bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact fracture of granite at temperatures from 20 to 500 °C
Authors: Scherbakov I.P. , Chmel A.E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Earthquake nucleation and fracture propagation in deformed rocks generate elastic waves, within acoustic frequencies. Strain-induced acoustic waves appear both in field tectonic structures and in laboratory samples, thus making laboratory acoustic emission (AE) data from load tests suitable to interpret natural seismic processes. However, laboratory tests are commonly run at room temperature, while the natural rocks at the earthquake origin depths are as hot as hundreds of degrees centigrade. We report AE data for thermally and mechanically loaded granites subjected to impact fracture at different temperatures. The energy distribution in the time series of acoustic signals emitted from fine-grained granite fits a power law of the type of the Gutenberg–Richter relationship at temperatures from 20 to 500 °C. Medium- and coarse-grained samples behave in this way only within 300 °C but show a Poissonian (random) AE energy distribution above 300 °C.
Oats and bowel disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Thies Frank , Masson Lindsey F. , Boffetta Paolo , Kris-Etherton Penny 
Published: September 2014

Whole-grain foods such as oats may protect against colorectal cancer and have benefits on inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature describing intervention studies that investigated the effects of oats or oat bran on risk factors for bowel disease. A literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline and the Cochrane library, which identified 654 potential articles. Thirty-eight articles describing twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies carried out in participants with a history of colorectal adenomas found no effects of increased oat-bran intake on indirect risk makers for colorectal cancer. One of two interventions with oat bran in patients with ulcerative colitis showed small improvements in the patients' conditions. Most of the eleven studies carried out in adults with coeliac disease showed no negative effects of uncontaminated oat consumption. The fourteen studies carried out in volunteers with no history of bowel disease suggest that oats or oat bran can significantly increase stool weight and decrease constipation, but there is a lack of evidence to support a specific effect of oats on bowel function compared with other cereals. A long-term dietary intake of oats or oat bran could benefit inflammatory bowel disorders, but this remains to be proven. A protective effect on colorectal adenoma and cancer incidence has not yet been convincingly shown. The majority of patients with coeliac disease could consume up to 100 g/d of uncontaminated oats, which would increase the acceptability of, and adherence to, a gluten-free diet.
Lipidomic analysis of fatty acids in erythrocytes of coeliac patients before and after a gluten-free diet intervention: a comparison with healthy subjects
Authors: Riezzo Giuseppe , Ferreri Carla , Orlando Antonella , Martulli Manuela , D'Attoma Benedetta , Russo Francesco 
Published: September 2014

Coeliac disease (CD) patients may exhibit a pro-inflammatory profile and fatty acids (FA) can influence inflammation through a variety of cellular pathways in them. The aims of the present study were to (1) evaluate the FA composition of erythrocytes obtained from newly diagnosed CD patients by lipidomic analysis and compare it with that in healthy subjects and (2) determine the effects of 1-year gluten-free diet (GFD) intervention. A total of twenty CD patients (five men and fifteen women; mean age 34·0 (sem 1·7) years) were evaluated at diagnosis and after 1 year of GFD intervention. A total of twenty healthy subjects (seven men and thirteen women; mean age 40·2 (sem 2·5) years) served as controls. CD patients on an unrestricted diet exhibited a significant 2·08-fold higher concentration of arachidic acid when compared with healthy subjects, suggesting that it can be considered as a putative marker of CD. Besides, the arachidonic acid (AA):dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio was 2·01-fold significantly lower in CD patients than in healthy subjects (P< 0·01), underlying an inefficient synthesis of PUFA from their precursors in terms of desaturase activity. In addition, mainly due to lower concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid, the inflammation marker AA:docosahexaenoic acid ratio was 1·40-fold significantly higher in CD patients than in healthy subjects. After 1 year of GFD intervention, FA concentrations in CD patients were still different from those observed in healthy subjects. The lipidomic analysis of erythrocyte membranes confirmed the presence of an altered FA composition in CD patients and the GFD's ability to modify FA profile, even if 1-year GFD intervention seems to be not sufficient to restore FA concentrations to normality. This procedure, being easier and non-invasive compared with the evaluation of the FA pattern of the intestinal mucosa, could offer more potentiality for also evaluating therapeutic interventions in CD patients by using FA supplementation.
Uniting the Arctic frontiers – International cooperation on circum-Arctic geological and geophysical maps
Authors: Petrov O.V. , Smelror M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTFollowing an initiative taken by the Russian Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology and by the Federal Agency of Mineral Resources (Rosnedra) in 2003 international cooperation on compiling a new generation of circum-Arctic geological and geophysical maps (in scale 1: 5 000 000) was undertaken by a consortium of national agencies from Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the USA. The polar stereographic maps include onshore and offshore geological coverage to 60° N. The bedrock map and database was first published in 2008, the geophysical maps were completed in 2010, while a tectonic map is currently in press. The new circum-Arctic maps are formally published under the Comission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW/CCGM). A metallogenic map and database of the main occurrences of onshore and offshore metal deposits is scheduled to be completed in 2016.
On a Forgotten Kind of Grounding: Strauss, Jacobi, and the Phenomenological Critique of Modern Rationalism
Authors: Chacón Rodrigo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn opposing foundationalism to antifoundationalism, recent political theory betrays its blindness to a third alternative. As suggested by the most influential critics of Kant, the ground of meaning and normativity is neither the human mind—or autonomous constructions of reason—nor historically given forms of life, but the interaction between them, that is, the human openness to the intelligibility granted us by “the things themselves.” This paper articulates that ground in its historical genesis, as it arises in Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's defense of a classical conception of reason against modern rationalism, and further developed by Edmund Husserl and the young Leo Strauss. I argue that critics and followers of Strauss have forgotten the phenomenological grounds of his thought in the “fundamental problems” arising from the structure of human experience.
Improving the systems engineering process with multilevel analysis of interactions
Authors: Eppinger Steven D. , Joglekar Nitin R. , Olechowski Alison , Teo Terence 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe systems engineering V (SE-V) is an established process model to guide the development of complex engineering projects (INCOSE, 2011). The SE-V process involves decomposition and integration of system elements through a sequence of tasks that produce both a system design and its testing specifications, followed by successive levels of build, integration, and test activities. This paper presents a method to improve SE-V implementation by mapping multilevel data into design structure matrix (DSM) models. DSM is a representation methodology for identifying interactions between either components or tasks associated with a complex engineering project (Eppinger & Browning, 2012). Multilevel refers to SE-V data on complex interactions that are germane either at multiple levels of analysis (e.g., component versus subsystem) conducted either within a single phase or across multiple time phases (e.g., early or late in the SE-V process). This method extends conventional DSM representation schema by incorporating multilevel test coverage data as vectors into the off-diagonal cells. These vectors provide a richer description of potential interactions between product architecture and SE-V integration test tasks than conventional domain mapping matrices. We illustrate this method with data from a complex engineering project in the offshore oil industry. Data analysis identifies potential for unanticipated outcomes based on incomplete coverage of SE-V interactions during integration tests. In addition, assessment of multilevel features using maximum and minimum function queries isolates all the interfaces that are associated with either early or late revelations of integration risks based on the planned suite of SE-V integration tests.
Reasoning about system-level failure behavior from large sets of function-based simulations
Authors: Jensen David C. , Bello Oladapo , Hoyle Christopher , Tumer Irem Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the use of data clustering methods applied to the analysis results of a design-stage, functional failure reasoning tool. A system simulation using qualitative descriptions of component behaviors and a functional reasoning tool are used to identify the functional impact of a large set of potential single and multiple fault scenarios. The impact of each scenario is collected as the set of categorical function “health” states for each component-level function in the system. This data represents the space of potential system states. The clustering and statistical tools presented in this paper are used to identify patterns in this system state space. These patterns reflect the underlying emergent failure behavior of the system. Specifically, two data analysis tools are presented and compared. First, a modifiedk-means clustering algorithm is used with a distance metric of functional effect similarity. Second, a statistical approach known as latent class analysis is used to find an underlying probability model of potential system failure states. These tools are used to reason about how the system responds to complex fault scenarios and assists in identifying potential design changes for fault mitigation. As computational power increases, the ability to reason with large sets of data becomes as critical as the analysis methods used to collect that data. The goal of this work is to provide complex system designers with a means of using early design simulation data to identify and mitigate potential emergent failure behavior.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of faecal sampling for detection of monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium and otherSalmonellain cattle and pigs
Authors: ARNOLD M. E. , GOSLING R. J. , MARTELLI F. , MUELLER-DOBLIES D. , DAVIES R. H. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThere has been a rapid rise in the prevalence of cases of monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium (mST) in both humans and farm animals, and it has been found in pigs, cattle and poultry. It is therefore vital to have a good understanding of how to efficiently detect infected farms. The objective of this project was to determine sample type sensitivity in the detection ofSalmonellato detect infected groups of animals on both pig (breeder, grower and finisher sites) and cattle (beef and dairy) farms, using data collected from a study investigating farms that were positive for mST, and to explore any variation between different age groups and management practices. A Bayesian approach in the absence of a gold standard was adopted to analyse the individual and pooled faecal sample data collected from each epidemiological group on each of the farms. The sensitivity of pooled sampling depended on the prevalence of infection in the group being sampled, with a higher prevalence leading to higher sensitivity. Pooled sampling was found to be more efficient at detecting positive groups of animals than individual sampling, with the probability of a random sample from a group of animals with 5% prevalence testing positive being equal to 15·5% for immature pigs (3·6% for an individual faecal sample, taking into account the sensitivity and infection prevalence), 7·1% for adult pigs (1·2% for individual sampling), 30% for outdoor cattle (2% for individual sampling) and 34% for indoor cattle (1% for individual sampling). The mean prevalence of each epidemiological group was higher in outdoor farms than indoor for both pigs and cattle (mean within-farm prevalence of 29·4% and 38·7% for outdoor pigs and cattle, respectively, compared to 19·8% and 22·1% for indoor pigs and cattle)
Risk of infection and associated influenza-like disease among abattoir workers due to twoLeptospiraspecies
Authors: DREYFUS A. , HEUER C. , WILSON P. , COLLINS-EMERSON J. , BAKER M. G. , BENSCHOP J. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe aims of this study were to determine the annual incidence of infection withLeptospira interrogansserovar Pomona and/orLeptospira borgpeterseniiserovar Hardjo and its association with influenza-like illness (ILI) in meat workers in New Zealand. Sera were collected twice, 50–61 weeks apart, from 592 workers at eight abattoirs slaughtering sheep (n = 4), cattle (n = 2) and deer (n = 2), and tested by the microscopic agglutination test for Hardjo and Pomona. Forty-nine (8·3%) participants either seroconverted or had at least a twofold increased serological titre against either serovar. The worker infection risk was higher in sheep abattoirs (11·9%) than in abattoirs processing deer (0%) or cattle (1·2%) (P < 0·01). The annualized risk of mild (ILI) or severe clinical disease attributable to the twoLeptospiraserovars was 2·7%. This study has demonstrated that meat workers are at substantial risk of infection and clinical disease, suggesting further investigation of infection sources and preventive measures are warranted.
Delusions of Virtue: Kant on Self-Conceit
Authors: Moran Kate 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLittle extended attention has been given to Kant’s notion of self-conceit (Eigendünkel), though it appears throughout his theoretical and practical philosophy. Authors who discuss self-conceit often describe it as a kind of imperiousness or arrogance in which the conceited agent seeks to impose selfish principles upon others, or sees others as worthless. I argue that these features of self-conceit are symptoms of a deeper and more thoroughgoing failure. Self-conceit is best described as the tendency to insist upon one’s own theoretical or practical conclusions at any cost, while still wanting to appear – to oneself or to others – as though one is abiding by the constraints of theoretical or practical reason. Self-conceit is thus less centrally the tendency to impose one’s will or inclinations upon others, and more centrally the tendency to reconstruct evidence and rationalize so that one may be convinced of one’s own virtue. While the conceited agent may ultimately impose her judgement upon others, she does so in order to preserve her delusion of virtue.
Before Kong Was King: Competing Methods in Hollywood Underscore
Authors: PLATTE NATHAN 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn many histories of American film music, Max Steiner's score for King Kong (1933) marks a new era by establishing norms in original, symphonic underscoring that would dominate Hollywood for decades. Kong's reign, however, eclipses diverse approaches to underscoring practiced at studios before and after its release. In this study, I compare the methods of Max Steiner at RKO and Nathaniel Finston at Paramount to show how both influenced film music implementation and discourse in the years leading up to Kong. Steeped in the practices of silent cinema, Finston championed collaborative scoring and the use of preexistent music in films like Fighting Caravans (1931). Steiner preferred to compose alone and placed music strategically to delineate narrative space in films, as in Symphony of Six Million (1932), a technique he adapted for mediating exotic encounters in island adventure films preceding Kong. Although press accounts and production materials show that Steiner and Finston's methods proved resilient in subsequent years, Kong's canonic status has marginalized Finston's role and threatens to misdirect appraisals of Steiner's other work. Considering Finston's practices at Paramount alongside Steiner's pre-Kong scores at RKO illuminates the limitations of using only Kong as a model, and shows that Finston's perspective on film scoring in the early 1930s provides a corrective balance for understanding film musicians’ work before and after Kong.
Strange Voices: Subjectivity and Gender inForbidden Planet’s Soundscape of Tomorrow
Authors: PROCK STEPHAN 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs the first Hollywood film to employ an all-electronic score, Forbidden Planet (1956) helped cement the association of science-fiction films with electronically produced sounds and music. While sounds lacking real-world referents were crucial for representing sonically the nature of fantastic objects and beings, Louis and Bebe Barron's soundscape also had to serve the more conventional musical demands of narrative cinema where music sets mood and atmosphere and creates the illusion of character subjectivity. This double function of their “electronic tonalities,” however, engendered a strange ambiguity in the film's sonic ontology. In this article, I examine how the practical and aesthetic issues arising from this ambiguity forced the Barrons to confront in their score a complex of intertwined musical and cultural messages: how electronic music evokes notions of the exotic Other; how conceptions of vocality and embodiment in their music intersect with other visual and narrative elements to illuminate a gendered divide among envoiced bodies in the film; and how music in the film evolves to illustrate and posit a threat to the male body and, thus, masculinity itself—only in order, ultimately, to restore and reassert conventional patriarchy and the primacy of male subjectivity. As I argue, by using modernist methods and materials to serve a conventionally populist representational form, the Barrons effectively exposed some of the deep underlying tensions and contradictions within modernism itself, even while revisioning fundamental aspects of the Hollywood film score.
Optimisation of manufacturing parameters for inkjet‐printed and photonically sintered metallic nanoparticle UHF RFID tags
Authors: Ren Y. , Virkki J. , Sydänheimo L. , Ukkonen L. 
Published: September 2014

Inkjet printing and photonic sintering parameters for silver and copper nanoparticle inks on flexible polyimide and environmentally friendly cardboard substrates have been studied. The results were utilised to manufacture prototype passive ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas. The manufactured tags showed peak read ranges of 2.9–5.5 m.
Folding pathway of a multidomain protein depends on its topology of domain connectivity
Authors: Inanami Takashi , Terada Tomoki P. , Sasai Masaki 
Published: September 2014

Significance
Theoretical and experimental efforts during the last two decades have revealed many important features of protein folding. However, these efforts have largely focused on single-domain proteins, and additional methods and concepts have been awaited to understand the rich variety of multidomain proteins. To understand the relationship between the topology and folding pathways of multidomain proteins, we developed an Ising-like structure-based model. Our simulated results showed that a dominant pathway is selected in an example protein, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which prevents the rapid decrease in conformation entropy during the course of folding. However, in its circular permutant, for which the topological complexity of wild-type DHFR is resolved, two pathways coexist, resulting in a complex folding behavior.
Disruption of the immune-checkpoint
VISTA
gene imparts a proinflammatory phenotype with predisposition to the development of autoimmunity
Authors: Wang Li , Le Mercier Isabelle , Putra Juan , Chen Wenna , Liu Jun , Schenk Austin D. , Nowak Elizabeth C. , Suriawinata Arief A. , Li Jiannan , Noelle Randolph J. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
The discovery of V domain-containing Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) as a novel immune-checkpoint regulator comes at an exciting time, as the field of cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress owing to the clinical success of targeting immune-checkpoint proteins such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed death 1 and ligand. Recent studies also show the promise of monoclonal antibody-mediated VISTA targeting for enhancing antitumor immunity in murine tumor models. The current study demonstrates the spectrum of immune alterations upon genetic disruption of VISTA in mice in the context of self-tolerance as well as immune response against neoantigen. These results enhance the understanding of the immune-regulatory role of VISTA and form the foundation for designing future clinical applications that target VISTA in treating human diseases.
An early sophisticated East Polynesian voyaging canoe discovered on New Zealand's coast
Authors: Johns Dilys A. , Irwin Geoffrey J. , Sung Yun K. 
Published: September 2014

SignificanceConservation of a large section of an early, sophisticated sailing canoe recently discovered on the New Zealand coast provides an opportunity to study maritime technology directly associated with the colonization of East Polynesia. A sea turtle carved on its hull makes symbolic connections with ancestral Polynesian culture. We describe the artifact, identify and radiocarbon date construction materials, and reconstruct a likely form of the canoe in the context of archaeological and ethnohistoric information. The canoe is contemporary with early archaeological settlements around New Zealand and on-going voyaging between Polynesian islands.
Climate windows for Polynesian voyaging to New Zealand and Easter Island
Authors: Goodwin Ian D. , Browning Stuart A. , Anderson Atholl J. 
Published: September 2014

Significance
South Pacific migration routes used in East Polynesian colonization (A.D. 800−1500) have been assumed to be commonly upwind, when based on an understanding of modern climate patterns. Instead, our novel paleowind field reconstructions at bidecadal resolution show that migration routes lay downwind from East Polynesia during known times of initial colonization of New Zealand and Easter Island. This finding is significant in showing that a windward seafaring capacity in Polynesian colonization voyaging was not essential, and that long-term temporal variation in sailing conditions due to the expansion of the tropics was important in shaping colonization histories. The paleoclimate reconstruction broadens colonization possibilities, and the method represents a new, globally applicable approach to understanding patterning in prehistoric maritime migration.