bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Microstructure and Properties of Low-Carbon PM Mn-Cr-Mo Steels Sintered under Different Conditions
Authors: Sułowski M. , Ciaś A. , Pieczonka T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the effect of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon Mn-Cr-Mo PM steels. It was proved there is no effect of tempering temperature on the properties of Astaloy CrL-base steels, sintered at 1250°C in 5%H2-95%N2 mixture as compared with the properties of those sintered at 1120°C. The properties of Astaloy CrM-based steels, sintered at 1250°C in air were comparable or higher to Astaloy CrL-based steels. The addition of lump of ferromanganese was not sufficient for metal oxides reduction. The structure investigation confirmed the earlier observations that Mn-Cr-Mo PM steels have predominantly martensitic or martensitic/bainitic microstructure.
Thermodynamic Description of Ternary Fe-B-X Systems. Part 1: Fe-B-Cr
Authors: Miettinen J. , Vassilev G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A thermodynamic description of the Fe-B-Cr system is developed in the context of a new Fe-B-X (X = Cr, Ni, Mn, Si, Ti, V, C) database. The thermodynamic parameters of the binary sub-systems, Fe-B, Fe-Cr and B-Cr, are taken from earlier assessments slightly modifying the Fe-B and B-Cr descriptions, and those of the ternary system are optimized in this study using experimental thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data from the literature. The solution phases are described using substitutional solution model. The borides are treated as stoichiometric or semi-stoichiometric phases and described with two-sublattice models.
Tribological Properties of Copper-Based Composites with Lubricating Phase Particles
Authors: Juszczyk B. , Kulasa J. , Malara S. , Czepelak M. , Malec W. , Cwolek B. , Wierzbicki Ł. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The results of research into influence of chemical composition on structure and tribological properties of copper-based composites intended for slide bearings are presented in this paper. The study was focused on copper alloys with lubricating phase particles in form of graphite, tungsten disulphide (WS2), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and glassy carbon. The metallic matrix of composite materials was composed of alloys from Cu-Sn-Zn system. The mass content of lubricating phase particles was from 5 to 20%. The process of production of subject materials included the processes conducted with full or partial contribution of liquid phase and it was conducted by two methods. Both the method of classic powder metallurgy and stir casting method were used for the production of composites. Lubricating phase particles heated to the temperature of 200°C were introduced to liquid metal bath and then the process of stirring and casting to moulds was performed. In case of production of composites by powder metallurgy, the process included mixing of bronze powders and lubricating phase particles, and then their consolidation. Sintering process was conducted in temperature between 750-800°C. The produced materials were tested in terms of microstructure and tribological properties with the CSM Instruments tribometer.
Root Canal System Analysis with a Group of First Permanent Molars of Upper and Lower Jaw
Authors: Mroczek K. , Szlązak K. , Jodkowska E. , Jaroszewicz J. , Swięszkowski W. , Kurzydłowski K.J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A progressive bacteria invasion on tooth tissues leads to pulp inflammation, microabscesses of the pulp, destruction and in consequence inflammation of periapical tissues. Therefore the aim of endodontic treatment is three dimensional debridement of a root canal from the vent in pulp chamber to the physiological narrowing. Therefore the aim of the study is analysis of root canal configuration, number of canals, presence of lateral canals and canal delta with the group of first permanent molars. At the same time the accuracy of the radiological examination (x-ray images) is estimated due to comprehension of X-ray images performed before teeth preparation with root canal system and after observation of transversal cuts by means of light microscopy and microtomography. This establishment is presented through the differences in conventional radiological image and clinical assessment.
Technology of Repairing QE22 Alloy Casts
Authors: Turowska A. , Adamiec J. , Rzychoń T. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hot cracking is one of the main problems involved in the casting of magnesium alloys and their joining by means of welding. Despite many research done, this type of cracking still constitutes a major problem in industrial practice. The present paper describes the impact of metallurgical, structural and technological factors on the susceptibility of the QE22 alloy to hot cracking of the repaired joints. A technology of repairing the QE22 alloy casts by means of welding and pad welding, was developed. The technology meets the qualification requirements according to EN 15614-4.
The Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of High Carbon Steel Wires after Multipass High Speed Drawning Process in Conventional and Hydrodynamic Dies
Authors: Suliga M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this work the influence of the drawing speed on lubrication conditions and mechanical properties of high carbon steel wires drawn in conventional and hydrodynamic dies has been assessed. The drawing process of ϕ5.5 mm wires to the final wire of ϕ1.7 mm was conducted in 12 passes, in industrial conditions, by means of a modern Koch multi-die drawing machine. The drawing speeds in the last passes were: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m/s. For final wires ϕ1.7 mm the investigation of mechanical properties has been carried out, in which yield strength, tensile strength, uniform and total elongation and also number of twists were determined. It has been shown that the increase of drawing speed from 5 m/s up to 25 m/s caused the increase by 6% strength properties and decrease of plasticity properties by 10%. Higher values of tensile strength and yield strength of the wires drawn conventionally with high speeds are associated with worse conditions, while in case of wires drawn hydrodynamically the main factor which caused the increase of strength properties was high lubricant pressure in hydrodynamic die, which caused the increase of total draft.
Possibilities of 3D Model Application in the Process of Aluminium Refining in the Unit With Rotary Impeller
Authors: Merder T. , Saternus M. , Warzecha P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Both primary and secondary aluminium have to be refined, especially by barbotage process. To know better the mechanism of blowing argon through aluminium in reactors with rotary impellers, numerical modelling is applied. It allows to obtain useful information like: the level of velocity field or participation of gaseous phase. However, numerical analysis requires choosing the proper model which would describe the physical phenomena occurring in the process. So, AnsysFluent code was used in the research. It allows to calculate the two-phase liquid flow for the 2D and 3D co-ordinate systems. Results of calculations for the 3D case can describe more accurately the spatial picture of the movement trajectory of the blown gas bubbles. Calculations were done for the flow rate of refining gas equal 5 dm3/min and for two cases: when there was no rotation and with 300 rpm rotary impeller speed.
Influence of the Bed Type on the Flow Resistance Change During the Two-Phase (Gas + Powder) Flow through the Descending Packed Bed
Authors: Panic B. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The flow of gases with powder in the countercurrent to the charge materials occurs in many chemical processes. In the shaft metallurgical devices, the physical and chemical processes take place also in the countercurrent system. An important issue is that there are no disruptions of the flow in this multiphase system. Under real operating conditions of the device, the powder is generated within the process and its source is the charge or it is inserted to the device within the process procedure.
In this system, a problem of bed particle suspension appears. That is why the author undertook investigations on the gas - powder flow in the descending bed. A physical model of this system was constructed. The experiments were performed and the influence of gas velocity, a type and size of the bed and powder particles as well as the powder concentration in the gas was established. Conditions when the descending bed suspension occurs were defined. In the case of physical model with glass materials, the suspension of bed did not occur. Therefore, investigations using beds of high alumina materials, blast furnace pellets and iron powder were performed. The results are presented below. When the bed of glass spheres was replaced with the bed of alumina spheres, a considerable increase in the volume of powder held up in the bed the gas flow resistance were observed. The surface properties of bed particles changed and better conditions for powder holdup were created. The actual gas velocity in the bed increased due to void fraction reduction.
Replacement of the glass powder with the iron powder caused a change in the powder density, its surface properties and the shape factor. Greater amounts of the iron powder were held up in the bed and the gas flow resistance increased.
Comparing the alumina particle bed - iron powder system to the blast furnace pellet bed - iron powder system, changes in the surface properties of bed particles and the void fraction of bed changed. The study results were the basis for defining conditions of the descending bed suspension.
The Dynamic Characteristics Research of Compact Heat Regenerator used in Regenerative Burners for Metallurgical Heating Furnaces
Authors: Wnęk M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The gas burner is a device which the main aim is delivering the right number of gas fuel and oxidizing agent and it also has to ensure flame stabilization. The difficult controlling problem appears when the modern and compact high temperature regenerative burners are used. The controlling difficulties in those systems are related to the large number of burners and a periodic change (with high frequency) of temperature field which depends on such parameter as reversion time. The knowledge of the dynamic and static regenerator characteristics makes easier the programming of automatic control and regulation process and helps in creating the new regenerator filling construction in order to improve the heat transfer intensification and the furnaces efficiency. Based on research results the paper presents the selected data research dealing with the dynamic and static regenerator characteristic. The measurement of quick-changing fluctuating thermal field and the way of the temperature sensors selection have been indicated. The regenerator starting state and pseudo-steady state characteristics have also been presented. Finally the qualities of the regenerator and the economic income have been expressed.
Biomass as a Source of Energy in Iron Ore Agglomerate Production Process
Authors: Fröhlichová M. , Legemza J. , Findorák R. , Mašlejová A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article contains characteristics of selected types of biomass, which can be considered as an alternative fuel in the production of iron ore agglomerate.
Selected types of biomass were evaluated by chemical analysis, X-ray phase analysis and microscopic analysis using the camera on microscope Olympus BX 51. Biomass was characterized according to its structure, chemical composition and chemical composition of ash. The obtained data were confronted with the data for coke breeze and based on the results, conclusions were made about the possible use of selected types of biomass as an alternative fuel in the process of iron ore agglomerate production.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of C-Mn Cold Rolled Dual Phase Steel after Continuous Annealing Process in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Šebek M. , Horňak P. , Zimovčák P. , Longauer S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The article deals with the influence of annealing parameters on evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase steel. Dual phase steel was annealed in laboratory conditions according to the three chosen cycles of annealing: into intercritical region (780°C), into austenite region (920°C) and into austenite region (920°C) by subsequently cooling into intercritical region (780°C) with the hold at the temperature of 495°C. Simulation of annealing regimes by thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble was done. The obtained microstructure consists from three phases: ferritic matrix, martensite and martensite/ bainite grains. For the microstructure identification the TEM and nanoindentation experiments were performed.
Effects of Pressure on the Rate of Tin Evaporation From Liquid Iron
Authors: Lipart J. , Łabaj J. , Słowikowski M. , Jama D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the paper, tin elimination from liquid iron alloy via low-pressure evaporation has been analysed. The experiments were performed using a single-chamber VIM 20-50 vacuum induction furnace at 1923 K and the operating pressure of 0.05 to 557 Pa.
Time Trend and prediction of Grade 2 Disability among new cases of leprosy in Nepal: A Statistical Modelling
Authors: Sathian Brijesh , Kumar Ajay , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Banerjee Indrajit , Roy Bedanta , Rajesh E 
Published: June 2014

Background It is estimated that globally there are around 2 million people with grade 2 disabilities attributed to leprosy. Objective of the study was to find out the time trends of Grade 2 Disability among the new cases of Leprosy in Nepal. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the data collected from the Health ministry records of Nepal, between 2009 and 2013. The annual reported numbers of Grade 2 Disability among new cases of leprosy plotted in y-axis against the corresponding year in the x-axis. Curve fitting, also known as regression analysis, was used to find the "best fit" line or curve for a series of data points. Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, and Cubic were chosen to fit to the obtained curve. Descriptive statistics and statistical modelling were used for the analysis and forecasting of data. Results Including the constant term from the equation, the inverse model was the best fit, for the forecasting of the Grade 2 Disability among new cases of leprosy in Nepal [R2=0.739, p=0.062]. Using inverse model, it is estimated that 78 with CI [0, 170] of Grade 2 Disability among new cases of leprosy can be expected in Nepal by the year 2020. Conclusion Our study proves Inverse model is the best fit for epidemiological modelling of Grade 2 Disability among the new cases of Leprosy in Nepal. Prevention of disabilities should begin with diagnosing leprosy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i3.10668 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(3): 378-383
Novel Embossing System for Replicating Micro-Structures on Curved Surfaces
Authors: Nian S.-C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hot embossing is widely used to replicate micro-structures on polymer plate surfaces. The polymer parts of curved surfaces with micro-structures have important functions in various optoelectronic components. However, due to the high precision needed for embossing machines and mold manufacturing, achieving uniform pressure on curved surfaces during the embossing process is difficult. This study modified conventional hot embossing processes to develop an elastic bag embossing system (EBES) for replicating micro-structures on curved surfaces. The pressure equalizing properties of the elastic bag enabled uniform application of pressure on curved surfaces embossed with a general hot compression machine. For the EBES-assisted hot embossing process, a nickel stamper was attached to the elastic bag to compress and replicate micro-structures on the PC film covering the mold surface with single direction curve. This study also developed an EBES-assisted UV exposure process that used a PDMS soft-mold attached to the elastic bag surface to compress the UV curable photoresist covering the surface of the convex lens. Micro-structures were then formed by exposing the photoresist. Experimental results showed that the EBES with Ni stamper could successfully replicated micro-structures onto a 200 mm × 200 mm curved PC film and that the EBES-assisted UV exposure could successfully produced a 50 mm diameter fresnel lens on a convex profile with material of UV photoresist. Experimental tests of pressure-sensitive film showed that EBES enables uniform application of pressure on curved surfaces during the embossing process on standard hot compression machines. The experimental results confirm that the EBES developed in this study is an efficient and economical method for replicating micro-structures on curved surface.
Enhance Slower Relaxation Process of Poly(ethyl acrylate) through Internal Plasticization
Authors: He X. R. , Yu H. , Zhang R. , Yang C. H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we report a chemical way to resolve longer motions units in the glass-rubber transition region of poly (ethyl acrylate) (PEA), so called internal plasticization. The ethyl acrylate (EA) monomers were copolymerized with little amount of isoprene (IP) monomers. We propose that the single bonds adjunct to double bonds would have better flexible activity than usual single bonds, so the motion units located between two adjunct double bonds would be enhanced. The dynamic mechanical spectra of internally plasticized PEA (IPPEA) and PEA show that the tan δ of IPPEA is asymmetric, while the tan δ of PEA is symmetric. Furthermore, the results of 2D-DMAS show that the LSM, SRM and RM of IPPEA are located at 7 °C, 12 °C and 36 °C. The shoulder peak of tan δ of IPPEA at higher temperature side was confirmed that it contains sub-rouse mode (SRM) and rouse mode (RM). Thus, internal plasticization is an effective way to resolve modes above Tg.
On the role of Susanna in <i>Susanna</i>: A Greimassian contribution
Authors: Kanonge Dickh M. , Jordaan Pierre J. 
Published: June 2014

This article addresses the highly disputed distribution of roles in the story of Susanna. Susanna consists of a number of actors of whom only a few such as Susanna, the two elders, the Jewish people and Daniel are directly related to the central action of the story. With regard to roles of these actors in the story however, a question arises: ‘who is the subject of the story of Susanna?’ Most scholars question the attribution of the role of subject to Susanna.Their contention however, has not yet been sustained by convincing evidence stemming from the use of a suitable method. This study attempts to fill this gap by using the Greimassian approach to narratives, as refined by Everaert-Desmedt. The approach comprises three levels of analysis: the figurative, the narrative and the thematic. The contribution focuses only on the narrative level of analysis, particularly on the actantial model because the main role of this structure is to reveal different functions of actors called here actants. It is the contention here that following the actantial model of the Greimassian approach of analysis Susanna emerges as the subject of the aim concern of the story.
Steroids in critically ill-patients with septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: A limited review of current knowledge
Authors: De Regt Jouke 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The role of corticosteroids in critically ill patients has always been discussed by researchers and clinicians dedicated in the related field. Despite several decades of clinical studies exploring their role in both sepsis and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), their use remains controversial. This short review highlights current knowledge and opinions.
The Relationship between Return on Investment and Quality of Study Methodology in Workplace Health Promotion Programs
Authors: Baxter Siyan , Sanderson Kristy , Venn Alison J. , Blizzard C. Leigh , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2014

Objective. To determine the relationship between return on investment (ROI) and quality of study methodology in workplace health promotion programs. Data Source. Data were obtained through a systematic literature search of National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Database (HTA), Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) Registry, EconLit, PubMed, Embase, Wiley, and Scopus. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Included were articles written in English or German reporting cost(s) and benefit(s) and single or multicomponent health promotion programs on working adults. Return-to-work and workplace injury prevention studies were excluded. Data Extraction. Methodological quality was graded using British Medical Journal Economic Evaluation Working Party checklist. Economic outcomes were presented as ROI. Data Synthesis. ROI was calculated as ROI = (benefits − costs of program)/costs of program. Results were weighted by study size and combined using meta-analysis techniques. Sensitivity analysis was performed using two additional methodological quality checklists. The influences of quality score and important study characteristics on ROI were explored. Results. Fifty-one studies (61 intervention arms) published between 1984 and 2012 included 261,901 participants and 122,242 controls from nine industry types across 12 countries. Methodological quality scores were highly correlated between checklists (r = .84–.93). Methodological quality improved over time. Overall weighted ROI [mean ± standard deviation (confidence interval)] was 1.38 ± 1.97 (1.38–1.39), which indicated a 138% return on investment. When accounting for methodological quality, an inverse relationship to ROI was found. High-quality studies (n= 18) had a smaller mean ROI, 0.26 ± 1.74 (.23–.30), compared to moderate (n= 16) 0.90 ± 1.25 (.90–.91) and low-quality (n= 27) 2.32 ± 2.14 (2.30–2.33) studies. Randomized control trials (RCTs) (n= 12) exhibited negative ROI, −0.22 ± 2.41(–.27 to –.16). Financial returns become increasingly positive across quasi-experimental nonexperimental, and modeled studies: 1.12 ± 2.16 (1.11–1.14), 1.61 ± 0.91 (1.56–1.65), and 2.05 ± 0.88 (2.04–2.06), respectively. Conclusion. Overall, mean weighted ROI in workplace health promotion demonstrated a positive ROI. Higher methodological quality studies provided evidence of smaller financial returns. Methodological quality and study design are important determinants.
Recurrent cerebral ischaemia in a pregnant woman with patent foramen ovale II° and thrombophilia
Authors: Hendelmeier M. , von Bardeleben R. , Gröschel K. , Schinzel H. , Hecking C. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThis case report concerns a pregnant multipara (age: 27 years) in the 16th gestational week. She developed a sudden onset of paraesthesia in her left lower arm although injecting dalteparin 5000 IU once daily subcutaneously (s. c.) due to a heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation and a prior miscarriage in the first pregnancy and preeclampsia in her third pregnancy. After the miscarriage she delivered two healthy children under prophylactic anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Now via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) she was diagnosed as having multiple cerebral ischaemic lesions. Further workup revealed the presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) II° but no venous thrombosis in her legs. She was then treated with dalte parin 5000 IU twice daily by subcutaneous injections.At 19th gestational week she developed paraesthesia in her left lower arm again. The MRI showed a cortical lesion in the territory of the right median cerebral artery. The anticoagulation dose was increased stepwise under surveillance of the anti-FXa-level 3–4 h after subcutaneous injections aiming to achieve the supratherapeutic range of 1.2–1.5 IU/ml anti-Xa-units. No more neurological symptoms appeared under this antithrombotic therapy. The patient delivered by induction of labor at the 38th gestational week.