bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El silvopastoreo: una alternativa de producción que disminuye el impacto ambiental de la ganadería bovina
Authors: Mahecha Liliana 
Published: August 2024

Resumen El Silvopastoreo es un sistema de producción pecuaria en donde las leñosas perennes (árboles y/o arbustos) interactúan con los componentes tradicionales (forrajeras herbáceas y animales) bajo un sistema de manejo integral, ha sido planteado con base en resultados investigativos, como una alternativa de producción sostenible que permite reducir el impacto ambiental de los sistemas tradicionales de producción. Palabras clave: árboles, arbustos, ganadería bovina, impacto ambiental, sistemas silvopastoriles. Summary The Cattle production in Colombia must face the change of being efficient and competitive for the new economic scheme of the market. This efficient has to be considered in a non tradicional way, for example with silvopastoral systems, where shrubs and trees are together with the traditional components which are grass and animals. Those systems have been considered as an alternative to the sostenible production of the livestock in the tropic because They reduce the environmental impact compared with the traditional systems. Key words: environmental impact, livestock, shrubs, silvopastoral systems, trees.
Efecto de la utilización de un suplemento nutricional hidratado en pollos de engorde recién nacidos
Authors: Cuervo Marcela , Gómez Claudia , Romero Hugo 
Published: August 2024

Resumen El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar el efecto de un suplemento nutricional hidratado (SNH) sobre el desarrollo de los órganos de oferta y demanda en pollos de engorde sometidos a diferentes tiempos (20, 24 y 48 horas) de privación del acceso al alimento comercial, inmediatamente después del nacimiento. El grupo control no recibió el SNH y tuvo acceso al alimento 20 horas después de nacido. Las constantes de crecimiento alométrico (CA) de los órganos de oferta mostraron que estos crecieron rápidamente durante los primeros ocho días de vida, siendo fundamentales para soportar el crecimiento posterior. El grupo control evidenció un retardo en desarrollo del sistema digestivo, como lo indica la menor constante de CA y la menor densidad (mg/cm) al día 21 de edad (P < 0.05), limitando la capacidad para utilizar nutrientes dietarios y resultando en una reducción del peso corporal al final del experimento. Los datos indican que la utilización de un SNH favorece la utilización de los nutrientes del saco vitelino acelerando su reabsorción. Palabras claves: constante alométrica, crecimiento, nutrición temprana, tracto gastrointestinal. Summary The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an hydrated nutritional supplement (HNS) on the development of supply and demand organs in broiler chickens under different times (20, 24 and 48 hours) of food deprivation after hatch. Control hatchlings do not receive HNS and was feeding after 20 hours of age. Allometric growth constants of supply organs showed fast development in the first week of age, being essential to support posterior growing. Control group showed low development of gastrointestinal tract, as indicated allometric constant and density (mg/cm) at 21 days of age (p < 0.05), limitating the capability to use dietary nutrients and resulting in lower body weight at final age. Data indicate that HNS improve use and absorption of yolk sac´s nutrients. Key words: allometric constant, early nutrition, gastrointestinal tract, growth.
O direito à água e as favelas
Authors: Tostes Eduardo Chow De Martino 
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa busca analisar o direito de acesso à água potável aos moradores de favelas do Rio de Janeiro em tempos de privatização do saneamento básico, à luz do cotejo necessário deste direito com o recorte das classes sociais e espaciais da cidade. Compreendido como um direito humano, pretende-se buscar explicações e compreensões criticáveis das diversas fontes de grave violação a este direito. Partindo da noção de direito como linguagem, busca-se compreender a forma como a construção do direito à água é compreendido diferentemente nos diferentes espaços da cidade. Através do método genealógico, com a utilização de ferramentas metodológicas baseadas em análise de casos concretos do Rio de Janeiro, além da pesquisa bibliográfica; ao final, o presente estudo buscará refletir sobre a revelação da lente hoje posta para os merecedores deste restrito direito de acesso à água antes e pós concessão do saneamento básico no Estado. Considerações de uma política pública não baseada em critérios excludentes, articulação entre os atores da justiça com a Universidade, à luz do empoderamento dos concernidos, tensionando adequadamente o poder público para caminhar em direção à dignidade de todas as pessoas, independentemente de onde moram, é um objetivo que se propõe a discutir nesta pesquisa.
Groupwork with disadvantaged communities in North West, Lokaleng village in South Africa- social responsibility
Authors: Smit Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

North West University has in its many community engagement endeavours and projects developed a “We deliver” project to give back to the community as part of its social responsibility initiative.
The department of social work used this platform to advance self-help, education, mutual aid, social relief and general development within the community. Generalist approach of Kirst-Ashman, (2002) was particularly used which incorporated multiple levels of intervention. Attempts at improving the life of the disadvantaged involves imparting of knowledge about the manifestation of social problems like poverty, unemployment and self-defeating behaviours like teenage pregnancy, teenage alcohol abuse and drug misuse. Social group work as one of the primary methods was used to reach the community through learners focusing on empowerment and skilling. The latter was provided by the relevant stakeholder Department of Social Development (DSD). The target group which served as a link to the community was high school learners in Lokaleng Village near Mafikeng, North West Province. The results were shared with the leaders of the community who served as gatekeepers and who will ensure sustainability.

Keywords: group work, community, disadvantaged, social responsibility, sustainability
Silver Nanoparticle Biosynthesis using Distimake vitifolius Extract for Enhancement of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Tahya Candra Yulius , Karnelasatri Karnelasatri , Irawati Wahyu , Munthe Sri Wahyu Ningsih 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. The biological method for silver nanoparticle synthesis emphasizes green synthesis, which is faster, environmentally safer, facile, energy-efficient, and cost-effective. It provides good alternatives to physical and chemical methods. In this research, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles using D. vitifolius ethanolic extract. The 38 natural compounds of flavonoid, phenolic or polyphenol compositions have been determined by LC-MS/MS-QTOF which is carried out using UNIFI software equipped with a mass spectrum library of active substances from natural ingredients from the Waters database. Silver nanoparticle (Dv-AgNP) was characterized by using TEM and SEM where the average diameter of nanoparticle was seen <100 nm and confirmed by PSA analysis that the Z-average is 62.73 ± 0.71 nm. EDS spectrum confirmed the silver element as a major element of the particles. PI value of Dv-AgNP is 0.557, while the zeta potential is -17.37 ± 1.53 mV. Dv-AgNP can inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa (amoxicillin resistant) with an inhibition zone of 15.83 ± 2.36 mm, and K. pneumoniae with an inhibition zone is 10.03 ± 0.55 mm. These are moderate inhibitory activities. The antioxidant result of the Dv-AgNP suspension solution shows that the IC50 is 0.58 mM. The IC50 of the crude extract is 752 ppm and is categorized as very weak antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Antibacterial; D. vitifolius; silver nanoparticle.
Synthesis and Characterization of A Fascinating Coordination Polymer Metal-Organic Framework Featuring Cobalt (II) and 4,4'-Bipyridine
Authors: Kurniawan Cepi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. This investigation delineates the fabrication, comprehensive characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of a one-dimensional Cobalt-based Metal-Organic Framework (Co-MOFs), constructed from 4,4’-Bipyridine ligands and Cobalt (II) ions. The study aimed to perfect the synthesis protocol, elucidate the structural and compositional attributes of the resultant MOF, and probe its electrochemical performance. Utilizing the reflux method, renowned for its efficacy and eco-compatibility, we synthesized the MOF and affirmed its formation through a suite of analytical techniques, including Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and electrical conductivity measurements. The synthesized Co-MOFs, chemically notated as [Co2(4,4'-bpy)2(SO4)(H2O)2]SO4·H2O, manifested as a one-dimensional coordination polymer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis unveiled its monoclinic crystallinity within the C2 space group. Electrochemical characterization uncovered a reversible redox system, evidenced by a robust peak current ratio (IPa/IPc = 7.5), indicative of efficient electron transfer processes. Furthermore, the Co-MOFs significantly augmented the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline aqueous solution, highlighting its potential as a superior catalyst in energy-related electrochemical applications. This work not only contributes to the field of MOF synthesis but also sets the stage for future explorations into their practical applications in sustainable energy systems.

Keywords: Electrochemical properties, metal-organic framework, oxigen evolution reaction catalyst, 4,4’-bipyridine.
Assessing the synergistic effects of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on rhizosphere properties and yield of maize
Authors: Susilowati Lolita Endang , Sukartono Sukartono , Akbar Muhammad Firman , Kusumo Bambang Hari , Suriadi Ahmad , Leksono Amin Setyo , Fahrudin Fahrudin 
Published: August 2024

A single and long-term use of inorganic fertilizers harms soil quality. Therefore, it is highly recommended that inorganic fertilizers be combined with other fertilizers. This study explores the synergistic effect of inorganic, organic, and biofertilizers on maize rhizosphere properties and production. Biochar (BC) and compost (OF) were applied as organic sources, a consortium of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) was applied as phosphate biofertilizers, while urea and NPK-PONSKA fertilizers (IF) were used as inorganic fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was designed as a completely randomized arrangement involving six treatments in triplicate, namely control (only IF), a combination of IF+BC, IF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB, IF+PSB+OF, and IF+BC+OF+PSB. The best changes in soil microbial and chemical properties, maize root dry weight, and production were observed in the IF+BC+OF+PSB combination, followed by IF+OF+PSB, IF+BC+PSB and (IF+BC; IF+PSB) and control treatment, respectively. A fertilizer combination involving the addition of BC (IF+BC, IF+BC+PSB, IF+BC+OF +PSB) significantly increased soil organic C content and soil pH compared to without biochar (IF+PSB and IF+OF+PSB). A higher root dry weight also results in higher maize production. Maize production Increased in the 4, 3, and 2 combinations compared to production in the control by 43.11%, 31.32-36.55%, and 18.57%-21.34%, respectively. In conclusion, the synergy of biochar, compost, and PSB, when integrated with fertilizer, can improve soil quality and the sustainability of maize production. This study will be useful in developing sustainable nutrient management programs to increase crop productivity with high efficiency in using inorganic fertilizers.
Lyophilized amniotic membrane patches are a safe and effective treatment for rhegmatogenous lesions in combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A prospective interventional study
Authors: Garcia Angel , Rojas Sergio , Ríos-Nequis Geovanni , Ramírez-Estudillo Abel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objetives: This study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a lyophilized amniotic membrane (LAM) as a patch for the treatment of retinal breaks and to describe the structural changes at the implantation site.
Design: prospective, interventional study.
Subjects: Patients with diabetic retinopathy and combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Methods: Patients were organized into 3 groups according to the number of rhegmatogenous lesions: those in group A had a single break, those in group B had two breaks, and those in group C had three or more breaks. The location of the break was also evaluated as either superior or inferior.
Main outcomes: Safety was evaluated and defined as a lack of adverse events or the absence of damage to the retinal tissue and intraocular structures. Efficacy was determined by evaluating SD-OCT images to assess whether complete coverage of the retinal break favouring the proximity of the edges and closure of the retinal break was achieved.
Results: Of a total of 23 eyes of 23 patients, 22 (95.6%) achieved retinal repair without associated complications. Patients with 2 or fewer rhegmatogenous lesions located inthe superior sector had a better anatomical result as they achieved 100% surgical success. The structural changes observed by SD-OCT showed adequate adaptation of the lyophilized patch and complete closure of the rhegmatogenous lesion with no alterations in the adjacent tissue.
Conclusions: The LAM patch seems to be safe and effective, as it promotes therapeutic closure of rhegmatogenous lesions without damaging the retinal architecture adjacent to the implantation site.
Best practices for methylome characterization in novel species: a case study in the microalgae Nannochloropsis
Authors: Steadman Christina , Small Eric , Banerjee Shounak , Twary Scott 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Microalgae remain an important feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. Discovery of new species drives innovation for biotransformation, where bioengineering and other technological advances can significantly optimize performance. Production is predicated on deep knowledge of algal behavior predicted from genomic and phenotypic studies. However, prediction and manipulation of behavior, particularly for scale up, remains a challenge. Understanding the contribution of epigenetic processes to algal function provides another piece of this complex puzzle for achieving bioeconomy goals. Utilizing Nannochloropsis species as a model, we provide a methodological framework for investigating epigenetic processes, analysis of the limitations of state-of-the-art techniques, and best practices for discerning novel modifications, specifically focusing on variants of DNA methylation in new species. Further, we demonstrate specific forms of DNA methylation can be overlooked by traditional epigenetic analysis strategies. Using high-throughput, lower cost techniques, we provide several pieces of evidence demonstrating Nannochloropsis gaditana and N. salina lack the most ubiquitous forms of eukaryotic DNA methylation (5mC and 5hmC) and instead employ N6-adenine methylation (6mA), commonly found in bacteria, in their genomes. Interestingly, transcriptionally diverse physiological conditions do not elicit differential 6mA methylation in Nannochloropsis spp. Thus, the presence of 6mA may provide stability and protection of the genome. These collective discoveries illuminate not only a new, exciting avenue for improving feedstock genetic drift, stability, and culture health for bioproduction scale up but also an ideal model species to study other epigenetic processes.
Spatial Patterns and Optimization Policies of Low-Carbon Competitiveness of Urban Agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin under the Perspective of Complex Ecosystems
Authors: Ci Fuyi , Li Qinfang , Wang Zihan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system for assessing the low carbon competitiveness of cities. It employs the kernel density estimation, Dagum Gini coefficient, and spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the spatial patterns and optimization policies of low carbon competitiveness in urban agglomerations within the Yellow River Basin. The main innovations: (1) Improving the concept of urban low carbon competitiveness, the paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising structural, functional, and potential indicators of urban low carbon development. Additionally, carbon circular economy indicators are introduced. (2) The research findings reveal that low carbon competitiveness in urban agglomerations within the Yellow River Basin exhibits a spatial distribution pattern of "downstream > midstream > upstream". The spatial connection pattern of low carbon competitiveness in urban agglomerations within the Yellow River Basin is observed to intensify from local to regional urban agglomerations, as well as from upstream to midstream to downstream urban agglomerations. Generally, absolute differences in low carbon competitiveness within urban agglomerations exhibit an increasing trend as one moves from upstream to midstream to downstream, and from local to regional levels.
Awareness and Acceptability of Assisted Reproductive Technology among Non-Medical Tertiary Students In a Low-resource Setting
Authors: Johnson-Ekeleba Abigail Charity , Sefogah Promise Emmanuel , Swarray-Deen Alim , Mumuni Kareem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) have significantly advanced infertility treatment worldwide. However, their availability and use in developing countries, including sub-Saharan Africa, remains limited although infertility is highly prevalent, with significant psycho-social challenges including stigma. This study assessed the awareness, attitudes, and perceptions of ART among non-medical tertiary students in Ghana.Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-medical students in tertiary institutions in Ghana. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to both post-graduate and undergraduate students after obtaining informed consent. Ethical approval was obtained from the Review Board at Community Health Department of the University of Ghana Medical School. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS (version-27) and the results presented using frequency tables, graphs, and charts. significance was P-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Overall, 196 participants from the two largest universities and other tertiary institutions in Ghana took part in this study. Majority (63.5%) of respondents demonstrated awareness on ART services, but 60.3% showed poor knowledge of the types of ART. Males generally exhibited lower knowledge of ART services compared to females, and knowledge of ART services showed an inverse relationship with age. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) was the most widely recognized and recommended ART technique, known by 65.1% of respondents who were aware of the types of ART. Most participants expressed reluctance to accept or recommend gamete donation due to religious reasons, fear of complications, and a preference for conventional means of procreation.Conclusion The majority of tertiary students in Ghana are aware of ART for infertility treatment; however, many are hesitant to donate their gamete, accept, or recommend donor gamete treatments. Fear of complications and related costs pose major barriers to considering ART among the respondents. Participants unanimously suggested government subsidies and the inclusion of ART under the national health insurance coverage package.
Impact of Resilience Policies on Cape Town's Water-Food Nexus: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Hofmann Viola S. , Egieya Jafaru M. , Parker Yumna , Gorgens Johann , Goosen Neill J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Climate change is increasingly affecting the supply of resources such as water and food. From 2015 to 2018, Cape Town endured its most severe drought on record. Yet, resource management often occurs in isolation, which contrasts with the holistic perspective provided by the nexus concept that recognizes the interdependence of resource sectors. This study employs system dynamics modelling, to examine the City of Cape Town’s (CoCT) water-food trade-offs and interactions using qualitative and quantitative approaches. It assesses various policies proposed by the CoCT, to improve system resilience and to boost future water supplies, examining their efficacy and potential drawbacks. These policies are tested against future scenarios including population growth and climate change predictions of different severities.
Results
The simulation results show an increase in food demand, which is mainly linked to population growth and a significant decrease in water availability. Without interventions, the CoCT is expected to experience serious water shortages within the 40-year simulation period.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that the CoCT’s strategies will effectively secure adequate water for its expanding population. However, a major concern was found to be the proposed intensification of aquifer exploitation. The model predicts that such an approach could lead to over-abstraction of some aquifers, compromising their sustainability.
The Application Research on Iris-clip intraocular lens implantation for Aphakia in Canine
Authors: Wu YuanHeng , Dong Yi , Liu Ying , Liu ZiChen , Wang YingYun , Bai Yang , Jin YiPeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of Iris-clip intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for treating Aphakia in canines.
Method
Twelve dogs diagnosed with hereditary cataracts in both eyes were enrolled. Each dog's eyes were randomly assigned to either the control group or the operative group. Phacoemulsification was performed on both groups, with the operative group additionally receiving Iris-clip IOL implantation. Routine ophthalmic examinationst were conducted and compared between the two groups.
Results
In both groups, IOP gradually decreased post-surgery, with levels on the 3rd day being significantly lower than pre-surgery levels (P < 0.05). STT values initially decreased, then increased, with the operative group exhibiting lower values than normal between the 4th and 21st days post-surgery. Corneal edema and aqueous humor flare were higher in the operative group, requiring a longer recovery period. Visual acuity improved significantly in both groups, with the operative group showing superior results.
Conclusion
Iris-clip anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation may lead to early postoperative complications. However, with appropriate local drug treatment, these complications can be resolved, resulting in significant improvement in visual acuity in dogs with aphakic eyes. This study confirms the feasibility of this surgical approach for treating aphakia in dogs.