bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Type and Rooting Depth Affect Hybrid Bermudagrass Injury with Preemergence Herbicides
Authors: Jones P. A. , Brosnan J. T. , Kopsell D. A. , Breeden G. K. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTApplications of preemergence (PRE) herbicides can injure hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy]. Research was conducted to determine the effects of soil texture and rooting depth on hybrid bermudagrass injury with two PRE herbicides. Washed ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass sod was established in mini‐rhizotrons. Treatments included the factorial combination of two soils (sand, silt loam), four herbicides (indaziflam at 35, 52.5, and 70 g ha−1 and prodiamine at 840 g ha−1), and three rooting depths (5, 10, and 15 cm). Averaged across both soils, foliar injury and reductions in root‐length density were greatest at rooting depths ≤15 cm. In a sand rootzone with no organic matter, significant foliar injury (23 to 48%) was observed with indaziflam; however, foliar injury with prodiamine measured ≤7%. In the silt loam rootzone, injury measured 0 to 17% with all herbicides. Data indicate that soil type and rooting depth affect hybrid bermudagrass injury with indaziflam; however, additional research is needed to determine if these glasshouse responses will be similar under field conditions. Differential effects on root function, as well as soil biological, chemical, and physical properties may also affect injury potential with indaziflam and prodiamine applications in sand rootzones. Additional research is needed to explore the effects of indaziflam and prodiamine on hybrid bermudagrass root physiological function in further detail.
TITANIUM ELASTIC NAIL - COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAEDIATRIC DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURE OF FEMUR§
Authors: Sarkar Saikat , Bandyopadhyay Ranadeb , Mukherjee Arindam 
Published: January 2013

Background:
Femoral shaft fracture is the most common major paediatric orthopaedic. For generations traction and casting was the standard treatment for all femoral shaft fractures in children. Over the past two decades the advantages of fixation and rapid mobilisation have been increasingly recognised.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted in five private hospitals in the district of Bankura, West Bengal over a period of two years (April 2010 to March 2012) on 70 patients with closed shaft femur fractures between 6- 14 years age of either sex. The aim was to find out the short term complications of titanium elastic nailing in diaphyseal fracture of femur in children and compare the findings of this study with pre- existing studies in this field.

Results:
In our study the most common complication was pain at nail entry site (60%). 5.71% had local inflammatory reaction due to nails. Superficial infection occurred in 2.85%. At the end of 1 year, 2.85% had limb length discripancies. Proximal migration occurred in 2.85%. 2.85% encountered acute reactive synovitis, 5.71% developed angulation of fracture site and 2.85% developed per operative breakage of nail.

Conclusion:
The treatment of paediatric shaft femur fracture has been drastically changed over the last two decades to internal fixation by elastically stable intra- medullary nail (ESIN). In our study, we encountered only a few complications most of them being minor. Most of the complications were surgical technique related and were seen at the initial phase of the learning curve.
Ethanol Withdrawal-Associated Drinking and Drinking in the Dark: Common and Discrete Genetic Contributions
Authors: Crabbe John C. , Metten Pamela , Huang Lawrence C. , Schlumbohm Jason P. , Spence Stephanie E. , Barkley-Levenson Amanda M. , Finn Deborah A. , Rhodes Justin S. , Cameron Andy J. 
Published: January 2013

Ethanol Withdrawal-Associated Drinking and Drinking in the Dark: Common and Discrete Genetic Contributions
Individual mice differ in the dose of ethanol they will ingest voluntarily when it is offered during limited access periods in the circadian dark, a phenotype called drinking in the dark (DID). Substantial genetic variation in DID has been reported across a few standard inbred mouse strains, and a line of High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) mice has been established through selective breeding on the blood ethanol concentration (BEC) they attain at the end of a drinking session. Here, we report ethanol DID data for 23 inbred mouse strains, including 11 not previously reported, corroborating the genetic contributions to this trait. We also report data on a different ethanol drinking trait, the increased intake seen after multiple cycles of chronic intermittent exposure to ethanol vapor (CIE). Drinking escalated significantly during ethanol withdrawal. However, HDID mice and their HS controls showed equivalent escalation during withdrawal, demonstrating that withdrawal-associated drinking escalation is not a clear genetic correlate of selection on DID. Across inbred strains, DID is substantially genetically correlated with previously-published twobottle ethanol preference drinking data assessed under conditions of continuous ethanol access. Although inbred strain data for withdrawalassociated drinking are not available, the current pattern of results suggests that withdrawal-associated drinking is genetically distinct from DID, while genetic contributions to DID and two-bottle preference drinking are substantially similar.
Compactness of Special Functions of Bounded Higher
Variation
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Ghiraldin Francesco 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Given an open set Ω ⊂ Rm and n > 1, we introduce the new spaces GBnV(Ω) of Generalized functions of bounded higher variation and GSBnV(Ω) of Generalized special functions of bounded higher variation that generalize, respectively, the space BnV introduced by Jerrard and Soner in [43] and the corresponding SBnV space studied by De Lellis in [24]. In this class of spaces, which allow as in [43] the description of singularities of codimension n, the distributional jacobian Ju need not have ﬁnite mass: roughly speaking, ﬁniteness of mass is not required for the (m−n)-dimensional part of Ju, but only ﬁniteness of size. In the space GSBnV we are able to provide compactness of sublevel sets and lower semicontinuity of Mumford-Shah type functionals, in the same spirit of the codimension 1 theory [5,6].
Conformal Geometry and the Composite Membrane
Problem
Authors: Chanillo Sagun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We show that a certain eigenvalue minimization problem in
two dimensions for the Laplace operator in conformal classes
is equivalent to the composite membrane problem. We again
establish such a link in higher dimensions for eigenvalue problems
stemming from the critical GJMS operators. New free
boundary problems of unstable type arise in higher dimensions
linked to the critical GJMS operator. In dimension four,
the critical GJMS operator is exactly the Paneitz operator.
A Non-Probabilistic Proof of the Assouad Embedding
Theorem with Bounds on the Dimension
Authors: David Guy , Snipes Marie 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
We give a non-probabilistic proof of a theorem of Naor
and Neiman that asserts that if (E, d) is a doubling metric
space, there is an integer N > 0, depending only on
the metric doubling constant, such that for each exponent
α ∈ (1/2; 1), one can find a bilipschitz mapping
F = (E; dα ) ⃗ ℝ RN.
Study of EGNOS safety of life service during the period of solar maximum activity
Authors: Grzegorzewski Marek , Swiatek Anna , Oszczak Stanislaw , Ciecko Adam , Cwiklak Janusz 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
The Satellite Base Augmentation System (SBAS) - EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) has been certified for Safety of Life (SoL) service for aircraft navigation since 2nd of March 2011. Unfortunately for the territory of Poland, located at the edge of EGNOS service area, the quality of the service corrections are still not sufficient for aircraft navigation requirements. Years 2012 and 2013 are forecasted as a maximum of solar activity in a 11-year solar cycle. This time period will be the chance to perform the first tests for the EGNOS Safety of Life service quality in disturbed ionospheric conditions. During the previous maximum of solar activity, the storm on 30 October 2003 resulted in the inability to use WAAS corrections for more than 12 hours. This was caused by a very large gradient of disturbances and its’ very sharp boundaries - vertical TEC (VTEC) varied from ~ 40 to ~ 120 TECU (TEC units) within an hour (over ~ 150 km distance). These circumstances gave the opportunity to carry out the test flights to examine the navigation parameters obtained for EGNOS SoL service in disturbed ionospheric conditions. The paper presents project proposal of study and analyses of such fundamental navigation parameters as: accuracy of determined position, availability, continuity and integrity, determined for selected disturbances in relation to quiet conditions. It can give a possibility to estimate of the quality of EGNOS SoL service in Polish airspace during the different phases of flight and its resistance to critical ionospheric conditions.
Antenna calibration models in height determinations in ASG-EUPOS’ POZGEO-D service – a case study
Authors: Dawidowicz Karol 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
GNSS observations in a network of permanent stations are a complex systems which offer both post-processing and corrections sent in real-time. In Poland such a system, known as the Polish Active Geodetic Network (ASG-EUPOS), has been in operation since June 2008. The GNSS development forces also continuous modernization of ASG-EUPOS (e.g.: GPS/GLONASS receivers mounting, ASG+ project) which aims to improve the accuracy of position determination. One of the factors limiting the accuracy (especially the vertical component) is antenna phase center variations (PCV) problem.
PCV problem is resolved using the antenna calibration process. As a result, antenna phase center corrections models (PCC) are created. So far three methods have been developed to determine GNSS antenna PCV. For this reason and because of some problems in introducing of absolute models at present we can speak of three models of receiver antennas PCV (so called: relative, absolute converted and absolute).
The aim of this paper was to study the height differences caused by using different calibration models in GNSS observation processing done in the ASG-EUPOS POZGEO-D service. The analysis was done using 3 days of GNSS data, collected with four different receivers and antennas, divided by one hour observation sessions. The results of the calculations show that switching between PCV models may have a visible effect on height determination, particularly in high accuracy applications.
In vitro antifungal activity of three Saudi plant extracts against some Phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Al-Askar Abdul Aziz A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The antifungal activities of ethanolic extracts of three Saudi plants; camel thorn (Alhagi maurorum Medic.), caper (Capparisspinosa L.), and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) were investigated in vitro against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomadestructiva, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii at concentrations of 0, 3, 6, and 9% (v/v). All tested plant extracts; seeds, roots, and rinds had different degrees of antifungal activity against the tested fungi. When compared with the control, the highest antifungal activity was recorded for camel thorn seeds extract at a concentration of 9%, while, pomegranate rinds extract at 9% came in second. Camel thorn rinds extract came in last even when used at a high concentration. The ethanolic extract of camel thorn seeds may be recommended as a potent bio-fungicide. Extensive studies should be undertaken for the ethanolic extract of camel thorn seeds as a strong antifungal agent against fungal plant diseases.
Monitoring methods and prognosis of Opomyza Florum Fabr. (Diptera: Opomyzidae) – a pest of wheat in Bulgaria
Authors: Krusteva Hristina , Karadjova Olia , Ventsislavov Ventsislav 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The effect of sowing dates on the abundance of Opomyza florum, and the effect of sowing dates on the degree of larvae damage on winter wheat during the 2003-2008 time period was evaluated. The population density of O. florum adults and the damage larvae caused, were higher in the wheat fields sown in the last decade of September and the first half of October. Fields sown during the first decade of November were not infested by O. florum. A significant correlation between the mean temperature during the flight period and the maximum density of O. florum flies within each sowing (r = 0.94; p = 0.016) was established. The percentage of damaged shoots strongly corresponded to the maximum abundance of flies (r = 0.96; p = 0.01). The corresponding figures can be used for prognostic purposes. An adult observation accuracy below 25% was achieved by the sweep net method using 10 samples of 30 sweeps in the beginning of migration and 10 samples of 20 sweeps during the period of the O. florum mass flight. No marginal effect of adults was observed.
Comparative study of flow condensation in conventional and small diameter tubes
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Andrzejczyk Rafał 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Flow boiling and flow condensation are often regarded as two opposite or symmetrical phenomena. Their description however with a single correlation has yet to be suggested. In the case of flow boiling in minichannels there is mostly encountered the annular flow structure, where the bubble generation is not present. Similar picture holds for the case of inside tube condensation, where annular flow structure predominates. In such case the heat transfer coefficient is primarily dependent on the convective mechanism. In the paper a method developed earlier by the first author is applied to calculations of heat transfer coefficient for inside tube condensation. The method has been verified using experimental data from literature on several fluids in different microchannels and compared to three well established correlations for calculations of heat transfer coefficient in flow condensation. It clearly stems from the results presented here that the flow condensation can be modeled in terms of appropriately devised pressure drop.
Evaluation of dynamic microscopic advanced angle for droplet on flat surface
Authors: Zapałowicz Zbigniew 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The paper presents a short description of the model of the phenomenon of droplet spreading in presence of a liquid film, as well as the experimental facility, calculations methodology and results of experimental research concerning determination of the boundary angle at which droplet begins to slide on the horizontal or inclined surface of the plate. Values of boundary angle have been applied to estimate the microscopic dynamic advanced angle of the droplet on the flat surface in presence of a liquid film.
Experimental determination of correlations for mean heat transfer coefficients in plate fin and tube heat exchangers
Authors: Taler Dawid 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical method for determining heat transfer coefficients in cross-flow heat exchangers with extended heat exchange surfaces. Coefficients in the correlations defining heat transfer on the liquid- and air-side were determined using a nonlinear regression method. Correlation coefficients were determined from the condition that the sum of squared liquid and air temperature differences at the heat exchanger outlet, obtained by measurements and those calculated, achieved minimum. Minimum of the sum of the squares was found using the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The uncertainty in estimated parameters was determined using the error propagation rule by Gauss. The outlet temperature of the liquid and air leaving the heat exchanger was calculated using the analytical model of the heat exchanger.
Optimal boiling temperature for ORC installation
Authors: Mikielewicz Jarosław , Mikielewicz Dariusz 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the paper a research on cost-effective optimum design boiling temperature for Organic Rankine Cycle utilizing low-temperature heat sources is presented. The ratio of the heat exchanger area of the boiler to the power output is used as the objective function. Analytical relations for heat transfer area as well power of the cycle are formulated. Evaporation temperature and inlet temperature of the heat source medium as well its mass flow rate are varied in the optimization method. The optimization is carried out for three working fluids, i.e. R 134a, water and ethanol. The objective function (economics profitability, thermodynamic efficiency) leads to different optimal working conditions in terms of evaporating temperature. Maximum power generation in the near-critical conditions of subcritical ORC is the highest. The choice of the working fluid can greatly affect the objective function which is a measure of power plant cost. Ethanol exhibits a minimum objective function but not necessarily the maximum cycle efficiency.
Technology of oxygen production in the membranecryogenic air separation system for a 600 MW oxy-type pulverized bed boiler
Authors: Berdowska Sylwia , Skorek-Osikowska Anna 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper the results of the thermodynamic analysis of the oxy-combustion type pulverized bed boiler integrated with a hybrid, membrane- cryogenic oxygen separation installation are presented. For the calculations a 600 MW boiler with live steam parameters at 31.1 MPa /654.9 oC and reheated steam at 6.15 MPa/672.4 oC was chosen. In this paper the hybrid membrane-cryogenic technology as oxygen production unit for pulverized bed boiler was proposed. Such an installation consists of a membrane module and two cryogenic distillation columns. Models of these installations were built in the Aspen software. The energy intensity of the oxygen production process in the hybrid system was compared with the cryogenic technology. The analysis of the influence of membrane surface area on the energy intensity of the process of air separation as well as the influence of oxygen concentration at the inlet to the cryogenic installation on the energy intensity of a hybrid unit was performed.
Influence of working fluid evaporation temperature in the near-critical point region on the effectiveness of ORC power plant operation
Authors: Nowak Władysław , Borsukiewicz-Gozdur Aleksandra , Wiśniewski Sławomir 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In the paper presented are definitions of specific indicators of power which characterize the operation of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plant. These quantities have been presented as function of evaporation temperature for selected working fluids of ORC installation. In the paper presented also is the procedure for selection of working fluid with the view of obtaining maximum power. In the procedure of selection of working fluid the mentioned above indicators are of primary importance. In order to obtain maximum power there ought to be selected such working fluids which evaporate close to critical conditions. The value of this indicator increases when evaporation enthalpy decreases and it is known that the latent heat of evaporation decreases with temperature and reaches a value of zero at the critical point.
Optimum heating of cylindrical pressure components weakened by holes
Authors: Dzierwa Piotr , Taler Jan 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A method for determining time-optimum medium temperature changes is presented. The heating of the pressure elements will be conducted so that the circumferential stress caused by pressure and fluid temperature variations at the edge of the opening at the point of stress concentration, do not exceed the allowable value. In contrast to present standards, two points at the edge of the opening are taken into consideration. The first point, P1, is located at the cross section and the second, P2, at the longitudinal section of the vessel. It will be shown that the optimum temperature courses should be determined with respect to the total circumferential stress at the point P2, and not, as in the existing standards due to the stress at the point P1. Optimum fluid temperature changes are assumed in the form of simple time functions. For practical reasons the optimum temperature in the ramp form is preferred. It is possible to increase the fluid temperature stepwise at the beginning of the heating process and then increase the fluid temperature with the constant rate. Allowing stepwise fluid temperature increase at the beginning of heating ensures that the heating time of a thick-walled component is shorter than heating time resulting from the calculations according to EN 12952-3 European Standard.
Heat transfer through the regular polyhedrons with asymmetric boundary conditions
Authors: Pelińska-Olko Ewa 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
During heat transport through the walls of a hollow sphere, the heat stream can achieve extreme values. The same processes occur in regular polyhedrons. We can calculate the maximum heat transfer rate, the so-called critical heat transfer rate. We must assume here identical conditions of heat exchange on all internal and external walls of a regular polyhedron. The transfer rate of heat penetrating through the regular polyhedron with different heat transfer coefficients on the walls is called the heat transfer rate with asymmetric boundary conditions. We show that the heat transfer rate in this case will grow up if we replace those coefficients with their average values.
A new method for optimum heating of pressure components in supercritical steam power blocks
Authors: Rząsa Dariusz , Duda Piotr 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
One of the major concerns of the power energy industries is a proper operation of steam power blocks. Pressurized working medium and high temperature cause very high stresses in the construction elements such as collectors, separators or steam valves. They are exposed to sudden temperature and pressure changes that cause high stresses at certain points. Additionally, the cyclic character of loading causes material fatigue, known as low-cyclic fatigue, which may lead to the formation of fracture. Thus, methodologies offered by many companies should ensure reliable and safe operation of steam power blocks. The advanced numerical solutions for determining time-optimum medium temperature changes are presented. They are based on Levenberg-Marquardt and nonlinear programming by quadratic Lagrangian methods. The methods allow us to find parameters for start-up and shut-down operation that can reduce total stresses to limits governed by European regulations. Furthermore, the heating and cooling operations are conducted in a shortest time possible.
Eight species that rule today’s European Arctic fjord benthos
Authors: Węsławski Jan Marcin , Włodarska−Kowalczuk Maria , Kędra Monika , Legeżyńska Joanna , Kotwicki Lech 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
: The eight most abundant species (mean density >20 ind. m−2), which occurred at high frequencies (mean >30%) were selected from grab samples in the three Svalbard fjords: Hornsund, van Mijenfjord, and Kongsfjord, in the summer seasons between 1997 and 2007. Six polychaete and two bivalve species comprised more than 47% of the individ− uals and the biomass in all the samples examined. Four species are cosmopolitan, while the others are widely distributed Arctic−boreal species, and none has Arctic origin. Their den− sity, frequency of occurrence, and biology are very similar across the wide geographical range from boreal to Arctic conditions. As the diversity of benthic fauna in the fjords stud− ied increases (from 172 to 238 species), the dominance of the eight species in the soft bot− tom community diminishes from 76% to 47%. In times of hydrological regime shift, i.e., the warming of the European Arctic, it is unlikely that the abundancy of these species in the soft bottom fjordic ecosystems will change. The most common soft bottom species are not good indicators of environmental change in the Arctic, and rare, specialized species are better op− tion for indicative purposes.