bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of peroxyacetyl nitrate and its impact on ozone over 2018–2022 in urban atmosphere
Authors: Lin Ziyi , Xu Lingling , Yang Chen , Chen Gaojie , Ji Xiaoting , Li Lingjun , Zhang Keran , Hong Youwei , Li Mengren , Fan Xiaolong , Hu Baoye , Zhang Fuwang , Chen Jinsheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important photochemical product and affects ozone (O3) formation in the troposphere. Yet, the long-term observation of PAN remains scarce, limiting the full understanding of its impacts on photochemical pollution. Here, we observed PAN from 2018 to 2022 in urban Fuzhou, Southeastern China. We found that, in contrast to upward trend of O3, PAN concentrations shown a significant decreasing trend at an average rate of −0.07 ppb/year. NO2, CO, UVB, and T contributed to the decreasing trend of PAN according to Machine learning analyses, while the effect of O3-represented atmospheric oxidation capacity on PAN was fluctuating from year to year. Chemical box model revealed active PA production and depletion in Fuzhou. Thus, despite the decreasing PAN concentration, PAN chemistry effectively promoted O3 formation by rising ROx levels, leading to increases of 2.18%–58.4% in net O3 production rate in different years. Our results provide valuable insights into the evolution of photochemical pollution in urban environments.
Gelatinous filter feeders increase ecosystem efficiency
Authors: Stukel Michael R. , Décima Moira , Fender Christian K. , Gutierrez-Rodriguez Andres , Selph Karen E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGelatinous filter feeders (e.g., salps, doliolids, and pyrosomes) have high filtration rates and can feed at predator:prey size ratios exceeding 10,000:1, yet are seldom included in ecosystem or climate models. We investigated foodweb and trophic dynamics in the presence and absence of salp blooms using traditional productivity and grazing measurements combined with compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino acids estimation of trophic position during Lagrangian framework experiments in the Southern Ocean. Trophic positions of salps ranging 10–132 mm in size were 2.2 ± 0.3 (mean ± std) compared to 2.6 ± 0.4 for smaller (mostly crustacean) mesozooplankton. The mostly herbivorous salp trophic position was maintained despite biomass dominance of ~10-µm-sized primary producers. We show that potential energy flux to >10-cm organisms increases by approximately an order of magnitude when salps are abundant, even without substantial alteration to primary production. Comparison to a wider dataset from other marine regions shows that alterations to herbivore communities are a better predictor of ecosystem transfer efficiency than primary-producer dynamics. These results suggest that diverse consumer communities and intraguild predation complicate climate change predictions (e.g., trophic amplification) based on linear food chains. These compensatory foodweb dynamics should be included in models that forecast marine ecosystem responses to warming and reduced nutrient supply.
Fingerprints of past volcanic eruptions can be detected in historical climate records using machine learning
Authors: Meuer Johannes , Timmreck Claudia , Fang Shih-Wei , Kadow Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAccurately interpreting past climate variability, especially distinguishing between forced and unforced changes, is challenging. Proxy data confirm the occurrence of large volcanic eruptions, but linking temperature patterns to specific events or origins is elusive. We present a method combining historical climate records with a machine learning model trained on climate simulations of various volcanic magnitudes and locations. This approach identifies volcanic events based solely on post-eruption temperature patterns. Validations with historical simulations and reanalysis products confirm the identification of significant volcanic events. Explainable artificial intelligence methods point to specific fingerprints in the temperature record that reveal key regions for classification and point to possible physical mechanisms behind climate disruption for major events. We detect unexpected climatic effects from smaller events and identify a northern extratropical footprint for the unidentified 1809 event. This provides an additional line of evidence for past volcanoes and refines our understanding of volcanic impacts on climate.
Children’s risk preferences vary across sexes, social contexts, and cultures
Authors: Stengelin Roman , Maurits Luke , Hepach Robert , Haun Daniel Benjamin Moritz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople exhibit more risk-prone behaviors when together with peers than when in private. The interplay of social context effects and other variables that alter human risk preferences (i.e., age, sex, or culture) remains poorly understood. Here, we explored risk preferences among Namibian Hai||om and Ovambo children (N = 144; AgeRange = 6–10 years). Participants chose between risky and safe options in private or during peer presence. In a third condition, children collaborated with peers before their risk preferences were assessed in those peers’ presence. Children from both societies were risk-averse, but Hai||om children showed greater risk aversion than their Ovambo counterparts. Across cultures and ages, boys were less averse to risks than girls. This effect was most pronounced during peer presence, whereas collaboration did not additionally affect risk preferences. These results suggest a dynamic interplay of individual, social, and cultural factors shaping children’s risk preferences.
CDK phosphorylation of Sfr1 downregulates Rad51 function in late-meiotic homolog invasions
Authors: Palacios-Blanco Inés , Gómez Lucía , Bort María , Mayerová Nina , Bágeľová Poláková Silvia , Martín-Castellanos Cristina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeiosis is the developmental program that generates gametes. To produce healthy gametes, meiotic recombination creates reciprocal exchanges between each pair of homologous chromosomes that facilitate faithful chromosome segregation. Using fission yeast and biochemical, genetic, and cytological approaches, we have studied the role of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) in the control of Swi5–Sfr1, a Rad51-recombinase auxiliary factor involved in homolog invasion during recombination. We show that Sfr1 is a CDK target, and its phosphorylation downregulates Swi5–Sfr1 function in the meiotic prophase. Expression of a phospho-mimetic sfr1-7D mutant inhibits Rad51 binding, its robust chromosome loading, and subsequently decreases interhomolog recombination. On the other hand, the non-phosphorylatable sfr1-7A mutant alters Rad51 dynamics at late prophase, and exacerbates chromatin segregation defects and Rad51 retention observed in dbl2 deletion mutants when combined with them. We propose Sfr1 phospho-inhibition as a novel cell-cycle-dependent mechanism, which ensures timely resolution of recombination intermediates and successful chromosome distribution into the gametes. Furthermore, the N-terminal disordered part of Sfr1, an evolutionarily conserved feature, serves as a regulatory platform coordinating this phospho-regulation, protein localization and stability, with several CDK sites and regulatory sequences being conserved.
Can we rely on EUV emission to identify coronal waveguides?
Authors: Kohutova P. , Antolin P. , Szydlarski M. , Poirier N. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Traditional models of coronal oscillations rely on a modelling of the coronal structures that support them as compact cylindrical waveguides. An alternative model of the structure of the corona has recently been proposed, in which the thin strand-like coronal loops, that are observed in the extreme-UV (EUV) emission are the result of the line-of-sight integration of warps in more complex coronal structures. This is referred to as the coronal veil model.
Aims. We extend the implications of the coronal veil model of the solar corona to models of coronal oscillations.
Methods. Using convection-zone-to-corona simulations with the radiation-magnetohydrodynamics (rMHD) code Bifrost, we analysed the structure of the self-consistently formed simulated corona. We focused on the spatial variability of the volumetric emissivity of the Fe IX 171.073 Å EUV line and on the variability of the Alfvén speed, which captures the density and magnetic structuring of the simulated corona. We traced features associated with large magnitudes of the Alfvén speed gradient, which trap MHD waves and act as coronal waveguides. We searched for the correspondence with emitting regions, which appear as strand-like loops in the line-of-sight-integrated EUV emission.
Results. We find that the cross sections of the waveguides bounded by large Alfvén speed gradients become less circular and more distorted with increasing height in the solar atmosphere. The waveguide filling factors corresponding to the fraction of the waveguides filled with plasma that emits in the given EUV wavelength range from 0.09–0.44. This suggests that we can only observe a small fraction of the waveguide. Similarly, the projected waveguide widths in the plane of the sky are several times larger than the widths of the apparent loops that are observed in the EUV.
Conclusions. We conclude that the coronal veil structure is independent of the model. As a result, we find a lack of straightforward correspondence between peaks in the integrated emission profile that constitute apparent coronal loops and regions of plasma bound by a large Alfvén speed gradient that act as waveguides. Coronal waveguides cannot be reliably identified based on emission in a single EUV wavelength is not reliable in the simulated corona formed in convection-zone-to-corona models.
Mass determination of two Jupiter-sized planets orbiting slightly evolved stars: TOI-2420 b and TOI-2485 b
Authors: Carleo Ilaria , Barrágan Oscar , Persson Carina M. , Fridlund Malcolm , Lam Kristine W. F. , Messina Sergio , Gandolfi Davide , Smith Alexis M. S. , Johnson Marshall C. , Cochran William , Osborne Hannah L. M. , Brahm Rafael , Ciardi David R. , Collins Karen A. , Everett Mark E. , Giacalone Steven , Guenther Eike W. , Hatzes Artie , Hellier Coel , Horner Jonathan , Kabáth Petr , Korth Judith , MacQueen Phillip , Masseron Thomas , Murgas Felipe , Nowak Grzegorz , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Watkins Cristilyn N. , Wittenmyer Rob , Zhou George , Ziegler Carl , Bieryla Allyson , Boyd Patricia T. , Clark Catherine A. , Dressing Courtney D. , Eastman Jason D. , Eberhardt Jan , Endl Michael , Espinoza Nestor , Fausnaugh Michael , Guerrero Natalia M. , Henning Thomas , Hesse Katharine , Hobson Melissa J. , Howell Steve B. , Jordán Andrés , Latham David W. , Lund Michael B. , Mireles Ismael , Narita Norio , Tala Pinto Marcelo , Pugh Teznie , Quinn Samuel N. , Ricker George , Rodriguez David R. , Rojas Felipe I. , Rose Mark E. , Rudat Alexander , Sarkis Paula , Savel Arjun B. , Schlecker Martin , Schwarz Richard P. , Seager Sara , Shporer Avi , Smith Jeffrey C. , Stassun Keivan G. , Stockdale Chris , Trifonov Trifon , Vanderspek Roland , Winn Joshua N. , Wright Duncan 
Published: August 2024

Context. Hot and warm Jupiters might have undergone the same formation and evolution path, but the two populations exhibit different distributions of orbital parameters. This challenges our understanding of their actual origin.
Aims. We report the results of our warm Jupiters survey, which was carried out with the CHIRON spectrograph within the KESPRINT collaboration. We addressed the question of the population origin by studying two planets that might help to bridge the gap between the two populations.
Methods. We confirm two planets and determine their mass. One is a hot Jupiter (with an orbital period shorter than 10 days), TOI-2420 b, and the other is a warm Jupiter, TOI-2485 b. We analyzed them using a wide variety of spectral and photometric data in order to characterize these planetary systems.
Results. We found that TOI-2420 b has an orbital period of Pb=5.8 days, a mass of Mb=0.9 MJ, and a radius of Rb=1.3 RJ, with a planetary density of 0.477 g cm−3. TOI-2485 b has an orbital period of Pb=11.2 days, a mass of Mb=2.4 MJ, and a radius of Rb=1.1 RJ with a density of 2.36 g cm−3.
Conclusions. With the current parameters, the migration history for TOI-2420 b and TOI-2485 b is unclear: Scenarios of a high-eccentricity migration cannot be ruled out, and the characteristics of TOI-2485 b even support this scenario.
Unveiling the chemical fingerprint of phosphorus-rich stars
Authors: Brauner Maren , Pignatari Marco , Masseron Thomas , García-Hernández D. A. , Lugaro Maria 
Published: August 2024

Context. The atmospheres of phosphorus-rich (P-rich) stars have been shown to contain between 10 and 100 times more P than our Sun. Given its crucial role as an essential element for life, it is especially necessary to uncover the origin of P-rich stars to gain insights into the still unknown nucleosynthetic formation pathways of P in our Galaxy.
Aims. Our objective is to obtain the extensive chemical abundance inventory of four P-rich stars, covering a large range of heavy (Z > 30) elements. This characterization will serve as a milestone for the nuclear astrophysics community to uncover the processes that form the unique chemical fingerprint of P-rich stars.
Methods. We performed a detailed 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium abundance analysis on the optical UVES spectra of four P-rich stars. The abundance measurements, complemented with upper-limit estimates, included 48 light and heavy elements. Our focus lay on the neutron-capture elements (Z > 30), in particular, on the elements between Sr and Ba, as well as on Pb, as they provide valuable constraints to nucleosynthesis calculations. In past works, we showed that the heavy-element observations from the first P-rich stars are not compatible with either classical s-process or r-process abundance patterns. In this work, we compare the obtained abundances with three different nucleosynthetic scenarios: a single i-process, a double i-process, and a combination of s- and i-processes.
Results. We have performed the most extensive abundance analysis of P-rich stars to date, including the elements between Sr and Ba, such as Ag, which are rarely measured in any type of stars. We also estimated constraining upper limits for Cd I, In I, and Sn I. We found overabundances with respect to solar in the s-process peak elements, accompanied by an extremely high Ba abundance and slight enhancements in some elements between Rb and Sn. No global solution explaining all four stars could be found for the nucleosynthetic origin of the pattern. The model that produces the least number of discrepancies in three of the four stars is a combination of s- and i-processes, but the current lack of extensive multidimensional hydrodynamic simulations to follow the occurrence of the i-process in different types of stars makes this scenario highly uncertain.
Similar complications and outcomes with simultaneous versus staged bilateral total hip arthroplasty with the direct anterior approach: A comparative study
Authors: Koutserimpas Christos , Rob Edouard , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) has demonstrated similar clinical outcomes to staged bilateral THA. However, there is scarce data regarding the early postoperative complications. This study compares simultaneous to staged bilateral THA with the direct anterior approach (DAA) regarding early complications and revision surgeries. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included all bilateral THAs, performed by DAA between 2013 and 2021 with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. A total of 264 THAs (132 patients) were identified [simultaneous group (1T): 58 patients; staged group (2T): 74] with a mean follow-up of 54 months. Complications and revisions, clinical outcomes, and days off work were assessed at the last follow-up. Moreover, blood loss was evaluated by the modified method of Mercuriali and Inghilleri. Results: Blood loss was higher in the 1T group (1003 mL 1T vs. 740 mL 2T; p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference in transfusion rates (5% 1T vs. 3% 2T; p = 0.4). There were no complications in 1T, while the complication rate was 5.2% (n = 6) in 2T (p = 0.012). There were 5 revisions in the 2T group, including 2 debridements with polyethylene exchange and implant retention for early infections, 2 revisions for aseptic loosening in the same patient, and 1 revision due to fracture. Postoperative pain on D3 was equivalent in both groups (4.2 1T vs. 4.3 2T; p = 0.79). The improvement in function according to the HHS at 2 months was better in the 1T group, but not significant (36.8 1T vs. 32.9 2T; p = 0.05). The total number of days off work was significantly higher in the 2T group (82.6 days vs. 178.8; p = 0.025). Discussion: Simultaneous bilateral THA with the DAA seems to be a safe procedure, with no risk of increased early postoperative complications when compared to the staged procedure with similar functional outcomes and significantly fewer complications and days off work.
Empfehlung für Leukozytapheresen zur
CAR-T-Zell-Herstellung
Authors: Worel Nina , Bonig Halvard 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAutologe chimäre Antigenrezeptor-modifizierte (CAR-) T-Zellen bieten erhebliche
Vorteile für Patienten mit ansonsten refraktären malignen Erkrankungen. Die
derzeit zugelassenen CAR-T-Zell-Produkte werden zur Behandlung von malignen
B-Zell-Erkrankungen wie akuter B-zelliger lymphatischer Leukämie (B-ALL),
B-Zell-Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom und Multiplem Myelom eingesetzt. Da sich die
klinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für CAR-T-Zellen kontinuierlich ausweiten,
müssen Behandlungszentren, die sich noch nicht mit dem therapeutischen Einsatz
von Immuneffektorzellen befasst haben, die erforderlichen Kapazitäten und
Fachkenntnisse aufbauen.Die Apherese ist ein extrakorporales Verfahren, mit dem das Ausgangsmaterial für
die Herstellung von CAR-T-Zellen gewonnen wird. Dieser Leitfaden enthält
Überlegungen zur Feststellung der Aphereseeignung des Patienten und gibt
hilfreiche Hinweise zur Durchführung des Aphereseverfahrens, um die Gewinnung
der Leukozyten zur weiteren Herstellung von CAR-T-Zellen zu optimieren. Er ist
jedoch kein Ersatz für die umfassende Ausbildung, die erforderlich ist, um
qualitativ hochwertige Apheresen in Übereinstimmung mit nationalen und
internationalen Vorschriften durchzuführen, und er ersetzt auch nicht die
Notwendigkeit, die zelluläre Zusammensetzung und die biologische Sicherheit zu
bewerten.
Herstellung von Granulozytenkonzentraten ohne
Hydroxyethylstärke
Authors: Offner Robert 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie therapeutische Verwendung von Hydroxyethylstärke (HES) unterliegt wegen der
Risiken besonderen Auflagen. Inzwischen wird auch von dessen Anwendung als
Sedimentationsbeschleuniger in der Gewinnung und Herstellung von
Granulozytenkonzentraten (GK) abgeraten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird
vorgestellt, wie statt HES (HESpan 6%) modifizierte flüssige Gelatine (4%
Gelafundin) als Alternative eingesetzt werden kann. Hierzu wird in der
Klinikapotheke eine Mischung von Gelafundin 4% und Seracit 1M steril
angefertigt. Unsere mehr als siebenjährige Erfahrung damit zeigt, dass der
Austausch von HES gegen Gelafundin möglich ist, selbst, wenn HES hinsichtlich
des mittleren Ertrages etwas überlegen ist. Die bedarfsgerechte und
therapeutisch effektive Menge an Granulozyten ist mit einer mittleren
Konzentration von 4,5 x 1010 (2 GK pro Spende) durchaus erreichbar.
Die Verträglichkeit seitens der Spender war einwandfrei. Empfängerseitig wurden
in sieben Jahren drei nicht schwerwiegende unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen
(UAW) (allergische, febrile) festgestellt. Gelafundin ist also eine geeignete
Alternative zu HESpan.
Auflösung einer KEL1 Diskrepanz als Fallbeispiel der
haplotypspezifischen Nanopore-Sequenzierung von Blutgruppengenen
Authors: Thun Gian-Andri , Gueuning Morgan , Merki Yvonne , Niederberger Nadine , Trost Nadine , Sigurdardottir Sonja , Engström Charlotte , Mattle-Greminger Maja P. , Meyer Stefan 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der starken Immunogenität des KEL1-Antigens ist dessen Erhebung oft Teil
der routinemäßigen Spendertypisierung. Am Blutspendezentrum Zürich wird KEL1
serologisch als auch genetisch mittels Hochdurchsatzgenotypisierung bestimmt.
Genotyp-Phänotypdiskrepanzen werden normalerweise durch eine aufwendige
Sanger-Sequenzierung aller 19 Exons gelöst, welche jedoch keine Erstellung von
Haplotypen zulässt. Hier präsentieren wir ein alternatives Vorgehen, das auf der
neuesten Sequenzierungstechnologie von Oxford Nanopore Technologies basiert und
die Generierung von Haplotypen ganzer Gene ermöglicht.Zur Ermittlung der KEL1-Expression kamen serologische Standardmethoden zur
Anwendung. Vier Varianten innerhalb des KEL-Gens waren Teil der auf
MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie basierenden Hochdurchsatz genotypisierung,
darunter c.578C>T, welches die KEL1/2-Expression bestimmt. Die Bestätigung
diskrepanter Ergebnisse erfolgte mittels PCR-SSP und serologischen
Untersuchungen zur Antigenexpressionsstärke wie Adsorptions-Elutionsanalysen und
Durchflusszytometrie. Zur Auflösung einer Diskrepanz bei einem Spender
amplifizierten wir das ~21 kb lange KEL mit zwei sich um 4.4 kb
überlappenden «long-range» PCRs von 12.7 kb und 14.3 kb Länge. Die Überlappung
war dabei für die Haplotypisierung wesentlich. Die Nanopore-Sequenzierung der
PCR-Amplifikate erfolgte auf einer Flongle flow cell, und die detektierten
exonischen Varianten wurden durch Sanger-Sequenzierung bestätigt.Wir identifizierten einen heterozygoten KEL*01/02-Blutspender mit einem
KEL:-1,2 (K-k+) Phänotyp. Diese Diskrepanz wies auf ein Null-Allel
(KEL*01N) hin. Die Analyse der Probe ergab eine bisher bei der ISBT
noch nicht beschriebene Missense-Variante in Exon 11 (c.1241C>A, p.Thr414Lys,
rs1384232704), welche dem KEL*01-Allel zugeordnet werden konnte. Da kein
KEL1-Antigen auf der Oberfläche der Erythrozyten nachweisbar war, wurde die
Genvariante als Null-Allel definiert.Mit Hilfe der Nanopore-Sequenzierung konnten wir eine Diskrepanz zwischen Genotyp
und Phänotyp innerhalb kurzer Zeit auflösen und ein neues KEL*01N-Allel
beschreiben. Die Long-Read Technologie vereinfachte maßgeblich die
Haplotypisierung des KEL-Gens und dies in einem kostengünstigen sowie
zeitsparenden Verfahren, welches sich auch für die Abklärung von
Genotyp-Phänotypdiskrepanzen in vielen anderen Blutgruppensystemen eignet.