bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive output feedback dynamic surface control of stochastic nonlinear systems with state and input unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Xia Xiaonan , Zhang Tianping , Zhu Jiaming , Yi Yang 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive neural output feedback control scheme is investigated for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with unmeasured states and four kinds of uncertainties including uncertain nonlinear function, dynamic disturbance, input unmodeled dynamics, and stochastic inverse dynamics. The unmeasured states are estimated by K‐filters, and stochastic inverse dynamics is dealt with by constructing a changing supply function. The considered input unmodeled dynamic subsystem possesses nonlinear feature, and a dynamic normalization signal is introduced to counteract the unstable effect produced by the input unmodeled dynamics. Combining dynamic surface control technique with stochastic input‐to‐state stability, small‐gain condition, and Chebyshev's inequality, the designed robust adaptive controller can guarantee that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability, and the error signals are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square or the sense of four‐moment. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Formation of N‐Heteroarenes from Nitroarenes using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as the Source of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Zhou Fei , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Driver Tom G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe development of a method that employs a two‐chamber reaction vessel and uses molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] as the carbon monoxide (CO) source for the palladium‐catalyzed transformation of nitroarenes into indoles or imidazoles is reported. The scope and limitations of our method are illustrated with 23 examples. Experiments that indicate the mechanism of the CH bond amination reaction to be stepwise are also reported.magnified image
Nanoskalige Oberflächenstrukturierung mittels Atomlagenabscheidung
Authors: Sobel Nicolas , Hess Christian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDas Interesse an der kontrollierten Strukturierung von Oberflächen ergibt sich aus einer Vielzahl von Bereichen, welche die mikroelektronische Bauelementherstellung, optische Geräte, Biosensorik, (Elektro‐, Photo‐)Katalyse, Batterien, Solarzellen, Brennstoffzellen und Sorption einschließen. Ein einzigartiges Merkmal der Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) besteht darin, dass konforme, gleichmäßige Beschichtungen auf beliebig geformten Materialien mit kontrollierten atomaren Schichtdicken erhalten werden können. In diesem Kurzaufsatz diskutieren wir das Potenzial der ALD zur nanoskaligen Strukturierung von Oberflächen und betonen dabei die vielseitigen Anwendungen im Hinblick auf die Strukturierung planarer und pulverförmiger Substrate. Berücksichtigt man die jüngsten Fortschritte bei der Anwendung der ALD auf poröse Substrate, ist nun sogar die nanoskalige Strukturierung von Materialien mit großer spezifischer Oberfläche realisierbar. Dies ermöglicht neuartige Anwendungen, beispielsweise auf den Gebieten der Katalyse und der regenerativen Energien.
Ein Auxiliartyp für die native chemische Peptidligation jenseits von Cystein und Glycin
Authors: Loibl Simon F. , Harpaz Ziv , Seitz Oliver 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUm den Anwendungsbereich der nativen chemischen Ligation über N‐terminale Cysteinreste hinaus zu erweitern, wurden bislang thiolfunktionalisierte Auxiliare verwendet. Allerdings sind die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten mit den bisher eingesetzten Auxiliaren vom N‐Benzyl‐Typ eher gering. Um die Bindungsspaltung durch eine radikalische Fragmentierungsreaktion zu initiieren, wurde nun ein neues Auxiliar entwickelt, das in Gegenwart von TCEP und Morpholin unter mild basischen Bedingungen (pH 8.5) abgespalten wird. Das 2‐Mercapto‐2‐phenethyl‐Auxiliar ist anders als früher beschriebene Auxiliare nicht auf glycinhaltige Schnittstellen beschränkt, sondern ermöglicht auch sterisch anspruchsvolle Peptidligationen. Das Auxiliar wird in hoher Ausbeute durch reduktive Aminierung mit kommerziell erhältlichen Aminosäurebausteinen an der Festphase eingeführt. Der präparative Nutzen der Methode wird durch die Synthese der antimikrobiellen Proteine DCD‐1L und Opistoporin‐2 demonstriert.
Application of a fluorescent biosensor based‐on magneto‐γ‐Fe2O3–methyldopa nanoparticles for adsorption of human serum albumin
Authors: Shahabadi Nahid , Maghsudi Maryam , Shiri Farshad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnderstanding and controlling the interaction between the polymer methyldopa (2‐amino‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐methyl‐propanoic acid) (PMDP)–γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles and biological fluids is important if the potential of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedicine is to be realized. Physicochemical studies on the interactions between proteins and NPs are influenced by the surface properties of the NPs. To identify the effects of the NP surface, interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and PMDP–γ‐Fe2O3 NPs were investigated. Here, the adsorption of HSA onto small (10–30 nm diameter) PMDP–γ‐Fe2O3 NPs was quantitatively analyzed using spectroscopic methods. The fluorescence quenching data were checked for the inner‐filter effect, the main confounding factor in the observed quenching. The binding constants, Ka, were calculated at different temperatures, using a nonlinear fit to the experimental data, and the thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆S and ∆G were given. The obtained thermodynamic signature suggests that hydrophobic interactions at least are present. This result indicates that the structure of the protein turns from a structureless denatured state at pH 3 into an ordered biologically active native state on addition of PMDP–γ‐Fe2O3 NPs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
Authors: Rubin Giulia , Spagnut Giulia , Morandi Francesco , Valerio Enrico , Cutrone Mario 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageSubcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is a rare fat tissue inflammation of the newborn. Risk factors include cord prolapse, perinatal asphyxia, therapeutic hypothermia, meconium aspiration, and sepsis. When present, hypercalcemia comes with lethargy, hypotonia, irritability, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, constipation, and dehydration. Kidney injury must be avoided. SCFN is often completely autoresolutive.
Elderly‐onset degenerative “lumbar spondylotic myelopathy” in a patient with a low‐placed spinal cord successfully treated by laminotomy: a case report
Authors: Hashimoto Ko , Tsubakino Takumi , Hoshikawa Takeshi , Nakagawa Tomowaki , Inawashiro Takashi , Kokubun Shoichi , Itoi Eiji , Tanaka Yasuhisa 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageThe authors report a rare case of elderly‐onset “lumbar spondylotic myelopathy” occurred on a low‐placed spinal cord compressed at multiple levels with thickened ligamenta flava. A posterior decompression surgery could alleviate neurological symptoms successfully instead of untethering of the spinal cord, a widely accepted surgery for tethered cord.
Superior Electrochemical Properties of Nanofibers Composed of Hollow CoFe2O4 Nanospheres Covered with Onion‐Like Graphitic Carbon
Authors: Hong Young Jun , Cho Jung Sang , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNanofibers composed of hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres covered with onion‐like carbon are prepared by applying nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion to the electrospinning process. Amorphous carbon nanofibers embedded with CoFe2@onion‐like carbon nanospheres are prepared by reduction of the electrospun nanofibers. Oxidation of the CoFe2‐C nanofibers at 300 °C under a normal atmosphere produces porous nanofibers composed of hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres covered with onion‐like carbon. CoFe2 nanocrystals are transformed into the hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres during oxidation through a well‐known nanoscale Kirkendall diffusion process. The discharge capacities of the carbon‐free CoFe2O4 nanofibers composed of hollow nanospheres and the nanofibers composed of hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres covered with onion‐like carbon are 340 and 930 mA h g−1, respectively, for the 1000th cycle at a current density of 1 A g−1. The nanofibers composed of hollow CoFe2O4 nanospheres covered with onion‐like carbon exhibit an excellent rate performance even in the absence of conductive materials.
Azaphilic versus Carbophilic Coupling at CN Bonds: Key Steps in Titanium‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Roth Torsten , Wadepohl Hubert , Clot Eric , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractConsecutive C‐ and N‐arylation of N‐heterocyclic nitriles is mediated by titanium(IV) alkoxides. The carbo‐ and azaphilic arylation step may be separated by choosing the order in which the two equivalents of aryl transfer reagent are added. In the course of this transformation, the ancillary N‐heterocycle acts as both a directing anchor group and electron reservoir. In the selectivity‐determining step, the selectivity is governed by a choice between (direct) C‐ and Ti‐arylation; the latter opens up a reaction pathway that allows further migration to the nitrogen atom. The isolation of metal‐containing aggregates from the reaction mixture and computational studies gave insights into the reaction mechanism. Subsequently, a multicomponent one‐pot protocol was devised to rapidly access complex quaternary carbon centers.
NIR‐to‐NIR Two‐Photon Scanning Laser Microscopy Imaging of Single Nanoparticles Doped by YbIII Complexes
Authors: Bourdolle Adrien , D'Aléo Anthony , Philippot Cécile , Baldeck Patrice L. , Guyot Yannick , Dubois Fabien , Ibanez Alain , Andraud Chantal , Brasselet Sophie , Maury Olivier 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of water‐soluble chromophore‐functionalised tris‐dipicolinate complexes [LnL3]3− (Ln=Yb and Nd) are thoroughly studied, revealing that only the YbIII luminescence can be sensitized by a two‐photon excitation process. The stability of the complex in water is strongly enhanced by embedding in dispersible organosilicate nanoparticles (NPs). Finally, the spectroscopic properties of [NBu4]3[YbL3] are studied in solution and in the solid state. The high brightness of the NPs allows imaging them as single objects using a modified two‐photon microscopy setup in a NIR‐to‐NIR configuration.
Analytical approaches for measuring pesticides, mycotoxins and heavy metals in vegetable oils: A review
Authors: Ma Fei , Wu Rao , Li Peiwu , Yu Li 
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, consumers are concerned about the toxicological implications and in a great demand for more information about the presence of organic residues and contaminants in vegetable oils. Pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and heavy metals can be readily accumulated in vegetable oil during the cultivation, processing and storage. Those chemical contaminants or its metabolites are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxic, which result in serious damages to human health. With public health and economic losses considered, many analytical methods have been reported for the determination of chemical contaminants in vegetable oils. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the historical and current methods for the determination of contaminants in oil samples, discuss and evaluate the features, advantages and limitations, and finally outline the prospects for the multi‐class chemical contaminants determination in vegetable oils.Practical applications: Different strategies and advantages of analytical methods for determination of chemical contaminants in vegetable oils are discussed and evaluated. The features and the prospects are useful for the development of the multi‐class methodology in lipid matrix.Vegetable oils are widely used for cooking and processing in the food industry, meeting dietary demands. Major chemical contaminants, such as pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and heavy metals, are commonly found in vegetable oils. In this review, we provide an update on the historical and current methods for the determination of contaminants in oil samples, discuss and evaluate different analytical methods and techniques, and finally outline the prospects for the determination of major chemical contaminants in vegetable oils.
An Enantiopure 5,5′‐Bitetracene
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Miyaji Ryutaro , Yamamoto Yuta , Inoue Masataka , Wakamatsu Kan , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo 5,5′‐bitetracene derivatives were synthesized from tetracenone in three steps as novel axially chiral biaryls. The enantiomers of 12,12′‐bis(phenylethynyl) derivative were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC. Their absolute stereochemistry was determined by theoretical calculations of the CD spectra using the time‐dependent (TD) DFT method.
Proliferative events and apoptotic remodelling in retinal development of common toad (Bufo bufo)
Authors: Pinelli Claudia , Sansone Alfredo , De Maio Anna , Morgillo Antonietta , Scandurra Anna , D'Aniello Biagio 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTProliferation and apoptosis are fundamental processes in the development of the retina, and a proper balance of the two phenomena is crucial to correct development of the organ. Despite intense investigation in different vertebrates, only a few studies have analyzed the cell death and the cell division quantitatively in the same species during development. Here we studied the time course of apoptosis and proliferation in the retina of common toad, Bufo bufo, and discuss the findings in an evolutionary perspective. We found cells that were dividing first scattered throughout the retina, then, in later stages, proliferation was confined to the ciliary marginal zone. This pattern was confirmed by the expression of the proliferative marker PCNA. Both proliferation and apoptosis occurred in successive waves, and two apoptotic peaks were detected: one at premetamorphosis 1 and the second at prometamorphosis. PARP‐1, a known molecular marker of apoptosis, was used to confirm the data obtained by counting pyknotic nuclei. In summary, proliferative and apoptotic waves display an inverse time‐relationship through development, with apoptotic peaks coinciding with low proliferation phases. In a comparative perspective, amphibians follow a developmental pattern similar to other vertebrates, although with different timing. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 326B:19–30, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regioregular Polythiophene–Porphyrin Supramolecular Copolymers for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Chevrier Michèle , Kesters Jurgen , Blayo Camille , Richeter Sébastien , Van Der Lee Arie , Coulembier Olivier , Surin Mathieu , Mehdi Ahmad , Lazzaroni Roberto , Evans Rachel C. , Maes Wouter , Dubois Philippe , Clément Sébastien 
Published: November 2015

Conjugated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) copolymer derivatives containing 10% appended porphyrin moieties are prepared using a supramolecular approach toward applications in organic electro­nics. The self‐assembled polythiophene–porphyrin copolymers are synthesized by coordination of the porphyrinato central zinc ions to the imidazole‐functionalized polythiophene side chains. Evidence for the self‐assembly process is provided by 1H NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and optical absorption studies on model compounds. The polythiophene–porphyrin copolymers show an extended absorption window in the region of 420–650 nm due to the contribution of the porphyrin. Photoluminescence studies indicate concentration‐dependent energy transfer from P3HT to the porphyrin. Preliminary photovoltaic studies are performed by combining the polythiophene–porphyrin copolymers with PC61BM in the photo­active layer of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
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A coupled two‐phase fluid flow and elastoplastic deformation model for unsaturated soils: theory, implementation, and application
Authors: Hu Ran , Chen Yi‐Feng , Liu Hui‐Hai , Zhou Chuang‐Bing 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAlthough numerous numerical models have been proposed for simulating the coupled hydromechanical behaviors in unsaturated soils, few studies satisfactorily reproduced the soil–water–air three‐phase coupling processes. Particularly, the impacts of deformation dependence of water retention curve, bonding stress, and gas flow on the coupled processes were less examined within a coupled soil–water–air model. Based on our newly developed constitutive models (Hu et al., 2013, 2014, 2015) in which the soil–water–air couplings have been appropriately captured, this study develops a computer code named F2Mus3D to investigate the coupled processes with a focus on the above impacts. In the numerical implementation, the generalized‐α time integration scheme was adopted to solve the equations, and a return‐mapping implicit stress integration scheme was used to update the state variables. The numerical model was verified by two well‐designed laboratory tests and was applied for modeling the coupled elastoplastic deformation and two‐phase fluid flow processes in a homogenous soil slope induced by rainfall infiltration. The simulation results demonstrated that the numerical model well reproduces the initiation of a sheared zone at the toe of the slope and its propagation toward the crest as the rain infiltration proceeds, which manifests a typical mechanism for rainfall‐induced shallow landslides. The simulated plastic strain and deformation would be remarkably underestimated when the bonding stress and/or the deformation‐dependent nature of hydraulic properties are ignored in the coupled model. But on the contrary, the negligence of gas flow in the slope soil results in an overestimation of the rainfall‐induced deformation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case study of a low‐voltage distribution grid with high PV penetration in Germany and simulation analyses of cost‐effective measures
Authors: Carigiet Fabian , Niedrist Markus , Scheuermann Christian , Baumgartner Franz 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe low‐voltage distribution grid in Dettighofen, Germany was analysed regarding load flows and the voltage behaviour because of decentralised photovoltaic (PV) power generation. High load flow fluctuations of 400 kW within 25 min were observed in the more critical western part of the grid. During the night, the average base and the peak load obtained from the medium voltage grid was 55.8 and 150 kW, respectively. On certain days, the transformer (400 kVA) fed with rated power into the medium‐voltage grid. The relative voltage rise on the transformer was between 2% and 3%. A critical situation was found at a distribution box with two long stubs and a total PV installation power of 99.3 kWp. The load flows caused a relative voltage rise of 4.5% on a day with clear sky, and there was a voltage peak slightly above 110% on a day with high fluctuating irradiance. In a second step, load flow simulations with NEPLAN were performed to analyse three different voltage reducing measures. The relative voltage rise could be reduced by 3% with an active power curtailment ratio of 70% together with reactive power control (cosφ of 0.95 and cosφ of 0.9 at p > 13.8kW). Peak shifting with battery storage leads to the same reduction if the power that exceeds 40% of the rated PV power is shifted. The average costs of limiting the active power to 70% are 1.45 ct/kWh compared with €3.11/kWh for peak shifting with commercial available lead‐acid batteries. This is due to the low number of storage cycles resulting in high costs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involving user perspective in a software risk management process
Authors: Lindholm Christin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMore and more user groups are using medical devices. Heart starters are, for example, available in public places and used by non‐professionals. Different mobile medical applications, designed to help people manage their own health, are now being added to the medical device spectra. Users handling medical devices make errors, but by involving users in the risk management process, it is possible to lower the risk of these errors. This paper presents an evaluation of the value of complementing a traditional risk management process with an emphasised user perspective. A medical device software risk management framework is being designed, and the risk management process should be regarded as the first part of the framework. The main goal of the evaluated risk management process is to integrate users and user perspective into the risk management process. The results indicate that the use of use cases as input at risk meetings makes the discussions more focused, saving effort and time. When users attend the risk meetings, user perspective and domain knowledge are brought into the process, affecting risk identification and risk assessment. The results also show that the use of usability testing gives valuable input to the risk management process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined PIXE and X‐ray diffraction analysis of accretionary lapilli from the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary El Guayal Section, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Bucio L. , Ruvalcaba‐Sil J. L. , Thions C. , Urrutia‐Fucugauchi J. , Orozco E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBy employing the techniques, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE), it could be obtained in a simply way an overall vision of the structure and chemical composition of a spheroid (lapillus) collected in the K/Pg deposit located at the place called El Guayal in Tabasco, Mexico. The XRPD analysis indicates the presence of an amorphous and four crystalline phases (quartz, calcite, ankerite, and montmorillonite) in the spheroid. None sulfur crystalline phases were detected. PIXE results show the presence of different atoms in a weight percentage that follows the sequence: Si > Al > Ca > Fe > Sr > Cu > Ti > Mn > Y > Rb > Zn > Pb. None of platinum group elements were detected.PIXE analysis by of the lapillus shows the presence of the most abundant atoms in the Earth's crust, but in this case, the relative abundance Fe‐Ca is inverted, and the Sr/Rb proportion is considerably higher than that observed in the crust. Additionally, nor sulfur or any of the platinum group elements was detected in the lapillus. Except for the case of trace elements detected, in general, no characteristic pattern is observed in the distribution of the most abundant elements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.