bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transmission of information in the immediate aftermath of the great East Japan earthquake by the administration in their efforts to establish safe communities
Authors: Yamada N , Yamada M , Yoshiike N , Niiyama Y , Kokubo J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThis survey examines the availability of information in the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake in X City, which was affected by the disaster, and considers future disaster response policies.Aims/MethodsFor the survey, 451 households in X City were randomly selected from among the 26 818 households.ResultsThe survey yielded 359 responses from 248 of the 451 households.Attributes of the respondents; of the 681 people who responded, 294 (43.2%) were male, 355 (52.1%) were female, and 4.7%did not disclose their gender. The average age of the respondents was 48.7 (±22.6 years). Four hundred and ten respondents (60.3%) were married.The day after the earthquake; Moreover, 90 people (25.1%) were able to obtain the information they required the day after the earthquake, that is, three in four people could not obtain information.One week after the earthquake; 223 people (62.1%) reported that they were able to obtain the information they required. (5.9%) reported that although they were gradually able to access information, they could hardly obtain any information' even after 1 week.SignificanceIncidentally, 166 people responded, ‘The disaster took me by surprise and I was unable to cope with it as I wished and 156 (43.4%) said that they could cope with it as they wished. A safe community disaster program is one in which citizens learn disaster response measures in times of non-emergency.
The aging workforce: a population-based study of agricultural workers
Authors: Gerberich S , Alexander B , Church T , Ryan A , Mongin S , Renier C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOf concern, are aging workforces, particularly agricultural, with more workers aged >55 years than all industries combined (23% vs 14%) and fatality rates 9 times greater (25.4 vs 2.8/100 000 workers). Understanding the impact of aging is critical for their health and safety.Aims/Objectives/PurposeAnalyse injuries among agricultural operation workers in five upper Midwestern states in the US.MethodsIn 1999 and 2001, 16 000 operations, randomly selected (3200 per state) from the US Department of Agriculture's database, reported household injuries and demographics over 46 month periods. Following descriptive analyses, multivariable models, based on directed acyclic graphs and weighted for non-response and unknown eligibility, identified potential risk factors for agricultural injury, stratified by age group.Results/OutcomeInjury rates were four times higher among males aged 60–64 vs 20–24 years (194.1 vs 49.9 events/1000 persons/year). The highest rate for females was also among 60–64 years (75.5 events/1000 persons/year). Major injury sources were animals and falls; >35% of falls involved those 60+ years. Older workers were injured more severely: 43%, 39%, and 41% of those 55–59, 60–64, and 65+ years, respectively, had restricted activities >7 days; 19%, 25%, and 24%, lost >7 days of agricultural operation work. For those 65+ years, 18% sustained brain concussions, requiring treatment. Among workers aged 60–69 years working <20 h vs 80+ h/week, operation-related injuries were elevated with a relative risk of 4.2 (95% CI 0.9 to 19.3).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThese results support establishing the study of aging effects as a priority in agricultural populations for injury prevention.
Magnitude and associated risk factors of injuries among welders working in grill workshops
Authors: Ghimire Anup , Raj Niraula Surya , Badhur Singh Suman , Uprety Samyog , Pokharal Paras Kumar 
Published: October 2012

IntroductionWelding is a particular technology in the sense that it is needed in almost all kinds of metallic constructions, from bridges to cars and planes to structures. Welding is a physical demanding job. Safety hazards include the potential for fire or explosion and injuries from radiation, electrical shock, or materials handling. Welders are often exposed to potential workplace hazards that can be injurious to their health especially when exposure is on a regular and cumulative basis.ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude and identify the risk factors of work-related injuries among welders.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out among 181 workers working in different grill workshops in Damak, Birtamode and Itahari. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and information related to injuries to the persons suffered from injuries occurrence of any injury during working period within 12 months, factors related to injury and the use of personal protective devices during work. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using SPSS V.17.0. Proportions and χ2test was applied to test significance of variables.ResultThe prevalence of injury within 12 months period was 36.5%.The injury was common in the age group 15–24 years (42.4%) and majority of participant had working experience less than 5 years (57.5%).Similarly injury was more common among workers who works more than 48 h per week (63.6%). workers who didn't received any formal training faced more injury (80.3%) and 42% didn't used any personal protective devices during work.SignificanceIncreased rate of work related injury was observed when compared with similar studies done elsewhere. Preventive measures concerning functional occupational health and safety programmes are essential to safeguard the health and safety condition of workforce among welders.
Factors influencing the decision to engage in unsafe work practices: an air freight case study
Authors: Goode N , Salmon PM , Lenné MG , Hillard P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe air freight work environment contains hazards that constantly need to be monitored and mitigated by safe work practices. As well as the risks posed by manual handling tasks, workers operate heavy machinery and work around jet engines in a high traffic environment. However, little is known about the factors that influence worker decision making and behaviour in this context.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study aimed to identify factors that influence the decision to engage in risky behaviours that might result in an accident or injury.MethodsThe study was conducted at an Australian air freight company. Three activities were examined: loading planes, moving freight and using forklifts. In phase 1, workers were observed performing these activities as part of their normal duties and 36 Critical Decision Making interviews were conducted. In phase 2, management-level staff were asked to comment on the factors identified during phase 1.Results/OutcomeFactors influencing worker decision making were identified across multiple levels including: equipment, surroundings, other workers, technical and operational management, company management and airport management. Multiple interactions between these factors were also uncovered.Significance/Contribution to the FieldUnderstanding the factors that influence the decision to engage in risky behaviours in air freight workplaces will aid in the design of appropriate, informed, safety interventions and industry reforms in order to prevent injuries and accidents.
Injury incidence among recruits in basic military training and related factors in China
Authors: Hu G , Tan A , Liu X , Wang Q , Zhu S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFew published studies describe the complete injury profile of recruits in the basic military training in China.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo estimate the incidence rate of injuries among recruits in the basic military training (including training and non-training injuries) and to identify risk factors related to the occurrence of injuries.MethodsA total of 1389 recruits were selected at random using two-stage sampling at six army camps and were prospectively followed from December 2010 to February 2011. Injury information was collected by the physicians. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to measure the impact of factors based on two-level Poisson regression.Results/OutcomesIn total, 130 injuries, 121 injured recruits were registered. The injury incidence rate was 9.4%, consisting of 20% non-training injuries. Injuries highly occurred at the fifth, sixth and ninth week. The most common injuries were sprain/strain/rub, accounting for 65.4% of all injuries. The majority of injury body was lower extremity, constituting 61.5% of all injuries. Fifty-three percent of training injuries occurred at physical training. Recruits from urban areas and who self-reported intolerable training intensity had high injury risk (IRR=1.51, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.22; IRR=2.32, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.70) compared to those from rural areas and who reported tolerable training intensity.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIn addition to training injuries, non-training injuries also cannot be neglected for injury prevention among recruits in the basic military training in China. Attention should be paid to recruits from urban areas and who reported intolerable training intensity, so as to prevent injuries among recruits in China.
The relationship between shoulder disorders and instrument group in professional Australian orchestral musicians
Authors: Jacklyn G , Driscoll T , Ackermann B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundProfessional musicians have high rates of musculoskeletal disorders, but few studies have analysed the risk of shoulder pain and injury by instrument group and work environment.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo assess the prevalence and impact of shoulder pain and injury, and its relation to instrument group, in professional musicians from Australian orchestras.Methods374 musicians from six professional Australian orchestras completed a physical examination and cross-sectional questionnaire concerning their demographics, duties and physical activities at work. The outcome variable, left and right shoulder pain and injury, was assessed using a subjective pain score—the visual analogue scale—and objective physical examination. Prevalence rates were estimated and associations with risk factors assessed by logistic regression.Results/OutcomesShoulder pain and injury is common amongst professional orchestral musicians. The overall estimate for right and left shoulder pain was 19% and 12% respectively. There was an association between right shoulder injury and instrument group. Woodwind (OR 2.22 95%; CI 0.99 to 5.00) and upper string musicians (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.02 to 5.09) had a significantly higher OR when compared to brass players.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe findings reinforce the fact that shoulder disorders are common amongst professional orchestral musicians and highlight the need for prospective research into the occupational exposures that contribute to this problem.
Preventing children from being extra-riders on tractors
Authors: Jinnah-Ghelani H , Stoneman Z , Rains G , Brightwell B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChildren are often allowed to ride on tractors without a separate seat under the pretext of having fun and creating bonding. All too often they fall off and are seriously injured or killed.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis is part of a larger NIOSH-funded study aimed at utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour to evaluate a family-based farm safety intervention. This presentation focuses on reducing the risk of youth being extra-riders on tractors.MethodsThis research utilised a longitudinal, randomised-control design including two intervention groups (primary farmers or safety experts as teachers) and a no-treatment control. Lessons were taught to the whole family. Almost all primary farmers were fathers. Data were collected from the whole family. Data reported in this presentation were from 115 families.Results/OutcomeANCOVAs revealed that, after controlling pre-intervention levels, farmers in the primary farmer-led group were less likely to have unsafe behaviours and intentions related to giving a child ride on tractors than those in safety expert or control group. Both intervention groups reported positive changes in attitudes and risk awareness compared to control group. Youth in primary farmer-led group reported positive changes in behaviour and intentions compared to control group.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe safety intervention had a positive impact on primary farmer's behaviours, intentions, attitudes and risk awareness related to giving a child a ride on tractor, in both study groups. Similar findings emerged for youth. Findings help us create effective interventions that impact behavioural change in fathers and youth related to farm safety.
Development and implementation of an agricultural safety consultation program to protect dairy farm workers
Authors: Keifer M , Magurany-Brotski C , Guerrero-Silva F , Ellis T 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDairies in Wisconsin, America's Dairyland, were caught unprepared in summer, 2011 when the State's Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) announced it planned inspections and enforcement on dairies across the state. In Wisconsin, all work deaths dropped from 2009–2010, but agricultural deaths increased 66%, accounting for 32 of 91. OSHA is prohibited by Congress from enforcing on any agricultural operation with <11 non-family workers. However, dairy operations have grown. The National Farm Medicine Center developed the Agricultural Safety Consulting (ASC) service to assist the industry to improve safety and prepare for inspections. Our initial findings are presented.ObjectiveDescribe findings of safety consulting on Wisconsin Dairies.MethodsASC hired a career dairyman, a safety professional and a translator. Walkthroughs produced recommendations on safety changes and worker training. Data were collected on categorical hazards.ResultsMajor findings from nine large include: Average of 19.3 hazard findings in 31 hazard categories. Most common: lack of mobile equipment training (19), lack of fall protection (17), inadequate fixed machine guarding (15), unaddressed electrical hazards (10), missing hazard communication plans (9), confined space hazards (8), lack of required injury records (8), livestock handling issues (7).Contribution to the FieldFew Wisconsin farms have safety expertise. Farm Safety specialists are rare in the US. Training agricultural experts in safety and safety experts in agriculture produces a strong complimentary team. ASC provides safety consulting which can be coupled with research projects aimed at improving health and safety researchers and often cautious farm owners.
Underreporting of fatal occupational injuries in Norway, improved completeness by combining several sources
Authors: Ebba Wergeland , Finn Gjertsen , Johan Lund 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (NLIA) records fatal occupational injuries. Complete and correct recording is a prerequisite for efficient prevention.AimsTo assess the completeness of this register.MethodsFor 2000–2003 the NLIA recorded 171 fatal occupational injuries among residents in Norway. Each of these deaths was compared case-wise with fatal occupational injuries recorded in three other registers by means of their unique personal identification numbers: The Norwegian Cause of Death Register, The Register at Private Insurance and The Register at The National Insurance Administration. The two latter register compensated cases of occupational fatal injuries. The estimated real number was calculated by a capture-recapture model Yang H-C and Chao A (2006) Program CARE-4.ResultsThe aggregated number of fatal occupational injuries was found to be 252, the estimated number 296 (95% CI 276 to 330). NLIA reported 70% of prevalent cases and 60% of the estimated numbers.SignificanceMultiple sources are needed to improve completeness. Fatal occupational injuries in non-residents require special surveillance as they are not included in the Cause of Death Register. Underreporting by insurance register should be further examined.
The missing link in occupational health and safety: managing psychological injury risks and developing organisational health in Australian workplaces
Authors: McFarlane M , Karabitsios J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWith the harmonisation of work place health and safety legislation in Australia, heavy focus has recently been on ensuring workplaces are complaint and safety aware. However, the missing link is often consideration of critical psychosocial risk factors in the workplace and the significant cost of these to both the organisation and the individual.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study aims to assess the efficacy of a psychosocial risk assessment and intervention model in mitigating psychosocial risks, and to identify key organisational factors in reducing psychosocial risk profiles and increasing organisational health.MethodThe data utilised in this research is drawn from a range of organisations, including public, private and not-for-profit (N≥87different work groups),with outcomes measured at pre and post intervention.Results/OutcomesThis research found that psychosocial risks can be significantly reduced through a 3-stage assessment and intervention model, and that leadership capability emerged as one of the key drivers of psychosocial risk in the workplace. Interestingly leadership capability was also a key remediating factor in improving safety and managing psychosocial hazards in the workplace.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis research provides insights into the effectiveness of interventions in assessing and mitigating psychosocial risks in the workplace, and assists in understanding occupational stress Australia. The results provide valuable insights for organisations wishing to effectively and efficiently manage their corporate people risks.
Grass roots suicide prevention in rural Western Australia (WA)
Authors: Costello D , O'Brien M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundOne Life Suicide Prevention Strategy is the rebranded WA Suicide Prevention Strategy focusing on what communities can do to prevent suicide. One Life has operated in the South West region of WA since June 2011.Aims/Objectives/PurposeOne Life aims to use a community development approach founded in the core values of building; resilience, strong networks and social capital, facilitated by high levels of trust, cooperation and mutual understanding to reduce suicide at a local community level.MethodsBroad consultation, inter-sectoral collaboration, local partnerships, community engagement and a community development approach informs and shapes this grass roots action.One Life involves mapping of existing services and identification of Community Coordinators, who will then lead local communities to develop Community Action Plans (CAPs) addressing six areas:1 Improving the evidence base and understanding of suicide prevention.2 Building individual resilience and the capacity for self help.3 Improving community strength, resilience and capacity in suicide prevention.4 Taking a coordinated approach to suicide prevention.5 Providing targeted suicide prevention activities.6 Implementing standards and quality in suicide prevention.Results/OutcomesCommunity Coordinators have worked with their Committees comprising key stakeholders to develop CAPs. This process has resulted in targeted suicide prevention training and activities to increase awareness and reduce stigma associated with mental ill-health. In turn this is building community strength and resilience, at the community level, to reduce suicide.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe presentation will focus on the grass roots achievements of this strategy at a local and regional level.
Identification of factors in the dispersion of volatile substances of the internal environment of a chemical university laboratory
Authors: Peña O , Preciado L , Franco S , Medina M , Ramírez F , Mata C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundVolatile chemicals (VOCs) affect people's airways and maybe to be a risk factor to health if there is little culture of prevention, management and regulation in budding interior environments.ObjectiveTo identify factors that may increase the concentration of VOCs in the indoor environment of a university chemistry laboratory during student practice.MethodThe concentration was measured by portable flame ionisation detector in units of parts per million (ppm). It recorded three conditions: (a) with three extractors in to on and unlit, (b) practices study with volatile substances and unused, (c) instead of monitoring: front and back of the lab.ResultsThe variability of VOCs ppm for each of the effects, statistically significant difference test, comparing their mean square against an estimate of experimental error. In this case, two effects have p<0.05, indicating that they are significantly different from zero with a confidence level of 95.0%. When exhaust fans are running, it is reported that 1578 ppm smaller than amount when not in operation (1804 ppm). The average concentration of VOCs is reported of 2.03 ppm without using volatile substances and increased to 28.27 ppm when used, locating this concentration at the bottom of the laboratory.Conclusions ContributionThe concentration of VOCs increases when exhaust fans are not working and dispersed when operating only two of three extractors. With three fans, the VOCs were concentrated in a space and may be risk to health.
Traumatic hand amputations among Greek adults: epidemiology and prevention dimensions
Authors: Panagopoulou P , Antonopoulos C , Kanavidis P , Michelakos T , Matsoukis I , Petridou E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundData regarding the epidemiology of traumatic hand/finger amputations are scarce. Likewise country specific risk factors that would lead to tailored interventions are rarely available, despite the high costs associated with reconstructive surgery and the frequently permanent disability.ObjectivesTo investigate epidemiological characteristics of hand amputations among Greek adults, focusing of preventable causes.MethodsNationwide extrapolations were produced on the basis of the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) records over 10-years; along with text analysis, these data were also used to derive the epidemiologic profile of the respective injuries.ResultsAmong ∼300 000 injured individuals >14 years, 20% presented with a hand/finger injury, out of which 728 were amputations (∼1.3% of hand injuries), leading to a 39.3/100 000 person-years incidence rate for hand amputations. The annual probability of a severe hand injury requiring hospital attention was 3%. Of note, 15% were migrant workers (∼3-fold higher risk). Males (90%) outnumbered women and the incidence peaked in ages 45–64; occupational were characterised two-thirds of the accidents. Machinery (56%), materials (11%) and parts of buildings/furniture (8%) were the most commonly products involved, with wood-working being a worth-noting risk factor (20%). Interestingly, inattention (6%) was reported as the underlying cause by the amputees themselves, 10% of whom were transferred to specialised units for replantation/reconstructive surgery.Significance/Contribution to the FieldA noticeable proportion of all outpatient injuries involve the hand with hand/finger amputations with 10% referral for reconstruction. Indispensable for decision-making databases, like EDISS, show the domains that should be targeted to reduce unnecessary suffering.