bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross Validation of TRMM PR Reflectivity Profiles Using 3D Reflectivity Composite from the Ground-Based Radar Network over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Park Shinju , Jung Sung-Hwa , Lee GyuWon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) measures reflectivity downward from space and provides observations of the vertical distributions of precipitation over land as well as the ocean. It overpasses the southern part of the Korean Peninsula where (i) a dense network of operational S-band scanning radars is available and (ii) various types of precipitation occur. By utilizing a 3D reflectivity composite from the ground S-band radar (GR) observations, this paper shows a comparison of reflectivity profiles observed with both PR and GR focusing on their vertical structure. For four cases of widespread rain, visual and statistical analyses show that PR attenuation-corrected reflectivity agrees closely with reflectivity observed from the GR composite below the melting layer. Above and within the melting layer, PR is affected critically by its sensitivity while GR beam broadening at far ranges causes systematic differences in the PR–GR comparisons. For four cases of convective rain, PR underestimates the mean reflectivities by 1–3 dB compared with those from GR at low levels where precipitation attenuation is significant toward the ground. In these cases, the low sensitivity of PR results in a small number of matched points for weak echoes. Also, the PR–GR discrepancy for the convective case is more affected by time mismatching.
Numerical Simulations of the Boundary Layer Jet off the Southeastern Coast of China
Authors: Du Yu , Chen Yi-Leng , Zhang Qinghong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A strong coastal boundary layer jet (CBLJ) (~8 m s−1) off the southeastern coast of China (around 28°N, 122°E) is found from the July 2006–11 hourly model data simulated by the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) with a 9-km horizontal grid. The southerly CBLJ has a jet core at the 925-hPa level, located along the western periphery of the west Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The CBLJ is mainly contributed by large-scale enhancement by diurnal forcing and orographic effects by the coastal terrain along the southeastern China coast and the terrain of Taiwan.
Although the geostrophic winds offshore are faster in the afternoon due to the larger east–west pressure gradient caused by land surface heating over the China plain, the CBLJ has a nocturnal (~0200 LST) maximum. In the afternoon hours, easterly ageostrophic winds driven by differential land–sea thermal heating develop at low levels. After sunset, with the disappearance of land surface heating, the ageostrophic winds offshore veer southward by the Coriolis force and combine with the southerly geostrophic flow resulting in a nocturnal maximum in the CBLJ. Furthermore, from two model sensitivity experiments (NoTW and LowFJ), it is apparent that the terrain of Taiwan and Fujian exerts a secondary influence (1–2 m s−1) on the strength of the CBLJ. The orographic blocking by the terrain of Taiwan and Fujian is more significant with a larger (~1 m s−1) southerly wind component north of the Taiwan Strait at night than in the afternoon hours.
BRCA1-IRIS inactivation overcomes paclitaxel resistance in triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Blanchard Zannel , Paul Bibbin T , Craft Barbara , ElShamy Wael M 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance is a major problem in oncology. Although highly responsive to chemotherapies such as paclitaxel, most triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients develop chemoresistance. Here we investigate the role of BRCA1-IRIS as a novel treatment target for TNBCs and their paclitaxel-resistant recurrences.

Methods
We analyzed the response of BRCA1-IRIS overexpressing normal mammary cells or established TNBC cells silenced from BRCA1-IRIS to paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed BRCA1-IRIS downstream signaling pathways in relation to paclitaxel treatment. We also analyzed a large cohort of breast tumor samples for BRCA1-IRIS, Forkhead box class O3a (FOXO3a) and survivin expression. Finally, we analyzed the effect of BRCA1-IRIS silencing or inactivation on TNBCs formation, maintenance and response to paclitaxel in an orthotopic model.

Results
We show that low concentrations of paclitaxel triggers BRCA1-IRIS expression in vitro and in vivo, and that BRCA1-IRIS activates two autocrine signaling loops (epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGF receptor 1 (EGFR)-EGF receptor 2 (ErbB2) and neurogulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB2-EGF receptor 3 (ErbB3), which enhances protein kinase B (AKT) and thus survivin expression/activation through promoting FOXO3a degradation. This signaling pathway is intact in TNBCs endogenously overexpressing BRCA1-IRIS. These events trigger the intrinsic and acquired paclitaxel resistance phenotype known for BRCA1-IRIS-overexpressing TNBCs. Inactivating BRCA1-IRIS signaling using a novel inhibitory mimetic peptide inactivates these autocrine loops, AKT and survivin activity/expression, in part by restoring FOXO3a expression, and sensitizes TNBC cells to low paclitaxel concentrations in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we show BRCA1-IRIS and survivin overexpression is correlated with lack of FOXO3a expression in a large cohort of primary tumor samples, and that BRCA1-IRIS overexpression-induced signature is associated with decreased disease free survival in heavily treated estrogen receptor alpha-negative patients.

Conclusions
In addition to driving TNBC tumor formation, BRCA1-IRIS overexpression drives their intrinsic and acquired paclitaxel resistance, partly by activating autocrine signaling loops EGF/EGFR-ErbB2 and NRG1/ErbB2-ErbB3. These loops activate AKT, causing FOXO3a degradation and survivin overexpression. Taken together, this underscores the need for BRCA1-IRIS-specific therapy and strongly suggests that BRCA1-IRIS and/or signaling loops activated by it could be rational therapeutic targets for advanced TNBCs.
NF-κB-direct activation of microRNAs with repressive effects on monocyte-specific genes is critical for osteoclast differentiation
Authors: de la Rica Lorenzo , García-Gómez Antonio , Comet Natalia R , Rodríguez-Ubreva Javier , Ciudad Laura , Vento-Tormo Roser , Company Carlos , Álvarez-Errico Damiana , García Mireia , Gómez-Vaquero Carmen , Ballestar Esteban 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
Monocyte-to-osteoclast conversion is a unique terminal differentiation process that is exacerbated in rheumatoid arthritis and bone metastasis. The mechanisms implicated in upregulating osteoclast-specific genes involve transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and microRNAs (miRNAs). It is less well known how downregulation of osteoclast-inappropriate genes is achieved.

Results
In this study, analysis of miRNA expression changes in osteoclast differentiation from human primary monocytes revealed the rapid upregulation of two miRNA clusters, miR-212/132 and miR-99b/let-7e/125a. We demonstrate that they negatively target monocyte-specific and immunomodulatory genes like TNFAIP3, IGF1R and IL15. Depletion of these miRNAs inhibits osteoclast differentiation and upregulates their targets. These miRNAs are also upregulated in other inflammatory monocytic differentiation processes. Most importantly, we demonstrate for the first time the direct involvement of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the regulation of these miRNAs, as well as with their targets, whereby NF-κB p65 binds the promoters of these two miRNA clusters and NF-κB inhibition or depletion results in impaired upregulation of their expression.

Conclusions
Our results reveal the direct involvement of NF-κB in shutting down certain monocyte-specific genes, including some anti-inflammatory activities, through a miRNA-dependent mechanism for proper osteoclast differentiation.
CIRI: an efficient and unbiased algorithm for de novo circular RNA identification
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Jinfeng , Zhao Fangqing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent studies reveal that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of abundant, stable and ubiquitous noncoding RNA molecules in animals. Comprehensive detection of circRNAs from high-throughput transcriptome data is an initial and crucial step to study their biogenesis and function. Here, we present a novel chiastic clipping signal-based algorithm, CIRI, to unbiasedly and accurately detect circRNAs from transcriptome data by employing multiple filtration strategies. By applying CIRI to ENCODE RNA-seq data, we for the first time identify and experimentally validate the prevalence of intronic/intergenic circRNAs as well as fragments specific to them in the human transcriptome.
Modulation of microRNA editing, expression and processing by ADAR2 deaminase in glioblastoma
Authors: Tomaselli Sara , Galeano Federica , Alon Shahar , Raho Susanna , Galardi Silvia , Polito Vinicia Assunta , Presutti Carlo , Vincenti Sara , Eisenberg Eli , Locatelli Franco , Gallo Angela 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
ADAR enzymes convert adenosines to inosines within double-stranded RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) precursors, with important consequences on miRNA retargeting and expression. ADAR2 activity is impaired in glioblastoma and its rescue has anti-tumoral effects. However, how ADAR2 activity may impact the miRNome and the progression of glioblastoma is not known.

Results
By integrating deep-sequencing and array approaches with bioinformatics analyses and molecular studies, we show that ADAR2 is essential to edit a small number of mature miRNAs and to significantly modulate the expression of about 90 miRNAs in glioblastoma cells. Specifically, the rescue of ADAR2 activity in cancer cells recovers the edited miRNA population lost in glioblastoma cell lines and tissues, and rebalances expression of onco-miRNAs and tumor suppressor miRNAs to the levels observed in normal human brain. We report that the major effect of ADAR2 is to reduce the expression of a large number of miRNAs, most of which act as onco-miRNAs. ADAR2 can edit miR-222/221 and miR-21 precursors and decrease the expression of the corresponding mature onco-miRNAs in vivo and in vitro, with important effects on cell proliferation and migration.

Conclusions
Our findings disclose an additional layer of complexity in miRNome regulation and provide information to better understand the impact of ADAR2 editing enzyme in glioblastoma. We propose that ADAR2 is a key factor for maintaining edited-miRNA population and balancing the expression of several essential miRNAs involved in cancer.
Dietary practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients: a cross sectional hospital based study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Amelmal , Mekonnen Abebe Solomon , Wassie Molla Mesele 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundDietary management which is considered to be one of the cornerstones of diabetes care is based on the principle of healthy eating in the context of social, cultural and psychological influences on food choice. In Ethiopia, there is lack of data on the dietary practice of diabetic patients which underestimates its role in the management of diabetes. Hence, this study assesses the level of dietary practices and their associated factors among Type 2 diabetic patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution-based cross-sectional quantitative study design was employed. A total of 403 study subjects were included in the study. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.3 and exported to SPSS version 20.0 software packages for further statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. The degree of association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and variables with p-value ≤0.05 were considered significant.ResultsAbout 46.4% of the patients were overweight and obese. More than half of the respondents (58.8%) had FBG level ≥ 126 mg/dl. The level of dietary practice among 207 (51.4%) type 2 diabetic patients was poor. Not getting nutrition education in hospitals [AOR = 4.47, 95% CI: (1.92,10.40)], despondency [AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: (1.14,4.02)], facing difficulty to choose foods [AOR = 9.66, 95% CI: (5.12,18.24)], non- availability of fruits and vegetables [AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: (1.03,7.54)], thinking about the high cost of foods [AOR = 2.36,95% CI: (1.18, 4.70)] were the factors significantly associated with the poor dietary practice.ConclusionFindings of this study indicated that the majority of the patients had poor dietary practice. Therefore, the integration of diabetic based nutrition education with motivation and home gardening is highly recommended.
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Opotowsky Alexander R. , Moko Lilamarie E. , Ginns Jonathan , Rosenbaum Marlon , Greutmann Matthias , Aboulhosn Jamil , Hageman Abbie , Kim Yuli , Deng Lisa X. , Grewal Jasmine , Zaidi Ali N. , Almansoori Ghadeera , Oechslin Erwin , Earing Michael , Landzberg Michael J. , Singh Michael N. , Wu Fred , Vaidya Anand 
Published: January 2015

Context:
Aberrant cellular oxygen sensing is a leading theory for development of pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL).

Objective:
The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) increases the risk for PHEO-PGL.

Design/Setting/Participants:
We investigated the association between CCHD and PHEO-PGL with two complementary studies: study 1) an international consortium was established to identify congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with a PHEO-PGL diagnosis confirmed by pathology or biochemistry and imaging; study 2) the 2000–2009 Nationwide Inpatient Survey, a nationally representative discharge database, was used to determine population-based cross-sectional PHEO-PGL frequency in hospitalized CCHD patients compared with noncyanotic CHD and those without CHD using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and genetic PHEO-PGL syndromes.

Results:
In study 1, we identified 20 PHEO-PGL cases, of which 18 had CCHD. Most presented with cardiovascular or psychiatric symptoms. Median cyanosis duration for the CCHD PHEO-PGL cases was 20 years (range 1–57 y). Cases were young at diagnosis (median 31.5 y, range 15–57 y) and 7 of 18 had multiple tumors (two bilateral PHEO; six multifocal or recurrent PGL), whereas 11 had single tumors (seven PHEO; four PGL). PGLs were abdominal (13 of 17) or head/neck (4 of 17). Cases displayed a noradrenergic biochemical phenotype similar to reported hypoxia-related PHEO-PGL genetic syndromes but without clinical signs of such syndromes. In study 2, hospitalized CCHD patients had an increased likelihood of PHEO-PGL (adjusted odds ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.6–13.7, P &lt; .0001) compared with those without CHD; patients with noncyanotic CHD had no increased risk (odds ratio 0.9, P = .48).

Conclusions:
There is a strong link between CCHD and PHEO-PGL. Whether these rare diseases coassociate due to hypoxic stress, common genetic or developmental factors, or some combination requires further investigation.
Nutrition transition in South Asia: the emergence of non-communicable chronic diseases
Authors: Bishwajit Ghose 
Published: January 2015

Overview: South Asian countries have experienced a remarkable economic growth during last two decades along with subsequent transformation in social, economic and food systems. Rising disposable income levels continue to drive the nutrition transition characterized by a shift from a traditional high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets towards diets with a lower carbohydrate and higher proportion of saturated fat, sugar and salt. Steered by various transitions in demographic, economic and nutritional terms, South Asian population are experiencing a rapidly changing disease profile. While the healthcare systems have long been striving to disentangle from the vicious cycle of poverty and undernutrition, South Asian countries are now confronted with an emerging epidemic of obesity and a constellation of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This dual burden is bringing about a serious health and economic conundrum and is generating enormous pressure on the already overstretched healthcare system of South Asian countries.Objectives: The Nutrition transition has been a very popular topic in the field of human nutrition during last few decades and many countries and broad geographic regions have been studied. However there is no review on this topic in the context of South Asia as yet. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the factors accounting for the onset of nutrition transition and its subsequent impact on epidemiological transition in five major South Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Special emphasis was given on India and Bangladesh as they together account for 94% of the regional population and about half world’s malnourished population.Methods: This study is literature based. Main data sources were published research articles obtained through an electronic medical databases search.
Relationship Characteristics and Contraceptive Use Among Dating and Cohabiting Young Adult Couples
Authors: Wildsmith Elizabeth , Manlove Jennifer , Steward‐Streng Nicole 
Published: January 2015

CONTEXTContraceptive decision making occurs in the context of relationships. Although many individual‐level characteristics have been linked to youths’ contraceptive use, less is known about associations between contraceptive use and relationship‐level characteristics.METHODSData from the 2001–2002 romantic pair subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to describe characteristics of 322 dating relationships and 406 cohabiting relationships among young adults aged at least 18 years. Logistic regression was employed to assess associations between these characteristics and hormonal or long‐acting contraceptive use and condom use. Data from both partners allowed discordance in reports between partners in some measures to be examined.RESULTSCohabiting couples were less likely than dating couples to have used condoms (19% vs. 37%) and hormonal or long‐acting methods (40% vs. 57%) at last sex. In dating relationships, couples reporting discordant levels of intimacy and couples in which neither partner reported a high level of intimacy had greater odds of condom use than couples in which both partners reported high intimacy (odds ratios, 4.5 and 3.3, respectively); mistrust and male problem drinking were negatively associated with condom use (0.3 for each). For cohabiting couples, frequency of sex was negatively associated with condom use and hormonal method use (0.8 for each).CONCLUSIONSAt least for dating couples, contraceptive use is linked to multiple dimensions of relationships, particularly measures reflecting relationship quality—both positive and negative.
Easily usable human-device interface for microwave therapy apparatus
Authors: Surducan Vasile , Surducan Emanoil , Neamtu Camelia , Dadarlat Nicolae , Ciupa Radu 
Published: January 2015

In this paper we investigate the possibility of using a large dot matrix LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) as the essential part of a low cost, user friendly human-device interface which is driving a microwave diathermy medical apparatus. The human-device interface uses only four buttons with multiple functionalities, an analog encoder and the said dot matrix LCD. The interface is a part of the embedded system that drives the entire unit, as a stand alone hardware and complex firmware program. This interface can handle the medical treatment parameters in an ergonomic and simple way. The human-device interface has been designed in agreement with the EN60601-1 and EN60601-1-4 requirements using “the simple to complex” writing and validation algorithm. The interface has been manufactured as prototype and tested on our own proprietary microwave hyperthermia and diathermy device and proves to be intuitive and easy to use. The human-device interface firmware is portable to other scientific apparatus as well; however, a reconfiguration of all displayed information is necessary, depending on the purpose of the served equipment. Compared with a colour graphic LCD equipped with touch screen, the interface presented here is definitely less expensive, can be implemented faster and uses less hardware resources.
Paradigma pendidikan agama Integratif-transformatif
Authors: Rusydi Ibnu 
Published: January 2015

Education is the process of transforming knowledge to become mature human beings plenary. However, the knowledge that is released from religious values even bring adverse effects, in which the humanity of human demolished. Consequently, the process of transformation must involve two things at once: the knowledge and values. This is called integrative education. This type of education is not a utopian fantasy but rational necessity that finds justification in philosophical and theological arguments.Pendidikan adalah proses transformasi pengetahuan guna mendewasakan manusia menjadi insan paripurna. Namun, pengetahuan yang dilepaskan dari nilai-nilai religius malah membawa dampak buruk, dimana kemanusiaan manusia diruntuhkan.Karenanya, proses transformasi tersebut harus melibatkan dua hal sekaligus:pengetahuan dan nilai. Inilah yang disebut pendidikan integratif. Pendidikan jenis ini bukan khalayan utopis yang mengawang melainkan keniscayaan rasional yang menemukan pembenarannya dalam argumentasi filosofis maupun teologis..
Urgensi pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis multikultural di sekolah
Authors: Muliadi Erlan 
Published: January 2015

The theology subject taught at the school tends merely to reinforce the faith and itsachievements to go to heaven without consciousness for having dialogue with otherreligions. These conditions make religious education very exclusive and intolerant.Whereas, nowadays pluralism era, religious education must be done the philosophicalparadigmatic reorientation of how to make students understand about religion more inclusive, pluralistic, multicultural, humanistic, dialogue, persuasive, contextual,substantive and socially active. Therefore, in this study emphasizes the importance of thedevelopment of multicultural education in schools through a number of Islamic religiouseducation materials.Pelajaran teologi di sekolah cenderung diajarkan sekedar untuk memperkuat keimanan dan pencapaiannya menuju surga tanpa dibarengi dengan kesadaran berdialog dengan agama-agama lain. Kondisi inilah yang menjadikan pendidikan agama sangat eksklusif dan tidak toleran. Padahal di era pluralisme dewasa ini, pendidikan agama mesti melakukan reorientasi filosofis-paradigmatik tentang bagaimana membangun pemahaman keberagamaan peserta didik yang lebih inklusif-pluralis,multikultural, humanis, dialogis-persuasif, kontekstual, substantif dan aktif sosial.