bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping Based on Spatial Feature Classification with Geological Map Knowledge Graph Embedding: Case Study of Gold Ore Prediction at Wulonggou, Qinghai Province (Western China)
Authors: Yan Qun , Zhao Juan , Xue Linfu , Wei Liqiong , Ji Mingjia , Ran Xiangjin , Dai Junhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProspectivity mapping based on deep learning typically requires substantial amounts of geological feature information from known mineral deposits. Due to the limited spatial distribution of ore deposits, the training of predictive models is often hampered by insufficient positive samples. Meanwhile, data-driven mineral prospectivity mapping often overlooks domain knowledge and expert experience, leading to poor interpretability of predictive results. To address this problem, we employed the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for spatial feature classification to expand the number of positive samples. The approach integrated the embedding of geological map knowledge graphs with geological exploration data to enhance the knowledge constraints of the prospecting model, which enabled the integration of knowledge with data. Considering the complex spatial structure of geological elements, a bi-branch utilizing the 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN1D) and graph convolutional network (GCN) was used to extract geological spatial features for model training and prediction. To validate the effectiveness of the method, a gold mineralization prediction study was conducted in the Wulonggou area (Qinghai province, western China). The results indicate that, when the number of GMM spatial feature classifications was 17, the positive-to-negative sample ratio was optimal, and the embedding of the knowledge graph controlled the prediction area distribution effectively, which demonstrated strong consistency between the prospecting area and the known mineral deposits. Compared with the predictions by CNN1D, the fused prediction model of CNN1D and GCN yielded higher accuracy. Our model identified 11 classes of mineralization potential areas and provides geological interpretations for different prediction categories.
On solving a revised model of the nonnegative matrix factorization problem by the modified adaptive versions of the Dai–Liao method
Authors: Babaie-Kafaki Saman , Dargahi Fatemeh , Aminifard Zohre 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe suggest a revised form of a classic measure function to be employed in the optimization model of the nonnegative matrix factorization problem. More exactly, using sparse matrix approximations, the revision term is embedded to the model for penalizing the ill-conditioning in the computational trajectory to obtain the factorization elements. Then, as an extension of the Euclidean norm, we employ the ellipsoid norm to gain adaptive formulas for the Dai–Liao parameter in a least-squares framework. In essence, the parametric choices here are obtained by pushing the Dai–Liao direction to the direction of a well-functioning three-term conjugate gradient algorithm. In our scheme, the well-known BFGS and DFP quasi–Newton updating formulas are used to characterize the positive definite matrix factor of the ellipsoid norm. To see at what level our model revisions as well as our algorithmic modifications are effective, we seek some numerical evidence by conducting classic computational tests and assessing the outputs as well. As reported, the results weigh enough value on our analytical efforts.
Understanding and Predicting the Thermodynamic Behavior of Fission Products Encountered Between the (U,Pu)O2 Fuel Pellet and the Cladding: Characterization and Modeling Approaches
Authors: Oulfarsi Mostafa , Guéneau Christine , Ginestar Kevin , Guillou Raphaëlle , Martinelli Laure 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive investigation of the formation and behavior of a layer enriched in fission products encountered between the (U,Pu)O2 fuel pellet and the cladding, designated as JOG (“Joint Oxyde Gaine” in French). Employing a multifaceted approach that combined thermodynamic calculations, experimental synthesis, and advanced characterization techniques, simulated JOG has been synthetized (without radioactive fission products). Using thermodynamic calculations with the TAF-ID database, the phase compositions in the JOG was assessed for various temperatures, pressures, and oxygen potential conditions, revealing insights into the environmental factors influencing JOG formation. Experimental simulation of the JOG composition, exposed to controlled conditions, confirmed the presence of key compounds such as Cs2MoO4, CsI, and PdTe, as evidenced by SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses. The results of the calculations highlighted notable differences in the nature of the phases constituting the JOG under varying pressure and oxygen potential conditions. At 873 K and oxygen partial pressure of 10–4 bar, Cs2MoO4, Pd–Te, and a gas phase rich in tellurium and CsI were predominant, contrasting with the emergence of liquid phases at 70 bar. This study offered a comprehensive understanding of JOG microstructure, and highlighting the importance of accurate characterization for reactor safety. This information lays the foundations for future studies on the chemical interaction between the JOG and the steel cladding.
How not to intervene on mental causes
Authors: Kroedel Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper critiques two recent suggestions, by Lei Zhong and Thomas Kroedel, about how to apply the interventionist theory of causation to cases where supervenient properties, particularly mental properties, are involved. According to both suggestions, we should hold variables corresponding to supervenient properties fixed when intervening on the subvenient properties with respect to a putative effect variable and vice versa. The paper argues that both suggestions are problematic. Zhong’s suggestion ultimately requires ad hoc exemptions from the holding-fixed requirement. Kroedel’s suggestion entails severe constraints on the construction of causal models. Overall, retaining the holding-fixed requirements of interventionism for cases of supervenient properties comes at a significant price.
Detection of fusarium wilt-induced physiological impairment in strawberry plants using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning
Authors: Castro-Valdecantos P. , Egea G. , Borrero C. , Pérez-Ruiz M. , Avilés M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStrawberry (Fragraria x ananassa) is a crop affected by various soil-borne fungal pathogens with mostly non-specific foliar symptoms and often requiring laboratory isolation for correct diagnosis. Moreover, these nonspecific foliar symptoms, appreciated by the human eye, appear after some time following infection by the pathogen. Early detection of plant diseases is one of the primary objectives in agriculture because it may contribute to identifying more tolerant cultivars in breeding programs and optimise pesticide use in agricultural production with earlier applications in emerging disease foci. New technologies, such as remote sensing and machine learning (ML) algorithms, have arisen as potential tools to improve the ability to detect and classify different crop diseases. The combined use of hyperspectral imagery and ML algorithms were investigated to detect and classify the physiological stress caused by early infections of Fusarium wilt in strawberry plants. Six ML models, namely artificial neural network, decision tree, K-nearest neighbour, support vector machine, multinomial logistic regression and Naïve Bayes were developed to estimate physiological stress associated with Fusarium wilt disease. The results showed that stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (A) declined even without visual symptoms of the disease. Among the six ML models evaluated, the artificial neural network model showed the highest classification performance with an overall accuracy of 81%, regardless of the physiological parameter utilized for model training. Moreover, the artificial neural network accurately predicted the absolute values of both physiological parameters (gs and A) based on the complete spectral signature from visually healthy foliar tissue, achieving coefficients of determination of 84% and 81%, respectively. Consequently, ML models utilizing physiological response data and hyperspectral imaging exhibited remarkable robustness, facilitating the estimation of Fusarium wilt severity in strawberry plants even without visual symptoms.
Assessing the psychometric performance of the EQ-5D-5L among informal caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Sokolova Valeriia , Faller Jan , Asfia Siti Khadijah Binti Mohamad , Engel Lidia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the EQ-5D-5L in informal caregivers of people with dementia.

Methods
Data were obtained from an online survey administered to informal caregivers of people with dementia in Australia. Known-group comparisons were examined by formulating 15 a priori hypotheses, where a difference was made between weak and strong hypotheses. Group comparisons were tested using the non-parametric Wilcoxon-rank and the Kruskal-Wallis test, as well as regression analysis. Floor and ceiling effects were considered to be present if more than 15% of respondents achieved the lowest or highest possible score, respectively.

Results
In total, 212 informal caregivers of people with dementia were included in the analysis. On average, participants were 47 years old (SD: 17) and 61% of them were female. The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.88 (SD: 0.16) and the mean EQ-VAS was 72.47 (SD: 17.86). While there was no floor effect, 26% reported full health. Nine strong and three weak hypotheses were confirmed, supporting the ability of the EQ-5D-5L to discriminate between groups with respect to: self-reported health status, happiness levels, presence of mental or physical health conditions, ability to engage in enjoyable activities, and availability of support.

Conclusion
Findings provide supporting evidence for the EQ-5D-5L in terms of its discriminant validity in informal caregivers of patients with dementia. However, the present ceiling effect suggests that the sensitivity of the EQ-5D-5L to detect improvements may be limited. Further studies are warranted examining other psychometric criteria, including reliability and responsiveness to change
The FACT-GP5 as a global tolerability measure: responsiveness and robustness to missing assessments
Authors: Arizmendi Cara , Zhu Yanyan , Khan Maryam , Gable Jonathon , Reeve Bryce B. , King-Kallimanis Bellinda , Bell Jill 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy item (FACT-GP5) has the potential to provide an understanding of global treatment tolerability from the patient perspective. Longitudinal evaluations of the FACT-GP5 and challenges posed by data missing-not-at-random (MNAR) have not been explored. Robustness of the FACT-GP5 to missing data assumptions and the responsiveness of the FACT-GP5 to key side-effects are evaluated.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind study (NCT00065325), postmenopausal women (n = 618) with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), advanced breast cancer received either fulvestrant or exemestane and completed FACT measures monthly for seven months. Cumulative link mixed models (CLMM) were fit to evaluate: (1) the trajectory of the FACT-GP5 and (2) the responsiveness of the FACT-GP5 to CTCAE grade, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status scale, and key side-effects from the FACT. Sensitivity analyses of the missing-at-random (MAR) assumption were conducted.

Results
Odds of reporting worse side-effect bother increased over time. There were positive within-person relationships between level of side-effect bother (FACT-GP5) and severity of other FACT items, as well as ECOG performance status and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade. The number of missing FACT-GP5 assessments impacted the trajectory of the FACT-GP5 but did not impact the relationships between the FACT-GP5 and other items (except for nausea [FACT-GP2]).

Conclusions
Results support the responsiveness of the FACT-GP5. Generally speaking, the responsiveness of the FACT-GP5 is robust to missing assessments. Missingness should be considered, however, when evaluating change over time of the FACT-GP5.

Trial Registration
NCT00065325.

Trial Registration Year
2003.
Octopus diet during the settlement period using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Escolar Oscar , Fernández-Álvarez Fernando Á. , Villanueva Roger 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe settlement phase is a challenging period for meropelagic octopus, as they adapt to their new life in the sea bottom after a planktonic period. Their ecology and trophic interactions with the surrounding fauna in the wild are practically unknown. To understand their predatory role in the littoral zone, the diet of recently settled Octopus vulgaris from a Mediterranean sandy bottom was studied through molecular methods. Amphipods were present in all the analysed stomach contents, with a total of 20 amphipod taxa recorded as prey. Jassa slatteryi and Microprotopus maculatus were the most commonly found amphipod species. Hydrozoans, decapod crustaceans, cephalopods and bivalves followed amphipods in importance. Niche breadth index assigned to small recently settled octopus the role of a specialised predator, increasing the diversity of prey as they grow. Larger juveniles displayed a higher number of prey taxa suggesting a decreasing predatory specialisation with octopus size and an ontogenetic shift in trophic ecology from diet mainly based on amphipods to a richer diet. The considerable arm elongation and the strong muscular arm crown development after settlement probably allow the juvenile benthic octopus to develop ambush predation and speculative hunting, increasing the range of potential benthic prey species along its adaptation to the benthos.
Graphic abstract
Pirate Imageries and the Law: Utopias, Seven Seas and Sunken Treasures
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław Michał 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFew phenomena in world history have such a vivid imagery in popular culture as piracy. Law is a major element of those images, whether looking through its lens one considers pirates as lawless or, conversely, as free of the shackles of society. This article proposes to investigate the relationship between the two, choosing three eponymous images as the focus of its investigations. Beginning with the study of the ways in which images of piracy were created in popular culture, the author then turns his attention to the question of the ways in which law has framed pirates throughout the ages. Thus, he looks into each of the three pre-selected images: of pirates as symbols of liberty (focusing on the question of pirate’s social organisation and pirate utopias), of pirates as outlaws (focusing on the question of how international law has treated pirates throughout history to the present day) and of pirates as treasure hunters (focusing on the question of legal rights to sunken treasures). In the final part of the article the author ponders the endurance of images of piracy, asking the question as to what this phenomenon reveals about law in particular and society in general.
Ornamental plants as vectors of pesticide exposure and potential threat to biodiversity and human health
Authors: Chwoyka Cecily , Linhard Dominik , Durstberger Thomas , Zaller Johann G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe production of conventional ornamental plants is pesticide-intensive. We investigated whether pesticide active ingredients (AIs) are still present in ornamentals at the time of purchase and assessed their potential ecotoxicity to non-target organisms. We purchased 1000 pot plants and 237 cut flowers of different species from garden centers in Austria and Germany between 2011 and 2021 and analyzed them for up to 646 AIs. Ecotoxicological risks of AIs were assessed by calculating toxic loads for honeybees (Apis mellifera), earthworms (Eisenia fetida), birds (Passer domesticus), and mammals (Rattus norvegicus) based on the LD50 values of the detected AIs. Human health risks of AIs were assessed on the basis of the hazard statements of the Globally Harmonized System. Over the years, a total of 202 AIs were detected in pot plants and 128 AIs in cut flowers. Pesticide residues were found in 94% of pot plants and 97% of cut flowers, with cut flowers containing about twice as many AIs (11.0 ± 6.2 AIs) as pot plants (5.8 ± 4.0 AIs). Fungicides and insecticides were found most frequently. The ecotoxicity assessment showed that 47% of the AIs in pot plants and 63% of the AIs in cut flowers were moderately toxic to the considered non-target organisms. AIs found were mainly toxic to honeybees; their toxicity to earthworms, birds, and mammals was about 105 times lower. Remarkably, 39% of the plants labeled as “bee-friendly” contained AIs that were toxic to bees. More than 40% of pot plants and 72% of cut flowers contained AIs classified as harmful to human health. These results suggest that ornamental plants are vectors for potential pesticide exposure of consumers and non-target organisms in home gardens.
Participatory Systems Thinking to Elucidate Drivers of Food Access and Diet Disparities among Minoritized Urban Populations
Authors: Langellier Brent A. , Argibay Sofia , Henson Rosie Mae , Kravitz Caroline , Eastus Alexandra , Stankov Ivana , Headen Irene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use participatory systems thinking to develop a dynamic conceptual framework of racial/ethnic and other intersecting disparities (e.g., income) in food access and diet in Philadelphia and to identify policy levers to address these disparities. We conducted three group model building workshops, each consisting of a series of scripted activities. Key artifacts or outputs included qualitative system maps, or causal loop diagrams, identifying the variables, relationships, and feedback loops that drive diet disparities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We used semi-structured methods informed by inductive thematic analysis and network measures to synthesize findings into a single causal loop diagram. There were twenty-nine participants with differing vantages and expertise in Philadelphia’s food system, broadly representing the policy, community, and research domains. In the synthesis model, participants identified 14 reinforcing feedback loops and one balancing feedback loop that drive diet and food access disparities in Philadelphia. The most highly connected variables were upstream factors, including those related to racism (e.g., residential segregation) and community power (e.g., community land control). Consistent with existing frameworks, addressing disparities will require a focus on upstream social determinants. However, existing frameworks should be adapted to emphasize and disrupt the interdependent, reinforcing feedback loops that maintain and exacerbate disparities in fundamental social causes. Our findings suggest that promising policies include those that empower minoritized communities, address socioeconomic inequities, improve community land control, and increase access to affordable, healthy, and culturally meaningful foods.
Investigation of abdominal artery delineation by photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Ota Takashi , Onishi Hiromitsu , Itoh Toshihide , Fukui Hideyuki , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Nakamoto Atsushi , Enchi Yukihiro , Tatsumi Mitsuaki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the ability of 50-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) to depict abdominal arteries in abdominal CT angiography (CTA) compared with 70-keV VMI with photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT).

Methods
Fifty consecutive patients who underwent multiphase abdominal scans between March and April 2023 were included. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantitatively assessed for the abdominal aorta (AA), celiac artery (CeA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), renal artery (RA), and right hepatic artery (RHA) at both 50- and 70-keV VMI. In addition, 3D images from CTA were analyzed to measure arterial lengths and evaluate the visualization of distal branches.

Results
Significantly higher SNR and CNR were observed at 50-keV compared to 70-keV VMI for all arteries: AA (36.54 and 48.28 vs. 25.70 and 28.46), CeA (22.39 and 48.38 vs. 19.09 and 29.15), SMA (23.34 and 49.34 vs. 19.67 and 29.71), RA (22.88 and 48.84 vs. 20.15 and 29.41), and RHA (14.38 and 44.41 vs. 13.45 and 27.18), all p < 0.05. Arterial lengths were also significantly longer at 50-keV: RHA (192.6 vs. 180.3 mm), SMA (230.9 vs. 216.5 mm), and RA (95.9 vs. 92.0 mm), all p < 0.001.

Conclusion
In abdominal CTA with PCD-CT, 50-keV VMI demonstrated superior quantitative image quality compared to 70-keV VMI. In addition, 50-keV VMI 3D CTA allowed better visualization of abdominal artery branches, highlighting its potential clinical advantage for improved imaging and detailed assessment of abdominal arteries.
Patterns of Telemedicine Use in Primary Care for People with Dementia in the Post-pandemic Period
Authors: Adler-Milstein Julia , Gopalan Anjali , Huang Jie , Toretsky Christopher , Reed Mary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The pandemic rapidly expanded telemedicine, which has persisted as a widely available primary care modality. The uptake of telemedicine among people with dementia specifically in the primary care setting, who have more complex care needs but also benefit from more accessible primary care, is unknown.

Objective
Among people with dementia, assess uptake of telemedicine-based primary care in the post-pandemic period and determine associations with key socio-demographic characteristics.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Subjects
People with dementia at UCSF and Kaiser Permanente Northern CA (KPNC) with at least one primary care encounter in pre- (3/1/2019-2/29/2020) or post-COVID (3/1/2021-2/28/2022) periods, post-COVID sample: N= 419 individuals (UCSF), N=18,037 (KPNC).

Main Measures
Encounter modality: in-person, video telemedicine, or telephone telemedicine. Focal socio-demographic characteristics: age, limited English proficiency, socioeconomic status, driving distance to clinic, and caregiver at encounter.

Key Results
There was a large increase in telemedicine among people with dementia in the post-pandemic period at both sites. At KPNC, those with only in-person primary care visits shrunk from 60.47% (pre) to 26.95% (post). At UCSF, the change was even greater: 98.99% to 35.08%. Across both sites, the only measure significantly associated with use of telemedicine was greater driving distance from home to clinic. At KPNC, those over age 90 were most likely to use telemedicine while patients with limited English proficiency and those with a caregiver at the encounter used telemedicine at lower levels. The relationships were similar at UCSF but not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Telemedicine use is high for people with dementia in the primary care setting in the post-pandemic period. Those with longer drives to clinic and the oldest patients were most likely to use telemedicine, likely due to challenges traveling to appointments. Still, not all people with dementia used telemedicine equally—particularly those with limited English proficiency.