bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality medical management of the geriatric population using practice guidelines, physician-managed home health services, and continuous quality-improvement management strategies
Authors: Reaves Lori A , Cavalieri Thomas A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
One challenge confronting physicians in the 1990s is' the delivery of cost-effective quality healthcare to the elderly. Given current utilization, federal expenditures on Medicare and other federal healthcare programs are projected to increase to more than 6% of the gross national product by the year 2030. Physicians' practice habits will have an impact on the cost of caring for the nation's elderly. It is therefore essential for physicians to recognize their role in delivering quality geriatric care. First, they must be active and diligent in the pursuit of practice guidelines that support changes in the current standards of care. Second, physiciansshould consider alternative approaches to present practice patterns such as physician-managed home health services. Finally, physicians need to take a proactive approach to quality by supporting continuous quality improvement. The purpose of this review is to present some of the existing established practice guidelines, data to support the use of physician-managed home care as an alternative practice approach, and suggestions to incorporate the principles of continuous quality improvement to serve as one practice model that can be used by physicians to improve the quality of medical care given to America's elderly.
Specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors
Authors: Rubin Bernard R 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. Their therapeutic benefits and their side effects in the gastrointestinal tract and kidney, as well as in hemostasis, are of great importance in modem medicine. Within the past decade, new insights into how NSAIDs produce both their therapeutic benefits and their serious side effects have been discovered. It is now known that there are two forms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme that metabolize arachidonic acid into protstagladins. Drugs that specifically inhibit the COX-2 enzyme were formulated and put into clinical trials during the past 5 years. These drugs are now available to treat patients in the United States. Specific COX-2 inhibitors offer the benefit of being able to treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis with potentially little risk of serious gastrointestinal injury.
Diagnosis and treatment of severe dysplastic spondylolisthesis
Authors: Leone Louis D , Lamont David W 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Spondylolisthesis, the anterior or posterior displacement of one vertebra on another, usually affects the lumbar region. Five percent of the population has one of the five classes of spondylolisthesis, which include dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative, traumatic, and pathologic spondylolisthesis. This article focuses on the dysplastic type, which makes up 14% to 21 % of all spondylolisthesis. Dysplastic spondylolisthesis usually causes no symptoms in children; pain usually begins in adolescence.The key to diagnosis is the appropriate use of radiography in the evaluation of low back pain. This report describes a case involving a 21-year-old woman presenting with back pain to the family physician. Also, it details how the diagnosis was achieved and evaluates conservative and aggressive treatment options.
Modeling stream temperature in the Anthropocene: An earth system modeling approach
Authors: Li Hong‐Yi , Ruby Leung L. , Tesfa Teklu , Voisin Nathalie , Hejazi Mohamad , Liu Lu , Liu Ying , Rice Jennie , Wu Huan , Yang Xiaofan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new large‐scale stream temperature model has been developed within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) framework. The model is coupled with the Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport (MOSART) that represents river routing and a water management model (WM) that represents the effects of reservoir operations and water withdrawals on flow regulation. The coupled models allow the impacts of reservoir operations and withdrawals on stream temperature to be explicitly represented in a physically based and consistent way. The models have been applied to the Contiguous United States driven by observed meteorological forcing. Including water management in the models improves the agreement between the simulated and observed streamflow at a large number of stream gauge stations. It is then shown that the model is capable of reproducing stream temperature spatiotemporal variation satisfactorily by comparing against the observed data from over 320 USGS stations. Both climate and water management are found to have important influence on the spatiotemporal patterns of stream temperature. Furthermore, it is quantitatively estimated that reservoir operation could cool down stream temperature in the summer low‐flow season (August–October) by as much as 1∼2°C due to enhanced low‐flow conditions, which have important implications to aquatic ecosystems. Sensitivity of the simulated stream temperature to input data and reservoir operation rules used in the WM model motivates future directions to address some limitations in the current modeling framework.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Mortality Among Women During 36 Years of Prospective Follow‐Up: Results From the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Chang Shun‐Chiao , Liao Katherine P. , Lu Bing , Fine Alexander R. , Solomon Daniel H. , Costenbader Karen H. , Karlson Elizabeth W. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and mortality risk among women followed prospectively in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS).MethodsWe analyzed 119,209 women in the NHS who reported no connective tissue disease at enrollment in 1976. Comorbidity and lifestyle data were collected through biennial questionnaires. Incident RA cases were validated by medical records review. Cause of death was determined by death certificate and medical records review. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all‐cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and respiratory disease mortality for women with RA compared to those without RA.ResultsWe validated 964 incident RA cases and identified 28,808 deaths during 36 years of prospective follow‐up. Of 307 deaths among women with RA, 80 (26%) were from cancer, 70 (23%) were from CVD, and 44 (14%) were from respiratory causes. Women with RA had increased total mortality (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.57) compared to those without RA, independent of mortality risk factors, including smoking. RA was associated with significantly increased respiratory disease mortality (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.51–2.80) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14–1.83), but not cancer mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74–1.15). For women with seropositive RA, respiratory disease mortality was nearly 3‐fold higher than among non‐RA women (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.89–3.77).ConclusionWomen with RA had significantly increased mortality compared to those without RA. Respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease mortality were both significantly elevated for women with RA. The nearly 3‐fold increased relative risk of respiratory disease mortality was observed only for those with seropositive RA.
Role of Osteoarthritis, Comorbidity, and Pain in Determining Functional Limitations in Older Populations: European Project on Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zambon Sabina , Siviero Paola , Denkinger Michael , Limongi Federica , Victoria Castell Maria , van der Pas Suzan , Otero Ángel , Edwards Mark H. , Peter Richard , Pedersen Nancy L. , Sánchez‐Martinez Mercedes , Dennison Elaine M. , Gesmundo Antonella , Schaap Laura A. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , van Schoor Natasja M. , Maggi Stefania ,   for the Eposa Research Group
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of comorbidity and pain in the association between hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) with self‐reported as well as performance‐based functional limitations in a general elderly population.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 2,942 individuals, ages between 65 and 85 years, who participated in the European Project on Osteoarthritis, which was made up of 6 European cohorts (from Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). Outcomes included self‐reported physical function measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the participants’ performance‐based physical function was evaluated using the walking test.ResultsWhile comorbidity did not affect the significant association between hip/knee OA and physical function limitations found in the participants, pain reduced the effect of OA on self‐reported physical function, and it cancelled the effect of OA on the walking test. Obesity, anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular diseases were associated with the worst WOMAC scores. Obesity, cognitive impairment, depression, peripheral artery disease, and stroke were associated with the worst walking times.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that while comorbidity is strongly and independently associated with functional limitations, it does not affect the OA–physical function association. Hip/knee OA is associated with self‐reported impairment in physical function, which was only partially mediated by pain. Its association with physical function, as evaluated by the walking test, was instead completely mediated by pain.
Participation in Clinical Research Registries: A Focus Group Study Examining Views From Patients With Arthritis and Other Chronic Illnesses
Authors: Lee Sara B. , Zak Agnes , Iversen Maura D. , Polletta Valerie L. , Shadick Nancy A. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivePatient registries have contributed substantially to progress in clinical research in rheumatic diseases. However, not much is known about how to optimize the patient experience in such registries. We assessed patient views, motivations, and potential barriers towards participation in registry research to better understand how registries can be improved to maximize patient engagement.MethodsFocus groups were held with 23 patients (mean ± SD age 59 ± 13 years) from the Boston area and led by a bilingual moderator trained in focus group methodology, using a semistructured moderator guide. Three separate focus groups were conducted to thematic saturation: patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had registry experience, patients with any chronic illness, and Spanish‐speaking patients with RA or osteoarthritis. Patients in the latter 2 groups had no prior registry experience. Focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed. Four researchers independently analyzed transcripts using open data coding to identify themes. A normative group process was used to consolidate and refine themes.ResultsSeven major themes were identified, including personalization/convenience of data collection, trust and confidentiality, camaraderie, learning about yourself and your disease, altruism, material motivators, and capturing mental health and other elements of the lived experience. We observed distinct differences in the discussion content of the Spanish‐speaking patients compared to the English‐speaking patients.ConclusionThis study identified patient attitudes towards registry research among those with and without prior experience in a registry. The results provide insight into strategies for registry design to maximize patient engagement, which can lead to more robust registry data.
Proline‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction for the Synthesis of Naphthostyrils: Application to the Total Synthesis of Prioline
Authors: Park Kyeong‐Yong , Song Ha‐Jeong , Heo Jung‐Nyoung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of naphthostyrils is described. In this method, a sequential Stille coupling and proline‐catalyzed cyclization procedure is employed for the reaction of 4‐bromooxindoles and β‐tributylstannyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated in the first total synthesis of prioline from a simple 2‐isopropylphenol.magnified image
Helical Channel Mesoporous Materials with Embedded Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles: Chiral Recognition and Implications in Asymmetric Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Fernandes Cristina I. , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Taylor James D. , Nunes Carla D. , D. Vaz Pedro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this work a mesoporous nanocomposite material comprising helical chiral channels and with embedded magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in its Si‐based MCM‐41 type framework was synthesized. Afterwards, a bipyridine derivative was grafted to the inner surface used as ligand to coordinate a molybdenum(II) precursor complex. The Mo loading was found to be 2.42 wt% Mo, corresponding to 0.26 mmolMo g−1. The successful preparation of this helical mesoporous material was evidenced by an extensive characterization process using powder XRD, SEM/TEM analysis, FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopies, TGA analysis and also by SQUID measurements. Selective adsorption of enantiopure D‐ and L‐phenylalanine shows that the material has a preference for the D‐ over the L‐ enantiomer. This provides evidence that the channels are chiral (although the particles are not) and that it is useful for chiral recognition applications. It also sets the explanation to the good results achieved in the selective epoxidation of olefins. The resulting material was tested as catalytic precursor in the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene, styrene, R‐(+)‐limonene and trans‐hex‐2‐en‐1‐ol, using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tbhp) as oxygen source. The catalytic studies show that the synthesized material yields selectively the desired epoxides of the tested substrates with very good results, especially at higher temperatures and using toluene as solvent. The major achievement of the catalyst was an outstanding stereocontrol of the reaction products imposed by the confined space of the helical chiral channels. Therefore these materials offer an important contribution to asymmetric catalysis and to fields where chiral recognition is a relevant concept.magnified image
Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aromatic 5‐Enynamides: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Aminonaphthalenes, 2‐Amino‐1H‐indenes, and 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐indeno[2,1‐b]pyridines
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Liang Chia‐Jung , Chen Hsiao‐Feng , Weng Yu‐Ting 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIndium(III)‐catalyzed cyclization reactions of aromatic 5‐enynamides were studied. Indium triflate enabled the efficient synthesis of 2‐aminonaphthalenes and 2‐amino‐1H‐indenes from aromatic N‐methyl‐N‐tosyl‐ynamides bearing an ortho‐vinyl and ‐isobutenyl group, respectively. The aromatic N‐3‐arylpropargylynamides bearing an ortho‐gem‐dihalovinyl subunit underwent a tandem cyclization/carbobromination reaction in the presence of indium tribromide to provide the dibrominated 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indeno[2,1‐b]pyridine derivatives in good yields.magnified image
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Allylation of Phenols via Decarboxylative Allylic Etherification of Allyl Aryl Carbonates Catalyzed by (Cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) Complexes and Pyridine‐Hydrazone Ligands
Authors: Egger Léo , Tortoreto Cecilia , Achard Thierry , Monge David , Ros Abel , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: October 2015

Abstract(Cyclopentadienyl)tris(acetonitrile)ruthenium hexafluorophosphate [CpRu(CH3CN)3][PF6] in combination with pyridine‐hydrazone ligands efficiently catalyzes the asymmetric decarboxylative allylic rearrangement of allyl aryl carbonates. Formation of CO bonds with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity ratios (up to 95:5 and 98% ee) is obtained. Good stereocontrol of the pseudotetrahedral geometry of the CpRu moiety is achieved by the hydrazone ligand and its “electron‐poor” nature is evidenced through the epimerization of the hexacoordinated TRISPHAT‐N anion.magnified image
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Imidazoles and Pyridines via Samarium(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed [2+2+1] and [4+2] Annulations of Unactivated Aromatic Alkenes with Azides
Authors: Wang Yingchun , Li Jiuling , He Yan , Xie Yuyang , Wang Hengshan , Pan Yingming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSamarium(III) triflate‐catalyzed [2+2+1] and [4+2] annulations have been identified for the preparation of fully substituted imidazoles and 2,3,5‐trisubstituted pyridines from the readily available unactivated aromatic alkenes and azidomethyl aromatics. These reactions proceeded smoothly with one‐ or two‐nitrogen synthons to afford a range of two types of skeletally distinct N‐heterocycles in good yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the annulation reaction proceed via an initial samarium(III) triflate‐induced 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition followed by 1,2‐migration to form an enamine as the key intermediate. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the selectivity of 1,2‐H and 1,2‐aryl migration depends on the structure of the alkenes.magnified image
An Approach to the Efficient Syntheses of Chiral Phosphino‐ Carboxylic Acid Esters
Authors: Chew Renta Jonathan , Sepp Kristel , Li Bin‐Bin , Li Yongxin , Zhu Peng‐Cheng , Tan Nguan Soon , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe catalytic hydrophosphination reaction is one of the most sustainable chemical transformations today. Here, the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric PH addition of diarylphosphines with N‐enoylbenzotriazoles and analogues is described. Chiral phosphine products are obtained in 100% atom economy and without cumbersome protection–deprotection manipulations. The obtained products can be subsequently transformed to bear various functionalities, including phosphino‐carboxylic esters which play critical roles in catalysis and as synthetic aids. Anti‐tumour activities of the corresponding gold‐phosphine complexes have been explored, contributing to existing chemotherapeutic research in cancer treatment.magnified image
Boron Trifluoride⋅Diethyl Ether‐Catalyzed Etherification of Alcohols: A Metal‐Free Pathway to Diphenylmethyl Ethers
Authors: Li Jiaqiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Shen Hang , Liu Qing , Pan Jing , Hu Wen , Xiong Yan , Chen Changguo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel boron trifluoride⋅diethyl ether (BF3⋅OEt2)‐catalyzed etherification procedure has been developed in which primary and secondary alcohols are easily converted into diphenylmethyl ethers with yields of up to 99%.magnified image
Metallkatalysierte β‐Funktionalisierung von Michael‐Akzeptoren über reduktive Radikaladditionen
Authors: Streuff Jan , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractÜbergangsmetallkatalysierte Radikalreaktionen gewinnen in der modernen organischen Chemie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Sie bieten faszinierende und unkonventionelle Möglichkeiten zur Verknüpfung von Molekülfragmenten, die oftmals komplementär zu klassischen Methoden sind. Insbesondere reduktive Radikaladditionen an α,β‐ungesättigte Verbindungen sind aufgrund ihrer breiten Anwendbarkeit in der Synthese von besonderem Interesse. Dieser Kurzaufsatz betrachtet die auf diesem Gebiet kürzlich erzielten Fortschritte und stellt sie in kritischen Kontext zu früheren Arbeiten, die den Grundstein für die heutigen Entwicklungen gelegt haben.
Direct Observation of an Anomalous Spinel‐to‐Layered Phase Transition Mediated by Crystal Water Intercalation
Authors: Kim Sangryun , Nam Kwan Woo , Lee Soyeon , Cho Woosuk , Kim Joo‐Seong , Kim Byung Gon , Oshima Yoshifumi , Kim Ju‐Sik , Doo Seok‐Gwang , Chang Hyuk , Aurbach Doron , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe phase transition of layered manganese oxides to spinel phases is a well‐known phenomenon in rechargeable batteries and is the main origin of the capacity fading in these materials. This spontaneous phase transition is associated with the intrinsic properties of manganese, such as its size, preferred crystal positions, and reaction characteristics, and it is therefore very difficult to avoid. The introduction of crystal water by an electrochemical process enables the inverse phase transition from spinel to a layered Birnessite structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy can be used to directly visualize the rearrangement of lattice atoms, the simultaneous insertion of crystal water, the formation of a transient structure at the phase boundary, and layer‐by‐layer progression of the phase transition from the edge. This research indicates that crystal water intercalation can reverse phase transformation with thermodynamically favored directionality.
Electrocatalytic Production of C3‐C4 Compounds by Conversion of CO2 on a Chloride‐Induced Bi‐Phasic Cu2O‐Cu Catalyst
Authors: Lee Seunghwa , Kim Dahee , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElectrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) has recently received considerable attention as one of the most feasible CO2 utilization techniques. In particular, copper and copper‐derived catalysts have exhibited the ability to produce a number of organic molecules from CO2. Herein, we report a chloride (Cl)‐induced bi‐phasic cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and metallic copper (Cu) electrode (Cu2OCl) as an efficient catalyst for the formation of high‐carbon organic molecules by CO2 conversion, and identify the origin of electroselectivity toward the formation of high‐carbon organic compounds. The Cu2OCl electrocatalyst results in the preferential formation of multi‐carbon fuels, including n‐propanol and n‐butane C3–C4 compounds. We propose that the remarkable electrocatalytic conversion behavior is due to the favorable affinity between the reaction intermediates and the catalytic surface.
Beyond Dehydrocoupling: Group 2 Mediated Boron–Nitrogen Desilacoupling
Authors: Liptrot David J. , Arrowsmith Merle , Colebatch Annie L. , Hadlington Terrance J. , Hill Michael S. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Mahon Mary F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe alkaline‐earth element bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, [Ae{N(SiMe3)2}2(thf)2] [Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr], are effective precatalysts for boron–nitrogen bond formation through the desilacoupling of amines, RR′NH (R=alkyl, aryl; R′=H, alkyl, aryl), and pinBSiMe2Ph. This reactivity also yields a stoichiometric quantity of Me2PhSiH and provides the first example of a catalytic main‐group element–element coupling that is not dependent on the concurrent elimination of H2.
Synthesis and Design of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Surfactants: Direct Observation of Micelle Transitions and Microemulsion Droplets
Authors: Guan Weijiang , Zhou Wenjuan , Lu Chao , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe direct visualization of micelle transitions is a long‐standing challenge owing to the intractable aggregation‐caused quenching of light emission in the micelle solution. Herein, we report the synthesis of a surfactant with a tetraphenylethene (TPE) core and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The transition processes of surfactant micelles and the microemulsion droplets (MEDs) formed by the surfactant with a TPE core were clearly visualized by a high‐contrast fluorescence imaging method. The fluorescence intensity of the MEDs decreased as the size of MEDs increased as a result of weakening of the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR). The results of this study deepen our understanding of micelle‐transition processes and provide solid evidence in favor of the hypothesis that the AIE phenomenon has its origin in the RIR of fluorophores in the aggregate state.