bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technique review and early outcomes
Authors: Bohman Leif-Erik , Pierce John , Stephen James H. , Sandhu Sukhmeet , Lee John Y. K. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Fully endoscopicmicrovascular decompression (E-MVD) of the trigeminal nerve was initially described more than 1 decade ago, but has not yet gained wide acceptance. The authors present the experience of their first 47 consecutive E-MVDs for trigeminal neuralgia (TN).

Methods
All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (J.Y.K.L.) at the Pennsylvania Hospital at the University of Pennsylvania. Patients prospectively completed pain scales before and after surgery by using the Brief Pain Inventory–Facial outcomes tool. All patients were called on the telephone, and the same outcome tool was administered without reference to their preoperative pain status.

Results
Forty-seven patients (17 men) were identified and enrolled. Forty (85%) had Burchiel Type 1 TN. Vascular compression was observed at surgery in 42 patients (89%). No surgery was aborted or converted to microscope. One patient suffered permanent hearing loss, for a permanent neurological morbidity rate of 2%. Overall improvement in pain outcomes was excellent, with a median maximum pain intensity preoperatively of 10 and postoperatively of 0 (p< 0.0001). The mean interference with global function scores were 6.2 preoperatively and reduced to 1.0 at last follow-up (p < 0.0001). The mean interference with facial function was 7.3 preoperatively and reduced to 1.2 at last follow-up (p < 0.0001). The mean follow-up period after surgery was 15 ± 8 months.

Conclusions
In experienced hands, E-MVD offers superb visualization and illumination and is both safe and effective, at least in the short term. Further longer-term study is needed to compare E-MVD to traditional microscopic MVD.
Surgical outcomes after endoscopic management of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex: a systematic review
Authors: Eytan Danielle F. , Kshettry Varun R. , Sindwani Raj , Woodard Troy D. , Recinos Pablo F. 
Published: October 2014

Object
Endoscopic endonasal treatment of petrous apex cholesterol granulomas allows for a natural drainage pathway into the nasopharynx. Because of the limited number of case series in the literature, there is limited evidence of recurrence rates and outcomes following endoscopic endonasal management. The purpose of this study was to determine the surgical outcomes of endoscopic endonasal approaches in the treatment of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed for articles published from January 1980 to April 2014 to identify all studies reporting outcomes for endoscopic endonasal surgical management of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex. Operative approach, use of a stent, symptom outcome, restenosis, cyst recurrence, reoperation, and complications were extracted from included studies.

Results
A total of 53 patient cases were included from 22 relevant studies. The mean age was 41 years, and 26 patients (49%) were female. Stents were used in 45.1% of cases. Symptom resolution or improvement was seen in 98.6% of cases at follow-up (mean follow-up 20 months). Complications were reported in 13.2% of cases, with the most common complication being epistaxis. Restenosis on follow-up office endoscopic examination occurred in 9 of 45 cases (20.0%). Only 4 of these restenosis cases resulted in symptomatic cyst recurrence, resulting in an overall recurrence rate of 7.5%. The mean time from surgery to cyst recurrence was 13.5 months. The rate of symptomatic cyst recurrence was 10.7% in cases without the use of a stent compared with 4.3% in cases with stent placement (p = 0.6).

Conclusions
Based on current literature, endoscopic endonasal approaches result in a high rate of symptom improvement or resolution. Complication rates are lower than prior case series that have utilized open approaches. Asymptomatic restenosis can be managed conservatively, since it is associated with symptomatic cyst recurrence less than half of the time. This study revealed a nonsignificant trend toward a decrease in symptomatic cyst recurrence when a stent was used, but further work is needed to clarify its impact.
La mémoire volontaire de l'écrivain médiéval : aspects et enjeux de la remembrance
Authors: Fasseur Valérie 
Published: October 2014

Nulle civilisation peut-être plus que le Moyen Âge central européen n’a fondé sa production artistique et littéraire sur l’acte de remembrance , c’est-à-dire sur le recours volontaire à la mémoire : mémoire volontaire des sources passées, récrites et dotées d’un sens nouveau, mémoire des œuvres des prédécesseurs, menacées d’oubli, sollicitation de la mémoire du lecteur par des agencements textuels inspirés des arts de mémoire, telles sont les diverses manières, complémentaires, de l’écrivain médiéval, qui ne peut concevoir de « faire chose nouvelle » sans fort ancrage dans le passé.
Migratory Behavior of Chinook Salmon Microjacks Reared in Artificial and Natural Environments
Authors: Hayes Michael C. , Rubin Stephen P. , Reisenbichler Reginald R. , Wetzel Lisa A. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Emigration was evaluated for hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) microjacks (age-1 mature males) and immature parr (age-1 juveniles, both sexes) released from both a hatchery and a natural stream (fish released as fry). In the hatchery, volitional releases (∼14 to 15 months post-fertilization) to an adjacent river occurred during October–November. The hatchery release was monitored by using an experimental volitional release that diverted fish to a neighboring raceway. Fish captured during the experimental release (range 361–4,321 volitional migrants) were made up of microjacks and immature parr. Microjacks were found only in the migrant samples, averaged 18% (range 0–52%) of all migrants, and were rarely found in non-migrant samples. In comparison, immature parr were common in both the migrant and non-migrant samples. Microjacks were significantly longer (9%), heavier (36%), and had a greater condition factor (16%) than migrant immature parr (P &lt; 0.01). In addition, they differed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) from non-migrant immature parr; 10% longer, 44% heavier and 14% greater condition factor. In natural streams, microjacks were captured significantly earlier (P &lt; 0.01) than immature parr during the late-summer/fall migration and comprised 9–89% of all fish captured. Microjacks have the potential to contribute to natural spawning populations but can also represent a loss of productivity to hatchery programs or create negative effects by introducing non-native genes to wild populations and should be monitored by fishery managers.
« Tout a un maître » : possession individuelle, usage communautaire de la nature et gestion environnementale participative dans la réserve extractiviste ‘Quilombo do Frechal’ (Brésil)
Authors: Tassan Manuela 
Published: October 2014

En adoptant une perspective anthropologique, cet article essaie de montrer comment certaines formes d'appropriation individuelle et d’usage communautaire de la nature peuvent non seulement coexister, mais constituer également un élément important d'identification sociale au sein d’une « communauté traditionnelle » de l’Amazonie brésilienne. Le texte attire également l’attention sur les conséquences que pourraient avoir l’adoption d’une approche qui n’envisage pas ou qui méconnaît le rôle de la possession individuelle de la nature. L’article suggère qu’une approche stéréotypée ou idéologique du concept d’« usage commun » peut avoir des répercussions inattendues et problématiques sur le processus de mise en œuvre d’aires protégées établies dans un but social et environnemental, telles que les réserves extractivistes. En soutenant une gestion partagée entre le gouvernement et les communautés locales, ce type de réserves brésiliennes fut créé principalement pour protéger et valoriser les relations coutumières des humains avec le territoire. Dans cet article, l’auteure analyse le cas de la Reserva Extrativista Quilombo do Frechal (Maranhão, Brésil), habitée par une communauté de descendants d’esclaves africains (quilombo), qui se consacre essentiellement à une agriculture de subsistance sur brûlis (slash and burn).
L’art contemporain au prisme des biotechnologies
Authors: Voison Catherine 
Published: October 2014

En utilisant la matière biologique comme outil et matériau de leurs productions, les bio-artistes reconfigurent la nature in vivo et réalisent en laboratoires des entités vivantes inédites. La manipulation et la transformation, des organismes naturels, qu’ils soient microscopiques (à l’état de cellules) ou non, permettent à ces artistes d’établir de nouveaux rapports entre l’homme et le milieu vivant, et rendent de plus en plus complexe le sens que nous accordons au mot « nature » ou à ses occurrences. Toutefois, les organismes vivants renaturés par les artistes sont autant d’incarnations du pire et/ou du meilleur des mondes. En marge de toute recherche appliquée à la médecine et à l’industrie, les altérités biologiques qui sortent des coulisses de la science pour être exposées dans le monde de l’art, anticipent non sans risque, les conséquences sociales et environnementales de l’artificialisation des mécanismes naturels de la vie.
De l’usage postcolonial de l’archive. Quelques pistes de réflexion
Authors: Pinçonnat Crystel 
Published: October 2014

En guise d’introduction au dossier « De l’usage postcolonial de l’archive » proposé dans ce numéro d’Amnis, cet article présente les différentes contributions qui ont été réunies autour de la question, tout en les insérant dans une réflexion plus générale. À partir d’elles, il s’agit en effet d’ouvrir quelques pistes pour penser les différentes façons dont sont utilisées les archives dans une perspective postcoloniale par les artistes contemporains, écrivains au premier chef, mais aussi cinéastes et plasticiens.
Factors influencing decisions on delay claims in construction contracts for Indian scenario
Authors: Chaphalkar Nitin Balkrishna , Iyer K. C. 
Published: October 2014

Construction industry in India is second largest next to agriculture. In current era of infrastructure development construction projects occupy a key position. In any construction project contract time and cost overrun is a common feature, which gives rise to claims leading to disputes. These disputes if not handled properly tend to consume time and money of all parties to the contract. To resolve the dispute in optimum time, it is essential to understand the root cause of disputes as early as possible. Hence there is a need of analyzing the disputes scientifically. The present study reveals from the study of arbitration awards that the causes for delay claims can be grouped in domains and the probable decisions to the disputes can be traced through the probing questions considered by decision makers. This paper attempts to identify questions related to disputes for Indian scenario through literature, arbitration awards, court cases and discussions with professionals.
The Implementation of the NDIS: Who Wins, Who Loses?
Authors: Green Jenny , Mears Jane 
Published: October 2014

The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a major paradigm shift in funding and support for people with disability in Australia. It is a person centered model that has at its core a change in government funding away from service providers direct to individuals with disability. In principle it is heralded as a major step forward in disability rights. Nonetheless, the implementation poses threats as well as benefits. This paper outlines potential threats or risks from the perspective of not-for-profit organisations, workers in the sector and most importantly people with disability. It draws on a range of recent reports on the sector, person centered models of funding and care, the NDIS and past experience. Its purpose is to forewarn the major issues so that implementers can be forearmed.
Intimations of the Holocaust from the Recollections of Early Childhood:
Authors: Stević Aleksandar 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nostalgia, we are told, is in the business of idealizing the past. Because nostalgia is routinely associated with the falsification and distortion of memory, any discussion about its role in Holocaust representation is fraught with ethical concerns. What purpose can nostalgic sentimentality serve in evoking the reality of the genocide? This essay argues that nostalgia's power to falsify, distort, and sentimentalize the past can be productively and self-consciously mobilized to explore the mechanisms of both remembrance and suppression of memory. As I demonstrate through the readings of Danilo Kiš's Family Circus and Christa Wolf's Patterns of Childhood, because nostalgia raises questions about the possibility of recovering the past, about the dynamics of projection and recuperation, and about the continuity of the self, fictional texts stage nostalgic homecomings precisely in order to confront the realities of both Jewish persecution and Nazification. Nostalgia, in other words, serves not only as mechanism for working through traumatic memories, but as a catalyst for a critical examination of the past.
Growth and Equity in Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Darvas Peter , Ballal Sonali , Feda Kedebe 
Published: October 2014

This study represents a first report of a regional cross-country analysis of patterns in equity and growth in tertiary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. In it, we analyse country-level surveys and regional statistics to see how expansion affected equity, how equity is explained by household characteristics and other factors, and what the intrinsic characteristics of the tertiary education system are that influence equity. Data show that in many instances, Sub-Saharan African countries fall behind other regions in terms of equity; and whereas some policies, such as diversification and more equitable pre-tertiary education can help, more efforts and more effective policies need to be introduced to make the system more equitable. The report argues that growth itself will not necessarily lead to improved equity and more equitable access to tertiary education can help the sector in achieving its higher-level objectives, including its contribution to competitiveness and prosperity. Cette étude constitue le premier rapport d’une analyse de l’équité et de la croissance de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique sub-saharienne. Nous analysons des enquêtes nationales et des statistiques régionales pour montrer la manière dont la croissance affecte l’équité, comment l’équité peut être expliquée par les caractéristiques des ménages ainsi que par d’autres facteurs et quels facteurs propres au système d’enseignement supérieur influencent l’équité. Les données montrent que, dans de nombreux cas, les pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne sont en retard par rapport à ceux d’autres régions en ce qui concerne l’équité. Tandis que certaines mesures politiques, comme diversifier l’enseignement supérieur ou rendre les enseignements primaire et secondaire plus équitables, peuvent aider, des efforts plus importants et des mesures politiques plus efficaces doivent être mis en place pour rendre le système plus équitable. Ce rapport soutient que la croissance ne conduira pas forcément à l’amélioration de l’équité et qu’un accès plus équitable à l’enseignement supérieur peut aider le secteur à atteindre ses objectifs les plus ambitieux, notamment contribuer à la compétitivité et la prospérité du pays et de la région.
The Regionalisation, Internationalisation, and Globalisation of African Higher Education
Authors: Sehoole Chika , De Wit Hans 
Published: October 2014

The landscape of international higher education has been changing since the turn of the 21st century. The globalisation of our societies and economies implies a changing role of the higher education institutions. Accompanying the challenges associated with development, especially in developing countries, are initiatives championing regionalisation as a locus of development. This article positions the debate on the relationships among globalisation, regionalisation, and internationalisation in the context of Africa and its sub-continent, showing that, although these concepts have emerged at different times and contexts, they are still related. Using case studies of two regional political and economic organisations and their higher education counterparts, this article shows that regionalisation is not a new phenomenon but has been part of and has been used in the post-colonial era to serve new social, economic, political, and development purposes in the current period. Le monde de l’enseignement supérieur n’a cessé de changer depuis le début du XXIème siècle. La mondialisation de nos sociétés et de nos économies a pour conséquence une modification du rôle joué par les établissements d’enseignement supérieur. Les défis posés par cette évolution sont, en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement, associés à des initiatives soutenant la régionalisation comme locus de développement. Cet article centre le débat sur la relation entre la mondialisation, la régionalisation et l’internationalisation dans le contexte de l’Afrique et de son sous-continent, et démontre que, bien que ces concepts soient apparus à différentes époques et dans des contextes variés, ils sont encore liés. Cet article s’appuie sur une étude de cas de deux organisations régionales politiques et économiques et de leurs équivalents dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur pour montrer que le concept de régionalisation n’est pas un phénomène nouveau, mais qu’il a fait partie de et a été utilisé pendant l’époque postcoloniale pour satisfaire de nouveaux objectifs sociaux, économiques, politiques et de développement.
Variazioni e creatività nelle auto-traduzioni ungarettiane
Authors: La Rosa Giuliana 
Published: October 2014

« Pourquoi traduit-on alors, me demanderez-vous? Pourquoi est-ce que moi-même je traduis? Simplement pour faire une œuvre originale de poésie. » Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888-1970) è un poeta italiano di respiro internazionale, il quale vanta moltissime collaborazioni con riviste di tutto il mondo, nonché numerose traduzioni di svariati autori europei. Il mio saggio indagherà le modalità di traduzione utilizzate da Ungaretti, volte ad una totale reinterpretazione del testo originale e ad una riscrittura dello stesso come un’opera originale di poesia. Nel saggio verrà altresì analizzato l’inedito ruolo di Ungaretti come scrittore, mediatore, nonché reclutatore di talenti per la rivista parigina Commerce, e verrà analizzato un componimento in particolare, frutto di questa esperienza, intitolato “L’isola” (L’île) e pubblicato per la prima volta in italiano con traduzione francese a fronte proprio su Commerce. Utilizzerò questo testo come esempio per dimostrare come Ungaretti consideri la traduzione non come calco più o meno fedele all’originale, bensì come una vera e propria riscrittura dell’opera di partenza. Questo testo assume particolare rilievo proprio perché un’auto-traduzione, e mette in evidenza il processo traduttivo ungarettiano.
La soif de certitude et la peur du chaos dans la réforme du droit des contrats
Authors: Paquin Julie 
Published: October 2014

Cet article aborde l’étude des débats ayant entouré l’adoption du Code civil du Québec comme des lieux d’expression de luttes relatives à la redéfinition ou à la réaffirmation de la doxa de la communauté juridique québécoise. Il se fonde sur une analyse rhétorique des stratégies argumentaires développées par le Barreau et la Chambre des notaires du Québec devant la Sous-commission des institutions relativement à l’étude de l’avant-projet de loi sur les obligations, à l’automne 1988, dans le but d’en dégager les représentations sous-jacentes et de rendre compte du caractère acceptable des orientations législatives préconisées. Les débats parlementaires permettent ainsi de mettre en lumière la vision des rapports entre droit privé et rapports économiques qui sous-tend les arguments énoncés par les ordres professionnels.
L’autopsie d’une crise de légitimité
Authors: Jean Mathieu 
Published: October 2014

Si l’affrontement entre le mouvement étudiant et le gouvernement libéral du Québec a pris une forme exacerbée au printemps 2012, c’est parce que l’ordre juridique incarné par le mouvement étudiant était en mesure d’opposer au gouvernement, qui tentait de le supprimer, une contre-légitimité puisée dans la démocratie directe ainsi que dans des pratiques réflexives et contre-hégémoniques. Le choc entre ces deux ordres juridiques a conduit à une crise de légitimité qui n’a finalement été résolue que par le ressourcement de la légitimité de l’État à travers le processus électoral. Ce type de sortie de crise a permis à l’État d’opposer sa prétention à l’universalité à un mouvement social fondé avant tout sur une rationalité communicationnelle intersubjective et qui laissait présager la recomposition d’un sujet politique oppositionnel.
Regions of ion energization observed during the Galaxy‐15 substorm with TWINS
Authors: Keesee A. M. , Chen M. W. , Scime E. E. , Lui A. T. Y. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIons in the plasma sheet are measured by the energetic neutral atom imagers on the Two Wide‐Angle Imaging Neutral‐Atom Spectrometers (TWINS) spacecraft. A line of sight (LOS) projection is used to determine the location of the ions that dominate the measured spectrum, assuming that the equatorial plane is the hottest region along the LOS. We verify reasonable agreement between ion spectral shapes measured using this remote measurement technique and in situ measurements from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft during two moderate geomagnetic storms. Conditions for reliable use of this technique to determine ion spectra and effective ion temperatures are identified. The technique is applied to the substorm interval associated with the loss of communication with the Galaxy‐15 satellite. During this interval, localized and broad regions of ion energization are observed, demonstrating that magnetic reconnection and current disruption may have played a role during this very extreme event. These observations demonstrate the ability of this technique to cast local ion spectra measurements in a global context.
Cationic Vesicles Based on Amphiphilic Pillar[5]arene Capped with Ferrocenium: A Redox‐Responsive System for Drug/siRNA Co‐Delivery
Authors: Chang Yincheng , Yang Kui , Wei Peng , Huang Sisi , Pei Yuxin , Zhao Wei , Pei Zhichao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA novel ferrocenium capped amphiphilic pillar[5]arene (FCAP) was synthesized and self‐assembled to cationic vesicles in aqueous solution. The cationic vesicles, displaying low cytotoxicity and significant redox‐responsive behavior due to the redox equilibrium between ferrocenium cations and ferrocenyl groups, allow building an ideal glutathione (GSH)‐responsive drug/siRNA co‐delivery system for rapid drug release and gene transfection in cancer cells in which higher GSH concentration exists. This is the first report of redox‐responsive vesicles assembled from pillararenes for drug/siRNA co‐delivery; besides enhancing the bioavailability of drugs for cancer cells and reducing the adverse side effects for normal cells, these systems can also overcome the drug resistance of cancer cells. This work presents a good example of rational design for an effective stimuli‐responsive drug/siRNA co‐delivery system.