bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Induction of Apple Fruitlet Abscission Is Characterized by an Increase of Both Isoprene Emission and Abscisic Acid Content
Authors: Giulia Eccher , Alessandro Botton , Mariano Dimauro , Andrea Boschetti , Benedetto Ruperti , Angelo Ramina 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) fruitlet abscission represents an interesting model system to study the early phases of the shedding process, during which major transcriptomic changes and metabolic rearrangements occur within the fruit. In apple, the drop of fruits at different positions within the cluster can be selectively magnified through chemical thinners, such as benzyladenine and metamitron, acting as abscission enhancers. In this study, different abscission potentials were obtained within the apple fruitlet population by means of the above-cited thinners. A metabolomic study was conducted on the volatile organic compounds emitted by abscising fruitlets, allowing for identification of isoprene as an early marker of abscission induction. A strong correlation was also observed between isoprene production and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the fruit cortex, which were shown to increase in abscising fruitlets with respect to nonabscising ones. Transcriptomic evidence indicated that abscission-related ABA is biologically active, and its increased biosynthesis is associated with the induction of a specific ABA-responsive 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene. According to a hypothetical model, ABA may transiently cooperate with other hormones and secondary messengers in the generation of an intrafruit signal leading to the downstream activation of the abscission zone. The shedding process therefore appears to be triggered by multiple interdependent pathways, whose fine regulation, exerted within a very short temporal window by both endogenous and exogenous factors, determines the final destiny of the fruitlets.
Self-Incompatibility inPetunia inflata: The Relationship between a Self-Incompatibility Locus F-Box Protein and Its Non-Self S-RNases
Authors: Sun Penglin , Kao Teh-hui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe highly polymorphic S (for self-incompatibility) locus regulates self-incompatibility in Petunia inflata; the S-RNase regulates pistil specificity, and multiple S-locus F-box (SLF) genes regulate pollen specificity. The collaborative non-self recognition model predicts that, for any S-haplotype, an unknown number of SLFs collectively recognize all non-self S-RNases to mediate their ubiquitination and degradation. Using a gain-of-function assay, we examined the relationships between S2-SLF1 (for S2-allelic product of Type-1 SLF) and four S-RNases. The results suggest that S2-SLF1 interacts with S7- and S13-RNases, and the previously identified S1- and S3-RNases, but not with S5- or S11-RNase. An artificial microRNA expressed by the S2-SLF1 promoter, but not by the vegetative cell-specific promoter, Late Anther Tomato 52, suppressed expression of S2-SLF1 in S2 pollen, suggesting that SLF1 is specific to the generative cell. The S2 pollen with S2-SLF1 suppressed was compatible with S3-, S5-, S7-, S11-, and S13-carrying pistils, confirming that other SLF proteins are responsible for detoxifying S5- and S11-RNases and suggesting that S2-SLF1 is not the only SLF in S2 pollen that interacts with S3-, S7-, and S13-RNases. Petunia may have evolved at least two types of SLF proteins to detoxify any non-self S-RNase to minimize the deleterious effects of mutation in any SLF.
The TIE1 Transcriptional Repressor Links TCP Transcription Factors with TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED Corepressors and Modulates Leaf Development inArabidopsis
Authors: Tao Qing , Guo Dongshu , Wei Baoye , Zhang Fan , Pang Changxu , Jiang Hao , Zhang Jinzhe , Wei Tong , Gu Hongya , Qu Li-Jia , Qin Genji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLeaf size and shape are mainly determined by coordinated cell division and differentiation in lamina. The CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors are key regulators of leaf development. However, the mechanisms that control TCP activities during leaf development are largely unknown. We identified the TCP Interactor containing EAR motif protein1 (TIE1), a novel transcriptional repressor, as a major modulator of TCP activities during leaf development. Overexpression of TIE1 leads to hyponastic and serrated leaves, whereas disruption of TIE1 causes epinastic leaves. TIE1 is expressed in young leaves and encodes a transcriptional repressor containing a C-terminal EAR motif, which mediates interactions with the TOPLESS (TPL)/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPR) corepressors. In addition, TIE1 physically interacts with CIN-like TCPs. We propose that TIE1 regulates leaf size and morphology by inhibiting the activities of TCPs through recruiting the TPL/TPR corepressors to form a tertiary complex at early stages of leaf development.
Configurations of slack and their performance implications: an examination of high‐tech IPOs
Authors: Mousa Fariss‐Terry , Marlin Dan , Ritchie William J. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis study aims to improve the understanding of the relationship between organizational slack and firm performance for high technology initial public offerings (IPOs).Design/methodology/approachUsing cluster analysis the paper investigates configurations of slack and their associated performance implications.FindingsThe findings indicate the existence of distinct configurations of slack resources and associated performance differences among the configurations. Implications of the findings for managerial practice and future research are discussed.Originality/valueThe purpose of this study is to extend slack measurement research by examining the slack and performance relationship in high‐technology IPOs from a configurational perspective.
The two‐stage decision model of vertical integration
Authors: Ding Li , Mahbubani Jalesh 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a two‐stage decision model of vertical integration by breaking down integration decisions into two stages: extent of integration and direction of integration.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses price premium as a proxy for differentiation‐based competitive advantage. The relationship between the extent of vertical integration and price premium through a vehicle of consumers' brand perception is explored. A segmentation‐based analysis is performed to study whether different vertical integration configurations are related to price premiums at different levels.FindingsVertical integration relates positively to price premium set by apparel companies; consumers' perception of brand quality mediates the relationship. Findings also suggest that an organization should opt for integration if vertical integration generates greater effect on price premium as relative to the cost. Strength of internal and forward integration is related strongly to higher price premiums than integration balance.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is encouraged to test if the findings of this study can be generalized to other industries and/or other types of supplier relationship integration, e.g. partnership, strategic alliance and joint venture.Originality/valueAs a departure from extant literature, it is argued that vertical integration is a viable strategy that enables companies to gain differentiation‐based advantage. A conceptual model is developed and applied to the apparel industry, which explains critical issues involved in the design of supply chain structures.
Uncovering hidden profiles: advocacy in team decision making
Authors: Waddell Brian D. , Roberto Michael A. , Yoon Sukki 
Published: February 2013

PurposeResearch shows that teams often fail to surface and use unique information to evaluate decision alternatives. Under a condition known as the hidden profile, each member uniquely possesses a critical clue needed to uncover the superior solution. Failure to share and adequately evaluate this information will result in poor decision quality. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the devil's advocacy technique on the decision quality of hidden profile teams.Design/methodology/approachIn order to mitigate this team decision‐making bias, the present study utilizes experimental research to examine the impact of the devil's advocacy technique on the decision quality of hidden profile teams.FindingsResults show that devil's advocacy groups achieved higher decision quality than groups under free discussion. However, devil's advocacy teams also had higher levels of affective conflict. As a result, while they selected the best solution, devil's advocacy introduced conditions that may hinder the solution's implementationResearch limitations/implicationsSimilar experiments with advocacy techniques suggest that the positive effect on decision quality found here may be reduced in the presence of stronger hidden profiles.Practical implicationsWhile the devil's advocacy technique has the potential to uncover hidden profiles and improve group decision making, the paper recommends that managers use this technique only in teams with strong critical thinking norms that foster constructive conflict.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, no study has examined the impact of devil's advocacy in groups where information is not shared equally prior to deliberations.
Joint ventures or non‐equity alliances? Evidence from Italian firms
Authors: Majocchi Antonio , Mayrhofer Ulrike , Camps Joaquin 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the choice between joint ventures and non‐equity alliances, when firms enter foreign markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing a database of Italian firms compiled by the authors with 879 observations, the paper tests the possible effects of firm specific characteristics, host country institutional characteristics and cultural distance on alliance mode choice.FindingsUsing both transaction cost analysis and the resource based view, the findings demonstrate the crucial role played by firm size as well as by institutional and political features of host countries. The results concerning the role of functional activities involved and the industrial sector are mixed.Originality/valueOverall, the analysis shows that it is necessary to develop a more integrated approach to understand this complex choice made by firms when expanding abroad.
How BATNAs perception impacts JVs negotiations
Authors: Carmen Saorín‐Iborra M. , Redondo‐Cano Ana , Revuelto‐Taboada Lorenzo 
Published: February 2013

PurposeIn light of the inconclusive findings in literature, the aim of this paper is to answer the question: how can negotiation behavior be explained in a situation of power imbalance?Design/methodology/approachBased on Kim et al., the paper proposes a theoretical model that is empirically studied through a case study.FindingsPower relationship is a key contextual factor in determining negotiation behavior in joint ventures (JVs), but it has to be defined more in terms of the perceived value of the alternatives rather than the amount of available better alternatives to a negotiation agreement (BATNAs). Thus, when a partner looks to gain access to knowledge (market, technology, etc.) about the counterpart, although it has a greater number of BATNAs, they perceive a situation of mutual dependency.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how the negotiating context affects behavior is crucial for firms to anticipate the reactions and behavior of their counterparts and thus display suitable behavior to gain the most favorable agreement possible in JVs (win/win agreements in view of the importance of establishing long‐term commitment for a correct implementation and performance). The correct selection of the negotiating team also appears as a key element for consideration (people capable to maintain an integrative orientation to confront any competitive reaction).Originality/valueThe paper focuses on the determination of negotiation behavior in joint ventures, an overlooked research area. In particular, it gives light to the inconsistent results found in earlier works centered in analyzing the impact of power‐dependence relationship in negotiation behavior choice.
Warrants, ownership concentration, and market liquidity
Authors: Brockman Paul , Olsen Brett C. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeFirms issuing equity securities for capital must recognize that this issuance may alter the ownership concentration of the firm. Through this change in ownership structure, the market liquidity of the firm's stock may also change, which has implications for the cost of equity capital and firm value. This paper aims to examine a specific security, the common stock purchase warrant, within this context. It also aims to posit that the decision to issue warrants has important implications for the firm's subsequent ownership structure and market liquidity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's unique dataset of warrant‐issuing firms tracks the warrants from their issue through to their exercise. Based on the study of SEOs by Kothare, the ownership concentration and market liquidity of the underlying stock prior to and following warrant exercises are measured. The paper examines the causal relations between warrant exercises and ownership changes, and between ownership changes and market liquidity.FindingsThe paper shows that firms experience a statistically and economically significant decrease in ownership concentration following warrant exercises. Examining the liquidity effects of this change in ownership, it shows that market liquidity increases significantly after the exercise of warrants, consistent with the literature. The decrease in concentration following warrant exercises is experienced exclusively by firm insiders. The paper also finds that outsiders increase their holdings in firms with a high concentration of inside holdings and in firms with a low concentration of outside holdings prior to warrant exercises; that is, they use warrant offerings to increase their influence in the firm.Originality/valueThis study is the first to the authors' knowledge that investigates warrants through their entire life span, and the first to examine the effects of warrant exercises on the performance and market liquidity of the firm. The results contribute to securities issuance, ownership, and liquidity literatures.
The FX exposure puzzle: insights from SEC disclosures
Authors: Makar Stephen , Huffman Stephen 
Published: February 2013

PurposeUsing firm‐specific SEC currency risk disclosures, this paper aims to provide insight into the puzzling absence of significant returns‐based foreign exchange exposure (FXE). Such a hand gathered disclosure data identify the bilateral exchange rate to which the firm is most vulnerable (BRV) and the firm's FX hedge techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe BRV‐based estimates of FXE are compared to the FXE estimates using the broad trade‐weighted index (TWI) data that are prevalent in prior research. Multivariate regression and sample partitioning by level of value and size premiums are used to analyze these alternative FXE estimates.FindingsThe univariate results reveal a higher percentage of firms with significant BRV‐estimated FXE compared to TWI‐estimated FXE. Multivariate tests indicate a negative relation between firm‐specific financial hedging and BRV‐estimated FXE (but not TWI‐estimated FXE), controlling for firm‐specific non‐financial/operational hedging, size and industry effects. Moreover, firms in the first and fifth quintiles for measures of value/growth and size have higher levels of FXE.Practical implicationsUsing SEC currency risk disclosures improves the analysis of firm‐specific FXE, allowing investors to better estimate risk and cost of capital.Originality/valueThe paper helps resolve the FX exposure puzzle using a unique dataset of firm‐specific currency risk disclosures. The improved estimates of FXE provide a more detailed risk profile of multinational firms.
A story on SPACs
Authors: Lakicevic Milan , Vulanovic Milos 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to study characteristics of specified purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) and examine the performance of their securities over time.Design/methodology/approachPrevious findings in literature on SPACs' performance around the announcement of merger date are scarce, not uniform, and mostly address the performance of SPACs' common shares. The authors believe that more insights on merger announcements can be obtained if the perf]ormance of all three types of securities that SPACs issue during the IPO, namely units, common stocks, and warrants are analyzed simultaneously. In order to examine the behavior of these securities we form three samples with daily returns for three distinguished SPAC securities. Results are obtained for abnormal returns based on the market model from Brown and Warner.FindingsIt is found that SPACs represent a fairly unique way to raise capital. The incentives of their founders, underwriters, and investors are interdependent and successful business combinations generally result in significant returns to founders. The analysis shows that SPACs have a complex corporate structure in which the incentives of the founders, underwriters, and investors are interdependent and where successful mergers result in significant returns to the founders. It also shows that different SPAC securities do not exhibit similar reactions in response to announcements regarding their corporate status. While holders of all three securities realize positive abnormal returns on the merger announcement day, the strongest reaction is observed among the investors holding warrants, while common stock holders react very mildly.Originality/valueSPACs are recent phenomena in capital markets and very few papers in finance literature describe them. None of the existing papers evaluated performance of all three types of SPAC securities: units, common shares and warrants before this paper.
Primacy versus recency effects in extended service encounters
Authors: Garnefeld Ina , Steinhoff Lena 
Published: February 2013

PurposeCustomer satisfaction formation represents a dynamic phenomenon, especially in extended service encounters. A single service encounter may have an extended duration and feature several service interactions, which the customer can evaluate independently. This paper aims to offer a dynamic perspective on satisfaction formation, which indicates that what matters is not only the interactions a customer confronts but also when these interactions occur.Design/methodology/approachResearch from social psychology provides a foundation for hypothesizing different effects of positive and negative critical incidents. Negative critical incidents likely are more important for overall satisfaction if they occur at the end of a service encounter. Positive critical incidents should have stronger effects at the beginning. In a 2×2 experimental design, participants considered a five‐day holiday hotel experience.FindingsThe data support the predicted dominance of a recency effect for negative critical incidents, such that a negative critical incident has a greater negative impact on customers' overall satisfaction when it occurs at the end of a service encounter instead of at the beginning. For positive critical incidents, no significant differences arose between primacy and recency effects.Practical implicationsThe results highlight the importance of process designs of service experiences. Managers should pay particular attention to avoiding service failures at the end of a service encounter.Originality/valueUnlike research that only assesses satisfaction formation for service encounters from a non‐dynamic perspective, this study posits the importance of the order of interactions within a service encounter.
Commerce, empire and faith in Safavid Iran: thecaravanseraiof Isfahan
Authors: Bryce Derek , O'Gorman Kevin D. , Baxter Ian W.F. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: to explore how commercial hospitality has contributed to the development of urban areas in relation to commerce, hospitality, religious and imperial patronage in early modern, Safavid Iran (c. seventeenth century). Second, to combine material culture research methods in an analytical framework for future use.Design/methodology/approachData were collected during 27 site visits over three years to 14caravanseraisix bazaar complexes. A material culture methodology is proposed, designed and implemented, supplemented by analysis of textual sources.FindingsThe form and function ofcaravanseraiat Zein‐i Edin broadly reflect the form and function of desertcaravanseraicommon in much of the Islamic world. However, the complex within the Qaysariyya Bazaar in Isfahan reflects the convergence of specific dynastic, geopolitical and economic issues facing seventeenth century Safavid Iran shaping both urban form and commercial focus. These are consolidation of the Safavid dynasty, rivalry with the Ottoman Empire and the vital importance of trade with Mughal India.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by its specific contextual scope but invites further investigation in analogous contexts across this milieu as well as further implementation of the material culture methods it adopts to both historical and contemporary commercial contexts.Originality/valueThe paper explores, for the first time the development of commercial hospitality in early modern Iran and invites further consideration of the development of capitalism outside of Eurocentric teleologies. Furthermore, it presents a new and explicit methodological framework for using material culture as a means of enquiry.
Public dining in Dublin
Authors: Mac Con Iomaire Máirtín 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the changing food culture of Ireland focusing particularly on the evolution of commercial public dining in Dublin 1700‐1900, from taverns, coffeehouses and clubs to the proliferation of hotels and restaurants particularly during the latter half of the nineteenth century.Design/methodology/approachUsing a historical research approach, the paper draws principally on documentary and archival sources, but also uses material culture. Data are analysed using a combination of hermeneutics (Denzin and Lincoln, O'Gorman) and textual analysis (Howell and Prevenier).FindingsThe paper traces the various locations of public dining in Dublin 1700‐1900 and reveals that Dublin gentlemen's clubs preceded their London counterparts in owning their own premises, but that the popularity of clubs in both cities resulted in a slower growth of restaurants than in Paris. Competition for clubs appeared in the form of good hotels. The Refreshment Houses and Wine Licences (Ireland) Act 1860 created a more congenial environment for the opening of restaurants, with separate ladies coffee or dining rooms appearing from around 1870 onwards.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of research on the history of Irish food and commercial food provision in particular. This paper provides the most comprehensive discussion to date on the development of commercial dining in Dublin 1700‐1900 and suggests that the 1860 legislation might be further explored as a catalyst for the growth of restaurants in London and other British cities.