bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification and regression tree analysis of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer treated with gefitinib after chemotherapy
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Guo Jingfeng , Liu Yutao , Wang Ziping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMany randomized studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR‐) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are apparently advantageous over standard chemotherapy in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR active mutation in front‐line treatment. But which subgroup of advanced NSCLC could benefit from EGFR‐TKIs in the second‐or third‐line setting remains elusive. To explore predictive factors of advanced NSCLC patients with the unknown status of EGFR mutation treated by gefitinib in the second‐or third‐line setting, we used classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to screen which patients would benefit more.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five patients with advanced NSCLC previously unsuccessfully treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy were included in this study. Patients received gefitinib as part of the Expanded Access Program of the China Charity Federation between 2 March 2005 and 11 May 2011. Multivariate analysis of progression‐free survival (PFS) was performed using CART analysis. This method uses recursive partitioning to assess the effect of specific variables on PFS, thereby ultimately generating groups of patients with similar clinical features on PFS.ResultsThe median PFS in patients with NSCLC who were treated with gefitinib after prior chemotherapy was 16 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.44–18.56). CART was performed with an initial split on adenocarcinoma differentiation, and four terminal subgroups were formed. The median PFS of the four subsets ranged from 12 to 42 months.ConclusionsAdenocarcinoma differentiation, brain metastasis and prior thoracic radiotherapy are predictors of PFS in previously treated NSCLC patients. CART can be used to identify homogeneous patient populations in clinical practice and future clinical trials.
Dosage finding for low‐dose spinal anaesthesia using hyperbaric prilocaine in patients undergoing perianal outpatient surgery
Authors: GEBHARDT V. , HEROLD A. , WEISS C. , SAMAKAS A. , SCHMITTNER M. D. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundHyperbaric prilocaine 20 mg/ml may be preferable for perianal outpatient surgery. The aim of this prospective, single‐centre, randomised, single‐blinded, controlled clinical trial was to determine the optimal dosage of hyperbaric prilocaine 20 mg/ml for a spinal anaesthesia (SPA) in patients undergoing perianal outpatient surgery.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients (18–80 years/American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I–III) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomised to receive 10, 20 or 30 mg of prilocaine for SPA. We measured expansion of the sensory and motor block, evaluated times to walk, void and being eligible for discharge, and determined the demand of analgesics.Results116/120 patients were available for analysis. The expansion of the sensory block gained with an increasing dosage: 10 mg: 3(1–6) dermatomes; 20 mg: 4(2–6) dermatomes; 30 mg: 5(3–7) dermatomes (P < 0.0001). Dermatomes were counted upwards beginning with S5. Also, the motor block gained with an increased dosage (Bromage score 1–3: 10 mg: n = 3, 20 mg: n = 8 and 30 mg: n = 18, P = 0.0002). Patients receiving 10 mg were ready for discharge earlier compared with both other groups (10 mg: 199 ± 39 min; 20 mg: 219 ± 47 min; 30 mg: 229 ± 32 min, P = 0.0039). Pain occurred earlier in the 10 mg group than in the 30 mg group (10 mg: 168 ± 36 min; 30 mg: 205 ± 33 min, P = 0.0427). The demand of additional analgesics was comparable in all dosage groups.ConclusionHyperbaric prilocaine 20 mg/ml can be applied in dosages of 10, 20 and 30 mg for SPA in perianal surgery. Because of sufficient analgesia, missing motor block and shorter recovery times, 10 mg of hyperbaric prilocaine 20 mg/ml can be recommended for perianal outpatient surgery.
Did Rubens' Delilah have Mondor's disease?
Authors: King Burton , Shortis Amy , King Ashleigh‐Jean 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundRubens was a master of European Baroque painting and a practitioner of realism. A female model for his paintings of Samson and Delilah and the Three Graces has apparent right‐sided breast abnormalities.Method and ResultsExamination of the images shows persistent changes. The clinical scenario suggests Mondor's disease, possibly related to rheumatoid arthritis or chronic infection.DiscussionVisible breast changes such as distortion, skin retraction and nipple deviation warrant concern and require investigation.
Body mass index, perceived and actual physical competence: the relationship among young children
Authors: Spessato B. C. , Gabbard C. , Robinson L. , Valentini N. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived physical competence (PPC), actual motor competence (MC) and body mass index (BMI) in young children.MethodsWe assessed MC (Test of Gross Motor Development – 2nd Edition), PPC (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance) and BMI (CDC calculator) of 178 young children ages 4–7 years.ResultsThe linear regression model for the overall sample showed that BMI was a better predictor of PPC than MC. Also, obese children had lower PPC, but showed no differences in MC compared with leaner peers.ConclusionsPPC of young obese children was lower than their leaner counterparts, yet their MC was similar. That outcome draws attention to the importance of promoting positive PPC in young children.
Respect for autonomy in the healthcare context: observations from a qualitative study of young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Racine E. , Larivière‐Bastien D. , Bell E. , Majnemer A. , Shevell M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundRespect for patient autonomy is a cornerstone of contemporary medical ethics and clinical practice. In its different shapes and forms (e.g. being informed, being engaged in discussions and decisions about medical care and being supported in developing healthcare preferences and choices), patient autonomy has been fostered by both paediatric and adult professional societies. The transition from paediatric to adult care creates a complex situation where autonomy for medical decisions shifts to the developing adolescent. More specific challenges to respect for autonomy may be experienced by young adults with cerebral palsy in the transition period where, for example, language and motor impairments may affect communication skills and this may be conflated with cognitive disability.AimTo characterize perspectives towards autonomy in the healthcare context for young adults with cerebral palsy.MethodWe carried out semi‐structured interviews with 14 young adults (aged 18–25) with cerebral palsy. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a conventional thematic qualitative content analysis.ResultsParticipants displayed a range of attitudes towards autonomy, suggesting that the value of autonomy is considered in light of competing values and of context. Testimonials from participants demonstrated that both contextual (e.g. ill‐adapted health care, lack of specialized public transport) and relational (e.g. attitudes towards parental involvement in decision making) factors negatively or positively impact autonomy.ConclusionWe observed that there were four key elements interwoven in participants' characterization of autonomy: the coupling of decisional and physical autonomy, the influences of family and society on autonomy, the influence of healthcare professionals on autonomy and the need for preparation for autonomy.
The cost of providing primary health‐care services from a needle and syringe program: A case study
Authors: Islam M. Mofizul , Shanahan Marian , Topp Libby , Conigrave Katherine M. , White Ann , Day Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTargeted primary health‐care services for injecting drug users have been established in several countries to reduce barriers to health care, subsequent poor health outcomes and the considerable costs of emergency treatment. The long‐term sustainability of such services depends on the resources required and the coverage provided. This study assesses the additional cost required to operate a nurse‐led primary health care in an existing needle syringe program setting, estimates the costs per occasion of service and identifies key factors influencing improved service utilisation.Design and MethodsUsing standard costing methods and the funder perspective, this study estimates costs using the ‘ingredients’ approach where the costs of inputs are based on quantities and unit prices (the ingredients).ResultsDuring the 2009–2010 fiscal year, the primary health‐care clinic provided 1252 occasions of service to 220 individuals, who each made an average of 3.9 presentations. A total cost ofAU$250 626 was incurred, 69% of which was for personnel and 22% for pathology. During the study period the average cost per occasion of service wasAU$199.96, which could be as low asAU$93.32 if the clinic reached its full utilisation level.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough the average number of presentations per client was satisfactory, the clinic was underutilised during the study period. Proactive engagement of clients at the needle syringe program shopfront and an increased range of services offered by the clinic may help to attract more clients.
Partial suppression of Oxa1 mutants by mitochondria‐targeted signal recognition particle provides insights into the evolution of the cotranslational insertion systems
Authors: Funes Soledad , Westerburg Heike , Jaimes‐Miranda Fabiola , Woellhaf Michael W. , Aguilar‐Lopez Jose L. , Janßen Linda , Bonnefoy Nathalie , Kauff Frank , Herrmann Johannes M. 
Published: November 2012

The biogenesis of hydrophobic membrane proteins involves their cotranslational membrane integration in order to prevent their unproductive aggregation. In the cytosol of bacteria and eukaryotes, membrane targeting of ribosomes that synthesize membrane proteins is achieved by signal recognition particles (SRPs) and their cognate membrane‐bound receptors. As is evident from the genomes of fully sequenced eukaryotes, mitochondria generally lack an SRP system. Instead, mitochondrial ribosomes are physically associated with the protein insertion machinery in the inner membrane. Accordingly, deletion of ribosome‐binding sites on the Oxa1 insertase and the Mba1 ribosome receptor in yeast leads to severe defects in cotranslational protein insertion and results in respiration‐deficient mutants. In this study, we expressed mitochondria‐targeted versions of the bacterial SRP protein Ffh and its receptor FtsY in these yeast mutants. Interestingly, Ffh was found to bind to the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomes, and could relieve, to some degree, the defect of these insertion mutants. Although FtsY could also bind to mitochondrial membranes, it did not improve membrane protein biogenesis in this strain, presumably because of its inability to interact with Ffh. Hence, mitochondrial ribosomes are still able to interact physically and functionally with the bacterial SRP system. Our observations are consistent with a model according to which the protein insertion system in mitochondria evolved in three steps. The loss of genes for hydrophilic polypeptides (step 1) allowed the development of ribosome‐binding sites on membrane proteins (step 2), which finally made the existence of an SRP‐mediated system dispensable (step 3).
Thermal waters of ‘tectonic origin’: the alkaline, Na‐HCO3 waters of the Rio Valdez geothermal area (Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina)
Authors: CAPACCIONI BRUNO , MENICHETTI MARCO , RENZULLI ALBERTO , TASSONE ALEJANDRO , HUERTAS ANTONIO D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe geothermal area of Rio Valdez is located in the central portion of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (South Argentina), ten kilometers south of the southeastern sector of the Fagnano Lake. It consists of a series of thermal springs with low discharge rates (≤1 L/s) and temperatures in the range of 20–33°C distributed in an area of <1 km2. The thermal springs are characterized by alkaline, Na‐HCO3 waters with low salinity (0.53÷0.58 g/L), but relatively high fluoride contents (up to 19.4 mg/L). Their composition is the result of a slow circulation at depth, possibly through deep tectonic discontinuities connected with the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault (MFF) system. According to geothermometric calculations, thermal waters reach temperatures in the range of 100–150°C and an almost complete chemical equilibrium with the alkali‐feldspars in the metavolcanic country rocks. The relatively high fluorine contents can be explained by the slow ascent and cooling of deep groundwaters followed by a progressive re‐equilibration with F‐bearing, hydrated Mg‐silicates, such as chlorite, which has been recognized as an abundant mineral in the metavolcanics of the Lemaire Formation and metapelites and metagraywackes of the Yahgán Formation. Finally, the isotopic composition of the investigated samples is consistent with the infiltration from local snow melting at altitudes in the range of 610–770 m asl. The comparison of our data with those collected in 1991 seems to suggest a possible progressive decline of the bulk thermal output in the near future. This possibility should be seriously considered before planning a potentially onerous exploitation of the resource. Presently, the only ways to exploit this geothermal resource by the population scattered in the area are the direct use of thermal waters and/or spa structures.
Pyridine‐2,6‐diamine‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a novel sorbent for determination of lead and cadmium ions in cosmetic samples
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Homeira , Moazzen Elahe , Amini Mostafa M. , Sadeghi Omid 
Published: November 2012

SynopsisA novel sorbent based on pyridine‐2,6‐diamine‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles was developed and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The application of the sorbent was investigated for pre‐concentration and determination of lead and cadmium ions in aqueous samples. Effects of various factors such as the sample pH, eluent parameters (type, concentration and volume) and time (adsorption and desorption) were appraised. The effects of several interfering ions on method recovery were also investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.3 and 0.089 μg L−1 for lead and cadmium ions, respectively. Recovery and precision (RSD%) of the method were above 97.9% and below 0.6%, respectively. Validation of the outlined method was performed by analysing several certified reference materials. This method was successfully used for determination of lead and cadmium ions in several cosmetic samples, which are usually contaminated by lead and cadmium ions.
Association of CXCL1 promoter polymorphism with ischaemic stroke in Korean population
Authors: Park H. J. , Yun D. H. , Kim S. K. , Chung J.‐H. , Lee J. S. , Park H.‐K. , Chon J. , Kim D. H. , Yoo S. D. , Kim H.‐S. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis is a pilot study analysing association of chemokine gene polymorphisms (CXCL1, rs3117604; CXCL2, rs3806792; CCL2, rs2857656 and rs3760396; CCL5, rs2107538) in Korean patients with ischemic stroke (IS) (n = 120) and age‐matched controls (n = 267). The CXCL1 gene and particularly T allele of rs3117604 was associated with IS.
Imaging interactions between macrophages and tumour cells that are involved in metastasis in vivo and in vitro
Authors: DOVAS A. , PATSIALOU A. , HARNEY A.S. , CONDEELIS J. , COX D. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryTumour‐associated macrophages participate in several protumour functions including tumour growth and angiogenesis, and facilitate almost every step of the metastatic cascade. Interfering with macrophage functions may therefore provide an important strategy in the clinical management of cancer and metastatic disease. Our understanding of macrophage functions has been greatly expanded by direct observations of macrophage–carcinoma cell interactions using light microscopy. Imaging approaches include intravital microscopy of tumours in mouse models of cancer and visualization of macrophage–carcinoma cell interactions in in vitro assays; whether atop 2D substrates, embedded in 3D matrices or in more complex assemblies of multiple cell types that mimic specific topologies of the tumour microenvironment. Such imaging and reconstitution approaches have provided us with a wealth of information on the motile behaviour and physical associations between macrophages and carcinoma cells and the role of the tumour microenvironment in influencing the movement of these cells. Finally, high‐resolution imaging techniques have permitted researchers to correlate motility patterns with specific gene signatures and biochemical pathways in cells, pointing to potential targets for intervention. Here, we review experimental approaches employed in the study of macrophage interactions with carcinoma cells with an emphasis on imaging invasive and metastatic cell motility in breast carcinomas.
Towards closing the remaining gaps in photorespiration – the essential but unexplored role of transport proteins
Authors: Eisenhut M. , Pick T. R. , Bordych C. , Weber A. P. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotorespiration is an essential prerequisite for all autotrophic organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast to the well‐characterised enzymes accomplishing photorespiratory metabolism, current knowledge on the involved transport processes and the respective proteins is still quite limited. In this review, we focus on the status quo of translocators involved in photorespiratory metabolism. Although the transport of some of the photorespiratory intermediates could be characterised biochemically, using isolated organelles, the genes encoding these transporters have to date not been identified in most cases. Here, we describe the postulated transport processes, present information on established or hypothetical photorespiratory transporters, depict strategies on how to identify the transport proteins on the molecular level and, finally, discuss strategies for how to find the remaining candidates.
Knowledge and attitudes towards dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in an urban school in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesiri Hapuarachchige Sewvandi Maliga Sampath Kumari , Suresh Thusharie Sugandhika 
Published: November 2012

AbstractKnowledge of and attitudes towards dysmenorrhea among adolescent school girls were assessed in this study. A descriptive study was conducted among 200 Year 12 girls at a school in the Nugegoda Educational Division in the district of Colombo. Data collection was done by using non‐probability convenience sampling. The results indicated that 84% of the study population had dysmenorrhea. Paracetamol was the drug of choice for pain relief. There was a statistically‐significant (P < 0.05) association between pain and poor mental health status (66%) of the adolescent girls, but there was no significant association between pain and poor physical health (P = 0.887) and poor social health status (P = 0.395). Bathing was found to affect pain, as reported by 95% of the students. Dysmenorrhea was common among adolescent girls in our study population, and was found to affect their mental status. Health‐education sessions are important to raise awareness among students of dysmenorrhea.
Intravesical therapies for bladder cancer – indications and limitations
Authors: Logan Callum , Brown Matthew , Hayne Dickon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Intravesical therapy is a well‐established treatment option for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Whilst therapeutic options are well defined in national and international guidelines there is not always consensus on the best treatment regime. The choice of intravesical agent, schedule and duration of treatment remains contentious.We provide a contemporary review of the intravesical agents that are currently used in the management of NMIBC and examine the indications and limitations of their use. Our study reiterates the current evidence base which supports:
A single dose of intravesical chemotherapy ≤24 h (ideally ≤6 h) after new bladder tumour resection.
For patients at intermediate‐ or high‐risk of progression, intravesical BCG with a maintenance regime is superior to induction‐only BCG therapy and intravesical chemotherapy.
Whilst evidence for thermo‐chemotherapy, electromotive drug administration and gemcitabine continues to grow, timely cystectomy is preferable in cases of BCG failure.

Intravesical therapy is a well‐established treatment option for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Choosing the appropriate intravesical agent, schedule and duration of treatment has long been an area of debate.
We review the intravesical agents that are currently used in the management of NMIBC and examine the indications and limitations of their use.
Given the relative high rates of toxicity, failure and non‐completion of traditional treatments we also examine some of the newer treatment options available.
Development and Implementation of an Industry Foundation Classes‐Based Graphic Information Model for Virtual Construction
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Yu Fangqiang , Li Ding , Hu Zhenzhong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVirtual Construction (VC) applications encounter difficulty in sharing and exchanging information with one another due to the long periods of interoperability limitation. To address these issues, an Industrial Foundation Classes‐based graphic information model (IFC‐GIM) is developed according to the exchange requirement of VC, and using the representations of three models in the IFC schema and its extension by defining the dynamic property set and properties for animation. The three models include the physical object model, the construction information model, and the realistic model. An OpenGL‐based VC platform is developed and applied to a 440‐m‐high building to implement the IFC‐GIM. The results demonstrate that the proposed IFC‐GIM lays the foundation for data sharing and exchange among VC systems and other IFC‐compliant applications, which, in turn, significantly reduces the modeling effort for VC and increases the value of VC results. Furthermore, animation is applied to simulate construction activities by the VC platform in addition to color and transparency, enhancing realistic feelings in 4D applications.
Evaluation of the Effect of Distal Femoral Elevation on Radiographic Measurement of the Anatomic Lateral Distal Femoral Angle
Authors: Jackson Gregory M. , Wendelburg Kirk L. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of elevation of the distal femur on radiographic determination of the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) in anin vitrocanine model.Study DesignIn vitrostudy.Sample PopulationCadaveric canine femora (n = 7 pairs).MethodsDissected femora were positioned in a custom‐mounting frame. The distal end of the frame was elevated in 5° increments from 0° to 45°, with craniocaudal (CrCd) radiographs obtained at each position. The aLDFAwas measured from the radiograph of each femur at each elevation. Statistical comparison of measured values was performed and radiographs were evaluated for radiographic indicators of positioning.ResultsThere was significant increase in measured aLDFAat all elevations >5° when compared to 0° elevation. The mean value for aLDFAincreased from 92.3° at 0° elevation to 95.0° at 45° elevation. The femoral trochlear ridges and walls of the intercondylar fossa were identified as the most useful radiographic landmarks. The fabellae, though extrafemoral and inconsistently retained in the current study, may also be beneficial. The lesser trochanter and nutrient foramen were less useful landmarks because of anatomic variability.ConclusionElevation of the distal femur had a significant effect on measured aLDFAat all elevations greater than 5°.