bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3. FOUCAULT MUST NOT BE DEFENDED
Authors: DEAN MITCHELL 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper responds to and comments on many of the themes of the book under consideration concerning Foucault and neoliberalism. In doing so, it offers reflections on the relation between the habitus of the intellectual and the political contexts of action and engagement in the case of Foucault, and the strengths and weaknesses of his characterization of his work in terms of an “experimental” ethos. It argues that it is possible to identify his distinctive views on neoliberalism as a programmatic ideal, as a language of critique of the postwar welfare state, and as an element within actual political forces such as the French “Second Left” of the 1970s. It examines the legacy of Foucault in “governmentality studies” and argues for attentiveness to the different intellectual positions, and their potentially divergent political consequences, within this school of thought. It concludes by suggesting that the discussion currently taking place, and in part inaugurated by this book, might signal a change of his status in the humanities and social sciences today from “unsurpassable horizon” of critical thought to acknowledged classical thinker, with strengths and limitations, and a series of problems that might not be our own.
Group training for overactive bladder in female patients: a clinical, randomized, non‐blinded study
Authors: Hulbæk Mette , Kaysen Kirsten , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBladder training (BT) given individually for overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) is time consuming, and patients tend to need reinforcement. We hypothesized that a specified BT programme for female OAB patients performed as group training would have the same effect as the identical programme used for individual training. A randomized, controlled, non‐blinded trial in six hospital‐situated clinics in Denmark. A total of 91 women were randomized to either individual BT or group BT (three–four patients in each group). In both settings BT was to be performed daily for a 2‐month period supported by a diary and with three training sessions at the hospital coached by a continence nurse. All analyses were performed as intention‐to‐treat. Main outcome measures were urgency episodes, urgency incontinence episodes and scores from a symptom‐specific visual analogue scale (VAS). A total of 38 women with individual BT and 41 with group BT were included in the analyses. No significant differences in urgency episodes, urgency incontinence episodes, voiding frequency between the two settings were observed after treatment. Neither did scores from the VAS scale differ. Median values showed a daily 50% reduction in urgency incontinence episodes. Daily voiding frequency of 8·5–10 was reduced to 7·5 voidings. Women were equally satisfied with the programme in both settings. Compliance in training was equal, and no serious adverse events were reported in either setting. This particular BT programme for female OAB patients showed no difference between group training and individual training with respect to clinical end points, patient satisfaction or compliance.
Intravenous cyclophosphamide as a therapeutic option for severe refractory gastric antral vascular ectasia in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Papachristos D. A. , Nikpour M. , Hair C. , Stevens W. M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare but important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It is commonly associated with autoimmune conditions such as systemic sclerosis, and standard treatment involves both supportive measures, as well as endoscopic interventional therapies. While the current therapies are effective for most patients, a few patients develop severe and refractory bleeding. Herein we report two cases of refractory GAVE in patients with diffuse scleroderma, which improved significantly after the administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide. One of these cases is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of cyclophosphamide being used specifically for the treatment of refractory GAVE.
A heuristic algorithm for optimal location of flow‐refueling capacitated stations
Authors: Hosseini Meysam , MirHassani S. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConstructing refueling stations in the transportation network is one of the most important steps toward the promotion of alternative‐fuel vehicles. The capacity of these stations is usually limited. In this paper, a new capacitated refueling station location model and a solution algorithm are proposed. The algorithm is divided into two main steps. At first step, a restricted capacitated problem on core sets is constructed. Then, a modified Lagrangean iterative method is used for obtaining solutions. The Lagrangean method decomposes the restricted problem into two subproblems that are easy to solve. Information from subproblems is used to generate valid inequalities for tightening the upper and lower bounds. The approach is evaluated by considering a set of networks and randomly generated instances. The obtained results indicate that the large problems are efficiently tractable by the proposed algorithm in a reasonable time.
Evaluation of a web‐based educational programme on changes in frequency of nurses’ interventions to help smokers quit and reduce second‐hand smoke exposure in China
Authors: Sarna Linda , Bialous Stella Aguinaga , Zou Xiao Nong , Wang Weili , Hong Jingfang , Wells Marjorie , Brook Jenny 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo evaluate a web‐based educational smoking cessation programme on changes in the frequency of hospital‐based nurses’ self‐reported interventions to help smokers quit using the 5 As (i.e. Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), to reduce exposure to second‐hand smoke and to change attitudes about nurses’ involvement in tobacco control.BackgroundFew nurses in China support smokers’ quit attempts using evidence‐based smoking cessation interventions based on the 5 As. Limited knowledge is a barrier to intervention. Web‐based tobacco cessation programs have the potential to reach a large population of nurses.DesignA prospective single‐group design with pre‐, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up after the educational programme evaluated the feasibility of conducting web‐based educational programs in two cities in China in 2012–2013.MethodsFrequency of interventions was assessed using a valid and reliable web‐based survey with a convenience sample of nurses from eight hospitals in Beijing and Hefei, China. Generalized linear models, adjusting for age, clinical setting, education and site were used to determine changes in the consistent (usually/always) use of the 5 As from baseline to 3 and to 6 months.ResultsNurses (N = 1386) had baseline and/or 3‐ and 6‐month data. At 6 months, nurses were significantly more likely to Assess, Assist and Arrange for smoking cessation and recommend smoke‐free home environments. There was significant improvement in attitudes about tobacco control.ConclusionsNurses receiving web‐based smoking cessation education significantly increased self‐reports of frequency of providing interventions to patients who smoke, including recommending smoke‐free home environments to support quit attempts.
Gut‐derived lymphocyte recruitment to liver and induce liver injury in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model
Authors: Hu Ying , Zhang Henghui , Li Jing , Cong Xu , Chen Yanhui , He Gaixia , Chi Yujing , Liu Yulan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and AimMost studies focus on gut‐derived factors like microbiota and its products and how they contribute to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression. This study investigated whether the gut‐derived lymphocytes could migrate to the liver and induce liver injury in NAFLD.MethodsA high‐fat diet induced an NAFLD mouse model, and lymphocytes were labeled with 1,1‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3,3 tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide and carboxy‐fluorescein succinimidyl ester, respectively, and intravenously injected to mice to monitor lymphocyte migration.ResultsAdoptive transfer model results indicated that compared with lymphocytes from the spleen, bone marrow and thymus of NAFLD donor mice, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) cells from NAFLD donor mice predominately accumulated in the livers of NAFLD recipient mice. The frequencies of central memory CD4+T and CD8+T cells in livers of NAFLD mice were significantly increased; however, the activated T cells were not significantly altered. After adoptively transferred MLN cells, the frequencies of the activated CD4+T and CD8+T cells increased in livers of NAFLD recipient mice. By contrast, the frequencies of central memory and naïve CD4+T and CD8+T cells decreased. MLN cells also induced liver injury in NAFLD recipient mice, as reflected by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase serums. Moreover, the chemotaxis assay showed that CCL5 mediated the MLN cell migration to the liver. Also, blocking the CCL5 inhibited MLN cell migration to the liver in vitro.ConclusionsGut‐derived lymphocytes from NAFLD mice could migrate to the liver and induce liver injury and hepatic CD4+T and CD8+T cells activation. The migration was associated with the upregulation of CCL5 in the liver.
Handling stress increases expression of male sexual behaviour in an amphibian with an explosive mating strategy
Authors: Woodley S. K. , Porter B. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExposure to stressors typically suppresses reproductive processes, including the expression of sexual behaviour. However, many animal species breed in extreme conditions where opportunities to mate in a given season are limited. In such species, stress‐induced suppression of reproduction would be maladaptive, especially if they also have short lifespans. Species with longer lifespans, but still limited mating opportunities in a given season, may be able to withstand a few missed breeding opportunities. We tested whether capture and handling would suppress male sexual behaviour in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), a species with an explosive mating strategy but a relatively long lifespan. Males were captured as they migrated to breeding sites and were handled in a manner known to induce an increase in plasma corticosterone, a component of the stress response. Thirty min later, each male was paired with a freshly captured female for 60 min. Handled males deposited significantly more spermatophores than did control males. The mechanism for the increased sexual behaviour is unknown but may involve handling‐induced changes in stress hormones or reproductive hormones. Regardless of the mechanism whereby handling increased male sexual behaviour, our results support the hypothesis that stressors do not suppress male mating behaviour in a long‐lived species with limited opportunities to mate.
Bioavailable vitamin D levels are reduced and correlate with bone mineral density and markers of mineral metabolism in adults with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Aggarwal Abhinav , Yadav Ashok K , Ramachandran Raja , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Vivek , Sachdeva Naresh , Khandelwal Niranjan , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimBlood levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] are reduced in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). The lowering is thought to be due to urinary loss of vitamin D binding protein (DBP). A link between vitamin D deficiency and bone disease or markers of mineral metabolism has not yet been shown in NS. We hypothesized that alterations in bioavailable vitamin D levels might be linked to these abnormalities in NS.MethodsWe measured circulating levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], DBP, serum albumin and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in 106 adults with sporadic idiopathic NS and 40 healthy controls. Bioavailable vitamin D was calculated from previously validated formulae. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at left hip (neck of femur) by DEXA.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were significantly reduced in patients with NS as compared to healthy controls. Among the nephrotic patients, BMD was positively correlated with bioavailable 25(OH)D (r = 0.358; P = 0.0002) but not with total 25(OH)D (r = 0.174; P = 0.079). Total 1,25(OH)2D and bioavailable 1,25(OH)2D did not correlate with BMD (r = 0.131; P =  0.206 and r = 0.107, P = 0.295). Bioavailable 25(OH)D levels showed a strong inverse correlation with iPTH on univariate (r = −0.457; P < 0.0001) and multivariate (β=−0.453, P < 0.0001) analyses.ConclusionsWe conclude that bioavailable 25(OH)D is a better measure of vitamin D status with respect of BMD and mineral metabolism in patients of nephrotic syndrome.
Spatio‐temporal patterning of arginyl‐tRNA protein transferase (ATE) contributes to gametophytic development in a moss
Authors: Schuessele Christian , Hoernstein Sebastian N. W. , Mueller Stefanie J. , Rodriguez‐Franco Marta , Lorenz Timo , Lang Daniel , Igloi Gabor L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: October 2015

Summary

The importance of the arginyl‐tRNA protein transferase (ATE), the enzyme mediating post‐translation arginylation of proteins in the N‐end rule degradation (NERD) pathway of protein stability, was analysed in Physcomitrella patens and compared to its known functions in other eukaryotes.

We characterize ATE:GUS reporter lines as well as ATE mutants in P. patens to study the impact and function of arginylation on moss development and physiology.

ATE protein abundance is spatially and temporally regulated in P. patens by hormones and light and is highly abundant in meristematic cells. Further, the amount of ATE transcript is regulated during abscisic acid signalling and downstream of auxin signalling. Loss‐of‐function mutants exhibit defects at various levels, most severely in developing gametophores, in chloroplast starch accumulation and senescence. Thus, arginylation is necessary for moss gametophyte development, in contrast to the situation in flowering plants.

Our analysis further substantiates the conservation of the N‐end rule pathway components in land plants and highlights lineage‐specific features. We introduce moss as a model system to characterize the role of the NERD pathway as an additional layer of complexity in eukaryotic development.
Occlusal traits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Bardellini E. , Tonni I. , Micheli R. , Molinaro A. , Amadori F. , Flocchini P. , Piana G. , Majorana A. 
Published: October 2015

Structured AbstractObjectivesLiterature is poor of data about the occlusion in children affected by neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This case–control study investigated the occlusal traits in a group of children with NF1.Setting and sample populationA hundred and fifteen children with NF1 were enrolled; non‐NF1 controls were sequentially selected among subjects referred to the Pediatric Dentistry Department.Material and methodsAll patients underwent a clinical dental examination and a panoramic radiography. The following orthodontic variables were considered: molar relationship, overjet, overbite, cross‐bite, scissor bite, and crowding/spacing.ResultsClass III molar relationship resulted significantly (p = 0.01) more common in children with NF1 than in the control group as well as the unilateral posterior cross‐bite (p = 0.0017). Forty‐three children with NF1 (37.3%) showed radiographic abnormalities; in one case, a plexiform neurofibroma was detected.ConclusionsAn early orthodontic evaluation might be planned in the management of children with NF1 to prevent or decrease the need for extensive orthodontic interventions.
A GABAergic projection from the zona incerta to cortex promotes cortical neuron development
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Kriegstein Arnold R. 
Published: October 2015

Circuits for brain building
The brain is made up of circuits. Chen and Kriegstein analyzed how one particular circuit functions differently in developing and mature mouse brains (see the Perspective by Spitzer). This circuit connects the brain's diencephalon to the cortex. Early in development, the circuit is excitatory and affects how the cortical neurons it touches build their dendrites and synapses. Later on, after the fundamentals of brain construction are in place, the circuit switches to inhibitory functions, helping the brain resist epileptiform activity.

Science
, this issue p.
554
; see also p.
510
Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain H002, Serotype III, Isolated in China from a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Wang Rui , Li Liping , Luo Fuguang , Liang Wanwen , Gan Xi , Chen Ming 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the first whole-genome sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
strain H002, serotype III, isolated in China from a woman 32 weeks pregnant. This sequence represents an important addition to the published genomes and will promote comparative genomic studies of
S. agalactiae
spp. isolated from diverse regions, particularly when compared with Chinese strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of Spiroplasma litorale TN-1
T
(DSM 21781), a Bacterium Isolated from a Green-Eyed Horsefly (
Tabanus nigrovittatus
)
Authors: Lo Wen-Sui , Lai Yi-Ching , Lien Yun-Wei , Wang Tzu-Haw , Kuo Chih-Horng 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Spiroplasma litorale
TN-1
T
(DSM 21781) was isolated from the gut of a green-eyed horsefly (
Tabanus nigrovittatus
), collected at Ocracoke Island in North Carolina in 1983. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium to facilitate the investigation of its biology.
Medication burden in the first 5 years following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: findings from theADDITION-UKtrial cohort
Authors: Black James A , Simmons Rebecca K , Boothby Clare E , Davies Melanie J , Webb David , Khunti Kamlesh , Long Gráinne H , Griffin Simon J 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionIndividuals with screen-detected diabetes are likely to receive intensified pharmacotherapy to improve glycaemic control and general cardiometabolic health. Individuals are often asymptomatic, and little is known about the degree to which polypharmacy is present both before, and after diagnosis. We aimed to describe and characterize the pharmacotherapy burden of individuals with screen-detected diabetes at diagnosis, 1 and 5 years post-diagnosis.MethodsThe prescription histories of 1026 individuals with screen-detected diabetes enrolled in theADDITION-UKtrial of the promotion of intensive treatment were coded into general medication types at diagnosis, 1 and 5 years post-diagnosis. The association between change in the count of several medication types and age, baseline 10-year UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) cardiovascular disease (CVD risk), sex, intensive treatment group and number of medications was explored.ResultsJust under half of individuals were on drugs unrelated to cardioprotection before diagnosis (42%), and this increased along with a rise in the number of prescribed diabetes-related and cardioprotective drugs. The medication profile over the first 5 years suggests multimorbidity and polypharmacy is present in individuals with screen-detected diabetes. Higher modeled CVD risk at baseline was associated with a greater increase in cardioprotective and diabetes-related medication, but not an increase in other medications.ConclusionAs recommended in national guidelines, our results suggest that treatment of diabetes was influenced by the underlying risk of CVD. While many individuals did not start glucose lowering and cardioprotective therapies in the first 5 years after diagnosis, more information is required to understand whether this represents unmet need, or patient-centered care.Trial registration numberCNT00237549.
Minimally important difference estimates and methods: a protocol
Authors: Johnston Bradley C , Ebrahim Shanil , Carrasco-Labra Alonso , Furukawa Toshi A , Patrick Donald L , Crawford Mark W , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Schunemann Holger J , Guyatt Gordon H , Nesrallah Gihad 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) are often the outcomes of greatest importance to patients. The minimally important difference (MID) provides a measure of the smallest change in the PRO that patients perceive as important. An anchor-based approach is the most appropriate method for MID determination. No study or database currently exists that provides all anchor-based MIDs associated with PRO instruments; nor are there any accepted standards for appraising the credibility of MID estimates. Our objectives are to complete a systematic survey of the literature to collect and characterise published anchor-based MIDs associated with PRO instruments used in evaluating the effects of interventions on chronic medical and psychiatric conditions and to assess their credibility.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO (1989 to present) to identify studies addressing methods to estimate anchor-based MIDs of target PRO instruments or reporting empirical ascertainment of anchor-based MIDs. Teams of two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, review full texts of citations, and extract relevant data. On the basis of findings from studies addressing methods to estimate anchor-based MIDs, we will summarise the available methods and develop an instrument addressing the credibility of empirically ascertained MIDs. We will evaluate the credibility of all studies reporting on the empirical ascertainment of anchor-based MIDs using the credibility instrument, and assess the instrument's inter-rater reliability. We will separately present reports for adult and paediatric populations.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics approval was required as we will be using aggregate data from published studies. Our work will summarise anchor-based methods available to establish MIDs, provide an instrument to assess the credibility of available MIDs, determine the reliability of that instrument, and provide a comprehensive compendium of published anchor-based MIDs associated with PRO instruments which will help improve the interpretability of outcome effects in systematic reviews and practice guidelines.