bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Millenium Development Goals: A Southern Perspective on a Global New Deal
Authors: Ghosh Jayati 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe persistence of poverty and food insecurity, inadequate generation of good quality employment, growing inequality, environmental degradation and climate change are all big questions, which require changing economic strategies rather than tinkering with minor outcomes. For developing countries, this means moving away from export‐driven models to strategies based on wage and employment growth, fair access to resources and equitable distribution of resource rents of nature, just and effective tax systems and control over financial markets. These in turn require an enabling global economic system, for which genuine international co‐operation is necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma: Role of the quantitative analysis of gadobenate dimeglumine‐enhanced hepatobiliary phase MRI
Authors: Roux Marion , Pigneur Frederic , Calderaro Julien , Baranes Laurence , Chiaradia Mélanie , Tselikas Lambros , Decaens Thomas , Costentin Charlotte , Laurent Alexis , Azoulay Daniel , Mallat Ariane , Zafrani Elie‐Serge , Rahmouni Alain , Luciani Alain 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo determine the value of quantitative analysis of the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd‐BOPTA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA).Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight patients bearing 67 lesions (40 FNH; 27 HCA) were retrospectively included in this Institutional Review Board‐approved study. The same volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) T1‐weighted sequences were performed before and after contrast injection on a 1.5T MRI, with HBP images acquired with a mean delay of 80 minutes (range 60–120 min). After a visual assessment of lesions enhancement (qualitative HBP analysis), the HBP signal intensity ratio (SIR) and the lesion‐to‐liver contrast enhancement ratio (LLCER) were calculated for each lesion by two observers (Mann‐Whitney test). The sensitivities, specificities (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve analysis) and interobserver correlation (intraclass coefficient, ICC) of quantitative HBP analysis were determined.ResultsAll FNH and 44.4% of HCA appeared hyper‐ or isointense relative to the adjacent liver on qualitative HBP analysis. The mean SIR (P < 0.01) and LLCER (P < 0.0001) of FNH were significantly higher than that of HCA. The area under the ROC curve for the differentiation of FNH from HCA with LLCER was 0.98 for both observers. With a cutoff value of −0.3%‐observer 1 with highest experience‐ LLCER assessment provided respective sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 96.2% for the differentiation of FNH from HCA. The ICC was 0.7 for SIR measurements and 0.8 for LLCER measurements.ConclusionQuantitative LLCER assessment allows an accurate differentiation of FNH from HCA, even in hyper‐ or isointense HCA on HBP images. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1249–1258.
Global epidemiology of Familial Mediterranean fever mutations using population exome sequences
Authors: Fujikura Kohei 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever accompanied by sterile peritonitis, arthritis, and pleuritis. Many mutations in the MEFV gene have been identified as causing FMF. However, accompanying epidemiological information remains quite scarce except in some Mediterranean countries, and the degree of penetrance has been a subject of controversy. Here, I established a genetic epidemiology of full FMF mutations using two population exome studies. Of 57 mutations associated with FMF, 22 were detected in a total of 9007 individuals from two exome sequences. Exome‐based epidemiology revealed the carrier rates of FMF in 28 populations in 19 countries by individual mutation and showed strong population specificity for the MEFV mutations. Unexpectedly high carrier rates suggested that some mutations are benign variants with no pathological significance and highlighted the need for caution in analyzing MEFV mutations. Similar approach could be used to uncover the incomplete or no penetrance of mutations in most inherited disorders.
Efficient reliability method for implicit limit state surface with correlated non‐Gaussian variables
Authors: Ji Jian , Kodikara Jayantha K. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn contrast to the traditional approach that computes the reliability index in the uncorrelated standard normal space (u‐space), the reliability analysis that is simply realized in the original space (x‐space, non‐Gaussian type) would be more efficient for practical use, for example, with the Low and Tang's constrained optimization approach. On the other hand, a variant of Hasofer, Lind, Rackwits and Fiessler algorithm for first‐order reliability method is derived in this paper. Also, the new algorithm is simply formulated in x‐space and requires neither transformation of the random variables nor optimization tools. The algorithm is particularly useful for reliability analysis involving correlated non‐Gaussian random variables subjected to implicit limit state function. The algorithm is first verified using a simple example with closed‐form solution. With the aid of numerical differentiation analysis in x‐space, it is then illustrated for a strut with complex support and for an earth slope with multiple failure modes, both cases involving implicit limit state surfaces. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured vanadium carbide thin films produced by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Pat Suat , Korkmaz Şadan 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this paper, nanostructured vanadium carbide thin films were deposited on glass substrates and their optical and surface properties were analyzed. All produced samples were transparent in the optical region. Refractive index values were calculated using the Drude model. According to contact angle measurements of the coated surfaces, the samples show high wettability. The surface free energies of the samples were found to be very similar. The influence of the nitrogen content in the buffer gas mixture was determined; it was concluded that the microstructure, refractive index, surface morphology, surface free energy, and thickness of thin films can change in response to the nitrogen concentration of the radio frequency (RF) buffer gas. SCANNING 37:197–203, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolving Paradigm in Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Digit from Ray Resection to Wide Local Excision and Flap Coverage
Authors: Doermann Alex J. , Jakowatz James G , Jones Neil F 
Published: April 2015

Background Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine neoplasm that typically presents on the head and neck. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the digits is rare, and thus limited treatment options have been presented. Methods In contrast to the current treatment recommendation of ray resection of the affected digit, two patients were treated by sentinel node biopsy, wide local excision, and flap coverage of the defect. Results No local recurrences or metastases have been seen 24 months postoperatively. Conclusion We suggest that the paradigm of ray amputation of a digit affected by MCC should evolve to initial treatment with a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with subsequent local excision with wide margins and local flap coverage.
Parenting and social competence in school: The role of preadolescents' personality traits☆
Authors: Lianos Panayiotis G. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn a study of 230 preadolescent students (mean age 11.3 years) from the wider area of Athens, Greece, the role of Big Five personality traits (i.e. Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Extraversion) in the relation between parenting dimensions (overprotection, emotional warmth, rejection, anxious rearing) and social competence in school was examined. Multiple sets of regression analyses were performed. Main effects of Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were identified. Limited evidence for moderation and some support of gender‐specific parenting was found. Agreeableness and Extraversion interacted with paternal overprotection, whereas Neuroticism interacted with maternal and paternal rejection in predicting social competence. Mean differences in gender and educational grade were reported. The relationship between environmental effects (such as parenting during early adolescence) and social adjustment in school is discussed in terms of the plasticity and malleability of the preadolescents' personality characteristics.
Change in insulin resistance according to virological response during antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Tseng Cheng‐Hao , Hsu Yao‐Chun , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lin Chih‐Wen , Lin Jaw‐Town , Mo Lein‐Ray 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to increased insulin resistance, but the dynamics of insulin resistance in HCV‐infected patients receiving pegylated interferon plus ribavirin remain elusive.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled HCV‐infected patients who received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Patients were classified according to the attainment of sustained virological response (SVR). Insulin resistance was measured using homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). The change in HOMA‐IR at baseline, the end of treatment, and 24 weeks after the end of treatment was compared in patients who achieved SVR and those who did not.ResultsA total of 65 patients participated in this study, of which 46 (71%) achieved SVR. Overall, The HOMA‐IR changed significantly during antiviral therapy, with the median values [interquartile range (IQR)] of 3.7 (1.6–10.0) prior to the treatment, 1.5 (0.8–2.9) at the end, and 1.6 (0.9–3.1) at 24 weeks after completion of therapy. However, only patients who achieved SVR had significant off‐therapy reduction of HOMA‐IR, with median values of 1.3 (IQR, 0.7–2.6) at 24 weeks off therapy and 3.6 (IQR, 1.5–9.9) at baseline (p < 0.0001). In those without SVR, the HOMA‐IR measured 24 weeks after treatment completion (median, 2.2; IQR, 1.9–4.7) did not differ from baseline values (median, 3.9; IQR, 2.2–10.0; p = 0.5).ConclusionDual therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin ameliorated IR in HCV‐infected patients, but the off‐therapy improvement of IR was limited to those who attained SVR.
Advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging techniques applied to brain development and animal models of perinatal injury
Authors: van de Looij Yohan , Dean Justin M. , Gunn Alistair J. , Hüppi Petra S. , Sizonenko Stéphane V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in the field of brain development and perinatal brain injury. Due to technical progress the magnetic field strength (B0) of MR systems has continuously increased, favoring1H‐MRS with quantification of up to 18 metabolites in the brain and short echo time (TE) MRI sequences including phase and susceptibility imaging. For longer TE techniques including diffusion imaging modalities, the benefits of higher B0have not been clearly established. Nevertheless, progress has also been made in new advanced diffusion models that have been developed to enhance the accuracy and specificity of the derived diffusion parameters. In this review, we will describe the latest developments in MRS and MRI techniques, including high‐field1H‐MRS, phase and susceptibility imaging, and diffusion imaging, and discuss their application in the study of cerebral development and perinatal brain injury.
The Masters of Sustainable Practice: A Review of a Program for Working Professionals
Authors: Edirisinghe Ruwini , Fraser Kym 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study sought to distil recommendations and curriculum design principles that could underpin the re-imagination of the RMIT University coursework Masters of Sustainable Practice (MSP). The aim of the study was to redesign the program to better meet the expectations of contemporary working professionals. Four data sources were used to develop 12 program recommendations: postgraduate sustainability education literature, postgraduate coursework literature, publicly available information for contemporary coursework Masters sustainability programs both in Australia and overseas, and interview data from current and graduate students from the RMIT University Masters of Sustainable Practice. The study proposes a novel curriculum (re)design model comprised of six curriculum design principles that the authors argue are essential for the development of curricula for contemporary working professionals. Sustainable practice coursework Masters programs need to: offer choice, flexibility and authentic work-based assessment opportunities; provide significant guidance to achieve individual aspirations and to customise the program for each student; recognise learning through current workplace roles and through continuing professional development opportunities; use integrative assessments to achieve the Australian Qualification Framework knowledge and skills application requirements; incorporate short credit-bearing courses, in particular for the development of employability skills; and support students to transition to professional practice.
Machine-based method for multiplex in situ molecular characterization of tissues by immunofluorescence detection
Authors: Yarilin Dmitry , Xu Ke , Turkekul Mesruh , Fan Ning , Romin Yevgeniy , Fijisawa Sho , Barlas Afsar , Manova-Todorova Katia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractImmunofluorescent staining is an informative tool that is widely used in basic research. Automation of immunostaining improves reproducibility and quality of the results. Up to now, use of automation in immunofluorescent staining was mostly limited to one marker. Here we present tyramide signal amplification based method of multiple marker immunofluorescent detection, including detection of antibodies, raised in the same species, in tissue sections and cultured cells. This method can be beneficial for both basic and clinical research.
Morphological Outcomes of Gynandromorphism in Lycaeides Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Jahner Joshua P. , Lucas Lauren K. , Wilson Joseph S. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe genitalia of male insects have been widely used in taxonomic identification and systematics and are potentially involved in maintaining reproductive isolation between species. Although sexual selection has been invoked to explain patterns of morphological variation in genitalia among populations and species, developmental plasticity in genitalia likely contributes to observed variation but has been rarely examined, particularly in wild populations. Bilateral gynandromorphs are individuals that are genetically male on one side of the midline and genetically female on the other, while mosaic gynandromorphs have only a portion of their body developing as the opposite sex. Gynandromorphs might offer unique insights into developmental plasticity because individuals experience abnormal cellular interactions at the genitalic midline. In this study, we compare the genitalia and wing patterns of gynandromorphic Anna and Melissa blue butterflies, Lycaeides anna (Edwards) (formerly L. idas anna ) and L. melissa (Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), to the morphology of normal individuals from the same populations. Gynandromorph wing markings all fell within the range of variation of normal butterflies; however, a number of genitalic measurements were outliers when compared with normal individuals. From these results, we conclude that the gynandromorphs’ genitalia, but not wing patterns, can be abnormal when compared with normal individuals and that the gynandromorphic genitalia do not deviate developmentally in a consistent pattern across individuals. Finally, genetic mechanisms are considered for the development of gynandromorphism in Lycaeides butterflies.
Margin Reflex Distance: Differences Based on Camera and Flash Positions
Authors: Choi Catherine J. , Chou Jonathan C. , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Yoon Michael K. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of camera flash position on the measurement of photographic margin reflex distances (MRD).

Methods:
Subjects without any ophthalmic disease were prospectively enrolled after institutional review board approval. Clinical measurements of MRD1 and interpalpebral fissure were obtained. Photographs were then taken with a digital single lens reflex with built-in pop-up flash (dSLR-pop), a dSLR with lens-mounted ring flash (dSLR-ring), a point-and-shoot camera, and a smartphone, each in 4 positions: with the camera upright, rotated 90°, 180°, and 270°. The images were analyzed using ImageJ software to measure MRD1, interpalpebral fissure, horizontal white-to-white, and distance from nasal limbus to the corneal light reflex.

Results:
Thirty-two eyes of 16 subjects were included (ages 27–65). When using the dSLR-ring, point-and-shoot, and smartphone, the difference between clinical and photographic MRD1 did not reach statistical significance. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in the upright position with dSLR-pop (mean difference 0.703 mm, σ = 0.984 mm, p = 0.0008). For dSLR-pop, photographic MRD1 in upright versus inverted position differed significantly (mean difference -0.562 mm, σ =0.348 mm, p < 0.0001). Photographic MRD1 between dSLR-pop and dSLR-ring showed significant difference in upright position (mean difference -0.572 mm, σ = 0.701 mm, p = 0.0002). There were no statistically significant differences between clinical and photographic interpalpebral fissure, and among white-to-white and nasal limbus to light reflex measurements in any position in all 4 cameras.

Conclusions:
When using photographs for measurement of MRD1, cameras with a near-coaxial light source and aperture have values that are most similar to clinical measurements.
Assessing uncertainty in refraction seismic traveltime inversion using a global inversion strategy
Authors: Rumpf M. , Tronicke J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTo analyse and invert refraction seismic travel time data, different approaches and techniques have been proposed. One common approach is to invert first‐break travel times employing local optimization approaches. However, these approaches result in a single velocity model, and it is difficult to assess the quality and to quantify uncertainties and non‐uniqueness of the found solution. To address these problems, we propose an inversion strategy relying on a global optimization approach known as particle swarm optimization. With this approach we generate an ensemble of acceptable velocity models, i.e., models explaining our data equally well. We test and evaluate our approach using synthetic seismic travel times and field data collected across a creeping hillslope in the Austrian Alps. Our synthetic study mimics a layered near‐surface environment, including a sharp velocity increase with depth and complex refractor topography. Analysing the generated ensemble of acceptable solutions using different statistical measures demonstrates that our inversion strategy is able to reconstruct the input velocity model, including reasonable, quantitative estimates of uncertainty. Our field data set is inverted, employing the same strategy, and we further compare our results with the velocity model obtained by a standard local optimization approach and the information from a nearby borehole. This comparison shows that both inversion strategies result in geologically reasonable models (in agreement with the borehole information). However, analysing the model variability of the ensemble generated using our global approach indicates that the result of the local optimization approach is part of this model ensemble. Our results show the benefit of employing a global inversion strategy to generate near‐surface velocity models from refraction seismic data sets, especially in cases where no detailed a priori information regarding subsurface structures and velocity variations is available.
Effect of Filling Type and Heating Method on Prevalence of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes in Dumplings Produced in Poland
Authors: Szymczak Barbara , Dąbrowski Waldemar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe count of Listeria monocytogenes was determined, before and after heat treatment, in 200 samples of dumplings of 9 brands and with different types of stuffing. Analyses were conducted according to ISO 11290–1 standard and with real‐time PCR method. The highest count of L. monocytogenes was found in meat dumplings (102 to 104 CFU/g), whereas products with white cheese‐potato stuffing and vegetable‐mushroom stuffing contained significantly less Listeria, 20 to 80 and 5 to 32 CFU/g, respectively. In cooled meat dumplings the extent of contamination depended significantly on the producer. In addition, a significant (P < 0.05) correlation was determined between contamination level and meat content in the stuffing (rho = 0.418), especially in stuffing containing pork meat (0.464), contrary to beef‐containing stuffing (0.284). Heating dumplings in boiling water for 2 min completely eliminated L. monocytogenes in meat dumplings. In contrast, the microwave heating applied for 2 min at 600 W only reduced the count of L. monocytogenes by 1 to 2 logs. Hence, the microwave heating failed to reduce the risk of infection with this pathogen below the level permissible in the EU regulation, especially in the most contaminated samples. In this case, the efficacy of microwave heating was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the initial count of L. monocytogenes (rho = 0.626), then by meat content in the stuffing (0.476), and to the lowest extent—by the type of meat (0.415 to 0.425). However, no Listeria sp. and L. monocytogenes were isolated from cooked dumplings with fruits (strawberries or blueberries).
Microbial Ecology of Watery Kimchi
Authors: Kyung Kyu Hang , Medina Pradas Eduardo , Kim Song Gun , Lee Yong Jae , Kim Kyong Ho , Choi Jin Joo , Cho Joo Hyong , Chung Chang Ho , Barrangou Rodolphe , Breidt Frederick 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe biochemistry and microbial ecology of 2 similar types of watery (mul) kimchi, containing sliced and unsliced radish and vegetables (nabak and dongchimi, respectively), were investigated. Samples from kimchi were fermented at 4, 10, and 20 °C were analyzed by plating on differential and selective media, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and high‐throughput DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA. Nabak kimchi showed similar trends as dongchimi, with increasing lactic and acetic acids and decreasing pH for each temperature, but differences in microbiota were apparent. Interestingly, bacteria from the Proteobacterium phylum, including Enterobacteriaceae, decreased more rapidly during fermentation at 4 °C in nabak cabbage fermentations compared with dongchimi. Although changes for Proteobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae populations were similar during fermentation at 10 and 20 °C, the homolactic stage of fermentation did not develop for the 4 and 10 °C samples of both nabak and dongchimi during the experiment. These data show the differences in biochemistry and microbial ecology that can result from preparation method and fermentation conditions of the kimchi, which may impact safety (Enterobacteriaceae populations may include pathogenic bacteria) and quality (homolactic fermentation can be undesirable, if too much acid is produced) of the product. In addition, the data also illustrate the need for improved methods for identifying and differentiating closely related lactic acid bacteria species using high‐throughput sequencing methods.