bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Symmetric Special Biserial Algebras With At Most One Non-Uniserial Indecomposable Projective
Authors: Snashall Nicole , Taillefer Rachel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe consider a natural generalization of symmetric Nakayama algebras, namely, symmetric special biserial algebras with at most one non-uniserial indecomposable projective module. We describe the basic algebras explicitly by quiver and relations, then classify them up to derived equivalence and up to stable equivalence of Morita type. This includes the weakly symmetric algebras of Euclidean type n, as studied by Bocian et al., as well as some algebras of dihedral type.
The link between mental health-related discrimination and suicidality: service user perspectives
Authors: Farrelly S. , Jeffery D. , Rüsch N. , Williams P. , Thornicroft G. , Clement S. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundSuicide is a major global public health issue. Mental illness is a risk factor for suicide, but as many individuals with a diagnosed mental health problem do not experience suicidal ideation or attempt suicide, other individual and societal factors must be considered. Mental illness-related discrimination is one potential risk factor.MethodUsing mixed methods, the influence of discrimination on suicidality amongst 194 individuals diagnosed with depression, bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorders was investigated. Qualitative interviews with a sub-sample of 58 individuals who reported a link between experience of discrimination and suicidality were analysed using framework analysis. Quantitative methods were used to examine the model derived from qualitative analyses.ResultsResults indicate that the experience of discrimination led 38% of the overall sample of 194 participants, to suicidal feelings and 20% reported that it contributed to making a suicide attempt. The qualitative model derived from interviews with a sub-sample of 58 participants suggested that the experience of discrimination is experienced as a stressor that exceeds coping resources, leading to a negative self-image and a perception of decreased supportive networks/social structure. The anticipation of further negative events and treatment, and the perception of a lack of supportive networks led individuals in this study to feelings of hopelessness and suicidality. Quantitative analyses provided support for the model.ConclusionsThese data suggest that both psychological therapies aimed at improving coping skills and population-level anti-stigma interventions that reduce the occurrence of discrimination may provide some protection against suicide amongst individuals with mental health problems.
Nonsoluble length of finite groups with commutators of small order
Authors: CONTRERAS–ROJAS Y. , SHUMYATSKY PAVEL 
Published: February 2015

AbstractLet p be a prime. Every finite group G has a normal series each of whose quotients either is p-soluble or is a direct product of nonabelian simple groups of orders divisible by p. The non-p-soluble length λp(G) is defined as the minimal number of non-p-soluble quotients in a series of this kind.We deal with the question whether, for a given prime p and a given proper group variety , there is a bound for the non-p-soluble length λp of finite groups whose Sylow p-subgroups belong to . Let the word w be a multilinear commutator. In this paper we answer the question in the affirmative in the case where p is odd and the variety is the one of groups satisfying the law we ≡ 1.
AN EPITOME OF GALEN'SON THE ELEMENTSASCRIBED TO ḤUNAYN IBN ISḤĀQ
Authors: Bos Gerrit , Langermann Y. Tzvi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGalen'sOn the Elements according to Hippocratesis an important source for physical doctrines circulating in late antiquity. The variety of atomistic doctrines that Galen brings into the discussion, as well as his arguments aimed at refuting them, were closely studied by the early kalām atomists. Of particular interest are the summaries of this text, which seem to have been written many centuries after Galen; some of them are products of early Islamicate culture. In this paper, we present an edition, translation, and study of a hitherto unknown summary, extent in a unique manuscript where it is attributed to Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq. Like the other summaries, it presents a doxography of physical doctrines, not always repeating precisely what Galen says, but rather reflecting the discourse of its period.
The 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution: Assessing its Effectiveness as a Multilateral Environmental Regime after 35 Years
Authors: Byrne Adam 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere is no definitive approach to assessing the effectiveness of international environmental regimes. In order to explore the regime established by the 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution this article broadly integrates the approach to effectiveness taken by Peter H. Sand inThe Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements,and Daniel Bodansky inThe Art and Craft of International Environmental Law. The article finds that compliance, institutional, and normative effectiveness can be evaluated relatively confidently. An effectiveness assessment of the long-range transboundary air pollution (LRTAP) regime indicates that, on the whole, it has helped states to reach agreement on contentious issues and achieve results in air pollution reduction. However, it faces significant challenges with regard to participation, implementation procedures, empowerment of domestic stakeholders, and funding. The article provides an in-depth and up-to-date look at the LRTAP regime, including the most recent amendments and its relationship with European Union and international law.
Microbial carbon metabolism associated with electrogenic sulphur oxidation in coastal sediments
Authors: Vasquez-Cardenas Diana , van de Vossenberg Jack , Polerecky Lubos , Malkin Sairah Y , Schauer Regina , Hidalgo-Martinez Silvia , Confurius Veronique , Middelburg Jack J , Meysman Filip J R , Boschker Henricus T S 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Recently, a novel electrogenic type of sulphur oxidation was documented in marine sediments, whereby filamentous cable bacteria (Desulfobulbaceae) are mediating electron transport over cm-scale distances. These cable bacteria are capable of developing an extensive network within days, implying a highly efficient carbon acquisition strategy. Presently, the carbon metabolism of cable bacteria is unknown, and hence we adopted a multidisciplinary approach to study the carbon substrate utilization of both cable bacteria and associated microbial community in sediment incubations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed rapid downward growth of cable bacteria, concomitant with high rates of electrogenic sulphur oxidation, as quantified by microelectrode profiling. We studied heterotrophy and autotrophy by following 13C-propionate and -bicarbonate incorporation into bacterial fatty acids. This biomarker analysis showed that propionate uptake was limited to fatty acid signatures typical for the genus Desulfobulbus. The nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis confirmed heterotrophic rather than autotrophic growth of cable bacteria. Still, high bicarbonate uptake was observed in concert with the development of cable bacteria. Clone libraries of 16S complementary DNA showed numerous sequences associated to chemoautotrophic sulphur-oxidizing Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas 13C-bicarbonate biomarker labelling suggested that these sulphur-oxidizing bacteria were active far below the oxygen penetration. A targeted manipulation experiment demonstrated that chemoautotrophic carbon fixation was tightly linked to the heterotrophic activity of the cable bacteria down to cm depth. Overall, the results suggest that electrogenic sulphur oxidation is performed by a microbial consortium, consisting of chemoorganotrophic cable bacteria and chemolithoautotrophic Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria. The metabolic linkage between these two groups is presently unknown and needs further study.
Methane oxidation coupled to oxygenic photosynthesis in anoxic waters
Authors: Milucka Jana , Kirf Mathias , Lu Lu , Krupke Andreas , Lam Phyllis , Littmann Sten , Kuypers Marcel M M , Schubert Carsten J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Freshwater lakes represent large methane sources that, in contrast to the Ocean, significantly contribute to non-anthropogenic methane emissions to the atmosphere. Particularly mixed lakes are major methane emitters, while permanently and seasonally stratified lakes with anoxic bottom waters are often characterized by strongly reduced methane emissions. The causes for this reduced methane flux from anoxic lake waters are not fully understood. Here we identified the microorganisms and processes responsible for the near complete consumption of methane in the anoxic waters of a permanently stratified lake, Lago di Cadagno. Interestingly, known anaerobic methanotrophs could not be detected in these waters. Instead, we found abundant gamma-proteobacterial aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria active in the anoxic waters. In vitro incubations revealed that, among all the tested potential electron acceptors, only the addition of oxygen enhanced the rates of methane oxidation. An equally pronounced stimulation was also observed when the anoxic water samples were incubated in the light. Our combined results from molecular, biogeochemical and single-cell analyses indicate that methane removal at the anoxic chemocline of Lago di Cadagno is due to true aerobic oxidation of methane fuelled by in situ oxygen production by photosynthetic algae. A similar mechanism could be active in seasonally stratified lakes and marine basins such as the Black Sea, where light penetrates to the anoxic chemocline. Given the widespread occurrence of seasonally stratified anoxic lakes, aerobic methane oxidation coupled to oxygenic photosynthesis might have an important but so far neglected role in methane emissions from lakes.
Continuously tunable electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides superlattices
Authors: Zhao Yong-Hong , Yang Feng , Wang Jian , Guo Hong , Ji Wei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have very exciting properties for optoelectronic applications. In this work we theoretically investigate and predict that superlattices comprised of MoS2 and WSe2 multilayers possess continuously tunable electronic structure with direct bandgaps. The tunability is controlled by the thickness ratio of MoS2 versus WSe2 of the superlattice. When this ratio goes from 1:2 to 5:1, the dominant K-K direct bandgap is continuously tuned from 0.14 eV to 0.5 eV. The gap stays direct against −0.6% to 2% in-layer strain and up to −4.3% normal-layer compressive strain. The valance and conduction bands are spatially separated. These robust properties suggest that MoS2 and WSe2 multilayer superlattice should be a promising material for infrared optoelectronics.
Topological incommensurate magnetization plateaus in quasi-periodic quantum spin chains
Authors: Hu Hai-Ping , Cheng Chen , Luo Hong-Gang , Chen Shu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUncovering topologically nontrivial states in nature is an intriguing and important issue in recent years. While most studies are based on the topological band insulators, the topological state in strongly correlated low-dimensional systems has not been extensively explored due to the failure of direct explanation from the topological band insulator theory on such systems and the origin of the topological property is unclear. Here we report the theoretical discovery of strongly correlated topological states in quasi-periodic Heisenberg spin chain systems corresponding to a series of incommensurate magnetization plateaus under the presence of the magnetic field, which are uniquely determined by the quasi-periodic structure of exchange couplings. The topological features of plateau states are demonstrated by the existence of non-trivial spin-flip edge excitations, which can be well characterized by nonzero topological invariants defined in a two-dimensional parameter space. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the topological invariant of the plateau state can be read out from a generalized Streda formula and the spin-flip excitation spectrum exhibits a similar structure of the Hofstadter's butterfly spectrum for the two-dimensional quantum Hall system on a lattice.
Enhancing robustness of coupled networks under targeted recoveries
Authors: Gong Maoguo , Ma Lijia , Cai Qing , Jiao Licheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCoupled networks are extremely fragile because a node failure of a network would trigger a cascade of failures on the entire system. Existing studies mainly focused on the cascading failures and the robustness of coupled networks when the networks suffer from attacks. In reality, it is necessary to recover the damaged networks and there are cascading failures in recovery processes. In this study, firstly, we analyze the cascading failures of coupled networks during recoveries. Then, a recovery robustness index is presented for evaluating the resilience of coupled networks to cascading failures in the recovery processes. Finally, we propose a technique aiming at protecting several influential nodes for enhancing robustness of coupled networks under the recoveries and adopt six strategies based on the potential knowledge of network centrality to find the influential nodes. Experiments on three coupling networks demonstrate that with a small number of influential nodes protected, the robustness of coupled networks under the recoveries can be greatly enhanced.
Measuring the Refractive Index of Highly Crystalline Monolayer MoS2 with High Confidence
Authors: Zhang Hui , Ma Yaoguang , Wan Yi , Rong Xin , Xie Ziang , Wang Wei , Dai Lun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMonolayer molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has attracted much attention, due to its attractive properties, such as two-dimensional properties, direct bandgap, valley-selective circular dichroism and valley Hall effect. However, some of its fundamental physical parameters, e.g. refractive index, have not been studied in detail because of measurement difficulties. In this work, we have synthesized highly crystalline monolayer MoS2 on SiO2/Si substrates via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and devised a method to measure their optical contrast spectra. Using these contrast spectra, we extracted the complex refractive index spectrum of monolayer MoS2 in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 750 nm. We have analyzed the pronounced difference between the obtained complex refractive index spectrum and that of bulk MoS2. The method presented here is effective for two-dimensional materials of small size. Furthermore, we have calculated the color contour plots of the contrast as a function of both SiO2 thickness and incident light wavelength for monolayer MoS2 using the obtained refractive index spectrum. These plots are useful for both fundamental study and device application.
Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Lu Hua , Zeng Chao , Zhang Qiming , Liu Xueming , Hossain Md Muntasir , Reineck Philipp , Gu Min 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFinding new ways to control and slow down the group velocity of light in media remains a major challenge in the field of optics. For the design of plasmonic slow light structures, graphene represents an attractive alternative to metals due to its strong field confinement, comparably low ohmic loss and versatile tunability. Here we propose a novel nanostructure consisting of a monolayer graphene on a silicon based graded grating structure. An external gate voltage is applied to graphene and silicon, which are separated by a spacer layer of silica. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the structure exhibits an ultra-high slowdown factor above 450 for the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited in graphene, which also enables the spatially resolved trapping of light. Slowdown and trapping occur in the mid-infrared wavelength region within a bandwidth of ~2.1 μm and on a length scale less than 1/6 of the operating wavelength. The slowdown factor can be precisely tuned simply by adjusting the external gate voltage, offering a dynamic pathway for the release of trapped SPPs at room temperature. The presented results will enable the development of highly tunable optoelectronic devices such as plasmonic switches and buffers.
Topological Metal of NaBi with Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and Electron-phonon Superconductivity
Authors: Li Ronghan , Cheng Xiyue , Xie Qing , Sun Yan , Li Dianzhong , Li Yiyi , Chen Xing-Qiu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBy means of first-principles and ab initio tight-binding calculations, we found that the compound of NaBi is a three-dimensional non-trivial topological metal. Its topological feature can be confirmed by the presence of band inversion, the derived effective Z2 invariant and the non-trivial surface states with the presence of Dirac cones. Interestingly, our calculations further demonstrated that NaBi exhibits the uniquely combined properties between the electron-phonon coupling superconductivity in nice agreement with recent experimental measurements and the obviously anisotropic but extremely low thermal conductivity. The spin-orbit coupling effects greatly affect those properties. NaBi may provide a rich platform to study the relationship among metal, topology, superconductivity and thermal conductivity.
Complex dynamics of a dc glow discharge tube: Experimental modeling and stability diagrams
Authors: Pugliese Eugenio , Meucci Riccardo , Euzzor Stefano , Freire Joana G. , Gallas Jason A. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report a detailed experimental study of the complex behavior of a dc low-pressure plasma discharge tube of the type commonly used in commercial illuminated signs, in a microfluidic chip recently proposed for visible analog computing and other practical devices. Our experiments reveal a clear quasiperiodicity route to chaos, the two competing frequencies being the relaxation frequency and the plasma eigenfrequency. Based on an experimental volt-ampere characterization of the discharge, we propose a macroscopic model of the current flowing in the plasma. The model, governed by four autonomous ordinary differential equations, is used to compute stability diagrams for periodic oscillations of arbitrary period in the control parameter space of the discharge. Such diagrams show self-pulsations to emerge remarkably organized into intricate mosaics of stability phases with extended regions of multistability (overlap). Specific mosaics are predicted for the four dynamical variables of the discharge. Their experimental observation is an open challenge.
Robust magnetic moments on the basal plane of the graphene sheet effectively induced by OH groups
Authors: Tang Tao , Tang Nujiang , Zheng Yongping , Wan Xiangang , Liu Yuan , Liu Fuchi , Xu Qinghua , Du Youwei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInducing robust magnetic moments on the basal plane of the graphene sheet is very difficult and is one of the greatest challenges in the study of physical chemistry of graphene materials. Theoretical studies predicted that introduction of a kind of sp3-type defects formed by OH groups is an effective pathway to achieve this goal [Boukhvalov, D. W. & Katsnelson, M. I. ACS Nano 5, 2440–2446 (2011)]. Here we demonstrate that OH groups can efficiently induce robust magnetic moments on the basal plane of the graphene sheet. We show that the inducing efficiency can reach as high as 217 μB per 1000 OH groups. More interestingly, the magnetic moments are robust and can survive even at 900°C. Our findings highlight the importance of OH group as an effective sp3-type candidate for inducing robust magnetic moments on the basal plane of the graphene sheet.
A neuro-inspired model-based closed-loop neuroprosthesis for the substitution of a cerebellar learning function in anesthetized rats
Authors: Hogri Roni , Bamford Simeon A. , Taub Aryeh H. , Magal Ari , Giudice Paolo Del , Mintz Matti 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNeuroprostheses could potentially recover functions lost due to neural damage. Typical neuroprostheses connect an intact brain with the external environment, thus replacing damaged sensory or motor pathways. Recently, closed-loop neuroprostheses, bidirectionally interfaced with the brain, have begun to emerge, offering an opportunity to substitute malfunctioning brain structures. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate a neuro-inspired model-based approach to neuroprostheses. A VLSI chip was designed to implement essential cerebellar synaptic plasticity rules and was interfaced with cerebellar input and output nuclei in real time, thus reproducing cerebellum-dependent learning in anesthetized rats. Such a model-based approach does not require prior system identification, allowing for de novo experience-based learning in the brain-chip hybrid, with potential clinical advantages and limitations when compared to existing parametric “black box” models.
S100A4 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through a dual signaling pathway mediated by Src and focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Che Pulin , Yang Youfeng , Han Xiaosi , Hu Meng , Sellers Jeffery C. , Londono-Joshi Angelina I. , Cai Guo-Qiang , Buchsbaum Donald J. , Christein John D. , Tang Qinjiu , Chen Dongquan , Li Qianjun , Grizzle William E. , Lu Yin Ying , Ding Qiang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractS100A4 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. The effects of loss or gain of S100A4 were examined in pancreatic cancer cell lines. S100A4 downregulation remarkably reduces cell migration and invasion, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in pancreatic tumor cells. S100A4 downregulation results in significant cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in response to TGF-β1, supporting a non-canonical role of S100A4 in pancreatic cancer. The role of S100A4 in tumor progression was studied by using an orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model. Tumor mass is remarkably decreased in animals injected with S100A4-deficient pancreatic tumor cells. P27Kip1 expression and cleaved caspase-3 are increased, while cyclin E expression is decreased, in S100A4-deficient pancreatic tumors in vivo. S100A4-deficient tumors have lower expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting reduced angiogenesis. Biochemical assays revealed that S100A4 activates Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling events and inhibition of both kinases is required to maximally block the tumorigenic potential of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings support that S100A4 plays an important role in pancreatic cancer progression in vivo and S100A4 promotes tumorigenic phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells through the Src-FAK mediated dual signaling pathway.