bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study
Authors: Reddy N Simhachalam , Siddaramayya Jayaraman , Sajjanar Arunkumar B , Godhi Brinda Suhas , Krishnam Raju P 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Various space maintainers are used in pediatric dentistry. However, their construction requires time consuming laboratory procedures. Recently fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) has been introduced for various application in dentistry. Polyethylene fibers appear to have the best properties in elasticity, translucency, adaptability, tenaciousness, resistance to traction and to impact. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the long-term effect of FRCR space maintainer made with Ribbond® bondable reinforcement ribbon in children over a period of 18 months. A total of thirty FRCR space maintainers were applied to 30 children between the age group of 6 to 9 years old, follow-up visits were done at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Maxillary appliances survived more than mandibular appliances. Mean survival time of space maintainer were found to be 12 months (minimum 1 and maximum 18 months). The present study suggested that FRCR space maintainers (Ribbond®), which was observed for up to 18 months, can be accepted as a successful alternative to conventional band-loop space maintainer only for short periods.

How to cite this article
Saravanakumar MS, Siddaramayya J, Sajjanar AB, Godhi BS, Reddy NS, Krishnam RP. Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1070-1075.
Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites
Authors: Barutcigil Çağatay , Harorli Osman Tolga , Bayindir Yusuf Ziya , Bayindir Funda 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Aims
Tooth colored dental restorative materials should maintain their chromatic properties throughout their service period. The aim of this study was to examine the possible color changes of flowable resin composite filling materials following water storage. The effect of additional light curing on color stability of restorative materials was also investigated.

Materials and methods
Six brands of light-cured flowable resin composites of the same shade (A3) were prepared from two groups generated by curing for 20 or 60 seconds. The initial color parameters of the flowable composite samples were measured with a dental colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale, and the samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC. Following 2 weeks' water storage, the measurements were repeated. The color differences (ΔE*ab) were calculated according to the CIELAB formula. Statistical differences between the measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's tests.

Results
No initial color variation between the samples cured for 20 seconds and 60 seconds was perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). However, after 2 weeks' water storage, a noticeable color change, ΔE*ab>3.3, was detected in Eco-flow, Filtek Supreme and Grandio samples in both polymerization groups.

Conclusion
Flowable resin composites may exhibit a significant color change as a result of water storage. Sixty seconds exposure period does not influence the final color.

Clinical significance
Clinicians should be aware of color shifts in flowable resins.

How to cite this article
Harorli OT, Barutcigil C, Bayindir YZ, Bayindir F. Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1109-1114.
Determination of Inner Implant's Volumes: A Pilot Study for Microleakage Quantification by Stereomicroscopy and Spectrophotometry
Authors: Berberi A , Tehini G , Tabaja Z , Kobaissi A , Hamze K , Rifai K , Ezzedine M , Badran B , Chokr A 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAimMicroleakage quantification of fluids and microorganisms through the connections of different implant parts seems to be sparse. Moreover, no data exist regarding the determination of the volumes of inner parts of dental implant systems.This study aims to determine the volumes of inner parts of three dental implant systems with the same interface and to evaluate the microleakage phenomenon.Materials and methodsThree implant system sets (Euroteknika ®, Astra Tech® and Implantium®) were used in this study. Implants were inoculated with safranin, brain heart infusion and distilled water. After inoculation and assembly of the different parts, different inner volumes (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5and V6) were measured and, the surfaces of the micro gaps were observed through a stereomicroscope. Implants containing safranin were immersed in vials containing distilled water. Samples then were taken to determine optical density using a spectrophotometer.ResultsRegardless the used substance, volumes of the 3-implant systems are different. Although volumes V1, V2, V3and V5appeared to be constant within the same system regardless the used substance, volumes V4and V6were not.ConclusionThe determination of the volumes and the evaluation of leaked substance using stereomicroscopic and spectrophotometric methods showed the accuracy of these methods and the importance of their use in the study of microleakage.Clinical significanceLeakage is an important factor for chronic inflammatory infiltration and marginal bone resorption. Studies have shown fluid and bacterial leakage into abutmentimplant (A-I) assemblies of certain implants with ‘closely locked’ abutments and the creation of a constant bacterial reservoir in the empty space found between the implant and the abutment.How to cite this articleBerberi A, Tehini G, Tabaja Z, Kobaissi A, Hamze K, Rifai K, Ezzedine M, Badran B, Chokr A. Determination of Inner Implant's Volumes: A Pilot Study for Microleakage Quantification by Stereomicroscopy and Spectrophotometry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1122-1130.
Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins
Authors: Kyoizumi Hideaki , Yamada Junji , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Kanehira Masafumi , Finger Werner J , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins.

Materials and methods
Toothbrushes (DENT. EX Slimhead II 33, Lion Dental Products Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) marked as soft, medium and hard, were used to brush 10 beam-shaped specimens of each of three composites resins (Venus [VEN], Venus Diamond [VED] and Venus Pearl [VEP]; HeraeusKulzer) with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05).

Results
Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r2 > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 μm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 μm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition.

Conclusion
Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness.

Clinical significance
The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin.

How to cite this article
Kyoizumi H, Yamada J, Suzuki T, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Sasaki K. Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1137-1144.
Relevance of Routine Blood Pressure Assessment among Dental Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Isiekwe Gerald Ikenna , Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Ayanbadejo Patricia Omowunmi , Umeizudike Theophilus Ifeanyichukwu , Savage Kofoworola Olaide 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine the relevance of routine blood pressure (BP) measurement in patients attending the dental clinic.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective survey of patients who attended the dental clinic in the Preventive Dentistry Department of a tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria over an eighteen month period. Data retrieved from the patient's hospital records included age, sex, BP and history of hypertension. Data was analyzed using Epi info 2011 package. p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 1910 patients’ records were assessed. Females represented 53.4% (n = 1020) of the study population. The mean age was 37.1 ± 15.0 years (range 18-88 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 39.9% (n = 763). Hypertension was stage 1 in 25.5%, stage 2 in 9.8% and severe in 4.6% of the dental patients. Past medical history of hypertension was obtained for 952 patients (49.8%). Of the 763 patients with high blood pressure, 14.8% had a known history of hypertension, while 42.1% were previously undiagnosed (p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic BP increased with increasing age (p < 0.05) and was significantly higher in males than females (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The high prevalence of hypertension noted among the study population with its potential consequence during dental procedures makes the measurement of blood pressure a valuable assessment in a dental clinic.

Clinical significance
The high prevalence of hypertension particularly the previously undiagnosed cases among the dental patients highlights the relevance of routine blood pressure assessment prior to dental procedures in contemporary dental practice, so as to minimize the potential complications that could occur.

How to cite this article
Umeizudike KA, Ayanbadejo PO, Umeizudike TI, Isiekwe GI, Savage KO. Relevance of Routine Blood Pressure Assessment among Dental Patients in Lagos, Nigeria. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1145-1150.
New Regression Equations for Mixed Dentition Space Analysis in an Iranian Population
Authors: Toodehzaeim Mohammad Hossein , Aghili Hossein , Shariatifar Elham , Dehghani Mahboobe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsPrediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars is an important aspect of mixed dentition analysis. The accuracy of Tanaka-Johnston equations, the most commonly method, is questionable when it is applied to different ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to develop a new regression equation for this prediction in an Iranian population.Materials and methodsThe dental casts of 120 Iranian subjects with complete permanent dentition were selected. Mesiodistal crown widths of teeth were measured with digital caliper. In the first part of the study, the correlation and linear regression equations between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments of both arches were developed (modified Tanaka-Johnston equation). In the second part, as a new method, correlation and linear regression equations were developed between the sum of mandibular central incisorsmaxillary first molars and the canine-premolars segments.ResultsIt was found that the correlation coefficients between the sum of mandibular central incisors-maxillary first molars and the maxillary and mandibular canine-premolars segments were higher (r = 0.66, 0.68 respectively) than the one between the four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolars segments (r = 0.58. 0.64).ConclusionNew linear regression equations were derived. In this study, the sum of mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molars was better predictor for unerupted canines and premolars. This novel approach allows the prediction of width of unerupted canines and premolars to take place at earlier age.Clinical significanceUsing the new method, orthodontists could take advantage of mixed dentition analysis at earlier age. Moreover, to test the derived equations on a larger sample size and in other ethnicities is highly recommended.How to cite this articleToodehzaeim MH, Aghili H, Shariatifar E, Dehghani M. New Regression Equations for Mixed Dentition Space Analysis in an Iranian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1156-1160.
Discovery of the Largest Historic Silicic Submarine Eruption
Authors: Carey Rebecca J. , Wysoczanski Richard , Wunderman Richard , Jutzeler Martin 
Published: May 2014

It was likely twice the size of the renowned Mount St. Helens eruption of 1980 and perhaps more than 10 times bigger than the more recent 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland. However, unlike those two events, which dominated world news headlines, in 2012 the daylong submarine silicic eruption at Havre volcano in the Kermadec Arc, New Zealand (Figure 1a; ~800 kilometers north of Auckland, New Zealand), passed without fanfare. In fact, for a while no one even knew it had occurred.
Overview of the Mars Science Laboratory mission: Bradbury Landing to Yellowknife Bay and beyond
Authors: Vasavada A. R. , Grotzinger J. P. , Arvidson R. E. , Calef F. J. , Crisp J. A. , Gupta S. , Hurowitz J. , Mangold N. , Maurice S. , Schmidt M. E. , Wiens R. C. , Williams R. M. E. , Yingst R. A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory mission reached Bradbury Landing in August 2012. In its first 500 sols, the rover Curiosity was commissioned and began its investigation of the habitability of past and present environments within Gale Crater. Curiosity traversed eastward toward Glenelg, investigating a boulder with a highly alkaline basaltic composition, encountering numerous exposures of outcropping pebble conglomerate, and sampling aeolian sediment at Rocknest and lacustrine mudstones at Yellowknife Bay. On sol 324, the mission turned its focus southwest, beginning a year‐long journey to the lower reaches of Mt. Sharp, with brief stops at the Darwin and Cooperstown waypoints. The unprecedented complexity of the rover and payload systems posed challenges to science operations, as did a number of anomalies. Operational processes were revised to include additional opportunities for advance planning by the science and engineering teams.
A General and Practical Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐3‐[4‐(imidazol‐4‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzamide Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokine Inhibitors
Authors: Frutos Rogelio P. , Rodriguez Sonia , Patel Nitinchandra D. , Reeves Diana , Tampone Thomas , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA practical, safe, and efficient synthesis of anti‐inflammatory cytokine inhibitors was developed and implemented for a number of analogues. A key aspect of the process is an efficient, one‐pot, tandem copper‐catalyzed azidonation and Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition using silyl protected alkynes.
Mandibular development in Australopithecus robustus
Authors: Cofran Zachary 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAustralopithecus robustus has a distinct mandibular anatomy, with a broad and deep corpus and a tall, relatively upright ramus. How this anatomy arose through development is unknown, as gross mandibular size and shape change have not been thoroughly examined quantitatively in this species. Herein, I investigate A. robustus mandibular growth by comparing its ontogenetic series with a sample of recent humans, examining age‐related size variation in 28 linear measurements. Resampling is used to compare the amount of proportional size change occurring between tooth eruption stages in the small and fragmentary A. robustus sample, with that of a more complete human skeletal population. Ontogenetic allometry of corpus robusticity is also assessed with least squares regression. Results show that nearly all measurements experience greater average increase in A. robustus than in humans. Most notably, A. robustus corpus breadth undergoes a spurt of growth before eruption of M1, likely due in part to delayed resorption of the ramus root on the lateral corpus. Between the occlusion of M1 and M2, nearly all dimensions experience greater proportional size change in A. robustus. Nested resampling analysis affirms that this pattern of growth differences between species is biologically significant, and not a mere byproduct of the fossil sample size. Some species differences are likely a function of postcanine megadontia in A. robustus, although the causes of other differences are less clear. This study demonstrates an important role of the postnatal period for mandibular shape development in this species. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:436–446, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sex of preceding sibling and anthropometrics of subsequent offspring at birth and in young adulthood: A population‐based study in Sweden
Authors: Jelenkovic Aline , Silventoinen Karri , Tynelius Per , Helle Samuli , Rasmussen Finn 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn many mammal species with sexual dimorphism producing sons is energetically more demanding to the mother than producing daughters. Although some studies in humans have suggested that offspring born after a brother have a smaller birth weight and adult height when compared with those born after a sister, little is known about this intergenerational cost of producing sons. We aimed to study whether the sex of preceding sibling is associated with anthropometrics of the subsequent child at birth and in young adulthood. This population‐based study was carried out on two data sets derived from the Swedish registers. Information on birth weight and length was obtained for 752,723 children of both sexes. Adult weight, height and muscle strength were available for 506,326 men. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that boys and girls born after a brother were, respectively, 18 and 9 g lighter and 0.08 and 0.03 cm (P < 0.001) shorter at birth than those born after a sister. Adjustment for gestational age decreased the magnitude of the associations [10 g and 0.04 cm (P < 0.001) in men and nonsignificant estimates in women], suggesting that part of the lower mean birth weight and length of individuals born after a brother was due to a shorter gestation. In young adulthood, men with a preceding brother showed 0.16 kg more in weight, 0.3% higher body mass index (P < 0.001) and a trend towards reduced height and muscle strength. Our results suggest that even though the sex of the previous child is associated with the anthropometrics of the subsequent child, the effect sizes are very small questioning whether this mechanism has adaptive value in contemporary humans. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:471–478, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanically Driven Activation of Polyaniline into Its Conductive Form
Authors: Baytekin Bilge , Baytekin H. Tarik , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMechanical treatment of polymers produces surface cations and anions which, as demonstrated here for the first time, can drive chemical reactions. In particular, it is shown that such a mechanical treatment transforms nonconductive polyaniline into its conductive form. These results provide a mechanical means of patterning conductive polymers and also coating small polymer objects with conductive polyaniline films preventing accumulation of static electricity.
Silylative Cyclopropanation of Allyl Phosphates with Silylboronates
Authors: Shintani Ryo , Fujie Ryuhei , Takeda Momotaro , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA potassium‐bis(trimethylsilyl)amide‐mediated cyclopropanation of allyl phosphates with silylboronates has been developed. Unlike the reported copper‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions, the nucleophile selectively attacks at the β‐position of the allylic substrates under the present reaction conditions. The mechanism of this process has also been investigated, thus indicating the involvement of a silylpotassium species as the active nucleophilic component.
Expanding the application field of post‐consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) through structural modification by reactive blending
Authors: Raffa Patrizio , Coltelli Maria‐Beatrice , Castelvetro Valter 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTWith the aim of up‐grading the material properties of post‐consumer PET, making them suitable for extrusion of thermoformable thick sheets, a series of polyepoxy chain extenders have been comparatively evaluated as melt viscosity modifiers for a toughened compatibilized blend containing up to 80 wt % of bottle‐grade post‐consumer recycled poly(ethylene terephtalate) (r‐PET). Combinations of a commercial modifier with pentaerythritol were also successfully employed to cause simultaneous hyperbranching and controlled chain scission, thereby modifying the melt rheology of the material without excessively increasing the molecular weight, as highlighted by common technological melt viscosity measurements such as online torque and off‐line melt flow rate (MFR). Since the high melt fluidity of PET plays a critical role on its flame resistance, the combined effect of chain extenders and halogen‐free phosphorated additives on the fire resistance of the modified toughened blends was also investigated. Preliminary results indicate that the chemical reactions among polymer and additives must be taken into careful account to prevent unfavorable effects on the ultimate melt rheology and mechanical properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40881.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanoparticles prepared by CO2 laser supersonic atomization
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Shima Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) particles were prepared by the irradiation of PET fibers with a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser while atomizing them at supersonic velocities. A supersonic jet was generated by blowing air into a vacuum chamber through a fiber injection orifice. The fibers are melted by laser heating and atomized by the supersonic jet at the outlet of the orifice. The PET particles produced by CO2 laser supersonic atomization conducted at a laser power of 34 W and at a chamber pressure of 10 kPa have an average particle size of 0.619 μm, high circularity, and a smooth surface that is not roughened by laser ablation. The novel CO2 laser supersonic atomization technique can be used to easily prepare polymeric nanoparticles of various thermoplastic polymers using only CO2 laser irradiation without the need for solvents and additives. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40909.
A Lyapunov Based Multi‐level Controller for Semi‐active Suspension System with an MRF Damper
Authors: Tyan Feng , Tu Shun‐Hsu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this work, we study the implementation of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) to the semi‐active suspension. Owing to the nonlinear hysteretic phenomenon, the analysis and synthesis of a controller are not trivial. The kinematic energy and spring potential function of the suspension system plus an integral term of the hysteretic component of an MR damper is chosen as the Lyaupnov function to verify the stability and dissipativity of the system. Then, a multi‐level controller, which is constructed in virtue of stability analysis, turns out to be effective in vibration suppression. Through numerical examples, the controller is shown to be robust. In addition, the controller algorithm is simple and easy to implement, requiring only the measurements of relative displacement and velocity between sprung and unsprung masses, along with the damping force of the MR damper.