bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resumption of work or studies after first‐episode psychosis: the impact of vocational case management
Authors: Abdel‐Baki Amal , Létourneau Geneviève , Morin Caroline , Ng Albert 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsychosis compromises the educational and professional projects of young patients. Vocational case management (VCM) offers comprehensive support for reintegration into work or studies within an early psychosis intervention programme.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of VCM in resumption of work or school and to identify the predictive factors of occupational outcome.MethodsThis descriptive study focused on occupational status of an early psychosis cohort during the first 5 years of VCM.Results56.6% of 97 study subjects had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 32% had type I bipolar disorder with psychotic features. 68% held a productive occupation the year prior to admission, and 47.4% at admission. The occupational rate rose from 57.1% at 12 months to over 70% after 48 months. 65.6% maintained or improved their occupational status. Most subjects held competitive employment, and the employment rate was similar to that of the general population. Prior employment and affective psychosis were associated with better outcome. [Correction added on 2 April 2013, after first online publication: ‘Non‐affective psychosis’ has been changed to ‘affective psychosis’ in the Results section.]ConclusionThe majority of individuals suffering from early psychosis resume productive activity rapidly when offered VCM within an early intervention programme during a follow‐up period of up to 5 years.
A structured policy review of the principles of professional self‐regulation
Authors: Benton D.C. , González‐Jurado M.A. , Beneit‐Montesinos J.V. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundThe International Council of Nurses (ICN) has, for many years, based its work on professional self‐regulation on a set of 12 principles. These principles are research based and were identified nearly three decades ago. ICN has conducted a number of reviews of the principles; however, changes have been minimal. In the past 5–10 years, a number of authors and governments, often as part of the review of regulatory systems, have started to propose principles to guide the way regulatory frameworks are designed and implemented. These principles vary in number and content.ObjectivesThis study examines the current policy literature on principle‐based regulation and compares this with the set of principles advocated by the ICN.Design and Data SourcesA systematic search of the literature on principle‐based regulation is used as the basis for a qualitative thematic analysis to compare and contrast the 12 principles of self‐regulation with more recently published work.ResultsA mapping of terms based on a detailed description of the principles used in the various research and policy documents was generated. This mapping forms the basis of a critique of the current ICN principles. A professional self‐regulation advocated by the ICN were identified.ConclusionsA revised and extended set of 13 principles is needed if contemporary developments in the field of regulatory frameworks are to be accommodated. These revised principles should be considered for adoption by the ICN to underpin their advocacy work on professional self‐regulation.
Effects of solvent drying time and water storage on ultimate tensile strength of adhesives
Authors: Emamieh Shila , Sadr Alireza , Ghasemi Amir , Torabzadeh Hassan , Akhavanzanjani Vegharedin , Tagami Junji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimSimplified adhesives are a blend of monomers with solvents that are expected to evaporate before light curing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of drying time and water storage on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of three adhesives: Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB), One‐Step Plus (OSP) and Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB).MethodsDumbbell‐shaped samples from each adhesive were prepared in three groups: (a) air drying prior to light curing; (b) no drying equal to active air drying; and (c) 3‐h drying. Each group was further divided into two subgroups of no storage or 7 days' water storage, prior to the UTS measurement (n = 10).ResultsMaterial, drying‐time, and storage had a significant effect on UTS, and the interactions of the factors were also significant (P < 0.05). OSP showed a higher evaporation rate under passive air drying, and OSP and CSB showed higher UTS values compared to ASB (P < 0.05). Air drying improved UTS in OSP and CSB, but not in ASB. Likewise, water storage only affected the UTS of OSP and CSB.ConclusionsThe effects of air drying and water storage period on UTS are material dependent. Whenever solvent evaporation improved the UTS of adhesive, water storage decreased it. The all‐in‐one self‐etching adhesive can maximize its best properties when the solvent is dried for an extended period.
Electrostatic Spray of Food‐Grade Organic Acids and Plant Extract to ReduceEscherichia coliO157:H7 on Fresh‐Cut Cantaloupe Cubes
Authors: Massey Leighanna M. , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Martin Elizabeth M. , Ricke Steven C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effects of organic acids and plant extract alone and in combination when applied by electrostatic spraying onEscherichia coliO157:H7‐inoculated cantaloupe cubes. Inoculated cubes were sprayed with malic (M) and lactic (L) acids and grape seed extract at different concentrations (alone and various combinations) then stored at 4C. Under optimized concentrations,ML2% was able to reduceE. coliO157:H7 by 1.9 logs after 12 days of storage and was significantly different from the controls (P < 0.05). Increasing the concentration ofM(4%) alone and in combination withL(2%) caused an increase in log reduction (4.6 logs). These treatments can be used as alternatives to commercial sanitizers in order to improve the safety of fresh‐cut cantaloupe cubes. Multiple hurdle technology of electrostatic sprayer combined with natural antimicrobials can be effective in improving the safety of food.Practical ApplicationElectrostatic sprayer is a technology that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobials. Organic acids and plant extracts can be used as antimicrobials to efficiently reduce contaminated cantaloupe cubes when combined with electrostatic sprayer. This multiple hurdle technology can be used in different food industry settings.
Haptoglobin gene polymorphisms in peri‐implantitis and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Ebadian Ahmad R. , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Naghavi Seyed Hamid Hosseini , Torshabi Maryam , Tamizi Mahmood 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimThe haptoglobin–hemoglobin (Hp–Hb) complex plays a significant role in regulating immune responses and acts as a bacteriostatic agent. Haptoglobin polymorphisms result in different Hb binding affinities. This study sought to assess whether Hp 2‐2 could be a genetic determinant for increasing the risk of peri‐implantitis and chronic periodontitis.MethodsOf the Iranian subjects referred to the Department of Periodontics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 203 were entered into the study, including 117 patients and 86 periodontally healthy individuals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for genotyping. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test using the SPSS statistics software package.ResultsThe prevalence of Hp 2‐2, 2‐1, and 1‐1 did not differ significantly between patients and healthy subjects (P > 0.05). The highest frequencies of Hp 1‐1, 2‐1, and 2‐2 genotypes were seen in the control (7%), peri‐implantitis (51%) and periodontitis (64%) groups, respectively.ConclusionsHaptoglobin polymorphisms may not play a role in development of peri‐implantitis or chronic periodontitis among Iranians but we strongly suggest researchers to evaluate this polymorphism in further studies on larger sample sizes, different populations, and other types of periodontitis.
Burden of paediatric pyoderma and scabies in North West Queensland
Authors: Whitehall John , Kuzulugil Deniz , Sheldrick Kyle , Wood Angela 
Published: January 2013

AimThe study aims to assess the health burden of children admitted with ‘scabies’ to Mt Isa Hospital, the referral centre for North West Queensland, from 2006 to 2010.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart audit of admissions of children with ‘scabies’ including age, sex, date, residence, Indigenous status, result of skin swabs and length of stay, and the number of admissions with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute post‐streptococcal glomerulo‐nephritis (APSGN) in that period. Financial burden was estimated from daily bed costs and transportation.ResultsThere were 113 admissions with mean age of 23/12: 11% were <2/12 and mean stay was 4.5 days. 19 were admitted twice, 5 thrice and 2 four times. 7 individuals accounted for 25% of admissions. ‘Scabies’ accounted for 10.1% of medical admissions <5 years of age. Admissions increased from 10 in 2005 to 39 in 2010. The minimum cost per admission was $9584.07.Seventy‐one per cent of swabs grew Group A streptococcus, all sensitive to penicillin. Sixty‐three per cent of these were accompanied by Staphylococcus aureus, which was the sole organism in 18%. Sixty‐four per cent of S. aureus were methicillin resistant.There were 29 admissions for ARF and 23 with APSGN. All children with ‘scabies’ and ARF and all but three with APSGN were Indigenous.ConclusionPyoderma and scabies are major health burdens in North West Queensland, requiring organised community‐based prevention. The number of repeat admissions emphasises the futility of individual treatment.
Patterns of appearance and risk of misdiagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis at contrast enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Galassi Marzia , Iavarone Massimo , Rossi Sandro , Bota Simona , Vavassori Sara , Rosa Laura , Leoni Simona , Venerandi Laura , Marinelli Sara , Sangiovanni Angelo , Veronese Letizia , Fraquelli Mirella , Granito Alessandro , Golfieri Rita , Colombo Massimo , Bolondi Luigi , Piscaglia Fabio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimPrimary aim was to validate the percentage of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) which have a contrast vascular pattern at contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) at risk of misdiagnosis with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, secondary aim, to verify if any characteristics in the CEUS pattern helps to identify ICC.MethodsAll ICC on cirrhosis seen in three Italian centres (Bologna, Milan and Pavia) between 2003 and 2011, in which CEUS and at least another imaging technique (CT or MRI) had been performed, were retrospectively identified. Those patients with ICC size comparable to the early HCC stage (Milan criteria, considered as small ICC) were enrolled for this study. The enhancement pattern at CEUS was analysed and compared with CT or MRI.ResultsA total of 25 small ICC made this study group. CEUS was at risk of misdiagnosis of ICC for HCC in a significantly higher number of cases than in CT (performed in 24 ICC) (52% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.009) and MRI (11 ICC) (52% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.02). A different contrast pattern among all techniques was found in 6 of 10 ICC lesions submitted to the three imaging methods. In the arterial phase, ICC lacked global hyperenhacement in approximately 50% of cases at CEUS and the degree of intensity of wash‐out in the late phase was marked in 24% of nodules.ConclusionsCEUS misdiagnosed as HCC a significantly higher number of ICC lesions in cirrhotic patients than CT and MRI. However, some CEUS contrast features can help suspect ICC, especially in some cases with inconclusive CT or MRI.
Dermatophytes isolated from superficial fungal infections in Krakow, Poland, between 1995 and 2010
Authors: Budak Alicja , Bogusz Bożena , Tokarczyk Marianna , Trojanowska Danuta 
Published: January 2013

SummarySuperficial fungal infections due to dermatophytes are common over the world and their frequency is constantly increasing. The aim of our study was to discuss fungal infections with frequency of occurrence, clinical stages and aetiology in patients admitted to dermatological ward and microbiological laboratory of the specialist hospital in Krakow. Investigations performed between 1995 and 2010 included the group of 5333 individuals. Dermatophyte infections, confirmed by culture, were revealed in 1007 subjects (18.9%), i.e. in 553 males and 454 females. The most frequent clinical forms of infections were tinea unguium and tinea pedis, caused mainly by Trichophyton rubrum and by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Tinea corporis, tinea manuum, tinea capitis and tinea cruris constituted a small percentage of infections and the main aetiological factors of these dermatomycoses were also T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Between 1995 and 2000 there were stated small differences in the number of isolated strains of dermatophytes in comparison with the number of examined patients. Since 2006 there has been observed a decrease in number of patients in our hospital with suspected fungal infections, but per cent of positive cultures has remained unchanged in comparison with earlier period.
Impact of glucose and acetate on the characteristics of the platelet storage lesion in platelets suspended in additive solutions with minimal plasma
Authors: Saunders C. , Rowe G. , Wilkins K. , Collins P. 
Published: January 2013

Background and ObjectivesGlucose and acetate have been proposed to be required elements in platelet storage media. This study investigated the role of these compounds on the varied elements that comprise the platelet storage lesion.Materials and MethodsFor each replicate, four pooled and split ABO group–specific buffy coat–derived platelet concentrates were suspended in an in‐house additive solution with minimal plasma and varying final concentrations of acetate or glucose. Units were sampled on days 2, 3, 6, 8 and 10 and tested for markers of platelet morphology, activation, function, metabolism and indicators of cell death.ResultsThe absence of glucose was associated with a decrease in ATP, falling to a mean of 1·1 ± 0·1 μmol/1011 plts in units with no added glucose compared with 4·2 ± 0·6 μmol/1011 plts (P < 0·001) in units with 30 mm glucose. As glucose became depleted, the decrease in ATP to levels below 3 μmol/1011 plts was associated with an increase in both annexin V binding and intracellular free calcium. In units lacking exogenous acetate, ATP levels on day 10 were 5·2 ± 1·5 μmol/1011 plts compared with 2·7 ± 0·9 μmol/1011 plts in units with 56 mm acetate (P = 0·006). Higher concentrations of exogenous acetate were associated with a lower hypotonic shock response and higher surface expression of CD62P suggestive of a dose dependency.ConclusionUnder current physical storage conditions, glucose appears necessary for the maintenance of platelets stored as concentrates in minimal volumes of plasma. The addition of acetate was associated with increased platelet activation and reduced ATP levels.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Clostridium
sp. Maddingley, Isolated from Coal-Seam Gas Formation Water
Authors: Rosewarne Carly P. , Greenfield Paul , Li Dongmei , Tran-Dinh Nai , Bradbury Mark I. , Midgley David J. , Hendry Philip 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Clostridium
sp. Maddingley was isolated as an axenic culture from a brown coal-seam formation water sample collected from Victoria, Australia. It lacks the solventogenesis genes found in closely related clostridial strains. Metabolic reconstructions suggest that volatile fatty acids are the main fermentation end products.
Draft Genome Sequences and Annotation of Enterococcus faecium Strain LCT-EF20
Authors: Chang De , Zhu Yuanfang , Chen Jiapeng , Fang Xiangqun , Li Tianzhi , Wang Junfeng , Guo Yinghua , Su Longxiang , Xu Guogang , Wang Yajuan , Chen Zhenhong , Liu Changting 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

The space environment is reported to cause biological alterations in microorganisms, such as growth, drug resistance, and virulence. Here, we present the model of
Enterococcus faecium
to investigate the effects of space conditions on the microbe and on the whole-genome sequences of the strain LCT-EF20 after being exposed to space flight.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Isolates Resistant to Colistin
Authors: Comandatore Francesco , Sassera Davide , Ambretti Simone , Landini Maria Paola , Daffonchio Daniele , Marone Piero , Sambri Vittorio , Bandi Claudio , Gaibani Paolo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Sequence type 258 (ST258) is the most widespread multidrug resistant (MDR)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two colistin-resistant MDR
K. pneumoniae
ST258 clinical strains isolated from hospital patients in Italy. These strains are resistant to β-lactams, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, carbapenems, and colistin.
Use of Molecular Biomarkers to Quantify the Spatial Distribution of Effects of Anticancer Drugs in Solid Tumors
Authors: Saggar Jasdeep K. , Fung Andrea S. , Patel Krupa J. , Tannock Ian F. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Poor distribution of anticancer drugs within solid tumors may limit their effectiveness. Here, we characterize the distribution within solid tumors of biomarkers of drug effect. γ-H2AX, cleaved-caspase-3 or -6, and Ki67 were quantified in tumor sections in relation to blood vessels (recognized by CD31) using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry. To validate their use, we compared their time-dependent distribution with that of (i) fluorescent doxorubicin and (ii) a monoclonal antibody that detects melphalan-induced DNA adducts. The biomarkers were then used to quantify the distribution of docetaxel in relation to tumor blood vessels. Activation of γ-H2AX was evaluated following in vitro exposure of tumor cells to multiple drugs. Distributions of doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 xenografts and of melphalan-induced DNA adducts in MCF-7 and EMT-6 tumors decreased with distance from blood vessels, similar to the distributions of (i) γ-H2AX at 10 minutes, (ii) cleaved caspase-3 or -6, and (iii) change in Ki67 at 24 hours following treatment. The distribution of these biomarkers following treatment with docetaxel also decreased with increasing distance from tumor blood vessels. Activation of γ-H2AX occurred within 1 hour after exposure to several drugs in culture. Multiple anticancer drugs show a decrease in activity with increasing distance from tumor blood vessels; poor drug distribution is an important cause of drug resistance. The above biomarkers may be used in designing strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance by modifying or complementing the limited spatial distribution of drug activity in solid tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(4); 542–52. ©2013 AACR.
AML cells are differentially sensitive to chemotherapy treatment in a human xenograft model
Authors: Wunderlich Mark , Mizukawa Benjamin , Chou Fu-Sheng , Sexton Christina , Shrestha Mahesh , Saunthararajah Yogen , Mulloy James C. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
A relevant xenograft chemotherapy model was developed by using standard AML induction therapy drugs and primary human AML patient samples. Human AML cells show significantly increased sensitivity to in vivo chemotherapy treatment compared with murine LSK and total bone marrow cells.
Identification of mimotopes of Mycobacterium leprae as potential diagnostic reagents
Authors: Alban Silvana M , de Moura Juliana Ferreira , Minozzo João Carlos , Mira Marcelo Távora , Soccol Vanete Thomaz 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
An early diagnostic test for detecting infection in leprosy is fundamental for reducing patients’ sequelae. The currently used lepromin is not adequate for disease diagnosis and, so far, no antigen to be used in intradermoreaction has proved to be sensitive and specific for that purpose. Aiming at identifying new reagents to be used in skin tests, candidate antigens were investigated.

Methods
Random peptide phage display libraries were screened by using antibodies from leprosy patients in order to identify peptides as diagnostic reagents.

Results
Seven different phage clones were identified using purified antibodies pooled from sera of leprosy patients. When the clones were tested with serum samples by ELISA, three of them, 5A, 6A and 1B, allowed detecting a larger number of leprosy patients when compared to controls. The corresponding peptides expressed by selected phage clones were chemically synthesized. A pilot study was undertaken to assess the use of peptides in skin tests. The intradermal challenge with peptides in animals previously sensitized with Mycobacterium leprae induced a delayed-type hypersensitivity with peptide 5A (2/5) and peptide 1B (1/5). In positive controls, there was a 3/5 reactivity for lepromin and a 4/5 reactivity of the sensitized animals with soluble extract of M. leprae.

Conclusions
The preliminary data suggest that may be possible to develop reagents with diagnostic potential based on peptide mimotopes selected by phage display using polyclonal human antibodies.
Career choices for cardiology: cohort studies of UK medical graduates
Authors: Smith Fay , Lambert Trevor W , Pitcher Alex , Goldacre Michael J 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Cardiology is one of the most popular of the hospital medical specialties in the UK. It is also a highly competitive specialty in respect of the availability of higher specialty training posts. Our aims are to describe doctors’ early intentions about seeking careers in cardiology, to report on when decisions about seeking a career in cardiology are made, to compare differences between men and women doctors in the choice of cardiology, and to compare early career choices with later specialty destinations.

Methods
Questionnaire surveys were sent to all UK medical graduates in selected qualification years from 1974–2009, at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years after graduation.

Results
One year after graduation, the percentage of doctors specifying cardiology as their first choice of long-term career rose from the mid-1990s from 2.4% (1993 cohort) to 4.2% (2005 cohort) but then fell back to 2.7% (2009 cohort). Men were more likely to give cardiology as their first choice than women (eg 4.1% of men and 1.9% of women in the 2009 cohort). The percentage of doctors who gave cardiology as their first choice of career declined between years one and five after qualification: the fall was more marked for women. 34% of respondents who specified cardiology as their sole first choice of career one year post-graduation were later working in cardiology. 24% of doctors practising as cardiologists several years after qualification had given cardiology as their sole first choice in year one. The doctors’ ‘domestic circumstances’ were a relatively unimportant influence on specialty choice for aspiring cardiologists, while ‘enthusiasm/commitment’, ‘financial prospects’, ‘experiences of the job so far’ and ‘a particular teacher/department’ were important.

Conclusions
Cardiology grew as a first preference one year after graduation to 2005 but is now falling. It consistently attracts a higher percentage of men than women doctors. The correspondence between early choice and later destination was not particularly strong for cardiology, and was less strong than that for several other specialties.