bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation and Management of a Threatened Traditional Agroresource, Ylang‐Ylang, in the Indian Ocean Islands
Authors: Benini Céline , Mahy Grégory , Jacquemin Jean‐Marie , Fauconnier Marie‐Laure , du Jardin Patrick , Bizoux Jean‐Philippe 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTo handle future economic, social, and environmental changes, the assessment, management, and conservation of the local genetic resources of cash crop species is a fundamental requirement. We investigated the pattern of genetic and morphological diversity of ylang‐ylang [Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook f. and Thomson forma genuina], an important essential oil tree in the introduction area of the western Indian Ocean islands. We sought to identify key elements for developing a conservation and management strategy for ylang‐ylang genetic resources. Genetic and morphological variations were assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphism and morphometrics traits. Information about farmers’ practices was collected. The existence of substantial total genetic diversity (HT = 0.2599) and the grouping of plantations into different genetic groups suggest a series of introduction events in the area, with limited exchanges of genetic material within and between islands. The morphological study revealed high phenotypic variability despite similar agronomical practices. The morphological and genetic variability might have been created and maintained without any planned management. This has determined the genetic structuring in the area (11.74% genetic variation among islands and 20.68% among plantations). On‐farm preservation and the maintenance of the current management practices are recommended. Ex situ conservation efforts should also be undertaken if economically affordable.
Genomic Selection using Multiple Populations
Authors: Schulz‐Streeck T. , Ogutu J. O. , Karaman Z. , Knaak C. , Piepho H. P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUsing different populations in genomic selection raises the possibility of marker effects varying across populations. However, common models for genomic selection only account for the main marker effects, assuming that they are consistent across populations. We present an approach in which the main plus population‐specific marker effects are simultaneously estimated in a single mixed model. Cross‐validation is used to compare the predictive ability of this model to that of the ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR‐BLUP) method involving only either the main marker effects or the population‐specific marker effects. We used a maize (Zea mays L.) data set with 312 genotypes derived from five biparental populations, which were genotyped with 39,339 markers. A combined analysis incorporating genotypes for all the populations and hence using a larger training set was better than separate analyses for each population. Modeling the main plus the population‐specific marker effects simultaneously improved predictive ability only slightly compared with modeling only the main marker effects. The performance of the RR‐BLUP method was comparable to that of two regularization methods, namely the ridge regression and the elastic net, and was more accurate than that of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Overall, combining information from related populations and increasing the number of genotypes improved predictive ability, but further allowing for population‐specific marker effects made minor improvement.
Comparative Mapping Suggests Repeated Selection of the Same Quantitative Trait Locus for High Leaf Photosynthesis Rate in Rice High‐Yield Breeding Programs
Authors: Takai Toshiyuki , Arai‐Sanoh Yumiko , Iwasawa Norio , Hayashi Takeshi , Yoshinaga Satoshi , Kondo Motohiko 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa L.) yield is determined by the relationship between sink, source, and plant architecture. ‘Takanari’, a high‐yielding rice variety descended from ‘IR8’ and ‘Tongil’, shows a semidwarf plant stature and has a large sink size and high photosynthesis rate. Previous studies have revealed that alleles of semi‐dwarf1 (sd1) and GRAIN NUMBER1A (GN1A), which confer a semidwarf plant type and large panicles, respectively, have been selected repeatedly in breeding programs during the process of breeding for high yield. Until now, however, no genetic factors related to photosynthesis have been identified as having been selected in breeding programs. In this study, we conducted comparative mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for photosynthesis‐related traits using three F2 populations: ‘Koshihikari’ × Takanari, Koshihikari × Tongil, and Koshihikari × IR8. Comparison of QTL locations in the three populations revealed a QTL in the same location on the long arm of chromosome 4 in each one, with the allele for higher photosynthesis‐related traits coming from the higher‐yielding parent of each population. Further genotypic analysis of the Takanari pedigree revealed the same genotype on the long arm of chromosome 4 in varieties related to IR8 and Takanari. These results suggest that breeders have selected the favorable allele of the QTL for photosynthesis on chromosome 4 in several breeding programs for high yield.
Environmental Stability of Contrasting Seed Tocopherol Profiles in Sunflower
Authors: Velasco L. , Fernández‐Martínez J. M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTocopherols (vitamin E) are the principal antioxidant compounds in oilseeds. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds mainly accumulate α‐tocopherol although lines with alternative tocopherol profiles have been developed. The objective of this research was to assess the environmental stability of tocopherol profiles in a set of lines with modified tocopherols. Lines T589 (610 g kg–1 β‐tocopherol), IAST‐5 (800 g kg–1 β‐tocopherol), T2100 and IAST‐1 (>980 g kg–1 γ‐tocopherol), TS‐1 (390 g kg–1 γ‐tocopherol and 580 g kg–1 δ‐tocopherol), and IAST‐4 (240 g kg–1 γ‐tocopherol and 740 g kg–1 δ‐tocopherol) were evaluated together with control line HA89 (990 g kg–1 α‐tocopherol) in 14 environments consisting of periodical sowing dates during 2 yr. Genotype effect was highly significant for all traits whereas environment main effect was only significant for the proportion of α‐ and δ‐tocopherol. Genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were observed for all traits although no consistent correlations between weather variables and tocopherol traits were identified The overall coefficients of variation in the 14 environments were 12.8 and 8.6% for β‐tocopherol in lines T589 and IAST‐5, respectively, 0.4 and 0.6% for γ‐tocopherol in lines T2100 and IAST‐1, respectively, and 19.5 and 12.5% for δ‐tocopherol in lines TS‐1 and IAST‐4, respectively. Despite the existence of environmental and G × E effects, the modified tocopherol traits were strongly expressed in all environments.
Genetic Architecture of Seed Dormancy in U.S. Weedy Rice in Different Genetic Backgrounds
Authors: Subudhi Prasanta K. , Parco Arnold , Singh Pradeep K. , DeLeon Teresa , Karan Ratna , Biradar Hanamareddy , Cohn Marc A. , Brar Darshan S. , Sasaki Takuji 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSeed dormancy (SD) is a key domestication trait closely related to preharvest sprouting tolerance. Wild and weedy rices (Oryza spp.) exhibit higher degrees of seed dormancy compared to the cultivated rice. Red rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major weed in the rice growing areas of the southern United States, was used to elucidate the genetic architecture of SD. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis conducted in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations developed from the crosses involving two rice cultivars (Bengal and Cypress) and a red rice accession (PSRR‐1) revealed six to seven QTL for seed dormancy, which accounted for 49 to 52% of the total phenotypic variance. The magnitude of the QTL contribution to phenotypic variance was influenced by genetic backgrounds. The majority of QTL had minor effects, except the QTL linked to Rc and Sdr4. The genetic architecture for seed dormancy in U.S. red rice was distinct compared with the earlier reported weedy accessions. Four QTL were mapped onto similar positions in both populations. Both cultivars and red rice contributed alleles for increased SD. Most of the digenic epistatic interactions involved loci other than the QTL with main effects. The nucleotide polymorphisms at the Sdr4 locus could not explain the phenotypic variation for seed dormancy in our materials. The variation in SD among the rice cultivars could be attributed to segregation of minor QTL, which may be exploited to improve preharvest sprouting tolerance.
Physical Mapping of Puroindoline b‐2 Genes in Wheat using ‘Chinese Spring’ Chromosome Group 7 Deletion Lines
Authors: Geng Hongwei , Beecher Brian S. , He Zhonghu , Morris Craig F. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe puroindoline genes (Puroindoline a‐D1 and Puroindoline b‐D1), located very near to the distal end of the short arm of chromosome 5D (distal to fraction arm length of 0.78) have a significant effect on grain hardness. Puroindoline b‐2 (Pinb‐2) is another puroindoline gene family that exists as a homoeologous series on group 7 chromosomes. However, a more detailed localization (physical mapping) of the Pinb‐2 genes has not been conducted. In the present study, 24 group 7 long‐arm chromosome deletion stocks of ‘Chinese Spring’ were used to physically map three Pinb‐2 variant genes: Pinb‐2v1, Pinb‐2v2, and Pinb‐2v4. All three genes were found to be physically located on the most distal 0.11 to 0.16 fraction arm length of chromosomes 7AL, 7BL, and 7DL in Chinese Spring. These results contribute insight into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome synteny, structure, and organization and provide a useful metric for germplasm and population relationships. Future studies may further resolve the physical mapping of Pinb‐2 genes at the ends of group 7 chromosomes and contribute to a better understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of kernel hardness.
Identification of Mycosphaerella Blight Resistance in Wild Pisum Species for Use in Pea Breeding
Authors: Jha Ambuj Bhushan , Warkentin Thomas D. , Gurusamy Valarmathi , Tar'an Bunyamin , Banniza Sabine 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMycosphaerella blight caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergren is the most important disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the world. It reduces seed yield and quality and limits the areas where field pea can effectively be grown. Extensive studies have failed to identify high levels of resistance. However, some accessions of Pisum fulvum Sm., a wild relative of field pea, may be a source of new resistance genes. The objective of this study was to identify mycosphaerella blight‐resistant wild pea accessions for use in introgression breeding in Canada. Twenty‐six P. fulvum accessions and 18 accessions of wild subspecies of P. sativum {subsp. elatius (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn., subsp. transcaucasicum Govorov, subsp. asiaticum Govorov, subsp. sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir., and Pisum abyssinicum A. Braun [syn. P. sativum subsp. abyssinicum (A. Braun) Govorov]} were evaluated along with the check cultivars CDC Striker (moderate resistance) and Alfetta (poor resistance). Among the 44 wild accessions tested under greenhouse condition, 12 accessions had significantly lower disease scores than CDC Striker (P < 0.0001). The 18 most promising accessions along with checks including ‘Radley’ (moderate resistance), CDC Striker, and Alfetta were evaluated for disease resistance under field conditions. None of these accessions had significantly lower disease scores than Radley and CDC Striker. Pisum fulvum accessions PI595937, P651, W615017, and PI560061 and P. sativum subsp. elatius accession PI344538 were considered the most promising for resistance breeding.
Relevance of Specific versus General Combining Ability in Winter Wheat
Authors: Gowda Manje , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Lein Volker , Reif Jochen C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTKnowledge of quantitative genetic parameters is crucial in allocating resources for different steps of multistage selection programs. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the magnitude of variance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects and their interaction with environments in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We used four data sets (Exp. 1, 2, 3, and 4) generated in commercial hybrid winter wheat breeding programs with a total of 940 hybrids evaluated in multienvironment trials in 2010 and 2011 in France. In at least three out of four experiments, general combining ability variance for females (σ2GCA‐F), specific combining ability variance (σ2SCA), general combining ability of females × environment interaction variance (σ2GCA‐F×E), and general combining ability of males × times environment interaction variance (σ2GCA‐M×E) were significantly larger than zero but general combining ability variance for males (σ2GCA‐M) was significant only in Exp. 4. For Exp. 3, we found no significant difference between the best performing hybrid and the best performing commercial variety. In contrast, 1.8% of hybrids in Exp. 2 and more than 21% of the hybrids in Exp. 1 and 4 significantly (P < 0.05) outperformed the best commercial variety included in the respective experiment. This superiority was even apparent when projecting our findings on line varieties of the same cycle of selection. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, general combining ability variance (σ2GCA) was more pronounced compared to σ2SCA. Moreover, correlation between GCA predicted and observed hybrid performance was medium to high (rExp.1 = 0.50, P < 0.01; rExp.2 = 0.90, P < 0.01; rExp.3 = 0.59, P < 0.01; and rExp.4 = 0.92, P < 0.01). Consequently, selection based on GCA effects is promising in hybrid wheat breeding program.
Breeding for Earliness in Pigeonpea: Development of New Determinate and Nondeterminate Lines
Authors: Vales M. I. , Srivastava R. K. , Sultana R. , Singh S. , Singh I. , Singh G. , Patil S. B. , Saxena K. B. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTConsidering the increasing demand for pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], especially in India, breeders have realized the need to develop high‐yielding, super‐early maturing (<90 d) lines that could be planted in a wider range of latitudes and/or altitudes to enhance the crop adaptation and to diversify the legume‐based cropping systems. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) initiated a breeding program in 2006 to develop “super‐early” (flowering in <50 d) determinate (DT) and nondeterminate (NDT) pigeonpea lines. Eleven parental lines with days to 50% flowering ranging from 49 d (MN 5) to 103 d (ICP 6974) were crossed using a full diallel mating design. A pedigree‐based approach was followed to select for early flowering. The selection gain was larger initially (reduction of 7 d) but there was less reduction (2 d) from F3 to F4. Determinate and NDT lines that flowered in 45 to 56 d at ICRISAT‐Patancheru reached advanced (F5 and F6) generations. The newly developed lines flowered and matured at a higher latitudes (tested at 30° N vs. 17° N) and altitudes (tested at 1250, 545, and 247 m asl). These lines could be used in new cropping systems (i.e., pigeonpea–wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]) that would allow expanding pigeonpea production to nontraditional planting areas (i.e., wider latitudes and higher altitudes) and could even offer wider planting time flexibility to farmers.
Variability and Stability for Kernel Iron and Zinc Contents in the ICRISAT Mini Core Collection of Peanut
Authors: Upadhyaya Hari D. , Dronavalli Naresh , Singh Sube , Dwivedi S. L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIron and zinc are essential minerals in human and animal nutrition. Low genetic variability has been a major bottleneck in genetic enhancement of the nutritional status of food crops and/or cultivars. Recently, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is gaining importance as a food in the world. We assessed the nutritional quality of 184 peanut mini core accessions along with four control cultivars to identify stable genotypes with high kernel Fe and Zn contents and with good agronomic performance for use in crop improvement. Significant genotypic and genotype × environment interactions were observed for both nutritional traits and all agronomic traits in the entire mini core collection and within each of subsp. fastigiata Waldron and subsp. hypogaea. Forty‐eight accessions with higher Fe content, 43 accessions with high Zn content, and 23 accessions high in both minerals coupled with superior agronomic traits were identified. Among them, ICG 4750, ICG 7963, ICG 14705, and ICG 15419 were highly diverse and stable for either or both nutrients, produced pod yield similar to or greater than the control cultivars, and have high shelling percentage, except ICG 15419, and high 100‐seed weight, except ICG 4750. High positive correlation between Fe and Zn contents in peanut kernels will be desirable and useful for breeders as selection for either of the nutrients would be effective for both the nutrients.
Identification of Pm8 Suppressor at the Pm3 Locus in Soft Red Winter Wheat
Authors: Hao Yuanfeng , Chen Zhenbang , Wang Yingying , Bland Dan , Parks Ryan , Cowger Christina , Johnson Jerry 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe 1BL.1RS wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rye (Secale cereale L.) translocation possesses genes Pm8, Yr9, Lr26, and Sr31 for resistance to several major fungal pathogens of small grain cereals. However, not all wheat cultivars with the 1RS translocation are resistant to Pm8‐avirulent isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal pathogen of wheat powdery mildew. A suppressor is postulated to limit the function of Pm8 in certain genetic backgrounds, such as ‘AGS 2000’. To illustrate the genetic basis of the suppressor in AGS 2000, a 178 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used by crossing AGS 2000 with another 1BL.1RS cultivar Pioneer 26R61 (Pm8 effective). A single Bgt isolate, Ken‐2‐5, avirulent to Pm8 and virulent to Pm3a was chosen to inoculate the entire RIL population at the seedling stage. One major quantitative trait locus (QTL), QSuPm.uga‐1AS, was stably detected as having an inhibiting effect on Pm8 in AGS 2000, and the QTL was postulated to be Pm3a based on its location. Further evidence of the Pm8‐suppressing nature of Pm3a was obtained when eight lines from the 2010 Gulf Atlantic Wheat Nursery were inoculated with Ken‐2‐5. The eight lines all have Pm8 (1BL.1RS) but were susceptible, as they also have Pm3a. In addition, a functional locus, QPm.uga‐7AL, was identified in Pioneer 26R61, where it accounted for up to 41% of phenotypic variation in resistance to isolate Ken‐2‐5. QPm.uga‐7AL was flanked by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Xcfa2257 and Xwmc525 on 7AL, and its relationship with other known Pm loci on this chromosome arm remains uncertain.
Homogeneously Suslin sets in tame mice
Authors: Schlutzenberg Farmer 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper studies homogeneously Suslin (hom) sets of reals in tame mice. The following results are established: In 0¶the hom sets are precisely thesets. InMnevery hom set is correctly, and (δ+ 1)-universally Baire whereδis the least Woodin. InMω, every hom set is <λ-hom, whereλis the supremum of the Woodins.
Undecidability of representability as binary relations
Authors: Hirsch Robin , Jackson Marcel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article we establish the undecidability of representability and of finite representability as algebras of binary relations in a wide range of signatures. In particular, representability and finite representability are undecidable for Boolean monoids and lattice ordered monoids, while representability is undecidable for Jónsson's relation algebra. We also establish a number of undecidability results for representability as algebras of injective functions.
Audit Quality: Insights from the Academic Literature
Authors: Knechel W. Robert , Krishnan Gopal V. , Pevzner Mikhail , Shefchik Lori B. , Velury Uma K. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARY
This study presents a review of academic research on audit quality. We begin with a review of existing definitions of audit quality and describe general frameworks for establishing audit quality. Next, we summarize research on indicators of audit quality such as inputs, process, and outcomes. Finally, we offer some suggestions for future research. The study should be useful to academics interested in audit quality as well as to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and other regulators.
Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: the role of microRNA
Authors: Madanecki Piotr , Kapoor Niren , Bebok Zsuzsa , Ochocka Renata , Collawn James , Bartoszewski Rafal 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the cellular pathways that regulate angiogenesis during hypoxia is a necessary aspect in the development of novel treatments for cardiovascular disorders. Although the pathways of angiogenesis have been extensively studied, there is limited information on the role of miRNAs in this process. miRNAs or their antagomirs could be used in future therapeutic approaches to regulate hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, so it is critical to understand their role in governing angiogenesis during hypoxic conditions. Although hypoxia and ischemia change the expression profile of many miRNAs, a functional role for a limited number of so-called hypoxamiRs has been demonstrated in angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the best examples that illustrate the role of hypoxamiRs in angiogenesis.
Motor evoked potential monitoring of the vagus nerve with transcranial electrical stimulation during skull base surgeries
Authors: Ito Eiji , Ichikawa Masahiro , Itakura Takeshi , Ando Hitoshi , Matsumoto Yuka , Oda Keiko , Sato Taku , Watanabe Tadashi , Sakuma Jun , Saito Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2012

Object
Dysphasia is one of the most serious complications of skull base surgeries and results from damage to the brainstem and/or cranial nerves involved in swallowing. Here, the authors propose a method to monitor the function of the vagus nerve using endotracheal tube surface electrodes and transcranial electrical stimulation during skull base surgeries.

Methods
Fifteen patients with skull base or brainstem tumors were enrolled. The authors used surface electrodes of an endotracheal tube to record compound electromyographic responses from the vocalis muscle. Motor neurons were stimulated using corkscrew electrodes placed subdermally on the scalp at C3 and C4. During surgery, the operator received a warning when the amplitude of the vagal motor evoked potential (MEP) decreased to less than 50% of the control level. After surgery, swallowing function was assessed clinically using grading criteria.

Results
In 5 patients, vagal MEP amplitude permanently deteriorated to less than 50% of the control level on the right side when meningiomas were dissected from the pons or basilar artery, or when a schwannoma was dissected from the vagal rootlets. These 5 patients had postoperative dysphagia. At 4 weeks after surgery, 2 patients still had dysphagia. In 2 patients, vagal MEPs of one side transiently disappeared when the tumors were dissected from the brainstem or the vagal rootlets. After surgery, both patients had dysphagia, which recovered in 4 weeks. In 7 patients, MEP amplitude was consistent, maintaining more than 50% of the control level throughout the operative procedures. After surgery all 7 patients were neurologically intact with normal swallowing function.

Conclusions
Vagal MEP monitoring with transcranial electrical stimulation and endotracheal tube electrode recording was a safe and effective method to provide continuous real-time information on the integrity of both the supranuclear and infranuclear vagal pathway. This method is useful to prevent intraoperative injury of the brainstem corticobulbar tract or the vagal rootlets and to avoid the postoperative dysphagia that is often associated with brainstem or skull base surgeries.