bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term health outcomes of work‐related injuries among construction workers—findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Wang Xuanwen , Largay Julie A. , Sokas Rosemary 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThis study examined the relationship between work‐related injuries and health outcomes among a cohort of blue‐collar construction workers.Materials and MethodsData were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort (NLSY79; n = 12,686). A range of health outcomes among blue‐collar construction workers (n = 1,435) were measured when they turned age 40 (1998–2006) and stratified by these workers' prior work‐related injury status between 1988 and 2000. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to measure differences among subgroups.ResultsAbout 38% of the construction cohort reported injuries resulting in days away from work (DAFW); another 15% were injured but reported no DAFW (NDAFW). At age 40, an average of 10 years after injury, those with DAFW injury had worse self‐reported general health and mental health, and more diagnosed conditions and functional limitations than those without injury. This difference was statistically significant after controlling for major demographics.DiscussionAdverse health effects from occupational injury among construction workers persist longer than previously documented. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:308–318, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breast cancer incidence in a cohort of U.S. flight attendants
Authors: Schubauer‐Berigan Mary K. , Anderson Jeri L. , Hein Misty J. , Little Mark P. , Sigurdson Alice J. , Pinkerton Lynne E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundFlight attendants may have elevated breast cancer incidence (BCI). We evaluated BCI's association with cosmic radiation dose and circadian rhythm disruption among 6,093 female former U.S. flight attendants.MethodsWe collected questionnaire data on BCI and risk factors for breast cancer from 2002–2005. We conducted analyses to evaluate (i) BCI in the cohort compared to the U.S. population; and (ii) exposure‐response relations. We applied an indirect adjustment to estimate whether parity and age at first birth (AFB) differences between the cohort and U.S. population could explain BCI that differed from expectation.ResultsBCI was elevated but may be explained by lower parity and older AFB in the cohort than among U.S. women. BCI was not associated with exposure metrics in the cohort overall. Significant positive associations with both were observed only among women with parity of three or more.ConclusionsFuture cohort analyses may be informative on the role of these occupational exposures and non‐occupational risk factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:252–266, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Airborne fiber size characterization in exposure estimation: Evaluation of a modified transmission electron microcopy protocol for asbestos and potential use for carbon nanotubes and nanofibers
Authors: Dement John M. , Kuempel Eileen D. , Zumwalde Ralph D. , Ristich Anna M. , Fernback Joseph E. , Smith Randall J. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundAirborne fiber size has been shown to be an important factor relative to adverse lung effects of asbestos and suggested in animal studies of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers (CNT/CNF).Materials and MethodsThe International Standards Organization (ISO) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method for asbestos was modified to increase the statistical precision of fiber size determinations, improve efficiency, and reduce analysis costs. Comparisons of the fiber size distributions and exposure indices by laboratory and counting method were performed.ResultsNo significant differences in size distributions by the ISO and modified ISO methods were observed. Small but statistically‐significant inter‐lab differences in the proportion of fibers in some size bins were found, but these differences had little impact on the summary exposure indices. The modified ISO method produced slightly more precise estimates of the long fiber fraction (>15 μm).ConclusionsThe modified ISO method may be useful for estimating size‐specific structure exposures, including CNT/CNF, for risk assessment research. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:494–508, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Inclusion of Women in Studies of Occupational Cancer: A Review of the Epidemiologic Literature From 1991–2009
Authors: Hohenadel Karin , Raj Priyanka , Demers Paul A. , Zahm Shelia Hoar , Blair Aaron 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionSince the early 1990s, researchers have been concerned with the low rate at which women are included in epidemiologic studies of occupational cancer. A previous evaluation determined that one‐third of articles published between 1970 and 1990 included women.MethodsTo assess whether there has been an improvement in recent years, papers on occupational cancer between 1991 and 2009 were reviewed in fifteen journals.ResultsThe proportion of articles that included men remained stable around 90%, while the proportion of articles that included women increased substantially, from 39% in 1991–1995 to 62% in 2006–2009. Articles that assessed risk among men only or men and women presented a higher number of risk estimates and were more likely to evaluate dose‐response relationships than studies including women.ConclusionsDespite advances in the inclusion of women in studies of occupational cancer, disparities remain in the number of studies of occupational cancer and depth of analysis in studies that included women. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:276–281, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles by Gas‐Free Carbonylation using Dicobalt Octacarbonyl as a Solid Carbon Monoxide Source
Authors: Baburajan Poongavanam , Elango Kuppanagounder P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA simple, mild, and facile carbonylation procedure to synthesise 2‐arylbenzoxazole derivatives using dicobalt octacarbonyl [Co2(CO)8] as an in situ carbon monoxide source is described. This method is tolerant of a variety of functional groups and the compounds are obtained in high to excellent yields. Moreover, the reaction is performed in one‐pot with a simple workup procedure. The choice of catalytic system as well as base is important in order to ensure a high yield and chemoselectivity in the reaction. Both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient aryl bromides worked well in this reaction.
Paternal lineages in Libya inferred from Y‐chromosome haplogroups
Authors: Triki‐Fendri Soumaya , Sánchez‐Diz Paula , Rey‐González Danel , Ayadi Imen , Carracedo Ángel , Rebai Ahmed 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMany studies based on genetic diversity of North African populations have contributed to elucidate the modelling of the genetic landscape in this region. North Africa is considered as a distinct spatial‐temporal entity on geographic, archaeological, and historical grounds, which has undergone the influence of different human migrations along its shaping. For instance, Libya, a North African country, was first inhabited by Berbers and then colonized by a variety of ethnic groups like Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs and, in recent times, Italians. In this study, we contribute to clarify the genetic variation of Libya and consequently, of North African modern populations, by the study of Libyan male lineages. A total of 22 Y‐chromosome‐specific SNPs were genotyped in a sample of 175 Libyan males, allowing the characterization of 18 Y‐chromosomal haplogroups. The obtained data revealed a predominant Northwest African component represented by haplogroup E‐M81 (33.7%) followed by J(xJ1a,J2)‐M304 (27.4%), which is postulated to have a Middle Eastern origin. The comparative study with other populations (∼5,400 individuals from North Africa, Middle East, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and Europe) revealed a general genetic homogeneity among North African populations (FST = 5.3 %; P‐value < 0.0001). Overall, the Y‐haplogroup diversity in Libya and in North Africa is characterized by two genetic components. The first signature is typical of Berber‐speaking people (E‐M81), the autochthonous inhabitants, whereas the second is (J(xJ1a,J2)‐M304), originating from Arabic populations. This is in agreement with the hypothesis of an Arabic expansion from the Middle East, shaping the North African genetic landscape. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:242–251, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial risk of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis: genetics or environment
Authors: Oakley Gretchen M. , Curtin Karen , Orb Quinn , Schaefer Carole , Orlandi Richard R. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition, with significant effects on morbidity and quality of life, yet little is known about its pathogenesis. Preliminary evidence suggests there is a heritable component to the multifactorial etiology of CRS; however, our understanding of this genetic susceptibility is limited.MethodsUsing an extensive genealogical database linked to medical records, the risk of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without polyps (CRSsNP) was calculated for relatives and spouses of adult probands (1638 CRSwNP and 24,200 CRSsNP patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2011) and were compared to random population controls matched 5:1 on sex and birth year from Cox regression models.ResultsFirst‐degree relatives (1stDRs) of CRSwNP patients demonstrated a 4.1‐fold increased risk (p < 10−3) of carrying the same diagnosis, whereas second‐degree relatives (2ndDRs) demonstrated a 3.3‐fold increased risk (p < 0.004), compared to controls. In CRSsNP patients, 1stDRs were at 2.4‐fold increased risk (p < 10−15), whereas 2ndDRs were at 1.4‐fold increased risk (p < 10−15) of the same diagnosis. Third‐degree relatives (3rdDRs) had a slight increased risk at 1.1‐fold (p < 10−7). Spouses of CRSsNP patients, who likely share environmental circumstances, exhibited a 2‐fold increased risk (p < 10−15). No increased risk was observed in spouses of CRSwNP patients.ConclusionIn the largest population study to date, a significant familial risk is confirmed in CRSwNP and CRSsNP, which may have a shared genetic and environmental component. Further understanding of the genetic basis of CRS and its interplay with environment factors could clarify disease etiology and lead to more effective targeted treatments.
The Nucleoside Uridine Isolated in the Gas Phase
Authors: Peña Isabel , Cabezas Carlos , Alonso José L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerein we present the first experimental observation of the isolated nucleoside uridine, placed in the gas phase by laser ablation and characterized by Fourier transform (FT) microwave techniques. Free from the bulk effects of their native environments, anti/C2′‐endo‐g+ conformation has been revealed as the most stable form of uridine. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving uracil and ribose moieties have been found to play an important role in the stabilization of the nucleoside.
Advanced Biotechnology: Metabolically Engineered Cells for the Bio‐Based Production of Chemicals and Fuels, Materials, and Health‐Care Products
Authors: Becker Judith , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCorynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in particular, have become established as important industrial workhorses in biotechnology. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in their advance into tailor‐made producers, driven by the upcoming demand for sustainable processes and renewable raw materials. Here, the diversity and complexity of nature is simultaneously a challenge and a benefit. Harnessing biodiversity in the right manner through synergistic progress in systems metabolic engineering and chemical synthesis promises a future innovative bio‐economy.
Photonic Patterns Printed in Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Resins
Authors: Khan Mostofa K. , Bsoul Anas , Walus Konrad , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChiral nematic mesoporous phenol‐formaldehyde resins, which were prepared using cellulose nanocrystals as a template, can be used as a substrate to produce latent photonic images. These resins undergo swelling, which changes their reflected color. By writing on the films with chemical inks, the density of methylol groups in the resin changes, subsequently affecting their degree of swelling and, consequently, their color. Writing on the films gives latent images that are revealed only upon swelling of the films. Using inkjet printing, it is possible to make higher resolution photonic patterns both as text and images that can be visualized by swelling and erased by drying. This novel approach to printing photonic patterns in resin films may be applied to anti‐counterfeit tags, signage, and decorative applications.
A TEMPO‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Xu Boran , Lumb Jean‐Philip , Arndtsen Bruce A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols without an external N‐oxide co‐oxidant is described. The catalyst system is composed of a Cu/diamine complex inspired by the enzyme tyrosinase, along with dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or N‐methylimidazole (NMI). The Cu catalyst system works without 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐l‐piperidinoxyl (TEMPO) at ambient pressure and temperature, and displays activity for un‐activated secondary alcohols, which remain a challenging substrate for catalytic aerobic systems. Our work underscores the importance of finding alternative mechanistic pathways for alcohol oxidation, which complement Cu/TEMPO systems, and demonstrate, in this case, a preference for the oxidation of activated secondary over primary alcohols.
The Catalytic Mechanism of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Haemagglutinin‐Neuraminidase Revealed
Authors: Dirr Larissa , El‐Deeb Ibrahim M. , Guillon Patrice , Carroux Cindy J. , Chavas Leonard M. G. , von Itzstein Mark 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHuman parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV‐3) is one of the leading causes for lower respiratory tract disease in children, with neither an approved antiviral drug nor vaccine available to date. Understanding the catalytic mechanism of human parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) protein is key to the design of specific inhibitors against this virus. Herein, we used 1H NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and virological assays to study the catalytic mechanism of the HN enzyme activity and have identified the conserved Tyr530 as a key amino acid involved in catalysis. A novel 2,3‐difluorosialic acid derivative showed prolonged enzyme inhibition and was found to react and form a covalent bond with Tyr530. Furthermore, the novel derivative exhibited enhanced potency in virus blockade assays relative to its Neu2en analogue. These outcomes open the door for a new generation of potent inhibitors against hPIV‐3 HN.
Manufacturing and mechanical response optimization of epoxy resin/Luffa Cylindrica composite
Authors: Papanicolaou George C. , Psarra Erato , Anastasiou Dimitris 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe present investigation pertains to the existent possibilities of the fibrous natural material Luffa Cylindrica (LC) as reinforcement to thermoset resins. The main purpose was the manufacturing of an engineering material that would, simultaneously, lead to a more sustainable world. In an effort to optimize the final mechanical properties, semi‐ green Epoxy Resin/Luffa Cylindrica (ER/LC) composites were manufactured, applying a number of different manufacturing parameters combinations. The manufacturing parameters taken into account were: (a) fiber chemical treatments; (b) the external applied pressure during curing; (c) number of plies; (d) stacking sequence effect; (e) LC's structural characteristics; and (f) the influence of fiber weight fraction on composite's behavior. The elastic flexural response of the composite polymer was found improved with respect to neat polymer's response due to fibers' nature and the applied manufacturing optimization process. This improvement was reflected to material's stiffness which optimally increased by 48% for a mechanically applied pressure of 4.6 kPa during curing. Additionally, LC fibers chemically treated with Acetone/ CH3COOH 1 wt % led to stiffness' improvement up to 30%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41992.
Aqueous, interfacial, and electrochemical polymerization pathways of aniline with thiophene: Nano size materials for supercapacitor
Authors: Male Umashankar , Singu Bal Sydulu , Srinivasan Palaniappan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAniline was mixed with thiophene and oxidized by ammonium persulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid via an aqueous polymerization pathway (PAT‐AP). Aqueous polymerization was also carried by sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant, and also by interfacial and electrochemical polymerization pathways. Polymers prepared were characterized by physical, spectral, and electrochemical methods. Nanofibers (30–60 nm diameter) was obtained in the case of aqueous polymerization pathway, whereas interfacial (40–60 nm) and electrochemical polymerization pathways show particulate (500–600 nm) morphology. Polymer samples were used as electrode materials in supercapacitor. Among the four different pathways, PAT‐AP nanofibers show higher capacitance of 614 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1. The values of specific capacitance, energy, and power densities of PAT‐AP were found to be 400 F g−1, 20 W h kg−1 and 1200 W kg−1, respectively, at a current density of 2 A g−1. The retention capacitance is 78% after completion of 1000 cycles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42013.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions Utilizing CH and XH as Nucleophiles
Authors: Liu Dong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, iodine‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions utilizing CH and XH as nucleophiles have received considerable attention because they represent more efficient, greener, more atom‐economical, and milder bond‐formation strategies over transition‐metal‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. This Focus Review gives a brief summary of recent development on iodine‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions utilizing CH and XH as nucleophiles.
The North American winter ‘dipole’ and extremes activity: a CMIP5 assessment
Authors: Wang Shih‐Yu Simon , Huang Wan‐Ru , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe 2013–2014 winter in North America brought intense drought in the West and severe cold in the East. The circulation anomalies were characterized as a dipole: an amplified upper‐level ridge over the West Coast and a deepened trough over the central‐eastern United States. A previous study using a single model has linked the dipole to the El Niño precursor and found that this link has strengthened in recent years. Here, 17 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 are used to examine the dipole activity. Most models capture the dipole and its association with El Niño precursor and project this association to strengthen.
Self‐similar evolutionary solutions for an accreting magneto‐fluid around a compact object with finite electrical conductivity
Authors: Habibi F. , Pazhouhesh R. , Shaghaghian M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the time evolution of an accreting magneto‐fluid with finite conductivity. For the case of a thin disk, the fluid equations along with Maxwell's equations are derived in a simplified, one‐dimensional model that neglects the latitudinal dependence of the flow. The finite electrical conductivity of the plasma is taken into account by Ohm's law; however, the shear viscous stress is neglected, as well as the self‐gravity of the disk. In order to solve the integrated equations that govern the dynamical behaviour of the magneto‐fluid, we have used a self‐similar solution. We introduce two dimensionless variables, S0 and εϱ, which represent the size of the electrical conductivity and the density behaviour with time, respectively. The effect of each of these on the structure of the disk is studied. While the pressure is obtained simply by solving an ordinary differential equation, the density, the magnetic field, the radial velocity, and the rotational velocity are presented analytically. The solutions show that the S0 and εϱ parameters affect the radial thickness of the disk. Also, radial velocity and gas pressure are more sensitive to the electrical conductivity in the inner regions of disk. Moreover, the parameter εϱ has a more significant effect on the physical quantities for small radii. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometric characterization of the Arjuna orbital domain
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractArjuna‐type orbits are characterized by being Earth‐like, having both low‐eccentricity and low‐inclination. Objects following these trajectories experience repeated trappings in the 1:1 commensurability with the Earth and can become temporary Trojans, horseshoe librators, quasi‐satellites, and even transient natural satellites. Here, we review what we know about this peculiar dynamical group and use a Monte Carlo simulation to characterize geometrically the Arjuna orbital domain, studying its visibility both from the ground and with the European Space Agency Gaia spacecraft. The visibility analysis from the ground together with the discovery circumstances of known objects are used as proxies to estimate the current size of this population. The impact cross‐section of the Earth for minor bodies in this resonant group is also investigated. We find that, for ground‐based observations, the solar elongation at perigee of nearly half of these objects is less than 90°. They are best observed by space‐borne telescopes, but Gaia is not going to improve significantly the current discovery rate for members of this class. Our results suggest that the size of this population may have been underestimated by current models. On the other hand, their intrinsically low encounter velocities with the Earth induce a 10–1000‐fold increase in the impact cross‐section with respect to what is typical for objects in the Apollo or Aten asteroid populations. We estimate that their probability of capture as transient natural satellites of our planet is about 8 %. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Digitization of sunspot drawings by Spörer made in 1861–1894
Authors: Diercke A. , Arlt R. , Denker C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMost of our knowledge about the Sun's activity cycle arises from sunspot observations over the last centuries since telescopes have been used for astronomy. The German astronomer Gustav Spörer observed almost daily the Sun from 1861 until the beginning of 1894 and assembled a 33‐year collection of sunspot data covering a total of 445 solar rotation periods. These sunspot drawings were carefully placed on an equidistant grid of heliographic longitude and latitude for each rotation period, which were then copied to copper plates for a lithographic reproduction of the drawings in astronomical journals. In this article, we describe in detail the process of capturing these data as digital images, correcting for various effects of the aging print materials, and preparing the data for contemporary scientific analysis based on advanced image processing techniques. With the processed data we create a butterfly diagram aggregating sunspot areas, and we present methods to measure the size of sunspots (umbra and penumbra) and to determine tilt angles of active regions. A probability density function of the sunspot area is computed, which conforms to contemporary data after rescaling. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)