bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'indépendance de l'Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires
Authors: Cospérec Béatrice 
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’Autorité de régulation des activités ferroviaires (ARAF) a été créée par la loi n˚ 2009‑1503 du 8 décembre 2009 relative à l’organisation et à la régulation des transports ferroviaires, afin de « concourir au bon fonctionnement du service public et des activités concurrentielles de transport ferroviaire, au bénéfice des usagers et clients des services de transport ferroviaire ». Elle dispose de la personnalité juridique et d’une indépendance budgétaire. Le mode de nomination des membres de son collège, les caractéristiques de leur mandat et les conditions d’exercice de leur fonction assurent leur impartialité. Ses décisions ne sont pas soumises à l’approbation du gouvernement. Les conditions de son indépendance sont donc pleinement réunies. Cela étant, c’est bien l’efficacité de l’Autorité et la pertinence de ses décisions qui fonderont sa crédibilité et conforteront son indépendance.
Cardiac Tamponade After Removal of Temporary Pacer Wires
Authors: Mahon Linda , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon M. , Albert Nancy M. 
Published: November 2012

Background
After removal of temporary pacemaker wires, nurses measure vital signs frequently to assess for cardiac tamponade; however, evidence for this procedure is limited.

Objectives
To determine risk factors for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal.

Methods
Retrospective review of data for coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery (N = 23 717) performed from January 1999 to December 2008. Patients were categorized by reason for reoperation: bleeding less than 3 days after initial surgery (n = 812, group 1), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery but not for cardiac tamponade (n = 171, group 2), bleeding 3 days or more after index surgery for cardiac tamponade after temporary pacemaker wire removal (n = 23, group 3), and no reoperation (n = 22 711, group 4).

Results
Less than 1% (9.7 cases/10 000) of patients required reoperation for cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires. Of patient-related factors studied, only smoking history differed for group 3 vs group 1 (P = .03) and group 2 (P = .01). Of vital sign changes, 1 patient (4%) had tachycardia and 3 patients had cardiac arrest, but only 1 of the 3 had hypotension before the arrest. In total, 12 patients (52%) had hypotension; however, it was mild or intermittent in 5 cases, and did not occur within the 4 hours after wire removal in 3 cases. After removal of temporary pacing wires, common early signs/symptoms were bleeding (26%) and dyspnea (26%). Other documented changes were pressure in the chest, diaphoresis, cold and clammy skin, dizziness, and mental status changes.

Conclusions
Tamponade related to pacer wire removal was rare and not consistently associated with changes in vital signs. Dyspnea, bleeding, and other factors may indicate early onset of cardiac tamponade after removal of temporary pacer wires.
Endometrial Thickness as Diagnostic Triage for Endometrial Cancer Among Black Individuals
Authors: Doll Kemi M. , Pike Mindy , Alson Julianna , Williams Patrice , Carey Erin , Stürmer Til , Wood Mollie , Marsh Erica E. , Katz Ronit , Robinson Whitney R. 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePoor performance of the transvaginal ultrasonography triage strategy has been suggested as a contributor to racial disparity between Black individuals and White individuals in endometrial cancer (EC) stage at diagnosis in population-level simulation analyses.ObjectivesTo examine the false-negative probability using ultrasonography-measured endometrial thickness (ET) thresholds as triage for EC diagnosis among Black individuals and assess whether known risk factors of EC modify ET triage performance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective diagnostic study of merged abstracted electronic health record data and secondary administrative data (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020) from the Guidelines for Transvaginal Ultrasound in the Detection of Early Endometrial Cancer sample assessed Black individuals who underwent hysterectomy in a 10-hospital academic-affiliated health care system and affiliated outpatient practices. Data analysis was performed from January 31, 2023, to November 30, 2023.ExposurePelvic ultrasonography within 24 months before hysterectomy.Main Outcome and MeasuresUltrasonography performed before hysterectomy as well as demographic and clinical data on symptom presentation, endometrial characterization, and final EC diagnosis were abstracted. Endometrial thickness thresholds were examined for accuracy in ruling out EC diagnosis by using sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value. False-negative probability was defined as 1 − sensitivity. Accuracy measures were stratified by risk factors for EC and by factors hypothesized to influence ET measurement quality.ResultsA total of 1494 individuals with a uterus (median [IQR] age, 46.1 [41.1-54.0] years) comprised the sample, and 210 had EC. Fibroids (1167 [78.1%]), vaginal bleeding (1067 [71.4%]), and pelvic pain (857 [57.4%]) were the most common presenting diagnoses within 30 days of ultrasonography. Applying the less than 5-mm ET threshold, there was an 11.4% probability that someone with EC would be classified as not having EC (n = 24). At the 4-mm (cumulative) threshold, the probability was 9.5%, and at 3 mm, it was 3.8%. False-negative probability at the 5-mm threshold was similar among EC risk factor groups: postmenopausal bleeding (12.4%; 95% CI, 7.8%-18.5%), body mass index greater than 40 (9.3%; 95% CI, 3.1%-20.3%); and age 50 years or older (12.8%; 95% CI, 8.4%-18.5%). False-negative probability was also similar among those with fibroids on ultrasonography (11.8%; 95% CI, 6.9%-18.4%) but higher in the setting of reported partial ET visibility (26.1%; 95% CI, 10.2%-48.4%) and pelvic pain (14.5%; 95% CI, 7.7%-23.9%).Conclusion and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the transvaginal ultrasonography triage strategy is not reliable among Black adults at risk for EC. In the presence of postmenopausal bleeding, tissue sampling is strongly recommended.
Inequities Associated With Advanced Stage at Presentation of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ioerger Patrick , Mills Kale , Wagoner Sarah F. , Lawrence Amelia , Alapati Rahul , Nallani Rohit , Hamill Chelsea S. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Sykes Kevin J. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSocial determinants of health (SDoH) are defined by a wide range of factors (eg, built environment, economic stability, education level, discrimination, racism, access to health care). Advanced stage at presentation or delayed diagnosis heavily influences health outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). While the drivers of advanced-stage presentation come from a multitude of sources, SDoH plays an outsized role.ObjectiveTo systematically review the published literature to identify which SDoH are established as risk factors for delayed diagnosis or advanced stage at presentation among patients with HNC.Evidence ReviewIn this systematic review, a literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted on February 27, 2023, using keywords related to advanced stage at presentation and delayed diagnosis of HNC between 2013 and 2023. Quality assessment was evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Articles were included if they focused on US-based populations and factors associated with advanced stage at presentation or delayed diagnosis of HNC.FindingsOverall, 50 articles were included for full-text extraction, of which 30 (60%) were database studies. Race was the most commonly reported variable (46 studies [92%]), with Black race (43 studies [93%]) being the most studied racial group showing an increased risk of delay in diagnosis of HNC. Other commonly studied variables that were associated with advanced stage at presentation included sex and gender (41 studies [82%]), insurance status (25 studies [50%]), geographic region (5 studies [10%]), and socioeconomic status (20 studies [40%]). Male sex, lack of insurance, rurality, and low socioeconomic status were all identified as risk factors for advanced stage at presentation.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review provides a comprehensive list of factors that were associated with advanced HNC stage at presentation. Future studies should focus on evaluating interventions aimed at addressing the SDoH in communities experiencing disparities to provide a net positive effect on HNC care.
Comparing DAPSA, DAPSA28, and DAS28‐CRP in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Initiating a First Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Across Nine European Countries
Authors: Linde Louise , Georgiadis Stylianos , Ørnbjerg Lykke M. , Rasmussen Simon H. , Michelsen Brigitte , Askling Johan , Di Giuseppe Daniela , Wallman Johan K. , Závada Jakub , Pavelka Karel , Bernardes Miguel , Matos Carolina O. , Glintborg Bente , Loft Anne Gitte , Nordström Dan , Kuusalo Laura , Möller Burkhard , Nissen Michael J. , Codreanu Catalin , Mogosan Corina , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Love Thorvardur Jon , Akleylek Cansu , Iannone Florenzo , Kvien Tore K. , Rotar Ziga , Castrejon Isabel , Macfarlane Gary J. , Hetland Merete L. , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveBecause 66/68 joint counts are not always performed in routine care, we aimed to determine which of the modified 28‐joint disease activity index for psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA28) or 28‐joint disease activity score with C‐reactive protein (DAS28‐CRP) should be preferred for monitoring disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) when the original DAPSA (66/68 joints) is not available.MethodsProspectively collected real‐world data of European bionaive patients with PsA initiating a first tumor necrosis factor inhibitor were pooled. Remission and response status were evaluated at 6 months by remission (DAPSA ≤ 4, DAPSA28 ≤ 4, and DAS28‐CRP < 2.6), response (75% improvement for DAPSA and DAPSA28), and combined EULAR good/moderate responses for DAS28‐CRP. Logistic regression analyses on multiple imputed data were used to identify baseline predictors.ResultsRemission and response cohorts included 3,159 and 1,866 patients, respectively. The 6‐month proportions achieving remission/response were DAPSA (27%/44%), DAPSA28 (28%/44%), and DAS28‐CRP (59%/80%). Of 14 possible baseline predictors, 11 predicted both DAPSA and DAPSA28 remission (8 of which also predicted their response, indicated by “*”): longer disease duration*, male sex*, and higher CRP* were positive, whereas older age*, higher body mass index*, patient fatigue*, and global, physician global, health assessment questionnaire score*, and tender and swollen* joint counts were negative predictors. Eight and five of these predicted DAS28‐CRP remission and response, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with PsA, DAPSA28 should be preferred over DAS28‐CRP as a substitute for DAPSA when 66/68 joint counts are not available because of the large overlap in remission and response status and in predictors between DAPSA and DAPSA28.
Minimal Detectable Changes of the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index, Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐29 Profile Version 2.0 Domains, and Patient Health Questionnaire‐8 in People With Systemic Sclerosis: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alkan Afra , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Henry Richard S. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Bartlett Susan J. , Gietzen Amy , Gottesman Karen , Guillot Geneviève , Lawrie‐Jones Amanda , Hudson Marie , Hummers Laura K. , Malcarne Vanessa L. , Mayes Maureen D. , Mouthon Luc , Richard Michelle , Wojeck Robyn K. , Worron‐Sauvé Maureen , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D. ,   the Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Investigators
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disorder associated with disability, diminished physical function, fatigue, pain, and mental health concerns. We assessed minimal detectable changes (MDCs) of the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System‐29 Profile version 2.0 (PROMIS‐29v2.0) domains, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐8 in people with SSc.MethodsScleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network Cohort participants completed the HAQ‐DI, PROMIS‐29v2.0 domains, and PHQ‐8 at baseline assessments from April 2014 until August 2023. We estimated MDC95 (smallest change that can be detected with 95% certainty) and MDC90 (smallest change that can be detected with 90% certainty) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated via the percentile bootstrapping method resampling 1,000 times. We compared MDC estimates by age, sex, and SSc subtype.ResultsA total of 2,571 participants were included. Most were female (n = 2,241; 87%), and 38% (n = 976) had diffuse SSc. Mean (±SD) age was 54.9 (±12.7) years and duration since onset of first non‐Raynaud phenomenon symptom was 10.8 (±8.7) years. MDC95 estimate was 0.41 points (95% CI 0.40–0.42) for the HAQ‐DI, between 4.88 points (95% CI 4.72–5.05) and 9.02 points (95% CI 8.80–9.23) for the seven PROMIS‐29v2.0 domains, and 5.16 points (95% CI 5.06–5.26) for the PHQ‐8. MDC95 estimates were not materially different across subgroups.ConclusionMDC95 and MDC90 estimates were precise and similar across age, sex, and SSc subtype groups. HAQ‐DI MDC95 and MDC90 were substantially larger than previous estimates of HAQ‐DI minimal important difference from several small studies. Minimally important differences of all measures should be evaluated in large studies using anchor‐based methods.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Polyphenol‐Cysteine Nanoparticles Regulating AMPK‐Mediated Mitochondrial Homeostasis for Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yu Shufan , Du Jing , Zhang Qun , Li Zhao , Ge Shaohua , Ma Baojin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMitochondria are the energy source for basal cell functions as well as for tissue repair and regeneration. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by bone tissue injury can cause cell oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, negatively affecting osteogenic differentiation and tissue repair. However, efficient scavenging of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. In this study, mitochondria‐targeted polyphenol/amino acid assembled nanoparticles (denoted as EC NPs) are constructed, which can achieve efficient intracellular ROS scavenging, especially for mtROS, recover the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhance the inherent antioxidant system by increasing the antioxidase activity and GSH levels, following the re‐establishment of redox homeostasis. The EC NPs promoted AMPK‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby providing more energy for osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the EC NPs not only recovered the osteogenic potential of the stem cells under oxidative stress but also demonstrated the ability to directly promote osteogenic differentiation by activating the cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the EC NPs significantly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and facilitated bone regeneration with a higher bone mass and bone mineral density. Thus, this multifunctional mitochondria‐targeted nanosystem represents a promising therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration based on mitochondrial homeostasis regulation.
Photothermal Effect of Cu NCs on CdS Homojunction Boosting Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Tang Yuan , Sun Yan , Li Yanfang , Guo Yuchen , Liu Boxin , Tan Xin , Hu Zhuofeng , Zhong Dichang , Ye Jinhua , Yu Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping photocatalysts with desired activity and stability toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater is of prime significance but still pressingly challenging. Herein, cuprum nanoclusters (CuNCs) are anchored on the surface of cadmium sulphide homojunctions (CdS‐H) with unsaturated edge sulphur (S) by an in situ photoreduction technique, which promotes the stability and hydrogen evolution of photocatalyst in the process of alkaline seawater hydrogen (H2) evolution (15.5 mmol g−1 h−1) with an apparent quantum yield of 11.0% at 450.0 nm. It is comprehensively confirmed that the unsaturated edge S not only effectively anchored Cu NCs but also promoted the adsorption of chloride ion (Cl−) ions, which suppressed the oxidation of lattice S and modulated the stability of the photocatalyst in alkaline seawater. The photothermal effect induced by the anchored Cu NCs accelerated the reaction kinetics, and the directional migration of the photocarrier at the metal‐semiconductor interface is demonstrated via the in situ method. This work affords a new perspective to rational design photocatalysts with high stability and superior performance in alkaline seawater.
Large Nonhysteretic Volume Magnetostriction in a Strong and Ductile High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Gou Junming , Pan Yun , Yang Tianzi , Liu Yao , Liu Guoxin , Chen Ying , Zhang Changsheng , Li Hao , Lv Bojiang , Liu Chang , Xia Weixing , Ma Tianyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRapid development of smart technologies poses a big challenge for magnetostrictive materials, which should not only permit isotropic and hysteresis‐free actuation (i.e., nonhysteretic volume change) in magnetic fields, but also have high strength and high ductility. Unfortunately, the magnetostriction from self‐assembly of ferromagnetic domains is volume‐conserving; the volume magnetostriction from field‐induced first‐order phase transition has large intrinsic hysteresis; and most prototype magnetostrictive materials are intrinsically brittle. Here, a magnetic high‐entropy alloy (HEA) Fe35Co35Al10Cr10Ni10 is reported that can rectify these challenges, exhibiting an unprecedented combination of large nonhysteretic volume magnetostriction, high tensile strength and large elongation strain, over a wide working temperature range from room temperature down to 100 K. Its exceptional properties stem from a dual‐phase microstructure, where the face‐centered cubic (FCC) matrix phase with nanoscale compositional and structural fluctuations can enable a magnetic‐field‐induced transition from low‐spin small‐volume state to high‐spin large‐volume state, and the ordered body‐centered cubic (BCC) B2 phase contributes to mechanical strengthening. The present findings may provide insights into designing unconventional and technologically important magnetostrictive materials.
New Engineering Science Insights into the Electrode Materials Pairing of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Qu Longbing , Wang Peiyao , Motevalli Benyamin , Liang Qinghua , Wang Kangyan , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Li Dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPairing the positive and negative electrodes with their individual dynamic characteristics at a realistic cell level is essential to the practical optimal design of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the complex relationship between the performance data measured for individual electrodes and the two‐electrode cells used in practice often makes an optimal pairing experimentally challenging. Taking advantage of the developed tunable graphene‐based electrodes with controllable structure, experiments with machine learning are successfully united to generate a large pool of capacitance data for graphene‐based electrode materials with varied slit pore sizes, thicknesses, and charging rates and numerically pair them into different combinations for two‐electrode cells. The results show that the optimal pairing parameters of positive and negative electrodes vary considerably with the operation rate of the cells and are even influenced by the thickness of inactive components. The best‐performing individual electrode does not necessarily result in optimal cell‐level performance. The machine learning‐assisted pairing approach presents much higher efficiency compared with the traditional trial‐and‐error approach for the optimal design of supercapacitors. The new engineering science insights observed in this work enable the adoption of artificial intelligence techniques to efficiently translate well‐developed high‐performance individual electrode materials into real energy storage devices.
Electron Beam Restructuring of Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Nedić Sergei , Yamamura Karin , Gale Angus , Aharonovich Igor , Toth Milos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) holds promise as a solid state, van der Waals host of single photon emitters for on‐chip quantum photonics. The B‐center defect emitting at 436 nm is particularly compelling as it can be generated by electron beam irradiation. However, the emitter generation mechanism is unknown, the robustness of the method is variable, and it has only been applied successfully to thick flakes of hBN (≫ 10 nm). Here, it is used in situ time‐resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy to investigate the kinetics of B‐center generation. It is shown that the generation of B‐centers is accompanied by quenching of a carbon‐related emission at ≈305 nm and that both processes are rate‐limited by electromigration of defects in the hBN lattice. It identifies problems that limit the efficacy and reproducibility of the emitter generation method and solve them using a combination of optimized electron beam parameters and hBN pre‐and postprocessing treatments. It is achieved B‐center quantum emitters in hBN flakes as thin as 8 nm, elucidate the mechanisms responsible for electron beam restructuring of quantum emitters in hBN, and gain insights toward the identification of the atomic structure of the B‐center quantum emitter.
Photocatalytic α‐Difluoroalkoxyketones Synthesis via Radical Intermolecular Alkoxylation of Difluoroenol Silyl Ethers
Authors: Paut Julien , Baldon Simone , Anselmi Elsa , Dell'Amico Luca , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a metal‐free photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of difluoroalkoxylatedketones. This strategy involves the generation of alkoxyl radicals from pyridinium salts upon the activity of a catalytic electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. This mild process tolerates several functional groups and can be scaled up to gram scale. Diverse products manipulations accounts for the versatility of the obtained fluorinated products, highlighting the synthetic usefulness of this method.