bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving NWP Model Cloud Forecasts Using Meteosat Second-Generation Imagery
Authors: van der Veen Siebe H. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The cloud mask of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is a nowcasting Satellite Application Facility (SAF) that is used to improve initial cloudiness in the High-Resolution Limited-Area Model (HIRLAM). This cloud mask is based on images from the Meteorological Satellite (Meteosat) Second Generation (MSG) satellite. The quality of the SAF cloud mask appeared to be better than initial HIRLAM clouds in 84% of the cases. Forecasts have been performed for about a week in each of the four seasons during 2009 and 2010. Better initial clouds in HIRLAM always lead to better cloud predictions. Verification of forecasts showed that the positive impact is still present after 24 h in 59% of the cases. This is remarkable, because initial dynamics was kept unchanged. The magnitude of the positive impact on cloud predictions is more or less proportional to the initial cloud improvement, and it decreases with forecast length. Also, forecast 2-m temperatures are affected by initial clouds. The generally positive bias of the 2-m temperature errors becomes a few tenths of a degree larger during the night but it decreases a comparable amount during daylight, because MSG tends to increase the cloud amounts in HIRLAM. The standard deviation of the errors often improves slightly in the first part of the forecast, indicating that forecast temperatures correlate better with observations when MSG is used for initialization. For longer lead times, however, standard deviations deteriorate a few tenths of a degree in seven of the eight verification periods, which all had a length of about a week.
No Differences in Prevalence of Osteoarthritis or Function After Open Versus Endoscopic Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Holm Inger , Øiestad Britt Elin , Risberg May Arna , Gunderson Ragnhild , Aune Arne Kristian 
Published: September 2012

Background: Although arthroscopic techniques are the most common procedures today when reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), many surgeons still prefer the open and/or 2-incision techniques. Hypothesis: There are no differences in knee function or prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in patients who have undergone the open versus endoscopic technique for ACL reconstruction using the patellar tendon autograft. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with subacute or chronic rupture of the ACL were randomly assigned to open (OPEN) (n = 33) or endoscopic (ENDO) (n = 34) reconstruction. Function was evaluated by the Cincinnati knee score, single-legged hop tests, and isokinetic muscle strength tests. The radiographs were classified according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) classification system, defining grade 2 or more as the cutoff point for knee OA. The Insall-Salvati ratio and the Blackburne-Peel ratio were used to calculate the patellar position and height. Results: Mean age at inclusion and at the 12-year follow-up evaluation was 27.9 ± 8.6 and 39.8 ± 8.6 years, respectively. At 12-year follow-up, 53 patients (79%) were eligible for evaluation. There were no significant differences between the 2 surgical procedures with respect to the pain, function, muscle strength, hop tests, patellar height, or the prevalence of OA. The prevalence of OA was high in the tibiofemoral joint on the operated side, 79% and 80% in the OPEN and ENDO groups, respectively. For the uninvolved knee, the corresponding numbers were 36% and 21%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the open procedure does not produce more functional problems or osteoarthritis compared with the endoscopic technique up to 12 years postoperatively.
Restoration of Shoulder Biomechanics According to Degree of Repair Completion in a Cadaveric Model of Massive Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Oh Joo Han , McGarry Michelle H. , Jun Bong Jae , Gupta Akash , Chung Kyung Chil , Hwang James , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: September 2012

Background: Complete repair in massive rotator cuff tear may not be possible, allowing for only partial repair. However, the effect of partial repair on glenohumeral biomechanics has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the rotational range of motion (ROM), glenohumeral kinematics, and gap formation at the repaired tendon edge following massive cuff tear and repair according to the degree of repair completion. Hypothesis: Posterior fixation will restore the altered biomechanics of massive rotator cuff tear. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested at 0°, 30°, and 60° of abduction in the scapular plane. Muscle loading was applied based on physiological muscle cross-sectional area ratios. Maximum internal (MaxIR) and external rotations (MaxER) were measured. Humeral head apex (HHA) position and gap formation at the repaired tendon edge were measured using a MicroScribe from MaxIR to MaxER in 30° increments. Testing was performed for intact, massive cuff tear, complete repair, and 4 types of partial repair. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences. Results: Massive tear significantly increased ROM and shifted HHA superiorly in MaxIR at all abduction angles ( P < .05). The complete repair restored ROM to intact ( P < .05), while all partial repairs did not. Abnormal HHA elevation due to massive tear was restored by all repairs ( P < .05). Release of the anterior single row alone and release of the marginal convergence significantly increased gap formation at the anterior tendon edge ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of anterior fixation in massive cuff tear to restore rotational range of motion and decrease gap formation at the repaired tendon edge and of posterior fixation to restore abnormal glenohumeral kinematics due to massive cuff tear. Clinical Relevance: If complete repair of massive cuff tear is not possible, posterior cuff (infraspinatus) repair is necessary to restore abnormal glenohumeral kinematics, and margin convergence anteriorly is recommended to decrease gap formation of the repaired tendon edge, which may provide a better biomechanical environment for healing.
Atypical prediagnosis Epstein-Barr virus serology restricted to EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Levin Lynn I. , Chang Ellen T. , Ambinder Richard F. , Lennette Evelyne T. , Rubertone Mark V. , Mann Risa B. , Borowitz Michael , Weir Edward G. , Abbondanzo Susan L. , Mueller Nancy E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn altered anti–Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serologic profile preceding diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. It is unknown whether this atypical pattern predicts Hodgkin lymphoma risk further subdivided by determination of EBV in tumor cells. A nested case-control study of 128 incident Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 368 matched controls from active-duty military personnel with archived serum in the US Department of Defense Serum Repository was conducted to determine whether a panel of anti-EBV antibody titers differed in EBV+ and EBV− Hodgkin lymphoma. Among 40 EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma cases and matched controls, statistically significant increased risks were associated with elevated anti-EBV VCA IgG antibody titers (relative risk = 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.7), and an anti–EBNA-1/anti–EBNA-2 antibody ratio ≤ 1.0 versus > 1.0 (relative risk = 4.7; 95% CI, 1.6-13.8). In contrast, no significant associations were found among 88 EBV− Hodgkin lymphoma cases relative to their matched controls. In case-case analysis, EBV+ disease was significantly associated with a low anti–EBNA-1/anti–EBNA-2 antibody ratio. This distinc-tive serologic response to EBV latent antigens, indicative of immune dysfunction in other clinical settings, is associated with an increased risk of developing EBV+ but not EBV− Hodgkin lymphoma.
Structural basis of CBP/p300 recruitment in leukemia induction by E2A-PBX1
Authors: Denis Christopher M. , Chitayat Seth , Plevin Michael J. , Wang Feng , Thompson Patrick , Liu Shuang , Spencer Holly L. , Ikura Mitsuhiko , LeBrun David P. , Smith Steven P. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
E-proteins are critical transcription factors in B-cell lymphopoiesis. E2A, 1 of 3 E-protein–encoding genes, is implicated in the induction of acute lymphoblastic leukemia through its involvement in the chromosomal translocation 1;19 and consequent expression of the E2A-PBX1 oncoprotein. An interaction involving a region within the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of E2A-PBX1, termed the PCET motif, which has previously been implicated in E-protein silencing, and the KIX domain of the transcriptional coactivator CBP/p300, critical for leukemogenesis. However, the structural details of this interaction remain unknown. Here we report the structure of a 1:1 complex between PCET motif peptide and the KIX domain. Residues throughout the helical PCET motif that contact the KIX domain are important for both binding KIX and bone marrow immortalization by E2A-PBX1. These results provide molecular insights into E-protein–driven differentiation of B-cells and the mechanism of E-protein silencing, and reveal the PCET/KIX interaction as a therapeutic target for E2A-PBX1–induced leukemia.
Inactivation of ribosomal protein L22 promotes transformation by induction of the stemness factor, Lin28B
Authors: Rao Shuyun , Lee Sang-Yun , Gutierrez Alejandro , Perrigoue Jacqueline , Thapa Roshan J. , Tu Zhigang , Jeffers John R. , Rhodes Michele , Anderson Stephen , Oravecz Tamas , Hunger Stephen P. , Timakhov Roman A. , Zhang Rugang , Balachandran Siddharth , Zambetti Gerard P. , Testa Joseph R. , Look A. Thomas , Wiest David L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Ribosomal protein (RP) mutations in diseases such as 5q− syndrome both disrupt hematopoiesis and increase the risk of developing hematologic malignancy. However, the mechanism by which RP mutations increase cancer risk has remained an important unanswered question. We show here that monoallelic, germline inactivation of the ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22) predisposes T-lineage progenitors to transformation. Indeed, RPL22 was found to be inactivated in ∼ 10% of human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Moreover, monoallelic loss of Rpl22 accelerates development of thymic lymphoma in both a mouse model of T-cell malignancy and in acute transformation assays in vitro. We show that Rpl22 inactivation enhances transformation potential through induction of the stemness factor, Lin28B. Our finding that Rpl22 inactivation promotes transformation by inducing expression of Lin28B provides the first insight into the mechanistic basis by which mutations in Rpl22, and perhaps some other RP genes, increases cancer risk.
Role of the microenvironment in mantle cell lymphoma: IL-6 is an important survival factor for the tumor cells
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yang Jing , Qian Jianfei , Li Haiyan , Romaguera Jorge E. , Kwak Larry W. , Wang Michael , Yi Qing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma frequently involved in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. We examined the role of IL-6 in MCL. Human MCL cells expressed the membrane gp130 and soluble gp80, and some of them also secreted IL-6. Neutralizing autocrine IL-6 and/or blocking IL-6 receptors in IL-6+/gp80+ MCL cells inhibited cell growth, enhanced the rate of spontaneous apoptosis, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. For IL-6− or gp80low MCL cells, paracrine or exogenous IL-6 or gp80 protected the cells from stress-induced death. Knockdown of gp80 in gp80high MCL cells rendered the cells more sensitive to chemotherapy drugs, even in the presence of exogenous IL-6. In contrast, overexpression of gp80 in gp80low/IL-6+ MCL cells protected the cells from chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis in vitro and compromised the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in vivo. IL-6 activated the Jak2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways in MCL, and the inhibition of these pathways completely or partially abrogated IL-6–mediated protection of MCL cells. Hence, our study identifies IL-6 as a key cytokine for MCL growth and survival and suggests that targeting the IL-6 pathway may be a novel way to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in MCL patients.
Regulating type 1 IFN effects in CD8 T cells during viral infections: changing STAT4 and STAT1 expression for function
Authors: Gil M. Pilar , Ploquin Mickaël J. Y. , Watford Wendy T. , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Kwangsin , Wang Xin , Kanno Yuka , O'Shea John J. , Biron Christine A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Type 1 IFNs can conditionally activate all of the signal transducers and activators of transcription molecules (STATs), including STAT4. The best-characterized signaling pathways use STAT1, however, and type 1 IFN inhibition of cell proliferation is STAT1 dependent. We report that type 1 IFNs can basally stimulate STAT1- and STAT4-dependent effects in CD8 T cells, but that CD8 T cells responding to infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus have elevated STAT4 and lower STAT1 expression with significant consequences for modifying the effects of type 1 IFN exposure. The phenotype was associated with preferential type 1 IFN activation of STAT4 compared with STAT1. Stimulation through the TCR induced elevated STAT4 expression, and STAT4 was required for peak expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells, low STAT1 levels, and resistance to type 1 IFN-mediated inhibition of proliferation. Thus, a mechanism is discovered for regulating the consequences of type 1 IFN exposure in CD8 T cells, with STAT4 acting as a key molecule in driving optimal antigen-specific responses and overcoming STAT1-dependent inhibition of proliferation.
ADAMTS13 deficiency exacerbates VWF-dependent acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Gandhi Chintan , Motto David G. , Jensen Melissa , Lentz Steven R. , Chauhan Anil K. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies suggest that elevated VWF levels and reduced ADAMTS13 activity in the plasma are risk factors for myocardial infarction. However, it remains unknown whether the ADAMTS13-VWF axis plays a causal role in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ADAMTS13 reduces VWF-mediated acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Infarct size, neutrophil infiltration, and myocyte apoptosis in the left ventricular area were quantified after 30 minutes of ischemia and 23.5 hours of reperfusion injury. Adamts13−/− mice exhibited significantly larger infarcts concordant with increased neutrophil infiltration and myocyte apoptosis compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, Vwf−/− mice exhibited significantly reduced infarct size, neutrophil infiltration, and myocyte apoptosis compared with WT mice, suggesting a detrimental role for VWF in myocardial I/R injury. Treating WT or Adamts13−/− mice with neutralizing Abs to VWF significantly reduced infarct size compared with control Ig–treated mice. Finally, myocardial I/R injury in Adamts13−/−/Vwf−/− mice was similar to that in Vwf−/− mice, suggesting that the exacerbated myocardial I/R injury observed in the setting of ADAMTS13 deficiency is VWF dependent. These findings reveal that ADAMTS13 and VWF are causally involved in myocardial I/R injury.
High-throughput polymorphism detection and genotyping in Brassica napus using next-generation RAD sequencing
Authors: Bus Anja , Hecht Jochen , Huettel Bruno , Reinhardt Richard , Stich Benjamin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
The complex genome of rapeseed (Brassica napus) is not well understood despite the economic importance of the species. Good knowledge of sequence variation is needed for genetics approaches and breeding purposes. We used a diversity set of B. napus representing eight different germplasm types to sequence genome-wide distributed restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) fragments for polymorphism detection and genotyping.

Results
More than 113,000 RAD clusters with more than 20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 125 insertions/deletions were detected and characterized. About one third of the RAD clusters and polymorphisms mapped to the Brassica rapa reference sequence. An even distribution of RAD clusters and polymorphisms was observed across the B. rapa chromosomes, which suggests that there might be an equal distribution over the Brassica oleracea chromosomes, too. The representation of Gene Ontology (GO) terms for unigenes with RAD clusters and polymorphisms revealed no signature of selection with respect to the distribution of polymorphisms within genes belonging to a specific GO category.

Conclusions
Considering the decreasing costs for next-generation sequencing, the results of our study suggest that RAD sequencing is not only a simple and cost-effective method for high-density polymorphism detection but also an alternative to SNP genotyping from transcriptome sequencing or SNP arrays, even for species with complex genomes such as B. napus.
In depth comparison of an individual’s DNA and its lymphoblastoid cell line using whole genome sequencing
Authors: Nickles Dorothee , Madireddy Lohith , Yang Shan , Khankhanian Pouya , Lincoln Steve , Hauser Stephen L , Oksenberg Jorge R , Baranzini Sergio E 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
A detailed analysis of whole genomes can be now achieved with next generation sequencing. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) transformation is a widely used strategy in clinical research to obtain an unlimited source of a subject’s DNA. Although the mechanism of transformation and immortalization by EBV is relatively well known at the transcriptional and proteomic level, the genetic consequences of EBV transformation are less well understood. A detailed analysis of the genetic alterations introduced by EBV transformation is highly relevant, as it will inform on the usefulness and limitations of this approach.

Results
We used whole genome sequencing to assess the genomic signature of a low-passage lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). Specifically, we sequenced the full genome (40X) of an individual using DNA purified from fresh whole blood as well as DNA from his LCL. A total of 217.33 Gb of sequence were generated from the cell line and 238.95 Gb from the normal genomic DNA. We determined with high confidence that 99.2% of the genomes were identical, with no reproducible changes in structural variation (chromosomal rearrangements and copy number variations) or insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that, at this level of resolution, the LCL is genetically indistinguishable from its genomic counterpart and therefore their use in clinical research is not likely to introduce a significant bias.
Anxiety symptoms among Chinese nurses and the associated factors: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gao Yu-Qin , Pan Bo-Chen , Sun Wei , Wu Hui , Wang Jia-Na , Wang Lie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Nurses are an indispensable component of the work force in the health care system. However, many of them are known to work in a stressful environment which may affect their mental well-being; the situation could be worse in rapidly transforming societies such as China. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety symptoms and the associated factors in Chinese nurses working in public city hospitals.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed for Chinese nurses in public city hospitals of Liaoning Province, northeast China. Seven hospitals in different areas of the province were randomly selected for the study. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Effort-reward imbalance questionnaire and Job Content Questionnaire were used to assess the work stressors. Univariate analysis and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify the factors associated with anxiety symptoms.

Results
All registered nurses in the seven city hospitals, totaling 1807 registered nurses were surveyed. Of the returned questionnaires, 1437 were valid (79.5%) for analysis. Utilizing the total raw score ≥ 40 as the cut-off point, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in these nurses was 43.4%. Demographic factors (education, chronic disease and life event), lifestyle factors (regular meals and physical exercise), work conditions (hospital grade, job rank, monthly salary, nurse-patient relationships, job satisfaction and intention of leaving), job content (social support and decision latitude), effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment were all significantly related to the anxiety symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed main factors associated with anxiety symptoms were lower job rank (OR 2.501), overcommitment (OR 2.018), chronic diseases (OR 1.541), worse nurse-patient relationship (OR 1.434), higher social support (OR 0.573), lower hospital grade (OR 0.629), taking regular meals (OR 0.719) and higher level of job satisfaction (OR 0.722).

Conclusions
A large proportion of Chinese nurses working in public city hospitals had anxiety symptoms, which warrants immediate investigation and intervention from the hospital administrators. Meanwhile, results of the study suggest that proper counseling, promotion of healthy lifestyle behavior and improvements to the social environment in the work place may be helpful toward reducing or preventing the anxiety symptoms.
Antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activities of daphne gnidium leaf extracts
Authors: Chaabane Fadwa , Boubaker Jihed , Loussaif Amira , Neffati Aicha , Kilani-Jaziri Somaya , Ghedira Kamel , Chekir-Ghedira Leila 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Plants play a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the quality of human life. They serve humans well as valuable components of food, as well as in cosmetics, dyes, and medicines. In fact, many plant extracts prepared from plants have been shown to exert biological activity in vitro and in vivo. The present study explored antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of Daphne gnidium leaf extracts.

Methods
The genotoxic potential of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and total oligomer flavonoid (TOF) enriched extracts from leaves of Daphne gnidium, was assessed using Escherichia coli PQ37. Likewise, the antigenotoxicity of the same extracts was tested using the “SOS chromotest test”. Antioxidant activities were studied using non enzymatic and enzymatic method: NBT/Riboflavine and xantine oxidase.

Results
None of the different extracts produced a genotoxic effect, except TOF extract at the lowest tested dose. Our results showed that D. gnidium leaf extracts possess an antigenotoxic effect against the nitrofurantoin a mutagen of reference. Ethyl acetate and TOF extracts were the most effective in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity. While, methanol extract was the most potent superoxide scavenger when tested with the NBT/Riboflavine assay.

Conclusions
The present study has demonstrated that D. gnidium leaf extract possess antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects. These activities could be ascribed to compounds like polyphenols and flavonoid. Further studies are required to isolate the active molecules.