bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of the Effects of a Column for Adsorption of β2‐Microglobulin in Patients With Dialysis‐Related Amyloidosis in Japan
Authors: Gejyo Fumitake , Amano Izumi , Ando Tetsuo , Ishida Mari , Obayashi Seiichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Ono Toshihiko , Kanno Yutaka , Kitaoka Tateki , Kukita Kazutaka , Kurihara Satoshi , Sato Motoyoshi , Shin Jeongsoo , Suzuki Masashi , Takahashi Susumu , Taguma Yoshio , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Nakazawa Ryoichi , Nakanishi Takeshi , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Hara Shigeko , Hiramatsu Makoto , Furuya Ryuichi , Masakane Ikuto , Tsuchida Kenji , Motomiya Yasuki , Morita Hiroyuki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Yoshiya Kunihiko , Yamakawa Tomoyuki ,   The Society of β2‐Microglobulin Adsorption Therapy
Published: November 2012

AbstractDialysis‐related amyloidosis is a serious complication of long‐term hemodialysis. Its pathogenic mechanism involves accumulation of β2‐microglobulin in the blood, which then forms amyloid fibrils and is deposited in tissues, leading to inflammation and activation of osteoclasts. Lixelle, a direct hemoperfusion column for adsorption of β2‐microglobulin, has been available since 1996 to treat dialysis‐related amyloidosis in Japan. However, previous studies showing the therapeutic efficacy of Lixelle were conducted in small numbers of patients with specific dialysis methods. Here, we report the results of a nationwide questionnaire survey on the therapeutic effects of Lixelle. Questionnaires to patients and their attending physicians on changes in symptoms of dialysis‐related amyloidosis by Lixelle treatment were sent to 928 institutions that had used Lixelle, and fully completed questionnaires were returned from 345 patients at 138 institutions. The patients included 161 males and 184 females 62.9 ± 7.7 years age, who had undergone dialysis for 25.9 ± 6.2 years and Lixelle treatment for 3.5 ± 2.7 years. Based on self‐evaluation by patients, worsening of symptoms was inhibited in 84.9–96.5% of patients. Of the patients, 91.3% felt that worsening of their overall symptoms had been inhibited, while attending physicians evaluated the treatment as effective or partially effective for 72.8% of patients. Our survey showed that Lixelle treatment improved symptoms or prevented the progression of dialysis‐related amyloidosis in most patients.
Short‐ and long‐term outcome after perineal urethrostomy in 86 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Ruda L. , Heiene R. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUNDPerineal urethrostomy is a surgical method for alleviating urethral obstruction in cats with complicated or recurrent obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease. However, long‐term outcome of perineal urethrostomy in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease has only been described in studies with relatively few cats.OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term prognosis, recurrent episodes, quality of life and survival times in cats with feline lower urinary tract disease who underwent perineal urethrostomy.MATERIALS AND METHODSData was collected from 86 cats from medical records, including 75 cats with at least 6 months survival, whose owners responded by questionnaire‐based telephone interviews.RESULTSLong‐term follow‐up ranged from 1·0 to 10·4 years. The median survival time for all cats was 3·5 years after surgery. Forty‐seven cats were still alive at the time of the study. Five cats (5·8%) did not survive the first 14 days after perineal urethrostomy surgery; another six cats (7·0%) did not survive 6 months. Seventy‐five cats (87%) lived longer than 6 months; 45 (60%) of these were asymptomatic after surgery; 8 of 75 cats (10·7%) experienced severe signs of recurrent feline lower urinary tract disease. For 19 cats, data were available for more than 6 years. Among these, 13 cats were still alive at the time of this study. The six non‐surviving cats had all been euthanased for diseases unrelated to the urinary tract. Eighty‐eight percent of the owners categorised their cat's long‐term quality of life as good.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis study shows that long‐term quality of life after perineal urethrostomy in cats with obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease is good (as assessed by owners) and the recurrence rate is low.
Rapid endodontic management of type II dens invaginatus using an MTA plug: a case report
Authors: Fayazi Sara , Bayat‐Movahed Saeed , White Shane N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDens invaginatus is an anomaly characterized by an infolding of enamel and dentin that can lead to caries and pulpal death while the tooth is still immature, and present difficulties with diagnosis and treatment. Generally such open apices are managed by long term apexifaction procedures. This article demonstrated rapid management of a maxillary lateral incisor having a type 2 dens invaginatus, necrotic pulp, open apex and very large periradicular lesion using calcium hydroxide for one week prior to placement of a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug. After setting of the MTA, the remaining canal space was obturated using a warm vertical gutta percha technique. At 6 months follow‐up the patient was asymptomatic, the lesion had almost entirely resolved, and, the root was already completely surrounded by bone.
Capacity for care: meta‐ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse‐patient relationship
Authors: Bridges Jackie , Nicholson Caroline , Maben Jill , Pope Catherine , Flatley Mary , Wilkinson Charlotte , Meyer Julienne , Tziggili Maria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo synthesize evidence and knowledge from published research about nurses' experiences of nurse‐patient relationships with adult patients in general, acute inpatient hospital settings.BackgroundWhile primary research on nurses' experiences has been reported, it has not been previously synthesized.DesignMeta‐ethnography.Data sourcesPublished literature from Australia, Europe, and North America, written in English between January 1999–October 2009 was identified from databases: CINAHL, Medline, British Nursing Index and PsycINFO.Review methodsQualitative studies describing nurses' experiences of the nurse‐patient relationship in acute hospital settings were reviewed and synthesized using the meta‐ethnographic method.ResultsSixteen primary studies (18 papers) were appraised as high quality and met the inclusion criteria. The findings show that while nurses aspire to develop therapeutic relationships with patients, the organizational setting at a unit level is strongly associated with nurses' capacity to build and sustain these relationships. The organizational conditions of critical care settings appear best suited to forming therapeutic relationships, while nurses working on general wards are more likely to report moral distress resulting from delivering unsatisfactory care. General ward nurses can then withdraw from attempting to emotionally engage with patients.ConclusionThe findings of this meta‐ethnography draw together the evidence from several qualitative studies and articulate how the organizational setting at a unit level can strongly influence nurses' capacity to build and sustain therapeutic relationships with patients. Service improvements need to focus on how to optimize the organizational conditions that support nurses in their relational work with patients.
Cellular and humoral immune responses of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), following challenge with two Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strains from different geographical origins
Authors: Costas B , Rêgo P C N P , Simões I , Marques J F , Castro‐Cunha M , Afonso A 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate leucocyte responses to inflammation as well as some innate immune parameters of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, following challenge with two strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida belonging to the European and Japanese clones described for this bacterium. Pathogenicity assays were performed to assess the virulence of each Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain for sole. Subsequently, fish were intraperitoneally injected with phosphate‐buffered saline (control) or two concentrations (2 × 102 and 2 × 106 CFU mL−1) of each bacterial strain and sampled after 6 and 24 h. Results showed that the European isolate induces a higher degree of response than the Japanese strain. While blood neutrophilia and monocytosis correlated well with the increase in neutrophil and macrophage numbers in the peritoneal cavity, fish infected with the European isolate presented higher peritoneal cell numbers than fish challenged with the Japanese strain. In addition, alternative complement pathway activity and respiratory burst of head kidney leucocytes increased significantly in fish infected with the European isolate. The enhanced innate immune response displayed by Senegalese sole challenged with the European isolate is probably due to the higher degree of virulence presented by this Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida strain.
The development of aFamilyInterventionCompetencyAssessment andReflectionScale (FICARS) for psychosis
Authors: Gamble C. , Sin J. , Kelly M. , O'Loughlin D. , Moone N. 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summaryFamily intervention (FI) has a robust evidence base yet no definitive instrument exists to outline what competences are required during and post FI training.A systematic approach commonly used in health outcomes measurement development identified and ratified components for a Family Intervention Competency Assessment and Reflection Scale (FICARS).FICARS implementation outcomes support the increasing emphasis on continuous learning and reflective practice integral to mental health practitioners' professional practice.AbstractFamily intervention (FI) for psychosis has a robust evidence base. In recommending its use the revisedNICEschizophrenia guideline states ‘Healthcare professionals providing psychological interventions should have an appropriate level of competence’. Yet, no definitive instrument exists to outline what competences are required during and postFItraining or help recruit staff with the appropriate knowledge and skill. This paper reports on the development of aFamilyInterventionCompetencyAssessment andReflectionScale (FICARS). Using a systematic three‐staged approach commonly used in health outcomes measurement development, a comprehensive literature review onUK‐basedFItraining and commonly used assessment tools was undertaken. AFICARSdraft was then constructed and revised in consultation with expertFIclinicians. Finally, a content validity study withFItrainers and students across threeFItraining programmes was undertaken to optimizeFICARSaim to promote reflective assessment and professional development inFIskills and practice.
Assisting jurors: Promoting recall of trial information through the use of a trial‐ordered notebook
Authors: Hope Lorraine , Eales Naomi , Mirashi Arta 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis study examined the effects of note taking on juror recall of trial information and, specifically, investigated whether providing mock jurors with a pre‐structured Trial‐Ordered Notebook (TON) was more beneficial for subsequent recall than freestyle note taking by jurors. Previous research has demonstrated some benefits of freestyle note taking. However, drawing on theories relating to note taking developed in educational contexts, we predicted that providing jurors with a note taking aid designed to follow the trial structure would facilitate enhanced performance on a subsequent recall task.MethodCommunity‐based participants served as mock jurors in a criminal trial and were permitted to take notes during the trial, using either the structured TON or plain paper (‘freestyle’ note taking) although participants in a control condition were not permitted to take notes. After watching the trial video, all participants reached an individual verdict and responded to cued recall questions concerning details of the trial.ResultsMock jurors using the TON to take notes correctly recorded significantly more legally relevant details during the trial and reported more correct information in the post‐trial recall task than participants who took unaided notes (or those who made no notes at all). TON participants also reported more relevant legal information correctly in the recall task and evaluated their experience of note taking more positively than those in the free note taking condition.ConclusionsThe findings are discussed in relation to differences in individual experience of taking notes and the benefits that may accrue from an innovative juror aid such as the Trial‐Ordered Notebook.
Tactical thieves: The process building to the criminal event
Authors: Kenny James F. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe process model presented here was developed as part of safety seminars to help participants recognize criminal preferences and tactics.MethodThe assessing phase of the model identifies circumstances and target characteristics that thieves find favourable. The approaching phase identifies manipulative and deceptive tactics that thieves use to bait, distract, and control their targets.ResultTheft is often the end result of a dynamic set of highly visible, purposeful, and progressively aggressive interactions between criminals and their targets.ConclusionWhile many thieves are highly skilled, individuals can reduce their risk of selection by limiting criminal opportunity and accessibility. Those targets that identify and respond promptly and effectively to criminal approaches may cause the thieves to withdraw.
Validity of anthropometric measurements to assess body composition, including muscle mass, in 3‐year‐old children from the SKOT cohort
Authors: Jensen Signe M. , Mølgaard Christian , Ejlerskov Katrine T. , Christensen Line B. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Briend André 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNutritional status of children is commonly assessed by anthropometry both in under and overnutrition. The link between anthropometry and body fat, the body compartment most affected by overnutrition, is well known, but the link with muscle mass, the body compartment most depleted in undernutrition, associated with infections, remains unknown. In this study, we examined the relationship between common anthropometric indices and body composition measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a sample of 121 healthy 3‐year‐old Danish children. Appendicular (arms and legs) lean mass was used to estimate muscle mass. Overall, anthropometric measures were more effective to measure absolute size of fat, lean and muscle mass than their relative sizes. Proportion of the variance explained by anthropometry was 79% for lean mass, 76% for fat mass and 74% for muscle mass. For fat mass and lean mass expressed as percentage of total body mass, this proportion was 51% and 66%, respectively; and for muscle mass as percentage of lean mass it was 34%. All the best reduced multivariate models included weight, skinfold and gender except the model estimating the proportion of muscle mass in lean body mass, which included only mid‐upper arm circumference and subscapular skinfold. The power of height in the weight‐to‐height ratio to determine fat mass proportion was 1.71 with a 95% confidence interval (0.83–2.60) including the value of 2 used in body mass index (BMI). Limitations of anthropometry to assess body composition, and especially for muscle mass as a proportion of lean mass, should be acknowledged.
Achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality in rural Africa: an experience from Burundi
Authors: Tayler‐Smith K. , Zachariah R. , Manzi M. , Van den Boogaard W. , Nyandwi G. , Reid T. , Van den Bergh R. , De Plecker E. , Lambert V. , Nicolai M. , Goetghebuer S. , Christaens B. , Ndelema B. , Kabangu A. , Manirampa J. , Harries A. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the reduction in maternal mortality associated with the emergency obstetric care provided by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and to compare this to the fifth Millennium Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality.MethodsThe impact of MSF's intervention was approximated by estimating how many deaths were averted among women transferred to and treated at MSF's emergency obstetric care facility in Kabezi, Burundi, with a severe acute maternal morbidity. Using this estimate, the resulting theoretical maternal mortality ratio in Kabezi was calculated and compared to the Millennium Development Goal for Burundi.ResultsIn 2011, 1385 women from Kabezi were transferred to the MSF facility, of whom 55% had a severe acute maternal morbidity. We estimated that the MSF intervention averted 74% (range 55–99%) of maternal deaths in Kabezi district, equating to a district maternal mortality rate of 208 (range 8–360) deaths/100 000 live births. This lies very near to the 2015 MDG 5 target for Burundi (285 deaths/100 000 live births).ConclusionProvision of quality emergency obstetric care combined with a functional patient transfer system can be associated with a rapid and substantial reduction in maternal mortality, and may thus be a possible way to achieve Millennium Development Goal 5 in rural Africa.
Responses of glomus cells to hypoxia and acidosis are uncoupled, reciprocal and linked to ASIC3 expression: selectivity of chemosensory transduction
Authors: Lu Yongjun , Whiteis Carol A. , Sluka Kathleen A. , Chapleau Mark W. , Abboud François M. 
Published: November 2012

Key points
Carotid body glomus cells are activated by hypoxia and acidosis, but their capacity to differentiate between the two has been undefined.
This is the first work to quantify a differential sensory transduction of hypoxia and acidosis with reciprocal responses in individual glomus cells.
Cytoplasmic [Ca2+] in clusters of glomus cells indicates 68% of glomus cells respond to both hypoxia and acidosis but are selectively more sensitive to one or the other; the rest respond to either hypoxia (19%) or acidosis (13%).
This uncoupling/reciprocal response was recapitulated in a mouse model by genetically altering the expression of ASIC3, an acid‐sensing ion channel that we had identified in earlier studies as a mediator of pH sensitivity in carotid body.
We speculate that selective sensory transduction of glomus cells to either hypoxia or acidosis may result in activation of afferents preferentially more sensitive to hypoxia or acidosis, perhaps evoking more specific autonomic adjustments to each stimulus.
Abstract  Carotid body glomus cells are the primary sites of chemotransduction of hypoxaemia and acidosis in peripheral arterial chemoreceptors. They exhibit pronounced morphological heterogeneity. A quantitative assessment of their functional capacity to differentiate between these two major chemical signals has remained undefined. We tested the hypothesis that there is a differential sensory transduction of hypoxia and acidosis at the level of glomus cells. We measured cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in individual glomus cells, isolated in clusters from rat carotid bodies, in response to hypoxia ( mmHg) and to acidosis at pH 6.8. More than two‐thirds (68%) were sensitive to both hypoxia and acidosis, 19% were exclusively sensitive to hypoxia and 13% exclusively sensitive to acidosis. Those sensitive to both revealed significant preferential sensitivity to either hypoxia or to acidosis. This uncoupling and reciprocity was recapitulated in a mouse model by altering the expression of the acid‐sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) which we had identified earlier in glomus cells. Increased expression of ASIC3 in transgenic mice increased pH sensitivity while reducing cyanide sensitivity. Conversely, deletion of ASIC3 in the knockout mouse reduced pH sensitivity while the relative sensitivity to cyanide or to hypoxia was increased. In this work, we quantify functional differences among glomus cells and show reciprocal sensitivity to acidosis and hypoxia in most glomus cells. We speculate that this selective chemotransduction of glomus cells by either stimulus may result in the activation of different afferents that are preferentially more sensitive to either hypoxia or acidosis, and thus may evoke different and more specific autonomic adjustments to either stimulus.
Health literacy, health empowerment and health information search in the field of MMR vaccination: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Diviani Nicola , Camerini Anne-Linda , Reinholz Danuta , Galfetti Alessandra , Schulz Peter J 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesAlthough public health offices have a detailed record of the vaccination coverage among adolescents in Switzerland, little is known about the factors that determine the decisions of parents to get their children vaccinated. Based on Schulz & Nakamoto's Extended Health Empowerment Model, the present study aims at surveying parents of adolescents in Ticino (Switzerland) to get insights into the role of health literacy, health empowerment, information search behaviour and potential confounding variables that influence whether adolescents are not at all vaccinated, undervaccinated or fully covered against measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).Methods and analysisA survey including concepts of the Extended Health Empowerment Model will be administered to all families with adolescents attending the third year of middle school in Ticino. Subsequently, survey responses will be matched with actual data on MMR vaccination coverage of adolescents collected from the Cantonal Office of Public Health in Ticino.DiscussionThe results of this study will allow one to draw more comprehensive conclusions about the factors that play a role in parents’ decisions regarding the vaccination of their children. At the same time, the study will provide useful insights on which are the main issues to be considered when addressing parents (on an interpersonal as well as a mass communication level) regarding the vaccination of their children.
National HIV prevalence estimates for sub-Saharan Africa: controlling selection bias with Heckman-type selection models
Authors: Hogan Daniel R , Salomon Joshua A , Canning David , Hammitt James K , Zaslavsky Alan M , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesPopulation-based HIV testing surveys have become central to deriving estimates of national HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. However, limited participation in these surveys can lead to selection bias. We control for selection bias in national HIV prevalence estimates using a novel approach, which unlike conventional imputation can account for selection on unobserved factors.MethodsFor 12 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2001 to 2009 (N=138 300), we predict HIV status among those missing a valid HIV test with Heckman-type selection models, which allow for correlation between infection status and participation in survey HIV testing. We compare these estimates with conventional ones and introduce a simulation procedure that incorporates regression model parameter uncertainty into confidence intervals.ResultsSelection model point estimates of national HIV prevalence were greater than unadjusted estimates for 10 of 12 surveys for men and 11 of 12 surveys for women, and were also greater than the majority of estimates obtained from conventional imputation, with significantly higher HIV prevalence estimates for men in Cote d'Ivoire 2005, Mali 2006 and Zambia 2007. Accounting for selective non-participation yielded 95% confidence intervals around HIV prevalence estimates that are wider than those obtained with conventional imputation by an average factor of 4.5.ConclusionsOur analysis indicates that national HIV prevalence estimates for many countries in sub-Saharan African are more uncertain than previously thought, and may be underestimated in several cases, underscoring the need for increasing participation in HIV surveys. Heckman-type selection models should be included in the set of tools used for routine estimation of HIV prevalence.