bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling hepatitis A epidemiological profiles and estimating the pediatric vaccination threshold in the Russian Federation
Authors: Taratorkin Fedor F. , Karlsen Anastasia A. , Kyuregyan Karen K. , Lopatukhina Maria A. , Khankishiyev Farhad , Manuylov Victor A. , Akimkin Vasiliy G. , Mikhailov Mikhail I. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundTo combat the hesitancy towards implementing a hepatitis A universal mass vaccination (UMV) strategy and to provide healthcare authorities with a comprehensive analysis of the potential outcomes and benefits of the implementation of such a vaccination program, we projected HAV seroprevalence and incidence rates in the total population of the Russian Federation and estimated the pediatric vaccination threshold required to achieve an incidence level of less than 1 case per 100,000 using a new mathematical model.MethodsA dynamic age-structured SEIRV (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated) compartmental model was developed and calibrated using demographic, seroprevalence, vaccination, and epidemiological data from different regions of the Russian Federation. This model was used to project various epidemiological measures.ResultsThe projected national average age at the midpoint of population immunity increases from 40 years old in 2020 to 50 years old in 2036 and is shifted even further to the age of 70 years in some regions of the country. An increase of varying magnitude in the incidence of symptomatic HAV infections is predicted for all study regions and for the Russian Federation as a whole between 2028 and 2032, if the HAV vaccination coverage level remains at the level of 2022. The national average vaccination coverage level required to achieve a symptomatic HAV incidence rate below 1 case per 100,000 by 2032 was calculated to be 69.8% if children aged 1–6 years are vaccinated following the implementation of a UMV program or 34.8% if immunization is expanded to children aged 1–17 years.ConclusionThe developed model provides insights into a further decline of herd immunity to HAV against the background of ongoing viral transmission. The current favorable situation regarding hepatitis A morbidity is projected to be replaced by an increase in incidence rates if vaccination coverage remains at the current levels. The obtained results support the introduction of a hepatitis A UMV strategy in the Russian Federation.
Statistical machine learning models for prediction of China’s maritime emergency patients in dynamic: ARIMA model, SARIMA model, and dynamic Bayesian network model
Authors: Yang Pengyu , Cheng Pengfei , Zhang Na , Luo Ding , Xu Baichao , Zhang Hua 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionRescuing individuals at sea is a pressing global public health issue, garnering substantial attention from emergency medicine researchers with a focus on improving prevention and control strategies. This study aims to develop a Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) model utilizing maritime emergency incident data and compare its forecasting accuracy to Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models.MethodsIn this research, we analyzed the count of cases managed by five hospitals in Hainan Province from January 2016 to December 2020 in the context of maritime emergency care. We employed diverse approaches to construct and calibrate ARIMA, SARIMA, and DBN models. These models were subsequently utilized to forecast the number of emergency responders from January 2021 to December 2021. The study indicated that the ARIMA, SARIMA, and DBN models effectively modeled and forecasted Maritime Emergency Medical Service (EMS) patient data, accounting for seasonal variations. The predictive accuracy was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determination (R2) as performance metrics.ResultsIn this study, the ARIMA, SARIMA, and DBN models reported RMSE of 5.75, 4.43, and 5.45; MAE of 4.13, 2.81, and 3.85; and R2 values of 0.21, 0.54, and 0.44, respectively. MAE and RMSE assess the level of difference between the actual and predicted values. A smaller value indicates a more accurate model prediction. R2 can compare the performance of models across different aspects, with a range of values from 0 to 1. A value closer to 1 signifies better model quality. As errors increase, R2 moves further from the maximum value. The SARIMA model outperformed the others, demonstrating the lowest RMSE and MAE, alongside the highest R2, during both modeling and forecasting. Analysis of predicted values and fitting plots reveals that, in most instances, SARIMA’s predictions closely align with the actual number of rescues. Thus, SARIMA is superior in both fitting and forecasting, followed by the DBN model, with ARIMA showing the least accurate predictions.DiscussionWhile the DBN model adeptly captures variable correlations, the SARIMA model excels in forecasting maritime emergency cases. By comparing these models, we glean valuable insights into maritime emergency trends, facilitating the development of effective prevention and control strategies.
Family and job microsystems as mediators between social integration and depression among rural-to-urban migrant workers in China: does having sons make a difference?
Authors: Shen Guanghui , Tang Jiayi , Fang Juan , Huang Jiahui , Zheng Yawen , Wu Liujun , Yang Xudong , Chen Yu-Hsin , Chen Li 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundRural-to-urban migrant workers are a vulnerable group at risk of developing depression. Based on the social-ecological systems theory, this study investigates the impact of the lack of social integration on depression, considering the mediating roles of migrant workers’ microsystems (family happiness and job burnout). Additionally, the study explores whether having sons influences these associations.MethodsThe sample of 4,618 rural-to-urban migrant workers was obtained from the 2018 wave of the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS). All the measures in the survey exhibited good reliability, including the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale (CES-D), family happiness, job burnout, and social integration. The data were primarily analyzed using a structural equation model.ResultsSocial integration had a direct impact on depression among migrant workers. Additionally, it indirectly affected depression through the mediating roles of family happiness not job burnout. The moderating effect of having sons mainly occurred on the path from social integration to family happiness.LimitationsThe cross-sectional design impeded the ability to draw causal inferences.ConclusionThis finding highlights the potential benefits of social integration and family happiness in promoting early prevention of depression among migrant workers. It indicates that the inclination toward having sons among migrant workers continues to impact their mental health.
Self-reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms and associated factors among water carrying women in Legambo district, Northeastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study design
Authors: Berihun Gete , Gasheya Kassahun Ayele , Abebaw Tadiwos , Abebe Masresha , Gizeyiatu Adinew , Berhanu Leykun , Dagne Mengesha , Desye Belay , Walle Zebader , Zewdu Leul , Wondim Mebrat Gedfie 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionMusculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of illness, disability, and poor quality of life. Lack of access to potable water in the backyard forces women to take water from off-plot sources every day, which may expose them to various health risks. However, there has been little investigation on the musculoskeletal disorders’ health effects on water-carrying women.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess musculoskeletal disorders symptoms and associated factors among water-carrying women in the Legambo district, Northeastern Ethiopia.Materials and methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was done with 618 water-carrying women chosen using simple random and systematic random sampling techniques. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews with the standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data entry were carried out using Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. A binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with self-reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms at a 95% confidence interval (CI). In the multivariate model, variables with a p-value ≤0.05 and a 95% CI were declared as factors of self-reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms. The model’s fitness was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow, and it was found to be fit.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported MSD symptoms was 72.5% during the previous 12 months. MSD symptoms were significantly elevated among women who carried water from a distance of 501–1,000 m [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.39, 95% CI = 3.64–9.69] and &gt;1,000 m (5.93, 2.84–12.40), carried a water load of &gt;15 kg during pregnancy (8.29, 2.97–23.09), and carried a water load of &gt;15 kg when not pregnant (1.59, 1.44–2.68).ConclusionThree-fourths of the participants had self-reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in the past 12 months. Distance of water sources from their house, carrying the same amount of water during pregnancy, and weight of the water load carrying were factors associated with the self-reported musculoskeletal disorder symptoms. Hence, health professionals should raise awareness of the association between carrying high water loads and the development of MSDs, especially during pregnancy. Improvement in water supply infrastructure and enhancing behavioral intervention should be done. Furthermore, Future researchers should assess MSDs using objective measurements and cohort studies should be implemented.
Adaptive robotic system for the inspection of aerospace slat actuator mount
Authors: Morsi Nour M. , Mata Mario , Harrison Colin S. , Semple David 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Robotics uptake in the aerospace industry is low, mainly due to the low-volume/high-accuracy production that aerospace manufacturers require. Furthermore, aerospace manufacturing and assembly sites are often unstructured environments not specifically suitable for robots to operate in.Methods: This paper introduces a robotic visual inspection system using off-the-shelf components able to inspect the mounting holes for wing slat actuators without the need for fixed-coordinate programming; the part just needs to be left within reach of the robot. Our system sets one of the opposed pairs of mounting holes as a reference (the “datum”) and then compares the tilt of all other pairs of mounting holes with respect to it. Under the assumption that any deviation in the mounting hole tilt is not systematic but due to normal manufacturing tolerances, our system will either guarantee the correct alignment of all mounting holes or highlight the existence of misaligned holes.Results and Discussion: Computer-vision tilt measurements are performed with an error of below 0.03° using custom optimization for the sub-pixel determination of the center and radius of the mounting holes. The error introduced by the robot’s motion from the datum to each of the remaining hole pairs is compensated by moving back to the datum and fixing the orientation again before moving to inspect the next hole pair. This error is estimated to be approximately 0.05°, taking the total tilt error estimation for any mounting hole pair to be 0.08° with respect to the datum. This is confirmed by manually measuring the tilt of the hole pairs using a clock gauge on a calibrated table (not used during normal operation).
Temporal Trends in Tobacco Smoking Prevalence During the Period 2010–2020 in Vietnam: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vu Lan Thi Hoang , Bui Quyen Thi Tu , Shelley Donna , Niaura Raymond , Tran Bao Quoc , Pham Nga Quynh , Nguyen Lam Tuan , Chu Annie , Pratt Angela , Thi Lan Pham Chi , Hoang Minh Van 
Published: June 2024

Objectives: This study used repeated cross-sectional data from three national surveys in Vietnam to determine tobacco smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2020 and disparities among demographic and socioeconomic groups.Methods: Tobacco smoking temporal trends were estimated for individuals aged 15 and over and stratified by demographic and socioeconomic status (SES). Prevalence estimates used survey weights and 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression models adjusted for survey sample characteristics across time were used to examine trends.Results: Tobacco smoking prevalence dropped from 23.8% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2015 and 20.8% in 2020. The adjusted OR for 2015 compared to 2010 was 0.87, and for 2020 compared to 2010 was 0.69. Smoking decreased less for employed individuals than unemployed individuals in 2020 compared to 2010. Smoking was higher in the lower SES group in all 3 years. Higher-SES households have seen a decade-long drop in tobacco use.Conclusion: This prevalence remained constant in lower SES households. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the specific challenges faced by lower-SES smokers and emphasizes the importance of further research to inform effective policies.
Bacterial Contamination of Environmental Surfaces of Veterinary Rehabilitation Clinics
Authors: Spratt Henry G. , Millis Nicholas , Levine David , Brackett Jenna , Millis Darryl 
Published: June 2024

The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on veterinary clinic surfaces may be problematic. In this study, we collected swab samples (Fisherbrand, double transport swabs with Stuart’s liquid medium) and water samples from five veterinary rehabilitation clinics. Swabs and water samples were transported to a microbiology lab for processing. At the lab, swabs were used to inoculate Hardy’s Cdiff Banana Broth (for Clostridium difficile [Cdiff]) and five different types of bacterial growth media, including Hardy CHROM MRSA agar (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] and S. pseudintermedius [SIM]), mannitol salt agar (S. aureus [SA]), eosin methylene blue agar (enterics [ENT]), Pseudomonas isolation agar (Pseudomonas spp. [PS]), and tryptic soy agar [TSA] (non-specific). The most prominent presumptive species cultured was Cdiff (on nearly 55% of swabs). Bacillus spp. and enteric bacteria were encountered on nearly 35% of swabs, with MRSA and SIM on just over 10% of swabs. The most contaminated sample site was harnesses/life jackets used with the underwater treadmill (33% of swabs). The underwater treadmill water had total bacterial counts from 1,600 to 2,800 cfu/mL. Of all presumptive bacterial species detected, SIM tends to be more pathogenic for dogs. Targeted cleaning/disinfecting in these clinics could help reduce risks for both animals and caregivers utilizing these clinics.
Diurnal-Rhythmic Relationships between Physiological Parameters and Photosynthesis- and Antioxidant-Enzyme Genes Expression in the Raphidophyte Chattonella marina Complex
Authors: Mukai Koki , Qiu Xuchun , Takai Yuki , Yasuo Shinobu , Oshima Yuji , Shimasaki Yohei 
Published: June 2024

Diurnal rhythms in physiological functions contribute to homeostasis in many organisms. Although relationships between molecular biology and diurnal rhythms have been well studied in model organisms like higher plants, those in harmful algal bloom species are poorly understood. Here we measured several physiological parameters and the expression patterns of photosynthesis-related and antioxidant-enzyme genes in the Chattonella marina complex to understand the biological meaning of diurnal rhythm. Under a light–dark cycle, Fv/Fm and expression of psbA, psbD, and 2-Cys prx showed significant increases in the light and decreases during the dark. These rhythms remained even under continuous dark conditions. DCMU suppressed the induction of psbA, psbD, and 2-Cys prx expression under both light regimes. Oxidative stress levels and H2O2 scavenging activities were relatively stable, and there was no significant correlation between H2O2 scavenging activities and antioxidant-enzyme gene expression. These results indicate that the Chattonella marina complex has developed mechanisms for efficient photosynthetic energy production in the light. Our results showed that this species has a diurnal rhythm and a biological clock. These phenomena are thought to contribute to the efficiency of physiological activities centered on photosynthesis and cell growth related to the diurnal vertical movement of this species.
Optimizing Cellulase—Limosilactobacillus fermentum ZC529 Synergy Fermentation for Preserving Macadamia integrifolia Pericarp’s Potential Use as Antioxidants
Authors: Zhang Chen , Huang Haibo , Liu Bifan , Tang Xiongzhuo , Tan Bi’e , Jiang Qian , Yin Yulong 
Published: June 2024

Macadamia integrifolia pericarps (MIP) are byproducts of nut production which are rich in natural antioxidant compounds, making them an excellent source for extracting bioactive compounds. However, the antioxidant compounds in MIP are easily oxidized under natural storage conditions, resulting in significant biomass loss and resource wastage. To preserve the potential of MIP to be used as an antioxidant product, we employed cellulase and Limosilactobacillus fermentum ZC529 (L.f ZC529) fermentation and utilized response surface methodology to optimize the fermentation parameters for mitigating the antioxidant loss. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was used as the response variable. The fermented MIP water extract (FMIPE) was obtained via ultrasound-assisted extraction, and its biological activity was evaluated to optimize the best fermentation conditions. Results indicated that a cellulase dosage of 0.9%, an L.f ZC529 inoculation size of 4 mL/100 g, and a fermentation time of 7 days were the optimal conditions for MIP fermentation. Compared to spontaneous fermentation, these optimal conditions significantly increased the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (p < 0.05). T-AOC was 160.72% increased by this optimal fermentation (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation with varying concentrations of FMIPE (6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%) increased the T-AOC, SOD activity, and GSH content, and reduced MDA levels of the oxidative-stressed Drosophila melanogaster (p < 0.05). Moreover, 12.5% and 25% of FMIPE treatments elevated CAT activity in the Drosophila melanogaster (p < 0.05). The effects of FMIPE on GSH and MDA in Drosophila melanogaster were equivalent to the 0.5% vitamin C (Vc) treatment. In summary, synergistic fermentation using cellulase and L.f ZC529 effectively preserves the antioxidant activity of the MIP, offering a simple, eco-friendly method to promote the utilization of MIP resources.
Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme uptake, patient satisfaction, and QOF achievement: an ecological study from 2020–2023
Authors: Penfold Chris , Hong Jialan , Edwards Peter J , Kashyap Mavin , Salisbury Chris , Bennett Ben , Macleod John , Redaniel Maria Theresa 
Published: June 2024

Background
The Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) was introduced by NHS England in 2019 alongside primary care networks (PCNs), with the aims of increasing the workforce and improving patient outcomes.

Aim
To describe the uptake of direct patient care (DPC)-ARRS roles and its impact on patients’ experiences.

Design and setting
An ecological study using 2020–2023 PCN and practice workforce data, registered patient characteristics, the General Practice Patient Survey, and the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF).

Method
Descriptive statistics with associations were examined using quantile and linear regression.

Results

By March 2023, 17 588 full-time equivalent (FTE) DPC-ARRS roles were commissioned by 1223 PCNs. PCNs with fewer constituent practices had more DPC-ARRS roles per population (
P
<0.001), as did PCNs with more FTE GPs per population (
P
= 0.005). DPC-ARRS commissioning did not vary with age, sex, or deprivation characteristics of practice populations. DPC-ARRS roles were associated with small increases in patient satisfaction (0.8 percentage points increase in patients satisfied per one DPC-ARRS FTE) and perceptions of access (0.7 percentage points increase in patients reporting ‘good’ experience of making an appointment per one DPC-ARRS FTE), but not with overall QOF achievement.

Conclusion
The commissioning of DPC-ARRS roles was associated with small increases in patient satisfaction and perceptions of access, but not with QOF achievement. DPC-ARRS roles were employed in areas with more GPs rather than compensating for a shortage of doctors. Single-practice PCNs commissioned more roles per registered population, which may be advantageous to single-practice PCNs. Further evaluation of the scheme is warranted.
Public sector procurement and the support of small and medium-sized enterprises: a comprehensive public procurement regulatory framework
Authors: Tsikad Charles , Imran Shahid , Ullah Asad 
Published: June 2024

Governments worldwide leverage their purchasing power to advance social, economic, and environmental agendas. Public procurement can be employed as a strategic instrument to support small and medium-sized enterprises. Many countries are showing a rising interest in leveraging public procurement to foster the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into markets. However, access to public procurement contracts is a challenge for small and medium sized enterprises. There are challenges posed by government policies that is frequently overlooked. Public procurement regulations cover procedures, methods, standards, and terms for inviting bids, evaluation, selection, negotiation, awarding, and payment of suppliers of goods and services. However, many small businesses fail to meet these procedures, methods, standards, and terms because of capacities and resources constraints. There are public procurement initiatives that are currently being implemented throughout the world to help small businesses gain access to markets. Nevertheless, these initiatives are still relatively new and unstructured. There continues to be a dearth of peer reviewed research. This paper delineates small and medium-sized enterprises from various viewpoints, underlines their importance, explains the frameworks for public procurement, and proposes government-led initiatives that could facilitate the integration of small and medium-sized enterprises into the market. It is concluded that governments should implement strategies aimed at assisting small businesses. These strategies may include non-competitive practices, subcontracting initiatives, qualification criteria, preferential schemes, and award criteria. By doing so, governments can create a fairer playing field, promote the competitiveness of small businesses, and encourage their engagement in public procurement processes. This, in turn, will foster SME growth, spur economic development, and facilitate job creation.