bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct N2O emission factors for synthetic N‐fertilizer and organic residues applied on sugarcane for bioethanol production in Central‐Southern Brazil
Authors: Siqueira Neto Marcos , Galdos Marcelo V. , Feigl Brigitte J. , Cerri Carlos E. P. , Cerri Carlos C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe production and use of biofuels have increased rapidly in recent decades. Bioethanol derived from sugarcane has become a promising alternative to fossil fuel for use in automotive vehicles. The ‘savings’ calculated from the carbon footprint of this energy source still generates many questions related to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from sugarcane cultivation. We quantified N2O emissions from soil covered with different amounts of sugarcane straw and determined the direct N2O emission factors of nitrogen fertilizers (applied at the planting furrows and in the topdressing) and the by‐products of sugarcane processing (filter cake and vinasse) applied to sugarcane fields. The results showed that the presence of different amounts of sugarcane straw did not change N2O emissions relative to bare soil (control). N‐fertilizer increased N2O emissions from the soil, especially when urea was used, both at the planting furrow (plant cane) and during the regrowth process (ratoon cane) in relation to ammonium nitrate. The emission factor for N‐fertilizer was 0.46 ± 0.33%. The field application of filter cake and vinasse favored N2O emissions from the soil, the emission factor for vinasse was 0.65 ± 0.29%, while filter cake had a lower emission factor of 0.13 ± 0.04%. The experimentally obtained N2O emission factors associated with sugarcane cultivation, specific to the major sugarcane production region of the Brazil, were lower than those considered by the IPCC. Thus, the results of this study should contribute to bioethanol carbon footprint calculations.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on gingival fibroblasts from static magnetic fields produced by dental magnetic attachments
Authors: Yagci Filiz , Kesim Bulent 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of static magnetic field (SMF) produced by dental magnetic attachments on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.BackgroundMagnetic attachments have numerous roles in dental prosthesis fixation, but few reports evaluate possible biological effects of static magnetic field (SMF) on human gingival tissues, particular genotoxic effects.Materials and methodsThe Dyna (500‐gr breakaway force) and Steco (173‐gr breakaway force) dental magnetic attachments were embedded into autopolymerising acrylic resin in four different configurations each, including single and double magnets. Gingival biopsy was performed on 28 individuals during third molar extraction, and each sample was divided into two pieces for culture under SMF exposure or as a control. In total, seven test and seven control gingival fibroblast cultures were performed for each group resulting in 56 gingival fibroblast cultures. The test culture flasks were placed atop the magnet‐embedded resin blocks. After cultures were terminated, mitotic index (MI) and micronucleus (MN) rates were analysed at a p = 0.05 significance level by Wilcoxon's test; intergroup differences were analysed with a Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsThere was no significant difference in intragroup or intergroup MI rates. The double Dyna (p = 0.023) and double Steco (p = 0.016) groups had statistically significant intragroup differences in the MN rates. There were no statistically significant differences in MN rates in intergroup analyses.ConclusionIn particular, higher magnetic fields from dental magnetic attachments might be toxic genetically to human gingival fibroblasts. However, there is need for further investigations from different aspects to detect any genotoxicity.
Using Sealed Wells to Measure Water Levels Beneath Streams and Floodplains
Authors: Noorduijn Saskia L. , Cook Peter G. , Wood Cameron , White Nick 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe design of wells beneath streams and floodplains has often employed with tall standpipes to prevent incursion of surface water into the well during flood events. Here, an approach has been presented to minimise the infrastructure demands in these environments by sealing the well top (e.g., prevent water entering the well) and monitor the total pressure in the water column using an absolute (non‐vented) pressure transducer. The sealed well design was tested using a laboratory experiment where the total pressure responses were monitored in both an unsealed and sealed well, while the water level was varied. It is observed that, whether the well is sealed or not, the total pressure at a given depth in the aquifer will be equal to that within the well. This indicates that the sealed well design is a viable alternative to tall standpipes and also facilitates installation of wells beneath streams and floodplains.
The LAAF Procedure for Exploring Offenders' Narratives
Authors: CANTER DAVID , YOUNGS DONNA 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Life As A Film (LAAF) procedure is described. This was developed for use with offenders, building on McAdams's (1993) explorations of autobiographical accounts from effective individuals. The advantages of the LAAF procedure for a prison population are discussed, together with the content dictionary used for analysing LAAF responses. The LAAF reveals implicit and explicit aspects of self‐concepts and relationships to others, as well as perceived agency and future orientation within a dynamic storyline. Quotations are given to illustrate those psychological processes that underlie criminality, complementing Presser's (2009) work on offender reform and Maruna's (2001) study of narratives of desistance. The values of the LAAF procedure for understanding the maintenance of offending behaviour and the consequent implications for interventions with offenders are discussed.
Phylogeographic evidence for a Florida panhandle–peninsula discontinuity in the distribution of Melitara prodenialis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a native cactus‐boring moth
Authors: Marsico Travis D. , Sauby Kristen E. , Brooks Christopher P. , Welch Mark E. , Ervin Gary N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Insects are highly underrepresented in the phylogeographic literature of the coastal plain region of the southeastern U.S., but they may contribute much to understanding the phylogeographic history of the area.

The present study uses Melitara prodenialis Walker, a cactus‐boring moth, to test two alternative hypotheses: Pleistocene changes in environment and coastline associated with population geographic change resulted in (i) a homogeneous Florida, USA, population of M. prodenialis or (ii) isolated subpopulations that gave rise to genetic divergence between regions.

Melitara prodenialis larvae were collected from 23 sites (n = 42 larvae sampled). For each larva, a 791 bp sequence of the COI mitochondrial gene was sequenced. Bayesian and parsimony approaches were used to investigate relationships among haplotypes. Phylogeographic and demographic analyses were conducted to identify geographic patterns in haplotype diversity distribution and infer population dynamics over time. Bioclim climate variables from the last interglacial period and the present were used to assess the potential contribution of environmental conditions to phylogeographic patterns observed.

Melitara prodenialis populations in the Florida panhandle and peninsula are distinct, and the geographic segregation between these regions is correlated with current and historic climate patterns.

Results suggest that populations of M. prodenialis in the Florida peninsula have more recently expanded than those in the panhandle. These findings are consistent with M. prodenialis populations changing in size and distribution following land area and climatic shifts associated with North American cycles of glaciation, with panhandle and peninsula populations remaining segregated over the relevant timeframes.
Determination of sunset yellow (E110) in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals after separation and preconcentration via solid‐phase extraction method
Authors: Bişgin Abdullah Taner , Narin İbrahim , Uçan Mustafa 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe two novel preconcentration and separation methods based on adsorption onto Amberlite XAD‐1180 and Amberlite XAD‐16 polymeric resins for spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow dye were developed. The parameters, affecting the quantitative recovery, including pH, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent type, sample volume, were investigated and optimised. The interference effects of some cations, anions and widely used dye were also studied. At the optimum conditions, detection limits of the methods were found as 2.0 and 1.6 μg L−1 for Amberlite XAD‐1180 and Amberlite XAD‐16 resins, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges of the methods were obtained in the range of 0.2–50.0 and 0.2–20.0 μg mL−1 for Amberlite XAD‐1180 and Amberlite XAD‐16 resins, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below than 7% and 5% for Amberlite XAD‐1180 and Amberlite XAD‐16 resins, respectively. The determination of dye was performed at 483.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the sunset yellow content of some foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals.
A multivariate approach to optimise the synergistic blend of oleoresin rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and ascorbyl palmitate added into sunflower oil
Authors: Upadhyay Rohit , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe simultaneous optimisation of a synergistic blend of oleoresin rosemary (ROS) and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) in sunflower oil (SO) was performed using central composite and rotatable design coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) and response surface methodology (RSM). The physicochemical parameters, viz. peroxide value, anisidine value, induction period, total polar matter, UV absorbances (232 and 270 nm) and antioxidant capacity were considered as response variables. PCA reduced the original set of correlated responses to few uncorrelated principal components (PC). The PC1 (eigenvalue, 6.08; data variance explained, 86.97%) was selected for optimisation using RSM. The quadratic model described the data (R2 = 0. 93, P < 0.05), and lack of fit was insignificant (P > 0.05). The contour plot of PC 1 score indicated the optimal synergistic combination of 1309.62 and 129.29 ppm for ROS and AP, respectively. In conclusion, the versatility of PCA–RSM approach has resulted in an easy interpretation in multiple response optimisations.
‘You'll never walk alone’: Supportive social relations in a football and mental health project
Authors: McKeown Mick , Roy Alastair , Spandler Helen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFootball can bring people together in acts of solidarity and togetherness. This spirit is most evocatively illustrated in the world renowned football anthem ‘You'll Never Walk Alone’ (YNWA). In this paper, we argue that this spirit can be effectively harnessed in nursing and mental health care. We draw on data from qualitative interviews undertaken as part of evaluating a football and mental health project to explore the nature of supportive social relations therein. We use some of the lyrics fromYNWAas a metaphor to frame our thematic analysis. We are especially interested in the interactions between the group facilitators and group members, but also address aspects of peer support within the groups. A contrast is drawn between the flexible interpersonal boundaries and self‐disclosure evident in the football initiative, and the reported, more‐distant relations with practitioners in mainstream mental health services. The findings suggest scope for utilizing more collective, solidarity‐enhancing initiatives and attention to alliances and boundaries to maximize engagement and therapeutic benefits within routine practice.
The Effectiveness of Capital Regulation on Bank Behavior in China
Authors: Fu Yishu , Lee Shih‐Cheng , Xu Lei , Zurbruegg Ralf 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the impact that ownership and governance structures have on how Chinese banks react to regulatory pressure. We find that the current regulatory regime induces banks to increase their capital, but its effectiveness in doing so varies based on whether the bank is listed or not, and also who is the majority shareholder. We also find that the degree of central government ownership and the political ties the chief executive officer of the bank has play an important role in the risk‐taking behavior of banks. Overall, our results have a number of policy implications supporting the need to further reduce state ownership of banks in China to mitigate the prevailing moral hazard and dual‐agency problems that arise from the government being both the regulator and the majority shareholder.
Root Phenotyping For Drought Tolerance in Bean Landraces From Calabria (Italy)
Authors: Abenavoli M. R. , Leone M. , Sunseri F. , Bacchi M. , Sorgonà A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is cultivated throughout Latin America and Africa, and for the European community, in Italy and Spain, areas are mainly subjected to drought stress which is predict to worsen by regional climatic models. The aims of this work were to identify the drought‐tolerant and drought‐sensitive bean landraces using drought tolerance and phenotypic plasticity indexes and to dissect the root morphological and 2D‐architecture traits related to drought tolerance. Thirty‐one landraces from diverse gene pools and areas of the Calabria region (South Italy), with different habits and morphological traits, were screened for drought tolerance in a hydroponic system. Root phenotyping was conducted by image analysis. Drought tolerance screening identified two landraces as drought tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Under drought stress, the drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited several interesting root traits such as a higher root length, surface area and, above all, the fineness of the whole root systems and, with emphasis, of the higher order roots. Drought stress induced plastic root responses in both bean landraces but with contrasting patterns. The drought‐tolerant landrace exhibited a dimorphic‐rooted strategy, which could be included in future utility for bean breeding programmes in drought‐prone environments.
Protocol for a study of the psychosocial determinants of health in early childhood among children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Douglas Tonia , Jordan Brigid , Priddis Lynn , Anderson Vicki , Sheehan Jane , Kane Robert T. , Massie John , Branch‐Smith Cindy , Shields Linda ,   AREST‐CF
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate the causal associations between family relationships, family functioning, social circumstances and health outcomes in young children with cystic fibrosis.BackgroundThe anticipated health gains for patients with cystic fibrosis, promised by early diagnosis through newborn screening, have yet to be fully realized, despite advances in cystic fibrosis health care with aggressive management in multidisciplinary clinics and the development of specific medications. Adverse psychosocial functioning may underpin the current lack of progress as it is well recognized that compromised early parent–child attachment relationship experiences and adverse social circumstances have negative impacts on lifelong health status and health resource use, even in healthy children.DesignA cross‐sectional (initial) and longitudinal (progressive), multicentre study of children aged 3 months–6 years with cystic fibrosis, who have been diagnosed by newborn screening.MethodsQuestionnaire and observational measures of parent psychosocial functioning, parenting and parent–child attachment and social markers; and including clinical outcomes of regular health surveillance with clinical, lung imaging (computerized tomography) and bronchoalveolar lavage for airway microbiology and inflammation.ConclusionThis will be the first study to investigate the causal effect of psychosocial functioning, parenting and attachment on physical health outcome measures in children with cystic fibrosis.
Pelvic floor health: a concept analysis
Authors: Pierce Heather , Perry Lin , Gallagher Robyn , Chiarelli Pauline 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept ‘pelvic floor health’.Background‘Pelvic floor health’ is a term used by multiple healthcare disciplines, yet as a concept is not well defined.DesignRodger's evolutionary view was used to guide this analysis.Data sourcesAcademic literature databases and public domain websites viewed via the Internet search engine Google.Review methodsLiterature in English, published 1946–July 2014 was reviewed. Websites were accessed in May 2014, then analysed of presentation for relevance and content until data saturation. Thematic analysis identified attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept.ResultsBased on the defining attributes identified in the analysis, a contemporary definition is offered. ‘Pelvic floor health’ is the physical and functional integrity of the pelvic floor unit through the life stages of an individual (male or female), permitting an optimal quality of life through its multifunctional role, where the individual possesses or has access to knowledge, which empowers the ability to prevent or manage dysfunction.ConclusionThis analysis provides a definition of ‘pelvic floor health’ that is based on a current shared meaning and distinguishes the term from medical and lay terms in a complex, multifaceted and often under‐reported area of healthcare knowledge. This definition provides a basis for theory development in future research, by focusing on health rather than disorders or dysfunction. Further development of the meaning is required in an individual's social context, to ensure a contemporaneous understanding in a dynamic system of healthcare provision.
Association between low‐dose aspirin and periodontal disease: results from the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011–2012
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Thai Ashley , Ioannou Andreas L. , Demmer Ryan T. , Michalowicz Bryan S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimLow‐dose aspirin has been hypothesized as being a potential host modulatory agent for periodontitis treatment. We investigated the relationship between low‐dose aspirin use and periodontitis prevalence in the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012.MethodsWe analysed n = 2335 adult men and women who received a full‐mouth periodontal examination and responded to an aspirin use questionnaire. Periodontal disease was defined as severe, moderate or mild according to established case definitions. Mean full‐mouth probing depth, attachment loss and tooth loss were also considered. Low‐dose aspirin was defined by any self‐reported, physician prescribed aspirin use of ≤162 mg/day.ResultsParticipants had mean age (SE) 55.8 years (0.42). The prevalences of periodontitis and low‐dose aspirin use were 49.5% and 25% respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race, socioeconomic variables and comorbidities, the odds ratios [95%CI] for moderate or severe periodontitis among low‐dose aspirin users (versus non‐users) were: 0.91 [0.56–1.50] and 1.06 [0.74–1.50] respectively. Results were unchanged among participants without diabetes or coronary heart disease.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this cross‐sectional study we conclude that low‐dose aspirin is not associated with prevalent periodontal status in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
Comparison of sitagliptin with nateglinide on postprandial glucose and related hormones in drug‐naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot study
Authors: Tanimoto Masumi , Kanazawa Akio , Hirose Takahisa , Yoshihara Tomoaki , Kobayashi‐Kimura Saeko , Nakanishi Risa , Tosaka Yuka , Sasaki‐Omote Ruri , Kudo‐Fujimaki Kyoko , Komiya Koji , Ikeda Fuki , Someya Yuki , Mita Tomoya , Fujitani Yoshio , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glinides are effective in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. However, little information is available on the comparative effects of the two drugs on the levels of postprandial glucose. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of sitagliptin and nateglinide on meal tolerance tests in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThe study participants were 19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was inadequately controlled by diet and exercise. An open‐label, prospective, cross‐over trial was carried out to compare the effects of single‐dose sitagliptin and nateglinide on the postprandial glucose level and its related hormones during meal tests.ResultsThe change in area under the curve (AUC) of glucose from 0 to 180 min (AUC0–180 min) during the meal test by nateglinide was similar to that by sitagliptin. As expected, the change in active glucagon like peptide‐1 was significantly higher after a single‐dose of sitagliptin than nateglinide. Then, insulin secretion relative to glucose elevation (ISG) (ΔISG0–180 min: ΔAUC0–180 min insulin/AUC0–180 min glucose) was significantly enhanced by nateglinide compared with sitagliptin. Conversely, glucagon level (ΔAUC0–180 min glucagon) was increased by administration of nateglinide, whereas the glucagon level was reduced by administration of sitagliptin.ConclusionsThe effects of sitagliptin on postprandial glucose levels were similar to those of nateglinide in drug‐naïve type 2 diabetes patients. However, the induced changes in insulin, active glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon during meal loading suggest that reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia was achieved by the unique effect of each drug.
Factors affecting the implementation process of clinical pathways: a mixed method study within the context of Swedish intensive care
Authors: Bjurling‐Sjöberg Petronella , Wadensten Barbro , Pöder Ulrika , Nordgren Lena , Jansson Inger 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesClinical pathways (CPs) can improve quality of care on intensive care units (ICUs), but are infrequently utilized and of varying quality. Knowledge regarding factors that facilitate versus hinder successful implementation of CPs is insufficient and a better understanding of the activities and individuals involved is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the implementation process of CPs within the context of ICUs.MethodsAn exploratory design with a sequential mixed method was used. A CP survey, including all Swedish ICUs, was used to collect quantitative data from ICUs using CPs (n = 15) and interviews with key informants (n = 10) were used to collect qualitative data from the same ICUs. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used, and the quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated.ResultsThe CP implementation was conceptualized according to two interplaying themes: a process to realize the usefulness of CPs and create new habits; and a necessity of enthusiasm, support and time. Multiple factors affected the process and those factors were organized in six main categories and 14 subcategories.ConclusionsBottom‐up initiatives, interprofessional project groups and small ICUs seem to enhance successful implementation of CPs while inadequate electronic health record systems, insufficient support and time constrains can be barriers. Support regarding the whole implementation process from centralized units at the local hospitals, as well as cooperation between ICUs and national guidance, has the potential to raise the quality of CPs and benefit the progress of CP implementation.