bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of semantically similar verbal memory traces is affected in healthy aging
Authors: Ilyés Alex , Paulik Borbála , Keresztes Attila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMnemonic discrimination of highly similar memory traces is affected in healthy aging via changes in hippocampal pattern separation—i.e., the ability of the hippocampus to orthogonalize highly similar neural inputs. The decline of this process leads to a loss of episodic specificity. Because previous studies have almost exclusively tested mnemonic discrimination of visuospatial stimuli (e.g., objects or scenes), less is known about age-related effects on the episodic specificity of semantically similar traces. To address this gap, we designed a task to assess mnemonic discrimination of verbal stimuli as a function of semantic similarity based on word embeddings. Forty young (Mage = 21.7 years) and 40 old adults (Mage = 69.8 years) first incidentally encoded adjective-noun phrases, then performed a surprise recognition test involving exactly repeated and highly similar lure phrases. We found that increasing semantic similarity negatively affected mnemonic discrimination in both age groups, and that compared to young adults, older adults showed worse discrimination at medium levels of semantic similarity. These results indicate that episodic specificity of semantically similar memory traces is affected in aging via less efficient mnemonic operations and strengthen the notion that mnemonic discrimination is a modality-independent process supporting memory specificity across representational domains.
Adapting the rhizome concept to an extended definition of viral quasispecies and the implications for molecular evolution
Authors: Landa Carlos Raico , Ariza-Mateos Ascensión , Briones Carlos , Perales Celia , Wagner Astrid , Domingo Esteban , Gómez Jordi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rhizome concept proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari offers a novel perspective on the organization and interdependence of complex constellations of heterogeneous entities, their mapping and their ruptures. The emphasis of the present study is placed on the dynamics of contacts and communication among such entities that arise from experimentation, without any favored hierarchy or origin. When applied to biological evolution, the rhizome concept integrates all types of heterogeneity resulting from “symbiotic” relationships among living beings (or their genomic material), horizontal genetic transfer, recombination and mutation, and breaks away from the approach that gives rise to the phylogenetic tree of life. It has already been applied to describe the dynamics and evolution of RNA viruses. Thus, here we introduce a novel framework for the interpretation the viral quasispecies concept, which explains the evolution of RNA virus populations as the result of dynamic interconnections and multifaceted interdependence between highly heterogeneous viral sequences and its inherently heterogeneous host cells. The rhizome network perspective underlines even further the medical implications of the broad mutant spectra of viruses that are in constant flow, given the multiple pathways they have available for fitness loss and gain.
Unveiling novel double-negative prostate cancer subtypes through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Li Lin , Yeh Yunshin , Shi Yingli , Franco Omar , Corey Eva , Yu Xiuping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) have facilitated the discovery of previously unrecognized subtypes within prostate cancer (PCa), offering new insights into cancer heterogeneity and progression. In this study, we integrated scRNAseq data from multiple studies, comprising publicly available cohorts and data generated by our research team, and established the Human Prostate Single cell Atlas (HuPSA) and Mouse Prostate Single cell Atlas (MoPSA) datasets. Through comprehensive analysis, we identified two novel double-negative PCa populations: KRT7 cells characterized by elevated KRT7 expression and progenitor-like cells marked by SOX2 and FOXA2 expression, distinct from NEPCa, and displaying stem/progenitor features. Furthermore, HuPSA-based deconvolution re-classified human PCa specimens, validating the presence of these novel subtypes. We then developed a user-friendly web application, “HuPSA–MoPSA” (https://pcatools.shinyapps.io/HuPSA-MoPSA/), for visualizing gene expression across all newly established datasets. Our study provides comprehensive tools for PCa research and uncovers novel cancer subtypes that can inform clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.
A simple linear algebra identity to optimize large-scale neural network quantum states
Authors: Rende Riccardo , Viteritti Luciano Loris , Bardone Lorenzo , Becca Federico , Goldt Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeural-network architectures have been increasingly used to represent quantum many-body wave functions. These networks require a large number of variational parameters and are challenging to optimize using traditional methods, as gradient descent. Stochastic reconfiguration (SR) has been effective with a limited number of parameters, but becomes impractical beyond a few thousand parameters. Here, we leverage a simple linear algebra identity to show that SR can be employed even in the deep learning scenario. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by optimizing a Deep Transformer architecture with 3 × 105parameters, achieving state-of-the-art ground-state energy in theJ1–J2Heisenberg model atJ2/J1 = 0.5 on the 10 × 10 square lattice, a challenging benchmark in highly-frustrated magnetism. This work marks a significant step forward in the scalability and efficiency of SR for neural-network quantum states, making them a promising method to investigate unknown quantum phases of matter, where other methods struggle.
Novel insights into the diversity of halophilic microorganisms and their functioning in hypersaline ecosystems
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur understanding of the microbial diversity inhabiting hypersaline environments, here defined as containing >100–150 g/L salts, has greatly increased in the past five years. Halophiles are found in each of the three domains of life. Many novel types have been cultivated, and metagenomics and other cultivation-independent approaches have revealed the existence of many previously unrecognized lineages. Syntrophic interactions between different phylogenetic lineages have been discovered, such as the symbiosis between members of the archaeal class Halobacteria and the ‘Candidatus Nanohalarchaeota’. Metagenomics techniques also have shed light on the biogeography of halophiles, especially of the genera Salinibacter (Bacteria) and Haloquadratum and Halorubrum (Archaea). Exploration of the microbiome of hypersaline lakes led to the discovery of novel types of metabolism previously unknown to occur at high salt concentrations. Studies of environments with high concentrations of chaotropic ions such as magnesium, calcium, and lithium have refined our understanding of the limits of life.
Rescuing error control in crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Fischer Lutz , Rappsilber Juri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrosslinking mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to study protein-protein interactions under native or near-native conditions in complex mixtures. Through novel search controls, we show how biassing results towards likely correct proteins can subtly undermine error estimation of crosslinks, with significant consequences. Without adjustments to address this issue, we have misidentified an average of 260 interspecies protein-protein interactions across 16 analyses in which we synthetically mixed data of different species, misleadingly suggesting profound biological connections that do not exist. We also demonstrate how data analysis procedures can be tested and refined to restore the integrity of the decoy-false positive relationship, a crucial element for reliably identifying protein-protein interactions.
Effect of NiAl alloy microparticles deposited in flexible SERS substrates on the limit of detection of rhodamine B molecules
Authors: Molina A. , Oliva J. , Vazquez-Lepe M. , Lopez-Medina M. , Ojeda L. , Rios-Jara D. , Flores-Zuñiga H. 
Published: August 2024

The surface of Flexible-SERS substrates were decorated with NiAl microparticles and Ag nanoparticles. Those substrates had a limit of detection of 8.35 × 10−24 moles (∼5 molecules).
Local color display technology
Authors: Wu Weijian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe local color display technology utilizes a high refresh rate LCD open‐cell without a color filter and enables color adjustment through independent RGB backlight zones isolated by an anti‐scatter grid (ASG). Synchronized calibration between the open‐cell and the backlight zones is achieved by aligning the backlight controller with the vertical clock pulse (CPV)/vertical start pulse (STV) signals in the open‐cell gate driver, thereby determining the open‐cell scan line position. Once synchronous calibration is completed, the backlight controller refreshes the corresponding RGB backlight zones whenever the open‐cell scan line passes through them. The local color display technology can reduce the cost of open‐cell by 20%, improve resolution by three times, enhance brightness by eight times, expand the color gamut to BT2020, and improve grayscale to 32‐bits.
Application of a three‐phase unified power quality conditioner in a microgrid
Authors: Wu Tsung‐Hsun , Huang Shu‐Syuan , Chen Pei‐Yin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn power distribution systems, common issues such as voltage fluctuations, voltage instability, current harmonics, and power imbalances often arise, negatively impacting the stability and power quality (PQ) of the power system. As an advanced power electronics device, the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) can effectively address these problems. Therefore, the integration of UPQC into power distribution lines can enhance the stability and reliability of the power system, providing higher‐quality power supply to meet the needs of both users and suppliers for PQ. The authors utilise the TI TMS320F28377D chip as the control core to construct a simple yet highly efficient UPQC system. Through simulation, the correctness of the voltage and current compensation algorithms has been verified, and the overall system feasibility has been validated using a 100‐kVA series‐shunt inverter. The experimental results show that the voltage compensation range of the UPQC is 380V ± 10%. During sudden current drops, the imbalance rate can be reduced from 85.5% to 1.32% after controlled compensation. During sudden current rises, the imbalance rate can be reduced from 13.1% to 1.56% after controlled compensation. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the UPQC system in improving PQ and system stability in power distribution networks.
Tigecycline Usage for Severe Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ersayoğlu İrem , Yazıcı Özkaya Pınar , Özenen Gizem Güner , Cebeci Kübra , Arı Hatice Feray , Şahbudak Bal Zümrüt , Aydemir Sabire Şöhret , Karapınar Bülent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using tigecycline as a salvage therapy in critically ill children who did not respond to other antibiotics.
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis that included children who received tigecycline for at least 48 hours and four doses during their pediatric intensive care unit admission. Demographic and clinical features of the subjects were evaluated through a comprehensive review of medical records. The effectiveness of tigecycline was assessed by thoroughly evaluating clinical and microbiological outcomes.
Results During the study period, 72 pediatric patients with 88 episodes of infection received tigecycline according to antimicrobial susceptibility in 62.5% of cases and empirically in 37.5%. The median duration of tigecycline therapy was 10 days (range, 2–33 days). Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 17, 30.9%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 10, 18.1%). Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most common infection (n = 29). Of the 55 isolated pathogens, 43 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 2 were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) gram-negative bacteria. Clinical response and microbiological clearance were achieved in 42 and 50.9% of episodes, respectively. The overall mortality was 40.9%, with an attributable mortality rate of 29.5%.
Conclusion Tigecycline could be used as a salvage therapy for critically ill pediatric patients infected with MDR or XDR pathogens in the lack of alternative treatment options.
Author correction to “Saturated cavity ring-down spectroscopy of 12C16O2 near 1.57 μm”
Authors: Jiang Shan , Tan Yan , Liu An-Wen , Zhou Xiao-Guo , Hu Shui-Ming 
Published: August 2024

We regret to announce that there is an error in one of fund numbers in the acknowledgements of the paper titled “Saturated Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of 12C16O2 near 1.57 µm” due to the author’s typing errors. The acknowledgements were published in Chin. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 17 (2024).
The corrected acknowledgements are below:
This work was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22273096, No.41905018, and No.21903080) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2022YFF0606500).
Mg2+ substitution effect on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8−xMgxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) cathode materials for LIBs
Authors: Parajuli D. , Murali N. 
Published: August 2024

To enhance the performance of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries, novel compositions and synthesis methods are continually being explored. This study focuses on the substitution of Mg into LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 to develop LiNi0.8−xMgxCo0.1Mn0.1O2 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) cathode materials using the sol–gel auto-combustion approach. The materials synthesized at 850 °C/18 h are characterized by TG/DTA, XRD, FESEM with EDS, FT-IR, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies. XRD confirmed the rhombohedral–hexagonal structure of the system with the space group R3̄m. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated a slight agglomeration morphology and size distribution from 200 to 320 nm. The initial discharge capacities are 214.84 and 233.57 mA h g−1, tested at a rate of 0.1 C in an operating voltage range of 3.0–4.6 V, and are found to be improved for the x = 0.03 material. Compared to the undoped sample, the Mg-doped LiNi0.77Mg0.03Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibited better retention capacity (96.48%) over five cycles. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated improved cycling stability and higher anodic current for the Mg-doped samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that Mg substitution reduced the transfer resistance, enhancing the material’s conductivity and overall electrochemical performance.
Using the Knowledge to Action framework to improve housing and support for people with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cubis Lee , McDonald Sharyn , Dean Pamela , Ramme Robin , D’Cruz Kate , Topping Megan , Fisher Fiona , Winkler Di , Douglas Jacinta 
Published: August 2024

Background People with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have unique housing and support needs that are essential for maintaining independence at home; however, there is limited research to guide the design of community living options for this population. The aim of this study was to examine housing and support needs and preferences of people with MS with the intention to inform the planning of a co-designed intervention based on the study’s findings. Methods Using the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework, quantitative (n = 79) and qualitative (n = 6) data from people with MS were extracted and integrated from projects completed by the research team that explored the housing and support needs and preferences of people with disability. Results were synthesised and presented to a reference group for validation, contextualisation, and adaptation to the Australian context. Results High physical support needs were common across participants. People most commonly required home modifications to improve accessibility, such as ramps, equipment such as heating and cooling, and assistive technology. Many people required more than 8 hours per day of paid support. Moving into individualised housing facilitated independence and community reintegration. People reported gaps between what they wanted from support workers and what they received, citing individual and systemic barriers. Conclusion People with MS have support needs that require proactive and responsive funding arrangements, housing design and support provision. In line with KTA principles, findings will inform the planning of a co-designed intervention that involves people with lived experience of MS and other stakeholders to influence policy and improve home and living outcomes for this population.
Multi-Scale X-Ray Imaging Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Xu 许 Zihan 子涵 , An 安 Hanwen 汉文 , Wang 王 Jiajun 家钧 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The rapid advancement in electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage technology has raised the demands placed on rechargeable batteries. It is essential to comprehend the operational principles and degradation mechanisms of batteries across multiple scales to propel the research on rechargeable batteries for the next generation forward. Microstructure, phase information, and lattice of energy materials in both two dimensions and three dimensions can be intuitively obtained through the utilization of x-ray imaging techniques. Additionally, x-ray imaging technology is increasingly gaining attention due to its non-destructive nature and high penetrative capability, enabling in situ experiments and multi-scale spatial resolution. In this review, we initially overview the basic principles and characteristics of several key x-ray imaging technologies. Each x-ray imaging technology is tailored to specific application scenarios. Furthermore, examples of multi-scale implementations of x-ray imaging technologies in the field of rechargeable batteries are discussed. This review is anticipated to augment the comprehension of readers for x-ray imaging techniques as well as to stimulate the development of novel concepts and approaches in rechargeable battery research.
Segmentation of MHD modes using Fourier transform, wavelets and computer vision algorithms
Authors: Zapata-Cornejo E d D , Zarzoso D , Pinches S D , Sharapov S E , Fitzgerald M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity in fusion devices is typically analyzed by examining time-frequency spectrograms obtained from various diagnostics. MHD modes often co-exist with various types of noise and complex patterns generated by other events like pellet injection or active diagnostics. Traditionally, identifying MHD modes has been a manual task, making it labor-intensive. To overcome this issue, this study proposes the use of computer vision (CV) algorithms for noise removal and automatic feature extraction. First, the automatic detection of straight-line patterns is achieved by applying the Hough transform. Then, the discrete wavelet transform is proposed to break down spectrograms into sub-images of different scales, removing broadband noise and pellet injection signatures. The multiscale decomposition is subsequently extended to multiple directions using either 2D Fourier transforms or curvelets, achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio in spectrograms and eliminating undesired frequency sweeps of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes antenna. Once MHD activity is successfully enhanced, a pipeline of algorithms for ridge detection, thresholding and labeling perform a segmentation of the image, automatically labeling individual modes. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of CV algorithms for the identification of MHD modes. The use of such algorithms may potentially help in the analysis process and the creation of large databases of modes.
Impurity transport in PISCES-RF*
Authors: Dhamale G , Baldwin M J , Islam M S , Kumar A , Meyer H M , Nishijima D , Nuckols L , Patino M I , Tierens W , Tynan G R , Rapp J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Linear plasma devices (LPD) utilizing a helicon plasma source, a high density light ion source, can generate impurities due to progressive erosion of the radio frequency (RF) transmission window caused by rectified sheath voltage. These source-born impurities can entrain and be transported by the plasma toward a target, affecting plasma-material interaction studies. Earlier work on material testing in Prototype-Materials Plasma Exposure eXperiment at ORNL revealed significant source impurity deposition on downstream targets. However, using a similar RF source, no target impurity deposition is observed in Plasma Interaction Surface Component Experimental Station (PISCES)-RF despite evidence of RF window erosion in the source region, thereby motivating the present work. Experimentally, using various magnetic field configurations upstream of the PISCES-RF plasma source and seeding titanium (Ti) impurities at various axial locations, impurity transport and deposition along the machine axis were investigated. It was found that Ti deposition was localized to the side of the plasma source where the Ti impurity was seeded. In contrast, aluminum (Al) deposition, originating from the sputtering of the helicon window, occurred predominantly upstream of the plasma source, suggesting an asymmetry in the axial transport of eroded RF window material. These observations suggest a stagnation of the parallel plasma flow immediately downstream of the plasma source, with impurity ions remaining unmagnetized near the source upstream. Al deposition in magnetic field-free regions in PISCES-RF indicates that sputtered Al impurities likely remained neutral due to their large ionization mean-free path under PISCES-RF conditions. Plasma modeling and simulation supported this, indicating that Al-neutrals transport toward the helicon source upstream for low electron density cases. It was found that the Larmor radius of the Al ions was greater than the plasma radius towards the source upstream and remained weakly magnetized in PISCES-RF, meaning that plasma source-born impurities are not efficiently entrained in the plasma flow. These findings provide critical insights into impurity transport in helicon plasma-based LPDs.
The collective transportation of many self-propelled liquid metal droplets in Tesla valve
Authors: Chen Luolan , Feng Tiehong , Si Tieyan , Wu Yingjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal droplet is active particle that maintains a liquid phase at room temperature and perform Self-propelled motion in electrolyte solutions. Unlike passive rigid particles, the collective transportation of swarming liquid metal droplets is strongly influenced by the surface tension, the shape deformation, the collision dynamics and the coalescence process of liquid metal droplets. We drive the swarming micron-sized Galinstan droplets to pass a Tesla microfluidic valve by applying external electric field, the diodicity of liquid metal droplet flow in Tesla valve is verified experimentally, which increases with respect to an increasing voltage. Theoretical simulations of flow field within the Tesla microfluidic valve suggested different turbulent flow field with opposite input flows. The coalescence of liquid metal droplets was enhanced when the Tesla valve blocks the flow. The collective transportation of swarming self-propelled liquid metal droplets has promising applications in biomedics, flexible electronics and swarm microrobotic technology.