bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are mesenchymal stromal cells immune cells?
Authors: Hoogduijn Martin J 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered to be promising agents for the treatment of immunological disease. Although originally identified as precursor cells for mesenchymal lineages, in vitro studies have demonstrated that MSCs possess diverse immune regulatory capacities. Pre-clinical models have shown beneficial effects of MSCs in multiple immunological diseases and a number of phase 1/2 clinical trials carried out so far have reported signs of immune modulation after MSC infusion. These data indicate that MSCs play a central role in the immune response. This raises the academic question whether MSCs are immune cells or whether they are tissue precursor cells with immunoregulatory capacity. Correct understanding of the immunological properties and origin of MSCs will aid in the appropriate and safe use of the cells for clinical therapy. In this review the whole spectrum of immunological properties of MSCs is discussed with the aim of determining the position of MSCs in the immune system.
Cumulative impact of health deficits, social vulnerabilities, and protective factors on cognitive dynamics in late life: a multistate modeling approach
Authors: Armstrong Joshua J , Mitnitski Arnold , Andrew Melissa K , Launer Lenore J , White Lon R , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Many factors influence late-life cognitive changes, and evaluating their joint impact is challenging. Typical approaches focus on average decline and a small number of factors. We used multistate transition models and index variables to look at changes in cognition in relation to frailty (accumulation of health deficits), social vulnerability, and protective factors in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS).

Methods
The HAAS is a prospective cohort study of 3,845 men of Japanese descent, aged 71 to 93 years at baseline. Cognitive function was measured using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Baseline index variables were constructed of health deficits (frailty), social vulnerabilities, and protective factors. The chances of improvement/stability/decline in cognitive function and death were simultaneously estimated using multistate transition modeling for 3- and 6-year transitions from baseline.

Results
On average, CASI scores declined by 5.3 points (standard deviation (SD) = 10.0) over 3 years and 9.5 points (SD = 13.9) over 6 years. After adjusting for education and age, baseline frailty was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline at 3 years (β = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08 to 0.29) and 6 years (β = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.54). The social vulnerability index was associated with 3-year changes (β = 0.16, 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.23) and 6-year changes (β = 0.14, 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.24) in CASI scores. The protective index was associated with reductions in cognitive decline over the two intervals (3-year: β = −0.16, 95% CI, −0.24 to −0.09; 6-year: β = −0.21, 95% CI, −0.31 to –0.11,).

Conclusions
Research on cognition in late life needs to consider overall health, the accumulation of protective factors, and the dynamics of cognitive change. Index variables and multistate transition models can enhance understanding of the multifactorial nature of late-life changes in cognition.
Effects of norepinephrine on tissue perfusion in a sheep model of intra-abdominal hypertension
Authors: Ferrara Gonzalo , Kanoore Edul Vanina S , Caminos Eguillor Juan F , Martins Enrique , Canullán Carlos , Canales Héctor S , Ince Can , Estenssoro Elisa , Dubin Arnaldo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to describe the effects of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) on regional and microcirculatory intestinal blood flow, renal blood flow, and urine output, as well as their response to increases in blood pressure induced by norepinephrine.

Methods
This was a pilot, controlled study, performed in an animal research laboratory. Twenty-four anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were studied. We measured systemic hemodynamics, superior mesenteric and renal blood flow, villi microcirculation, intramucosal-arterial PCO2, urine output, and intra-abdominal pressure. IAH (20 mm Hg) was generated by intraperitoneal instillation of warmed saline. After 1 h of IAH, sheep were randomized to IAH control (n = 8) or IAH norepinephrine (n = 8) groups, for 1 h. In this last group, mean arterial pressure was increased about 20 mm Hg with norepinephrine. A sham group (n = 8) was also studied. Fluids were administered to prevent decreases in cardiac output. Differences between groups were analyzed with two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
After 2 h of IAH, abdominal perfusion pressure decreased in IAH control group compared to IAH norepinephrine and sham groups (49 ± 11, 73 ± 11, and 86 ± 15 mm Hg, P < 0.0001). There were no differences in superior mesenteric artery blood flow, intramucosal-arterial PCO2, and villi microcirculation among groups. Renal blood flow (49 ± 30, 32 ± 24, and 102 ± 45 mL.min−1.kg−1, P < 0.0001) and urinary output (0.3 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.2, and 1.0 ± 0.6 mL.h−1.kg−1, P < 0.0001) were decreased in IAH control and IAH norepinephrine groups, compared to the sham group.

Conclusions
In this experimental model of IAH, the gut and the kidney had contrasting responses: While intestinal blood flow and villi microcirculation remained unchanged, renal perfusion and urine output were severely compromised.
A study of balloon type, system constraint and artery constitutive model used in finite element simulation of stent deployment
Authors: Schiavone A , Zhao L G 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background
Finite element is an effective tool to simulate stent expansion inside stenotic arteries, which provides an insightful understanding of the biomechanical behaviour of the whole stent-artery system during the procedure. The choice of balloon type, system constraint and artery constitutive model plays an important role in finite element simulation of stent deployment.

Methods
Commercial finite element package ABAQUS was used to model the expansion of Xience stent inside a diseased artery with 40% stenosis. The arterial wall, consisting of intima, media and adventitia layers, and the stenotic plaque were described by different hyperelastic models. Both folded and rubber balloons were considered and inflated with a linearly increasing pressure of 1.4 MPa. Simulations were also carried out by considering free, partially and fully constrained arteries.

Results
Folded balloon produces sustained stent expansion under a lower pressure when compared to rubber balloon, leading to increased stress level and enhanced final expansion for the system. Fully constrained artery reduces the stent expansion when compared to free and partially constrained arteries, due to the increased recoiling effect. Stress in the artery-plaque system has higher magnitude for stent expansion in a free artery due to more severe stretch. Calcified plaque limits stent expansion considerably when compared to hypocellular plaque. The negligence of the second stretch invariant in the strain energy potential leads to the disappearance of saturation behaviour during stent expansion. The use of anisotropic artery model reduces the system expansion at peak pressure when compared to the isotropic model, but with an increased final diameter due to reduced recoiling effect. The stress distribution in the artery-plaque system is also different for different combinations of artery and plaque constitutive models.

Conclusions
Folded balloon should be used in the simulation of stent deployment, with the artery partially constrained using spring elements with a proper stiffness constant. The blood vessel should be modelled as a three-layer structure using a hyperelastic potential that considers both the first and second stretch invariants as well as the anisotropy. The composition of the plaque also has to be considered due to its major effect on stent deployment.
Body-wave reconstruction from ambient seismic noise correlations in an underground mine
Authors: Olivier Gerrit , Brenguier Florent , Campillo Michel , Lynch Richard , Roux Philippe 
Published: March 2015

The reconstruction of seismic Green’s functions from correlations of ambient seismic noise has recently developed as a promising approach for exploring the earth’s interiors without the requirement of costly active seismic sources. This approach is widely used for imaging the crust at a kilometer scale. However, few studies report noise-based Green’s function reconstruction at smaller scales in industrial environments. We have investigated the possibility of constructing seismic Green’s functions between sensors in an active underground mine (Garpenberg, Sweden) by crosscorrelating seismic noise generated by mining activities. We have determined with realistic numerical simulations that the mining excavations in an underground mine lead to a regime of strong scattering, which is favorable for constructing seismic Green’s functions by crosscorrelating seismic noise. One month of continuous data was recorded by 18 seismic sensors located more than 1 km below surface. A variety of broadband (10–3000 Hz) seismic sources were present, but the seismic wavefields are directional and often monochromatic, so that the conditions for constructing Green’s functions by crosscorrelating ambient seismic noise were not ideal (isotropic illumination and spectrally white). We developed a stacking scheme that dismissed data during periods when the seismic noise was dominated by monochromatic signals or when noise sources were not in stationary phase locations. Estimates of the seismic Green’s functions were retrieved for a broad frequency range (20–400 Hz) for almost all of the correlation pairs when we used the selective stacking scheme. We used the direct body waves present at low frequencies (less than 100 Hz) in the reconstructed seismic Green’s functions to invert for the 3D S-wave velocity structure of the mine. Our results revealed the existence of a high-velocity zone and a low-velocity zone that corresponded with known ore bodies.
How to manage indwelling feeding tubes in critically ill dogs and cats
Authors: van Schoor Mirinda 
Published: March 2015

Introduction Although not many veterinary research articles are available to prove the benefits of enteral nutrition in critically ill veterinary patients, it is widely accepted that providing nutrition improves outcome in these patients. In many cases patients do not voluntarily consume adequate levels of energy and feeding tubes are used to facilitate feeding. These include naso-enteric tubes, oesophagostomy tubes, gastrostomy tubes and jejunostomy tubes. This article gives a brief overview of the practical use and management of enteral feeding tubes and the technique for placement of naso-enteric tubes.
USO DE FÁRMACOS PSICOTRÓPICOS POR PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE ATUANTES DA ÁREA HOSPITALAR
Authors: Helfer Schneider Ana Paula , Azambuja Patricia Gens 
Published: March 2015

Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a utilização de psicofármacos e os fatores associados ao seu uso entre os profissionais da saúde de um hospital de Santa Cruz do Sul, RS. Caracteriza-se por um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados por meio de questionário autoaplicável, não identificável e estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, no período de setembro e outubro de 2012. Foram entrevistados 106 profissionais, sendo 91,5% mulheres, 74,5% técnicos de enfermagem e 40,57% atuantes em Unidades de Internação. Dos 106 participantes da pesquisa, 23 (21,7%) faziam uso de psicofármacos; com maior consumo entre profissionais atuantes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (34,78%) e Unidades de Internação (34,78%), com carga horária semanal de trabalho superior a 60 horas (50%), incluindo situações de mais de um vínculo empregatício. Observou-se maior prevalência no consumo de psicofármacos entre técnicos de enfermagem (22,8%). Os principais motivos apontados para o início do uso dos medicamentos em estudo foram a depressão, a ansiedade e a insônia. A falta de conhecimento sobre as características dos medicamentos e tratamento também foram observadas. Os resultados desse estudo apontam para um elevado consumo de psicofármacos entre profissionais de saúde e que há necessidade de maior comunicação entre usuários e prescritores, além dabusca por orientação farmacêutica, a fim de elucidar dúvidas quanto ao tratamento, visando o uso racional e correto de medicamentos.
ANÁLISE QUALI-QUANTITATIVA DE FORMALDEÍDO EM AMOSTRAS DE PRODUTOS DESTINADOS AO ALISAMENTO CAPILAR UTILIZADOS EM SALÕES DE BELEZA NO MUNICÍPIO DE LINHARES, ES - BRASIL
Authors: De Oliveira Crippa Valdinara , Freitas Teixeira Lo Ruama , Camizão Rebello Luciana 
Published: March 2015

O formaldeído proporciona maior durabilidade e efetividade em processos de alisamento capilar, e então, passou a ser comumente usado de forma irregular para esse fim. Com a RDC nº 79 de 2000, da Anvisa, o uso de formaldeído passou a ser permitido em concentração máxima de 0,2% nos produtos cosméticos, com a finalidade de conservação. Por se tratar de uma substância que pode causar desde uma pequena irritação até carcinogênese, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se os principais alisantes capilares utilizados no município de Linhares, ES – Brasil estavam cumprindo as especificações exigidas pela legislação vigente. Foram coletadas dez amostras de marcas diferentes e, com base no Guia de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Cosméticos da ANVISA, realizada a análise qualitativa por identificação com o reagente de Schiff e feito o doseamento por reação de acetilacetona. Dos dez produtos analisados, todos apresentaram formaldeído e 80% estavam com níveis acima do permitido. Estes resultados indicam que há necessidade de uma fiscalização mais rígida e constante dos alisantes capilares comercializados e estratégias de sensibilização sobre riscos de utilização do formol.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO BACTERIOLÓGICA EM BANHEIROS DE UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE DE MUNICÍPIOS DO NOROESTE PAULISTA, BRASIL
Authors: Rezende Catia , Arantes Thaís Marangoni , Rosa Nádia Rulli 
Published: March 2015

As infecções relacionadas à assistência em saúde (IRAS), que são aquelas adquiridas durante a prestação dos cuidados de saúde, são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública não apenas no Brasil, mas no mundo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e identificação de espécimens bacteriológicas em superfícies de banheiros de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) localizadas em municípios do Noroeste Paulista, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em Maio de 2014, por meio da fricção de swabs estéreis embebidos em solução salina, abrangendo maçanetas, torneiras e válvulas de descarga de 16 banheiros situados em quatro UBS, totalizando 48 amostras. Das 48 amostras coletadas, foram identificadas 79 cepas, diferenciadas em 14 tipos de microrganismos, com prevalência de bacilos Gram positivos(49%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%) e Serratia rubidae (12%). Dentre as superfícies analisadas, as torneiras apresentaram o maior grau de contaminação. Além disso, foi constatado que os banheiros mais contaminados foram os destinados ao uso exclusivo de colaboradores. Essas evidências mostram a necessidade da conscientização de boas práticas de higienização pelos profissionais da saúde e da comunidade, a fim de minimizar o risco de transmissão de patógenos.
ANÁLISE DAS PRESCRIÇÕES DE SIBUTRAMINA DISPENSADAS EM DROGARIAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE CUIABÁ-MT, BRASIL
Authors: Gonzaga Josyanne Barros , Siqueira Franciele da Silva , Zamprone Jéssica Teixeira , Franco Bruna , Constantino Sthephane Keith Correia , Silva Ednaldo Anthony Jesus , De Oliveira Ruberlei Godinho 
Published: March 2015

A obesidade é uma doença metabólica caracterizada pelo aumento de massa corporal e/ou por um excesso de tecido adiposo no organismo. Dentre as opções farmacológicas, a sibutramina, é o medicamento mais indicado para indivíduos com sobrepeso. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as prescrições de sibutramina dispensadas nas drogarias de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil em relação à distribuição da faixa etária, sexo, especialidade médica, bem como obter quais os principais erros de prescrições deste medicamento. Foram analisadas no período de três meses 815 receitas de controle especial, B2, na Vigilância Sanitária do município de Cuiabá-MT, decorrentes de cinco drogarias de rede aleatórias nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro do ano de 2014. Das quais, 83,7%, corresponderam a usuários do sexo feminino e restante ao sexo masculino. Quanto à faixa etária, observou-se a predominância entre 31–35 anos e em 9,94% foi ocultada a idade do paciente. A prescrição de sibutramina foi prevalente por clínicos gerais, seguido de endocrinologistas, sendo que entre os itens obrigatórios a ser preenchidos no receituário B2 não houve erros no preenchimento. De acordo com avaliação dos receituários, constata-se que o uso de sibutramina é prescrito sem diagnóstico preciso do grau de obesidade, o que acarreta problemas de saúde pública, bem como o uso irracional deste medicamento anorexígeno pela população cuiabana.
EUGENIA DYSENTERICA MART. EX DC. (CAGAITA): PLANTA BRASILEIRA COM POTENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO
Authors: Mazuti Silva Sandra Márcia , Gasca Silva Cristian Aldemar , Fonseca-Bazzo Yris Maria , Magalhães Pérola Oliveira , Silveira Dâmaris 
Published: March 2015

O Brasil possui uma das maiores diversidades florísticas do mundo, com vários biomas de características diversas. Esses biomas são uma rica fonte de espécies vegetais utilizadas pelos habitantes locais como alimento e/ou para fins medicinais. Em 2006 foi publicada a Politica Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (PNPMF) que estabeleceu diretrizes de atuação do Governo Federal na área, com o objetivo de fomentar o desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico e estimular o uso sustentável da biodiversidade nacional. O Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, por sua vez, estabeleceu as ações dos diversos parceiros, para garantir o acesso, o desenvolvimento tecnológio e o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos de forma segura, eficaz e com qualidade. Eugenia dysenterica Mart ex DC é uma espécie brasileira encontrada no bioma Cerrado e utilizada como alimento e para fins medicinais. Assim, no sentido de contribuir para a PNPMF, foi elaborada uma monografia mostrando os avanços nos estudos sobre essa espécie, potencialmente útil para no desenvolvimento de fitoterápico genuinamente nacional.
INDICADORES DE PRESCRICÃO MÉDICA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Souza Pedro Henrique Rodrigues de , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva 
Published: March 2015

O farmacêutico, por meio da atenção farmacêutica, pode acompanhar a farmacoterapia, orientando e intervindo quando necessário, buscando melhoria na educação em saúde e na qualidade de vida do paciente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a importância da atenção farmacêutica na identificação e resolução das interações fármaco-nutriente, evidenciando as implicações dessas interações no efeito terapêutico do fármaco ou no estado nutricional. Foram realizadas pesquisas em livros e artigos científicos em bases de dados como Science Direct, Pubmed e Scielo, no período de 2000 a 2014. Os resultados mostraram que existem inúmeras possibilidades de interações fármaco-nutriente, as quais podem causar prejuízos ao efeito o fármaco e/ou ao estado nutricional do paciente, e essas muitas vezes não são identificadas, por falta de conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde ou devido aos testes de biodisponibilidade dos medicamentos serem realizados em jejum, por exigência dos órgãos sanitários. Desse modo, vê-se a necessidade da atuação do farmacêutico, que por meio do seu amplo conhecimento, pode colaborar com a diminuição dos riscos dessas interações fármaco-nutriente e nutriente-fármaco, resgatando assim a confiança do paciente e a essência da profissão.
On the relationship between unit cells and channel systems in high silica zeolites with the “butterfly” projection
Authors: Guo Peng , Wan Wei , McCusker Lynne , Baerlocher Christian , Zou Xiaodong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate framework materials with corner sharing TO4 (T = Al, Si) tetrahedra forming well-defined pores and channels. Many zeolites are built from similar building units (i.e., isolated units, chains or layers), which are connected in different ways to form a variety of topologies. We have identified ten zeolite frameworks that share the same two-dimensional “butterfly” net containing 5-, 6- and 10-rings: *MRE, FER, MEL, SZR, MFS, MFI, TUN, IMF, BOG and TON. Different orientations of the TO4 tetrahedra within the layer lead to different connectivities between neighboring layers. Some layers are corrugated and some are flat, resulting in different channel systems parallel to the layer. We found some interesting relationships between the unit cell parameters and this channel system that allow the size of the channels and their directions to be deduced from the unit cell dimensions. This may facilitate the prediction of new members of this zeolite family. In addition, other zeolites containing the “butterfly” layers are also discussed.
Crystal and molecular structures of two 1H-2-substituted benzimidazoles
Authors: Cabildo Pilar , Claramunt Rosa M. , Zuñiga Fco. Javier , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The X-ray molecular structure of two benzimidazoles unsubstituted on the nitrogen atoms (2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazole and 2-propyl-1H-benzimidazole) has been determined and analysed in the context of crystallographic and solid-state NMR data of seven substituted benzimidazoles. The first compound presents polymorphism, and two polymorphs [forms 3a and 3c] were obtained from different solutions of dichloromethane/hexane. Polymorph (3a) contains two independent molecules differing in the conformation of the ethyl group. Polymorph (3c) contains only one molecule in the asymmetric unit, with similar configuration as the ordered molecule of polymorph (3a). Another polymorphic form (3b) is obtained by cooling form (3a) below 179 K. The transition is related to an order-disorder process and involves a change in the hydrogen-bonding scheme. The second compound (4) presents enantiomorphism and its asymmetric unit contains four independent molecules that differ in the conformation of the 2-propyl group. For form (3a), the splitting of NMR signals is almost perfectly consistent with the features of the crystal structure, whereas not splitting is observed for compound (4). Agreements between NMR and X-ray crystallography techniques are also observed in other simple 2-R-1H-benzimidazoles (R = C4H9, CH2C6H5 and C6H5), but disagreements are found for R = H, CH3.
Nonreciprocal Optical Tunnelling Through Evanescently Coupled Tamm States in Magnetophotonic Crystals
Authors: Fang Yun-Tuan , Han Ling , Gao Yong-Feng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Evanescently coupled Tamm states are achieved through two magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) with a pair of coupling prisms. At the wavelengths of coupled Tamm states, a double of nonreciprocal optical tunnelling channels is found through the transmission spectra obtained from a developed transfer matrix method. The nonreciprocal tunnelling wavelength and the interval between two nonreciprocal channels can be adjusted depending on the width of the air gap between two MPCs or the scale invariant of a PC. The nonreciprocal tunnelling is demonstrated through electromagnetic field distribution simulations based on finite element software. Such theoretical results may provide a new method to design tunable optical isolators with a double of channels.