bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Parents Experience the Quality of Support: A Survey in Residential Care
Authors: Luijkx Jorien , Brug Annet ten , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs parents and/or legal guardians are considered to be part of the care system of a person with intellectual disabilities (ID), it is of import to acquire more specific and transparent views from parents and/or legal guardians regarding quality of support. This study examined the views of parents and/or legal guardians on the quality of support provided to clients with an ID in residential care in the Netherlands, in order to improve the partnership between parents/legal guardians and facilities. A questionnaire developed in close cooperation with parents specifically for this aim was sent to 1,785 households (parents and/or legal guardians) of clients in the Netherlands. The questionnaire consists of the following five subsections: daily care, housing, day services, leisure activities, and communication. A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine which factors contributed to the satisfaction of parents and/or legal guardians. The questionnaires returned (n = 1,058) showed that respondents rated the overall quality of support at an average grade of 7.3 out of 10 (SD: 1.2). Small but mostly significant differences were found between the subsections. A significant model for the overall quality of support emerged; nevertheless, the predictor variables accounted for only 4.0% of the explained variance in the data set. Special attention should be paid to the percentage of parents and/or legal guardians who gave unsatisfactory scores (10%) and the substantial percentage (25%) of parents and/or legal guardians that rated the quality of care only marginally satisfactory (grades 6–7). The results of this questionnaire provide opportunities for optimal use of the qualities and knowledge of parents and/or legal guardians, opportunities for mutual communication between the service organization and parents and/or legal guardians, and guidance for policy regarding improvements in support.
Masculinity Studies and Literature
Authors: Hobbs Alex 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn contrast to feminist theory or women’s studies, masculinity studies is a relatively new approach to analysing literature. This article discusses the state of literary masculinity studies and its relationship to sociological men’s studies and feminism. It highlights the intention of masculinity studies scholarship to expose the damaging impact of patriarchy on men (as well as women), and its aim to celebrate alternative masculinities over hegemonic ideals through an analysis of male protagonists. It also notes the criticisms brought against the theoretical approach: that men are already adequately represented in literary theory; that the approach can be either universalist or too fragmented by sub‐categorisations of masculinity according to class, race, sexuality, etc. Giving an overview of the scholarship in the field, the article notes that while sexuality and ethnicity are becoming more frequent subjects for critics, issues of age – both youth and senescence – are relatively ignored, and suggests that this theme requires further examination in literary masculinity studies and in men’s studies more widely.
Novel regulatory system nemRA–gloA for electrophile reduction in Escherichia coli K‐12
Authors: Lee Changhan , Shin Jongcheol , Park Chankyu 
Published: March 2013

SummaryElectrophilic compounds such as glyoxals, which are toxic due to their reactive carbonyl group, are generated in vivo through various pathways. In this study, we obtained evidence indicating that the nemRA operon, previously reported to encode a repressor and the N‐ethylmaleimide reductase, respectively, is co‐transcribed with the 3′‐proximal gloA gene encoding glyoxalase I. The operon is not only involved in cytosolic detoxification but is also regulated by electrophiles such as quinones and glyoxals. A gel mobility shift assay revealed that purified NemR repressor bound to DNA was dissociated upon interaction with quinones and glyoxals, while their reduced forms were ineffective. The cysteines of NemR at 21 and 116 were essential in sensing electrophiles in vivo and in vitro. Reversible intermolecular disulphide bonds were observed with a reducing agent as well as with electrophiles. DNA binding affinity reduced by glyoxal was also increased with a reducing agent. The NemA reductase, an FMN‐containing enzyme, exhibited catalytic activity toward various electrophiles including quinones, while GloA played a major role in glyoxal detoxification. Therefore, we propose that cells have a cytosolic system consisting of the nemRA–gloA operon for the reduction of electrophiles, especially quinones and glyoxals, to maintain an appropriate intracellular redox balance.
Peach allergy in spanish children: tolerance to the pulp and molecular sensitization profile
Authors: Boyano‐Martínez Teresa , Pedrosa María , Belver Teresa , Quirce Santiago , García‐Ara Carmen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeach allergy is the main cause of vegetable food allergy in the Mediterranean area. Pru p 3 is the major allergen, and it is mainly found in the peel.ObjectiveWe sought to calculate the frequency of tolerance to peach pulp in Spanish children suffering from allergic reactions after eating or having contact with peach and to analyze the sensitization pattern to peach allergens.MethodsFifty‐seven children (32 boys; median age, 7.4 yr) were included in the study. A systematized questionnaire on allergic reactions to peach was administered. Prick tests with peach peel and pulp, peach lipid transfer protein (LTP), and profilin were performed. Serum‐specific IgE to peach, rPru p 1, rPru p 3, and rPru p 4 was determined by ImmunoCAP. Oral food challenges (OFCs) with peach pulp were performed on all but one child.ResultsEighty‐eight percent of the children had positive prick tests with peach peel, 35% with peach pulp, 88% with peach LTP, and 9% with profilin. Serum‐specific IgE to peach was demonstrated in 100% of the patients; rPru p 3‐specific IgE in 96%; rPru p 1‐specific IgE in 11%; and rPru p 4‐specific IgE in 10%. Oral food challenge was negative in 52 (93%) children.ConclusionsMore than 90% of the study population tolerated peeled peach. Pru p 3 was the major allergen. Pru p 1 and 4 showed low prevalence.
Testing children for allergies: why, how, who and when
Authors: Eigenmann P. A. , Atanaskovic‐Markovic M. , O'B Hourihane J. , Lack G. , Lau S. , Matricardi P. M. , Muraro A. , Namazova Baranova L. , Nieto A. , Papadopoulos N. G. , Réthy L. A. , Roberts G. , Rudzeviciene O. , Wahn U. , Wickman M. , Høst A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAllergic diseases are common in childhood and can cause a significant morbidity and impaired quality‐of‐life of the children and their families. Adequate allergy testing is the prerequisite for optimal care, including allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Children with persisting or recurrent or severe symptoms suggestive for allergy should undergo an appropriate diagnostic work‐up, irrespective of their age. Adequate allergy testing may also allow defining allergic trigger in common symptoms. We provide here evidence‐based guidance on when and how to test for allergy in children based on common presenting symptoms suggestive of allergic diseases.
The relationships between psychological mindedness, parental bonding and adult attachment
Authors: Bourne Kathryn , Berry Katherine , Jones Lisa 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to clarify the relationship between psychological mindedness and attachment relationships in childhood and adulthood.DesignThis analogue study examined associations between psychological mindedness and attachment using a cross‐sectional design.MethodParticipants completed questionnaire measures of psychological mindedness, parental bonding, and adulthood attachment relationships.ResultsAs hypothesized, psychological mindedness was strongly, negatively correlated with attachment avoidance in adulthood. Psychological mindedness was also positively correlated with perceived maternal care in childhood, and negatively correlated with perceived paternal over‐protection. However, a regression analysis found that attachment avoidance in adulthood was a more significant predictor of psychological mindedness than parental bonding experiences in childhood.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to replicate associations between attachment and psychological mindedness in clinical samples and to explore additional constructs which influence psychological mindedness.Practitioner points

High attachment avoidance may be a potential risk factor for poor psychological mindedness.

Helping individuals to develop more secure attachments in their adult relationships may improve their psychological mindedness.
Real Estate Determinants of Firm Relocation in Urban Residential Neighbourhoods
Authors: Risselada Anne , Schutjens Veronique , Van Oort Frank 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReal estate factors, such as property ownership, size and age, are generally not accounted for in research on revealed relocation decisions of firms. This is remarkable, as entrepreneurs often suggest that real estate characteristics at the property level provide an explanation for firm relocation behaviour in addition to more‐frequently tested drivers of firm relocation. We assess the role of real estate determinants, focusing on firms in urban residential neighbourhoods, differentiating between firms located in residential and commercial properties. We find that property ownership is negatively related to relocation likelihood, while being located in property with multiple users is positively related to relocation likelihood. For firms in residential properties high property age and large property size limits firm relocation. Our findings confirm that real estate characteristics are important determinants for relocation likelihood of firms, suggesting that the structure of neighbourhood housing stocks can be linked to the mobility pattern of local firms.
The Geographical Scope of Industrial Location Determinants: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Martinez Ibañez Oscar , Manjón Antolín Miguel , Arauzo‐Carod Josep-Maria 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the estimation of the geographical scope of industrial location determinants. While previous studies impose strong assumptions on the weighting scheme of the spatial neighbour matrix, we propose a flexible parametrisation that allows for different (distance‐based) definitions of neighbourhood and different weights to the neighbours. In particular, we estimate how far can reach indirect marginal effects and discuss how to report them. We also show that the use of smooth transition functions provides tools for policy analysis that are not available in the traditional threshold modelling.
Simple Resazurin-Based Microplate Assay for Measuring Chlamydia Infections
Authors: Osaka Ichie , Hefty P. Scott 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The conventional method for quantification of
Chlamydia
infection using fluorescence microscopy typically involves time- and labor-intensive manual enumeration, which is not applicable for a large-scale analysis required for an inhibitory compound screen. In this study, an alamarBlue (resazurin) assay was adopted to measure
Chlamydia
infection by measuring the redox capability of infected host cells in a 96-well format. The assay provided measurements comparable to those of the conventional microscopy method while drastically reducing the time required for analysis.
Cysteine Protease-Binding Protein Family 6 Mediates the Trafficking of Amylases to Phagosomes in the Enteric Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Furukawa Atsushi , Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Nozaki Tomoyoshi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Phagocytosis plays a pivotal role in nutrient acquisition and evasion from the host defense systems in
Entamoeba histolytica
, the intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis. We previously reported that
E. histolytica
possesses a unique class of a hydrolase receptor family, designated the cysteine protease-binding protein family (CPBF), that is involved in trafficking of hydrolases to lysosomes and phagosomes, and we have also reported that CPBF1 and CPBF8 bind to cysteine proteases or β-hexosaminidase α-subunit and lysozymes, respectively. In this study, we showed by immunoprecipitation that CPBF6, one of the most highly expressed CPBF proteins, specifically binds to α-amylase and γ-amylase. We also found that CPBF6 is localized in lysosomes, based on immunofluorescence imaging. Immunoblot and proteome analyses of the isolated phagosomes showed that CPBF6 mediates transport of amylases to phagosomes. We also demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal cytosolic region of CPBF6 is engaged in the regulation of the trafficking of CPBF6 to phagosomes. Our proteome analysis of phagosomes also revealed new potential phagosomal proteins.
Human Primary Intestinal Epithelial Cells as an Improved
In Vitro
Model for Cryptosporidium parvum Infection
Authors: Castellanos-Gonzalez Alejandro , Cabada Miguel M. , Nichols Joan , Gomez Guillermo , White A. Clinton 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The study of human intestinal pathogens has been limited by the lack of methods for the long-term culture of primary human intestinal epithelial cells (PECs). The development of infection models with PECs would allow a better understanding of host-parasite interactions. The objective of this study was to develop a novel method for prolonged
in vitro
cultivation of PECs that can be used to study
Cryptosporidium
infection. We isolated intact crypts from human intestines removed during weight loss surgery. The fragments of intestinal layers were cultivated with culture medium supplemented with growth factors and antiapoptotic molecules. After 7 days, the PECs formed self-regenerating cell clusters, forming villi that resemble intestinal epithelium. The PECs proliferated and remained viable for at least 60 days. The cells expressed markers for intestinal stem cells, epithelial cells, and mature enterocytes. The PECs were infected with
Cryptosporidium
. In contrast to older models in which parasite numbers decay, the burden of parasites increased for >120 h. In summary, we describe here a novel method for the cultivation of self-regenerating human epithelial cells from small intestinal crypts, which contain both intestinal stem cells and mature villus cells. We present data that suggest these cells support
Cryptosporidium
better than existing cell lines. PECs should provide an improved tool for studying host-parasite interactions involving
Cryptosporidium
and other intestinal pathogens.
Modulation of the Immune and Inflammatory Responses by Plasmodium falciparum Schizont Extracts: Role of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Effector and Regulatory Functions of CD4
+
Lymphocytes
Authors: Clemente Ann Maria , Fadigati Giulia , Caporale Roberto , Marchese Damiano G. , Castronovo Giuseppe , Sannella Anna Rosa , Severini Carlo , Verra Federica , Garaci Enrico , Cozzolino Federico , Torcia Maria Gabriella 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The optimal immune response to malaria infection comprises rapid induction of inflammatory responses promptly counteracted by regulatory mechanisms to prevent immunopathology. To evaluate the role of dendritic cells (DC) in the balance of parasite-induced inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mechanisms, we studied the activity of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), previously exposed to soluble extracts of
Plasmodium falciparum
-infected red blood cells (
Pf
SE), in the differentiation of CD4 cells isolated from donors never exposed to malaria infection. We show that MDDC exposed to
Pf
SE are extremely efficient to induce a contemporary differentiation of TH1 effector cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells in CD4 T cells even when exposed to low concentrations of parasitic extracts. Treg cells induced by MDDC infected with
Pf
SE (MDDC-
Pf
SE) produce transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and are endowed with strong suppressive properties. They also show phenotypical and functional peculiarities, such as the contemporary expression of markers of Treg and TH1 differentiation and higher sensitivity to TLR4 ligands both inducing an increasing production of suppressive cytokines. On the whole, our data indicate that MDDC exposed to
Pf
SE orchestrate a well-balanced immune response with timely differentiation of TH1 and Treg cells in CD4 cells from nonimmune donors and suggest that, during the infection, the role of MDCC could be particularly relevant in low-parasitemia conditions.
Combinations of Monoclonal Antibodies to Anthrax Toxin Manifest New Properties in Neutralization Assays
Authors: Pohl Mary Ann , Rivera Johanna , Nakouzi Antonio , Chow Siu-Kei , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are potential therapeutic agents against
Bacillus anthracis
toxins, since there is no current treatment to counteract the detrimental effects of toxemia. In hopes of isolating new protective MAbs to the toxin component lethal factor (LF), we used a strain of mice (C57BL/6) that had not been used in previous studies, generating MAbs to LF. Six LF-binding MAbs were obtained, representing 3 IgG isotypes and one IgM. One MAb (20C1) provided protection from lethal toxin (LeTx) in an
in vitro
mouse macrophage system but did not provide significant protection
in vivo
. However, the combination of two MAbs to LF (17F1 and 20C1) provided synergistic increases in protection both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. In addition, when these MAbs were mixed with MAbs to protective antigen (PA) previously generated in our laboratory, these MAb combinations produced synergistic toxin neutralization
in vitro
. But when 17F1 was combined with another MAb to LF, 19C9, the combination resulted in enhanced lethal toxicity. While no single MAb to LF provided significant toxin neutralization, LF-immunized mice were completely protected from infection with
B. anthracis
strain Sterne, which suggested that a polyclonal response is required for effective toxin neutralization. In total, these studies show that while a single MAb against LeTx may not be effective, combinations of multiple MAbs may provide the most effective form of passive immunotherapy, with the caveat that these may demonstrate emergent properties with regard to protective efficacy.
Dipterinyl Calcium Pentahydrate Inhibits Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth in Human Monocytes via the C-C Chemokine MIP-1β and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Sakala Isaac G. , Eickhoff Christopher S. , Blazevic Azra , Moheno Phillip , Silver Richard F. , Hoft Daniel F. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTTuberculosis remains one of the top three leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, complicated by the emergence of drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains and high rates of HIV coinfection. It is important to develop new antimycobacterial drugs and immunomodulatory therapeutics and compounds that enhance antituberculous immunity. Dipterinyl calcium pentahydrate (DCP), a calcium-complexed pterin compound, has previously been shown to inhibit human breast cancer cells and hepatitis B virus (HBV). DCP inhibitory effects were attributed to induction of apoptosis and/or increased production of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study, we tested the ability of DCP to mediate inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria within human monocytes. DCP treatment of infected monocytes resulted in a significant reduction in viability of intracellular but not extracellularMycobacterium bovisBCG. The antimicrobial activity of DCP was comparable to that of pyrazinamide (PZA), one of the first-line antituberculosis drugs currently used. DCP potentiated monocyte antimycobacterial activity by induction of the cysteine-cysteine (C-C) chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2. Addition of human anti-MIP-1β neutralizing antibody or a specific inhibitor of thel-arginase-nitric oxide pathway (NG-monomethyll-arginine [l-NMMA] monoacetate) reversed the inhibitory effects of DCP on intracellular mycobacterial growth. These findings indicate that DCP induced mycobacterial killing via MIP-1β- and nitric oxide-dependent effects. Hence, DCP acts as an immunoregulatory compound enhancing the antimycobacterial activity of human monocytes.
Adverse Reactions to Anthrax Immunisation in a Military Field Hospital
Authors: Hayes SC , World MJ 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the outcome of anthrax immunisation.MethodsAdverse reactions (occurrence, nature, severity and incapacity) and immune responses to a voluntary programme of anthrax immunisation at 0, 3, 6, and 24 weeks were monitored by questionnaire and voluntary blood sampling in 129 members, including 24 immunised 7 years previously (immunes), of a military field hospital alerted for possible deployment.ResultsFollow-up was complete in 85%. Ninety-eight (76%) received the first anthrax immunisation. Uptake was greater (p=0.015) in immunes. Initial prevalence of adverse reaction was 63%. Subsequent uptake and adverse reaction dwindled significantly (p<0.001). Only 28 (22%) were immunised at 24 weeks. Proportions reporting adverse reactions following the initial immunisation were greater in immunes (p=0.046) and officers (p=0.02). There was no significant (p=0.36) correlation between uptake of immunisation and prevalence of adverse reaction. Antecedent adverse reaction did not reduce the proportion of participants accepting immunisation subsequently. The nature of adverse reactions (47% local, 24% systemic and 27% both ) and severity were the same throughout. Forty-five percent of adverse reactions caused incapacity. Seventy-four percent of these had pain in the injected arm (± systemic symptoms) which prevented lifting or driving for 48 hours in 63%. Immune responses were greater in immunes.ConclusionsIt was concluded that anthrax immunisation results in a higher than expected prevalence of adverse reaction with initial incapacity of military significance affecting 18%. Greater immune responses may increase adverse reaction but this does not affect acceptance of anthrax immunisation. Poor completion rates necessitate development of a new anthrax immunisation strategy.