bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Sharing and Factors Influencing Sharing in Libraries — A Pilot Study on the Knowledge Sharing Attributes of the Education City Library Community in Qatar
Authors: Kumaresan S. C. , Swrooprani B. S. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose — The purpose of this pilot study is to understand the knowledge sharing attributes of the librarians in the Education City libraries and to identify the impending factors that affect the sharing process. This pilot study is part of a country wide study on the aspects of knowledge sharing in libraries. Findings — The results showed that library professionals in the Education City, Qatar were involved in a lot of knowledge sharing activities among colleagues within their library and other libraries. The result also identifies the knowledge sources and with whom they share what. It was also found that cultural differences, language and library policies are important factors that have impacted significantly the flow of knowledge in the expatriate library community. Research limitations/implications — The coverage on the universities in this paper is confined primarily to Education City, where majority of the universities are present. However, future research could include the few other universities/colleges that are out of the ambit of Education City to have a wider population in the study. Practical implications — This paper has practical implications for those who are not fully aware of the working conditions in this region and Qatar in particular. It provides a useful overview of the knowledge sharing trends and requirements and the impediments to sharing vital knowledge that would help professionals in gaining some knowledge about the constraints and be prepared. Originality/Value — There are no previous studies undertaken on knowledge sharing among library professionals in this region. This is the first ever study undertaken to understand the knowledge sharing attributes and trends among librarians in Qatar. So this study would be in the interest of all the library professionals that are contemplating an international career in this region and also understand the cultural and other differences when they arrive.
Hyperlipidemia Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Angiogenesis, Impairs Cerebral Blood Flow, and Disturbs Stroke Recovery via Decreased Pericyte Coverage of Brain Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zechariah Anil , ElAli Ayman , Hagemann Nina , Jin Fengyan , Doeppner Thorsten Roland , Helfrich Iris , Mies Günter , Hermann Dirk Matthias 
Published: April 2013

Objective—
Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at the promotion of vascular growth, usually under conditions of atherosclerosis. It was unknown how hyperlipidemia, a risk factor that is closely associated with atherosclerosis of brain vessels in humans, influences vascular endothelial growth factor–induced angiogenesis and stroke recovery.

Approach and Results—

Wild-type and apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)
−/−
mice were kept on regular or cholesterol-rich diet for mimicking different severities of hyperlipidemia. Mice were treated intracerebroventricularly with recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor for 21 days (0.02 µg/d) and subsequently subjected to 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 1 or 24 hours of reperfusion. Histochemical, autoradiographic, and regional bioluminescence techniques were used to evaluate effects of blood lipids on postischemic angiogenesis, histopathologic brain injury, cerebral blood flow, protein synthesis and energy state, and pericyte coverage of brain endothelial cells. Hyperlipidemia dose-dependently attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor–induced capillary formation and pericyte coverage of brain endothelial cells, abolishing the improvement of cerebral blood flow during subsequent stroke, resulting in the loss of the metabolic penumbra and increased brain infarction. The enhanced angiogenesis after vascular endothelial growth factor treatment was accompanied by increased expression of the adhesion protein N-cadherin, which mediates endothelial-pericytic interactions, in ischemic brain microvessels of wild-type mice on regular diet that was blunted in wild-type mice on Western diet and ApoE
−/−
mice on either diet.

Conclusions—
The compromised vessel formation and hemodynamics question the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic stroke where hyperlipidemia is highly prevalent.
Antithrombotic Effect of Antisense Factor XI Oligonucleotide Treatment in Primates
Authors: Crosby Jeffrey R. , Marzec Ulla , Revenko Alexey S. , Zhao Chenguang , Gao Dacao , Matafonov Anton , Gailani David , MacLeod A. Robert , Tucker Erik I. , Gruber Andras , Hanson Stephen R. , Monia Brett P. 
Published: April 2013

Objective—
During coagulation, factor IX (FIX) is activated by 2 distinct mechanisms mediated by the active proteases of either FVIIa or FXIa. Both coagulation factors may contribute to thrombosis; FXI, however, plays only a limited role in the arrest of bleeding. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of FXI may produce an antithrombotic effect with relatively low hemostatic risk.

Approach and Results—
We have reported that reducing FXI levels with FXI antisense oligonucleotides produces antithrombotic activity in mice, and that administration of FXI antisense oligonucleotides to primates decreases circulating FXI levels and activity in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Here, we evaluated the relationship between FXI plasma levels and thrombogenicity in an established baboon model of thrombosis and hemostasis. In previous studies with this model, antibody-induced inhibition of FXI produced potent antithrombotic effects. In the present article, antisense oligonucleotides–mediated reduction of FXI plasma levels by ≥50% resulted in a demonstrable and sustained antithrombotic effect without an increased risk of bleeding.

Conclusions—
These results indicate that reducing FXI levels using antisense oligonucleotides is a promising alternative to direct FXI inhibition, and that targeting FXI may be potentially safer than conventional antithrombotic therapies that can markedly impair primary hemostasis.
Mitochondria Oxidative Stress, Connexin43 Remodeling, and Sudden Arrhythmic Death
Authors: Sovari Ali A. , Rutledge Cody A. , Jeong Euy-Myoung , Dolmatova Elena , Arasu Divya , Liu Hong , Vahdani Nooshin , Gu Lianzhi , Zandieh Shadi , Xiao Lei , Bonini Marcelo G. , Duffy Heather S. , Dudley Samuel C. 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Previously, we showed that a mouse model (ACE8/8) of cardiac renin–angiotensin system activation has a high rate of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death secondary to a reduction in connexin43 level. Angiotensin-II activation increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and ACE8/8 mice show increased cardiac ROS. We sought to determine the source of ROS and whether ROS played a role in the arrhythmogenesis.

Methods and Results—

Wild-type and ACE8/8 mice with and without 2 weeks of treatment with L-NIO (NO synthase inhibitor), sepiapterin (precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin), MitoTEMPO (mitochondria-targeted antioxidant), TEMPOL (a general antioxidant), apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor), allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor), and ACE8/8 crossed with P67 dominant negative mice to inhibit the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase were studied. Western blotting, detection of mitochondrial ROS by MitoSOX Red, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescent dye diffusion technique for functional assessment of connexin43, telemetry monitoring, and in vivo electrophysiology studies were performed. Treatment with MitoTEMPO reduced sudden cardiac death in ACE8/8 mice (from 74% to 18%;
P
<0.005), decreased spontaneous ventricular premature beats, decreased ventricular tachycardia inducibility (from 90% to 17%;
P
<0.05), diminished elevated mitochondrial ROS to the control level, prevented structural damage to mitochondria, resulted in 2.6-fold increase in connexin43 level at the gap junctions, and corrected gap junction conduction. None of the other antioxidant therapies prevented ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death in ACE8/8 mice.

Conclusions—
Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a central role in angiotensin II–induced gap junction remodeling and arrhythmia. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be effective antiarrhythmic drugs in cases of renin–angiotensin system activation.
Alteration in Abundance and Compartmentalization of Inflammation-Related miRNAs in Plasma After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Guo Dong , Liu Junni , Wang Weihua , Hao Fang , Sun Xuedong , Wu Xiao , Bu Peili , Zhang Yun , Liu Yu , Liu Fengqing , Zhang Qunye , Jiang Fan 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
We tested the hypothesis that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) present in plasma might display a specific signature in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
Global miRNA profiles were determined with the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray platform, and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results—
A subset of 30 miRNAs were selectively upregulated in both male and female patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Network analysis revealed that the most significantly overrepresented biological process associated with these miRNAs was inflammation. Unlike the plasma miRNAs in healthy controls, which were detected exclusively in the microvesicle fraction, the deregulated plasma miRNAs after intracerebral hemorrhage were present in both the microvesicle and the supernatant fractions.

Conclusions—
Intracerebral hemorrhage altered both the abundance and the compartmentalization of several inflammation-related miRNAs in plasma.
Developmental Stage, Scribal Lapse, or Physical Defect? 1QIsaa’s Damaged Exemplar for Isaiah Chapters 34–66
Authors: Longacre Drew 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Great Isaiah Scroll from Qumran (1QIsaa) does not generally reflect a text form earlier than the Masoretic text. Instead, the convergence in 1QIsaa of patterns of spacing irregularities, literary and textual problems, and secondary supplementations, as well as a consistent pattern of distribution, are best explained on the basis of the hypothesis of an exemplar for chapters 34–66 with a damaged bottom edge. Upon reaching the defective edge in each column of his exemplar, the scribe dealt with any lacunose or illegible text in one of two ways before continuing with the unaffected text at the top of the subsequent exemplar column. Sometimes he left blank spaces in his new copy to be filled in with the correct text from other manuscripts at a later time. At other times he attempted full or partial reconstructions of the text based on whatever text remained legible in the damaged exemplar, memory, and contextual clues.
Inequalities of health insurance guidelines for the treatment of symptomatic varicose veins
Authors: Schul M W , King T , Kabnick L S 
Published: April 2013

Objectives The emerging model of US healthcare delivery is aimed at reducing costs, standardizing care, and improving outcomes. Although it is necessary for healthcare providers and insurance carriers to work together to achieve those goals, insurers have the added duty of assuring physicians and patients that they comprehend the medical evidence and, based on that understanding, construct policies. Are US insurers meeting that responsibility or are they simply creating policies to serve their own needs? Methods The medical policies of several US health insurers were analysed. The goal was to see whether it could readily be determined if these carriers used evidence-based medicine consistently to create uniform policies for the treatment of patients with symptomatic varicose veins. The literature was also reviewed to determine whether increased insurance documentation requirements have affected cost reduction, standardization of care and/or improvement of outcomes related to chronic vein disease management. Results There is a dramatic lack of uniformity among the insurance policies reviewed. Insurers appear to not choose important papers to create policy but use carefully chosen articles to reinforce what they want their policies to say. In so doing, conflicting policy criteria are being created. Complicating this inconsistency, rules for medical necessity are modified frequently, raising frustration levels among vein providers and their patients. What is clear is that costs are not being lowered, care is not being standardized and little is being done to prevent potential complications resulting from chronic vein disease. Conclusions Patients and physicians are increasingly ill-served by, and frustrated with, the clear lack of consistency in the medical policy criteria being created by US insurance carriers in covering the treatment of patients with symptomatic varicose veins. The contradictory coverage requirements, seemingly based on no understanding of evidence-based medicine guidelines, and total variability in reimbursement for various types of treatment options is particularly worrisome. Collaboration between venous treatment providers and insurance carriers, to create evidence-based standards of care, would be timely and beneficial in creating guidelines for optimal patient care.
The experiences of patients with ascites secondary to cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Day Rebecca , Mitchell Theresa , Keen Alison , Perkins Paul 
Published: April 2013

Background: Ascites secondary to cancer has a dramatic effect on all aspects of patients’ lives. Healthcare professional surveys have shown that there is considerable variation in the management of ascites. Aim: To explore patients’ experiences of living with ascites and its management. Design: Qualitative research study using digitally recorded semi-structured interviews. Setting/participants: Twelve adult patients with ascites who, between them, had undergone 47 paracentesis procedures in hospitals and/or specialist palliative care units in Southern England. Results: Symptoms were pain, discomfort and effects on appetite, digestion, breathing and mobility. All participants had experienced paracentesis in hospital or a specialist palliative care unit, and these experiences differed. They had views on what constituted a good procedure: setting, competence and pain control. They reported rapid improvement of symptoms after paracentesis. While some did not like the idea of a semi-permanent drain, those with them appreciated the convenience and not having to wait for repeated admissions or the recurrence of symptoms. The interval between ascitic taps was seen as a useful guide as to when a semi-permanent drain should be offered. Participants had mixed views on participation in a hypothetical randomised controlled trial of repeated ascitic taps versus semi-permanent drains. Conclusion: Patients’ experiences of ascites management are variable and could be improved. These experiences can inform healthcare professionals. They have views on when semi-permanent drains should be offered and future research.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Preoperative Imaging of the Plantar Plate
Authors: Klein Erin E. , Weil Lowell , Weil Lowell Scott , Knight Jessica 
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare preoperative findings on musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation to observed intraoperative findings for patients undergoing surgical correction of plantar plate tears. Fifty consecutive patients with forefoot pain and a suspected unilateral plantar plate tear at the second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were identified. The same examiner performed a 2-plane (longitudinal and transverse) musculoskeletal ultrasound on the painful second MTP joint. The contralateral second MTP joint was used for comparison. Longitudinal ultrasound images were graded as “torn” or “intact.” Transverse ultrasound images were used to localize the suspected pathology. Results of the ultrasound were compared with observed intraoperative pathology. Forty-five plantar plate tears were identified intraoperatively. Longitudinal ultrasound images correctly identified 40 plantar plate tears. The longitudinal ultrasound had a sensitivity of 91.1%, a specificity of 25%, a positive predictive value of 91.1%, and a negative predictive value of 25%. Transverse ultrasound images identified 36 plantar plate tears correctly localizing only 19 tears. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has been widely used to identify and localize pathology in many soft tissue structures. Whereas the longitudinal ultrasound images were useful in identifying plantar plate tears, the same cannot be said about the ability to localize the tear on the transverse ultrasound images. Therefore, ultrasound may not be as good an imaging modality as magnetic resonance imaging for identification and localization of plantar plate pathology. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level II
Naive B-cell trafficking is shaped by local chemokine availability and LFA-1–independent stromal interactions
Authors: Coelho Fernanda M. , Natale Daniela , Soriano Silvia F. , Hons Miroslav , Swoger Jim , Mayer Jürgen , Danuser Renzo , Scandella Elke , Pieczyk Markus , Zerwes Hans-Günter , Junt Tobias , Sailer Andreas W. , Ludewig Burkhard , Sharpe James , Figge Marc Thilo , Stein Jens V. 
Published: April 2013

Key PointsCXCR5, but not CXCR4 or CCR7, acts with LFA-1 to mediate random B-cell migration in the T-cell area and B-cell follicles. In contrast, stromal guidance during B-cell migration is LFA-1 independent and CXCR5 independent.
Gβγ-mediated activation of protein kinase D exhibits subunit specificity and requires Gβγ-responsive phospholipase Cβ isoforms
Authors: Lau Winnie WI , Chan Anthony SL , Poon Lydia SW , Zhu Jing , Wong Yung H 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundProtein kinase D (PKD) constitutes a novel family of serine/threonine protein kinases implicated in fundamental biological activities including cell proliferation, survival, migration, and immune responses. Activation of PKD in these cellular activities has been linked to many extracellular signals acting through antigen receptor engagement, receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as G protein-coupled receptors. In the latter case, it is generally believed that the Gα subunits of the Gqfamily are highly effective in mediating PKD activation, whereas little is known with regard to the ability of Gβγ dimers and other Gα subunits to stimulate PKD. It has been suggested that the interaction between Gβγ and the PH domain of PKD, or the Gβγ-induced PLCβ/PKC activity is critical for the induction of PKD activation. However, the relative contribution of these two apparently independent events to Gβγ-mediated PKD activation has yet to be addressed.ResultsIn this report, we demonstrate that among various members in the four G protein families, only the Gα subunits of the Gqfamily effectively activate all the three PKD isoforms (PKD1/2/3), while Gα subunits of other G protein families (Gs, Gi, and G12) are ineffective. Though the Gα subunits of Gifamily are unable to stimulate PKD, receptors linked to Giproteins are capable of triggering PKD activation in cell lines endogenously expressing (HeLa cells and Jurkat T-cells) or exogenously transfected with (HEK293 cells) Gβγ-sensitive PLCβ2/3isoforms. This indicates that the Gi-mediated PKD activation is dependent on the released Gβγ dimers upon stimulation. Further investigation on individual Gβγ combinations (i.e. Gβ1with Gγ1–13) revealed that, even if they can stimulate the PLCβ activity in a comparable manner, only those Gβ1γ dimers with γ2, γ3, γ4, γ5, γ7, and γ10can serve as effective activators of PKD. We also demonstrated that Gi-mediated PKD activation is essential for the SDF-1α-induced chemotaxis on Jurkat T-cells.ConclusionsOur current report illustrates that Gβγ dimers from the Giproteins may activate PKD in a PLCβ2/3-dependent manner, and the specific identities of Gγ components within Gβγ dimers may determine this stimulatory action.
Comparison of polystyrene nanoparticles and UV-inactivated antigen-displaying adenovirus for vaccine delivery in mice
Authors: Johrden Lena , Tenbusch Matthias , Lietz Ruth , Bonsmann Michael Storcksdieck genannt , Niezold Thomas , Wildner Oliver , Bayer Wibke 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Inert nanoparticles are attracting attention as carriers for protein-based vaccines. Here we evaluate the immunogenicity of the model antigen ovalbumin delivered on polystyrene particles and directly compare particulate delivery with adenovirus-based immunization.

Findings
Mice were vaccinated with soluble ovalbumin, ovalbumin-coated polystyrene particles of different sizes, or an adenovirus-based expression-display vector that encodes and displays a pIX-ovalbumin fusion protein. Antibody responses were clearly higher when ovalbumin was administered on polystyrene particles compared to soluble protein administration, regardless of the particle size. Compared to adenovirus-based immunization, antibody levels were lower if an equivalent amount of protein was delivered, and no cellular immune response was detectable.

Conclusions
We demonstrate in a side-by-side comparison that inert nanoparticles allow for the reduction of the administered antigen amount compared to immunization with soluble protein and induce strongly enhanced antibody responses, but responses are lower compared to adenovirus-based immunization.
Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma: a retrospect of four cases
Authors: Zhang Mi , Liu Xiaohong , Song Zhigang , Zou Liangjian , Xiang Bo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objective
We have reviewed the medical histories of 4 patients who underwent operations between November 2004 and February 2011 at Changhai Hospital for cardiac papillary fibroelastoma.

Methods
Diagnosis was demonstrably suggested by echocardiography. Tumor locations were mitral valve (1), left atrium (1), and aortic valve (2). Indications for operation were previous cerebrovascular accident for the mitral tumor, incidental apopsychia and giant mobile mass for the left atrium, ingravescent chest tightness and palpitations for the first aortic tumor, and severe regurgitation of aortic valve for the second aortic tumor. The study was approved by the Changhai Hospital Ethics Committee, and the consent from the patients or their immediate family was obtained.

Results
Surgical excision with necessary valve replacement operations was performed in all cases. All patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries. No evidence of regurgitation or recurrence was seen on echocardiography at follow-up.

Conclusions
Despite their histologically benign aspect, cardiac papillary fibroelastomas should be removed because of potential embolic complications.