bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective properties of PPy‐Au nanocomposite coatings prepared by sonoelectrochemisty and optimized by the Taguchi method
Authors: Ashassi‐Sorkhabi Habib , Bagheri Robabeh , Rezaei‐Moghadam Babak 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole‐Au (PPy‐Au) nanocomposite films have been sonoelectrochemically synthesized on St‐12 steel electrodes using the galvanostatic technique. Experimental design according to the Taguchi method has been applied to optimize the factors on the synthesis of PPy‐Au nanocomposite coating. Three factors were used to design an orthogonal array L9: Synthesis time (t), Current density (I), and Concentration of HAuCl4 (C). The synthesized Au nanoparticles during polymerization were characterized by Ultraviolet–visible (UV‐visible) spectroscopy. Characterization of the surfaces was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum (EDX), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of PPy shows a smooth surface while PPy‐Au nanocomposite film has a compact morphology. Moreover, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum (EDX) is evidence for the incorporation of Au nanoparticles. The corrosion protection of coatings was investigated by open circuit potential (OCP) time trends, potentiodynamic polarization technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a NaCl 3.5% solution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41087.
Cardiovascular event‐free survival after adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer patients stratified by cardiovascular risk
Authors: Onwudiwe Nneka C. , Kwok Young , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Sorkin John D. , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Shaya Fadia T. , Daniel Mullins C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the risk of a cardiovascular event or death associated with modern radiation in a population of elderly female breast cancer patients with varying baseline cardiovascular risk. The data used for this analysis are from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End‐Results (SEER)‐Medicare database. The retrospective cohort study included women aged 66 years and older with stage 0–III breast cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2005. Women were grouped as low, intermediate, or high cardiovascular risk based on the presence of certain clinical diagnoses. The risk for the combined outcome of a hospitalization for a cardiovascular event or death within 6 months and 24 months of diagnosis was estimated using a multivariable Cox model. The median follow‐up time was 24 months. Among the 91,612 women with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 0–III breast cancer: 39,555 (43.2%) were treated with radiation therapy and 52,057 (56.8%) were not. The receipt of radiation therapy in the first 6 months was associated with a statistically significant increased risk for the combined outcome in women categorized as high risk (HR = 1.510; 95% CI, 1.396–1.634) or intermediate risk (HR = 1.415; 95% CI, 1.188–1.686) but not low risk (HR = 1.027; 95% CI, 0.798–1.321). Women with a prior medical history of cardiovascular disease treated with radiation therapy are at increased risk for an event and should be monitored for at least 6 months following treatment with radiation therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanometric Colloidal Sols of CeO2—ZrO2 Solid Solution as Catalyst Modifiers. Part 1. Preparation and Structure.
Authors: Tanimoto Kenji , Kato Hirokazu , Hidaka Miyuki , Hinokuma Satoshi , Ikeue Keita , Machida Masato 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNanometric colloidal sols of CeO2, ZrO2, and CeO2—ZrO2 are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions containing (Me4N)2CO3, ZrO(CO3), or/and Ce2(CO3)3 (autoclave, 140 °C, 3—6 h, yields given in mass%).
ChemInform Abstract: RENi9In2 (RE = Rare‐Earth Metal): Crystal Chemistry, Hydrogen Absorption, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Bigun Inna , Dzevenko Mariya , Havela Ladislav , Kalychak Yaroslav 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLnNi9In2 compounds with Ln: La—Nd, Sm—Er are prepared from the elements by arc melting followed by annealing at 970 K for one week.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of cis‐Aminocyclopentenols, Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Zaed Ahmed M. , Grafton Mark W. , Ahmad Sajjad , Sutherland Andrew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA rapid, relatively mild, and highly efficient one‐pot multistep process is developed for the preparation of (R)‐ and (S)‐aminocyclopenta‐2‐enes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Microwave‐Assisted Three‐Component Synthesis of Arylaminomethyl Acetylenes: A Facile Access to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Jiang Yubo , Huang Shaojun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted copper‐catalyzed reaction of propargyl bromides and chlorides with arylboronic acids and ammonia in water affords the title products (III) in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed S‐Arylation of Tetramethylguanidine—Heterocumulene Adducts.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh , Damghani Tahereh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA facile one‐pot protocol is developed for the reaction of tetramethylguanidine with isothiocyanates or carbon disulfide and subsequent S‐arylation of the resulting intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Complexes Featuring Bidentate Pyridine—Triazole Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Activities for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Jindabot Sudarat , Teerachanan Kriengkamol , Thongkam Pech , Kiatisevi Supavadee , Khamnaen Tossapol , Phiriyawirut Phairat , Charoenchaidet Sumate , Sooksimuang Thanasat , Kongsaeree Palangpon , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThree new palladium catalysts bearing a triazole and a pyridine moiety are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Strategy for the Catalytic, Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Indolizidine‐Based Alkaloids.
Authors: Abels Falko , Lindemann Chris , Schneider Christoph 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe presented organocatalytic, highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective vinylogous Mukaiyama‐Mannich reaction is the key step for the title strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles Featuring Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Functionalized Pendant Arms
Authors: Mendoza‐Espinosa Daniel , Negron‐Silva Guillermo , Lomas‐Romero Leticia , Gutierrez‐Carrillo Atilano , Santillan Rosa 
Published: July 2014

Abstractvia click chemistry
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of H‐Tetrazoles with Boronic Acids and an Insight into the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Liu Chao‐You , Li Yu , Ding Jin‐Ying , Dong De‐Wen , Han Fu‐She 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe development of an efficient and practical protocol for the regioselective direct C—N coupling of H‐tetrazoles and boronic acids is presented and mechanistic implications are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Indenes from Benzylidenehydrazones and Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Cheng , Yang Xu‐Heng , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe presented selective title reaction affords a broad scope of indenes and benzylidenehydrazones in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Au(I)—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complex‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Benzo[b][1,4]diazepines from N‐Substituted O‐Phenylenediamines and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Guo Pei , Zeng Xiaoming , Chen Si , Luo Meiming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple procedure is developed to synthesize benzo[b][1,4]diazepines from o‐phenylenediamine derivatives and terminal alkynes using a Au(I)‐NHC‐complex‐catalyzed hydroamination/cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrosilation of CO2 to a Bis(silylacetal) Using an Anilido Bipyridyl‐Ligated Organoscandium Catalyst.
Authors: LeBlanc Francis A. , Piers Warren E. , Parvez Masood 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMechanistic experiments suggest that the sequestration of free tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by the hemilabile carboxylate contributes to the selectivity observed and prevents over reduction to methane.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stress Management of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using Neural Network Predictive Control
Authors: Hajimolana S. A. , Tonekabonimoghadam S. M. , Hussain M. A. , Chakrabarti M. H. , Jayakumar N. S. , Hashim M. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReview: 53 refs.
Rate of Carbon Storage in Soil of Natural and Degraded Mangrove Forest in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Hemati Zhila , Hossain Mahmood , Emenike Chijioke U. , Rozainah Mohamad Zakaria 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe rate of economic advancement in developing countries is gradually becoming antagonistic to environmental protection and to this end mangrove forests are gradually disappearing. Such development potentially adds to the pain experienced from global warming. Mangrove forest protection is necessary consequent upon the evidence of its carbon sequestration potentials. Hence, this study aimed to document the carbon storage rate in the soil of Peninsular Malaysia as it relates both natural and degraded mangrove areas. While the study areas were characterized of their associated trees/plant species distribution, 18 sampling spots were used in each area for the study. Both study areas showed high organic carbon content across three climate periods: dry, wet, and intermediate seasons. However, both organic carbon content and carbon storage rate were more pronounced during the dry season. Despite the degraded nature of the Sungai Haji Dorani mangrove forest, its total carbon value of 25.26 kg C m−2 was higher compared with that found in Kuala Selangor, a natural mangrove forest (22.61 kg C m−2). The climate period plays a significant role in the accumulation of organic matter and carbon content of the mangrove forest in Malaysia which is a reflection of a significant carbon sequestration potential.
Human heart conjugate cooling simulation: Unsteady thermo‐fluid‐stress analysis
Authors: Abdoli Abas , Dulikravich George S. , Bajaj Chandrajit , Stowe David F. , Jahania M. Salik 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe main objective of this work was to demonstrate computationally that realistic human hearts can be cooled much faster by performing conjugate heat transfer consisting of pumping a cold liquid through the cardiac chambers and major veins while keeping the heart submerged in cold gelatin filling a cooling container. The human heart geometry used for simulations was obtained from three‐dimensional, high resolution CT‐angio scans. Two fluid flow domains for the right (pulmonic) and left (systemic) heart circulations, and two solid domains for the heart tissue and gelatin solution were defined for multi‐domain numerical simulation. Detailed unsteady temperature fields within the heart tissue were calculated during the conjugate cooling process. A linear thermoelasticity analysis was performed to assess the stresses applied on the heart due to the coolant fluid shear and normal forces and to examine the thermal stress caused by temperature variation inside the heart. It was demonstrated that a conjugate cooling effort with coolant temperature at +4°C is capable of reducing the average heart temperature from +37°C to +8°C in 25 minutes for cases in which the coolant was steadily pumped only through major heart inlet veins and cavities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Study on Experimentally Detected Sc2S@C84
Authors: Zhao Chong , Lei Dan , Gan Li‐Hua , Zhang Zhu‐Xia , Wang Chun‐Ru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSc2S@C84 has recently been detected but not structurally characterized.1 Density functional theory calculations on C84 and Sc2S@C84 show that the favored isomer of Sc2S@C84 shares the same parent cage as Sc2C2@C84, whereas Sc2S@C84:51383, which violates the isolated‐pentagon rule, is the second lowest energy isomer with the widest HOMO–LUMO gap and shows high kinetic stability. The analysis shows that Sc2S@C84:51575 is favored when the temperature exceeds 2 800 K and it can transform into the most favorable isomer Sc2S@C84:51591. Molecular orbital analysis indicates that both Sc2S and Sc2C2 formally transfer four electrons to the cage, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis demonstrates that there is a covalent interaction between Sc2S and C84:51591. The IR spectra of Sc2S@C84 are provided to aid future structural identification.
B12‐TiO2 Hybrid Catalyst for Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production and Hydrogenation of CC Multiple Bonds
Authors: Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe B12‐TiO2 hybrid catalyst mediates H2O reduction to form hydrogen under UV irradiation (turnover number of one per hour). The catalyst also mediates reductions of alkenes such as styrene derivatives and alkylacrylates (maximum turnover number of 100 per hour) under mild conditions of room temperature, ordinary pressure, and water or alcohol as solvent.
A Ratiometric Tetrazolylpyridine‐Based “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zinc(II) Ion in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kaleeswaran Palanichamy , Azath Ismail Abulkalam , Tharmaraj Vairaperumal , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe highly selective ratiometric “turn‐on” fluorescent sensing of Zn2+ ion involving 2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl)pyridine (2PT) in aqueous medium is reported, which is not observed when other metal ions are present. Upon 2PT binding selectively with Zn2+ ion, a fluorescence enhancement is observed that is attributed to an enhancement of localized emission and suppression of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer. The described sensing system involving 2PT is also successfully applied to the detection of Zn2+ ion in real samples with a detection limit of 7.5×10−7 M.
Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core–Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yoon Sung‐June , Myung Seung‐Taek , Noh Hyung‐Joo , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X‐ray micro‐analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X‐ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm−3) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5 % of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 60 °C. The charged electrode consisting of Li0.16[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 CGCS particles with the nanorod shell also displayed a main exothermic reaction at 279.4 °C releasing 751.7 J g−1 of heat. Due to the presence of the nanorod shell in the CGCS particles, the electrochemical and thermal properties are substantially superior to those of the CGCS particles with the nanoparticle shell.
Effect of soy isoflavones on the growth of human breast tumors: findings from preclinical studies
Authors: Kwon Youngjoo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and many women with breast cancer live more than 5 years after their diagnosis. Breast cancer patients and survivors have a greater interest in taking soy foods and isoflavone supplements. However, the effect of isoflavones on breast cancer remains controversial. Thus, it is critical to determine if and when isoflavones are beneficial or detrimental to breast cancer patients. According to the available preclinical data, high concentrations of isoflavones inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells, regardless of their estrogen receptor (ER) status. In comparison, genistein, a major isoflavone, has stimulated tumor growth at low concentrations and mitigated tamoxifen efficacy in ER‐positive breast cancer. Studies have indicated that the relative levels of genistein and estrogen at the target site are important to determine the genistein effect on the ER‐positive tumor growth. However, studies using ovariectomized mice and subcutaneous xenograft models might not truly reflect estrogen concentrations in human breast tumors. Moreover, it may be an oversimplification that isoflavones stimulate hormone‐dependent tumor growth due to their potential estrogenic effect since studies also suggest nonestrogenic anticancer effects of isoflavones and ER‐independent anticancer activity of tamoxifen. Therefore, the concentrations of isoflavones and estrogen in human breast tumors should be considered better in future preclinical studies and the parameters that can estimate those levels in breast tumors are required in human clinical/epidemiological investigation. In addition, it will be important to identify the molecular mechanisms that either inhibit or promote the growth of breast cancer cells by soy isoflavones, and use those molecules to evaluate the relevance of the preclinical findings to the human disease and to predict the health effects of isoflavones in human breast tumors.
Dynamics and Cellular Localization of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin Transcription in the Postnatal Mouse Skeleton
Authors: Pregizer Steven K , Mortlock Douglas P 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Transcription of BMPs and their antagonists in precise spatiotemporal patterns is essential for proper skeletal development, maturation, maintenance, and repair. Nevertheless, transcriptional activity of these molecules in skeletal tissues beyond embryogenesis has not been well characterized. In this study, we used several transgenic reporter mouse lines to define the transcriptional activity of two potent BMP ligands, Bmp2 and Bmp4, and their antagonist, Noggin, in the postnatal skeleton. At 3 to 4 weeks of age, Bmp4 and Noggin reporter activity was readily apparent in most cells of the osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, respectively, whereas Bmp2 reporter activity was strongest in terminally differentiated cells of both lineages. By 5 to 6 months, activity of the reporters had generally abated; however, the Noggin and Bmp2 reporters remained remarkably active in articular chondrocytes and persisted there indefinitely. We further found that endogenous Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin transcript levels in postnatal bone and cartilage mirrored the activity of their respective reporters in these tissues. Finally, we found that the activity of the Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin reporters in bone and cartilage at 3 to 4 weeks could be recapitulated in both osteogenic and chondrogenic culture models. These results reveal that Bmp2, Bmp4, and Noggin transcription persists to varying degrees in skeletal tissues postnatally, with each gene exhibiting its own cell type–specific pattern of activity. Illuminating these patterns and their dynamics will guide future studies aimed at elucidating both the causes and consequences of aberrant BMP signaling in the postnatal skeleton. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Multi‐parametric (mp) MRI of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Coffey Niamh , Schieda Nicola , Cron Greg , Gulavita Previn , Mai Kien T , Flood Trevor A. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundProstatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DCa) is an aggressive variant of conventional adenocarcinoma (CCa) with mixed DCa and CCa tumors comprising up to 5% of all prostate cancers. DCa may be underestimated on T2‐weighted (T2W) MRI. This study assessed the mp‐MRI appearance of DCa as compared with CCa.MethodsWith research ethics board approval, we identified 38 patients who underwent mp‐MRI (T2W, DWI, and DCE) and radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2012 and 2014. Eight DCa in 8 patients and 39 CCa tumor foci in 30 consecutive patients were identified.Tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC;10−3 mm2 /s), and time‐signal intensity (SI) curves were calculated. Parametric data were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis test and univariate regression. Time‐SI curves were compared using the chi‐square test.ResultsTumor volumes were: 1.62(±1.02) for DCa, 1.03(±0.54) for Gleason 9, 0.88(±0.93) for Gleason 7/8, and 0.26(±0.14) mL for Gleason 6. There was no difference in size between DCa and Gleason 9 (P = 0.22); however, DCa were larger than Gleason 7/8 (P = 0.03) and Gleason 6 (P = 0.003) tumors. ADC values were: 0.789(±0.22) for DCa, 1.01(±0.19) for Gleason 9, 0.992(±0.23) for Gleason 7/8 and 1.389(±0.41) 10−3 mm2 /s for Gleason 6 tumors. There was no difference in ADC between DCa and Gleason 9 (P = 0.14) or Gleason 7/8 (P = 0.055) tumors. There was a difference in ADC for DCa and Gleason ≥7 CCa compared to Gleason 6 tumors, (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012). All DCa demonstrated type III time‐SI curves. Gleason ≥ 7 tumors demonstrated type II/III curves. Gleason 6 tumors demonstrated Type I/II time‐SI curves. There was no difference in curve type between groups, (P = 0.18).ConclusionAlthough DCa mimics Gleason score 3 + 3 = 6 tumor at T2W MRI; DCa resembles Gleason ≥7 CCa on mp‐MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1639–1645. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attitudes toward professionalism education in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery residency programs
Authors: Nichols Brent G. , Stadler Michael E. , Poetker David M. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisResident professionalism development is important for physician training and patient care. Meaningful professionalism curriculum requires collaboration between learners and educators. We aimed to better understand attitudes of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) program directors (PDs) and residents toward professionalism education.Study DesignProspective survey.MethodsWe identified contemporary methods of professionalism evaluation and education and formulated questions to assess attitudes toward professionalism education. Surveys were electronically distributed to 104 PDs who were asked to forward a separate survey to residents.ResultsThe resident survey was completed by 110 OHNS residents, and the PD survey was completed by 33 OHNS PDs. The majority of residents (78%) and faculty (84%) believed professionalism could be taught. Role modeling (93%) and morbidity and mortality conference (90%) were the most common methods of education. Faculty questionnaires (100%) and nursing/ancillary staff questionnaires (93%) were the most common methods of resident evaluation. The majority of residents considered faculty mentoring (66%) and small group discussions (56%) to be useful methods for teaching professionalism, whereas only 14% considered formal lectures useful. Residents valued questionnaires by faculty (98%), medical staff (97%), and patients (94%) for professionalism evaluation.ConclusionWe are the first to study OHNS residents and PDs attitudes toward professionalism evaluation and education. Residents value mentoring programs and small group sessions rather than formal didactics and value evaluation from multiple sources. Programs should consider incorporating these specific educational and evaluative methods into their professionalism curricula.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:348–353, 2015