bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficient Leptin Signaling Ameliorates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Lesions in MRL/Mp-Faslpr Mice
Authors: Fujita Yoshimasa , Fujii Takao , Mimori Tsuneyo , Sato Tomomi , Nakamura Takuji , Iwao Haruka , Nakajima Akio , Miki Miyuki , Sakai Tomoyuki , Kawanami Takafumi , Tanaka Masao , Masaki Yasufumi , Fukushima Toshihiro , Okazaki Toshiro , Umehara Hisanori 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Leptin is secreted by adipocytes, the placenta, and the stomach. It not only controls appetite through leptin receptors in the hypothalamus, it also regulates immunity. In the current study, we produced leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice to investigate the potential role of leptin in autoimmunity. C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice were backcrossed with MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice, which develop human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like lesions. The effects of leptin deficiency on various SLE-like manifestations were investigated in MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice. The regulatory T cell population in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the effects of leptin on regulatory T cells and Th17 cells were evaluated in vitro. Compared with leptin-producing MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice, leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice showed less marked splenomegaly and a particularly low population of CD3+CD4−CD8−B220+ T cells (lpr cells). Their serum concentrations of Abs to dsDNA were lower, and renal histological changes at age 20 wk were ameliorated. Regulatory T cells were increased in the spleens of leptin-deficient MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice. Leptin suppressed regulatory T cells and enhanced Th17 cells in vitro. In conclusion, blockade of leptin signaling may be of therapeutic benefit in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
Attenuation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Induced and RIG-I–Dependent Type I IFN Responses in Human Neonates and Very Young Children
Authors: Marr Nico , Wang Ting-I , Kam Sarah H. Y. , Hu Yuan Shen , Sharma Ashish A. , Lam Angie , Markowski Joy , Solimano Alfonso , Lavoie Pascal M. , Turvey Stuart E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Newborn infants, including those born at term without congenital disorders, are at high risk of severe disease from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Indeed, our current local surveillance data demonstrate that approximately half of children hospitalized with RSV were ≤3 mo old, and 74% were born at term. Informed by this clinical epidemiology, we investigated antiviral innate immune responses in early life, with the goal of identifying immunological factors underlying the susceptibility of infants and young children to severe viral lower respiratory tract infections. We compared RSV-induced innate cytokine production in blood mononuclear cells from neonates, young children aged 12–59 mo, and healthy adults. RSV-induced IFN-α production was primarily mediated by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and was significantly lower in term infants and young children &lt; 5 y of age than in adults (p &lt; 0.01). RSV-induced IFN-α production in human pDCs proceeded independently of endosomal TLRs, and human pDCs from healthy adult donors produced IFN-α in a retinoic acid–inducible gene I protein (RIG-I)–dependent manner. Of interest, young age and premature birth were independently associated with attenuated RIG-I–dependent IFN-α responses (p &lt; 0.01). In contrast to IFN-α production, proinflammatory IL-6 responses to RSV were mediated by monocytes, appeared less dependent on RIG-I, and were significantly impaired only among preterm infants, not in term infants and young children. Our results suggest that human pDCs are less functional in early life, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility of infants and young children to severe RSV disease.
C-Type Lectin Receptors Differentially Induce Th17 Cells and Vaccine Immunity to the Endemic Mycosis of North America
Authors: Wang Huafeng , LeBert Vanessa , Hung Chiung Yu , Galles Kevin , Saijo Shinobu , Lin Xin , Cole Garry T. , Klein Bruce S. , Wüthrich Marcel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Vaccine immunity to the endemic mycoses of North America requires Th17 cells, but the pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways that drive these protective responses have not been defined. We show that C-type lectin receptors exert divergent contributions to the development of antifungal Th17 cells and vaccine resistance against Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Coccidioides posadasii. Acquired immunity to B. dermatitidis requires Dectin-2, whereas vaccination against H. capsulatum and C. posadasii infection depends on innate sensing by Dectin-1 and Dectin-2, but not Mincle. Tracking Ag-specific T cells in vivo established that the Card9 signaling pathway acts indispensably and exclusively on differentiation of Th17 cells, while leaving intact their activation, proliferation, survival, and migration. Whereas Card9 signaling is essential, C-type lectin receptors offer distinct and divergent contributions to vaccine immunity against these endemic fungal pathogens. Our work provides new insight into innate immune mechanisms that drive vaccine immunity and Th17 cells.
Antibodies VRC01 and 10E8 Neutralize HIV-1 with High Breadth and Potency Even with Ig-Framework Regions Substantially Reverted to Germline
Authors: Georgiev Ivelin S. , Rudicell Rebecca S. , Saunders Kevin O. , Shi Wei , Kirys Tatsiana , McKee Krisha , O’Dell Sijy , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Yang Zhi-Yong , Ofek Gilad , Connors Mark , Mascola John R. , Nabel Gary J. , Kwong Peter D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Abs capable of effectively neutralizing HIV-1 generally exhibit very high levels of somatic hypermutation, both in their CDR and framework-variable regions. In many cases, full reversion of the Ab-framework mutations back to germline results in substantial to complete loss of HIV-1–neutralizing activity. However, it has been unclear whether all or most of the observed framework mutations would be necessary or whether a small subset of these mutations might be sufficient for broad and potent neutralization. To address this issue and to explore the dependence of neutralization activity on the level of somatic hypermutation in the Ab framework, we applied a computationally guided framework-reversion procedure to two broadly neutralizing anti–HIV-1 Abs, VRC01 and 10E8, which target two different HIV-1 sites of vulnerability. Ab variants in which up to 78% (38 of 49 for VRC01) and 89% (31 of 35 for 10E8) of framework mutations were reverted to germline retained breadth and potency within 3-fold of the mature Abs when evaluated on a panel of 21 diverse viral strains. Further, a VRC01 variant with an ∼50% framework-reverted L chain showed a 2-fold improvement in potency over the mature Ab. Our results indicate that only a small number of Ab-framework mutations may be sufficient for high breadth and potency of HIV-1 neutralization by Abs VRC01 and 10E8. Partial framework revertants of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing Abs may present advantages over their highly mutated counterparts as Ab therapeutics and as targets for immunogen design.
Progression Routes and Attainment in Occupational Therapy Education: The Impact of Background Characteristics
Authors: Watson Jo 
Published: January 2014

Introduction: United Kingdom government agendas promoting widening participation in higher education and diversification of the health and social care workforce have contributed to changing student profiles in pre-registration occupational therapy education. Sixty-seven percent of the 2005 intake was mature, and students increasingly enter with a range of ‘non-traditional’ academic backgrounds. A small body of evidence suggests that final degree marks are indistinguishable for occupational therapy students holding traditional and non-traditional entry qualifications, but none of these studies considered students unable to complete or the potential influence of socioeconomic background or gender. Method: The progression routes and academic achievements of 239 consenting occupational therapy students from a single programme were analysed using inferential statistics and binary logistic regressions to explore the influence of entry qualifications, age at entry, gender, and socioeconomic background. Findings: None of these characteristics had a statistically significant impact on graduates' final degree marks. The regressions, however, highlighted male gender and less privileged socioeconomic backgrounds as significant predictors of poorer outcomes regarding passing at Level 4, 5, and 6, and achievement of a ‘good’ (upper second or first class) honours degree. Conclusion: The findings raise important questions about how a profession that promotes social justice supports diversity amongst its own ranks.
Lead‐Free Perovskites with Photochromism and Reversed Thermochromism for Repeatable Information Writing and Erasing
Authors: Sheng Yuhang , Gui Qingfeng , Zhang Yi , Yang Xingru , Xing Fangjian , Liu Cihui , Di Yunsong , Wei Shibiao , Cao Guiyuan , Yang Xifeng , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Yushen , Gan Zhixing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, novel optical information writing strategies have been developed based on fluorescent change of halide perovskites generated by light induced structural transformation. However, to date, the repeatable writing and erasing of fluorescent patterns are still a major challenge. Herein, lead‐free Cs3InCl6:Sb3+ perovskite with photochromism and reversed thermochromism is developed for repeatable information writing and erasing. The original Cs3InCl6:Sb3+ perovskite synthesized by a modified hot‐injection method exhibits green photoluminescence (PL), which is caused by recombination of self‐trapped excitons. After treating with ultrasonication and heating, the green PL gradually turns to blue emission, which is related to surficial Cl vacancies that are generated or exposed due to the desorption of surfactants. Under continuous UV light irradiation, due to the photo repairing effect, the blue emission gradually vanishes, the fluorescent color recovers to green. Based on this photochromic effect, fluorescent patterns are drawn by UV exposure with mask. Moreover, the green PL color can again return to blue by heating at 100 °C. Thus, the photochromism‐induced fluorescent patterns can be simply erased based on the reversed thermochromism effect. Therefore, repeatable optical information writing and thermal erasure are demonstrated based on reversible PL change of Cs3InCl6:Sb3+.
In Situ Triggered Self‐Contraction Bioactive Microgel Assembly Accelerates Diabetic Skin Wound Healing by Activating Mechanotransduction and Biochemical Pathway
Authors: Xie Qingqiao , Yan Chenchen , Liu Guohui , Bian Liming , Zhang Kunyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChronic nonhealing skin wounds, characterized by reduced tissue contractility and inhibited wound cell survival under hyperglycemia and hypoxia, present a significant challenge in diabetic care. Here, an advanced self‐contraction bioactive core‐shell microgel assembly with robust tissue‐adhesion (SMART‐EXO) is introduced to expedite diabetic wound healing. The SMART‐EXO dressing exhibits strong, reversible adhesion to damaged tissue due to abundant hydrogen and dynamic coordination bonds. Additionally, the core‐shell microgel components and dynamic coordination bonds provide moderate rigidity, customizable self‐contraction, and an interlinked porous architecture. The triggered in situ self‐contraction of the SMART‐EXO dressing enables active, tunable wound contraction, activating mechanotransduction in the skin and promoting the optimal fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast conversion, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. Concurrently, the triggered contraction of SMART‐EXO facilitates efficient loading and on‐demand release of bioactive exosomes, contributing to re‐epithelialization and wound microenvironment regulation in diabetic mice. RNA‐seq results reveal the activation of critical signaling pathways associated with mechanosensing and exosome regulation, highlighting the combined biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms. These findings underscore SMART‐EXO as a versatile, adaptable solution to the complex challenges of diabetic wound care.
Ionic Photovoltaics‐in‐Memory in van der Waals Material
Authors: Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Pan Chen , Sun Yan , Zhou Jian , Yangdong Xingjian , Xu Xiang , Liu Lixin , Wang Haoyun , Chen Yunxin , Song Xingyu , Liu Pengbin , Zhou Xing , Liang Shi‐Jun , Miao Feng , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe photovoltaic effect is gaining growing attention in the optoelectronics field due to its low power consumption, sustainable nature, and high efficiency. However, the photovoltaic effects hitherto reported are hindered by the stringent band‐alignment requirement or inversion symmetry‐breaking, and are challenging for achieving multifunctional photovoltaic properties (such as reconfiguration, nonvolatility, and so on). Here, a novel ionic photovoltaic effect in centrosymmetric CdSb2Se3Br2 that can overcome these limitations is demonstrated. The photovoltaic effect displays significant anisotropy, with the photocurrent being most apparent along the CdBr2 chains while absent perpendicular to them. Additionally, the device shows electrically‐induced nonvolatile photocurrent switching characteristics. The photovoltaic effect is attributed to the modulation of the built‐in electric field through the migration of Br ions. Using these unique photovoltaic properties, a highly secure circuit with electrical and optical keys is successfully implemented. The findings not only broaden the understanding of the photovoltaic mechanism, but also provide a new material platform for the development of in‐memory sensing and computing devices.
Mitochondrial Transplantation Promotes Protective Effector and Memory CD4+ T Cell Response During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection and Diminishes Exhaustion and Senescence in Elderly CD4+ T cells
Authors: Headley Colwyn A. , Gautam Shalini , Olmo‐Fontanez Angelica , Garcia‐Vilanova Andreu , Dwivedi Varun , Schami Alyssa , Weintraub Susan , Tsao Philip S. , Torrelles Jordi B. , Turner Joanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is a major global health concern, particularly affecting those with weakened immune systems, including the elderly. CD4+ T cell response is crucial for immunity against M.tb, but chronic infections and aging can lead to T cell exhaustion and senescence, worsening TB disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction, prevalent in aging and chronic diseases, disrupts cellular metabolism, increases oxidative stress, and impairs T‐cell functions. This study investigates the effect of mitochondrial transplantation (mito‐transfer) on CD4+ T cell differentiation and function in aged mouse models and human CD4+ T cells from elderly individuals. Mito‐transfer in naïve CD4+ T cells is found to promote protective effector and memory T cell generation during M.tb infection in mice. Additionally, it improves elderly human T cell function by increasing mitochondrial mass and altering cytokine production, thereby reducing markers of exhaustion and senescence. These findings suggest mito‐transfer as a novel approach to enhance aged CD4+ T cell functionality, potentially benefiting immune responses in the elderly and chronic TB patients. This has broader implications for diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to T‐cell exhaustion and senescence.
Tunable Intracavity Coherent Up‐Conversion with Giant Nonlinearity in a Polar Fluidic Medium
Authors: Okada Daichi , Nishikawa Hiroya , Araoka Fumito 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study has demonstrated a novel microcavity‐based flexible photon up‐conversion system using second harmonic generation (SHG) from a polar nematic fluidic medium doped with a laser dye. The idea is based on coherent light generation via stimulated emission (lasing) and simultaneous frequency doubling inside a microcavity. The polar nematic fluid equips very high even‐order optical nonlinearity due to its polar symmetry and large dipole moment along the molecular long axis. At the same time, its inherent fluidic nature allows to easily functionalize the media just by doping, in the present case, with an emissive laser dye. The demonstrated system exhibits a giant nonlinear optical response to input light, while enabling spectral narrowing and multiple‐signal output of up‐converted light, which is not attainable through the simple SH‐conversion of input light. Furthermore, the susceptibility of the liquid crystal offers dynamic modulation capabilities by an external stimulus, such as signal switching by the application of electric field or wavelength tuning through temperature variation. Such a brand‐new type of simple coherent flexible up‐conversion system must be promising as a new principle for easily accessible and down‐scalable wavelength conversion devices.
Research Progress of Cyanine‐Based Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Biological Application
Authors: Xuan Jigao , Yu Jiajun , Huang Chusen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCyanine‐based near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have played vital roles in biological application due to their low interference from background fluorescence, deep tissue penetration, high sensitivity, and minimal photodamage to biological samples. They are widely utilized in molecular recognition, medical diagnosis, biomolecular detection, and biological imaging. Herein, we provide a review of recent advancements in cyanine‐based NIR fluorescent probes for the detection of pH, cells, tumor as well as their application in photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Evaluating the thermal stability of chemicals and systems: A review
Authors: Andriani Giuseppe , Pio Gianmaria , Salzano Ernesto , Vianello Chiara , Mocellin Paolo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the realm of chemical processing, particularly at the industrial scale, safety is of utmost importance. A predominant factor causing accidents within the chemical industry is runaway phenomena, primarily initiated by uncontrolled exothermic reactions. This review critically examines the often‐overlooked decomposition mechanisms as a significant contributor to thermal energy release, necessitating a comprehensive revision and understanding of both experimental and theoretical strategies for assessing thermal degradation. Key to this discourse is the explication of calorimetry as the principal experimental technique, alongside ab initio quantum chemistry simulations as a robust theoretical framework for quantifying the most relevant properties. However, more than mere cognisance of these methodologies is required for a meticulous thermal stability assessment. The review emphasizes identifying and quantifying fundamental parameters through experimental and theoretical investigations. Only upon acquiring these parameters, including kinetic, thermodynamic, onset, and peak characteristics of the exothermic decomposition reactions, can one effectively mitigate risks and hazards in designing and optimizing chemical processes and apparatus. Furthermore, this review delineates qualitative and quantitative methodologies for hazard assessment, proffering strategies for estimating safe operational conditions and sizing relief devices. The paper culminates in exploring future trajectories in thermal stability assessments, focusing on emerging applications in lithium‐ion batteries, electrolyzers, electrified reactors, ionic liquids, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches. Thus, the paper underlines the evolving landscape of thermal risk management in contemporary and future chemical industries.
Association of enlarged perivascular spaces with cognitive function in dementia‐free older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhao Mingqing , Li Yuanjing , Han Xiaodong , Li Chunyan , Wang Pin , Wang Jiafeng , Hou Tingting , Wang Yongxiang , Cong Lin , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Launer Lenore J. , Song Lin , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to characterize cognitive profiles associated with enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) among Chinese older adults.MethodsThis population‐based study included 1191 dementia‐free participants (age ≥60 years) in the MIND‐China MRI Substudy (2018–2020). We visually evaluated EPVS in basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and cortical superficial siderosis. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess cognitive function. Data were analyzed using general linear models.ResultsGreater BG‐EPVS load was associated with lower z‐scores in memory, verbal fluency, and global cognition (p < 0.05); these associations became non‐significant when controlling for other cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers (e.g., WMHs, lacunes, and mixed CMBs). Overall, CSO‐EPVS load was not associated with cognitive z‐scores (p > 0.05); among apolipoprotein E (APOE) ‐ε4 carriers, greater CSO‐EPVS load was associated with lower verbal fluency z‐score, even when controlling for other CSVD markers (p < 0.05).DiscussionThe associations of BG‐EPVS with poor cognitive function in older adults are largely attributable to other CSVD markers.HIGHLIGHTS
The association of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) with cognitive function in older people is poorly defined.
The association of basal ganglia (BG)‐EPVS with poor cognition is attributed to other cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers.
In apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers, a higher centrum semiovale (CSO)‐EPVS load is associated with poorer verbal fluency.
In vitro metabolism study of ADB‐P‐5Br‐INACA and ADB‐4en‐P‐5Br‐INACA using human hepatocytes, liver microsomes, and in‐house synthesized references
Authors: Rautio Tobias , Obrist Robin , Krebs Lucas , Klingstedt Therése , Dahlén Johan , Wu Xiongyu , Gréen Henrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) remain a major public health concern, as they continuously are linked to severe intoxications and drug‐related deaths worldwide. As new SCs continue to emerge on the illicit drug market, an understanding of SC metabolism is needed to identify formed metabolites that may serve as biomarkers in forensic toxicology screening and for understanding the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. In this work, the metabolism of ADB‐4en‐P‐5Br‐INACA and ADB‐P‐5Br‐INACA ((S)‐N‐(1‐amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl)‐5‐bromo‐1‐(pent‐4‐en‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide, (S)‐N‐(1‐amino‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl)‐5‐bromo‐1‐pentyl‐1H‐indazole‐3‐carboxamide respectively) were investigated using human hepatocytes in vitro and in‐house synthesized references. Both SCs were incubated with pooled human hepatocytes over 3 h, with the aim to identify unique and abundant metabolites using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS). In total nine metabolites were identified for ADB‐4en‐P‐5Br‐INACA and 10 metabolites for ADB‐P‐5Br‐INACA. The observed biotransformations included dihydrodiol formation, terminal amide hydrolysis, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, carbonyl formation, glucuronidation, and combinations thereof. The major metabolites were confirmed by in‐house synthesized references. Recommended biomarkers for ADB‐P‐5Br‐INACA and ADB‐4en‐P‐5Br‐INACA are the terminal hydroxy and dihydrodiol metabolite respectively.