bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of IL‐8, ECP, and total IgE in the tears of patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis treated with rebamipide eyedrops
Authors: Ueta Mayumi , Shoji Jun , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRebamipide eyedrops are approved in Japan for the treatment of dry eye disease. Some patients with allergic conjunctival diseases also manifest dry eye. Earlier we reported that rebamipide suppressed polyI:C‐induced inflammatory cytokines in human conjunctival epithelial cells. In the current study we examined the effect of rebamipide eyedrops on the level of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and total IgE on the ocular surface.We prescribed rebamipide eyedrops to patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) who presented with dry eye (6 eyes in 4 AKC patients) and measured the IL‐8, ECP, and total IgE levels in their tears before‐ and 2, and 4–6 weeks after the start of rebamipide treatment. To measure the IL‐8 and total IgE levels in their tears we used BD™ CBA Flex sets; ECP measurements were with ELISA. The level of IL‐8, ECP, and total IgE in the tears of AKC patients was reduced significantly 4–6 weeks after the start of rebamipide treatment. We also recorded subjective symptoms associated with AKC, e.g. itching, foreign body sensation, and eye mucus discharge, by using a patient questionnaire. Their subjective symptoms associated with AKC were also significantly ameliorated at 2 and 4–6 weeks.Our observations suggest that the anti‐inflammatory effects of rebamipide eyedrops help to combat human ocular surface inflammation and that they may be a new effective therapy in patients with AKC.
Exciton Population Dynamics of Ethoxy-terminated Silicon Quantum Dots: Femtosecond Near-IR Transient Absorption Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Chen Dong , Wang Li , Sato Seiichi , Yao Hiroshi , Tamai Naoto 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ethoxy-terminated silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) were prepared by a simple ball milling method of bulk Si in ethanol. Size (diameter) and band-gap energy (Eg) were 2.6 ± 0.3 nm and 2.1 eV by TEM and absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The main surface termination was found to be Si–OC2H5 by attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy. Exciton population dynamics of Si QDs was investigated by femtosecond near-IR transient absorption spectroscopy. Intensity-dependent exciton dynamics revealed that the multiple excitons generated by high photon flux were captured to the trapping sites immediately before Auger recombination.
Nanoscale Identification of Extracellular Organic Substances at the Microbe–Mineral Interface by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Mitsunobu Satoshi , Zhu Ming , Takeichi Yasuo , Ohigashi Takuji , Suga Hiroki , Makita Hiroko , Sakata Masahiro , Ono Kanta , Mase Kazuhiko , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In the present study, we applied a scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) technique to investigate the spatial distribution of biomolecules at the microbe–mineral boundary during bioleaching process of pyrite (FeS2). STXM-based carbon and oxygen near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) directly showed that polysaccharides were localized within 150 nm of the bacteria–pyrite boundary and that sessile bioleaching bacteria produced polysaccharides-abundant extracellular biomolecules on the pyrite grain. The STXM-based NEXAFS technique has multiple advantages: (i) a high spatial resolution less than 50 nm, (ii) a nondestructive analytical technique with a high element of specificity, (iii) X-ray spectroscopic chemical speciation useful for the analysis of hydrated biomolecules. Thus, the STXM-based NEXAFS technique is a powerful tool to investigate the mechanism of biological process occurring at the microbe–mineral interface.
Policing across borders: Line of Duty and the politics of national identity
Authors: Joy Stuart 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the first series of Line of Duty (2012–) invites viewers to consider the wider politicized function of the police as well as depictions of criminality in Britain. I describe how the series reflects a broader shift in the understanding of the British crime drama as not simply a reproduction of national concerns, but in relation to new discourses of transnational anxiety. I analyse how representations of crime and criminality are viewed through the lens of current news media trends to examine the relationship between the British crime drama and the wider socio-economic and political concerns in which articulations of both national and increasingly transnational identities can become visible.
South Park and social research: What cartoons can tell us about sustainable mobility
Authors: Newman Daniel 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This article discusses a topic that has previously been the domain of business studies: sustainable mobility and, in particular, consumer attitudes to electric vehicles. In conducting a social research study into electric vehicle drivers, I was presented with a finding that was not properly accounted for in the extant literature. At a loss, my chief reference point became a television show: South Park (1997–). This incident is used to acknowledge that academic fields such as business studies would be improved by exhibiting greater openness to other disciplines, such as cultural studies. In the spirit of breaking down this barrier, the article highlights something of the knowledge that can be gained from even the most cursory glance out at popular culture from within the closed world of business studies.
Media logic production: How media practitioners in Italian reality television localize TV formats and select ‘entertainment values’
Authors: Splendore Sergio 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Based within the theoretical framework of the sociology of journalism, this article presents the results of a research project on the Italian production of reality television formats. The research (based on interviews and participant observation) focuses on the particular routines and daily practices of different media workers involved in the production of four different Italian reality TV programmes (Big Brother, Farm, Music Farm and Celebrity Survivor). The article details two different stage of this process: first, when broadcasters purchase a TV format; and second, when a TV company actually produces it. Media workers have to select and create a narrative from 24 hours of shooting. In order to manage this task – i.e. the selection of material and its construction in a narrative – two main groups of figures are involved: ‘entertainment gatherers’ and ‘entertainment processors’. The article describes the routines and logics that preside over these choices. At the same time, it discusses ‘entertainment values’ which, like ‘news values’, help media workers to choose between events and material in order to compose them in a coherent narrative. The analysis discusses what kind of media logic is at the stake in the production process.
Review Essay
Authors: Green John Paul 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The television that dripped blood
True Blood: Investigating Vampires and Southern Gothic, Brigid Cherry (ed.) (2012) London: I. B. Tauris, 213 pp., ISBN: 9781848859401, p/bk, £12.99
TV Horror: Investigating the Dark Side of the Small Screen, Lorna Jowett and Stacey Abbott (2013) London: I. B. Tauris, 270 pp., ISBN: 9781848856189, p/bk, £14.99
Model-based Development and Performance Analysis for Evolving Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Kowal Matthias , Prehofer Christian , Schaefer Ina , Tribastone Mirco 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Manufacturing systems and their control software exhibit a large number of variants, which evolve over time in order to meet changing functional and non-functional requirements.
To handle the resulting complexity, we propose a multi-perspective modeling approach with different viewpoints regarding workflow, architecture and component behavior.
We combine it with delta modeling to seamlessly capture variability and evolution by the same means on each of the viewpoints.
We show how the separation in different viewpoints enables early performance analysis as well as code generation. The approach is illustrated using a case study.
Effectiveness of Trastuzumab in First-Line HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer After Failure in Adjuvant Setting: A Controlled Cohort Study
Authors: Negri Eva , Zambelli Alberto , Franchi Matteo , Rossi Marta , Bonifazi Martina , Corrao Giovanni , Moja Lorenzo , Zocchetti Carlo , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background.
The evidence supporting the use of trastuzumab (T) in a metastatic setting comes from studies that included (almost) only patients who never received prior T. We investigated the effectiveness of T as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in women previously treated with T in the adjuvant setting.

Materials and Methods.
By using record linkage of five administrative health care databases of Lombardy, Italy, we identified 2,046 women treated with T for early breast cancer (eBC) in 2006–2009, 96 of whom developed a metastasis and were retreated with T in first-line treatment for mBC (treatment group). We compared the overall survival (OS) of these women with that of 197 women treated with T in first-line treatment for mBC, who were treated with therapies other than T for early disease (control group). We computed Kaplan-Meier 2-year OS and used a proportional hazard model to estimate the multivariate hazard ratio (HR) of death in the intervention group compared with the control group, adjusted by age, use of endocrine therapy, and site of metastasis.

Results.
Two-year OS was 60.0% in the treatment group and 59.5% in the control group. The adjusted HR of death in the treatment group compared with the control group was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–1.26).

Conclusion.
Our data provide convincing evidence that the outcome of women receiving first-line T treatment for mBC after T failure in the adjuvant setting is comparable to that of women not receiving T for eBC. These data are of specific interest, given the unavailability of data from randomized clinical trials.
Effect of Short‐term Exposure of Selected Aromatic Nitrogen Compounds on Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Guo Jia , Sims Atreyee , Gajaraj Shashikanth , Wu Donglei , Hu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT: The biodegradation of melamine and p‐nitrophenol (PNP) and their impact on wastewater treatment was evaluated after a short‐term individual chemical loading in activated sludge treatment systems. Melamine was not degraded and quickly washed out of the system. PNP was degraded, but it led to a prolonged period of nitrification inhibition and deterioration of effluent quality. Both melamine and PNP loadings increased the effluent nitrogen concentrations, with their main contributors being melamine and NH4+, respectively. Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were dominant in the activated sludge. Melamine did not affect the nitrifying assemblages, whereas PNP led to a reduced Nitrosomonas population size and complete washout of Nitrobacter. The results suggest that melamine is an inert compound if it enters the treatment facility for a short duration. Although the short‐term exposure of melamine or PNP decreased effluent water quality, the impact of such aromatic nitrogen compounds on wastewater treatment performance may vary significantly.
Multivariate Analyses for Monitoring EDCs and PPCPs in a Lake Water
Authors: Park Minji , Reckhow David , Lavine Michael , Rosenfeldt Erik , Stanford Benjamin , Park Mi‐Hyun 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT: The analysis of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP), present at trace level in surface waters, is often expensive, time‐consuming, and complex. Implementing effective monitoring strategies for these compounds is essential to determine the types of analytes, sampling locations, and sampling frequencies. Multivariate analyses were used to investigate the patterns of EDCs and PPCPs in Lake Mead, Nevada, for these purposes. The results of cluster analysis and principal component analysis to identify the patterns among compounds demonstrated that selected pharmaceuticals tended to be present together with each other, whereas hormones did not show patterns with other compounds. The results of cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to investigate the spatial variation of EDCs and PPCPs eliminated redundant sampling locations, verifying the current selection of sampling locations in Lake Mead. The results of autocorrelation provided optimal sampling frequencies for EDCs and PPCPs, suggesting either monthly or quarterly monitoring of these compounds in Lake Mead. The patterns of the compounds could be site specific, depending on weather and hydrological conditions of the water systems, but this study's approaches will facilitate effective assessment and monitoring of EDCs and PPCPs in surface water.
Examination of Prior Experience with Telehealth and Comfort with Telehealth Technology as a Moderator of Treatment Response for PTSD and Depression in Veterans
Authors: Price Matthew , Gros Daniel F. 
Published: October 2014

Objective: Telehealth is a method to expand the reach of clinical care for PTSD treatment. However, those with limited prior exposure to telehealth or limited confidence using telehealth may have poorer treatment response. The present study examined familiarity with telehealth as a moderator of treatment response for a behavioral treatment delivered via telehealth. Method: Fifty-nine combat veterans completed eight sessions of exposure-based treatment via telehealth. Familiarity with telehealth and confidence in the technology were assessed at baseline. Results: PTSD and depression symptoms decreased as a result of treatment administered via telehealth. Familiarity with the technology and confidence in the technology were unrelated to symptom change. The lack of a significant relation was maintained after controlling for age. Conclusions: Perceptions of telehealth are unrelated to outcomes for mental health treatment. Clinicians should be confident in using this approach with patients, regardless of their familiarity or comfort with the technology.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2013
Authors: Dyer Jessie L. , Yager Pamela , Orciari Lillian , Greenberg Lauren , Wallace Ryan , Hanlon Cathleen A. , Blanton Jesse D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Summary—During 2013, 53 reporting jurisdictions reported 5,865 rabid animals and 3 human rabies cases to the CDC, representing a 4.8% decrease from the 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human case reported in 2012. Ninety-two percent of reported rabid animals were wildlife. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,898 raccoons (32.4%), 1,598 bats (27.2%), 1,447 skunks (24.7%), 344 foxes (5.9%), 247 cats (4.2%), 86 cattle (1.5%), and 89 dogs (1.5%). One human case was reported from Maryland. The infection was determined to have been transmitted via organ transplantation. Infection in the organ donor, a North Carolina resident, was retrospectively diagnosed. Both the organ donor and the organ recipient were infected with the raccoon rabies virus variant. The third human case, reported by Texas, involved a Guatemalan resident who was detained while crossing the US border. The infection was determined to be caused by a canine rabies virus variant that circulates in Central America.
Noncombat-related injuries or illnesses incurred by military working dogs in a combat zone
Authors: Takara Matt S. , Harrell Karyn 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the most common types of noncombat-related injuries or illnesses in military working dogs in a combat zone.
Design—Retrospective descriptive study.
Sample—1,350 patient encounters with military working dogs evaluated for noncombat-related reasons.
Procedures—Data regarding noncombat-related veterinary visits were collected on a weekly basis from 13 forward operating bases throughout Iraq from January 2009 through August 2010. Reporting facility location, patient identification, reason for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment were recorded, and descriptive data were summarized.
Results—The most common noncombat-related disease processes or injuries identified were related to the dermatologic system (ie, primary [inflammatory] dermatologic disease; 338/1,350 [25.0%]), soft tissue trauma (284 [21.0%]), alimentary system (231 [17.1%]), or musculoskeletal system (193 [14.3%]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Veterinary Corps officers need to be proficient not only in the management of combat-related injuries but also in the treatment of routine illnesses and injuries. Knowledge of noncombat-related diseases and injuries commonly incurred by military working dogs can be used for targeted training for individuals responsible for medical care of these animals as well as for equipment selection and protocol development.
Prognostic role of the product of serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations in dogs with chronic kidney disease: 31 cases (2008–2010)
Authors: Lippi Ilaria , Guidi Grazia , Marchetti Veronica , Tognetti Rosalba , Meucci Valentina 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective—To investigate serum calcium-phosphorus concentration product (sCaPP) as a predictor of mortality rate in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—31 dogs with definitive CKD and 35 apparently healthy dogs.
Procedures—All dogs had been referred for nephrological consultation between December 2008 and December 2010. Dogs with CKD had stable disease for ≥ 3 months. On the basis of glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/m2, 13 of the 35 apparently healthy dogs were subsequently classified as having early CKD. Disease stage among dogs was determined on the basis of plasma creatinine concentration as follows: stage 1, < 123.7 μmol/L (n = 13), stage 2, 123.7 to 176.8 μmol/L (7); stage 3, 185.6 to 442 μmol/L (13); or stage 4, > 442 μmol/L (11). For each dog, serum concentrations of ionized and total calcium and phosphorus were evaluated once; the latter 2 variables were used to determine sCaPP.
Results—The sCaPP differed significantly between the 22 healthy dogs and dogs with stage 3 or stage 4 CKD. The proportion of dogs with sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 increased with stage of disease. Mortality rate among the 24 dogs with sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 was higher than that among the 42 dogs with sCaPP ≤ 70 mg2/dL2. Dogs with sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 had a comparatively lower survival rate, and risk of death was 4.2 times as high as risk for dogs with sCaPP ≤ 70 mg2/dL2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For dogs with CKD, sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 appeared to be a negative prognostic indicator, which was not influenced by the concomitant serum concentrations of phosphorus and total or ionized calcium.
An exact solution for a steady, flowline marine ice sheet
Authors: Bueler Ed 
Published: October 2014

AbstractG. Böðvarsson’s 1955 plug-flow solution for an Icelandic glacier problem is shown to be an exact solution to the steady form of the simultaneous stress-balance and mass-continuity equations widely used in numerical models of marine ice sheets. The solution, which has parabolic ice thickness and constant vertically integrated longitudinal stress, solves the steady shallow-shelf approximation with linear sliding on a flat bed. It has an elevation-dependent surface mass-balance rate and, in the interpretation given here, a contrived location-dependent ice hardness distribution. By connecting Böðvarsson’s solution to the Van der Veen (1983) solution for floating ice, we construct an exact solution to the ‘rapid-sliding’ marine ice-sheet problem, continuously across the grounding line. We exploit this exact solution to examine the accuracy of two numerical methods, one grid-free and the other based on a fixed, equally spaced grid.
Roles of rhizobial symbionts in selenium hyperaccumulation inAstragalus(Fabaceae)
Authors: Alford Élan R. , Lindblom Stormy D. , Pittarello Marco , Freeman John L. , Fakra Sirine C. , Marcus Matthew A. , Broeckling Corey , Pilon‐Smits Elizabeth A. H. , Paschke Mark W. 
Published: October 2014

•Premise of the study:Are there dimensions of symbiotic root interactions that are overlooked because plant mineral nutrition is the foundation and, perhaps too often, the sole explanation through which we view these relationships? In this paper we investigate how the root nodule symbiosis in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulatorAstragalusspecies influences plant selenium (Se) accumulation.•Methods:In greenhouse studies, Se was added to nodulated and nonnodulated hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulatorAstragalusplants, followed by investigation of nitrogen (N)–Se relationships. Selenium speciation was also investigated, using x‐ray microprobe analysis and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS).•Key results:Nodulation enhanced biomass production and Se to S ratio in both hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plants. The hyperaccumulator contained more Se when nodulated, while the nonaccumulator contained less S when nodulated. Shoot [Se] was positively correlated with shoot N in Se‐hyperaccumulator species, but not in nonhyperaccumulator species. The x‐ray microprobe analysis showed that hyperaccumulators contain significantly higher amounts of organic Se than nonhyperaccumulators. LC‐MS ofA. bisulcatusleaves revealed that nodulated plants contained more γ‐glutamyl‐methylselenocysteine (γ‐Glu‐MeSeCys) than nonnodulated plants, while MeSeCys levels were similar.•Conclusions:Root nodule mutualism positively affects Se hyperaccumulation inAstragalus. The microbial N supply particularly appears to contribute glutamate for the formation of γ‐Glu‐MeSeCys. Our results provide insight into the significance of symbiotic interactions in plant adaptation to edaphic conditions. Specifically, our findings illustrate that the importance of these relationships are not limited to alleviating macronutrient deficiencies.
Genome and metagenome sequencing: Using the human methyl‐binding domain to partition genomic DNA derived from plant tissues
Authors: Yigit Erbay , Hernandez David I. , Trujillo Joshua T. , Dimalanta Eileen , Bailey C. Donovan 
Published: October 2014

• Premise of the study: Variation in the distribution of methylated CpG (methyl‐CpG) in genomic DNA (gDNA) across the tree of life is biologically interesting and useful in genomic studies. We illustrate the use of human methyl‐CpG‐binding domain (MBD2) to fractionate angiosperm DNA into eukaryotic nuclear (methyl‐CpG‐rich) vs. organellar and prokaryotic (methyl‐CpG‐poor) elements for genomic and metagenomic sequencing projects.• Methods: MBD2 has been used to enrich prokaryotic DNA in animal systems. Using gDNA from five model angiosperm species, we apply a similar approach to identify whether MBD2 can fractionate plant gDNA into methyl‐CpG‐depleted vs. enriched methyl‐CpG elements. For each sample, three gDNA libraries were sequenced: (1) untreated gDNA, (2) a methyl‐CpG‐depleted fraction, and (3) a methyl‐CpG‐enriched fraction.• Results: Relative to untreated gDNA, the methyl‐depleted libraries showed a 3.2–11.2‐fold and 3.4–11.3‐fold increase in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), respectively. Methyl‐enriched fractions showed a 1.8–31.3‐fold and 1.3–29.0‐fold decrease in cpDNA and mtDNA, respectively.• Discussion: The application of MBD2 enabled fractionation of plant gDNA. The effectiveness was particularly striking for monocot gDNA (Poaceae). When sufficiently effective on a sample, this approach can increase the cost efficiency of sequencing plant genomes as well as prokaryotes living in or on plant tissues.