bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Nurses Have Worse Pregnancy Outcomes Than Non‐Nurses?
Authors: Yang Hui‐Ju , Kao Feng‐Yu , Chou Yiing‐Jeng , Huang Nicole , Chang Kuang‐Yi , Chien Li‐Yin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundNurses encounter multiple occupational exposures at work which may harm their reproductive health. The purpose of the study was to compare pregnancy complications and outcomes including cesarean deliveries, tocolysis, miscarriage, and preterm labor between female nurses and comparable women who were not nurses in Taiwan.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based study was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2008. We identified 3,656 pregnancies among 2,326 nurses and 111,889 pregnancies among 74,919 non‐nurses. A generalized estimating equation was used to compare risks between the two groups.ResultsThe rates of tocolysis (28.6 vs 22.3%), miscarriage (6.0 vs 5.3%), and preterm labor (8.1 vs 4.4%) were significantly higher among nurses than non‐nurses. After adjustment for background differences, nurses had significantly higher risks for cesarean section (adjusted OR 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.22]), tocolysis (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.09–1.29]), and preterm labor (OR 1.46 [95% CI 1.28–1.67]) than non‐nurses.ConclusionsNurses are at higher risk for cesarean section, tocolysis, and preterm labor than non‐nurses. Occupational exposure related to these adverse pregnancy outcomes should be examined. Strategies to decrease the risks should be developed to improve reproductive health among nurses.
Research on Youth and Political Conflict: Where Is the Politics? Where Are the Youth?
Authors: Barber Brian K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article, I use standards and expectations articulated in the late 1990s by Cairns and Dawes to evaluate research on youth experience with political conflict. The volume and visibility of work on this topic suggest progress in this area, as do research methods and the specification of social ecologies. However, researchers have persistently framed the topic narrowly as the degree to which, and how, exposure to political violence predicts mental and behavioral problems. In this review, I spell out the limits of this approach and articulate the need for taking seriously the political context as well as looking at youth as developing, competent, and engaged individuals. I offer alternative questions for research and design to encourage the field to address these complexities more adequately.
Misperceived invasion: theLusitanian slug (Arion lusitanicusauct. non‐Mabille orArion vulgarisMoquin‐Tandon 1855) is native toCentralEurope
Authors: Pfenninger Markus , Weigand Alexander , Bálint Miklós , Klussmann‐Kolb Annette 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Lusitanian slug, presumed to be native to south‐west Europe, was ranked among the 100 worst invading species in Central Europe. However, from the very beginning of its recognition in the presumed invasion area, there was little evidence that the species was actually anthropogenically introduced. We investigated the invasive status of the species by comparing specific predictions on the population genetic structure in the invasion area with the pattern actually found. In aDNA‐taxonomy approach, the species could not be found in its presumed native range. Using statistical phylogeographic techniques on a mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ZF) marker and species distribution modelling, we could show that the species is with very high probability not an invasor, but native to Central Europe. The study underlines the value of statistical phylogeography in rigorously testing hypotheses on the dynamics of biological invasions.
Livin is associated with the invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Cho Sung‐Bum , Lee Wan‐Sik , Park Young‐Lan , Kim Nuri , Oh Hyung‐Hoon , Kim Mi‐Young , Oak Chan‐Young , Chung Cho‐Yun , Park Hyung‐Chul , Kim Jong‐Sun , Myung Dae‐Seong , Kim Sang‐Hoon , Lee Kyung‐Hwa , Choi Sung‐Kyu , Joo Young‐Eun 
Published: June 2014

AimLivin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, is expressed in variable cancers, and its expression is considered a poor prognostic marker. The aims of this study were to observe the effect of Livin on the behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to evaluate its expression in HCC tissues and its relation to prognosis.MethodsThe biological effects of Livin on tumor cell behavior were investigated using siRNA in HepG2 and Chang cells. Migration, invasion and proliferation assays were performed. Flow cytometric analyses and western blotting were used to evaluate the impact of Livin on apoptosis and the cell cycle. In addition, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate Livin expression in HCC tissues.ResultsLivin knockdown suppressed tumor cell migration, invasion and proliferation in HCC cells, and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells as compared with scrambled siRNA‐transfected HCC cells. Furthermore, Livin knockdown resulted in the activation of caspases and increased apoptosis. In addition, Livin knockdown modulated cell cycle regulatory protein levels such as decrease of cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) level, and increase of CDK inhibitor (CDKI) level in HCC cells. The Livin protein level was significantly elevated in HCC tissues as compared with normal hepatic tissues. However, Livin expression was not found to be associated with clinicopathological parameters, which included patient survival.ConclusionThese results suggest that Livin is associated with invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human HCC cells.
Immunomodulatory effects of hyperthermia on resisting WSSV infection in Procambarus clarkii
Authors: Wu X , Xiong H , Wang Y , Du H 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhite spot disease remains a constant threat to aquaculture worldwide. Hyperthermia has been shown to reduce mortality in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)‐infected shrimps, but the mechanism still remains unclear. In this study, we sought to identify host immune factors that contribute to inhibition of WSSV infection during hyperthermia. In WSSV‐infected red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) cultured at 24 ± 1 °C, transcriptional levels of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene showed a modest, 2.2‐fold increase in haemocytes following 48 h post‐infection (hpi). In contrast, in WSSV‐infected crayfish cultured at 32 ± 1 °C, Hsp70 gene expression showed a rapid, 19.5‐fold induction by 4 hpi. This suggests that Hsp70 plays a positive regulatory role in resistance to WSSV infection during hyperthermia. Furthermore, total haemocyte counts (THC) and phenoloxidase (PO) activity were both significantly increased in WSSV‐infected crayfish cultured at 32 ± 1 °C by 48 hpi. Both may be critical for crayfish survival in the late stages of WSSV infection. Collectively, the up‐regulation of host protein Hsp70 expression and increase in THC and PO activity suggest that hyperthermia has immunomodulatory effect that enhanced the resistance of P. clarkii to WSSV infection.
Addressing Challenging Behavior in People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: Analyzing the Effects of Daily Practice
Authors: Poppes Petra , Van der Putten Annette A. J. , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAs some people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are at a high risk of developing a challenging behavior, it is useful to look at measures taken to prevent or diminish this type of behavior. The authors undertook a study of how self‐injurious, stereotypical, destructive, or aggressive behaviors are addressed in daily practice in residential facilities. A stratified sample of 30 people with the most severe and frequently reported challenging behaviors was selected from a dataset of 181 children and adults with PIMD. Individual comprehensive service plans were used to determine whether challenging behaviors were present and how these problems were addressed. In total, only 51.8% of the challenging behaviors that occurred were described in the individual plans, and for 53.7% of the challenging behaviors, strategies or interventions were included in the individual service plans. Only 17.2% of the cases contained goals formulated to prevent or diminish such behavior. A significant positive relationship was found between the severity of challenging behavior and the extent to which it was described in the individual comprehensive service plans. The authors also noted that interventions that were aimed at diminishing or preventing challenging behavior were highly simplistic, and virtually no goals were formulated to document, diminish, or prevent challenging behavior in people with PIMD.
Involving People With Intellectual Disabilities Within Research Teams: Lessons Learned from an Irish Experience
Authors: García Iriarte Edurne , O'Brien Patricia , Chadwick Darren 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA growing body of literature has shed light into the process of conducting research with people with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, there is limited research on the feasibility of conducting research projects including various groups of people with ID, their supporters, and researchers. This paper reviews three studies conducted with these three groups of people in light of their feasibility, the knowledge generated, and their impact on individual and social change. This study used a reflective analysis focused on the main findings from the three studies, focus groups with people with ID and supporters who conducted the research, and interviews with people to whom the findings were disseminated. The analysis suggested that a team approach including active supporters and experienced researchers was critical to their feasibility. The studies generated knowledge particularly on the perspectives of people with ID on their rights. As a result of participation in these studies, some changes at the individual and social levels occurred, but these were relatively limited. The implications of this analysis for future research are discussed in the context of the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Norwegian airline passengers are not more afraid of flying after the terror act of September 11. The flight anxiety, however, is significantly attributed to acts of terrorism
Authors: Ekeberg Øivind , Fauske Berit , Berg‐Hansen Bente 
Published: June 2014

The aim of this paper is to study: (1) the prevalence of flight anxiety among Norwegian airline passengers; (2) situations that may be of concern during flights and situations not related to flying; (3) whether passengers feel more afraid after the terror act of September 11, 2001; and (4) whether passengers were more afraid in 2002 than in 1986.A questionnaire was distributed during domestic flights in Norway in 1986 and 2002. To asses flight anxiety, a six point scale was used, from 0 = not afraid at all, to 5 = always very afraid, and sometimes avoid flying because of that. A 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the degree of anxiety. There were 50.8% who were not afraid at all. There were 12 women (5.2%) and one man (0.4%) with flight phobia. However, 22 (4.5%) had cancelled flights because of anxiety during the last two years. Situations that caused most concern during flights were turbulence and fear of terrorism and highjacking. After September 11, 48% were not more afraid, 38% a little more, 10% moderately, 3% rather much and 2% very much. The passengers, however, were not more afraid of flying in 2002 than in 1986. About 3% of Norwegian airline passengers have a flight phobia. Women are significantly more concerned than men. The impact of the terror act September 11, 2001 was rather moderate. The level of flight anxiety among Norwegian airline passengers was not significantly different in 2002 and 1986.
Alternative Sigma Factor RpoE Is Important for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Cell Envelope Stress Response and Intestinal Colonization
Authors: Haines-Menges Brandy , Whitaker W. Brian , Boyd E. Fidelma 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is a halophile that inhabits brackish waters and a wide range of hosts, including crustaceans, fish, mollusks, and humans. In humans, it is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne gastroenteritis. The focus of this work was to determine the role of alternative sigma factors in the stress response of
V. parahaemolyticus
RIMD2210633, an O3:K6 pandemic isolate. Bioinformatics identified five putative extracytoplasmic function (ECF) family of alternative sigma factors: VP0055, VP2210, VP2358, VP2578, and VPA1690. ECF factors typically respond to cell wall/cell envelope stress, iron levels, and the oxidation state of the cell. We have demonstrated here that one such sigma factor, VP2578, a homologue of RpoE from
Escherichia coli
, is important for survival under a number of cell envelope stress conditions and in gastrointestinal colonization of a streptomycin-treated adult mouse. In this study, we determined that an
rpoE
deletion mutant strain BHM2578 compared to the wild type (WT) was significantly more sensitive to polymyxin B, ethanol, and high-temperature stresses. We demonstrated that in
in vivo
competition assays between the
rpoE
mutant and the WT marked with the β-galactosidase gene
lacZ
(WBWlacZ), the mutant strain was defective in colonization compared to the WT. In contrast, deletion of the
rpoS
stress response regulator did not affect
in vivo
survival. In addition, we examined the role of the outer membrane protein, OmpU, which in
V. cholerae
is proposed to be the sole activator of RpoE. We found that an
ompU
deletion mutant was sensitive to bile salt stress but resistant to polymyxin B stress, indicating OmpU is not essential for the cell envelope stress responses or RpoE function. Overall, these data demonstrate that RpoE is a key cell envelope stress response regulator and, similar to
E. coli
, RpoE may have several factors that stimulate its function.
EWS–WT1 Oncoprotein Activates Neuronal Reprogramming Factor ASCL1 and Promotes Neural Differentiation
Authors: Kang Hong-Jun , Park Jun Hong , Chen WeiPing , Kang Soo Im , Moroz Krzysztof , Ladanyi Marc , Lee Sean Bong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The oncogenic fusion gene EWS–WT1 is the defining chromosomal translocation in desmoplastic small round-cell tumors (DSRCT), a rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a high rate of mortality. EWS–WT1 functions as an aberrant transcription factor that drives tumorigenesis, but the mechanistic basis for its pathogenic activity is not well understood. To address this question, we created a transgenic mouse strain that permits physiologic expression of EWS–WT1 under the native murine Ews promoter. EWS–WT1 expression led to a dramatic induction of many neuronal genes in embryonic fibroblasts and primary DSRCT, most notably the neural reprogramming factor ASCL1. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that EWS–WT1 directly bound the proximal promoter of ASCL1, activating its transcription through multiple WT1-responsive elements. Conversely, EWS–WT1 silencing in DSRCT cells reduced ASCL1 expression and cell viability. Notably, exposure of DSRCT cells to neuronal induction media increased neural gene expression and induced neurite-like projections, both of which were abrogated by silencing EWS–WT1. Taken together, our findings reveal that EWS–WT1 can activate neural gene expression and direct partial neural differentiation via ASCL1, suggesting agents that promote neural differentiation might offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat DSRCT. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4526–35. ©2014 AACR.
Selenium supplementation in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines levels
Authors: Daeian Nesa , Radfar Mania , Jahangard-Rafsanjani Zahra , Hadjibabaie Molouk , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play an important role in the development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) complications. We explored the effect of Selenium as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent on pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in HSCT candidates.

Findings
Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were measured in 74 patients from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. In both groups, there were 37 patients with median age of 32 years. Patients received oral Se tablets (200 mcg) or placebo twice daily beginning from the first day of high dose chemotherapy (HDC) through 14 days after HSCT. Cytokine levels were determined before starting HDC (prior to first dose of Se), 7 and 14 days after HSCT. Plasma levels of TNF-α were not significantly different between Se and control group (P = 0.13). IL-1 levels were similar between two groups (P = 0.88). No significant differences were detected in IL-6 levels between Se and control group (P = 0.96).

Conclusion
Selenium had no effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in patients undergoing HSCT. It is likely that earlier initiation and/or larger doses of Se are required to affect inflammatory cytokines significantly.
Severe form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome with multiple organ failure in a child: a case report
Authors: Mijatovic Dino , Blagaic Ana , Zupan Zeljko 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a leading cause of acute renal failure in infants and young children. It is traditionally defined as a triad of acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia that occur within a week after prodromal hemorrhagic enterocolitis. Severe cases can also be presented by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), toxic megacolon with ileus, pancreatitis, central nervous system (CNS) disorders and multiple organ failure (MOF).Case presentation: A previously healthy 4-year old Caucasian girl developed acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia following a short episode of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. In the next week of, what initially appeared as typical HUS, she developed MOF, including ileus, pancreatitis, hepatitis, coma and ARDS, accompanied by hemodynamic instability and extreme leukocytosis. Nonetheless, the girl made a complete recovery after one month of the disease. She was successfully treated in the intensive care unit and significant improvement was noticed after plasmapheresis and continuous veno-venous hemodialysis.Conclusions: Early start of plasmapheresis and meticulous supportive treatment in the intensive care unit, including renal placement therapy, may be the therapy of choice in severe cases of HUS presented by MOF. Monitoring of prognostic factors is important for early performance of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutical interventions.
Hospitalizations of Adults With Intellectual Disability in Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Johnson Tricia , Fogg Louis , Friese Tanya R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) represent a small but important group of hospitalized patients who often have complex health care needs. Individuals with ID experience high rates of hospitalization for ambulatory-sensitive conditions and high rates of hospitalizations in general, even when in formal community care systems; however, no research was found on the common reasons for which this population is hospitalized. Academic medical centers often treat the most complex patients, and data from these centers can provide insight into the needs of patient populations with complex needs. The purpose of this study was to analyze descriptive data from the UHC (formerly known as the University Healthsystem Consortium; an alliance of 115 U.S. academic medical centers and 300 of their affiliated hospitals) regarding common reasons for hospitalization, need for intensive care, and common hospitalization outcome measures of length of stay and complications for adult (age ≥ 18) patients with ID. Findings indicate the need for specific attention to the needs of hospitalized patients with ID.
Basic considerations for determining the amount of press fit in acetabular cup endoprostheses as a function of the elastic bone behavior
Authors: Winter Werner , Karl Matthias 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAcetabular cup endoprostheses are frequently placed in pelvic bone, employing the mechanical principle of press fit. While a sufficiently stable bone-implant connection is desirable, deformation of the cup and fracture of the pelvis should be avoided. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the importance of the elastic properties of bone on the amount of press fit achievable in a specific situation. On the basis of previous work describing the relation between relative bone mineral density and relative elastic modulus for cortical and trabecular bone, mechanical equations were used for analyzing the press-fit loading situation of an acetabular cup. Additionally, a two-dimensional finite element model was used for visualizing the stress and strain situation in the host bone occurring as a consequence of implant insertion, as well as the effect of moment loads acting on the acetabular cup. Given the fact that oversizing the implant for a specific recipient site is the only clinical means of optimizing press fit, knowledge of the elastic properties of the host bone before implant selection would be beneficial. Such information could, for instance, be derived from intraoperative compressive testing of the host bone.
An Arbitrary-Order and Compact-Stencil Discretization of Diffusion on General Meshes Based on Local Reconstruction Operators
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. , Ern Alexandre , Lemaire Simon 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We develop an arbitrary-order primal method for diffusion problems on general polyhedral meshes.
The degrees of freedom are scalar-valued polynomials of the same order at mesh elements and faces.
The cornerstone of the method is a local (elementwise) discrete gradient reconstruction operator.
The design of the method additionally hinges on a least-squares penalty term on faces weakly enforcing the matching between local element- and face-based degrees of freedom.
The scheme is proved to optimally converge in the energy norm and in the L2
-norm of the potential for smooth solutions.
In the lowest-order case, equivalence with the Hybrid Finite Volume method is shown.
The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments up to order 4 on several polygonal meshes.
Microbially influenced corrosion of steels by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Abdolahi Ahmad , Hamzah Esah , Ibrahim Zaharah , Hashim Shahrir 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMicrobially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a destructive type of corrosion that is initiated, facilitated, or accelerated by the presence and metabolic activity of bacteria. MIC of steels is a great issue in many industries such as marine, freshwater systems, and gas/oil pipelines.Pseudomonas aeruginosais one of the aerobic slime-forming bacteria that are ubiquitous in marine environment that corrode steel structures. This article aims to provide a review on MIC of steels caused by bacteria, mostly in the case ofP. aeruginosa. The mechanisms of MIC will be discussed based on bacteria-metal reactions and emphasize the role ofP. aeruginosaon corrosion of steels.