bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial protection induced by fentanyl in pigs exposed to high‐dose adrenaline
Authors: da Luz Vinicius Fernando , Otsuki Denise Aya , Gonzalez Maria Margarita Castro , Negri Elnara Marcia , Caldini Elia Garcia , Damaceno‐Rodrigues Nilsa Regina , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá , Viana Bruno Gonçalves , Vane Matheus Fachini , Carmona Maria Jose Carvalho 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe use of high doses of adrenaline is common in critical patients, especially during cardiac arrest. During these situations, myocardial dysfunction can be a result of multiple factors, including adrenaline use. In addition, opioids have been shown to have anti‐arrhythmic and anti‐ischemic mechanisms that may confer cardiac protection. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fentanyl on myocardial function in pigs exposed to high‐dose adrenaline. After institutional ethics committee approval, 26 pigs were randomly allocated to receive either 20 μg/kg fentanyl (n = 10; fentanyl group) administered 5 min before five doses of adrenaline (20 μg/kg), equivalent‐volume saline (n = 10; saline group) using the same adrenaline dosing protocol, or neither fentanyl nor adrenaline (n = 6; sham group). The fentanyl group showed lower levels of troponin at the end of the sixth hour compared with the saline group (1.91 ± 1.47 vs 5.44 ± 5.35 ng/mL, P = 0.019). Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry also showed less myocardial injury in the fentanyl group. The conclusion was reached that fentanyl attenuates myocardial injury caused by high‐dose adrenaline without blunting the hemodynamic effect of adrenaline.
Pyridostigmine enhances atrial tachyarrhythmias in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Sayin Halil , Scridon Alina , Oréa Valérie , Chapuis Bruno , Chevalier Philippe , Barrès Christian , Julien Claude 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis study examined whether chronic administration of pyridostigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, would exacerbate episodes of spontaneous atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) in conscious, aging, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Telemetric recordings of electrocardiogram (ECG, n = 5) and ECG/arterial pressure (n = 3) were performed in male 49‐week old SHRs. After a 1‐week period of continuous recording under baseline conditions, rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps that delivered pyridostigmine (15 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) for either 1 (n = 8) or 3 (n = 5) weeks. In the latter case, sympathovagal balance was assessed during the last infusion week by measuring heart rate (HR) changes in response to administration of cardiac autonomic blockers. An additional 1‐week recording was performed after explantation of minipumps. Significant (P = 0.02) reductions in HR with no consistent changes in arterial pressure were observed. Frequency and duration of AT episodes were increased by pyridostigmine (0.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.07). This increase was sustained across the 3‐week treatment period and reversible after cessation of treatment. Autonomic blockade revealed that intrinsic HR was above (P = 0.04) resting HR, pointing to a shift of sympathovagal balance towards vagal predominance. However, the respiratory‐related component of HR variability (high‐frequency power of RR interval) was lowered (P = 0.01) by pyridostigmine treatment, indicating reduced vagal modulation of HR. The results are consistent with a pathogenic role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the aging SHR model, and raise the possibility that sustained vagal activation may facilitate atrial arrhythmias.
Both Ox1R and Ox2R orexin receptors contribute to the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the perifornical hypothalamus
Authors: Beig Mirza I , Horiuchi Jouji , Dampney Roger AL , Carrive Pascal 
Published: July 2015

SummaryOrexin/hypocretin neurons are located in and around the perifornical hypothalamus. Disinhibition of this area in the anaesthetized preparation evokes cardiorespiratory changes that can be reduced to nearly half or more by systemic Almorexant, a dual receptor antagonist of the two known orexin receptors, Ox1R and Ox2R. It is not clear if these reductions result from the blockade of one receptor or both. To determine the contribution of the two receptors, we compared the effects of Almorexant to those of the selective Ox1R antagonist ACT335827 and the selective Ox2R antagonists EMPA and TCS‐OX2‐29. Bicuculline (20 pmol) was injected in the perifornical hypothalamus of urethane‐anaesthetized rats before and after administration of the drugs (all 15 mg/kg, intravenously). The pressor, tachycardic and tachypneic responses to bicuculline were attenuated/reduced by ACT335827 (by 19%, ns; 10%, ns and 24%, P < 0.01, respectively), EMPA (by 35% P < 0.01; 6%, ns; and 26% P < 0.05) and TCS‐OX2‐29 (by 13%, ns; 10%, ns and 42%, P < 0.001). These reductions represented only a fraction of the reduction after Almorexant (by 43%, P < 0.001; 42%, P < 0.001 and 65% P < 0.001). However, when the selective Ox1R and Ox2R antagonists were given in combination, the reductions were greater and closer to those of Almorexant (ACT335827 + EMPA, by 26%, P < 0.05; 24%, P < 0.05 and 47%, P < 0.001; ACT335827 + TCS‐OX2‐29, by 40%, P < 0.01; 26%, P < 0.001 and 59%, P < 0.0001). This was particularly clear with the tachypneic response. These results suggest that both orexin receptors contribute to the cardiorespiratory response evoked from the hypothalamus under anaesthesia. They are consistent with our previous study in the conscious animal.
How does the alcohol industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review
Authors: Savell Emily , Fooks Gary , Gilmore Anna B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo systematically review, using a qualitative, narrative synthesis approach, papers examining alcohol industry efforts to influence alcohol marketing policy, and compare with those used by the tobacco industry.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted between April and July 2011, and updated in March 2013. Papers were included if they: made reference to alcohol industry efforts to influence (a) policy debates concerning marketing regulations, (b) new specific marketing policies or (c) broad alcohol policy which included marketing regulations; were written in English; and concerned the period 1990–2013. Alcohol industry political activity was categorized into strategies/tactics and frames/arguments. Data extraction was undertaken by the lead author and 100% of the papers were fully second‐reviewed. Seventeen papers met the review criteria.ResultsFive main political strategies and five main frames were identified. The alcohol industry argues against marketing regulation by emphasizing industry responsibility and the effectiveness of self‐regulation, questioning the effectiveness of statutory regulation and by focusing on individual responsibility. Arguments relating to industry responsibility are often reinforced through corporate social responsibility activities. The industry primarily conveys its arguments through manipulating the evidence base and by promoting ineffective voluntary codes and non‐regulatory initiatives.ConclusionsThe alcohol industry's political activity is more varied than existing models of corporate political activity suggest. The industry's opposition to marketing regulation centres on claims that the industry is responsible and that self regulation is effective. There are considerable commonalities between tobacco and alcohol industry political activity, with differences due potentially to differences in policy contexts and perceived industry legitimacy.
Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Ong Ken K. , Kennedy Kathy , Castañeda‐Gutiérrez Eurídice , Forsyth Stewart , Godfrey Keith M. , Koletzko Berthold , Latulippe Marie E. , Ozanne Susan E. , Rueda Ricardo , Schoemaker Marieke H. , van der Beek Eline M. , van Buuren Stef , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn preterm infants, poor postnatal growth is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes; conversely, rapid postnatal growth is supposedly harmful for future development of metabolic diseases.ConclusionIn this systematic review, observational studies reported consistent positive associations between postnatal weight or head growth and neurocognitive outcomes; however, there was limited evidence from the few intervention studies. Evidence linking postnatal weight gain to later adiposity and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in preterm infants was also limited.
Prevalence, correlates of major depression: A mental health survey among undergraduates at a mainland Chinese university
Authors: Li Wenjun , Meng Xiangfei , Xu Ziqi , Yu Qiong , Shi Jieping , Yu Yaqin , D'Arcy Carl , Huang Yueqin , Kou Changgui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThis cross‐sectional survey among Chinese university students aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) among undergraduates, in order to provide basic information for the prevention and treatment of depression among the college‐aged population.MethodsA total of 2,046 undergraduates were interviewed face to face using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (WHO‐CIDI, version 3.0). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV (DSM‐IV) criteria were used to diagnose MDD. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between MDD and selected correlates.ResultsThe survey response rate was 90.1% (N = 1,843). The prevalence rates of MDD were 3.9% (lifetime), 2.4% (12 months) and 0.4% (30 days). No significant gender or age differences were found in prevalence rates. No sociodemographic characteristics were related to the lifetime prevalence of MDD. In contrast, family structure and environment factors specifically being from a single‐parent family (odds ratio [OR] = 2.513, confidence interval [CI] = 1.404–2.500), parents having mental problems (OR = 1.809, CI = 1.104–2.964), and physical punishment (OR = 1.789, CI = 1.077–3.001) were associated with higher lifetime prevalence of MDD.DiscussionThese findings showed a relatively lower prevalence of DSM‐IV/CIDI MDD in this sample of Chinese undergraduates than that reported for students in other countries. However, the prevalence rate for university students was higher than that reported for general Chinese population. Family structure and socio‐environmental factors in the student's family of origin significantly correlated with the lifetime prevalence of MDD.
The blood pressure lowering potential of sulodexide – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Olde Engberink Rik H. G. , Rorije Nienke M. G. , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. , De Zeeuw Dick , van den Born Bert‐Jan H. , Vogt Liffert 
Published: July 2015

AimsSulodexide is a highly purified mixture of glycosaminoglycans that has been studied for its anti‐albuminuric potential. Considering the effects of glycosaminoglycans on endothelial function and sodium homeostasis, we hypothesized that sulodexide may lower blood pressure (BP). In this meta‐analysis, we therefore investigated the antihypertensive effects of sulodexide treatment.MethodsWe selected randomized controlled trials that investigated sulodexide treatment of at least 4 weeks and measured BP at baseline and after treatment. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study design, risk of bias, population characteristics and outcome measures. In addition, we contacted authors and pharmaceutical companies to provide missing data.ResultsEight studies, totalling 3019 subjects (mean follow‐up 4.4 months) were included. Mean age was 61 years and mean baseline BP was 135/75 mmHg. Compared with control treatment, sulodexide resulted in a significant systolic (2.2 mmHg [95% CI 0.3, 4.1], P = 0.02) and diastolic BP reduction (1.7 mmHg [95% CI 0.6, 2.9], P = 0.004). Hypertensive patients displayed the largest systolic BP and diastolic BP reductions (10.2/5.4 mmHg, P < 0.001). Higher baseline systolic and diastolic BP were significantly associated with larger systolic (r2=0.83, P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (r2=0.41, P = 0.02) reductions after sulodexide treatment. In addition, systolic (r2=0.41, P = 0.03) and diastolic BP reductions (r2=0.60, P = 0.005) were significantly associated with albuminuria reduction.ConclusionOur data suggest that sulodexide treatment results in a significant BP reduction, especially in hypertensive subjects. This indicates that endothelial glycosaminoglycans might be an independent therapy target in cardiovascular disease. Future studies should further address the BP lowering potential of sulodexide.
Multiple Kernel Learning with Random Effects for Predicting Longitudinal Outcomes and Data Integration
Authors: Chen Tianle , Zeng Donglin , Wang Yuanjia 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Predicting disease risk and progression is one of the main goals in many clinical research studies. Cohort studies on the natural history and etiology of chronic diseases span years and data are collected at multiple visits. Although, kernel-based statistical learning methods are proven to be powerful for a wide range of disease prediction problems, these methods are only well studied for independent data, but not for longitudinal data. It is thus important to develop time-sensitive prediction rules that make use of the longitudinal nature of the data. In this paper, we develop a novel statistical learning method for longitudinal data by introducing subject-specific short-term and long-term latent effects through a designed kernel to account for within-subject correlation of longitudinal measurements. Since the presence of multiple sources of data is increasingly common, we embed our method in a multiple kernel learning framework and propose a regularized multiple kernel statistical learning with random effects to construct effective nonparametric prediction rules. Our method allows easy integration of various heterogeneous data sources and takes advantage of correlation among longitudinal measures to increase prediction power. We use different kernels for each data source taking advantage of the distinctive feature of each data modality, and then optimally combine data across modalities. We apply the developed methods to two large epidemiological studies, one on Huntington's disease and the other on Alzheimer's Disease (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADNI) where we explore a unique opportunity to combine imaging and genetic data to study prediction of mild cognitive impairment, and show a substantial gain in performance while accounting for the longitudinal aspect of the data.
Distribution shifts of freshwater fish under a variable climate: comparing climatic, bioclimatic and biotic velocities
Authors: Comte Lise , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimWe aimed to quantify how stream fish species have responded to short‐term variability in climate across eight consecutive periods over the last 20 years by comparing biotic (velocities of observed species range shifts) to expected bioclimatic (velocities of climate‐induced shift in the suitable habitat of species) velocities, a measure combining species‐specific exposure and sensitivity to climate.LocationFrench streams.MethodsOccupancy models were developed to model the distribution of 14 species across eight consecutive time periods between 1992 and 2011 and to project climate‐induced changes in the distribution of suitable area over time. Based on the projected changes in habitat suitability, we first estimated the bioclimatic velocities for each species and each transition between consecutive periods. We then applied the same approach to the observed changes in suitable habitat to estimate the observed biotic velocities. Finally, the velocities of range shifts were compared to those expected on the basis of climate changes for each reach of the hydrographic network and the consistency of distributional responses – and potential lags – across species and transitions were quantified.ResultsWe found that biotic velocities were overall consistent with expectations, with observed responses matching both the direction and magnitude of bioclimatic velocities. Nonetheless, we also show that species consistently lagged behind climate (mean = 4.64 m.year−1). Lags in habitat gain were more pronounced than those in habitat loss and revealed differential vulnerability of local populations within species distributions.Main conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that integrating species‐specific sensitivities to climate into measures of climatic velocities (namely bioclimatic velocities) provide improved expectations for observed range shifts. They also suggest that stream fish may display both low ability to persist under short periods of unfavourable climate and limited capacity to disperse upstream towards newly suitable habitats.
Incorporating habitat availability into systematic planning for restoration: a species‐specific approach for Atlantic Forest mammals
Authors: Crouzeilles Renato , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Mills Morena , Grelle Carlos E. V. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimSpecies persistence often depends not only on habitat protection, but also on habitat restoration. The effectiveness of species conservation through habitat restoration can be enhanced by explicitly considering ‘habitat availability’, the combined effects of the total amount of habitat and its spatial configuration. We develop an approach for prioritizing land for restoration in a complex biome, considering habitat availability, land acquisition cost and biogeographical representation.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest.MethodsWe evaluate alternative restoration prioritization strategies for two mammal species with widely different dispersal abilities and habitat patch requirements. Our strategies focused on minimizing cost while meeting targets for biogeographical subregion representation and habitat availability metrics. We evaluated solutions based on the expected post‐restoration improvement in habitat availability per unit cost.ResultsRestoration through land acquisition to improve habitat availability for both species and to ensure 20% forest cover within each of the Atlantic Forest biogeographical subregions would cost US$ 17.5–20.5 billion. The 12.6 and 11.4 million ha of restored forest resulted in an increase of 10.5% and 9.8% in habitat area and 5518% (55‐fold) and 4100% (41‐fold) in future habitat availability forLeopardus pardalisandCaluromys philander, respectively. We found a high degree of concordance (> 75%) among selected planning units for each species.Main conclusionSubstantial improvements in habitat availability that benefit both species can be realized for minimal additional cost relative to solutions based solely on cost‐minimization and biogeographical subregion representation. We demonstrate that metrics based on metapopulation theory can be quantified in complex systems and used in a systematic restoration prioritization approach to improve habitat availability cost‐effectively. Concordance among priority areas for restoration for species with widely different dispersal abilities and habitat patch requirements supports the idea that many species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest might benefit from plans based on indicator species. This is particularly useful in data‐deficient systems like the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Improvement in executive subfunctions following cerebrospinal fluid tap test identifies idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics
Authors: Laidet M. , Herrmann F. R. , Momjian S. , Assal F. , Allali G. 
Published: July 2015

Background and purposePatients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) present cognitive deficits that overlap with other neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease or vascular dementia, therefore mimicking iNPH. This prospective study aimed to compare cognitive performances between iNPH and iNPH mimics before and after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tapping.MethodsA total of 57 patients with suspicion of iNPH (75.84 ± 6.42 years; 39% female) were included in this study (37 iNPH and 20 iNPH mimics). Neuropsychological assessments were performed before and 24 h after CSF tapping of 40 ml. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between iNPH and cognitive functions, adjusted for age, education, baseline cognitive assessment and disease duration.ResultsBoth groups presented the same baseline cognitive performances. After CSF tapping, iNPH patients improved their semantic (P = 0.001) and phonemic verbal fluencies (P = 0.001), whereas iNPH mimics presented similar performances to before CSF tapping. The phonemic verbal fluency (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.05; 1.96) and the Color Trails Test (odds ratio 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.01; 0.76) improvements were the two discriminative cognitive tests that identified iNPH from iNPH mimics.ConclusionImprovement in executive subfunctions after CSF tapping identified iNPH patients from other neurological conditions that mimic iNPH. These findings respond to clinical issues encountered on a daily basis and would improve the diagnostic process of iNPH.
Ictal perfusion changes associated with seizure progression in the amygdala kindling model in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Cleeren Evy , Casteels Cindy , Goffin Karolien , Janssen Peter , Van Paesschen Wim 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveAmygdala kindling is a widely used animal model for studying mesial temporal lobe epileptogenesis. In the macaque monkey, electrical amygdala kindling develops slowly and provides an opportunity for investigating ictal perfusion changes during epileptogenesis.MethodsTwo rhesus monkeys were electrically kindled through chronically implanted electrodes in the right amygdala over a period of 16 and 17 months. Ictal perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging was performed during each of the four predefined clinical stages.ResultsAfterdischarge duration increased slowly over 477 days for monkey K and 515 days for monkey S (18 ± 8 s in stage I; 52 ± 13 s in stage IV). During this time, the animals progressed through four clinical stages ranging from interrupting ongoing behavior to bilateral convulsions. Ictal SPECT perfusion imaging showed well‐localized but widely distributed regions of hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion, in both cortical and subcortical structures, at every seizure stage. A large portion of the ictal network was involved in the early stages of epileptogenesis and subsequently expanded over time as seizure severity evolved.SignificanceOur data indicate that the different mesial temporal lobe seizure types occur within a common network affecting several parts of the brain, and that seizure severity may be determined by seizure‐induced epileptogenesis within a bihemispheric network that is implicated from the start of the process.
The Impact of Regret on Exports
Authors: Broll Udo , Wong Kit Pong , Welzel Peter 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We examine optimal production and export decisions of a firm facing exchange rate uncertainty, where the firm’s management is not only risk averse but also regret averse, i.e., is characterized by a utility function that includes disutility from having chosen ex post suboptimal alternatives. Experimental and empirical results support the view that managers tend to be regret averse. Under regret aversion a negative risk premium need not preclude the firm from exporting which would be the case if the firm were only risk averse. Exporting creates an implicit hedge against the possibility of regret when the realized spot exchange rate turns out to be high. The regret-averse firm as such has a greater ex ante incentive to export than the purely risk averse firm. Finally, we use a two-state example to illustrate that the firm optimally exports more (less) to the foreign country than in the case of pure risk aversion if the low (high) spot exchange rate is more likely to prevail. Regret aversion as such plays a crucial role in determining the firm’s optimal allocation between domestic sales and foreign exports.