bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sovereign wealth fund investments and policy implications: a survey
Authors: Meng Chen 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address a research gap by providing a comprehensive survey of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) as international institutional investors and clarifying the definition of SWFs. By doing so, this paper aims to provide a balanced set of policy prescriptions towards SWFs.Design/methodology/approach– This paper conducted a comprehensive survey of world major 24 SWFs with assets under management of 500 million USD between 2008 and 2012. Key dimensions include objectives, funding and governance, asset allocation and investment activities.Findings– SWFs are planning institutions with management direction. They present great variety in terms of funding mechanism, governance, asset allocation and investment strategies, but they in essence pursue financial returns. It is not evident that SWFs are primarily motivated by political objectives and distinctively different from other international institutional investors. Difficulty in interpreting SWFs should not lead to the imposition of constraints on SWFs.Research limitations/implications– More in-depth and dynamic analysis of SWFs requires better data access. For such a purpose, case studies and longitudinal studies should be adopted, with particular emphasis on comparing SWFs with different types of financial institutional investors as well as typical state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and multinational enterprises.Practical implications– This study is trying to demystify SWFs based on a comprehensive survey. As a result, this paper may assist investors, policy-makers and regulators to gain a better understanding of SWFs, their investment behaviours and rationales behind.Social implications– SWFs like other long-term capital is important for economic and job growth. To attract long-term investments, creating an open, unbiased and welcoming investment environment is the key.Originality/value– The contribution of this paper is that we provide a deeper understanding of the strategy and empirics of SWF operations. First, after a clearer definition of the phenomenon of SWFs, we can explain their investment strategies and behaviour as firms. Second, we can derive rational policy prescriptions, and third, we can propose a research agenda that will further deepen our understanding of SWFs and the appropriate policy prescriptions.
To Basel or not to Basel? Banking crises and contagion
Authors: Samitas Aristeidis , Polyzos Stathis 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an object-oriented model of financial simulations which aims to test the applicability and suitability of the proposed measures of Basel III with respect to the prevention of banking crises.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors introduce an object-oriented model of financial simulations in the banking sector, namely, virtual banking (VBanking). The system is based on behavioural simulation of economic agents and allows for transactions between them, using various forms of financial assets. VBanking has been implemented as an automated stand-alone model, allowing for repetitive simulations under the same parameter sets, producing an efficient series of statistical data.

Findings
– Interpretation of the resulting data suggests that some of the criticism against the proposed measures is justified, as neither economic crises nor contagion are diminished under Basel III. At the same time, the authors’ findings support that the stability goal is met, at least in part.

Research limitations/implications
– The model encompasses a relatively small part of the banking sector, while the authors choose not to deal with the production part of the economy. However, these limitations do not hinder the validity and importance of the authors’ findings.

Originality/value
– The originality of this article lies in the use of an object-oriented behavioural model and in the resulting model application that is based on it. This enables the authors to run a series of simulations with different parameters, the results of which the authors can then compare. The authors’ findings can contribute to the authorities’ efforts to ameliorate the policies of Basel III.
Changing the lifestyles of young adults
Authors: Giles Emma Louise , Brennan Mary 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the costs and benefits that young adults perceive to be associated with adopting healthier food, alcohol and physical activity behaviours. Social marketing is used to identify and change behaviours within a segmented audience. The approach uses theoretical insights, and an appreciation of an individual’s environment, and a suite of methods to understand and suggest approaches to change behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
– Focus groups were conducted between April and August 2007 with a sample of 54 young adults aged 19-24 years, from the North East of England. Qualitative thematic analysis was undertaken using Nvivo software.

Findings
– Young adults recognise future health benefits that they could gain from following healthier lifestyle behaviours; however, at their present age, their focus is on benefits such as weight regulation and improving one’s appearance. External competitive forces act against these benefits and result in time and effort costs associated with accepting the proposition of healthier lifestyle behaviours.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to limited research which has been conducted at the time of “emerging adulthood”, the period of 18-25 years of age. This is despite this being an opportunistic moment in young adult’s lives to encourage them to adopt healthier lifestyle behaviours. Given these results, health messages may need to be reframed to better account for the benefits and costs that young adults associate with healthier lifestyles.
Luxury fashion brands
Authors: Wu Meng-Shan Sharon , Chaney Isabella , Chen Cheng-Hao Steve , Nguyen Bang , Melewar T.C. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper offers insights into the consumption motives and purchasing behaviour of that market segment in Taiwan against the background of increasing consumption of luxury fashion brands by young female consumers in Asian countries.Design/methodology/approach– Analysis of data collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 23 fashion-conscious females aged 18-32 years was completed and new empirical insights are offered.Findings– The study found a high level of involvement in the world of luxury fashion retailing. Asian consumers devoured media commentary, drew inspiration from female celebrities and treated information-seeking and discussion of luxury fashion brands with friends as a serious and enjoyable pursuit. The social status conferred by expensive fashion wear motivated them to spend on luxury brands even if their discretionary income was limited. Potential guilt in so doing was assuaged by rationalising that the quality was good and the purchase would be long lasting. Marketers targeting this valuable segment should communicate appeals to an aspirational lifestyle in traditional and social media, effective at reaching young women.Originality/value– The study reported in this paper contributes to the limited published research into the luxury-marketing sector in Asia by examining the buying behaviour of female Strawberry Generation consumers in Taiwan. It is the first to research and investigate the meanings attached to luxury by these individuals in the collectivist culture of Taiwan, as well as their motivations, and the factors influencing their purchase of luxury fashions. The study thus contributes with new knowledge to the buying of luxury fashion products by young female Taiwanese consumers, which may be extended to other collectivist cultures in Asia.
Sheet metal forming using FDM rapid prototype tool
Authors: Durgun Ismail 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate usage of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based sheet metal tooling for small lot productions as a real case. FDM-based sheet metal tooling was used for stamping prototype parts for two different materials to evaluate dimensional conformance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The experimental process of data capture used the following steps: sheet metal parts were stamped and optically scanned at every 10th interval for both DC04 and S355MC material. FDM-based upper and lower dies were optically scanned at 1st, 51st and 101st intervals. Dimensional conformance analyses were carried out by using scanned data to evaluate the behavior of FDM dies against DC04 and S355MC materials in terms of geometric deviation.

Findings
– Satisfactory results were obtained for DC04 material by using FDM-based tooling, and overall deviation was at an acceptable level in terms of production tolerance. S355MC material is harder than DC04 and results were not convenient in terms of tolerance range. Geometric deviation of FDM dies was slightly increased and after the 50th part, increased drastically due to squeezing of FDM layers. Experiments showed that this method can be used for DC04 material and up to 100 parts can be stamped within the tolerance range. Using FDM-based sheet metal tooling, product development phase can be shortened in terms of leading time.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a study to create an alternative tooling method to shorten product cycle and product development phase by integrating rapid tooling methods to low-volume production.
Selective laser sintering manufacturing of polycaprolactone bone scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Mazzoli Alida , Ferretti C , Gigante A , Salvolini E , Mattioli-Belmonte M 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to show how selective laser sintering (SLS) manufacturing of bioresorbable scaffolds is used for applications in bone tissue engineering.

Design/methodology/approach
– Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were computationally designed and then fabricated via SLS for applications in bone and cartilage repair.

Findings
– Preliminary biocompatibility data were acquired using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) assuring a satisfactory scaffold colonization by hMSCs.

Originality/value
– A promising procedure for producing porous scaffolds for the repair of skeletal defects, in tissue engineering applications, was developed.
Curved Layer Adaptive Slicing (CLAS) for fused deposition modelling
Authors: Huang Bin , Singamneni Sarat B 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to develop a new slicing method for fused deposition modelling (FDM), the curved layer adaptive slicing (CLAS), combining adaptive flat layer and curved layer slicing together.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research begins with a review of current curved layer and adaptive slicing algorithms employed in the FDM and further improvement of the same, where possible. The two approaches are then integrated to develop the adaptive curved layer slicing based on the three-plane intersection method for curved layer offsetting and consideration of facet angles together with the residual heights for adaptive slicing. A practical implementation showed that curved layer adaptive layers respond in similar lines to the flat layer counterparts in terms of the mechanical behaviour of FDM parts.

Findings
– CLAS is effective in capturing sharply varying surface profiles and other finer part details, apart from imparting fibre continuity. Three-point bending tests on light curved parts made of curved layers of varying thicknesses prove thicker curved layers to result in better mechanical properties.

Research limitations/implications
– The algorithms developed in this research can handle relatively simple shapes to develop adaptive curved slices, but further developments are necessary for more complex shapes. The test facilities also need further improvements, to be able to programmatically implement adaptive curved layer slicing over a wide range of thicknesses.

Practical implications
– When fully developed and implemented, CLAS will allow for better FDM part construction with lesser build times.

Originality/value
– This research fills a gap in terms of integrating both curved layer and adaptive slicing techniques to better slice and build a part of given geometry using FDM.
Developing a methodology for analysis and manufacturing of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint using rapid prototyping technique
Authors: Abouel Nasr Emad , Al-Ahmari Abdurahman Mushabab , Alkhawashki Hazem , Altamimi Abdulsalam , Alkhuraisi Mohammed 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to design and analyze four proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) prosthesis thorough finite element analysis (FEA) and fabricate them using rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Arthritis of the finger joints is an important pathology of the hand. Major complaints in arthritis are stiffness, deformity and severe pain. The pain is due to the inflammatory process that occurs due to pathology, which involves joint degeneration, synovial swelling and ligament and muscle stiffness. Among the surgical treatment of arthritis is Arthroplasty which involves replacing the diseased joint with an artificial joint.Design/methodology/approach– In this paper, four proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) prostheses are designed, analyzed using FEA and fabricated using rapid prototyping technique. Four different prostheses “BM”, “IMP”, “IMP2” and “FINS” are designed using CATIA software and tested by normal daily functions such as grasp, key pinch and tip pinch tests using FEA to analyze the results based on their stress and deformation. Finally, the prostheses are fabricated using electron beam melting technology.Findings– This paper examined and analyzed the relative motion of PIP designs using FEA by applying varying loads to check the stability and range of motion of the PIP implant. The ANSYS summary results were analyzed depending on the minimal results of equivalent stress and deformation from the taken tests that have happened on the designed prosthesis. The results conclude that, in the grasp test, the minimal equivalent stress and deformation have happened on the “BM” and “IMP2” implants. Furthermore, in the key pinch test, minimal equivalent stress and deformation occurred on the “FINS” implant, and finally, in the tip pinch, minimal equivalent stress occurred on the “FINS” and minimal deformation has happened on the “IMP2” implant.Research limitations/implications– These results conclude that both “IMP2” and “FINS” share the minimum results in the taken tests, and this shows that these implants may be further studied brainstormed upon to aid innovation of a better implant design that shares both of these implants’ features and shape. Nevertheless, testing in an in vivo or in vitro model to prove more of the effectiveness of these implants should be taken into consideration, and to test how the prostheses will function in an actual environment, a simulated hand can be designed and made to discover the true forces and mechanics of the fingers and the hands with the prosthesis that is implanted, as well as to know if the hand works properly.Originality/value– This paper examined and analyzed the relative motion of PIP designs using FEA by applying varying loads to check the stability and range of motion of the PIP implant.
Diehard Conservatives and the Appeasement of Nazi Germany, 1935–1940
Authors: Fleming N. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHistorians have tended to examine right‐wing British responses to Adolf Hitler on the basis of a supposed admiration or political affinity for Nazism. This article argues that the dilemma which actually split diehard Conservatives was between challenging Germany before it was too late, and a conviction that Britain lacked the means to do so. Both positions were predicated on a belief that Britain needed to accelerate rearmament, and that Nazi Germany posed a direct threat to British power. Ideology is not irrelevant, but the public statements and actions of diehard MPs reveal that their primary motivation was to resist internal and external threats to Britain's position as a world power. This resulted in an unprecedented division in diehard ranks over Neville Chamberlain's foreign policy, though diehard unity on colonial appeasement recalled an older tradition of working together in defence of the empire.
Pilgrims, Paupers or Progenitors: Religious Constructions of British Emigration from the 1840s to 1870s
Authors: Strong Rowan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article examines the public attitudes of various religious commentators in Britain towards emigrants and emigration in the mid‐Victorian decades. These figures include bishops, Anglican clergy (but also those of some other denominations), those directly involved in ministry to emigrants, and lay proponents of emigration. It also contrasts their views with those of more secular commentators influenced by political economy. The article argues that while religious commentary proposed emigration to be a good thing, for emigrants and for the expansion of Christianity and the British empire, this contrasted with a more sceptical attitude towards steerage immigrants by Thomas Malthus. It also contrasted with a focus on amelioration of conditions for emigrants by those in emigration ministry, who saw emigrants as assisting the extension of the Church rather than the empire.
Arson, Treason and Plot: Britain, America and the Law, 1770‐1777
Authors: Morgan Gwenda , Rushton Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe problems of arson, treason and national security became entangled in the politics of Britain and its Atlantic empire between 1770 and 1777. Fears of French military terrorism were compounded by the increasingly violent resistance of the American colonies. Two dockyard fires in Portsmouth, in 1770 and 1777, and the attack on, and burning of, the royal navy ship Gaspee off Rhode Island in 1772, provoked both legal and political difficulties for the British government. New laws on arson and treason were passed yet proved almost impossible to implement in full outside England.
Influence of lecithin on the processing stability of model whey protein hydrolysate‐based infant formula emulsions
Authors: Drapala Kamil P , Auty Mark A E , Mulvihill Daniel M , O'Mahony James A 
Published: June 2015

Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH)‐based oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions containing lecithin (0–5%, w/w, oil) were produced and stored at 4 °C for 14 days. Surface tension and interfacial tension of these systems were measured for formulation development. Fat globule size distribution (FGSD) analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to assess the physical stability of emulsions during storage and identify mechanisms of instability. Lecithin decreased interfacial tension between oil and aqueous phases of model emulsions and allowed formation of smaller oil droplets on homogenisation. However, low‐intermediate levels (1–3%) of lecithin caused coalescence and shift to bimodal FGSD during storage of emulsions.
Population‐based trends in prenatal screening and diagnosis for aneuploidy: a retrospective analysis of 38 years of state‐wide data
Authors: Hui L , Muggli EE , Halliday JL 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo analyse population‐based trends over the entire history of prenatal testing for aneuploidy.DesignRetrospective analysis of state‐wide data sets.SettingAustralian state of Victoria with ~70 000 annual births.PopulationAll pregnant women undergoing invasive prenatal testing at <25 weeks' gestation from 1976 to 2013.MethodsAnalysis of three state‐wide data sets: (1) Prenatal diagnosis data set of 119 404 amniocenteses and chorionic villus samplings from 1976 to 2013; (2) central serum screening laboratory data set from 1996 to 2013; (3) government birth statistics from 1976 to 2013.Main outcome measuresAnnual numbers and uptake rates of invasive prenatal tests and serum screening, indications for invasive prenatal testing, prenatal diagnoses of aneuploidy, diagnostic yield of invasive tests.ResultsAnnual numbers of invasive prenatal tests climbed steadily from 1976, then declined from 2000. In 2013, the number of invasive prenatal tests was the lowest in 25 years, while the number of trisomy 21 diagnoses was the highest ever recorded. Annual uptake of serum screening climbed from 1.6 to 83% over 1996–2013. Results from 2013 showed a high diagnostic yield (15.8%) for a low rate of invasive testing (3.4% of births). Over four decades, the number of invasive procedures performed for each diagnosis of major chromosome abnormality declined from 100 to six.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates historic reductions in the proportion of women undergoing invasive testing and dramatic improvements in diagnostic yield. Monitoring the impact of new prenatal technologies on this progress remains an important research priority.Tweetable abstractInvasive prenatal testing has reached historic lows due to dramatic improvements in Down syndrome screening.
Microbial synthesis of chalcogenide semiconductor nanoparticles: a review
Authors: Jacob Jaya Mary , Lens Piet N. L. , Balakrishnan Raj Mohan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryChalcogenide semiconductor quantum dots are emerging as promising nanomaterials due to their size tunable optoelectronic properties. The commercial synthesis and their subsequent integration for practical uses have, however, been contorted largely due to the toxicity and cost issues associated with the present chemical synthesis protocols. Accordingly, there is an immediate need to develop alternative environment‐friendly synthesis procedures. Microbial factories hold immense potential to achieve this objective. Over the past few years, bacteria, fungi and yeasts have been experimented with as eco‐friendly and cost‐effective tools for the biosynthesis of semiconductor quantum dots. This review provides a detailed overview about the production of chalcogen‐based semiconductor quantum particles using the inherent microbial machinery.
Radiographer technique: Does it contribute to the question of clip migration?
Authors: Madeley Carolyn R , Kessell Meredith Anita , Madeley Chris JD , Taylor Donna Blanche , Wylie Elizabeth Jane 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionMarker clips are commonly deployed at the site of a percutaneous breast biopsy. Studies have shown that displacement of the clip from the site of deployment is not uncommon. The objective of this study was to determine how much ‘migration’ could be seen with fixed structures within the breast tissue across three consecutive annual screening examinations, and therefore attempt to quantify how much of the reported clip migration could be due to radiographer technique.MethodsLarge, easily identified benign calcifications were measured by two investigators across three consecutive cycles of screening mammography. The position of the calcifications on the two standard mammographic views was measured in two planes. Other variables recorded included breast size and density, compression force used, and location of the benign calcifications within the breast.ResultsIn 38% of cases, benign breast calcifications showed a mimicked movement of >15 mm in at least one plane. This was greatest in large breasts, those where fibroglandular tissue occupied less than 50% of the breast volume, and in the upper outer quadrant of the breast where mimicked movement >10 mm was noted in up to 90% of the larger breasts.ConclusionFixed immobile objects in the breast can appear to move a distance of >15 mm in up to 30% of cases. Clinically, some of what has previously been called marker ‘migration’ may be spurious and accounted for by differences in radiographic positioning techniques.