bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Heterogeneous Photochemistry
Authors: Friend Cynthia M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHeterogeneous photochemistry has a potentially important role in production of energy, in environmental remediation and in sustainable production of chemicals. Photochemical efficiency depends on both materials properties and the desired chemical reaction that is promoted through creation of an excited state. A detailed understanding of the interplay between materials properties and reactivity requires a molecular‐scale approach that determines the elementary steps in the overall process. This personal account summarizes the role of defects in determining the photochemical and thermal reactions on rutile titania, a model for semiconductor metal oxide photocatalysts that defects, e.g., Ti interstitials present in the subsurface region, and O adatoms on the surface, have a substantial impact on the efficiency for photochemical conversion through modification of molecular binding and also through likely modification of charge carrier dynamics. Design of materials must include engineering of the optical and electronic properties of the semiconductor photocatalyst, and understanding of the key photochemical steps involved in specific processes to ensure proper alignment of their electronic states with the band structure of the material. Thus, fundamental surface science studies and development of time‐dependent theoretical methods that map out the reaction mechanism for photochemical processes on materials with controlled composition and structure are critical.
The Zintl Phase Cs7NaSi8 – From NMR Signal Line Shape Analysis and Quantum Mechanical Calculations to Chemical Bonding
Authors: Pecher Oliver , Esters Marco , Görne Arno , Mausolf Bernhard , Ormeci Alim , Haarmann Frank 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPowder samples as well as red and transparent single crystals of the Zintl phase Cs7NaSi8 were synthesized and characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Cs7NaSi8 was found to be isotypic to the recently reported phase Rb7NaSi8. It crystallizes in the Rb7NaGe8 structure type forming trigonal pyramidal Si44– anions. Two unique environments of the cations are observed, a linear arrangement [Na(Si4)2]7– with short Na–Si distances of 3.0 Å and a Cs2 atom coordinated by six Si44– anions with long Cs–Si distances of 4.2 Å. The bonding situation was investigated by a combined application of 29Si, 23Na, and 133Cs solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations of the NMR coupling parameters. In addition the electronic density of states (DOS), the electron localizability indicator (ELI) and the atomic charges using the QTAIM approach were studied. Good agreement of the calculated and experimental values of the NMR coupling parameters was obtained. An anisotropic bonding situation of the silicon atoms is indicated by the chemical shift anisotropy being similar to Rb7NaSi8. Confirmation is given by the observation of one lone‐pair‐like feature for each silicon atom and two types of two‐center Si–Si bonds using the ELI. Calculation and NMR spectroscopic determination of the 23Na and 133Cs electric field gradients prove anisotropies of the charge distribution around the cations. Due to the similar values for the Na atoms in M7NaSi8 (M = Rb, Cs) equal bonding situations can be concluded. The much larger anisotropy of the charge distribution of the Cs atoms can be addressed as the main difference to Rb7NaSi8.
Synthesis and Structure of an Arylmanganese(II) 8‐Hydroxyquinolinate Tetranuclear Cluster
Authors: Justyniak Iwona , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Prochowicz Daniel , Sokołowski Kamil , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReaction of 8‐hydroxyquinoline with dimesitylmanganese [(Mes)2Mn]3 results in the formation of arylomanganese(II) tetranuclear cluster [(Mes)2Mn4(q)6]·4PhMe (1) supported by the quinolinate ligands. Molecular studies showed that the centrosymmetric molecule of 1 contains two pairs of manganese atoms of different coordination modes formed by association of the two dinuclear [MesMn(q)][Mn(q)2] moieties. A detailed analysis of the crystal structure of 1 revealed that single molecules of 1 self‐assemble through a network of intermolecular CHar···π interactions into closely packed quasi‐grid 2D layers.
Low Prospects and High Risk: Structural Determinants of Health Associated with Sexual Risk Among Young African American Women Residing in Resource‐Poor Communities in the South
Authors: Raiford Jerris L. , Herbst Jeffrey H. , Carry Monique , Browne Felicia A. , Doherty Irene , Wechsberg Wendee M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAfrican American women at increased risk of HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) may engage in risky sex as a coping mechanism for depressed economic conditions. This study examines the association between high‐risk sexual behavior and structural determinants of sexual health among a sample of young African American women. 237 young African American women (16–19 years old) from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in North Carolina were enrolled into a randomized trial testing the efficacy of an adapted HIV/STI prevention intervention. Logistic regression analyses predicted the likelihood that young women reporting lack of food at home, homelessness and low future prospects would also report sexual risk behaviors. Young women reporting a lack of food at home (22 %), homelessness (27 %), and low perceived education/employment prospects (19 %) had between 2.2 and 4.7 times the odds as those not reporting these risk factors of reporting multiple sex partners, risky sex partners including older men and partners involved in gangs, substance use prior to sex, and exchange sex. Self‐reported structural determinants of sexual health were associated with myriad sexual risk behaviors. Diminished economic conditions among these young women may lead to sexual risk due to hopelessness, the need for survival or other factors.
Structure and Physical Properties of Organogels Developed by Sitosterol and Lecithin with Sunflower Oil
Authors: Han Lijuan , Li Lin , Li Bing , Zhao Lei , Liu Guo‐qin , Liu Xinqi , Wang Xuede 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHigh linoleic acid sunflower oil (HLSO) with various sitosterol (Sit) to lecithin (Lec) mass ratios (i.e., 0:100–100:0) were used to develop organogels at two storage temperatures (Ts: 5 and 25 °C). The results showed that, at 25 °C, the hardness value of organogels obtained from HLSO with both Sit and Lec was higher than that of organogels developed from HLSO with only Sit or Lec. Microscopy revealed that the shapes of the crystals in the organogels varied significantly with the composition of the structurant and the Ts. At both Ts used, the Sit:Lec (80:20) system had a lower degree of supersaturation compared with the (100:0) system. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that Sit:Lec mass ratio of 70:30, 80:20 and 100:0 had similar short spacings, and the presence of Lec might be adverse to the formation of Sit crystal in oil. Small‐angel X‐ray scattering (SAXS) showed that the layer thickness of Sit/Lec/HLSO organogel was larger than that of Sit/HLSO organogel. It was found that the presence of Lec induced the change of self‐assembly structure of Sit in HLSO and caused the changes of physical properties of organogels obtained.
The role of signaling pathways on proliferation and self‐renewal of cultured bovine primitive germ cells
Authors: Sahare Mahesh , Otomo Ayagi , Komatsu Kana , Minami Naojiro , Yamada Masayasu , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeGonocytes are primitive male germ cells residing in the neonatal testes and are unipotent in nature, but also have pluripotent stem cell ability in mice under appropriate culture conditions. This study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of self‐renewal and survival of cultured bovine gonocytes.MethodsGonocytes were isolated from neonatal bull calves and were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 15 % knock‐out serum replacement (KSR) and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Cells were analyzed six days after culturing for cell‐signaling molecular markers.ResultsColony formation was observed 3–4 days after being cultured. Addition of GDNF enhanced mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2 (MAPK1/2) phosphorylation and activated the MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of MAPK signaling reduced cell proliferation and abolished colony formation. However, inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐AKT (PI3K‐AKT) signaling, a dominant pathway for self‐renewal of mouse germ cells, did not show any effects on cultured bovine gonocytes. Expression of cell cycle‐related regulators cyclin D2 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) was downregulated with inhibition of MAPK signaling.ConclusionsThese results indicate activation of MAPK plays a critical role in self‐renewal and survival of bovine gonocytes via cyclin D1 and CDK2.
The White Wedding: Affect and Economy in South Africa in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Erlank Natasha 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Discussions of church weddings are not standard in accounts of African marriage in South Africa in the early twentieth century. However, from the 1890s onward, church weddings were becoming more common, and by the 1930s more Africans married in church than elsewhere. Indeed, these wedding ceremonies provide insight into how black families experienced and created their own social status in a context in which white South Africans viewed black weddings as a symbol of racial misappropriation. Via weddings and their associated commodification, families held on to and proclaimed the value of family life, and importantly, broader social networks as well as status-based associational life in an era of familial disintegration. At the same time weddings were often a double-edged indicator of status through their reference to sexual purity by means of white frocks.
Hegemonic African Masculinities and Men’s Heterosexual Lives: Some Uses for Homophobia
Authors: Ratele Kopano 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Based on two relatively well-reported cases of homophobia in Malawi and South Africa, this article aims to show some of the ways in which hegemonic African men and masculinities are unsettled by, but also find ideological use for, the existence of homosexuality and nonheteronormative sexualities. Deploying the notion of psychopolitics, the article traces the interpenetrating psychosocial and sociopolitical aspects of homophobia. The argument is that analyses of issues of lesbian, gay, and “othered” sexualities are vital for a fuller understanding of the production of hegemonic forms of gender and masculinity in Africa. The article suggests that the threat posed by homosexuality is used as a distraction for some of the socioeconomic development-related failures of Africa’s ruling men but also, more significantly, for the impossibility of hegemonic African masculinity itself.
SakawaRituals and Cyberfraud in Ghanaian Popular Video Movies
Authors: Oduro-Frimpong Joseph 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Sakawaindexes a cyberfraud practice in Ghana allegedly linked with occult rituals. This article examines the phenomenon as an analytically relevant example of a material understanding of religion. It then offers a critical reading of a popularsakawavideo series and contrasts its thematic perspectives with the reactions of some Ghanaian political leaders to the possible motivations for the practice. This critical approach is conceived as a response to the persistent myopic view of such popular genres as irrelevant to key debates around problematic Ghanaian issues and also to calls in global media studies to de-Westernize the field.
LEARNING THEORY IN THE ARITHMETIC HIERARCHY
Authors: BEROS ACHILLES A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe consider the arithmetic complexity of index sets of uniformly computably enumerable families learnable under different learning criteria. We determine the exact complexity of these sets for the standard notions of finite learning, learning in the limit, behaviorally correct learning and anomalous learning in the limit. In proving the ${\rm{\Sigma }}_5^0$-completeness result for behaviorally correct learning we prove a result of independent interest; if a uniformly computably enumerable family is not learnable, then for any computable learner there is a ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^0$ enumeration witnessing failure.
R.J. THOMPSON’S GROUPSFANDTARE BI-INTERPRETABLE WITH THE RING OF THE INTEGERS
Authors: LASSERRE CLÉMENT 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe show that R.J. Thompson’s groupsFandTare bi-interpretable with the ring of the integers. From a result by A. Khélif, these groups are quasi-finitely axiomatizable and prime. So, the groupTprovides an example of a simple group which is quasi-finitely axiomatizable and prime. This answers questions posed by T. Altınel and A. Muranov in [2], and by A. Nies in [12].
EXACT PAIRS FOR THE IDEAL OF THEK-TRIVIAL SEQUENCES IN THE TURING DEGREES
Authors: BARMPALIAS GEORGE , DOWNEY ROD G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTheK-trivial sets form an ideal in the Turing degrees, which is generated by its computably enumerable (c.e.) members and has an exact pair below the degree of the halting problem. The question of whether it has an exact pair in the c.e. degrees was first raised in [22, Question 4.2] and later in [25, Problem 5.5.8].We give a negative answer to this question. In fact, we show the following stronger statement in the c.e. degrees. There exists aK-trivial degreedsuch that for all degreesa, bwhich are notK-trivial anda > d, b > dthere exists a degreevwhich is notK-trivial anda > v, b > v. This work sheds light to the question of the definability of theK-trivial degrees in the c.e. degrees.
SEPARATING THE FAN THEOREM AND ITS WEAKENINGS
Authors: LUBARSKY ROBERT S. , DIENER HANNES 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVarieties of the Fan Theorem have recently been developed in reverse constructive mathematics, corresponding to different continuity principles. They form a natural implicational hierarchy. Some of the implications have been shown to be strict, others strict in a weak context, and yet others not at all, using disparate techniques. Here we present a family of related Kripke models which separates all of the as yet identified fan theorems.
The politics and crisis of the Petroleum Industry Bill in Nigeria
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB), which is currently being discussed in Parliament, aims at reforming the oil industry. But it also reveals the guiding forces of local politics. The PIB exposes the limitations of the state's ambitions, desire and capacity for reform, and it is strong evidence for the regional divisions and social tensions catalysing resistance against the government of President Goodluck Jonathan, which is accused of ethnic bias in favour of the oil-producing areas of the Niger Delta.
Cotton sector reform in Mali: explaining the puzzles
Authors: Serra Renata 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a detailed analysis of the cotton sector reform process in Mali from 2000 to 2011, explaining reform delays and ambiguities in terms of the wider political and socio-economic context and aid relationships. Contrary to arguments pointing to lack of state commitment and ownership, domestic stakeholders increasingly worked towards finding an acceptable and consensual reform package. The process encountered quite serious obstacles, however, due to divergent actors' incentives, and the existence of opposing philosophies about what a restructured cotton sector should look like. As a consequence of donors' misjudgement of the political and social realities underlying the Malian cotton sector, dialogue among stakeholders was difficult and polarised, forcing the government to spend considerable time and resources to find a suitable compromise. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the merits and limits of pursuing consensual policy processes against the constraints posed by divergent donors' policy paradigms.
Neutralizing Antibodies Inhibit HIV-1 Infection of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by an FcγRIIa Independent Mechanism and Do Not Diminish Cytokines Production
Authors: Lederle Alexandre , Su Bin , Holl Vincent , Penichon Julien , Schmidt Sylvie , Decoville Thomas , Laumond Géraldine , Moog Christiane 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) expressing FcγRIIa are antigen-presenting cells able to link innate and adaptive immunity and producing various cytokines and chemokines. Although highly restricted, they are able to replicate HIV-1. We determined the activity of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and non-neutralizing inhibitory antibodies (NNIAb) on the infection of primary pDC by HIV-1 primary isolates and analyzed cytokines and chemokines production. Neutralization assay was performed with primary pDC in the presence of serial antibodies (Ab) concentrations. In parallel, we measured the release of cytokines and chemokines by ELISA and CBA Flex assay. We found that NAb, but not NNIAb, inhibit HIV-1 replication in pDC. This inhibitory activity was lower than that detected for myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) infection and independent of FcγRIIa expressed on pDC. Despite the complete protection, IFN-α production was detected in the supernatant of pDC treated with NAb VRC01, 4E10, PGT121, 10-1074, 10E8, or polyclonal IgG44 but not with NAb b12. Production of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α by pDC was also maintained in the presence of 4E10, b12 and VRC01. These findings suggest that pDC can be protected from HIV-1 infection by both NAb and IFN-α release triggered by the innate immune response during infection.
Xylan-mediated aggregation of Lactobacillus brevis and its relationship with the surface properties and mucin-mediated aggregation of the bacteria
Authors: Saito Katsuichi , Nakamura Toshihide , Kobayashi Isao , Ohnishi-Kameyama Mayumi , Ichinose Hitomi , Kimura Keitarou , Funane Kazumi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Some Lactobacillus brevis strains were found to aggregate upon the addition of xylan after screening for lactic acid bacteria that interact with plant materials. The S-layer proteins of cell surface varied among the strains. The strains that displayed xylan-mediated aggregation retained its ability even after the removal of S-layer proteins. L. brevis had negative zeta potentials. A correlation between the strength of aggregation and zeta potential was not observed. However, partial removal of S-layer proteins resulted in decreases in the electric potential and aggregation ability of some strains. Therefore, xylan-mediated aggregation of L. brevis was considered to be caused by an electrostatic effect between the cells and xylan. L. brevis also aggregated in the presence of mucin, and the strengths of aggregation among the strains were similar to that induced by xylan. Thus, xylan- and mucin-mediated L. brevis aggregation was supposed to be caused by a similar mechanism.
A new assembly variation analysis model based on the method of power balance for auto-body parts
Authors: Xing Yanfeng , Wang Yansong 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new assembly variation analysis model to analyze assembly variation for sheet metal parts. The main focus is to analyze assembly processes based on the method of power balance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Starting with issues in assembly variation analysis, the review shows the critical aspects of tolerance analysis. The method of influence coefficient (MIC) cannot accurately analyze the relationship between part variations and assembly variations, as the welding point is not a point but a small area. Therefore, new sensitivity matrices are generated based on the method of power balance.

Findings
– Here two cases illustrate the processes of assembly variation analysis, and the results indicate that new method has higher accuracy than the MIC.

Research limitations/implications
– This study is limited to assembly variation analysis for sheet metal parts, which can be used in auto-body and airplane body.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a new assembly variation analysis based on the method of power balance.
An improved vision calibration method for coaxial alignment microassembly
Authors: Ye Xin , Gao Jun , Zhang Zhijing , Shao Chao , Shao Guangyuan 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a sub-pixel calibration method for a microassembly system with coaxial alignment function (MSCA) because traditional sub-pixel calibration approaches cannot be used in this system.Design/methodology/approach– The in-house microassembly system comprises a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) large motion serial robot with microgrippers, a hexapod 6-DOF precision alignment worktable and a vision system whose optical axis of the microscope is parallel with the horizontal plane. A prism with special coating is fixed in front of the objective lens; thus, two parts’ Figures, namely the images of target and base part, can be acquired simultaneously. The relative discrepancy between the two parts can be calculated from image plane coordinate instead of calculating space transformation matrix. Therefore, the traditional calibration method cannot be applied in this microassembly system. An improved calibration method including the check corner detection solves the distortion coefficient conversely. This new way can detect the corner at sub-pixel accuracy. The experiment proves that the assembly accuracy of the coaxial microassembly system which has been calibrated by the new method can reach micrometer level.Findings– The calibration results indicate that solving the distortion conversely could improve the assembly accuracy of MSCA.Originality/value– The paper provides certain calibration methodological guidelines for devices with 2 dimensions or 2.5 dimensions, such as microelectromechanical systems devices, using MSCA.
ABC success: evidence from ISO 9000 certified companies in Thailand
Authors: Intakhan Phaithun 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the success of activity-based costing (ABC) implementation by confirmatory factor analysis of ISO 9000 certified companies in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from key participants, accountant managers in ISO 9000 certified companies.

Findings
– The study confirmed the six constructs for the sample of 102 key participants. The results indicated that ABC implementation success in the context of ISO 9000 certified companies in Thailand consists of upper-management support, ABC system training, non-accounting ownership, links to quality initiative, adequate resources, and links to performance evaluation.

Originality/value
– The findings have significant implications for ISO 9000 certified companies which intend to adopt or implement ABC. Past findings on ABC implementation success have a small-sample size so they are of limited usefulness. This research has a larger sample size and more carefully chosen participants and so the generalizations are more acceptable.