bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent interaction effects in the theory of planned behaviour applied to quitting smoking
Authors: Hukkelberg Silje Sommer , Hagtvet Knut A. , Kovac Velibor Bobo 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesThis study applies three latent interaction models in the theory of planned behaviour (TPB; Ajzen, 1988, Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press; Ajzen, 1991, Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 50, 179) to quitting smoking: (1) attitude × perceived behavioural control on intention; (2) subjective norms (SN) × attitude on intention; and (3) perceived behavioural control × intention on quitting behaviour.MethodsThe data derive from a longitudinal Internet survey of 939 smokers aged 15–74 over a period of 4 months. Latent interaction effects were estimated using the double‐mean‐centred unconstrained approach (Lin et al., 2010, Struct. Equ. Modeling, 17, 374) in LISREL.ResultsAttitude × SN and attitude × perceived behavioural control both showed a significant interaction effect on intention. No significant interaction effect was found for perceived behavioural control × intention on quitting.ConclusionsThe latent interaction approach is a useful method for investigating specific conditions between TPB components in the context of quitting behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.Statement of contributionWhat is already known about the subject? Although research on quitting smoking in the context of TPB is gradually growing, the exploration of latent interaction effects of TPB variables on quitting intentions and subsequent quitting behaviour is scarce. The double‐mean‐centred unconstrained approach is proposed as a new and user‐friendly alternative to estimate interaction effects. This study investigated three latent interaction effects in TPB, as applied to quitting smoking using a double‐mean‐centred unconstrained approach.What does this study add?

This study provides evidence for an interaction effect for attitude × subjective norm on intention and attitude × perceived behavioural control on intention.

No significant interaction effect was found for perceived behavioural control × intention on quitting behaviour.

This study latent variable approach used to investigate interaction effects in the TPB was shown to be valuable.
Visualization Mosaics for Multivariate Visual Exploration
Authors: MacNeil S. , Elmqvist N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present a new model for creating composite visualizations of multidimensional data sets using simple visual representations such as point charts, scatterplots and parallel coordinates as components. Each visual representation is contained in a tile, and the tiles are arranged in a mosaic of views using a space‐filling slice‐and‐dice layout. Tiles can be created, resized, split or merged using a versatile set of interaction techniques, and the visual representation of individual tiles can also be dynamically changed to another representation. Because each tile is self‐contained and independent, it can be implemented in any programming language, on any platform and using any visual representation. We also propose a formalism for expressing visualization mosaics. A Web‐based implementation called MosaicJS supporting multidimensional visual exploration showcases the versatility of the concept and illustrates how it can be used to integrate visualization components provided by different toolkits.
Curve Style Analysis in a Set of Shapes
Authors: Li H. , Zhang H. , Wang Y. , Cao J. , Shamir A. , Cohen‐Or D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe word ‘style’ can be interpreted in so many different ways in so many different contexts. To provide a general analysis and understanding of styles is a highly challenging problem. We pose the open question ‘how to extract styles from geometric shapes?’ and address one instance of the problem. Specifically, we present an unsupervised algorithm for identifying curve styles in a set of shapes. In our setting, a curve style is explicitly represented by a mode of curve features appearing along the 2D silhouettes of the shapes in the set. Unlike previous attempts, we do not rely on any preconceived conceptual characterisations, for example, via specific shape descriptors, to define what is or is not a style. Our definition of styles is data‐dependent; it depends on the input set but we do not require computing a shape correspondence across the set. We provide an operational definition of curve styles which focuses on separating curve features that represent styles from curve features that are content revealing. To this end, we develop a novel formulation and associated algorithm for style‐content separation. The analysis is based on a feature‐shape association matrix (FSM) whose rows correspond to modes of curve features, columns to shapes in the set, and each entry expresses the extent a feature mode is present in a shape. We make several assumptions to drive style‐content separation which only involve properties of, and relations between, rows of the FSM. Computationally, our algorithm only requires row‐wise correlation analysis in the FSM and a heuristic solution of an instance of the set cover problem. Results are demonstrated on several data sets showing the identification of curve styles. We also develop and demonstrate several style‐related applications including style exaggeration, removal, blending, and style transfer for 2D shape synthesis.
Drivers of fish diversity, homogenization/differentiation and species range expansions at the watershed scale
Authors: Głowacki Łukasz B. , Penczak Tadeusz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimDetermination of taxonomic diversity changes, and patterns and drivers of homogenization/differentiation processes in fish (meta)communities at spatial watershed and temporal decadal scales.LocationThe 333‐km‐long lowlandPilicaRiver, with a solitary large dam reservoir constructed in the early 1970s, centralPoland.MethodsFish data sets obtained along the river upstream and downstream of the reservoir in the 1960s and 2000s are compared in terms of several community properties. The true gamma diversity of order one (1Dγ), decomposed into true alpha (1Dα) and true beta (1Dβ) components, is calculated for the taxonomic classification of the sets. Pairwise community distances against the fluvial distances of each course and period are also assessed using theBray–Curtis measure (BC) applied to occurrence and by1Dβ, applied to abundance.ResultsBased on1Dβ, the fish fauna became homogenized taxonomically by 33.0% upstream, while it differentiated by 8.6% downstream.1Dαand1Dγdecreased considerably in both courses. The changes in diversity were due to the range expansions of the native species. Despite the exposure to alien invasive species, the Pilica was not invaded by any of them between the surveys, although one species probably established itself in the lower course.Main conclusionsDecreases in1Dαand1Dγin both Pilica courses and in1Dβupstream were not sharp enough to allow the invasions of alien species to which the Pilica was exposed. Consequently, either other drivers than river fragmentation, introductions, climate warming and improvement in water quality may be essential for such invasions, or longer time periods than those presently considered are necessary for them to occur. An individual species' occurrence and abundance analysis suggests that the homogenization and differentiation resulted from variously combined impacts of several natural and human‐mediated drivers. The river fragmentation exerted both course‐specific and species‐specific impacts.
There is a world beyond protein mutations: the role of non‐coding RNAs in melanomagenesis
Authors: Swoboda Rolf K. , Herlyn Meenhard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUntil recently, the general perception has been that mutations in protein‐coding genes are responsible for tumorigenesis. With the discovery of V600EBRAF in about 50% of cutaneous melanomas, there was an increased effort to find additional mutations. However, mutations characterized in melanoma to date cannot account for the development of all melanomas. With the discovery of microRNAs as important players in melanomagenesis, protein mutations are no longer considered the sole drivers of tumors. Recent research findings have expanded the view for tumor initiation and progression to additional non‐coding RNAs. The data suggest that tumorigenesis is likely an interplay between mutated proteins and deregulation of non‐coding RNAs in the cell with an additional role of the tumor environment. With the exception of microRNAs, our knowledge of the role of non‐coding RNAs in melanoma is in its infancy. Using few examples, we will summarize some of the roles of non‐coding RNAs in tumorigenesis. Thus, there is a whole world beyond protein‐coding sequences and microRNAs, which can cause melanoma.
Metabolic reprogramming as a novel regulator of skeletal muscle development and regeneration
Authors: Ryall James G. 
Published: February 2013

Adult skeletal muscle contains a resident population of stem cells, termed satellite cells, that exist in a quiescent state. In response to an activating signal (such as physical trauma), satellite cells enter the cell cycle and undergo multiple rounds of proliferation, followed by differentiation, fusion, and maturation. Over the last 10–15 years, our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of this stem cell population has greatly expanded, but there remains a dearth of knowledge with regard to the initiating signal leading to these changes in transcription. The recent renewed interest in the metabolic regulation of both cancer and stem cells, combined with previous findings indicating that satellite cells preferentially colocalize with blood vessels, suggests that satellite cell function may be regulated by changes in cellular metabolism. This review aims to describe what is currently known about satellite cell metabolism during changes in cell fate, as well as to describe some of the exciting findings in other cell types and how these might relate to satellite cells.
A new data analysis technique to examine crack tip opening angle values tested in API X65 pipe steel
Authors: Hashemi S. H. , Dastani H. , Sadri J. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new data analysis technique to rapidly identify the region of stable crack growth in crack tip opening angle (CTOA) testing of a modified double cantilever beam. The technique basically used the load–displacement data from CTOA testing on API X65 steel, which demonstrated a region of constant slope after the peak load. In total, 22 data points (out of 90) fell in this region, for which the variation of CTOA versus crack length remained almost constant. The CTOA measurement was conducted from crack edges and from a fine reference grid, using photographs from two cameras in front and rear sides of the CTOA specimen. As the visual analysis of the individual photographs is tedious and rather lengthy, the presented technique can be easily used for rapid and precise identification of the mean CTOA from those data in the constant slope region of the load–displacement plot.
International mobility of professional knowledge from the Global South: Indian IT workers in the Netherlands
Authors: BURGERS JACK , TOUBURG GIORGIO 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough there are many studies on both expatriates and the phenomenon of brain drain, there are few on those professionals who move from a less to a more advanced economy through a transfer from one division of a transnational corporation to another. In a study of Indian IT professionals employed by the Dutch division of the producer‐service company Capgemini, we assessed the reasons for their recruitment and the type of professional knowledge they bring to the job. Our main findings are that the international mobility of Indian professionals is not just a matter of reducing labour costs and that, though some Indian IT professionals engage in routine programming activities, others are involved in activities that require tacit forms of knowledge. This applies to those who link the Dutch and Indian offices of Capgemini and to those who acquire assignments operating in the epistemic community of the international business milieu.
Visits to the country of origin: how second‐generation British Pakistanis shape transnational identity and maintain power asymmetries
Authors: BOLOGNANI MARTA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article, I identify the need for more nuanced approaches to transnational emotional attachment, especially with regard to the second generation. Interviewing second‐generation British Pakistanis while on their holidays in Pakistan and comparing the findings with data collected in the UK provides a more realistic exploration of the phenomenon than would have been possible with only narratives collected before and after the trips. In contrast to current utopian views of egalitarian transnationalism negotiated at a personal level, known in the literature as transnationalism from below, I argue that the visits of second‐generation British Pakistanis perpetuate global power asymmetries. Furthermore, such visits may help British Pakistanis redefine their identity in relation to Pakistan, the UK and Islam, thus contributing to the formation of a new transnational identity. In the conclusion, I suggest that leisure visits can still carry the potential for important political and economic relations for Pakistan in times of need.
Understanding the position of end nodes in the world city network: using peer city analysis to differentiate between non‐hub cities
Authors: MANS ULRICH 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn the current debate on the world city network and inter‐city connectivity, a large number of cities, particularly in developing countries, have received limited attention. Despite a growing interest in emerging market cities, many scholars still focus on the more affluent parts of the global economy. In an attempt to redress this imbalance, I present an assessment for use on cities that are not at the centre of the network; but what we consider ‘end nodes’. I build my argument on Taylor's interlocking model for assessing city connectivity and zoom in on the types of networks that non‐hub cities create through their inter‐linkages with so‐called peer cities in the same economic sector. I take these ego networks as a starting point and then lead the argument on to view city networks from a non‐hub perspective. This allows me to identify the existing linkages between different peer cities within as well as between selected city networks. The renewable energy business in India puts this argument to an empirical test. My findings confirm that this way of looking at city connectivity allows one to assess specifically for city end nodes and thereby contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the world city network.
Outcome of pure mucocele‐like lesions diagnosed on breast core biopsy
Authors: Rakha Emad A , Shaaban Abeer M , Haider Syeda Asma , Jenkins Jacquie , Menon Sindhu , Johnson Christopher , Yamaguchi Rin , Murphy Alison , Liston Joyce , Cornford Eleanor , Hamilton Lisa , James Jonathan , Ellis Ian O , Lee Andrew H S 
Published: February 2013

AimCurrent guidelines recommend that mucocele‐like lesions (MLL) of the breast diagnosed on needle core biopsy (NCB) should be categorized as a lesion of uncertain malignant potential (B3). However, data on the outcome of MLL diagnosed on NCB remains limited due to the rarity of this lesion. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of pure MLL without atypia diagnosed on NCB using a large series of cases and a review of the literature to provide evidence that can guide management.Methods and resultsPatients who underwent diagnostic excision biopsy after a core biopsy diagnosis of MLL without atypia were identified from several centres. Two of 54 patients (4%) with MLL without atypia on core biopsy had ductal carcinoma in situ in the subsequent excision specimen. This is similar to the rate in previous studies of 4% (four of 106). If there is atypia in the core biopsy, previous studies found that the frequency of malignancy is much higher at 21% (seven of 33).ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that pure MLL without atypia diagnosed on NCB is usually associated with a benign outcome.
Efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques for removing filling material during root canal retreatment
Authors: Zuolo A. S. , Mello J. E. , Cunha R. S. , Zuolo M. L. , Bueno C. E. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of reciprocating and rotary techniques with that of hand files for removing gutta‐percha and sealer from root canals.MethodologyThe root canals of fifty‐four human extracted maxillary central incisors were cleaned and shaped using a crown‐down technique to a size 40 and filled with gutta‐percha and a zinc oxide–eugenol‐based sealer using a lateral compaction technique. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the technique used for removing the root filling material: group I – Gates–Glidden burs and stainless steel hand files up to size 50; group II – rotary technique with NiTi Mtwo R files and additional Mtwo files to size 50, 0.04 taper; group III – reciprocating technique with the Reciproc instrument R50, size 50, 0.05 taper. Chloroform was used as a solvent in all groups. Teeth were then split longitudinally and photographed under 8× magnification. The images were transferred to a computer, and the total canal space and remaining filling material were quantified. The ratio of remaining filling material to root canal periphery was computed with the aid of Image Tool 3.0 software. The mean percentages of remaining filling material and time required to remove it were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (P < 0.05).ResultsThe mean percentage of remaining filling material was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group II, with Mtwo rotary files (12.17%), than in group I, with the hand file technique (7.19%), and group III, with Reciproc instruments (4.57%), which were statistically similar (P > 0.05). The time required to remove filling material was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) in group III (194 s), followed by group II (365 s) and group I (725 s) (P < 0.05).ConclusionRemaining endodontic filling material was observed on the canal walls of all teeth regardless of the technique used. Hand files combined with Gates–Glidden burs (group I) and the reciprocating technique (group III) removed more filling material from the canal walls than the Mtwo R files. The reciprocating technique was the most rapid method for removing gutta‐percha and sealer, followed by the rotary technique and the hand file technique.
Factors affecting the viscosity of sodium hypochlorite and their effect on irrigant flow
Authors: Bukiet F. , Soler T. , Guivarch M. , Camps J. , Tassery H. , Cuisinier F. , Candoni N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the influence of concentration, temperature and surfactant addition to a sodium hypochlorite solution on its dynamic viscosity and to calculate the corresponding Reynolds number to determine the corresponding flow regimen.MethodologyThe dynamic viscosity of the irrigant was assessed using a rotational viscometer. Sodium hypochlorite with concentrations ranging from 0.6% to 9.6% was tested at 37 and 22 °C. A wide range of concentrations of three different surfactants was mixed in 2.4% sodium hypochlorite for viscosity measurements. The Reynolds number was calculated under each condition. Data were analysed using two‐way anova.ResultsThere was a significant influence of sodium hypochlorite concentration (P < 0.001) and temperature (P < 0.001) on dynamic viscosity: the latter significantly increased with sodium hypochlorite concentration and decreased with temperature. A significant influence of surfactant concentration on dynamic viscosity (P < 0.001) occurred, especially for high surfactant concentrations: 6.25% for benzalkonium chloride, 15% for Tween 80 and 6.25% for Triton X‐100. Reynolds number values calculated for a given flow rate (0.14 mL s−1), and root canal diameter (sizes 45 and 70) clearly qualified the irrigant flow regimen as laminar.ConclusionsDynamic viscosity increased with sodium hypochlorite and surfactant concentration but decreased with temperature. Under clinical conditions, all viscosities measured led to laminar flow. The transition between laminar and turbulent flow may be reached by modifying different parameters at the same time: increasing flow rate and temperature whilst decreasing irrigant viscosity by adding surfactants with a high value of critical micellar concentration.
Dysprosium‐Doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Thin Films on Nickel Foilsfor Capacitor Applications
Authors: Bretos Iñigo , Schneller Theodor , Waser Rainer , Hennings Detlev F. , Park Daesung , Weirich Thomas 
Published: February 2013

The substitution in (Ba0.70Sr0.30)TiO3 thin films by the rare‐earth element dysprosium prepared at 1000°C by chemical solution deposition on nickel foils was investigated. The relatively large thermal budget applied (via annealing temperature) is shown to enhance the solubility of the Dy3+doping ion into the crystal lattice of the perovskite films. Preference for B‐site occupancy of this amphoteric cation was further promoted by the addition of BaO excess (1 mol%), which results in slightly larger grains in the films as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Despite this Ba‐rich composition, the presence of secondary phases in the thin films was not detected by X‐ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy revealed no evidence for local segregation of Dy at grain boundaries, neither the formation of NiO at the interface between the film and the metal foil was observed. The substitution of Ti4+ by Dy3+ leads to the formation of strong electron acceptors in the system, which balance the number of ionized oxygen vacancies arisen from the reductive crystallization atmosphere used during processing. As a consequence, the dielectric loss (tan σ) and leakage conduction measured in the resulting thin‐film capacitors were significantly reduced with respect to nominally undoped samples. The improvement of this capacitor feature, combined with the relatively high permittivities obtained in the films (490–530), shows the effectiveness of dysprosium doping within a thin‐film fabrication method for potential application into the multilayer ceramic capacitor technology.
Catalytic Combustion‐Type Hydrogen Sensor Using BaTiO3‐based PTC Thermistor
Authors: Yuasa Masayoshi , Nagano Takahito , Tachibana Naoki , Kida Tetsuya , Shimanoe Kengo 
Published: February 2013

A catalytic combustion‐type gas sensor using a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor, which shows a sharp resistance change around Curie temperature, was developed for the detection of hydrogen. La‐doped BaTiO3 (Ba0.998 La0.002 TiO3) was prepared through a solid‐state method and an oxalic acid method. La‐doped BaTiO3 obtained by the oxalic acid method showed improved PTC properties, due to the formation of fine particles, as compared to that prepared with the solid‐state method. The resulting sensor device showed a fairly high H2 sensitivity in the range of 100–1000 ppm. In addition, the H2 sensitivity and response speed were improved by coating a Pt/SiO2 catalyst on the sensor device because the catalytic combustion efficiency of H2 was improved by the catalyst coating.