bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Prenatal Education Video on Rates of Breastfeeding Initiation and Exclusivity during the Newborn Hospital Stay in a Low-income Population
Authors: Kellams Ann L. , Gurka Kelly K. , Hornsby Paige P. , Drake Emily , Riffon Mark , Gellerson Daphne , Gulati Gauri , Coleman Valerie 
Published: August 2015

Background: Guidelines recommend prenatal education to improve breastfeeding rates; however, effective educational interventions targeted at low-income, minority populations are needed as they remain less likely to breastfeed. Objective: To determine whether a low-cost prenatal education video improves hospital rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity in a low-income population. Methods: A total of 522 low-income women were randomized during a prenatal care visit occurring in the third trimester to view an educational video on either breastfeeding or prenatal nutrition and exercise. Using multivariable analyses, breastfeeding initiation rates and exclusivity during the hospital stay were compared. Results: Exposure to the intervention did not affect breastfeeding initiation rates or duration during the hospital stay. The lack of an effect on breastfeeding initiation persisted even after controlling for partner, parent, or other living at home and infant complications (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% CI, 0.70-1.56). In addition, breastfeeding exclusivity rates during the hospital stay did not differ between the groups ( P = .87). Conclusion: This study suggests that an educational breastfeeding video alone is ineffective in improving the hospital breastfeeding practices of low-income women. Increasing breastfeeding rates in this at-risk population likely requires a multipronged effort begun early in pregnancy or preconception.
CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Sher Shlomo 
Published: August 2015

Background. Sophisticated ethics games that focus on corporate social responsibility, ethical decision-making and/or moral reasoning are virtually non-existent. The problem. The ambiguity and controversial nature of ethics as a subject matter make competition and scoring, key to motivating participants, especially difficult to implement. Approach. CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION attempts to systematically overcome some of the obstacles facing ethics game design through a scoring system intended to encourage critical ethical decision-making and moral reasoning. Structurally, the game aims to balance cohesiveness through its ongoing narrative with flexibility through its modular design. The game. Participants serve on business oversight committees within three companies loosely modeled after Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo!. The companies face similar problems with their operations in a new Southeast Asian market. Participants explore ethical decision-making and the nature and extent of corporate social responsibility in a global context. The four modules provided here focus on discrimination, corruption, compensation, marketing practices, and privacy. Practical implications. CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION is a ready-to-use ethics game that can be used either in a single day training format or in a business ethics classroom throughout a semester. Perhaps more importantly, its structure can be adapted to explore ethical decision-making in any context.
Understanding the role of the healthcare professional in patient self-management of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kuehl Bonnie L , Abdulnour Shahad , O’Dell Michael , Kyle Theodore K 
Published: August 2015

Objective: Allergic rhinitis is a common, usually long-standing, condition that may be self-diagnosed or have a formal diagnosis. Our aim was to identify how allergic rhinitis sufferers self-manage their condition. Methods: A sample of 276 self-identified adult allergy sufferers pooled from social media completed an online survey comprising 13 questions. The survey was fielded by a professional research organization (Lab42). The main outcome measures included the use of prescription and/or non-prescription allergy medication, and interactions with physician and/or pharmacist with respect to medication use. Results: Of the respondents, 53% (146/276) indicated that they used both prescription and over-the-counter medication to manage their allergy symptoms. Of those who used prescription medication, 53% reported that they discussed their prescription medication in great detail with their physician when it was prescribed, while 42% spoke about it briefly. Following the initial prescription, few discussions about the prescription occur with the physician (45% indicate several discussions, 40% indicate one or two discussions, and 10% indicate no discussions). In most cases (~75% of the time), allergy prescription refills did not require a doctor visit with patients obtaining refills through phone calls to the doctor’s office or through the pharmacy. Two-thirds of patients (69%) report that they have discussed their prescription allergy medication with a pharmacist, with greater than half of respondents having discussed the use of the non-prescription medication with their doctor. Conclusion: Patients with diagnosed allergic rhinitis appear to be self-managing their condition with few interactions with their doctor about their allergy prescription. Interactions with a pharmacist about allergy medication (prescription and non-prescription) appear to be more common than interactions with a physician.
Treatment discontinuation in multiple sclerosis: The French Web-based survey ALLIANCE
Authors: Donzé Cécile , Malapel Lucie , Kwiatkowski Arnaud , Lenne Bruno , Louchard Pierre , Neuville Véronique , Hautecoeur Patrick 
Published: August 2015

Background In multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment discontinuation leads to a higher risk of relapse, poorer quality of life and greater economic impact. Objective The objective of this work is to evaluate treatment discontinuation in MS, the reasons for this and the reasons for treatment resumption. Methods A French national Web-based survey was carried out between May and August 2011. A total of 602 MS patients answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, medical follow-up, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), symptomatic treatments, care given, factors involved in treatment discontinuation and reasons for resuming treatment. Results Among 413 patients using DMTs, 54% have considered discontinuing their treatment, primarily because of anger (61%), side effects (61%) and fatigue (57%). Sixty-eight patients have actually discontinued their treatment because of side effects (43%), lack of observed outcomes (32%), exasperation (29%) or fatigue (29%). The reasons for symptomatic treatment discontinuation were fear of addiction (32%–46%) and lack of efficacy (28%–45%). Physiotherapy was discontinued because of fatigue (37%), stress (34%) or inefficiency (31%). According to patients, treatment discontinuation could have been prevented by psychological support, care team empathy and support from family. Conclusion The major factor that could prevent treatment discontinuation is psychological support. Initiating and monitoring treatment in MS leads to emotional and personality changes, requiring adaptations that may improve compliance.
Patients With Isolated PCL Injuries Improve From Surgery as Much as Patients With ACL Injuries After 2 Years
Authors: Owesen Christian , Sivertsen Einar Andreas , Engebretsen Lars , Granan Lars-Petter , Årøen Asbjørn 
Published: August 2015

Background: Reports on outcome after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction often contain both isolated PCL and combined knee ligament injuries. This makes it difficult to conclude on the outcome after reconstruction of isolated PCL injuries. Purpose: To investigate the outcome after PCL reconstruction in patients with an isolated PCL injury and to compare this with the outcome of patients treated with reconstruction after isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventy-one patients with an isolated PCL injury that was reconstructed surgically and who had registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry between 2004 and 2010 were included in this study. Patients with isolated ACL reconstructions (n = 9661) who had registered in the same period were included for comparison. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used as the patient-reported outcome measure. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative KOOS scores were compared. Changes in KOOS score reported by the PCL patients were compared with changes reported by the ACL patients. Results: At the 2-year postoperative follow-up of the PCL-reconstructed patients, the patient-reported outcome was improved, measured by KOOS as follows: pain, 15.1 (95% CI, 8.5-21.8; P < .001); symptoms, 0.9 (95% CI, –6.6 to 8.3; P = .82); activities of daily living, 13.2 (95% CI, 6.6-13.9; P < .001); sports, 20.7 (95% CI, 11.8-29.4; P < .001); and quality of life, 26.6 (95% CI, 18.9-34.2; P < .001). According to the KOOS, the incremental improvements were similar for PCL and ACL patients. Time from injury to surgery was longer for the PCL patients compared with ACL patients (median, 21.5 vs 8.0 months; P < .001). Conclusion: Patients undergoing PCL reconstruction can expect the same improvements in KOOS score as patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. However, PCL patients start out with an inferior score on average and consequently end up at a lower score compared with ACL patients for all KOOS subscales.
Attitudes Toward Physical Activity According to Weight Status Among Schoolchildren in Sousse, Tunisia
Authors: Maatoug Jihene , Harrabi Imed , Sahli Jihene , Ezzi Olfa , Chebil Dhekra , Gaddour Mariem , Saadi Nesrine , Ghannem Hassen 
Published: August 2015

Aim: To investigate differences in attitude toward physical activity in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2009/2010. It concerned randomly selected schoolchildren of colleges of Sousse in seventh and ninth grade. The sample was composed of 4003 schoolchildren. A questionnaire was used to evaluate habits and perception of physical activity, and we took anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Results: Among schoolchildren who performed a recommended level of physical activity, there was no significant difference in perceptions according to weight status. However, among those who did not practice physical activity, obese participants had significantly less positive perception. Overweight and obesity significantly increase the risk of negative perception of physical activity practice among participants who do not do the recommended level of physical activity. However, this association becomes non significant among those who practice recommended level of physical activity. The same findings were observed after adjustment by age and sex. Conclusion: Negative attitudes among inactive children may favor the development of a vicious circle perpetuating physical inactivity among normal-weight and overweight children.
The forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 represses human plasma cell differentiation
Authors: van Keimpema Martine , Grüneberg Leonie J. , Mokry Michal , van Boxtel Ruben , van Zelm Menno C. , Coffer Paul , Pals Steven T. , Spaargaren Marcel 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsAberrant expression of FOXP1 in human MBCs represses their ability to differentiate into PCs. Human IgG+ MBCs combine lower FOXP1 expression with a higher propensity to differentiate as compared with IgM+ MBCs.
Omenn syndrome associated with a functional reversion due to a somatic second-site mutation in CARD11 deficiency
Authors: Fuchs Sebastian , Rensing-Ehl Anne , Pannicke Ulrich , Lorenz Myriam R. , Fisch Paul , Jeelall Yogesh , Rohr Jan , Speckmann Carsten , Vraetz Thomas , Farmand Susan , Schmitt-Graeff Annette , Krüger Marcus , Strahm Brigitte , Henneke Philipp , Enders Anselm , Horikawa Keisuke , Goodnow Christopher , Schwarz Klaus , Ehl Stephan 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
Functional reversion of a germline CARD11 mutation in T cells is associated with the development of Omenn syndrome. Defective thymic T-cell development and peripheral lymphopenia are no prerequisite for the development of Omenn syndrome.
A 2,2′-Bipyridine Dipalladium(II) Coordination System That Shows Three Different Coordination Modes of 3-Aminopropanethiol on Deprotonation
Authors: Kouno Masahiro , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) were synthesized from [Pd(bpy)Cl2] and 3-aminopropanethiol (Hapt) by changing reaction conditions. It was found that Hapt can adopt three different coordination modes (Hapt-κ2S, apt-κN,κ2S, H−1apt-κ2N,κ2S) dependent on its protonation states in this coordination system.
Hydrogenolysis of 1-Alkoxybenzocyclobutenes with Site-selective Cleavage of the Sterically Hindered C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bond
Authors: Sawano Shota , Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
1-Alkoxybenzocyclobutenes undergo ring-opening hydrogenolysis with site-selective cleavage of the sterically hindered C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond on Pd/C.
The Edge Set Cost of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Reinhardt Line Blander , Jepsen Mads Kehlet , Pisinger David 
Published: August 2015

We consider an important generalization of the vehicle routing problem with time windows in which a fixed cost must be paid for accessing a set of edges. This fixed cost could reflect payment for toll roads, investment in new facilities, the need for certifications, and other costly investments. The certifications and investments impose a cost for the company while they also give unlimited usage of a set of roads to all vehicles belonging to the company. This violates the traditional assumption that the path between two destinations is well defined and independent of other choices. Different versions for defining the edge sets are discussed and formulated. Both the multigraph case and the direct path case are described, and mixed-integer-programming formulations of the problem are presented for both cases. A solution method based on branch-price-and-cut is applied to the direct path case. The computational results show that instances with up to 40 customers can be solved in a reasonable time, and that the branch-cut-and-price algorithm generally outperforms CPLEX.
On the local-global principle for integral Apollonian 3-circle packings
Authors: Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper
we study the integral properties of Apollonian 3-circle packings, which are variants of the standard Apollonian circle packings. Specifically, we study the reduction theory, formulate a local-global conjecture, and prove a density one version of this conjecture. Along the way, we prove a uniform spectral gap for the congruence towers of the symmetry group.
Levels of Multiplexity in Entrepreneur’s Networks: Implications for Dynamism and Value Creation
Authors: Bliemel Martin J. , McCarthy Ian P. , Maine Elicia M. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRelationships and networks are important to how entrepreneurs create value. However, many aspects about relationships and networks remain poorly understood because their characteristics are often reduced to one-dimensional variables or dichotomous measures. This paper unpacks the concept of multiplexity and proposes a hierarchy of four different levels (
Questioning Non-Discrimination, Equality, and Human Rights in Contemporary Turkey from the Perspective of the Alevi Religious Community
Authors: Erol Melih Uğraş 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor several decades, the international community has criticized Turkey for failing to uphold the human rights and freedoms of its citizens and for not realizing the principles of non-discrimination and equality within its borders. As Turkey’s European Union (EU) candidacy proceeds, religious groups such as the Alevis claim to face discrimination and violations of their human rights and freedoms by the Turkish state. The Justice and Development Party (JDP,
Risk Aversion, the Hand Rule, and Comparison between Strict Liability and the Negligence Rule
Authors: Lee Kangoh 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the most important propositions in the economics of liability rules states that strict liability and the negligence rule are equivalent and first-best efficient if the standard of due care is set according to the Hand rule. This proposition hinges on the assumption that individuals are risk neutral. This paper considers this proposition with risk-averse individuals, and demonstrates that the proposition does not extend. In particular, the two liability rules are not equivalent, and the analysis compares the two liability rules in terms of utilitarian social welfare.
A Presynaptic Regulatory System Acts Transsynaptically via Mon1 to Regulate Glutamate Receptor Levels in Drosophila
Authors: Deivasigamani Senthilkumar , Basargekar Anagha , Shweta Kumari , Sonavane Pooja , Ratnaparkhi Girish S , Ratnaparkhi Anuradha 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Mon1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein involved in the conversion of Rab5 positive early endosomes to late endosomes through the recruitment of Rab7. We have identified a role for Drosophila Mon1 in regulating glutamate receptor levels at the larval neuromuscular junction. We generated mutants in Dmon1 through P-element excision. These mutants are short-lived with strong motor defects. At the synapse, the mutants show altered bouton morphology with several small supernumerary or satellite boutons surrounding a mature bouton; a significant increase in expression of GluRIIA and reduced expression of Bruchpilot. Neuronal knockdown of Dmon1 is sufficient to increase GluRIIA levels, suggesting its involvement in a presynaptic mechanism that regulates postsynaptic receptor levels. Ultrastructural analysis of mutant synapses reveals significantly smaller synaptic vesicles. Overexpression of vglut suppresses the defects in synaptic morphology and also downregulates GluRIIA levels in Dmon1 mutants, suggesting that homeostatic mechanisms are not affected in these mutants. We propose that DMon1 is part of a presynaptically regulated transsynaptic mechanism that regulates GluRIIA levels at the larval neuromuscular junction.
Application of the Electron Density Correlation Function for Structural Analysis of X-ray Scattering/Diffraction Information from Polymer-based Nano-Composites
Authors: Song Kenan , Zhang Yiying , Tajaddod Navid , Minus Marilyn L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTModern diffraction and scattering methods of X-ray radiation allow for multi-scale probing of the material morphology for both polymer-based composite films and fibers. These approaches and analyses tools can be used to map the makeup of individual grain structures in various polymer nano-composites in order to examine the effects of the fillers on nano-scale structural changes in the materials. The electron intensity correlation function, derived from Fourier transformations of the X-ray scattering pattern provides a path to analyze acquired data for space resolved domains. Here in this study, polymer-based nano-carbon composite systems are analyzed. The polymers used include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, and polyacrilonitrile as matrix materials. The nano-carbon filler contribution to the grain size evolution is tracked by X-ray scattering/diffraction characterization. These results show that the relevant sizes of crystalline and amorphous domains within the lamellae structures correspond to the dispersion/distribution of the nano-filler in the composite materials. This work mainly illustrates an effective use of the correlation function to provide global morphological analysis in the composite system.
Role of S180L polymorphism in etiology of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in a small group of Pakistani population
Authors: Nawaz Syed Kashif , Ahmed Bisma , Arshad Najma , Rani Asima , Rasool Hamadia , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: August 2015

The aim of our study was to investigate the role of S180L polymorphism in modulation of acquisition of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in a small group of Pakistani population. A total of 133 individuals including 60 controls and 73 patients of malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, were genotyped using allele-specific PCR. Ninety-two samples successfully demonstrated the PCR amplification results, while forty-one samples could not be genotyped due to failure in PCR amplification. The allele frequency for S180L polymorphism was deviant from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the population under observation. Association was found between the observed polymorphism and the occurrence of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (p = 0.01). Chances of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum were low in CC genotype carriers in comparison to other genotypes (Odds ratio: 0.3016; 95% CI: 0.124-0.729). The present findings suggest that S180L polymorphism is important in modulating the probability of acquisition of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in Pakistani population. The CC genotype plays a protective role in local population against this type of malaria.
The contribution of germination functional traits to population dynamics of a desert plant community
Authors: Huang Zhenying , Liu Shuangshuang , Bradford Kent J. , Huxman Travis E. , Venable D. Lawrence 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEarly life‐cycle events play critical roles in determining the population and community dynamics of plants. The ecology of seeds and their germination patterns can determine range limits, adaptation to environmental variation, species diversity, and community responses to climate change. Understanding the adaptive consequences and environmental filtering of such functional traits will allow us to explain and predict ecological dynamics. Here we quantify key functional aspects of germination physiology and relate them to an existing functional ecology framework to explain long‐term population dynamics for 13 species of desert annuals near Tucson, Arizona, USA. Our goal was to assess the extent to which germination functional biology contributes to long‐term population processes in nature. Some of the species differences in base, optimum, and maximum temperatures for germination, thermal times to germination, and base water potentials for germination were strongly related to 20‐yr mean germination fractions, 25‐yr average germination dates, seed size, and long‐term demographic variation. Comparisons of germination fraction, survival, and fecundity vs. yearly changes in population size found significant roles for all three factors, although in varying proportions for different species. Relationships between species’ germination physiologies and relative germination fractions varied across years, with fast‐germinating species being favored in years with warm temperatures during rainfall events in the germination season. Species with low germination fractions and high demographic variance have low integrated water‐use efficiency, higher vegetative growth rates, and smaller, slower‐germinating seeds. We have identified and quantified a number of functional traits associated with germination biology that play critical roles in ecological population dynamics.