bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transanal dearterialization with targeted mucopexy is effective for advanced haemorrhoids
Authors: Giordano P. , Tomasi I. , Pascariello A. , Mills E. , Elahi S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTransanal haemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD) has become well established for the treatment of haemorrhoids. In this study we describe a technical modification of this technique, targeted mucopexy (THD TM), and report the results for advanced haemorrhoids.MethodThe study included a prospective evaluation of patients with Grade IV (fourth‐degree) haemorrhoids operated on with the THD TM technique. This consisted of an initial dearterialization when the haemorrhoidal arteries were transfixed and a second phase of mucopexy, using a different needle from that usually used in the original technique.ResultsFrom January 2007 to December 2011, 31 consecutive patients with Grade IV haemorrhoids were operated on using the THD TM technique. Postoperative pain was reported by 22 (70%) patients on day 1 and 19 (61%) on day 7, while nine (30%) did not experience any pain at all. Severe pain was reported by only nine (16%) patients. At a mean follow‐up of 32 months, two (6.4%) patients required a further intervention for on‐going symptoms.ConclusionTransanal haemorrhoidal dearterialization TM is effective for advanced haemorrhoids.
Metapopulation persistence and species spread in river networks
Authors: Mari Lorenzo , Casagrandi Renato , Bertuzzo Enrico , Rinaldo Andrea , Gatto Marino 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRiver networks define ecological corridors characterised by unidirectional streamflow, which may impose downstream drift to aquatic organisms or affect their movement. Animals and plants manage to persist in riverine ecosystems, though, which in fact harbour high biological diversity. Here, we study metapopulation persistence in river networks analysing stage‐structured populations that exploit different dispersal pathways, both along‐stream and overland. Using stability analysis, we derive a novel criterion for metapopulation persistence in arbitrarily complex landscapes described as spatial networks. We show how dendritic geometry and overland dispersal can promote population persistence, and that their synergism provides an explanation of the so‐called `drift paradox’. We also study the geography of the initial spread of a species and place it in the context of biological invasions. Applications concerning the persistence of stream salamanders in the Shenandoah river, and the spread of two invasive species in the Mississippi‐Missouri are also discussed.
A crystal plasticity based methodology for fatigue crack initiation life prediction in polycrystalline copper
Authors: Voothaluru R. , Liu C. Richard 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFatigue failure is the dominant mechanism that governs the failure of components and structures in many engineering applications. In conventional engineering applications due to the design specifications, a significant proportion of the fatigue life is spent in the crack initiation phase. In spite of the large number of works addressing fatigue life modelling, the problem of modelling crack initiation life still remains a major challenge in the scientific and engineering community. In the present work, we present a methodology for estimating fatigue crack initiation life using macroscale loading conditions and the microstructural phenomenon causing crack initiation. Microstructure sensitive modelling is used for predicting potential crack initiation life by employing randomly generated representative microstructures. The microstructural parameters contributing to crack initiation life are identified and accounted for by computing lattice level energy dissipation during fatigue crack initiation. This model is coupled with experimental results to improve the predictive capabilities and identification of potentially damaging weak points in the microstructures. The estimated values for crack initiation life were found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed values of initiation life. The results have shown that this kind of approach could be successfully used to predict crack initiation life in polycrystalline materials. This work successfully provides an approach for estimating crack initiation life based upon numerical computations accounting for the microstructural phenomenon.
The Police, Sex Work, and Section 14 of the Policing and Crime Act 2009
Authors: Kingston Sarah , Thomas Terry 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article considers the origins and aims of Section 14 of the Policing and Crime Act 2009 and the offence of paying for the sexual services of a prostitute who has been subject to exploitative conduct; this offence is one of ‘strict liability’. Section 14 was implemented on 1 April 2010 and using the Freedom of Information Act 2000 the authors have attempted to show the number of times Section 14 has been used by the police in England and Wales since the Act became law; how the Act has been used and the outcome of the use of this section.
Bidirectional Energy Transfer in Bi‐Tm‐Codoped Glasses
Authors: Li Yang , Ma Zhijun , Sharafudeen Kaniyarakkal , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2014

In this manuscript, we report an ultrabroadband luminescence covering the whole 1000–1800 nm in singly doping glass, and a superbroadband emission from 1000 to 2000 nm in ‐Tm3+‐codoped glasses excited at 808, 980 nm, respectively. We also confirm a bidirectional energy transfer mechanism between and Tm3+. Broadband luminescence is used to realize 1–2 μm optical amplifier and tunable laser. Luminescent properties of glasses are investigated systematically. Peak position and intensity of the near‐infrared emission depend strongly on excitation wavelength. Based on a collaborative investigation of the photoluminescence and luminescence decay, a plausible bidirectional energy transfer mechanism between and Tm3+ is confirmed.
Comparison of flavonoids profile in sprouts of common buckwheat cultivars and wild tartary buckwheat
Authors: Wiczkowski Wiesław , Szawara‐Nowak Dorota , Dębski Henryk , Mitrus Joanna , Horbowicz Marcin 
Published: January 2014

SummaryIn this study, major types of flavonoids in 7‐day sprouts of five common buckwheat cultivars grown in Poland (Hruszowska, Kora, Panda, Luba and Emka) and wild tartary buckwheat were investigated. Results demonstrated that sprouts of common buckwheat cultivars and wild tartary buckwheat contained both known and a newly discovered flavonol: quercetin 3‐O‐galactosyl‐rhamnoside. An exceptionally high content of this flavonoid was found in cotyledons of wild tartary buckwheat (30.79 ± 0.14 mg g−1 DW), exceeding about 10 times level of rutin (3.16 ± 0.07 mg g−1 DW). The results are not consistent with the data published so far on the content of flavonoids in sprouts of tartary buckwheat. Higher levels of flavonoids were measured in cotyledons than in hypocotyls with the exception of anthocyanins, which were present in higher amounts in hypocotyls. Cotyledons of common buckwheat sprouts were rich in C‐glycosides of luteolin and apigenin, the total content of which exceeded ca. 5 times the concentration of rutin.
Connectedness and its consequences: a study of relationships with the natural environment
Authors: Sparks Paul , Hinds Joe , Curnock Susan , Pavey Louisa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecent interest in people's engagement with the natural environment has resulted in a series of empirical measures and important research findings. Two studies reported here complement this literature in producing a concise measure of connectedness to the natural environment and assessing its independent predictive impact within the structure of the theory of planned behavior. In Study 1 (n = 71), new measures of connectedness and caring were constructed; in Study 2 (n = 163), the connectedness measure was shown to be an independent predictor of people's intentions to reduce personal energy consumption levels. It is suggested that the measure of connectedness may capture some identity‐related and/or affective experience that impacts (independently of more cognitive predictors) upon people's motivation in this domain.
Divorce, conflict, and mental health: how the quality of intimate relationships is linked to post‐divorce well‐being
Authors: Symoens Sara , Colman Elien , Bracke Piet 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPartner relationships, including new relationships after divorce, are found to be beneficial for mental health. However, the impact of their quality remains unclear; this uncertainty applies to past and ongoing relationships between ex‐spouses as well. We study the relationship between conflict—in the prior marriage, with the ex‐partner, with a new partner—and both positive and negative mental health. Multilevel linear models are carried out on a subsample of 892 divorcees from the dataset “Divorce in Flanders.” Living together with a new partner, either in marriage or cohabitation, seems beneficial for mental health, even in cases of (high) conflict. Nevertheless, conflict places a burden on well‐being, especially for women in nonmarital relationships. Ongoing conflict with the ex‐spouse is also damaging for mental health. In contrast, prior marital conflict does not relate to lower, but to slightly higher, levels of life satisfaction after divorce.
Attributions for sexual orientation vs. stereotypes: how beliefs about value violations account for attribution effects on anti‐gay discrimination
Authors: Reyna Christine , Wetherell Geoffrey , Yantis Caitlyn , Brandt Mark J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAttributions for sexual orientation strongly predict opposition to gay rights policies; however, we propose that beliefs that gays and lesbians violate important values drive gay rights opposition and account for the relationship between attributions and anti‐gay discrimination. In two studies, we found that beliefs that gays and lesbians violate values accounted for much of the relationship between attributions and anti‐gay discrimination. In addition, these stereotypes were the most powerful predictors of opposition to gay rights when both value violations and attributions were included in the model. Results also demonstrated that violations of specific values predicted opposition to policies relevant to those values. This suggests that attributions of choice over sexual orientation are less relevant for predicting opposition to gay rights than beliefs about choice to uphold or violate values.
Inhibition of spring viraemia of carp virus replication in an Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line by RNAi
Authors: Gotesman M , Soliman H , Besch R , El‐Matbouli M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSpring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is an aetiological agent of a serious disease affecting carp farms in Europe and is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family of viruses. The genome of SVCV codes for five proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (L). RNA‐mediated interference (RNAi) by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a powerful tool to inhibit gene transcription and is used to study genes important for viral replication. In previous studies regarding another member of Rhabdoviridae, siRNA inhibition of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene provided in vitro and in vivo protection against rabies. In this study, synthetic siRNA molecules were designed to target SVCV‐N and SVCV‐P transcripts to inhibit SVCV replication and were tested in an epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line. Inhibition of gene transcription was measured by real‐time quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR). The efficacy of using siRNA for inhibition of viral replication was analysed by RT‐qPCR measurement of a reporter gene (glycoprotein) expression and by virus endpoint titration. Inhibition of nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein gene expression by siRNA reduced SVCV replication. However, use of tandem siRNAs that target phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein worked best at reducing SVCV replication.
The application of water soluble, mega‐Stokes‐shifted BODIPY fluorophores to cell and tissue imaging
Authors: MORIARTY R. D. , MARTIN A. , ADAMSON K. , O'REILLY E. , MOLLARD P. , FORSTER R. J. , KEYES T. E. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBODIPY (4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) fluorophores are widely used in bioimaging to label proteins, lipids and nucleotides, but in spite of their attractive optical properties they tend to be prone to self‐quenching because of their notably small Stokes shift. Herein, we compare two BODIPY compounds from a recently developed family of naphthyridine substituted BODIPY derivatives, one a visible emitting derivative (BODIPY‐VIS) and one a near‐infrared emitting fluorophore with a Stokes shift of approximately 165 nm as contrast reagents for live mammalian cells and murine brain tissue. The compounds were rendered water soluble by their conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both PEGylated compounds exhibited good cell uptake compared with their parent compounds and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed all dyes explored to be nuclear excluding, localizing predominantly within the lipophilic organelles; the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that these BODIPY derivatives are modestly cytotoxic at concentrations exceeding 10 μM where they induce apoptosis and necrosis. Although the quantum yield of emission of the visible emitting fluorophore was over an order of magnitude greater than the Mega‐Stokes shifted probe, the latter showed considerably reduced tendency to self quench and less interference from autofluorescence. The near‐infrared probe also showed good penetrability and staining in live tissue samples. In the latter case similar tendency to exclude the nucleus and to localize in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was observed as in live cells. This to our knowledge is the first demonstration of such a Mega‐Stokes BODIPY probe applied to cell and tissue imaging.
The impact of shiftwork on health: a literature review
Authors: Matheson Annabel , O'Brien Louise , Reid Jo‐Anne 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo identify the impact of shiftwork on individuals and their lives and to discuss the implications this has for nurses and nursing.BackgroundThe context of shiftwork in the early 21st century is changing rapidly, and those involved in or required to work shiftwork are now spread over many different sectors of the community. In the Australian community, 16% of workers regularly work shiftwork. Most nurses undertake shiftwork at some time in their career, and health services could not operate without a shiftworking nursing workforce.DesignNarrative literature review.MethodsA narrative review of journal articles was conducted. Databases searched were CINAHL, EBSCO Host, JSTOR, Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms used were ‘shiftwork’ and ‘shift work’. Limitations included ‘English language’, ‘published between 1980–2013’ and ‘human’.ResultsReviewed for this paper were 118 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results were categorised using thematic analysis. Themes that emerged were physical and psychosocial health, and sleep. Findings will be explored under these themes.ConclusionsShiftwork research has mainly focussed on the physiological and psychosocial health and sleep effects. Absent from the literature are studies focussing on the personal experience of the shiftworker and how workers mediate the effects of shiftwork and how shiftwork fits into the rest of their lives. Therefore, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how people ‘manage’ their shiftwork, and further research needs to be undertaken in this area.Relevance to clinical practiceWorking shifts for nurses is a reality that comes with the profession. While there is a significant body of research on shiftwork, little of this has been specifically applied to nursing, and the implications for individual nurses needing to care for their own health have not been drawn.
Symptom cluster, healthcare use and mortality in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Park Soo Kyung , Larson Janet L 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo examine how subgroups of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, identified by ratings of symptoms (dyspnoea, anxiety, depression and fatigue), affect healthcare use and mortality.BackgroundPeople with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often experience multiple symptoms. The importance of multiple symptoms and symptom clusters has received increased attention. However, little is known about symptom clusters and their effect on healthcare use and mortality in this population.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis secondary data analysis used data from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. Participants (n = 597) had severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data that were drawn from structured interviews, questionnaires and clinical measures.ResultsThree subgroup clusters emerged based on four symptom ratings. Mean age, proportion with higher education, proportion using oxygen, disease severity, exercise capacity and quality of life differed significantly between subgroups. Participants with high levels of symptoms used healthcare services more and were more likely to have died at the five‐year follow‐up than those with low levels of symptoms. Symptom cluster subgroups had more significant relationship with mortality than single symptoms.ConclusionPatients with high levels of symptoms require greater clinical attention.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding subgroups of patients, based on symptom ratings and their adverse effect on outcomes, may enable healthcare providers to assess multiple symptoms and identify subgroups of patients at risk of increased healthcare use and mortality. Targeting modifiable symptoms within the cluster may be more beneficial than focusing on a single symptom for certain health‐related outcome.
Nursing students' perceptions of their clinical learning environment in placements outside traditional hospital settings
Authors: Bjørk Ida T , Berntsen Karin , Brynildsen Grethe , Hestetun Margrete 
Published: January 2014

Aims and objectivesTo explore students' opinions of the learning environment during clinical placement in settings outside traditional hospital settings.BackgroundClinical placement experiences may influence positively on nursing students attitudes towards the clinical setting in question. Most studies exploring the quality of clinical placements have targeted students' experience in hospital settings. The number of studies exploring students' experiences of the learning environment in healthcare settings outside of the hospital venue does not match the growing importance of such settings in the delivery of health care, nor the growing number of nurses needed in these venues.DesignA survey design was used.MethodThe Clinical Learning Environment Inventory was administered to two cohorts of undergraduate nursing students (n = 184) after clinical placement in mental health care, home care and nursing home care.ResultsNursing students' overall contentment with the learning environment was quite similar across all three placement areas. Students in mental health care had significantly higher scores on the subscale individualisation, and older students had significantly higher scores on the total scale. Compared with other studies where the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory has been used, the students' total scores in this study are similar or higher than scores in studies including students from hospital settings.ConclusionResults from this study negate the negative views on clinical placements outside the hospital setting, especially those related to placements in nursing homes and mental healthcare settings.Relevance to clinical practiceStudents' experience of the learning environment during placements in mental health care, home care and nursing homes indicates the relevance of clinical education in settings outside the hospital setting.
Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Dogs with T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Warry E.E. , Willcox J.L. , Suter S.E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPeripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation (PBHCT) is a feasible treatment option for dogs with B‐cell lymphoma.ObjectiveTo examine apheresis andPBHCToutcomes in dogs diagnosed with T‐cell lymphoma (TCL).AnimalsFifteen client‐owned dogs diagnosed with high‐gradeTCL.MethodsAfter high‐dose cyclophosphamide and rhG‐colony‐stimulating (rhG‐CSF) factor treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected using cell separators. The harvested cells then were infused after varying doses of total body irradiation (TBI). Postirradiation adverse effects were managed symptomatically and dogs were discharged upon evidence of hematopoietic engraftment.ResultsMore than 2 × 106CD34+ cells/kg were harvested from 15/15 dogs. Thirteen of 15 (87%) dogs engrafted appropriately, whereas 2 (13%) of the dogs died in the hospital. One dog developed cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma 120 days post‐PBHCT. The median disease‐free interval and overall survival (OS) of the 13 dogs transplanted in first remission from the time ofPBHCTwere 184 and 240 days, respectively. Stage and substage of disease at diagnosis had no effect onOS. Two of 13 (15%) dogs were alive 741 and 772 days post‐PBHCT.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePBHCTmay be considered as a treatment option for dogs withTCL.
Severe childhood asthma and allergy to furry animals: Refined assessment using molecular‐based allergy diagnostics
Authors: Konradsen Jon R. , Nordlund Björn , Onell Annica , Borres Magnus P. , Grönlund Hans , Hedlin Gunilla 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundAllergy to cats and dogs and polysensitization towards these animals are associated with severe childhood asthma. Molecular‐based allergy diagnostics offers new opportunities for improved characterization and has been suggested to be particularly useful in patients with polysensitization and/or severe asthma. The aim was to use extract‐ and molecular‐based allergy diagnostics to compare patterns of IgE sensitization towards aeroallergens in children with problematic severe and controlled asthma.MethodsChildren with a positive ImmunoCAP towards any furry animal (cat, dog or horse) were recruited from a Nationwide Swedish study on severe childhood asthma. Severe (n = 37, age 13 years) and controlled (n = 28, age 14 years) asthmatics underwent assessment of allergic sensitization by ImmunoCap (kUA/l) and immunosolid‐phase allergen chip (ISAC). In addition, Asthma Control Test, spirometry and a methacholine challenge were performed.ResultsChildren with severe asthma had lower asthma control (p < 0.001) and FEV1 (p = 0.001) and more bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (p = 0.008) in spite of high doses of inhaled steroids (≥800 μg budesonide). Children with severe asthma displayed higher levels of IgE antibodies towards cat (17 vs. 3.9, p = 0.027), dog (3.8 vs. 1.2, p = 0.012) and horse (7.4 vs. 0.7, p = 0.014). Sensitization towards Can f 2 (22% vs. 0%, p = 0.009) and Equ c 1 (51% vs. 25%, p = 0.03) was more common in severe asthma. IgE levels towards Equ c 1 correlated with asthma control (r = −0.41, p = 0.04).ConclusionChildren with severe allergic asthma had higher sIgE levels to cat, dog and horse. Molecular‐based allergy diagnostics revealed a more complex molecular spreading of allergen components in children with the most severe disease.