bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstructive sleep apnoea in people with Type 1 diabetes: prevalence and association with micro‐ and macrovascular complications
Authors: Manin G. , Pons A. , Baltzinger P. , Moreau F. , Iamandi C. , Wilhelm J. M. , Lenoble P. , Kessler L. , Kessler R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsFew reports have assessed the relationship between Type 1 diabetes and sleep disorders. The purposes of our study were to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in Type 1 diabetes and to compare the clinical profile of people with Type 1 diabetes with or without obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodsIn this cross sectional study of 67 consecutive people with Type 1 diabetes, we performed polysomnography as part of their yearly check‐ups.ResultsIn our cohort, with a mean BMI of 25.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea [apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) > 10/h] was 46%. Severe obstructive sleep apnoea (AHI ≥ 30/h) was present in 19% of the patients. We found no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, HbA1c or Epworth sleepiness scale score between people with or without obstructive sleep apnoea. People with obstructive sleep apnoea had a longer course of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.01) and a higher prevalence of retinopathy (P < 0.01), neuropathy (P = 0.05), cardiovascular disease (P < 0.01) and hypertension (P < 0.01). The occurrence of macrovascular complications was independently associated with the presence of OSA [odds ratio (OR) 8.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.56–43.97; P = 0.013] and the duration of diabetes (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02–1.15; P = 0.01). Moreover, retinopathy was independently associated with OSA (OR 4.54; 95% CI, 1.09–18.82; P = 0.04) and the duration of diabetes (OR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04–1.15; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea was high in people with Type 1 diabetes. Obstructive sleep apnoea was independently associated with macrovascular complications and retinopathy. Obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness were uncommon in this population.
Inhibition of the amygdala central nucleus by stimulation of cerebellar output in rats: a putative mechanism for extinction of the conditioned fear response
Authors: Magal Ari , Mintz Matti 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe amygdala and the cerebellum serve two distinctively different functions. The amygdala plays a role in the expression of emotional information, whereas the cerebellum is involved in the timing of discrete motor responses. Interaction between these two systems is the basis of the two‐stage theory of learning, according to which an encounter with a challenging event triggers fast classical conditioning of fear‐conditioned responses in the amygdala and slow conditioning of motor‐conditioned responses in the cerebellum. A third stage was hypothesised when an apparent interaction between amygdala and cerebellar associative plasticity was observed: an adaptive rate of cerebellum‐dependent motor‐conditioned responses was associated with a decrease in amygdala‐dependent fear‐conditioned responses, and was interpreted as extinction of amygdala‐related fear‐conditioned responses by the cerebellar output. To explore this hypothesis, we mimicked some components of classical eyeblink conditioning in anesthetised rats by applying an aversive periorbital pulse as an unconditioned stimulus and a train of pulses to the cerebellar output nuclei as a cerebellar neuronal‐conditioned response. The central amygdala multiple unit response to the periorbital pulse was measured with or without a preceding train to the cerebellar output nuclei. The results showed that activation of the cerebellar output nuclei prior to periorbital stimulation produced diverse patterns of inhibition of the amygdala response to the periorbital aversive stimulus, depending upon the nucleus stimulated, the laterality of the nucleus stimulated, and the stimulus interval used. These results provide a putative extinction mechanism of learned fear behavior, and could have implications for the treatment of pathologies involving abnormal fear responses by using motor training as therapy.
Increased number of teeth predict acquisition of mutans streptococci in infants
Authors: Nelson Suchitra , Albert Jeffery M. , Soderling Eva , Malik Anchal , Curtan Shelley , Geng Cuiyu , Milgrom Peter 
Published: September 2014

This longitudinal study of 194 very‐low birthweight (VLBW) and 184 normal birthweight (NBW) infants hypothesized that the causal pathway between birth group (VLBW or NBW) and mutans streptococci (MS) acquisition (presence) at 18–20 months is mediated by biological, behavioral, and caregiver MS levels. Biological (number of teeth at 8 and 18–20 months and enamel hypoplasia) and behavioral (brushing/cleaning, sweet snacks, breastfeeding, and dental access) factors were assessed using dental examinations and caregiver questionnaire responses at 8 and 18–20 months. Infant MS acquisition and caregiver MS levels were assessed from saliva and plaque samples collected at 8 and 18–20 months. Structural equation modeling evaluated the causal pathway with latent variables for biology and behavior. Mutans streptococci presence was similar between birth groups at 18–20 months (40% in VLBW infants and 49% in NBW infants), but was significantly higher for NBW infants at 8 months. Increased number of teeth at 8 and 18–20 months was associated with biological risk. Infants whose caregivers had a 1‐point higher score on MS had a significantly (1.5) higher odds of MS presence. Caregiver behavior was not associated with MS presence. Early‐intervention efforts should focus on delaying initial acquisition and improving caregiver awareness of taking care of erupting primary teeth.
Cryptic diversity within the rotifer Polyarthra dolichoptera along an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Obertegger Ulrike , Flaim Giovanna , Fontaneto Diego 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Cryptic species (species that are difficult or impossible to distinguish morphologically) are found worldwide and neglecting them may hamper our understanding of species‐environment relationships. The rotifer Polyarthra dolichoptera occurs across wide environmental gradients, indicating the potential for a cryptic species complex. We used P. dolichoptera as a model to investigate spatial patterns and relationships of cryptic species with environmental variables along a broad altitudinal gradient.

We sequenced 575 specimens of Polyarthra from 42 waterbodies from Germany, Hungary and Italy sampled in summer. Thirty‐five lakes were distributed along an altitudinal gradient (250–2564 m a.s.l.) in a geographically restricted area, the Trentino–South Tyrol region, Italy, and one lake (Lake Tovel) was sampled in two basins and at different depths year‐round to investigate temporal and spatial patterns of cryptic species. We used the Generalised Mixed Yule Coalescent model to delimit cryptic species (GMYC entities) based on a phylogenetic tree and related their presence/absence to space and the environment by applying Mantel tests and variance partitioning.

We found twelve GMYC entities of P. dolichoptera. In variance partitioning, most explained variability was attributed to the interaction between space and altitude and by environmental variables and geographical space alone. However, by splitting the data into sets of low‐ and high‐altitude lakes, the strong effect of altitude was removed; conductivity and silica played a major role in high‐altitude lakes, whereas neither environment nor space were related to entity occurrence in low‐altitude lakes. In Lake Tovel, three cryptic entities were found that did not show spatial segregation; however, two entities showed temporal segregation while the third one occurred throughout the year.

Our study showed that P. dolichoptera is a complex of species which distribution is driven by geography and environmental parameters whose importance is different in low‐ and high‐altitude lakes. Considerable unexplained variability points to a major contribution of other variables, potentially in‐lake properties such as competition, predation and species behaviour.
Are Homes Near Water Bodies and Wetlands Worth More or Less? An Analysis of Housing Prices in One Connecticut Town
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey P. , Cromley Robert G. , Banach Kevin T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractProximity to wetlands and water bodies can be considered an amenity (for open space and recreation value), as well as a possible nuisance (with the potential for flooding or development restrictions), although the overall effect may be different depending on location. Studies of the impacts of wetlands and water on housing prices can also be prone to spatial autocorrelation problems arising from omitted unobservables. McMillen and Redfearn explain that locally weighted regressions (LWRs) can address spatial autocorrelation. In addition to ordinary least squares (OLS), we use LWR to control for spatial effects and analyze how proximity to water bodies and wetland areas impact real sales prices of homes in one Connecticut town in 2000–2009. With OLS regressions, proximity to wetland areas and water bodies are insignificant determinants of the real sale price of homes. When we control for spatial effects with a nonparametric (i.e., LWR) approach, the significance of the water variable is different than from OLS—while greater distance from wetlands leads to an insignificant relationship with housing price, the water distance effect becomes negative and significant. These results imply that incorporating potential spatial heterogeneity in the data is crucial for accurately estimating the direction, magnitudes, and statistical significance of the relationships between environmental variables and housing prices.
Deletion of the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptors accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice
Authors: Romana‐Souza Bruna , Nascimento Adriana P. , Brum Patricia C. , Monte‐Alto‐Costa Andréa 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe α2‐adrenoceptors regulate the sympathetic nervous system, controlling presynaptic catecholamine release. However, the role of the α2‐adrenoceptors in cutaneous wound healing is poorly understood. Mice lacking both the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptors were used to evaluate the participation of the α2‐adrenoceptor during cutaneous wound healing. A full‐thickness excisional lesion was performed on the dorsal skin of the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout and wild‐type mice. Seven or fourteen days later, the animals were euthanized and the lesions were formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded or frozen. Murine skin fibroblasts were also isolated from α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout and wild‐type mice, and fibroblast activity was evaluated. The in vivo study demonstrated that α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion accelerated wound contraction and re‐epithelialization. A reduction in the number of neutrophils and macrophages was observed in the α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout mice compared with wild‐type mice. In addition, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion enhanced the levels of nitrite and hydroxyproline, and the protein expression of transforming growth factor‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor depletion accelerated blood vessel formation and myofibroblast differentiation. The in vitro study demonstrated that skin fibroblasts isolated from α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor knockout mice exhibited enhanced cell migration, α‐smooth muscle actin _protein expression and collagen deposition compared with wild‐type skin fibroblasts. In conclusion, α2A/α2C‐adrenoceptor deletion accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice.
Consumer understanding, perceptions and behaviours with regard to environmentally friendly packaging in a developing nation
Authors: Scott Lyndsey , Vigar‐Ellis Debbie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThere has been very little research conducted into sustainable consumption patterns, knowledge and attitudes in relation to environmentally friendly packaging in South Africa. Market research that has been conducted in relation to sustainable consumption has largely been based on overseas studies and is therefore limited in that its reflection of information is from a first world country perspective. Environmental knowledge has been found to impact environmentally friendly behaviour both directly and indirectly. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to investigate South African respondents' understanding (knowledge) and perceptions of environmentally friendly packaging as well as the extent to which they exhibited green behaviour with regard to environmentally friendly packaging activities such as reusing and recycling.The data gathered for this study were collected by means of a questionnaire distributed to respondents using snowball sampling through Facebook networks. The snowball sample required respondents to answer the questionnaire and pass it on to other Facebook users. The unique benefit of this study is that it is conducted in a developing nation where issues such as sustainable consumption are new and evolving. There is limited promotion or implementation of environmentally responsible practices by authorities or industry. South African consumers in this study were found to exhibit limited knowledge of what environmentally friendly packaging is, how to differentiate it from normal packaging, as well as its benefits. However, actions are even less evident with regard to environmentally friendly packaging. Recommendations of how to improve knowledge as well as facilitate purchase of environmentally friendly packaging are provided.
Effect of Nutrient Application on Growth, Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities of Rice Seedlings During Flooding Stress and Subsequent Re‐Aeration
Authors: Lal B. , Gautam P. , Rath L. , Haldar D. , Panda B. B. , Raja R. , Shahid M. , Tripathi R. , Bhattacharyya P. , Mohanty S. , Nayak A. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe impact of submergence on the allometry, changes in metabolic activities and antioxidant enzymes during oxidative stress in four Indica rice varieties namely IR‐20, IR‐64 Sub1, Swarna Sub1 and Savitri Sub1 was studied. The differential response of flooding under clear and turbid water with different nutrient application schedules was also examined during and after 12 days of complete submergence. Submergence substantially reduced allometric parameters and the activities of antioxidant enzymes but increased the % change in chlorophyll, soluble sugars and malondialdehyde (MDA) across cultivars with drastic effects on IR‐20. Turbid water resulted in higher leaf senescence, lodging, higher depletion of chlorophyll and soluble sugars because of poor light transmission. Pre‐submergence N application resulted in higher lodging, leaf senescence and higher MDA level but depletion of chlorophyll and NSC leading to higher % change over prior to submergence. Basal P application reduced the senescence and lodging, whereas increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. Foliar spray of post‐submergence N with basal P improved the retention and regain of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and increased the dry matter, leaf area and root shoot ratio. Crop establishment could therefore be enhanced in areas where untimely flooding is anticipated by applying basal P and foliar spray of urea after desubmergence.
Nitrogen Removal by Stormwater Management Structures: A Data Synthesis
Authors: Koch Benjamin J. , Febria Catherine M. , Gevrey Muriel , Wainger Lisa A. , Palmer Margaret A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA comprehensive synthesis of data from empirically based published studies and a widely used stormwater best management practice (BMP) database were used to assess the variability in nitrogen (N) removal performance of urban stormwater ponds, wetlands, and swales and to identify factors that may explain this variability. While the data suggest that BMPs were generally effective on average, removal efficiencies of ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and total nitrogen (TN) were highly variable ranging from negative (i.e., BMPs acting as sources of N) to 100%. For example, removal of NO3 varied from (median ±1 SD) −15 ± 49% for dry ponds, 32 ± 120% for wet ponds, 58 ± 210% for wetlands, and 37 ± 29% for swales. Across the same BMP types, TN removal was 27 ± 24%, 40 ± 31%, 61 ± 30%, and 50 ± 29%. NH4 removal was 9 ± 36%, 29 ± 72%, 31 ± 24%, and 45 ± 34%. BMP size, age, and location explained some of the variability. For example, small and shallow ponds and wetlands were more effective than larger, deeper ones in removing N. Despite well‐known intra‐annual variation in N fluxes, most measurements have been made over short time periods using concentrations, not flow‐weighted N fluxes. Urban N export is increasing in some areas as large storms become more frequent. Thus, accounting for the full range of BMP performance under such conditions is crucial. A select number of long‐term flux‐based BMP studies that rigorously measure rainfall, hydrology, and site conditions could improve BMP implementation.
Safety of classic and biologic systemic therapies for the treatment of psoriasis in elderly: an observational study from national BIOBADADERM registry
Authors: Medina C. , Carretero G. , Ferrandiz C. , Dauden E. , Vanaclocha F. , Gómez‐García F.J. , Herrera‐Ceballos E. , De la Cueva‐Dobao P. , Belinchón I. , Sánchez‐Carazo J.L. , Alsina M. , López‐Estebaranz J.L. , Ferrán M. , Carrascosa J.M. , Torrado R. , Argila D. , Rivera R. , Jiménez‐Puya R. , García‐Doval I. ,   the BIOBADADERM Study Group
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis patients over 65 years‐old (elderly) constitute a growing group, underrepresented in clinical trials, and likely to be more prone to adverse events.ObjectiveTo describe safety of systemic psoriasis therapy in patients over 65 years‐old compared to younger patients.MethodsPatients registered in Biobadaderm, a Spanish national registry of psoriasis patients treated with systemic therapy, were grouped in elderly (≥ 65 years old) and younger patients. Rates of adverse events were described by severity and type, and the risks compared in both groups, taking into account exposure to classic or biologic drugs, using Cox regression.Results175 (9.8%) of 1793 patients were elderly. Overall risk of adverse events was not higher in elderly (drug group adjusted HR 1.09 (95%CI: 0.93‐1.3)). Serious adverse events were more common in elderly (drug group adjusted HR 3.2 (95%CI: 2.0‐5.1)). Age adjusted HR of all adverse events was lower for patients exposed to biologics compared to classic drugs in the whole sample (HR 0.7 (95%CI: 0.6‐0.7)). Age did not seem to modify the effect of therapy (biologic vs. classic) in the risk of adverse events (likelihood ratio test for interaction, p = 0.12 for all adverse events, p = 0‐09 for serious adverse events).ConclusionsSerious adverse events are more common in elderly patients, although they may be related to other variants that are associated with this age group and not due to the treatment itself. Use of biologics was associated with lower risk of adverse events in the whole group. We found no differences in this association between young and elderly. These results are reassuring, although uncontrolled confounding could not be excluded as an explanation for these findings, and the power of the study to detect differences was low.
Molluscum contagiosum surrounded by a white halo and Sezary syndrome
Authors: Le Treut C. , Granel‐Brocard F. , Bursztejn A.‐C. , Barbaud A. , Plénat F. , Schmutz J.‐L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is caused by a DNA virus of the poxvirus group. It is common in children, and is also found in sexually active adults and HIV‐seropositive patients. Cellular immunity is essential to controlling MC virus infection. We report the first observation of a patient with stage IV Sezary syndrome, who presented multiple molluscum contagiosum, spread and surrounded by a pale halo.Case reportA woman aged 70 presented with aggravation of Sezary syndrome diagnosed in 2009 and treated with topical corticosteroids. The examination showed a generalized pruritic exanthem and multiple flesh‐coloured papules from 1 to 3 mm, spread over the entire skin surface and surrounded by a white halo. Histological examination of a lesion showed the presence of infected cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions infected in an acanthotic epidermis, surrounded by a melaninopenic hypomelanosis with a normal melanocyte density. There was no inflammatory character. The diagnosis of multiple molluscum contagiosum was given, the application of clobetasol propionate was suspended and treatment with chlorambucil 4 mg/day and prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/day was started. The evolution of the rash and pruritus was rapidly favourable. After 3 months, the rash and pruritus had regressed. There was no molluscum contagiosum or clear halo.ConclusionWe report the original observation of a patient with stage IV Sezary syndrome, who presented multiple molluscum contagiosum, spread and surrounded by a pale halo, without inflammation, eczema or disappearance of melanocytes. This halo could be due to the secretion of a protein by molluscum contagiosum inhibiting inflammation around this MC. To our knowledge, this phenomenon reported in a patient with severe atopic dermatitis associated with Sezary syndrome has not previously been described.
Parenting and Naturally Occurring Declines in the Antisocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents: A Process Model
Authors: Buck Katharine Ann , Dix Theodore 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis review examines why, without clinical intervention, antisocial behavior tends to decline naturally as everyday family processes unfold over time. Despite considerable research on why antisocial behavior develops and interventions that reduce it, aspects of everyday parenting that lead antisocial behavior to decline in most children without intervention are poorly understood. We examined the positive parenting and child processes that may be the basis for these declines. From research on antisocial behavior, we isolated longitudinal studies in which naturally occurring declines occurred, reviewed what is known about parenting that promotes these declines, evaluated methods needed to understand them, and have proposed a process model that details relevant parenting and child processes.
Tracking protein dynamics with photoconvertible Dendra2 on spinning disk confocal systems
Authors: WOODS ELENA , COURTNEY JANE , SCHOLZ DIMITRI , HALL WILLIAM W. , GAUTIER VIRGINIE W. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryUnderstanding the dynamic properties of cellular proteins in live cells and in real time is essential to delineate their function. In this context, we introduce the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching‐Photoactivation unit (Andor) combined with the Nikon Eclipse Ti E Spinning Disk (Andor) confocal microscope as an advantageous and robust platform to exploit the properties of the Dendra2 photoconvertible fluorescent protein (Evrogen) and analyse protein subcellular trafficking in living cells. A major advantage of the spinning disk confocal is the rapid acquisition speed, enabling high temporal resolution of cellular processes. Furthermore, photoconversion and imaging are less invasive on the spinning disk confocal as the cell exposition to illumination power is reduced, thereby minimizing photobleaching and increasing cell viability. We have tested this commercially available platform using experimental settings adapted to track the migration of fast trafficking proteins such as UBC9, Fibrillarin and have successfully characterized their differential motion between subnuclear structures. We describe here step‐by‐step procedures, with emphasis on cellular imaging parameters, to successfully perform the dynamic imaging and photoconversion of Dendra2‐fused proteins at high spatial and temporal resolutions necessary to characterize the trafficking pathways of proteins.