bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual epistemic dependence and the demographic divine hiddenness problem
Authors: BAKER-HYTCH MAX 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn his article ‘Divine hiddenness and the demographics of theism’ (Religious Studies, 42 (2006), 177–191) Stephen Maitzen develops a novel version of the atheistic argument from divine hiddenness according to which the lopsided distribution of theistic belief throughout the world's populations is much more to be expected given naturalism than given theism. I try to meet Maitzen's challenge by developing a theistic explanation for this lopsidedness. The explanation I offer appeals to various goods that are intimately connected with the human cognitive constitution, and in particular, with the way in which we depend upon social belief-forming practices for our acquisition of much of our knowledge about the world – features about us that God would value but that also make probable a lopsided distribution of theistic belief, or so I argue.
EARLY FORMATIVE ANTHROPOMORPHIC FIGURINES FROM LA JOYA, SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO
Authors: Arnold Philip J. , Follensbee Billie J. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper describes Early Formative (3250–2700 b.p., uncalibrated) anthropomorphic figurines from the site of La Joya, located in the Tuxtla Mountains of southern Veracruz, Mexico. Although recovered within the region traditionally identified as the “Olmec Heartland,” the La Joya figurine collection diverges in some fundamental ways from other published Early Formative Gulf Olmec collections. While the torsos from La Joya generally reflect the poses, postures, and costumes noted at contemporaneous sites, the La Joya figurine heads display characteristics that rarely conform to the traditional “San Lorenzo” stylistic canons. Rather, the overwhelming majority of figurine heads are similar to the Trapiche figurines from north-central Veracruz. These differences suggest that myriad intra- and interregional connections characterized Early Formative occupation along the southern Gulf lowlands. This variation also raises concerns regarding the suitability of the San Lorenzo material as necessarily “representative” of Early Formative Gulf Olmec lifeways.
A NEW ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER ATTRIBUTION OF THE “GREAT GODDESS” OF TEOTIHUACAN
Authors: Mandell Elisa C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study explores the identification and gender attribution of the “Great Goddess” of Teotihuacan through re-examining what purportedly constitutes feminine and masculine in these representations. Recent efforts to reattribute this deity's gender have not offered satisfactory re-interpretations, but instead reify a binary model of Western ideas of gender. Transcending this binary model, I propose that one of the key figures identified as female—the central figure from the Tepantitla mural at Teotihuacan—can better be said to show characteristics of a mixed gender, a tradition for which there is significant precedence in the Americas.
THE ROOTS OF SOTUTA: DZITAS SLATE AS A YUCATECAN TRADITION
Authors: Johnson Scott A. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Sotuta pottery complex has been used in the archaeology of the northern Maya lowlands to identify the Terminal Classic period and cultural association with Chichen Itza. The Sotuta complex, however, is made up of many pottery types, the majority of which are inappropriate markers of elite sociopolitical history. It is argued here that Sotuta-complex slate wares developed out of previous local slate wares regardless of the elite sociopolitical changes taking place with the arrival of the Itza. The wares produced and distributed by commoners were independent of elites and have been artificially chained to questions of elite political expansion for which they are inappropriate correlates.
THE MAKING OF THE MAP: THE ORIGIN AND LESSONS OF THE TEOTIHUACAN MAPPING PROJECT
Authors: Millon René , Altschul Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe mapping of the ancient city of Teotihuacan was an archaeological project of singular importance in the history of archaeology. In this paper, we discuss the origin and history of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) through a series of personal vignettes written by the project's leader, René Millon, which are put into larger context by Jeff Altschul, one of the many students who worked on the project. We examine the characteristics that led to the TMP's successes and its shortcomings and discuss lessons learned that may be of value to planning future big, complex archaeological projects. We argue that above all, a big project needs a big problem to solve. In the case of the TMP, the problem was the origin of the city. Marshaling a team of diverse talents, Millon and his colleagues were able to make many key decisions in ways that successfully overcame problems that had not been heretofore confronted by archaeologists. These decisions include the use of low-altitude aerial photography, the definition of sites to include nonliving urban spaces, the sampling of surface artifacts, strategic test excavations, computerized data management and sophisticated statistical analyses, and a unique manner of publication. Less successful was the project's record in publishing descriptive data. The project's success lay in its ability to take on an important problem and to follow through, even though some tasks required decades to complete and others remain to be completed.
THE TEOTIHUACAN MAPPING PROJECT: EXPERIENCES WITH DATA FILES, BIG QUESTIONS, AND SOME RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR TEOTIHUACAN
Authors: Cowgill George L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper summarizes some accomplishments of the Teotihuacan Mapping Project, with particular attention to issues of accuracy and validity. I then describe experiences and lessons learned in creating electronic files derived from Mapping Project field records and collections. I sketch questions about the city and state of Teotihuacan that loom especially large in my own thinking. Finally, I list some specific field projects at Teotihuacan that I think should be given high priority, as well as opportunities with curated materials, records, and electronic files.
KAT5-mediated SOX4 acetylation orchestrates chromatin remodeling during myoblast differentiation
Authors: Jang S-M , Kim J-W , Kim C-H , An J-H , Johnson A , Song P I , Rhee S , Choi K-H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTranscription factor SOX4 has been implicated in skeletal myoblast differentiation through the regulation of Cald1 gene expression; however, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying this process is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that SOX4 acetylation at lysine 95 by KAT5 (also known as Tip60) is essential for Cald1 promoter activity at the onset of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. KAT5 chromodomain was found to facilitate SOX4 recruitment to the Cald1 promoter, which is involved in chromatin remodeling at the promoter. Chromatin occupancy analysis of SOX4, KAT5, and HDAC1 indicated that the expression of putative SOX4 target genes during C2C12 myoblast differentiation is specifically regulated by the molecular switching of the co-activator KAT5 and the co-repressor HDAC1 on SOX4 transcriptional activation.
Sparsity-based Ankylography for Recovering 3D molecular structures from single-shot 2D scattered light intensity
Authors: Mutzafi Maor , Shechtman Yoav , Eldar Yonina C. , Cohen Oren , Segev Mordechai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDeciphering the three-dimensional (3D) structure of complex molecules is of major importance, typically accomplished with X-ray crystallography. Unfortunately, many important molecules cannot be crystallized, hence their 3D structure is unknown. Ankylography presents an alternative, relying on scattering an ultrashort X-ray pulse off a single molecule before it disintegrates, measuring the far-field intensity on a two-dimensional surface, followed by computation. However, significant information is absent due to lower dimensionality of the measurements and the inability to measure the phase. Recent Ankylography experiments attracted much interest, but it was counter-argued that Ankylography is valid only for objects containing a small number of volume pixels. Here, we propose a sparsity-based approach to reconstruct the 3D structure of molecules. Sparsity is natural for Ankylography, because molecules can be represented compactly in stoichiometric basis. Utilizing sparsity, we surpass current limits on recoverable information by orders of magnitude, paving the way for deciphering the 3D structure of macromolecules.
Structural mechanism for signal transduction in RXR nuclear receptor heterodimers
Authors: Kojetin Douglas J. , Matta-Camacho Edna , Hughes Travis S. , Srinivasan Sathish , Nwachukwu Jerome C. , Cavett Valerie , Nowak Jason , Chalmers Michael J. , Marciano David P. , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Shulman Andrew I. , Rance Mark , Griffin Patrick R. , Bruning John B. , Nettles Kendall W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA subset of nuclear receptors (NRs) function as obligate heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR), allowing integration of ligand-dependent signals across the dimer interface via an unknown structural mechanism. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography and hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry, here we show an allosteric mechanism through which RXR co-operates with a permissive dimer partner, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, while rendered generally unresponsive by a non-permissive dimer partner, thyroid hormone (TR) receptor. Amino acid residues that mediate this allosteric mechanism comprise an evolutionarily conserved network discovered by statistical coupling analysis (SCA). This SCA network acts as a signalling rheostat to integrate signals between dimer partners, ligands and coregulator-binding sites, thereby affecting signal transmission in RXR heterodimers. These findings define rules guiding how NRs integrate two ligand-dependent signalling pathways into RXR heterodimer-specific responses.
Plasticity and ductility in graphene oxide through a mechanochemically induced damage tolerance mechanism
Authors: Wei Xiaoding , Mao Lily , Soler-Crespo Rafael A. , Paci Jeffrey T. , Huang Jiaxing , Nguyen SonBinh T. , Espinosa Horacio D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ability to bias chemical reaction pathways is a fundamental goal for chemists and material scientists to produce innovative materials. Recently, two-dimensional materials have emerged as potential platforms for exploring novel mechanically activated chemical reactions. Here we report a mechanochemical phenomenon in graphene oxide membranes, covalent epoxide-to-ether functional group transformations that deviate from epoxide ring-opening reactions, discovered through nanomechanical experiments and density functional-based tight binding calculations. These mechanochemical transformations in a two-dimensional system are directionally dependent, and confer pronounced plasticity and damage tolerance to graphene oxide monolayers. Additional experiments on chemically modified graphene oxide membranes, with ring-opened epoxide groups, verify this unique deformation mechanism. These studies establish graphene oxide as a two-dimensional building block with highly tuneable mechanical properties for the design of high-performance nanocomposites, and stimulate the discovery of new bond-selective chemical transformations in two-dimensional materials.
Dipeptide species regulate p38MAPK–Smad3 signalling to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells
Authors: Naka Kazuhito , Jomen Yoshie , Ishihara Kaori , Kim Junil , Ishimoto Takahiro , Bae Eun-Jin , Mohney Robert P. , Stirdivant Steven M. , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu , Kim Dong-Wook , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Takihara Yoshihiro , Kato Yukio , Ooshima Akira , Kim Seong-Jin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the specific survival of the rare chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) stem cell population could provide a target for therapeutics aimed at eradicating these cells. However, little is known about how survival signalling is regulated in CML stem cells. In this study, we survey global metabolic differences between murine normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and CML stem cells using metabolomics techniques. Strikingly, we show that CML stem cells accumulate significantly higher levels of certain dipeptide species than normal HSCs. Once internalized, these dipeptide species activate amino-acid signalling via a pathway involving p38MAPK and the stemness transcription factor Smad3, which promotes CML stem cell maintenance. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of dipeptide uptake inhibits CML stem cell activity in vivo. Our results demonstrate that dipeptide species support CML stem cell maintenance by activating p38MAPK–Smad3 signalling in vivo, and thus point towards a potential therapeutic target for CML treatment.
Transcriptional regulation of Annexin A2 promotes starvation-induced autophagy
Authors: Moreau Kevin , Ghislat Ghita , Hochfeld Warren , Renna Maurizio , Zavodszky Eszter , Runwal Gautam , Puri Claudia , Lee Shirley , Siddiqi Farah , Menzies Fiona M. , Ravikumar Brinda , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAutophagy is an important degradation pathway, which is induced after starvation, where it buffers nutrient deprivation by recycling macromolecules in organisms from yeast to man. While the classical pathway mediating this response is via mTOR inhibition, there are likely to be additional pathways that support the process. Here, we identify Annexin A2 as an autophagy modulator that regulates autophagosome formation by enabling appropriate ATG9A trafficking from endosomes to autophagosomes via actin. This process is dependent on the Annexin A2 effectors ARP2 and Spire1. Annexin A2 expression increases after starvation in cells in an mTOR-independent fashion. This is mediated via Jun N-terminal kinase activation of c-Jun, which, in turn, enhances the trans-activation of the Annexin A2 promoter. Annexin A2 knockdown abrogates starvation-induced autophagy, while its overexpression induces autophagy. Hence, c-Jun-mediated transcriptional responses support starvation-induced autophagy by regulating Annexin A2 expression levels.
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on fronto-parietal phase coupling
Authors: Polanía Rafael , Moisa Marius , Opitz Alexander , Grueschow Marcus , Ruff Christian C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhich meal would you like today, chicken or pasta? For such value-based choices, organisms must flexibly integrate various types of sensory information about internal states and the environment to transform them into actions. Recent accounts suggest that these choice-relevant processes are mediated by information transfer between functionally specialized but spatially distributed brain regions in parietal and prefrontal cortex; however, it remains unclear whether such fronto-parietal communication is causally involved in guiding value-based choices. We find that transcranially inducing oscillatory desynchronization between the frontopolar and -parietal cortex leads to more inaccurate choices between food rewards while leaving closely matched perceptual decisions unaffected. Computational modelling shows that this exogenous manipulation leads to imprecise value assignments to the choice alternatives. Thus, our study demonstrates that accurate value-based decisions critically involve coherent rhythmic information transfer between fronto-parietal brain areas and establishes an experimental approach to non-invasively manipulate the precision of value-based choices in humans.
Characterization of hepatic lipid profiles in a mouse model with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and subsequent fibrosis
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Uebanso Takashi , Maekawa Keiko , Ishikawa Masaki , Taguchi Ryo , Nammo Takao , Nishimaki-Mogami Tomoko , Udagawa Haruhide , Fujii Masato , Shibazaki Yuichiro , Yoneyama Hiroyuki , Yasuda Kazuki , Saito Yoshiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major health problem since it often leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanisms of NASH development and subsequent fibrosis have yet to be clarified. We compared comprehensive lipidomic profiles between mice with high fat diet (HFD)-induced steatosis and STAM mice with NASH and subsequent fibrosis. The STAM mouse is a model that demonstrates NASH progression resembling the disease in humans: STAM mice manifest NASH at 8 weeks, which progresses to fibrosis at 12 weeks and finally develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall, 250 lipid molecules were detected in the liver using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that STAM mice with NASH presented a significantly higher abundance of sphingolipids and lower levels of triacylglycerols than the HFD-fed control mice. The abundance of certain fatty acids in phospholipid side chains was also significantly different between STAM and control mice, although global levels of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were comparable. Finally, increase in levels of acylcarnitines and some diacylglycerols was observed in STAM mice toward the fibrosis stage, but not in age-matched control mice. Our study provides insights into the lipid status of the steatotic, NASH and fibrotic liver that would help elucidate the molecular pathophysiology of NASH progression.
Dynamic scalp topography reveals neural signs just before performance errors
Authors: Ora Hiroki , Sekiguchi Tatsuhiko , Miyake Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPerformance errors may cause serious consequences. It has been reported that ongoing activity of the frontal control regions across trials associates with the occurrence of performance errors. However, neural mechanisms that cause performance errors remain largely unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that some neural functions required for correct outcomes are lacking just before performance errors and to determine this lack of neural function we applied a spatiotemporal analysis to high-density electroencephalogram signals recorded during a visual discrimination task, a d2 test of attention. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a difference in the temporal development of scalp ERP between trials with error and correct outcomes as seen by topography during the d2 test of attention. We observed differences in the signal potential in the frontal region and then the occipital region between reaction times matched with correct and error outcomes. Our observations suggest that lapses of top-down signals from frontal control regions cause performance errors just after the lapses.
Early pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy modelled in patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Shoji Emi , Sakurai Hidetoshi , Nishino Tokiko , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Heike Toshio , Awaya Tomonari , Fujii Nobuharu , Manabe Yasuko , Matsuo Masafumi , Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal muscle degenerating disease caused by a dystrophin deficiency. Effective suppression of the primary pathology observed in DMD is critical for treatment. Patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising tool for drug discovery. Here, we report an in vitro evaluation system for a DMD therapy using hiPSCs that recapitulate the primary pathology and can be used for DMD drug screening. Skeletal myotubes generated from hiPSCs are intact, which allows them to be used to model the initial pathology of DMD in vitro. Induced control and DMD myotubes were morphologically and physiologically comparable. However, electric stimulation of these myotubes for in vitro contraction caused pronounced calcium ion (Ca2+) influx only in DMD myocytes. Restoration of dystrophin by the exon-skipping technique suppressed this Ca2+ overflow and reduced the secretion of creatine kinase (CK) in DMD myotubes. These results suggest that the early pathogenesis of DMD can be effectively modelled in skeletal myotubes induced from patient-derived iPSCs, thereby enabling the development and evaluation of novel drugs.
Elevated serum transaminase activities were associated with increased serum levels of iron regulatory hormone hepcidin and hyperferritinemia risk
Authors: An Peng , Wang Hao , Wu Qian , Guo Xin , Wu Aimin , Zhang Zhou , Zhang Di , Xu Xiaochen , Mao Qianyun , Shen Xiaoyun , Zhang Lihong , Xiong Zhiqi , He Lin , Liu Yun , Min Junxia , Zhou Daizhan , Wang Fudi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIron imbalance is a feature of liver damage. However, the biological correlation of serum hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, with liver malfunction is undefined. To this end, we piloted the Chinese population studies to address whether hepcidin is linked to liver functionality. The serum hepcidin, ferritin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and bilirubin were examined in two independent Chinese cohorts consisted of 3455 individuals. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, smoking habits, drinking categories and diabetic status, a positive association between hepcidin and alanine transaminase (ALT) (beta = 0.18 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001) was discovered using linear regression in a cohort consisting of 1813 individuals. This association was then validated in the second independent cohort of 1642 individuals (beta = 0.08 ± 0.02, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, consistent with cohort study, by applying both CCl4 and lipopolysaccharide induced mouse liver injury models, at least 2-fold elevations in hepcidin expression, serum ALT and inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were discovered during the initiation stage of liver injury. Our findings suggest that increased serum hepcidin may reflect a protective response to the iron status and elevated serum cytokines during liver injury. Additional studies are warranted to validate these findings and test their potential clinical relevance in patients.
Electronic control of coherence in a two-dimensional array of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers
Authors: Taylor R. J. E. , Childs D. T. D. , Ivanov P. , Stevens B. J. , Babazadeh N. , Crombie A. J. , Ternent G. , Thoms S. , Zhou H. , Hogg R. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate a semiconductor PCSEL array that uniquely combines an in-plane waveguide structure with nano-scale patterned PCSEL elements. This novel geometry allows two-dimensional electronically controllable coherent coupling of remote vertically emitting lasers. Mutual coherence of the PCSEL elements is verified through the demonstration of a two-dimensional Young’s Slits experiment. In addition to allowing the all-electronic control of the interference pattern, this type of device offers new routes to power and brightness scaling in semiconductor lasers and opportunities for all-electronic beam steering.
Ferroelectric-like metallic state in electron doped BaTiO3
Authors: Fujioka J. , Doi A. , Okuyama D. , Morikawa D. , Arima T. , Okada K. N. , Kaneko Y. , Fukuda T. , Uchiyama H. , Ishikawa D. , Baron A. Q. R. , Kato K. , Takata M. , Tokura Y. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report that a ferroelectric-like metallic state with reduced anisotropy of polarization is created by the doping of conduction electrons into BaTiO3, on the bases of x-ray/electron diffraction and infrared spectroscopic experiments. The crystal structure is heterogeneous in nanometer-scale, as enabled by the reduced polarization anisotropy. The enhanced infrared intensity of soft phonon along with the resistivity reduction suggests the presence of unusual electron-phonon coupling, which may be responsible for the emergent ferroelectric structure compatible with metallic state.