bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of malaria surveillance data in Ethiopia: what can be learned from the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System?
Authors: Jima Daddi , Wondabeku Milliyon , Alemu Abebe , Teferra Admas , Awel Nuraini , Deressa Wakgari , Adissie Adamu , Tadesse Zerihun , Gebre Teshome , Mosher Aryc W , Richards Frank O , Graves Patricia M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Routine malaria surveillance data is useful for assessing incidence and trends over time, and in stratification for targeting of malaria control. The reporting completeness and potential bias of such data needs assessment.

Methods
Data on 17 malaria indicators were extracted from the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System database for July 2004 to June 2009 (Ethiopian calendar reporting years 1997 to 2001). Reporting units were standardized over time with 2007 census populations. The data were analysed to show reporting completeness, variation in risk by reporting unit, and incidence trends for malaria indicators.

Results
Reporting completeness, estimated as product of unit-month and health facility reporting, was over 80% until 2009, when it fell to 56% during a period of reorganization in the Ministry of Health. Nationally the average estimated annual incidence of reported total malaria for the calendar years 2005 to 2008 was 23.4 per 1000 persons, and of confirmed malaria was 7.6 per 1,000, with no clear decline in out-patient cases over the time period. Reported malaria in-patient admissions and deaths (averaging 6.4 per 10,000 and 2.3 per 100,000 per year respectively) declined threefold between 2005 and 2009, as did admissions and deaths reported as malaria with severe anaemia. Only 8 of 86 reporting units had average annual estimated incidence of confirmed malaria above 20 per 1,000 persons, while 26 units were consistently below five reported cases per 1,000 persons per year.

Conclusion
The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response System functioned well over the time period mid 2004 to the end of 2008. The data suggest that the scale up of interventions has had considerable impact on malaria in-patient cases and mortality, as reported from health centres and hospitals. These trends must be regarded as relative (over space and time) rather than absolute. The data can be used to stratify areas for improved targeting of control efforts to steadily reduce incidence. They also provide a baseline of incidence estimates against which to gauge future progress towards elimination. Inclusion of climate information over this time period and extension of the dataset to more years is needed to clarify the impact of control measures compared to natural cycles on malaria.
An international registry for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Authors: Kalman Bernadette , Lautenschlaeger Ronald , Kohlmayer Florian , Büchner Boriana , Kmiec Thomas , Klopstock Thomas , Kuhn Klaus A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We report the development of an international registry for Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA), in the context of TIRCON (Treat Iron-Related Childhood-Onset Neurodegeneration), an EU-FP7 – funded project. This registry aims to combine scattered resources, integrate clinical and scientific knowledge, and generate a rich source for future research studies. This paper describes the content, architecture and future utility of the registry with the intent to capture as many NBIA patients as possible and to offer comprehensive information to the international scientific community.
Microcompartments within the yeast plasma membrane
Authors: Merzendorfer Hans , Heinisch Jürgen J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recent research in cell biology makes it increasingly clear that the classical concept of compartmentation of eukaryotic cells into different organelles performing distinct functions has to be extended by microcompartmentation, i.e., the dynamic interaction of proteins, sugars, and lipids at a suborganellar level, which contributes significantly to a proper physiology. As different membrane compartments (MCs) have been described in the yeast plasma membrane, such as those defined by Can1 and Pma1 (MCCs and MCPs), Saccharomyces cerevisiae can serve as a model organism, which is amenable to genetic, biochemical, and microscopic studies. In this review, we compare the specialized microcompartment of the yeast bud neck with other plasma membrane substructures, focusing on eisosomes, cell wall integrity-sensing units, and chitin-synthesizing complexes. Together, they ensure a proper cell division at the end of mitosis, an intricately regulated process, which is essential for the survival and proliferation not only of fungal, but of all eukaryotic cells.
Solidification of PTA aluminide coatings
Authors: D'Oliveira Ana Sofia C. M. , Takano Edson H. , Belotti Luca , Cardoso Rodrigo P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Components can be protected with coatings tailored using plasma transferred arc to meet specific demands as mixtures of powders with an almost unlimited chemical composition can be processed. In this study, Ni, Fe and Nb aluminide coatings were processed from mixtures of elemental powders on steel substrates and on a Cu refrigerated mold for comparison purposes. Coatings and mini-billets were characterized by means of microhardness, X-ray diffraction and laser confocal microscopy. Examination of the solidification structures showed that for each alloy system coatings are influenced by the exothermal synthesis of the aluminides and the interaction of the plasma arc with the substrate and with the feedstock. The poor flowability of the Ni–Al powder mixture determined its interaction with the plasma arc and strongly affected the dilution of coatings.
The Vicissitudes of the French Regional Park Model Illustrated through the Life History of the Morvan
Authors: Parra Constanza 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The diversity of socio-ecological territories on the European continent has led to a differentiation of institutions for nature protection, ranging from strict nature reserves to semi-protected areas designed to revitalise rural territories. This article examines the French regional park model and illustrates its governance distinctiveness through the life history of the Parc Naturel Régional du Morvan. First, the text analyses the challenging role of regional parks, in which environmental protection and socio-economic sustainability, based upon the enhancement of nature-culture heritage, merge. Second, it looks at the Morvan area within the flow of history, from the heyday of its traditional rural economy to the socio-ecological regulation emanating from the diversity of new actors and social claims made on it. And, third, it concludes with comments on the role of regional parks in contemporary societies as wellsprings of a particular socially innovative environmental citizenship founded in a strong nature-culture relationship.
Images pour élèves aveugles
Authors: Goffard Serge 
Published: September 2012

La présence d’images dans les manuels scolaires et l’exigence de l’initiation à une culture de l’image pose des problèmes spécifiques à l’enseignement des élèves aveugles ou mal voyants. Un groupe d’anciens enseignants a commencé à produire des audiodescriptions d’images de manuels. Cette production a rencontré plusieurs obstacles : accepter l’ancrage personnel du descripteur, sans imposer une interprétation (règles d’énonciation) ; établir un parcours cohérent (deixis) spécifique aux élèves aveugles ; tenir compte du lexique de l’élève, de ses représentations et de sa capacité d’attention. Il reste que, chaque description proposée étant décontextualisée des situations didactiques, le rôle des enseignants usagers reste déterminant. Le projet, déjà testé, devrait ouvrir sur une banque d’audiodescriptions consultables par tous publics.
The need for monitoring farm animal welfare during mass killing for disease eradication purposes
Authors: Berg C 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe term ‘depopulation’ is used in this case to describe mass euthanasia or killing of groups of animals on a farm for emergency disease eradication purposes. There are a number of guidelines for monitoring animal welfare during such operations, eg the OIE Terrestrial Health Code and the EU regulation on protection of animals at the time of killing, which can be useful when designing a specific monitoring system for depopulation. In this paper, the responsibilities of the competent authorities are identified, and a systematic approach to monitoring on-farm killing is proposed, including three major critical points: i) animal handling prior to killing; ii) the stun/kill quality, ie the effectiveness of the method used to render the animals unconscious and dead; and iii) confirmation of death prior to carcase disposal. The importance of good biosecurity routines, efficient disease detection systems, relevant training of staff and thorough contingency planning to prevent animal welfare problems from arising is strongly emphasised. It is the responsibility of national competent authorities to provide the appointed official veterinarians in charge of monitoring animal welfare during depopulation with proper tools, including anything from appropriate knowledge and practical checklists to the authority to demand immediate corrective action when necessary, and to develop systems for feedback and incorporation of experiences from previous outbreaks into the national contingency plans.
Firearm Discharge Residue: Analysis of
Authors: Zeichner Arie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnalysis of firearm discharge residues (FDR) on relevant exhibits can assist in reconstruction of a crime and might provide evidence against suspects involved. This article discusses the detection and analysis of primer residues (GSR), detection and analysis of gunpowder (propellant) residues, techniques of associating firearms and ammunition with gunshot entries, and estimation of the time since shooting.
Spatio‐temporal excitation energy localization in a supramolecular complex coupled to a metal nanoparticle
Authors: Kyas Gerold , Zelinskyy Yaroslav , Zhang Yuan , May Volkhard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSub‐picosecond laser pulse‐initiated excitation energy transfer in a supramolecular complex (SC) placed in the proximity of a spherical metal nanoparticle (MNP) is studied theoretically. Spatio‐temporal localization of electronic excitation energy in a chain‐like SC is demonstrated. Related simulations are carried out in the framework of a density matrix theory which is based on a microscopic model for the SC–MNP system. The respective SC–MNP Coulomb interaction is dominated by an energy exchange coupling between the excitations of the SC and the multipolar excitations of the MNP. The nonperturbative consideration of this coupling results in a shift and a broadening of all SC exciton levels as well as in an oscillator strength change. Laser pulse‐induced excitation energy localization is then explained as a combined effect of the oscillator strength change and the formation of an excitonic wave packet.
Self‐modulation in nonlinear electrical circuits presenting jump resonance and variable inertial damping
Authors: Nemescu Mircea V. , Temneanu Mitica 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThis study examines the appearance of self‐modulation in nonlinear electrical circuits presenting the jump resonance phenomenon and variable inertial damping. The oscillations envelope is a slow forced oscillation, periodic or non‐periodic, its character being determined by the environmental influence on the damping factor. The results of this experimental study were obtained by numerical simulation and experiment and confirm the initial theoretical considerations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Federal regulation—Natural gas: Will FERC abandonment policy fit today's market and regulatory environment?
Authors: Chesno Janna , Curry James , Diamond Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSerious pipeline incidents in 2010 and 2011 have prompted new federal pipeline safety requirements that are expected to result in significant cost increases for some pipelines. At the same time, rising shale gas and other unconventional gas production has shifted market dynamics by cutting locational price differences, resulting in reduced throughput and revenues on pipelines in certain areas. Faced with potentially significant regulatory cost increases and declining revenues, some interstate pipelines may seek to abandon uneconomic interstate pipeline facilities or services.
Academic autonomy for adult degree programs: Independence with integration
Authors: Curry Judson 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNorth Park University's adult program has moved steadily from a centralized governance structure toward a more distributed structure in many ways. The School of Adult Learning hires its own faculty, some of whom are full time in the adult program. The school also has autonomy over academic policy. Ultimately, this academic autonomy has fostered more effective and meaningful integration of the School of Adult Learning into the wider institution of North Park University.
Immigration and its Impact on Daily Occupations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bennett Kayla Marie , Scornaiencki Jennifer Marie , Brzozowski Jennifer , Denis Suzanne , Magalhaes Lilian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractImmigrants often adopt new and unfamiliar occupations in an attempt to adapt to their new culture. Occupations provide a means for participation in the host country and play a significant role in formulating a person's identity. This scoping review sought to identify the current knowledge on immigration and its impact on occupations. A scoping review for peer‐reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2010 in English or French was completed. Thirty‐six articles met the inclusion criteria. Four themes were identified: 1) role change; 2) work; 3) identity; and 4) health and well‐being. Limitations include the lack of a consistent definition of occupation, research primarily being conducted in the North American context and the limited number of occupational therapy based articles. Future research should focus on a systematic review of the lived experiences of immigrants and their occupational contexts, and how this can inform policy development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Polyurethane‐based magnetostrictive composites: Dynamical mechanical properties
Authors: Vilas J.L. , Laza J.M. , Rodríguez C. , Rodríguez M. , León L.M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolyurethane‐based magnetostrictive composites containing between 30 and 70 wt% Terfenol‐D have been prepared in order to obtain better and tailored dynamic‐mechanical properties. The thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethanes with different chemical compositions were first analyzed to determine the most adequate one to prepare the composite materials. Calorimetric analysis indicates that the amount of crystallites increased in presence of Terfenol‐D. Dynamic‐mechanical properties have also been determined for the chosen composite, showing that the damping peak at glass transition increased by the addition of the magnetostrictive material while it became simultaneously broader. However, the storage modulus showed a drop with the increase in the filler content from 2200 MPa for pure polyurethane to 400 MPa for polyurethane with 60 %wt Terfenol‐D. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Disaster Metrics: Quantitative Estimation of the Number of Ambulances Required in Trauma-Related Multiple Casualty Events
Authors: Bayram Jamil D. , Zuabi Shawki , El Sayed Mazen J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionEstimating the number of ambulances needed in trauma-related Multiple Casualty Events (MCEs) is a challenging task.Hypothesis/ProblemEmergency medical services (EMS) regions in the United States have varying “best practices” for the required number of ambulances in MCE, none of which is based on metric criteria. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of ambulances required to respond to the scene of trauma-related MCE in order to initiate treatment and complete the transport of critical (T1) and moderate (T2) patients. The proposed model takes into consideration the different transport times and capacities of receiving hospitals, the time interval from injury occurrence, the number of patients per ambulance, and the pre-designated time frame allowed from injury until the transfer care of T1 and T2 patients.MethodsThe main theoretical framework for this model was based on prehospital time intervals described in the literature and used by EMS systems to evaluate operational and patient care issues. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) triage categories (T1-T4) were used for simplicity.ResultsThe minimum number of ambulances required to respond to the scene of an MCE was modeled as being primarily dependent on the number of critical patients (T1) present at the scene any particular time. A robust quantitative model was also proposed to dynamically estimate the number of ambulances needed at any time during an MCE to treat, transport and transfer the care of T1 and T2 patients.ConclusionA new quantitative model for estimation of the number of ambulances needed during the prehospital response in trauma-related multiple casualty events has been proposed. Prospective studies of this model are needed to examine its validity and applicability.BayramJD, ZuabiS, El SayedMJ. Disaster metrics: quantitative estimation of the number of ambulances required in trauma-related multiple casualty events. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-7.
Gravity and magnetic anomalies in the allochthonous Órdenes Complex (Variscan belt, northwest Spain): Assessing its internal structure and thickness
Authors: Martínez Catalán José R. , Álvarez Lobato Fernando , Pinto Victor , Gómez Barreiro Juan , Ayarza Puy , Villalaín Juan José , Casas Albert 
Published: September 2012

The Órdenes Complex is the largest Variscan allochthonous structure of NW Iberia, and preserves the suture of a long‐standing Paleozoic ocean, probably the Rheic. Gravity and magnetic data, the latter specifically acquired on land for this study, show that the complex occupies the core of an open synform with a maximum depth of 9–10 km, which contrasts with the flat geometry of the lower crust and Moho discontinuity beneath. The maximum depth reached by the ophiolitic rocks marking the suture is around 7 km. The allochthonous units formed by basic and ultrabasic rocks are lens‐shaped in section, and occur not only at the periphery of the complex, but form wide ribbons trending NE‐SW to N‐S. The Bouguer anomaly related with the longest of them, the Fornás Unit, previously used to support an autochthonous interpretation of the complexes, is modeled as a rootless, massive amphibolite body with a maximum thickness of 6 km located at the downthrown block of a large normal fault cutting across previous thrust faults and extensional detachments. The main magnetic anomalies are associated with ultrabasic rocks cropping out in the NW and SE, but a weak, wide anomaly in the central part of the complex is related with one or more thin layers of amphibolite partly mineralized with massive sulphides. The weakly arcuate geometry of this anomaly and of the Bouguer anomaly caused by the Fornás Unit may reflect the NE flank of the Central Iberian arc, an orocline whose core is occupied by the allochthonous complexes.
Effects of substrate and N content on the growth of the mid-infrared dilute nitride InAsN alloy
Authors: de la Mare M , Zhuang Q , Patanè A , Krier A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We investigate the epitaxial growth of the dilute nitride InAsN alloy onto InAs and GaAs substrates with nitrogen content up to 1%. We report photoluminescence (PL) emission within the 2–4 µm spectral region and show that InAsN grown onto GaAs exhibits no degradation of the PL intensity and linewidth compared with epitaxial layers grown on near lattice-matched InAs substrates. Also, nitrogen can induce a significant reduction in the thermal quenching of the PL emission, which we attribute to the reduction in non-radiative Auger-recombination.
Rapid thermal annealed WO3-doped In2O3 films for transparent electrodes in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jun Ho , Shin Yong-Hee , Seong Tae-Yeon , Na Seok-In , Kim Han-Ki 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We investigated the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the electrical, optical, structural and surface properties of WO3-doped In2O3 (IWO) films for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). Increasing the RTA temperature led to significant decreases in resistivity and sheet resistance due to activation of the W dopants and the (2 2 2) preferred orientation of the IWO films. At the optimized RTA temperature of 500 °C, the IWO film had a sheet resistance of 21 Ω/square and an optical transmittance of 89.39%, which is comparable to conventional ITO electrodes. Due to the high mobility of 46 cm2 V−1 s−1, the IWO film showed a higher optical transmittance in the near infrared wavelength region even though it had a low resistivity of 4.34 × 10−4 Ω cm. Furthermore, the 500 °C annealed IWO film showed very smooth surface morphology due to its (2 2 2) preferred orientation. The performance (fill factor of 61.59%, short circuit current of 8.84 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage of 0.60 V and power conversion efficiency of 3.27%) of the OSC fabricated with the IWO electrode was nearly identical to that of the OSC with a reference ITO anode, indicating that the IWO anode is a promising high-mobility transparent electrode material to replace conventional ITO anodes for high-performance OSCs.
Dielectric recovery in a high-voltage circuit breaker in SF6
Authors: Seeger M , Schwinne M , Bini R , Mahdizadeh N , Votteler T 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The dielectric recovery in high-voltage circuit breakers after interruption of high-current amplitudes was investigated experimentally in a test device. Various current amplitudes were tested, which cover a typical range of practical interest. Simulations with computational fluid dynamics together with electric field simulations allowed one to deduce the physical parameters in the region where the breakdown was decided. A leader inception model using these parameters explains under which condition leader inception occurs; causing breakdown of the gap. Based on this model scaling laws for leader inception are given.