bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common ground for community music and music education
Authors: Coffman Don 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Can community music’s practices translate into the music teachers’ classroom? This article discusses the preparation of music teachers and community musicians while speculating about the potential benefits of online instruction. The first section contrasts fundamental distinctions between community music and music education, followed by an analysis of existing master’s degrees in community music and music education. The final section examines the potential collaboration of community music and music education through online education programmes.
Playing outside the generational square: The intergenerational impact of adult group music learning activities on the broader community
Authors: Sattler Graham 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article discusses the theme of intergenerational impact as it emerged during a study tour of adult learner communities in North America, carried out during March and April of 2011. Data was collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires, to provide a degree of international perspective to a broader ethnographic project investigating sociocultural development through ensemble music programmes in identifiable, marginalized, communities in Australia. The five-week tour involved observation of 31 ensembles, comprising several hundred learners and ensemble directors, spread across nine communities in Ontario, New York State, Washington State, Arizona and California. The study tour was facilitated by a New Horizons International Music Association (NHIMA) fellowship, and the participating communities were all members or affiliates of the NHIMA. Utilizing the theoretical framework of Lee Higgins’ community as an act of hospitality, the article focuses on five emergent examples of social development with effects crossing generational boundaries, with findings indicating a growing trend in mentor-based social change within communities embracing group adult music learner programmes.
New Exact Solutions for an Oldroyd-B Fluid with Fractional Derivatives: Stokes' First Problem
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Khan Najeeb Alam , Imran Muhammad Asjad 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The first problem of Stokes for an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid with fractional derivatives is studied using Fourier sine and Laplace transforms. The solutions that have been obtained, unlike the known solutions from the literature, are presented as a sum between the Newtonian solutions and the non-Newtonian contributions. The non-Newtonian contributions, as expected, tend to zero for α = β and λ → λ
r
. Furthermore, the solutions for ordinary Oldroyd-B, fractional and ordinary Maxwell, fractional and ordinary second grade fluid, performing the same motion, are also obtained as limiting cases of general solutions. The present solution for ordinary Oldroyd-B and second grade fluids are verified by comparison with the previously well known results. Finally, the influence of material and fractional parameters on the fluid motion, as well as a comparison among fractional Oldroyd-B, fractional Maxwell, fractional second grade and Newtonian fluids, is also analyzed by graphical illustrations.
The use of waste rubber in natural rubber in the presence of maleic anhydride-grafted natural rubber (MA-g-NR): study on curing, rheology, morphology, and properties of the blend
Authors: Nematollahi Mahsa , Jalali-Arani Azam 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe direct incorporation of ground tire rubber (GTR) as a waste rubber into a virgin polymer matrix causes a remarkable reduction in its mechanical and performance properties. In this work, maleic anhydride-grafted natural rubber (MA-g-NR) was employed as a compatibilizer to improve the interaction between a natural rubber (NR) matrix and GTR. The effect of MA-g-NR on curing characteristics, rheological behavior, morphology, and performance properties of the NR-GTR blend was studied using an oscillating disk rheometer, rheomechanical spectroscopy (RMS), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), and tensile and abrasion testing. The obtained results by RMS and SEM tests revealed better adhesion between NR and GTR in the presence of MA-g-NR. Using up to 8 parts of MA-g-NR caused an increase in the curing rate index, and a remarkable increase in mechanical properties and abrasion resistance was observed, which was comparable to or even better than the virgin vulcanizate.
Gli italianismi nei testi turchi in trascrizione
Authors: Rocchi Luciano 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Several studies on Italian elements in Turkish have been published so far, the first ones dating back to the end of the 19th century. Most of them, however, simply present lists of words, possibly accompanied by some etymological discussion, without considering the historical dimension. This paper, instead, aims to research on Italianisms in Turkish from the historical-lexicographical viewpoint, taking into account the category of the so-called transcription texts, namely texts written in scripts different from the traditional Arabic-Ottoman one. Such texts not only usually allow a better examination of phonetic features of words but also often supply invaluable lexical data. Our research is based upon the material provided by 32 Turkish texts written in Latin script, ranging from the 16th to the 18th century. The structure of the entries is as follows: the Italian etymon, the Turkish data in chronological order (each with its date of occurrence) and, if opportune, a short commentary.
Improving water quality communications at beaches: input from stakeholders
Authors: Pratap Preethi L. , Redman Sarah , Fagen Michael C. , Dorevitch Samuel 
Published: December 2013

Objectives: Water quality communication practices vary widely and stakeholder input has not played a role in defining acceptable levels of risk. Although the 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria (RWQC) emphasize the importance of promptly notifying the public about hazardous conditions, little is known about the public's understanding of notifications, or about levels of risk deemed acceptable. We sought to address these gaps.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was used. Focus groups (FGs) provided qualitative data regarding the understanding of surface water quality, awareness, and use, of currently available water quality information, and acceptability of risk. Intercept interviews (INTs) at recreation sites provided quantitative data.
Results: INTs of 374 people and 15 FG sessions were conducted. Participants had limited awareness about water quality information posted at beaches, even during swim bans and advisories. Participants indicated that communication content should be current, from a trusted source, and describe health consequences. Communicating via mobile electronics should be useful for segments of the population. Risk acceptability is lower with greater outcome severity, or if children are impacted.
Conclusions: Current water quality communications approaches must be enhanced to make notification programs more effective. Further work should build on this initial effort to evaluate risk acceptability among US beachgoers.
A Case of Nodular Chest Shadows
Authors: Mandal Pijush Kanti , Dey Arpan Kumar , Pramanik Subhraprakash , Dasgupta Somenath , Momin Tanmoy W 
Published: December 2013

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still very common in India as well as in other developing countries. The lesions are usually woolly, ill-defined opacities and may be associated with cavities. Multiple nodular discrete bilateral opacities affecting the lungs from base to apex, more in the lower zones is unusual in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. We report a case of a 55 year old male with bilateral multiple nodular opacities of varying sizes as evident on chest radiography presented with dry cough and one episode of haemoptysis, which initially raised a possibility of lung metastasis. CT guided FNAB from left lung lesion showed chronic granulomatous lesion likely to be of Tubercular aetiology. Sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) was negative but the culture for AFB was positive and the patient responded to treatment with Antituberculardrugs (ATDs). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8297 Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 130-133
“Brotherhood Extended to All Practical Affairs”: The Social Gospel as the Religion of the Agrarian Revolt in Ontario?
Authors: Sholdice Mark 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:Formed in 1914, the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) was significantly influenced by the Social Gospel, an international theological tendency within Protestantism that emphasized Christianity’s duty to eliminate social injustice. This influence can be seen by examining the UFO’s leadership; its official newspaper, the Farmer’s Sun; and the opinions of its rank and file. Yet it should also be noted that the diverse currents within the Social Gospel could divide the UFO. Christianity was both a potent source of political mobilization and the grounds for conflict in the Ontario farmers’ movement.
The Strange Case of Dr. von Braun and Mr. Disney: Frontierland, Tomorrowland, and America’s Final Frontier
Authors: Newell Catherine L. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract:When Disneyland opened in 1955, it featured America’s past in Frontierland and looked at America’s future in Tomorrowland. Together they represent what scholar of religion Mircea Eliade called a “religious nostalgia” for a mythic past; in this case, a nostalgia for the western frontier. The conjoining of space exploration with the historical frontier solidified space as America’s new frontier in the popular imagination and a sense of being called by God to explore the new frontier of outer space. Disney’s Tomorrowland, in tension with Frontierland, paralleled how nostalgia for the western frontier was revived as faith in the future.
Le corps, l’événement, et l’horizon indépassable de l’anthropologie: Réponse à Claude Romano
Authors: Jean Grégori 
Published: December 2013

L’un des traits saillants du caractère philosophique de Claude Romano est sans doute d’aimer penser là où on ne l’attend pas. Depuis la publication, à la fin des années 1990, de ses deux livres majeurs consacrés à l’événement, l’on croyait légitime de le tenir pour ce phénoménologue de l’événementialité destiné à en exploiter le filon jusqu’à la dernière pépite. En 2010 pourtant, Au cœur de la raison, la phénoménologie, exprime clairement le besoin de parler d’autre chose et, en nouant notamment avec la philosophie d’inspiration analytique un dialogue inattendu, d’en parler autrement. Aussi ce livre, créant paradoxalement l’événement du fait de ne plus en parler, sembla témoigner d’un changement de cap — malgré, il est vrai, la publication concomitante de L’Aventure temporelle, qu’il était néanmoins possible de lire comme l’ultime mise au point sur une période désormais révolue. Les indices, du reste, ne manquaient pas, et les quelques autocritiques qui s’y trouvaient formulées, nous y reviendrons, renforcèrent l’idée d’un certain « tournant réaliste » dans l’œuvre.
Concise Review: Identifying Limbal Stem Cells: Classical Concepts and New Challenges
Authors: Joe Aaron W. , Yeung Sonia N. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The presence of a clear cornea is required for vision, and corneal epithelial cells play a key role. There is a long held view, supported by decades of study, that corneal epithelial stem cells reside at the limbus to regulate homeostatic cell turnover and wound healing. However, the identification of specific markers that allow the isolation and characterization of limbal stem cells remains elusive. Here, we review the classical concepts of limbal stem cell identity and highlight the current state of the field.
Spatial variability of the Rotterdam urban heat island as influenced by urban land use
Authors: Heusinkveld Bert G. , Steeneveld G. J. , van Hove L. W. A. , Jacobs C. M. J. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNovel bicycle traverse meteorological measurements were made in Rotterdam to assess the spatial variation of temperature during a tropical day. Nocturnal spatial urban temperature differences of 7 K were found to be related to city morphology. During midday measurements, the downtown was up to 1.2 K warmer than the surrounding rural area while a city park was 4.0 K cooler than downtown. A regression analysis showed that the nocturnal measured urban heat island (UHI) can be linked to land use, namely vegetation, built‐up area, and water and is most significant for vegetation. From the traverse observation data, a multiple linear regression model was constructed and independently validated with 3 year summertime UHI statistics derived from four urban fixed meteorological stations and two fixed rural stations. Wind rose analysis shows that UHI is strongest from easterly directions and that the temperature signal of the WMO station is influenced from urban directions. A regression model reproduced the nighttime spatial variability of the UHI within a fractional bias of 4.3% and was used to derive an UHI map of Rotterdam and surroundings. This map shows that high‐density urban configurations lacking greenery or close to large water bodies are vulnerable to high nocturnal temperatures during heat waves. The UHI map can be used as a valuable planning tool for mitigating nocturnal urban heat stress or identifying neighborhoods at risk during heat waves.
A model‐based insight into the coupling of nitrogen and sulfur cycles in a coastal upwelling system
Authors: Azhar Muchamad Al , Canfield Donald E. , Fennel Katja , Thamdrup Bo , Bjerrum Christian J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe biogeochemical cycling in oxygen‐minimum zones (OMZs) is dominated by the interactions of microbial nitrogen transformations and, as recently observed in the Chilean upwelling system, also through the energetically less favorable remineralization of sulfate reduction. The latter process is masked, however, by rapid sulfide oxidation, most likely through nitrate reduction. Thus, the cryptic sulfur cycle links with the nitrogen cycle in OMZ settings. Here, we model the physical‐chemical water column structure and the observed process rates as driven by formation and sinking of organic detritus, to quantify the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the Chilean OMZ. A new biogeochemical submodule was developed and coupled to the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). The model results generally agree with the observed distribution of reactive species and the measured process rates. Modeled heterotrophic nitrate reduction and sulfate reduction are responsible for 47% and 36%, respectively, of organic remineralization in a 150 m deep zone below mixed layer. Anammox contributes to 61% of the fixed nitrogen lost to N2 gas, while the rest of the loss is through canonical denitrification as a combination of organic matter oxidation by nitrite reduction and sulfide‐driven denitrification. Mineralization coupled to heterotrophic nitrate reduction supplies ~48% of the ammonium required by anammox. Due to active sulfate reduction, model results suggest that sulfide‐driven denitrification contributes to 36% of the nitrogen loss as N2 gas. Our model results highlight the importance of considering the coupled nitrogen and sulfur cycle in examining open‐ocean anoxic processes under present, past, and future conditions.
Analyzing the transmission structures of long continuing current processes from negative ground flashes on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fan Xiangpeng , Zhang Guangshu , Wang Yanhui , Li Yajun , Zhang Tong , Wu Bin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a new overlap and progressive method using either a one‐point charge model or a point dipole model for studying the electric field change data of lightning and tests the suitability of the proposed method by analyzing the slow electric field change of the long continuing current data from two negative ground flashes. The current measurements of the ground flashes are from the Composite Observing Experiment for Lightning project carried out in the Datong region of Qinghai Province, China, in 2009, obtained from field observations synchronized through high‐precision GPS clocks at seven observation stations. Analysis shows that the time‐averaged current can reach 800 A, and the current intensity relates to the height of the top of the return stroke before the continuing current process. The two current processes studied in this work neutralized a large amount of negative charge, 39.5C and 60.8C, respectively. The neutralized charges from the negative charge layer are typically at 2.5–4.7 km above ground. The intracloud transition of the positive leader is a complex process, and the horizontal propagation of the positive leader plays an important role in current duration as well as horizontally influencing the center of the electrical dipole moment with an obvious change of up to 3.0 km. The proposed analysis method is very useful compared to previous methods in terms of determining infinitesimal changes in long continuing currents. This work's new analysis method will help increase understanding of the fine physical processes of long continuing current processes.
First simultaneous measurements of ozone, CO, and NOy at a high‐altitude regional representative site in the central Himalayas
Authors: Sarangi Tapaswini , Naja Manish , Ojha N. , Kumar R. , Lal S. , Venkataramani S. , Kumar A. , Sagar R. , Chandola H. C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSimultaneous in situ measurements of ozone, CO, and NOy have been made for the first time at a high altitude site Nainital (29.37°N, 79.45°E, 1958 m above mean sea level) in the central Himalayas during 2009–2011. CO and NOy levels discern slight enhancements during the daytime, unlike in ozone. The diurnal patterns are attributed mainly to the dynamical processes including vertical winds and the boundary layer evolution. Springtime higher levels of ozone (57.5 ± 12.6 ppbv), CO (215.2 ± 147 ppbv), and NOy (1918 ± 1769.3 parts per trillion by volume (pptv)) have been attributed mainly to regional pollution supplemented with northern Indian biomass burning. However, lower levels of ozone (34.4 ± 18.9 ppbv), CO (146.6 ± 71 ppbv), and NOy (1128.6 ± 1035 pptv) during summer monsoon are shown to be associated with the arrival of air mass originated from marine regions. Downward transport from higher altitudes is estimated to enhance surface ozone levels over Nainital by 6.1–18.8 ppbv. The classification based on air mass residence time, altitude variations along trajectory, and boundary layer shows higher levels of ozone (57 ± 14 ppbv), CO (206 ± 125 ppbv), and NOy (1856 ± 1596 pptv) in the continental air masses when compared with their respective values (28 ± 13 ppbv, 142 ± 47 ppbv, and 226 ± 165 pptv) in the regional background air masses. In general, positive interspecies correlations are observed which suggest the transport of air mass from common source regions (except during winter). Ozone‐CO and ozone‐NOy slope values are found to be lower in comparison to those at other global sites, which clearly indicates incomplete in situ photochemistry and greater role of transport processes in this region. The higher CO/NOy value also confirms minimal influence of fresh emissions at the site. Enhancements in ozone, CO, and NOy during high fire activity period are estimated to be 4–18%, 15–76%, and 35–51%, respectively. Despite higher CO and NOy concentrations at Nainital, ozone levels are nearly similar to those at other global high‐altitude sites.
A statistical framework to quantify spatial variation in channel gradients using the integral method of channel profile analysis
Authors: Mudd Simon M. , Attal Mikaël , Milodowski David T. , Grieve Stuart W. D. , Valters Declan A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present a statistical technique for analyzing longitudinal channel profiles. Our technique is based on the integral approach to channel analysis: Drainage area is integrated over flow distance to produce a transformed coordinate, χ, which has dimensions of length. Assuming that profile geometry is conditioned by the stream power law, defined as E = KAmSn where E is erosion rate, K is erodibility, A is drainage area, S is channel gradient, and m and n are constants, the slope of a transformed profile in χ‐elevation space should reflect the ratio of erosion rate to channel erodibility raised to a power 1/n; this quantity is often referred to as the channel steepness and represents channel slope normalized for drainage area. Our technique tests all possible contiguous segments in the channel network to identify the most likely locations where channel steepness changes and also identifies the most likely m/n ratio. The technique identifies locations where either erodibility or erosion rates are most likely to be changing. Tests on a simulated landscape demonstrate that the technique can accurately retrieve both the m/n ratio and the correct number and location of segments eroding at different rates where model assumptions apply. Tests on natural landscapes illustrate how the method can distinguish between spurious channel convexities due to incorrect selection of the m/n ratio from those which are candidates for changing erodibility or erosion rates. We also show how, given erosion or uplift rate constraints, the method can be used to constrain the slope exponent, n.
New Electrical Power Steering Systems
Authors: Würges Mathias 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Electric‐power‐assisted steering (
EPAS
) systems replace hydraulic systems in a broad range of vehicle categories because of the fuel efficiency of this technology and the wide range of opportunities for new functional applications. This chapter illustrates the various types of
EPAS
systems and their application range and explains the requirements to meet performance, comfort, and safety goals as well as the technologies applied.

Basically, the steering system is divided into subsystems. The mechanical system including the
EPAS
column, the intermediate shaft, and the steering gear has to ensure the safe transfer of torque from the steering wheel to the tie rods. A precise conversion from the steering wheel angle to the wheel angle as well as a comfortable steering feeling and adjustment mechanism is realized in this system. The electrical subsystem detects the driver's steering request and transfers it into assistance torque for each driving condition, respecting the vehicle and steering system dynamics. Furthermore, advanced steering functions are implemented in modern
EPAS
systems to improve the comfort of driving and to support vehicle functionalities. This chapter gives a detailed overview of the mechanical and electrical system components and their principle concept based on a column
EPAS
system from the global steering system supplier
NSK
. Finally, a brief overview is given about safety regulations and the corresponding system approach.
A Stereospecific Synthesis and Unambiguous Assignment of the Absolute Configuration of (−)‐erythro‐Mefloquine Hydrochloride
Authors: Zhou Gang , Liu Xian , Liu Xueying , Nie Huifang , Zhang Shengyong , Chen Weiping 
Published: December 2013

Abstract(−)‐erythro‐Mefloquine hydrochloride was synthesized stereospecifically from commercially available (S)‐(−)‐1‐Boc‐2‐piperidinecarboxylic acid in four steps without disturbing the chiral center, and the absolute configuration of (−)‐erythro‐mefloquine hydrochloride was unambiguously determined as (11R,12S). (11S,12R)‐(+)‐erythro‐Mefloquine hydrochloride was synthesized utilizing [(S,S)‐TsDpen]Ru(p‐cymene)Cl complexes‐catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of pyridyl ketone 7 as the key step, and the sense of asymmetric induction of 2‐pyridyl ketone 7 is opposite to that of normal ketones in the transfer hydrogenation. Our results confirm the correctness of the determination of the absolute configuration by three physical chemistry methods, and, unbelievably, the erroneous assignments by all previous five asymmetric syntheses.magnified image