bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid rebound in colony number of an over‐hunted population of Eurasian beaver Castor fiber
Authors: Parker Howard , Rosell Frank 
Published: October 2014

The current reestablishment and growth of beaver Castor fiber populations throughout Eurasia has created a need for methods to control population size. While lethal‐trapping has been the most common harvest and control method for beaver world‐wide for centuries, in recent decades spring hunting has developed as the main lethal method in Norway, Sweden and Finland. An experimental hunt where hunters annually removed 22–26% (mean = 24%) of the estimated spring population of beavers on 242 km2 in southeast Norway led to an unanticipated 46% decline in colony number after only three years. We monitored the population response in colony number throughout the ensuing four years of no hunting during which time the number of colonies rebounded by 93%. The rapid increase in colony number suggested a high rate of dispersal to vacated colony sites by animals from unexploited colonies within the study area (approximately half were unexploited each year) and from bordering townships where harvest was light at the time. Increased fecundity usually follows in the wake of a significant reduction in the density of mammal populations and most likely contributed to the rapid rebound in colony number observed. We conclude that spring hunting can be employed to significantly reduce population size when desired and that over‐exploited populations may rebound quickly after hunting stops when dispersing individuals are in adequate supply from colonies both within and outside the harvested area.
The foundations of the theory of entrepreneurship in austrian economics – Menger and Böhm-Bawerk on the entrepreneur
Authors: Campagnolo Gilles , Vivel Christel 
Published: October 2014

Les pères de l’école connue sous le nom d’ « École autrichienne d’économie », Carl Menger (1840-1921) et son premier disciple Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851-1914), ont analysé les pratiques d’affaires et la nature des activités de l’entrepreneur au-delà de ce qui se faisait en leur temps au sein de l’école historique allemande. Ont-ils pour autant déjà donné une « théorie de l’entrepreneur » en tant que telle, et le pouvaient-ils ? Toujours est-il qu’émergent dans leurs œuvres les éléments d’analyse d’un intérêt neuf pour des aspects de l’entreprise et la nature du système de production capitaliste dont l’impact allait se faire sentir de la société de leurs contemporains et chez leurs héritiers (comme Israel Kirzner) jusqu’à nos jours.
L'entreprise fait-elle partie de la structure de base rawlsienne ?
Authors: Blanc Sandrine 
Published: October 2014

Cet article clarifie le statut de l’entreprise par rapport à la structure de base rawlsienne. Ce statut est ambigu, du fait d’incertitudes liées à la conception rawlsienne de l’entreprise ainsi qu’à sa définition de la structure de base. L’article identifie deux représentations principales de l’entreprise chez Rawls : l’une inclusiviste, qui définit l’entreprise comme une entité ontologiquement distincte de la structure de base ; l’autre constitutiviste, qui l’appréhende comme une institution susceptible d’appartenir à la structure de base. L’article recense ensuite différentes interprétations de la structure de base avant d’en proposer une plus large, y intégrant notamment certaines structures informelles. Articulée à la conception institutionnaliste de l’entreprise, cette définition large de la structure de base débouche sur une représentation constitutiviste étendue de l’entreprise, permettant ainsi au libéralisme égalitaire de considérer cette dernière d’un œil plus critique.
Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Pelonides Kuwert (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Enopliinae)
Authors: Opitz Weston 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe genus Pelonides Kuwert (Coleoptera: Cleridae) is revised to include six species as follows: P. floripennis Opitz, new species, P. granulatipennis (Schaeffer), P. humeralis (Horn), P. quadrinotata (Haldeman), P. quadripunctata (Say), and P. scabripennis (LeConte). Pelonides species are presumed predators of lignicolous and anthophilous prey species. It is hypothesised that the sister group of Pelonides is Parapelonides Barr, and that ancestral Pelonides diversified on ancient terrain known as the Mexican/Mayan block. Lectotypes were designated for P. granulatipennis (Schaeffer) and P. quadripunctata (Say). Pelonides similis Knull is synonymised with P. humeralis (Horn). Fifteen characters were evaluated phylogenetically and analysed with WINCLADA, in combination with NONA, which generated two fully resolved trees. This treatise also includes a key to Pelonides species, a summary of natural history, 24 line drawings, four electron micrographs, 24 habitus illustrations, and three distribution maps.
Interruption of Macrophage-Derived IL-27(p28) Production by IL-10 during Sepsis Requires STAT3 but Not SOCS3
Authors: Bosmann Markus , Russkamp Norman F. , Strobl Birgit , Roewe Julian , Balouzian Liza , Pache Florence , Radsak Markus P. , van Rooijen Nico , Zetoune Firas S. , Sarma J. Vidya , Núñez Gabriel , Müller Mathias , Murray Peter J. , Ward Peter A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Severe sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Infection-associated inflammation promotes the development and progression of adverse outcomes in sepsis. The effects of heterodimeric IL-27 (p28/EBI3) have been implicated in the natural course of sepsis, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression and release of IL-27 in sepsis are poorly understood. We studied the events regulating the p28 subunit of IL-27 in endotoxic shock and polymicrobial sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture. Neutralizing Abs to IL-27(p28) improved survival rates, restricted cytokine release, and reduced bacterial burden in C57BL/6 mice during sepsis. Genetic disruption of IL-27 signaling enhanced the respiratory burst of macrophages. Experiments using splenectomized mice or treatment with clodronate liposomes suggested that macrophages in the spleen may be a significant source of IL-27(p28) during sepsis. In cultures of TLR4-activated macrophages, the frequency of F4/80+CD11b+IL-27(p28)+ cells was reduced by the addition of IL-10. IL-10 antagonized both MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent release of IL-27(p28). Genetic deletion of STAT3 in Tie2-Cre/STAT3flox macrophages completely interrupted the inhibition of IL-27(p28) by IL-10 after TLR4 activation. In contrast, IL-10 remained fully active to suppress IL-27(p28) with deletion of SOCS3 in Tie2-Cre/SOCS3flox macrophages. Blockade of IL-10R by Ab or genetic deficiency of IL-10 resulted in 3–5-fold higher concentrations of IL-27(p28) in endotoxic shock and polymicrobial sepsis. Our studies identify IL-10 as a critical suppressing factor for IL-27(p28) production during infection-associated inflammation. These findings may be helpful for a beneficial manipulation of adverse IL-27(p28) release during sepsis.
Epitope Specificity Delimits the Functional Capabilities of Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cell Populations
Authors: Hill Brenna J. , Darrah Patricia A. , Ende Zachary , Ambrozak David R. , Quinn Kylie M. , Darko Sam , Gostick Emma , Wooldridge Linda , van den Berg Hugo A. , Venturi Vanessa , Larsen Martin , Davenport Miles P. , Seder Robert A. , Price David A. , Douek Daniel C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Despite progress toward understanding the correlates of protective T cell immunity in HIV infection, the optimal approach to Ag delivery by vaccination remains uncertain. We characterized two immunodominant CD8 T cell populations generated in response to immunization of BALB/c mice with a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing the HIV-derived Gag and Pol proteins at equivalent levels. The Gag-AI9/H-2Kd epitope elicited high-avidity CD8 T cell populations with architecturally diverse clonotypic repertoires that displayed potent lytic activity in vivo. In contrast, the Pol-LI9/H-2Dd epitope elicited motif-constrained CD8 T cell repertoires that displayed lower levels of physical avidity and lytic activity despite equivalent measures of overall clonality. Although low-dose vaccination enhanced the functional profiles of both epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations, greater polyfunctionality was apparent within the Pol-LI9/H-2Dd specificity. Higher proportions of central memory-like cells were present after low-dose vaccination and at later time points. However, there were no noteworthy phenotypic differences between epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations across vaccine doses or time points. Collectively, these data indicate that the functional and phenotypic properties of vaccine-induced CD8 T cell populations are sensitive to dose manipulation, yet constrained by epitope specificity in a clonotype-dependent manner.
Reply to the Commentary on "Granular discharge rate for submerged hoppers"
Authors: Wilson T. J. , Pfeifer C. R. , Meysingier N. , Durian D. J. 
Published: October 2014

A Reply to the Commentary by L. Staron [Pap. Phys. 6, 060010 (20014)]. Received: 16 October 2014, Accepted: 16 October 2014; Edited by: L. A. Pugnaloni; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060011Cite as: T J Wilson, C R Pfeifer, N Meysingier, D J Durian, Papers in Physics 6, 060011 (2014)
Eye-Tracking Film Music
Authors: Mera Miguel , Stumpf Simone 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Abstract. Film music scholars, composers, directors, and audiences have always implicitly believed that music can help determine the focus of an audience’s visual attention, but researchers have not as yet been able to prove this empirically. Eyetracking research—the process of measuring either the point of gaze or the motion of the eyes—has grown exponentially in recent years. This paper reports on a foundational, empirical eye-tracking study that examined the effects of contextual musical attributes on visual attention, emotion, and user experience during exploration tasks in moving images. Our results show that music is able to direct how we see by quickly switching attention to target foci as well as lengthening fixations, and that music can also encourage exploration of visual scenes outside targets. Our work contributes the first step in understanding how music shapes visual attention using eye-tracking techniques. We encourage wider adoption of this approach, given its potential to enhance understanding of the complex processes of audiovisual perception in action.
David Lynch at the Crossroads: Deconstructing Rock, Reconstructing Wild at Heart
Authors: Miley Mike 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Abstract. This paper examines the use of rock music in David Lynch’s Wild at Heart (1990) to challenge the film’s reputation as a vapid mess of postmodern irony and show how the film’s references to rock ’n’ roll forms, iconography, and history assert a Romantic conception of art as a generative force in the American spirit.
Internationale politiële openbareordehandhaving in Benelux-verband: relevante wetgeving en praktische toepassing
Authors: van Gelderen Benjamin R. 
Published: October 2014

International police public order enforcement in the Benelux: relevant legislation and practical application
Police agencies in Europe operate outside their domestic territory more and more often. Within the European Union, special attention is focused on the exchange of information and on countering organized crime. However, international public order enforcement receives less attention. The present article highlights the relevant legislation and practical opportunities applicable to public order enforcement in the cooperation between the Dutch and Belgium police force. In addition, the use of force and the principle of sovereignty are debated. Finally, recommendations will be given in order to improve future cooperation within the field of international public order enforcement in the Benelux.
Training Diamant
Authors: Bovenkerk Frank 
Published: October 2014

Training Diamant: a personal impression
This is an ethnographic evaluation study on a train the trainer programme (Diamant) for the prevention of political radicalisation among young Muslims in the Netherlands. Especially the training of independent judgement on moral issues looks promising to overcome cultural disorientation. Its preventive power for radicalisation is unclear since there were no radicals among the participants of the training.
Antiradicaliseringsbeleid: de dingen goed doen of de goede dingen doen?
Authors: Gielen Amy-Jane , van Wonderen Ron 
Published: October 2014

Countering radicalisation: doing things right or doing the right things?
In 2011 we executed a quantitative and qualitative research on the extent of discrimination, polarisation and radicalisation in a region in the Netherlands. The results are representative for The Netherlands. The research shows that there is breeding ground for radicalization, in particular Muslim youths. The outcome also provides insights in relevant avenues for public policy. Over the past years, several inventories have been made of public policy that aims to counter radicalisation. Most of the interventions listed do not conjure with the interventions we propose on the basis of our research, such as awareness raising for practitioners, prevention of and education about discrimination, focus on neighbourhood grievances and nuisances caused by specific ethnic groups and the negative tone of the public debate regarding Islam and the multicultural society. If measures to counter radicalization are even evaluated, they tend to focus on the process and effectiveness of the intervention, but they do not answer the question if that is actually also the right intervention. We therefore propose not only to focus on doing things right, but also to ask the question if we are doing the right things. We suggest not only measuring effectiveness, but also measuring impact.
The contribution of reduction in evaporative cooling to higher surface air temperatures during drought
Authors: Yin Dongqin , Roderick Michael L. , Leech Guy , Sun Fubao , Huang Yuefei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHigher temperatures are usually reported during meteorological drought and there are two prevailing interpretations for this observation. The first is that the increase in temperature (T) causes an increase in evaporation (E) that dries the environment. The second states that the decline in precipitation (P) during drought reduces the available water thereby decreasing E, and in turn the consequent reduction in evaporative cooling causes higher T. To test which of these interpretations is correct, we use climatic data (T, P) and a recently released database (CERES) that includes incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave surface radiative fluxes to study meteorological drought at four sites (parts of Australia, US, and Brazil), using the Budyko approximation to calculate E. The results support the second interpretation at arid sites. The analysis also showed that increases in T due to drought have a different radiative signature from increases in T due to elevated CO2.
Supersaturation and diffusional droplet growth in liquid clouds: Polydisperse spectra
Authors: Pinsky M. , Mazin I. P. , Korolev A. , Khain A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEvolution of droplet size distribution (DSD) due to the water vapor diffusion in a vertically moving adiabatic parcels is investigated. Analytical expressions for height dependences of the main DSD parameters and DSD moments are obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the DSD parameters at large heights above cloud base is determined. It is shown that during diffusion growth, the width and the relative dispersion of the DSD decrease with height as z− 1/3 and z− 2/3, respectively. The paper presents examples of DSD evolution in cases DSD forms on aerosols with a three‐mode lognormal distribution. The aerosol distribution parameters used in the study correspond to four aerosol types: “Marine,” “Clean continental,” “Background,” and extremely polluted “Urban.” The vertical profiles of DSD parameters are compared with the asymptotic profiles. It is shown that in case of polydisperse DSD evolution, the vertical profile of supersaturation within several hundred meters above the cloud base can be approximated by a supersaturation profile corresponding to the “equivalent” monodisperse DSD. The initial radius of this equivalent DSD is equal to the mean radius of polydisperse DSD (haze size distribution) at cloud base, which is estimated using the Kohler theory. This result of the relation between the polydisperse and monodisperse solutions is universal. A new equation for estimation of supersaturation maximum for polydisperse case is obtained. The obtained analytical expressions and numerical results are useful for understanding the mechanisms of DSD formation in clouds and for parameterization of warm microphysical processes in cloud models.
Overview of Digital Electrophoresis Analysis
Authors: Moomaw Butch , Medberry Scott , Gallagher Sean R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDigital imaging is the method of choice for documentation and analysis of electrophoretic separations of protein and DNA. Digital images of gel electropherograms can be obtained rapidly using CCD‐based cameras, and the images can be easily archived and analyzed using image analysis software. This overview defines important key terms and calculations for imaging, explains the capture process, reviews the range of CCD technologies used for image capture, and provides an introduction to the software and methods used for one‐ and two‐dimensional digital image analysis. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrospun polystyrene coatings with tunable wettability
Authors: Ghochaghi Negar , Taiwo Adetoun , Winkel Matthew , Dodd Brandon , Mossi Karla , Tepper Gary 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTHydrophobic materials with tunable wettability were developed by electrospinning aligned polystyrene (PS) fibers onto the surface of a unimorph composite piezoelectric substrate. An electric field was used to modify the curvature of the substrate resulting in a corresponding change in the morphology of the electrospun coating. Contact angle measurements were performed on droplets deposited onto the surface before and after application of the electric field. The water droplet contact angle was observed to change in response to the applied voltage. Contact angle measurements were performed as a function of surface fiber density and suggest that the change in contact angle is caused by a transition from Wenzel to Cassie–Baxter wetting. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41592.
Assessment of ball milling methodology to develop polylactide‐bacterial cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites
Authors: Ambrosio‐Martín Jesús , Lopez‐Rubio Amparo , Fabra María José , Gorrasi Giuliana , Pantani Roberto , Lagaron Jose María 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn this work, ball milling is evaluated as a methodology to develop polylactide (PLA)‐bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) nanocomposites. This technique, widely used for clay‐based nanocomposites, is effective in breaking up to a very large extent the freeze‐dried nanocellulose aggregates, giving raise to transparent films similar to the neat PLA films. Incorporation of the nanofiller through this methodology enhances the polymer crystallinity index. An increase in the onset degradation temperature and a significant reinforcing effect in terms of an increase in the storage modulus and in the tan delta peak are also observed. Improved barrier to oxygen at high relative humidity (80%) is also noticed, reaching the best performance at the lowest BCNC loading (0.5 wt %). These improvements are related to the relatively good nanocellulose dispersion and distribution attained for low loadings of the nanofiller. Thus, the ball milling methodology appears as a feasible processing methodology for developing PLA‐BCNC nanocomposites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41605.
Improving the Time Resolution for Remote Control of Enzyme Activity by a Nanosecond Laser‐Induced pH Jump
Authors: Kohse Stefanie , Neubauer Antje , Lochbrunner Stefan , Kragl Udo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractApplication of light as a trigger for remote control of enzyme activation offers high temporal and spatial resolution. A known enzymatic system based on an acid phosphatase and 6‐chloro‐8‐fluoro‐4‐methylumbelliferone phosphate as substrate is employed to study different strategies for improving the time resolution of enzyme activation by a light‐induced pH jump. Hence, a single laser pulse excitation with a pulse duration of 6 ns resulted in a 4‐fold enzyme activation by instantaneous proton release through the rearrangement of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde. The time resolution of the activation experiment is now limited only by the detection system, no longer by the excitation step. In addition, halogenated 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes are tested for their suitability as phototriggers and a detailed study of the pH‐dependent kinetics of the enzymatic reaction is performed, which reveals that the substrate can probably only bind to the enzyme in its monoanionic form.
Light‐Harvesting Three‐Chromophore Systems Based on Biphenyl‐Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica
Authors: Grösch Lyubov , Lee Young Joo , Hoffmann Frank , Fröba Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree‐chromophore systems with light‐harvesting behavior were prepared, which are based on periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with crystal‐like ordered structure. The organic bridges of biphenyl‐PMO in the pore walls act as donors and two types of dye are incorporated in the one‐dimensional channels. Consecutive two‐step‐Förster resonance energy transfer is observed from the biphenyl moieties to mediators (diethyl‐aminocoumarin or aminoacridone), followed by energy transfer from mediators to acceptors (dibenzothiacarbocyanine, indodicarbocyanine, sulforhodamine G). High energy‐transfer efficiencies ranging from 70 to 80 % are obtained for two‐step‐FRET, indicating that the mesochannel structure with one‐dimensional ordering provides spatial arrangement of chromophore pairs for an efficient direct energy transfer. The emission wavelength can be tuned by a choice of acceptor dye: 477 nm (diethylaminocoumarin), 519 nm (aminoacridone), 567 nm (sulforhodamine G), 630 nm (dibenzothiacarbocyanine), and 692 nm (indodicarbocyanine).
Oligotriarylamines with a Pyrene Core: A Multicenter Strategy for Enhancing Radical Cation and Dication Stability and Tuning Spin Distribution
Authors: Nie Hai‐Jing , Yao Chang‐Jiang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Yao Jiannian , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMonoamine 1, diamines 2–4, triamine 5, and tetraamine 6 have been synthesized by substituting dianisylamino groups at the 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, and/or 8‐positions of pyrene. Diamines 2–4 differ in the positions of the amine substituents. No pyrene–pyrene interactions are evident in the single‐crystal packing of 3, 4, and 6. With increasing numbers of amine substituents, the first oxidation potential decreases progressively from the mono‐ to the tetraamine. These compounds show intense charge‐transfer (CT) emission in CH2Cl2 at around 530 nm with quantum yields of 48–68 %. Upon stepwise oxidation by electrolysis or chemical oxidation, these compounds were transformed into radical cations 1⋅+–6⋅+ and dications 22+–62+, which feature strong visible and near‐infrared absorptions. Time‐dependent density functional theory studies suggested the presence of localized transitions from the pyrene radical cation and aminium radical cation, intervalence CT, and CT between the pyrene and amine moieties. Spectroscopic studies indicated that these radical cations and dications have good stability. Triamine 5 and tetraamine 6 formed efficient CT complexes with tetracyanoquinodimethane in solution. The results of EPR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations suggested that the dications 22+–42+ have a triplet ground state, whereas 52+ and 62+ have a singlet ground state. The dication of 1,3‐disubstituted diamine 4 exhibits a strong EPR signal.