bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tsunami awareness in Korea, Indonesia, and the United States
Authors: Ha K.‐M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study compares Korean, Indonesian, and US tsunami awareness, the ultimate goal being to reduce human loss, economic damage, and psychological impact resulting from tsunamis. Using the comparative perspective, the study examines the start of Korean awareness of tsunamis, tsunami awareness in Indonesia, and US tsunami awareness with mitigation. Three components are examined: government policy, researchers' efforts, and residents' readiness. The value of this study lies in its initial and systematic comparison of these three nations' approach towards tsunami awareness. It recommends that each nation learn from the major phases of other types of awareness to achieve its ultimate goal.
ADVANCING RENAL EDUCATION: HYBRID SIMULATION, USING SIMULATED PATIENTS TO ENHANCE REALISM IN HAEMODIALYSIS EDUCATION
Authors: Dunbar‐Reid Kylie , Sinclair Peter M. , Hudson Denis 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundSimulation is a well‐established and proven teaching method, yet its use in renal education is not widely reported. Criticisms of simulation‐based teaching include limited realism and a lack of authentic patient interaction.MethodThis paper discusses the benefits and challenges of high‐fidelity simulation and suggests hybrid simulation as a complementary model to existing simulation programmes.ConclusionThrough the use of a simulated patient, hybrid simulation can improve the authenticity of renal simulation‐based education while simultaneously teaching and assessing technologically enframed caring.
Evaluation of Data Aggregation in Polarized Sensory Positioning
Authors: Antúnez Lucía , Salvador Ana , de Saldamando Luis , Varela Paula , Giménez Ana , Ares Gastón 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to evaluate data aggregation when using two polarized sensory positioning (PSP) approaches for sensory characterization with consumers. Two consumer studies with different product categories (orange‐flavored powdered drinks and chocolate milk beverages) were carried out. In each study two PSP approaches were considered: PSP with scales and triadic PSP (t‐PSP). For each approach, one‐third of the consumers evaluated the whole sample set, whereas the other two‐thirds evaluated the sample set split in two subsets. Results showed that sample configurations for the evaluation of the whole and the split set by different consumer groups were relatively well correlated (RV coefficients higher than 0.79). However, agreement between the configurations differed between the studies, which can be explained by the degree of difference among samples. Besides, differences in consumers' dissimilarity scores and conclusions regarding similarities and differences among samples were identified when comparing both data sets (with and without data aggregation). Regarding the comparison of the two PSP approaches, in the two studies better agreement between sample configurations was obtained for t‐PSP. However, in one of the studies PSP with scales provided better results for the evaluation of a repeated sample by different consumer groups.Practical ApplicationsPolarized sensory positioning has been gaining popularity in the last years. The main advantage of this methodology over other holistic methodologies is that it allows aggregating data from different studies, which is particularly interesting when working with consumer‐based sensory characterization. Results from the present work showed that aggregation of data from the evaluation of split sample sets by different consumer groups provided similar results than the evaluation of the whole sample set. However, conclusions regarding similarities and differences among samples differed in one of the studies, which suggests that care must be taken when aggregating data from the evaluation of similar samples by different consumer groups.
Sensory Lexicon Development for a Portuguese Cooked Blood Sausage – Morcela de Arroz de Monchique – to Predict Its Usefulness for a Geographical Certification
Authors: Pereira J. A. , Dionísio L. , Matos T. J. S. , Patarata L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMorcela de Arroz (MA) is a popular cooked blood and rice sausage produced in the Monchique region, south of Portugal, whose characteristics are not well known and no data are available about its sensory characteristics. The aim of this study was to build up terminology to develop a quantitative descriptive analysis for MA from Monchique region in comparison with other blood and rice sausages, in order to improve its sensory description.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides the necessary lexicon to be used in quantitative descriptive analysis of Morcela de Arroz (MA), particularly to discriminate the origin of the product. That lexicon will allow the characterization of traditional MA viewing to apply for one of the European Community (EC) special labels certification: Protected Designation of Origin or Protected Geographical Indication. The list of selected descriptors and references should help researchers to elucidate about the factors which influence typical appearance, odor, flavor and texture, and also to improve sensory quality control in this type of meat products.
Application of Maximum Likelihood Estimation for First Serving Order Bias Adjustment
Authors: Kwak Han Sub , Meullenet Jean‐François , Lee Youngseung 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMaximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is one of the statistical models to estimate parameters or missing values.MLEapproach in minimizing first serving order bias (FSOB) was investigated. Two different consumer studies with three wheat breads and nine bean products were performed. To testMLE, consumer ratings of the first product were eliminated from the data, and imputed byMLE. Regression imputation was used to estimate means and intercepts, after the model parameters were set equal to theirMLE. Significantly higher overall liking (OL) ratings were observed for products presented in the first order, whereas no significant serving order effects onOLwere observed afterMLEadjustment. Uneven consumer distribution in the consumer segmentations for unadjusted data sets revealed that actual segments of consumers might overlap with the existence of theFSOB, while theMLEapproach showed different consumer segmentation patterns. TheMLEapproach did not distort the overall interpretation of the consumer preference, in comparison with the original data sets, by the principal component analysis. TheMLEapproach for eliminatingFSOBwas shown to be effective, especially in cases where it is necessary to adjust first‐order products at the individual consumer level.Practical ApplicationsThe first serving order bias (FSOB) is often seen in consumer testing, which hedonically evaluates samples that are presented in a sequential monadic design. It could inflate the experimental error variance, resulting in the delivery of inaccurate consumer acceptances. In the present study, we introduce a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)‐based approach to minimize theFSOB. This method was proven to be quite robust and easy to perform to treat theFSOBin an effective fashion, and it is not detrimental to consumers' preference patterns, compared with the original data set. In particular, this method would be useful when specific products showing theFSOBexist in multiple products assessment, and only those products need to be selectively adjusted.
The Relationship between Self-Estimated Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and International Prostate Symptom Score in Middle-Aged Men Complaining of Ejaculating Prematurely in China
Authors: Zhang Xiansheng , Tang Dongdong , Xu Chuan , Gao P.a.n. , Hao Zongyao , Zhou J.u.n. , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Some factors associated with the four premature ejaculation (PE) syndromes have been studied, but the association between International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the four PE syndromes has not been investigated.

Aims
We performed this study to evaluate the association between IPSS and intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) in men with the four PE syndromes.

Methods
From June 2012 to January 2014, a total of 690 men aged 40–59 years complaining of ejaculating prematurely and another 452 male healthy subjects of the same age without these complaints were included in this study. Men with the complaints of ejaculating prematurely were classified as one of the four PE syndromes: lifelong PE, acquired PE (APE), variable PE, and subjective PE. Each of them completed a detailed questionnaire including information on demographics, medical and sexual history (e.g., self-estimated IELT), IPSS, and International Index of Erectile Function-5.

Main Outcome Measures
Associations between IPSS and self-estimated IELT in middle-aged men with the four PE syndromes.

Results
Men complaining of ejaculating prematurely reported higher IPSS (11.2 ± 6.0 vs. 5.5 ± 3.3) and shorter self-estimated IELT (2.1 ± 1.6 minutes vs. 4.8 ± 3.3) than men without complaints (P &lt; 0.001 for each). By unilabiate analysis, self-estimated IELT in men with the four PE syndromes showed significant correlations with IPSS (P &lt; 0.001 for all). After adjusting for age, self-estimated IELT was negatively associated with IPSS in men with PE complaints (adjusted r = −0.378, P &lt; 0.001). Also, the association was stronger in men with APE (adjusted r = −0.502, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Men complaining of ejaculating prematurely reported worse IPSS than men without these complaints. Self-estimated IELT was negatively associated with IPSS in men complaining of ejaculating prematurely, and the correlation was the strongest in men with APE.
Children with cerebral palsy: why are they awake at night? A pilot study
Authors: Petersen Sacha , Harvey Adrienne , Reddihough Dinah , Newall Fiona 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess acceptability of study design and utility of assessment tools for determining causes of sleep disturbance in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and their caregivers.Design and MethodsThis pilot study explored parental report (n = 8) of the child's sleep using a validated sleep questionnaire, a survey, and a time use diary.ResultsThe selected tools were appropriate. Study design provided challenges for recruitment. Future research should include qualitative data.Practice ImplicationsAlthough further research is required to confirm results, sleep problems for children with CP and resulting sleep disturbances for caregivers may be an important part of clinical assessment.
Behavioural syndromes and structural and temporal consistency of behavioural traits in a social lizard
Authors: McEvoy J. , While G. M. , Sinn D. L. , Carver S. , Wapstra E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how behavioural traits co‐vary within and between individuals is a major aim of behavioural ecologists working across a wide range of taxa. Here we attempted to measure five key behavioural traits (aggression, boldness, exploration, activity and sociability) in a native Australian social skink, Egernia whitii. Specifically, we documented the temporal consistency of trait structural definition, the temporal consistency of trait expression and the relationships between behavioural traits (i.e. behavioural syndromes). We found (1) that the structural consistency of some traits (boldness), but not others (aggressiveness and exploration), changed across time and according to sex (i.e. the relationship between the raw behaviours that were measured in the boldness assay was different for males and females); (2) that three of the five behavioural traits exhibited moderate‐to‐high adjusted repeatability while two were not repeatable; (3) covariances between behavioural traits were weak to non‐existent and did not support the presence of any behavioural syndromes. These results indicate that structural consistency of traits or the behavioural ‘definition’ of an aggregate score is potentially variable over time. This may limit inference on any subsequent estimates of repeatability of behavioural traits, as well as estimates of potential syndromes. Repeatability of behavioural traits may reflect underlying ecological importance, or measurement processes, and lack of behavioural syndromes may reflect lack of selection pressure for trait covariance. Studies examining multiple behavioural traits under a measurement as well as an ecological framework are crucial to make meaningful inferences regarding the ecological and evolutionary significance of behavioural traits.
Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Prolift Transvaginal Mesh for Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: SONG Wan , KIM Tae Heon , CHUNG Jin Woo , CHO Won Jin , LEE Ha Na , LEE Young Suk , LEE Kyu‐Sung 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes of the Prolift Transvaginal Mesh for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with regard to safety and satisfaction.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 163 patients who underwent POP repair with Prolift Transvaginal Mesh between December 2005 and March 2012. An “optimal” anatomic outcome was defined as Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP‐Q) stage 0, and a “satisfactory” anatomic outcome was defined as POP‐Q stage 1.ResutsA total of 163 patients were included in this study, with a mean age (range) of 61.6 (35–83) years. An anterior mesh was used in 110 patients, and combined anterior and posterior mesh was used in 53 patients. The mean follow‐up period after POP repair was 40.4 (12–63) months. Optimal anatomic outcomes for anterior, apical, and posterior prolapse were achieved in 55.9, 69.2, and 65.8% of cases, respectively. Optimal or satisfactory anatomic outcomes for anterior, apical, and posterior prolapse occurred in 76.7, 85.0, and 82.5% of cases, respectively. Mean values for points in the POP‐Q, urinary distress inventory (UDI), and pelvic organ prolapsed distress inventory (POPDI) in the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) were all significantly improved after the operation. The overall satisfaction rate for the operation was 84.7%. Five patients (3.1%) were diagnosed with vaginal erosion and treated with partial excision of the mesh without evidence of infection.ConclusionsPelvic organ prolapse repair using Prolift Transvaginal Mesh is an effective and safe procedure without significant complications.
Observations on changes in abundance of questing Ixodes ricinus, castor bean tick, over a 35‐year period in the eastern part of its range (Russia, Tula region)
Authors: KOROTKOV YU. , KOZLOVA T. , KOZLOVSKAYA L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIxodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) L. transmit a wide variety of pathogens to vertebrates including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. Understanding of the epidemiology of tick‐borne infections requires basic knowledge of the regional and local factors influencing tick population dynamics. The present study describes the results of monitoring of a questing I. ricinus population, conducted over 35 years (1977–2011) in the eastern, poorly studied part of its range (Russia, Tula region). We have found that the multiannual average abundance of ticks is small and varies depending on the biotope and degree of urban transformation. Tick abundance for the first 14 years of observations (1977–1990) was at the lower limit of the sensitivity of our methods throughout the study area (0.1–0.9 specimens per 1‐km transect). In the following 21 years (1991–2011), a manifold increase in abundance was observed, which reached 18.1 ± 1.8 individuals per 1‐km transect in moist floodplain terraces, and 4.8 ± 0.9 in xerophylic hill woods. Long‐term growth of tick abundance occurred in spite of a relatively constant abundance of small mammals and only minor fluctuations in the abundance of large wild animals. Climate and anthropogenic changes appear to be the main contributors to increased abundance of the tick.
Newman and Contemporary Debates about Catholic Education
Authors: Whittle Sean 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In a recent contribution to this journal Loughlin (2011) reflected on
the place of wonder in Newman's education. This instructive piece followed a
pattern in which Newman is regarded as having made positive contributions to
educational debates. It is this pattern or assumption about Newman's
contribution to education, particularly for the theory or philosophy of
Catholic education that will be the focus in this article. It will be
explained that there is some ambiguity over how much Newman's arguments for
liberal education are actually grounded in more general theological
arguments about the distinctive nature of Catholic education. In what
follows it will be argued that a more general analysis of Newman on
education draws attention to a wider issue concerning what ought to be the
relationship between theology and the theory or philosophy of education. It
will be proposed that Newman down played the role of theology in defending
liberal education and this has implications for those who might want to
appeal to him now in terms of guiding debates about the philosophy of
Catholic education.
Religiously We Dwell: Heidegger's Later Contribution to Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Rogers Brian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Enlightenment has bequeathed to us the notion that religion can be treated as an object of theoretical inquiry, giving rise to the “secular” concept of religion as a field of meaning or truth-content that is (ideally) isolable from the particular practices that constitute religious worship. I argue that the later Heidegger's “poetic” thought disrupts the paradigm underlying the secular concept of religion and points us toward an alternative understanding of religion as tantamount to being-in-the-world. Heidegger thus opens the way for post-secular reflection on the transformative potential of religion in human culture.
Hyperglycemia‐induced small intestinal dysrhythmias attributed to sympathovagal imbalance in normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Ouyang X. , Li S. , Foreman R. , Farber J. , Lin L. , Yin J. , Chen J. D. Z. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia is known to induce dysrhythmias in the stomach; however, it is unknown whether they are also induced in the small intestine. Autonomic dysfunction is commonly noted in diabetes but the role it plays in hyperglycemia‐induced dysrhythmias remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of hyperglycemia on intestinal myoelectrical activity and the role of autonomic functions in hyperglycemia.MethodsSmall intestinal myoelectrical activity (slow wave and spike activity) and autonomic functions (assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability) were measured in Goto‐Kakizaki diabetic rats and control rats treated with acute glucagon. Blood glucose was measured and its correlation with intestinal slow waves was determined.Key Results(1) The diabetic rats showed reduced regularity in intestinal slow waves in fasting and fed states (p < 0.001 for both), and increased sympathovagal balance (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control rats. The regularity in intestinal slow waves was negatively correlated with the HbA1c level in all rats (r = −0.663, p = 0.000). (2) Glucagon injection in the control rats induced transient hyperglycemia, intestinal slow wave dysrhythmias and impaired autonomic functions, similar to those observed in the diabetic rats. The increase in blood glucose was correlated with the decrease in the regularity of intestinal slow waves (r = −0.739, p = 0.015).Conclusions & InferencesBoth spontaneous and glucagon‐induced hyperglycemia results in slow wave dysrhythmias in the small intestine. Impairment in autonomic functions (increased sympathovagal balance) may play a role in hyperglycemia‐induced dysrhythmias.
An integrated functional approach to dissect systemic responses in maize to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: GERLACH NINA , SCHMITZ JESSICA , POLATAJKO ALEKSANDRA , SCHLÜTER URTE , FAHNENSTICH HOLGER , WITT SANDRA , FERNIE ALISDAIR R. , UROIC KALLE , SCHOLZ UWE , SONNEWALD UWE , BUCHER MARCEL 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost terrestrial plants benefit from the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) mainly under nutrient‐limited conditions. Here the crop plant Zea mays was grown with and without AMF in a bi‐compartmented system separating plant and phosphate (Pi) source by a hyphae‐permeable membrane. Thus, Pi was preferentially taken up via the mycorrhizal Pi uptake pathway while other nutrients were ubiquitously available. To study systemic effects of mycorrhizal Pi uptake on leaf status, leaves of these plants that display an increased biomass in the presence of AMF were subjected to simultaneous ionomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. We observed robust changes of the leaf elemental composition, that is, increase of P, S and Zn and decrease of Mn, Co and Li concentration in mycorrhizal plants. Although changes in anthocyanin and lipid metabolism point to an improved P status, a global increase in C versus N metabolism highlights the redistribution of metabolic pools including carbohydrates and amino acids. Strikingly, an induction of systemic defence gene expression and concomitant accumulation of secondary metabolites such as the terpenoids alpha‐ and beta‐amyrin suggest priming of mycorrhizal maize leaves as a mycorrhiza‐specific response. This work emphasizes the importance of AM symbiosis for the physiological status of plant leaves and could lead to strategies for optimized breeding of crop species with high growth potential.
Deconvolution of pigment and physiologically related photochemical reflectance index variability at the canopy scale over an entire growing season
Authors: HMIMINA G. , MERLIER E. , DUFRÊNE E. , SOUDANI K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe sensitivity of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to leaf pigmentation and its impacts on its potential as a proxy for light‐use efficiency (LUE) have recently been shown to be problematic at the leaf scale. Most leaf‐to‐leaf and seasonal variability can be explained by such a confounding effect. This study relies on the analysis of PRI light curves that were generated at the canopy scale under natural conditions to derive a precise deconvolution of pigment‐related and physiologically related variability in the PRI. These sources of variability were explained by measured or estimated physiologically relevant variables, such as soil water content, that can be used as indicators of water availability and canopy chlorophyll content. The PRI mainly reflected the variability in the pigment content of the canopy. However, the corrected PRI, which was obtained by subtracting the pigment‐related seasonal variability from the PRI measurement, was highly correlated with the upscaled LUE measurements. Moreover, the sensitivity of the PRI to the leaf pigment content may mask the PRI versus LUE relationship or result in an artificial relationship that reflects the relationship of chlorophyll versus LUE, depending on the species phenology.