bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of Zonal Mean Tropical Temperatures Derived from a Decade of GPS Radio Occultation Data
Authors: Randel William J. , Wu Fei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Variability in tropical zonal mean temperatures over 10–30 km is analyzed based on high-quality, high-vertical-resolution GPS temperature measurements covering 2001–13. The observations are used to quantify variability spanning time scales of weeks to over a decade, with focus on behavior of the tropopause region and coupling with the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Large variations associated with the seasonal cycle, quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are isolated and removed, and residual time series are analyzed using principal components and spectrum analysis. The residual temperature exhibits maximum variance in the lower stratosphere, with a vertical structure similar to the seasonal cycle. Residual temperatures exhibit two dominant modes of variability: a “deep stratosphere mode” tied to high-latitude planetary wave forcing and a shallow “near-tropopause mode” linked to dynamically forced upwelling near the tropopause. Variations in the cold point tropopause (and by inference in global stratospheric water vapor) are closely tied to the near-tropopause mode. These coherent temperature patterns provide further evidence of distinct upper and lower branches of the tropical Brewer–Dobson circulation. Zonal mean temperatures in the lower stratosphere and near the cold point are most strongly coupled to the upper troposphere on time scales of ~(30–60) days, probably linked to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). Enhanced temperature variance near the tropopause is consistent with the long radiative relaxation time scales in the lower stratosphere, which makes this region especially sensitive to low-frequency dynamical forcing.
Cluster headache and the hypocretin receptor 2 reconsidered: A genetic association study and meta-analysis
Authors: Weller Claudia M , Wilbrink Leopoldine A , Houwing-Duistermaat Jeanine J , Koelewijn Stephany C , Vijfhuizen Lisanne S , Haan Joost , Ferrari Michel D , Terwindt Gisela M , van den Maagdenberg Arn MJM , de Vries Boukje 
Published: November 2014

Background Cluster headache is a severe neurological disorder with a complex genetic background. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2653349; p.Ile308Val) in the HCRTR2 gene that encodes the hypocretin receptor 2 is the only genetic factor that is reported to be associated with cluster headache in different studies. However, as there are conflicting results between studies, we re-evaluated its role in cluster headache. Methods We performed a genetic association analysis for rs2653349 in our large Leiden University Cluster headache Analysis (LUCA) program study population. Systematic selection of the literature yielded three additional studies comprising five study populations, which were included in our meta-analysis. Data were extracted according to predefined criteria. Results A total of 575 cluster headache patients from our LUCA study and 874 controls were genotyped for HCRTR2 SNP rs2653349 but no significant association with cluster headache was found (odds ratio 0.91 (95% confidence intervals 0.75–1.10), p = 0.319). In contrast, the meta-analysis that included in total 1167 cluster headache cases and 1618 controls from the six study populations, which were part of four different studies, showed association of the single nucleotide polymorphism with cluster headache (random effect odds ratio 0.69 (95% confidence intervals 0.53–0.90), p = 0.006). The association became weaker, as the odds ratio increased to 0.80, when the meta-analysis was repeated without the initial single South European study with the largest effect size. Conclusions Although we did not find evidence for association of rs2653349 in our LUCA study, which is the largest investigated study population thus far, our meta-analysis provides genetic evidence for a role of HCRTR2 in cluster headache. Regardless, we feel that the association should be interpreted with caution as meta-analyses with individual populations that have limited power have diminished validity.
A survey of manufacturing and handling practices for monoclonal antibodies by pharmacy, nursing and medical personnel
Authors: Alexander M , King J , Lingaratnam S , Byrne J , MacMillan K , Mollo A , Kirsa S , Green M 
Published: November 2014

Introduction There is a paucity of data available to assess the occupational health and safety risk associated with exposure to monoclonal antibodies. Industry standards and published guidelines are conflicting or outdated. Guidelines offer contrary recommendations based on an array of methodological approaches. This survey aimed to describe current practices, beliefs and attitudes relating to the handling of monoclonal antibodies by Australian medical, nursing and pharmacy clinicians. Methods An electronic survey was distributed between June and September 2013. Respondents were surveyed on three focus areas: institutional guideline availability and content, current practices and attitudes. Demographic data relating to respondent and primary place of practice were also collected. Results A total of 222 clinicians completed the survey, with representation from all targeted professional groups and from a variety of geographic locations. 92% of respondents reported that their institution prepared or administered monoclonal antibodies, with 87% specifically handling anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were mostly prepared onsite (84–90%) and mostly within pharmacy clean-rooms (75%) and using cytotoxic cabinets (61%). 43% of respondents reported access to institutional monoclonal antibody handling guidelines with risk reduction strategies including training and education (71%), spill and waste management (71%), procedures for transportation (57%) and restricted handling (50%). Nurses had a stronger preference towards pharmacy manufacturing than both doctors and pharmacists for a range of clinical scenarios. 95% of all respondents identified that professional or regulatory body guidelines are an important resource when considering handling practices. Conclusion Monoclonal antibodies are most commonly handled according to cytotoxic drug standards and often in the absence of formal guidelines.
Incidence and clinical significance of iliac vein compression
Authors: Nazzal M , El-Fedaly M , Kazan V , Qu W , Renno AW , Al-Natour M , Abbas J 
Published: November 2014

Objectives To determine the frequency of left common iliac vein (CIV) compression by the right common iliac artery (CIA) based on CT scan images. Methods CT scan images were reviewed and the diameter of CIV was measured at the area of minimal diameter and compared to the distal adjacent segment and the contralateral CIV at the same level. Medical records were reviewed for symptoms, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and risk factors that might be associated with DVT. Data were analyzed with SPSS program using both Chi square and t test. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Linear regression (R2) was used to evaluate correlation. Results A total of 300 complete records were reviewed. The mean age was 51.89 years, with 126 (42%) males. Comparison between the two groups (>70% vs <70%) showed similar clinical factors such as history of DVT, surgery, immobilization, malignancy, limb trauma, pregnancy, obesity, CHF, and smoking. There were more females with CIV compression of 70% or more than males (19.5% vs 11.1% P < .049). Conclusion Diameter stenosis more than 70% was present in 30.6% of cases with higher incidence in females. The presence of stenosis was not associated with the presence of clinical symptoms.
Precision of computed tomography urography in diagnosing transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Horsburgh BA , Belfield J , Lynch C 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Computed tomography urography (CTU) has largely replaced excretion urography. Indications for CTU include patients with haematuria and for upper tract surveillance in those with known transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Reporting of a possible TCC can lead to complex clinical decisions regarding further investigation and management. The aim of this study is to ascertain the positive predictive value (PPV) of such reports in a large tertiary centre. Methods: Examinations performed from January 2010 to August 2012 were retrospectively identified. Subsequent diagnosis of TCC was confirmed by histology, cytology or accepted by uro-oncology MDT with absence of histological proof. The PPV of reported TCCs was calculated overall, by tumour site and presentation. Results: A total of 1199 CTU investigations were performed. Analysis revealed the PPV of a reported TCC was 67% for kidney, 44% for ureteric and 85% for bladder lesions. Overall PPV was 68% and 51% for the upper tracts. In patients who attended the haematuria clinic, the PPV was 82% and 88% when positive cytology was included. Conclusion: CTU is an appropriate replacement for excretion urography. However, prompt invasive assessment of the entire urinary tract still remains necessary to confirm a suspected TCC.
IDH2 mutation-induced histone and DNA hypermethylation is progressively reversed by small-molecule inhibition
Authors: Kernytsky Andrew , Wang Fang , Hansen Erica , Schalm Stefanie , Straley Kimberly , Gliser Camelia , Yang Hua , Travins Jeremy , Murray Stuart , Dorsch Marion , Agresta Sam , Schenkein David P. , Biller Scott A. , Su Shinsan M. , Liu Wei , Yen Katharine E. 
Published: November 2014

Key PointsIDH2 R140Q expression in TF-1 cells can induce DNA and histone hypermethylation that mirrors human IDH2 mutant acute myeloid leukemia. The hypermethylation can be reversed on treatment with AGI-6780, an IDH2 mutant-specific small-molecule inhibitor.
Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML and responds to EZH2 inhibition
Authors: Sinha Subarna , Thomas Daniel , Yu Linda , Gentles Andrew J. , Jung Namyoung , Corces-Zimmerman M. Ryan , Chan Steven M. , Reinisch Andreas , Feinberg Andrew P. , Dill David L. , Majeti Ravindra 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
Boolean implications are a useful computational algorithm to mine mutation-specific methylation relationships in large cancer data sets. Mutant WT1 is associated with DNA hypermethylation of PRC2 targets in AML, and inhibition of EZH2 induces myeloid differentiation.
Phase 2 study of carfilzomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone as induction/consolidation therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Sonneveld Pieter , Asselbergs Emilie , Zweegman Sonja , van der Holt Bronno , Kersten Marie Jose , Vellenga Edo , van Marwijk-Kooy Marinus , Broyl Annemiek , de Weerdt Okke , Lonergan Sarah , Palumbo Antonio , Lokhorst Henk 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
KTd is an effective induction and consolidation regimen for transplant-eligible MM patients. The KTd regimen is safe and well tolerated with a notable lack of peripheral neuropathy.
Platelet PI3Kβ and GSK3 regulate thrombus stability at a high shear rate
Authors: Laurent Pierre-Alexandre , Séverin Sonia , Hechler Béatrice , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Payrastre Bernard , Gratacap Marie-Pierre 
Published: November 2014

Key Points
A key role for platelet PI3Kβ, but not α, and for GSK3 in thrombus stability at a high shear rate. Risk of platelet emboli formation on PI3Kβ inhibition in vivo.
Structural and compositional evolution of FePt nanocubes in oganometallic synthesis
Authors: Zhang Changwang , Wang Hanbin , Mu Yuping , Zhang Jun , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this study, the mechanisms for the formation of FePt nanocubes via pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonate [Fe(CO)5] and platinum(II) acetylacetonate [Pt(acac)2] were investigated. The time evolution of the structure, morphology, and composition of the FePt nanocubes was probed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different reaction stages. On the basis of the detailed characterization, we determined the following aspects of the reaction mechanism: (1) The FePt nanocubes are rapidly formed at 160°C to 180°C by the decomposition of the precursors, and the formation of the FePt nanocubes is dominated by the nucleation of Pt-rich species followed by a slow deposition process of Fe atoms. (2) A thin Fe atomic layer is present on the FePt nanocubes, which does not influence their phase transition into a fct structure. (3) The use of Fe(CO)5 is the key factor leading to the anisotropic growth of the FePt nanocubes, and the Fe(CO)5/Pt(acac)2 molar ratio not only determines the composition of the resulting FePt nanocubes but also affects their morphology and structures.
Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and production of L-ornithine, L-lysine, and lycopene from hexuronic acids
Authors: Hadiati Atika , Krahn Irene , Lindner Steffen N , Wendisch Volker F 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Second-generation feedstocks such as lignocellulosic hydrolysates are more and more in the focus of sustainable biotechnological processes. Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used in industrial amino acid production at a million-ton scale, has been engineered towards utilization of alternative carbon sources. As for other microorganisms, the focus has been set on the pentose sugars present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Utilization of the hexuronic acids D-galacturonic acid (abundant in pectin-rich waste streams such as peels and pulps) and D-glucuronic acid (a component of the side-chains of plant xylans) for growth and production with C. glutamicum has not yet been studied.

Results
Neither aldohexuronic acid supported growth of C. glutamicum as sole or combined carbon source, although its genome encodes a putative uronate isomerase sharing 28% identical amino acids with UxaC from Escherichia coli. Heterologous expression of the genes for both uptake and catabolism of D-galacturonic acid and D-glucuronic acid was required to enable growth of C. glutamicum with either aldohexuronic acid as the sole carbon source. When present in mixtures with glucose, the recombinant C. glutamicum strains co-utilized D-galacturonate with glucose and D-glucuronate with glucose, respectively. When transformed with the plasmid for uptake and catabolism of the aldohexuronates, model producer strains were able to grow with and produce from D-galacturonate or D-glucuronate as sole carbon source.

Conclusions
An easily transferable metabolic engineering strategy for access of C. glutamicum to aldohexuronates was developed and applied to growth and production of the amino acids L-lysine and L-ornithine as well as the terpene lycopene from D-galacturonate or D-glucuronate.
Kinetics and Correlation Analysis of Reactivity in the Oxidation of Some Alkyl Phenyl Sulfides by Benzimidazolium Dichromate
Authors: Pandey Dinesh , Kothari Seema 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The oxidation of some alkyl phenyl sulfides by benzimidazolium dichromate (BIDC) in dimethyl sulfoxide, to the corresponding sulfoxides, is first order with respect to BIDC. Michaelis–Menten type kinetics was observed with respect to sulfide. Thermodynamic parameters for the complex formation and activation parameters for the decomposition of the complex were calculated. The reaction is proton-catalyzed and the order is less than one. It appears that the BIDCH+ is the active electrophile. An intermediate of composition sulfide–BIDC–H+ has been envisaged. The high value of negative entropy of activation suggests a cyclic transition state in the rate-determining step. The reaction exhibited negative polar reaction constants and a small degree of steric hindrance. The rate of oxidation of sulfide was determined in 19 organic solvents. An analysis of the solvent effect by Swain’s equation indicated that though both the anion and cation solvating powers of the solvent contribute to the observed solvent effect, the role of cation solvation is major. A mechanism involving the rate-determining oxygen atom transfer in complex, formed by a nucleophilic attack of sulfide-sulfur on BIDCH+ in a rapid pre-equilibrium, is suggested to give corresponding sulfoxide via. a cyclic transition state.
The Effect of Hydroxycinnamic Acids on Oxy-Radical Generating Iodide–Hydrogen Peroxide Reaction
Authors: Milenkovic Maja C , Potkonjak Nebojša I 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The influence of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) on the oxy-radical generated system, potassium iodide/hydrogen peroxide, was investigated through the enhancement of triiodide (I3−) yield. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were used as typical representatives of HCA. A linear correlation, with positive slopes, was found between absorption maximum of I3− at 351 nm and HCA concentration in all cases. The magnitude of enhanced I3− production was found to increase in the following order: p-coumaric acid &lt; chlorogenic acid ≤ caffeic acid. A reaction mechanism, which includes negative influence of oxygen-centered free radicals on the I3− yield, was proposed. The enhanced production of I3− by HCA is attributed to their radical scavenging activity. Supported by literature data, results obtained in this study have showed the correlation between radical scavenging activities of HCA and their ability to enhanced I3− generation.
The Rituals of Reformed Discipline: Managing Honor and Conflict in the Scottish Church of Rotterdam, 1643–1665
Authors: Catterall Douglas 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der Aufsatz untersucht die Spannungen, die sich aus der calvinistischen Kirchenzucht und deren Rituale der Wiedergutmachung und Versöhnung in der schottischen Kirche Rotterdam ergaben. Der Autor zeigt, daß die nach Rotterdam eingewanderten Schotten stark durch ihre Migration über Seewege geprägt waren. Daher fühlten sie sich weder der schottischen Gesellschaftsordnung noch der calvinistischen Kirche so verbunden, daß sie die Kirchenzucht ohne Widerstände akzeptierten. Die Gründung der schottischen calvinistischen Kirche in Rotterdam 1643 erfolgte also im Umfeld nicht-calvinistischer Migranten. Die Prädikanten und ältesten waren daher darauf angewiesen, unter den Migranten einen Konsens über die Ziele und Aufgaben der Kirche, insbesondere der Kirchenzucht, herzustellen. Dies erwies sich jedoch als unmöglich: Während es den Migranten bei der Kirchenzucht und der Beilegung von Konflikten vornehmlich um die Sicherung ihrer persönlichen Ehre ging, stellte das Konsistorium die auf göttlichem Frieden beruhende Einheit der Gemeinde in den Vordergrund. Langfristig traten an die Stelle der öffentlichen Rituale der Wiedergutmachung und Versöhnung vor der Gemeinde Rituale des Gewissens, die auf das Individuum abzielten und damit zugleich die Unverletzbarkeit der persönlichen Ehre gewährleisteten.
Reformierte Eliten im Preußenland: Religion, Politik und Loyalitäten in der Familie Dohna (1560–1660)
Authors: Bömelburg Hans-Jürgen 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The archives of the Dohna family contain materials on the efforts at creating a “Second Reformation” in the Duchy of Prussia, where the early establishment of a Lutheran confessional foundation (the Corpus doctrinae pruthenicum| of 1567/68) and a solid ecclesiastical constitution prevented Calvinism from gaining a foothold. The Reformed creed found followers among the nobility through connections with the Reformed territories in the Holy Roman Empire, by close contact with Reformed theologians in royal Prussia, and by connections with the Calvinist church of the nobility in Poland and Lithuania. This network radiated into ducal Prussia, where the Dohnas became Calvinists. During the first three decades of the seventeenth century this led to a conflict between the Reformed party and the Lutheran majority among the theologians and the lower nobility. Drawing on the support of the Polish king, the Lutheran party succeeded between 1610 and 1620 in shutting out the Reformed officeholders by means of lawsuits and unequivocal oath formulas. The Reformed nobility were not helped by the connection they forged in 1613 with the equally Reformed territorial ruler because he had to take into account the Polish crown as well as ecclesiastical legal determinations in ducal Prussia.
The Dohnas, who stood close to the Calvinist “party of movement,” tried nevertheless to introduce elements of the Reformed faith or to engage men who were inclined toward the Reformed creed into the churches within their patronage. In this context, the Dohnas argued with the noble concepts of patronage held by the Lithuanian Radziwiłłs, who used their rights of patronage to introduce Calvinist pastors. Repeated conflicts arose with the Ko¨ nigsberg consistory and neighboring Lutheran pastors, in the course of which both sides adhered to their positions. On the level of religious symbolism, the Dohnas removed images of saints and programmatically transformed older works of art to conform to Calvinism.
The confessional disputes in the Duchy of Prussia are typologically similar to those in the Prussian cities (Elbing, Danzig, Thorn), except that in the former noble patronage and in the latter bourgeois patronage was contested. It is evident that in eastern Prussia, too, along with Lutheran confessionalization, numerous other religious influences were felt. Therefore, the region can be included more definitely than previously thought in the religious history of eastern central Europe.
Kulturwirkungen konfessioneller Erziehungsmodelle im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert: Zum Forschungskontext des Themenschwerpunkts
Authors: Ehrenpreis Stefan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Reformation and confessionalization are two important phases in the history of early modern education. In the Reformation period new educational concepts and curricula were introduced above all in higher education. In the age of confessionalization both Protestants and Catholics also sought to improve the lower school system. The discourse about education was dominated by classical concepts which were connected with general Christian ethics. New research perspectives include the different cultures of knowledge, of reading and of catechesis because these factors were as important for the general level of literacy as the public school system.
Calvinism, Literacy, and Reading Culture in the Early Modern Northern Netherlands: Towards a Reassessment
Authors: Frijhoff Willem 
Published: November 2014

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Im Gesamtbild der niederländischen Kultur des 17. Jahrhunderts sind Calvinismus und Lesekultur eng miteinander verknüpft. Der Protestantismus, insbesondere die Reformierte Kirche, gilt als wortbezogene und der Bibellektüre verpflichtete Konfession, die den hohen Grad der Alphabetisierung in der niederländischen Republik hervorgebracht habe. Auch dieser Beitrag geht von einer hohen kulturellen Wirkungskraft der frühneuzeitlichen Kirchen in der Republik aus, versucht diese aber in zweierlei Hinsicht zu differenzieren: Während Margaret Spufford den relativ hohen niederländischen Alphabetisierungsgrad vorwiegend auf die schon vorreformatorisch regen Handelsbeziehungen zurückführt, betont der Autor die spätmittelalterliche städtische Bürgerkultur und deren Lesekultur im Umkreis der Devotio Moderna. Auf dieser gemeinsamen Grundlage einer gesellschaftlich breiten Alphabetisierung haben sich dann im Anschluß an die Reformation mehrere unterschiedliche konfessionelle Lesekulturen ausdifferenziert. Bibellektüre wurde zum Kennzeichen der protestantischen Konfessionskultur, während die Katholiken eine stärker rituelle und visuelle Gruppenkultur ausbildeten.