bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intumescent Nanocoating Extinguishes Flame on Fabric Using Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Complex Deposited in Single Step
Authors: Cain Amanda A. , Murray Shannon , Holder Kevin M. , Nolen Craig R. , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn an effort to produce a more effective and environmentally friendly flame‐retardant (FR) treatment for cotton fabric, a two‐ingredient aqueous polyelectrolyte complex was used to create a one‐step deposition system. This easy‐to‐apply nanocoating, made with nitrogen‐rich and phosphorous‐rich polyelectrolytes, maintains the fabric's weave structure by spontaneously coating individual fibers. Coating pick‐up is reproducible and is a function of both soak time and pot life of the polyelectrolyte complex. From microscale calorimetry data, cotton fabric soaked for only 1min in this “OnePot” flame‐retarding complex exhibits a 52.7% reduction in total heat release, with only 2.3 wt% coating added.
De novo mutation in the GNAL gene causing seemingly sporadic dystonia in a Serbian patient
Authors: Dobričić Valerija , Kresojević Nikola , Westenberger Ana , Svetel Marina , Tomić Aleksandra , Ralić Vesna , Petrović Igor , Lukić Milica Ječmenica , Lohmann Katja , Novaković Ivana , Klein Christine , Kostić Vladimir S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundMutations in GNAL (DYT25) have recently been established as the first confirmed cause of focal or segmental adult‐onset dystonia. Mutation carriers show craniocervical involvement; however, the GNAL mutational and phenotypic spectrum remain to be further characterized, and guidelines for diagnostic testing need to be established.MethodsThe authors used Sanger sequencing to test for changes in the GNAL coding or splice‐site regions in 236 Serbian patients suffering from isolated dystonia with craniocervical involvement.ResultsOne novel likely pathogenic substitution (c.1061T>C; p.Val354Ala) in GNAL was detected in a sporadic cervical dystonia patient (mutation frequency: 0.4%). This mutation was not present in the DNA of either parent, despite confirmed parentage.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a de novo GNAL mutation causing genetically proven, seemingly sporadic DYT25 dystonia. Our finding highlights the importance of genetic testing for GNAL mutations in establishing the molecular diagnosis even for patients with a negative family history. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Solid‐state NMR studies of intermolecular interactions in solid polymer blends
Authors: Mirau Peter A. , White Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMost binary mixtures of polymers are not miscible on the molecular level in the absence of specific intermolecular interactions. Solid‐state 13C and 2D 13C, 1H NMR has been used to study miscible polymer blends in an attempt to identify the interacting groups and gain a molecular level understanding of the forces that drive irascibility. Selective polarization transfer methods, either solid‐state nuclear Overhauser effects or windowless isotropic mixing, were used to study these interactions, and the interacting groups in several strongly and weakly interacting polymer blends were identified.
Selective excitation SASS 13C NMR study of the phenylene motion of glassy polymers
Authors: Horii Fumitaka , Beppu Takayuki , Takaesu Noboru , Ishida Masato 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNatural abundance 13C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) spectra of the aromatic CH carbons of bisphenol‐A (BPA) residues were measured for BPA polycarbonate (BPAPC) and polyarylate (PAr) films at different temperatures by selective excitation switching angle sample spinning (SESASS) NMR spectroscopy. The CSA spectra thus obtained were analysed in terms of the two‐site exchange model for the flip motion of the phenylene group. In BPAPC, wide distributions in flip angle around 0° and 180° are well revealed under the situation of the first exchange limit for the flip motion and the widths become significantly broader with increasing temperature. These results are in good agreement with those of the previous 2H NMR analyses. Similar wide distributions in flip angle are also recognized even at lower temperatures for PAr, which is a non‐crystalline polymer composed of BPA and phthalic acid residues, suggesting more enhanced phenylene motion in this polymer. Moreover, the CSA spectra obtained for PAr above 60°C are found not to be reproduced by using the simple two‐site exchange model primarily based on the flip motions around 0° and 180°, probably owing to the onset of larger scale random motion of the flip axis.
Solid‐state 31P NMR characterization of bifunctional ion‐exchange resins
Authors: Crick Darrell W. , Alexandratos Spiro D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNMR was used to provide evidence of site—site interactions in bifunctional polymers. A series of polymer‐supported phosphonic acid and phosphonate ester ligands was examined by solid‐state 31P NMR spectroscopy. Interaction between phosphonate monoethyl ester sites was demonstrated and disruption of this interaction by the addition of diethyl ester groups was shown. The effect of the synthesis conditions on the bifunctionality of resins containing both phosphonic acid and quaternary amine groups was examined. The spectra indicated that the phosphonic acid groups exists as phosphonate ions in the bifunctional amine/acid polymers and are capable of displacing chloride as the counterion on the amine sites.
Phase structure and polymorphism of highly syndiotactic polypropylene
Authors: Sozzani Piero , Simonutti Roberto , Comotti Angiolina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolymorphs of highly syndiotactic polypropylene were studied by magic angle spinning 13C NMR. The conversion of one crystalline form into another was observed by the formation of different conformers of the polymer chain. The reversion of the metastable forms to the conventional crystalline phase was followed directly by variable‐temperature experiments and the addition of plasticizers. The multiplicity of signals associated with these structures were fully assigned in terms of trans,gauche conformations, by taking into account a sequence of four bonds in the main chain. Additional signals due to the packing of helical chains of opposite chirality are discussed in terms of the packing disorder present in the structure. The spectral pattern due to the amorphous region depends on temperature and thermal history, because the chain sequences can be observed under conditions of static and dynamic disorder as compared with the NMR time‐scale. The chains are fairly elongated, because they contain a considerable amount of trans sequences. Phase distribution and interfaces were characterized by hydrogen relaxation times in the rotating frame T1pH. Phase specificity was retained by recovering the magnetization on the 13C nucleus under high‐resolution conditions. Apparently spin diffusion cannot average out the T1pH value over the whole material when the thickness of the crystalline lemellae is increased by the annealing treatment. In the stretched material crystalline and amorphous phases are intimate and the chains in the amorphous phase also appear to be partly extended.
Domain structure and dynamic heterogeneities of a polyethylene acid ionomer by two‐dimensional solid‐state NMR
Authors: Chin Y.‐H. , Kaplan S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo‐dimensional wideline separation (WISE) NMR spectroscopy was employed to investigate the microscopic domain structure of an ethylene‐containing acid ionomer, poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid). Crystallinities were determined from deconvolution of the proton dimension lineshapes, and domain sizes were computed from proton spin diffusion behavior. The time‐scale for spin diffusion between the acid groups and the amorphous regions is less than 1 ms, because the methacrylic acid groups are situated in the amorphous domains. On the other hand, communication between amorphous and crystalline domains requires several milliseconds, consistent with crystalline domain sizes of ca 4 nm. The presence of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonded cross‐linking is clearly detected by the broad proton linewidth associated with the rigid methacrylic acid groups. It is shown that imbibed hexadecane, which strongly plasticizes the amorphous regions of the copolymer, has little effect on crystallinity, crystalline domain sizes or cross‐link sites.
Exchange kinetics by inversion transfer: Integrated analysis of the phosphorus metabolite kinetic exchanges in resting human skeletal muscle at 7 T
Authors: Ren Jimin , Yang Baolian , Sherry A. Dean , Malloy Craig R. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo develop an inversion pulse‐based, chemical exchange saturation transfer‐like method for detection of 31P magnetization exchanges among all nuclear magnetic resonance visible metabolites suitable for providing an integrated kinetic analysis of phosphorus exchange reactions in vivo.MethodsThe exchange kinetics by inversion transfer (EKIT) sequence includes application of a frequency‐selective inversion pulse arrayed over the range of relevant 31P frequencies, followed by a constant delay and a hard readout pulse. A series of EKIT spectra, each given by a plot of Z‐magnetization for each metabolite of interest versus frequency of the inversion pulse, can be generated from this single data set.ResultsEKIT spectra reflect chemical exchange due to known biochemical reactions, cross‐relaxation effects, and relayed magnetization transfers due to both processes. The rate constants derived from EKIT data collected on resting human skeletal muscle were: ATP synthesis via ATP synthase (0.050 ± 0.016 s−1), ATP synthesis via creatine kinase (0.264 ± 0.023 s−1), and cross‐relaxation between neighboring spin pairs within ATP (0.164 ± 0.022 s−1).ConclusionEKIT provides a simple, alternative method to detect chemical exchange, cross relaxation, and relayed magnetization transfer effects in human skeletal muscle at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 73:1359–1369, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The functional diversity of protein lysine methylation
Authors: Lanouette Sylvain , Mongeon Vanessa , Figeys Daniel , Couture Jean‐François 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLarge‐scale characterization of post‐translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, has highlighted their importance in the regulation of a myriad of signaling events. While high‐throughput technologies have tremendously helped cataloguing the proteins modified by these PTMs, the identification of lysine‐methylated proteins, a PTM involving the transfer of one, two or three methyl groups to the ε‐amine of a lysine side chain, has lagged behind. While the initial findings were focused on the methylation of histone proteins, several studies have recently identified novel non‐histone lysine‐methylated proteins. This review provides a compilation of all lysine methylation sites reported to date. We also present key examples showing the impact of lysine methylation and discuss the circuitries wired by this important PTM.
Low‐cost and high‐performance: VoIP monitoring and full‐data retention at multi‐Gb/s rates using commodity hardware
Authors: García‐Dorado José Luis , Santiago del Río Pedro M. , Ramos Javier , Muelas David , Moreno Victor , López de Vergara Jorge E. , Aracil Javier 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYVoice over IP (VoIP) is increasingly replacing the old public switched telephone network (PSTN) technology. In this new scenario, there are several challenges for VoIP providers. First, VoIP requires a detailed monitoring of both users' quality of service (QoS) and experience (QoE) to a greater extent than in traditional PSTNs. Second, such a monitoring process must be able to track VoIP traffic in high‐speed networks, nowadays typically of multi‐Gb/s rates. Third, recent government directives require that providers retain information from their users' calls. Similarly, the convergence of data and voice services allows operators to provide new services such as full‐data retention, in which users' calls can be recorded for either quality assessment (call centers, QoE) or security purposes (lawful interception). This implies a significant investment in infrastructure, especially in large‐scale networks which require multiple points of measurement and redundancy. This paper proposes a novel methodology, architecture and system to fulfill such challenges, called VoIPCallMon, as well as the data structures and necessary hardware‐tuning knowledge for its development. As distinguishing features, VoIPCallMon provides very high performance, being able to process VoIP traffic on‐the‐fly at high bitrates, novel services and significant cost reduction by using commodity hardware with minimal interference with operational VoIP networks. The performance evaluation shows that the system copes with the VoIP load of real‐world operators. We further evaluated the system performance at a fully saturated 10 Gb/s link and no packet loss was reported, therefore demonstrating the potential of commodity hardware solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computational framework for dynamic data‐driven material damage control, based on Bayesian inference and model selection
Authors: Prudencio E. E. , Bauman P. T. , Faghihi D. , Ravi‐Chandar K. , Oden J. T. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIn the present study, a general dynamic data‐driven application system (DDDAS) is developed for real‐time monitoring of damage in composite materials using methods and models that account for uncertainty in experimental data, model parameters, and in the selection of the model itself. The methodology involves (i) data data from uniaxial tensile experiments conducted on a composite material; (ii) continuum damage mechanics based material constitutive models; (iii) a Bayesian framework for uncertainty quantification, calibration, validation, and selection of models; and (iv) general Bayesian filtering, as well as Kalman and extended Kalman filters. A software infrastructure is developed and implemented in order to integrate the various parts of the DDDAS. The outcomes of computational analyses using the experimental data prove the feasibility of the Bayesian‐based methods for model calibration, validation, and selection. Moreover, using such DDDAS infrastructure for real‐time monitoring of the damage and degradation in materials results in results in an improved prediction of failure in the system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjusting for misclassification in a stratified biomarker clinical trial
Authors: Liu Chunling , Liu Aiyi , Hu Jiang , Yuan Vivian , Halabi Susan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractClinical trials utilizing predictive biomarkers have become a research focus in personalized medicine. We investigate the effects of biomarker misclassification on the design and analysis of stratified biomarker clinical trials. For a variety of inference problems including marker–treatment interaction in particular, we show that marker misclassification may have profound adverse effects on the coverage of confidence intervals, power of the tests, and required sample sizes. For each inferential problem, we propose methods to adjust for the classification errors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaik als funktionale oder gebäudeintegrierte Fassadenelemente
Authors: Zapfe Cedrik 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBedingt durch die Einspeisetarife des erneuerbare Energien Gesetzes (EEG) war die Realisierung von Photovoltaikanlagen auf und an Gebäuden eher ein von Investoren betriebenes Geschäft. Mit dem deutlichen Rückgang der Systempreise in den zurückliegenden Jahren gewinnt der Eigenverbrauch des erzeugten Solarstroms zunehmend an Bedeutung. Photovoltaikanlagen können in herkömmlicher Weise an der Außenhülle von Gebäuden befestigt werden oder als Teil der Bauwerkshülle eingesetzt werden. In beiden Anwendungsfällen können dabei auch bauphysikalische Aspekte wie Beschattung und Blendschutz übernommen werden. In integrierter Form ergeben sich interessante wirtschaftliche Aspekte, da die Kosten der kompensierten Außenhülle entfallen.Functional or building‐integrated photovoltaic façade elements. Due to the feed‐in‐tariffs according to the Renewable Energy Source Act, the realization of solar plants on buildings or at buildings used to be mainly a business for investors. As the system prices kept falling significantly in the last few years, self‐consumption of solar power is getting increasingly important. Solar plants can be fastened to the building envelope in the usual way, or can also be used as a part of the building envelope. In both cases of application, solar plants can also fulfill structural‐physical tasks like shading and glare shielding. With building‐integrated solar plants, there are interesting economic aspects, as the solar plant lowers the costs of the building envelope by replacing a part of it.
Licht in der Schule von Hans Scharoun
Authors: Spital‐Frenking Oskar , Ewer Andreas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDie Scharoun‐Schule in Lünen ist eines der wertvollsten Denkmale der Bundesrepublik. Die kulturelle Bedeutung dieser Anlage zu verstehen war Teil des Projektes; sie zu erhalten, zu bewahren und ihr eine Zukunft zu geben, das Ziel. In den Jahren 2009 bis 2013 wurde die Schule, die zwischen 1956 und 1962 vom Architekten Hans Scharoun erbaut wurde, von der Stadt Lünen und der Wüstenrot Stiftung denkmalgerecht baulich instandgesetzt und energetisch saniert. Die Maßnahme wurde von Bund und Land gefördert.Light in Hans Scharoun school. The Hans Scharoun School in the town of Lünen is one of the most valuable monument of Germany. The objective was the cultural understanding and preservation of the site. In 2009 to 2013 the school was renovated and energetically improved by the town of Lünen and the Wüstenrot foundation.
Aviary: Interaktive Lichtstelen in Dubai – Tragfähigkeit bei stoßartiger Beanspruchung
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Jungjohann Hauke , Schula Sebastian , Schneider Jens 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn einem Einkaufszentrum in Dubai steht die permanente Licht‐ und Akustikinstallation Aviary. Diese Glasinstallation ist berührungsempfindlich, so dass Passanten spielerisch und interaktiv Ton‐ und Lichtkompositionen erzeugen können. Aviary besteht aus 30 bis zu vier Meter hohen Borosilikatglasstelen, von denen jede mit einer berührungsempfindlichen Folie, einem Lichtkern und einem Akustiksockel ausgestattet ist. Die frei aus dem Boden kragenden Glasrohre sind im Sockelbereich durch ein elastomeres Gießharz mit einem ummantelnden Stahlrohr verbunden. Numerische Detailberechnungen und experimentelle Nachweise wurden zur Überprüfung der Tragfähigkeit gegenüber Stoßbelastung verwendet. Die Rohre weisen innen eine Polyurethanbeschichtung auf, welche das Nachbruchverhalten verbessert.Aviary: Light and acoustic installation in Dubai – resistance against impact loads. Aviary is a permanent light and acoustic installation located in a shopping mall in Dubai. The glass installation is touch sensitive, so that passersby can create playful and interactive sound and light compositions. Aviary consists of 30 borosilicate glass tubes up to 4 m high. Each tube is equipped with a touch film, a light core and an acoustic base. Each cantilevering glass tube is connected with an elastic polymer to a surrounding steel tube at the base. Detailed numerical calculations and experimental tests were conducted to verify the resistance against impact loads. The tubes are polyurethane coated on the inside to improve the post‐failure behavior.
Kunststoffe für den Einsatz als hochbelastbares Klotzungsmaterial
Authors: Ebert Jan , Weller Bernhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDer Beitrag beschreibt Materialuntersuchungen an Kunststoffen hinsichtlich der Eignung als hochbelastbares Klotzungsmaterial. An einer Auswahl von zehn potenziell geeigneten Kunststoffen werden Materialeigenschaften unter Zug‐ und Druckbeanspruchung, bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und unter Langzeitbelastung gegenübergestellt. Anhand der Ergebnisse werden Empfehlungen zur Eignung getroffen und Einsatzgrenzen der Kunststoffe aufgezeigt.Plastics as high‐loaded blocking materials. The article describes material tests on plastics for the use in high mechanical loaded blockings. With a selection of ten potential capable thermoplastics the material properties for short time load under tension and compression by several temperatures and for long time load will be compared. On the basis of this material tests a recommendation for the use of this thermoplastics in high loaded blockings and a limitation of use will be given.
Stabilitätsanalysen im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Pankratz Maria , Simmert Robert , Hildebrand Jörg 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn der Architektur wird nach immer filigraneren und leichteren Tragwerken aus transparenten Konstruktionselementen verlangt. Aktuelle Beispiele zeigen, dass der Werkstoff Glas lastabtragende Funktionen in Stützen, Trägern oder Wandscheiben übernehmen kann. Durch die sehr hohe Schlankheit dieser Glaselemente ist die Tragfähigkeit in vielen Fällen aufgrund von Stabilitätskriterien begrenzt. Es existieren Konzepte, um Knicken von Glasstützen, Biegedrillknicken von Glasträgern und Beulen von Glaswandscheiben mit Hilfe von beschreibenden Gleichungen zuverlässig zu analysieren. Gegenüberstellungen und Bewertungen der verschiedenen Konzepte mit experimentellen Daten werden für Stützen‐, Träger‐ und Wandscheibenkonstruktionen aus Einfach‐ und Verbundgläsern durchgeführt.Stability analysis of glass structures. In architecture there is an increasing demand for more and more filigree and lighter transparent structural elements. Current examples demonstrate that the glass is able to transfer loads in columns, beams or shear walls. Due to the very high slenderness of these glass elements, the load bearing capacity is in many cases limited by the stability criteria. There are already concepts which allow reliable analyses based on equations that describe the buckling of glass columns, torsional buckling of glass beams and bulging of glass shear walls. Different concepts are evaluated and compared with experimental data in case of monolithic and laminated glass structures.
Glas im Hochwasserschutz von Innenstädten
Authors: Heyder Frank , Paulu Franziska 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGlas im Hochwasserschutz hat mit dem Hochwasser im Frühjahr 2013 erneut an Aktualität gewonnen. Glaswände könnten vielerorts vorhandene Vorbehalte und Widerstände gegen innerstädtische dauerhafte Schutzwände entkräften. Für den Hochwasserschutz ist die Aufnahme von Anpralllasten aus Treibgut ein wesentliches Kriterium. Für Bürger und Architekten muss sich die Hochwasserschutzwand optisch den historisch gewachsenen Stadtkernen anpassen und die Beziehung zwischen Stadt und Fluss so wenig wie möglich stören. Anhand der Glaswand für Warnemünde wird gezeigt, dass moderne Hochwasserschutzkonstruktionen aus laminierten Gläsern nicht nur robust und sicher, sondern auch in hoher architektonischer Qualität ausführbar sind.Glass for flood protection of inner cities. Glass for flood protection has a revival with the flood in spring 2013. Glass walls can overcome the reluctance against rigid protective walls in inner cities. For planners, the resistance against flotsam is an essential factor. For citizens and architects, the flood protection has to fit in the historic center. The relation between waterfront and river must not be disturbed. The Warnemünde project shows: Flood protection with laminated glass walls is robust, save and of high architectural quality.