bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impact of dignity therapy on distressed patients with advanced cancer: three case studies
Authors: Hall Sue , Goddard Cassie , Martin Pauline , Opio Diana , Speck Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundDignity therapy (DT) has been developed to help reduce distress experienced by people nearing the end of life; however, evaluations of this novel intervention have largely involved non‐distressed samples.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore in detail the impact of DT on distressed patients with advanced cancer.MethodsWe used a case study approach. Three patients with the highest levels of dignity‐related distress who received DT were explored in depth. We collected quantitative and qualitative outcomes from patients in face‐to‐face interviews at baseline and at 1 and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention. We assessed dignity‐related distress using the Patient Dignity Inventory. Patients rated the benefits of DT at completion of the intervention and at both follow‐ups. We conducted qualitative interviews exploring experiences of DT with patients and with two recipients of generativity documents produced by patients.ResultsThese patients were experiencing a wide range of major or overwhelming physical and psychosocial problems when they received the intervention, most of which would not be expected to be helped by DT. All felt that DT had helped them and had helped or would help their families; however, patients' concerns about their current situation made delivering the intervention challenging, and DT‐relevant problems returned when a patients' condition deteriorated.ConclusionsThe extent to which DT can help these patients and their families, either as a stand‐alone therapy or as an adjunct to other therapies, needs to be determined in studies focussing on distressed patients, particularly those with problems likely to be helped by the therapy.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
μ–τ interchange symmetry and lepton mixing
Authors: Grimus W. , Lavoura L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe focus on the use of a μ–τ interchange symmetry to explain features of lepton mixing, especially maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing. We review two models which achieve this goal and are based on the seesaw mechanism and on the soft breaking of the family‐lepton‐number symmetries. We also note that that symmetry may be embedded in a generalized CP symmetry. We show that, in the context of some of our models, arguments of naturalness may be used for explaining the smallness of the mass ratio mμ / mτ.
Super flavorsymmetry with multiple Higgs doublets
Authors: Kubo J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe meaning of non‐Abelian super flavorsymmetry in the presence of Multiple Higgs Doublets is twofold: The first one is to order the Yukawa sector of the standard model, while generating the Cheng‐Sher suppression of tree‐level Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNCs), and the second one is to soften the fine tuning problem in the scalar potential and at the same time to suppress FCNCs coming from the soft breaking of supersymmetry. If spontaneous CP violation is combined with non‐Abelian super flavorsymmetry the CP phases in the soft supersymmetry breaking sector can disappear. This feature of super flavorsymmetry is reviewed and elaborated in a supersymmetric model of flavor based on the finite group Q6. The predictions of the model in ferimion mass and mixing, and flavor and CP violation can be tested in future experiments.
The role of lepton flavor symmetries in leptogenesis
Authors: Aristizabal Sierra D. , de Medeiros Varzielas I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe presence of flavor symmetries in the lepton sector may have several consequences for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis. We review the mechanism in general type‐I, type‐II and type‐III seesaw models. We then turn to the discussion of the cases when the asymmetry is generated in the context of seesaw models extended with flavor symmetries, before or after flavor symmetry breaking. Finally we explain how the interplay between type‐I and type‐II seesaws can (or not) lead to viable models for leptogenesis even when there is an exact mixing pattern enforced by the flavor symmetry.
Mash1 expression is induced in neuroendocrine prostate cancer upon the loss of Foxa2
Authors: Gupta Aparna , Yu Xiuping , Case Tom , Paul Manik , Shen Michael M. , Kaestner Klaus H. , Matusik Robert J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNeuroendocrine (NE) prostate tumors and neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostatic adenocarcinomas have been associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we used the TRAMP mouse model that develops NE prostate tumors to identify key factors that can lead to NED. We have previously reported that NE tumors express the forkhead transcription factor, Foxa2, Mash1 (mouse achaete scute homolog‐1), as well as Synaptophysin. In TRAMP, the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) first expresses Foxa2 and Synaptophysin, which then progresses to NE cancer. In order to determine if Foxa2 is dispensable for development or maintenance of NE cancer, a conditional knock‐out of Foxa2 in TRAMP mice was generated by breeding mice with two floxed alleles of Foxa2 and one copy of Nkx3.1‐Cre. Nkx3.1‐Cre/Foxa2loxP/loxP mice showed loss of Foxa2 expression in embryonic prostatic buds. No expression of Foxa2 was seen in the adult prostate in either conditional null or control mice. Foxa2 is universally expressed in all wild type TRAMP NE tumors, but Mash1 expression is seen only in a few samples in a few cells. With the loss of Foxa2 in the NE tumors of the TRAMP/Nkx3.1‐Cre/Foxa2loxP/loxP mice, the expression of the pro‐neuronal gene Mash1 is upregulated. NE tumors from both the TRAMP control and Foxa2‐deficient TRAMP prostate express Synaptophysin and SV40 Large T‐antigen, and both show a loss of androgen receptor expression in NE cells. These studies suggest that the TRAMP NE tumors can form in the absence of Foxa2 by an up regulation of Mash1. Prostate 73: 582–589, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of germline copy number variation in high‐risk African American families with prostate cancer
Authors: Ledet Elisa M. , Hu Xiaofeng , Sartor Oliver , Rayford Walter , Li Marilyn , Mandal Diptasri 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is a complex multi‐allelic disease and the most common malignancy in men. The incidence of prostate cancer in African American men is more than twice as high as that of any other race. Despite the high prevalence of prostate cancer amongst African American men, this population has been under represented in genetic studies of prostate cancer. Although genomic copy number variations (CNVs) have been detected in prostate tumors, this is the first study describing germline CNVs in African American hereditary prostate cancer families.METHODSTen high‐risk African American families with three or more affected individuals and with an early age of onset were recruited. From these families, 37 individuals, including 23 affected males, and 14 unaffected males, were selected for CNV analysis. Array comparative genomic hybridization was used to characterize germline CNVs unique to African American men with hereditary prostate cancer.RESULTSThrough common aberration analysis in affected family members; novel CNVs were identified at chromosomes 1p36.13 and 16q23.3. Differential analysis comparing affected and unaffected family members identified 9.4 kb duplication on chromosome 14q32.33 which segregate with prostate cancer patients in these high‐risk families.CONCLUSIONSThe duplication at 14q32.33 encompasses IGHG3 gene which has been shown to have both significant gains in copy number as well as overexpression in prostate tumors in African Americans. These CNVs may represent a component of genetic predisposition which contributes to the high prevalence and mortality of prostate cancer in African American men. Prostate 73: 614–623, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Black‐backed woodpecker nest‐tree preference in burned forests of the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Seavy Nathaniel E. , Burnett Ryan D. , Taille Paul J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBlack‐backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) are well‐known to occur at higher densities in recently burned forests than they do in nearby green forests. In the forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, there is relatively little information on the types of nest trees that these birds use in recently burned forests. From 2009 to 2011, we studied nest‐tree preference by black‐backed woodpeckers in 2 burned forests in the northern Sierra Nevada. For each of 31 nest trees and 389 randomly selected trees, we recorded decay class, diameter at breast height, top condition, and species. We also recorded the number of snags with >23 cm diameter at breast height within an 11.3‐m radius of each nest tree and randomly selected tree. We evaluated nest‐tree preference by comparing the characteristics of nest trees to randomly selected trees. Black‐backed woodpeckers preferred dead but not heavily decayed trees and moderate (29–61 cm dbh) diameter trees. There was no evidence that black‐backed woodpeckers had strong preferences for trees with broken tops or trees of particular species. Snag density around nest trees was higher than around randomly selected trees. Our results suggest that in conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada, the distribution of black‐backed woodpeckers in post‐fire environments is influenced more by surrounding snag densities than by particular characteristics of potential nest trees. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Systems biology approaches to finding novel pain mediators
Authors: Antunes‐Martins Ana , Perkins James R. , Lees Jonathan , Hildebrandt Tobias , Orengo Christine , Bennett David L.H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChronic pain represents a major health burden; this maladaptive pain state occurs as a consequence of hypersensitivity within the peripheral and central components of the somatosensory system. High throughput technologies (genomics, transciptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics) are now being applied to tissue derived from pain patients as well as experimental pain models to discover novel pain mediators. The use of clustering, meta‐analysis and other techniques can help refine potential candidates. Of particular importance are systems biology methods, such as co‐expression network generating algorithms, which infer potential associations/interactions between molecules and build networks based on these interactions. Protein–protein interaction networks allow the lists of potential targets generated by these different platforms to be analyzed in their biological context. Outputs from these different methods must also be related to the clinical pain phenotype. The improved and standardized phenotyping of pain symptoms and sensory signs enables much better subject stratification. Our hope is that, in the future, the use of computational approaches to integrate datasets including sensory phenotype as well as the outputs of high throughput technologies will help define novel pain mediators and provide insights into the pathogenesis of chronic pain. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:11–35. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1192This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > RNA Methods
Anatomic Reconstruction of the Radioulnar Ligament
Authors: Henry Mark 
Published: October 2012

Introduction Twenty-five patients (19 males and six females) were included in the study based on: chronic symptoms of distal radioulnar joint instability, demonstrable instability on examination, MRI evidence of radioulnar ligament deficiency, and arthroscopic findings of foveal disruption of the radioulnar ligament. Materials and Methods Exclusion criteria were: distal radius malunion, congenital malformation of the sigmoid notch, DRUJ arthritis, and less than 24 months minimum follow-up. Mean age was 35 years old with a mean interval from injury to surgery of 5 months. Surgery began with arthroscopic confirmation of the chronic foveal detachment followed by open reconstruction of the radioulnar ligament using the palmaris longus tendon. The specific method employed three drill tunnels corresponding to the true anatomic points of attachment of the radioulnar ligament. Patients were examined post-operatively at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. Results and Discussion Final evaluation averaged 51 (±14) months following surgery. Measures obtained before and after treatment included: wrist range of motion, forearm range of motion, grip strength, examination findings of distal radioulnar joint instability, and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores. Pre-operative and postoperative measures were compared using the paired Student's t test, accepting a p value of 0.05 as statistically significant. All patients healed the reconstruction without major complications and demonstrated distal radioulnar joint stability at the 6-week examination. Mean ranges of motion, in degrees, pre-/post-operative were: wrist flexion 53 (±13)/61 (±10), wrist extension 53 (±13)/62 (±15), supination 65 (±12)/74 (±7), and pronation 66 (±11)/71 (±8). Grip strengths expressed as % contralateral pre-/post-operative were: 57 (±23)/79 (±25). The differences in these measures were not found to be statistically significant. The mean pre-/post-operative DASH scores were: 62 (±16)/7 (±3). This difference was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Reconstruction of the RUL with a free palmaris longus tendon graft using the truly anatomic points of original RUL attachment at both the ulna and radius restored DRUJ stability and improved DASH scores without limiting forearm or wrist motion.
Risk factors of accelerated progression of peripheral artery disease in hemodialysis
Authors: Hsu Shang‐Reu , Su Ho‐Ming , Hsieh Ming‐Chia , Su Shin‐Li , Chen Szu‐Chia , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnkle‐brachial index (ABI) and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are markers for peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) and arterial stiffness, respectively. The aims of this study were to assess whether PAOD and arterial stiffness progressed and to determine the risk factors for ABI and baPWV progression in patients on hemodialysis. This study enrolled 173 routine patients on hemodialysis. Both ABI and baPWV were measured by an ABI‐form device at baseline and at 1 year of follow‐up. Progression in ABI was defined as reduction in ABI exceeding 0.3, while baPWV measured at 1 year of follow‐up exceeding that at baseline indicated baPWV progression. Comparison with baseline data showed increase in both prevalence of ABI < 0.9 (p = 0.045) and baPWV (p = 0.028) at 1 year of follow‐up. Multiple linear regression analyses identified high fasting glucose and old age as independent factors of annual change in ABI and baPWV, respectively. Good control of blood sugar may contribute to delay the progression of peripheral artery disease in patients on hemodialysis.
Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice
Authors: Tousen Yuko , Uehara Mariko , Kruger Marlena Cathorina , Ishimi Yoshiko 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEquol is a metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein (Dz) and is produced by the bacterial microflora in the distal intestine and colon. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between increased equol production and intakes of green tea or dietary fibre, which are ingredients of the standard Japanese diet. We examined the effects of a diet supplemented with Dz and tea catechin or dietary fibre on equol production and bone mineral density in ovariectomised (OVX) mice. Female mice of the ddY strain were either sham operated or OVX. OVX mice were fed a control diet, a 0·1 % Dz-supplemented diet or a 0·1 % Dz diet supplemented with one of the food components commonly consumed in the Japanese diet. The mice were given 1 % tea catechin (w/w) as part of the diet in Expt 1 or 5 % polydextrose (PD) and 5 % raffinose (Raf) (w/w) as part of the diet in Expt 2. Catechin reduced serum equol levels and attenuated the beneficial effect of Dz on femoral bone loss. The soluble dietary fibres PD and Raf stimulated equol production, and enhanced the bone-protective effects of Dz on femoral bone. These results suggest that dietary fibre, in particular, PD, may alter the bioavailability of isoflavones and prevent osteopenia in OVX mice.
Integration or separation? The stigmatisation of ex-combatants after war
Authors: MCMULLIN JAREMEY R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEx-combatant reintegration programmes are buttressed by a number of problematic assumptions about ex-combatants themselves; namely, that ex-combatants should not receive long-term support because such assistance would amplify the threat they pose to security and exacerbate community resentment towards them. The article uses data collected from Liberia to demonstrate that such thinking stigmatises ex-combatants and works against the objective of reintegration: it disruptsintegration intothe everyday social, economic, and political life of the post-conflict state and aims instead to render ex-combatantsseparate fromcommunities. Integration will remain elusive unless assumptions about ex-combatants as programme beneficiaries are challenged.
MRI: Modular reasoning about interference in incremental programming
Authors: OLIVEIRA BRUNO C. D. S. , SCHRIJVERS TOM , COOK WILLIAM R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIncremental Programming(IP) is a programming style in which new program components are defined as increments of other components. Examples of IP mechanisms includeObject-oriented programminginheritance,aspect-oriented programmingadvice, andfeature-oriented programming. A characteristic of IP mechanisms is that, while individual components can be independently defined, the composition of components makes those components become tightly coupled, sharing both control and data flows. This makes reasoning about IP mechanisms a notoriously hard problem:modular reasoningabout a component becomes very difficult; and it is very hard to tell if two tightly coupled componentsinterferewith each other's control and data flows. This paper presentsmodular reasoning about interference(MRI), apurely functionalmodel of IP embedded in Haskell. MRI models inheritance with mixins and side effects with monads. It comes with a range of powerful reasoning techniques: equational reasoning, parametricity, and reasoning with algebraic laws about effectful operations. These techniques enable MRI in the presence of side effects. MRI formally capturesharmlessness, a hard-to-formalize notion in the interference literature, in two theorems. We prove these theorems with a non-trivial combination of all three reasoning techniques.
Introduction: governmentality, house numbering and the spatial history of the modern city
Authors: ROSE-REDWOOD REUBEN , TANTNER ANTON 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:This special section of Urban History explores the spatial histories of urban house numbering and the calculative rationalities of government since the Enlightenment. More than a mere footnote to the history of postal communications, the house number was first introduced as an inscriptive device to serve a wide range of governmental purposes, from military conscription and the quartering of soldiers to census-taking and the policing of urban populations. The spatial practice of house numbering can therefore be seen as a ‘political technology’ that was developed to reorganize urban space according to the dictates of numerical calculation. The articles in this special section examine the historical emergence of house numbering, and related practices, in different geographical circumstances, illustrating the spatial strategies of governmentality and the tactics of resistance that shaped the spatial organization of the modern city.
Numbering the streetscape: mapping the spatial history of numerical street names in Europe
Authors: VUOLTEENAHO JANI 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:In contrast to North American cities, numerically named streets are a very rare occurrence in Europe. This article explores the exceptions to this rule by charting the history of street numbering in 10 European countries. The medieval and early modern ‘new towns’ of New Winchelsea, Mannheim and a section of St Petersburg (Vasilievsky Island) were each designed with grid-plan layouts in which the streets were identified according to an alphanumerical system. Although a range of gridiron plans have been subsequently built across the continent, the newer instances of street numbering are characteristically inconspicuous and peripherally located in suburbs or industrial estates. As a result, most European cases of street numbering play a limited role in constituting the broader urban fabric of the streetscape, with the exception of cities such as Milton Keynes that conform more to the North American model. The relative absence of street-numbering plans in European cities can largely be explained by the much longer history of urbanism in Europe compared to North America and, above all else, the privileging of the nationalistic-pedagogic imperative to name streets with the aim of instilling historical ‘lessons’, which has left little room for the use of street numbering as a means of rationalizing the spatial organization of European cities.
The law of belligerent occupation in the Supreme Court of Israel
Authors: Kretzmer David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSince the 1967 War, in the course of which Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza, the Supreme Court of Israel has considered thousands of petitions relating to acts of the military and other authorities in those territories (OT). This article reviews the contribution to the law of belligerent occupation of the Court's jurisprudence in these cases. After discussing issues of jurisdiction and the applicable norms, the article reviews the way in which the Court has interpreted military needs, the welfare of the local population, changes in the local law, and use of resources; the attitude of the Court to the long-term nature of the occupation and the existence of Israeli settlements, settlers, and commuters in the OT; the introduction of a three-pronged test of proportionality in assessing military necessity; and hostilities in occupied territories. In the final section, I draw some general conclusions on the Court's contribution to the law of occupation.
Global abundance of microbial rhodopsins
Authors: Finkel Omri M , Béjà Oded , Belkin Shimshon 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Photochemical reaction centers and rhodopsins are the only phototrophic mechanisms known to have evolved on Earth. The minimal cost of bearing a rhodopsin-based phototrophic mechanism in comparison to maintaining a photochemical reaction center suggests that rhodopsin is the more abundant of the two. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a global abundance calculation of phototrophic mechanisms from 116 marine and terrestrial microbial metagenomes. On average, 48% of the cells from which these metagenomes were generated harbored a rhodopsin gene, exceeding the reaction center abundance by threefold. Evidence from metatranscriptomic data suggests that this genomic potential is realized to a substantial extent, at least for the small-sized (&gt;0.8 μm) of microbial fractions.