bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing victim risk in cases of violent crime
Authors: Khan Roxanne , Willan Victoria J , Lowe Michelle , Robinson Phaedra , Brooks Matthew , Irving May , Stokes Rachel , Graham-Kevan Nicola , Karwacka Marta , Bryce Jo 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– There is a body of evidence that suggests a range of psychosocial characteristics demarcate certain adults to be at an elevated risk for victimisation. The purpose of this paper is to examine consistency between one police force, and a corresponding Victim Support service based in England, in their assessment of level of risk faced by victims of violent crime.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study explored matched data on 869 adult victims of violent crime gathered from these two key services in Preston, namely, Lancashire Constabulary and Victim Support, from which a sub-group of comparable “domestic violence” cases (n=211) were selected for further examination.

Findings
– Data analyses revealed methodological inconsistencies in the assessment of victimisation resulting in discrepancies for recorded levels of risk in domestic violence cases across these two agencies.

Practical implications
– These findings provide a compelling argument for developing a more uniformed approach to victim assessment and indicate a significant training need.

Originality/value
– This paper highlights areas of good practice and forwards several recommendations for improved practice that emphasises the integration of empirical research conducted by psychologists to boost the validity and reliability of risk assessment approaches and tools used.
Grey areas and fine lines: negotiating operational independence in the era of the police and crime commissioner
Authors: Wells Helen 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the negotiation of boundaries of strategic vs operational responsibility between Chief Constables and Police Crime Commissioners (PCCs).

Design/methodology/approach
– The discussion reflects on interviews with Chief Constables (n=11) and PCCs (n=11) in matched pairs, exploring the relationship between the two figures, specifically in relation to the issue of the operational independence of the Chief Constable in the new accountability structure.

Findings
– The findings demonstrate that experiences vary and depend on the particular personalities and experience of the individuals involved. PCCs were particularly likely to test the boundary of operational vs strategic responsibility in relation to issues which had been brought to their attention by members of their electorate.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research could seek a larger sample as it is possible that those areas where real tensions existed declined to participate. Given the findings, it would also be informative to revisit the topic in the run-up to the next PCC elections.

Social implications
– The (re)negotiation of boundaries may become the norm given that both roles are subject to reassignment at short notice, and may become particularly salient in the run-up to future PCC elections. Crucial policing decisions which affect everyone are inevitably influenced by these background negotiations.

Originality/value
– Previous research has not been based on interviews with both PCCs and their respective Chief Constables, and hence there is dearth of material which reflects on the relationships between these two powerful individuals and their ongoing negotiations of issues with real practical and conceptual implications.
Ryanair: success before love
Authors: Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to show why public acclaim is not always a guarantee for healthy profits. A low-cost forerunner, Laker Airlines, also discovered this same fact to its fatal cost. A company needs to understand its true value proposition and ensure that customers are willing to pay for it. Ryanair was adored by the public when it began its low-cost flights from Dublin to London in 1986. That love nearly drove it to bankruptcy. Today, despite its poor image, it is one of the most successful and profitable companies in the industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article analysis of the changing fortunes of Ryanair from its launch to its near bankruptcy in 1991 and then its revival of fortunes. It draws a parallel with Laker Airlines and the low-cost transatlantic Skytrain. Adulated by the public, the company folded in 1982. It is supplemented with research the airline industry and low-cost business models.

Findings
– The article shows why companies should not fall into the trap of believing that a good public image will be the necessary condition for maintaining a sustainable competitive advantage. They need to fully understand the value proposition and what a customer is willing to buy.
Cathay
&
Southwest: flying the flag of good practice in airline mergers
Authors: Sharma Reetesh , Thomas Mark 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This article highlights the essential factors to be considered for successful mergers and acquisitions (M
&
As) in the aviation industry. The article draws insights from the successful deals between Morris and Southwest Airlines as well as Cathay Pacific and Dragonair.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article is a case study of two successful mergers in the airline industry, one in the USA and one in Asia.

Findings
– M
&
As in the airline industry are loaded with difficulties. These include problems of brand identification, opposition from key stakeholders and the need of forming one coherent organisational culture. However, this does not mean that they are impossible. Two large-scale mergers have shown that successful mergers can occur in the industry.

Originality/value
– This article gives examples of two successful M
&
A deals from the aviation industry and shows the important factors to achieve this.
M
&
As in the airline industry: emotions flying high
Authors: Thomas Mark , Kummer Christopher Benjamin 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Mergers and acquisitions (M
&
As) are sensitive issues in most industries, but it would seem even more so in airlines. The list of failures or destroyed value in the sector is long. This article outlines three of the main reason why M
&
As can be a challenge in this industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article looks at M
&
As in the airline industry through a key stakeholder and brand identification perspective. It also considers the reaction of airline personnel to merger and analysis the cause of their behaviour.

Findings
– Senior management often fails to understand that there is a big difference between negotiating and closing a merger and afterwards making it a success. While they often feel rather exhausted after the long process of discussions, due diligence and many legal aspects including regulatory hurdles – after the announcement the true work starts!
Longitudinal study of effects of oral dosage of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9‐1 on Japanese cedar pollen‐induced allergic nasal symptoms in guinea pigs
Authors: Tsunemine Satoru , Isa Yasuhiro , Ohno Hiroshi , Hagino Satoko , Yamamura Hideki , Mizutani Nobuaki , Nabe Takeshi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious studies using experimental animal models have reported the beneficial effects of probiotics on allergic responses; however, their long‐term effects on allergic nasal symptoms in clinical settings have not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, a guinea pig allergic rhinitis model involving repeated inhalation challenges with a natural allergen, Japanese cedar pollen, was used to examine the longitudinal effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9‐1 (BBG9‐1) on allergic nasal symptoms. BBG9‐1 was administered orally once a day. Amelioration of nasal blockage was consistently observed throughout the experimental period in the BBG9‐1‐treated group. Although challenge‐induced sneezing was not significantly inhibited in the BBG9‐1‐treated group, prolonged treatment with BBG9‐1 slightly reduced the frequency of sneezing. Antigen‐specific IgE antibody production was also not inhibited in the BBG9‐1‐treated group. Increases in the numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils in nasal cavity lavage fluid collected after pollen challenge were almost completely suppressed by BBG9‐1 treatment, whereas those in mast cell mediators, histamine and cysteinyl leukotrienes were not. In contrast, increases in the levels of nitric oxide metabolites were potently suppressed. Furthermore, prolonged BBG9‐1 treatment markedly suppressed exogenous leukotriene D4‐induced nasal blockage. Thus, prolonged oral administration of BBG9‐1 suppresses Japanese cedar pollen‐induced allergic nasal symptoms. The inhibitory mechanisms responsible may involve reductions in the responsiveness of target organs, such as endothelial cells in nasal mucosal blood vessels, to chemical mediators.
Patterns and predictors of β‐diversity in the fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest: a multiscale analysis of forest specialist and generalist birds
Authors: Morante‐Filho José Carlos , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Faria Deborah 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Biodiversity maintenance in human‐altered landscapes (HALs) depends on the species turnover among localities, but the patterns and determinants of β‐diversity in HALs are poorly known. In fact, declines, increases and neutral shifts in β‐diversity have all been documented, depending on the landscape, ecological group and spatial scale of analysis.

We shed some light on this controversy by assessing the patterns and predictors of bird β‐diversity across multiple spatial scales considering forest specialist and habitat generalist bird assemblages.

We surveyed birds from 144 point counts in 36 different forest sites across two landscapes with different amount of forest cover in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. We analysed β‐diversity among points, among sites and between landscapes with multiplicative diversity partitioning of Hill numbers. We tested whether β‐diversity among points was related to within‐site variations in vegetation structure, and whether β‐diversity among sites was related to site location and/or to differences among sites in vegetation structure and landscape composition (i.e. per cent forest and pasture cover surrounding each site).

β‐diversity between landscapes was lower than among sites and among points in both bird assemblages. In forest specialist birds, the landscape with less forest cover showed the highest β‐diversity among sites (bird differentiation among sites), but generalist birds showed the opposite pattern. At the local scale, however, the less forested landscape showed the lowest β‐diversity among points (bird homogenization within sites), independently of the bird assemblage. β‐diversity among points was weakly related to vegetation structure, but higher β‐diversity values were recorded among sites that were more isolated from each other, and among sites with higher differences in landscape composition, particularly in the less forested landscape.

Our findings indicate that patterns of bird β‐diversity vary across scales and are strongly related to landscape composition. Bird assemblages are shaped by both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation, particularly in less forested landscapes. Conservation and management strategies should therefore prevent deforestation in this biodiversity hotspot.
Fell runners and walking walls: towards a sociology of living landscapes and aesthetic atmospheres as an alternative to a Lakeland picturesque
Authors: Nettleton Sarah 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article draws on analysis of data generated by way of an ethnography of fell running in the English Lake District and suggests that participants who have lived and run in the area for many years experience a particular mode of aesthetic. The Lake District has long been valued for its outstanding scenery represented in the aesthetic of the picturesque comprising relatively static landscapes that should be conserved. Established fell runners who have run in the area for many decades apprehend and appreciate the landscape in more complex, rooted and situated ways. The anthropologist Ingold, distinguishes between landscapeand landsceppan, and this insight is instructive for grasping the way in which the runners do not simply scope scenery but work with the land: they shape it and are shaped by it. Fell runners are elements within the living environment and along with walls, sheep, becks, sun, rain – what Ingold evocatively calls the ‘weather‐world’ – are mobile. Movement is central to their aesthetic, they enjoy not so much the scenic but rather a fellsceppan and do so through their fast eye‐gait‐footwork and their lively, variable occupation with the terrain. The fells infiltrate and interpenetrate the runners and movement through the fells generates a somatic aesthetic. The pleasure in turn breedsexistential capitalan embodied gratification that serves as an attractor that binds those who appreciate feelings of being alive with and in the fells.
Characteristic properties of Muhlama
Authors: Imamoglu Husniye , Pehlivanoglu Halime , Nazlı Bulent , Cakir Bilal 
Published: September 2015

The composition of muhlama, which consists of corn flour, butter, water, salt and either string, golot or minced curd cheese, was examined to determine its essential characteristics. Muhlama samples were collected from prominent Black Sea restaurants in Istanbul for sensory analysis and an evaluation of physicochemical properties. Sensory analysis was conducted on properties including appearance, texture, odour, flavour and aroma. Physicochemical properties such as pH, moisture, fat, fatty acid composition (saturated and unsaturated), protein, ash and energy were measured. The results of the physicochemical properties revealed pH (5.65), moisture (55.85 g/100 g), fat (13.6 g/100 g), fatty acid composition (saturated fatty acid: 1013.34 mg/kg, and unsaturated fatty acid: 286.14 mg/kg), protein (19.4 g/100 g), ash (1.34 g/100 g) and energy (239.18 kcal/100 g). The sensory analysis showed samples of light yellow colour, uniform and shiny in appearance, and a consistency in soft and smooth structure. The product had a unique flavour and aroma with the chemical structure of high energy value of the nutrient elements.
Protein lactosylation in UHT milk during storage measured by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and quantification of furosine
Authors: Rauh Valentin M , Johansen Lene B , Bakman Mette , Ipsen Richard , Paulsson Marie , Larsen Lotte B , Hammershøj Marianne 
Published: September 2015

The initial stage of the Maillard reaction, protein lactosylation, occurs during heat treatment of milk and continues during subsequent storage. We compared the initial lactosylation as well as the rate of lactosylation of milk proteins during storage in UHT milk subjected to direct or indirect heat treatment using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with electrospray injection mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Furosine content was used as an overall marker to allow for a quantitative correlation of lactosylation measured by LC‐ESI‐MS in the UHT milks. Protein lactosylation increased during the storage period of 6 months at 20 °C. Both the initial extent and the rate of lactosylation positively correlated with the number of lysine residues in the different proteins. An exponential or linear correlation with furosine concentration could be established for major and minor lactosylated proteins, respectively.
Physicochemical and sensory quality of several commercial Brazilian chocolate milk beverages
Authors: Della Lucia Flávia , Do Carmo Juliana Ribeiro , Morais Cecília S Nunes , Nunes Cleiton A , Pinheiro Ana Carla M , Ferreira Eric Batista , Pinto Sandra Maria , de Abreu Luiz Ronaldo , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros 
Published: September 2015

Five brands of Brazilian chocolate milk were subjected to physicochemical and acceptability analysis. The moisture content, fat content, pH and soluble solids content varied between 78.35 and 84.27 g/100 mL, 1.68 and 3.08 g/100 mL, 7.11 and 7.44, 14.0 and 19.0° Brix, respectively, while the ash contents and % lactic acid equivalents were similar. Four of the tested brands had acceptable scores in all attributes; however, one had lower acceptability scores and lower values for luminosity, chromaticity, b* and hue angle, which are potential indicators of the sensory quality. Strong chocolate aroma, strong chocolate flavour, strong brown colour, brightness and sandiness may be used as indicators of low acceptability for chocolate milk.
Interpregnancy interval and perinatal outcomes across Latin America from 1990 to 2009: a large multi‐country study
Authors: Mignini LE , Carroli G , Betran AP , Fescina R , Cuesta C , Campodonico L , De Mucio B , Khan KS 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the relationship of interpregnancy interval with maternal and offspring outcomes.DesignRetrospective study with data from the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Centre for Perinatology and Human Development, Uruguay.SettingLatin America, 1990–2009.PopulationA cohort of 894 476 women delivering singleton infants.MethodsDuring 1990–2009 the Perinatal Information System database of the Latin American Centre for Perinatology identified 894 476 women with defined interpregnancy intervals: i.e. the time elapsed between the date of the previous delivery and the first day of the last normal menstrual period for the index pregnancy. Using the interval 12–23 months as the reference category, multiple logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the association between various interval lengths and maternal and offspring outcomes.Main outcome measuresMaternal death, pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, puerperal infection, fetal death, neonatal death, preterm birth, and low birthweight.ResultsIn the reference interval there was 0.05% maternal death, 1.00% postpartum haemorrhage, 2.80% pre‐eclampsia, 0.15% eclampsia, 0.28% puerperal infection, 3.45% fetal death, 0.68% neonatal death, 12.33% preterm birth, and 9.73% low birthweight. Longer intervals had increased odds of pre‐eclampsia (>72 months), fetal death (>108–119 months), and low birthweight (96–107 months). Short intervals of <12 months had increased odds of pre‐eclampsia (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.76–0.85), neonatal death (aOR 1.18; 95% CI 1.08–1.28), and preterm birth (aOR 1.16; 95% CI 1.11–1.21). Statistically, the interval had no relationship with maternal death, eclampsia, and puerperal infection.ConclusionsA short interpregnancy interval of <12 months is associated with pre‐eclampsia, neonatal mortality, and preterm birth, but not with other maternal or offspring outcomes. Longer intervals of >72 months are associated with pre‐eclampsia, fetal death, and low birthweight, but not with other maternal or offspring outcomes.Tweetable abstractA short interpregnancy interval of <12 months is associated with neonatal mortality and preterm birth.
EpsA is an essential gene in exopolysaccharide production in Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785
Authors: Dertli Enes , Mayer Melinda J. , Colquhoun Ian J. , Narbad Arjan 
Published: September 2015

SummaryLactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 has an eps gene cluster which is required for the biosynthesis of homopolymeric exopolysaccharides (EPS)‐1 and heteropolymeric EPS‐2 as a capsular layer. The first gene of the cluster, epsA, is the putative transcriptional regulator. In this study we showed the crucial role of epsA in EPS biosynthesis by demonstrating that deletion of epsA resulted in complete loss of both EPS‐1 and EPS‐2 on the cell surface. Plasmid complementation of the epsA gene fully restored EPS production, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Furthermore, this complementation resulted in a twofold increase in the expression levels of this gene, which almost doubled amounts of EPS production in comparison with the wild‐type strain. Analysis of EPS by NMR showed an increased ratio of the heteropolysaccharide to homopolysaccharide in the complemented strain and allowed identification of the acetylated residue in EPS‐2 as the (1,4)‐linked βGlcp unit, with the acetyl group located at O‐6. These findings indicate that epsA is a positive regulator of EPS production and that EPS production can be manipulated by altering its expression.
Impact of intrauterine growth restriction on preterm lung disease
Authors: Sasi Arun , Abraham Vinita , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Polglase Graeme R. , Jenkin Graham , Miller Suzanne L. , Malhotra Atul 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause for prematurity and adversely influences prematurity‐related morbidities. This study evaluates the impact of IUGR on respiratory outcomes in infants <32 weeks with IUGR and birthweight <10th centile (SGA) compared to matched appropriate for gestation (AGA) controls.MethodsThe primary outcomes of this retrospective study are short‐term pulmonary outcomes of chronic lung disease (CLD), CLD or death, and need for home oxygen at discharge. Subgroup analysis by gestation‐based stratification (<28 and ≥28 <32 weeks) was decided a priori.ResultsTotal of 153 IUGR and 306 non‐IUGR infants were enrolled. The rate of CLD (45% vs. 17%, p = 0.0001), death (16% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.0001), CLD or death (46% vs. 21.5%, p = 0.0001), home oxygen rates (13.7% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.01) and duration of respiratory support was significantly higher in the IUGR group. IUGR emerged as the strongest predictor of CLD (adjusted OR, 95%CI: (8.4 [2, 35]) and CLD or death (12.7 [3, 54]) across all gestation.ConclusionIUGR is a major risk factor for adverse short‐term pulmonary outcomes as reflected by higher rates of CLD, CLD or death, and oxygen dependency at discharge in preterm infants.
Analgesia by cooling vibration during venipuncture in children with cognitive impairment
Authors: Schreiber Silvana , Cozzi Giorgio , Rutigliano Rosaria , Assandro Paola , Tubaro Martina , Cortellazzo Wiel Luisa , Ronfani Luca , Barbi Egidio 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimChildren with cognitive impairment experience pain more frequently than healthy children and are more likely to require venipuncture or intravenous cannulation for various procedures. They are frequently unable to report pain and often receive poor pain assessment and management. This study assessed the effectiveness of physical analgesia during vascular access in children with cognitive impairments.MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomised controlled study at a tertiary‐level children's hospital in Italy from April to May 2015 to assess whether a cooling vibration device called Buzzy decreased pain during venipuncture and intravenous cannulation in children with cognitive impairment. None of the children had verbal skills and the main cognitive impairments were cerebral palsy, epileptic encephalopathy and genetic syndromes.ResultsWe tested 70 children with a median age of nine years: 34 in the Buzzy group and 36 in the no‐intervention group. Parents were trained in the use of the Noncommunicating Children's Pain Checklist – postoperative version scale, and they reported no or mild procedural pain in 32 cases (91.4%) in the Buzzy group and in 22 cases (61.1%) in the no‐intervention group (p = 0.003).ConclusionCooling vibration analgesia during vascular access reduced pain in children with cognitive impairment.