bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class A Scavenger Receptor–Mediated Double-Stranded RNA Internalization Is Independent of Innate Antiviral Signaling and Does Not Require Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity
Authors: Nellimarla Srinivas , Baid Kaushal , Loo Yueh-Ming , Gale Michael , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Mossman Karen L. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
dsRNA is a potent trigger of innate immune signaling, eliciting effects within virally infected cells and after release from dying cells. Given its inherent stability, extracellular dsRNA induces both local and systemic effects. Although the class A scavenger receptors (SR-As) mediate dsRNA entry, it is unknown whether they contribute to signaling beyond ligand internalization. In this study, we investigated whether SR-As contribute to innate immune signaling independent of the classic TLR and retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–like receptor (RLR) pathways. We generated a stable A549 human epithelial cell line with inducible expression of the hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A, which efficiently cleaves TRIF and IFN-β promoter stimulator 1, adaptors for TLR3 and the RLRs, respectively. Cells expressing NS3/4A and TLR3/MyD88/IFN-β promoter stimulator 1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts completely lacked antiviral activity to extracellular dsRNA relative to control cells, suggesting that SR-As do not possess signaling capacity independent of TLR3 or the RLRs. Previous studies implicated PI3K signaling in SR-A–mediated activities and in downstream production of type I IFN. We found that SR-A–mediated dsRNA internalization occurs independent of PI3K activation, whereas downstream signaling leading to IFN production was partially dependent on PI3K activity. Overall, these findings suggest that SR-A–mediated dsRNA internalization is independent of innate antiviral signaling.
Convergence Study of Moment Approximations for Boundary Value Problems of the Boltzmann-BGK Equation
Authors: Torrilhon Manuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe accuracy of moment equations as approximations of kinetic gas theory is studied for four different boundary value problems. The kinetic setting is given by the BGK equation linearized around a globally constant Maxwellian using one space dimension and a three-dimensional velocity space. The boundary value problems include Couette and Poiseuille flow as well as heat conduction between walls and heat conduction based on a locally varying heating source. The polynomial expansion of the distribution function allows for different moment theories of which two popular families are investigated in detail. Furthermore, optimal approximations for a given number of variables are studied empirically. The paper focuses on approximations with relatively low number of variables which allows to draw conclusions in particular about specific moment theories like the regularized 13-moment equations.
Bespreken is zilver, verzwijgen is goud
Authors: Benjamins Meriel , Keltjens Ryanne , Rutten Alex 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Cooperations between Dutch Critics and Publishers during the Interbellum Period

The promotional activities of publishers and the different practices of literary critics became closely intertwined in the Netherlands during the first half of the twentieth century. In this article, we focus on how these two types of actors worked together and responded to new possibilities on the changing book market. We are particularly interested in what critics experienced as limitations or possible threats to their independent statuses and their positions in the field. These may have been most pressing for critics who had contacts with many different media and organizations. Such a central position within a literary network seems to be a characteristic of the so-called ‘middlebrow’ critic. Middlebrow critics were actively concerned with the social functions of literature and emphasized the need for cultural mediation. Our analysis of the behaviour and position-takings of three critics, Herman Robbers, Roel Houwink and P.H. Ritter Jr., shows that in their relationships with publishers, they operated within a grey area between commercialism and idealism, in which the (traditional) boundaries of ‘independent’ and professional criticism were at the same time consolidated, stretched and negotiated.
Gender en boekbedrijf
Authors: Streng Toos 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Gender and the market of books. Women writers in the nineteenth century

According to the prevailing nineteenth-century opinion, the literary quality of the work of female authors was lower than that of their male colleagues. Dutch publishers, however, were not reluctant to publish novels by female authors. Market conditions were decisive. After 1835, the supply of novels generally published exceeded demand. Buyers valued morality above literary quality and, as the work of female authors presumably met high moral standards, publishing the work of women was a safe bid in a competitive market. But demand for female Dutch authors exceeded supply. Dutch (and Flemish) female authors were scarce and only at the end of the nineteenth century, when the ideas of feminism began to take effect, the number of Dutch female authors increased. It is noteworthy that some renowned publishers, such as P.N. van Kampen & Zoon and W.H. Kirberger, had an outspoken preference for women writers. These were so called ‘gentleman-publishers’, who had both material and idealistic grounds to publish the work of female authors. Female authors felt at home with this type of publisher as their values ​​and manners corresponded with the feminine self-image. Around 1880, three major developments influenced the publishing of Dutch female authors: unmarried middle-class women gained the right to paid employment, the ideal type of ‘business publisher’ rose and the audience became segmented into highbrow, middlebrow and lowbrow. The developments are explored in this article on the basis of data from a database created by the author.
Becoming-Black: Patterns and Politics of West-German ‘Afro-Americanophilia’ in the Late 1960s
Authors: Ege Moritz 
Published: September 2015

In the late 1960s, African American culture and politics provided ‘lines of flight’ (Deleuze and Guattari) from outdated modes of subjectivity for many ‘white’ Germans; appropriating culture politics, and experimenting with forms of symbolically ‘becoming black’ represented a major cultural theme of the time. These tendencies resonated with: radical, anti-imperialist politics; countercultural sensibilities, where African American culture provided a radically contemporary critique of European modernity; the racialized, erotically charged logics of primitivism and romanticism in which ‘the repressed’ was to be brought back to the surface; and with a consumer-based economy and pop culture that supported the incorporation, domestication and aestheticisation of difference, desire and conflict. This article sketches the patterns, forms and politics of the cultural theme of Afro-Americanophilia in Germany at the time, stressing the links between politics and corporeality. In doing so, it illustrates that questions of race and racism were crucial for the 1968 conjuncture in Germany and it critically reviews the assumptions and implications of a specific form of hedonistic anti-racism in which ‘white’ European protagonists claimed ‘chains of equivalence’ (Laclau and Mouffe) between their position and that of people oppressed by racism and white supremacy. Two case studies illustrate different forms and common patterns. The first concerns a West Berlin network of radical-left groups that called itself ‘The Blues’ and combined militant political action (partly modelled on the activities of the Black Panther Party, according to some of its participants) with a countercultural sensibility. This included a felt connection to African American culture and stylistic practices. The second case study reviews the reception of soul music in the German music press and in countercultural circles, contrasting different readings of the supposedly ‘authentic.’ Overall, the article reconstructs practices of Afro-Americanophilia as ambiguous phenomena that foreshadow later forms of fetishistic cultural appropriation, but where, in some cases, the selective, erotically charged exoticism also led to tangible solidarity and strong connections.
The Malian Crisis: Multiple Actors with Diverse Interests and Values
Authors: Nizeimana John Bosco , Nhema Alfred Gwarega 
Published: September 2015

The African continent has registered the highest number of civil wars compared to other regions of the world. Although lasting peace and security have eluded the African continent, the tenacity to right wrongs and skirmishes within the continent has been real but abortive. The exclusionary political systems in Africa have created an environment in which various groups contending for power are excluded from the political and economic processes through various repressive measures. and the 2012 crisis is an event that testifies to this assertion. The involvement of France, regional and international organisations, state and non-state actors in the conflict attest to the fact that the Malian crisis was an event of multiple actors with diverse interests and values at stake. The paper observes that France’s role in the conflict was mainly more humanitarian than interest driven. However, the year 2015 became a defining moment in the history of Mali as it steered in a new phenomenon of peace accord aimed at renouncing the long lived rivalry between the southern and northern based societies.The aim of this paper is to analyse and provide a comprehensive understanding of the 2012 Malian crisis and come up with the necessary prescriptions aimed at ensuring durable peace that will facilitate social economic growth in the war torn country. To substantiate the central objective of this paper, the paper relied mainly on documentary search. Key Words: Exclusionary political systems, multiple actors, humanitarian and economic interests
Covariation of finite‐amplitude wave activity and the zonal mean flow in the midlatitude troposphere: 1. Theory and application to the Southern Hemisphere summer
Authors: Wang Lei , Nakamura Noboru 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTropospheric eddy‐mean flow interaction is formulated in terms of the vertically integrated budget of finite‐amplitude wave activity (FAWA). At each latitude the dynamics is governed by three coupled equations for the interior and surface FAWA and barotropic zonal mean zonal flow. In midlatitude austral summer, the budget reveals a largely adiabatic, antiphase covariation of FAWA and the mean flow. A marked periodicity is found for FAWA around 20–30 days, but not the mean flow, consistent with the recently discovered baroclinic annular mode. The difference in the spectra of FAWA and the mean flow arises from (i) distinct spectra of low‐level meridional eddy heat flux and the barotropic eddy momentum flux convergence and (ii) a strong thermal damping of surface wave activity: the latter makes the FAWA respond largely to the low‐level meridional eddy heat flux at low frequencies, whereas the zonal mean flow responds to the momentum flux convergence whose spectrum is broader and occupies higher frequencies.
Monitoring of biogenic amines and drugs of various therapeutic groups in urine samples with use of HPLC
Authors: Baranowska Irena , Płonka Joanna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous separation and determination of biogenic amines [dopamine, epinephrine, serotonin and its six metabolites (normetanephrine, metanephrine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenylglycol, homovanilic acid and 5‐hydroxyindoloacetic acid)] with drugs from different therapeutically groups [analgesics (paracetamol, metamizol), diuretics (furosemide) and antibiotics (cefazolin, fluconazole)] was developed. A chromatographic column with pre‐column with octadecylsilane phase (C18e) and two detectors – diode array serial connected and fluorescence – was used. Gradient elution of mixture of acetate buffer (pH 4.66) and methanol as a mobile phase was applied. The limit of detection (LOD) of 8–10 ng/mL and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 24–30 ng/mL for biogenic amines, as well as the LOD of 50–100 ng/mL and the LOQ of 150–300 ng/mL for drugs, were determined. The applied sample preparation method allowed recoveries of 93% for the biogenic amines and 92% for the drugs to be achieved. The developed procedure has been applied to simultaneous determination of the examined compounds in urine samples and could be used in clinical analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis gas production with simultaneous CO2 capturing and consuming: Application of chemical looping combustion by employing Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2 oxygen carriers
Authors: Abbasi Mohsen , Farniaei Mehdi , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza , Shariati Alireza , Abbasi Saeid 
Published: September 2015

In this study, thermal coupling of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and dry reforming of methane (DR) via employment of Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2 oxygen carriers (OCs) were investigated. The main aim of this configuration (CLC‐DR) is the prevention of large CO2 emissions to the atmosphere by CLC and simultaneous consumption of the captured gas to synthesis gas through a DR reaction. For this purpose, a steady state one‐dimensional heterogeneous catalytic reaction model is applied to analyze the performance and applicability of the proposed CLC‐DR configuration using both OCs. Simulation results indicate that for both OCs, combustion efficiency reaches 1 in the fuel reactor (FR) of CLC‐DR. Additionally, results illustrate that CH4 conversion in the DR side of CLC‐DR reaches 0.7235 and 0.7213 with Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2 OCs respectively.Results show that application of CLC‐DR employing Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2 OCs produces 8611 and 8585 kmol h−1 of synthesis gas, respectively. Synthesis gases with H2/CO mole ratios of 0.9519 and 0.9612 are achieved using Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2 OCs respectively. In addition, results demonstrate that by increasing the feed temperature of CLC‐DR from 800 to 1000 K, synthesis gas production reaches 11 210 and 11 340 kmol h−1 when using Fe45‐Al2O3 and Mn40/Mg–ZrO2, respectively.Finally, thermal and molar behaviours of CLC‐DR configuration indicate that it is applicable, and by utilization of this configuration 547.8 tonne day−1 can be captured and converted to synthesis gas.
Gully catchments as a sediment sink, not just a source: Results from a long‐term (~12 500 year) sediment budget
Authors: Larsen Annegret , Heckmann Tobias , Larsen Joshua R. , Bork Hans‐Rudolf 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSediment delivery from hillslopes to trunk streams represents a significant pathway of mass transfer in the landscape, with a large fraction facilitated by gully systems.The internal gully geomorphic dynamics represent a considerable gap in many landscape and empirical erosion models, therefore a better understanding of these processes over longer timescales (10–104 years) is needed. This study analyses the sediment mass balance and storage dynamics within a headwater gully catchment in central Europe over the last ~12 500 years. Human induced erosion resulted in hillslope erosion rates ~2.3 times higher than under naturally de‐vegetated conditions (during the Younger Dryas), however the total sediment inputs to the gully system (and therefore gully aggradation), were similar. Net gully storage has consistently increased to become the second largest term in the sediment budget after hillslope erosion (storage is ~45% and ~73% of inputs during two separate erosion and aggradation cycles). In terms of the depletion of gully sediment storage, the sediment mass balance shows that export beyond the gully fan was not significant until the last ~500 years, due to reduced gully fan accommodation space. The significance of storage effects on the gully sediment mass balance, particularly the export terms, means that it would be difficult to determine the influences of human impact and/or climatic changes from floodplain or lake sedimentary archives alone and that the sediment budgets of the headwater catchments from which they drain are more likely to provide these mechanistic links. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple finite element method for Stokes flows with surface tension using unfitted meshes
Authors: Ji H. , Zhang Q. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a simple finite element method for Stokes flows with surface tension. The method uses an unfitted mesh that is independent of the interface. Due to the surface force, the pressure has a jump across the interface. Based on the properties of the level set function that implicitly represents the interface, the jump of the pressure is removed, and a new problem without discontinuities is formulated. Then, classical stable finite element methods are applied to solve the new problem. Some techniques are used to show that the method is equivalent to an easy‐to‐implement method that can be regarded as a traditional method with a modified pressure space. However, the matrix of the resulting linear system of equations is the same as that of the traditional method. Optimal error estimates are derived for the proposed method. Finally, some numerical tests are presented to confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immuno‐chemistry of hydroxyl radical modified GAD‐65: A possible role in experimental and human diabetes mellitus
Authors: Moinuddin  , Ansari Nadeem A. , Shahab Uzma , Habeeb Safia , Ahmad Saheem 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe repertoire of known auto‐antigens is limited to a very small proportion of all human proteins, and the reason why only some proteins become auto‐antigens is unclear. The 65 kDa isoform of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD‐65) is a major auto‐antigen in type I diabetes, and in various neurological diseases. Most patients with type I diabetes (70–80%) have auto‐antibodies against GAD‐65, which often appear years before clinical onset of the autoimmune diabetes. Thus, the aim of the study is to focus on the immunogenicity of GAD65 and its reactive oxygen species (ROS) conformer in STZ‐induced diabetic rats and on human diabetic patients. In the present study, GAD‐65 was modified by hydroxyl radical following Fenton's reaction. The modifications in the structure of the GAD‐65 are supported by UV–vis and fluorescence spectral studies. Immunogenicity of both native and hydroxyl radical modified GAD‐65 (ROS‐GAD‐65) was studied in experimental rabbits and was confirmed by inducing type I diabetes in experimental male albino rats using streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). We found that ROS‐GAD‐65 was a better immunogen as compared to the native GAD‐65. A considerable high binding to ROS‐GAD‐65 was observed as compared to native GAD‐65 in both the serum antibodies from diabetes animal models and as well as in the serum samples of type I diabetes. Hydrogen peroxide under the exposure of UV light produces hydroxyl radical (·OH) which is most potent oxidant, and could cause protein damage (GAD‐65) to the extent of generating neo‐epitopes on the molecule, thus making it immunogenic. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(10):746–756, 2015
In vivo monitoring of the inflammatory response in a stented mouse aorta model
Authors: Kapnisis Konstantinos K. , Pitsillides Costas M. , Prokopi Marianna S. , Lapathitis George , Karaiskos Christos , Eleftheriou Polyvios C. , Brott Brigitta C. , Anderson Peter G. , Lemons Jack E. , Anayiotos Andreas S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe popularity of vascular stents continues to increase for a variety of applications, including coronary, lower limb, renal, carotid, and neurovascular disorders. However, their clinical effectiveness is hindered by numerous postdeployment complications, which may stimulate inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vessel inflammatory response via in vivo imaging in a mouse stent implantation model. Corroded and noncorroded self‐expanding miniature nitinol stents were implanted in mice abdominal aortas, and novel in vivo imaging techniques were used to assess trafficking and accumulation of fluorescent donor monocytes as well as cellular proliferation at the implantation site. Monocytes were quantitatively tracked in vivo and found to rapidly clear from circulation within hours after injection. Differences were found between the test groups with respect to the numbers of recruited monocytes and the intensity of the resulting fluorescent signal. Image analysis also revealed a subtle increase in matrix metalloproteinase activity in corroded compared with the normal stented aortas. In conclusion, this study has been successful in developing a murine stent inflammation model and applying novel in vivo imaging tools and methods to monitor the complex biological processes of the host vascular wall response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 227–238, 2016.
The cause and influence of sequentially assembling higher and lower deacetylated chitosans on the membrane formation of microcapsule
Authors: Zheng Guoshuang , Zheng Huizhen , Xie Hongguo , Liu Xiudong , Yu Weiting , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlginate‐chitosan (AC) microcapsules with desired strength and biocompatibility are preferred in cell‐based therapy. Sequential assembly of higher and lower deacetylated chitosans (C1 and C2) on alginate has produced AC1C2 microcapsule with improved membrane strength and biocompatibility. In this article, the assembly and complexation processes of two cationic chitosans on anionic alginate were concerned, and the cause and influence of sequentially assembling chitosans on AC1C2 microcapsules membrane formation were evaluated. It was found that C1 complexation was the key factor for deciding the membrane thickness of AC1C2 microcapsule. Specifically, the binding amount of C2 positively related to the binding amount of C1, which suggested the first layer by C1 complexation on alginate had no obvious resistance on the sequential cationic C2 complexation. Further analyses demonstrated that outward migration of alginate molecules and inward diffusion of both chitosans under electrostatic interaction contributed to the sequential coating of C2 on first C1 layer. Moreover, C2 complexation through the surface to inner layer of membrane helped smoothen the first layer by C1 complexation that displayed a synergy role on the formation of AC1C2 microcapsule membrane. Therefore, the two chitosans played different roles and synergistically contributed to membrane properties that can be easily regulated with membrane complexation time. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 257–263, 2016.