bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubilisation of camptothecin by nonionic surfactants and alkyldimethylamine oxides
Authors: Pisárčik Martin , Polakovičová Mája , Devínsky Ferdinand 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The solubilisation of poorly soluble antineoplastic drug camptothecin by nonionic surfactants (polysorbates and octylphenol ethoxylates) and alkyldimethylamine oxide surfactants with the alkyl chain length 8 to 16 carbon atoms was investigated. The hydrophobicity of the solubilising agent turned out to be the primary structural parameter controlling the solubility efficiency of camptothecin in an aqueous solution. The quantitative parameter of solubilisation (drug loading coefficient) provided values in the range of 0.1–1.2% and 0.1–1.0% for alkyldimethylamine oxides and nonionic surfactants, respectively. The decreasing number of oxyethylene units and the extension of the hydrophobic part of nonionic surfactant molecule resulted in the increase of camptothecin solubility. From the dynamic light scattering measurements, the hydrodynamic diameter values of camptothecin-loaded alkyldimethylamine oxide and nonionic micelles were found in the range of 4–42 nm and 5–120 nm, respectively. The experimental values confirmed the increase in micellar size with the increasing alkyl chain length. The values of the packing parameter of camptothecin-loaded dodecyldimethylamine oxide micelles indicate their spherical shape at all the investigated surfactant concentrations. A simple computer model of camptothecin-loaded dodecyldimethylamine oxide micelle provided the diameter of the structure cross section which is consistent with the experimental values.
Quels critères environnementaux pour le commerce équitable ? Croyances et attentes chez les consommateurs
Authors: Pernin Jean-Louis , Carimentrand Aurélie 
Published: January 2013

Cet article questionne la tendance au renforcement des critères environnementaux dans les cahiers des charges des principaux acteurs du commerce équitable au regard des croyances et des attentes des consommateurs. Sont analysées en parallèle les règles environnementales du commerce équitables avec les résultats d’une enquête sur les croyances et les attentes des consommateurs français de café. Certaines règles bien fondées dans les standards du commerce équitable comme l’interdiction des organismes génétiquement modifiés et la limitation de l’usage de pesticides et d’engrais chimiques sont peu connues des consommateurs. D’autres, paradoxalement, faisant partie de leurs principales croyances, comme « favoriser les cultures vivrières et limiter la monoculture », sont peu présentes dans les standards actuels et paraissent difficile à imposer, compte-tenu de la configuration actuelle du marché de l’équitable, dominé par les marques de distributeur.
L'économie politique du brevet au Sud : dimensions industrielle et sanitaire
Authors: Guennif Samira 
Published: January 2013

Depuis la ratification de l’accord sur les Aspects de Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle touchant au Commerce en 1994, on n’a cessé de questionner ses effets possibles au Sud. Face aux promesses et aux risques formulés tant en matière de développement industriel que de développement sanitaire, cet article propose d’éclairer l’économie politique du brevet au Sud à travers une analyse comparative des trajectoires brésilienne, indienne et thaïlandaise. Cette analyse permet de montrer que le renforcement du brevet peut nuire au développement de capacités industrielles dans la pharmacie et à l’accessibilité des médicaments dans les pays en développement.
La mesure de l'efficacité financière et sociale des institutions de microfinance du réseau MC² au Cameroun
Authors: Nzongang Joseph , Piot-Lepetit Isabelle , Kamdem David 
Published: January 2013

Les études réalisées sur la mesure de la performance des institutions de microfinance en utilisant l’approche non paramétrique DEA se sont intéressées soit à l’approche production, soit à l’approche intermédiation. Aucune, à notre connaissance, n’a associé les deux approches dans la mesure de l’efficience de ces institutions. Cet article vient combler cette carence en utilisant une méthode DEA multi-approches pour mesurer la performance financière et la performance sociale des IMF du réseau MC 2 au Cameroun. En se basant sur l’efficience technique, les résultats de cette recherche montrent qu’il n’y a pas antinomie entre performance financière et performance sociale, les deux se construisent conjointement.
L'interprétation et le film étranger
Authors: Kern Bonnie 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Kramer contre Kramer arrive en France annoncé comme un film américain « à succès », cette « étiquette » impliquant habituellement un jugement négatif dans le contexte d’un débat polarisé entre le cinéma commercial et le cinéma d’auteur. Certains critiques l’ont en revanche perçu comme un film « à sujet » : une fois considéré comme paraphrase fictionnelle de la condition paternelle du monde réel, il a finalement été reçu favorablement grâce à sa vraisemblance. À la sortie du film, la construction par France-Soir d’une communauté franco-américaine d’interprétation – partageant ce même avis – allait dans le sens de la séduction des lecteurs à l’heure d’une croissante « améri-canomanie » en France.
Quand les mots sortent du cadre. Ou Ben au supermarché
Authors: Azam Martine 
Published: January 2013

Résumé La question de l’interprétation des œuvres trouve un relief particulier lorsqu’elles sortent du cadre où elles sont supposées être vues et, à ce titre, les « objets Ben » destinés aux adolescents offrent une illustration exemplaire de cette convergence entre la logique du marketing et celle d’une problématique artistique. Les étapes de la découverte de Ben, ainsi que les prises dont les adolescents se saisissent pour l’intégrer à leur univers culturel conduisent à interroger la thèse actuelle d’un bouleversement des pratiques culturelles et des échelles de légitimité. Les résultats de l’enquête ne permettent pas de trancher mais ils mettent par contre bien en évidence ce que l’on peut considérer comme un préalable à un réel bouleversement des pratiques culturelles, la migration de l’art dans la sphère du quotidien. En portant l’attention sur ce que les adolescents disent des objets Ben, nous verrons que, si les objets quotidiens permettent la dissémination de l’œuvre en direction de publics élargis, l’inscription de l’art dans le registre du marketing ne conduit pas à sa dilution, pas plus qu’à sa dissolution.
DifferentialLy49eExpression Pathways in Resting versus TCR-Activated Intraepithelial γδ T Cells
Authors: Van Den Broeck Tina , Van Ammel Els , Delforche Maarten , Taveirne Sylvie , Kerre Tessa , Vandekerckhove Bart , Taghon Tom , Plum Jean , Leclercq Georges 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Ly49 NK receptor family in mice is composed of several members that recognize MHC class I (MHC-I) or MHC-I–related molecules. We and others have shown before that Ly49E is a unique member, with a different expression pattern on NK cells and being triggered by the non–MHC-I–related protein urokinase plasminogen activator. Among the entire Ly49 receptor family, Ly49E is the only Ly49 member expressed by epidermal-localized γδ T cells and their fetal thymic TCRγδ precursors, and it is the most abundantly expressed member on intestinal intraepithelial γδ T cell lymphocytes. In this study, we provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of Ly49e expression in γδ T cells. First, we demonstrate that TCR-mediated activation of intraepithelial γδ T cells significantly increases Ly49E expression. This results from de novo Ly49E expression and is highly selective, because no other Ly49 family members are induced. TCR-mediated Ly49E induction is a conserved feature of skin- and gut-residing intraepithelial-localized γδ T cell subsets, whereas it is not observed in spleen γδ T cells. By investigating Ly49e promoter activities and lymphotoxin (LT) αβ dependency in resting versus TCR-activated intraepithelial γδ T cells, we reveal two separate regulatory pathways for Ly49E expression, as follows: a LTαβ-dependent pathway leading to basal Ly49E expression in resting cells that is induced by Pro2-mediated Ly49e transcription, and a LTαβ-independent pathway leading to elevated, Pro3-driven Ly49E expression in TCR-stimulated cells.
Distinct Populations of Innate CD8+ T Cells Revealed in a CXCR3 Reporter Mouse
Authors: Oghumu Steve , Dong Ran , Varikuti Sanjay , Shawler Todd , Kampfrath Thomas , Terrazas Cesar A. , Lezama-Davila Claudio , Ahmer Brian M. M. , Whitacre Caroline C. , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Locksley Richard , Sharpe Arlene H. , Satoskar Abhay R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
CXCR3, expressed mainly on activated T and NK cells, is implicated in a host of immunological conditions and can contribute either to disease resolution or pathology. We report the generation and characterization of a novel CXCR3 internal ribosome entry site bicistronic enhanced GFP reporter (CIBER) mouse in which enhanced GFP expression correlates with surface levels of CXCR3. Using CIBER mice, we identified two distinct populations of innate CD8+ T cells based on constitutive expression of CXCR3. We demonstrate that CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells preferentially express higher levels of Ly6C and CD122, but lower levels of CCR9 compared with CXCR3− innate CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells express higher transcript levels of antiapoptotic but lower levels of proapoptotic factors, respond more robustly to IL-2 and IL-15, and produce significantly more IFN-γ and granzyme B. Interestingly, CXCR3+ innate CD8+ T cells do not respond to IL-12 or IL-18 alone, but produce significant amounts of IFN-γ on stimulation with a combination of these cytokines. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that CXCR3+ and CXCR3− innate CD8+ T cells are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These newly generated CIBER mice provide a novel tool for studying the role of CXCR3 and CXCR3-expressing cells in vivo.
A Rare Case of Sessile Polypoidal Xanthoma of Vocal Cord
Authors: Shah Pankaj , Katarkar Ashish , Modh Datt , Jain Anil Kumar , Jain Sanyogita , Alam Noorain , Lakum Nayna 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
We report a rare case of sessile polypoidal xanthoma of vocal cord in a 38-year-old female, presented with complaint of hoarseness of voice for 3 months. Hopkins telescopic examination showed a sessile polyp arising from the anterior aspect of laryngeal vocal cord. With clinical diagnosis of vocal cord polyp, microlaryngeal surgery was done and tissue was sent for histopathological and culture examination. Histopathological findings showed features of polypoidal xanthoma. Culture was negative.

How to cite this article
Jain AK, Jain S, Katarkar A, Alam N, Lakum N, Shah P, Modh D. A Rare Case of Sessile Polypoidal Xanthoma of Vocal Cord. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(2): 66-68.
Hypoglossia with Mandibular and Palatal Abnormalities
Authors: Shetty Shishir , Anusha RL , Thomas Priya Sara , Babu Subhas G 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Tongue is the most mobile organ of the body with multiple functions, such as speech, mastication, taste and swallowing. Numerous congenital and developmental disorders of the tongue have been reported in literature. Hypoglossia, also known as microglossia, is one of the rare anomalies. Usually hypoglossia is associated with many other systemic abnormalities but rarely found as an isolated entity. Lack of tongue development leads to decreased mandibular growth. The aim of this article is to report a rare case of isolated hypoglossia and resultant micrognathia. Presence of palatal and faucial pillar abnormalities with hypoglossia which is extremely rare is also highlighted in our report.

How to cite this article
Shetty S, Anusha RL, Thomas PS, Babu SG. Hypoglossia with Mandibular and Palatal Abnormalities. Int J Phonosurg and Laryngol 2012;2(2):85-87.
A Method for Robust Strategic Railway Dispatch Applied to a Single Track Line
Authors: Harrod Steven 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A method is presented for global optimization of a dispatch plan assuming perfect information over a given time horizon. An example problem is solved for the North American case of a single dominant high-speed train sharing a network with a majority flow of slower trains. Initial dispatch priority and speed changes to selected trains consume network capacity, but incremental speed increases of these trains, combined with appropriate dispatch strategies, are beneficial to the network as a whole. Further, specific siding enhancements demonstrate measureable improvements in network flow.
Toward Sustainable Trucking:
Authors: Larson, Paul D. , Elias, Arne , Viafara Jairo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA trucking company president recently exclaimed: “Life is not trucking, but trucking is life.” Indeed, the goods that support North American lifestyles today are mostly delivered by trucks. Trucking also employs large numbers of people, burns billions of gallons of fuel, and produces tremendous tonnage of harmful emissions. This article combines the literature with lessons from green transportation leaders to identify four themes regarding movement toward sustainable trucking: (1) there are many ways to reduce emissions and fuel consumption; (2) many of these methods require substantial capital investment; (3) collaboration among the relevant stakeholders is needed to move forward; and (4) ultimately people—such as consumers, truck drivers, owner-operators, and taxpayers—will determine the future of trucking.
The Predicament of Domestic Airline Service after the Introduction of Taiwan High-Speed Rail
Authors: Jeng Chi-Ruey , Su Chao-Hsu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The launch of the Taiwan High-speed Rail (HSR) service in 2007 has significantly changed intercity travel in the Taiwan western corridor. The HSR links Taipei with Kaohsiung (Zuoying), a total distance of 345 kilometers (km), via a ninety-minute journey. Notably, this new service has considerably reduced air transportation volumes, bringing about a decline of approximately 70 percent. This study uses statistical data covering the period following the establishment of the high-speed rail to examine its impact on the domestic airline industry. Over relatively short distances, such as 350 km, high-speed rail has various advantages over air travel, including higher frequency and more reliable departures, a central location of departure, and reduced time-consuming security checks, among others. Accordingly, airlines must revise their competitive strategies. This study makes several suggestions, which may be useful for airlines in Taiwan and elsewhere planning to introduce high-speed rail. For example, airlines should consider adopting a low-cost carrier business model as well as focusing on flights to regions not served by high-speed rail. For example, airlines could operate leisure routes linking the populated western seaboard of Taiwan with the east coast and the offshore islands. This approach would facilitate integration between high-speed rail and the airlines. Airlines can incorporate high-speed rail services into their networks as hubs to complement and substitute for short-distance aircraft services.
Ultra‐Smooth and Ultra‐Strong Ion‐Exchanged Glass as Substrates for Organic Electronics
Authors: Käfer Daniel , He Mingqian , Li Jianfeng , Pambianchi Michael S. , Feng Jiangwei , Mauro John C. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe introduction of new substrate materials into the world of electronics has previously opened up new possibilities for novel applications and device designs. Here, the use of ion‐exchanged sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) glass is presented as a new type of substrate that is not only highly damage resistant, but also allows the fabrication of high performance organic electronic devices. The smoothness of the NAS glass surface enables favorable growth of the semiconductor layer, enabling high charge carrier mobilities for typical organic semiconductors, such as pentacene or C60, and a polymer semiconductor. No degradation of the device performance is observed as a result of ion migration into the active device region, and no compromise in substrate strength due to the processing conditions is made. This work suggests the possibility of new, highly durable electronic devices on glass in large area format.
Fluorene‐Based Asymmetric Bipolar Universal Hosts for White Organic Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Mondal Ejabul , Hung Wen‐Yi , Dai Hung‐Chi , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo new bipolar host molecules composed of hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting cyano (CzFCN) or oxadiazole (CzFOxa)‐substituted fluorenes are synthesized and characterized. The non‐conjugated connections, via an sp3‐hybridized carbon, effectively block the electronic interactions between electron‐donating and ‐accepting moieties, giving CzFCN and CzFOxa bipolar charge transport features with balanced mobilities (10−5 to 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The meta–meta configuration of the fluorene‐based acceptors allows the bipolar hosts to retain relatively high triplet energies [ET = 2.70 eV (CzFOxa) and 2. 86 eV (CzFCN)], which are sufficiently high for hosting blue phosphor. Using a common device structure – ITO/PEDOT:PSS/DTAF/TCTA/host:10% dopants (from blue to red)/DPPS/LiF/Al – highly efficient electrophosphorescent devices are successfully achieved. CzFCN‐based devices demonstrate better performance characteristics, with maximum ηext of 15.1%, 17.9%, 17.4%, 18%, and 20% for blue (FIrpic), green [(PPy)2Ir(acac)], yellowish‐green [m‐(Tpm)2Ir(acac)], yellow [(Bt)2Ir(acac)], and red [Os(bpftz)2(PPhMe2)2, OS1], respectively. In addition, combining yellowish‐green m‐(Tpm)2Ir(acac) with a blue emitter (FIrpic) and a red emitter (OS1) within a single emitting layer hosted by bipolar CzFCN, three‐color electrophosphorescent WOLEDs with high efficiencies (17.3%, 33.4 cd A−1, 30 lm W −1), high color stability, and high color‐rendering index (CRI) of 89.7 can also be realized.
Exploring the relationship between dental wear and status in late medieval subadults from England
Authors: Dawson Heidi , Brown Kate Robson 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDental wear patterns were recorded on 458 deciduous molar teeth, of 142 subadults from late medieval (AD 1086–1539) England, to explore the relationship between dental wear and burial status of children. A new ordinal method for scoring dental wear stages on the deciduous molar teeth was devised. It was postulated that if a discernible relationship between dental wear stage and burial location could be seen then this could reflect a difference in diet between those receiving higher or lower status burial. The dental wear stages recorded were statistically similar for the dentitions of subadults from different cemeteries, as well as from different burial locations, indicating a comparable diet for the children studied. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined multispectroscopic and molecular docking investigation on the interaction between strictosamide and human serum albumin
Authors: Pu Hanlin , Jiang Hua , Chen Rongrong 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe interaction between strictosamide (STM) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular modeling under physiological pH 7.4. STM effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA via static quenching. The binding site number n and apparent binding constant Ka were determined at different temperatures by fluorescence quenching. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) for the reaction were calculated as −3.01 kJ/mol and 77.75 J/mol per K, respectively, which suggested that the hydrophobic force played major roles in stabilizing the HSA–STM complex. The distance r between donor and acceptor was obtained to be 4.10 nm according to Förster's theory. After the addition of STM, the synchronous fluorescence and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectral results showed that the hydrophobicity of amino acid residues increased and the circular dichroism spectral results showed that the α‐helix content of HSA decreased (from 61.48% to 57.73%). These revealed that the microenvironment and conformation of HSA were changed in the binding reaction. Furthermore, the study of molecular modeling indicated that STM could bind to site I of HSA and the hydrophobic interaction was the major acting force, which was in agreement with the binding mode study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Hasan Syeda T. , Meydani Mohsen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid‐mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid‐mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid‐mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPARγ, and LXRα) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase‐1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG‐CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐I (CPT‐1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid‐metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid‐mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life‐span observed in animal models. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(1):101–121, 2013
Curcumin and obesity
Authors: Bradford Peter G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTurmeric has been long recognized for its anti‐inflammatory and health‐promoting properties. Curcumin is one of the principal anti‐inflammatory and healthful components of turmeric comprising 2–8% of most turmeric preparations. Experimental evidence supports the activity of curcumin in promoting weight loss and reducing the incidence of obesity‐related diseases. With the discovery that obesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade metabolic inflammation, phytochemicals like curcumin which have anti‐inflammatory activity are being intensely investigated. Recent scientific research reveals that curcumin directly interacts with white adipose tissue to suppress chronic inflammation. In adipose tissue, curcumin inhibits macrophage infiltration and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activation induced by inflammatory agents. Curcumin reduces the expression of the potent proinflammatory adipokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 (PAI‐1), and it induces the expression of adiponectin, the principal anti‐inflammatory agent secreted by adipocytes. Curcumin also has effects to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and to promote antioxidant activities. Through these diverse mechanisms curcumin reduces obesity and curtails the adverse health effects of obesity. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(1):78–87, 2013