bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Modality on Mind Wandering during Comprehension
Authors: Kopp Kristopher , D'Mello Sidney 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe executive resource hypothesis assumes a positive relationship between resource availability and mind wandering. Under the assumption that different modalities of information delivery differentially tax resources, we compared mind wandering across different modalities during the presentation of The Red Headed League (Experiment 1 and 2) and Walden (Experiment 3). An Audio only condition produced the most mind wandering. Two conditions that presumably consumed more executive resources than the Audio Only condition (i.e. Audio + Text and Self‐paced Reading) produced equivalent amounts of mind wandering during Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3 the reading time of the Self‐paced readers moderated the effect of mind wandering in that the fast readers mind wandered more than those in the Audio + Text condition. Results are discussed in the context of the demands of different modes of information delivery methods and mind wandering as well as the potential effects of material type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ metal doping during modified anodization synthesis of Nb2O5 with enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Hu Chenyan , Teoh Wey Yang , Ji Shulin , Ye Changhui , Iwase Akihide 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceA new technique of in situ doping of alkali metal (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) in Nb2O5 was showcased by the modified anodization of Nb foils at high frequency, negative‐to‐positive pulsed voltage. At the optimized dopant concentration and synthesis condition, the doped‐Nb2O5 shows twofold enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting efficiencies compared with the undoped Nb2O5 electrode, as a result of improved charge carrier density and enhanced surface charge transfer. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 352–358, 2016
The Sialic Acids Waltz: Novel Stereoselective Isomerization of the 1,7‐Lactones of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acids into the Corresponding γ‐Lactones and Back to the Free Sialic Acids
Authors: Rota Paola , Allevi Pietro , Anastasia Luigi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn internal rearrangement of the 1,7‐lactone of N‐acetylneuraminic acid into its γ‐lactone in high yield is reported, together with the successive conversion into the free parent sialic acid. Overall, these reactions further characterize the chemical behavior of sialic acids and their derivatives, which are increasingly considered to be key players in many biological processes, including ischemic heart disease.
Molecular dynamics simulations of molecularly imprinted polymer approaches to the preparation of selective materials to remove norfloxacin
Authors: Kong Yu , Wang Ningwei , Ni Xiaoni , Yu Qiyi , Liu Hong , Huang Weihong , Xu Wanzhen 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) designed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was successfully prepared with norfloxacin as a template molecule, methyl acrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker. According to the theoretical prediction and experimental preparation methods, three kinds of molecular imprinting materials were designed and synthesized with MD simulations and molecular imprinting technology. The best ratio of the template to the functional monomer to the crosslinker was 1:8:40 in these studies. The experimental results illustrate that the MD simulations were credible in compounding the components of the MIPs. The structure of the prepared polymers were characterized with various methods. To analyze the adsorption performances, many kinds of static adsorption tests, including kinetic, isotherm, and selectivity tests, were used. The results indicate that the novel adsorbents conformed to the pseudo–second‐order kinetic equation and followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption amounts of MIP2 at a ratio of 1:8:40 were about 29.35 mg/g at 298 K. The selective adsorption and reusable performance of norfloxacin were excellent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 132, 42817.
In situ synthesis of polystyrene nanocomposites with layered double hydroxide with an unusual anion arrangement: Morphology and thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Botan Rodrigo , Nogueira Caio Telma Regina , Ferrareso Lona Liliane Maria 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTToday, the steady advance of technology and society makes the development of materials with improved properties of paramount importance. In this article, we contribution to this area by presenting an in situ bulk synthesis of polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites with layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a reinforcement. The LDH that we adopted presented an unusual arrangement of anions and had ZnAl cations intercalated with laurate and palmitate anions. The nanocomposites were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to characterize their morphologies. The thermal properties, including the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability, were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The mechanical properties and flexural fracture morphologies were also determined, with a bending test. The results demonstrate that the synthesized nanocomposites showed considerable improvements in their thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with the neat PS. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 132, 42856.
Automated Box–Jenkins forecasting tool with an application for passenger demand in urban rail systems
Authors: Anvari Saeedeh , Tuna Selcuk , Canci Metin , Turkay Metin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryEfficient management of public transportation systems is one of the most important requirements in rapidly urbanizing world. Forecasting the demand for transportation is critical in planning and scheduling efficient operations by transportation systems managers. In this paper, a time series forecasting framework based on Box–Jenkins method is developed for public transportation systems. We present a framework that is comprehensive, automated, accurate, and fast. Moreover, it is applicable to any time series forecasting problem regardless of the application sector. It substitutes the human judgment with a combination of statistical tests, simplifies the time‐consuming model selection part with enumeration, and it applies a number of comprehensive tests to select an accurate model. We implemented all steps of the proposed framework in MATLAB as a comprehensive forecasting tool. We tested our model on real passenger traffic data from Istanbul Metro. The numerical tests show the proposed framework is very effective and gives higher accuracy than the other models that have been used in many studies in the literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cutting the Gordian Knot: Identifiability of anaplerotic reactions in Corynebacterium glutamicum by means of 13C‐metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Kappelmann Jannick , Wiechert Wolfgang , Noack Stephan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCorynebacterium glutamicum is the major workhorse for the microbial production of several amino and organic acids. As long as these derive from tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, the activity of anaplerotic reactions is pivotal for a high biosynthetic yield. To determine single anaplerotic activities 13C‐Metabolic Flux Analysis (13C‐MFA) has been extensively used for C. glutamicum, however with different network topologies, inconsistent or poorly determined anaplerotic reaction rates. Therefore, in this study we set out to investigate whether a focused isotopomer model of the anaplerotic node can at all admit a unique solution for all fluxes. By analyzing different scenarios of active anaplerotic reactions, we show in full generality that for C. glutamicum only certain anaplerotic deletion mutants allow to uniquely determine the anaplerotic fluxes from 13C‐isotopomer data. We stress that the result of this analysis for different assumptions on active enzymes is directly transferable to other compartment‐free organisms. Our results demonstrate that there exist biologically relevant metabolic network topologies for which the flux distribution cannot be inferred by classical 13C‐MFA. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 661–674. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosynthesis of the Fluorinated Natural Product Nucleocidin in Streptomyces calvus Is Dependent on the bldA‐Specified Leu‐tRNAUUA Molecule
Authors: Zhu Xi Ming , Hackl Stefanie , Thaker Maulik N. , Kalan Lindsay , Weber Claudia , Urgast Dagmar S. , Krupp Eva M. , Brewer Alyssa , Vanner Stephanie , Szawiola Anjuli , Yim Grace , Feldmann Jörg , Bechthold Andreas , Wright Gerard D. , Zechel David L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNucleocidin is one of the very few natural products known to contain fluorine. Mysteriously, the nucleocidin producer Streptomyces calvus ATCC 13382 has not been observed to synthesize the compound since its discovery in 1956. Here, we report that complementation of S. calvus ATCC 13382 with a functional bldA‐encoded Leu‐tRNAUUA molecule restores the production of nucleocidin. Nucleocidin was detected in culture extracts by 19F NMR spectroscopy, HPLC‐ESI‐MS, and HPLC‐continuum source molecular absorption spectroscopy for fluorine‐specific detection. The molecule was purified from a large‐scale culture and definitively characterized by NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution MS. The nucleocidin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified by the presence of genes encoding the 5′‐O‐sulfamate moiety and confirmed by gene disruption. Two of the genes within the nucleocidin biosynthetic gene cluster contain TTA codons, thus explaining the dependence on bldA and resolving a 60‐year‐old mystery.
FeIII‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Arylation (CDA) between Oxindoles and Arenes under an Air Atmosphere
Authors: Wu Hong‐Ru , Huang Hong‐Yan , Ren Chuan‐Li , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn efficient FeIII‐catalyzed cross‐dehydrogenative arylation (CDA) of 3‐substituted oxindoles with activated arenes under an air atmosphere was developed to provide 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles in good yields.
Reactivity of an All‐Ferrous Iron–Nitrogen Heterocubane under Reductive and Oxidative Conditions
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin , Prokopchuk Demyan E. , Adelhardt Mario , Viciu Liliana , Meyer Karsten , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reactivity of the all‐ferrous FeN heterocubane [Fe4(Ntrop)4] (1) with i) Brønsted acids, ii) σ‐donors, iii) σ‐donors/π‐acceptors, and iv) one‐electron oxidants has been investigated (trop = 5H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclo‐hepten‐5‐yl). 1 showed self‐re‐assembling after reactions with i) and proved surprisingly inert in reactions with ii) and iii), with the exception of CO. Reductive and oxidative cluster degradation was observed in reactions with CO and TEMPO, respectively. These reactions yielded new cluster compounds, namely a trinuclear bis(μ3‐imido) 48 electron complex in the former case and a tetranuclear all ferric μ‐oxo‐μ‐imido species in the latter case. Characterization techniques include NMR and in situ IR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and DFT calculations.
New Dual Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Biothiol and Phosphate Bioimaging
Authors: Resa Sandra , Orte Angel , Miguel Delia , Paredes Jose M. , Puente‐Muñoz Virginia , Salto Rafael , Giron Maria D. , Ruedas‐Rama Maria J. , Cuerva Juan M. , Alvarez‐Pez Jose M. , Crovetto Luis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe simultaneous detection of relevant metabolites in living organisms by using one molecule introduces an approach to understanding the relationships between these metabolites in healthy and deregulated cells. Fluorescent probes of low toxicity are remarkable tools for this type of analysis of biological systems in vivo. As a proof of concept, different naturally occurring compounds, such as biothiols and phosphate anions, were the focus for this work. The 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfinate (DNBS) derivative of 9‐[1‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)]‐6‐hydroxy‐3H‐xanthen‐3‐one (Granada Green; GG) were designed and synthesized. This new sulfinyl xanthene derivative can act as a dual sensor for the aforementioned analytes simultaneously. The mechanism of action of this derivative implies thiolysis of the sulfinyl group of the weakly fluorescent DNBS‐GG by biological thiols at near‐neutral pH values, thus releasing the fluorescent GG moiety, which simultaneously responds to phosphate anions through its fluorescence‐decay time. The new dual probe was tested in solution by using steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence and intracellularly by using fluorescence‐lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in human epithelioid cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells.
Recovery of Antimony Trioxide Flame Retardants from Lead Refining Residues by Slag Conditioning and Fuming
Authors: Binz Florian , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBottom‐up process design is performed for a new antimony white fuming approach from antimony‐rich lead refining residues. Thermochemical modelling is used to evaluate process boundaries regarding temperature and slag composition allowing the fuming of qualified antimony white from mentioned residues. Two methods are evaluated in laboratory scale to test possibilities of preconditioning for the fuming process. The first one is based on a more selective oxidation during lead softening; the second one on carbothermic reduction of the slag. Antimony enrichment is successfully proven under laboratory scale conditions.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Production of Poly(α‐terthiophene)–Au Nanoparticle Functional Hybrid Material
Authors: Bera Raj Kumar , Bhunia Prasenjit , Chakrabartty Sukanta , Raj C. Retna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA novel one‐step visible‐light‐driven synthesis of Au nanoparticle–poly(α‐terthiophene) (nAu‐poly(α‐TT)) functional nanocomposites and their electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic applications are described. The visible‐light‐induced electron transfer between α‐TT and AuIII ion yields nAu‐poly(α‐TT) nanocomposite material. The nAu‐poly(α‐TT) shows characteristic diffraction corresponding to the well‐organized lamellar structure of the polymer and Au nanoparticles. The nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix increase the interlayer spacing and stacking distance of the polymer planes. Remarkable enhancement in the Raman signature of poly(α‐TT) due to the embedded Au nanoparticles was observed. The nanocomposite favors the selective electrochemical oxidation of hydrophobic analytes. The photoexcitation of the nanocomposite with white light at potentials more negative than −0.3 V (Ag/AgCl) yields cathodic photocurrent, which is >500 times higher than that of the free poly(α‐TT).
Chemical Bonding of Transition‐Metal Co13 Clusters with Graphene
Authors: Alonso‐Lanza Tomás , Ayuela Andrés , Aguilera‐Granja Faustino 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe carried out density functional calculations to study the adsorption of Co13 clusters on graphene. Several free isomers were deposited at different positions with respect to the hexagonal lattice nodes, allowing us to study even the hcp 2d isomer, which was recently obtained as the most stable one. Surprisingly, the Co13 clusters attached to graphene prefer icosahedron‐like structures in which the low‐lying isomer is much distorted; in such structures, they are linked with more bonds than those reported in previous works. For any isomer, the most stable position binds to graphene by the Co atoms that can lose electrons. We find that the charge transfer between graphene and the clusters is small enough to conclude that the Co–graphene binding is not ionic‐like but chemical. Besides, the same order of stability among the different isomers on doped graphene is kept. These findings could also be of interest for magnetic clusters on graphenic nanostructures such as ribbons and nanotubes.
5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural is the New HMF: Functionally Equivalent But More Practical in Terms of its Production From Biomass
Authors: Mascal Mark 
Published: September 2015

Abstract5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) is a disruptive innovation in the biorefinery. Chemically, it is at least as versatile as the well‐known HMF but, unlike HMF, it is accessible in high yield directly from cellulosic biomass due to its lipophilicity and stability under acidic conditions, which facilitate isolation. It has a rich derivative chemistry that includes biofuels, renewable polymers, specialty chemicals, and value‐added agrochemical and pharmaceutical products.
A 7.5‐μW 0.08‐mm2 single‐ended SC delta‐sigma ADC for acoustic sensor applications
Authors: Duan Quanzhen , Wang Zhidong , Roh Jeongjin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis study presents an ultra‐low‐power, small‐size, 1‐bit, single‐ended, and switched‐capacitor (SC) delta‐sigma analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) for wireless acoustic sensor nodes. This wireless sensor node has a delta‐sigma ADC that converts the sensed signal to a digital signal for convenient data processing and emphasizes the features of small size and low‐power consumption. The chip area of the delta‐sigma ADC is dominated by the capacitor; therefore, a novel common‐mode (CM) controlling technique with only transistors is proposed. This ADC achieves an extremely small size of 0.08 mm2 in a 130‐nm CMOS process. The conventional operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are replaced by inverters in the weak inversion region to achieve high power efficiency. At 4‐MHz sampling frequency and 0.7‐V power supply voltage, the delta‐sigma ADC achieves a 55.8‐dB signal‐to‐noise‐plus‐distortion ratio (SNDR) and a 298‐fJ/step figure‐of‐merit (FOM) in a signal bandwidth of 25 kHz, while consuming only 7.5 μW of power. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the RF Power Necessary to Ignite Plasma for the ICP Test Facility at HUST
Authors: Yue Haikun , Li Dong , Wang Chenre , Li Xiaofei , Chen Dezhi , Liu Kaifeng , Zhou Chi , Pan Ruimin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn Radio‐Frequency (RF) Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) ion source test facility has been successfully developed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). As part of a study on hydrogen plasma, the influence of three main operation parameters on the RF power necessary to ignite plasma was investigated. At 6 Pa, the RF power necessary to ignite plasma influenced little by the filament heating current from 5 A to 9 A. The RF power necessary to ignite plasma increased rapidly with the operation pressure decreasing from 8 Pa to 4 Pa. The RF power necessary to ignite plasma decreased with the number of coil turns from 6 to 10. During the experiments, plasma was produced with the electron density of the order of 1016m–3 and the electron temperature of around 4 eV. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of Droplet‐Plasma Interaction using Multi‐Dimensional Coupled Model
Authors: Iqbal M.M. , Turner M. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecently developed multi‐dimensional coupled fluid‐droplet model is used to investigate the behavior of complex interaction between the liquid precursor droplets and atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The significance of this droplet‐plasma interaction is not well understood under diverse realm of working conditions in two‐phase flow. In this study, we explain the implication of vaporization of liquid droplets in APP which are subsequently responsible to control major characteristics of surface coating depositions. Coalescence of water droplets is more dominant than Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) droplets because of its sluggish rate of evaporation. A disparity in the performance of evaporation is identified in two independent mediums, such as gas mixture and discharge plasma using HMDSO precursor. The length of evaporation of droplets is amplified by an increment of gas flow rate indicating with a reduction in the gas temperature and electron mean energy. In particular, the spatio‐temporal density distributions of charged particles show a clear pattern in which the typical nitrogen impurity ions are primarily effective as compared to other helium ionic species along the pulse of droplets in APP. Finally, we contrast the behavior of discharge species in the pure helium and He‐N2 gas mixtures revealing the importance of stepwise and Penning ionization processes. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wolbachiadistribution in selected beetle taxa characterized byPCRscreens andMLSTdata
Authors: Sontowski Rebekka , Bernhard Detlef , Bleidorn Christoph , Schlegel Martin , Gerth Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWolbachia(Alphaproteobacteria) is an inherited endosymbiont of arthropods and filarial nematodes and was reported to be widespread across insect taxa. WhileWolbachia's effects on host biology are not understood from most of these hosts, knownWolbachia‐induced phenotypes cover a spectrum from obligate beneficial mutualism to reproductive manipulations and pathogenicity. Interestingly, data onWolbachiawithin the most species‐rich order of arthropods, the Coleoptera (beetles), are scarce. Therefore, we screened 128 species from seven beetle families (Buprestidae, Hydraenidae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, and Noteridae) for the presence ofWolbachia. Our data show that, contrary to previous estimations,Wolbachiafrequencies in beetles (31% overall) are comparable to the ones in other insects. In addition, we usedWolbachiaMLSTdata and host phylogeny to explore the evolutionary history ofWolbachiastrains from Hydraenidae, an aquatic lineage of beetles. Our data suggest thatWolbachiafrom Hydraenidae might be largely host genus specific and thatWolbachiastrain phylogeny is not independent to that of its hosts. As this contrasts with most terrestrialWolbachia–arthropod systems, one potential conclusion is that aquatic lifestyle of hosts may result inWolbachiadistribution patterns distinct from those of terrestrial hosts. Our data thus provide both insights intoWolbachiadistribution among beetles in general and a first glimpse ofWolbachiadistribution patterns among aquatic host lineages.
Water and solute dynamics during rainfall events in headwater catchments in the Central Swiss Alps under the influence of green alder shrubs and wetland soils
Authors: Mueller Matthias H. , Alaoui Abdallah , Alewell Christine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn the Swiss Alps, shrubs (e.g. Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC) are encroaching into formerly open habitats. The shrub encroachment might affect soil hydrological properties, which in turn influence runoff generation. Moreover, alder species (Alnus spp.) are known to affect chemical soil properties (e.g. increase of nitrate concentrations in the soil solution) and can therefore alter the water quality of stream water. In our study, we investigated four small alpine headwater catchments to assess the influence of shrub encroachment and wetland soils on stream water geochemistry during storm runoff. Stream water was sampled in the growing season of 2010 at hourly intervals during one single rainfall event. Stable isotope values (δ18O) of stream water (ranging from −13.8 to −8.5‰) and rainfall (bulk mean δ18O value of about −5.6‰) during the single event were used to estimate the fraction of event water in stream discharge. Continuously measured electrical conductivity in the growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 was used to infer information on runoff generation during 15 rainfall events. Riparian wetland soils were flushed by a high fraction of event water of up to 72% during peak discharge, which increased the dissolved organic carbon export during the single rainfall event. Besides the atmospheric input through nitrate in rainwater, the expected expansion of green alder shrubs in the region, associated with increasing number and intensity of summer rainfall events in the future, might increase the episodic export of nutrients such as dissolved organic carbon and NO3− from these catchments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.