bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sialadenitis following low dose I-131 diagnostic thyroid scan with Thyrogen® (recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone - thyrotropin alfa)
Authors: Gonzalez Marta E , Eluvathingal Muttikkal Thomas Jose , Rehm Patrice K 
Published: July 2015

Salivary dysfunction and sialadenitis are well known complications of radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer. The parotid gland is more frequently affected and the salivary gland injury is dose related. The symptoms may develop shortly after therapeutic Iodine 131(I-131) administration or months later and progress with time. The development of unilateral parotiditis following a low dose, diagnostic I-131 scan performed following Thyrogen stimulation in a patient without prior history of sialadenitis is rare in our experience, and has not been reported in the medical literature.
Perturbatio, frugalitas, and bene beateque uiuendum: Ciceronian Philosophy as Ciceronian Defense in Pro Rege Deiotaro
Authors: Hanchey Daniel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Just as Cicero’s dialogues and treatises incorporate the rhetorical strategies of his oratory, his defense of Deiotarus bears marks from the philosophical writings that constituted most of Cicero’s output in the mid 40s BCE. Cicero shapes his defense around Deiotarus’ character, emphasizing not his royal valor and worth, but his philosophical virtue. Such virtue consoles him and furnishes him with an avenue towards good living despite the decreased potency of his old age. This pattern of defense closely resembles Cicero’s self-description in his philosophical works, wherein philosophy becomes a source of consolation for his own political impotence occasioned by the ascendancy of Caesar.
In the Land of the Giants: Greek and Roman Discourses on Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields
Authors: Connors Catherine 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Even before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, some remarked on the area’s resemblance to the known dangers of Sicily’s Mount Etna. This awareness was expressed in observational accounts of Vesuvius’ geology and in mythical stories that linked Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields with battles by Jove or Hercules against the giants. This article explores the ways in which observational and mythical accounts of Vesuvius and the Phlegraean fields can inform each other.
Development and Evaluation of a Logical Delta Check for Identifying Erroneous Blood Count Results in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Miller Ira 
Published: July 2015

ContextDelta checks have been suggested to increase patient safety by identifying preanalytic and analytic errors, including wrong name mislabeling on the sample tube.ObjectiveTo implement an effective and practical complete blood cell count (CBC) delta check by optimizing specificity and sensitivity using weighted deltas of multiple parameters.DesignThe mean red blood cell volume (MCV) delta (&gt;3.0 fL) check was retrospectively assessed. The composite CBC delta (CCD) test was formulated using serial same-patient CBC data and random interpatient CBCs. The logical delta check (LDC) ignores CCD failures due to platelet change only. The effect of LDC implementation was evaluated.ResultsThe MCV delta check test recognized only 3 of 6 confessed mislabeled specimens in the initial review period, whereas all were identified using the CCD. The LDC flagged 2% (205 of 13 234) of eligible results, one-third as many as the MCV delta check. The CCD and LDC checks revealed 20 presumed or confirmed mislabeling events, only half of which were caught by the MCV delta check. Thirty-four percent of LDC failures not due to transfusion reflected problematic results, including presumed or confirmed wrongly labeled patient samples (36% of flags for real problems). Implementation of the LDC, requiring immediate verbal feedback to the caregivers, was associated with more retracted erroneous results in patients' medical records.ConclusionsThe MCV delta check test was found not to have led to correction of errors in our laboratory due to impractically low specificity and sensitivity. The LDC is a useful tool for identifying preanalytic and analytic specimen problems, including wrong name mislabeling on the sample tube.
VIS‐NIR reflectance of water ice/regolith analogue mixtures and implications for the detectability of ice mixed within planetary regoliths
Authors: Yoldi Zuriñe , Pommerol Antoine , Jost Bernhard , Poch Olivier , Gouman Julien , Thomas Nicolas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPermanently shadowed regions at the poles of the Moon and Mercury have been pointed out as candidates for hosting water ice at their surface. We have measured in the laboratory the visible and near infrared spectral range (VIS‐NIR) bidirectional reflectance of intimate mixtures of water ice and the JSC‐1AF lunar simulant for different ice concentrations, particle sizes, and measurement geometries. The nonlinearity between the measured reflectance and the amount of ice in the mixture can be reproduced to some extent by the mixing formulas of standard reflectance models, in particular, those of Hapke and Hiroi, which are tested here. Estimating ice concentrations from reflectance data without knowledge of the mixing coefficients—strongly dependent on the size/shape of the grains—can result in large errors. According to our results, it is possible that considerable amounts of water ice might be intimately mixed in the regolith of the Moon and Mercury without producing noticeable photometric signatures.
Titan's asymmetric lake distribution mediated by methane transport due to atmospheric eddies
Authors: Lora Juan M. , Mitchell Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe hemispheric asymmetry of Titan's surface methane has been proposed to be a consequence of orbital forcing affecting Titan's hydrologic cycle, but the mechanism behind asymmetrical transport of moisture remains to be examined. Using general circulation model simulations of Titan's atmosphere, we show that atmospheric moisture transport by three‐dimensional tropospheric eddies is critical in generating Titan's surface liquid asymmetry. Comparison of axisymmetric and three‐dimensional simulations demonstrates that a significant asymmetry only develops in the latter case. Analysis of the components of the three‐dimensional moisture transport reveals that nonaxisymmetric eddies transport methane away from the poles and into the midlatitudes, where they transfer moisture into the cross‐equatorial transport by the mean meridional circulation, producing an atmospheric “bucket brigade.” Because these high‐latitude, baroclinic eddies are more intense in the south than in the north, the net transport is preferentially northward, with the northern hemisphere gaining surface liquid at the expense of the southern hemisphere.
3D hybrid simulations of the interaction of a magnetic cloud with a bow shock
Authors: Turc L. , Fontaine D. , Savoini P. , Modolo R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the interaction of a magnetic cloud (MC) with a planetary bow shock using hybrid simulations. It is the first time to our knowledge that this interaction is studied using kinetic simulations which include self‐consistently both the ion foreshock and the shock wave dynamics. We show that when the shock is in a quasi‐perpendicular configuration, the MC's magnetic structure in the magnetosheath remains similar to that in the solar wind, whereas it is strongly altered downstream of a quasi‐parallel shock. The latter can result in a reversal of the magnetic field north‐south component in some parts of the magnetosheath. We also investigate how the MC affects in turn the outer parts of the planetary environment, i.e., from the foreshock to the magnetopause. We find the following: (i) The decrease of the Alfvén Mach number at the MC's arrival causes an attenuation of the foreshock region because of the weakening of the bow shock. (ii) The foreshock moves along the bow shock's surface, following the rotation of the MC's magnetic field. (iii) Owing to the low plasma beta, asymmetric flows arise inside the magnetosheath, due to the magnetic tension force which accelerates the particles in some parts of the magnetosheath and slows them down in others. (iv) The quasi‐parallel region forms a depression in the shock's surface. Other deformations of the magnetopause and the bow shock are also highlighted. All these effects can contribute to significantly modify the solar wind/magnetosphere coupling during MC events.
Macroscopic quasi‐linear theory and particle‐in‐cell simulation of helium ion anisotropy instabilities
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Seough Jungjoon , Hwang Junga , Nariyuki Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe protons and helium ions in the solar wind are observed to possess anisotropic temperature profiles. The anisotropy appears to be limited by various marginal instability conditions. One of the efficient methods to investigate the global dynamics and distribution of various temperature anisotropies in the large‐scale solar wind models may be that based upon the macroscopic quasi‐linear approach. The present paper investigates the proton and helium ion anisotropy instabilities on the basis of the quasi‐linear theory versus particle‐in‐cell simulation. It is found that the overall dynamical development of the particle temperatures is quite accurately reproduced by the macroscopic quasi‐linear scheme. The wave energy development in time, however, shows somewhat less restrictive comparisons, indicating that while the quasi‐linear method is acceptable for the particle dynamics, the wave analysis probably requires higher‐order physics, such as wave‐wave coupling or nonlinear wave‐particle interaction.
Creep behavior of Fe‐bearing olivine under hydrous conditions
Authors: Tasaka Miki , Zimmerman Mark E. , Kohlstedt David L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo understand the effect of iron content on the creep behavior of olivine, (MgxFe(1 − x))2SiO4, under hydrous conditions, we have conducted tri‐axial compressive creep experiments on samples of polycrystalline olivine with Mg contents of x = 0.53, 0.77, 0.90, and 1. Samples were deformed at stresses of 25 to 320 MPa, temperatures of 1050° to 1200°C, a confining pressure of 300 MPa, and a water fugacity of 300 MPa using a gas‐medium high‐pressure apparatus. Under hydrous conditions, our results yield the following expression for strain rate as a function of iron content for 0.53 ≤ x ≤ 0.90 in the dislocation creep regime:
. In this equation, the strain rate of San Carlos olivine,
, is a function of T, σ, and
. As previously shown for anhydrous conditions, an increase in iron content directly increases creep rate. In addition, an increase in iron content increases hydrogen solubility and therefore indirectly increases creep rate. This flow law allows us to extrapolate our results to a wide range of mantle conditions, not only for Earth's mantle but also for the mantle of Mars.
Impact of multicomponent ionic transport on pH fronts propagation in saturated porous media
Authors: Muniruzzaman Muhammad , Rolle Massimo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe investigate the propagation of pH fronts during multicomponent ionic transport in saturated porous media under flow‐through conditions. By performing laboratory bench‐scale experiments combined with numerical modeling, we show the important influence of Coulombic effects on proton transport in the presence of ionic admixtures. The experiments were performed in a quasi two‐dimensional flow‐through setup under steady‐state flow and transport conditions. Dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid with MgCl2 (1:2 strong electrolyte) were used as tracer solutions to experimentally test the effect of electrochemical cross coupling on the migration of diffusive/dispersive pH fronts. We focus on two experimental scenarios, with different composition of tracer solutions, causing remarkably different effects on the propagation of the acidic fronts with relative differences in the penetration depth of pH fronts of 36% between the two scenarios and of 25% and 15% for each scenario with respect to the transport of ions at liberated state (i.e., without considering the charge effects). Also differences in the dilution of the distinct ions plumes up to 28% and 45% in experiment 1 and 2, respectively, were measured at the outflow of the flow‐through system. The dilution of the pH plumes also changed considerably (26% relative difference) in the two flow‐through experiments only due to the different composition of the pore water solution and to the electrostatic coupling of the ions in the flow‐through setups. Numerical transport simulations were performed to interpret the laboratory experiments. The simulations were based on a multicomponent ionic formulation accurately capturing the Coulombic interactions between the transported ions in the flow‐through system. The results of purely forward simulations show a very good agreement with the high‐resolution measurements performed at the outlet of the flow‐through setup and confirms the importance of charge effects on pH transport in porous media.
Chlamydia
Authors: Kuo Cho‐Chou , Stephens Richard S. , Bavoil Patrik M. , Kaltenboeck Bernhard 
Published: July 2015

Chla.my'di.a. Gr. fem. n.chlamys, chlamydisa cloak; N.L. fem. n.Chlamydiaa cloak.Chlamydiae / Chlamydiia / Chlamydiales / Chlamydiaceae / ChlamydiaCoccoid,nonmotile,obligate intracellular organisms,0.2–1.5μm in diameter that parasitize and multiply in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells within membrane bound vacuoles,termed inclusions,by a unique developmental cycle. The cycle is characterized by physical changes in the outer membrane and nucleoid structure of metabolically inert elementary bodies that change into larger metabolically active reticulate bodies that divide by binary fission. The cycle is complete when reticulate bodies reorganize into intermediate bodies then to elementary bodies that exit the host cells and start a new generation of the developmental cycle. In a young inclusion, only reticulate bodies are present. However in a mature inclusion, all three forms (reticulate, intermediate, and elementary bodies) are present because the developmental cycle is not synchronized. The intracellular survival of the organism is facilitated by its ability to prevent fusion of lysosomes to chlamydia‐containing inclusions by an unknown mechanism.DNA G+C content(mol%): 39–45.Type species:Chlamydia trachomatis(Busacca 1935) Rake 1957, 958AL[Rickettsia trachomae(sic) Busacca 1935, 567].
Halobacterium
Authors: Grant William D. 
Published: July 2015

Ha.lo.bac.te' ri.um
. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
the sea, salt; Gr. n.
bakterion
a small rod; M.L. neut. n.
Halobacterium
salt bacterium.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halobacterium
Under optimum growth conditions cells are rod shaped (0.5–1.2 × 1.0–6.0 µm). Pleomorphic forms common (bent and swollen rods, flat ribbons, clubs, spheres). Cells divide by constriction. No known resting stages. Stain Gram‐negative but no outer membrane is present. Motile by tufts of polar flagella. Some strains have gas vacuoles. Most strains are strict aerobes, but some exhibit facultatively anaerobic growth. Oxidase and catalase positive. Extremely halophilic with growth occurring in media containing 3.0–5.2 M NaCl. Most strains grow best at 3.5–4.5 M NaCl. Optimum temperature: 35–50°C; maximum, 55°C; minimum, 15–20°C. pH range, 5.5–8.5. Chemoorganotrophic. Amino acids required for growth. Most strains are proteolytic.

The mol
%
G
+
C of the DNA is
: 67.1–71.2 (major component) and 57–60 (minor component).

Type species
:
Halobacterium salinarum
corrig. (Harrison and Kennedy 1922) Elazari‐Volcani 1957, 208; emend. Larsen 1 9 8 4, 262; emend. Larsen and Grant 1989, 2222; emend. Ventosa and Oren 1996, 347 (
Pseudomonas salinaria
Harrison and Kennedy 1922, 120;
Halobacterium halobium
(Petter 1931) Elazari‐Volcani 1957, 210;
Halobacterium cutirubrum
(Lochhead 1934) Elazari‐Volcani 1957, 209.)
GBA mutations are associated with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Gan‐Or Ziv , Mirelman Anat , Postuma Ronald B. , Arnulf Isabelle , Bar‐Shira Anat , Dauvilliers Yves , Desautels Alex , Gagnon Jean‐François , Leblond Claire S. , Frauscher Birgit , Alcalay Roy N. , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Bressman Susan B. , Marder Karen , Monaca Christelle , Högl Birgit , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Dion Patrick A. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Giladi Nir , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and GBA mutations are both associated with Parkinson's disease. The GBA gene was sequenced in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients (n = 265), and compared to controls (n = 2240). Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder questionnaire was performed in an independent Parkinson's disease cohort (n = 120). GBA mutations carriers had an OR of 6.24 (10.2% in patients vs. 1.8% in controls, P < 0.0001) for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and among Parkinson's disease patients, the OR for mutation carriers to have probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder was 3.13 (P = 0.039). These results demonstrate that rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is associated with GBA mutations, and that combining genetic and prodromal data may assist in identifying individuals susceptible to Parkinson's disease.
Fine mapping of chromosome 15q25 implicates ZNF592 in neurosarcoidosis patients
Authors: Lareau Caleb A. , Adrianto Indra , Levin Albert M. , Iannuzzi Michael C. , Rybicki Benjamin A. , Montgomery Courtney G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNeurosarcoidosis is a clinical subtype of sarcoidosis characterized by the presence of granulomas in the nervous system. Here, we report a highly significant association with a variant (rs75652600, P = 3.12 × 10−8, odds ratios = 4.34) within a zinc finger gene, ZNF592, from an imputation‐based fine‐mapping study of the chromosomal region 15q25 in African‐Americans with neurosarcoidosis. We validate the association with ZNF592, a gene previously shown to cause cerebellar ataxia, in a cohort of European‐Americans with neurosarcoidosis by uncovering low‐frequency variants with a similar risk effect size (chr15:85309284, P = 0.0021, odds ratios = 5.36).
tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide and Tetrabutylammonium Iodide‐Promoted Free Radical Cyclization of α‐Imino‐N‐arylamides and α‐Azido‐N‐arylamides
Authors: Li Dianjun , Yang Tonghao , Su Hailin , Yu Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe oxidizing system of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) is capable of generating α‐(arylaminocarbonyl)iminyl radicals from ethyl 2‐(N‐arylcarbamoyl)‐2‐iminoacetates. These iminyl radicals preferably undergo intramolecular ipso attack on the benzene ring to give azaspirocyclohexadienyl radicals, which are readily captured by molecular oxygen under an oxygen atmosphere to yield azaspirocyclohexadienones. In the absence of oxygen, the reaction affords quinoxalin‐2‐one products. This oxidizing system is also effective to convert α‐aryl‐α‐azido‐N‐arylamides to the corresponding iminyl radicals under basic conditions (sodium tert‐butoxide, t‐BuONa), and the subsequent cyclization of these iminyl radicals results in the formation of azaspirocyclohexadienone products in high yields under an oxygen atmosphere. Plausible mechanisms are proposed to rationalize the experimental results, and factors influencing the reactions are discussed.magnified image
Biosynthesis‐Assisted Structural Elucidation of the Bartolosides, Chlorinated Aromatic Glycolipids from Cyanobacteria
Authors: Leão Pedro N. , Nakamura Hitomi , Costa Margarida , Pereira Alban R. , Martins Rosário , Vasconcelos Vitor , Gerwick William H. , Balskus Emily P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe isolation of the bartolosides, unprecedented cyanobacterial glycolipids featuring aliphatic chains with chlorine substituents and C‐glycosyl moieties, is reported. Their chlorinated dialkylresorcinol (DAR) core presented a major structural‐elucidation challenge. To overcome this, we discovered the bartoloside (brt) biosynthetic gene cluster and linked it to the natural products through in vitro characterization of the DAR‐forming ketosynthase and aromatase. Bioinformatic analysis also revealed a novel potential halogenase. Knowledge of the bartoloside biosynthesis constrained the DAR core structure by defining key pathway intermediates, ultimately allowing us to determine the full structures of the bartolosides. This work illustrates the power of genomics to enable the use of biosynthetic information for structure elucidation.
Finely Tuned Polymer Interlayers Enhance Solar Cell Efficiency
Authors: Liu Yao , Page Zachariah A. , Russell Thomas P. , Emrick Todd 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThree conjugated polymer zwitterions (CPZs), containing thiophene‐, diketopyrrolopyrrole‐ (DPP), and naphthalene diimide (NDI) backbones, were synthesized with pendant zwitterions, specifically sulfobetaine groups. Diboronate‐ester‐functionalized bithiophene and benzothiadiazole monomers were copolymerized with zwitterion‐substituted dibromothiophene, DPP, and NDI monomers by A2+B2 Suzuki polymerization. The CPZs were incorporated into polymer solar cells (PSCs) as interlayers between the photoactive layer and Ag cathode. The thiophene‐based CPZs gave power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of about 5 %, while the narrow‐energy‐gap DPP‐ and NDI‐based CPZs performed exceptionally well, giving PCEs of 9.49 % and 10.19 %, respectively. The interlayer thickness had only a minor impact on the device performance for the DPP‐ and NDI‐CPZs, a finding attributed to their electron‐transport properties. Ultraviolet photoelectron and reflectance spectroscopies, combined with external quantum efficiency measurements, provided structure–property relationships that lend insight into the function of CPZ interlayers in PSCs. NDI‐based CPZ interlayers provide some of the best performing organic solar cells reported to date, and prove useful in conjunction with high‐performing polymer‐active layers and stable, high‐work‐function, metal cathodes.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Allylic CH Oxidation of Hindered Substrates Featuring Tunable Selectivity Over Extent of Oxidation
Authors: Xing Xiangyou , O'Connor Nicholas R. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe use of Oxone and a palladium(II) catalyst enables the efficient allylic CH oxidation of sterically hindered α‐quaternary lactams which are unreactive under known conditions for similar transformations. This simple, safe, and effective system for CH activation allows for unusual tunable selectivity between a two‐electron oxidation to the allylic acetates and a four‐electron oxidation to the corresponding enals, with the dominant product depending on the presence or absence of water. The versatile synthetic utility of both the allylic acetate and enal products accessible through this methodology is also demonstrated.
Sodium Salts of Anionic Chiral Cobalt(III) Complexes as Catalysts of the Enantioselective Povarov Reaction
Authors: Yu Jie , Jiang Hua‐Jie , Zhou Ya , Luo Shi‐Wei , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe sodium salts of anionic chiral cobalt(III) complexes (CCC−Na+) have been found to be efficient catalysts of the asymmetric Povarov reaction of easily accessible dienophiles, such as 2,3‐dihydrofuran, ethyl vinyl ether, and an N‐protected 2,3‐dihydropyrrole, with 2‐azadienes. Ring‐fused tetrahydroquinolines with up to three contiguous stereogenic centers were thus obtained in high yields, excellent diastereoselectivities (endo/exo up to >20:1), and high enantioselectivities (up to 95:5 e.r.).