bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Therapy and Sustained Virological Response to HCV Therapy are Associated with Slower Liver Fibrosis Progression in HIV–HCV-Coinfected Patients: Study from the Anrs Co 13 Hepavih Cohort
Authors: Loko Marc-Arthur , Bani-Sadr Firouze , Valantin Marc-Antoine , Lascoux-Combe Caroline , Fontaine Hélène , Bonnard Philippe , Gervais Anne , Bouchaud Olivier , Garipuy Daniel , Quertainmont Yann , Vittecoq Daniel , Tehrani Michka Shoai , Winnock Maria , Dabis François , Salmon Dominique ,   the ANRS CO 13 HEPAVIH Study Group
Published: October 2012

Background The aim of this study was to describe changes in repeated liver stiffness (LS) measurements and to assess the determinants of increase in LS in HIV– HCV-coinfected patients. Methods HIV–HCV-coinfected adults enrolled in the ANRS CO 13 HEPAVIH cohort, for whom two results of LS, evaluated over ≥24 months, were available. Patients with unreliable LS results were not included. LS was measured at baseline and every year thereafter. Determinants of LS increase were assessed using linear (primary outcome: last LS minus first LS value) and logistic (secondary outcome: ≥30% increase in the initial LS value) regression analyses. Results A total of 313 patients (mean age 45 years, 67.4% male) were included. Overall, 93.9% were receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). The mean baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 471 cells/mm3 and 72.2% of patients had undetectable plasma HIV RNA. The mean interval between the first and last LS measurements was 33.5 months. No significant difference was found between baseline and follow-up mean LS values ( P=0.39). However, a decrease of ≥30% in LS was observed in 48 (15.3%) patients and an increase of ≥30% in 64 (20.5%) patients. In multivariate linear and logistic analyses, excessive alcohol intake (P coefficient 6.8; P=0.0006) and high HCV viral load (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1, 2.5; P=0.01) were independently associated with an increase in LS, whereas time on ART>114.5 months (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.9; P=0.03) and achievement of sustained virological response (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01, 0.9; P=0.04) were independently associated with no increase in LS. Conclusions Our findings show that long-term ART and achieving sustained virological response in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients are both significantly associated with lack of increase in LS over a 33-month period.
No Evidence of Autoimmune Disorders in Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Individuals after Long-Term Treatment with Raltegravir
Authors: Baroncelli Silvia , Mezzaroma Ivano , Fantauzzi Alessandra , Galluzzo Clementina M , Antoni Anna Degli , Vullo Vincenzo , Francisci Daniela , Ladisa Nicoletta , Vivarelli Angela , Cirioni Oscar , Sighinolf Laura , Weimer Liliana E , Fragola Vincenzo , Fidanza Rina , Cara Andrea , Palmisano Lucia 
Published: October 2012

Background The HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir (RAL) can exacerbate autoimmune diseases in genetically predisposed mice. To evaluate whether this may occur in clinical practice, we clinically monitored HIV-positive patients treated with RAL and measured a panel of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) during the first year of RAL treatment. Methods This was a longitudinal study in 109 antiretroviral-experienced patients who started a RAL-based regimen and were followed up for more than 2 years. A total of 45 patients were tested at baseline (before starting RAL) and after 12 months for the presence of the following auto-Abs: anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-smooth-muscle antibodies, anti-thyreoglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-cardiolipin immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M and anti-nuclear extractable antigens, including anti-SM ribonucleoprotein antigen, anti-Ro antigen and anti-La antigen. Results A low rate of clinically relevant autoimmune diseases was observed at study entry (3/109; 2.8%; 95% CI 0.004, 0.059). No exacerbations were observed during follow-up. During the second year of RAL-based therapy a previously healthy patient developed psoriasis. At baseline, 17/45 (37.8%) patients tested for the presence of auto-Abs were positive. Most patients ( n=13) were positive for anti-cardiolipin. After 12 months of RAL exposure, 9/45 patients were positive (20%; P=0.063). A positive correlation was found between HIV-1 RNA and anti-cardiolipin antibody concentration ( P=0.010). Conclusions According to these results, RAL does not promote antibody-mediated immune disorders, at least not in the mid-term. A prolonged follow-up and an extension of the panel of auto-Abs are recommended to support these results.
Entre dialogisme et antagonisme : le Parlement comme espace de résolution des controverses
Authors: Viktorovitch Clément 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article interroge le rôle du Parlement dans la résolution des controverses, à travers l'analyse de l'examen en séance publique de la première loi de finances rectificative pour 2011. Celle-ci comprend des mesures liées à deux sujets controversés : la réforme de la fiscalité du patrimoine et l'indemnisation des victimes du Mediator. Dans le premier cas, les débats ont été antagonistes : le gouvernement et l'opposition se sont affrontés pour emporter la conviction des citoyens auditeurs. Dans le second cas, la discussion s'est révélée dialogique : les parlementaires ont cherché une solution consensuelle à la controverse opposant le laboratoire Servier aux associations de victimes. Le Parlement apparaît ainsi à la fois comme un espace de publicisation et comme un lieu d'arbitrage des controverses. Plus généralement, ces résultats amènent à poser la question de la temporalité de la décision politique, qui est susceptible de clore la controverse, de la trancher en laissant subsister le désaccord, mais également de l'élargir à un public plus vaste. Cette étude met par ailleurs en lumière la nécessité de repenser la place de l'argumentation dans la notion de controverse, dont elle semble constituer une dimension constitutive.
Durkheim versus Lang. La controverse scientifique comme démonstration de force
Authors: Béra Matthieu 
Published: October 2012

resume Dans cet article, nous avons isolé une controverse entre Andrew Lang (anthropologue anglais) et Émile Durkheim (sociologue français), qui s'est étendue sur plusieurs années à propos de questions afférents au totémisme, qui intéressait les deux auteurs. Cette analyse a pour but de restituer quels ont pu être les arguments échangés et de souligner l'importance du dispositif des comptes-rendus d'ouvrages mis en place par Durkheim et L'Année sociologique entre 1898 et 1913 (12 volumes). On a tenté de montrer que la controverse est la démonstration d'une compétence publique à discuter, argument contre argument avec des spécialistes internationaux. En soi, elle constitue une véritable démonstration de force, qui a sans doute contribué pour une part essentielle (négligée jusqu'à présent), à assoir la renommée de Durkheim.
L'éducation civique libérale et le fondamentalisme religieux : L'affaire Dieu contre John Rawls
Authors: Macedo Stephen , Dilhac Marc-Antoine 
Published: October 2012

resume Avec la montée des revendications féministes et culturelles, on a reproché au libéralisme politique de ne pas prendre au sérieux la diversité en faisant la promotion d'une neutralité publique qui marginalise les minorités sexuelles, religieuses et culturelles. Aussi la « politique de la différence » s'est-elle présentée comme une alternative démocratique crédible à un libéralisme hostile à la diversité. Stephen Macedo entend montrer que le libéralisme politique respecte au contraire une large gamme de conceptions du bien et de modes de vie, mais ne saurait accommoder des minorités qui refusent le pluralisme afin de maintenir leur identité collective et dont les revendications et les pratiques entravent l'éducation publique à la citoyenneté démocratique, en particulier à la vertu de tolérance.
A Sterile Elastic Exsanguination Tourniquet is Effective in Preventing Blood Loss during Hemodialysis Access Surgery
Authors: Ladenheim Eric , Krauthammer Juergen , Agrawal Siddartha , Lum Craig , Chadwick Nathan 
Published: October 2012

Purpose We report the first use of a sterile elastic exsanguination tourniquet (SET) in performing hemodialysis vascular access procedures in 27 patients. The main advantages of this tourniquet are the reduction of blood loss and need for possible transfusions. Additional benefits are the near-perfect exsanguination and excellent exposure of the operative field. Methods This SET is a sterile elastic stockinet device that rolls up the arm starting from the hand by pulling on two handles. The elastic silicone ring provides sufficient pressure (220 ± 30 mmHg) to block arterial flow into the limb. The stockinet can be cut to provide access to the incision area while providing an additional sterile cover over the rest of the limb. Results No transfusions were required in any patients. Minor adverse effects occurred in four patients, including a twisted vessel, a bleeding vascular branch, a tear in atrophic arm skin, and pain, all of which had resolved on subsequent follow-up. Operational recommendations to avoid these adverse effects are outlined. Conclusions We conclude that this sterile elastic exsanguination tourniquet is effective and safe in preventing bleeding during upper extremity hemodialysis vascular access procedures.
Obra-Negosyo-Eskwela Countryside Enterprise Business Upliftment (ONE CEBU) Program: Students’ Experiential Entrepreneurship Learning
Authors: Chaves Mary Gretchen F. 
Published: October 2012

This paper documents the achievements and learning realizations of students who participated in the 2010-2011 Obra-Negosyo-Eskwela Countryside Enterprise Business Upliftment (ONE CEBU) Program, a Cebu Province and Mandaue Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MCCI) project, in collaboration with Cebu colleges and universities. ONE CEBUis envisioned encouraging and supporting the development of the countryside micro-entrepreneurs in the province of Cebu, with the help of university students. Consistent with Kolb’s experiential learning theory (ELT), the learners were brought closer to “concrete experiences,” in the real world business operations of their respective partner micro-entrepreneurs. Together with their faculty coaches and MCCI mentors, the students prepared the enterprises’ business plans which now serve as bases for the enterprises’ utilization of the financial grants provided by the Province of Cebu. Focus group discussions were conducted among the sixteen (16) student-teams after the program season phased out. The results of the interviews support this study’s hypothesis. Students claimed that their actual interaction with the enterprises’ value-chain partners their faculty coaches and mentors in the collaborative preparation of the business plans made them recognize the difference between the traditional classroom instruction learning methodology, highlighting the relevance of the real world experiential learning mode. Keywords - entrepreneurship education, experiential learning, micro-enterprises
Spatial and Temporal Details in Intentions: A Cue to Detecting Deception
Authors: Warmelink Lara , Vrij Aldert , Mann Samantha , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: October 2012

SummaryResearch into lying about intentions is relatively new. Studies have suggested that lying about intentions can be detected with statement analysing methods. This article describes two experiments. The first experiment investigates how much spatial and temporal detail is given by people who are discussing a true or false intention in a 26‐question interview. The results showed that those with a true intention gave more spatial and temporal details. The second experiment examines these details in a one‐question interview and whether the amount of temporal detail given can be manipulated by the phrasing of the question. The results showed that the amount of detail is much lower in these short interviews, but can be increased with specific phrasing. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Interesting Influence of Nanosprings on the Viscoelasticity of Elastomeric Polymer Materials: Simulation and Experiment
Authors: Liu Jun , Lu Yong‐Lai , Tian Ming , Li Fen , Shen Jianxiang , Gao Yangyang , Zhang Liqun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAmong all carbon nanostructured materials, helical nanosprings or nanocoils have attracted particular interest as a result of their special mechanical behavior. Here, carbon nanosprings are used to adjust the viscoelasticity and reduce the resulting hysteresis loss (HL) of elastomeric polymer materials. Two types of nanospring‐filled elastomer composites are constructed as follows: system I is obtained by directly blending polymer chains with nanosprings; system II is composed of the self‐assembly of a tri‐block structure such as chain‐nanospring‐chain. Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations show that the incorporation of nanosprings can improve the mechanical strength of the elastomer matrix through nanoreinforcement and considerably decrease the hysteresis loss. This finding is significant for reducing fuel consumption and improving fuel efficiency in the automobile tire industry. Furthermore, it is revealed that the spring constant of nanosprings and the interfacial chemical coupling between chains and nanosprings both play crucial roles in adjusting the viscoelasticity of elastomers. It is inferred that elastomer/carbon nanostructured materials with good flexibility and reversible mechanical response (carbon nanosprings, nanocoils, nanorings, and thin graphene sheets) have both excellent mechanical and low HL properties; this may open a new avenue for fabrication of high performance automobile tires and facilitate the large‐scale industrial application of these materials.
Asymmetric Intramolecular CH Insertion of α‐Diazoacetamides in Water by Dirhodium(II) Catalysts Derived from Natural Amino Acids
Authors: Candeias Nuno R. , Carias Carolina , Gomes Luis F. R. , André Vânia , Duarte M. Teresa , Gois Pedro M. P. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe asymmetric dirhodium(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion of α‐diazo acetamides in water is described for the first time. The use of natural α‐amino acids as chiral ligands allowed the preparation of novel dirhodium(II) homochiral complexes by a simple procedure consisting of the in situ ligand exchange starting from dirhodium tetraacetate. The catalytic system was further reused up to 7 cycles and β‐lactams were obtained in good yields and enantiomeric excess.
Combining in situ Generated Chiral Silicon Lewis Acid and Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysts for [3+2] Cycloadditions: Cooperative Catalysis as a Convenient Enantioselective Route to Pyrazolidines
Authors: Serdyuk Olga V. , Zamfir Alexandru , Hampel Frank , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA facile enantioselective synthesis of chiral pyrazolidines via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, involving a BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid and an in situ generated BINOL phosphate‐derived silicon Lewis acid, which may act cooperatively, has been developed.
Evolution of Sound and Balance Perception: Innovations that Aggregate Single Hair Cells into the Ear and Transform a Gravistatic Sensor into the Organ of Corti
Authors: Duncan Jeremy S. , Fritzsch Bernd 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHere, we review the molecular basis of mechanosensory cell and mechanosensory organ development and evolution with an emphasis on the conservation of transcription factors and emerging data on conserved gene networks. The ear, the organ of vertebrates dedicated to the perception of sound and balance, perceives these stimuli with the use of mechanosensory cells. The developmental gene regulatory network used during mechanosensory cellular development has been conserved from ancient bilaterian cells, and modified for the extraction of specific mechanical stimuli resulting in phenotypic changes. In the vertebrate lineage, mechanosensory cells became specialized as gravistatic sensors after they became aggregated to form the ear. After this aggregation, growth, including duplication and segregation of existing neurosensory epithelia, gave rise to new epithelia and can be appreciated by comparing sensory epithelia from the inner ears of different vertebrates and their innervation by different neuronal populations. Novel directions of differentiation were apparently further expanded by incorporating unique molecular modules in newly developed sensory epithelia. For example, the saccule gave rise to the auditory epithelium and corresponding neuronal population of tetrapods, starting possibly in an aquatic environment. This novel sensory perception was followed by emergence of the central auditory nuclei and a selective cochlear nucleus projection. The data for this process is outlined and contrasted with other ideas dealing with a subset of the data. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Development of the Vertebrate Inner Ear
Authors: MagariÑos MARTA , Contreras JULIO , Aburto MARÍA R. , Varela‐Nieto Isabel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis is a review of the biological processes and the main signaling pathways required to generate the different otic cell types, with particular emphasis on the actions of insulin‐like growth factor I. The sensory organs responsible of hearing and balance have a common embryonic origin in the otic placode. Lineages of neural, sensory, and support cells are generated from common otic neuroepithelial progenitors. The sequential generation of the cell types that will form the adult inner ear requires the coordination of cell proliferation with cell differentiation programs, the strict regulation of cell survival, and the metabolic homeostasis of otic precursors. A network of intracellular signals operates to coordinate the transcriptional response to the extracellular input. Understanding the molecular clues that direct otic development is fundamental for the design of novel treatments for the protection and repair of hearing loss and balance disorders. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cisplatin and Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Hearing Loss and Its Prevention
Authors: Schacht Jochen , Talaska Andra E. , Rybak Leonard P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis review introduces the pathology of aminoglycoside antibiotic and the cisplatin chemotherapy classes of drugs, discusses oxidative stress in the inner ear as a primary trigger for cell damage, and delineates the ensuing cell death pathways. Among potentially ototoxic (damaging the inner ear) therapeutics, the platinum‐based anticancer drugs and the aminoglycoside antibiotics are of critical clinical importance. Both drugs cause sensorineural hearing loss in patients, a side effect that can be reproduced in experimental animals. Hearing loss is reflected primarily in damage to outer hair cells, beginning in the basal turn of the cochlea. In addition, aminoglycosides might affect the vestibular system while cisplatin seems to have a much lower likelihood to do so. Finally, based on an understanding the mechanisms of ototoxicity pharmaceutical ways of protection of the cochlea are presented. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Cochlear Implant: Historical Aspects and Future Prospects
Authors: Eshraghi Adrien A. , Nazarian Ronen , Telischi Fred F. , Rajguru Suhrud M. , Truy Eric , Gupta Chhavi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe cochlear implant (CI) is the first effective treatment for deafness and severe losses in hearing. As such, the CI is now widely regarded as one of the great advances in modern medicine. This article reviews the key events and discoveries that led up to the current CI systems, and we review and present some among the many possibilities for further improvements in device design and performance. The past achievements include: (1) development of reliable devices that can be used over the lifetime of a patient; (2) development of arrays of implanted electrodes that can stimulate more than one site in the cochlea; and (3) progressive and large improvements in sound processing strategies for CIs. In addition, cooperation between research organizations and companies greatly accelerated the widespread availability and use of safe and effective devices. Possibilities for the future include: (1) use of otoprotective drugs; (2) further improvements in electrode designs and placements; (3) further improvements in sound processing strategies; (4) use of stem cells to replace lost sensory hair cells and neural structures in the cochlea; (5) gene therapy; (6) further reductions in the trauma caused by insertions of electrodes and other manipulations during implant surgeries; and (7) optical rather electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Each of these possibilities is the subject of active research. Although great progress has been made to date in the development of the CI, including the first substantial restoration of a human sense, much more progress seems likely and certainly would not be a surprise. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute Damage Threshold for Infrared Neural Stimulation of the Cochlea: Functional and Histological Evaluation
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Rajguru Suhrud , Matic Agnella I. , Stock Stuart R. , Richter Claus‐Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article provides a mini review of the current state of infrared neural stimulation (INS), and new experimental results concerning INS damage thresholds. INS promises to be an attractive alternative for neural interfaces. With this method, one can attain spatially selective neural stimulation that is not possible with electrical stimulation. INS is based on the delivery of short laser pulses that result in a transient temperature increase in the tissue and depolarize the neurons. At a high stimulation rate and/or high pulse energy, the method bears the risk of thermal damage to the tissue from the instantaneous temperature increase or from potential accumulation of thermal energy. With the present study, we determined the injury thresholds in guinea pig cochleae for acute INS using functional measurements (compound action potentials) and histological evaluation. The selected laser parameters for INS were the wavelength (λ = 1,869 nm), the pulse duration (100 μs), the pulse repetition rate (250 Hz), and the radiant energy (0–127 μJ/pulse). For up to 5 hr of continuous irradiation at 250 Hz and at radiant energies up to 25 μJ/pulse, we did not observe any functional or histological damage in the cochlea. Functional loss was observed for energies above 25 μJ/pulse and the probability of injury to the target tissue resulting in functional loss increased with increasing radiant energy. Corresponding cochlear histology from control animals and animals exposed to 98 or 127 μJ/pulse at 250 Hz pulse repetition rate did not show a loss of spiral ganglion cells, hair cells, or other soft tissue structures of the organ of Corti. Light microscopy did not reveal any structural changes in the soft tissue either. Additionally, microcomputed tomography was used to visualize the placement of the optical fiber within the cochlea. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicasl, Inc.