bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Orchidectomy on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Khaled Amin Yasmin Mohammed , ElSayed Mohamed Hassan , Abdel-Wahed Doaa Mohamed , Elkhateb Lobna Abdelrazek , Ahmed Mona A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Little attention has been paid to investigate the effect of orchidectomy on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is lacking.

The Aim of This Study
is to evaluate the possible impact of orchidectomy and/or testosterone treatment on the function and structure of liver in rat model of hepatic I/R injury and, also, to explore the possible underlying mechanism(s).

Materials and Methods
65 male Wistar albino-rats were divided into 5 groups; sham- operated control group (Sham), hepatic ischemia/reperfusion group (hepatic I/R), orchidectomized hepatic ischemia/reperfusion group (Orch+I/R), Testosterone- treated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion group (T+I/R) and Orchidectomized testosterone-treated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion group (Orch+T+I/R). All rats were subjected to determination of serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), testosterone and estradiol, and hepatic tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and gene expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Also, hepatic tissues were histopathologically assessed.

Results
Hepatic I/R was associated with significant rise of serum ALT and AST, and hepatic tissue TNF-α, NF-κB and MDA, and significant reduction of serum testosterone and estradiol, and hepatic tissue SOD and Nrf2. Histopathological analysis showed vacuolization of the cytoplasm, dilated sinusoids, inflammatory cells infiltration, increased collagen fibers and significantly increased caspase-3. Hepatic I/R -mediated effects were aggravated following orchidectomy, however preischemic treatment with testosterone protected the liver as shown by the significant decline in ALT and AST, and hepatic tissue MDA, TNF-α and NF-κB, and significant enhancement of serum testosterone and estradiol, and hepatic tissue SOD and Nrf2, and restoration of hepatic architecture.

Conclusion
Orchidectomy hypersensitizes the liver to ischemic injury, due to exaggeration of oxidative and inflammatory states and apoptosis, while testosterone treatment improved the hepatic I/R detrimental effects on liver function and morphology due to its suppressive effect on oxidative and inflammatory states and apoptosis.
Role of Adenosine Receptor Agonist in a Rat Model of Diabetic-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Abd-El Hamid Manal S , Abou Shady Ebtessam A , Elyazed Mohamed Nourhan Abo , Morsy Wessam E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetic osteoporosis is caused by chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products accumulation and microvascular changes. All these alter signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism. Adenosine receptors (ARs) are expressed in the bone and might play a role in bone homeostasis. Recent data reveal that A2AAR plays a key role in bone homeostasis and regeneration. However, whether it has a role in treatment of osteoporosis induced by diabetes has not been reported.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CGS-21680, an A2A adenosine receptor agonist, in ameliorating osteoporosis induced by diabetes in a rat model.

Materials and Methods
Forty adult male Albino-rats were allocated into four groups: Group I: control group; Group II: untreated diabetic induced osteoporosis group; Group III: insulin treated diabetic-induced osteoporosis group; Group IV: adenosine receptor agonist treated diabetic-induced osteoporosis group. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 40 mg/Kg body weight. At the end of the study the bone marker osteocalcin, serum glucose, insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, calcium and phosphorus were measured, and bone histopathological analysis was done.

Results
Compared with the untreated diabetic groups, the A2A adenosine receptor agonist treated group showed less bone loss, which was revealed by the increased cortical bone thickness and trabecular thickness. In addition to decreased oxidative damage and inflammation.

Conclusion
The decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in the A2A adenosine receptor agonist treated group supports a beneficial effect of A2AAR stimulation in treatment of diabetic induced osteoporosis, which was demonstrated by the improvement in bone microarchitecture.
Evaluation of the Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Securing Split-Thickness Skin Grafts for Coverage of Chronic Wounds
Authors: El Badawi Ahmed Mohamed , Nagy Eman , Abdelhalim Mohamed M , Youssef Ramy Atef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a versatile reconstructive option that has passed the test of time. However, many factors can cause poor graft take. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has transformed the management of complicated wounds and has been used as a means for securing split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). The role of NPWT in the fixation of grafts was compared to conventional Tie over bolster dressing.

Aim of the Work
To assess whether NPWT would result in a better graft take especially in wounds with large surface area.

Patients and Methods
This is a parallel group randomized control study. conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 in the Plastic, burns, and maxillofacial Surgery Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Block randomization of 52 patients into one of the two groups (NPWT vs. non-NPWT; 26 patients each) was done. Graft take/loss and length of hospital stay post-grafting were assessed.

Results
Mean graft take in the NPWT group was quantitatively and qualitatively better than that in the non-NPWT group. None of the patients in the NPWT group required a second coverage procedure. No major complication was encountered with the use of NPWT.

Conclusion
Compared with conventional tie over bolster dressing, NPWT is a simple, yet powerful and effective alternative in the integration of STSG. It significantly increases the rate of graft take especially in large wounds, while reducing rates of complications and hence re-operation.
Effect of Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) versus 5% Albumin Solution on Intra-Abdominal Pressure in Severe Burn Patients: A Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Mabrouk Amr Reda , Abdelsalam Ahmed Mohamed , Desawy Bakry Sameh Adel , Abdel Hafiez Rania Hassan , Abdelmotaal Amr Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Massive burn patients are at high risk of developing intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) as a complication of aggressive resuscitation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus 5% albumin solution on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in massive burn patients.

Methods
This was a single-center, prospective randomized clinical trial carried on at Ain Shams University (ASU) burn unit for 2 years. Where adult patients with burns 20 to 60 % of TBSA were equally randomized into HES group or albumin group.

Results
Fifty-two patients were equally randomized into 2 groups. There was no difference in age, sex, weight, type of burn, and TBSA between the two groups. The mean total resuscitation fluid volume in the first 48 hours was 213 ml/kg and 206.2 ml/kg for the HES group and the albumin group respectively (p = 0.674). IAP statistically was non-significantly higher in the HES group. There was no statistical difference between the two groups as regards the renal function tests.

Conclusion
Both HES and 5% albumin solution are effective and safe colloids for burn resuscitation. They partially have an equal effect on intra-abdominal pressure, renal involvement, and vital data stability in massive burn patients.
Value of PET/CT Scanning in Detection of Osseous and Marrow Metastatic Lesions in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hussein Abdelfadil Mostafa Abdelwahab , Aboulwafa Islam M , El-Naggar Heba , Sharara Sherine M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis of cancer remains to be of paramount importance to maximize a patient’s long-term survival and reduce various neurological, hematological, and orthopedic complications that may arise. Skeletal metastasis (SM) is a frequently encountered and important complication of cancer which can lead to intolerable pain.

Objectives
The goal of the study was to illustrate the value of combined 18F-FDG PET/CT over isolated CT for detection of osseous metastases in cancer patients.

Patients and Methods
The study included 75 patients. 18F-PET/CT scans were performed. In this study, a lesion-based analysis was performed in detailed retrograde manner. Statistical analysis including specificity, Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of each of these modalities were calculated. A final diagnosis of metastasis was confirmed by biopsy.

Results
Combined PET-CT examination is highly sensitive imaging modality in detection of early bone marrow metastatic lesions which are not yet evident on conventional CT study.

Conclusion
Combined 18-F FDG PET/CT significantly improves the sensitivity and specificity of isolated CT for the detection of osseous and bone marrow metastases. Thus, it adds a significant value that can detect lesions and consequently start a treatment course and improve the overall outcome of the disease process.
Chest Computed Tomography Severity Score to Predict Outcome of Patients with COVID 19
Authors: Nasr Abd Elwahed Yousra Mohamed , Abdelrhman Ahmed Samy , Youssef Youssef Ahmed , Youssef Ekladious Mena Elerian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious pneumonia caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. Some studies have suggested that C-reactive protein, lymphocyte count, and features from CT scoring as predictors of severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Non-contrast chest computed tomography (CT) scan was found to be a useful diagnostic instrument for screening COVID-19 pneumonia. This score uses lung opacification as a surrogate for extension of the disease in the lungs.

Aim
To assess the prognostic value of chest CT severity score (CSS) to predict the severity of symptoms and outcomes among patients with typical CT findings.

Subject and Methods
This Prospective Observational study was conducted at Radiology department, faculty of medicine, Ain Shams University on 94 patients.

Results
There is a significant difference between the groups regarding symptoms severity. there is no significant difference between the groups regarding CT findings. left lung severity scores and total severity score were significantly higher among poor prognosis patients compared to good prognosis patients. mortality rate was significantly higher among poor prognosis patients compared to good prognosis patients. severity score was significantly higher among severe symptoms patients compared to mild symptoms patients in good prognosis patients.

Conclusion
The current study showed that CT images and CT-severity scores can predict ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Clinicians and radiologists can use the CT-severity score as a measure of disease severity and an indicator of poor prognosis, including the need for mechanical ventilation. Also, our findings showed the superiority of CT findings over other clinical information and co-morbidities in predicting the short-term outcome.
Ultrasound with Elastography versus MRI in Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Authors: Mohamed Shehab Mohamed Hussein , Ibrahim Ayman Mohamed , Ahmed Teiba Mohamed Kamal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
tendinopathies and tendon injuries that are due to overload, are important and extremely widespread problem in musculoskeletal diseases. Real-time Sonoelastography (SE) is used to evaluate the tissue elasticity.

Aim
This study assessed the role of sonoelastography in evaluation of tendon stiffness in comparison to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosis of patients with rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy.

Methods
cross sectional study with 36 adult patients that were clinically suspected to have supraspinatus tendinopathy with no past history of trauma and performed MRI of the shoulder were selected for our study. SE images were taken and assessed for focal soft areas. The supraspinatus (SSP) tendinopathy was graded (Grade 0, normal; Grade I, mild tendinopathy; Grade II, moderate tendinopathy; and Grade III, marked tendinopathy).

Results
the examined population, by MRI examination of supraspinatus tendon findings categorized as 7 patients (19.4%) had grade 0, and 17 patients (47%) had grade 1, 11 (30.6%) had grade 2, and 1 (2.8%) had grade 3. On the other hand, by Sonoelastography, there was 8 patients (22.2%) had grade 0, and 18 patients (50%) had grade 1, 9 (25%) had grade 2, and 1 (2.8%) had grade 3. Perfect positive correlation (r = 0.83) was found between the MRI and Sonoelastography grading. The association between the two modalities was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
SE showed good correlation with MRI in identifying supraspinatus tendon intratendinous alterations.
Role of Thermal Ablation in Management of Pulmonary Tumours
Authors: Elqousy Ahmed M M O , Tantawy Wahid H , Sobhi Mohamed , Nasser Haytham M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
An effective alternate option for treating primary and metastatic lung cancers that cannot be operated on is image-guided percutaneous thermal ablation. These methods rely on the heating impact of a percutaneous applicator on surrounding tissue to cause coagulative necrosis of the tumor cells.

Aims
The current study is to assess the role of CT guided thermal ablation in management of lung tumors.

Methods
Based on radiological and pathological evaluation, our study involved 40 patients who had CT-guided thermal ablation ("MWA & RFA") treatments at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Misr Radiology Center from February 2020 to February 2022.for 1ry and 2ry lung neoplasms. After thermal ablation there is follow up program at 3, 6 & 12 months post ablation.

Results
Various lung cancers, including primary and secondary metastatic lung deposits, were prospectively treated using CT-guided RF and MW. In our study, there were 64 lung lesions. 38 lesions were ablated in 25 individuals with MWA with overall success about 84.2%, 26 lesions were ablated in 15 individuals with RFA with overall success about 84.6%, there was no statistical significant differences between MW and RF regarding outcome. Regarding complications there was no intraprocedural death and the overall mortality 60 days post ablation was 0%. No major complication encountered during the procedure. All complications were non significantly more common in the MWA group. The MWA group had much larger lesions and more lesions were hilar or para-hilar in comparison to the RFA group.

Conclusion
Percutaneous thermal ablation is a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment alternative is selected patients.
Ovarian _ Reporting and Data System (O_RADS) Classification of Ovarian Lesions on Ultrasound Basis
Authors: Abd El-Ghaffar Azza , Wahby Tarek , Wardany Gweada Hanan Gweada 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ovarian lesions present a special diagnostic challenge when imaging findings cannot be categorized into benign or malignant pathology. Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are currently used to evaluate ovarian tumors.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of the classification of ovarian lesions on an ultrasound basis.

Patients and Methods
This was a prospective observational study conducted on 30 females with ovarian lesions at the Radiology Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals for 6 months from February to august 2022.

Results
The benign lesions of O-RADS 1, O-RADS 2, O-RADS 3, O-RADS 4, and O-RADS 5 represented 5.3%, 63.2%, 15.8%, 10.5% and 5.3% respectively. The malignant lesions of O-RADS 5, O- RADS 4 represented 81.8%, and 18.2%, respectively. There was a highly statistically significant difference between benign and malignant lesions in terms of the O-RADS score (P &lt; 0.001). In order to assess the diagnostic performance of the O-RADS score to discriminate malignant from benign lesions, a ROC curve analysis was performed. O-RADS score (AUC of 0.959) showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 84.21%, PPV of 78.6%, and NPV of 100%, with the optimal cutoff value for predicting malignancy was &gt;O-RADS 3.

Conclusion
The current study concluded the following: Ultrasonography is definitely an important non- invasive tool and is helpful in diagnosing most cases of ovarian lesions. O-RADS system has good sensitivity and moderate specificity for classifying ovarian lesions.
The Efficiency of Volumetry in Graft Weight Assessment in Living Donor Liver Transplant
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Sobhy , Abbas Sherif Nabil , Elbeheiry Mona Mohamed , Salama Shalaby Nourhan Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage hepatic diseases. The most important factor responsible for the success of the transplant is the size of the graft and the remnant liver volume in the donor. A small graft may not meet the metabolic demands of the recipient resulting in impaired liver functions such as hyperbilirubinemia, prolonged prothrombin time (PT), ascites and portal hypertension.

Patient and Methods
This comparative study was conducted on manual contrast enhanced hepatic CT scans of 40 potential living liver donors (29) male and (11) female Age range from (18 to 50 ) in Ain shams specialized hospital and some private centers during the period from May 2021 till July 2022. The potential donors were investigated using 16 channel multi-detector row CT scanner (Alexion; Toshiba medical systems). All potential donors underwent 1st step laboratory investigations to enter the 2nd step investigations for living donor liver transplantation operations. All potential donors were of average weight and physically fit for operation with no history of any medical diseases.

Results
We correlated the results of CT volumetry of right lobe graft weight with the intra-operative weight of liver graft in patients undergoing Living Donor Liver Transplantation(LDLT). CT Volumetry is an efficient and a reliable tool for assessing potential donors undergoing liver transplant, and this information is essential for donor selection and pre operative surgical planning as well as it ensure that the liver remnant volume is at least 30 % which guarantee the safety of the donor.

Conclusion
The size of the right lobe graft for LDLT can be precisely calculated from pre-operative CT Volumetry with confidence and accuracy up to 95%.
Safety and Efficacy of Directly Acting Antiviral Drugs in Treatment of Chronic HCV Egyptian Patients
Authors: Abdella Heba Mohamed , El Breedy Ashraf Mohammad , Al-Balakosy Amira Mahmoud , El Kassas Mohamed Mahmoud , Mohamed Hegazy Ghada Assem Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The emergence of direct antiviral agents (DAAs), and the campaign done by the National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis (NCCVH) have reduced chronic hepatitis C (CHC) prevalence in Egypt.

Objectives
evaluate the efficacy and safety of used DAAs in affiliated centers.

Methods
an observational prospective and retrospective study including140 eligible patients from October 2017 till December 2019 and who were either starting treatment or during follow- up for 1 year after the end of therapy (EOT). Patients were divided according to the treatment regimen into Group I (SOF/DAC for 12 weeks), Group II (SOF/DAC/RBV for 12 weeks), Group III (SOF/SIM for 12 weeks), Group IV (SOF/DAC for 24 weeks) and Group V (SOF/DAC/RBV for 24 weeks).

Results
DAAs were effective in all groups. Adverse effects occurred in 54 patients (38.6%). The most common complications that occurred were ascites (n = 18) followed by jaundice (n = 17) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 14). Almost all patients (97.1%) in group IV complained of adverse effects compared to other groups with a statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001). Hematemesis occurred in one patient among the whole groups and this patient had been in group IV. There was also a significantly higher proportion of ascites (38.2%) in group IV compared to other groups (p &lt; 0.01), however no significant differences between groups regarding HCC and renal impairment (RI) (p-value= 0.316 and 0.758 respectively) were found. 49 naïve patients suffered from side effects, 31 patients were in group IV, followed by group I (n = 7) then group II (n = 6). 5 experienced patients reported side effects. RI was the most reported side effect (12.5%) among interferon (IFN) experienced and SOF/DAC experienced patients and who were treated among group IV and group V. Hepatic encephalopathy was equally reported (12.5%) in IFN experienced and SOF/RBV experienced patients among group IV or group V. Ascites (6.3%) and jaundice (6.3%) also were reported among group IV. No experienced patient has complained of hematemesis or HCC.

Conclusion
SOF/RBV treatment for 24 weeks had many side effects and should be used with caution.