bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kishikawa H. , Sato K. , Yamauchi T. , Katakura A. , Shibahara T. , Takano N. , Nishida J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimColorectal adenoma and cancer are not regarded as being associated with primary oral cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether screening colonoscopy should be performed for patients with oral cancer in addition to the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic screening that is now routinely performed.MethodBetween 2007 and 2013, 162 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled at Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, and 136 individuals were assigned to colonoscopic surveillance. Advanced neoplasia was defined as an adenoma ≥ 10 mm, adenoma with villous histology or high‐grade dysplasia regardless of size and invasive cancer. Associations between advanced neoplasia and clinical factors, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and oral cancer site and staging were determined.ResultsAdvanced neoplasia, including five invasive cancers, was identified in 32 (23.5%) patients. An age‐ and sex‐adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that smoking (Brinkmann index > 400; OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.28–8.18), alcohol consumption (lifetime pure ethanol consumption > 600 l; OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.18–6.79) and a diagnosis of cancer of the floor of the mouth (OR = 7.97, 95% CI = 2.49–25.46) were independent risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia.ConclusionThe prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia is unexpectedly high in patients with oral cancer. It should be recognized as a second primary tumour of oral cancer. Screening of oral cancer patients by colonoscopy should be routine practice, particularly among smokers and patients with a high intake of alcohol and cancer of the floor of the mouth.
Multiorgan transplantation from a deceased donor with intravascular diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: transmission of the disease and results of treatment
Authors: Dziewanowski Krzysztof , Drozd Radosław , Parczewski Miłosz , Klinke Małgorzata 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis report presents the transplantation of two kidneys and the liver from a deceased donor with suspected autoimmune encephalomeningitis (ADEM). Due to an atypical post‐transplantation clinical course, the transplanted kidneys were biopsied and this disclosed diffuse large B‐cell (DLBC) lymphoma of the intravascular type in each kidney. The same malignancy was found in the postmortem donor brain examination. The renal allografts from the two recipients were removed: despite every effort, one patient died, while chemotherapy was successful in the second. No malignancy was observed in the liver transplant recipient, who received prophylactic chemotherapy. These cases highlight the occasional failure of organ donor disease screening and the consequent unforeseen complications.
Species contribute differently to the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity of freshwater fish communities
Authors: Pool Thomas K. , Grenouillet Gaël , Villéger Sébastien 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimWe examined the current biogeographical patterns of native fish communities throughout France, using a multifaceted taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity approach. We then identified the contribution of individual species to each facet of watershed's native fish diversity.LocationContinental France.MethodsThe taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of the fish communities were quantified at the watershed‐scale (i.e. alpha diversity approach), and congruencies between diversity facets were assessed. Variation between watersheds was then quantified (i.e. beta diversity approach) using Jaccard's dissimilarity index for all three facets of diversity, and congruencies were assessed. We subsequently determined the relationship between alpha and beta diversity for each diversity facet. Lastly, the mean relative contribution of each species to watershed's alpha taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity was quantified. The conservation status of each species was considered to determine if threatened and endangered species contributed more significantly to watershed alpha diversity than common species.ResultsAcross all watersheds, taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity facets were found to be highly congruent using both the alpha and beta diversity approaches. In contrast, the relationship between the watersheds' alpha and beta diversity was primarily negative; watersheds with decreased beta diversity tended to have increased alpha diversity for all three facets. Individual species also rarely contributed prominently to more than one diversity facet, with conservation status insignificantly influencing species relative contributions.Main conclusionsWe found that native fish diversity ‘hotspots’ exist in France; exhibited in our results by areas of high, overlapping taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Consequently, conservation planning approaches supported by species‐based metrics may concurrently target areas of increased ecological and evolutionary importance at the watershed‐scale. Interestingly, a diverse mosaic of species accounted for the different facets of diversity, suggesting that future reductions in species richness could have differential effects on each watershed's diversity facets.
On the reproductive success of early‐generation hatchery fish in the wild
Authors: Christie Mark R. , Ford Michael J. , Blouin Michael S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLarge numbers of hatchery salmon spawn in wild populations each year. Hatchery fish with multiple generations of hatchery ancestry often have heritably lower reproductive success than wild fish and may reduce the fitness of an entire population. Whether this reduced fitness also occurs for hatchery fish created with local‐ and predominantly wild‐origin parents remains controversial. Here, we review recent studies on the reproductive success of such ‘early‐generation’ hatchery fish that spawn in the wild. Combining 51 estimates from six studies on four salmon species, we found that (i) early‐generation hatchery fish averaged only half the reproductive success of their wild‐origin counterparts when spawning in the wild, (ii) the reduction in reproductive success was more severe for males than for females, and (iii) all species showed reduced fitness due to hatchery rearing. We review commonalities among studies that point to possible mechanisms (e.g., environmental versus genetic effects). Furthermore, we illustrate that sample sizes typical of these studies result in low statistical power to detect fitness differences unless the differences are substantial. This review demonstrates that reduced fitness of early‐generation hatchery fish may be a general phenomenon. Future research should focus on determining the causes of those fitness reductions and whether they lead to long‐term reductions in the fitness of wild populations.
Merkel cell carcinoma: is this a true carcinoma?
Authors: Jankowski Marek , Kopinski Piotr , Schwartz Robert , Czajkowski Rafal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRecent years have brought an enhanced understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) biology, especially with regard to the Merkel cell polyoma virus as a causative agent. Differences between Merkel cell polyomavirus‐positive and Merkel cell polyomavirus‐negativeMCCin morphology,,gene expression, miRNAprofiles and prognosis have been reported. Origin ofMCCis controversial. Presence of neurosecretory granules has suggested that these carcinomas originate from one of the neurocrest derivatives, most probably Merkel cells; the name Merkel cell carcinoma is now widely accepted. Expression ofPGP9.5, chromogranin A and several neuropeptides, initially regarded as specific markers for neural and neuroendocrine cells, has recently been shown in a subset of lymphomas.MCCcommonly expresses terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase andPAX5. Their co‐expression under physiologic circumstances is restricted to pro/pre‐B cells and pre‐B cells. These findings lead to the hypothesis by zur Hausen et al. thatMCCoriginates from early B cells. This review was intended to critically appraise zur Hausen's hypothesis and discuss the possibility thatMCCis a heterogenous entity with distinct subtypes.
Trichoderma reesei XYN VI – a novel appendage‐dependent eukaryotic glucuronoxylan hydrolase
Authors: Biely Peter , Puchart Vladimír , Stringer Mary Ann , Mørkeberg Krogh Kristian B.R. 
Published: July 2014

Expression of a Trichoderma reesei gene coding for a putative GH30 xylanase in Aspergillus oryzae led to isolation and purification of a novel xylanase exhibiting catalytic properties different from those of the previously characterized GH30 xylanase XYN IV of T. reesei. The novel enzyme, named XYN VI, exhibited catalytic properties similar to appendage‐dependent GH30 glucuronoxylanases previously recognized only in bacteria. XYN VI showed high specific activity only on xylans or xylooligosaccharides containing 4‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucuronic acid or d‐glucuronic acid side substituents. The cleavage of the main chain takes place primarily at the second glycosidic linkage from the branch towards the reducing end of the polysaccharides or aldouronic acids. These catalytic properties resemble bacterial GH30 glucuronoxylanases, although the recognition of the uronic acid side chains by XYN VI is apparently based on interaction of the substrate with other amino acids. Moreover, in contrast to bacterial enzymes, XYN VI is also capable of slower but significant cleavage of unsubstituted parts of xylan and acidic xylooligosaccharides. The data point to a great catalytic diversity of xylanases produced by the most extensively studied cellulolytic fungus.
miR‐22 regulates expression of oncogenic neuro‐epithelial transforming gene 1, NET1
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz M. , Muiwo Pamchui , Ramachandran Suganthi S. , Pandey Priyatama , Gupta Yogendra K. , Kumar Lalit , Kulshreshtha Ritu , Bhattacharya Alok 
Published: July 2014

MicroRNAs control cellular processes by regulating expression of their target genes. Here we report that neuro‐epithelial transforming gene 1 (NET1) is a target of tumor suppressor microRNA 22 (miR‐22). miR‐22 is downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and in CML cell line K562. NET1 was identified as one of the targets of miR‐22 using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Either mutations or naturally occurring single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in NET1 3′‐UTR that map at the miR‐22 binding site were found to affect binding of miR‐22 to NET1 mRNA. Over expression of NET1 in K562 cells resulted in increased proliferation. However decreased proliferation and alteration in cell cycle were observed on either overexpression of miR‐22 or knockdown of NET1 expression respectively. We also found that overexpression of miR‐22 or NET1 knockdown inhibits actin fiber formation, probably by downregulation of NET1 as NET1 knockdown also resulted in depletion of actin fiber formation. We suggest that the oncogenic properties of CML cells are probably due to deregulated expression of NET1 as a result of altered expression of miR‐22.
Obesity and prognosis in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: The continuing controversy
Authors: Kwon Taekmin , Jeong In Gab , You Dalsan , Han Kyung‐Sik , Hong Sungwoo , Hong Bumsik , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between body mass index and clinicopathological features of bladder cancer, and to assess the prognostic value of body mass index in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.MethodsThe medical records of 714 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were reviewed. The association of body mass index at surgery with clinicopathological features was examined, and the prognostic value of body mass index for recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models. Additional survival analyses were carried out in a subgroup of 534 patients with N0M0 disease.ResultsOf 714 patients, 304 (42.6%), 184 (25.8%) and 226 (31.7%) had a body mass index of <23 (normal), 23–25 (overweight), and ≥25 (obese) kg/m2, respectively. Patients with high body mass index had a lower pathological T stage, fewer lymph node metastases and a lower frequency of lymphovascular invasion than those with low body mass index (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that obese status was an independent predictor of recurrence‐free survival (obese vs normal: P < 0.001; overweight vs normal: P = 0.008) and cancer‐specific survival (obese vs normal: P < 0.001; overweight vs normal: P = 0.019), along with pathological T stage, lymph node metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion. In addition, obesity was significantly associated with recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.018) and cancer‐specific survival (P = 0.019) in patients with N0M0 status.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that overweight and obesity are associated with favorable pathological features and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.
A Preliminary Study of Silver Sodium Zirconium Phosphate Polyurethane Foam Wound Dressing on Wounds of the Distal Aspect of the Forelimb in Horses
Authors: Kelleher Maureen E. , Kilcoyne Isabelle , Dechant Julie E. , Hummer Emma , Kass Philip H. , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if application of silver sodium zirconium phosphate polyurethane semi‐occlusive foam (SPF) dressing would improve measures of wound healing and decrease bacterial contamination compared with a non‐adherent, absorbent dressing applied to wounds created on the distal aspect of the equine limb.Study DesignControlled randomized experimental study.AnimalsAdult Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred horses (n = 5).MethodsOne 6.25 cm2wound was created on the dorsomedial aspect of the proximal metacarpus on each forelimb. A SPF dressing was applied to 1 randomly assigned limb as a treatment and a non‐adherent, absorbent dressing was applied to the opposite limb as control. Bandages were changed every 3 days for 60 days. Granulation tissue was scored every 3 days, wound area measured every 6 days, and wound bed was cultured every 12 days.ResultsSPF‐treatment wounds had significantly decreased wound area and decreased granulation tissue scores when evaluated <30 days and over the 60 day study, although complete wound healing times were not significantly different. Bacteria were cultured from all wounds at varying times throughout the study.ConclusionsThe SPF wound dressing improved some measures of wound healing compared with the control dressing, most significantly during the first 30 days. This suggests that the SPF wound dressing may be useful in the early management of wounds on the equine lower limb. Further studies using the SPF dressing are needed to characterize the temporal and cellular effects on wound healing and evaluate this dressing in a clinical environment.
Specialized and stranded: habitat and biogeographical history determine the rarity of plant species in a semi‐arid mountain range
Authors: Silcock Jennifer L. , Fensham Roderick J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimWe examined patterns of rarity in the flora of a semi‐arid mountain range with a high concentration of rare species and 150 years of elevated grazing pressure, to establish the influences of habitat specialization, species biology, biogeography and grazing pressure in determining the distributions and abundances of species.LocationGrey Range and associated Tertiary sandstone ranges, eastern semi‐arid Australia.MethodsWe characterized the major habitats by soil and vegetation parameters, and surveyed 647 sites across seven habitat units to determine the probability of occurrence of 19 rare species. We then analysed the occurrence of rare plants in relation to species biology (dispersal characteristics, flowering, fruiting and recruitment frequency), grazing pressure and, for the barren plateaux, their size and isolation.ResultsRare species were found to be concentrated in three restricted habitat types – barren plateaux, gidgee toeslopes and sheltered habitats – which are clearly separated from other habitats in land‐form, soil properties and floristics. Larger barren plateaux were more likely to harbour rare species, but there was no correlation between plateau isolation and the incidence of rare plants. No species seemed to be limited by low seed production, but barren‐plateau shrubs recruited only infrequently. Only two species were adapted to long‐distance dispersal, meaning that most are effectively stranded in their insular habitats. Although five perennial shrub species were heavily grazed, there were no significant relationships between the distance to water and the occurrence of rare plants.Main conclusionsHabitat specialization, reproductive biology and biogeographical history interact to create the observed patterns of rarity in this semi‐arid mountain range. There is no evidence that any species have become rare or restricted as a result of grazing pressure. Species confined to plateaux, sheltered habitats and gidgee toeslopes represent relictual populations, and the association of rare plants with larger plateaux suggests that local extinctions were more likely on smaller plateaux during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations.
Plasticity in sex allocation in the plant Mercurialis annua is greater for hermaphrodites sampled from dimorphic than from monomorphic populations
Authors: Sánchez Vilas J. , Pannell J. R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPlants are notoriously variable in gender, ranging in sex allocation from purely male through hermaphrodite to purely female. This variation can have both a genetic and an adaptive plastic component. In gynodioecious species, where females co‐occur with hermaphrodites, hermaphrodites tend to shift their allocation towards greater maleness when growing under low‐resource conditions, either as a result of hermaphrodites shifting away from an expensive female function, or because of enhanced siring advantages in the presence of females. Similarly, in the androdioecious plant Mercurialis annua, where hermaphrodites co‐exist with males, hermaphrodites also tend to enhance their relative male allocation under low‐resource conditions. Here, we ask whether this response differs between hermaphrodites that have been evolving in the presence of males, in a situation analogous to that supposed for gynodioecious populations, vs. those that have been evolving in their absence. We grew hermaphrodites of M. annua from populations in which males were either present or absent under different levels of nutrient availability and compared their reaction norms. We found that, overall, hermaphrodites from populations with males tended to be more female than those from populations lacking males. Importantly, hermaphrodites' investment in pollen and seed production was more plastic when they came from populations with males than without them, reducing their pollen production at low resource availability and increasing their seed production at high resource availability. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that plasticity in sex allocation is enhanced in hermaphrodites that have likely been exposed to variation in mating opportunities due to fluctuations in the frequency of co‐occurring males.
Increased and correlated expression of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 in surgically removed periodontal tissues with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Mize T. W. , Sundararaj K. P. , Leite R. S. , Huang Y. 
Published: July 2014

Background and ObjectiveBoth gingival tissue destruction and regeneration are associated with chronic periodontitis, although the former overwhelms the latter. Studies have shown that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), a growth factor largely involved in tissue regeneration and remodeling, is upregulated in chronic periodontitis. However, the gingival expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2), a TGF‐β1‐upregulated gene, in patients with periodontitis remains undetermined. Although both CTGF/CCN2 and TGF‐b1 increase the production of extracellular matrix, they have many different biological functions. Therefore, it is important to delineate the impact of periodontitis on gingival CTGF/CCN2 expression.Material and MethodsPeriodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven individuals without periodontitis (group 1) and from 14 with periodontitis (group 2). The expression of CTGF and TGFβ1 mRNAs were quantified using real‐time PCR.ResultsAnalysis using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test showed that the levels of expression of both CTGF/CCN2 and TGFβ1 mRNAs were significantly increased in individuals with periodontitis compared with individuals without periodontitis. Furthermore, analysis using a nonparametric correlation (Spearman r) test showed a positive correlation between TGFβ1 and CTGF/CCN2 mRNAs.ConclusionThe gingival expression levels of CTGF/CCN2 and TGFβ1 mRNAs in individuals with periodontitis are upregulated and correlated.
Prayer and Liturgy as Constitutive‐Ends Practices in Black Immigrant Communities
Authors: Mooney Margarita A. , Manglos‐Weber Nicolette D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMuch social theory tends to emphasize the external goods of social practices, often neglecting the internal goods of those practices. For example, many analyses of religious rituals over‐emphasize the instrumental and individualistic ends of prayer and liturgy by describing such religious practices as effective means for achieving external ends like positive emotions, psychological benefits, social status, or social capital. By contrast, we use a neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics perspective to analyze the relational goods, such as trust and intimacy, which are expressed and sustained through ritualized social practices. Using ethnographies ofHaitian andGhanaianChristians in theU.S., we demonstrate that prayer and liturgy can also be understood as constitutive‐ends practices, practices in which human persons engage to sustain relations with others because there are goods inherent to those relationships. We further argue that in many religious practices, the end goals and the means—i.e. specific aspects of the practice—are inseparable. Our approach to developing theory combines critical engagement with numerous other theorists and also exploring how well various theories can explain the motivations and experiences of participants in the religious rituals where we conducted our ethnographies.
Ultrasound Pulsed Wave Doppler Imaging of the Esophagus Illustrates the Effects of Water Volume on Bolus Kinematics
Authors: Gao Zhihong , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the effects of water volume on flow properties of bolus (passage time and velocities) at the esophagus orifice using ultrasonic pulsed wave Doppler method. Five healthy males and five females were asked to consume 3, 6, 9 and 12 mL water in a single swallow. An ultrasound probe was placed against each subject's neck to observe the flow properties of bolus. The velocity spectra of the bolus at the esophagus orifice were analyzed. Our results revealed that velocity of bolus was easily affected by volume of water, and the passage time and velocities increased as the increase in volume.Practical ApplicationsUltrasonography, using a medical ultrasound instrument, is an effective method for observing bolus kinematics during swallowing. The velocity spectra of bolus can be visualized for different volume of water using the pulsed wave Doppler method. When a bolus of food is swallowed, aspiration that the bolus partly enters the trachea instead of the esophagus may occur. Water is known to show a high possibility of aspiration. This study revealed that reducing volume of water decreases the passage time and velocities of bolus at the esophageal entrance. Therefore, this technique can be used for designing the texture of food materials for people who experience aspiration or suffocation by food.