bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold(III) Chloride and Phenylacetylene: A Catalyst System for the Ferrier Rearrangement, and O‐Glycosylation of 1‐O‐Acetyl Sugars as Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Roy Rashmi , Rajasekaran Parasuraman , Mallick Asadulla , Vankar Yashwant D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have developed a new catalyst system comprising AuCl3 and phenylacetylene that promotes the Ferrier rearrangement of glycals and 2‐acetoxymethylglycals with different nucleophiles, and also the O‐glycosylation of 1‐O‐acetyl sugars to obtain a variety of useful glycosides at room temperature through relay catalysis. Good anomeric selectivity was observed for the Ferrier rearrangements, whereas the O‐glycosylation of 1‐O‐acetyl sugars gave mixtures of diastereomers with moderate to excellent selectivity.
Inflammation of the thoracolumbar fascia excites and sensitizes rat dorsal horn neurons
Authors: Hoheisel U. , Mense S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecent data show that the thoracolumbar fascia can be a source of pain. However, the spinal neuronal mechanisms underlying pain from a pathologically altered fascia are unknown. The present study aimed at finding out how dorsal horn neurons react to input from a chronically inflamed thoracolumbar fascia.MethodsRecordings from rat dorsal horn neurons were made in the spinal segment L3. Twelve days before the recordings, the thoracolumbar fascia was inflamed by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Control animals received an injection of isotonic saline. In addition, behavioural experiments were carried out.ResultsNeurons in the spinal segment L3 do not normally receive input from the fascia, but 11.1% of the neurons did when the fascia was inflamed. Compared with control, the proportion of neurons having input from all deep somatic tissues rose from 10.8% to 33.3% (p < 0.02). Moreover, many neurons acquired new deep receptive fields, most of which were located in the hindlimb (p < 0.04). Surprisingly, the pressure pain threshold of the inflamed rats did not change, but they showed a reduction in exploratory activity.ConclusionsOne of the prominent findings was the appearance of new receptive fields in deep tissues of the hindlimb. Together with the expansion of the spinal target region of fascia afferents into the segment L3, the appearance of new receptive fields is a possible explanation for the spread of pain in patients with non‐specific low back pain.
Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Performance of Ru(bpy)32+/CuO/TiO2 Nanotube Array Sensor for Detection of Amines
Authors: Yan Zhaoxiong , Xu Zhihua , Yu Jiaguo , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTripropylamine (TPA) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic compound, therefore, TPA concentration in water must be monitored to protect health and the environment. In this paper, an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor was fabricated by immobilising Ru(bpy)32+‐modified CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on a TiO2 nanotube array (TN) electrode. Compared to an ECL sensor fabricated by immobilising Ru(bpy)32+ on a TN only electrode, the as‐prepared sensor displays a 30 % enhanced ECL signal and a detection limit of 9.6×10−10 M at a signal‐to‐noise ratio=3 with the concentration of TPA in a range 1×10−9 to 1×10−5 M. The results from this study indicated a new approach for the enhancement of performance of ECL sensor in detecting TPA in water.
Amplified Electrochemical Immunosensor for Calmodulin Detection Based on Gold‐Silver‐Graphene Hybrid Nanomaterials and Enhanced Gold Nanorods Labels
Authors: Geng Ping , Fu Ying , Yang Meicheng , Sun Qianqian , Liu Kai , Zhang Xinai , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) is an important intracellular calcium‐binding protein. It plays a critical role in a variety of biological and biochemical processes. In this paper, a new electrochemical immunosensing protocol for sensitive detection of CaM was developed by using gold‐silver‐graphene (AuAgGP) hybrid nanomaterials as protein immobilization matrices and gold nanorods (GNRs) as enhanced electrochemical labels. Electrode was first modified with thionine‐chitosan film to provide an immobilization support for gold‐silver‐graphene hybrid nanomaterials. The hybrid materials formed an effective matrix for binding of CaM with high density and improved the electrochemical responses as well. Gold nanorods were prepared for the fabrication of enhanced labels (HRP‐Ab2‐GNRs), which provided a large capacity for HRP‐Ab2 immobilization and a facile pathway for electron transfer. With two‐step immunoassay format, the HRP‐Ab2‐GNRs labels were introduced onto the electrode surface, and produced electrochemical responses by catalytic reaction of HRP toward enzyme substrate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of thionine. The proposed immunosensor showed an excellent analytical performance for the detection of CaM ranging from 50 pg mL−1 to 200 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 18 pg mL−1. The immunosensor has also been successfully applied to the CaM analysis in two cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF‐7) with high sensitivity, which has shown great potency for improving clinic diagnosis and treatment for cancer study.
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Enzymatic Reactor of Silver Solid Amalgam Powder for Measurements in Flow Systems
Authors: Josypčuk Oksana , Barek Jiří , Josypčuk Bohdan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn enzymatic reactor based on silver solid amalgam powder was suggested as the main part of biosensors in flow systems for the first time. Biosensors were tested with following enzymes: ascorbate oxidase, glucose oxidase, catalase, tyrosinase and laccase. The current response of each biosensor was optimized with respect to the detection potential, flow rate, the injection and reactor volume. Relative standard deviation for detection with the studied enzymes was found to be in the range of 0.81–2.1 %. The biosensor with the ascorbate oxidase reactor was used for determination of ascorbic acid in the vitamin tablets Celaskon.
S‐nitrosylation of Cofilin‐1 Serves as a Novel Pathway for VEGF‐Stimulated Endothelial Cell Migration
Authors: Zhang Hong‐hai , Wang Wen , Feng Lin , Yang Yingying , Zheng Jing , Huang Lan , Chen Dong‐bao 
Published: July 2014

ABSTACTNitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐stimulated endothelial cytoskeleton remodeling and migration; however, the underlying mechanisms are elusive. Covalent adduction of a NO moiety (NO•) to cysteines called S‐nitrosylation (SNO) is a key NO signaling pathway. The small actin‐binding protein cofilin‐1 (CFL1) is essential for actin cytoskeleton remodeling. We investigated whether S‐nitrosylation regulates CFL1 function and endothelial cytoskeleton remodeling and migration upon VEGF stimulation. VEGF rapidly stimulated S‐nitrosylation of CFL1, which was blocked by NO Synthase inhibition and eNOS knockdown by specific eNOS‐siRNA. Cys80 and Cys139 were identified as the major SNO‐sites in CFL1 by LC‐MS/MS. The actin severing activity of recombinant SNO‐mimetic CFL1 (C80/139A DMA‐CFL1), but not SNO‐deficient CFL1 (C80/139S DMS‐CFL1), was significantly greater than that of wild‐type CFL1 (wt‐CFL1). When wt‐CFL1 and its mutants were overexpressed in endothelial cells, basal actin bound wt‐CFL1 was undetectable but significantly increased by VEGF; basal actin bound DMA‐CFL1 was readily high and basal actin bound DMS‐CFL1 was detectable but low, and both were unresponsive to VEGF. Treatment with VEGF significantly increased filamentous (F‐) actin and filopodium formation and cell migration in endothelial cells. Overexpression of wt‐CFL1 inhibited VEGF‐induced F‐actin formation. Overexpression of DMA but not DMS CFL1 decreased basal but not VEGF‐stimulated F‐actin formation. Overexpression of DMA but not DMS CFL1 suppressed VEGF‐stimulated filopodium formation and migration in endothelial cells. Thus, S‐nitrosylation of CFL1 provides a novel signaling pathway post‐NO biosynthesis via eNOS‐derived NO for endothelial cytoskeleton remodeling and migration upon VEGF stimulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 406–417, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arsenic toxicity in rice with special reference to speciation in Indian grain and its implication on human health
Authors: Sinha Bishwajit , Bhattacharyya Kallol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice is a potentially important route of human exposure to arsenic, especially in populations with rice‐based diets. However, arsenic toxicity varies greatly with species. The initial purpose of the present study was to evaluate arsenic speciation in rice.RESULTSIt appeared very clear from the present study that inorganic arsenic shared maximum arsenic load in rice straw while in grains it is considerably low. As species recovered from rice grain and straw are principally As(III) and As(V) with a small amount of dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) and almost non‐detectable monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and arsenobetain (AsB). Discussion of the health risk of As in rice has largely been based on its inorganic arsenic content because these species have generally been considered to be more toxic than MMA and DMA and can be directly compared to As in drinking water, assuming equal bioavailability of inorganic As in the rice matrix and in water. The maximum dietary risk of exposure to inorganic arsenic through transplanted boro paddy in the present experiment was calculated to be almost 1706% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake for an adult of 60 kg body weight.CONCLUSIONAs species recovered from boro rice grain and straw are principally As(III) and As(V) with a small amount of DMA and almost non‐detectable MMA and AsB. Reductions in total As load through organic amendments in boro rice grain and straw samples were manifested predominately through reduced accumulations of inorganic As species [As(III) and As(V)], between which As(V) accounted for the larger share. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Numerische Berechnung des Verschleißes an der Dornwalze eines Ringwalzprozesses in Abhängigkeit prozessrelevanter Parameter
Authors: Behrens B.‐A. , Lütke‐Verspohl I. , Bouguecha A. , Matthias T. 
Published: July 2014

Ringwalzen ist ein Umformprozess zur Herstellung nahtloser Ringe. Der Prozess kennzeichnet sich durch eine komplexe Kinematik der formgebenden Walzen und der Zentrierwalzen. Bei der Auslegung eines Ringwalzprozesses ist es erforderlich, die Vorringgeometrie und die Walzstrategie, d. h. die Vorschübe und Drehzahlen der einzelnen Walzen, so aufeinander abzustimmen, dass die geforderte Endkontur möglichst optimal erreicht wird. Mit Hilfe der FE‐Simulation können bereits vor dem Produktionsstart gezielt Optimierungen, wie z. B. die Optimierung von Walzstrategien durchgeführt und dadurch die Anzahl kostspieliger Probewalzungen auf ein Minimum beschränkt werden. Ein weiterer wichtiger Faktor ist der Verschleiß an den Walzen.Im Vordergrund der Arbeit stehen die FE‐Modellierung eines Ringwalzprozesses und die numerische Berechnung des Verschleißes an der Dornwalze unter Variation prozessbedingter Parameter.
Identification of the minimal replicon and the origin of replication of the crenarchaeal plasmid pRN1
Authors: Berkner Silvia , Hinojosa Mery Pina , Prangishvili David , Lipps Georg 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe have determined the minimal replicon of the crenarchaeal plasmid pRN1. It consists of 3097 base pairs amounting to 58% of the genome of pRN1. The minimal replicon comprises replication operon orf56/orf904 coding for a transcriptional repressor and the replication protein of pRN1. An upstream region of 64 bp that contains the promoter of the replication operon is essential as well as 166 bp of sequence downstream of the orf904 gene. This region contains a putative transcriptional terminator and a 100 nucleotides long stem–loop structure. Only the latter structure was shown to be required for replication. In addition replication was sustained when the stem–loop was displaced to another part of the pRN1 sequence. By mutational analysis we also find that the integrity of the stem–loop structure is required to maintain the replication of pRN1‐derived constructs. As similar stem–loop structures are also present in other members of the pRN family, we suggest that this conserved structural element could be the origin of replication for the pRN plasmids. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that the domain structure of the replication protein and the presence of a similar stem–loop structure as the putative replication origin are also found in several bacteriophages.
Incidence of acetylcholine receptor‐antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis in South Africa
Authors: Mombaur Busisiwe , Lesosky Maia R. , Liebenberg Lisa , Vreede Helena , Heckmann Jeannine M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess age‐ and gender‐specific incidence rates (IRs) of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)–antibody–positive myasthenia gravis (MG) in South Africa, and geographical variations in incidence.MethodsIRs were calculated from positive AChR–antibody laboratory data between 2011 and 2012, using 2011 population census data.Results890 individuals were seropositive, for an annual IR of 8.5 per million. Age‐standardized IR for early‐onset (<50) and late‐onset (≥50) MG were 4.1 and 24 per million, respectively, and 4.3 per million for juveniles. The IR between provinces ranged from 1 to 19 per million.ConclusionsIn this Southern Hemisphere African population, the overall IR and peak IR (in older men) for seropositive MG is comparable to that in Europe and North America, arguing against environmental factors. However, IRs may be higher among children with African genetic ancestry. Geographical variation in incidence underscores the importance of outreach programs for regions with limited resources. Muscle Nerve, 2015 Muscle Nerve 51: 533–537, 2015
An extended finite element method model for carbon sequestration
Authors: Ladubec Chris , Gracie Robert , Craig James 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA two‐phase flow eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) model is presented to analyse the injection and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers. XFEM is introduced to accurately approximate near‐injection well pressure behaviour with elements significantly larger than the injection well diameter. We present a vertically averaged multiphase flow model that combines XFEM to approximate the pressure field, with a Streamline Upwind/Finite Element Method/Finite Difference Method (SU‐FEM‐FDM) to approximate the distribution of CO2 in the aquifer. Near‐well enrichment functions are presented along with the solution procedure for the coupled problem. Two examples are presented: in the first, CO2 injection into a perfectly horizontal aquifer is modelled with both XFEM and FEM‐based methods. The results suggest that XFEM is able to provide low relative errors in the pressure near the well at a reduced computational cost compared with FEM. The impact and selection of the stabilization coefficient of the SU‐FEM‐FDM is also discussed. In the second example, the XFEM and SU‐FEM‐FDM model is applied to a more realistic problem of an inclined aquifer to demonstrate the ability of the model to capture the buoyancy‐driven migration of CO2 in a deep saline aquifer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SMA carrier testing: a meta‐analysis of differences in test performance by ethnic group
Authors: MacDonald William Kim , Hamilton David , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe autosomal recessive genetic disease that occurs in about one in every 10 000 births. Prenatal carrier testing is available for SMA, and the utility of universal screening is actively debated.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of SMA genotype frequency, carrier frequency, and carrier test performance in different ethnic groups.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature for studies on SMA carrier screening test performance. Ethnicity‐specific allele frequencies, carrier rates, and screening test performance were determined from data of 169 000 individuals in 14 published studies. Pooled estimates were calculated for each ethnic group using a random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThe detection rate of SMA screening in the non‐Black population was 87–95%; however, detection rates fell to 71% among the Black population.ConclusionThese results highlight that although SMA carrier testing generally performs well and could be considered as a routine prenatal screen, SMA testing should be used cautiously in the Black population. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achieving high electric energy storage in a polymer nanocomposite at low filling ratios using a highly polarizable phthalocyanine interphase
Authors: Wang Jing , Guan Fangxiao , Cui Li , Pan Jilin , Wang Qing , Zhu Lei 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPolymer nanodielectrics have become attractive for practical applications such as electric energy storage and electromechanical actuation. However, to enhance the apparent dielectric constant of polymer nanodielectrics, a significant amount (>30 vol %) of spherical particles needs to be incorporated into the polymer matrix. As a consequence, melt‐processing of polymer nanodielectrics into uniform thin films becomes difficult at such a high filler content, and electric breakdown strength will greatly decrease. In this work, we describe a three‐phase composite approach towards high energy density nanodielectrics at low filling ratios. In this approach, a highly polarizable tetrameric metallophthalocyanine (TMPc) initiator is coated onto 68 nm BaTiO3 nanoparticles, from which poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes are grafted using atom transfer radical polymerization for the nanoparticles to be uniformly dispersed in a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF‐HFP)] matrix. For comparison, two‐phase P(VDF‐HFP)/BaTiO3 composites without the TMPc interfacial layer are also prepared. Owing to the high polarizability of the TMPc interface layer, the three‐phase composite films exhibit higher dielectric constant and thus higher energy density than the two‐phase composite films at volume‐filling ratios below 5 vol %. Therefore, these high energy density three‐phase nanodielectrics with a low filling ratio are promising for melt‐processing into thin dielectric films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1669–1680
The tensor theory space
Authors: Rivasseau V. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe tensor track is a background‐independent discretization of quantum gravity which includes a sum over all topologies. We discuss how to define a functional renormalization group flow and the Wetterich equation in the corresponding theory space. This space is different from the Einsteinian theory space of asymptotic safety. It includes all fixed‐rank tensor‐invariant interactions, hence generalizes matrix models and the (Moyal) non‐commutative field theory space.
Bait station devices can improve mass trapping performance for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly
Authors: Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Primo Jaime , Vacas Sandra 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of traps and other attract‐and‐kill devices in pest management strategies to reduce Mediterranean fruit fly populations has proved to be efficient. Nevertheless, many farmers are concerned about the effect of these devices on the trees where they are hung. Direct field observations have revealed that fruit damage is higher in trees with traps than in trees without them. This work evaluates the efficacy of different types of attract‐and‐kill device to protect fruit of the single tree on which the device is placed.RESULTSResults suggested that trees with traps had at least the same fruit damage than trees without them. When traps were baited with protein hydrolysate, fruit damage was even higher than in trees without traps. However, fruit damage was significantly diminished when efficient bait station devices were used.CONCLUSIONAlthough mass trapping is able to control fruit fly populations as a control method, trees with some types of trap and bait are more susceptible to fly puncture. However, bait station devices reduce fruit damage in the single trees where they are hung. Bait stations are more efficient in fruit protection because fruit flies are affected as soon as they contact the device. Some recommendations for the use of the different attract‐and‐kill devices are discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Electronic structure of amorphous ZnO films
Authors: Schmeißer Dieter , Haeberle Jörg , Barquinha Pedro , Gaspar Diana , Pereira Luís , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe use resonant photoemission spectroscopy (resPES) to study the electronic properties of amorphous ZnO (a‐ZnO) layers. We report on the core levels, the valence band (VB) PES data, and the X‐ray absorption (XAS) data which we use for the conduction band (CB) density of states. From these results we are able to derive the partial density of states (pDOS) of O2p and Zn4s4p states in the VB and CB, respectively as well as a band scheme. At the O1s resonance we observe a band of localized defect states which is located between the Fermi energy and the CBM. At the Zn2p edge the XAS data indicate that localized Zn4s4p states are involved in the DOS starting already at the Fermi energy. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Prospective Assessment of Trocar‐Specific Morbidity in Laparoscopy
Authors: Cristaudi Alessandra , Matthey‐Gié Marie‐Laure , Demartines Nicolas , Christoforidis Dimitri 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground
The purpose of the present study was to challenge the hypothetical advantage of single port laparoscopy (SPL) over conventional laparoscopy by measuring prospectively the morbidity specifically related to conventional trocar sites (TS).MethodsFrom November 2010 to December 2011, 300 patients undergoing various laparoscopic procedures were enrolled. Patient, surgery, and trocar characteristics were recorded. We evaluated at three time points (in‐hospital and at 1 and 6 months postoperatively) specifically for each TS, pain (Visual Analog Scale), morbidity (infection, hematoma, hernia), and cosmesis (Patient Scar Assessment Score; PSAS). Patients designated their “worst TS,” and a composite endpoint “bad TS” was defined to include any adverse outcome at a TS.ResultsWe analyzed 1,074 TS. Follow‐up was >90 %. Pain scores of >3/10 at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, were reported by 3 and 1 % of patients at the 5 mm TS and by 9 and 1 % at the larger TS, respectively (5 mm TS vs larger TS; p = 0.001). Pain was significantly lower for TS located in the lower abdomen than for the upper abdomen or the umbilicus (p = 0.001). The overall complication rate was <1 % and significantly lower for the 5 mm TS (hematoma p = 0.046; infection p = 0.0001). No hernia was found. The overall PSAS score was low and significantly lower for the 5 mm TS (p = 0.0001). Significant predictors of “bad TS” were larger TS (p = 0.001), umbilical position (p = 0.0001), emergency surgery (p = 0.0001), accidental trocar exit (p = 0.022), fascia closure (p = 0.006), and specimen extraction site (p = 0.0001).ConclusionsSpecific trocar morbidity is low and almost negligible for 5 mm trocars. The umbilicus appears to be an unfavorable TS.