bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in managing type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamrul-Hasan A.B.M. , Dutta Deep , Nagendra Lakshmi , Sharma Meha , Patra Shinjan , Bhattacharya Saptarshi 
Published: July 2024

Background:
No comprehensive meta-analysis has examined and consolidated the effectiveness and safety of anagliptin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). To bridge this knowledge gap, we undertook this meta-analysis.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials involving patients with T2D receiving anagliptin were sought after through electronic databases. The control arm consisted of either an active comparator (active control group [ACG]) or a placebo (passive control group [PCG]). The primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with secondary outcomes including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and lipid profiles and adverse events.

Results:
From the 226 articles first examined, 10 randomized controlled trials with 970 participants were analyzed. Reductions in HbA1c (mean difference [MD]: −0.03%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.14 to 0.14, P = .51, I
2 = 9%) and FPG (MD: 0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.30 to 0.35, P = .87, I
2 = 42%) were similar in the anagliptin group and ACG. Anagliptin reduced FPG better than placebo (MD: −1.25 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.87 to −0.64, P < .0001, I
2 = 0%). Sufficient data were unavailable to analyze the HbA1c lowering with anagliptin versus placebo. Among the lipid parameters, changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B48, and apolipoprotein B100 were identical between the anagliptin and control groups (PCG and ACG). Anagliptin was better than ACG at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not as good at lowering triglyceride. Adverse events were infrequent and similar in the anagliptin and control groups (PCG and ACG).

Conclusion:
Anagliptin positively affects glucose control and is safe for managing T2D. Its low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effect warrants further investigation.
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy with anti-NMDAR and sulfatide-IgG-positive encephalitis overlap syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cui Ruo-mei , Fan Fu-rong , Ma Shou-hong , Li Hua , Li Jin-chun , Wen Yu , Liu Ming-wei 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects the meninges, brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. GFAP astrocytopathy can coexist with a variety of antibodies, which is known as overlap syndrome. Anti-NMDAR-positive encephalitis overlap syndrome has been reported; however, encephalitis overlap syndrome with both anti-NMDAR and sulfatide-IgG positivity has not been reported.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 50-year-old male who was drowsy and had chills and weak limbs for 6 months. His symptoms worsened after admission to our hospital with persistent high fever, dysphoria, gibberish, and disturbance of consciousness. Positive cerebrospinal fluid NMDA, GFAP antibodies, and serum sulfatide antibody IgG were positive.

Diagnoses:
Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with anti-NMDAR and sulfatide-IgG-positive encephalitis overlap syndrome.

Interventions:
In addition to ventilator support and symptomatic supportive treatment, step-down therapy with methylprednisolone (1000 mg/d, halved every 3 days) and pulse therapy with human immunoglobulin (0.4 g/(kg d) for 5 days) were used.

Outcomes:
After 6 days of treatment, the patient condition did not improve, and the family signed up to give up the treatment and left the hospital.

Conclusions:
Patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy may be positive for anti-NMDAR and sulfatide-IgG, and immunotherapy may be effective in patients with severe conditions.

Lessons:
Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with nonspecific symptoms is rarely reported and is easy to be missed and misdiagnosed. GFAP astrocytopathy should be considered in patients with fever, headache, disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, and central infections that do not respond to antibacterial and viral agents. Autoimmune encephalopathy-related antibody testing should be performed as soon as possible, early diagnosis should be confirmed, and immunomodulatory therapy should be administered promptly.
We Rely on Relationships
Authors: Anderson Amanda Joy , Bowen Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of Study:
Care coordination occurring across multiple sectors of care, such as when professionals in health or social service organizations collaborate to transition patients from hospitals to community-based settings like homeless shelters, happens regularly in practice. While health services research is full of studies on the experiences of case management and care coordination professionals within health care settings, few studies highlight the perspective of nonclinical homeless service providers (HSPs) in coordinating care transitions.

Primary Practice Setting:
This study explores the experience of nonclinical HSPs, employed in a large homeless service agency in New York, United States, responsible for coordinating care transitions of patients presenting to a homeless shelter after hospitalization, with attention to COVID-19 impact.

Methodology and Sample:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with providers at three hierarchical levels (frontline, managerial, and executive). The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The implementation science framework Normalization Process Theory was used to structure semi-deductive coding categories.

Results:
The findings included three major themes that highlight promoting and inhibiting factors in care coordination, including a reliance on informal relationships, the impact of strong hierarchical structures, and a lack of collaborative cross-sector information exchange pathways. Altogether, findings offer insights from an infrequently studied professional group engaging in cross-sector care coordination for a high-risk population. Operational insights can inform future research to ensure that the implementation of interventions to improve cross-sector care coordination is evidence-based.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
This study of nonclinical HSPs facilitating care transitions demonstrates the importance of understanding this critical provider population. Opportunities for acute care case managers and administrators include the importance of relationships, reciprocal education on the differences in work settings, and the need for administrative structure to ensure complex clinical information is effectively translated.
Schatzker IV tibial plateau fractures: are they always unicondylar?
Authors: Vogel Michael , Hoffman Alexander , Revak Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and morphology of medial tibial plateau fractures that extend into the lateral articular surface and to describe trends in their management.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Level I Urban Trauma Center.

Patients:
Seventy consecutive patients sustaining OTA/AO 41 B1 and B3 fractures.

Intervention:
Open reduction internal fixation of medial tibial plateau fractures.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Incidence of medial tibial plateau fractures that extend into the lateral articular surface. Secondary outcomes include localization of lateral articular surface depression, neurovascular injury, and trends in surgical management.

Results:
Seventy patients were included with 9 fractures (12.9%) isolated to the medial condyle (MC) and 61 fractures (87.1%) extending to the lateral condyle (LC). Compartment syndrome was present in 2 patients (2.9%), peroneal nerve palsy in 2 (2.9%), and arterial injury in 1 (1.4%). Initial external fixation was used more frequently in the LC group compared with the MC group (P = 0.028). Of the 61 fractures in the LC group, 49 (80.3%) included lateral articular surface depression which localized to the posteromedial quadrant of the lateral articular surface in 36 of 49 fractures (73.5%). Lateral articular surface depression depth ≥10.6 mm was associated with the use of dual incisions (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Schatzker IV fractures frequently extend to the lateral condyle and often present with depression of the posteromedial lateral articular surface. Fractures with lateral articular surface depression depth ≥10.6 mm were more likely to undergo fixation with dual incisions.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level IV.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Postoperative Nutritional Status Between Early and Late Oral Feeding After Esophagectomy
Authors: Na Kwon Joong , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Ran , Kang Mi Jin , Song Eun Hwa , Jang Eun Joo , Park Samina , Lee Hyun Joo , Park In Kyu , Kim Young Tae 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To compare nutritional and postoperative outcomes between early oral feeding and late oral feeding with jejunostomy feeding support after esophagectomy.

Background:
Esophagectomy is associated with substantial body weight loss and malnutrition, impacting the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Despite many studies on postesophagectomy nutritional support, optimal strategies remain elusive. This study investigates the impact of jejunostomy feeding with late oral feeding compared to conventional oral feeding on nutritional and postoperative outcomes.

Methods:
We performed a single-center prospective open-labelled randomized controlled trial between 2020 and 2022. Patients aged 18 to 75 years with resectable esophageal cancer were randomly assigned to undergo either early oral feeding (early group) or late oral feeding with jejunostomy feeding support (late group) after esophagectomy. The primary endpoint was body weight loss from preoperative body weight at postoperative 4 to 5 weeks and 4 months. Other perioperative and nutritional outcomes were also evaluated.

Results:
We randomly assigned 29 patients to the early group and 29 patients to the late group. The late group exhibited significantly less body weight loss at both postoperative 4 to 5 weeks (8.3% vs. 5.6%; P=0.002) and 4 months (15.0% vs. 10.5%; P=0.003). The total calorie intake and protein intake were higher in the late group for both postoperative 4 to 5 weeks (1800 kcal/day vs. 1100 kcal/day; P<0.001) and 4 months (1565 kcal/day vs. 1200 kcal/day; P=0.010). Sixty percentage of the early group changed to malnutrition state, while 40% of the late group changed to malnutrition. The complication rate and length of hospital stays were similar.

Conclusions:
The late group demonstrated prevention of significant body weight loss, enhanced nutritional intake, and reduced malnutrition without compromising short-term surgical outcomes.
A trauma expert consensus: Capabilities are required early to improve survivability from traumatic injury
Authors: Gurney Jennifer M. , Kotwal Russ S. , Holcomb John B. , Staudt Amanda M. , Eastridge Brian , Sirkin Max , Jensen Shane , Shackelford Stacy , Sonka Brian J. , Wilson Justin , Montgomery Harold , Gross Kirby , Warren Wendy , Mazuchowski Edward , Rohrer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Mortality reviews examine US military fatalities resulting from traumatic injuries during combat operations. These reviews are essential to the evolution of the military trauma system to improve individual, unit, and system-level trauma care delivery and inform trauma system protocols and guidelines. This study identifies specific prehospital and hospital interventions with the potential to provide survival benefits.

METHODS
US Special Operations Command fatalities with battle injuries deemed potentially survivable (2001–2021) were extracted from previous mortality reviews. A military trauma review panel consisting of trauma surgeons, forensic pathologists, and prehospital and emergency medicine specialists conducted a methodical review to identify prehospital, hospital, and resuscitation interventions (e.g., laparotomy, blood transfusion) with the potential to have provided a survival benefit.

RESULTS
Of 388 US Special Operations Command battle-injured fatalities, 100 were deemed potentially survivable. Of these (median age, 29 years; all male), 76.0% were injured in Afghanistan, and 75% died prehospital. Gunshot wounds were in 62.0%, followed by blast injury (37%), and blunt force injury (1.0%). Most had a Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity classified as 4 (severe) (55.0%) and 5 (critical) (41.0%). The panel recommended 433 interventions (prehospital, 188; hospital, 315). The most recommended prehospital intervention was blood transfusion (95%), followed by finger/tube thoracostomy (47%). The most common hospital recommendations were thoracotomy and definitive vascular repair. Whole blood transfusion was assessed for each fatality: 74% would have required ≥10 U of blood, 20% would have required 5 to 10 U, 1% would have required 1 to 4 U, and 5% would not have required blood products to impact survival. Five may have benefited from a prehospital laparotomy.

CONCLUSION
This study systematically identified capabilities needed to provide a survival benefit and examined interventions needed to inform trauma system efforts along the continuum of care. The determination was that blood transfusion and massive transfusion shortly after traumatic injury would impact survival the most.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level V.
Mastering multicasualty trauma care with the Trauma Non-technical Skills Scale
Authors: Regev Stav , Mitchnik Ilan Y. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Multicasualty events present complex medical challenges. This is the first study to investigate the role of nontechnical skills in prehospital multicasualty trauma care. We assessed the feasibility of using the Trauma Nontechnical Skills Scale (T-NOTECHS) instrument, which has not yet been investigated to evaluate these scenarios.

METHODS
We conducted an observational study involving military medical teams with Israel Defense Forces Military Trauma Life Support training to assess the T-NOTECHS' utility in predicting prehospital medical team performance during multicasualty event simulations. These teams were selected from a pool of qualified military Advanced Life Support providers. Simulations were conducted in a dedicated facility resembling a field setting, with video recordings to ensure data accuracy. Teams faced a single multicasualty scenario, assessed by two instructors, and were evaluated using a 37-item checklist. The T-NOTECHS scores were analyzed using regression models to predict simulation performance.

RESULTS
We included 27 teams for analysis, led by 28% physicians and 72% paramedics. Interrater reliability for simulation performance and T-NOTECHS scores showed good agreement. Overall T-NOTECHS scores were positively correlated with simulation performance scores (R = 0.546, p < 0.001). Each T-NOTECHS domain correlated with simulation performance. The Communication and Interaction domain explained a unique part of the variance (β = 0.406, p = 0.047). Assessment and Decision Making had the highest correlation (R = 0.535, p < 0.001). These domains significantly predicted specific items on the simulation performance checklist. Cooperation and Resource Management showed the least correlation with checklist items.

CONCLUSION
This study confirms the T-NOTECHS' reliability in predicting prehospital trauma team performance during multicasualty scenarios. Key nontechnical skills, especially Communication and Interaction, and Assessment and Decision Making, play vital roles. These findings underscore the importance of training in these skills to enhance trauma care in such scenarios, offering valuable insights for medical team preparation.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level III.
Complexities of autonomy in military medical ethics: A brief report
Authors: Applewhite Megan K. , Girton Joshua , Bader Christine , Kaniaru Anthony , Martin Matthew , Holcomb John B. , Gurney Jennifer M. , Yelon Jay , Lough Frederick 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The first Fallen Surgeons Military Educational Symposium was convened in conjunction with the the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) 23 meeting, under the guidance of the AAST Military Liaison Committee. The daylong session included a 1.5-hour segment on military medical ethics in combat and its unique challenges. Medical ethical issues arise frequently within the military across a range of varied circumstances, from the day-to-day operations of stateside forces to the complexities of deployed troops in theaters of conflict. Given the scope of these circumstances, preparation and advanced planning are the key to addressing and resolving the ethical issues that occur. The goal of this session was to present illustrative cases, not to prescribe solutions, and to make the attendees aware of some of the challenges they may encounter when deployed.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in reducing depressive symptoms during the peripartum period
Authors: Ganho-Ávila Ana , Sobral Mónica , Berg Mijke Lambregtse-van den 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
To present the latest data on the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in peripartum depression (PPD), complemented by notes emerging from our clinical and research experience.

Recent findings
TMS and tDCS show promising results to manage mild to moderate depressive symptoms in the peripartum period. Evidence of TMS efficacy during pregnancy and the postpartum comes from two small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with encouraging but still inconsistent results. Evidence of tDCS efficacy during pregnancy comes from one small RCT and in the postpartum the first RCT is just now being conducted and results are highly expected. The safety profile (with transient mild adverse effect to women and no known risk to the foetus/newborn) and acceptability by women seems overall good. However, the perspectives from health professionals and managers are unclear.

Summary
Whereas TMS accelerated protocols (e.g., more than one session/day) and shorter sessions (e.g., theta burst stimulation) could address the need for fast results in PPD, home-based tDCS systems could address accessibility issues. Currently, the evidence on the efficacy of TMS and tDCS in PPD is limited warranting further research to support stronger evidence-based clinical guidelines.
Aquibaculum arenosum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Rhodovibrionaceae, isolated from sea sand
Authors: Ahn Soyeon , Choi David Hyung-Sun , Weerawongwiwat Veeraya , Kim Jong-Hwa , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Kim Wonyong 
Published: July 2024

A Gram-negative, non-motile, and creamy-white coloured bacterium, designated CAU 1616T, was isolated from sea sand collected at Ayajin Beach, Goseong-gun, Republic of Korea. The bacterium was found to grow optimally at 37 °C, pH 8.0–8.5, and with 1–5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain CAU 1616T within the order Rhodospirillales. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was to Fodinicurvata fenggangensis YIM D812T (94.1 %), Fodinicurvata sediminis YIM D82T (93.7 %), Fodinicurvata halophila BA45ALT (93.6 %) and Algihabitans albus HHTR 118T (92.3 %). Comparing strain CAU 1616T with closely related species (Fodinicurvata fenggangensis YIM D812T and Fodinicurvata sediminis YIM D82T), the average nucleotide identity based on blast+ values were 69.7–69.8 %, the average amino acid identity values were 61.3–61.4 %, and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 18.4–18.5 %. The assembled draft genome of strain CAU 1616T had 29 contigs with an N50 value of 385.8 kbp, a total length of 3 490 371 bp, and a DNA G+C content of 65.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 2−OH, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c and/or C18 : 1
ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain CAU 1616T represents a novel genus in the family Rhodovibrionaceae, for which the name Aquibaculum arenosum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1616T (=KCTC 82428T=MCCC 1K06089T).
High-speed three-dimensional random access scanning with SPARCLS
Authors: Berlage Caroline , Böhm Urs L. , Moreno Ana Sanchez , Ledderose Julia , Gidon Albert , Larkum Matthew E. , Plested Andrew , Judkewitz Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh-speed volumetric imaging is crucial for observing fast and distributed processes such as neuronal activity. Multiphoton microscopy helps to mitigate scattering effects inside tissue, but the standard raster scanning approach limits achievable volume rates. Random-access scanning can lead to a considerable speed-up by sampling only pre-selected locations, but existing techniques based on acousto-optic deflectors are still limited to a point rate of up to ∼50 kHz. This limits the number of parallel targets at the high acquisition rates necessary, for example, in voltage imaging or imaging of fast synaptic events.Here we introduce SPARCLS, a method for 3D random-access scanning at up to 340 kHz point rate using a single 1D phase modulator. We show the potential of this method by imaging synaptic events with fluorescent glutamate sensors in mammalian organotypic slices as well as in zebrafish larvae.
Dynamic control of neural manifolds
Authors: Lehr Andrew B. , Kumar Arvind , Tetzlaff Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the central nervous system, sequences of neural activity form trajectories on low dimensional neural manifolds. The neural computation underlying flexible cognition and behavior relies on dynamic control of these structures. For example different tasks or behaviors are represented on different subspaces, requiring fast timescale subspace rotation to move from one behavior to the next. For flexibility in a particular behavior, the neural trajectory must be dynamically controllable within that behaviorally determined subspace. To understand how dynamic control of neural trajectories and their underlying subspaces may be implemented in neural circuits, we first characterized the relationship between features of neural activity sequences and aspects of the low dimensional projection. Based on this, we propose neural mechanisms that can act within local circuits to modulate activity sequences thereby controlling neural trajectories in low dimensional subspaces. In particular, we show that gain modulation and transient synaptic currents control the speed and path of neural trajectories and clustered inhibition determines manifold orientation. Together, these neural mechanisms may enable a substrate for fast timescale computation on neural manifolds.
Quantifying the massive pleiotropy of microRNA: a human microRNA-disease causal association database generated with ChatGPT
Authors: Rowan Wang K. , Hecker Julian , McGeachie Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as key regulatory factors in numerous human diseases, with the same miRNA often involved in several diseases simultaneously or being identified as a biomarker for dozens of separate diseases. While of evident biological importance, miRNA pleiotropy remains poorly understood, and quantifying this could greatly aid in understanding the broader role miRNAs play in health and disease. To this end, we introduce miRAIDD (miRNA Artificial Intelligence Disease Database), a comprehensive database of human miRNA-disease causal associations constructed using large language models (LLM). Through this endeavor, we provide two entirely novel contributions: 1) we systematically quantify miRNA pleiotropy, a property of evident translational importance; and 2) describe biological and bioinformatic characteristics of miRNAs which lead to increased pleiotropy. Further, we provide our code, database, and experience using AI LLMs to the broader research community.