bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
71501 - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Trauma: A single-center review
Authors: Akram Shahzad , Ahlqvist Mathias , Forsman Pär , Moberg Pål , Larsson Magnus , Broman Mikael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Globally, trauma is a leading cause of death in young adults. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the trauma population remains controversial due to the limited published research. The aim of this study was to analyze 30-day survival of all the trauma ECMO patients at our center, with respect to injury severity score (ISS), new injury severity score (NISS).

Method
We performed a retrospective analysis of all trauma patients receiving ECMO support at a Level 1 trauma, in Sweden between 1997-2019.

Result
A total of 53 trauma patients received ECMO support. Eighty-five percent were male, and median age 24 with interquartile range (IQR) 17-44 years. More than 70% were multi-trauma patients. The mean NISS and ISS were 50 (IQR:34-57) and 42 (IQR:33-57), respectively. Sixty-two percent were supported on veno-arterial ECMO with a survival benefit for veno-venous ECMO, (75% vs. 36%, respectively (p=0.01)). There was no association between severity in terms of trauma-score and survival. Sixteen patients (30%) were cannulated at referring hospitals and transported to our unit on ECMO with a survival of 69%, similar to those cannulated in house. Sixty percent of patients survived ECMO, and 51% survived to hospital discharge.

Discussion
This study indicates that trauma patients, independent of severity, benefit from ECMO. Furthermore, our results support ECMO transport as feasible in trauma patients. We recommend larger multi-center studies to determine which trauma patients would have the greatest benefit of ECMO.
72281 - Nicotine-related complications in Plastic and Hand Surgery – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Holm Sebastian , Khan Fujeen , Tabrisi Reza , Zdolsek Johann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Nicotine consumption is linked to higher perioperative complications. The cellular damage secondary to smoking is due to cellular dysfunction and thrombogenesis following free radical release, tissue hypoxia, microvascular injury, and inhibition of immune cell function by oxidative stress. This has an impact on wound healing as a whole, while increasing risk of infection and wound dehiscence.

Method
A review of the literature was conducted to summarize all studies focusing nicotine-complications in Plastic and Hand surgery. Of 2,186 articles, retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases, 364 publications were included following a blinded parallel screening as per PRISMA.

Result
Numerous peri-operative complications have been attributed to smoking, from undesirable aesthetic outcomes to life threatening sepsis. Some previous studies have illustrated a few of nicotine’s physiological effects as reversible, through a smoking cessation ranging from 3 to 8 weeks, or even longer, while others seem persistent. Available literature has found a correspondence between the amount of nicotine consumption and complication rates. Both pre- and postoperative nicotine cessation has been proven to have favourable outcome.

Discussion
Nicotine abuse is linked to higher complication rates following Plastic and Hand Surgery, according to the published literature. Nicotine consumers are a high-risk patient group that need to be stratified, evaluated for peri-operative morbidities, and provided risk-specific care and follow-up.
It is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the negative effects of nicotine on postoperative recovery. A standardized pre- and postoperative nicotine detox routine should be established to minimize the rate of postoperative complications.
71781 - Missed nursing care in surgical care – a hazard to patient safety: a quantitative study within the inCHARGE programme
Authors: Edfeldt Katarina , Nyholm Lena , Jangland Eva , Gunnarsson Anna-Karin , Fröjd Camilla , Hauffman Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Missed nursing care occurs globally and the consequences are severe for the patients. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and cause of missed nursing care, and the relationship between registered nurses' and nursing assistants' perceptions of missed nursing care, in a surgical care context.

Method
A quantitative study was performed using the MISSCARE survey, measuring missed nursing care and associated reasons, in three surgical wards with registered nurses and nursing assistants as the participants (n=118). The MISSCARE survey also covers background data such as job satisfaction and intention to leave. The response rate was 88%.

Result
Nursing care rated to be missed the most were ‘attending interdisciplinary care conferences’, ‘turning patient every 2 h’, ‘ambulation 3 times per day or as ordered’, and ‘mouth care’. Registered nurses rated more missed nursing care than nursing assistants. The uppermost reasons for missed nursing care were ‘inadequate number of staff’ and ‘unexpected rise in patient volume and/or acuity on the unit’. Almost every fourth staff member (24.6%, n=29) had the intention to leave within a year in the present department.

Discussion
Missed nursing care, in combination with a high number of staff intending to leave their employment, poses a hazard to patient safety. Registered nurses reported more missed care compared with the nursing assistants. These findings support a warranted investment in nursing within the organisation. The results can be used to form strategies to reduce nurse attrition and optimise competence utilisation, and to achieve safe person-centered fundamental care.
Nailing it: Investigation of elephant toenails for retrospective analysis of adrenal and reproductive hormones
Authors: Rich Garrett , Stennett Rebecca , Galloway Marie , McClure Mike , Riley Rebecca , Freeman Elizabeth W , Hunt Kathleen E 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHormone monitoring of at-risk species can be valuable for evaluation of individual physiological status. Traditional non-invasive endocrine monitoring from urine and faeces typically captures only a short window in time, poorly reflecting long-term hormone fluctuations. We examined toenail trimmings collected from African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants during routine foot care, to determine if long-term hormone patterns are preserved in these slow-growing keratinized tissues. We first measured the growth rate of elephant toenails biweekly for one year, to establish the temporal delay between deposition of hormones into nail tissue (at the proximal nail bed) and collection of toenail trimmings months later (at the distal tip of the nail). In African elephants, toenails grew ~0.18 ± 0.015 mm/day (mean ± SEM) and in Asian elephants, toenails grew ~0.24 ± 0.034 mm/day. This slow growth rate, combined with the large toenail size of elephants, may mean that toenails could contain a ‘hormone timeline’ of over a year between the nail bed and nail tip. Progesterone, testosterone and cortisol were readily detectable using commercial enzyme immunoassays, and all assays passed validations, indicating that these hormones can be accurately quantified in elephant toenail extract. In most cases, variations in hormone concentrations reflected expected physiological patterns for adult females and males (e.g. ovarian cycling and musth) and matched individual health records from participating zoos. Progesterone patterns aligned with our calculations of temporal delay, aligning with female ovarian cycling from over six months prior. Unexpectedly, male testosterone patterns aligned with current musth status at the time of sample collection (i.e. rather than prior musth status). Though this sample type will require further study, these results indicate that preserved hormone patterns in elephant toenails could give conservationists a new tool to aid management of elephant populations.
A comparative investigation of geomagnetic jerks across the SAA during the period 2000–2020
Authors: Nel A E , Kotzé P B 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
Geomagnetic field data from six magnetic observatories in and adjacent to the South Atlantic Anomaly were individually analysed to detect abrupt secular variation changes occurring on timescales of less than a year and to explore any correlation with the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly. After applying external field corrections by means of the CHAOS-7 model, 12-month differences of the respective observatory monthly mean of the eastward component Y revealed evidence of several geomagnetic jerks with varying amplitudes during the period 2000–2020. These observations were compared to the CHAOS-7 spherical harmonic model and previous studies of the South Atlantic Anomaly’s evolution. It emerged from this study that global field models like CHAOS are not very effective in identifying rapid localized changes in the geomagnetic field, highlighting the importance of using observatory data in conjunction with satellite data when studying geomagnetic jerks.
A randomized non-inferiority study comparing imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam with standard-of-care Gram-negative coverage in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Chaftari Anne-Marie , Dagher Hiba , Hachem Ray , Jiang Ying , Lamie Peter , Wilson Dib Rita , John Teny , Haddad Andrea , Philip Ann , Alii Shahnoor , Mulanovich Patricia , Yuan Ying , Chaftari Patrick , Raad Issam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic overuse leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance that threatens immunocompromised cancer patients. Infections caused by MDR Gram-negative pathogens are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality. Hence, empirical therapy with standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotics could be suboptimal in these vulnerable patients. New antibiotics covering potential resistant pathogens may be considered.

Methods
We conducted a randomized non-inferiority study comparing safety and efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IPM/REL), a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, with SOC antibiotics (cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem) in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Patients received at least 48 h of IV antibiotics and were assessed at end-of-IV (EOIV) therapy, test of cure (TOC; Days 21–28), and late follow-up (LFU; Days 35–42).

Results
A total of 100 patients were enrolled (49 IPM/REL and 50 SOC). Demographics and rates of documented microbiological infections were similar in both groups. In the SOC arm, 86% of antibiotics consisted of cefepime. Patients on IPM/REL had a higher favourable clinical response at EOIV than those on SOC (90% versus 74%; P = 0.042); however, responses were similar at TOC and LFU. Microbiological eradication was comparable at all three timepoints. Study drug-related adverse events and adverse events leading to drug discontinuation were similar in both groups, with no study drug-related mortality.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that compared with SOC antibiotics, predominantly cefepime, IPM/REL for empirical coverage of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients is generally safe and could be associated with a better clinical outcome at EOIV. The current SOC consisting mainly of agents that do not cover for ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales bacteria should be reconsidered.
Comparing outcomes of hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of borderline hip dysplasia: a systematic review
Authors: Alvero Alexander B , Vogel Michael J , Wright-Chisem Joshua , Nho Shane J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hip arthroscopy (HA) and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) are common hip preservation procedures pursued in borderline hip dysplasia (BHD), yet there is no consensus on the preferred treatment. This systematic review aims to synthesize the present literature on HA and PAO for the management of BHD. A review of multiple electronic databases was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All studies that reported outcomes of patients with BHD treated by PAO or HA with capsular closure were included. PROs, complications, and rates of subsequent surgery were evaluated. A total of 14 studies met criteria for inclusion. Eight reported outcomes following PAO and seven reported outcomes following HA. One study reported outcomes of both procedures. Both PAO and HA studies demonstrated significant improvement in PROs. Complication rates in PAO patients ranged from 0% to 7.8% compared to 0% in HA patients. Total hip arthroplasty (THO) conversion rates in PAO patients ranged from 0% to 10.5% compared to 0% to 23.7% in HA patients. Hardware removal was performed in 25–51% of PAO patients. PAO conversion following failed HA occurred in 0–6.1% of patients. Rates of other reoperation (excluding hardware removal) in PAO patients ranged from 0% to 22.2% compared to 0% to 7.9% in HA patients. Based on the current evidence, both PAO and HA demonstrate significant improvement in PROs with a low conversion rate to THA, yet additional long-term follow-up studies are required.
NGO Support for International Security Force Vetting and Screening
Authors: Rice Emily , Gavshon Daniela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) document violations of human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL) for the purpose of contributing to criminal accountability processes. This requires NGOs to meet criminal procedural standards, often dedicating extensive resources to a form of accountability that is difficult to secure. Given these challenges, this article explores an alternative end-use for NGO documentation of violations: the security force vetting carried out by multilateral organizations and donor governments as part of an international exchange of resources or personnel. In particular, we examine the United Nations system for screening peacekeepers, and national and international systems for vetting foreign recipients of security force assistance. We review the processes and rationale for these international vetting and screening systems, identifying both opportunities and challenges for NGO engagement. We conclude that NGOs seeking to restrict the power and capacity of an abusive security force may find it worthwhile to engage with these systems, which would benefit from the contribution of high-quality NGO documentation.
Beyond the present, the nation, and Europe: Three different uses of history in reflexive migration studies
Authors: Reinecke Christiane , Löhr Isabella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Interdisciplinary migration research is currently witnessing an increased interest in the impact of colonialism, decolonization, and expertization on present-day integrationism and racism. Tracing the genealogy of current ways of framing, categorizing, and governing groups viewed as “migrant Others” forms part of a reflexive research agenda that analyses migration as a product of changing constellations and categorizations. The article takes up this interest in the recent (and sometimes less recent) past in migration research. Bringing this interdisciplinary body of work into conversation with historical scholarship, we discuss how migration scholars make use of historical genealogies and we identify three different ways of relating the past to the present in debates about current migration and border regimes: We distinguish between what we term an anthropological “deep history” mode, a “genealogical” mode, and a “contrapuntal” or “disruptive” mode. This article argues for a careful, reflexive use of the past. We contend that both the alterity of past discourses and practices and their persistence and lasting impact can help us better make sense of the present in critical migration research.
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: An Unusual Cause or Confounder of Vertigo
Authors: Moody Minhee P , Schieve Bailey , Ruhl Douglas S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, the published literature investigating the association between thyroid function and recurrent or persistent vertigo has become more robust. We present an interesting case of persistent vertigo in a healthy 31-year-old active duty Navy pilot who was restricted from operating single-pilot rotary aircraft because of the severity of her symptoms. During her work-up, she was newly diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid disease and started on thyroid hormone supplementation. Adequately treating her underlying thyroid disease was associated with resolution of dizzy symptoms and she was granted a waiver to return to flying. This case highlights the importance of autoimmune thyroid disease as a less common but important diagnosis to consider in the broad differential for vertigo. This is especially relevant to the military population since dizziness contributes to spatial disorientation for aviators and can be highly debilitating for warfighters. Astutely diagnosing and treating underlying causes of dizziness may allow service members to return to physically demanding and mentally arduous duties, improving overall military readiness.
Exploring the impact of galactic interactions and mergers on the central oxygen abundance of APEX/EDGE–CALIFA galaxies
Authors: Garay-Solis Y , Barrera-Ballesteros J K , Carigi L , Colombo D , Sánchez S F , Lugo-Aranda A Z , Villanueva V , Wong T , Bolatto A D 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
In this study, we explore the impact of the galactic interaction/mergers on the central oxygen abundance. We analyse 234 star-forming galaxies included in the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey with integrated molecular gas observations from the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment millimeter telescope and the CARMA interferometer. This database has the most optical integral field spectroscopy data with CO data for yet, with integrated measurements within $\sim 1~{R_{\rm{eff}}}$. Our sample includes 125 isolated galaxies (control sample) and 109 galaxies in different merging stages. We find that despite whether the merging galaxies show an increase or decrease in their molecular gas fraction, the oxygen abundance does not vary significantly, in comparison to our control sample. Therefore, the enhancement and suppression of oxygen abundance are similar in both isolated galaxies and interacting/merging galaxies. On the contrary, regardless of the merger stage (including isolated sample), galaxies that present an increase in their specific star formation rate present a metallicity dilution. We suggest that both internal and external events affect the chemical composition of merging galaxies.
Searching for pulsars, magnetars, and fast radio bursts in the sculptor galaxy using MeerKAT
Authors: Hurter H , Venter C , Levin L , Stappers B W , Barr E D , Breton R P , Buchner S , Carli E , Kramer M , Padmanabh P V , Possenti A , Prayag V , Turner J D 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253), located in the Southern Hemisphere, far off the Galactic Plane, has a relatively high star-formation rate of about 7 M$_{\odot }$ yr−1 and hosts a young and bright stellar population, including several super star clusters and supernova remnants. It is also the first galaxy, apart from the Milky Way Galaxy to be associated with two giant magnetar flares. As such, it is a potential host of pulsars and/or fast radio bursts in the nearby Universe. The instantaneous sensitivity and multibeam sky coverage offered by MeerKAT therefore make it a favourable target. We searched for pulsars, radio-emitting magnetars, and fast radio bursts in NGC 253 as part of the TRAPUM large survey project with MeerKAT. We did not find any pulsars during a 4 h observation, and derive a flux density limit of 4.4 µJy at 1400 MHz, limiting the pseudo-luminosity of the brightest putative pulsar in this galaxy to 54 Jy kpc2. Assuming universality of pulsar populations between galaxies, we estimate that detecting a pulsar as bright as this limit requires NGC 253 to contain a pulsar population of ⪞20 000. We also did not detect any single pulses, and our single pulse search flux density limit is 62 mJy at 1284 MHz. Our search is sensitive enough to have detected any fast radio bursts and radio emission similar to the brighter pulses seen from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 if they had occurred during our observation.
Obesity-associated non-oxidative genotoxic stress alters trophoblast turnover in human first-trimester placentas
Authors: Hoch Denise , Majali-Martinez Alejandro , Bandres-Meriz Julia , Bachbauer Martina , Pöchlauer Caroline , Kaudela Theresa , Bankoglu Ezgi Eyluel , Stopper Helga , Glasner Andreas , Hauguel-De Mouzon Sylvie , Gauster Martin , Tokic Silvija , Desoye Gernot 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Placental growth is most rapid during the first trimester (FT) of pregnancy, making it vulnerable to metabolic and endocrine influences. Obesity, with its inflammatory and oxidative stress, can cause cellular damage. We hypothesized that maternal obesity increases DNA damage in the FT placenta, affecting DNA damage response and trophoblast turnover. Examining placental tissue from lean and obese non-smoking women (4–12 gestational weeks), we observed higher overall DNA damage in obesity (COMET assay). Specifically, DNA double-strand breaks were found in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTB; semi-quantitative γH2AX immunostaining), while oxidative DNA modifications (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; FPG-COMET assay) were absent. Increased DNA damage in obese FT placentas did not correlate with enhanced DNA damage sensing and repair. Indeed, obesity led to reduced expression of multiple DNA repair genes (mRNA array), which were further shown to be influenced by inflammation through in vitro experiments using tumor necrosis factor-α treatment on FT chorionic villous explants. Tissue changes included elevated vCTB apoptosis (TUNEL assay; caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18), but unchanged senescence (p16) and reduced proliferation (Ki67) of vCTB, the main driver of FT placental growth. Overall, obesity is linked to heightened non-oxidative DNA damage in FT placentas, negatively affecting trophoblast growth and potentially leading to temporary reduction in early fetal growth.
Patchwork Conditions for Holographic Nonlinear Responses: A Computational Method for Electric Conductivity and Friction Coefficient
Authors: Ishigaki Shuta , Nakamura Shin , Takasan Kazuaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a new method to compute nonlinear transport coefficients in holography, such as nonlinear DC conductivity and the nonlinear friction coefficient. The conventional method can be applied only to the models whose action in the gravity dual has the “square-root structure,” i.e. the Dirac–Born–Infeld action of the probe D-branes or the Nambu–Goto action of the probe strings. Our method is applicable to a wider range of holographic models whose action does not have such a square-root structure. We propose a condition to obtain regular physical configurations in the gravity dual in the form of two simultaneous equations, which we call the patchwork condition. Our method also enables us to estimate the effective temperature of the nonequilibrium steady states in a wider range of holographic models. We show that a general model exhibits different effective temperatures for different fluctuation modes.