bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals variation in the metabolites of Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium nobile
Authors: Chen Li , Duan Shuna , Huang Jiahui , Hu Li , Liu Shuping , Lan Qiqian , Wei Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionDendrobium is a perennial herb of the genus Dendrobium in the orchid family. Generally, Dendrobium officinale (TP) and Dendrobium huoshanense (HS) are both considered to have the function of yin‐nourishing, while Dendrobium nobile (JC) has better efficacy of heat‐clearing. However, because of the wide variety of Dendrobium species, the classification and clinical application of Dendrobium are often confused clearly distinguished in different medicinal uses.ObjectiveIn order to compare the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the three Dendrobium.MethodsWe selected TP, HS, and JC cultivated on stone for metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses between 2 and 3 years.ResultsThe results showed that a total of 489 metabolites were obtained, including 72 were DAMs. The 72 DAMs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis results showed that 1,038 annotated DEGs were identified among the three Dendrobium species. The comprehensive analysis showed that the three Dendrobium differed in the distribution of the content of four major active components: flavonoids, amino acids, alkaloids, and sugars and alcohols, among which the DAMs and DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.ConclusionIn this study, metabolomics and transcriptomics were utilized to compare the differences among the three species of Dendrobium, to provide theoretical references for future research and selection of different species of Dendrobium based on different medicinal uses, and to lay the foundation for further research on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Dendrobium.
Assessing rheological properties of oxidized Moringa oleifera gum and carboxymethyl chitosan‐based self‐healing hydrogel for additive manufacturing applications
Authors: Verma Mehul , Kumar Jitendra , Pradhan Abhinav Ayush , Majumder Nilotpal , Ghosh Sourabh , Purwar Roli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRheology plays a vital role in pneumatic three‐dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogels. This study investigates the rheological behavior of a novel self‐healing hydrogel (O‐MOG/CMCh) formed by a Schiff base crosslinking reaction between oxidized Moringa oleifera gum (O‐MOG), a biodegradable antimicrobial polysaccharide, and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh), a water‐soluble biocompatible chitosan derivative. Three hydrogel formulations were designed using 5% w/v of CMCh with varied concentrations of O‐MOG (3% w/v, 4% w/v, and 5% w/v) and evaluated through rheology analyses, including frequency sweeps, amplitude sweeps, oscillatory thixotropy, and gelation kinetics. These tests revealed that the material has shear thinning, self‐healing properties, a high linear viscoelastic region (LVE), and gel formation times (tgel) of 3.23–4.57 min. The hydrogel synthesized with 5% w/v of O‐MOG composition exhibited the best characteristics for printability based on rheological assessments, and this composition was used for further printing assessment, where bi‐layered 4 × 4 and 2 × 2 grids were successfully printed using 22 G (0.41 mm) and 23 G (0.34 mm) syringes. All the constructs had a printability index value of 1 ± 0.13 and spreading ratios <6.5, demonstrating the feasibility of employing the synthesized hydrogel as an acellular matrix via additive manufacturing.Highlights
Self‐healing hydrogel was prepared by mixing the precursors through a cannula.
Rheology was examined using standard tests for printability assessment.
3D printability was achieved using two different gauze syringes.
Printability parameters were recorded and analyzed for the constructs.
Morphology and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/graphene oxide polymeric composites
Authors: Mokoena Lesia Sydney , Mofokeng Julia Puseletso 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blends are typically phase‐separated, and there is limited research on using graphene oxide (GO) as their matrix filler. PLA/PHBV/GO composites using 1, 3, or 5 wt% GO were prepared by melt mixing, after which their morphology and thermal properties were determined. All the components were hydrophilic (Contact angles less than 90°), and the wetting coefficient value of 3.52 suggested that GO would be dispersed in PLA during surface energy evaluations (SEES). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that PLA/PHBV blends are immiscible and phase‐separated; however, adding GO brought partial miscibility. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that GO plasticized the polymers at lower contents (1 wt%) and inhibited their crystallization at higher contents (3 and 5 wt%). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements showed that a chemical interaction exists between GO and the polymers, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that GO inhibited crystallization in the polymers at high contents. Adding GO to the polymers generally improved the thermal stability of PLA, verifying the affinity thereof during thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Merging of the thermal degradation steps implied that GO induced partial miscibility on polymers. Concurrently, the polymers thermally masked the GO to prolong its lifespan. Composites with 1 wt% GO were the optimal and ideal materials.Highlights
Melt mixed PLA/PHBV blends and their composites with GO as a filler.
GO brought partial miscibility to the blends and favored the PLA phase.
1 wt% GO contents provide optimal thermal and morphological properties.
3 and 5 wt% GO contents form chemical bonds with the polymers.
Initial GO loadings increase the crystallinity of the polymers.
Enhanced thermoregulation performance of knitted fabrics using phase change material incorporated thermoplastic polyurethane and cellulose acetate nanofibers
Authors: Akduman Çiğdem , Oğlakcıoğlu Nida , Çay Ahmet 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNanofibers act as carriers in systems containing functional materials produced via electrospinning method. By this way, it is possible to transport functional materials with polymer nanofibers, besides having a large surface area compared to their volume, the encapsulation process, which includes complex preparation processes, is eliminated here, and functional materials such as phase‐change materials (PCMs) can be conveniently integrated directly into the carrier material by electrospinning method. The resulting nanofiber membrane can also be used in combination with textile fabrics. This study aims to develop PCM containing nanofibrous membrane coated knitted fabric structures with heat regulation capabilities. Two types of PCMs, hexadecane and octadecane loaded into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers, directly electrospun on cotton (CO), cotton/polyester (CO/PES), cotton/acrylic (CO/PAC) knitted fabrics for thermoregulation. These nanofiber‐coated fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and their comfort properties were evaluated by water vapor and air permeability tests and compared with a commercial microcapsule impregnated fabric. According to DSC results, PCM incorporated CA nanofibers had better heat storage capacity than TPU nanofibers and microcapsule applied fabrics. Although PCM‐loaded CA nanofibers may not block airflow as effectively as TPU nanofibers, when a proper coating is achieved air permeability can be decreased to 21.70 L/m2/s, along with a heat storage capacity of 26.38 J/g and still having permeability to water vapor (%40).Highlights
Phase change materials were integrated directly to the carrier material by electrospinning
PCM integrated nanofiber coating reduced air permeability
PCM integrated nanofiber coating did not block water vapor permeability
Electrspun cellulose acetate +PCM coating had better heat storage capacity
The relationship of hip strength to walking and balance performance in unilateral lower limb prosthesis users differs by amputation level
Authors: Sawers Andrew , Fatone Stefania 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSafe and efficient locomotion is a frequently stated goal of lower limb prosthesis users, for which hip strength may play a central yet poorly understood role. Additional research to identify associations between hip strength, balance, and mobility among transtibial and transfemoral prosthesis users is required.ObjectiveTo test whether residual and/or intact limb isometric hip strength was associated with lower limb prosthesis users’ walking speed, endurance, and balance.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingResearch laboratory.ParticipantsConvivence sample of 14 transtibial and 14 transfemoral prosthesis users.MethodsMultiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between isometric measures of residual and intact limb hip strength and walking and balance performance.Main Outcome MeasurementsMeasures of isometric hip muscle strength, including peak torque, average torque, torque impulse, and torque steadiness (i.e. consistency with which an isometric torque can be sustained) were derived from maximum voluntary hip flexion, extension, abduction and adduction torque signals collected with a motor‐driven dynamometer. Walking speed, endurance, and balance were assessed by administering the 10‐meter walk test, 2‐minute walk test, Four Square Step Test, and Narrowing Beam Walking Test, respectively.ResultsResidual limb hip extensor max torque and abductor torque steadiness explained between 51% and 69% of the variance in transtibial prosthesis users’ walking speed, endurance, and balance. In contrast, intact limb hip abductor torque impulse explained between 33% and 48% of the variance in transfemoral prosthesis users’ walking speed, endurance, and balance.ConclusionsOur results suggest that unilateral transtibial and transfemoral prosthesis users’ walking and balance performance may depend on different hip muscles, and different facets of hip strength. Amputation level‐specific hip strength interventions may therefore be required to improve walking and balance performance in unilateral transtibial and transfemoral prosthesis users. The “intact leg strategy” adopted by transfemoral prosthesis users may be due to a variety of prosthesis and biomechanical factors that limit the efficiency with which transfemoral prosthesis users can exploit the strength of their residual limb hip muscles while walking.
Advances in photocrosslinked natural hydrogel‐based microspheres for bone repair
Authors: Li Hao‐Ru , Zhou Jing , Zhou Yan‐Wen , Dao Jin‐Wei , Wei Dai‐Xu , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the prevalence of bone diseases is showing an increasing trend, which is mainly attributed to the aging of the global population. However, bone repair and regeneration are still an unsolved problem in the treatment of bone diseases, which include a series of biological events. Photocrosslinked natural hydrogel‐based microspheres (PNHMs) are spherical particles composed of photocrosslinked natural hydrogel components. Due to their morphology, injectability, and biocompatibility, PNHMs are widely used in tissue regeneration, particularly for bone defects. In this article, we review the available photocrosslinked natural materials for PNHMs, and then introduce their preparation methods. After that, we summarize the important advanced functionalities of PNHMs. For example, PNHMs can be loaded with different active ingredients to exert anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects, while also realizing lubrication due to their specific shape and size distribution. In addition, the function of capturing ions can be realized via coordination. When applied in bone tissue engineering, PNHMs can promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis, with great potential in the treatment of bone diseases. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PNHMs for bone repair are discussed.
Interactions between migration and immunity among oriental armyworm populations infected with the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Lv Weixiang , Jiang Xingfu , Li Ping , Xie Dianjie , Wang Dengjie , Stanley David , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMigration and immunity are behavioral and physiological traits that protect organisms from environmental stressors or pathogen infection. Shifting from migration to residency has become more common in some wildlife populations owing to environmental changes. However, other biological shifts, such as interactions between migration and immunity among populations within a species are largely unexplored for many agricultural migratory pests. In the field, entomopathogenic fungi infection and transmission, particularly Beauveria bassiana, can cause reduced fitness and population declines across a broad range of insect species.RESULTSHere, we investigated migration–immunity interactions between migrant and resident populations of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, infected with B. bassiana (the sole fungus used in this work). We found that migratory M. separata exerted stronger pathogen resistance, faster development and lower pupal weight than residents. High‐dose infections (5.0 × 105 and 5.0 × 106 conidia mL−1) led to seriously decreased reproductive capacity in migrants and residents. Low‐dose infections (1.0 × 104 and 5.0 × 104 conidia mL−1) led to significantly increased host flight capacities. Consecutive flight tests showed that five flight nights inhibited the reproduction of paternal infected M. separata populations. The flights also led to far‐reaching transgenerational impairment of larval development and immune defense among offspring populations. By contrast, two flight nights enhanced the reproductive capacities of both M. separata populations and did not exert negative transgenerational effects on offspring populations, which may facilitate migration.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides insights into interactions between migration and immunity among M. separata populations. These insights will guide development of future monitoring and management technologies of this pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Agro‐input dealers' perspectives on the design of a certification scheme for pesticide risk reduction
Authors: Tambo Justice A , Holmes Keith , Aliamo Caroline , Mbugua Fredrick , Alokit Christine , Muzira Fred , Byamugisha Andrew , Mwambu Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile pesticides are essential for crop protection and food security, they pose serious risks to human health and the environment. Agro‐input dealers can play an important role in mitigating pesticide risks, given that they are a major source of pesticides and plant health information for many developing‐country farmers. In this article, we assess the willingness of agro‐input dealers to offer integrated pest management‐based advisory services and promote pesticide risk reduction through a voluntary certification scheme.RESULTSUsing survey data from 557 agro‐input dealers in Uganda and a discrete choice experiment, we find that the proposed certification scheme is significantly valued by agro‐input dealers, particularly for its potential to provide training opportunities and ensure safety to human health and the environment. Agro‐input dealers have a positive attitude towards a certification scheme that restricts the sale of high‐risk pesticide products, especially if it stimulates additional income‐generating opportunities. Further analysis shows that preferences for voluntary certification attributes are influenced by certification experience, agro‐dealership experience, business ownership status and incidence of acute pesticide poisoning.CONCLUSIONThe study findings demonstrate that agro‐input dealers are conscious of pesticide risks to human and environmental health and are keen to participate in a certification scheme promoting safer plant protection products. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bayesian Methods for Quality Tolerance Limit (QTL) Monitoring
Authors: Poythress J. C. , Lee Jin Hyung , Takeda Kentaro , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn alignment with the ICH guideline for Good Clinical Practice [ICH E6(R2)], quality tolerance limit (QTL) monitoring has become a standard component of risk‐based monitoring of clinical trials by sponsor companies. Parameters that are candidates for QTL monitoring are critical to participant safety and quality of trial results. Breaching the QTL of a given parameter could indicate systematic issues with the trial that could impact participant safety or compromise the reliability of trial results. Methods for QTL monitoring should detect potential QTL breaches as early as possible while limiting the rate of false alarms. Early detection allows for the implementation of remedial actions that can prevent a QTL breach at the end of the trial. We demonstrate that statistically based methods that account for the expected value and variability of the data generating process outperform simple methods based on fixed thresholds with respect to important operating characteristics. We also propose a Bayesian method for QTL monitoring and an extension that allows for the incorporation of partial information, demonstrating its potential to outperform frequentist methods originating from the statistical process control literature.
Carvacrol ameliorates skin allograft rejection through modulating macrophage polarization by activating the Wnt signalling pathway
Authors: Zhao Wentao , Tang Hong , Liang Zhi , Wang Ning , Sun Ruiqi , Su Rong , Yang Zhentao , Zhou Ke , Peng Yiyang , Zheng Shusen , Xie Haiyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPost‐transplantation immune rejection remains an important factor for transplant patients. However, conventional immunosuppressants are associated with substantial adverse effects. Natural immunosuppressants present a promising alternative to conventional counterparts, boasting exceptional biological activity, minimal toxicity and reduced side effects. We identified carvacrol as a prospective immunosuppressive agent following T cell proliferation experiment and validated carvacrol's immunosuppressive efficacy in the murine allogeneic skin graft model. T cell proliferation assay was used to screen natural small molecule compounds and the immunosuppressive effect of compounds was evaluated in MHC‐mismatched murine allogeneic skin graft model. H&E and immunohistochemical staining were applied to evaluate the pathological grade. Furthermore, flow cytometry was uitlized to analyse the immunophenotype changes of immune cells. Western blotting and q‐PCR were used to detect the expression of key molecules in macrophages. In vitro, carvacrol demonstrates significant inhibition of the proliferation of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. It notably reduces inflammatory factor expression within the allografts, suppresses T cell differentiation toward Th1 phenotype and expansion. Furthermore, carvacrol prominently hinders M1‐type macrophages polarization by activating Wnt signaling. Notably, the anti‐rejection efficacy of carvacrol was significantly weakened upon the removal of macrophages in mice using chlorophosphate liposomes. Carvacrol could significantly inhibit T cell proliferation, alleviate graft rejection and has outstanding toxicological safety. The molecular mechanism of the anti‐rejection effect of carvacrol is closely related to its mediating activation of macrophage Wnt pathway, inhibiting M1 polarization and inducing T cell differentiation.
Interplay between traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides and gut microbiota: The elusive “polysaccharides‐bond‐bacteria‐enzyme” equation
Authors: Rong XinQian , Shen CanTing , Shu QingLong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides are one of the most important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory properties. The functions and effects of TCM polysaccharides are closely related to the gut microbiota, making the study of their interaction a hot topic in the field of TCM metabolism. This review follows two main inquiries: first, how the gut microbiota breaks down TCM polysaccharides to produce bioactive metabolites; and second, how TCM polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota as a carbon source. Understanding the interaction mechanism involves a challenging equation of the structural association of TCM polysaccharides with the metabolic activities of the microbiota. This review has meticulously searched, partially organized literature spanning the past decade, that delves into the interaction mechanism between TCM polysaccharides and gut microbiota. It also gives an overview of the complex factors of the elusive “polysaccharides‐bond‐bacteria‐enzyme” equation: the complexity of polysaccharide structures, the diversity of glycosidic bond types, the communal nature of metabolizing microbiota, the enzymes involved in functional degradation by microbiota, and the hierarchical roles of polysaccharide utilization locus and gram‐positive PULs. Finally, this review aims to facilitate discussion among peers in the field of TCM microbiota and offers prospects for research in related fields, paving the way for pharmacological studies on TCM polysaccharides and gut microbiota therapeutics, and providing a reference point for further clinical research.
Enhancing Packaging Design for Dynamic Loads: A Methodological Approach for Corner Impact Situations in Packaging
Authors: Cáceres‐Naranjo D. , González Pablo , Pérez María Ángeles , Calvo S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the challenges in designing packaging to withstand dynamic loads while considering environmental impact and avoiding polymeric materials. It introduces a novel experimental equipment capable of measuring packaging behaviour under corner impacts. The research aims to fill the gap in design tools for non‐flat impact scenarios. By measuring acceleration through dummy products, the study overcomes limitations in cushioning curves. Results offer insights into the dynamic response of packaging systems, aiding in the selection of suitable materials and configurations. Visual analysis enhances understanding of corner protection placement, optimizing energy dissipation. The developed experimental device facilitates rapid data generation, enabling scalable application to corner drop designs, thus serving as a valuable tool in packaging optimization efforts.