bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling organizational learning from rescue operations
Authors: Pilemalm Sofie , Andersson Dennis , Yousefi Mojir Kayvan 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the re-development process of the Swedish Rescue Services Incident Reporting System from an organizational learning perspective with the purpose to suggest what is needed to enable long-term learning from rescue operations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is carried out as a case study relying on interviews, participant observation and workshop methods. The study case is the Swedish Incident Reporting System.

Findings
– The objectives expressed by the central agency leading the studied process aimed at implementing double-loop learning objectives by revising the incident reports and to improve future operations accordingly. In practice this objective was lost along the way, with the agency focussing on cosmetic changes to the report such as terminology, attributes and labels. Meanwhile the local rescue services expressed different and concrete needs, requiring new system functionality, case/experience based learning, process improvements and organizational development. A number of suggestions of such measures are provided by the study, to be used by rescue services and other response organizations.

Originality/value
– The case stands out because the re-development process is driven by one stakeholder, with the ambition to include multiple stakeholders’ needs. The study should be of specific interest to fire rescue services world-wide. However, considering that many tasks, learning and evaluation aspects of rescue operations are similar regardless of type of first responder involved (e.g. in firefighting, traffic accidents, and cardiac arrests), the results are also of interest to emergency management in general.
Incident command training: the introspect model
Authors: Jane Lamb Katherine , Davies Jim , Bowley Richard , Williams John-Paul 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the use of simulation in both the development and assessment of Fire & Rescue Service incident commanders. Continuous development and assessment is required due to a reduction in incident numbers causing skill fade.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper details the development and implementation of the “Introspect model” of assessment by Oxfordshire Fire & Rescue Service (OFRS) over a five-year time-span, and discusses its key findings in line with current decision-making ideologies and principles.

Findings
– The “Introspect model” provides a unique assessment and development tool, which adheres to current national guidelines. It is also an accredited component of incident commander development within OFRS. The authors propose that this model becomes “best practice” for other Fire and Rescue Services.

Practical implications
– The national use of the “Introspect model” will ensure that all incident commanders benefit from understanding the rationale behind their decisions, striving towards a universal state of unconscious competence within incident command nationally on the fire-ground.

Originality/value
– The originality/value of this paper lies in an in-depth analysis of simulation-based software for the development and assessment of incident commanders. This paper is the first to suggest a model of “best practice” regarding the assessment and development of Fire and Rescue Service incident commanders.
Incentives and limits in letters of intent: are they worth the paper they’re written on?
Authors: J.V. Fox Sarah 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review the extensive case law in England and Wales on contractually binding letters of intent. The research focused on discovering whether the limits commonly found in binding letters of intent were upheld by the courts and so were effective in practice. It also reviews whether these limits are, as presumed by drafters, sufficient to act as incentives to the parties to conclude the full contract. The paper uses case law to analyse and evaluate the legal and business efficacy of these limits and incentives. It considers the rationale for such limits and incentives before drawing its conclusions and making recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on cases in England and Wales to analyse the judicial interpretation of binding letters of intent. The author has adopted a black letter approach to this subject by focusing almost exclusively on primary sources. As there is no relevant legislation in England and Wales, the primary sources are case law. A limited literature review was adopted, as there is little commentary on this aspect of letters of intent and to ensure the paper’s originality. The paper also considers papers published by the Society for Construction Law.

Findings
– The paper demonstrates that even if the drafting of the letter of intent is clear, it is the conduct of the parties after a letter of intent which prevents the stated limits on work times or cost applying, and undermines these limits in their roles as incentives intended to persuade the parties to conclude the full contract for the project. The terms of the letter of intent are easily ousted and may not be strictly enforced by the courts when a dispute arises.

Practical implications
– The paper concludes with recommendations for ensuring the terms of the commonly used letters of intent provide more effective limits on the liability for the employer while giving the constructor the incentive to continue negotiating and concluding a formal contract for the works. The paper also recommends changes to the guidance to be given to users of standard form letters of intent to improve their efficacy as limited contracts.

Originality/value
– The analysis of the cases is instructive and the recommendations provide valuable pointers for those who draft, review or agree letters of intent. The issues that are dealt with relate to how the parties can be incentivised through clear drafting to execute a more comprehensive contract for the project.
It’s just not fair: exploring the effects of firm customization on unfairness perceptions, trust and loyalty
Authors: Nguyen Bang , “Phil” Klaus Philipp , Simkin Lyndon 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to (a) develop a conceptual framework exploring the relationships between perceived negative firm customization, unfairness perceptions, and customer loyalty intentions, and (b) investigate the moderating effects of trust in these relationships. The study explores how customizing offers to match customers’ individual needs and how treating customers differentially provoke unfairness perceptions among those not being considered most important. While the literature discusses unfairness perceptions of pricing, promotion, and service, less is known about unfairness in customization practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a survey approach, 443 completed questionnaires we collected. Following validation of our item measures, a hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to test the conceptual model and hypothesized linkages between our constructs.

Findings
– The results demonstrate that customers’ negative perceptions of customization increase their unfairness perceptions. Unfairness perceptions drastically reduce customer loyalty intentions with trust acting as a significant moderator. Trust increases loyalty intentions even when unfairness perceptions are present. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding how firms may improve their perceived fairness. This increase in perceived fairness creates positive attributions, reduces negative customer experience perceptions and increases loyalty intentions.

Originality/value
– Key contribution is the development and validation of a conceptual model explaining the linkages between firm customization and unfairness perceptions, firm customization and customer loyalty intentions and the moderating role of trust between these relationships. This study extends the understanding of how customization practices impact unfairness perceptions and, subsequently, influence consumers’ perceptions, intentions and behavior.
Sustainable consumption and the UK’s leading retailers
Authors: Jones Peter , Hillier David , Comfort Daphne 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer an exploratory case study of how the UK’s leading retailers are addressing sustainable consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper begins with a discussion of the growing awareness of the importance of sustainable consumption and of the role that retailers can play in promoting more sustainable patterns of consumption. This is followed by a short literature review of current thinking on sustainable consumption. The paper draws its empirical information from the top ten UK retailers’ corporate websites and from an observational survey conducted in these retailers’ largest stores in the town of Cheltenham in the UK. The paper concludes with some reflections on how the UK’s leading retailers are addressing sustainable consumption and on how the concept fits into their business models.

Findings
– The findings reveal that the UK’s top ten retailers make very limited public corporate commitments to sustainable consumption and that while some of these retailers were offering customers some information which might encourage more sustainable shopping behaviour, such information was systematically undermined by marketing messages which were designed to encourage rather than restrict consumption. More critically the paper concludes that the leading retailers’ commitments to sustainable consumption are couched within existing business models centred on continuing growth and that as such they are effectively ignoring the fact that present levels of consumption are not sustainable.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an accessible review of the extent to which the UK’s leading food retailers are addressing sustainable consumption and communicating sustainable consumption agendas to their customers within stores, and, as such, it will be of value to academics, practitioners, consumer organizations and policymakers interested in the role retailers can play in promoting sustainable consumption.
Cause-related marketing (CaRM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Authors: Jahdi Khosro 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to investigate the basis of conveying a socially responsible image of organisations through a cause-related marketing (CaRM) approach.Design/methodology/approach– The research was conducted mainly through the evaluation and review of material on the subject area, i.e. secondary research.Findings– The findings of the research indicate that CaRM has the potential to improve an organisation’s stance in the society and depict it as a socially responsible entity. One major finding of the research is that without an appropriate and relevant “strategic fit”, time and effort invested in CaRM might prove futile.Research limitations/implications– The limited material on the subject of CaRM in general and its relationship with CSR in particular makes the task of preparing such a paper something of a challenge.Practical implications– The results show that the quality of an organisation’s image and reputation in the eyes of its stakeholders can be influenced by its CSR-related initiatives. However, the firm should invest time and money to make this feasible.Social implications– The absence of a strategic fit between a firm and its cause could prove to be counter-productive in the societyvis-à-visits corporate image and reputation.Originality/value– This paper adds to previous CSR- and marketing-related research and publications and aims to provide an insight into the dynamics of CaRM.
Quantifying invasion risk: the relationship between establishment probability and founding population size
Authors: Duncan Richard P. , Blackburn Tim M. , Rossinelli Silvia , Bacher Sven 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Invasive species usually start out as small colonizing populations that are prone to extinction through demographic stochasticity and Allee effects, leading to a positive relationship between establishment probability and founding population size. However, establishment success also depends on the environment to which species are introduced: for a given species, some locations will be more favourable for establishment than others.

We present equations for modelling the expected relationship between establishment probability and founding population size when demographic stochasticity, Allee effects and, for the first time, environmental heterogeneity are operating.

We show that heterogeneity in environmental conditions can change the shape of the relationship between establishment probability and founding population size through a disproportionate decline in the probability of establishment in larger populations, the opposite of an Allee effect. This outcome is likely in most empirical data sets relating founding population size to establishment probability, and highlights that unfavourable environments are often the major cause of establishment failures. It also emphasizes the insights that can be gained from applying models with a theoretical underpinning.
Linking aquatic and terrestrial environments: can beaver canals serve as movement corridors for pond‐breeding amphibians?
Authors: Anderson N. L. , Paszkowski C. A. , Hood G. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBeaversCastor canadensisare well known as ecosystem engineers for creating ponds by damming streams. However, in wetlands with soft substrates and shallow banks, beavers often dig networks of foraging canals, the ecological effects of which have received little study. We examined how canals are used by pond‐breeding amphibians during dispersal and migration between aquatic and terrestrial habitat, focusing on the wood frogLithobates sylvaticus, inMiquelonLakeProvincialPark,Alberta,Canada. In late summer, the number of emigrating young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) wood frogs encountered at drift fences in riparian zones was highest at beaver canals and declined with distance from canal edges. On visual encounter surveys along the pond perimeter,YOYand adult wood frogs were up to nine times more abundant on beaver canals than along shorelines not modified by beavers. Beaver canals provided habitat for adult wood frogs and also functioned as movement corridors for emigratingYOYfrogs, with possible implications for survival to maturity, meta‐population dynamics and nutrient transfer between aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Association between serrated polyps and the risk of synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia in average‐risk individuals
Authors: Ng S. C. , Ching J. Y. L. , Chan V. C. W. , Wong M. C. S. , Tang R. , Wong S. , Luk A. K. C. , Lam T. Y. T. , Gao Q. , Chan A. W. H. , Wu J. C. Y. , Chan F. K. L. , Lau J. Y. W. , Sung J. J. Y. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundSerrated polyps of the colorectum have distinct histological features and malignant potential.AimTo assess the association between the presence of serrated polyps and synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia.MethodsAmong 4989 asymptomatic Chinese individuals aged 50–70 years who underwent screening colonoscopy, 281 cases with advanced neoplasia (adenoma ≥1 cm, with tubulovillous/villous histology, with high‐grade dysplasia, or invasive adenocarcinoma) were compared with 4708 controls without advanced neoplasia for age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, family history of colorectal cancer and the presence of serrated polyps. Independent predictors of advanced neoplasia were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of advanced neoplasia and serrated polyps (excluding small distal hyperplastic polyps) was 5.7% and 5.6%, respectively. 3.7% and 0.4% subjects had proximal and large (≥10 mm) serrated polyps, respectively. Independent predictors of synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia were the presence of sessile serrated adenomas (OR: 4.52; 95% CI: 2.40–8.49), proximal serrated polyps (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.38–3.60), large serrated polyps (OR: 59.25; 95% CI: 18.85–186.21), hyperplastic polyps (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03–2.67), three or more serrated polyps (OR: 4.86; 95% CI: 1.24–19.15) and one or more non‐advanced tubular adenomas (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 2.59–4.96).ConclusionDetection of proximal, sessile and/or large serrated polyps at screening colonoscopy is independently associated with an increased risk for synchronous advanced neoplasia.
Regression Analysis of Mixed Recurrent-Event and Panel-Count Data with Additive Rate Models
Authors: Zhu Liang , Zhao Hui , Sun Jianguo , Leisenring Wendy , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: October 2014

Summary
Event-history studies of recurrent events are often conducted in fields such as demography, epidemiology, medicine, and social sciences (Cook and Lawless, 2007, The Statistical Analysis of Recurrent Events. New York: Springer-Verlag; Zhao et al., 2011, Test 20, 1–42). For such analysis, two types of data have been extensively investigated: recurrent-event data and panel-count data. However, in practice, one may face a third type of data, mixed recurrent-event and panel-count data or mixed event-history data. Such data occur if some study subjects are monitored or observed continuously and thus provide recurrent-event data, while the others are observed only at discrete times and hence give only panel-count data. A more general situation is that each subject is observed continuously over certain time periods but only at discrete times over other time periods. There exists little literature on the analysis of such mixed data except that published by Zhu et al. (2013, Statistics in Medicine 32, 1954–1963). In this article, we consider the regression analysis of mixed data using the additive rate model and develop some estimating equation-based approaches to estimate the regression parameters of interest. Both finite sample and asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established, and the numerical studies suggest that the proposed methodology works well for practical situations. The approach is applied to a Childhood Cancer Survivor Study that motivated this study.
A Comparison of Maternal Attitudes to Breastfeeding in Public and the Association with Breastfeeding Duration in Four European Countries: Results of a Cohort Study
Authors: Scott Jane A. , Kwok Yin Ying , Synnott Kate , Bogue Joe , Amarri Sergio , Norin Elizabeth , Gil Angel , Edwards Christine A. ,   Other Members of the INFABIO Project Team
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is wide variation in the duration of breastfeeding across Europe which may in part be due to the between‐country differences in mothers' and societal attitudes towards breastfeeding in public. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the maternal attitudes to, and practice of, breastfeeding in public in four European centers and investigate the association with duration of breastfeeding.MethodsParticipants (n = 389) were mothers recruited from maternity wards of hospitals in Glasgow (Scotland), Stockholm (Sweden), Granada (Spain), and Reggio‐Emilia (Italy).ResultsAmong those who had breastfed, Scottish (adjOR 0.25 [95% CI 0.12–0.50]) and Italian mothers (adjOR 0.30 [95% CI 0.14–0.63]) were significantly less likely than Swedish mothers to have ever breastfed in public. Mothers who had a negative attitude toward breastfeeding in public were less likely to have ever breastfed in public (adjOR 0.05 [95% CI 0.02–0.17]), and those who had never breastfed in public were in turn more likely to discontinue breastfeeding earlier.ConclusionsPerceived social norms may exert a stronger influence on breastfeeding outcomes than a woman's breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge. Differences between European countries in the duration of breastfeeding may be explained in part by differences in societal attitudes to breastfeeding in public.
Hypogonadal symptoms in young men are associated with a serum total testosterone threshold of 400 ng/dL
Authors: Scovell Jason M. , Ramasamy Ranjith , Wilken Nathan , Kovac Jason R. , Lipshultz Larry I. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between hypogonadal symptoms and serum total testosterone (TT) levels in young men (aged <40 years), in an attempt to determine whether there exists a clear‐cut discriminatory threshold of TT below which hypogonadal symptoms become more prevalent.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of 352 men who presented to an outpatient Men's Health Clinic with chief complaint of ‘low testosterone’. Sexual, psychological and physical symptoms were evaluated using the Androgen deficiency in Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Serum levels of TT were collected on the same day that men completed their ADAM questionnaires. We subsequently performed univariate (t‐test, chi‐square) and multivariate analyses (ordinal logistic regression) to evaluate factors that predicted a low TT level.ResultsThe probability of hypogonadal symptoms increased at a serum TT level of 400 ng/dL. A cluster of symptoms: two psychological (‘decreased energy’, ‘sadness’), and three physical (‘decreased strength and endurance’, ‘decreased ability to play sports’, and ‘deterioration in work performance’) were most strongly associated with serum TT levels of <400 ng/dL. On multivariable analysis, only ‘lack of energy’ predicted a TT level of <400 ng/dL.ConclusionsHypogonadal symptoms in men aged <40 years can be associated with a TT level of <400 ng/dL. Of the hypogonadal symptoms evaluated with the ADAM questionnaire, ‘lack of energy’ appears to be the most important symptom that predicts a TT level of <400 ng/dL.
Substance‐dependent women becoming mothers: breaking the cycle of adverse childhood experiences
Authors: Wiig Eli Marie , Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt , Halsa Astrid , Myhra Siv Merethe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractParenting may be particularly challenging for substance‐dependent mothers who have grown up with parents who themselves had substance use disorders (SUDs). The aim of this study was to explore how substance‐dependent mothers describe their childhood experiences with substance‐abusing parents and the association between these earlier experiences and their own role as caregivers. Using purposeful sampling, mothers admitted for 1 year to a family ward at a substance abuse clinic were approached. Through in‐depth, qualitative interviews, nine substance‐dependent mothers described their lives in the form of present, past and future tense. The findings indicate that substance‐dependent women, who have experienced SUDs in their families of origin, face several major challenges when they become mothers. Some describe having lived their whole lives ‘on the edge of society'. This makes their rehabilitation process more complex. All mothers work to abstain from substances, process traumatic experiences and integrate their family into society. They need help to build supportive social networks and to establish a safe and predictable family environment for themselves and their children. The therapeutic implications of these findings will be discussed.