bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the division of labour between templates and catalysts in spatial replicator models
Authors: Fu Yao , Takeuchi Nobuto 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology can be conceptualised as the division of labour between templates and catalysts, where templates transmit genetic information, catalysts accelerate chemical reactions, and the information flows from templates to catalysts but not from catalysts to templates. How can template-catalyst division evolve in primordial replicating systems? A previous study has shown that even if the template-catalyst division does not provide an immediate fitness benefit, it can evolve through symmetry breaking between replicating molecules when the molecules are compartmentalised into protocells. However, cellular compartmentalisation may have been absent in primordial replicating systems. Here, we investigate whether cellular compartmentalisation is necessary for the evolution of the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking using an individual-based model of replicators in a two-dimensional space. Our results show that replicators evolve the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking when their diffusion constant is sufficiently high, a condition that results in low genetic relatedness between replicators. The evolution of the template-catalyst division reduces the risk of invasion by “cheaters,” replicators that have no catalytic activities, encode no catalysts, but replicate to the detriment of local population growth. Our results suggest that the evolution of the template-catalyst division via symmetry breaking does not require cellular compartmentalization and is, instead, a general phenomenon in replicators with structured populations.
Agglomeration and the Italian North–South divide
Authors: Buzzacchi Luigi , De Marco Antonio , Pagnini Marcello 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article offers new evidence on agglomeration economies by examining the link between total factor productivity (TFP) and employment density in Italy. We investigate whether and how the TFP–density nexus contributes to explaining a relevant share of the marked productivity gap between the northern and the southern Italian regions. We estimate TFP for a large sample of manufacturing firms and then aggregate it at the level of local labour market areas. We tackle the endogeneity issues stemming from the presence of omitted covariates and reverse causation with an innovative set of diagnostic tests and an instrumental variable approach that relies on geological and historical data. Our estimate of the TFP elasticity to the spatial concentration of economic activities is about 0.045, a magnitude comparable to those measured for other developed countries. We also show that no significant heterogeneity emerges in the intensity of agglomeration economies across the country and that the positive TFP difference in favour of the firms located in the North is not due to the tougher competition taking place in those areas.
From Photography to Radiology: How Physicians Leveraged Early Hospital X-ray Machines to Supplant Photographers
Authors: Bishop Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
At the end of the nineteenth century, the advent of x-ray machines fueled American medicine’s reliance on technology, transforming hospitals and the medical profession. X-ray manufacturers pursued the nascent hospital market as competition and patent feuds accelerated x-ray machine modifications. Hospitals incorporated clunky new machines and employed x-ray photographers, but as the unruly apparatus stabilized, physicians joining the new specialty of radiology discounted the toils of machine troubleshooting and promoted their medically qualified x-ray interpretations. This article frames early medical radiography in terms of boundary work, highlighting how discourse among physicians, x-ray photographers, and hospital administrators vied to establish a privileged demarcation between radiological science and photographic craft. Ultimately, radiologists supplanted x-ray photographers by leveraging the automation of x-ray machines and capitalizing on the epistemic shift from photographic objectivity to qualified interpretations. By focusing on this overlooked aspect of x-ray incorporation into hospitals, this work provides a unique perspective on how harnessing mechanization and authoritative medical interpretations can shift professional boundaries.
Modality across different logics
Authors: Freire Alfredo Roque , Martins Manuel A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we deal with the problem of putting together modal worlds that operate in different logic systems. When evaluating a modal sentence $\Box \varphi $, we argue that it is not sufficient to inspect the truth of $\varphi $ in accessed worlds (possibly in different logics). Instead, ways of transferring more subtle semantic information between logical systems must be established. Thus, we will introduce modal structures that accommodate communication between logic systems by fixing a common lattice $L$ that contains as sublattices the semantics operating in each world. The value of a formula $\Box \varphi $ in a world with lattice $L^{\prime}$ will be defined in terms of the values of $\varphi $ in accessible worlds relativized to $L^{\prime}$ using the common order of $L$. We will investigate natural instances where formulas $\varphi $ can be said to be necessary/possible even though all the accessible world falsify $\varphi $. Further, we will discuss frames that characterize dynamic relations between logic systems: classically increasing, classically decreasing and dialectic frames. Finally, we formalize the semantics of considering worlds operating in classical logic or logic of paradox, exemplifying the kind of issue one should face in this kind of formalization.
The key universal quality of logical abductive inferences: Does optimization of eco-cognitive situatedness supersede other criteria like minimality, consistency, relevance and plausibility?
Authors: Magnani Lorenzo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Throughout my investigation into abductive cognition, which is also associated with the endeavor to naturalize logic of its special consequence relation, I stressed the relevance of the following key elements: ‘optimization of eco-cognitive situatedness’, ‘maximization of changeability’ of both input and output of the general form of an inferential abductive problem and high ‘information-sensitiveness’. These elements will be summarized and further deepened in this article. In addition, I will demonstrate how, in contrast to traditional demonstrative logical ideal systems, which are typified by what I refer to as the ‘maximization of memorylessness’, a naturalized logic of abduction demonstrates the necessity of recording the ‘past life’ of abductive inferential praxes. Lastly, I will analyze the significance and nature of the maximization of eco-cognitive openness, which characterizes abduction in science and describes how the many above-mentioned elements are relevant to the aims of new eco-cognitive epistemology.
Trends in negative interpersonal relationships at work and awareness of occupational safety and health services: a 2014-2019 trend analysis
Authors: Backhaus Insa , Dragano Nico , Di Tecco Cristina , Iavicoli Sergio , Hoven Hanno 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective: A good psychosocial climate at work, including positive interpersonal relationships, is a protective factor for health, whereas social conflict imposes a considerable health risk. Occupational safety and health (OSH) services can help create a positive working environment. In the present study, we analyzed trends in the awareness of OSH services and interpersonal relationships and whether these are linked.
Methods: We used time series data from the Italian Survey on Health and Safety at Work (INSuLa) from 2014 and 2019 (n = 16 000 employees). Negative interpersonal relationships included workplace bullying and lack of workplace support. The availability of OSH services was measured through items inquiring about the awareness of OSH representatives and OSH training. We used Poisson regression in reporting prevalence ratios and provided predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in interpersonal relationships and OSH availability.
Results: Our findings suggest that negative interpersonal relationships at work increased, whereas awareness about OSH services declined between 2014 and 2019. These trends were particularly strong for young workers, for whom workplace bullying increased by 6.3% and awareness of OSH training declined by 11.7%. We also found that unawareness about OSH services is associated with negative interpersonal relationships at work.
Conclusion: The results suggest that low OSH awareness may be an increasing problem, whereas exposure to an adverse social climate at work became more frequent at the same time. Given the role of OSH services in ensuring a positive working climate, it is important to increase workers’ awareness about OSH services.
Opening up or closing down? Non-state actors in UN cybersecurity governance
Authors: Herbst Lena , Jakobi Anja P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
How can we explain the varying participation of non-state actors in UN cybersecurity governance? While research often underlines the importance of non-state actors in governing cybersecurity, research on international non-state actors’ activities also shows that shrinking spaces reduce opportunities for these actors. So far, we do not know how these two seemingly opposing developments impact UN cybersecurity governance. In this article, we analyze how state interests, ideas on representation, and institutional context affect non-state actor participation in three UN forums for cybersecurity, namely the IGF, OEWG, and AHC. Based on qualitative data and a quantitative participation analysis, we find that institutional mandates of forums remain open to non-state actors but to varying degrees. Conflicts among states affect non-state actors strongly, but often indirectly, because their participation becomes politicized, and states increasingly contest ideas on their participation. These effects concern all groups of non-state actors. All in all, our results suggest that UN cybersecurity governance is still open to non-state actors, but despite functional arguments, their participation is facing growing resistance over time. At the same time, reasons why non-state actors choose to participate or not require more consideration.
Unintentional poisoning exposures: how does modeling the opening of child-resistant containers influence children’s behaviors?
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A , Vander Hoeven Erin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Unintentional poisoning in the home is a risk for children. Over-the-counter medicinal products in child-resistant containers (CRC) are common causes of pediatric poisoning. The current study examined children’s abilities to open three types of CRC mechanisms (twist, flip, and push) and corresponding control containers, comparing their ability to do so spontaneously and after explicit modeling. The study also examined if inhibitory control (IC) was associated with children’s overall score for spontaneous openings.

Method
Children 5–8 years old were randomly assigned to one of three mechanism conditions (between-participants factor): twist, flip, and push, with each child experiencing both a risk and a control container (within-participants factor) having that mechanism. Children were first left alone with a container (measures: engagement with container, spontaneous opening) for up to 2 min and subsequently observed an adult explicitly model opening the container before the child was asked to do so (measure: opening after modeling).

Results
Children were more engaged with and likely to spontaneously open control containers than CRCs, though some (4%–10%) also opened CRCs. After modeling, significantly more children opened each of the three types of CRCs, with nearly all children opening the push mechanism CRC. IC positively predicted children being more engaged with and spontaneously opening more containers.

Conclusions
Implications for improving pediatric poison prevention are discussed.
Interaction of PASTICCINO2 with Golgi anti-apoptotic proteins confers resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress and is dependent on very-long-chain fatty acids
Authors: Tang Xiao-Han , Zhou Yan , He Yu-Ting , Zhang Wei , Chen Xi , Tan Jing , Guo Kun , Liu Yu-Ting , Zhao Shu-Heng , Ning Yi-Qiu , Sun Yue , Li Xiao-Fang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis because it is the primary site for synthesizing secreted and transmembrane proteins and lipids. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to restore the homeostasis of the ER when it is under stress; however, the relationship between lipids and the ER stress response in plants is not well understood. Arabidopsis GOLGI ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS (GAAPs) are involved in resisting ER stress, and in this study, we found that PASTICCINO2 (PAS2), which is involved in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis, interacts with GAAPs and INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME 1. The pas2 single-mutant and the gaap1 pas2 and gaap2 pas2 double-mutants exhibited increased seedling damage and an impaired UPR response under chronic ER stress. Site mutation combined with genetic analysis revealed that the role of PAS2 in resisting ER stress depended on its VLCFA synthesis domain. VLCFA contents were increased under ER stress, and this required GAAPs. Exogenous VLCFAs partially restored the defect in the activation of the UPR caused by mutation of PAS2 or GAAP under chronic ER stress. Our findings demonstrate that the association of PAS2 with GAAPs confers plant resistance to ER stress by regulating VLCFA synthesis and the UPR. This provides a basis for further studies on the connection between lipids and cell-fate decisions under stress.
Common RBC antigens in O type Tunisian blood donors and their importance in alloimmunization
Authors: Sellami Mohamed Hichem , Aïssa Wafa , Ferchichi Hamida , Ghazouani Eya , Châabane Manel , Kâabi Houda , Hmida Slama 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The presence of some red blood cell (RBC) antigens may affect the preference for using type O blood in emergency situations because they may induce complex or multiple alloimmunization in special circumstances.

Methods
A subgroup of 77 type O blood Tunisian donors were genotyped for 19 common blood alleles using the single specific primer–polymerase chain reaction method. The statistical analysis was done using HaploView software.

Results
The study showed the dominance of the alleles RH*5, KEL*2, FY*2, and CO*1 and the absence of the homozygous state of the KEL*1 and CO*2 alleles. Furthermore, a complete linkage disequilibrium between the RH*2/RH*4 and RH*3/RH*5 loci and the FY*Null/FY*Exp and FY*A/FY*B loci was detected. Additionally, it seems that sensitization to MNS:3, FY:1, and RH:3 may constitute a potential factor for alloimmunization after transfusion with O blood type units: the probabilities of simple alloimmunizations are 24.5 per 100, 18.5 per 100, and 18 per 100, respectively. Multiple alloimmunization against RH:1;KEL:1 or RH:1;KEL:1;RH:3 phenotypes may occur, with probabilities of 7 per 1000 and 2 per 1000, respectively.

Conclusion
Some O-type RBC units may contain blood with very immunogenic phenotypes, the use of which in an emergency requires great caution because it can be a step towards subsequent alloimmunization.
The MAGPI survey: evidence against the bulge–halo conspiracy
Authors: Derkenne C , McDermid R M , Santucci G , Poci A , Thater S , Bellstedt S , Mendel J T , Foster C , Harborne K E , Lagos C D P , Wisnioski E , Croom S , Remus R- S , Valenzuela L M , van de Sande J , Sweet S M , Ziegler B 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Studies of the internal mass structure of galaxies have observed a ‘conspiracy’ between the dark matter and stellar components, with total (stars$+$dark) density profiles showing remarkable regularity and low intrinsic scatter across various samples of galaxies at different redshifts. Such homogeneity suggests the dark and stellar components must somehow compensate for each other in order to produce such regular mass structures. We test the conspiracy using a sample of 22 galaxies from the ‘Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral field spectroscopy’ Survey that targets massive galaxies at $z \sim 0.3$. We use resolved, 2D stellar kinematics with the Schwarzschild orbit-based modelling technique to recover intrinsic mass structures, shapes, and dark matter fractions. This work is the first implementation of the Schwarzschild modelling method on a sample of galaxies at a cosmologically significant redshift. We find that the variability of structure for combined mass (baryonic and dark) density profiles is greater than that of the stellar components alone. Furthermore, we find no significant correlation between enclosed dark matter fractions at the half-light radius and the stellar mass density structure. Rather, the total density profile slope, $\gamma _{\mathrm{tot}}$, strongly correlates with the dark matter fraction within the half-light radius, as $\gamma _{\mathrm{tot}} = (1.3 \pm 0.2) f_{\mathrm{DM}} - (2.44 \pm 0.04)$. Our results refute the bulge–halo conspiracy and suggest that stochastic processes dominate in the assembly of structure for massive galaxies.
Imprints of supermassive black hole evolution on the spectral and spatial anisotropy of nano-hertz stochastic gravitational-wave background
Authors: Sah Mohit Raj , Mukherjee Suvodip , Saeedzadeh Vida , Babul Arif , Tremmel Michael , Quinn Thomas R 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The formation and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) remains an open question in the field of modern cosmology. The detection of nanohertz (n-Hz) gravitational waves via pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the form of individual events and the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) offers a promising avenue for studying SMBH evolution across cosmic time, with SGWB signal being the immediately detectable signal with the currently accessible telescope sensitivities. By connecting the galaxy properties in the large scale (Gpc scale) cosmological simulation such as MICECAT with the small scale ($\sim$Mpc scale) galaxy simulations from ROMULUS, we show that different scenarios of galaxy–SMBH evolution with redshift leads to a frequency-dependent spatial anisotropy in the SGWB signal. The presence of slow evolution of the SMBHs in the Universe leads to a pronounced blue anisotropic spectrum of the SGWB. In contrast, if SMBHs grow faster in the Universe in lighter galaxies, the frequency-dependent spatial anisotropy exhibits a more flattened anisotropic spectrum. This additional aspect of the SGWB signal on top of the monopole SGWB signal, can give insight on how the SMBHs form in the high-redshift Universe and its interplay with the galaxy formation from future measurements.
Clinical features and risk factors for Baker’s cyst in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jiang Wan Lan , Xu Ting , Zhang Bi Qing , Zhang Lu , Wu Min , Xie Wen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Baker’s cyst (BC) is a complex complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a poor prognosis. This paper aimed to analyse the clinical features and risk factors for BC in patients with RA to assist clinicians in early warning and appropriate action.

Methods
The clinical features of the hospitalized RA patients with knee affected were analysed retrospectively. The R software was used for the statistical analysis, while logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent risk factors.

Results
A total of 367 RA patients with knee affected were studied, and BC was diagnosed in 15.3% of them. The BC group exhibited a higher proportion of knee-only affected than the non-BC group (P &lt; .05), while the attributes linked to disease activity exhibited no disparity. Logistic regression analyses selected two independent risk factors for BC: knee-only affected and anaemia. A total of 26.8% of patients with BC developed rupture, exhibiting a higher proportion of knee-only affected (P &lt; .05), compared to those unruptured.

Conclusions
The occurrence and rupture of BC in RA patients were significantly related to local inflammation, but not to systemic one. Incorporating local treatment may be a more advantageous option compared to solely relying on systemic therapy.
Safety of baricitinib in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis in clinical use: 3-year data of all-case postmarketing surveillance study
Authors: Okamoto Nami , Atsumi Tatsuya , Takagi Michiaki , Takahashi Nobunori , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Tamura Naoto , Nakajima Atsuo , Nakajima Ayako , Fujii Takao , Matsuno Hiroaki , Ishii Taeko , Tsujimoto Naoto , Nishikawa Atsushi , Minatoya Machiko , Tanaka Yoshiya , Kuwana Masataka 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess safety of baricitinib in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in real-world clinical practice.

Methods
This all-case postmarketing surveillance study included patients initiating baricitinib for RA from September 2017 to April 2019. Treatment duration was recorded. Safety data were collected for up to 3 years from initiation (up to 4 weeks postdiscontinuation in discontinuing patients).

Results
Safety analyses included 4720 patients; 2580 (54.7%) were ≥65 years old. Baricitinib persistence rate was 45.4% (3-year Kaplan–Meier analysis); the most common discontinuation reason was insufficient effectiveness (n = 1005, 21.3%). Serious adverse events occurred in 600 patients [incidence rate (IR) 10.42/100 patient-years (PY); 95% confidence interval, 9.76–11.09]. There were 39 deaths [IR 0.43 (0.30–0.57)/100 PY]. Adverse events of special interest IRs per 100 PY were herpes zoster 4.68 (4.22–5.14), serious infection 3.05 (2.68–3.41), malignancy 1.09 (0.87–1.30), major adverse cardiovascular events 0.35 (0.23–0.48), and venous thromboembolism 0.25 (0.15–0.36). IRs did not increase with prolonged exposure.

Conclusions
No new safety concerns were identified during this 3-year postmarketing surveillance study of baricitinib in Japanese patients with RA. Patients and clinicians should be cognizant of herpes zoster and other serious infection risks during baricitinib treatment, especially in the first 6 months.