bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
62 years of gastrointestinal research: 1951–2013
Authors: Guth Paul H 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn 1951, I began a 2‐year postdoctoral research fellowship under Dr Simon Komarov at Temple University. Later, as a staff gastroenterologist at the Orange County General Hospital in California, I was interested in the possible role of blood flow alterations in peptic ulcer disease. We adapted Silvio Baez's just described in vivo microscopy technique to study blood flow in the gastric microcirculation in the anesthetized cat. In 1969, I joined the Gastroenterology Service at the West Los Angeles Veterans Administration (VA), primarily because of the presence there of Dr Morton Grossman, one of the leading researchers in gastrointestinal physiology. The most important lesson I learned from Dr Grossman was the importance of openness—investigators sharing their ideas, thoughts, and findings. Dr Harold Wayland, Professor, California Institute of Technology, helped me in setting up my laboratory at the VA and arranged with his friend Dr Masaharu Tsuchiya, Chair of Gastroenterology at Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, for a collaborative effort with fellows from Keio coming for 2‐year fellowships with us (under my grant). Harold introduced us to the fluorescein‐labeled albumen technique for the study of microvascular permeability. Later, Dr Jonathon Kaunitz, a colleague at the VA, and Kotaro Kaneko, my Keio University fellow, succeeded in modifying this technique to measure pHi in surface gastric cells in vivo. When I retired in 1993, Dr Kaunitz took charge of my laboratory. He and his associate Dr Akiba have completed extensive studies comparing and contrasting how stomach and duodenal surface cells defend themselves against acid loads. In the course of this work, they have become deeply involved in cell signaling and intracellular pathways when nutrients enter the duodenum. They have developed a technique for using confocal microscopy in vivo in this work. Dr Grossman was right: when investigators share their ideas, everyone benefits and science advances.
Exploratory study of pre‐surgical medications with dienogest or leuprorelin in laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrial cysts
Authors: Takenaka Motoki , Yano Ryuichiro , Hiraku Yuka , Shibata Mayuko , Hatano Kayoko , Yamamoto Shiori , Sato Kazuki , Yamamoto Kazushige , Morishige Ken‐ichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of pre‐surgical medication with dienogest or leuprorelin on post‐surgical ovarian function.Material and MethodsWe conducted an exploratory study in two centers in Japan that comprised 30 patients with ovarian endometrial cysts for whom surgical excision was planned. Patients were enrolled and divided into pre‐surgical medication groups with dienogest or leuprorelin for 12 weeks. Thereafter, patients were treated by laparoscopic cystectomy. The primary outcome was ovarian function post‐surgery, as assessed by serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level, antral follicle count (AFC) and resumption of menses. Secondary outcome was the effect of pre‐surgical medication, as assessed by the size of endometrial cysts and visual analog scale (VAS) score. Serum AMH, AFC, size of endometrial cysts, and VAS scores were measured at baseline (before medication), after medication (1 day before surgery), and at 4 and 12 weeks post‐surgery.ResultsSerum AMH levels did not change after pre‐surgical medication with either dienogest or leuprorelin. Although AMH decreased after surgery, it recovered by 12 weeks post‐surgery in both groups with no statistically significant difference. Mean AFC did not change after surgery in either group. Menses returned by 12 weeks post‐surgery in all patients except for those who were pregnant. The rate of reduction of endometrial cyst volume did not differ between the groups. Both dienogest and leuprorelin were associated with substantial reductions in VAS scores.ConclusionThere were no statistically significant differences between pre‐surgical medication with dienogest and leuprorelin in post‐surgical ovarian function. Both medications were effective in reducing endometrial cyst volume and VAS score.
Assessment of Angiographic Coronary Calcification and Plaque Composition in Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: AMANO HIDEO , IKEDA TAKANORI , TODA MIKIHITO , OKUBO RYO , YABE TAKAYUKI , KOIKE MAKIKO , SAITO DAIGA , YAMAZAKI JUNICHI 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesWe assessed the relation between coronary plaque composition and angiographic calcification by using virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH‐IVUS).BackgroundThe plaque vulnerability according to angiographic calcification is unclear.MethodsSubjects were 140 consecutive patients (145 lesions) undergoing VH‐IVUS before percutaneous coronary intervention. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: no calcification group (n = 27), spotty group (n = 65) that had calcium deposits under 90° in grayscale IVUS, intermediate group (n = 37) had calcium deposits with 90° or more and under 180°, and extensive group (n = 16) had calcium deposits with 180° or more.ResultsThe number of VH thin‐cap fibroatheromas in spotty group was significantly larger than no calcification group, intermediate group, and extensive group (0.66 ± 0.71 vs 0.22 ± 0.42 [P < 0.01], 0.32 ± 0.48 [P < 0.05], 0.13 ± 0.34 [P < 0.01], respectively). Spotty group without angiographic calcification had significantly larger %necrotic core than with angiographic calcification (24.5 ± 6.7% vs 19.9 ± 7.2%, P < 0.05). Intermediate group without angiographic calcification had significantly larger necrotic core area than with angiographic calcification (2.5 ± 0.9 mm2 vs 1.7 ± 0.9 mm2, P < 0.05). Extensive group with angiographic calcification had significantly larger %dense calcium than without angiographic calcification (18.3 ± 4.0% vs 13.4 ± 4.4%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsLesions with spotty calcification was highly vulnerable in VH‐IVUS. Spotty or intermediate plaque calcification without angiographic calcification was more vulnerable than those with angiographic calcification. Extensive plaque calcification with angiographic calcification had more dense calcium than those without angiographic calcification.
CPUY11018, an azimilide derivative, ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac insufficiency through relieving dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Li Meng , Tang Yi-Qun , Du Rong-Hui , Shi Fang-Hong , Hussein Humed Khan , Dai De-Zai , Dai Yin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Deterioration of cardiac performance under stress may be partly mediated by dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is likely related to an activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and an increase in pro-inflammatory factors. We investigated if a new compound CPUY11018 (CPUY) derived from Azimilide could ameliorate the stress impaired cardiac performance.

Methods
Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with isoproterenol (ISO, 1 ml/kg, s.c.) for 10 days. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts from neonate rats were incubated with ISO. CPUY was employed and compared with apocynin (APO) – an inhibitor of NOX.

Key findings
In ISO-treated group, the compromised haemodynamics and cardiac remodelling were significant with dysfunctional mitochondria indicated by decreased MnSOD and mitochondrial membrane potential, and an enhanced reactive oxygen species genesis. Downregulation of FKBP12.6, CASQ2 and SERCA2a was also remarkable in vivo and in vitro implying an abnormal ER. Upregulated Nox4, p22phox and p47phox were significant, associated with upregulation of Src, IκBβ and NFκB, and downregulation of pAMPK/AMPK and Cx40 in vivo and in vitro. These abnormalities were relieved by CPUY and APO.

Conclusions
CPUY is potential in managing cardiac insufficiency through normalizing mitochondria and ER in the affected heart.
Integrated Second Language Writing Assessment: Why? What? How?
Authors: Plakans Lia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntegrated writing assessment has appeared in large‐scale language tests as well as in classrooms focused on building academic language skills in a second language. Their increasing use is accompanied by research to explore the validity and usefulness of these tasks. This article reviews literature on integrated assessment via three questions asked in the assessment process: Why use integrated assessment? What does it tell us about writing? and How should we design such tasks?
The WOR1 5′ untranslated region regulates white‐opaque switching in Candida albicans by reducing translational efficiency
Authors: Guan Zhiyun , Liu Haoping 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe human fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes white‐opaque phenotypic switching, which enhances its adaptation to host niches. Switching is controlled by a transcriptional regulatory network of interlocking feedback loops acting on the transcription of WOR1, the master regulator of white‐opaque switching, but regulation of the network on the translational level is not yet explored. Here, we show that the long 5′ untranslated region of WOR1 regulates the white‐opaque phenotype. Deletion of the WOR1 5′ UTR promotes white‐to‐opaque switching and stabilizes the opaque state. The WOR1 5′ UTR reduces translational efficiency and the association of the transcript with polysomes. Reduced polysome association was observed for additional key regulators of cell fate and morphology with long 5′ UTR as well. Overall, we find a novel regulatory step of white‐opaque switching at the translational level. This translational regulation is implicated for many key regulators of cell fate and morphology in C. albicans.
Food habits of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) as an indicator of invasive species in San Francisco Bay, California
Authors: Gibble Corinne M. , Harvey James T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe diet of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in San Francisco Bay (SFB), California, was determined from July 2007 to July 2008 using prey hard parts recovered from 442 scats collected at five haul‐out sites. Twenty‐two species of fish and one species of crustacean were identified, but harbor seals primarily ate a nonnative invasive species, yellowfin goby (Acanthogobius flavimanus), which increased in dietary importance since the diet was last studied in 1991/1992. Additionally, another nonnative invasive fish species, chameleon goby (Tridentiger trigonocephalus), was found for the first time in the diet of harbor seals in SFB. Harbor seal diet was statistically different between years (1991/1992 and 2007/2008), between the pupping and nonpupping seasons, and between North SFB and South SFB haul‐out locations. The diet of harbor seals was significantly correlated with fish species caught in trawl surveys conducted by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) during the same time periods as this study (2007/2008). Harbor seals currently are influencing the health of the SFB ecosystem in a positive manner by consuming large quantities of nonnative invasive fish species.
Analyzing Complex Negotiations
Authors: Crump Larry 
Published: April 2015

Complex negotiations have been conducted for a long time, although until somewhat recently analysts had yet to conceptualize their fundamental nature, their essential elements, and the relationship between these elements. Over the past forty years, however, scholars have gained increasing understanding of the forces that shape negotiation complexity.In this article, I first review literature that has explored complex negotiations, which is found primarily in negotiation studies, and studies of international negotiation. I then develop a five‐part theoretical framework for analyzing complex negotiations: (1) identification of negotiation architecture, (2) context analysis, (3) process analysis, (4) structural and relational analysis, and (5) decisional analysis. I then demonstrate the utility of this five‐part framework by examining the U.S.–Australia Free Trade negotiations that produced the Australia–U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 2005. Finally, the article closes with some observations on complex negotiations and their analysis.
On the Production of Cognitive Achievement and Gaps in Test Scores
Authors: Creel Michael , Farell Montserrat 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAccumulation of cognitive achievement is investigated using an indirect production function, a dynamic econometric model and a rich data set. Gaps between scores of black and white children remain constant, narrow, or disappear entirely as children grow older, depending upon the measure and the family structure. Income elasticities are higher for children of black families, and there are differences in elasticities with respect to parents' educational levels. The effects of fathers' and mothers' educational levels differ. Between children of two‐parent families and mother‐only families, there is a gap that is at least as important as the racial gap.
Carotenoid‐enriched transgenic corn delivers bioavailable carotenoids to poultry and protects them against coccidiosis
Authors: Nogareda Carmina , Moreno Jose A. , Angulo Eduardo , Sandmann Gerhard , Portero Manuel , Capell Teresa , Zhu Changfu , Christou Paul 
Published: April 2015

SummaryCarotenoids are health‐promoting organic molecules that act as antioxidants and essential nutrients. We show that chickens raised on a diet enriched with an engineered corn variety containing very high levels of four key carotenoids (β‐carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) are healthy and accumulate more bioavailable carotenoids in peripheral tissues, muscle, skin and fat, and more retinol in the liver, than birds fed on standard corn diets (including commercial corn supplemented with colour additives). Birds were challenged with the protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella and those on the high‐carotenoid diet grew normally, suffered only mild disease symptoms (diarrhoea, footpad dermatitis and digital ulcers) and had lower faecal oocyst counts than birds on the control diet. Our results demonstrate that carotenoid‐rich corn maintains poultry health and increases the nutritional value of poultry products without the use of feed additives.
Founders, Finding, Being Found: Women's Wisdom in Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion
Authors: Hess Lisa M. , Brosmer Mary Pierce , Moore Mary Elizabeth Mullino 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis is an edited transcript of a conversation between two founding women on the delights and demands of teaching and learning within and beyond traditional institutional life, facilitated by Lisa M. Hess of the journal's Editorial Board. The conscious feminine practices of a women's writing school, Women Writing for (a) Change (Cincinnati, Ohio), created the circle‐container for the sharing of words and wisdom. Narrative, pedagogical, and organizational issues arose as the circle listened and examined the realities of contributing as a woman in higher education, yesterday and today.
Canine orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of 18 cases
Authors: Scott Erin M. , Teixeira Leandro B.C. , Flanders David J. , Dubielzig Richard R. , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo describe clinical and pathological features of canine orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (COR).MethodsRetrospective review of patients with COR from the archives of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin and the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (1983–2014).ResultsEighteen cases of COR were identified, all diagnosed in an 8‐year period (2006–2014). Affected dogs were typically young (range 1–8; median 2 years), and both sexes were equally represented. Common clinical signs included exophthalmos (16/18) with dorsolateral deviation of the globe (10/18) and elevation of the nictitans (12/18). Ultrasonography, performed in nine cases, revealed an orbital mass with mixed echogenicity and posterior globe indentation. Advanced imaging, performed in nine cases, demonstrated a soft tissue mass with variable contrast enhancement and lysis of the orbital bones (5/9). Histologically, all tumors were subclassified as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. All neoplasms demonstrated positive immunohistochemical labeling for desmin, and 14/18 were positive for skeletal muscle actin. Follow‐up information was available for 15/18 cases. Older dogs, aged 6–8 years, had no clinical signs of recurrence or metastasis 8–13 months postdiagnosis (4/4). Most younger dogs (9/11), aged 1–4 years, were euthanized within 6 months (median 2.5 months) of diagnosis due to recurrence at the surgical site (5/9) and/or metastasis (5/9).ConclusionsCanine orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant neoplasm in juvenile dogs, but may be amenable to surgical resection in older dogs. This duality in biologic behavior may reflect differences in tissue of origin between juvenile onset tumors and adult onset tumors.
Channel function reconstitution and re‐animation: a single‐channel strategy in the postcrystal age
Authors: Oiki Shigetoshi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe most essential properties of ion channels for their physiologically relevant functions are ion‐selective permeation and gating. Among the channel species, the potassium channel is primordial and the most ubiquitous in the biological world, and knowledge of this channel underlies the understanding of features of other ion channels. The strategy applied to studying channels changed dramatically after the crystal structure of the potassium channel was resolved. Given the abundant structural information available, we exploited the bacterial KcsA potassium channel as a simple model channel. In the postcrystal age, there are two effective frameworks with which to decipher the functional codes present in the channel structure, namely reconstitution and re‐animation. Complex channel proteins are decomposed into essential functional components, and well‐examined parts are rebuilt for integrating channel function in the membrane (reconstitution). Permeation and gating are dynamic operations, and one imagines the active channel by breathing life into the ‘frozen’ crystal (re‐animation). Capturing the motion of channels at the single‐molecule level is necessary to characterize the behaviour of functioning channels. Advanced techniques, including diffracted X‐ray tracking, lipid bilayer methods and high‐speed atomic force microscopy, have been used. Here, I present dynamic pictures of the KcsA potassium channel from the submolecular conformational changes to the supramolecular collective behaviour of channels in the membrane. These results form an integrated picture of the active channel and offer insights into the processes underlying the physiological function of the channel in the cell membrane.
Strain Isolated Ceramic Coatings for Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Tolokan R. P. , Brady J. B. , Jarrabet G. P. 
Published: April 2015

Plasma sprayed ceramic coatings are used in gas turbine engines to improve component temperature capability and cooling air efficiency. Strain isolated ceramic coatings offer improved coating life and increased insulating capability. A low modulus fiber metal strain isolator between ceramic and metal backing acts to reduce the stress on the ceramic during thermal cycling. Strain isolated coatings can tolerate greater ceramic thickness and broader operating conditions than nonstrain isolated coatings when subjected to thermal shock.
Ceramic coatings are durable only within a narrow range of operating conditions. Coating designs should be based on real operating conditions for success. Thermal shock testing is useful for evaluating ceramic coatings if test and sample design are representative of the intended application.
Modular Concept of a Gas Turbine Power Plant
Authors: Rappard A. V. , Wicki A. 
Published: April 2015

A modular concept of a power plant has been developed on the basis of a modern 45 MW gas turbine.
The most important aspects of this design concept described in this paper, such as layouts, cooling system and electrical equipment, take into consideration the requirements in different countries. In general, a customer demands short delivery and erection times, quick commissioning and good quality. Examples of plant layout planning, the mechanical equipment drawn upon and the sequence of assembly are outlined.
Development of a Small Gas Turbine Combustor With Airblast Atomizer
Authors: Hoshino A. , Tatsumi T. , Sone H. , Shibata M. 
Published: April 2015

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. has recently developed the S5 gas turbine at rated output power of 24 KW for use primarily in driving generators.
This paper describes the engineering difficulties we experienced in developing the combustor for the small gas turbine, and its performance characteristics.
Particular difficulties that confronted us in developing the combustor that uses the airblast atomizer are ignition, combustor lean flame out limit and carbon deposit. To work out these problems, we used a “click baffle” in the airblast atomizer, and optimized combustor configuration and air flow distribution as well.
Further Applications of the Lucas Fan Spray Fuel Injection Combustion System
Authors: Carr E. 
Published: April 2015

ASME paper 79-GT-175 presented the design philosophy upon which the Lucas fan spray fuel injection combustion system for small gas turbines is based. Included were results from a system designed for an aircraft Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) and capable of operating with aviation kerosene, gas oil and marine diesel fuels.
Since the publication of the above paper there has been further development of the system and application of the design to a range of engines.
The present paper reviews the design philosophy for fan spray combustion systems and describes its application to a unit for a Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) engine with combustion loadings greater than five times that of the initial application covered by paper 79-GT-175.
The design concept is described together with results from, (a) flow visualisation, (b) testing at combustion loading (ΛSI) values between 6 and 24 kg/s Pa 1·8m3 over a range of air to fuel ratios from 50/1 to 300/1, and (c) light-ups over a range of conditions from sea level static to 15 km at 1.6 Flight Mach No. with fuel fed to various configurations of fuel injector i.e. all six injectors, three equispaced, three grouped together and one only. The fuel used was mainly aviation kerosene with a check at a 290 kW condition using gas oil.
Fuel Deposit Characteristics at Low Velocity
Authors: Szetela E. J. , Giovanetti A. J. , Cohen S. 
Published: April 2015

An experimental program has been carried out to characterize the relationship between deposit mass, operating time and temperature in studies of the thermal stability of aviation gas turbine fuel. This information is required by fuel system designers to prevent deposit build-up in fuel system components, thus allowing for more efficient designs. The program has included the design, fabrication, and operation of a novel thermal stability test apparatus for the determination of deposition rates over a range of temperatures and test durations up to several hundred hours.
Experiments were run to determine the rate of deposit formation as a function of temperature in heated stainless steel tubes at low velocity using Jet A fuel. The test tube had an inside diameter of 0.22 cm, a length of 0.91 m, and a flow rate of 0.73 kg/hr. Deposits obtained were often characterized as thick, porous, and non-uniform in nature. Deposit density, based on carbon content was 0.08 g/cm3. Deposit rates of 0.1 to 100 μgC/hr-cm2 were observed at surface temperatures between 400 and 600 K.