bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation of asparaginase enzyme activity levels after PEG‐asparaginase administration with clinical characteristics and adverse effects in Chinese paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Chen Cai , Li Jian , Chen Yiqiao , Gao Qinli , Li Nainong , Le Shaohua 
Published: June 2024

SummaryStudies on asparaginase enzyme activity (AEA) monitoring in Chinese patients receiving PEG‐asparaginase remain limited. We monitored AEA in paediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and treated according to the Chinese Children's Cancer Group study protocols, CCCG‐ALL‐2015/CCCG‐ALL‐2020 protocols. We measured the AEA at days 7 ± 1 and 14 ± 1 and analysed their association with patient characteristics and PEG‐asparaginase‐related adverse effects (AEs). We measured 2147 samples from 329 patients. Mean AEA levels (interquartile range) were 931 iu/L (654–1174 iu/L) at day 7 ± 1 and 664 iu/L (463–860 iu/L) at day 14 ± 1. The AEA levels were higher in younger children and increased with the cumulative dose numbers. PEG‐asparaginase inactivation rate was 19.1%, and the silent inactivation (SI) rate was 12.5%. Nine patients were identified with allergic‐like reactions. Hypofibrinogenaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, pancreatitis and thrombosis were associated with older age, whereas hypoglycaemia was associated with younger age. The risk of hypertriglyceridaemia and hypoglycaemia increased with cumulative dose numbers of PEG‐asparaginase. Except for hypofibrinogenaemia, elevated AEA levels did not increase the risk of PEG‐asparaginase‐related AEs. Drug monitoring can be utilized as guidance for treatment decision‐making. Individualizing asparaginase doses do not reduce toxicities. The treatment target of PEG‐asparaginase remains to achieve sustained and adequate activity.
Outcomes in non‐small cell lung cancer with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor L858 substitutions under first‐line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A large real‐world cohort study
Authors: Shao Youyou , Zhang Jingying , Feng Zhi , Wu Wei , Zhao Xiaotian , Zhu Minyi , Xiao Yao , Pang Jiaohui , Zhu Junfei , Qu Hao , Yuan Minchi , Xia Guojie , Liu Meng , Li Hengyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtypical L858R or other L858X mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, beyond the classical EGFRL858R mutation caused by c.2573 T > G, have been identified in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet their genomic features and survival benefits with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment have not been fully explored. We retrospectively enrolled 489 NSCLC patients with baseline tumor tissue/plasma samples carrying uncommon EGFRL858R (N = 124), EGFRL858Q/M (N = 17), or classical EGFRL858R mutations (N = 348). The comparison of molecular features was performed using treatment‐naïve tumor tissues. Survival benefits and resistance mechanisms of first‐line EGFR TKI treatment were studied in an advanced disease subcohort. NSCLCs harboring uncommon EGFRL858R had lower TP53 mutation prevalence (p = 0.04) and chromosome instability scores (p = 0.02) than those with classical EGFRL858R. Concomitant EGFRL861Q mutations were enriched in NSCLCs with EGFRL858Q/M (p < 0.01), with cooccurrence in those carrying EGFRL858M. Patients with uncommon EGFRL858R experienced improved progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to those with classical EGFRL858R (median: 13.0 vs. 10.0 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.80). The association remained significant when adjusting for sex, age, histological subtype, TKI category, and anti‐vascular therapy (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39–0.77). Furthermore, EGFRL858Q/M patients showed enhanced first‐line PFS (vs. classical EGFRL858R, HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10–0.67), potentially benefiting more from afatinib. Additionally, NSCLCs with uncommon EGFRL858R and classical EGFRL858R had similar resistance profiles to EGFR TKIs. In conclusion, NSCLCs carrying atypical EGFR L858 aberrations, which had fewer TP53 mutations and higher chromosome stability, exhibited improved PFS under first‐line EGFR TKIs than those with the classical EGFRL858R.
Refugee and asylum‐seeker children and health problems in the city of Duzce, Türkiye
Authors: Cakmak Hatice Mine , Kocabay Kenan , Temizkan Ramazan Cahit , Turay Sevim , Ozde Sukriye , Kurt Fatih , Sav Nadide Melike , Erguven Muferet , Coşkun Emel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines the health problems and healthcare needs of refugee and asylum‐seeker children and aims to develop strategies for improvement.MethodsBased on quantitative data from 448 refugee and asylum‐seeker children and 222 non‐refugee local children, this study was conducted at Düzce University, Department of Paediatrics, between 2010 and 2021. The refugee children originated from three countries: Iraq (n = 304), Syria (n = 101) and Afghanistan (n = 43). The data were analysed using the SPSS data analysis program. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Düzce Üniversity.ResultsThe results suggest that refugee and asylum‐seeker children have significantly higher rates of acute illness or infection, malnutrition (p < 0.001) and anaemia (p < 0.001) than local children as a result of living in overcrowded families (p = 0.017) and unhealthy conditions. Adolescent pregnancy (p = 0.049) emerges as an important social problem as a result of child marriage among refugee children, mostly in the form of consanguineous marriages (p < 0.001). The rate of having at least two adolescent pregnancies (under 18) was highest among Syrian refugee girls (p = 0.01). Although refugee and asylum‐seeker children have higher rates of health insurance (between 74% and 95%), they have lower rates of insurance compared to local children. This research also compares the data from three nationalities, including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq children; Iraqi and Afghan children under the international protection (IP) system with limited social support and rights had worse health conditions compared to other groups. Although Iraqi children had the highest rates of health insurance on admission (p < 0.001), they also had higher rates of chronic diseases (p = 0.001), infections (p = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.001) and malnutrition (p < 0.001). The youngest age of admission (p = 0.006) and the shortest length of stay (p = 0.004) were for Afghan children who also had higher rates of upper respiratory infections (p = 0.021).ConclusionsThis study highlights the urgent need for improved screening programmes and the importance of collaborative efforts to address the specific health needs of these populations. Addressing the health status of child refugees is a complex and multifaceted task that requires the active participation of healthcare professionals, policymakers and researchers, each of whom has a crucial role to play.
Accuracy of immediately placed implants using surgical guides from different 3‐dimensional printers: An in vitro study
Authors: Pitman Jeremy , Cosyn Jan , Christiaens Véronique , Younes Faris , de Bruyckere Thomas , Vervaeke Stijn , Glibert Maarten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3‐dimensional (3D)‐printed surgical guides for fully guided immediate implants from different manufacturers.MethodsEighteen 3D printed fully guided surgical guides (split into 3 groups [n = 6] according to their manufacturer: Company, Desktop, or Lab), were used to place 72 implants (n = 24) in identical maxillary models. After placement, the mean global, angular, mesiodistal, buccopalatal, and vertical deviation at the platform and apex of the placed implants, relative to their preoperatively planned positions, was calculated.ResultsSignificant differences in global apex deviation, angular deviation, mesiodistal apex deviation, and vertical platform and apex deviation were found between the Lab and Desktop groups (p ≤ 0.007). Significant differences in mesiodistal platform and apex deviation and buccopalatal apex deviation were also found between the Company and Desktop groups (p ≤ 0.005). Finally, significant differences in buccopalatal apex deviation, and vertical platform and apex deviation were found between the Company and Lab groups (p ≤ 0.003). Mean differences between guide groups across all parameters never exceeded 0.5 mm or 1°.ConclusionsThe choice of 3D printer has a significant effect on the accuracy of fully guided immediate implants. However, the clinical relevance of these differences may be considered limited.
Impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery on weight loss and insulin requirements in type 1 and insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes
Authors: Abi Mosleh Kamal , Salameh Yara , Ghusn Wissam , Jawhar Noura , Mundi Manpreet S. , Collazo‐Clavell Maria L. , Kendrick Michael L. , Ghanem Omar M. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryMetabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) is effective in improving metabolic outcomes and reducing weight in patients with obesity and diabetes, with less explored benefits in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of MBS on weight loss and insulin requirements in T1D patients compared to insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients over a 5‐year period. This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent primary sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with a confirmed preoperative diagnosis of either T1D or insulin‐treated T2D. Primary endpoints focusing on weight loss and secondary outcomes assessing changes in insulin dosage and glycemic control. After 5 years, weight loss was similar across groups, with total weight loss at 14.2% for T1D and 17.6% for insulin‐treated T2D in SG, and 22.6% for T1D vs. 26.8% for insulin‐treated T2D in RYGB. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in median daily insulin doses from 140.5 units at baseline to 77.5 units at 1 year postoperatively, sustained at 90 units at 5 years. The differential impact of MBS procedure was also highlighted, where RYGB patients showed a more pronounced and enduring decrease in insulin requirements compared to SG.
Association of overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity‐related metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in young adults with coronary artery calcification later in life
Authors: Wang Jia‐Jie , Zheng Zhichao , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe association of overweight/obesity and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in young adulthood with subclinical atherosclerosis [coronary artery calcification (CAC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)] by middle age is unknown.MethodIn total, 2274 participants aged 28‐39 years from the coronary artery risk development in young adults study at year 10 (1995‐1996) who were re‐examined 15 years later were included. CAC and AAC were measured at year 25 using computed tomography. We examined the utility of three young adult phenotypes (lean group; overweight/obese group; overweight/obese MASLD group) at year 10 in predicting CAC or AAC by middle age. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between groups and CAC, and AAC. Independent determinates of CAC and AAC were determined with linear regression models.ResultsCompared with individuals categorized as lean in young adulthood, the relative risk for CAC by middle age was 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.93‐1.28) for those with overweight/obesity and 1.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.08‐1.61) for those with overweight/obesity‐related MASLD. For AAC, no difference was observed between these three groups. Group, systolic blood pressure and group × systolic blood pressure interaction were all the independent determinates for CAC.ConclusionIn this study, young adults with overweight/obesity‐related MASLD have a higher risk of developing CAC by middle age. These abnormalities are only partially explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and overweight/obesity‐related MASLD has an independent impact on CAC. Our study provides evidence for identifying young adults at higher risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis.
Purchases over the SNAP benefit cycle: Evidence from supermarket panel data
Authors: Harris‐Lagoudakis Katherine , Wich Hannah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit disbursement on intramonthly household level purchases made from a supermarket retailer. We find that spending, the likelihood of shopping, the bulk expenditure share and the national brand expenditure share increase by $2, 1.5, 2, and 0.6% points, respectively, on the day that SNAP benefits are disbursed. We also compare and contrast estimates that use variation in the indicator for benefit receipt to estimates that utilize variation in the probability of SNAP benefit receipt. We find substantial differences between the two approaches for the outcome of spending.
Olfactory responses of the blister beetle Epicauta atomaria, a polyphagous crop pest, to host, non‐host, and conspecific odors
Authors: Wagner Leandro S. , Campos‐Soldini María P. , Guerenstein Pablo G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe blister beetle Epicauta atomaria (Germar) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) is a phytophagous pest of various agricultural crops, especially in Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Currently, this insect is managed through the spraying of synthetic insecticides that cause serious human health and environmental damage. To reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, the integrated pest management (IPM) programs for other crop pests rely on the use of semiochemical compounds, such as pheromones, kairomones, and allomones, to manipulate the insects' behavior to prevent crop damage. However, studies on semiochemical compounds related to E. atomaria have never been carried out. For this reason, the aim of this study was to explore the chemical communication of E. atomaria. This includes the existence of (i) a sex and/or an aggregation pheromone, (ii) attractant volatile kairomones from host plants, and (iii) repellent volatile allomones from non‐host plants. Tests were carried out using olfactometers and an experimental arena. First, olfactometer tests failed to show the existence of volatile sex and/or aggregation pheromones of these insects. Second, olfactometer and experimental arena tests failed to demonstrate attraction of E. atomaria via volatile kairomonal compounds from host plants (chard, bell pepper, and cock's‐eggs). However, olfactometer tests showed that non‐host plants of E. atomaria (thyme and lavender) emit allomonal volatile compounds with repellent activity. This work represents a first step toward the elucidation of the chemical ecology of E. atomaria and suggests that volatiles from non‐host plants help shape the host preferences of these insects. Those volatiles could be used as a “push” component in a “push–pull” strategy against this pest.
First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola on Myrciaria dubia in Brazil
Authors: Sachet Marieli Teresinha Guerrezi , de Farias Machado Juliana , Rincón Deisy Ximena Vianchá , da Silva Gilvan Ferreira , Sousa Thiago Fernandes , Chagas Edvan Alves , da Conceição da Rocha Araújo Maria , da Silva Matos Kedma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlants of the genus Myrciaria are commonly cultivated in the northern region of Brazil for fruit production. Symptoms of leaf spot in camu‐camu (Myrciaria dubia) trees are frequently observed. The objective of this study was to identify the etiological agent associated with anthracnose in camu‐camu using the concept of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Leaves with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from camu‐camu plants in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Morphological identification; sequencing analysis of CAL, GAPDH, CHS‐1 and TUB2 gene regions; a pathogenicity test and reisolation of the fungus from symptomatic artificially inoculated plants confirmed C. theobromicola as the causal agent of the disease. This is the first record of C. theobromicola causing anthracnose in camu‐camu in Brazil.
A global assessment of nested patterns in insular mammal assemblages
Authors: Millien Virginie , Zhan Chengxiu , Li Yanxia , Wang Jiang , Wang Yanping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimA nested pattern (nestedness) in species composition is a frequent signature of insular communities. However, it remains unclear whether the drivers of nestedness are consistent across multiple island systems. Here, we investigated the pattern and drivers of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic nestedness in terrestrial mammal assemblages from 10 distinct island systems (archipelagos).LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe compiled occurrence data and species traits of terrestrial mammals from 228 islands in 10 distinct island assemblages. We assembled a dataset of island biogeographic characteristics for each of these islands, including island area, isolation index and maximum elevation. For all 10 assemblages, we first tested for significant patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic nestedness. We then examined the associations between nestedness, island biogeographic characteristics and species traits.ResultsWe detected significant patterns of taxonomic, functional or phylogenetic nestedness in mammal assemblages from all 10 archipelagos. Biogeographic characteristics of islands affecting the rate of extinction in island species, namely, island area and elevation, were significantly associated with the degree of nestedness in these assemblages. Traits associated with the extinction probability of a species, such as litter size, further drove the nested pattern in some assemblages.Main conclusionsAll analyses pointed to selective extinction as a main mechanism shaping the observed nested patterns in island mammal assemblages. From a conservation point of view, different management strategies should be implemented for mammal assemblages in these island systems by identifying the drivers of species extinction rates specific to each island system and species occurring on these islands.
Densification mechanism and thermal shock resistance improvement of MgF2‐doped Y2O3 ceramics
Authors: Yu Yiming , Wei Yaowu , Liu Kui , Chen Bo , Chen Junfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to improve the density and thermal shock resistance of Y2O3 ceramics for the preparation of ultra‐pure high‐temperature alloy crucible materials. The doping effect of MgF2 content on the densification behavior, physical properties, and thermal shock resistance of Y2O3 ceramics was systematically investigated in this paper. The results suggested that the presence of MgF2 greatly promoted the growth of Y2O3 grains and the transformation of the pore structure by liquid‐phase sintering. And the mechanical properties of the MgF2‐doped Y2O3 ceramics were significantly improved. Besides, the marked improvement in the thermal shock resistance of MgF2‐doped Y2O3 ceramics was attributed to the synergistic action resulting from the growth of grain size and the enhancement of the crack deflection effect. In particular, the relative density of Y2O3 ceramics doped with 1.5 wt% MgF2 reached 96.4% and the residual flexural strength ratio after thermal shock achieved 45.0%, showing an excellent application prospect.
The decision‐making process of palliative care among male caregivers of chronically ill patients‐A grounded theory study
Authors: Wang Shou‐Yu , Lee Pei‐Yu , Sun Yong‐Jhu Emily , Liu Ju‐Fen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers have a vital role to play in palliative care for chronically ill patients. In Taiwan, caregiver demographics are evolving, with the number of male caregivers increasing. Gender differences influence psychosocial behaviours, thought processes and communication styles. In healthcare, acknowledgement of gender differences facilitates effective delivery of high‐quality care.AimThe aim of this study is to explore male caregivers' decision‐making process for palliative care for chronically ill family members.MethodsThis study employed grounded theory to generate a substantive theory of male caregivers' decision‐making process for palliative care for chronically ill family members. We recruited 22 male participants from three inner‐city teaching hospitals in Taiwan.FindingsRegarding the decision‐making process of palliative care of chronic ill family, where male caregivers do not want their loved ones suffering anymore, the male caregivers' decision‐making process was impacted, first, by caregivers' views on the last stage of life; second, by their wish for good care during the end of life; and third, by their conviction that the patients' wishes should be respected. Furthermore, caregivers' philosophy of life and death is also a supportive ground for decision‐making. This philosophy was influenced by their education in palliative care, financial status and religious beliefs and practices. The core category emerging from this study is encapsulated by a participant's assertion, ‘How difficult is it? There are no male and female differences’.ConclusionWe found that palliative care experiences of male caregivers are important for the decision‐making process for palliative care for their chronically ill family members. Caregivers want their loved ones to receive good care as the last step in life, to respect their wishes and no more suffering for the patient. Therefore, health professionals should be familiar with the palliative care process that caregivers go through to offer updated information when needed.
Support for an EU‐wide social policy? A country‐comparative analysis of unemployment perceptions
Authors: Wang Hequn 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article explored the influence of unemployment perceptions on attitudes towards an EU‐wide social policy that guarantees a minimum standard of living for the poor across 18 European countries. The article relied on a theoretical framework that highlights the interaction among economic self‐interest, ideology, and perceptions. Using data from Eurostat and the European Social Survey, the results show that Europeans with more negative perceptions of national unemployment or the living conditions of the unemployed were more likely to support an EU minimum income scheme. This association was particularly strong among individuals with non‐egalitarian values or right‐leaning ideology and remained relatively consistent across different national contexts. Additionally, support was stronger in countries with poor economic and welfare conditions. Overall, the findings reveal a high perceived legitimacy among Europeans for implementing a policy measure that aims to tackle poverty in the EU.
From dentistry to immunology: navigating challenges and building a career in neuroimmunology
Authors: Yshii Lidia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis Commentary recounts an academic journey from dentistry to neuroimmunology, highlighting pivotal moments such as a PhD fraught with challenges and an unexpected postdoctoral experience in France. My decision to settle in Belgium for a postdoc and subsequent transition to an assistant professorship at KU Leuven reflects resilience, adaptability and a commitment to both scientific exploration and family life. Balancing career uncertainties, motherhood and academic achievements, it encapsulates a trajectory shaped by a passion for neuroimmunology.