bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphological Study of Fluid Aspirates: Comparison between Conventional Cytology Smears and Cell Blocks
Authors: Bindu Rajan S. , Sharma Pratiksha V. , Sawant Rashmi G. , Bhosale Anand A. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Conventional cytology smear method and cell block method are two important methods used for cytological diagnosis. Limitations of conventional smears have to be dealt with daily while reporting cytology. Despite the many advantages of the cell block method, it has been an underestimated diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to compare conventional smears and cell block preparations with different parameters and find out which one is more effective in evaluating body fluids.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty body fluids were studied by the conventional smear method and cell block method. Data were tabulated and analyzed.

Results:
The cell block method showed a significant increase in cellularity (83.3%) compared to the conventional method (50%) [P = 0.0001, significant]. The limitation of low cellularity was significantly reduced by the cell block method (8.3%) as compared to conventional smears (33.3%) [P = 0.0007, significant]. Morphology preservation was significantly more by cell block method (95%) versus conventional smears (60%) [P = 0.00001, significant]. The yield of malignancy increased by 3.33% in the present study. Suspicious cases on conventional smears could be confidently segregated as malignant or benign by the cell block method.

Conclusion:
The cell block technique should be routinely used along with conventional smears to improve diagnostic accuracy and resolve diagnostic dilemmas on conventional smears.
Study of Quality of Life among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking Treatment at Anti-Retroviral Therapy Center of Tertiary Care Hospital, Tirupati
Authors: Akuthota Divya Sree , Subbarayudu Chintakunta V. , Rapuri Sowmya Pallavi , Bellamkonda Gopi Krishna , Gottumukkala Ravi Prabhu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Even though the survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has improved by ART, their lifestyles and quality of life are affected by several factors like family and community support, and their socio-economic status. Hence, this study was undertaken to estimate the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients based on the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Brief (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) questionnaire and to assess the association of quality of life with socio-demographic variables.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to December 2020 in a sample of 220 HIV/AIDS patients of age more than 18 years, taking treatment at ART center, Tertiary Care Hospital in Tirupati. The data were collected using a standardized instrument (WHOQOL-HIV BREF). Socio-demographic details of the subjects were also obtained. Data were analyzed using Epi info software 7.2.2.6 version.

Results:
The overall mean QOL score is 59.3 ± 10.3. The highest mean QOL observed in the physical domain and the most affected domain is the social relationship’s domain. Lower levels of QOL were seen in females, residing in rural areas, illiterates, separated/divorced, who does not reveal their HIV status to their family members, who does not have family support, and these are found to be significantly associated with QOL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The most affected domain is social relationship’s domain. Age, residence, educational status, marital status, knowledge of HIV status to family members, and their family support were found to be significantly associated with QOL among PLWHA.
Molecular Study of Viral Causes of Childhood Diarrhea in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Lall Mahima , Reddy R. Mahesh , Muhammed Yasmin , Sen Sourav , Gupta Rajiv M 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Although diarrheal diseases are highly preventable, they remain one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population in developing countries. Knowledge of etiological agents is essential to implement public health programs. Viral infections are the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea among children. There is a paucity of information regarding viral enteropathogens responsible for diarrhea in India, as many hospitals do not routinely carry out diagnostic tests for viral detection.

Aim and Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of viral enteropathogens in children under five years of age presenting with acute diarrhea using real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its correlation with clinico-demographic features.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Maharashtra from January 2016 to June 2019. Our study included 300 children who were under five years old with acute diarrhea. Standard protocols were advocated for the collection and transportation of stool samples. All samples were subjected to real-time multiplex PCR (Light cycler 480 Roche) using Fast Track Diagnostic kits for viral gastroenteritis. Data analysis was done using descriptive and analytical methods.

Results:
In our study, 57% of samples were positive for viral enteropathogens. Rotavirus (32%) was the most common isolate, followed by Norovirus Genogroup II (GII) (17%). The majority of pathogens were isolated from children less than 2 years of age.

Conclusion:
There is a need to test stool specimens of clinically confirmed diarrheal patients for enteric virus. This will avoid blind antibiotic treatment.
Prevalence of relapse and associated factors in khat chewers and non-chewers among persons with serious mental illness at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Fikreselam , Kassaw Chalelgn , Gedamu Melak 
Published: July 2024

People with serious mental illness using llicit drug like amphetamine exhibit poorer outcomes. But until now little is known about the impact of khat on relapse of disease in people with serious mental illness. This study assessed prevalence and factors associated with relapse between khat chewers and non-chewers among personswith serious mental illness. This was a cross sectional study involving 405 khat chewers and 400 non chewers with serious mental illness. The study was undertaken at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital on May, 2021. Patients were selected using systematic random sampling. The study involved interview (patients and care givers) and chart review. The study used Oslo Social Support Scale; Alcohol, Smoking, Substance Involvement Screening Test and a structured questionnaire The study established that prevalence of relapse was higher among khat chewers compared to non-chewers (22% Vs 13%, p=0.001) with serious mental illness. Additionally, the prevalence of relapse was positively correlated with the amount of khat used in the group of chewers. In the khat chewer group, previous hospitalization history and presence of stressful life situation were the main factors associated with relapse. On the other hand, treatment interruption, sleep disorder and previous hospitalization episodes were the key factors associated with relapse among non khat chewing persons with serious mental illness. The study found hat khat chewing poses increased risk of relapse among persons with serious mental illness. Patient care should consider khat chewing as one of the critical components for intervention.
Spectrophotometric, quantum chemical and molecular docking investigations of 4H-1-benzopyran-derived Pd(II) complexes
Authors: Arora Tanu , Garima Km , Kumar Vikas , Javed Saleem , Azam Mohammad , I. Al-Resayes Saud , Agnihotri Nivedita 
Published: July 2024

Transition metal complexes are an appealing target in the development of functional materials used frequently in industrial and therapeutic world. The quantum chemical investigations help to obtain a thorough comprehension of the interplay between complexes and biological materials. It necessitates sufficient modeling of chemical phenomena in the system, occasionally involving assistance of classical or semi-empirical computational techniques. Identification of the factors influencing complexes and their optimization is essential for electronic structure calculations and the relevant biochemical potential. The present study aims at correlating analytical studies with the theoretical behavior involving identification of structural features and bonding interactions of the three 4H-1-benzopyrans and their spectrophotometrically analyzed palladium complexes using DFT calculations to get acquainted with pharmacological profile of the complexes. FMO studies indicated a higher Egap for ligand in all the cases than their respective Pd(II) complexes. Furthermore, according to the other chemical descriptors, interaction between the ligands and respective complexes, cause chromogenic ligand’s chemical hardness to decrease indicating that the formed complexes have lower kinetic stability and more chemical reactivity. Efficiency of the studied ligands further was analyzed by molecular docking against the target proteins, of which 2O0U, a transferase exhibited mutual interactions with all the examined ligands.
KEY WORDS: Palladium(II), 4H-1-benzopyran complexes, DFT, MEP, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1311-1327.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.10
Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of novel bis-oxazolone derivatives as potent antioxidant and antibacterial agents
Authors: Abdulla Haji Jalal , Hadi Chawishli Lana , Kareem Samad Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

In response to the challenge of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, oxazolone analogs are frequently used for bacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory treatments. However, few studies have shown bis-oxazolone analogs possess antibacterial activities. In this study, we modified bis-oxazolone molecules with various aromatic amines to create new bis-benzamide and bis-imidazolone derivatives. These derivatives were analyzed using FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. Molecular docking revealed favorable interactions with DNA gyrase, with compounds 3, 4a, and 5e showing higher binding affinities than penicillin G and ampicillin. These findings suggest their potential as future antimicrobial agents. The tested compounds demonstrated efficacy against bacterial strains, particularly E. coli and S. aureus, with significant activity observed in compounds 4a, 4e, 5d, and 5e. Antioxidant activity, assessed using the DPPH method, showed bis-compounds with excellent results comparable to ascorbic acid. This encourages further studies to explore their potential. Overall, the synthesized bis-oxazolone derivatives demonstrated increased medicinal activity and high potential as future antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.
KEY WORDS: Bis-oxazolone, Bis-benzamide, Bis-imidazolone, Docking study, Antibacterial, Antioxidant
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1393-1404.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.15
Structure and magnetism of a chiral Perovskite-like dicyanamidometallate framework
Authors: Ge Da-Chuan , Zhu Wen , Li Yu-Xuan , Zhang Feng , Chen Yun , Sun Jian-Hua , Wang Zhao-Xi 
Published: July 2024

Perovskite-like compounds have attracted great attention because of their good properties, such as electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, etc. Herein, a new perovskite-like anionic dicyanamidometallate, namely (Bu3MeP)[Ni(dca)3] (1) (Bu3MeP = tributylmethylphosphine cation, dca = dicyanamide), was synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with the chiral space group P43212, and exhibits a three-dimensional anionic dicyanamidometallate framework from Ni2+ units bridged by dicyanamides, in which tributylmethylphosphine cations are accommodated in the voids. The butyl groups present two conformations in the tributylmethylphosphine cation, resulting in chirality character occurred in compound 1. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility analysis indicates that weak ferromagnetic interaction exists between the nickel(II) ions coupling by μ1,5-bridings.
KEY WORDS: Perovskite-like, Dicyanamidometallate, Crystal structure, Magnetic properties
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1251-1260.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.5
Performance Evaluation of a Modified Mobile Melon Depodding Machine
Authors: Aderinlewo A.A. , Oshoneye J.O. , Adebowale O.B. , Omotainse P.O. , Oresanya B.O. 
Published: July 2024

Melons, a vital crop rich in proteins and oils, are predominantly cultivated in West Africa and used extensively in local cuisines. This study focused on the performance evaluation of a modified mobile melon depodding machine, designed to overcome the limitations of stationary, electricity-dependent machines through enhanced mobility and a petrol engine. The machine's efficiency was assessed at various operating speeds (230, 255, 272, 287, and 310 rpm), examining metrics such as seed and pulp discharge efficiencies, depodding efficiency, material discharge efficiency, and overall efficiency. Results revealed that seed discharge efficiency ranged between 66.50% and 70.61%, and pulp discharge efficiency increased with speed, reaching up to 90.18%. The optimal performance was noted at 272 rpm with a depodding efficiency of 89.05% and an overall efficiency of 69.10%. These findings underscore the modified machine's capacity to enhance melon seed extraction processes significantly, providing a robust solution for agricultural productivity in areas lacking electrical infrastructure.
Assessing The Impact of Cryptocurrency on Nigeria’s Digital Economic Advancement
Authors: Umar Maniru Malami , Ahmad Sadiq Aliyu , Abdulazeez Abdulhakeem , Shehu Asma'u , Buhari Bello Alhaji , Bello Ziya'u 
Published: July 2024

Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual money whereby transactions are conducted and validated using a decentralized system that employs cryptography. This paper discusses the concept of cryptocurrency by highlighting some of the key features in which are decentralization and the use of cryptography. It further discusses the concept of digital economy which is the economy that focused on digital technologies. Benefits and some drawbacks of the economy are briefly highlighted. Next, using an analysis of the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (2020–2030), the article discusses Nigeria's digital economy. Eight pillars were defined under the policy to hasten the growth of the Nigerian digital economy. The consequences of cryptocurrencies on Nigeria's move toward a digital economy were finally examined in the study.
Assessment of Catastrophic Health Expenditure Incurred by Hypertensive Patients Attending a SemiUrban Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Igben Fredrick Aigbe , Gold Oyibo Patrick , Iru Ntaji Maureen , Opeyemi Adesoye Oluwaseun 
Published: July 2024

The cost of managing hypertension poses a huge financial burden on individuals and households, especially those paying out-of-pocket. This has a significant consequence on patients' compliance with management, and many have been thrown into huge financial crisis as a result of the catastrophic expenditure resulting from the management of hypertension. This study assessed the direct cost of hypertensive health care; determined the presence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) or otherwise and its associates/predictors (when present) among hypertensive patients accessing care in a semiurban tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria, using a cross- sectional study design. Three hundred and twenty respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic indices, monthly cost of accessing hypertensive care, cost of living and sundry matters were collected using a pre- tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM® SPSS version 23. The mean age of respondents was 54.8 years (± 16.5), and 43.4% was at least 60 years old. The majority Of the respondents (55.9%), were females. The average monthly cost of managing hypertension was ₦36,814; with the highest amount spent on laboratory investigations and drugs. Nine out of ten respondents were exposed to CHE. Patients’ educational status and presence of co-morbidities were associated with CHE. However being self-employed was the only predictor of CHE, with self-employed respondents having 5 times more odds of CHE than the unemployed. The study showed that the vast majority of hypertensives paying out-of -pocket suffer a substantial financial burden and are exposed to financial catastrophe. Governments at all levels need to formulate polices that will lead to increase in the access to affordable and timely quality health care for hypertensive patients in order to reduce the huge financial burden currently incurred by them.
Tramadol Causes Weight, Nissl Substance, and Astrocytic Changes in the Hippocampal Formation's Structures
Authors: Ekpo Ubong Udeme , Ikpa James Onah , Onimisi Bethel Onyinoyi , Ochai Joy , Gbenga Oderinde Peter 
Published: July 2024

Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting synthetic opioid which is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain and is reported to have neurotoxic potential. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tramadol on weight, Nissl bodies and astrocytic changes in the structures of the hippocampal formation. 2ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group and 50mg/kg tramadol to group 2 orally for 21 days. The weight of the rats was taken before and after the experiment. The rats were euthanized, brains harvested and weighed. The harvested brains were fixed in 10% formol saline, and processed routinely, stained with Cresyl fast violet (CFV) for demonstration of Nissl substance and glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) for demonstration of astrocytes expression. CFV stain revealed a reduced staining intensity of these regions with pathological changes in the tramadoltreated group. GFAP showed numerous reactive astrocyte processes; overlapping and interdigitation of astrocyte processes; astrocyte proliferation; astrocyte cell body hypertrophy and thickening of astrocyte processes. This study's findings revealed changes in weight, Nissl bodies and hippocampal formation histopathology.
Genetic Variability and Evaluation of Cowpea [<i>Vigna Unguiculata L.</i>) Genotypes for Resistance to Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus
Authors: Nuraddeen M. , Babura S.R. 
Published: July 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) is one of the most important leguminous crop to mankind because of its use as food, soil cover and Nitrogen fixation. Despite this, viral diseases have been reported to be a major biotic constrain against cowpea production and can lead to total crop failure (100% yield loss). Field studies were conducted using 44 cowpea varieties laid down in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There was a significant difference P ≤ 0.05 for disease incidence among cowpea genotype in both locations and for both seasons except for incidence in Minjibir 2021. IT17-1157-3-2 recorded the least disease incidence (7.33), while IT18KD-391 recorded the highest disease incidence (32.08). In total, six genotypes showed resistant response, twenty showed tolerant and the remaining eighteen genotypes showed susceptible response. In terms of location, BUK 2022 recorded the highest disease incidence (34.30%) while Minjibir 2021 had the least incidence (1.33%). The results of genetic variability indicated that there was a considerable variability response to cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV) which to a larger extent is influenced by the environment, as evidenced by the higher environmental variance (EV), environmental coefficient of variation (ECV), and lower heritability values.
Phytochemical and Mosquito Repellent activities of <i>Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulate and Citrus limon</i> Leaves
Authors: Yakasai B.D. , Yunusa A.Y. , Fatima M.I. , Sani A. , Salisu A. , Aminu M.A. , Namadina M.M. , Maryam S.I. 
Published: July 2024

Given their primary role as the cause of numerous vector-borne illnesses, mosquitoes constitute a major contributor to Nigeria's disease burden. In an effort to slow the disease's spread, a variety of techniques are currently being employed to manage the vector. Plants are considered as a rich source of phytochemical and they may be an alternative source of mosquito control agents in mosquito control program due to their excellent larvicidal and adulticidal properties. The study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical and repellent activities of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulate and Citrus limon leaves. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening in order to identify the phytochemical constituents of the plant species using standard methods. The extracts were evaluated for its repellent activities against female Anopheles using the human – bait technique. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and carbohydrate. Concentrations of plant extracts (2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/mL) used exhibited repellent activity against female Anopheles mosquitoes which indicates that the methanol extract of Citrus reticulate was more effective in exhibiting a repellency action against the mosquito tested when compared to the control. The result showed that the selected plant extracts had repellent activity against Anopheles mosquitoes tested with different complete protection time (CPT) when compared with the control. The percentage repellency of Citrus sinensis (36%), Citrus reticulate (20%) and Citrus limon (35%) It has also showed low biting activity compare to control with highest biting deterrence recorded for the selected concentrations.
A Study on Unsteady Magneto-Hydrodynamics (Mhd) Free Convective Flow Past a Vertical Oscillating Plate Through a Porous Medium in the Presence of Heat Source
Authors: Dakin-Gari Sufiyanu Muhammad , Sarki M.N. , Gari A.U. Dakin , Yale I.D. 
Published: July 2024

This study investigate time dependent MHD natural convective flow past a vertical oscillating plate through a porous medium in the presence of heat source. The governing differential equations of the flow characteristics are solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference scheme. The results obtained for the velocity, temperature and concentration were analysed. The effects of different physical parameters appear on the present situation such as Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), thermal Grashof number (Gr), mass Grashof number (Gc), radiation (R), magnetic field (M), Time (t) and Heat source (Q) were presented graphically and discussed in detail. It is observed that the fluid velocity significantly increases as the value of Grashof number (Gr), mass Grashof number (Gc), Permeability parameter (K) and Time (t) increased, while the opposite phenomenon is noticed for growing values of magnetic field parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (R), Schmidt number (Sc) respectively.