bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative nuances to safeguard anomalous vertebral artery without compromising the surgery for congenital atlantoaxial dislocation: untying a tough knot between vessel and bone
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Futane Sameer , Sahoo Sushant K. , Ghuman Mandeep S. , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: November 2013

Object
Stabilization of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) by using lateral masses requires extensive dissection. The vertebral artery (VA) is commonly anomalous in patients with congenital CVJ anomaly. Such a vessel is likely to be injured during dissection or screw placement. In this study the authors discuss the importance of preoperative evaluation and certain intraoperative steps that reduce the chances of injury to such vessels.

Methods
A 3D CT angiogram was obtained in 15 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for congenital atlantoaxial dislocation. The course of the VA and its relationship to the C1–2 facets was studied in these patients. The anomalous VA was exposed intraoperatively, facet surfaces were drilled in all, and the screws were placed according to the disposition of the vessel.

Results
A skeletal anomaly was found in all 10 patients who had an anomalous VA. Four types of variations were noted: 1) the first intersegmental artery in 5 patients (bilateral in 1); 2) fenestration of VA in 1 patient; 3) anomalous posterior inferior cerebellar artery crossing the C1–2 joint in 1 patient; and 4) medial loop of VA in 5 patients. The anomalous vessel was dissected and the facet surfaces were drilled in all. The C-1 lateral mass screw was placed under vision, taking care not to compromise the anomalous vessel, although occipital screws or sublaminar wires were used in the initial cases. A medial loop of the VA necessitated placement of transpedicular or C-2 lateral mass screws instead of pars interarticularis screws. The anomalous vessel was injured in none.

Conclusions
Preoperative 3D CT angiography is a highly useful method of imaging the artery in patients with CVJ anomaly. It helps in identifying the anomalous VA or its branch and its relationship to the C1–2 facets. The normal side should be surgically treated and distracted first because this helps in opening the abnormal side, aiding in dissection. In the posterior approach the C-2 nerve root is always encountered before the anomalous vessel. The defined vascular anatomy helps in choosing the type of screw. The vessel should be mobilized so as to aid the drilling of facets and the placement of screws and spacers under vision, avoiding its injury (direct or indirect) or compression. With these steps, C1–2 (short segment) rigid fusion can be achieved despite the presence of anomalous VA.
Peritoneal Residual Volume Induces Variability of Ultrafiltration with Icodextrin
Authors: Akonur Alp , Holmes Clifford J. , Leypoldt John K. 
Published: November 2013

Background Icodextrin induces ultrafiltration (UF) during long-dwell exchanges by creating a difference in oncotic pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma; however, the mechanisms governing intra-patient and inter-patient variability in UF when icodextrin is used remain largely unexplained. In the present study, we show theoretically that differences in peritoneal residual volume ( VR) have a more profound effect on UF with icodextrin use than with glucose use. This phenomenon is attributed to a differential effect of VR on oncotic, rather than osmotic, pressure between the peritoneal cavity and plasma. Methods The three-pore model was used to calculate the effect on UF of VR between 150 mL and 1200 mL when 7.5% icodextrin (ICO) or 3.86% glucose solution is used at the end of a 12-hour dwell in the four patient transport groups (that is, fast to slow). Oncotic (with ICO) and osmotic (with glucose) pressure differences averaged over the entire dwell were also calculated. Results As expected, at a nominal VR of 300 mL, UF with glucose differed substantially between the four patient transport groups (2 – 804 mL), whereas UF with ICO did not (556 – 573 mL). When VR was increased to 1200 mL from 150 mL, the concentrations of the oncotic and osmotic agents at the start of the dwell with an infusion volume of 2 L decreased to 4.9% from 7.0% with ICO and to 2.5% from 3.6% with glucose. The decrease in UF on average was greater with ICO [to 252 mL from 624 mL: that is, a reduction of 372 mL (60%)] than with glucose [to 292 mL from 398 mL: that is, a reduction of 106 mL (27%)]. Those trends agreed with the calculated reductions in the oncotic pressure difference with ICO [reduction of 12 mmHg (49%)] and the osmotic pressure difference with glucose [reduction of 19 mmHg (33%)]. Conclusions When ICO is used, VR modifies the oncotic pressure difference between the peritoneal cavity and plasma to substantially alter UF. This modification suggests that potential causes of increased VR should be considered when UF with ICO is considerably less than expected. Prospective clinical studies evaluating the relationship between VR and UF with ICO are warranted to validate the theoretical predictions in this report.
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: Part of a Common Spectrum or Distinct Diseases?
Authors: Wallis Dinny , Haroon Nigil , Ayearst Renise , Carty Adele , Inman Robert D. 
Published: November 2013

Objective.To investigate the features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) in a Canadian cohort of 639 patients with AS and 73 patients with nr-axSpA.Methods.Clinical and laboratory data were compared for patients with AS and nr-axSpA enrolled in a longitudinal SpA cohort.Results.The proportion of male patients was higher in AS than in nr-axSpA (76.2% vs 47.9%; p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the presence of HLA-B27 between AS (78.9%) and nr-axSpA (72.5%) patients, nor in age at the time of diagnosis, although AS patients were younger at the time of symptom onset (23.9 yrs vs 26.4 yrs; p = 0.03). Disease duration at the time of last clinic visit was longer for AS than for nr-axSpA patients (17.7 yrs vs 12.1 yrs; p = 0.0002). Acute-phase reactants were higher in AS than in nr-axSpA (C-reactive protein 11.4 vs 5.2, p < 0.0001; erythrocyte sedimentation rate 13.7 vs 9.9, p = 0.02). The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index was higher in patients with AS (2.84 vs 1.35, p < 0.0001).Conclusion.Patients with nr-axSpA were more likely to be female and to have lower inflammatory markers than patients with AS. When restricted to female patients only, acute-phase reactants did not differ significantly between AS and nr-axSpA. The evidence provides indirect support for the concept that nr-axSpA may represent an early form of AS, but that also has features of a distinct disease entity with significant burden of symptoms.
Le financement participatif : atouts, risques et conditions de succès
Authors: Onnée Stéphane , Renault Sophie 
Published: November 2013

À l’heure où l’internaute devient de plus en plus actif, le financement participatif connaît une véritable montée en puissance. Face aux atermoiements d’une économie en crise, il permet à des particuliers ou à des organisations de s’appuyer sur le soutien financier de la foule pour concrétiser des projets de toutes natures : jeu vidéo, film, musique, création d’entreprise, etc. S’appuyant sur des cas concrets, cet article dessine les contours du financement participatif, en décrit les principaux atouts mais aussi les faiblesses. Des recommandations sont également apportées afin d’éclairer les praticiens sur ce mode de financement de projets.
Whole-rock chemical and Nd isotopic composition of a Late Proterozoic metasedimentary sequence in Ganderia: Kellys Mountain, Bras d’Or terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Barr Sandra M. , Pin Christian , McMullin David , White Chris E 
Published: November 2013

The relationship between low-grade metasedimentary and high-grade paragneissic Precambrian rock units in the Bras d’Or terrane of central Cape Breton Island is a long-standing geological problem. Whole-rock geochemical and Nd isotopic data from representative components of these units in the Kellys Mountain area, the Glen Tosh formation and Kellys Mountain Gneiss, show strong similarity. Major and trace element characteristics suggest that protolith sediments for both units were wackes derived from felsic igneous sources and deposited at an active continental margin. Neodymium isotopic data in combination with previously published detrital zircon ages show that the sediments contained an ancient (ca. 2 Ga) end-member of recycled continental crust mixed with a juvenile component of Late Neoproterozoic age. The similarities suggest that the rocks represent the same sedimentary unit at different grades of metamorphism.
Relative contributions of galactic cosmic rays and lunar proton “albedo” to dose and dose rates near the Moon
Authors: Spence Harlan E. , Golightly Michael J. , Joyce Colin J. , Looper Mark D. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Smith Sonya S. , Townsend Lawrence W. , Wilson Jody , Zeitlin Cary 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe use validated radiation transport models of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation instrument and its response to both primary galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and secondary radiation, including lunar protons released through nuclear evaporation, to estimate their relative contributions to total dose rate in silicon (372 μGy/d) and dose equivalent rate at the skin (2.88 mSv/d). Near the Moon, we show that GCR accounts for ~91.4% of the total absorbed dose, with GCR protons accounting for ~42.8%, GCR alpha particles for ~18.5%, and GCR heavy ions for ~30.1%. The remaining ~8.6% of the dose at Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter altitudes (~50 km) arises from secondary lunar species, primarily “albedo” protons (3.1%) and electrons (2.2%). Other lunar nuclear evaporation species contributing to the dose rate are positrons (1.5%), gammas (1.1%), and neutrons (0.7%). Relative contributions of these same species to the total dose equivalent rate in skin, a quantity of more direct biological relevance, favor those with comparatively high quality factors. Consequently, the primary GCR heavy ion components dominate the estimated effective skin dose. Finally, we note that when considering the lunar radiation environment, although the Moon blocks approximately half of the sky, thus essentially halving the absorbed dose rate near the Moon relative to deep space, the secondary radiation created by the presence of the Moon adds back a small, but measurable, absorbed dose (~8%) that can and should be now accounted for quantitatively in radiation risk assessments at the Moon and other similar exploration targets.
Asymmetric Catalytic Sulfoxidation with H2O2 using Chiral Copper Metal–Organic Framework Crystals
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Kubo Kaori , Iida Kazuhiro , Otani Ken‐ichi , Murase Takanori , Yanamoto Daisuke , Shiro Motoo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant that uses chiral copper metal–organic framework crystals as a heterogeneous catalyst has been investigated. Optically active sulfoxides have been obtained with moderate to good enantioselectivities up to 82 % ee without the formation of sulfones. The catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused.
Effect of SiO2on rheology, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of high thermal stable epoxy foam
Authors: Chen Keping , Tian Chunrong , Lu Ai , Zhou Qiuming , Jia Xiaorong , Wang Jianhua 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA series of highly thermostable epoxy foams with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A and bisphenol‐S epoxy resin (DGEBA/DGEBS), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as curing agent have been successfully prepared through a two‐step process. Dynamic and steady shear rheological measurements of the DGEBA/DGEBS/DDS reacting mixture are performed. The results indicate all samples present an extremely rapid increase in viscosities after a critical time. The gel time measured by the crossover of tan δ is independent of frequency. The influence of SiO2content on morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy foams has also been investigated. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of SiO2, the pore morphology with a bimodal size distribution is observed when the content of SiO2is above 5 wt %. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that pure epoxy foam possesses a high glass transition temperature (206°C). The maximum of specific compressive strength can be up to 0.0253 MPa m3kg−1at around 1.0 wt % SiO2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 40068.
Influence of titanium dioxide pigments on the optical properties of polycarbonate and polypropylene for diode laser wavelengths
Authors: Aden Mirko , Mamuschkin Viktor , Olowinsky Alexander , Glaser Sibylle 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn laser transmission welding of polymers, additives and colorants could influence the welding result. In this work, polypropylene and polycarbonate probes colored with titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments of various concentrations are investigated. The probes are produced using an extrusion process to obtain a homogeneous distribution of colorants. The TiO2 pigments change the optical properties of the polymers considerably. The measured reflectance increases with increasing pigment load while the transmittance decreases. From the measured data of transmittance, reflectance, and collimated transmittance, the scattering, the absorption coefficient, and the anisotropy factors are calculated. It is shown that the scattering coefficient at 1530 nm (laser) wavelength is smaller than for 968 nm, while the absorption coefficient is negligible for both wavelengths. Scattering coefficient and anisotropy factor are used to simulate the propagation of the laser radiation in the polymers. The influence of the scattering process on the beam propagation is represented by the change of the power density distribution. It is shown that the maximum intensity of the distribution is reduced more than the transmittance with increasing pigment concentration. The effect is higher for 968 than for 1530 nm wavelength making the larger wavelength more favorable for transmission welding. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40073.
Brief Report: The Value of a Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Authors: Tomasson Gunnar , Davis John C. , Hoffman Gary S. , McCune W. Joseph , Specks Ulrich , Spiera Robert , St.Clair E. William , Stone John H. , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo 1) describe the distribution of patient global assessment (PtGA) scores of disease activity in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; Wegener's), 2) explore the discordance between PtGA scores and physician global assessment (PhGA) scores of disease activity, and 3) explore whether PtGA scores during disease remission are associated with future disease relapse.MethodsData from the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) were used. PtGA and PhGA scores were assessed on 100‐mm visual analog scales (VAS). Presence of active disease was determined using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for WG (BVAS/WG), and remission was defined as a BVAS/WG score of 0. Disease relapse was defined as a BVAS/WG score of >0 after remission had been achieved. Discordance between PtGA and PhGA scores was defined as a difference of ≥20 points between the two measures. Mixed linear models were used in longitudinal analysis of PtGA scores.ResultsData were obtained from 180 patients in the WGET cohort, seen at a total of 1,719 study visits. The mean ± SD PtGA and PhGA disease activity scores (on 100‐mm VAS) at baseline were 64.2 ± 27.4 and 55.5 ± 23.4, respectively. PtGA–PhGA discordance occurred in 53% of patients at baseline, and this was inversely associated with newly diagnosed disease (as opposed to relapsing disease) at baseline (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.20–0.68) but not with age, sex, or presence of renal or pulmonary disease. Patients were in disease remission during 62% of the study visits. The mean PtGA score during visits immediately prior to relapse was 4.52 points higher (95% CI 0.66–8.4) than that at other remission visits (P = 0.03).ConclusionPtGA–PhGA discordance is common in GPA. A rise in the PtGA disease activity score during times defined by physicians as periods of remission is associated with subsequent occurrence of disease relapse. These findings support the addition of PtGA as an outcome measure for GPA.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Organometallic Bis(helicene)s by a Combination of CH Activation and Dynamic Isomerization
Authors: Shen Chengshuo , Anger Emmanuel , Srebro Monika , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Toupet Loïc , Roussel Christian , Autschbach Jochen , Réau Régis , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHomochiral and heterochiral cis‐bis‐cycloplatinated‐[6]helicene derivatives 1 b1, 2, as representative examples of platina[6]helicenes that share a common platinum center, have been prepared. A diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis, which combines CH activation and dynamic isomerization from heterochiral structure 1 b2 into homochiral structure 1 b1, is also described. Overall, this isomerization process results in the transfer of chiral information from one helicene moiety to the other one. The chiroptical properties of homochiral (P)‐ and (M)‐1 b1 were greatly modified upon oxidation into their corresponding (P)‐ and (M)‐diiodo‐PtIV complexes (5). The changes were also analyzed by performing theoretical calculations. CH activation in the synthesis of organometallic helicenes is further demonstrated by the preparation of cis‐bis‐cycloplatinated‐[8]helicene 1 c.
Chronotropic incompetence in exercise testing
Authors: Chin C.‐F. , Messenger J. C. , Greenberg P. S. , Ellestad M. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPatients with chronotropic incompetence, defined as a failure of the heart rate response to exercise to rise to within two standard deviations of the expected increase with exercise, were studied and compared to patients with known coronary disease by angiogram with and without ST segment depression.72 % of the patients with chronotropic incompetence but without ST depression had significant coronary heart disease. The demonstration of chronotropic incompetence in exercise testing has important predictive implications and should be looked upon as carefully as ST segment changes. There was no evidence of SA node ischemia in these patients. Intrinsic heart rate measurements done in this study suggest autonomic dysfunction as a possible pathophysiologic mechanism for chronotropic imcompetence.The heart rate response to exercise may be a useful predictor of the presence and severity of coronary disease. Therefore, a predicted heart rate response with standard deviation for age and sex should be included as part of the stress test protocol.
Angina, aortic stenosis and coronary heart disease
Authors: Thompson R. H. , Ahmed M. S. , Mitchell A. G. , Towers M. K. , Yacoub M. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe pre‐operative clinical and haemodynamic findings of 139 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis were analysed in an attempt to determine the incidence and influence of coronary heart disease on the mode of presentation of patients with aortic stenosis. The overall incidence of coronary heart disease was 32%. 105 patients (76%) presented with angina and of these, 41 patients (39%) had significant coronary heart disease as compared to 4 (13%) of the remaining 34 patients who did not present with angina. Clinical parameters including age, sex, severity of angina together with the presence of associated symptoms and precipitating factors were unhelpful in distinguishing those patients with coronary heart disease. Evidence of previous transmural myocardial infarction or the presence of ST‐T abnormalities in the absence of digitalis and the changes of left ventricular hypertrophy were reliable electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease. Although peak systolic aortic valve gradient tended to decrease with increasing severity of coronary heart disease, the severity of aortic stenosis was not a reliable indicator of the presence of coronary disease. Patients with coronary heart disease in the absence of angina all had a combination of moderate aortic stenosis and single vessel disease. It is concluded that coronary heart disease cannot be predicted in patients with angina and, in the absence of angina occurs with an incidence sufficiently high to advocate the use of coronary angiography as part of the investigation of all patients with aortic stenosis being considered for valve replacement.
Prenylamine. Autoradiographic and neuropathological studies on myocardial mechanisms of action
Authors: Milei J. , Faccio E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMyocardial localization of prenylamine (PNL), a well known antianginal drug, was studied by means of an autoradiographic technique to detect microscopical distribution of tritiated PNL (3H‐PLN). Forty Wistar rats received 35 μCi/kg b. w. 3H‐PNL i. p., the animals being killed 30 min after injection.Heart slices, 1 mm thick, were processed for both autoradiographic and conventional histological techniques.3H‐PNL was observed, mainly, as striae along sarcolemma; sarcolemmatic/intramyocardial 3H‐PNL distribution ratio was 6:1. Preferential membrane deposition of 3H‐PNL is probably related to the calcium transport inhibiting action of the drug, previously described.
Maternal choline supplementation differentially alters the basal forebrain cholinergic system of young‐adult Ts65Dn and disomic mice
Authors: Kelley Christy M. , Powers Brian E. , Velazquez Ramon , Ash Jessica A. , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Strupp Barbara J. , Mufson Elliott J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDown syndrome (DS), trisomy 21, is a multifaceted condition marked by intellectual disability and early presentation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological lesions including degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) system. Although DS is diagnosable during gestation, there is no treatment option for expectant mothers or DS individuals. Using the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS that displays age‐related degeneration of the BFCN system, we investigated the effects of maternal choline supplementation on the BFCN system in adult Ts65Dn mice and disomic (2N) littermates at 4.3–7.5 months of age. Ts65Dn dams were maintained on a choline‐supplemented diet (5.1 g/kg choline chloride) or a control, unsupplemented diet with adequate amounts of choline (1 g/kg choline chloride) from conception until weaning of offspring; post weaning, offspring were fed the control diet. Mice were transcardially perfused with paraformaldehyde, and brains were sectioned and immunolabeled for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or p75‐neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). BFCN number and size, the area of the regions, and the intensity of hippocampal labeling were determined. Ts65Dn‐unsupplemented mice displayed region‐ and immunolabel‐dependent increased BFCN number, larger areas, smaller BFCNs, and overall increased hippocampal ChAT intensity compared with 2N unsupplemented mice. These effects were partially normalized by maternal choline supplementation. Taken together, the results suggest a developmental imbalance in the Ts65Dn BFCN system. Early maternal‐diet choline supplementation attenuates some of the genotype‐dependent alterations in the BFCN system, suggesting this naturally occurring nutrient as a treatment option for pregnant mothers with knowledge that their offspring is trisomy 21. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1390–1410, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.