bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard length of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vespa Edoardo , Barchi Alberto , Mandarino Francesco Vito , Fasulo Ernesto , Fratto Maria Caterina , Passaretti Sandro , Azzolini Francesco , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Danese Silvio 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an established treatment for achalasia, yet there is still a lack of technical standardization. No clear definition of ‘long’, ‘standard’, or ‘short’ POEM exists to date. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to analyze current POEM length standards. We included studies reporting technical details of POEM, in which no definite or comparative myotomy length was intentionally adopted (standard myotomy). The primary outcome was the pooled mean total myotomy length. Sub-group analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity across studies. From the initial 7172 records, 31 studies with 3023 patients were included. Pooled mean of total myotomy length was 10.39 cm (95% CI 10.06–10.71; I2 99.3%). Pooled mean of esophageal and gastric myotomy length, provided by 17 studies, was 7.11 cm (95% CI 6.51–7.71; I2 99.8%) and 2.81 cm (95% CI 2.41–3-22; I2 99.8%), respectively. On subgroup analysis for achalasia subtypes, pooled mean length in non-spastic achalasia (type I and II) was 10.17 cm (95% CI 9.91–10.43; I2 94.2%), while in type III it was 14.02 cm (95% CI 10.59–17.44; I2 98.9%). Pooled mean myotomy length for studies conducted between 2014–2020 was 10.53 cm (95% CI, 10.22–10.84; I2 99.1%) and 9.74 cm (95% CI, 7.95–11.54; I2 99.7%) in 2021–2022. Myotomy length during a ‘standard’ POEM is 10.4 cm, remaining over 10 cm in non-spastic achalasia. The high heterogeneity across studies confirms that the POEM technique needs further standardization. We found no significant time trend towards adopting short POEM, despite recent evidence supporting its use.
Digital solutions to optimize guideline-directed medical therapy prescription rates in patients with heart failure: a clinical consensus statement from the ESC Working Group on e-Cardiology, the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions of the European Society of Cardiology, the ESC Digital Health Committee, the ESC Council of Cardio-Oncology, and the ESC Patient Forum
Authors: Schuuring Mark Johan , Treskes Roderick Willem , Castiello Teresa , Jensen Magnus Thorsten , Casado-Arroyo Ruben , Neubeck Lis , Lyon Alexander R , Keser Nurgul , Rucinski Marcin , Marketou Maria , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Volterrani Maurizio , Hill Loreena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 2021 European Society of Cardiology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) and the 2023 Focused Update include recommendations on the pharmacotherapy for patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–IV HF with reduced ejection fraction. However, multinational data from the EVOLUTION HF study found substantial prescribing inertia of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in clinical practice. The cause was multifactorial and included limitations in organizational resources. Digital solutions like digital consultation, digital remote monitoring, digital interrogation of cardiac implantable electronic devices, clinical decision support systems, and multifaceted interventions are increasingly available worldwide. The objectives of this Clinical Consensus Statement are to provide (i) examples of digital solutions that can aid the optimization of prescription of GDMT, (ii) evidence-based insights on the optimization of prescription of GDMT using digital solutions, (iii) current evidence gaps and implementation barriers that limit the adoption of digital solutions in clinical practice, and (iv) critically discuss strategies to achieve equality of access, with reference to patient subgroups. Embracing digital solutions through the use of digital consults and digital remote monitoring will future-proof, for example alerts to clinicians, informing them of patients on suboptimal GDMT. Researchers should consider employing multifaceted digital solutions to optimize effectiveness and use study designs that fit the unique sociotechnical aspects of digital solutions. Artificial intelligence solutions can handle larger data sets and relieve medical professionals’ workloads, but as the data on the use of artificial intelligence in HF are limited, further investigation is warranted.
Technology Adoption, Mortality and Population Dynamics
Authors: Hejkal John , Ravikumar B , Vandenbroucke Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We develop a quantitative theory of mortality and population dynamics, emphasising individuals’ decisions to reduce their mortality by adopting better health technology. Expanded use of this technology reduces the cost of adoption and confers a dynamic externality by increasing the future number of individuals who use the technology. Our model generates a diffusion curve whose shape dictates the pace of mortality reduction. The model explains historical trends in mortality rates and life expectancies at various ages and population dynamics in Western Europe. Unlike Malthusian theories based solely on income, ours is consistent with the observed disconnect between mortality and income. Unlike Beckerian theories of fertility, ours accounts for the observed acceleration in population.
Cardiovascular outcomes with semaglutide by severity of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: the FLOW trial
Authors: Mahaffey Kenneth W , Tuttle Katherine R , Arici Mustafa , Baeres Florian M M , Bakris George , Charytan David M , Cherney David Z I , Chernin Gil , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Gumprecht Janusz , Idorn Thomas , Pugliese Giuseppe , Rasmussen Ida Kirstine Bull , Rasmussen Søren , Rossing Peter , Sokareva Ekaterina , Mann Johannes F E , Perkovic Vlado , Pratley Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
In the FLOW trial, semaglutide reduced the risks of kidney and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and death in participants with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These prespecified analyses assessed the effects of semaglutide on CV outcomes and death by CKD severity.

Methods
Participants were randomized to subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg or placebo weekly. The main outcome was a composite of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke (CV death/MI/stroke) as well as death due to any cause by baseline CKD severity. CKD was categorized by estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; or ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio &lt; or ≥300 mg/g, or Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) risk classification.

Results
Three thousand, five hundred and thirty-three participants were randomized with a median follow-up of 3.4 years. Low/moderate KDIGO risk was present in 242 (6.8%), while 878 (24.9%) had high and 2412 (68.3%) had very high KDIGO risk. Semaglutide reduced CV death/MI/stroke by 18% [hazard ratio (HR) 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.98); P = .03], with consistency across estimated glomerular filtration rate categories, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels, and KDIGO risk classification (all P-interaction &gt; .13). Death due to any cause was reduced by 20% [HR 0.80 (0.67–0.95); P = .01], with consistency across estimated glomerular filtration rate categories and KDIGO risk class (P-interaction .21 and .23, respectively). The P-interaction treatment effect for death due to any cause by urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was .01 [&lt;300 mg/g HR 1.17 (0.83–1.65); ≥300 mg/g HR 0.70 (0.57–0.85)].

Conclusions
Semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of CV death/MI/stroke regardless of baseline CKD severity in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Comparative evaluation of access to emicizumab (Hemlibra®) for people with haemophilia A in community and hospital pharmacies in France
Authors: Cabon Morgane , Chamouard Valérie , Freyssenge Julie , Fraticelli Laurie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since June 2021 in France, patients with haemophilia A with anti-factor VIII inhibitors and patients with severe haemophilia A without anti-factor VIII inhibitors have the choice between the community and the hospital pharmacy for dispensing emicizumab (Hemlibra®). This study aims to investigate patient-centred access to treatment by evaluating and comparing the dimensions of the Penchansky and Thomas model, between community and hospital pharmacies. The evaluation of access to treatment was based on the dimensions of the Penchansky and Thomas model: accessibility, availability, acceptability, accommodation and affordability. These were assessed using appropriate and specific indicators in the study context and calculated for patients choosing community pharmacy or hospital pharmacy for emicizumab dispensing. Geographical data collected as part of the national ‘PASO DOBLE DEMI’ study were used for this analysis. The findings reveal that dispensing emicizumab in community pharmacies improves accessibility by significantly reducing travel time. The availability of healthcare services is also improved due to the territorial coverage of community pharmacies. The extended opening hours and low waiting time also contribute to better access to emicizumab in community pharmacies. The dimension of acceptability must be improved, and further investigations are needed to address the affordability dimension. Several months after emicizumab became available in French community pharmacies, access to treatment has significantly improved, reducing the burden of this rare chronic disease for patients and their careers. These results suggest that this innovative model could be extended to other medicines and even other therapeutic areas.
Impact of coarse woody debris on habitat use of two sympatric rodent species in the temperate Białowieża Forest
Authors: Zegadło Emilia , Zegadło Piotr , Jancewicz Elżbieta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Importance of coarse woody debris (CWD) in habitat use of small mammals has not been thoroughly explored, especially for European species. Moreover, despite the growing awareness about the need for protecting CWD resources in forests, their amount is usually quantified with regard to current or desired volume. The area of forest floor covered by CWD is rarely considered, despite its potential importance for habitat use of small mammals. Over a period of three summer seasons (4800 trap-nights), we examined the populations of yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis and bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus through capture-mark-recapture trapping at three 1-hectare study sites, including both managed forests and a nature reserve in Białowieża Forest, Poland. We applied generalized linear mixed models on a sample of 236 adult individuals of yellow-necked mouse and 173 adult individuals of bank vole to establish that the access to CWD is a significant aspect of their habitat use. Our results suggest that both species prefer a certain minimum amount of CWD. After accounting for different aspects of forest undergrowth, we established that bank vole more frequently used areas with a relatively large amount of CWD (threshold of 0.75 m$^{3}$ CWD per 100 m$^{2}$), together with a propensity to choose areas with debris in the later stages of decay. Yellow-necked mouse was found more frequently in areas with at least 1.5 m$^{2}$ of CWD. We suggest that manipulating CWD distribution, or possibly vegetation characteristics, could be a strategy for managing the abundance and distribution of rodents in forest stands—especially when both CWD volume and coverage are taken into account.
Genomic factors shaping codon usage across the Saccharomycotina subphylum
Authors: Zavala Bryan , Dineen Lauren , Fisher Kaitlin J , Opulente Dana A , Harrison Marie-Claire , Wolters John F , Shen Xing-Xing , Zhou Xiaofan , Groenewald Marizeth , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rokas Antonis , LaBella Abigail Leavitt 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Codon usage bias, or the unequal use of synonymous codons, is observed across genes, genomes, and between species. It has been implicated in many cellular functions, such as translation dynamics and transcript stability, but can also be shaped by neutral forces. We characterized codon usage across 1,154 strains from 1,051 species from the fungal subphylum Saccharomycotina to gain insight into the biases, molecular mechanisms, evolution, and genomic features contributing to codon usage patterns. We found a general preference for A/T-ending codons and correlations between codon usage bias, GC content, and tRNA-ome size. Codon usage bias is distinct between the 12 orders to such a degree that yeasts can be classified with an accuracy &gt;90% using a machine learning algorithm. We also characterized the degree to which codon usage bias is impacted by translational selection. We found it was influenced by a combination of features, including the number of coding sequences, BUSCO count, and genome length. Our analysis also revealed an extreme bias in codon usage in the Saccharomycodales associated with a lack of predicted arginine tRNAs that decode CGN codons, leaving only the AGN codons to encode arginine. Analysis of Saccharomycodales gene expression, tRNA sequences, and codon evolution suggests that avoidance of the CGN codons is associated with a decline in arginine tRNA function. Consistent with previous findings, codon usage bias within the Saccharomycotina is shaped by genomic features and GC bias. However, we find cases of extreme codon usage preference and avoidance along yeast lineages, suggesting additional forces may be shaping the evolution of specific codons.
CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1 module mediated Pi-regulated negatively theanine biosynthesis in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Chen Zhouzhuoer , Yu Zhixun , Liu TingTing , Yao Xinzhuan , Zhang Shiyu , Hu Yilan , Luo Mingyuan , Wan Yue , Lu Litang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is the macronutrients essential for the development and growth of plants, but how external inorganic phosphate (Pi) level and signaling affect tea plant growth and characteristic secondary metabolite biosynthesis are not understood. Theanine is major secondary metabolites, and its contents largely determine tea favor and nutrition qualities. Here, we found theanine contents in tea leaves and roots declined as Pi concentration increased in tea plants after Pi feeding. The transcriptome analysis of global gene expression in tea leaves under Pi feeding suggested a wide range of genes involved in Pi/N transport and responses were altered. Among them, CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 transcript levels in response to Pi feeding to tea plants, their expression patterns were generally opposite to these of major theanine biosynthesis genes, indicating possible regulatory correlations. Biochemical analyses showed that CsSPX3 interacted with CsPHL7, and CsPHL7 negatively regulated theanine biosynthesis genes CsGS1 and CsTS1. Meanwhile, VIGS and transient overexpression systems in tea plants verified the functions of CsSPX3 and CsPHL7 in mediating Pi-feeding-repressed theanine biosynthesis. This study offers fresh insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying Pi repression of theanine biosynthesis, and the CsSPX3-CsPHL7-CsGS1/CsTS1 module plays a role in high Pi inhibition of theanine production in tea leaves. It has an instructional significance for guiding the high-quality tea production in tea garden fertilization.
The IFPA youth group, the Adolescent Confidential Telephone Service and Sexual Health Activism in Ireland, c. 1984–90
Authors: Kelly Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In October 1984 the Irish Family Planning Association (IFPA) established a youth group of volunteers aged 16-20. One of the group’s main initiatives was a sexual health phoneline for young people called the Adolescent Confidential Telephone Service (ACTS). Using oral history interviews and archival sources such as the ACTS logbook, this article explores the motivations of the young activists involved in the ACTS and what the operation of and responses to it reveal about the wider social climate in relation to sexual health. Finally, it examines the emotional labour involved in sexual health activism, showing how this was often gendered.
The Joy Factor: Redefining Leadership Excellence at Black in Marine Science through Joy-Centered Leadership Practices
Authors: Adams Lynnette , Moore Tiara 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
At Black in Marine Science (BIMS), the integration of joy-centered leadership principles has emerged as a transformative blueprint for empowering leaders and fostering inclusive environments. This article explores the integration of the Formula for Joy (F4J) model within BIMS, providing a comprehensive overview of its principles and practices. It presents the model as an adaptable leadership approach suitable for a diverse range of leaders and organizational contexts. The F4J model, uniquely designed for the challenges and opportunities within BIMS, specializes in leaders' personal joy and wellness. It encourages leaders to embark on a journey of self-discovery, embracing their true identities and finding fulfillment within their roles. By fostering an authentic exploration of self and nurturing continuous growth, leaders can cultivate meaningful connections within their teams, promoting collaboration and unity. Moreover, the F4J model highlights the significance of psychological safety and balanced well-being in creating environments where individuals feel valued and culturally supported. By championing an ethos of iterative joyfulness, leaders engage in ongoing self-reflection and improvement, enhancing their well-being while fostering resilience in navigating organizational challenges. This article underscores the practical benefits of joy-centered leadership within BIMS, offering a roadmap for leaders to infuse joy into their practices and drive positive change. By embracing the principles of F4J, leaders within and around BIMS can foster environments of empowerment where diversity is celebrated, and individuals thrive.
Optimization of scheduling and control for a combined cooling, heating, and power microgrid system based on GDMOPSO
Authors: Li Guimin , Wang Qing , Jing Zhen , Chen Zhiru , Zhang Zhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This research presents an innovative approach called Gaussian Distribution Mutation and Dynamic Adaptive Parameter Change Particle Swarm Optimization (GDMOPSO), which is a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, for optimizing the scheduling of a Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Microgrid System (CHPMS). The algorithm incorporates Gaussian mutation and dynamic adaptive parameter changes to address the limitations of the PSO algorithm, such as falling into local optima and oscillating around global optima in later stages of iteration. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it was tested on five ZDT benchmark functions and compared with two other algorithms, namely MOEA/D and MOPSO. The experimental results demonstrate that GDMOPSO outperforms the other algorithms by achieving the optimal state in significantly fewer iterations. Specifically, GDMOPSO required 92 and 162 fewer iterations compared to multi-objective evolutionary algorithm decomposition (MOEA/D) and MOPSO, respectively. Moreover, the algorithm maintains a diverse set of non-dominated solutions (NISs) with better uniformity compared to the other algorithms. Also, the proposed GDMOPSO-based CHPMS exhibits the capability to accurately predict peak electricity consumption and power consumption. After optimization, it effectively reduces the electricity load and pollution emissions while ensuring a stable power supply. The algorithm achieves an 11% reduction in the overall load, an 8% enhancement in energy use efficiency, and a 7% decrease in pollution emissions. These results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed GDMOPSO-based microgrid system scheduling for CHPMS in enhancing the system’s performance and sustainability. This study introduces the GDMOPSO algorithm as a solution for optimizing the scheduling of a CHPMS. The algorithm improves the performance of the PSO algorithm and maintains a diverse set of NISs. It accurately predicts peak electricity consumption and power consumption, while effectively reducing the electricity load and pollution emissions.
Revealing the Unseen: Next-Generation Sequencing for Early Detection of Drug-Resistant Cytomegalovirus Variants Upon Letermovir Prophylaxis Failure
Authors: Nägele Klaudia , Bättig Veronika , Gosert Rainer , Walti Carla S , Prince Spasenija Savic , Halter Jörg , Mathews Roby , Stühler Claudia , Khanna Nina , Leuzinger Karoline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, prophylactic management strategies are essential for preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and associated disease. We report on a 63-year-old male patient with a D−/R+ CMV serostatus, who showed ongoing low-level CMV replication after hematopoietic cell transplant despite receiving letermovir prophylaxis. Sanger sequencing failed to detect drug resistance mutations (DRMs) until CMV pneumonitis developed, revealing a UL56-C325R DRM linked to high-level letermovir resistance. Retrospective analysis with next-generation sequencing revealed the DRM at a low frequency of 6% two weeks prior to detection by Sanger sequencing. This study highlights the importance of advanced next-generation sequencing methods for early detection of CMV DRMs, allowing for faster adjustments in antiviral treatment strategies.
Interplay between particle size and microbial ecology in the gut microbiome
Authors: Letourneau Jeffrey , Carrion Verónica M , Zeng Jun , Jiang Sharon , Osborne Olivia W , Holmes Zachary C , Fox Aiden , Epstein Piper , Tan Chin Yee , Kirtley Michelle , Surana Neeraj K , David Lawrence A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Physical particles can serve as critical abiotic factors that structure the ecology of microbial communities. For non-human vertebrate gut microbiomes, fecal particle size (FPS) has been known to be shaped by chewing efficiency and diet. However, little is known about what drives FPS in the human gut. Here, we analyzed FPS by laser diffraction across a total of 76 individuals and found FPS to be strongly individualized. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, a behavioral intervention with 41 volunteers designed to increase chewing efficiency did not impact FPS. Dietary patterns could also not be associated with FPS. Instead, we found evidence that human and mouse gut microbiomes shaped FPS. Fecal samples from germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice exhibited increased FPS relative to colonized mice. In humans, markers of longer transit time were correlated with smaller FPS. Gut microbiota diversity and composition were also associated with FPS. Finally, ex vivo culture experiments using human fecal microbiota from distinct donors showed that differences in microbiota community composition can drive variation in particle size. Together, our results support an ecological model in which the human gut microbiome plays a key role in reducing the size of food particles during digestion. This finding has important implications for our understanding of energy extraction and subsequent uptake in gastrointestinal tract. FPS may therefore be viewed as an informative functional readout, providing new insights into the metabolic state of the gut microbiome.