bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Art of the Impossible? A Case Study and Reflections on the Experience of Art in a Rural Kenyan Primary School
Authors: Gregory Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe arguments for, and justification of, the value of teaching art in school have been made previously, but contextually these are often situated in Western affluence. This article explores the issues with a strikingly contrasted setting. The rural school in the study is approximately 30 minutes' drive from the nearest town, and the pupils are drawn from the surrounding rural bush area which is itself developmentally and materially poor in comparison to the UK. In school, the poverty seemed initially to relate to a lack of educational resources, but the reality experienced in the classroom may have also been linked to other issues. These included the desperate preoccupation with survival in difficult climatic conditions, a postcolonial legacy and the delicate balance of utilising resources without waste. What conclusions might then be drawn about the teaching of art? Utilising the work of others who have considered the issues in Kenya, this small‐scale ethnographic case study is presented with personal reflection and observations. The author would be pleased to hear from others with similar experiences or who have recognised additional issues in seemingly challenging circumstances.
Body‐Building: A Female Student's Use of the Transitional Spaces of a Painting Degree Course to Explore her Sexual Desirability and Aesthetics as a ‘Grotesque’ Female Body
Authors: Chittenden Tara 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhilst a part of the fine art degree course is about teaching technical skills and learning from tutor/peer group crits, a larger part is about the facilitation of a ‘safe’ and structured space in which students gain the confidence to experiment with personal ideas, to hone a self‐critical reflection and understand who they are as individuals, before being cast out into the world as ‘artist’. In this article I examine the thought processes and decision‐making of one undergraduate female painting student. For this student, who struggled to find her own ‘grotesque’ female body image in the canon of art historical works or contemporary popular media, the spaces of the painting degree course created a frame for possible enactments of identity and desire, as well as for playing with roles and practices. Through a mix of interviews with the student, viewing her visual work and written narratives, I analyse how she was able to carve out a space for her visual representation within the institutional frame. My analysis reveals how this student uses the transitional spaces of the degree course to develop creative strategies through which to explore her sexual desirability and aesthetic self. As an individual who felt marginalised from the visual realm of the ‘body beautiful’, the degree course offered an important refuge where she could examine how she felt about her own body and develop a confidence and character to present her body to the world.
Making Meaningful: Intention in Children's Art Making
Authors: Malin Heather 
Published: October 2014

AbstractChildren's art work has often been the subject of study by researchers seeking to gain insight into the role of art making in children's learning and development. However, rarely are children's own explanations of their art making used to inform these studies. Children's perceptions of their own art making are important for research and practice in art education, because their artistic experiences and motivations determine how they will engage in and respond to art making activities. This study used ethnographic methods to learn about the art making that took place over the course of one year in an elementary school art room, and to gain insight into the students' experiences and perceptions of art‐making activity. Data were analysed using a socio‐cultural framework. By asking children why they made art and exploring children's own explanations of their art making, this study reveals some of the important intentions that children bring to their artistic activity, and some of the ways that children make meaning through art making.
A Chaotic Intervention: Creativity and Peer Learning in Design Education
Authors: Budge Kylie , Beale Claire , Lynas Emma 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPeer feedback and critique is integral to the creative practice of studio‐based textile designers. In a creative learning context, how do students perceive the role of peer feedback and critique? What conditions do students identify as being important to stimulating creativity in a collaborative peer feedback and critique‐driven learning environment?This article highlights research conducted in one undergraduate textile design programme of an urban Australian university based on a small‐scale designed learning intervention. Our study set out to explore: (1) what students thought about creativity; (2) the conditions which supported its development; and (3) the role of peer learning and critique in the learning experience of design students in a studio‐based environment. Qualitative data were collected from students about their views on creativity, peer learning and the intersection of these two areas both prior to and after the intervention. Staff observations and reflections were also explored. Findings include an increased awareness of the role of peer learning in the creative process for the majority of students. For staff, important revelations unfolded about the role of the group in peer learning and critiques, the elusive nature of creativity itself, the inherent nature of creative disciplines, and the importance of particular physical and mental environment(s) in creative studio‐based learning and teaching.This study highlighted that studio‐based learning environments (involving peer feedback and critique as a critical component of the creative process) need to consider the group dynamic at play and carefully design learning interventions accordingly.
Between invisible defects and visible impact: the life experiences of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Chiang Yueh‐Tao , Chen Chi‐Wen , Su Wen‐Jen , Wang Jou‐Kou , Lu Chun‐Wei , Li Yuh‐Fen , Moons Philip 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo describe the life experiences of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease.BackgroundOwing to medical advances, most children with congenital heart disease are expected to survive into adulthood. The transitional development from adolescence to adult is the critical period for fostering self‐care.DesignDescriptive phenomenological study.MethodsThirty‐five patients of 15–24 years old with congenital heart disease were recruited from paediatric cardiology clinics by purposive sampling. They were individually interviewed between October 2012–February 2013 using a semi‐structured interview guideline and joined adult congenital heart disease clinics at two medical centres in northern Taiwan. The data were analysed using descriptive phenomenological method developed by Giorgi.FindingsThe essence of the life experience of adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease involves a dynamic process of moving between invisible defects and coexistence with the disease. Six themes emerged: (1) invisible defects: the existence of imperfect understanding; (2) conflict: interpersonal frustrations; (3) imbalance: the loss of self‐balance; (4) suffering: increasing anxiety; (5) encounters: meeting needs; and (6) coexistence: positive coping strategies.ConclusionAs patients with congenital heart disease transition from adolescence into adulthood, they must learn about their disease, overcome frustration and anxiety and develop self‐care strategies for coexisting with congenital heart disease. Results of this study may serve as clinical care guidelines for adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease and give a reference for developing transitional intervention strategies.
Individual genetic and genomic variation: a new opportunity for personalized nursing interventions
Authors: Munro Cindy L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsA discussion of the potential for improving nursing interventions through tailoring in consideration of patients’ individual genetic/genomic variation.BackgroundNurses have not yet maximized use of genetic/genomic information in planning and delivering nursing care outside of the context of monogenetic disease. Approaches from personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics have not yet been applied to development or delivery of nursing interventions. There are potentially many nursing interventions that would be more effective if they were individually tailored to the patient's genetic/genomic profile.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesPublished literature from 2008–2014 (one legacy paper from 1994 is also cited); Wellcome Trust and Genome.gov websites.Implications for nursingThere is a need for development of genetic/genomic research that directly addresses questions vital to nursing science, including biological plausibility studies. Research is also needed to inform the design and delivery of nursing interventions for common complex diseases tailored to consider genetic/genomic variability. Predicting responses to nursing interventions based on genetic/genomic variability may increase the probability that the first intervention employed will lead to optimal outcomes for each patient.ConclusionIntegrating genetic/genomic variability, from biological plausibility research through intervention research into evidence‐based practice, has the potential to move nursing forward.
Academic career intention beyond the PhD: can the theory of planned behavior explain gender differences?
Authors: Evers Andrea , Sieverding Monika 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAre women less interested in becoming professors than men? We applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate the intention to pursue an academic career. Postdocs who recently finished their PhD at a German university participated in an online survey (N = 380, mean age: 33; 45% women). Women reported lower academic career intentions (d = 0.40); TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, self‐efficacy) explained 87% of this gender difference. At an 8 month follow‐up, we found no gender difference in the intention to continue in an academic career among the postdocs who were still working in academia (n = 129). Addressing TPB constructs early in women's academic careers could encourage them to remain in academia and strive for a professorship.
Large‐scale international study enhances understanding of an emerging acne population: adult females
Authors: Dréno B. , Thiboutot D. , Layton A.M. , Berson D. , Perez M. , Kang S. ,   the Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is increasingly recognized in adult women; however, few studies have formally evaluated the clinical presentation and factors associated with acne in this population.MethodsThis prospective, observational international study evaluated the clinical characteristics and lifestyle correlates of acne in adults (≥25 years) at a dermatology visit for acne. Investigators conducted a detailed clinical examination and administered a validated questionnaire that covered medical history, disease evolution, lifestyle habits, previous treatments, skin care and quality of life.ResultsIn this study (n = 374), acne was mild or clear/almost clear in 47.3% of subjects; however, the study visit was not required to be an initial consultation for acne and as such, many patients were already on treatment. Most women (89.8%) had acne involving multiple facial zones (cheeks, forehead, mandibular area, temples) with a spectrum of facial acne severity similar to adolescents. Mixed facial acne (both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions present) was the most common presentation; 6.4% of women had inflammatory acne only (no non‐inflammatory lesions reported) and 17.1% had comedonal acne with no inflammatory lesions. Truncal acne was present in 48.4% of patients. A small subset (11.2%) had acne localized only to the mandibular area. Compared to the women without localized acne, those with mandibular acne were more likely to be employed (90.5% vs. 78.6%), reported greater daily stress levels (5.8 vs. 5.1), and were more likely to say their jobs were psychologically stressful (71.4% vs. 57.5%). Women with mandibular acne alone were significantly less likely to have a global acne severity rating of moderate or higher (7.1% vs. 50.1%), truncal acne (19.0% vs. 51.9%), post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (23.8% vs. 51.9%) and erythema (19.0% vs. 48.4%). At the completion of the study visit, this group was also more likely to receive a prescription for an anti‐androgen (16.7% vs. 7.7%).ConclusionsThis study represents the first objective assessment of the facial distribution of acne lesions in adult women presenting to the dermatology office. The data surprisingly indicate that the acne distribution in almost 90% of cases is similar to that seen in adolescent acne. The stereotype of adult female acne being due to hormonal disturbances presenting as inflammatory acne localized only to the mandibular area was not found in the majority of this large group. The large majority (93.7%) of women had facial comedones. We recommend that the general treatment approach for adult acne should include agents that target each of the acne lesion subtypes. Subgroup analyses of recent large‐scale controlled clinical trials have shown that many adult women respond well to standard first‐line acne therapy.
Adaptive landscape and functional diversity of Neotropical cichlids: implications for the ecology and evolution of Cichlinae (Cichlidae; Cichliformes)
Authors: Arbour J. H. , López‐Fernández H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMorphological, lineage and ecological diversity can vary substantially even among closely related lineages. Factors that influence morphological diversification, especially in functionally relevant traits, can help to explain the modern distribution of disparity across phylogenies and communities. Multivariate axes of feeding functional morphology from 75 species of Neotropical cichlid and a stepwise‐AIC algorithm were used to estimate the adaptive landscape of functional morphospace in Cichlinae. Adaptive landscape complexity and convergence, as well as the functional diversity of Cichlinae, were compared with expectations under null evolutionary models. Neotropical cichlid feeding function varied primarily between traits associated with ram feeding vs. suction feeding/biting and secondarily with oral jaw muscle size and pharyngeal crushing capacity. The number of changes in selective regimes and the amount of convergence between lineages was higher than expected under a null model of evolution, but convergence was not higher than expected under a similarly complex adaptive landscape. Functional disparity was compatible with an adaptive landscape model, whereas the distribution of evolutionary change through morphospace corresponded with a process of evolution towards a single adaptive peak. The continentally distributed Neotropical cichlids have evolved relatively rapidly towards a number of adaptive peaks in functional trait space. Selection in Cichlinae functional morphospace is more complex than expected under null evolutionary models. The complexity of selective constraints in feeding morphology has likely been a significant contributor to the diversity of feeding ecology in this clade.
An experimental means of transmitting pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. fry in freshwater
Authors: Cano I , Joiner C , Bayley A , Rimmer G , Bateman K , Feist S W , Stone D , Paley R 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA challenge model for pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. fry, was developed comparing two salmonid alphavirus (SAV) subtypes: SAV1 and SAV5. Viral doses of 3 × 105 TCID50 mL−1 for SAV1 and 3 × 104 for SAV5 were tested in triplicate tanks, each containing 450 salmon fry. Cumulative mortalities of 1.2% were recorded. Titres of virus recovered from the mortalities ranged from 102 to 107 TCID50 mL−1. Fry were sampled at 3, 5 and 7.5 weeks post‐challenge. Sampling after 3 weeks revealed a high prevalence of infection in the absence of clinical signs, and infectious virus was recovered from 80% and 43% of sampled fry infected with SAV1 and SAV5, respectively. After 5 weeks pancreas, heart and red skeletal muscle lesions were generally observed, whilst degeneration in white skeletal muscle was observed only in fish infected with SAV1. In situ hybridisation confirmed the presence of viral genome in infected pancreas, heart and muscle. After 7.5 weeks, infectious virus (both isolates) was recovered from 13.3% of the fish sampled, with a viral titre of 102 TCID50 mL−1. Clearly, salmon fry are susceptible to SAV infection and pancreas disease.
Serotonin transporter polymorphism modifies the association between depressive symptoms and sleep onset latency complaint in elderly people: results from the ‘InveCe.Ab’ study
Authors: Polito Letizia , Davin Annalisa , Vaccaro Roberta , Abbondanza Simona , Govoni Stefano , Racchi Marco , Guaita Antonio 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPrevious studies have documented the involvement of the central nervous system serotonin in promoting wakefulness. There are few and conflicting results over whether there is an actual association between bearing the short allele of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5‐HTTLPR) and worse sleep quality. This study examined whether sleep onset latency complaint is associated with the 5‐HTTLPR triallelic polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene promoter and whether this polymorphism influences the relationship between sleep onset latency complaint and depressive symptoms in elderly people. A total of 1321 community‐dwelling individuals aged 70–74 years were interviewed for sleep onset latency complaint and for sleep medication consumption. Participants’ genomic DNA was typed for 5‐HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale Short form and general medical comorbidity was assessed by the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale. The presence of a past history of depression was recorded. The S′ allele of the 5‐HTTLPR triallelic polymorphism was associated with sleep onset latency complaint. This association was maintained after adjusting for depressive symptoms, sex, age, history of depression and medical comorbidity. After stratification for 5‐HTTLPR/rs25531, only in S′S′ individuals high depressive symptoms were actually associated with sleep onset latency complaint. These data indicate that the low‐expressing 5‐HTTLPR triallelic polymorphism is an independent risk factor for sleep onset latency disturbance. Furthermore, the 5‐HTTLPR genotype influences the association between depressive symptoms and sleep onset latency complaint.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and prebiotic prevent neonatal inflammation‐induced visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats
Authors: Kannampalli P. , Pochiraju S. , Chichlowski M. , Berg B. M. , Rudolph C. , Bruckert M. , Miranda A. , Sengupta J. N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates a positive effect of probiotics on the nervous system. The objective of this study was to determine if probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and/or prebiotics polydextrose/galactooligosaccharide (PDX/GOS) can alter the colonic sensitivity in a neonatal rat model of chronic visceral hyperalgesia and to determine whether altered sensitivity is associated with changes in neurotransmitter levels in the brain.MethodsChronic visceral hyperalgesia was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of zymosan for 3 days during postnatal day 14–16 (P14‐P16). After weaning (P21), these pups were divided into groups that received either (1) control diet (CD), (2) PDX/GOS, (3) LGG, or (4) PDX/GOS + LGG. These diets were continued until visceral sensitivity was tested at P60. The viscero‐motor response (VMR) to graded colorectal distension (CRD) was determined by measuring the electromyographic (EMG) activity from the abdominal external oblique muscles. The levels of neurotransmitters and biogenic amines were quantified in the frontal cortex, subcortex, brain stem, and cerebellum.Key ResultsAt P60, the VMR to CRD in the neonatal zymosan‐treated rats was significantly higher than neonatal saline‐treated rats. In contrast, neonatal zymosan‐treated rats that received PDX/GOS or LGG did not exhibit visceral hyperalgesia. The levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine were significantly altered in LGG‐treated rats compared to other groups.Conclusions & InferencesResults document that in rats LGG can attenuate neonatally induced chronic visceral pain measured in adulthood. Prolonged intake of LGG alters some key brain neurotransmitters and biogenic amines that could be involved in pain modulation.
Biological control of invasive plant species: a reassessment for theAnthropocene
Authors: Seastedt Timothy R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe science of finding, testing and releasing herbivores and pathogens to control invasive plant species has achieved a level of maturity and success that argues for continued and expanded use of this program. The practice, however, remains unpopular with some conservationists, invasion biologists, and stakeholders. The ecological and economic benefits of controlling densities of problematic plant species using biological control agents can be quantified, but the risks and net benefits of biological control programs are often derived from social or cultural rather than scientific criteria. Management of invasive plants is a ‘wicked problem’, and local outcomes to wicked problems have both positive and negative consequences differentially affecting various groups of stakeholders. The program has inherent uncertainties; inserting species into communities that are experiencing directional or even transformational changes can produce multiple outcomes due to context‐specific factors that are further confounded by environmental change drivers. Despite these uncertainties, biological control could play a larger role in mitigation and adaptation strategies used to maintain biological diversity as well as contribute to human well‐being by protecting food and fiber resources.ContentsSummary490I.Introduction490II.The science of biological control491III.Trajectories of biological control efforts492IV.Current research494V.Social dimensions of biological control497VI.The future for the application of biological control of plant invasions498Acknowledgements499References499