bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for Cybersecurity in Automotive Industry
Authors: Prasanth Nair Anay , Gochhayat Sarada Prasad , Torremocha Virgel , Kethar Jothsna 
Published: August 2024

This research paper analyzes the importance of cybersecurity in the automotive industry and explains how cybersecurity threats impact the modern world of connected, autonomous, and electrical vehicles. Furthermore, this paper covers in-depth research into the different types of automotive cyber threats such as physical, sensor, software, and network attacks on a vehicle, and various methods to prevent these threats from happening in real-world scenarios. The research paper also helps the reader to gain a broader understanding of cybersecurity in the automotive world. The methodology of this research involved analyzing and collecting information through various external websites, articles, and research papers. Information was collected on automotive cybersecurity incidents from news articles and international cyber security conference presentations. Based on this evidence from various external sources, the research problem was supported by factual data. This paper also talks about all the various solutions to cybersecurity threats in depth such as authentication and encryption, malware detection, software analysis, VPNs (Virtual Private Network), and cryptography. This paper also provides information about some of the new regulations and standards that are currently adopted in the automotive industry. With the rapid change in automotive technology, it is important to be aware that cars can have up to 150 ECUs (Electronic Control Unit) and about 300 million lines of code in near future which could expose more vulnerabilities. (2020, McKinsey & Company). To meet the challenge of these automotive cyber security threats, it is important that awareness should be created among the product engineers and researchers working on future automobiles. This paper attempts at exploring the challenges with automotive cyber security and creating this awareness.
Renewable Energy in Southeast Asia
Authors: Woo Jeongho 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:

Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, offer great promise in the fight against climate change. The use of these clean energy sources can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate the impacts of global warming. One of the biggest advantages of renewable energy is that it is sustainable and does not deplete natural resources. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and create harmful emissions when burned, renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally and emit little to no greenhouse gasses. This makes them a crucial component in the transition to a low-carbon economy and a sustainable future.
Solar energy has great potential in Southeast Asia due to the region's high levels of solar irradiation. Several countries in the region, including Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines, have implemented policies and incentives to encourage the deployment of solar energy systems.
Hydropower is another significant source of renewable energy in Southeast Asia, particularly in countries with large rivers and mountainous regions such as Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar. However, the development of large hydropower projects has faced criticism due to their potential environmental and social impacts.
Wind energy is less prevalent in Southeast Asia, but there are increasing efforts to develop wind power in some countries, such as Vietnam and the Philippines. However, the region's low wind speeds and limited land availability for wind turbines have limited the potential for large-scale deployment.
But what is the status of the uptake of solar, wind, and hydropower energies? This paper focuses on South East Asia and the uptake of renewable energies in the past two decades. We focus on the different laws and policies in place in multiple countries and how those laws have been implemented in the countries, and what remains to be done.
Understanding drivers of wildfires in California
Authors: Randhawa Jaden , Farquhar Samantha 
Published: August 2024

This research study investigates the intricate relationship between El Niño events, precipitation patterns, and wildfires in California over the past two decades. California, known for its susceptibility to wildfires, has experienced significant variations in precipitation influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of El Niño events on California's precipitation patterns and subsequently assess their association with wildfire occurrences. Predicting wildfire and precipitation wildfires are important to California’s significant agriculture production and better preparing for possible droughts or wildfires. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive analysis of climate data spanning the last 20 years was conducted. Historical records of El Niño episodes, obtained from reputable sources, were measured by correlation with precipitation data acquired from meteorological databases. Additionally, wildfire occurrence and severity data were collected from relevant agencies and organizations to be measured for correlation. As it turns out, while there was some positive correlation with El Nino and precipitation, there was little direct correlation between El Nino and wildfires. This means that there are many more complex factors to be assessed when figuring out causes of wildfires in addition to El Nino. The findings of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the main causes of wildfires in California. The results can inform policymakers, land managers, and disaster response agencies in developing more effective strategies to mitigate the risks associated with wildfires. Additionally, the study will provide valuable insights into the influence of climate variability on fire-prone ecosystems, aiding in the prediction and management of future wildfire events.
The Effects of Sheng’ Vocabulary Usage in the Learning of Kiswahili Grammar in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya
Authors: Mugun Dorcas , Simiyu John , Koros Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Sheng’ is a linguistic code based primarily on the Kiswahili structure and grammar with the lexicon drawn from Kiswahili, English and the various ethnic languages of Kenya; that are mostly spoken in towns and other urban areas. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of Sheng’ vocabulary on the learning of Kiswahili grammar in public secondary schools in Kenya.
Methodology: Krejcie & Morgan sampling table was used to sample the schools. Stratified random sampling, simple random sampling and purposive strategy were used to sample the public secondary schools to participate. Krejcie and Morgan sampling table was used to sample 55 teachers of Kiswahili and 360 students to take part in the study. Data was collected using observation schedules, focused group discussion guides and a writing task for students. Questionnaires and interview guides were used for teachers of Kiswahili. Qualitative data collected was analyzed thematically to generate information that was summarized in graphics and discussed in narrative form. Quantitative data was analyzed with the help of Statistical package for social Studies.
Findings: The findings of the study further revealed that Sheng’ vocabulary influenced written Kiswahili grammar as learners wrote Sheng’ words whereas they were expected to write standard Kiswahili.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: School administrators should come up with a school-based language policy so as to control learners’ language environment. The ministry of education should encourage the culture of drama, music and debate competition among schools. The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development should also ensure language use is stipulated in Kiswahili curriculum and Sheng’ be considered as an independent language code in the country.
Methodologies and best practices for audit and compliance in governmental financial management
Authors: Oghenekome Urefe  , Theodore Narku Odonkor  , Edith Ebele Agu  
Published: August 2024

This review paper explores the methodologies and best practices in audit and compliance in governmental financial management. It provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory framework and standards governing public sector audits, discusses the types of audits commonly conducted, and outlines the typical audit processes. The paper identifies significant challenges faced in governmental auditing, such as limited resources, the complexity of operations, and resistance to change. It highlights the critical role of risk management and technology in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of ongoing training and capacity building for auditors and compliance officers. The paper concludes by considering emerging trends in the field, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and the emphasis on sustainability. It offers recommendations for further research to enhance the efficacy of governmental audit and compliance practices.
Keywords: Governmental Financial Management, Audit Processes, Compliance, Risk Management, Public Sector Accountability.
Data-driven credit risk monitoring: Leveraging machine learning in risk management
Authors: Stanley Chidozie Umeorah  , Adesola Oluwatosin Adelaja  , Bibitayo Ebunlomo Abikoye  , Oluwatoyin Funmilayo Ayodele  , Yewande Mariam Ogunsuji  
Published: August 2024

This review explores the evolution of credit risk monitoring, tracing its journey from traditional qualitative assessments to the current integration of machine learning (ML). It highlights how the integration of ML and big data has introduced unprecedented capabilities for analyzing extensive datasets and detecting subtle patterns beyond human capacity. These advanced technologies enable more accurate, efficient and dynamic credit risk predictions through techniques such as random forests, gradient boosting and decision trees. The transformative potential of these methodologies in credit risk assessment was critically examined, addressing challenges such as legacy system integration, data quality and regulatory compliance. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating forward-looking macroeconomic indicators to comply with applicable financial reporting standards and regulatory requirements. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity of ensuring model transparency to maintain trust and compliance. By leveraging the power of big data and ML, the study shows that financial institutions can achieve more precise and proactive risk assessments, enhancing decision-making processes and mitigating potential risks. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights for stakeholders, guiding the implementation of advanced analytical techniques to improve credit risk management. Ultimately, it underscores the potential for a more robust, efficient and stable financial system through the strategic application of ML and big data analytics.
Keywords: Credit Risk Management, Financial Services, Machine Learning, Big Data, Financial Transformation.
Enhancing financial reporting accuracy and compliance efficiency in legal firms through technological innovations
Authors: Oghenekome Urefe  , Theodore Narku Odonkor  , Edith Ebele Agu  
Published: August 2024

This review paper explores the transformative impact of technological innovations on financial reporting accuracy and compliance efficiency within legal firms. It examines the current challenges legal firms face in maintaining accurate financial records and adhering to regulatory requirements, highlighting issues such as manual errors, complex transactions, and evolving regulations. The paper delves into the roles of automation, artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and blockchain technology in addressing these challenges, demonstrating how these tools can enhance financial precision, transparency, and operational efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the future trends in regulatory technology (RegTech), integrated compliance management systems, and real-time monitoring and reporting, emphasizing their potential to streamline compliance processes further. Practical recommendations are provided for legal firms to adopt and integrate these emerging technologies successfully. The paper concludes by underscoring the critical importance of technological innovation in enhancing legal firms' financial and compliance capabilities, ensuring they remain competitive and compliant in a dynamic regulatory environment.
Keywords: Financial Reporting, Compliance Efficiency, Legal Firms, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, RegTech.
Enhancing dealership management software with AI integration for improved customer service and future innovations
Authors: Angela Omozele Abhulimen  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  
Published: August 2024

This review paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into dealership management software to enhance customer service and foster future innovations. The primary objective is to synthesize existing research and industry practices to understand how AI technologies can streamline operations, personalize customer interactions, and drive business growth within automotive dealerships. The paper reviews key AI applications, including AI-driven chatbots and virtual assistants that provide automated support, predictive analytics for customer behavior and sales forecasting, and personalized marketing strategies. The analysis reveals that AI significantly improves customer service efficiency by reducing response times and enhancing customer satisfaction. Predictive maintenance and inventory management powered by AI algorithms ensure optimal resource allocation, minimizing downtime and operational costs. Additionally, the paper identifies potential future innovations facilitated by AI advancements, such as augmented reality (AR) for virtual vehicle tours and blockchain for secure transaction management. These innovations promise to elevate the customer experience and streamline dealership processes, creating a competitive edge in the market. The integration of AI into dealership management software presents substantial benefits in improving customer service and operational efficiency. The paper emphasizes the need for continuous investment in AI technologies and employee training to fully harness these advantages. Future research should focus on exploring emerging AI applications and their long-term impact on the automotive industry, ensuring dealerships remain adaptable and competitive in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Dealership Management Software, Customer Service, Predictive Analytics, Augmented Reality, Blockchain, Automotive Industry.
AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAUN TAMPA BADAK (Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe PADA SEL KANKER PAYUDARA T47D
Authors: Susanty Adriani , Rahim Soleha Ulfa 
Published: August 2024

Tampa badak (Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia dari keluarga Apocynaceae yang berpotensi sebagai obat kanker darah, paru dan serviks. Belum ada pengujian aktivitas antikanker terhadap sel kanker payudara untuk itu perlu dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak n-heksana daun tampa badak yang diuji secara in vitro pada sel kanker payudara T47D untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik dengan metode MTT Assay. Sel kanker payudara T47D diberi perlakuan dengan 5 seri konsentrasi ekstrak 0,1; 0,5; 1; 5; dan 10 µg/mL dan diinkubasikan selama 24, 48 dan 72 jam. Parameter yang diukur adalah nilai IC50. Hasil uji MTT Assay menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak n-heksana terhadap sel kanker T47D pada waktu 24, 48 dan 72 jam masing-masing sebesar 1,42; 0,19 dan 0,81 μg/mL. Hasil uji efek terbaik pada waktu 48 jam dengan IC50 0,19 μg/mL. Hasil uji analisa Two Way ANOVA menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan persen viabilitas terhadap waktu inkubasi (p*<0,05) dimana waktu inkubasi 48 jam berbeda secara signifikan dengan waktyu inkubasi 24 dan 72 jam, dimana waktu inkubasi terbaik adalah 48 jam dan terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi terhadap persen viabilitas (p*<0,05), dimana terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi 0,1 dengan konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 5; dan 10 μg/mL, dimana konsentrasi terbaik dalam menurunkan persen viabilitas adalah 0,5 μg/mL.
Tampa badak (Voacanga foetida (Blume) Rolfe) is a plant found in Indonesia from the Apocynaceae family which has the potential as a cure for blood, lung and cervical cancer. There has been no anticancer activity testing against breast cancer cells, for that it is necessary to test the cytotoxicity of n-hexane extract of rhinoceros tampa leaves tested in vitro on T47D breast cancer cells to determine the cytotoxic effect with the MTT Assay method. T47D breast cancer cells were treated with 5 series of 0.1 extract concentration; 0,5; 1; 5; and 10 μg/mL and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The measured parameter is the IC50 value. The results of the MTT Assay test showed that the IC50 value of n-hexane extract against T47D cancer cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours was 1.42; 0.19 and 0.81 μg/mL, respectively. The best effect test results within 48 hours with IC50 0.19 μg/mL. The results of the Two Way ANOVA analysis test stated that there was a difference in percent viability to incubation time (p*<0.05) where the incubation time of 48 hours was significantly different from the incubation time of 24 and 72 hours, where the best incubation time was 48 hours and there was a difference in concentration to percent viability (p*<0.05), where there was a difference in concentration of 0.1 with a concentration of 0.5; 1; 5; and 10 μg/mL, where the best concentration in lowering percent viability is 0.5 μg/mL.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INFUSA TUMBUHAN CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L.) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus L.) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI GLUKOSA
Authors: Febrina Mira , Hidayah Riani , Novitasari Meliza 
Published: August 2024

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian infusa tumbuhan ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) terhadap kadar gula darah mencit putih (Mus musculus L.) jantan yang diinduksi glukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian infusa tumbuhan ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) terhadap kadar gula darah mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan yang diinduksi glukosa 9750 mg/KgBB dan untuk melihat berapa dosis efektif yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah pada mencit putih jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (TTGO). Hewan percobaan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif hanya diberikan akuades, kelompok kontrol positif diberi metformin dengan dosis 65 mg/KgBB, kelompok perlakuan diberi sediaan infusa tumbuhan ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30%. Setelah masing-masing hewan uji diberi perlakuan 30 menit kemudian diberi glukosa 9750 mg/KgBB secara oral. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah mencit pada menit 30-120. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian infusa tumbuhan ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% memiliki penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit putih (Mus musculus L.) dan dosis yang efektif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah adalah konsentrasi 20%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari hasil uji ANOVA dua arah dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc Tukey juga menunjukkan bahwa lama pemberian dapat mempengaruhi penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit (p<0,05).
PENGARUH TEKNIK LIQUISOLID MENGGUNAKAN TRANSCUTOL® HP TERHADAP DISOLUSI ASAM FENOFIBRAT
Authors: Suhery Wira Noviana , Nofriyanti  , Permatasari Annisa 
Published: August 2024

Kelarutan merupakan salah satu parameter yang dapat mempengaruhi ketersediaan hayati obat. Obat-obatan dengan kelarutan yang rendah membutuhkan dosis tinggi untuk mencapai konsentrasi oral terapeutik. Asam fenofibrat adalah obat yang memiliki kelarutan dalam air yang rendah dan permeabilitas yang tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah kelarutan adalah dengan teknik liquisolid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik liquisolid asam fenofibrat terhadap disolusinya. Formulasi dengan teknik liquisolid dibuat dengan jenis dan jumlah yang bervariasi menggunakan pelarut Transcutol® HP, bahan pembawa Neusilin® US2 serta bahan penyalut Aerosil® 200. Formulasi liquisolid dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:4 (F1); 1:8 (F2); dan 1:12 (F3). Formulasi terbaik kemudian dilihat dari faktor Hausner, kompresibilitas, porositas, kecepatan alir, sudut istirahat dan uji disolusi. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya perubahan bentuk mikroskopis liquisolid asam fenofibrat dan perbedaan terhadap hasil evaluasi dan disolusi antar formula. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik ANOVA menunjukkan asam fenofibrat yang dibuat dengan teknik liquisolid dapat meningkatkan laju disolusi dibandingkan dengan asam fenofibrat murni. Berdasarkan hasil semua evaluasi, formulasi terbaik dengan peningkatan disolusi paling tinggi adalah F3, dengan nilai ED60 = 83,2%.
Solubility is one of the parameters that can influence the bioavailability of drugs. Drugs with low solubility require high doses to achieve therapeutic oral concentrations. Fenofibric acid is a drug that has low solubility and high permeability. One way to overcome the solubility problem is with the liquisolid technique. This research aims to determine the effect of the fenofibric acid liquisolid technique on its dissolution. Formulations using the liquisolid technique are made in varying types and quantities using Transcutol® HP as solvent, Neusilin® US2 as carrier material and Aerosil® 200 as coating material. Liquid formulations are made in a ratio of 1:4 (F1); 1:8 (F2); and 1:12 (F3). The best formulation is based on the Hausner factor, compressibility, porosity, flow properties, angle of repose and dissolution test. The evaluation results showed changes in the microscopic shape of the liquisolid fenofibric acid and differences in evaluation and dissolution results between formulas. Based on the results of the ANOVA statistical test, it show that fenofibric acid made using the liquisolid technique can increase the dissolution rate compared to pure fenofibric acid. Based on the results of all evaluations, the best formulation with the highest dissolution increase is F3, with an ED60 value = 83.2%.