bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects in HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates
Authors: Izhnin I. , Izhnin A. , Savytskyy H. , Fitsych O. , Mikhailov N. , Varavin V. , Dvoretsky S. , Sidorov Yu. , Mynbaev K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Hall effect and photoluminescence measurements combined with annealing and/or ion milling were used to study the electrical and optical properties of HgCdTe films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates with ZnTe and CdTe buffer layers. Unintentional donor doping, likely from the substrate, which resulted in residual donor concentration of the order of 1015 cm−3, was observed in the films. Also, acceptor states, possibly related to structural defects, were observed.
Experimental analysis and simulation of effective factors on explosive forming of spherical vessel using prefabricated four cones vessel structures
Authors: Mehrasa Hossein , Liaghat Gholamhossein , Javabvar Dariush 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Construction of spherical vessel in various dimensions is known as one of the frequent problems for construction and production engineers, since conventional methods of shell construction require mold and press which leads to higher costs of production. Therefore, current work has tried to investigate a new method based on explosive forming without using molds. In this technique, final shape of the shell can be achieved by explosion inside a prefabricated structure called four cones. This structure is produced from combination and welding of four truncated cones two of which are paired in each side. Initial shape of the tank is then used to transform this structure into a more complete sphere using explosives at its center. This paper aims to study the amount of explosives needed for this process in terms of vessel’s diameter and thickness. In this regard, simulation was run by LS-DYNA software and the resultant outputs were evaluated with those of experimental tests. The results shows that the required charge of forming varies exponentially with thickness.
Dependence of the water retention curve of snow on snow characteristics
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Watanabe Kunio , Katsushima Takafumi , Sato Atsushi , Kumakura Toshiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe water retention curve (WRC), which shows the relationship between the volumetric liquid water content, θv, and suction, h, is a fundamental part of the characterization of hydraulic properties. Therefore, the formulation of the WRC as a function of snow characteristics is essential for establishing a model of water movement through the snow cover. In this study, we measured the WRC of several snow samples, which had different characteristics (grain size, bulk dry density and grain type), using a gravity drainage column experiment and then analysed these data using the Van Genuchten soil physics model (VG model). The shape of the WRC depended strongly on both the sample grain size, d, and bulk dry density, ρ. Therefore, we introduced the parameter ρ/d to model the WRC of snow. The relationships between the parameters α and n of the VG model and ρ/d change with grain type. For melt forms, α, which is related to the inverse value of the air-entry suction, increases quickly as ρ/d decreases, whereas n, which is related to the gradient of θv vs h, increases with ρ/d. Conversely, neither of these parameters of the VG model for rounded grains showed obvious dependence on ρ/d. These results suggest that water movement through snow cover can be modelled using grain size, bulk dry density and grain type based on the soil physics model.
Refinement of MPS method for practical application to snow avalanches
Authors: Saito Yoshihiko , Kato Hirotaka , Otsuki Masaya , Kimura Ichiro , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Isenko Evgeny 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper considers the possible commercial viability of applying the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method to avalanches. The MPS method is a powerful tool for reproducing the flow phenomenon with large-scale surface deformation. In order to apply this method to snow avalanches, we modified the original model to introduce constitutive equations of Bingham fluid, dilatant fluid and the erosion–deposition process. The modified model was applied to some cases and evaluated through comparison with experimental results and observed data.
Comparison of 18F‐FDG uptake by Right Ventricular Myocardium in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Fang Wei , Zhao Lan , Xiong Chang‐Ming , Ni Xin‐Hai , He Zuo‐Xiang , He Jian‐Guo , Wilkins Martin R. 
Published: September 2012

This study measured glucose uptake in the right ventricle (RV) of patients with pulmonary hypertension and investigated the relationship to hemodynamics and survival. Myocardial 18F‐fluorodeoxy‐glucose (FDG) uptake was measured using single‐photon positron emission tomography (SPECT) in 24 patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and 43 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). In both IPAH and CHD‐PAH, RV FDG uptake (RV/LV ratio) was associated with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). A second SPECT scan was performed in nine patients after 6 months treatment with sildenafil. PVR decreased from 1683±426 to 1207±383 dyn s−1 cm−5 (P < 0.05) and cardiac index improved from 2.2±0.2 to 2.8±0.5 L/min/m2 (P < 0.01). RV/LV FDG uptake decreased from 1.28±0.32 before treatment to 0.99±0.23 (P < 0.05). Survival in the IPAH group with a baseline RV/LV FDG uptake greater than the median value of 1.20 was significantly lower than that of the group with RV/LV FDG uptake below 1.20 (log‐rank test, P < 0.05). In contrast, baseline RV/LV FDG was of little informative value in CHD. FDG uptake by the RV reflects the severity of PVR in PAH. Increased RV FDG uptake is a marker of poor prognosis in IPAH and is reduced in patients receiving effective therapy. It could prove useful in the early clinical assessment of novel therapies for PAH.
Case Report Medical Eponyms
Authors: Guptha Munugoor Baskaran L.N. , Greco P.J. , Kaelber D.C. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryMedical eponyms are medical words derived from people’s names. Eponyms, especially similar sounding eponyms, may be confusing to people trying to use them because the terms themselves do not contain physiologically descriptive words about the condition they refer to. Through the use of electronic health records (EHRs), embedded applied clinical informatics tools including synonyms and pick lists that include physiologically descriptive terms associated with any eponym appearing in the EHR can significantly enhance the correct use of medical eponyms. Here we describe a case example of two similar sounding medical eponyms – Wegener’s disease and Wegner’s disease – which were confused in our EHR. We describe our solution to address this specific example and our suggestions and accomplishments developing more generalized approaches to dealing with medical eponyms in EHRs. Integrating brief physiologically descriptive terms with medical eponyms provides an applied clinical informatics opportunity to improve patient care.
Patients with sickle cell disease have increased sensitivity to cold and heat
Authors: Brandow Amanda M. , Stucky Cheryl L. , Hillery Cheryl A. , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) pain is associated with colder temperatures and touch and described as “cold,” “hot,” and “shooting” suggesting hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli. Sickle mice exhibit hypersensitivity to thermal (cold, heat) and mechanical stimuli compared to controls. It is unknown whether humans experience this same hypersensitivity. Thus, we quantified thermal and mechanical sensitivity differences between patients with SCD and controls. Our primary hypothesis was that patients with SCD will exhibit hypersensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli compared to race‐matched controls. Our secondary hypothesis was this hypersensitivity will be associated with older and female subjects, and with frequent pain and hemolysis in patients with SCD. A total of 55 patients and 57 controls ≥7 years completed quantitative sensory testing. Patients with SCD detected the sensation of cold and warm temperatures sooner as seen in their significantly lower median cold and heat detection thresholds [29.5°C vs. 28.6°C, P = 0.012 and 34.5°C vs. 35.3°C, P = 0.02] and experienced cold and heat pain sooner as seen in their significantly lower median cold and heat pain thresholds [21.1°C vs. 14.8°C, P = 0.01 and 42.7°C vs. 45.2°C, P = 0.04]. We found no mechanical threshold differences. Older age was associated with lower cold, heat, and mechanical pain thresholds in both groups. No association with pain, gender, or hemolysis was found. Patients with SCD exhibit hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli suggesting peripheral or central sensitization may exist and could contribute to SCD pain. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silane‐modified NaA zeolite/PAAS hybrid pervaporation membranes for the dehydration of ethanol
Authors: Wei Ping , Qu Xinying , Dong Hang , Zhang Lin , Chen Huanlin , Gao Congjie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo improve the pervaporation selectivity of poly(acrylic acid) sodium (PAAS) membranes incorporated with NaA zeolite, the interface compatibility between zeolite nanocrystals and the polymer matrix was improved by modifying NaA zeolite using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Both X‐ray photoelectron spectra and FTIR confirmed the chemical modification, while the results of zeolite particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed the improved dispersion of the modified zeolite. Transmission electron microscopy images of these hybrid membranes indicated that the interface between the polymer and modified zeolite phases had improved. The effects of loaded NaA zeolite on the pervaporation performance of hybrid membranes were investigated. The selectivity of hybrid membranes made from APTES‐modified zeolite was higher than that using the original zeolite under the same conditions, because fewer voids resulted from the incompatibility between the zeolite and PAAS and the structure was more homogenous. Based on the Arrhenius plots, the activation energies of water and the ethanol ratio were lower for modified zeolite hybrid membranes, because water molecules experienced less restrictive passage through the membranes compared with the original zeolite‐based hybrid membrane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Lightweight Model Predictive Controller For Repetitive Discrete Event Systems
Authors: Goto H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA lightweight model predictive controller for a class of discrete event systems is developed. The target is first in first out (FIFO) systems, in which the precedence relations are represented by a directed acyclic graph. Using max‐plus algebra, a system's behavior can be described by a set of linear equations referred to as the state space representation. Using this representation, we address the problem of adjusting system parameters and determining optimal control inputs for given reference signals. To determine system parameters, we formulate and solve an optimization problem using a branch‐and‐bound method, by which the number of constraints is reduced. Then, the optimal control inputs are determined. Since this part is often the bottleneck in online control, we propose two methods for the efficient computation thereof. The first method is beneficial for systems with sparse adjacency matrices and small‐scale systems with a greater prediction horizon. In contrast, the second approach is beneficial for larger‐scale systems with a smaller prediction horizon. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is verified through numerical simulations.
Application of aurintricarboxylic acid for the adherence of mouse P19 neurons and primary hippocampal neurons to noncoated surface in serum‐free culture
Authors: Lee Tsung‐Yih , Chen Wen‐Shin , Huang Yung‐An , Liu Ting‐Wei , Hwang Eric , Tseng Ching‐Ping 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDissociated primary neuron culture has been the most widely used model systems for neuroscience research. Most of these primary neurons are cultured on adhesion matrix‐coated surface to provide a proper environment for cell anchorage under serum‐free conditions. In this study, we provide an alternative technique to promote the adhesions of these neurons using aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a nonpeptide compound, without surface manipulations. We first demonstrated that ATA could promote Chinese hamster ovary cell attachment and proliferation in serum‐free medium in a dosage‐dependent manner. We later showed that ATA significantly enhanced the attachment of the retinoic acid differentiated P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma (P19) neurons, with an optimal concentration around 30 μg/mL. A similar result was seen in primary hippocampal neurons, with an optimal ATA concentration around 15 μg/mL. Further morphological assessments revealed that the average neurite length and neuronal polarization were almost identical to that obtained using a conventional method with poly‐L‐lysine surface. The advantages of using the ATA treatment technique for immunochemical analysis are discussed. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Pineapple stem bromelain immobilized on different supports: Catalytic properties in model wine
Authors: Ilaria Benucci , Marco Esti , Katia Liburdi , Maria Vittoria Garzillo Anna 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBromelain from pineapple stem has been covalently immobilized on different supports to select the more efficient biocatalyst that should be applied toward unstable proteins in real white wine. In this preliminary study, catalytic properties of different immobilized bromelain forms were compared under wine‐like conditions, against a synthetic substrate (Bz‐Phe‐Val‐Arg‐pNA).Covalent immobilization affected protease kinetic properties, even if all immobilized forms presented both a better substrate affinity and higher half‐life (with the exception of a few procedures) with respect to the free enzyme. Stem bromelain was successfully immobilized on chitosan beads without glutaraldehyde thus yielding a food‐safe and promising biocatalyst for unstable real wine future application. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Hydrodynamic characteristics and microalgae cultivation in a novel flat‐plate photobioreactor
Authors: Zhang Qing H. , Wu Xia , Xue Sheng Z. , Wang Zhi H. , Yan Cheng H. , Cong Wei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFlat‐plate photobioreactors (FPPBRs) are widely reported for cultivation of microalgae. In this work, a novel FPPBR mounted with inclined baffles was developed, which can make the fluid produce a “spirality” flow. The flow field and cell trajectory in the photobioreactor were investigated by using computational fluid dynamics. In addition, the cell trajectory was analyzed using a Fast Fourier transformation. The influence of height of the baffles, the angle α between the inclined baffle and fluid inlet flow direction (z), and the fluid inlet velocity on the frequency of flashing light effect and pressure drop were examined to optimize the structure parameters of the inclined baffles and operating conditions of the photobioreactor. The results showed that with inclined baffles built‐in, significant swirl flow could be generated in the FPPBR. In this way, the flashing light effect for microalgal cell could also be achieved and the photosynthesis efficiency of microalgae could be promoted. In outdoor cultivation of freshwater Chlorella sp., the maximum biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. cultivated in the photobioreactor with inclined baffles was 29.94% higher than that of the photobioreactor without inclined baffles. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013
Understanding consumer purchase of free‐of cosmetics: A value‐driven TRA approach
Authors: Hansen Torben , Risborg Marie Søndergaard , Steen Christina Donslund 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis study concerns the free‐of trend on the cosmetics market as expressed by a tendency among consumers to prefer cosmetics that are free of certain ingredients. Combining the Theory of Reasoned Action with a value‐driven approach, this study empirically investigates the association between consumers' personal values and their attitude and behaviour associated with purchasing free‐of cosmetics. A quantitative online survey of 250 Danish female consumers was conducted using self‐administering questionnaires. The findings indicate that consumers' willingness to purchase free‐of cosmetics (R² = .48) is both influenced by attitude (β = .65) and perceived subjective norm (β = .21) with attitude having the largest predictive power. Moreover, consumers' attitude towards willingness to purchase free‐of cosmetics seems to be value driven. Our results indicate that two values, self‐transcendence (β = .28) and self‐enhancement (β = −.21), significantly influence attitude towards free‐of cosmetics purchase (R² = .10). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoride Biomonitoring around a Large Aluminium Smelter Using Foliage from Different Tree Species
Authors: Rodriguez Judith Hebelen , Wannaz Eduardo Daniel , Pignata María Luisa , Fangmeier Andreas , Franzaring Jürgen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn order to study the pollution gradient in the vicinity of a large aluminium production facility in Patagonia (Argentina), a passive biomonitoring was performed employing foliage from three tree species. Primary scope was to identify pollution gradients and to select suitable tree species which can be used as biomonitor plants in the study area. Therefore, leaves of Eucalyptus rostrata, Populus hybridus and different needle ages of Pinus radiata were collected at different distances from the industry and the fluoride concentration was analysed in washed and unwashed samples in order to determine the amount of external fluoride. Washing reduced the F‐concentrations by 24, 39 and 51% on average in E. rostrata, P. hybridus and P. radiata, respectively, indicating that species‐specific characteristics determine the accumulation and wash‐off of dust‐associated fluorine. F‐concentrations varied from 6 to 3652 ppm F in unwashed samples indicating a steep pollution gradient in the study area. The influence of F‐emissions was discernible in all samples up to a distance of 3500 m from the smelter. E. rostrata accumulated more fluorine than the other species at equal distance from the emission source. The present study confirms that aluminium smelting results in high F deposition in the study area. Establishing a biomonitor network around large emitters is suitable and feasible to evaluate the efficiency of air control measures.
Stejskal–tanner equation derived in full
Authors: Kuchel Philip W. , Pagès Guilhem , Nagashima Kaz , Velan Sendhil , Vijayaragavan Vimalan , Nagarajan Vijayasarathi , Chuang Kai Hsiang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe pulsed field gradient spin‐echo nuclear magnetic resonance method is used to measure the translational diffusion of solvents and solutes in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. It is widely used in the characterization of molecules and materials in general, via phenomena such as ‘diffusion interference’. It is also the basis of tissue discrimination in magnetic resonance imaging, via diffusion tensor imaging. The mathematical equation used to analyze data from a simple noninteracting solute (using a pair of magnetic field gradient pulses that are applied in the experiment) was first derived by Stejskal and Tanner. However, in the article and in subsequent presentations the basic derivation, which we call the the “theoretical physics” of the theory, is not presented in extenso. Conversely, many papers in which the exploration of the effects of magnetic field gradient pulses of shapes other than simple rectangles generally begin with the time‐dependent integral that emerges from the original theoretical physics. To fill this “pedagogical gap” we use here a rigorous step‐by‐step approach to the theoretical physics of the Stejskal–Tanner equation and indicate how it was based on earlier theories. We also take the opportunity to indicate a contemporary approach to deriving new relationships between user‐defined magnetic field gradient pulse shapes and the diffusion coefficient; and we show how these can be rapidly and accurately derived using symbolic computation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 40A: 205–214, 2012.
Predictors of newly diagnosed cancer patients' understanding of the goals of their care at initiation of chemotherapy
Authors: Lennes Inga T. , Temel Jennifer S. , Hoedt Christen , Meilleur Ashley , Lamont Elizabeth B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The American Society of Clinical Oncology Quality Oncology Practice Initiative endorses in their core measures that providers should discuss the goals of care (GOC) at the time of chemotherapy consent. GOC refers to chemotherapy treatment intent: cure versus noncure. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether attributes of patients and initial patient‐physician encounters were associated with patients' understanding of their GOC.METHODS:In total, the authors surveyed 125 consecutive, newly diagnosed patients who were receiving chemotherapy for solid malignancies at a single academic cancer center and performed a medical record review for additional data. Patient understanding of their oncologist's GOC and oncologist's reported GOC were compared. The primary outcome was concordance of patient‐physician dyads regarding the GOC (cure vs noncure).RESULTS:One hundred twenty‐five of 137 of eligible patients (91%) completed the survey. Only 95 of 125 patient‐physician pairs (75%) patient‐physician pairs were concordant regarding the GOC. In a multivariable logistic regression, both older patients (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.08‐0.57) and non‐native English speakers had an almost 80% lower odds (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.05‐0.93) of GOC concordance compared with younger patients and native English speakers. Patients who received printed chemotherapy information during the patient‐physician consent process had almost 3 times greater odds (odds ratio, 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.24‐6.68) of GOC concordance with their physician compared with those who did not receive materials.CONCLUSIONS:Patient misunderstanding of GOC was substantial, with 25% of cancer patients misunderstanding the goal of their chemotherapy treatment. Key predictors of GOC misunderstanding included factors that potentially were amenable to interventions at the time of chemotherapy consent. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.