bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of cell integration on biomaterial implant surfaces in the presence of bacterial contamination
Authors: Yue Chongxia , van der Mei Henny C. , Kuijer Roel , Busscher Henk J. , Rochford Edward T. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBacterial contamination during biomaterial implantation is often unavoidable, yielding a combat between cells and bacteria. Here we aim to determine the modulatory function of bacterial components on stem‐cell, fibroblast, and osteoblast adhesion to a titanium alloy, including the role of toll‐like‐receptors (TLRs). Presence of heat‐sacrificed Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced dose and cell‐type dependent responses. Stem‐cells were most sensitive to bacterial presence, demonstrating decreased adhesion number yet increased adhesion effort with a relatively large focal adhesion contact area. Blocking TLRs had no effect on stem‐cell adhesion in presence of S. aureus, but blocking both TLR2 and TLR4 induced an increased adhesion effort in presence of E. coli. Neither lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, nor bacterial DNA provoked the same cell response as did whole bacteria. Herewith we suggest a new mechanism as to how biomaterials are integrated by cells despite the unavoidable presence of bacterial contamination. Stimulation of host cell integration of implant surfaces may open a new window to design new biomaterials with enhanced healing, thereby reducing the risk of biomaterial‐associated infection of both “hardware‐based” implants as well as of tissue‐engineered constructs, known to suffer from similarly high infection risks as currently prevailing in “hardware‐based” implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3590–3598, 2015.
Calcilytic Ameliorates Abnormalities of Mutant Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Knock-In Mice Mimicking Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia (ADH)
Authors: Dong Bingzi , Endo Itsuro , Ohnishi Yukiyo , Kondo Takeshi , Hasegawa Tomoka , Amizuka Norio , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Shioi Go , Abe Masahiro , Fukumoto Seiji , Matsumoto Toshio 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Activating mutations of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH). ADH patients develop hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypercalciuria, similar to the clinical features of hypoparathyroidism. The current treatment of ADH is similar to the other forms of hypoparathyroidism, using active vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, these treatments aggravate hypercalciuria and renal calcification. Thus, new therapeutic strategies for ADH are needed. Calcilytics are allosteric antagonists of CaSR, and may be effective for the treatment of ADH caused by activating mutations of CaSR. In order to examine the effect of calcilytic JTT-305/MK-5442 on CaSR harboring activating mutations in the extracellular and transmembrane domains in vitro, we first transfected a mutated CaSR gene into HEK cells. JTT-305/MK-5442 suppressed the hypersensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ of HEK cells transfected with the CaSR gene with activating mutations in the extracellular and transmembrane domains. We then selected two activating mutations locating in the extracellular (C129S) and transmembrane (A843E) domains, and generated two strains of CaSR knock-in mice to build an ADH mouse model. Both mutant mice mimicked almost all the clinical features of human ADH. JTT-305/MK-5442 treatment in vivo increased urinary cAMP excretion, improved serum and urinary calcium and phosphate levels by stimulating endogenous PTH secretion, and prevented renal calcification. In contrast, PTH(1-34) treatment normalized serum calcium and phosphate but could not reduce hypercalciuria or renal calcification. CaSR knock-in mice exhibited low bone turnover due to the deficiency of PTH, and JTT-305/MK-5442 as well as PTH(1-34) increased bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in these mice. These results demonstrate that calcilytics can reverse almost all the phenotypes of ADH including hypercalciuria and renal calcification, and suggest that calcilytics can become a novel therapeutic agent for ADH. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Accurate Detection of Hepatitis B Virus G1896A Mutant by Developed Taqman‐ARMS Followed a Strict Control System
Authors: Lu Renfei , Shao Jianguo , Zhou Min , Zhang Hongping , Wu Yueping 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) G1896A mutation was associated with HBeAg seronegativity and hepatitis B related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. In this study, we developed Taqman amplification refractory mutation system (Taqman‐ARMS) and established a strict control system to detect HBV G1896A mutant.MethodsHBV viral DNA was isolated from 60 patient serum samples, and full‐length HBV genome was cloned. Then, Taqman‐ARMS was used to detect HBV G1896A mutant.ResultsThe assay has the sensitivity of 1E+3 IU/ml G1896A template, and 0.1% weak population virus with G1896A could be found in mixtures. Total of all 60 clinical samples random collected were detected by Taqman‐ARMS, the results were consistent with those by DNA sequencing.ConclusionThe proposed Taqman‐ARMS real‐time PCR method for the detection of G1896A mutation of HBV was rapid, simple, sensitive, specific, and applicable in the clinical setting.
Evaluation of regional gastrointestinal absorption of edoxaban using the enterion capsule
Authors: Parasrampuria Dolly A. , Kanamaru Taro , Connor Alyson , Wilding Ian , Ogata Koichiro , Shimoto Yoshimasa , Kunitada Satoshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo studies in healthy subjects assessed the absorption of edoxaban when delivered to specific locations within the gastrointestinal tract using Enterion capsules. In study 1 (single‐dose, 4‐way crossover), 8 participants received edoxaban 60 mg as immediate‐release (IR) tablets (treatment A), as powder formulation delivered to the distal small bowel (treatment B) or ascending colon (treatment C), or as an aqueous suspension delivered to the ascending colon (treatment D). In study 2 (single‐dose, 2‐way crossover), 10 participants received edoxaban 30 mg as IR tablets (treatment E) or in granulate formulation with fumaric acid 50 mg, added to acidify the local gastrointestinal tract and enhance solubility, delivered to the ascending colon (treatment F). Peak and total exposure following targeted drug delivery to the distal gastrointestinal tract were significantly lower than with IR tablet delivery. In study 1, total exposure ratios of treatments B, C, and D compared with A were 14.9%, 7.9%, and 6.1%, respectively. In study 2, relative total exposure was 12.6% for treatment F despite the fumaric acid. Time to peak concentration was longer with higher variability for edoxaban delivered to the distal gastrointestinal tract compared with the IR tablet. These data indicate that edoxaban absorption occurs predominantly in the proximal small intestine.
Population pharmacokinetics of edoxaban and its main metabolite in a dedicated renal impairment study
Authors: Jönsson Siv , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. , Miller Raymond , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA model characterizing the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of edoxaban and its major metabolite, M4, following a single oral dose of 15 mg administered to subjects with varying kidney function was developed. Thirty‐two subjects contributed with edoxaban plasma, edoxaban urine, and M4 plasma concentrations. Edoxaban urine concentrations allowed estimation of renal clearance, and high contribution of renal to total clearance enabled estimation of absolute oral bioavailability. A 2‐compartment model with delayed absorption and elimination parameterized as renal clearance linearly related to creatinine clearance (CLcr) and nonrenal clearance forming M4 described edoxaban PK. The PK of M4 was described with a 1‐compartment model. For a typical subject (70 kg; CLcr, 100 mL/min) bioavailability, clearance, and central and peripheral volume of distribution for edoxaban was estimated to 72.3%, 21.0 L/h, 95.4 L, and 54.3 L, respectively. For both edoxaban and M4, the model predicted systemic exposure to increase 57.0%, 35.0%, and 11.6% in a subject having CLcr of 30, 50, and 80 mL/min, respectively, compared with a subject having a CLcr of 100 mL/min. Concentration ratios (M4 over edoxaban) were predicted to vary with time after dose, but with minor influence of kidney function and body weight. Results were in agreement with previous analyses.
Noise performance and nonlinear distortion of semiconductor laser under two‐tone modulation for use in analog CATV systems
Authors: Mahmoud Safwat W. Z. , Mahmoud Alaa , Ahmed Moustafa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe introduce numerical modeling of noise performance and distortion of semiconductor lasers subject to two‐tone modulation according to the National Television Standards Committee NTSC plan for the cable television (CATV) signal transport. The waveform of the laser signal is simulated over wide ranges of the modulation index and placements of the modulation channel. The power and frequency spectra of the relative intensity noise (RIN) are characterized, and the associated second‐order harmonic distortion (2HD), and the second‐order (IMD2) and third‐order intermodulation distortions (IMD3) are calculated. The calculated data are used to predict the measures of the CATV system performance. The dynamic range of linearity of the laser is evaluated in terms of the spurious‐free dynamic range SFDR. We show that under weak modulation, the low‐frequency RIN is constant at −168 dB/Hz regardless the modulation frequency. Within this accepted noise level, IMD2 is 4 dBm higher than 2HD and 10 dBm higher than IMD3. When the modulation index exceeds 25%, the laser emits clipped signals associated with large values of signal distortions. Accepted values of the carrier to noise ratio and distortions correspond to lower modulation index and/or channel frequency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformation of Tourism in Beijing after the 2008 Summer Olympics: An Analysis of the Impacts in 2014
Authors: Singh Neha , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany countries compete for the opportunity to host the Olympics because of the resulting positive impacts. However, there are also high costs associated with hosting this event. The participants of this study provided insight on how the 2008 Olympics influenced Beijing's tourism industry. This study explores the impacts of hosting the renowned Olympic Games on the transformation of the host city from the supplier perspective. Beijing tourism industry professionals and Beijing residents were considered suppliers and interviewed for the purpose of this study. Collected data reveal that the city of Beijing rapidly developed because of the mega event. Suppliers including Beijing's tourism department, government organizations, hotels, and restaurants have changed their marketing strategies over time because of the impacts of the Olympics. Additionally, Beijing has shifted to promoting a new destination image: fashion and vitality. The present findings will help future host destinations better understand the impacts of hosting the Olympics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide Dendrimer Functionalized with Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Oledzka Ewa , Sliwerska Patrycja , Sobczak Marcin , Kraska Bartlomiej , Kamysz Wojciech , Nalecz‐Jawecki Grzegorz , Kolodziejski Waclaw 
Published: May 2015

Poly(l‐lysine) dendrimer end‐functionalized with arginine‐6‐oligomer conjugated biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–PHB copolymer may be considered a promising macromolecular drug delivery vehicle. To prepare amphiphilic triblock copolymers, bulk ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of (R,S)‐β‐butyrolactone initiated with poly(ethylene glycol) is carried out. The copolymers are synthesized with a high yield of 90%. The structure and physical–chemical properties of the obtained products are confirmed by hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), viscosity method, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized copolymers is evaluated with a bacterial luminescence test and protozoan assay, which show that the obtained copolymers are not cytotoxic. Poly(l‐lysine) dendrimer end‐functionalized with arginine‐6‐oligomer is further covalently bonded to a copolymer using the 1,1'‐carbonyldiimidazole/4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (CDI/DMAP) coupling method. The presence of a newly formed urethane bond between the peptide dendrimer and the copolymer is confirmed by 1H NMR studies. This novel peptide dendrimer functionalized with an amphiphilic triblock copolymer can be applied as a compatible biodegradable material for drug carrier applications.β‐butyrolactone; biodegradable polymers; drug delivery system; peptide dendrimers; ring‐opening polymerization
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Alginate–Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffolds with Isotropic or Anisotropic Pore Structure: Material Properties and Biological Behavior
Authors: Porrelli Davide , Travan Andrea , Turco Gianluca , Marsich Eleonora , Borgogna Massimiliano , Paoletti Sergio , Donati Ivan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAlginate/hydroxyapatite composites, with isotropic or anisotropic porosity, were developed using two different freezing methods. Morphological analysis highlighted the differences in their three‐dimensional network. Swelling and in vitro degradation studies revealed that both structures are highly hydrophilic and stable. Static compression tests showed that isotropic scaffolds possess higher modulus and toughness than anisotropic ones. Cyclic compression tests revealed that wet scaffolds are able to withstand high deformations with a peculiar shape‐recovery behaviour. In vitro biological tests showed that osteoblast‐like cells proliferate on both types of structures in a comparable manner.
Energy‐aware traffic allocation to optical lightpaths in multilayer core networks
Authors: Foteinos Vassilis , Tsagkaris Kostas , Peloso Pierre , Ciavaglia Laurent , Demestichas Panagiotis 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe amount of traffic that is generated by users and high‐demanding services is expected to rise dramatically in the forthcoming years. This will unavoidably deteriorate the performance and increase the consumed energy of core networks, thus constraining the growth of Internet. To this effect, multilayer traffic engineering schemes in IP/multiprotocol label switching over dense wavelength division multiplexing networks have been proposed for achieving improved performance and increased energy savings by flexibly allocating traffic to optical lightpaths. In particular, the consumed energy in a router can be minimized if the lightpaths are established so as to traverse a router without electronic processing and conversion of their signal between optical and electrical layer. Accordingly, this paper aims at providing an energy‐aware solution to the problem of traffic allocation to optical lightpaths in multilayer core networks. The problem is first formulated and then a solution based on a heuristic algorithm, called energy‐aware traffic allocation to optical lightpaths (ETAL) is proposed. The efficiency and worthiness of ETAL is validated through numerous scenarios and simulations. The derived results indicate that the proposed algorithm is an efficient traffic engineering solution that exhibits better performance in terms of consumed energy (up to 44%), when compared to other similar traffic allocation schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical cross‐linking and native mass spectrometry: A fruitful combination for structural biology
Authors: Sinz Andrea , Arlt Christian , Chorev Dror , Sharon Michal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of structural biology for analyzing protein three‐dimensional‐structures and for mapping protein–protein interactions. In this review, the specific contributions of chemical crosslinking and native MS are outlined to reveal the structural features of proteins and protein assemblies. Both strategies are illustrated based on the examples of the tetrameric tumor suppressor protein p53 and multisubunit vinculin‐Arp2/3 hybrid complexes. We describe the distinct advantages and limitations of each technique and highlight synergistic effects when both techniques are combined. Integrating both methods is especially useful for characterizing large protein assemblies and for capturing transient interactions. We also point out the future directions we foresee for a combination of in vivo crosslinking and native MS for structural investigation of intact protein assemblies.
Electronic structure of threading dislocations in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Belabbas I. , Chen J. , Nouet G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have carried out atomistic simulations, based on density functional theory, to investigate the atomic and electronic structures of the three types of prismatic threading dislocations in hexagonal gallium nitride. Screw and mixed threading dislocations were demonstrated to introduce both deep and shallow gap states, while most of core configurations of the edge dislocation introduce solely shallow states. The higher electrical activity of both screw and mixed dislocations, compared to the edge one, is correlated with the high dispersion of their energy levels, within the GaN bandgap. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of O2 flow rate on the electrochromic response of WO3 grown by LPCVD
Authors: Psifis Konstantinos , Louloudakis Dimitris , Vernardou Dimitra , Spanakis Emmanuel , Papadimitropoulos George , Davazoglou Dimitris , Katsarakis Nikolaos , Koudoumas Emmanuel 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTungsten trioxide coatings were grown on fluorine doped tin dioxide glass substrate at 465 oC by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. Monoclinic tungsten oxide with low crystallinity containing agglomeration of grains was obtained irrespective of the O2 flow rate utilized. It was only observed an increase of grain size to 75 from 25 nm as the O2 raised to 100 from 25 sccm. In addition, the current density was similar among the samples irrespective of the growth conditions performed. Finally, the coloration efficiency was estimated to be 83 cm2 C‐1 at 670 nm, which is higher than other grown samples using greater deposition temperatures. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hot‐wire vapor deposition of amorphous MoS2 thin films
Authors: Papadimitropoulos Georgios , Vourdas Nikolaos , Kontos A. , Vasilopoulou Maria , Kouvatsos Dimitrios N. , Boukos Nicolas , Gasparotto Alberto , Barreca Davide , Davazoglou Dimitrios 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAmorphous, as shown by X‐ray diffraction measurements, MoS2 films (a‐MoS2) were deposited by heating a molybdenum wire at temperatures between 500 and 700 °C in H2S at 1 Torr. As shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy measurements, the morphology of samples depends significantly on the filament temperature; at low temperature samples are homogeneous and smooth, at intermediate temperatures they exhibit a granular microstructure and at high temperatures a columnar one. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have shown S/Mo ratios in films varying between 2.5 and 1.5 dependent on filament temperature. Films also contain oxygen at atomic contents of 8 to 12%. As shown by XPS and Raman spectroscopy, at a filament temperature of 600 °C films are mainly composed of MoS2 also containing oxygen at an atomic ratio of 8%. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements made on a‐MoS2 films have shown that their band gap is of the order of 1.4 eV, slightly higher than that for the bulk crystalline material. Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements have shown that samples exhibit a doublet of peaks at 2.8 and 3 eV blue shifted relatively to MoS2 samples composed of one or two mono‐layers. The above indicate that the electronic structure of crystalline atomic‐layer thick MoS2 is preserved in a‐MoS2 films. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characterization of flavonoid C‐ and O‐glycosides in an extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Singh Awantika , Kumar Sunil , Bajpai Vikas , Reddy T. Jagadeshwar , Rameshkumar K. B. , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: May 2015

RationaleAdhatoda vasica Nees is a well‐known Ayurvedic medicinal plant, belonging to the family Acanthaceae. This study aims to seek identification and characterization of flavonoid C‐ and O‐glycosides in the aqueous fraction of the plant leaves.MethodsA method was developed for simultaneous characterization of flavonoids and their glycosides using high‐pressure liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The chromatographic separation was carried on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC‐C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 2.7 µm) operated with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase.ResultsThe fragmentations of the studied [M–H]− ions of C‐glycosides were shown to be cross‐ring cleavages of the glycoside moiety [M–H–(60/90/120)]− whereas O‐glycosides were shown to eliminate the sugar moiety (Y0− or [Y0–H]−) from the aglycone unit; 6‐C‐glycosides exhibited [M–H–18]−, a characteristic ion, and also a higher abundance of 0,3X6 or 8 ions in comparison to 8‐C glycosides; flavonoid 6,8‐di‐C‐glycosides exhibited cross‐ring cleavages of the sugar attached to the C‐6 position preferentially.ConclusionsThis method was successfully applied for analysis of flavonoids and their glycosides in Adhatoda vasica leaves. A total of 29 compounds were tentatively identified including 17 C‐, nine O‐glycosides and three flavonoids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.