bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LDL-lipids from patients with hypercholesterolaemia and Alzheimer's disease are inflammatory to microvascular endothelial cells: mitigation by statin intervention
Authors: Dias H.K. Irundika , Brown Caroline L.R. , Polidori M. Cristina , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Griffiths Helen R. 
Published: September 2015

Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration in mid-life increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in later life. Increased oxidized LDL (oxLDL) modification and nitration is observed during dementia and hypercholesterolaemia. We investigated the hypothesis that statin intervention in mid-life mitigates the inflammatory effects of oxLDL on the microvasculature. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were maintained in transwells to mimic the microvasculature and exposed to patient and control LDL. Blood was obtained from statin-naive, normo- and hyper-lipidaemic subjects, AD with vascular dementia (AD-plus) and AD subjects (n=10/group) at baseline. Only hyperlipidaemic subjects with normal cognitive function received 40 mg of simvastatin intervention/day for 3 months. Blood was re-analysed from normo- and hyper-lipidaemic subjects after 3 months. LDL isolated from statin-naive hyperlipidaemic, AD and AD-plus subjects was more oxidized (agarose gel electrophoretic mobility, protein carbonyl content and 8-isoprostane F2α) compared with control subjects. Statin intervention decreased protein carbonyls (2.5±0.4 compared with 3.95±0.2 nmol/mg; P&lt;0.001) and 8-isoprostane F2α (30.4±4.0 pg/ml compared with 43.5±8.42 pg/ml; P&lt;0.05). HMVEC treatment with LDL-lipids (LDL-L) from hyperlipidaemic, AD and AD-plus subjects impaired endothelial tight junction expression and decreased total glutathione levels (AD; 18.61±1.3, AD-plus; 16.5±0.7 nmol/mg of protein) compared with untreated cells (23.8±1.2 compared with nmol/mg of protein). Basolateral interleukin (IL)-6 secretion was increased by LDL-L from hyperlipidaemic (78.4±1.9 pg/ml), AD (63.2±5.9 pg/ml) and AD-plus (80.8±0.9 pg/ml) groups compared with healthy subject lipids (18.6±3.6 pg/ml). LDL-L isolated after statin intervention did not affect endothelial function. In summary, LDL-L from hypercholesterolaemic, AD and AD-plus patients are inflammatory to HMVECs. In vivo intervention with statins reduces the damaging effects of LDL-L on HMVECs.
Simple high‐resolution CMOS phase frequency detector
Authors: Suraparaju E.R. , Arja P.V.R. , Ren S. 
Published: September 2015

A high‐resolution phase frequency detector (PFD) is designed for high‐frequency signal detection and low jitter phase locked loop applications. The proposed PFD eliminates the reset path delay and usage of any latches, minimise the dead zone to near zero by generating narrow pulses at each input rising edge. In addition, the designed PFD completely removes unwanted output glitches, accepts inputs with a large difference in frequency, and also has the ability to drive a large capacitive load with minimal impact on performance. The proposed PFD is designed in 90 nm CMOS technology with a 1.2 V power supply. Simulation results indicate that the proposed design can operate over a wide range of frequencies from 10 kHz to 6 GHz and can detect phase differences for inputs as small as 125 fs for all frequencies of operation and for all process corners. The simulated power consumption is 75 µW at 166.6 MHz with an input phase difference of 125 fs.
Systemic and Topical Use of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Winter Sebastian F. , Santaguida Carlo , Wong Jean , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: September 2015

Study Design Combination of narrative and systematic literature reviews. Objectives Massive perioperative blood loss in complex spinal surgery often requires blood transfusions and can negatively affect patient outcome. Systemic use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) has become widely used in the management of surgical bleeding. We review the clinical evidence for the use of intravenous TXA as a hemostatic agent in spinal surgery and discuss the emerging role for its complementary use as a topical agent to reduce perioperative blood loss from the surgical site. Through a systematic review of published and ongoing investigations on topical TXA for spinal surgery, we wish to make spine practitioners aware of this option and to suggest opportunities for further investigation in the field. Methods A narrative review of systemic TXA in spinal surgery and topical TXA in surgery was conducted. Furthermore, a systematic search (using PRISMA guidelines) of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases as well as World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (National Institutes of Health), and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registries was conducted to identify both published literature and ongoing clinical trials on topical TXA in spinal surgery. Results Of 1,631 preliminary search results, 2 published studies were included in the systematic review. Out of 285 ongoing clinical trials matching the search criteria, a total of 4 relevant studies were included and reviewed. Conclusion Intravenous TXA is established as an efficacious hemostatic agent in spinal surgery. Use of topical TXA in surgery suggests similar hemostatic efficacy and potentially improved safety as compared with intravenous TXA. For spinal surgery, the literature on topical TXA is sparse but promising, warranting further clinical investigation and consideration as a clinical option in cases with significant anticipated surgical site blood loss.
Does Traumatic Donor Cause of Death Influence Outcome after Lung Transplantation? A Single-Centre Analysis
Authors: Heckmann Jens , Carstens Henning , Lubarski Jura , Jakob Heinz , Pizanis Nikolaus , Kamler Markus , Pilarczyk Kevin 
Published: September 2015

Background Owing to the shortage of donor organs in lung transplantation (LuTX), liberalization of donor selection criteria has been proposed. However, some studies suggested that donor traumatic brain damage might influence posttransplantation allograft function. This article aimed to investigate the association of donor cause of death (DCD) and outcome after LuTX.
Methods A retrospective analysis of 186 consecutive double LuTXs at our institution from January 2000 to December 2008 was performed. DCD was categorized into traumatic brain injury (TBI) and nontraumatic brain injury (NTBI). In addition, NTBI was sub classified as spontaneous intracerebral bleeding (B), hypoxic brain damage (H), and intracerebral neoplasia (N).
Results DCD was classified as TBI in 50 patients (26.9%) and NTBI in 136 patients (73.1%): B in 112 patients (60.2%), H in 21 patients (11.3%), and N in 3 patients (1.6%). Young male donors predominated in group TBI (mean age 36.0 ± 14.5 vs. 42.8 ± 10.7, p < 0.01; 29 males in the TBI group [58.0%] vs. 48 males in the NTBI group [35.3%], p < 0.01). Groups of DCD did not differ significantly by recipient age or gender, recipient diagnosis, donor ventilation time, or paO2/FiO2 before harvesting. TBI donors received significantly more blood (3.4 ± 3.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.9, p = 0.03). A chest trauma was evident only in group T (n = 7 [3.7%] vs. 0 [0%], p < 0.001). Mode of donor death did not affect the following indices of graft function: length of postoperative ventilation, paO2/FiO2 ratio up to 48 hours, and lung function up to 36 months. One- and three-year survival was comparable with 84.4 and 70.4% for TBI donors versus 89.4% and 69.2% for NTBI donors. Five-year survival tended to be lower in the TBI group but did not reach statistical significance (43.4 vs. 53.9%).
Conclusion This study indicates that traumatic DCD does not affect outcome after LuTX. These results can be achieved with an ideal donor management combined with an individual case-to-case evaluation by an experienced LuTX surgeon.
Intramolecular phenotypic capacitance in a modular RNA molecule
Authors: Hayden Eric J. , Bendixsen Devin P. , Wagner Andreas 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Numerous noncoding RNA molecules serve important functional and regulatory roles. How new RNA structures with novel functions emerge through the forces of evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we show how distinct units of structure (modules) within an individual RNA molecule can facilitate this evolution. We show that stress-exposed mutational effects can produce altered RNA structures, providing the raw material for the evolution of new functions. The two modules of the studied RNA molecule serve different roles in this process. This previously unidentified intramolecular mechanism for the hiding and release of mutational effects provides insight into how such a process might have contributed to the evolution of enzyme functions since life’s origins.
Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid nanodomains
Authors: de Wit Gabrielle , Danial John S. H. , Kukura Philipp , Wallace Mark I. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Cell membranes are thought to partition into small (10–100 nm) and transient (<100 ms) lipid platforms or “rafts” to control signaling and trafficking across the membrane. The difficulty in observing such species has made “lipid rafts” a contentious topic. Indirect evidence for their existence has been available for decades, but it has not been possible to reveal their dynamics directly. By exploiting the differences in light scattering from different lipid phases, we achieve dynamic imaging of lipid nanodomains. We observe nanodomain formation, destruction, and coalescence—behaviors previously hypothesized but never observed, yet are critical to their proposed function.
CD31 signals confer immune privilege to the vascular endothelium
Authors: Cheung Kenneth , Ma Liang , Wang Guosu , Coe David , Ferro Riccardo , Falasca Marco , Buckley Christopher D. , Mauro Claudio , Marelli-Berg Federica M. 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceMaintenance of vascular integrity during effector immune responses occurring in tissues is a prerequisite of a healthy immune response. The mechanism whereby the vascular endothelium remains undamaged while interacting with effector immune cells migrating to the site of inflammation is largely unknown. This study shows that signals mediated by CD31, atrans-homophilic receptor expressed at high levels by the endothelium, are both necessary and sufficient to prevent inflammation-induced endothelial cell death and confer immune privilege to the vascular endothelium. We also provide proof of principle that this property can be harnessed therapeutically in pancreatic β-cell transplantation, whereby CD31 gene transfer alone endows allogeneic targets with indefinite resistance to immune attack in vivo.
Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea
Authors: Buhr Ethan D. , Yue Wendy W. S. , Ren Xiaozhi , Jiang Zheng , Liao Hsi-Wen Rock , Mei Xue , Vemaraju Shruti , Nguyen Minh-Thanh , Reed Randall R. , Lang Richard A. , Yau King-Wai , Van Gelder Russell N. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The behavioral circadian rhythms of mammals are synchronized to light/dark cycles through rods, cones, and melanopsin (OPN4)-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina. The molecular circadian rhythms in the mammalian retina are themselves synchronized to light/dark signals. We show here that this retinal photoentrainment, in an ex vivo setting, requires neuropsin (OPN5), an orphan opsin in mammals. Remarkably, the circadian clocks in the cornea are also photoentrained ex vivo in an OPN5-dependent manner.
Egg quality, embryonic development, and post-hatching phenotype: an integrated perspective
Authors: Williams T.D. , Groothuis T.G.G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEggs have complex composition where nutrients (resources) and signals potentially also serve as ‘tools’ that mothers might use to influence embryonic and post-hatching development, adjusting offspring phenotype to current environmental conditions and maximising fitness. If females use maternally derived egg components adaptively is there some combination of macro- and micronutrients with which females provision eggs: an ‘optimum’ multivariate egg? If so, this would suggest maternal coupling/uncoupling of egg components which has important implications for several unresolved questions in this field: a) are different maternally derived egg components correlated (positively or negatively) within eggs and what implications does this have for maternal transfer mechanisms?; b) do embryonic mechanisms allow for uncoupling of effects of different egg components, especially where the mother’s ‘optimal’ egg composition does not match that of offspring?; c) are there certain ecological (or life-history) contexts where coupling or uncoupling of different egg components is advantageous, and how is this achieved?
Lauro Quirini
Authors: Parry Seth 
Published: September 2015

Lauro Quirini (b. 1420–d. 1479) was a major Venetian humanist of the mid-15th century. He was born into a patrician family and pursued academic interests in his early life. He studied at the University of Padua, receiving doctoral degrees in arts in 1440 and law in 1448. Quirini was a recognized master in Greek and Latin, and he used his linguistic skills to spread his love of Aristotle in the original Greek. He participated in a number of controversies with fellow humanists (such as Poggio Bracciolini, Leonardo Bruni, and Lorenzo Valla) and corresponded with others. He translated a number of works into Latin from Greek and wrote a series of treatises concerning nobility. These treatises—which use Aristotelian categories to argue that nobility is an inborn attribute of the patriciate—are one of Quirini’s major legacies. In 1452, though, he relocated from Venice to Crete where his family owned lands. He remained there for the rest of his life, trading in a number of commodities. While on Crete, Quirini acted as a go-between book dealer for Cardinal Bessarion, with whom he maintained a lifelong relationship. As a result of his relocation, Quirini did not participate in Venetian domestic politics, a feature that differentiates him from other Venetian humanists, who usually pursued an active political career alongside their intellectual interests. Quirini’s second contemporary legacy is the series of letters he wrote from Crete concerning his worries about the advance of the Ottoman Empire after its conquest of Constantinople. In true humanist fashion, he particularly highlighted the impact that the fall of this ancient capital had on culture, maintaining that Turkish victories threatened the continued existence and preservation of countless antique manuscripts.
The Subaru FMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey (FastSound). III. The mass–metallicity relation and the fundamental metallicity relation at z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Yabe Kiyoto , Ohta Kouji , Akiyama Masayuki , Bunker Andrew , Dalton Gavin , Ellis Richard , Glazebrook Karl , Goto Tomotsugu , Imanishi Masatoshi , Iwamuro Fumihide , Okada Hiroyuki , Shimizu Ikkoh , Takato Naruhisa , Tamura Naoyuki , Tonegawa Motonari , Totani Tomonori 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We present the results from a large near-infrared spectroscopic survey made with Subaru/FMOS (FastSound) consisting of ∼ 4000 galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 with significant Hα detection. We measure the gas-phase metallicity from the [N ii]λ6583/Hα emission line ratio of the composite spectra in various stellar mass and star-formation rate bins. The resulting mass–metallicity relation generally agrees with previous studies obtained in a similar redshift range to that of our sample. No clear dependence of the mass–metallicity relation on star-formation rate is found. Our result at z ∼ 1.4 is roughly in agreement with the fundamental metallicity relation at z ∼ 0.1 with a fiber aperture corrected star-formation rate. We detect significant [S ii]λλ6716,6731 emission lines from the composite spectra. The electron density estimated from the [S ii]λλ6716,6731 line ratio ranges from 10–500 cm−3, which generally agrees with that of local galaxies. On the other hand, the distribution of our sample on [N ii]λ6583/Hα vs. [S ii]λλ6716,6731/Hα is different to that found locally. We estimate the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) from the N2S2 index, and find that the N/O in galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 is significantly higher than the local values at a fixed metallicity and stellar mass. The metallicity at z ∼ 1.4 recalculated with this N/O enhancement taken into account decreases by 0.1–0.2 dex. The resulting metallicity is lower than the local fundamental metallicity relation.
OP‐7 THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF DOMPERIDONE ON ABDOMINAL PAIN‐PREDOMINANT FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: Karunanayake Amaranath , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri , Rajindrajith Shaman , de Silva Asita 
Published: September 2015

Introduction:The therapeutic effect of domperidone on abdominal pain‐predominant functional gastrointestinal diseases (AP‐FGIDs) was assessed on children in 5–12 year age group at the Gastroenterology Research Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.Methods:Children fulfilling Rome III criteria for AP‐FGIDs were recruited from the out‐patient clinic of the University Paediatric Unit, North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka, after obtaining parental consent. They were randomized in to 8 weeks of placebo or Domperidone (Motillium 10 mg, 3 times per day, before meals) groups, using computer generated random numbers. Placebo was a specially prepared dummy tablet without any active ingredients, had the same colour, size, shape and taste of domperidone tablet and were packaged similarly. Primary outcomes defined were cure (abdominal pain less than 25 mm on the visual analogue scale and no impact on daily activities) and improvement (pain relief and sense of improvement recorded on global assessment scale). Secondary outcomes were significant improvement in symptoms, gastric motility, quality of life (QoL) and family impact. Both patients and investigators who assessed primary and secondary outcomes before and after intervention were blind to inventions administered. Symptom severity was recorded on a validated 100 mm visual analogue scale. Translated and validated PedQL Generic Score Scale version 4.0 and Family Impact Module were used. Gastric motility was assessed using a validated ultrasound method.Results:One hundred children were enrolled and 89 completed the trial [Placebo 42 (22 girls), Domperidone 47(33 girls)]. While comparing primary outcomes, domperidone group had significant improvement [37 (78.7%) vs. 25 (59.5%) in placebo group, p = 0.04], while no such difference was observed in cure. When assessing secondary outcomes, domperidone group reported significant reduction in abdominal pain severity (70.84% vs. 48.18% p = 0.03) and improvement in motility index (29.3% vs. 8.6% p = 0.04) after intervention. No such difference was seen in improvement of QoL and family impact (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Domperidone has a favorable therapeutic effect on improvement AP‐FGIDs in children aged 5–12 years. It causes significant reduction in abdominal pain and improvement in motility of the gastric antrum. However, it has no significant effect on improvement of QoL and family impact.
OP‐10 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ENEMAS ADMINISTERED HIGH IN THE RECTUM FOR FECAL DISIMPACTION IN CHILDREN.
Authors: Landman M. , Groeneweg M. 
Published: September 2015

Aim:Efficacy and safety of enemas administered high in the rectum for fecal disimpaction in children was evaluated by a retrospective cohort study.Methods:Between January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2014 all procedures were evaluated. All enemas were administered, using a standardized in‐house protocol, so all procedures were performed in the same way. An enema high in the rectum was considered effective, if stool production exceeded the amount of stools that is regarded normal for the age and weight of the patient, and if the patient felt relieved after the production of stools.A qualitative scale was used by the nursing staff to estimate the amount of stools produced by the patient (‘none’, ‘little’, ‘normal’, ‘many’). Stool consistency was scored, using Bristol Stool Scale. Total stool production within 12 hours after enema was scored. Literature review was performed on efficacy and safety of enemas high in the rectum.Results:N = 77 procedures were evaluated in which all data were documented. Enemas were administered in N = 75 children (36 girls/39 boys: mean age: 9.8 yr (3.6 ‐ 19)(range)). Fecal impaction was present, defined as: palpable mass in abdomen or in rectum and a history of low stool frequency. N = 25 children were treated with more than one enema during the studied period. 68 % of enemas were effective for acute disimpaction. In 30 (45%) procedures, many stools were evacuated, in 15 (23%) procedures the amount was normal; in 18 (27%) procedures there was little stool production and in 3 (5%) procedures no stools were produced. In N = 11 procedures the amount of stools produced was documented insufficiently. Procedure‐ related complications were not seen. In literature no data were found on the efficacy or on safety of enemas administered high up in the rectum. Literature shows equal efficacy of high dose (oral) macrogol as compared to standard rectal enemas (not high up).Conclusions:Enemas administered high up in the rectum are safe in all, and effective in a majority of patients for the management of fecal impaction in children. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of enemas high up in the rectum as compared to high doses of macrogol for fecal disimpaction in children.