bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Models for Receptor-Catalyzed Conversion of Coxsackievirus B3 to A-Particles
Authors: Carson Steven D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
The immunoglobulin superfamily protein receptors for poliovirus, human rhinovirus, and coxsackievirus B (CVB) serve to bind the viruses to target cells and to facilitate the release of the virus genome by catalyzing the transition from the mature infectious virus to the A-particle uncoating intermediate. Receptor binding sites characterized by two equilibrium dissociation constants have been identified. The site with higher affinity is best observed at warmer temperatures and appears to correlate with the reversible conformational state in which the capsid is permeable to small molecules and peptides that are buried in the crystal structures are exposed. Measurements of CVB conversion to inactive particles over time in the presence of varied concentrations of soluble coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor showed that the observed first-order rate constant varies with receptor concentration. The dose-response data, previously modeled as the sum of first-order reactions, have been used to evaluate models for the receptor-catalyzed conversion of CVB that include the high- and low-affinity binding sites associated with capsid breathing. Allosteric models wherein receptor binding shifts the equilibrium toward the open capsid conformation, in which the high-affinity binding site is available, best fit the data.

IMPORTANCE
This paper compares models that relate the structural, mechanistic, and kinetic details of receptor-virus interactions known from previous work with human enteroviruses. New models are derived using recent results from receptor-catalyzed conversion of coxsackievirus B3 to non-infectious A-particles. Of those considered, the acceptable models include the capsid breathing cycle and two conformation-dependent receptor binding sites. The results indicate that the receptor enhancement of virus conversion to A-particles involves allostery through conformation selection.
Birth of identity: understanding changes to birth certificates and their value for identity resolution
Authors: Duncan Jeffrey , Narus Scott P , Clyde Stephen , Eilbeck Karen , Thornton Sidney , Staes Catherine 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction Identity information is often used to link records within or among information systems in public health and clinical settings. The quality and stability of birth certificate identifiers impacts both the success of linkage efforts and the value of birth certificate registries for identity resolution.
Objective Our objectives were to describe: (1) the frequency and cause of changes to birth certificate identifiers as children age, and (2) the frequency of events (ie, adoptions, paternities, amendments) that may trigger changes and their impact on names.
Methods We obtained two de-identified datasets from the Utah birth certificate registry: (1) change history from 2000 to 2012, and (2) occurrences for adoptions, paternities, and amendments among births in 1987 and 2000. We conducted cohort analyses for births in 1987 and 2000, examining the number, reason, and extent of changes over time. We conducted cross-sectional analyses to assess the patterns of changes between 2000 and 2012.
Results In a cohort of 48 350 individuals born in 2000 in Utah, 3164 (6.5%) experienced a change in identifiers prior to their 13th birthday, with most changes occurring before 2 years of age. Cross-sectional analysis showed that identifiers are stable for individuals over 5 years of age, but patterns of changes fluctuate considerably over time, potentially due to policy and social factors.
Conclusions Identities represented in birth certificates change over time. Specific events that cause changes to birth certificates also fluctuate over time. Understanding these changes can help in the development of automated strategies to improve identity resolution.
Can older people remember medication reminders presented using synthetic speech?
Authors: Wolters Maria K , Johnson Christine , Campbell Pauline E , DePlacido Christine G , McKinstry Brian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReminders are often part of interventions to help older people adhere to complicated medication regimes. Computer-generated (synthetic) speech is ideal for tailoring reminders to different medication regimes. Since synthetic speech may be less intelligible than human speech, in particular under difficult listening conditions, we assessed how well older people can recall synthetic speech reminders for medications. 44 participants aged 50–80 with no cognitive impairment recalled reminders for one or four medications after a short distraction. We varied background noise, speech quality, and message design. Reminders were presented using a human voice and two synthetic voices. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Reminder recall was satisfactory if reminders were restricted to one familiar medication, regardless of the voice used. Repeating medication names supported recall of lists of medications. We conclude that spoken reminders should build on familiar information and be integrated with other adherence support measures.
Decision-making impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case–control study
Authors: Farez Mauricio F , Crivelli Lucía , Leiguarda Ramón , Correale Jorge 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesTo assess decision-making under explicit risk conditions in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients and its relationship to decisions made under conditions of ambiguity. To assess cognitive functions related to decision-making performance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).SettingMS center in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Participants27 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and 27 sex-matched, age-matched and education-matched healthy controls.InterventionNeuropsychological assessment and decision-making evaluation using the Game of Dice Task and the Iowa Gambling Task.OutcomesGame of Dice Task and the Iowa Gambling Task scores.ResultsPatients with MS showed significantly poorer performance on the Game of Dice Task, choosing disadvantageous dice more often (p=0.019), as well as significantly lower overall scores in the Iowa Gambling Task (p=0.007). Block analysis showed that patients with MS and controls had scores that were comparable for blocks 1 and 2 (p=0.15 and p=0.24, respectively). Conversely, patients with MS scored poorly on blocks 4 (p=0.003) and 5 (p=0.023), the last two of the test, corresponding to decision-making under conditions of risk. Finally, the Game of Dice Task performance together with the last three blocks of the Iowa Gambling Task were correlated with visuospatial learning, processing speed and working memory but not with executive functioning.ConclusionsPatients with MS showed deficits in decision-making under risk conditions, which might be related to deficits in visuospatial learning, processing speed and working memory.
Safer@home—Simulation and training: the study protocol of a qualitative action research design
Authors: Wiig Siri , Guise Veslemøy , Anderson Janet , Storm Marianne , Lunde Husebø Anne Marie , Testad Ingelin , Søyland Elsa , Moltu Kirsti L 
Published: July 2014

IntroductionWhile it is predicted that telecare and other information and communication technology (ICT)-assisted services will have an increasingly important role in future healthcare services, their implementation in practice is complex. For implementation of telecare to be successful and ensure quality of care, sufficient training for staff (healthcare professionals) and service users (patients) is fundamental. Telecare training has been found to have positive effects on attitudes to, sustained use of, and outcomes associated with telecare. However, the potential contribution of training in the adoption, quality and safety of telecare services is an under-investigated research field. The overall aim of this study is to develop and evaluate simulation-based telecare training programmes to aid the use of videophone technology in elderly home care. Research-based training programmes will be designed for healthcare professionals, service users and next of kin, and the study will explore the impact of training on adoption, quality and safety of new telecare services.Methods and analysisThe study has a qualitative action research design. The research will be undertaken in close collaboration with a multidisciplinary team consisting of researchers and managers and clinical representatives from healthcare services in two Norwegian municipalities, alongside experts in clinical education and simulation, as well as service user (patient) representatives. The qualitative methods used involve focus group interviews, semistructured interviews, observation and document analysis. To ensure trustworthiness in the data analysis, we will apply member checks and analyst triangulation; in addition to providing contextual and sample description to allow for evaluation of transferability of our results to other contexts and groups.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. The study is based on voluntary participation and informed written consent. Informants can withdraw at any point in time. The results will be disseminated at research conferences, peer review journals, one PhD thesis and through public presentations to people outside the scientific community.
Perceived health after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: in-depth interviews of patients and next-of-kin
Authors: Andresen Brith , Andersen Marit Helen , Lindberg Harald , Døhlen Gaute , Fosse Erik 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivePercutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is an alternative to open heart surgery in selected patients with pulmonary outflow tract disorder. The technique may reduce the number of open-chest surgeries in these patients. This study was conducted to understand how the patients and their next-of-kin experienced this new treatment option.DesignQualitative explorative design with individual in-depth interviews.SettingOslo University Hospital, the only cardiac centre in Norway offering advanced surgical and interventional treatment to patient with congenital heart defects, serving the whole Norwegian population.ParticipantsDuring a 2-year period a total of 10 patients, median age 17 (7–30) and 18 next-of-kin were consecutively selected for individual in-depth interviews 3–6 months after the pulmonary valve implantation. The verbatim transcripts were analysed using a phenomenological methodology.ResultsPatients emphasised the importance of regaining independence and taking control of daily life shortly after the new interventional treatment. Renewed hope towards treatment options was described as ‘a light in the tunnel’. Next-of-kin emphasised the importance both for the patient and their family of resuming normal life quickly after the procedure. The physical burden was experienced as minor after the minimally invasive intervention, compared to their previous experience with surgical procedures.Main outcome measureThe importance of maintaining normality in everyday life for a good family function.ConclusionsThe repeated surgeries during infancy and adolescence of patients with congenital heart disease represent a heavy burden both for the patient and their family. All families especially emphasised the importance of resuming normal life quickly after each procedure. The novel technique of pulmonary valve implantation is thus a favourable approach because of minor interference in daily life.
iPS Cell–Derived Cardiogenicity is Hindered by Sustained Integration of Reprogramming Transgenes
Authors: Martinez-Fernandez Almudena , Nelson Timothy J. , Reyes Santiago , Alekseev Alexey E. , Secreto Frank , Perez-Terzic Carmen , Beraldi Rosanna , Sung Hoon-Ki , Nagy Andras , Terzic Andre 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Nuclear reprogramming inculcates pluripotent capacity by which de novo tissue differentiation is enabled. Yet, introduction of ectopic reprogramming factors may desynchronize natural developmental schedules. This study aims to evaluate the effect of imposed transgene load on the cardiogenic competency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.

Methods and Results—

Targeted inclusion and exclusion of reprogramming transgenes (
c-MYC
,
KLF4
,
OCT4
, and
SOX2
) was achieved using a drug-inducible and removable cassette according to the piggyBac transposon/transposase system. Pulsed transgene overexpression, before iPS cell differentiation, hindered cardiogenic outcomes. Delayed in counterparts with maintained integrated transgenes, transgene removal enabled proficient differentiation of iPS cells into functional cardiac tissue. Transgene-free iPS cells generated reproducible beating activity with robust expression of cardiac α-actinin, connexin 43, myosin light chain 2a, α/β-myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. Although operational excitation–contraction coupling was demonstrable in the presence or absence of transgenes, factor-free derivatives exhibited an expedited maturing phenotype with canonical responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation.

Conclusions—
A disproportionate stemness load, caused by integrated transgenes, affects the cardiogenic competency of iPS cells. Offload of transgenes in engineered iPS cells ensures integrity of cardiac developmental programs, underscoring the value of nonintegrative nuclear reprogramming for derivation of competent cardiogenic regenerative biologics.
Constraining Transient Climate Sensitivity Using Coupled Climate Model Simulations of Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Merlis Timothy M. , Held Isaac M. , Stenchikov Georgiy L. , Zeng Fanrong , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Coupled climate model simulations of volcanic eruptions and abrupt changes in CO2 concentration are compared in multiple realizations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1). The change in global-mean surface temperature (GMST) is analyzed to determine whether a fast component of the climate sensitivity of relevance to the transient climate response (TCR; defined with the 1% yr−1 CO2-increase scenario) can be estimated from shorter-time-scale climate changes. The fast component of the climate sensitivity estimated from the response of the climate model to volcanic forcing is similar to that of the simulations forced by abrupt CO2 changes but is 5%–15% smaller than the TCR. In addition, the partition between the top-of-atmosphere radiative restoring and ocean heat uptake is similar across radiative forcing agents. The possible asymmetry between warming and cooling climate perturbations, which may affect the utility of volcanic eruptions for estimating the TCR, is assessed by comparing simulations of abrupt CO2 doubling to abrupt CO2 halving. There is slightly less (~5%) GMST change in 0.5 × CO2 simulations than in 2 × CO2 simulations on the short (~10 yr) time scales relevant to the fast component of the volcanic signal. However, inferring the TCR from volcanic eruptions is more sensitive to uncertainties from internal climate variability and the estimation procedure.
The response of the GMST to volcanic eruptions is similar in GFDL CM2.1 and GFDL Climate Model, version 3 (CM3), even though the latter has a higher TCR associated with a multidecadal time scale in its response. This is consistent with the expectation that the fast component of the climate sensitivity inferred from volcanic eruptions is a lower bound for the TCR.
All-Food-Seq (AFS): a quantifiable screen for species in biological samples by deep DNA sequencing
Authors: Ripp Fabian , Krombholz Christopher Felix , Liu Yongchao , Weber Mathias , Schäfer Anne , Schmidt Bertil , Köppel Rene , Hankeln Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
DNA-based methods like PCR efficiently identify and quantify the taxon composition of complex biological materials, but are limited to detecting species targeted by the choice of the primer assay. We show here how untargeted deep sequencing of foodstuff total genomic DNA, followed by bioinformatic analysis of sequence reads, facilitates highly accurate identification of species from all kingdoms of life, at the same time enabling quantitative measurement of the main ingredients and detection of unanticipated food components.

Results
Sequence data simulation and real-case Illumina sequencing of DNA from reference sausages composed of mammalian (pig, cow, horse, sheep) and avian (chicken, turkey) species are able to quantify material correctly at the 1% discrimination level via a read counting approach. An additional metagenomic step facilitates identification of traces from animal, plant and microbial DNA including unexpected species, which is prospectively important for the detection of allergens and pathogens.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that deep sequencing of total genomic DNA from samples of heterogeneous taxon composition promises to be a valuable screening tool for reference species identification and quantification in biosurveillance applications like food testing, potentially alleviating some of the problems in taxon representation and quantification associated with targeted PCR-based approaches.
Altered regional homogeneity in experimentally induced low back pain: a resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Zhang Shan-shan , Wu Wen , Liu Zi-ping , Huang Guo-zhi , Guo Shi-gui , Yang Jian-ming 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Functional imaging studies have indicated that patients with low back pain can have significant reductions in cerebral cortex grey matter. However, the mechanisms governing the nociceptive pathways in the human brain are unclear. The aim of this study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) to investigate changes in resting-state brain activity in subjects that experienced experimentally induced low back pain.

Methods
Healthy subjects (n = 15) underwent fMRI (3.0 T) at baseline and during painful stimulation (intramuscular injection of 3% hypertonic saline).

Results
Compared to the scans conducted at baseline, scans conducted during experimentally induced low back pain showed increased ReHo on the right side in the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, insula, parahippocampal gyrus and cerebellum (posterior lobe), but decreased ReHo in the primary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampal gyrus on the left side. The right inferior parietal lobule also showed a decreased ReHo (P < 0.05, cluster threshold ≥10).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that abnormally spontaneous resting-state activity in some brain regions may be associated with pain processing. These changes in neural activity may contribute to the recognition, execution, memory and emotional processing of acute low back pain.
Laboratory determination of the complex conductivity tensor of unconventional anisotropic shales
Authors: Woodruff William F. , Revil André , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: July 2014

We developed a four-electrode acquisition system to measure the complex conductivity tensor of tight and anisotropic shale cores using an accurate impedance meter. The complex conductivity tensor was obtained by inverting complex electrical potential data (amplitude and phase) acquired over a distributed array of electrodes. Inversion of the acquired data was performed with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampler that can explicitly take into account the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. This approach was validated with direct measurements of impedance tensor eigenvalues with a single-component measurement technique. Consistent results were obtained using these two methods validating those obtained through the McMC sampling strategy. Both the in-phase and quadrature conductivities were anisotropic with the same anisotropic ratio in agreement with a recently developed petrophysical model based on volume averaging. The type of anisotropy of the Bakken and Haynesville core samples was found to be transverse isotropic, with the anisotropic ratio on the order of 10. In-phase conductivity was found to be independent of frequency up to 100 Hz, while the magnitude of the quadrature conductivity increased with frequency in the range from 0.1 to 45 kHz. Both components were sensitive to water saturation. Surface conductivity could be reliably predicted from the quadrature conductivity in agreement with the model prediction. The relationship between surface and quadrature conductivities was independent on saturation and anisotropy.
The Altered Mononuclear Cell-Derived Cytokine Response to Glucose Ingestion Is Not Regulated by Excess Adiposity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: González Frank , Sia Chang Ling , Shepard Marguerite K. , Rote Neal S. , Minium Judi 
Published: July 2014

Context:Excess adipose tissue is a source of inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a proinflammatory state and is often associated with excess abdominal adiposity (AA) alone and/or frank obesity.Objective:To determine the effect of glucose ingestion on cytokine release from mononuclear cells (MNC) in women with PCOS with and without excess AA and/or obesity.Design:A cross-sectional study.Setting:Academic medical center.Patients:Twenty-three women with PCOS (seven normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese) and 24 ovulatory controls (eight normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese).Intervention:Three-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).Main Outcome Measures:Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was derived from the OGTT (ISOGTT). TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release was measured in supernatants of cultured MNC isolated from blood samples drawn while fasting and 2 hours after glucose ingestion.Results:Insulin sensitivity was lower in obese subjects regardless of PCOS status and in normal-weight women with PCOS compared with normal-weight controls regardless of body composition status. In response to glucose ingestion, MNC-derived TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release decreased in both normal-weight control groups but failed to suppress in either normal-weight PCOS group and in obese women regardless of PCOS status. For the combined groups, the cytokine responses were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity and positively correlated with abdominal fat and androgens.Conclusions:Women with PCOS fail to suppress MNC-derived cytokine release in response to glucose ingestion, and this response is independent of excess adiposity. Nevertheless, a similar response is also a feature of obesity per se. Circulating MNC and excess adipose tissue are separate and distinct sources of inflammation in this population.
Assessment of Hedley’s Sequential Extraction Method for Phosphorus Forms in Biosolids Using P K-edge X-ray Absorption Near-edge Structure Spectroscopy
Authors: Takamoto Akira , Hashimoto Yohey 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We determined P species in biosolids and their residues after applying Hedley’s sequential extractions using P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. HCl extraction successfully removed P associated with Ca minerals from the biosolids. The majority of P associated with Fe minerals (FeP) was extracted by the NaOH fluid. However, recalcitrant FeP phases remained persistent even after the final extraction process, suggesting that NaOH-extracted P fractions may be underestimated in biosolids with abundant Fe. The XANES technique is essential to identify secondary P phases in biosolids, which could not be detected by an XRD technique.