bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination adherence in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: a pilot study on the impact of vaccination cards and reminder telephone calls
Authors: Lerchenfeldt S.M. , Cronin S.M. , Chandrasekar P.H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Karmanos Cancer Center Bone Marrow Transplant (KCC BMT) Center updated the vaccination protocol for transplant patients based on joint guidelines recently published by European Bone Marrow Transplantation, Centers for Disease Control, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the American Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation. The objectives for this study were to determine the impact of vaccination cards and telephone outreach on vaccine adherence and to determine the reasons for missed or delayed vaccinations.MethodsRetrospective analysis consisted of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients at the KCC BMT Clinic who received vaccines based on the guidelines published in 2009. Adherence was calculated as percentage of vaccines missed over the vaccination period.ResultsOverall, 37 of 111 patients (33%) missed at least 1 vaccine set and 29 patients (26%) received 1 set later than recommended. Reasons for missed and delayed vaccines included neutropenia/thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation, active infection, and graft‐versus‐host complications.ConclusionsCurrent guidelines recommend a complex vaccination schedule for the HSCT recipients, which may lead to difficulties with adherence. Our study shows that missed and delayed vaccinations are common in both autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients. Methods to improve adherence are needed.
Human rhinovirus infections of the lower respiratory tract in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Jacobs S.E. , Soave R. , Shore T.B. , Satlin M.J. , Schuetz A.N. , Magro C. , Jenkins S.G. , Walsh T.J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a common cause of upper respiratory infection (URI) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; yet, their role in lower respiratory illness is not well understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of HSCT recipients with HRV infection from the time molecular detection methods were implemented at our institution in 2008. Factors associated with proven or possible HRV pneumonia at the first HRV detection were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. We then characterized all episodes of proven and possible HRV pneumonia from the initial HRV infection through a 1‐year follow‐up period.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2011, 63 HSCT recipients had ≥1 documented HRV infections. At first HRV detection, 36 (57%) patients had HRV URI and 27 (43%) had proven or possible HRV pneumonia; in multivariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio [OR] 9.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–71.7; P = 0.03) and isolation of respiratory co‐pathogen(s) (OR 24.2, 95% CI 2.0–288.4; P = 0.01) were independently associated with pneumonia. During the study period, 22 patients had 25 episodes of proven HRV pneumonia. Fever (60%), cough (92%), sputum production (61%), and dyspnea (60%) were common symptoms. Fifteen (60%) episodes demonstrated bacterial (n = 7), fungal (n = 5), or viral (n = 3) co‐infection. Among the remaining 10 (40%) cases of HRV monoinfection, patients’ oxygen saturations ranged from 80% to 97% on ambient air, and computed tomography scans showed peribronchiolar, patchy, ground glass infiltrates.ConclusionsHRV pneumonia is relatively common after HSCT and frequently accompanied by bacterial co‐infection. As use of molecular assays for respiratory viral diagnosis becomes widespread, HRV will be increasingly recognized as a significant cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.
Risk factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection after kidney and pancreas transplantation
Authors: Shah S.A. , Tsapepas D.S. , Kubin C.J. , Martin S.T. , Mohan S. , Ratner L.E. , Pereira M. , Kapur S. , Dadhania D. , Walker‐McDermott J.K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common cause of nosocomial antibiotic‐associated diarrhea with an increased incidence reported in solid organ transplant recipients. We sought to determine if kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients possess unique risk factors for CDI.MethodsBetween January 2009 and February 2011, 942 kidney and 56 pancreas transplants were performed at the 2 centers. Of these, 28 recipients (kidney, n = 24; pancreas, n = 4) developed CDI. Cases were matched to controls (n = 56) in a 1:2 ratio.ResultsThose with CDI were mostly male patients (82% vs. 48%, P = 0.003), deceased‐donor organ recipients (86% vs. 64%, P = 0.045), more likely to have leukopenia (18% vs. 4%, P = 0.038), and had undergone a gastrointestinal procedure within 3 months preceding CDI diagnosis (18% vs. 4%, P = 0.038). Cases had higher cumulative and restricted antimicrobial exposure in days (37 ± 79 vs. 8 ± 12, P = 0.009 and 27 ± 69 vs. 7 ± 10, P = 0.032). Cephalosporin use was more common among cases (43% vs. 16%, P = 0.008).ConclusionCareful antimicrobial selection and assurance of optimal treatment duration in the kidney and pancreas transplant population is prudent. Clinicians should have a heightened awareness of CDI risk particularly during periods of leukopenia and in the setting of gastrointestinal procedures.
A multicenter evaluation of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Reid G. , Huprikar S. , Patel G. , Razonable R.R. , Mossad S. , Levi M. , Gregg K. , Shoham S. , Humar A. , Adams W. , Kumar D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients have increased morbidity from respiratory viral infections. Pandemic influenza A – A(H1N1)/pdm09 – in 2009–2010 was associated with increased severity of illness in patients with underlying co‐morbidities including HSCT, but the factors that contribute to severe disease in HSCT patients are not well characterized.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter review of microbiologically proven influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the HSCT population between April 2009 and April 2010 to determine factors that are associated with severe disease.ResultsWe identified 37 adult patients (26 allogeneic and 11 autologous HSCT recipients). Median time from transplant to diagnosis was 411 days (range 4 days–14.9 years). Three cases were hospital acquired. Twenty‐eight of 37 (75.7%) had confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09. Presumed viral lower respiratory tract infection was present in 12/37 (32.4%) patients. Antiviral therapy was given to 33/37 (89%) patients, primarily oseltamivir (n = 24) and oseltamivir before or after another antiviral (n = 8). Excluding those with nosocomial A(H1N1)pdm09, 18/34 (52.9%) were hospitalized and 6 (33%) required admission to an intensive care unit. Mortality within 30 and 60 days of symptom onset was 7/37 (18.9%) and 11/37 (29.7%), respectively. Factors associated with mortality included nosocomial acquisition (P = 0.023), receipt of mycophenolate mofetil (P = 0.001), or antilymphocyte antibody (P = 0.005) within the past 6 months, reduced‐intensity conditioning (P = 0.027), and bacteremia (P = 0.021).ConclusionsA(H1N1)pdm09 infection was particularly severe in HSCT recipients, specifically among those receiving augmented immunosuppression for graft‐versus‐host disease. The high mortality of the nosocomial cases highlights the need for strict infection‐control measures in hospitals during influenza outbreaks.
Modulation of root‐skewing responses by KNAT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Qi Bin , Zheng Huiqiong 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe KNOTTED1 homeobox (KNOX) family transcription factors are essential for stem cell establishment and maintenance and regulate various aspects of development in all green plants. Expression patterns of the KNOX genes in the roots of plants have been reported, but their role in development remains unclear. Here we show how the KNAT1 gene is specifically involved in root skewing in Arabidopsis. The roots of two mutant alleles of KNAT1 (bp‐1 and bp‐5) exhibited exaggerated skewing to the right of gravity when grown on both vertical and tilted agar medium surfaces. This skewing phenotype was enhanced by treatments with low concentrations of propyzamide, and required auxin transport. The KNAT1 mutation substantially decreased basipetal auxin transport and increased auxin accumulation in the roots. Using a PIN2–GFP reporter and western blot analysis, we found that this alteration in auxin transport was accompanied by a decrease in PIN2 levels in the root tip. Decreased PIN2 expression in the mutant roots was not accompanied by reduced mRNA levels, suggesting that the KNAT1 mutations affected PIN2 expression at the posttranscriptional level. In vivo visualization of intracellular vacuolar targeting indicated that vacuolar degradation of PIN2–GFP was significantly promoted in the root tips of the bp allelic mutants. Together, these results demonstrate that KNAT1 negatively modulates root skewing, possibly by regulating auxin transport.
A plasma membrane‐localized small peptide is involved in rice aluminum tolerance
Authors: Xia Jixing , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: July 2013

SummaryA transcription factor for Al tolerance, ART1, regulates the expression of at least 30 genes in rice. Here we functionally characterized one of the downstream genes, OsCDT3, which encodes a predicted peptide of only 53 amino acid residues rich in cysteine. Knockdown of this gene resulted in decreased tolerance to Al, but did not affect the tolerance to Cd. The aluminum (Al) content in the root residues including cell wall and the plasma membrane of knockdown lines decreased, but the Al concentration in the root cell sap increased compared with those of the wild‐type rice. OsCDT3 was mainly expressed in the roots and its expression was specifically induced by Al exposure, not by low pH and other metals. There was a small genotypic variation in OsCDT3 expression level, but no correlation between Al tolerance and the OsCDT3 variation was found among 17 rice cultivars. Analysis of pOsCDT3::GFP transgenic rice showed that OsCDT3 was expressed at all cells in the root tips. Transient expression of OsCDT3 fused with GFP at both N‐ and C‐termini showed that OsCDT3 was anchored to the plasma membrane. Expression of OsCDT3 in yeast conferred tolerance to Al, but not to Cd. Furthermore, OsCDT3 did not show transport activity for Al in yeast, but was able to directly bind Al in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that OsCDT3 anchoring to the plasma membrane may play a role in stopping entry of Al into the root cells by binding Al, therefore, contributing to high Al tolerance in rice.
Very rapid phosphorylation kinetics suggest a unique role for Lhcb2 during state transitions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Leoni Claudia , Pietrzykowska Malgorzata , Kiss Anett Z. , Suorsa Marjaana , Ceci Luigi R. , Aro Eva‐Mari , Jansson Stefan 
Published: July 2013

SummaryLight‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) contains three highly homologous chlorophyll‐a/b‐binding proteins (Lhcb1, Lhcb2 and Lhcb3), which can be assembled into both homo‐ and heterotrimers. Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 are reversibly phosphorylated by the action of STN7 kinase and PPH1/TAP38 phosphatase in the so‐called state‐transition process. We have developed antibodies that are specific for the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2. We found that Lhcb2 is more rapidly phosphorylated than Lhcb1: 10 sec of ‘state 2 light’ results in Lhcb2 phosphorylation to 30% of the maximum level. Phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated forms of the proteins showed no difference in electrophoretic mobility and dephosphorylation kinetics did not differ between the two proteins. In state 2, most of the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 were present in super‐ and mega‐complexes that comprised both photosystem (PS)I and PSII, and the state 2‐specific PSI–LHCII complex was highly enriched in the phosphorylated forms of Lhcb2. Our results imply distinct and specific roles for Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 in the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting.
Pacemaking kisspeptin neurons
Authors: Kelly Martin J. , Zhang Chunguang , Qiu Jian , Rønnekleiv Oline K. 
Published: July 2013

New findings
What is the topic for this review?This review focuses on analysis of the electrophysiological properties of hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons.
What advances does it highlight?Molecular and cellular electrophysiological analysis of kisspeptin neurons reveals that they express the critical pacemaker channels for generating burst‐firing activity.
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are vital for reproduction. Gonatotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons express the kisspeptin receptor (GPR54), and kisspeptins potently stimulate the release of GnRH by depolarizing and inducing sustained action potential firing in GnRH neurons. As such, Kiss1 neurons may be the presynaptic pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic circuitry that controls reproduction. There are at least two different populations of Kiss1 neurons; one in the rostral periventricular area (RP3V) that is stimulated by oestrogens and the other in the arcuate nucleus that is inhibited by oestrogens. How each of these Kiss1 neuronal populations participates in the regulation of the reproductive cycle is currently under intense investigation. Based on electrophysiological studies in the guinea‐pig and mouse, Kiss1 neurons in general are capable of generating burst‐firing behaviour. Essentially, all Kiss1 neurons, which have been studied thus far in the arcuate nucleus, express the ion channels necessary for burst firing, which include hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide‐gated cation (HCN) channels and the T‐type calcium (Cav3.1) channels. In voltage‐clamp conditions, these channels produce distinct currents that can generate burst‐firing behaviour in current‐clamp conditions. The future challenge is to identify other key channels and synaptic inputs involved in the regulation of the firing properties of Kiss1 neurons and the physiological regulation of the expression of these channels and receptors by oestrogens and other hormones. The ultimate goal is to understand how Kiss1 neurons control the different phases of GnRH neurosecretion, hence reproduction.
Advanced Aftertreatment System Development for a Locomotive Application
Authors: Park Paul W. , Downey Markus , Youngren David , Bruestle Claus 
Published: July 2013

For the first time in the locomotive industry, an advanced exhaust aftertreatment system for a locomotive application was successfully demonstrated to reduce nitrogen oxides from 6.46 g/kW·hr to 1.21g/kWhr to meet the needs of local NOx reduction requirements for non-attainment areas.
Five 2,240 kW (3,005 horsepower) PR30C line-haul repowered Progress Rail locomotives were equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst and selective catalytic reduction technologies to accumulate more than 27,000 hours in total in revenue service.
Full emissions performance including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter was conducted at Southwest Research Institute on a regular basis to measure the change of emissions performance for two selected locomotives.
The emissions performance of the aftertreatment system did not show any degradation during 3,000 hours operation. After 3,000 hours operation, 0.13 g/kW·hr carbon monoxide (89–91% reduction), 0.027 g/ kW·hr hydrocarbons (91% reduction), 1.08–1.21 g/ kW·hr nitrogen oxides (81–83% reduction) and 0.05–0.08 g/ kW·hr particulate matter (38–58% reduction) were measured on the line-haul cycle. The baseline emissions levels of the engine are within Tier 2 EPA locomotive limits. The newly developed close loop control software successfully controlled targeted nitrogen oxides reduction with minimum ammonia slip during the locomotive emission cycle tests.
Analysis of the Lubrication Regimes at the Small End and Big End of a Connecting Rod of a High Performance Motorbike Engine
Authors: Bertocchi Luca , Giacopini Matteo , Dini Daniele 
Published: July 2013

In the present paper, the algorithm proposed by Giacopini et. al. [1], based on a mass-conserving formulation of the Reynolds equation using the concept of complementarity is suitably extended to include the effects of compressibility, piezoviscosity and shear-thinning on the lubricant properties. This improved algorithm is employed to analyse the performance of the lubricated small end and big end bearings of a connecting rod of a high performance motorbike engine.
The application of the algorithm proposed to both the small end and the big end of a con-rod is challenging because of the different causes that sustain the hydrodynamic lubrication in the two cases. In the con-rod big end, the fluid film is mainly generated by the relative high speed rotation between the rod and the crankshaft. The relative speed between the two races forms a wedge of fluid that assures appropriate lubrication and avoids undesired direct contacts. On the contrary, at the con-rod small end the relative rotational speed is low and a complete rotation between the mating surfaces does not occurs since the con-rod only oscillates around its vertical axis. Thus, at every revolution of the crankshaft, there are two different moments in which the relative rotational speed between the con-rod and the piston pin is null. Therefore, the dominant effect in the lubrication is the squeeze caused by the high loads transmitted through the piston pin. In particular both combustion forces and inertial forces contribute to the squeeze effect.
This work shows how the formulation developed by the authors is capable of predicting the performance of journal bearings in the unsteady regime, where cavitation and reformation occur several times. Moreover, the effects of the pressure and the shear rate on the density and on the viscosity of the lubricant are taken into account.
The Role of Effective Collaboration in the Advancement of EMAT Inline Inspection Technology for Pipeline Integrity Management: A Case Study
Authors: Sutherland Jeff , Tappert Stephan , Kania Richard , Kashammer Karlheinz , Marr Jim , Mann Andrew , Rosca Gabriela , Garth Clint 
Published: July 2013

Over the past three years there has been increasing industry interest and profile regarding the role and pipeline integrity management potential of EMAT crack inspection technology in the Oil & Gas pipeline industry.
This paper outlines the stages and results of the effective collaboration of a major pipeline operator and a service company to advance the true predictive performance of the EMATScan Gen III crack inspection technology.
The paper will also summarize and provide examples of lessons-learned from this collaboration across all stages of EMAT based SCC integrity management program.
The paper will similarly outline ongoing work in progress regarding the assessment of the ILI data relative to hydro-testing equivalency, detection of injurious defects and the related analysis and reporting improvements made over the past three years.
A New Method for Reducing Diffusible Hydrogen in Weld Metal
Authors: Fiore Susan , Barhorst Steve , Amata Mario , Bundy Joe 
Published: July 2013

The effect of hydrogen on weld metal and weld heat-affected zones (HAZ) has been well established over many years. The potential for hydrogen-assisted cracking increases as the strength of the steel increases. High fuel costs have driven the need for lower weights in the transportation and shipbuilding industries, and increased regulations have driven the need for higher safety factors in the pipeline industry. As a result, many industries are requiring higher and higher base metal strengths. The push for higher strength steels has resulted in an increased demand for ultra-low hydrogen welding consumables and processes.
Manufacturers of flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) electrodes have generally attacked the problem of weld metal hydrogen through the use of raw materials that react with hydrogen to take it out of solution, by baking the wires in-process, and by using special drawing techniques and lubricants to minimize hydrogen pick-up. Unfortunately, many of the potential solutions result in electrodes that have poor operability, wire feeding problems, and/or increased welding fume.
Hobart Brothers has recently developed a method of producing very low-hydrogen weld deposits, which utilizes fluorine-containing gas compounds in the weld shielding gas. The modified shielding gas has no effect on the weld metal properties or the operation of the welding electrodes. This paper provides details of the method, along with test results that have been achieved using a number of flux- and metal-cored electrodes representing a variety of American Welding Society (AWS) classifications.
Value of Additional Valves on Existing Low Vapor Pressure Liquid Pipeline
Authors: Li Yanping , Weir David A. 
Published: July 2013

API 1160 (Managing System Integrity for Hazardous Liquid Pipelines, 2001) and the Pipeline Risk Management Manual (3rd edition, by W. Kent Muhlbauer) are among the very few publications that have sections addressing the value of adding valves on existing liquid pipelines. These sections cite two references: the California State Fire Marshal Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Risk Assessment 1993 and the Safety of Interstate Liquid Pipelines: An Evaluation of Present Levels and Proposals for Change 1987.
This paper reviews and challenges valve placement considerations established in API 1160 and the Pipeline Risk Management Manual (3rd edition) including check valve inspection issues, valve leaks or malfunction, etc. The cost and benefit of additional valves on existing liquid pipeline systems are discussed. This paper calls for the need for further work or a collaborative study of the value of additional valves on existing liquid pipeline systems.
Development and Implementation of an Operational Risk Management Framework Aligned With ISO 31000
Authors: Weir David , Urra Susan 
Published: July 2013

The International Standards Organization (ISO) standard 31000 (Risk Management – Principles and Guidelines) provides guidance on the development of a systematic approach to managing risk within an organization. Using ISO 31000 as a guide, Enbridge Pipelines has enhanced its existing release-focused risk-informed decision-making approach and risk management process. The development of this enhancement has involved engagement of all levels of management and staff, and has required consideration of corporate cultural change, staff communication and training, development of performance measures, and management reporting.
This paper provides a high level overview of the ISO 31000 standard as it pertains to its use in the development of the Enbridge Pipelines operational risk management framework, the roadmap for implementation of the framework, and discusses the challenges, successes, learnings, and early results of implementing the framework in a large multi-national pipeline company.