bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentingnya Manajemen Gereja terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Tangdiseru Yesda 
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to provide an understanding that church management is needed by the church to carry out the wheels of service and carry out God's great commission. The church should not be closed with management that is considered worldly patterns that will interfere with church services and limit the Holy Spirit. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The author collects data from various literature such as journals, books, articles, Bibles, and other library sources and then synthesizes them into meaningful paragraphs to provide solutions for solving the problems at hand. The result obtained is that management is a planning method that has existed since Allah created the heavens, the earth, and everything in it. That God also gives lessons for humans, for his church to implement management because God himself is one of the best examples of managers in carrying out His works, from the creation of creation to the work of the plan of human salvation. The Bible also gives many examples of Bible characters in their lifetime and leadership, they apply management patterns. Therefore, the church also needs to implement management based on God's word, which can be called church management. AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman bahwa manajemen gereja sangat diperlukan oleh gereja untuk menjalankan roda pelayanan dan melaksanakan amanat agung Tuhan. Gereja tidak boleh tertutup dengan manajemen yang dianggap sebagai pola-pola duniawi yang akan mengganggu pelayanan gereja dan membatasi Roh Kudus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Penulis melakukan pengumpulan data dari berbagai literatur seperti jurnal, buku, artikel, Alkitab, dan sumber pustaka lainnya kemudian disintesis menjadi paragraf yang mengandung makna untuk memberikan solusi bagi pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa manajemen adalah sebuah metode perencanaan yang sudah ada semenjak Allah menciptakan langit, bumi dan segala isinya. Bahwa Allah juga memberikan pelajaran bagi manusia, bagi gerejanya untuk menerapkan manajemen karena Allah sendiri adalah salah satu contoh manejer yang terbaik dalam melaksanakan karya-karyaNya, baik dari mulai karya penciptaan sampai kepada karya rencana keselamatan manusia. Alkitab juga banyak memberikan contoh tokoh-tokoh Alkitab dalam masa kehidupan dan kepemimpinan mereka, mereka menerapkan pola manajemen. Oleh sebab itu, gereja pun perlu menerapkan manajemen yang berlandaskan pada firman Tuhan, yang dapat disebut sebagai manajemen gereja.
Etika Kepemimpinan dalam Gereja sebagai Role Model Keberhasilan Menata Organisasi
Authors: Nainggolan Sarman Parhusip , Tamibaha Ribkah Femmy 
Published: July 2024

The leader is the skipper and the organization's driver. The future or fate of the organization depends on its leaders. The organization will be safe if the leader is an accomplished and wise person. Therefore, the leadership style in an organization also affects the climate of communication and coordination within the organization. In turn, it also impacts the participation of its members in advancing the organization. In this article, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to discover how to organize a thriving organization by having ethical leaders who become role mode in church leadership. The results of this study indicate that leadership ethics must be owned by a leader so that his administration can run effectively and efficiently to achieve common goals that have been determined according to the norms and values that apply. In preparing for future leadership, the church must develop its leadership by educating and preparing leaders for the church's future in the coming days. AbstrakPemimpin merupakan nakhoda, dialah supir organisasi. Masa depan atau nasib organisasi tergantung pada pemimpinnya. Kalau pemimpinnya seorang yang ulung dan berhikmat, selamatlah organisasinya. Oleh karena itu, gaya kepemimpinan dalam suatu organisasi mempengaruhi pula iklim komunikasi dan kordinasi dalam organisasi itu. Pada gilirannya, berdampak juga pada peran serta anggotanya dalam memajukan organisasi. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka untuk menemukan bagaimana menata organisasi yang berhasil dengan memiliki pemimpin beretika yang menjadi role mode dalam kepemimpinan gereja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Etika kepemimpinan harus dimiliki oleh seorang pemimpin agar kepemimpinannya dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien untuk mencapai tujuan bersama yang telah ditentukan sesuai norma dan nilai yang berlaku. Dalam mempersiapkan kepemimpinan masa depan gereja harus mengembangkan kepemimpinanya dengan mendidik dan mempersiapkan pemimpin untuk masa depan gereja dihari mendatang.
De Onde Menos se Espera: A Disciplina do Terror em Lygia Fagundes Telles
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel 
Published: July 2024

RESUMO: Este ensaio considera a função do género do fantástico e de terror nas obras de ficção, crónica e pseudo-memórias de Lygia Fagundes Telles. Propõe a hipótese de utilizar a escritora um regime de incerteza e de recusa de verdade interpretativa como instrumentos de desestabilizacão de pre-supostas normas nas relações humanas, dando antes lugar ao desconhecido e ao pavor existencial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lygia Fagundes Telles/ fantástico/ terror/ incerteza
ABSTRACT: This essay explores the use of the genre of the fantastic and of terror as a recurring trope in the works of fiction and to a lesser extent the chronicles and would-be memorialistic writing of Lygia Fagundes Telles. It argues that the rule of uncertainty and the withholding from the reader of the possibility of interpretative truth is the tool whereby pre-supposed normality in human, familial and social relations gives way to the fearful unknown.
KEYWORDS: Lygia Fagundes Telles/fantastic/terror/uncertainty
Os homens da boa pena e os manuscritos iluminados na Capitania de Minas Gerais no século XVIII
Authors: Almada Márcia 
Published: July 2024

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta o trabalho de cinco calígrafos e pintores de manuscritos que atuaram na Capitania de Minas Gerais entre o início do século XVIII e a passagem para o século XIX, percorrendo diversas localidades para atender às demandas de irmandades de leigos na elaboração de seus estatutos. Suas obras são registros da permanência da arte da iluminura na época moderna, que assumiu significados diversos daqueles vigentes no período medieval, tornando a ornamentação de documentos parte do discurso que envolvia as práticas de corte e de administração pública. Os motivos decorativos usados por estes calígrafos e pintores igualmente testemunham que a Capitania de Minas Gerais não estava isolada do gosto e das técnicas que se propaga-vam mundialmente.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: manuscritos; caligrafia; pintura; século XVIII
ABSTRACT: This article presents the work of five calligraphers and manuscript painters that worked in the Captaincy of Minas Gerais between the early eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century, covering various locations to meet the demands of tradesmans’ brotherhoods in the manufacture of their statutes. Their works are records of the permanence of illuminated manuscript art in the modern era, with different meanings from those prevalent in the medieval period, making document ornamentation part of the discourse that involved court life and practices of public administration. The decorative motifs used by these calligraphers and painters also testify to how the Captaincy of Minas Gerais was not isolated from the tastes and techniques being propagated worldwide.
KEYWORDS: manuscripts; calligraphy; painting; eighteenth century
Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties of bael fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Garg Deepak , Sharma Amit , Pragi  , Kumar Varun 
Published: July 2024

Background: Bael is well-known for its antibacterial properties. Aqueous fruit extracts have also been shown to have hepatoprotective properties; the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective properties of Ethanolic extracts have not yet been tested. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Bael against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. Methods: Two dosages of Bael's Ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were compared with 100 mg/kg of silymarin. Histopathologic alterations of the liver and kidney, as well as biochemical blood parameters such as bilirubin, urea, uric acid, total protein and creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were examined and assessed. Results: Bael was more successful in lowering high levels of urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and ALP when he used a 200 mg/kg/day methanol extract. According to the histopathologic assessment, Bael lessened the CCl4-induced hepatic and renal necrosis. The more significant dose resulted in reductions in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and bilirubin of 45,25, 52,36, and 16%, respectively. Ethanolic extract 200 mg/kg/day also shows a reduction in elevated levels of Creatinine, Urea, Uric Acid, and Total Protein by 57%, 52%, 34%, and 9%, respectively. Conclusion: There were established hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of the Bael fruit methanol extract, with 200 mg/kg/day being the most beneficial dose. This provides scientific proof that medicinal herbs like Bael can be used to treat renal and liver diseases.
Peat Soil Stabilizer Using Plastic Waste
Authors: Nurul Syahira Izaty Abu Hassan  , Abang Hasbollah Dayang Zulaika , Nordiana Mohd Muztaza  , Yuliana Yuliana 
Published: July 2024

This paper shows the different in properties for peat soil and peat soil added with an increment of plastic waste (PET) Polyethylene Terephthalate type. The objective is to compare shear strength of the untreated and treated peat soil. There are four sample of soil use in this study. First, natural peat soil without additional of plastic bottle strips. Next, peat soil with an additional of 0.4% from the mass of soil, 0.5% plastic strip content and 0.6%of plastic bottle strips added to the peat soil. The stabilizer used are plastic bottles strip with 15mm x 15mm size with an increment of 0.4%,0.5% and 0.6%. the peat sample was retrieved from Mardi Pontian, Johor. The index properties of peat soil are obtained from the Atterberg Limit, Sieve Analysis and Loss of Ignition test. Standard Proctor compaction test result meet the objective of this research which is to determine the optimum value of Maximum Dry Density ad Optimum Moisture Content for the peat soil and the stabilized samples. The strength of treated and untreated samples has been determined by performing the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) at 0 day and 28 days curing. From the laboratory test, the peat soil has 250% natural moisture content and 77% organic content. The specific gravity was in range of 1.48-1.8. The value for liquid limit is 230 and plastic limit is neglected as for peat and highly inorganic soils the Atterberg limit is not suitable to be performed on this type of soil. The MDD is increase and OMC results in reverse, but there are increment in strength of peat soil with the addition of 0.6% plastic bottles strips. Based on this study, the optimum value for MDD and OMC is at 0.4% of plastic strips content and 0.6% for shear strength.
Criminology and the criminal justice system in the Russian Federation after socio-political transformation: Kryminologia i wymiar sprawiedliwości w Federacji Rosyjskiej po transformacji społeczno-politycznej
Authors: Yakov Gilinskiy  
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the stages of development of Russian criminology. Particular attention is paid to the modern stage, which began with the collapse of the USSR and the formation of the Russian Federation. Some of the most important findings of various studies are described. The article talks about the negative trends of recent times (since the mid-2000s). In addition, a brief critical description of contemporary Russian criminal justice is given. W artykule omówione zostały etapy rozwoju kryminologii rosyjskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dziejów najnowszych, zapoczątkowanych upadkiem ZSRR i powstaniem Federacji Rosyjskiej. W tekście przywołano wyniki kluczowych badań oraz omówiono występujące w ostatnich latach negatywne trendy w przestępczości (począwszy od połowy pierwszej dekady XXI wieku). Ponadto przedstawiono krótką analizę współczesnego rosyjskiego wymiaru sprawiedliwości.
Forced labour – well-hidden mechanisms of dependence and enslavement: Praca przymusowa – ukryte mechanizmy zależności i zniewolenia
Authors: Zbigniew Lasocik  
Published: July 2024

Forced labour is a social phenomenon which is difficult to comprehend and accept due to its exceptional nature. The existing legal definition is not very helpful. This article reflects on a different approach to understanding forced labour and a different operational definition of the phenomenon. The starting point is to look at forced labour from the perspective of social pragmatism and symbolic interactionism by referring to the humanistic coefficient, a concept developed one hundred years ago. Using the experience of Poland in unsuccessful attempts to deal with forced labour, but also referring to global experiences in that field, this article attempts to define the phenomenon in the context of work in general. The key question that arises here is this that if work is a noble and socially visible phenomenon, how is it then that forced labour is almost completely invisible, not only to people, but also to law enforcement? It is suggested in this text that forced labour, burdened with a strong social taboo, is hidden behind a façade of the nobility of labour. At the end of the article, there is a proposal for a new analytical scheme with which the phenomenon can be described in a completely different language than that of criminal justice. Praca przymusowa jest zjawiskiem społecznym, które ze względu na swój wyjątkowy charakter jest trudne do zrozumienia i zaakceptowania. Istniejąca definicja prawna nie jest szczególnie pomocna. W artykule przedstawione jest inne podejście do rozumienia pracy przymusowej oraz nieco inna, ale operacyjna definicja tego zjawiska. Punktem wyjścia jest spojrzenie na pracę przymusową z perspektywy społecznego pragmatyzmu i symbolicznego interakcjonizmu, odwołujące się do koncepcji współczynnika humanistycznego, wypracowanej sto lat temu. Patrząc na doświadczenia Polski, tzn. nieudane próby radzenia sobie z problemem pracy przymusowej, ale także na podobne doświadczenia w skali globalnej, podejmuję próbę zdefiniowania samego zjawiska – jako takiego, ale także w kontekście pracy w ogóle. Kluczowe pytanie, które się pojawia, brzmi: praca jest zjawiskiem szlachetnym i społecznie widocznym, więc jak to jest, że praca przymusowa jest tak mało widoczna dla ludzi, ale także dla organów ścigania? Stawiam tezę, że praca przymusowa, obciążona silnym społecznym tabu, skrywa się za fasadą pracy, jako zjawiska wyjątkowo godnego i szlachetnego. W końcowej części artykułu pojawia się propozycja nowego schematu analitycznego, który pozwoli opisać zjawisko pracy przymusowej, zupełnie innym językiem niż język wymiaru sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych, ale przed wszystkim, jako fenomen społeczny.
The Injury Mechanism of Achilles Tendon Rupture in Professional Athletes: A Video Analysis Study
Authors: Yüce Ali , Yerli Mustafa , Misir Abdulhamit 
Published: July 2024

Background: In professional athletes, Achilles tendon ruptures are devastating injuries, often resulting in season loss or decreased return to sports level. We aimed to perform a comprehensive video analysis to describe the mechanisms of Achilles tendon rupture as well as body posture in professional athletes. We hypothesized that Achilles tendon ruptures in professional athletes develop with a specific injury mechanism and that body posture at the time of injury varies by sport.
Methods: Of 114 identified Achilles tendon ruptures that occurred in professional athletes between 1970 and 2020, 42 with adequate video data were analyzed for injury mechanism, body posture, and player and sport characteristics by three independent reviewers.
Results: Mean ± SD age of the 42 athletes (41 men and 1 woman) was 28.4 ± 4.26 years. Eighteen athletes played basketball (42.9%), 14 football (33.3%), five soccer (11.9%), three baseball (7.1%), and two rugby (4.8%). Thirty-five patients (83.3%) had noncontact injuries. The most frequent months of injury were January (16.7%) and October (14.3%). During Achilles tendon rupture, the ankle was in dorsiflexion, the body was bent forward, the knee and hip were in extension, and the foot was in a neutral position. Most injuries occurred during take-off/acceleration (40.5%) or stop and turn (38.5%) maneuvers.
Conclusions: In professional athletes, the Achilles tendon most often ruptures during take-off/acceleration. The most common position during rupture is the trunk in flexion, the knee and hip in extension, and the ankle in dorsiflexion. This information can guide professional athletes in terms of physical therapy techniques, including neuromuscular training, proprioception, and balance training specific to preventing Achilles tendon rupture.
Does Short Foot Exercise Combined with Breathing Exercise Increase Muscular Activity in Individuals with Pes Planus?
Authors: Şahan Tezel Yıldırım , Soylu Çağlar , Turker Duygu , Atalay Emre Serdar , Demir Pervin , Yıldırım Necmiye Ün 
Published: July 2024

Background: Improvements in muscle oxygenation and exercise posture can significantly impact muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of combined breathing and exercise posture (sitting or standing) on the muscle activity of the foot and ankle during short foot exercises (SFE) in individuals with pes planus.
Methods: The study included 15 subjects aged 21.53 ± 1.06 years, diagnosed with pes planus. Short foot exercises were performed with and without breathing exercises (BE) in sitting and standing positions. Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and abductor hallucis longus (ABDH) muscles during four different SFE. Four-way repeated analyses of variance were used to assess the addition of BE to SFE and muscle activities of the foot and ankle.
Results: Muscle activity in the TA, PL, and ABDH was significantly higher in the SFE with BE than without BE in the standing position than in the sitting position. The SFE performed with BE when standing significantly increased the ABDH and ankle muscle activity compared to without BE.
Conclusions: SFE with BE may represent a new strengthening program for ABDH and PL foot muscles in rehabilitation programs for individuals with pes planus.
Antifungal Activity of Jatropha curcas Seed Extracts Analysed by GC-MS against Two Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Nadège Tchasep Wandji , Patrice Ngatsi Zemko , William Kuate Tueguem Nobert , Tize Tize , Thierry Atindo Songwe , Eric Ndongo Biyo’o , Laurence Ngata Ngadjui , Christian Gbaporo Gbaporo Fabrice , Bekolo Ndongo 
Published: July 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), native to Africa, is one of the most popular and widely grown seed legumes in arid and semi-arid areas. In these areas, fusarium wilt and white rots caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp. tracheiphilum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the most devastating pathogens of cowpea crops, causing losses of 50-100 %, respectively. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of biochemical compounds in Jatropha curcas L. seed extracts identified by GC-MS analysis against F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum. In vitro tests were carried out using aqueous, acetone and hexane extracts of J. curcas seeds at concentrations of 15, 30, 60 and 120 μL/mL and a synthetic fungicide (3.33 g/L). Mycelial growth and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC50) were assessed. As a result, J. curcas seed extracts are rich in phytochemical molecules such as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) ; n-Hexadecanoic acid ; Squalene ; D-Limonene ; 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methy and 1,3-Dioxane, 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl, with antifungal activity. Total inhibition (100%) of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum was obtained in Petri dishes contaminated with the aqueous and acetone extracts at concentrations C3=60 µL/mL and C4=120 µL/mL, as well as with the synthetic fungicide. The MIC50 obtained with isolates of S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum were 9.2 and 9.96 µL/mL with the aqueous extract, respectively followed by the acetone extract (12.96 and 14.97 µL/mL). All Jatropha curcas lethal extracts tested were fungistatic, but the synthetic fungicide was fungicidal. Bioformulation based on J. curcas and characterization of pathogen are needed.
Innovations in Thermal Management Techniques for Enhanced Performance and Reliability in Engineering Applications
Authors: Zhoghuo Yuhan , Alex Kian Hua 
Published: July 2024

Thermal management is a critical aspect of engineering applications, playing a pivotal role in enhancing performance and ensuring the reliability of various systems. This paper presents an overview of recent innovations and advancements in thermal management techniques aimed at addressing challenges associated with heat dissipation, thermal regulation, and temperature control in engineering applications. The importance of effective thermal management is highlighted in the context of emerging technologies such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, data centers, and electronic devices, where excessive heat generation can lead to performance degradation, component failure, and reduced operational lifespan. The abstract begins by emphasizing the significance of thermal management in engineering applications, emphasizing its role in improving performance and reliability. It discusses the challenges posed by heat generation and the need for innovative solutions to address thermal issues effectively. It hints at the diverse range of techniques to be covered, including passive and active cooling methods, phase change materials, thermal interface materials, and advanced heat exchangers. Furthermore, it suggests that the paper will explore how these techniques contribute to enhanced performance and reliability in engineering applications. In summary, this paper offers insights into the latest developments in thermal management, providing valuable information for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking to optimize thermal performance and ensure the reliability of their systems in diverse engineering applications.