bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,4‐Addition of TMSCCl3 to (E)‐Fumaric Esters and Thermal Rearrangement of the Adducts to 3,4‐Dichloropent‐2‐enedioates
Authors: Wahl Benoit , Lee Darren S. , Woodward Simon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe diesters (E)‐RO2CCH=CHCO2R [R = Et, CH2Ph, iPr, iBu, tBu, 2‐ethylhexyl, (–)‐menthyl, (–)‐bornyl] undergo 1,4‐trichloromethylation with Me3SiCCl3 in 84–95 % yield with Bu4NX (X = OAc, Cl, F; 0.5–10 mol‐%) as an initiator. Optimal catalysis is attained with X = OAc and F; chloride is less effective, bromide is inadequate. Poor regioselectivity but high yields are demonstrated by mixed diesters (2 examples, both > 80 %). Heating of the trichloromethyl adducts, in the presence of Bu4N(OAc), leads to equilibrating, approximately equimolar, mixtures of RO2CC(=CCl2)CHCO2R and RO2CCH=CClCHClCO2R above 100 °C (7 examples). The latter component is produced under thermodynamic control, which can be isolated pure in some cases. The former is the kinetic product of E2 elimination.
Electroanalysis of Natural Compounds as Copper Chelating Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy
Authors: Hung Vinci Wing Sze , Bressan Lucas Paines , Seo Kanghoon , Kerman Kagan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe development of therapeutic compounds that can attenuate the toxicity exerted by the accumulation of metal ions has been an area of intensive research in neurodegenerative diseases. In this report, an electrochemical method was developed to determine the Cu(II)‐chelating ability of polyphenols that were implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The results suggested the strength of flavonoids to chelate Cu(II) as epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG)>resveratrol>clioquinol>baicalein∼scyllo‐inositol. Furthermore, the number of hydroxyl groups was found to play a role to lower Cu(II) oxidation signal using differential pulse voltammetry.
An analytical model of a deformable cantilever structure rocking on a rigid surface: experimental validation
Authors: Truniger Rico , Vassiliou Michalis F. , Stojadinović Božidar 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis paper describes an experimental program to examine the dynamic response of deformable cantilevers rocking on a rigid surface. The primary goal of the tests is to verify and validate a dynamic rocking model that describes the behavior of these structures. The benchmark response data was obtained from shaking‐table tests on deformable rocking specimens with different natural vibration frequencies and different aspect ratios excited by analytical pulses and recorded ground motions. The responses computed using the model are found to be in good agreement with the benchmark test results. Widely used impact, restitution and damping assumptions are revisited based on the experiment results and the analytical model findings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain signatures of perceiving a smile: Time course and source localization
Authors: Beltrán David , Calvo Manuel G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFacial happiness is consistently recognized faster than other expressions of emotion. In this study, to determine when and where in the brain such a recognition advantage develops, EEG activity during an expression categorization task was subjected to temporospatial PCA analysis and LAURA source localizations. Happy, angry, and neutral faces were presented either in whole or bottom‐half format (with the mouth region visible). The comparison of part‐ versus whole‐face conditions served to examine the role of the smile. Two neural signatures underlying the happy face advantage emerged. One peaked around 140 ms (left N140) and was source‐located at the left IT cortex (MTG), with greater activity for happy versus non‐happy faces in both whole and bottom‐half face format. This suggests an enhanced perceptual encoding mechanism for salient smiles. The other peaked around 370 ms (P3b and N3) and was located at the right IT (FG) and dorsal cingulate (CC) cortices, with greater activity specifically for bottom‐half happy versus non‐happy faces. This suggests an enhanced recruitment of face‐specific information to categorize (or reconstruct) facial happiness from diagnostic smiling mouths. Additional differential brain responses revealed a specific “anger effect,” with greater activity for angry versus non‐angry expressions (right N170 and P230; right pSTS and IPL); and a coarse “emotion effect,” with greater activity for happy and angry versus neutral expressions (anterior P2 and posterior N170; vmPFC and right IFG). Hum Brain Mapp 36:4287–4303, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the prognostic role of tumour‐associated macrophages in newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma and correlation with early FDG‐PET assessment
Authors: Cencini Emanuele , Fabbri Alberto , Rigacci Luigi , Lazzi Stefano , Gini Guido , Cox Maria Christina , Mancuso Salvatrice , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Kovalchuk Sofia , Goteri Gaia , Di Napoli Arianna , Bono Roberto , Fratoni Stefano , Di Lollo Simonetta , Bosi Alberto , Leoncini Lorenzo , Bocchia Monica 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), about 20% of patients still have relapsed/refractory disease and late toxic effects rate continue to rise with time. ‘Early FDG‐PET’ and tissue macrophage infiltration (TAM) emerged as powerful prognostic predictors. The primary endpoint was to investigate the prognostic role of both early FDG‐PET and TAM; the secondary endpoint was to test if early FDG‐PET positivity could correlate with high TAM score.A cohort of 200 HL patients was analysed. Induction treatment plan consisted of two to six courses of ABVD and, if indicated, involved field radiation therapy. All patients repeated CT scan and FDG‐PET after two cycles and after the completion of therapy. TAM in diagnostic specimens was determined by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody (anti‐CD68 KP1). Overall, early FDG‐PET was negative in 163 patients (81.5%) and positive in 37 patients (18.5%), showing a significant correlation with the achievement of CR (p < 0.0001). After a median follow‐up of 40 months, progression free survival (PFS) was significantly better for PET negative patients (p < 0.0001). CD68 expression was low, intermediate or high in 26 (13%), 100 (50%) and 74 (37%) cases, without difference in the distribution between responders and non‐responders. PFS analysis showed no significant difference in any score group. TAM score did not show any correlation with early FDG‐PET result.This study confirms that early FDG‐PET has a high prognostic power, while TAM score does not seem to influence the outcome; in contrast to our original hypothesis, it does not correlate with FDG‐PET assessment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cone–shell Raman spectroscopy (CSRS) for depth‐sensitive measurements in layered tissue
Authors: Khan Khan Mohammad , Majumder Shovan Kumar , Gupta Pradeep Kumar 
Published: August 2015

We report the development of a depth‐sensitive Raman spectroscopy system using the configuration of cone–shell excitation and cone detection. The system uses a 785 nm diode laser and three identical axicons for Raman excitation of the target sample in the form of a hollow conic section. The Raman scattered light from the sample, passed through the same (but solid) conic section, is collected for detection. Apart from its ability of probing larger depths (˜ few mm), an important attraction of the system is that the probing depths can be varied by simply varying the separation between axicons in the excitation arm. Furthermore, no adjustment is required in the sample arm, which is a significant advantage for noncontact, depth‐sensitive measurement. Evaluation of the performance of the developed setup on nonbiological phantom and biological tissue sample demonstrated its ability to recover Raman spectra of layers located at depths of ˜2–3 mm beneath the surface.
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Solar photocatalytic water disinfection of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium Perfringens using different low‐cost devices
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Alfaro Sergio , Acevedo Asunción , Rodríguez Juan , Carpio Edward A , Manzano Manuel A 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the disinfection capacity of two handmade low‐cost devices based on solar photocatalytic disinfection (SPC‐DIS): a plastic bottle (2 L) with a cylinder inside coated with TiO2 doped with zinc and a glass reactor (9 L) with an inner cylinder coated with pure TiO2. Disinfection experiments of wastewater‐derived Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium perfringens (104–105 CFU per 100 mL) were carried out under natural sunlight during winter.RESULTSClostridium perfringens was the most resistant microorganism and E. coli the least in all cases. The SPC‐DIS bottle achieved 100% disinfection for E. coli, but only 98.97% for Enterococcus spp. and 96.28% for C. perfringens. The SPC‐DIS reactor achieved, under optimum operating conditions, 100% disinfection for E. coli, 100% for Enterococcus spp. and 99.44% for C. perfringens. Maximum sustainable flow rate (22 L min−1) and maximum illumination ratio (1:2) were the best operating conditions. Operating with recirculation (interrupted illumination) favored C. perfringens spore formation. Best kinetic models were biphasic for E. coli and log‐linear for Enterococcus spp. and C. perfringens.CONCLUSIONThe two new devices showed higher disinfection capacity than common PET bottles (increase in disinfection rates up to 1.5 and 4.6 times), proving to be promising alternatives to the traditional method SODIS. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Alteration in PI3K/mTOR, MAPK pathways and Her2 expression/amplification is more frequent in uterine serous carcinoma than ovarian serous carcinoma
Authors: Mahdi Haider , Xiu Joanne , Reddy Sandeep K. , DeBernardo Robert 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the molecular profile of a large cohort of uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and ovarian serous carcinoma (EOC‐S).Methods628 UPSC and 5335 EOC‐S tumors were evaluated using a commercial multiplatform profiling service (CARIS Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Specific testing performed included a combination of gene sequencing (Sanger, next generation sequencing), protein expression (IHC) and gene amplification (CISH or FISH).ResultsTP53 was the most commonly mutated gene in both UPSC and EOC‐S (76% vs. 69%, P = 0.03). UPSC were more likely to have mutation in PIK3CA (29% vs. 2%, P < 0.001), FBXW7 (12% vs. 1%, P < 0.001), KRAS (9% vs. 5%, P < 0.001) PTEN (7% vs. 1%, P < 0.001), and CTNNB1 (2% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) compared to EOC‐S. On the other hand, EOC‐S were more likely to harbor mutation in BRCA1 (20% vs. 9% P = 0.17) and BRCA2 (18% vs. 6% P = 0.09). HER2 gene amplification (17% vs. 4%, P < 0.001) and Her2/neu expression (10% vs. 2%, P < 0.001) were more frequent in UPSC than EOC‐S, respectively.ConclusionUPSC have a distinct mutation profile indicating higher activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MAPK pathways and Her2 expression/amplification but a trend toward lower frequency of alteration in homologous recombination pathway compared to EOC‐S. Targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors should be evaluated in UPSC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:188–194. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular structure‐function relationship of dietary polyphenols for inhibiting VEGF‐induced VEGFR‐2 activity
Authors: Cerezo Ana B. , Winterbone Mark S. , Moyle Christina W. A. , Needs Paul W. , Kroon Paul A. 
Published: August 2015

ScopeWe recently reported potent inhibition of VEGF signalling by two flavanols at sub‐micromolar concentrations, mediated by direct binding of the flavanols to VEGF. The aim of this study was to quantify the inhibitory potency and binding affinity of a wide range of dietary polyphenols and determine the structural requirements for VEGF inhibition.Methods and resultsThe concentration of polyphenol required to cause 50% inhibition (IC50) of VEGF‐dependent VEGFR‐2 activation in HUVECS was determined after pretreating VEGF with polyphenols at various concentations. Binding affinities and binding sites on VEGF were predicted using in‐silico modelling. Ellagic acid and 15 flavonoids had IC50 values ≤10 μM while 28 other polyhenols were weak/non‐inhibitors. Structural features associated with potent inhibition included 3‐galloylation, C‐ring C2=C3, total OH, B‐ring catechol, C‐ring 3‐OH of flavonoids. Potency was not associated with polyphenol hydrophobicity. There was a strong correlation between potency of inhibition and binding affinities, and all polyphenols were predicted to bind to a region on VEGF involved in VEGFR‐2 binding.ConclusionSpecific polyphenols bind directly to a discrete region of VEGF and inhibit VEGF signalling, and this potentially explains the associations between consumption of these polyphenols and CVD risk.
Hypothyroidism modifies morphometry and thyroid‐hormone receptor expression in periurethral muscles of female rabbits
Authors: Sánchez‐García Octavio , Rodríguez‐Castelán Julia , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Cuevas Estela , Castelán Francisco 
Published: August 2015

AimTo evaluate the morphometry and thyroid‐hormone receptor (TR) expression in pelvic (pubococcygeus, Pcm) and perineal (bulbospongiosus, Bsm) muscles of control and hypothyroid female rabbits.MethodsHypothyroidism was induced administering 0.02% methimazole in the drinking water for one month. Hematoxylin‐eosin stained muscle sections were used to evaluate the fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) and the number of peripheral myonuclei per fiber. Immunohistochemistry was used to calculate the proportion of TR immunoreactive nuclei per fiber. Significant differences were considered at a P ≤ 0.05.ResultsAs compared to control rabbits, hypothyroidism increased the averaged fiber CSA and the myonuclei per fiber in the Bsm. Although the myonuclei number per fiber was also increased in the Pcm, the effect concerning the fiber CSA was only observed in a fraction of the Pcm fibers. Both TRα and TRβ were similarly expressed in the Pcm and Bsm. Hypothyroidism increased the expression of the TRα in the Bsm. Meanwhile, the expression of TR isoforms in the Pcm was not altered.ConclusionOur findings support that the TR signaling is directly involved in morphometrical changes induced by hypothyroidism in the Pcm and Bsm. The effect of hypothyroidism on the Pcm and Bsm could be related to the different type of fiber and metabolism that these muscles have. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:895–901, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruthenium(III) catalysed and uncatalysed oxidative mechanisms of methylxanthine drug theophylline by copper(III) periodate complex in alkali media: a comparative approach
Authors: Magdum Prashant A. , Bagoji Atmanand M. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: August 2015

The kinetics of oxidation of methylxanthine drug, theophylline (TP), by diperiodatocuprate(III) (DPC) has been investigated in the absence and presence of ruthenium(III) (Ru(III)) as homogeneous catalyst in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.21 mol dm−3 spectrophotometrically. The reaction exhibits 1:4 stoichiometry ([TP] : [DPC]) in both the cases. The order of the reaction with respect to [DPC] was unity, while the order with respect to [TP] was less than unity over the concentration range studied in both the cases. The rate was increased with an increase in [OH−] and decreased with an increase in [IO4−]. The order with respect to [Ru(III)] was unity. The ionic strength and dielectic constant of the medium did not affect the rate significantly. The main product 1‐methyl‐(3‐N‐formyl)‐2,4‐purinodione was identified by spot tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry spectral studies. Based on the experimental results, the possible mechanisms were proposed. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanisms were evaluated. The catalytic constant (Kc) was also calculated for Ru(III) catalysis at different temperatures. The activation parameters with respect to the catalyst and slow step of the mechanisms were computed, and thermodynamic quantities were determined. Kinetic studies suggest that the active species of DPC and Ru(III) are found to be [Cu(H2IO6)(H2O)2] and [Ru(H2O)5OH]2+, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer‐related symptoms predict psychological wellbeing among prostate cancer survivors: results from the PiCTure study
Authors: Sharp Linda , O'Leary Eamonn , Kinnear Heather , Gavin Anna , Drummond Frances J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer treatments are associated with a range of symptoms and physical side‐effects. Cancer can also adversely impact on psychological wellbeing. Because many prostate cancer‐related symptoms and side‐effects are potentially modifiable, we investigated associations between symptoms and psychological wellbeing among prostate cancer survivors.MethodsPostal questionnaires were distributed to men diagnosed with prostate cancer 2–18 years previously identified through cancer registries. General and prostate cancer‐specific symptoms were assessed using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐PR25, with higher symptom scores indicating more/worse symptomatology. Psychological wellbeing was assessed by the DASS‐21. Associations between symptoms and each outcome were investigated using multivariate logistic regression, controlling for socio‐demographic and clinical factors.ResultsA total 3348 men participated (response rate = 54%). Seventeen percent (95%CI 15.2%–17.9%), 16% (95%CI 15.1%–17.8%) and 11% (95%CI 9.5%–11.8%) of survivors scored in the range for depression, anxiety and distress on the DASS scales, respectively. In multivariate models, risk of depression on the DASS scale was significantly higher in men with higher urinary and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)‐related symptoms, and higher scores for fatigue, insomnia and financial difficulties. Risk of anxiety on the DASS scale was higher in men with higher scores for urinary, bowel and ADT‐related symptoms and fatigue, dyspnoea and financial difficulties. Risk of distress on the DASS scale was positively associated with urinary, bowel and ADT‐related symptoms, fatigue, insomnia and financial difficulties.ConclusionsCancer‐related symptoms significantly predict psychological wellbeing among prostate cancer survivors. Greater use of interventions and medications and to alleviate symptoms might improve psychological wellbeing of prostate cancer survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological interventions for distress in adults undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Baliousis Michael , Rennoldson Michael , Snowden John A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the characteristics, methodology, quality, and efficacy of psychological interventions for distress in adult patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsA systematic review of relevant studies was conducted using six databases with supplementary hand searching. Included studies employed an experimental or quasi‐experimental design, interventions included at least one psychological component, and outcomes involved psychological distress in affective terms. Data were abstracted, and study quality was assessed using Cochrane Foundation criteria amended to include confounder and common factors control. Data were examined and synthesised using a narrative approach and meta‐analysis.ResultsEleven articles for nine interventions met the inclusion criteria out of 11 741 abstracts. The studies varied in quality, general, intervention, and methodological characteristics while findings were mixed. Interventions tended to show better efficacy when incorporating a major psychological component involving cognitive behavioural or emotional processing methods with substantial interventionist input. However, this was also associated with methodological limitations and threats to internal validity such as poor confounder and common factors control. A meta‐analysis yielded a small but significant pooled effect size estimate in favour of interventions with inconsequential heterogeneity. Risk of bias remained a concern.ConclusionsPsychological interventions may provide some benefit in alleviating distress in HSCT but conclusions remain tentative in light of methodological limitations and risk of bias. Further research is needed to evidence the individual contribution of intervention components and mechanism of change together with improving intervention efficiency and methodological quality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Occurrence and Thermal Disequilibrium State of Permafrost in Forest Ecotopes of the Great Slave Region, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Morse P. D. , Wolfe S. A. , Kokelj S. V. , Gaanderse A. J. R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPermafrost underlies peatlands of the Great Slave region, Northwest Territories, Canada, but permafrost relations beneath other ecotopes of black spruce (Picea mariana), white birch (Betula papyrifera) and mixed forests remain unknown. Permafrost‐ecotope relations examined over a 3 year period (2010–13) establish the occurrence and thermal state of permafrost under these different types of forest. Air temperatures and snow depths are regionally consistent. Ground temperature variation primarily reflects latent heat effects during the freezing season, with the duration of season‐normalised active‐layer freezeback explaining 76% of 1 m ground temperature variation among all sites except xeric peatland. Low apparent thermal diffusivities from substantial latent heat effects strongly attenuate ground temperature variation with depth, and yield zero annual amplitude depths of 7 m or less where annual mean ground temperatures range among sites from ‐1.4 °C to 0.0 °C. Extensive discontinuous permafrost conditions, related to the extent of forested ecotopes, are commonly in thermal disequilibrium. Whereas permafrost in peatlands may be ecosystem‐protected, this represents only about 2% of the area of the region. Permafrost in other forested ecotopes, occurring in ice‐rich unconsolidated sediments, is climate‐driven and ecosystem‐protected because of latent heat effects. Though the rate of permafrost degradation may be reduced, an eventual transition to isolated permafrost retained primarily within ecosystem‐driven peatlands implies substantial reductions of permafrost extent in this region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of Nitro‐Aromatics
Authors: Deschamps Jeffrey R. , Parrish Damon A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor a variety of reasons, including U.S. Federal law and improved safety, it is desirable to have insensitive munitions (IM). Although a variety of methods are available to reduce the sensitivity of munitions only changes to the high explosive (HE) itself result in increased safety during storage, transportation, handling, and deployment. As a result of this IM are almost always filled with fire resistant, shock resistant insensitive HE such as triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB). The high cost of TATB has limited its use. In this study we examine 28 nitro‐aromatics, including TATB and five previously unpublished structures, in the solid state in order to identify forces that stabilize the HE. We show that the sum of forces involved in crystal packing (i.e. the estimated energy of stabilization) has a direct relationship to the observed sensitivity of nitro‐aromatic explosives.
Flash Lamp Annealing of ITO thin films on ultra‐thin glass
Authors: Weller Stephanie , Junghähnel Manuela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUltra‐fast thermal annealing of thin films with annealing times of few milliseconds are faster und more energy efficient than conventional furnace annealing methods. By using flash lamp annealing, only the surface is heated while the substrate remains cold. This allows the refinement of indium‐tin‐oxide films on rigid and ultra‐thin flexible glass and improves their conductivity and transmittance.