bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for an Autonomic Transport System in Smart Cities
Authors: Schlingensiepen Jörn , Mehmood Rashid , Nemtanu Florin Codrut 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Today the concept of smart cities is discussed in scientific society and politics. A core function of smart cities is transportation. This paper gives a short overview on the concepts for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) for smart cities and proposes a framework for the design of an autonomic transportation system that provides personalized mobility services to its users in a smart city setting. The transportation poses extreme environment for ICT systems due to fast moving vehicles and users, requiring real-time acquisition and high performance processing of large scale data, and rapidly changing communication networks topologies and node densities. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework that will act as a reference for the design of future transportation systems that are able to cope with the ever rising system complexities and users’ demands. Therefore, a backbone system providing information at different levels was designed following the principles of a corporative ICT that were proposed in [1]. The framework fulfills the main requirement providing suitable information about the local decision engines in vehicles and infrastructure interacting in smart cities traffic systems.
Speed Profile Prediction in Intelligent Transport Systems Exemplified by Vehicle to Vehicle Interactions
Authors: Bosankic Ivan , Banjanovic-Mehmedovic Lejla , Mehmedovic Fahrudin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) fall in the framework of cyberphysical systems due to the interaction between physical systems (vehicles) and distributed information acquisition and dissemination infrastructure. With the accelerated development of wireless Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to Infrastructure (V2I) communications, the integrated acquiring and processing of information is becoming feasible at an increasingly large scale. Accurate prediction of the traffic information in real time, such as the speed, flow, density has important applications in many areas of Intelligent Transport systems. It is a challenging problem due to the dynamic changes of the traffic states caused by many uncertain factors along a travelling route. In this paper we present a V2V based Speed Profile Prediction approach (V2VSPP) that was developed using neural network learning to predict the speed of selected agents based on the received signal strength values of communications between pairs of vehicles. The V2VSPP was trained and evaluated by using traffic data provided by the Australian Centre for Field Robotics. It contains vehicle state information, vehicle-to-vehicle communications and road maps with high temporal resolution for large numbers of interacting vehicles over a long time period. The experimental results show that the proposed approach (V2VSPP) has the capability of providing accurate predictions of speed profiles in multi-vehicle trajectories setup.
A Distribution Method of High Precise Differential Corrections for a Network Beidou/RTK System Based on Vehicular Networks
Authors: Liu Jian , Zheng Hongjiang , Chen Wei , Liu Huiheng 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In recent years urban traffic safety has become a widely concerned issue due to the increasing traffic accidents caused by the growth of private car ownership. A very promising method is to provide high precision navigation service to prevent accidents. Therefore, a Network BDS/RTK System Based on Vehicular Networks (NBRSBVNs) is proposed for high precision positioning in an urban complex traffic environment in this paper. This system considers comprehensively the characteristics of the vehicular network and network RTK techniques, and also provides a new distribution method of high precision differential correction information. According to the massive field tests, this system scheme can support real-time and online high precision navigation service of multiple users at the same time. It has important practical significance in applications for vehicles active safety in a complex urban environment.
Existence and uniqueness of minimizers of general least gradient problems
Authors: Jerrard Robert L. , Moradifam Amir , Nachman Adrian I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Motivated by problems arising in conductivity imaging, we prove existence, uniqueness, and comparison theorems – under certain sharp conditions –
for minimizers of the general least gradient problem

inf

u
∈

B
⁢

V
f

⁢

(
Ω
)

⁡

∫
Ω

φ
⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
u

)

\inf_{u\in BV_{f}(\Omega)}\int_{\Omega}\varphi(x,Du)

,
where

f
:

∂
⁡
Ω

→
ℝ

f:\partial\Omega\to\mathbb{R}

is continuous,

B
⁢

V
f

⁢

(
Ω
)

:=

{

v
∈

B
⁢
V
⁢

(
Ω
)

:

lim

r
→
0

⁡

ess

⁢
sup

y
∈
Ω

,

|

x
-
y

|

<
r

⁡

|

f
⁢

(
x
)

-

v
⁢

(
y
)

|

=

0
⁢
for
⁢
x

∈

∂
⁡
Ω

}

BV_{f}(\Omega):=\bigl{\{}v\in BV(\Omega):\lim_{r\to 0}\operatornamewithlimits{%
ess\,sup}_{y\in\Omega,|x-y|<r}|f(x)-v(y)|=0\text{ for }x\in\partial\Omega\bigr%
{\}}

and

φ
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

\varphi(x,\xi)

is a function that, among other properties, is convex and homogeneous of degree 1 with
respect to the ξ variable.
In particular, we prove that if

a
∈

C

1
,
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

a\in C^{1,1}(\Omega)

is bounded away from zero, then minimizers of the weighted least gradient problem

inf

u
∈

B
⁢

V
f

⁡

∫
Ω

a
⁢

|

D
⁢
u

|

\inf_{u\in BV_{f}}\int_{\Omega}a|Du|

are unique in

B
⁢

V
f

⁢

(
Ω
)

BV_{f}(\Omega)

. We construct counterexamples to show that the regularity assumption

a
∈

C

1
,
1

a\in C^{1,1}

is sharp, in the sense that it can not be replaced by

a
∈

C

1
,
α

⁢

(
Ω
)

a\in C^{1,\alpha}(\Omega)

with any

α
<
1

\alpha<1

.
In vitro assessment of CYP1A2 and 2C9 inhibition potential of Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica in human liver microsomes
Authors: Savai Jay , Varghese Alice , Pandita Nancy , Chintamaneni Meena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Background: Several herbal drugs and allopathic medicines when co-administered can lead to severe herb-drug interactions. Hence, this study was undertaken in order to assess the in vitro inhibition potential of Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica with cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 2C9 enzyme using human liver microsomes.

Methods: Inhibitory potential of crude extracts of both the medicinal plants along with their principal phytoconstituents were investigated using selective probe substrate technique. IC50, Ki values and mode of inhibition were determined.

Results: The results of the study revealed that W. somnifera showed no significant interaction with both the isoforms of CYP. However, ethanolic extract of C. asiatica significantly inhibited both CYP1A2 (IC50 value – 42.23±3.65 μg/mL/Ki value – 14.93±4.59 μg/mL) and 2C9 enzyme (IC50 value – 48.41±4.64 μg/mL/Ki value – 23.89±3.14 μg/mL) in a competitive manner. The flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol showed potent (IC50 values less than 10 μM) inhibition of CYP1A2 activity with no significant inhibition of CYP2C9 enzyme.

Conclusions: Thus, these findings of the study might be helpful for safe and effective use of C. asiatica in clinical practice. However, its in vivo interaction study in humans is still warranted.
Synthesis and application of functionalized ionic liquids as solvent to corn stalk for phenolic resin modification
Authors: Guo Liying , Zhang Bin , Bai Shiyang , Ma Xiuyun , Wang Zhiming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThree functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) of [HeMIM]Cl, [CeMIM]Cl, and [AeMIM]Br that can dissolve corn stalk were synthesized and characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H NMR. The dissolved corn stalk was in situ blended with phenol and formaldehyde to produce modified phenolic resin composites. The resulting composites were characterized via FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and tested for their mechanical properties. In addition, the effects of ILs on the dissolution rate of corn stalks and on the mechanical properties of the modified phenolic resin were investigated as well. The results showed that the synthesized ILs presented good solubility toward corn stalk at the optimum temperature of 90°C. After modification with corn stalk dissolved in ILs, the mechanical properties of phenolic resin were significantly improved. At the same conditions, the phenolic resin modified with [AeMIM]Br presented the lowest concentration of free formaldehyde and the best mechanical properties, in which the tensile strength and impact strength were improved from 3.28 MPa and 0.93 kJ/m2 to 9.36 MPa and 5.74 kJ/m2, respectively, but the hardness only changed slightly.
Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of an acrylamide-based magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the recognition of sulfonamide drugs
Authors: Chen Lei , Lee Yean Kee , Manmana Yanawut , Tay Kheng Soo , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Rahman Noorsaadah Abd 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this work, a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MION-MIP) was prepared for the recognition and extraction of sulfadiazine (SDZ). The acrylamide-based MIP was imprinted directly onto the surface of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate-modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized MION-MIP with a diameter about 100 nm possesses fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity. The results also indicated that a higher maximum adsorption capacity (775 μg g-1) was achieved by the synthesized MION-MIP. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. The results from the competitive binding experiment showed that MION-MIP was not only selective toward SDZ but the adsorption of sulfamerazine was also dramatically high. SDZ and sulfamerazine have an almost similar substructure where these two compounds were only differentiated by one methyl group. To explain this result, a computational study was carried out. From a different level of calculation with semiempirical (PM3), Hartree-Fock (HF), and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, SDZ and sulfamerazine showed similar interaction energy and interaction mechanism with the acrylamide monomer. Therefore, both SDZ and sulfamerazine could have the same binding property with the MION-MIP.
Competitive Spillovers and Regulatory Exploitation by Skilled Nursing Facilities
Authors: Bowblis John R. , Brunt Christopher S. , Grabowski David C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Typically, research on the effect of ownership has considered health care providers in isolation of competitive interaction from other firms. This analysis considers how the selection of Medicare reimbursement codes for skilled nursing facilities varies by ownership and is influenced by the competitive spillovers from market dominance of for-profit institutions. We find evidence that not-for-profits are less likely to code patients into the highest reimbursement categories. Further, as the market becomes dominated by for-profits, both for-profit and not-for-profits increase the share of patients in these high reimbursement categories.
Design of OFDM Signal with Good Autocorrelation for Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Zheng Shi , Pan Xuehan , Zhang Anxue , Jiang Yansheng , Wang Wenbing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been proved to have a number of advantages. To improve the performance of a GPR system, time domain non-periodic autocorrelation (AC) of the transmitted OFDM signal should be designed to have similar shape to an ideal pulse. Challenge in OFDM signal design for GPR is that there is little pertinent literature and the design should be different from that in communication and air radar fields. In this paper, we propose a design scheme of OFDM signal with good AC for GPR. We divide the AC into main lobe and side lobe with proving that the main lobe is dominated with the functionality of the modulating amplitudes while the side lobe’s main function is modulating phases. Thus, modulating amplitudes and phases can be designed, respectively. Performance of this proposed approach is demonstrated by numerical examples. The results show that the designed OFDM signal yields a better AC and fewer false alarms for GPR systems.
Provenance of the Permian Malužiná Formation sandstones (Malé Karpaty Mountains, Western Carpathians): evidence of garnet and tourmaline mineral chemistry
Authors: Vďačný Marek , Bačík Peter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The chemistry of detrital garnets (almandine; spessartine-, grossular-, and pyrope-rich almandine; andradite) and mostly dravitic tourmalines from three sandstone samples of the Permian Malužiná Formation in the northern part of the Malé Karpaty Mts (Western Carpathians, SW Slovakia) reveals a great variability of potential source rocks. They comprise (1) low-grade regionally metamorphosed rocks (metacherts, blue schists, metapelites and metapsammites), (2) contact-thermal metamorphic calcareous rocks (skarns or rodingites), (3) garnet-bearing mica schists and gneisses resulting from the regional metamorphism of argillaceous sediments, (4) amphibolites and metabasic sub-ophiolitic rocks, (5) granulites, (6) Li-poor granites and their associated pegmatites and aplites as well as (7) rhyolites. Consequently, the post-Variscan, rift-related sedimentary basin of the Malužiná Formation originated in the vicinity of a low- to high-grade crystalline basement with granitic rocks. Such lithological types of metamorphic and magmatic rocks are characteristic for the Variscan terranes of the Central Western Carpathians (Tatricum and Veporicum Superunits).
Upper Tithonian Himalayitidae Spath, 1925 (Perisphinctoidea, Ammonitina) from Le Chouet (Drôme, France): implications for the systematics
Authors: Frau Camille , Bulot Luc G. , Wimbledon William A.P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the late Tithonian ammonite faunas belonging to the Family Himalayitidae Spath in the key-section of Le Chouet (Drôme, France). The great majority of specimens from the Mediterranean Tethys, previously referred to Durangites Burckhardt, are now interpreted as juveniles and/or microconchs of the highly variable species Protacanthodiscus andreaei (Kilian). Moreover, comparison between specimens from France, Spain and Bulgaria formerly assigned to Durangites astillerensis Imlay and the type material of this species, supports the introduction of Boughdiriella chouetensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. Further, the revision of the type specimens of D. astillerensis and Durangites of the D. vulgaris group shows that the former species deserves a new generic status, for which Parrasiella gen. nov. is erected. Toucasiella, previously only known from Spain and Tunisia, is also reported for the first time from south east France. The revision of the “Mediterranean Durangites” supports the rejection of a Durangites spp. Zone as part of the standard zonation for the upper Tithonian, and its replacement by the P. andreaei Zone ( = D. vulgaris Zone sensu Sarti, 1988).
Compressed and moulded wood from processing to products
Authors: Kutnar Andreja , Sandberg Dick , Haller Peer 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the state of the art of different wood densification processes as one emerging process technology. The main principles for the processes are discussed, such as bulk and surface densification, bending, moulding of shells and tubes, as well as methods for reducing the shape memory effect of densified wood. The main challenges are in the field of scaling up to industrial applications. To provide a better understanding with this regard, some relevant scientific results are presented. Furthermore, the discussion considers the contribution of thermo-hydro and thermo-hydro-mechanical processes to a sustainable and low-carbon economy.
S1PR4 is required for plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation
Authors: Dillmann Christina , Mora Javier , Olesch Catherine , Brüne Bernhard , Weigert Andreas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has various functions in immune cell biology, regulating survival, proliferation, and, most prominently, migration. S1P couples to five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1–5) to transduce its effects on immune cell function. Expression of S1PR4 is restricted to immune cells. However, its impact on immune cell biology is largely elusive. In the current study, we intended to answer the question of whether S1P might affect plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) migration, which dominantly express S1PR4. pDC are highly specialized cells producing large amounts of type I interferon in response to TLR7/9 ligands after viral infection or during autoimmunity. Surprisingly, we noticed a reduced abundance of pDC, particularly CD4- pDC, in all organs of S1PR4-deficient vs. wildtype mice. This effect was not caused by altered migration of mature pDC, but rather a reduced potential of pDC progenitors, especially common DC progenitors, to differentiate into pDCs. In vitro studies suggested that reduced S1PR4-deficient pDC progenitor differentiation into mature pDC might be explained by both migration and differentiation of pDC progenitors in the bone marrow. As S1PR4 also affected the differentiation of CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells into pDC, interfering with S1PR4 might be useful to reduce pDC numbers during autoimmunity.
Sphingomyelin breakdown in T cells: role in activation, effector functions and immunoregulation
Authors: Beyersdorf Niklas , Müller Nora 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Host T cell activation, a key step in obtaining adaptive immunity against pathogens, is initiated by the binding of the T cell receptor to a foreign antigenic peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell and, consequently, formation of an immunological synapse. Within the immunological synapse, the engagement of the T cell receptor in cooperation with simultaneous ligation of co-stimulatory molecules induces a precisely organized cascade of signaling events and pathways that regulate clonal expansion and differentiation of naïve T cells into effector T cells contributing to pathogen clearance. The biochemical changes that underlie T cell activation and differentiation, however, not only involve proteins but also lipids. In particular, catabolic cleavage of sphingomyelin generating ceramide can substantially influence functional responses in cells of the immune system. Changes in sphingomyelin and ceramide content have been reported to directly impact on membrane physiology, thus modifying signal transmission and interfering with diverse aspects of T cell activity. In this review we will focus on sphingomyelin breakdown/ceramide generation in T cells with regard to their function and development of T cell-mediated immunity.
A Class of Neuro-Computational Methods for Assamese Fricative Classification
Authors: Patgiri Chayashree , Sarma Mousmita , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this work, a class of neuro-computational classifiers are used for classification of fricative phonemes of Assamese language. Initially, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based classifier is used for classification. Later, another neuro fuzzy classifier is used for classification. We have used two different feature sets for the work, one using the specific acoustic-phonetic characteristics and another temporal attributes using linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC) and a Self Organizing Map (SOM). Here, we present the experimental details and performance difference obtained by replacing the RNN based classifier with an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based block for both the feature sets to recognize Assamese fricative sounds.
Mutual Learning Using Nonlinear Perceptron
Authors: Saitoh Daisuke , Hara Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We propose a mutual learning method using nonlinear perceptron within the framework of online learning and have analyzed its validity using computer simulations. Mutual learning involving three or more students is fundamentally different from the two-student case with regard to variety when selecting a student to act as the teacher. The proposed method consists of two learning steps: first, multiple students learn independently from a teacher, and second, the students learn from others through mutual learning. Results showed that the mean squared error could be improved even if the teacher had not taken part in the mutual learning.
The Effect of Dietary Vitamin C on Carbohydrate Concentrations and Hydrolase Activity, During the Development of Honey Bee Worker Brood
Authors: Farjan Marek , Żółtowska Krystyna , Lipiński Zbigniew , Łopieńska-Biernat Elżbieta , Dmitryjuk Małgorzata 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The colony collapse disorder is a growing problem world-wide. For this reason, we were prompted to search for natural and harmless agents that could improve the living conditions of honey bees. This group of agents includes exogenous antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, which boost natural immunity. We analysed the effect of vitamin C supplementation on carbohydrate metabolism in the developing honey bee worker brood. The total carbohydrate content and the concentrations of glycogen, trehalose, maltotriose, fructose, and glucose were estimated. The correlations between sugar content and the activity of the main hydrolases of carbohydrate metabolism - α-amylase, glucoamylase, trehalase, maltase, and sucrase - were determined. The addition of vitamin C to the diet of wintering bees did not impair their sugar metabolism. Vitamin C supplements exerted a positive effect by significantly increasing glycogen and trehalose concentrations in the initial phase of development and in newly emerged workers. Vitamin C did not induce significant changes in the developmental profile of carbohydrate degrading enzymes, except for the earliest stage of larval development when enzyme activity levels were below those noted in the control group.
The Importance of Field-Margin Location for Maintenance of Food Niches for Pollinators
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Wrzesień Małgorzata 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Understanding the factors that have an impact on the diversity of forage flora in the agricultural landscape is a key issue in the maintenance and control of food niches for pollinators. Field margins are common linear structures in the agricultural landscape. In the present study, we evaluated the factors that exert an impact on the forage flora composition and on the diversity in field margins. The study was conducted in the 2010 - 2011 time period across the agricultural landscape on the Lublin Upland of SE Poland. Data on the forage flora were obtained while making floristic charts along 45 transect plots x 300 m; the total length being 13500 m. Multivariate ordination techniques (PCA and RDA) were employed to analyse forage-flora characteristics. Field margins represent valuable refuge areas for forage-species richness, but not for the abundance of forage species. On field margins, forage-species diversity benefits from the location of natural habitats (forests or meadows), primarily if the distance from these habitats is <1000 m or the field acreage is <10 ha. The shift from heterogeneous habitats to a more homogeneous landscape causes a reduction of forage floral diversity. Due to lack of dense forage-species patches, the promotion of sowing nectariferous and/or polleniferous species seems to be a reasonable management method to enhance the quantitative food niche on field margins and to support the conservation of pollinators in the areas surrounding farms.