bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index trajectory throughout adolescence: a comparison of maltreated adolescents by maltreatment type to a community sample
Authors: Schneiderman J. U. , Negriff S. , Peckins M. , Mennen F. E. , Trickett P. K. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBackgroundChildhood maltreatment is associated with adult obesity, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between childhood maltreatment and obesity during adolescence.ObjectivesTo compare the body mass index (BMI) trajectory of adolescents with a specific type of maltreatment (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse or neglect) to adolescents with another type of maltreatment (maltreated sample n = 303) and to a comparison group (n = 151).MethodsIndividual growth models were used to estimate average growth trajectories of BMI percentile separately by sex (ages 9 to 22 years). Unconditional and conditional linear and quadratic growth models were estimated and maltreatment types were added before including covariates (ethnicity, anxiety, depression and pubertal stage).ResultsBMI growth trajectories of sexually abused girls and neglected girls were significantly different from comparison girls. Comparison girls had a growth trajectory that reached its apex at 15 years and then began to decline, whereas sexually abused girls and neglected girls had lower BMI than comparison girls until age 16–17 years when their BMI was higher than comparison girls.ConclusionsLate adolescence appears to be the developmental period during which differences in BMI percentiles become pronounced between girls with sexual abuse or with neglect vs. comparison girls.
Association of urinary incontinence and sexual function in women
Authors: Su Cheng‐Chen , Sun Beth Yu‐Chen , Jiann Bang‐Ping 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between urinary incontinence and female sexual function in a non‐clinical population.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to 2159 female employees of two hospitals.ResultsOf the 883 sexually active participants, pure stress urinary incontinence was reported in 18.3%, pure urge urinary incontinence in 6.8%, mixed urinary incontinence in 15.1% and no urinary incontinence in 59.8%. The prevalence of female sexual difficulty, defined by the Female Sexual Function Index total score ≤26.55, was 52.0%, 56.1%, 54.3% and 42.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). After adjustment of age, menstrual status, length of marriage, having children and relationship with the partner, all types of urinary incontinence showed a significant association with female sexual difficulty with an odds ratio of 1.6–1.8. Taking into consideration the individual domains, pure urge urinary incontinence was a risk factor for decreased sexual lubrication and more sexual pain, and mixed urinary incontinence was a risk factor for less sexual satisfaction, whereas pure stress urinary incontinence was not related to a difficulty in individual domains.ConclusionsStress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence are associated with general impairment of female sexual function to a mild degree. Only urge urinary incontinence is related to sexual difficulty in specific domains including sexual lubrication and sexual pain.
Looking for Rural Idyll ‘Down Under’: International Immigrants in Rural Australia
Authors: Krivokapic‐Skoko Branka , Collins Jock 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article outlines the empirical findings of the first national longitudinal study of almost 1,000 recent immigrants who decided to move to non‐metropolitan Australia. The national survey (2008‐2010) identified that new international immigrants tend to move to rural areas because of the natural beauty, lifestyle and community spirit to be found there, as well as the idyllic image of peacefulness and a relaxing environment associated with these areas. Natural attractors, such as rurality and climate, were important features of the places which, according to the survey, were particularly liked. However, there is tension between the imagined Australian rural ideal and reality, with remoteness, isolation and parochialism being the key features in how the countryside may be misrepresented. The retention of new immigrants in rural places is very strongly related to constructed attractors – the availability and quality of infrastructure, as well as recreational, entertainment and cultural activities.
Some Sort of Help for the Poor: Blurred Perspectives on Asylum
Authors: Ordóñez Juan Thomas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article explores the distinction between economic and forced migration by following three Guatemalan day labourers in northern California who “discover” the possibility of asylum after coming to theUSas undocumented migrants. Vaguely understood as“some sort of help for Guatemalans,” asylum acquires a confusing assortment of meanings for these men as they hear about it from other migrants and localNGOs. They thus face two problems that hinder their application. The first is that their own rendering of their reasons for migration can look both “forced” and “voluntary.” The second is that beyond the validity of their claims, their life in theUSis embedded in the marginalization of the cohort of undocumented migrants they join. Whatever the outcome, the men thus continue to follow the logics of fear and mistrust that characterize undocumented day labourers in the United States.
Typical and Atypical Development of Visual Attention in 3‐ to 9‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Colaizzi Janna , Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki , Grant Stephanie L. , Kennedy Tay S. , Thomas David G. 
Published: August 2014

The interactions between attention and stimulus encoding in infancy were examined using heart rate (HR) and visual habituation measures. At 3, 6, and 9 months of age, infants (N = 119) were habituated to an adult face; longest look (LL) duration was measured as an indicator of encoding speed. Three groups were formed based on LL change from 3 to 9 months: Large Decrease, Small Decrease, and Increase. Using concurrent electrocardiograph recordings, attention was measured through the percentage of looking time in orienting, sustained attention, and attention termination. We partially replicated previous findings regarding developmental patterns of attention in these three groups, notably that these patterns were different for the Increase group. Looks away from the stimulus were also assessed in each attentional phase and, as predicted, HR acceleration phases showed less visual engagement than HR deceleration phases. We also found anomalous behavior for the LL Increase group. In general, this small but distinct group showed similarities at 3 months to the presumably more mature behavior of typical 9 month olds, but by 9 months, they behaved more like typical 3 month olds regarding some, but not all, cognitive measures. These results are discussed in the context of the development of endogenous attention.
Childhood facial vitiligo: how intractable is it?
Authors: Kim S. A. , Cho S. , Kwon S. H. , Park J. T. , Na J. I. , Huh C. H. , Park K. C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the recent elucidation of its pathogenic mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species, use of vitamins, folic acid and antioxidants as adjuvant therapy has been suggested.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of childhood facial vitiligo who were treated with nutritional education, vitamin E (α‐tocopherol 100–400 IU/day), folic acid (1–2 mg/day) and multivitamin intake and antioxidant cosmetics as the mainstay of treatment as well as the conventional therapies including oral, topical and/or intralesional corticosteroid, topical macrolactam, Excimer laser and epidermal graft.MethodsMedical data and photographs of 111 paediatric facial vitiligo patients who had been followed up for longer than 1 year from March 1, 2003 to June 30, 2013 were extracted from data warehouse of electric medical records. Photographic evaluation and final visual outcome assessment was performed.ResultBy investigator's assessment, 9% of patients demonstrated no improvement regardless of treatment modality, whereas 91% showed improvement of lesions. Among the latter, 33.3% resulted in >75% improvement; 18% in 50%–75% improvement; 26.1% in 25%–50% improvement; and 13.5% in <25% improvement. In the final visual outcome assessment, ‘Looking excellent’ was seen in 42.3%; ‘looking very good’ in 30.6%; ‘looking good’ in 17.1%; ‘looking fair’ in 9.0%; and ‘looking bad’ in 0.9%.ConclusionAlthough childhood facial vitiligo is quite refractory to treatment, the long‐term outcome of this condition is not dismal with conventional vitiligo therapy along with basic nutritional therapeutic regimen.
Radiation‐induced morphea – a literature review
Authors: Spalek M. , Jonska‐Gmyrek J. , Gałecki J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRadiation‐induced morphea (RIM) is a rare and under‐recognized skin complication of radiotherapy. It is commonly wrongly diagnosed as other dermatological conditions or malignancy because of similar clinical characteristics. This literature review analyses 66 cases that have been reported in the literature since 1989. The clinical appearance often includes pain and disfiguration of affected area, which may influence the patient's quality of life. There is no clear connection between the radiotherapy dose, the fractionation scheme, the use of a boost, age, the presence of other dermatological conditions or other connective tissue diseases and the occurrence of RIM. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, but several theories are proposed to explain this phenomenon. The available data suggest that the abnormally high secretion of some cytokines (interleukin 4, interleukin 5, transforming growth factor) induced by radiation causes an extensive fibrosis after an activation of fibroblasts. Histological confirmation is crucial in distinguishing RIM from similar‐looking diseases, such as chronic radiation dermatitis, cancer recurrence, radiation, recall dermatitis, new carcinoma or cellulitis. There is no clear treatment regimen for this condition. Clinical outcome after therapy is often unsatisfactory. The commonly used methods and agents include: topical and systemic steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, systemic immunosuppressants including methotrexate, tacrolimus, heparin, hyaluronidase, phototherapy (UVA, UVA1, UVB, PUVA), systemic antibiotics, imiquimod, mycophenolate mofetil, photophoresis. The differential diagnosis is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach to avoid misdiagnosis and to plan appropriate treatment.
Serum enolase: a non‐destructive biomarker of white skeletal myopathy during pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.
Authors: Braceland M , McLoughlin M F , Tinsley J , Wallace C , Cockerill D , McLaughlin M , Eckersall P D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDiseases which cause skeletal muscle myopathy are some of the most economically damaging diseases in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., aquaculture. Despite this, there are limited means of assessing fish health non‐destructively. Previous investigation of the serum proteome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during pancreas disease (PD) has identified proteins in serum that have potential as biomarkers of the disease. Amongst these proteins, the enzyme enolase was selected as the most viable for use as a biomarker of muscle myopathy associated with PD. Western blot and immunoassay (ELISA) validated enolase as a biomarker for PD, whilst immunohistochemistry identified white muscle as the source of enolase. Enolase was shown to be a specific marker for white muscle myopathy in salmon, rising in serum concentration significantly correlating with pathological damage to the tissue.
Income inequality, disinvestment in health care and use of dental services
Authors: Bhandari Bishal , Newton Jonathan T. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the interrelationships between income inequality, disinvestment in health care, and use of dental services at country level.MethodsThis study pooled national estimates for use of dental services among adults aged 18 years or older from the 70 countries that participated in the World Health Survey from 2002 to 2004, together with aggregate data on national income (GDP per capita), income inequality (Gini coefficient), and disinvestment in health care (total health expenditure and dentist‐to‐population ratio) from various international sources. Use of dental services was defined as having had dental problems in the last 12 months and having received any treatment to address those needs. Associations between variables were explored using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression.ResultsData from 63 countries representing the six WHO regions were analyzed. Use of dental services was negatively correlated with Gini coefficient (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.48, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with GDP per capita (0.40, P < 0.05), total health expenditure (0.45, P < 0.001), and dentist‐to‐population ratio (0.67, P < 0.001). The association between Gini coefficient and use of dental services was attenuated but remained significant after adjustments for GDP per capita, total health expenditure, and dentist‐to‐population ratio (regression coefficient −0.36; 95% CI −0.57, −0.15).ConclusionThis study shows an inverse relationship between income inequality and use of dental services. Of the two indicators of disinvestment in health care assessed, only dentist‐to‐population ratio was associated with income inequality and use of dental services.
A Critical Analysis of Candidacy for Penile Revascularization
Authors: Dabaja Ali A. , Teloken Patrick , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Penile revascularization (PR) is a potentially curative procedure for young men with isolated arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. Standard preoperative evaluation is erectile hemodynamics (HDX) using duplex Doppler penile ultrasound (DUS) and/or cavernosometry (DIC) and assessment of cavernosal arterial anatomy by selective internal pudendal arteriography (SIPA).

Aim
The aim of this study was to review our experience with men who sought a second opinion from us regarding their candidacy for PR.

Method
Study population consisted of men (i) who presented to us for a second opinion regarding PR; (ii) who had DUS/DIC and SIPA; and (iii) had been advised by outside surgeon to undergo PR. Review of the HDX study and SIPA was conducted. Discrepancies between these studies resulted in repeating the DIC in men with normal SIPA or repeating the SIPA in men with normal HDX studies.

Main Outcome Measures
Discrepancies between HDX and SIPA and the results of repeat HDX or SIPA were the main outcome measures.

Result
Forty-five patients participated in the study; mean age was 33 years with 4% ≥50 years old. Median vascular risk factor number was 1 (ranged 0–3). A credible trauma history was present in 11%. Thirty-three percent had prior DIC and 49% of patients had a significant discrepancy between HDX study and SIPA, including all patients seen by a community urologist. Thirty-eight percent had a discrepancy between side of abnormality on HDX and SIPA where both studies were abnormal (group A). Seven percent had abnormal HDX and normal SIPA (group B). Four percent had a normal HDX study with an abnormal SIPA (group C). Repeat DIC (n = 20) was conducted in groups A + B and was normal in 70% of cases. Repeat SIPA (n = 2) was conducted in group C and was normal in both patients.

Conclusion
Almost one half of patients had a significant discrepancy between HDX and SIPA. Of these, 73% had normal repeat studies, making them no longer candidates for penile revascularization.
Activation and polar sequestration of PopA, a c‐di‐GMP effector protein involved in Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle control
Authors: Ozaki Shogo , Schalch‐Moser Annina , Zumthor Ludwig , Manfredi Pablo , Ebbensgaard Anna , Schirmer Tilman , Jenal Urs 
Published: August 2014

SummaryWhen Caulobacter crescentus enters S‐phase the replication initiation inhibitor CtrA dynamically positions to the old cell pole to be degraded by the polar ClpXP protease. Polar delivery of CtrA requires PopA and the diguanylate cyclase PleD that positions to the same pole. Here we present evidence that PopA originated through gene duplication from its paralogue response regulator PleD and subsequent co‐option as c‐di‐GMP effector protein. While the C‐terminal catalytic domain (GGDEF) of PleD is activated by phosphorylation of the N‐terminal receiver domain, functional adaptation has reversed signal transduction in PopA with the GGDEF domain adopting input function and the receiver domain serving as regulatory output. We show that the N‐terminal receiver domain of PopA specifically interacts with RcdA, a component required for CtrA degradation. In contrast, the GGDEF domain serves to target PopA to the cell pole in response to c‐di‐GMP binding. In agreement with the divergent activation and targeting mechanisms, distinct markers sequester PleD and PopA to the old cell pole upon S‐phase entry. Together these data indicate that PopA adopted a novel role as topology specificity factor to help recruit components of the CtrA degradation pathway to the protease specific old cell pole of C. crescentus.
A transcriptional co‐repressor regulatory circuit controlling the heat‐shock response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Singh Ranjeet , Anil Kumar Vijjamarri , Das Arijit Kumar , Bansal Roohi , Sarkar Dibyendu 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe co‐ordinated regulation of heat shock proteins is critically important for the stress response of M. tuberculosis, failure of which results in enhanced immune recognition of the tubercle bacilli with reduced survival during chronic infections. In this study, we show that PhoP regulates the transcription of α‐crystallin 2 (acr2), expression of which increases more than any other gene of M. tuberculosis during heat‐shock or following macrophage infection. We also show that regulation of acr2 by PhoP is attributable to direct regulator‐promoter interactions at specific sites proximal to a sequence motif comprising the target site of another virulence factor, HspR. While both these regulators, on their own, are capable of influencing acr2 expression, remarkably our results show that the two virulence regulators PhoP and HspR interact with each other to influence their in vivo recruitment at the acr2 regulatory region, and in turn, contribute to stress‐specific regulation of acr2 expression. We propose a model to suggest how protein–protein interactions between PhoP and HspR influence the regulation of α‐crystallin 2, an essential pathogenic determinant of M. tuberculosis.
The toolbox of Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea disease
Authors: Vos Christine M. F. , De Cremer Kaat , Cammue Bruno P. A. , De Coninck Barbara 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBotrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing disease in many plant species, leading to economically important crop losses. So far, fungicides have been widely used to control this pathogen. However, in addition to their detrimental effects on the environment and potential risks for human health, increasing fungicide resistance has been observed in the B. cinerea population. Biological control, that is the application of microbial organisms to reduce disease, has gained importance as an alternative or complementary approach to fungicides. In this respect, the genus Trichoderma constitutes a promising pool of organisms with potential for B. cinerea control. In the first part of this article, we review the specific mechanisms involved in the direct interaction between the two fungi, including mycoparasitism, the production of antimicrobial compounds and enzymes (collectively called antagonism), and competition for nutrients and space. In addition, biocontrol has also been observed when Trichoderma is physically separated from the pathogen, thus implying an indirect systemic plant defence response. Therefore, in the second part, we describe the consecutive steps leading to induced systemic resistance (ISR), starting with the initial Trichoderma–plant interaction and followed by the activation of downstream signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, the defence response resulting in ISR (ISR‐prime phase). Finally, we discuss the ISR‐boost phase, representing the effect of ISR priming by Trichoderma spp. on plant responses after additional challenge with B. cinerea.
A standard cytogenetic map for Anopheles sinensis and chromosome arm homology between the subgenera Anopheles and Cellia
Authors: LIANG J. , SHARAKHOVA M. V. , LAN Q. , ZHU H. , SHARAKHOV I. V. , XIA A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) is an important vector of Plasmodium vivax in Southeast Asia. To facilitate population genetic and genomic studies of An. sinensis, we developed a standard cytogenetic photomap for this species. The polytene chromosomes were straightened and divided into 39 numbered divisions and 116 lettered subdivisions. The chromosomal localizations of 13 DNA probes were determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. A comparison of the physical map for An. sinensis with the genome map for Anopheles gambiae revealed a whole‐arm autosomal translocation between the two species. Specifically, the 2R arm of An. gambiae corresponds to the 3R arm of An. sinensis and the pattern of correspondence of the other chromosome arms remains regular. We mapped the breakpoints of the polymorphic paracentric chromosomal inversion 3Ra to subdivisions 28A and 31A. The standard cytogenetic map developed in this study will be useful for detailed comparative genome mapping and population genetic studies of An. sinensis.
Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) riouxi: a synonym of Phlebotomus chabaudi without any proven vectorial role in Tunisia and Algeria
Authors: TABBABI A. , RHIM A. , GHRAB J. , MARTIN O. , AOUN K. , BOURATBINE A. , READY P. D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) riouxi Depaquit, Léger & Killick‐Kendrick (Diptera: Psychodidae) was described as a typological species based on a few morphological characters distinguishing it from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi Croset, Abonnenc & Rioux. The naming of P. riouxi coincided with its incrimination as a rural vector of Leishmania tropica Wright (junior synonym: Leishmania killicki Rioux, Lanotte & Pratlong) in Tataouine governorate, an arid region of southern Tunisia. The current report finds insufficient evidence to incriminate either phlebotomine sandfly as a vector of L. tropica in North Africa. Phlebotomus riouxi was found not to have the characteristics of a phylogenetic or biological species, and therefore it is synonymized with P. chabaudi. Both taxa were recorded together for the first time in Tunisia, in Tataouine, where three of 12 males showed intermediate morphology and both sexes of each taxon were not characterized by specific lineages of the nuclear gene elongation factor‐1α or the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, for which a long 3′ terminal fragment is recommended for phlebotomine phylogenetics. This case study indicates that the eco‐epidemiology of leishmaniasis should focus more on identifying key components of vectorial transmission that are susceptible to interventions for disease control, rather than on defining sibling species of vectors.