bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic force microscopy of bacteria from periodontal subgingival biofilm: Preliminary study results
Authors: Germano Francesco , Bramanti Ennio , Arcuri Claudio , Cecchetti Francesco , Cicciù Marco 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a technology that allows analysis of the nanoscale morphology of bacteria within biofilm and provides details that may be better useful for understanding the role of bacterial interactions in the periodontal disease. Material and Methods: Five patients with periodontal ≥5 mm pockets diagnosed as generalized periodontitis and five patients with slight gingivitis were selected for the investigation. Bacteria biofilms were collected and morphologically investigated by AFM application. Results: The investigation revealed how periodontitis bacteria are characterized by specific morphologic features of the cell wall. The major representative species of bacteria causing periodontal diseases have been reproduced by a three-dimensional reconstruction showing the bacteria surface details. Conclusions: The presence of complex glycocalyx structures, bacteriophage-like vesicles, spirochetes (classic and cystic morphology) and bacterial co-aggregation has been identified by the AFM analysis. The results suggest that AFM is a reliable technique for studying bacterial morphology and for examining microbial interactions in dental plaque.
Reliability analysis of two methods for measuring active enamel demineralization: An in vitro study
Authors: Nassur Camila , Pomarico Luciana , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of two methods, namely, digital caliper [DC] and computerized image analysis software (Image Tool [IT] version 4.1) for measuring the area of an active enamel demineralization lesion. The effect on that measurement of a window that delimits the lesion was also assessed. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight circular artificial enamel demineralization lesions (r = 2 mm) were produced on bovine teeth in vitro, which were then measured three times by three examiners, with and without the presence of a window delimiting the area to be measured. The data were analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and by the Altman and Bland analysis. Results: The intra-examiner correlation using the IT method showed excellent reproducibility (mean ICC values 0.922-0.970 with the delimiting window and 0.915-0.990 without the window). However, the intra-examiner correlation using the DC method showed comparatively less reproducibility in the measurements (mean ICC values 0.458-0.648 with the delimiting window and 0.378-0.665 without the window). The inter-examiner correlations showed very good reproducibility of the measurements regardless of the presence or absence of the window for both the DC method (0.811-0.846) and IT method (0.953-0.994). However, the latter method showed less variability within the measurements. Conclusion: However, statistically no significant difference was found between both methodologies. Nevertheless, computerized image analysis with the Image Tool software demonstrated higher intra- and inter-examiner reliability than the digital caliper method, in estimating the area of the enamel demineralization lesion, regardless of the delimiting window.
Does the temperature of beverages affect the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin?
Authors: Tuncer Duygu , Karaman Emel , Firat Esra 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the effect of beverages′ temperature on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of a composite resin. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of the Filtek Z250 composite (3M ESPE, Dental Products, St.Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and initial roughness, microhardness, and color were measured. Then the specimens were randomly divided into five groups of 10 specimens each: Coffee at 70°C, coffee at 37°C, cola at 10°C, cola at 37°C, and artificial saliva (control). After the samples were subjected to 15 min × 3 cycles per day of exposure to the solutions for 30 days, the final measurements were recorded. Results: After immersion in beverages, the artificial saliva group showed hardness values higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.001) and the microhardness values were significantly different from the initial values in all groups except for the control group. Both cola groups showed roughness values higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05), while the other groups showed values similar to the baseline measurements. When ΔE measurements were examined, the 70°C coffee group showed the highest color change among all the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: High-temperature solutions caused alterations in certain properties of composites, such as increased color change, although they did not affect the hardness or roughness of the composite resin material tested.
Spectrophotometric evaluation of the color changes of different feldspathic porcelains after exposure to commonly consumed beverages
Authors: Jain Chandni , Bhargava Akshay , Gupta Sharad , Rath Rishi , Nagpal Abhishek , Kumar Prince 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare color stability and surface topography of three different feldspathic porcelains both qualitatively and quantitatively after exposure to routinely consumed beverages over different time periods using a Spectrophotometer, Stereomicroscope and Surface roughness tester, respectively. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 plastic discs were casted to obtain metal dies for three different newer ceramic applications each on thirty samples. The color and surface roughness of these samples were measured using stereomicroscope and surface roughness tester following which they were kept in different test solutions for different durations and revaluated for color changes and surface roughness in the similar manner. Results and Conclusion: Among all the five test solutions, Coffee showed the maximum staining of the ceramic whereas maximum surface roughness was shown by the Duceram Kiss (1.48 μm) by Orange Juice which could be due to its high titratable acidity.
Fluoride release of glass ionomer restorations after bleaching with two different bleaching materials
Authors: Baroudi Kusai , Mahmoud Rasha Said , Tarakji Bassel 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of two bleaching agents on the fluoride release of three types of glass ionomer materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens of the tested materials (Ketac Fil, Photac Fil and F2000) were prepared by a split Teflon ring with an internal diameter of 5 mm and thickness of 2 mm. The tested materials were applied and bleached according to manufacturer instructions. Fluoride release measurements were made by using specific ion electrode. Results: Results revealed that bleaching with opalescence Xtra caused little increase in fluoride release from Ketac Fil and Photac Fil but has no effect on F2000. However, Opalescence Quick had no significant effect on the three tested materials. Conclusions: Bleaching effect on fluoride release is material dependent and time has a significant role on fluoride release.
Chemical composition and thermal behavior of five brands of thermoplasticized gutta-percha
Authors: Maniglia-Ferreira Claudio , Gurgel-Filho Eduardo Diogo , de Araújo Silva-Jr João Batista , de Paula Regina Célia Monteiro , de Andrade Feitosa Judith Pessoa , de Sousa-Filho Francisco José 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was determine the chemical composition and thermal behavior of Thermafil (TH), Microseal Cone (MC), Microseal Microflow (MF), Obtura (OB) and Obtura Flow (OF). In addition, their thermal behavior in response to temperature variations was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the temperature at which gutta-percha switches from the beta to alpha form, and from the alpha to the amorphous phase. Materials and Methods: The organic and inorganic fractions were separated by dissolution in chloroform. Gutta-percha (GP) was precipitated with acetone. The inorganic fraction was analyzed via Elemental Microanalysis. Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis and X-ray Diffraction were used to identify the chemical elements and compounds (BaSO4 and ZnO). Thermal analysis was conducted using DSC. Results: The organic and inorganic fractions ranged from 21.3% and 26.9% of weights, respectively. MC and MF showed the highest percentages of organic compounds (P = 0.0125). All specimens exhibited two crystalline transformations when heated from ambient temperature to 130°C. MC presented the highest percentage of GP. Conclusions: No correlation was observed between chemical composition and thermal behavior. Each of the products showed thermal behavior that is typical of beta-phase gutta-percha.
Is the 810-nm diode laser the best choice in oral soft tissue therapy?
Authors: Akbulut Nihat , Kursun E. Sebnem , Tumer M. Kemal , Kamburoglu Kivanc , Gulsen Ugur 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an 810-nm diode laser for treatment of benign oral soft tissue lesions. Materials and Methods: Treatment with the 810-nm diode laser was applied to a group of eighteen patients with pathological frenulum and epulis fissuratum; five patients with oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and mucous membrane pemphigoid; and four patients with pyogenic granuloma. Results: Although the conventional surgery wound heals in a fairly short time, in the present study, the simple oral soft tissue lesions healed within two weeks, the white and vesiculobullous lesions healed completely within six weeks, and the pyogenic granuloma lesions healed within four weeks. Any complication was treated by using the 810-nm diode laser. Conclusions: Patient acceptance and satisfaction, without compromising health and function, have been found to be of a high degree in this present study. Thus, we can say that the use of the 810-nm diode laser may indeed be the best choice in oral soft tissue surgery.
Replantation after traumatic avulsion
Authors: Tezel Huseyin , Atalayin Cigdem , Kayrak Gul 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this report is to present the case of an accidentally avulsed maxillary central incisor kept in saline solution from the moment of trauma until its replantation 3 h later in a 13-year-old girl. The avulsed tooth was replanted back into the alveolar socket and splinted with composite resin. Calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing was used to prevent inflammatory root resorption. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed during 27 months follow-up. During the 15 months follow-up period, the tooth remained in a stable functional position and did not reveal replacement resorption. But mild infraocclusion and root resorption were developed 21 months after replantation. The amount of damage to tooth and supporting structures, emergency treatment and follow-up period play a role in the prognosis of the avulsed tooth. It can be recommended to keep the avulsed tooth in saline solution at least when more appropriate storage media are not on handle immediately.
Addition of a pontic to all-ceramic Turkom-Cera fixed partial denture restorations
Authors: Uludag Bulent , Tokar Emre , Polat Serdar 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTHigh-strength all-ceramic materials are commonly used in dentistry. When complications occur in an all-ceramic restoration, the restoration is usually replaced. This article describes the time-saving ability and cost-effectiveness of this novel technique for the addition of a pontic in two complicated clinical cases. Turkom-CeraTM [Turkom-Ceramic (M) Sdn. Bhd.] with aluminum oxide (99.98%) is an all-ceramic system that offers the option of addition of a new pontic to the sintered framework. The new pontic was cut off from an alumina blank [Turkom-Ceramic (M) Sdn. Bhd.], moistened, and attached to the framework using alumina gel [Turkom-Ceramic (M) Sdn. Bhd.]. The framework was veneered with veneering porcelain (Vita VM 7; VITA Zahnfabrik). The two cases presented here involving the addition of a pontic to sintered framework were followed up for at least 1 year. No complication was detected or reported by the patients. Alumina- and zirconia-based ceramics are particularly suitable for for all-ceramic restorations in high-stress bearing areas. However, replacement of a failed all-ceramic restoration is not the most practical solution, considering both cost and tooth-related factors. This attractive feature of the Turkom-Cera allows the repair of a fractured ceramic coping or the addition of a new pontic to restorations.
Multiple oral ulcers leading to diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nagaraj Vezhavendhan , Sashykumar Shanthi , Viswanathan Stalin , Kumar Sathish 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe report a 47 year old man who presented with painful non-healing tongue ulcers of 3 months duration.Examination revealed an additional buccal ulcer that he was unaware of. Histopathology of the ulcers showed caseation necrosis. Following this report, chest radiography and sputum microscopy performed revealed pulmonary tuberculosis. From this case-study, one should be aware of coexisting pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with chronic non-healing oral ulcers, both for diagnosis as well as prevention of transmission through respiratory droplets.
Time from Symptoms to Definitive Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: The Delay Study
Authors: Strange Geoff , Gabbay Eli , Kermeen Fiona , Williams Trevor , Carrington Melinda , Stewart Simon , Keogh Anne 
Published: January 2014

Survival rates for patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) have improved with the introduction of PAH‐specific therapies. However, the time between patient‐reported onset of symptoms and a definitive diagnosis of IPAH is consistently delayed. We conducted a retrospective, multi‐center, descriptive investigation in order to (a) understand what factors contribute to persistent diagnostic delays, and (b) examine the time from initial symptom onset to a definitive diagnosis of IPAH. Between January 2007 and December 2008, we enrolled consecutively diagnosed adults with IPAH from four tertiary referral centers in Australia. Screening of patient records and “one‐on‐one” interviews were used to determine the time from patient‐described initial symptoms to a diagnosis of IPAH, confirmed by right heart catheterization (RHC). Thirty‐two participants (69% female) were studied. Mean age at symptom onset was 56 ± 16.4 years and 96% reported exertional dyspnea. Mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 47 ± 34 months with patients subsequently aged 60 ± 17.3 years. Patients reported 5.3 ± 3.8 GP visits and 3.0 ± 2.1 specialist reviews before being seen at a pulmonary hypertension (PH) center. Advanced age, number of general practitioner (GP) visits, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with the observed delay. We found a significant delay of 3.9 years from symptom onset to a diagnosis of IPAH in Australia. Exertional dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom. Current practice within Australia does not appear to have the specific capacity for timely, multi‐factorial evaluation of breathlessness and potential IPAH.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Herpes Virus Infections, and Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Flores Sonia C. , Almodovar Sharilyn 
Published: January 2014

The following state‐of‐the‐art seminar was delivered as part of the Aspen Lung Conference on Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Diseases held in Aspen, Colorado in June 2012. This paper will summarize the lecture and present results from a nonhuman primate model of infection with Simian (Human) Immunodeficiency Virus ‐ nef chimeric virions as well as the idea that polymorphisms in the HIV‐1 nef gene may be driving the immune response that results in exuberant inflammation and aberrant endothelial cell (EC) function. We will present data gathered from primary HIV nef isolates where we tested the biological consequences of these polymorphisms and how their presence in human populations may predict patients at risk for developing this disease. In this article, we also discuss how a dysregulated immune system, in conjunction with a viral infection, could contribute to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Both autoimmune diseases and some viruses are associated with defects in the immune system, primarily in the function of regulatory T cells. These T‐cell defects may be a common pathway in the formation of plexiform lesions. Regardless of the route by which viruses may lead to PAH, it is important to recognize their role in this rare disease.
Generating Sensor Data Summaries to Communicate Change in Elder’s Health Status
Authors: Wilbik A. , Keller J. M. , Musterman K. , Alexander G. L. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Background: Sensor systems detect critical health changes of frail residents in the community. However, sensor systems alone may not allow users to identify data trends fast enough. Linguistic summaries of sensor data describing elder activity in their apartment provide a useful solution so clinicians can respond quicker.
Objectives: This paper describes two case studies of independent elders living with sensors in their assisted living apartment. Residents experienced declining health status and activity level over a period of approximately 24 months. Linguistic summaries were assessed iteratively by engineers and nurses working with the sensor system.
Methods: We created summaries of activity data collected from sensors located in resident apartments during a period of health status change. Engineers distilled information from heterogeneous data sources including bedroom motion and bed restlessness sensors during the summarization process. Engineers used fuzzy measures to compare two different periods of nighttime activity. Using iterative approaches a registered nurse worked with the team to develop algorithms and short phrases that appropriately capture and describe changes in activity levels.
Results: Total activity levels captured by sensors were graphed for two elderly residents experiencing health problems over a period of months. In the first case study (resident 3004), an elderly resident had knee surgery and onset of backspasms postoperatively. Graphed dissimilar measures show changes from baseline when backspasms occur. In the second case study (resident 3003), there were increased periods of bed restlessness before and after a resident had a major surgical procedure. During these periods, graphs of dissimilarity measures indicate that there were changes from usual baseline periods of restlessness postoperatively indicating the health problems were persisting. Nurse care coordination notes indicate these episodes were related to poor pain control.
Conclusions: Summaries of activity change are useful for care coordinators to detect resident health status for community dwelling residents.
Citation: Alexander GL, Wilbik A, Keller JM, Musterman K. Generating sensor data summaries to communicate change in elder’s health status. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 73–84 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-07-RA-0050
Prioritisation of companion dog welfare issues using expert consensus
Authors: Buckland EL , Corr SA , Abeyesinghe SM , Wathes CM 
Published: January 2014

AbstractResources for tackling animal welfare issues are often limited. Obtaining a consensus of expert opinion on the most pressing issues to address is a valuable approach to try to ensure that resources are wisely spent. In this study, seven independent experts in a range of disciplines (including veterinary medicine, animal behaviour and welfare science and ethics) were consulted on the relative prioritisation of welfare issues impacting companion dogs in Great Britain. Experts first anonymously ranked the priority of 37 welfare issues, pre-defined from a literature review and an earlier published survey. In a subsequent two-day panel workshop, experts refined these issues into 25 composite groups and used specific criteria to agree their relative priorities as a Welfare Problem (WP; incorporating numbers of dogs affected, severity, duration and counter-balancing benefits) and a Strategic Priority (SP; a combination of WP and tractability). Other criteria — anthropogenicity, ethical significance and confidence in the issue-relevant evidence — were also discussed by the panel. Issues that scored highly for both WP and SP were: inappropriate husbandry, lack of owner knowledge, undesirable behaviours, inherited disease, inappropriate socialisation and habituation and conformation-related disorders. Other welfare issues, such as obese and overweight dogs, were judged as being important for welfare (WP) but not strategic priorities (SP), due to the expert-perceived difficulties in their management and resolution. This information can inform decisions on where future resources can most cost-effectively be targeted, to bring about the greatest improvement in companion dog welfare in Great Britain.
Does owning a companion animal influence the belief that animals experience emotions such as grief?
Authors: Walker JK , McGrath N , Handel IG , Waran NK , Phillips CJC 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates public attitudes towards emotional experiences in animals. We surveyed 1,000 members of the public to investigate how companion animal ownership affects the attribution of emotions to animals and beliefs about whether animals can grieve. Respondents who owned a companion animal were more likely to believe that some animals can experience grief compared with respondents that did not own a companion animal. The non-owning respondents were more likely to believe that animals do not experience emotions including: anxiety, distress or depression, do not show behavioural changes when they are experiencing grief and do not grieve as a result of separation from a conspecific. Our findings show that companion animal ownership plays a significant role in the public perception of the emotional experiences of animals and belief in the animals’ ability to grieve.
Experimental observations of the splitting of a gravity current at a density step in a stratified water body
Authors: Cortés A. , Rueda F. J. , Wells M. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhen a gravity current reaches the level of neutral buoyancy in a stratified water body it can separate from the sloping boundary as an intrusion. If there is a density gradient within the gravity current, then multiple intrusions can form in the stratified water body. Using a series of laboratory experiments in a two‐layered ambient stratification, we document how a gravity current splits in two upon reaching the sharp density step. Our laboratory observations stress the significance of the densimetric Froude number of the gravity current (Fr), as well as a measure of the ambient stratification (density Richardson number, Riρ), on determining how a gravity current intrudes into a two‐layered stratified ambient water. Gravity currents are more likely to detrain into two parts at a density step when they have a diffuse density interface (Fr > 1). However, gravity currents tend to intrude as a single intrusion when they have a sharp, more step‐like density profile (Fr < 1). Using details of the internal structure of the gravity current, we develop a theory to predict the partition of the buoyancy flux into the interflow and underflow when the gravity current splits at the density step. Our predictions of buoyancy portions are in agreement with our experimental observations. We discuss when the application of our equations will be relevant for river intrusions into reservoirs, and for gravity currents in the stratified ocean.