bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death and the Sacrifice of Signs: ‘Measuring’ the Dead in Tana Toraja
Authors: Tsintjilonis Dimitri 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSuggesting the existence of an intrinsic connection between sacrifice and embodiment, this article considers the meaning and symbolism of traditional mortuary rituals among the Sa'dan Toraja of Indonesia. Manifesting different ways of being, these rituals engender different ways of dying. Focusing on the sacrificial patterns of their engenderment, I discuss these differences and the way in which they are thought to ‘emerge from the body’.
Longing for Completion: toward an Aesthetics of Work in Suau
Authors: Demian Melissa 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAesthetics is a relatively recent ‘discovery’ for anthropologists, and on the whole has been limited to analyses of art and other forms of material culture. This article asks whether aesthetics might not also be applied to ‘cultural images’, or the forms in which people imagine their relationships to be made manifest. I take as my example gendered working relationships in the Suau region of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. In Suau the work of men and women is contingent upon, and assessed according to, values which appear at the juncture of particular relational configurations. Work is in fact the medium through which these relationships are made visible and ‘real’ to those who witness it. The forms taken by work refer to a morally freighted domain of values and interpretations, and the appropriate performance of work thus maintains an image of sociality as it is ideally conceived.
Dangerous Visions: the Cassowary as Good to Think and Good to Remember among the Anganen
Authors: Nihill Michael 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe cassowary, although no longer a popular animal for possession or gift exchange in contemporary Anganen, is good to think in the Lévi‐Straussian sense and good to remember. Its excessive violence may stand for the violence of which men are capable. This is the case for inter‐group warfare. It also refers to intra‐community hostilities, not sharing cassowary meat being a frequent cause for clan fission and an agonistic exchange called rawa where those conceptualised as brothers engage in the competitive slaughter of, ideally, cassowaries. The article primarily concerns rawa and its extraordinary character. It is typified by paradox and danger despite the displacement of anger from direct attacks on humans to the slaughter of animals. Rawa protagonists throw blood and uncleaned entrails at each other while shouting the vilest of insults in the hope the opponent will eventually not respond and lose the contest. However, while escalation of a dispute to the level of rawa is evidence of failed mediation, this competitive exchange establishes the condition for eventual intervention and, via a communal feast of the slaughtered animals, the resumption of strong community relations, including those between the former protagonists. The final ethnographic section focuses on the fact that warfare and rawa were prohibited by the Australian Administration. Anganen men feel they were disenfranchised by the Administration, in part because they were denied access to the culturally lauded male pursuits of being warriors and rawa men. As such, that cassowaries are thought to have been much more popular in the past is central to my claim they are good to remember.
Photos in Wiradjuri Biscuit Tins: Negotiating Relatedness and Validating Colonial Histories
Authors: Macdonald Gaynor 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTins, cardboard boxes and albums hold one of the most prized and jealously guarded of all Wiradjuri Aboriginal ‘material’ possessions, the family photos. They are used to tell and recall stories, introduce people to kin, as items of exchange and as important statements of identity and belonging in the spatial and temporal politics of kinship. In this ethnographic study of Indigenous photo collections in south‐east Australia, I argue that photos have the capacity to extend the face‐to‐face nature of kin‐relatedness through time and space; they are important in negotiations of sociality; and they validate the past in contexts in which recourse to both myth and history have been constrained.
The Death of a Strong, Great, Bad Man: An Ethnography Of Soul Incorporation
Authors: Mimica Jadran 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper is a detailed description and interpretation of the death of a Yagwoia‐Angan great killer‐warrior and of two soul‐incorporation rites performed in the period preceding the interment of the corpse. The interpretive framework is a synthesis of existential phenomenology, psychoanalysis, and archetypal psychology articulated through the cosmo‐ontological specificities of the Yagwoia life‐world. The paper elucidates the dynamics and originality of the Yagwoia sense of the world as a self‐generative bodily totality (world‐body) which incessantly reproduces itself through its internal constitutive parts, individual humans and their group‐containers. This dynamic is simultaneously self‐devouring and self‐copulating. Its most apposite characterisation is the archetypal image of ouroboros, the serpent that eats its own tail. Following the ontological clarifications of the Yagwoia‐Angan life‐world the main theme of the paper unfolds as a hermeneutic synthesis of concrete ethnographic descriptions and critical interpretations of the Yagwoia existential process made manifest in concrete experiences and practices of the living and the dead.
Fellowship and Citizenship as Models of National Community: United Church Women's Fellowship in Ranongga, Solomon Islands
Authors: McDougall Debra 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFrom humble beginnings in the 1960s, the United Church Women's Fellowship (UCWF) is now viewed as one of the most effective organizations on the island of Ranongga (Western Province, Solomon Islands). This essay considers reasons for the success of women's fellowship in Ranongga, focusing on the distinctive position of women in gendered local and translocal forms of social organization. Far from being isolated from the outside world, Ranonggan women have long been engaged in drawing outsiders into local communities. I explore this theme in narratives of Christian conversion and of the beginning of women's fellowship; I also consider the practices of local and national women's fellowship groups that work to constitute unified communities out of diverse groups of people. My discussion of Ranonggan women's fellowship illustrates local dynamics of community‐making that do not map easily on to dominant models of nation‐states and ethnic groups. I ask whether the UCWF provides an alternative model for thinking about larger‐scale political formations, particularly in the Solomons. This question is especially relevant considering the significant contribution that women's Christian organizations have made in efforts to reconstitute a national community in the context of the ongoing political crisis in Solomon Islands.
Introduction to Relations in Multicultural Fiji: The Dynamics of Articulations, Transformations and Positionings
Authors: Hermann Elfriede , Kempf Wolfgang 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTFocussing on three historically constituted domains of relations of great importance to all inhabitants of the Fiji Islands, this essay draws attention to cultural modalities and political strategies implicated in shaping these. By way of introduction to six papers which together with this preface and an epilogue are presented in the form of a collection, we distinguish three domains of relations: those between past and present; those between people and land; and (not least) those between people. We argue that social actors in Fiji reflect on and deal with such relations in all of which they are simultaneously embodied, i.e. they articulate, transform and position these relations with a view to shaping their identity and place in today's multicultural (and indeed intercultural) Fiji. We conclude that there operates a complex of dialectical processes: while social actors work on relations that exert influence on them, there is also a dynamic in play between articulations, transformations and positionings of relations.
Third Wave Evangelism and the Politics of the Global in Papua New Guinea: Spiritual Warfare and the Recreation of Place in Telefolmin
Authors: Jorgensen Dan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThird Wave pentecostalist theology envisages a global struggle against satanic forces as ‘spiritual warfare.’ Here I examine an instance of spiritual warfare that targeted the village of Telefolip as part of a national campaign. Embracing evangelical doctrines of the dependence of ‘physical development’ on ‘spiritual development,’ villagers burned ancestral relics and purport to have found ‘uranium gas’ on the site of a former spirit house. This discovery is held to be full of promise for the future: as a valuable (if imaginary) resource in Israel's struggles, uranium gas offers villagers wealth and a means of asserting local centrality in global terms. I conclude by arguing that an understanding of the conjunction of spiritual warfare's aims with villagers' hopes for a place in the world beyond the village is crucial to analyzing the dynamics of pentecostalist world‐breaking and world‐making.
In vitro and in vivo study of hazardous effects of Ag nanoparticles and Arginine‐treated multi walled carbon nanotubes on blood cells: Application in hemodialysis membranes
Authors: Zare‐Zardini Hadi , Amiri Ahmad , Shanbedi Mehdi , Taheri‐Kafrani Asghar , Kazi S. N. , Chew B.T. , Razmjou Amir 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne of the novel applications of the nanostructures is the modification and development of membranes for hemocompatibility of hemodialysis. The toxicity and hemocompatibility of Ag nanoparticles and arginine‐treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT‐Arg) and possibility of their application in membrane technology are investigated here. MWNT‐Arg is prepared by amidation reactions, followed by characterization by FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a good hemocompatibility and the hemolytic rates in the presence of both MWNT‐Arg and Ag nanoparticles. The hemolytic rate of Ag nanoparticles was lower than that of MWNT‐Arg. In vivo study revealed that Ag nanoparticle and MWNT‐Arg decreased Hematocrit and mean number of red blood cells (RBC) statistically at concentration of 100 µg mL−1. The mean decrease of RBC and Hematocrit for Ag nanoparticles (18% for Hematocrit and 5.8 × 1,000,000/µL) was more than MWNT‐Arg (20% for Hematocrit and 6 × 1000000/µL). In addition, MWNT‐Arg and Ag nanoparticles had a direct influence on the White Blood Cell (WBC) drop. Regarding both nanostructures, although the number of WBC increased in initial concentration, it decreased significantly at the concentration of 100 µg mL−1. It is worth mentioning that the toxicity of Ag nanoparticle on WBC was higher than that of MWNT‐Arg. Because of potent antimicrobial activity and relative hemocompatibility, MWNT‐Arg could be considered as a new candidate for biomedical applications in the future especially for hemodialysis membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2959–2965, 2015.
Successful implementation of a rural extracorporeal photopheresis program for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in a rural hospital
Authors: Weber Litchia L. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Meehan Kenneth R. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Lansigan Frederick 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is currently standard therapy for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Of the many challenges associated with outpatient ECP treatments, commuter travel to capable facilities can fragment and compromise the patient care. In 2008, our hospital implemented an ECP program providing patients to a treatment center over 120 minutes away. This study was undertaken to describe our experience with the establishment of a regional ECP program.MethodsA retrospective review using a standardized template was performed of patients treated from May 2008 to 2012. The response to treatment was analyzed after a minimum of eight procedures. A partial response to treatment in individuals with CTCL, was more than 50% skin improvement, and GVHD, a reduction in steroid dose by 50%, liver function test improvement or documented improvement in skin findings.ResultsOf the 34 patients treated, 11 were for CTCL and 23 for GVHD. 95.8% of the 1,071 planned procedures were successfully. The average procedure time was 186 min for the UVAR‐XTSTM and 93 min for the CELLEXTM. Patients travelled a median of 65.7 miles (range 4–133 miles). The median duration of therapy was 6 months (range 2–23) for CTCL and 5 months (range 1–27) for GVHD. A clinical benefit was observed in 7 of 11 (63.6%) patients with CTCL and in 15 of 23 (65.2%) with GVHD.ConclusionOur regional ECP program was a viable option in improving access to care for patients requiring treatment for CTCL and chronic GVHD. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:359–363, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Satisfaction and Functional Outcome with “Self-Care” for the Management of Fifth Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Gamble David , Jenkins Paul J. , Edge Martyn J. , Gilmour Alisdair , Anthony Iain C. , Nugent Margaret , Rymaszewski Lech A. 
Published: February 2015

Background Fifth metacarpal fractures are common and comprise a significant proportion of traditional orthopaedic fracture clinic workload. We reviewed the functional outcome and the satisfaction of patients managed with a new protocol that promoted “self-care” and resulted in the discharge of most of these patients from the emergency department with no further follow-up. Methods A retrospective study was performed of patients discharged with a fifth metacarpal fracture between April 2012 to October 2012. A postal questionnaire was sent to each patient, followed by a telephone call. Patient-reported outcome measures (EQ-5D, QuickDASH) and patient satisfaction were assessed. Of the 167 patients eligible for the study, 5 were excluded. Of the remaining 162, 64 were uncontactable or declined to participate. The mean follow-up time was 21.6 months (SD 1.9, range 18.1 to 24.7). Results The median EQ-5D health index score was 0.87 (IQR 0.74 to 1.00), and the median QuickDASH score was 2.3 (IQR 0 to 6.8). Seventy-nine (80.6 %) patients were satisfied with the outcome of their injury, while 83 (84.9 %) reported being satisfied with the process. There was no difference between those with a fracture or those without a fracture in EQ-5D ( p=0.307) or QuickDASH ( p=0.820). Conclusion Fifth metacarpal fractures can be managed effectively through an Emergency Department protocol without any formal orthopaedic follow-up. This pathway lead to excellent patient-reported outcome measures and patient satisfaction. This protocol has reduced unnecessary hospital attendances for patients and increased the time available for clinicians to deal with more challenging injuries.
Oxidation Rates of Triacylglycerol and Ethyl Ester Fish Oils
Authors: Sullivan Ritter Jenna C. , Budge Suzanne M. , Jovica Fabiola , Reid Anna‐Jean M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFish oil is available primarily as triacylglycerols (TAG) or ethyl esters (EE). Anecdotal evidence suggests that TAG have superior bioavailability and oxidative stability compared to EE. In this work, peroxide value (PV) and p‐anisidine value (AV) were used to monitor oxidation in commercially available TAG and EE fish oils incubated at temperatures from 5 to 60 °C. Pseudo first‐order kinetics were assumed and rate constants were calculated for each temperature. At all temperatures, the rates of oxidation were higher for EE oils than TAG oils. For PV and AV measured in both oils, non‐linear Arrhenius models were plotted, generating activation energies that ranged from 7 to 103 and 2 to 159 kJ/mol for PV and AV, respectively. Although TAG were more resistant to oxidation than EE, they had lower activation energies (Ea) at ≤15 °C for reactions measured with PV and AV. The Ea for EE was negative at temperatures ≥45 °C, indicating that reaction rate was influenced by factors in addition to temperature.
Riots and Rights: Law and Exclusion in Singapore’s Migrant Worker Regime
Authors: NEO Jaclyn L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article examines the legal framework regulating unskilled and low-skilled migrant workers in Singapore. It argues that the current legal framework discriminates against these migrant workers and conceptualizes them as undesirable for inclusion in the wider society. This, it is contended, is premised on the assumption that migrant workers could be sequestered from the local population to some extent. This article provides some challenges to this assumption, highlighting instead some of the broader social and political consequences of this exclusionary legal framework. Consequently, it is argued that a more inclusive and integrationist approach is needed, and some positive developments are highlighted.
Microbial community successional patterns in beach sands impacted by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: Rodriguez-R Luis M , Overholt Will A , Hagan Christopher , Huettel Markus , Kostka Joel E , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Although petroleum hydrocarbons discharged from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) blowout were shown to have a pronounced impact on indigenous microbial communities in the Gulf of Mexico, effects on nearshore or coastal ecosystems remain understudied. This study investigated the successional patterns of functional and taxonomic diversity for over 1 year after the DWH oil was deposited on Pensacola Beach sands (FL, USA), using metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene amplicon techniques. Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria were enriched in oiled sediments, in corroboration of previous studies. In contrast to previous studies, we observed an increase in the functional diversity of the community in response to oil contamination and a functional transition from generalist populations within 4 months after oil came ashore to specialists a year later, when oil was undetectable. At the latter time point, a typical beach community had reestablished that showed little to no evidence of oil hydrocarbon degradation potential, was enriched in archaeal taxa known to be sensitive to xenobiotics, but differed significantly from the community before the oil spill. Further, a clear succession pattern was observed, where early responders to oil contamination, likely degrading aliphatic hydrocarbons, were replaced after 3 months by populations capable of aromatic hydrocarbon decomposition. Collectively, our results advance the understanding of how natural benthic microbial communities respond to crude oil perturbation, supporting the specialization-disturbance hypothesis; that is, the expectation that disturbance favors generalists, while providing (microbial) indicator species and genes for the chemical evolution of oil hydrocarbons during degradation and weathering.
Misfit accommodation mechanism at the heterointerface between diamond and cubic boron nitride
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Wang Zhongchang , Kato Takeharu , Shibata Naoya , Taniguchi Takashi , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDiamond and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) are the top two hardest materials on the Earth. Clarifying how the two seemingly incompressible materials can actually join represents one of the most challenging issues in materials science. Here we apply the temperature gradient method to grow the c-BN single crystals on diamond and report a successful epitaxial growth. By transmission electron microscopy, we reveal a novel misfit accommodation mechanism for a {111} diamond/c-BN heterointerface, that is, lattice misfit can be accommodated by continuous stacking fault networks, which are connected by periodically arranged hexagonal dislocation loops. The loops are found to comprise six 60° Shockley partial dislocations. Atomically, the carbon in diamond bonds directly to boron in c-BN at the interface, which electronically induces a two-dimensional electron gas and a quasi-1D electrical conductivity. Our findings point to the existence of a novel misfit accommodation mechanism associated with the superhard materials.
Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Observational Studies
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Song , Chen Runsen , Tong Xing , Wu Zeyu , Mo Xuming 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding the association between maternal folic acid supplementation and the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, a meta-analysis of the association between maternal folic acid supplementation and CHDs in offspring has not been conducted. We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for articles cataloged between their inceptions and October 10, 2014 and identified relevant published studies that assessed the association between maternal folate supplementation and the risk of CHDs. Study-specific relative risk estimates were pooled using random-effects or fixed-effects models. Out of the 1,606 articles found in our initial literature searches, a total of 1 randomized controlled trial, 1 cohort study and 16 case-control studies were included in our final meta-analysis. The overall results of this meta-analysis provide evidence that maternal folate supplementation is associated with a significantly decreased risk of CHDs (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.63–0.82). Statistically significant heterogeneity was detected (Q= 82.48,P< 0.001,I2= 79.4%). We conducted stratified and meta-regression analyses to identify the origin of the heterogeneity among the studies and a Galbraith plot was generated to graphically assess the sources of heterogeneity. This meta-analysis provides a robust estimate of the positive association between maternal folate supplementation and a decreased risk of CHDs.
MDR1 siRNA loaded hyaluronic acid-based CD44 targeted nanoparticle systems circumvent paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Yang Xiaoqian , lyer Arun K. , Singh Amit , Choy Edwin , Hornicek Francis J. , Amiji Mansoor M. , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDevelopment of multidrug resistance (MDR) is an almost universal phenomenon in patients with ovarian cancer and this severely limits the ultimate success of chemotherapy in the clinic. Overexpression of the MDR1 gene and corresponding P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is one of the best known MDR mechanisms. MDR1 siRNA based strategies were proposed to circumvent MDR, however, systemic, safe and effective targeted delivery is still a major challenge. Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) targeted hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanoparticle has been shown to successfully deliver chemotherapy agents or siRNAs into tumor cells. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of HA-PEI/HA-PEG to deliver MDR1 siRNA and the efficacy of the combination of HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA with paclitaxel to suppress growth of ovarian cancer. We observed that HA-PEI/HA-PEG nanoparticles can efficiently deliver MDR1 siRNA into MDR ovarian cancer cells, resulting in down-regulation of MDR1 and Pgp expression. Administration of HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA nanoparticles followed by paclitaxel treatment induced a significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth, decreased Pgp expression and increased apoptosis in MDR ovarian cancer mice model. Our findings suggest that CD44 targeted HA-PEI/HA-PEG/MDR1 siRNA nanoparticles can serve as a therapeutic tool with great potentials to circumvent MDR in ovarian cancer.