bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intron V, not intron I of human thrombopoietin, improves expression in the milk of transgenic mice regulated by goat beta-casein promoter
Authors: Li Yan , Hao Hu , Zhou Mingqian , Zhou Hongwei , Ye Jianbin , Ning Lijun , Ning Yunshan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntrons near 5′ end of genes generally enhance gene expression because of an enhancer /a promoter within their sequence or as intron-mediated enhancement. Surprisingly, our previous experiments found that the vector containing the last intron (intron V) of human thromobopoietin (hTPO) expressed higher hTPO in cos-1 cell than the vector containing intron I regulated by cytomegalovirus promoter. Moreover, regulated by 1.0 kb rat whey acidic protein promoter, hTPO expression was higher in transgenic mice generated by intron V-TPOcDNA than in transgenic mice generated by TPOcDNA and TPOgDNA. However, it is unknown whether the enhancement of hTPO expression by intron I is decreased by uAUG7 at 5′-UTR of hTPO in vivo. Currently, we constructed vectors regulated by stronger 6.5kb β-casein promoter, including pTPOGA (containing TPOcDNA), pTPOGB (containing TUR-TPOcDNA, TUR including exon1, intron I and non-coding exon2 of hTPO gene), pTPOGC (containing ΔTUR-TPOcDNA, nucleotides of TUR from uAUG7 to physiological AUG were deleted), pTPOGD (containing intron V-TPOcDNA) and pTPOGE (containing TPOgDNA), to evaluate the effect of intron I on hTPO expression and to further verify whether intron V enhances hTPO expression in the milk of transgenic mice. The results demonstrated that intron V, not intron I improved hTPO expression.
Interleukin-17 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF production of cancer cells via the STAT3/GIV signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Pan Bo , Shen Jing , Cao Jingyan , Zhou Yongxu , Shang Lihua , Jin Shi , Cao Shoubo , Che Dehai , Liu Fang , Yu Yan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe presence of IL-17-positive cells is observed in a variety of inflammatory associated cancers and IL-17 has been found to be involved in angiogenesis. However, it remains unclear how IL-17 might contribute to tumor angiogenesis. In our study, IL-17 enhanced the formation of vessel-like tubes in HUVECs both directly (when HUVECs were incubated with IL-17) and indirectly (when HUVECs were incubated in conditioned cell media (CCM) from IL-17-treated cancer cells). Our results from experiments using siRNA-mediated knockdowns of STAT3 and GIV suggest that the effects of IL-17 were mediated by activating STAT3/GIV signaling in NSCLC cells and subsequently up-regulating its downstream target VEGF. Consistent with these findings, immunostaining experiments on human NSCLC tissues indicated that IL-17 and GIV expression were significantly and positively associated with increased tumor vascularity. The clinical significance of IL-17 was authenticated by our finding that the combination of intratumoral IL-17 + cells and GIV expression served as a better prognosticator for survival than either marker alone. Therefore, our finding highlights a novel aspect of STAT3/GIV pathway in the IL-17 promotes tumor angiogenesis of NSCLC.
Electronic structure of quasi-one-dimensional superconductor K2Cr3As3 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Jiang Hao , Cao Guanghan , Cao Chao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe electronic structure of quasi-one-dimensional superconductor K2Cr3As3 is studied through systematic first-principles calculations. The ground state of K2Cr3As3 is paramagnetic. Close to the Fermi level, the "Equation missing", dxy and "Equation missing" orbitals dominate the electronic states and three bands cross EF to form one 3D Fermi surface sheet and two quasi-1D sheets. The electronic DOS at EF is less than 1/3 of the experimental value, indicating a large electron renormalization factor around EF. Despite of the relatively small atomic numbers, the antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling splitting is sizable (≈60 meV) on the 3D Fermi surface sheet as well as on one of the quasi-1D sheets. Finally, the imaginary part of bare electron susceptibility shows large peaks at Γ, suggesting the presence of large ferromagnetic spin fluctuation in the compound.
Coherent and Tunable Terahertz Radiation from Graphene Surface Plasmon Polarirons Excited by Cyclotron Electron Beam
Authors: Zhao Tao , Gong Sen , Hu Min , Zhong Renbin , Liu Diwei , Chen Xiaoxing , Zhang Ping , Wang Xinran , Zhang Chao , Wu Peiheng , Liu Shenggang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation can revolutionize modern science and technology. To this date, it remains big challenges to develop intense, coherent and tunable THz radiation sources that can cover the whole THz frequency region either by means of only electronics (both vacuum electronics and semiconductor electronics) or of only photonics (lasers, for example, quantum cascade laser). Here we present a mechanism which can overcome these difficulties in THz radiation generation. Due to the natural periodicity of 2π of both the circular cylindrical graphene structure and cyclotron electron beam (CEB), the surface plasmon polaritions (SPPs) dispersion can cross the light line of dielectric, making transformation of SPPs into radiation immediately possible. The dual natural periodicity also brings significant excellences to the excitation and the transformation. The fundamental and hybrid SPPs modes can be excited and transformed into radiation. The excited SPPs propagate along the cyclotron trajectory together with the beam and gain energy from the beam continuously. The radiation density is enhanced over 300 times, up to 105 W/cm2. The radiation frequency can be widely tuned by adjusting the beam energy or chemical potential. This mechanism opens a way for developing desired THz radiation sources to cover the whole THz frequency regime.
Plastic straw: future of high-speed signaling
Authors: Song Ha Il , Jin Huxian , Bae Hyeon-Min 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe ever-increasing demand for bandwidth triggered by mobile and video Internet traffic requires advanced interconnect solutions satisfying functional and economic constraints. A new interconnect called E-TUBE is proposed as a cost-and-power-effective all-electrical-domain wideband waveguide solution for high-speed high-volume short-reach communication links. The E-TUBE achieves an unprecedented level of performance in terms of bandwidth-per-carrier frequency, power and density without requiring a precision manufacturing process unlike conventional optical/waveguide solutions. The E-TUBE exhibits a frequency-independent loss-profile of 4 dB/m and has nearly 20-GHz bandwidth over the V band. A single-sideband signal transmission enabled by the inherent frequency response of the E-TUBE renders two-times data throughput without any physical overhead compared to conventional radio frequency communication technologies. This new interconnect scheme would be attractive to parties interested in high throughput links, including but not limited to, 100/400 Gbps chip-to-chip communications.
Dynamic nano-imaging of label-free living cells using electron beam excitation-assisted optical microscope
Authors: Fukuta Masahiro , Kanamori Satoshi , Furukawa Taichi , Nawa Yasunori , Inami Wataru , Lin Sheng , Kawata Yoshimasa , Terakawa Susumu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOptical microscopes are effective tools for cellular function analysis because biological cells can be observed non-destructively and non-invasively in the living state in either water or atmosphere condition. Label-free optical imaging technique such as phase-contrast microscopy has been analysed many cellular functions and it is essential technology for bioscience field. However, the diffraction limit of light makes it is difficult to image nano-structures in a label-free living cell, for example the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi body and the localization of proteins. Here we demonstrate the dynamic imaging of a label-free cell with high spatial resolution by using an electron beam excitation-assisted optical (EXA) microscope. We observed the dynamic movement of the nucleus and nano-scale granules in living cells with better than 100 nm spatial resolution and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) around 10. Our results contribute to the development of cellular function analysis and open up new bioscience applications.
Bioinspired Reductionistic Peptide Engineering for Exceptional Mechanical Properties
Authors: Avinash M. B. , Raut Devaraj , Mishra Manish Kumar , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Govindaraju T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA simple solution-processing and self-assembly approach that exploits the synergistic interactions between multiple hydrogen bonded networks and aromatic interactions was utilized to synthesize molecular crystals of cyclic dipeptides (CDPs), whose molecular weights (~0.2 kDa) are nearly three orders of magnitude smaller than that of natural structural proteins (50–300 kDa). Mechanical properties of these materials, measured using the nanoindentation technique, indicate that the stiffness and strength are comparable and sometimes better than those of natural fibres. The measured mechanical responses were rationalized by recourse to the crystallographic structural analysis and intermolecular interactions in the self-assembled single crystals. With this work we highlight the significance of developing small molecule based bioinspired design strategies to emulate biomechanical properties. A particular advantage of the successfully demonstrated reductionistic strategy of the present work is its amenability for realistic industrial scale manufacturing of designer biomaterials with desired mechanical properties.
Origins of Highly Stable Al-evaporated Solution-processed ZnO Thin Film Transistors: Insights from Low Frequency and Random Telegraph Signal Noise
Authors: Kim Joo Hyung , Kang Tae Sung , Yang Jung Yup , Hong Jin Pyo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOne long-standing goal in the emerging field of flexible and transparent electronic devices is to meet the demand of key markets, such as enhanced output performance for metal oxide semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) prepared by a solution process. While solution-based fabrication techniques are cost-effective and ensure large-area coverage at low temperature, their utilization has the disadvantage of introducing large trap states into TFTs. Such states, the formation of which is induced by intrinsic defects initially produced during preparation, have a significant impact on electrical performance. Therefore, the ability to enhance the electrical characteristics of solution-processed TFTs, along with attaining a firm understanding of their physical nature, remains a key step towards extending their use. In this study, measurements of low-frequency noise and random telegraph signal noise are employed as generic alternative tools to examine the origins of enhanced output performance for solution-processed ZnO TFTs through the control of defect sites by Al evaporation.
Bio-grout based on microbially induced sand solidification by means of asparaginase activity
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Fu Qing-Long , Zhang Qiuzhuo , Achal Varenyam , Kawasaki Satoru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBio-grout, a new ground improvement method, has been recently developed to improve the mechanical properties, decrease the permeability of porous materials, reinforce or repair cementitious materials and modify the properties of soil or sand. Bio-grout production depends on microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which is driven mainly by an enzyme, urease. However, urease-based MICP process produces excessive ammonia, in addition to secondary pollution generated by urea that is used as substrate in it. In the present study, we reported asparaginase-based MICP process for sand bio-grout development using Bacillus megaterium and results were also compared with urease-based bio-grouts. The asparaginase activity led to significantly less ammonia production compared to urease without compromising with desired properties of a novel grout. The UCS of bio-grout was obtained at 980 kPa, while the permeability was decreased substantially. The mineralogical composition of precipitated substance was identified as calcite using XRD and the crystal morphology was observed under SEM. The mass percentage of calcite in bio-grout was calculated by thermogravimetric analysis and XCT verified calcite precipitation in it. The results confirmed that biocalcification by means of bacterial asparaginase is a potential solution for geotechnical problems. The asparaginase-based MICP process could be of wider acceptance in future.
Effective emotion regulation strategies improve fMRI and ECG markers of psychopathology in panic disorder: implications for psychological treatment action
Authors: Reinecke A , Filippini N , Berna C , Western D G , Hanson B , Cooper M J , Taggart P , Harmer C J 
Published: November 2015

AbstractImpairments in emotion regulation are thought to have a key role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, but the neurobiological underpinnings contributing to vulnerability remain poorly understood. It has been a long-held view that exaggerated fear is linked to hyperresponsivity of limbic brain areas and impaired recruitment of prefrontal control. However, increasing evidence suggests that prefrontal–cortical networks are hyperactive during threat processing in anxiety disorders. This study directly explored limbic–prefrontal neural response, connectivity and heart-rate variability (HRV) in patients with a severe anxiety disorder during incidental versus intentional emotion regulation. During 3 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 participants with panic disorder and 18 healthy controls performed an emotion regulation task. They either viewed negative images naturally (Maintain), or they were instructed to intentionally downregulate negative affect using previously taught strategies of cognitive reappraisal (Reappraisal). Electrocardiograms were recorded throughout to provide a functional measure of regulation and emotional processing. Compared with controls, patients showed increased neural activation in limbic–prefrontal areas and reduced HRV during incidental emotion regulation (Maintain). During intentional regulation (Reappraisal), group differences were significantly attenuated. These findings emphasize patients’ ability to regulate negative affect if provided with adaptive strategies. They also bring prefrontal hyperactivation forward as a potential mechanism of psychopathology in anxiety disorders. Although these results challenge models proposing impaired allocation of prefrontal resources as a key characteristic of anxiety disorders, they are in line with more recent neurobiological frameworks suggesting that prefrontal hyperactivation might reflect increased utilisation of maladaptive regulation strategies quintessential for anxiety disorders.
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract protects against perfluorooctanoic acid-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Xu Changshui , Sun Xi , Kuang Haibin , Kuang Xiaodong , Zou Weiying , Yang Bei , Wu Lei , Liu Fangming , Zou Ting , Zhang Dalei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a rich source of proanthocyanidins with multiple biological activities and potential health benefits. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of GSPE against liver injury caused by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in mice and its possible mechanisms of action. Simultaneous treatment with GSPE for 14 consecutive days attenuated the functional and morphological changes in the liver of PFOA-exposed mice. Furthermore, simultaneous supplementation of GSPE reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, increased the expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased the production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the liver of mice exposed to PFOA. Moreover, GSPE supplementation up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax, with a decreased activity of caspase-3 in the liver of PFOA-treated mice. These findings suggest that GSPE ameliorates PFOA-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver of mice.
3.3.3 Oxidation Using Alcohol Oxidases
Authors: Ewing T. , Fraaije M. W. , van Berkel W. J.H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry. Biocatalysis provides an attractive alternative to traditional methods of alcohol oxidation. Enzyme-catalyzed oxidations are often highly regioselective, enabling the oxidation of polyols without the need for complex protection schemes. Many oxidative enzymes also display exquisite enantioselectivity and thus can be utilized for the preparation of enantiopure secondary alcohols by kinetic resolution or deracemization methods. The use of biocatalysts also has advantages from the point of view of sustainability. This is particularly true for oxidases, which catalyze the oxidation of their substrates using molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor. This section provides an overview of the known alcohol oxidases, the reactions they catalyze, and, where available, examples of their use for synthetic purposes.
3.6 Halogenases
Authors: Grüschow S. , Smith D. R. M. , Gkotsi D. S. , Goss R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany halogenated compounds can be found in nature and, of these, a number must have arisen through regio- or stereoselective enzymatic halogenation (e.g., halomon and pyrrolnitrin). In this chapter, the current understanding of halogenating enzymes and their applications is presented. Electrophilic, nucleophilic, and radical halogenation are covered and the mechanism and substrate scope of these enzymatic processes are discussed.
3.7.2 Biocatalytic Key Steps in Semisynthesis and Total Synthesis
Authors: Patel R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEnzyme-catalyzed reactions are highly selective and can be carried out under ambient conditions, thus avoiding the extreme conditions used in chemical reactions which could cause various problems. Enzymes can be cloned and overexpressed and this feature, along with directed evolution of enzymes under desired process conditions, has led to the production of novel and highly efficient biocatalysts for the development of economical processes for pharmaceutical development. This article describes a number of key biocatalytic steps in synthesis and total synthesis.
Stochastic electrotransport selectively enhances the transport of highly electromobile molecules
Authors: Kim Sung-Yon , Cho Jae Hun , Murray Evan , Bakh Naveed , Choi Heejin , Ohn Kimberly , Ruelas Luzdary , Hubbert Austin , McCue Meg , Vassallo Sara L. , Keller Philipp J. , Chung Kwanghun 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Many chemical and biomedical techniques rely on slow diffusive transport because existing pressure-based methods or electrokinetic methods can incidentally damage the sample. This study introduces a novel transport concept termed stochastic electrotransport that can selectively and nondestructively expedite transport of electromobile molecules into a porous sample, such as fixed biological tissues. We use the method to rapidly transport several classes of molecules into whole mouse brains and other organs and achieve rapid clearing and staining of the entire tissue in record time without damaging the sample. Our new method may facilitate the application of various molecular techniques to large and dense tissues.
Teleportation of entanglement over 143 km
Authors: Herbst Thomas , Scheidl Thomas , Fink Matthias , Handsteiner Johannes , Wittmann Bernhard , Ursin Rupert , Zeilinger Anton 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Teleportation of an entangled state, also known as entanglement swapping, plays a vital role in the vision of a global quantum internet, providing unconditionally secure communication, blind cloud computing, and an exponential speedup in distributed quantum computation. In contrast to the teleportation of a single quantum state from one qubit to another, entanglement swapping generates entanglement between two independent qubits that have never interacted in the past. Therefore this protocol represents a key resource for numerous quantum-information applications that has been implemented in many different systems to date. We experimentally demonstrated entanglement swapping over 143 km between the Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife, proving the feasibility of this protocol to be implemented in a future global scenario.
Hormone-regulated defense and stress response networks contribute to heterosis inArabidopsisF1 hybrids
Authors: Groszmann Michael , Gonzalez-Bayon Rebeca , Lyons Rebecca L. , Greaves Ian K. , Kazan Kemal , Peacock W. James , Dennis Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceHybrids are extensively used in agriculture to deliver increases in crop yields, yet the molecular basis of their superior performance (heterosis) is not well understood. We report that someArabidopsisF1 hybrids show changes to salicylic acid- and auxin-regulated defense and stress response gene expression. These changes could be important for generating the greater growth of some hybrids given the antagonistic relationship between plant growth and defense responses. Hybrids showing different levels of heterosis have changes in the salicylic acid- and auxin-regulated pathways that correlate with differences in the enhanced leaf growth. The larger leaves, and thus greater capacity for energy production, support the increased growth vigor and seed yields of the hybrids.
Development of a Bioenergetics Model for the Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Hovel Rachel A. , Beauchamp David A. , Hansen Adam G. , Sorel Mark H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Threespine SticklebackGasterosteus aculeatusis widely distributed across northern hemisphere ecosystems, has ecological influence as an abundant planktivore, and is commonly used as a model organism, but the species lacks a comprehensive model to describe bioenergetic performance in response to varying environmental or ecological conditions. This study parameterized a bioenergetics model for the Threespine Stickleback using laboratory measurements to determine mass‐ and temperature‐dependent functions for maximum consumption and routine respiration costs. Maximum consumption experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 7.5°C to 23.0°C and a range of fish weights from 0.5 to 4.5 g. Respiration experiments were conducted across a range of temperatures from 8°C to 28°C. Model sensitivity was consistent with other comparable models in that the mass‐dependent parameters for maximum consumption were the most sensitive. Growth estimates based on the Threespine Stickleback bioenergetics model suggested that 22°C is the optimal temperature for growth when food is not limiting. The bioenergetics model performed well when used to predict independent, paired measures of consumption and growth observed from a separate wild population of Threespine Sticklebacks. Predicted values for consumption and growth (expressed as percent body weight per day) only deviated from observed values by 2.0%. Our model should provide insight into the physiological performance of this species across a range of environmental conditions and be useful for quantifying the trophic impact of this species in food webs containing other ecologically or economically important species.