bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langmuir probe studies of laser ablated ruby plasma and correlation with pulsed laser deposited ruby thin film properties
Authors: Kumari Satchi , Khare Alika 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the present paper, measurement of various plasma parameters during pulsed laser deposition of ruby thin film on quartz substrate is reported. The variation of electron temperature and ion density with laser fluence and ambient pressure is recorded via Langmuir probe technique. The structural and optical properties of ruby thin films were analyzed using photo-luminescence and atomic force microscopy, and then correlated with the plasma parameters to find optimum conditions for deposition of high quality ruby thin film.
Optimized boron fusion with magnetic trapping by laser driven plasma block initiation at nonlinear forced driven ultrahigh acceleration
Authors: Lalousis P. , Hora H. , Moustaizis S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFusion reactions of solid density boron-11 with protons after initiation of a fusion flame by very powerful picosecond laser pulses were derived for plane geometry. The problem of lateral energy losses with laser beams was solved by using spherical geometry, where however the gains are limited. The other elimination of losses now available by cylinder-axis symmetric 10 kilotesla magnetic fields is possible needing laser powers in the exawatt range. Estimations are presented by varying parameters for reducing the necessary laser pulse powers to lower values by up to a factor 100.
Use of triple ultra-high-pressure balloons for obstructed right ventricular outflow conduits in adults can be safe and effective
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuto , Sugiyama Hisashi , Yazaki Satoshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo date, no transcatheter valve has been approved for placement in the pulmonary position in Japan. Consequently, percutaneous balloon dilatation may be advised for stenotic right ventricular outflow lesions; however, technical difficulties persist, particularly in adults. We describe the acute haemodynamic changes and outcome of balloon dilatation of right ventricular outflow obstruction using triple ultra-high pressure balloons. This is the first report of such a technical development, which seems to be safe and effective. A total of three adult patients, aged 25, 29, and 37 years, with severe conduit obstruction were referred for balloon dilatation. A triple ultra-high-pressure balloon technique was used in the three patients after unsuccessful double-balloon dilatation, or for highly calcified lesions, which were expected to require ultra-high pressure for effective relief. Following balloon dilatation, the pressure gradient decreased from 24, 30, 65 to 3, 25, 30 mmHg, respectively. There were no procedural complications except slightly increased pulmonary regurgitation. Balloon dilatation using a triple ultra-high pressure balloon technique can be a safe and effective palliative procedure for conduit obstruction in adult patients.
Incidence and clinical features of acute rheumatic fever in Kayseri, Central Anatolia, 1998–2011
Authors: Narin Nazmi , Mutlu Fatma , Argun Mustafa , Ozyurt Abdullah , Pamukcu Ozge , Baykan Ali , Baykan Zeynep , Uzum Kazım 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn developing countries, acute rheumatic fever is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the paediatric and adolescent population. It is believed that vulnerability to developing acute rheumatic fever is associated with several factors such as socio-economic and living conditions.AimDetermine the incidence and clinical characteristics of acute rheumatic fever in the Central Anatolia region of Kayseri within the last 14 years, and to make a comparison of two 7-year periods.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 624 patients who were diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever at the Department of Pediatric Cardiology in the Medical Faculty of Erciyes University between January, 1998 and December, 2011.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 10.9±2.7 years. The female/male ratio was 1.4. When patients were categorised according to age groups, the largest group represented 376 patients (60.3%) aged between 10 and 14 years. The estimated incidence rate of acute rheumatic fever was 7.4/100,000 in the Central Anatolia region of Kayseri. Among the major findings, the most common included carditis at 54%, arthritis at 35%, Sydenham’s chorea at 25%, and subcutaneous nodules at 0.5%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the first 7-year period and second 7-year period in distributions of age, gender, and major findings.ConclusionAlthough there has been socio-economic development in Turkey in the recent years, the incidence of acute rheumatic fever is still high in the Central Anatolia region of Kayseri.
Scimitar syndrome in a case with VACTERL association
Authors: Fritz Christian J. , Reutter Heiko M. , Herberg Ulrike 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVACTERL association and Scimitar syndrome are rare congenital diseases. In this study, we report on a neonate with prenatal suspicion of VACTERL association and small left-sided cardiac structures, which, only on postnatal angiography, could be revealed to be part of a Scimitar syndrome. As this is the second reported case of VACTERL association and Scimitar syndrome, the presence of Scimitar syndrome should be considered in the prenatal and postnatal evaluation of VACTERL association.
PICTURING THE INDIAN TIGER: IMPERIAL ICONOGRAPHY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Crane Ralph , Fletcher Lisa 
Published: June 2014

In The Empire of Nature John M. MacKenzie suggests there were “three animals in India with which the British had a special hunting relationship, the tiger, the elephant and the pig” (179). Of these, the tiger is the one most closely associated with Britain's imperial relationship with India. By the mid nineteenth century, as Joseph Sramek explains, “tigers . . . had become invested with several potent meanings” (659). Several critics including Sramek and Annu Jalais demonstrate how tigers were closely associated with Indian rulers, and, at the same time, with all that was wild and untamed about the subcontinent. Thus “[o]nly by successfully vanquishing tigers would Britons prove their manliness and their fitness to rule over Indians” (Sramek 659). Through close readings of selected tiger images from the second half of the nineteenth century, this paper considers the way tigers were consistently used as visual signifiers of India in a series of stock-in-trade images which depict tiger hunts, white men protecting white women from tigers, and tigers menacing Indians.
The dynamics of organizational structures and performances under diverging distributions of knowledge and different power structures
Authors: DOSI GIOVANNI , MARENGO LUIGI 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this work we analyze the characteristics and dynamics of organizations wherein members diverge in terms of capabilities and visions they hold, and interests which they pursue. In particular we examine how different forms of power can achieve coordination among such diverse capabilities, visions, and interests while at the same time ensuring control and allowing mutual learning. By means of a simple simulation model of collective decisions by heterogeneous agents, we will examine three different forms of power, ranging from the power to design the organization, to the power to overrule byvetoorfiatthe others’ decisions, to the power to shape the very preferences of the members of the organization. We study the efficiency of different balances between the three foregoing mechanisms, within a framework in which indeed organizations ‘aggregate’ and make compatible different pieces of distributed knowledge, but the causation arrow goes also the other way round: organizations shape the characteristics and distribution of knowledge itself, and of the micro ‘visions’ and judgements.
Reflections on the Colombian case law on the protection of medical personnel against punishment
Authors: Ortiz Linares Ekaterina , Silva Chau Marisela 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOne of the fundamental rules for the protection of health-care personnel in any circumstance, including contexts of armed conflicts, provides for a prohibition on punishing medical professionals who merely act in accordance with medical ethics. However, although the reasons for this prohibition may seem obvious, in contexts of non-international armed conflicts the provision of medical care to wounded and sick members of non-state armed groups can expose medical personnel to accusations of participation in criminal activities. Based on the Colombian domestic legislation and jurisprudence on the matter, this article aims to propose elements of analysis on the apparent contradiction that exists between, on the one hand, the prohibition against punishing medical personnel for merely providing health care to the wounded and sick who need it, and on the other, the prerogative of the state authorities to restore order and security within their territory through the imposition of criminal sanctions on members of non-state armed groups or their aiders and abettors.
Diagnostic performance of the PTSD checklist and the Vietnam Era Twin Registry PTSD scale
Authors: Magruder K. , Yeager D. , Goldberg J. , Forsberg C. , Litz B. , Vaccarino V. , Friedman M. , Gleason T. , Huang G. , Smith N. 
Published: June 2014

Aims.Self-report questionnaires are frequently used in clinical and epidemiologic studies to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A number of studies have evaluated these scales relative to clinician administered structured interviews; however, there has been no formal evaluation of their performance relative to non-clinician administered epidemiologic assessments such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We examined the diagnostic performance of two self-report PTSD scales, the PTSD checklist (PCL) and the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (VET-R) PTSD scale, compared to the CIDI.Methods.Data were derived from a large epidemiologic follow-up study of PTSD in 5141 Vietnam Era Veterans. Measures included the PCL, VET-R PTSD scale and CIDI. For both the PCL and VET-R PTSD scale, ROC curves, areas under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, % correctly classified, likelihood ratios, predictive values and quality estimates were generated based on the CIDI PTSD diagnosis.Results.For the PCL and VET-R PTSD scale the AUCs were 89.0 and 87.7%, respectively. Optimal PCL cutpoints varied from the 31–33 range (when considering sensitivity and specificity) to the 36–56 range (when considering quality estimates). Similar variations were found for the VET-R PTSD, ranging from 31 (when considering sensitivity and specificity) to the 37–42 range (when considering quality estimates).Conclusions.The PCL and VET-R PTSD scale performed similarly using a CIDI PTSD diagnosis as the criterion. There was a range of acceptable cutpoints, depending on the metric used, but most metrics suggested a lower PCL cutpoint than in previous studies in Veteran populations.
Degree of cognitive impairment and mortality: a 17-year follow-up in a community study
Authors: Santabárbara J. , Lopez-Anton R. , Marcos G. , De-la-Cámara C. , Lobo E. , Saz P. , Gracia-García P. , Ventura T. , Campayo A. , Rodríguez-Mañas L. , Olaya B. , Haro J. M. , Salvador-Carulla L. , Sartorius N. , Lobo A. 
Published: June 2014

Background.To test the hypothesis that cognitive impairment in older adults is associated with all-cause mortality risk and the risk increases when the degree of cognitive impairment augments; and then, if this association is confirmed, to report the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality due to cognitive impairment.Method.A representative random community sample of individuals aged over 55 was interviewed, and 4557 subjects remaining alive at the end of the first year of follow-up were included in the analysis. Instruments used in the assessment included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the History and Aetiology Schedule (HAS) and the Geriatric Mental State (GMS)-AGECAT. For the standardised degree of cognitive impairment Perneczky et al's MMSE criteria were applied. Mortality information was obtained from the official population registry. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the association between MMSE degrees of cognitive impairment and mortality risk. We also estimated the PAF of mortality due to specific MMSE stages.Results.Cognitive impairment was associated with mortality risk, the risk increasing in parallel with the degree of cognitive impairment (Hazard ratio, HR: 1.18 in the ‘mild’ degree of impairment; HR: 1.29 in the ‘moderate’ degree; and HR: 2.08 in the ‘severe’ degree). The PAF of mortality due to severe cognitive impairment was 3.49%.Conclusions.A gradient of increased mortality-risk associated with severity of cognitive impairment was observed. The results support the claim that routine assessment of cognitive function in older adults should be considered in clinical practice.
Microscopically-Tuned Band Structure of Epitaxial Graphene through Interface and Stacking Variations Using Si Substrate Microfabrication
Authors: Fukidome Hirokazu , Ide Takayuki , Kawai Yusuke , Shinohara Toshihiro , Nagamura Naoka , Horiba Koji , Kotsugi Masato , Ohkochi Takuo , Kinoshita Toyohiko , Kumighashira Hiroshi , Oshima Masaharu , Suemitsu Maki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGraphene exhibits unusual electronic properties, caused by a linear band structure near the Dirac point. This band structure is determined by the stacking sequence in graphene multilayers. Here we present a novel method of microscopically controlling the band structure. This is achieved by epitaxy of graphene on 3C-SiC(111) and 3C-SiC(100) thin films grown on a 3D microfabricated Si(100) substrate (3D-GOS (graphene on silicon)) by anisotropic etching, which produces Si(111) microfacets as well as major Si(100) microterraces. We show that tuning of the interface between the graphene and the 3C-SiC microfacets enables microscopic control of stacking and ultimately of the band structure of 3D-GOS, which is typified by the selective emergence of semiconducting and metallic behaviours on the (111) and (100) portions, respectively. The use of 3D-GOS is thus effective in microscopically unlocking various potentials of graphene depending on the application target, such as electronic or photonic devices.
Explosive synchronization as a process of explosive percolation in dynamical phase space
Authors: Zhang Xiyun , Zou Yong , Boccaletti S. , Liu Zonghua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExplosive synchronization and explosive percolation are currently two independent phenomena occurring in complex networks, where the former takes place in dynamical phase space while the latter in configuration space. It has been revealed that the mechanism of EP can be explained by the Achlioptas process, where the formation of a giant component is controlled by a suppressive rule. We here introduce an equivalent suppressive rule for ES. Before the critical point of ES, the suppressive rule induces the presence of multiple, small sized, synchronized clusters, while inducing the abrupt formation of a giant cluster of synchronized oscillators at the critical coupling strength. We also show how the explosive character of ES degrades into a second-order phase transition when the suppressive rule is broken. These results suggest that our suppressive rule can be considered as a dynamical counterpart of the Achlioptas process, indicating that ES and EP can be unified into a same framework.
Correlating electroluminescence characterization and physics-based models of InGaN/GaN LEDs: Pitfalls and open issues
Authors: Calciati Marco , Goano Michele , Bertazzi Francesco , Vallone Marco , Zhou Xiangyu , Ghione Giovanni , Meneghini Matteo , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Bellotti Enrico , Verzellesi Giovanni , Zhu Dandan , Humphreys Colin 
Published: June 2014

Electroluminescence (EL) characterization of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs), coupled with numerical device models of different sophistication, is routinely adopted not only to establish correlations between device efficiency and structural features, but also to make inferences about the loss mechanisms responsible for LED efficiency droop at high driving currents. The limits of this investigative approach are discussed here in a case study based on a comprehensive set of current- and temperature-dependent EL data from blue LEDs with low and high densities of threading dislocations (TDs). First, the effects limiting the applicability of simpler (closed-form and/or one-dimensional) classes of models are addressed, like lateral current crowding, vertical carrier distribution nonuniformity, and interband transition broadening. Then, the major sources of uncertainty affecting state-of-the-art numerical device simulation are reviewed and discussed, including (i) the approximations in the transport description through the multi-quantum-well active region, (ii) the alternative valence band parametrizations proposed to calculate the spontaneous emission rate, (iii) the difficulties in defining the Auger coefficients due to inadequacies in the microscopic quantum well description and the possible presence of extra, non-Auger high-current-density recombination mechanisms and/or Auger-induced leakage. In the case of the present LED structures, the application of three-dimensional numerical-simulation-based analysis to the EL data leads to an explanation of efficiency droop in terms of TD-related and Auger-like nonradiative losses, with a C coefficient in the 10−30 cm6/s range at room temperature, close to the larger theoretical calculations reported so far. However, a study of the combined effects of structural and model uncertainties suggests that the C values thus determined could be overestimated by about an order of magnitude. This preliminary attempt at uncertainty quantification confirms, beyond the present case, the need for an improved description of carrier transport and microscopic radiative and nonradiative recombination mechanisms in device-level LED numerical models.
Status of Redband Trout in the Upper Snake River Basin of Idaho
Authors: Meyer Kevin A. , Schill Daniel J. , Mamer Elizabeth R. J. M. , Kozfkay Christine C. , Campbell Matthew R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Redband Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri are likely the most abundant and most widely distributed native salmonid in the Columbia River basin, yet their current distribution and abundance across the landscape have not been well documented. We sampled 1,032 randomly distributed stream sites (usually 100 m in length) across more than 60,000 km of stream network to assess Redband Trout occupancy, abundance, and genetic purity in the upper Snake River basin of Idaho. Study locations were more often in dry desert subbasins (49% of sites) than in montane subbasins (20%), and 25% of the dry “stream sites” had no discernible stream channel whatsoever, indicating a lack of flowing water for perhaps millennia. Redband Trout were estimated to occupy 13,485 km of stream (22% of the total) and were captured more often (389 sites) than Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis (128 sites), Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus (37 sites), or Brown Trout Salmo trutta (16 sites). Redband Trout were also the most abundant species of trout, with an approximate abundance of 3,449,000 ± 402,000 (90% confidence interval) of all sizes, followed by Brook Trout (1,501,000 ± 330,000), Bull Trout (159,000 ± 118,000), and Brown Trout (43,000 ± 25,000). Approximately 848,000 ± 128,000 Redband Trout were adults. From 1913 (the earliest year of record) to 2001, roughly 43 million hatchery Rainbow Trout were stocked in streams in the study area, 17.5 million of which were of catchable size (i.e., ≥200 mm total length); since 2001, all catchable trout have been sterilized prior to stocking. Genetic results from 61 study sites suggest that hybridization with hatchery Rainbow Trout is more likely to occur in streams that were directly stocked with catchable trout from 1913 to 2001. Applying these results across the landscape, we estimated that Redband Trout likely remain pure in about 68% of the streams occupied in the upper Snake River basin.
Received November 13, 2012; accepted January 9, 2014
SensA: web-based sensitivity analysis of SBML models
Authors: Floettmann Max , Uhlendorf Jannis , Scharp Till , Klipp Edda , Spiesser Thomas W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSummary: SensA is a web-based application for sensitivity analysis of mathematical models. The sensitivity analysis is based on metabolic control analysis, computing the local, global and time-dependent properties of model components. Interactive visualization facilitates interpretation of usually complex results. SensA can contribute to the analysis, adjustment and understanding of mathematical models for dynamic systems.Availability and implementation: SensA is available at http://gofid.biologie.hu-berlin.de/ and can be used with any modern browser. The source code can be found at https://bitbucket.org/floettma/sensa/ (MIT license)Contact: max.floettmann@biologie.hu-berlin.de or thomas.spiesser@biologie.hu-berlin.de
Distribution, feeding behaviour, and condition of Cape horse mackerel early life stages, Trachurus capensis, under different environmental conditions in the northern Benguela upwelling ecosystem
Authors: Geist S. J. , Kunzmann A. , Verheye H. M. , Eggert A. , Schukat A. , Ekau W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEarly life history (ELH) traits are key to understand variable recruitment success and hence the stock size of marine fish. One of the currently most puzzling ecosystems in this regard is the northern part of the Benguela Current upwelling system off Namibia. Here, populations of the formerly dominant pelagic species, sardine and anchovy, failed to recover during the last three decades after a dramatic decline. In contrast, Cape horse mackerel, Trachurus capensis, maintained a constant population size. Warming of the system and shoaling of hypoxic zones together with feedback loops within an altered foodweb are discussed to be responsible for this regime shift. In this study, we address the role of larval traits for the successful performance of the T. capensis population under the present environmental conditions with the focus on feeding ecology. We investigated seasonal variations of the geographical distribution, growth rate, feeding ecology, and nutritional condition of their ELH stages and examined relationships with water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and micro-zooplankton composition. T. capensis' ELH stages showed a wide spatial and seasonal distribution, a preference for higher water temperatures (18–21°C) and presence over a wide range of dissolved oxygen concentrations (0.13–6.35 ml O2 l−1). Feeding success was high and mainly different groups of Copepoda were targeted, which were strongly size selected. The high dietary importance of micro-copepods during large parts of the larval phase indicates successful exploitation of this food source, which has increased in abundance during the last decade. It also explains observed best nutritional conditions at temperatures between 18 and 21°C, since these small copepods are commonly associated with warmer temperatures. Altogether, these traits enhance the species' probability to encounter suitable environments for the survival of their ELH stages, which is likely to lead to their high recruitment success in the northern Benguela ecosystem.