bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysmotility and proton pump inhibitor use are independent risk factors for small intestinal bacterial and/or fungal overgrowth
Authors: Jacobs C. , Coss Adame E. , Attaluri A. , Valestin J. , Rao S. S. C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundWhether intestinal dysmotility and the use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) either independently or together contributes to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and/or small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) is not known.AimTo investigate the role of dysmotility and PPI use in patients with persistent gastrointestinal complaints.MethodsPatients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and negative endoscopy/radiology tests completed a validated symptom questionnaire and underwent 24‐h ambulatory antro‐duodeno‐jejunal manometry (ADJM). Simultaneously, duodenal aspirate was obtained for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal culture. Dysmotility was diagnosed by (>2): absent phase III MMC, absent/diminished postprandial response, diminished amplitude of antral/intestinal phasic activity, impaired antro‐duodenal coordination. Bacterial growth ≥103 CFU/mL or fungal growth was considered evidence for SIBO/SIFO. PPI use was documented. Correlation of symptoms with presence of SIBO or SIFO was assessed.ResultsOne hundred and fifty subjects (M/F = 47/103) were evaluated; 94/150 (63%) had overgrowth: 38/94 (40%) had SIBO, 24/94 (26%) had SIFO and 32/94 (34%) had mixed SIBO/SIFO. SIBO was predominately due to Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Klebsiella and E. coli. SIFO was due to Candida. Eighty of 150 (53%) patients had dysmotility and 65/150 (43%) used PPI. PPI use (P = 0.0063) and dysmotility (P = 0.0003) were independent significant risk factors (P < 0.05) for overgrowth, but together did not pose additional risk. Symptom profiles were similar between those with or without SIBO/SIFO.ConclusionsDysmotility and PPI use were independent risk factors for SIBO or SIFO and were present in over 50% of subjects with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis of overgrowth requires testing because symptoms were poor predictors of overgrowth.
Serotonin and the 5‐HT7 receptor: The link between hepatocytes, IGF‐1 and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Svejda Bernhard , Kidd Mark , Timberlake Andrew , Harry Kathy , Kazberouk Alexander , Schimmack Simon , Lawrence Ben , Pfragner Roswitha , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: April 2013

Platelet‐derived serotonin (5‐HT) is involved in liver regeneration. The liver is also the metastatic site for malignant enterochromaffin (EC) cell “carcinoid” (neuroendocrine) neoplasms, the principal cellular source of 5‐HT. We hypothesized that 5‐HT produced by metastatic EC cells played a role in the hepatic tumor‐microenvironment principally via 5‐HT7 receptor‐mediated activation of hepatocyte IGF‐1 synthesis and secretion. Using isolated rat hepatocytes, we evaluated 5‐HT7 receptor expression (using PCR, sequencing and western blot). ELISA, cell transfection and western blots delineated 5‐HT‐mediated signaling pathways (pCREB, AKT and ERK). IGF‐1 synthesis/secretion was evaluated using QPCR and ELISA. IGF‐1 was tested on small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm proliferation, while IGF‐1 production and 5‐HT7 expression were examined in an in vivo SCID metastasis model. Our results demonstrated evidence for a functional 5‐HT7 receptor. 5‐HT activated cAMP/PKA activity, pCREB (130–205%, P < 0.05) and pERK/pAKT (1.2–1.75, P < 0.05). Signaling was reversed by the 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970. IGF‐1 significantly stimulated proliferation of two small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm cell lines (EC50: 7–70 pg/mL) and could be reversed by the small molecule inhibitor BMS‐754807. IGF‐1 and 5‐HT were elevated (40–300×) in peri‐tumoral hepatic tissue in nude mice, while 5‐HT7 was increased fourfold compared to sham‐operated animals. We conclude that hepatocytes express a cAMP‐coupled 5‐HT7 receptor, which, at elevated 5‐HT concentrations that occur in liver metastases, signals via CREB/AKT and is linked to IGF‐1 synthesis and secretion. Because IGF‐1 regulates NEN proliferation, identification of a role for 5‐HT7 in the hepatic metastatic tumor microenvironment suggests the potential for novel therapeutic strategies for amine‐producing mid‐gut tumors.
Are Nouns Learned Before Verbs? Infants Provide Insight Into a Long‐Standing Debate
Authors: Waxman Sandra , Fu Xiaolan , Arunachalam Sudha , Leddon Erin , Geraghty Kathleen , Song Hyun‐joo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor decades, a spirited debate has existed over whether infants’ remarkable capacity to learn words is shaped primarily by universal features of human language or by specific features of the particular native language they are acquiring. A strong focus for this debate has been a well‐documented difference in early word learning: Infants’ success in learning verbs lags behind their success in learning nouns. In this review, we articulate both sides of the debate and summarize new cross‐linguistic evidence from infants that underscores the role of universal features and begins to clarify the impact of distinctly different languages on early language and conceptual development.
Control of growth hormone and IGF1 in patients with acromegaly in the UK: responses to medical treatment with somatostatin analogues and dopamine agonists
Authors: Howlett Trevor A. , Willis Debbie , Walker Gillian , Wass John A. H. , Trainer Peter J. ,   UK Acromegaly Register Study Group (UKAR‐3)
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the control of GH and IGF1 in acromegaly in routine clinical practice in the UK on and off medical treatment.DesignThe UK Acromegaly Register collected routine biochemical and clinical data on patients with acromegaly from 31 UK centres with GH data covering >30y.PatientsWe identified 2572 patients. Somatostatin analogues (SMS) were used in 40·6% and dopamine agonists (DA) in 41·4%.MeasurementsWe identified 29,181 GH records linked to data on IGF1, surgery, radiotherapy and medical treatment and derived data on 9900 distinct Periods of Care including 4206 courses of medical treatment. We considered GH controlled when ≤2 μg/l.ResultsControl of GH and IGF1 improved over time, particularly on medical treatment. Control on medical treatment was better after prior surgery and/or radiotherapy. On long‐term SMS, GH was controlled in 75%, IGF1 in 69% and both in 55%; on long‐term DA, GH control was similar but IGF1 worse (77%/55%/45%). Responses to long‐term treatment with octreotide LAR and lanreotide autogel were broadly similar, but we noted a failure to escalate SMS to maximal effective dose. Increasing precourse GH levels were associated with a decreasing proportion who achieved control, despite greater suppression from baseline.ConclusionsControl of acromegaly in the UK is improving, but ‘safe’ GH levels are still only achieved in 75% on long‐term medical treatment, with GH and IGF1 both normalized in no more than 55% on SMS and 36% on cabergoline. It remains unclear whether the control of GH, but not IGF1, observed in many patients is sufficient to restore long‐term morbidity and mortality to normal.
A clear case of chronic aspiration of starch (potato)
Authors: Andreani Alessandro , Cappiello Gaia , Valli Michele , Businarolo Elisa , Melara Rosita , Giovannini Michele , Rossi Giulio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne of the known agent that causes an organizing pneumonia could be the chronic inhalation of food, but generally we can't find the specific food that caused this pattern.We show a case where, with an accurate medical history, supported by the various histological investigation steps, we could reach the specific cause of it.
A rare indication for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery: headscarf needle aspiration
Authors: Ghanim Bahil , Ankersmit Hendrik Jan , Prosch Helmut , Klikovits Thomas , Marta Gabriel , Klepetko Walter , Lang Gyorgy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHeadscarf needle aspiration is a rare event, especially in Middle and Western European countries. Here, we report the case of a 37‐year‐old Austrian woman of Turkish origin who accidentally aspirated a turban pin. Repeated bronchoscopy was not successful in removing the aspirated foreign body, which extended past the right middle lobe to the interlobar fissure. The needle was finally removed by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
Solitary epidermolytic acanthoma
Authors: Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Lambe Jennifer , Elston Dirk 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundSolitary epidermolytic acanthoma is thought to be an uncommon lesion. It can present as a solitary, localized or disseminated process that is unrelated to the genetic form of icthyosis.MethodsA retrospective review of solitary epidermolytic acanthomas was performed at the Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, NY, over a 2 year period. The clinical and histopathological features of solitary epidermolytic acanthomas were described in 64 biopsies from 60 individuals. In situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) was performed on all genital lesions.ResultsThe incidence of epidermolytic acanthomas in our series was higher than previously reported (27.8/100,000). Genital location was the most common and the incidence of genital lesions was 8/100,000. In situ hybridization showed no evidence of genital HPV types within the lesions. The histological features of solitary epidermolytic acanthoma were re‐evaluated.ConclusionsGenital skin was the most common location for solitary epidermolytic acanthoma, but we found no evidence to suggest a role for genital HPV types. A strong male predominance was noted, and the lesions demonstrate a wide range of clinical and pathological findings.
A systematic review of tests to predict cerebral palsy in young children
Authors: Bosanquet Margot , Copeland Lisa , Ware Robert , Boyd Roslyn 
Published: April 2013

AimThis systematic review evaluates the accuracy of predictive assessments and investigations used to assist in the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) in preschool‐age children (<5y).MethodSix databases were searched for studies that included a diagnosis of CP validated after 2 years of age. The validity of the studies meeting the criteria was evaluated using the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy criteria. Where possible, results were pooled and a meta‐analysis was undertaken.ResultsNineteen out of 351 studies met the full inclusion criteria, including studies of general movements assessment (GMA), cranial ultrasound, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neurological examination. All studies assessed high‐risk populations including preterm (gestational range 23–41wks) and low‐birthweight infants (range 500–4350g). Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity of GMA were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74–100%) and 91% (95% CI 83–93%) respectively; of cranial ultrasound 74% (95% CI 63–83%) and 92% (95% CI 81–96%) respectively; and of neurological examination 88% (95% CI 55–97%) and 87% (95% CI 57–97%) respectively. MRI performed at term corrected age (in preterm infants) appeared to be a strong predictor of CP, with sensitivity ranging in individual studies from 86 to 100% and specificity ranging from 89 to 97% There was inadequate evidence for the use of other predictive tools.SummaryThis review found that the assessment with the best evidence and strength for predictive accuracy is the GMA. MRI has a good predictive value when performed at term‐corrected age. Cranial ultrasound is as specific as MRI and has the advantage of being readily available at the bedside. Studies to date have focused on high‐risk infants. The accuracy of these tests in low‐risk infants remains unclear and requires further research.
A TaqMan real‐time PCR assay for the detection of Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ in soil, pathogen of Kauri in New Zealand
Authors: Than D. J. , Hughes K. J. D. , Boonhan N. , Tomlinson J. A. , Woodhall J. W. , Bellgard S. E. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryKauri Agathis australis, an iconic tree of New Zealand, is under threat from an introduced disease‐causing pathogen provisionally named Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ (referred to as PTA). This soilborne, Pythiaceous species belongs to the Chromista and causes a collar rot resulting in yellowing of the foliage and thinning of the canopy, which eventually causes death of the infected tree. The management and containment of this pathogen requires rapid and reliable detection in the soil. The current method for soil detection utilizes a soil bioassay involving lupin baits and soil flooding in a process that takes between ten and twenty days. We describe a real‐time PCR assay based on TaqMan chemistry for the specific detection of PTA, which targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. This TaqMan real‐time PCR assay could be used with DNA extracted directly from bulk soil samples to enable rapid quantification of PTA within soil. The detection limit was 2 fg of PTA DNA from pure culture, or 20 fg in the presence of DNA extracted from soil. The assay was validated using soil samples taken from a PTA‐infested site and soil spiked with a known concentration of oospores. We conclude that the TaqMan real‐time PCR assay offers a more time‐efficient method for detection of PTA in soil than existing methods.
You can't spell schizophrenia without an ‘I’: how does theEarlyIntervention inPsychosis approach relate to the concept of schizophrenia as an ipseity disturbance?
Authors: Akroyd Michael John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimOperational approaches to psychiatric diagnosis have increased reliability, but the cost has been the reduction of diagnostic concepts to tick‐box lists of objective symptoms. Some blame this for growing disillusionment among younger clinicians in mental health. A renewed emphasis on the human subject and subjective experience could be one way to remedy this. While true for psychiatry in general, it is particularly true in psychiatry's ‘sacred symbol’ of psychiatry, schizophrenia. Greater understanding of schizophrenia will be of most relevance to those who have yet to develop the disorder, such as those targeted byEarlyIntervention inPsychosis services. A promising direction in the understanding of schizophrenia is the notion of fundamental disturbance in the sense of self (‘ipseity disturbance’).MethodI intend to examine the relationship between the concept of schizophrenia as an ipseity disturbance and theEarlyIntervention inPsychosis service model through consideration of three main areas: symptoms of schizophrenia as understood by the ipseity disturbance concept; implications of the ipseity disturbance concept for the notion of a schizophrenia prodrome; and the ways in which theEarlyIntervention inPsychosis service model reflects or could be informed by the ipseity disturbance concept.Results and ConclusionsI argue that explicit consideration of schizophrenia as an ipseity disturbance could lead to better identification of those at highest risk, and more appropriately tailored interventions.
Heidegger on Assertion, Method and Metaphysics
Authors: Golob Sacha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn Sein und Zeit Heidegger makes several claims about the nature of ‘assertion’ [Aussage]. These claims are of particular philosophical interest: they illustrate, for example, important points of contact and divergence between Heidegger's work and philosophical movements including Kantianism, the early Analytic tradition and contemporary pragmatism. This article provides a new assessment of one of these claims: that assertion is connected to a ‘present‐at‐hand’ ontology. I also indicate how my analysis sets the stage for a new reading of Heidegger's further claim that assertion is an explanatorily derivative phenomenon. I begin with a loose overview of Heidegger's position and then develop a sharper formulation of the key premises. I go on to argue that existing treatments of the supposed link between assertion and the ‘present‐at‐hand’ are unsatisfactory, and advance a new, ‘methodological’, interpretation of that link. Finally, I sketch the implications of my interpretation for the further claim that assertion is explanatorily derivative.
Comparison of the low‐cycle and medium‐cycle fatigue behaviour of ferritic, pearlitic, isothermed and austempered ductile irons
Authors: Meneghetti G. , Ricotta M. , Masaggia S. , Atzori B. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the fatigue behaviour of some ductile irons for structural applications is analysed in terms of strain–life, stress–life and cyclic stress–strain curves. Push–pull, strain‐controlled fatigue tests were carried out on ferritic, pearlitic, isothermed and austempered ductile irons. The same tests were executed on a structural steel for comparison purposes. The experimental data were processed according to the common practice as well as to a recent procedure proposed by the authors, which ensures the compatibility conditions are satisfied in a strict sense. Conversely, if the common practice is applied, compatibility conditions are satisfied only approximately. Finally, the results of the experimental fatigue tests on the different materials are compared and discussed in view of application to structural components.
Carbon payback period and carbon offset parity point of wood pellet production in the South‐easternUnited States
Authors: Jonker Jan Gerrit Geurt , Junginger Martin , Faaij Andre 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study examines the effect of methodological choices to determine the carbon payback time and the offset parity point for wood pellet production from softwood plantations in the South‐easternUnited States. Using the carbon accounting modelGORCAMwe model low‐, medium‐ and high‐intensity plantation management scenarios for a single stand level, an increasing stand level and a landscape level. Other variables are the fossil‐fuel reference system and the electrical conversion efficiency. Due to the large amount of possible methodological choices and reference systems, there is a wide range of payback times (≤1 year at landscape to 27 years at stand level) and offset parity points (2–106 years). Important aspects impacting on the carbon balances are yield, carbon replacement factor, system boundaries and the choice of reference scenario used to determine the parity point. We consider the landscape‐level carbon debt approach more appropriate for the situation in the South‐easternUnited States, where softwood plantation is already in existence, and under this precondition, we conclude that the issue of carbon payback is basically nonexistent. If comparison against a protection scenario is deemed realistic and policy relevant, and assuming that wood pellets directly replace coal in an average coal power plant, the carbon offset parity point is in the range 12–46 years; i.e. one or two rotations. Switching to intensively managed plantations yields most drastic reduction in the time to parity points (≤17 years in 9 of 12 cases).
Which Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Clustering and Avoidance Patterns of Similar Retail Outlets
Authors: Krider Robert E. , Putler Daniel S. 
Published: April 2013

A key factor in a retailer's location decision is whether to avoid direct competitors or to join them in a cluster. A review of theoretical research provides reasons why some types of stores should locate together while others should avoid one another. Although application of the theory is straightforward for some store types, the somewhat stylized theory is ambiguous for many store types. Empirical work, which could reduce this ambiguity, faces methodological difficulties and is very limited. Few store types have been studied, and findings often are inconsistent. First, we address this problem by assessing the degree of avoidance or clustering of 54 different store types in two cities using a rich, intuitive measure that avoids common methodological difficulties encountered in previous research. We find both theoretically expected and unexpected location behavior, as well as some surprisingly complex location patterns. Second, we explore two unexpected and intriguing configurations. Finally, we discuss our results and propose further research opportunities.Un factor clave para determinar la ubicación de un local de ventas es decidir si se evitará establecerlo junto a la competencia directa o, más bien, conviene agruparse junto a ella. Si se revisa la investigación teórica del tema, encontramos motivos por los que a algunos tipos de tiendas deberían estar juntos, mientras que otros deberían evitarse completamente. Si bien la aplicación de la teoría es directa y simple para algunas clases de tiendas, en muchos otros casos, esta teoría ‐relativamente estilizada ‐, se vuelve algo ambigua. Por su parte, el trabajo empírico, que podría reducir esta ambigüedad, se enfrenta a problemas metodológicos y es muy limitado. Son pocos los casos de tipos de tiendas que se han estudiado, y los resultados son, a menudo, inconsistentes. En el presente trabajo, en primer lugar, nos referimos a este problema, evaluando el nivel de evasión o agrupamiento de 54 diferentes tipos de tiendas, en dos ciudades. Para ello utilizamos una nutrida medición intuitiva, que sortea las dificultades metodológicas de anteriores investigaciones. De este modo, encontramos tanto comportamientos de ubicación esperados como inesperados para la teoría. En segundo lugar, exploramos el caso de dos interesante configuraciones inesperadas. Finalmente, discutimos los resultados y proponemos nuevas oportunidades de investigación en el tema.零售区位确定的一个重要因素在于是否能避免直接竞争或加入集聚。理论研究综述分析了某些类型商店应集聚分布而其他商店分布应趋于分散的原因。虽然可直接将现有理论应用于某些类型商店的研究，但程式化的理论模式在解释许多类型商店的区位选择时却模糊不清。实证工作可降低模糊性，但操作方法比较困难且应用非常有限，因为通常只有少数类型商店被用于实证分析，且其结果时常不一致。为避免这些问题，我们首先采用一种丰富、直观的方法来评估两个案例城市中54种不同商店类型的集聚度或分散度，发现了理论预期与不可预期的区位行为以及一些令人惊讶的复杂区位模式。然后，我们进一步探讨了两种不可预期的和有趣的区位配置模式。最后，讨论了本文的研究结果并给出了后续研究展望。