bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korean Artists in Transcultural Spaces: Constructing New National Identities
Authors: Park Jeong‐Ae 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article reports research on New York‐based Korean artists' dynamic processes of identity‐shaping and the implications that these processes have for art education. The study uses postcolonial theories that illuminate the dialectical process of hybrid cultural production in the global dimension. The artists' identities narrated elucidate the recognition of difference with others; this identification emerges as the artists simultaneously escape from and discover their Korean identities. The artists' childhood experiences and memories work as reflective thinking in their different context, and because of their search for an individual identity, Korean culture is an important factor in their art making. When their identity formation and practice are in constant negotiation with difference, this results in learning and translating from others. They assume an ‘open universalism’ necessary to communicate at an international level, and as a consequence these artists' identity formation always involves the process of a doubling and dividing of reflections of existing Korean identities as well as the building of new ones. In this dualistic state, the artists' multiple identities remain heterogeneous, composed of contradictory factors that are revealed in the artists' hybrid artworks.
Larval mortality and development for rotation‐resistant and rotation‐susceptible populations of western corn rootworm on Bt corn
Authors: Tinsley N. A. , Spencer J. L. , Estes R. E. , Prasifka J. R. , Schrader P. M. , French B. W. , Gray M. E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is one of the most economically important insect pests threatening the production of corn, Zea mays (L.), in the United States. Throughout its history, this insect has displayed considerable adaptability by overcoming a variety of pest management tactics, including the cultural practice of annual crop rotation. Since first reported in Illinois in the late 1980s, populations of the rotation‐resistant western corn rootworm have spread over a wide area of the eastern Corn Belt. Currently, little information is available concerning the interaction of rotation resistance with the use of genetically modified corn expressing insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt), a popular tactic for preventing larval injury and its associated yield loss. The goal of this greenhouse experiment was to determine whether rotation‐resistant and rotation‐susceptible western corn rootworm larvae differ with respect to survival or development when exposed to single‐ or dual‐toxin (pyramided) Bt corn. Individual corn plants were infested with 225 near‐hatch eggs at the V5 (five leaf collar) growth stage. Larvae developed undisturbed on the root systems for 17 days, after which they were recovered using Berlese–Tullgren funnels. Surviving larvae were counted to estimate mortality, and head capsule widths were measured to assess development. Rotation‐resistant and rotation‐susceptible larvae had statistically similar mean levels of mortality and head capsule widths when exposed to both single‐toxin (Cry3Bb1 or Cry34/35Ab1) and pyramided (Cry3Bb1+ Cry34/35Ab1) Bt corn, suggesting that these two populations do not differ with respect to survival or development when exposed to Bt corn. Additionally, the statistically similar mean levels of mortality for larvae exposed to single‐toxin and pyramided Bt corn suggest that pyramided Bt hybrids containing the Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 toxins do not result in additive mortality for western corn rootworm larvae. Implications for management of this economically important pest are discussed.
The Effect of Enzyme‐Assisted Maceration on Bioactivity, Quality and Yield of Essential Oil from Waste Carrot (Daucus carota) Seeds
Authors: Śmigielski Krzysztof B. , Majewska Małgorzata , Kunicka‐Styczyńska Alina , Szczęsna‐Antczak Mirosława , Gruska Radosław , Stańczyk Łukasz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of an enzyme preparation derived from the nonpathogenic filamentous fungus Mucor circinelloides on the bioactivity, quality and yield of essential oil from waste carrot seeds (Daucus carota) was investigated. The Taguchi method was applied to determine the levels of input factors ensuring the greatest efficiency of hydrodistillation (pH 4.9–5.0; 4.0 g enzyme preparation/100 g of seeds; time – 6.0 h). Under these conditions, the oil yield increased by approximately 30%. The main constituent compounds of the oil are: carotol (34.6%), sabinene (8.0%), alpha‐pinene (6.4%) and daucol (4.3%). Essential oil obtained from enzyme‐pretreated carrot seeds has the same antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida sp., Aspergillus niger and Penicillium expansum as that from the control sample.Practical ApplicationsThe proposed innovative method of preparation of plant material prior to hydrodistillation leads to an increase in essential oil extraction efficiency by about 30%, and thus enables better exploitation of the potential of the plant. The proposed method may be implemented on an industrial scale, thanks to tools of computational statistics that allow one to determine the optimum technological parameters of the process. Developed in this way, the technology is environmentally friendly and provides significant economic benefits.
Self‐perceived oral health and periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Javed Fawad , Ahmed Hameeda Bashir , Mehmood Abid , Mikami Toshinari , Malmstrom Hans , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimIt is hypothesized that self‐perceived oral health and periodontal status are worse in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to CP patients without RA. The aim of the present study was to assess self‐perceived oral health and periodontal parameters in CP patients with and without RA.MethodsFifty CP patients with RA and 50 CP patients without RA were included. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics and self‐perceived oral symptoms were collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, number of missing teeth, and marginal bone loss) were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in socioeconomic status, education status, self‐perceived oral symptoms, and periodontal parameters among CP patients with and without RA.ConclusionsSelf‐perceived oral health and periodontal parameters are mainly governed by the intensity of CP, and the role of RA in this context seems to be rather secondary.
Stimulatory role of the chemokine CCL2 in the migration and peptide expression of embryonic hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Poon Kinning , Ho Hui T. , Barson Jessica R. , Leibowitz Sarah F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a feedback mechanism against infection, with recent studies suggesting a neuromodulatory role. The chemokine, (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and its receptor, (C‐C motif) receptor type 2 (CCR2), affect neuromodulation and migration in response to damage. Although CCL2 co‐localizes with neuropeptides in the hypothalamus that control voluntary behavior, the function of CCL2/CCR2 is unknown. This led us to consider the possibility that CCL2 acting through CCR2, under natural conditions, may affect the migration and peptide levels of hypothalamic neurons that control voluntary behavior. This study used primary embryonic hypothalamic neurons to examine the effect of CCL2 on migratory behavior and on levels of the peptides, enkephalin (ENK) and galanin. Treatment with CCL2 led to a significant, dose‐dependent increase in the number of migrated neurons and an increase in the velocity and distance traveled. CCL2 also significantly increased the number of ENK‐expressing and CCR2/ENK co‐expressing neurons and the percentage of neurons that contain higher levels of ENK. Lastly, CCL2 produced a dose‐dependent increase in expression of ENK and galanin. These results provide evidence for a stimulatory effect of CCL2 on embryonic hypothalamic neurons involving changes in migratory behavior, expression, and synthesis of neuropeptides that function in controlling behavior.
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Our results demonstrate that the chemokine, CCL2, functions through its receptor, CCR2, to stimulate the migration and expression of the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL), in developing embryonic hypothalamic neurons that are important for controlling ingestive behavior. This evidence reveals broad effects of CCL2 in the developing hypothalamus, showing this chemokine system to be tightly linked to the hypothalamic peptide neurons.
Limb bone morphology, bone strength, and cursoriality in lagomorphs
Authors: Young Jesse W. , Danczak Robert , Russo Gabrielle A. , Fellmann Connie D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe primary aim of this study is to broadly evaluate the relationship between cursoriality (i.e. anatomical and physiological specialization for running) and limb bone morphology in lagomorphs. Relative to most previous studies of cursoriality, our focus on a size‐restricted, taxonomically narrow group of mammals permits us to evaluate the degree to which ‘cursorial specialization’ affects locomotor anatomy independently of broader allometric and phylogenetic trends that might obscure such a relationship. We collected linear morphometrics and μCTdata on 737 limb bones covering three lagomorph species that differ in degree of cursoriality: pikas (Ochotona princeps, non‐cursorial), jackrabbits (Lepus californicus, highly cursorial), and rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani, level of cursoriality intermediate between pikas and jackrabbits). We evaluated two hypotheses: cursoriality should be associated with (i) lower limb joint mechanical advantage (i.e. high ‘displacement advantage’, permitting more cursorial species to cycle their limbs more quickly) and (ii) longer, more gracile limb bones, particularly at the distal segments (as a means of decreasing rotational inertia). As predicted, highly cursorial jackrabbits are typically marked by the lowest mechanical advantage and the longest distal segments, non‐cursorial pikas display the highest mechanical advantage and the shortest distal segments, and rabbits generally display intermediate values for these variables. Variation in long bone robusticity followed a proximodistal gradient. Whereas proximal limb bone robusticity declined with cursoriality, distal limb bone robusticity generally remained constant across the three species. The association between long, structurally gracile limb bones and decreased maximal bending strength suggests that the more cursorial lagomorphs compromise proximal limb bone integrity to improve locomotor economy. In contrast, the integrity of distal limb bones is maintained with increasing cursoriality, suggesting that the safety factor takes priority over locomotor economy in those regions of the postcranial skeleton that experience higher loading during locomotion. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that cursoriality is associated with a common suite of morphological adaptations across a range of body sizes and radiations.
CHINA'S SERVICE TRADE
Authors: Chen Hejing , Whalley John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper assesses the performance of China's service trade over recent decades by summarizing and presenting data on its size, growth rate, sectoral composition, comparative advantage, and degree of openness. The evidence based on comparative analysis suggests that despite China's high growth rate, the development of China's service trade lags behind its merchandise trade. With a policy environment adjusted in China's 12th 5‐Year Plan, a growing significance of China's service trade to both China and the global economy is likely under the prospective development strategy. China's service trade has already had large impacts on China's economic growth, employment, and technology diffusion. We suggest that even more major impacts will follow in the years to come and that there are implications for global trade, FDI, and labor migration.
Immunohistochemical study on localization of serotonin immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the European catfish (Silurus glanis, L.)
Authors: Köprücü S. , Yaman M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn this study, it was aimed to identify the distribution of serotonin immunoreactive cells within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of European catfish (Silurus glanis). For this purpose, the tissue samples were taken from the stomach (cardia, fundus and pylorus region) and intestine (anterior, middle and posterior region). They were examined by applying the avidin‐biotin‐immunoperoxidase method. The serotonin containing immunoreactive cells are presented in all regions of the GIT. It was determined to be localized generally in different distribution within the stomachs and intestines of S. glanis. It was found that the most intensive regions of immunoreactive cells were the cardia stomach and posterior of intestine.
Effects of age and zinc supplementation on transport properties in the jejunum of piglets
Authors: Gefeller E. M. , Martens H. , Aschenbach J. R. , Klingspor S. , Twardziok S. , Wrede P. , Pieper R. , Lodemann U. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryZinc is effective in the prevention and treatment of post‐weaning diarrhoea and in promoting piglet growth. Its effects on the absorption of nutrients and the secretory capacity of the intestinal epithelium are controversial. We investigated the effects of age, dietary pharmacological zinc supplementation and acute zinc exposure in vitro on small‐intestinal transport properties of weaned piglets. We further examined whether the effect of zinc on secretory responses depended on the pathway by which chloride secretion is activated. A total of 96 piglets were weaned at 26 days of age and allocated to diets containing three different levels of zinc oxide (50, 150 and 2500 ppm). At the age of 32, 39, 46 and 53 days, piglets were killed, and isolated epithelia from the mid‐jejunum were used for intestinal transport studies in conventional Ussing chambers, with 23 μm ZnSO4 being added to the serosal side for testing acute effects. Absorptive transport was stimulated by mucosal addition of d‐glucose or l‐glutamine. Secretion was activated by serosal addition of prostaglandin E2, carbachol or by mucosal application of Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin (Stp). Jejunal transport properties showed significant age‐dependent alterations (p < 0.03). Both absorptive and secretory responses were highest in the youngest piglets (32 d). The dietary zinc supplementation had no significant influence on jejunal absorptive and secretory responses. However, the pre‐treatment of epithelia with ZnSO4 in vitro led to a small but significant decrease in both absorptive and secretory capacities (p < 0.05), with an exception for carbachol (p = 0.07). The results showed that, in piglets, chronic supplementation with zinc did not sustainably influence the jejunal transport properties in the post‐weaning phase. Because transport properties are influenced by the addition of zinc in vitro, we suggest that possible epithelial effects of zinc depend on the acute presence of this ion.
Gingival bleeding on probing: relationship to change in periodontal pocket depth and effect of sodium hypochlorite oral rinse
Authors: Gonzalez S. , Cohen C. L. , Galván M. , Alonaizan F. A. , Rich S. K. , Slots J. 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectiveThis study evaluated the potential of gingival bleeding on probing to serve as a predictor of future periodontal breakdown. It also assessed the ability of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice‐a‐week oral rinse to convert periodontal pockets showing bleeding on probing to nonbleeding sites.Material and MethodsThe study was performed as a randomized, single‐blinded, clinical trial in parallel groups. Seven periodontitis patients rinsed twice‐weekly for 3 mo with 15 mL of a fresh solution of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, and five periodontitis patients rinsed with water. The 12 study patients received no subgingival or supragingival scaling. Clorox® Regular‐Bleach was the source of sodium hypochlorite. At baseline and 3‐mo visits, gingival bleeding was assessed within 30 s after probing to full pocket depth using an approximate force of 0.75 N.ResultsA total of 470 (38%) of 1230 periodontal pockets in the bleach‐rinse group revealed bleeding on probing at the initial visit but not at the 3‐mo visit; only 71 (9%) of 828 pockets in the control group became bleeding‐negative during the study (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing in 4‐ to 7‐mm‐deep pockets decreased by 53% in the bleach‐rinse group but increased by 6% in the water‐rinse group (p < 0.001). Ninety‐seven pockets showed depth increases of ≥ 2 mm after 3 mo: 60 (62%) of those pockets exhibited bleeding on probing at both the initial and the 3‐mo visits; 24 (25%) bled at only one of the two visits; and 13 (13%) never demonstrated gingival bleeding (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPersistent gingival bleeding on probing was associated with an increased risk for periodontal breakdown, and the absence of gingival bleeding seemed to be a useful, although not perfect, indicator of disease stability. Twice‐weekly oral rinsing with dilute bleach (0.25% sodium hypochlorite) produced a significant reduction in bleeding on probing, even in deep unscaled pockets. Sodium hypochlorite constitutes a valuable antiseptic in periodontal self‐care.
Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on 5‐year survival in patients with ischaemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parra Olga , Sánchez‐Armengol Ángeles , Capote Francisco , Bonnin Marc , Arboix Adrià , Campos‐Rodríguez Francisco , Pérez‐Ronchel José , Durán‐Cantolla Joaquín , Martínez‐Null Cristina , de la Peña Mónica , Jiménez Maria Carmen , Masa Fernando , Casadon Ignacio , Alonso Maria Luz , Macarrón José L. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe main purpose of the present analysis is to assess the influence of introducing early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment on cardiovascular recurrences and mortality in patients with a first‐ever ischaemic stroke and moderate–severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥20 events h−1 during a 5‐year follow‐up. Patients received conventional treatment for stroke and were assigned randomly to the nCPAP group (n = 71) or the control group (n = 69). Cardiovascular events and mortality were registered for all patients. Survival and cardiovascular event‐free survival analysis were performed after 5‐year follow‐up using the Kaplan–Meier test. Patients in the nCPAP group had significantly higher cardiovascular survival than the control group (100 versus 89.9%, log‐rank test 5.887; P = 0.015) However, and also despite a positive tendency, there were no significant differences in the cardiovascular event‐free survival at 68 months between the nCPAP and control groups (89.5 versus 75.4%, log‐rank test 3.565; P = 0.059). Early nCPAP therapy has a positive effect on long‐term survival in ischaemic stroke patients and moderate–severe OSA.
Applying the Intervention Mapping protocol to develop a kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention to increase European preschool children's physical activity levels: the ToyBox‐study
Authors: De Craemer M. , De Decker E. , De Bourdeaudhuij I. , Verloigne M. , Duvinage K. , Koletzko B. , Ibrügger S. , Kreichauf S. , Grammatikaki E. , Moreno L. , Iotova V. , Socha P. , Szott K. , Manios Y. , Cardon G. ,   ToyBox‐study group
Published: July 2014

SummaryAlthough sufficient physical activity is beneficial for preschoolers' health, activity levels in most preschoolers are low. As preschoolers spend a considerable amount of time at home and at kindergarten, interventions should target both environments to increase their activity levels. The aim of the current paper was to describe the six different steps of the Intervention Mapping protocol towards the systematic development and implementation of the physical activity component of the ToyBox‐intervention. This intervention is a kindergarten‐based, family‐involved intervention implemented across six European countries. Based on the results of literature reviews and focus groups with parents/caregivers and kindergarten teachers, matrices of change objectives were created. Then, theory‐based methods and practical strategies were selected to develop intervention materials at three different levels: (i) individual level (preschoolers); (ii) interpersonal level (parents/caregivers) and (iii) organizational level (teachers). This resulted in a standardized intervention with room for local and cultural adaptations in each participating country. Although the Intervention Mapping protocol is a time‐consuming process, using this systematic approach may lead to an increase in intervention effectiveness. The presented matrices of change objectives are useful for future programme planners to develop and implement an intervention based on the Intervention Mapping protocol to increase physical activity levels in preschoolers.
Blood transfusion in patients treated with surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Ahmed Zulfiqar , Danielson Logan , Albeiruti Rashad , Thomas Ronald , Klein Michael 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common surgical emergency in premature infants and has high morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative treatment with fluid and transfusions may be difficult.ObjectivesWe evaluated risk factors for patients who needed transfusion with packed red blood cells during surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis with bowel resection.MethodsRetrospective medical and anesthetic record review of 206 patients who had necrotizing enterocolitis during 10 years at a pediatric referral center.ResultsIn the 206 patients who had necrotizing enterocolitis, 88 patients (43%) had exploratory laparotomy, 67 with bowel resection. Of these, 50 needed transfusion of packed red blood cells in comparison with 17 who did not. Upon univariate analyses, patients who received packed red blood cells during surgery had significantly longer mean duration of surgery, lower preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit, higher postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit, more platelet transfusions, and greater estimated blood loss than patients who did not receive packed red blood cells during surgery. A binary logistic regression procedure revealed that the need for preoperative hemoglobin was found to be a significant risk factor for transfusion of packed red blood cells (odds ratio = 0.55; 95%CI = 0.36–0.84; P = 0.001).ConclusionPatients having necrotizing enterocolitis with bowel resection are more likely to need preoperative transfusion with packed red blood cells, which may be more necessary when surgery is longer, preoperative hematocrit is lower, and estimated blood loss is higher.