bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(+)‐9‐Benzyloxy‐α‐Dihydrotetrabenazine as an Important Intermediate for the VMAT2 Imaging Agents: Absolute Configuration and Chiral Recognition
Authors: liu Chunyi , Chen Zhengping , Li Xiaomin , Tang Jie , Qin Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article reports, for the first time, on the absolute configuration of (+)‐9‐benzyloxy‐α‐dihydrotetrabenazine (8), as determined from the perspective of X‐ray crystallography. Compound 8 was prepared by a six‐step reaction using 3‐benzyloxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (1) as a starting material. The X‐ray crystal diffraction structure of two compounds, racemic 9‐benzyloxy‐tetrabenazine (5) and the diastereomeric salt of compound 8, is also described for the first time in this article. The X‐ray results and the chiral HPLC helped elucidate that compound 8 has an absolute configuration as 2R,3R,11bR. The crystal structure of racemic compound 5 contains two symmetry‐ independent molecules in the unit cell. Interestingly, while they are structural isomers, they are enantiomers, too, i.e., in solution, because they are not mirror images of each other in the crystal lattice. In order to elucidate the intermolecular interaction mechanism of the diastereomeric salt of compound 8, its crystal packing was investigated with regard to the weak interactions, such as salt bridge, OH…O and CH…O hydrogen bonds, and intermolecular CH…π interaction. The results showed that the carbonyl‐assisted salt bridges and the OH…O hydrogen bonds formed polar columns in the crystal structure of the diastereomeric salt of compound 8, resembling butterflies with open wings as viewed along the c‐axis. These polar columns were extended to three‐dimensional network by intermolecular CH…O hydrogen bonds and intermolecular CH…π interactions. Chirality, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on the flow structure and its effects on the interaction and formation of cryogenic taylor bubbles by PIV technique and POD analysis
Authors: Liu Yi‐Peng , Wang Ping‐Yang , Zhao Xian‐Lin , Du Zhao‐Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe flow structures around continuous cryogenic Taylor bubbles in the concentric glass tube with different diameters were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique under various inclination angles. Optical distortions produced by tube curvature and the refractive index differences between tube and fluid were corrected using ray tracing method. Based on the PIV results, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method was used to investigate the effect of flow structure on the interaction of Taylor bubbles through the large‐scale turbulent structures of POD modes. Four best‐fitted curves for Taylor bubble interaction for different inclination angles were represented. A correlation for Taylor bubble formation was developed with the consideration of turbulence suppression, tube inner diameter, fluid properties, inclination angle, etc. The results demonstrate that the minimum stable distance attains the smallest value at . The correlation for Taylor bubble formation shows good agreement with the experimental data both in the present study and from its references.
Turbulence effects on the granular model of particle motion in a boundary layer flow
Authors: Dehghan Maziar , Basirat Tabrizi Hassan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrediction of particle velocity in a dilute turbulent gas–particle flow nearby a flat solid boundary is investigated numerically using a fully Eulerian two‐fluid model. The particulate phase model is based on the kinetic theory of granular flow. The turbulence in both phases is modelled. Inter‐particle and particle‐wall inelastic collisions are considered. Effects of presence/absence of particulate phase turbulence modelling on velocity of particles are investigated. Results indicate that turbulence modelling is necessary for particulate phase, but conventional models should be modified to consider particulate flow nature. Effects of free stream velocity and particle diameter on turbulence modelling results have been discussed.
Transfer of spatial search between environments in human adults and young children (Homo sapiens): Implications for representation of local geometry by spatial systems
Authors: Lew Adina R. , Usherwood Barrie , Fragkioudaki Frantzeska , Koukoumi Varvara , Smith Shamus P. , Austen Joe M. , McGregor Anthony 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhether animals represent environmental geometry in a global and/or local way has been the subject of recent debate. We applied a transfer of search paradigm between rectangular‐ and kite‐shaped arenas to examine the performance of human adults (using virtual environments) and children of 2.5–3.5 years (using real arenas). Adults showed robust transfer to a congruent corner in a kite‐shaped arena, following training in a rectangular‐shaped arena in two paradigms modeled on those used with rats and young children respectively. In contrast, the children showed no evidence of transfer of search, despite above chance performance in the rectangular arena, and above chance performance in a study where search occurred in the kite arena only. The pattern of findings suggests global aspects of environmental geometry may be used to re‐establish heading, and that the matching of elements of local geometry in new global contexts may be an advanced developmental achievement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 421–434, 2014.
T‐cell‐derived, but not B‐cell‐derived, IL‐10 suppresses antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in Litomosoides sigmodontis‐infected mice
Authors: Haben Irma , Hartmann Wiebke , Specht Sabine , Hoerauf Achim , Roers Axel , Müller Werner , Breloer Minka 
Published: March 2013

IL‐10, a cytokine with pleiotropic functions is produced by many different cells. Although IL‐10 may be crucial for initiating protective Th2 responses to helminth infection, it may also function as a suppressive cytokine preventing immune pathology or even contributing to helminth‐induced immune evasion. Here, we show that B cells and T cells produce IL‐10 during murine Litomosoides sigmodontis infection. IL‐10‐deficient mice produced increased amounts of L. sigmodontis‐specific IFN‐γ and IL‐13 suggesting a suppressive role for IL‐10 in the initiation of the T‐cell response to infection. Using cell type‐specific IL‐10‐deficient mice, we dissected different functions of T‐cell‐ and B‐cell‐derived IL‐10. Litomosoides sigmodontis‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐5, and IL‐13 production increased in the absence of T‐cell‐derived IL‐10 at early and late time points of infection. In contrast, B‐cell‐specific IL‐10 deficiency did not lead to significant changes in L. sigmodontis‐specific cytokine production compared to WT mice. Our results suggest that the initiation of Ag‐specific cellular responses during L. sigmodontis infection is suppressed by T‐cell‐derived IL‐10 and not by B‐cell‐derived IL‐10.
Interactions between Keggin Anions in Water: The Higher Their Charge, the Higher Their Condensation? A Simulation Study
Authors: Chaumont Alain , Wipff Georges 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInvited for the front cover of the Cluster Issue on Polyoxometalates is the group of Georges Wipff at the University of Strasbourg. The cover image shows the interaction of POMs with various components of the solution and their adsorption at the interface.
Volatile constituents of blue‐coloured hybrid tea rose flowers
Authors: Joichi Atsushi , Nakamura Yasuko , Haze Shinichiro , Ishikawa Takahiro , Atoji Hiroyuki , Nishida Takashi , Sakurai Kazutoshi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe volatile constituents of ‘Blue Moon’ and ‘Blue Perfume’ rose flowers, which, on an olfactory basis, are classified as a ‘blue type’ were analysed using Aromascope® technology (modified headspace technology) and solvent extraction methods followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. One hundred and eighty components were identified in the headspace volatile components of ‘Blue Moon’ flower and 188 components were identified in solvent extracts. Among them, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, 1,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐methylbenzene and dihydro‐β‐ionol were identified as the main odour components. On the other hand, in ‘Blue Perfume’, 165 components were identified in the headspace volatile components and 150 components were identified in solvent extracts. Among them, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, neral, and geranial were identified as the major odour compounds. From both rose flowers, three components were newly identified: 2‐isopropyl‐4‐methylthiazole, (Z)‐cyclododec‐9‐enolide (yuzu lactone), and methyl cis‐(Z)‐jasmonate. 2‐Isopropyl‐4‐methylthiazole and methyl cis‐(Z)‐jasmonate were identified in both of the headspace components and solvent extracts of the two types of rose flower, and then yuzu lactone was identified only in solvent extracts as the one of the minor components. Several components identified in both flowers have asymmetric carbon atoms in their molecules, leading us to analyse their chirality. For the first time, the enantiomer ratios of linalool, (E)‐nerolidol, theaspiranes and dihydro‐β‐ionol could be assigned by multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results were as follows in both rose flowers. The ratio of the (S)‐enantiomer vs. the (R)‐enantiomer of linalool was 8:92. Only the (S)‐enantiomer was detected for (E)‐nerolidol and dihydro‐β‐ionol. The ratios of the (2R,5R)‐enantiomer vs. the (2S,5S)‐enantiomer in theaspirane A and the (2R,5S)‐enantiomer vs. the (2S,5R)‐enantiomer in theaspirane B were about 4:96. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral laser microsurgery followed by radiation therapy for oropharyngeal tumors: The mayo clinic arizona experience
Authors: Patel Samir H. , Hinni Michael L. , Hayden Richard E. , Wong William W. , Dueck Amylou C. , Zarka Matthew A. , Curtis Kelly K. , Halyard Michele Y. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to report the treatment outcomes of patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) followed by radiation therapy (RT) at Mayo Clinic in Arizona.MethodsA retrospective study of 80 patients treated from January 1, 2000 to November 7, 2011 was performed. All patients had stage III/IV oropharyngeal tumors and underwent TLM with neck dissection. Adjuvant RT was then given. Thirty‐seven patients received concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary outcome was locoregional control.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 47.3 months (range, 9.7–139.2 months). The 3‐year locoregional control, recurrence‐free survival, and overall survival rates were 98.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91% to 100%), 91.1% (95% CI, 81% to 96%), and 93.7% (95% CI, 84% to 98%), respectively. There were a total of 5 treatment failures, 1 regional and 4 distant. Twenty‐six patients underwent neck only RT with exclusion of the primary site.ConclusionTLM followed by RT for advanced oropharyngeal cancer results in excellent locoregional control rates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 220–225, 2014
Solid freeform fabrication of porous calcium polyphosphate structures for bone substitute applications: In vivo studies
Authors: Shanjani Yaser , Hu Youxin , Toyserkani Ehsan , Grynpas Marc , Kandel Rita A. , Pilliar Robert M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPorous calcium polyphosphate (CPP) structures with 30 volume percent porosity and made by solid freeform fabrication (SFF) were implanted in rabbit femoral condyle sites for 6‐wk periods. Two forms of SFF implants with different stacked layer orientation were made in view of prior studies reporting on anisotropic/orthotropic mechanical properties of structures so formed. In addition, porous CPP implants of equal volume percent porosity made by conventional sintering and machining methods were prepared. Bone ingrowth and in vivo degradation of the three different implant types were compared using back‐scattered scanning electron microscopy (BS‐SEM) of implant samples and quantitative analysis of the images. The results indicated bone ingrowth with all samples resulting in 30–40% fill of available porosity by bone within the 6‐wk period. In the 6‐wk in vivo period, approximately 7–9% loss of CPP by degradation had occurred. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Mechanical characterization of self‐assembling peptide hydrogels by microindentation
Authors: Hammond Nathan A. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHydrogels formed from self‐assembling synthetic oligopeptides have been studied for almost 2 decades for use in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Although a great deal has been learned about the microstructure of these materials, there remain questions about how peptide filaments are ordered to form a gel. These unanswered questions leave a disconnect between our understanding of the observed nanoscale mechanical properties of peptide filaments and the macroscale properties of the gels they constitute. This study helps to bridge this gap by examining the role of filament length and interfilament crosslinks in determining bulk mechanical properties. Microindentation was used for mechanical characterization, and microstructure was observed using thin‐section transmission electron microscopy images of gels embedded in resin. Results suggest a gel structure in which filaments are not densely bundled as previously suggested and confirm that crosslinking can be an effective strategy to increase the stiffness of self‐assembling oligopeptide gels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2013.
Methylation of the PTPRO gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma and identification of VCP as its substrate
Authors: Hsu Shu‐hao , Motiwala Tasneem , Roy Satavisha , Claus Rainer , Mustafa Mufaddal , Plass Christoph , Freitas Michael A. , Ghoshal Kalpana , Jacob Samson T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have previously reported that the gene encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type‐O (PTPRO) is suppressed by promoter methylation in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and it functions as tumor suppressor in leukemia and lung cancer. Here, we explored the methylation and expression of PTPRO as well as its function in human HCC. MassARRAY analysis of primary human HCC and matching liver samples (n = 24) revealed significantly higher (P = 0.004) methylation density at the promoter CGI in tumors. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) of another set of human HCC samples (n = 17) demonstrated that the CGI was methylated in 29% of tumors where expression of PTPRO was lower than that in corresponding matching livers. A substrate‐trapping mutant of PTPRO that stabilizes the bound substrates was used to identify its novel substrate(s). VCP/p97 was found to be a PTPRO substrate by mass spectrometry of the peptides pulled down by the substrate‐trapping mutant of PTPRO. Tyrosyl dephosphorylation of VCP following ectopic expression of wild‐type PTPRO in H293T and HepG2 cells confirmed that it is a bona fide substrate of PTPRO. Treatment of PTPRO overexpressing HepG2 cells with Doxorubicin, a DNA damaging drug commonly used in therapy of primary HCC, sensitized these cells to this potent anticancer drug that correlated with dephosphorylation of VCP. Taken together, these results demonstrate methylation and downregulation of PTPRO in a subset of primary human HCC and establish VCP as a novel functionally important substrate of this tyrosine phosphatase that could be a potential molecular target for HCC therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1810–1818, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of exposure to estradiol and estradiol plus testosterone on the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) female prostate
Authors: Da Silva Diego Augusto Lopes , Zanatelli Marianna , Shinohara Filipe Zardini , Góes Rejane Maira , Dos Santos Fernanda Cristina Alcântara , Vilamaior Patricia Simone Leite , Taboga Sebastião Roberto 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe female prostate is a differentiated organ found in several mammal species, including humans and rodents. This gland has been related to important functions on female reproductive biology. Although the factors, which regulate prostate's development and activity are not well known, its functionality has been related to steroid hormones. It is well established that cyclic changes of estradiol and progesterone levels promote histophysiological adaptations of the whole female body. In contrast, only a few is found about those adaptations in female prostate. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of estradiol and estradiol + testosterone association on gerbil female prostate in order to verify, which hormonal associations are necessary to its homeostasis. For this, adult females had the ovaries surgically removed. After recovering, they received estradiol and estradiol + testosterone doses through 30 days, each 48 h. The prostatic tissue underwent morphological and morphometric‐estereological analysis. Hormonal restriction caused great gland involution and decreased secretory activity, aspects that were reverted by exposure to estradiol and estradiol + testosterone. However, these hormones were not able to re‐establish the normal prostate histoarchitecture. The immunoreaction of steroid receptors (ER‐α, ER‐β, and AR) responded differently among the experimental and control groups, and PCNA assay showed a decrease in epithelial cell proliferation within groups that had hormone privation. Therefore, we conclude that estradiol and testosterone are able to influence prostate morphophysiology and the maintenance of gland homeostasis depends on a balance among these and other hormones. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:486–495, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large mixed complexes involving uracil, cytosine, thymine and/or 1‐methyl uracil around Ca2+ ions: an electrospray ionization/MS study
Authors: Emilie‐Laure Zins 
Published: March 2013

We investigated the possible formation of mixed BnB′n′Ca2+ complexes where B and B′ are two different nucleobases. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric experiments from solutions containing two different kinds of nucleobases and calcium ions were carried out to investigate the formation of magic number clusters that may be relevant in a biological point of view. The results presented here clearly show that mixed complexes can be formed and are stable in the gas phase. This represents an important step toward more complex solutions in which several nucleobases are present simultaneously and may compete in the formation of cationized clusters. We believe that thorough investigations on such systems may help understanding biological processes that may effect the tridimensional structure of the DNA macromolecule.The formation of mixed hexamers, decamers, dodecamers and tetradecamers are clearly favored from solution containing uracil (Ura), thymine (Thy) and Ca2+, whereas mixed octamers are preferred from 1‐methyl uracil (MeU), uracil and Ca2+ mixtures. Cytosine (Cyto) can form mixed complexes with either uracil or 1‐methyl uracil or thymine. On the other hand, the main species formed in these latter cases are mixed tetramers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective clinical trial of diagnostic peritoneal lavage to detect positive peritoneal cytology in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Mezhir James J. , Posner Mitchell C. , Roggin Kevin K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPositive peritoneal cytology equates M1 disease in patients with gastric cancer. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is a proven test to detect occult visceral injury in trauma patients. The objective of this study is to determine whether DPL can be used to assess peritoneal cytology in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsPatients with gastric adenocarcinoma were prospectively enrolled to undergo DPL prior to diagnostic laparoscopy (DL). Saline was instilled through a percutaneous catheter and fluid was collected for cytology (DPL‐cyt). Washings obtained during DL were used as controls (DL‐cyt).ResultsDPL was successful in 22/27 patients (81.5%). Among the 22 successful DPLs, 12 had positive cytology (54.5%). Positive DPL‐cyt specimens matched DL‐cyt specimens in 12/12 cases (specificity = 100%). One of 10 cases with negative DPL‐cyt was positive on the final DL‐cyt (sensitivity = 92%). There were six patients with negative DPL‐cyt who had visible M1 disease diagnosed with DL (DPL evaluation of M1 disease, sensitivity 54.5%, specificity = 100%).ConclusionsDPL is a safe method of detecting positive cytology in patients with gastric cancer, however gross M1 disease may be missed without visual inspection. The specific role of DPL in the staging workup of patients with gastric cancer remains to be determined. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:794–798. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deviated nose correction
Authors: Cho Gye Song , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe present study analyzed 631 deviated nose cases to determine the overall success rate of correction, the treatment outcomes according to the different types of deviation, and the revision rate.Study DesignCase series study.MethodsWe reviewed 631 patients who underwent rhinoplasty for correction of a deviated nose with a minimum follow‐up of 18 months. Surgical outcomes were classified as excellent, good, fair, or no change. Deviations were classified into five types: type I, a straight tilted bony pyramid with straight tilted cartilaginous vault in the opposite direction; type II, a straight tilted bony pyramid with concavely or convexly bent cartilaginous vault; type III, a straight bony pyramid with tilted cartilaginous vault; type IV, a straight bony pyramid with bent cartilaginous vault, and type V, a straight tilted bony pyramid and tilted cartilaginous dorsum in the same direction.ResultsPostoperative assessment showed that 80.2% of the 631 patients had successful (excellent or good) outcomes, and 19.8% had unsuccessful (fair or no change) outcomes. Deformities of types I through V occurred in 169 (26.8%), 139 (22.0%), 150 (23.8%), 101 (16.0%), and 72 (11.4%) patients, respectively, of whom 34 (20.1%), 39 (28.1%), 11 (7.3%), 11 (10.9%), and 30 (41.7%) had unsuccessful outcomes. Analysis showed that the frequency of unsuccessful outcomes differed according to the deviation type (P < .001). Forty‐one patients (6.5%) required revision rhinoplasty owing to dissatisfaction.ConclusionsAn unsatisfactory surgical outcome is a significant risk following surgical correction of a deviated nose. The type of deviation affects the likelihood of a successful outcome.Level of Evidence4.