bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study exploring FM components for elderly in care and attention homes using post occupancy evaluation
Authors: Leung Mei-yung , Yu Jingyu , Dongyu Chen , Yuan Ting 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The paper aims to investigate the key components of facilities management (FM) in care and attention (C & A) homes from the end users’ perspective based on a post-occupancy evaluation method. Hong Kong is a rapidly ageing society. Elderly population may reach 24.3 per cent in the next 20 years, causing an increase in the demand for care services. Therefore, it is necessary to provide sufficient and satisfactory residential C & A homes with appropriate facilities for our elderly.Design/methodology/approach– To collect subjective data from end users, a questionnaire survey was conducted in 119 respondents consisting of both elderly residents and staff of the C & A homes. To further understand the actual situations, site measurements were also used to collect the objective data from the representative homes.Findings– The results indicate that three aspects of key FM components, namely, architect, building services and supporting, all have significant relationships with the overall satisfaction. The site measurements further revealed the actual environment of the seven C & A homes, especially the contrasts between homes with highest scores (Homes E and F) and lowest scores (B and D).Practical implications– To provide a clear picture to the government and construction professionals, a number of practical recommendations were proposed, such as sufficient space with single or couple bedrooms, sufficient corridor width for two people in wheelchairs and white or pink as the colour scheme in architectural aspect; sufficient lighting, central air conditioning system and adequate quantities of natural fresh air in the building service aspect; and frequently updated menus, door lock and CCTV system for supporting facilities.Originality/value– This paper applied site measurement on the representative homes to cross-check the quantitative results. The findings of this study can assist architects and facilities managers in C & A homes to improve FM services during the design and operational stages for improving the satisfaction levels of elderly residents.
The evolution of public services from co-production to co-creation and beyond
Authors: Virtanen Petri , Stenvall Jari 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– Based on the concept of “intelligent public organisation” as a new theoretical trajectory for New Public Management (NPM) theory, this paper brings together the recent critical discussion on NPM as it relates to public services and service science while specifically pinpointing the nature of public sector intelligence, evaluation, as well as management and leadership of public services. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The paper highlights the ongoing discussion on service-dominant logic and reflects the major innovations in service research, innovation studies, organisational learning, development methods, and evaluation from the public services’ perspective.Findings– It is argued that contemporary public management theories and practices – and theories reflecting the role of public services – should make more use of that body of literature focusing on substantive service-dominant theories found in marketing and business studies. The paper concludes that the academic discourse on NPM and New Public Governance (NPG) has been rich in content, but to date rather biased from a public services perspective.Practical implications– It is argued that public services are arenas for interaction, co-operation, and co-creation, orchestrated by the networks of organisations providing these services. The essence of “service user” has also changed in recent decades. This development has practical implications for developing leadership practices in public services.Originality/value– Doctrines of NPM and NPG have been missing an appreciation of the comprehensive role played by public services and the role of evaluation of public services has also been largely ignored. In this light and in regards to public services in particular, the new wave of public policy evaluation paradigms could usefully be integrated with NPG.
Perceptions of clinical leadership amongst West Midlands registrars
Authors: Mendis Dulani , Paton Calum 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– Previously published studies about trainee perceptions of clinical leadership, although small in number, have not assessed the opinions of senior registrars nor established their awareness of the relevant leadership frameworks. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey questions and interview questions were designed and a comparison of the relevant literature was performed. An online survey was sent via e-mail to a potential of 2,126 registrar trainees within the deanery and a series of semi-structured interviews (analysed via a content analysis) were conducted amongst voluntary subjects.

Findings
– The response rate for the questionnaire was 247/2,126 (11.6 per cent). Respondents recognised the importance of leadership (90.4 per cent), professionalism (99.6 per cent) and promoted team-working (89.8 per cent). In total, 94.3 per cent of respondents have had ideas for improvement in their workplace; however, only 27.9 per cent have had their ideas for change implemented. Of the 85.5 per cent of trainees who are not aware of the leadership frameworks, 89.1 per cent performed leadership activities either daily or sometimes. The priorities of registrars did appear to differ between the junior and senior grades.

Originality/value
– Registrar trainees have a desire to engage and a perceived ability to contribute to service improvement; however, a lack of encouragement, awareness and limited training opportunities serve to hamper the development of clinical leadership potential. This study presents itself as a pilot and will hopefully prompt a larger deanery study to gain a thorough assessment of all trainee perceptions, in order to improve the training programme and ultimately create a generation of consultants equipped to engage in clinical leadership throughout their lifelong career in the National Health Service.
Library instruction for first-year students
Authors: Dhawan Amrita , j Chen Ching-Jung 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to discuss the background, design and implementation of the new library instruction. When a new core curriculum for first-year students was adopted at the City College of New York in the fall of 2008, the City College Library took this opportunity to establish a new approach to teach library research to freshmen. Two library workshops were embedded into a six-credit combined content and writing course.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper documents the process by which the City College Library successfully transitioned to the new system and also reflects on the theory and practice of teaching information literacy in an academic setting.

Findings
– Library workshops embedded within the new core curriculum have clear advantages over previous library instruction. By designing and implementing library workshops to blend with the new course, the Library has become a partner in an innovative first-year program.

Practical implications
– This study will provide useful information on the teaching and assessment of embedded library instruction and stimulate further thought on the role of information instruction in furthering the mission of undergraduate education.

Originality/value
– This paper presents opportunities to expand library instruction to the first-year seminar, the most commonly implemented curricular intervention designed for freshman students. By taking part in this important project, the Library becomes an integral participant in the initiative for retention and success for undergraduate education.
Student reflections on multimodal course content delivery
Authors: A. Jackson Shaun 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a for-credit information literacy course redesign that used a flexible multimodal framework to address individual student learning preferences, personal differences and abilities as well as teaching preferences.Design/methodology/approach– Students taking the course were surveyed as to their preferences for content delivery. A qualitative analysis of student reflections was conducted to determine the efficacy of maintaining multiple course formats and to solicit feedback for course improvements.Findings– Results show that students were definitive in their preferences for how they access course materials and that enough students used each format to justify maintaining both. Findings also showed students’ appreciation for being given options.Research limitations/implications– Content delivery modes are changing rapidly. Future studies should explore the efficacy of other modes of delivery.Practical implications– As technology and students’ familiarity with course delivery modes change, how we deliver content to students will also change. The key to reaching students in an effective manner is flexibility.Originality/value– Exploring why and how students choose to learn provides valuable feedback into how we should or should not deliver course content. Learning what works, and providing multiple options, will increase the likelihood of success for a diverse student body.
Limits to robustness and reproducibility in the demarcation of operational taxonomic units
Authors: Schmidt Thomas S. B. , Matias Rodrigues João F. , von Mering Christian 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe demarcation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from complex sequence data sets is a key step in contemporary studies of microbial ecology. However, as biologically motivated ‘optimal’ OTU‐binning algorithms remain elusive, many conceptually distinct approaches continue to be used. Using a global data set of 887 870 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences, we objectively quantified biases introduced by several widely employed sequence clustering algorithms. We found that OTU‐binning methods often provided surprisingly non‐equivalent partitions of identical data sets, notably when clustering to the same nominal similarity thresholds; and we quantified the resulting impact on ecological data description for a well‐defined human skin microbiome data set. We observed that some methods were very robust to varying clustering thresholds, while others were found to be highly susceptible even to slight threshold variations. Moreover, we comprehensively quantified the impact of the choice of 16S rRNA gene subregion, as well as of data set scope and context on algorithm performance. Our findings may contribute to an enhanced comparability of results across sequence‐processing pipelines, and we arrive at recommendations towards higher levels of standardization in established workflows.
Fungal biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles: mechanism and scale up
Authors: Kitching Michael , Ramani Meghana , Marsili Enrico 
Published: August 2014

SummaryGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a widespread research tool because of their oxidation resistance, biocompatibility and stability. Chemical methods for AuNP synthesis often produce toxic residues that raise environmental concern. On the other hand, the biological synthesis of AuNPs in viable microorganisms and their cell‐free extracts is an environmentally friendly and low‐cost process. In general, fungi tolerate higher metal concentrations than bacteria and secrete abundant extracellular redox proteins to reduce soluble metal ions to their insoluble form and eventually to nanocrystals. Fungi harbour untapped biological diversity and may provide novel metal reductases for metal detoxification and bioreduction. A thorough understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of AuNPs in fungi is needed to reduce the time of biosynthesis and to scale up the AuNP production process. In this review, we describe the known mechanisms for AuNP biosynthesis in viable fungi and fungal protein extracts and discuss the most suitable bioreactors for industrial AuNP biosynthesis.
Uterine artery Doppler in high‐risk pregnancies at 23–24 gestational weeks is of value in predicting adverse outcome of pregnancy and selecting cases for more intense surveillance
Authors: Li Na , Ghosh Gisela , Gudmundsson Saemundur 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the role of the placental arterial Doppler examination at 23–24 gestational weeks for predicting adverse perinatal outcome in high‐risk pregnancies.DesignRetrospective register study.SettingSkåne University Hospital in Malmö.PopulationSix hundred and forty‐five women with high‐risk pregnancies, without fetal malformations or chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsPlacental (uterine and umbilical artery) Doppler ultrasound examination at 23–24 gestational weeks.Main outcome measuresAdverse perinatal outcomes including preeclampsia, small‐for‐gestational age newborns (smaller than 3rd percentile or smaller than the 10th percentile), preterm delivery (<34 weeks or <37 weeks of gestation at delivery), cesarean section, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and intra‐uterine fetal death.ResultsAbnormal uterine artery Doppler values were detected in 45% of this high‐risk group but abnormal umbilical artery Doppler indices were only seen in 3.7%. Adverse perinatal outcome increased significantly with increasing placental vascular impedance (p < 0.0001). There were seven cases of intrauterine fetal death and in five the uterine artery Doppler values at 23–24 weeks were abnormal. A strong correlation between abnormal uterine artery Doppler and preeclampsia was present, but not with other forms of hypertensive disorder.ConclusionPlacental Doppler screening at 23–24 weeks can be used in detecting pregnancies at risk of adverse outcome and in selecting cases for more intense surveillance. A surveillance plan is proposed based on Doppler screening at 23–24 weeks of gestation.
The pharmacokinetics of sertraline in overdose and the effect of activated charcoal
Authors: Cooper Joyce M. , Duffull Stephen B. , Saiao Ana S. , Isbister Geoffrey K. 
Published: August 2014

AimsTo investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sertraline in overdose and the effect of single dose activated charcoal (SDAC).MethodsPatients presenting to a toxicology unit with sertraline overdoses had demographic and clinical information recorded, and serial serum collected for measurement of sertraline concentrations. Monolix® version 4.2 was used to develop a population PK model of sertraline overdose and the effect of SDAC. Uncertainty in dose time was accounted for by shifting dose time using lag time with between subject variability (BSV). BSV on relative fraction absorbed was used to model uncertainty in dose.ResultsThere were 77 timed sertraline concentrations measured in 28 patients with sertraline overdoses with a median dose of 1550 mg (250–5000 mg). SDAC was given to seven patients between 1.5 and 4 h post‐overdose. A one compartment model with lag time of 1 h and first order input and elimination adequately described the data. Including BSV on both lag time and relative fraction absorbed improved the model. The population PK parameter estimates for absorption rate constant, volume of distribution and clearance were 0.895 h−1, 5340 l and 130 l h−1, respectively. The calculated half‐life of sertraline following overdose was 28 h (IQR 19.4−30.6h). When given up to 4 h post‐overdose, SDAC significantly increased the clearance of sertraline by a factor of 1.9, decreased the area under the curve and decreased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).ConclusionsSertraline had linear kinetics in overdose with parameter values similar to those in therapeutic use. SDAC is effective in increasing clearance when given 1.5 to 4 h post‐overdose.
The effects of climate change and land‐use change on demographic rates and population viability
Authors: Selwood Katherine E. , McGeoch Melodie A. , Mac Nally Ralph 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the processes that lead to species extinctions is vital for lessening pressures on biodiversity. While species diversity, presence and abundance are most commonly used to measure the effects of human pressures, demographic responses give a more proximal indication of how pressures affect population viability and contribute to extinction risk. We reviewed how demographic rates are affected by the major anthropogenic pressures, changed landscape condition caused by human land use, and climate change. We synthesized the results of 147 empirical studies to compare the relative effect size of climate and landscape condition on birth, death, immigration and emigration rates in plant and animal populations. While changed landscape condition is recognized as the major driver of species declines and losses worldwide, we found that, on average, climate variables had equally strong effects on demographic rates in plant and animal populations. This is significant given that the pressures of climate change will continue to intensify in coming decades. The effects of climate change on some populations may be underestimated because changes in climate conditions during critical windows of species life cycles may have disproportionate effects on demographic rates. The combined pressures of land‐use change and climate change may result in species declines and extinctions occurring faster than otherwise predicted, particularly if their effects are multiplicative.
Did ‘precautionary’ 1080 baiting have a realistic potential to eradicate Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Tasmania without in situ monitoring data?
Authors: Marks Clive A. , Edwards Ivo , Obendorf David , Pereira Filipe , Hall Graham P. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryAnecdotal reports in 2001 suggested that the European Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) had been deliberately released in Tasmania and thereafter an eradication programme using buried fluoroacetic acid (1080) baits was believed to be a necessary precautionary action until mid‐2013. Prerequisites for the successful eradication of foxes relate to the scale of the undertaking and the ability to collect in situ data such as the distribution and abundance of the target population and measures of the efficacy of the control technique. Previously, 1080 baiting has demonstrated only limited potential as a fox eradication technique on islands when used on a scale between 685 and 2141 times smaller than Tasmania. In the absence of empirical monitoring data confirming the distribution or abundance of extant foxes, buried baiting was targeted to specific landscapes believed to be preferred by foxes. No empirical data was collected concerning the in situ effectiveness of baiting in Tasmania, yet an a priori assumption of lethal efficacy was extrapolated from four heterogeneous mainland studies to suggest that foxes would have only a 0.23 probability of surviving each bait treatment. We show that these studies were unrepresentative of Tasmanian baiting methods used and influenced by imprecise fox population surveys and misreported data. Overall, in the absence of key population monitoring and efficacy data, the ‘precautionary’ baiting strategy adopted did not have a realistic potential to eradicate fox incursions in Tasmania, nor is it an appropriate risk management strategy for other large offshore Australian islands. Contingency plans to counter fox incursions on offshore islands must address the currently inadequate technical capacity to reliably detect and monitor low‐density fox populations, which is an essential component of successful fox eradication.
Integrating metabolic performance, thermal tolerance, and plasticity enables for more accurate predictions on species vulnerability to acute and chronic effects of global warming
Authors: Magozzi Sarah , Calosi Piero 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPredicting species vulnerability to global warming requires a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of sublethal and lethal thermal tolerances. To date, however, most studies investigating species physiological responses to increasing temperature have focused on the underlying physiological traits of either acute or chronic tolerance in isolation. Here we propose an integrative, synthetic approach including the investigation of multiple physiological traits (metabolic performance and thermal tolerance), and their plasticity, to provide more accurate and balanced predictions on species and assemblage vulnerability to both acute and chronic effects of global warming. We applied this approach to more accurately elucidate relative species vulnerability to warming within an assemblage of six caridean prawns occurring in the same geographic, hence macroclimatic, region, but living in different thermal habitats. Prawns were exposed to four incubation temperatures (10, 15, 20 and 25 °C) for 7 days, their metabolic rates and upper thermal limits were measured, and plasticity was calculated according to the concept of Reaction Norms, as well as Q10 for metabolism. Compared to species occupying narrower/more stable thermal niches, species inhabiting broader/more variable thermal environments (including the invasive Palaemon macrodactylus) are likely to be less vulnerable to extreme acute thermal events as a result of their higher upper thermal limits. Nevertheless, they may be at greater risk from chronic exposure to warming due to the greater metabolic costs they incur. Indeed, a trade‐off between acute and chronic tolerance was apparent in the assemblage investigated. However, the invasive species P. macrodactylus represents an exception to this pattern, showing elevated thermal limits and plasticity of these limits, as well as a high metabolic control. In general, integrating multiple proxies for species physiological acute and chronic responses to increasing temperature helps providing more accurate predictions on species vulnerability to warming.
Circadian rhythms variation of pain in burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Lopez‐Jornet Pia , Molino Pagan Diana , Andujar Mateos Paz , Rodriguez Agudo Consuelo , Pons‐Fuster Alvaro 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the intensity of pain and levels of disability at different times through the day in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) over a 14‐day period.MethodsThis was a prospective clinical study of 30 patients with BMS, 26 of whom completed the study. The parameters studied were pain intensity (using a visual analog scale), Disability Index (in the morning, afternoon and night), quality of life (using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD).ResultsMean pain was 5.1 ± 1.8 and disability was 2.09 ± 1.40. There were significant differences between the three pain measurements taken at different times of day: between morning and afternoon (P ≤ 0.001), morning and evening (P ≤ 0.001), and afternoon and evening (P ≤ 0.001). Regression analysis found that the mean Pain Disability Index (R2 corrected = 0.329; F = 3.44; P = 0.02) was also affected by anxiety (P = 0.036).ConclusionPain and disability increase as the day progresses in patients with BMS, and are influenced by anxiety. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 490–495.