bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Occasion Specificity in the Assessment of DSM-5 Maladaptive	Personality Traits
Authors: Zimmermann Johannes , Mayer Axel , Leising Daniel , Krieger Tobias , grosse Holtforth Martin , Pretsch Johanna 
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The alternative classification system for personality disorders in DSM-5 features a hierarchical model of maladaptive personality traits. This trait model comprises five broad trait domains and 25 specific trait facets that can be reliably assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Although there is a steadily growing literature on the validity of the PID-5, issues of temporal stability and situational influences on test scores are currently unexplored. We addressed these issues using a sample of 611 research participants who completed the PID-5 three times, with time intervals of 2 months. Latent state-trait (LST) analyses for each of the 25 PID-5 trait facets showed that, on average, 79.5% of the variance was due to stable traits (i.e., consistency), and 7.7% of the variance was due to situational factors (i.e., occasion specificity). Our findings suggest that the PID-5 trait facets predominantly capture individual differences that are stable across time.
Demonstration of polarization-insensitive spatial light modulation using a single polarization-sensitive spatial light modulator
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a simple configuration incorporating a single polarization-sensitive phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) to facilitate polarization-insensitive spatial light modulation. The polarization-insensitive configuration is formed by a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a polarization-sensitive phase-only LC-SLM, a half-wave plate (HWP) and a mirror in a loop structure. We experimentally demonstrate polarization-insensitive spatial light modulations for incident linearly polarized beams with different polarization states and polarization-multiplexed beams. Polarization-insensitive spatial light modulations generating orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are demonstrated in the experiment. The designed polarization-insensitive configuration may find promising applications in spatial light modulations accommodating diverse incident polarizations.
Deducing acidification rates based on short-term time series
Authors: Lui Hon-Kit , Arthur Chen Chen-Tung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe show that, statistically, the simple linear regression (SLR)-determined rate of temporal change in seawater pH (βpH), the so-called acidification rate, can be expressed as a linear combination of a constant (the estimated rate of temporal change in pH) and SLR-determined rates of temporal changes in other variables (deviation largely due to various sampling distributions), despite complications due to different observation durations and temporal sampling distributions. Observations show that five time series data sets worldwide, with observation times from 9 to 23 years, have yielded βpH values that vary from 1.61 × 10−3 to −2.5 × 10−3 pH unit yr−1. After correcting for the deviation, these data now all yield an acidification rate similar to what is expected under the air-sea CO2 equilibrium (−1.6 × 10−3 ~ −1.8 × 10−3 pH unit yr−1). Although long-term time series stations may have evenly distributed datasets, shorter time series may suffer large errors which are correctable by this method.
Formation and manipulation of cell spheroids using a density adjusted PEG/DEX aqueous two phase system
Authors: Han Chungmin , Takayama Shuichi , Park Jaesung 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVarious spheroid formation techniques have been widely developed for efficient and reliable 3-D cell culture research. Although those efforts improved many aspects of spheroid generation, the procedures became complex and also required unusual laboratory equipment. Many recent techniques still involve laborious pipetting steps for spheroid manipulation such as collection, distribution and reseeding. In this report, we used a density-controlled polyethylene glycol and dextran aqueous two phase system to generate spheroids that are both consistent in size and precisely size-controllable. Moreover, by adding a few drops of fresh medium to the wells the contain spheroids, they can be simply settled and attached to the culture surface due to reduced densities of the phases. This unique attribute of the technique significantly reduces the numerous pipetting steps of spheroid manipulation to a single pipetting; therefore, the errors from those steps are eliminated and the reliability and efficiency of a research can be maximized.
RASA: Robust Alternative Splicing Analysis for Human Transcriptome Arrays
Authors: Seok Junhee , Xu Weihong , Davis Ronald W. , Xiao Wenzhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHuman transcriptome arrays (HTA) have recently been developed for high-throughput alternative splicing analysis by measuring signals not only from exons but also from exon-exon junctions. Effective use of these rich signals requires the development of computational methods for better gene and alternative splicing analyses. In this work, we introduce a computational method, Robust Alternative Splicing Analysis (RASA), for the analysis of the new transcriptome arrays by effective integration of the exon and junction signals. To increase robustness, RASA calculates the expression of each gene by selecting exons classified as not alternatively spliced. It then identifies alternatively spliced exons that are supported by both exon and junction signals to reduce the false positives. Finally, it detects additional alternative splicing candidates that are supported by only exon signals because the signals from the corresponding junctions are not well detected. RASA was demonstrated with Affymetrix HTAs and its performance was evaluated with mRNA-Seq and RT-PCR. The validation rate is 52.4%, which is a 60% increase when compared with previous methods that do not use selected exons for gene expression calculation and junction signals for splicing detection. These results suggest that RASA significantly improves alternative splicing analyses on HTA platforms.
Beyond Homozygosity Mapping: Family-Control analysis based on Hamming distance for prioritizing variants in exome sequencing
Authors: Imai Atsuko , Nakaya Akihiro , Fahiminiya Somayyeh , Tétreault Martine , Majewski Jacek , Sakata Yasushi , Takashima Seiji , Lathrop Mark , Ott Jurg 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA major challenge in current exome sequencing in autosomal recessive (AR) families is the lack of an effective method to prioritize single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). AR families are generally too small for linkage analysis and length of homozygous regions is unreliable for identification of causative variants. Various common filtering steps usually result in a list of candidate variants that cannot be narrowed down further or ranked. To prioritize shortlisted SNVs we consider each homozygous candidate variant together with a set of SNVs flanking it. We compare the resulting array of genotypes between an affected family member and a number of control individuals and argue that, in a family, differences between family member and controls should be larger for a pathogenic variant and SNVs flanking it than for a random variant. We assess differences between arrays in two individuals by the Hamming distance and develop a suitable test statistic, which is expected to be large for a causative variant and flanking SNVs. We prioritize candidate variants based on this statistic and applied our approach to six patients with known pathogenic variants and found these to be in the top 2 to 10 percentiles of ranks.
Effectiveness of advisory warnings based on cooperative perception
Authors: Naujoks Frederik , Grattenthaler Heidi , Neukum Alexandra , Weidl Galia , Petrich Dominik 
Published: July 2015

Cooperative perception makes it possible to provide drivers with early advisory warnings about potentially dangerous driving situations. On the basis of the research results pertaining to imminent crash warnings, it was expected that the effectiveness of such advisory warnings depends on situation‐specific anticipations by the driver. During a simulator study, N = 20 drivers went through a wide range of longitudinal traffic and intersection scenarios. The scenarios varied in the possibility to anticipate traffic conflicts (anticipation: high against low) and were completed under different visibility conditions (visibility: obstructed against visible), with and without driver assistance based on cooperative perception (i.e. visual–auditory advisory warnings 2 s prior to the last‐possible warning moment; assistance: no assistance against with assistance). The warning concept was based on empirical pre‐studies and previously validated on a public test intersection. During non‐assisted driving, critical situations were mainly experienced when the possibility to anticipate traffic conflicts was low. Visual obstructions lead to a further increase in the frequency of critical situations. Furthermore, the results indicate a clear mitigation of critical encounters when providing early advisory warnings. This applies particularly to surprising and unexpected scenarios and thus illustrates the potential of cooperative perception to enhance active traffic safety.
Worldwide patterns of human epigenetic variation
Authors: Carja Oana , MacIsaac Julia L. , Mah Sarah M. , Henn Brenna M. , Kobor Michael S. , Feldman Marcus W. , Fraser Hunter B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification, influenced by both genetic and environmental variation, that can affect transcription and many organismal phenotypes. Although patterns of DNA methylation have been shown to differ between human populations, it remains to be determined whether epigenetic diversity mirrors the patterns observed for DNA polymorphisms or gene expression levels. We measured DNA methylation at 480,000 sites in 34 individuals from five diverse human populations in the Human Genome Diversity Panel, and analyzed these together with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression data. We found greater population-specificity of DNA methylation than of mRNA levels, which may be driven by the greater genetic control of methylation. This study provides insights into gene expression and its epigenetic regulation across populations and offers a deeper understanding of worldwide patterns of epigenetic diversity in humans.
Scenario based evaluation of a cost risk model through sensitivity analysis
Authors: Ökmen Önder , Öztaş Ahmet 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– Actual costs frequently deviate from the estimated costs in either favorable or adverse direction in construction projects. Conventional cost evaluation methods do not take the uncertainty and correlation effects into account. In this regard, a simulation-based cost risk analysis model, the Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model, previously has been proposed to evaluate the uncertainty effect on construction costs in case of correlated costs and correlated risk-factors. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the detailed evaluation of the Cost Risk Analysis Model through scenario and sensitivity analyses.

Design/methodology/approach
– The evaluation process consists of three scenarios with three sensitivity analyses in each and 28 simulations in total. During applications, the model’s important parameter called the mean proportion coefficient is modified and the user-dependent variables like the risk-factor influence degrees are changed to observe the response of the model to these modifications and to examine the indirect, two-sided and qualitative correlation capturing algorithm of the model. Monte Carlo Simulation is also applied on the same data to compare the results.

Findings
– The findings have shown that the Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model is capable of capturing the correlation between the costs and between the risk-factors, and operates in accordance with the theoretical expectancies.

Originality/value
– Correlated Cost Risk Analysis Model can be preferred as a reliable and practical method by the professionals of the construction sector thanks to its detailed evaluation introduced in this paper.
Genetic, ecological and geographic covariables explaining host range and specificity of a microsporidian parasite
Authors: Lange Benjamin , Kaufmann Andrea Patricia , Ebert Dieter 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Parasites often have a smaller geographic distribution than their hosts. Common garden infection trials can untangle the role that historical contingencies, ecological conditions and the genetic constitution of local host populations play in limiting parasite geographic range; however, infection trials usually overestimate the range of hosts in which a parasite could naturally persist.

This study overcomes that problem by using multigeneration, long‐term persistence experiments. We study the microsporidian parasite Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis in monoclonal populations of Daphnia magna from 43 widely spread sites. The parasite persisted well in hosts collected from its natural geographic range, but demonstrated long‐term persistence in only a few host genotypes outside this range.

Genetic distance between hosts from the parasite's origin site and newly tested host populations correlated negatively with parasite persistence. Furthermore, the parasite persisted only in host populations from habitats with a high likelihood of drying up in summer, although we excluded environmental variation in our experiments.

Together, our results suggest that host genetic factors play the dominant role in explaining the limited geographic range of parasites and that these genetic differences covary with geographic distance and the habitat type the host is adapted to.
Impacts of geography, taxonomy and functional group on inorganic carbon use patterns in marine macrophytes
Authors: Stepien Courtney C. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Carbon uptake in terrestrial plants functions under near‐constant source carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and isotopic ratios, but aquatic macrophytes operate in a more complex system where environmental fluxes and biotic interactions undermine assumptions of constant CO2 concentration and 13C/12C.

Many marine macrophytes not only passively access CO2 for photosynthesis, but also actively concentrate CO2 and bicarbonate () using carbon concentration mechanisms (CCMs). These processes change macrophyte carbon fractionation signatures (13C/12C) and elevate seawater pH as high as 10.4 in mesocosm pH assays, in which the pH value reached is termed pH*.

I assembled a global data set of 2027 marine macrophyte δ13C and pH assay values for 664 species to assess (i) how macrophyte δ13C varies with the abiotic parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST), latitude and habitat, and the organismal traits of taxonomic and functional group membership and (ii) how species δ13C is related to CCM presence or absence, as determined by a pH drift assay.

Across 613 macrophyte species, collection site distance from the equator was negatively related to species δ13C, while collection site variance in SST was positively related to species δ13C. Macrophyte tissue δ13C differed among oceans as well as in intertidal versus subtidal habitats. Species from phylum Rhodophyta had the lowest δ13C, and functional group was related to δ13C, largely due to higher δ13C in calcifying species.

Analysis of 141 species with paired pH*–δ13C data found that these metrics of CCM presence are not independent. As species δ13C increases so does the probability of species pH* > 9.0, a threshold value of CCM presence in pH assays.

Synthesis. CCMs revealed species patterns in communities at every scale investigated, from local emersion gradients to oceanic and global gradients. Trends in macrophyte δ13C values indicate that macrophytes rely more on CO2 further from the equator, but have increased use of at sites with high temperature variance, patterns that may be driven by species turnover rather than intraspecific variation. Patterns in species CCMs will be crucial to understanding how macrophyte communities respond to ocean acidification‐induced changes to SST and variability.
A survey of the chemical, biochemical, microbiological and sensorial quality of Aho cheese, a traditional cheese from Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey
Authors: Temiz Hasan , Kılıç Serdar 
Published: July 2015

Aho cheese, a traditional Turkish dairy product, is commonly produced in the eastern Black Sea region of Anatolia. In this study, 60 samples were collected and some biochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities were investigated. The mean values for dry matter, fat, protein, salt, ash and pH were 45.04, 8.10, 26.50, 9.58, 10.64 g/100 g and 5.07, respectively. Water‐soluble nitrogen (WSN), ripening index (WSN, % of TN) and acidity index were 0.59 g/100 g, 14.50% and 4.82 mg KOH/g fat, respectively. The mean values for saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid values were found to be 73.57, 23.08, 3.38 and 0.046 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeast, mould and coliform counts were between 6.20–7.44, 4.84–6.96 and 0.00–2.45 log cfu/g, respectively.
Biotic resistance limits the invasiveness of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in Florida
Authors: Funderburk Joe , Frantz Galen , Mellinger Charles , Tyler‐Julian Kara , Srivastava Mrittunjai 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), has resulted in the world‐wide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. It is hypothesized that frequent exposure to insecticides in intensive agriculture selected for resistant populations, which allowed invasive populations in the eastern USA to overcome biotic resistance from the native community of species. Research conducted in Florida to understand the role of biotic factors in limiting the abundance of the western flower thrips is reviewed. Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) are effective predators that suppress populations of thrips on crop and non‐crop hosts in southern and northern Florida. Orius are more effective predators of the western flower thrips than the native flower thrips, F. tritici (Fitch) and F. bispinosa (Morgan). The native species are competitors of the western flower thrips. Excessive fertilization and the use of broad‐spectrum insecticides in crop fields further enhances populations of the western flower thrips. Interactions with native species clearly limit the abundance of western flower thrips in Florida, but populations are abundant in fertilized crop fields where application of insecticides excludes predators and competitor species.
Covered Stent Membrane Design for Treatment of Atheroembolic Disease at Carotid Artery Bifurcation and Prevention of Thromboembolic Stroke: An In Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: Kabinejadian Foad , Kaabi Nezhadian Mercedeh , Cui Fangsen , Ho Pei , Leo Hwa Liang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study, a polymeric membrane has been designed and developed for carotid stents to prevent detachment of emboli from the arterial wall and subsequent stroke, while maintaining side‐branch flow. Prototypes of different geometrical design parameters have been fabricated and their performance has been evaluated in vitro under physiological pulsatile flow condition in a life‐size silicone anastomotic model of carotid artery bifurcation. These evaluations include both quantitative and qualitative experimental (in vitro) assessments of emboli prevention capability, side‐branch flow preservation, and flow visualization. The covered stents with the novel membrane demonstrated significantly higher emboli prevention capability than the corresponding bare nitinol stent as well as some earlier related designs, while preserving more than 93% of the original flow of the external carotid artery (ECA). Flow in the ECA through these covered stents was uniform without evidence of undesirable flow recirculation or retrograde flow that might predispose the vessel wall to intimal thickening and atherosclerotic plaque formation. This study demonstrated the potential of these novel covered stent designs for the treatment of carotid atherosclerotic stenosis and prevention of late embolic stroke. However, further in vivo investigations of biological effects and mechanical performance of this covered stent design (e.g., its thrombogenicity potential and biocompatibility) are warranted.
The Effects of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Halting the Progression in Porcine Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Cho Hongsik , Holt David C. , Smith Richard , Kim Song‐Ja , Gardocki Raymond J. , Hasty Karen A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDisc degeneration and the subsequent herniation and/or rupture of the intervertebral disc (IVD) are due to a failure of the extracellular matrix of the annulus to contain the contents of the nucleus. This results from inadequate maintenance of the matrix components as well as the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade matrix molecules. Arresting progression of disc degeneration in the annulus holds greater clinical potential at this point than prevention of its onset in the nucleus. Therefore, in this study, we have therapeutic aims that would decrease levels of the cytokines and growth factors that indirectly lead to disc degeneration via stimulating MMP and increase levels of several beneficial growth factors, such as transforming growth factor‐β, with the addition of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) that would stimulate cell growth and matrix synthesis. For this study, we attempted to address these imbalances of metabolism by using tumor necrosis factor‐α treated annulus fibrosus cells isolated from porcine IVD tissue and incubating the cells in a growth factor rich environment with PRP. These results indicate that the PRP in vitro increased the production of the major matrix components (type II collagen and aggrecan) and decreased the inhibitory collagenase MMP‐1. This application will address a therapeutic approach for intervening early in the degenerative process.