bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic piezoelectric MEMS-based acoustic attenuators
Authors: Dahl-Hansen Runar , Kvaløy Olav , Trones Tom , Dullo Firehun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Noise-induced hearing loss is the most prevalent global occupational disease but can be prevented by using Hearing Protection Devices. Acoustic vents are crucial in the design of hearing protection devices, earphones, and hearing aids, serving to balance effective sound attenuation with natural sound perception and user comfort. A hybrid acousto-mechanical vent is presented here, facilitating controlled acoustic impedance using a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based thin film piezoelectric micromechanical system. A combination of mechanical stress-compensation and novel design techniques are used to achieve a distortion-free acoustic throughput with an impedance-range from 3.6 to 500 [MΩ]. At 30 [V] bias, the maximum power consumption is below 400 [nW]. It is shown that the system response can be well simulated using Lumped Parameter Modelling, accurately reflecting the measured dynamic attenuation range of close to 140. This highly reliable system, assessed using accelerated lifetime measurements, offers possibilities for developing smaller, lighter, and more energy-efficient hearing protection devices.
Local Drug Delivery using Novel Hydrogel Achieves 10 mm of Drug Penetration in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Barker Elizabeth , Cooper-King Lauren , Bailey Katherine , Patel Jenny , Sebelik Merry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study entails the evaluation of drug distribution from a novel polysaccharide hydrogel drug delivery system in the tumor microenvironment in a preclinical brain tumor model. A model compound, AD 198, was chosen to test the gel because of its autofluorescence properties. The drug loaded polysaccharide hydrogel was injected intratumorally and delivered compound directly to the target tissue over a sustained period time. Drug effects were imaged in real time in vivo using ultrasound and ex vivo fluorescence was used to correlate tissue effects visualized in the ultrasound images with the distribution of drug in the tissue. Within three weeks of treatment AD 198 was able to distribute up to 10 mm from the implant site and could be detected in the tumor microenvironment from margin to margin.
Divergent impacts of ocean tipping and global warming on habitability
Authors: Abrams Jesse , Xu Chi , Boulton Chris , Scheffer Marten , Ritchie Paul , Williamson Mark , Ghadiali Ashish , Jackson Laura , Mecking Jennifer , Lenton Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) poses substantial climate risks 1, yet some current economic models estimate it would have a net economic benefit through counteracting the impacts of global warming that led to its collapse in the first place 2–4. This is based on eventual net effects on country-level mean annual temperature 5,6, with no consideration of effects on precipitation, spatial detail, or shifting directions of climate change. Here, we explore the impacts of consecutive climate shifts on the human climate niche 7,8 – first 2.5°C global warming, disproportionately affecting the Global South, and then a collapse of the AMOC, impacting North Atlantic adjacent landmasses the most. We show that these sequential changes have very different spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature effects, some of which offset each other, while others are compounding. This represents a first step towards a more nuanced, spatially and temporally explicit approach to the quantification of the impacts of tipping a critical component of the climate system.
Colloidal copper nanospheres boost propanol electrosynthesis from CO
Authors: Wang Min , Loiudice Anna , Alé Enric Ibáñez , Kumar Krishna , Stoian Dragos , Lian Zan , Albertini Petru , Zaza Ludovic , Leemans Jari , López Núria , Buonsanti Raffaella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Achieving a carbon neutral manufacturing of chemicals is imperative to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable future. Propanol electrosynthesis from CO electroreduction represents a promising alternative to the current manufacturing of this chemical. Yet, the catalyst features driving propanol formation are poorly understood, which limits further advancement in the performance. Herein, we report on a comprehensive mapping of the sensitivity of the CO electroreduction to the catalyst structure exploiting well-defined copper nanocrystals (NCs) with tunable shape and size synthesized via colloidal chemistry. In addition to clarify the dependence from the exposed surfaces, we discover that spheres uniquely promote n-propanol selectivity, which we explain mostly with strain effects. Driven by this novel insight, we achieve unprecedent n-propanol production via electrosynthesis with a copper catalyst. We demonstrate that colloidal copper nanospheres with a diameter of 4 nm deliver n-propanol faradaic efficiency of 39.6±1.4% at 119±4.2 mA/cm2 production rate, the latter being ten times the current state of the art for copper catalysts.
A Novel Approach to Predicting Liquefaction-Induced Settlements Using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs)
Authors: Karakaş Seyidcem 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the applicability and effectiveness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) in predicting settlements due to soil liquefaction, a critical issue in geotechnical engineering. Soil liquefaction, resulting from increased pore water pressure, diminishes soil bearing capacity and can lead to significant structural damage. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset derived from field and laboratory studies, the data was divided into training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) sets and processed as torch tensors for the KAN model. The model, consisting of three layers with grid and k parameters set to 3 and 11, respectively, was trained using the LBFGS optimizer and MSE Loss function over 125 steps. The KAN model demonstrated superior performance with an R² value of 0.935 and an MAE of 0.14 on the training set, and an R² of 0.908 and an MAE of 0.176 on the test set. Comparative analysis with other studies showed that KAN outperformed traditional neural network models. Feature importance analysis revealed “unit_weight” as the most significant feature, aligning with previous studies. These results underscore the potential of KAN in enhancing predictive accuracy and reliability in geotechnical applications, paving the way for its broader acceptance and implementation in real-world scenarios.
Rapid charging of graphite negative electrode by acetonitrile localized high-concentration electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Fan , cao yang , Lv Lulu , Feng Yuanyuan , Li Jiachen , Yu Haotian , Wang Tao , Xu Mengyao , Zhao Bin , Han Xiaogang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lithium ion batteries using traditional carbonate electrolytes do not show excellent fast charging performance, while acetonitrile (AN) exhibits excellent reduction stability and fast charging ability in high concentration electrolytes (HCEs) system. In this paper, a localized high-concentration eletrolyte (LHCE) was formed by using AN as solvent, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) as lithium salt and fluorine-containing solvent (1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl-2, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE)) as diluent, and applied to graphite anode to explore its fast charging ability. The solvation structure of electrolyte was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, and the appearance of graphite anode was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the same time, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of the electrolyte. Based on the excellent electrochemical stability and multiplication of the localized high-concentration eletrolyte (LHCE) , the graphite/Li half battery can reach a high capacity of 388 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and still reach 205 mAh g-1 at a high magnification of 5 C , what’s more the capacity retention rate is about 90% after 100 cycles at 5C. This study provides a high reference value for the design of localized high-concentration eletrolyte（LHCE） system with high concentration effect of acetonitrile group on graphite electrode.
Functional role of fatty acid synthase for signal transduction in Core binding factor-AML with activating c-Kit mutation
Authors: Zhuang Ruimeng , Siebels Bente , Hoffer Konstantin , Worthmann Anna , Horn Stefan , Bubnoff Nikolas , Khandanpour Cyrus , Gebauer Niklas , Gorantla Sivahari Prasad , Voss Hanna , Schlüter Hartmut , Kriegs Malte , Fiedler Walter , Bokemeyer Carsten , Jücker Manfred , Kebenko Maxim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
AML is a rare hematological malignancy still associated with poor prognosis. 5% of de novo AML and 30% of core binding factor (CBF) AML (translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) or invasion (16)(p13;q22)), respectively, harbor activating c-Kit (CD117) mutations leading to an adverse clinical outcome. Posttranslational protein modifications, especially by myristolic and palmitic acid, are known to be important for diverse cell functions such as membrane organization, transduction signaling or regulation of apoptosis. However, most data come from solid tumor studies while its role in AML is still poorly understood. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the key palmitoyl-acyltransferases which controls subcellular localization, trafficking and degradation of various target proteins. H-Ras, N-Ras or FLT3-ITDmut receptors are known to be important target proteins for FASN in AML.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the role of FASN in two c-Kit-N822K mutated AML cell lines. Using FASN knockdown via shRNA and the FASN inhibitor TVB-3166. Functional implications including cell viability and proliferation were tracked in a combined approach integrating western blotting, mass spectrometry PamGene.
Results
In FASN-knockdown cells, we observed an increase in phosphorylation of c-Kit (p-c-Kit), Lyn kinase (pLyn) as well as of S6 kinase (pS6). Moreover, a downregulation of cathepsin Z (CTSZ), which belongs to endo-lysosomal proteases and is hence essential for degradation of cellular proteins within lysosomes was found.
Conclusion
Recent studies have suggested potential roles for palmitoylation in lysosomal function indirectly through its effects on proteins involved in lysosomal trafficking, membrane fusion, and signaling pathways. Therefore, our observation of the reduced expression of CTSZ due to the inhibition of FASN offers an explanation for the increased c-Kit, Lyn, and S6 kinase activity in CBF-AML with activating c-Kit mutation.
Dynamic functional connectivity and gene expression correlates in temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from hidden markov models
Authors: Qin Lu , Zhou Qin , Sun Yuting , Pang Xiaomin , Chen Zirong , zheng jinou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Backgroud
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with abnormal dynamic functional connectivity patterns, but the dynamic changes in brain activity at each time point remain unclear, as does the potential molecular mechanisms associated with the dynamic temporal characteristics of TLE.
Methods
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was acquired for 84 TLE patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The data was then used to conduct HMM analysis on rs-fMRI data from TLE patients and an HC group in order to explore the intricate temporal dynamics of brain activity in TLE patients with cognitive impairment (TLE-CI). Additionally, we aim to examine the gene expression profiles associated with the dynamic modular characteristics in TLE patients using the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) database.
Results
Five HMM states were identified in this study. Compared with HCs, TLE and TLE-CI patients exhibited distinct changes in dynamics, including fractional occupancy, lifetimes, mean dwell time and switch rate. Furthermore, transition probability across HMM states were significantly different between TLE and TLE-CI patients (p < 0.05). The temporal reconfiguration of states in TLE and TLE-CI patients was associated with several brain networks (including the high-order default mode network (DMN), subcortical network (SCN), and cerebellum network (CN). Furthermore, a total of 1580 genes were revealed to be significantly associated with dynamic brain states of TLE, mainly enriched in neuronal signaling and synaptic function.
Conclusions
This study provides new insights into characterizing dynamic neural activity in TLE. The brain network dynamics defined by HMM analysis may deepen our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of TLE and TLE-CI, indicating a linkage between neural configuration and gene expression in TLE.
Subversion of kindlin-3 function in PTEN null T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tan Suet-Mien , Lee Bernard , Teo Seok-Yee , Li Yinghui , Bhattacharjya Surajit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Kindlin-3 is an adapter protein that promotes cell adhesion and migration. Kindlin-3 binds phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), which is a lipid product of PI3K that drives AKT signaling. The tumor suppressor PTEN phosphatase metabolizes and limits the level of PIP3. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of blood cancer that is highly aggressive. In pediatric T-ALL, PTEN-loss-of-function is a frequent occurrence that leads to dysregulated PIP3 turnover and aberrant AKT activation and signaling. Here we show for the first time that the function of kindlin-3 is subverted to promote Ras-B-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling in PTEN null T-ALL cells that does not require the binding of kindlin-3 to integrins. Mechanistically, we uncovered a novel preformed complex comprising kindlin-3, the scaffold protein RACK1 and MEK that is recruited to the PIP3-enriched plasma membrane via the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of kindlin-3. This contributes to the assembly of B-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling components downstream of activated Ras. Consequently, the loss of kindlin-3 reduces ERK1/2 activation that dampens DNA damage response, leading to mitotic delay affecting cell proliferation. Taken together, our data show a central role of kindlin-3 in PTEN-null T-ALL progression.
Choroid Plexus Free-Water Correlates with Glymphatic function in Alzheimer Disease: The RJNB-D Study
Authors: Li Binyin , Xu Xiaomeng , Yang Xinyuan , Zhang Junfang , Wang Yan , Selim Magdy , Zheng Yingting , Shen Ruinan , Huang Qi , Wang Wenjing , Xu Wei , Guan Yihui , Liu Jun , Deng Yulei , Xie Fang Fang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The free water imaging of choroid plexus (CP) may improve the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study investigated the role of free water fraction (FWf) of CP in AD by including 216 participants (133 Aβ + participants and 83 Aβ- controls) continuously enrolled in the NeuroBank-Dementia cohort at Ruijin Hospital (RJNB-D). At baseline, Aβ + participants showed higher CP free water fraction (FWf), increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, and decreased diffusion tensor image analysis of the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS). In Aβ + participants, DTI-ALPS mediated the association between CP FWf and periventricular WMH. CP FWf was associated with cortical Tau accumulation, synaptic loss, hippocampal and cortical atrophy, and cognitive performance. During follow-up, CP FWf increased faster in Aβ + participants than in controls. The findings suggest that elevated CP FWf may indicate impaired glymphatic function and AD neurodegeneration, potentially serving as a valuable biomarker for AD evaluation and progression.
Evaluating urine volume and host depletion methods to enable genome-resolved metagenomics of the urobiome
Authors: Lewis Zachary J. , Scott Angela , Madden Christopher , Vik Dean , Zayed Ahmed A. , Smith Garrett J. , Justice Sheryl S. , Rudinsky Adam , Hokamp Jessica , Hale Vanessa L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The gut microbiome has emerged as a clear player in health and disease, in part by mediating host response to environment and lifestyle. The urobiome (microbiota of the urinary tract) likely functions similarly. However, efforts to characterize the urobiome and assess its functional potential have been limited due to technical challenges including low microbial biomass and high host cell shedding in urine. Here, to begin addressing these challenges, we evaluate urine sample volume (100 ml – 5 mL), and host DNA depletion methods and their effects on urobiome profiles in healthy dogs, which are a robust large animal model for the human urobiome. We collected urine from seven dogs and fractionated samples into aliquots. One set of samples was spiked with host (canine) cells to model a biologically relevant host cell burden in urine. Samples then underwent DNA extraction followed by 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We then assembled metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and compared microbial composition and diversity across groups. We tested six methods of DNA extraction: QIAamp BiOstic Bacteremia (no host depletion), QIAamp DNA Microbiome, Molzym MolYsis, NEBNext Microbiome DNA Enrichment, Zymo HostZERO, and Propidium Monoazide.
Results: In relation to urine sample volume, ³ 3.0 mL resulted in the most consistent urobiome profiling. In relation to host depletion, individual (dog) but not extraction method drove overall differences in microbial composition. DNA Microbiome yielded the greatest microbial diversity in 16S rRNA sequencing data and shotgun metagenomic sequencing data, and maximized MAG recovery while effectively depleting host DNA in host-spiked urine samples. As proof-of-principle, we then mined MAGs for core metabolic functions and environmental chemical metabolism. We identified long chain alkane utilization in two of the urine MAGs. Long chain alkanes are common pollutants that result from industrial combustion processes and end up in urine.
Conclusions: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate environmental chemical degradation potential in urine microbes through genome-resolved metagenomics. These findings provide guidelines for studying the urobiome in relation to sample volume and host depletion, and lay the foundation for future evaluation of urobiome function in relation to health and disease.
A New Dynamic Model of Supply Boundary at Low Pressure in Tight Gas Reservoir
Authors: Li Jinbu , Liu Lili , Zhu Yuan , Zhao Lian , Chai Xiaolong , Tian Leng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

It is a clean, low-carbon energy source for tight gas that has gained popularity in the energy sector for its ability to significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, low formation pressure, low gas well production, and high water saturation are features of tight gas reservoirs that have been developed and produced over an extended period of time. In order to improve the assessment of the supply boundary and production capacity features of tight gas wells at low pressure, a new coupling model of gas-water two-phase was established in this paper and the threshold pressure gradient, stress sensitivity and slip effect are taken into account the built model. Subsequently, the steady-state substitution method and the material balance method were used to develop the supply boundary calculation model. Finally, an analysis is done on how the supply boundary is affected by the threshold pressure gradient production, stress sensitivity and production pressure difference. The results demonstrate that, in contrast to the slower propagation observed in the matrix zone, the supply boundary propagates relatively quickly within the fracture modification zone. The threshold pressure gradient and stress-sensitive increase the resistance of gas seepage and delay the propagation of the supply boundary, which reduces the production of gas well. The propagation of the supply boundary accelerates with increasing production pressure difference, but the pressure difference's effect decreases. The production of gas is significantly impacted by the threshold pressure gradient, stress sensitivity and production pressure difference. Efficient production of tight gas reservoirs necessitates minimizing water production and preserving formation pressure.
Growth and Polyphenol Content of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.Dunal) under Combined Moisture Stress and Salicylic Acid Treatment
Authors: Jayathilaka M. S. , Subasinghe Siripala , Rajawatta KMW , Karunarathna K. H.T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ashwagandha is a medicinal herb that has very high demand in the global market. Root is the main part harvested from this plant because of its rejuvenating properties. This study investigates the effects of moisture stress and salicylic acid on the growth yield and polyphenol content of Ashwagandha. A polyhouse experiment was conducted where Ashwagandha plants were grown under four levels of soil moisture that included 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of field capacity (FC) and four Salicylic acid (SA) levels as 10 mM,1 mM,0.1 mM and control was applied as a foliar spray as treatments to induce the secondary metabolite production. Plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits, number of fallen leaves, SPAD value and leaf area, root dry of the root, free proline content and total polyphenol content were measured. The highest root dry weight (7.62g) and total polyphenol content (3.78 GAE mg/g d.w.b) was reported with the interaction effect of 50% of FC and 10− 3M SA application. Under the combined application of 50% of FC and 1 mM SA the dry weight and total polyphenol content was increased by 2.7 folds and 12.49 folds respectively compared to control (100% FC and without SA). These findings suggest that a moisture stress level of 50% field capacity combined with a 1 mM SA foliar spray can significantly enhance the root yield and polyphenol content of Ashwagandha.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of flavonoid accumulation in different cultivars of Platostoma palustre
Authors: You Jiankai , Zeng Lishan , Wang Zhongdong , Xia Yimeng , Lin Ying , Zhan Ruoting , Zhang Guifang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Platostoma palustre
is a kind of plant resource with medicinal and food value, which has been differentiated into many different varieties after a long period of breeding. The cultivars of Taiwan(TW) and Pingyuan(PY) are widely grown in Guangdong, but a clear basis for species differentiation has not yet been established, resulting in the mixing of different species which limits their production and application.
Results
Regarding leaf surface morphology, the TW exhibited greater leaf area, non-glandular hairs, and the number of stomata than the PY. Regarding chemical activities, the TW exhibited higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than the PY. In metabolomics, a total of 85 DAMs were detected, among which four flavonoid DAMs were identified, all of which were up-regulated in TW expression. Transcriptome analysis identified 2503 DEGs, which were classified according to their functional roles. The results demonstrated that the DEGs were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, sorting and degradation. Combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome indicated that the phenylpropanoid pathway plays a significant role in flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, real-time fluorescence qrt-PCR validation demonstrated that the expression trend of 10 DEGs was consistent with the transcriptomics data.
Conclusion
The phenylpropanoid pathway affects the synthesis of secondary metabolites, resulting in functional differences. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid synthesis in P. palustre and to provide a theoretical basis for the identification, differentiation and breeding cultivation of different cultivars of P. palustre.