bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Transporter (DaT) Scan Utilization in a Movement Disorder Center
Authors: Oravivattanakul Srivadee , Benchaya Lucas , Wu Guiyun , Ahmed Anwar , Itin Ilia , Cooper Scott , Gostkowski Michal , Rudolph Joseph , Appleby Kristin , Sweeney Patrick , Fernandez Hubert H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to describe utilization patterns of dopamine transporter (DaT) scan and its influence on patient management at a single movement disorders center. DaT scan helps differentiate between neurodegenerative from non‐neurodegenerative parkinsonism and essential tremor (ET). It has been recently approved in the United States in 2011.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients, observed by movement disorders neurologists, who received a DaT scan. Demographic data, medication use, and prescan diagnosis were collected.ResultsA total of 216 DaT scans were performed at our center from 1 June 2011 to 31 October 2012. A total of 175 scans were included for analysis. Rates of DaT scan utilization varied from 5 to 33 per 100 new patients observed. When our specialists suspected neurodegenerative parkinsonism before the scan (N = 70), the scan was abnormal in 57%. When non‐neurodegenerative parkinsonism was prescan diagnosis (N = 46), the scan was normal in 65%. When essential/dystonic tremor was suspected (N = 14), the scan was normal in 79%. When psychogenic disorder was the prescan diagnosis (N = 15), the scan was normal in only 47%. Only 4% of patients with abnormal scan remained off anti‐PD medications, whereas 24% of patients with negative scan were still on anti‐PD medications.ConclusionsDaT scan utilization among specialists varied greatly. Scan results correlated most when prescan diagnosis was ET than when working diagnosis was neurodegenerative parkinsonism or other non‐neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Scan result was least consistent when prescan diagnosis was psychogenic disorder. Finally, DaT scans influenced medical treatment more when it was abnormal, compared to when it was normal.
Velocity‐selective‐inversion prepared arterial spin labeling
Authors: Qin Qin , van Zijl Peter C.M. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo develop a Fourier‐transform based velocity‐selective inversion (FT‐VSI) pulse train for velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL).MethodsThis new pulse contains paired and phase cycled refocusing pulses. Its sensitivities to B0/B1 inhomogeneity and gradient imperfections such as eddy currents were evaluated through simulation and phantom studies. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification using FT‐VSI prepared VSASL was compared with conventional VSASL and pseudocontinuous ASL (PCASL) at 3 Tesla.ResultsSimulation and phantom results of the proposed FT‐VSI pulse train demonstrated excellent robustness to B0/B1 field inhomogeneity and eddy currents. The estimated CBF of gray matter and white matter for the FT‐VSI prepared VSASL, averaged among eight healthy volunteers, were 49.5 ± 7.5 mL/100 g/min and 14.8 ± 2.4 mL/100 g/min, respectively. Excellent correlation and agreement between the FT‐VSI method and conventional VSASL and PCASL were found. The averaged signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) value in gray matter of the FT‐VSI method was 39% higher than VSASL using conventional double refocused hyperbolic tangent pulses and 9% lower than PCASL.ConclusionA novel FT‐VSI pulse train was demonstrated to be a suitable labeling module for VSASL with robustness of velocity‐selective profile to B0/B1 field inhomogeneity and gradient imperfections. Compared with conventional VSASL, FT‐VSI prepared VSASL produced consistent CBF maps with higher SNR values. Magn Reson Med 76:1136–1148, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution 1H‐MRSI of the brain using SPICE: Data acquisition and image reconstruction
Authors: Lam Fan , Ma Chao , Clifford Bryan , Johnson Curtis L. , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo develop data acquisition and image reconstruction methods to enable high‐resolution 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the brain, using the recently proposed subspace‐based spectroscopic imaging framework called SPICE (SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation).Theory and MethodsSPICE is characterized by the use of a subspace model for both data acquisition and image reconstruction. For data acquisition, we propose a novel spatiospectral encoding scheme that provides hybrid data sets for determining the subspace structure and for image reconstruction using the subspace model. More specifically, we use a hybrid chemical shift imaging /echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging sequence for two‐dimensional (2D) MRSI and a dual‐density, dual‐speed echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging sequence for three‐dimensional (3D) MRSI. For image reconstruction, we propose a method that can determine the subspace structure and the high‐resolution spatiospectral reconstruction from the hybrid data sets generated by the proposed sequences, incorporating field inhomogeneity correction and edge‐preserving regularization.ResultsPhantom and in vivo brain experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. For 2D MRSI experiments, SPICE is able to produce high‐SNR spatiospectral distributions with an approximately 3 mm nominal in‐plane resolution from a 10‐min acquisition. For 3D MRSI experiments, SPICE is able to achieve an approximately 3 mm in‐plane and 4 mm through‐plane resolution in about 25 min.ConclusionSpecial data acquisition and reconstruction methods have been developed for high‐resolution 1H‐MRSI of the brain using SPICE. Using these methods, SPICE is able to produce spatiospectral distributions of 1H metabolites in the brain with high spatial resolution, while maintaining a good SNR. These capabilities should prove useful for practical applications of SPICE. Magn Reson Med 76:1059–1070, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid inner‐volume imaging in the steady‐state with 3D selective excitation and small‐tip fast recovery imaging
Authors: Sun Hao , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik 
Published: October 2015

PurposeDevelop a method for rapid three‐dimensional inner‐volume (IV), or reduced field‐of‐view, steady‐state imaging. Methods: Tailored radiofrequency pulses for exciting a three‐dimensional IV were designed using a recently proposed algorithm and used in three different sequences: spoiled gradient echo, balanced steady‐state free precession, and “small‐tip fast recovery” (STFR) which uses a “tip‐up” RF pulse after the readout to fast recover spins to the longitudinal axis. The inner‐ and outer‐volume (OV) steady‐state signals were analyzed. To demonstrate the potential utility of the proposed method, segmented stack‐of‐spirals reduced field‐of‐view images in a volunteer were acquired.ResultsFor a given three‐dimensional IV excitation pulse, STFR can achieve higher IV/OV signal ratio compared with spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady‐state free precession. For spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady‐state free precession, this ratio is significantly lower than that produced by a single IV excitation. For STFR, this ratio exceeds that produced by a single IV excitation, due to partial OV saturation produced by the nonspatially selective tip‐up pulse. Reduced FOV STFR stack‐of‐spirals imaging with 2‐fold under‐sampling in both x‐y and z is demonstrated.ConclusionSTFR provides an effective mechanism for OV suppression in steady‐state IV imaging. The recently proposed joint pulse design method can be used in the STFR sequence to achieve fast reduced field‐of‐view imaging. Magn Reson Med 76:1217–1223, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post optimization for accurate and efficient reliability‐based design optimization using second‐order reliability method based on importance sampling and its stochastic sensitivity analysis
Authors: Lim Jongmin , Lee Byungchai , Lee Ikjin 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this study, a post optimization technique for a correction of inaccurate optimum obtained using first‐order reliability method (FORM) is proposed for accurate reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO). In the proposed method, RBDO using FORM is first performed, and then the proposed second‐order reliability method (SORM) is performed at the optimum obtained using FORM for more accurate reliability assessment and its sensitivity analysis. In the proposed SORM, the Hessian of a performance function is approximated by reusing derivatives information accumulated during previous RBDO iterations using FORM, indicating that additional functional evaluations are not required in the proposed SORM. The proposed SORM calculates a probability of failure and its first‐order and second‐order stochastic sensitivity by applying the importance sampling to a complete second‐order Taylor series of the performance function. The proposed post optimization constructs a second‐order Taylor expansion of the probability of failure using results of the proposed SORM. Because the constructed Taylor expansion is based on the reliability method more accurate than FORM, the corrected optimum using this Taylor expansion can satisfy the target reliability more accurately. In this way, the proposed method simultaneously achieves both efficiency of FORM and accuracy of SORM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuchal translucency distributions for different chromosomal anomalies in a large unselected population cohort
Authors: Christiansen Marianne , Ekelund Charlotte K. , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Hyett Jon , Eastwood Nathan , Ball Susan , Tabor Ann , Vogel Ida 
Published: October 2015

What's already known about this topic?

The distributions of the fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT) for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, monosomy X and unbalanced translocations are shifted towards larger values.
What does this study add?

We present visually the distributions of the fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT) for different chromosomal anomalies obtained from a large, unselected cohort with postnatal follow‐up. The NTs of the common autosomal trisomies, monosomy X and unbalanced translocations were shifted towards larger values, while the distributions for the balanced translocations, the uncommon autosomal trisomies and the triploidies more closely resembled that of the normal/no karyotype population.
Application of risk score analysis to low‐coverage whole genome sequencing data for the noninvasive detection of trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13
Authors: Tynan J. A. , Kim S. K. , Mazloom A. R. , Zhao C. , McLennan G. , Tim R. , Liu L. , Hannum G. , Hull A. , Bombard A. T. , Oeth P. , Burcham T. , van den Boom D. , Ehrich M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesClinical performance of a low coverage, low cost, massively parallel sequencing (MPS)‐based assay to stratify risk of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 pregnancies was determined.MethodsThe study included 1100 samples with birth outcome or karyotype results, comprising low‐risk patients (84.2%) negative for risk indications from maternal age, serum screening, ultrasound, or family history, and high‐risk patients (15.8%) with at least one of the aforementioned indications. Cell free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from maternal plasma. Library preparation incorporated 96 index barcodes to enable sequencing on a HiSeq 2000 or 2500. Risk scores were calculated using chromosomal representation, fetal fraction, and maternal age at the estimated date of delivery. A risk score greater than or equal to 1 in 100 was used to stratify samples as high risk for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13.ResultsSensitivity and specificity were calculated based on risk group stratification. Trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 were detected with greater than 99% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity. Fetal sex classification accuracy was 99.3%.ConclusionsWe conclude that simplified MPS can be used to stratify the risk of pregnancies for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 and accurately determine fetal sex. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a combined physical and psychosocial intervention program for childhood cancer patients on quality of life and psychosocial functioning: results of the QLIM randomized clinical trial
Authors: van Dijk‐Lokkart Elisabeth M. , Braam Katja I. , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Takken Tim , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Streng Isabelle C. , Bierings Marc , Merks Johannes H. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Veening Margreet A. , Huisman Jaap 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveAlthough survival rates in childhood cancer have improved, prevention and reduction of late effects remain important. This study evaluates the effects of a combined physical exercise and psychosocial intervention on health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) and psychosocial functioning in childhood cancer patients.MethodsIn this multicenter randomized controlled trial, cancer patients (aged 8–18 years) and their parents filled in questionnaires on HrQoL, depressive symptoms, behavioral problems, and self‐esteem. Measurements were conducted at baseline, shortly after the 12‐week intervention period and 12 months after baseline. Generalized estimating equations analyses were performed to assess short‐term and long‐term psychosocial effects.ResultsOf the 174 eligible patients, 68 (39.1%) participated. The intervention group consisted of 30 participants at baseline [mean age 13.0 (SD 3.0) years; 53% male], 26 at short‐term and 22 at long‐term follow‐up. The ‘care as usual’ control group consisted of 38 participants at baseline [mean age 12.6 (SD 3.1) years; 53% male], 33 at short‐term and 31 at long‐term follow‐up. Overall, the intervention did not improve psychosocial functioning and HrQoL. According to parent‐proxy reports, the intervention leads to a greater improvement on pain‐related HrQoL on both the short (β = 13.4; 95% CI: 3.0; 23.8) and long term (β = 13.0; 95% CI: 1.6; 24.4) and to greater improvement on procedural anxiety immediately after the intervention (β = 12.6; 95% CI: 1.9; 23.3).ConclusionA combined physical and psychosocial training for children with cancer did not have effects on HrQoL or psychosocial functioning, with exception of modest positive effects on parent‐reported pain and procedural anxiety Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhamnolipids induce oxidative stress responses in cherry tomato fruit to Alternaria alternata
Authors: Yan Fujie , Hu Hao , Lu Laifeng , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhamnolipids showed an antimicrobial activity applicable to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, but mechanisms were mostly focused on their direct inhibitory effect.RESULTSThis study showed that disease incidence obviously decreased when cherry tomatoes were treated with rhamnolipids, whether before or after Alternaria alternata inoculation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, were increased in rhamnolipid‐pretreated cherry tomato inoculated with A. alternata within 12 h, while contents of reactive oxygen species decreased. Moreover, resistant response of cherry tomato treated with rhamnolipids and A. alternata was also attributed to activity stimulation of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, accompanied with an increase in reduced glutathione, which is beneficial for scavenging excessive H2O2.CONCLUSIONResults indicated that rhamnolipids could effectively reduce fungal disease of harvested cherry tomato by inducing fruit resistance and mechanisms involved in elicitation of antioxidative reactions such as the ability to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Eco‐driving in urban traffic networks using traffic signals information
Authors: De Nunzio Giovanni , de Wit Carlos Canudas , Moulin Philippe , Di Domenico Domenico 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe problem of eco‐driving is analyzed for an urban traffic network in presence of signalized intersections. It is assumed that the traffic light timings are known and available to the vehicles via infrastructure‐to‐vehicle communication. This work provides a solution to the energy consumption minimization while traveling through a sequence of signalized intersections and always catching a green light. The optimal‐ control problem is non‐convex because of the constraints coming from the traffic lights; therefore, a sub‐optimal strategy to restore the convexity and solve the problem is proposed. Firstly, a pruning algorithm aims at reducing the optimization domain by considering only the portions of the traffic light's green phases that allow to drive in compliance with the city speed limits. Then, a graph is created in the feasible region in order to approximate the energy consumption associated with each available path in the driving horizon. Lastly, after the problem convexity is recovered, a simple optimization problem is solved on the selected path to calculate the optimal crossing times at each intersection. The optimal speeds are then suggested to the driver. The proposed sub‐optimal strategy is compared with the optimal solution provided by dynamic programming for validation purposes. It is also shown that the low computational load of the presented approach enables robustness properties and results very appealing for online use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clitoral Pain Following Retropubic Midurethral Sling Placement
Authors: Christofferson Melanie , Barnard Jami , Montoya T. Ignacio 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Although uncommon, postprocedural pain with associated sexual dysfunction may be seen in patients after retropubic midurethral sling placement for treatment of stress urinary incontinence.

Aims
To describe a report of a woman who developed localized severe, persistent periclitoral pain after placement of a retropubic midurethral sling.

Methods
A healthy 41-year-old underwent an uncomplicated retropubic midurethral sling procedure. She developed persistent postoperative clitoral pain with worsening associated with arousal, impairing sexual function. Symptoms resolved with time and a course of steroid medication.

Main Outcome Measures
To report a case of clitoral pain following midurethral sling surgery, and to provide a discussion about clitoral innervation, possible pain etiologies, and management options.

Results
We report a case of clitoral pain associated with sexual dysfunction and provide a review of clitoral innervation as well as potential mechanisms of nerve injury associated with a retropubic sling procedure.

Conclusion
Clitoral pain symptoms following placement of a retropubic midurethral sling should be evaluated and promptly addressed, given the potential negative impact on the patient's sexual function.
Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) Analysis of Drug‐Metabolizing Enzyme‐Encoding Gene Polymorphisms may Predict Treatment Outcomes in Indian Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Tulsyan Sonam , Lal Punita , Mittal Balraj 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of response and toxicity of chemotherapy can help personalize the treatment and choose effective yet non‐toxic treatment regimen for a breast cancer patient. Interplay of variations in various drug‐metabolizing enzyme (DME)‐encoding genes results in variable response and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Generalized multi‐analytical (GMDR) approach was used to determine the influence of the combination of variants of genes encoding phase 0 (SLC22A16); phase I (CYP450, NQO1); phase II (GSTs, MTHFR, UGT2B15); and phase III (ABCB1) DMEs along with confounding factors on the response and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer patients.MethodsIn an Indian breast cancer patient cohort (n = 234), response to neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 111) and grade 2–4 toxicity to chemotherapy were recorded. Patients were genotyped for 19 polymorphisms selected in four phases of DMEs by PCR or PCR–RFLP or Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Binary logistic regression and GMDR analysis was performed. Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons was applied, and p value was considered to be significant at <0.025.ResultsFor ABCB1 1236C>T polymorphism, CT genotype was found to be significantly associated with response to NACT in uni‐variate and multi‐variate analysis (p = 0.018; p = 0.013). The TT genotype of NQO1 609C>T had a significant association with (absence of) grade 2–4 toxicity in uni‐variate analysis (p = 0.021), but a non‐significant correlation in multi‐variate analysis. In GMDR analysis, interaction of CYP3A5*3, NQO1 609C>T, and ABCB1 1236C>T polymorphisms yielded the highest testing accuracy for response to NACT (CVT = 0.62). However, for grade 2–4 toxicity, CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphisms yielded the best interaction model (CVT = 0.57).ConclusionThis pharmacogenetic study suggests a role of higher order gene–gene interaction of DME‐encoding genes, along with confounding factors, in determination of treatment outcomes and toxicity in breast cancer patients. This can be used as a potential objective tool for individualizing breast cancer chemotherapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
Emancipating Sexuality: Breakthroughs into a Bulwark of Tradition
Authors: Alexander Amy C. , Inglehart Ronald , Welzel Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article presents evidence for a rising emancipatory spirit, across generations and around the world, in a life domain in which religion hitherto blocked emancipatory gains: sexual freedoms. We propose an explanation of rising emancipative values that integrates several approaches into a single idea—the utility ladder of freedoms. Specifically, we suggest thatobjectivelyimproving living conditions—from rising life expectancies to broader education—transform the nature of life from a source of threats into a source of opportunities. As life begins to hold more promise for increasing population segments, societies climb the utility ladder of freedoms: practicing and respecting universal freedoms becomes increasingly vital to take advantage of rising life opportunities. This trend has begun to spill over into a life domain in which religious norms have until recently been able to resist emancipatory gains: sexual freedoms. We present (1) crossnational, (2) longitudinal, (3) generational and (4) multilevel evidence on an unprecedentedly broad basis in support of this theory.
Patriarchy, Power, and Pay: The Transformation of American Families, 1800–2015
Authors: Ruggles Steven 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article proposes explanations for the transformation of American families over the past two centuries. I describe the impact on families of the rise of male wage labor beginning in the nineteenth century and the rise of female wage labor in the twentieth century. I then examine the effects of decline in wage labor opportunities for young men and women during the past four decades. I present new estimates of a precipitous decline in the relative income of young men and assess its implications for the decline for marriage. Finally, I discuss explanations for the deterioration of economic opportunity and speculate on the impact of technological change on the future of work and families.
How to measure time preferences in children: a comparison of two methods
Authors: Angerer Silvia , Lergetporer Philipp , Glätzle-Rützler Daniela , Sutter Matthias 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe measure time preferences in a sample of 561 children aged 7–11 years. Using a within-subject design, we compare the behavior of our subjects using two distinct experimental measures of time preferences: a standard choice list with multiple decisions and a single choice time-investment-exercise requiring one decision only. We find that both measures yield very similar aggregate results, correlate significantly within subjects and can be explained by basically the same explanatory variables. Advantages and disadvantages of both measures are discussed. Our findings are relevant for the design of experiments to measure time preferences.