bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthographic Variations of Ukrainian Surnames in Western Pennsylvania
Authors: Holutiak-Hallick Stephen P. 
Published: January 2014

This article examines orthographic variations of Ukrainian surnames in Western Pennsylvania. The discussion is based upon 1,100 Ukrainian surnames and their various American English renditions, totaling 3,000 names. The surnames, first recorded in American English at the beginning of this century, were gathered from baptismal record books, parish lists and other archival material made available in Ukrainian Orthodox churches and organizations. Each surname is compared over a period of three generations (1907-1970).
The genetic basis of natural variation for iron homeostasis in the maize IBM population
Authors: Benke Andreas , Urbany Claude , Marsian Johanna , Shi Rongli , Wirén Nicolaus von , Stich Benjamin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Iron (Fe) deficiency symptoms in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) express as leaf chlorosis, growth retardation, as well as yield reduction and are typically observed when plants grow in calcareous soils at alkaline pH. To improve our understanding of genotypical variability in the tolerance to Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis, the objectives of this study were to (i) determine the natural genetic variation of traits related to Fe homeostasis in the maize intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) population, (ii) to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits, and (iii) to analyze expression levels of genes known to be involved in Fe homeostasis as well as of candidate genes obtained from the QTL analysis.

Results
In hydroponically-grown maize, a total of 47 and 39 QTLs were detected for the traits recorded under limited and adequate supply of Fe, respectively.

Conclusions
From the QTL results, we were able to identify new putative candidate genes involved in Fe homeostasis under a deficient or adequate Fe nutritional status, like Ferredoxin class gene, putative ferredoxin PETF, metal tolerance protein MTP4, and MTP8. Furthermore, our expression analysis of candidate genes suggested the importance of trans-acting regulation for 2’-deoxymugineic acid synthase 1 (DMAS1), nicotianamine synthase (NAS3, NAS1), formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1), methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase (IDI2), aspartate/tyrosine/aromatic aminotransferase (IDI4), and methylthioribose kinase (MTK).
Beyond BMI: The “Metabolically healthy obese” phenotype & its association with clinical/subclinical cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality -- a systematic review
Authors: Roberson Lara L , Aneni Ehimen C , Maziak Wasim , Agatston Arthur , Feldman Theodore , Rouseff Maribeth , Tran Thinh , Blaha Michael J , Santos Raul D , Sposito Andrei , Al-Mallah Mouaz H , Blankstein Ron , Budoff Matthew J , Nasir Khurram 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
A subgroup has emerged within the obese that do not display the typical metabolic disorders associated with obesity and are hypothesized to have lower risk of complications. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature which has examined the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) population.

Methods
Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until December 2012. Studies were included which clearly defined the MHO group (using either insulin sensitivity and/or components of metabolic syndrome AND obesity) and its association with either all cause mortality, CVD mortality, incident CVD, and/or subclinical CVD.

Results
A total of 20 studies were identified; 15 cohort and 5 cross-sectional. Eight studies used the NCEP Adult Treatment Panel III definition of metabolic syndrome to define “metabolically healthy”, while another nine used insulin resistance. Seven studies assessed all-cause mortality, seven assessed CVD mortality, and nine assessed incident CVD. MHO was found to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality in two studies (30%), CVD mortality in one study (14%), and incident CVD in three studies (33%). Of the six studies which examined subclinical disease, four (67%) showed significantly higher mean common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA-IMT), coronary artery calcium (CAC), or other subclinical CVD markers in the MHO as compared to their MHNW counterparts.

Conclusions
MHO is an important, emerging phenotype with a CVD risk between healthy, normal weight and unhealthy, obese individuals. Successful work towards a universally accepted definition of MHO would improve (and simplify) future studies and aid inter-study comparisons. Usefulness of a definition inclusive of insulin sensitivity and stricter criteria for metabolic syndrome components as well as the potential addition of markers of fatty liver and inflammation should be explored. Clinicians should be hesitant to reassure patients that the metabolically benign phenotype is safe, as increased risk cardiovascular disease and death have been shown.
Amyloid peptides ABri and ADan show differential neurotoxicity in transgenic Drosophila models of familial British and Danish dementia
Authors: Marcora María S , Fernández-Gamba Agata C , Avendaño Luz A , Rotondaro Cecilia , Podhajcer Osvaldo L , Vidal Rubén , Morelli Laura , Ceriani María F , Castaño Eduardo M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Familial British and Familial Danish dementias (FBD and FDD, respectively) are associated with mutations in the BRI2 gene. Processing of the mutated BRI2 protein leads to the accumulation in the brain of the 34-mer amyloid Bri (ABri) and amyloid Dan (ADan) peptides, accompanied by neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, transgenic mice successfully reproduced different aspects of FDD, while modeling of FBD in vivo has been more difficult. In this work we have modeled FBD and FDD in Drosophila and tested the hypothesis that ABri and ADan are differentially neurotoxic.

Results
By using site-directed insertion, we generated transgenic lines carrying ABri, ADan, Bri2-23 (the normal product of wild-type BRI2 processing) and amyloid-β (Aβ) 1–42 as a well-characterized neurotoxic peptide, alone or with a His-tag. Therefore, we avoided random insertion effects and were able to compare levels of accumulation accurately. Peptides were expressed with the GAL4-Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) system using specific drivers. Despite low levels of expression, toxicity in the eye was characterized by mild disorganization of ommatidia and amyloid peptides accumulation. The highest toxicity was seen for ADan, followed by Aβ42 and ABri. Pan-neuronal expression in the CNS revealed an age-dependent toxicity of amyloid peptides as determined by the ability of flies to climb in a geotaxis paradigm when compared to Bri2-23. This effect was stronger for ADan, detected at 7 days post-eclosion, and followed by ABri and Aβ42, whose toxicity became evident after 15 and 21 days, respectively. Histological analysis showed mild vacuolization and thioflavine-S-negative deposits of amyloid peptides. In contrast, the over-expression of amyloid peptides in the specific subset of lateral neurons that control circadian locomotor activity showed no toxicity.

Conclusions
Our results support the differential neurotoxicity of ADan and ABri in the Drosophila eye and CNS at low expression levels. Such differences may be partially attributed to rates of aggregation and accumulation. In the CNS, both peptides appear to be more neurotoxic than wild-type Aβ42. These Drosophila models will allow a systematic and unambiguous comparison of differences and similarities in the mechanisms of toxicity of diverse amyloid peptides associated with dementia.
A balancing act: The Sadrist movement between nationalist rhetoric and sectarian politics
Authors: Schmidhauser Nathalie Miria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
After the US surge in 2007, the Sadrists were at crossroads. The Mahdi Army’s proclivity for violence had been discrediting Sadr’s movement and was increasingly allienating its own constituency. Therefore, they started to refocus on politics. Generally, the Sadrist behaviour after 2009 can be defined as ‘electoral militarism’, a symbolic extension of the conflict as an electoral strategy. While the leadership has to compromise with Iran and support sectarian politics, they at the same time jealously protect the movement’s nationalist outlook, using a rhetoric focused on national unity and emphasizing the movement’s independence. This dualism between rhetoric and action is the most basic contradiction in the Sadrist movement today – and in Iraq in general.
Soliton-type metrics and Kähler–Ricci flow
on symplectic quotients
Authors: La Nave Gabriele , Tian Gang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

In this paper, we first show an interpretation of the Kähler–Ricci flow on a manifold X as an exact elliptic equation of Einstein type on a manifold M of which X is one of the (Kähler) symplectic reductions via a (non-trivial) torus action. There are plenty of such manifolds (e.g. any line bundle on X will do). Such an equation is called V-soliton equation, which can be regarded as a generalization of Kähler–Einstein equations or Kähler–Ricci solitons. As in the case of Kähler–Einstein metrics, we can also reduce the V-soliton equation to a scalar equation on Kähler potentials, which is of Monge–Ampère type. We then prove some preliminary results towards establishing existence of solutions for such a scalar equation on a compact Kähler manifold M. One of our motivations is to apply the interpretation to studying finite time singularities of the Kähler–Ricci flow.
The Nature and Extent of Mutational Pleiotropy in Gene Expression of Male Drosophila serrata
Authors: McGuigan Katrina , Collet Julie M , McGraw Elizabeth A , Ye Yixin H , Allen Scott L , Chenoweth Stephen F , Blows Mark W 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The nature and extent of mutational pleiotropy remain largely unknown, despite the central role that pleiotropy plays in many areas of biology, including human disease, agricultural production, and evolution. Here, we investigate the variation in 11,604 gene expression traits among 41 mutation accumulation (MA) lines of Drosophila serrata. We first confirmed that these expression phenotypes were heritable, detecting genetic variation in 96% of them in an outbred, natural population of D. serrata. Among the MA lines, 3385 (29%) of expression traits were variable, with a mean mutational heritability of 0.0005. In most traits, variation was generated by mutations of relatively small phenotypic effect; putative mutations with effects of greater than one phenotypic standard deviation were observed for only 8% of traits. With most (71%) traits unaffected by any mutation, our data provide no support for universal pleiotropy. We further characterized mutational pleiotropy in the 3385 variable traits, using sets of 5, randomly assigned, traits. Covariance among traits chosen at random with respect to their biological function is expected only if pleiotropy is extensive. Taking an analytical approach in which the variance unique to each trait in the random 5-trait sets was partitioned from variance shared among traits, we detected significant (at 5% false discovery rate) mutational covariance in 21% of sets. This frequency of statistically supported covariance implied that at least some mutations must pleiotropically affect a substantial number of traits (&gt;70; 0.6% of all measured traits).
Plasticity of Crystals with Disordered Microstructure: Scale-dependent Fluctuations of Stress and Strain
Authors: Kapetanou Olga , Zaiser Michael 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA generic model of bulk crystal plasticity with stochastic evolution of the local microstructure is formulated. The evolution of local fluctuations of internal stress and plastic strain, as well as the cross correlation between these variables, is investigated for different loading modes (stress control vs. displacement control) as a function of the coarse graining scale, and the spatial structure of the respective correlation functions is determined. The investigations demonstrate that, after an initial transient characterized by uncorrelated initiation of plasticity in different sample locations, nontrivial long range correlations emerge both within the strain pattern and between the internal stress and plastic strain patterns. The internal stresses, on the other hand, remain short range correlated throughout. Implications of our findings for larger-scale plasticity models are discussed.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTELLECTUAL AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Abramov G.V. , Zheltoukhov Ivan V. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Relevance of the study is associated with reduced energy intensity of the process heat demand by improving the systems and control algorithms of automatic energy management in buildings. This paper presents a system for power management of individual modules with interaction via the Ethernet, allowing measuring the qualitative and quantitative performance of network communication protocols of different levels of performance monitoring in real time. The difference of the developed intellectual automatic control system consisting of separate modules with interaction via the Ethernet, there is no separation devices for simple and intelligent - all the devices are intelligent, the controller is a separate module, and its functions are performed by the control unit.
Cross-Organization Workflow Research of Agile Telecom on Positive Feedback
Authors: Wang A. Qi , Wang B. Yanan , Lv C. Furong 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In order to promote the core competitive power in telecom operating enterprises that face market fine operations, this article compares ECTA mode (Extension Case Transmission Mode) and LCA mode (Loosen Couple Mode). By comparing LCA mode with ECTA mode, we can find out the conditions, in which these two modes are appropriate. Besides, we can keep the semantics of the public flow mode and do our best to modernize the workflow by improving the task complexity, information transparency and operating controllability of LCA mode through a positive feedback system and by improving ECTA mode through a Petri net system.
Pollen from genetically modified plants in honey – problems with quantification and proper labelling
Authors: Żmijewska Ewelina , Teper Dariusz , Linkiewicz Anna , Sowa Sławomir 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Maize can be a valuable source of pollen when plants attractive for bees are not available. Honeybees can forage from conventional maize as well as from genetically modified (GM ) maize. The Court of Justice of the European Union (EU ) ruled that pollen in honey must be treated as a food ingredient and therefore falls within the scope of Regulation 1829/2003/EC on GM food and feed and requires authorization. GM pollen unauthorized in the EU cannot be present in honey at any level, and honey must be labelled if it contains more than 0.9% of pollen from authorized GM plants in relation to total pollen content. However, currently available analytical methods allow only for estimation of GM pollen quantity in honey. Therefore, Directive 2001/110/EC related to honey needs to be amended so that pollen can be regarded as a natural constituent of honey. Because the EU is a big honey importer, validated and harmonized detection methods are necessary for the control of GM pollen in honey.
Roles and rules of Syngo iFLOW in neuroendovascular procedures
Authors: Zenteno Marco , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Lee Angel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The authors present 2 patients who underwent neuroendovascular procedures in syngo iFLOW produced that use the dynamic of fluid in several types of intracranial pathologies. As part of a combined CT/angiography suite, iFLOW offered the major advantage of immediate detection or exclusion of intracranial complication without patient transfer. The study of fluid dynamics constitutes a cornerstone for the evaluation of various intracranial vascular pathologies. These applications include the isolation of cerebral aneurysms by embolization and clipping, embolisation of malformations, as well the evaluation of vasooclussive diseases. The emergence of techniques such as syngo iFLOW, which give a comprehensive picture of angiography, constitute a element that can to contribute to the decision of conduct clinics. Siemens has developed a novel based system which is able to reconstruct in achieving angiography techniques colors define intracranial flow characteristics in a single image. With this technique, is possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of cerebral angiography.
FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH TO TEACHING LEGAL TRANSLATION
Authors: Matijašević Miljen 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with some problems of legal translation with a particular regard to the skopos theory approach, with a special emphasis on the practical implications of these problems to legal translation instruction. The author presents the circumstances in the Republic of Croatia over the preceding several years pertaining to the activities of legal translation for the purpose of accession to the European Union. This particularly refers to the translating of the acquis communautaire into the Croatian language. Possible functions of translated legal and legislative texts are analysed from this viewpoint, as well as various possible related approaches to solving translation problems. The author pays special attention to issues in translating cultural elements, considering that they tend to show special sensitivity to the function of a translated text. Finally, practical application of the above considerations regarding legal translation is presented in the last part of the paper. Having taught courses in legal translation to lawyers aspiring to work as legal translators within EU bodies, the author presents the contents of the courses and some methods of teaching which take account of the skopos theory, as well as the reception of such teaching methods and their outcomes.
Confirmed field hybridization of native and introduced Phragmites australis (Poaceae) in North America
Authors: Saltonstall Kristin , Castillo Hilda E. , Blossey Bernd 
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: Intraspecific hybridization between native and introduced lineages of a species can increase invasiveness and may lead to the decline of native lineages. The introduction of Eurasian Phragmites australis has caused profound changes to wetland habitats across North America, yet evidence for hybridization between native and introduced Phragmites australis in North America is lacking and has puzzled researchers for over a decade. Here we present the first confirmed field hybridization event between the two lineages.• Methods: Hybrid plants were initially recognized during field surveys by their intermediate morphology and distinct herbivore community. We verified hybrid status using chloroplast DNA haplotypes and microsatellite markers.• Key results: Confirmed hybrid stems were restricted to one site and displayed morphological characteristics of both native and introduced P. australis. Based on their microsatellite profiles, all samples likely represent a single clone of a first generation hybrid. Sequencing of cpDNA indicates that the maternal parent is from the introduced lineage.• Conclusions: Identification of hybrid P. australis in the field is complex and requires multiple characters. All suspected hybrids should be verified using genetic techniques. Preventing the spread of introduced genes and genotypes through North America will require recognition and rapid management response to hybrid plants.
Montane forest root growth and soil organic layer depth as potential factors stabilizing Cenozoic global change
Authors: Doughty Christopher E. , Taylor Lyla L. , Girardin Cecile A. J. , Malhi Yadvinder , Beerling David J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTree roots and their symbiotic fungal partners are believed to play a major role in regulating long‐term global climate, but feedbacks between global temperature and biotic weathering have not yet been explored in detail. In situ field data from a 3000 m altitudinal transect in Peru show fine root growth decreases and organic layer depth increases with the cooler temperatures that prevail at increased altitude. We hypothesize that this observation suggests a negative feedback: as global temperatures rise, the soil organic layer will shrink, and more roots will grow in the mineral layer, thereby accelerating weathering and reducing atmospheric CO2. We examine this mechanism with a process‐based biological weathering model and demonstrate that this negative feedback could have contributed to moderating long‐term global Cenozoic climate during major Cenozoic CO2 changes linked to volcanic degassing and tectonic uplift events.
Surface of Ligeia Mare, Titan, from Cassini altimeter and radiometer analysis
Authors: Zebker Howard , Hayes Alex , Janssen Mike , Le Gall Alice , Lorenz Ralph , Wye Lauren 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCassini radar observations of the surface of Ligeia Mare collected during the 23 May 2013 (T91) Cassini flyby show that it is extremely smooth, likely to be mostly methane in composition, and exhibits no surface wave activity. The radar parameters were tuned for nadir‐looking geometry of liquid surfaces, using experience from Cassini's only comparable observation, of Ontario Lacus on 21 December 2008 (T49), and also include coincident radiometric observations. Radar echoes from both passes show very strong specular radar reflections and limit surface height variations to 1 mm rms. The surface physical temperature at 80°N is 92 +/− 0.5 K if the sea is liquid hydrocarbon and the land is solid hydrocarbon, essentially the same as Cassini CIRS measurements. Furthermore, radiometry measurements over the surrounding terrain suggest dielectric constants from 2.2 to 2.4, arguing against significant surface water ice unless it is extremely porous.
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of perioperative synbiotics versus no synbiotics on bacterial translocation after oesophagectomy
Authors: Yokoyama Y , Nishigaki E , Abe T , Fukaya M , Asahara T , Nomoto K , Nagino M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The impact of perioperative synbiotics on bacterial translocation and subsequent bacteraemia after oesophagectomy is unclear. This study investigated the effect of perioperative synbiotic administration on the incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the occurrence of postoperative bacteraemia.

Methods
Patients with oesophageal cancer were randomized to receive perioperative synbiotics or no synbiotics (control group). MLNs were harvested from the jejunal mesentery before dissection (MLN-1) and after the restoration of digestive tract continuity (MLN-2). Blood and faeces samples were taken before and after operation. Microorganisms in each sample were detected using a bacterium-specific ribosomal RNA-targeted reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method.

Results
Some 42 patients were included. There was a significant difference between the two groups in detection levels of microorganisms in the MLN-1 samples. Microorganisms were more frequently detected in MLN-2 samples in the control group than in the synbiotics group (10 of 18 versus 3 of 18; P = 0·035). In addition, bacteraemia detected using RT-qPCR 1 day after surgery was more prevalent in the control group than in the synbiotics group (12 of 21 versus 4 of 21; P = 0·025). Neutrophil counts on postoperative days 1, 2 and 7 after surgery were all significantly higher in the control group than in the synbiotics group.

Conclusion
Perioperative use of synbiotics reduces the incidence of bacteria in the MLNs and blood. These beneficial effects probably contribute to a reduction in the inflammatory response after oesophagectomy. Registration number: ID 000003262 (University Hospital Medical Information Network, http://www.umin.ac.jp).