bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is a significant cause of moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss in Queensland children
Authors: Toumpas Christopher J , Clark Julia , Harris Alison , Beswick Rachael , Nourse Clare B 
Published: November 2014

AimTo investigate the proportion of children with moderate to profound hearing loss who have congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection.MethodRetrospective analysis of CMV dried blood spot (DBS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in children with moderate to profound hearing impairment referred to tertiary referral centres in Queensland. Participants were under 18 years old with no readily identified cause of hearing impairment, between 2008 and 2011. The primary outcome measure was DBS CMV PCR. Other outcome measures for cases referred to the Childhood Hearing Clinic (CHC) at the Mater Children's Hospital were level of hearing impairment and the neonatal hearing screen result.ResultsOf DBS CMV PCR testing for 106 children at the CHC for 2008 to 2011 inclusive, nine (8.5%) were positive (five with bilateral hearing impairment, four with unilateral hearing impairment). The prevalence of cCMV infection in children with moderate to profound hearing impairment was 8.4%, consistent with the statewide rate of 9.4% for 2008 to mid‐2011.ConclusioncCMV is a significant cause of hearing impairment in Queensland children. Investigation for cCMV by retrospective DBS CMV PCR should be part of the routine investigation of all babies and young children with hearing impairment. However early diagnosis is preferable and could be achieved by routine early screening of all newborns with hearing impairment for CMV before 3 weeks of age. The healthy hearing screening programme is a routine part of neonatal care. Enhancing the integration of screening for cCMV may reduce the current delays in diagnosis and should be evaluated.
Mycorrhizal phenotypes and the Law of the Minimum
Authors: Johnson Nancy Collins , Wilson Gail W. T. , Wilson Jacqueline A. , Miller R. Michael , Bowker Matthew A. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Mycorrhizal phenotypes arise from interactions among plant and fungal genotypes and the environment. Differences in the stoichiometry and uptake capacity of fungi and plants make arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inherently more nitrogen (N) limited and less phosphorus (P) limited than their host plants. Mutualistic phenotypes are most likely in P‐limited systems and commensal or parasitic phenotypes in N‐limited systems. Carbon (C) limitation is expected to cause phenotypes to shift from mutualism to commensalism and even parasitism.

Two experiments compared the influence of fertilizer and shade on mycorrhizas in Andropogon gerardii across three naturally N‐limited or P‐limited grasslands. A third experiment examined the interactive effects of N and P enrichment and shade on A. gerardii mycorrhizas.

Our experiments generated the full spectrum of mycorrhizal phenotypes. These findings support the hypothesis that mutualism is likely in P‐limited systems and commensalism or parasitism is likely in N‐limited systems. Furthermore, shade decreased C‐assimilation and generated less mutualistic mycorrhizal phenotypes with reduced plant and fungal biomass.

Soil fertility is a key controller of mycorrhizal costs and benefits and the Law of the Minimum is a useful predictor of mycorrhizal phenotype. In our experimental grasslands arbuscular mycorrhizas can ameliorate P‐limitation but not N‐limitation.
The myth of induction in qualitative nursing research
Authors: Bergdahl Elisabeth , Berterö Carina M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn nursing today, it remains unclear what constitutes a good foundation for qualitative scientific inquiry. There is a tendency to define qualitative research as a form of inductive inquiry; deductive practice is seldom discussed, and when it is, this usually occurs in the context of data analysis. We will look at how the terms ‘induction’ and ‘deduction’ are used in qualitative nursing science and by qualitative research theorists, and relate these uses to the traditional definitions of these terms by Popper and other philosophers of science. We will also question the assertion that qualitative research is or should be inductive. The position we defend here is that qualitative research should use deductive methods. We also see a need to understand the difference between the creative process needed to create theory and the justification of a theory. Our position is that misunderstandings regarding the philosophy of science and the role of inductive and deductive logic and science are still harming the development of nursing theory and science. The purpose of this article is to discuss and reflect upon inductive and deductive views of science as well as inductive and deductive analyses in qualitative research. We start by describing inductive and deductive methods and logic from a philosophy of science perspective, and we examine how the concepts of induction and deduction are often described and used in qualitative methods and nursing research. Finally, we attempt to provide a theoretical perspective that reconciles the misunderstandings regarding induction and deduction. Our conclusion is that openness towards deductive thinking and testing hypotheses is needed in qualitative nursing research. We must also realize that strict induction will not create theory; to generate theory, a creative leap is needed.
Results after the adoption of a MELD/PELD‐based liver allocation policy in Argentina
Authors: Dip Marcelo , Cejas Nora , Cervio Guillermo , Villamil Federico , Tagliafichi Viviana , Hansen Krogh Daniela , Imventarza Oscar , Soratti Carlos , Bisigniano Liliana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn July 2005, Argentina switched from a categorical liver allocation system to a MELD/PELD‐based policy for patients with CLD. To analyze WL outcomes and survival after LT in children. From January 2000 to December 2010, 923 children were registered. Two consecutive five‐yr periods were analyzed and compared: Era I (January 2000–July 2005) (n = 379) and Era II (July 2005–December 31, 2010) (n = 544). All data were prospectively collected and analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. After adopting the MELD/PELD system, WL registrations increased by 44% (from 379 to 544) and the number of LT increased by only 24% (from 278 to 365). However, three‐month WL mortality rate (32% to 18%, p < 0.0001, HR 2.002 CI 95% 1.5–2.8) decreased significantly. No significant differences were observed between Era 1 and II in one‐yr post‐LT survival (77.5% vs. 84.1%, p = 0.3053) and in acute re‐LT rate (9% vs. 5%, p = 0.1746). Under the MELD/PELD‐based allocation system in Argentina, mortality on the WL significantly decreased in children with CLD without affecting post‐LT survival, although reduced access to LT was observed.
Spatial Relationships among Dairy Farms, Drinking Water Quality, and Maternal‐Child Health Outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Blake Sarah Brown 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveAccess to clean and affordable water is a significant public health issue globally, in the United States, and in California where land is heavily used for agriculture and dairy operations. The purpose of this study was to explore the geographic relationships among dairy farms, nitrate levels in drinking water, low birth weight, and socioeconomic data at the ZIP code level in the San Joaquin Valley.Design and SampleThis ecological study used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to explore and analyze secondary data.MeasuresA total of 211 ZIP codes were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and regression analysis methods in ArcGIS version 10.1.ResultsZIP codes with dairies had a higher percentage of Hispanic births (p = .001). Spatial statistics revealed that ZIP codes with more dairy farms and a higher dairy cow density had higher levels of nitrate contamination. No correlation was detected between LBW and unsafe nitrate levels at the ZIP code level.ConclusionFurther research examining communities that use private and small community wells in the San Joaquin Valley should be conducted. Birth data from smaller geographic areas should be used to continue exploring the relationship between birth outcomes and nitrate contamination in drinking water.
Photophysics of Acetophenone Interacting with DNA: Why the Road to Photosensitization is Open
Authors: Huix‐Rotllant Miquel , Dumont Elise , Ferré Nicolas , Monari Antonio 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid photosensitization, i.e. the photoinduced electron‐ or energy‐transfer of chromophores interacting with DNA, is a crucial phenomenon that triggers important DNA lesions such as pyrimidine dimerization, even upon absorption of relatively low‐energy radiation. Oxidative lesions may also be produced via the photoinduced production of reactive oxygen species. Aromatic ketones, and acetophenone in particular, are well known for their sensitization effects. In this contribution we model the structural and dynamical properties of the acetophenone/DNA aggregates as well as their spectroscopic and photophysical properties using high‐level hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. We show that the key steps of the photochemistry of acetophenone in gas phase are conserved in the macromolecular environment and thus an ultrafast singlet–triplet conversion of acetophenone is expected prior to the transfer to DNA.
An Inverse‐regression Method of Dependent Variable Transformation for Dimension Reduction with Non‐linear Confounding
Authors: Lue Heng‐Hui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany model‐free dimension reduction methods have been developed for high‐dimensional regression data but have not paid much attention on problems with non‐linear confounding. In this paper, we propose an inverse‐regression method of dependent variable transformation for detecting the presence of non‐linear confounding. The benefit of using geometrical information from our method is highlighted. A ratio estimation strategy is incorporated in our approach to enhance the interpretation of variable selection. This approach can be implemented not only in principal Hessian directions (PHD) but also in other recently developed dimension reduction methods. Several simulation examples that are reported for illustration and comparisons are made with sliced inverse regression and PHD in ignorance of non‐linear confounding. An illustrative application to one real data is also presented.
The Morphology of Multiple Household Family Farms
Authors: Moreno‐Pérez Olga M. , Lobley Matt 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article endeavours to illuminate a largely underexplored area of family farming research; that of multiple‐household arrangements at the farm level. The investigation focused on an agricultural area of south‐east Spain where family‐based farms specialising in export‐oriented horticulture have undergone profound transformations over the last decades. In‐depth interviews were undertaken with 20 informants complemented by a face‐to‐face survey of 135 farmers. A closer look at the farm–family interplay unveiled the existence of holdings jointly managed by several kindred households. These farm governance structures are associated with a greater ability to cope with the managerial complexity of this agricultural system and provide a sound basis for farm expansion, thus emerging as an important element of farm differentiation. Micro‐level information allowed us to explore, for the first time, the variable morphology of the organisational forms that were often found to lie behind different legal arrangements and their role in the intergenerational transfer process. These findings have far‐reaching implications for research, since they take us considerably beyond the picture portrayed by conventional agricultural statistics and challenge many of the traditional assumptions and categories of the existing literature on family farming.
Governing Animal–human Relations in Farming Practices: A Study of Group Housing of Sows in the EU
Authors: de Krom Michiel P. M. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEU pig welfare legislation required European pig farmers to shift from individual to group housing of pregnant sows by 1 January 2013. This requirement was principally designed to meet the sows' needs for locomotion and interaction with conspecifics. This article explores how the legislation affected everyday sow–farmer interactions, which influence farm animal welfare to an important degree. We start by analysing conceptualisations of sow welfare and sow–farmer relations as implicated in the EU directive and the scientific advice that informed it. Contending that these conceptualisations largely overlook co‐developments in sow housing systems and sow–farmer relations, we subsequently introduce an alternative analytical framework that builds on sociological, practice‐oriented theories. We then apply this framework to analyse 19 qualitative interviews with pig farmers in Belgium on the on‐farm introduction of group sow housing. In this analysis, we discern different ways in which farmers' choices for particular group housing systems were co‐constituted by and co‐constitutive of everyday sow–farmer relations. We conclude by reflecting on the scientific and policy implications of these findings.
Finished Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 Strain HMS174 (ATCC 47011)
Authors: Mairhofer Juergen , Krempl Peter M. , Thallinger Gerhard G. , Striedner Gerald 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
strain K-12 substrain HMS174 is an engineered descendant of the
E. coli
K-12 wild-type strain. Like its ancestor, it is an important organism in biotechnological research and is used in fermentation processes for heterologous protein production. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
E. coli
HMS174 (ATCC 47011).
Draft Genome Sequence of Psychrotrophic
Acinetobacter
sp. Strain MN12 (MTCC 10786), Which Produces a Low-Temperature-Active and Alkaline-Stable Peptidase
Authors: Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Salwan Richa , Kasana Ramesh Chand , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain MN12 (MTCC 10786), which is a psychrotrophic bacterium that produces an extracellular low-temperature-active and alkaline-stable peptidase. The draft genome assembly of
Acinetobacter
sp. MN12 has a size of 4.31 Mbp, with a G+C content of 40.75%.
Metagenomes of Microbial Communities in Arsenic- and Pathogen-Contaminated Well and Surface Water from Bangladesh
Authors: Layton Alice C. , Chauhan Archana , Williams Daniel E. , Mailloux Brian , Knappett Peter S. K. , Ferguson Andrew S. , McKay Larry D. , Alam M. Jahangir , Matin Ahmed Kazi , van Geen Alexander , Sayler Gary S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
The contamination of drinking water from both arsenic and microbial pathogens occurs in Bangladesh. A general metagenomic survey of well water and surface water provided information on the types of pathogens present and may help elucidate arsenic metabolic pathways and potential assay targets for monitoring surface-to-ground water pathogen transport.
Reidentification of Ebola Virus E718 and ME as Ebola Virus/H.sapiens-tc/COD/1976/Yambuku-Ecran
Authors: Kuhn Jens H. , Lofts Loreen L. , Kugelman Jeffrey R. , Smither Sophie J. , Lever Mark S. , van der Groen Guido , Johnson Karl M. , Radoshitzky Sheli R. , Bavari Sina , Jahrling Peter B. , Towner Jonathan S. , Nichol Stuart T. , Palacios Gustavo 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Ebola virus (EBOV) was discovered in 1976 around Yambuku, Zaire. A lack of nomenclature standards resulted in a variety of designations for each isolate, leading to confusion in the literature and databases. We sequenced the genome of isolate E718/ME/Ecran and unified the various designations under Ebola virus/H.sapiens-tc/COD/1976/Yambuku-Ecran.
Genome Sequences of Vibrio navarrensis, a Potential Human Pathogen
Authors: Gladney Lori M. , Katz Lee S. , Knipe Kristen M. , Rowe Lori A. , Conley Andrew B. , Rishishwar Lavanya , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo , Jordan I. King , Tarr Cheryl L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Vibrio navarrensis
is an aquatic bacterium recently shown to be associated with human illness. We report the first genome sequences of three
V. navarrensis
strains obtained from clinical and environmental sources. Preliminary analyses of the sequences reveal that
V. navarrensis
contains genes commonly associated with virulence in other human pathogens.
Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain VKPM B-10182, Producing the Enzyme for Synthesis of Cephalosporin Acids
Authors: Mardanov Andrey V. , Eldarov Mikhail A. , Sklyarenko Anna V. , Dumina Maria V. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Yarotsky Sergey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
strain VKPM B-10182, obtained by chemical mutagenesis from
E. coli
strain ATCC 9637, produces cephalosporin acid synthetase employed in the synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics, such as cefazolin. The draft genome sequence of strain VKPM B-10182 revealed 32 indels and 1,780 point mutations that might account for the improvement in antibiotic synthesis that we observed.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis Strain AI06, an Endophyte of the Amazonian Açaí Palm
Authors: McCulloch John Anthony , de Oliveira Viviane Matoso , de Almeida Pina André Vicioli , Pérez-Chaparro Paula Juliana , de Almeida Lara Mendes , de Vasconcelos Janaina Mota , de Oliveira Layanna Freitas , da Silva Daisy Elaine Andrade , Rogez Hervé Louis Ghislain , Cretenet Marina , Mamizuka Elsa Masae , Nunes Marcio Roberto Teixeira 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the genome, in a single chromosome, of
Lactococcus lactis
strain AI06, isolated from the mesocarp of the açaí fruit (
Euterpe oleracea
) in eastern Amazonia, Brazil. This strain is an endophyte of the açaí palm and also a component of the microbiota of the edible food product.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Overexpression Does Not Enhance Adipose Stromal Cell–Induced Protection on Muscle Damage in Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Olea Fernanda Daniela , Locatelli Paola , Hnatiuk Anna , De Lorenzi Andrea , Valdivieso León , Rocha Estefanía , Ramírez Rodrigo , Laguens Rubén , Crottogini Alberto 
Published: November 2014

Objectives—
Critical limb ischemia complicates peripheral artery disease leading to tissue damage and amputation. We hypothesized that modifying adipose stromal cells (ASCs) to overexpress human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF) would limit ischemic muscle damage to a larger extent than nonmodified ASCs.

Approach and Results—

Rabbits with critical hindlimb ischemia were injected with allogeneic abdominal fat-derived ASCs transfected with plasmid-VEGF
165
(ASCs-VEGF; n=10). Additional rabbits received nontransfected ASCs (ASCs; n=10) or vehicle (placebo; n=10). One month later, ASCs-VEGF rabbits exhibited significantly higher density of angiographically visible collaterals and capillaries versus placebo (both
P
<0.05) but not versus ASCs (both
P
=NS). Arteriolar density, however, was increased in both ASCs and ASCs-VEGF groups (both
P
<0.05 versus placebo). ASCs-VEGF and ASCs showed comparable post-treatment improvements in Doppler-assessed peak systolic velocity, blood pressure ratio, and resistance index. Ischemic lesions were found in 40% of the muscle samples in the placebo group, 19% in the ASCs-VEGF group, and 17% in the ASCs groups (both
P
<0.05 versus placebo, Fisher test).

Conclusions—
In a rabbit model of critical limb ischemia, intramuscular injection of ASCs genetically modified to overexpress VEGF increase angiographically visible collaterals and capillary density. However, both modified and nonmodified ASCs increase arteriolar density to a similar extent and afford equal protection against ischemia-induced muscle lesions. These results indicate that modifying ASCs to overexpress VEGF does not enhance the protective effect of ASCs, and that arteriolar proliferation plays a pivotal role in limiting the irreversible tissue damage of critical limb ischemia.
Digoxin and Risk of Death in Adults With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Freeman James V. , Reynolds Kristi , Fang Margaret , Udaltsova Natalia , Steimle Anthony , Pomernacki Niela K. , Borowsky Leila H. , Harrison Teresa N. , Singer Daniel E. , Go Alan S. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Digoxin remains commonly used for rate control in atrial fibrillation, but limited data exist supporting this practice and some studies have shown an association with adverse outcomes. We examined the independent association between digoxin and risks of death and hospitalization in adults with incident atrial fibrillation and no heart failure.

Methods and Results—

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 14 787 age, sex, and high-dimensional propensity score-matched adults with incident atrial fibrillation and no previous heart failure or digoxin use in the AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation-Cardiovascular Research Network (ATRIA-CVRN) study within Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California. We examined the independent association between newly initiated digoxin and the risks of death and hospitalization using extended Cox regression. During a median 1.17 (interquartile range, 0.49–1.97) years of follow-up among matched patients with atrial fibrillation, incident digoxin use was associated with higher rates of death (8.3 versus 4.9 per 100 person-years;
P
<0.001) and hospitalization (60.1 versus 37.2 per 100 person-years;
P
<0.001). Incident digoxin use was independently associated with a 71% higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–1.93) and a 63% higher risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.56–1.71). Results were consistent in subgroups of age and sex and when using intent-to-treat or on-treatment analytic approaches.

Conclusions—
In adults with atrial fibrillation, digoxin use was independently associated with higher risks of death and hospitalization. Given other available rate control options, digoxin should be used with caution in the management of atrial fibrillation.
Free-living stages of the parasitic copepod Lernanthropinus labracoglossae Izawa, 2014 (Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae), reared from eggs
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: November 2014

Free-living stages, comprising two naupliar stages and the infective copepodid I, of the parasitic copepod Lernanthropinus labracoglossae Izawa, 2014 are described. The larvae were reared from eggs detached from an ovigerous female, recovered from the branchial lamellae of the Japanese actinopterygian fish Labracoglossa argentiventris Peter, 1866 (Kyphosidae). The number of naupliar stages prior to copepodopid I in the Lernanthropidae is the same as in the Caligidae, Pseudohatschekidae and Trebiidae. The copepodid I of the species has a frontal filament, as do representatives of the Caligidae, Pandaridae and Trebiidae. However, this is regarded as a vestigial feature in the last two families. Copepodid I of L. labracoglossae has a 6-segmented antennule, including the naked first segment, as do the first copepodids of eudactylinid copepods.