bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Physical Activity in Medically Underserved Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical and Community Settings
Authors: Cooper John , Stetson Barbara , Bonner Jason , Spille Sean , Krishnasamy Sathya , Mokshagundam Sri Prakash 
Published: August 2014

Background:This study assessed physical activity (PA) in community dwelling adults with Type 2 diabetes, using multiple instruments reflecting internationally normed PA and diabetes-specific self-care behaviors.Methods:Two hundred and fifty-three Black (44.8%) and White (55.2%) Americans [mean age = 57.93; 39.5% male] recruited at low-income clinic and community health settings. Participants completed validated PA self-report measures developed for international comparisons (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form), characterization of diabetes self-care (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure; SDSCA) and exercise-related domains including provider recommendations and PA behaviors and barriers (Personal Diabetes Questionnaire; PDQ).Results:Self-reported PA and PA correlates differed by instrument. BMI was negatively correlated with PA level assessed by the PDQ in both genders, and assessed with SDSCA activity items in females. PA levels were low, comparable to previous research with community and diabetes samples. Pain was the most frequently reported barrier; females reported more frequent PA barriers overall.Conclusions:When using self-report PA measures for PA evaluation of adults with diabetes in clinical settings, it is critical to consider population and setting in selecting appropriate tools. PA barriers may be an important consideration when interpreting PA levels and developing interventions. Recommendations for incorporating these measures in clinical and research settings are discussed.
Pilot Trial of a Social Cognitive Theory-Based Physical Activity Intervention Delivered by Nonsupervised Technology in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Suh Yoojin , Motl Robert W. , Olsen Connor , Joshi Ina 
Published: August 2014

Background:Physical inactivity is prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and this highlights the importance of developing behavioral interventions for increasing physical activity (PA) in MS. This pilot trial examined the efficacy of a 6-week, behavioral intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) delivered by newsletters and phone calls for increasing PA in persons with MS who were physically inactive and had middle levels of self-efficacy.Methods:The sample included 68 persons with relapsing-remitting MS who were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received SCT-based information by newsletters and phone calls, whereas the controls received information regarding topics such as stress management over 6 weeks. Participants completed self-report of PA and social cognitive variables.Results:The intervention group had a significant increase in self-reported PA (d = 0.56, P = .02) over the 6 weeks, but the controls had a nonsignificant change (d = –0.13, P = .45). Goal setting was changed in the intervention group (d = 0.68, P ≤ .01) and identified as a significant mediator of change in self-reported PA.Conclusions:This study provides initial evidence for the benefit of a theory-based behavioral intervention for increasing PA in MS.
Regulation of Gene Expression in Diverse Cyanobacterial Species by Using Theophylline-Responsive Riboswitches
Authors: Ma Amy T. , Schmidt Calvin M. , Golden James W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that are currently being developed as biological production platforms. They derive energy from light and carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide, and some species can fix atmospheric nitrogen. One advantage of developing cyanobacteria for renewable production of biofuels and other biological products is that they are amenable to genetic manipulation, facilitating bioengineering and synthetic biology. To expand the currently available genetic toolkit, we have demonstrated the utility of synthetic theophylline-responsive riboswitches for effective regulation of gene expression in four diverse species of cyanobacteria, including two recent isolates. We evaluated a set of six riboswitches driving the expression of a yellow fluorescent protein reporter in
Synechococcus elongatus
PCC 7942,
Leptolyngbya
sp. strain BL0902,
Anabaena
sp. strain PCC 7120, and
Synechocystis
sp. strain WHSyn. We demonstrated that riboswitches can offer regulation of gene expression superior to that of the commonly used isopropyl-β-
d
-thiogalactopyranoside induction of a
lacI
q
-P

trc

promoter system. We also showed that expression of the toxic protein SacB can be effectively regulated, demonstrating utility for riboswitch regulation of proteins that are detrimental to biomass accumulation. Taken together, the results of this work demonstrate the utility and ease of use of riboswitches in the context of genetic engineering and synthetic biology in diverse cyanobacteria, which will facilitate the development of algal biotechnology.
Engineered Pentafunctional Minicellulosome for Simultaneous Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liang Youyun , Si Tong , Ang Ee Lui , Zhao Huimin 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Several yeast strains have been engineered to express different cellulases to achieve simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic materials. However, successes in these endeavors were modest, as demonstrated by the relatively low ethanol titers and the limited ability of the engineered yeast strains to grow using cellulosic materials as the sole carbon source. Recently, substantial enhancements to the breakdown of cellulosic substrates have been observed when lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) were added to traditional cellulase cocktails. LPMOs are reported to cleave cellulose oxidatively in the presence of enzymatic electron donors such as cellobiose dehydrogenases. In this study, we coexpressed LPMOs and cellobiose dehydrogenases with cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, and β-glucosidases in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. These enzymes were secreted and docked onto surface-displayed miniscaffoldins through cohesin-dockerin interaction to generate pentafunctional minicellulosomes. The enzymes on the miniscaffoldins acted synergistically to boost the degradation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose and increased the ethanol titers from our previously achieved levels of 1.8 to 2.7 g/liter. In addition, the newly developed recombinant yeast strain was also able to grow using phosphoric acid swollen cellulose as the sole carbon source. The results demonstrate the promise of the pentafunctional minicellulosomes for consolidated bioprocessing by yeast.
Newly Identified Thermostable Esterase from Sulfobacillus acidophilus: Properties and Performance in Phthalate Ester Degradation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yan , Fan Xiang , Qiu Yong-Jun , Li Cheng-Yuan , Xing Shuai , Zheng Yi-Tao , Xu Jian-He 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

EstS1, a newly identified thermostable esterase from
Sulfobacillus acidophilus
DSM10332, was heterologously expressed in
Escherichia coli
and shown to enzymatically degrade phthalate esters (PAEs) to their corresponding monoalkyl PAEs. The optimal pH and temperature of the esterase were found to be 8.0 and 70°C, respectively. The half-life of EstS1 at 60°C was 15 h, indicating that the enzyme had good thermostability. The specificity constant (
k
cat
/

K
m

) of the enzyme for
p
-nitrophenyl butyrate was as high as 6,770 mM
−1
s
−1
. The potential value of EstS1 was demonstrated by its ability to effectively hydrolyze 35 to 82% of PAEs (10 mM) within 2 min at 37°C, with all substrates being completely degraded within 24 h. At 60°C, the time required for complete hydrolysis of most PAEs was reduced by half. To our knowledge, this enzyme is a new esterase identified from thermophiles that is able to degrade various PAEs at high temperatures.
Use of Nonionic Surfactants for Improvement of Terpene Production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kirby James , Nishimoto Minobu , Chow Ruthie W. N. , Pasumarthi Venkata N. , Chan Rossana , Chan Leanne Jade G. , Petzold Christopher J. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

To facilitate enzyme and pathway engineering, a selection was developed for improved sesquiterpene titers in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. α-Bisabolene, a candidate advanced biofuel, was found to protect yeast against the disruptive action of nonionic surfactants such as Tween 20 (T20). An experiment employing competition between two strains of yeast, one of which makes twice as much bisabolene as the other, demonstrated that growth in the presence of T20 provided sufficient selective pressure to enrich the high-titer strain to form 97% of the population. Following this, various methods were used to mutagenize the bisabolene synthase (BIS) coding sequence, coupled with selection by subculturing in the presence of T20. Mutagenesis targeting the BIS active site did not yield an improvement in bisabolene titers, although mutants were found which made a mixture of α-bisabolene and β-farnesene, another candidate biofuel. Based on evidence that the 3′ end of the BIS mRNA may be unstable in yeast, we randomly recoded the last 20 amino acids of the enzyme and, following selection in T20, found a variant which increased specific production of bisabolene by more than 30%. Since T20 could enrich a mixed population, efficiently removing strains that produced little or no bisabolene, we investigated whether it could also be applied to sustain high product titers in a monoculture for an extended period. Cultures grown in the presence of T20 for 14 days produced bisabolene at titers up to 4-fold higher than cultures grown with an overlay of dodecane, used to sequester the terpene product, and 20-fold higher than cultures grown without dodecane.
Gene Cluster Responsible for Secretion of and Immunity to Multiple Bacteriocins, the NKR-5-3 Enterocins
Authors: Ishibashi Naoki , Himeno Kohei , Masuda Yoshimitsu , Perez Rodney Honrada , Iwatani Shun , Zendo Takeshi , Wilaipun Pongtep , Leelawatcharamas Vichien , Nakayama Jiro , Sonomoto Kenji 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
NKR-5-3, isolated from Thai fermented fish, is characterized by the unique ability to produce five bacteriocins, namely, enterocins NKR-5-3A, -B, -C, -D, and -Z (Ent53A, Ent53B, Ent53C, Ent53D, and Ent53Z). Genetic analysis with a genome library revealed that the bacteriocin structural genes (
enkA
[
ent53A
],
enkC
[
ent53C
],
enkD
[
ent53D
], and
enkZ
[
ent53Z
]) that encode these peptides (except for Ent53B) are located in close proximity to each other. This NKR-5-3ACDZ (Ent53ACDZ) enterocin gene cluster (approximately 13 kb long) includes certain bacteriocin biosynthetic genes such as an ABC transporter gene (
enkT
), two immunity genes (
enkIaz
and
enkIc
), a response regulator (
enkR
), and a histidine protein kinase (
enkK
). Heterologous-expression studies of
enkT
and Δ
enkT
mutant strains showed that
enkT
is responsible for the secretion of Ent53A, Ent53C, Ent53D, and Ent53Z, suggesting that EnkT is a wide-range ABC transporter that contributes to the effective production of these bacteriocins. In addition, EnkIaz and EnkIc were found to confer self-immunity to the respective bacteriocins. Furthermore, bacteriocin induction assays performed with the Δ
enkRK
mutant strain showed that EnkR and EnkK are regulatory proteins responsible for bacteriocin production and that, together with Ent53D, they constitute a three-component regulatory system. Thus, the Ent53ACDZ gene cluster is essential for the biosynthesis and regulation of NKR-5-3 enterocins, and this is, to our knowledge, the first report that demonstrates the secretion of multiple bacteriocins by an ABC transporter.
Poly(3-Hydroxypropionate): a Promising Alternative to Fossil Fuel-Based Materials
Authors: Andreeßen Björn , Taylor Nicolas , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage compounds synthesized by numerous microorganisms and have attracted the interest of industry since they are biobased and biodegradable alternatives to fossil fuel-derived plastics. Among PHAs, poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] has outstanding material characteristics and exhibits a large variety of applications. As it is not brittle like, e.g., the best-studied PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)], it can be used as a plasticizer in blends to improve their properties. Furthermore, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is considered likely to become one of the new industrial building blocks, and it can be obtained from poly(3HP) by simple hydrolysis. Unfortunately, no natural organism is known to accumulate poly(3HP) so far. Thus, several efforts have been made to engineer genetically modified organisms capable of synthesizing the homopolymer or copolymers containing 3HP. In this review, the achievements made so far in efforts to obtain biomass which has accumulated poly(3HP) or 3HP-containing copolymers, as well as the properties of these polyesters and their applications, are compiled and evaluated.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Mosaic Bacteriophage, Waukesha92
Authors: Sauder A. Brooke , Carter Brandon , Langouet Astrie Christophe , Temple Louise 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of a mosaic bacteriophage, Waukesha92, which was isolated from soil using
Bacillus thuringiensis
as the host organism. This temperate
Myoviridae
bacteriophage has similarities to phages SpaA1 and BceA1 and the
Bacillus thuringiensis
plasmid pBMB165.
Complete Genome Sequence of Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophage vB_EamM_Ea35-70
Authors: Yagubi Abdelbaset I. , Castle Alan J. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Banks Travis W. , Svircev Antonet M. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The complete genome of an
Erwinia amylovora
bacteriophage, vB_EamM_Ea35-70 (Ea35-70), is 271,084 bp, encodes 318 putative proteins, and contains one tRNA. Comparative analysis with other
Myoviridae
genomes suggests that Ea35-70 is related to the
Phikzlikevirus
genus within the family
Myoviridae
, since 26% of Ea35-70 proteins share homology to proteins in
Pseudomonas
phage φKZ.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Falsirhodobacter
sp. Strain alg1, an Alginate-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Fermented Brown Algae
Authors: Mori Tetsushi , Takahashi Mami , Tanaka Reiji , Shibata Toshiyuki , Kuroda Kouichi , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Takeyama Haruko 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Falsirhodobacter
sp. alg1 is an alginate-degrading bacterium, the second species from the nonphototrophic bacterial genus
Falsirhodobacter
. We report the first draft genome of a bacterium from this genus and point out possible important features related to alginate assimilation and its evolutionary aspects.
Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis C2, a Cerebrospinal Fluid Clinical Isolate from Central India
Authors: Kashyap Rajpal S. , Bhullar Shradha S. , More Ravi P. , Puranik Sampada , Purohit Hemant J. , Taori Girdhar M. , Daginawala Hatim F. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the annotated genome sequence of a
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
clinical isolate from the cerebrospinal fluid of a tuberculous meningitis patient admitted to the Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Weissella ceti Strain WS08, Isolated from Diseased Rainbow Trout in Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo H. C. P. , Leal G. , Pereira F. L. , Soares S. C. , Dorella F. A. , Carvalho A. F. , Pereira U. P. , Azevedo V. A. C. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Weissella ceti
strain WS08, an emerging pathogen to farm-raised rainbow trout. The genome of strain WS08 is composed of a circular chromosome with 1,355,853 bp and a G+C content of 40.78%.
Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of a Campylobacter jejuni Strain, MTVDSCj20, Isolated from a Naturally Colonized Farm-Raised Chicken
Authors: Taveirne Michael E. , Dunham Drew T. , Miller William G. , Parker Craig T. , Huynh Steven , DiRita Victor J. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a major cause of human food-borne illness, with contaminated poultry products serving as a main source of human infection.
C. jejuni
strain MTVDSCj20 was isolated from the cecal contents of a farm-raised chicken that was naturally colonized with
Campylobacter
. We present here the complete annotated genome sequence of MTVDSCj20.
More than just a ‘runny nose’: a rare diagnosis of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea for a common symptom
Authors: Berhanu Aaron Elias , Pauli Natalie P 
Published: August 2014

SummaryPrimary spontaneous cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is a rare disease associated with female gender, obesity and empty sella syndrome. The authors describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented to her primary care physician with a 2-week history of drainage of a clear fluid from her right nostril that was initially treated as allergic rhinitis. A non-contrast CT scan revealed mucosal thickening in the right sphenoid sinus and a possible defect in the adjacent skull base. The patient initially declined a CT cisternogram, which provides greater sensitivity in assessing for a CSF leak. Nasal secretions tested positive for β-2-transferrin, which is highly sensitive and specific for CSF. After conservative interventions failed, a pedicled septal mucoperichondrial flap was used to patch the skeletal defect. At her 5-month follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic.
One-handed chest compression technique for paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: dominant versus non-dominant hand
Authors: Oh Je Hyeok , Kim Chan Woong , Kim Sung Eun , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Sang Jin 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundPediatric resuscitation guidelines do not specify which hand to use for one-handed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a difference in the quality of one-handed chest compressions (OHCCs) using the dominant versus non-dominant hand in simulated paediatric CPR.Materials and methods41 doctors took part in the study. Chest compressions were alternately performed with the dominant (test 1) and non-dominant hand (test 2) in a random order at 30 min intervals. Experiments were carried out with a 5-year-old paediatric manikin without ventilation for 2 min. Data on average compression rate (per min) and average compression depth (mm) were collected and compared.ResultsNo significant differences were found in the average compression rate (118.0±14.3/min vs 117.3±14.5/min, p=0.610) and average compression depth (41.3±5.6mm vs 41.9±4.1mm, p=0.327) between tests 1 and 2.ConclusionsNo significant difference was found in the quality of OHCCs using the dominant and non-dominant hand in simulated paediatric CPR. The study suggests there is no need for paediatric resuscitation guidelines to state a preferred hand for performing OHCC.
Addendum: "(1, 2) and weak (1, 3) homotopies on knot projections"
Authors: Ito Noboru , Takimura Yusuke 
Published: August 2014

After this paper was published, the following information about doodles was pointed out by Roger Fenn. A doodle was introduced by Fenn and Taylor [2], which is a finite collection of closed curves without triple intersections on a closed oriented surface considered up to the second flat Reidemeister moves with the condition (*) that each component has no self-intersections. Khovanov [4] introduced doodle groups, and for his process, he considered doodles under a more generalized setting (i.e. removing the condition (*) and permitting the first flat Reidemeister moves). He showed [4, Theorem 2.2], a result similar to our [3, Theorem 2.2(c)]. He also pointed out that [1, Corollary 2.8.9] gives a result similar to [4, Theorem 2.2]. The authors first noticed the above results by Fenn and Khovanov via personal communication with Fenn, and therefore, the authors would like to thank Roger Fenn for these references.
Development of Novel ADCs: Conjugation of Tubulysin Analogues to Trastuzumab Monitored by Dual Radiolabeling
Authors: Cohen Ruth , Vugts Danielle J. , Visser Gerard W.M. , Stigter-van Walsum Marijke , Bolijn Marije , Spiga Marco , Lazzari Paolo , Shankar Sreejith , Sani Monica , Zanda Matteo , van Dongen Guus A.M.S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tubulysins are highly toxic tubulin-targeting agents with a narrow therapeutic window that are interesting for application in antibody–drug conjugates (ADC). For full control over drug–antibody ratio (DAR) and the effect thereof on pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting, a dual-labeling approach was developed, wherein the drug, tubulysin variants, and the antibody, the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab, are radiolabeled. 131I-radioiodination of two synthetic tubulysin A analogues, the less potent TUB-OH (IC50 &gt; 100 nmol/L) and the potent TUB-OMOM (IC50, ∼1 nmol/L), and their direct covalent conjugation to 89Zr-trastuzumab were established. Radioiodination of tubulysins was 92% to 98% efficient and conversion to N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters more than 99%; esters were isolated in an overall yield of 68% ± 5% with radiochemical purity of more than 99.5%. Conjugation of 131I-tubulysin–NHS esters to 89Zr-trastuzumab was 45% to 55% efficient, resulting in ADCs with 96% to 98% radiochemical purity after size-exclusion chromatography. ADCs were evaluated for their tumor-targeting potential and antitumor effects in nude mice with tumors that were sensitive or resistant to trastuzumab, using ado-trastuzumab emtansine as a reference. ADCs appeared stable in vivo. An average DAR of 2 and 4 conferred pharmacokinetics and tumor-targeting behavior similar to parental trastuzumab. Efficacy studies using single-dose TUB-OMOM–trastuzumab (DAR 4) showed dose-dependent antitumor effects, including complete tumor eradications in trastuzumab-sensitive tumors in vivo. TUB-OMOM–trastuzumab (60 mg/kg) displayed efficacy similar to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (15 mg/kg) yet more effective than trastuzumab. Our findings illustrate the potential of synthetic tubulysins in ADCs for cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 74(20); 5700–10. ©2014 AACR.
Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure among Smokers Not Intending to Quit
Authors: Hammond David , O'Connor Richard J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: The U.S. FDA has the authority to limit the nicotine content of cigarettes; however, there are concerns that reduced nicotine cigarettes will be smoked more intensely and, therefore, will increase exposure to toxic chemicals in smoke. This study examined changes in consumer behavior and exposure in response to cigarettes with substantially reduced nicotine content.
Methods: Seventy-two adult smokers completed an unblinded trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes. Participants completed a 7-day baseline period during which they smoked their usual cigarette brand, followed by consecutive 7-day periods smoking cigarettes with progressively lower nicotine levels (0.6, 0.3, and 0.05 mg emission Quest cigarettes). Nicotine dependence and withdrawal, smoking behavior, and biomarkers of exposure were assessed for each 7-day period.
Results: Significant reductions in nicotine intake were observed between usual brand smoking (∼1.2 mg nicotine) and the 0.3 and 0.05 mg nicotine emission cigarettes, but not the 0.6 mg cigarette. The findings provide little evidence of compensatory smoking of Quest cigarettes, with no increases in exhaled breath carbon monoxide levels, smoking intensity, or levels of 1-hydroxypyrene across study periods. No significant differences were observed for smoking urges or measures of nicotine dependence.
Conclusions: The study adds to the evidence that cigarettes with markedly reduced nicotine content are not associated with increased smoking intensity or exposure to smoke toxicants.
Impact: The findings add to the evidence base on reduced nicotine content cigarettes and have the potential to inform FDA policy on nicotine levels. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2032–40. ©2014 AACR.