bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variant at 9p21 rs1333049 is associated with age of onset of coronary artery disease in a Western Indian population: a case control association study
Authors: BHANUSHALI APARNA A. , CONTRACTOR AASHISH , DAS BIBHU R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe 9p21 chromosomal region has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in many genome wide association studies (GWAS). To date no information exists regarding the rs1333039 SNP which showed the strongest association in the WTCCC GWAS with CAD risk in the Indian population. The present study attempts to replicate the findings in the Indian population.Genotyping for rs1333049 was done in 229 cases and 151 controls by allele-specific real-time assay.A higher frequency of the risk allele rs1333049C was seen in cases (0·60) as compared with controls (0·49), which associated with CAD risk both in univariate (OR = 1·564, 95%CI = 1·154–2·119, P = 0·003) and multivariate analysis (OR = 2·460, 95%CI = 1·139–5·314, P = 0·022). Increased frequency of the risk allele was seen in younger individuals with CAD where 40% individuals in the age group 30–55 years had the CC genotype as compared with 29 and 24·5% in the age group 56–65 years and > 65 years, respectively (CC versus GG, P = 0·045). Higher incidence of the CC genotype was seen in MI patients, but missed significance when compared with controls (OR = 1·361, 95%CI = 0·954–1·942, P = 0·084).In conclusion, the rs1333049 variant is significantly associated with CAD risk and also with age of onset in the Western Indian population. However there are differences in the haplotype structure of this SNP with the neighbouring rs10757278 SNP, these differences emphasize the importance of genotyping all risk variants at this locus which could underlie the differences in risk susceptibility to CAD across populations.
Livelihoods in risk: exploring health and environmental implications of e-waste recycling as a livelihood strategy in Ghana
Authors: Amankwaa Ebenezer Forkuo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGhana's pursuit of socio-economic growth has necessitated joining the information communication technology (ICT) revolution, thus increasing the consumption and obsolescence rate of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the creation of what is popularly called e-waste. The absence of legislation governing its importation and disposal, combined with the dynamics of Accra's urban economy, including neo-liberal policies and lack of formal job opportunities, has triggered people's ingenuity to engage in novel occupations such as e-waste recycling. Though a lucrative strategy, it comes with a price for those involved: environmental health risks, a fact well articulated by a burgeoning literature. Nevertheless, little empirical evidence exists relating to this perceived relationship. Using questionnaires, FGDs and in-depth interviews, this study fills the lacuna. The findings reveal that the mean daily income of an e-waste worker is GH¢30, far above the daily minimum wage of GH¢4·48. Despite the positives, the findings also show that the environment and health can be compromised.
Social representations of older adults [magget] in Dakar
Authors: MACIA ENGUERRAN , DUBOZ PRISCILLA , MONTEPARE JOANN M. , GUEYE LAMINE 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study in Dakar were twofold: to determine whether the representations of older adults are mainly positive, neutral or negative in the Senegalese capital; and to analyse the emic notions on which these age representations are based. As a first step in understanding how older adults are represented in this contemporary urban African context, a methodology was selected that is both quantitative and qualitative, including closed and open-ended questions to a representative cross-section of the Dakar population aged 20 years and over (N=600). The results indicate that representations of older adults, while heterogeneous, were mainly positive in Dakar: 63.7 per cent reported positive representations of older adults. Conversely, 17.5 per cent believed that older adults were perceived negatively. Lastly, 18.8 per cent reported that they did not perceive positive or negative social views of older adults. Representations of older adults were based on three principal notions: the value of advanced age, social usefulness of older adults and family ties. These results are discussed in the context of Dakar modernity, in comparison to Western modernity. Dakar society appears to depart from modernisation theory, as the experiential wisdom of older adults is still valued (mainly through the importance of oral tradition) and the extended family is upheld (given the permanent economic crisis the country is experiencing).
The experiences of older male adults throughout their involvement in a community programme for men
Authors: REYNOLDS KRISTIN A. , MACKENZIE COREY S. , MEDVED MARIA , ROGER KERSTIN 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCommunity programmes have been shown to provide social and emotional benefits for older adults. The vast majority of community programmes for older adults are either mixed-sex or female-oriented in their activities and composition. As such, there is a scarcity of both opportunities for, and research focusing on older male adults’ participation in community programmes geared towards men. The present study describes the experiences of older male adults throughout their involvement in a male-oriented community programme. Participants described their involvement in the community programme on the basis of their characteristics and experiences that preceded their involvement, the characteristics of their current involvement, and aspects of the programme and their participation that promoted their continued involvement. The findings of this study have potential utility for community organisations aiming to increase the involvement of older men in their programmes. Furthermore, the findings indicate that community programme participation has the potential to promote social engagement and healthy, active ageing among older men.
All-optical control and visualization of ultrafast two-dimensional atomic motions in a single crystal of bismuth
Authors: Katsuki H. , Delagnes J.C. , Hosaka K. , Ishioka K. , Chiba H. , Zijlstra E.S. , Garcia M.E. , Takahashi H. , Watanabe K. , Kitajima M. , Matsumoto Y. , Nakamura K.G. , Ohmori K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a bulk solid, optical control of atomic motion provides a better understanding of its physical properties and functionalities. Such studies would benefit from active control and visualization of atomic motions in arbitrary directions, yet, so far, mostly only one-dimensional control has been shown. Here we demonstrate a novel method to optically control and visualize two-dimensional atomic motions in a bulk solid. We use a femtosecond laser pulse to coherently superpose two orthogonal atomic motions in crystalline bismuth. The relative amplitudes of those two motions are manipulated by modulating the intensity profile of the laser pulse, and these controlled motions are quantitatively visualized by density functional theory calculations. Our control-visualization scheme is based on the simple, robust and universal concept that in any physical system, two-dimensional particle motion is decomposed into two orthogonal one-dimensional motions, and thus it is applicable to a variety of condensed matter systems.
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in cystic fibrosis: presentation, outcome and management in a tertiary hospital (2007–2012)
Authors: Subhi Rami , Ooi Rachel , Finlayson Felicity , Kotsimbos Tom , Wilson John , Lee Wei Ran , Wale Roger , Warrier Satish 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) can result in distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) due to inspissated mucus. This paper describes the clinicopathological characteristics of adult CF patients with DIOS and assesses risk factors for surgery.MethodsA retrospective audit of CF patients at the Alfred Hospital from January 2007 to February 2012 was carried out. Patients who had ‘bowel obstruction or constipation’ were abstracted from the database, and medical records were reviewed for a diagnosis of DIOS.ResultsForty‐five encounters of 35 patients were extracted. Twenty‐five (83%) patients were homozygous for the delta F508 mutations, 29 (85%) had pancreatic insufficiency and 15 (44%) had a lung transplant. Patients presented with abdominal pain (96% of encounters), nausea (76% of encounters) and vomiting (67% of encounters). Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 20 episodes. Compared with CT, abdominal X‐ray had a sensitivity of 63% (95% confidence interval (CI) 30–89%) and specificity of 33% (95% CI 8–70%) for detecting DIOS with obstruction. Forty‐one (91%) encounters resolved with medical management within 2–3 days. Three patients required surgical intervention in four episodes. Previous laparotomy (odds ratio (OR) 28.5, 95% CI 1.3–624, P = 0.03) and history of meconium ileus (OR 14, 95% CI 1–192, P < 0.05) were statistically significant predictors of progression to surgical management.ConclusionIn most patients with DIOS, the obstruction resolves with medical management. Early consultation with a CF service, assessment for a surgical abdomen and involvement of surgeons where appropriate is recommended. A history of previous laparotomy is a risk factor for the need for surgical intervention.
Respiration during sleep in children with therapy‐resistant enuresis
Authors: Nevéus Tryggve , Leissner Lena , Rudblad Stig , Bazargani Farhan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimAlthough there is a known association between enuresis and snoring or sleep apnoeas, respiration during sleep has not been thoroughly studied in enuretic children. This study was performed with the aim of filling this gap in our knowledge.MethodsThirty‐four children with therapy‐resistant enuresis, but no history of heavy snoring or sleep apnoeas, underwent sleep registrations, including standard electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) as well as registration of oxygen saturation, respiratory effort and nasal air flow. To assess nasal airway patency, rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry were performed before and after nasal decongestion.ResultsThe children were found to have a higher than expected apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI), due to a high frequency of hypopnoeas. They were also noted to have a tendency for respiratory arousals. Standard polysomnographic variables were normal.ConclusionWe provide baseline data of nocturnal respiration in enuretic children. The children were found to have subclinical signs of disordered respiration. This may be one of the explanations for their high arousal thresholds.
Common variable immunodeficiency revisited: normal generation of naturally occurring dendritic cells that respond to Toll-like receptors 7 and 9
Authors: Taraldsrud E , Fevang B , Aukrust P , Beiske K H , Fløisand Y , Frøland S , Rollag H , Olweus J 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have reduced numbers and frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs) in blood, and there is also evidence for defective activation through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Collectively, these observations may point to a primary defect in the generation of functional DCs. Here, we measured frequencies of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs) in peripheral blood of 26 CVID patients and 16 healthy controls. The results show that the patients have reduced absolute counts of both subsets. However, the decreased numbers in peripheral blood were not reflected in reduced frequencies of CD34+ pDC progenitors in the bone marrow. Moreover, studies at the single cell level showed that DCs from CVID patients and healthy controls produced similar amounts of interferon-α or interleukin-12 and expressed similar levels of activation markers in response to human cytomegalovirus and ligands for TLR-7 and TLR-9. The study represents the most thorough functional characterization to date, and the first to assess bone marrow progenitor output, of naturally occurring DCs in CVID. In conclusion, it seems unlikely that CVID is secondary to insufficient production of naturally occurring DCs or a defect in their signalling through TLR-7 or TLR-9.
Life quality and health in adolescents and emerging adults with epilepsy during the years of transition: a scoping review
Authors: Thomson Lauren , Fayed Nora , Sedarous Fady , Ronen Gabriel M 
Published: November 2013

AimsThe aims of this study were to (1) search the literature in order to identify the challenges facing adolescents and emerging adults with epilepsy; and (2) categorize these issues within both the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and an empirical model of quality of life (QOL) in childhood epilepsy.MethodWe systematically searched PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies reporting on QOL and health identified in people with epilepsy aged 12 to 29 years. Studies were limited to those that were published in the last 20 years in English, presenting the patient perspective. Data were extracted and charted using a descriptive analytical method. Identified issues were classified according to the ICF and QOL frameworks.ResultsFifty four studies were identified. Another 62 studies with potentially useful information were included as an addendum. The studies highlight a range of psychosocial issues emphasizing peer acceptance, social isolation, and feelings of anxiety, fear, and sadness.InterpretationThe ICF and QOL constructs represent useful starting points in the analytical classification of the potential challenges faced by adolescents with epilepsy. Progress is needed on fully classifying issues not included under these frameworks. We propose to expand these frameworks to include comorbidities, impending medical interventions, and concerns for future education, employment, marriage, dignity, and autonomy.
Comparison of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) to crowding and predator cues
Authors: PURANDARE SWAPNA R. , TENHUMBERG BRIGITTE , BRISSON JENNIFER A. 
Published: November 2013

Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris; Hemiptera: Aphididae) exhibit transgenerational wing polyphenism, in which unwinged females produce genetically identical winged offspring in response to environmental cues such as overcrowding and predation risk that indicate poor habitat quality.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to explore the intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids exposed to cues from ladybird predators and crowding, and their response was compared with pea aphids that were not exposed to any cues (control).
The study used cues from two different ladybird species – Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Hippodamia convergens Guérin‐Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) – to investigate whether the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids to predator cues can be generalised.
The intensity of the wing polyphenic response of pea aphids to crowding was found to be much stronger than their response to predator cues. There was no response to H. convergens cues and the response to C. septempunctata cues was mixed.
Chronic methylphenidate exposure during adolescence reduces striatal synaptic responses to ethanol
Authors: Crowley Nicole A. , Cody Patrick A. , Davis Margaret I. , Lovinger David M. , Mateo Yolanda 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDopamine (DA) plays an important role in integrative functions contributing to adaptive behaviors. In support of this essential function, DA modulates synaptic plasticity in different brain areas, including the striatum. Many drugs used for cognitive enhancement are psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), which enhance DA levels. MPH treatment is of interest during adolescence, a period of enhanced neurodevelopment during which the DA system is in a state of flux. Recent epidemiological studies report the co‐abuse of MPH and ethanol in adolescents and young adults. Although repeated MPH treatment produces enduring changes that affect subsequent behavioral responses to other psychostimulants, few studies have investigated the interactions between MPH and ethanol. Here we addressed whether chronic therapeutic exposure to MPH during adolescence predisposed mice to an altered response to ethanol and whether this was accompanied by altered DA release and striatal plasticity. C57BL/6J mice were administered MPH (3–6 mg/kg/day) via the drinking water between post‐natal days 30 and 60. Voltammetry experiments showed that sufficient brain MPH concentrations were achieved during adolescence in mice to increase the DA clearance in adulthood. The treatment also increased long‐term depression and reduced the effects of ethanol on striatal synaptic responses. Although the injection of 0.4 or 2 g/kg ethanol dose‐dependently decreased locomotion in control mice, only the higher dose decreased locomotion in MPH‐treated mice. These results suggested that the administration of MPH during development promoted long‐term effects on synaptic plasticity in forebrain regions targeted by DA. These changes in plasticity might, in turn, underlie alterations in behaviors controlled by these brain regions into adulthood.
Agreement between children aged 5–6 years and their mothers in rating child oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Abanto Jenny , Tsakos Georgios , Paiva Saul Martins , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Celiberti Paula , Bönecker Marcelo 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundStudies have assessed parent–child agreement on ratings of school‐aged children's OHRQoL. There are, however, no studies on children younger than 7 years of age.AimsThe aim was to assess the agreement between children aged 5–6 years and their mothers regarding child's oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, a total of 298 mother–child pairs (MCP), seeking the pediatric dental screening at the Dental School, University of São Paulo, completed the Brazilian version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5‐year‐old children (SOHO‐5), validated for children aged 5–6 years in Brazil. Agreement between total and items' scores was assessed using comparison and correlation analyses, by comparing the mean directional differences and by computing the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values, respectively.ResultsThe mean directional difference in the total scores was 0.13 (CI 95% −0.076; 0.338) and therefore not significant for MCP. The mean absolute difference for MCP was 1.26, representing 11% of the maximum possible score. The ICC for total score was 0.84 (CI 95% 0.798; 0.867) for MCP.ConclusionsMothers do rate their young children's OHRQoL similarly to children's self‐reports. When assessing OHRQoL of children aged 5–6 years, mothers may be reliable proxies for their young children.
Reminiscing Style During Conversations About Emotion‐laden Events and Effects of Attachment Security Among Italian Mother–Child Dyads
Authors: Coppola Gabrielle , Ponzetti Silvia , Vaughn Brian E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPrevious research has established that mothers' and children's elaborative/evaluative styles during conversations about emotion‐laden events are associated with a range of social‐cognitive accomplishments, and this has prompted researchers to identify factors that predict stylistic differences in conversation styles. The study explored whether patterns and variations in reminiscing styles reported in other cultures would be observed in an Italian sample (N = 40 dyads). Attachment security, assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview for mothers and the Q‐Sort for children, were tested as possible sources of variation in conversation style. The two reminiscing styles identified through a clustering procedure were consistent with those displayed by dyads from other cultural groups; moreover, these were significantly related to both mothers' and children's attachment security. These results extend knowledge on reminiscing conversations during early childhood to a different cultural context and contribute to an understanding of how individual differences in attachment affect partners' participation in such conversations.
Review of contributions from HDSSs to research in sexual and reproductive health in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Arthur Samuelina , Bangha Martin , Sankoh Osman 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the contributions of the INDEPTH Network of health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) members to research efforts and interventions on reproductive health in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsReview of peer‐reviewed published papers on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) that use the HDSS framework through (i) an online search for publications using terminology related to HDSS, HIV, Maternal health, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, family planning/contraceptives and fertility, and (ii) asking INDEPTH member centres for information on their published papers on SRH publications that used the HDSS framework. A paper was included in the review only if it used HDSS data, dealt with SRH issues, and had been published in a peer‐reviewed international journal.ResultsMost of the papers in the review focused on HIV, maternal health, family planning and adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). Generally, people are knowledgeable about HIV. School attendance considerably delays entry into motherhood and reduces the probability of entering into early marriage or sexual union. The general decline in maternal mortality over the last decade is partly due to better access to emergency obstetric services, improved education of women and reduction in fertility.ConclusionSexual and reproductive health is a significant public health need, yet little research has been published in this area to inform policy. The HDSS framework is ideal for SRH research, as it offers the advantage to track and monitor progress of relevant health and demographic indicators, especially in family planning, marriage and fertility studies.
A comparison of alfaxalone and propofol on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs
Authors: Hasiuk Michelle M. M. , Forde Nessa , Cooke Amy , Ramey Kelli , Pang Daniel S. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of alfaxalone and propofol on intraocular (IOP) pressure in the canine eye.Animals studiedTwenty‐three healthy adult dogs.ProceduresDogs were randomized to receive intravenous propofol (n = 11) or alfaxalone (n = 12) until loss of jaw tone, 20 min after intravenous premedication (acepromazine 0.02–0.03 mg/kg and hydromorphone 0.05–0.1 mg/kg). IOP was measured at baseline (BL), 20 min postpremedication (postpremed), loss of jaw tone (postinduct), and immediately following orotracheal intubation (postintub). Between‐ and within‐treatment effects were analyzed with two‐way and one‐way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsNo significant IOP differences were detected between alfaxalone or propofol groups at any time point (P > 0.05). Propofol: IOP did not change between BL (15.5 ± 2.7 mmHg) and postpremed (16.2 ± 3.6 mmHg, P > 0.05), or postinduct (19.1 ± 5.2 mmHg) and postintub (21.0 ± 4.6 mmHg, P > 0.05), but differed significantly between BL and postinduct (P < 0.0001), and postintub (P < 0.0001). Alfaxalone: IOP did not change between BL (15.7 ± 2.8 mmHg) and postpremed (15.3 ± 4.1 mmHg, P > 0.05), or postinduct (19.2 ± 4.9 mmHg) and postintub (20.5 ± 4.5 mmHg, P > 0.05), but differed significantly between BL and postinduct (P < 0.01), and postintub (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThese data show a potentially clinically significant increase in IOP following induction with propofol or alfaxalone, but no difference between agents.