bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and outcome of community‐acquired acute kidney injury
Authors: Talabani Bnar , Zouwail Soha , Pyart Rhodri D , Meran Soma , Riley Stephen G , Phillips Aled O 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimsVery little data exist regarding community‐acquired acute renal injury (CA‐AKI). We have identified and characterized a patient cohort with CA‐AKI, and documented its impact on renal function and patient mortality.MethodsUsing the database of the Medical Biochemistry Department of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board we identified all patients with CA‐AKI over a 1 month period in 2009. Follow‐up biochemical and clinical data were used to determine short‐term (3 months) and long‐term (3 years) outcomes. Comparisons were made to a random and an age/sex matched group.ResultsPatients with CA‐AKI were older than a non‐AKI cohort (70.3 vs 57.1 years; P < 0.0001), with a 61% male predominance. 38% had pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with 25% in the age‐ and sex‐matched non‐CA‐AKI cohort (P = 0.007). 54% of CA‐AKI were admitted for inpatient care. Admission was associated with a higher incidence of complete recovery of renal function. Mortality at 3 months was 16.5%, and was related to the severity of AKI. Over the 3 years of follow‐up 71% of patients with CA‐AKI developed progressive CKD which was more likely following incomplete/no recovery of renal function and in the context of pre‐existing CKD. Three year mortality was 45%, which was higher than that of the age/sex matched control cohort (15.7%; P < 0.0001), but was not related to the development of progressive CKD.ConclusionsCA‐AKI carries significant implications in terms of both development of progressive renal disease and high long‐term patient mortality.
Models and activities of critical care outreach in New Zealand hospitals: results of a national census
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Psirides Alex , Coombs Maureen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo review clinical models and activities of critical care outreach (CCO) in New Zealand public hospitals.MethodsData were collected using a two‐stage process. Stage 1 consisted of a cross‐sectional descriptive online survey distributed to nurse managers of all CCO in New Zealand. Stage 2 requested that all respondent sites supply outreach documentation for analysis.ResultsTwenty acute care public hospitals replied to the data request (100%). Nine hospitals (45%) had CCO and completed the survey. There was considerable diversity in the models of CCO used. All nine hospitals had CCO that were nurse‐led; 66% of these had intensive care medical input. There was variation in the size and scope of each CCO with only 4 (44%) sites providing 24‐h clinical cover. The majority of referral requests made to CCO were for ward‐based reviews (mean: 57%) and intensive care discharge reviews (mean: 31%). The most frequently performed activity was provision of support to ward staff (89%). All CCO routinely collected data on activities across a range of clinical areas.ConclusionLess than half of the public hospitals in New Zealand have a CCO service despite national recommendations that every hospital utilize one to support deteriorating ward patients. New Zealand hospitals that have critical care outreach have adopted recognized international models and adapted these to meet local demands. Whilst the evidence base demonstrating impact of critical care outreach continues to be established, international support for critical care outreach continues. Given this, critical care outreach should be more widely available 24/7 and activities standardized across New Zealand to align with national recommendations.Relevance to clinical practiceCritical care outreach service models and activities in New Zealand hospitals continue to be diverse. Awareness of these variances will help influence critical care outreach service development and regional integration.
Fuelling genetic and metabolic exploration of C3 bioenergy crops through the first reference transcriptome of Arundo donax L.
Authors: Sablok Gaurav , Fu Yuan , Bobbio Valentina , Laura Marina , Rotino Giuseppe L. , Bagnaresi Paolo , Allavena Andrea , Velikova Violeta , Viola Roberto , Loreto Francesco , Li Mingai , Varotto Claudio 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe development of inexpensive and highly productive biomass sources of biofuel is a priority in global climate change biology. Arundo donax, also known as the giant reed, is recognized as one of the most promising nonfood bioenergy crops in Europe. Despite its relevance, to date no genomic resources are available to support the characterization of the developmental, adaptive and metabolic traits underlying the high productivity of this nonmodel species. We hereby present the first report on the de novo assembly of bud, culm, leaf and root transcriptomes of A. donax, which can be accessed through a customized BLAST server (http://ecogenomics.fmach.it/arundo/) for mining and exploring the genetic potential of this species. Based on functional annotation and homology comparison to 19 prospective biofuel Poaceae species, we provide the first genomic view of this so far unexplored crop and indicate the model species with highest potential for comparative genomics approaches. The analysis of the transcriptome reveals strong differences in the enrichment of the Gene Ontology categories and the relative expression among different organs, which can guide future efforts for functional genomics or genetic improvement of A. donax. A set of homologs to key genes involved in lignin, cellulose, starch, lipid metabolism and in the domestication of other crops is discussed to provide a platform for possible enhancement of productivity and saccharification efficiency in A. donax.
Some Reflections around the Concept of Value: On Valéry's Claim that Philosophy is Poetry
Authors: Weil Simone 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn response to Paul Valéry's claim that “philosophy is poetry,” Simone Weil set out to examine the nature of philosophical thinking. She argues that it is above all concerned with value. In the course of her argument, she lays out the grammatical differences between thinking about value, and other epistemological endeavours. These differences mean that inconsistencies are not to be avoided in philosophy, and that philosophy is not a matter of system building. In the end, she also believes that thinking philosophically requires one to possess the value of detachment, and hence a readiness to be transformed.
Antibody‐mediated control of Trypanosoma vivax infection fails in the absence of tumour necrosis factor
Authors: La Greca F. , Haynes C. , Stijlemans B. , De Trez C. , Magez S. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTrypanosoma vivax causes a wasting disease affecting livestock breeding and agriculture in developing countries of sub‐Sahara Africa and South America. Being an extracellular parasite, control of T. vivax has been proposed to be mediated by host antibodies. However, the use of a comparative infection model of wild‐type (WT) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) knockout (TNF−/−) mice shows that the latter is unable to control first‐peak parasitaemia, despite the presence of specific antitrypanosome antibodies. In contrast, WT mice parasitaemia peak control coincides with a combined early onset of TNF production and induction of specific antibodies. TNF is mainly produced by liver‐associated monocytes and neutrophils. In this study, no other correlation between cellular immunomodulations and peak parasitaemia control was observed, underscoring the importance of the role of TNF in the control of T. vivax infections.
Dogs vaccinated with gentamicin‐attenuated Leishmania infantum or infected with wild‐type parasite can be distinguished by Western blotting
Authors: Daneshvar H. , Mahmmodi Z. , Kamiabi H. , Phillips R. S. , Burchmore R. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAn attenuated line of Leishmania infantum (the H‐line), developed through exposure to gentamicin, has been shown to protect dogs against canine visceral leishmaniasis. A specific diagnostic test to differentiate dogs vaccinated with the attenuated line from dogs infected with L. infantum wild‐type (L. infantum WT) could be a valuable tool in evaluating the effectiveness of canine vaccination. In this study, 28 healthy dogs were allocated into four groups. In Group I and Group II (eight dogs per group), dogs were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with L. infantum H‐line, and the dogs of Group II challenged s.c. with L. infantum WT, at 2 months post‐immunization. In Group III, eight animals were challenged s.c. with L. infantum WT, and four dogs of Group IV were injected s.c. with PBS. We found that sera from vaccinated dogs recognize a 21 kDa antigen of promastigotes of L. infantum H‐line but not of L. infantum WT, whereas sera from unvaccinated dogs challenged with L. infantum WT, recognized a 21 kDa antigen of promastigotes of L. infantum WT but not of L. infantum H‐line. Sera from dogs challenged with L. infantum WT with prior vaccination with L. infantum H‐line, recognized a 21 kDa antigen of both L. infantum WT and L. infantum H‐line. These results suggest that the Western blot analysis of antibodies against 21 kDa antigens of L. infantum H‐line and WT may be a useful technique for distinguishing between dogs vaccinated with L. infantum H‐line and dogs naturally infected with L. infantum WT.
Expression patterns of microRNAs in different organs and developmental stages of a superhybrid rice LYP9 and its parental lines
Authors: Li L. Y. , Yang C. , He Y. , Fang R. Q. , Tian Z. H. , Li J. X. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHeterosis is an important phenomenon, and the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis are still enigmatic. microRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in many aspects of plant development. A set of miRNAs was selected to investigate the roles of miRNAs in heterosis displayed in a superhybrid rice. We analysed the expression patterns of miRNAs in different organs and developmental stages of the superhybrid rice and its parental lines. All possible modes of miRNA action were observed, including additive, high‐ and low‐parent value, above high‐ and below low‐parent value. Different organs and developmental stages exhibited different modes of miRNA expression. Overall, the non‐additive mode is the predominant expression pattern of miRNAs observed in this superhybrid. Many heterotic QTL intervals harbour miRNAs, whose expression patterns reveal their specific roles in different organs and developmental stages. miRNAs regulate the expression levels of target genes that have important functions in plant development. The predominant non‐additive mode of miRNA expression pattern in the hybrid suggests that miRNAs play critical roles in hybrid development, in particular, those miRNAs located in the heterotic QTL intervals may have important roles in heterosis. Our research sheds new light on understanding of the molecular mechanisms of heterosis.
What's intact and what's not within the mismatch negativity system in schizophrenia
Authors: Todd Juanita , Whitson Lisa , Smith Ellen , Michie Patricia T. , Schall Ulrich , Ward Philip B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRepetitive patterning facilitates inferences about likely properties of sound to follow. Mismatch negativity (MMN) occurs when sound fails to match an inference. Smaller MMN in schizophrenia indexes deficient gain control (difference in utilizing a limited dynamic range). Although it is clear that this group has a lower limit to MMN size, this study addressed whether smaller MMN indicates impaired perceptual inference. MMN was elicited to four deviants in two sequences: one in which occurrence was random and one in which it was paired. Despite smaller MMN, persons with schizophrenia are equally able to reduce MMN size evoked by a deviant when its occurrence is cued. Results also expose alterations in the evoked response to repeated sounds that appear to be exacerbations of age‐related amplitude decline. Since these anomalies impact the computed MMN, they highlight the need to identify all contributions to limits in gain control in schizophrenia.
Smiling faces, sometimes they don't tell the truth: Facial expression in the ultimatum game impacts decision making and event‐related potentials
Authors: Mussel Patrick , Hewig Johannes , Allen John J. B. , Coles Michael G. H. , Miltner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFacial expressions are an important aspect of social interaction, conveying not only information regarding emotional states, but also regarding intentions, personality, and complex social characteristics. The present research investigates how a smiling, compared to a nonsmiling, expression impacts decision making and underlying cognitive and emotional processes in economic bargaining. Our results using the ultimatum game show that facial expressions have an impact on decision making as well as the feedback‐related negativity following the offer. Furthermore, a moderating effect of sex on decision making was observed, with differential effects of facial expressions from male compared to female proposers. It is concluded that predictions of bargaining behavior must account for aspects of social interactions as well as sex effects to obtain more precise estimates of behavior.
Diagnostic specificity and familiality of early versus late evoked potentials to auditory paired stimuli across the schizophrenia‐bipolar psychosis spectrum
Authors: Hamm Jordan P. , Ethridge Lauren E. , Boutros Nashaat N. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Sweeney John A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Tamminga Carol A. , Clementz Brett A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDisrupted sensory processing is a core feature of psychotic disorders. Auditory paired stimuli (PS) evoke a complex neural response, but it is uncertain which aspects reflect shared and/or distinct liability for the most common severe psychoses, schizophrenia (SZ) and psychotic bipolar disorder (BDP). Evoked time‐voltage/time‐frequency domain responses quantified with EEG during a typical PS paradigm (S1‐S2) were compared among proband groups (SZ [n = 232], BDP [181]), their relatives (SZrel [259], BDPrel [220]), and healthy participants (H [228]). Early S1‐evoked responses were reduced in SZ and BDP, while later/S2 abnormalities showed SZ/SZrel and BDP/BDPrel specificity. Relatives' effects were absent/small despite significant familiality of the entire auditorineural response. This pattern suggests general and divergent biological pathways associated with psychosis, yet may reflect complications with conditioning solely on clinical phenomenology.
A methodological comparison of the Porges algorithm, fast Fourier transform, and autoregressive spectral analysis for the estimation of heart rate variability in 5‐month‐old infants
Authors: Poliakova Natalia , Dionne Ginette , Dubreuil Etienne , Ditto Blaine , Pihl Robert O. , Pérusse Daniel , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLittle empirical evidence exists on the comparability of heart rate variability (HRV) quantification methods commonly used in infants. The aim was to compare three methods of HRV estimation: (1) fast Fourier transform (FFT), (2) autoregressive (AR), and (3) the Porges methods. HRV was estimated in 63 healthy 5‐month‐old infants. HRV parameters were strongly correlated across methods (.92–.99) but yielded significantly different mean HRV estimates (Porges method > FFT > AR). There was no systematic bias over the whole range of values between the two spectral approaches, while differences between the Porges method and the spectral estimates were systematically greater for larger values. Additional comparative studies are needed to explore the between‐method agreement across a range of physiological conditions.
Modafinil augments oscillatory power in middle frequencies during rule selection
Authors: Minzenberg Michael J. , Gomes Glenn C. , Yoon Jong H. , Watrous Andrew J. , Geng Joy , Firl Alana J. , Carter Cameron S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractControl‐related cognitive processes are associated with cortical oscillations and modulated by catecholamine neurotransmitters. It remains unclear how catecholamine systems modulate control‐related oscillations. We tested modafinil effects on rule‐related 4–30 Hz oscillations, with double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (within‐subjects) testing of 22 healthy adults, using EEG during cognitive control task performance. EEG data underwent time‐frequency decomposition with Morlet wavelets to determine power of 4–30 Hz oscillations. Modafinil enhanced oscillatory power associated with high‐control rule selection in theta, alpha, and beta ranges, with a frontotemporal topography and minimal effects during rule maintenance. Augmentation of catecholamine signaling enhances middle‐frequency cortical oscillatory power associated with rule selection, which may subserve diverse subcomponent processes in proactive cognitive control.
Managing in turbulence: how the capacity for resilience influences creativity
Authors: Richtnér Anders , Löfsten Hans 
Published: February 2014

How do companies manage to compete in a marketplace marked by turbulence, and not be outcompeted? In our study we assess the resources used to create resilience in organizations and how each of these resources relates to organizational creativity. We show that organizational resilience is positively related to organizational creativity. Specifically, our study highlights that cognitive, emotional, and structural resources are important resources for organizations wanting to become creative. Our results are based upon a pilot in‐depth qualitative case study followed by a survey of medium‐sized firms.The results in our study advance the emergent literature on resilience and on the practical applications of resilience in organizations. From a practical point of view, managers may realize that they have to develop a capacity for resilience (i.e. what they have to do) in order to have a creative organization, but a far bigger challenge is to understand the how; how the capacity for resilience is built. Our research shows that if managers truly want to manage in turbulence and still have a creative organization, they need to put a strong emphasis on the soft skills in the organization, in addition to the structural resources.
Capital Tax Competition and Cooperation with Endogenous Capital Formation
Authors: Yakita Akira 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIncorporating consumption–savings choices under a general concave utility function and hence an endogenous capital supply into a model of capital tax competition, we re‐investigate Nash equilibrium and compare it with the optimum under cooperative tax policy. In contrast to the case of fixed capital supply, it is shown that if savings sufficiently increase with the interest rate, a Nash equilibrium may be more efficient than a cooperative tax policy. Therefore, the distortionary effects of capital supply are important to issues of tax policy coordination.
Dental findings in children with West syndrome
Authors: Dantas‐Neta Neusa Barros , Carvalho e Souza Carlos Henriquede , Mendes Alencar Suyá Moura , Prado Júnior Raimundo Rosendo , Mendes Regina Ferraz 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionWest syndrome (WS) is a rare age‐related syndrome of epilepsy. The oral manifestations of WS are still unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the oral health status and oral findings of a sample of WS children being treated at a specialized referral center.Material and MethodsThe dental record forms of 528 children were searched at this center. Eight of the children had been diagnosed with WS.ResultsThe ages of those with WS ranged from 6 months to 13 years, and 62% of them were male. All of them were taking antiepileptic medication. Twenty‐five percent of them had tongue interposition between the dental arches and a deep palate. The mean DMFT was .25 and dmft was 1.12.ConclusionPatients with WS seem to have low caries experience, can have a deep palate, and may have their tongue positioned between the arches or on the incisive papilla.
Contrasting geochemical signatures on land from the Middle and Late Permian extinction events
Authors: Sheldon Nathan D. , Chakrabarti Ramananda , Retallack Gregory J. , Smith Roger M. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe end of the Palaeozoic is marked by two mass‐extinction events during the Middle Permian (Capitanian) and the Late Permian (Changhsingian). Given similarities between the two events in geochemical signatures, such as large magnitude negative δ13C anomalies, sedimentological signatures such as claystone breccias, and the approximate contemporaneous emplacement of large igneous provinces, many authors have sought a common causal mechanism. Here, a new high‐resolution continental record of the Capitanian event from Portal Mountain, Antarctica, is compared with previously published Changhsingian records of geochemical signatures of weathering intensity and palaeoclimatic change. Geochemical means of discriminating sedimentary provenance (Ti/Al, U/Th and La/Ce ratios) all indicate a common provenance for the Portal Mountain sediments and associated palaeosols, so changes spanning the Capitanian extinction represent changes in weathering intensity rather than sediment source. Proxies for weathering intensity chemical index of alteration, ∆W and rare earth element accumulation all decline across the Capitanian extinction event at Portal Mountain, which is in contrast to the increased weathering recorded globally at the Late Permian extinction. Furthermore, palaeoclimatic proxies are consistent with unchanging or cooler climatic conditions throughout the Capitanian event, which contrasts with Changhsingian records that all indicate a significant syn‐extinction and post‐extinction series of greenhouse warming events. Although both the Capitanian and Changhsingian event records indicate significant redox shifts, palaeosol geochemistry of the Changhsingian event indicates more reducing conditions, whereas the new Capitanian record of reduced trace metal abundances (Cr, Cu, Ni and Ce) indicates more oxidizing conditions. Taken together, the differences in weathering intensity, redox and the lack of evidence for significant climatic change in the new record suggest that the Capitanian mass extinction was not triggered by dyke injection of coal‐beds, as in the Changhsingian extinction, and may instead have been triggered directly by the Emeishan large igneous province or by the interaction of Emeishan basalts with platform carbonates.
The Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS): Community‐Based Validation Study of a New Scale for the Measurement of Suicidal Ideation
Authors: van Spijker Bregje A. J. , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Farrer Louise , Christensen Helen , Reynolds Julia , Kerkhof Ad J.F.M. 
Published: February 2014

While suicide prevention efforts are increasingly being delivered using technology, no scales have been developed specifically for web‐based use. The Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) was developed and validated as a brief, web‐based measure for severity of suicidal ideation, using an online survey of Australian adults (n = 1,352). The SIDAS demonstrated high internal consistency and good convergent validity. Frequency and controllability of thoughts were more strongly associated with suicide plans and attempts than other attributes assessed. Scores ≥ 21 indicated high risk of suicide behavior. The SIDAS appears to be a valid web‐based measure for severity of suicidal ideation.