bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myb Permits Multilineage Airway Epithelial Cell Differentiation
Authors: Pan Jie-Hong , Adair-Kirk Tracy L. , Patel Anand C. , Huang Tao , Yozamp Nicholas S. , Xu Jian , Reddy E. Premkumar , Byers Derek E. , Pierce Richard A. , Holtzman Michael J. , Brody Steven L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe epithelium of the pulmonary airway is specially differentiated to provide defense against environmental insults, but also subject to dysregulated differentiation that results in lung disease. The current paradigm for airway epithelial differentiation is a one-step program whereby a p63+ basal epithelial progenitor cell generates a ciliated or secretory cell lineage, but the cue for this transition and whether there are intermediate steps are poorly defined. Here, we identify transcription factor Myb as a key regulator that permits early multilineage differentiation of airway epithelial cells. Myb+ cells were identified as p63− and therefore distinct from basal progenitor cells, but were still negative for markers of differentiation. Myb RNAi treatment of primary-culture airway epithelial cells and Myb gene deletion in mice resulted in a p63− population with failed maturation of Foxj1+ ciliated cells as well as Scbg1a1+ and Muc5ac+ secretory cells. Consistent with these findings, analysis of whole genome expression of Myb-deficient cells identified Myb-dependent programs for ciliated and secretory cell differentiation. Myb+ cells were rare in human airways but were increased in regions of ciliated cells and mucous cell hyperplasia in samples from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Together, the results show that a p63− Myb+ population of airway epithelial cells represents a distinct intermediate stage of differentiation that is required under normal conditions and may be heightened in airway disease. Stem Cells 2014;32:3245–3256
The carbonate fuel cell—concept to reality
Authors: Farooque M. 
Published: August 2014

The high temperature carbonate fuel cell is an ultraclean and high efficiency power generator. Its operating temperature, ∼550–650°C, is considered optimum to facilitate fast reaction kinetics, utilize waste heat efficiently, and at the same time allow use of commercial commodity construction materials and well‐established manufacturing processes which permit cell construction in large sizes. Also, the carbonate fuel cell can be equipped with the unique capability to generate hydrogen within the fuel cell from a hydrocarbon fuel allowing a simpler power plant system design. Because of these favorable attributes, the carbonate fuel cell is leading commercial deployment for clean distributed power. The carbonate fuel cell power plants are currently available in the size ranges 350 kW, 1.4 MW, and 2.8 MW. These plants are installed at numerous locations worldwide and have delivered 2.0 GWh of ultraclean electricity (as of mid‐December, 2013). Carbonate fuel cell technology and product status is described in this article. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:178–188. doi: 10.1002/wene.124This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Identification of candidate genes required for susceptibility to powdery or downy mildew in cucumber
Authors: Schouten Henk J. , Krauskopf Julian , Visser Richard G. F. , Bai Yuling 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPowdery mildew (PM, caused by Podosphaera fusca) and downy mildew (DM, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis) are important diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Breeding for resistance has been undertaken since the 1940s, but underlying resistance genes have not been functionally analysed yet. The published genome sequence of cucumber catalyses the search for such genes. Genetic studies have indicated that resistances to PM and DM in cucumber are often inherited recessively, which indicates the presence of susceptibility genes (S-genes). Therefore we analyzed the cucumber genome for homologs of functionally proven S-genes known from other plant species. We identified 13 MLO-like genes in cucumber, three of which cluster in Clade V, the clade that contains all known MLO-like susceptibility genes to powdery mildews in other dicots. The expression of one of these three genes, CsaMLO1, located on chromosome 1, was upregulated after PM inoculation. It co-localizes with a QTL for PM resistance previously identified. Also homologs of the susceptibility genes PMR4 and PMR5 are located at this QTL. The second MLO-like gene from Clade V (CsaMLO8) resides in a recessively inherited major QTL for PM resistance at the bottom of chromosome 5, together with a PMR6-like gene. Two major QTL for DM recessive resistance at the top of chromosome 5 co-localize with CsaDMR6-2, which is homologous to the DMR6 susceptibility gene in Arabidopsis. This study has identified several candidate genes for susceptibility to PM and DM in cucumber that may explain QTL for recessively inherited resistance, reported earlier.
Single Leg Squat Test and Its Relationship to Dynamic Knee Valgus and Injury Risk Screening
Authors: Ugalde Viviane , Brockman Chuck , Bailowitz Zach , Pollard Christine D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundLower extremity injuries are common in athletes. Valid tests to assess for risk of injury that are easily performed during a preparticipation sports physical examination are lacking. Two‐dimensional (2D) analysis of the drop‐jump test can identify athletes at risk, but it is too expensive and cumbersome to use in this setting.ObjectiveTo identify if those who perform a “positive”(abnormal postures) single leg squat (SLS) test also exhibit greater “dynamic valgus” on the 2D drop‐jump test. Our secondary purpose was to assess whether group differences in gender, age, or body mass index are evident between those who exhibit a positive SLS test result versus a negative SLS test result. Also, we wanted to determine any gender differences with the 2D drop‐jump test.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingPrivate practice, preparticipation sports physical examinations.ParticipantsA total of 142 middle school and high school athletes.MethodsParticipants performed a SLS test and a drop‐jump test during their preparticipation sports physical examination. Individuals were partitioned into groups based on the outcome of their SLS test (positive SLS group versus negative SLS group). Independent sample t‐tests were used to evaluate SLS group differences in the drop‐jump test, age, and body mass index, and the χ2 test was used to evaluate SLS group differences in gender (P ≤ .05).Main Outcome MeasurementsThe SLS test and drop‐jump test.ResultsSeventy‐three of the 142 athletes (51%) had a positive SLS test result, whereas 69 athletes (49%) had a negative SLS test result. Individuals in the positive SLS group had a significantly lower knee‐hip ratio), indicative of greater dynamic knee valgus, than did those in the negative SLS group (P = .02). Individual characteristics between SLS groups including gender, age, and body mass index were similar.ConclusionThe SLS test is a reasonable tool to use in preparticipation sports physical examinations to assess for dynamic knee valgus and the potential risk of lower extremity injury.
Transient Osteoporosis of Pregnancy of the Bilateral Hips in Twin Gestation: A Case Series
Authors: Reese Maria E. , Fitzgerald Colleen , Hynes Christina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTransient osteoporosis of pregnancy has been described as a rare, self‐limiting disease of unclear etiology that presents as severe pain, which typically affects pregnant women in their third trimester. We describe 3 cases of primigravid pregnant women with twin gestation who reported unilateral hip pain and who were diagnosed with transient osteoporosis of pregnancy of the hip by magnetic resonance imaging. These women were advised to undergo limited weight bearing and activity modification to minimize the risk of fracture. Each patient was able to proceed through her pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum course without complication, with symptom resolution, and return to unrestricted activity.
A history of the Allais paradox
Authors: HEUKELOM FLORIS 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article documents the history of the Allais paradox, and shows that underneath the many discussions of the various protagonists lay different, irreconcilable epistemological positions. Savage, like his mentor von Neumann and similar to economist Friedman, worked from an epistemology of generalized characterizations. Allais, on the other hand, like economists Samuelson and Baumol, started from an epistemology of exact descriptions in which every axiom was an empirical claim that could be refuted directly by observations. As a result, the two sides failed to find a common ground. Only a few decades later was the now so-called Allais paradox rediscovered as an important precursor when a new behavioural economic subdiscipline started to adopt the epistemology of exact descriptions and its accompanying falsifications of rational choice theory.
New Materialisms, discourse analysis, and International Relations: a radical intertextual approach
Authors: LUNDBORG TOM , VAUGHAN-WILLIAMS NICK 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the recent ‘New Materialisms’ turn in social and political thought and asks what the potential theoretical and methodological significance might be for the study of International Relations (IR). To do so we return to debates about the theoretical status of discourse in IR as it is in this context that the question of materiality – particularly as it relates to language – has featured prominently in recent years. While the concept of discourse is increasingly narrow in IR, the ‘New Materialisms’ literature emphasises the political force of materiality beyond language and representation. However, a move to reprioritise the politics of materiality over that of language and representation is equally problematic since it perpetuates rather than challenges the notion of a prior distinction between language and materiality. In response, we draw on earlier poststructural thought in order to displace this dichotomy and articulate an extended understanding of what analysing ‘discourse’ might mean in the study of IR.
Arguing with law: strategic legal argumentation, US diplomacy, and debates over the International Criminal Court
Authors: BOWER ADAM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the instrumental use of language, wherein actors deploy claims to strategically pursue policy goals in the absence of persuasion or socialisation. Yet these accounts are insufficiently attentive to the social context in which an audience assesses and responds to strategic appeals. I present a theoretical account that highlights the distinctly powerful role of international law in framing strategic argumentation. Legalised discourses are especially legitimate because law is premised on a set of internally coherent practices that constitute actors and forms of action. I then illustrate the implications in a hard case concerning US efforts to secure immunities from International Criminal Court jurisdiction. Contrary to realist accounts of law as a tool of the powerful, I show that both pro- and anti-ICC diplomacy was channelled through a legal lens that imposed substantial constraints on the pursuit of policy objectives. Court proponents responded to US diplomatic pressure with their own legal arguments; this narrowed the scope of the exemptions, even as the Security Council temporarily conceded to US demands. While the US sought to marry coercion with argumentative appeals, it failed to generate a lasting change in global practice concerning ICC jurisdiction.
Comparative genomics reveals adaptations of a halotolerant thaumarchaeon in the interfaces of brine pools in the Red Sea
Authors: Kamanda Ngugi David , Blom Jochen , Alam Intikhab , Rashid Mamoon , Ba-Alawi Wail , Zhang Guishan , Hikmawan Tyas , Guan Yue , Antunes Andre , Siam Rania , El Dorry Hamza , Bajic Vladimir , Stingl Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The bottom of the Red Sea harbors over 25 deep hypersaline anoxic basins that are geochemically distinct and characterized by vertical gradients of extreme physicochemical conditions. Because of strong changes in density, particulate and microbial debris get entrapped in the brine-seawater interface (BSI), resulting in increased dissolved organic carbon, reduced dissolved oxygen toward the brines and enhanced microbial activities in the BSI. These features coupled with the deep-sea prevalence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the global ocean make the BSI a suitable environment for studying the osmotic adaptations and ecology of these important players in the marine nitrogen cycle. Using phylogenomic-based approaches, we show that the local archaeal community of five different BSI habitats (with up to 18.2% salinity) is composed mostly of a single, highly abundant Nitrosopumilus-like phylotype that is phylogenetically distinct from the bathypelagic thaumarchaea; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were absent. The composite genome of this novel Nitrosopumilus-like subpopulation (RSA3) co-assembled from multiple single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from one such BSI habitat further revealed that it shares ∼54% of its predicted genomic inventory with sequenced Nitrosopumilus species. RSA3 also carries several, albeit variable gene sets that further illuminate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic plasticity of this genus. Specifically, it encodes for a putative proline-glutamate ‘switch’ with a potential role in osmotolerance and indirect impact on carbon and energy flows. Metagenomic fragment recruitment analyses against the composite RSA3 genome, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and SAGs of mesopelagic thaumarchaea also reiterate the divergence of the BSI genotypes from other AOA.
Genetic Evidence of African Slavery at the Beginning of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Authors: Martiniano Rui , Coelho Catarina , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Neves Maria João , Pinhasi Ron , Bradley Daniel G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn archaeological excavation in Valle da Gafaria (Lagos, Portugal), revealed two contiguous burial places outside the medieval city walls, dating from the 15th–17th centuries AD: one was interpreted as a Leprosarium cemetery and the second as an urban discard deposit, where signs of violent, unceremonious burials suggested that these remains may belong to slaves captured in Africa by the Portuguese. We obtained random short autosomal sequence reads from seven individuals: two from the latter site and five from the Leprosarium and used these to call SNP identities and estimate ancestral affinities with modern reference data. The Leprosarium site samples were less preserved but gave some probability of both African and European ancestry. The two discard deposit burials each gave African affinity signals, which were further refined toward modern West African or Bantu genotyped samples. These data from distressed burials illustrate an African contribution to a low status stratum of Lagos society at a time when this port became a hub of the European trade in African slaves which formed a precursor to the transatlantic transfer of millions.
Precise indoor localisation technology based on TR‐FMM
Authors: Chen Guoping , Wang Li 
Published: August 2014

Aiming to precisely locate a small mobile communication terminal in an indoor complex environment, a combination method, the time reversal‐fast marching method (TR‐FMM), is presented. The proposed method has been validated based on simulations in an indoor environment. The results demonstrate that it can build an excellent indoor channel model which is close to the actual environment. Localisation accuracy can be improved about 32.71 times than the regular TR method and the localisation error is 1.84 cm.
Development of EM‐CCD‐based X‐ray detector for synchrotron applications
Authors: Tutt J.H. , Hall D.J. , Soman M.R. , Holland A.D. , Warren A. , Connolley T. , Evagora A.M. 
Published: August 2014

A high speed, low noise camera system for crystallography and X‐ray imaging applications is developed and successfully demonstrated. By coupling an electron‐multiplying (EM)‐CCD to a 3:1 fibre‐optic taper and a CsI(Tl) scintillator, it was possible to detect hard X‐rays. This novel approach to hard X‐ray imaging takes advantage of sub‐electron equivalent readout noise performance at high pixel readout frequencies of EM‐CCD detectors with the increase in the imaging area that is offered through the use of a fibre‐optic taper. Compared with the industry state of the art, based on CCD camera systems, a high frame rate for a full‐frame readout (50 ms) and a lower readout noise (<1 electron root mean square) across a range of X‐ray energies (6–18 keV) were achieved.
Coplanar stripline‐fed compact UWB antenna
Authors: Roshna T.K. , Deepak U. , Sajitha V.R. , Mohanan P. 
Published: August 2014

A novel compact coplanar stripline (CPS)‐fed antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) application is investigated. The proposed antenna consists of a staircase‐shaped radiator together with a shorted strip. The prototype is designed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4, with an overall size of 25 × 7 × 1.6 mm3. The antenna offers a 2:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) bandwidth from 3.1 to 11.4 GHz, with an average gain of 3 dBi and average radiation efficiency of 75% throughout the band. The measured group delay and transmission characteristics show that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for UWB communication systems.
Early, late or very late?
Authors: Tsimpli Ianthi Maria 
Published: August 2014

Research on child bilingualism accounts for differences in the course and the outcomes of monolingual and different types of bilingual language acquisition primarily from two perspectives: age of onset of exposure to the language(s) and the role of the input (Genesee, Paradis, & Crago, 2004;Meisel, 2009;Unsworth et al., 2014). Some findings suggest that early successive bilingual children may pattern similarly to simultaneous bilingual children, passing through different trajectories from child L2 learners due to a later age of onset in the latter group. Studies on bilingual development have also shown that input quantity in bilingual acquisition is considerably reduced, i.e., in each of their two languages, bilingual children are likely exposed to much less input than their monolingual peers (Paradis & Genesee, 1996;Unsworth, 2013b). At the same time, simultaneous bilingual children develop and attain competence in the two languages, sometimes without even an attested age delay compared to monolingual children (Paradis, Genesee & Crago, 2011). The implication is that even half of the input suffices for early language development, at least with respect to ‘core’ aspects of language, in whatever way ‘core’ is defined.My aim in this article is to consider how an additional, linguistic variable interacts with age of onset and input in bilingual development, namely, the timing in L1 development of the phenomena examined in bilingual children’s performance. Specifically, I will consider timing differences attested in the monolingual development of features and structures, distinguishing between early, late or ‘very late’ acquired phenomena. I will then argue that this three-way distinction reflects differences in the role of narrow syntax: early phenomena are core, parametric and narrowly syntactic, in contrast to late and very late phenomena, which involve syntax-external or even language-external resources too. I explore the consequences of these timing differences in monolingual development for bilingual development. I will review some findings from early (V2 in Germanic, grammatical gender in Greek), late (passives) and very late (grammatical gender in Dutch) phenomena in the bilingual literature and argue that early phenomena can differentiate between simultaneous and (early) successive bilingualism with anadvantage for the former group, while the other two reveal similarly (high or low) performance across bilingual groups, differentiating them from monolinguals. The paper proposes that questions about the role of age of onset and language input in early bilingual development can only be meaningfully addressed when the properties and timing of the phenomena under investigation are taken into account.
Lexico-grammatical stance in Spanish news reportage
Authors: Gates Tapia Anna M. , Biber Douglas 
Published: August 2014

The small South American country of Ecuador has recently come to international attention for perceived threats to journalistic freedom: first a major defamation lawsuit againstEl Universo(filed in March 2011) for unfounded criticisms of President Correa, and more recently passage of a highly controversial law of communications in June, 2013. Due to these developments, there is reason to believe that media reportage in Ecuador will currently be highly circumspect in the expression of opinions and evaluations, discourse functions that have been investigated under the umbrella of ‘stance’ in previous linguistic investigations. However, the situation of media language use in Ecuador is further interesting in that there are both government newspapers as well as privately owned newspapers competing on the open market. Presumably these different newspapers will not be affected in the same ways by the legal actions of the last few years.To investigate that possibility, the present study documents the lexico-grammatical expression of stance in a large corpus of Ecuadorian newspaper reportage, comparing and contrasting the expression of stance in two major newspapers:El Telégrafo, controlled by the government, andEl Comercio, a privately owned outlet. The study focuses on two major types of lexico-grammatical features used to express stance:que-complement clauses and adverbials. Although the two newspapers are quite similar in the devices preferred for the expression of stance, the analysis also identifies systematic patterns of difference. Surprisingly, the results show that it is the government-controlled newspaper that consistently expresses stance to a greater extent than the privately-owned paper. These results are interpreted relative to the recent legal events in Ecuador, perhaps indicating increased scrutiny of media reportage in the private sector than in the public sector.
Overexpression of RhoA promotes the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Chen Dong , Liu Guifeng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe pro-oncogenic role of RhoA has been well identified in other cancers, but rarely in cervical cancer (CC), one of the main causes of cancer-related death in women. In the present study, we identified the overexpression of RhoA and its downstream effectors, ROCK-1 and ROCK-II, in CC specimens using western blotting. Then, we determined the effect of RhoA on the proliferation and migration of Hela cells, one of CC cell lines, by upregulating or downregulating the RhoA expression in Hela cells. We found that there was an overexpression of RhoA, ROCK-I/II in CC, which was associated with the progression of CC. And we confirmed that RhoA promoted the proliferation and migration of CC cells. In conclusion, we found a positive correlation among RhoA with the progression of CC by in vivo and in vitro evidences. A high RhoA expression in CC may predict a high metastatic potential of CC.