bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile compounds in intermittent frying by gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Romano Raffaele , Giordano Anella , Le Grottaglie Laura , Manzo Nadia , Paduano Antonello , Sacchi Raffaele , Santini Antonello 
Published: March 2013

Identification of volatile compounds formed when frying food represents an important tool to identify markers of oil thermal degradation, and can help to elucidate the chemical reactions occurring during deep frying. In particular, in this study the heat‐induced degradation of edible oil has been evaluated by analyzing the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fatty acids formed during intermittent frying with the aim of finding new possible markers to correlate with the total polar compounds (TPC) fraction. The frying was realized using a thermostatically temperature‐controlled fryer at a temperature of 180 ± 5°C. A mixed oil constituted by palm, sunflower, and soybean frying oil and commercially available frozen potatoes have been used. The intermittent frying (4 h per day) with the same oil was repeated at 24 h intervals for a total of 40 h. VOCs were identification has been obtained by dynamic head space analysis combined with high resolution GC–MS. Among the VOCs, two compounds, namely (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, and (E)‐2‐undecenal, showed good correlations with the TPC values. NMR spectra (1H NMR) confirmed that 2‐alkenals and alka‐2,4‐dienals are the major compounds formed during the deep frying.Practical applications: The analysis of volatile compounds during intermittent deep frying using mixed oil allowed to show a good correlation of C18:2 (cis‐9, cis‐12), (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal and (E)‐2‐undecenal, and of the ratio C16:0/C18:2 (cis‐9, cis‐12) with total polar compounds in both frying oils and thermo‐oxidized oils. In particular, the results obtained from the analytical evaluation of the thermo‐oxidized and fried oils subjected to prolonged intermittent heating for deep frying led to the conclusion that these data could be used as an alternative way for monitoring the thermal degradation of frying oils. This contributes with other resource to try to answer the question: when should frying oil be discarded? Many variables can affect the thermal degradation of frying oil, and the presence/absence of volatile compounds is a marker of frying oil thermal degradation. A specific analysis detection method and data correlation as reported could lead to assess the key point for discarding the frying oil.
Synthesis of the C4–C17 Fragment of Saliniketals A and B
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , Perez Carla C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA highly stereoselective synthesis of the C4–C17 fragment of saliniketals A and B was completed. The key steps in this synthesis included a syn‐aldol reaction mediated by a boron enolate and a double diastereodifferentiating aldol reaction mediated by a titanium enolate. Moreover, a substrate‐controlled Grignard reaction, an intramolecular Wacker‐type cyclization and a Seyferth–Gilbert homologation provided the C4–C17 fragment of saliniketals A and B in 16 steps and with a 7 % overall yield.
Pinacol Approach to the Eunicellane Skeleton
Authors: Al Batal Mona , Jones Peter G. , Lindel Thomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA short route to a partially aromatic version of the eunicellane skeleton, which occurs in cytostatic marine diterpenoids, was developed. The key step is the pinacol cyclization of a p‐cymene‐derived C20 keto aldehyde to form the 10‐membered ring of the [8.4.0] bicycle. We observed different reactivities upon employment of the SmI2/THF or TiCl3/Zn–Cu/DME reagent system. Upon treatment with SmI2 in THF, the arylalkynes cyclized to novel [4.2.0] cyclohexylidene benzocyclobutanols, whereas the corresponding arylalkenes reacted to the desired [8.4.0] system. Under McMurry conditions, the alkynes afforded the [8.4.0] system, and this represents the first de novo synthesis of the complete eunicellane skeleton with a benzene partial structure.
Proposed Process and Design Considerations for Air Separation and CO2 Purification in a 100 MWe Oxy–Coal Power‐Generation System
Authors: Lee Hookyung , Choi Sangmin , Mun Heungman , Seo Sangil 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOxy–coal combustion is one of the most promising approaches for carbon capture and storage associated with large‐scale coal‐fired power stations. This paper presents the results of a study on air‐separation and CO2‐purification processes in terms of a conceptual design for an oxy–coal combustion system for 100 MWe (electrical) power generation. Feasible processes and design considerations for air separation and CO2 purification are proposed that take into account the operational stability of the overall plant before its demonstration. Air separation by using a double column, which has two main air compressors, to produce 95 % purity gaseous O2 is proposed. Two possible cases for cryogenic separation according to the phase of the captured CO2 are considered. In addition, we consider the installation and management of the air‐separation and CO2‐purification units to demonstrate the 100 MWe oxy–coal power plant and methods to reduce power consumption in the processes.
Damper placement optimization in a shear building model with discrete design variables: a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming approach
Authors: Kanno Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYSupplemental damping is known as an efficient and practical means to improve seismic response of building structures. Presented in this paper is a mixed‐integer programming approach to find the optimal placement of supplemental dampers in a given shear building model. The damping coefficients of dampers are treated as discrete design variables. It is shown that a minimization problem of the sum of the transfer function amplitudes of the interstory drifts can be formulated as a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming problem. The global optimal solution of the optimization problem is then found by using a solver based on a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. Two numerical examples in literature are solved with discrete design variables. In one of these examples, the proposed method finds a better solution than an existing method in literature developed for the continuous optimal damper placement problem. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The GBS dataset: measurements of satellite site diversity at 20.7 GHz in the UK
Authors: Callaghan S. A. , Waight J. , Agnew J. L. , Walden C. J. , Wrench C. L. , Ventouras S. 
Published: March 2013

The GBS (Global Broadcast Service) dataset is a series of radio attenuation measurements made at three sites in the UK: Chilbolton and Sparsholt, both in southern UK, and Dundee in Scotland. The aim of the experiment was to make long term measurements of the signal strength received from a 20.7 GHz beacon on the US Department of Defense satellite UFO‐9 at multiple sites, in order to determine whether the use of site diversity as a fade mitigation technique would be effective. The dataset spans a period of 3 years, from August 2003 to August 2006 with signal attenuation sampled once per second.
Analysis of normal fault populations in the Kumano forearc basin, Nankai Trough, Japan: 2. Principal axes of stress and strain from inversion of fault orientations
Authors: Sacks Alison , Saffer Demian M. , Fisher Donald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe use a high‐resolution 3‐D seismic survey to map a population of recent normal faults within the Kumano Basin of the Nankai subduction zone, in order to quantify patterns of strain and stress state over the last 0.44 Myr. We identify distinct fault populations that define three phases of extension. Phases 1 and 2 comprise NW‐SE striking faults located along the western basin edge and in the northwestern portion of the study area, respectively. The NE‐SW striking faults of phase 3 comprise the largest population, and extend ~20 km landward from the basin's seaward edge. Phase 2 faults typically terminate within a few reflectors of the seafloor, whereas most phase 3 faults form seafloor scarps. Inversion of the fault populations documents NE‐SW extension during phases 1 and 2 and NW‐SE extension during phase 3, consistent with both core‐scale structures and horizontal stress orientations observed at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) boreholes. Slip on phase 3 faults accommodates strain of up to ~1–2%, concentrated near the basin's seaward edge. Inversion for a best‐fit stress tensor yields a subvertical σ1 and subhorizontal σ2 and σ3 for all faulting phases. We find that during phase 3 in most portions of the basin, σ2 = σ3 (SHmax = Shmin), reflecting widely varying fault strikes. This contrasts with distinct SHmax and Shmin magnitudes inferred from IODP borehole data; these observations may be reconciled if the orientation of maximum horizontal stress fluctuates due to variation of subduction parallel compression through the seismic cycle.
Evaluating the significance of level IIb neck dissection for hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Sakai Akihiro , Okami Kenji , Sugimoto Ryousuke , Ebisumoto Koji , Yamamoto Hikaru , Maki Daisuke , Atsumi Taku , Saito Kosuke , Iida Masahiro 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThis study evaluated cervical lymph node metastases at level IIb in cases of hypopharyngeal cancer and analyzed the possibility of preservation of level IIb during neck dissection.MethodsIn total, 34 patients (51 neck sides) with hypopharyngeal cancer that underwent neck dissection from April 2008 to April 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. We evaluated the distribution of metastatic lymph nodes at various levels (particularly level IIb) in cases treated with therapeutic neck dissection and elective neck dissection.ResultsThe incidence of metastases in level IIb was 13.3% (4 of 30 patients) for therapeutic neck dissection and 0% (0 of 21 patients) for elective neck dissection. All the level IIb metastases were found on the ipsilateral side in the cases treated with therapeutic neck dissection.ConclusionsThe results suggest that preservation of level IIb during neck dissection was possible in N0 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1777–1780, 2013
IGF‐1 stimulated upregulation of cyclin D1 is mediated via STAT5 signaling pathway in neuronal cells
Authors: Kalita Anjana , Gupta Sakshi , Singh Preeti , Surolia Avadhesha , Banerjee Kakoli 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSignal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STATs) regulate various target genes such as cyclin D1, MYC, and BCL2 in nonneuronal cells which contribute towards progression as well as prevention of apoptosis and are involved in differentiation and cell survival. However, in neuronal cells, the role of STATs in the activation and regulation of these target genes and their signaling pathways are still not well established. In this study, a robust cyclin D1 expression was observed following IGF‐1 stimulation in SY5Y cells as well as neurospheres. JAK/STAT pathway was shown to be involved in this upregulation. A detailed promoter analysis revealed that the specific STAT involved was STAT5, which acted as a positive regulatory element for cyclin D1 expression. Overexpression studies confirmed increase in cyclin D1 expression in response to STAT5a and STAT5b constructs when compared to dominant‐negative STAT5. siRNA targeting STAT5, diminished the cyclin D1 expression, further confirming that STAT5 specifically regulated cyclin D1 in neuronal cells. Together, these findings shed new light on the mechanism of IGF‐1 mediated upregulation of cyclin D1 expression in neural cell lines as well as in neural stem cells via the JAK/STAT5 signaling cascade. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5):462–471, 2013.
Increased risk of cataract development in WNIN‐obese rats due to accumulation of intralenticular sorbitol
Authors: Reddy Paduru Yadagiri , Giridharan Nappan Veettil , Balakrishna Nagalla , Validandi Vakdevi , Pullakhandam Raghu , Reddy Geereddy Bhanuprakash 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEpidemiological studies have reported an association between obesity and increased incidence of ocular complications including cataract, yet the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Previously we had demonstrated accumulation of sorbitol in the lens of obese rats (WNIN/Ob) and more so in a related strain with impaired glucose tolerance (WNIN/GR‐Ob). However, only a few (15–20%) WNIN/Ob and WNIN/GR‐Ob rats develop cataracts spontaneously with age. To gain further insights, we investigated the susceptibility of eye lens proteins of these obese rat strains to heat‐ and UV‐induced aggregation in vitro, lens opacification upon glucose‐mediated sorbitol accumulation ex vivo, and onset and progression of cataract was followed by galactose feeding and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The results indicated increased susceptibility toward heat‐ or UV‐induced aggregation of lens proteins in obese animals compared to their littermate lean controls. Further, in organ culture studies glucose‐induced sorbitol accumulation was found to be higher and thus the lens opacification was faster in obese animals compared to their lean littermates. Also, the onset and progression of galactose‐ or STZ‐induced cataractogenesis was faster in obese animals compared to lean control. These results together with our previous observations suggest that obesity status could lead to hyperaccumulation of sorbitol in eye lens, predisposing them to cataract, primarily by increasing their susceptibility to environmental and/or physiological factors. Further, intralenticular sorbitol accumulation beyond a threshold level could lead to cataract in WNIN/Ob and WNIN/GR‐Ob rats. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5):472–478, 2013
Morphodynamic signatures of braiding mechanisms as expressed through change in sediment storage in a gravel‐bed river
Authors: Wheaton Joseph M. , Brasington James , Darby Stephen E. , Kasprak Alan , Sear David , Vericat Damiá 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrevious flume‐based research on braided channels has revealed four classic mechanisms that produce braiding: central bar development, chute cutoff, lobe dissection, and transverse bar conversion. The importance of these braiding mechanisms relative to other morphodynamic mechanisms in shaping braided rivers has not yet been investigated in the field. Here we exploit repeat topographic surveys of the braided River Feshie (UK) to explore the morphodynamic signatures of different mechanisms of change in sediment storage. Our results indicate that, when combined, the four classic braiding mechanisms do indeed account for the majority of volumetric change in storage in the study reach (61% total). Chute cutoff, traditionally thought of as an erosional braiding mechanism, appears to be the most common braiding mechanism in the study river, but was more the result of deposition during the construction of diagonal bars than it was the erosion of the chute. Three of the four classic mechanisms appeared to be largely net aggradational in nature, whereas secondary mechanisms (including bank erosion, channel incision, and bar sculpting) were primarily net erosional. Although the role of readily erodible banks in facilitating braiding is often conceptualized, we show that bank erosion is as or more important a mechanism in changes in sediment storage than most of the braiding mechanisms, and is the most important “secondary” mechanism (17% of total change). The results of this study provide one of the first field tests of the relative importance of braiding mechanisms observed in flume settings.
Detection of influenza A virus homo‐ and heterosubtype‐specific memory B‐cells using a novel protein microarray‐based analysis tool
Authors: Baas Dominique C. , Koopmans Marion P. , de Bruin Erwin , Hulscher Hinke I ten , Buisman Anne M. , Hendrikx Lotte H. , van Beek Janko , Godeke Gert‐Jan , Reimerink Johan , van Binnendijk Robert S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe emergence of the A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic influenza virus was initially seen as a major world‐wide health concern since a low degree of immunity to this virus strain was anticipated. However, age‐specific infection attack rates and age‐specific differences in seroresponse indicate that pre‐existing immunity may have played a significant role in protection especially in older age groups. This study describes the use of a protein microarray as a multiplex analysis tool for detection of influenza virus H1 strain‐specific memory B‐cells before and after infection with A(H1N1)pdm09. The discrimination was based on detection of specific antibodies in culture supernatants from polyclonally stimulated B‐cells against recombinant influenza virus HA1 proteins representing influenza virus subtypes H1 through H9. The protein microarray proved sensitive and specific for antibody detection in culture supernatants of B‐cells, and with the potential to deduce a person's history of infection with particular influenza virus variants, including A(H1N1)pdm09. Blood samples obtained from different age groups prior to the pandemic in 2009 partly showed the presence of B‐cells producing antibodies binding to the closely related A(H1N1) 1918 pandemic influenza virus, and of which the magnitude increased with age. These cross‐reactive antibodies were produced by single memory B‐cells present in these donors, and either bind to epitopes on HA1 which are shared within different H1 strains (homosubtypic response) or shared between different subtypes (heterosubtypic response). J. Med. Virol. 85:899–909, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circulating microRNA‐22 correlates with microRNA‐122 and represents viral replication and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Arataki Keiko , Hayes C. Nelson , Akamatsu Sakura , Akiyama Rie , Abe Hiromi , Tsuge Masataka , Miki Daiki , Ochi Hidenori , Hiraga Nobuhiko , Imamura Michio , Takahashi Shoichi , Aikata Hiroshi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Kawakami Hiroiku , Ohishi Waka , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with increased expression of microRNA‐122. Serum microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 levels were analyzed in 198 patients with chronic HBV who underwent liver biopsy and were compared with quantitative measurements of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA, and other clinical and histological findings. Levels of serum microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 were determined by reverse transcription‐TaqMan PCR. Serum levels of microRNA‐122 and microRNA‐22 were correlated (R2 = 0.576; P < 0.001), and both were elevated in chronic HBV patients. Significant linear correlations were found between microRNA‐122 or microRNA‐22 and HBsAg levels (R2 = 0.824, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.394, P < 0.001, respectively) and ALT levels (R2 = 0.498, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.528, P < 0.001, respectively). MicroRNA‐122 levels were also correlated with HBV DNA titers (R2 = 0.694, P < 0.001 and R2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Levels of these microRNAs were significantly higher in HBeAg‐positive patients compared to HBeAg‐negative patients (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). MicroRNA‐122 levels were also lower in patients with advanced liver fibrosis (P < 0.001) and lower inflammatory activity (P < 0.025). These results suggest that serum micro‐RNA levels are significantly associated with multiple aspects of HBV infection. The biological meaning of the correlation between microRNA‐122 and HBsAg and should be investigated further. J. Med. Virol. 85:789–798, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved metabolic profile after switch to darunavir/ritonavir in HIV positive patients previously on protease inhibitor therapy
Authors: Ucciferri Claudio , Falasca Katia , Vignale Francesca , Di Nicola Marta , Pizzigallo Eligio , Vecchiet Jacopo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMetabolic abnormalities associated with cumulative exposure to antiretroviral therapy have been linked to an increased risk of myocardial infarction in HIV positive individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the switch from lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or fosamprenavir/ritonavir (FPV/r) to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) is able to improve the lipid profile. A total of 13 Caucasian subjects (7 from LPV/r and 6 from FPV/r) were enrolled in the study and received DRV/r at the dose of 800/100 mg, without change in their NRTI backbone. Viro‐immunological parameters, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TCh), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, HOMA‐IR, indexes of hepatic and renal functionality, microalbuminuria and cystatin C were measured at baseline (T0), 3 months (T3), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12). The switch to DRV/r reduced levels of TCh, LDL, and TGs at T3. Similar improvements were confirmed further at T6 and at T12. A 14% increase in CD4+ count cells (P < 0.05) was observed. Serum cystatin C values showed a statistically significant decrease. After 12 months of switching to DRV/r from LPV/r or FPV/r, patients infected with HIV with TGs above 200 mg/dl, showed a 49% decrease in TGs, along with a 16% reduction of LDL and 19% reduction of TCh. Switching to DRV/r also improved immunological parameters, such as CD4+ cells count and cystatin C plasmatic levels, which may translate into a reduction of the cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, a switch to DRV/r should be considered in those HIV positive patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy, who also present abnormal lipid profiles. J. Med. Virol. 85:755–759, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervical uterine lesions: An epidemiological and molecular investigation in midwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Vanessa Regina , Schüffner Raíssa de Oliveira Aquino , Soares Isabela Iside Gagliardo , Tibúrcio Jacqueline Domingues , Ribeiro Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja , Lopes Débora de Oliveira , dos Santos Luciana Lara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCervical uterine cancer is the second most frequent form of cancer in the female population and the fourth cause of cancer deaths among Brazilian women. In Divinópolis county, Minas Gerais state, cervical cancer accounted for 6.6% of deaths in 2007. The purpose of this study was to conduct an epidemiological and molecular investigation of samples of pre‐neoplastic and neoplastic cervical uterine lesions from patients assisted at public healthcare services in the county. The study was based on clinical–epidemiological descriptions retrieved from cytological examination request forms from 2006 to 2010. For molecular analysis, samples from 95 patients were collected and DNA was extracted using the Chelex 100 method. PCR was performed for detection and typing of HPV 6/11, 16, 18, 31, and 33. Of the 52 168 patients who underwent cytological examination, 625 had pre‐neoplastic or neoplastic lesions during the study period. Age distribution was consistent with the literature, with a predominance of patients aged 20–49 years. The microorganism found most frequently was Lactobacillus sp. (65%). Prominent among cellular alterations were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I (39.7%) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (32%). Molecular analysis revealed 72.6% of positive samples for HPV. HPV 16 (26.3%) was the most frequent type, followed by types 6/11 (7.4%), 18 (5.3%), 33 (2.1%), and 31 (1%). The results provided improved understanding of the association between HPV and cancer in Divinópolis, in addition to providing data that can contribute to the design of measures to prevent and control HPV infection in the county investigated. J. Med. Virol. 85:860–865, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.