bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mentha piperita leaf extract suppresses the release of ATP from epidermal keratinocytes and reduces dermal thinning as well as wrinkle formation
Authors: Fujita Yukiko , Biswas Kazal Boron , Kawai Yuka , Takayama Satoru , Masutani Teruaki , Iddamalgoda Arunasiri , Sakamoto Kotaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo achieve a more beautiful and younger appearance, reducing wrinkles is a key concern. The process of wrinkle formation is complex and the development of truly effective cosmetic ingredients to reduce wrinkles remains a challenge. Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between wrinkles and skin thinning, suggesting that preventing skin thinning could also prevent wrinkle formation. In this study, we examined the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) in the progression of thinning, as eATP reportedly increases skin ageing factors, such as senescence‐associated secreted phenotype (SASP) factors in epidermal cells. We determined the effects of Mentha piperita leaf extract on suppressing eATP to reduce thinning and wrinkles.MethodsAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in the presence of M. piperita leaf extract. Dryness, high pH, and UVB radiation were used as extrinsic ageing factors. Intrinsic skin ageing was evaluated by comparing cells from adults (AD‐NHEK) and newborns (NB‐NHEK). A placebo‐controlled in vivo study was carried out with a formulation containing 1% M. piperita leaf extract.ResultsThe eATP levels were significantly higher in AD‐NHEK compared with that in NB‐NHEK cells. M. piperita leaf extract significantly decreased eATP levels in adult cells. Extrinsic ageing factors increased eATP levels in NHEK, whereas M. piperita leaf extract significantly suppressed eATP under all conditions. The active components of M. piperita leaf extract, luteolin glucuronide and rosmarinic acid, also decreased eATP. Moreover, compared with placebo lotion, M. piperita leaf extract‐formulated lotion markedly increased dermal thickness and reduced wrinkles associated with crow's feet and the neck area.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time that M. piperita leaf extract containing rosmarinic acid and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide has the potential to reduce eATP release from epidermal keratinocytes. An increase in eATP was observed not only during inflammation but also during natural ageing. Furthermore, the in vivo experiment revealing that 1% M. piperita leaf extract‐containing lotion improved dermal thinning and wrinkles across multiple areas is attributed to the amelioration of dermal thinning. Thus, our data suggest the possibility of a novel cosmetic approach for reducing skin ageing by reducing eATP‐mediated dermal thinning.
Age‐related changes in the bacterial composition of healthy female facial skin in Beijing area
Authors: Zhou Jin , Mehling Annette , Wang Qiujing , Wang Xiaoyue , Hu Xinyue , Song Liya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveExploring the effects of age on microbial community structure and understanding the effects of chronological ageing as well as sun exposure on microbial community diversity.MethodThe microbial characteristics of the facial skin of 98 adult women aged 18–70 years were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and differences based on age and reported sun exposure were assessed.ResultsThe cheek skin's bacterial diversity and richness increased with age. The relative abundance of Cutibacterium decreased with age, while the relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Anaerococcus, Paracoccus, Micrococcus, Kocuria, Kytococcus, and Chryseobacterium increased. In addition, an increase in Micrococcus and a decrease in Cutibacterium were observed in volunteers with more than 2 h of daily sun exposure compared to volunteers with <2 h of daily sun exposure. Under low‐sunlight conditions, Cutibacterium was more prevalent in the youth group, and Corynebacterium, Anaerococcus, and Kytococcus were more prevalent in the older group.ConclusionThe diversity and composition of the bacterial community on the cheeks are affected by age and extrinsic factors (sun exposure) may also play a role in this.
Generational differences in perceived severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ureña‐Paniego Clara , Montero‐Vilchez Trinidad , Sanabria‐de‐la‐Torre Raquel , Ramírez‐Muñoz Arena , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects all age groups. The impact of AD on patients' lives could differ across generations. Understanding the differences in objective and subjective severity of AD between generations may support more personalized care for the AD patients. Thus, this study aimed to compare the clinical severity and subjective impact of AD between generation Z (GZ) and the millennial generation (MG).Materials and methodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional observational study in patients diagnosed with moderate to severe AD born between 1993–2001 (GZ) and 1978–1992 (MG) who attended an AD specialist care unit for the first time. We collected severity indices evaluated by the dermatologist, such as the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) or the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), and severity scales that included patient assessment, such as the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) or the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM).ResultsA total of 73 patients were included, of which 56.2% (41/73) were women. 52.86% (37/73) of the patients belonged to the MG, and 43.8% (33/73) belonged to GZ. Patients belonging to GZ presented lower severity of their AD compared to the MG (EASI: 9.75 ± 11.68 vs. 16.63 ± 14.66; P < 0.05). However, their perception of disease severity was similar to the MG (SCORAD: 43.54 ± 28.99 vs. 32.98 ± 21.91; P = 0.96; POEM: 13.21 ± 8.98 vs. 15.48 ± 6.69; P = 0.14).ConclusionsGZ presents a higher subjective perception of severity than millennials. Understanding these generational disparities contributes to creating more effective treatment strategies and provides a more targeted approach to care that addresses each generational group's unique needs and expectations.
Spatial resolution of the head and neck cancer tumor microenvironment to identify tumor and stromal features associated with therapy response
Authors: Berrell Naomi , Monkman James , Donovan Meg , Blick Tony , O'Byrne Ken , Ladwa Rahul , Tan Chin Wee , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common cancer globally, resulting in 440 000 deaths per year. While there have been advancements in chemoradiotherapy and surgery, relapse occurs in more than half of HNCs, and these patients have a median survival of 10 months and a 2‐year survival of < 20%. Only a subset of patients displays durable benefits from immunotherapies in metastatic and recurrent HNC, making it critical to understand the tumor microenvironment (TME) underpinning therapy responses in HNC. To recognize biological differences within the TME that may be predictive of immunotherapy response, we applied cutting‐edge geospatial whole‐transcriptome profiling (NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler) and spatial proteomics profiling (Akoya PhenoCycler‐Fusion) on a tumor microarray consisting of 25 cores from 12 patients that included 4 immunotherapy‐unresponsive (8 cores) and 2 immunotherapy‐responsive patients (5 cores), as well as 6 immunotherapy naïve patients (12 cores). Through high‐plex, regional‐based transcriptomic mapping of the tumor and TME, pathways involved with the complement system and hypoxia were identified to be differentially expressed in patients who went on to experience a poor immunotherapy response. Single‐cell, targeted proteomic analysis found that immune cell infiltration of the cancer cell mass and interactions of CD8 T cells with tumor and other immune cells were associated with positive immunotherapy response. The relative abundance of specific tumor phenotypes and their interactions with various immune cells was identified to be different between response groups. This study demonstrates how spatial transcriptomics and proteomics can resolve novel alterations in the TME of HNC that may contribute to therapy sensitivity and resistance.
Generation of B7‐H3 isoform regulated by ANXA2/NSUN2/YBX1 axis in human glioma
Authors: Shen Yifen , Ma Chunfang , Li Xiangxiang , Li Xiaosong , Wu Yuxiang , Yang Tao , Hu Yanping , Liu Chao , Shen Hao , Guo Pin , Shen Yihang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, in the development of emerging immunotherapy, B7‐H3 is also termed as CD276 and has become a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T target against glioma and other tumours, and aroused extensive attention. However, B7‐H3 has three isoforms (2, 3 and 4Ig) with the controversial expression and elusive function in tumour especially glioma. The current study mainly focuses on the regulatory factors and related mechanisms of generation of different B7‐H3 isoforms. First, we have determined that 2Ig is dominant in glioma with high malignancy, and 4Ig is widely expressed, whereas 3Ig shows negative expression in all glioma. Next, we have further found that RNA binding protein annexin A2 (ANXA2) is essential for B7‐H3 isoform maintenance, but fail to determine the choice of 4Ig or 2Ig. RNA methyltransferase NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) and 5‐methylcytosine reader Y‐box binding protein 1 (YBX1) facilitate the production of 2Ig. Our findings have uncovered a series of factors (ANXA2/NSUN2/YBX1) that can determine the alternative generation of different isoforms of B7‐H3 in glioma. Our result aims to help peers gain a clearer understanding of the expression and regulatory mechanisms of B7H3 in tumour patients, and to provide better strategies for designing B7H3 as a target in immunotherapy.
Characterization of the forehead skin microbiome in the early phase of acne
Authors: Maître M. , Gravier E. , Simcic‐Mori A. , Géniès C. , Mias C. , Alvarez‐Georges S. , Noustens A. , Bouyer K. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Carballido F. , Duplan H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe skin microbiota is known to be imbalanced in acne vulgaris, but the changes occurring during the early stages of acne onset remain poorly described.ObjectivesTo characterize the skin microbiome of subclinical stages of acne in adults and adolescents.MethodsThe composition and diversity of the microbiota from non‐lesional skin on the forehead of subjects with mild‐to‐moderate acne were compared to the ones from non‐acne subjects. Analyses of skin swab samples were performed using high‐throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 regions of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, the tuf gene fragment ofStaphylococcusspecies and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the fungal rRNA gene to determine the relative abundance, alpha‐diversity and beta‐diversity of bacteria and fungi.ResultsCompared with non‐acne subjects, acne subjects had a higher abundance ofCutibacterium(72.4% vs. 57.8%) and lower abundances ofCorynebacterium(2.8% vs. 4.8%) andStreptococcus(1.4% vs. 3.2%). Bacterial alpha‐ and beta‐diversity indices also differed significantly between the two groups, reflecting differences in richness, evenness, abundance and phylogenetic distance between bacterial populations. Differences were also observed at the level ofStaphylococcusspecies:S. capitiswas predominant in skin samples from non‐acne subjects (46.7%), whereasS. epidermidiswas the most abundantStaphylococcusspecies in non‐lesional forehead skin areas of acne subjects (44.2%). Conversely, no significant between‐group differences were found for fungi, withMalassezialesbeing the predominant order in both subject groups.ConclusionDysbiosis was observed very early in subclinical acne stages of the forehead skin, with the overall abundance, richness and evenness of the bacterial population being lower in acne than in non‐acne skin samples. Dysbiosis was also found at the level ofStaphylococcusspecies. The development of acne lesions could therefore be prevented by using a skin care product that rebalances facial skin microbiota at very early stages.
Impacts of estuarine habitat degradation on the modeled life history of marine estuarine–dependent and resident fish species
Authors: ten Brink Hanna , van Leeuwen Anieke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractShallow coastal and estuarine habitats play an essential role in the life cycles of many fish species, providing spawning, nursery, feeding, and migration areas. However, these ecologically valuable habitats are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, causing substantial changes in both habitat availability and quality. Fish species use these shallow coastal habitats and estuaries during various life stages, leading to their categorization into guilds based on how and when they rely on these areas. This differential functional use of estuaries means that changes to these habitats may affect each guild differently. To understand the impact of estuarine habitat degradation on fish populations, it is therefore necessary to consider the full life cycle of fish and when they rely on these coastal habitats. Here, we use conceptual size‐structured population models to study how estuarine habitat degradation affects two functionally different guilds. We use these models to predict how reduced food productivity in the estuary affects the demographic rates and population dynamics of these groups. Specifically, we model estuarine residents, which complete their entire life cycle in estuaries, and marine estuarine–dependent species, which inhabit estuaries during early life before transitioning offshore. We find that total fish biomass for both guilds decreases with decreasing food productivity. However, the density of juveniles of the marine estuarine–dependent guild can, under certain conditions, increase in the estuary. This occurs due to a shift in the population biomass distribution over different life stages and a simultaneous shift in which life stage is most limited by food. At the individual level, somatic growth of juveniles belonging to the estuarine‐dependent guild decreased with lower food supply in the estuary, due to increased competition for food. The somatic growth rates of fish belonging to the resident guild were largely unaffected by low food supply, as the total fish density decreased at the same time and therefore the per‐capita food availability was similar. These outcomes challenge the assumption that responses to habitat degradation are similar between fish guilds. Our study highlights the need to assess not only fish biomass but also size distributions, survival, and somatic growth rates for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of habitat degradation on fish populations. This understanding is crucial not only for estuary fish communities but also for successful conservation and management of commercially harvested offshore population components.
Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels in patients with acne vulgaris: A case–control study
Authors: Kazeminejad Armaghan , Hajheydari Zohreh , Taghian Seyed Shokoufe , Gholizadeh Nasim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris is a very common inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with acne vulgaris often have low levels of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D. However, these three nutrients have rarely been collectively examined in a single study. The objective of this study was to compare serum levels of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D in patients with acne vulgaris in comparison to a control group.MethodsThis case–control study included 100 adult patients with acne vulgaris attending a dermatology clinic, in 2020. A group of 100 patients without acne vulgaris attending the same clinics were evaluated as controls. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking were recorded. In addition, anthropometric indices, such as weight and height, were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated accordingly. Acne severity was determined using Tutakne and Chari's grading system. Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels were evaluated in peripheral blood samples of all the participants.ResultsAcne patients and controls were comparable regarding age, sex, weight, height, BMI, occupation, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking (p > 0.05). Serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels were all significantly lower in acne patients than in controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the frequency of abnormal zinc and vitamin D levels was significantly higher in acne patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding abnormal serum selenium levels (p = 0.228). Also, serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D levels lower levels in patients with grade 4 acne compared to other disease severity grades (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with acne vulgaris have lower levels of serum zinc, selenium, and vitamin D compared to the control group. Additionally, there is a correlation between the severity of the disease and lower levels of these nutrients.
Inpatient diabetes management
Authors: Demidowich Andrew P. , Stanback Camille , Zilbermint Mihail 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is currently approaching epidemic proportions and disproportionately affects patients in the hospital setting. In the United States, individuals living with diabetes represent over 17 million emergency department visits and 8 million admissions annually. The management of these patients in the hospital setting is complex and differs considerably from the outpatient setting. All patients with hyperglycemia should be screened for diabetes, as in‐hospital hyperglycemia portends a greater risk for morbidity, mortality, admission to an intensive care unit, and increased hospital length of stay. However, the definition of hyperglycemia, glycemic targets, and strategies to manage hyperglycemia in the inpatient setting can vary greatly depending on the population considered. Moreover, the presenting illness, changing nutritional status, and concurrent hospital medications often necessitate thoughtful consideration to adjustments of home diabetes regimens and/or the initiation of new insulin doses. This review article will examine core concepts and emerging new literature surrounding inpatient diabetes management, including glycemic targets, insulin dosing strategies, noninsulin medications, new diabetes technologies, inpatient diabetes management teams, and discharge planning strategies, to optimize patient safety and satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and even hospital financial health.
Sella turcica and facial bones: Morphological integration in the human fetal cranium
Authors: Utsunomiya Natsuko , Katsube Motoki , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Kumakiri Masanori , Morimoto Naoki , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe cranial base plays a significant role in facial growth, and closer analyses of the morphological relationship between these two regions are needed to understand the morphogenesis of the face. Here, we aimed to study morphological integration between the sella turcica (ST) and facial bones during the fetal period using geometric morphometrics.Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance images of 47 human fetuses in the Kyoto Collection, with crown‐rump lengths of 29.8–225 mm, were included in this study. Anatomical homologous landmarks and semilandmarks were registered on the facial bones and the midsagittal contour of the ST, respectively. The shape variations in the craniofacial skeleton and the ST were statistically investigated by reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the morphological integration between the facial bones and ST was investigated using two‐block partial least squares (2B‐PLS) analysis.ResultsPCA showed that small specimens represented the concave facial profile, including the mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. The 2B‐PLS showed a strong integration (RV coefficient = 0.523, r = .79, p < .01) between the facial bones and ST. The curvature of the anterior wall of the ST was highly associated with immature facial morphology characterized by a concave profile.ConclusionThe strong integration between the two regions suggested that the anterior ST may be associated with facial morphology. This result quantitatively confirms previous studies reporting ST deformities in facial anomalies and induces further research using postnatal subjects.
Role of MTHFR, IRF6, PAX7 and TP63 SNPs in susceptibility to non‐syndromic orofacial cleft, a candidate gene study in a Portuguese population
Authors: Mendes João , Guimarães Adriana Rocha , Ribeiro Joana Martins , Oliveiros Bárbara , Mesquita Luís Alcides , Fernandes Maria Helena , do Vale Francisco José Fernandes , Silva Henriqueta Coimbra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNon‐syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) is a complex phenotype, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Association studies exploring the genetic susceptibility to this prevalent oral malformation show variability of results in different populations. Using a candidate gene approach, we aimed to verify the role of four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the susceptibility to NSOC in Portuguese patients.MethodsA total of 254 non‐consanguineous individuals of Portuguese were recruited, including 120 patients with NSOC and 134 controls. About 92% of these patients had non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and 8% had only non‐syndromic cleft palate (NSCP). SNPs in the MTHFR (rs1801133), IRF6 (rs642961), PAX7 (rs742071) and TP63 (rs9332461) genes were studied, using a real‐time approach with TaqMan probes. Allelic, genotypic, dominant, recessive and over‐dominant models were explored using a chi‐squared test. Adjusted p‐value was calculated for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR).ResultsAll SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. For MTHFR, IRF6, and PAX7 SNPs, no statistically significant difference was highlighted for any of the evaluated models. For TP63 SNP, data fitted an over‐dominant model, with a protective effect for heterozygotes (OR 1.897; CI 95% [1.144–3.147]; p < .016, when comparing controls vs. cases), but significance was lost when applying adjusted p‐value for multiple comparisons (4 × 5 tests).ConclusionIn this Portuguese population, there was no evidence of an association between the evaluated SNPs and NSOC. For TP63 SNP, the possibility of a protective effect of heterozygotes should be further investigated.