loss in SIDS Exclusive Economic Zones: food security implications
Authors: Sumaila U. Rashid , Dyck Andrew , Cheung William W.L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe study the effects of providing subsidies to the fisheries in small island developing states (SIDS), where fisheries are important to both the food security and livelihoods of the populations. By analyzing data on current and potential catch and computing the potential catch losses from the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of SIDS, we find that, collectively, SIDS have currently overfished their waters to the extent that their current catch is just under 50 per cent of the maximum catch potential. This catch loss results in direct and indirect food security impacts in terms of losses in healthy, varied and nutrient-rich food, revenues, incomes and economic impacts in SIDS. Our results also demonstrate that capacity-enhancing subsidies contribute to overfishing while the effect of good subsidies is unclear and needs further analysis.
Charcoal production and household welfare in Uganda: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Ainembabazi John Herbert , Shively Gerald , Angelsen Arild 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious research suggests that forest-dependent households tend to be poorer than other groups, and that extreme reliance on forest resources might constitute a poverty trap. We provide an example in which a non-timber forest product – charcoal – appears to be providing a pathway out of poverty for some rural households in Uganda. Data come from households living adjacent to natural forests, some of whom engage in charcoal production. We use a semi-parametric method to identify the determinants of participation in charcoal production and a quantile regression decomposition to measure the heterogeneous effect of participation on household income. We find that younger households and those with few productive assets are more likely to engage in charcoal production. We also show that, as a result of their participation, charcoal producers are better off than non-charcoal producers in terms of income, even though they are worse off in terms of productive assets.
Specifications for Hard Condensed Matter Specimens for Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Tomographies
Authors: Bleuet P. , Audoit G. , Barnes J.-P. , Bertheau J. , Dabin Y. , Dansas H. , Fabbri J.-M. , Florin B. , Gergaud P. , Grenier A. , Haberfehlner G. , Lay E. , Laurencin J. , Serra R. , Villanova J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTomography is a standard and invaluable technique that covers a large range of length scales. It gives access to the inner morphology of specimens and to the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of physical quantities such as elemental composition, crystalline phases, oxidation state, or strain. These data are necessary to determine the effective properties of investigated heterogeneous media. However, each tomographic technique relies on severe sampling conditions and physical principles that require the sample to be adequately shaped. For that purpose, a wide range of sample preparation techniques is used, including mechanical machining, polishing, sawing, ion milling, or chemical techniques. Here, we focus on the basics of tomography that justify such advanced sample preparation, before reviewing and illustrating the main techniques. Performances and limits are highlighted, and we identify the best preparation technique for a particular tomographic scale and application. The targeted tomography techniques include hard X-ray micro- and nanotomography, electron nanotomography, and atom probe tomography. The article mainly focuses on hard condensed matter, including porous materials, alloys, and microelectronics applications, but also includes, to a lesser extent, biological considerations.
Yet Another Nail in the Coffin of Zeroing: United States – Anti-Dumping Administrative Reviews and Other Measures Related to Imports of Certain Orange Juice from Brazil
Authors: SAGGI KAMAL , WU MARK 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes Brazil's WTO challenge to the methods undertaken by the United States in calculating anti-dumping duties in administrative reviews and other investigations of Brazilian orange juice. The dispute resulted in a Panel ruling that conforms with earlier Appellate Body decisions outlawing the use of ‘weighted average to transaction’ zeroing in such reviews. However, we note that the Panel's stance was driven largely from a desire to preserve ‘stability and predictability’ within the system, suggesting a practical recognition of the shadow of past Appellate Body decisions on the same legal question. In addition, we argue that to understand fully the effects of zeroing, it is important to account for the underlying reasons behind observed price changes in the market. We show that zeroing is more likely to convert a negative dumping determination into a positive one when price changes are driven by variations in demand relative to when they are driven by variations in the cost of exporting. In the present case, Brazilian exporters of orange juice experienced an increase in (residual) demand for their product since, by reducing the local supply of round oranges, adverse weather conditions in the United States made it difficult for US orange-juice producers to meet local demand.
Generation of periodic travelling waves in cyclic populations by hostile boundaries
Authors: Sherratt Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2013

Many recent datasets on cyclic populations reveal spatial patterns with the form of periodic travelling waves (wavetrains). Mathematical modelling has identified a number of potential causes of this spatial organization, one of which is a hostile habitat boundary. In this paper, the author investigates the member of the periodic travelling wave family selected by such a boundary in models of reaction–diffusion type. Using a predator–prey model as a case study, the author presents numerical evidence that the wave generated by a hostile (zero-Dirichlet) boundary condition is the same as that generated by fixing the population densities at their coexistence steady-state levels. The author then presents analysis showing that the two waves are the same, in general, for oscillatory reaction–diffusion models with scalar diffusion close to Hopf bifurcation. This calculation yields a general formula for the amplitude, speed and wavelength of these waves. By combining this formula with established results on periodic travelling wave stability, the author presents a division of parameter space into regions in which a hostile boundary will generate periodic travelling waves, spatio-temporal disorder or a mixture of the two.
‘If you feel that nobody wants you you'll withdraw into your own’: Gypsies/Travellers, networks and healthcare utilisation
Authors: Smith David , Ruston Annmarie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGypsies and Travellers are the unhealthiest group in British society, suffering from higher levels of physical and mental illness, lower life expectancy and with low levels of healthcare utilisation. They also continue to experience the highest level of prejudice and discrimination in society. While studies indicate that social networks play an important role in shaping health beliefs and the response to symptoms, evidence on the influence of networks on health is unclear and contradictory. This article draws on social network theory and research into the relation between discrimination and health to critically examine how networks mediate between collective experiences of racism and health‐related behavior. Qualitative interviews with 39 adult Gypsies and Travellers were conducted in the South‐East of England to explore the wider structural and institutional context and the influence those contexts play in shaping health beliefs and decisions whether to access formal health services. The findings indicate that the influence networks play in shaping health behaviour is dependent on the particular social context of the group and its status in relation to wider social structures, making generalization problematic.
Undoing gender? The case of complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Brenton Joslyn , Elliott Sinikka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDespite a rich body of sociological research that examines the relationship between gender and health, scholars have paid little attention to the case of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). One recent study (Sointu 2011) posits that men and women who use CAM challenge traditional ascriptions of femininity and masculinity through the exploration of self‐care and emotions, respectively. Drawing on 25 in‐depth interviews with middle‐class Americans who use CAM, this article instead finds that men and women interpret their CAM use in ways that reproduce traditional gendered identities. Men frame their CAM use in terms of science and rationality, while simultaneously distancing themselves from feminine‐coded components of CAM, such as emotions. Women seek CAM for problems such as abusive relationships, low self‐esteem, and body image concerns, and frame their CAM use as a quest for self‐reinvention that largely reflects and reproduces conventional femininity. Further, the reproduction of gendered identities is shaped by the participants' embrace of neoliberal tenets, such as the cultivation of personal control. This article contributes to ongoing theoretical debates about the doing, redoing and undoing of gender, as well as the literature on health and gender.
Hidden acidosis: an explanation of acid–base and lactate changes occurring in umbilical cord blood after delayed sampling
Authors: Mokarami P , Wiberg N , Olofsson P 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the ‘hidden acidosis’ phenomenon, in which there is a washout of acid metabolites from peripheral tissues in both vaginal and abdominal deliveries, by investigating temporal umbilical cord blood acid–base and lactate changes after delayed blood sampling.DesignProspective comparative study.SettingUniversity hospital.SampleUmbilical cord blood from 124 newborns.MethodsArterial and venous cord blood was sampled immediately after birth (T0), and at 45 seconds (T45), from unclamped cords with intact pulsations taken from 66 neonates born vaginally and 58 neonates born via planned caesarean section at 36–42 weeks of gestation. Non‐parametric tests were used for statistical comparisons, with P < 0.05 considered significant.Main outcome measuresTemporal changes (T0–T45) in umbilical cord blood pH, the partial pressure of CO2 () and O2 (), and in the concentrations of lactate, haematocrit (Hct), and haemoglobin (Hb).ResultsIn both groups all arterial parameters, except for in the group delivered by caesarean section, changed significantly (pH decreased and the other variables increased). There were corresponding changes in venous acid–base parameters. When temporal arterial changes were compared between the two groups, the decrease in pH and increase in were more pronounced in the group delivered vaginally. Neonates born vaginally had significantly lower pH and higher lactate, Hct, and Hb concentrations at T0 and T45 in both the artery and the vein. At T45, arterial and levels in the group delivered vaginally were also significantly higher.ConclusionsDelayed umbilical cord sampling affected the acid–base balance and haematological parameters after both vaginal and caesarean deliveries, although the effect was more marked in the group delivered vaginally. The hidden acidosis phenomenon explains this change towards acidaemia and lactaemia. Arterial haemoconcentration was not the explanation of the acid–base drift.
Interobserver variability of radiation therapists aligning to fiducial markers for prostate radiation therapy
Authors: Deegan Timothy , Owen Rebecca , Holt Tanya , Roberts Lisa , Biggs Jennifer , McCarthy Alicia , Parfitt Matthew , Fielding Andrew 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionAs the use of fiducial markers (FMs) for the localisation of the prostate during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has become part of routine practice, radiation therapists (RTs) have become increasingly responsible for online image interpretation. The aim of this investigation was to quantify the limits of agreement (LoA) between RTs when localising to FMs with orthogonal kilovoltage (kV) imaging.MethodsSix patients receiving prostate EBRT utilising FMs were included in this study. Treatment localisation was performed using kV imaging prior to each fraction. Online stereoscopic assessment of FMs, performed by the treating RTs, was compared with the offline assessment by three RTs. Observer agreement was determined by pairwise Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsStereoscopic analysis of 225 image pairs was performed online at the time of treatment, and offline by three RT observers. Eighteen pairwise Bland‐Altman analyses were completed to assess the level of agreement between observers. Localisation by RTs was found to be within clinically acceptable 95% LoAs.ConclusionsSmall differences between RTs, in both the online and offline setting, were found to be within clinically acceptable limits. RTs were able to make consistent and reliable judgements when matching FMs on planar kV imaging.
Development of the first standardised panel of two new microsatellite multiplex PCRs for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: Lee‐Montero I. , Navarro A. , Borrell Y. , García‐Celdrán M. , Martín N. , Negrín‐Báez D. , Blanco G. , Armero E. , Berbel C. , Zamorano M. J. , Sánchez J. J. , Estévez A. , Ramis G. , Manchado M. , Afonso J. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe high number of multiplex PCRs developed for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from many different microsatellite markers does not allow comparison among populations. This highlights the need for developing a reproducible panel of markers, which can be used with safety and reliability by all users. In this study, the first standardised panel of two new microsatellite multiplex PCRs was developed for this species. Primers of 138 specific microsatellites from the genetic linkage map were redesigned and evaluated according to their genetic variability, allele size range and genotyping reliability. A protocol to identify and classify genotyping errors or potential errors was proposed to assess the reliability of each marker. Two new multiplex PCRs from the best assessed markers were designed with 11 markers in each, named SMsa1 and SMsa2 (SuperMultiplex Sparus aurata). Three broodstocks (59, 47 and 98 breeders) from different Spanish companies, and a sample of 80 offspring from each one, were analysed to validate the usefulness of these multiplexes in the parental assignation. It was possible to assign each offspring to a single parent pair (100% success) using the exclusion method with SMsa1 and/or SMsa2. In each genotyped a reference sample (Ref‐sa) was used, and its DNA is available on request similar to the kits of bin set to genotype by genemapper (v.3.7) software (kit‐SMsa1 and kit‐SMsa2). This will be a robust and effective tool for pedigree analysis or characterisation of populations and will be proposed as an international panel for this species.
Diet‐induced pigmented purpuric dermatosis
Authors: Weiß Katharina T. , Karrer Sigrid , Landthaler Michael , Babilas Philipp , Schreml Stephan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPigmented purpuric dermatoses (PPD) are chronic and relapsing disorders characterised by a localised or generalised purpuric rash. Even though the clinical presentation of PPD subtypes varies, they have a similar histopathology. The aetiology is largely unknown, but trigger factors, such as drugs, infections and systemic illnesses have been described. To our knowledge, this is the only case showing widespread PPD lesions not only induced but also rapidly provoked by dietary factors, namely Coca Cola and apple‐cherry fruit spritzer.