bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syndrome‐Specific Patterns of Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Posterior Cortical Atrophy in Comparison to Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease—A [F‐18]‐Fdg Pet Study
Authors: Spehl Timo S. , Hellwig Sabine , Amtage Florian , Weiller Cornelius , Bormann Tobias , Weber Wolfgang A. , Hüll Michael , Meyer Philipp T. , Frings Lars 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPosterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare neurodegenerative syndrome with visuospatial deficits. PET studies have identified hypometabolism of the occipital cortex in PCA. There is, however, a huge overlap in clinical presentation and involvement of the occipital cortex between PCA, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Syndrome‐specific patterns of metabolism have not yet been demonstrated that allow for a reliable differentiation with [F‐18]‐FDG‐PET.METHODSA total of 33 dementia patients (PCA n = 6, DLB n = 12, AD n = 15) who underwent [F‐18]‐FDG‐PET imaging and a neuropsychological examination were retrospectively analyzed. Group comparisons of regional cerebral glucose metabolism were calculated with statistical parametric mapping. Extracted clusters were used to evaluate discrimination accuracy by logistic regression.RESULTSPCA patients showed a syndrome‐specific area of hypometabolism in the right lateral temporooccipital cortex. DLB patients showed specific hypometabolism predominantly in the left occipital cortex. Logistic regression based on these two regions correctly separated patients with a sensitivity/specificity of 83/93% for PCA, 75/86% for DLB and 67/78% for AD. Overall accuracy was 73%.CONCLUSION[F‐18]‐FDG‐PET could reveal syndrome‐specific patterns of glucose metabolism in PCA and DLB. Accurate group discrimination in the differential diagnosis of dementia with visuospatial impairment is feasible.
Successes and Challenges in the Implementation of Care Pathways in an Intellectual Disability Service: Health Professionals' Experiences
Authors: Wood Susan , Gangadharan Satheesh , Tyrer Freya , Gumber Rohit , Devapriam John , Hiremath Avinash , Bhaumik Sabyasachi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHealthcare pathways are a relatively new approach to delivering care in intellectual disability services. The authors endeavored to ascertain and explore successes and challenges in the implementation of care pathways in a National Health Service adult intellectual disability service in Leicestershire, UK. Data were obtained from a variety of sources including observations of multidisciplinary team meetings, issue logs, and feedback from health professionals. Constant comparative analysis identified 10 themes: communication between health professionals; clarity and dissemination of relevant documentation; multidisciplinary working; role of health professionals; role of administrative staff; locality differences; information technology systems; care pathway procedures; attitudes toward care pathways; and impact on clients. It was found that a new implementation of care pathways approach to service delivery in the healthcare setting can be challenging for health professionals. Some of the challenges were generic to service change and could be addressed through careful and organized preplanning of the implementation process. Others, such as organizational culture and attitudes within the organization, were contextual and may be unique to each service and warrant significant advance consideration when attempting implementation.
Challenges in Implementing Inclusive Education in Ireland: Principal's Views of the Reasons Students Aged 12+ Are Seeking Enrollment to Special Schools
Authors: Kelly Aine , Devitt Catherine , O'Keeffe Donal , Donovan Anne Marie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn Ireland, an increasing number of students with special educational needs are leaving mainstream schools and enrolling in special education schools. A comparable context is countries that share an inclusion ideology and are at the implementation stage of inclusive education. The authors sought to investigate the reasons why students aged 12+ are leaving mainstream education and transferring to special schools, and to identify what burden this places on the special schools. Data were obtained from questionnaires sent to 54 special school principals. These administrators reported on their experiences with 246 transfer students. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and exact tests of significance were conducted between school groups and level of agreement with perceived difficulties. The principals reported an increasing trend (40% over 5 years) in students enrolling in special schools. The main reason given for the students leaving mainstream schools was the failure of mainstream schools to meet their academic, social, emotional, behavioral, and access‐to‐health resource needs. Adjustment and integration problems resulted from a lack of transition planning, entering too late into the special school curriculum, and an over‐dependency on supports. Students were reported to display a lack of self‐confidence, classroom disengagement, peer interaction difficulties, and challenging behavior, and these dysfunctions were attributed to the mismatch between the students' educational and other special needs and the educational environments.
Acute and Chronic Effects of a Contraceptive Compound RTI‐4587‐073(l) on Testicular Histology and Endocrine Function in Miniature Horse Stallions
Authors: Pozor MA , Zambrano G , Roser J , Hess R , Runyon S , Runcan E , Thomas BF , Dymock D , Macpherson ML , Troedsson MH , Kelleman A 
Published: March 2014

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate acute endocrine effects as well as histological changes in testicular parenchyma induced by the contraceptive compound RTI‐4587‐073(l). Six miniature stallions were used in this experiment. The treatment group (n = 3) received one oral dose of 12.5 mg/kg of RTI‐4587‐073(l), and the control group (n = 3) received placebo only. The stallions' baseline parameters (semen, testicular dimensions, endocrine values) were collected and recorded for 5 weeks before treatment and for 6 weeks after treatment. Multiple blood samples were collected for endocrine analysis. Testicular biopsies were obtained before treatment, 1 day after treatment and every other week after treatment. Ultrasound exams were performed to monitor the dimensions of the stallions' testes. All stallions were castrated 6 weeks after treatment. Sperm numbers, motility and percentage of morphologically normal sperm decreased (p < 0.05), while the number of immature germ cells increased in ejaculates from treated animals (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of inhibin and follicle‐stimulating hormone did not change. Testosterone concentrations initially transiently decreased (p < 0.05) after administration of RTI‐4587‐073(l), and increased several days later (p < 0.05). Testicular content of testosterone and estradiol 17‐β was lower in treated stallions than in control stallions on Day 1 after treatment (p < 0.05). Severe disorganization of the seminiferous tubules, significant loss of immature germ cells and complete depletion of elongated spermatids were observed in testicular biopsies obtained from treated stallions 1 day, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. These changes were still present in the testicular samples taken from treated stallions after castration. The results of this study confirmed that RTI‐4587‐073(l) has antispermatogenic effects in stallions. Furthermore, we concluded that this compound causes acute sloughing of immature germ cells from the seminiferous tubules. RTI‐4587‐073(l) has significant but transient effects on Leydig cell function in stallions.
Using Mobile Phones and Short Message Service to Deliver Self‐Management Interventions for Chronic Conditions: A Meta‐Review
Authors: Jones Katherine R. , Lekhak Nirmala , Kaewluang Napatsawan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe worldwide burden of chronic disease is widespread and growing. This shift from acute to chronic care requires rethinking how resources are invested in managing these conditions. One response has been to create programs and interventions that have the goal of helping patients better manage their own conditions. Over time, these self‐management interventions and strategies have increasingly relied on various technologies for their implementation, with the newest technology being mobile phones and short message service (SMS).AimThe objective of this meta‐review was to evaluate the current evidence on the use of mobile phones and SMS to deliver self‐management interventions for chronic conditions.MethodsA meta‐review was conducted of the 11 systematic reviews (SRs) that were identified and retrieved after an extensive search of electronic databases covering the years 2000–2012. Relevant information was abstracted from each systematic review and a quality assessment carried out using the AMSTAR (“A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews”) criteria.FindingsThe number and types of included studies and total number of subjects varied significantly across the systematic reviews. Mobile phone text messaging was reported to significantly improve adherence to appointments and antiretroviral therapy, short‐term smoking quit rates, and selected clinical and behavioral outcomes. AMSTAR scores ranged from 11 to 3, reflecting substantial variation in SR quality.Linking Evidence to ActionMobile phones and SMS show promise as a technology to deliver self‐management interventions to improve outcomes of chronic care management. However, the quality of future studies and systematic reviews needs to be improved. There also are unresolved issues about the technology itself.
Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation Induces Nondefensin Protein Expression and Reverses Antibiotic-Induced Gut Defense Impairment
Authors: Wu Ying-Ying , Hsu Ching-Mei , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Fung Chang-Phone , Chen Lee-Wei 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Prior antibiotic exposure is associated with increased mortality in Gram-negative bacteria-induced sepsis. However, how antibiotic-mediated changes of commensal bacteria promote the spread of enteric pathogenic bacteria in patients remains unclear. In this study, the effects of systemic antibiotic treatment with or without Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation on bacterium-killing activity, antibacterial protein expression in the intestinal mucosa, and bacterial translocation were examined in mice receiving antibiotics with or without oral supplementation of dead
Escherichia coli
or
Staphylococcus aureus
. We developed a systemic ampicillin, vancomycin, and metronidazole treatment protocol to simulate the clinical use of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment decreased the total number of bacteria, including aerobic bacteria belonging to the family
Enterobacteriaceae
and the genus
Enterococcus
as well as organisms of the anaerobic genera
Lactococcus
and
Bifidobacterium
in the intestinal mucosa and lumen. Antibiotic treatment significantly decreased the bacterium-killing activity of the intestinal mucosa and the expression of non-defensin-family proteins, such as RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ, C-reactive protein-ductin, and RELMβ, but not the defensin-family proteins, and increased
Klebsiella pneumoniae
translocation. TLR stimulation after antibiotic treatment increased NF-κB DNA binding activity, nondefensin protein expression, and bacterium-killing activity in the intestinal mucosa and decreased
K. pneumoniae
translocation. Moreover, germfree mice showed a significant decrease in nondefensin proteins as well as intestinal defense against pathogen translocation. Since TLR stimulation induced NF-κB DNA binding activity, TLR4 expression, and mucosal bacterium-killing activity in germfree mice, we conclude that the commensal microflora is critical in maintaining intestinal nondefensin protein expression and the intestinal barrier. In turn, we suggest that TLR stimulation induces nondefensin protein expression and reverses antibiotic-induced gut defense impairment.
ZapE Is a Novel Cell Division Protein Interacting with FtsZ and Modulating the Z-Ring Dynamics
Authors: Marteyn Benoit S. , Karimova Gouzel , Fenton Andrew K. , Gazi Anastasia D. , West Nicholas , Touqui Lhousseine , Prevost Marie-Christine , Betton Jean-Michel , Poyraz Oemer , Ladant Daniel , Gerdes Kenn , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Tang Christoph M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacterial cell division requires the formation of a mature divisome complex positioned at the midcell. The localization of the divisome complex is determined by the correct positioning, assembly, and constriction of the FtsZ ring (Z-ring). Z-ring constriction control remains poorly understood and (to some extent) controversial, probably due to the fact that this phenomenon is transient and controlled by numerous factors. Here, we characterize ZapE, a novel ATPase found in Gram-negative bacteria, which is required for growth under conditions of low oxygen, while loss of
zapE
results in temperature-dependent elongation of cell shape. We found that ZapE is recruited to the Z-ring during late stages of the cell division process and correlates with constriction of the Z-ring. Overexpression or inactivation of
zapE
leads to elongation of
Escherichia coli
and affects the dynamics of the Z-ring during division.
In vitro
, ZapE destabilizes FtsZ polymers in an ATP-dependent manner.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial cell division has mainly been characterized
in vitro
. In this report, we could identify ZapE as a novel cell division protein which is not essential
in vitro
but is required during an infectious process. The bacterial cell division process relies on the assembly, positioning, and constriction of FtsZ ring (the so-called Z-ring). Among nonessential cell division proteins recently identified, ZapE is the first in which detection at the Z-ring correlates with its constriction. We demonstrate that ZapE abundance has to be tightly regulated to allow cell division to occur; absence or overexpression of ZapE leads to bacterial filamentation. As
zapE
is not essential, we speculate that additional Z-ring destabilizing proteins transiently recruited during late cell division process might be identified in the future.
Local finite-dimensional Gorenstein k-algebras having Hilbert function (1,5,5,1) are smoothable
Authors: Jelisiejew Joachim 
Published: March 2014

We consider the question of irreducibility of the Hilbert scheme of points ℋilbdℙn and its Gorenstein locus. This locus is known to be reducible for d ≥ 14. For d ≤ 11 the irreducibility of this locus was proved in the series of papers [G. Casnati and R. Notari, On the Gorenstein locus of some punctual Hilbert schemes, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 213(11) (2009) 2055–2074; On the irreducibility and the singularities of Gorenstein locus of the Punctual Hilbert scheme of degree 10, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 215(6) (2011) 1243–1254; Irreducibility of the Gorenstein locus of the Punctual Hilbert Scheme of degree 11, preprint (2012)] and Iarrobino conjectured that the irreducibility holds for d ≤ 13. In this paper, we prove that the subschemes corresponding to the Gorenstein algebras having Hilbert function (1, 5, 5, 1) are smoothable, i.e. lie in the closure of the locus of smooth subschemes. This result completes the proof of irreducibility of the Gorenstein locus of ℋilb12ℙn, see Theorem 2.
‘Iam Corpus’ or ‘Non Corpus’? On Abelard’s First Argument Against Material Essence Realism in the Logica ‘Ingredientibus’
Authors: Tarlazzi Caterina 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates Abelard’s first argument against the ‘material essence’ realist view on universals in the Logica ‘Ingredientibus’. It analyses three different interpretations of the argument, those of Alain de Libera, Peter King and Martin Tweedale. Much depends on the (for this section, single) manuscript reading ‘iam corpus’ in a crucial passage. The paper argues against the manuscript reading (endorsed by some scholars) and in favour of the emendation ‘non corpus’ suggested by the editor, Bernhard Geyer. The emended reading is supported by comparison with similar arguments of Abelard and his school found in published and unpublished sources.
A new genus and species of felt scale (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) from New Caledonia
Authors: HODGSON CHRIS , MILLE CHRISTIAN , CAZÈRES SYLVIE 
Published: March 2014

A new genus of Eriococcidae, Choneochiton Hodgson, is introduced to take a new species, Choneochiton casuarinae Hodgson, Mille & Cazères, off Casuarina collina (Casuarinaceae) from New Caledonia. All stages except the pupa and prepupa are described and illustrated. The new species is thought to be endemic to New Caledonia.
DB2: a probabilistic approach for accurate detection of tandem duplication breakpoints using paired-end reads
Authors: Yavaş Gökhan , Koyutürk Mehmet , Gould Meetha P , McMahon Sarah , LaFramboise Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of paired-end high throughput sequencing, it is now possible to identify various types of structural variation on a genome-wide scale. Although many methods have been proposed for structural variation detection, most do not provide precise boundaries for identified variants. In this paper, we propose a new method,DistributionBased detection ofDuplicationBoundaries (DB2), for accurate detection of tandem duplication breakpoints, an important class of structural variation, with high precision and recall.ResultsOur computational experiments on simulated data show that DB2outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of finding breakpoints of tandem duplications, with a higher positive predictive value (precision) in calling the duplications’ presence. In particular, DB2’s prediction of tandem duplications is correct 99% of the time even for very noisy data, while narrowing down the space of possible breakpoints within a margin of 15 to 20 bps on the average. Most of the existing methods provide boundaries in ranges that extend to hundreds of bases with lower precision values. Our method is also highly robust to varying properties of the sequencing library and to the sizes of the tandem duplications, as shown by its stable precision, recall and mean boundary mismatch performance. We demonstrate our method’s efficacy using both simulated paired-end reads, and those generated from a melanoma sample and two ovarian cancer samples. Newly discovered tandem duplications are validated using PCR and Sanger sequencing.ConclusionsOur method, DB2, uses discordantly aligned reads, taking into account the distribution of fragment length to predict tandem duplications along with their breakpoints on a donor genome. The proposed method fine tunes the breakpoint calls by applying a novel probabilistic framework that incorporates the empirical fragment length distribution to score each feasible breakpoint. DB2is implemented in Java programming language and is freely available athttp://mendel.gene.cwru.edu/laframboiselab/software.php.
Markers of gut mucosal inflammation and cow's milk specific immunoglobulins in non‐IgE cow's milk allergy
Authors: Merras‐Salmio Laura , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Pelkonen Anna S , Kuitunen Mikael , Mäkelä Mika J , Savilahti Erkki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAllergy to cow's milk protein (CMP) may cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the absence of CMP specific IgE. The immunological mechanisms involved in such disease are not fully understood. Therefore we examined markers of gut mucosal inflammation and the immunoglobulin profiles in children with Gl symptoms suspected of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA).Patients and methodsWe prospectively recruited infants and young children (n = 57; median age 8.7 months) with gastrointestinal complaints suspected of CMPA. The diagnosis of CMPA was made using the double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge. Serum and stool samples were collected during CMP‐free diet and after both placebo and active challenges. We analyzed the stool samples for calprotectin, human β‐defensin 2 and IgA. In serum, we analyzed the levels of β‐lactoglobulin and α‐casein specific IgA, and IgG antibodies (total IgG and subclasses IgG1 and IgG4). Control group included children with e.g. dermatological or pulmonary problems, consuming normal diets.ResultsFecal calprotectin levels were higher in the challenge positive group (n = 18) than in the negative (n = 37), with respective geometric means 55 μg/g [95% confidence interval 38–81] and 29 [24–36] μg/g (p = 0.0039), during cow's milk free diet. There were no significant inter‐group differences in the fecal β‐defensin and IgA levels. The CMP specific IgG and IgA were not elevated in patients with CMPA, but the levels of β‐lactoglobulin‐IgG4 (p = 0.0118) and α‐casein‐IgG4 (p = 0.0044), and total α‐casein‐IgG (p = 0.0054) and ‐IgA (p = 0.0050) in all patient samples (regardless of CMPA diagnosis) were significantly lower compared to the control group using dairy products.ConclusionsDespite cow's milk elimination in children intolerant to cow's milk there might be ongoing low‐grade inflammation in the gut mucosa. CMP specific IgG or IgA should not be used to diagnose non‐IgE CMPA. The observed frequency of impaired CMP specific total IgA, IgG and IgG4 production in patients following cow's milk free diet warrants further studies.
ESR studies on the free radical generation in wood by irradiation with selected sources from UV to IR wavelength regions
Authors: Baur Sandra I. , Easteal Allan J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The formation of free radicals in pine and kwila woods and cellulose and kraft lignin was studied to understand better the impact of radiation on wood degradation. Wood specimens were irradiated with sources emitting in the UV, Vis, and IR regions and then analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and the increment of free radicals generated was measured. In addition, samples were irradiated by color filtered light. Lignin was found to be more susceptible to radiation than cellulose. Kwila wood is more photostable than pine, probably due to the photoprotective extractive contents in the former. As expected, lower energy wavelengths generated fewer free radicals. However, fluorescent lighting generated as many free radicals as UV irradiation indicating that high-energy visible radiation is equally harmful to wood surfaces. Light-colored filters absorbing the latter wavelength region reduced the photodegrading damage. Accordingly, transparent stains containing colored pigments which imitate the filter effect should provide better protection of wood surfaces against sunlight.
Radii of starlikeness and convexity of analytic functions satisfying certain coefficient inequalities
Authors: Ravichandran V. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
For 0 ≤ α < 1, the sharp radii of starlikeness and convexity of order α for functions of the form f(z) = z + a
2
z
2 + a
3
z
3 + ... whose Taylor coefficients a
n satisfy the conditions |a
2| = 2b, 0 ≤ b ≤ 1, and |a
n| ≤ n, M or M/n (M > 0) for n ≥ 3 are obtained. Also a class of functions related to Carathéodory functions is considered.
Growth and approximation of solutions to a class of certain linear partial differential equations in ℝN
Authors: Kumar Devendra 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper we consider the equation ∇2
φ + A(r
2)X · ∇φ + C(r
2)φ = 0 for X ∈ ℝN whose coefficients are entire functions of the variable r = |X|. Corresponding to a specified axially symmetric solution φ and set C
n of (n + 1) circles, an axially symmetric solution Λn*(x, η;C
n) and Λn(x, η;C
n) are found that interpolates to φ(x, η) on the C
n and converges uniformly to φ(x, η) on certain axially symmetric domains. The main results are the characterization of growth parameters order and type in terms of axially symmetric harmonic polynomial approximation errors and Lagrange polynomial interpolation errors using the method developed in [MARDEN, M.: Axisymmetric harmonic interpolation polynomials in ℝN, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 196 (1974), 385–402] and [MARDEN, M.: Value distribution of harmonic polynomials in several real variables, Trans. Amer. math. Soc. 159 (1971), 137–154].