bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of external electrostatic field on the stability of β sheet structures
Authors: Yang Pei‐Kun 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTTo explore the effect of an external electrostatic field (EEF) on the stability of protein conformations, the molecular dynamic modeling approach was applied to evaluate the effect of an EEF along the x or y direction on a water cluster containing a parallel or antiparallel β sheet structure. The β sheet structure contained two strands with a (Gly)3 sequence separated by a distance d along the x direction. The mean forces between the two strands along the x direction were computed from the trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations. In the absence of the EEF, the forces between the two strands in vacuum were repulsive and attractive in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures, respectively. In contrast, the mean forces between the two strands in water were attractive in both the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures. This is because the electric interactions between the two strands were shielded by water, and the hydrophobic effect dominated the interaction between the two strands. When an EEF >50 MV/cm was applied to the water cluster, the attractive force between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures decreased and increased, respectively. Further, the binding affinity between the two strands in the parallel and antiparallel β sheet structures also decreased and increased, respectively. This is because the large EEF leads to dielectric saturation, and consequently reduces the effects of the dielectric shielding and hydrophobic interactions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 861–870, 2014.
Board Effectiveness and the Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Information
Authors: Ben‐Amar Walid , McIlkenny Philip 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between board of directors' effectiveness and voluntary climate change disclosures. Since risk management and reporting fall under the board's responsibility, we relate board effectiveness to the firm's decision to voluntarily respond to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) annual questionnaire as well as the quality of disclosures about climate‐change‐related risks and strategies to mitigate them.Our results show a positive association between board effectiveness and the firm's decision to answer the CDP questionnaire as well as its carbon disclosure quality. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the determinants of voluntary climate change disclosures. Our findings highlight the importance of the board of directors' role in enhancing the transparency and relevance of voluntary disclosures of climate change business impacts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Relational Genesis of Community: Self–Other Dialogue
Authors: Bessant Kenneth C. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOf late, there is increasing interest in the dialogical foundations of the self and community. Indeed, dialogical theory points to the embeddedness of community in self–other relations. This article proposes a dialogical approach to community that draws upon four key themes of discourse: the sociality of the self, the realm of interindividual relations, the constructive role of social representations, and the emergent properties of collective action. The ‘between’ constitutes a valuable concept for theorizing fundamental processes of relational existence and responsive meaning‐making, including the co‐constitution of community. In the process of coming into dialogic relation with one another, individuals construct meanings, experiences, and actions that profoundly shape both selfhood and community. Thus conceived, community is founded on dialogic interaction and intersubjective representation, thereby becoming the conscious object of reflection and action. The intention here is to theorize the relational genesis and continued transformation of community through self–other dialogue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public Responses to Community Compensation: The Importance of Prior Consultations with Local Residents
Authors: Terwel Bart W. , Koudenburg Florentine A. , ter Mors Emma 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA company that wants to implement an industrial project with adverse local impacts can offer the members of the affected community compensation for bearing the burdens associated with the project. In the current study, participants evaluated such a situation from the perspective of observer. Depending on experimental condition, they learned that a company either had or had not consulted members of the affected community prior to deciding on the compensation offer. The compensation offer was either public goods compensation or individual monetary compensation. We hypothesized and found that the decision‐making process was considered fairer and the company was perceived as more concerned with the local public interest when the company had consulted local residents prior to deciding on the compensation offer. Also, the company was believed to be more concerned with the local public interest when it offered public goods compensation instead of individual monetary compensation. Perceived concern and perceived fairness predicted the perceived trustworthiness of the company, and this, in turn, predicted how participants anticipated the members of the affected community to react to the compensation offered by the company. The study thus demonstrates the importance of consultations with local residents in the process of deciding on compensation measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What are you dieting for? The role of lay theories in dieters' goal setting
Authors: Beruchashvili Mariam , Moisio Risto , Heisley Deborah D. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThrough a qualitative study of a sample of Weight Watchers dieters, this research provides insight about the relationship between goal setting and lay theories—people's basic assumptions about the malleability of their personal attributes. We find that dieters set very different types of superordinate and subordinate goals depending on the lay theory (entity vs. incremental) they hold. Dieters who hold entity theory, which underscores immutability of abilities, set superordinate goals focused on avoiding negative social evaluations. These dieters also seem to set subordinate goals that minimize effort in diet, physical activity, and the use of group meetings necessary for weight loss. Among dieters holding incremental theory, which emphasizes malleability of abilities through learning, weight loss is guided by superordinate goals that promote change in the self. Incremental‐theory dieters also set subordinate goals that encourage rather than limit revamping lifestyle. These findings offer contributions to lay theories and goal setting in consumer research as well as implications for developing more successful weight‐loss practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogenized Gold(I)–Carbene as a Single‐Site Catalyst in Continuous Flow
Authors: Lothschütz Christian , Szlachetko Jakub , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCatalytically active gold(I)–carbene complexes on a polystyrene backbone were synthesized by treating metal‐coordinated isocyanides with the nitrogen nucleophile of a piperazine group bonded to the polystyrene. The local environment of the metal was readily tuned by variation of the functional group. This versatile synthesis procedure is not restricted to gold and can easily be extended to other metals such as Pd and Pt. The gold carbene complexes were extensively characterized, and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering identified the +1 oxidation state of the supported gold. This single‐site catalyst catalyzed the synthesis of oxazoles, and the system could be used in continuous flow.
Selective Conversion of Biorefinery Lignin into Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Ma Ruoshui , Guo Mond , Zhang Xiao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe emerging biomass‐to‐biofuel conversion industry has created an urgent need for identifying new applications for biorefinery lignin. This paper demonstrates a new route to producing dicarboxylic acids from biorefinery lignin through chalcopyrite‐catalyzed oxidation in a highly selective process. Up to 95 % selectivity towards stable dicarboxylic acids was obtained for several types of biorefinery lignin and model compounds under mild, environmentally friendly reaction conditions. The findings from this study paved a new avenue to biorefinery lignin conversions and applications.
Identifying Active Functionalities on Few‐Layered Graphene Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane
Authors: Dathar Gopi Krishna Phani , Tsai Yu‐Tung , Gierszal Kamil , Xu Ye , Liang Chengdu , Rondinone Adam J. , Overbury Steven H. , Schwartz Viviane 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe general consensus in the studies of nanostructured carbon catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes to olefins is that the oxygen functionalities generated during synthesis and reaction are responsible for the catalytic activity of these nanostructured carbons. Identification of the highly active oxygen functionalities would enable engineering of nanocarbons for ODH of alkanes. Few‐layered graphenes were used as model catalysts in experiments to synthesize reduced graphene oxide samples with varying oxygen concentrations, to characterize oxygen functionalities, and to measure the activation energies for ODH of isobutane. Periodic density functional theory calculations were performed on graphene nanoribbon models with a variety of oxygen functionalities at the edges to calculate their thermal stability and to model reaction mechanisms for ODH of isobutane. Comparing measured and calculated thermal stability and activation energies leads to the conclusion that dicarbonyls at the zigzag edges and quinones at armchair edges are appropriately balanced for high activity, relative to other model functionalities considered herein. In the ODH of isobutane, both dehydrogenation and regeneration of catalytic sites are relevant at the dicarbonyls, whereas regeneration is facile compared with dehydrogenation at quinones. The catalytic mechanism involves weakly adsorbed isobutane reducing functional oxygen and leaving as isobutene, and O2 in the feed, weakly adsorbed on the hydrogenated functionality, reacting with that hydrogen and regenerating the catalytic sites.
Process Evaluation of the Maudsley Model for Treatment of Adults with Anorexia Nervosa Trial. Part II: Patient Experiences of Two Psychological Therapies for Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lose Anna , Davies Charlotte , Renwick Beth , Kenyon Martha , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike ,   on behalf of the MOSAIC trial group
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study is the second part of a process evaluation, embedded in the MOSAIC study, a large randomised controlled trial comparing two different psychological therapies, the Maudsley Model for Treatment of Adults with Anorexia Nervosa (MANTRA) and Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM). The study adopted a qualitative approach to examine patient experiences of the two treatments.MethodSeventeen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified‐Anorexia Nervosa type patients, and transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsPatient responses yielded five main themes: positive and helpful aspects, beneficial outcomes, less helpful aspects, possible improvements to the treatments, and the therapeutic and external environment. The findings show clear differences and some overlaps between patients' views on MANTRA and SSCM.DiscussionBoth therapies were experienced by patients as credible and largely helpful, albeit in different ways. These results are in agreement with those of therapists' views on these treatments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon from Okara and Application as Electrocatalyst Support
Authors: Zhou T. , Wang H. , Ji S. , Feng H. , Wang R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCarbon materials derived from biomass are economical and simple. Here, a okara‐derived carbon (ODC) was prepared by carbonized cheap and abundant okara at 800 °C in N2 atmosphere. A high degree of graphitization, mesoporous structure and large specific surface area of ODC were proved by Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope. The ODC can be used as support of platinum nanoparticles, and the catalytic performance for methanol electro‐oxidation of its was measured by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping voltammetry. The results showed that Pt/ODC catalyst had higher electrocatalytic activity and the resistance to poisoning ability toward methanol electrooxidation than the Pt/C catalyst prepared under the same conditions.
Public health guidance to facilitate timely diagnosis of dementia: ALzheimer's COoperative Valuation in Europe recommendations
Authors: Brooker Dawn , Fontaine Jenny La , Evans Simon , Bray Jennifer , Saad Karim 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveALzheimer's COoperative Valuation in Europe (ALCOVE) was a Joint Action co‐financed by the European Commission to produce a set of evidence‐based recommendations for policymakers on dementia. This paper reports on timely diagnosis.MethodsEvidence was reviewed from scientific, policy and qualitative research. An online questionnaire was completed by experts from 24 European Union countries detailing current practice. An iterative process with people with dementia, family carers and professionals was utilised to develop recommendations.ResultsAdvances in the technical aspects of diagnosis have changed what is understood by early diagnosis. Although research into preclinical stages is crucial, diagnosing at these very earliest stages is not recommended as regular practice. On balance, it is suggested that citizens should have access to accurate diagnosis at a time in the disease process when it can be of most benefit to them. The term timely diagnosis is used to reflect this. The diagnosis can help citizens and their families make sense of what is happening and make lifestyle changes and plans for the future. The central principles identified to maximise benefit and to reduce harm associated with diagnosis at an earlier stage included reducing stigma about dementia; respecting the rights of the individual; recognising that how the diagnosis is given will impact on subsequent adjustment and that post diagnostic support are required for the person and their family. Detailed recommendations are provided for timely detection, the diagnostic process, complex diagnoses, response to early cognitive changes and workforce.ConclusionsThe recommendations can be utilised at a local, national and European level to benchmark progress. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cortical and cerebellar representation of the lumbar spine
Authors: Boendermaker Bart , Meier Michael L. , Luechinger Roger , Humphreys B. Kim , Hotz‐Boendermaker Sabina 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEight decades after Penfield's discovery of the homunculus only sparse evidence exists on the cortical representation of the lumbar spine. The aim of our investigation was the description of the lumbar spine's cortical representation in healthy subjects during the application of measured manual pressure. Twenty participants in the prone position were investigated during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An experienced manual therapist applied non‐painful, posterior‐to‐anterior (PA) pressure on three lumbar spinous processes (L1, L3, and L5). The pressure (30 N) was monitored and controlled by sensors. The randomized stimulation protocol consisted of 68 pressure stimuli of 5 s duration. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses were analyzed in relation to the lumbar stimulations. The results demonstrate that controlled PA pressure on the lumbar spine induced significant activation patterns. The major new finding was a strong and consistent activation bilaterally in the somatosensory cortices (S1 and S2). In addition, bilateral activation was located medially in the anterior cerebellum. The activation pattern also included other cortical areas probably related to anticipatory postural adjustments. These revealed stable somatosensory maps of the lumbar spine in healthy subjects can subsequently be used as a baseline to investigate cortical and subcortical reorganization in low back pain patients. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3962–3971, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnesium biomaterials for orthopedic application: A review from a biological perspective
Authors: Walker Jemimah , Shadanbaz Shaylin , Woodfield Timothy B. F. , Staiger Mark P. , Dias George J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) has a long history of investigation as a degradable biomaterial. Physicians first began using Mg for biomedical applications in the late 19th century. Experimentation continued with varying levels of success until the mid‐20th century when interest in the metal waned. In recent years the field of Mg‐based biomaterials has once again become popular, likely due to advancements in technology allowing improved control of corrosion. Although this has led to success in vascular applications, continued difficulties in predicting and controlling the corrosion rate of Mg in an intraosseous environment has impeded the development of Mg‐based biomaterials for orthopedic applications. In this review, an initial summary of the basic properties and the physiological role of Mg are followed by a discussion of the physical characteristics of the metal which lend it to use as a degradable biomaterial. A description of the historical and modern applications for Mg in the medical field is followed by a discussion of the methods used to control and assess Mg corrosion, with an emphasis on alloying. The second part of this review concentrates on the methods used to assess the corrosion and biocompatibility of Mg‐based orthopedic biomaterials. This review provides a summary of Mg as a biomaterial from a biological perspective. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1316–1331, 2014.
Wnt5a Suppresses Colon Cancer by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Cheng Runfen , Sun Baocun , Liu Zhiyong , Zhao Xiulan , Qi Lisha , Li Yixian , Gu Qiang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractColon cancer remains one of the lethal malignancies in the world. Aberrant activation of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway has been observed in colon cancer. In contrast, the non‐canonical Wnt signaling functions remain obscure. Wnt5a is a representative non‐canonical Wnt ligand which has gained extensive attention nowadays. Wnt5a has been shown to play an important role in EMT in prostate cancer and melanoma, but its role in colon cancer is still ambiguous. Here we have evaluated Wnt5a expression in a large cohort of 217 colon cancers by immunohistochemistry and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. We found that expression of Wnt5a was diminished significantly in majority of primary colon cancers and negatively related with EMT biomarkers. To further enlighten the mechanism which Wnt5a regulates EMT in vitro, we established ectopic Wnt5a expression models. Protein analysis demonstrated that Wnt5a inhibited EMT and antagonized canonical Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells. Overexpression of Wnt5a impaired cell motility and invasion and inhibited cell proliferation by manipulating Bax. Moreover, Wnt5a suppressed the tumor growth in nude mice and impaired tumorigenicity in vivo. Wnt5a also induced intracellular calcium and activated non‐canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in colon cancer. In summary, although Wnt5a was down‐regulated in majority of colon cancers, enhanced Wnt5a expression predict preferable outcome in colon cancer patients. Our findings indicate that Wnt5a might act as tumor suppressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and attenuating EMT in colon cancer cells. Wnt5a could be used as a novel prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target for colon cancer in the future. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1908–1917, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase–producing organisms on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: MacVane Shawn H. , Tuttle Lindsay O. , Nicolau David P. 
Published: January 2014

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical and economic outcomes between patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) due to extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase–producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species (ESBL‐EK) versus patients with non‐ESBL‐EK UTI.PATIENTS AND METHODSEighty‐four (3.6%) of 2345 patients admitted between September 1, 2011 and August 31, 2012 with UTI were positive for ESBL‐EK. Fifty‐five ESBL‐EK UTI (cases) and matched controls (non–ESBL‐EK UTI) were included in the analysis. Clinical and economic outcomes were compared between cases and controls for statistical significance.RESULTSCases were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, a history of recurrent UTIs, recently received antibiotics, recently been hospitalized, and had previous isolation of an ESBL‐producing organism compared with controls. Failure of initial antibiotic regimen (62% vs 6%; P < 0.001) and time to appropriate antibiotic therapy (51 vs 2.5 hours; P < 0.001) were greater in cases. The median cost of care was greater (additional $3658; P = 0.02) and the median length of stay (LOS) prolonged for cases (6 vs 4 days; P = 0.02) despite similar hospital reimbursement (additional $469; P = 0.56). Although not significant, infection‐related mortality (7.2% vs 1.8%) and 30‐day UTI readmission (7.2% vs 3.6%) were higher in ESBL‐EK cases.CONCLUSIONSUTI caused by ESBL‐EK is associated with significant clinical and economic burden. The cost of care and LOS of patients with ESBL‐EK UTI were 1.5 times those caused by non–ESBL‐EK. Importantly, the additional cost of care is a liability to the hospital, as this is not offset by reimbursement. Appropriate and timely initial antibiotics may minimize the ESBL‐EK impact on outcomes of patients with UTI. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:232–238. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Comparison of 10 brain tissue segmentation methods using revisited IBSR annotations
Authors: Valverde Sergi , Oliver Arnau , Cabezas Mariano , Roura Eloy , Lladó Xavier 
Published: January 2014

PurposeGround‐truth annotations from the well‐known Internet Brain Segmentation Repository (IBSR) datasets consider Sulcal cerebrospinal fluid (SCSF) voxels as gray matter. This can lead to bias when evaluating the performance of tissue segmentation methods. In this work we compare the accuracy of 10 brain tissue segmentation methods analyzing the effects of SCSF ground‐truth voxels on accuracy estimations.Materials and MethodsThe set of methods is composed by FAST, SPM5, SPM8, GAMIXTURE, ANN, FCM, KNN, SVPASEG, FANTASM, and PVC. Methods are evaluated using original IBSR ground‐truth and ranked by means of their performance on pairwise comparisons using permutation tests. Afterward, the evaluation is repeated using IBSR ground‐truth without considering SCSF.ResultsThe Dice coefficient of all methods is affected by changes in SCSF annotations, especially on SPM5, SPM8 and FAST. When not considering SCSF voxels, SVPASEG (0.90 ± 0.01) and SPM8 (0.91 ± 0.01) are the methods from our study that appear more suitable for gray matter tissue segmentation, while FAST (0.89 ± 0.02) is the best tool for segmenting white matter tissue.ConclusionThe performance and the accuracy of methods on IBSR images vary notably when not considering SCSF voxels. The fact that three of the most common methods (FAST, SPM5, and SPM8) report an important change in their accuracy suggest to consider these differences in labeling for new comparative studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:93–101. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.