bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq Leaves Against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Augustina Indria , Jesika Debora , Elma Pransiska , Elsa Trinovita , Alexandra Francisca Diana , Jabal Arif Rahman 
Published: July 2024

Haemonchosis is an infection caused by the Haemonchus contortus worm, a blood-sucking gastrointestinal parasite that can also infect humans. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves have been shown to have anthelmintic activity due to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic activity of ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves against H. contortus. The infective H. contortus larvae were divided into six treatment groups: a 0.5% ethanol extract concentration group, a 1% ethanol extract concentration group, a 2% ethanol extract concentration group, a 4% ethanol extract concentration group, a positive control group (+), and a negative control group (-), each with four replicates. The study was conducted in six hours, with observations made at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th hours. The results showed that the death of the larvae increased with higher ethanol extract concentrations and longer exposure to the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves. The time of death for infective H. contortus larvae given the ethanol extract of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq leaves was at the 4th hour, and the effective dose of the ethanol extract as an anthelmintic was at the concentration of 0.5%.

Keywords: Anthelmintic, Haemonchus contortus, Orthosiphon aristatus
Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Dengan Induksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak Setelah Pemberian Biji Mahoni
Authors: Sijabat Agave Chintya Gabriella , Isdadiyanto Sri , Sitasiwi Agung Janika 
Published: July 2024

High accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes can trigger an increase in the production of radical compounds, leading to fatty liver disease. This condition induces histological changes in the liver, especially in hepatocytes, and affects the surrounding structures. Mahogany seeds have the potential to act as a hypolipidemic agent in treating fatty liver. Mahogany seeds are known to contain phytochemical compounds which act as antioxidants. This study aimed to determine liver histopathology of rats by inducing high-fat diet after giving mahogany seeds ethanol extract which was observed through the percentage of steatosis, hepatocyte diameter, and hepatosomatic index. This study involved thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into 6 groups: P0 (given commercial feed), P1 (given high-fat diet), P2 (given high-fat diet and simvastatin at a dose of 8 mg/200 g BW), P3, P4, and P5 (given high-fat diet and mahogany seeds ethanol extract at a dose of 14, 28, and 56 mg/200 g BW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index among all treatment groups did not differ significantly; however, the percentage of steatosis and hepatocyte diameter in the groups given mahogany seeds ethanol extract significantly differed from the group given only high-fat feed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that mahogany seed ethanol extract can maintain the histological structure of the liver in male Sprague Dawley rats with fatty liver.

Keywords: hepatocyte, hepatosomatic index, high-fat diet, mahogany seeds, steatosis
Ekstraksi Bunga Kecombrang dan Rosela dengan Metode MAE serta Aplikasinya pada Produk Permen Jelly
Authors: Puspitasari Regita , Naufalin Rifda , Purbowati Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo , Wicaksono Rumpoko 
Published: July 2024

Research in recent years has shown the antioxidant activities of kecombrang and roselle flowers, as well as the antibacterial properties of kecombrang, so these materials have potentials to be developed as a functional food product. With an easy manufacturing process and basic ingredients that are easy to obtain, jelly candy is one of the preparations that can be applied to kecombrang and roselle flower extracts. This research aims 1) to determine the effect of variations in microwave-assisted extraction time and power on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting extract and 2) to determine the effect of variations in the ratio of kecombrang and roselle flower extracts as ingredients for jelly candy products on the physical, chemicall, and sensory characteristics of the product. Research on the extraction of kecombrang and roselle flower powder used a randomized block design (RBD). Treatment consisted of two factors: 1) extraction power (150, 200, and 250 watts); 2) extraction time (3, 5, and 7 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The analysis results showed that the best extraction of kecombrang and roselle flowers were at 250 watts of power and 5 minutes of extraction time. The best extraction results are then processed into jelly candy with the best sensory results in the 15%:25% sample. This jelly candy product contains reduced sugar levels of 12.41%, vitamin C levels of 23.58 mg/100g, total phenol levels of 47.58 mg/100g, total flavonoid levels of 18.80 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity amounting to 28.24 mg/100g.

Keywords: extraction, jelly candy, kecombrang, MAE, rosella
Research, Development and Implementation of Methods for Determining Surface Density and Mass Fraction of Elements for Multilayer and Multicomponent Coatings by X-Ray Fluorescence Method
Authors: Vasiliev A. S. 
Published: July 2024

Metal coatings provide products with the necessary technical characteristics; in particular, they increase corrosion resistance and protect against mechanical abrasion. The application of metal coatings is a promising direction and is widely used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, and other industries. Therefore, studying the properties and improving the technology of applying metal coatings is a significant and sought-after line of activity for metrology researchers. The needs of industry in the field of monitoring the parameters of single-layer and single-component coatings in the Russian Federation are fully satisfied. At the beginning of this study, the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements provided a comprehensive list of reference materials of surface density and thickness of single-layer onecomponent coatings that were tested using the State Primary Standard for units of surface density and mass fraction of elements in coatings GET 168-2015. The needs for testing, verification, and calibration of instruments for measuring surface density, thickness, and chemical composition of multilayer and multicomponent coatings remained not fully met, which became the starting point for this research.The research presented in the article was carried out in order to develop methods for determining the surface density and mass fraction of elements for multilayer and multicomponent coatings on GET 168-2015. At the same time, the problem of developing a set of reference materials of surface density and mass fraction of elements in two-layer and two-component coatings for metrological support of the corresponding measuring instruments was solved.The article fully reveals the content of the work to improve metrological support for measuring surface density, thickness, and mass fraction of elements in coatings, taking into account the needs of industry in the field of monitoring coating parameters and the variety of measurement tasks that are constantly expanding.
ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM SECTOR CONTRIBUTION TO THE IMPROVEMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Habsari Hillary Netty , Hutabarat Darme Esther Mastina 
Published: July 2024

<p>This research aims to determine the effect of the degree of number of tourists, the number of tourist attractions, hotel occupancy rates, and the average length of stay of tourists on economic growth using the parameters of the Gross Regional Domestic Product. This research was conducted on all regencies or cities in Central Java Province with a total of 35 regencies or in the period 2009-2018. The data source used in this study is secondary data taken from the Central Statistics Agency page and the Youth, Sports, and Tourism Office which are then further processed. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression test using panel data. The results of the study showed that the number of tourists, the number of tourist attractions, and the average length of stay of each tourist had a positive and significant impact on Gross Regional Domestic Product, while hotel room occupancy rates did not have any effect on Gross Regional Domestic Product. In addition to the number of tourists, the number of tourist attractions, hotel room occupancy rates, and the average length of stay of tourists simultaneously or together have a significant effect on Gross Regional Domestic Product. From this research it can be concluded that the tourism sector is able to make a major contribution to economic growth.</p>
<em>Hanoverian to Windsor Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty</em>. Edited by Aidan Norrie, Carolyn Harris, J.L. Laynesmith, Danna R. Messer, and Elena Woodacre. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. ISBN 978-3-031-12828-8 (hardback). xxi + 301 pp. &pound;109.99.
Authors: Humphries Amy-Jane 
Published: July 2024

Review of Norrie, A., Carolyn Harris, J.L. Laynesmith, Danna R. Messer, and Elena Woodacre (eds.), Hanoverian to Windsor Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023).
Morphological characteristics analysis of femoral neck fracture in children
Authors: Zhao Niu-Niu , Gu Xue-Lian , Dai Zhen-Zhen , Wu Chen-Chen , Zhang Tian-Yi , Li Hai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the morphological characteristics of pediatric femoral neck fracture (FNF) from clinical cases by fracture mapping technology and to analyze the relationship between fracture classifications and age.
Methods
The CT data were collected from 46 consecutive pediatric inpatients diagnosis of FNF from March 2009 to December 2022. The fracture imaging were reconstructed in three dimensions and performed simulated anatomical reduction by Mimics and 3-matic. Both Delbet classification and Pauwels angle classification were documented according to the fracture line in each patient. Furthermore, all of the fracture lines in these patients were superimposed to form a fracture map and a heat map.
Results
This study included 24 boys and 22 girls (average age, 9.61 ± 3.17 years (4 to 16 years)). The fracture lines of anterior and superior femoral neck were found to be mainly located in the middle and lower regions of the femoral neck, while fracture lines of posterior and inferior neck were mainly concentrated in the middle region. Most children younger than 10 years had Delbet Ⅲ type of fracture (69%), whereas those older than 10 years had Delbet Ⅱ type of fracture (73%). Furthermore, most children had Pauwels angle III type of fracture (63%), especially in those over 10 years old (80%) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
FNF in children are predominantly located in the middle and lower regions of the neck. Older children may be prone to be affected with higher fracture location of FNF or unstable type of fracture.
Correlation of Melatonin and Cortisol in Bipolar Depression: A Preliminary Small-Sample Study
Authors: Liu Yi , Chen Mengfei , Li Na 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

【Background】 To dynamically monitor the plasma melatonin and cortisol levels in patients with bipolar depressive episodes, to improve polysomnography, and to analyze the circadian rhythm characteristics of patients with bipolar depression, we explore the value of circadian rhythm disorders diagnosed bipolar depression.【Methods】A total of 54 subjects were included, comprising 16 cases of bipolar depression, 12 cases of unipolar depression, 11 cases of bipolar depression in remission, and 15 healthy controls. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the plasma melatonin and cortisol levels of the four groups at 8 am, 12 am, 4 pm, 8 pm, and polysomnography were determined.
【Results】 The plasma melatonin levels at 8 am in the bipolar depression group were higher than those in the unipolar depression group at 8 am(mean difference = 22.504, t = 2.833, P = 0.014), but the plasma melatonin levels at 8pm were lower than those in the unipolar depression group at 8pm(mean difference = -2.471, t = -2.506, P = 0.006). And the plasma cortisol levels in the bipolar depressive episode group at 8 am (mean difference = 57.411, t = 2.623, P = 0.001), 12 pm (mean difference = 39.276, t = 2.879, P < 0.001), and 8 pm (mean difference = 62.692, t = 2.697, P = 0.001) were higher than those in the unipolar depression group at the same time.
【Conclusion】Patients with bipolar depression have a dysregulation of plasma melatonin and cortisol levels, with circadian rhythm disturbances, and these disturbances may contribute to the diagnosis of bipolar depression.
Dynamic ctDNA tracking stratifies individual relapse risk for early triple negative breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Shunying , Li Yudong , Wei Wei , Gong Chang , Wang Ting , Li Guangxin , Yao Feng , Ou Jiang-Hua , Xu Yan , Wu Wei , Jin Liang , Rao Nanyan , Nie Yan , Yu Fengyan , Jia Weijuan , Li Xingrui , Zhang Jun , Yang Hua-Wei , Yang Yaping , Wu Mengzi , Li Qin , Gong Yuhua , Li Fang , Yi Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Early Triple negative breast cancer (eTNBC) is the breast cancer subtype with the least favorable outcome. Tools to identify their individual relapse risk are in great need. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is shown to predict the prognosis in breast cancer, but its utility in eTNBC remains unclear.Patients and methods In this prospective study, 130 eTNBC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were successfully enrolled. Their blood samples were taken at the baseline, post-NAC, post-surgery and during follow-up, and were subjected to tumor-guided ctDNA analysis.Results ctDNA positivity at post-NAC and post-surgery, but not at baseline, was associated with significantly worse prognosis. A threshold of 1.1% maximum variant allele frequency (MVAF) at baseline better stratified eTNBC patients with different relapse risk, which was validated both internally and externally. A systemic tumor burden model integrating baseline and post-surgery ctDNA was highly prognostic and independent of clinical characteristics. Combining systemic tumor burden with pathologic response identified a highly curable subgroup and a subgroup of high-risk eTNBC patients that need more effective adjuvant treatments. ctDNA surveillance during follow-up showed that the patients with negative ctDNA had 100% distant recurrence free survival (DRFS), but the ones with positive ctDNA had high relapse rate with relatively short lead time.Conclusions This systemic ctDNA analysis from baseline to follow-up demonstrates the utility of baseline ctDNA with a threshold and a systemic tumor burden model in risk stratification of eTNBC patients, which may guide future treatment escalation or de-escalation trials.
Active Use of Latent Constituency Representation in both Humans and Large Language Models
Authors: Ding Nai , Liu Wei , Xiang Ming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Understanding how sentences are internally represented in the human brain, as well as in large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, is a major challenge for cognitive science. Classic linguistic theories propose that the brain represents a sentence by parsing it into hierarchically organized constituents. In contrast, LLMs do not explicitly parse linguistic constituents and their latent representations remains poorly explained. Here, we demonstrate that humans and LLMs construct similar latent representations of hierarchical linguistic constituents by analyzing their behaviors during a novel one-shot learning task, in which they infer which words should be deleted from a sentence. Both humans and LLMs tend to delete a constituent, instead of a nonconstituent word string. In contrast, a naive sequence processing model that has access to word properties and ordinal positions does not show this property. Based on the word deletion behaviors, we can reconstruct the latent constituency tree representation of a sentence for both humans and LLMs. These results demonstrate that a latent tree-structured constituency representation can emerge in both the human brain and LLMs.
A New Laboratory Study on the Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cellulose Ether Dosages on the Fresh and Hardened State Properties of Sustainable Flyash Mortar
Authors: Baah Wambley Adomako , Wu Yangfeng , Imurana Abdul-Aziz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sustainable Construction with cement-based composites implies the reduction of the negative impact of the whole construction process on the environment while achieving economic and social sustainability. Notably, multiple studies have been conducted on individual application of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ethers in mortars but none have considered their combined effect on flyash mortar. This study shows the effect of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether on sustainable fly ash mortar's fresh and hardened state properties with defoamer and naphthalene-based water reducer. Utilizing natural river sand with particle sizes ranging from 0.08 to 5mm, cementitious mortar with up to 50% Ordinary Portland cement replacement using Class F fly ash was prepared. Characterisation of the sand reveals mud particle content (< 0.2%) for densification aid. Optimal dosages were determined: 0.6% Naphthalene-based water reducer and 0.62% defoamer of total binder weight. Excess defoamer adversely affected viscosity and bulk density, impacting fresh and hardened mortar properties. Combined polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose ether dosage not exceeding 0.37% of binder weight in the presence of water reducer and defoamer was found to avoid adverse effects. These findings offer insights for optimizing fly ash mortar formulations in sustainable engineering construction applications.
Public Perceptions Related to Healthcare Preparedness to Anti-Amyloid Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease in Japan
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Niimi Yoshiki , Ihara Ryoko , Iwata Atsushi , Suzuki Kazushi , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki , Higashi Shinji , Igarashi Ataru , Kasuga Kensaku , Awata Shuichi , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The approval of lecanemab, an anti-amyloid therapy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), necessitates addressing healthcare preparedness for disease-modifying treatment (DMT) to ensure appropriate, safe, and sustainable drug administration. Understanding public perceptions on this matter is crucial. We aimed to assess discrepancies and similarities in the perceptions of Japanese trial-ready cohort study (‘J-TRC webstudy’) participants and clinical specialists in the fields of dementia treatment and radiology, concerning affairs related to challenges in DMT preparedness.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional prospective observational study conducted in November-December 2023. The J-TRC webstudy participants were invited to participate in an online survey using Google Forms, and clinical specialists were invited to complete a mail-based survey. Main questionnaire items had been designed to be common in both surveys, and their responses were analyzed for participant attributes, interests, attitudes, expectations, and concerns about DMTs without specifying lecanemab.
Results
Responses were obtained from n = 2,050 J-TRC webstudy participants and n = 1,518 clinical specialists. Compared to specialists, more J-TRC respondents perceived the eligible proportion for DMT as smaller (59.1% versus 30.7%), perceived the eligible severity for DMT as more limited (58.0% versus 24.5%), and perceived the efficacy of DMT as slightly more encouraging (29.3% versus 34.8%). In terms of treatment prioritization, both J-TRC respondents and specialist respondents exhibited similar levels of acceptance for prioritizing patients to treat: e.g., approximately two-thirds endorsed patient prioritization under hypothetical resource constraints or other reasons. A medical rationale emerged as the most compelling reason for acceptance of patient prioritization across the surveys. In contrast, the need to address vulnerable populations was the reason that led to the least acceptance of prioritization, followed by socioeconomic considerations.
Conclusions
Our findings offer valuable insights into the discrepancies in knowledge and perception between patients and healthcare providers. This could enhance the delivery of patient information in clinical settings and inform the discussion surrounding patient prioritization strategies.
Exploring Patterns of Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Consumption: An Epidemiological Study in Northwestern Iran (Urmia City, 2022)
Authors: Moharamzade Elham , Oshnouei Sima , Heidari Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background The prevalence of methamphetamine consumption among youth in Iran is high, but there is a lack of information in provincial level. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of methamphetamine use in city of Urmia in the Northwest of Iran.
Method Data of study was collected from patients referred to the Food and Drug Administration of Urmia University of Medical Sciences between December 2021 and May 2022. We calculate the prevalence of legal Ritalin use in the city and describe the characteristics of the patients. The ordinal logistic regression model was employed to explore the moderating effects of studied factors on drug consumption levels. Analysis was done in STATA 15.
Results A total of 473 individuals sought Ritalin, with 314 (66.3%) being male. The prevalence of legal Ritalin use in Urmia during the first six months of 2022 was 85.3 per 100,000 people. The majority of individuals were under 20 years old 305 (64.4%). There was a significant difference in the age distribution between male and female (P< 0.001). The most common reason for referral was ADHD & ADD, with 354 individuals (74.8%), and the majority of visitors had an elementary and middle school education 226 (47.7%). University students mainly 34 (55.7) use Ritalin to focus on studding.
Conclusion Students are in high-risk groups for Ritalin misuse. Considering the cultural and social conditions of Iran, the actual prevalence of drug consumption are likely to be much higher than reported, to accurately estimate the volume of this problem, more extensive studies using more accurate methods are needed.
Prominent impacts of hydrologic scaling laws on climate risks
Authors: Shen Chaopeng , Song Yalan , Clark Martyn , Liu Jiangtao , Halgren James , Lawson Kathryn 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Climate risk assessments typically focus on large rivers, but water availability and excess critically depend on catchment area. The enigmatic yet paramount scaling relationships have for decades remained poorly understood and thus under-represented in Earth System models. With state-of-the-art physics-informed artificial intelligence, we learned scaling relationships from >3000 basins, highlighting overlooked climate risks. Catchment-area scaling has outsized impacts on mean specific water supply (arid-basin median ~25%), groundwater ratio (~30%), and runoff climate sensitivities to temperature (>200%) and precipitation (~10%), with distinct regional patterns. In arid regions, as catchment area increases, mean streamflow supply declines by 25% (median) at ~50km length scale (increasing with aridity) when groundwater return flow balances stream water loss. Floods in headwater catchments have larger sensitivity to precipitation intensification, while baseflows downstream are more susceptible to temperature changes. Physics-informed learning demonstrates a systematic solution to spatial scaling and elucidates the fine-scale distribution of climate risks across communities.