bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime of starspots on detached eclipsing binaries: Detecting the effects of tides on stellar activity
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Pan Yang , Fu Jianning , Zong Peng , Zong Weikai , Cang Tianqi , Zhang Bo , Pan Yu 
Published: August 2024

Context. Tidal deformation breaks the axisymmetric structure of stars, and this may affect stellar activity. This effect has been demonstrated in theoretical analyses and simulations, but it lacks observational support. In this paper, we use spot-modulated detached binaries to study the effect of tides on stellar activity. We show this effect by analyzing the properties of the spot lifetime, the harmonic decay timescale, and the orbital parameters.
Aims. We aim to explore the differences in spot lifetimes between binaries and single stars, the main mechanisms of spot decay in binaries, and the correlation between orbital parameters and spot lifetimes. These differences will provide clues to the effect of tides on stellar activity.
Methods. We collected data of 311 spot-modulated detached binaries and 3272 single stars. The relative orbital parameters of the binaries were derived by combining Kepler photometry, stellar atmospheric parameters from LAMOST DR9 and Gaia DR3, and 2MASS photometry. We then used the ACF method to obtain the rotational periods, lifetimes, and harmonic decay timescales. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the lifetime of spots and orbital parameters, explored the dominant decay mechanism of spots, and examined the differences in spots for binaries and single stars.
Results. The relative lifetime of a starspot is correlated with the sum of the fractional radii, the orbital eccentricity, and the synchronization ratio. Longer lifetimes are observed in close, circular, and synchronous binaries than in the other binaries. The main mechanism for the decay of star spots in binaries is large-scale convective motion. However, on close, cool, and fast-rotating binaries, horizontal diffusion or subphotospheric diffusion are dominant. Compared to single stars, the median lifetime of a starspot on binaries was found to be longer. Moreover, this difference decreases with rotation period. Additionally, it should be noted that spots on binaries experience increased horizontal or subphotospheric diffusion at the same rotation period and effective temperature.
Conclusions. According to the observation results, we conclude that the lifetime of starspots on detached close binaries is affected by tidal interactions.
Debatte zu kontrolliertem Trinken: Was wir über kontrolliertes und
reduziertes Trinken wissen und was nicht
Authors: Bischof Gallus 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungKontrolliertes Trinken (KT) ist und war ein kontroverses Behandlungsziel in der
Behandlung von Alkoholkonsumstörungen. Angesichts der unzureichenden
Erreichbarkeit betroffener Menschen durch das Suchthilfesystem positionierte
sich der Dachverband der Deutschen Suchtfachgesellschaften 2019 dahingehend,
dass KT eine relevante Therapieoption darstellen könnte. Der vorliegende Beitrag
gibt vor dem Hintergrund des Positionspapiers der Dachgesellschaft einen
Überblick zum gegenwärtigen Wissensstand hinsichtlich Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
von KT in der Behandlung von Alkoholkonsumstörungen und diskutiert bedeutsame
Wissensdefizite in dem Feld.
PEth: internationale Grenzwerte, neue Ansätze und deren Relevanz in
der Praxis
Authors: Luginbühl Marc , Stöth Frederike 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis und die Klassifizierung des Alkoholkonsums spielen eine
entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen, sei es im
Straßenverkehr, im Gesundheitswesen oder am Arbeitsplatz. Die Verwendung von
Alkoholbiomarkern ermöglicht eine objektive Beurteilung der Trinkgewohnheiten
sowohl im klinischen als auch im forensischen Bereich. Neben etablierten
Biomarkern wie Ethylglukuronid (EtG) oder Carbohydrat-defizientes Transferrin
(CDT) gewinnt Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) als direkter Alkoholbiomarker zunehmend
an Bedeutung. PEth wird nur gebildet, wenn Alkohol im Körper vorhanden ist und
liefert als Bestandteil der zellulären Fraktion des Blutes Informationen über
das Konsumverhalten. Für die Interpretation wird derzeit hauptsächlich das in
menschlichem Blut am stärksten vertretene PEth 16:0/18:1 verwendet und
üblicherweise auf Basis von zwei Grenzwerten interpretiert. Diese Grenzwerte
erlauben eine Einteilung in: 1.) Abstinenz/minimalen Alkoholkonsum, 2.)
Alkoholkonsum und 3.) exzessiven, chronischen Alkoholkonsum. In diesem Artikel
werden die derzeitigen Grenzwerte für die Interpretation von
PEth-Konzentrationen diskutiert und weitere Bemühungen zur Überprüfung und
Gewährleistung der Vergleichbarkeit zwischen verschiedenen Laboren vorgestellt.
Darüber hinaus werden aktuelle und neue Ansätze im Bereich der PEth-Forschung
präsentiert. Dazu gehören neue Entwicklungen für die Normalisierung des
Hämatokrits bei der Messung von PEth, die Verwendung von Point-of-care-testing
(POCT) Geräten zur Messung von PEth am Ort der Blutentnahme, der Nachweis von
PEth in Speichel und Wangenabstrichen, die Verwendung von Immunoassays, sowie
das Potential des neu entdeckten Biomarkers Lyso-PEth. Es bleibt abzuwarten, wie
sich diese neuen Ansätze entwickeln und möglicherweise die Überwachung des
Alkoholkonsums und die Diagnose von Alkoholkonsumstörungen in Zukunft verändern
oder verbessern können. Grundsätzlich besteht noch großes Potenzial für
Fortschritte in Richtung höherer Sensitivität, Spezifität und der Anwendbarkeit
in verschiedenen klinischen Kontexten.
Hodentumor – welche Vorteile bringt der neue Tumormarker microRNA-371a-3p (M371-Test)
Authors: Dieckmann Klaus-Peter , Belge Gazanfer 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Keimzelltumor des Hodens ist ein Musterbeispiel für die Verwendung von Serum-Tumormarkern. Das Dilemma ist, dass die aktuellen Marker beta Human Chorion Gonadotropin (bHCG) und Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP) sowie Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) nur etwa bei 50% aller Keimzelltumoren erhöht sind. Im Jahre 2011 wurde erstmals die microRNA-371a-3p (M371) als neuer Tumormarker vorgeschlagen. MicroRNAs sind kleine RNA-Fragmente von 18–24 Basenpaaren, die eine epigenetische Bedeutung bei der Steuerung der Proteinbiosynthese haben. Die M371 kann im Serum mit PCR-Technik gemessen werden.Mit einem hohen Maß an formaler Evidenz konnte gezeigt werden, dass M371 eine Sensitivität von etwa 90% und eine Spezifität von über 90% für Keimzelltumoren des Hodens aufweist. Die M371 ist dabei für Seminome und Nichtseminome gleichermaßen sensitiv und spezifisch. Allerdings exprimieren Teratome den Marker nicht, wie auch nichtgerminale Hodentumoren und Karzinome anderer Organe. Der Marker weist eine sehr kurze Halbwertszeit von <24 Stunden auf.In naher Zukunft darf erwartet werden, dass der Test substanzielle Hilfe geben wird bei vielen klinischen Entscheidungssituationen, die bisher nur unbefriedigend zu lösen waren. Dies dürfte vor allem für die folgenden sechs Szenarien zutreffen: (1) Abklärung eines zufällig entdeckten kleinen Hodentumors mit Weichenstellung in Richtung organerhaltender Exzision versus Ablatio testis; (2) Vereinfachung der Nachsorge von Hodentumoren durch Reduktion der Bildgebung; (3) Einschätzung unklarer Lymphknotenvergrößerungen im Rahmen des klinischen Stagings; (4) Abklärung von unklaren (falsch positiven) Erhöhungen der klassischen Tumormarker; (5) rasche Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf Therapie aufgrund der kurzen Halbwertszeit; (6) Hilfe bei der Entscheidungsfindung für die Behandlung von Residualtumoren nach Chemotherapie, insbesondere bei Resttumoren des Seminoms.Die Entdeckung und Entwicklung des Tumormarkers M371 stellt einen Meilenstein dar bei der Ausformung pragmatischer Therapiekonzepte für Keimzelltumoren.
Effectiveness of Risk Analysis Index Frailty Scores as a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Lower Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Swiekatowski Kylie R. , Barrera Jose E. , Hopkins David , Manisundaram Arvind D. , Bhadkamkar Mohin A. , Wu-Fienberg Yuewei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background The rising clinical importance of assessing frailty is driven by its predictive capability for postoperative outcomes. This study assesses the effectiveness of RAI-rev (Revised Risk Analysis Index) in predicting adverse outcomes in lower extremity (LE) flap reconstruction.
Methods Analyzing NSQIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) data from 2015 to 2020, we compared demographics, perioperative factors, and 30-day outcomes in all locoregional and free-flap cases. Frailty scores, calculated using RAI-rev, were categorized with <15 as nonfrail and >35 as the most frail. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for specific complications were calculated using nonfrail as the reference group. Frailty scores in locoregional flaps were compared with those in free flaps.
Results We identified 270 locoregional and 107 free-flap cases. Higher RAI-rev scores in locoregional flaps correlated with increased complications, such as deep surgical site infection (1% nonfrail vs. 20% RAI 31–35), stroke (0% nonfrail vs. 17% most frail), and mortality (0% nonfrail vs. 17% most frail). Locoregional flap cases with RAI-rev scores in the most frail group had a significantly elevated aOR for stroke (51.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–1402.5, p = 0.02), mortality (43.1, 95% CI: 1.6–1167.6, p = 0.03), and any complication (6.8, 95% CI: 1.2–37.4, p = 0.03). In free-flap cases, higher RAI-rev scores were associated with increased complications, with only sepsis showing a statistically significant difference (6% nonfrail vs. 100% most frail; aOR: 42.3, CI: 1.45–1245.3, p = 0.03). Free-flap cases had a significantly lower RAI-rev score compared with locoregional flap cases (14.91 vs. 17.64, p = 0.01).
Conclusion Elevated RAI-rev scores (>35) correlated with more complications in locoregional flaps, while free-flap reconstruction patients had generally low RAI-rev scores. This suggests that free flaps are less commonly recommended for presumed higher risk patients. The study demonstrates that RAI-rev may be able to serve as a risk calculator in LE reconstruction, aiding in the assessment of candidates for limb salvage versus amputation.
Final Analysis Results from the AGEHA Study: Emicizumab Prophylaxis for Acquired Hemophilia A with or without Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Shima Midori , Suzuki Nobuaki , Nishikii Hidekazu , Amano Kagehiro , Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Kobayashi Ryota , Ozaki Ryoto , Yoneyama Koichiro , Mizuno Narumi , Sakaida Emiko , Saito Makoto , Okamura Takashi , Ito Toshihiro , Hattori Norimichi , Higasa Satoshi , Seki Yoshinobu , Nogami Keiji 
Published: August 2024

Background Primary analysis of the phase III AGEHA study suggested a favorable benefit–risk profile for emicizumab prophylaxis in patients with acquired hemophilia A (PwAHA); however, only patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (IST; Cohort 1) were included.
Objectives To present final analysis results of AGEHA, including data on IST-ineligible patients (Cohort 2) and on long-term prophylaxis with emicizumab.
Methods For patients in both Cohorts 1 and 2, emicizumab was administered subcutaneously at 6 mg/kg on Day 1, 3 mg/kg on Day 2, and 1.5 mg/kg once weekly from Day 8 onward.
Results Twelve patients (Cohort 1) and two patients (Cohort 2) were enrolled. Duration of emicizumab treatment was 8 to 639 days (median: 44.5 days) in Cohort 1 and 64 and 450 days in Cohort 2. In both cohorts, no major bleeds were observed after initial emicizumab administration. Six patients started their first rehabilitation sessions during emicizumab treatment and no rehabilitation-related bleeds occurred. Twenty-three surgeries were performed under emicizumab prophylaxis and there were no bleeds related to surgeries. Although asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis was reported in one patient in the primary analysis, no other thrombotic events occurred thereafter. Two patients developed anti-emicizumab antibodies, one of whom showed accelerated emicizumab clearance. Tailored IST approaches (delayed initiation, no use, or reduced dose) were successfully executed in three patients undergoing emicizumab prophylaxis.
Conclusion These results suggest that emicizumab prophylaxis has a favorable benefit–risk profile in PwAHA regardless of eligibility for IST.
Fallopian tube catheterization under 3D vaginal ultrasound guidance followed by highly selective hysterosalpingo-foam sonography: an outpatient procedure
Authors: Melcer Yaakov , Pekar-Zlotin Marina , YOUNGSTER Michal , Gat Itai , Maymon Ron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo describe the feasibility of our preliminary outpatient fallopian tube catheterization procedure under 3D vaginal ultrasound (US) guidance followed by highly selective hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (HyFoSy) in infertile women diagnosed with proximal tubal obstruction.A prospective trial was conducted from October 2022 to December 2023. 3D vaginal US was used to establish the precise location of the tip of the selective salpingography catheter at the tubal ostium. A roadrunner was used to cannulate the occluded portion of the fallopian tube. After tubal cannulation, ExEm foam was injected under direct US guidance to confirm tubal recanalization and its passage through the fallopian tubes.During the study period, a total of 14 women with proximal tubal occlusion underwent this procedure. Tubal patency was achieved in 92.8% of cases. No immediate and remote complications were observed. To date, 3 (21.4%) of the patients conceived after tubal catheterization and 1 had a live birth.Outpatient fallopian tube catheterization under 3D vaginal US guidance, followed by selective HyFoSy, can be successfully implemented for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with proximal tubal occlusion. The 3D modality allows volume capture of the required acquisition and subsequent post-imaging analysis, thus permitting further examination and study. Additional experience is needed to determine the feasibility of this innovative procedure and to identify the patient subgroups that would benefit the most from this approach.
Design and Synthesis of Out/Out, Out/In, and In/In Epoxides in Polycyclic Cage Frameworks
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Salman Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report a useful synthetic approach to assemble in/in epoxide, in/out epoxide, and out/out epoxide in cage systems using the Corey–Chaykovsky reaction and the Peterson olefination as key steps. In this regard, a variety of pentacycloundecane (PCUD) based cage compounds containing oxirane rings with diverse stereochemical disposition were synthesized via a simple synthetic sequence. Five cage diones were used for this purpose, and the starting cage diones were prepared with easily accessible starting materials such as 1,4-hydroquinone derivatives and cyclopentadiene. Here, we have used the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, a [2+2] photocycloaddition, the Corey–Chaykovsky reaction, and the Peterson olefination as crucial steps to prepare the target molecules.
Nickel-Catalyzed O-Methylation of Cinnamic Acid Using DMSO as Methyl Surrogate
Authors: Phukan Prodeep , Talukdar Hrishikesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA new method for the O-methylation of cinnamic acid employing DMSO as the methylating agent has been devised, employing a Ni-DMAP complex as catalyst along with Ag2O and dimethylamine as additives. This protocol demonstrates broad substrate compatibility and good tolerance towards various functional groups. The key advantages of this approach include the utilization of cost-effective catalysts, moderate to high yield of the products, and short reaction time.
Sequential Copper-Catalyzed Amidation and Hydroxylation for Acetaminophen Synthesis
Authors: Yoo Dongwon , Kim Young Gyu , Seo Youngran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA sequential Cu-catalyzed amidation and hydroxylation of p-dihalobenzenes is applied to synthesize acetaminophen. This method allows the direct introduction of acetamido and hydroxy groups under acid-free conditions without forming other regioisomers. By using a one-pot process, acetaminophen can be prepared with an overall yield of up to 74%.
Synthesis of Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligonucleotides (PMOs) Using Staudinger Reduction as a Deblocking Condition and Its Usefulness for Orthogonal Conjugation in Bi- and Trifunctionalized PMOs
Authors: Sinha Surajit , Pratihar Subhamoy , Qasim Md 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of short phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs) has been successfully achieved using azidoaryl carbamate protected chlorophosphoramidate monomers. The deprotection step carried out in a neutral medium with triphenylphosphine-based reagents avoids the need for chlorinated solvents. This method uses a meticulously tailored combination of resin support, solvents, deblocking agents, and coupling reagents to ensure efficient synthesis. Additionally, the azidoaryl carbamate protecting group has been adapted as an orthogonal protection, enabling the development of bi- and trifunctionalized PMOs for bioconjugation. These advancements are expected to broaden the potential applications of PMOs in biomedical research.
Impella 5.5 Support for Delayed Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Repair—A Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Großmann Clara , Krasivskyi Ihor , Djordjevic Ilija , Kuhn Elmar W. , Origel Romero Christian , Bakhtiary Farhad , Mader Navid , Deppe Antje Christin , Wahlers Thorsten C. W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) remain a rare but life-threatening complication of myocardial infarction. Although the incidence has decreased due to better treatment options, the mortality rate remains high. The timing of VSD repair remains critical to outcome. The use of mechanical circulatory support is rarely described in the literature, although it may help to delay repair to allow tissue stabilization. While Impella is currently considered contraindicated due to the potential worsening of the right-to-left shunt and possible systemic embolization of necrotic debris, there is no comprehensive evidence for this. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether the use of Impella 5.5 as a first choice for patients undergoing VSD repair should be considered for discussion.
Methods This retrospective study analyses four consecutive patients who underwent delayed ventricular septal repair after prior implantation of Impella 5.5 (Abiomed Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States).
Results A total of 75% of patients (n = 3) presented with acute right heart failure prior to implantation with a mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 64 ± 3.0 mmHg. Implantation was performed under local anesthesia in three cases. The mean time to surgery was 9.8 ± 3.1 days. All patients remained on the Impella 5.5 device postoperatively. Weaning from Impella 5.5 was successful in 75% (n = 3). The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 22.3 ± 7.5 days.
Conclusion Preoperative implantation of the Impella 5.5 device is a safe and feasible option for patients undergoing VSD repair. Outcomes may be improved by performing Impella implantation under local anesthesia and continuing Impella support after VSD repair. However, it is important to note that these patients represent a high-risk cohort and the mortality rate remains high.
A choice architect’s guide to the (autonomous) galaxy: a systematic scoping review of nudge intrusiveness in food choices
Authors: Lemken Dominic , Erhard Ainslee , Wahnschafft Simone 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn seeking to uphold consumer autonomy in the design and implementation of nudge interventions, choice architects must concern themselves with preserving both the availability of options made to consumers (freedom of choice), and the capacity of consumers to deliberate and choose (agency) Several studies aim to examine the extent to which nudges truly uphold autonomy; however, most examine self-reported perceived intrusiveness on autonomy, rather than considering autonomy from the perspective of how nudges are designed. Leveraging a systematic scoping review of nudges related to food choice (N = 146), a common policy arena for nudge interventions, we develop a typology of three mechanisms of nudge design that, when not considered, could unduly intrude upon autonomy: (1) the effort to opt out, delineated along economic and physical sub-dimensions; (2) affective influence, such as social reference messaging and emotional appeals; and (3) non-transparency, including of the nudge itself and of non-nudged alternative options. We discuss how each mechanism manifested in reviewed studies, and ultimately offer possible criteria that can be used to evaluate nudge intrusiveness along each mechanism. This typology can support choice architects to discern how nudges might better protect consumer autonomy, and ultimately uphold it in pursuit of behavior change. Our scoping review further provides empirical support for the concept of resistible yet effective nudges.
Partial discharge detection, diagnosis, and location technology based on a novel transient earth voltage-ultrasonic integrated sensor used for switchgear equipment
Authors: Han Xutao , Wang Haotian , Sun Yuan , Chen Huan , Meng Xuan , Zhou Yang , Zhang Xuanrui , Li Junhao 
Published: August 2024

Medium-voltage (MV) switchgear and gas insulated switchgear (GIS) are essential components of power-grid systems. Their safe operation is crucial for the electricity consumption of users. However, insulation faults often occur during the operation of MV switchgear and GIS because of pollution, humidity, heat, mechanical shock, and other factors. Partial discharge (PD) measurements are the most effective indicator to prevent insulation failure. Transient earth voltage (TEV) and ultrasonic methods are the most popular PD measurement methods for switchgear. Currently, these two methods are used widely and independently. In this study, a novel TEV-ultrasonic integrated sensor is proposed based on the independent structure of the TEV and the ultrasonic sensor. The performance parameters of the proposed sensor were tested on test platforms. PD measurement experiments were conducted in a 10 kV switchgear and 220 kV GIS to analyze the performance of the integrated sensor. The results show that the sensor can simultaneously measure the TEV and ultrasonic signals in the same location. The integrated sensor can realize effective and sensitive detection, precise location, and accurate diagnosis of PD in the MV switchgear and GIS.
Bandgap tuning in ZnxCd1−xTe superlattices through variable atomic ordering
Authors: Barone V. , Ellingson R. J. , Khare S. V. 
Published: August 2024

We explore the entire search space of 32-layer ZnxCd1−xTe superlattices to find the structures that minimize and maximize the bandgap at each possible zinc concentration. The searching is accomplished through an accurate and efficient combination of valence force field dynamics, the empirical pseudopotential method, and the folded spectrum method. We also describe the use of an alternate preconditioner that improves the robustness and efficiency of the locally optimal preconditioned conjugate gradient’s solutions to the folded spectrum method. The physical properties of these superlattices, such as their formation energies, bandgaps, densities of states, effective masses, and optical response functions, are investigated with density functional theory paired with hybrid functionals and compare well to available experimental measurements. It is revealed that the bandgap of ZnxCd1−xTe may change by up to 0.2 eV depending on how the layers in the superlattice are ordered. Stacking order has a large, irregular effect on the effective masses, but optical response functions seem insensitive to it.