bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dissociation between recognition and reactivation: The renewal effect at 3 months of age
Authors: Cuevas Kimberly , Learmonth Amy E. , Rovee‐Collier Carolyn 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTExtinction allows organisms to adapt to an ever‐changing environment. Despite its theoretical and applied significance, extinction has never been systematically studied with human infants. Using the operant mobile task, we examined whether 3‐month‐olds would exhibit evidence of original learning following extinction. In a recognition paradigm, infants exhibited renewal when tested in the acquisition context (ABA renewal) or a neutral context (ABC and AAB renewal) 1 day following extinction (Experiment 1a) and spontaneous recovery 3 days following extinction (Experiment 1b). In Experiments 2a–2b, we used a reminder paradigm to examine whether the extinguished response could be reinstated after the operant response had been forgotten. We failed, however, to find reinstatement of extinguished responding after spontaneous forgetting, regardless of the reminder and test contexts. We attributed this retention failure to competing responses at test. Although extinguished responding is recovered during infancy, this effect is elusive after the response has been forgotten. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 159–175, 2016.
Disordered eating and insulin restriction in youths receiving intensified insulin treatment: Results from a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Bächle Christina , Stahl‐Pehe Anna , Rosenbauer Joachim 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis Germany‐wide population‐based study sought to estimate the prevalence of disordered eating and insulin restriction (IR) among 819 youths aged 11–21 years with early‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a disease duration of at least 10 years.MethodsAll respondents answered the five‐item SCOFF screening questionnaire for eating disorders (EDs) and reported on the frequency of IR and clinical outcomes. Screening for disordered eating was positive when more than two SCOFF items were answered affirmatively. Frequent IR was defined as IR occurring more than five times per week.ResultsA total of 28.2%/9.2% of the female/male patients were SCOFF‐positive without IR and 4.2%/5.3% reported frequent IR but were SCOFF‐negative; 2.7%/1.9% screened positive for both disordered eating and IR. Patients with disordered eating, frequent IR, or both showed significantly worse glycemic control and partly more inpatient‐treated diabetic ketoacidoses than patients who screened negative.DiscussionApproximately one in three female and one in six male patients with early‐onset long‐duration T1D reported disordered eating and/or frequent IR. Because of their association with worse outcomes, both disordered eating and IR should be considered in T1D care irrespective of sex, age at onset, and diabetes duration. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:191–196)
From a Germylene to an “Inorganic Adamantane”: [{Ge4(μ‐O)2(μ‐OH)4}{W(CO)5}4]·4THF
Authors: Kitschke Philipp , Mertens Lutz , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Auer Alexander A. , Mehring Michael 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGermanium(II) (2‐methoxyphenyl)methoxide (1) and [W(CO)5(thf)] gave rise reproducibly (79 % yield) to a new, uncharged transition‐metal complex of a germanium(II) hydroxido oxido cluster – [{Ge4(μ‐O)2(μ‐OH)4}{W(CO)5}4]·4THF (2·4THF) – as a product of hydrolysis. The germylene 1 is monomeric in solution at ambient temperature but forms dimers in solution at low temperatures and in the solid state. Dimerization of compound 1 was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and with the aid of DFT‐D calculations. The tetranuclear cluster 2 shows an adamantane‐like core structure with coordination of tungsten pentacarbonyl to germanium(II) in the solid state as well as in solution. Characterization of both compounds, including by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, by 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and through thermal analyses, is presented.
Effects of trustors' social identity complexity on interpersonal and intergroup trust
Authors: Xin Sufei , Xin Ziqiang , Lin Chongde 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough previous literature has revealed the effect of a single social identity on trust, only few studies have examined how multiple social identities affect trust in others. The present research examined the effects of trustors' social identity complexity on their level of trust toward another person (interpersonal trust), outgroup members (outgroup trust), and ingroup members (ingroup trust). Study 1, which was a correlational study, indicated that trustors' social identity complexity was positively related to their interpersonal and outgroup trust. Three experimental studies were performed to identify causal relationships. Study 2 found that activating trustors' high social identity complexity produced high levels of interpersonal trust, and Studies 3 and 4 found that this effect was more pronounced when the trustee was an outgroup member (outgroup trust) rather than an ingroup member (ingroup trust). The implications of these results for social harmony are discussed.
Structural identification with incomplete output‐only data and independence of measured information for shear‐type systems
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Suparno , Luş Hilmi , Betti Raimondo 
Published: September 2015

SummaryStructural identification is the inverse problem of estimating physical parameters of a structural system from its vibration response measurements. Incomplete instrumentation and ambient vibration testing generally result in incomplete and arbitrarily normalized measured modal information, often leading to an ill‐conditioned inverse problem and non‐unique identification results. The identifiability of any parameter set of interest depends on the amount of independent available information. In this paper, we consider the identifiability of the mass and stiffness parameters of shear‐type systems in output‐only situations with incomplete instrumentation. A mode shape expansion‐cum‐mass normalization approach is presented to obtain the complete mass normalized mode shape matrix, starting from the incomplete non‐normalized modes identified using any operational modal analysis technique. An analysis is presented to determine the minimum independent information carried by any given sensor set‐up. This is used to determine the minimum necessary number and location of sensors from the point of view of minimum necessary information for identification. The different theoretical discussions are illustrated using numerical simulations and shake table experiments. It is shown that the proposed identification algorithm is able to obtain reliably accurate physical parameter estimates under the constraints of minimal instrumentation, minimal a priori information, and unmeasured input. The sensor placement rules can be used in experiment design to determine the necessary number and location of sensors on the monitored system. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid production by alkaline pH stress treatment in Bacillus licheniformisWX‐02
Authors: Wang Jia , Yuan Honglun , Wei Xuetuan , Chen Jiangang , Chen Shouwen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of alkaline stress on γ‐PGA biosynthesis and the mechanism involved have not been investigated in glutamate‐free medium.RESULTSEffects of alkaline pH stress on the yield and molecular weight of γ‐PGA were investigated in a 50 L bioreactor, and transcriptional levels of relevant genes were measured to explain the mechanism. After alkaline stress treatment, the maximum γ‐PGA yield reached 36.26 g L−1, increased by 79% compared with the control. The transcription levels of γ‐PGA synthetase genes pgsB and pgsC, as well as their closely related regulation factors degU and swrA, were improved 18.9‐fold, 31.2‐fold, 3.0‐fold and 6.3‐fold, respectively. Moreover, transcriptional analysis showed that alkaline stress enhanced the biosynthesis of γ‐PGA precursor (glutamic acid) and reduced the formation of byproducts (acetoin and 2,3‐butanediol), which contributed to the improved production of γ‐PGA. In addition, alkaline stress reduced the γ‐PGA molecular weight, which might be due to the enhanced expression of γ‐PGA hydrolase PgdS.CONCLUSIONThe alkaline stress‐mediated strategy was developed to regulate the yield and molecular weight of γ‐PGA in the glutamate‐free medium, and the mechanism involved was explained through transcriptional analysis. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of accuracy and reproducibility of a relocatable maxillary fixation system for fractionated intracranial stereotactic radiation therapy
Authors: Russo Majella , Owen Rebecca , Bernard Anne , Moutrie Vaughan , Foote Matthew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionAccurate localisation is an essential component for the delivery of intracranial stereotactic treatment. For fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, we compared the daily localisation accuracy of a standard thermoplastic mask with a new maxillary fixation device (MFD).MethodsDaily pre‐treatment kV cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 23 patients (12 localised in the MFD and 11 in the mask) with benign skull‐based lesions were reviewed retrospectively. The set up accuracy was measured in 6° of freedom, to ascertain both individual and population random and systematic errors. The appropriate clinical target volume to planning target volume margin was computed from set up error data.ResultsA total of 682 CBCT scans were evaluated. Systematic (Σ) and random (σ) population errors were Σ = 0.8 mm, 0.2 mm and 0.2 mm and σ = 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, for the standard mask in the left/right (LR), superior/inferior (SI), and anterior/posterior (AP) translational planes, and Σ = 0.2 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm and σ = 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, for the MFD. There was a reduction in rotation errors in the MFD compared to the mask. Margin calculations suggested an isotropic margin could be safely reduced to 2 mm for the MFD.ConclusionThe two devices demonstrate similar daily positional accuracy for fractionated stereotactic treatment of intracranial lesions. Combined with daily image guidance and couch correction, either of these devices is a viable frameless option for fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy.
Minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States: Utilization and short‐term oncologic outcomes
Authors: Ecker Brett L. , Datta Jashodeep , McMillan Matthew T. , Poe Sarah‐Lucy C. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Fraker Douglas L. , Dempsey Daniel T. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Roses Robert E. 
Published: September 2015

Background and ObjectivesWhen performed at select centers, minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIG) for gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with reduced perioperative morbidity, and similar oncologic outcomes as compared to open gastrectomy (OG). Utilization of, and outcomes associated with, MIG in the United States have not been characterized.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (2010–2011) was queried for AJCC pStage IB‐IIIC patients who underwent curative‐intent OG (n = 2,303) or MIG (n = 331). Multivariable models identified factors associated with MIG utilization, R0 resection rates, and adequate lymph node staging (LNS).ResultsMIG was more frequently utilized for T1/T2 (P < 0.001), N0 (P = 0.022), and stage IB (P = 0.001) tumors. MIG was associated with shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001), equivalent lymph node examination (P = 0.337) and superior rates of R0 resection (P = 0.011) compared with OG. In patients undergoing MIG, R0 resection was associated with performance of near‐total/total gastrectomy (OR 3.90, 95%CI 1.10–13.9) and tumors < 5 cm (OR 2.78, 95%CI 1.07–7.26). Adequate LNS was associated with surgery at academic (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.19–3.32) or high‐volume facilities (OR 2.97, 95%CI 1.59–5.54), tumor size ≥ 5 cm (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.10–3.11), and node positivity (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.04–2.93).ConclusionsMIG is selectively utilized in cases with favorable tumor characteristics. In such cases, short‐term oncologic outcomes are equivalent to those achieved with OG. Worse oncologic outcomes in specific subgroups underscore opportunities for quality improvement. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:616–621. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oscillating grid mesocosm for studying oxygen dynamics under controlled unsteady turbulence
Authors: Lucas Sabrina , Moulin Frédéric , Guizien Katell 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn shallow environments, common unsteady flows, such as tides, waves or wind‐driven currents modulate the diffusive boundary layer thickness that controls the exchange of electron acceptors for mineralization and oxidation processes in surficial sediment. This study demonstrated the ability of an oscillating grid mesocosm to (1) produce homogenous turbulence at the sediment‐water interface of multiple sediment cores (between‐core variability < within core variability; 16% on average); (2) simulate diffusive boundary layer thickness dynamics on different timescales by easy control of turbulence intensity and (3) study transient oxygen dynamics of organic matter mineralization under varying turbulent conditions. The relationship between turbulence intensity and oxygen diffusive boundary layer thickness, and oxygen penetration depth in the sediment was investigated with different organic matter enrichments and sediment permeability. Oxygen diffusive boundary layer thickness decreased linearly asURMSincreased. Oxygen penetration depth increased with turbulence intensity, and converging to an upper limit with a larger value for low (3.28 mm ± 5.8%) than for high (1.77 mm ± 11.8%) organic matter content in muddy sediment. In sandy sediment, advective flows and resuspension led to a continuous increase of oxygen penetration depth with turbulence intensity, up to 13.2 mm ± 19% for turbulent velocities of 9.6 cm s−1. This mesocosm device will enable the experimental study of microbial dynamics under transient oxygen dynamics, to improve early diagenesis modeling under unsteady flows.
Economic evaluation of a falls prevention exercise program among people With Parkinson's disease
Authors: Farag Inez , Sherrington Catherine , Hayes Alison , Canning Colleen G. , Lord Stephen R. , Close Jacqueline C.T. , Fung Victor S.C. , Howard Kirsten 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the cost‐effectiveness of a 6‐month minimally supervised exercise program for people with PD.MethodsAn economic analysis was conducted alongside a randomized, controlled trial in which 231 people age 40 years and over with PD were randomized into a usual care control group or an exercise group. Cost‐effectiveness was estimated using incremental cost per fall prevented (using falls calendars) as the primary analysis and cost per extra person avoiding mobility deterioration (defined as an improvement or no change in the 12‐point Short Physical Performance Battery Score between baseline and 6 month). A cost‐utility analysis using the Short Form‐6D was also performed. Uncertainty was represented using cost‐effectiveness scatter plots and acceptability curves. Planned subgroup analyses for the low‐disease‐severity group were also undertaken.ResultsAll results are reported in Australian dollars ($A). The average cost of the intervention was $A1,010 per participant. Incremental cost‐effectiveness of the program relative to usual care was $A574 per fall prevented, $A9,570 per extra person avoiding mobility deterioration, and $A338,800 per quality‐adjusted life year gained. The intervention had an 80% probability of being cost‐effective, relative to the control, at a threshold of $A2,000 per fall prevented. Subgroup analyses for the low‐disease‐severity group indicate the program to be dominant, that is, less costly and more effective than usual care for all health outcomes.ConclusionThe exercise intervention appeared cost‐effective with regard to fall prevention in the whole sample and cost saving in the low disease severity group, when compared with usual care. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
First trimester placental volume and vascular indices in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia
Authors: Plasencia Walter , González‐Dávila Enrique , González Lorenzo Alejandra , Armas‐González Marina , Padrón Erika , González‐González Nieves L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze placental volume and vascularization at first trimester in women with pre‐eclampsia, and secondarily, the effect of maternal characteristics on placental development and perinatal outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study including women seen between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. Biophysical and biochemical markers included in the screening program for aneuploidy were recorded. Placental volume and vascularization indices were obtained using three‐dimensional power‐Doppler imaging and Virtual Organ Computer‐aided Analysis (VOCAL) techniques.ResultsWe compared 84 women with pre‐eclampsia versus 904 non‐affected. Placental volume and all vascular indices were lower in those with pre‐eclampsia. Multivariate analysis showed that parity and maternal weight had a significant effect on placental volume and vascularization indices (p = 0.004 and p = 0.011). In women with pre‐eclampsia, multiparity showed a negative effect on placental volume, gestational age, birth weight and Apgar test score. By contrast, in the non‐affected group, multiparity had a protective effect. Low maternal weight had a significantly worse effect on placental vascularization and perinatal outcomes in women with pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsWomen with pre‐eclampsia showed significantly lower placental volume and vascularization indices at first trimester. Multiparity and low maternal weight independently exacerbated the negative effects of pre‐eclampsia on placental characteristics and perinatal outcomes. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing Agglomeration of Ammonium Perchlorate Using Activated Charcoal
Authors: Ishitha Kumar , Ramakrishna P. A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate is the most widely employed oxidizer for composite solid propellants. When exposed to atmosphere, it absorbs moisture and agglomerates. It is usually vacuum dried in order to avoid this agglomeration. When ammonium perchlorate that has been exposed to atmosphere for a certain period of time, is used in making a composite solid propellant, the burning rate is different because of the change in particle size distribution due to its agglomeration. This change in burning rate will change the thrust‐time profile from that of what it is designed for. As one goes to a finer ammonium perchlorate particle size this problem becomes more evident. Experimental studies aimed at reducing the agglomeration of ammonium perchlorate by coating it with activated charcoal. Ammonium perchlorate coated with 1 % activated charcoal showed almost no agglomeration, even when the particle size of ammonium perchlorate is approx. 1 μm. The burning rates also remained unchanged when ammonium perchlorate coated with 1 % activated charcoal was employed in propellant composition, after it has been exposed to the atmosphere for a period of 1 h.
Constitutive overexpression of cytochrome P450 associated with imidacloprid resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)
Authors: Elzaki Mohammed Esmail Abdalla , Zhang Wanfang , Feng Ai , Qiou Xiaoyan , Zhao Wanxue , Han Zhaojun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDImidacloprid is a principal insecticide for controlling rice planthoppers worldwide. Resistance to imidacloprid has been reported in a field population of Laodelphax striatellus. The present work was conducted to study the molecular mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance.RESULTSAn imidacloprid‐resistant strain was produced by selecting a field population with imidacloprid for 24 generations. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) showed a 1.70‐fold synergistic effect. Enzyme activity assays were conducted, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase showed 1.88‐fold activity. The mRNA expression levels of 57 P450 genes were compared. Four CYP genes were found to be overexpressed and significantly different to the susceptible strain. Four strains were selected with imidacloprid for a short period, and the expression levels of ten identified detoxification genes were then compared. Only CYP353D1v2 overexpressed and was significantly different to the susceptible strain. Strong correlation was found between CYP353D1v2 expression levels and imidacloprid treatments. Additionally, gene‐silencing RNAi via dsRNA feeding showed that depressing the expression of CYP353D1v2 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of L. striatellus to imidacloprid.CONCLUSIONConstitutive overexpression of four CYP genes was associated with imidacloprid resistance in long‐term selection, and expression of CYP353D1v2 with imidacloprid resistance in short‐term selection in L. striatellus. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Petrography and Microthermometry of Fluid Inclusions in Apatite in the Turamdih Uranium Deposit, Singhbhum Shear Zone, Eastern India - An Insight into Ore Forming Fluid
Authors: Pal Dipak C , Bhowmick Trisrota 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Singbhum shear zone is one of most important polymetallic mineralized zone, characterized by uranium, Cu and apatite-magnetite mineralization. Although there is unanimity regarding the hydrothermal nature of different ores, the fluid characters, particularly related to apatite-magnetite mineralization, are not very well-c onstrained. This study aims at deciphering the fluid character involved in apatite-magnetite and associated mineralization through fluid inclusion studies in apatite from apatite-magnetite-bearing uranium ores in the Turamdih uranium deposit.
The studied host rock is quartz-chlorite schist comprising predominantly of quartz, and chlorite with magnetite, apatite, uraninite, monazite, allanite chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Textural and micro-structural relations of apatite indicate that the studied apatite along with uraninite and monazite crystallized prior to or at the early stage of shearing. Based on the content of fluid inclusions in ambient room temperature, the primary inclusions are classified in to two groups, namely type-I and type-II. Aqueous bi-phase inclusions, defined as type-1, are most common and abundant. The type-II polyphase inclusions are characterized by the presence of aqueous liquid, vapor and one or more solid phases. Fluid inclusion microthermometric experiments suggest that apatite crystallized from highly saline fluid and the fluid composition can be best expressed as H2O-NaCl-CaCl2 (± MgCl2) brine. The salinity varies between ~ 22 to 43 wt % NaCl equivalents. Although, the final melting temperature of hydrohalite could not be determined due to very small size of the inclusions, the minimum concentrations of CaCl2 was calculated considering the final ice melting temperature to be the hydrohalite melting temperature. The NaCl and CaCl2 content ranges between ~ 2 to 21 and ~ 4 to 28 wt. % respectively and the CaCl2:NaCl ratio are mostly above 1:1 indicating a calcic brine. The temperature of final homogenization (Th) of type-I inclusion (L+V→L) ranges mostly between 240° to 450°C. This study suggests that apatite started crystallizing at a higher temperature (Th ~ 450°C) from a high salinity brine (~35 wt% NaCl equivalent). Subsequently, this fluid mixed with a fluid of lower temperature (Th ~ 300oC) and somewhat lower salinity (~ 25 wt% NaCl equivalent). The associated uraninite and monazite likely precipitated along with apatite from the same fluid. However, the temperature of fluid entrapment and hence apatite crystallization must be higher as Th provides the minimum temperature of entrapment. Based on this study and several other lines of evidence, we propose that the mineralizing fluid was derived from basinal brine or from evaporite dissolution.