bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cenobamate: real-world data from a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Lauxmann Stephan , Heuer David , Heckelmann Jan , Fischer Florian P. , Schreiber Melanie , Schriewer Elisabeth , Widman Guido , Weber Yvonne , Lerche Holger , Alber Michael , Schuh-Hofer Sigrid , Wolking Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials have shown that cenobamate (CNB) is an efficacious and safe anti-seizure medication (ASM) for drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Here, we analyzed one of the largest real-world cohorts, covering the entire spectrum of epilepsy syndromes, the efficacy and safety of CNB, and resulting changes in concomitant ASMs.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study investigating CNB usage in two German tertiary referral centers between October 2020 and June 2023 with follow-up data up to 27 months of treatment. Our primary outcome was treatment response. Secondary outcomes comprised drug response after 12 and 18 months, seizure freedom rates, CNB dosage and retention, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and changes in concomitant ASMs.

Results
116 patients received CNB for at least two weeks. At 6 months, 98 patients were eligible for evaluation. Thereof 50% (49/98) were responders with no relevant change at 12 and 18 months. Seizure freedom was achieved in 18.4% (18/98) at 6 months, 16.7% (11/66), and 3.0% (1/33) at 12 and 18 months. The number of previous ASMs did not affect the seizure response rate. Overall, CNB was well-tolerated, however, in 7.7% (9/116), ADRs led to treatment discontinuation. The most frequent changes of concomitant ASMs included the discontinuation or reduction of sodium channel inhibitors, clobazam reduction, and perampanel discontinuation, while brivaracetam doses were usually left unchanged.

Conclusions
CNB proved to be a highly effective and generally well-tolerated ASM in patients with severe drug-resistant epilepsy, comprising a broad array of epilepsy syndromes beyond focal epilepsy.
Changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging: a histologic and morphometric study
Authors: Arnal-Forné Marta , Molina-García Tamara , Ortega María , Marcos-Garcés Víctor , Molina Pilar , Ferrández-Izquierdo Antonio , Sepulveda Pilar , Bodí Vicente , Ríos-Navarro César , Ruiz-Saurí Amparo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkin represents the main barrier against the external environment, but also plays a role in human relations, as one of the prime determinants of beauty, resulting in a high consumer demand for skincare-related pharmaceutical products. Given the importance of skin aging in both medical and social spheres, the present research aims to characterize microscopic changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging (as opposed to aging influenced by external factors) via histological analysis of a photoprotected body region. Samples from 25 autopsies were taken from the periumbilical area and classified into four age groups: group 1 (0–12 years), group 2 (13–25 years), group 3 (26–54 years), and group 4 (≥ 55 years). Different traditional histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Masson’s trichrome, orcein, toluidine, Alcian blue, and Feulgen reaction) and immunohistochemical (CK20, CD1a, Ki67, and CD31) stains were performed. A total of 1879 images photographed with a Leica DM3000 optical microscope were morphometrically analyzed using Image ProPlus 7.0 for further statistical analysis with GraphPad 9.0. Our results showed a reduction in epidermis thickness, interdigitation and mitotic indexes, while melanocyte count was raised. Papillary but not reticular dermis showed increased thickness with aging. Specifically, in the papillary layer mast cells and glycosaminoglycans were expanded, whereas the reticular dermis displayed a diminution in glycosaminoglycans and elastic fibers. Moreover, total cellularity and vascularization of both dermises were diminished with aging. This morphometric analysis of photoprotected areas reveals that intrinsic aging significantly influences human skin composition. This study paves the way for further research into the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and into potential antiaging strategies.
Relaxin combined with transarterial chemoembolization achieved synergistic effects and inhibited liver cancer metastasis in a rabbit VX2 model
Authors: Wang Fuquan , Zhu Licheng , Xiong Fu , Chai Bin , Wang Jihua , Zhou Guofeng , Cao Yanyan , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect and mechanism of relaxin (RLX) in the growth and metastasis of livercancer after combination treatment with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and methods
HCCLM3 and Huh-7 cells were adopted to evaluate the effect of tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion after RLX administration in vitro. The rabbit VX2 model was used to evaluate the biosafety, doxorubicin penetration, local tumor response, tumor metastasis, and survival benefit of RLX combined with TACE treatment.

Results
RLX did not affect the proliferation, migration, or invasion of HCCLM3 and Huh-7 cells, and the expression of E-cadherin and HIF-1α also remained unchanged while the MMP-9 protein was upregulated in vitro. In the rabbit VX2 model, compared to the normal saline group (NS), RLX group (RLX) and TACE mono-therapy group (TACE), the group that received TACE combined with RLX (TACE + RLX) showed an improved local tumor response and survival benefit. Furthermore, TACE combined with RLX was found to reduce tumor metastasis. This combination therapy reduced the fibrotic extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment, allowing for better penetration of doxorubicin, improved infiltration of CD8+ T cells and affected the secretion of cytokines. Additionally, RLX combined with TACE was able to decrease the expression of HIF-1α and PD-L1. The biosafety of TACE combined with RLX was also confirmed.

Conclusion
RLX synergized with TACE by mitigating the fibrotic extracellular matrix and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, improving the therapeutic effect and inhibiting metastasis during the treatment of liver cancer.
Characterising, quantifying, and accessing eruption source parameters of explosive volcanic eruptions for operational simulation of tephra dispersion: a current view and future perspectives
Authors: Engwell Samantha , Mastin Larry G. , Bonadonna Costanza , Barsotti Sara , Deligne Natalia I. , Oladottir Bergrun A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEruption source parameters (ESPs) are crucial for characterising volcanic eruptions and are essential inputs to numerical models used for hazard assessment. Key ESPs of explosive volcanic eruptions include plume height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, and grain-size distribution. Some of these ESPs can be directly observed during an eruption, but others are difficult to measure in real-time, or indeed, accurately and precisely quantify afterwards. Estimates of ESPs for eruptions that cannot be observed, for example, due to the remote location of a volcano or poor weather conditions, are often defined using expert judgement and data from past eruptions, both from the volcano of interest and analogue volcanoes farther afield. Analysis of such information is time intensive and difficult, particularly during eruption response. These difficulties have resulted in the production of datasets to aid quick identification of ESPs prior to or during an eruption for use in operational response settings such as those at volcano observatories and Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres. These resources include the Mastin et al. (2009a) ESP dataset and the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes and European Catalogue of Volcanoes aviation tables. Here, we review and compare these resources, which take different approaches to assigning ESPs. We identify future areas for development of these resources, highlighting the need for frequent updates as more knowledge of volcanic activity is gained and as modelling capabilities and requirements change.
Obesity, organ failure, and transplantation: a review of the role of metabolic and bariatric surgery in transplant candidates and recipients
Authors: Ghanem Omar M. , Pita Alejandro , Nazzal Mustafa , Johnson Shaneeta , Diwan Tayyab , Obeid Nabeel R. , Croome Kristopher P. , Lim Robert , Quintini Cristiano , Whitson Bryan A. , Burt Holly Ann , Miller Charles , Kroh Matthew ,   SAGES & ASTS
Published: July 2024

AbstractObesity is a risk factor for kidney, liver, heart, and pulmonary diseases, as well as failure. Solid organ transplantation remains the definitive treatment for the end-stage presentation of these diseases. Among many criteria for organ transplant, efficient management of obesity is required for patients to acquire transplant eligibility. End-stage organ failure and obesity are 2 complex pathologies that are often entwined. Metabolic and bariatric surgery before, during, or after organ transplant has been studied to determine the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on transplant outcomes. In this review, a multidisciplinary group of surgeons from the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons and the American Society for Transplant Surgery presents the current published literature on metabolic and bariatric surgery as a therapeutic option for patients with obesity awaiting solid organ transplantation. This manuscript details the most recent recommendations, pharmacologic considerations, and psychological considerations for this specific cohort of patients. Since level one evidence is not available on many of the topics covered by this review, expert opinion was implemented in several instances. Additional high-quality research in this area will allow for better recommendations and, therefore, treatment strategies for these complex patients.
Pediatric acute kidney injury and adverse health outcomes: using a foundational framework to evaluate a causal link
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Forest Emma , Ulrich Emma , Sutherland Scott 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health problem, expensive to manage, and its associations with negative pediatric health outcomes have been clearly demonstrated. One of the most fundamental questions to consider as we use previous epidemiological information to advance research and care paradigms is the strength of the causal link between pediatric AKI and health outcomes. In this review, we apply the foundational framework of the Bradford Hill criteria to evaluate the extent to which a causal link exists between AKI and the associated adverse outcomes in children. Available data in children support a causal link between AKI and short-term outcomes including mortality, length of stay, and ventilation time. Clarifying the causal nature of longer term associations requires further high-quality observational studies in children, careful consideration of what defines the most meaningful and measurable longer term outcomes after pediatric AKI, and integration of evolving biological data related to mechanisms of disease. Preventing or mitigating AKI should lead to improved outcomes. Demonstrating such reversibility will solidify confidence in the causal relationship, improve child health, and highlight an aspect which is highly relevant to clinicians, scientists, and policy makers.
Graphical abstract
Ant Colony Optimization for solving Directed Chinese Postman Problem
Authors: Sgarro Giacinto Angelo , Santoro Domenico , Grilli Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) is a well-known optimization problem involving determining the shortest route, modeling the system as an undirected graph, for delivering mail, ensuring all roads are traversed while returning to the post office. The Directed Chinese Postman Problem (DCPP) extends the Chinese Postman Problem (CPP), where the underlying graph representing the system incorporates exclusively directed edges. Similarly to CPP, this problem has plenty of applications in route optimization, interactive system analysis, and circuit design problems. However, due to the added constraint (directionality of edges), DCPP results are more challenging to solve. Although methods to solve it in literature are proposed, typically by using minimum-cost-flow algorithms, the meta-heuristics approaches proposed to deal with it are very limited. In this paper, we propose an innovative meta-heuristic approach to solve DCPP by using an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, i.e., an algorithm that simulates in a simplified way the behavior of some species of ants to solve optimization problems. The efficiency of our ant colony optimization for solving the Directed Chinese Postman Problem (ACO-DCPP) is measured by comparing the ACO outcomes with the results obtained by a recursive algorithm that explores all the possible solutions. Results show that ACO-DCPP is stable and gets the global optimum frequently by using an extremely limited number of solutions explored.
Cai’s herbal tea enhances mitochondrial autophagy of type 1 diabetic mellitus β cells through the AMPK/mTOR pathway and alleviates inflammatory response
Authors: Li Hongchun , Gao Yanfei , Li Mengdi , Dong Yue , Chen Jie , Zhang Bingyue , Li Kaiqiang , Cai Yuqun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of Cai’s Herbal Tea in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) mice, focusing on its effects on mitochondrial change and autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.

Methods
The composition of Cai’s Herbal Tea was analyzed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). C57BL/6 mice and Min6 pancreatic beta cells were divided into control, diabetic mellitus (DM)/high glucose (HG), and treatment groups (low, medium, and high doses of Cai’s Tea, and Metformin). Key physiological parameters, pancreatic islet health, Min6 cell morphology, viability, and insulin (INS) secretion were assessed. Small Interfering RNA-AMPK (si-AMPK) was utilized to confirm the pathway involvement.

Results
Cai’s Herbal Tea improved body weight, pancreatic islet pathological injury, and INS secretion whereas reduced total triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, and Interferon gamma (INF-γ) in T1DM mice, particularly at higher doses. In Min6 cells, Cai’s Tea mitigated HG-induced damage and proinflammatory response, enhancing cell viability and INS secretion. Notably, it reduced swelling and improved cristae structure in treated groups of mitochondria and promoted autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway, evidenced by increased LC3II/LC3I and P-AMPK/AMPK ratios, and decreased P-mTOR/mTOR and P62 expressions in pancreatic islet β-cells. Furthermore, these effects were converted by si-AMPK interference.

Conclusion
Cai’s Herbal Tea exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in T1DM mice by improving mitochondrial health and inducing autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway in pancreatic islet β-cells. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic approach for T1DM management.
Back-and-Forth (BaF): a new greedy algorithm for geometric path planning of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Aslan Selcuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe autonomous task success of an unmanned aerial vehiclel (UAV) or its military specialization called the unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) has a direct relationship with the planned path. However, planning a path for a UAV or UCAV system requires solving a challenging problem optimally by considering the different objectives about the enemy threats protecting the battlefield, fuel consumption or battery usage and kinematic constraints on the turning maneuvers. Because of the increasing demands to the UAV systems and game-changing roles played by them, developing new and versatile path planning algorithms become more critical and urgent. In this study, a greedy algorithm named as the Back-and-Forth (BaF) was designed and introduced for solving the path planning problem. The BaF algorithm gets its name from the main strategy where a heuristic approach is responsible to generate two predecessor paths, one of which is calculated from the start point to the target point, while the other is calculated in the reverse direction, and combines the generated paths for utilizing their advantageous line segments when obtaining more safe, short and maneuverable path candidates. The performance of the BaF was investigated over three battlefield scenarios and twelve test cases belonging to them. Moreover, the BaF was integrated into the workflow of a well-known meta-heuristic, artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, and detailed experiments were also carried out for evaluating the possible contribution of the BaF on the path planning capabilities of another technique. The results of the experiments showed that the BaF algorithm is able to plan at least promising or generally better paths with the exact consistency than other tested meta-heuristic techniques and runs nine or more times faster as validated through the comparison between the BaF and ABC algorithms. The results of the experiments further proved that the integration of the BaF boosts the performance of the ABC and helps it to outperform all of fifteen competitors for nine of twelve test cases.
Assessing tungsten-based electrodes coated with W and Ce oxides for pH sensing applications
Authors: Díaz-Ballote Luis , Vega-Lizama Elsy Tarly , López Luis Maldonado , González-Gómez William Santiago 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study assessed tungsten-based materials with and without dispersed CeO2 for potential use as pH sensors. Specifically, three types of tungsten electrodes were characterized: tungsten electrodes without CeO2 but with native oxide, tungsten electrodes without CeO2 that were oxidized, and a tungsten electrode containing dispersed CeO2 that was oxidized, resulting in a mixture of WO3, CeO2, and Ce2O3. The characterization was performed using SEM/EDAX, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical techniques. The oxide coatings showed higher oxygen contents compared to native tungsten. XPS confirmed the presence of a thick layer of WO3 and cerium oxides. The electrodes exhibited good reproducibility and stability in pH measurements. A linear relationship was found between the open circuit potential and pH, with slopes of 44.9, 40.8, and 46.9 mV pH−1 for native oxide, WO3, and WO3 with CeO2 and Ce2O3, respectively. The latter showed the highest sensitivity and lowest hysteresis. The response times ranged from 14.5–23.5 s and were faster in acidic solutions. Overall, the inexpensive tungsten-based electrodes demonstrated promising capabilities for pH sensing, but in particular ceriated tungsten electrodes.
Analysis of MR–VR tele-operation methods for legged-manipulator robots
Authors: Cruz Ulloa Christyan , Domínguez David , del Cerro Jaime , Barrientos Antonio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe development of immersive technologies in recent years has facilitated the control and execution of tasks at a high level of complexity in robotic systems. On the other hand, exploration and manipulation tasks in unknown environments have been one of the main challenges in search and rescue (SAR) robotics. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved in autonomous manipulation tasks in unstructured environments, these are usually tele-operated initially. This article addresses a comparative study between Mixed Reality (MR—Hololens) and Virtual Reality (VR—HTC-Vive) methods for teleoperating legged-manipulator robots in the context of search and rescue. For this purpose, a teleoperation robotics method was established to address the comparison, developing VR–MR interfaces with the same contextualization and operational functionality for mission management and robot control of a robotic set composed of a quadrupedal robot equipped with a 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF) manipulator, by a user using hand gestures. A set of metrics is proposed for the comparative evaluation of the interfaces considering parameters that allow analyzing operability in the context of the mission (latencies, physical parameters of the equipment, etc.), as well as from the aspect of operator performance (required training, confidence levels, etc.). The experimental phase was conducted using both on-site and remote operations to evaluate and categorize the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Location and capacity allocation for emergency contact points in large-scale power outages
Authors: Truden Christian , Wankmüller Christian , Zehetner Dominik , Gansterer Margaretha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, industry and individuals alike are highly dependent on a reliable power supply. A large-scale power outage, commonly known as a “blackout” is caused by natural disasters, cyber attacks, technical failure, or human errors, and can lead to a variety of severe consequences. The far-reaching dynamics of blackouts can even result in the collapse of critical public service infrastructure reliant on electricity (e.g., communication, water supply, medical services, public safety). Particularly, the loss of information and communication infrastructure essential to reporting medical emergencies, and the collapse of the drinking water supply are two critical stressors for the population to cope with. One attempt to tackle this situation is to install temporary emergency contact points (ECPs) into existing infrastructure. These can be approached by the population to communicate with medical personnel and to receive drinking water. Different types of professional personnel, which is a limited resource, are required to run such ECPs. Our study introduces this tactical decision problem. We formulate it as an integer linear program for the optimal spatial allocation of ECPs, such that multiple types of human resources that are required for operating such locations can be efficiently assigned. A comprehensive numerical study, based on data of the City of Vienna, demonstrates how to reduce the walking distance of inhabitants while increasing the efficiency of resource allocation. Matrix pruning based on an enforced limit of the walking distances together with a decomposition approach is utilized to solve the considered instances.
A Hilbert–Mumford criterion for polystability for actions of real reductive Lie groups
Authors: Biliotti Leonardo , Windare Oluwagbenga Joshua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study a Hilbert–Mumford criterion for polystablility associated with an action of a real reductive Lie group G on a real submanifold X of a Kähler manifold Z. Suppose the action of a compact Lie group with Lie algebra

$$\mathfrak {u}$$

u

extends holomorphically to an action of the complexified group

$$U^{\mathbb {C}}$$

U
C

and that the U-action on Z is Hamiltonian. If

$$G\subset U^{\mathbb {C}}$$

G
⊂

U
C

is compatible, there is a corresponding gradient map

$$\mu _\mathfrak {p}: X\rightarrow \mathfrak {p}$$

μ
p

:
X
→
p

, where

$$\mathfrak {g}= \mathfrak {k}\oplus \mathfrak {p}$$

g
=
k
⊕
p

is a Cartan decomposition of the Lie algebra of G. Under some mild restrictions on the G-action on X, we characterize which G-orbits in X intersect

$$\mu _\mathfrak {p}^{-1}(0)$$

μ

p

-
1

(
0
)

in terms of the maximal weight functions, which we viewed as a collection of maps defined on the boundary at infinity (

$$\partial _\infty G/K$$

∂
∞

G
/
K

) of the symmetric space G/K. We also establish the Hilbert–Mumford criterion for polystability of the action of G on measures.