bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of Her2/neu scoring in gastric cancer and assessment of the 10% cut‐off rule
Authors: Behrens Hans‐Michael , Warneke Viktoria S. , Böger Christine , Garbrecht Nele , Jüttner Eva , Klapper Wolfram , Mathiak Micaela , Oschlies Ilske , Rudolph Ursula , Stuhlmann‐Laeisz Christiane , Trick David , Röcken Christoph , Hufnagl Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe application of Trastuzumab on gastric cancer patients is based on Her2/neu immunostaining. The testing method relies on visual estimation of both membranous staining intensity, and positive tumor ratio with respect to a 10% cutoff. We evaluated the effect of inter‐ and intraobserver variations of both factors on therapeutic decision, especially if the positive tumor ratio hovers around the 10% cutoff. Ten pathologists scored 12 Her2/neu immunohistologically stained whole sections of gastric cancer. Applying the common rules for Her2/neu testing for gastric cancer, they separately noted the strongest identifiable staining intensity and the corresponding positive tumor ratio. Scoring was done repeatedly using the microscope, plain virtual microscopy, and virtual microscopy with a manual outline drawing function. Agreements on the strongest identified staining intensities were moderate. Overall concordance correlation coefficients of positive tumor ratios ranged from 0.55 to 0.81. Reproducibility was not improved by virtual microscopy. Pathologists have a good ability to estimate ratios of clearly demarcated areas, but gradients in staining intensities hinder reproducible visual demarcation of positive tumor areas. When hovering around the 10% positive tumor ratio cutoff there is a risk of misinterpretation of the staining results. This could lead to a denial of Trastuzumab therapy. Assessment of Her2/neu expression should be carried out by experienced pathologists because they can more reproducibly rate membranous staining intensities. The low reproducibility of positive tumor ratio is inherent in the testing method and cannot be improved by virtual microscopy. Therefore, we propose to reconsider the 10% cut‐off limit.
A Brief Discussion About Measuring Child Molester Cognition With the Sex With Children Scale
Authors: Walton Jamie , Duff Simon , Chou Shihning 
Published: December 2014

This article reviews the Sex with Children (SWCH) scale and compares its psychometric properties to alternative measures in the field. Examination of the scale indicates that it is one of several instruments which do not proportionally tap into all implicit theory schemas that have been proposed in the literature. This does not help clinicians who aim to target pro‐offending schema since the scale appears to neglect certain types of beliefs that are considered to be important in the investigation of child molester cognition. Similar to many other instruments in the field, the SWCH scale is unlikely to identify offenders who outwardly endorse child abuse items, and its discriminant validity may be better viewed as a capacity to differentiate those who disagree less from those who disagree more. The scale possesses excellent reliability properties compared to other instruments. However, recently reported area under the curve calculations indicate that the scale's predictive power for sexual and violent reconviction is no better than chance. It would be useful to develop the SWCH scale so that it does not under‐represent important types of pro‐offending schema. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘One of several instruments which do not proportionally tap into all implicit theory schemas’Key Practitioner Messages

The SWCH scale has demonstrated excellent reliability properties.
The SWCH subscales represent two sexual schemas indicating that the SWCH scale is one of several measures in which nonsexual schemas are under‐represented.
Mean scores are low for child molesters indicating that respondents do not often endorse child abuse items outright.
It is difficult for clinicians to determine if low endorsement indicates little or no pro‐offending beliefs, post hoc neutralisations or dishonest responding.
‘The SWCH scale has demonstrated excellent reliability properties’
Germacyclobutenes: Generation by 1,1‐Carbalumination or 1,1‐Carbagallation and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Uhl Werner , Pelties Stefan , Tannert Jens , Ravoo Bart Jan , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAluminium‐ and gallium‐functionalised alkenylalkynylgermanes, R12Ge(CCR2)[C{E(CMe3)2}C(H)R2] (E=Al, Ga), exhibit a close contact between the coordinatively unsaturated Al or Ga atoms and the α‐C atoms of the intact ethynyl groups. These interactions activate the GeC(alkynyl) bonds and favour the thermally induced insertion of these C atoms into the EC(vinyl) bonds by means of 1,1‐carbalumination or 1,1‐carbagallation reactions. For the first time the latter method was shown to be a powerful alternative to known metallation processes. Germacyclobutenes with an unsaturated GeC3 heterocycle and endo‐ and exocyclic CC bonds resulted from concomitant GeC bond formation to the β‐C atoms of the alkynyl groups. These heterocyclic compounds show an interesting photoluminescence behaviour with Stokes shifts of >110 nm. The fascinating properties are based on extended π‐delocalisation including σ*‐orbitals localised at Ge and Al. High‐level quantum chemical DFT and TD‐DFT calculations for an Al compound were applied to elucidate their absorption and emission properties. They revealed a biradical excited state with the transfer of a π‐electron into the empty p‐orbital at Al and a pyramidalisation of the metal atom.
Concise Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides C and F
Authors: Valot Gaëlle , Mailhol Damien , Regens Christopher S. , O'Malley Daniel P. , Godineau Edouard , Takikawa Hiroshi , Philipps Petra , Fürstner Alois 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe marine natural products amphidinolide C (1) and F (4) differ in their side chains but share a common macrolide core with a signature 1,4‐diketone substructure. This particular motif inspired a synthesis plan predicating a late‐stage formation of this non‐consonant (“umpoled”) pattern by a platinum‐catalyzed transannular hydroalkoxylation of a cycloalkyne precursor. This key intermediate was assembled from three building blocks (29, 41 and 47 (or 65)) by Yamaguchi esterification, Stille cross‐coupling and a macrocyclization by ring‐closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM). This approach illustrates the exquisite alkynophilicity of the catalysts chosen for the RCAM and alkyne hydroalkoxylation steps, which activate triple bonds with remarkable ease but left up to five other π‐systems in the respective substrates intact. Interestingly, the inverse chemoselectivity pattern was exploited for the preparation of the tetrahydrofuran building blocks 47 and 65 carrying the different side chains of the two target macrolides. These fragments derive from a common aldehyde precursor 46 formed by an exquisitely alkene‐selective cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of the diunsaturated alcohol 44, which left an adjacent acetylene group untouched. The northern sector 29 was prepared by a two‐directional Marshall propargylation strategy, whereas the highly adorned acid subunit 41 derives from D‐glutamic acid by an intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition and a proline‐mediated hydroxyacetone aldol reaction as the key steps; the necessary Me3Sn‐group on the terminus of 41 for use in the Stille coupling was installed via enol triflate 39, which was obtained by selective deprotonation/triflation of the ketone site of the precursor 38 without competing enolization of the ester also present in this particular substrate.
Selective Oxidation of n‐Butanol Using Gold‐Palladium Supported Nanoparticles Under Base‐Free Conditions
Authors: Gandarias Inaki , Miedziak Peter J. , Nowicka Ewa , Douthwaite Mark , Morgan David J. , Hutchings Graham J. , Taylor Stuart H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe base‐free selective catalytic oxidation of n‐butanol by O2 in an aqueous phase has been studied using Au‐Pd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on titania. Au‐Pd/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by different methods: wet impregnation, physical mixing, deposition–precipitation and sol immobilisation. The sol immobilisation technique, which used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the stabilizing agent, gave the catalyst with the smallest average particle size and the highest stable activity and selectivity towards butyric acid. Increasing the amount of PVA resulted in a decrease in the size of the nanoparticles. However, it also reduced activity by limiting the accessibility of reactants to the active sites. Heating the catalyst to reflux with water at 90 °C for 1 h was the best method to enhance the surface exposure of the nanoparticles without affecting their size, as determined by TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CO chemisorption analysis. This catalyst was not only active and selective towards butyric acid but was also stable under the operating conditions.
An increasing citation black hole in ecology and evolution
Authors: Rafferty Anthony R. , Wong Bob B. M. , Chapple David G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCitations published in online supplementary material (OSM) are invisible to search engines used to calculate citation counts, potentially negatively impacting popular performance indices and journal rankings that rely on citation counts for quantification. To quantify the number of citations that are “lost” in OSM, we conducted a systematic survey of supplementary citation practices in four high‐ranking, society‐run journals from two geographical locations (Europe and North America). In 2012, 6% of all citations were only included in the OSM and were therefore not included in citation counts. We found a significant increase in the number of references invisible to citation counting services over the last two decades. A solution to this problem is urgently required and could include journal indexing of citations in OSM or the inclusion of all references in the main text.
Understanding of the annealing temperature impact on ion implanted bifacial n‐type solar cells to reach 20.3% efficiency
Authors: Lanterne Adeline , Le Perchec Jérôme , Gall Samuel , Manuel Sylvain , Coig Marianne , Tauzin Aurélie , Veschetti Yannick 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIon implantation has the advantage of being a unidirectional doping technique. Unlike gaseous diffusion, this characteristic highlights strong possibilities to simplify solar cell process flows. The use of ion implantation doping for n‐type PERT bifacial solar cells is a promising process, but mainly if it goes with a unique co‐annealing step to activate both dopants and to grow a SiO2 passivation layer. To develop this process and our SONIA cells, we studied the impact of the annealing temperature and that of the passivation layers on the electrical quality of the implanted B‐emitter and P‐BSF. A high annealing temperature (above 1000 °C) was necessary to fully activate the boron atoms and to anneal the implantation damages. Low J0BSF (BSF contribution to the saturation current density) of 180 fA/cm2 was reached at this high temperature with the best SiO2 passivation layer. An average efficiency of 19.7% was reached using this simplified process flow (“co‐anneal process”) on large area (239 cm2) Cz solar cells. The efficiency was limited by a low FF, probably due to contaminations by metallization pastes. Improved performances were achieved in the case of a “separated anneals” process where the P‐BSF is activated at a lower temperature range. An average efficiency of 20.2% was obtained in this case, with a 20.3% certified cell. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple gamete preservation and artificial reproduction of mammals using micro‐insemination techniques
Authors: Kaneko Takehito 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has been applied in various procedures as an effective breeding method in experimental, domestic, and wild animals, and for the treatment of human infertility. Micro‐insemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa and spermatids are now routinely used ART tools. With these techniques, even immotile and immature sperm cells can be employed as donors for producing the next generation. Gamete preservation, another ART tool, has contributed to reproductive regulation, worldwide transportation, and disease protection of animal strains, and the preserved gametes have been effectively used for the production of offspring. ART is now an indispensable tool in mammalian reproduction. This review covers the latest ART tools, with a particular emphasis on micro‐insemination and gamete preservation, and discusses the future direction of mammalian artificial reproductive technology.
Benomyl-resistant Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) mutants induced by ion beams
Authors: Fitriana Yuyun , Shinohara Shinobu , Satoh Katsuya , Narumi Issay , Saito Tsutomu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Fungicides targeted at phytopathogens can be harmful to entomopathogenic fungi. The purpose of this study was to use ion-beam irradiation technology to produce benomyl-resistant mutants of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. After irradiation of conidia at 150 Gy, two mutant isolates, BB22 and BB24, were selected on media containing the fungicide. In an assay of vegetative growth, BB22 and BB24 were over 500 and 800 times more tolerant to benomyl, respectively, compared with the wild isolate. However, in an assay of conidial germination, neither mutant had increased tolerance compared with the wild isolate. Both mutant isolates also had increased tolerance to thiophanate-methyl during vegetative growth, but reduced tolerance to diethofencarb. A mutation was found at position 198 of the β-tubulin gene in the mutant isolates, with a substitution of glutamate for alanine (E198A). Ion beams have great potential as a tool to improve the traits of entomopathogenic fungi such as increasing tolerance to fungicides. Fungicide-resistant mutants produced in this way could be useful agents for biological control within IPM programmes where fungicides are also used.
Spatial augmented reality for product appearance design evaluation
Authors: Park Min Ki , Lim Kyu Je , Seo Myoung Kook , Jung Soon Jong , Lee Kwan H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAugmented reality based on projection, called “Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR)”, is a new technology that can produce immersive contents by overlapping virtuality and real-world environment. It has been paid attention as the next generation digital contents in media art and human–computer interaction (HCI). In this paper, we present a new methodology to evaluate the product appearance design more intuitively by means of SAR technique. The proposed method first projects the high-quality rendered image considering the optical property of materials onto the mock-up of a product. We also conduct a projector-camera calibration to compensate a color distortion according to a projector, a projection surface and environment lighting. The design evaluation methodology we propose offers more flexible and intuitive evaluation environment to a designer and user (evaluator) than previous methods that are performed via a digital display. At the end of this research, we have conducted a case study for designing and evaluating appearance design of an automobile.
Phase diagram for the onset of circulating waves and flow reversal in inclined falling films
Authors: Rohlfs Wilko , Scheid Benoit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe onset of circulating waves, i.e. waves with a circulating eddy in the main wave hump, and the onset of flow reversal, i.e. a vortex in the first capillary minimum, in inclined falling films is investigated as a function of the Reynolds number and inclination number using the weighted integral boundary layer (WIBL) model and direct numerical simulations (DNS). Analytical criteria for the onset of circulating waves and flow reversal based on the wave celerity, the average film thickness and the maximum and minimum film thickness have been approximated using self-similar parabolic velocity profiles. This approximation has been validated by second-order WIBL and DNS simulations. It is shown that the onset of circulating waves in the phase diagram for homoclinic solutions (waves of infinite wavelength) is strongly dependent on the inclination, but independent of the streamwise viscous dissipation effect. On the contrary, the onset of flow reversal shows a clear dependence on the viscous dissipation. Furthermore, simulation results for limit cycles (finite wavelength) reveal a strong increase of the corresponding critical Reynolds number with the excitation frequency. Additionally, a critical ratio between the maximum and substrate film thickness (value of approximately 2.5) was found for the onset of circulating waves, which is independent of wavelength, inclination, viscous dissipation and Reynolds number.
CHARACTER TABLES OF METACYCLIC GROUPS
Authors: HUMPHRIES STEPHEN P. , SKABELUND DANE C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe show that two metacyclic groups of the following types are isomorphic if they have the same character tables: (i) split metacyclic groups, (ii) the metacyclic p-groups and (iii) the metacyclic {p, q}-groups, where p, q are odd primes.
Minor physical anomalies and craniofacial measures in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Lin A.-S. , Chang S.-S. , Lin S.-H. , Peng Y.-C. , Hwu H.-G. , Chen W. J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundSchizophrenia patients have higher rates of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) than controls, particularly in the craniofacial region; this difference lends support to the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Whether MPAs are associated with treatment response in schizophrenia remains unknown. The aim of this case–control study was to investigate whether more MPAs and specific quantitative craniofacial features in patients with schizophrenia are associated with operationally defined treatment resistance.MethodA comprehensive scale, consisting of both qualitatively measured MPAs and quantitative measurements of the head and face, was applied in 108 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and in 104 non-TRS patients. Treatment resistance was determined according to the criteria proposed by Conley & Kelly (2001; Biological Psychiatry 50, 898–911).ResultsOur results revealed that patients with TRS had higher MPA scores in the mouth region than non-TRS patients, and the two groups also differed in four quantitative measurements (facial width, lower facial height, facial height, and length of the philtrum), after controlling for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate. Among these dysmorphological measurements, three MPA item types (mouth MPA score, facial width, and lower facial height) and earlier disease onset were further demonstrated to have good discriminant validity in distinguishing TRS from non-TRS patients in a multivariable logistic regression analysis, with an area under the curve of 0.84 and a generalizedR2of 0.32.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that certain MPAs and craniofacial features may serve as useful markers for identifying TRS at early stages of the illness.
A molecular toggle after exocytosis sequesters the presynaptic syntaxin1a molecules involved in prior vesicle fusion
Authors: Kavanagh Deirdre M. , Smyth Annya M. , Martin Kirsty J. , Dun Alison , Brown Euan R. , Gordon Sarah , Smillie Karen J. , Chamberlain Luke H. , Wilson Rhodri S. , Yang Lei , Lu Weiping , Cousin Michael A. , Rickman Colin , Duncan Rory R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNeuronal synapses are among the most scrutinized of cellular systems, serving as a model for all membrane trafficking studies. Despite this, synaptic biology has proven difficult to interrogate directly in situ due to the small size and dynamic nature of central synapses and the molecules within them. Here we determine the spatial and temporal interaction status of presynaptic proteins, imaging large cohorts of single molecules inside active synapses. Measuring rapid interaction dynamics during synaptic depolarization identified the small number of syntaxin1a and munc18-1 protein molecules required to support synaptic vesicle exocytosis. After vesicle fusion and subsequent SNARE complex disassembly, a prompt switch in syntaxin1a and munc18-1-binding mode, regulated by charge alteration on the syntaxin1a N-terminal, sequesters monomeric syntaxin1a from other disassembled fusion complex components, preventing ectopic SNARE complex formation, readying the synapse for subsequent rounds of neurotransmission.
Characterizing the Epidemiology of Perioperative Transfusion-associated Circulatory Overload
Authors: Clifford Leanne , Jia Qing , Yadav Hemang , Subramanian Arun , Wilson Gregory A. , Murphy Sean P. , Pathak Jyotishman , Schroeder Darrell R. , Ereth Mark H. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background:
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a leading cause of transfusion-related fatalities, but its incidence and associated patient and transfusion characteristics are poorly understood. To inform surgical transfusion practice and to begin mitigating perioperative TACO, the authors aimed to define its epidemiology.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia during 2004 or 2011 and receiving intraoperative transfusions were screened using an electronic algorithm for identification of TACO. Those patients who were screened as high probability for TACO underwent rigorous manual review. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluated associations between patient and transfusion characteristics with TACO rates in a before-and-after study design.

Results:
A total of 2,162 and 1,908 patients met study criteria for 2004 and 2011, respectively. The incidence of TACO was 5.5% (119 of 2,162) in 2004 versus 3.0% (57 of 1,908) in 2011 (P < 0.001), with comparable rates for men (4.8% [98 of 2,023]) and women (3.8% [78 of 2,047]) (P = 0.09). Overall, vascular (12.1% [60 of 497]), transplant (8.8% [17 of 193]), and thoracic surgeries (7.2% [10 of 138]) carried the highest TACO rates. Obstetric and gynecologic patients had the lowest rate (1.4% [4 of 295]). The incidence of TACO increased with volume transfused, advancing age, and total intraoperative fluid balance (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The incidence of perioperative TACO is similar to previous estimates in nonsurgical populations. There was a reduction in TACO rate between 2004 and 2011, with incidence patterns remaining comparable in subgroup analyses. Future efforts exploring risk factors for TACO may guide preventive or therapeutic interventions, helping to further mitigate this transfusion complication.
The Benefits of Photorespiratory Bypasses: How Can They Work?
Authors: Xin Chang-Peng , Tholen Danny , Devloo Vincent , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Bypassing the photorespiratory pathway is regarded as a way to increase carbon assimilation and, correspondingly, biomass production in C3 crops. Here, the benefits of three published photorespiratory bypass strategies are systemically explored using a systems-modeling approach. Our analysis shows that full decarboxylation of glycolate during photorespiration would decrease photosynthesis, because a large amount of the released CO2 escapes back to the atmosphere. Furthermore, we show that photosynthesis can be enhanced by lowering the energy demands of photorespiration and by relocating photorespiratory CO2 release into the chloroplasts. The conductance of the chloroplast membranes to CO2 is a key feature determining the benefit of the relocation of photorespiratory CO2 release. Although our results indicate that the benefit of photorespiratory bypasses can be improved by increasing sedoheptulose bisphosphatase activity and/or increasing the flux through the bypass, the effectiveness of such approaches depends on the complex regulation between photorespiration and other metabolic pathways.