bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Androgen and Estrogen Signaling Components and Stem Cell Markers to Predict Cancer Progression and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fujimura Tetsuya , Takahashi Satoru , Urano Tomohiko , Takayama Kenichi , Sugihara Toru , Obinata Daisuke , Yamada Yuta , Kumagai Jimpei , Kume Haruki , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Inoue Satoshi , Homma Yukio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurpose: Genes of androgen and estrogen signaling cells and stem cell–like cells play crucial roles in prostate cancer. This study aimed to predict clinical failure by identifying these prostate cancer-related genes.Experimental Design: We developed models to predict clinical failure using biopsy samples from a training set of 46 and an independent validation set of 30 patients with treatment-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Cancerous and stromal tissues were separately collected by laser-captured microdissection. We analyzed the association between clinical failure and mRNA expression of the following genes androgen receptor (AR) and its related genes (APP, FOX family, TRIM 36, Oct1, and ACSL 3), stem cell–like molecules (Klf4, c-Myc, Oct 3/4, and Sox2), estrogen receptor (ER), Her2, PSA, and CRP.Results: Logistic analyses to predict prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.0 in both sets for Sox2, Her2, and CRP expression in cancer cells, AR and ERα expression in stromal cells, and clinical parameters. We identified 10 prognostic factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS): Oct1, TRIM36, Sox2, and c-Myc expression in cancer cells; AR, Klf4, and ERα expression in stromal cells; and PSA, Gleason score, and extent of disease. On the basis of these factors, patients were divided into favorable-, intermediate-, and poor-risk groups according to the number of factors present. Five-year CSS rates for the 3 groups were 90%, 32%, and 12% in the training set and 75%, 48%, and 0% in the validation set, respectively.Conclusions: Expression levels of androgen- and estrogen signaling components and stem cell markers are powerful prognostic tools. Clin Cancer Res; 20(17); 4625–35. ©2014 AACR.
The Thymus in Immunity and in Malignancy
Authors: von Boehmer Harald 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The thymus is an essential organ for the generation of the adaptive immune system. By now, the cellular selection events taking place in ongoing life before sexual maturity have been worked out even at the molecular level, and thus thymic lymphocyte development represents one of the best-studied systems in mammalian development. Because thymic lymphocyte development involves ample proliferation and generation of new cells, it is not astonishing that the thymus also represents an organ where malignancy can develop. In this Masters of Immunology primer, the development of lymphocytes and the role of intracellular Notch 1 and cyclins in lymphocytic malignancy are reviewed, offering new therapeutic possibilities. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(7); 592–7. ©2014 AACR.
Management of Pediatric Tachyarrhythmias on Mechanical Support
Authors: Silva Jennifer N.A. , Erickson Christopher C. , Carter Christopher D. , Greene E. Anne , Kantoch Michal , Collins Kathryn K. , Miyake Christina Y. , Carboni Michael P. , Rhee Edward K. , Papez Andrew , Anand Vijay , Bowman Tammy M. , Van Hare George F. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Pediatric patients with persistent arrhythmias may require mechanical cardiopulmonary support. We sought to classify the population, spectrum, and success of current treatment strategies.

Methods and Results—
A multicenter retrospective chart review was undertaken at 11 sites. Inclusion criteria were (1) patients <21 years, (2) initiation of mechanical support for a primary diagnosis of arrhythmias, and (3) actively treated on mechanical support. A total of 39 patients were identified with a median age of 5.5 months and median weight of 6 kg. A total of 69% of patients were cannulated for supraventricular tachycardia with a median rate of 230 beats per minute. A total of 90% of patients were supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for an average of 5 days. The remaining 10% were supported with ventricular assist devices for an average of 38 (20–60) days. A total of 95% of patients were treated with antiarrhythmics, with 43% requiring >1 antiarrhythmic. Amiodarone was the most frequently used medication alone or in combination. A total of 33% patients underwent electrophysiology study/transcatheter ablation. Radiofrequency ablation was successful in 9 patients on full flow extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with 3 radiofrequency-failures/conversion to cryoablation. One patient underwent primary cryoablation. A total of 15% of complications were related to electrophysiology study/ablation. At follow-up, 23 patients were alive, 8 expired, and 8 transplanted.

Conclusions—
Younger patients were more likely to require support in the presented population. Most patients were treated with antiarrhythmics and one third required electrophysiology study/ablation. Radiofrequency ablation is feasible without altering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flows. There was a low frequency of acute adverse events in patients undergoing electrophysiology study/ablation, while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Center-Level Variation in Infection Rates After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Shih Terry , Zhang Min , Kommareddi Mallika , Boeve Theodore J. , Harrington Steven D. , Holmes Robert J. , Roth Gary , Theurer Patricia F. , Prager Richard L. , Likosky Donald S. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Health-care–acquired infections (HAIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Prior work has identified several patient-related risk factors associated with HAIs. We hypothesized that rates of HAIs would differ across institutions, in part attributed to differences in case mix.

Methods and Results—
We analyzed 20 896 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery at 33 medical centers in Michigan between January 1, 2009, and June 30, 2012. Overall HAIs included pneumonia, sepsis/septicemia, and surgical site infections, including deep sternal wound, thoracotomy, and harvest/cannulation site infections. We excluded patients presenting with endocarditis. Predicted rates of HAIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Overall rate of HAI was 5.1% (1071 of 20 896; isolated pneumonia, 3.1% [n=644]; isolated sepsis/septicemia, 0.5% [n=99]; isolated deep sternal wound infection, 0.5% [n=96]; isolated harvest/cannulation site, 0.5% [n=97]; isolated thoracotomy, 0.02% [n=5]; multiple infections, 0.6% [n=130]). HAI subtypes differed across strata of center-level HAI rates. Although predicted risk of HAI differed in absolute terms by 2.8% across centers (3.9–6.7%; min:max), observed rates varied by 18.2% (0.9–19.1%).

Conclusions—
There was a 18.2% difference in observed HAI rates across medical centers among patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. This variability could not be explained by patient case mix. Future work should focus on the impact of other factors (eg, organizational and systems of clinical care) on risk of HAIs.
20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado: Damage Survey and Analysis
Authors: Burgess Donald , Ortega Kiel , Stumpf Greg , Garfield Gabe , Karstens Chris , Meyer Tiffany , Smith Brandon , Speheger Doug , Ladue Jim , Smith Rick , Marshall Tim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on 20 May 2013 was an extreme event. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. Extensive ground surveys were performed. The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The survey team defined a “well built” house that qualified for an EF5 rating. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EF0 ratings. Excluding EF0 damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. Also discussed is the use of non-DI objects that are damaged and ways in which to improve future surveys.
Busulfan dosing (Q6 or Q24) with adjusted or actual body weight, does it matter?
Authors: Clemmons Amber Bradley , Evans Sarah , DeRemer David L , Awan Farrukh T 
Published: July 2014

Background In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), patients receive individualized treatment planning in conditioning regimens to prevent unwarranted toxicities while maximizing desired outcomes. The dose of a widely studied agent in this setting, busulfan, can be adjusted based on area under the curve (AUC); however, choice of actual body weight (ABW) versus adjusted body weight (DBW) weight to calculate the initial dose may be critical in attaining goal AUC. Objective To determine which weight best correlates with achievement of goal AUC for patients receiving busulfan conditioning for HSCT. Secondary objectives include evaluation of AUC results with clinical outcomes such as toxicity and survival. Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective analysis was performed on 31 allogeneic HSCT recipients who received intravenous busulfan (Q6H with cyclophosphamide [Bu/Cy] or once daily with fludarabine [Flu/Bu]). Results Eighteen patients received Flu/Bu (50% ABW, 50% DBW) and 13 received Bu/Cy (23% ABW, 77% DBW). Overall, patients dosed by DBW were more likely to undershoot goal AUC (−12.8% vs. +19.5%, p = 0.018) and require dose increases (+20% vs. −19.9%, p = 0.012) versus those dosed by ABW. Subgroup analysis confirmed these results for Bu/Cy (−23.6% vs. +2.2%, p < 0.001 for goal AUC; +36.2% vs. −4.5%, p = 0.008 for busulfan dose increase), but not Flu/Bu (−0.8% vs. +25.3%, p = 0.123 for goal AUC; +3.4% vs. −25.1%, p = 0.174 for busulfan dose increase). Time to engraftment, progression-free survival, and overall survival were not different between dosing groups ( p > 0.05). No patient experienced busulfan-related toxicity. Conclusions Further prospective studies are warranted to elucidate which weight is most likely to achieve goal AUC and subsequent optimal patient outcomes.
An analysis of microbiota-targeted therapies in patients with avian influenza virus subtype H7N9 infection
Authors: Lu Haifeng , Zhang Chunxia , Qian Guirong , Hu Xinjun , Zhang Hua , Chen Chunlei , Liang Weifeng , Gao Hainv , Yang Yunmei , Li Lanjuan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Selective prophylactic decontamination of the digestive tract is a strategy for the prevention of secondary nosocomial infection in patients with avian influenza virus subtype H7N9 infection. Our aim was to summarize the effectiveness of these therapies in re-establishing a stable and diverse microbial community, and reducing secondary infections.

Methods
Comprehensive therapies were dependent on the individual clinical situation of subjects, and were divided into antiviral treatment, microbiota-targeted therapies, including pro- or pre-biotics and antibiotic usage, and immunotherapy. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used for real-time monitoring of the predominant intestinal microbiome during treatment. Clinical information about secondary infection was confirmed by analyzing pathogens isolated from clinical specimens.

Results
Different antibiotics had similar effects on the gut microbiome, with a marked decrease and slow recovery of the Bifidobacterium population. Interestingly, most fecal microbial DGGE profiles showed the relative stability of communities under the continual suppression of the same antibiotics, and significant changes when new antibiotics were introduced. Moreover, we found no marked increase in C-reactive protein, and no cases of bacteremia or pneumonia, caused by probiotic use in the patients, which confirmed that the probiotics used in this study were safe for use in patients with H7N9 infection. Approximately 72% of those who subsequently suffered exogenous respiratory infection by Candida species or multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were older than 60 years. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics with antibiotics seemed to fail in these patients.

Conclusions
Elderly patients infected with the influenza A (H7N9) virus are considered a high-risk group for developing secondary bacterial infection. Microbiota restoration treatment reduced the incidence of enterogenous secondary infection, but not exogenous respiratory infection. The prophylactic effects of microbiota restoration strategies for secondary infection were unsatisfactory in elderly and critically ill patients.
Cost Analysis of In-Centre Nocturnal Compared with Conventional Hemodialysis
Authors: Wong Ben , Courtney Mark , Pauly Robert P , Jindal Kailash , Klarenbach Scott 
Published: July 2014

Background: Provision of in-centre nocturnal hemodialysis (ICNHD; 6–8 hours thrice weekly) is associated with health benefits, but the economic implications of providing this treatment are unclear. Objective: We conducted a health care costing study comparing ICNHD to in-centre thrice-weekly conventional hemodialysis (CvHD). Design: Micro-costing of both ICNHD and CvHD as practiced at our centre. Setting: Hemodialysis unit at a tertiary-care hospital in Edmonton. Participants: An informal survey of 2 other Canadian ICNHD programs was conducted to inform practices that may deviate from ours to guide sensitivity analysis. Measurements: Resources consumed for each strategy were determined, and the cost of each unit (CAN $2012) was used to calculate incremental costs of ICNHD and CvHD. Methods: We focused on resources that differ between strategies (staffing, dialysis materials, and utilities). The reference case considered 1:3 staff to patient ratio; alternate scenarios explored nursing pay grade and ratio, full care vs. self-care dialysis (including training costs), and medication costs. Results: In the reference case, ICNHD was $61 more costly per dialysis treatment compared with CvHD ($9,538 per patient per year). Incremental annual costs for staffing, dialysis materials, and utilities were $8,201, $1,193, and $144, respectively. If ICNHD reduces medication use (anti-hypertensives, bone mineral metabolism medications), the incremental cost of ICNHD decreases to $8,620 per patient per year. In a scenario of self-care ICNHD utilizing a staff-to-patient ratio of 1:10, ICNHD is more costly in year 1 ($15,196), but results in cost savings of $2,625 in subsequent years compared with CvHD. Limitations: The findings of this cost analysis may not be generalizable to other health care systems, including other parts of Canada. Conclusions: Compared to CvHD, provision of ICNHD is more expensive, largely driven by increased staffing costs as patients dialyze longer. Alternate staffing models, including self-care ICNHD with minimal staff, may lead to net cost savings. The incremental cost of treatment should be considered in the context of impact on patient health outcomes, staffing model, and pragmatic factors, such as current capacity for daytime CvHD and the capital costs of new dialysis stations.
Opportunity costs of carbon sequestration in a forest concession in central Africa
Authors: Ndjondo Michel , Gourlet-Fleury Sylvie , Manlay Raphaël J , Engone Obiang Nestor Laurier , Ngomanda Alfred , Romero Claudia , Claeys Florian , Picard Nicolas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
A large proportion of the tropical rain forests of central Africa undergo periodic selective logging for timber harvesting. The REDD+ mechanism could promote less intensive logging if revenue from the additional carbon stored in the forest compensates financially for the reduced timber yield.

Results
Carbon stocks, and timber yields, and their associated values, were predicted at the scale of a forest concession in Gabon over a project scenario of 40 yr with reduced logging intensity. Considering that the timber contribution margin (i.e. the selling price of timber minus its production costs) varies between 10 and US$40 m −3, the minimum price of carbon that enables carbon revenues to compensate forgone timber benefits ranges between US$4.4 and US$25.9/tCO 2 depending on the management scenario implemented.

Conclusions
Where multiple suppliers of emission reductions compete in a REDD+ carbon market, tropical timber companies are likely to change their management practices only if very favourable conditions are met, namely if the timber contribution margin remains low enough and if alternative management practices and associated incentives are appropriately chosen.
Total Internal Reflection Magneto-optical Detection of Dysprosium(III) Ions Adsorbed at Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Watarai Hitoshi , Gangopadhyay Palash , Norwood Robert A , Peyghambarian Nasser 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A highly sensitive magneto-optical (MO) measurement technique was evaluated for the detection of interfacial species adsorbed at a flat liquid–liquid interface by using total internal reflection. The interfacial adsorption of the paramagnetic Dy(III) ion, which forms a complex with laurate at the dodecane–water interface, was detected with an extraordinarily large MO rotation angle.
Selective Deprotection of Me3Si-/Ph2P(O)-protected Arylalkynes: Methyl Grignard Reagent-promoted Dephosphorylation of Ph2P(O)-protected Alkynes
Authors: Peng Lifen , Xu Feng , Shinohara Kenta , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A Ph2P(O)-protected alkyne underwent dephosphorylation by treatment with MeMgBr in THF with Me3Si-protection untouched. The dephosphorylation followed by a transition-metal-catalyzed coupling of the resulting terminal alkyne with aryl halides was carried out in a one-pot manner to afford the desired coupling product. Selective deprotection of Me3Si-/Ph2P(O)-protected alkynes enabled facile syntheses of expanded π-systems such as cyclic phenyleneethynylenes and unsymmetrically substituted ditriazol.
Pressure ulcers in Jordan: a snapshot survey of a tertiary public hospital
Authors: Alja'afreh Mahmoud , Mosleh Sultan M 
Published: July 2014

Background:Patients are at risk of developing pressure ulcers while they are hospitalised. These risks need to be managed effectively to avoid harm and to minimise costs.Objective:This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers at selected acute clinical settings in central Jordan.Design:A cross-sectional survey design.Method:An inpatient snapshot survey was conducted over 4 weeks in the two medical wards in a tertiary public hospital.Results:190 participants were surveyed, 30 cases were identified, 53% were male, and 75% were aged 60 years or older. Prevalence was 24%, approximately half of the cases were grade 2 and 23% were grade 3 and 4. Pressure ulcers were mainly found on the sacrum (43%), followed by the heel (24%). Over 4 weeks, 29 new pressure ulcer cases were identified; 55% were male, and 90% were aged 60 years or older. Pressure ulcers were mainly—in 38% of cases—identified with cerebral vascular accident patients.Conclusion:The results of the snapshot survey confirmed that there is a problem with maintaining patients' safety in terms of patients acquiring pressure ulcers in hospital. The number of pressure ulcers indicate less-than-optimal management of patient safety, which requires a more detailed investigation.
Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Percent Foliage Weight of Cottonwood Biomass
Authors: Patterson David W. , Hartley Jonathan I. , Stuhlinger H. Christoph 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This study looked at three properties of cottonwood trees: moisture content, specific gravity, and foliage as a percentage of limb weight. There was an irrigated plot and an unirrigated plot. The study included six southern clones and one hybrid from the northwestern United States. There was no significant difference in moisture content among the southern clones, but the hybrid moisture content was significantly higher in both plots. The specific gravity values of two clones were significantly higher than the hybrid in the irrigated plot, while in the unirrigated plot, the values of three clones were higher than the value of two clones, and the hybrid value was close to the lower clones. The percent foliage values were higher in the irrigated plot, and the hybrid values were significantly lower in both plots compared with the six clones.
Logging Worker Wage, Performance, and Experience
Authors: Xu Yecheng , Smidt Mathew , Zhang Yaoqi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Many believe the logging industry faces significant challenges in recruiting and maintaining a qualified workforce. The relationship between wage and productivity is a critical component of attracting quality workers while controlling labor cost. We attempted to examine the relationship between worker performance and wage with results from a mixed (mail, Internet, and interview) national survey targeting logging firm owners, corporate officers, and supervisors. Respondents (162 total) varied regionally (North, South, and West) with respect to harvest systems and firm size. Wage expectations were considerably higher with aerial harvest systems, which were confounded with the respondents from the West, larger firm size, and greater respondent experience. Wages for workers with higher skill levels were more related to firm and respondent attributes than were lower skill levels, and most of the relationships were logical. Respondents indicated that equipment operators perform adequately after 12 months on the job and supervisors after 24 months. For chainsaw operators, results appeared to vary by region from 6 to 36 months of experience. Changes in wage due to increased skill level were similar across regions when expressed as a percentage of the lower skill level. Once the worker was able to perform at an adequate level, it appears that wage changes due to performance were roughly equivalent to the expected increase in productivity.