bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective behaviour change techniques in smoking cessation interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bartlett Yvonne K. , Sheeran Paschal , Hawley Mark S. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that are associated with greater effectiveness in smoking cessation interventions for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were searched from the earliest date available to December 2012. Data were extracted and weighted average effect sizes calculated; BCTs used were coded according to an existing smoking cessation‐specific BCT taxonomy.ResultsSeventeen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified that involved a total sample of 7446 people with COPD. The sample‐weighted mean quit rate for all RCTs was 13.19%, and the overall sample‐weighted effect size was d+ = 0.33. Thirty‐seven BCTs were each used in at least three interventions. Four techniques were associated with significantly larger effect sizes: Facilitate action planning/develop treatment plan, Prompt self‐recording, Advise on methods of weight control, and Advise on/facilitate use of social support. Three new COPD‐specific BCTs were identified, and Linking COPD and smoking was found to result in significantly larger effect sizes.ConclusionsSmoking cessation interventions aimed at people with COPD appear to benefit from using techniques focussed on forming detailed plans and self‐monitoring. Additional RCTs that use standardized reporting of intervention components and BCTs would be valuable to corroborate findings from the present meta‐analysis.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is responsible for considerable health and economic burden worldwide, and smoking cessation (SC) is the only known treatment that can slow the decline in lung function experienced. Previous reviews of smoking cessation interventions for this population have established that a combination of pharmacological support and behavioural counselling is most effective. While pharmacological support has been detailed, and effectiveness ranked, the content of behavioural counselling varies between interventions, and it is not clear what the most effective components are.

What does this study add?

Detailed description of ‘behavioural counselling’ component of SC interventions for people with COPD.

Meta‐analysis to identify effective behaviour change techniques tailored for this population.

Discussion of these findings in the context of designing tailored SC interventions.
Connexin pathology in chronic multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kleopa Kleopas A. , Sargiannidou Irene , Markoullis Kyriaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) glia are extensively coupled through gap junctions (GJ) formed by a highly cell‐specific set of connexins. Recently characterized inherited human disorders and respective animal models highlight the crucial role of glial GJ in CNS myelination and homeostasis. These emerging roles of connexins have generated interest into their possible involvement in common acquired demyelinating disorders, especially multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of post‐mortem brain samples from MS patients, including morphological, biochemical, and gene expression studies, showed significant alteration in glial connexins not only in lesions, but also extending into the normal appearing white matter (NAWM). Compared with non‐MS cases, the oligodendrocyte connexins, Cx32 and Cx47, were reduced in and around chronic MS lesions, whereas Cx43, the major astrocytic partner in oligodendrocyte–astrocyte (O/A) GJ, was increased, reflecting astrogliosis. Furthermore, in the NAWM, Cx32 GJ were significantly reduced along myelinated fibers, whereas Cx47 showed increased expression mainly in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). However, OPC showed only limited connectivity to astrocytes. These alterations were replicated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, with persistent loss of Cx47 and Cx32 GJ even away from lesions. Additionally, Cx43 was severely reduced in acute EAE with disruption of O/A GJ, followed by increased Cx43 expression at chronic stages of astrogliosis, but without complete re‐establishment of GJ to oligodendrocytes. Thus, loss of oligodendrocyte GJ in myelinated fibers, and disrupted O/A GJ connectivity in MS lesions and in NAWM in the setting of persistent inflammation and astrogliosis emerge as important aspects of MS pathology, and might have implications for disease progression.
Impact of next generation sequencing on diagnostics in a genetic skin disease clinic
Authors: Takeichi Takuya , Nanda Arti , Liu Lu , Salam Amr , Campbell Patrick , Fong Kenneth , Akiyama Masashi , Ozoemena Linda , Stone Kristina L. , Al‐Ajmi Hejab , Simpson Michael A. , McGrath John A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIndividuals with inherited skin diseases often pose one of the most difficult diagnostic challenges in dermatology. The hunt for the underlying molecular pathology may involve candidate gene screening or linkage analysis, which is usually determined by the initial history, the physical findings and laboratory tests. Recent technical advances in DNA sequencing, however, are shifting the diagnostic paradigm. Notably, next‐generation sequencing allows a more comprehensive approach to diagnosing inherited diseases, with potential savings of both time and money. In the setting of a paediatric dermatology genetics clinic in Kuwait, we therefore performed whole‐exome sequencing on seven individuals without a priori detailed knowledge of the patients’ disorders: from these sequencing data, we diagnosed X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (two cases), acrodermatitis enteropathica, recessive erythropoietic protoporphyria (two siblings) and localized recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (two siblings). All these groups of disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, but the sequencing data proved inherently useful in improving patient care and avoiding unnecessary investigations. Our observations highlight the value of whole‐exome sequencing, in combination with robust bioinformatics analysis, in determining the precise molecular pathology and clinical diagnosis in patients with genetic skin disorders, notably at an early stage in the clinical evaluation of these often complex disorders and thereby support a new paradigm for future diagnostics.
Efficacy of oregonin investigated by non‐invasive evaluation in a B16 mouse melanoma model
Authors: Lee Onseok , Kim Jaeyoung , Choi Young Wook , Lee Minwon , Park Gyuman , Oh Chilhwan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOregonin has been reported to act as a mediator of antibiosis, a liver‐protective agent, an antioxidant, an anti‐inflammatory agent, and to prevent cancer outbreaks. B16 melanoma cells were separated with trypsin‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, resuspended in 50 μl of phosphate‐buffered saline and transplanted into the backs of 6‐ to 8‐week‐old male Balb/c nude mice through subcutaneous injection. Treatment doses of oregonin were administered three times weekly, for 30 days from the 11th day after transplantation of the melanoma cells, in each group. The study consisted of a control group, a dacarbazine group, an oregonin group and a dacarbazine + oregonin group. Measurements were taken before treatment and on the 5th, 7th, 10th and 15th days after treatment for each group. Based on survival rates after transplantation, the control group showed less than 50% survival after 20 days, while the treatment groups showed at least 50% survival up to the 41st day.
Structure of human Sp140 PHD finger: an atypical fold interacting with Pin1
Authors: Zucchelli Chiara , Tamburri Simone , Quilici Giacomo , Palagano Eleonora , Berardi Andrea , Saare Mario , Peterson Pärt , Bachi Angela , Musco Giovanna 
Published: October 2013

Sp140 is a nuclear leukocyte‐specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The presence of several chromatin related modules such as plant homeodomain (PHD), bromodomain and SAND domain suggests a role in chromatin‐mediated regulation of gene expression; however, its real function is still elusive. Herein we present the solution structure of Sp140‐PHD finger and investigate its role as epigenetic reader in vitro. Sp140‐PHD presents an atypical PHD finger fold which does not bind to histone H3 tails but is recognized by peptidylprolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 specifically binds to a phosphopeptide corresponding to the L3 loop of Sp140‐PHD and catalyzes cis–trans isomerization of a pThr‐Pro bond. Moreover co‐immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate FLAG‐Sp140 interaction with endogenous Pin1 in vivo. Overall these data include Sp140 in the list of the increasing number of Pin1 binders and expand the regulatory potential of PHD fingers as versatile structural platforms for diversified interactions.
Chilling outweighs photoperiod in preventing precocious spring development
Authors: Laube Julia , Sparks Tim H. , Estrella Nicole , Höfler Josef , Ankerst Donna P. , Menzel Annette 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt is well known that increased spring temperatures cause earlier onset dates of leaf unfolding and flowering. However, a temperature increase in winter may be associated with delayed development when species' chilling requirements are not fulfilled. Furthermore, photosensitivity is supposed to interfere with temperature triggers. To date, neither the relative importance nor possible interactions of these three factors have been elucidated. In this study, we present a multispecies climate chamber experiment to test the effects of chilling and photoperiod on the spring phenology of 36 woody species. Several hypotheses regarding their variation with species traits (successional strategy, floristic status, climate of their native range) were tested. Long photoperiods advanced budburst for one‐third of the studied species, but magnitudes of these effects were generally minor. In contrast to prior hypotheses, photosensitive responses were not restricted to climax or oceanic species. Increased chilling length advanced budburst for almost all species; its effect greatly exceeding that of photoperiod. Moreover, we suggest that photosensitivity and chilling effects have to be rigorously disentangled, as the response to photoperiod was restricted to individuals that had not been fully chilled. The results indicate that temperature requirements and successional strategy are linked, with climax species having higher chilling and forcing requirements than pioneer species. Temperature requirements of invasive species closely matched those of native species, suggesting that high phenological concordance is a prerequisite for successful establishment. Lack of chilling not only led to a considerable delay in budburst but also caused substantial changes in the chronological order of species' budburst. The results reveal that increased winter temperatures might impact forest ecosystems more than formerly assumed. Species with lower chilling requirements, such as pioneer or invasive species, might profit from warming winters, if late spring frost events would in parallel occur earlier.
Projecting the impacts of climate change on skipjack tuna abundance and spatial distribution
Authors: Dueri Sibylle , Bopp Laurent , Maury Olivier 
Published: October 2013

AbstractClimate‐induced changes in the physical, chemical, and biological environment are expected to increasingly stress marine ecosystems, with important consequences for fisheries exploitation. Here, we use the APECOSM‐E numerical model (Apex Predator ECOSystem Model ‐ Estimation) to evaluate the future impacts of climate change on the physiology, spatial distribution, and abundance of skipjack tuna, the worldwide most fished species of tropical tuna. The main novelties of our approach lie in the mechanistic link between environmental factors, metabolic rates, and behavioral responses and in the fully three dimensional representation of habitat and population abundance. Physical and biogeochemical fields used to force the model are provided by the last generation of the IPSL‐CM5 Earth System Model run from 1990 to 2100 under a ‘business‐as‐usual’ scenario (RCP8.5). Our simulations show significant changes in the spatial distribution of skipjack tuna suitable habitat, as well as in their population abundance. The model projects deterioration of skipjack habitat in most tropical waters and an improvement of habitat at higher latitudes. The primary driver of habitat changes is ocean warming, followed by food density changes. Our projections show an increase of global skipjack biomass between 2010 and 2050 followed by a marked decrease between 2050 and 2095. Spawning rates are consistent with population trends, showing that spawning depends primarily on the adult biomass. On the other hand, growth rates display very smooth temporal changes, suggesting that the ability of skipjack to keep high metabolic rates in the changing environment is generally effective. Uncertainties related to our model spatial resolution, to the lack or simplification of key processes and to the climate forcings are discussed.
Analysis of stable states in global savannas: is the CART pulling the horse?
Authors: Hanan Niall P. , Tredennick Andrew T. , Prihodko Lara , Bucini Gabriela , Dohn Justin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMultiple stable states, bifurcations and thresholds are fashionable concepts in the ecological literature, a recognition that complex ecosystems may at times exhibit the interesting dynamic behaviours predicted by relatively simple biomathematical models. Recently, several papers in Global Ecology and Biogeography, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Science and elsewhere have attempted to quantify the prevalence of alternate stable states in the savannas of Africa, Australia and South America, and the tundra–taiga–grassland transitions of the circum‐boreal region using satellite‐derived woody canopy cover. While we agree with the logic that basins of attraction can be inferred from the relative frequencies of ecosystem states observed in space and time, we caution that the statistical methodologies underlying the satellite product used in these studies may confound our ability to infer the presence of multiple stable states. We demonstrate this point using a uniformly distributed ‘pseudo‐tree cover’ database for Africa that we use to retrace the steps involved in creation of the satellite tree‐cover product and subsequent analysis. We show how classification and regression tree (CART)‐based products may impose discontinuities in satellite tree‐cover estimates even when such discontinuities are not present in reality. As regional and global remote sensing and geospatial data become more easily accessible for ecological studies, we recommend careful consideration of how error distributions in remote sensing products may interact with the data needs and theoretical expectations of the ecological process under study.
Isoprenoid emission in hygrophyte and xerophyte European woody flora: ecological and evolutionary implications
Authors: Loreto Francesco , Bagnoli Francesca , Calfapietra Carlo , Cafasso Donata , De Lillis Manuela , Filibeck Goffredo , Fineschi Silvia , Guidolotti Gabriele , Sramkó Gábor , Tökölyi Jácint , Ricotta Carlo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe relationship between isoprenoid emission and hygrophily was investigated in woody plants of the Italian flora, which is representative of European diversity.MethodsVolatile isoprenoids (isoprene and monoterpenes) were measured, or data collected from the literature, for 154 species native or endemic to the Mediterranean. The Ellenberg indicator value for moisture (EIVM) was used to describe plant hygrophily. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out at a broader taxonomic scale on 128 species, and then refined on strong isoprene emitters (Salix and Populus species) based on isoprene synthase gene sequences (IspS).ResultsIsoprene emitters were significantly more common and isoprene emission was higher in hygrophilous EIVM classes, whereas monoterpene emitters were more widespread and monoterpene emission was higher in xeric classes. However, when controlling for phylogeny, isoprene emission was not associated with EIVM, possibly due to the large presence of Salicaceae among hygrophilous isoprene emitters. Moreover, the distribution of isoprene emitters among EIVM classes was not related to IspS‐based phylogenesis in Populus and Salix, suggesting that the gene has not undergone evolution linked to ecological pressure. In contrast, the monoterpene emission pattern is independent of phylogeny, suggesting that the evolution of monoterpenes is associated with transitions to more xeric habitats.Main conclusionsOur results reveal an interesting ecological pattern linking isoprenoids and water availability. We suggest that isoprene is a trait that: (1) evolved in plants adapted to high water availability; (2) is replaced by more effective protection mechanisms, e.g. more stable isoprenoids, in plants adapting to more xeric environments; and (3) being strongly constrained by phylogeny, persists in Salicaceae adapted to more xeric environments.
Carbon stock and density of northern boreal and temperate forests
Authors: Thurner Martin , Beer Christian , Santoro Maurizio , Carvalhais Nuno , Wutzler Thomas , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Shvidenko Anatoly , Kompter Elisabeth , Ahrens Bernhard , Levick Shaun R. , Schmullius Christiane 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo infer a forest carbon density map at 0.01° resolution from a radar remote sensing product for the estimation of carbon stocks in Northern Hemisphere boreal and temperate forests.LocationThe study area extends from 30° N to 80° N, covering three forest biomes – temperate broadleaf and mixed forests (TBMF), temperate conifer forests (TCF) and boreal forests (BFT) – over three continents (North America, Europe and Asia).MethodsThis study is based on a recently available growing stock volume (GSV) product retrieved from synthetic aperture radar data. Forest biomass and spatially explicit uncertainty estimates were derived from the GSV using existing databases of wood density and allometric relationships between biomass compartments (stem, branches, roots, foliage). We tested the resultant map against inventory‐based biomass data from Russia, Europe and the USA prior to making intercontinent and interbiome carbon stock comparisons.ResultsOur derived carbon density map agrees well with inventory data at regional scales (r2 = 0.70–0.90). While 40.7 ± 15.7 petagram of carbon (Pg C) are stored in BFT, TBMF and TCF contain 24.5 ± 9.4 Pg C and 14.5 ± 4.8 Pg C, respectively. In terms of carbon density, we found 6.21 ± 2.07 kg C m−2 retained in TCF and 5.80 ± 2.21 kg C m−2 in TBMF, whereas BFT have a mean carbon density of 4.00 ± 1.54 kg C m−2. Indications of a higher carbon density in Europe compared with the other continents across each of the three biomes could not be proved to be significant.Main conclusionsThe presented carbon density and corresponding uncertainty map give an insight into the spatial patterns of biomass and stand as a new benchmark to improve carbon cycle models and carbon monitoring systems. In total, we found 79.8 ± 29.9 Pg C stored in northern boreal and temperate forests, with Asian BFT accounting for 22.1 ± 8.3 Pg C.
One‐Day Behavioral Intervention in Depressed Migraine Patients: Effects on Headache
Authors: Dindo Lilian , Recober Ana , Marchman James , O' Hara Michael W. , Turvey Carolyn 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether a 1‐day behavioral intervention, aimed at enhancing psychological flexibility, improves headache outcomes of migraine patients with comorbid depression.BackgroundMigraine is often comorbid with depression, with each disorder increasing the risk for onset and exacerbation of the other. Managing psychological triggers, such as stress and depression, may result in greater success of headache management.MethodSixty patients with comorbid migraine and depression were assigned to a 1‐day Acceptance and Commitment Training plus Migraine Education workshop (ACT‐ED; N = 38) or to treatment as usual (TAU; N = 22). Patients completed a daily headache diary prior to, and for 3 months following, the intervention. Clinical variables examined included headache frequency/severity, medication use, disability, and visit to a health care professional. Comparisons were made between baseline findings and findings at the 3‐month follow up.ResultsParticipants assigned to the ACT‐ED condition exhibited significant improvements in headache frequency, headache severity, medication use, and headache‐related disability. In contrast, the TAU group did not exhibit improvements. The difference in headache outcomes between ACT‐ED and TAU was not statistically significant over time (ie, the treatment by time interaction was nonsignificant). These results complement those of a previous report showing effects of ACT‐ED vs TAU on depression and disability.ConclusionA 1‐day ACT‐ED workshop targeting psychological flexibility may convey benefit for patients with comorbid migraine and depression. These pilot study findings merit further investigation using a more rigorously designed large‐scale trial.
A Preliminary Investigation of the ISG Glass Vapor Hydration
Authors: Abdelouas Abdesselam , El Mendili Yassine , Aït Chaou Abdelouahed , Karakurt Gokhan , Hartnack Christoph , Bardeau Jean‐François , Saito Takumi , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2013

During the geological disposal of high‐level waste, the nuclear glass is expected to be first hydrated in water vapor prior to liquid alteration. In the present work, we investigated the vapor hydration of the International simple glass (ISG) at 175°C and different relative humidities (60%, 80% and 98%). The glass hydration was investigated by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the alteration products were studied using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and μ‐Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The NRA results gave water diffusion coefficients of 2.31–7.34 × 10−21 m2/s, in good agreement with the literature data on borosilicate glasses altered in aqueous media. The glass hydration increased with relative humidity percentage and the SEM‐EDS analysis showed a slight enrichment in Si and loss of Na in the hydrated glass layer compared with the pristine glass. The hydration rate of the ISG glass was little higher than that of the French SON68 glass hydrated using water vapor. The corrosion products were analcime, tobermorite, and calcite, which were typical of the SON68 glass hydrated in similar conditions.