bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetra-sulfonate phthalocyanine zinc-bovine serum albumin conjugate-mediated photodynamic therapy of human glioma
Authors: Xu Dianshuang , Chen Xiangyu , Chen Ke’en , Peng Yiru , Li Yingxin , Ke Yiquan , Gan Danhui 
Published: April 2014

Background Glioma is the most common brain malignancy with poor prognosis. The current treatments for gliomas are mainly based on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which exhibit limited efficacy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitizers has been applied to glioma therapy. However, different photosensitizers usually lead to different therapeutic effects and adverse reactions. Objective This study investigates the anti-tumor effect of photosensitizer ZnPcS4-BSA in xenograft glioma tumors. Methods The xenograft glioma tumor model was established by inoculating nude mice with U251 cells. Tumor growth was evaluated by tumor volume, weight, and inhibition rate. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results Significant decreases in tumor volume and weight as well as significant increases in tumor inhibition rate, cell apoptosis, VEGF expression, and microvessel density were observed in mice in the low- and high-dose PDT groups compared to the control, irradiation alone, and photosensitizer alone groups. No significant difference in cytotoxicity was observed between control group and photosensitizer alone group. Photosensitizer ZnPcS4-BSA significantly inhibited xenograft glioma tumor growth through induction of apoptosis. Conclusion PDT using ZnPcS4-BSA may be effective for the therapy of gliomas.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Is Associated With Macrovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fleischer Jesper , Yderstraede Knud , Gulichsen Elisabeth , Jakobsen Poul Erik , Lervang Hans Henrik , Eldrup Ebbe , Nygaard Hans , Tarnow Lise , Ejskjaer Niels 
Published: April 2014

Background: The objective was to identify the presence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in a cohort of individuals with diabetes in outpatient clinics from 4 different parts of Denmark and to explore the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in relation to CAN. Methods: The DAN-Study is a Danish multicenter study focusing on diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Over a period of 12 months, 382 type 1 and 271 type 2 individuals with diabetes were tested for CAN. Patients were randomly recruited and tested during normal visits to outpatient clinics at 4 Danish hospitals. The presence of CAN was quantified by performing 3 cardiovascular reflex tests (response to standing, deep breathing, and valsalva). To describe possible associations, multivariate analysis with CAN as the dependent variable was performed. Results: The prevalence of CAN was higher among patients with type 2 diabetes (35%) compared to patients with type 1 diabetes (25%). Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between CAN and different risk markers in the 2 populations. In type 1 diabetes patients CAN was associated with microalbuminuria ( P < .001), macroalbuminuria ( P = .011), simplex retinopathy ( P < .001), proliferative retinopathy ( P < .001), and peripheral neuropathy ( P = .041). Among type 2 diabetes patients CAN was independently associated with high pulse pressure ( P < .01), BMI ( P = .006), and smoking ( P = .025). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional observational study CAN was independently associated with microvascular complication in type 1, whereas in type 2 CAN was associated with macrovascular risk factors.
Treatments for Avascular Necrosis of the Talus
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Haughom Bryan , Chahal Jaskarndip , Holmes George B. 
Published: April 2014

Introduction: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the talus is a challenging entity to treat. Poor outcomes remain all too common. The purpose of this systematic review was to: identify and summarize all available evidence for the treatment of talar AVN; provide treatment recommendations; and highlight gaps in the literature. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE using a unique algorithm. The Oxford Level of Evidence Guidelines and GRADE recommendations were used to rate the quality of evidence and to make treatment recommendations. Results: 19 studies fit the inclusion criteria constituting 321 ankles at final follow-up. The interventions of interest included hindfoot fusion, conservative measures, bone grafting, vascularized bone graft, core decompression, and talar replacement. All studies were Level IV evidence. Due to study quality, imprecise and sparse data, and potential for reporting bias, the quality of evidence is “very low”. Studies investigating conservative therapy showed that prolonged protective weight bearing provides the best outcomes in early talar AVN. Discussion: Given the “very low” GRADE recommendation, understanding of talar AVN would be significantly altered by higher quality studies. Early talar AVN seems best treated with protected weightbearing and possibly in combination with ESWT. If that fails, core decompression may be an attractive treatment option. Arthrodesis should be saved as a salvage procedure. Future prospective, randomized studies are necessary to guide the conservative and surgical management of talar AVN. Level of Evidence: Level II
Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa of a Fifth Digit
Authors: Rollandini Jobeth , Sabo Matthew James , Hasanovic Mirsada 
Published: April 2014

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare, nonhereditary, congenital malformation that primarily affects the proliferation of mesenchymal structures. It presents with localized macrodactyly of one or more digits. The characteristic pathology is associated with hypertrophic fibroadipose tissues, more so to the plantar aspect of the foot. This condition can pose a threat to vascular supply, innervation, and even joint function. We present a single case of a 4-year-old male patient who presented with progressive enlargement of a unilateral left fifth digit since birth. The patient became increasingly symptomatic. Amputation was the selected treatment, and on pathological review of the specimen, the diagnosis of MDL was confirmed. The patient is approximately 1 year postoperative and has recovered uneventfully with an improved quality of life. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of this condition with an emphasis on diagnosis through ancillary imaging results. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case report
Heat shock protein vaccination and directed IL-2 therapy amplify tumor immunity rapidly following bone marrow transplantation in mice
Authors: Newman Robert G. , Dee Michael J. , Malek Thomas R. , Podack Eckhard R. , Levy Robert B. 
Published: April 2014

Key PointsVaccination with lymphoma cells secreting gp96-Ig together with directed IL-2 rapidly elicit effective tumor immunity after syngeneic HSCT. IL-2 cytokine-antibody complex expands CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells and enhances pathogen immunity early after HSCT.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with lower platelet and leukocyte counts: results from the Moli-sani study
Authors: Bonaccio Marialaura , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , De Curtis Amalia , Costanzo Simona , Persichillo Mariarosaria , Donati Maria Benedetta , Cerletti Chiara , Iacoviello Licia , de Gaetano Giovanni 
Published: April 2014

Key Points
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced platelet and leukocyte counts. The observed associations are partially explained by the high dietary fiber and antioxidant content of the Mediterranean diet.
Radial neck fracture presenting to a Chiropractic clinic: a case report and literature review
Authors: Daniels Clinton J , Gliedt Jordan A , Enix Dennis E 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient that presented with a Mason type II radial neck fracture approximately three weeks following a traumatic injury.

Clinical features
A 59-year old female presented to a chiropractic practice with complaints of left lateral elbow pain distal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and pain provocation with pronation, supination and weight bearing. The complaint originated three weeks prior following a fall on her left elbow while hiking.

Intervention and outcome
Plain film radiographs of the left elbow and forearm revealed a transverse fracture of the radial neck with 2mm displacement--classified as a Mason Type II fracture. The patient was referred for medical follow-up with an orthopedist.

Conclusion
This report discusses triage of an elbow fracture presenting to a chiropractic clinic. This case study demonstrates the thorough clinical examination, imaging and decision making that assisted in appropriate patient diagnosis and management.
DREAM.3D: A Digital Representation Environment for the Analysis of Microstructure in 3D
Authors: Groeber Michael A , Jackson Michael A 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a software environment for processing, segmenting, quantifying, representing and manipulating digital microstructure data. The paper discusses the approach to building a generalized representation strategy for digital microstructures and the barriers encountered when trying to integrate a set of existing software tools to create an expandable codebase.
TGF-β1 and IGF-I gene variations in type 1 diabetes microangiopathic complications
Authors: Bazzaz Javad Tavakkoly , Amoli Mahsa M , Taheri Zahra , Larijani Bagher , Pravica Vera , Hutchinson Ian V 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
Growth factors are generally believed to have a perpetuating role in the development of diabetic complications, However there is ample of evidence of a protective or therapeutic potential for some of them. IGF-I, according to some reports, may contribute to complication development, although a protective role for IGF-I has been claimed for all late diabetic complications, making it an exception among growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 as a pleiotropic cytokine is a key player in immunoregulation. Dysregulation of TGF-β1 in diabetes has been addressed as a leading event of kidney pathologies, while there is no similar pivotal role for TGF-β1 in diabetic retinopathy or neuropathy. An association study was conducted to evaluate the distinctive roles of TGF-β1 and IGF-I in T1DM microvascular complications by gene variation-based regulatory mechanisms that are operational in modulation of both in situ and systemic levels of the gene product.

Methods
Two polymorphisms of the IGF-I gene at positions −383*C/T and −1089*C/T and two functional TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms, including codons 10 (+869*C/T) and 25 (+915*G/C) were examined in 248 British Caucasian T1DM patients and 113 healthy controls.

Results
The distribution of IGF-1 gene polymorphisms did not reflect any significant association with different endpoints among the cases or different subgroups (complication triad) and controls. For TGF-β1 gene codon 25 polymorphism the low producer variant (allele C) were more frequent in cases than controls, which is compatible with the anti-inflammatory role of TGF-β1 and for codon 10 polymorphism the frequency of allele C was highest in retinopaths and, on the contrary and expectedly, nephropathy was more frequently accompanied by allele T (high producer). The frequency of allele G (high producer) of codon 25 polymorphism was slightly higher in the complication free group than in other subgroups.

Conclusion
Although there were some differences in distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism in diabetes microvascular complications the differences were not statistically significant. Regarding IGF-1 our result firstly questions the functionality of the employed polymorphic marker and secondly may entail that the main regulator of IGF-I functionality resides elsewhere rather than the IGF-I gene itself, such as post-transcriptional regulation.
Status of adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Schiavon Gaia , Smith Ian E 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAdjuvant endocrine therapy reduces the risk of recurrence and death from breast cancer in women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. Tamoxifen has been the standard therapy for decades, and this is still the case for pre-menopausal women. Ovarian suppression is of similar efficacy but currently there is no strong evidence for adding this to tamoxifen and the additional morbidity can be considerable. Results from two important trials addressing this issue are imminent. In post-menopausal women, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (letrozole, anastrozole, or exemestane) are superior to tamoxifen in preventing recurrence but only letrozole has been shown to improve survival. The main gain is against high-risk cancers, and tamoxifen gives very similar benefit for low-risk disease. Traditionally, treatment has been given for around 5 years, but many women remain at risk of relapse for 10 years or more. The AIs, and more recently tamoxifen, have been shown to reduce further the risk of late recurrence in women still in remission after 5 years of tamoxifen if given for a further 5 years. The comparative benefits of these two options and the selection of patients most likely to benefit from long-term adjuvant endocrine therapy are important topics for further research, as is the optimum duration of AI therapy started upfront.
Delayed discharges in an urban in-patient mental health service in England
Authors: Poole Rob , Pearsall Alison , Ryan Tony 
Published: April 2014

Aims and methodTo describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of all in-patients experiencing delayed discharge over 3 months in an English urban mental health National Health Service trust. We carried out a cross-sectional case record study with care coordinator questionnaire.ResultsOverall, 67 in-patients with delayed discharge occupied 18.6% of acute beds. Older in-patients were White, diagnosed with dementia and experienced relatively short admissions. Younger in-patients were often of Black and minority ethnic background with a psychotic diagnosis and long service contact, and sometimes experienced very long admissions. They were similar to a long-stay comparison group. The whole cohort was socially isolated and marginalised, and frequently misused alcohol.Clinical implicationsPeople with complex mental health problems can experience long stays in acute care settings. This particularly affects people with psychosis who are isolated in the community. Alcohol misuse is the most common complicating factor. There are insufficient community-oriented rehabilitation services to meet these patients' diverse needs.
Patient-Reported Outcome Results From the Open-Label Phase III AURELIA Trial Evaluating Bevacizumab-Containing Therapy for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Stockler Martin R. , Hilpert Felix , Friedlander Michael , King Madeleine T. , Wenzel Lari , Lee Chee Khoon , Joly Florence , de Gregorio Nikolaus , Arranz José Angel , Mirza Mansoor Raza , Sorio Roberto , Freudensprung Ulrich , Sneller Vesna , Hales Gill , Pujade-Lauraine Eric 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To determine the effects of bevacizumab on patient-reported outcomes (PROs; secondary end point) in the AURELIA trial. Patients and Methods Patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer were randomly assigned to chemotherapy alone (CT) or with bevacizumab (BEV-CT). PROs were assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–Ovarian Cancer Module 28 (EORTC QLQ-OV28) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Ovarian Cancer symptom index (FOSI) at baseline and every two or three cycles (8/9 weeks) until disease progression. The primary PRO hypothesis was that more patients receiving BEV-CT than CT would achieve at least a 15% (≥ 15-point) absolute improvement on the QLQ-OV28 abdominal/GI symptom subscale (items 31-36) at week 8/9. Patients with missing week 8/9 questionnaires were included as unimproved. Questionnaires from all assessments until disease progression were analyzed using mixed-model repeated-measures (MMRM) analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to determine the effects of differing assumptions and methods for missing data. Results Baseline questionnaires were available from 89% of 361 randomly assigned patients. More BEV-CT than CT patients achieved a ≥ 15% improvement in abdominal/GI symptoms at week 8/9 (primary PRO end point, 21.9% v 9.3%; difference, 12.7%; 95% CI, 4.4 to 20.9; P = .002). MMRM analysis covering all time points also favored BEV-CT (difference, 6.4 points; 95% CI, 1.3 to 11.6; P = .015). More BEV-CT than CT patients achieved ≥ 15% improvement in FOSI at week 8/9 (12.2% v 3.1%; difference, 9.0%; 95% CI, 2.9% to 15.2%; P = .003). Sensitivity analyses gave similar results and conclusions. Conclusion Bevacizumab increased the proportion of patients achieving a 15% improvement in patient-reported abdominal/GI symptoms during chemotherapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
t(14;18) Translocation: A Predictive Blood Biomarker for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Roulland Sandrine , Kelly Rachel S. , Morgado Ester , Sungalee Stéphanie , Solal-Celigny Philippe , Colombat Philippe , Jouve Nathalie , Palli Domenico , Pala Valeria , Tumino Rosario , Panico Salvatore , Sacerdote Carlotta , Quirós José R. , Gonzáles Carlos A. , Sánchez Maria-José , Dorronsoro Miren , Navarro Carmen , Barricarte Aurelio , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Canzian Federico , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , Drogan Dagmar , Nieters Alexandra , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Lagiou Pagona , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Peeters Petra H.M. , Vermeulen Roel , Hallmans Göran , Melin Beatrice , Borgquist Signe , Carlson Joyce , Lund Eiliv , Weiderpass Elisabete , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. , Ferrari Pietro , Romieu Isabelle , Riboli Elio , Salles Gilles , Vineis Paolo , Nadel Bertrand 
Published: April 2014

Purpose The (14;18) translocation constitutes both a genetic hallmark and critical early event in the natural history of follicular lymphoma (FL). However, t(14;18) is also detectable in the blood of otherwise healthy persons, and its relationship with progression to disease remains unclear. Here we sought to determine whether t(14;18)-positive cells in healthy individuals represent tumor precursors and whether their detection could be used as an early predictor for FL. Participants and Methods Among 520,000 healthy participants enrolled onto the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort, we identified 100 who developed FL 2 to 161 months after enrollment. Prediagnostic blood from these and 218 controls were screened for t(14;18) using sensitive polymerase chain reaction–based assays. Results were subsequently validated in an independent cohort (65 case participants; 128 controls). Clonal relationships between t(14;18) cells and FL were also assessed by molecular backtracking of paired prediagnostic blood and tumor samples. Results Clonal analysis of t(14;18) junctions in paired prediagnostic blood versus tumor samples demonstrated that progression to FL occurred from t(14;18)-positive committed precursors. Furthermore, healthy participants at enrollment who developed FL up to 15 years later showed a markedly higher t(14;18) prevalence and frequency than controls (P < .001). Altogether, we estimated a 23-fold higher risk of subsequent FL in blood samples associated with a frequency > 10−4 (odds ratio, 23.17; 95% CI, 9.98 to 67.31; P < .001). Remarkably, risk estimates remained high and significant up to 15 years before diagnosis. Conclusion High t(14;18) frequency in blood from healthy individuals defines the first predictive biomarker for FL, effective years before diagnosis.
Prospective Validation of HLA-DRB1*07:01 Allele Carriage As a Predictive Risk Factor for Lapatinib-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Spraggs Colin F. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Parham Laura R. , Cox Charles J. , Ejlertsen Bent , Finkelstein Dianne M. , Rappold Erica , Curran Joan , Cardon Lon R. , Goss Paul E. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Liver injury is a serious adverse event leading to permanent discontinuation of lapatinib in affected patients. This study aimed to validate previously associated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) variants as predictors of risk of liver injury by using a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lapatinib in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive, early-stage breast cancer (Tykerb Evaluation After Chemotherapy [TEACH]: Lapatinib Versus Placebo In Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer). Patients and Methods The frequency of ALT elevation cases was compared among four MHC variants in 1,194 patients randomly assigned to lapatinib. Cumulative ALT elevation time courses during treatment were also compared between carriers and noncarriers of specified MHC variants. Results In lapatinib-treated patients, there was a significant difference in ALT case incidence between HLA carriers and noncarriers. The highly correlated alleles HLA-DRB1*07:01 and HLA-DQA1*02:01 (study frequency, 22.4%) were associated with ALT elevation (odds ratio, 14) between cases (n = 37) and controls (n = 1,071). These associations strengthened at higher ALT elevation thresholds and in Hy's Law cases. In lapatinib-treated patients, the overall risk for National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 ALT elevation (> 5× upper limit of normal) was 2.1%; HLA allele carriers had an increased risk of 7.7%; in noncarriers, risk was reduced to 0.5%, comparable to ALT elevation for all patients receiving placebo. The increase in ALT case incidence in the lapatinib arm showed no evidence of plateau during 1 year of lapatinib treatment. Conclusion These results validate HLA-DRB1*07:01 allele carriage as a predictor of increased risk of lapatinib-induced liver injury and implicate an immune pathology. The HLA association could support clinical management of patients experiencing hepatotoxicity during lapatinib treatment.