bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Counseling Using Quartet Card Media on Brushing Behavior in School-Age Children
Authors: Dewi Ayu Ratna , A'yun Quroti , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Sulistyani Herastuti 
Published: June 2024

Background: The community's low incidence of excellent and proper brushing behavior, which is primarily displayed by children (about 2%), is increasing the prevalence of dental decay. By employing the playing strategy, specifically with four card media, which has its own appeal due to the intriguing pictures, one can improve brushing behavior, which is now inadequate. Research Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of quartet card media counseling on toothbrushing behavior in elementary school students. This research used quasi experimental with pretest and posttest control group design. The samples were collected using total sampling, and they were 110 respondents. The sample is split into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The data were collected using questionnaires for pretest and posttest. The data analysis used a Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test. Research Results: Tooth brushing behavior in elementary school students was 47.3% with good criteria, moderate 47.3%, and increased with good criteria 92.7%, while 7.3% following counseling. The experimental group's mean value was 14,36 compared to the control group's 12,64. The Wilcoxon test resulted in a p-value of 0.000, the Mann Whitney test obtained p=0.000. Conclusion: Counseling using quartet card media is effective in improving brushing behavior in elementary school children. Keyword : Effectiveness of counseling, quartet card media, brushing behavior.
Clinical boundary conditions for propagation-based X-ray phase contrast imaging: from bio-sample models targeting to clinical applications
Authors: Gobo M.S.S. , Balbin D.R. , Hönnicke M.G. , Poletti M.E. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Typical propagation-based X-ray phase contrast imaging (PB-PCI) experiments using polyenergetic sources are tested in very ideal conditions: low-energy spectrum (mainly characteristic X-rays), small thickness and homogeneous materials considered weakly absorbing objects, large object-to-detector distance, long exposure times and non-clinical detector. OBJECTIVE: Explore PB-PCI features using boundary conditions imposed by a low power polychromatic X-ray source (X-ray spectrum without characteristic X-rays), thick and heterogenous materials and a small area imaging detector with high low-detection radiation threshold, elements commonly found in a clinical scenario. METHODS: A PB-PCI setup implemented using a microfocus X-ray source and a dental imaging detector was characterized in terms of different spectra and geometric parameters on the acquired images. Test phantoms containing fibers and homogeneous materials with close attenuation characteristics and animal bone and mixed soft tissues (bio-sample models) were analyzed. Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR), system spatial resolution and Kerma values were obtained for all images. RESULTS: Phase contrast images showed CNR up to 15% higher than conventional contact images. Moreover, it is better seen when large magnifications (>3) and object-to-detector distances (>13 cm) were used. The influence of the spectrum was not appreciable due to the low efficiency of the detector (thin scintillator screen) at high energies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the clinical boundary condition used in this work, regarding the X-ray spectrum, thick samples, and detection system, it was possible to acquire phase contrast images of biological samples.
Representation of Medical Content in Online Discourse
Authors: Torubarova I. I. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article discusses issues of representing medical information in online communities. Much attention is paid to modern areas of research on network discourse. Particular emphasis is paid to studies related to the problems of the terminology of the area. In this regard, the article presents different points of view on the typology and classification of texts in Internet-mediated communication. The area of interest for this study is medical content presented in Internet-mediated communication. The work specifies the concept of “medical content”. Methodology and sources. A study corpus is formed in accordance with the aim – to analyse the features of presenting medical information in English-language online discourse; methods of analysis are determined depending on the aim. The following criteria are used to analyse the study corpus material: pragmatic, media, structural-semantic and stylistic-linguistic parameters. The research corpus includes texts published in English, presented on the Reddit website within communities discussing issues of healthy lifestyle, health care, and pathological conditions. Results and discussion. Based on pragmatic parameters (type of addressee/type of addresser) and the topic of published information, the research material can be conditionally divided into several groups, the description of each group is given in the paper. The results obtained allow suggesting that medical content within the online community is aimed at two main population groups - healthcare professionals and lay people who are interested in issues related to the medical area. The medical information is presented based on a pragmatic and thematic principle. In terms of pragmatics, the main functions of presenting medical information are informative, ascertaining, phatic, expressive. Conclusion. The content of the research corpus consists of verbal texts with varying degrees of creolization – zero, partial, complete. They are characterised by all the features of the oral and written language typical of Internet-mediated communication.
Towards a Methodological Basis the Study of the «Fourth Power» as an Institution of the Political System within Modern Society
Authors: Miletskiy V. P. , Emelin Ya. A. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. This article considers the mass media as the «Fourth Power» in the political system of modern society with the aim of illuminating the place of mass media in the latter. The authors had attempted to achieve this goal in terms of structural-functional, institutional and other explanatory concepts. From a theoretical point of view, the media attract the attention of both political scientists and sociologists, philosophers, historians, journalists and public relations specialists. Research in this direction requires a multiparadigmal methodological approach, since all theoretical and empirical resources for such analysis are available in modern science. Methodology and sources. In the framework of these methodological positions (multiparadigmal methodological approach) “The Fourth Power” appears in various aspects, which also allows to study the latter as an institution of the political system of society, in which the media are not only an indicator of the development of civil society, but also indicate the degree of openness of the political elite and the ruling political class. As methodological sources, this article uses the works of such founders of the concept of “Fourth Power” as J. S. Mill, J. Bentam, J. Habermas, F. Siebert, T. Peterson, W. Schram, etc. Results and discussion. The article studies the possibilities of applying the basic provisions of general scientific and specialized approaches to the study of the concept of «Fourth Branch of Power» as an explanatory methodological approach in modern political and sociological researches. The authors made an attempt to theoretical interpretation of the basic categories and to highlight their conceptual analogues in modern science.Conclusion. The results of the work show that the mass media (“The Fourth Power”) definitely play an ever-increasing role in terms of control over public power and are one of the institutions of civil-political society. Although it is known that the use of the term “The Fourth Power” to denote this political role of the media may cause objections and be a reason for discussion.
Mediapolitical Discourse: Concepts and Framework
Authors: Stepanova N. V. , Kurganskaia E. V. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article presents the results of the review of scientific works on discourse theory, reflecting the stages of evolution of media-political discourse in Russian linguistics. The aim of the article is to summarize, systematize and analyze approaches to the study of media-political discourse and concepts of its comprehension. Such concepts as media discourse, media text, media linguistics, and political discourse are considered.Methodology and sources. The article is prepared in the context of the cognitive-discursive paradigm, functional approach to discourse analysis, and media linguistics. In accordance with the postulates of critical discourse analysis, media-political discourse is considered as a constitutive of social practice. The main research method is an analytical scientific review of works on discourse theory.Results and discussion. In the course of the review of works on media and political discourse the main approaches to the understanding and research of media-political discourse are highlighted. The boundaries of this type of discourse as one of the areas of modern discourse theory are outlined. The concepts of scientific cognition that conditioned the formation of media-political discourse are identified. A review of works on related types of discourse at the previous stages of scientific thought is given. Internet discourse is viewed as an alternative source of political information. The article emphasizes the elements of language of enmity and the binary opposition “us/them” in the media-political discourse.Conclusion. The paper reveals a tendency to merge media discourse and political discourse within the framework of media-political discourse in modern linguistics. Among the key approaches to the study of media-political discourse the following approaches are identified: cratological, structural-communicative and media-technological ones; when analyzing the blogosphere it is advisable to refer to critical discourse analysis, structuralfunctional and comparative approaches. The most promising areas of the research include the identification of the essential characteristics of media-political discourse, and the development of genre stratification of this type of discourse.
Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nuhair Rasha 
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted at the Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah to investigate the effect of AluminiumChloride on some hormones and histological changes in the laboratory Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats sexuallymature (16 weeks age) and 250±50 gm weighing, were used, they were divided into Four groups, each one consisted of 8 male rats in , Three groups were dosed Orally with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg B.W. aluminium in the form of HgCl for 21 days consecutive . An equivalent volume of distal water was administered to the fourth group which was set as the control group. Levels of the LH, FSH and Testosterone hormones were evaluated . in addition to histo – pathological changes of the Epididymis and testis. Results of this study indecate a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of FSH, LH and Testosterone hormones concentrations in treated groups compared with control groupe. The histopathological changes in Testis and epididymis were obvious in all treated groups comparison with control.
Evalution of Pollution in the Hor AL –Azim Sediments by Heavy metals/ Missan Government / South of Iraq
Authors: Aufi Aqbal 
Published: June 2024

The current study was included measurementof concentrations the coefficients of heavy elements in sediments of casement in Hor AL-Azim reality within Hwaiza Marshes in two area Azim1 andAzim 2. measured concentrations of some heavy metals in sediments core of the study area lead, nickel, copper, Chrome and iron, appeared concentrations of values in Azim 1 (43 - 25) ppm, (32 - 170) ppm,copper (8 - 42) ppm and (50 - 139) ppm and (2593 – 8675) ppm respectively. Also been identified coefficient assembly geochemical heavy metals, which was in Azim 1 for lead ,nickel,copper,Chrome,iron between(0.357 - 0.585) ,( 0.076 - 0.383) ,(0.026 - 0.14) ,(0.098 - 0.272) and (9.211 - 30.809) respectively, either in Azim 2 for the same metals (0.4 - 0.642) ,( 0.071 - 0.338) ,(0.02 - 0.083) ,(0.098-0.231) and (7.48 - 25.62) respectively. Also determined the coefficient enrichment of heavy metals in the sediments of Azim 1 for lead ,nickel,copper,Chromebetween (0.016 - 0.053) ,(0.0031 - 0.0325) , (0.001-0.014) and(0.003-0.019) respectively and Azim 2 for the same metals between (0.019 - 0.054) ,( 0.00413-0.025) ,(0.0012 -0.0089) and (0.00320.013) respectively. Identified Concentration Factor of the heavy metals in the Azim 1 for lead ,nickel,copper,Chrome,iron between(1.785-3.071) ,(0.38 -2.023) ,(0.7-0.133), (0.49-1.362) and (46.056 - 154.04) andAzim 2 for the same metals between (2-3.214) ,(0.357 -1.69) ,(0.1-0.416) ,( 0.49-1.156) and (37.424 - 128.11)respectively.
Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Penggantian Oli pada Sepeda Motor Berdasarkan Jarak Tempuh
Authors: Munastha Ketut Abimanyu , Lestari Nina , Fauzi Muhamad Anton , Nurcahya Aji 
Published: June 2024

Perawatan mesin pada sepeda motor sangat penting diperhatikan untuk mengurangi terjadinya kerusakan mesin pada kendaraan tersebut. Salah satu perawatan utamanya adalah penggantian oli mesin secara teratur. Penggantian oli mesin harus memperhatikan jarak tempuh kendaraan antara 1500-4000 km. Umumnya, sepeda motor belum dilengkapi dengan sistem peringatan untuk melakukan penggantian oli. Oleh karena, itu sistem peringatan pengganti oli dengan berpatokan pada jarak tempuh sangat diperlukan. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana cara membandingkan jarak tempuh yang dihitung oleh sistem dengan speedometer digital pada kendaraan. Selain itu sistem harus bisa mendeteksi kapan kendaraan harus melakukan penggantian oli setelah mencapai jarak tempuh tertentu. Pada penelitian ini, sensor yang digunakan adalah sensor proximity yang bekerja secara induktif. Digunakan pula arduino uno sebagai sistem pengolah data, dimana hasil pengolahan data akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk pesan peringatan ganti oli yang akan menyalakan LED indikator dan ditampilkan di LCD. Sistem yang telah direalisasikan, diuji dengan cara membandingkannya dengan jarak tempuh speedometer asli kendaraan. Berdasarkan tes uji , sistem dapat menampilkan peringatan pergantian oli pada jarak tertentu dengan hasil akurasi sistem sebesar ± 10% jarak pada tempuh 10 km.
Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Magic Hour Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B Di Ra Nurul Hikmah Lenteng Proppo Pamekasan
Authors: Siti Rohmah , Siti Rohmah  
Published: June 2024

Undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang sistem pendidikan nasional pasal 1 angka 14 menyatakan bahwa, pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun. Anak usia dini memiliki potensi besar untuk mengoptimalkan segala aspek perkembangan fisik motorik. Masa usia dini adalah masa emas perkembangan anak dimana semua aspek perkembangan dapat dengan mudah distimulasi. Media pembelajaran mempunyai peran yang penting dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar. Ada lima ranah perkembangan yang dapat distimulasi kepada anak supaya dapat dikembangkan secara maksimal. Peneliti fokus pada ranah perkembangan fisik motorik halus. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Magic Hour dapat meningkatkan perkembangan Motorik Halus anak usia dini kelompok B di RA Nurul Hikmah Lenteng Proppo Pamekasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah guru kelas kelompok B dan wali murid kelompok B. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder, peneliti menggunakan buku-buku refrensi, dan dokumentasi kegiatan anak saat di sekolah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menurut hasil wawancara dan observasi menunjukkan Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Magic Hour Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Kelompok B di RA Nurul Hikmah Lenteng Proppo Pamekasan dapat meningkatkan perkembangan motorik halus anak kelompok B di RA Nurul Hikmah Lenteng Proppo Pamekasan.
Circadian Disruption in Civilian Airline Pilots
Authors: Yang Sophie Xin , Cheng Siyu , Sun Yuanfeng , Tang Xiangdong , Huang Zhijiao 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: Most airline pilots reported having suffered from sleep disorders and fatigue due to circadian disruption, a potential risk to flight safety. This study attempted to uncover the actual scenario of circadian disruption and working load status among airline pilots.
METHODS: In study 1, 21 pilots were invited to participate in a 14-d sleep monitoring and a dual 2-back test to monitor their sleep patterns and cognitive function level. To provide an in-depth view, data from scheduled flights, including 567 airline pilots, was analyzed in Study 2. The present study used cluster analysis to reflect the distribution of the flight scheduling characteristics, including working time and actual working hours. A simulation model was then developed to predict the pilots’ 1-mo sleep-wake pattern.
RESULTS: The results indicated that sleep problems were prevalent in this population, especially the night before an earlier morning shift. Regarding the cognitive test, they scored the lowest on earlier morning shifts compared with daytime and evening shifts. It was found that over 70% of the flight schedules can lead to circadian disruption, and 47.44% of the pilots worked under high-load status.
DISCUSSION: Airline pilots inevitably work irregular hours and the current policies for coping with circadian disruption seem inefficient. This study thus calls for urgency in improving scheduling and fatigue management systems from the circadian rhythm perspective.
Yang SX, Cheng S, Sun Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Circadian disruption in civilian airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):381–389.
Expiratory Threshold Loading and Attentional Performance
Authors: Kelley Eli F. , Cross Troy J. , Johnson Bruce D. 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: While there are numerous factors that may affect pilot attentional performance, we hypothesize that an increased expiratory work of breathing experienced by fighter pilots may impose a “distraction stimulus” by creating an increased expiratory effort sensation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which increasing expiratory pressure time product or expiratory effort sensation impacts attentional performance.
METHODS: Data was collected on 10 healthy participants (age: 29 ± 6 yr). Participants completed six repetitions of a modified Masked Conjunctive Continuous Performance Task protocol while breathing against four different expiratory threshold loads. Repeated measures analysis of variances and generalized additive mixed effects models were used to investigate the effects of expiratory threshold load conditions on expiratory pressure time product, expiratory effort sensation, and the influence of altered end tidal gases on Masked Conjunctive Continuous Performance Task scores.
RESULTS: The overall median hit reaction times were significantly longer as the expiratory threshold loads increased. Specific shape-conjunctive and non-conjunctive median hit reaction times were longer with increased expiratory effort sensation. Additionally, increased expiratory effort sensation did not significantly change commission error rates, but did significantly increase omission error rates.
DISCUSSION: The findings of our work suggest that both progressively greater expiratory threshold loads during spontaneous breathing and expiratory effort sensation may impair subjects’ attentional performance due to longer reaction times and increased stimuli recognition error rates.
Kelley EF, Cross TJ, Johnson BD. Expiratory threshold loading and attentional performance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):367–374.
Relative Severity of Human Performance Decrements Recorded in Rapid vs. Gradual Decompression
Authors: Beer Jeremy , Mojica Andrew J. , Blacker Kara J. , Dart Todd S. , Morse Bria G. , Sherman Paul M. 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cabin decompression presents a threat in high-altitude-capable aircraft. A chamber study was performed to compare effects of rapid (RD) vs. gradual decompression and gauge impairment at altitude with and without hypoxia, as well as to assess recovery.
METHODS: There were 12 participants who completed RD (1 s) and Gradual (3 min 12 s) ascents from 2743–7620 m (9000–25000 ft) altitude pressures while breathing air or 100% O2. Physiological indices included oxygen saturation (SPo2), heart rate (HR), respiration, end tidal O2 and CO2 partial pressures, and electroencephalography (EEG). Cognition was evaluated using SYNWIN, which combines memory, arithmetic, visual, and auditory tasks. The study incorporated ascent rate (RD, gradual), breathing gas (air, 100% O2) and epoch (ground-level, pre-breathe, ascent-altitude, recovery) as factors.
RESULTS: Physiological effects in hypoxic “air” ascents included decreased SPo2 and end tidal O2 and CO2 partial pressures (hypocapnia), with elevated HR and minute ventilation (E); SPo2 and HR effects were greater after RD (−7.3% lower and +10.0 bpm higher, respectively). HR and E decreased during recovery. SYNWIN performance declined during ascent in air, with key metrics, including composite score, falling further (−75% vs. −50%) after RD. Broad cognitive impairment was not recorded on 100% O2, nor in recovery. EEG signals showed increased slow-wave activity during hypoxia.
DISCUSSION: In hypoxic exposures, RD impaired performance more than gradual ascent. Hypobaria did not comprehensively impair performance without hypoxia. Lingering impairment was not observed during recovery, but HR and E metrics suggested compensatory slowing following altitude stress. Participants’ cognitive strategy shifted as hypoxia progressed, with efficiency giving way to “satisficing,” redistributing effort to easier tasks.
Beer J, Mojica AJ, Blacker KJ, Dart TS, Morse BG, Sherman PM. Relative severity of human performance decrements recorded in rapid vs. gradual decompression. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):353–366.