bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Program of Exercise Throughout Pregnancy. Is it Safe to Mother and Newborn?
Authors: Barakat Ruben , Perales Maria , Bacchi Mariano , Coteron Javier , Refoyo Ignacio 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a program of moderate physical exercise throughout pregnancy on maternal and fetal parameters. Design. The study design was a randomized controlled trial. Setting. The study took place at the Hospital of Fuenlabrada in Madrid, Spain. Sample. Analyzed were 200 pregnant women (31.54 ± 3.86 years), all of whom had uncomplicated and singleton gestation. Of these subjects, 107 were allocated to the exercise group (EG) and 93 to the control group (CG). Intervention. Women from EG participated in a physical conditioning program throughout pregnancy, which included a total of 55- to 60-minute weekly sessions, 3 days per week. Measures. Pregnancy outcomes. Maternal: gestational age, weight gain, type of delivery, blood pressure during pregnancy, gestational diabetes (n/%). Fetal: birth weight, birth size, head circumference, Apgar score, pH of umbilical cord. Analysis. Student's unpaired t-test and χ2 test were used; p values of ≤ .05 indicated statistical significance. Cohen's d was used to determine the effect size. Results. There were significantly more pregnant women in the CG who gained excessive weight during their pregnancies than in the EG group (CG: N = 31, 35.6% versus N = 22, 21.2%; χ2 = 4.95; p =.02). The effect size was small (Phi value =.16). Other pregnancy outcome showed no differences between groups. Conclusion. A regular and moderate physical exercise program throughout pregnancy is not a risk to maternal and fetal well-being, and it helps to control excessive weight gain.
Relationship between Employment Characteristics and Obesity among Employed U.S. Adults
Authors: Park Sohyun , Pan Liping , Lankford Tina 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. This study examined associations between employment characteristics and obesity among a sample representing civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Design. Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting. Workplace. Subjects. The 2010 National Health Interview Survey data for 15,121 employed adults (>18 years). Measures. The outcome variable was weight status, and exposure variables were employment characteristics (number of employees, work hours, paid by the hour, paid sick leave, and health insurance offered). Analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for employment characteristics associated with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, family income, fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity, smoking, and occupations. Results. Nationwide, 28% of employed adults were obese. From multivariate logistic regression, the odds of being obese was significantly greater among adults who worked at a company with 100 to 499 employees (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.39) vs. with 1 to 24 employees and those who worked >50 hours/week (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.05–1.65) vs. < 30 hours/week. Conclusion. Approximately 3 out of 10 employees were obese and 6 out of 10 were overweight or obese. A better understanding of why these employment characteristics are associated with obesity could help employers better develop and target interventions for obesity prevention and treatment in the worksites.
Associations between Childhood Obesity and the Availability of Food Outlets in the Local Environment: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Miller Laura J. , Joyce Sarah , Carter Shannon , Yun Grace 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Examine whether individual-level childhood obesity is related to residential availability of fast food and healthy food outlets. Design. Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting. Perth, Western Australia Subjects. A total of 1850 children aged 5 to 15 years in 2005–2010 who participated in the Western Australian Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System survey. Measures. Geographical Information Systems were used to calculate a range of measures of fast food and healthy food outlet access and availability. For example, distance to nearest and access and density measures within 800 m and 3 km of each child's residence were all tested. Analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for individual-level sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviors. Results. An increasing number of healthy food outlets within 800 m of a child's home was associated with a significantly reduced risk of being overweight/obese in all models tested. After controlling for age, physical activity, time spent sedentary, weekly takeaway consumption, area disadvantage, and count of fast food outlets, each additional healthy food outlet within 800 m was associated with a 20% decrease in the likelihood of a child being overweight or obese (odds ratio: .800, 95% confidence intervals: .686–.933). Conclusion. The local food environment around children's homes has an independent effect on child weight status. These findings highlight the importance of the built environment as a potential contributor towards child health, which should be considered when developing community health promotion programs.
Meat Intake Increases Risk of Weight Gain in Women: A Prospective Cohort Investigation
Authors: Tucker Larry A. , Tucker Jared M. , Bailey Bruce , LeCheminant James D. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose. Examine the extent to which meat consumption influences risk of weight gain in women during a 20-month period. Additionally, to determine the extent to which demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors influence the meat-weight gain association. Design. Prospective cohort. Setting. Two metropolitan areas of the Mountain West. Subjects. Two hundred thirty-seven middle-aged women. Measures. Diet was assessed by using 7-day weighed food records, and physical activity was measured by using accelerometers. Other potential confounders included age; initial body weight; energy intake; percentage of energy from fat, protein, and carbohydrate; dietary fiber intake per 1000 kcal; and time in the investigation. Two meat variables were studied: very lean meat (VLM) and other meat (Meat). Analysis. Multiple regression, partial correlation, and relative risk. Results. Each additional serving (1 ounce) of Meat consumed at baseline per 1000 kcal was associated with a 1.19-kg gain in weight over time (F = 7.3, p = .0073). Controlling for physical activity, fiber, and macronutrient intake, individually, strengthened the relationship. Servings of VLM per 1000 kcal were not predictive of weight change (F= .00, p = .9576). With all potential confounders controlled, the relative risk of gaining weight (>5 pounds) for women with Low Meat intake was .36 (95% confidence interval = .17–.76) compared to women with High Meat intake. Conclusion. Consuming meats other than those in the VLM category is associated with increased risk of weight gain over time.
Consumers’ preferences for meat of Cabrito Transmontano. Effects of sex and carcass weight
Authors: Rodrigues S. , Teixeira A. 
Published: November 2013

The main purpose of this work is the study of consumers’ preferences of « Cabrito Transmontano», a meat product with POD (Protected Origin Designation) label. The effects of sex and carcass weight were studied. Variables of taste, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability were evaluated on 60 animals grouped by sex and carcass weight in 6 different groups. A trained taste panel established some sensory characteristics of the meat. Sensory preference of meat was evaluated by a consumers’ panel. Consumers’ panel preferred lighter carcasses, in all sensory variables studied, and showed no marked preference by any sex. The results indicate that the Breed Association should sell young animals to produce light carcasses according to consumer preferences. This can be a good way to reduce production costs, because these animals have to be fed just for a short period with their mothers’ milk, and do not compete long time with the milk production, fundamental to produce cheese also another product with protected origin label, they also tend to reach a higher market price.
Short communication. Effect of housing system during the finishing period on growth performance and quality fat of Iberian pigs
Authors: Daza A. , Esteban M. , De Mercado E. , Gomez E. 
Published: November 2013

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of housing system during the finishing period on growth performance and fat quality of Iberian pigs. Thirty barrows were used. During the finishing period, sixteen pigs were reared indoor and fourten pigs were reared outdoor in paddocks. The pigs housed in outdoor paddocks had higher ( p = 0.0001) feed average daily intake than those housed reared indoor and tended (p = 0.087) to show a worse feed efficiency. The C12:0 and C20:0 proportions in subcutaneous backfat from the pigs housed in outdoor paddocks were lower than those from the pigs housed reared indoor, whereas C17:0, C17:1 and C20:1 proportions tended (p = 0.09) to be lower. However, C18:1 n-9 and C18:3 n-3 proportions and C18:1 n-9/C18:0 ratio tended (p = 0.10) to be higher in the outdoor pigs than in the indoor pigs. In intramuscular fat from Longissimus dorsi muscle the C18:3 n-3 proportion tended (p = 0.07) to be higher in outdoor pigs than in indoor pigs. It is concluded that the finishing period of Iberian pigs in outdoor paddocks has a negative effect on feed conversion ratio but may improve the fat quality.
Microsatellite marker-based genetic variability in Spanish rice cultivars and landraces
Authors: Wankhade S. D. , Cornejo M. J. , Mateu-Andres I. 
Published: November 2013

The genetic relationships among japonica rice cultivars and landraces were studied. Most of them are of Spanish origin, and were developed and cultivated for varying time periods over more than a century. To uncover genetic diversity within each cultivar, we analysed 30 plants per cultivar or accession using 10 fluorescently labelled primer pairs for SSR markers. Six cultivars were included in the study, with accessions from four different regions of Spain of the traditional cultivar Bomba. A total of 37 alleles were detected with a mean of 3.7 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0 to 0.78 with an average of 0.51 per locus. Genetic diversity for cvs. Albufera, Bahia, Taipei 309 and Jsendra ranged between 0.008 and 0.062. Cultivar Bomba accessions displayed higher number of alleles and genetic diversity, with Tarragona the lowest (0.08) and Valencia the highest (0.16) genetic diversity. Although infrequent, some heterozygous individuals were detected in cvs. Bomba, Bahia and Taipei 309. Cluster analysis enabled to categorize four accessions of cv. Bomba and cv. Albufera in one group and cvs. Bahia, Taipei 309, Jsendra and Senia in a second group supporting previously known relationships among varieties. These results show the utility of SSR markers for characterization of rice cultivars. In addition, the use of high number of individuals per cultivar, enabled to evaluate both inter- and intra-varietal genetic diversity. Therefore, this investigation should be useful in rice breeding programmes for genotype identification and for the evaluation of germplasm purity.
Characterization and use of a vegetable waste vermicompost as an alternative component in substrates for horticultural seedbeds
Authors: Melgar-Ramirez R. , Pascual-Alex M. I. 
Published: November 2013

This experiment was designed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of six crop’s media obtained by mixing different percentages (v/v) of peat, perlite, coconut coir dust, and vermicompost (end-product of the breakdown of organic matter of crop residues mixed with re-used coconut coir dust by Eisenia fetida) and to evaluate the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. cumquat) seedling growth in this media. The treatments were: T1 (75% peat and 25% perlite), T2 (25% peat, 25% coconut coir dust, 25% vermicompost and 25% perlite), T3 (50% peat, 25% vermicompost and 25% perlite), T4 (25% peat, 50% vermicompost and 25% perlite), T5 (50% coconut coir dust, 25% vermicompost and 25% perlite), T6 (25% coconut coir dust, 50% vermicompost and 25% perlite). The electrical conductivity, pH, bulk density and water-soluble elements, contained in the substrate, increased with increasing amounts of vermicompost in the substrate, whereas the total porosity, easily available water and total water holding capacity decreased significantly with increasing amounts of vermicompost. Stem length and leaf area of tomato seedlings were higher in the substrate without vermicompost (T1) but no significant differences were found between substrates with vermicompost. No significant difference was found in the production of roots dry weight in all treatments; this is a very important result, because good quality of root system is the main goal in seedbeds. There are not clear relationships between the increase of vermicompost in mixtures and nutrient contents in stems and leaves.
The diet of harbour seals (<i>Phoca vitulina</i>) at the southern limit of its European distribution (Normandy, France)
Authors: Spitz Jérôme , Mariotti Laetitia , Ridoux Vincent , Caillot Emmanuel , Elder Jean François 
Published: November 2013

Changes in habitat availability or resources are likely to have the biggest impact on survival or abundance of individuals found at the extremity of the population’s range. In the case of such marginal populations, the first step in designing appropriate conservation plans is the identification of potential risks to the viability of the population, or subpopulation. For example, the interaction between coastal seals and fisheries is often considered as a major conservation issue, due to the potential co-exploitation of the same resources by both fishermen and seals. The diet of harbour seals was investigated by scat analysis at the southern extremity of their European range, in Baie des Veys (Normandy, France). A total of 121 scats, analysed following standard methodologies, revealed a diet largely dominated by mullets, Mugilidae (49% by mass), plaice Pleuronectes platess (29% by mass) and garfish, Belone belone (19% by mass). The diet of harbour seals at the edge of their European distribution differs from all previous studies conducted elsewhere, in terms of species composition, but shows a similar balance between fat and lean fish. Overall dietcomposition suggests a low potential for interaction with fisheries as commercial fishery target species are almost absent.
North‐South asymmetry in the modeled phytoplankton community response to climate change over the 21st century
Authors: Marinov Irina , Doney Scott C. , Lima Ivan D. , Lindsay K. , Moore J. K. , Mahowald N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHere we analyze the impact of projected climate change on plankton ecology in all major ocean biomes over the 21st century, using a multidecade (1880–2090) experiment conducted with the Community Climate System Model (CCSM‐3.1) coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐land‐sea ice model. The climate response differs fundamentally in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres for diatom and small phytoplankton biomass and consequently for total biomass, primary, and export production. Increasing vertical stratification in the Northern Hemisphere oceans decreases the nutrient supply to the ocean surface. Resulting decreases in diatom and small phytoplankton biomass together with a relative shift from diatoms to small phytoplankton in the Northern Hemisphere result in decreases in the total primary and export production and export ratio, and a shift to a more oligotrophic, more efficiently recycled, lower biomass euphotic layer. By contrast, temperature and stratification increases are smaller in the Southern compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, a southward shift and increase in strength of the Southern Ocean westerlies act against increasing temperature and freshwater fluxes to destratify the water‐column. The wind‐driven, poleward shift in the Southern Ocean subpolar‐subtropical boundary results in a poleward shift and increase in the frontal diatom bloom. This boundary shift, localized increases in iron supply, and the direct impact of warming temperatures on phytoplankton growth result in diatom increases in the Southern Hemisphere. An increase in diatoms and decrease in small phytoplankton partly compensate such that while total production and the efficiency of organic matter export to the deep ocean increase, total Southern Hemisphere biomass does not change substantially. The impact of ecological shifts on the global carbon cycle is complex and varies across ecological biomes, with Northern and Southern Hemisphere effects on the biological production and export partially compensating. The net result of climate change is a small Northern Hemisphere‐driven decrease in total primary production and efficiency of organic matter export to the deep ocean.
Spectral constraints on the formation mechanism of recurring slope lineae
Authors: Ojha Lujendra , Wray James J. , Murchie Scott L. , McEwen Alfred S. , Wolff Michael J. , Karunatillake Suniti 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecurring slope lineae (RSL) exhibit multiple lines of evidence for a wet origin. In the southern midlatitudes, they form on steep, equator‐facing slopes that are warm during southern summer. The formation temperature, seasonality, and other geomorphic characteristics are suggestive of water‐related formation, perhaps dense brines. We examined Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars images of all confirmed RSL sites from the southern midlatitudes and the equatorial region to understand the composition of RSL and/or RSL‐associated deposits. We did not detect any spectral signature attributable to water; however, a distinct and consistent spectral signature is observed at most sites, indicating enhanced abundances or distinct grain sizes of both ferric and ferrous minerals in RSL‐related materials compared to adjacent non‐RSL slopes. Like the RSL themselves, the strength of these signatures varies as a function of season. The observed spectral changes may indicate removal of a fine‐grained surface component during RSL flow, precipitation of ferric oxides, and/or wetting of the substrate.
Fenestranes in Synthesis: Unique and Highly Inspiring Scaffolds
Authors: Boudhar Aicha , Charpenay Mélanie , Blond Gaëlle , Suffert Jean 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe scaffold of fenestranes is quite unique, as it contains four condensed cycles and a distorted tetracoordinated central carbon atom with bond angles greater than the regular 109°28“. In this Minireview, a detailed overview on the developments regarding this compound class, including their synthesis, is given for the time period since 2006. In the past years, natural products that belong to the class of heterofenestranes have been isolated and their syntheses will also be discussed.
Safety signals and human anxiety: A fear‐potentiated startle study
Authors: Grillon Christian , Falls Williams A. , Ameli Rezvan , Davis Michael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of a safety signal on the magnitude of anticipatory anxiety was investigated using the fear‐potentiated startle reflex paradigm in humans. The amplitude of the acoustic startle reflex was measured during the anticipation of unpleasant electric chocks (“threat”) and during “safe” conditions. Threat and safe conditions were signaled by three different colored lights. Two lights signaled safe conditions (safe 1, safe 2) and the other light signaled the threat condition (threat). In phase I, the lights alternated, each presentation consisting of one colored light. In phase II, the lights were presented alone or in the two combinations of safe 1 (or safe 2) + threat and safe 1 + safe 2. In both phases, the contingency between the lights and the shock was explained to the subjects. It was emphasized that no shock could be administered when the safe 1 and threat light were simultaneously presented in phase II. Subjects' belief and understanding of the instructions were verified. In Phase I, startle was increased in the threat‐alone compared to the safe‐alone condition, reflecting increased anticipatory anxiety in the threat‐alone condition. In phase II, startle in the safe + threat condition was smaller than in the threat‐alone condition, but was larger than in the safe + threat. These results were interpreted as suggesting that the threat signal was still able to elicit anticipatory anxiety despite the fact that it was no longer associated with a threat. Anxiety 1:13–21 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum cytokine and soluble interleukin‐2 receptors in patients with panic disorder
Authors: Rapaport Mark Hyman , Stein Murray B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere has been very little research investigating the interface between panic disorder and the immune system. This preliminary study explores the relationship between panic disorder and serum levels of cytokines, which have potent immune and central nervous system activity, and soluble interleukin‐2 receptors, a well‐known marker of T‐cell activation. Fifteen women with panic disorder and 19 healthy female subjects had serum levels of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐2, and soluble interleukin‐2 receptors (SIL‐2Rs) measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Women with panic disorder had slightly increased serum levels of interleukin‐2 but did not differ from age‐comparable and gender‐matched controls in serum interleukin‐1 α, or interleukin‐1 β. And although the mean SIL‐2R levels were not different for the two groups, the SIL‐2R levels were present across a wider range of values in the women with panic disorder. Our data suggest that more extensive investigation of circulating levels of interleukin‐2 and the soluble interleukin‐2 receptor in patients with panic disorder may be warranted. Anxiety 1:22–25 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resting cardiovascular measures in patients with panic disorder and social phobia and health control subjects: Relationship to habitual exercise frequency
Authors: Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Stein Murray B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWeekly aerobic exercise frequency was evaluated and compared to resting cardiovascular measures in 22 patients with panic disorder, 11 patients with social phobia and 24 healthy control subjects. There were no diagnostic differences in resting cardiovascular activity or levels of habitual aerobic exercise. However, it was evident that, regardless of diagnostic status, individuals who participated in regular aerobic exercise (20 minutes duration at a minimum frequency of 2×/week) had lower heart rate and higher vagal tone than those who did not exercise aerobically. Implications for previous and future reports of resting cardiovascular measures in anxiety disorder patients are discussed. Anxiety 1:26–30 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.