bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lita Besnard, une artiste peintre oubliée de l’entre-deux-siècles
Authors: Soria Berrocosa María Soledad 
Published: June 2024

Lita Besnard (1879-1949), peintre oubliée aujourd’hui et bru du peintre Albert Besnard, s’était surtout spécialisée dans le dessin au pastel de visages. Toute la force de son art s’apprécie dans le regard ; un regard qui rend visible l’âme de ses modèles. Dans la presse de l’époque, les critiques ont vanté son travail avec beaucoup d’intérêt. Ses modèles ? Des personnalités en vogue du monde de la culture, de la politique et de la haute société. Ses visages ou ses « Masques », comme les nommait la critique, connurent un succès sans précédent. À tel point que certains auteurs ont immortalisé dans des romans son atelier, qui se trouvait dans la Cour de Rohan à Paris, et où de jeunes écrivains et artistes se réunissaient le dimanche.
C’est à la fois notre désir de faire renaître de ses cendres une artiste peintre talentueuse, et de mettre en lumière sa conception de la peinture ; une conception qui était « évolutionnaire » plus que « révolutionnaire »,[1] bien que l’évolution implique souvent une certaine dose de révolution.

[1] Deux caractéristiques prônées par Lita Besnard elle-même, qui seront expliquées dans notre article.
Pericles tirano. Aproximación a la gestión de la crisis sanitaria durante la epidemia de Atenas (430-426 a.C.)
Authors: Sierra Martín César 
Published: June 2024

Abstract Tyrant Pericles. Approach to the management of the health crisis during the plague of Athens (430-426 BC) The aim of this paper is to analyse the political and religious consequences of the Athenian plague of 430 BC. Regarding the political aspects, the work is focused on the popular judgement on the epidemic’s management and the consequent Pericles’ loss of political prestige. Moreover, the paper concludes that this popular response leads to the adoption of religious measures such as the introduction in Athens of Asclepius’ cult (421 BC). The facts mentioned above provide an alternative point of view of Thucydides’ epidemic main account.
Assessment and Therapeutic Probability Related to Sexually Transmitted Infections: An Overview
Authors: Srivastav Yash , Singh Jaya , Yadav Sandhya 
Published: June 2024

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the primary cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Sexual contact is the primary means of transmission. The causes of STIs can be viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids can all be carriers of a sexually transmitted infection. STIs Have a long history that began in Ancient Civilizations. WHO projected that 374 million new cases of one of the four STIs gonorrhoea (82 million), syphilis (7.1 million), trichomoniasis (156 million), and chlamydia (129 million) will be reported in 2020. In India, STIs and Reproductive Tract Infections RTIs pose a significant threat to public health. In India, approximately 6% of adults have experienced at least one STI or Reproductive Tract Infection RTI, translating to roughly 30–35 million occurrences annually. A sexually transmitted infection (STI) may manifest as an unusual discharge from the penis, anus, or vagina. discomfort while urination. a rash, bumps, or skin growth around your bottom or genitalia (anus). strange bleeding in the vagina. Anus or genitalia itch. boils, rashes, or warts near your anus or genitalia. Many STIs caused by bacteria or parasites, including gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, can be cured with antibiotics, frequently in a single dose. In this work, we evaluate the status, potential treatments, and aetiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
China Releases New Regulation on Cross-border Data Transfers
Authors: Albrecht Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The New Regulations introduce exemptions to the existing filing obligations for outbound data transfer, including (1) absolute exemptions, which are exemptions applicable to all regulatory procedures for outbound data transfer, and (2) exemptions from the obligation to file a security assessment, i.e., the New Regulations have modified the thresholds mandating the filing of a security assessment and if such thresholds are not met, the data processor still needs to conduct standard contract filing or PI (Personal Information) protection certification. The Regulation leaves space for special policies in Free Trade Zones.
In vivo assessment of amyloid‐β deposition in nondemented very elderly subjects
Authors: Mathis Chester A. , Kuller Lewis H. , Klunk William E. , Snitz Beth E. , Price Julie C. , Weissfeld Lisa A. , Rosario Bedda L. , Lopresti Brian J. , Saxton Judith A. , Aizenstein Howard J. , McDade Eric M. , Kamboh M. Ilyas , DeKosky Steven T. , Lopez Oscar L. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThis study examined amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in 190 nondemented subjects aged ≥82 years to determine the proportion of Aβ‐positive scans and associations with cognition, apolipoprotein E (APOE) status, brain volume, and Ginkgo biloba (Gb) treatment.MethodsSubjects who agreed to participate had a brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scan with 11C‐labeled Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) following completion of a Gb treatment clinical trial. The youngest subject in this imaging study was 82 years, and the mean age of the subjects was 85.5 years at the time of the scans; 152 (80%) were cognitively normal, and 38 (20%) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at the time of the PiB study.ResultsA high proportion of the cognitively normal subjects (51%) and MCI subjects (68%) were PiB‐positive. The APOE*4 allele was more prevalent in PiB‐positive than in PiB‐negative subjects (30% vs 6%). Measures of memory, language, and attentional functions were worse in PiB‐positive than in PiB‐negative subjects, when both normal and MCI cases were analyzed together; however, no significant associations were observed within either normal or MCI subject groups alone. There was no relationship between Gb treatment and Aβ deposition as determined by PiB.InterpretationThe data revealed a 55% prevalence of PiB positivity in nondemented subjects age >80 years and 85% PiB positivity in the APOE*4 nondemented elderly subjects. The findings also showed that long‐term exposure to Gb did not affect the prevalence of cerebral Aβ deposition. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:751–761
Diffusion changes predict cognitive and functional outcome: The LADIS study
Authors: Jokinen Hanna , Schmidt Reinhold , Ropele Stefan , Fazekas Franz , Gouw Alida A. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Madureira Sofia , Verdelho Ana , Ferro José M. , Wallin Anders , Poggesi Anna , Inzitari Domenico , Pantoni Leonardo , Erkinjuntti Timo ,   LADIS Study Group
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to determine whether diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities in normal‐appearing brain tissue (NABT) and in white matter hyperintensities (WMH) predict longitudinal cognitive decline and disability in older individuals independently of the concomitant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.MethodsA total of 340 LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability Study) participants, aged 65 to 84 years, underwent brain MRI including DWI at baseline. Neuropsychological and functional assessments were carried out at study entry and repeated annually over a 3‐year observational period. Linear mixed models and Cox regression survival analysis adjusted for demographics, WMH volume, lacunes, and brain atrophy were used to evaluate the independent effect of the DWI measures on change in cognitive performance and functional abilities.ResultsThe mean global apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the relative peak height and peak position of the ADC histogram in NABT predicted faster rate of decline in a composite score for speed and motor control. Higher mean ADC and lower peak height were also related to deterioration in executive functions and memory (specifically working memory), with peak height also being related to more rapid transition to disability and higher rate of mortality. Mean ADC in WMH had less pronounced effects on cognitive and functional outcomes.InterpretationDWI microstructural changes in NABT predict faster decline in psychomotor speed, executive functions, and working memory regardless of conventional MRI findings. Moreover, these changes are related to functional disability and higher mortality. Ann Neurol 2013;73:576–583
Overinhibition of corticostriatal activity following prenatal cocaine exposure
Authors: Wang Wengang , Nitulescu Ioana , Lewis Justin S. , Lemos Julia C. , Bamford Ian J. , Posielski Natasza M. , Storey Granville P. , Phillips Paul E. M. , Bamford Nigel S. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivePrenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) can cause persistent neuropsychological and motor abnormalities in affected children, but the physiological consequences of PCE remain unclear. Conclusions drawn from clinical studies can sometimes be confounded by polysubstance abuse and nutritional deprivation. However, existing observations suggest that cocaine exposure in utero, as in adults, increases synaptic dopamine and promotes enduring dopamine‐dependent plasticity at striatal synapses, altering behaviors and basal ganglia function.MethodsWe used a combination of behavioral measures, electrophysiology, optical imaging, and biochemical and electrochemical recordings to examine corticostriatal activity in adolescent mice exposed to cocaine in utero.ResultsWe show that PCE caused abnormal dopamine‐dependent behaviors, including heightened excitation following stress and blunted locomotor augmentation after repeated treatment with amphetamine. These abnormal behaviors were consistent with abnormal γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron function, which promoted a reversible depression in corticostriatal activity. PCE hyperpolarized and reduced tonic GABA currents in both fast‐spiking and persistent low‐threshold spiking type GABA interneurons to increase tonic inhibition at GABAB receptors on presynaptic corticostriatal terminals. Although D2 receptors paradoxically increased glutamate release following PCE, normal corticostriatal modulation by dopamine was reestablished with a GABAA receptor antagonist.InterpretationThe dynamic alterations at corticostriatal synapses that occur in response to PCE parallel the reported effects of repeated psychostimulants in mature animals, but differ in being specifically generated through GABAergic mechanisms. Our results indicate approaches that normalize GABA and D2 receptor‐dependent synaptic plasticity may be useful for treating the behavioral effects of PCE and other developmental disorders that are generated through abnormal GABAergic signaling. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:355–369
Synthese und Anwendung wasserlöslicher NHC‐Übergangsmetall‐Komplexe
Authors: Schaper Lars‐Arne , Hock Sebastian J. , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDieser Aufsatz gibt eine Übersicht über Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit wasserlöslichen NHC‐Liganden. Bekannte Routen zur Einführung von Wasserlöslichkeit durch gezieltes Ligandendesign werden beleuchtet, und einige allgemeine Eigenschaften wasserlöslicher NHC‐Komplexen werden diskutiert. Die erhöhte Hydrophilie wasserlöslicher Katalysatoren bietet zusätzliche Vorteile für Anwendungen in der Synthese. Neben klassischen Umsetzungen, wie z. B. C‐C‐Kupplungen, umfassen neuere Beispiele von Katalysen mit wasserlöslichen NHC‐Komplexen auch Metathesen und Hydrierungen, in denen sich diese Katalysatoren als besonders leistungsfähig erweisen. Insgesamt ist das Gebiet in weiten Teilen noch unerforscht und hat daher ein großes Potenzial für zukünftige Forschung.
Improvement of the adhesion properties of silicone rubber by the incorporation of silane‐modified montmorillonite
Authors: Kim Eung Soo , Kim Eun Jeong , Lee Tae Hwa , Yoon Jin San 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA silicone rubber precursor was amended by the incorporation of γ‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) into siloxane to prepare an elastomeric thermal insulator adhering to the isocyanate‐group‐containing liner sheets, which are actually used to envelop rocket propellants. This improved adhesion may protect the liners of the rocket motor cases efficiently against the hot combustion gas. Clay was modified by cationic exchange with an amine compound, and the resulting clay was further treated with APS and N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane to introduce amine groups onto the surface of the clay to further improve the adhesion of the silicone rubber to the liner. The neat and modified clays were compounded with the APS‐amended silicone rubber [room‐temperature vulcanizate (RTV)]. The effects of the clay modification on the adhesion properties were explored. The peel strength between the liner and the room‐temperature silicone rubber (RTV) based on siloxane was 0, whereas the peel strength increased to 3.7 N/cm when the silicone rubber was amended with APS. The peel strength between APS–RTV and the liner was lower than 3.7 N/cm when clay was added, whereas the peel strength became higher than 5.7 N/cm so that APS–RTV could not withstand the peeling force and was torn off before the delamination when the amine silane modified clay was added instead of clay. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Sunflower‐oil‐based lecithin organogels as matrices for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Satapathy D. , Biswas D. , Behera B. , Sagiri S. S. , Pal K. , Pramanik K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we dealt with the development of lecithin‐based organogels using sunflower oil as the apolar phase. Metronidazole (MZ) was used as a model drug. The organogels were characterized by microscopy (light and phase contrast), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology, alternating‐current impedance, hemocompatibility, antimicrobial analysis, and in vitro drug release. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of spherical reverse micellar structures. There was an increase in the intermolecular hydrogen bonding among the gel components and crystallinity as MZ was incorporated into the organogels. The pH of the gel indicated that the gel may be nonirritant in nature and was hemocompatible. The release of MZ from the organogels followed Higuchi kinetics and was governed by anomalous or non‐Fickian transport. The drug‐loaded organogels showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, a Gram‐positive bacteria. The preliminary results indicate that the developed organogel may be used as drug‐delivery vehicle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose microfiber/goat bone apatite composites for bone repair
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Zhang Tingting , Zhao Zhitong , Ren Haohao , Zhang Qiyi , Yan Yonggang , Lv Guoyu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBacterial cellulose (BC) and goat bone apatite (GBA) composites were fabricated by a dissolving method. The 4‐methylmorpholine‐4‐oxide (NMMO) served as the solvent for BC. Goat bone apatite was added to the NMMO solution of BC, so the shape of the material could be easily controlled by using appropriate molds. The expected composites were fabricated from NMMO by immersion in water‐bath and formed by lyophilization. The results indicated that GBA was homogenously distributed into BC matrix and some interaction formed at the interface between BC and GBA. The crystallinity of BC in the composites decreased with the increase of GBA content. And the weight loss ratio of the composites decreased with the increase of GBA content and the degradation rate of BC/GBA composites could be adjusted by changing the GBA content in the composites. The surface, after soaking in PBS, was suitable for cell growth. The pH value of the medium was stable around 7.38 after the composites were immersed into PBS for 12 weeks, which was beneficial to bone cell differentiation. Furthermore, the MTT test results showed BC/GBA composites could stimulate cell proliferation and promote the cell differentiation. The results demonstrated that the prepared BC/GBA biocomposite could be a promising bone filler material for bone defects repair and construction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Application of lignin‐modified phenolic resins to brake friction material
Authors: Kuroe Motoki , Tsunoda Tomoki , Kawano Yusuke , Takahashi Akio 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLignin‐modified phenolic resin (LPF) is prepared from methanol‐soluble lignin by polymer blend methods (solvent blend and in situ polymerization) for application to environment‐friendly brake friction material. The chemical structure of LPF is characterized by 13C NMR, and TMA and DSC analyses are conducted to evaluate the thermal behaviors. Flexural tests and brake dynamometer tests of samples prepared from LPF by compression molding are carried out, and the results are compared with those for the samples prepared from commercial phenolic resin (PF). Results of the flexural test show that the addition of methanol‐soluble lignin by solvent blend polymerization decreases the flexural strength. In contrast, in situ polymerized LPF exhibits flexural strength equivalent to that of PF. Results of the brake dynamometer test show that replacement of PF with methanol‐soluble lignin increases the fade resistance of the brake friction material at elevated temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Global Optimal Feedback‐Linearizing Control of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Chatraei Abbas , Záda Vaclav 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe present paper offers a new optimal feedback‐linearizing control scheme for robot manipulators. The method presented aims at solving a special form of the unconstrained optimal control problem (OCP) of robot manipulators globally using the results of the Lyaponov method and feedback‐linearizing strategy and without using the calculus of variations (indirect method), direct methods, or the dynamic programming approach. Most of these methods and their sub‐branches yield a local optimal solution for the considered OCP by satisfying some necessary conditions to find the stationary point of the considered cost functional. In addition, the proposed method can be used for both set‐point regulating (point‐to‐point) tasks (e.g. pick‐and‐place operation or spot welding tasks) and trajectory tracking tasks such as painting or welding tasks. However, the proposed method can not support the physical constraints on robot manipulators and requires precise dynamics of the robot, as well. Instead, it can be used as an on‐line optimal control algorithm which produces the optimal solution without performing any kind of optimization algorithms which require time to find the optimal solution.
Lack of differences in the pharmacokinetics of sepantronium bromide (YM155) between US and Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Aoyama Yumiko , Katashima Masataka , Sawamoto Taiji 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe analysis was designed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sepantronium between US and Japanese patient populations using data obtained from two phase 1 studies being conducted in a similar design, one conducted in the USA and the other in Japan. Patients with a confirmed advanced solid tumor or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (US only) that were refractory to standard therapy or for which no standard therapy was available participated in these studies. Sepantronium bromide was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion for 168 h (7 days) every 21 days. During the first two treatment cycles, serial blood and urine samples were collected for up to 48 h after termination of sepantronium bromide infusion. Forty‐one subjects in the US study (including five patients with NHL) and 33 patients in the Japanese study were enrolled in both studies and 35 in US and 32 in Japan had adequate samples for PK evaluation. The PK parameters were calculated by non‐compartment analysis method and were compared in the US and Japanese populations. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of area under the concentration–time curve, steady state concentration and amount excreted into urine between Japanese and US populations were 1.068 (0.932–1.224), 1.141 (0.996–1.307) and 0.981 (0.855–1.125), respectively. There appear to be no PK differences between the US and Japanese patients with solid tumors or NHL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size discrimination in rat and mouse gastric emptying
Authors: Jang Shih‐Fan , Goins Beth A. , Phillips William T. , Santoyo Cristina , Rice‐Ficht Allison , McConville Jason T. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between particle size and gastric emptying in rodents using radiolabeled insoluble polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules/beads.MethodsPMMA microcapsules (50–500 µm) and beads (0.5–3 mm) loaded with technetium‐99 m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc‐DTPA) were administered to ICR mice or Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by oral gavage. Gamma scintiscans were acquired initially following administration and then at hourly intervals to 4 hours.ResultsScintiscans revealed that the smallest PMMA microcapsules (50–100 µm) or beads (0.5–1 mm) were impeded in the stomach and emptied slower than large particles in both rodent species. In mice, no significant difference in gastric emptying was found with microcapsules between 100 and 300 µm in diameter (p = 0.25) and particles more than 300 µm could not be administered. In rats, capsules containing 0.5–3 mm beads were stuck to the esophagus (up to 1 hour), this was a limitation of dosing beads of this size because they cannot be suspended in a liquid media for oral gavage purposes. Beads with diameters of 2–3 mm stayed in the stomach for up to 4 hours.ConclusionsThe cut‐off emptying size in ICR mice could not be determined, due to the limitation of current available dosing methods. The cut‐off emptying size in SD rats was between 1.5 and 2 mm. Therefore, particles with a diameter greater than 2 mm should not be used for gastric emptying studies of intact particles in SD rats, as their emptying is retarded in the stomach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How is functional specificity achieved through disordered regions of proteins?
Authors: Das Rahul K. , Mittal Anuradha , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractN‐type inactivation of potassium channels is controlled by cytosolic loops that are intrinsically disordered. Recent experiments have shown that the mechanism of N‐type inactivation through disordered regions can be stereospecific and vary depending on the channel type. Variations in mechanism occur despite shared coarse grain features such as the length and amino acid compositions of the cytosolic disordered regions. We have adapted a phenomenological model designed to explain how specificity in molecular recognition is achieved through disordered regions. We propose that the channel‐specific observations for N‐type inactivation represent distinct mechanistic choices for achieving function through conformational selection versus induced fit. It follows that the dominant mechanism for binding and specificity can be modulated through subtle changes in the amino acid sequences of disordered regions, which is interesting given that specificity in function is realized in the absence of autonomous folding.