bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic significance of narrow‐band imaging for detecting high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Yang Shih‐Wei , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Liang‐Che , Hwang Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Tai‐An 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the established patterns of intraepithelial microvasculature of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) in diagnosing upper aerodigestive tract neoplasm of the squamous epithelium for detecting high‐grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma in oral leukoplakia.Study Design:Retrospective case‐control study.Methods:Using histopathological findings as the standard, clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and 3 different but established NBI criteria were compared and evaluated statistically.Results:A total of 414 patients, including 365 males and 49 females, with mean age of 52.15 ± 10.75 years, were enrolled. The odds ratio of detecting high‐grade dysplasia and carcinomatous lesions by twisted elongation of intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) and IPCL pattern destruction was 95.53 (confidence interval 95%: 42.19–216.29), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.62%, 94.56%, 74.32%, 97.06%, and 93.0%, respectively, which were significantly better than the other two established NBI criteria (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The NBI images of twisted elongation of IPCL and IPCL pattern destruction are indicators of high‐grade dysplasia or carcinomatous lesions in oral leukoplakia.
First bite syndrome caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland
Authors: Guss Joel , Ashton‐Sager Amanda L. , Fong Bryan P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFirst bite syndrome is a well‐described sequelae of parapharyngeal space surgery, thought to result from sympathetic denervation of the parotid gland. We describe a case of first bite syndrome caused by an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland. The tumor was not clinically or radiographically apparent until 18 months after initial presentation despite repeated imaging. In patients with first bite syndrome and no surgical history, there must be high suspicion for a malignancy, which may be occult on presentation. The submandibular gland should be considered as a possible site of a lesion.
Confinement Effects on the Molecular Dynamics of Liquid‐Crystalline Polymethacrylates—A Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Turky Gamal , Wolff Dietmar , Schönhals Andreas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe molecular dynamics of liquid‐crystalline polymethacrylates with biphenyl in the side group forming a highly ordered smectic E phase at low temperatures is investigated by dielectric spectroscopy (DS). Although no glass transition is found by DSC, DS detects a relaxation in the smectic E phase resembling to glassy dynamics. The temperature dependence of its relaxation rate is Arrhenius like at low temperatures, which changes to a VFT law at higher temperatures. Such a behavior is found to be characteristic for glassy dynamics in confining space. It is discussed, considering the structure of the polymers as nanobiphasic consisting of liquid‐crystalline layers while the backbones fill the interlayer space. A comparison is made to polymethacrylates having phenyl benzoate as mesogen.
Clifford algebras, Fourier transforms, and quantum mechanics
Authors: De Bie H. 
Published: September 2012

In this review, we give an overview of several recent generalizations of the Fourier transform, related to either the Lie algebra or the Lie superalgebra . In the former case, one obtains scalar generalizations of the Fourier transform, including the fractional Fourier transform, the Dunkl transform, the radially deformed Fourier transform, and the super Fourier transform. In the latter case, one has to use the framework of Clifford analysis and arrives at the Clifford–Fourier transform and the radially deformed hypercomplex Fourier transform.A detailed exposition of all these transforms is given, with emphasis on aspects such as eigenfunctions and spectrum of the transform, characterization of the integral kernel, and connection with various special functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computable exact bounds for linear outputs from stabilized solutions of the advection–diffusion–reaction equation
Authors: Parés Núria , Díez Pedro , Huerta Antonio 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe paper introduces a methodology to compute strict upper and lower bounds for linear‐functional outputs of the exact solutions of the advection–diffusion–reaction equation. The bounds are computed using implicit a posteriori error estimators from stabilized finite element approximations of the exact solution. The new methodology extends the a posteriori error estimates yielding bounds for the standard Galerkin formulation to be able to obtain bounds for stabilized formulations. This methodology is combined with both hybrid‐flux and flux‐free techniques for error assessment. The application to stabilized formulations provides sharper estimates than when applied to Galerkin methods. The best results are found in combination with the flux‐free technique. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of thermomechanical solids with highly conductive energetic interfaces
Authors: Javili A. , McBride A. , Steinmann P. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYInterfaces within a solid can play a significant role in the overall response of a body. The influence of an interface increases as the scale of the problem decreases. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of the interface can differ significantly from those of the surrounding bulk. Such effects are described here using interface elasticity theory. The objective of this contribution is to detail the computational aspects of modelling thermomechanical solids with highly conductive energetic interfaces. The interface is termed energetic in the sense that it possesses its own energy, entropy, constitutive relations and dissipation. The equations governing the fully nonlinear, transient problem are given. They are then solved using an efficient finite element scheme. Full details of the consistent linearisation of the nonlinear governing equations are provided. Key features of highly conductive energetic interfaces are then elucidated via a series of three‐dimensional numerical examples. In particular and in contrast to highly conductive thermal interfaces, it is clearly shown that a jump in the heat flux across the interface is possible even in the absence of a heat flux along the interface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contamination of Polyvinyl Chloride Cling Films from Cardboard Packaging
Authors: Guazzotti Valeria , Piergiovanni Luciano , Vestrucci Gianluigi , Limbo Sara 
Published: September 2012

An analytical screening was undertaken with the aim of investigating the occurrence of di‐isobutylphthalate (DIBP) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cling films for food contact applications and its source of contamination throughout a converting process. Although raw plastic materials used by producers are free from phthalates and analytical evidences confirm their absence after the extrusion process, DIBP can be found in final rolls packaged into cardboard packaging during storage.A solvent extraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was applied on several intermediate products and at different stages taken from the converting process, with the aim of identifying the source of contamination. Different cardboard cores and folding cardboards made of recycled fibres were analyzed, and some of them resulted highly contaminated by DIBP. The storage of final cling films with these materials increased DIBP transfer into PVC.To investigate the possible DIBP transfer mechanism from contaminated paper and adsorption by plastic materials through the gas phase, kinetic experiments were performed in a model system. Results obtained at 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C showed a considerable uptake of DIBP into PVC; Weibull model parameters estimated from the experimental data suggested an initial rate of the process dependent on temperature. In addition, to evaluate the partitioning behaviour, adsorption isotherms of DIBP into paper, PVC and low low density polyethylene (LLDPE) cling film were obtained at 40 °C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of load models and power factor control on optimal sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators in a distribution system
Authors: Hengsritawat Vichakorn , Tayjasanant Thavatchai 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of optimal sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators (PV‐DGs) on a distribution system using different static load models (i.e., constant power, constant current, and constant impedance) and various power factor (PF) operations. A probabilistic approach with Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to obtain the optimal size of PV‐DG. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to predict the solar radiation, ambient temperatures, and load demands. The objective is to minimize average system real power losses, with the power quality constraints not exceeding the limits, i.e. voltage and total harmonic voltage distortion (THDv) at the point of common coupling (PCC). A modified Newton method and a classical harmonic flow method are employed to calculate the power flow and THDv values, respectively. An actual 51‐bus, medium‐voltage distribution system in Thailand is employed as a test case. Results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well to provide the optimal size of PV‐DG based on technical constraints. Further, the results show that the three static load models do not affect the optimal PV‐DG size but the model has a different impact for various PF operations. PV‐DGs may improve the voltage regulation and decrease the losses in distribution systems practically, but the THDv values could increase. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Noise‐immune dual‐rail dynamic circuit for wide fan‐in gates in asynchronous designs
Authors: Peiravi Ali , Asyaei Mohammad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDual‐rail dynamic logic circuits can provide inverting and noninverting outputs, especially for asynchronous designs, to implement complicated gates at the cost of approximately doubling the area and power consumption. In this paper, a new dual‐rail dynamic circuit is proposed which has lower die area consumption and higher noise immunity without dramatic speed degradation for even wide fan‐in gates for asynchronous circuits. The main idea in the proposed circuit is that voltage due to the current of the pulldown network (PDN) is compared with the reference voltage to provide two complementary outputs. The reference voltage almost corresponds to the leakage current of the PDN with all transistors being off. The proposed circuit is compared with conventional dual‐rail circuits such as differential domino logic and differential cross‐coupled domino logic. Simulation results for 32‐bit‐wide OR gates designed using high‐performance 16‐nm predictive technology model demonstrate significant performance advantages such as 66% power reduction and at least 2.86× noise‐immunity improvement at the same delay compared to the differential domino circuits. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A DC‐side damping control method for power converters to suppress resonance in DC power network
Authors: Xu Jin , Sato Yukihiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes a damping control method of power converters for suppression of resonance in DC power network. The resonance occurs when a resonant frequency of the DC distribution line coincides with the frequency of the harmonic or interharmonic components generated by the power converters. For detailed investigation, a combined system which consists of a pulse‐width modulated (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter is treated as the simplest example. To suppress the resonance, a DC‐side damping control method is proposed and its implementation and design method are discussed in detail. Then, the proposed damping control method is applied to the combined system of a PWM rectifier and a PWM inverter. Experimental results verify the validity and practicability of the proposed damping control method. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Science‐based parameterizations for dynamical spatiotemporal models
Authors: Leeds William B. , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMost real‐world processes change with time, and the manner in which they change through time often depends on their location in space. Statistical models for such spatiotemporal processes fall into one of two broad categories: descriptive spatiotemporal models and dynamic spatiotemporal models. Descriptive spatiotemporal models are based on the joint specification of first‐order and second‐order moments (i.e., mean and covariance, respectively). Dynamical spatiotemporal models specify the joint distribution through a series of conditional probability models that model the current process conditioned on the process at the previous time point(s). A common pitfall with dynamic spatiotemporal models is the so‐called curse of dimensionality, where the number of parameters in the model can increase by orders of magnitude as the number of spatial locations increase. As a result, dynamic spatiotemporal models are over‐parameterized in most situations. However, dynamical models being truer to the etiology of the scientific process than descriptive models, it is typically easier to use a priori knowledge of the process dynamics to motivate statistical parameterization, reducing the dimensionality of the parameter space and overcoming the curse of dimensionality. We provide an overview of several methods of using a priori scientific knowledge to motivate the parameterization of a dynamic spatiotemporal model, including mechanistically motivated statistical modeling, computer models, and computer model emulation. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:554–560. doi: 10.1002/wics.1227This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Principal component analysis for interval data
Authors: Billard L. , Le‐Rademacher J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPrincipal component analysis for classical data is a method used frequently to reduce the effective dimension underlying a data set from p random variables to s ≪ p linear functions of those p random variables and their observed values. With contemporary large data sets, it is often the case that the data are aggregated in some meaningful scientific way such that the resulting data are symbolic data (such as lists, intervals, histograms, and the like); though symbolic data can and do occur naturally and in smaller data sets. Since symbolic data have internal variations along with the familiar (between observations) variation of classical data, direct application of classical methods to symbolic data will ignore much of the information contained in the data. Our focus is to describe and illustrate principal component methodology for interval data. The significance of symbolic data in general and of this article in particular is illustrated by its applicability for our analysis of three key 21st century challengers: networks, security data, and translational medicine. It is relatively easy to visualize the applicability to security data and translational medicine, though less easy to visualize its applicability to networks. Since an interval is typically denoted by (a,b), in a network interval, we let a be a pair of nodes and b be their edge with characteristics c and d, respectively. If this representation of a network interval is valid, then we can more easily visualize its applicability to networks also. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:535–540. doi: 10.1002/wics.1231This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Plasma and urinary levels of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate derived disaccharides after long‐term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in MPS I: correlation with the timing of ERT and with total urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans
Authors: de Ru Minke H. , van der Tol Linda , van Vlies Naomi , Bigger Brian W. , Hollak Carla E. M. , IJlst Lodewijk , Kulik Wim , van Lenthe Henk , Saif Muhammad A. , Wagemans Tom , van der Wal Willem M. , Wanders Ronald J. , Wijburg Frits A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) results in a defective breakdown of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which leads to a progressive disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) results in clearance of these GAGs from a range of tissues and can significantly ameliorate several symptoms. The biochemical efficacy of ERT is generally assessed by the determination of the total urinary excretion of GAGs. However, this has limitations. We studied the concentrations of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate derived disaccharides (HS and DS, respectively) in the plasma and urine of seven patients and compared these levels with total urinary GAGs (uGAGs) levels.MethodsPlasma and urine samples were collected at different time points relative to the weekly ERT for three non‐consecutive weeks in seven MPS I patients who had been treated with ERT for at least 2.5 years. Heparan and dermatan sulfate in plasma and urine were enzymatically digested into disaccharides, and HS and DS levels were determined by HPLC‐MS/MS analysis. uGAGs were measured by the DMB test.ResultsThe levels of HS and DS were markedly decreased compared with the levels before the initiation of ERT. However, the concentrations of DS in plasma and of both HS and DS in urine remained significantly elevated in all studied patients, while in six patients the level of total uGAGs had normalized. The concentrations of plasma and urinary HS during the weekly ERT followed a U‐shaped curve. However, the effect size is small. The concentrations of plasma and urinary DS and uGAGs appeared to be in a steady state.ConclusionsHS and DS are sensitive biomarkers for monitoring the biochemical treatment efficacy of ERT and remain elevated despite long‐term treatment. This finding may be related to the labeled dose or antibody status of the patient. The timing of the sample collection is not relevant, at least at the current dose of 100 IU/kg/weekly.
Effects of Cultivars and Location on Quality, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Extra‐Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Terracone Carmela , Viggiani Ilaria , Nobile Matteo Alessandro Del 
Published: September 2012

AbstractQuality characteristics of extra‐virgin olive oils depend on several factors. In order to study the effects of genotype and growing location on olive oil quality, olives from cv. Coratina, Nocellara, Ogliarola, and Peranzana, picked in four locations of the Apulia region (Italy), were crushed by a three‐phase system to produce mono‐cultivar extra virgin olive oils that were analyzed for acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices, total phenolic content, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The experimental data concerning peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices, phenolic content and profile and antioxidant activity showed great variability among the cultivars grown in the same location and also among the oils produced with olives of the same cultivar but grown in different locations. For each cultivar, no significant differences were found among locations in terms of acidity and ΔK whereas peroxide value, K232, and K270 differ significantly among locations for both Ogliarola and Peranzana cv. Concerning the phenolic content of Ogliarola cv., no differences were highlighted between the locations whereas the phenolic contents of Peranzana significantly changed as a function of the place of growing. On the basis of these results, the statistical multivariate analysis did not allow the classification into homogeneous groups neither of the oils belonging to the same cultivar nor of those obtained from olives picked in the same location.
Alternating electron and proton transfer steps in photosynthetic water oxidation
Authors: Klauss André , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger 
Published: September 2012

Water oxidation by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants is pivotal in oxygenic photosynthesis, the process that powers life on Earth, and is the paradigm for engineering solar fuel–production systems. Each complete reaction cycle of photosynthetic water oxidation requires the removal of four electrons and four protons from the catalytic site, a manganese–calcium complex and its protein environment in photosystem II. In time-resolved photothermal beam deflection experiments, we monitored apparent volume changes of the photosystem II protein associated with charge creation by light-induced electron transfer (contraction) and charge-compensating proton relocation (expansion). Two previously invisible proton removal steps were detected, thereby filling two gaps in the basic reaction-cycle model of photosynthetic water oxidation. In the
S
2
→
S
3
transition of the classical
S
-state cycle, an intermediate is formed by deprotonation clearly before electron transfer to the oxidant (

). The rate-determining elementary step (τ, approximately 30 µs at 20 °C) in the long-distance proton relocation toward the protein–water interface is characterized by a high activation energy (
E

a

= 0.46 ± 0.05 eV) and strong H/D kinetic isotope effect (approximately 6). The characteristics of a proton transfer step during the
S
0
→
S
1
transition are similar (τ, approximately 100 µs;
E

a

= 0.34 ± 0.08 eV; kinetic isotope effect, approximately 3); however, the proton removal from the Mn complex proceeds after electron transfer to

. By discovery of the transient formation of two further intermediate states in the reaction cycle of photosynthetic water oxidation, a temporal sequence of strictly alternating removal of electrons and protons from the catalytic site is established.
Syntacrobatics
Authors: Setton Robin , Motta Manuela 
Published: September 2012

This study aimed, first, to test the widely held belief that meaning-based processing (‘deverbalisation’) results in better-quality simultaneous interpretation (SI), by the indirect method of correlating users’ quality judgments with linguistic reformulation and elaboration, and additionally, with transcript-based measures of accuracy, style and fluency. Twenty-four French SI-with-text versions of two English speeches by experts and novices were played to a panel of users from international organizations, and the transcripts independently scored by a panel of interpreters for these specific parameters. Analysis showed major errors to be a significant predictor of user quality judgments (although users did not have access to the original speeches), as well as some positive effect of lexical and cohesive elaboration, but none for restructuring per se.

Secondly, since interpreting quality evaluation may vary between peers (the traditional judges), users, and other product-based methods, the study also explored ways of triangulating different sources — user judgments, transcript scores, and computer analysis of output text features — to learn more about the determinants of interpreting quality.