bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purifying condensed water with ceramic ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xu Fangsong , Cao Ying , Low Ze‐Xian , Zhang Feng , Xing Weihong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐temperature condensed water has high recoverable value but it contains iron ions and oil, which need to be removed before use. Ceramic membranes with pore size between 4 and 50 nm were selected to purify the high‐temperature condensed water. The effects of operating parameters and membrane structure on the separation performance were investigated. Continuous concentration experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of volume concentration factor (VCF) on membrane permeability.ResultsThe membrane exhibited high rejection of iron ions and oil. With increase of iron ions concentration, the permeate flux gradually decreased but the oil rejection increased. Oil concentration had no significant effect on the rejections of iron ions and oil. However, the permeate flux decreased with oil concentration owing to the formation of a thick fouling layer on the membrane surface. In the continuous concentration process, removal efficiencies of iron ion and oil were more than 99%, and the turbidity and oil concentration in permeate were less than 0.5 NTU and 0.5 mg L−1, respectively. The iron ion concentration in permeate was less than 0.3 mg L−1. These results meet the standards for boiler feedwater. Finally, the ceramic membrane was washed with 1 vol% HNO3 and then with 1 wt% NaOH. Pure water flux was recovered at >95%.ConclusionThis study showed the feasibility of purifying high‐temperature condensed water using a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of temporal resolution on 4D flow MRI in the portal circulation
Authors: Landgraf Benjamin R. , Johnson Kevin M. , Roldán‐Alzate Alejandro , Francois Christopher J. , Wieben Oliver , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo demonstrate the use of temporal averaging with radial 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to reduce scan time for quantification and visualization of flow in the portal circulation. This study compared phase‐contrast MR angiography, 3D flow visualization, and flow quantification of portal venous hemodynamics of time‐averaged vs. time‐resolved reconstructions.Materials and MethodsTime‐resolved 3D radial (“4D”) phase contrast data were acquired from 44 subjects (15 volunteers, 29 cirrhosis patients) at 3T. Images were reconstructed as a fully sampled time‐resolved reconstruction and multiple time‐averaged reconstructions using a variable number of acquired projections to simulate different scan times. Images from each reconstruction were evaluated to compare the quality of anatomical and hemodynamic visualization.ResultsTime‐averaged reconstructions outperformed time‐resolved reconstructions for flow quantification (3.9 ± 3.1% error vs. 5.2 ± 4.4% error), average streamline length (47 ± 7 mm vs. 34 ± 15 mm), and visualization quality (average grading = 3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.2 ± 0.9). In addition, excellent visualization quality was achieved using fewer acquired projections.ConclusionReductions in scan time can be achieved through time‐averaging while still providing excellent visualization and quantification in the portal circulation. Scan time reduction of up to 70%–80% was possible for high‐quality assessment, translating into a reduction in scan time from 10–12 minutes to ∼3–4 minutes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:819–826. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRI appearances of ovarian serous borderline tumor: Pathological correlation
Authors: Zhao Shu Hui , Qiang Jin Wei , Zhang Guo Fu , Boyko Orest B. , Wang Shi Jia , Cai Song Qi , Wang Li 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo investigate the spectrum of MRI appearances of ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT).Materials and MethodsFollowing ethics approval, 31 patients with 51 histologically proven ovarian SBTs underwent preoperative MRI. Images were evaluated, by two observers for the location, shape, size, internal architecture, signal intensity, and extent or stage of the tumors. The MRI findings were correlated with pathological findings.ResultsTwenty of 31 patients (65%) demonstrated bilateral ovarian SBTs on MRI. Three MRI morphological patterns of ovarian SBT were identified: (i) Mainly cystic mass with multiple intracystic papillary projections from the wall and septations was observed in 24 (47%) tumors. (ii) Solid mass with hierarchical branching papillary and fibrous stalk architecture was observed in 8 (16%) tumors. The branching papillary projections were hyperintensity on T2WI, intermediate intense on DWI, and enhanced intensely after the administration of Gd‐DTPA. The internal branching fibrous stalks were hypointensity on T2WI and enhanced slightly. (iii) Mixed cystic‐solid mass was observed in 19 (37%) tumors. The cystic and solid components had the architecture and signal intensity similar to those of cystic and solid SBTs. Papillary projections were the common architecture of all three types of tumors.ConclusionOn MRI, the ovarian SBT has some morphological distinguishing features. The solid papillary architecture with internal branching fibrous stalk is a somewhat more characteristic MRI appearance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:151–156. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of pulsed electric field pre‐treatments to enhance health‐promoting glucosinolates in broccoli flowers and stalk
Authors: Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid , Suarez Manuel , Plaza Lucia , Hossain Mohammad B , Brunton Nigel , Lyng James G , Rai Dilip K 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment variables (electric field strength and treatment time) on the glucosinolate content of broccoli flowers and stalks was evaluated. Samples were subjected to electric field strengths from 1 to 4 kV cm−1 and treatment times from 50 to 1000 µs at 5 Hz.RESULTSData fitted significantly (P < 0.0014) the proposed second‐order response functions. The results showed that PEF combined treatment conditions of 4 kV cm−1 for 525 and 1000 µs were optimal to maximize glucosinolate levels in broccoli flowers (ranging from 187.1 to 212.5%) and stalks (ranging from 110.6 to 203.0%) respectively. The predicted values from the developed quadratic polynomial equation were in close agreement with the actual experimental values, with low average mean deviations (E%) ranging from 0.59 to 8.80%.CONCLUSIONThe use of PEF processing at moderate conditions could be a suitable method to stimulate production of broccoli with high health‐promoting glucosinolate content. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Cross‐cultural acceptance of a traditional yoghurt‐like product made from fermented cereal
Authors: Akissoé Noël H , Sacca Carole , Declemy Anne‐Laure , Bechoff Aurelie , Anihouvi Victor B , Dalodé Générose , Pallet Dominique , Fliedel Géneviève , Mestres Christian , Hounhouigan Joseph D , Tomlins Keith I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAkpan is a traditional ready‐to‐drink fermented yoghurt‐like cereal beverage consumed in urban and rural areas in Benin. With the aim of adapting the product to new local and export markets, this work maps African and European consumer preferences for different types of Akpan.RESULTSA sensory profile of Akpan was created and consumer tests were conducted with 103 consumers of African origin and 74 consumers of European origin. Consumer acceptance was significantly correlated with fermented odour (r = −0.94) and milky taste (r = 0.92–0.97) attributes. Cluster analysis revealed different behaviour by African and European consumers with respect to acceptability of Akpan; European consumers did not like the sour taste and African consumers liked an intense sweet milky taste.CONCLUSIONThis study provides information on how Akpan, and other fermented yoghurt‐type cereal products, could be adapted to African and European consumer preferences. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of new reference material neohesperidin for quality control of dietary supplements
Authors: Gong Ningbo , Zhang Baoxi , Yang Dezhi , Gao Zhaolin , Du Guanhua , Lu Yang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeohesperidin is an important natural flavanone glycoside distributed in several citrus species. This compound is widely used as a raw material for food additives in the food industry. The request for certified reference materials (CRMs) in dietary supplements was stipulated by the National Administrative Committee for CRMs and was underpinned by the need to improve the accuracy and comparability of measurement data and to establish metrological traceability of analytical results.RESULTSThis paper reports the sample preparation methodology, homogeneity and stability studies, value assignment and uncertainty estimation of a new certified reference material of neohesperidin (GBW09522). Differential scanning calorimetry, coulometric titration and mass balance methods proved to be sufficiently reliable and accurate for certification purposes. The certified value of neohesperidin CRM is 994 g kg−1 with an expanded uncertainty of 4 g kg−1 (k = 2). The reference material described above was homogeneous and stable for 12 months at a storage temperature of 25 °C.CONCLUSIONThe new CRM of neohesperidin can be used to validate analytical methods and improve the accuracy of measurement data as well as quality control of neohesperidin‐related dietary supplements, foods, traditional herbs and pharmaceutical formulations. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Representation of Cruise: Cruisers and Noncruisers Cross Views
Authors: Lebrun Anne‐Marie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe article demonstrates the interest in using social representations as a tool of analysis in the representation of cruise for cruisers and noncruisers. The main objective of this study is to identify and to compare social representations of cruise for these groups. The article is based on a review of the social representation theory literature. Using multiapproach methods focused on organizing principles, the results indicate some resemblance and many differences between both representations. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed before the article concludes with limitations and directions for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cryogel Formation Using Biocompatible Ice Nucleating Agents
Authors: Jiang Yanjiao , Hussain Hazrat , Kressler Joerg 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo control the influence of supercooling on the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogel, various biocompatible ice nucleating agents, including, two fatty alcohols, and eight different amino acids are investigated for their ice nucleating efficiency in PVA aqueous solutions. The L‐aspartic acid is found to be the most efficient ice nucleating agent with the ability to induce freezing at ∼−5.5 °C in 8.3 wt% aqueous PVA solution as compared to ∼−20 °C without L‐aspartic acid. The PVA cryogels are prepared with L‐aspartic acid as the heterogeneous ice nucleating agent and investigated for their rheological properties. Finally, it is found that freezing temperature close to the sol–gel transition temperature produces cryogel with the high tack important for various biomedical applications.
Approximation of Solutions of the Neumann Problem in Disintegrating Domains
Authors: Maz'Ya V. G. , Hänler M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article deals with approximation of solutions of the Neumann problem in domains, where small tubes are cut out. With an increasing number of tubes some kind of a porous layer inside the domain is approximated. Our aim is to find an asymptotic solution for the separated limit domains. We show that this asymptotics is described by a boundary value problem for the two limit domains, where the solutions for each domain are connected by the boundary conditions.
Expansion of Analytic Functions in Series of Floquet Solutions of First Order Differential Systems
Authors: Langer Heinz , Mennicken Reinhard , Möller Manfred 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper we study boundary eigenvalue problems for first order systems of ordinary differential equations of the form\[zy'\left( z \right) = \left( {\lambda A_1 \left( z \right) + A_0 \left( z \right)} \right)y\left( z \right),\,\,y\left( {ze^{2\pi i} } \right) = e^{2\pi iv} y\left( z \right)\]for z ϵ Slog, where S is a ring region around zero, Slog denotes the Riemann surface of the logarithm over S, the coefficient matrix functions A1(z) and A0(z) are holomorphic on S, and v is a complex number. The eigenfunctions of this eigenvalue problem are the Floquet solutions of the differential system with v as characteristic exponent. For an open subset S0 of S, the notion of A1‐convexity of the pair (S0, S) is introduced. For A1‐convex pairs (S0, S) it is shown that the expansion into eigenfunctions and associated functions of holomorphic functions on Slog, satisfying the monodromy condition y(ze2πi) = e2πivy(z), converges regularly on Slog0 and is unique. If S is a pointed neighbourhood of 0 and A1(z) is holomorphic in SU{0}, it is shown that there is a pointed neighbourhood S0 of 0 such that (S0, S) is A1‐convex.It follows from the results of this paper that many expansions of analytic functions in terms of special functions can be considered as eigenfunction expansions of this kind.
Iwasawa's Theorem and Integrals on Lie Groups
Authors: Schindler Werner 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper it is proved that Iwasawa's decomposition transforms a certain class of measures on a Lie group H with finitely many components bijectively into a particular class of product measures. This can be applied to evaluate integrals as well as to construct effective algorithms for stochastic simulations on H. Cases of particular interest are the QR‐decomposition and the polar decomposition of regular matrices. Moreover, from the latter one can deduce simulation algorithms for specific unbounded Lebesgue densities on ℜn(n + 1)/2.
Über Reynoldsoperatoren und „Mittelwert bildende”︁ Operatoren auf halbeinfachen F‐Banachverbandsalgebren
Authors: Scheffold Egon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractActually, the immediate impetus for the development of the theory of l‐rings and f‐algebras, first worked out in [14] was the desire to clarify the theory of Reynolds operators, as formulated in [11].
Multi‐Responsive Polypeptidosome: Characterization, Morphology Transformation, and Triggered Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhou Linzhu , Guan Yanfei , Su Yue , Dong Chang‐Ming 
Published: August 2014

The biodegradable polymeric nanomedicines that may be integrated with multi‐stimuli‐sensitivity to achieve triggered or on‐demand drug release kinetics are challenging for polymer therapeutics and drug delivery systems. By controlling the structure transformation of one polypeptide‐b‐PEO copolymer, a novel multi‐responsive polypeptide‐based vesicle (polypeptidosome) presents the combined sensitivity of multiple physiological and clinic‐related stimuli, and both morphology and size of the polypeptidosome are changed during the triggered process. The designer polypeptide has unique structures composed of 1) light‐responsive o‐nitrobenzyl groups, 2) oxidizable thioether linkers, 3) photo‐caged redox thiol groups on parent poly(L‐cysteine), and 4) tunable conformation, which enable the polypeptidosome to have a peculiar multi‐response. The anticancer drug doxorubicin can be released in a controlled or on–off manner. The combination stimuli of UV irradiation and H2O2 oxidation induces a large effect and a lower IC50 of 3.80 μg doxorubicin (DOX) equiv/mL compared to 5.28 μg DOX equiv/mL of individual H2O2 trigger.
image
Tumor‐Acidity Activated Surface Charge‐Conversion of Polymeric Nanocarriers for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Targeted Drug Release
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Jiantao , Lin Zaifu , Li Xiuhua , Li Jianshu 
Published: August 2014

The development of stimuli‐responsive polymeric nanocarriers could significantly enhance drug bioavailability due to improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. However, in the drug delivery process, the poor cell uptake of drug‐loaded carriers has greatly limited the therapeutic efficiency for anti‐cancer applications. Herein, 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA) is engineered into the well‐defined biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymer poly(D,L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(2‐aminoethyl methacrylate) (PLA‐b‐PAEMA) to construct a tumor‐acidity activated nanocarrier (PLA‐b‐PAEMA/DMMA) for potential tumor therapy. After the loading of positively charged DOX·HCl into the negatively charged corona structure through electrostatic attraction, this carrier is expected to prolong the blood circulation time and smartly convert surface charge from negative to positive for enhanced tumor cell uptake and targeted drug release. Furthermore, this carrier exhibits additional cytotoxicity for tumor cells after the tumor‐acidity activated surface charge‐conversion from negative to positive. Thus, this smart carrier is a feasible candidate for potential cancer therapy.
image
Microstructures and high temperature properties of spray formed niobium‐containing M3 high speed steel
Authors: Wang H. B. , Hou L. G. , Zhang J. X. , Lu L. , Cui H. , Huang J. F. , Zhang J. S. 
Published: August 2014

The billets of M3 high speed steel (HSS) with or without niobium addition were prepared via spray forming and forging, and the corresponding microstructures, properties were characterized and analysed. Finer and uniformly‐distributed grains without macrosegregation appear in the as‐deposited high speed steel that are different to the as‐cast high speed steel, and the primary austenite grain size can be decreased with 2% niobium addition. Niobium appears in primary MC‐type carbides to form Nb6C5 in MN2 high speed steel, whereas it contributes less to the creation of eutectic M6C‐type carbides. With same treatments to forged MN2 high speed steel and M3 high speed steel, it is found that the peak hardness of these two steels are almost the same, but the temper‐softening resistance of the former is better. With higher high‐temperature hardness of the forged MN2 high speed steel, its temper softening above 600 °C tends to slow down, which is related to the precipitation of the secondary carbides after tempering. A satisfactory solid solubility of Vanadium and Molybdenum can be obtained by Nb substitution, precipitation strengthening induced by larger numbers of nano‐scaled MC and M2C secondary carbides accounts for the primary role of determining higher hardness of MN2 high speed steel. The results of the wear tests show that the abrasive and adhesive wear resistance of MN2 high speed steel can be improved by the grain refinement, existence of harder niobium‐containing MC carbides, as well as solute strengthening by more solute atoms. The oxidational wear behavior of MN2 high speed steel can be markedly influenced by the presence of the high hardness and stabilization of primary niobium‐containing MC‐type carbides embedded in the matrix tested at 500 °C or increased loads. The primary MC carbides with much finer sizes and uniform distribution induced by the combined effects of niobium addition and atomization/deposition would be greatly responsible for the good friction performance of the forged MN2 high speed steel.
An X‐FEM‐based numerical–asymptotic expansion for simulating a Stokes flow near a sharp corner
Authors: Foucard Louis C. , Vernerey Franck J. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryA numerical technique that is based on the integration of the asymptotic solution in the numerical framework for computing the local singular behavior of Stokes flow near a sharp corner is presented. Moffat's asymptotic solution is used, and special enriched shape functions are developed and integrated in the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) framework to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. The no‐slip boundary condition on the walls of the corner is enforced via the use of Lagrange multipliers. Flows around corners with different angles are simulated, and the results are compared with both those of the known analytic solution and the X‐FEM with no special enrichment near the corner. The results of the present technique are shown to greatly reduce the error made in computing the pressure and velocity fields near a corner tip without the need for mesh refinement near the corner. The method is then applied to the estimation of the permeability of a network of fibers, where it is shown that the local small‐scale pressure singularities have a large impact on the large‐scale network permeability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of stem cell markers and ABCG2 in recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Guzel Esra , Karatas Omer F. , Duz Mehmet B. , Solak Mustafa , Ittmann Michael , Ozen Mustafa 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) is the second most common tumor type related to mortality in males in the developed countries. Studies have demonstrated that therapeutic tools mostly ineffective to give positive outcome especially for PCa. Cancer stem cells are composed of a small cell population, which are supposed to have roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor recurrence after chemo‐radiotherapy. The aim of this research is to investigate expressions of stem cell markers in recurrent PCa and non‐recurrent PCa tumors as well as in adjacent normal prostate tissues.METHODSWe compared the expression of important stemness regulators like SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and ABCG2 in recurrent, non‐recurrent PCa and adjacent normal tissue samples using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).RESULTSOur results demonstrated that SOX2 and OCT4 are strongly overexpressed in PCa samples. Recurrent PCa samples are markedly positive for stem cell markers SOX2, OCT4, and KLF4. Furthermore, non‐recurrent PCa samples presented low levels of ABCG2, a multidrug resistance protein, compared to both normal and recurrent samples, which might be associated with chemo‐sensitivity.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced expression of ABCG2 and stem cell markers including SOX2, OCT4, and KLF4 in the recurrent PCa tissues postulates the suggestion that enrichment for cells with stem cell characteristics in these tissues might be playing a critical role for chemoresistance and recurrence of cancer. Prostate 74:1498–1505, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.