bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expedited Proton Relay in Enzyme‐Inspired Cobaloximes Facilitate Organic Transformations
Authors: Panja Subir , Nandi Chandan , Guria Somnath , Pan Avishek , Das Chandan , Das Srewashi , Ghorai Santanu , Dutta Arnab , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeveloping a water‐soluble, oxygen‐tolerant, and acid‐stable synthetic H2 production catalyst is vital for renewable energy infrastructure. To access such an effective catalyst, we strategically incorporated enzyme‐inspired, multicomponent outer coordination sphere elements around the cobaloxime (Cl−Co−X) core with suitable axial coordination (X). Our cobaloximes with axial imidazole or L‐histidine coordination in photocatalytic HAT including the construction of anilines via a non‐canonical cross‐coupling approach is found superior compared to commonly used cobaloxime catalysts. The reversible Co(II)/Co(I) process is influenced by the axial N ligand's nature. Imidazole/L‐histidine with a higher pKa promptly produces H2 upon irradiation, leading to the improved reactivity compared to previously employed axial (di)chloride or pyridine analogue.
Impact of Weak Organic Acids as Coagulants on Tailoring the Properties of Cellulose Aerogel Beads
Authors: Costa Diogo , Milow Barbara , Ganesan Kathirvel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTailoring the properties of cellulose aerogel beads was investigated in the present study by using weak organic acids as coagulants. Three different weak acids were specifically chosen, acetic acid, lactic acid and citric acid. For comparative studies, a strong acid, hydrochloric acid was examined. The production of aerogel beads by conventional dropping technique was controlled and optimized for weak acids. Aerogels were characterized by density analyses, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, X‐ray powder diffractometry and IR spectroscopy. In common, all the aerogel beads showed interconnected nanofibrillar network, high specific surface area, high pore volume, high porosity and meso‐ and macroporous structure. In particular, when the weakest acid (acetic acid) was used as coagulant in the regeneration bath, the lowest shrinkage was observed. As a result, the cellulose aerogel beads produced from acetic acid showed the highest values of specific surface area (423 m2 g−1) and pore volume (3.6 cm3 g−1). The porous structure can be tuned by the choice of regeneration bath, which has either strong acid or a high concentration of weak acid. The aerogel beads were pure and showed cellulose II crystallinity. Hence this study paves an alternative path way to tailor the properties of cellulose aerogel beads.
Wittig Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Expanding the DES Toolbox in Synthesis
Authors: De Nardi Federica , Gorreta Giulia , Meazzo Carolina , Parisotto Stefano , Blangetti Marco , Prandi Cristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWittig reaction between substituted phosphonium salts and (hetero)aromatic and alkyl carbonyl compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents has been developed under a scalable and friendly protocol. Highly efficient reactions were successfully run with a wide range of bases including organic (DBU, LiTMP, t‐BuOK) and inorganic (NaOH, K2CO3) ones in ChCl/Gly 1 : 2 (mol/mol) as solvent under mild conditions, at room temperature and under air. The proposed protocol was applied to a wide range of substrates, including (hetero)aromatic aldehydes with substituents as halogens (I, Br, Cl), EDG (alkoxy, methyl), EWG (NO2, CF3) or reactive groups as CN, esters, and ketones. Vinylic, alkynyl and cycloalkyl, alicyclic and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes can also be used. Highly electrophilic ketones gave good yields. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is in complete agreement with the E/Z ratio predictable under traditional conditions. We demonstrated that the protocol is scalable to 2 g (5 mmol) of phosphonium salt, furthermore the proposed workup protocol allows to remove TPPO without need of additional chromatographic purification.
Anthocyanin physiology and biochemistry in fleshy fruit species: Mangosteen as a model
Authors: Ketsa Saichol , Warrington Ian J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a popular, common tropical fruit grown in Southeast Asian countries. The pericarp contains a high anthocyanin content and various other bioactive compounds that are associated with medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. In marked contrast, the white edible aril contains no anthocyanins. The anthocyanins are the major pigments in the pericarp and produce red‐to‐purple coloration, which serves as a maturity index when fruit are ripe. The major anthocyanins consist mainly of cyanidin‐sophoroside and cyanidin‐glucoside. The synthesis of anthocyanin in mangosteen involves the coordinated expression of many genes with at least eight genes encoding enzymes and three transcription factors having been identified. Ripening‐induced anthocyanin accumulation is regulated by endogenous ethylene that controls the expression of key genes. Comparisons are made between anthocyanin synthesis in mangosteen and other fruit species under various conditions including light and temperature and the influence of plant growth regulators.
Comparison of soxhlet and microwave‐assisted extractions efficiency for the determination of herbicides in soil and maize crop: Cumulative and health risks assessment
Authors: Zondo Sandisiwe , Mahlambi Precious 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) was compared for the determination of herbicides (atrazine, 2.4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, mesotrione, and glyphosate) in soil and maize crop followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The recoveries of herbicides in maize and soil were 62%–80% and 70%–81%, respectively, for SE, whereas they were 80%–98% and 85%–101%, respectively, for MAE. The analysis repeatability, represented as relative standard deviations were <20% for all herbicides in both methods. All the herbicides calibration curves showed a good correlation coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.996, indicating good linearity. The SE limits of detection and quantification ranged between 0.22 and 0.32 µg L−1, and between 2.2 and 3.2 µg L−1, respectively, whereas they were between 0.1 and 0.29 µg L−1, and between 1.0 and 2.9 µg L−1, respectively for MAE. These findings showed that MAE method is more accurate and sensitive than SE, thus can be accurately applied for the determination of the assessed herbicides in soil and maize cop. Herbicides concentrations obtained ranged from 2.7 to 20.4 µg L−1 in maize and from 1.2 to 30.5 µg L−1 in soil samples. The concentrations obtained in maize were higher than the maximum residue limits suggesting that health effect may occur upon continuous consumption. The herbicides toxicity index further confirmed the possible high toxicity effect of the studied maize crop as it exceeded the threshold value of 1. However, the health risk index was lower than 100% limit and did not exceed the acceptable daily intake of the maize crop in both adult and children indicating no health effect.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on management and outcomes of patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Shirahige Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Taiga , Shigeno Ayami , Funatomi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Jin , Funakoshi Hiraku 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsGuidelines recommend non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with an inadequate response to initial oxygen therapy. During Japan's coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, NPPV use in emergency departments (EDs) was limited due to aerosol‐spreading concerns. This study compared the respiratory management and clinical outcomes of patients with ADHF in EDs before and during the pandemic.Methods and resultsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single centre in Japan using hospital data from September to November 2019 (before the pandemic) and September to November 2020 (during the pandemic). Patients diagnosed with ADHF were included. Patients not responding to standard oxygen therapy were intubated or started on NPPV therapy. The primary outcome measure was discharge after death. The secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay and medical expenses. The study included 37 patients before the pandemic and 36 during the pandemic. No significant differences were found in vital signs or laboratory data between the groups. NPPV utilization decreased significantly from 26 (70.3%) to 7 (19.4%) (P < 0.01). Two patients required intubation during both periods, with no significant differences (P = 0.98). No significant intergroup disparities were observed in discharge after death (1/36 [2.7%] vs. 1/37 [2.7%]; P = 0.19), length of hospital stay (17.5 vs. 19.0 days; P = 0.65), and medical expenses (57 590 vs. 57 600 yen; P = 0.65).ConclusionsDespite a large decrease in NPPV use before and during the pandemic, there were no significant differences in discharge after death, hospital stay, or medical expenses.
Broadening the scope of multigene panel analysis for adult epilepsy patients
Authors: Lee Seungbok , Kang Mi‐Kyoung , So Ki Hurn , Jang Riyul , Shin Yong Woo , Jang Se Song , Yoon Jihoon G. , Kim Sheehyun , Kim Manjin , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun , Kim Ki Joong , Baek Seung Tae , Lim Byung Chan , Moon Jangsup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a suitable target for gene panel sequencing because a considerable portion of epilepsy is now explained by genetic components, especially in syndromic cases. However, previous gene panel studies on epilepsy have mostly focused on pediatric patients.MethodsWe enrolled adult epilepsy patients meeting any of the following criteria: family history of epilepsy, seizure onset age ≤ 19 years, neuronal migration disorder, and seizure freedom not achieved by dual anti‐seizure medications. We sequenced the exonic regions of 211 epilepsy genes in these patients. To confirm the pathogenicity of a novel MTOR truncating variant, we electroporated vectors with different MTOR variants into developing mouse brains.ResultsA total of 92 probands and 4 affected relatives were tested, and the proportion of intellectual disability (ID) and/or developmental disability (DD) was 21.7%. As a result, twelve probands (13.0%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the following genes or regions: DEPDC5, 15q12‐q13 duplication (n = 2), SLC6A1, SYNGAP1, EEF1A2, LGI1, MTOR, KCNQ2, MEF2C, and TSC1 (n = 1). We confirmed the functional impact of a novel truncating mutation in the MTOR gene (c.7570C > T, p.Gln2524Ter) that disrupted neuronal migration in a mouse model. The diagnostic yield was higher in patients with ID/DD or childhood‐onset seizures. We also identified additional candidate variants in 20 patients that could be reassessed by further studies.SignificanceOur findings underscore the clinical utility of gene panel sequencing in adult epilepsy patients suspected of having genetic etiology, especially those with ID/DD or early‐onset seizures. Gene panel sequencing could not only lead to genetic diagnosis in a substantial portion of adult epilepsy patients but also inform more precise therapeutic decisions based on their genetic background.Plain Language SummaryThis study demonstrated the effectiveness of gene panel sequencing in adults with epilepsy, revealing pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 13.0% of patients. Higher diagnostic yields were observed in those with neurodevelopmental disorders or childhood‐onset seizures. Additionally, we have shown that expanding genetic studies into adult patients would uncover new types of pathogenic variants for epilepsy, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine for individuals with epilepsy. In conclusion, our results highlight the practical value of employing gene panel sequencing in adult epilepsy patients, particularly when genetic etiology is clinically suspected.
Critical liquefied soil thickness for response patterns of piles in inclined liquefied ground overlain by nonliquefied crust
Authors: Chiou Jiunn‐Shyang , Hsu Yuan‐Man , Ho Cheng‐En 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLateral spreading has historically caused extensive pile failure in liquefaction‐prone areas during strong earthquakes. A critical design scenario involves piles embedded in lateral spreading ground composed of a nonliquefied soil crust overlying a liquefied layer; it is critical because both layers can exert loads on the piles. Different thicknesses of the liquefied soil and the upper nonliquefied crust may engender different pile response patterns. Accordingly, to investigate factors influencing the lateral responses of a single pile embedded in liquefied ground with a nonliquefied crust, we conduct parametric analyses. The effects of liquefied and nonliquefied soil thicknesses are analyzed first, followed by those of pile‐head rotational restraint, pile diameter, and lateral spreading displacement. We observe two main pile response patterns for various liquefied soil thicknesses. The ground can be categorized into thin or thick liquefied ground depending on whether its liquefied soil thickness is less or greater than a critical value, namely, critical liquefied soil thickness; this critical thickness is dependent on the pile‐head rotational restraint, pile diameter, and lateral spreading displacement. The difference in the patterns stems from the varying roles of the upper nonliquefied soil layer during lateral spreading. For the thin liquefied ground, the nonliquefied layer contributes to adding lateral spreading force; therefore, the displacement, moment, and shear force responses of the pile increase with the nonliquefied soil thickness. However, for the thick liquefied ground, the nonliquefied layer provides resistance to lateral spreading; therefore, the maximum displacement, moment, and shear force of the pile initially decreases and then gradually increases with the nonliquefied soil thickness.
Side-Scan Sonar as a Tool For Measuring Fish Populations: Current State of the Science and Future Directions
Authors: Ridgway Josey L. , Madsen John A. , Fischer Jesse R. , Calfee Robin D. , Acre Matthew R. , Kazyak David C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Side-scan sonar (SSS) is a powerful tool that can be used to address many key questions in fisheries science. In principle, SSS uses dual transducers to transmit a narrow-beam, wide-angle acoustic signal as the survey vessel transits an area. The intensity of reflected sound is recorded to generate an image mosaic comprised of benthic substrates and targets in the water column, including organisms such as fish. Although SSS has been around for decades, recent advancements have opened new opportunities to leverage this technology to directly measure fish populations. In this paper, we review the current state of the science and identify opportunities to further refine SSS for fisheries applications.
Petrographic insight into the sourcing and production of pre‐colonial Ceramics from Aruba
Authors: Casale Simone , Groot Niels , Dijkhoff Raymundo A. C. F. , Kelly Harold J. , Jacobs Loe , Degryse Patrick , Hofman Corinne L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research presents the findings of a petrographic analysis conducted on pre‐colonial Ceramics from Aruba, focusing on understanding ceramic mineral resources and production. The study compared ceramics from nine sites with a selection of clay sources from the island. Petrographic analysis identified the existence of three different mineralogical compositions. Two groups of undecorated vessels were likely manufactured using locally sourced clay materials. Group 1 ceramics show a connection with the weathering of quartz‐diorite intrusions in the northwest part of the island and suggest the exploitation of multiple, geographically close sources with similar compositions. Group 2 ceramics are related to clay sources found in the southeast of Aruba, with a mixed geological composition, including limestone, volcanic tuff and quartz‐diorite. In contrast, Group 3 ceramics are mostly decorated and belong to the Early Urumaco Period. They display a distinct composition characterized by a calcareous matrix with clay pellets, clay streaks and the presence of shell fragments added as temper. The extensive clay preparation practice leaves uncertainties concerning the origin of ceramics from Group 3. The study also highlights clay selection and use patterns, indicating that different clay sources were interchangeably utilized by communities across Aruba.
Variant analysis of human papillomavirus type 52 in Iranian women during 2018−2020: A case‐control study
Authors: Jalali‐Alhosseini Parvin , Shoja Zabihollah , Jalilvand Somayeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsKnowing the regional variants of distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) types is valuable as it can be beneficial for studying their epidemiology, pathogenicity, and evolution. For this reason, the sequence variations of the E6 gene of HPV 52 were investigated among women with normal cervical cytology and premalignant/malignant cervical samples.MethodsSixty‐four HPV 52‐positive samples were analyzed using semi‐nested PCR and sequencing.ResultsOur findings showed that all samples belonged to lineage A (61%) or B (39%). Among samples that were infected with the A lineage, sublineages A1 and A2 were detected and sublineage A1 was dominant. No association was found between lineages and stage of disease (p > 0.05).ConclusionOur results revealed that the A lineage, sublineage A1, and B lineage were common in Iranian women. Nevertheless, more studies with larger sample sizes are required to estimate the pathogenicity risk of HPV 52 lineages in Iranian women with cervical cancer.
CFD study of heat transfer in power‐law fluids over a corrugated cylinder
Authors: Rajpuriya Sonam Gopaldasji , Dhiman Sachin Kumar , Shyam Radhe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe computational study of power‐law fluid flow, along with heat transfer attributes over a corrugated heated cylinder, is explored using ANSYS FLUENT (Version 18.0). Fluids power‐law indices fall in the range of 0.25 ≤ n ≤ 1.5, and the Reynolds number spans in the range of 1 ≤ ReN ≤ 40. The flow is two‐dimensional, steady, and laminar. A wide range of Prandtl numbers (0.7 ≤ PrN ≤ 500) is used to cover the most industrially applied fluids. A domain height of 135Dh is used. A grid with the smallest element size of 0.04 m and 135,914 nodes was used. Flow and heat transfer attributes were studied using streamlines, isotherms, and local and average Nusselt numbers. The average Nusselt number increases with ReN and/or PrN. The heat transfer rate is significantly lower in dilatant fluids and higher in pseudoplastic fluids than in Newtonian fluids. The onset of wake formation behind the cylinder takes place at ReN = 10. The increase in Reynolds number (ReN) and power‐law index (n) causes an increase in wake size. Heat transfer increases with the Reynolds number and/or decrease in the power‐law index. The enhancement in heat transfer due to corrugation is studied in detail in terms of average Nusselt number, which has not been studied for arched corrugated cylinder, even for Newtonian fluids in low Reynolds number range. A Nusselt number correlation is also developed for the given ranges of conditions.
Effect of duct length variation on solar air heater performance for smooth and D‐shaped roughened absorber plate
Authors: Dutt Nitesh , Hedau Ankush , Kumar Ashwani , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Singh Varun Pratap 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study aims to examine how duct length affects the performance of a solar air heater (SAH) with a D‐shaped ribbed absorber plate, compared to a smooth absorber plate. The optimized D‐shaped ribs from previous research investigations are utilized in the present work to explore the absorber plate's length influence on the Nusselt number. The study reveals a slight decrease in the Nusselt number as the length of the absorber plate with D‐shaped ribs is increased. The observed behavior is attributed to the diminishing capacity of air to extract heat from the heated surface within the elongated duct. Moreover, the study calculates the pressure drop and thermo–hydraulic performance parameter (THPP) associated with the D‐shaped ribs and formulates correlations to establish a quantitative understanding of the relationship between duct length and D‐shaped rib performance. The maximum value of THPP was found to be 1.17 within the considered range of duct height. Furthermore, correlations have been derived for the Nusselt number and friction factor in terms of duct length to hydraulic diameter ratio and Reynolds number with maximum deviations of +1.7 and +2.13, respectively. These correlations serve as valuable tool for engineers and researchers seeking to optimize the design of SAHs, enabling them to balance the benefits of D‐shaped ribs with the considerations of duct length. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge of SAH design, offering insights into the trade‐offs and intricacies of utilizing D‐shaped ribs and adjusting duct length for improved THPP.
Developing glycoproteomics reveals the role of posttranslational glycosylation in the physiological and pathological processes of male reproduction
Authors: Cheng Qingyuan , Luo Mengqi , Xu Zihe , Li Fuping , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlycosylation plays a pivotal role in the physiological and pathological processes of male reproduction. It impacts thousands of proteins and is actively ongoing through all stages of reproduction, including spermatogenesis, maturation, capacitation, and fertilization. However, our grasp on glycosylation within male reproductive processes remains limited, largely due to the technical hurdles. Recent advancements have seen the mapping of the glycoproteome of human semen, utilizing cutting‐edge glycoproteomic technologies. This breakthrough lays the groundwork for in‐depth research into the influence of glycosylation on male reproductive system and related disorders. Nevertheless, the field faces numerous challenges that necessitate further advancements in glycoproteomic methodologies. In this analysis, we evaluated the potential applications of advanced glycoproteomic techniques in the study of male reproduction and summarized the detailed profiling of the human semen glycome and glycoproteome. Our current understanding of glycosylation's role within the male reproductive system alongside recent progress in glycoproteomics may equip biologists with a comprehensive insight. Furthermore, this analysis brought together findings on abnormal glycosylation and its link to male reproductive disorders in the view of glycomics and glycoproteomics. It can facilitate the clinical application of glyco‐related biomarkers and targets in the treatment of infertility.