bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibility in China: a Preferential Stakeholder Model and Effects
Authors: Xun Jiyao 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTResearch interest in examining corporate social responsibility (CSR) in developing economies is on the rise; however, our knowledge of the role of government in CSR remains limited. The aim of this paper is therefore to bridge this gap with an investigation into the specific CSR strategies that global firms have developed in the world's largest emerging economy and a nominally communist country, namely China. Drawing on institutional theory and a relational governance perspective, we posit that rather than adopting a canonical holistic CSR stakeholder model as typically observed in Western countries, these firms adopt a preferential stakeholder model using government‐aimed and consumer‐aimed CSR strategically. Our empirical study sampled 17 global retailers operating in China, with a dataset compiled to include their CSR web announcement data and firm performance data. The results of partial least squares modelling suggest that only government‐aimed CSR plays a salient role in enhancing retailers' performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Pharmacoresistant Cav2·3 (E‐type/R‐type) voltage‐gated calcium channels influence heart rate dynamics and may contribute to cardiac impulse conduction
Authors: Galetin Thomas , Tevoufouet Etienne E. , Sandmeyer Jakob , Matthes Jan , Nguemo Filomain , Hescheler Jürgen , Weiergräber Marco , Schneider Toni 
Published: October 2012

Voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels regulate cardiac automaticity, rhythmicity and excitation–contraction coupling. Whereas L‐type (Cav1·2, Cav1·3) and T‐type (Cav3·1, Cav3·2) channels are widely accepted for their functional relevance in the heart, the role of Cav2·3 Ca2+ channels expressing R‐type currents remains to be elucidated.We have investigated heart rate dynamics in control and Cav2·3‐deficient mice using implantable electrocardiogram radiotelemetry and pharmacological injection experiments. Autonomic block revealed that the intrinsic heart rate does not differ between both genotypes. Systemic administration of isoproterenol resulted in a significant reduction in interbeat interval in both genotypes. It remained unaffected after administering propranolol in Cav2·3(−|−) mice. Heart rate from isolated hearts as well as atrioventricular conduction for both genotypes differed significantly. Additionally, we identified and analysed the developmental expression of two splice variants, i.e. Cav2·3c and Cav2·3e. Using patch clamp technology, R‐type currents could be detected in isolated prenatal cardiomyocytes and be related to R‐type Ca2+ channels.Our results indicate that on the systemic level, the pharmacologically inducible heart rate range and heart rate reserve are impaired in Cav2·3 (−|−) mice. In addition, experiments on Langendorff perfused hearts elucidate differences in basic properties between both genotypes. Thus, Cav2·3 does not only contribute to the cardiac autonomous nervous system but also to intrinsic rhythm propagation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3D AgCl Hierarchical Superstructure Synthesized by a Wet Chemical Oxidation Method
Authors: Lou Zaizhu , Huang Baibiao , Ma Xiangchao , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Xiaoyan , Wang Zeyan , Dai Ying , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel 3D AgCl hierarchical superstructure, with fast growth along the 〈111〉 directions of cubic seeds, is synthesized by using a wet chemical oxidation method. The morphological structures and the growth process are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The crystal structures are analyzed by their crystallographic orientations. The surface energy of AgCl facets {100}, {110}, and {111} with absorbance of Cl− ions is studied by density functional theory calculations. Based on the experimental and computational results, a plausible mechanism is proposed to illustrate the formation of the 3D AgCl hierarchical superstructures. With more active sites, the photocatalytic activity of the 3D AgCl hierarchical superstructures is better than those of concave and cubic ones in oxygen evolution under irradiation by visible light.
High Magnetic Moments in Manganese‐Doped Silicon Clusters
Authors: Ngan Vu Thi , Janssens Ewald , Claes Pieterjan , Lyon Jonathan T. , Fielicke André , Nguyen Minh Tho , Lievens Peter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe report on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of manganese‐doped silicon clusters cations, SinMn+ with n=6–10, 12–14, and 16, using mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory computations. This combined experimental and theoretical study allows several structures to be identified. All the exohedral SinMn+ (n=6–10) clusters are found to be substitutive derivatives of the bare Sin+1+ cations, while the endohedral SinMn+ (n=12–14 and 16) clusters adopt fullerene‐like structures. The hybrid B3P86 functional is shown to be appropriate in predicting the ground electronic states of the clusters and in reproducing their infrared spectra. The clusters turn out to have high magnetic moments localized on Mn. In particular the Mn atoms in the exohedral SinMn+ (n=6–10) clusters have local magnetic moments of 4 μB or 6 μB and can be considered as magnetic copies of the silicon atoms. Opposed to other 3d transition‐metal dopants, the local magnetic moment of the Mn atom is not completely quenched when encapsulated in a silicon cage.
Molecular Gauge Blocks for Building on the Nanoscale
Authors: Grunder Sergio , Valente Cory , Whalley Adam C. , Sampath Srinivasan , Portmann Jürg , Botros Youssry Y. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMolecular gauge blocks, based on 1–7, 9–11 paraxylene rings, have been synthesized as part of a homologous series of oligoparaxylenes (OPXs) with a view to providing a molecular tool box for the construction of nano architectures—such as spheres, cages, capsules, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), metal–organic polyhedrons (MOPs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), to name but a few—of well‐defined sizes and shapes. Twisting between the planes of contiguous paraxylene rings is generated by the steric hindrance associated with the methyl groups and leads to the existence of soluble molecular gauge blocks without the need, at least in the case of the lower homologues, to introduce long aliphatic side chains onto the phenylene rings in the molecules. Although soluble molecular gauge blocks with up to seven consecutive benzenoid rings have been prepared employing repeating paraxylene units, in the case of the higher homologues it becomes necessary to introduce hexyl groups instead of methyl groups onto selected phenylene rings to maintain solubility. A hexyl‐doped compound with seven substituted phenylene rings was found to be an organogelator, exhibiting thermally reversible gelation and a critical gelation concentration of 10 mM in dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, control over the morphology of a series of hexyl‐doped OPXs to give microfibers, microaggregates, or nanofibers, was observed as a function of their lengths according to images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The modular syntheses of the paraphenylene derivatives rely heavily on Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. The lack of π–π conjugation in these derivatives that is responsible for their enhanced solubilities was corroborated by UV/Vis and fluorescent spectroscopy. In one particular series of model OPXs, dynamic 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to probe the stereochemical consequences of having from one up to five axes of chirality present in the same molecule. The Losanitsch sequence for the compounds with 1–3 chiral axes was established, and a contemporary mathematical way was found to describe the sequence. The development of the ways and means to make molecular gauge building blocks will have positive repercussions on the control of nanostructures in general. Their incorporation into extended structures with the MOF‐74 topology provides an excellent demonstration of the potential usefulness of these molecular gauge blocks.
Prospective study on metabolic factors and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Häggström Christel , Stocks Tanja , Ulmert David , Bjørge Tone , Ulmer Hanno , Hallmans Göran , Manjer Jonas , Engeland Anders , Nagel Gabriele , Almqvist Martin , Selmer Randi , Concin Hans , Tretli Steinar , Jonsson Håkan , Stattin Pär 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:There are inconsistent data regarding the association between metabolic factors, separately and combined, and the risk of prostate cancer and death from prostate cancer.METHODS:In the Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Project (Me‐Can), data on body mass index (BMI); blood pressure; and blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides were collected for 289,866 men. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) by exposures in quintiles as well as for z scores (with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1) together with a composite sum of scores to assess the combined effect of metabolic factors. RRs were corrected for random errors in measurement.RESULTS:During a mean follow‐up of 12 years, 6673 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer and 961 died of the disease. Men with high levels of glucose and triglycerides were found to have a decreased risk of prostate cancer: top versus bottom quintile of glucose: RR, 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62‐1.08; P value for trend = .03) and top versus bottom quintile of triglycerides: RR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.74‐1.04; P value for trend = .001). High BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a high composite z score were found to be associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer: top versus bottom quintile of BMI: RR, 1.36 (95% CI, 1.08‐1.71); systolic blood pressure: RR, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.07‐2.45); and per 1‐unit increase of the composite z score: RR, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03‐1.25).CONCLUSIONS:The authors found no evidence of an association between high levels of metabolic factors and the risk of prostate cancer, but high BMI, elevated blood pressure, and a composite score of all metabolic factors were associated with an increased risk of death from prostate cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Laser Mass Spectrometry with Circularly Polarized Light: Circular Dichroism of Molecular Ions
Authors: Logé Christoph , Boesl Ulrich 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn recent experiments of resonance‐enhanced laser ionization, large differences between circular dichroism measured for molecular and fragment ions were found by several research groups for different molecular systems. In the case of 3‐methylcyclopentanone (3‐MCP) we attributed this effect to a large circular dichroism of the molecular ion. In the work presented here, this effect in 3‐MCP is studied by ion spectroscopy, by varying the neutral intermediate excited state involved in resonance‐enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and by performing REMPI‐induced measurements of circular dichroism at different laser pulse energies. It turns out that the dynamics of structural changes in the ionic ground state strongly influences the observed ionic circular dichroism.
Nitroanilines as Quenchers of Pyrene Fluorescence
Authors: Agudelo‐Morales Carlos E. , Silva Oscar F. , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez‐Prieto Julia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe quenching of pyrene and 1‐methylpyrene fluorescence by nitroanilines (NAs), such as 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐nitroaniline (2‐NA, 3‐NA, and 4‐NA, respectively), 4‐methyl‐3‐nitroaniline (4‐M‐3‐NA), 2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (2‐M‐4‐NA), and 4‐methyl‐3,5‐dinitroaniline (4‐M‐3,5‐DNA), are studied in toluene and 1,4‐dioxane. Steady‐state fluorescence data show the higher efficiency of the 4‐NAs as quenchers and fit with a sphere‐of‐action model. This suggests a 4‐NA tendency of being in close proximity to the fluorophore, which could be connected with their high polarity/hyperpolarizability. In addition, emission and excitation spectra evidence the formation of emissive pyrene—NA ground‐state complexes in the case of the 4‐NAs and, in a minor degree, in the 2‐NA. Moreover, time‐resolved fluorescence experiments show that increasing amounts of NA decrease the pyrene fluorescence lifetime to a degree that depends on the NA nature and is larger in the less viscous solvent (toluene). Although the NA absorption and the pyrene (Py) emission overlap, we found no evidence of dipole–dipole energy transfer from the pyrene singlet excited state (1Py) to the NAs; this could be due to the low NA concentration used in these experiments. Transient absorption spectra show that the formation of the pyrene triplet excited state (3Py) is barely affected by the presence of the NAs in spite of their efficiency in 1Py quenching, suggesting the involvement of 1Py—NA exciplexes which—after intersystem crossing—decay efficiently into 3Py.
Two new power allocation schemes for an OFDM cognitive radio with no knowledge on primary users’ interference
Authors: Mahmoodi Seyed Eman , Abolhassani Bahman 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose two new power loading schemes for an OFDM cognitive radio (CR). The novelty of this paper is that the CR has no knowledge about the interference power introduced by primary users (PUs). In the first scheme, we maximize the total received signal power on all CR subcarriers as the objective function with the two constraints: (i) keeping the interference to the PUs below a given threshold, and (ii) allocating less than peak transmit power as the total power levels on all CR subcarriers. The second proposed scheme is similar to the first one with one more constraint, which is more power loading to the CR subcarriers experiencing higher ratio of channel power gain to the noise power. This third constraint results in increasing CR throughput (similar to the water‐filling scheme). Performances of these schemes are analyzed by numerical and simulation results, which illustrate that the two proposed schemes achieve relatively close to the optimal scheme (in which the secondary transmitter has full knowledge about PUs’ interference power) and outperform the scheme based on estimation of this interference power with an estimation error higher than a given threshold. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Chandra–Poram–Bose symbol error probability expression for coherent orthogonal M‐ary frequency shift keying
Authors: Côté François D. , Psaromiligkos Ioannis N. , Gross Warren J. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYAn expression for the average symbol error probability of coherent orthogonal M‐ary frequency shift keying in generalized fading was recently reported by Chandra, Poram, and Bose. We show that the expression is only exact for M = 2; it does, however, provide an accurate approximation for M > 2. By modifying the derivation of the reported expression, we derive a lower bound for M ⩽5 that has the same complexity as the reported expression, and we illustrate that, for M > 2, the expression of the derived bound provides an approximation that is also more accurate.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated shunt‐type MEMS switch with a submicron narrow gap
Authors: Yamamoto Shoji , Maeda Kazuya , Suzuki Kenichiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractShunt‐type MEMS resistive switches have good performance, low loss, and high isolation in a wide frequency band. However, like other MEMS electrostatically driven switches, they suffer from a high driving voltage. The decrease of the gap between the driving electrodes causes a stronger electrostatic force, which is useful for decreasing the driving voltage. On the other hand, the reduction of the gap causes another problem, a decrease in isolation. In this paper, the influence of gap reduction on the performance of MEMS switches is investigated. We fabricated a switch with a gap of 0.9 μm and compared it with another switch having a gap of 2 μm. The measured results showed that the fabricated narrow gap switches had RF frequency characteristics as good as the 2‐μm gap switches. This is owing to the slits formed in a moving electrode over a transmission line. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(11): 40–48, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11417
Synthesis of Carbamates by Direct C–H Bond Activation of Formamides
Authors: Barve Balaji D. , Wu Yang‐Chang , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Chuang Da‐Wei , Chung Yu‐Ming , Tsai Yi‐Hong , Wu Shou‐Fang , Korinek Michal , Du Ying‐Chi , Hsieh Chi‐Ting , Wang Jeh‐Jeng , Chang Fang‐Rong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCopper catalysed oxidative coupling reaction of formamides with β‐keto esters and 2‐carbonyl‐substituted phenols successfully proceeded through direct C–H bond activation of formamides. The corresponding carbamates were formed with high stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. This protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of three novel halogenated carbamates and a carbaryl insecticide derivative. Our results suggest the use of 6.0 equiv. TBHP is crucial for this type of reaction.
3‐P⩵O‐Functionalized Phospholane 1‐Oxides by the Michael Reaction of 1‐Phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐Oxide and Dialkyl Phosphites, H‐Phosphinates, or Diphenylphosphine Oxide
Authors: Jablonkai Erzsébet , Drahos László , Drzazga Zbigniew , Pietrusiewicz K. Michal , Keglevich György 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe addition of dialkyl phosphites, H‐phosphinates, and diphenylphosphine oxide on the β carbon atom of the not too reactive double bond of 1‐phenyl‐2‐phospholene 1‐oxide was carried out in two ways. According to the first approach (A), the P‐reagents were activated by trimethylaluminum prior to the Michael addition. The second method (B) involved the microwave(MW)‐assisted solventless reaction of the P‐species with the phospholene oxide. In general, method A was more efficient and more selective than route B. However, the addition of dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide could also be accomplished well under MW conditions. The disadvantage of the MW‐assisted approach is that the Michael adducts are formed as a mixture of isomers. The 3‐P⩵O‐phospholane oxides are novel products, and among these, the bis(phosphine oxide) is the precursor of the bidentate P‐ligand LuPhos.
A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorescent pH Sensor Derived from Iminocoumarin and Thiophene‐Carboxaldehyde
Authors: Li Hongqi , Guo Jian , Zhang Xuebin , Chen Zhen 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTA novel colorimetric and fluorescent pH sensor derived from iminocoumarin and thiophene‐carboxaldehyde was designed and synthesized. The structures of the dye and related compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Color change from green to yellow of the new sensor solution in ethanol–water with the decrease in the pH value from 7 to 2 was observed by the naked eye. Under acidic conditions, the intensity of the maximum fluorescence emission peak of the sensor increased gradually with the decrease in the acidity of the solution (the increase in the pH value from 2 to 7) and attained to the maximum value at about pH 6. Under basic conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the emission peak of the sensor did not exhibit a distinct change at pH ≤ 11.85, and the fluorescence was quenched at pH 13.36, concomitant with the green color of the solution turning pale. The sensor can be used as a fluorescent pH probe in the presence of common metal cations and anions without interference.
GA/GB Fold switching may modulate fatty acid transfer from human serum albumin to bacteria
Authors: Polticelli Fabio , Caprari Silvia , Gianni Stefano , Ascenzi Paolo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) accounts for most of the functions of plasma. Among others, HSA serves as a carrier and a solubilizer for many endogenous and exogenous ligands, including fatty acids (FAs) as well as peptides and proteins such as the GA module of the bacterial poly(A)‐binding (PAB) protein. Although the biological function(s) of the GA module of the bacterial PAB protein is unknown, the acquisition of the GA module adds selective advantages to the bacterium in terms of growth rate and increase in virulence, probably by providing the bacteria with FAs and, possibly, other nutrients transported by HSA. Here, we hypothesize that the GA module may undergo a structural transition from the all‐α form to the 4β+α form typical of the GB domains upon binding of a FA molecule, as part of the mechanism which allows the bacterial PAB protein to extract FAs from HSA. © 2012 IUBMB. IUBMB Life, 64(11): 885–888, 2012
Selenium‐containing amino acids as direct and indirect antioxidants
Authors: Rahmanto Aldwin Suryo , Davies Michael J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSelenium is a trace element essential for normal physiological processes. Organic selenium‐containing amino acids, such as selenocysteine (Sec) / selenocystine and selenomethionine (SeMet, the major dietary form), can provide antioxidant benefits by acting both as direct antioxidants as well as a source of selenium for synthesis of selenium‐dependent antioxidant and repair proteins (e.g., glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductases, methionine sulfoxide reductases). The direct antioxidant actions of these amino acids arise from the nucleophilic properties of the ionized selenol (RSe−, which predominates over the neutral form at physiological pH values) and the ease of oxidation of Sec and SeMet. This results in higher rate constants for reaction with multiple oxidants, than for the corresponding thiols/thioethers. Furthermore, the resulting oxidation products are more readily and rapidly reversed by both enzyme and nonenzymatic reactions. The antioxidant effects of these seleno species can therefore be catalytic. Seleno amino acids may also chelate redox‐active metal ions. The presence of Sec in the catalytic site of selenium‐dependent antioxidant enzymes enhances the kinetic properties and broadens the catalytic activity of antioxidant enzymes against biological oxidants when compared with sulfur‐containing species. However, while normal physiological selenium levels afford protection, when compared with deficiency, excessive selenium may induce damage and adverse effects, with this being manifest, for example, as an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. Further studies examining the availability of redox‐active selenium species and their mechanisms and kinetics of action are therefore of critical importance in the potential development of seleno species as a therapeutic strategy. © 2012 IUBMB. IUBMB Life, 64(11): 863–871, 2012