bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jouer ensemble : une mutation des pratiques orchestrales dans la première moitié du 19e siècle
Authors: Campos Rémy 
Published: October 2012

Contrairement aux évidences, le jeu instrumental d’ensemble n’a pas toujours consisté à obtenir des musiciens une synchronisation absolue. Jusqu’au milieu du 19e siècle, les orchestres se contentaient d’une coordination plus approximative comme on le constate en étudiant les anciennes manières de travailler. La synchronisation parfaite du jeu n’a été obtenue qu’au prix d’une double transformation des techniques de répétition et de l’idéal d’exécution des oeuvres. Ainsi en quelques décennies, une conception très littérale de la lecture musicale remplace une approche plus souple qui était fondée sur la compétence des individus à manier les règles de l’art oratoire.
Du Nagra au caméscope : questions de synchronisation image/son
Authors: Bouchard Vincent 
Published: October 2012

Partant du postulat du glissement progressif des dispositifs cinématographiques vers un paradigme électrique, l’auteur questionne l’impact de l’enregistrement synchrone filmique et vidéo sur nos conceptions de la technique audiovisuelle. Utilisant plusieurs exemples provenant en particulier du fonds de l’ONF, l’article décrit les difficultés liées à l’établissement d’une synchronisation son/image fiable au cinéma, pour ensuite analyser les principales différences esthétiques induites par l’utilisation des deux supports (pellicule et bande magnétique). L’asservissement de l’image et du son étant une donnée « ontologique » du medium vidéo, la désynchronisation devient un choix esthétique produisant un changement dans la perception de la temporalité des images et des sons.
L’archi-road movie, ou le routage des sens
Authors: Szendy Peter 
Published: October 2012

Chaque film est l’ouverture, le frayage d’un monde (de ce que Jean-Luc Nancy a pu appeler un cinémonde). Et d’un tel frayage, la route et le road movie sont plus que la figure ou la métaphore : ils en sont le schème moteur. Dès lors, la question de la synchronisation audiovisuelle se trouve déplacée : elle se reformule comme celle du routage, chaque fois singulier, des sens et de leur accrochage en tel ou tel point où leurs voies se touchent. C’est ce que l’on appelle ici, respectivement pour l’oeil et l’oreille, l’optoroute et l’otoroute cinématiques, dont on recense et décrit les tracés dans nombre de films, notamment Blow Out (Brian De Palma, 1981), Lost Highway (David Lynch, 1997) et Death Proof (Quentin Tarantino, 2007).
Speaker identification under background noise using features extracted from steady vowel regions
Authors: Vuppala Anil Kumar , Rao K. Sreenivasa 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we are exploring features extracted from steady vowel segments for improving the performance of speaker identification system under background noise. Steady vowel regions are produced by periodic impulse‐like excitation and they contain relatively high signal energy. Hence, speaker specific information present in steady vowel regions may be less affected by the noise. In this work, steady vowel regions are determined by using the knowledge of accurate vowel onset points and epochs. Speaker identification studies are carried out using TIMIT database for white and vehicle noises. Universal background model–Gaussian mixture model‐based modeling is explored for developing speaker models. Significant improvement in the performance of speaker identification is observed by using features extracted from steady vowel region in presence of noisy environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A noise‐constrained algorithm for estimation over distributed networks
Authors: Bin Saeed Muhammad O. , Zerguine Azzedine , Zummo Salam A. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYMuch research has been devoted recently to the development of algorithms to utilize the distributed structure of an ad hoc wireless sensor network for the estimation of a certain parameter of interest. A successful solution is the algorithm called the diffusion least mean squares algorithm. The algorithm estimates the parameter of interest by employing cooperation between neighboring sensor nodes within the network. The present work derives a new algorithm by using the noise constraint that is based on and improves the diffusion least mean squares algorithm. In this work, first the derivation of the noise constraint‐based algorithm is given. Second, detailed convergence and steady‐state analyses are carried out, including analyses for the case where there is mismatch in the noise variance estimate. Finally, extensive simulations are carried out to test the robustness of the proposed algorithm under different scenarios, especially the mismatch scenario. Moreover, the simulation results are found to corroborate the theoretical results very well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field and laboratory methods in human milk research
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. , Aiello Marco O. , Fujita Masako , Hinde Katie , Milligan Lauren , Quinn E.A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHuman milk is a complex and variable fluid of increasing interest to human biologists who study nutrition and health. The collection and analysis of human milk poses many practical and ethical challenges to field workers, who must balance both appropriate methodology with the needs of participating mothers and infants and logistical challenges to collection and analysis. In this review, we address various collection methods, volume measurements, and ethical considerations and make recommendations for field researchers. We also review frequently used methods for the analysis of fat, protein, sugars/lactose, and specific biomarkers in human milk. Finally, we address new technologies in human milk research, the MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer and dried milk spots, which will improve the ability of human biologists and anthropologists to study human milk in field settings. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of hydrogel–nanosilver composites based on copolymers from sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate
Authors: Valle Hernán , Rivas Bernabé L. , Aguilar María R. , Román Julio San 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHydrogel–nanosilver composites based on copolymers from sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) were prepared. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, or nanosilver) were synthesized in aqueous media using citrate trisodium as stabilizing agent. The hydrogels were obtained by radical copolymerization of the monomers acrylamide (AAm)/AMPS and N‐vinylpyrrolidone(VP)/AMPS in the molar ratio [1 : 1], using 3 and 6 mol % of N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking reagent. The distribution of the monomers in both copolymers showed a tendency to moderately alternate because the product of their reactivity ratios was near to zero. The hydrogels were immersed in the colloidal dispersion of AgNPs, which generated hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid groups that cover the surface of the AgNPs and the pendant amide groups of the copolymers. The formation of the hydrogen bond was confirmed using solid‐state 1H NMR. The hydrogel–nanosilver composites with a lower percentage of MBA retained more silver. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Homogeneous acetylation of chitosan in ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhou Shuai , Wang Bo , Xu Feng , Sun Runcang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHomogeneous acetylation of chitosan was carried out with acetyl chloride in 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidozolium chloride (AmimCl) ionic liquid. The dissolution process of chitosan in AmimCl was observed by polarized optical microscopy. The optimal reaction conditions were achieved by screening the effect of temperature, reaction time, and acylating reagents on recovery yield of acetylated chitosan and degree of substitution, which was determined by infrared (IR) spectra analysis using baseline method. The acetylated chitosan could be separated easily by water precipitation followed by filtration. The acetylation process was further confirmed by IR spectra and scanning electron microscopy, and the crystal structure was changed after the acetylation detected by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. Compared with traditional acetylation of chitosan, the homogeneous system, mild conditions, and simply workup make this methodology more accessible to the demand of sustainable green biomass chemistry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Open label, randomized, crossover pilot trial of high‐resolution, relational, resonance‐based, electroencephalic mirroring to relieve insomnia
Authors: Tegeler Charles H. , Kumar Sandhya R. , Conklin Dave , Lee Sung W. , Gerdes Lee , Turner Dana P. , Tegeler Catherine L. , C. Fidali Brian , Houle Tim T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEffective noninvasive interventions for insomnia are needed. High‐resolution, relational, resonance‐based, electroencephalic mirroring (HIRREM™) is a noninvasive, electroencephalography (EEG)‐based method to facilitate greater client‐unique, autocalibrated improvements of balance and harmony in cortical neural oscillations. This study explores using HIRREM for insomnia. Twenty subjects, with an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score of ≥15 (14 women, mean age 45.4, mean ISI 18.6), were enrolled in this randomized, unblinded, wait‐list control, crossover, superiority study. Subjects were randomized to receive 8–12 HIRREM sessions over 3 weeks, plus usual care (HUC), or usual care alone (UC). Pre‐ and post‐HIRREM data collection included ISI (primary outcome), and many secondary, exploratory measures (CES‐D, SF‐36, HR, BP, neurocognitive testing, and VAS scales). The UC group later crossed over to receive HIRREM. ISI was also repeated 4–6 weeks post‐HIRREM. All subjects completed the primary intervention period. Analysis for differential change of ISI in the initial intervention period for HUC versus UC showed a drop of 10.3 points (95% CI: −13.7 to −6.9, P < 0.0001, standardized effect size of 2.68). Key secondary outcomes included statistically identical differential change for the crossed‐over UC group, and persistence of the effect on the ISI up to > 4 weeks post‐HIRREM. Differential change in the HUC group was also statistically significant for CES‐D (−8.8, 95% CI: −17.5 to −0.1, P = 0.047), but other exploratory outcomes were not statistically significant. For all receiving HIRREM (n = 19), decreased high‐frequency total power was seen in the bilateral temporal lobes. No adverse events were seen. This pilot clinical trial, the first using HIRREM as an intervention, suggests that HIRREM is feasible and effective for individuals having moderate‐to‐severe insomnia, with clinically relevant, statistically significant benefits based on differential change in the ISI. Effects persisted for 4 weeks after completion of HIRREM. Larger controlled clinical trials are warranted.
Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones using Novel Manganese Oxide and Platinum Supported on Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves as Catalysts
Authors: Manyar Haresh G. , Yang Bo , Daly Helen , Moor Helen , McMonagle Stephen , Tao Yu , Yadav Ganapati D. , Goguet Alexandre , Hu P. , Hardacre Christopher 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones has been studied using ketoisophorone and cinnamaldehyde as model substrates using manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve (OMS‐2) based catalysts. For the first time, OMS‐2 has been shown to be an efficient and selective hydrogenation catalyst. High selectivities for either the CC or CO double bond at ≈100 % conversion were achieved by using OMS‐2 and platinum supported on OMS‐2 catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the dissociation of H2 on OMS‐2 was water assisted and occurred on the surface Mn of OMS‐2(0 0 1) that had been modified by an adsorbed H2O molecule. The theoretically calculated activation barrier was in good agreement with the experimentally determined value for the hydrogenation reactions, indicating that H2 dissociation on OMS‐2 is likely to be the rate‐determining step. A significant increase in the rate of reaction was observed in the presence of Pt as a result of the enhancement of H2 dissociative adsorption and subsequent reaction on the Pt or spillover of the hydrogen to the OMS‐2 support. The relative adsorption strengths of ketoisophorone and cinnamaldehyde on the OMS‐2 support compared with the Pt were found to determine the product selectivity.
Stereochemical Studies on Ovatoxin‐a
Authors: Ciminiello Patrizia , Dell'Aversano Carmela , Dello Iacovo Emma , Fattorusso Ernesto , Forino Martino , Grauso Laura , Tartaglione Luciana 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOvatoxin‐a is the main toxin produced by Ostreopsis ovata, a benthic dinoflagellate that has bloomed massively across the Mediterranean basin over the past years, inflicting both human and environmental suffering. Ovatoxin‐a has recently been isolated from cultures of O. ovata and structurally identified as an analogue of palytoxin: in comparison with palytoxin, ovatoxin‐a lacks three hydroxy groups at the 17‐, 44‐ and 64‐positions, but features an extra hydroxy functionality at the 42‐position. Herein we report on the NMR‐based elucidation of the stereochemistry of ovatoxin‐a, which includes 7 stereogenic double bonds and 62 asymmetric carbon atoms. Understanding the full stereochemistry of ovatoxin‐a is a step towards the elucidation of its mechanism of action on a molecular level.
Synthesis and Characterization of New 5‐Linked Pinoresinol Lignin Models
Authors: Yue Fengxia , Lu Fachuang , Sun Runcang , Ralph John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPinoresinol structures, featuring a β‐β′‐linkage between lignin monomer units, are important in softwood lignins and in dicots and monocots, particularly those that are downregulated in syringyl‐specific genes. Although readily detected by NMR spectroscopy, pinoresinol structures largely escaped detection by β‐ether‐cleaving degradation analyses presumably due to the presence of the linkages at the 5 positions, in 5‐5′‐ or 5‐O‐4′‐structures. In this study, which is aimed at helping better understand 5‐linked pinoresinol structures by providing the required data for NMR characterization, new lignin model compounds were synthesized through biomimetic peroxidase‐mediated oxidative coupling reactions between pre‐formed (free‐phenolic) coniferyl alcohol 5‐5′‐ or 5‐O‐4′‐linked dimers and a coniferyl alcohol monomer. It was found that such dimers containing free‐phenolic coniferyl alcohol moieties can cross‐couple with the coniferyl alcohol producing pinoresinol‐containing trimers (and higher oligomers) in addition to other homo‐ and cross‐coupled products. Eight new lignin model compounds were obtained and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and one tentatively identified cross‐coupled β‐O‐4′‐product was formed from a coniferyl alcohol 5‐O‐4′‐linked dimer. It was demonstrated that the 5‐5′‐ and 5‐O‐4′‐linked pinoresinol structures could be readily differentiated by using heteronuclear multiple‐bond correlation (HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. With appropriate modification (etherification or acetylation) to the newly obtained model compounds, it would be possible to identify the 5‐5′‐ or 5‐O‐4′‐linked pinoresinol structures in softwood lignins by 2D HMBC NMR spectroscopic methods. Identification of the cross‐coupled dibenzodioxocin from a coniferyl alcohol 5‐5′‐linked moiety suggested that thioacidolysis or derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) could be used to detect and identify whether the coniferyl alcohol itself undergoes 5‐5′‐cross‐linking during lignification.
Studies on the Amination of Aryl Chlorides with a Monoligated Palladium Catalyst: Kinetic Evidence for a Cooperative Mechanism
Authors: Jimeno Ciril , Christmann Ute , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Vilar Ramon , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCombined spectroscopic, crystallographic, and kinetic studies of the mechanism of aromatic amination with the efficient dinuclear Pd precatalyst [Pd2Cl(μ‐Cl)PtBu2(Bph‐Me)] (Bph‐Me=2′‐methyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl) have revealed overlapping, yet cooperative, mechanistic scenarios, the relative weights of which are strongly influenced by the products formed as the reaction proceeds. The stability and evolution of the precatalyst in solution has been studied and several metalation pathways that point to a single monoligated intermediate have been identified. Our work sheds light on the nature of the catalytic species involved in the process and on the structure of the corresponding catalytic network.
Cytochrome P450 119 Compounds I Formed by Chemical Oxidation and Photooxidation Are the Same Species
Authors: Su Zhi , Horner John H. , Newcomb Martin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCompound I from cytochrome P450 119 prepared by the photooxidation method involving peroxynitrite oxidation of the resting enzyme to Compound II followed by photooxidation to Compound I was compared to Compound I generated by m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) oxidation of the resting enzyme. The two methods gave the same UV/Visible spectra, the same products from oxidations of lauric acid and palmitic acid and their (ω‐2,ω‐2,ω‐3,ω‐3)‐tetradeuterated analogues, and the same kinetics for oxidations of lauric acid and caprylic acid. The experimental identities between the transients produced by the two methods leave no doubt that the same Compound I species is formed by the two methods.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3‐Oxoglutaric Acid Derivatives: A Study of Unconventional Solvent and Substituent Effects
Authors: Li Wanfang , Tao Xiaoming , Ma Xin , Fan Weizheng , Li Xiaoming , Zhao Mengmeng , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA series of 3‐oxoglutaric acid derivatives have been hydrogenated in different solvents in the presence of [RuCl(benzene)(S)‐SunPhos]Cl (SunPhos=(2,2,2′,2′‐tetramethyl‐[4,4′‐bibenzo[d][1,3]dioxole]‐5,5′‐diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine)). Unlike simple β‐keto acid derivatives, these advanced analogues can be readily hydrogenated in uncommon solvents such as THF, CH2Cl2, acetone, and dioxane with high enantioselectivities. Two possible catalytic cycles have been proposed to explain the different reactivities of these 1,3,5‐tricarbonyl substrates in the tested solvents. The C‐2 and C‐4 substituents had notable but irregular influence on the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the reactions. More pronounced solvent effects were observed: the ee values increased from around 20 % in EtOH or THF to 90 % in acetone. Inversion of the product configuration was observed when the solvent was changed from EtOH to THF or acetone, and a mixed solvent system can lead to better enantioselectivity than a single solvent.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Decarbonylation of Primary Alcohols with the Liberation of Syngas
Authors: Olsen Esben P. K. , Madsen Robert 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new iridium‐catalyzed reaction in which molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide are cleaved from primary alcohols in the absence of any stoichiometric additives has been developed. The dehydrogenative decarbonylation was achieved with a catalyst generated in situ from [Ir(coe)2Cl]2 (coe=cyclooctene) and racemic 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (rac‐BINAP) in a mesitylene solution saturated with water. A catalytic amount of lithium chloride was also added to improve the catalyst turnover. The reaction has been applied to a variety of primary alcohols and gives rise to products in good to excellent yields. Ethers, esters, imides, and aryl halides are stable under the reaction conditions, whereas olefins are partially saturated. The reaction is believed to proceed by two consecutive organometallic transformations that are catalyzed by the same iridium(I)–BINAP species. First, dehydrogenation of the primary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde takes place, which is then followed by decarbonylation to the product with one less carbon atom.
Enzyme–Substrate Complementarity Governs Access to a Cationic Reaction Manifold in the P450BM3‐Catalysed Oxidation of Cyclopropyl Fatty Acids
Authors: Cryle Max J. , Hayes Patricia Y. , De Voss James J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe products of cytochrome P450BM3‐catalysed oxidation of cyclopropyl‐containing dodecanoic acids are consistent with the presence of a cationic reaction intermediate, which results in efficient dehydrogenation of the rearranged probes by the enzyme. These results highlight the importance of enzyme–substrate complementarity, with a cationic intermediate occurring only when the probes used begin to diverge from ideal substrates for this enzyme. This also aids in reconciling literature reports supporting the presence of cationic intermediates with certain cytochrome P450 enzyme/substrate pairs.
Characterization of Telmisartan‐Derived PPARγ Agonists: Importance of Moiety Shift from Position 6 to 5 on Potency, Efficacy and Cofactor Recruitment
Authors: Herbst Lena , Goebel Matthias , Bandholtz Sebastian , Gust Ronald , Kintscher Ulrich 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSelective modulation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by direct binding of small molecules demonstrates a promising tool for treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Besides its blood pressure‐lowering properties, the AT1‐receptor blocker telmisartan has been shown to be a partial agonist of PPARγ with beneficial metabolic effects in vitro and in mice. In our previous work, comprehensive structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies discussed the different parts of the telmisartan structure and various moieties. Based on these findings, we designed and synthesized new PPARγ ligands with a benzimidazole (agonists 4‐5 and 4‐6), benzothiophene (agonists 5‐5 and 5‐6) or benzofuran (agonists 6‐5 and 6‐6) moiety either at position 5 or 6 of the benzimidazole core structure. Lipophilicity and EC50 values were improved for all new compounds compared with telmisartan. Regarding PPARγ activation, the compounds were characterized by a differentiation assay using 3T3‐L1 cells and a luciferase assay with COS‐7 cells transiently transfected with pGal4‐hPPARgDEF, pGal5‐TK‐pGL3 and pRL‐CMV. A decrease in both potency and efficacy was observed after the shift of either the benzothiophene or the benzofuran moiety from position 6 to position 5. Selective recruitment of the coactivators TRAP220, SRC‐1 and PGC‐1α, and release of corepressor NCoR1 determined by time‐resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR‐FRET) was detected depending on residues in position 5 or 6.
3D Coordination Polymer of [HW7O24]5– Stabilized by a Copper(II) Complex and Sodium Cations: Structure, Solid‐State Stability, and Aqueous Solution Behavior
Authors: Wang Xin‐Fang , Cao Jie , Huang Kun‐Lin , Xu Yan‐Qing , Chi Ying‐Nan , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCompound Na[Cu(en)2]2[HW7O24]·5H2O (1, en = ethanediamine), as the first example of a heptatungstate polymer, has been synthesized in H2O/dmso and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, UV/Vis, and ESI‐MS. The [HW7O24]5– cluster in 1, as an inorganic hexadentate ligand, coordinates to two Na+ and four [Cu(en)2]2+ cations to construct a 3D extended structure. The solid‐state stability of 1 at room temperature was proven by X‐ray powder diffraction and digital camera techniques. The electrospray mass spectra suggest that most of the [HW7O24]5– dissociates into relatively more stable [W6O19]2– species in aqueous solution because the coordination bonds around the [HW7O24]5– anions are broken by the solvation effect of water on the the copper cation. These results demonstrate that a transition‐metal‐complex cation plays an important role in the isolation and stabilization of a highly charged polyoxometalate anion.