bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing frequency of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in primary glomerular disease: A 10‐year renal biopsy study from a single Chinese nephrology centre
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zhou Fu‐de , Wang Su‐xia , Zhao Ming‐hui , Wang Hai‐yan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the changing of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) in China.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed renal disease spectrum of 6049 patients who underwent renal biopsy at Peking University First Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012. The patients were grouped into two periods at a 5‐year interval: 2003–2007 (period 1) and 2008–2012 (period 2).ResultsAmong 6049 renal biopsied patients, 3831 (63.3%) patients were diagnosed as primary glomerular disease (PGD). The proportion of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in PGD was significantly higher in period 2 than that in period 1 (1016/2214 [55.0%] vs 682/1617 [42.2%], P = 0.022). The proportion of iMN in PGD increased from 16.8% (217/1617) in period 1 to 29.35% (646/2214) in period 2 in all groups of age (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference of clinical characteristics including age, gender, hypertension, serum cholesterol and proteinuria between the two periods (P > 0.05). However, in young patients with iMN (14–44 years old), the percentage of renal histopathology stage I and stage II of iMN in PGDs was significantly higher in period 2 than that in period 1 (101/1240 [8.15%] vs 210/1340 [15.7%], P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that the frequency of iMN in PGD in our referral diagnostic centre has doubled over the past 10 years. The increase of adult iMN is mainly due to the increase of early stages of iMN in young patients.
Rice microRNA osa‐miR1848 targets the obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase gene OsCYP51G3 and mediates the biosynthesis of phytosterols and brassinosteroids during development and in response to stress
Authors: Xia Kuaifei , Ou Xiaojing , Tang Huadan , Wang Ren , Wu Ping , Jia Yongxia , Wei Xiaoyi , Xu Xinlan , Kang Seung‐Hye , Kim Seong‐Ki , Zhang Mingyong 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Phytosterols are membrane components or precursors for brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. As they cannot be transported long distances, their homeostasis is tightly controlled through their biosynthesis and metabolism. However, it is unknown whether microRNAs are involved in their homeostatic regulation.

Rice (Oryza sativa) plants transformed with microRNA osa‐miR1848 and its target, the obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase gene, OsCYP51G3, were used to investigate the role of osa‐miR1848 in the regulation of phytosterol biosynthesis.

osa‐miR1848 directs OsCYP51G3 mRNA cleavage to regulate phytosterol and BR biosynthesis in rice. The role of OsCYP51G3 as one of the osa‐miR1848 targets is supported by the opposite expression patterns of osa‐miR1848 and OsCYP51G3 in transgenic rice plants, and by the identification of OsCYP51G3 mRNA cleavage sites. Increased osa‐miR1848 and decreased OsCYP51G3 expression reduced phytosterol and BR concentrations, and caused typical phenotypic changes related to phytosterol and BR deficiency, including dwarf plants, erect leaves, semi‐sterile pollen grains, and shorter cells. Circadian expression of osa‐miR1848 regulated the diurnal abundance of OsCYP51G3 transcript in developing organs, and the response of OsCYP51G3 to salt stress.

We propose that osa‐miR1848 regulates OsCYP51G3 expression posttranscriptionally, and mediates phytosterol and BR biosynthesis. osa‐miR1848 and OsCYP51G3 might have potential applications in rice breeding to modulate leaf angle, and the size and quality of seeds.
Phylogenetic revision of the Strophomenida, a diverse and ecologically important Palaeozoic brachiopod order
Authors: Congreve Curtis R. , Krug Andrew Z. , Patzkowsky Mark E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe order Strophomenida was an ecologically abundant and taxonomically diverse group of Palaeozoic brachiopods that originated in the earliest Ordovician and went extinct in the Carboniferous. During their long geological range, the Strophomenida survived two of the ‘Big Five’ mass extinction events, the Late Ordovician and the Late Devonian, suggesting that they are potentially informative taxa for studying the evolutionary effects of these two distinct mass extinctions, each with drastically different forcing mechanisms. However, while there have been previous phylogenetic studies on smaller groups within the Strophomenida, the phylogenetic relationships of the whole group are still largely unknown. The group has been divided into two major superfamilies, the Strophomenoidea (strophomenoids) and the Plectambonitoidea (plectambonitoids). Despite being treated as separate clades, the plectambonitoids may form a paraphyletic grade into the strophomenoids. We present a detailed higher‐level parsimony‐based phylogenetic analysis of the Strophomenida, consisting of 69 characters and 62 exemplar species sampled from the majority of the taxonomically defined families/subfamilies. Several species of basal chonetids (strophochonetids) were also included in this analysis, as they may be closely related to the Strophomenida and share several characters with both the plectambonitoids and strophomenoids. The phylogenetic analysis suggests the plectambonitoids, as originally defined, are paraphyletic to the monophyletic strophomenoids. The basal chonetids are reconstructed as a monophyletic group that is sister to the strophomenoids, suggesting that their proper placement might be within the Strophomenida. The topology also suggests that at least 17 of the taxonomically defined strophomenoid and plectambonitoid families are likely to be monophyletic. The Plectambonitidae and the Taffiidae as defined are paraphyletic, and the Grorudiidae and Leptostrophiidae are polyphyletic. Furthermore, subfamilies Leptodontellinae, Dicoelostrophiinae, Palaeostrophomeninae and Aegiromeninae are raised to the level of family. When analysed within this phylogenetic context, the Late Ordovician mass extinction event had little effect on the large‐scale evolution of the group.
Ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular cannulation of the right brachiocephalic vein in small infants: a consecutive, prospective case series
Authors: Breschan Christian , Graf Gudrun , Jost Robert , Stettner Haro , Feigl Georg , Goessler Alja , Neuwersch Stefan , Koestenberger Markus , Likar Rudolf 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe supraclavicular ultrasound (US)‐guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is one option of central venous line placement in infants.AimThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether there was an association between the optimum ultrasonographic view as obtained of the entire longitudinal extension of the rightBCVand the ease of supraclavicular cannulation when using a strict in‐plane technique via a linearUSprobe in small infants.MethodsTheUSprobe was placed in the right supraclavicular region. If the optimum obtainable sonographic view presented the entire longitudinal extension of the rightBCVdemonstrating clearly its path caudally alongside the pleura, it was graded as I. If, however, only a circular view, i.e., the initial part of the rightBCVwas obtainable viaUS, it was graded asII. The rightBCVwas cannulated by advancing a 22‐gauge i.v. cannula from lateral to medial strictly under the long axis of theUSprobe under directUSvision into the vein.ResultsSeventy‐nine infants weighing between 0.8 and 4.5 kg (Median: 3.4 ± 0.09) were included. In 50 (63.3%) patients, the sonographic view was graded as I and in 29 (36.7%) asII. The proportion of patients successfully cannulated on the first attempt was significantly smaller in patients graded asII, i.e., circular, sonographic view of the rightBCVthan in patients graded as I, i.e., sonographic view of the entire longitudinal extension of the rightBCV(41% vs 90%; chi‐square analysis:P < 0.01).ConclusionThe sonographic view obtainable of the entire longitudinal extension of the rightBCVresulted in significantly fewer required cannulation attempts.
Seed set, pollen morphology and pollen surface composition response to heat stress in field pea
Authors: Jiang Yunfei , Lahlali Rachid , Karunakaran Chithra , Kumar Saroj , Davis Arthur R. , Bueckert Rosalind A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPea (Pisum sativum L.) is a major legume crop grown in a semi‐arid climate in Western Canada, where heat stress affects pollination, seed set and yield. Seed set and pod growth characteristics, along with in vitro percentage pollen germination, pollen tube growth and pollen surface composition, were measured in two pea cultivars (CDC Golden and CDC Sage) subjected to five maximum temperature regimes ranging from 24 to 36 °C. Heat stress reduced percentage pollen germination, pollen tube length, pod length, seed number per pod, and the seed–ovule ratio. Percentage pollen germination of CDC Sage was greater than CDC Golden at 36 °C. No visible morphological differences in pollen grains or the pollen surface were observed between the heat and control‐treated pea. However, pollen wall (intine) thickness increased due to heat stress. Mid‐infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR‐ATR) spectra revealed that the chemical composition (lipid, proteins and carbohydrates) of each cultivar's pollen grains responded differently to heat stress. The lipid region of the pollen coat and exine of CDC Sage was more stable compared with CDC Golden at 36 °C. Secondary derivatives of ATR spectra indicated the presence of two lipid types, with different amounts present in pollen grains from each cultivar.
Three‐dimensional microscale modelling of CO2 transport and light propagation in tomato leaves enlightens photosynthesis
Authors: Ho Quang Tri , Berghuijs Herman N. C. , Watté Rodrigo , Verboven Pieter , Herremans Els , Yin Xinyou , Retta Moges A. , Aernouts Ben , Saeys Wouter , Helfen Lukas , Farquhar Graham D. , Struik Paul C. , Nicolaï Bart M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a combined three‐dimensional (3‐D) model of light propagation, CO2 diffusion and photosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves. The model incorporates a geometrical representation of the actual leaf microstructure that we obtained with synchrotron radiation X‐ray laminography, and was evaluated using measurements of gas exchange and leaf optical properties. The combination of the 3‐D microstructure of leaf tissue and chloroplast movement induced by changes in light intensity affects the simulated CO2 transport within the leaf. The model predicts extensive reassimilation of CO2 produced by respiration and photorespiration. Simulations also suggest that carbonic anhydrase could enhance photosynthesis at low CO2 levels but had little impact on photosynthesis at high CO2 levels. The model confirms that scaling of photosynthetic capacity with absorbed light would improve efficiency of CO2 fixation in the leaf, especially at low light intensity.
Support for school reentry and relationships between children with cancer, peers, and teachers
Authors: Soejima Takafumi , Sato Iori , Takita Junko , Koh Katsuyoshi , Maeda Miho , Ida Kohmei , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundReturning to school after a cancer diagnosis can be socially challenging for children with cancer. This study investigated the form of support for school reentry and the associations with social support from peers and teachers.MethodsThis was a multicenter cross‐sectional study. Children with cancer and their guardians completed questionnaires. Their guardians also underwent a semi‐structured interview to describe the background of support for school reentry.ResultsThirty‐nine children with cancer and guardian dyads completed questionnaires and three guardians underwent semi‐structured interview. Peer visits and their understanding of hospital experiences and how to interact with children were related to social support from peers. Teachers’ understanding of physical appearance, academic performance, hospital experience and of how to interact with children was related to social support from peers. Teachers’ understanding of diagnosis/treatment, academic performance and their status as the liaison between doctors/nurses in hospitals and teachers in local schools were also related to social support from teachers. Furthermore, children with cancer were also encouraged to establish supportive relationships with peers and teachers as a result of school reentry support that (i) helped children to feel that they are still members of the local school; (ii) improved peer and teacher understanding of the long‐term recovery process of children with cancer; and (iii) facilitated the children's own awareness that they are fighting the disease.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary team consisting of the children with cancer, their families, doctors, nurses and teachers in the local school need to communicate with peers regarding positive experiences of fighting, and overcoming, severe disease.
HNA antibody‐mediated neutrophil aggregation is dependent on serine protease activity
Authors: Berthold T. , Schubert N. , Muschter S. , Rohr M. , Wesche J. , Reil A. , Bux J. , Bakchoul T. , Greinacher A. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectivesTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is often caused by antibodies against human neutrophil alloantigen‐2 (HNA‐2) and HNA‐3a. Neutrophil aggregation is considered as a major cause of TRALI, but little is known about how HNA antibodies initiate this process. We explored mechanisms involved in neutrophil aggregation induced by HNA‐2 and HNA‐3a antibodies.Materials and MethodsIsolated neutrophils were pretreated with broad‐spectrum or specific inhibitors against different cell functions or proteases. Granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) was performed with serially diluted anti‐HNA‐2 and anti‐HNA‐3a plasmas or control plasma, and reactivity was evaluated microscopically. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils was investigated using a lucigenin‐based chemiluminescence assay.ResultsHNA‐2 and HNA‐3a antibody‐mediated neutrophil aggregation was inhibited by pretreatment with formaldehyde, iodoacetamide and the serine protease inhibitors Pefabloc‐SC, N‐p‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Nα‐tosyl‐L‐lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK). In contrast, inhibition of actin polymerization, respiratory burst, cysteine proteases, metalloproteases or aspartic proteases did not affect neutrophil aggregation. Furthermore, HNA‐3a antibodies did not directly cause ROS production in neutrophils.ConclusionAggregation of neutrophils induced by HNA‐2 and HNA‐3a antibodies is an active process and depends on trypsin‐ or chymotrypsin‐like serine proteases but is not dependent on the production of ROS. These findings may open new prospects for the pharmacologic prevention of neutrophil‐associated acute lung injury.
Prognosis of critical limb ischemia: Major vs. minor amputation comparison
Authors: Matsuzaki Kyoichi , Hayashi Ruka , Okabe Keisuke , Aramaki‐Hattori Noriko , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTHealthcare providers treating wounds have difficulties assessing the prognosis of patients with critical limb ischemia who had been discharged after complete healing of major amputation wounds. The word “major” in “major amputation” gives the impression of “being more severe” than “minor amputation.” Therefore, even if wounds are healed after major amputation, they imagine that prognosis after major amputation would be poorer than that after minor amputation. We investigated the prognosis of diabetic nephropathy patients 2 years after amputations. Those patients underwent dialysis as well as amputation following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for their foot wounds. They were ambulatory prior to these surgeries. Among 56 cases of minor amputation, 45 were males and 11 were females, and mortality was 41.1%. The mortality of cases with and without a coronary intervention history was 53.1% and 25.0%, respectively (p = 0.034). Among 10 cases of major amputation, 9 were males and 1 was female, and mortality was 60%. The mortality of cases with and without a coronary intervention history was 75.0% and 0%, respectively. Although we predicted poor prognosis in cases with major amputation, there was no significant difference in mortality 2 years after amputations (p = 0.267). Thus far poor prognosis has been reported for major amputation. It might be due to inclusion of the following patients: patients with wounds proximal to ankle joints, patients with extensive gangrene spreading to the lower legs, patients with septicemia from wound infection and who died around the time of operation, and patients with malnutrition. The results of our present study showed that the outcomes at 2 years postoperatively were similar between patients with major amputations and those with minor amputations, if surgical wounds were able to heal. We should not estimate the prognosis by the level of amputation, rather we should consider the effect of coronary intervention history on prognosis.
3‐aminobenzamide, a poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitor, enhances wound healing in whole body gamma irradiated model
Authors: El‐Hamoly Tarek , El‐Denshary Ezzeddin S. , Saad Shokry Mohamed , El‐Ghazaly Mona A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe custom use of radiotherapy was found to participate in the development of chronic unhealed wounds. In general, exposure to gamma radiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that eventually leads to damaging effect. Conversely, overexpression of a nuclear poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase enzyme (PARP) after oxidative insult extremely brings about cellular injury due to excessive consumption of NAD and ATP. Here, we dedicated our study to investigate the role of 3‐aminobenzamide (3‐AB), a PARP inhibitor, on pregamma irradiated wounds. Two full‐thickness (6 mm diameter) wounds were created on the dorsum of Swiss albino mouse. The progression of wound contraction was monitored by capturing daily photo images. Exposure to gamma radiation (6Gy) exacerbated the normal healing of excisional wounds. Remarkably, topical application of 3‐AB cream (50 µM) revealed a marked acceleration in the rate of wound contraction. Likewise, PARP inhibition ameliorated the unbalanced oxidative/nitrosative status of granulated skin tissues. Such effect was significantly revealed by the correction of the reduced antioxidant capacity and the enhanced lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and myeloperoxidase contents. Moreover, application of 3‐AB modified the cutaneous nitrite content throughout healing process. Conversely, the expressions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were down‐regulated by PARP inhibition. The mitochondrial ATP content showed a lower consumption rate on 3‐AB‐treated wound bed as well. In parallel, the mRNA expressions of Sirt‐1 and acyl‐COA oxidase‐2 (ACOX‐2) were up‐regulated; whom functions control the mitochondrial ATP synthesis and lipid metabolism. The current data suggested that inhibition of PARP‐1 enzyme may accelerate the delayed wound healing in whole body gamma irradiated mice by early modifying the oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory response.
Effects of Home-Based Walking on Quality of Life and Fatigue Outcomes in Early Stage Breast Cancer Survivors: A 12-Week Pilot Study
Authors: Baruth Meghan , Wilcox Sara , Ananian Cheryl Der , Heiney Sue 
Published: June 2015

Background:Adjuvant treatment for breast cancer may result in long-lasting, adverse emotional and physical side effects, and reduce quality of life (QOL). This pilot study examined the effects of a home-based walking program on QOL and fatigue in early stage breast cancer survivors and whether changes in walking behavior were associated with changes in outcomes.Methods:Participants (n = 32) were randomized to a 12-week home-based walking intervention plus brief telephone counseling (n = 20) or a wait-list control group (n = 12). Self-reported fatigue, QOL, and walking were assessed at baseline and 12-weeks. Results are presented as effect sizes.Results:Participants in the intervention had improvements in a majority of fatigue and QOL outcomes, whereas the control group had no change or worsened in many; effect sizes were generally in the small to medium range. Changes in fatigue/QOL outcomes were associated with changes in walking behavior, with effects generally in the small to medium range.Conclusion:Home-based physical activity (walking) programs may be an appropriate avenue for alleviating the adverse side effects that often accompany adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. These programs have potential for widespread dissemination, which may have considerable impact on the quality of life of women recently completing breast cancer treatment.
Walking to Work: The Roles of Neighborhood Walkability and Socioeconomic Deprivation
Authors: Kelly Cheryl , Lian Min , Struthers Jim , Kammrath Anna 
Published: June 2015

Background:There are few studies that aimed to find a relationship between transportation-related physical activity and neighborhood socioeconomic condition using a composite deprivation index. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of neighborhood walkability and socioeconomic deprivation with percentage of adults walking to work.Methods:A walkability index and a socioeconomic deprivation index were created at block group-level. The outcome variable, percentage of adults who walk to work was dichotomized as < 5% of the block group walking to work low and ≥ 5% of the block group walking to work as high and applied logistic regression to examine the association of walkability and socioeconomic deprivation with walking to work.Results:Individuals in the most walkable neighborhoods are almost 5 times more likely to walk to work than individuals in the least walkable neighborhoods (OR = 4.90, 95% CI = 2.80–8.59). After adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, individuals in the most walkable neighborhoods are almost 3 times more likely to walk to work than individuals in the least walkable neighborhoods (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.62–5.49).Conclusions:Walkability (as measured by the walkability index) is a very strong indicator of walking to work even after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.