bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Patient-Controlled Bidirectional Palatal Lift Appliance
Authors: Greene L.E. , Wilson K. , McIntyre G. , Wilson J. , Mehendale F.V. 
Published: March 2014

Objective Palatal lift appliances have a role in management of velopharyngeal dysfunction for immobile palates of adequate length where surgery is contraindicated. Conventional appliances involve acrylic/wire work adjustment over successive appointments until they can be tolerated without gagging. A novel appliance has been developed where the lifting plate is incrementally distalized by the patient and vertically adjusted to optimize soft palate positioning. Method The design, construction, and utility of the appliance, which was developed in Dundee Dental Hospital, are described. Participants The subject was a 12-year-old boy with a variant of Moebius syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Previous pharyngoplasty had been carried out and further surgery was contraindicated. Interventions The appliance is constructed and fitted and the flexible spring arm is vertically adjusted to lift the soft palate. The screw is turned incrementally at home, extending the lifting plate posteriorly. Videofluoroscopy allows visualization of the appliance and soft palate positioning. Main Outcome Measures/Results The procedure improved soft palate positioning, as demonstrated by videofluoroscopy, and objective speech outcomes. Conclusions The appliance was well tolerated and led to improved speech outcomes for the patient. Adjustments were quick and easy for both clinician and patient. Further studies are needed to definitively determine the efficacy of the appliance.
A Comparative Study of Affective Bipolar Disorder with Schizoaffective Disorder from a Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Miruna Milin , M Lăzărescu , Anca Racolţa , C Silvoșeanu , Cristina Bredicean 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Introduction: In the last years there is a great interest for the theory of the “psychotic continuum”, which accepts that there is a transition between schizophrenia and affective pathology, including bipolar disorder with psychotic interferences and the recently introduced diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder. There are few studies that analyze bipolar disorder with mood-incongruent psychosis. The purpose of this study was to observe the way in which the interference of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms can influence the long term evolution of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and the similarities that exists between this type of pathology and schizoaffective disorder. Material and methods: Sixty subjects were selected, who are now diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, with and without psychotic features. All cases have at least 15 years of evolution since the first episode of psychosis and were analyzed in term of their age of onset and longitudinal evolution. Results: The results showed that bipolar patients who had mood incongruent psychotic symptoms had an earlier age of onset and a higher rate of hospitalizations in their long term evolution compared to bipolar patients without psychotic features, which brings them closer to patients with schizoaffective disorder in term of their pattern of evolution. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that the interference of mood-incongruent psychosis with bipolar disorder determines a worse prognosis of this disease, very similar with the evolution of patients with schizoaffective disorder
Quality Enhancement by Inclusion Complex Formation of Simvastatin Tablets
Authors: Emőke Rédai , Emese Sipos , Zs Pocsai , B Tőkés , P Székely 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Introduction: Simvastatin is an inhibitor of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. To enhance its bioavailability by inclusion complexation, as host molecule randommethyl-β-cyclodextrin had been used. After evaluating the complexes we chose the kneading product in 1:2 molar ratio for incorporation of 10 mg simvastatin tablets. Materials and methods: We prepared homogenous mixtures of the inclusion complex and some excipients. The tablets were prepared by direct compression. The tablets were evaluated in regard to: weight uniformity, thickness, diameter, hardness, friability, disintegration and dissolution profile. Results: Weights are in the range of 196-208 mg, diameter 6.83-6.86 mm, height 3.86-4.01 mm, hardness 78.3-113.1 N, friability 0.75- 1.19 %, disintegration above 15 minutes. The dissolved amounts of simvastatin from the tablets are higher compared to the dissolution of pure simvastatin, but lower than the dissolution of the complex itself. Excipients, like disintegrants and lubricants greatly influence the dissolution properties of the tablets. Conclusions: According to our results, tablets containing inclusion complex of simvastatin exhibit better solubility, according to the dissolved amount of simvastatin, than pure drug alone. Proper physical parameters of the tablets are obtained by application of 5 % Primellose
Définition et sélection de l'expert IT : Approches cognitives et sociales
Authors: Guittard Claude , Welter Adeline 
Published: March 2014

L’objet de ce travail est d’analyser le mode de sélection des experts en technologie de l’information (IT), domaine où la formalisation de ce processus de sélection n’est pas encore établie. Cela s’explique notamment par la multitude de définitions et de missions désignant l’expert et l’expertise. En effet, en s’intéressant aux définitions les plus couramment appliquées de l’expert, des discordances entre les domaines d’expertise sont mises en évidence. Ceci crée chez certains des barrières à la promotion de la profession et démobilise les éventuels candidats. Partant de ce constat, ce travail développe un exemple récent : le cas du projet européen IT2Rhine. Par le biais d’une approche ethnographique, cette étude de cas permet de présenter un mode de sélection des experts dans un cadre particulièrement intéressant, puisque les initiateurs du projet ne sont pas issus des mêmes secteurs (universitaire, industriel...) et n’ont donc pas les mêmes exigences de recrutement. Cependant, conduits par leur objectif commun, ils sont parvenus à la construction d’une matrice reprenant les caractéristiques principales, que chacun d’eux jugeaient indispensables à un expert en IT.
De la connaissance des réseaux aux réseaux de la connaissance. Vers de nouveaux modèles d'organisation innovants
Authors: Blum Guillaume , Ebrahimi Mehran 
Published: March 2014

Cet article présente une conception réticulaire de la production de connaissance. Son objectif est de construire un idéal type de « réseau de connaissances » selon une posture épistémologique appropriée à la société de réseau actuelle. En effet, si la posture moderne pose un certain nombre de questions quant à sa validité pour décrire le monde contemporain de l’organisation, tout n’est pas à renier dans la modernité, comme la place du savoir scientifique qui demeure importante et ne correspond pas à n’importe quel discours. Mais la représentation moderne ne prend pas en considération que celui-ci s’intègre dans un réseau de connaissances où d’autres savoirs prennent leur place, et où interviennent des individus interagissant dans des milieux naturels et sociaux. Cela engendre, dans le monde des organisations, de nouvelles façons de s’organiser et un nouveau mode d’émergence de savoir en réseaux.
D'une « démocratie créatrice » à un « capitalisme raisonnable »
Authors: Bazzoli Laure , Dutraive Véronique 
Published: March 2014

J. Dewey et J.R. Commons ont partagé un même combat intellectuel et pratique pour la démocratie. L’article défend l’idée selon laquelle la proximité de leurs analyses va au-delà de l’hommage explicite de Commons à la philosophie sociale de Dewey pour fonder sa conception des sciences sociales. Sur la base d’une lecture croisée de ces auteurs, nous montrons la convergence de leurs visions de la démocratie comme idéal éthique et de l’État démocratique comme processus inachevé ainsi que la complémentarité des solutions proposées aux problèmes de la démocratie, en soulignant que Commons a fait une contribution notable à la conception pragmatiste en étendant la « démocratie créatrice » de Dewey à un « capitalisme raisonnable ».
Autorisation à l'échange sur des externalités
Authors: Bertrand Élodie 
Published: March 2014

La négociation sur des externalités, supposée par le « théorème de Coase », rencontre un possible obstacle dans une interdiction morale ou sociale à échanger sur ce type de droit de propriété. Cet article montre que les tests empiriques du « théorème de Coase » mettent en lumière trois degrés sur l’échelle croissante de l’autorisation morale ou sociale à l’échange légal sur des externalités : 1) interdiction entre les voisins agriculteurs d’Ellickson [1986], 2) permission entre les apiculteurs et pomiculteurs étudiés par Cheung [1973] et 3) incitation morale dans les expérimentations de laboratoire de Hoffman et Spitzer [1982]. Ce travail contribue ainsi à l’analyse de l’interaction entre normes sociales et contrats d’échange, en se concentrant sur les normes qui autorisent ou non le contrat.
Laparoscopic Treatment of Splenic Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Yahya Ali I , Shwerief Hussen E , Latifi Rifat , Endaha Najala E , Algyead Fatma O 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Road traffic accidents are very common and pose a serious community problem in Libya. In 1998, the surgery unit at Zliten Teaching Hospital began using laparoscopy in the trauma unit for patients who were admitted to intensive care unit. A challenge for trauma surgeons is negative laparotomy which can result in increased complications for patients.

Objective
We reviewed medical records following the implementation of laparoscopic techniques in the trauma unit to determine the effectiveness of the treatment with patients who had been in road traffic accidents.

Methods
Review of medical records for patients admitted to Zliten General Hospital in Libya who had been involved in road traffic accidents was conducted. The records analyzed were from 1998 through 2012.

Results
One hundred and twenty-four patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy over the 14 years time period, of which 76 patients had blunt abdominal trauma. The review of Zliten's trauma registry shows that 18 patients had splenic trauma and those patients who had splenic trauma.
Out of the 18 patients who had blunt splenic trauma, three patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy because it was not possible to preserve the spleen. One patient, aged 9 years, had an open laparotomy because the surgeons found that the spleen has avulsed completely and was lying at the left iliac fossa during diagnostic laparoscopy. Fourteen patients had small lacerations in the spleen. The spleen was not removed in these patients because profuse bleeding did not occur. No significant morbidity and no mortality were recorded. The hospital stay was between 2 and 5 days.

Conclusion
By using laparoscopy in trauma, we were able to preserve the spleen in the majority of our patients with splenic injuries who were hemodinamically stable.

How to cite this article
Yahya AI, Shwerief HE, Latifi R, Endaha NE, Algyead FO. Laparoscopic Treatment of Splenic Injury in Blunt Abdominal Trauma. J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(3):112-115.
Predictors of performance on the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners Parts I and II*
Authors: McCall Angela R. , Harvey Richard D. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine predictors for success on Parts I and II of the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) written examinations.MethodsTwo validity studies were conducted to examine the criterion validity of Logan College assessments for Part I and II NBCE scores. Both studies consisted of a longitudinal design to examine the validity of entrance grade point average (GPA), in-program chiropractic course content GPA, and an institutional practice exam on Parts I and II of the NBCE.ResultsAnalyses revealed that Part I GPA and practice exam scores combined accounted for 72% of the variance within Part I NBCE scores. Furthermore, every subtest of the Part I NBCE could be reliably predicted by course performance. In the 2nd study, Part I GPA, Part I NBCE score, and Part II GPA accounted for 75% of the variance within Part II NBCE scores.ConclusionsInternal training and educational assessments (eg, course grades and practice exams) proved to be strong determinants of NBCE performance above and beyond initial levels of preparedness, thus validating the impact of the chiropractic curriculum on NBCE test achievement.
Some Optimization Models and Techniques for Electric Power System Short‐term Operations
Authors: Sun Andy , Phan Dzung T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article introduces modern optimization models and solution methods for two fundamental decision‐making problems in electric power system short‐term operations, namely the optimal power flow (OPF) problem and the unit commitment (UC) problem. This article reviews basic formulations and surveys some of the most recent advances, including global optimization techniques for exact solution of the OPF problem, adaptive robust optimization models for the UC problem under uncertainty of renewable generation and demand‐side response, contingency analysis for large‐scale power systems, and distributed optimization schemes for decentralized operation.
Discrete Optimization with Noisy Objective Function Measurements
Authors: Hill Stacy D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe problem of optimizing noisy objective functions over a discrete set—stochastic discrete optimization—occurs in a wide variety of practical applications. This article gives a general formulation of such optimization problems and indicates some of the diverse applications. It also describes several classes of methods for solving such problems and discusses some of their important features such as expected performance and computational efficiency.
Evaluation of the fracture behaviors of multilayered propylene–ethylene copolymer/polypropylene homopolymer composites with the essential work of fracture
Authors: He Guansong , Zhang Fengshun , Huang Liang , Li Jiang , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAs one of the most appropriate techniques for evaluating the fracture behavior, the essential work of fracture (EWF) was introduced to investigate the fracture toughness of multilayered composites. Propylene–ethylene copolymer (CPP)/polypropylene homopolymer (HPP) alternating multilayered composites with 2–128 layers were prepared though multilayered coextrusion. Polarized optical microscopy photographs revealed that the CPP and HPP layers aligned alternately vertical to the interfaces and continuously parallel to the extrusion direction. The dichroic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the coextrusion sheet had a preferential orientation parallel to the melt flow direction (MD); this caused crack propagation along the blunted MD and the necking ligament section. After heat treatment, the orientation parallel to the MD could been largely eliminated, and the crack propagated in a stable manner. The specific essential work of fracture (we) of the multilayered composite was higher than that of the blend; this indicated a higher resistance of crack propagation. The number of layers had little effect on the toughness of the multilayered composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40574.
Polyurethane foams made from liquefied bark‐based polyols
Authors: D'Souza Jason , Camargo Rafael , Yan Ning 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLiquefaction is known to be an effective method for converting biomass into a polyol. However, the relationships between bark liquefaction conditions and properties of the resulting foams are unclear. In this study, polyurethane foams (PUF) were made using bark‐based polyols obtained through liquefaction reactions of bark at two different temperatures (90 and 130°C). Through systematic characterization of the PUFs the influence of the liquefied bark and liquefaction conditions on foam properties could be observed. The bark‐based foams had similar foaming kinetics, thermal stability, and glass transition temperatures compared with the PEG‐based control foam. The bark‐based PUF from the polyol obtained at the higher liquefaction temperature showed comparable specific compressive strength to the PEG‐based control foam. Lastly, both bark foams exhibited a high amount of open‐cell content, with the foam made from the lower temperature liquefied polyol having poor cell morphology. This deviation from the controls in the open‐cell content may explain the lower modulus values observed in the bark PUFs due to the lack of cell membrane elastic stretching as a strengthening mechanism. These results demonstrated the influence of the bark liquefaction conditions on foam properties, thereby providing a better fundamental understanding for the practical application of bark‐based PUFs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40599.
Sophorolipid‐induced dimpling and increased porosity in solvent‐cast short‐chain polyhydroxyalkanoate films: Impact on thermomechanical properties
Authors: Ashby Richard D. , Solaiman Daniel K.Y. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSophorolipids (SL; microbial glycolipids) were used as additives in solvent‐cast short‐chain polyhydroxyalkanoate (sc‐PHA) films to enhance surface roughness and porosity. Poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly‐(6%)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐(94%)‐3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHB/V), and poly‐(90%)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐(10%)‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate (PHB/HHx) films were evaluated with up to 43 wt % of SL. Sophorolipid addition caused surface dimples with maximum diameters of 131.8 µm (PHB), 25.2 µm (PHB/V), and 102.8 µm (PHB/HHx). A rise in the size and number of pores in the polymer matrix also occurred in PHB and PHB/V films. Surface roughness and film porosity were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and quantitated using confocal microscopy by correlating the surface area (A′) to the scanned area (A) of the films. The phenotypic alterations of the films caused a gradual decline in tensile strength and modulus and increased the elongation to break. Reductions in the enthalpies of fusion (ΔHf) in both the PHB (41% reduction) and PHB/HHx (36% reduction) films implied diminished crystallinity as SL concentrations increased. Over the same SL concentrations the Tan δ maxima shifted from 4 to 30°C and from 2 to 20°C in these respective films. These results provide a novel means by which sc‐PHA properties can be controlled for new/improved applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40609.
Industrial yeasts strains for biorefinery solutions: Constructing and selecting efficient barcoded xylose fermenting strains for ethanol
Authors: Tomás‐Pejó Elia , Bonander Nicklas , Olsson Lisbeth 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere have been intense efforts in the scientific community and industry to engineer S. cerevisiae strains to co‐consume xylose and glucose. In this context, this paper describes a process for introducing a barcode into an industrial xylose fermenting yeast strains to ensure quick and reliable identification of patented industrial strains. Furthermore, this work presents a novel procedure for screening and selecting the clones that reflects the characteristics of the industrial process. The key points of efficient selection of high‐performing clones are elaborated and discussed. In spite of the unforeseen effects on yeast physiology after the introduction of a new sequence into the genome, we obtained barcoded clones with the same xylose consumption rates and ethanol yields as the cells without the barcode. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Long‐term exposure of 3T3 fibroblast cells to endocrine disruptors alters sensitivity to oxidative injury
Authors: Nishimura Yuka , Nakai Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Aiko , Nagao Tetsuji , Fukushima Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWhen Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) or nonylphenol (NP) within a range of 0.1–100 nM for 30–45 days, increased resistance to oxidative injury was found. Western blot analysis indicated concomitant increased expression of bcl‐2 protein and reduced histone methylation levels in cells after BPA or NP exposure. Using a heterologous expression system, both chemicals could stimulate G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), a transmembrane estrogen receptor predominantly expressed in 3T3 cells, at lower concentrations, which gave increased survival. Taken together, these results suggest that BPA or NP exposure might cause alterations in cellular activity against oxidative stress, possibly through GPR30.
p53 Mediates impaired insulin signaling in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes during hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Posa Jyothi Kumari , Selvaraj Sudhagar , Sangeetha K. N. , Baskaran Sarath Kumar , Lakshmi B.S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHyperinsulinemia is being implicated in the development of insulin resistance but remains poorly understood. The present study focuses on p53‐mediated impaired insulin signaling by hyperinsulinemia in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Hyperinsulinemia impairs insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake and its cellular signaling in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. An increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stress response signals were observed, and quenching of the ROS by an antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) did not revert impaired insulin sensitivity. The tumor suppressor p53 has emerged as a crucial factor in the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells under nutritional starvation and is being studied in the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes at physiological level. Interestingly, we observed hyperinsulinemia‐enhanced p53 level in a time‐dependent manner without exhibiting cytotoxicity. Transient knockdown of p53 partially improved insulin sensitivity revealing a novel link between p53 and insulin signaling in adipocytes. The findings suggest that hyperinsulinemia‐induced p53 impairs insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.
Storage of Electrical Energy in a Gas Distribution System – Methanation of CO2‐Containing Gases
Authors: Schaaf Tanja , Grünig Jochen , Schuster Markus , Orth Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIm Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Verbundprojektes soll ein Konzept zur chemischen Speicherung von erneuerbarer elektrischer Energie durch Fixierung von CO2 entwickelt werden. Die Beteiligung von Outotec umfasst eine Konzeptstudie zur Methanisierung. Diese beinhaltet sowohl die Prozess‐ und Anlagenentwicklung als auch eine Kostenanalyse. Dabei werden für verschiedene Anlagengrößen und Einsatzgasgemische Anlagenkonzepte entwickelt, die auf einer Verschaltung von Hordenreaktoren beruhen.