bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associated effects of index composition changes: an evidence from the S&P CNX Nifty 50 index
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Rajib Prabina 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test the long-term effects of price and volume with the help of Downward Sloping Demand Curve (DSDC) hypothesis, and also the short-term price and volume effects with the help of Price Pressure Hypothesis (PPH) for the index revisions on the S&P CNX Nifty 50 index.

Design/methodology/approach
– In order to report the long-term and short-term effects, the current study reviews two testable hypotheses, namely, DSDC hypothesis and PPH. The study has used the event study approach by including GARCH (1, 1) conditional variance in the market model.

Findings
– The results report that, the added stocks experienced a significant increase in price and volume on the effective date; whereas the deleted stocks experienced significant volume levels and insignificant price levels on the effective date. Accordingly, the study finds support in favor of PPH.

Research limitations/implications
– The study could not find evidence to support the most studied DSDC hypothesis.

Practical implications
– Index reorganization presumably affects the fund managers, domestic as well as international investors. As a result, studying the effect of index changes is a subject of attention to academicians and investors alike.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to the body of knowledge on index inclusion and exclusion effects by providing Indian evidence on long-term and short-term price and volume effects, and also documenting contrary results to the previous Indian and global research works.
Measuring evaporation distribution of mud brick and rammed earth
Authors: Fodde Enrico , Watanabe Kunio , Fujii Yukiyasu 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– Salt weathering is one of the most common agents of decay of Central Asian earthen sites and is in function of water evaporation from the wall surface. Soon after excavation the earthen walls and the stupa of the Buddhist temple of Ajina Tepa (seventh-eighth century AD) started to deteriorate due lack of protection and surface erosion. The most important issue in the planning of conservation work was to understand such mechanisms and to decrease the effect of salt weathering on structural damage. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Evaporation distribution and salts types were studied on selected walls. In addition, three-dimensional recording of the walls and the stupa was undertaken with digital photogrammetric methods.Findings– It was clearly found that the intensity of salt weathering in the site is high and some salts such as halite (sodium chloride) are thought to originate from groundwater. On the basis of the results obtained, thick shelter coating with mud brick and mud render was designed and constructed as protective measure for the earthen walls.Practical implications– Those walls that were most affected by salts weathering and erosion at the base (coving) became structurally less sound and eventually collapsed if not conserved.Originality/value– The work is the first attempt in the design of a methodology for the selection of earthen repair materials and methods.
Complex system modeling on establishment of construction standard system
Authors: Sun Zhi , Zhang Shoujian 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The complexity of the construction standards affects the relevance between the system internal elements. Therefore, research on the systematic effect can make the construction activities get the optimum benefit. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research reveals the complex adaptive characteristic of the standard system by using system science theory, analyzes the emergent property mechanism of construction standard system, and provides the mathematical form of the system.

Findings
– Finally, according to the complex characteristic of standard system, the structure modeling method of complex system is given. This paper provides a new method and theory bases for the construction standard system establishment.

Originality/value
– Dynamic, open and non-linear can be considered as the core characteristics of construction standard system in structure, environment and behavior aspects, and that means the standard system is a typical complex system.
Effects of herbivory on leaf life span in woody plants: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Premature abscission of leaves damaged by herbivores can increase the degree of defoliation beyond that imposed directly by insect feeding. Our aim was to explore the general patterns and sources of variation in the effects of insect herbivory on leaf life span in woody plants.

Meta‐analysis of published data demonstrated that herbivory significantly reduced the life span of damaged leaves; insect feeding had a greater effect than the same level of herbivory simulated by mechanical wounding. The effects of both natural and simulated herbivory became stronger with increase in the proportion of damaged leaf area. Damage to young leaves and to plant species with higher specific leaf area resulted in a greater reduction in leaf life span than damage to mature leaves and to species with lower specific leaf area.

Herbivores differed in the magnitude of their effects on leaf life span, but this variation was not explained by herbivore feeding guilds or specialization.

Natural herbivory similarly reduced leaf life span in deciduous and evergreen trees, thereby questioning the hypothesis that premature abscission as a defence response is primarily a characteristic of evergreen trees. However, simulated herbivory imposed stronger effects on evergreens, suggesting that they are more sensitive to non‐specific wound‐induced elicitors than deciduous trees.

Synthesis. We demonstrated that, in spite of pronounced variation between study systems, herbivory in general reduces the life span of the damaged leaves of woody plants. Our results suggest that variability in plant responses to herbivory may be linked with the leaf economic spectrum. Premature abscission of damaged leaves can be seen as a tolerance strategy that reduces the negative consequences of local damage on the whole plant. This phenomenon should be accounted for in estimation of losses of net primary production caused by herbivory.
‘Who am I?’
Authors: Schellinski Kristina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe dreams and existential questions of those, who came into being in order to replace a dead person, pivot around a central cry: ‘Who am I?’ If conceived, born or designated as a replacement child, such an individual may suffer—even as an adult—from a rarely recognized unconscious confusion of identity, compounded by grief and survivors’ guilt. From before the child is born, the archetypal forces of death and life are joined in a fateful constellation; the soul of the replacement child bears the shadow of death from the very beginning of life. Hope for the replacement child lies in an emergence of true self as soul recreates original life. Analysis can help the replacement child experience a ‘rebirth into true life’, not as ‘the one who returned’, but as a psychologically newborn individual; the path of individuation countering the replacement child‘s identification with the dead. Jungian analysis offers unique concepts for understanding and healing the replacement child; C.G. Jung himself was born after two stillborn babies and an infant that lived only five days.
Jung's understanding of schizophrenia: is it still relevant in the ‘era of the brain’?
Authors: Abramovitch Yehuda 
Published: March 2014

AbstractJung was highly committed to grasping the meaning of psychotic thinking, and left behind precious insights to treatment scattered through his works written between 1906 and 1958. The tendency of today's psychiatry is to attribute the psychotic process to alteration in the brain's anatomy, biochemistry and electrophysiology, thus exempting the subject, i.e. the afflicted person, from responsibility for attachment to reality and their sanity. Jung understood schizophrenia as an ‘abaissement du niveau mental’, a similar phenomenon to the one encountered in dreams, and caused by a peculiar ‘faiblesse de la volonté’. He contested that complexes in schizophrenia, in contrast with neurotic disorders, are disconnected and can either never reintegrate to the psychic totality or can only join together in remission ‘like a mirror broke into splinters’ (Jung , para. 507). Accordingly, a person who does not fight for the supremacy of ego consciousness and has let themself be swayed by the intrusion of alien contents arising from the unconscious (even to the point of becoming fascinated by regression) is exposed to the danger of schizophrenia. The contemporary relevance of these notions and their necessity in understanding the psychotic process in the light of modern scientific findings are discussed.
Perinatal vertical transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria: a systematic review and proposed research strategy
Authors: Seale J , Millar M 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAntibiotic‐resistant bacteria contribute to both early‐ and late‐onset sepsis and outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The extent to which vertical transmission of these resistant bacteria contributes to colonisation or infection of vulnerable infants in NICUs is unclear. Risk factors for vertical transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are not well described.ObjectivesTo identify studies describing vertical transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, risk factors for transmission and the impact of colonisation on neonatal outcomes.Search strategyEMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched using selected terminology. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers. Selected papers were reviewed in full by two individuals to ascertain whether they fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Selection criteriaAny original article investigating perinatal vertical transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria between a mother and neonate was included.Data collection and analysisData were extracted on study design, organism, antibiotic resistance, and means of ascertaining vertical transmission.Main resultsFive papers out of 4839 titles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four studies were predominantly observational and one was a case report. Each demonstrated perinatal transmission. No study reported risk factors for the transmission of resistant bacteria or the impact of colonisation on neonatal outcomes.Author's conclusionsThere is an absence of research into the perinatal transmission of resistant organisms despite the potential implications of such a situation. We outline objectives that need to be addressed in future research and describe a study design to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for vertical transmission.
Efficacy of Coronary Artery Screening Tests and Intervention in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Daimon Shoichiro , Mizushima Ichiro , Hamano Ryoko , Terai Hidenobu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlthough cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in patients on hemodialysis, evidence of a beneficial effect of percutaneous intervention (PCI) on stable heart disease is scarce. We investigated the cardiovascular outcomes of hemodialysis patients under our policy of encouraging coronary artery screening tests to the extent possible. A total of 147 hemodialysis patients have been treated in our clinic so far. In 98 of them, coronary artery screening tests were performed, three in unstable and 95 in asymptomatic patients. Significant coronary artery stenosis was detected in 29 at the first tests and in 11 during subsequent tests (40/98, 40.8%), and PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed. Multiple PCIs were needed in 21 patients. In the other 49 patients, coronary artery screening tests were not undertaken based on the nephrologist's decision or patient refusal. At the end of the study, 73 (74.5%) patients with tests, and 14 (28.6%) without tests were still outpatients (P < 0.01). Of 40 patients transferred to other hospitals for medical reasons or who died before transfer, there was cerebrovascular accident in eight, malignancy in six, congestive heart failure without CVD in four, infection in three, sudden cardiac death in one, and others 18. No patient with tests died of CVD and the only patient who died of sudden cardiac death probably due to myocardial infarction was a patient who had declined the screening tests. Coronary artery screening tests, intervention and subsequent periodic tests for asymptomatic hemodialysis patients can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events in this population.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate Combined With Calcitonin on Hypercalcemia in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wei Yong , Kong Xiang Lei , Li Wen Bin , Wang Zun Song 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis short‐term study assessed the efficacy and safety of calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin in the treatment of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients. Patients (n = 64) on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease for more than 6 months were included based on total serum calcium more than 10.5 mg/dL. All patients were randomized (1 : 1) to receive calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin (Group I) or lanthanum carbonate (Group II) for 12 weeks. Blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured every month, bone mass density (BMD) and coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) were measured at 3 months. During the study period, serum calcium decreased from 10.72 ± 0.39 to 10.09 ± 0.28 mg/dL (P < 0.05), serum phosphorus decreased from 6.79 ± 1.05 to 5.46 ± 1.18 mg/dL (P < 0.05), and serum iPTH levels in the Group I and Group II were not significantly different from the baseline. There were no significant differences in CACS in either group. There were no significant differences in the BMD values between Group I and baseline. In Group II, the BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were significantly lower than those before the trial and significantly lower than the corresponding values of Group I (P < 0.05). Calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin and lanthanum carbonate were equally effective in the suppression of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients. There were no serious treatment‐related adverse events in treatment with calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin.
Comparing female‐based contraceptive methods in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and a healthy population
Authors: Dalkilic Ediz , Tufan Ayse Nur , Oksuz Mustafa Ferhat , Sahbazlar Mustafa , Coskun Belkis Nihan , Seniz Nihan , Pehlivan Yavuz , Inanc Murat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is 10 times more prevalent in women, particularly those of reproductive age. The varying effects of pregnancy on SLE and the differences between available SLE treatments make pregnancy timing and contraceptive methods significant. We aimed to determine the contraceptive methods used by SLE patients in the north‐west part of Turkey, and compared them with those used by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls.MethodThe study was comprised of 113 SLE patients, and 84 RA patients at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic of Uludag University Medical Faculty.ResultsTwenty‐three (20.3%) out of 113 SLE patients, 18 (21.4%) out of 84 RA patients and 17 (18.6%) out of 92 healthy controls did not use any contraceptive methods. Use of the withdrawal and condom methods was more common among SLE patients, accounting for 61% (withdrawal 32.7%, condom 28.3%). Moreover, 52% of SLE and 50% of RA patients were neither given information about contraceptive methods nor offered a suggested method, compared to 34% in the health control group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of oral contraceptive use is low in Turkey; notwithstanding the withdrawal and condom methods, which are frequently used despite their high failure risk. Although pregnancy timing is of great importance for SLE patients, necessary information and recommendations concerning contraceptive methods have been ignored and the use of effective methods is not a priority.
Construction and Validation of a Data Collection Tool for the Clinical Assessment of Human Responses of Outpatients With Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Carneiro Camila de Souza , Lopes Juliana de Lima , Herdman T. Heather , Lopes Camila Takáo , Bachion Maria Márcia , Bottura Leite de Barros Alba Lucia 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo develop and test the content validity of a nursing assessment tool for data collection (NATDC) based on NANDA‐I for use in outpatients with chronic cardiovascular diseases.MethodsConstruction based on the literature, refinement with a pilot group of hypertensive outpatients and content validation by experts.FindingsThe NATDC questions were divided into demographic information of the patient and family, clinical data, physical examination, and interview according to NANDA‐I domains.ConclusionThe NATDC was constructed and validated.Implications for Nursing PracticeThis tool can be used in patients with chronic illnesses who experience a variety of human responses seeking nursing care in an outpatient setting because it is based in human responses within a structured framework for nursing assessment.
Genomic architecture of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation during late ovine skeletal muscle development
Authors: Byrne K. , McWilliam S. , Vuocolo T. , Gondro C. , Cockett N. E. , Tellam R. L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe ruminant developmental transition from late foetus to lamb is associated with marked changes in skeletal muscle structure and function that reflect programming for new physiological demands following birth. To determine whether epigenetic changes are involved in this transition, we investigated the genomic architecture of the chromatin modification, histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), which typically regulates early life developmental processes; however, its role in later life processes is unclear. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next‐generation sequencing was used to map H3K27me3 nucleosomes in ovine longissimus lumborum skeletal muscle at 100 days of gestation and 12 weeks post‐partum. In both states, H3K27me3 modification was associated with genes, transcription start sites and CpG islands and with transcriptional silencing. The H3K27me3 peaks consisted of two major categories, promoter specific and regional, with the latter the dominant feature. Genes encoding homeobox transcription factors regulating early life development and genes involved in neural functions, particularly gated ion channels, were strongly modified by H3K27me3. Gene promoters differentially modified by H3K27me3 in the foetus and lamb were enriched for gated ion channels, which may reflect changes in neuromuscular function. However, most modified genes showed no changes, indicating that H3K27me3 does not have a large role in late muscle maturation. Notably, promyogenic transcription factors were strongly modified with H3K27me3 but showed no differences between the late gestation foetus and lamb, likely reflecting their lack of involvement in the myofibre fusion process occurring in this transition. H3K27me3 is a major architectural feature of the epigenetic landscape of ruminant skeletal muscle, and it comments on gene transcription and gene function in the context of late skeletal muscle development.
Classification, diagnosis, and approach to treatment for angioedema: consensus report from the Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group
Authors: Cicardi M. , Aberer W. , Banerji A. , Bas M. , Bernstein J. A. , Bork K. , Caballero T. , Farkas H. , Grumach A. , Kaplan A. P. , Riedl M. A. , Triggiani M. , Zanichelli A. , Zuraw B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAngioedema is defined as localized and self‐limiting edema of the subcutaneous and submucosal tissue, due to a temporary increase in vascular permeability caused by the release of vasoactive mediator(s). When angioedema recurs without significant wheals, the patient should be diagnosed to have angioedema as a distinct disease. In the absence of accepted classification, different types of angioedema are not uniquely identified. For this reason, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology gave its patronage to a consensus conference aimed at classifying angioedema. Four types of acquired and three types of hereditary angioedema were identified as separate forms from the analysis of the literature and were presented in detail at the meeting. Here, we summarize the analysis of the data and the resulting classification of angioedema.
Dropouts in sublingual allergen immunotherapy trials – a systematic review
Authors: Makatsori M. , Scadding G. W. , Lombardo C. , Bisoffi G. , Ridolo E. , Durham S. R. , Senna G. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractParticipant dropouts can reduce the power of allergen immunotherapy clinical trials. Evaluation of the dropout rate and reasons for dropout are important not only in the planning of clinical studies but are also relevant for adherence to immunotherapy in daily clinical practice. A systematic review was carried out in order to establish the overall dropout rate among published double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trials of sublingual immunotherapy for respiratory allergic diseases. Dropouts were analysed in regards to allergen, formulation, treatment schedule, participant age, study size, number of centres and type of allergic disease. Relative dropout rates in placebo and active groups as well as reasons for dropout were also assessed. A total of 81 studies, comprising 9998 patients, were included. Dropout rates in sublingual immunotherapy controlled studies do not appear to be a major problem with a composite dropout percentage of 14% (95% CI:11.9–16). Furthermore, they are not different for active compared to placebo‐treated participants. This lends support to the positive clinical outcomes seen in meta‐analyses of these trials.
Transthoracic echocardiography in women with treated severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Dennis A. T. , Castro J. M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate cardiac function and haemodynamic indices using transthoracic echocardiography in women with severe pre‐eclampsia who had already received treatment interventions. Fifteen women with treated severe pre‐eclampsia were studied using transthoracic echocardiography. Mean (SD) cardiac output in women with treated disease was 5690 (1708) ml.min−1. Systolic function was preserved in women with treated disease evidenced by mean (SD) fractional shortening 41 (9)%, fractional area change 62 (12)% and septal s′ velocities 9.0 (2.1) cm.s−1. Left ventricle end‐diastolic diameters were within healthy reference ranges at 4.7 (0.3) cm and the left ventricle was not dilated. Diastolic function was reduced, with a mean (SD) mitral valve E/septal e′ ratio of 12.6 (4.1). Left ventricular mass was increased at 182.0 (44.4) g. There was large variability in haemodynamics in women with treated severe pre‐eclampsia. Transthoracic echocardiography is acceptable and applicable and enables quantification of cardiac function in women with severe pre‐eclampsia.