bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mark of adaptive memory in healthy and cognitively impaired older adults and elderly
Authors: Pandeirada Josefa N. S. , Pinho Maria Salomé , Faria Ana Lúcia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe survival processing paradigm has recently drawn attention to the functional aspects of memory functioning. The survival effect, characterized by better memory performance when information is processed in a survival context, as compared with a variety of controls, is now well established in healthy populations. The main goal of this study was to test this paradigm in a group of cognitively impaired older adults and elderly; their data were compared to the data obtained in a group of healthy older adults and elderly. Seventeen cognitively impaired and 17 healthy participants performed a typical survival task using a blocked within‐subject design procedure and free recall as the memory test. The healthy older adults and elderly performed better on this memory task as well as on other tests included in a neuropsychological evaluation protocol. Importantly, both groups benefited from survival processing. These results provide further support for the power of survival processing, extending this phenomenon to cognitively impaired aging participants. The data also suggest that the survival effect is not simply a form of deep processing. Potential applied considerations are presented.
Serum bromide concentrations following loading dose in epileptic dogs
Authors: Gindiciosi B. , Palus V. , Eminaga S. , Villiers E. , Bruto Cherubini G. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine serum bromide concentrations following an oral loading dose in dogs.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records of dogs suffering from seizures that were treated with bromide. A loading dose of 600 mg/kg potassium bromide was administered orally in 17 to 48 hours together with a maintenance dose of 30 mg/kg/day. Blood samples were collected within 24 hours after completing the protocol and serum bromide concentrations were determined by ultra‐violet gold chloride colorimetric assay.ResultsThirty‐eight dogs were included in the study. The median age was 3 (range, 0 · 2 to 10) years and bodyweight 21 · 8 (3 · 45 to 46 · 2) kg. The median serum bromide concentration was 1 · 26 (0 · 74 to 3 · 6) mg/mL. Thirty‐two dogs (84 · 2%) had serum bromide concentrations within the therapeutic interval (1 to 3 mg/mL). The serum concentration in five dogs (13 · 2%) was just under the minimal therapeutic value and in one dog (2 · 6%) it exceeded the maximal therapeutic value (3 · 6 mg/mL).Clinical RelevanceFollowing this oral loading dose protocol, serum bromide concentrations reach the therapeutic range in the majority of dogs. This indicates that the suggested protocol is effective in achieving therapeutic concentrations rapidly in epileptic dogs.
Aberrant expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 in tumour cells predicts an unfavourable outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ohno Akinobu , Yorita Kenji , Haruyama Yukihiro , Kondo Kazuhiro , Kato Atsuhiko , Ohtomo Toshihiko , Kawaguchi Makiko , Marutuska Kousuke , Chijiiwa Kazuo , Kataoka Hiroaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThe tumour cell microenvironment, which includes local oxygen saturation, pericellular pH and stromal cells, can modulate tumour progression. This study determined the prognostic impact of infiltrating tumour‐associated macrophages and the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and glypican 3 (GPC3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical specimens.MethodsA total of 225 cases of resected HCC were subjected to immunohistochemical analyses of CD68, CD204, MCT4 and GPC3. Immunoreactivities and other common clinicopathological parameters were subjected to univariate prognostic analyses for overall survival (OS, n = 225) and disease‐free survival (DFS, n = 222). All variables with prognostic impact were further analysed in multivariate analysis.ResultsIncreased intratumoural infiltration of CD204‐positive or MCT4‐positive macrophages suggested shorter OS (P = 0.015 or P = 0.001 respectively), but DFS was not altered. The GPC3 score (with an emphasis on circumferential immunoreactivity) was correlated with shorter OS and DFS. Aberrant expression of MCT4 in HCC cells was observed in a subset of HCC cases (21%, 47/225). In those cases, significantly poorer OS (P < 0.0001) and DFS (P = 0.0003) were observed, and there was a positive correlation with the intratumoural infiltration of CD204‐ or MCT4‐positive macrophages and the GPC3 score. Multivariate analysis showed that aberrant MCT4 expression in HCC cells was an independent prognostic factor for shorter OS (P = 0.018) and DFS (P = 0.006) after resection of HCC.ConclusionAberrant expression of MCT4 in carcinoma cells serves as a novel, independent prognostic factor for HCC, indicating a poorer patient outcome.
Genetic component of flammability variation in aMediterranean shrub
Authors: Moreira B. , Castellanos M. C. , Pausas J. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecurrent fires impose a strong selection pressure in many ecosystems worldwide. In such ecosystems, plant flammability is of paramount importance because it enhances population persistence, particularly in non‐resprouting species. Indeed, there is evidence of phenotypic divergence of flammability under different fire regimes. Our general hypothesis is that flammability‐enhancing traits are adaptive; here, we test whether they have a genetic component. To test this hypothesis, we used the postfire obligate seederUlex parviflorusfrom sites historically exposed to different fire recurrence. We associated molecular variation in potentially adaptive loci detected with a genomic scan (usingAFLPmarkers) with individual phenotypic variability in flammability across fire regimes. We found that at least 42% of the phenotypic variation in flammability was explained by the genetic divergence in a subset ofAFLPloci. In spite of generalized gene flow, the genetic variability was structured by differences in fire recurrence. Our results provide the first field evidence supporting that traits enhancing plant flammability have a genetic component and thus can be responding to natural selection driven by fire. These results highlight the importance of flammability as an adaptive trait in fire‐prone ecosystems.
A dimeric PR‐1‐type pathogenesis‐related protein interacts with ToxA and potentially mediates ToxA‐induced necrosis in sensitive wheat
Authors: Lu Shunwen , Faris Justin D. , Sherwood Robert , Friesen Timothy L. , Edwards Michael C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryA dimeric PR‐1‐type pathogenesis‐related protein (PR‐1‐5), recently identified in wheat, was found to interact with Stagonospora nodorum ToxA in both yeast two‐hybrid and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. Site‐specific mutational analyses revealed that the RGD motif of ToxA is not targeted by PR‐1‐5, whereas two surface‐exposed asparagine residues are essential for the interaction: the N102 residue of the turning loop between β2 and β3 in ToxA and the N141 residue of the turning loop between βC and βD in PR‐1‐5. Recombinant PR‐1‐5 and ToxA mutant proteins carrying alanine substitutions at the interacting sites were expressed in Pichia pastoris, together with the wild‐type proteins. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) confirmed that the PR‐1‐5‐N141A mutant retains the ability to form dimers. Plant assays indicated that the ToxA‐N102A mutant fails to induce necrosis, whereas the PR‐1‐5‐N141A mutant is impaired in the ‘necrosis‐promoting’ activity shown by the wild‐type PR‐1‐5 when co‐infiltrated with ToxA in sensitive wheat. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed that the native PR‐1‐5 protein is differentially expressed between ToxA‐sensitive and ToxA‐insensitive wheat lines in response to ToxA treatment. These results suggest that PR‐1‐5 is a potential target of ToxA and the site‐specific interaction between PR‐1‐5 and ToxA may mediate ToxA‐induced necrosis in sensitive wheat.
Heparin increasing podocyte‐specific gene expressions
Authors: Yaoita Eishin , Yoshida Yutaka , Nameta Masaaki , Zhang Ying , Fujinaka Hidehiko , Magdeldin Sameh , Xu Bo , Yamamoto Tadashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimHeparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, has been shown to have a renoprotective effect on renal diseases, but its mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of heparin on podocytes by using primary cultured podocytes positive for podocyte‐specific markers including podocin and podocalyxin.MethodsPodocytes were cultured from highly purified glomeruli isolated by the method with renal perfusion with magnetic beads and digestion of collagenase. Podocyte‐specific gene expressions and proteins were examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsReal‐time PCR showed that addition of heparin to the culture media significantly upregulated most of the podocyte‐specific genes in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Western blotting showed a marked increase in protein levels of nephrin and podocin. Podocin localization at cell–cell contact sites became conspicuous in the presence of heparin. The effect of heparin was observed even in culture media deprived of bovine foetal serum. Heparan sulfate, less sulfated than heparin, and hyaluronan did not show such effects, but sulfated dextran did markedly.ConclusionHeparin acts on cultured podocytes to increase podocyte‐specific gene expressions. A high degree of sulfation is crucial for the effect of heparin.
Verticillium transcription activator of adhesion Vta2 suppresses microsclerotia formation and is required for systemic infection of plant roots
Authors: Tran Van‐Tuan , Braus‐Stromeyer Susanna A. , Kusch Harald , Reusche Michael , Kaever Alexander , Kühn Anika , Valerius Oliver , Landesfeind Manuel , Aßhauer Kathrin , Tech Maike , Hoff Katharina , Pena‐Centeno Tonatiuh , Stanke Mario , Lipka Volker , Braus Gerhard H. 
Published: January 2014

Summary

Six transcription regulatory genes of the Verticillium plant pathogen, which reprogrammed nonadherent budding yeasts for adhesion, were isolated by a genetic screen to identify control elements for early plant infection.

Verticillium transcription activator of adhesion Vta2 is highly conserved in filamentous fungi but not present in yeasts. The Magnaporthe grisea ortholog conidiation regulator Con7 controls the formation of appressoria which are absent in Verticillium species. Vta2 was analyzed by using genetics, cell biology, transcriptomics, secretome proteomics and plant pathogenicity assays.

Nuclear Vta2 activates the expression of the adhesin‐encoding yeast flocculin genes FLO1 and FLO11. Vta2 is required for fungal growth of Verticillium where it is a positive regulator of conidiation. Vta2 is mandatory for accurate timing and suppression of microsclerotia as resting structures. Vta2 controls expression of 270 transcripts, including 10 putative genes for adhesins and 57 for secreted proteins. Vta2 controls the level of 125 secreted proteins, including putative adhesins or effector molecules and a secreted catalase‐peroxidase. Vta2 is a major regulator of fungal pathogenesis, and controls host‐plant root infection and H2O2 detoxification.

Verticillium impaired in Vta2 is unable to colonize plants and induce disease symptoms. Vta2 represents an interesting target for controlling the growth and development of these vascular pathogens.
Associations between predictors of children's dietary intake and socioeconomic position: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Zarnowiecki D. M. , Dollman J. , Parletta N. 
Published: January 2014

SummarySocioeconomically disadvantaged children are at higher risk of consuming poor diets, in particular less fruits and vegetables and more non‐core foods and sweetened beverages. Currently the drivers of socioeconomically related differences in children's dietary intake are not well understood. This systematic review explored whether dietary predictors vary for children of different socioeconomic circumstances. Seven databases and reference lists of included material were searched for studies investigating predictors of 9–13‐year‐old children's diet in relation to socioeconomic position. Individual‐ and population‐based cross‐sectional, cohort and epidemiological studies published in English and conducted in developed countries were included. Twenty‐eight studies were included in this review; most were conducted in Europe (n = 12) or North America (n = 10). The most frequently used indicators of socioeconomic position were parent education and occupation. Predictors of children's dietary intake varied among children of different socioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic position was consistently associated with children's nutrition knowledge, parent modelling, home food availability and accessibility. Indeterminate associations with socioeconomic position were observed for parent feeding practices and food environment near school. Differences in the determinants of eating between socioeconomic groups provide a better understanding of the drivers of socioeconomic disparities in dietary intake, and how to develop targeted intervention strategies.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of Gasserian Ganglion for 2nd‐ and Multiple‐Division Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Kosugi Shizuko , Shiotani Masahiro , Otsuka Yasuhisa , Suzuki Takeshi , Katori Nobuyuki , Hashiguchi Saori , Morisaki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the long‐term outcome of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PRT) of the Gasserian ganglion for the 2nd division and multiple division trigeminal neuralgia (TN), compared to the isolated 3rd division TN.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐eight procedures performed in 89 patients with typical TN between April 2004 and September 2011 in a single pain center were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline characteristics of these patients, immediate outcome, duration pain‐free, and complications were obtained from their medical records and questionnaires sent in June 2012. Duration pain‐free was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsOf the 148 PRT of the Gasserian ganglion, 37 procedures were performed for isolated 2nd‐division TN (V2 TN), 67 procedures were for both 2nd‐ and 3rd‐division TN (V2 + V3 TN), and 38 procedures were for isolated 3rd‐division TN (V3 TN). The remaining 6 procedures were performed for V1 + V2 TN and V1 + V2 + V3 TN. Immediate success rates of PRT for V2 TN, V2 + V3 TN, and V3 TN were 100%, 86.6%, and 100%, respectively, whereas the durations pain‐free for V2 TN and V2 + V3 TN were significantly shorter than that for V3 TN (9, 12, and 36 months, respectively: P = 0.012).ConclusionFor 2nd‐division TN and multiple‐division TN, less long‐term pain relief after PRT of the Gasserian ganglion can be expected compared with that for isolated trigeminal 3rd‐division neuralgia, even if immediate pain relief is achieved.
Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Calandre Elena P. , Navajas‐Rojas Mª Angustias , Ballesteros Javier , Garcia‐Carrillo Jocelyne , Garcia‐Leiva Juan M. , Rico‐Villademoros Fernando 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChronic pain, sleep disturbances, and depression, which are relevant symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome, have been demonstrated to be associated with an increased likelihood of suicidal behaviors. Mortality from suicide has been shown to be greater among patients with fibromyalgia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation among a sample of patients with fibromyalgia and to evaluate its relationship with the clinical symptomatology of fibromyalgia. Baseline data from fibromyalgia patients willing to participate in different clinical studies were collected. Outcome measures included the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the SF‐12 Health Survey. The scores for these scales were compared between patients with and without suicidal ideation. The presence of suicidal ideation was assessed using the answer provided to item 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory. The results were adjusted by age, sex, total comorbidity, and time since diagnosis with multiple linear regression. The sample comprised 373 patients of whom one hundred and seventy‐nine (48%) reported suicidal ideation: 148 (39.7%) reported passive suicidal ideation and 31 (8.3%) active suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was markedly associated with depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and global mental health, whereas only weak relationships were observed between suicidal ideation and both pain and general physical health.
Quality Pain Management in the Hospital Setting from the Patient's Perspective
Authors: Zoëga Sigridur , Sveinsdottir Herdis , Sigurdsson Gisli H. , Aspelund Thor , Ward Sandra E. , Gunnarsdottir Sigridur 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundPain management is a crucial issue for patients, and patients’ perception of care is an important quality outcome criterion for health care institutions. Pain remains a common problem in hospitals, with subsequent deleterious effects on well‐being.ObjectivesTo assess the epidemiology of pain (frequency, severity, and interference), patient participation in pain treatment decisions, and patient satisfaction with care in a hospital setting.MethodsA point‐prevalence study was conducted. Data were collected with the American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire (Icelandic version). Participants (n = 308) were ≥ 18 years old, alert, and hospitalized for ≥ 24 hours.ResultsThe response rate was 73%. The mean age of participants was 67.5 (SD = 17.4; range 18 to 100) years, and 49% were men. Pain prevalence in the past 24 hours was 83%, mean worst pain severity was 4.6 (SD = 3.1), and 35% experienced severe pain (≥ 7 on 0 to 10 scale). Moderate to severe interference with activities and sleep was experienced by 36% and 29% of patients respectively. Patient participation in decision making was weakly associated with spending less time in severe pain and better pain relief. Patient satisfaction was related to spending less time in severe pain, better pain relief, and lower pain severity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPain was both prevalent and severe in the hospital, but patient participation in decision making was related to better outcomes. Optimal pain management, with emphasis on patient participation in decision making, should be encouraged in an effort to improve the quality of care in hospitals.
Global state of sunscreens
Authors: Osterwalder Uli , Sohn Myriam , Herzog Bernd 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe use of sunscreen is embedded in a hierarchy of sun protection strategies consisting primarily of sun avoidance by seeking shade and covering up with clothing. Sunscreens are, however, important means of protection; thus, understanding how they work and knowing their limitations are crucial. This review explains the role of ultraviolet (UV) filters, emollients, emulsifier systems and other components in a sunscreen, as well as trends in formulations in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia Pacific. Furthermore, it explains how sunscreen performance in terms of sun protection factor, UVA protection, and other metrics can be simulated. The role of sensory characteristics in assessing and improving compliance is also discussed. In the final chapter, Facts and Fiction, five of the most common myths about sun exposure and sun protection by sunscreen are debunked.
Exploration of plant growth and development using the European Modular Cultivation System facility on the International Space Station
Authors: Kittang A. ‐I. , Iversen T. ‐H. , Fossum K. R. , Mazars C. , Carnero‐Diaz E. , Boucheron‐Dubuisson E. , Le Disquet I. , Legué V. , Herranz R. , Pereda‐Loth V. , Medina F. J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpace experiments provide a unique opportunity to advance our knowledge of how plants respond to the space environment, and specifically to the absence of gravity. The European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS) has been designed as a dedicated facility to improve and standardise plant growth in the International Space Station (ISS). The EMCS is equipped with two centrifuges to perform experiments in microgravity and with variable gravity levels up to 2.0 g. Seven experiments have been performed since the EMCS was operational on the ISS. The objectives of these experiments aimed to elucidate phototropic responses (experiments TROPI‐1 and ‐2), root gravitropic sensing (GRAVI‐1), circumnutation (MULTIGEN‐1), cell wall dynamics and gravity resistance (Cell wall/Resist wall), proteomic identification of signalling players (GENARA‐A) and mechanism of InsP3 signalling (Plant signalling). The role of light in cell proliferation and plant development in the absence of gravity is being analysed in an on‐going experiment (Seedling growth). Based on the lessons learned from the acquired experience, three preselected ISS experiments have been merged and implemented as a single project (Plant development) to study early phases of seedling development. A Topical Team initiated by European Space Agency (ESA), involving experienced scientists on Arabidopsis space research experiments, aims at establishing a coordinated, long‐term scientific strategy to understand the role of gravity in Arabidopsis growth and development using already existing or planned new hardware.
Comparison of Botrytis cinerea airborne inoculum progress curves from raspberry, strawberry and grape plantings
Authors: Carisse O. , Tremblay D. M. , Lefebvre A. 
Published: January 2014

Airborne Botrytis cinerea conidia concentration was monitored using a new qPCR assay in strawberry, raspberry and grape plantings in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Airborne inoculum progress curves (IPCs) were constructed and analysed using the maximum ACC (Ymax), ACC during the flowering period (Yf), and area under the IPC (AUIPCstd) and descriptors derived from fitting growth models. The structure of IPCs was examined by conducting multivariate principal component analyses. The dimensionality of the data was reduced to two principal components (PCs) accounting for 86·12% of the variation. All descriptors derived from growth models were associated with PC1 and descriptors derived directly from the data were associated with PC2. Based on principal component analysis, the structure of the IPCs varied with the crop, with AUIPCstd values of 28·18, 42·79 and 155·83 and Yf values of 53·58, 20·14 and 142·54 conidia m−3 h−1 in raspberry, strawberry and grape, respectively. Time to 50% of the maximum inoculum concentration was lower in raspberry and strawberry than in grape. The IPCs monitored in raspberry were characterized by narrow ranges for mean absolute rate (0·012–0·016) and AUIPCstd (16·80–48·85), the IPCs monitored in strawberry were characterized by wide ranges for mean absolute rate (0·031–0·080) and AUIPCstd (12·31–98·39), and the IPCs monitored in grape crops were characterized by a lower mean absolute rate (0·006–0·012) and a higher AUIPCstd (50·95–335·14).