bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative cost‐effectiveness of fine needle aspiration biopsy versus image‐guided biopsy, and open surgical biopsy in the evaluation of breast cancer in the era of affordable care act: A changing landscape
Authors: Masood Shahla , Rosa Marilin , Kraemer Dale F. , Smotherman Carmen , Mohammadi Amir 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundProven as a time challenged and cost‐effective sampling procedure, the use of FNAB has still remained controversial among the scientific community. Currently, other minimally invasive sampling procedures such as ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US‐FNAB) and image guided core needle biopsy (IG‐CNB) have become the preferred sampling procedures for evaluation of breast lesions. However, changes in the medical economy and the current growing emphasis on cost containment in the era of the Affordable Care Act make it necessary to stimulate a renewed interest in the use of FNAB as the initial diagnostic sampling procedure. This study was designed to define the changing trend in the practice of tissue sampling during the last several years, and to assess the comparative effectiveness and appropriateness of the procedure of choice for breast cancer diagnosis.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the computer database of the Pathology Department, University of Florida, College of Medicine‐Jacksonville at UF Health was retrospectively searched to identify all breast biopsy pathology reports issued during the period of January 2004 to December 2011. The inclusion criteria were all women that underwent any of the following biopsy types: FNAB, US‐FNAB, IG‐CNB, and surgical biopsy (SB).Diagnostic procedures were identified using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes recorded on claims from the UF Health Jacksonville patient accounting application files. The data obtained was used to determine which technique has the best cost‐effectiveness in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The outcome variable for this project was a positive breast cancer diagnosis resulting from these methodologies. The predictor variable was the biopsy type used for sampling. The rate of cancer detection for each procedure was also determined.ResultsAmong the four groups of procedures compared, the lower cost was attributed to FNAB, followed by US‐FNAB, and SB. IG‐CNB was the most costly procedure, even more expensive than SB. The more costs associated with IG‐CNB compared to SB is related to the expense involved in the use of localizing devices and also attempts to sample a lesion more than once. More importantly, cancer yield by FNAB was the highest among all the procedures under study.ConclusionThis study confirms the comparative effectiveness of FNAB in the evaluation of patients with breast cancer and justifies serious endorsement of this procedure as the initial diagnostic sampling modality for its unique potential in rapid reporting and cost‐saving. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:605–612. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Pyranose‐Based Thioimidate N‐Oxides (TINOs)
Authors: Marquès Stéphanie , Schuler Marie , Tatibouët Arnaud 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of new pyranose‐based thioimidate N‐oxides (TINOs) is reported. Original strategies were developed, by taking advantage of the nucleophilic capability of the thiohydroximate function, anchored on a carbohydrate backbone. The key cyclisation step was achieved either through a Mitsunobu‐type reaction or through desilylative cyclisation. These studies enable access to a unique family of polyhydroxypiperidine thioimidate N‐oxides both from aldopentoses (D‐xylose and D‐arabinose) and from aldohexoses (D‐glucose, D‐mannose), thus extending the previously relatively limited class of cyclic six‐membered nitrone analogues. Typical examples of TINOs were prepared with good yields in six to ten steps in both D‐ and L‐series. These compounds should be highly valuable synthetic intermediates in the preparation of various complex iminosugars, or azasugars, as potential modulators of carbohydrate‐processing enzymes.
When and why is helping others good for well‐being? The role of belief in reciprocity and conformity to society's expectations
Authors: Oarga Cristina , Stavrova Olga , Fetchenhauer Detlef 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis research investigates the relation between informal help and subjective well‐being and its underlying mechanisms using a cross‐national perspective. We focus on two potential mechanisms derived from the self‐determination theory and conformity to the social norms literature. From the standpoint of self‐determination theory, helping others is good for well‐being if it is intrinsically motivated, rather than driven by the expectation of reciprocity. On the other hand, from the perspective of the conformity literature, helping others is associated with a higher well‐being when it is linked to the benefits of social conformity, such as social approval. We tested these hypotheses using the data from a total of 23 countries. The results provided support for both mechanisms. First, we found that the lower individuals' beliefs in reciprocity are, the stronger is the positive effect of self‐reported helping behavior on their well‐being. Second, helping behavior was more strongly related to life satisfaction in countries where providing help represents a strong social norm (measured with two different cultural indicators). We conclude that both individual‐ and culture‐level mechanisms account for the relation between prosocial behavior and well‐being. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Printed Nanostructures for Organic Photovoltaic Cells and Solution‐Processed Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Youn Hongseok , Park Hui Joon , Guo L. Jay 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe review the progress on printing‐based technologies for organic electronic devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells and polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). First we discuss recent efforts to introduce interdigitated nanostructures on the order of tens of nanometers to the photoactive layers of OPV cells using nanoimprint lithography including a soft‐printing process developed in our research group that can easily produce sub‐20 nm scale organic semiconductor nanopillars. Second, we review solution‐processible printing technologies such as gravure printing, screen printing, blade coating, and slot–die coating for high‐throughput manufacturing of PLEDs.
Bisphenol A reduces fertilizing ability and motility by compromising mitochondrial function of sperm
Authors: Singh Ram P. , Shafeeque Chathathayil M. , Sharma Sanjeev K. , Pandey Nitin K. , Singh Renu , Mohan Jag , Kolluri Gautham , Saxena Meeta , Sharma Bhaskar , Sastry Kochiganti V.H. , Kataria Jag M. , Azeez Parappurath A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) acts as an endocrine disruptor, affects animal reproductive success in vivo and affects sperm functions in vitro at environmentally relevant concentrations, leading to reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability in fish. The effect of in vitro BPA on avian sperm functions has not been explored. The present study examined the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA (0 mM, 0.18 mM, 0.37 mM, and 0.74 mM) on sperm functions in chicken in vitro. Sperm were exposed to concentrations of BPA for 30 min and analyzed for motility, fertilizing ability, live sperm percentage, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Results showed that BPA at a concentration of 0.74 mM significantly decreased motility, fertilizing ability, live sperm count percentage, and sperm Δψm. Sperm motility was positively correlated with fertility (r = 0.73, p ≤ 0.01), live sperm percentage (r = 0.64, p ≤ 0.01), and high Δψm (r = 0.44, p ≤ 0.01). A dose-dependent and time-dependent effect of BPA was observed on sperm motility at all BPA concentrations. However, sperm's fertilizing ability was unaffected in low BPA concentration (0.18 mM and 0.37 mM). A significantly higher percentage of moribund sperm was observed at 0.37 mM and 0.74 mM BPA compared with at 0.18 mM BPA, in the negative control, and in the vehicle control. The present study confirms that environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA are capable of compromising sperm functions, leading to reduction in fertilizing ability of chicken sperm. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1617–1622. © 2015 SETAC
The effect of ageing on fMRI: Correction for the confounding effects of vascular reactivity evaluated by joint fMRI and MEG in 335 adults
Authors: Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Henson Richard N. A. , Tyler Lorraine K. , Davis Simon W. , Shafto Meredith A. , Taylor Jason R. , Williams Nitin , Cam‐CAN  , Rowe James B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research one is typically interested in neural activity. However, the blood‐oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal is a composite of both neural and vascular activity. As factors such as age or medication may alter vascular function, it is essential to account for changes in neurovascular coupling when investigating neurocognitive functioning with fMRI. The resting‐state fluctuation amplitude (RSFA) in the fMRI signal (rsfMRI) has been proposed as an index of vascular reactivity. The RSFA compares favourably with other techniques such as breath‐hold and hypercapnia, but the latter are more difficult to perform in some populations, such as older adults. The RSFA is therefore a candidate for use in adjusting for age‐related changes in vascular reactivity in fMRI studies. The use of RSFA is predicated on its sensitivity to vascular rather than neural factors; however, the extent to which each of these factors contributes to RSFA remains to be characterized. The present work addressed these issues by comparing RSFA (i.e., rsfMRI variability) to proxy measures of (i) cardiovascular function in terms of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and (ii) neural activity in terms of resting state magnetoencephalography (rsMEG). We derived summary scores of RSFA, a sensorimotor task BOLD activation, cardiovascular function and rsMEG variability for 335 healthy older adults in the population‐based Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort (Cam‐CAN; www.cam-can.com). Mediation analysis revealed that the effects of ageing on RSFA were significantly mediated by vascular factors, but importantly not by the variability in neuronal activity. Furthermore, the converse effects of ageing on the rsMEG variability were not mediated by vascular factors. We then examined the effect of RSFA scaling of task‐based BOLD in the sensorimotor task. The scaling analysis revealed that much of the effects of age on task‐based activation studies with fMRI do not survive correction for changes in vascular reactivity, and are likely to have been overestimated in previous fMRI studies of ageing. The results from the mediation analysis demonstrate that RSFA is modulated by measures of vascular function and is not driven solely by changes in the variance of neural activity. Based on these findings we propose that the RSFA scaling method is articularly useful in large scale and longitudinal neuroimaging studies of ageing, or with frail participants, where alternative measures of vascular reactivity are impractical. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2248–2269, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modelling the potential role of forest thinning in maintaining water supplies under a changing climate across the conterminous United States
Authors: Sun Ge , Caldwell Peter V. , McNulty Steven G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe goal of this study was to test the sensitivity of water yield to forest thinning and other forest management/disturbances and climate across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Leaf area index (LAI) was selected as a key parameter linking changes in forest ecosystem structure and functions. We used the Water Supply Stress Index model to examine water yield response under 18 scenarios that combine hypothetical LAI changes (+10%, ±20%, −50%, and −80%), uniform increases in temperature (+1 °C and +2 °C) and precipitation change (±10%), and four climate change scenarios projected by general circulation models (GCMs) for the year 2050. Approximately 2100 large basins produced approximately 2003 billion cubic metres of water annually from 2002 to 2007. Forest lands covered 23% of the land surface area, but contributed 43% of the total water yield for the CONUS. As a whole, water yield increased by 3%, 8%, and 13% when LAI was reduced 20%, 50%, and 80%, respectively, while water yield decreased by 3% when LAI increased by 20%. Temperature increases of 2 °C alone could decrease water yield by 11%. A reduction of precipitation by 10% and 20% could result in a decrease of water yield by 20% and 39%, respectively. The direction and magnitude of water yield response to the combinations of LAI (+10%), climate warming (+1 °C), and precipitation change (±10%) were dominated by the change in precipitation. Climate change projected by the four GCMs (CSIROMK2 B2, CSIROMK3.5 A1B, HADCM3 B2, and MIROC32 A1B) resulted in a large change in water yield (+18% to −64%) by 2045–2055 when compared with the baseline. A 50% reduction in forest LAI under the four GCMs scenarios could greatly mitigate or exacerbate future climate change impacts on water yield in forest‐dominated watersheds with high precipitation. This study provides the first quantitative estimate of the effects of forest thinning options on water yield under future climate across the CONUS. Effective forest water management for climate mitigation should focus on those watersheds identified. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Snow cover variability and snowmelt in a high‐altitude ungauged catchment
Authors: Wang Rui , Yao Zhijun , Liu Zhaofei , Wu Shanshan , Jiang Liguang , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSnow variability is an integrated indicator of climate change, and it has important impacts on runoff regimes and water availability in high‐altitude catchments. Remote sensing techniques can make it possible to quantitatively detect the snow cover changes and associated hydrological effects in those poorly gauged regions. In this study, the spatial–temporal variations of snow cover and snow melting time in the Tuotuo River basin, which is the headwater of the Yangtze River, were evaluated based on satellite information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer snow cover product, and the snow melting equivalent and its contribution to the total runoff and baseflow were estimated by using degree–day model. The results showed that the snow cover percentage and the tendency of snow cover variability increased with rising altitude. From 2000 to 2012, warmer and wetter climate change resulted in an increase of the snow cover area. Since the 1960s, the start time for snow melt has become earlier by 0.9–3 days/10a and the end time of snow melt has become later by 0.6–2.3 days/10a. Under the control of snow cover and snow melting time, the equivalent of snow melting runoff in the Tuotuo River basin has been fluctuating. The average contributions of snowmelt to baseflow and total runoff were 19.6% and 6.8%, respectively. Findings from this study will serve as a reference for future research in areas where observational data are deficient and for planning of future water management strategies for the source region of the Yangtze River. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of the effects of 4‐META/MMA‐TBB resin and cyanoacrylate on wound healing of skin defects
Authors: Kidokoro Ryo , Nakajima Kei , Kobayashi Fumitaka , Takeda Yukihiro , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Katakura Akira , Inoue Takashi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the healing process of wounded skin following the application of cyanoacrylate or a 4‐(2‐methacryloxyethyl) trimellitic anhydride/methyl methacrylate‐tributylborane resin (4‐META resin). Those materials were applied to skin wound areas in rats, and the regenerating tissues were biopsied and examined at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Paraffin‐embedded specimens were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or with Azan‐Mallory stain. Sections were also immunohistochemically stained with Pan‐cytokeratin and CD68 antibodies. In cyanoacrylate‐treated wounds, CD68‐positive cells were observed in the connective tissue and their number increased up to day 5. The wound surface was completely covered by epithelial tissue at day 14. In 4‐META resin‐treated wounds, CD68‐positive cells appeared in the soft‐tissue hybrid layer (STHL) and epithelial tissue had migrated under the STHL by day 5. The wound surface was completely covered by epithelial tissue at day 7. CD68‐positive cells were distributed over the entire area of the cyanoacrylate‐treated wounds, but accumulated under the STHL in the 4‐META resin‐treated wounds. In conclusion, the results suggest that covering skin defects with a 4‐META resin is an effective strategy to promote wound healing compared to cyanoacrylate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 197–203, 2016.
Three dimensional culture of HepG2 liver cells on a rat decellularized liver matrix for pharmacological studies
Authors: Hussein Kamal H. , Park Kyung M. , Ghim Jinn H. , Yang Se R. , Woo Heung M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree‐dimensional in vitro tumor models are needed to obtain more information about drug behavior in tumors. The aim of this study is to establish a new model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using decellularized rat livers. After generating the rat liver scaffolds, HepG2 liver cancer cells were perfused via the portal vein and placed in a bioreactor for 10 days. Histology was performed to analyze cell distribution within the scaffolds. Function and tumor‐related gene expression were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We evaluated the function of HepG2 cells grown on scaffolds in the presence of a well‐known anti‐cancer drug to investigate the potential application of our system for drug screening. The scaffolds were devoid of cellular materials and preserved extracellular matrix components. HepG2 cells grew well on the scaffolds. The PCR results showed that the cells maintained function and invasion ability at significantly higher levels than cells grown on two‐dimensional (2‐D) dishes or spheroids on Matrigel. Unlike the 2‐D cultures, albumin secretion and alpha‐fetoprotein expression in three‐dimensional cultures were less susceptible to lower concentrations of the drug. Cells grown in scaffolds seemed to respond to the drug in an analogous manner to its known activity in vivo. These findings strengthen the potential use of rat liver scaffolds for screening HCC drugs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 263–273, 2016.
Urbanization‐induced regional warming in Yangtze River Delta: potential role of anthropogenic heat release
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Sun Xuguang , Tang Jianping , Yang Xiuqun 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAccompanying with the rapid urbanization in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), large amounts of anthropogenic heat are released into the atmosphere, which is becoming a more and more severe issue for the local climate. To understand what role anthropogenic heat release (AHR) plays in the urbanization‐induced regional warming, high‐resolution (3 km) Weather Research and Forecast WRF model experiments are carried out for 7 years (2001–2007) with different configurations of urban land use (ULU) and AHR. The results show that AHR can cause notable warming in almost the whole YRD rather than confining to the local cities where it releases, which is more significant in winter than in summer if the same amounts of AHR apply, especially at winter night. And furthermore, it can decrease (somewhat increase) the diurnal temperature range (DTR) in winter (summer). On the contrary, urban canopy effect due to the change from rural to ULU can produce a stronger warming in summer than in winter, and always reduce DTR in both winter and summer. Contribution of AHR to the sensible heat flux in urban regions is responsible for those AHR‐caused warming and DTR features, because it is larger in winter and at winter night but much smaller in summer and at summer night. Without ambient wind effect, AHR‐caused warming centres in cities and spreads around homogeneously. However, under the prevailing wind, it has less magnitude, shifts to the downwind city edges and forms a warming belt along the wind direction, which may favour linking the adjacent AHR‐caused warming together. On the other hand, AHR‐caused warming depends on the city sizes that are proportional to the total amount of AHR emitted.
Actin cytoskeleton contributes to the elastic modulus of embryonic tendon during early development
Authors: Schiele Nathan R. , von Flotow Friedrich , Tochka Zachary L. , Hockaday Laura A. , Marturano Joseph E. , Thibodeau Jeffrey J. , Kuo Catherine K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTendon injuries are common and heal poorly. Strategies to regenerate or replace injured tendons are challenged by an incomplete understanding of normal tendon development. Our previous study showed that embryonic tendon elastic modulus increases as a function of developmental stage. Inhibition of enzymatic collagen crosslink formation abrogated increases in tendon elastic modulus at late developmental stages, but did not affect increases in elastic modulus of early stage embryonic tendons. Here, we aimed to identify potential contributors to the mechanical properties of these early stage embryonic tendons. We characterized tendon progenitor cells in early stage embryonic tendons, and the influence of actin cytoskeleton disruption on tissue elastic modulus. Cells were closely packed in embryonic tendons, and did not change in density during early development. We observed an organized network of actin filaments that seemed contiguous between adjacent cells. The actin filaments exhibited a crimp pattern with a period and amplitude that matched the crimp of collagen fibers at each developmental stage. Chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton decreased tendon tissue elastic modulus, measured by atomic force microscopy. Our results demonstrate that early developmental stage embryonic tendons possess a well organized actin cytoskeleton network that contributes significantly to tendon tissue mechanical properties. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:874–881, 2015.