bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Memory Alloy Cables for Civil Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Daghash Sherif , Ozbulut Osman E. , Sherif Muhammad M. 
Published: December 2014

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have attracted a great deal of attention as a smart material that can be used in various civil engineering applications due to their favorable mechanical properties such as ability to undergo large deformations, high corrosion and fatigue resistance, good energy dissipating capacity, and excellent re-centering ability. In contrast to the use of SMAs in the biomedical, mechanical and aerospace applications, which requires mostly small diameter of material, the larger size bars are usually needed in a civil engineering application. It is well known that properties of large-section SMA bars are generally poorer than those of wires due to difficulties in material processing. Furthermore, large diameter SMA bars are more expensive than thin SMA wires.
Shape memory alloy cables have been recently developed as an alternative and new structural element. They leverage the superior mechanical characteristics of small diameter SMAs into large-size structural tension elements and possess several advantages over SMA bars. This study explores the performance of NiTi SMA cables and their potential use in civil engineering. The SMA cable, which has a diameter of 8 mm, is composed of 7 strands and each strand has 7 wires with a diameter of 0.885 mm. The uniaxial tensile tests are conducted at various loading rates and strain amplitudes to characterize the superelastic properties of the SMA cable and study the rate-dependent mechanical response of the SMA cable under dynamic loads. An optical digital image correlation measurement system and an infrared thermal imaging camera are employed to obtain the full-field strain and temperature fields. Potential applications of SMA cables in civil infrastructure applications are discussed and illustrated.
Feedback Control Applied to Finite Element Models of Morphing Structures
Authors: Bertagne Christopher , Moghadas Peyman , Malak Richard , Hartl Darren 
Published: December 2014

This paper demonstrates a framework for integrating full feedback control with a high-fidelity finite element model in order to simulate control of morphing structures. Most of the previous finite element simulations involving control of morphing structures consider the effects of the controller, but do not incorporate true feedback control. Additionally, when feedback control is considered, numerical models other than finite element analysis are used. Thus, a trade-off must be made between a high-fidelity model and consideration of feedback control. In this work, these aspects are unified to create a tool that can simulate real-time feedback control of a finite element model.
The framework itself consists of two components: the finite element model and the controller. The finite element model must be capable of varying external loads as the solution evolves in time. In this paper, the finite element model is implemented in ABAQUS. The controller component is written in Python. In order to ensure the framework is suitable for a wide range of applications, no assumptions are made regarding the natures of the finite element model or the control architecture. Additionally, the components are designed to be modular. For example, simulating different controller architectures does not require alteration of the finite element model. The result is a highly flexible framework that is particularly well-suited for validating and demonstrating controllers on high-fidelity models.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control of NM70 Shape Memory Actuator
Authors: Dominik Ireneusz 
Published: December 2014

The main aim of this article is to present the usage of type-2 fuzzy logic controller to control a shape memory actuator. To enhance real-time performance simplified interval fuzzy sets were used. The algorithm was implemented in the ATmega32 microcontroller. The dedicated PC application was also built. The fuzzy logic controller type-2 was tested experimentally by controlling position of the shape memory alloy actuator NM70 which despite its small size distinguishes itself by its strength. The obtained results confirmed that type-2 fuzzy controller performed efficiently with a difficult to control nonlinear plant. The research also proved that interval type-2 controllers, which are a simplified version of the general type-2 controllers, are very efficient. They can handle uncertainties without increasing drastically the computational complexity.
Experimental data comparison of the fuzzy logic controller type-2 with type-1 clearly indicates the superiority of the former, especially in reducing overshooting.
Thermal Ageing Mitigation of FRP Composites Using Vascular Networks
Authors: Boba Katarzyna , Bond Ian , Trask Richard 
Published: December 2014

Incorporation of multifunctionality to fibre reinforced polymer composite materials delivers many benefits. One example includes improved longevity of components through increasing permissible temperatures of operation, which could be achieved via in-situ cooling. As the temperature of composite components approaches the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the matrix, thermal stress induced ageing greatly increases [1], [2], thus the incentive for integrated cooling.
In order to assess the damage, which could be caused by exposure to elevated temperatures, isothermal ageing was performed at a temperature 15°C lower than the materials Tg (2200 hours at 110°C). Material used in this study is a carbon/epoxy prepreg system (Gurit, SE70), with a Tg of 126°C when cured at 110°C. Results have shown a significant drop in Short Beam Shear (SBS) Strength starting after exposure for 1700h and increase in fibre bridging seen in mode I Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) testing. Fracture surface analysis using SEM indicated that fibres were generally less well bonded to the matrix, with visible changes began occurring as early as 1000h exposure. These results indicate that extended exposure of a material at near Tg temperatures has a detrimental effect on material properties. To mitigate against this phenomenon, a series of tests were performed on SBS and DCB specimens in a raised temperature (110°C) environment, which incorporated in-situ cooling. The specimens were placed in an oven at 110°C and were cooled down to a constant temperature of 60°C via the internal vascular cooling arrangement. Further testing is underway to assess the inhibition of ageing and maintenance of the original composite material by active cooling using embedded vascular networks.
Experimental Analysis and Validation of a Circular Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Actuator Operating Against Various Loading Conditions
Authors: Hodgins Micah , Rizzello Gianluca , York Alexander , Seelecke Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Dielectric Electroactive Polymers (DEAP) are a favorable actuator technology and are receiving much attention because of their lightweight, high energy density, high energy efficiency, scalability and low noise features. In order to take steps using this technology effectively, real world models should be developed and more testing of the actuators needs to be done. The performance of a DEAP actuator against any given load should be tested and measured. This will aid in the optimization of material properties and structural design of the actuator system. In order to test and analyze the actuators under their operational conditions more comfortably, a versatile loading test bench should be developed. This would allow for more dynamic real life testing of the actuator under expected operating conditions of any particular application.
In this work, a test setup is built to characterize and apply programmable loading forces to the DEAP in the same setup. Here a DEAP actuator is tested while coupled with a constant load. The load was applied by controlling the current in an electromagnetic linear motor. This was successful in showing the reasonable matching between the actuator force characteristic and the actual stroke for different levels of load. In the future more complex loads and actuators will be tested to mimic what the actuator will experience in various applications.
Application of Piezoelectric Dynamic Force Sensor for Tool State Assessment in Manufacturing Process
Authors: Dominik Ireneusz , Flaga Stanislaw , Konieczny Jaroslaw , Snamina Jacek 
Published: December 2014

In the paper the problem of examining of a damaged tool in the manufacturing process is presented by the example of the identification of a damaged die for creating a screw drive on a screw head. The operation of the screw head production is known as cold heading. One of the production stage is when a die cuts the head of the screw blank into an appropriate shape. Unfortunately, the die is often damaged before reaching its limit. In this case, the faulty semi-finished products are further processed because the cold heading is only the first operation required to produce a screw. If screws made of high-quality pure stainless steel are considered the economic loss is significant.
The measurement automatic systems for identification of damaged dies can be found in the newest machines but they are in minority in comparison to the older ones which work without such systems. It was the reason why attempt was made to construct the prototype diagnostic system for die state assessment, which is presented in the article.
Modeling Magneto-Active Elastomer Composites Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Sheridan Robert , Tedesco Carrie , von Lockette Paris , Frecker Mary 
Published: December 2014

Magneto-active elastomers (MAE) are a new branch of smart materials that consist of hard-magnetic particles such as barium ferrite in an elastomer matrix. Under the application of a uniform magnetic field, the MAE material undergoes large deformation as the material bends due to magnetic torques acting on the distribution of hard-magnetic particles. This behavior demonstrates the potential of MAEs to act as remote actuators. MAEs vary from magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) which use soft-magnetic iron particles in place of the hard-magnetic particles and they are driven by magnetic interactions between particles.
In this work, MAEs were fabricated using 30% v/v 325 mesh M-type barium ferrite (BaM) particles in Dow Corning HS II silicone elastomers. Prior to curing, the samples were placed in a uniform (∼2 Tesla) magnetic field to align the magnetic particles and produce a magnetization oriented in the direction of the applied magnetic field. The specimens were bonded to a passive poldymethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to form a two-segment accordion structure where the MAEs with magnetization, M, were placed in opposing orientations a prescribed distance apart. The application of a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetization of the undeformed MAEs would result in a bend (on the PDMS) that is dependent upon the orientation of the magnetic particles and the direction of the applied field. This behavior of the composite structure highlights the ability of the MAE material to perform work.
Experimental testing of the MAEs used a two-segment accordion structure with fixed boundary-conditions on both ends of the PDMS substrate and a uniform magnetic field was applied to the structure. The resulting deformation roughly represented either a mountain or valley fold (dependent upon the orientation of the applied field). The resulting axial force was observed and compared to computational simulations which utilized numerical techniques to develop approximate solutions. This procedure was repeated with a prescribed displacement on one of the two fixed boundary conditions to induce bending prior to the application of a uniform magnetic field. Results show a decrease in magnetic work potential with increases in the aforementioned prescribed displacement; results also show an increase in magnetic work potential with increases in the applied magnetic field.
Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvesters
Authors: Yeo Hong Goo , Yeager Charles , Ma Xiaokun , Ramirez J. Israel , Sun Kaige G. , Rahn Christopher , Jackson Thomas N. , Trolier-McKinstry Susan 
Published: December 2014

The development of self-powered wireless microelectromechanical (MEMS) sensors hinges on the ability to harvest adequate energy from the environment. When solar energy is not available, mechanical energy from ambient vibrations, which are typically low frequency, is of particular interest. Here, higher power levels were approached by better coupling mechanical energy into the harvester, using improved piezoelectric layers, and efficiently extracting energy through the use of low voltage rectifiers. Most of the available research on piezoelectric energy harvesters reports Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) or AlN thin films on Si substrates, which are well-utilized for microfabrication. However, to be highly reliable under large vibrations and impacts, flexible passive layers such as metal foil with high fracture strength would be more desirable than brittle Si substrates for MEMS energy harvesting. In addition, metallic substrates readily enable tuning the resonant frequency down by adding proof masses. In order to extract the maximum power from such a device, a high level of (001) film orientation enables an increase in the energy harvesting figures of merit due to the coupling of strong piezoelectricity and low dielectric permittivity.
Strongly {001} oriented PZT could be deposited by chemical solution deposition or RF magnetron sputtering and ex situ annealing on (100) oriented LaNiO3 / HfO2 / Ni foils. The comparatively high thermal expansion coefficient of the Ni facilitates development of a strong out-of-plane polarization. 31 mode cantilever beam energy harvesters were fabricated using strongly {001} textured 1∼3 μm thick PZT films on Ni foils with dielectric permittivity of ∼ 350 and low loss tangent (<2%) at 100 Hz. The resonance frequency of the cantilevers (50∼75 Hz) was tuned by changing the beam size and proof mass. A cantilever beam with 3 μm thickness of PZT film and 0.4 g proof mass exhibited a maximum output power of 64.5 μW under 1 g acceleration vibration with a 100 kΩ load resistance after poling at 50 V (EC ∼ 16 V) for 10 min at room temperature. Under 0.3g acceleration, the average power of the device is 9 μW at a resonance frequency of ∼70 Hz. Excellent agreement between the measured and modeled data was obtained using a linear analytical model for an energy harvesting system, using an Euler-Bernoulli beam model. It was also demonstrated that up to an order of magnitude more power could be harvested by more efficiently utilizing the available strain using a parabolic mode shape for the vibrating structure. Additionally, voltage rectifying electronics in the form of ZnO thin film transistors are deposited directly on the cantilever. This relieves the role of voltage rectification from the interfacing circuitry and provides a technique improved harvesting relative to solid state diode rectification because the turn-on bias can be reduced to zero.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Papillomavirus Genotype 13 from Local Yellow Cattle in Hainan Province, China
Authors: Pang Feng , Shi Qiaoyun , Du Li , Zhao Tianjing , Cheng Ying , Jiao Hanwei , Zhao Jianguo , Wang Manchuriga , Rong Hui , Zhou Hailong , Wang Fengyang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Here, we present the complete genome sequence of bovine papillomavirus genotype 13 isolated from local yellow cattle in Hainan, China. The genome is 7,961 bp and contains six early genes and two late genes. This analysis provides important information for the research of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in China.
Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain, CH/GDZQ/2014, Responsible for a Severe Outbreak of Diarrhea in Piglets in Guangdong, China, 2014
Authors: Song Deping , Chen Yanjun , Peng Qi , Huang Dongyan , Zhang Tiansheng , Huang Tao , Zhang Fanfan , Zhou Xinrong , Tang Yuxin 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
The full-length genome sequence of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, CH/GDZQ/2014, was determined. The isolate was a variant strain with a relatively far relationship with the PEDV strains previously identified in the same area between 2011 and 2012 and was genetically distinct from the CV777-based vaccine strain currently being used in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces fradiae ATCC 19609, a Strain Highly Sensitive to Antibiotics
Authors: Bekker Olga B. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Vatlin Aleksey A. , Zakharevich Natalia V. , Kasianov Artem S. , Danilenko Valery N. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here a sequence of the genome of the
Streptomyces fradiae
ATCC 19609 strain, initially isolated from the soil, which produces tylosin.
S. fradiae
is highly sensitive to different classes of antibiotics, compared to the sensitivities of other bacteria. We have identified 9 groups of genes directly or indirectly involved in the resistome formation.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Aniline-Degrading Bacterium,
Burkholderia
sp. K24
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeop , Yun Sung Ho , Choi Chi-Won , Lee Dong-Gi , Choi Jong Soon , Kahng Hyung-Yeel , Kim Seung Il 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia
sp. K24 is an aniline-degrading soil bacterium that utilizes aniline and its analogues as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain that consists of 8,344,181 bp, with a G+C content of 61.7%.
Molecular Characterization of Genome Sequences of Beak and Feather Disease Virus from the Australian Twenty-Eight Parrot (
Barnardius zonarius semitorquatus
)
Authors: Sarker Subir , Das Shubhagata , Ghorashi Seyed A. , Forwood Jade K. , Raidal Shane R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Three complete genomes of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were recovered from wild twenty-eight parrots (
Polytelis anthopeplus monarchoides
). The genomes consisted of 1,996 bp with 1,934 identical sites and a typically content stem-loop structure between ORF1 and ORF2. This is the first report of BFDV infection as well as the complete genome sequences for this host species globally.
Draft Genome Sequence of Anoxybacillus flavithermus Strain 25, Isolated from the Garga Hot Spring in the Barguzin Valley, Baikal Region, Russian Federation
Authors: Rozanov Aleksey S. , Bryanskaya Alla V. , Kotenko Anastasia V. , Malup Tatiana K. , Peltek Sergey E. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Anoxybacillus flavithermus
strain 25 was isolated from a sediment sample from the Garga hot spring in the Barguzin Valley, Baikal Region, Russian Federation (54°19′3.72″N, 110°59′38.4″E). The sequenced and annotated genome is 2,838,680 bp and encodes 3,009 genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Anti-Algal Marine Actinomycete
Streptomyces
sp. JS01
Authors: Zhang Huajun , Zhang Su , Peng Yun , Li Yi , Chen Zhangran , Zheng Wei , Xu Hong , Yu Zhiming , Zheng Tianling 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces
sp. JS01 is the producer of an anti-algal compound that shows inhibitory activity against a harmful algal species
Phaeocystis globosa
and can also produce a red pigment. Its genome sequence will allow for the characterization of the anti-algal compound and the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial properties.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Versatile Alkane-Degrading Bacterium
Aquabacterium
sp. Strain NJ1
Authors: Masuda Hisako , Shiwa Yuh , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Zylstra Gerben J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of a soil bacterium,
Aquabacterium
sp. strain NJ1, capable of utilizing both liquid and solid alkanes, was deciphered. This is the first report of an
Aquabacterium
genome sequence.
Effect of Acupuncture at Ht7 on Heart Rate Variability: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Huang Huanlin , Zhong Zheng , Chen Junqi , Huang Yong , Luo Jixuan , Wu Junxian , Liao Hanbo , Zhen Erchuan , Lin Renyong , Fasmer Ole Bernt , Wik Gustav 
Published: December 2014

Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture at HT7 on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy volunteers. Methods 120 subjects were divided into four groups using a random number table. The following groups of acupuncture interventions were used: HT7 verum acupuncture; HT7 non-penetrating sham acupuncture; acupuncture at a sham point; and no acupuncture. HRV was recorded 10 min before, during and after each stimulation using an Actiheart ECG recorder. Results The HT7 verum acupuncture group had higher very-low frequency, low frequency and high frequency components of HRV compared with the control groups during but not after acupuncture. The HT7 verum acupuncture group also had higher SD of normal intervals compared with the sham needling and no acupuncture control groups. Conclusions Our preliminary study suggests, subject to limitations, that acupuncture at HT7 could affect cardiac autonomic neural regulation in healthy subjects, manifest as increased HRV, most likely via the parasympathetic system. Trial Registration Number ChiCTR-TRC-08000302.
From plans to actions in patient and public involvement: qualitative study of documented plans and the accounts of researchers and patients sampled from a cohort of clinical trials
Authors: Buck Deborah , Gamble Carrol , Dudley Louise , Preston Jennifer , Hanley Bec , Williamson Paula R , Young Bridget ,   The EPIC Patient Advisory Group
Published: December 2014

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is increasingly required, although evidence to inform its implementation is limited.ObjectiveInform the evidence base by describing how plans for PPI were implemented within clinical trials and identifying the challenges and lessons learnt by research teams.MethodsWe compared PPI plans extracted from clinical trial grant applications (funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme between 2006 and 2010) with researchers’ and PPI contributors’ interview accounts of PPI implementation. Analysis of PPI plans and transcribed qualitative interviews drew on the Framework technique.ResultsOf 28 trials, 25 documented plans for PPI in funding applications and half described implementing PPI before applying for funding. Plans varied from minimal to extensive, although almost all anticipated multiple modes of PPI. Interview accounts indicated that PPI plans had been fully implemented in 20/25 trials and even expanded in some. Nevertheless, some researchers described PPI within their trials as tokenistic. Researchers and contributors noted that late or minimal PPI engagement diminished its value. Both groups perceived uncertainty about roles in relation to PPI, and noted contributors’ lack of confidence and difficulties attending meetings. PPI contributors experienced problems in interacting with researchers and understanding technical language. Researchers reported difficulties finding ‘the right’ PPI contributors, and advised caution when involving investigators’ current patients.ConclusionsEngaging PPI contributors early and ensuring ongoing clarity about their activities, roles and goals, is crucial to PPI's success. Funders, reviewers and regulators should recognise the value of preapplication PPI and allocate further resources to it. They should also consider whether PPI plans in grant applications match a trial's distinct needs. Monitoring and reporting PPI before, during and after trials will help the research community to optimise PPI, although the need for ongoing flexibility in implementing PPI should also be recognised.