bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional methodology for photogrammetric acquisition of the soft tissues of the face: a new clinical-instrumental protocol
Authors: Deli Roberto , Galantucci Luigi M , Laino Alberto , D’Alessio Raoul , Di Gioia Eliana , Savastano Carmela , Lavecchia Fulvio , Percoco Gianluca 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study is to define an acquisition protocol that is clear, precise, repeatable, simple, fast and that is useful for analysis of the anthropometric characteristics of the soft tissue of the face.

Methods
The analysis was carried out according to a new clinical-instrumental protocol that comprises four distinct phases: (1) setup of portable equipment in the space in which field analysis will be performed, (2) preparation of the subject and spatial positioning, (3) scanning of the subject with different facial expressions, and (4) treatment and processing of data. The protocol was tested on a sample comprising 66 female subjects (64 Caucasian, 1 Ethiopian, and 1 Brazilian) who were the finalists of an Italian national beauty contest in 2010. To illustrate the potential of the method, we report here the measurements and full analysis that were carried out on the facial model of one of the subjects who was scanned.

Results
This new protocol for the acquisition of faces is shown to be fast (phase 1, about 1 h; phase 2, about 1.5 min; phase 3, about 1.5 min; phase 4, about 15 min), simple (phases 1 to 3 requiring a short operator training period; only phase 4 requires expert operators), repeatable (with direct palpation of anatomical landmarks and marking of their positions on the face, the problem of identification of these same landmarks on the digital model is solved), reliable and precise (average precision of measurements, 0.5 to 0.6 mm over the entire surface of the face).

Conclusions
This standardization allows the mapping of the subjects to be carried out following the same conditions in a reliable and fast process for all of the subjects scanned.
The effects of staged intra-articular injection of cultured autologous mesenchymal stromal cells on the repair of damaged cartilage: a pilot study in caprine model
Authors: Nam Hui Yin , Karunanithi Puvanan , Loo Wagner Cheng Poh , Naveen Sangeetha Vasudevaraj , Chen Hui Cheng , Hussin Paisal , Chan Lucy , Kamarul Tunku 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment of chondral injuries remains a major issue despite the many advances made in cartilage repair techniques. Although it has been postulated that the use of marrow stimulation in combination with cell-based therapy may provide superior outcome, this has yet to be demonstrated. A pilot study was thus conducted to determine if bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have modulatory effects on the repair outcomes of bone marrow stimulation (BMS) techniques.

Methods
Two full-thickness chondral 5 mm diameter defects were created in tandem on the medial condyle of left stifle joints of 18 Boer caprine (N = 18). Goats were then divided equally into three groups. Simultaneously, bone marrow aspirates were taken from the iliac crests from the goats in Group 1 and were sent for BM-MSC isolation and expansion in vitro. Six weeks later, BMS surgery, which involves subchondral drilling at the defect sites, was performed. After two weeks, the knees in Group 1 were given autologous intra-articular BM-MSCs (N = 6). In Group 2, although BMS was performed there were no supplementations provided. In Group 3, no intervention was administered. The caprines were sacrificed after six months. Repairs were evaluated using macroscopic assessment through the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scoring, histologic grading by O’Driscoll score, biochemical assays for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and gene expressions for aggrecan, collagen II and Sox9.

Results
Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated hyaline-like cartilage regeneration in the transplanted sites particularly in Group 1. In contrast, tissues in Groups 2 and 3 demonstrated mainly fibrocartilage. The highest ICRS and O’Driscoll scorings was also observed in Group 1, while the lowest score was seen in Group 3. Similarly, the total GAG/total protein as well as chondrogenic gene levels were expressed in the same order, that is highest in Group 1 while the lowest in Group three. Significant differences between these 3 groups were observed (P <0.05).

Conclusions
This study suggests that supplementing intra-articular injections of BM-MSCs following BMS knee surgery provides superior cartilage repair outcomes.
Life Outcomes of Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
Authors: Jones Jana E. , Blocher Jacquelyn B. , Jackson Daren C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
At 3 time points, this study examined long-term psychosocial life outcomes of individuals who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy in comparison with individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy who were medically managed.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine seizure frequency, employment, driving, independent living, financial independence, mental health, and quality of life at each follow-up assessment, as well as predictors of outcomes.

METHODS:
All participants were diagnosed with medically intractable complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin with or without secondary generalization. A structured clinical interview was used at all 3 time points. Information was obtained regarding seizure frequency, antiepilepsy medications, employment, driving status, financial assistance, and independent living. Additionally, questions regarding quality of life, satisfaction with surgery, and the presence of depression or anxiety were included. Participants were, on average, 17 years postsurgery.

RESULTS:
Surgery resulted in significantly improved and sustained seizure outcomes. At the first, second, and third follow-ups, 67%, 72%, and 67% of participants in the surgery group remained seizure-free in the year before the follow-up interview. At each follow-up, 97%, 84%, and 84% reported that they would undergo surgery again. Seizure freedom predicted driving outcomes at all 3 time points, but was not a significant predictor for employment, independent living, or financial independence. Psychosocial life outcomes in the surgical group were improved and maintained over time in comparison with the medically managed group.

CONCLUSION:
This systematic long-term investigation provides strong support for the positive impact of anterior temporal lobectomy on psychosocial life outcomes including driving, employment, independent living, and financial independence.
Differences Between Generalized Q-Sampling Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the Preoperative Visualization of the Nerve Fiber Tracts Within Peritumoral Edema in Brain
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Wang Yong , Lu Tao , Qiu Bo , Tang Yanqing , Ou Shaowu , Tie Xinxin , Sun Chuanqi , Xu Ke , Wang Yibao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography enables the in vivo visualization of white matter tracts inside normal brain tissue, which provides the neurosurgeon important information to plan tumor resections. However, DTI is associated with restrictions in the resolution of crossing fibers in the vicinity of the tumor or in edema. We find that generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) can overcome these difficulties and is advantageous over DTI for the tractography of the fiber bundle in peritumoral edema.

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate the differences between GQI and DTI in the preoperative mapping of fiber tractography in peritumoral edema of cerebral tumors, and discuss the clinical application of GQI in neurosurgical planning.

METHODS:
Five patients with brain tumors underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scans, and the data were reconstructed by DTI and GQI. We adjusted the parameters and compared the differences between DTI and GQI in visualizing the fiber tracts in the peritumoral edema of cerebral tumors.

RESULTS:
GQI and DTI showed substantial differences in displaying the nerve fibers in the edema surrounding the tumor. The GQI tractography method could fully display existing intact fibers in the edema, whereas the fiber tracts in edema displayed by DTI tractography were incomplete, missing, or ruptured.

CONCLUSION:
GQI can visualize the tracts in the peritumoral edema of cerebral tumors better than DTI. Although GQI has many limitations, its future in the preoperative guidance of brain tumor lesions is promising.
Preparation of Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes (a-CNTs) from Vanadium Dioxide@Organic Carbon Core–Shell-structured Composites and Their Thermal Stability in Air
Authors: Zhang Yifu , Zhang Xiongzhi , Huang Chi , Meng Changgong 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A novel route was developed to synthesize amorphous carbon nanotubes (a-CNTs) from organic carbon using V2O5 and glucose solution as the starting materials. The annealing process can stabilize organic carbon shells, leading to the successful formation of a-CNTs, which is the crucial step for preparing a-CNTs. The as-obtained a-CNTs have uniform diameters with outer diameter ranging from 150 to 250 nm and inner diameter about 30 nm on average, and their length is up to several micrometers. The carbon in the as-synthesized a-CNTs is completely amorphous, and the as-prepared a-CNTs are a kind of hydrogenated a-CNTs containing both sp3- and sp2 carbons. Furthermore, the as-prepared a-CNTs have good thermal stability and oxidation resistance below 305 °C in air.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking of Axially Chiral Nicotinamide by Crystallization from the Melt
Authors: Yagishita Fumitoshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Kamataki Norifumi , Kanno Shota , Mino Takashi , Kasashima Yoshio , Sakamoto Masami 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
One of six 2-alkylamino-4,6-dimethylnicotinamides afforded a conglomerate, and subsequent X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the compound crystallized in the monoclinic system, the space group P21. Crystallization of the racemic nicotinamide from the melt led to the chiral breaking of symmetry from 83 to 92% ee. This amide exhibited considerably stable axial chirality (ΔG‡: 22.4–23.5 kcal mol−1 at 20 °C) due to rotationally restricted scaffolds for the C–C(=O) bond.
The Team Orienteering Arc Routing Problem
Authors: Archetti Claudia , Speranza M. Grazia , Corberán Ángel , Sanchis José M. , Plana Isaac 
Published: September 2013

The team orienteering arc routing problem (TOARP) is the extension to the arc routing setting of the team orienteering problem. In the TOARP, in addition to a possible set of regular customers that have to be serviced, another set of potential customers is available. Each customer is associated with an arc of a directed graph. Each potential customer has a profit that is collected when it is serviced, that is, when the associated arc is traversed. A fleet of vehicles with a given maximum traveling time is available. The profit from a customer can be collected by one vehicle at most. The objective is to identify the customers that maximize the total profit collected while satisfying the given time limit for each vehicle. In this paper we propose a formulation for this problem and study a relaxation of its associated polyhedron. We present some families of valid and facet-inducing inequalities that we use in the implementation of a branch-and-cut algorithm for the resolution of the problem. Computational experiments are run on a large set of benchmark instances.
Polyelectrolyte complex containing antimicrobial guanidine-based polymer and its adsorption on cellulose fibers
Authors: Qian Liying , Dong Chao , Liang Xiangtao , He Beihai , Xiao Huining 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Polyelectrolyte (PE) complexes (PECs) are formed by the electronic interaction between cationic and anionic PEs, and a number of factors influence the forming pattern and characteristic of the PECs. In this work, a guanidine-based polymer with high cationic charge density (CD) and low molecular weight (MW) was applied for interacting with anionic carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with low CD and high MW. To reveal the self-assembly pattern of the PEC, the turbidity of PEC and layer-by-layer (LBL) film, along with its adsorption on cellulose fibers, was characterized. The antimicrobial activity of the handsheet containing the PEC was also investigated. The charge ratio of anionic PE to cationic PE was found to be critical to the PEC stability. The roughness of the LBL film was increased and then decreased with more bilayers assembled. The isothermal adsorption indicated that the amount of adsorbed cationic PE on cellulose fibers was increased significantly by interacting with anionic CMC. The inhibition of the cationic PE on bacterial growth was not impaired by the formation of the complex. The CMC with high MW in the complex could maintain or even improve the antimicrobial efficiency of the guanidine-based polymer in handsheet.
Roasting and lipid binding provide allergenic and proteolytic stability to the peanut allergen Ara h 8
Authors: Petersen Arnd , Rennert Sandra , Kull Skadi , Becker Wolf-Meinhard , Notbohm Holger , Goldmann Torsten , Jappe Uta 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Ara h 8 is the peanut allergen homologous to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Because Bet v 1 has been shown to bind lipophilic ligands, the aim of this investigation was to determine the impact of lipid binding and roasting on the Ara h 8 structure and their influences on allergenicity. For the characterization of natural Ara h 8 (nAra h 8) from roasted and unroasted peanuts, circular dichroism spectroscopy, hydrophobic binding assay, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot with sera of peanut allergic patients were performed and compared with results from recombinant Ara h 8 (rAra h 8) and Bet v 1. rAra h 8 displayed stronger hydrophobicity than rBet v 1. Patients’ sera showed IgE reactivity with rAra h 8 and nAra h 8 from roasted peanuts, whereas fewer sera recognized nAra h 8 from unroasted peanuts. Simulated gastric digestion experiments demonstrated low proteolytic stability of rAra h 8, whereas the stability of nAra h 8 was increasingly higher in unroasted and roasted peanuts. The results demonstrate that IgE reactivity and thermal and proteolytic stability are reinforced in nAra h 8 after roasting, most likely due to Maillard reactions, lipid oxidations, and lipophilic associations. These aspects must be considered when estimating the allergenicity of Bet v 1-homologous proteins.
Branching law for finite subgroups of 𝐒𝐋3ℂ$\mathbf {SL}_3\mathbb {C}$ and McKay correspondence
Authors: Butin Frédéric , Perets Gadi S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
Given a finite subgroup

Γ

${\Gamma }$

of

𝐒𝐋
3

ℂ

$\mathbf {SL}_3\mathbb {C}$

, we determine how an arbitrary
finite dimensional irreducible representation of

𝐒𝐋
3

ℂ

$\mathbf {SL}_3\mathbb {C}$

decomposes under the action of

Γ

${\Gamma }$

. To the subgroup

Γ

${\Gamma }$

we associate a generalized McKay matrix

C
Γ

${C_\Gamma }$

. Then, generalizing a method used by B. Kostant for

𝐒𝐋
2

ℂ

$\mathbf {SL}_2\mathbb {C}$

, we decompose

C
Γ

${C_\Gamma }$

as a sum of products of reflections associated to mutually orthogonal roots: this is a sort of algebraic McKay correspondence in dimension 3.
Unipotent automorphisms of soluble groups with finite Prüfer rank
Authors: Frati Marco 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
In this paper we prove that a unipotent automorphism group H acting upon a soluble group with finite Prüfer rank is nilpotent. Furthermore, if H is finitely generated and the cardinality of a minimal set of generators is t, it is then possible to find an upper bound for the nilpotency class of H which depends only on n and t.
Impact fracture toughness and morphology of polypropylene/Mg(OH)2 composites
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao , Li Feng-Jiao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] with high flame retardant efficiency filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The impact fracture behavior of the composites was measured at room temperature. It was found that the toughening effect of the filler content on the PP resin was significant. The V-notched Izod impact strength of the PP/Mg(OH)2 composites showed a nonlinear increase with increase in filler weight fraction (ϕf), as ϕf was <15%, and then it decreased slightly; When ϕf was <15%, the V-notched Charpy impact strength of the PP/Mg(OH)2 composite also increased nonlinearly, then it decreased slightly. The impact fracture surface was observed by means of a scanning electronic microscope, to understand the toughening mechanisms for the composite systems.
Screening for AIP gene mutations in a Han Chinese pituitary adenoma cohort followed by LOH analysis
Authors: Cai Feng , Zhang Yi-Dan , Zhao Xiuli , Yang Ya-Kun , Ma Si-Hai , Dai Cong-Xin , Liu Xiao-Hai , Yao Yong , Feng Ming , Wei Jun-Ji , Xing Bing , Jiao Yong-Hui , Wei Zhen-Qing , Yin Zhen-Ming , Zhang Bo , Gu Feng , Wang Ren-Zhi 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene (AIP) is associated with pituitary adenoma (PA).AIPhas not been sequenced in East Asian PA populations, so we performed this study in a Han Chinese cohort.DesignOur study included six familial PA pedigrees comprising 16 patients and 27 unaffected relatives, as well as 216 sporadic PA (SPA) patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls.MethodsAIPsequencing was carried out on genomic DNA isolated from blood samples. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and microsatellite marker analyses on DNA from the paired tumor tissues were performed for loss of heterozygosity analysis.ResultsWe identified three common and four rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one intron insertion, one novel synonymous variant, four novel missense variants, and a reported nonsense mutation in three familial isolated PA (FIPA) cases from the same family. Large genetic deletions were not observed in the germline but were seen in the sporadic tumor DNA from three missense variant carriers. The prevalence of AIP pathogenic variants in PA patients here was low (3.88%), but was higher in somatotropinoma patients (9.30%), especially in young adults (≤30 years) and pediatric (≥18 years) paients (17.24% and 25.00% respectively). AllAIPvariant patients suffered from macroadenomas. However, theAIPmutation rate in FIPA families was low in this cohort (16.67%, 1/6 families).ConclusionAIPgene mutation may not be frequent in FIPA or SPA from the Han Chinese population.AIPsequencing and long-term follow-up investigations should be performed for young patients with large PAs and their families with PA predisposition.
Effect of Brine Composition on Wettability Alteration of Carbonate Rocks in the Presence of Polar Compounds
Authors: Jabbar Muhammad Yousuf , Al-Hashim Hasan Salman , Abdallah Wael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The impact of brine salinity and its ionic composition on oil recovery on chalk formations and to less extent in carbonate reservoirs have been investigated extensively in recent years due to the potential of extra oil recovery. Surface wettability was suggested to be the main reason behind such extra recovery. This study investigates the wettability alteration of calcite crystal and carbonates outcrop rock surface aged in model oils of total acid number of 2 and then treated with different brines. Model oils were prepared by mixing toluene with short chain (Heptanoic acid) and long chain (Stearic acid) carboxylic acids and the investigated brines included range of salinity and the effect of individual ions such as SO42−, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The results of this study showed that the long chain fatty acid (stearic acid) strongly adsorbs onto the calcite surface from the oil phase compared to the short chain (heptanoic acid) as confirmed by the measured contact angles. Twice dilution of Arabian Gulf seawater has been found to be a less effecient EOR fluid for wettability alteration as compared to undiluted Arabian Gulf seawater. This was confirmed by the changes in the measured contact angles toward more water-wet for aged calcite in heptanoic acid model oil, aged calcite in stearic acid model oil and aged carbonate in stearic acid model oil systems. Also, it was observed that significant wettability alteration was observed for the twice diluted Arabian Gulf seawater with higher concentrations of SO42− and Mg2+.
Field Evaluation of LWD Resistivity Logs in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Anguiano-Rojas Pedro , Seifert Douglas J. , Bittar Michael , Eyuboglu Sami , Tang Yumei , Donderici Burkay 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
With the recent advancement of directional drilling technology and the use of rotary steerable systems, more deviated and horizontal wells are being drilled and evaluated around the world and especially in Saudi Arabia. In these complex reservoirs, logging while drilling (LWD) wave propagation technology allows accurate geosteering and well placement. Such a technology often exhibits boundary related artifacts (horns) at formation boundaries between beds having different resistivities, particularly where the borehole penetrates formations at an angle. This makes resistivity interpretation difficult and creates a challenge for determining true formation resistivity that is essential for determining hydrocarbon saturation.
This paper presents a processing methodology for the elimination and reduction of horns and shoulder bed effects. Logs processed using this method are more accurate and easier to interpret. This new technique solves the forward and inverse problems using a simplified approach. The forward problem is solved using a fast analytical technique that generates synthetic logs. The inverse problem is solved using the forward problem solution iteratively and minimizing a cost function that measures the discrepancy between the generated synthetic logs and the field data in a Gauss-Newton fashion.
Data processing and inversion of examples from fields in Saudi Arabia are presented to illustrate the usefulness of this methodology. For the examples, the values of formation resistivity and distances to bed boundaries are obtained. These results indicate that the processing method provides a reliable technique for evaluating the true formation resistivity of LWD logs in deviated and in horizontal wells for both well placement and formation evaluation.