bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minireview: SLCO and ABC Transporters: A Role for Steroid Transport in Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Cho Eunpi , Montgomery R. Bruce , Mostaghel Elahe A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Androgens play a critical role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and androgen deprivation therapy via surgical or medical castration is front-line therapy for patients with advanced PCa. However, intratumoral testosterone levels are elevated in metastases from patients with castration-resistant disease, and residual intratumoral androgens have been implicated in mediating ligand-dependent mechanisms of androgen receptor activation. The source of residual tissue androgens present despite castration has not been fully elucidated, but proposed mechanisms include uptake and conversion of adrenal androgens, such as dehdroepiandrosterone to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, or de novo androgen synthesis from cholesterol or progesterone precursors. In this minireview, we discuss the emerging evidence that suggests a role for specific transporters in mediating transport of steroids into or out of prostate cells, thereby influencing intratumoral androgen levels and PCa development and progression. We focus on the solute carrier and ATP binding cassette gene families, which have the most published data for a role in PCa-related steroid transport, and review the potential impact of genetic variation on steroid transport activity and PCa outcomes. Continued assessment of transport activity in PCa models and human tumor tissue is needed to better delineate the different roles these transporters play in physiologic and neoplastic settings, and in order to determine whether targeting the uptake of steroid substrates by specific transporters may be a clinically feasible therapeutic strategy.
Estradiol Prevents Fat Accumulation and Overcomes Leptin Resistance in Female High-Fat Diet Mice
Authors: Litwak Sara A. , Wilson Jenny L. , Chen Weiyi , Garcia-Rudaz Cecilia , Khaksari Mohammad , Cowley Michael A. , Enriori Pablo J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn premenopausal and menopausal women in particular, suboptimal estrogens have been linked to the development of the metabolic syndrome as major contributors to fat accumulation. At the same time, estrogens have been described to have a role in regulating body metabolic status. We evaluated how endogenous or administered estrogens impact on the changes associated with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption in 2 different paradigms; ovarian-intact and in ovariectomized mice. When estradiol (E2) was cyclically administered to ovarian-intact HFD-fed mice for 12 weeks, animals gained significantly less weight than ovarian-intact vehicle controls (P &lt; .01). This difference was mainly due to a reduced caloric intake but not to an increase in energy expenditure or locomotor activity. This E2 treatment regime to mice exposed to HFD was overall able to avoid the increase of visceral fat content to levels of those found in mice fed a regular chow diet. In the ovariectomized model, the main body weight and fat content reducing action of E2 was not only through decreasing food intake but also by increasing the whole-body energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and by inducing fat oxidation. Importantly, these animals became responsive to the anorexigenic effects of leptin in contrast to the vehicle-treated and the pair-fed control groups (P &lt; .01). Further, in vitro hypothalamic secretion experiments revealed that treatment of obese mice with E2 is able to modulate the secretion of appetite-regulating neuropeptides; namely, E2 increased the secretion of the anorectic neuropeptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and decreased the secretion of the orexigenic neuropetides neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide. In conclusion, differences in response to E2 treatment of HFD-fed animals depend on their endogenous estrogenic status. Overall, E2 administration overcomes arcuate leptin resistance and partially prevents fat accumulation on these mice.
Lower Mitochondrial Proton Leak and Decreased Glutathione Redox in Primary Muscle Cells of Obese Diet-Resistant Versus Diet-Sensitive Humans
Authors: Thrush A. Brianne , Zhang Rui , Chen William , Seifert Erin L. , Quizi Jessica K. , McPherson Ruth , Dent Robert , Harper Mary-Ellen 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Weight loss success in response to energy restriction is highly variable. This may be due in part to differences in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine whether mitochondrial function, content, and oxidative stress differ in well-matched obese individuals in the upper [obese diet sensitive (ODS)] vs lower quintiles [obese diet resistant (ODR)] for rate of weight loss.

Design:
Primary myotubes derived from muscle biopsies of individuals identified as ODS or ODR were studied.

Setting:
Compliant ODS and ODR females who completed in the Ottawa Hospital Weight Management Program and identified as ODS and ODR participated in this study.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eleven ODS and nine ODR weight-stable females matched for age, body mass, and body mass index participated in this study.

Intervention:
Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained and processed for muscle satellite cell isolation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Mitochondrial respiration, content, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione redox ratios were measured in the myotubes of ODS and ODR individuals.

Results:
Mitochondrial proton leak was increased in myotubes of ODS compared with ODR (P &lt; .05). Reduced and oxidized glutathione was decreased in the myotubes of ODR vs ODS (P &lt; .05), indicating a more oxidized glutathione redox state. There were no differences in myotube mitochondrial content, uncoupling protein 3, or adenine nucleotide translocase levels.

Conclusions:
Lower rate of mitochondrial proton leak in muscle is a cell autonomous phenomenon in ODR vs ODS individuals, and this is associated with a more oxidized glutathione redox state in ODR vs ODS myotubes. The muscle of ODR subjects may thus have a lower capacity to adapt to oxidative stress as compared with ODS.
Ratio of Urine Albumin to Creatinine Attenuates the Association of Dementia With Hip Fracture Risk
Authors: Bůžková Petra , Barzilay Joshua I. , Fink Howard A. , Robbins John A. , Cauley Jane A. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Microvascular disease is a leading cause of cognitive impairment. Approximately 50% of people with a hip fracture have cognitive impairment.

Objective:
We tested the hypothesis that microvascular diseases of the brain (lacunar infarcts and white matter disease [WMD]), kidney (albuminuria [≥ 30 mg/g creatinine] and albumin creatinine ratio [ACR]), and eye (retinal vascular disorders) attenuate the association of cognitive impairment with hip fracture risk.

Setting:
The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.

Patients:
Three thousand, one-hundred six participants (mean age, ∼79 y; 8.84 y median follow-up) with cognitive testing. Subsets received ACR testing (n=2389), brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 2094), and retinal photography (n = 1098).

Main Outcome Measure:
Incident hip fracture.

Results:
There were 488 participants (16%) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 564 (18%) with dementia. There were 337 incident hip fractures, of which 19% occurred in participants with MCI and 26% in participants with dementia. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval for hip fracture in participants with MCI were 2.45 (1.67–3.61) and for dementia 2.35 (1.57–3.52). With doubling of ACR, the HR for fracture was attenuated in participants with dementia compared with participants with normal cognition [interaction HR 0.70 (0.55–0.91)]. No such effect was found in participants with MCI. Albuminuria, lacunar infarcts, WMD, and retinal vascular disease (RVD) did not modify the association of dementia or MCI with hip fracture risk.

Conclusions:
ACR attenuates part of the risk of hip fracture in people with dementia, suggesting that these disorders share a common pathogenesis.
Longitudinal Assessment of Adrenal Function in the Early and Prolonged Phases of Critical Illness in Septic Patients: Relations to Cytokine Levels and Outcome
Authors: Vassiliadi Dimitra Argyro , Dimopoulou Ioanna , Tzanela Marinella , Douka Evangelia , Livaditi Olga , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Tsagarakis Stylianos 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Adrenal dysfunction remains a controversial issue in critical care. The long-stay intensive care unit (ICU) population may be at increased risk of adrenal insufficiency.

Objective:
We aimed to determine whether adrenal dysfunction develops during the course of sepsis.

Design:
This is a prospective observational longitudinal study.

Setting:
The study was conducted in the ICU of a secondary/tertiary care hospital

Patients:
We studied 51 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis.

Intervention:
We measured cortisol, ACTH, cortisol-binding globulin, cytokines, and cortisol 30 minutes after 1 μg ACTH(1–24), upon sepsis diagnosis and every 3 to 4 days, until Day 30 or until recovery or death.

Main Outcome Measures:
We looked for changes in baseline and stimulated cortisol levels and its relationship to ACTH levels, sepsis severity or survival.

Results:
Baseline and stimulated cortisol levels did not vary significantly. Septic patients with shock had higher baseline (20 ± 6 vs 17 ± 5 μg/dL, P = .03) and stimulated cortisol levels (26 ± 5 vs 23 ± 6 μg/dL, P = .04), compared with those without shock. On Day 1, ACTH levels could not predict cortisol levels (R2 = 0.06, P = .08). ACTH levels increased significantly after Day 10 and, at this time point, they related to cortisol levels (R2 = 0.35, P &lt; .001). Development of septic shock, or resolution from it, was not associated with changes in baseline, stimulated cortisol levels, or the cortisol increment. There was much inpatient variability in the diagnosis of adrenal dysfunction at different time points.

Conclusions:
Total cortisol levels relate both to the severity and outcome of sepsis and remain fairly unchanged during the course of illness. Initially, cortisol levels are largely ACTH independent, whereas ACTH increases and correlates with cortisol levels later on. Adrenal dysfunction does not seem to be a major problem during the prolonged phase of sepsis. Although not significant, the variation in cortisol levels may be such that classification of patients varies, questioning the utility of arbitrary cut-offs to define adrenal dysfunction in septic patients.
Medieval Paris and the Mediterranean: The Evidence from the Silk Industry
Authors: Farmer Sharon 
Published: August 2014

By the last decades of the thirteenth century Paris had a luxury silk cloth industry. Because the demands of weaving silk were considerably different from those of working with wool and linen, the introduction of silk weaving was usually accompanied by the immigration of silk weavers and entrepreneurs. Sources suggest that such immigrants did indeed make a contribution to the nascent silk industry of Paris: the mercers of Paris, who managed silk production, included men with roots in nearly every silk-producing region around the Mediterranean, and several silk workers were from Venice and Cyprus. The presence of these immigrants suggests that we need to rethink the composition of the population of Paris at this time and to take into consideration the ways in which contacts with the Mediterranean transformed the material culture of northern France toward the end of the age of crusades.
Dans les dernières décennies du treizième siècle se développe à Paris une industrie des étoffes de soie de luxe. L’introduction du tissage de la soie s’accompagnait normalement de l’immigration de tisserands et de dirigeants de la production. Les sources suggèrent qu’il existait de tels immigrants à Paris. En effet, parmi les merciers se trouvaient des individus originaires de presque toutes les régions méditerranéennes dans lesquelles on produisait la soie ; de plus, des ouvriers de la soie avaient immigré de Venise et de Chypre. La présence de ces immigrés à Paris vers la fin du treizième siècle suggère que la composition de la population parisienne était plus diverse qu’on pensait jusqu’à présent, et qu’il faut prendre en compte la façon dont les liens entre le Nord de la France et l’aire méditerranéenne ont transformé la culture matérielle française à la fin de l’époque des croisades.
The Three Testaments of Cardinal Mazarin
Authors: Sonnino Paul 
Published: August 2014

The testament of Cardinal Mazarin is quite notorious for some of its extraordinary provisions, but no one seems to have ever noticed its most disturbing feature, namely, that it has come down to us in three texts of different lengths. I identify these texts and demonstrate beyond question that the additions to the two longer texts were inserted after the decease of Cardinal Mazarin, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Colbert. I also describe the circumstances and motives surrounding this forgery and, most important, indicate that this discovery is part and parcel of the solution to one of the great mysteries of the history of France, namely, the mystery of the man in the iron mask.
Le testament du cardinal Mazarin a toujours attiré une certaine curiosité par ses provisions extraordinaires, mais personne n’a jamais remarqué qu’un de ses aspects les plus remarquables est qu’il nous est parvenu en trois versions différentes. L’auteur de cet article a identifié ces trois versions et montre, à n’en pas douter, que les additions dans les deux versions plus étendues furent ajoutées après le décès du cardinal Mazarin, sous la direction de Jean-Baptiste Colbert. L’auteur considère les motifs de cette falsification, proclamant que cette découverte fait partie intégrante de la solution d’un des grands mystères de l’histoire de France, à savoir le mystère de l’homme au masque de fer.
L’historiographie Du « Fascisme » En France
Authors: Passmore Kevin 
Published: August 2014

Cet article étudie les enjeux du débat sur le fascisme en France dans les années trente et sa dimension méthodologique. Il soulignera d’abord que la notion d’un regard « anglo-saxon » empêche de voir à quel point les divergences d’interprétations entre totalitaristes ou marxisantes ont été enracinées dans les champs historiographiques anglophones comme francophones. En outre, le débat sur le fascisme en France n’est pas sans rappeler les luttes politiques des années trente. Pourtant, des deux côtés de la barricade on s’accorde à dire qu’il faut établir la bonne définition du fascisme afin de catégoriser les mouvements et les régimes. L’article porte sur les difficultés de la « logique classificatoire », et pour terminer, il suggérera qu’abandonner la logique classificatoire ne rend pas impossible une approche scientifique aussi bien du fascisme que des ligues en France.
This article asks what is at stake in the debate concerning fascism in France in the 1930s along with its methodological dimension. It will underline first of all that the notion of an “Anglo-Saxon” view of the question obscures the extent to which the divergences between totalitarian and Marxist interpretations are rooted in both English- and France-language historiographies of fascism. Furthermore, the debate about fascism in France shares assumptions with the conflict between the Popular Front and the leagues in the 1930s. However, on both sides of the historiographical barricade, it was agreed that it was necessary to establish a correct definition of fascism in order to categorise movements and regimes. The article deals with the difficulties of the “classificatory logic,” and to conclude, it argues that abandoning the classificatory method does not render historical treatment of fascism impossible.
Thermoregulatory strategy may shape immune investment inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kutch Ian C. , Sevgili Hasan , Wittman Tyler , Fedorka Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAs temperatures change, insects alter the amount of melanin in their cuticle to improve thermoregulation. However, melanin is also central to insect immunity, suggesting that thermoregulatory strategy may indirectly impact immune defense by altering the abundance of melanin pathway components (a hypothesis we refer to as thermoregulatory-dependent immune investment). This may be the case in the cricket Allonemobius socius, where warm environments (both seasonal and geographical) produced crickets with lighter cuticles and increased pathogen susceptibility. Unfortunately, the potential for thermoregulatory strategy to influence insect immunity has not been widely explored. Here we address the relationships between temperature, thermoregulatory strategy and immunity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To this end, flies from two separate Canadian populations were reared in either a summer or fall-like environment. Shortly after adult eclosion, flies were moved to a common environment where their cuticle color and susceptibility to a bacterial pathogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were measured. As with A. socius, individuals from summer-like environments exhibited lighter cuticles and increased pathogen susceptibility, suggesting that the thermoregulatory-immunity relationship is evolutionarily conserved across the hemimetabolous and holometabolous clades. If global temperatures continue to rise as expected, then thermoregulation might play an important role in host infection and mortality rates in systems that provide critical ecosystem services (e.g. pollination), or influence the prevalence of insect-vectored disease (e.g. malaria).
Arginine vasotocin, steroid hormones, and social behavior in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis
Authors: Dunham Leslie A. , Wilczynski Walter 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Abstract Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is a potent regulator of social behavior in many species but little is known about its role in reptilian behavior. Here we examine the effect of exogenous AVT on aggressive responding and courtship behavior in the green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). Aggressive behavior was stimulated in two ways: 1) mirror presentation (no relative status formed) and 2) size-matched pairs (where a social status is achieved). To elicit courtship behavior, a novel female was introduced into the home cage of a male. Regardless of the behavior condition, male anoles were injected IP with either reptile ringer's solution (VEH) or AVT prior to testing. Animals treated with AVT performed fewer aggressive display bouts during mirror presentation but AVT treatment did not affect the overall number of aggressive display bouts within size-matched pairs. Male courtship behavior was not affected by AVT however, untreated females displayed more frequently when paired with an AVT treated male than a VEH injected control suggesting that AVT treated males were more attractive to females. Regardless of behavior condition, AVT injections led to increases in circulating corticosterone. Overall, we found that AVT tended to reduce aggressive behavior as has been reported for other territorial species. AVT did not perceptibly alter male courtship but did increase the display behavior of untreated females paired with treated males. Our study supports a role for AVT in the regulation of reptile social behavior.
Body temperature stability achieved by the large body mass of sea turtles
Authors: Sato Katsufumi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
To investigate the thermal characteristics of large reptiles living in water, temperature data were continuously recorded from 16 free-ranging loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta during internesting periods using data loggers. Core body temperatures were 0.7-1.7°C higher than ambient water temperatures and were kept relatively constant. Unsteady numerical simulations using a spherical thermodynamic model showed mechanistic explanations for these phenomena and the body temperature responses to fluctuating water temperature can be simply explained by a large body mass with a constant thermal diffusivity and a heat production rate rather than physiological thermoregulation. On the other hand, body temperatures increased 2.6-5.1°C in 107-152 min during their emergences to nest on land. The estimated heat production rates on land were 7.4-10.5 times the calculated values in the sea. The theoretical prediction that temperature difference between body and water temperatures would increase according to the body size was confirmed by empirical data recorded from several species of sea turtles. Comparing previously reported data, internesting intervals of leatherback, green and loggerhead turtles were shorter when the body temperatures were higher. Sea turtles seem to benefit from a passive thermoregulatory strategy, which depends primarily on physical attributes of their large body masses.
Parenting and the Behavior Problems of Young Children With an Intellectual Disability: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relationships in a Population-Based Study
Authors: Totsika Vasiliki , Hastings Richard Patrick , Vagenas Dimitrios , Emerson Eric 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe examined parenting behaviors, and their association with concurrent and later child behavior problems. Children with an intellectual disability (ID) were identified from a UK birth cohort (N  =  516 at age 5). Compared to parents of children without an ID, parents of children with an ID used discipline less frequently, but reported a more negative relationship with their child. Among children with an ID, discipline, and home atmosphere had no long-term association with behavior problems, whereas relationship quality did: closer relationships were associated with fewer concurrent and later child behavior problems. Increased parent-child conflict was associated with greater concurrent and later behavior problems. Parenting programs in ID could target parent-child relationship quality as a potential mediator of behavioral improvements in children.
An Illustration of Using Multiple Imputation Versus Listwise Deletion Analyses: The Effect of Hanen's “More Than Words” on Parenting Stress
Authors: Lieberman-Betz Rebecca G. , Yoder Paul , Stone Wendy L. , Nahmias Allison S. , Carter Alice S. , Celimli-Aksoy Seniz , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This investigation illustrates the effects of using different missing data analysis techniques to analyze effects of a parent-implemented treatment on stress in parents of toddlers with autism symptomatology. The analysis approaches yielded similar results when analyzing main effects of the intervention, but different findings for moderation effects. Using listwise deletion, the data supported an iatrogenic effect of Hanen's “More Than Words” on stress in parents with high levels of pretreatment depressive symptoms. Using multiple imputation, a significant moderated treatment effect with uninterpretable regions of significance did not support an iatrogenic effect of treatment on parenting stress. Results highlight the need for caution in interpreting analyses that do not involve validated methods of handling missing data.
Experience of two consecutive pregnancies after Fontan connection: anesthesiology and obstetrical aspects
Authors: Corticelli Alberto , Grimaldi Maura , Marasini Maurizio , Croci Francesco , Trifiletti Valeria , Bonfiglio Monica , Delfino Riccarda , Cinque Enrico , Saltarini Massimiliano 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We report a case of two consecutive pregnancies in a patient where a Fontan connection, a cardiac procedure used since 1971 to provide palliation for patients that cannot support a biventricular circulation was used. Here we analyze the anesthesiological and obstetrical aspects particularly regarding some cardiovascular problems that occurred during the pregnancy and delivery.