bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the internalized stigma of smoking inventory: An exploration of shame, isolation, and discrimination in smokers with mental health diagnoses
Authors: Brown‐Johnson Cati G. , Cataldo Janine K. , Orozco Nicholas , Lisha Nadra E. , Hickman Norval J. , Prochaska Judith J. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesDe‐normalization of smoking as a public health strategy may create shame and isolation in vulnerable groups unable to quit. To examine the nature and impact of smoking stigma, we developed the Internalized Stigma of Smoking Inventory (ISSI), tested its validity and reliability, and explored factors that may contribute to smoking stigma.MethodsWe evaluated the ISSI in a sample of smokers with mental health diagnoses (N = 956), using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and assessed construct validity.ResultsResults reduced the ISSI to eight items with three subscales: smoking self‐stigma related to shame, felt stigma related to social isolation, and discrimination experiences. Discrimination was the most commonly endorsed of the three subscales. A multivariate generalized linear model predicted 21–30% of the variance in the smoking stigma subscales. Self‐stigma was greatest among those intending to quit; felt stigma was highest among those experiencing stigma in other domains, namely ethnicity and mental illness‐based; and smoking‐related discrimination was highest among women, Caucasians, and those with more education.Discussion and ConclusionSmoking stigma may compound stigma experiences in other areas. Aspects of smoking stigma in the domains of shame, isolation, and discrimination were related to modeled stigma responses, particularly readiness to quit and cigarette addiction, and were found to be more salient for groups where tobacco use is least prevalent.Scientific SignificanceThe ISSI measure is useful for quantifying smoking‐related stigma in multiple domains. (Am J Addict 2015;24:410 –418)
Equivalence of kernel machine regression and kernel distance covariance for multidimensional phenotype association studies
Authors: Hua Wen‐Yu , Ghosh Debashis 
Published: May 2015

SummaryAssociating genetic markers with a multidimensional phenotype is an important yet challenging problem. In this work, we establish the equivalence between two popular methods: kernel‐machine regression (KMR), and kernel distance covariance (KDC). KMR is a semiparametric regression framework that models covariate effects parametrically and genetic markers non‐parametrically, while KDC represents a class of methods that include distance covariance (DC) and Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC), which are nonparametric tests of independence. We show that the equivalence between the score test of KMR and the KDC statistic under certain conditions can lead to a novel generalization of the KDC test that incorporates covariates. Our contributions are 3‐fold: (1) establishing the equivalence between KMR and KDC; (2) showing that the principles of KMR can be applied to the interpretation of KDC; (3) the development of a broader class of KDC statistics, where the class members are statistics corresponding to different kernel combinations. Finally, we perform simulation studies and an analysis of real data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. The ADNI study suggest that SNPs of FLJ16124 exhibit pairwise interaction effects that are strongly correlated to the changes of brain region volumes.
Significance of Raised Flow Velocity in Basilar Artery in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Focal Stenosis, Coexistent Stenosis, and Collateral Flow
Authors: Zhong Jingxin , Chen Xiang‐Yan , Leung Thomas Wai Hong , Ou Aihua , Shi Xiaogeng , Cai Yefeng , Huang Yan , Wong Ka Sing 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIncreased cerebral blood flow velocity of basilar artery (BA) is common but often neglected. By using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to detect intracranial large artery stenosis, we performed transcranial Doppler (TCD) to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes of stroke patients.METHODSAcute stroke patients with TCD‐detected raised peak systolic velocity (PSV) in BA (≥100 cm/second) were recruited.RESULTSAmong 91 recruited patients, BA stenosis (>50%) was confirmed by using DSA in 29 patients (32%), among which 20 patients (70.0%) had coexistent internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) stenoses. Among patients without BA stenosis (n = 62, 68%), severe stenosis or occlusion of ICA was evaluated in 22 patients (22/62, 35.4%) and severe stenosis or occlusion of VA was detected in 22 patients (22/62, 35.4%). Among the values of PSV (120, 140, 160, and 180 cm/second) and the stenotic‐to‐prestenotic ratio (SPR) (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0), 160 cm/second was found to show the highest predictive value (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve: .75, 95% CI: .65‐.86), with a sensitivity of .70 and a specificity of .81.CONCLUSIONSApart from an intrinsic BA stenosis, high‐grade steno‐occlusion of ICA or VA may contribute a lot to induce an elevated flow velocity in BA. A higher value of cutoff point may increase the accuracy of diagnosing BA stenosis.
Evaluation of Early Reperfusion Criteria in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ozenne Brice , Cho Tae‐Hee , Mikkelsen Irene Klærke , Hermier Marc , Ribe Lars , Thomalla Götz , Pedraza Salvador , Baron Jean‐Claude , Roy Pascal , Berthezène Yves , Nighoghossian Norbert , Østergaard Leif , Maucort‐Boulch Delphine 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThough still debated, early reperfusion is increasingly used as a biomarker for clinical outcome. However, the lack of a standard definition hinders the assessment of reperfusion therapies and study comparisons. The objective was to determine the optimal early reperfusion criteria that predicts clinical outcome in ischemic stroke.METHODSEarly reperfusion was assessed voxel‐wise in 57 patients within 6 hours of symptom onset. The performance of the time to peak (TTP), the mean transit time (MTT), and the time to maximum of residue function (Tmax) at various delays thresholds in predicting the neurological response (based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) and the functional outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤1) at 1 month were compared. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis determined the optimal extent of reperfusion. A novel unsupervised classification of reperfusion using group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was evaluated.RESULTSMTT had a lower performance than TTP andTmaxin predicting the neurological response (P= .008 vs. TTP andP= .006 vs.Tmax) or the functional outcome (P= .0006 vs. TTP;P= .002 vs.Tmax). No delay threshold had a significantly higher predictive value than another. The optimal percentage of reperfusion was dependent on the outcome scale (P< .001). The GBTM‐based classification of reperfusion was closely associated with the clinical outcome and had a similar accuracy compared to ROC‐based classification.CONCLUSIONSTTP andTmaxshould be preferred to MTT in defining early reperfusion. GBTM provided a clinically relevant reperfusion classification that does not require prespecified delay thresholds or clinical outcomes.
Training of neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructors
Authors: Wada Masaki , Tamura Masanori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendations 2010 supported simulation‐based training for education in resuscitation. This approach has been introduced into neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (NCPR) courses in Japan, but no method for teaching instructors has been established. We developed a course for training instructors of NCPR, with inclusion of an instruction practice program. The goal of the study was to evaluate the performance of instructors who completed the course.MethodsBased on problems in the conventional instructor training course (old course 1), we developed and implemented a new course. Persons who had completed an NCPR course took the new course after developing two resuscitation scenarios. The new course included lectures and instruction practice, in which participants provided instruction using these scenarios. Instruction by participants was evaluated, and knowledge, opinions and satisfaction were examined by questionnaire after the course. Activity of the participants as instructors for 6 months after certification was also evaluated. The performance of trained instructors was compared between the old and new courses.ResultsOf 143 participants in the new course, >90% had confidence to teach NCPR, while only 50–60% of the 89 participants in the old course indicated that they could instruct on resuscitation procedures and practice (P < 0.001). All participants in the new course recognized the value of scenario practice and all were glad they had taken the course. For 6 months after certification, significantly more participants who had done the new course worked as instructors compared with those who had done the old course (60% vs 34%, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first trial of a resuscitation training course using scenarios that participants developed themselves. A new course including instruction practice for training NCPR instructors was effective for improving instructor performance.
The relationship between income and oral health among people with intellectual disabilities: a global perspective
Authors: Hughes Michael J. , Gazmararian Julie A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe scientific literature cites wide health disparities for people with intellectual disabilities compared to the general population. This study seeks to gain an understanding of the effects of income status on oral health in a global population of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodsEighty‐two thousand five hundred and seventy Special Olympics athletes were screened and eligible for inclusion in this study. The main exposure (income status) and selected oral health signs and symptoms (missing teeth, untreated decay, injury, gingivitis, and mouth pain) were used to conduct a cross‐sectional analysis. Prevalence odds ratios were obtained through logistic regression.ResultsStudy participants from low‐income countries experienced adverse health outcomes at a lower rate than expected. Study participants from upper middle, lower middle, and low‐income countries had higher odds of mouth pain and untreated decay, yet lower odds of missing teeth, injury, and gingivitis, than participants from high‐income countries. Overall, a great number of individuals from every income group required maintenance or urgent care.ConclusionOral health problems are not exclusive to low‐income study participants. Unexpectedly high odds of missing teeth, injury, and gingivitis in high‐income countries may be attributed to the high proportion of participants from the United States, which is considered a high‐income country but has large income disparities. Health‐determining circumstances in low‐income countries provide some protection from the hypothesized gradient of oral health for all measured outcomes.
Export Quality and the Dynamics of North–South Competition
Authors: Chami Batista Jorge , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper introduces and applies a new methodology to deal with competition among exporters of vertically differentiated products. The novel methodology is applied to Japanese imports of manufacturing goods at the most detailed level of classification. It is shown that the North lost market share in direct competition with the South in all of the three product segments (low, medium and high), and in every sub‐period from 1988 to 2010, except in the high segment in the 1988–91 sub‐period. Most of the North's direct loss to the South took place in the low and medium segments. China accounts for most of the South's direct gains in these two segments, while the rest of the developing countries of Asia accounts for most of these gains in the high segment.
Protocol guided bleeding management improves cardiac surgery patient outcomes
Authors: Pearse B. L. , Smith I. , Faulke D. , Wall D. , Fraser J. F. , Ryan E. G. , Drake L. , Rapchuk I. L. , Tesar P. , Ziegenfuss M. , Fung Y. L. 
Published: May 2015

Background and ObjectivesExcessive bleeding is a risk associated with cardiac surgery. Treatment invariably requires transfusion of blood products; however, the transfusion itself may contribute to postoperative sequelae. Our objective was to analyse a quality initiative designed to provide an evidenced‐based approach to bleeding management.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis compared blood product transfusion and patient outcomes 15 months before and after implementation of a bleeding management protocol. The protocol incorporated point‐of‐care coagulation testing (POCCT) with ROTEM and Multiplate to diagnose the cause of bleeding and monitor treatment.ResultsUse of the protocol led to decreases in the incidence of transfusion of PRBCs (47·3% vs. 32·4%; P < 0·0001), FFP (26·9% vs. 7·3%; P < 0·0001) and platelets (36·1% vs. 13·5%; P < 0·0001). During the intra‐operative period, the percentage of patients receiving cryoprecipitate increased (2·7% vs. 5·1%; P = 0·002), as did the number of units transfused (248 vs. 692; P < 0·0001). The proportion of patients who received tranexamic acid increased (13·7% to 68·2%; P < 0·0001). There were reductions in re‐exploration for bleeding (5·6% vs. 3·4; P = 0·01), superficial chest wound (3·3% vs. 1·4%; P = 0·002), leg wound infection (4·6% vs. 2·0%; P < 0·0001) and a 12% reduction in mean length of stay from operation to discharge (95%: 9–16%, P < 0·0001). Acquisition cost of blood products decreased by $1 029 118 in the 15‐month period with the protocol.ConclusionsThe implementation of a bleeding management protocol supported by POCCT in a cardiac surgery programme was associated with significant reductions in the transfusion of allogeneic blood products, improved outcomes and reduced cost.
Design and Application Considerations Effecting Industrial Gas Turbine Maintenance
Authors: Fougere Louis F. 
Published: May 2015

This paper is intended to provide information to users of gas turbines to compare the effects of the application and of design features on maintenance of industrial gas turbines.
A shortcoming in the prediction of part lives of gas turbines in constant-load applications is also discussed. It is pointed out that this shortcoming is inconsistent with sophisticated techniques currently available for life predictions.
Internal- and External-Rotation Peak Torque in Little League Baseball Players With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: Improved by Closed Kinetic Chain Shoulder Training
Authors: Lee Dong-Rour , Kim Laurentius Jongsoon 
Published: May 2015

Context:Many studies have explored closed kinetic chain (CKC) shoulder exercises (SEs) with a sling because they are safer and more effective than open-chain exercises, especially in early stages of treatment. However, the application of CKC SE in youth baseball players has rarely been attempted, although teenage baseball players also experience shoulder pain.Objective:To investigate the effects of CKC SE on the peak torque of shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) in youth baseball players.Design:Single-group pretest, posttest.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:23 Little League Baseball players with subacromial impingement syndrome.Interventions:The CKC SE with a sling was CKC shoulder-flexion exercise, extension exercise, IR exercise, and ER exercise. This exercise regimen was conducted 2 or 3 times/wk for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:The peak torque of shoulder IR and ER was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Concentric shoulder rotation was performed, with 5 repetitions at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 15 at 180°/s.Results:The IR and ER peak torque significantly increased at each angular velocity after the exercise program. In particular, the increase in IR and ER peak torque values was statistically significant at an angular velocity of 180°/s.Conclusions:CKC SE was effective in increasing shoulder IR and ER strength, demonstrating its potential benefits in the prevention and treatment of shoulder injury. In addition, increased IR peak torque appears to improve throwing velocity in baseball players.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of 10 Pseudomonas syringae Strains Representing Different Host Range Spectra
Authors: Bartoli Claudia , Carrere Sébastien , Lamichhane Jay Ram , Varvaro Leonardo , Morris Cindy E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas syringae
is a ubiquitous bacterium that readily persists in environmental habitats as a saprophyte and also is responsible for numerous diseases of crops. Here, we report the whole-genome sequences of 10 strains isolated from both woody and herbaceous plants that will contribute to the elucidation of the determinants of their host ranges.
Genome Sequence of the Acidophilic Ferrous Iron-Oxidizing Isolate
Acidithrix ferrooxidans
Strain Py-F3, the Proposed Type Strain of the Novel Actinobacterial Genus
Acidithrix
Authors: Eisen Sebastian , Poehlein Anja , Johnson D. Barrie , Daniel Rolf , Schlömann Michael , Mühling Martin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Extremely acidophilic iron-oxidizing Gram-positive bacteria comprise species within the phyla
Firmicutes
and
Actinobacteria
. Here, we report the 4.02-Mb draft genome of
Acidithrix ferrooxidans
Py-F3, which was isolated from a stream draining an abandoned copper mine and proposed as the type species of a new genus of
Actinobacteria
.
Genome Sequence of the Acidophilic Iron Oxidizer Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum Strain T23
T
Authors: Eisen Sebastian , Poehlein Anja , Johnson D. Barrie , Daniel Rolf , Schlömann Michael , Mühling Martin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Extremely acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria have largely been characterized for the phyla
Proteobacteria
and
Nitrospira
. Here, we report the draft genome of an iron-oxidizing and -reducing heterotrophic mesophile of the
Actinobacteria
,
Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum
, which was isolated from an abandoned pyrite mine. The genome sequence comprises 3.08 Mb.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum DSM 2351, an Extracellular Nucleic Acid-Producing Bacterium
Authors: Nagao Nobuyoshi , Hirose Yuu , Misawa Naomi , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Umekage So , Kikuchi Yo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhodovulum sulfidophilum
DSM 2351 is the nonsulfur photosynthetic bacterium that efficiently releases nucleic acids into the extracellular milieu, which leads to flocculation. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of
R. sulfidophilum
DSM 2351, which will provide new insights into the mechanism of its unique nucleic acid release.
Economics of alcohol-involved traffic crashes in the USA: an input-output analysis
Authors: Zaloshnja Eduard , Miller Ted R , Lawrence Bruce A 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPreventing traffic crashes reduces crash costs paid by employers and employees. The related savings filter through the economy, impacting its performance. This study is the first to measure the impact of traffic crash reduction on a national economy. It focuses on impaired driving crashes.MethodsWe analysed the impact of the almost 50% alcohol-involved driving crash rate reduction from 1984–1986 to 2010 and the impact if such crashes in 2010 had not occurred. The analysis entered published estimates of costs that employers, consumers and governments paid because of US impaired-driving crashes as production costs and demand changes in Rutgers University's input–output model of the US economy. For example, reducing medical costs paid by employers lowers the cost of labour inputs to production while reducing vehicle repairs raises demand for other goods. Running the model at current and alternative crash rates revealed the impacts of crash reductions on economic output, gross domestic product (GDP), national income and employment.ResultsAlcohol-involved crash reductions since 1984–1986 increased economic output in 2010 by an estimated $20 billion, raised GDP by $10 billion, increased US income by $6.5 billion, and created 215 000 jobs. GDP gains from alcohol-involved crash reduction contributed 5% of the $200 million compounded average annual growth in US GDP from 1985 to 2013. Eliminating remaining alcohol-involved crashes would result in similar economic gains.ConclusionsAlcohol-involved crashes drag down the US economy. On average, each of the 25.5 billion miles Americans drove impaired in 2010 reduced economic output by $0.80. Those losses are preventable.
User-Specific Feature-Based Similarity Models for Top-
n
Recommendation of New Items
Authors: Elbadrawy Asmaa , Karypis George 
Published: May 2015

Recommending new items for suitable users is an important yet challenging problem due to the lack of preference history for the new items. Noncollaborative user modeling techniques that rely on the item features can be used to recommend new items. However, they only use the past preferences of each user to provide recommendations for that user. They do not utilize information from the past preferences of other users, which can potentially be ignoring useful information. More recent factor models transfer knowledge across users using their preference information in order to provide more accurate recommendations. These methods learn a low-rank approximation for the preference matrix, which can lead to loss of information. Moreover, they might not be able to learn useful patterns given very sparse datasets. In this work, we present <scp>UFSM</scp>, a method for top-<i>n</i> recommendation of new items given binary user preferences. <scp>UFSM</scp> learns <b>U</b>ser-specific <b>F</b>eature-based item-<b>S</b>imilarity <b>M</b>odels, and its strength lies in combining two points: (1) exploiting preference information across all users to learn multiple global item similarity functions and (2) learning user-specific weights that determine the contribution of each global similarity function in generating recommendations for each user. <scp>UFSM</scp> can be considered as a sparse high-dimensional factor model where the previous preferences of each user are incorporated within his or her latent representation. This way, <scp>UFSM</scp> combines the merits of item similarity models that capture local relations among items and factor models that learn global preference patterns. A comprehensive set of experiments was conduced to compare <scp>UFSM</scp> against state-of-the-art collaborative factor models and noncollaborative user modeling techniques. Results show that <scp>UFSM</scp> outperforms other techniques in terms of recommendation quality. <scp>UFSM</scp> manages to yield better recommendations even with very sparse datasets. Results also show that <scp>UFSM</scp> can efficiently handle high-dimensional as well as low-dimensional item feature spaces.
S4-7: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Study of Adjuvant Lapatinib in Women with Early-Stage ErbB2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer.
Authors: Goss P , Smith I , O'Shaugnessy J , Ejlertsen B , Kaufmann M , Boyle F , Buzdar A , Fumoleau P , Gradishar W , Martin M , Moy B , Piccart-Gebhart M , Pritchard K , Aktan G , Rappold E , Williams L , Finkelstein D 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Late-breaking — abstract will be available at the meeting.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S4-7.