bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCR6-Dependent Positioning of Memory B Cells Is Essential for Their Ability To Mount a Recall Response to Antigen
Authors: Elgueta Raul , Marks Ellen , Nowak Elizabeth , Menezes Shinelle , Benson Micah , Raman Vanitha S. , Ortiz Carla , O’Connell Samuel , Hess Henry , Lord Graham M. , Noelle Randolph 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Chemokine-dependent localization of specific B cell subsets within the immune microarchitecture is essential to ensure successful cognate interactions. Although cognate interactions between T cells and memory B cells (Bmem) are essential for the secondary humoral immune responses, the chemokine response patterns of Bmem cells are largely unknown. In contrast to naive B cells, this study shows that Ag-specific Bmem cells have heightened expression of CCR6 and a selective chemotactic response to the CCR6 ligand, CCL20. Although CCR6 appears be nonessential for the initial clonal expansion and maintenance of Bmem, CCR6 is essential for the ability of Bmem to respond to a recall response to their cognate Ag. This dependency was deemed intrinsic by studies in CCR6-deficient mice and in bone marrow chimeric mice where CCR6 deficiency was limited to the B cell lineage. Finally, the mis-positioning of CCR6-deficient Bmem was revealed by immunohistological analysis with an altered distribution of CCR6-deficient Bmem from the marginal and perifollicular to the follicular/germinal center area.
The Effects of Cytokines on Spontaneous Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroconversion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Wu Jia-Feng , Hsu Hong-Yuan , Chiu Yu-Chun , Chen Huey-Ling , Ni Yen-Hsuan , Chang Mei-Hwei 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We examined the role of human cytokines in the natural course of hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The clinical course of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion was assessed in 296 chronically HBV-infected patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12β, IL-13, IL-27, and IFN-γ genes were examined in 296 chronically HBV-infected patients and another 193 HBV recoverers. The HBsAg a determinant sequence of chronically HBV-infected subjects with and without HBsAg seroconversion was also analyzed. The start of the immune-clearance phase (serum alanine aminotransferase levels &gt; 30 IU/l) before the age of 48 mo and hepatitis B e Ag (HBeAg) seroconversion before the age of 10 y predicted spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion in chronically HBV-infected patients (odds ratios 17.7 and 5.0; p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.002, respectively). The A-allele of IL-10 SNP rs1800872 was associated with higher IL-10 serum levels, and the G-allele of IL-12β SNP rs3212217 was associated with sustained high serum IL-12p70 levels during the immune-clearance phase. Both were predictors of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion and HBV recovery (odds ratios 4.0 and 26.3; p = 0.002 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion was not related to sex, HBV genotype, or HBsAg a determinant mutation. The start of immune-clearance phase, age at HBeAg seroconversion, and serum IL-10 and IL-12 levels are associated with the course of the immune-clearance phase in chronic HBV infection, and are predictive of spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion and HBV recovery.
A Single Amino Acid Change in Inhibitory Killer Cell Ig-like Receptor Results in Constitutive Receptor Self-Association and Phosphorylation
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sarkar Pabak , Sim Malcolm J. W. , Rajagopalan Sumati , Vogel Steven S. , Long Eric O. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Signaling by immunoreceptors is often initiated by phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosines, which then recruit effector molecules. In the case of MHC class I–specific inhibitory receptors, phosphorylation of cytosolic tyrosine residues within ITIMs results in recruitment of a protein tyrosine phosphatase that blocks activation signals. Recent work showed that signaling by an HLA-C–specific killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) is independent of signaling by activation receptors. It is not known how ITIM phosphorylation is initiated and regulated. In this article, we show that substitution of His-36 in the first Ig domain of KIR2DL1 with alanine (KIR2DL1-H36A) resulted in constitutive KIR2DL1 self-association and phosphorylation, as well as recruitment of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Furthermore, substitution of His-36 with a similar bulky amino acid, phenylalanine, maintained the receptor in its unphosphorylated state, suggesting that steric hindrance by the His-36 side chain prevents constitutive KIR2DL1 self-association and ITIM phosphorylation. The equally strong phosphorylation of KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL1-H36A after inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase by pervanadate suggested that KIR2DL1-H36A is selectively protected from dephosphorylation. We propose that KIR phosphorylation is controlled by the accessibility of ITIM to tyrosine phosphatases and that KIR binding to HLA-C must override the hindrance that His-36 puts on KIR2DL1 self-association. Expression of KIR2DL1-H36A on NK cells led to stronger inhibition of lysis of HLA-C+ target cells than did expression of wild-type KIR2DL1. These results revealed that ITIM phosphorylation is controlled by self-association of KIR and that His-36 serves as a gatekeeper to prevent unregulated signaling through KIR2DL1.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyposis and Asthma
Authors: Sonkhya Nishi , Sharma Kalpana 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing awareness of the inter-relationship between inflammatory disease of the upper and lower airway. Both epidemiological and physiological data suggest that the respiratory tract, from the middle ear mucosa, through the nose and sinuses, and into the pulmonary tree behave as an integerated unit. Recent progress in understanding the biology of airway disease has identified that systemic inflammatory responses play a critical and integerating role in these diseases. The role of sinus surgery in the management of asthma patients has been a matter of debate for many years. We are presenting a well-designed prospective, controlled study in 50 patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis who were submitted to either functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) or medical therapy.How to cite this articleSonkhya N, Sharma K. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Polyposis and Asthma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):52-57.
Understanding Nasal Bone Fractures and Its Effects on Management: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sarma Nayanjyoti , Bhattacharjee Abhinandan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate mode of injury and different management options reliant on types of nasal bone fractures.

Study design
Prospective analytical study.

Subjects and methods
Seventy-five patients with nasal bone fractured were clinically and radiologically evaluated and divided into different types according to Lee's classification. They were provided conservative, closed reduction and/or osteotomy according to the type of fracture and outcome noted.

Results
Lee's classification is found to be valid in real patient scenarios and using good radiological evaluation better post operative outcome can be achieved. For type 1 and 3 fractures, closed reduction and osteotomy are the treatment of choice.

Conclusion
We confirm that systematic approach on Lee's classification for nasal bone fracture can be used to select appropriate management strategy.

How to cite this article
Sarma N, Bhattacharjee A. Understanding Nasal Bone Fractures and Its Effects on Management: A Prospective Study. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):58-60.
To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Singla Poonam , Gulati Ankit , Singh Surender , Malik Priya 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the results in patients of nasal polyposis undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery with or without the use of microdebrider.Materials and methodsThe study was conducted on 40 patients of either sex in age group 15 to 60 years with nasal polyposis. They were divided into two groups (20 each), in group A microdebrider was used and in group B it was not used. Symptom scoring of each patient was done on the basis of nasal blockage, headache, olfactory disturbance, nasal discharge and trigeminal pressure pain. Similar scoring was followed for diagnostic endoscopy in which the scoring was done on the basis of extent of polyps, edema of middle turbinate and secretions in middle meatus. Both the left and right sides were examined and scored separately.ResultsThe symptom and endoscopy scores were significantly higher (p < 0.02 and < 0.0001 respectively) in group B post-operatively on 14th day and after 3 months as compared to group A.ConclusionMicrodebrider assisted endoscopic sinus surgery gives better results.How to cite this articleKakkar V, Sharma C, Singla P, Gulati A, Singh S, Malik P. To Compare the Results of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery with and without Microdebrider in Patients of Nasal Polyposis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):61-63.
Sinonasal Mucormycosis with Fungal Ball: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bal Amanjit , Gupta Bhumika , Gupta Rijuneeta 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Invasive mycotic infections can be effectively treated if rapid identification of fungus is obtained. We reported a case of coinfection by Aspergillus and Rhizopus sp. involving nose, paranasal sinuses and orbit in a 51 years old male patient diagnosed as diabetic on admission. He presented to ENT OPD with history of drooping of right upper eyelid, decreased vision right eye and deviation of angle of mouth to left side for 12 days. NCCT nose, PNS and orbit showed soft tissue density in right maxillary sinus, ethmoids and destruction of right inferior turbinate. MRI of nose, PNS and orbit revealed hypointense density in right maxillary and ethmoid sinuses on T1-weighted images and on T2-weighted; it was hyperintense. Patient underwent endoscopic debridement under general anesthesia and tissue was sent for microbiological and histopathological examination which confirmed presence of Aspergillus and Rhizopus. Patient responded to therapy with IV amphotericin B and surgical debridement. On discharge patient's condition was good.

How to cite this article
Gupta R, Gupta B, Bal A, Gupta AK. Sinonasal Mucormycosis with Fungal Ball: A Rare Case Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):64-66.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Joshi Sushant , Bhuie HS , Mathur Navneet 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Pleomorphic adenomas are most common benign tumor of the major salivary gland, mainly found in parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenomas may also occur in the minor salivary glands of the hard and soft palate. Few cases are also diagnosed in various parts of pharynx and larynx. Intranasal pleomorphic adenomas can arise either from septum or lateral nasal wall. They are very rare entity and occasionally misdiagnosed due to their atypical histopathology. We present a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed in middle-aged female originating from lateral wall of right nasal cavity.

How to cite this article
Joshi S, Bhuie HS, Mathur N, Verma H. Pleomorphic Adenoma of Nasal Cavity: A Rare Case Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):67-69.
Analysis of Simple Nasal Bone Fracture and Interpreting Results of Closed Reduction under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Yousuf Aamir , Pampori Rafiq Ahmad , Beigh Zafarullah 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
To analyze the age, gender and the most frequent causes of nasal fractures evaluated in the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital and interpreting the result of closed reduction of nasal bone fracture under local anesthesia and need for revision surgery.

Study design
Prospective case study.

Materials and methods
The prospective analysis of 60 patients diagnosed as simple nasal bone fracture over a period of 6 months (between Jan 1st 2011 and July 1st 2011) who presented in department of ENT and HNS at Government Medical College, Srinagar. All the patient underwent closed fracture reduction under local anesthesia after proper assess ment and documentation. The patients were analyzed in groups and followed up to period of 6 months.

Results
Total of 60 patients (group A) with nasal bones fracture were included in the study, including 48 men and 12 women. The most common age was between 25 and 65 years. Violence was the most frequent cause seen (48%), followed by traffic accidents (35%), 12% of cases were due to sports injury other causes about 5% (fall from their own height and work related injury). After performing closed reduction under local anesthesia, the immediate results were analyzed using linear analog scale. The followup period ranged from 1 week to 6 months. The functional and esthetic outcome of procedure were seen in followup period. Patients in group A1 (80%) were pleased with their results and did not require a secondary surgery 20%. Patients developed a posttraumatic nasal deformity requiring a posttraumatic septorhinoplasty (group A2).

How to cite this article
Yousuf A, Pampori RA, Beigh Z. Analysis of Simple Nasal Bone Fracture and Interpreting Results of Closed Reduction under Local Anesthesia. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):7072.
Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Nayak Choubarga , Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Maxillary ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm. Excision should involve wide margins because of its high recurrence rate and ideally be followed by reconstruction. A 23 year-old female patient presented with recurrent ameloblastoma. One year previously, she had undergone a curettage excision. The recurrent lesion was managed by a total maxillectomy preserving the inferior orbital rim. Simultaneous reconstruction was performed with an temporalis myofascial flap for obliteration of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavities. Reconstruction of mid facial defects after tumor resection or trauma has evolved from skin graft to pedicled flaps and more recently, to free tissue transfer. Each of these reconstructive modalities has its specific indications, advantages and drawbacks. Temporalis muscle is one of the regional flaps that can be used to reconstruct midfacial defects. The muscle is available close to the surgical field and has a constant vascular supply. However, the flap has a limited arc of rotation and most of the muscle bulk is used in the pedicle. Therefore, various modifications of the surgical procedure were attempted in order to increase the arc of rotation of the flap. The temporalis muscle flap can provide a reliable, one-stage reconstructive alternative for more complicated surgical procedures for moderate-sized midfacial defects. Dimensions and arc of rotation of the flap may be increased by using temporalis muscle and deep temporal fascia as a myofascial unit.

How to cite this article
Nayak C, Swain SK. Use of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillary Reconstruction. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):73-75.
Proboscis Lateralis: A Rare Case
Authors: Gulati Ankit , Malik Priya , Ghanghas B 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTProboscis lateralis (PL) is a rare congenital anomaly with a characteristic appearance. We present such a case in 5-year-old child which was managed by excision. Complete surgical excision at the base of the proboscis is desirable as a primary procedure if there is adequate ipsilateral nasal development or as a delayed excision if the proboscis is to be used in nasal reconstruction. Definitive cosmetic reconstruction with bone or cartilage should be planned at a later age keeping in mind the possibility of further growth and development of the nasal complex, however no such reconstruction was done in the present case as there was no gross asymmetry.How to cite this articleKakkar V, Sharma C, Malik P, Ghanghas B, Bishnoi S, Gulati A. Proboscis Lateralis: A Rare Case. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):83-86.
Sinonasal Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wadhwa Neelam , Singh PP , Arora Vipin , Verma Pankaj , Bhatia Khyati 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
A rare case of sinonasal paraganglioma is described. A 40-year-old female patient presented with 2 years history of unilateral nasal obstruction and bleeding. CT scan demonstrated an expansile enhancing mass involving bilateral ethmoids, right nasal cavity and right maxillary sinus. Histopathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine tumor with possibility of paraganglioma. A subtotal maxillectomy with excision of mass performed. Primary nonchromaffin paraganglioma of nose and paranasal sinus is a very rare tumor, these lesion pose diagnostic challenge to clinicians and pathologist. Only twenty five cases are reported in review of literature. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.

How to cite this article
Arora V, Verma P, Singh PP, Wadhwa N, Bhatia K. Sinonasal Paraganglioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(2):87-89.
Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation
Authors: Spears Robert , Al-Hashimi Ibtisam , Solomon Eric S , Kerns David G , Hallmon William W , Kessler Harvey P , Heaton Matthew L 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium sulfate is a biologically compatible osteoconductive graft material that binds underlying bone graft and provide space maintenance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate calcium sulfate as a barrier compared to a collagen membrane for augmentation of a standardized surgically created ridge defect. For this purpose, bilateral extraction of mandibular premolars was performed on six foxhounds (Canis familiaris). Eight weeks later, a standardized osseous ridge defects (24 total) were created using a 6 mm trephine. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Baylor College of Dentistry. The osseous defects were allocated into three groups (8 defects each): group 1 received autogenous bone graft covered with collagen membrane (CM); group 2 received autogenous bone graft covered with calcium sulfate barrier (CS), and group 3 was used as control and did not receive bone augmentation and was used as control. The animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks following bone augmentation and sites were evaluated histologically for total ridge width, percentage of bone gain and cortical bone thickness.ResultsAll sites exhibited bony fill within the defect. Analysis of variance did not reveal statistically significant difference in the mean total bone gain among CM, CS, and control groups (12.2,11.6, and 11.9) mm2, respectively, p = 0.875.ConclusionCalcium sulfate does not appear to improve bone regeneration in an osseous defect.How to cite this articleHeaton ML, Kerns DG, Hallmon WW, Kessler HP, Spears R, Solomon ES, Al-Hashimi I. Comparison of Calcium Sulfate and Bovine Collagen Barriers for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(3):129-138.
Using Wikis to Carry Out Project-Based Learning
Authors: Williams Simon 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
As technology becomes ever more prevalent in the modern classroom, teachers are looking at ways to utilise it for the benefit of their students’ learning. One such tech-tool is the Wiki. Although they are not the most common feature in education, their uses are numerous. This paper will discuss wikis as a tool to carry out, monitor and assess projectbased learning.
Students’ Perspectives on the Use of Peer Feedback in an English as a Second Language Writing Class
Authors: Sukumaran Kavitha , Dass Rozita 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Peer assessment and peer feedback are considered alternatives to teacher-based feedback and their effects on writing have been substantially researched. This study aims to examine the perspectives of a group of university students, who are mainly second language learners, on peer feedback in an English writing class. Many of the studies conducted on the perspectives of students regarding peer feedback provided conflicting findings. While some found that peer feedback was viewed with doubt and encouraged little revision, others found it helped learners to recognise their strengths and flaws in writing. This study aims to better understand students’ perspectives regarding peer feedback and to identify the concerns raised by students involved in the study. The findings from this study revealed that the participants of the study had a positive perspective on the use of peer feedback and on the use of an online peer feedback tool. The study also showed that past experience did not contribute towards a negative perspective of peer feedback among the participants. The findings from this study are useful for future research in designing a better peer feedback process and improve its implementation.
Values Education and the Malaysia Education Blueprint
Authors: Aroff Abdul Rahman bin Md 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn several parts of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 – 2035, one can find several statements that rightly give importance to values education related to the spiritual and moral development of students in Malaysian schools. These statements can be identified in the aspirations of the blueprint towards the education system and also towards the students as well as in one of the 11 main shifts underlined by the authors of the blueprint to transform the national education system. While some of the action plans and initiatives recommended in the blueprint come across as efforts to strengthen values education in Malaysian schools, other initiatives could raise concerns. First, these initiatives are somewhat not substantive and secondly, some of them are perhaps questionable, both in theory and in practice. Hence, this paper aims to point out these concerns to those who have interest in values education and concurrently offer suggestions for consideration regarding other related matters. A general aim of the blueprint is to produce Malaysian citizens who internalise values and specifically, to strengthen values education thus ensuring the spiritual and moral development of Malaysian students. Indeed, there is no shortage of ideas concerning ways to promote students’ maturity in values and this network of ideas and measures entails placing the responsibility for values education not just on one group (the values education teachers) or programme (the Islamic Education and Moral Education subjects), but on all school heads and teachers as well as adults at home and in the community outside the school.
Examining Taylor’s Center for Languages IEN Students’ Perspectives on the Usefulness of Corrective Feedback in Writing Class
Authors: Lim Clarence , Dass Rozita 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Ever since Truscott (1996) commented on the use of written corrective feedback (CF), there has been a growing interest in this field of study. Unfortunately, despite the number of researches done in this field, most of them has only focused on the pedagogical and fundamental aspects. Very few researches looked at students’ perception of written CF. This paper investigates the perspectives of Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus Intensive English Program (IEN) students on Corrective Feedback in their writing class. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach and used T-test to test the hypotheses. The results of this study shed light on the impact of CF in second language acquisition (SLA).