bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Properties of Ultra High Strength Concrete
Authors: Bumanis Girts , Toropovs Nikolajs , Dembovska Laura , Bajare Diana , Korjakins Aleksandrs 
Published: June 2015

The influence of heat treatment during curing process of ultra high strength concrete (UHSC) was researched. Four different heat treatment temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C were studied and compared to the reference temperature regime (20 °C). Two series of heat treatment were applied: (a) at the early age of UHSC (3 days) and (b) after 27 days of standard curing regime in water at 20 °C. Concrete compressive strength was tested at the early age (4 days) and at the age of 28 days. The water absorption and water penetration under pressure were tested for heat treated and untreated UHSC specimens. SEM and XRD investigations of the studied samples were performed. UHSC with the strength of 123 MPa at the age of 28 days was tested at the standard curing conditions. Results indicate that early age curing at elevated temperature increases early compressive strength from 123 to 189% while at the age of 28 days the compressive strength was only 95 to 117% from reference and depends on the heat treatment regime. The heat treatment of UHSC at the age of 27 days was beneficial with regard to the strength development. Heat-treated UHSC provided compressive strength gain from 112 to 124% from reference. The water absorption for all UHSC specimens was from 2.6 to 3.2 wt.% and it was not affected by the heat treatment. The calcite was detected with XRD in heat treated UHSC samples which indicates the carbonization of Portlandite. This could explain the strength gain of heat-treated samples and the reason for slow compressive strength increase in the case of early heat treatment application. SEM images reveal dense structure and unreacted silica fume particles. The early heat treatment initiated high early strength but the strength of concrete reduced at the age of 28 days comparing to the early strength; therefore late heat application was beneficial for strength gain of the UHSC.
Analysis of service properties of cylindrically ground surfaces, using standard ISO 25178-2:2012 surface texture parameters
Authors: Bulaha Natalija 
Published: June 2015

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">At present surface roughness is one of the main indications of component quality. During the operation mainly the outer layer of the component is exposed to external action, and depending on the roughness structure conclusions can be drawn about the service properties of the surface. Because cylindrical grinding today is rather widely used and precise method of treatment of bodies of revolution in the field of mechanical engineering the given paper pays attention to the surfaces treated on cylindrical grinding machines, and more exactly to their roughness, determining the possible use of the given surfaces. For the analyses of the roughness parameters the ISO standard ISO 25178-2:2012”Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Areal — Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters” was used, in which there were determined the texture parameters of the surface. Contrary to other standards, such as ISO 4287, ISO 13565 the new standard allowed to assess real surface properties, since in the given case the surface is being viewed in three-dimension space. During the research three cylindrically ground samples treated at different cutting conditions were chosen. By the help of modern measuring equipment Taylor Hobson Talysurf Intra 50 the topography of the given samples was taken in order to obtain and compare the roughness parameters and for the purpose of setting relation between the cutting regime and roughness parameters, and determining mathematical model of cylindrically ground samples. As a result of research it was stated that the given type of surfaces is characterized by irregular roughness, that is location of micro-peaks regarding their height and shape are irregular and also the correlation function of cylindrically ground surfaces is rapidly diminishing, but the density distribution of ordinates is close to normal. Based on the above feature of surface roughness such service properties as wear resistance, retention of lubricants and coatings (adhesion) and provision of required contact area were determined.</span></p>
Materials Consumption Decrease for Long-Span Prestressed Cable Roof
Authors: Stuklis Arturs , Serdjuks Dmitrijs , Goremikins Vadims 
Published: June 2015

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Limited raw materials and energy resources are actual national economy problems which can be solved by the decrease of weight, increase of span and durability of load bearing structures. The largest structural spans were achieved by application of cable structures. The roofs are one of the most widely used in practice type of cable structures. However, increased deformability and necessity of the special methods of stabilizing are significant cable roofs disadvantages. The prestressing of one or several groups of cables is one of the probable methods for stabilizing of cable roofs. According to the recommendations available in the literature, all cables of the roof must be prestressed by the equal forces. But after applying of design vertical load, values of the forces, acting in the cables of the roof, changes within the wide limits. So, using of structural materials will not be rational in this case, taking into account, that the cables cross-sections are constant because the cables cross-sections were determined basing on the maximum axial force, acting in the all cables.</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">Possibility to decrease materials consumption by the changing of prestressing forces for cables of the roof was checked on the example of saddle-shaped cable roof with the rigid support contour and dimensions 60x60 m in the plan. Initial deflections of main suspension and stressing cables of the roof were equal to 7m. Suspension and stressing cables of the net were placed with the step equal to 2.828 m. Steel ropes with modulus of elasticity in 1.5∙105 MPa were considered as a material of suspension and stressing cables of the roof. Suspension and stressing cables were divided into the groups, which are differed by the prestressing forces. Amount of cables groups changes within the limits from 1 to 27. Values of prestressing forces for cables groups change within the limits from 20 to 80% from the cables breaking force. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">The dependences of material consumption and maximum vertical displacements of cable roof on the amount of cables groups and prestressing forces were determined as second power polynomial equations. It was stated, that division of suspension and stressing cables on the 18 groups enables to decrease cables material consumption by 19.2%. Values of prestressing forces for suspension and stressing cables of the roof were equal to 57 and 80 %, from it load-carrying capacity, correspondingly</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
Research Into Biological Characterictics of Dried Sapropel
Authors: Tretjakova Rasma , Grebeža Jūlija , Martinovs Andris 
Published: June 2015

<p class="RTU-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">Microbiological characteristics of dried sapropel of Lake Rušona and Lake Ubagova and concrete containing sapropel and hemp sheaves (Ubagova Lake) have been studied. The antimicrobial activity was studied by the</span><span lang="EN-GB">reference test cultures</span><em><span lang="EN-GB">Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231</span></em><span lang="EN-GB">. Antibacterial activity on <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> reference test cultures is stated in Rušona Lake sample before treatment with UV rays. Antibacterial activity is not stated in Ubagova Lake sapropel sample. 20 minutes’ long UV ray treatment is not long enough to prevent the growth of sapropel materials. Both Rušona Lake and Ubagova Lake samples contain microorganisms that start growing and intensively reproducing in favourable conditions. When in contact with humidity, at the temperature from 18 to 37± 1 <sup>0</sup>C, mold colonies form on concrete containing sapropel and hemp sheaves, for this reason this material should not get in contact with humidity when used in construction. </span></p>
Dissipative and Damping Properties of Multi-layered Rubber-Metal Vibration Absorber
Authors: Gonca Vladimirs , Polukoshko Svetlana , Lavendelis Egons 
Published: June 2015

<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-GB">Rubber and<em> </em></span><span lang="EN-GB">rubber-metal (RM) elements</span><span lang="EN-GB"> are successfully used as bearing, joints, compensating devices, vibration and shock absorbers</span><span lang="EN-GB"> in civil engineering and machine building because of rubber and rubberlike materials (elastomers) have a capability of absorbing input energy much better than other construction materials. The elastic properties of rubber in such supports allows reverse backward to its original position under dynamic load action. </span><span lang="EN-US">Along with the instantaneous elastic deformation these materials exhibit a retarded elastic deformation, viscous flow (creep) and relaxation.</span><span lang="EN-GB">The mechanical properties of rubber which are necessary for the optimal design of antivibration devices are next: bulk modulus of compression, dynamic and static shear modulus, energy dissipation factor. To describe the relationship between the compressive (or shear) stress <em>σ(t)</em> and strain <em>ԑ(t)</em> the creep and relaxation kernel, taking into account the viscoelastic properties of the rubber, is used. The kernels proposed by A. Rzhanitsin, Y. Rabotnov, M. Koltunov give satisfactory results for the mechanical properties of rubber in the mean frequency domain (10<sup>-3</sup> &lt; ω &lt; 10<sup>3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). In this paper for the accounting of dissipative properties of the rubber Rabotnov’s kernel is used, the energy loss during one oscillation period is calculated. The flat-type RM absorber with kinematic excitation, which lower base oscillates harmonically is considered, oscillation parameters of the upper base on which the protected object is placed, are calculated. Damping properties are expressed by the ratio of the amplitude of the forced oscillations of the upper base (and object) to the amplitude of driving lower base</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p>
New Kinds of Sapropel and Peat Based Fertilizers
Authors: Agafonova Ludmila , Alsina Ina , Sokolov Guennadi , Kovrik Svetlana , Bambalov Nikolay , Apse Juris , Rak Mikhail 
Published: June 2015

<p class="western">New types of fertilizers based on peat and sapropel were developed and can be used as solid and liquid forms of organic and organicmineral fertilizers and preparations for different crop cultivation. It was shown that use of SAPROAgro and SAPROЕlixir fertilizers increases productivity of agricultural plants by 9-16 %. Use of EleGum liquid humic microelement fertilizers provides an increase of winter wheat grain yield up to 0.88 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>, maize green mass up to 5.0 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>and maize grain to 2.06 t ha<sup>-1</sup></p>
Crop diversification for weed management in organic arable cropping systems
Authors: Zarina Livija , Gerowitt Barbel , Melander Bo , Salonen Jukka , Krawczuk Roman , Verwijst Teo 
Published: June 2015

<p>Within the ERA-net CORE Organic Plus transnational programmes supported project PRODIVA producing of the information required for a better utilization of crop diversification for weed management in North European organic arable cropping systems was started. To fulfill the goal of this project- not to eradicate weed problems, which is unlikely to happen in any arable farming system, but to maintain a diversified and manageable weed flora that can support beneficial organisms- there were data from ongoing long-termed cropping system experiments from Latvia analyzed.</p><p>It is hypothesised that: a) perennial weeds can be suppressed in the post-harvest period by improved cover crop establishment and pertinent selection of cover crop species; b) on-farm practices of crop diversification are related to weed pressure and species composition.</p><p class="R-MainText">On the bases on data from organic farm and ongoing long-termed cropping system experiment on weed dynamics in six-field crop rotations with cover crop was concluded that red clover as cover crop after the harvest period is effective to manage perennial weeds. In crop rotation with higher proportions of cereals weed infection growth in six-field rotation with 50% share of cereals up to 3.4, but with 33.3 % share-up to 2.1 times.</p>
Job Shop Production Planning under Uncertainty: A Monte Carlo Rollout Approach
Authors: Simroth Axel , Holfeld Denise , Brunsch Renè 
Published: June 2015

<p>The Monte Carlo Rollout method (MCR) is a novel approach to solve combinatorial optimization problems with uncertainties approximatively. It combines ideas from Rollout algorithms for combinatorial optimization and the Monte Carlo Tree Search in game theory. In this paper the results of an investigation of applying the MCR to a Scheduling Problem are shown. The quality of the MCR method depends on the model parameters, search depth and search width, which are strong linked to process parameters. These dependencies are analyzed by different simulations. The paper also deals with the question whether the Lookahead Pathology occurs. </p>
NVP-BEZ235 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Human Prostate Cancer Cells but Acts as a Radioprotector to Normal Prostate Cells
Authors: Maleka Sechaba , Serafin Antonio , Hamunyela Roswita , Hamid Mogammad , Achel Daniel , Akudugu John 
Published: June 2015

Targeted therapy for prostate cancer may offer potential improvement over current conventional therapiesÃ‚Â because of its specificity. Although conventional treatments are effective, they are not always curative, andhave several limitations. In prostate cancer, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and theÃ‚Â phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways have been implicatedin tumorigenesis, and resistance to both conventional and targeted anticancer therapies. Single-target therapiesÃ‚Â may fail due to cellular heterogeneity. Concomitant targeting of EGFR and PI3K/mTOR cell signaling componentsÃ‚Â may enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy. In this study, the effect of an EGFR inhibitor (AG-1478) and a dualÃ‚Â inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR (NVP-BEZ235) on the radiation response of a human prostate carcinoma cell lineÃ‚Â (DU145) and a normal prostate cell line (1542N) was investigated, using the colony forming assay. Treatment ofDU145 cells with AG-1478 and NVP-BEZ235, either singly or in combination, resulted in a slight radiosensitisationÃ‚Â of DU145 cells. Neither AG-1478 nor a cocktail of both inhibitors had an effect on the radiation response of theÃ‚Â 1542N cell line. Interestingly, NVP-BEZ235 significantly protected 1542N cells from radiation-induced cell death.Ã‚Â These data suggest that a specific inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR (NVP-BEZ235) could potentially be effective as aÃ‚Â radio-protector.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Potential Complication of Treatment With Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition
Authors: Peters Anne L. , Buschur Elizabeth O. , Buse John B. , Cohan Pejman , Diner Jamie C. , Hirsch Irl B. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are the most recently approved antihyperglycemic medications. We sought to describe their association with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) in hopes that it will enhance recognition of this potentially life-threatening complication.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cases identified incidentally are described.

RESULTS
We identified 13 episodes of SGLT-2 inhibitor–associated euDKA or ketosis in nine individuals, seven with type 1 diabetes and two with type 2 diabetes, from various practices across the U.S. The absence of significant hyperglycemia in these patients delayed recognition of the emergent nature of the problem by patients and providers.

CONCLUSIONS
SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to be associated with euglycemic DKA and ketosis, perhaps as a consequence of their noninsulin-dependent glucose clearance, hyperglucagonemia, and volume depletion. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who experience nausea, vomiting, or malaise or develop a metabolic acidosis in the setting of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy should be promptly evaluated for the presence of urine and/or serum ketones. SGLT-2 inhibitors should only be used with great caution, extensive counseling, and close monitoring in the setting of type 1 diabetes.
The First Isomorphism Theorem and Other Properties of Rings
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur , Schwarzweller Christoph 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Different properties of rings and fields are discussed [12], [41] and [17]. We introduce ring homomorphisms, their kernels and images, and prove the First Isomorphism Theorem, namely that for a homomorphism f : R → S we have R/ker(f) ≅ Im(f). Then we define prime and irreducible elements and show that every principal ideal domain is factorial. Finally we show that polynomial rings over fields are Euclidean and hence also factorial
Bidual Spaces and Reflexivity of Real Normed Spaces
Authors: Narita Keiko , Endou Noboru , Shidama Yasunari 
Published: June 2015

Summary
In this article, we considered bidual spaces and reflexivity of real normed spaces. At first we proved some corollaries applying Hahn-Banach theorem and showed related theorems. In the second section, we proved the norm of dual spaces and defined the natural mapping, from real normed spaces to bidual spaces. We also proved some properties of this mapping. Next, we defined real normed space of R, real number spaces as real normed spaces and proved related theorems. We can regard linear functionals as linear operators by this definition. Accordingly we proved Uniform Boundedness Theorem for linear functionals using the theorem (5) from [21]. Finally, we defined reflexivity of real normed spaces and proved some theorems about isomorphism of linear operators. Using them, we proved some properties about reflexivity. These formalizations are based on [19], [20], [8] and [1].
The Formal Construction of Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: June 2015

Summary
In this article, we continue the development of the theory of fuzzy sets [23], started with [14] with the future aim to provide the formalization of fuzzy numbers [8] in terms reflecting the current state of the Mizar Mathematical Library. Note that in order to have more usable approach in [14], we revised that article as well; some of the ideas were described in [12]. As we can actually understand fuzzy sets just as their membership functions (via the equality of membership function and their set-theoretic counterpart), all the calculations are much simpler. To test our newly proposed approach, we give the notions of (normal) triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy sets as the examples of concrete fuzzy objects. Also -cuts, the core of a fuzzy set, and normalized fuzzy sets were defined. Main technical obstacle was to prove continuity of the glued maps, and in fact we did this not through its topological counterpart, but extensively reusing properties of the real line (with loss of generality of the approach, though), because we aim at formalizing fuzzy numbers in our future submissions, as well as merging with rough set approach as introduced in [13] and [11]. Our base for formalization was [9] and [10].
Aristathlus imperatorius Bergroth, a newly recognized synonym of Reduvius iopterus Perty, with the new combination Aristathlus iopterus (Perty, 1834) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) ​
Authors: Gil-Santana Hélcio , Forero Dimitri 
Published: June 2015

Reduvius iopterus Perty 1834 was first described from the Rio Negro, Brazil. It was then included in Zelus Fabricius 1803 as Z. iopterus (Perty 1834) without critical examination of this action (Stål 1872).The Neotropical genus Aristathlus Bergroth 1913 was described to include two species from the Amazon basin: A. imperatorius Bergroth 1913 and A. regalis Bergroth 1913.
Based on the original description and illustration of Reduvius iopterus, Aristathlus imperatorius is considered to be its junior synonym, with the resulting new combination: Aristathlus iopterus (Perty 1834).
Incidence and Management of Infusion Reactions to Infliximab in a Prospective Real-world Community Registry
Authors: Choquette Denis , Faraawi Rafat , Chow Andrew , Rodrigues Jude , Bensen William J. , Nantel Francois 
Published: June 2015

Objective.Infliximab (IFX) is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor-α indicated in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. IFX is administered by intravenous infusion and may be associated with different types of infusion reactions.Methods.RemiTRAC Infusion (NCT00723905) is a Canadian observational registry in which patients receiving IFX are followed prospectively to document premedication use, adverse events, infusion reactions, and the management of infusion reactions. The primary endpoint was to assess factors associated with infusion reactions.Results.There were 1632 patients enrolled and 24,852 infusions recorded. Most patients (63.1%) were treated for rheumatologic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic arthritis. Of the 1632 patients, 201 (12.3%) reported at least 1 infusion reaction. Three hundred twenty-two infusions were associated with an infusion reaction (1.3%), and most were mild to moderate in severity (95%). The most common infusion reactions were pruritus (19.9%), flushing (9.9%), or dyspnea (6.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that antihistamines premedication, number of previous infusion reactions, and female sex were significantly associated with an increased incidence of infusion reactions (p < 0.0011). The use of any concomitant immunosuppressant or corticosteroids did not influence the incidence of infusion reactions. Antihistamine premedication was associated with an increased incidence of infusion reactions (OR 1.58, p = 0.0007).Conclusion.This registry shows that in community-based infusion clinics, infusion reactions to IFX are uncommon and mild to moderate in nature. Antihistamines, intravenous steroids, and acetaminophen are widely used as preventative premedication, although this study showed an absence of benefit with their use.