bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Biocompatible Polysaccharide Analogues and Their Application to In Vivo Optical Tumor Imaging
Authors: Miki Koji , Kimura Akinori , Inoue Tatsuhiro , Matsuoka Hideki , Harada Hiroshi , Hiraoka Masahiro , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Polysaccharide analogues having 2-deoxypsicofuranose as a repeating unit were successfully synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 7-oxanorbornene-2,3-diol and dihydroxylation. The amphiphilic polysaccharide analogues conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol), a near-infrared fluorescence dye and a tumor-targeting cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartic acid peptide showed low cytotoxicity in vitro and high tumor-targeting specificity in vivo.
Reversible Control of Underwater Oil Wettability of a Titanium Dioxide Surface through Ultraviolet and Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Nishimoto Shunsuke , Mori Yuichi , Kameshima Yoshikazu , Miyake Michihiro 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst surfaces exhibit excellent oil repellency and therefore an oil droplet cannot adhere to its surface in water even when tightly pressed to it. Ultrasonic irradiation treatment in water greatly decreases the degree of underwater oleophobicity, allowing the oil droplet to adhere to the surface in water. We demonstrate that UV and ultrasonic irradiation treatment can be used to reversibly change the underwater oil repellency of TiO2 surfaces.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Composites with Enhanced Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Liangxia , Tao Hong , Pang Tao , Dong Jifeng , Song Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites were synthesized by a simple low-temperature thermal method. The structural properties of the OMC/g-C3N4 composites were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of OMC slightly affected the graphitic stacking structures of g-C3N4, but strongly enlarged the surface area and total pore volume of OMC/g-C3N4 composites. The photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under visible light irradiation was tested. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the 0.04-OMC/g-C3N4 composite over RhB and 2,4-DCP were about 2.41 times and 3.68 times as high as those of g-C3N4, respectively. It is deduced that the enhanced photocatalytic activity should be attributed to the larger specific surface area and favorable optical property.
Principles of Modeling IT-Enabled Educational Environment, When Teaching the “Art” Subject in a General Secondary School
Authors: Кустова  , Kystova Anna 
Published: March 2015

The humanitarian paradigm of general secondary education is to get its implementation in the course of teaching the «Art» subject to 8th- and 9thgrade
students. Under the new Federal State Educational Standard, a school student has to search and select relevant data by himself, while a teacher’s
main task is to foster students’ skills to properly select and analyze information, to help them develop critical reasoning and to assess the content on the
basis of objective criteria. As a result, a number of problems emerge, concerning content to be selected to fit the IT-enabled educational environment.
The paper provides some principles for modeling IT-enabled educational environment in the process of teaching course in Art, where the choice is
based on findings in such scientific fields, as Media Education, Perceptual Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Video-ecology, Art technologies, Art
Therapy, all are conducive to enhancing teenagers’ mental health.
Integrating Pre-School, General and Supplementary Education in the Sphere of Physical Culture and Sports
Authors: Козлова  , Kozlova Svetlana , Плотников  , Plotnikov S. 
Published: March 2015

In recent years discussions concerning educational space reorganization (i.e., introduction of the renewed federal state educational standards of
preschool, general education and federal standards of sports training) go on in Moscow simultaneously with the efforts to create “kindergarten–school”
educational parks. When the issue of consistency and integration of educational components is understood thoroughly and properly, it helps to achieve
continuity in development and education of children.
Boosting Development Potential of Subject-Oriented Education and How It Helps Learners to Master Core Competencies in the Context of Transition to FSES
Authors: Новикова  , Novikova Svetlana , Красношлыкова  , Krasnoshlykova Olga 
Published: March 2015

Practical experience, gained through experimenting in the Kemerovo Region, is presented. The paper concerns prospects for further development of
subject-oriented training under the conditions of transition to the Federal State Educational Standard; discusses some issues, related to arrangement of
an educational process, vocational self-determination of younger learners, as well as the system of assessing Portfolio-based training outcomes.
Achieving eating independence in an acute stroke ward: Developing a collaborative care plan
Authors: Payne Jacqueline , Stagnitti Karen , Hooke Emily , Hitch Danielle 
Published: March 2015

Aim: This article outlines the development and implementation of a collaborative feeding care plan (FCP) for stroke patients in an acute stroke ward. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of an ecological intervention to improve eating independence in an acute stroke ward environment. Methods: An action research approach comprising seven stages—determine the initial problem, develop the care plan, act, reflect and monitor progress, evaluate, reflect, and refine plan—was used to track environmental changes during the development and implementation of the FCP in an acute stroke ward in an Australian regional hospital. During the evaluation phase, six allied health staff completed a survey on the FCP. The staff also completed an observation assessment integrating the Eating Disability Scale, Functional Independence Measure and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure with 12 participants with acute stoke (participants with FCP=6; participants without FCP=6). Results: The FCP group showed significant improvements in upper limb independence (p=0.046), when comparing mean admission scores (3.5±0.97) with discharge scores (4.17±2.14). Clinically significant improvements in levels of collaboration between health professionals were also demonstrated. Conclusions: The changes in team collaboration and the patient's upper limb independence indicate how environmental change can influence acute stroke patient outcomes. It is recommended that this study be expanded to further explore the effect of ecological interventions and change.
Social media as a tool for improving client communication
Authors: Knight Rebecca 
Published: March 2015

Aim: To gain an insight into why clients use social media to connect with their veterinary practice and what practices can do to make their social media sites as engaging as possible for their clients. Method: This study, carried out as a final year research project at the University of Bristol, used a questionnaire to approach pet owners on web forums. This was used to establish client opinions on social media use by veterinary practices and what clients require from their veterinary practice when using social media. Results: This study identified a set of clients who were generally positive towards social media use and were keen to interact with their veterinary practice using social media. These clients had a particular interest in practice news and a clear view of how they expected their practice to use social media. The data obtained from this study were used to recommend ways in which practices can develop their social media strategy to best suit clients' needs.
Basic Education in Cambodia: The Impact of UNESCO onPolicies in the 1990s
Authors: Dy Sideth S. , Ninomiya Akira 
Published: March 2015

Efforts to enhance opportunities for Basic Education have been growing within many developing nations after the1990 World Conference on Education For All (WCEFA) in Jomtien, Thailand. In the face of political turmoil, financial constraint and social insecurity, Cambodia with the encouragement and assistance of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), took measures to increase educational opportunities for all her citizens through Basic Education strategic plans and pledged to eradicate illiteracy by the year 2000. This article examines the joint efforts during the 1990s of this organization as a key assistance and support UN agency for educational policy and strategy formulations, and the Cambodian government as a national agency for educational initiatives and implementation. UNESCO’s inputs for policy implementation are also detailed to evaluate the overall impact of the organization during the last decade. Analyses are based primarily on interviews with some key government policymakers, fieldwork observation and interviews with school-aged children, several speeches of top government officials, and existing related official education statistics and indicators in Cambodia.
Schools’ Strategic Responses to Competition in Segregated Urban Areas: Patterns in School Locations in Metropolitan Detroit
Authors: Gulosino Charisse Atibagos , Lubienski Christopher 
Published: March 2015

School choice is intended to generate competition between schools largely to leverage new and better educational opportunities for disadvantaged students. Yet we know very little about how competition impacts whole populations of schools, or different types of schools, in distributing different educational options across segregated social landscapes. This analysis maps new educational options for families, as different types of charter schools respond to market competition within a highly competitive and segregated environment – examining school and organizational strategies in “positioning” themselves within metropolitan Detroit in order to measure the overall impact of these strategies on alternatives for disadvantaged students. Dynamic mapping illuminates the kinds of charter schools that have opened, relocated, and closed relative to socioeconomic and demographic distributions in neighborhoods, providing a comprehensive picture of supply-side responses to competition since the emergence of choice policies. We offer a brief outline of the policy context, considering the primary equity impetus for choice, and the policy implications as they are expected to reverberate through the organizational behavior of schools. Then we present a more complex theoretical framework for understanding likely strategic responses from organizations in competitive education markets. In doing this, we draw on theories from the literatures on industrial organizations and locational theories as they apply to what we are calling “local education markets.” We then describe the geo-spatial analyses, providing graphic maps to represent the patterns evident in this case. The concluding discussion offers a brief overview of the equity implications for employing the profit motive to expand educational access.
Ways to live history. Or philosophy, culture, and architecture in the origins of the museum Altes in Berlín
Authors: Lemos Fabiano 
Published: March 2015

From the beginnings of what we now know as our modernity, man has been surprised with his own finitude. The 18th and 19th century bourgeois needed to formulate complex ways of preserving the past and of linking with it. In the philosophes’ circle, time concept starts to double itself in the idea of origin, that, for them, had become opaque. We just need to think of the broad-range process of structuring museums and restructuring natural history collections in cities such as Paris and Berlin, around the turn to the 19th century, so that we can be convinced that the surprise with that origin that one cannot recognize anymore, that becomes object of popular and scientific interest, leads each and all of the decisions in this process. Museum is just one of the institutions in which man, through a complex series of idealizations of space, show himself the spectacle of a lost time and, thus, of a culture whose educational thrive can only be understood by associating to these institutions. Our task is to investigate – and the case study of the grounding of the Altes Museum in Berlin, between 1822 and 1830, will perform this concretely – which educational policy made the emergence of this new ideological model possible, and , on the opposite way, which conceptual elaborations confirmed or legitimated the new pragmatic topography of time in modernity within the institution that had as aim, precisely, articulate and administrate past and memory.
Analyzing the Anglo-American Hegemony in the Times Higher Education Rankings
Authors: Kaba Amadu Jacky 
Published: March 2015

This study analyzes the 2009 Times Higher Education-QS top 200 universities in the world. Based on this analysis the study claims that the THS reflects the phenomenon of Anglo-American hegemony. The United States with 54 universities and the United Kingdom with 29 dominated the THS. In addition, six out of every ten universities on the top 200 list were located in countries that were at one time partly or fully colonized by the United Kingdom. This study identifies a number of factors that contributed to a country having at least one university ranked on the list: Age of an institution, endowment of an institution, the size of a nation’s population, gross domestic products (GDP) and GDP per capita, level of international trade (exports/imports), colonial heritage and language.
Funding Disparities and the Inequitable Distribution of Teachers: Evaluating Sources and Solutions
Authors: Adamson Frank , Darling-Hammond Linda 
Published: March 2015

The inequitable distribution of well-qualified teachers to students in the United States is a longstanding issue. Despite federal mandates under the No Child Left Behind Act and the use of a range of incentives to attract teachers to high-need schools, the problem remains acute in many states. This study examines how and why teacher quality is inequitably distributed, by reviewing research and examining data on school funding, salaries, and teacher qualifications from California and New York—two large states that face similar demographic diversity and educational challenges. Using wage adjustments to control for cost of living differentials, we find that both overall school funding and teacher salary levels are highly inequitable both across and within states – generally exhibiting a ratio of 3 to 1 between high- and low-spending jurisdictions. Furthermore, low-salary districts serve students with higher needs, offer poorer working conditions, and hire teachers with significantly lower qualifications, who typically exhibit higher turnover. We find that districts serving the highest proportions of minority and low-income students have about twice as many uncredentialed and inexperienced teachers as do those serving the fewest. In an elasticity analysis, we find that increases in teacher salaries are associated with noticeable decreases in the proportions of teachers who are newly hired, uncredentialed, or less well educated. These teacher qualifications, in turn, are associated with student achievement, holding student characteristics constant. We review research on strategies that have been largely unsuccessful at addressing this problem, such as “combat pay” intended to recruit teachers to high need schools, suggesting that small bonuses might be productive if added to an equitable salary structure where working conditions are comparable, but may be inadequate to compensate for large differentials in salaries and working conditions. We review studies illustrating successful policy strategies in states that have taken a more systemic approach to equalizing salaries, raising teaching standards, and providing supports for teacher learning and school development. We recommend federal initiatives that could provide stronger supports and incentives for equalizing students’ access to well-qualified and effective teachers, including equalizing allocations of ESEA resources across states, enforcing existing ESEA comparability provisions for ensuring equitable funding and equally qualified teachers to schools serving different populations of students, evaluating progress on resource equity in state plans and evaluations under the law, and requiring states to meet standards of resource equity – including the availability of well-qualified teachers – for schools identified as in need of improvement.
Estándares TIC para la Formación Inicial Docente: Una Política Pública en el Contexto Chileno
Authors: Silva Quiroz Juan Eusebio 
Published: March 2015

Para orientar el manejo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) por parte de los docentes y la formación de los futuros maestros, diversas instituciones a nivel internacional han definido y están constantemente actualizando estándares. Chile a pesar de contar con el proyecto Enlaces reconocido a nivel regional y mundial como un ejemplo de inserción de TIC en los centros educativos, no contaba con una propuesta de estándares TIC que orientase la formación de los docentes; por esta razón, el Centro de Educación y Tecnología Enlaces del Ministerio de Educación de Chile, desarrolla desde el 2005 una política para insertar las TIC en la formación inicial docente (FID). Este artículo presenta el trabajo realizado en la definición de estándares TIC para la FID y las acciones seguidas para acompañar su difusión y adopción por parte de las universidades responsables de la formación de los futuros docentes.
Synthesis and characterization of functionalized 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan derivatives
Authors: Chemin Maud , Rakotovelo Alex , Ham-Pichavant Frédérique , Chollet Guillaume , da Silva Perez Denilson , Petit-Conil Michel , Cramail Henri , Grelier Stéphane 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design new biomaterials based on functionalized xylan derivatives. In one approach, 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MGX) of beechwood was oxidized by sodium periodate (NaIO4). A ratio of 0.2 NaIO4/xylose leads to a degree of oxidation of 0.15 with 75% yield. Then, the oxidized MGX aldehyde was submitted to reductive amination reaction with benzylamine, and as a result, the xylan backbone was effectively grafted with benzyl groups with a degree of substitution of 0.11. In another approach, controlled sulfuric acidic hydrolysis of MGX was performed to get well-defined xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Then, the reductive amination reaction of the XOS aldehyde functions was performed with allylamine or 2-aminoethylazide to graft the chain ends with an allyl or an azide function, respectively. The proposed methods can open a route to the design of new functional biomaterials.
Interrelationship between lignin-rich dichloromethane extracts of hot water-treated wood fibers and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in wood plastic composite (WPC) production
Authors: Pelaez-Samaniego Manuel R. , Yadama Vikram , Garcia-Perez Manuel , Lowell Eini , Zhu Rui , Englund Karl 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHot water extraction (HWE) partially removes hemicelluloses from wood while leaving the majority of the lignin and cellulose; however, the lignin partially migrates to the inner surfaces of the cell wall where it can be deposited as a layer that is sometimes visible as droplets. This lignin-rich material was isolated via Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane to investigate its rheological behavior in blends with high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a common material in wood plastic composites (WPCs). Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and electrospray ion mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) confirmed that the isolated material is constituted mainly of low-molecular-weight lignin oligomers. The blends of HDPE/isolated lignin, in varying ratios, were tested by means of dynamic rheology. A “shoulder” was found in plots “shear storage moduli (G′) vs. frequency sweep” and a shift of the terminal zone to lower frequencies was observed. Apparently, this shoulder is caused by the elastic contribution of the interfacial tension between the blend components. The rheology of WPCs produced from HWE wood and HDPE shows a similar shoulder in G′ plots, suggesting that the HDPE/lignin blends are in part responsible for the shape of the G′ curves.
Common burdock (Arctium minus): a common weed of nonarable land in Orestiada, Greece
Authors: Damalas C.A. , Alexoudis C. , Koutroubas S.D. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Common burdock (Arctium minus) is a common biennial weed of non-arable land in typical rural settings of Orestiada, Greece. The aim of this study was to describe the basic morphological traits of this species throughout the main phenological stages of its life cycle and to obtain some insight into its growth and productivity in Orestiada. Based on our observations, the plants occurred most commonly in moist and fertile soils, usually as isolated individuals or in small patches near the parent plants. The species is characterized by its large basal ‘elephant-ear’ leaves during the vegetative stage, appearing in alternate arrangement, with irregularly wavy and non-toothed edges, as well as with long hollow stalks forming a noticeable furrow on the top. By monitoring individual plants, it was found that fl owering (in the second year of growth) mostly occurred from late June up to early August. The fl owers were purple, occurring in bristly heads at the top of the stem. The bristly heads formed a fruit, containing small black seeds. The average number of capitula per plant, from randomly selected populations in Orestiada, was found to be 69.7 and 57.7 respectively, whereas the mean seed number per capitulum reached 30.3 and 33.3 seeds, respectively
Optimization of Microwave Roasting for Dechlorination of CuCl Residue under Oxygen-Enriched Condition
Authors: Zhanyong Guo , Shaohua Ju , Jinhui Peng , Libo Zhang , Ting Lei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe clean utilization of the residue containing chloride, such as zinc oxide dust and CuCl residue, produced from zinc hydrometallurgy is very important for the recycle of valuable metals. In this paper, a new technology for dechlorination of the CuCl residue through thermal treatment with application of microwave and oxygen-enriched air roasting is brought out. And the response surface methodology (RSM) based on five-level, three-variable and central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the operation parameters for increasing the dechlorination efficiency. The effects of temperature, roasting time and oxygen consumption on the dechlorination efficiency were studied and the optimal process conditions were identified. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the dechlorination process under the optimum condition. The results showed that the experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. The optimized process conditions are identified to be a roasting temperature of 451℃, heating duration of 114 min and oxygen consumption of 2.4 times the theoretical oxygen demand. A dechlorination efficiency of 96.4% could be achieved at the optimal process conditions.