bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Differences in the Ability to Provide Temporal Information About Repeated Events
Authors: Roberts Kim P. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Drohan‐Jennings Donna , Glisic Una , Powell Martine B. , Friedman William J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryChildren (n = 372) aged 4–8 years participated in one or four occurrences of a similar event and were interviewed 1 week later. Compared with 85% of children who participated once, less than 25% with repeated experience gave the exact number of times they participated, although all knew they participated more than once. Children with repeated experience were asked additional temporal questions, and there were clear developmental differences. Older children were more able than younger children to judge relative order and temporal position of the four occurrences. They also demonstrated improved temporal memory for the first and last relative to the middle occurrences, while younger children did so only for the first. This is the first systematic demonstration of children's memory for temporal information after a repeated event. We discuss implications for theories of temporal memory development and the practical implications of asking children to provide temporal information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recency Tendency: Responses to Forced‐Choice Questions
Authors: Mehrani Mehdi B. , Peterson Carole 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe present study was conducted to investigate whether forced‐choice questions would lead to any particular tendency in young children's responses. Two experiments were conducted in which 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds children were shown a short animation and then were asked a set of two‐option, forced‐choice questions. Consistent findings were obtained: (i) Forced‐choice questions influenced children's responses; (ii) Children displayed a consistent ‘recency tendency.’ That is, they tended to choose the second option in forced‐choice questions; (iii) This tendency grew weaker as children aged. The findings suggest that forced‐choice questions carry some suggestibility load and can bias children's responses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Iron Oxide Brown on Smoke‐Suppression Properties and Combustion Behavior of Intumescent Flame‐Retardant Epoxy Composites
Authors: Chen Xilei , Liu Lei , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article mainly deals with smoke‐suppression properties and synergistic flame‐retardant effects of iron oxide brown ((Fe2O3 + FeO)·nH2O) on intumescent flame‐retardant epoxy resins (IFREP) using ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol as intumescent flame retardants. The smoke‐suppression properties and flame retardancy of iron oxide brown on IFREP compositions were investigated by the cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry. Remarkably, CCT data revealed that the incorporation of iron oxide brown into IFREP compositions can significantly reduce heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke release, and so on. On the other hand, the SEM results showed that iron oxide brown can greatly improve the structure of char residue. The thermogravimetric data indicated that iron oxide brown had different effects on the process of thermal degradation of the IFREP compositions. The volatilized products formed on thermal degradation of IFREP compositions indicated that the volatilized products were H2O, CO2, CO, carboxylic acid, and aliphatic hydrocarbons according to the temperature of onset formation. Here, iron oxide brown is considered to be an effective smoke‐suppression agent and a good synergism with IFR in flame‐retardant epoxy resins, which can greatly enhance the char residue.
Prognostic value of surgical margins during endoscopic resection of paranasal sinus malignancy
Authors: Manjunath Lakshman , Derousseau Taylor , Batra Pete S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundComplete tumor resection with intraoperative frozen section control remains a central tenet of head and neck surgical oncology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of margins in predicting recurrence and disease status following endoscopic resection of sinonasal malignancy.MethodsThis single‐institution observational cohort study was performed on 68 patients over a 5‐year period who underwent curative minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) for sinonasal malignancies.ResultsThe mean age was 58.8 years and 69.1% were male. The mean follow‐up after definitive MIER was 15.9 months. A mean of 10.8 margins were taken per surgery (range, 2 to 27). False‐negative frozen section analysis was 22.1% for the entire cohort, but slightly higher at 25.0% for T3 or T4 malignancies. At last follow‐up, no evidence of disease (NED) status was noted in 60.0% of those with positive margins vs 83.0% in those with negative margins, respectively (p = 0.0795). Regional or distant recurrences were observed in 39.9% of patients with positive margins and 13.2% of those with negative margins, respectively (p = 0.0299). Disease‐free survival (DFS) was 9.7 months for patients with positive margins, whereas it was 15.9 months for patients with negative margins.ConclusionDisease‐free status as a function of residual microscopic disease did not prove to be statistically significant. However, positive margins were correlated with a statistically significant increase in regional or distant recurrence. This suggests that complete resection with clear margins can impact oncologic outcomes in patients managed by MIER for sinonasal cancers.
Fibrillar Networks of Glycyrrhizic Acid for Hybrid Nanomaterials with Catalytic Features
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Adamcik Jozef , Bolisetty Sreenath , Handschin Stephan , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSelf‐assembly of the naturally occurring sweetening agent, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in water is studied by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and microscopic techniques. Statistical analysis on atomic force microscopy images reveals the formation of ultralong GA fibrils with uniform thickness of 2.5 nm and right‐handed twist with a pitch of 9 nm, independently of GA concentration. Transparent nematic GA hydrogels are exploited to create functional hybrid materials. Two‐fold and three‐fold hybrids are developed by introducing graphene oxide (GO) and in situ‐synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in the hydrogel matrix for catalysis applications. In the presence of GO, the catalytic efficiency of Au NPs in the reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol is enhanced by 2.5 times. Gold microplate single crystals are further synthesized in the GA hydrogel, expanding the scope of these hybrids and demonstrating their versatility in materials design.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction with Benziodoxole Reagents for Accessing Benzene‐Alkynylated Indoles
Authors: Li Yifan , Waser Jerome 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIndoles are omnipresent in natural products, bioactive molecules, and organic materials. Consequently, their synthesis or functionalization are important fields of research in organic chemistry. Most works focus on installation or modification of the pyrrole ring. To access benzene‐ring‐functionalized indoles with an unsubstituted pyrrole ring remains more challenging. Reported herein is a platinum‐catalyzed cyclization/alkynylation domino process to selectively obtain C5‐ or C6‐functionalized indoles starting from easily available pyrroles. The work combines, for the first time, a platinum catalyst with ethynylbenziodoxole hypervalent iodine reagents in a domino process for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized arene rings and gives access to important building blocks for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and organic materials.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[c,e]oxepin‐5(7H)‐ones from Benzyl Thioethers and Carboxylic Acids: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Double CH Activation Controlled by Different Directing Groups
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Sha , Zhang Yun‐Fei , Li Zhao‐Wei , Luo Fei‐Xian , Shi Zhang‐Jie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of benzyl thioethers and aryl carboxylic acids through the two directing groups is reported. Useful structures with diverse substituents were efficiently synthesized in one step with the cleavage of four bonds (CH, CS, OH) and the formation of two bonds (CC, CO). The formed structure is the privileged core in natural products and bioactive molecules. This work highlights the power of using two different directing groups to enhance the selectivity of a double CH activation, the first of such examples in cross‐oxidative coupling.
Solvated Graphene Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yuxi , Lin Zhaoyang , Zhong Xing , Papandrea Ben , Huang Yu , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA solvent‐exchange approach for the preparation of solvated graphene frameworks as high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is reported. The mechanically strong graphene frameworks exhibit unique hierarchical solvated porous networks and can be directly used as electrodes with a significantly improved electrochemical performance compared to unsolvated graphene frameworks, including very high reversible capacities, excellent rate capabilities, and superior cycling stabilities.
A FRET Probe for Cell‐Based Imaging of Ganglioside‐Processing Enzyme Activity and High‐Throughput Screening
Authors: Yang Guang‐Yu , Li Caishun , Fischer Michael , Cairo Christopher W. , Feng Yan , Withers Stephen G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGangliosides are important signaling molecules in the cell membrane and are processed by several enzymes. Deficiencies in these enzymes can cause human lysosomal storage diseases. Building an understanding of the pathways of glycosphingolipid catabolism requires methods for the analysis of these enzymatic activities A GM3‐derived FRET probe was synthesized chemoenzymatically for the detection and quantitation of a range of ganglioside‐degrading enzymes, both in cell lysates and in living cells. This is the first substrate that enables the ratiometric fluorogenic assay of sphingolipid ceramide N‐deacylase and endoglycoceramidase and can detect and localize neuraminidase activity in living cells. It is therefore a valuable tool for building a better understanding of membrane‐confined enzymology. It also enables the robust and reliable assay of ganglioside‐degrading enzymes in a microtiter plate, thus opening the door to screening for novel or engineered biocatalysts or for new inhibitors.
Planar N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Diarylborenium Ions: Synthesis by Cationic Borylation and Reactivity with Lewis Bases
Authors: Farrell Jeffrey M. , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe NHC–borane adduct (IBn)BH3 (1) (NHC= N‐heterocyclic carbene; IBn=1,3‐dibenzylimidazol‐2ylidene) reacts with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] through sequential hydride abstraction and dehydrogenative cationic borylation(s) to give singly or doubly ring closed NHC–borenium salts 2 and 3. The planar doubly ring closed product [C3H2(NCH2C6H4)2B][B(C6F5)4] is resistant to quaternization at boron by Et2O coordination, but forms classical Lewis acid–base adducts with the stronger donors Ph3P, Et3PO, or 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). Treatment of 3 with tBu3P selectively yields the unusual oligomeric borenium salt trans‐[(C3H2(NCH2C6H4)2B)2(C3H2(NCHC6H4)2B)][B(C6F5)4] (7).
Construction of a Hemifullerene Skeleton: A Regioselective Intramolecular Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Amaya Toru , Ito Takanori , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA two‐step synthesis of a strained π bowl, with hemifullerene skeleton from sumanene, was achieved in a high yield. The first step is a base‐promoted condensation reaction with a benzophenone compound, bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)methanone. The second step is the regioselective intramolecular oxidative cyclization, which is a key reaction for the hemifullerene skeleton synthesis. This regioselective cyclization is likely to be under thermodynamic control. This strategy will allow facile synthesis of various highly strained π bowls.
A regioregular polythiophene–fullerene for polymeric solar cells
Authors: Lanzi Massimiliano , Salatelli Elisabetta , Benelli Tiziana , Caretti Daniele , Giorgini Loris , Di‐Nicola Francesco Paolo 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present the synthesis and characterization of a new thiophenic copolymer bearing the C60 fullerene directly linked to the end of a hexamethylenic side chain. This copolymer was prepared with good yield using a simple and straightforward post‐polymerization functionalization procedure applied on a soluble regioregular polymeric precursor obtained by regiospecific organometallic coupling. Copolymer structural and photophysical properties were investigated by gel permeation chromatography, thermal analysis (DSC and TGA), NMR, IR, UV–Vis, and atomic force spectroscopy. The double‐cable copolymer possesses good solubility in common organic solvents, high filmability, thermal stability, and low segmental aggregation tendency. It was tested as a photoactive layer in a polymeric solar cell showing a power conversion efficiency under 100 mW cm−2 AM 1.5 illumination higher than 4%, more than that of the reference cell made with the conventionally used P3HT/PCBM blend. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42121.
2‐Oxazoline Formation for Selective Chemical Labeling of 5‐Hydroxylysine
Authors: Hayashi Gosuke , Sakamoto Ryosuke , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHydroxylation of lysine, one of posttranslational modifications of proteins, generates 5‐hydroxylysine (Koh) and plays a crucial role in regulating protein functions in cellular activity. We have developed a chemical labeling method of Koh. The 1,2‐aminoalcohol moiety of Koh in synthetic peptide sequences was trapped by an alkyne‐containing benzimidate to form a 2‐oxazoline ring. An additional ammonia treatment process removed the undesirable amidine residue formed between benzimidate and lysine. During the ammonia treatment, the oxazoline residue formed at Koh mainly remained intact, and the ring opening to the amide form was observed for only part of oxazoline, indicating that the chemical labeling is amino acid selective. Azide‐substituted biotin or fluorescent dye was attached to the peptide through Huisgen cycloaddition at Koh and converted into an alkyne‐labeled oxazoline form. The Koh‐labeling assay could provide a platform to enhance proteomic research of lysine hydroxylation.
Testing a reanalysis‐based infilling method for areas with sparse discontinuous air temperature data in northeastern Canada
Authors: Way Robert G. , Bonnaventure Philip P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study tests various applications of a new technique for infilling sparse monthly climate data which combines temperature anomalies from gridded observational and reanalysis data sets with baseline climatologies from short‐instrumental records. Out‐of‐sample comparisons between infilled and observed climate data for 53 stations in northeastern Canada suggests that mean absolute errors using the proposed method are ±1 and ±0.5 °C on monthly and annual timescales, respectively. Evaluation of several gridded data sets used to guide infilling suggests that ERA‐Interim (ERAI) and modern‐era retrospective reanalysis (MERRA) reanalyses are the most suitable for this purpose in the Labrador‐Ungava region.
A model for the Lin‐Shu type density‐wave structure of our Galaxy: Line‐of‐sight and transverse‐longitudinal velocities of 242 optically visible open clusters
Authors: Griv E. , Jiang I.‐G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the fourth in a series, we examine again one of the implications of the Lin‐Shu density‐wave theory, specifically, the noncircular systematic motion of the Galactic objects. Our previous investigation is extended by analyzing simultaneously both the line‐of‐sight and transversal velocities of a sample of open clusters for which velocities, distances and ages are available. The ordinary equations of the Oort‐Lindblad theory of galactic differential rotation are used. The minor effects caused by the two‐dimensional tightly‐wound density waves are also taken into account. The published data of 242 currently known optically visible clusters having distances r < 3 kpc from the Sun and ‐200 < z < 200 pc from the Galactic plane, and ages 2 × 108 < t < 2 × 109 yr are collected from Dias et al. (2014), excluding extremely far, high‐velocity, young and old objects in our fitting. The most noteworthy result is the fact that the parameters of Lin–Shu type density waves estimated from two independent line‐of‐sight and transversal along the Galactic longitude velocities are nearly equal. We argue that the resemblance of these Galactic wave structures is so remarkable that no doubt is felt as to the theory's truth with respect to these data. The results obtained allow us to conclude that several low‐m trailing density‐wave patterns with different number of spiral arms m (say, m = 1, 2, 3, and 4), pitch angles (about 5°, 8°, 11°, and 14°, respectively) and amplitudes of the perturbed gravitational potential may coexist in the Galaxy. The latter suggests the asymmetric multiarm, not well‐organized (“flocculent”) spiral structure of the system. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Difference between the optical flickering colours of cataclysmic variables and symbiotic recurrent novae
Authors: Zamanov R. , Boeva S. , Latev G. , Stoyanov K. A. , Tsvetkova S. V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe performed simultaneous observations in 3 bands (U BV) of the flickering variability of the recurrent novae RS Oph and T CrB at quiescence. Using new and published data, we compare the colours of the flickering in cataclysmic variables and symbiotic recurrent novae. We find a difference between the colours of the flickering source in these two types of accreting white dwarfs. The detected difference is highly significant with p ‐values ≈2 x 10–6 for the distributions of (U – B)0 colour and p ≈ 3 x 10–5 on an (U – B) versus (B – V) diagram. The possible physical reasons are briefly discussed. The data are available upon request from the authors. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composite spectra: XX. 45 Cancri
Authors: Griffin R.E. M. , Griffin R. F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFrom accurate radial‐velocity measurements covering 11 circuits of the orbit of the composite‐spectrum binary 45 Cnc, together with high‐resolution spectroscopy spanning nearly 3 circuits, we have (i) isolated cleanly the spectrum of the early‐type secondary, (ii) classified the component spectra as G8 III and A3 III, (iii) derived the first double‐lined orbit for the system and a mass ratio (M1/M2) of 1.035 ± 0.01, and (iv) extracted physical parameters for the component stars, deriving the masses and (log) luminosities of the G star and A star as 3.11 and 3.00 M⊙, and 2.34 and 2.28 L⊙, respectively, with corresponding uncertainties of ±0.10 M⊙ and ±0.09 L⊙. Since the mass ratio is close to unity, we argue that the more evolved component is unlikely to have been a red giant long enough to have made multiple ascents of the RGB, an argument that is supported somewhat by the rather high eccentricity of the orbit (e = 0.46) and the evolutionary time‐scales of the two components, but chiefly by the presence of significant Li I in the spectrum of the cool giant. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of the A0 supergiant HD 92207
Authors: Hubrig S. , Kholtygin A. F. , Schöller M. , Anderson R. I. , Saesen S. , González J. F. , Ilyin I. , Briquet M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOur recent search for the presence of a magnetic field in the bright early A‐type supergiant HD 92207 using FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode revealed the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of the order of a few hundred Gauss. However, the definite confirmation of the magnetic nature of this object remained pending due to the detection of shortterm spectral variability probably affecting the position of line profiles in left‐ and right‐hand polarized spectra. We present new magnetic field measurements of HD 92207 obtained on three different epochs in 2013 and 2014 using FORS 2 in spectropolarimetric mode. A 3σ detection of the mean longitudinal magnetic field using the entire spectrum, 〈Bz〉all = 104 ± 34 G, was achieved in observations obtained in 2014 January. At this epoch, the position of the spectral lines appeared stable. Our analysis of spectral line shapes recorded in opposite circularly polarized light, i.e. in light with opposite sense of rotation, reveals that line profiles in the light polarized in a certain direction appear slightly split. The mechanism causing such a behaviour in the circularly polarized light is currently unknown. Trying to settle the issue of short‐term variability, we searched for changes in the spectral line profiles on a time scale of 8–10 min using HARPS polarimetric spectra and on a time scale of 3–4 min using time series obtained with the CORALIE spectrograph. No significant variability was detected on these time scales during the epochs studied. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multi‐epoch time‐resolved photometry of the eclipsing polar CSS081231:071126+440405
Authors: Schwope A. D. , Mackebrandt F. , Thinius B. D. , Littlefield C. , Garnavich P. , Oksanen A. , Granzer T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe eclipsing polar CSS081231:071126+440405 turned bright (Vmax ∼ 14.5) in late 2008 and was subsequently observed intensively with small and medium‐sized telescopes. A homogeneous analysis of this comprehensive dataset comprising 109 eclipse epochs is presented and a linear ephemeris covering the five years of observations, about 24000 orbital cycles, is derived. Formally this sets rather tight constraints on the mass of a hypothetical circumbinary planet, Mpl ≤ 2 MJup. This preliminary result needs consolidation by long‐term monitoring of the source. The eclipse lasts 433.08 ± 0.65 s, and the orbital inclination is found to be i = 79.3°–83.7°. The centre of the bright phase displays accretion‐rate dependent azimuthal shifts. No accretion geometry is found that explains all observational constraints, suggesting a complex accretion geometry with possible pole switches and a likely non‐dipolar field geometry. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)