bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from recurrent perianal fistula in patient with Crohn's disease: case report
Authors: de Alencar Suelene Suassuna Silvestre , Corrêa Romualdo da Silva , Bezerra Cátia de França , Alencar Marcelo José Carlos , Nunes Cristiana Soares , da Costa Davi Aragão Alves , de Menezes Emanuela Simone Cunha , do Nascimento Antonio Luiz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction Anal carcinoma is a rare variant of epithelial tumors of the anal canal. When associated with chronic and active anal fistulas, usually this is an aggressive cancer that has difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Anal fistulas are a common manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma originating from recurrent perianal fistula in patients with CD.
Case report A man of 43 years, with melanoderma, complaining of perianal tumors, anal pain and mucopurulent secretion, the patient was diagnosed with fistulae. Colonoscopy revealed a chronic inflammatory process associated with villous polypoid lesion in the colonic and rectal mucosa. In a new episode, where it was diagnosed, chronic colitis of rectum and sigmoid was being prescribed sulfasalazine with improvement. There were relapses and the patient underwent repeated fistulectomias. After investigation, CD was diagnosed. Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis showed multiple perineal and gluteal collections, and the patient underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Anatomopathological exam showed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. A new CT showed residual growth of the lesion. The patient was referred to the oncology referral service, where chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned. The patient developed unfavorably, and his death occurred two months after treatment.
To have in order to do: Exploring the effects of consuming experiential products on well‐being
Authors: Guevarra Darwin A. , Howell Ryan T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe experience recommendation – if you want to be happier, buy life experiences instead of material items – is supported in empirical research. However, this evidence is primarily based on the dichotomous comparison of material items and life experiences. The goal of this article is to examine the effects of consuming experiential products – purchases that fall between material items and life experiences – on well‐being. Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrate that experiential products provide similar levels of well‐being compared to life experiences and more well‐being than material items. Study 3 replicates this finding for purchases that turn out well. In addition, Study 3 shows experiential products, when compared to life experiences, lead to more feelings of competence but less feelings of relatedness, which explains why these two purchases result in similar levels of well‐being. We discuss why experiential products and life experiences lead to psychological need satisfaction and how our results support the Positive‐Activity Model, Self‐Determination Theory, and Holbrook and Hirschman's hedonic consumption framework.
Contralateral Antalgic Effect of High‐Frequency Transcutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Buonocore Michelangelo , Camuzzini Nereo , Dall'Angelo Anna , Mandrini Silvia , Dalla Toffola Elena 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic effect of high‐frequency transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (HF‐TPNS) in the ipsilateral and contralateral skin territory of the stimulated nerve.DesignProspective, cross‐over study.SettingClinical neurophysiology unit, institutional care, rehabilitation center.ParticipantsTen healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female).MethodsParticipants underwent 3 different sessions. In the first, heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were measured on the left dorsal hand skin without stimulation; in the second and third sessions, HPTs were measured, respectively, in the territory of the left and right radial nerve before, during, and after an electrical stimulation (10 minutes, 100 Hz, 0.1 ms) of the left superficial radial nerve.Main Outcome MeasurementHeat pain threshold.ResultsAn increase of HPTs was observed in the skin territory of both right and left radial nerve during and after the left radial nerve stimulation.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates an analgesic effect of HF‐TPNS not only in the ipsilateral but also in the contralateral side of stimulation, suggesting a possible role of contralateral HF‐TPNS in the treatment by physical therapy of patients with unilateral pain syndromes.
Dynamics of liquid films on vertical fibres in a radial electric field
Authors: Ding Zijing , Xie Jinlong , Wong Teck Neng , Liu Rong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe long-wave behaviour of perfectly conducting liquid films flowing down a vertical fibre in a radial electric field was investigated by an asymptotic model. The validity of the asymptotic model was verified by the fully linearized problem, which showed that results were in good agreement in the long-wave region. The linear stability analysis indicated that, when the ratio (the radius of the outer cylindrical electrode over the radius of the liquid film) $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\beta <e$, the electric field enhanced the long-wave instability; when $\beta >e$, the electric field impeded the long-wave instability; when $\beta =e$, the electric field did not affect the long-wave instability. The nonlinear evolution study of the asymptotic model compared well with the linear theory when $\beta <e$. However, when $\beta =e$, the nonlinear evolution study showed that the electric field enhanced the instability which may cause the interface to become singular. When $\beta >e$, the nonlinear evolution studies showed that the influence of the electric field on the nonlinear behaviour of the interface was complex. The electric field either enhanced or impeded the interfacial instability. In addition, an interesting phenomenon was observed by the nonlinear evolution study that the electric field may cause an oscillation in the amplitude of permanent waves when $\beta \ge e$. Further study on steady travelling waves was conducted to reveal the influence of electric field on the wave speed. Results showed that the electric field either increased or decreased the wave speed as well as the wave amplitude and flow rate. In some situations, the wave speed may increase/decrease while its amplitude decreased/increased as the strength of the external electric field increased.
Emotion Identification From Facial Expressions in Children Adopted Internationally
Authors: Hwa-Froelich Deborah A. , Matsuo Hisako , Becker Jenna C. 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
Children adopted internationally who are exposed to institutional care receive less social interaction than children reared in families. These children spend their preadoptive life with individuals from their birth country and are adopted into families who may look and interact differently. The presumed patterns of limited social stimulation and transition from ethnically similar to ethnically and culturally different social interactions may affect these children's ability to accurately identify emotions from facial expressions.

Method
Thirty-five 4-year-old children adopted from Asia and Eastern Europe by U.S. families were compared with 33 nonadopted peers on the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy, Version 2 (DANVA2) Faces subtests. Correlation and regression analyses were completed with preadoption (adoption age, foster care exposure), postadoption environment (postadoption care duration, number of siblings, socioeconomic status), and individual (chronological age, gender, language competence) variables to determine related and predictive variables.

Results
The nonadopted group demonstrated better emotion identification than children internationally adopted, but no region-of-origin differences were found. English language performance was correlated with and predicted 20% of the variance in emotion identification of facial expressions on the DANVA2.

Conclusion
Children adopted internationally who have stronger language ability tend to be more accurate in identifying emotions from facial expressions.
Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Siegel Jane D. , LiPuma John J. , Brown Rebekah F. , Bryson Elizabeth A. , Chambers Mary Jo , Downer Veronica S. , Fliege Jill , Hazle Leslie A. , Jain Manu , Marshall Bruce C. , O’Malley Catherine , Pattee Suzanne R. , Potter-Bynoe Gail , Reid Siobhan , Robinson Karen A. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Schmidt H. Joel , Tullis Elizabeth , Webber Jennifer , Weber David J. 
Published: July 2014

The 2013 Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) was commissioned by the CF Foundation as an update of the 2003 Infection Control Guideline for CF. During the past decade, new knowledge and new challenges provided the following rationale to develop updated IP&C strategies for this unique population:1.The need to integrate relevant recommendations from evidence-based guidelines published since 2003 into IP&C practices for CF. These included guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and key professional societies, including the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). During the past decade, new evidence has led to a renewed emphasis on source containment of potential pathogens and the role played by the contaminated healthcare environment in the transmission of infectious agents. Furthermore, an increased understanding of the importance of the application of implementation science, monitoring adherence, and feedback principles has been shown to increase the effectiveness of IP&C guideline recommendations.2.Experience with emerging pathogens in the non-CF population has expanded our understanding of droplet transmission of respiratory pathogens and can inform IP&C strategies for CF. These pathogens include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the 2009 influenza A H1N1. Lessons learned about preventing transmission of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens in non-CF patient populations also can inform IP&C strategies for CF.
Coral Reefs: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Sheppard Charles 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Coral reefs are found all around the world, from the Indo-Pacific coral reef province to the Caribbean and Australia, and they support both marine and human life. They provide a rich supply of food and a breakwater from storms and high waves to countless coastal communities. Coral Reefs: A Very Short Introduction provides an account of what coral reefs are, how they are formed, how they have evolved, and the biological lessons we can learn from them. Today, these fascinating ecosystems are under threat from over-exploitation and climate change; some are dead and others are dying. They could face extinction, unless our conservation efforts are stepped up in order to save them.
Determinants of Clostridium difficile Infection Incidence Across Diverse United States Geographic Locations
Authors: Lessa Fernanda C. , Mu Yi , Winston Lisa G. , Dumyati Ghinwa K. , Farley Monica M. , Beldavs Zintars G. , Kast Kelly , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Meek James I. , Cohen Jessica , McDonald L. Clifford , Fridkin Scott K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background.  Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is no longer restricted to hospital settings, and population-based incidence measures are needed. Understanding the determinants of CDI incidence will allow for more meaningful comparisons of rates and accurate national estimates.
Methods.  Data from active population- and laboratory-based CDI surveillance in 7 US states were used to identify CDI cases (ie, residents with positive C difficile stool specimen without a positive test in the prior 8 weeks). Cases were classified as community-associated (CA) if stool was collected as outpatients or ≤3 days of admission and no overnight healthcare facility stay in the past 12 weeks; otherwise, cases were classified as healthcare-associated (HA). Two regression models, one for CA-CDI and another for HA-CDI, were built to evaluate predictors of high CDI incidence. Site-specific incidence was adjusted based on the regression models.
Results.  Of 10 062 cases identified, 32% were CA. Crude incidence varied by geographic area; CA-CDI ranged from 28.2 to 79.1/100 000 and HA-CDI ranged from 45.7 to 155.9/100 000. Independent predictors of higher CA-CDI incidence were older age, white race, female gender, and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) use. For HA-CDI, older age and a greater number of inpatient-days were predictors. After adjusting for relevant predictors, the range of incidence narrowed greatly; CA-CDI rates ranged from 30.7 to 41.3/100 000 and HA-CDI rates ranged from 58.5 to 94.8/100 000.
Conclusions.  Differences in CDI incidence across geographic areas can be partially explained by differences in NAAT use, age, race, sex, and inpatient-days. Variation in antimicrobial use may contribute to the remaining differences in incidence.
Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Sleep Quality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Alexopoulou Christina , Kondili Eumorfia , Diamantaki Eleni , Psarologakis Charalambos , Kokkini Sofia , Bolaki Maria , Georgopoulos Dimitris 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background:
Dexmedetomidine, a potent α-2-adrenergic agonist, is widely used as sedative in critically ill patients. This pilot study was designed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine administration on sleep quality in critically ill patients.

Methods:
Polysomnography was performed on hemodynamically stable critically ill patients for 57 consecutive hours, divided into three night-time (9:00 pm to 6:00 am) and two daytime (6:00 am to 9:00 pm) periods. On the second night, dexmedetomidine was given by a continuous infusion targeting a sedation level −1 to −2 on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale. Other sedatives were not permitted.

Results:
Thirteen patients were studied. Dexmedetomidine was given in a dose of 0.6 μg kg−1 h−1 (0.4 to 0.7) (median [interquartile range]). Compared to first and third nights (without dexmedetomidine), sleep efficiency was significantly higher during the second night (first: 9.7% [1.6 to 45.1], second: 64.8% [51.4 to 79.9], third: 6.9% [0.0 to 17.1], P < 0.002). Without dexmedetomidine, night-time sleep fragmentation index (7.6 events per hour [4.8 to 14.2]) and stage 1 of sleep (48.0% [30.1 to 66.4]) were significantly higher (P = 0.023 and P = 0.006, respectively), and stage 2 (47.0% [27.5 to 61.2]) showed values lower (P = 0.006) than the corresponding values (2.7 events per hour [1.6 to 4.9], 13.1% [6.2 to 23.6], 80.2% [68.9 to 92.8]) observed with dexmedetomidine. Without sedation, sleep was equally distributed between day and night, a pattern that was modified significantly (P = 0.032) by night-time dexmedetomidine infusion, with more than three quarters of sleep occurring during the night (79% [66 to 87]).

Conclusion:
In highly selected critically ill patients, dexmedetomidine infusion during the night to achieve light sedation improves sleep by increasing sleep efficiency and stage 2 and modifies the 24-h sleep pattern by shifting sleep mainly to the night.
Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants
Authors: Yarmolinsky Dmitry , Brychkova Galina , Kurmanbayeva Assylay , Bekturova Aizat , Ventura Yvonne , Khozin-Goldberg Inna , Eppel Amir , Fluhr Robert , Sagi Moshe 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.
Daily energy expenditure during lactation is strongly selected in a free‐living mammal
Authors: Fletcher Quinn E. , Speakman John R. , Boutin Stan , Lane Jeffrey E. , McAdam Andrew G. , Gorrell Jamieson C. , Coltman David W. , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryEnergy expenditure is a trait of central importance in ecological and evolutionary theory. We examined the correlates of, the strength of selection on, and the heritability of, daily energy expenditure (DEE; kJ day−1) during lactation in free‐ranging North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus).Over 7 years, lactating squirrels with greaterDEEhad higher annual reproductive success (ARS; standardized selection gradient: β′ = 0·47; top 12% of published estimates). Surprisingly, positive fecundity selection on lactationDEEfor increasedARSdid not result because lactationDEEwas correlated with typical measures of reproductive performance and/or investment.We found no evidence of costs of elevated lactationDEEacting through female survival, subsequent year lactationDEEor subsequent year reproduction.LactationDEEwas not significantly repeatable, and heritability was not significantly different from zero.Elevated lactationDEEenhancesARSthrough a link betweenDEEand an unidentified measure of maternal or environmental quality, but there is limited evolutionary potential for lactationDEEto respond to our documented selection.
Where is Urban Politics?
Authors: Rodgers Scott , Barnett Clive , Cochrane Allan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe outline the rationale for reopening the issue of the spatiality of the ‘urban’ in urban politics. There is a long tradition of arguing about the distinctive political qualities of urban sites, practices and processes. Recent work often relies on spatial concepts or metaphors that anchor various political phenomena to cities while simultaneously putting the specificity of the urban itself in question. This symposium seeks to extend debates about the relationship between the urban and the political. Instead of asking ‘what is urban politics?’, seeking a definition of the urban as a starting point we begin by asking ‘where is urban politics?’. This question orients all of the contributions to this symposium, and it allows each to trace diverse political dimensions of urban life and living beyond the confines of ‘the city’ as classically conceived. The symposium engages with ‘the urban question’ through diverse settings and objects, including infrastructures, in‐between spaces, professional cultures, transnational and postcolonial spaces and spaces of sovereignty. Contributions draw on a range of intellectual perspectives, including geography, urban studies, political science and political theory, anthropology, cultural studies, sociology, planning and environmental studies — indicating the range of intellectual traditions that can and do inform the investigation of the urban/political nexus.
Isolation and Phenotypic Characterization of Cronobacter from Dried Edible Macrofungi Samples
Authors: Ye Yingwang , Li Hui , Wu Qingping , Chen Mengshi , Lu Yudong , Yan Chunming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCronobacter is a group of food‐borne pathogens including 10 species associated with severe infections in infant by consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula. The information about the prevalence of Cronobacter in dried edible macrofungi samples is also not available. In combination with PCR targeting gluB gene, the traditional ISO method was modified for determining the prevalence of Cronobacter in dried edible macrofungi samples. In addition, the antibiotics susceptibility test, biofilm formation, osmotic, and desiccation resistance of Cronobacter strains were also tested. Results indicated that 18 dried edible macrofungi samples (n = 60) were found to be positive for Cronobacter. All isolated Cronobacter strains were resistant to vancomycin and penicillin G, and sensitive to chloramphenicol, norfloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and cephazolin. The abilities to form biofilm and survive when exposed to osmotic and dry stresses were different. This study contributes to a valid method for detection of Cronobacter and phenotypic characterization of Cronobacter, promoting the necessary measures for control and precaution of Cronobacter in dried edible macrofungi samples.
Determining the culturability of the rumen bacterial microbiome
Authors: Creevey Christopher J. , Kelly William J. , Henderson Gemma , Leahy Sinead C. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe goal of the Hungate1000 project is to generate a reference set of rumen microbial genome sequences. Toward this goal we have carried out a meta‐analysis using information from culture collections, scientific literature, and the NCBI and RDP databases and linked this with a comparative study of several rumen 16S rRNA gene‐based surveys. In this way we have attempted to capture a snapshot of rumen bacterial diversity to examine the culturable fraction of the rumen bacterial microbiome. Our analyses have revealed that for cultured rumen bacteria, there are many genera without a reference genome sequence. Our examination of culture‐independent studies highlights that there are few novel but many uncultured taxa within the rumen bacterial microbiome. Taken together these results have allowed us to compile a list of cultured rumen isolates that are representative of abundant, novel and core bacterial species in the rumen. In addition, we have identified taxa, particularly within the phylum Bacteroidetes, where further cultivation efforts are clearly required.This information is being used to guide the isolation efforts and selection of bacteria from the rumen microbiota for sequencing through the Hungate1000.