bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting Edge: Type 1 Diabetes Occurs despite Robust Anergy among Endogenous Insulin-Specific CD4 T Cells in NOD Mice
Authors: Pauken Kristen E. , Linehan Jonathan L. , Spanier Justin A. , Sahli Nathanael L. , Kalekar Lokesh A. , Binstadt Bryce A. , Moon James J. , Mueller Daniel L. , Jenkins Marc K. , Fife Brian T. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Insulin-specific CD4+ T cells are required for type 1 diabetes. How these cells are regulated and how tolerance breaks down are poorly understood because of a lack of reagents. Therefore, we used an enrichment method and tetramer reagents to track insulin-specific CD4+ T cells in diabetes-susceptible NOD and resistant B6 mice expressing I-Ag7. Insulin-specific cells were detected in both strains, but they only became activated, produced IFN-γ, and infiltrated the pancreas in NOD mice. Unexpectedly, the majority of Ag-experienced cells in NOD mice displayed an anergic phenotype, but this population decreased with age as tolerance was lost. B6 mice expressing I-Ag7 were protected because insulin-specific cells did not become effector or anergic T cells but remained naive. These data suggest that NOD mice promote tolerance through anergy induction, but a small proportion of autoreactive T cells escape anergy to provoke type 1 diabetes.
Cutting Edge: Identification of the Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin–Responsive Dendritic Cell Subset Critical for Initiation of Type 2 Contact Hypersensitivity
Authors: Kitajima Masayuki , Ziegler Steven F. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been implicated in the initiation and progression of allergic inflammation through its ability to activate dendritic cells (DCs). However, the identity of the DC subset that responds to TSLP is not known. In this study we use a CCL17 reporter strain to identify the TSLP-responsive DC subset. In vitro, TSLP induced CD11bhigh DCs to express CCL17, to increase CCR7-mediated migration activity, and to drive Th2 differentiation of naive CD4 T cells. In vivo, following skin sensitization, we found that a subset of Ag-bearing CCL17+CD11bhigh migratory DCs, but not Ag-bearing CCL17− migratory DCs, in skin lymph nodes were capable of driving Th2 differentiation and were dramatically reduced in TSLPR-deficient mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TSLP activated a subset of CD11b+ DCs in the skin to produce CCL17, upregulate CCR7, and migrate to the draining lymph node to initiate Th2 differentiation.
Effect of Resident Evaluations of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty on Promotion
Authors: Curran Diana S. , Stalburg Caren M. , Xu Xiao , Dewald Samantha R. , Quint Elisabeth H. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Promotion for academic faculty depends on a variety of factors, including their research, publications, national leadership, and quality of their teaching.

Objective
We sought to determine the importance of resident evaluations of faculty for promotion in obstetrics-gynecology programs.

Methods
A 28-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to 185 department chairs of US obstetrics-gynecology residency programs.

Results
Fifty percent (93 of 185) responded, with 40% (37 of 93) stating that teaching has become more important for promotion in the past 10 years. When faculty are being considered for promotion, teaching evaluations were deemed “very important” 60% of the time for clinician track faculty but were rated as mainly “not important” or “not applicable” for research faculty. Sixteen respondents (17%) stated a faculty member had failed to achieve promotion in the past 5 years because of poor teaching evaluations. Positive teaching evaluations outweighed low publication numbers for clinical faculty 24% of the time, compared with 5% for research faculty and 8% for tenured faculty being considered for promotion. The most common reason for rejection for promotion in all tracks was the number of publications. Awards for excellence in teaching improved chances of promotion.

Conclusions
Teaching quality is becoming more important in academic obstetrics-gynecology departments, especially for clinical faculty. Although in most institutions promotion is not achieved without adequate research and publications, the importance of teaching excellence is obvious, with 1 of 6 (17%) departments reporting a promotion had been denied due to poor teaching evaluations.
Sea surface temperature and sea ice variability in the subpolar North Atlantic from explosive volcanism of the late thirteenth century
Authors: Sicre M.‐A. , Khodri M. , Mignot J. , Eiríksson J. , Knudsen K.‐L. , Ezat U. , Closset I. , Nogues P. , Massé G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, we use IP25 and alkenone biomarker proxies to document the subdecadal variations of sea ice and sea surface temperature in the subpolar North Atlantic induced by the decadally paced explosive tropical volcanic eruptions of the second half of the thirteenth century. The short‐ and long‐term evolutions of both variables were investigated by cross analysis with a simulation of the IPSL‐CM5A LR model. Our results show short‐term ocean cooling and sea ice expansion in response to each volcanic eruption. They also highlight that the long response time of the ocean leads to cumulative surface cooling and subsurface heat buildup due to sea ice capping. As volcanic forcing relaxes, the surface ocean rapidly warms, likely amplified by subsurface heat, and remains almost ice free for several decades.
Global‐scale seasonally resolved black carbon vertical profiles over the Pacific
Authors: Schwarz J. P. , Samset B. H. , Perring A. E. , Spackman J. R. , Gao R. S. , Stier P. , Schulz M. , Moore F. L. , Ray Eric A. , Fahey D. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosol loadings were measured during the High‐performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole‐to‐Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign above the remote Pacific from 85°N to 67°S. Over 700 vertical profiles extending from near the surface to max ~14 km altitude were obtained with a single‐particle soot photometer between early 2009 and mid‐2011. The data provides a climatology of BC in the remote regions that reveals gradients of BC concentration reflecting global‐scale transport and removal of pollution. BC is identified as a sensitive tracer of extratropical mixing into the lower tropical tropopause layer and trends toward surprisingly uniform loadings in the lower stratosphere of ~1 ng/kg. The climatology is compared to predictions from the AeroCom global model intercomparison initiative. The AeroCom model suite overestimates loads in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (~10×) more severely than at lower altitudes (~3×), with bias roughly independent of season or geographic location; these results indicate that it overestimates BC lifetime.
Use of spatially refined satellite remote sensing fire detection data to initialize and evaluate coupled weather‐wildfire growth model simulations
Authors: Coen Janice L. , Schroeder Wilfrid 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLarge wildfires may grow for weeks or months from ignition until extinction. Simulating events with coupled numerical weather prediction (NWP)–wildland fire models is a challenge because NWP model errors grow with time. A new simulation paradigm was tested. Coupled Atmosphere‐Wildland Fire Environment model simulations of the 2012 Little Bear Fire in New Mexico were implemented for multiple days of fire growth from ignition and then used spatially refined (375 m) 12 h satellite active fire data derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to initialize a fire in progress. The simulations represented fire growth well for 12–24 h after each initialization in comparison to later satellite passes but strayed from mapped area with time. A cycling approach, in which successive VIIRS perimeters were used to initialize fire location for the next 12 h period, overcame this and can be used with cycled weather forecasts to predict even a long‐lived fire's lifecycle.
Sediment transport due to extreme events: The Hudson River estuary after tropical storms Irene and Lee
Authors: Ralston David K. , Warner John C. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Wall Gary R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTropical Storms Irene and Lee in 2011 produced intense precipitation and flooding in the U.S. Northeast, including the Hudson River watershed. Sediment input to the Hudson River was approximately 2.7 megaton, about 5 times the long‐term annual average. Rather than the common assumption that sediment is predominantly trapped in the estuary, observations and model results indicate that approximately two thirds of the new sediment remained trapped in the tidal freshwater river more than 1 month after the storms and only about one fifth of the new sediment reached the saline estuary. High sediment concentrations were observed in the estuary, but the model results suggest that this was predominantly due to remobilization of bed sediment. Spatially localized deposits of new and remobilized sediment were consistent with longer term depositional records. The results indicate that tidal rivers can intercept (at least temporarily) delivery of terrigenous sediment to the marine environment during major flow events.
Higher Rates and Clustering of Abnormal Lipids, Obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus in Psoriatic Arthritis Compared With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Labitigan Monalyn , Bahče‐Altuntas Asena , Kremer Joel M. , Reed George , Greenberg Jeff D. , Jordan Nicole , Putterman Chaim , Broder Anna 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveWe compared the prevalence and the clustering of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (obese body mass index [BMI; ≥30 kg/m2], hypertriglyceridemia, low high‐density lipids, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) Registry.MethodsWe included CORRONA participants with a rheumatologist‐confirmed clinical diagnosis of PsA or RA with complete data. We used a modified definition of MetS that did not include insulin resistance, waist circumference, or blood pressure measurements. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, and race.ResultsIn the overall CORRONA population, the rates of diabetes mellitus and obesity were significantly higher in PsA compared with RA. In 294 PsA and 1,162 RA participants who had lipids measured, the overall prevalence of MetS in PsA versus RA was 27% versus 19%. The odds ratio (OR) of MetS in PsA versus RA was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05–1.96, P = 0.02). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was higher in PsA compared with RA (38% versus 28%; OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.15–1.98], P = 0.003). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was also higher in PsA compared with RA (15% versus 11%; OR 1.56 [95% CI 1.07–2.28], P = 0.02) in the adjusted model. Similarly, higher rates of hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus were observed in the subgroup of PsA and RA patients with obese BMI.ConclusionCompared with RA, PsA is associated with higher rates of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Annulation of Donor–Acceptor Oxiranes with Imines: Diastereoselective Access to Highly Substituted 2,4‐trans‐Oxazolidines
Authors: Zhang Junqing , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn efficient approach for the synthesis of highly substituted 2,4‐trans‐oxazolidines has been achieved by means of nickel(II) chlorate hexahydrate [Ni(ClO4)2⋅6 H2O]‐catalyzed [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions of donor–acceptor oxiranes with imines via CC bond cleavage in good yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivity. The appropriate orientation of two activating ketones or esters is crucial for this chemoselective CC bond cleavage of the oxirane ring.magnified image
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reaction of Azabenzonorbornadienes with Methyl 2‐Iodobenzoate: An Efficient Access to cis‐Dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridinones
Authors: Huang Kang‐Lun , Guo Cui , Cheng Li‐Jie , Xie Long‐Guan , Zhou Qi‐Lin , Xu Xiao‐Hua , Zhu Shou‐Fei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening (ARO) reaction of azabenzonorbornadienes with iodobenzoate derivatives was realized by using chiral spirophosphine ligands with zinc powder as a reducing reagent. Various enantiomerically enriched cis‐dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridinones, the core structure of numerous chiral natural products, were prepared by the ARO reaction and tandem amidation from easily obtained starting materials with favorable enantioselectivity (up to 86% ee) under mild reaction conditions. The present palladium‐catalyzed ARO reaction avoids the direct use of organometallic reagents, enables tandem cyclization, and thus improves synthetic efficiency. The formal total synthesis of a chiral natural product, (+)‐chelidonine, was accomplished with the ARO reaction as a key step, which demonstrates the potential synthetic applications of the present methodology.magnified image
Laccase‐Catalysed Homocoupling of Primary Aromatic Amines towards the Biosynthesis of Dyes
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Martins Lígia O. , Robalo M. Paula 
Published: October 2013

AbstractColoured disubstituted benzoquinonimine trimeric structures are obtained as main reaction products of the oxidation of p‐electron donor primary aromatic amines using two different laccases, CotA‐laccase from Baccilus subtilus and TvL from Trametes versicolor. These orange‐red to purple products, presenting high molar extinction coefficients, presumably result from oxidative homocoupling reactions, through the formation of NC bonds at positions 2 and 5, of the laccase oxidised intermediate as showed in the proposed oxidative pathway. The product of 1,4‐phenylenediamine is shown to be the trimer known as Bandrowski’s base which has an established role in hair and fur dyeing. Our results also show that the occurrence and/or rates of oxidation of aromatic amines are strongly dependent on the presence of p‐electron releasing substituents in the aromatic ring and are independent on the properties of the enzyme used. Overall our data contribute for (i) understanding key features of laccase reactivity with p‐substituted aromatic amines and (ii) establishing enzymatic processes that lead to the synthesis of coloured bio‐products under mild conditions with potential impact in the cosmetic and dye industries.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Naphthols from Enol Esters
Authors: Panda Niranjan , Mothkuri Raghavender , Pal Arpan , Paital Alok R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn unprecedented synthesis of α‐naphthol derivatives from the reactions of two molecular equivalents of enol esters in the presence of a copper catalyst is described. This protocol is mild and tolerates various functional groups.magnified image
Enantioselective Oxidative Coupling of 2‐Naphthol Derivatives by Copper‐(R)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine‐TEMPO Catalyst
Authors: Alamsetti Santosh Kumar , Poonguzhali Elamvazhuthi , Ganapathy Dhandapani , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn efficient chiral copper catalytic system [(R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine‐copper(I) chloride‐TEMPO] for the asymmetric oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthol derivatives to synthesize enantiomerically enriched BINOL derivatives has been developed with good to excellent enantiomeric excess (up to 97% ee). The addition of a catalytic quantity of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl oxyl (TEMPO) to the copper‐(R)‐(+)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine complex greatly enhanced the reactivity and enantioselectivity of the enantioselective oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthol derivatives and also reduced the reaction temperature from 90 °C to room temperature in dichloromethane solvent.magnified image
Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles through the Reactions of Amidines and Aldehydes in Air
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Dong , Chen Yongxin , Tang Dong , Chen Baohua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel and efficient iron(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of 1,2,4‐trisubstituted imidazoles through the reactions of amidines and aldehydes in air has been developed. Five hydrogen dissociations involving CH and NH bond activation are realized under mild conditions in this approach. The procedure is sustainable, simple and environmentally friendly.magnified image
Palladium/Copper Complexes Co‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Ring Opening Reaction of Azabenzonorbornadienes with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Fan Baomin , Li Sifeng , Chen Hualei , Lu Zhiwu , Liu Shanshan , Yang Qingjing , Yu Lu , Xu Jianbin , Zhou Yongyun , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA chiral palladium/copper (Pd/Cu) co‐catalytic system which could enable asymmetric ring opening reaction of azabenzonorbornadienes with terminal alkynes is reported. This system comprises palladium(II) acetate [Pd(OAc)2]/(R)‐xyl‐Binap and copper(I) triflate (CuOTf). A good substrate scope was found, with excellent enantioselective outcomes (up to >99.9 % ee). A reaction mechanism involving two metal complexes is also proposed.magnified image
Occupational fatality risks in the United States and the United Kingdom
Authors: Mendeloff John , Staetsky Laura 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are very few careful studies of differences in occupational fatality rates across countries, much less studies that try to account for those differences.MethodsWe compare the rate of work injury fatalities (excluding deaths due to highway motor vehicle crashes and those due to violence) identified by the US Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in recent years with the number reported to the Health and Safety Executive in the United Kingdom (UK) and by other European Union (EU) members through Eurostat.ResultsIn 2010, the fatality rate in the UK was about 1/3 the rate in the US. In construction the rate was about ¼ the US rate, a difference that had grown substantially since the 1990s. Several other EU members had rates almost as low as the UK rate. Across EU countries, lower rates were associated with high‐level management attention to safety issues and to in‐house preparation of “risk assessments.”ConclusionsAlthough work fatality rates have declined in the US, fatality rates are much lower and have declined faster in recent years in the UK. Efforts to find out the reasons for the much better UK outcomes could be productive. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:4–14, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct CH Arylation of Unactivated Arenes with Aryl Halides Promoted by Bis(imino)pyridine Derivatives
Authors: A Sigen , Liu Xiaoming , Li He , He Chuanyi , Mu Ying 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new class of multichelating bis(imino)pyridine compounds can promote the direct arylation of unactivated arene CH bonds with aryl iodides and bromides in the presence of potassium tert‐butoxide. This transition‐metal‐free process provides a promising system for cheap and efficient synthesis of biaryl structural units.
Technical note: A histological technique for detecting the cryptic preservation of erythrocytes and soft tissue in ancient human skeletonized remains
Authors: Setzer Teddi J. , Sundell Inger Birgitta , Dibbley Susan K. , Les Clifford 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBone samples from a Middle Bronze Age (ca., 1600–1300 BC) site were prepared for histological analysis. Preliminary results suggested that components of bone marrow remained preserved. To verify these findings and optimize the sample preparation procedure, we conducted experiments varying the type of acid used to decalcify the bones for histology preparation, as well as the exposure time to the demineralizing agents and thickness of sections taken from the samples for slide preparation. Subsequent examination of the slides revealed the presence of well‐preserved erythrocytes and other cellular structures consistent with bone marrow. Our results demonstrate that the traditional methods used to prepare bone samples for histology may be adjusted to improve the quality of the soft tissue architecture and cellular morphology for histological observation. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:566–568, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pretreatment of sinus aspirates with dithiothreitol improves yield of fungal cultures in patients with chronic sinusitis
Authors: Chisholm Karen M. , Getsinger Diane , Vaughan Winston , Hwang Peter H. , Banaei Niaz 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundMold pathogens are a leading cause of chronic rhinosinusitis. Successful isolation of mold on culture is helpful in establishing a diagnosis and guiding therapy. Though mucolytic agents are commonly used in European countries, they are not part of everyday use in North America. In this case‐control prospective study, we investigated the yield of fungal culture before and after treatment of sinus aspirates with the mucolytic agent dithiothreitol in a United States hospital.MethodsOver a 5‐month period during 2011–2012, 359 sinus aspirates from 294 patients with symptoms suspicious for chronic sinusitis or allergic fungal sinusitis were collected. Aspirates were cultured on fungal medium before and after treatment with dithiothreitol.ResultsOf the 359 pairs of cultures, 62 (17.3%) demonstrated mold growth on at least 1 of the plates, 9 (14.5%) of which grew more than 1 species of mold. A total of 75 molds were identified, 41 (54.7%) of which were successfully cultured only when the mucus was pretreated with dithiothreitol (p < 0.0001). Quantitatively, more colonies grew from dithiothreitol‐treated mucus than from direct‐inoculation (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThis study confirms improved recovery of mold from sinus cultures after pretreatment of samples with dithiothreitol. Further studies are needed to correlate these findings with clinical outcome.
Kondensationsmuster: Erzeugung, Funktionalisierung und Anwendungen
Authors: Bai Hua , Du Can , Zhang Aijuan , Li Lei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractKondensationsmuster (breath figures; BFs) sind Anordnungen von Wassertröpfchen, die sich bilden, wenn Luftfeuchtigkeit (z. B. Atemluft) mit einer kalten Oberfläche in Kontakt kommt. Solche Muster haben in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten vielseitige Anwendung als weiches Templat zur Herstellung von porösen Polymerfilmen gefunden. Die in den Polymerfilmen angeordneten Poren, die über ein solches Verfahren gebildet werden, werden entsprechend als Kondensationsmusterarrays bezeichnet. Mehrere unkonventionelle BF‐Verfahren wurden entwickelt, um poröse Filme mit spezifischer Morphologie oder aus besonderen Ausgangsmaterialien herzustellen. Verschiedene Funktionalisierungstechniken wurden ebenfalls eingeführt, um die Eigenschaften von Polymerfilmen erheblich zu verbessern, was zu einigen neuen Anwendungen z. B. als Template, Biosensoren und Trennmembranen geführt hat. Diese Ergebnisse werden in diesem Kurzaufsatz beschrieben.
Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol acrylate crosslinking copolymer as solid–solid phase change materials
Authors: Zhang Hong , Sun Dike , Wang Qianqian , Guo Jing , Gong Yumei 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA kind of crosslinking copolymer as solid–solid phase change material (PCM) is synthesized by copolymerization. The scope of PCM applications is often severely limited by their heat stablility and phase transition state. The solid–solid phase change materials we obtained retain basic state during phase change transitions. The crosslinking polymer is heat stable under 300° and the latent heat of crystalline and latent heat of melting is on the average of 120 J/g and 140J/g, respectively. The property of thermal stability and heat storaged is related to crosslinking density of the gel. The property of thermal stability and high latent heat may expand the scope of PCMs applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 39755.