bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater quality and people’s awareness – A case study in Hoang Tay commune, Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province
Authors: Hai N T , Vinh N T , Vigneswaran S , Ha N T H , Hoai T T , Tuan NQ 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, groundwater quality in Hoang Tay commune, Kim Bang districts, Ha Nam province was investigated. The results show that the groundwater in this area was highly polluted by arsenic (As), iron (Fe), ammonium (NH4
+), and coliform. Total As concentrations in the groundwater ranged from 0.06 to 0.178 mg/L. Although total As concentrations remarkably decreased after sand filtration (0.013-0.109 mg/L), As in the sand-filtered groundwater was still up to 10 times higher than the As safety limit (0.01 mg/L). In addition, the high concentration of Fe and the Fe/As ratio in Hoang Tay’s groundwater play a critical function in effectively removing As from groundwater. NH4
+ level in groundwater was also remarkably high (8.62–58.8 mg/L), which is roundly 28 to 196 times higher than the NH4
+ safety standard in Vietnam’s technical guideline on domestic water quality (QCVN 01:2018/BYT). The structured interview showed that most of interviewed people (69%) are aware of groundwater quality issues. However, due to the issues of tap water supply in the area, the majority of the households (78.3%) were still using groundwater for their drinking purposes and other daily activities. There is a high demand for safe water in this commune.
Impact of natural disaster on agriculture in Tuyen Hoa district, Quang Binh province.
Authors: Xuan Tu Doan , Hoang Son Nguyen , Dinh Cham Dao , Phuc Chi Lang Le , Huu Thinh Phan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climate change is a challenge for people whose livelihoods depend on agricultural production. In particular, the agricultural production activities of people in Tuyen Hoa district, Quang Binh province, were affected by natural disasters. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the natural disaster situation in Tuyen Hoa district by examining farmers’ awareness of potential climate and impacts on the crop and livestock sectors. Data related to climate change were provided by the authorities of Tuyen Hoa district communes and then analyzed in combination with local people’s perceptions using Excel software (2019). Quantitative data collected from semi-structured interviews through 241 farmer household surveys in Tuyen Hoa district was processed using computer software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 26) to calculate the potential impact index of natural disasters on agricultural production. Research results show that: (1) natural disasters (storms, tropical depressions, floods, droughts, Soil salinity) appear with high frequency, but landslides and flash floods have low frequency; (2) the risk of natural disasters impacting crop production is greater than livestock farming. Among them, storms, tropical depressions, floods, and droughts have a high impact. Landslides and flash floods have a low impact. (3) Communes located in the southeast of Tuyen Hoa district have a greater risk of natural disaster impacts than the remaining communes. This result will help local managers make appropriate adaptation measures for climate change and natural disasters locally.
Landscape Characters of Kampung Ciomas for Eco-edutourism
Authors: Kusumoarto A , Hidayat J T , Risnadewi N , Rejoni R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Kampung Ciomas has a natural physical environment. This condition has the potential to become a tourist destination with an eco-edutourism theme. This research aims to analyze the landscape character of Kampung Ciomas for eco-edutourism. Analysis was carried out using quantitative descriptive and qualitative descriptive methods. The research stages carried out were: 1) analyzing land cover, 2) analyzing slope, and 3) analyzing landscape character. The results of the analysis showed that there were 28 types of landscape character which were dominated by green open spaces on hill slopes. The landscape character protection required is the protection of green open space on sloping hills and moderate hills. Modifications of the landscape character required include the removal of several elements that are not in harmony with several buildings and ponds on sloping hillsides, stalls on sloping hills, emphasizing natural forms planned on green open space on medium hills, changes in natural form are planned for green open space on flat, undulating slopes and sloping hills, intensification is carried out on green open space on sloping hills and medium hills, intensive visual quality improvements are intensively planned for green open space on flat, undulating slopes, sloping hills and moderate hills, circulation paths on undulating slopes and sloping hills, BTS (Base Transceiver Station), WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant), parking lots on sloping hillsides, cemeteries and mosque on sloping hillsides. The impact of this research is providing alternative tourism in Bogor accordance environmental conditions and environmental utilization through conservation and education efforts.
The Spatial Analysis of Traditional Rice Terrace Villages in Bali, Indonesia and Ifugao, Philippines Using a Syntactic Approach
Authors: Go C H C , Nadal C D S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Villages, characterized by rice terraces (RT) and traditional settlements, are cultural landscape heritage that necessitates conservation. These spaces play a crucial role in maintaining environmental, historical, economic values and fostering identify formation and evolution of communities. As such, this research, designed as a comparative study, investigated the spatial characteristics and arrangement of traditional rice terrace (RT) villages in Indonesia and the Philippines, focusing on Tegallalang and Batad. Employing a syntactic approach and Lynch’s imageability framework, the study analyzed paths, edges, districts, and landmarks to assess RT villages. Data integration included GIS analysis, semi-structured interviews, field visits, and literature reviews. Findings revealed distinct spatial features influenced by individual history and sociocultural context, emphasizing the interplay between geography, culture, and village structure. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of village layout on broader aspects such as tourism dynamics and economic activities. Insights from Tegallalang and Batad inform strategies for cultural heritage conservation, community empowerment, and environmental sustainability in village settings. Ultimately, this research contributes to understanding rural communities and their landscape dynamics, informing village planning for long-term sustainability.
Towards Greener Airports: Landscape of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on RSV-P (Road Speed Bump’s Vibration Power Plant)
Authors: Raharjo E P , Dwipayana A D , Sulistyo A B , Ahmad R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One potential that can be implemented at Ngurah Rai International Airport considering the number of passengers, parking capacity, and the implementation of Bali Governor Regulation No. 45 of 2019 concerning Clean Energy Bali and Bali Governor Regulation No. 48 of 2019 concerning the use of Battery-Based Electric Vehicles (BEVs), is the landscape of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations based on RSV-P (Road Speed Bump’s Vibration Power Plant). This research focuses on the landscape of a charging station based on RSV-P. This research activity was carried out by the authors using literacy study data collection techniques, field studies and sources of information using secondary data. The landscape is designed to incorporate local wisdom and cultural aspects of the Balinese community, making designs by simulating calculations based on previous research results, calculating the position of speed bumps, batteries storage, charging stations include solar panels, parking areas according to conditions at domestic terminals and considering the average influx of about 300 to 500 four-wheelers and six-wheelers (buses) every day RSV-P can be applied as an initial study for the management of Ngurah Rai Int Airport. The impact of this research is to provide a study option for implementing green energy towards a green airport, by prioritizing green energy initiatives at Ngurah Rai Int airport, we are not only investing in environmental sustainability, but also in a more efficient, innovative, and competitive airport future.
Possible influence of the large-scale environment on extreme waves over the Yellow Sea in boreal spring
Authors: Kim Hye-Ji , Lee Dong Eun , Yoo Jeseon , Baek Haedo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Yellow Sea (YS) is exposed to various weather systems, such as typhoons, monsoon activities, and extratropical cyclones, which can pose a major threat to the adjacent coastal regions through the development of energetic oceanic surface waves. Unusually severe surface wave events in the YS occur with considerable frequency during the boreal spring (March-April-May), but have received less attention compared to winter and summer. This study focuses on the characteristics of spring extreme wave height (EWH) events in the YS during 1979-2022, based on observational and long-term reanalysis datasets. Our analysis shows that extreme waves, i.e. daily maximum heights in the top 5% of all spring days, take about 12 h to build up to the peaks, while they decay more slowly after the peaks. During the extreme events, the Siberian High is found to extend anomalously eastward compared to spring climatology. Such an anomalous extension contributes to the increase of the sea level pressure gradient and the intensification of the surface wind speed in the YS. Meanwhile, in the range of 6 ∼ 24 h following the peaks of the EWH events in the YS, swells induced by strong northerly winds begin to have an impact in the YS. These swells contribute to maintaining higher wave energy levels in the YS for longer after the atmospheric source has been removed. We further explore the large-scale environmental conditions that could provide the predictability of extreme waves in the basin developed by these findings. This study presents implications for assessing the risks associated with extreme waves in coastal regions and for improving coastal management strategies in the YS.
Preliminaries
Authors: Lenman James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This book’s core concern will be to argue that without having to embrace the questionable metaphysical commitments of robust normative realism or libertarian free will we can make sense of the possibility of a moral community: a community of rational creatures, living lives together regulated by shared normative standards and understandings that shape their expectations of each other and holding each other responsible for their actions in the light of those shared standards and understandings. We can imagine this moreover without supposing the people who comprise this community to commit any errors, believe any fictions, live any lies, or be subject to any illusions. In my central metaethical argument I shall seek to make sense of our normative thought in a way rooted in our culture and the passions in our souls, a way that avoids the dubious metaphysical claims of robust normative realism without giving way to any kind of normative or moral scepticism.
Impassioned Interpretations
Authors: Lenman James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The communitarian form of constructive expressivism defended here demystifies intuitions and explains why they matter. Intuitions are impassioned interpretations. They express our engaged understanding of our inheritance of shared normative understandings. This view can avoid both a stifling and uncritical conventionalism and the crude voluntarism that understands moral judgements as mere personal emotional sounding off. Moral judgements must be engaged with the Big Important Thing We Share, our shared normative inheritance but they must also be the emotionally plugged in judgements of participants. This view allows us to tame concerns about relativism and also defuse Andy Egan’s ‘smugness’ objection to expressivism. There are indeed, on this view, limits to our fallibility but they consist in its licensing our confidence that our shared values and commitments are not wildly and radically wrong and confidence of that kind is not smugness and is not a vice.
Introduction
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tutorial discussions with undergraduate pupils at Oxford generated the ideas presented in these nine essays. Attention is turned away from the history of events, to focus on the fundamental structural features of Byzantium. The relatively few useful sources are subjected to the closest possible scrutiny. Key developments in economic, social, and institutional history are placed in context, first in the formative era of war in the seventh and eighth centuries, second in the era of revival which began in the ninth century. Two essays (Chapter 2 on militarization in the seventh and eighth centuries, and Chapter 7 on law making in the tenth century) have been specially written for this volume. The remaining seven have been thoroughly revised and updated since their original publication. The overriding aim is to bring out the peculiar character of Byzantium, a vestige of the ancient world, which had to adapt to early medieval circumstances.
Goods and Services Tax in India
Authors: Srivastava D K , Bharadwaj Muralikrishna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In India, GST was introduced comparatively later than in many other countries. Part of the reason for this was India’s complex federal fiscal arrangement and its existing indirect tax system. After much deliberation and consultation with the stakeholders, GST was eventually introduced with effect from 1 July 2017. In contrast to the preference for a two- or three-rate GST structure, India started with a five-rate structure. The initial years of the implementation of GST showed its revenue inadequacy, continued tax evasion, and high compliance burden, and continuation of the inverted duty structure. India’s GST needs important additional reforms before it can fulfil its expectations of having a positive impact on efficiency and growth.
Severity-dependent test-seeking behaviors and test-negative designs: impact on estimated vaccine effectiveness and utility of analytic and design choices
Authors: Amin Avnika B , Hitchings Matt D T , Ranzani Otavio T , Andrews Jason R , Cummings Derek A T , Ko Albert I , Croda Julio , Dean Natalie E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Test-negative designs are increasingly used to evaluate vaccine effectiveness because of desirable properties like reduced confounding due to health care–seeking behaviors and lower cost than other study designs. An individual’s decision to seek care often depends on their disease severity, with severe disease more likely to be captured than mild disease. As many vaccines likely attenuate disease severity, this phenomenon generally results in an upward-biased estimate of vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic disease. To address the resulting bias, analytic solutions like adjusting for or matching on severity have been suggested. In this article, we examine the performance of the test-negative design under different vaccine effects on disease severity and the utility of adjusting or matching on severity. We further consider the implications of studies that focus only on milder disease by restricting recruitment to outpatient settings. Through an analytic framework and simulations accompanied by a real-world example, we demonstrate that when vaccination attenuates disease severity, the magnitude of bias is influenced by the degree of underascertainment of mild disease relative to severe disease. When vaccination does not attenuate disease severity, bias is not present. We further show that analytic fixes negligibly impact bias and that outpatient-only studies frequently produce downward-biased estimates.
NST3 induces ectopic transdifferentiation, forming secondary walls with diverse patterns and composition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tamadaddi Chetana , Choi Juseok , Ghasemi Masoud , Kim Seong H , Gomez Enrique D , Gomez Esther W , Anderson Charles T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The master transcription factor NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR3 (NST3), also known as SND1, plays a pivotal role in regulating secondary cell wall (SCW) development in interfascicular and xylary fibres in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite progress in understanding SCW assembly in xylem vessel-like cells, the mechanisms behind its assembly across different cell types remain unclear. Overexpression of NST3 or its homologue NST1 leads to reduced fertility, posing challenges for studying their impact on secondary wall formation. This study aimed to develop a tightly regulated dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible expression system for NST3 and NST1 to elucidate the structure and assembly of diverse SCWs.

Methods
Using the DEX-inducible system, we characterized ectopically formed SCWs for their diverse patterns, mesoscale organization, cellulose microfibril orientation and molecular composition using spinning disc confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, and histochemical staining and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively.

Key Results
Upon DEX treatment, NST3 and NST1 transgenic hypocotyls underwent time-dependent transdifferentiation, progressing from protoxylem-like to metaxylem-like cells. NST3-induced plants exhibited normal growth but had rough secondary wall surfaces with delaminating S2 and S3 layers. Mesoscale examination of induced SCWs in epidermal cells revealed that macrofibril thickness and orientation were comparable to xylem vessels, while wall thickness resembled that of interfascicular fibres. Additionally, induced epidermal cells formed SCWs with altered cellulose and lignin contents.

Conclusions
These findings suggest NST3 and/or NST1 induce SCWs with shared characteristics of both xylem and fibre-like cells forming loosely arranged cell wall layers and cellulose organized at multiple angles relative to the cell growth axis and with varied cellulose and lignin abundance. This inducible system opens avenues to explore ectopic SCWs for bioenergy and bioproducts, offering valuable insights into SCW patterning across diverse cell types and developmental stages.
Deep5hmC: predicting genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine landscape via a multimodal deep learning model
Authors: Ma Xin , Thela Sai Ritesh , Zhao Fengdi , Yao Bing , Wen Zhexing , Jin Peng , Zhao Jinying , Chen Li 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMotivation5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a crucial epigenetic mark with a significant role in regulating tissue-specific gene expression, is essential for understanding the dynamic functions of the human genome. Despite its importance, predicting 5hmC modification across the genome remains a challenging task, especially when considering the complex interplay between DNA sequences and various epigenetic factors such as histone modifications and chromatin accessibility.ResultsUsing tissue-specific 5hmC sequencing data, we introduce Deep5hmC, a multimodal deep learning framework that integrates both the DNA sequence and epigenetic features such as histone modification and chromatin accessibility to predict genome-wide 5hmC modification. The multimodal design of Deep5hmC demonstrates remarkable improvement in predicting both qualitative and quantitative 5hmC modification compared to unimodal versions of Deep5hmC and state-of-the-art machine learning methods. This improvement is demonstrated through benchmarking on a comprehensive set of 5hmC sequencing data collected at four developmental stages during forebrain organoid development and across 17 human tissues. Compared to DeepSEA and random forest, Deep5hmC achieves close to 4% and 17% improvement of Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) across four forebrain developmental stages, and 6% and 27% across 17 human tissues for predicting binary 5hmC modification sites; and 8% and 22% improvement of Spearman correlation coefficient across four forebrain developmental stages, and 17% and 30% across 17 human tissues for predicting continuous 5hmC modification. Notably, Deep5hmC showcases its practical utility by accurately predicting gene expression and identifying differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) in a case–control study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Deep5hmC significantly improves our understanding of tissue-specific gene regulation and facilitates the development of new biomarkers for complex diseases.Availability and implementationDeep5hmC is available via https://github.com/lichen-lab/Deep5hmC
New phenotyping questionnaire for diagnosing sarcoidosis-associated small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Raasing Lisette R M , Vogels Oscar J M , Datema Mirjam , Ambarus Carmen A , Tannemaat Martijn R , Grutters Jan C , Veltkamp Marcel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy is a common complication in patients with sarcoidosis and its prevalence is estimated at 40–86%. The underlying mechanism influences the presentation of small fiber neuropathy. For example, patients with metabolic diseases are often associated with a classic length-dependent small fiber neuropathy pattern, while patients with inflammatory diseases are more often present with a non-length-dependent small fiber neuropathy. Detailed phenotyping may be useful to improve diagnostic efficiency, as a clue to underlying mechanisms and as a precondition for personalized medicine. This study examined four phenotypes distinguishing between length-dependent and non-length-dependent presentation with a new subdivision for continuous and intermittent presentation. Forty-eight sarcoid patients with symptoms and at least two clinical signs of small fiber neuropathy and normal nerve conduction studies were classified as having probable small fiber neuropathy. A new small fiber neuropathy phenotyping questionnaire has been developed that allows patients to mark the anatomical locations of pain at three different levels: the skin, muscles, and joints. The location of symptoms was used to define length dependence, and two colors were used to distinguish continuous (red) from intermittent (blue) symptoms. In addition, skin biopsy, corneal confocal microscopy, Sudoscan and water immersion skin wrinkling were used to investigate a correlation between the four phenotypes, sensory function, nerve fiber density, and autonomic nerve function. Overall, 35% of patients with probable small fiber neuropathy showed length-dependent symptoms and 44% showed non-length-dependent symptoms while 21% suffered from non-neuropathic musculoskeletal pain. The distinction between intermittent and continuous symptoms showed significantly less continuous than intermittent non-length-dependent symptoms (odds ratio = 0.3, P = 0.01). Moreover, continuous length-dependent symptoms were the only phenotype that correlated with thermal threshold testing (R = 0.3; P = 0.02) and the small fiber neuropathy screening list (R = 0.3; P = 0.03). In addition, thermal threshold testing (TTT) also correlated with the small fiber neuropathy (SFN) screening list (R = 0.3; P = 0.03). Other diagnostic methods showed no correlation with any of the four defined phenotypes. A novel finding is that TTT is only associated with continuous length-dependent pain, suggesting that TTT could result in more false negatives in patients with other pain phenotypes. Determining the pathophysiologic mechanisms could help develop new diagnostic methods. If patients suspected of SFN show symptoms without a length-dependent continuous presentation, the diagnosis should focus less on the diagnostic methods used.