bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Mesenchymal and α-Cell Phenotypic Markers in Islet β-Cells in Recently Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: White Michael G. , Marshall Helen L. , Rigby Rebecca , Huang Guo Cai , Amer Aimen , Booth Trevor , White Steve , Shaw James A.M. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Relative contributions of reversible β-cell dysfunction and true decrease in β-cell mass in type 2 diabetes remain unclear. Definitive rodent lineage-tracing studies have identified β-cell dedifferentiation and subsequent reprogramming to α-cell fate as a novel mechanism underlying β-cell failure. The aim was to determine whether phenotypes of β-cell dedifferentiation and plasticity are present in human diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Immunofluorescence colocalization studies using classical endocrine and mesenchymal phenotypic markers were undertaken using pancreatic sections and isolated islets from three individuals with diabetes and five nondiabetic control subjects.

RESULTS
Intraislet cytoplasmic coexpression of insulin and vimentin, insulin and glucagon, and vimentin and glucagon were demonstrated in all cases. These phenotypes were not present in nondiabetic control subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Coexpression of mesenchymal and α-cell phenotypic markers in human diabetic islet β-cells has been confirmed, providing circumstantial evidence for β-cell dedifferentiation and possible reprogramming to α-cells in clinical diabetes.
Fitness, Fatness, and Survival in Adults With Prediabetes
Authors: McAuley Paul A. , Artero Enrique G. , Sui Xuemei , Lavie Carl J. , Almeida M. Joao , Blair Steven N. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and different adiposity measures with mortality risk in individuals with prediabetes (or impaired fasting glucose).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined associations of CRF and fatness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 17,044 participants (89% men) with prediabetes (defined as 100 mg/dL ≤ fasting plasma glucose &lt; 126 mg/dL), who did not have a history of diabetes, CVD, or cancer.

RESULTS
We identified 832 deaths (246 from CVD) during 13.9 ± 7.0 years (mean ± SD) follow-up. Normal-weight individuals who were unfit (lowest one-third) had a higher risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.32–2.18]) and CVD (1.88 [1.13–3.10]) mortality compared with the normal-weight and fit (upper two-thirds) reference group in a model adjusted for age, sex, examination year, and multiple risk factors. The mortality risk for fit individuals who were overweight or obese did not differ significantly from the reference group. Similar patterns were observed for sex-specific thirds of waist circumference and % body fat.

CONCLUSIONS
CRF markedly modifies the relationship between adiposity and mortality in persons with prediabetes. Unfit individuals have a higher and fit individuals have a lower mortality risk irrespective of adiposity level in this high-risk group.
Blood Viscosity in Subjects With Normoglycemia and Prediabetes
Authors: Irace Concetta , Carallo Claudio , Scavelli Faustina , De Franceschi Maria Serena , Esposito Teresa , Gnasso Agostino 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Blood viscosity (BV) is higher in diabetic patients and might represent a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data in subjects with normal glucose or prediabetes are missing. In the current study, we evaluated the relationship between BV and blood glucose in subjects with normal glucose or prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Enrolled subjects were divided into three groups according to blood glucose: group A (n = 74), blood glucose &lt;90 mg/dL; group B (n = 96), blood glucose ranging from 90 to 99 mg/dL; and group C (n = 94), blood glucose ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL. BV was measured at 37°C with a cone-plate viscometer at shear rates ranging from 225 to 22.5 s−1.

RESULTS
Blood pressure, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and plasma viscosity were similar in the three groups. BMI and waist circumference were significantly increased in group C. Hematocrit (P &lt; 0.05) and BV (P between 0.01 and 0.001) were significantly higher in groups B and C compared with group A. Blood glucose was significantly and inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol and directly with BMI, waist, hematocrit (r = 0.134), and BV (from 225 s−1 to 22.5 s−1; r ranging from 0.162 to 0.131). BV at shear rate 225 s−1 was independently associated with blood glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study shows a direct relationship between BV and blood glucose in nondiabetic subjects. It also suggests that, even within glucose values ​​considered completely normal, individuals with higher blood glucose levels have increased BV comparable with that observed in subjects with prediabetes.
Reversal of Early Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism in Obese Youth: Results of an Intensive Lifestyle Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Savoye Mary , Caprio Sonia , Dziura James , Camp Anne , Germain Greg , Summers Craig , Li Fangyong , Shaw Melissa , Nowicka Paulina , Kursawe Romy , DePourcq Fredrick , Kim Grace , Tamborlane William V. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
The childhood obesity epidemic has been accompanied by an increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in minority children. Twenty to thirty percent of obese youth have “prediabetes,” a precursor to diabetes marked by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and impaired glucose tolerance. The Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that T2D could be prevented/delayed by intensive lifestyle modification in adults with prediabetes, but efficacy of similar interventions in youth has not been established. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of the Bright Bodies (BB) Healthy Lifestyle Program on 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose in comparison with adolescents receiving standard of care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A parallel-group randomized controlled trial comparing BB with standard clinical care (CC) in obese adolescents (10–16 years old, Tanner stage &gt;2) with elevated OGTT 2-h blood glucose (130–199 mg/dL) from a racially/ethnically diverse population. OGTTs, including cardiovascular and anthropometric assessments, were conducted at baseline and 6 months. Children attended BB twice per week for exercise and nutrition/behavior modification, and the CC group received CC from their pediatrician. Primary outcome was change in 2-h OGTT glucose and percentage conversion from elevated 2-h blood glucose to nonelevated (&lt;130 mg/dL) 2-h blood glucose. Changes in outcomes were compared between groups using an ANCOVA, with adjustment for baseline outcome and multiple imputation for missing data.

RESULTS
Reductions in 2-h glucose were more favorable in BB compared with CC (−27.2 vs. −10.1 mg/dL; difference = −17.1, 95% CI; P = 0.005). Moreover, greater conversion to &lt;130 mg/dL 2-h glucose occurred in BB than CC (P = 0.003), and other insulin sensitivity indices were significantly improved.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with standard of care, the Yale BB Program is a more effective means of reducing the risk of T2D in obese adolescents with elevated 2-h glucose levels.
Effect of a Cooked Meat Meal on Serum Creatinine and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetes-Related Kidney Disease
Authors: Nair Sunil , O’Brien Sarah V. , Hayden Katharine , Pandya Bhavna , Lisboa Paulo J.G. , Hardy Kevin J. , Wilding John P.H. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Fasting is not routinely recommended for renal function tests, despite the known effects of cooked meat on creatinine. We therefore studied variation in creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after a standardized cooked meat meal in 80 subjects: healthy volunteers and diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1 and 2, 3a, 3b, and 4 (n = 16/group).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The interventions were a standardized cooked meat and a nonmeat meal, each providing ∼54 g protein, together with 250 mL water, on separate days. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 1, 2, and 4 h were drawn for creatinine measurement using a kinetic alkaline picrate assay on an Olympus AU640 analyzer. The modified four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation traceable to isotope dilution mass spectrometry creatinine was used to calculate eGFR.

RESULTS
Consumption of a standardized cooked meat meal significantly increased serum creatinine and resulted in significant fall in eGFR in all stages of CKD studied; 6 of 16 CKD 3a patients were misclassified as CKD 3b. This effect of cooked meat on serum creatinine disappears after 12 h of fasting in all study participants.

CONCLUSIONS
Creatine in meat is converted to creatinine on cooking, which is absorbed, causing significant increases in serum creatinine. This could impact management, as threshold for commencing and withdrawing certain medications and expensive investigations is defined by eGFR. eGFR calculated using fasting serum creatinine would be a better reflection of kidney function in these patients.
Extremal orders of some functions connected to regular integers modulo n
Authors: Brăduţ Apostol 
Published: September 2013

Abstract Let V (n) denote the number of positive regular integers (mod n) less than or equal to n. We give extremal orders of , , , , where σ(n), ψ(n) are the sum-of-divisors function and the Dedekind function, respectively. We also give extremal orders for and , where σ*(n) and Φ*(n) represent the sum of the unitary divisors of n and the unitary function corresponding to Φ(n), the Euler's function. Finally, we study some extremal orders of compositions f(g(n)), involving the functions from above.
A viscosity projection method for class T mappings
Authors: Dong Qiao-Li , He Songnian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract In this paper, we firstly introduce a viscosity projection method for the class T mappings xn+1=αnPH(xn, Snxn) f(xn) + (1-αn)Snxn, where Sn = (1 - w)I + wTn, w ∈ (0; 1); Tn ∈ T and prove strong convergence theorems of the proposed method. It is verified that the viscosity projection method converges locally faster than the viscosity method. Furthermore, we present a viscosity projection method for a quasi-nonexpansive and nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. A numerical test provided in the paper shows that the viscosity projection method converges faster than the viscosity method.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the anisotropic Riesz potential in anisotropic modified Morrey spaces
Authors: Dzhabrailov Malik S. , Khaligova Sevinc Z. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract We prove that the anisotropic fractional maximal operator Mα,σ and the anisotropic Riesz potential operator Iα,σ, 0 < α < ∣σ∣ are bounded from the anisotropic modified Morrey space L̃1,b,σ(Rn) to the weak anisotropic modified Morrey space WL̃q,b,σ(Rn) if and only if, α/|σ|≤1-1/q≤α/(|σ|(1-b)) and from L̃p,b,σ(Rn) to L̃q,b,σ(Rn) if and only if, α/|σ| ≤ 1/p-1/q≤α ((1-b) |σ|). In the limiting case we prove that the operator Mα,σ is bounded from L̃p,b,σ(Rn) to L∞ (Rn) and the modified anisotropic Riesz potential operator Ĩα,σ is bounded from L̃p,b,σ(Rn) to BMOσ(Rn).
Existence results for boundary value problems of arbitrary order integrodifferential equations in Banach spaces
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: September 2013

Abstract We study a boundary value problem of fractional integrodifferential equations involving Caputo's derivative of order α ∈ (n-1,n) in a Banach space. Existence and uniqueness results for the problem are established by means of the Hölder's inequality together with some standard fixed point theorems
On the (De)homogenization of Sagbi Bases
Authors: Khan Junaid Alam 
Published: September 2013

Abstract In this paper we study the relation between nonhomogeneous and homogeneous Sagbi bases. As a consequence, we present a general prin- ciple of computing Sagbi bases of a subalgebra and its homogenized subalgebra, which is based on passing over to homogenized generators.
Functional Model of Dissipative Fourth Order Differential Operators
Authors: Tuna Hüseyin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract In this paper, maximal dissipative fourth order operators with equal deficiency indices are investigated. We construct a self adjoint dilation of such operators. We also construct a functional model of the maximal dissipative operator which based on the method of Pavlov and define its characteristic function. We prove theorems on the completeness of the system of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the maximal dissipative fourth order operators.
Which Object Comes Next? Grounded Order Completion by a Humanoid Robot
Authors: Schenck C. , Sinapov J. , Stoytchev A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper describes a framework that a robot can use to complete the ordering of a set of objects. Given two sets of objects, an ordered set and an unordered set, the robot’s task is to select one object from the unordered set that best completes the ordering in the ordered set. In our experiments, the robot interacted with each object using a set of exploratory behaviors, while recording feedback from two sensory modalities (audio and proprioception). For each behavior and modality combination, the robot used the feedback sequence to estimate the perceptual distance for every pair of objects. The estimated object distance features were subsequently used to solve ordering tasks. The framework was tested on object completion tasks in which the objects varied by weight, compliance, and height. The robot was able to solve all of these tasks with a high degree of accuracy.
A Method for Extracting Knowledge from Decision Tables in Terms of Functional Dependencies
Authors: Thi Vu Duc , Giang Nguyen Long 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The problem of extracting knowledge from decision tables in terms of functional dependencies is one of the important problems in knowledge discovery and data mining. Based on some results in relational database, in this paper we propose two algorithms. The first one is to find all reducts of a consistent decision table. The second is to infer functional dependencies from a consistent decision table. The second algorithm is based on the result of the first. We show that the time complexity of the two algorithms proposed is exponential in the number of attributes in the worst case.
Reliability Estimation Based on the Degradation Amount Distribution Using Composite Time Series Analysis and Grey Theory
Authors: Wang, Li , Liu Zaiwen , Jin Xuebo , Shi Yan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper puts forward a reliability estimation method by the Degradation Amount Distribution (DAD) of products, using a composite time series modeling procedure and grey theory based on a random failure threshold. Product DAD data are treated as a composite time series and described using a composite time series model to predict a long-term trend of degradation. The degradation test is processed for a certain electronic product and the degradation data is collected for reliability estimation. Comparison among the reliability evaluation by DAD composite time series analysis and grey theory, based on a constant and a random failure threshold, reliability evaluation by DAD regression analysis based on a random failure threshold, reliability evaluation by degradation path time series analysis, and real reliability of the electronic product is done. The results show that the reliability evaluation of the product using the method proposed is the most creditable of all.
Upper Bound on Correcting Partial Random Errors
Authors: Gaur Ankita , Sharma Bhu Dev 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Since coding has become a basic tool for practically all communication/electronic devices, it is important to carefully study the error patterns that actually occur. This allows correction of only partial errors rather than those which have been studied using Hamming distance, in non-binary cases.
The paper considers a class of distances, SK-distances, in terms of which partial errors can be defined. Examining the sufficient condition for the existence of a parity check matrix for a given number of parity-checks, the paper contains an upper bound on the number of parity check digits for linear codes with property that corrects all partial random errors of an (n, k ) code with minimum SK-distance at least d. The result generalizes the rather widely used Varshamov-Gilbert bound, which follows from it as a particular case.
A Large Block Cipher Involving Key Dependent Permutation, Interlacing and Iteration
Authors: Sastry V. U. K. , Shankar N. Ravi , Bhavani S. Durga 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In this paper we have developed a block cipher, wherein the size of the key matrix is 384 bits and the size of the plain text is as large as we choose. The permutation, the interlacing and the iteration introduced in this analysis are found to cause diffusion and confusion efficiently. Hence, the strength of the cipher proves to be remarkable.
Design of a Diabetic Diagnosis System Using Rough Sets
Authors: S. Margret Anouncia , L. J. Clara Madonna , P. Jeevitha , R. T. Nandhini 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Traditionally the diagnosis of a disease is done by medical experts with experience, clinical data of the patients and adequate knowledge in identifying the disease. Such diagnosis is found to be approximate and time-consuming since it purely depends on the availability and the experience of the medical experts dealing with imprecise and uncertain clinical data of the patients. Hence, to improve decision making with uncertain data and to reduce the time consumption in diagnosing a disease, several simulated diagnosis systems have been developed. Most of these diagnosis systems are designed to possess the clinical data and symptoms associated with a specific disease as knowledge base. The quality of the knowledge base has an impact not only on the consequences, but also on the diagnostic precision. Most of the existing systems have been developed as an expert system that contains all the diagnosis facts as rules. Notably, applying the concept of a fuzzy set has shown better knowledge representation to improve the decision making process. Therefore an attempt is made in this paper to design and develop such diagnosis system, using a rough set. The system developed is evaluated using a simple set of symptoms that is added to clinical data in determining diabetes and its severity.
Efficient computer aided diagnosis of abnormal parts detection in magnetic resonance images using hybrid abnormality detection algorithm
Authors: Lakshmi Devasena C. , Hemalatha M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn Medical Diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) plays a momentous role. MRI is based on the physical and chemical principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), a technique used to gain information about the nature of molecules. Retrieving a high quality MR Image for a medical diagnosis is critical. So denoising of Magnetic Resonance (MR) images and making them easy for human understanding form is a challenge. This research work presents an efficient Hybrid Abnormal Detection Algorithm (HADA) to detect the abnormalities in any part of the human body by MRIs. The proposed technique includes five stages: Noise Reduction, Smoothing, Feature Extraction, Feature Reduction and Classification. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and Classification accuracy of 98.80% has been achieved. The result shows that the proposed technique is robust and effective compared to other recent works. The system developed using the proposed algorithm will be a good computer aided diagnosis and decision making system in healthcare.
Entry Deterrence Through Cooperative R&amp;D Over-Investment
Authors: Christin Clémence 
Published: September 2013

Accords de recherche et développement, sur-investissement et barrières à l’entrée Nous mettons en évidence des conditions sous lesquelles un accord de recherche et développement (R&D) peut augmenter les prix finaux et ainsi être néfaste aux consommateurs, bien qu’il conduise les entreprises membres de l’accord à augmenter leurs efforts de recherche et développement. Nous nous intéressons à un cas dans lequel les entreprises se font concurrence à la fois sur le marché aval et sur le marché amont, où elles achètent toutes le même facteur de production nécessaire pour faire de la R&D. Le secteur est composé d’une frange concurrentielle et de deux entreprises stratégiques, qui prennent leurs décisions avant la frange sur les deux marchés. Quand une entreprise stratégique augmente sa demande pour l’input nécessaire aux activités de recherche et développement, cela augmente le coût de toutes ses concurrentes, et rend ainsi plus difficile l’entrée de nouvelles entreprises dans la frange concurrentielle. Ceci conduit à une baisse de la concurrence sur le marché aval, et augmente le prix final. Par conséquent, un accord de recherche et développement peut permettre aux entreprises membres de l’accord de mettre en place une stratégie de sur-achat de l’input nécessaire aux activités de recherche et développement, aux dépens des entreprises concurrentes et des consommateurs. Classification JEL : L13, L24, L41.
An Economic Impact Analysis of South Texas Landowner Hunting Operation Expenses
Authors: Dodd Erika P. , Bryant Fred C. , Brennan Leonard A. , Gilliland Charles , Dudensing Rebekka , McCorkle Dean 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Hunting is an important source of economic activity for rural South Texas. However, little is known about the economic impacts associated with landowner expenses. Questionnaires were mailed to landowners across the South Texas region to collect expense data related to managing hunting operations. The data included expense information on 248 ranches and encompassed 692,564 hunted hectares. The software IMPLAN was used to calculate the economic impact of these expense data. Total expenditures for the region were an estimated $114.4 million. Landowners who responded to our survey (n  =  200) generated an estimated $166.1 million in economic output. With a direct impact of $108.9 million, the total value added to the South Texas economy was an estimated $75.7 million, which supported 1,635 jobs. Landowner expenditures contribute significantly to the economy of the South Texas region and should be a consideration of those who maintain or create policy that impacts wildlife conservation in the region.