bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Cameroon
Authors: Park Ju Nyeong , Papworth Erin , Kassegne Sethson , Moukam Laure , Billong Serge Clotaire , Macauley Issac , Yomb Yves Roger , Nkoume Nathalie , Mondoleba Valentin , Eloundou Jules , LeBreton Matthew , Tamoufe Ubald , Grosso Ashley , Baral Stefan D 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionDespite men who have sex with men (MSM) being a key population for HIV programming globally, HIV epidemiologic data on MSM in Central Africa are sparse. We measured HIV and syphilis prevalence and the factors associated with HIV infection among MSM in Cameroon.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐two and 239 MSM aged ≥18 from Douala and Yaoundé, respectively, were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) for this cross‐sectional surveillance study in 2011. Participants completed a structured questionnaire and HIV and syphilis testing. Statistical analyses, including RDS‐weighted proportions, bootstrapped confidence intervals and logistic regressions, were used.ResultsCrude and RDS‐weighted HIV prevalence were 28.6% (73/255) and 25.5% (95% CI 19.1–31.9) in Douala, and 47.3% (98/207) and 44.4% (95% CI 35.7–53.2) in Yaoundé. Active syphilis prevalence in total was 0.4% (2/511). Overall, median age was 24 years, 62% (317/511) of MSM identified as bisexual and 28.6% (144/511) identified as gay. Inconsistent condom use with regular male partners (64.1%; 273/426) and casual male and female partners (48.5%; 195/402) was common, as was the inconsistent use of condom‐compatible lubricants (CCLs) (26.3%; 124/472). In Douala, preferring a receptive sexual role was associated with prevalent HIV infection [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.33, 95% CI 1.02–5.32]. Compared to MSM without HIV infection, MSM living with HIV were more likely to have ever accessed a health service targeting MSM in Douala (aOR 4.88, 95% CI 1.63–14.63). In Yaoundé, MSM living with HIV were more likely to use CCLs (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.19–4.97).ConclusionsHigh HIV prevalence were observed and condoms and CCLs were used inconsistently indicating that MSM are a priority population for HIV prevention, treatment and care services in Douala and Yaoundé. Building the capacity of MSM community organizations and improving the delivery and scale‐up of multimodal interventions for MSM that are sensitive to concerns about confidentiality and the complex individual, social, community‐level and policy challenges are needed to successfully engage young MSM in the continuum of HIV care. In addition to scaling up condom and CCL access, evaluating the feasibility of novel biomedical interventions, including antiretroviral pre‐exposure prophylaxis and early antiretroviral therapy for MSM living with HIV in Cameroon, is also warranted.
A pilot cohort study to assess the feasibility of HIV prevention science research among men who have sex with men in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Dramé Fatou Maria , Crawford Emily E , Diouf Daouda , Beyrer Chris , Baral Stefan D 
Published: December 2013

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately burdened by HIV in Senegal, across sub‐Saharan Africa and throughout the world. This is driven in part by stigma, and limits health achievements and social capital among these populations. To date, there is a limited understanding of the feasibility of prospective HIV prevention studies among MSM in Senegal, including HIV incidence and cohort retention rates.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen men who reported having anal sex with another man in the past 12 months were randomly selected from a sampling frame of 450 unique members of community groups serving MSM in Dakar. These men were enrolled in a 15‐month pilot cohort study implemented by a community‐based partner. The study included a structured survey instrument and biological testing for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus at two time points.ResultsBaseline HIV prevalence was 36.0% (43/114), with cumulative HIV prevalence at study end being 47.2% (51/108). The annualized incidence rate was 16% (8/40 at risk for seroconversion over 15 months of follow‐up, 95% confidence interval 4.6–27.4%). Thirty‐seven men were lost to follow up, including at least four deaths. Men who were able to confide in someone about health, emotional distress and sex were less likely to be HIV positive (OR 0.36, p < 0.05, 95% CI 0.13, 0.97).ConclusionsHigh HIV prevalence and incidence, as well as mortality in this young population of Senegalese MSM indicate a public health emergency. Moreover, given the high burden of HIV and rate of incident HIV infections, this population appears to be appropriate for the evaluation of novel HIV prevention, treatment and care approaches. Using a study implemented by community‐based organizations, there appears to be feasibility in implementing interventions addressing the multiple levels of HIV risk among MSM in this setting. However, low retention across arms of this pilot intervention, and in the cohort, will need to be addressed for larger‐scale efficacy trials to be feasible.
Publication rates of abstracts presented at the Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference/Research Agenda Conference from 2002 to 2008
Authors: Bakkum Barclay W. , Chapman Cynthia , Johnson Claire 
Published: December 2013

Objective
The purposes of this study were to investigate the overall publication rates of presentations at the Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference/Research Agenda Conference (ACC/RAC) meetings (2002–2008), differences in the publication rates of platform vs poster presentations, and the consistency of the meeting abstract compared to the full-length journal article.

Methods
Abstracts were obtained from proceedings published in the Journal of Chiropractic Education. Literature searches using PubMed and the Index to the Chiropractic Literature (ICL) were performed to locate peer-reviewed journal articles based upon those abstracts. Whether the article was based upon a poster or platform presentation, and the congruence of the information in the abstract and article were recorded.

Results
We identified 776 proceeding abstracts, 249 of which eventually were published between 2002 and 2012. The overall publication rate was 32.2%. A total of 42.7% of platform presentations eventually were published vs 20.3% of posters. Congruency showed that 43.2% had the same title as the meeting abstract, 59.7% had the same authorship, and 88.8% had the same methods.

Conclusion
Publication rates of abstracts from spine and orthopedic surgery national meetings range from 34% to 59%. The ACC/RAC meetings have similar publication rates. More platform than poster presentations reach full publication. The congruency of ACC/RAC abstracts to published articles is higher than national meetings in other fields.
Kinetics of Enolisation of Acetophenone and p-Bromoacetophenone: Comparative Studies
Authors: Malhotra Swati , Jaspal Dipika 
Published: December 2013

Biomolecules (Amino Acids) have been used as catalysts for the study of kinetics involved in enolosation of acetophenone and p-bromoacetophenone, and comparative study has been carried out. The process of enolisation was studied by halogenations reactions using iodine. The stoichiometery was determined in each case and the kinetic reactions were carried out to study the effect of catalyst and temperature. The enolisation process was investigated as a bimolecular reaction. The rate of enolisation was of the order p- Bromoacetophenone > Acetophenone depending on the type of substituent. The process was investigated to follow Arrhenius equation. Values for various thermodynamic parameters like Entropy (∆S≠) and Enthalpy (∆H≠) were found to be -2.126 e.u. & -10.88 e.u. and 19.06 K. cal mol-1 & 19.01 K. cal mol-1 for acetophenone and p-bromoacetophenone respectively. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Comparison of Kinetic-based and Artificial Neural Network Modeling Methods for a Pilot Scale Vacuum Gas Oil Hydrocracking Reactor
Authors: Sadighi Sepehr , Zahedi Gholam Reza 
Published: December 2013

An artificial neural network (ANN) and kinetic-based models for a pilot scale vacuum gas oil (VGO) hydrocracking plant are presented in this paper. Reported experimental data in the literature were used to develop, train, and check these models. The proposed models are capable of predicting the yield of all main hydrocracking products including dry gas, light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and unconverted VGO (residue). Results showed that kinetic-based and artificial neural models have specific capabilities to predict yield of hydrocracking products. The former is able to accurately predict the yield of lighter products, i.e. light naphtha, heavy naphtha and kerosene. However, ANN model is capable of predicting yields of diesel and residue with higher precision. The comparison shows that the ANN model is superior to the kinetic-base models. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Oxidation of Catechol using Titanium Silicate (TS-1) Catalyst: Modeling and Optimization
Authors: Sengupta Sonali , Ghosal Debarpita , Basu Jayanta K. 
Published: December 2013

The oxidation of catechol was studied in an eco-friendly process with commercial titanium silicate-1 (TS-1) catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant in absence of all mass transfer effects. The process was opti-mized by Box-Behnken design in terms of three independent process variables such as reaction tempera-ture, moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of catechol and catalyst amount whose optimum values of the process variables were found to be 60 °C, 13.2 and 1.24 g respectively for maximum conversion of 75.8 %. The effects of different process parameters such as mole ratio of hydrogen peroxide to catechol, catalyst par-ticle size, catalyst amount, temperature and reaction time were studied. A pseudo first order kinetic model was fitted with the experimental rate data. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was found to be 11.37 kJ/mole. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Hydrogen Production via Glycerol Dry Reforming over La-Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Siew Kah Weng , Lee Hua Chyn , Gimbun Jolius , Cheng Chin Kui 
Published: December 2013

Glycerol (a bio-waste generated from biodiesel production) has been touted as a promising bio-syngas precursor via reforming route. Previous studies have indicated that carbon deposition is the major performance-limiting factor for nickel (Ni) catalyst during glycerol steam reforming. In the current paper, dry (CO2)-reforming of glycerol, a new reforming route was carried out over alumina (Al2O3)-supported non-promoted and lanthanum-promoted Ni catalysts. Both sets of catalysts were synthesized via wet co-impregnation procedure. The physicochemical characterization of the catalyst showed that the promoted catalyst possessed smaller metal crystallite size, hence higher metal dispersion compared to the virgin Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. This was also corroborated by the surface images captured by the FESEM analysis. In addition, BET surface area measurement gave 92.05m²/g for non-promoted Ni catalyst whilst promoted catalysts showed an average of 1 to 6% improvement depending on the La loading. Reaction studies at 873 K showed that glycerol dry reforming successfully produced H2 with glycerol conversion and H2 yield that peaked at 9.7% and 25% respectively over 2wt% La content. The optimum catalytic performance by 2%La-Ni/Al2O3 can be attributed to the larger BET surface area and smaller crystallite size that ensured accessibility of active catalytic sites. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
A global view of the atmospheric lunar semidiurnal tide
Authors: Paulino A. R. , Batista P. P. , Batista I. S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAtmospheric lunar semidiurnal tides are studied using 10 years of temperature data collected by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere Using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite. The amplitudes and phases in the temperature field are calculated by performing least mean square fit in a data set of about 60 day interval (combining ascending and descending data together). The mean tidal structures are studied for the height range from 20 to 120 km, between ±50° latitude and centered on each month from February 2002 to January 2012. A clear signature of the 12.42 h (lunar semidiurnal tide) is observed in the data. Characteristic of propagating waves is observed in the vertical amplitude and phase profiles in almost all heights. The best conditions of propagation for the lunar semidiurnal tide are reached in the lower thermosphere region. Asymmetry between the hemispheres and seasonal variability is observed in the amplitudes of the tide. Longitudinal variations are also observed, which reveals the existence of nonmigrating components in addition to the dominant migrating lunar tide.
Vertically resolved chemical characteristics and sources of submicron aerosols measured on a Tall Tower in a suburban area near Denver, Colorado in winter
Authors: Öztürk F. , Bahreini R. , Wagner N. L. , Dubé W. P. , Young C. J. , Brown S. S. , Brock C. A. , Ulbrich I. M. , Jimenez J. L. , Cooper O. R. , Middlebrook A. M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower study was conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Colorado during February–March 2011. A compact time‐of‐flight aerosol mass spectrometer was installed in a moving carriage on the tower, obtaining vertical profiles of submicron nonrefractory aerosol mass concentrations () from 0–265 m above ground level. The average was 4.6 ± 5.7 µg/m3, with average contributions of nitrate, organics, sulfate, ammonium, and chloride of 35%, 26%, 20%, 17%, and 1%, respectively. Positive Matrix Factorization analysis of the organic aerosol (OA) mass spectra indicated that average contributions of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA)‐I, OOA‐II, and hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol (surrogates for aged and fresh secondary OA and primary OA, respectively) to OA mass were 52%, 32%, and 16%, respectively. There was considerable variability in the vertical profiles of aerosol mass loading and composition, especially at the lowest heights. Below 40 m, the highest concentrations were composed of mostly nitrate (30–46%) and were associated with winds from the northeast where there are large agricultural facilities. When winds were southerly, mass distributions near the surface had small, fresh OA, indicating the influence of nearby Denver urban emissions at the site. The largest contribution to OA mass at these heights was OOA‐II (~43%). Between 40 and 120 m, trajectory cluster analysis indicated that during high‐altitude long‐range transport events, daytime aerosol composition was dominated by sulfate, whereas during low‐altitude transport events, the contributions of sulfate, nitrate, and OA were comparable. OOA‐I contributed the most (53–68%) to OA mass at these tower heights.
Reconstruction of daily photosynthetically active radiation and its trends over China
Authors: Tang Wenjun , Qin Jun , Yang Kun , Niu Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaotong , Yu Yu , Zhu Xudong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhotosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is widely required in ecological studies, but it is not routinely measured at China Meteorological Administration (CMA) stations. In this study, a PAR model is utilized to estimate daily PAR from routine meteorological parameters (air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, and sunshine duration) at CMA stations. The estimate is evaluated against measurements at 10 Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) stations. The model can produce PAR with mean bias errors of −2.4 W m−2, root mean square errors of 14.0 W m−2, and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.92 at all CERN stations. Comparison with a locally calibrated model indicates that the estimate has a comparable or even higher accuracy than the local model calibrated with CERN data. Another evaluation at an independent site further indicates that our estimate has higher accuracy than the local model at stations independent of CERN. Finally, a 50 year data set of daily PAR at 716 CMA stations over China is reconstructed by the validated model, and its climatology and long‐term variations over China are analyzed. The data set would substantially contribute to ecological studies in China.
Establishing the Duration of Crimes: An Individual Differences and Eye‐Tracking Investigation into Time Estimation
Authors: Attard Janice , Bindemann Markus 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe time available for viewing a perpetrator at a crime scene predicts successful person recognition in subsequent identity line‐ups. This time is usually unknown and must be derived from eyewitnesses' duration estimates. This study therefore compared the estimates that different individuals provide for crimes. We then attempted to determine the accuracy of these durations by measuring observers' general time estimation ability with a set of estimator videos. Observers differed greatly in their ability to estimate time, but individual duration estimates correlated strongly for crime and estimator materials. This indicates that it might be possible to infer unknown durations of events, such as criminal incidents, from a person's ability to estimate known durations. We also measured observers' eye movements to a perpetrator during crimes. Only fixations on a perpetrator's face related to eyewitness accuracy, but these fixations did not correlate with exposure estimates for this person. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Concise Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (±)‐Stemoamide
Authors: Li Zhengnian , Zhang Lijuan , Qiu Fayang G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA concise stereocontrolled total synthesis of (±)‐stemoamide (1) was achieved in six steps starting from readily accessible 2‐trimethylsilioxy‐3‐methylfuran, methyl‐4‐nitrobutyrate, and acrolein. After converting the nitro group into a ketone, a subsequent reductive amination was used as the key step to construct the seven‐membered ring and also to control the configuration of the C9a stereochemical center of stemoamide.
Additional mandibles of Rangwapithecus gordoni, an early Miocene catarrhine from the Tinderet localities of Western Kenya
Authors: Cote Susanne , Malit Nasser , Nengo Isaiah 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTwo catarrhine mandibles and five isolated teeth have been discovered from Early Miocene localities in Western Kenya. One mandible comes from the well‐known locality of Songhor whereas the other is from a newly discovered locality, Lower Kapurtay, located near Songhor. The mandibles both can clearly be assigned to the species Rangwapithecus gordoni based on molar morphology, which is unique among Early Miocene catarrhines. The isolated specimens can be assigned to Rangwapithecus based on their similarities in morphology to the homologues preserved in the two mandibles. These specimens provide important new information about the dentognathic morphology of Rangwapithecus, which is described in detail. The mandible from Songhor (KNM‐SO 22228) represents the first definitive female mandible of Rangwapithecus. The Lower Kapurtay mandible (KNM‐KT 31234) appears to be male but is much smaller than another recently described male mandible of this species (KNM‐SO 17500) and the type maxilla (KNM‐SO 700). These specimens enable a reassessment of the attributions of all other mandibles and isolated lower teeth of Rangwapithecus, and we present a complete hypodigm of the mandibular and lower dental material for the species. Finally, we provide some additions to the diagnosis of Rangwapithecus gordoni based on previously unknown morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:341–352, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity of the Structures in a Distannene Complex and its Reduction to Generate a Six‐Membered Ti2Sn4 Ring Complex
Authors: Kuwabara Takuya , Guo Jing Dong , Nagase Shigeru , Saito Masaichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn contrast to olefin complexes, their congeners of heavier elements display various coordination modes, and their complexes may be present as bis(metallylene) complexes, with side‐on coordination, as metallacyclopropanes, or as π complexes. In the course of our studies on the reactivity of dilithiostannoles towards transition‐metal reagents, three‐membered TiSn2 and six‐membered Ti2Sn4 ring complexes were obtained. According to its geometric parameters, NMR analysis, and theoretical calculations, the TiSn2 complex cannot be categorized into any of these previously described bonding modes. Therefore, a novel resonance structure has been proposed for a complex that has a delocalized σ‐orbital over the TiSn2 ring to understand its electronic structure. The mechanism for the formation of the Ti2Sn4 ring complex and its EPR spectrum are also discussed.
Omuralid und Vibralacton: Unterschiede im Proteasom‐β‐Lacton‐γ‐Lactamgerüst verändern die Zielmolekülpräferenz
Authors: List Anja , Zeiler Evelyn , Gallastegui Nerea , Rusch Marion , Hedberg Christian , Sieber Stephan A. , Groll Michael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTrotz der strukturellen Ähnlichkeit der beiden Naturstoffe Omuralid und Vibralacton zeigen sich unerwartete Unterschiede in den Präferenzen ihrer jeweiligen Zielenzyme. Während Omuralid das Chymotrypsin‐ähnliche aktive Zentrum des Proteasoms mit IC50 = 47 nM inhibiert, hat Vibralacton auch bei Konzentrationen von bis zu 1 mM keinen Effekt auf diese Protease. Aktivitätsbasiertes Protein‐Profiling in HeLa‐Zellen identifizierte APT1 und APT2 als zelluläre Angriffsziele von Vibralacton.
Direct α‐Vinylidenation of Aldehydes and Subsequent Cascade: Gold and Amine Catalysts Work Synergistically
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Li Xijian , Huang Yong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCarbonyl‐substituted allenes are highly important synthetic intermediates for a number of heterocycles and strained‐ring systems. However, chemistry of allenyl aldehydes has not been explored as extensively as their ketone, ester, or amide analogues because of a lack of general synthetic methods. Described herein is the first direct α‐vinylidenation of aldehydes and an α‐vinylidenation/γ‐functionalization cascade to access tri‐ and tetrasubstituted allenyl aldehydes using a combination of a gold catalyst and an secondary amine. The reactive enamine intermediate of an aldehyde reacts with the gold‐activated hypervalent silylethynyl benziodoxolone to selectively generate the corresponding trisubstituted allenyl aldehyde. The allenyl aldehyde can further react with another equivalent of the alkynylation reagent or other electrophiles to afford tetrasubstituted allenes bearing an aldehyde group, an acetylene, and a halogen functionality. This method enables rapid access to polysubstituted furans from aldehydes.
Omuralide and Vibralactone: Differences in the Proteasome‐ β‐Lactone‐γ‐Lactam Binding Scaffold Alter Target Preferences
Authors: List Anja , Zeiler Evelyn , Gallastegui Nerea , Rusch Marion , Hedberg Christian , Sieber Stephan A. , Groll Michael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite their structural similarity, the natural products omuralide and vibralactone have different biological targets. While omuralide blocks the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome with an IC50 value of 47 nM, vibralactone does not have any effect at this protease up to a concentration of 1 mM. Activity‐based protein profiling in HeLa cells revealed that the major targets of vibralactone are APT1 and APT2.