bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Innovative, Openable, In-Trench Rockfall Catchment Fences for Improvement of Worker Safety in Steep Slope Pipeline Construction
Authors: Hajen C. , Philip L. , Gesche J. , Burgin A. , Nichols J. , Bichler A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the implementation of an in-trench rockfall catchment system on a steep slope in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia. Using a combination of drone photogrammetry, digital geological mapping, change detection tracking, and numerical rockfall modeling, Stantec identified a rockfall hazard presenting a high risk to the workers and equipment in the trench downslope. Using numerical modeling and field observations of rockfall trajectories, the construction team sought to design a rockfall mitigation system to control the rockfall hazard while satisfying a tight construction timeline and the need for an openable, gate-like design. The solution was a series of 100 kJ rock catchment fences- each 3 m high and spanning the 5 m wide trench, secured to the granodiorite trench walls with grouted dowels. The gate-style rockfall mitigation design is, to the team's knowledge, the first of its kind to be implemented in pipeline construction. The design was successfully used throughout the approximately 6-week period of pipe installation on the slope, marking a successful solution to a unique construction challenge.

1. BACKGROUND
Coastal GasLink is a 670 km (420 mi) long pipeline which will transport natural gas from Groundbirch to Kitimat, British Columbia, across some of the most rugged alpine terrain in Canada. The approved Coastal GasLink route was determined by considering Indigenous, landowner and stakeholder input, the environment, archaeological and cultural values, land use compatibility, safety, constructability, and economics. The slope of interest for this paper is within Section 8 West of the pipeline alignment- a 13 km (8 mi) long span, fraught with geohazards, across the highest passes of the Coast Mountain Range, see Fig 1.
Further details of the Coastal GasLink are provided in Coastal GasLink (2023).
The slope designated Steep Slope 6B (SS6B) by the project team is the focus of this paper, and the site at which the gate-style rockfall catchment fence system was implemented.
SS6B is 250 m (820 ft) long and is sloped at approximately 30 degrees. It is located near the junction of two converging glacial valleys in the headwaters of the Kitimat River. At an elevation of 860 m (2820 ft), SS6B is approximately halfway between the glaciofluvial and colluvial debris in the valley bottoms and the 2000 m (6500 ft) high, glacially-eroded mountain peaks which surround both valleys.
Characterizing Rock Degradability as Basis for Slope Instability Mitigation for Open Pit Closure
Authors: Carter T. G. , Lorig L. J. , de Graaf P. J. H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Worldwide, degradable, poor quality rock units frequently exist within the final perimeter walls of large open pits, sometimes en-masse and sometimes intercalated within otherwise competent rocktypes. Almost irrespective of location and origin, degradable zones pose a longevity instability problem and need to be dealt with as part of open pit mine closure planning, as with time and duration of exposure, major reductions in rock competence occur. This paper firstly outlines methods for assessing and characterizing degradable rock units as basis for quantitatively describing appropriate time-dependent geomechanical property change. It then discusses analytical and numerical evaluation approaches for assessing impact of progressive failure effects driven by degradability impact on pit wall stability. Conclusions relating to mitigation of degradation-induced instability effects are then discussed in a pit closure setting.

1. INTRODUCTION
Worldwide, degradable poor quality rock units frequently exist within the final perimeter walls of large open pits. These frequently pose a long-term stability risk that needs to be addressed for closure. Often, the most such degradable rock units are present as alteration halos around the mined orebody. Other times they are present as distinct stratigraphic units within the country rock that the mined ore zone cuts through. In tropical and subtropical areas of the world, often deep saprolitic weathered zones exist that are highly degradable. Even in otherwise competent rocktypes, where little regolith exists due to glaciation, penetrative weathering may extend to great depth along faults and other major structural features, creating a degradable zone that needs to be dealt with in a pit wall. Sometimes palæoweathering zones exist, most notably along major unconformity contacts. Thick sequences of variably indurated Quaternary transported materials may also be exposed in pit slopes. In all these situations, susceptible rock units that will degrade with exposure may remain in final pit walls, thus potentially affecting closure slope stability.
For some of the most susceptible rocktypes, such as that shown in Figure 1, significant strength weakening can occur in a matter of hours to days, as degradation is rapid; while, for other rock types the processes are much slower. In fact, in the most competent rocktypes, degradation may be so slow that physical rock breakdown may not become evident for centuries. In an open pit context, post closure, ongoing degradation of susceptible rocktypes, potentially can lead to subsequent instabilities. Predicting future stability influence is not straightforward, as assessing potential degradation rates and strength loss over long time scales is a significant challenge.
Towards Mine Closure: Assessing the Long-Term Stability of Open Pit Mine Slopes
Authors: Eberhardt Erik 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
The long-term stability of engineered slopes is becoming a critical focus point as the number of open pit mines anticipated to close in the coming years is increasing, and governments, regulators, and society are collectively placing more emphasis on sustainable management of mineral resources and land use (IISD, 2021). However, there are currently few guidelines on assessing long-term slope stability. Of central importance is the recognition that rock mass properties are not constants, and therefore, open pit slopes that are presently stable may not remain so in the future. Conventional engineering analyses generally assume the strength of a rock mass to be constant and, in doing so, fail to explain the temporal nature of rock slope behavior seen in monitoring data. Data shows that pit slope movements are intermittent, correlating with benching and seasonal precipitation patterns. These initiate episodic damaging events that, in the closure context, control strength degradation and impact long-term slope performance through progressive failure (Eberhardt et al. 2004).
This talk will summarize the author's research over the last 20 years into progressive failure, its advancement of our mechanistic understanding of deep-seated rock slope failure, and recent results and guidance in applying it to open pit slope stability assessments and mitigation efforts to aid mine closure designs. Empirical data will be presented to show the evidence for progressive failure, with a focus placed on transient pore pressures driven by seasonal precipitation. Upon closure, changes to the slope geometry (i.e., benching) cease, but seasonal precipitation continues. Progressive failure posits that transient pore pressures in response to infiltration or groundwater recharge act to locally decrease effective stresses, promoting slip along non-persistent discontinuities, which in turn may cause the slip of adjacent fractures and/or the failure of intact rock bridges. Such repeated fluctuations in pore pressures and effective stresses thus are a key driver of progressive failure and can be equated to fatigue, where the rock slope experiences a slow weakening through repeated load cycles.
Results from mine closure analyses will be presented, demonstrating how slope displacement monitoring and modeled groundwater fluctuations can be used to calibrate numerical models and establish the degree of criticality present in a slope. The modeling of seasonal variations further enables reference to be made to time in calculations that are otherwise limited to stress-strain behavior. This provides a means to assess displacement rate thresholds at which behavior change may occur for a given failure mode, which can be used to establish and constrain early warning alarm thresholds and trigger action response plans (TARPs). Examples will also be provided incorporating allowances for the development of a pit lake post-closure and for long-term stability improvement through engineered buttress designs.
Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI
Authors: Newman Sharon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Class VI regulations under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), specifically for the injection of carbon dioxide into deep subsurface formations for the purpose of geologic sequestration. The Class VI regulations are built upon the long-standing protective framework of the UIC Program to prevent the endangerment of underground sources of drinking water, with requirements that are tailored to address issues unique to carbon dioxide injection. These include requirements that address the large injection volumes anticipated at geologic sequestration projects, higher reservoir pressures relative to other injection formations, and the behavior of the injected carbon dioxide (e.g., its relative buoyancy, mobility within subsurface geologic formations, and corrosivity in the presence of water). The regulations establish technical requirements for geologic site characterization, area of review, corrective action on artificial penetrations, well construction, testing and monitoring, reporting, well plugging, post-injection site care, site closure, and financial responsibility.
Time for a Change? the Role of Rockmass Characterization and Discrete Fracture Networks on the Assessment of Caving Rockmasses
Authors: Carvalho Jose L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
With the trend for block and panel caving projects being in typically deeper, stronger and more heterogenous rock mass conditions, the need for better rock mass characterization has never been greater so that a reliable design can be developed. However, with many of the worldwide caving operations been carried out in more massive rock masses with relatively few joints being present, there is a requirement to improve rock mass characterization which has historically been focused on joints which are not often present in porphyry deposits at depth, the typical caving host rock masses. Failure to step outside historic characterization approaches has resulted in mis-characterized resources and a significant difference between forecasted and actual caving performance.
Increasingly improvements in rock mass characterization methods have benefited from more detailed investigations of veining, their role in rock failure mechanisms, and their integration within Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models. DFN modelling allows for a more statistical approach to rock fabric description by explicitly building 3D synthetic rock mass descriptions for improved visualization and analysis.
The objective of rock mass characterization is to be able to accurately define the nature of the rock mass being excavated in terms of whether it is massive, moderately jointed/veined or highly blocky. This understanding is the basis for better analysis with both empirical design methods and advanced numerical modelling. Collectively, the assessments based on a more robust, statistically significant geomechanical representation of these rock masses provides for improved forecasts of extraction level stability, production ramp-up rates, hangup management requirements need for preconditioning, and ground support.
Fiber Optic Monitoring in Mines
Authors: Wang Herb , Fratta Dante 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Fiber-optic cable can be deployed in underground mines over kilometers in distance. The sensing interrogator and data acquisition can be operated remotely using lead-in fiber. Fiber-optic sensors can be either discrete or distributed. Fiber-Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were grouted into the walls and roof of a small alcove at a depth of 4100 ft (1250 m) to measure deformation while jacking the roof (Gage et al., 2014). The modulus as a function of depth showed the profile of the Excavation Damage Zone (EDZ). Although FBGs can be embedded into long runs of optical fiber to create a quasi-distributed fiber-optic sensor, Brillouin and Rayleigh optical scattering can turn optical fiber itself into Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) arrays, respectively. DAS has the greatest potential for mine monitoring. A 250- meter-long DAS array in the Lafarge-Conco mine in northern Illinois demonstrated the potential for using seismic tomography for monitoring velocity changes in pillars of a limestone mine (Zeng et al., 2022). At SURF we deployed 3050 meters of cable along the mine's ramp system between depths of 4100-ft (1250 m) and 4850-ft (1478 m). The total fiber path of 5440 meters included internet fiber to connect the DAS interrogator on the 4100-ft level to the cable on the ramp. Data were collected over a two-week period in May 2022 and the month of February 2023. We recorded numerous excavation blasts and mine activities, including cage movement, air doors opening and closing, and foot traffic, as well as regional and teleseismic earthquakes (Cunningham et al., 2023; Fratta et al., 2023). The DAS array distinguished the details of blast timing pattern, amplitude and duration. The importance of cable coupling to the mine floor was studied by comparing recordings on a 230-meter section of cable that was loosely coupled on the surface in 2022 but grouted into a groove a few centimeters deep in 2023.
Scalable Civil Infrastructure Monitoring Through Non-Dedicated Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Liu Jingxiao , Yuan Siyuan , Biondi Biondo , Noh Hae Young 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
Climate change significantly threatens the integrity of civil infrastructure assets like bridges, railways, and roadways. We've seen an 83% increase in climate-related disasters, rising from 3,656 events between 1980 and 1999 to 6,681 in the past two decades. This surge places immense pressure on our extensive inventory of aging infrastructure, posing significant challenges to the economy and public safety. Effective monitoring of various infrastructure assets, including their structural health and surrounding urban environments, is an important step toward making our city safer, enhancing its resilience, and preparing for future climates. Currently, dedicated sensors such as cameras and vibration sensors have been deployed directly on infrastructure for monitoring. Nevertheless, these dedicated sensors require on-site installation and maintenance, which is inefficient and costly for large-scale infrastructure monitoring.
To address these challenges, we introduce a scalable civil infrastructure monitoring system that repurposes the existing network of telecommunication fiber-optic cables as distributed acoustic sensors. This approach to civil infrastructure monitoring is not only cost-effective but also highly scalable, as it avoids the costs and logistical demands of conventional sensor deployments. Utilizing these non-dedicated sensors, we effectively evaluated the structural health conditions of bridges and performed subsurface imaging.
Tunnel Design and Construction in Ohio Shale Formation
Authors: Park Chi , Rogoff Gregory , Murray Brad 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
The Doan Valley Tunnel Storage (DVT) Project is part of the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District's (NEORSD) Combined Sewer Overflow Long Term Control Plan (CSO-LTCP). The project involves the construction of a storage tunnel and conveyance tunnel system that will reduce the number of overflows from CSO outfalls that flow to Lake Erie. The Project includes the construction of three tunnel systems: Doan Valley Storage Tunnel (DVT), Martin Luther King Conveyance Tunnel (MLKCT), and the Woodhill Conveyance Tunnel (WCT). These systems include the construction of approximately 19,300 linear feet (LF) of tunnel in rock, seven shafts, two adits, and near surface diversion structures, consolidation sewers, an emergency overflow, overflow structures, gate control vaults, and vents. Flows within the Project system are driven by gravity. This presentation summarizes the design approaches and construction challenges that were encountered to mitigate risks during design and construction stages.
Effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in Nigeria
Authors: Agunobi C. C. , Efionayi O. P. , Akutson Seth 
Published: August 2024

The study examined the effect of macroeconomic variables on stock market performance in Nigeria. The proxies for the independent variable (macroeconomic variables) were broad money supply, all-share index, financial deepening and interest rate. On the other hand, the proxy for the dependent variable (stock market performance) was total market capitalisation. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The source of data was time series secondary data collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin from 1990 - 2022. The study has thirty – two (33) observations. The method of data analysis employed in this study includes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis and unit root test. Auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) technique was used to evaluate the relationship between macroeconomic variables on stock market performance. The findings of the study revealed that the lag broad money supply has significant effect on total market capitalization of the stock market. Also, all share index has significant effect on total market capitalization of the stock market. Furthermore, the lagged financial deepening has significant effect on total market capitalization of the stock market; and interest rate has not significant effect on total market capitalization of the stock market. The study recommended that policymakers should closely monitor and manage fluctuations in the money supply to ensure stability and growth in the Nigerian Exchange. Diversification strategies across sectors can help mitigate risks and capitalize on opportunities presented by fluctuations in the Nigerian Exchange. Also, policymakers and financial institutions should prioritize initiatives aimed at deepening the financial sector. Policymakers should carefully consider the potential implications of interest rate changes on investor confidence and market liquidity.
PENGARUH TINGKAT BONUS SBIS, TINGKAT INFLASI, BI RATE TERHADAP PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA
Authors: Masita Bareut  
Published: August 2024

Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Inflasi, SBIS dan BI Rate terhadap pembiayaan Murabahah baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah sekunder yang berupa data inflasi, data SBIS dan BI-Rate yang diunduh dari situs Bank Indonesia. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Regresi Logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial bahwa SBIS berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembiayaan murabahah. Inflasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pembiayaan Murabahah.Bi-rate berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembiayaan Murabahah. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukkan bahwa nilai Adjusted R Square = 27,1%. hal ini berarti kemampuan variabel-variabel independen yang terdiri dari variabel SBIS,Inflasi, Bi-rate dalam menjelaskan variabel dependen yaitu pembiayaan Murabahah periode 2019-2023 sebesar 27,1% sisanya 72,90% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain di luar model yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.pengaruh secara simultan Hasil dari uji Nilai Nogelkere R Square atau uji Koefisien Determinasi maka dapat disimpulkan bawah pengaruh simultan variabel indenpenden terhadap variabel dependen adalah sebesar 27,1%. dan sisanya 72,90% dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN BUMN NON BANK YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2022
Authors: Kiki Mardiana Aked  , Fauziyah Lamaya  
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh signifikan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan BUMN Non Bank Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018-2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh Perusahaan BUMN Non Bank dengan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan terdapat 5 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria. Data yang dipergunakan pada penelitian adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan dan laporan keberlanjutan periode tahun 2018-2022. Metode analisis yang digunakan penelitian ini yaitu analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 26.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penelitian ini memiliki pengaruh yang searah dengan tingkat signifikansi pada kolom Sig yakni sebesar 0,002 < 0,05, yang artinya variabel Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) berpengaruh signifikan (nyata) dengan Nilai koefisien determinasi adalah sebesar 35,5%, kemudian sisanya sebesar dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model ini. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) bukan hanya tanggung jawab sosial tetapi juga strategi bisnis yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Ivan Fanani Qomusuddin  , Ubun Bunyamin  
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja Guru, pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja Guru, dan pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kompetensi guru secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja Guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi adalah seluruh guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri Gugus 1 Kecamatan Rancakalong Sumedang sebanyak 102 guru. Sampel yang diambil secara cluster random sampling sebanyak 82 guru. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan angket. Analisis hasil penelitian menggunakan statistik deskriptif, korelasi dan regresi sederhana dan berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS Windows Version 20. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa pertama, ada pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di Gugus 1 SDN se-Kecamatan Rancakalong Sumedang. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah (X1) terhadap kinerja guru (Y) sebesar 18,2% sisanya sebesar 81,8% ditentukan variabel yang lain. Kedua ada pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru di Gugus 1 SDN se-Kecamatan Rancakalong Sumedang. Besarnya pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru sebesar 19,4% sisanya sebesar 80,6% ditentukan variabel yang lain . Dan ketiga, ada pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru secara bersama-sama sebesar 22,3%, hal ini berarti bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kompetensi guru secara bersama-sama dapat mempengaruhi kinerja guru Gugus 1 SDN se- Kecamatan Rancakalong Sumedang sebesar 22,3% dan sisanya sebesar 77,7% ditentukan variabel yang lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.