bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing and feeling for self and other: Proprioceptive spatial location determines multisensory enhancement of touch
Authors: Cardini Flavia , Haggard Patrick , Ladavas Elisabetta 
Published: November 2012

In the Visual Enhancement of Touch (VET), simply viewing one’s hand improves tactile spatial perception, even though vision is non-informative. While previous studies had suggested that looking at another person’s hand could also enhance tactile perception, no previous study had systematically investigated the differences between viewing one’s body and someone else’s. The aim of this study was to shed light on the relation between visuo–tactile interactions and the self-other distinction. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the spatial location where a hand was seen. Viewing one’s hand enhanced tactile acuity relative to viewing a neutral object, but only when the image of the hand was spatially aligned with the actual location of the participant’s unseen hand. The VET effect did not occur when one’s hand was viewed at a location other than that experienced proprioceptively. In contrast, viewing another’s hand produced enhanced tactile perception irrespective of spatial location. In Experiment 2, we used a multisensory stimulation technique, known as Visual Remapping of Touch, to reduce perceived spatial misalignment of vision and touch. When participants saw an image of their own hand being touched at the same time as the tactile stimulation, the reduction in perceived misalignment caused VET effect to return, even though the spatial location of the images was not consistent with the actual body posture. Our results suggest that multisensory modulation of touch depends on a representation of one’s body that is fundamentally spatial in nature. In contrast, representation of others is free from this spatial constraint.
Temporal disparity effects on audiovisual integration in low vision individuals
Authors: Targher Stefano , Occelli Valeria , Zampini Massimiliano 
Published: November 2012

Our recent findings have shown that sounds improve visual detection in low vision individuals when the audiovisual pairs are presented simultaneously. The present study purports to investigate possible temporal aspects of the audiovisual enhancement effect that we have previously reported. Low vision participants were asked to detect the presence of a visual stimulus (yes/no task) either presented in isolation or together with an auditory stimulus at different SOAs. In the first experiment, when the sound was always leading the visual stimuli, there was a significant visual detection enhancement even when the visual stimulus was temporally delayed by 400 ms. However, the visual detection improvement was reduced in the second experiment when the sound could randomly lead or lag the visual stimulus. A significant enhancement was found only when the audiovisual stimuli were synchronized. Taken together, the results of the present study seem to suggest that high-level associations between modalities might modulate audiovisual interactions in low vision individuals.
Effects of within-modal congruency, cross-modal congruency and temporal asynchrony on the perception of perceived audio–visual distance
Authors: Wilbiks Jonathan M. P. , Dyson Benjamin 
Published: November 2012

The factors we use to determine whether information from separate modalities should be assigned to the same source include task demands, the spatial and temporal coincidence of the composite signals, and, whether the signals are congruent with one another. In a series of experiments, we examined how temporal asynchrony and congruency interact in a competitive binding situation. Across a series of experiments, participants assigned a temporally roving auditory stimulus to competing primary or secondary visual anchors (VAV), or, a temporally roving visual stimulus to competing primary or secondary auditory anchors (AVA), based on causality. Congruency was defined in terms of simulated distance both within- and between-modalities (visual: small, auditory: quiet = far; visual: large, auditory: loud = near). Strong temporal effects were revealed, with differences between VAV and AVA conditions reflecting natural auditory lag tolerance for binding. During VAV conditions, binding was influenced only by visual congruency. During AVA conditions, binding was influenced by audio–visual congruency. These differences did not seem to be due to the relative discriminability between visual and auditory magnitude. The data reiterate the dominance of audition in the time domain (showing stronger temporal effects), the dominance of vision in the spatial domain (showing stronger congruency effects), and, the assistance of domain-inappropriate modalities by domain-appropriate modalities. A special case of congruency in terms of visual looming will also be discussed, along with the potential alerting properties of high magnitude stimuli.
Early auditory sensory processing is facilitated by visual mechanisms
Authors: Schall Sonja , Kiebel Stefan J. , Maess Burkhard , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: November 2012

There is compelling evidence that low-level sensory areas are sensitive to more than one modality. For example, auditory cortices respond to visual-only stimuli (Calvert et al., 1997; Meyer et al., 2010; Pekkola et al., 2005) and conversely, visual sensory areas respond to sound sources even in auditory-only conditions (Poirier et al., 2005; von Kriegstein et al., 2008; von Kriegstein and Giraud, 2006). Currently, it is unknown what makes the brain activate modality-specific, sensory areas solely in response to input of a different modality. One reason may be that such activations are instrumental for early sensory processing of the input modality — a hypothesis that is contrary to current text book knowledge. Here we test this hypothesis by harnessing a temporally highly resolved method, i.e., magnetoencephalography (MEG), to identify the temporal response profile of visual regions in response to auditory-only voice recognition. Participants () briefly learned a set of voices audio–visually, i.e., together with a talking face in an ecologically valid situation, as in daily life. Once subjects were able to recognize these now familiar voices, we measured their brain responses using MEG. The results revealed two key mechanisms that characterize the sensory processing of familiar speakers’ voices: (i) activation in the visual face-sensitive fusiform gyrus at very early auditory processing stages, i.e., only 100 ms after auditory onset and (ii) a temporal facilitation of auditory processing (M200) that was directly associated with improved recognition performance. These findings suggest that visual areas are instrumental already during very early auditory-only processing stages and indicate that the brain uses visual mechanisms to optimize sensory processing and recognition of auditory stimuli.
Larger Than Life: Soviet Monumental Sculpture in the Stalin Period
Authors: Lampard Marie Turbow 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article considers the proliferation of monuments in the Soviet Union from Lenin’s Plan for Monumental Propaganda in 1918 until Stalin’s death. It examines the artistic climate in which monuments were commissioned and made and explores the relationship between the central city and the provinces in the creation of a Soviet monumental style.
Negotiating the ‘Genuine’ Religion: Muslim Diaspora Communities in the Context of the Western Understanding of Religion
Authors: Behloul Samuel M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The article contextualizes the current West European debates on Islam within the framework of the specific modern Protestant understanding of religion. Using the case study of Muslim minority groups from the Balkan (Albanians and Bosniaks) in Switzerland, it illustrates how this essentialistic understanding of religion characterizes the public perceptions of religious minorities in West European societies, especially in the post 9/11 period. The main argument of this contribution lays stress on the fact, that, depending on their cultural background as well as on their perception by the non-Muslim majority, different Muslim actors internalize the essentialistic understanding of religion dictated by majority society and likewise reply with different essentializing discursive constructions of Islam.
Monozygotic twins concordant for Kleine-Levin syndrome
Authors: Ueno Taro , Fukuhara Akira , Ikegami Azusa , Ohishi Fumihiro , Kume Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Kleine-Levin syndrome is a rare sleep disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by intermittent periods of excessive sleepiness, cognitive disturbances and behavioral abnormalities. Nine cases of familial Kleine-Levin syndrome have been identified, but there are no reported cases describing twins that are affected by the syndrome.

Case presentation
We report the cases of 16-year-old monozygotic twin boys who both suffered from Kleine-Levin syndrome. In both cases, the onset of the first episode was preceded by an influenza infection. During symptomatic periods they slept for the entire day except for meals and bathroom visits. Actimetry recordings revealed that during symptomatic periods, daily activity was lower than that of asymptomatic periods, on the other hand, activity during the night was significantly higher in symptomatic periods than asymptomatic periods. Polysomnography (PSG) data during symptomatic periods revealed a decrease in sleep efficiency. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing revealed no DQB1*02 loci. They were administered lithium carbonate but the beneficial effect was limited.

Conclusions
Our observations suggest that Kleine-Levin syndrome may be due to genetic and autoimmune processes, although etiologic relationship to specific HLA type remains controversial.
Genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in histological sections of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma in Madrid, Spain
Authors: García-Espinosa Benjamín , Moro-Rodríguez Ernesto , Álvarez-Fernández Emilio 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and co-infection occurrence was studied in cervical specimens from the city of Madrid (Spain), as a contribution to the knowledge of Human Papillomavirus genotype distribution and prevalence of carcinogenic HPV types in cervical lesions in Spain.

Methods
A total of 533 abnormal specimens, from the Hospital General Universitario “Gregorio Marañón” of Madrid, were studied. These included 19 benign lesions, 349 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias 1 (CIN1), 158 CIN2-3 and 7 invasive cervical carcinomas (ICC). HPV genotyping was performed using PCR and tube array hybridization.

Results
We detected 20 different HPV types: 13 carcinogenic high-risk HPV types (HR-HPVs), 2 probably carcinogenic high-risk HPV types (PHR-HPVs) and 5 carcinogenic low-risk HPV types (LR-HPVs). The most frequent HPV genotypes found in all specimens were HPV16 (26.0%), 31 (10.7%) and 58 (8.0%). HPV 18 was only detected in 5.0%. Co-infections were found in 30.7% of CIN 1 and 18.4% cases of CIN2-3. The highest percentage of HR HPVs was found in those specimens with a CIN2-3 lesion (93.7%).

Conclusion
As our study shows the current tetravalent vaccine could be effective in our geographical area for preventing all the invasive cervical carcinomas. In addition, upon the estimates of the important presence of other HR-HPV types – such as 31, 58, 33 and 52 – in different preneoplasic lesions the effectiveness of HPV vaccination in our geographical area, and others with similar genotype distribution, should be limited.
Transient hypercapnia reveals an underlying cerebrovascular pathology in a murine model for HIV-1 associated neuroinflammation: role of NO-cGMP signaling and normalization by inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-5
Authors: Silva Jharon , Polesskaya Oksana , Knight Walter , Zheng Johnny Ting , Granger Megan , Lopez Tenée , Ontiveros Fernando , Feng Changyong , Yan Chen , Kasischke Karl A , Dewhurst Stephen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is known to be dysregulated in persons with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), for uncertain reasons. This is an important issue because impaired vasoreactivity has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, elevated overall cardiovascular risk and cognitive impairment.

Methods
To test whether dysregulation of CBF might be due to virally-induced neuroinflammation, we used a well-defined animal model (GFAP-driven, doxycycline-inducible HIV-1 Tat transgenic (Tat-tg) mice). We then exposed the mice to a brief hypercapnic stimulus, and assessed cerebrovascular reactivity by measuring 1) changes in cerebral blood flow, using laser Doppler flowmetry and 2) changes in vascular dilation, using in vivo two-photon imaging.

Results
Exposure to brief hypercapnia revealed an underlying cerebrovascular pathology in Tat-tg mice. In control animals, brief hypercapnia induced a brisk increase in cortical flow (20.8% above baseline) and vascular dilation, as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and in vivo two-photon microscopy. These responses were significantly attenuated in Tat-tg mice (11.6% above baseline), but cortical microvascular morphology and capillary density were unaltered, suggesting that the functional pathology was not secondary to vascular remodeling. To examine the mechanistic basis for the diminished cerebrovascular response to brief hypercapnia, Tat-tg mice were treated with 1) gisadenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor and 2) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Gisadenafil largely restored the normal increase in cortical flow following hypercapnia in Tat-tg mice (17.5% above baseline), whereas BH4 had little effect. Gisadenafil also restored the dilation of small (<25 μm) arterioles following hypercapnia (19.1% versus 20.6% diameter increase in control and Tat-tg plus gisadenafil, respectively), although it failed to restore full dilation of larger (>25 μm) vessels.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data show that HIV-associated neuroinflammation can cause cerebrovascular pathology through effects on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) metabolism and possibly on PDE5 metabolism.
The effect of fluid viscosity, habitat temperature, and body size on the flow disturbance of Euchaeta
Authors: Catton Kimberly B. , Webster Donald R. , Yen Jeannette 
Published: November 2012

Lay AbstractCopepods are small marine invertebrates that are one of the most abundant multicellular organisms on Earth. They serve as an important link in the marine food chain between small oceanic plant life, called phytoplankton, and larger organisms such as fish. As with all organisms, they must adapt to the surrounding fluid environment. Since copepods are small, they inhabit an aquatic flow regime that provides a balance of inertial and fluid viscous forces on the organism. The flow created by copepods controls, to a large degree, the interaction with prey, predators, and other individuals of the same species. Hence, examination of the flow disturbances created during cruise and escape behaviors provides insight into the method and consequences of propulsion in this unique flow environment. The genus Euchaeta includes species that inhabit ocean waters at different latitudes extending from the subtropics to the poles. The body shapes of these species are very similar, with the primary difference being much larger body size in colder waters. Thus, Euchaeta species provide a natural experiment to study adaptation to fluid property variation between habitats. Here, variation in body size, swimming and escape speeds, or viscosity has direct consequences on the hydrodynamic disturbance created by organism motion. We expected that body size and viscosity would work in opposite directions in shaping the spatial and temporal properties of the hydrodynamic disturbances generated by these copepod species. The results reveal an intriguing interplay between body size and the fluid environment that alters planktonic interactions, including the ability to prey on food items and the ability to escape from predators, in a complex manner. The complex interaction for the genus Euchaeta partially explains species adaptations to the local environmental conditions.
Soil pollution with trace elements at selected sites in Romania studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis
Authors: Pantelica Ana , do Carmo Freitas Maria , Ene Antoaneta , Steinnes Eiliv 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to determine concentrations of 42 elements in samples of surface soil collected at seven sites polluted from various anthropogenic activities and a control site in a relatively clean area. Elements studied were Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Hg, K, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Yb, Zn, and Zr. The results are compared with data for trace elements atmospheric deposition in lichen transplants from the same sites. The most severe soil contamination was observed at Copsa Mica from non-ferrous metallurgy. Appreciable soil contamination was also indicated at Baia Mare (non-ferrous mining and metallurgy), Deva (coal-fired power plant, cement and building materials industry), Galati (ferrous metallurgy), Magurele and Afumati (general urban pollution), and Oradea (chemical and light industries). In most cases excessive levels of toxic metals in soils matched correspondingly high values in lichen transplants. Compared to Romanian norms, legal upper limits were exceeded for Zn and Cd at Copsa Mica. Also, As and Sb occurred in excessive levels at given sites.
Cross section measurements and theoretical calculations of proton induced nuclear reactions on natural tellurium
Authors: Kandil S. A. , Al-Abyad M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Excitation functions of the reactions natTe(p,xn)123,124,126,130I were measured from their respective thresholds up to 17 MeV. The conventional stacked-foil technique was used where the samples for irradiation were prepared by a sedimentation process. The measured excitation functions were compared with both the data available in the literature and the results of theoretical calculations using the codes TALYS-1.2 and ALICE-IPPE. The present experimental data show good agreement with TALYS-1.2 calculations but some deviations from ALICE-IPPE results. From the experimental data the integral yields of the investigated radionuclides were calculated as a function of the proton energy. The most dominating product is 130I.
Vaccination Coverage Among American Indian and Alaska Native Children, 2006–2010
Authors: Groom Amy V. , Santibanez Tammy A. , Bryan Ralph T. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
A previous study on vaccination coverage in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population found that disparities in coverage between AI/AN and white children existed from 2001 to 2004 but were absent in 2005. The objective of this study was to describe vaccination coverage levels for AI/AN children aged 19-35 months in the United States between 2006 and 2010, examining whether gains found for AI/AN children in 2005 have been sustained.

METHODS:
Data from the 2006 through 2010 National Immunization Surveys were analyzed. Groups were defined as AI/AN (alone or in combination with any other race and excluding Hispanics) and white-only non-Hispanic children. Comparisons in demographics and vaccination coverage were made.

RESULTS:
Demographic risk factors often associated with underimmunization were significantly higher for AI/AN respondents compared with white respondents in most years studied. Overall, vaccination coverage was similar between the 2 groups in most years, although coverage with 4 or more doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was lower for AI/AN children in 2008 and 2009, as was coverage with vaccine series measures the series in 2006 and 2009. When stratified by geographic regions, AI/AN children had coverage that was similar to or higher than that of white children for most vaccines in most years studied.

CONCLUSIONS:
The gains in vaccination coverage found in 2005 have been maintained. The absence of disparities in coverage with most vaccines between AI/AN children and white children from 2006 through 2010 is a clear success. These types of periodic reviews are important to ensure we remain vigilant.
Systemic Inflammation (C-Reactive Protein) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Is Associated With Ambient Air Pollution in Pune City, India
Authors: Khafaie Morteza A. , Salvi Sundeep S. , Ojha Ajay , Khafaie Behzad , Gore Sharad S. , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To study the association between ambient air pollutants and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in 1,392 type 2 diabetic patients in Pune, India.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted that linked daily time series of ambient air pollution data (obtained from central monitoring sites) and plasma CRP concentration in type 2 diabetic patients from the Wellcome Trust Genetic (WellGen) Study, recruited between March 2005 and May 2007. Air pollution effects on CRP concentration were investigated with delays (lags) of 0–7 days and multiday averaging spans of 7, 14, and 30 days before blood collection adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, treatment with agents with anti-inflammatory action, season, air temperature, and relative humidity.

RESULTS
Median CRP concentration was 3.49 mg/L. For 1 SD increase in SO2 and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) concentrations in ambient air, a day before blood collection (lag1), we observed a significant increase in CRP (9.34 and 7.77%, respectively). The effect was higher with lag2 (12.42% for SO2 and 11.60% for NOx) and wore off progressively thereafter. We also found a significant association with multiday averaging times of up to 30 and 7 days for SO2 and NOx, respectively. No significant associations were found between particulate matter with an aerodynamic profile ≤10 µm (PM10) and CRP concentration except in summer. The association was significantly higher among patients with a shorter duration of diabetes, and in those not on statin and thiazolidinedione treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate, for the first time, a possible contribution of ambient air pollution to systemic inflammation in Indian type 2 diabetic patients. This may have implications for vascular complications of diabetes.