bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addiction to Sugar and Its Link to Health Morbidity
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath 
Published: May 2014

Objectives: The average consumption of sugar in the Malaysian population has reached an alarming rate, exceeding the benchmark recommended by experts. This article argues the need of a paradigm shift in the management of sugar consumption in the country through evidence derived from addiction research. Methods: “Food addiction” could lead to high levels of sugar consumption. This probable link could accelerate the development of diabetes and obesity in the community. A total of 94 reports and studies that describe the importance of addiction theory–based interventions were found through a search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Complete. Results: Research in the field of addiction medicine has revealed the addictive potential of high levels of sugar intake. Preexisting health promotion strategies could benefit from the integration of the concept of sugar addiction. A targeted intervention could yield more positive results in health outcomes within the country. Conclusion: Current literature seems to support food environment changes, targeted health policies, and special consultation skills as cost-effective remedies to curb the rise of sugar-related health morbidities.
D-dimer to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism: a management study
Authors: Palareti Gualtiero , Cosmi Benilde , Legnani Cristina , Antonucci Emilia , De Micheli Valeria , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Poli Daniela , Testa Sophie , Tosetto Alberto , Pengo Vittorio , Prandoni Paolo 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
The duration of anticoagulation after VTE is uncertain; this management study intended to identify patients with low/high recurrence risk. Patients with persistently negative D-dimers after stopping standard therapy have a low recurrence risk and can stop anticoagulation.
In utero depletion of fetal hematopoietic stem cells improves engraftment after neonatal transplantation in mice
Authors: Derderian S. Christopher , Togarrati P. Priya , King Charmin , Moradi Patriss W. , Reynaud Damien , Czechowicz Agnieszka , Weissman Irving L. , MacKenzie Tippi C. 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsIn utero injection of an antibody against the c-Kit receptor can effectively deplete host HSCs in mice. In utero depletion of host HSCs leads to significantly increased engraftment after neonatal congenic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Brain areas involved in the acupuncture treatment of AD model rats: a PET study
Authors: Lu Yangjia , Huang Yong , Tang Chunzhi , Shan Baoci , Cui Shaoyang , Yang Junjun , Chen Junqi , Lin Renyong , Xiao Huiling , Qu Shanshan , Lai Xinsheng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Acupuncture may effectively treat certain symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although several studies have used functional brain imaging to investigate the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment on AD, these mechanisms are still poorly understood. We therefore further explored the mechanism by which needling at ST36 may have a therapeutic effect in a rat AD model.

Methods
A total of 80 healthy Wistar rats were divided into healthy control (n = 15) and pre-model (n = 65) groups. After inducing AD-like disease, a total of 45 AD model rats were randomly divided into three groups: the model group (n = 15), the sham-point group (n = 15), and the ST36 group (n = 15). The above three groups underwent PET scanning. PET images were processed with SPM2.

Results
The brain areas that were activated in the sham-point group relative to the model group were primarily centred on the bilateral limbic system, the right frontal lobe, and the striatum, whereas the activated areas in the ST36 group were primarily centred on the bilateral limbic system (pyriform cortex), the bilateral temporal lobe (olfactory cortex), the right amygdala and the right hippocampus. Compared with the sham-point group, the ST36 group showed greater activation in the bilateral amygdalae and the left temporal lobe.

Conclusion
We concluded that needling at a sham point or ST36 can increase blood perfusion and glycol metabolism in certain brain areas, and thus may have a positive influence on the cognition of AD patients.
Performance analysis of probabilistic soft SSDF attack in cooperative spectrum sensing
Authors: Zhang Linyuan , Wu Qihui , Ding Guoru , Feng Shuo , Wang Jinlong 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In cognitive radio networks, spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attack is a crucial factor deteriorating the detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing. In this paper, we propose and analyze a novel probabilistic soft SSDF attack model, which goes beyond the existing models for its generalization. Under this generalized SSDF attack model, we firstly obtain closed form expressions of global sensing performance at the fusion center. Then, we theoretically evaluate the performance of the proposed attack model, in terms of destructiveness and stealthiness, sequentially. Numerical simulations match the analytical results well. Last but not least, an interesting trade-off between destructiveness and stealthiness is discovered, which is a fundamental issue involved in SSDF attack, however, ignored by most of the previous studies.
Reactivity to fearful expressions of familiar and unfamiliar people in children with autism: an eye-tracking pupillometry study
Authors: Nuske Heather J , Vivanti Giacomo , Dissanayake Cheryl 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with autism are often reported to have difficulty with emotion processing. However, clinical and experimental data show that they are sensitive to familiarity; for example, they show normative attachment to familiar people, and have normative brain activity in response to familiar faces. To date, no study has measured their reactivity to the emotions of familiar vs. unfamiliar people. Thus, our aim was to determine whether individuals with autism would show normative reactivity to emotion in familiar people.MethodsParticipants were 21 children with autism and 21 children with typical development, aged two to five years, matched on age and gender. The children observed videos of familiar people (their child-care teachers) and unfamiliar people expressing fear, whilst their visual attention and pupillary reactions were recorded (the latter as an index of emotional reactivity), using eye tracking technology.ResultsThe children with autism showed normative pupillary reactions (peak magnitude) to fear expressed by familiar people, but a reduced response to fear expressed by unfamiliar people. However, across familiarity conditions, the children with autism had longer latency peak responses than the typically developing children. This pattern of findings was independent of cognitive factors or visual attention as visual attention by group was not related to familiarity condition. The children with autism had reduced visual attention to neutral faces; however, on fearful faces there were no group differences. Abnormalities in pupillary reactivity in the autism group were related to less prosocial behaviour and more severe play and communication deficits.ConclusionsChildren with autism were less atypical in their responses to fearful expressions of people they know, arguing against a pervasive emotional impairment in autism, but rather one that may be mediated by familiarity.
A 90Y-labelled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody exhibits antitumour activity against hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts during ROBO1-targeted radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Fujiwara Kentaro , Koyama Keitaro , Suga Kosuke , Ikemura Masako , Saito Yasutaka , Hino Akihiro , Iwanari Hiroko , Kusano-Arai Osamu , Mitsui Kenichi , Kasahara Hiroyuki , Fukayama Masashi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Hamakubo Takao , Momose Toshimitsu 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
ROBO1 is a membrane protein that functions in axon guidance. ROBO1 contributes to tumour metastasis and angiogenesis and may have potential as a target protein of immunotherapy because ROBO1 is specifically expressed at high levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we examined biodistribution and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using a radioisotope-labelled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) against hepatocellular carcinoma models.

Methods
ROBO1-positive HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft nude mice were used in this study. We conjugated anti-ROBO1 MAb with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), and the conjugates were labelled with 111In and 90Y. To study biodistribution, the 111In-DOTA-anti-ROBO1 MAb was injected into HepG2 xenograft mice via the tail vein. To evaluate any antitumour effect, a RIT study was performed, and the 90Y-DOTA-anti-ROBO1 MAb was injected via the tail vein. Tumour volume, mouse weight, and blood cell count were periodically measured throughout the experiments. The tumours and organs of mice were collected, and a histopathological analysis was carried out.

Results
The tumour uptake of 111In-anti-ROBO1 MAb in HepG2 xenograft mice was 15.0% ± 0.69% injected dose per gram at 48 h after injection.
Immunotherapy with cold-anti-ROBO1 MAb (70 μg) did not cause a significant antitumour effect. RIT with 6.7 MBq of 90Y-anti-ROBO1 MAb caused significant tumour growth suppression. Transient body weight loss and bone-marrow suppression were observed. Histopathological analyses of tumours revealed the fatal degeneration of tumour cells, significant reduction of the Ki-67 index, and an increase of the apoptosis index. Normal organs showed no significant injury, but a transient reduction of hematopoietic cells was observed in the spleen and in the sternal bone marrow.

Conclusions
These results suggest that RIT with 90Y-anti-ROBO1 MAb is a promising treatment for ROBO1-positive hepatocellular carcinoma.
Constitutive hippocampal cholesterol loss underlies poor cognition in old rodents
Authors: Martin Mauricio G , Ahmed Tariq , Korovaichuk Alejandra , Venero Cesar , Menchón Silvia A , Salas Isabel , Munck Sebastian , Herreras Oscar , Balschun Detlef , Dotti Carlos G 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCognitive decline is one of the many characteristics of aging. Reduced long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) are thought to be responsible for this decline, although the precise mechanisms underlying LTP and LTD dampening in the old remain unclear. We previously showed that aging is accompanied by the loss of cholesterol from the hippocampus, which leads to PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. Given that Akt de‐phosphorylation is required for glutamate receptor internalization and LTD, we hypothesized that the decrease in cholesterol in neuronal membranes may contribute to the deficits in LTD typical of aging. Here, we show that cholesterol loss triggers p‐Akt accumulation, which in turn perturbs the normal cellular and molecular responses induced by LTD, such as impaired AMPA receptor internalization and its reduced lateral diffusion. Electrophysiology recordings in brain slices of old mice and in anesthetized elderly rats demonstrate that the reduced hippocampal LTD associated with age can be rescued by cholesterol perfusion. Accordingly, cholesterol replenishment in aging animals improves hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory in the water maze test.
Could different treatment approaches in acromegaly influence life expectancy? A comparative study between Bulgaria and Campania (Italy)
Authors: Colao Annamaria , Vandeva Silvia , Pivonello Rosario , Grasso Ludovica Francesca Stella , Nachev Emil , Auriemma Renata S , Kalinov Krasimir , Zacharieva Sabina 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundMortality in acromegaly strictly depends on optimal control of GH and IGF1 levels. Modern medical therapy with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) and GH receptor antagonists (GHRAs) is not available in many countries due to funding restrictions. This retrospective, comparative, cohort study investigated the impact of different treatment modalities on disease control (GH and IGF1) and mortality in acromegaly patients.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients with acromegaly from Bulgaria (n=407) and Campania, Italy (n=220), were compared, and mortality rates were evaluated during a 10-year period (1999–2008).ResultsThe major difference in treatment approach between cohorts was the higher utilization of SSAs and GHRAs in Italy, leading to a decreased requirement for radiotherapy. Significantly more Italian than Bulgarian patients had achieved disease control (50.1 vs 39.1%, P=0.005) at the last follow-up. Compared with the general population, the Bulgarian cohort had a decreased life expectancy with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 2.0 (95% CI 1.54–2.47) that was restored to normal in patients with disease control – SMR 1.25 (95% CI 0.68–1.81). Irradiated patients had a higher cerebrovascular mortality – SMR 7.15 (95% CI 2.92–11.37). Internal analysis revealed an independent role of age at diagnosis and last GH value on all-cause mortality and radiotherapy on cerebrovascular mortality. Normal survival rates were observed in the Italian cohort: SMR 0.66 (95% CI 0.27–1.36).ConclusionsSuboptimal biochemical control was associated with a higher mortality in the Bulgarian cohort. Modern treatment options that induce a strict biochemical control and reduce the necessity of radiotherapy might influence the life expectancy. Other factors, possibly management of comorbidities, could contribute to survival rates.
Genome-wide screening of copy number variants in children born small for gestational age reveals several candidate genes involved in growth pathways
Authors: Canton Ana P M , Costa Sílvia S , Rodrigues Tatiane C , Bertola Debora R , Malaquias Alexsandra C , Correa Fernanda A , Arnhold Ivo J P , Rosenberg Carla , Jorge Alexander A L 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe etiology of prenatal-onset short stature with postnatal persistence is heterogeneous. Submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances, known as copy number variants (CNVs), may play a role in growth disorders.ObjectiveTo analyze the CNVs present in a group of patients born small for gestational age (SGA) without a known cause.Patients and methodsA total of 51 patients with prenatal and postnatal growth retardation associated with dysmorphic features and/or developmental delay, but without criteria for the diagnosis of known syndromes, were selected. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization was performed using DNA obtained from all patients. The pathogenicity of CNVs was assessed by considering the following criteria: inheritance; gene content; overlap with genomic coordinates for a known genomic imbalance syndrome; and overlap with CNVs previously identified in other patients with prenatal-onset short stature.ResultsIn 17 of the 51 patients, 18 CNVs were identified. None of these imbalances has been reported in healthy individuals. Nine CNVs, found in eight patients (16%), were categorized as pathogenic or probably pathogenic. Deletions found in three patients overlapped with known microdeletion syndromes (4q, 10q26, and 22q11.2). These imbalances are de novo, gene rich and affect several candidate genes or genomic regions that may be involved in the mechanisms of growth regulation.ConclusionPathogenic CNVs in the selected patients born SGA were common (at least 16%), showing that rare CNVs are probably among the genetic causes of short stature in SGA patients and revealing genomic regions possibly implicated in this condition.
Dating Rare Mutations from Small Samples with Dense Marker Data
Authors: Gandolfo Luke C , Bahlo Melanie , Speed Terence P 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a method for estimating the age of a mutation based on the genetic length of ancestral haplotypes shared between individuals carrying the mutation. The method can be reliably applied to small samples, typical of situations involving rare mutations, and makes effective use of modern high-density SNP data, thus overcoming two of the limitations with existing methods. The method provides age estimates and confidence intervals without the use of asymptotic theory and is applicable to genealogies in which the data are independent or correlated. In the correlated case we estimate the correlation directly from the data, rather than relying on a model for the genealogy. To demonstrate the method’s efficacy, we provide simulation results and compare it to other methods. The length data are obtained with a simple procedure, and an R script is available for performing the calculations.
The Principal Role of Ku in Telomere Length Maintenance Is Promotion of Est1 Association with Telomeres
Authors: Williams Jaime M , Ouenzar Faissal , Lemon Laramie D , Chartrand Pascal , Bertuch Alison A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTelomere length is tightly regulated in cells that express telomerase. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ku heterodimer, a DNA end-binding complex, positively regulates telomere length in a telomerase-dependent manner. Ku associates with the telomerase RNA subunit TLC1, and this association is required for TLC1 nuclear retention. Ku–TLC1 interaction also impacts the cell-cycle-regulated association of the telomerase catalytic subunit Est2 to telomeres. The promotion of TLC1 nuclear localization and Est2 recruitment have been proposed to be the principal role of Ku in telomere length maintenance, but neither model has been directly tested. Here we study the impact of forced recruitment of Est2 to telomeres on telomere length in the absence of Ku’s ability to bind TLC1 or DNA ends. We show that tethering Est2 to telomeres does not promote efficient telomere elongation in the absence of Ku–TLC1 interaction or DNA end binding. Moreover, restoration of TLC1 nuclear localization, even when combined with Est2 recruitment, does not bypass the role of Ku. In contrast, forced recruitment of Est1, which has roles in telomerase recruitment and activation, to telomeres promotes efficient and progressive telomere elongation in the absence of Ku–TLC1 interaction, Ku DNA end binding, or Ku altogether. Ku associates with Est1 and Est2 in a TLC1-dependent manner and enhances Est1 recruitment to telomeres independently of Est2. Together, our results unexpectedly demonstrate that the principal role of Ku in telomere length maintenance is to promote the association of Est1 with telomeres, which may in turn allow for efficient recruitment and activation of the telomerase holoenzyme.
A Co-CRISPR Strategy for Efficient Genome Editing inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Heesun , Ishidate Takao , Ghanta Krishna S , Seth Meetu , Conte Darryl , Shirayama Masaki , Mello Craig C 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGenome editing based on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated nuclease (Cas9) has been successfully applied in dozens of diverse plant and animal species, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The rapid life cycle and easy access to the ovary by micro-injection make C. elegans an ideal organism both for applying CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology and for optimizing genome-editing protocols. Here we report efficient and straightforward CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing methods for C. elegans, including a Co-CRISPR strategy that facilitates detection of genome-editing events. We describe methods for detecting homologous recombination (HR) events, including direct screening methods as well as new selection/counterselection strategies. Our findings reveal a surprisingly high frequency of HR-mediated gene conversion, making it possible to rapidly and precisely edit the C. elegans genome both with and without the use of co-inserted marker genes.
Evaluation of Confidence Intervals in Well Test Interpretation Results
Authors: Azi A. C. , Gbo A. , Whittle T. , Gringarten A. C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Uncertainty in well test analysis results from errors in pressure and rate measurements, from uncertainties in basic well and reservoir parameters; from the quality of the match with the interpretation model; and from the non-uniqueness of the interpretation model. Yet, well test analysis results are usually reported as unique values, often with unrealistic precision.
Most well test interpretation software programmes use non-linear regression to determine the reservoir parameters that provide the best match between actual rate and pressure data and a given interpretation model. The non-linear regression evaluates the match quality as a standard correlation between each parameter. This, however, only estimates the match errors, and does not incorporate the other errors that must be accounted for to understand the overall uncertainty on the analysis.
The paper presents a practical methodology for the determination of error bounds in well test analysis and illustrates its application with well tests from an oil reservoir and a gas condensate reservoir in the North Sea in order to evaluate typical error bounds for the most common parameters such as permeability-thickness, permeability, skin effect, fracture, horizontal well lengths and distances to boundaries. Differences in error bounds between hand and computer analysis are also discussed.
Drilling and Completion Challenges of the Statfjord Late Life Project
Authors: Høvring O. , Løklingholm G. , van der Zwaag C. H. , Andrews J. S. , Steensland O. , Taugbøl K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The further development of the Statfjord field for the Late Life pressure blowdown phase requires the drilling and completion of many infill wells from existing slots. The overall objective of these wells is to maximize oil production in the short term whilst securing future gas delivery potential for the late life phase. Well design to meet this objective is challenging. The Statfjord and Brent formations are sand prone and robust mechanical sand control completions are required in order to secure offtake rates during late life production. Also, after 28 years of production and water injection, the drilling and completion of wells through the differentially depleted formations is challenging due to a narrow pore pressure/fracture pressure window. Furthermore, the reservoir formations are substantially interlayered with shale sections and this meant that wellbore stability issues would pose significant challenges.
Initial Late-Life well designs were based on drilling long open hole sections with an oil-based drilling mud providing low Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), displacing the well to brine, and then running sand screens and performing an open hole gravel pack (OHGP) across the reservoir section with a conventional water pack. During the last three and a half years 27 Late-Life producers have been drilled and completed. This paper summarizes the operator's experiences over this period with emphasis on well design, drilling and completion tools, well fluid technology and well productivity. It explains how ambitions and well design had to be reassesed in order to overcome several challenges with the selected drilling and completion strategy.