bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari N , Shrestha GK 
Published: September 2012

School Health has been regarded as a high priority intervention in developing countries. However it has not been prioritized in Nepal for many years. The objectives of the study are to find out the nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children. To arouse importance of personal hygiene and healthful surrounding through information, education and communication (IEC). This cross-sectional study was administered in two schools located in Bolde phedeche and Mahure of Kavrepalanchowk. From the selected schools, a total number of 160 students studying from Grade 1 to V were enumerated in the study using census survey method. Among 160 students, the most important three problems were pediculosis 42(26.2 %), dental caries 29(18.1%), and waxy ear 27(17.1 %). Thus the school health education should put more emphasis on oral care, nutrition, personal hygiene and others. Applying classification of Indian Academy of Pediatrics: based on weight for age, 36(55.3%) boys and 34(35.8%) girls fall under 1st degree malnutrition and 15(23.07%) boys and 44(46.3%) girls fall under IInd degree malnutrition, 7(7.2 %) girls fall under IIIrd degree malnutrition.The health and nutritional standards of school children in this study were found to be unsatisfactory. Among different morbidity pediculosis is found more in girls. The present study put more emphasis on the need for initiation of school health program in the school with more on improving personal hygiene, prevention of disease like parasitic infection/infestation and improvement of their nutritional status. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 12-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6832
A case of leptospirosis in a child with unusual clinical manifestation
Authors: Biswas A , Kumar R , Chaterjee A , Pan A 
Published: September 2012

Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. In the mild form it may present as flu like illness. Severe form characterized by jaundice, renal dysfunction and hemorrhagic diathesis is referred to as Weil’s syndrome. Very few cases have been reported in India, and pediatric cases are extremely rare. We report a case of leptospirosis in a 12 year old girl who presented with irregular fever, malaise and spontaneous bleeding from nose. She also had headache, vomiting, subconjunctival hemorrhage, photophobia, pain abdomen, cervical lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and arthralgia. She developed severe coagulopathy, bilateral pleural effusion, ascitis, acalculous cholecystitis ultimately leading to ARDS and later multi-organ failure. ELISA for IgM leptospira was sent which came to be positive. She was given several units of packed cell, platelet concentrate, and plasma transfusion, and later mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. The patient was put on intravenous penicillin G.. which was continued for 10 days. Three weeks following admission, she had made a complete recovery and was discharged. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 37-41 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6836
Chylous ascites in cirrhosis-A case report
Authors: Laudari S , Subedi K , Toyena R , Vamja J , Kumar S Nanda , Subedi S 
Published: September 2012

Chylous ascites is a rare presentation in cirrhotic liver disease but its incidence has increased because of aggressive cardiothoracic/abdominal surgeries and increasing survival of patients with chronic liver disease and cancer. We report here a case presenting with spontaneous chylous ascites in cirrhosis of liver. It has been associated with poor prognosis. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 42-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6837
Normalization of hindbrain morphology after decompression of Chiari malformation Type I
Authors: Heiss John D. , Suffredini Giancarlo , Bakhtian Kamran D. , Sarntinoranont Malisa , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: September 2012

Object
Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is characterized by hindbrain deformity. We investigated the effects of craniocervical decompression surgery on the anatomical features of hindbrain deformity with a prospective MRI study of patients with CM-I.

Methods
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 48 patients with CM-I (39 with syringomyelia) treated with craniocervical decompression. Clinical examinations and cervical MRI were performed before surgery and 1 week, 3–6 months, and annually after surgery. Hindbrain deformity was defined by tonsillar ectopia, pointed cerebellar tonsils, and/or cervicomedullary protuberance. The length of the clivus, basiocciput (sphenooccipital synchondrosis to basion), supraocciput (internal occipital protuberance to opisthion), and anteroposterior (AP) width of CSF pathways at the foramen magnum were measured and compared with those from 18 healthy volunteers (control group).

Results
Before surgery, the patients' posterior fossa bones were short and their CSF pathways were narrow. All patients had tonsillar ectopia (mean [± SD] 12.3 ± 5.1 mm; normal 0.3 ± 1.0). The majority of patients had pointed tonsils and more than two-thirds exhibited a cervicomedullary protuberance. Clivus and basiocciput lengths were significantly shorter than the values obtained in the control group. However, the supraocciput length did not differ significantly from control measurements. The mean bulbopontine sulcus distance superior to the basion was 9.5 ± 2.6 mm (vs 13.6 ± 2.8 mm in controls; p < 0.0001). The AP widths of the CSF pathways at the level of the foramen magnum were significantly narrowed. After surgery, CSF pathways significantly expanded both ventrally and dorsally. By 3–6 months after surgery, pointed tonsils became round, cervicomedullary protuberance disappeared, and tonsillar ectopia diminished by 51% (to 6.0 ± 3.3 mm; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The cerebellar tonsils and brainstem assumed a normal appearance within 6 months after craniocervical decompression. These findings support the concept that the CM-I is not a congenital malformation of the neural elements but rather an acquired malformation that arises from pulsatile impaction of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00001327.
The importance of ecological constraints on the control of multi‐species treeline dynamics in eastern Nunavik, Québec
Authors: Dufour‐Tremblay Geneviève , De Vriendt Laurent , Lévesque Esther , Boudreau Stéphane 
Published: September 2012

•Premise of the study:Treelines are temperature‐sensitive ecotones that should be able to expand in response to global warming; however, they are also controlled by ecological constraints. These constraints can create bottlenecks for tree regeneration, hindering treeline advances. Near Kangiqsualujjuaq (Nunavik, subarctic Québec), previous studies suggested successful recruitment ofLarix laricinaabove the altitudinal treeline, whilePicea marianaestablishment remains scarce. We studied regeneration of both species to identify factors responsible for such contrasting responses.•Methods:We measured seeds and wings to evaluate species dispersal potential. We compared seed viability and tolerance to shrub leachates with germination trials. To evaluate seedbed preferences, we compared seedling occurrence on the different seedbeds with seedbed relative abundance in the field.•Key results:Seed germination was similar betweenL. laricinaandP. mariana, whereas dispersal potential was higher for the latter. Germination ofP. marianaseeds was more strongly inhibited by shrub leachates than wereL. laricinaseeds. In the field, we found only a fewPiceaseedlings, but numerous seedlings ofLarixhad established disproportionally on several seedbeds. WhileBetula glandulosa, mosses, andVaccinium uliginosimimpededLarixestablishment, numerous seedlings were found on lichens, mineral soil, and liverworts. The low occurrence of suitable seedbeds forPicea, mainly mineral soil, could explain the seedling scarcity of this species.•Conclusions:This study highlighted that allelopathy and unsuitable seedbeds could contribute to regeneration failure ofP. marianain eastern Nunavik and emphasizes the need to consider ecological preferences of species before predicting treeline expansion under a warmer climate.
Scientific report: Highlights of 25th ICAR, 16–19 April 2012, Sapporo, Japan
Authors: Hodge Anthony Vere 
Published: September 2012

Each year, the International Society for Antiviral Research (ISAR) organises a conference covering many differing aspects of antiviral research. The 25th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Japan. This special anniversary meeting was co-sponsored by the Japanese Association for Antiviral Therapy. This Workshop Report contains summaries of the four major lectures and each of the invited presentations in the Clinical symposium and in the three mini-symposia. Of the many interesting contributor presentations, there are brief summaries of a small selection of these. This report concludes with a few personal comments and observations. A brief summary of this report is included within the ISAR News published in this issue of AVCC.
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Treatment in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitides: Results from a German Registry (GRAID)
Authors: ROLL PETRA , OSTERMEIER EVA , HAUBITZ MARION , LOVRIC SVJETLANA , UNGER LEONORE , HOLLE JULIA , KÖTTER INA , HENES JÖRG C. , BERGNER RAOUL , RUBBERT-ROTH ANDREA , SPECKER CHRISTOF , SCHULZE-KOOPS HENDRIK , MÜLLER-LADNER ULF , FLECK MARTIN , BURMESTER GERD-RÜDIGER , HIEPE FALK , HEITMANN STEFAN , ARINGER MARTIN , FISCHER-BETZ REBECCA , DÖRNER THOMAS , TONY HANS-PETER 
Published: September 2012

Objective.Rituximab (RTX) therapy is a treatment option in patients with refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). We investigated the tolerability and clinical efficacy of RTX in a cohort of patients with refractory AAV.Methods.Clinical and safety data of patients with AAV treated with RTX were retrospectively assessed from the data of a German national registry.Results.In total, 58 patients were included in this analysis (50/58 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis; 8/58 with microscopic polyangiitis who received at least 1 cycle, 17 patients who received 2 cycles, and 3 patients who received 3 cycles of RTX). Response was classified as complete and partial in 22 (40%) and in 29 cases (52.7%), respectively. Four patients (7.3%) were classified as nonresponders.Conclusion.RTX was well tolerated with good clinical efficacy in patients with refractory AAV.
Cutting Edge: miR-223 and EBV miR-BART15 Regulate the NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-1β Production
Authors: Haneklaus Moritz , Gerlic Motti , Kurowska-Stolarska Mariola , Rainey Ashleigh-Ann , Pich Dagmar , McInnes Iain B. , Hammerschmidt Wolfgang , O’Neill Luke A. J. , Masters Seth L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Although microRNA (miRNA) regulation of TLR signaling is well established, this has not yet been observed for NLR proteins or the inflammasomes they form. We have now validated a highly conserved miR-223 target site in the NLRP3 3′-untranslated region. miR-223 expression decreases as monocytes differentiate into macrophages, whereas NLRP3 protein increases during this time. However, overexpression of miR-223 prevents accumulation of NLRP3 protein and inhibits IL-1β production from the inflammasome. Virus inhibition of the inflammasome is an emerging theme, and we have also identified an EBV miRNA that can target the miR-223 binding site in the NLRP3 3′-untranslated region. Furthermore, this virus miRNA can be secreted from infected B cells via exosomes to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in noninfected cells. Therefore, we have identified both the first endogenous miRNA that limits NLRP3 inflammatory capacity during myeloid cell development and also a viral miRNA that takes advantage of this, limiting inflammation for its own purposes.
ATP Induces Protein Arginine Deiminase 2-Dependent Citrullination in Mast Cells through the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor
Authors: Arandjelovic Sanja , McKenney Katherine R. , Leming Sunamita S. , Mowen Kerri A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Posttranslational modifications regulate physiology either by directly modulating protein function or by impacting immune recognition of self-proteins. Citrullination is a posttranslational modification formed by the conversion of arginine residues into the citrulline amino acid by protein arginine deiminase (PAD) family members. We have identified mast cells as a major source of the PAD2 enzyme. Activation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7) by the inflammatory “danger” signal ATP induces PAD2 activity and robust protein citrullination. P2X7-mediated activation of PAD2 is sensitive to p38 MAPK and protein kinase C inhibitors, and PAD2 regulates the expression of the TNFR2, Adamts-9, and Rab6b transcripts in mast cells. Further, the PAD2 enzyme and its citrullinated substrate proteins are released from mast cells on activation with ATP. PAD2 expression is closely linked with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue, and PAD2 and citrullinated proteins are found in the synovial fluid of RA patients. In addition, RA is associated with the development of autoantibodies to citrullinated self-proteins. Our results suggest that P2X7 activation of mast cells may play a role in inflammation by providing PAD2 and PAD2 substrates access to the extracellular space.
Cell-Intrinsic Abrogation of TGF-β Signaling Delays but Does Not Prevent Dysfunction of Self/Tumor-Specific CD8 T Cells in a Murine Model of Autochthonous Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chou Cassie K. , Schietinger Andrea , Liggitt H. Denny , Tan Xiaoxia , Funk Sarah , Freeman Gordon J. , Ratliff Timothy L. , Greenberg Norman M. , Greenberg Philip D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAdoptive T cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of established cancers is actively being pursued in clinical trials. However, poor in vivo persistence and maintenance of antitumor activity of transferred T cells remain major problems. TGF-β is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine that is often expressed at high levels within the tumor microenvironment, potentially limiting T cell-mediated antitumor activity. In this study, we used a model of autochthonous murine prostate cancer to evaluate the effect of cell-intrinsic abrogation of TGF-β signaling in self/tumor-specific CD8 T cells used in ACT to target the tumor in situ. We found that persistence and antitumor activity of adoptively transferred effector T cells deficient in TGF-β signaling were significantly improved in the cancerous prostate. However, over time, despite persistence in peripheral lymphoid organs, the numbers of transferred cells in the prostate decreased and the residual prostate-infiltrating T cells were no longer functional. These findings reveal that TGF-β negatively regulates the accumulation and effector function of transferred self/tumor-specific CD8 T cells and highlight that, when targeting a tumor Ag that is also expressed as a self-protein, additional substantive obstacles are operative within the tumor microenvironment, potentially hampering the success of ACT for solid tumors.
NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Is Negatively Controlled by miR-223
Authors: Bauernfeind Franz , Rieger Anna , Schildberg Frank A. , Knolle Percy A. , Schmid-Burgk Jonathan L. , Hornung Veit 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms that form upon sensing microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns. Upon their formation, caspase-1 is activated, leading to the processing of certain proinflammatory cytokines and the initiation of a special type of cell death, known as pyroptosis. Among known inflammasomes, NLRP3 takes on special importance because it appears to be a general sensor of cell stress. Moreover, unlike other inflammasome sensors, NLRP3 inflammasome activity is under additional transcriptional regulation. In this study, we identify the myeloid-specific microRNA miR-223 as another critical regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. miR-223 suppresses NLRP3 expression through a conserved binding site within the 3′ untranslated region of NLRP3, translating to reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Although miR-223 itself is not regulated by proinflammatory signals, its expression varies among different myeloid cell types. Therefore, given the tight transcriptional control of NLRP3 message itself, miR-223 functions as an important rheostat controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
Verrekening van die kragveld van die verbond in die inkleding van die kommunikatiewe driehoeksverhouding tussen teks, hoorder en prediker
Authors: De Wet Friedrich W. 
Published: September 2012

In hierdie artikel word die kommunikatiewe driehoeksverhouding tussen die Bybelse teks, die hoorders en die prediker homileties verken. Die probleemstelling waarmee gewerk word handel oor potensiële versteurings wat kan plaasvind in hierdie driehoeksverhouding wanneer die hoorders en die prediker in hulle menslike beperktheid in verbinding gebring word met die ewige Woord van God soos dit in die Bybelse teks na vore kom. In die loop van die artikel word die volgende aspekte verken: ’n Ideale tipering van die verhouding tussen die teks, hoorders en prediker waarin al drie faktore ’n regmatige plek het; die maniere waarop die kommunikatiewe driehoek in die spanningsveld tussen teks, hoorders en prediker kan skeeftrek; en pneumatologiese verankering van die kommunikatiewe driehoek in die kragveld van die verbondsruimte, waarin Jesus Christus versoenend (integrerend) teenwoordig is. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die prediker in die kragveld van die verbond in staat gestel word om getrou te bly aan die teks (waarin God aan die Woord kom), aan die hoorders (as mededeelgenote in die genade van God sowel as – in missionêre konteks – mense wat geroep word om deelgenote in hierdie genade te word) en aan hom- of haarself (as nuwe mens in Christus) sonder dat die verbintenis aan een element in die kommunikatiewe driehoek die verbintenis aan die ander versteur of laat disintegreer.Reckoning with the force field of the covenant in aligning the communicative triangle between text, listener and preacher. In this article the communicative triangular relationship between the Biblical text, the listeners and the preacher is reflected upon from a homiletic point of view. The problem statement deals with potential distortions in this triangular relationship when the listeners and preacher (in their human finitude) are brought into contact with the eternal Word of God as it proceeds from the Biblical text. In the course of the article the following aspects are considered: An ideal establishment of the relationship between text, listeners and preacher – giving all three factors their due place; an exploration of situations in which the communicative triangle can possibly be distorted in the tension field between text, listeners and preacher; and anchoring the communicative triangle in the force field of the covenant, where Christ’s atoning (integrative) presence is felt. It is concluded that the preacher is enabled by Christ’s presence in the force field of the covenant to remain faithful to the text (through which God speaks), to the listener (as partakers in the grace of God as well as – in missionary context – people called to became partakers in this grace) and to himself (as a new man in Christ). This faithfulness entails that commitment to one element in the communicative triangle is not disturbed or disintegrated by commitment to the other elements.
A Space of Harmonic Maps from a Sphere into the Complex Projective Space
Authors: Kawabe Hiroko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGuest–Ohnita and Crawford have shown the path-connectedness of the space of harmonic maps from S2 to CPn of a fixed degree and energy. It is well known that the ∂ transform is defined on this space. In this paper, we will show that the space is decomposed into mutually disjoint connected subspaces on which ∂ is homeomorphic.
Compact Subsets of the Glimm Space of a C*-algebra
Authors: Lazar Aldo J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIf A is a σ-unital C*-algebra and a is a strictly positive element of A, then for every compact subset K of the complete regularization Glimm(A) of Prim(A) there exists α > 0 such that K ⊂ {G ∊ Glimm(A) | ||a + G|| ≥ α: This extends a result of J. Dauns to all σ-unital C*-algebras. However, there exist a C*-algebra A and a compact subset of Glimm(A) that is not contained in any set of the form {G ∊ Glimm(A) | ||a + G|| ≥}, a ∊ A and α > 0.
Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles to Residue Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples by GC/MS
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Tor Ali , Aydin Mehmet Emin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a novel magnetic-SPE method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples by use of Fe3O4-magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with oleic acid followed by GC/MS. The chemisorption of oleic acid onto Fe3O4-MNPs provides reusability of the developed sorbent materials several times. The effects of different parameters such as pH, desorption solvent, contact time, temperature, ionic strength, and sorbent dosage on the efficiency of magnetic-SPE were investigated. The optimized SPE method involved shaking 50 mL of water sample (pH 4) with 50 mg oleic acid coated Fe3O4-MNPs for 1 h, isolating the sorbent with an Nd-Fe-B magnet, and eluting the OCPs with methanol. An ionic strength of 0.1 M and temperature of 15°C provided the maximum extraction efficiency. The LOQs were in the range of 0.006 to 0.048 μg/L. For three fortification levels, recoveries were in the range of 44–108%, with RSD &lt;5%. The developed SPE method was successfully applied to real water samples, and it is viable, rapid, and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in water samples.
Does Fibrin Sealant Reduce Seroma after Immediate Breast Reconstruction Utilizing a Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap?
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Kang Sang Gue , Shin Ho Seong , Kang Moon Seok , Nam Seung Min 
Published: September 2012

Background The most common complication of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction is seroma formation in the back. Many clinical studies have shown that fibrin sealant reduces seroma formation. We investigated any statistically significant differences in postoperative drainage and seroma formation when utilizing the fibrin sealant on the site of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap harvested for immediate breast reconstruction after skin-sparing partial mastectomy.
Methods A total of 46 patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction utilizing a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap. Of those, 23 patients underwent the procedure without fibrin sealant and the other 23 were administered the fibrin sealant. All flaps were elevated with manual dissection by the same surgeon and were analyzed to evaluate the potential benefits of the fibrin sealant. The correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyzing the drainage volume according to age, weight of the breast specimen, and body mass index.
Results Although not statistically significant, the cumulative drainage fluid volume was higher in the control group until postoperative day 2 (530.1 mL compared to 502.3 mL), but the fibrin sealant group showed more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3. The donor site comparisons showed the fibrin sealant group had more drainage beginning on postoperative day 3 and the drain was removed 1 day earlier in the control group.
Conclusions The use of fibrin sealant resulted in no reduction of seroma formation. Because the benefits of the fibrin sealant are not clear, the use of fibrin sealant must be fully discussed with patients before its use as a part of informed consent.