bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect on therapeutic ratio of planning a boosted radiotherapy dose to the dominant intraprostatic tumour lesion within the prostate based on multifunctional MR parameters
Authors: Riches S F , Payne G S , deSouza N M , Dearnaley D , Morgan V A , Morgan S C , Partridge M 
Published: March 2014

Objective:
To demonstrate the feasibility of an 8-Gy focal radiation boost to a dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL), identified using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and to assess the potential outcome compared with a uniform 74-Gy prostate dose.

Methods:
The DIL location was predicted in 23 patients using a histopathologically verified model combining diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, T 2 maps and three-dimensional MR spectroscopic imaging. The DIL defined prior to neoadjuvant hormone downregulation was firstly registered to MRI-acquired post-hormone therapy and subsequently to CT radiotherapy scans. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment was planned for an 8-Gy focal boost with 74-Gy dose to the remaining prostate. Areas under the dose–volume histograms (DVHs) for prostate, bladder and rectum, the tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) were compared with those of the uniform 74-Gy IMRT plan.

Results:
Deliverable IMRT plans were feasible for all patients with identifiable DILs (20/23). Areas under the DVHs were increased for the prostate (75.1 ± 0.6 vs 72.7 ± 0.3 Gy; p &lt; 0.001) and decreased for the rectum (38.2 ± 2.5 vs 43.5 ± 2.5 Gy; p &lt; 0.001) and the bladder (29.1 ± 9.0 vs 36.9 ± 9.3 Gy; p &lt; 0.001) for the boosted plan. The prostate TCP was increased (80.1 ± 1.3 vs 75.3 ± 0.9 Gy; p &lt; 0.001) and rectal NTCP lowered (3.84 ± 3.65 vs 9.70 ± 5.68 Gy; p = 0.04) in the boosted plan. The bladder NTCP was negligible for both plans.

Conclusion:
Delivery of a focal boost to an mpMRI-defined DIL is feasible, and significant increases in TCP and therapeutic ratio were found.

Advances in knowledge:
The delivery of a focal boost to an mpMRI-defined DIL demonstrates statistically significant increases in TCP and therapeutic ratio.
Foreword
Authors: Bull James R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The past 25 years have witnessed some quite extraordinary advances in the development and synthetic application of organometallic reagents and catalysts. This is reflected in the history of the conference series Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS), which has established itself as a popular and enduring international forum for presentation and discussion of mainstream developments and opportunities in this field.
The series was inaugurated in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA in 1981. Proceedings of the plenary program of that event were published in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC)
53(12), 1981, and the topic has since become a regular feature in the Journal, with the distinction of having recorded some of the seminal advances of the period. Indeed, as the OMCOS series has grown in support and stature over the years, it has played a leading role in a trend toward more in-depth coverage of the scientific proceedings of selected IUPAC-sponsored conferences. There is encouraging evidence that this practice has the benefit of extending publication opportunities to the rising younger generation of scientists, thereby broadening and enriching the more traditional coverage of plenary proceedings, and adding value to the published record.
It is perhaps unsurprising that OMCOS has emerged as one of the leading series in the calendar of regular, IUPAC-sponsored conferences. How do we know that? Obviously, the committed participation of a succession of enthusiastic organizers and contributors, and consistently high attendance figures over the years, support this contention. More convincingly, the series generates what is regularly the most highly cited feature of PAC. For example, data collected on 30 April 2005 reveal that the OMCOS-9 collection with 239 citations averaging 14.9 citations per paper, and the OMCOS-10 collection with 408 citations averaging 21.5 citations per paper, head the citation rates for the Journal in those years. Early indications are that OMCOS-11 and OMCOS-12 head the comparable ratings of regular features for 2002 and 2004, respectively, although these more recent data are obviously in flux and still provisional.
Publication policy is responsive to these indicators of successful conference series, in the confident expectation that they will continue to serve the Journal readership with topical and sought-after content. These expectations have been handsomely fulfilled by OMCOS-13, held in Geneva, Switzerland on 17-21 July 2005, and this Special Topic issue is devoted to exclusive coverage of the event. No less than 37 papers drawn from invitations to all invited presenters on the main lecture program and a selection of meritorious contributed works feature, and constitute a salute to the centrality of this theme in modern organic synthesis. It is also a tribute to the exceptional efforts of the organizers and authors, whose energy and cooperation have ensured an expeditious passage to publication of this representative record of an outstanding event.

James R. Bull

Scientific Editor
Preface
Authors: Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The 13th IUPAC International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-13<http://omcos13.unige.ch/>) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 17-21 July 2005.
The aim of this series of symposia is to bring together chemists from academia and industry to define and discuss the most recent developments in the areas of catalysis, new organometallic reagents and reactions, and new materials chemistry. In 2001, Sharpless, Noyori, and Knowles received the Nobel Prize for their work in this area of chemistry; and the high profile has been maintained by the award of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Chauvin, Grubbs, and Schrock for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis.
OMCOS-13 had a record number of nearly 1200 participants from 41 countries, and there was an encouragingly high proportion of young scientists in attendance. Very strong Asian participation at this conference reflected the outstanding level of research and leadership in this field from countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan.
Prof. Shengming Ma, from the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China received the OMCOS-13 Award (sponsored by the Yen Chuang Foundation and Springer Verlag). The prize was awarded for his creative research contributions in the field of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of allenes.
Apart from the OMCOS-13 Award lecture, there were 23 plenary lectures and 20 oral communications that dealt with aspects of reactivity and chemoselectivity of main group and transition-metal organometallics. Stereoselectivity issues also figured prominently with a particular emphasis on asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. Mechanistic insights, new reagents for synthesis, new catalyst and ligand design, and ligand effects were other important topics.
The quality of the 620 posters that were on display during the entire conference was also outstanding. This extraordinary poster session was highlighted with the Monday evening "poster party" and culminated in the awarding of 37 poster prizes.
OMCOS-13 was held as a single session conference in an impressive lecture theater and a large exhibition area in the center of Geneva at a superb lakefront location. It was a fitting venue for the firstclass science that was presented.
Thirty-seven lecturers of OMCOS-13 present their chemistry in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry and provide a fine recollection of last summer's conference. The 14th edition of OMCOS will be held in Nara, Japan (2-6 August 2007) under the chairmanship of Prof. Koichiro Oshima.

Alexandre Alexakis

OMCOS-13 Co-chair

E. Peter Kündig

OMCOS-13 Co-chair
Preface
Authors: Sydnes Leiv K. 
Published: March 2014

For IUPAC, the global, scientific organization that cares about chemistry and the chemical sciences in all senses of the word, it is a duty, but also a pleasure to follow the development in chemical research closely with the aim of spotting pioneering work and new trends as early as possible. In doing so, it became abundantly clear that the young chemists were about to become more important for the future of our science than they were just a decade or so ago. For chemistry, it is therefore important to encourage our young colleagues in their work, and IUPAC does so through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors 4-5 chemists with a fresh Ph.D. for exceptional work during their Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 49 applicants from 19 countries. To pick the winners was not an easy task, because there were many outstanding candidates, but at the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2006 IUPAC Prize to the following young chemists:Michelle Nena Chrétien, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, with a thesis entitled "Photochemical, photophysical, and photobiological studies of zeolite guest–host complexes"Valentina Domenici, University of Pisa, Italy, with a thesis entitled "Structure, orientational order and dynamics of rod-like and banana-shaped liquid crystals by means of 2H NMR: New developments"Matt Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Oxide nanowires for sensing, photonics and photovoltaics"Emilio M. Pérez, University of Edinburgh, UK, with a thesis entitled "Hydrogen-bonded synthetic molecular machines"Dunwei Wang, Stanford University, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Synthesis and properties of germanium nanowires"Each of the winners will receive both a cash prize of USD 1000 and a free trip to the 41st IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which will take place in Turin, Italy, 5-11 August 2007. Here the winners will have the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. But to reach an even wider audience, the prizewinners have been invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is therefore a pleasure to see that four refereed papers, containing critical reviews of high quality, appear in this issue of PAC.It is a great pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) with the 2006 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each winner is encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.Leiv K. SydnesIUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee
Preface
Authors: Pyne Stephen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises 12 papers from some of the speakers at the 21st International Congress for Heterocyclic Chemistry, which was held at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia from 15-20 July 2007. The topics of these papers cover some of the major themes of the conference, including natural products synthesis (as highlighted by the presentation of K. C. Nicolaou during his ISHC Senior Award in Heterocyclic Chemistry lecture on the synthesis of complex natural products and further demonstrated by contributions by Profs. Banwell, Bates, Sodeoka, Naito, Vogel, and Pyne); new methods for the synthesis of heterocycles based on metal-catalyzed reactions (Profs. Ma and Mase); and new catalysts for asymmetric synthesis based on chiral heterocyclic ligands (Prof. Nishiyama). Papers on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using the borono-Mannich reaction (Prof. Hutton) and green chemistry methods (Prof. Varma) are also included.
I would like to thank all contributors for their timely efforts and the editorial staff for their help.

Stephen Pyne

Conference Editor
Preface
Authors: Oshima Koichiro 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The 14th IUPAC International Symposium on Organometallic Chemistry Directed Towards Organic Synthesis (OMCOS-14) was held in Nara, Japan, 2-6 August 2007, under the auspices of IUPAC, and with cosponsorship of the Science Council of Japan and the Chemical Society of Japan. OMCOS-14 was held at Nara Centennial Hall, surrounded by National Treasures including eight World Heritage assets.
This symposium is a continuation of the successful series of OMCOS meetings, previously held at Geneva (2005), Toronto (2003), Taipei (2001), Versailles (1999), Göttingen (1997), Santa Barbara (1995), Kobe (1993), Utrecht (1991), Florence (1989), Vancouver (1987), Kyoto (1985), Dijon (1983), and Fort Collins (1981). The event once again brought together industrial and academic chemists from all over the world to discuss the latest advances in new metal-mediated and -catalyzed reactions, mechanistic insights into important reactions, new preparations and applications of organometallic reagents, as well as ingenious methods for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials using metals.
Almost 1000 participants attended from 34 countries, one-third of them from abroad. Particularly strong representation from Asian countries such as China, Taiwan, and Korea underscores the remarkable growth of interest and development in organometallic research in these countries.
The scientific program of OMCOS-14 featured 6 plenary lectures, 20 invited lectures, 28 short oral presentations, and one OMCOS Award lecture. The lectures were uniformly outstanding and held the attention of an audience fascinated by the excellent chemistry. One sensed that the warmth of the weather was matched by the warm enthusiasm that prevailed at the venue throughout the meeting. Themes that attracted attention included metal-catalyzed direct functionalization of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes, environmentally benign processes and gold-catalyzed reactions. In a particular highlight, Prof. F. Dean Toste from the University of California, Berkeley received the OMCOS-14 Award (sponsored by the Yen Chuang Foundation and Springer Verlag) for his glorious research on gold-catalyzed reactions.
The scientific program also presented well-supported poster sessions comprising 546 posters of remarkably high quality. On the basis of assessments by distinguished juries, 27 posters were selected for awards of OMCOS-14 Poster Prizes, two of which included free registration for students to participate in the 23rd International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry (ICOMC-2008, co-chaired by Profs. Dixneuf and Bruneau at Rennes, France, 13ñ18 July 2008).
This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises a collection of 40 papers based upon lectures delivered at OMCOS-14. It therefore offers readers an enduring and representative record of the great achievements announced during the symposium. The series continues with OMCOS-15, which will be held in Glasgow, UK (<http://www.omcos15.com/>), 26-30 July 2009, under the chairmanship of Prof. Pavel Kočovský.

Koichiro Oshima

Conference Chairman
Preface
Authors: Varfolomeev Sergey , Shevaleevskiy Oleg 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Since the apparition of the coming energy crises and increased awareness of climate change, various avenues are being explored to replace fossil fuels, with renewable energy from solar power and biomass sources as the most promising. In the last decade, the development of advanced molecular materials and nanotechnologies has initiated a new set of ideas that can dramatically improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce prices of alternative energy sources. It was therefore timely to launch a new initiative as the organization of the interdisciplinary International Conference "Molecular and Nanoscale Systems for Energy Conversion" (MEC-2007), devoted to new research trends in different areas of alternative energetic sources. This event was the first scientific meeting in Russia dealing with the general problems and future challenges in renewable energy conversion.
The Conference was held on 1-3 October 2007 in Moscow at the Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, under the sponsorship of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The Conference featured 11 oral sessions and a general poster session, which was held throughout the entire duration of the event.
Over 200 researchers from 11 countries, including 90 students, participated in the event. The presentations of the latest discoveries included 85 contributed papers and 12 plenary and 9 keynote lectures covering 4 topics: (i) advanced systems for photovoltaics, (ii) new types of fuel cells, (iii) biofuels, and (iv) molecular and nanoscale systems for energy conversion. All submitted abstracts were reviewed by the International Program Committee.
In this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry we introduce a selection of papers based on plenary and keynote lectures delivered at MEC-2007. This volume contains: a discussion of light intensity, asone of the most important factors influencing solar energy conversion (S. D. Varfolomeev, Russia); aviewpoint on future directions in photovoltaics as a new challenge for chemical physics (O. Shevaleevskiy, Russia); a description of new Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells (B. T. Ahn, South Korea); a description of metal cluster-like materials for the molecular oxygen reduction reaction (N. Alonso-Vante, France); an application of biogas and microbial fuel cell technologies for anaerobicdigestion of wastes (S. V. Kalyuzhnyi, Russia); a description of light energy conversion mechanism indual fluorophoreñnitroxide molecules (G. I. Likhtenshtein, Israel); an overview of dangling-bond (DB)defect behavior in nanocrystalline silicon-based films for photovoltaics (K. S. Lim, South Korea); andan approach to the design of low-bandgap polymer solar cells (D. Yu. Paraschuk, Russia). All of thecontributions exemplify the participants' broad range of interests and characterize the new challengesin the area of renewable energy sources.

Sergey Varfolomeev and Oleg Shevaleevskiy

Conference Editors
Preface
Authors: Henry Bryan R. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
IUPAC is a global, scientific organization that contributes to the worldwide understanding of chemistry and the chemical sciences. It is certainly true that young chemists are shaping our science, and it is important for IUPAC to provide encouragement to our young colleagues. IUPAC accomplishes this goal through the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. This prestigious annual prize honors four to five chemists for important and outstanding research carried out during recent Ph.D. studies. The work is mainly judged on the basis of a 1000-word essay which is supported by recommendations from the senior scientist(s) with whom the candidate collaborated.
As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I have had the pleasure of chairing an international prize selection committee of eminent chemists with a wide range of expertise in chemistry that adjudicated essays from 42 applicants from 16 countries. Reading these outstanding essays provided a wonderful overview of new trends in chemistry. Due to the large number of excellent candidates, it was not an easy task to pick the winners, but in the end the committee arrived at a unanimous decision and awarded the 2008 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists to the following five chemists:
- Emilie V. Banide, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, with a thesis entitled "From allenes to tetracenes: Syntheses, structures and reactivity of the intermediates"
- Christopher Thomas Rodgers, University of Oxford, UK, with a thesis entitled "Magnetic field effects in chemical systems"
- Akinori Saeki, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, with a thesis entitled "Nanometer-scale dynamics of charges generated by radiations in condensed matter"
- Andrea Rae Tao, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials"
- Scott Warren, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA, with a thesis entitled "Nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly"
Each winner received a cash prize of USD 1000 and a trip to the 42nd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, which will take place in Glascow, Scotland, 2-7 August, 2009. Here the winners will have the opportunity to present their work, which is an important stage of any research project. To reach an even wider audience, the prize winners were invited to submit manuscripts on aspects of their research for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC). It is a pleasure to see that all five prize winners have taken advantage of this offer. The result is the five refereed papers which contain critical reviews of high quality and appear in this issue of PAC.
Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners (and their supervisors) for winning the 2008 IUPAC Prize. It is IUPAC's hope that each of them has been encouraged to continue to do exciting research that will contribute to a bright future for the molecular-based sciences, which are so important for our common future.

Bryan R. Henry

IUPAC Immediate Past President and Chairman of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee