bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and recent developments of MXene-based composites for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Liao Yifan , Wang Xinglin , Gu Huajun , Zhang Huihui , Meng Jiayi , Dai Wei-Lin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The energy crisis has already seriously affected the daily lives of people around the world. As a result, designing efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) is a promising strategy for energy supply. Co-catalyst modification can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of single semiconductors, overcoming limitations posed by their narrow visible light absorption range and high electron–hole recombination rate. MXene-based composites demonstrate immense potential as co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production owing to their distinctive two-dimensional layered structure and outstanding photoelectrochemical properties, and further research and development efforts surrounding MXene-based composites will contribute significantly to the progress of sustainable energy technologies. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods for MXene and MXene-based composites, highlight illustrative instances of binary and ternary MXene-based composites in PHE, and explore potential avenues for future research and expansion of MXene-based composites.
Numerical simulations of a low-pressure electrodeless ion source intended for air-breathing electric propulsion
Authors: Šťastný Marek , Mrózek Kryštof , Juřík Karel , Havlíček Lukáš , Novotný Michal , Obrusník Adam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Air breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) systems offer a promising solution to extend the lifetime of very low earth orbit (VLEO) missions by using residual atmospheric particles as propellants. Such systems would operate in very low-pressure environments where plasma ignition and confinement prove challenging. In this contribution, we present results of a global plasma model (GPM) of a plasma ignited in a very low-pressure air mixture. The results are validated against experimental measurements acquired using a laboratory electrodeless ion source utilizing a resonator for plasma ignition. The device is specifically designed to operate within low-pressure environments as it holds potential applications in ABEP systems for VLEO missions. Parametric studies are carried out via GPM to investigate the resonant behavior and its implications. The potential of the model serving as a predictive tool is assessed through experimental validation against measured data, mainly investigating the extracted ion current dependency on operational pressure and external magnetic field strength. The verified model is further utilized to extrapolate additional information about the resonant plasma such as ion composition or a degree of ionization.
GFENet: a lightweight network for efficient detection of abnormal objects in transmission line corridors
Authors: Shao Nan , Zou Guofeng , Wei Liangyu , Huang Zhiwei , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Abnormal objects in transmission line corridors pose a grave hazard to the security of the power system. The intelligent edge monitoring system, driven by a lightweight model, offers a promising approach. However, due to the limitations of the lightweight networks in addressing various uncertainties of anomalous objects, effectively balancing the efficiency and accuracy of existing methods presents a significant challenge. Therefore, a lightweight network called GFENet is proposed, which is designed to effectively address missed and false detections from the fluctuation in similarity of inter-class features and operational characteristics, as well as the diversity in intra-class shapes and scales under complex conditions. Firstly, learnable and efficient channel attention is proposed. This mechanism utilizes hybrid pooling fusion and weighted learning adjustment strategy to expand the receptive field, thereby capturing the distinctive visual features of the object. Next, we introduce feature pyramid network and path aggregation network to facilitate multi-scale feature interactions. Then, an efficient dynamic head is proposed, which employs a keypoint offset strategy to achieve scale, spatial, and task awareness. This enhances the understanding of object structure and shape without increasing computational costs. Finally, the experimental results on self-built dataset demonstrate that the GFENet can virtually balance network lightweighting and accuracy, significantly enhancing the ability to detect foreign object intrusions in complex environments.
Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy radiation damage in hcp-titanium considering electronic effects
Authors: Li Xipeng , Qi Yuming , He Tengwu , Zhao Min , Feng Miaolin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used as structural materials under extreme conditions due to their exceptional specific strength. However, comprehensive studies on their high-energy radiation damage remain limited. Considering electronic effects, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore high-energy radiation damage in hcp-titanium (hcp-Ti), focusing on displacement cascades induced by primary knock-on atoms (PKAs) with energies ranging from 1 to 40 keV. This study investigates the generation and evolution of point defects resulting from collisional cascades, particularly examining the influence of PKA energy. Additionally, the distribution and morphology of clustering defects from these events were quantitatively investigated and qualitatively visualized. The results show a significant dependence of surviving defects on PKA energies, highlighting a critical range that exhibits a shift in cascade morphology. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that PKA energy significantly influences the formation and growth of defect clusters, with both interstitials and vacancies showing increased cluster fraction and sizes at higher PKA energies, albeit with different tendencies in their formation and aggregation behaviors. Morphological analysis emphasizes the role of subcascades and provides further insights into the mechanisms of defect evolution behind high-energy radiation damage. Our extensive study across a broad range of PKA energies provides essential insights into the understanding of high-energy radiation damage in hcp-Ti.
Spring-reinforced pneumatic actuator and soft robotic applications
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Gu Xiangming , Liu Jiayuan , Kang Jingyi , Hu Chengquan , Liao Hongen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Compared to rigid-structure robots, soft robots possess higher degrees of freedom and stronger environmental adaptability, which has aroused increasing attention in the robotic field. Among them, soft pneumatic robots have excellent performances in various practical applications. However, the nonlinearity and instability of pressure response of soft actuators caused by lateral expansion come to a great challenge. To address this problem, we proposed to embed a spring constraint layer around each single air chamber. Following the design concept, we obtained single-cavity and multi-DoF pneumatic actuators and evaluated their elongation and bending characteristics. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed actuators have more linear pressure response as well as higher consistency. Eventually, through robotic applications, including soft robotic hand and gripper our proposed actuators could facilitate flexible manipulation and elaborate performance.
Energy harvesting from transverse galloping using a two-degree-of-freedom flow energy harvester
Authors: Major Igoke , Tan P J , Abolfathi Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A two degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) galloping piezoelectric energy harvesting system where both oscillators are excited by the incoming flow is studied in this paper. A coupled lumped-parameter model is developed to simulate the electro-fluid-structural coupling behaviour assuming a quasi-steady aerodynamic flow field. The differential equations governing the dynamics of the lumped system are converted into nonlinear algebraic equations employing the harmonic balance method and then solved using Newton’s method. The approximate analytical solutions are compared to the solutions obtained by numerical integration, and the results agree, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The solutions were subsequently used to investigate the effects of the bluff body dimension, mechanical, electrical, aerodynamic, and electromechanical parameters on the performance of the harvester and to illustrate how to optimise some of these parameters to reduce the cut-in wind speed and maximise the power output of the energy harvester. It will be shown that the energy harvesting performance could be significantly improved by introducing piezoelectric transducers on both oscillators and including both masses in the incoming flow. A comparative study between the proposed 2-DOF flow energy harvesting system, a single-degree-of-freedom galloping piezoelectric energy harvester (GPEH), and other configurations of 2-DOF GPEH shows that the present 2-DOF GPEH generates the largest power peak.
An intriguing numerical strategy for Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation through graph-theoretic polynomials
Authors: Nirmala A N , Kumbinarasaiah S 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores graph-theoretic polynomials to find the approximate solution of the (2+1)D Time-fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov(TF-Z-K) equation. The Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations govern the behavior of nonlinear acoustic waves in the plasma of hot isothermal electrons and cold ions in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field. Independence polynomials of the Ladder-Rung graph serve as the polynomial approximation for the suggested Independence Polynomial Collocation Method (IPCM). The Caputo fractional derivatives are adopted to determine the fractional derivatives in the TF-Z-K equation. The TF-Z-K equation is converted into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations using the collocation points in IPCM. The Newton-Raphson approach yields the solution of the suggested method by solving the resulting system. We’ve compared a few scenarios with the tangible outcomes to validate the procedure. Quantitative outcomes match the current findings and validate the exactness of IPCM compared t o the recent numerical and semi-analytical approaches in the literature.
Synthesis of Eco-friendly Zn-Ni bimetallic MOFs with biodegradable glycolic acid ligands for enhanced supercapacitor performance and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Sunny Muhammad Arslan , Hassan Haseebul , Almutairi Badriah S , Umar Ehtisham , Iqbal M Waqas , Alqorashi Afaf Khadr , Alrobei Hussein , Ahmad Niaz , Ismayilova N A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Electrochemical technologies like supercapacitors and water-splitting electrolysis are gaining traction due to their impressive efficiency in both energy storage and generation. A hydrothermal technique was employed to synthesize a metal–organic framework (MOF) containing zinc and nickel. Glycolic acid (GA), a naturally occurring biodegradable ligand, was utilized to explore its potential for incorporation into the MOF heterostructure. The ZnNi-MOF (GA) composites showed a notable specific capacity of 1648 C g−1 (2060 F/g) under a current density of 1.0 A g−1 at 70 °C. The study investigated a supercapacitor system design where a combination of polyaniline-doped activated carbon was used for the negative electrode and a zinc-nickel metal–organic framework (GA) was used for the positive electrode. The synthesized ZnNi-MOF (GA)//AC energy storage device demonstrated a specific capacity of 110 C g−1 (55 F g−1) at a higher current density of 2.0 A g−1. The recyclability and stability of device (ZnNi-MOF (GA)//AC) were evaluated using 10000 charge–discharge cycles, yielding an 86% capacity retention. The ZnNi-MOF (GA) composite displayed outstanding catalytic ability in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in comparison to other tested materials, achieving the lowest Tafel slope of 42.79 mV/dec. The findings of our research suggest that ZnNi-MOF (GA) exhibits desirable characteristics that make it a promising material for electrodes in the applications of supercapattery and HER.
A spatial phase-shifting method for real-space wave reconstruction of off-axis electron holograms
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Liu Yuying , Ye Xianhui , An Qianming , Pan Junheng , Li Zi-An 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Fourier transform with a side-band filter is the well-established method for reconstructing off-axis fringe-type holograms due to its ease of implementation and fast processing. However, this method works in reciprocal space and requires inversion of a side-band sub-region, which can degrade the spatial resolution of reconstructed wave compared to the original hologram. We present a new method, the spatial phase-shifting (SPS) method, for real-space wave reconstruction of off-axis electron holograms. We describe the working principles of the SPS method in analogy to the temporal phase-shifting method. We conducted both hologram simulations and experiments to evaluate its applicability and effectiveness. We compared the wave reconstruction results of the SPS and the conventional Fourier transform method, highlighting the advantages of the newly proposed SPS method. Our results demonstrate that the proposed SPS method is particularly effective for real-space wave reconstruction of small-sized hologram, providing an alternative approach to off-axis type holography wave reconstruction.
Effect of external electric fields on the ionic conductivity of the PET ion-track membrane
Authors: Ceccio Giovanni , Vacik Jiri , Fink Dietmar , Siegel Jakub , Cannavò Antonino 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Polymeric ion track-etched membranes with asymmetric pores have been the subject of increased interest in both the academia and industry in recent decades. This interest is related to the rectification behavior of the membranes and their possible applications. In this work, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with conical ion tracks were investigated for different etching conditions. Thin PET membranes were prepared using irradiated foils etched in a NaOH bath with the help of external electric fields (AC/DC) of a specific polarity. After etching, the I-V characteristics of the membranes were examined in the KCl solutions with different molarities. The obtained results showed that the I-V relations are strongly non-linear, thus confirming the rectification behavior of the membranes. It turned out that the external AC and DC fields applied during etching play an important role. They make it possible to influence the pore etching process, and so the properties of the membranes, which is important for the intended applications. Keywords: polymeric membranes, asymmetric pores, polyethylene terephthalate, I-V characteristics, transport phenomena
Design and optimization of refractive index biosensor for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Kamani Trupti , Patel Shobhit K , Alsalman Osamah , Alsaif Faisal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading malignancy in women and the 2nd widespread cancer globally. Earlier identification of breast cancer can improve treatment outcomes and prevent metastasis beyond the breast. Traditional screening tests are not sensitive enough for early diagnosis and have extended detection periods. Recent studies have explored diversified Breast cancer biosensor techniques, including optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors. This paper nominates a circlet with a large plus sign refraction indices biosensor for the evaluation of two distinct breast cancer cells namely, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The supreme sensitivity has been viewed as 1714.28 nm/RIU for the MDA-MB-231 and 1714.28 nm/RIU for the MCF-7. The supreme quality factor (QF) value for UC1(usual cell of MDA-MB-231) is 10.52, for CC1(cancer cell of MDA-MB-231) is 11.94, for UC2 (usual cell of MCF-7) is 10.64, and for CC2 (cancer cell of MCF-7) is 12.09. The minimal detection value (DL) for UC1 is 0.1573, CC1 is 0.1360, UC2 is 0.1554, and CC2 is 0.1341. This nominated sensor has the potential to sense breast tumor biomarkers.
An innovative pseudo-spectral Galerkin algorithm for the time-fractional Tricomi-type equation
Authors: Youssri Youssri Hassan , Hafez Ramy Mahmoud , Atta Ahmed Gamal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Herein, we offer semi−analytic numerical procedures for the 1−D Tricomi−type time−fractional equation (T−FTTE). We consider the Jacobi−shifted polynomials as basis functions (BFs). A novel spectral approach is implemented based on the Galerkin procedure to tackle the Tricomi−type equation. The main strength of this approach is, it reduces the diverseial problem into solving an algebraic system of equations. The constructed methodology is successfully extended to solve the 2−D T−FTTE. Some numerical test experiments are exhibited to verify the proficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method.
Structural design of two types of composites with high resistance to atomic oxygen attack based on polyimide matrices: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Wei Dahai , Zeng Fanlin , Cui Jianzheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Because of their exceptional properties, polyimide (PI) polymers are widely used in various types of spacecraft. However, in low Earth orbit, spacecraft using these polymers are susceptible to atomic oxygen (AO) erosion, which will cause them to lose their original performance. Covering the PI surface with a protective coating and adding fillers to the PI matrix are two traditional methods to improve the AO erosion resistance of PI. However, a single protective method does not provide a good protective effect and does not necessarily balance the relationship between the AO resistance of the composites and other properties, such as mechanical properties. The structural design of composites can perfectly solve such problems. Therefore, two kinds of AO-resistant materials based on the PI matrix are designed in this paper, one is a hybrid-filled composite with nano-silica filler and graphene filler, and the other is a double-layer coated composite based on the structural design of a traditional bulletproof vest. And the AO incidence simulation of these two types of materials was carried out using ReaxFF-based MD simulation. The results show that the mixed filling of graphene and nano-silica not only greatly improves the AO resistance of the PI matrix, but also greatly improves the tensile mechanical properties of the matrix by adjusting the appropriate mixing ratio. The structure of PI-Gr-SiO2 (The structures are PI, Gr and SiO2 from bottom up, respectively. SiO2 will be the first to take the impact of AO.) possesses excellent resistance to AO erosion, and at the end of 64 ps of AO erosion, the PI matrix did not suffer any damage. This paper provides a new idea of material structure design using the MD method, which provides a new approach to improve the AO erosion resistance of PI and is expected to design new composites adapted to a variety of extreme environments in the future.
Process-induced stress tuning to improve linearity performance in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with SiNx passivation
Authors: Jena Devika , Das Sanghamitra , Praharaj Choudhury Jayant , Tripathy Aruna , Dash Taraprasanna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Strain engineering has proven to be a useful technique for enhancing the performance of many modern-day transistors. Stress engineering can also have a non-trivial effect on the performance of GaN HEMTs, which are devices of choice for high-power, high-frequency microwave applications. Process-induced stress can have a significant effect on AlGaN/GaN HEMT electrical characteristics in addition to the growth-induced strain present due to lattice constant mismatch between device layers. Understanding the true impact of process-induced strain on AlGaN/GaN HEMT microwave performance is highly necessary. This is especially the case for nonlinearity effects which affect the high-frequency performance of the device. To the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic report on the effect of nitride passivation-induced stress on AlGaN/GaN HEMT device linearity. This work uses a systematic combination of TCAD process simulation and device simulation to quantify the effect of process-induced stress on the device’s linearity. This work demonstrates that nonlinearity effects can be minimized through proper tuning of stress by varying design-dependent parameters such as the nitride layer thickness. The effect of stress on highly important linearity parameters of the device like

g

m

,

g

m
2

,

g

m
3

,

V
I

P

2

,

V
I

P

3

,

I
I

P

3

and

I
M

D

3

is investigated in detail. Comparing the compressive-stress device to the no-stress and tensile-stress devices, we conclude that the compressive stress device has a max

g

m
2

value that is 61% and 71% higher respectively. The max

g

m
3

for compressive stress is 0.13 A V−3 whereas those for no-stress and tensile stress are 0.067 A V−3 and 0.045 A V−3 respectively. However, the voltage-variations of

V
I

P

2

,

and the

V
I

P

3

parameters which are derived from these

g

m

values shows that the compressive stress case can help achieve overall better device linearity by stress tuning. This work also studies how the effect of process-induced stress on device linearity varies with the crucial gate length parameter.
Full shape cosmology analysis from BOSS in configuration space using neural network acceleration
Authors: Ramirez Sadi , Icaza-Lizaola Miguel , Fromenteau Sebastien , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Aviles Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recently, a new wave of full modeling analyses have emerged within the Large-Scale Structure community, leading mostly to tighter constraints on the estimation of cosmological parameters, when compared with standard approaches used over the last decade by collaboration analyses of stage III experiments. However, the majority of these full-shape analyses have primarily been conducted in Fourier space, with limited emphasis on exploring the configuration space. Investigating n-point correlations in configuration space demands a higher computational cost compared to Fourier space because it typically requires an additional integration step. This can pose a limitation when using these approaches, especially when considering higher-order statistics. One avenue to mitigate the high computation time is to take advantage of neural network acceleration techniques. In this work, we present a full shape analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey III/BOSS in configuration space using a neural network accelerator. We show that the efficacy of the pipeline is enhanced by a time factor 103 without sacrificing precision, making it possible to reduce the error associated with the surrogate modeling to below 10-2 percent which is compatible with the precision required for current stage IV experiments such as DESI. We find Ω
m
= 0.286±0.009, H
0 = 68.8±1.2 kms-1Mpc-1 and A
s × 109 = 2.09 +0.25
-0.29. Our results on public BOSS data are in good agreement with BOSS official results and compatible with other independent full modeling analyses. We explore relaxing the prior on ωb
and varying ns
, without significant changes in the mean values of the cosmological parameters posterior distributions, but enlarging their widths. Finally, we explore the information content of the multipoles when constraining cosmological parameters.