bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient-Specific Functional Scale: Its Reliability and Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing a Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Berghmans Danielle D.P. , Lenssen Antoine F. , van Rhijn Lodewijk W. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: May 2015

Study Design A prospective cohort study, with assessments before, at 3 months after, and at 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Objectives To determine and compare the responsiveness and reliability of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in patients undergoing a TKA. Background Reliable and valid measurement instruments are important to measure functional status. The PSFS is frequently used in several patient populations, but its methodological characteristics in a population of patients with TKA in the perioperative phases of surgery are unknown. Methods The PSFS, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and global perceived effect (GPE) were administered at 3 time points in 150 patients undergoing a TKA. Correlations, effect sizes, and standardized response means were calculated. The PSFS was administered twice to assess its reliability in terms of intraclass correlation coefficients and limits of agreement. Results The correlation coefficients between the PSFS and WOMAC at 3 months and 1 year were 0.41 and 0.48, respectively; those between the PSFS and GPE were −0.37 and −0.55, respectively. The effect sizes of the PSFS at 3 months and 1 year were 1.71 and 2.89, respectively; those of the WOMAC were 1.45 and 1.64, respectively. The standardized response means of the PSFS at 3 months and 1 year were 0.96 and 1.48, respectively; those of the WOMAC were 1.28 and 1.37, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged between 0.73 and 0.86. The systematic error was between 0.12 and 0.54. The limits of agreement ranged from ±2.17 to ±2.72. Conclusion The reliability of the PSFS is good. Its responsiveness is high, especially in the long term. However, the PSFS cannot be used interchangeably with the WOMAC in the immediate postoperative period. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(7):550–556. Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5825
Donor Requirements for Regulatory T Cell Suppression of Murine Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Pierini Antonio , Colonna Lucrezia , Alvarez Maite , Schneidawind Dominik , Nishikii Hidekazu , Baker Jeanette , Pan Yuqiong , Florek Mareike , Kim Byung-Su , Negrin Robert S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Adoptive transfer of freshly isolated natural occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) prevents graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in several animal models and following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in clinical trials. Donor-derived Treg have been mainly used, as they share the same MHC with CD4+ and CD8+ conventional T cells (Tcon) that are primarily responsible for GVHD. Third party–derived Treg are a promising alternative for cellular therapy, as they can be prepared in advance, screened for pathogens and activity, and banked. We explored MHC disparities between Treg and Tcon in HCT to evaluate the impact of different Treg populations in GVHD prevention and survival. Third-party Treg and donor Treg are equally suppressive in ex vivo assays, whereas both donor and third-party but not host Treg protect from GVHD in allogeneic HCT, with donor Treg being the most effective. In an MHC minor mismatched transplantation model (C57BL/6 → BALB/b), donor and third-party Treg were equally effective in controlling GVHD. Furthermore, using an in vivo Treg depletion mouse model, we found that Treg exert their main suppressive activity in the first 2 d after transplantation. Third-party Treg survive for a shorter period of time after adoptive transfer, but despite the shorter survival, they control Tcon proliferation in the early phases of HCT. These studies provide relevant insights on the mechanisms of Treg-mediated protection from GVHD and support for the use of third-party Treg in clinical trials.
Immunization with HSV-2 gB-CCL19 Fusion Constructs Protects Mice against Lethal Vaginal Challenge
Authors: Yan Yan , Hu Kai , Deng Xu , Guan Xinmeng , Luo Sukun , Tong Lina , Du Tao , Fu Ming , Zhang Mudan , Liu Yalan , Hu Qinxue 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
There is a lack of an HSV-2 vaccine, in part as the result of various factors that limit robust and long-term memory immune responses at the mucosal portals of viral entry. We previously demonstrated that chemokine CCL19 augmented mucosal and systemic immune responses to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Whether such enhanced immunity can protect animals against virus infection remains to be addressed. We hypothesized that using CCL19 in a fusion form to direct an immunogen to responsive immunocytes might have an advantage over CCL19 being used in combination with an immunogen. We designed two fusion constructs, plasmid (p)gBIZCCL19 and pCCL19IZgB, by fusing CCL19 to the C- or N-terminal end of the extracellular HSV-2 glycoprotein B (gB) with a linker containing two (Gly4Ser)2 repeats and a GCN4-based isoleucine zipper motif for self-oligomerization. Following immunization in mice, pgBIZCCL19 and pCCL19IZgB induced strong gB-specific IgG and IgA in sera and vaginal fluids. The enhanced systemic and mucosal Abs showed increased neutralizing activity against HSV-2 in vitro. Measurement of gB-specific cytokines demonstrated that gB-CCL19 fusion constructs induced balanced Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses. Moreover, mice vaccinated with fusion constructs were well protected from intravaginal lethal challenge with HSV-2. Compared with pgB and pCCL19 coimmunization, fusion constructs increased mucosal surface IgA+ cells, as well as CCL19-responsive immunocytes in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Our findings indicate that enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses can be achieved by immunization with an immunogen fused to a chemokine, providing information for the design of vaccines against mucosal infection by HSV-2 and other sexually transmitted viruses.
Exploring Guidelines for Classification of Major Heart Failure Subtypes by Using Machine Learning
Authors: Alonso-Betanzos Amparo , Bolón-Canedo Verónica , Heyndrickx Guy R. , Kerkhof Peter L.M. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) manifests as at least two subtypes. The current paradigm distinguishes the two by using both the metric ejection fraction (EF) and a constraint for end-diastolic volume. About half of all HF patients exhibit preserved EF. In contrast, the classical type of HF shows a reduced EF. Common practice sets the cut-off point often at or near EF = 50%, thus defining a linear divider. However, a rationale for this safe choice is lacking, while the assumption regarding applicability of strict linearity has not been justified. Additionally, some studies opt for eliminating patients from consideration for HF if 40 < EF < 50% (gray zone). Thus, there is a need for documented classification guidelines, solving gray zone ambiguity and formulating crisp delineation of transitions between phenotypes.MethodsMachine learning (ML) models are applied to classify HF subtypes within the ventricular volume domain, rather than by the single use of EF. Various ML models, both unsupervised and supervised, are employed to establish a foundation for classification. Data regarding 48 HF patients are employed as training set for subsequent classification of Monte Carlo–generated surrogate HF patients ( n = 403). Next, we map consequences when EF cut-off differs from 50% (as proposed for women) and analyze HF candidates not covered by current rules.ResultsThe training set yields best results for the Support Vector Machine method (test error 4.06%), covers the gray zone, and other clinically relevant HF candidates. End-systolic volume (ESV) emerges as a logical discriminator rather than EF as in the prevailing paradigm.ConclusionsSelected ML models offer promise for classifying HF patients (including the gray zone), when driven by ventricular volume data. ML analysis indicates that ESV has a role in the development of guidelines to parse HF subtypes. The documented curvilinear relationship between EF and ESV suggests that the assumption concerning a linear EF divider may not be of general utility over the complete clinically relevant range.
Comparative Effects of Portable and Stationary Traction in the Management of Mechanical Neck Disorders
Authors: Bello Ajediran I. , Crabbe Jacquelyn A. , Bonney Emmanuel 
Published: May 2015

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of portable and stationary tractions on treatment outcomes in patients with mechanical neck disorders (MNDs). Methods Forty-one participants with MNDs were randomly assigned to either portable traction or stationary traction. Participants' pain level, activity limitation, disability, and neck range of motion were measured before and after 6 weeks of intervention. Inferential statistics for comparing the treatment outcome involved paired t-test and two-way analysis of variance at P < 0.05. Results The mean age of participants was 47.3 ± 10.5 years. After intervention, there were significant improvements in both groups. However, the portable traction group had significantly higher score on neck flexion than the stationary traction group at baseline (portable: 27.1 ± 6.0, stationary: 22.1 ± 6.8; P = 0.009) and after intervention ( F-ratio = 15.0; P = 0.001). Conclusion Inclusion of both portable and stationary tractions to usual physiotherapy provided comparable treatment outcomes in patients with MNDs.
The Marrakesh Treaty For Visually Impaired Persons: Why A Treaty Was Preferable To Soft Law
Authors: Kaminski Margot E. , Yanisky-Ravid Shlomit 
Published: May 2015

This paper addresses the debates leading up to the recently adopted international treaty on copyright exceptions for the visually impaired, the Marrakesh International Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled. This treaty was successfully adopted by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in June 2013. Leading up to the negotiation of this instrument, multiple UN member states pushed for the instrument to be negotiated as soft law instead of a treaty. We argue that making this instrument soft law would have precluded its success. WIPO thus correctly chose to make this international instrument a treaty rather than a joint recommendation. This paper explains the international need for this instrument, to solve a global “book famine” and protect the access rights of visually impaired people. It then outlines the debate that occurred leading up to adoption over whether the instrument should be hard law or soft law. This debate illuminates that discussions of hard versus soft law need to be situated in context. We explore both related human rights law and other international copyright law to explain how they altered the hard law-soft law calculation in this case.The concluded treaty reflects WIPO’s recognition of related copyright law that had been established in other forums. By creating a binding instrument, WIPO has encouraged developing countries to implement the new treaty, towards the goal of assisting those visually impaired persons most in need of an international solution.
Field Trip #2 Aljustrel and the Central Iberian Pyrite Belt
Authors: Silva José B. , Oliveira Vítor , Matos João , Leitão José C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the morning, after a short introductory explanation, a visit to the Moinho mine is scheduled, depending on the situation of the mining company at the time. An alternative observation of representative drill cores from both the Moinho and Feitais deposits will take place as well as a surface cross section in the Moinho mine area. During the afternoon an overall cross section on the Aljustrel Anticlinorium will show the main geological features of this mining area.
A cross section at level 200 showing the major geological setting of the deposit will be seen (Figure 2.1). This will require a 500m walk; for all other courses a transport will be available. The massive sulfide mineralization will be observed in a more detail in the stopes of level 304 (Figure 2.2).
Stop 1 The reversed limb of the Southwest Anticline at level 200.
The Paraíso Siliceous Formation includes black shales, violet and green tuffitic shales, cherts and jaspers. The first folding phase axial plane schistose cleavage and the second phase axial plane crenulation cleavage and its intersection lineation are clear, as well as second phase folds.
Stop 2 Core of the Southwest Anticline at level 200.
Most of the different lithologies of the Felsitic Facies — Mine Tuff suite are observable, including: volcanic breccias with blocks up to 1m size, different tuff lithologies, ignimbritic (?) rocks and black shales interbedded.
Stop 3 Core of the S. João Syncline at level 200.
The mineralized level is repeated by folding.
FIELD TRIP #3 Eastern Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)
Authors: Almodóvar Gabriel R. , Pascual Emilio , Sáez Reinaldo , Toscano Manuel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Spanish part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt embraces a number of supergiant massive sulfide deposits, as well as a great number of small-sized ones, altogether showing a wide variety of contrasted geological and metallogenic features. This makes the zone important, not only for its present-day economic status, but also from a historic point of view. On the other hand, some key geological features to understanding the geology and ore genesis in the IPB are better represented in its eastern part. Therefore, this field trip will be devoted to give an overview of the geological features of the IPB, together with the visit of three world-class massive sulfide deposits: Tharsis, Riotinto and Aznalcóllar (Figure 3.1). Also included is a historical approach to the importance of mining in the region through time, including a visit to the Riotinto Mining Museum.
The first day will be devoted to recognizing some geological features of the Puebla de Guzmán anticlinorium relevant to understanding the geological context where massive sulfides were deposited. A guided visit to the Filón Norte mine (Tharsis district), emphasizing the geologic and metallogenetic aspects, will enable debate over some peculiar features of the IPB massive sulfide deposits.
The second day will be spent around the Riotinto district, which is world famous as representative of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. At present mining in Riotinto is on gossan (Au-Ag) and stockwork (Cu) mineralizations, it is difficult to have a detailed run into places where massive sulfides are exposed. Nevertheless, it is worthwhile to
Kansen en barrières voor implementatie van de landelijke Handreiking Gezonde Gemeente in de GGD-organisatie
Authors: Kuunders Theo J.M. , van de Goor Ien A.M. , Paulussen Theo G.W.M. , van Bon-Martens Marja J.H. , van Oers Hans A.M. 
Published: May 2015

De Handreiking Gezonde Gemeente, een landelijk instrument voor verbetering van integraal gemeentelijk gezondheidsbeleid, wordt volgens de Gezondheidsinspectie onvoldoende gebruikt. Deze studie onderzoekt mogelijkheden voor verbeterde implementatie van de handreiking in de GGD-organisatie.Diverse GGD-disciplines, gemeenteambtenaren en externe respondenten zijn geïnterviewd over ervaringen en opvattingen aangaande de handreiking.Naast een positieve inhoudelijke waardering is er een sterke roep om concrete vertaling naar het ‘hoe’ van het gebruik. De directe voordelen van het instrument voor betrokken professionals en managers binnen en buiten de GGD-en zijn onvoldoende geëxploreerd.Als GGD-en het als taak zien om het gebruik van de handreiking door professionals, gemeenten en partners te stimuleren, dan zullen zij eerst de voordelen ervan moeten expliciteren. Bereidheid bij GGD-managers om professionals te sturen en faciliteren op het gebruik van instrumenten lijkt hiervoor een belangrijke randvoorwaarde.
Composiciones metafóricas: Richardson, Sullivan y Wright
Authors: Díez Barreñada Rafael 
Published: May 2015

Aunque brevemente, y aunque ya ha sido señalada anteriormente, vamos a insistir en la relación existente entre tres maestros de la arquitectura americana, ya que ciertos aspectos de su obra nos ayudarán a entender una conexión entre el pensamiento arquitectónico y lo que llamamos artesanía, pues introducen en sus edificios la reflexión sobre la manipulación de la materia como metáfora formal capaz de configurar visualmente un edificio.
We insist on the relationship between three Masters of American architecture. Certain aspects of his work help us to understand the importance in the architectural thought of materiality as a formal metaphor capable of introducing visual order to a building.
The relationship between the latter two is well known. Wright, in his writings, described Sullivan as a master, from who inherited the use of the word organic. But, to a large extent, organic refers to a formal quality that made Sullivan appreciated the work of Richardson above his other contemporaries, and which the author himself would call, in his few writings, as living architecture: one that without being monotonous stands out for its tranquility and simplicity. Sullivan perceives that the main characteristic of the buildings of Richardson is their unity. Is to this complex unity, as that of a living being, that the other two refer to with the term organic.
Richardson was very subtle formally. At the Marshall Field building, classical tripartition (beginning, development and end) is resolved with a very complex modulation, which creates subtle visual tensions that link parts among themselves, not only by position but by also by affinity. The building, thanks to his series of horizontal bands, is three and four, and their different groupings and intersections, which creates vertical stresses that unify it.
What in Richardson is accomplished by the tension between elements, at Sullivan is reduced to the continuity of all elements, which are nothing more than one, tour around by a plant line that twists on itself. It is the metaphor as an visual image.
Wright picks up the formal model of the libraries of Richardson, and reformulates the principle that governs them. A building, to have unity, rather than the pure physical continuity, needs to establish a law that links different parts. That is the beginning of his famous “breaking” the box, the classical building as a single volume. He establishes a system of verticals and horizontals, whose unity is not secured by the establishment of precise limits but because they criss-cross and their complementary nature.
If those lines, in Richardson, are strains of a composition sculpted on a solid, which prompted Sullivan to identify unity with the own solid and its limits, at Wright these lines become volumetric elements governed by a compositional law, not abstract but metaphorical. The organic is no longer applied motiv, ornament, but constructed metaphor.
Centre Cívic El Roure i Biblioteca La Ginesta
Authors: Calderón Pilar , Folch Marc , Sarsanedas Pol 
Published: May 2015

El Centre Cívic El Roure i Biblioteca La Ginesta és un equipament cultural mixt que engloba un centre cívic amb teatre polivalent i una biblioteca municipal fruit d’un procés de treball comú entre tècnics, administració i ciutadans. Plenament integrat al seu entorn, el centre és un catalitzador social i cultural que revalora un espai natural amb la recuperació paisatgística de la Riera Fonda de Begues i d’un exemplar de roure martinenc que dona nom al centre.
Storm‐enhanced plasma density and polar tongue of ionization development during the 15 May 2005 superstorm
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigate the ionosphere's global response to the 15 May 2005 superstorm in terms of storm evolution and ionospheric electrodynamics. Our aim is to study the global distribution of plasma and the resultant large‐scale ionospheric features including the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), storm‐enhanced density (SED), and polar tongue of ionization (TOI). We have combined multi‐instrument ionospheric data, solar and terrestrial magnetic data, and polar convection maps. Results reveal the prompt penetration of the interplanetary electric field to the polar region and then to the equator with a dusk‐to‐dawn polarity during the initial phase and with a dawn‐to‐dusk polarity during the main phase. This drove during the initial phase a weak eastward equatorial electrojet (EEJ) in the American sector at nighttime and a weak westward EEJ in the Indian‐Australian sector at daytime. During the main phase, these EEJs intensified and changed polarities. SED and polar TOI development was observed prior to and during the initial phase at evening‐premidnight hours over North America and during the main phase in the south at afternoon‐evening hours in the Australian sector. During the main phase and early in the recovery phase, the EIA‐SED structure was well formed in the Asian longitude sector. Then, polar TOI development was absent in the north because of the long distance from the magnetic pole but was supported in the south because of the closeness of daytime cusp and magnetic pole. Thus, the EIA‐SED‐TOI structure developed twice but each time in a different longitude sector and with different characteristics.
Ring of impact from the mega‐urbanization of Beijing between 2000 and 2009
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. , Nghiem Son V. , Sorichetta Alessandro , Whitney Natasha 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe transient climate, soil, and air quality impacts of the rapid urbanization of Beijing between 2000 and 2009 are investigated with three‐dimensional computer model simulations. The simulations integrate a new satellite data set for urban extent and a geolocated crowd‐sourced data set for road surface area and consider differences only in urban land cover and its physical properties. The simulations account for changes in meteorologically driven natural emissions but do not include changes in anthropogenic emissions resulting from urbanization and road network variations. The astounding urbanization, which quadrupled Beijing urban extent between 2000 and 2009 in terms of physical infrastructure change, created a ring of impact that decreased surface albedo, increased ground and near‐surface air temperatures, increased vertical turbulent kinetic energy, and decreased the near‐surface relative humidity and wind speed. The meteorological changes alone decreased near‐surface particulate matter, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and many other chemicals due to vertical dilution but increased near‐surface ozone due to the higher temperature and lower NO. Vertical dilution and wind stagnation increased elevated pollution layers and column aerosol extinction. In sum, the ring of impact around Beijing may have increased urban heating, dried soil, mixed pollutants vertically, aggravated air stagnation, and increased near‐surface oxidant pollution even before accounting for changes in anthropogenic emissions.
Spectral properties of Titan's impact craters imply chemical weathering of its surface
Authors: Neish C. D. , Barnes J. W. , Sotin C. , MacKenzie S. , Soderblom J. M. , Le Mouélic S. , Kirk R. L. , Stiles B. W. , Malaska M. J. , Le Gall A. , Brown R. H. , Baines K. H. , Buratti B. , Clark R. N. , Nicholson P. D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe examined the spectral properties of a selection of Titan's impact craters that represent a range of degradation states. The most degraded craters have rims and ejecta blankets with spectral characteristics that suggest that they are more enriched in water ice than the rims and ejecta blankets of the freshest craters on Titan. The progression is consistent with the chemical weathering of Titan's surface. We propose an evolutionary sequence such that Titan's craters expose an intimate mixture of water ice and organic materials, and chemical weathering by methane rainfall removes the soluble organic materials, leaving the insoluble organics and water ice behind. These observations support the idea that fluvial processes are active in Titan's equatorial regions.