bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making strategic change: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Jaynes Steve 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a discourse model that was developed for an empirical study of a strategic change program.Design/methodology/approach– The perspective informing the discourse model is that discursive processes are central to strategic change in organizations, and that strategic change works by constructing a particular organizational reality in which the possibilities for change are preconditioned. This perspective offers a discursive understanding of how strategic change is formed, articulated, engaged, and contested by managers and employees.Findings– The paper reports the findings from a study in which the discourse model was applied to a strategic change program in a Bank. The findings demonstrate the inter-discursive nature of strategic change in showing how different levels of discourse, from the grand to the local, were intertwined in an organizational and situated context.Research limitations/implications– This paper builds on the small but growing body of empirical work that studies organizational strategy as a discourse. In this paper it has been argued that discursive processes are central to strategic change in organizations - central to the understanding and the practice of how strategic change is formed, articulated, and engaged by managers and employees. This argument was informed by a post-structuralist definition and articulation of language and an understanding of language as discourse in organizations.Practical implications– The paper demonstrates the central role of language and discourse in the formation of a strategic change program. The findings reported in the paper show the importance of strategy discourse in providing a framework for strategic change, for mobilizing change in an organization, and for legitimizing the change imperative.Social implications– A critique of the management of emotional intelligence is set out. The centrality of employee identity and subject position to the processes of change is illustrated.Originality/value– The discourse model made possible an investigation of how a program of strategic change was formed through the discursive framing of organizational reality.
Return to relevance
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– In order to continue to respond to patron needs in a relevant way, it is necessary to continuously reevaluate the central message that the library website is intended to convey. It
'
s necessary to question assumptions, listen to user needs, and shift our paradigm to make the library web presence as effective as possible.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a regular viewpoint column. A basic literature review was done prior to the column being written.

Findings
– The library Web site remains, in many respects, the “first face” of the library for patrons. To remain relevant, traditional methodologies used in library science may need to be set aside or catered to the needs of the patron.

Originality/value
– Various methods regarding design philosophy are explored which may be of use to information professionals responsible for the design and content of the library Web sites.
Relationship between authors’ structural position in the collaboration network and research productivity
Authors: Kumar Sameer , Mohd. Jan Jariah 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compute and analyze the topological properties of co-authorship network formed between earth scientists in India. As a case study, the authors evaluate bibliographic data of authors who have contributed research articles in the Journal of the Geological Society of India, a premier earth science journal in India.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research articles totaling 3,903 records from 1970 to 2011 were harvested from the ISI Web of Science SCI database and analyzed using Social Network Analysis.

Findings
– The author productivity in terms of number of papers published followed Lotka's law with β=2.1027. A dense giant component was detected that spanned 73 percent of the network with a density of 0.0017 and clustering coefficient of 0.631, suggesting high level of knowledge diffusion and a rapid flow of information and creativity in this network. Local metrics were calculated using degree, betweenness and closeness centralities. A strong correlation was seen between degree and author productivity (number of works) and betweenness centrality and author productivity, suggesting that author's number of connections and controlling “in-between” position in the network may be providing the authors’ with the knowledge and resources to be more productive.

Originality/value
– The impact of human actions on the earth systems is a hot topic of research in India. This is one of the first works that investigates co-authorship networks of Indian earth science researchers.
Diagnostic yield of non‐guided flexible bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary neoplasia
Authors: Labbé Catherine , Beaudoin Stéphane , Martel Simon , Delage Antoine , Joubert Philippe , Drapeau Christine , Provencher Steeve 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe role of conventional bronchoscopy for peripheral pulmonary neoplasia remains controversial. We aimed to assess the diagnostic yield and the added value of non‐guided bronchial aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and brushing for the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasia not visible endoscopically.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 207 consecutive patients with a final diagnosis of peripheral lung malignancy who underwent bronchoscopy with non‐guided aspiration, brushing, and BAL as their initial evaluation. The influence of clinical and radiological factors on diagnostic yield was assessed using univariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe overall sensitivity of non‐guided bronchoscopy was 25.6%, whereas sensitivities for bronchial aspiration, BAL, and brushing were 14.2%, 11.6%, and 16.5%, respectively. Younger age, larger lesion, central/intermediate distance from the hilum, presence of a bronchus sign, and higher standardized uptake value (SUV) on positron emission tomography scan were predictors of a higher diagnostic yield. Conversely, forced expiratory volume in one second, fellow implication in the procedure, and tumor histology did not influence sensitivity. The overall sensitivity of bronshoscopy was >40% for tumors >4 cm, located in the central/intermediate thirds of the lung, showing a bronchus sign, with an SUV >12 or occurring in patients <50 years of age. Conversely, the sensitivity was <10% for tumors <2 cm, located peripherally or with an SUV <4.ConclusionNeoplasia characteristics may help targeting situations in which conventional bronchoscopy could be used as the initial diagnostic procedure when advanced techniques are unavailable. However, advanced diagnostic tools should probably be proposed as the initial modality for the diagnosis of peripheral malignant lesions when available.
Determination of mutagenicity of the precipitate formed by sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine using the Ames test
Authors: Patil Pranali , Aminoshariae Anita , Harding Jarrod , Montagnese Thomas A , Mickel Andre 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the direct mutagenic potential of any precipitate formed by combining sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX). The precipitates formed by NaOCl and CHX were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide and cultured with mutant Salmonella Typhimurium strains. The cells were observed for reverse mutation. The numbers of positive/mutated wells were statistically compared with those in the background plates using the two‐sample proportion independent t‐test. The precipitates were not found to be significantly more mutagenic than the background plates. Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that the precipitates formed when sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine contact did not show mutagenic (and are therefore carcinogenic) potential.
Plasma Amino Acid Profiling in Major Depressive Disorder Treated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Woo Hye‐In , Chun Mi‐Ryung , Yang Jeong‐Soo , Lim Shinn‐Won , Kim Min‐Ji , Kim Seon‐Woo , Myung Woo‐Jae , Kim Doh‐Kwan , Lee Soo‐Youn 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAimsAmino acids are important body metabolites and seem to be helpful for understanding pathogenesis and predicting therapeutic response in major depressive disorder (MDD). We performed amino acid profiling to discover potential biomarkers in major depressive patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).MethodsAmino acid profiling using aTRAQ™ kits for Amino Acid Analysis in Physiological Fluids on a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) system was performed on 158 specimens at baseline and at 6 weeks after the initiation of SSRI treatment for 68 patients with MDD and from 22 healthy controls.ResultsBaseline alpha‐aminobutyric acid (ABA) discriminated the patients according to the therapeutic response. Plasma glutamic acid concentration and glutamine/glutamic acid ratio were different between before and after SSRI treatment only in the response group. Comparing patients with MDD with healthy controls, alterations of ten amino acids, including alanine, beta‐alanine, beta‐aminoisobutyric acid, cystathionine, ethanolamine, glutamic acid, homocystine, methionine, O‐phospho‐L‐serine, and sarcosine, were observed in MDD.ConclusionMetabolism of amino acids, including ABA and glutamic acid, has the potential to contribute to understandings of pathogenesis and predictions of therapeutic response in MDD.
Estimating the lifetime cost of childhood obesity in Germany: Results of a Markov Model
Authors: Sonntag D. , Ali S. , Lehnert T. , Konnopka A. , Riedel‐Heller S. , König H.‐H. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundChild obesity is a growing public health concern. Excess weight in childhood is known to be associated with a high risk of obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities in adulthood.ObjectivesThis study quantifies lifetime excess costs of overweight and obese adults in Germany taking the history of obesity in childhood into account.MethodsA two‐stage Markov cohort state transition model was developed. At stage 1, the distribution of body mass index (BMI) categories was tracked from childhood (ages 3–17) to adulthood (age 17 and up). Based on these results, it was distinguished whether adults had been normal in weight or overweight/obese as child. At stage 2, age‐specific and lifetime costs from age 18 onwards were simulated in two further Markov cohort models, one for each of the two BMI groups. Model parameter values were obtained from the German Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), the German Microcensus 2009 and published literature.ResultsWhen compared with normal weight adults, lifetime excess costs are higher among adults who had been overweight or obese at any point during childhood. For 18‐year‐old women (men), who have been overweight/obese during their childhood (ages 3–17), undiscounted lifetime excess costs are estimated at €19 479 (€14 524), with 60% (67%) occurring beyond age 60. Discounted (3%) lifetime excess costs are considerably lower, amounting to €4262 for men and €7028 for women.ConclusionsBecause childhood obesity determines healthcare costs occurring in adulthood, interventions preventing the persistence of child obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities during adulthood could have a substantial impact on reducing the burden of the obesity epidemic.
Calcitriol exerts anti‐inflammatory effects in keratinocytes treated with autoantibodies from a patient with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Tukaj S. , Grüner D. , Tukaj C. , Zillikens D. , Kasperkiewicz M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe hormonally active vitamin D metabolite calcitriol and its analogues exert potent effects on cellular differentiation and regulation of immune responses. Although topical vitamin D analogues are widely used for treatment of psoriasis and vitamin D has been increasingly implicated in prevention and protection from several autoimmune diseases, experimental and clinical data in autoimmune bullous diseases are generally lacking.ObjectiveHere, we investigated the effects of calcitriol on keratinocytes treated by bullous pemphigoid (BP) autoantibodies.MethodsHuman keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells were treated with purified human BP or normal IgG from one BP patient and healthy subject, respectively, in the absence or presence of calcitriol and effects on (i) cell viability, (ii) IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion, (iii) STAT3 and NFκB activation, (iv) heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) level, and (v) vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression were studied.ResultsWe found that BP IgG‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 release from HaCaT cells was reduced in the presence of non‐toxic doses of calcitriol. Additionally, calcitriol blunted BP IgG‐mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and NFκB activity, whereas Hsp70 and VDR expression were not affected.ConclusionAlthough the results of this study are based on autoantibodies prepared from a single patient, they show that calcitriol protects from BP IgG‐induced inflammatory processes in vitro, thus favouring its potential inclusion into the therapeutic repertoire of BP.
The evolutionary dynamics of timing of maternal immunity: evaluating the role of age‐specific mortality
Authors: Metcalf C. J. E. , Jones J. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIf a female survives an infection, she can transfer antibodies against that particular pathogen to any future offspring she produces. The resulting protection of offspring for a period after their birth is termed maternal immunity. Because infection in newborns is associated with high mortality, the duration of this protection is expected to be under strong selection. Evolutionary modelling structured around a trade‐off between fertility and duration of maternal immunity has indicated selection for longer duration of maternal immunity for hosts with longer lifespans. Here, we use a new modelling framework to extend this analysis to consider characteristics of pathogens (and hosts) in further detail. Importantly, given the challenges in characterizing trade‐offs linked to immune function empirically, our model makes no assumptions about costs of longer lasting maternal immunity. Rather, a key component of this analysis is variation in mortality over age. We found that the optimal duration of maternal immunity is shaped by the shifting balance of the burden of infection between young and old individuals. As age of infection depends on characteristics of both the host and the pathogen, both affect the evolution of duration of maternal immunity. Our analysis provides additional support for selection for longer duration of maternal immunity in long‐lived hosts, even in the absence of explicit costs linked to duration of maternal immunity. Further, the scope of our results provides explanations for exceptions to the general correlation between duration of maternal immunity and lifespan, as we found that both pathogen characteristics and trans‐generational effects can lead to important shifts in fitness linked to maternal immunity. Finally, our analysis points to new directions for quantifying the trade‐offs that drive the development of the immune system.
Hepatitis B viral load predicts survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with sorafenib
Authors: Lim Seungtaek , Han Jungwoo , Kim Gun Min , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Choi Hye Jin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground and AimSorafenib is now considered as a standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA titers on prognosis in HCC patients treated with sorafenib.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2012, 78 HBV‐related HCC patients who received sorafenib treatment at Severance Hospital were included in our analysis. The effect of pretreatment HBV‐DNA levels on clinical outcomes for use in predicting prognosis after treatment with sorafenib was examined by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsMedian overall survival and median progression‐free survival were 5.2 months (95% confidence interval: 4.0–6.4) and 3.5 months (95% confidence interval: 2.3–4.7), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed high levels of HBV‐DNA (> 2000 IU/mL) to be an independent risk factor for worse overall survival (P = 0.005; hazard ratio, 2.85) and disease progression among patients who did not receive concomitant prophylactic antiviral therapy during sorafenib treatment (P = 0.008; hazard ratio, 87.4). Moreover, viral reactivation occurred more frequently in patients who did not receive concomitant prophylactic antiviral therapy than in those who did (4/38 vs 0/40; P = 0.025).ConclusionHigher HBV‐DNA levels prior to sorafenib treatment were associated with poorer prognosis and increased viral reactivation thereafter. These results suggest the potential usefulness of prophylactic antiviral therapy when treating HBV‐related HCC patients with sorafenib.
Undisciplining Social Science: Wittgenstein and the Art of Creating Situated Practices of Social Inquiry
Authors: Shotter John 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThere are now countless social scientific disciplines—listed either as the science of … X … or as an ‐ology of one kind or another—each with their own internal controversies as to what are their “proper objects of their study.” This profusion of separate sciences has emerged, and is still emerging, tainted by the classical Cartesian‐Newtonian assumption of a mechanistic world. We still seem to assume that we can begin our inquiries simply by reflecting on the world around us, and by allowing our conceptualizations to guide our actions in our inquiries. Beginning our inquiries in this retrospective manner, however, means that our concepts and conceptualizations are both after‐the‐fact and beside the point, for ‘something else’ altogether is guiding us in the performance of our situation‐sensitive actions than merely our conceptualizations. We need before‐the‐fact, hermeneutically‐structured inquiries that can ‘set out’ inner ‘landscapes of possibilities’, to think‐with and to provide guidance, as we try in our more scientifically organized efforts to achieve socially desired outcomes in particular socially shared situations. Conducting such preliminary inquiries is thus an art, requiring not only judgment, but also imagination and poetic forms of expression aimed at creating such shared, inner landscapes among all concerned.
Human Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense Infection in Washington State
Authors: Fang Ferric C. , Billman Zachary P. , Wallis Carolyn K. , Abbott April N. , Olson John C. , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Murphy Sean C. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

A patient in Washington State harbored a fish tapeworm most likely acquired from eating raw salmon.
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense
was identified by
cox1
sequence analysis. Although this is the first documented human
D. nihonkaiense
infection in the United States, the parasite may have been present earlier but misidentified as
Diphyllobothrium latum
.
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus Interaction with Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Authors: Xu Yan , Martinez Pierre , Séron Karin , Luo Guangxiang , Allain Fabrice , Dubuisson Jean , Belouzard Sandrine 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry involves binding to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) structures. However, due to the lipoprotein-like structure of HCV, the exact contribution of virion components to this interaction remains controversial. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of HCV envelope proteins and apolipoprotein E in the HS-binding step. Deletion of hypervariable region 1, a region previously proposed to be involved in HS binding, did not alter HCV virion binding to HS, indicating that this region is not involved in this interaction in the context of a viral infection. Patient sera and monoclonal antibodies recognizing different regions of HCV envelope glycoproteins were also used in a pulldown assay with beads coated with heparin, a close HS structural homologue. Although isolated HCV envelope glycoproteins could interact with heparin, none of these antibodies was able to interfere with the virion-heparin interaction, strongly suggesting that at the virion surface, HCV envelope glycoproteins are not accessible for HS binding. In contrast, results from kinetic studies, heparin pulldown experiments, and inhibition experiments with anti-apolipoprotein E antibodies indicated that this apolipoprotein plays a major role in HCV-HS interaction. Finally, characterization of the HS structural determinants required for HCV infection by silencing of the enzymes involved in the HS biosynthesis pathway and by competition with modified heparin indicated that
N
- and 6-
O
-sulfation but not 2-
O
-sulfation is required for HCV infection and that the minimum HS oligosaccharide length required for HCV infection is a decasaccharide. Together, these data indicate that HCV hijacks apolipoprotein E to initiate its interaction with specific HS structures.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis C is a global health problem. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 130 million individuals worldwide, with the majority of cases remaining undiagnosed and untreated. In most infected individuals, the virus evades the immune system and establishes a chronic infection. As a consequence, hepatitis C is the leading cause of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. Virus infection is initiated by entry of the virus into the host cell. In this study, we provide new insights into the viral and cellular determinants involved in the first step of HCV entry, the binding of the virus to host cells. We show that apolipoprotein E is likely responsible for virus binding to heparan sulfate and that
N
- and 6-
O
-sulfation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans is required for HCV infection. In addition, the minimal HS length unit required for HCV infection is a decasaccharide.
Correlates of former smoking in patients with cerebrovascular disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Edjoc Rojiemiahd K , Reid Robert D , Sharma Mukul , Balfour Louise , Procino Michael 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo identify multilevel correlates of former smoking in patients with cerebrovascular disease.DesignSecondary data analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey.MethodsWe used data from the 2007–2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). Smoking status (former smoking vs smoker) was described by multilevel correlates of former smoking. A multilevel approach for variable selection for this study was used to understand how multiple levels in society can have an impact on former smoking. The study sample was selected from those respondents of the CCHS that reported they suffered from stroke symptoms. Logistic regression was used to predict former smoking in patients with cerebrovascular disease while controlling for multilevel confounders. Proportions were weighted to reflect the Canadian population.ResultsThere were 172 355 respondents who reported to suffer from stroke. From this sample, 36.5% were smokers and 63.5% were former smokers. Age groups 55–69 and 70–80 and higher education (secondary education +) were positively related to former smoking. Household and vehicle smoking restrictions significantly predicted former smoking. Counselling advice from a physician and having access to a general practitioner were correlates of former smoking. Finally, the use of buproprion was positively related to former smoking.ConclusionsThere are multilevel correlates of former smoking in smokers with reported stroke symptoms. These correlates include older age groups, higher education, household and vehicle smoking restrictions, pharmacotherapy use (bupropion), access to a general practitioner and counselling advice from a physician.