bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education for What?
Authors: McMaster J. 
Published: November 2015

Let me first explain my situation. All the people in Duchess are involved in some way or another with the Queensland Railways. Duchess is a railway town, supported by the Queensland Railways and existing only because of them. The majority of settlers are Islanders, with a few Aboriginals. These people live harmoniously side by side. All the fathers have jobs. The children thus have the necessary monetary backing to encourage development. These people are not poor, though their conditions may indicate otherwise. All the children are clothed reasonably well, and fed reasonably well. Most of the children are scrupulously clean.It is wise to keep in mind the fact that regardless of what my successes and failures are, each one of us has a special situation, which differs vastly from everyone else’s. It is therefore necessary for us to be continually trying, adapting, and changing, in order to achieve any measure of success.In the small school, the teacher is faced with a number of problems which perhaps appear unique or magnified by virtue of the fact that he is on his own. Multiple grades, voluminous workloads multiple cultures, remoteness and lack of finance are amongst the greatest problems facing me personally, and no doubt many of you at present. But the small school also offers unique opportunities to teachers to experiment and implement new ideas and methods. The relative freedom of working alone offers unlimited scope for development in every field. Numbers are fewer, and parental contact is more practical and rewarding. In every field our freedom to work is limited only by our capacity. I believe that the small schools are more effective amongst these people, simply by virtue of the fact that contact and discussions with both parents and children are more intimate, and therefore more successful. Of course, initially they are shy, but eventually we can reach them, and once their confidence is gained, they will make every attempt to help us. This is a big advantage to have, and very necessary if any program is to achieve success.
Community Involvement in Aboriginal Schools
Authors: McClay D.J. , Bucknall J.R. 
Published: November 2015

The following paper is based on experiences gained in schools in North East Arnhem Land. While it is likely that the situations as described are applicable to other areas, the authors do not claim that there will always be direct comparisons. Too often the wider Australian community regards Aboriginals as one people with one set of common needs whereas even limited experience soon reveals a great diversity amongst these people in terms of language, customs and environment and consequently a great diversity of needs and necessary solutions.In schools throughout Australia the desirability of and need for community involvement become more apparent every day. To quote the Karmel report Schools in Australia,“After almost one hundred years of public schooling a reappraisal of the relationship of the school to the wider society is taking place in Australia, as it is in most industrialized nations. The isolation of schools is being questioned as is also the idea that education should be confined to formal institutions and concentrated heavily upon those who have not yet entered employment.”We have now reached the stage where the desirability of community involvement in education can be taken by most as a self evident truth and we can look”back in wonder at the times when such an idea was radical or not even considered.In Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory the opportunities for involving the community in the school are probably greater than in the wider Australian society. For example, the families are easy to contact, they are generally open to suggestion and they do not have preconceived notions as to the “proper” way in which a school should be run. However, too often we have taken community involvement to mean the fund raising activities of Parents’ Committees and left the real problems of initiating genuine involvement well alone. (The activities of the School Council at Hermannsburg are a notable exception; there may be others).
A Comparative Study of the Self-Concepts of Urban and Rural Reserve-Dwelling Aboriginal Children and Non-Aboriginal Urban Children
Authors: Finch N.G. 
Published: November 2015

Do Aboriginal children feel competent and confident in the school setting? Where do these feelings, positive or negative, originate?Do teachers believe these children are competent and worthy? Does it matter what the teachers think?Does a child’s concept of himself influence his success in the school setting?Can schools help Aboriginal children feel more positively about themselves?The following research report is not directly addressed to all of the above questions, but is an interesting study which compares the self-concepts of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.
The Significance of a Home/Preschool Liaison Teacher in a Community Preschool
Authors: Howlett Eric D. 
Published: November 2015

The Carpentaria Kindergarten is the Community Preschool Centre at Normanton, in north-west Queensland. It was established in 1970 under the auspices of the Anglican Church with financial assistance from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Canberra. Of the fifty children enrolled approximately 80% are of Aboriginal descent. All children in the town are encouraged to attend after their third birthday. The younger children attend three afternoons a week, while the older children attend five morning sessions a week. In most cases children have two years of preschool education before they enter the primary school.The preschool is an instrument of integration in this community which has a 50% Aboriginal population. It is recognized that the principle of community integration is based on the movement of different types within a community together, with each group making a real contribution. Consequently the Aboriginal people must not disappear in a process of absorption, but move into the total community with a definite identity. The preschool plays a very real and definite support role in this process of integration in the following ways:
An Inquiry Study about Australian Aboriginals
Authors: Simpson M. 
Published: November 2015

In the following article, Miss Simpson outlines an inquiry study about Aboriginal Australians that she developed and followed with her sixth grade pupils.Readers of the Journal who teach classes composed of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children may well decide to try out Miss Simpson’s approach.Those readers who teach in schools with a predominantly Aboriginal enrolment might like to reverse the emphasis and mount an inquiry study about non-Aboriginal Australians.
MITF and c-Jun antagonism interconnects melanoma dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and myeloid cell recruitment
Authors: Riesenberg Stefanie , Groetchen Angela , Siddaway Robert , Bald Tobias , Reinhardt Julia , Smorra Denise , Kohlmeyer Judith , Renn Marcel , Phung Bengt , Aymans Pia , Schmidt Tobias , Hornung Veit , Davidson Irwin , Goding Colin R. , Jönsson Göran , Landsberg Jennifer , Tüting Thomas , Hölzel Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInflammation promotes phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, a source of non-genetic heterogeneity, but the molecular framework is poorly understood. Here we use functional genomic approaches and identify a reciprocal antagonism between the melanocyte lineage transcription factor MITF and c-Jun, which interconnects inflammation-induced dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness of melanoma cells favouring myeloid cell recruitment. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α instigate gradual suppression of MITF expression through c-Jun. MITF itself binds to the c-Jun regulatory genomic region and its reduction increases c-Jun expression that in turn amplifies TNF-stimulated cytokine expression with further MITF suppression. This feed-forward mechanism turns poor peak-like transcriptional responses to TNF-α into progressive and persistent cytokine and chemokine induction. Consistently, inflammatory MITFlow/c-Junhigh syngeneic mouse melanomas recruit myeloid immune cells into the tumour microenvironment as recapitulated by their human counterparts. Our study suggests myeloid cell-directed therapies may be useful for MITFlow/c-Junhigh melanomas to counteract their growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions.
Assembling an alkyl rotor to access abrupt and reversible crystalline deformation of a cobalt(II) complex
Authors: Su Sheng-Qun , Kamachi Takashi , Yao Zi-Shuo , Huang You-Gui , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Azuma Nobuaki , Miyazaki Yuji , Nakano Motohiro , Maruta Goro , Takeda Sadamu , Kang Soonchul , Kanegawa Shinji , Sato Osamu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHarnessing molecular motion to reversibly control macroscopic properties, such as shape and size, is a fascinating and challenging subject in materials science. Here we design a crystalline cobalt(II) complex with an n-butyl group on its ligands, which exhibits a reversible crystal deformation at a structural phase transition temperature. In the low-temperature phase, the molecular motion of the n-butyl group freezes. On heating, the n-butyl group rotates ca. 100° around the C–C bond resulting in 6–7% expansion of the crystal size along the molecular packing direction. Importantly, crystal deformation is repeatedly observed without breaking the single-crystal state even though the shape change is considerable. Detailed structural analysis allows us to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this deformation. This work may mark a step towards converting the alkyl rotation to the macroscopic deformation in crystalline solids.
Graphene wrinkling induced by monodisperse nanoparticles: facile control and quantification
Authors: Vejpravova Jana , Pacakova Barbara , Endres Jan , Mantlikova Alice , Verhagen Tim , Vales Vaclav , Frank Otakar , Kalbac Martin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractControlled wrinkling of single-layer graphene (1-LG) at nanometer scale was achieved by introducing monodisperse nanoparticles (NPs), with size comparable to the strain coherence length, underneath the 1-LG. Typical fingerprint of the delaminated fraction is identified as substantial contribution to the principal Raman modes of the 1-LG (G and G’). Correlation analysis of the Raman shift of the G and G’ modes clearly resolved the 1-LG in contact and delaminated from the substrate, respectively. Intensity of Raman features of the delaminated 1-LG increases linearly with the amount of the wrinkles, as determined by advanced processing of atomic force microscopy data. Our study thus offers universal approach for both fine tuning and facile quantification of the graphene topography up to ~60% of wrinkling.
Differential regulation of receptivity in two uterine horns of a recipient mouse following asynchronous embryo transfer
Authors: Li Shi-Jie , Wang Tong-Song , Qin Fu-Niu , Huang Zhu , Liang Xiao-Huan , Gao Fei , Song Zhuo , Yang Zeng-Ming 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReceptivity is a limited time in which uterine endometrium can establish a successful dialogue with blastocyst. This study was to investigate the effect of asynchronous embryo transfer on uterine receptivity in mice. Embryos under different stages were transferred into two oviduct sides of a recipient mouse on day 1 of pseudopregnancy. Our results showed the asynchronously transferred embryos can implant in all groups. Compared to zygote-transfer group, the length of implanted embryos is longer in 8-cell embryo- or blastocyst-transfer group. The levels of Snail and COX-2 immunostaining in blastocyst-transfer group are significantly stronger than that in zygote-transfer group. Embryos in blastocyst-transfer group migrate faster than that in zygote-transfer group within uterus. Blastocysts are in a state of developmental delay after they are transferred into oviducts and they are reactivated and implanted rapidly in uterus. The developmental rate to newborn in zygote-transfer group is obviously higher than that in blastocyst-transfer group, suggesting that a delay in embryo development and implantation will lead to a decrease of litter size. These results indicated that the window of implantation is differentially regulated in two uterine horns of a recipient by embryos at different stages.
Strong Optomechanical Coupling in Nanobeam Cavities based on Hetero Optomechanical Crystals
Authors: Huang Zhilei , Cui Kaiyu , Li Yongzhuo , Feng Xue , Liu Fang , Zhang Wei , Huang Yidong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNanobeam cavities based on hetero optomechanical crystals are proposed. With optical and mechanical modes separately confined by two types of periodic structures, the mechanical frequency is designed as high as 5.88 GHz. Due to the optical field and the strain field concentrated in the optomechanical cavity and resembling each other with an enhanced overlap, a high optomechanical coupling rate of 1.31 MHz is predicted.
Different neural circuitry is involved in physiological and psychological stress-induced PTSD-like “nightmares” in rats
Authors: Yu Bin , Cui Su-Ying , Zhang Xue-Qiong , Cui Xiang-Yu , Li Sheng-Jie , Sheng Zhao-Fu , Cao Qing , Huang Yuan-Li , Xu Ya-Ping , Lin Zhi-Ge , Yang Guang , Song Jin-Zhi , Ding Hui , Zhang Yong-He 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPosttraumatic nightmares are a core component of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mechanistically linked to the development and maintenance of this disorder, but little is known about their mechanism. We utilized a communication box to establish an animal model of physiological stress (foot-shock [FS]) and psychological stress (PS) to mimic the direct suffering and witnessing of traumatic events. Twenty-one days after traumatic stress, some of the experimental animals presented startled awakening (i.e., were startled awake by a supposed “nightmare”) with different electroencephalographic spectra features. Our neuroanatomical results showed that the secondary somatosensory cortex and primary auditory cortex may play an important role in remote traumatic memory retrieval in FS “nightmare” (FSN) rats, whereas the temporal association cortex may play an important role in PS “nightmare” (PSN) rats. The FSN and PSN groups possessed common emotion evocation circuits, including activation of the amygdala and inactivation of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and ventral anterior cingulate cortex. The decreased activity of the granular and dysgranular insular cortex was only observed in PSN rats. The present results imply that different types of stress may cause PTSD-like “nightmares” in rodents and identified the possible neurocircuitry of memory retrieval and emotion evocation.
Electrical Double Layer Capacitance in a Graphene-embedded Al2O3 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Ki Min Bok , Kim Seong K. , Jun Kim Seong , Ho Kim Sung , Kang Min-A , Park Chong-Yun , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lim Jongsun , An Ki-Seok 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGraphene heterostructures are of considerable interest as a new class of electronic devices with exceptional performance in a broad range of applications has been realized. Here, we propose a graphene-embedded Al2O3 gate dielectric with a relatively high dielectric constant of 15.5, which is about 2 times that of Al2O3, having a low leakage current with insertion of tri-layer graphene. In this system, the enhanced capacitance of the hybrid structure can be understood by the formation of a space charge layer at the graphene/Al2O3 interface. The electrical properties of the interface can be further explained by the electrical double layer (EDL) model dominated by the diffuse layer.
Smart protein biogate as a mediator to regulate competitive host-guest interaction for sensitive ratiometric electrochemical assay of prion
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhou Jiawan , Xiong Erhu , Li Xiaoyu , Chen Jinhua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA novel competitive host-guest strategy regulated by protein biogate was developed for sensitive and selective analysis of prion protein. The methylene blue (MB)-tagged prion aptamer (MB-Apt) was introduced to the multiwalled carbon nanotubes-β-cyclodextrins (MWCNTs-β-CD) composites-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode through the host-guest interaction between β-CD and MB. In the absence of prion, MB-Apt could be displaced by ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) due to its stronger binding affinity to β-CD, resulting in a large oxidation peak of FCA. However, in the presence of prion, the specific prion-aptamer interaction drove the formation of protein biogate to seal the cavity of β-CD, which hindered the guest displacement of MB by FCA and resulted in the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) increased and that of FCA (IFCA) decreased. The developed aptasensor showed good response towards the target (prion protein) with a low detection limit of 160 fM. By changing the specific aptamers, this strategy could be easily extended to detect other proteins, showing promising potential for extensive applications in bioanalysis.
One-dimensional sawtooth and zigzag lattices for ultracold atoms
Authors: Zhang Ting , Jo Gyu-Boong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe describe tunable optical sawtooth and zigzag lattices for ultracold atoms. Making use of the superlattice generated by commensurate wavelengths of light beams, tunable geometries including zigzag and sawtooth configurations can be realised. We provide an experimentally feasible method to fully control inter- (t) and intra- (t′) unit-cell tunnelling in zigzag and sawtooth lattices. We analyse the conversion of the lattice geometry from zigzag to sawtooth and show that a nearly flat band is attainable in the sawtooth configuration by means of tuning the lattice parameters. The bandwidth of the first excited band can be reduced up to 2% of the ground bandwidth for a wide range of lattice setting. A nearly flat band available in a tunable sawtooth lattice would offer a versatile platform for the study of interaction-driven quantum many-body states with ultracold atoms.
Stroma-associated master regulators of molecular subtypes predict patient prognosis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Shengzhe , Jing Ying , Zhang Meiying , Zhang Zhenfeng , Ma Pengfei , Peng Huixin , Shi Kaixuan , Gao Wei-Qiang , Zhuang Guanglei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) has the lowest survival rate among all gynecologic cancers and is hallmarked by a high degree of heterogeneity. The Cancer Genome Atlas network has described a gene expression-based molecular classification of HGS-OvCa into Differentiated, Mesenchymal, Immunoreactive and Proliferative subtypes. However, the biological underpinnings and regulatory mechanisms underlying the distinct molecular subtypes are largely unknown. Here we showed that tumor-infiltrating stromal cells significantly contributed to the assignments of Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive clusters. Using reverse engineering and an unbiased interrogation of subtype regulatory networks, we identified the transcriptional modules containing master regulators that drive gene expression of Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive HGS-OvCa. Mesenchymal master regulators were associated with poor prognosis, while Immunoreactive master regulators positively correlated with overall survival. Meta-analysis of 749 HGS-OvCa expression profiles confirmed that master regulators as a prognostic signature were able to predict patient outcome. Our data unraveled master regulatory programs of HGS-OvCa subtypes with prognostic and potentially therapeutic relevance and suggested that the unique transcriptional and clinical characteristics of ovarian Mesenchymal and Immunoreactive subtypes could be, at least partially, ascribed to tumor microenvironment.
Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Niu Zheyu , Wang Mengyi , Zhou Li , Yao Lutian , Liao Quan , Zhao Yupei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGlucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a member of the heat-shock protein 70 family. We evaluated the expression of GRP78 using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues from 180 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The associations between the expression levels of GRP78, clinicopathological factors and overall survival were evaluated. The results showed that the expression of GRP78 was significantly higher in PDAC cells than in normal pancreatic duct cells within adjacent nontumor tissues (p < 0.05). The increased expression of GRP78 in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with a higher T-stage (p < 0.05) and a shorter overall survival (OS, p < 0.05). In an in vitro study, the regulation of GRP78 in the PDAC cell lines affected the proliferation, migration and invasion of PDAC cells through the regulation of CyclinD1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4, CDK6, phospho-signal transducer, activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), janus kinase 2 (JAK2), ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) and sterile alpha motif domain containing protein 4 (Smad4). The present data suggest that GRP78 plays a crucial role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and may be a suitable prognostic marker in PDAC.
On-chip optical mode exchange using tapered directional coupler
Authors: Zhang Zhonglai , Hu Xiao , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present an on-chip optical mode exchange between two multiplexed modes by using tapered directional couplers on silicon-on-insulator platform. The device consisting of mode multiplexing and mode exchange is compact with relatively large fabrication error tolerance. The simulation results show efficient higher order mode excitation and mode exchange. A low excess loss less than 0.5 dB and high extinction ratio larger than 15 dB over 10 nm wavelength range from 1535 to 1545 nm are achieved.
Physiological Function of Rac Prophage During Biofilm Formation and Regulation of Rac Excision in Escherichia coli K-12
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Li Yangmei , Guo Yunxue , Zeng Zhenshun , Li Baiyuan , Wood Thomas K. , Cai Xingsheng , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRac or rac-like prophage harbors many genes with important physiological functions, while it remains excision-proficient in several bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Here, we found that rac excision is induced during biofilm formation and the isogenic stain without rac is more motile and forms more biofilms in nutrient-rich medium at early stages in E. coli K-12. Additionally, the presence of rac genes increases cell lysis during biofilm development. In most E. coli strains, rac is integrated into the ttcA gene which encodes a tRNA-thioltransferase. Rac excision in E. coli K-12 leads to a functional change of TtcA, which results in reduced fitness in the presence of carbenicillin. Additionally, we demonstrate that YdaQ (renamed as XisR) is the excisionase of rac in E. coli K-12 and that rac excision is induced by the stationary sigma factor RpoS through inducing xisR expression. Taken together, our results reveal that upon rac integration, not only are new genes introduced into the host, but also there is a functional change in a host enzyme. Hence, rac excision is tightly regulated by host factors to control its stability in the host genome under different stress conditions.