bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discordances in patients’ and physicians’ perspectives on which contextual factors should be accounted for during smoking cessation
Authors: Malmartel Alexandre , Ravaud Philippe , Tran Viet-Thi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Smoking cessation interventions requires attending to the circumstances and needs of individual patients. We aimed at highlighting the discordances between patients’ and physicians’ perspectives on contextual factors that should be considered during smoking cessation.

Methods
We identified 36 contextual factors identified that should be considered during smoking cessation using PubMed and interviewing general practitioners. Physicians recruited through social networks campaigns and smoker or former smoker patients from the ComPaRe cohort selected the factors they considered most relevant in two online paired comparison experiment. Bradley Terry Luce models estimated the ability of each factor (i.e. the probability to be preferred). We calculated the Pearson’s correlation and the intraclass correlation coefficients for the contextual factor from each perspective and compared the ranking of the 10 contextual factors with the highest abilities.

Results
Seven hundred and ninety-three patients’ and 795 physicians’ perspectives estimated the ability (i.e., importance) of the contextual factors in 11 963 paired comparisons. We found a high correlation between physicians’ and patients’ perspectives of the contextual factors to be considered for smoking cessation (r = 0.76, P &lt; 0.0001). However, the agreement between the abilities of contextual factors was poor (ICC = 0.42 [−0.10; 0.75]; P = 0.09). Fine-grain analysis of participants’ answers revealed many discrepancies. For example, 40% factors ranked in the top 10 most important for physicians were not in patients’ top 10 ranking.

Conclusion
Our results highlight the importance of patient-centered care, the need to engage discussions about patients’ values, beyond what is thought to be important, to avoid overlooking their real context.
A comprehensive atlas of pig RNA editome across 23 tissues reveals RNA editing affecting interaction mRNA–miRNAs
Authors: Long Jiajia , Liu Weiwei , Fan Xinhao , Yang Yalan , Yang Xiaogan , Tang Zhonglin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
RNA editing is a co-transcriptional/post-transcriptional modification that is mediated by the ADAR enzyme family. Profiling of RNA editing is very limited in pigs. In this study, we collated 3813 RNA-seq data from the public repositories across 23 tissues and carried out comprehensive profiling of RNA editing in pigs. In total, 127,927 A-to-I RNA-editing sites were detected. Our analysis showed that 98.2% of RNA-editing sites were located within repeat regions, primarily within the pig-specific SINE retrotransposon PRE-1/Pre0_SS elements. Subsequently, we focused on analyzing specific RNA-editing sites (SESs) in skeletal muscle tissues. Functional enrichment analyses suggested that they were enriched in signaling pathways associated with muscle cell differentiation, including DMD, MYOD1, and CAV1 genes. Furthermore, we discovered that RNA editing event in the 3′UTR of CFLAR mRNA influenced miR-708-5p binding in this region. In this study, the panoramic RNA-editing landscape of different tissues of pigs was systematically mapped, and RNA-editing sites and genes involved in muscle cell differentiation were identified. In summary, we identified modifications to pig RNA-editing sites and provided candidate targets for further validation.
Tdh3 and Rom2 are functional modulators of a conserved condensate-resident RNA-binding protein, Scd6, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Togra Chitra , Dhage Riya , Rajyaguru Purusharth I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Arginine–glycine–glycine motif proteins play a crucial role in determining mRNA fate. Suppressor of clathrin deficiency 6 (Scd6) is a conserved arginine–glycine–glycine motif containing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensate–resident, translation repressor, and decapping activator protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identifying protein factors that can modulate Scd6 function is critical to understanding the regulation of mRNA fate by Scd6. In this study, using an approach that combined mRNA tethering assay with flow cytometry, we screened 50 genes for their role in modulating the translation repression activity of Scd6. We identified 8 conserved modulators with human homologs. Of these, we further characterized in detail guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rho1 multicopy suppressor 2 (Rom2) and glycolytic enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase 3 (Tdh3), which, respectively, impede and promote translation repression activity of Scd6. Our study reveals that Rom2 negatively regulates the arginine methylation of Scd6 and antagonizes its localization to P-bodies. Tdh3, on the other hand, promotes Scd6 interaction with Hmt1, thereby promoting the arginine methylation of Scd6 and enhanced eIF4G1 interaction, which is known to promote its repression activity. Identifying these novel modulators provides exciting new insights into the role of a metabolic enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and guanine nucleotide exchange factor implicated in the cell wall integrity pathway in regulating Scd6 function and, thereby, cytoplasmic mRNA fate.
Religiosity and Spirituality Development: An Accelerated Longitudinal Design
Authors: Nelson Niccole A , Joiner Raquael J , Martinez Brandy S , Bergeman Cindy S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The central aim of the present study was to model developmental trends in communal and independent religious practices, spirituality, positive and negative religious/spiritual coping, as well as their confluence, across ages 45–80.

Research Design and Methods
Participants derived from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (NDHWB), a longitudinal study spanning 10 years in an age-heterogeneous sample. Using 2-level multilevel models, we estimated no change, linear change, quadratic change, and cubic change functions across ages 45–80 in each construct. Cohort differences were also tested.

Results
Communal and independent practices, spirituality, negative religious/spiritual coping, as well as composite religiosity/spirituality, followed cubic trajectories across mid- to later life. Communal religious practices peaked twice: once at 45 and again around age 70. Independent practices, in contrast, peaked at age 45 and then declined in a stage-like manner until age 80. Spirituality reached its nadir around age 50 and peaked in the early 70s; the reverse was true for negative religious/spiritual coping. The change trajectory in composite religiosity/spirituality most resembled that of independent religious practices. Finally, positive religious/spiritual coping followed a linear trajectory, but a cohort difference precluded its interpretation as developmental change.

Discussion and Implications
Individuals appear to engage with their faith in different ways as they age, meaning extant conclusions about age-related differences and change in global religiosity/spirituality may be distorted.
A community-based ambulance model: lessons for emergency medical services and everyday health systems resilience from South Africa
Authors: Brady Leanne , Gilson Lucy , George Asha , Vries Shaheem De , Hartley Shakira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of the emergency medical service (EMS) is changing globally as ambulance crews respond to a shifting burden of disease, as well as societal stressors such as violence and inequality. New ways of thinking about how to provide emergency care are required to shift EMS from a role primarily focused on clinical care and transporting patients to hospital. In this paper, we present the experience of the Philippi Project (PP), an innovative community-based model of care developed by front line ambulance crews in a low-income neighbourhood in Cape Town, South Africa. Our insights were developed through observational, interview and document review work, within an overall embedded research approach. Our analysis draws on the everyday health systems resilience (EHSR) framework, which sees resilience as an emergent process that may be stimulated through response to stress and shock. Responses take the form of absorptive, adaptive or transformative strategies and are underpinned by system capacities (cognitive, behavioural and contextual). We consider the PP as a potentially transformative resilience strategy, defined as a new way of working that offered the promise of long-term health system gains. We found that the PP’s initial development was supported by a range of system capacity attributes (such as the intentional development of relationships, a sense of collective purpose and creating spaces for constructive sense-making). However, the PP was hard to sustain over time because emergent ways of working were undermined both by other capacity attributes rooted in pre-existing organizational routines and two contextual shocks (Coronavirus and a violent incident). The paper adds a new empirical contribution to the still-small EHSR literature. In addition, the PP experience offers globally relevant lessons for developing community-based models of EMS care. It demonstrates that front line staff can develop creative solutions to their stressful daily realities, but only if space is created and protected.
Diverse Relationships between Batrachochytrium Infections and Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses Across Leopard Frog Populations
Authors: Le Sage Emily H , Reinert Laura K , Ohmer Michel E B , LaBumbard Brandon C , Altman Karie A , Brannelly Laura A , Latella Ian , McDonnell Nina B , Saenz Veronica , Walsman Jason C , Wilber Mark Q , Woodhams Douglas C , Voyles Jamie , Richards-Zawacki Corinne L , Rollins-Smith Louise A 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a fundamental role in the innate defense against microbial pathogens, as well as other immune and non-immune functions. Their role in amphibian skin defense against the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is exemplified by experiments in which depletion of host’s stored AMPs increases mortality from infection. Yet, the question remains whether there are generalizable patterns of negative or positive correlations between stored AMP defenses and the probability of infection or infection intensity across populations and species. This study aims to expand on prior field studies of AMP quantities and compositions by correlating stored defenses with an estimated risk of Bd exposure (prevalence and mean infection intensity in each survey) in five locations across the United States and a total of three species. In all locations, known AMPs correlated with the ability of recovered secretions to inhibit Bd in vitro. We found that stored AMP defenses were generally unrelated to Bd infection except in one location where the relative intensity of known AMPs was lower in secretions from infected frogs. In all other locations, known AMP relative intensities were higher in infected frogs. Stored peptide quantity was either positively or negatively correlated with Bd exposure risk. Thus, future experiments coupled with organismal modeling can elucidate whether Bd infection affects secretion/synthesis and will provide insight into how to interpret amphibian ecoimmunology studies of AMPs. We also demonstrate that future AMP isolating and sequencing studies can focus efforts by correlating mass spectrometry peaks to inhibitory capacity using linear decomposition modeling.
Erdős Similarity Problem via Bi-Lipschitz Embedding
Authors: Feng De-Jun , Lai Chun-Kit , Xiong Ying 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Erdős similarity conjecture asserted that an infinite set of real numbers cannot be affinely embedded into every measurable set of positive Lebesgue measure. The problem is still open, in particular for all fast decaying sequences. In this paper, we relax the problem to the bi-Lipschitz embedding and obtain some sharp criteria about the bi-Lipschitz Erdős similarity problem for strictly decreasing sequences.
Shared decision-making and disease management in advanced cancer and chronic kidney disease using patient-reported outcome dashboards
Authors: Cella David , Kuharic Maja , Peipert John Devin , Bedjeti Katy , Garcia Sofia F , Yanez Betina , Hirschhorn Lisa R , Coughlin Ava , Morken Victoria , O'Connor Mary , Linder Jeffrey A , Jordan Neil , Ackermann Ronald T , Amagai Saki , Kircher Sheetal , Mohindra Nisha , Aggarwal Vikram , Weitzel Melissa , Nelson Eugene C , Elwyn Glyn , Van Citters Aricca D , Barnard Cynthia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the use of a co-designed patient-reported outcome (PRO) clinical dashboard and estimate its impact on shared decision-making (SDM) and symptomatology in adults with advanced cancer or chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Materials and Methods
We developed a clinical PRO dashboard within the Northwestern Medicine Patient-Reported Outcomes system, enhanced through co-design involving 20 diverse constituents. Using a single-group, pretest-posttest design, we evaluated the dashboard's use among patients with advanced cancer or CKD between June 2020 and January 2022. Eligible patients had a visit with a participating clinician, completed at least two dashboard-eligible visits, and consented to follow-up surveys. PROs were collected 72 h prior to visits, including measures for chronic condition management self-efficacy, health-related quality of life (PROMIS measures), and SDM (collaboRATE). Responses were integrated into the EHR dashboard and accessible to clinicians and patients.

Results
We recruited 157 participants: 66 with advanced cancer and 91 with CKD. There were significant improvements in SDM from baseline, as assessed by collaboRATE scores. The proportion of participants reporting the highest level of SDM on every collaboRATE item increased by 15 percentage points from baseline to 3 months, and 17 points between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Additionally, there was a clinically meaningful decrease in anxiety levels over study period (T-score baseline: 53; 3-month: 52; 6-month: 50; P &lt; .001), with a standardized response mean (SRM) of −0.38 at 6 months.

Discussion
PRO clinical dashboards, developed and shared with patients, may enhance SDM and reduce anxiety among patients with advanced cancer and CKD.
Sounding out solutions: using SONAR to connect participants with relevant healthcare resources
Authors: McGruder Carla , Tangney Kelly , Erwin Deanna , Plewa Jake , Onyeneho Karyn , Moore Rhonda , Wise Anastasia , Topper Scott , Zhou Alicia Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This article outlines a scalable system developed by the All of Us Research Program's Genetic Counseling Resource to vet a large database of healthcare resources for supporting participants with health-related DNA results.

Materials and Methods
After a literature review of established evaluation frameworks for health resources, we created SONAR, a 10-item framework and grading scale for health-related participant-facing resources. SONAR was used to review clinical resources that could be shared with participants during genetic counseling.

Results
Application of SONAR shortened resource approval time from 7 days to 1 day. About 256 resources were approved and 8 rejected through SONAR review. Most approved resources were relevant to participants nationwide (60.0%). The most common resource types were related to support groups (20%), cancer care (30.6%), and general educational resources (12.4%). All of Us genetic counselors provided 1161 approved resources during 3005 (38.6%) consults, mainly to local genetic counselors (29.9%), support groups (21.9%), and educational resources (21.0%).

Discussion
SONAR’s systematic method simplifies resource vetting for healthcare providers, easing the burden of identifying and evaluating credible resources. Compiling these resources into a user-friendly database allows providers to share these resources efficiently, better equipping participants to complete follow up actions from health-related DNA results.

Conclusion
The All of Us Genetic Counseling Resource connects participants receiving health-related DNA results with relevant follow-up resources on a high-volume, national level. This has been made possible by the creation of a novel resource database and validation system.
Glimpses of Haiti in West Africa, 1890–1920
Authors: Janzen Philip 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent scholarship has traced the impacts of the Haitian Revolution around the Atlantic world, yet there has been almost no scholarly attention to the legacies of the Haitian Revolution in Africa. This article examines circulations of the history of the Haitian Revolution in the newspapers of Sierra Leone and Nigeria between 1890 and 1920. Influenced heavily by the narrative and poetic styles of the nineteenth century, West African intellectuals usually adhered to a Romantic emplotment of the revolution. They also drew on this history to inform their own nationalist and Pan-Africanist politics. I argue that the particular form of the newspaper allowed West African intellectuals to weave together a unique range of materials as they crafted their narratives. By combining their political ideas with works by prominent nineteenth-century writers, they reframed their pasts and imagined their futures anew.
Efficient use of penile Doppler ultrasound for investigating men with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Flores Jose M , West Michael , Mulhall John P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction is the most common type of erectile dysfunction, and penile Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) is a useful tool to assess erectile hemodynamics in the clinician’s effort to discuss prognosis and management strategies with the patient.

Aim
We herein describe the PDUS protocol used at our center, including indications, technique, and data interpretation.

Methods
We describe our institutional experience with PDUS and discuss it in the context of a contemporary review of the literature for this investigation.

Outcome
Our institutional PDUS protocol.

Results
To perform PDUS properly, adequate training, equipment, setting, technique, and interpretation are critical. The accuracy of PDUS is entirely predicated on achieving complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation. A redosing protocol optimizes the reliability and reproducibility of the hemodynamic data acquired during PDUS. A rigidity-based assessment is performed, and patients are scanned according to the erection rigidity achieved (full hardness) or by administration of maximum dose of the vasoactive agent. Peak systolic velocity is considered a measure of arterial inflow (normal, &gt;30 cm/s), while end diastolic velocity evaluates the veno-occlusive mechanism (normal, &lt;5 cm/s). After the procedure, the patient is evaluated to confirm detumescence. If the patient has a persistent penetration rigidity erection, intracavernosal phenylephrine is administered; however, if detumescence is not achieved with intracavernosal phenylephrine injections alone, corporal aspiration is potentially performed.

Conclusion
PDUS is a valuable minimally invasive tool for erectile hemodynamics assessment and an accurate assessment of such, provided that complete cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation is achieved.
Effect of Continuous Infusion Therapy With Low-dose Terlipressin Combined With Norepinephrine on Hemodynamics, Inflammatory Markers, and Prognosis in Patients With Severe Septic Shock
Authors: Li Wenlong , Deng Jiaqian 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
The present study investigated the impact of continuous infusion therapy with low-dose terlipressin (TP) combined with norepinephrine on hemodynamics, inflammatory markers, and prognosis in patients with severe septic shock.

Materials and Methods
Seventy-four patients with severe septic shock were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 37) or an observation group (n = 37). Patients in the control group received norepinephrine alone, while those in the observation group received a continuous infusion of low-dose TP in addition to norepinephrine. To assess the effect of treatment, a set of clinical parameters was evaluated in both groups before and after treatment. These parameters included hemodynamic indicators (heart rate [HR], mean arterial pressure [MAP], central venous pressure [CVP], cardiac index [CI], and systemic vascular resistance index [SVRI]), levels of serum inflammatory markers (interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), renal function indicators (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine [SCr], and cystatin C [Cys-C]), serum procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate, as well as lactate clearance rate (LCR). Additionally, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, 28-day mortality rate, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) incidence rate, and adverse reaction incidence were also determined.

Results
Compared to baseline values, MAP, CVP, CI, SVRI, and LCR increased in both groups after treatment, while HR, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, hs-CRP, BUN, SCr, PCT, and lactate all decreased. Additionally, APACHE II scores also decreased. Furthermore, the observation group exhibited higher MAP, CVP, CI, SVRI, and LCR, along with lower HR, levels of IL-8, TNF-α, hs-CRP, BUN, SCr, PCT, and lactate than the control group after treatment. The observation group also had lower APACHE II score, 28-day mortality rate, MODS incidence rate, and adverse reaction incidence than the control group after treatment (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Continuous infusion therapy with low-dose TP combined with norepinephrine was effective in treating patients with severe septic shock, improving hemodynamic parameters, reducing the levels of inflammatory markers, promoting renal function recovery, and reducing the mortality rate.
Visual imagery vividness correlates with afterimage conscious perception
Authors: Kronemer Sharif I , Holness Micah , Morgan A Tyler , Teves Joshua B , Gonzalez-Castillo Javier , Handwerker Daniel A , Bandettini Peter A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Afterimages are illusory, visual conscious perceptions. A widely accepted theory is that afterimages are caused by retinal signaling that continues after the physical disappearance of a light stimulus. However, afterimages have been reported without preceding visual, sensory stimulation (e.g. conditioned afterimages and afterimages induced by illusory vision). These observations suggest the role of top-down brain mechanisms in afterimage conscious perception. Therefore, some afterimages may share perceptual features with sensory-independent conscious perceptions (e.g. imagery, hallucinations, and dreams) that occur without bottom-up sensory input. In the current investigation, we tested for a link between the vividness of visual imagery and afterimage conscious perception. Participants reported their vividness of visual imagery and perceived sharpness, contrast, and duration of negative afterimages. The afterimage perceptual features were acquired using perception matching paradigms that were validated on image stimuli. Relating these perceptual reports revealed that the vividness of visual imagery positively correlated with afterimage contrast and sharpness. These behavioral results support shared neural mechanisms between visual imagery and afterimages. However, we cannot exclude alternative explanations, including demand characteristics and afterimage perception reporting inaccuracy. This study encourages future research combining neurophysiology recording methods and afterimage paradigms to directly examine the neural mechanisms of afterimage conscious perception.