bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of nifedipine in dog plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Pan Xigui , Zhou Shunchang , Fu Qinqin , Hu Xianming , Wu Jianhong 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTNifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used widely in the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. In this work, a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine nifedipine in dog plasma using nimodipine as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C8 column. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (60:40:0.2, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring mode via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The method has a lower limit of quantification of 0.20 ng/mL with consumption of plasma as low as 0.05 mL. The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.20–50.0 ng/mL (r = 0.9948). The recoveries of the liquid extraction method were 74.5–84.1%. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 4.1–8.8 and 6.7–7.4%, respectively. The quantification was not interfered with by other plasma components and the method was applied to determine nifedipine in plasma after a single oral administration of two controlled‐release nifedipine tablets to beagle dogs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automation‐assisted cervical cancer screening in manual liquid‐based cytology with hematoxylin and eosin staining
Authors: Zhang Ling , Kong Hui , Ting Chin Chien , Liu Shaoxiong , Fan Xinmin , Wang Tianfu , Chen Siping 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCurrent automation‐assisted technologies for screening cervical cancer mainly rely on automated liquid‐based cytology slides with proprietary stain. This is not a cost‐efficient approach to be utilized in developing countries. In this article, we propose the first automation‐assisted system to screen cervical cancer in manual liquid‐based cytology (MLBC) slides with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, which is inexpensive and more applicable in developing countries. This system consists of three main modules: image acquisition, cell segmentation, and cell classification. First, an autofocusing scheme is proposed to find the global maximum of the focus curve by iteratively comparing image qualities of specific locations. On the autofocused images, the multiway graph cut (GC) is performed globally on the a* channel enhanced image to obtain cytoplasm segmentation. The nuclei, especially abnormal nuclei, are robustly segmented by using GC adaptively and locally. Two concave‐based approaches are integrated to split the touching nuclei. To classify the segmented cells, features are selected and preprocessed to improve the sensitivity, and contextual and cytoplasm information are introduced to improve the specificity. Experiments on 26 consecutive image stacks demonstrated that the dynamic autofocusing accuracy was 2.06 μm. On 21 cervical cell images with nonideal imaging condition and pathology, our segmentation method achieved a 93% accuracy for cytoplasm, and a 87.3% F‐measure for nuclei, both outperformed state of the art works in terms of accuracy. Additional clinical trials showed that both the sensitivity (88.1%) and the specificity (100%) of our system are satisfyingly high. These results proved the feasibility of automation‐assisted cervical cancer screening in MLBC slides with H&E stain, which is highly desirable in community health centers and small hospitals. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Fine‐needle aspiration in pediatric patients 12 years of age and younger
Authors: Cole Cristina D. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: December 2013

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a well‐established diagnostic tool in adult patients, and while in recent years it has gained popularity in the pediatric population, it is still far less universally accepted in children than in adults.A computerized search of our tertiary medical center's laboratory information system was performed for the 20‐year period from 1992 to 2012. All FNAs in children 12 years of age and younger and all related surgical pathology reports were identified. Cytologic and histologic diagnoses were stratified into six diagnostic categories—benign, atypical, suspicious, malignant, cyst contents, and nondiagnostic—and then compared to determine the utility of FNA in this patient population.Four hundred and three FNAs in 389 patients were included in this study, of which there were 288 benign (71.5%), 8 atypical (2.0%), 10 suspicious (2.5%), 42 malignant (10.4%), 12 cyst contents (3.0%), and 43 nondiagnostic (10.6%) cases. The most common benign diagnoses were reactive lymph node and inflammatory infiltrate/abscess, while the most common malignant diagnoses were leukemia/lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. Of the 127 FNAs (31.5%) with histologic follow‐up, we identified just one false positive and one false negative case.Like FNA in adults, this study shows that the technique is both sensitive (97.2%) and specific (98.5%), and has high positive predictive (97.2%) and negative predictive (98.5%) values for diagnosing malignancy in childhood. As FNA is a simpler, less invasive, and more cost‐effective procedure when compared with surgical biopsy, it represents a valuable diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:600–605. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related face processing bias in infancy: Evidence of perceptual narrowing for adult faces
Authors: Macchi Cassia Viola , Bulf Hermann , Quadrelli Ermanno , Proietti Valentina 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTRecent data demonstrate a perceptual processing advantage for adult faces in both adults and young children, suggesting that face representation is shaped by visual experience accumulated with different face‐age groups. As for species and race, this age bias may emerge during the first year of life as part of the general process of perceptual narrowing, given the extensive amount of social and perceptual experience accumulated with caregivers and/or other adult individuals. Using infant‐controlled habituation and visual‐paired comparison at test, two experiments were carried out to examine 3‐ and 9‐month‐olds' ability to discriminate within adult and infant faces. Results showed that, when they are provided with adequate time to visually compare the stimuli during test trials (Experiment 2), 3‐month‐olds exhibit above‐chance discrimination of adult and infant faces. Instead, 9‐month‐olds discriminate adult faces but not infant faces (Experiments 1 and 2). Results provide the first evidence of age‐related face processing biases in infancy, and show that by 9 months face representations tune to adult human faces. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 238–248, 2014.
Production and characterization of multinuclear microcapsules encapsulating lavender oil by complex coacervation
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Liu Wanlong , Zhu Guangyong , Zhou Rujun , Niu Yunwei 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to encapsulate lavender oil by complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as encapsulants. The effects of various factors including pH value, the core/wall ratio, wall material concentration, stirring speed, cross‐linkers and homogenization rate on the appearance, mean particle size, yield, loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were investigated. The optimal conditions (pH 3.5, core/wall 3:2, wall material concentration 1%, stirring speed 450 rpm, homogenization rate 19 000 rpm and glutaraldehyde as cross‐linker) for preparing spherical multinuclear microcapsules were obtained. At the optimal conditions, the highest yield is 65.8 ± 1.0%; the maximum LC is 61.3 ± 0.7%; the highest EE is 66.0 ± 0.3%. The effect of three different cross‐linkers on the hardening effectiveness of multinuclear microcapsules containing lavender oil was investigated. Glutaraldehyde and transglutaminase exhibit similar microcapsule hardening effectiveness. When tannic acid was used instead of glutaraldehyde and transglutaminase, the mean particle size and EE remained the same as that when hardening with glutaraldehyde or transglutaminase, but the morphology obviously changes, while the yield and LC significantly decrease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal development of cortical thickness, folding, and fiber density networks in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Nie Jingxin , Li Gang , Wang Li , Shi Feng , Lin Weili , Gilmore John H. , Shen Dinggang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractQuantitatively characterizing the development of cortical anatomical networks during the early stage of life plays an important role in revealing the relationship between cortical structural connection and high‐level functional development. The development of correlation networks of cortical‐thickness, cortical folding, and fiber‐density is systematically analyzed in this article to study the relationship between different anatomical properties during the first 2 years of life. Specifically, longitudinal MR images of 73 healthy subjects from birth to 2 year old are used. For each subject at each time point, its measures of cortical thickness, cortical folding, and fiber density are projected to its cortical surface that has been partitioned into 78 cortical regions. Then, the correlation matrices for cortical thickness, cortical folding, and fiber density at each time point can be constructed, respectively, by computing the inter‐regional Pearson correlation coefficient (of any pair of ROIs) across all 73 subjects. Finally, the presence/absence pattern (i.e., binary pattern) of the connection network is constructed from each inter‐regional correlation matrix, and its statistical and anatomical properties are adopted to analyze the longitudinal development of anatomical networks. The results show that the development of anatomical network could be characterized differently by using different anatomical properties (i.e., using cortical thickness, cortical folding, or fiber density). Hum Brain Mapp 35:3726–3737, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast pediatric 3D free‐breathing abdominal dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cheng Joseph Y. , Potnick Aaron G. , Barth Richard A. , Alley Marcus T. , Uecker Martin , Lustig Michael , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo develop a method for fast pediatric 3D free‐breathing abdominal dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate its clinical feasibility.Materials and MethodsA combined locally low rank parallel imaging method with soft gating is proposed for free‐breathing DCE MRI acquisition. With Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and informed consent/assent, 23 consecutive pediatric patients were recruited for this study. Free‐breathing DCE MRI with ∼1 mm3 spatial resolution and a 6.5‐sec frame rate was acquired on a 3T scanner. Undersampled data were reconstructed with a compressed sensing method without motion correction (FB‐CS) and the proposed method (FB‐LR). A follow‐up respiratory‐triggered acquisition (RT‐CS) was performed as a reference standard. The reconstructed images were evaluated independently by two radiologists. Wilcoxon tests were performed to test the hypothesis that there was no significant difference between different reconstructions. Quantitative evaluation of contrast dynamics was also performed.ResultsThe mean score of overall image quality of FB‐LR was 4.0 on a 5‐point scale, significantly better (P < 0.05) than FB‐CS reconstruction (mean score 2.9), and similar to RT‐CS (mean score 4.1). FB‐LR also matched the temporal fidelity of contrast dynamics with a root mean square error less than 5%.ConclusionFast 3D free‐breathing DCE MRI with high scan efficiency and image quality similar to respiratory‐triggered acquisition is feasible in a pediatric clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:460–473.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Critical point defect detection for small‐pixel thin‐film transistor array applied to medical display
Authors: Wang Yao‐Chin , Lin Bor‐Shyh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThin‐film transistor (TFT) array testing technique has been used, which provides defect detection capability to control the yield of the TFT process. In the past, several defect inspection technologies have been developed and applied for the TFT array testing. When the TFT array pixel size is getting smaller and the resolution is higher, they also encounter the performance limitation on detecting the critical defect in this small‐pixel TFT array and facing a limited testing requirement. For medical display applications, the display pixels on an array panel are getting smaller and smaller; therefore, defect detection is getting more important and critical for managing yield with quality. In this study, a novel approach for defect detection was proposed. Here, the proposed voltage imaging technique is used for the TFT array test, and it provides better small‐pixel TFT array defect detection capability. The experimental results show that by using the voltage imaging technique, detecting critical point defect of TFT array can be effectively improved. And the detected small‐pixel size of TFT array panels can be smaller than 55 µm of an advanced medical display.
Assessment of multimodality therapy use for extremity sarcoma in the United States
Authors: Sherman Karen L. , Wayne Jeffrey D. , Chung Jeanette , Agulnik Mark , Attar Samer , Hayes John P. , Laskin William B. , Peabody Terrance D. , Bentrem David J. , Pollock Raphael E. , Bilimoria Karl Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundExtremity sarcoma national guidelines offer several stage‐specific treatment options; therefore, treatment approaches are not standardized. Our objectives were to examine multimodality treatment trends, practice patterns, and factors associated with neoadjuvant or postoperative adjuvant therapy utilization.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Data Base (2000–2009), treatment of non‐metastatic extremity sarcoma was examined. Regression models were developed to identify factors associated with neoadjuvant or postoperative adjuvant therapy receipt and treatment sequence.ResultsTwenty‐two thousand fifty‐one patients underwent resection (stage I: 45.2%, stage II: 27.7%, stage III: 27.1%). Over 10 years, neoadjuvant radiation (6.4–11.6%, P < 0.001) and chemotherapy utilization (1.4–1.8%, P = 0.037) increased, while postoperative radiation (34.3–29.2%, P = 0.023) and trimodality therapy decreased (10.5–9.6%, P = 0.002). After adjusting for age, comorbidities, and histology, patients with large high‐grade tumors treated at high‐volume academic centers were more likely to receive neoadjuvant therapy (all P < 0.001). Postoperative chemotherapy utilization was associated with younger age, synovial histology, high grade, and surgical margins (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsUtilization of neoadjuvant therapy for extremity sarcoma has increased over time. Practice patterns are not only related to tumor size, grade, histology, and margins but also hospital type. Opportunities remain to better define the most effective multimodality treatment for extremity sarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:395–404. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymer–Clay Nanocomposite Microspheres and their Thermosensitive Characteristics
Authors: Haraguchi Kazutoshi , Takada Tetsuo 
Published: December 2013

Polymer–clay nanocomposite (P‐NC) microspheres are synthesized through in situ free‐radical polymerization in aqueous media without the use of surfactants. Uniform aqueous dispersions of P‐NC microspheres without flocculation/precipitation are obtained for five types of (co)polymers with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic natures, in which the exfoliated clay platelets play an important role as crosslinkers and stabilizers in water. The sol–gel boundary, transparency of the aqueous dispersion, microsphere particle size, etc. vary depending on the compositions and polymerization methods. Aqueous dispersions of P‐NC microspheres with a well‐defined lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type thermosensitive transition are obtained by using N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), 2‐methoxyethylacrylate (MEA), and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as the (co)monomers. In the case of P‐NC microspheres consisting of inorganic clay and NIPA‐DMAA or MEA‐DMAA copolymers, the LCST is controlled over a wide range, particularly depending on the DMAA content. The P‐NC microspheres applied within double‐layer glass plates are examined as reversible and efficient thermosensitive optical shutters.
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Onset latency of segmental dystonia after deep brain stimulation cessation: A randomized, double‐blind crossover trial
Authors: Levin Johannes , Singh Arun , Feddersen Berend , Mehrkens Jan‐Hinnerk , Bötzel Kai 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus is an effective treatment for cervical dystonia (CD). Interestingly, the onset of initial DBS effects is significantly prolonged compared with that in other diseases, such as Parkinson's disease. The return of symptoms after cessation of DBS could be delayed as well, but this has not been studied systematically.MethodsIn patients who were treated for CD using DBS and had a good treatment effect, we compared interruption of DBS with sham‐OFF in a randomized, double‐blind crossover trial.ResultsWe observed that dystonic features appeared within a few minutes at almost full intensity in all patients after the cessation of DBS.ConclusionsThe almost immediate onset of dystonic features in our sample seems to exclude mechanisms with long time constants from the pathophysiology of dystonia. Thus, it is likely that, in these patients, an aberrant pattern of neural activity representing an inappropriate set point value for the position of the head is responsible for dystonia. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Exercise increases utrophin protein expression in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Gordon Bradley S. , Lowe Dawn A. , Kostek Matthew C. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene resulting in chronic muscle damage, muscle wasting, and premature death. Utrophin is a dystrophin protein homologue that increases dystrophic muscle function and reduces pathology. Currently, no treatments that increase utrophin protein expression exist. However, exercise increases utrophin mRNA expression in healthy humans. Therefore, the purpose was to determine whether exercise increases utrophin protein expression in dystrophic muscle. Methods: Utrophin protein was measured in the quadriceps and soleus muscles of mdx mice after 12 weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise or sedentary controls. Muscle pathology was measured in the quadriceps. Results: Exercise increased utrophin protein expression 334 ± 63% in the quadriceps relative to sedentary controls. Exercise increased central nuclei 4 ± 1% but not other measures of pathology. Conclusions: Exercise may be an intervention that increases utrophin expression in patients with DMD. Muscle Nerve 49: 915–918, 2014
Simulating the effects of induced anisotropy on liquefaction potential using a new constitutive model
Authors: Than Trong Tran H. , Wong H. , Dubujet Ph. , Doanh T. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThe effects of induced anisotropy on the undrained behaviour of very loose and saturated sands have been a subject of intensive investigation, both experimentally and theoretically, by several authors in the past few years. This paper proposes an original constitutive model well‐adapted to simulate the behaviour of sands subject to complex stress histories, in particular, the preloading cycle along the classical drained stress path in compression. The developed model belongs to the family of critical state models. Its construction is based on a few theoretical concepts taken from the theory of ‘Bounding Surface Plasticity’ developed among others by Y. Dafalias and Popov (1975), the ‘Clay And Sand Model’ (CASM) of H. Yu (2006), the CJS model (B. Cambou and K. Jafari (1988)) and the hyperelastic isotropic model of P. Lade (1987). To accurately simulate volume changes, which represent a key element in soil behaviour, a state‐dependent dilatancy rule is proposed, which can account for the influences of stress and void ratio. The current void ratio depends implicitly on the irreversible strains already accumulated hence the strain history. A kinematic hardening is combined with an isotropic hardening, involving rotation and distortion of the bounding surface, in order to capture correctly the experimental observations. Comparisons of experimental results to numerical simulations show that the model is able to simulate with a good precision the major trends of undrained responses of loose and presheared sands. It predicts correctly rapid static liquefaction at small or null drained preloading, as well as the progressive transition to a completely stable behaviour typical of dense sands, while the sample is loose in reality. At intermediate to large amplitudes of preloadings, the model also predicts correctly the temporary stage of instability when the deviatoric stress decreases slightly before rising up again. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropic damage of rock joints during cyclic loading: constitutive framework and numerical integration
Authors: White Joshua A. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThis work describes a constitutive framework for modeling the behavior of rough joints under cyclic loading. Particular attention is paid to the intrinsic links between dilatancy, surface degradation, and mobilized shear strength. The framework also accounts for the important effect of shear‐induced anisotropy. The resulting approach is fully three‐dimensional and is not restricted to plane‐displacement kinematics. Both the governing formulation and an algorithm for implicit numerical integration are presented. While the proposed methods are general, we also postulate a specific model that is compared with experimental data. It employs relatively few free parameters but shows good agreement with laboratory tests. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Nonprofits Treat Their Employees Differently? Incentive Pay and Health Benefits
Authors: Chen Xinxiang , Ren Ting , Knoke David 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe examine how nonprofit, public, and for‐profit establishments vary in the provision of health benefits and insurance and performance‐based incentives using the 2002 National Organization Survey of establishments in the United States. We found that in comparison to for‐profit firms, both nonprofit and public organizations are less likely to use performance‐based incentives, although they provide their employees with better health benefits and insurance. Sectoral differences in the provision of health benefits and insurance and use of performance‐based incentives persist after controlling for correlates of sector that predict these outcomes, including establishment size, independence of establishment, market competition, establishment age, and unionization. We also found trade‐offs between the provision of health benefits and insurance and use of performance‐based incentives. Our results are generally consistent with the prediction from agency theory and also consistent with a view that public and nonprofit organizations are more concerned with the well‐being of their employees.