bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Medicine and Palliative Care as an Alternative to Euthanasia in End-of-Life Cancer Care
Authors: Erdek Michael 
Published: March 2015

There exists support for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (PAS) in cases of terminal cancer. One of the premises for this approach is the goal of the alleviation of suffering. Do current means of pain control in the greater overall setting of palliative care serve as a desirable alternative? A contrast comparison may be drawn between the above approaches using both theological and medical sources to show that the enlightened use of both interventional and non-interventional pain medicine approaches in an integrated palliative care setting are a theologically grounded and medically feasible alternative to euthanasia or PAS in this population. Lay summary Patients suffering from terminal cancer often have pain. Some have advocated euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide as a potential way of alleviating this suffering. Further examination of this topic, however, shows this approach may be essentially utilitarian and fail to consider the inherent value of human life. There has been significant development in recent years in the fields of pain medicine and palliative care, which afford alternate means of addressing suffering in this patient population.
Functional signatures of oral dysbiosis during periodontitis progression revealed by microbial metatranscriptome analysis
Authors: Yost Susan , Duran-Pinedo Ana E , Teles Ricardo , Krishnan Keerthana , Frias-Lopez Jorge 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial biofilm-induced inflammatory disease that affects 743 million people worldwide. The current model to explain periodontitis progression proposes that changes in the relative abundance of members of the oral microbiome lead to dysbiosis in the host-microbiome crosstalk and then to inflammation and bone loss. Using combined metagenome/metatranscriptome analysis of the subgingival microbiome in progressing and non-progressing sites, we have characterized the distinct molecular signatures of periodontitis progression.

Methods
Metatranscriptome analysis was conducted on samples from subgingival biofilms from progressing and stable sites from periodontitis patients. Community-wide expression profiles were obtained using Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina). Sequences were aligned using ‘bowtie2’ against a constructed oral microbiome database. Differential expression analysis was performed using the non-parametric algorithm implemented on the R package ‘NOISeqBio’. We summarized global functional activities of the oral microbial community by set enrichment analysis based on the Gene Ontology (GO) orthology.

Results
Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed an over-representation in the baseline of active sites of terms related to cell motility, lipid A and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and transport of iron, potassium, and amino acids. Periodontal pathogens (Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis) upregulated different TonB-dependent receptors, peptidases, proteases, aerotolerance genes, iron transport genes, hemolysins, and CRISPR-associated genes. Surprisingly, organisms that have not been usually associated with the disease (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, Veillonella parvula, and Pseudomonas fluorenscens) were highly active transcribing putative virulence factors. We detected patterns of activities associated with progression of clinical traits. Among those we found that the profiles of expression of cobalamin biosynthesis, proteolysis, and potassium transport were associated with the evolution towards disease.

Conclusions
We identified metabolic changes in the microbial community associated with the initial stages of dysbiosis. Regardless of the overall composition of the community, certain metabolic signatures are consistent with disease progression. Our results suggest that the whole community, and not just a handful of oral pathogens, is responsible for an increase in virulence that leads to progression.

Trial registration
NCT01489839, 6 December 2011.
Adipose-derived stem cell-based treatment for acute liver failure
Authors: Chen Guangfeng , Jin Yinpeng , Shi Xiujuan , Qiu Yu , Zhang Yushan , Cheng Mingliang , Wang Xiaojin , Chen Chengwei , Wu Yinxia , Jiang Fuzhu , Li Li , Zhou Heng , Fu Qingchun , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a highly lethal disease, for which effective therapeutic methods are limited. Although allogeneic liver transplantation is a viable treatment method for ALF, there is a serious shortage of liver donors. Recent studies suggest that stem cell transplantation is a more promising alternative. Hence, we investigate whether human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the therapeutic potential for ALF in this study based on the studies of rat models.

Methods
Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish ALF models by D-galactosamine injection. These rats were randomly divided into a human ASC-treated group and a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. The human ASCs or PBS was transplanted through the spleen of rats. The indices of hepatic function and hepatic histology were dynamically detected, and the survival rates of rats were also counted. Double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the ASC fate after transplantation. Moreover, both concentrated ASC conditional media and ASC lysates were transplanted through the femoral vain of rats to investigate the therapeutic potential for ALF.

Results
The ASC transplantation group showed improved viability in comparison with the sham control. Histological and biochemical analysis suggested that liver morphology and function were improved in terms of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Although a plethora of ASCs persist in the spleen, the improvement in liver function was obvious. However, ASCs did not differentiate into hepatocytes after engrafting to livers within 3 days. In addition, both concentrated serum-free ASC conditional media and ASC lysates, characterized by high levels of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, demonstrated obvious improvement in terms of high survival rates of ALF rats.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that ASC transplantation has the potential for ALF treatment partly by the mechanism of secreting growth factors contributing to liver regeneration.
ARP2/3 complex is required for directional migration of neural stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte precursors in electric fields
Authors: Li Yongchao , Wang Pei-Shan , Lucas George , Li Rong , Yao Li 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The loss of oligodendrocytes in a lesion of the central nervous system causes demyelination and therefore impairs axon function and survival. Transplantation of neural stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NSC-OPCs) results in increased oligodendrocyte formation and enhanced remyelination. The directional migration of grafted cells to the target can promote the establishment of functional reconnection and myelination in the process of neural regeneration. Endogenous electric fields (EFs) that were detected in the development of the central nervous system can regulate cell migration.

Methods
NSCs were isolated from the brains of ARPC2+/+ and ARPC2−/− mouse embryo and differentiated into OPCs. After differentiation, the cultured oligospheres were stimulated with EFs (50, 100, or 200 mV/mm). The migration of OPCs from oligospheres was recorded using time-lapse microscopy. The cell migration directedness and speed were analyzed and quantified.

Results
In this study, we found that NSC-OPCs migrated toward the cathode pole in EFs. The directedness and displacement of cathodal migration increased significantly when the EF strength increased from 50 to 200 mV/mm. However, the EF did not significantly change the cell migration speed. We also showed that the migration speed of ARPC2−/− OPCs, deficient in the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP2/3) complex, was significantly lower than that of wild type of OPCs. ARPC2−/− OPCs migrated randomly in EFs.

Conclusions
The migration direction of NSC-OPCs can be controlled by EFs. The function of the ARP complex is required for the cathodal migration of NSC-OPCs in EFs. EF-guided cell migration is an effective model to understanding the intracellular signaling pathway in the regulation of cell migration directness and motility.
A population-based analysis of outcomes for small cell carcinoma of the breast by tumor stage and the use of radiation therapy
Authors: Hare Felicia , Giri Smith , Patel Jashmin K , Hahn Andrew , Martin Michael G 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Purpose
Primary small cell carcinomas of the breast (SCCB) are rare tumors with limited data on outcomes and treatment strategies. Using a population based approach, we aimed to study outcomes of SCCB and determine whether the use of radiation therapy is associated with better survival among patients with SCCB.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry, we identified patients with SCCB between1973 and 2010. We examined the stage specific survival of these patients and compared it to the stage specific survival of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) from the SEER database over the same accrual period. We further analyzed the impact of radiation therapy on overall survival for SCCB patients using a univariate and multivariate approach.

Results
A total of 199 patients with primary SCCB with staging were identified during the study period. Eighty-four patients (42%) had localized disease, 77 (39%) had regional disease and 38 (19%) had distant disease. For comparison, 81,933 patients with SCLC were identified. Outcomes were superior for patients with SCCB with localized (150 vs. 16 months, p < 0.01) and regional disease (56 vs. 13 months, p < 0.01), but not distant disease (7 vs. 7 months, p = 0.43). Use of radiation therapy was not associated with a significant difference in OS for patients with either localized (202 vs. 147 months, p = 0.48) or regional (52 vs. 75 months, p = 0.650) disease.

Conclusions
SCCB has a more favorable prognosis by stage for localized and regional disease than SCLC. Adjuvant radiation is not associated with an improvement in survival for patients with localized or regional SCCB in this dataset.
HDAC9 Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via Mutual Suppression of PPARγ/RANKL Signaling
Authors: Jin Zixue , Wei Wei , Huynh HoangDinh , Wan Yihong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the class II histone deacetylase (HDAC)9 plays important roles in physiology such as metabolism and immunity. Here, we report that HDAC9 also controls bone turnover by suppressing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. HDAC9 expression is down-regulated during osteoclastogenesis. Ex vivo osteoclast differentiation is accelerated by HDAC9 deletion but diminished by HDAC9 overexpression. HDAC9 knockout mice exhibit elevated bone resorption and lower bone mass. Bone marrow transplantation reveal that the osteoclastogenic defects are intrinsic to the hematopoietic lineage, because the excessive bone resorption phenotype can be conferred in wild-type (WT) mice receiving HDAC9-null bone marrow, and rescued in HDAC9-null mice receiving WT bone marrow. Mechanistically, HDAC9 forms a negative regulatory loop with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling. On one hand, PPARγ and nuclear factor κB suppress HDAC9 expression, on the other hand, HDAC9 inhibits PPARγ activity in synergy with silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT)/NCoR corepressors. These findings identify HDAC9 as a novel, important and physiologically relevant modulator of bone remodeling and skeletal homeostasis.
Modeling and study of the mechanism of dilated cardiomyopathy using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lin Bo , Li Yang , Han Lu , Kaplan Aaron D. , Ao Ying , Kalra Spandan , Bett Glenna C. L. , Rasmusson Randall L. , Denning Chris , Yang Lei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), and is characterized by progressive weakness in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Currently, dilated cardiomyopathy due to cardiac muscle loss is one of the major causes of lethality in late-stage DMD patients. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD heart, we generated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from DMD and healthy control induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). DMD iPSC-derived CMs (iPSC-CMs) displayed dystrophin deficiency, as well as the elevated levels of resting Ca2+, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. Additionally, we found an activated mitochondria-mediated signaling network underlying the enhanced apoptosis in DMD iPSC-CMs. Furthermore, when we treated DMD iPSC-CMs with the membrane sealant Poloxamer 188, it significantly decreased the resting cytosolic Ca2+ level, repressed caspase-3 (CASP3) activation and consequently suppressed apoptosis in DMD iPSC-CMs. Taken together, using DMD patient-derived iPSC-CMs, we established an in vitro model that manifests the major phenotypes of dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD patients, and uncovered a potential new disease mechanism. Our model could be used for the mechanistic study of human muscular dystrophy, as well as future preclinical testing of novel therapeutic compounds for dilated cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.
Forest inventory attribute prediction using airborne laser scanning in low-productive forestry-drained boreal peatlands
Authors: Niemi Mikko , Vastaranta Mikko , Peuhkurinen Jussi , Holopainen Markus 
Published: March 2015

Nearly 30% of Finlandâs land area is covered by peatlands. In Northern parts of the country there is a significant amount of low-productive drained peatlands (LPDPs) where the average annual stem volume growth is less than 1 m ha. The re-use of LPDPs has been considered thoroughly since Finnish forest legislation was updated and the forest regeneration prerequisite was removed from LPDPs in January 2014. Currently, forestry is one of the re-use alternatives, thus detailed forest resource information is required for allocating activities. However, current forest inventory practices have not been evaluated for sparse growing stocks (e.g., LPDPs). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the suitability of airborne laser scanning (ALS) for mapping forest inventory attributes in LPDPs. We used ALS data with a density of 0.8 pulses per m, 558 field-measured reference plots (500 from productive forests and 58 from LPDPs) and nearest neighbour (-NN) estimation. Our main aim was to study the sensitivity of predictions to the number of LPDP reference plots used in the -NN estimation. When the reference data consisted of 500 plots from productive forest stands, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the prediction accuracy of Loreyâs height, basal area and stem volume were 1.4 m, 2.7 m ha and 13.7 m ha in LPDPs, respectively. When 30 additional reference plots were allocated to LPDPs, the respective RMSEs were 1.1 m, 1.7 m ha and 10.0Â m ha. Additional reference plot allocation did not affect the predictions in productive forest stands.3â12kkk2â13â12â13â1
Freedom in Hegel: Contra Pippin
Authors: Englander Alex 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:The Kantian concept of self-legislation plays a central role in Robert Pippin’s influential interpretation of Hegel’s theory of freedom. I isolate two competing notions of freedom present within Pippin’s own specification of the concept: freedom as reflective transparency and freedom as self-identification with one’s deeds. The former is compatible with Hegel’s own quasi-Spinozist conception of freedom and allows for historical conceptual change. It is also consistent with Pippin’s truly Hegelian contention that the justification of “modern ethical life” must assume the form of a historical, developmental account, and that a plurality of our moral and social attachments can be integral to our freedom. The ideal of self-identification. however, and Pippin’s development of it in terms of self-legislation and a theory of the normative social conditions of rational agency, involves a dichotomous conception of freedom that is incompatible with Hegel’s. Pippin’s ultimate privileging of self-legislation thus introduces a tension into his account and prevents him from achieving his distinctly Hegelian ambitions.
Energy Taxes and Oil Price Shocks
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Gahvari Firouz , Ladoux Norbert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper examines if an energy price shock should be compensated by a reduction in energy taxes to mitigate its impact on consumer prices. It shows that the consumer price should not increase by as much as the producer price, implying a small reduction in the energy tax in dollars. The energy tax rate, on the other hand, decreases sharply. This decline is primarily due to an adjustment in the Pigouvian component: A constant marginal social damage being divided by a higher producer price. The redistributive component of the tax remains at about 10% of the social cost of energy.
Plünnecke inequalities for countable abelian groups
Authors: Björklund Michael , Fish Alexander 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We establish in this paper a new form of Plünnecke-type inequalities for ergodic probability measure-preserving actions of any countable abelian group. Using a correspondence principle for product sets, this allows us to deduce lower bounds on the upper and lower Banach densities of
any product set in terms of the upper Banach density of an iterated
product set of one of its addends. These bounds are new already in the
case of the integers.
We also introduce the notion of an ergodic basis, which is parallel, but significantly weaker than the analogous notion of an additive basis, and deduce Plünnecke bounds on their impact functions with respect to
both the upper and lower Banach densities on any countable abelian
group.
Placental chorioangioma presenting prenatal hemolytic anemia and consumption coagulopathy: a case report
Authors: Inoue Reiko , Yumoto Yasuo , Fujita Yasuyuki , Ochiai Masayuki , Fukushima Kotaro , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Large placental chorioangioma is a rare but serious complication of pregnancy. To our knowledge, this case is the first reported diagnosis of consumption coagulopathy in a fetus using fetal blood sampling (FBS) during pregnancy complicated by placental chorioangioma. A 25-year-old woman, primigravida, was referred to our hospital at 29 weeks of gestation for placental chorioangioma. At 34+1 gestation, polyhydramnios and hyperdynamic circulation were observed in the fetus. FBS demonstrated microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and the presence of consumption coagulopathy. Cesarean section was performed at 34+4 gestation because fetal maturation was expected. A female infant weighing 2158 g was born, with Apgar scores of 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 min, respectively. Neonatal blood sampling results were similar to those of FBS. The infant was treated for hyperdynamic cardiac function, hemolytic anemia, and consumption coagulopathy on mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit and recovered fully. When fetal anemia is suspected in a case of large placental chorioangioma, the possibility of developing consumption coagulopathy during the fetal period should be considered.
Optical Time Division Multiplexing Using Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer
Authors: Kaur Kamaldeep , Bhatia K. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, optical time division multiplexing is demonstrated using TOAD (terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer), which employs semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as nonlinear switching element. The TOAD device in its original configuration is based on Sagnac interferometer (also referred to as nonlinear optical loop mirror – NOLM).
Kants Revolutionen
Authors: Brandt Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:In Kantian philosophy (between 1787 and 1798), the concept of revolution is used in the context of theoretical knowledge (geometry, physics, astronomy), metaphysics (his own critique) and morals (right, ethics). A revolution leads to a fundamental change: where the subject once had to follow external determinations, he now subdues objects via his own legislation. Heteronomy becomes autonomy. Kant organizes the revolutions in an order that follows not the empirical facts of history, but the structure of philosophical reason. The two most important texts are the Preface to the second edition of the
Diversity and richness of small mammals at a well-conserved site of The Yungas in Jujuy Province, Argentina
Authors: Alurralde Santiago Gamboa , Berrizbeitia M. Fernanda López , Barquez Rubén M. , Díaz M. Mónica 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present the results obtained from 12 small-mammal surveys conducted between 1996 and 2013 in “Finca Las Capillas”, province of Jujuy, Argentina. This region has been formally recognized as an “Area of Importance for the Conservation of Bats” (AICOM) based on the diversity of species detected in our previous studies. This site in the Yungas forests of northwestern Argentina still maintains an excellent conservation status due to restrictions to human activities involving deforestation and limitations to cattle-raising imposed 50 years ago. A total of 39 species belonging to three orders, namely, Didelphimorphia, Chiroptera and Rodentia, were recorded. The species accumulation curve revealed that our records represent 83–95% of the community, and with high diversity indexes. Several of the genera and species that we recorded from our collection trips have been included in the fauna of Argentina. Our previous studies and the present findings provide new records for the province or significant extensions to previously known distributions of several taxa of small mammals. These results show that the site represents an icon for conservation in such a fragmented and exploited area as the Yungas in Argentina today.
Crystal structure of trans-((2-aminophenolato-κO)-(2-hydroxyphenylimido- κ2N,O)-bromido-bis(triphenylphosphane)-rhenium(V)) bromide – acetonitrile – water (1:2:1), C52H49Br2N4O3P2Re
Authors: Mukiza Janvier , Gerber Thomas I. A. , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract C52H49Br2N4O3P2Re, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 13.5222(9) Å, b = 14.1956(9) Å, c = 14.3102(9) Å, α = 92.096(3)°, β = 114.726(2)°, γ = 96.966(2)°, V = 2456.0 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0221, wRref(F2) = 0.0501, T = 200 K.
Some Thoughts on Dialectology and Spanish Historical Linguistics
Authors: Dworkin Steven N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper offers some thoughts on the role of traditional dialect geography, a discipline that is rapidly being supplanted by sociolinguistics, in the study of Spanish and Romance historical linguistics. It rapidly surveys earlier contributions of dialect geography to Spanish and Romance historical linguistics, describes briefly several recent studies in Spanish historical linguistics that have made significant use of dialect data, and concludes with some observations on the future role of dialect data in evaluating competing theories and models of language change.