bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 gene expression
Authors: Choi H J , Kim J Y , Lim S‐C , Kim G , Yun H J , Choi H S 
Published: August 2015

Background and PurposeDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an aminopeptidase that is widely expressed in different cell types. Recent studies suggested that DPP4 plays an important role in tumour progression in several human malignancies. Here we have examined the mechanisms by which up‐regulation of DPP4 expression causes epithelial transformation and mammary tumourigenesis.Experimental ApproachExpression of DPP4 and the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA‐interacting 1 (PIN1), and the cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with sitagliptin and juglone were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, real‐time PCR, TUNEL and soft agar assays, using MCF7 cells. The effects of sitagliptin on tumour development in vivo were studied in the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model.Key ResultsActivity of the transcription factor E2F1 induced by EGF was enhanced by DPP4, thus increasing PIN1 expression. Furthermore, DPP4 enhanced MEK/ERK and JNK/c‐Jun signalling induced by EGF, inducing AP‐1 activity and epithelial cell transformation. In contrast, DPP4 silencing or DPP4 inhibition in MCF7 cells inhibited PIN1 expression via E2F1 activity induced by EGF, decreasing colony formation and inducing DNA fragmentation. In the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model, DPP4 overexpression increased tumour development, whereas treatment with sitagliptin and/or juglone suppressed it. Consistent with these observations, DPP4 levels were positively correlated with PIN1 expression in human breast cancer.Conclusions and ImplicationsDPP4 promoted EGF‐induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.
Sequential Healing at Implants with Different Configuration and Modified Surfaces: An Experimental Study in the Dog
Authors: Schweikert Michael T. , Botticelli Daniele , Sbricoli Luca , Antunes Antonio , Favero Vittorio , Salata Luiz A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the peri‐implant soft and hard tissue adaptation at implants with different modified surfaces and configurations.Materials and MethodsSix Beagle dogs were used. Mandibular premolars and first molars were extracted bilaterally. After 3 months, full‐thickness flaps were elevated, and two different types of trans‐mucosal implants (ICX‐Gold®, Medentis Medical GmbH, Dernau, Germany and SLActive®, Institute Straumann, Bern, Switzerland) and two different surfaces were randomly installed in the distal regions of one side of the mandible. Abutments were applied, and a nonsubmerged healing was allowed. After 1 month, the procedures were performed in the other side of the mandible, and after a further month, the animals were sacrificed, biopsies were collected, and ground sections prepared for histological examination.ResultsSimilar results in marginal bone and soft tissues dimensions were observed after 1 month of healing at the two implant systems used, and no major changes could be observed after 2 months of healing. After 1 month, the percentage of new bone was 69.0% and 68.8% at ICX‐Gold and SLActive surfaces, respectively. After 2 months, the percentage of new bone was 67.8% and 71.9% at ICX‐Gold Medentis and SLActive surfaces, respectively. No statistically significant differences in osseointegration were found.ConclusionThe two implant systems used resulted in similar osseointegration after 1 and 2 months of healing.
Decementation Rates and the Peri‐Implant Tissue Status of Implant‐Supported Fixed Restorations Retained via Zinc Oxide Cement: A Retrospective 10–23‐Year Study
Authors: Woelber Johan P , Ratka‐Krueger Petra , Vach Kirstin , Frisch Eberhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term data on clinical outcomes of restorations attached to implants via zinc oxide (ZnO) cement have been sparse.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate decementation rates and peri‐implant tissue status of implant‐supported fixed restorations retained by ZnO cement.Materials and MethodsBetween 1989 and 2003, 63 partially edentulous patients received 93 implants. Of these, 27 patients received 36 screwed single crowns (SC) and served as a control (C group). The other 36 patients had their restorations cemented using ZnO cement. They were subdivided into a SC group and a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) group. After between 10 and 23 years (mean: 13.22 ± 3.21), all decementation events and peri‐implant soft tissue status were evaluated using patient records.ResultsDecementation was assessed in 57 implants supporting 30 SCs and 16 FDPs. Five cases of decementation (8.77%) were recorded after a mean of 9.27 ± 7.05 years (range: 4.81–21.79). In the control group of vertically screwed SCs, five events of screw loosening (13.89%) were recorded in five patients (18.52%) after a mean of 5.84 ± 5.96 years (range: 0.56–15.05) within a 14.30 year observation period. No cases of peri‐implantitis were observed in any group. The mean values of periodontal probing depths and bleeding on probing (BOP+) were 3.74 mm and 31.58%, respectively, for ZnO‐cemented restorations, versus 3.76 mm and 25%, respectively, for the C group. No significant correlations regarding technical/biologic complications between the groups were detected.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, we conclude that the use of ZnO cement provides sufficient retention of implant‐supported fixed restorations over long periods without biologic complications in form of peri‐implantitis.
Shareholder Protection: The Role of Multiple Large Shareholders
Authors: Barroso Casado Raúl , Burkert Michael , Dávila Antonio , Oyon Daniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis paper addresses the effect of having multiple large shareholders on shareholder protection. More specifically, we examine to what extent this effect depends on whether such large shareholders are beneficiary or fiduciary.Research Findings/InsightsAnalyzing longitudinal, hand‐collected data covering Swiss listed companies, we find that having several large shareholders leads to overall higher shareholder protection (i.e. adoption of more formal corporate governance mechanisms). This is because large shareholders have an interest in putting more formal governance mechanisms in place when there is another large shareholder that might try to extract rents at the expense of others. Moreover, we find that this effect is driven by the presence of several beneficiary shareholders, i.e. shareholders that invest their own wealth in the company in contrast to dispersed ownership and fiduciary shareholders, i.e. shareholders acting on behalf of others.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsBuilding on recent developments in agency theory, this paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by empirically showing that potential “principal‐principal” conflicts among large shareholders lead to overall better shareholder protection in terms of more formal governance mechanisms being adopted. This finding contrasts with situations in which there is only one large shareholder that does not have an interest in strengthening formal corporate governance. Our findings imply, however, that the characteristics of the large shareholders matter: Fiduciary shareholders in the Swiss setting are mostly passive buy‐and‐hold shareholders and therefore do not engage extensively in improving shareholder protection. Beneficiary shareholders, in contrast, directly intervene in the governance of the firm (i.e. governance by voice), so that in the presence of multiple beneficiary shareholders, more formal governance mechanisms help to monitor not only management but the other large shareholders as well. In addition, more formal governance mechanisms serve as a platform to coordinate their diverging objectives.Practitioner ImplicationsWe demonstrate the influence of a second (or several) large beneficiary shareholder(s), on corporate governance and the benefit to all shareholders. In addition, we propose the strengthening of governance mechanisms as a platform to reconcile conflicting interests among prominent shareholders and contribute to the debate on the allocation of certain voting privileges to long‐term shareholders.
Peritumoral D2‐40 Chalkley score independently predicts metastases and survival in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Pastushenko Ievgenia , Vermeulen Peter B. , Vicente‐Arregui Sandra , Van den Eynden Gert G. , Alvarez‐Alegret Ramiro , Querol Ignacio , Rutten Annemie , Carapeto Francisco J. , Dirix Luc Y. , Van Laere Steven 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundMany observational studies investigated the prognostic significance of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in patients with melanoma. However, the obtained results are rather contradictory, probably due to the lack of the consensus methodology.MethodsTo investigate the prognostic significance of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis‐related parameters in patients with melanoma, we performed a retrospective investigation following the consensus recommendations for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis quantification in solid tumors and reporting recommendations for tumor marker (REMARK) criteria for reporting the results. Blood and lymphatic vessel Chalkley scores, endothelial cell proliferation fractions and microvessel densities were quantified using a double immunostaining for endothelial marker CD34 or lymphendothelial marker D240 and the proliferation marker Ki‐67 in 196 patients with melanoma. These parameters were evaluated separately for peritumoral (PT) and intratumoral areas and were correlated with outcome.ResultsIn multivariate analysis PT D240 Chalkley score was identified as a strongest predictor for sentinel lymph node metastases, non‐sentinel lymph node metastases, distant metastases, disease free survival and overall survival in patients with melanoma.ConclusionsIf additional studies corroborate our findings, we believe that the inclusion of PT D240 Chalkley counts to the routine pathology examination of melanoma samples would provide additional information for identifying high‐risk patients.
Differentiating confluent and reticulated papillomatosis from acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Park Young Joon , Kang Hee Young , Lee Eun‐So , Kim You Chan 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is an uncommon dermatosis with a reticular pattern. As differentiation between CRP and benign acanthosis nigricans (AN) can be challenging because of their similar clinicopathological features, we aimed to distinguish the two diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics of 60 CRP and 30 AN patients. Histological examinations were conducted on 33 CRP and 30 AN lesions.ResultsWhile CRP was concentrated on the trunk, AN mostly appeared in the axilla. In the AN group, the number of obese patients was higher, and acanthosis and papillomatosis were more evident. In both group, increases in Ki‐67 and keratin 16 expression were similar. Bacterial infection was detected at a higher rate in CRP lesions than in AN lesions.AN lesions had greater pigmentation because of a high number of melanocytes than CRP lesions.ConclusionsThe location of skin lesions and body mass index are the main clinical factors that enable differentiation between CRP and AN. The epidermal histological changes in CRP are milder than those in AN. AN lesions also showed a greater degree of pigmentation and melanocytic proliferation.
Pseudocheckerboard pattern: an interesting histopathological finding in mechanic's hands
Authors: Ito Ayako , Yamada Nanako , Yoshida Yuichi , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundMechanic's hands are a well‐known symptom often associated with dermatomyositis and are similar to hand eczema clinically. Histopathology of them usually shows hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, psoriasiform acanthosis, basal vacuolar changes and necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis and upper dermal mucin deposition. However, there have been few comparative histopathologic evaluations of mechanic's hands and palmoplantar eczema.MethodsWe evaluated the histopathology of mechanic's hands in 6 patients with dermatomyositis who visited our hospital between 2006 and 2014 comparing with histopathology of 27 patients with palmoplantar eczema, retrospectively.ResultsAs previously reported, hyperkeratosis, basal vacuolar change and necrotic keratinocytes were seen in all cases of mechanic's hands. Basal vacuolar change was not observed in any cases of palmoplantar eczema. Three cases of mechanic's hands demonstrated a characteristic finding, a pseudocheckerboard pattern, in the hyperkeratotic horny layer; there were areas of alternating parakeratosis and orthokeratosis in a vertical arrangement and these areas alternated with the completely orthokeratotic areas in a horizontal arrangement. This pattern has not been focused in mechanic's hands so far. Same pattern was also observed in four patients with palmoplantar eczema.Conclusion‘Pseudocheckerboard pattern’ was not specific but may be a possible diagnostic clue for mechanic's hands.
Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: a more aggressive neoplasm than previously estimated
Authors: Tardío Juan C. , Pinedo Fernando , Aramburu José A. , Suárez‐Massa Dolores , Pampín Ana , Requena Luis , Santonja Carlos 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) is a rare neoplasm sharing pathological features with atypical fibroxanthoma, but adding tumor necrosis, invasion beyond superficial subcutis or vascular or perineural infiltration. Although its metastatic risk has been estimated to be less than 5%, its real outcome is presently uncertain because of its rarity and to the lack of homogeneous criteria used in reported cases.MethodsRetrospective clinicopathological study of 18 cases of PDS.ResultsThe lesions presented as tumors or plaques (size: 7–70 mm) on the head of elderly patients (median: 81 years), without a gender predominance. Histopathologically, they consisted of spindle cells arranged in a fascicular pattern, containing pleomorphic epithelioid and giant multinucleated cells in varying proportions, and usually exhibiting numerous mitotic figures and infiltrative tumor margins. No immunoexpression for cytokeratins, S100 protein, desmin or CD34 was observed. Necrosis and venous invasion were found in three tumors each (17%). Follow‐up was available in 15 cases (median: 33 months). Three patients (20%) had local recurrences, all with incomplete primary surgical resections. Three patients (20%) developed distant metastases in the skin, regional lymph nodes and/or lungs and died from the disease.ConclusionOur data suggest that PDS may be a more aggressive neoplasm than previously estimated.
Environmental favourability as a cost‐efficient tool to estimate carrying capacity
Authors: Muñoz Antonio‐Román , Jiménez‐Valverde Alberto , Márquez Ana Luz , Moleón Marcos , Real Raimundo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe way in which environmental conditions determine the distribution and abundance of species is a crucial topic in ecology, biogeography and conservation. It is especially important to understand the nature of this relationship regarding threatened species. The ability to forecast local densities over the geographic range of species provides a way to link population ecology and biogeography. Particularly, our aim was to test whether predictions derived from species distribution modelling data provide useful information on spatial patterns of abundance and, consequently, may act as surrogates for local density estimates.LocationAndalusia (southern Spain).MethodsLogistic regression and the favourability function were applied as modelling tools to presence–absence data to compare the predicted results with current abundance. This approach is useful in the identification of local priorities for the target species whenever broad‐scale surveys need to be performed.ResultsThe model included variables related to topography, vegetation and spatial location to explain the presence of Bonelli's eagle. A positive relationship was found between both probability and favourability and the density of this species, but a triangular fit only with favourability, suggesting that the physiological and ecological requirements of this species in the study area are better reflected in the favourability model.Main conclusionsWe suggest that favourability models derived from presence–absence data provide insights into abundance data and valuable information on carrying capacity over large scales. To minimize costs, maximize output and optimize results, priority could be given to detecting the presence of the species, instead of investing resources aimed at estimating abundance, which is more expensive.
Insulin‐based strategies to prevent hypoglycaemia during and after exercise in adult patients with type 1 diabetes on pump therapy: the DIABRASPORT randomized study
Authors: Franc S. , Daoudi A. , Pochat A. , Petit M.‐H. , Randazzo C. , Petit C. , Duclos M. , Penfornis A. , Pussard E. , Not D. , Heyman E. , Koukoui F. , Simon C. , Charpentier G. 
Published: August 2015

AimsTo validate strategies to prevent exercise‐induced hypoglycaemia via insulin‐dose adjustment in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on pump therapy.MethodsA total of 20 patients randomly performed four 30‐min late post‐lunch (3 h after lunch) exercise sessions and a rest session: two moderate sessions [50% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)] with 50 or 80% basal rate (BR) reduction during exercise + 2 h and two intense sessions (75% VO2max) with 80% BR reduction or with their pump stopped. Two additional early post‐lunch sessions (90 min after lunch) were analysed to compare hypoglycaemia incidence for BR reduction versus bolus reduction.ResultsIn all, 100 late post‐lunch sessions were analysed. Regardless of exercise type and BR reduction, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred in the period until the next morning than occurred after the rest sessions. In the afternoon, no more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 80% BR reduction/moderate exercise or with pump discontinuation/intense exercise than for the rest session, whereas more hypoglycaemic events occurred with 50% BR reduction/moderate exercise and 80% BR reduction/intense exercise. After early post‐lunch exercise (n = 37), a trend towards fewer hypoglycaemic episodes was observed with bolus reduction versus BR reduction (p = 0.07). Mean blood glucose fell by ∼3.3 mmol/l after 30 min of exercise, irrespective of dose reduction, remaining stable until the next morning with no rebound hyperglycaemia.ConclusionIn adults with T1D, to limit the hypoglycaemic risk associated with 30 min of exercise 3 h after lunch, without carbohydrate supplements, the best options seem to be to reduce BR by 80% or to stop the pump for moderate or intense exercise, or for moderate exercise 90 min after lunch, to reduce the prandial bolus rather than the BR.
TWEAK/Fn14 activation induces keratinocyte proliferation under psoriatic inflammation
Authors: Cheng Hong , Xu Meifeng , Liu Xiaoming , Zou Xiaoyan , Zhan Na , Xia Yumin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been reported to induce keratinocyte apoptosis in vitro by engaging its sole receptor of fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14). In this study, we explored the role of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in the growth of psoriatic keratinocytes that is, however, characterized by suppressed apoptotic cell death. Skin tissues from the patients with psoriasis or healthy donors were determined for TWEAK and Fn14 expression, and primary keratinocytes were evaluated under the stimulation of psoriatic proinflammatory cytokines or plus TWEAK. The results showed that both TWEAK and Fn14 were highly expressed in psoriatic skins. Moreover, the stimulation of psoriatic cytokines enhanced Fn14 expression by keratinocytes in vitro, which expressed TNF receptor 2 predominantly and proliferated increasingly with the addition of TWEAK. Furthermore, TWEAK stimulation enhanced the synthesis of survivin, inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 and cellular FLICE‐inhibitory protein in lesional keratinocytes. Therefore, TWEAK/Fn14 interaction prefers to enhance proliferation but not apoptosis of keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation. The activation of nuclear factor‐κB signalling‐dependent anti‐apoptotic proteins and biased expression of TNF receptors may be responsible for such a novel principle in keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation.
Quantifying spatial habitat loss from hydrocarbon development through assessing habitat selection patterns of mule deer
Authors: Northrup Joseph M. , Anderson Charles R. , Wittemyer George 
Published: August 2015

AbstractExtraction of oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) from shale is increasing rapidly in North America, with documented impacts to native species and ecosystems. With shale oil and gas resources on nearly every continent, this development is set to become a major driver of global land‐use change. It is increasingly critical to quantify spatial habitat loss driven by this development to implement effective mitigation strategies and develop habitat offsets. Habitat selection is a fundamental ecological process, influencing both individual fitness and population‐level distribution on the landscape. Examinations of habitat selection provide a natural means for understanding spatial impacts. We examined the impact of natural gas development on habitat selection patterns of mule deer on their winter range in Colorado. We fit resource selection functions in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, with habitat availability defined using a movement‐based modeling approach. Energy development drove considerable alterations to deer habitat selection patterns, with the most substantial impacts manifested as avoidance of well pads with active drilling to a distance of at least 800 m. Deer displayed more nuanced responses to other infrastructure, avoiding pads with active production and roads to a greater degree during the day than night. In aggregate, these responses equate to alteration of behavior by human development in over 50% of the critical winter range in our study area during the day and over 25% at night. Compared to other regions, the topographic and vegetative diversity in the study area appear to provide refugia that allow deer to behaviorally mediate some of the impacts of development. This study, and the methods we employed, provides a template for quantifying spatial take by industrial activities in natural areas and the results offer guidance for policy makers, mangers, and industry when attempting to mitigate habitat loss due to energy development.