bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard ECG versus 24‐hour holter monitoring in the detection of ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Møller M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA total of 386 corresponding registrations of standard ECG and 24‐h Holter monitoring were compared in order to elucidate the information obtainable from a 60‐s standard ECG with regard to ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) were present on 17% of the standard ECGs against 90% of the monitorings (p < 0.001). The corresponding figures for complicated VEB (multiform, repetitive, R on T) were 2% and 41%, respectively (p < 0.001). The presence of VEB on the standard ECG was associated with a significantly increased incidence of all types of ventricular arrhythmias during Holter monitoring performed within the same day. The number of VEBs on the standard ECG did not predict the number during monitoring, but to some extent did predict the occurrence of complicated types. In 52 patients free from VEB on four consecutive standard ECGs, Holter monitoring showed complicated ectopic activity in 32 (62%). Thus standard ECG is an insensitive method for the detection of ventricular arrhythmias.
Hemodynamic assessment of prenalterol: A cardioselective beta agonist in patients with impaired left ventricular function
Authors: Klein W. , Brandt D. , Maurer E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe hemodynamic effects of a new cardioselective beta agonist, prenalterol, were evaluated in 12 patients with moderate or severe impairment of left ventricular function due to coronary heart disease or primary cardiomyopathy. In doses up to 7 mg the drug led to a substantial increase of left ventricular pressure rise (+55%) and mean circumferential fiber shortening (+59%) and a decrease of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (–52%), mean pulmonary artery pressure (–24%) and pulmonary vascular resistance (–37%) indicating augmented myocardial contractility and reduced left ventricular preload. Cardiac output was increased only in 4 of 12 patients, heart rate, left ventricular systolic and mean right atrial pressures and the pressure‐rate product as an index for myocardial oxygen demand remained essentially unchanged. The same is true for stroke index, stroke work index, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volume and ejection fraction. The positive inotropic effect was achieved with good tolerance and without arrhythmogenic or other side effects. Prenalterol may be especially useful in patients with low sympathetic activity and hypotension. In patients with diffuse congestive cardiomyopathy, high sympathetic activity, pronounced peripheral vasoconstriction and normal blood pressure, vasodilator therapy alone or in combination with prenalterol should be considered.
Retrograde aortic dissection during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Eugene J. , Aronow W. S. , Stemmer E. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFemoral artery perfusion for cardiopulmonary bypass is still employed for reoperation, procedures involving the thoracic aorta, and partial bypass in critical patients. Retrograde aortic dissection is the most significant complication of femoral perfusion. The reported incidence is from 0.6% to 14% with a mortality of 66%. Most of the deaths occurred in patients in whom the dissection was not recognized, or in whom the dissection was recognized but not treated appropriately. Our experience with retrograde dissection totals six patients of 640 (0.9%) in whom femoral inflow was used. Four of the six patients survived the dissection. Sudden increase in extracorporeal line pressure shortly after beginning cardiopulmonary bypass associated with decreased venous return, dampened radial arterial pressure, and the abrupt appearance of a bluish, bulging ascending aorta establishes the diagnosis. Survival is enhanced if cardiopulmonary bypass is promptly discontinued, aortic cannulation established, and bypass reinstituted with the induction of profound hypothermia. Circulatory arrest may then be employed to repair the false passage. In this series the proposed operation was completed in all six patients.
Heparin effect on blood viscosity
Authors: Ruggiero H. A. , Castellanos H. , Caprissi L. F. , Caprissi E. S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe effect of heparin on blood viscosity was investigated in a group of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and preinfarction angina (PA), whose blood viscosity was elevated. Viscosity was measured with Cannon, Fenske, and Routine viscometers. Kinematic viscosity, bath and whole blood, plasma, and serum viscosity were determined as well as dependent parameters (fibrinogen, serum proteins, number of platelets, and hematocrit). All of them were found to increase, and it was significantly proved that intravenous heparin immediately decreased plasma viscosity, but has a lesser effect on serum and whole blood viscosity. A dose of 1 cc = 50 mg = 5000 IU intravenous heparin, will maintain this decrease for a month. In our four‐week study, 1 cc i.v. heparin was administered at 6‐hour intervals for the first 2 weeks, and 2 cc heparin subcutaneous injections were administered at 12‐hour intervals for the next 2 weeks. We found that heparin also decreased fibrinogen, hematocrit, serum alpha2 globulin, and number of platelets. Hyperviscosity, hypercoagulability, and the increase of platelet adhesiveness are some of the most important physiopathological alterations of AMI and PA. The decrease of blood viscosity due to heparin is one of the most important and beneficial effects of it in this pathology.
Coronary spasm associated with urticaria: Report of a case mimicking anaphylaxis
Authors: Bristow M. R. , Ginsburg R. , Kantrowitz N. E. , Baim D.S. , Rosenbaum J. T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent investigations suggest that the vasoactive substances, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane A2 are mediators of coronary artery spasm. These substances may be released during an episode of urticaria. We report here a case of coronary artery spasm associated with an episode of acute urticaria. The coronary spasm may have been mediated by the vasoactive substances released from basophils and secondary platelet aggregation, known to occur with urticaria.
Patient profile and follow‐up in medically and surgically treated elderly adults with myocardial infarction
Authors: Yamour B. , McMartin D. , Masden R. , Sohi G. , Gralnick D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe followed 23 elderly patients (age 75 years or older) with previous myocardial infarctions for an average of 22.4 months after cardiac catheterization. The mortality rate for the medically treated patients was 13%, and 28% for the surgically treated patients. Improvement in anginal symptoms over the follow‐up period from the time of catheterization for the entire group was 50%. However, 100% of the surviving surgically treated patients were symptomatically improved with a mean improvement of 1.6 New York Heart Association functional class levels. The medically treated patients remained unchanged in their functional activity level. Catheterization mortality and morbidity were both zero in this group of 23 elderly patients.
A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia with ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Olsson S. B. , Edvardsson N. , Emanuelsson H. , Eneström S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA case of repeated attacks of ventricular fibrillation is described. The patient suffered from an arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) documented by right and left ventriculograms and myocardial biopsies obtained during surgical treatment of the arrhythmia. The histological changes were interpreted as being signs of fresh myocardial damage of unknown origin in addition to a replacement of the normal myocardium by adipose and fibrotic tissue. The repeated attacks of ventricular fibrillation in this patient contrast to the arrhythmia spectrum noted in the available literature on ARVD, mostly stable chronic ventricular tachycardias.
Acquired nonsurgical complete atrioventricular block in a child with endocardial cushion defect
Authors: Mehta A. V. , O'Riordan A. C. , Sanchez G. R. , Black I. F. S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAcquired nonsurgical complete atrioventricular block is uncommon in children. We report an 11‐year‐old asymptomatic girl with endocardial cushion defect who gradually developed progressive conduction abnormality and complete atrioventricular block prior to open heart surgery. To our knowledge, a gradual progressive, nonsurgical, acquired atrioventricular block in endocardial cushion defect has not been described before. This report discusses the possible pathogenesis of acquired nonsurgical complete atrioventricular block in endocardial cushion defect and reviews the literature.
Prediction of in‐hospital ventricular fibrillation from admission data in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Flugelman M. Y. , Hasin Y. , Tur‐Caspa I. , Friedlander Y. , Gotsman M. S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe studied retrospectively 26 readily obtainable clinical and electrocardiographic variables in 22 consecutive patients who experienced primary ventricular fibrillation in association with an episode of acute myocardial infarction. Twenty‐eight consecutive patients who had an uncomplicated course after acute myocardial infarction served as controls. The clinical profile of the two groups was similar except that patients who had primary ventricular fibrillation smoked more and had a higher peak creatinine phosphokinase level at the time of infarction. The data was evaluated using univariate and stepwise logistic regression analysis. This analysis demonstrated that patients who developed primary ventricular fibrillation had, on admission (1) more evidence of congestive heart failure (Killip classification), (2) a lower diastolic blood pressure, (3) greater ST‐segment elevation, (4) a longer QTc interval, and (5) a less distinguishable J point on the electrocardiogram. This method of logistic analysis that utilizes easily obtainable hospital admission data serves as a preliminary model for prediction of the relative risk of primary ventricular fibrillation in a patient with acute myocardial infarction. The ability to identify patients at risk has important therapeutic implications.
Isolated tricuspid stenosis: Report of a case submitted to valvar commissurotomy
Authors: Schlesinger P. , Benchimol C. B. , Lopes A. S. , Barbosa J. , Jasbik W. , Benchimol A. B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this report, a rare case of tricuspid stenosis uncomplicated by other valve lesions is presented, with clinical, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and angiographic studies. The patient was markedly incapacitated, mostly as a result of a restricted cardiac output. Tricuspid commissurotomy was performed, with a stenotic deformity of a bicuspid atrioventricular valve, probably of congenital origin, found at surgery. Considerable improvement was observed, notwithstanding the persistence of some signs of residual tricuspid obstruction as a result of an incomplete commissurotomy, to avoid increasing the slight degree of preexistent valvar regurgitation.
Heparin effect on plasma fibrinogen in the thrombophilic syndrome
Authors: Ruggiero H. A. , Castellanos H. , Caprissi L. F. , De Caprissi E. S. , Ruggiero L. H. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe effects of heparin were studied in a group of 42 patients with preinfarction angina (PA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) whose plasma fibrinogen was increased. Plasma fibrinogen was measured by the turbidimetric method in timol turbidimetric units. Statistically significant results proved that heparin reduces the plasma fibrinogen progressively over a treatment period of 6 weeks. During the first three weeks a dose of 1 cc (50 mg or 5000 IU) was given by intravenous injection at 6‐h intervals, this was followed by a dose of 2 cc (100 mg or 10,000 IU) given by subcutaneous injection at 12‐h intervals for a further three weeks. Hyperfibrinogenemia is perhaps one of the most important factors in the thrombophilic syndrome, and at the same time it is one of the fundamental physiopathological alterations observed in AMI and PA. Because heparin reduces hyperfibrinogenemia it has a beneficial effect in these diseases.
Penetration of netilmicin into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscular tissue of patients undergoing heart surgery
Authors: Just H.‐M. , Eschenbruch E. , Schmuziger M. , Daschner F. D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn 57 patients undergoing heart surgery concentrations of netilmicin in plasma, heart valves, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue were determined after a 5 min intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Within 8 h netilmicin serum concentration declined from 3 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. In heart valves the concentrations during heart surgery were high enough to inhibit most staphylococci, Klebisiella, Enterobacter and Escherichia coli strains. No different serum and tissue concentrations in patients with and without extracorporal circulation could be found.
Iatrogenic postoperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Nakhjavan F. K. , Yazdanfar S. , Bhasin V. , Goldberg H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 56‐year‐old female, who underwent aortocoronary bypass graft for occlusion of anterior descending artery is reported, who postoperatively developed a harsh systolic murmur, mitral regurgitation, and intraventricular systolic pressure gradient suggestive of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. The above findings were due to the administration of dobutamine hydrochloride for hypotension in association with afterload reduction (intra‐aortic balloon pumping) and disappeared almost immediately after left ventriculography (volume load).
Noninvasive recognition of the parchment right ventricle (Uhl's anomaly arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia) syndrome
Authors: Gaffney F. A. , Nicod P. , Lin J. C. , Rude R. E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe case of a 53‐year‐old man with right heart failure, selective enlargement of the right‐sided cardiac chambers, and recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia is presented. Echocardiographic, radionuclide ventriculographic, and angiographic studies were typical of the right ventricular abnormalities in Uhl's anomaly; electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic findings were those of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Features of this unusual cause of cardiac failure and ventricular arrhythmias in the adult are reviewed, and compared to previous reports of both Uhl's anomaly and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. We postulate that these two syndromes are manifestations of a single, presumably congenital, pathophysiologic process—the “parchment right ventricle” syndrome.
Fetal cardiac structure and function as studied by ultrasound
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. , Stewart P. A. , Vosters R. P. L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPresent combined two‐dimensional real‐time and M‐mode echocardiograph systems allow detailed analysis of fetal cardiac structure and function. Standard scanning planes for systematic investigation of various cardiac structures are described. There is a curvilinear increase in left ventricular volume (Qlv), stroke volume (Qlvs), and output Q'lv) during the last trimester of pregnancy with a mean Q'lv value at term of 126±11 ml/kg/min. Scanning for cardiac defects should preferably be done between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation. In a total of 444 patients referred to our ultrasound unit for ultrasonic analysis of fetal cardiac structure, a total of 13 cardiac defects were diagnosed. The incidence of structural cardiac defects present among those with fetal dysrhythmia was 15%.
Exercise testing in the latent phase of chagas' disease
Authors: Pereira M. H. B. , Brito F. S. , Ambrose J. A. , Pereira C. B. , Levi G. C. , Neto V. A. , Martinez E. E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractExercise stress testing was performed in 50 completely asymptomatic patients in the latent phase of Chagas' disease. In 32 (64%) abnormalities were found consisting of either abnormal ST depression, exercise‐induced arrhythmias, or chronotropic incompetence. The latter was determined by comparing the heart rate response to 50 age‐ and sex‐matched control patients without serologic evidence of Chagas' disease. In the absence of an adequate control population we can only speculate as to the significance of the ST depression and arrhythmias during exercise. However, chronotropic incompetence may be a specific marker for Trypanosomal infestation in an endemic area. It probably is an early manifestation of autonomic dysfunction secondary to Chagas' disease.
Q‐ Versus non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction: Clinical characteristics and 6‐month prognosis
Authors: Lekakis J. , Katsoyanni K. , Trichopoulos D. , Tsitouris G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA prospective study of 208 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction was undertaken to determine the differences between Q‐ and non‐Q‐wave infarction, concerning data from the history, clinical course, and 6‐month follow‐up. There were 177 patients with Q‐wave infarction and 31 patients with non‐Q‐wave infarction. There were no significant differences for the following variables: age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, positive family history, hypertension, obesity, previous infarction, history of unstable angina, heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Killip class in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), arrhythmias and conduction defects in the CCU as well as drugs used. Patients with non‐Q wave infarction had a higher incidence of stable angina before the myocardial infarction and a lower value of creatine kinase (CK) and serum glutamic oxalacetic transferase (SGOT). During the 6‐month follow‐up, 9 cardiac deaths and 17 reinfarctions occurred, while 74 patients presented angina. There were no differences between the two groups concerning the incidence of cardiac death or angina, but patients with non‐Q‐wave infarction had a higher incidence of reinfarction at 6 months (p < 0.001).We conclude that although patients with non‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction have a lesser degree of myocardial damage, they have a high incidence of early reinfarction which puts them in a high‐risk group.
Chronic traumatic tricuspid insufficiency
Authors: Sheikhzadeh A. , Langbehn A. F. , Ghabusi P. , Hakim CH , Wendler G. , Tarbiat S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIsolated tricuspid insufficiency (TI) is relatively uncommon and mostly of traumatic origin. We report clinical noninvasive and invasive findings and surgical results in 5 cases. All patients had complete clinical, noninvasive and invasive studies including right and left catheterization, and coronary angiographies in 3 patients. All but 1 patient had nonpenetrating trauma. All had large jugular V waves, right precordial impulse, systolic liver pulse, positive Carvallo sign documented also by noninvasive techniques. Right heart failure was present in 3 patients. Chest x‐ray showed prominent right atrium and distended vena cavae. Electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm in 4 patients and atrial fibrillation in 1. Two patients had right bundle‐branch block, and 2 presented RSR'‐pattern. Echocardiogram showed large right atrium (RA) (6–10 cm), floppy tricuspid valve (TV) in all, dilated right ventricle (RV) in 2 patients. Findings of left heart were normal in all. Three patients had right‐to‐left shunt. In RA A waves were 4–8, Y waves 1–3, and V waves 12–22 mmHg, respectively (mean RV and PA pressures were 23/3 and 23/10 mmHg, respectively). Four patients had anuloplasty, 2 of them repair of valve and chordae. Surgical results were good in 2 patients with valve repair, satisfactory in 1; there was significant TI resistance in 1 case. We conclude that TI has distinctive clinical findings and must be ruled out in all patients with chest trauma. Surgery must include not only anuloplasty, but, cusps and chordae must also be evaluated and reconstructed if necessary.
Comparison of exercise blood pressure measured by technician and an automated system
Authors: Garcia‐Gregory J. A. , Jackson A. S. , Studeville J. , Squires W. G. , Owen C. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the automated system Blood Pressure Measuring System (BPMS) developed by NASA on 277 adult males who elected to have a treadmill test as part of their annual physical. The BPMS uses acoustic transduction with a computer‐assisted ECG gating to detect nonsynchronous noise. The BPMS readings were compared to pressures simultaneously measured by trained technicians. For all stages of work, BPMS readings were higher for systolic and lower for diastolic than technician readings. At peak stages of work, BPMS systolic pressures were about 20 mmHg higher than technician readings. Within each 3‐min workstage, BPMS readings were found to be more inconsistent than technician readings. The standard errors of measurement for BPMS were from two to three times higher than technician values. These data showed automated blood pressure readings were significantly different than technician values and subject to more random fluctuations. These findings demonstrate the need to view exercise blood pressure measured by automated systems with caution.
Human coronary laser recanalization
Authors: Choy D. S. J. , Stertzer S. H. , Myler R. K. , Marco J. , Fournial G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFive patients undergoing distal saphenous vein bypass had an attempt at intraoperative laser vaporization of a proximal coronary stenosis. Laser treatment of three patients was technically successful. One patient's successfully treated native vessel was competing with the graft at angiographic restudy 25 days after the procedure. This first human intraoperative laser recanalization trial generated questions regarding the energy source, power parameters, and catheter modifications required for satisfactory clinical laser therapy. The trial is directing future experiments toward more efficient and complete laser vaporization of atherosclerotic plaques in the human coronary vasculature.
Echocardiographic assessment of the inferior vena cava wall motion for studies of right heart dynamics and function
Authors: Gullace G. , Savoia M. T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractUsing subcostal echocardiography, 97 patients with diseases involving the right side of the heart and 15 normal subjects were examined in order to study the inferior vena cava (IVC) wall motion. All cases had a diagnostic cardiac catheterization and routine echocardiogram. The jugular pulse (JP) was recorded in 35 random cases contemporary to the IVC and tricuspid valve (TV) tracings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the variations of the IVC diameters in different cardiopathies and in relation to the right atrial mean pressure and the time‐relationship of the IVC wall motion related to the cardiac rhythm and cycle, respiratory events, and JP and TV waves. The a, b, v, and y waves were identified on the IVC tracings and related to the respective waves of the JP and the points of closure and opening of the TV. The IVC a and v waves were coincident with the TV closure and opening, and therefore, considered as moments of maximal presystolic and systolic filling of the IVC. The JP a wave inscribed before, whereas the v wave did so after the same IVC waves, respectively. The IVC a wave was due to the atrial contraction and influenced by the cardiac rhythm. The emptying index (EI) was calculated from the diameters in a and b as a – b/a × %, whereas the collapsability index (CI) was calculated from the expiratory and inspiratory diameters as Ex – In/Ex × %, obtaining a good correlation with the right atrial mean pressure. Finally, the percentage systolic pulsation (SP) was calculated from the diameters in b and v as b – v/b × %. The indices of function of the IVC have been very useful in the evaluation of patients with raised heart pressure, tricuspid regurgitation, and pericardial effusion. From the present investigation it results that the IVC wall motion, more so than the JP waves, is an expression of right atrial and ventricular events, and that the above indices are an expression of the atrial and ventricular function in relation to the hemodynamic situation.