bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes in Pregnancy on Stage II Lactogenesis among Postpartum Diabetic Women Compared to Non-Diabetics
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , Eid Yara Mohamed , Ahmad Gihan Fouad , Ali Hendawy Laila Mahmoud , Mobarez Muhammad Manar Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetes in pregnancy -whether preexisting or gestational can have negative impact on pregnancy, labor and lactation. Infants of diabetic mothers benefit most from early establishment of breastfeeding as it helps them regulate their blood glucose levels on the short term and decrease their risk of developing diabetes later on life.

Aim of the Work
This study aims to compare diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women regarding the onset of stage II lactogenesis at 72 hours postpartum and to associate the degree of diabetes control in antepartum period with the delay in stage II of lactogenesis.

Subjects and Methods
This study is an observational prospective cohort study, carried out on 203 pregnant women aged from 18 to 40 years old during their routine antenatal care visits in the third trimester of pregnancy at Ain-Shams University Maternity hospital outpatient clinic from December 2020 to August 2021, Cairo, Egypt.

Results
We found that Diabetes in pregnancy can cause a delay in the onset of Lactogenesis stage II regardless of the degree of control. We can also say that diabetes can affect lactation directly and indirectly. For example, Diabetes can cause higher rates of cesarean section, infant separation from mother and delayed initiation of first breastfeed which was found to cause DOLII. And early initiation of lactation can be a modifiable risk factor to protect from DOLII especially in Diabetic mothers.

Conclusion
Diabetes can cause series of unfortunate events in pregnancy, labor, and lactation. Many of diabetes implications on peripartum health can affect lactation directly and indirectly. For example, Diabetes can cause higher rates of cesarean section, infant separation from mother, delayed initiation of first breastfeed and other birth complications. All these can cause DOL II. Diabetes itself is a risk factor for delayed onset of lactogenesis II which can cause further neonatal hypoglycemia and/or early introduction of infant formula. The cascade of these events can hinder the breastfeeding establishment when it is most needed. The control of diabetes was not found to have impact on DOL II. Further research needs to be done in this regard. Early initiation of lactation can be a modifiable risk factor to protect from DOLII especially in Diabetic mothers.
Comparative Study Evaluating the Effect of the Administration of Vitamin K1 versus Placebo on Vascular Calcification in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kamel Sherry Reda , Mohamed Mohamed Saeed , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed , Nabil Mohamed Heba Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular calcification is a risk factor and contributor to morbidity and mortality in End stage kidney disease patients. Cardiovascular calcification is most likely due to an imbalance of promoters (e.g. Calcium and phosphate) and inhibitors (e.g. fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein).

Aim of the Work
We aimed to study the effect of oral vitamin k1 on serum carboxylated Matrix gla protein in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and to study its effect as an important marker of vascular calcification.

Patients and Methods
This Placebo Controlled clinical trial was conducted for 3 months on 80 adult ESRD patients on regular Hemodialysis randomly allocated into 2 groups of either vitamin K1 versus oral placebo tablet administration for 3 months. Patients in both groups were age and sex matched, study group included 18 (45%) males and 22 (55%) females with mean age ± SD 47.350 ± 14.420 years, while the placebo group included 16 (40%) males and 24 (60%) with mean age ± SD 49.500 ± 14.509 years, with no significant difference between both groups as regard demographic data, access of hemodialysis, and duration of Hemodialysis.

Results
There was no significant change in bone parameters (serum Ca, PO4 & Ca/PO4 product) after 3 months of vit K1 administration compared to baseline in the study group. Serum phosphorus levels showed a minimal, yet statistically significant decrease after 3 months of placebo administration, this might be attributed to the different doses of PO4 binders in patients of both groups. Consequently, Ca/ PO4 product showed a statistically significant decrease after 3 months of placebo administration (P = 0.002), mostly attributed to the significant decrease in serum phosphorus in the same group over the same period. We observed that serum MGP levels significantly increased after administration of vitamin k1 in study group (P &lt; 0.001) with 78.05% increase. However, a much lower increase, yet statistically significant increase in serum MGP level was noticed in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.001) with 40.60 % increase. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to their risk factors regarding smoking, HTN, HCV, DM, and ISHD.

Conclusion
We concluded that Oral vitamin K1 therapy significantly increased serum active form of Matrix GLA protein levels among hemodialysis patients with potential decrease in cardiovascular calcification and cardiovascular diseases.
Changes in Serum Oncostatin M Levels During Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: El-Latif Mohamed Hatem Abd , Abo Halima Ahmed Samir , El-Rahman Ahmed Ghada Abd , Ali Elshaarawy Mohamed Elsayed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) consist of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). They are characterized by a chronic relapsing and remitting disease course that results in intestinal symptoms but also frequently in extra-intestinal manifestations. Among potential targets and biomarkers, oncostatin M (OSM) has gained a lot of interest. OSM is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. It is considered proinflammatory given its ability to promote leukocyte recruitment.

Objective
To evaluate the changes in serum Oncostatin M levels during treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients and Methods
To elucidate this aim 30 IBD patients and 30 controls were included in this study.

Results
The mean Oncostatin M in IBD cases before treatment was 120.13 while after treatment was 91.17 with high significant difference. There was high statistical correlation in between Fecal Calprotectin Level after treatment and Oncostatin M After Treatment. The relation between UC, CD and Oncostatin level before and after treatment shows high statistical significant difference. There was no statistical relation in between Oncostatin level (after treatemnt) and type of treatment. That there was a high statistically significant difference in between cases and control group regarding to HB, WBCs, ESR, CRP, Urea, ALT, Oncostatin M and a statistically significant difference in between cases and control group regarding to Platelets.

Conclusion
Oncostatin M is a promising marker for the diagnosis and follow up of IBD patients, however it has a limited predictive performance for the prediction of the response for IBD treatment.
Diagnostic Role of Serum Chitinase 3 Like Protein 1 as Potential Marker for Fibrosis Assessment in Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Elsaeed Kadry Mohamed , Allam Ahmed Samir , Megahed Ahmed Sherif Ahmed , Warsame Omar Mohamoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The main objective of this research was to study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum chitinase-3 like protein-1 (CHI3L1) in comparison with transient elastography (TE) and non- invasive indirect serum indices (Fib-4 and APRI) for the prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods
The current cross-sectional was carried out on 30 individuals with CHB who attended the viral hepatitis unit outpatient clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, from Aug-2021 to Mar-2022. The primary outcome measures are the correlation of CHI3L1 level to TE, Fib-4, and APRI and calculating the sensitivity and specificity.

Results
The mean age of CHB cases enrolled was 41.60 ± 11.68 years. Male accounted for 21(70%) of cases. The serum level of CHI3L1 was statistically significantly higher in the enrolled patients' group (CHB) median (IQR): 317.5 (300 – 380) ng/ml than healthy control group 28 (25 – 35) with a p-value &lt;0.001. The results of the current study showed a highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) positive correlation (r = +0.702) between CHI3L1 and TE. However, no statistically significant correlations have been found between the level of CHI3L1 and either Fib-4 or APRI. CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in CHB patients with significant hepatic fibrosis than in those without significant fibrosis in our study. ROC curve shows that CHI3L1 at the cut-off &gt; 307.5 can differentiate between patients with significant fibrosis and patients with no or mild fibrosis according to TE with a sensitivity of 85.5%, specificity of 62.5%, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.96). Our study showed that significant fibrosis had been found more in older age. The higher the CHI3L1 serum levels, the higher the degree of hepatic fibrosis.

Conclusion
In conclusion, as the CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in CHB patients with significant hepatic fibrosis than in those without significant fibrosis, the beneficial effect of CHI3L1 for the prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection has some evidence.
Study of Plasma Pentraxin Levels as a Novel Marker versus Liver Stiffness for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Gadallah Shaimaa Husein , Badawy Hanan Mahmoud , Mohammed Eslam Safwt , Hassan Hanan Emam , Ghait Ramy Samir , Ghait Shady Samir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a variety of histopathological findings ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can only be differentiated by liver biopsy. There is yet no unique biomarker found to discriminate NASH from simple steatosis. We aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and liver elasticity measured by fibroscan both with the degree of liver damage in NAFLD.

Methods
Plasma PTX3 levels & fibroscan measurements were estimated in 60 patients with NAFLD (30 with NASH, 30 with non-NASH) and 20 controls

Results
PTX3 levels were found significantly higher in the NAFLD group than in the control group (3.59 ± 1.77 vs. 1.16 + –0.29 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001), and in NASH subgroup than non-NASH subgroup (4.97 + –1.36 vs. 21 + –.75 ng/mL, P = 0.001). To discriminate NASH from non-NASH PTX3 had 96.67% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity at the cutoff value of 3.1 ng/mL. Plasma PTX3 levels showed no significant correlation with NAFLD activity score, fibrosis stage and steatosis.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated markedly higher PTX3 levels in NAFLD patients compared with controls, and in NASH patients compared with non-NASH ones and no correlation wih fibroscan stages. Thus, in this cohort we showed that plasma PTX3 may be a promising biomarker for the presence of NASH.
Evaluation of Thyroid functions in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease in a Sample of Egyptian Populations
Authors: Bahaa Eldin Ahmed Mohamed , Shafik David Ezzat , Sabry Inas Mohammed , El Rouf Raafat Manar Abdl , Ali Mahmoud Hanan Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In most cases, hypothyroidism is not linked to kidney disease. However, hypothyroidism has been shown to hasten the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Aim of the Work
to evaluate thyroid abnormalities in patients with end stage renal disease in a sample of Egyptian populations.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted with 70 Egyptian Patients selected from Nephrology department in Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, in a case control study, they were categorized into 2 groups Group 1: Stage V renal disease group (n = 40): patients with eGFR &lt;15 mL/min with no history of thyroid disease or receiving any thyroid medications. Group 2: Age and sex matched health population group (n = 30): with normal renal function with no history of thyroid disease or receiving any thyroid medications. All subjects underwent full thyroid profile, and estimated GFR.

Results
Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction were more frequent in end stage group, the difference statistically were significant only in muscle weakness. TSH was statistically significantly higher in cases with hypothyroidism. TGABs were statistically significantly higher in cases with hypothyroidism. Antimicrosomal antibodies recorded only in hypothyroid cases, the differences were statistically significant. FT3, TSH, TGABs and thyroid volume statistically had perfect diagnostic performance in diagnosing hypothyroidism among end stage renal disease group.

Conclusion
Frequency of hypothyroidism was higher in end stage renal disease patients compared to control group. So, it is important to keep monitoring thyroid functions in patients with advanced renal impairment that may enhance quality of life.
Value of Zonulin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bioumy Essam Mohamed , Sayed Motaz Mohamed , Sabry Mohamed Manal , Eskandaros Moheb Sharaby , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Emam Abdelmomen Momen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple fat accumulation in the hepatocytes (hepatic steatosis), to liver inflammation and hepatocytes injury (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) with increasing levels of fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of chronic liver diseases. Zonulin is considered a marker of intestinal permeability.

Aim and Objectives
to study the value of zonulin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in different degrees of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Steatosis, Steatohepatitis, Cirrhosis) in patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus.

Subjects and Methods
This was Case control study, was conducted in Ain-Shams University Hospitals Internal medicine& Gastroenterology department and bariatric surgery unit over 60 subjects divided into 3 groups:(Group A): 20 Patients have mild NASH, (Group B): 20 Patients have moderate to severe NASH, (Group C): 20 Healthy controls, during a period 1 year.

Result
There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Zonulin concentration.

Conclusion
serum zonulin concentration is increased in patients with NAFLD and correlates with the severity of steatosis. However, the cross-sectional design of our study precludes the establishment of causal or temporal relationships between increased zonulin concentrations and severity of steatosis and the presence of NASH. Follow up studies may be helpful in elucidating the cause-and effect relations and the underlying mechanisms.
Micro-RNA in a Sample of Egyptian Patients with Incidental Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Maged Mohamed , El Nahas Nevine , Aref Hany , Kilany Ayman , Hamid Eman , Fathy Mai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes great disability at increasing age such as cognitive impairment, gait and sphincteric problems affecting a person’s quality of life. That is why it’s important to detect and manage early. The aim of this study is to investigate certain micro-RNA in Egyptian patients with CSVD.

Methods
Thirty patients with CSVD were compared to thirty controls undergoing assessment for cognitive, gait and sphincteric control together with MRI brain and blood sampling for miRNA (miR-409-3p, miR-502-3p, miR-486-5p and miR-451a).

Results
No difference regarding age, gender or risk factors, yet MiRNA-451a was up-regulated in cases with a median fold change of 3.4 in comparison to healthy controls.

Conclusion
The studied microRNA can may have a role in pathophysiology of CSVD.
The Effect of Oral Isosorbide Mononitrate Therapy on Umbilical Artery Doppler Resistance Index in Pregnancies with Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial
Authors: El Husseiny Amro Salah El Din , Mohsen Sabea Haitham Abdel , Abd El- Razek Maya Mahmoud , Nessim Amin Gena Nader 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with impaired placentation. Patients who are at risk of developing IUGR can be identified by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler at mid-trimester pregnancy. Nitric oxide (NO)-donors like isosorbide mononitrate reduce the impedance in the uteroplacental vessels and possess protecting effects on the endothelium.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Isosorbide Mononitrate therapy in reducing umbilical artery Doppler resistance index (RI) in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized control trial was conducted at Obstetric Outpatient Clinic – Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospitals from February 2021 until February 2022 and performed on women who attended ASUMH ECDU with IUGR.

Results
Finally, as regard side effects of isosorbide mononitrate therapy, our study reported that headache and overall side effects were statistically significant higher compared with control group.

Conclusion
Evident from the current study, nitric oxide (NO)-donors like isosorbide mononitrate had no prophylactic or therapeutic effects in management of pregnant cases associated with IUGR. It had no improving effect on umbilical artery Doppler or placental circulation. On the other hand it had unfavorable maternal adverse effects.
Effect of Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab (Lucentis®) on Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology
Authors: Hussein Nawar Sarah Mahmoud Abdul Hameed , El Raggal Tamer Mohamed , Rashed Hazem Omar , Mostafa Mouamen Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
VEGF has an essential role in initiating wound and inflammation-related neovascularization. Several studies have demonstrated that VEGF is an important mediator of blood– retinal-barrier breakdown, leading to fluid leakage below the macula and inducing the development of macular edema and choroidal neovascular membranes. Anti-VEGF agents interfere with its receptor binding, thus inhibiting VEGF’s signal, which results in inhibition of abnormal blood vessel formation and decreasing vascular permeability.

Aim of the Work
This study aimed is to report early changes in the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphology in patients undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (ranibizumab) for treatment of macular edema.

Patients and Methods
This prospective study included 22 eyes of 22 DME patients indicated for IVI of Ranibizumab, with mean age 57.1±7.4 years, ranging from 42.0 years to 70.0 years. The majority of them were females (77.3%).

Results
Cell density (endothelial cell count) at baseline (2601.8±220.0) didn’t show statistically significant difference than that at one month (2598.9±198.1) after IVI. Coefficient variant was not significantly changed at month-1 as compared to baseline. Coefficient variant at baseline was 29.8±4.0, ranging from 22.0 to 39.0. and at one month was 31.3±5.4, ranging from 21.0 to 48.0. Hexagonal cells (HEX) were not significantly changed at one month as compared to baseline. Hexagonal cells at baseline were 68.9±3.2, ranging from 63.0 to 75.0 and after one month, it was 67.8±4.1, ranging from 60.0 to 76.0. Pachymetry was not significantly changed at one month as compared to baseline. The corneal thickness (pachymetry) at baseline was 538.8±40.1 ranging from 448.0–587.0 to 447.0–597.0. after one month of IV ranibizumab it was 536.3±42.1 0.183.

Conclusion
A single IV injection of Ranibizumab in phakic and otherwise normal eyes with DME showed no change in ECD and pachymetry but a statistically non-significant increase in CV and decrease in HEX 1-month after injection.
Coalition Excision and Corrective Osteotomies versus Coalition Excision and Arthroereisis in the Management of Pes Planovalgus with Talocalcaneal Coalition in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ali Mousa Awab , Fathy Hewaidy Ayman Ibrahim , Fathy Elbeltagy Atef Mohamed , Abd-Ella Mohamed Mokhtar , Mohamed Amr Farouk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Level of evidence: ΙΙ

Background
Talocalcaneal coalition is the most common cause of rigid flat foot in adolescents. It presents with recurrent ankle sprains, ankle pain, and foot deformity. Management is still controversial. Multiple options were utilized during the last 40 years, including arthroerisis; however, the role of arthroerisis in the management of rigid pes planovalgus remains questionable.

Patients and Methods
Thirty feet in 28 patients with rigid flat foot due to talocalcaneal coalition who presented to our institution between September 2018 and November 2020 were prospectively analyzed. Randomization was performed by random allocation using a computer- based system into two groups: group A for arthroereisis and coalition excision and group B for osteotomies and coalition excision. Functional and radiological outcomes and complications were recorded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

Results
Thirty feet in 28 patients were included in the final analysis (group A, 15 feet; group B, 15 feet). The mean age and follow-up duration of the participants were 14.5 years and 24 months, respectively. The mean AOFAS and foot and ankle ability measurement scores were 78.8±4.04 and 76.73±4.66 and 80±5 and 79±3 for groups A and B, respectively. The complication rate was higher in group A; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance. No difference was found regarding functional outcomes.

Conclusion
We believe that the combination of talocalcaneal coalition resection with either corrective osteotomies or arthroerisis resulted in a significant improvement of functional and radiological outcomes with no difference between both in the management of rigid pes planovalgus.