bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running the penultimate lap of the race: A multimethod analysis of growth, generativity, career orientation, and personality amongst men in mid/late career
Authors: Arnold John , Clark Mike 
Published: May 2015

The dynamics of development in mid/late career are relatively uncharted territory in empirical research and represent a point of intersection between work/organizational psychology and lifespan developmental psychology. Using multimethod data from a study of 41 men aged between 45 and 55, we investigated the correlates and compatibility of two key developmental phenomena at this career stage: personal growth and generativity. We found that a forward momentum career orientation (not necessarily in the form of hierarchical advancement) was positively associated with personal growth and generativity, whereas a preoccupation with career maintenance had strong negative relationships with both. However, men's orientation towards their career did not uniquely predict growth or generativity when these variables were also regressed on the personality traits of ego resiliency and ego development, suggesting that personality more than subjective career stage is the root of a positive experience of mid/late career. We also conclude that the importance of personal growth is not confined to the first half of career and that contributing to others (i.e., generativity) is compatible with the ostensibly self‐focused concerns of growth. Differences between findings from self‐report questionnaire and coded interview narratives suggest that method matters in the investigation of these constructs.Practitioner points

Personal growth is relevant to many people in mid–late career. Therefore, it is important not to assume that people at this stage are content to ‘coast’ towards retirement.

Generativity – a desire to contribute to current and future generations – is also important for many workers in mid–late career. It can be expressed in various ways and is not confined to the stereotypical mentoring role. Organizations should therefore facilitate and reward older workers’ generative contributions to mainstream activities.

A sense of forward momentum in career is associated with growth and generativity. In contrast, a maintenance career orientation (i.e., holding on to prior gains) is associated with less positive results. Discerning a person's career orientation is therefore a quick route to knowing whether they are likely to seek challenges and contribute to the well‐being and development of others at this career stage.

Relatively stable personality attributes appear to lie behind both career orientation and growth and generativity in mid–late career. Therefore, it may be difficult to achieve change in the way people approach this part of their career.
Temporal Dynamics of Tomato Severe Rugose Virus and Bemisia tabaci in Tomato Fields in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Júlio C. , Rezende Jorge A. M. , Amorim Lilian , Filho Armando Bergamin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTemporal progress of a begomovirus disease in tomato fields and the abundance of its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, were evaluated during three consecutive tomato plantings in the municipality of Sumaré, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 2006 and 2007. The incidence of symptomatic plants and the number of adult whiteflies were weekly monitored on experimental plots randomly chosen in tomato commercial fields. Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) was identified as the causal agent of the disease, and its relationships with other Brazilian begomoviruses was confirmed by partial and complete nucleotide sequencing of the viral genome. The disease temporal progress was analysed by fitting different models to disease incidence. The monomolecular model showed the best fit, which is consistent with a predominant role of primary spread in the epidemiology of ToSRV. A higher number of adult whiteflies were observed at the borders of the plots, also suggesting primary spread of ToSRV from external sources of inoculum, which might be represented by weeds and volunteer tomato‐infected plants. In Brazil, since 2004, there is a legislative measure that mandates, for some regions of processing tomato plantings, a 2‐month crop‐free period during the year. Based on our results, we suggest the extension of this measure to all tomato‐producing regions, including fresh market tomato. We also suggest that growers emphasize the elimination of old plants from harvested fields that can serve as virus reservoirs several weeks prior to new plantings and weeds nearby the fields to limit the primary spread of ToSRV.
Two Endopolygalacturonase Genes in Trichoderma virens: In Silico Characterization and Expression during Interaction with Plants
Authors: Baroncelli Riccardo , Matarese Fabiola , Moncini Lorenzo , Vannacci Giovanni , Vergara Mariarosaria 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ability of Trichoderma spp. to antagonize most phytopathogenic fungi and to interact with plants by inducing their resistance and promoting their growth has been widely described. Endopolygalacturonases (endoPGs) produced by Trichoderma spp. can assist root penetration and play a pre‐eliciting role in induced systemic resistance (ISR), a beneficial effect detected in plants colonized by Trichoderma. In this study, two endoPG genes (Tvpg1 and Tvpg2) have been identified and partially characterized in a T. virens isolate, previously investigated for its antagonistic ability in several biological systems. An extensive in silico analysis showed relatively low sequence similarities (53%) between TvPG1 and TvPG2 proteins and underscored interesting phylogenetic relationships in the comparison of endoPG genes among fungal genomes. The phylogeny of endoPGs suggests a differentiation in action mechanisms associated with biological functions as one cluster shows only genes from plant‐interacting organisms. A gene expression analysis demonstrated a different regulation pattern for those genes. The Tvpg1 gene was induced both when the fungus was grown in liquid cultures supplemented with pectin or plant cell walls and when it was applied to tomato roots in a growth chamber. Expression times were comparable in both systems. On the contrary, the Tvpg2 gene displayed a constitutive expression in all conditions tested, including controls. The molecular communication between tomato roots and T. virens was investigated by checking the expression of a tomato PGIP (Lepgip1) in roots colonized by fungal mycelium. The Lepgip1 transcript was induced at times coincident with Tvpg1 expression, suggesting a correlation between the two gene products. This paper reports the results of first investigations of T. virens endoPG genes performed on a structural, phylogenetic and functional level.
Coagulation status in dogs with naturally occurring Angiostrongylus vasorum infection
Authors: Adamantos S. , Waters S. , Boag A. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVESAngiostrongylus vasorum infection is associated with bleeding tendencies in approximately one‐third of clinical cases. The cause of the coagulopathy is poorly understood but may be related to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromboelastography is a global evaluation of coagulation and has not been described in a cohort of dogs with this disease.MATERIALS AND METHODSThromboelastography in association with other measures of coagulation including prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, antithrombin percentage activity and D‐dimer and von Willebrand factor concentrations was evaluated in a group of 30 dogs with A. varosum infection.RESULTSA total of 18 dogs had signs of bleeding on physical examination. Thromboelastography was consistent with hypocoagulation in 17 of these dogs. There was no association between any of the other measures and hypocoagulation on thromboelastography. Abnormal coagulation times were not significantly associated with bleeding. Only fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower in dogs that were bleeding compared with those that were not (P = 0 · 026). D‐dimer concentrations were increased in 22/25 cases in the study; however, other coagulation parameters were more variable.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAlthough the changes identified in this study were not consistent, there is activation of coagulation within this population, possibly consistent with an intravascular disseminated coagulopathy.
Climatological correlates of seed size in Amazonian forest trees
Authors: Malhado Ana C.M. , Oliveira‐Neto Jose A. , Stropp Juliana , Strona Giovanni , Dias Livia C.P. , Pinto Luciana B. , Ladle Richard J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuestionDo precipitation, temperature and seasonality drive variation in the seed size of Amazonian tree genera?LocationAmazonia.MethodsWe use a combination of global biodiversity information facility (GBIF) records, climatic data from BIOCLIM and seed size categories derived from the literature.ResultsTree genera with very small seeds were associated with lower temperatures and higher seasonality, but not with precipitation; the opposite patterns being observed for trees with large seeds. These correlations remained even when the numerically dominant (and ecologically specialized) Fabaceae were removed from the analysis.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that Amazonian tree genera with smaller seeds occur more frequently in transitional or seasonal forests, and genera with large seeds are more associated with climatically stable rain forests (warmer and less seasonality). These results are broadly consistent with the ‘recruitment hypothesis’, which predicts that large seeds have a competitive advantage in closed canopy forest vegetation.
A repeat photograph analysis of long‐term vegetation change in semi‐arid South Africa in response to land use and climate
Authors: Masubelele Mmoto L. , Hoffman Michael T. , Bond William J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuestionsHow has the vegetation of the major biomes (Grassland, Nama‐karoo, Albany Thicket, Azonal) of southeastern South Africa changed over the course of the 20th century? How do changes in climate and land‐use drivers relate to long‐term changes in vegetation? What are the implications of these findings for land degradation hypotheses and future climate change projections for the region?LocationThe biogeographically complex semi‐arid, Karoo Midlands region of the southeastern part of South Africa.MethodsWe re‐photographed 65 historical landscape photographs, the majority of which dated from 1950 to 1970, to measure long‐term changes in the cover of grasses, dwarf shrubs, tall shrubs and alien plants. The cover of each growth form as well as total vegetation cover was estimated from matched photograph pairs with the aid of detailed cover estimates recorded in the field. The change in cover was relativized between sites by dividing the difference in cover between the two time steps by the number of years between photographs, expressed as the percentage change in cover per decade. Significant changes in mean annual rainfall and the standardized precipitation index (SPI) from 27 climate stations were assessed using a Mann‐Kendall test for trend. This non‐parametric test was also used to assess the significance of long‐term trends in the number of cattle, sheep and goats in each of the biomes over the period 1911–1996.ResultsGrass cover and total vegetation cover had increased by between 1.0% to 4.5% per decade and 2.0% to 4.5% per decade, respectively, in all biomes investigated. In contrast, the cover of dwarf shrubs had decreased significantly by between 0.25% and 3.0% per decade, although not significantly so in the Nama‐karoo biome. The change in tall shrub cover varied between different biomes but had generally increased in the study area. Alien plants were absent in the historical photographs and had increased significantly but only in Azonal habitats, where increases of 1.5% per decade were recorded. For the majority of climate stations no significant trend in mean annual rainfall and SPI values was recorded, while stocking rate had declined significantly in all biomes by between 36% and 48% from 1911 to 1996.ConclusionsThe findings support the hypothesis that vegetation cover and condition has improved in the semi‐arid regions of South Africa. These findings are discussed in light of future projections for the region.
Suspension of oysters reduces the populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Cole K.M. , Supan J. , Ramirez A. , Johnson C.N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) and Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) are associated with the consumption of raw oysters and cause illnesses ranging from simple gastroenteritis to life-threatening septicaemia. These halophilic bacteria are frequently found in marine and estuarine systems, accumulating within the tissues of a number of aquatic organisms and passing on to humans after consumption, through contaminated water, or via open wounds. As benthic organisms capable of filtering 40 gallons of water per hour, sediment is an important source of potentially pathogenic vibrios in oysters destined for raw consumption. This research used off-bottom oyster culture to reduce vibrio concentrations in oysters. Colony hybridization was used to enumerate Vp and Vv in bottom and suspended oysters. Vv and Vp concentrations were generally lower in oysters suspended off-bottom, and suspension decreased vibrio loads in oysters by an average of 13%. Suspension of oysters reduced vibrio concentrations.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study found that oyster suspension significantly reduced some populations of potentially pathogenic vibrios. These results indicate that oyster suspension could be a viable approach for preharvest treatment to reduce illness in consumers of raw oysters.
Nares‐to‐carina distance in children: does a ‘modified Morgan formula’ give useful guidance during nasal intubation?
Authors: Hunyady Agnes I. , Otto Randolph K. , Christensen Alexis , Jonmarker Christer 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundKnowledge of the normal nares‐to‐carina (NC) distance might prevent accidental bronchial intubation and be helpful when designing preformed endotracheal tubes (ETT).ObjectiveThe aim was to measure NC distance and to examine whether a height/length‐based ‘modified Morgan formula’ would give useful guidance for nasotracheal ETT depth positioning.MethodsTwo groups were studied. A younger group consisted of nasally intubated postoperative patients. In these, NC distance was obtained as the sum of ETT length and the distance from the ETT tip to the carina, as measured from an anteroposterior chest X‐ray. An older group consisted of children who had undergone computerized tomography (CT) examination including head, neck, and chest. In these, NC was measured directly from the CT image. The modified Morgan formula was derived from the NC vs height/length relationship.ResultsNares‐to‐carina distance was best predicted by a linear equation based on patient height. The equation in the younger group (1 day–8 years, n = 57) was: NC (cm) = 0.14 × height + 5.8, R2 = 0.90, and in the older group (2.1–20 years, n = 45): NC (cm) = 0.15 × height + 3.4, R2 = 0.93. The equation for the groups combined (n = 102) was: NC (cm) = 0.14 × height + 6.2, R2 = 0.97. Based on the latter equation, a modified Morgan formula was identified as: ETT position at nares in cm = 0.12 × height + 5. If the ETT had been placed as calculated by this formula, the ETT tip would have been at 85 + 5% (mean ± sd) of NC distance, and the ETT tip‐to‐carina distance would have been 3.1 ± 1.1 cm (range 0–6.6). Bronchial intubation would not have occurred in any child, but a comparison to tracheal length measurements indicates that ETT tip position could be too proximal in some children.ConclusionThe study confirms previous reports: NC distance can be well predicted from height/length. A modified Morgan formula might decrease the risk for accidental endobronchial intubation in infants and children, but ETT position need to be confirmed by auscultation or other verification.
Genetic and reproductive characterisation of seasonal flowering morphs ofGentianella bohemicarevealed strong reproductive isolation and possible single origin
Authors: Plenk K. , Göd F. , Kriechbaum M. , Kropf M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhenotypic polymorphism represents the most obvious type of intraspecific diversity raising scientific interest in its evolution and maintenance. We studied the regional endemicGentianella bohemica, which exhibits an early‐ and a late‐flowering morph. Genetic variation and structuring were investigated in relation to potential pollination and mating system differences, to verify hypotheses of evolutionary integrity, origin, and reproductive isolation of both flowering morphs. We identified the rarer early‐flowering morph as an independent genetic entity, being more selfing, likely stronger pollinator‐limited and reproductively isolated. All analysed populations showed strong among population differentiation and low overall genetic diversity due to habitat fragmentation and reduced population sizes. These results indicate likely inbreeding, but we also found evidence for possible outbreeding depression in the late‐flowering morph. BothG. bohemicamorphs are characteristic of traditionally used, nutrient‐poor grasslands, but they represent independent conservation units and need temporally adapted management. We, therefore, also briefly discuss our results in the general context of conservation activities in relation to intraspecific polymorphisms and strongly argue for their formal and consequent consideration.
Diel trends in stomatal response to ozone and water deficit: a unique relationship of midday values to growth and allometry in Pima cotton?
Authors: Grantz D. A. , Paudel R. , Vu H.‐B. , Shrestha A. , Grulke N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPlant responses to ozone (O3) and water deficit (WD) are commonly observed, although less is known about their interaction. Stomatal conductance (gs) is both an impact of these stressors and a protective response to them. Stomatal closure reduces inward flux of O3and outward flux of water. Stomatal measurements are generally obtained at midday when gas exchange is maximal, but these may not be adequate surrogates for stomatal responses observed at other times of day, nor for non‐stomatal responses. Here, we find in Pima cotton that stomatal responses to O3observed at midday do not reflect responses at other times. Stomata were more responsive to O3andWDnear midday, despite being at quasi‐steady state, than during periods of active opening or closing in morning or evening. Stomatal responsivity to O3was not coincident with maximum gas exchange or with periods of active regulation, but coincident with plant sensitivity to O3previously determined in this cultivar. Responses of pigmentation and shoot productivity were more closely related to stomatal responses at midday than to responses at other times of day under well‐watered (WW) conditions, reflecting higher stomatal responsivity, sensitivity to O3, and magnitude of middaygs. Under WD conditions, shoot responses were more closely related to early morning gs. Root responses were more closely related to early morning gsunder both WW and WD. Responses of stomata to O3at midday were not good surrogates for stomatal responses early or late in the day, and may not adequately predicting O3flux under WD or when maximum ambient concentrations do not occur near midday.
The response of lake margin sedimentary systems to climatically driven lake level fluctuations: Middle Devonian, Orcadian Basin, Scotland
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Hartley Adrian J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLake margin sedimentary systems can provide highly sensitive records of sedimentary response to climate change. The Middle Old Red Sandstone of Northern Scotland comprises a thick succession of cyclic lacustrine sediments. Within this succession the deepest lake phase, the Achanarras fish bed, allows bed‐scale correlation over 160 km across the basin. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the character of synchronous lake margin deposits, and their response to climatically driven lake level fluctuations, across a large continental basin. Detailed characterization of two separate lake margin systems was carried out utilizing multiple sections in western Orkney, in the north, and Easter Ross, in the south. Seven facies have been recognized, which include upper and lower shoreface, deep lake, shallow lake, playa, turbidite and fluvial facies. Differences in vertical and lateral facies stacking patterns reflect the response of these systems to climatically driven fluctuations in lake level. Comparison of the northern and southern systems examined highlights the variable response of lake margin systems to the same climatic change and related lake level fluctuations. In the south, a greater fluvial influence is recognized on the development of the lake margin successions, whereas in the northern example, which lay on the downwind margin of the lake, shore zone facies are more commonly developed. The variability recognized can be accounted for by regional variations in sediment supply, coastal physiography, lake size, bathymetry and potential fetch. Lake level stability is also recognized as a major control on the development of lake margin sedimentary systems, as is the linked or unlinked relationship of the catchment and the lake basin climate for which a conceptual model is proposed.
Histopathology and immune histochemistry of red tattoo reactions
Authors: Høgsberg T. , Thomsen B. M. , Serup J. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe majority of tattoo reactions are affiliated to red pigmented areas and often suspected to be allergic in nature. A sizeable series of biopsies of such reactions has not previously been performed. The aim of this study was to type and grade epidermal and dermal changes in tattoo reactions to red/red nuances by microscopy and immunochemistry relevant for the assessment of a possible allergic pathomechanism.MethodsSkin biopsies were taken from red tattoo reactions, graded by conventional microscopy and stained for T and B‐lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, macrophages and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α.ResultsThe study included 19 biopsies from 19 patients. The culprit colours were red/pink (n = 15) and purple/bordeaux (n = 4). Interface dermatitis was clearly the lead pathology found in 78% of samples, overlapped with granulomatous (in 32%) and pseudolymphomatous reaction patterns (in 32%). Epidermal hyperkeratosis (in 89%) was common as was leakage of red pigment across the dermo‐epidermal junction, with transepidermal elimination (in 28%). The dermal cellular infiltration was dominated by T‐lymphocytes (in 100%), Langerhans cells (in 95%) and macrophages (in 100%). TNF‐α was common.ConclusionThe predominant histological pattern of chronic tattoo reactions in red/red nuances is interface dermatitis. T‐lymphocytes and Langerhans cells are increased suggesting an allergic pathomechanism. TNF‐α may contribute to reactions. In many cases, overlapping reactive patterns were identified.