bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus in patients with bilateral hearing loss: A systematic review
Authors: Ramakers Geerte G. J. , van Zon Alice , Stegeman Inge , Grolman Wilko 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo present an overview of the effect of cochlear implantation on tinnitus in adults with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for articles from database inception up to January 13, 2015.MethodsA systematic search was conducted. Original studies reporting on cochlear implantation and the effect on tinnitus, measured with a tinnitus questionnaire, were included. The directness of evidence and risk of bias were assessed. Studies with a moderate or high directness of evidence and a low or moderate risk of bias were included for analysis. The pre‐ and postimplantation tinnitus scores were extracted.ResultsIn total, 786 unique articles were retrieved. Although there was lack of high level of evidence studies, 10 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria. Overall, there was a reduction of mean tinnitus score. There was a decrease in tinnitus score in 25% to 72%, and a total suppression of tinnitus after implantation was reported in 8% to 45% of patients. Tinnitus was stable in 0% to 36% of patients, and increase of tinnitus occurred in 0% to 25%. Tinnitus induction rates in the patients without preoperative tinnitus varied from 0% to 10%.ConclusionsThere are no high level of evidence studies concerning cochlear implantation and the effect on tinnitus. Overall, current literature shows that there is a decrease of mean tinnitus questionnaire score after unilateral cochlear implantation. However, there is also a chance of increasing burden of existing tinnitus, and the induction of tinnitus is reported.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 125:2584–2592, 2015
Aging voice and the laryngeal muscle atrophy
Authors: Martins Regina Helena Garcia , Benito Pessin Adriana Bueno , Nassib Douglas Jorge , Branco Anete , Rodrigues Sergio Augusto , Matheus Selma Maria Michelim 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo study by means of morphometric measurements the severity of vocal muscle atrophy in the elderly.Study DesignCadaver study.SettingUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Brazil.Subjects and MethodsThirty vocal folds were collected from necropsies distributed into three groups: aged 60 to 75 years (n = 10); aged 76 to 90 years (n = 10); and a control group aged 30 to 50 years (n = 10). Specimens for histology were obtained from the middle portion of the vocal folds. The stained specimens were analyzed using Axion Vision software (coupled to a Zeiss [Oberkochen, Germany] microscope) and used in the morphometric analyses conducted with the ImageJ software. The diameters of 200 muscle fibers from each slide were measured, and the mean values were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe mean values of the diameters of the vocal muscle fibers of the elderly age groups were smaller than in the control: control (30–50 years: 16.389 μm); elderly (60–75 years: 14.412 μm; 76–90 years: 14.162 μm) (P < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed between genders.ConclusionThe morphometric analysis showed smaller diameters of vocal muscle fibers in the elderly when compared to controls, demonstrating the atrophy of the muscle. No statistical differences were observed between genders.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:2518–2521, 2015
The role of routine hearing screening in children with cystic fibrosis on aminoglycosides: A systematic review
Authors: Farzal Zainab , Kou Yann‐Fuu , St. John Rachel , Shah Gopi B. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo review the role of routine hearing screening for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have been on aminoglycoside therapy.Data SourcesPubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Ovid databases.Review MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed from 1970 to 2014. Randomized controlled trials, case‐control studies, cohort studies, and case series including pediatric subjects with baseline auditory evaluations were included.ResultsTwelve studies (1979–2014) were reviewed. The study population included 762 children (5 months–20 years). Hearing screening measures included pure‐tone audiometry (PTA) at standard ± high frequency threshold (HFPTA) (12/12), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) (4/12), transient‐evoked otoacoustic emissions (1/12), and automated auditory brainstem response (1/12). The overall prevalence of SNHL ranged from 0% to 29%. However, on subset analysis of children with greater than 10 courses of intravenous (IV) aminoglycosides, up to 44% had SNHL. Eight studies recommended hearing screening in CF children on aminoglycosides; of these, two studies recommended screening even without aminoglycoside exposure, and four studies made no recommendations. HFPTA was the most commonly recommended screening measure followed by DPOAEs.ConclusionThis systematic review supports a recommendation for clinicians to perform routine hearing screening in children with CF during and after aminoglycoside exposure based on the high prevalence of SNHL in this population. Future studies should define the optimal timing for hearing screening during and after aminoglycoside therapy in children with CF.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:228–235, 2016
Laryngomalacia and swallowing function in children
Authors: Simons Jeffrey P. , Greenberg Laura L. , Mehta Deepak K. , Fabio Anthony , Maguire Raymond C. , Mandell David L. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis1) To determine the prevalence of dysphagia in children with laryngomalacia, 2) To ascertain whether severity of laryngomalacia influences the presence of swallowing dysfunction, and 3) To examine whether patients with medical comorbidities and laryngomalacia have a higher prevalence of swallowing dysfunction.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsAll patients seen in the aerodigestive center at our institution between January 2007 and December 2012 with the diagnosis of laryngomalacia were included. Swallowing function was assessed by symptoms, clinical swallowing evaluations (CSE) performed by speech pathologists, modified barium swallow (MBS) studies, and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluations of swallowing (FEES).ResultsThere were 324 patients with laryngomalacia identified (41.4% female, 58.6% male). Severity of laryngomalacia was categorized in 279 patients, with 62.7% mild, 28.7% moderate, and 8.6% severe. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was diagnosed in 69.8% of patients. Other medical comorbidities included Down syndrome (3.1%), neurological impairment (6.5%), and congenital heart disease (0.9%). Symptoms of dysphagia or feeding difficulty were present in 163/324 (50.3%), and failure to thrive was present in 31/324 patients (9.6%). At least one abnormal swallowing assessment was present in 97/120 (80.8%) patients presenting with subjective dysphagia and 43/65 (66.2%) patients without subjective dysphagia. A total of 140/185 (75.7%) patients had at least one abnormal baseline swallowing assessment. There was no significant relationship between severity of laryngomalacia and presence of abnormal swallowing function based on symptoms, CSE, MBS, or FEES. However, patients with greater severity were more likely to have failure to thrive. There was not a significant association between the presence of swallowing dysfunction or disease severity and medical comorbidities such as Down syndrome, neurological impairment, or congenital heart disease. However, GERD was more likely to be present in patients with moderate and severe laryngomalacia than in patients with mild disease.ConclusionsSwallowing dysfunction is common in children with laryngomalacia regardless of disease severity or other medical comorbidities. Swallowing studies are frequently abnormal in laryngomalacia patients presenting both with and without subjective symptoms of dysphagia. Dysphagia assessment should be considered as part of the evaluation of infants with laryngomalacia.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:478–484, 2016
Congenital stapes malformation: Rare conductive hearing loss in a patient with Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Melzer Jonathan M. , Eliason Michael , Conley George S. 
Published: July 2015

Waardenburg syndrome is a known autosomal dominant cause of congenital hearing loss. It is characterized by a distinctive phenotypic appearance and often involves sensorineural hearing loss. Temporal bone abnormalities and inner ear dysmorphisms have been described in association with the disease. However, middle ear abnormalities as causes of conductive hearing loss are not typically seen in Waardenburg syndrome. We discuss a case of an 8‐year‐old female who meets diagnostic criteria for Waardenburg syndrome type 3 and who presented with a bilateral conductive hearing loss associated with congenital stapes fixation. We discuss management strategy in this previously unreported phenotype.Laryngoscope, 126:992–995, 2016
Hypernasality after using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for skull base tumors
Authors: Kim Boo‐Young , Shin Ji‐Hyeon , Kim Sung Won , Hong Yong Kil , Jeun Sin‐Soo , Kim Soo Whan , Hwang Jae Hyung , Yoo Soon‐il , Lee Yong Joo , Shim Mi‐Ran , Hwang Yeon‐Shin 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe increasing number of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches (EETSA) has resulted in several sinonasal complications, including voice changes. Here, we compared preoperative and postoperative voice changes according to age.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records. Patients were divided into the following three groups according to age: ≤ 30 years, 31 to 60 years, and ≥ 60 years. Patients underwent preoperative voice evaluation using acoustic analysis, a nasometer, and the voice handicap index (VHI). A nasometer was used to measure the nasalance scores. The subjects read or repeated three speech stimuli. For each stimulus, mean nasalance scores were obtained and age dependence was analyzed. Repeat testing was performed 6 months postoperatively.ResultsOne hundred and seventy patients who underwent binostril four‐hand EETSA with a bilateral modified rescue flap were included in this study. Mean nasalance scores for the oral passage, oronasal passage, and nasal passage—as well as mean jitter scores, shimmer scores, and VHI—were significantly increased in all of the EETSA patients (P < 0.05 for all). Mean nasalance scores for the nasal sentences were significantly increased in the ≤ 30 age group (all, P < 0.05). Scores for the oronasal passage and nasal passage were significantly increased in the 31 to 60 age group (all, P < 0.05). Scores for the oronasal passage, nasal passage, jitter, and shimmer were significantly increased in the > 60 age group (all, P < 0.05).ConclusionsEndoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches might contribute to voice changes. In addition, older age might produce hypernasality and roughness after EETSA. Patients who plan to undergo EETSA should be informed that their voice may change after the operation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:329–333, 2016
Systematic review of site of obstruction identification and non‐CPAP treatment options for children with persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Manickam P. Vairavan , Shott Sally R. , Boss Emily F. , Cohen Aliza P. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen K. , Amin Raouf S. , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough adenotonsillectomy is accepted as a first‐line therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is currently no consensus regarding optimal methods for identifying the sites of obstruction or treatment of children with persistent disease after surgery. With this in mind, our aim was to systematically review the English‐language literature pertaining to these issues.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsWe searched all indexed years of Pubmed, Cochrane CENTRAL, DynaMed, UpToDate, CINAHL, and Scopus for English‐language articles containing original human data, with ≥ 7 participants, all < 18 years old. Data regarding study design, demographics, clinical characteristics/outcomes, level of evidence, and risk of bias were obtained. Articles were independently reviewed by two investigators.ResultsOf 758 identified abstracts, 24 articles (combined population = 960) were ultimately included. Seventeen (71%) described methods to identify site(s) of obstruction: drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (11/24), cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (3/24), and alternative imaging (3/24). Treatment options included lingual tonsillectomy (n = 6), with success rates of 57% to 88% (Cohen's effect size d = 1.38), as well as supraglottoplasty (n = 4), with success rates of 58% to 72% (d = 0.64). Additional treatments included medications and surgery (e.g., partial midline glossectomy and tongue suspension).ConclusionsDrug‐induced sleep endoscopy and cine MRI are the most commonly reported tools to identify sites of obstruction for children with persistent OSA; however, these techniques have not yet been clearly linked to outcomes. Evidence for treatment is extremely limited and focuses primarily on lingual tonsillectomy and supraglottoplasty. Also, reports regarding appropriate patient selection and outcomes in obese or otherwise healthy children are scant. Laryngoscope, 126:491–500, 2016
Upregulation of miR‐372 and ‐373 associates with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of oral carcinomas
Authors: Tu Hsi‐Feng , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Cheng Hui‐Wen , Liu Chung‐Ji 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is prevalent worldwide, and survival in OSCC has not improved significantly in the last few decades. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an important regulatory role in human cancer, including oral carcinogenesis. MiR‐372 and miR‐373 perform oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive functions of between different human malignancies. This study investigated the miR‐372 and miR‐373 expression and their clinical implication in OSCC.MethodsFifty patients with primary OSCC were included in the study. Primary cancer cells and matched normal oral epithelium were purified by laser capture microdissection. RNA were extracted from these samples. The expression levels of miR‐372 and miR‐373 in the tissue of OSCC patients were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) protein expression level was measured by Western blotting.ResultsBoth miR‐372 and miR‐373 was up‐regulated in OSCC tissue relative to control mucosa. Among different clinical variables, over‐expression of miR‐372 and miR‐373 were associated with nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and poor survival. Multivariate analysis showed that both high miR‐372 and miR‐373 expression were independent predictors for poor survival in OSCC. MiR‐372 regulated LATS2 expression in OSCC cell lines. LATS2 expression levels are inversely correlated miR‐372 in OSCC tissues.ConclusionOver‐expression of miR‐372 and miR‐373 indicate worse survival in OSCC.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E365–E370, 2015
Repair of short type IV laryngotracheoesophageal cleft using long, tapered, engaging graft without need for tracheotomy
Authors: Propst Evan J. 
Published: July 2015

An infant with a type IV laryngotracheoesophageal cleft underwent transcervical repair using a long tapered cartilage graft. A laryngofissure was carried down to the innominate artery to expose the cleft that extended 5 mm inferior to the vessel. The edges of the cleft were excised, the trachealis was separated from the esophagus that was reapproximated, and clavicular periosteum was placed. A long posterior costal cartilage graft that tapered inferiorly in anteroposterior dimension and engaged behind the cricoid plate was inserted. This added rigidity to the repair and obviated the need for a tracheotomy while providing a four‐layer closure.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:1006–1008, 2016
In vivo investigation of acidified pepsin exposure to porcine vocal fold epithelia
Authors: Durkes Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe study objective was to investigate epithelial changes in response to direct, repeated, acidified pepsin exposures in an in vivo porcine model. We hypothesized that 12 acidified pepsin applications to simulate reflux would elicit a vocal fold response characterized by inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and increased intercellular space, as well as changes in the gene expression of epithelial junctional proteins, ion transporter proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines.Study DesignProspective, in vivo study.MethodsPigs received acidified pepsin (pH = 4) or saline (sham) applied directly to vocal folds. Larynges were collected following three exposures per week for 4 weeks. Vocal fold tissue morphology, collagen, and elastin were evaluated histologically. Gene expression of E‐cadherin, zona occludens‐1, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, epithelial sodium channel, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interferon‐γ were measured. Ultrastructural alterations, epithelial intercellular space diameter, and microridge height were measured using transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThere were no significant differences in histology, gene transcripts, epithelial ultrastructure, intercellular space, and microridge height after acidified pepsin exposure.ConclusionsTwelve simulated reflux challenges were insufficient to elicit epithelial changes, demonstrating the resistance of healthy vocal folds to direct, repeated acidified pepsin exposures. These data increase our understanding of healthy vocal fold defenses and lay the groundwork for a prospective, uninjured, nonsurgical, laryngopharyngeal reflux model where pigs can be exposed directly to acidified pepsin.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E12–E17, 2016
Interactive effects of light, nitrogen source, and carbon dioxide on energy metabolism in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Shi Dalin , Li Weiying , Hopkinson Brian M. , Hong Haizheng , Li Dongmei , Kao Shuh‐Ji , Lin Wenfang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDue to the ongoing effects of climate change, phytoplankton are likely to experience enhanced irradiance, more reduced nitrogen, and increased water acidity in the future ocean. Here, we used Thalassiosira pseudonana as a model organism to examine how phytoplankton adjust energy production and expenditure to cope with these multiple, interrelated environmental factors. Following acclimation to a matrix of irradiance, nitrogen source, and CO2 levels, the diatom's energy production and expenditures were quantified and incorporated into an energetic budget to predict how photosynthesis was affected by growth conditions. Increased light intensity and a shift from
to
led to increased energy generation, through higher rates of light capture at high light and greater investment in photosynthetic proteins when grown on
. Secondary energetic expenditures were adjusted modestly at different culture conditions, except that
utilization was systematically reduced by increasing pCO2. The subsequent changes in element stoichiometry, biochemical composition, and release of dissolved organic compounds may have important implications for marine biogeochemical cycles. The predicted effects of changing environmental conditions on photosynthesis, made using an energetic budget, were in good agreement with observations at low light, when energy is clearly limiting, but the energetic budget over‐predicts the response to
at high light, which might be due to relief of energetic limitations and/or increased percentage of inactive photosystem II at high light. Taken together, our study demonstrates that energetic budgets offered significant insight into the response of phytoplankton energy metabolism to the changing environment and did a reasonable job predicting them.
Visualizing the Inner Architecture of Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐Based Biomaterials and Its Impact on Performance Optimization
Authors: Bauer Adam J. P. , Wu Yitian , Liu Jianzhao , Li Bingbing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe performance of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based biomaterials is defined by spatial distributions of PCL's amorphous and crystalline domains. Unfortunately, directly visualizing their inner architectures has been challenging. This study demonstrates, the superior degradation selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) enzyme; when used at low concentrations, it preferentially breaks down the amorphous chains prior to the crystalline chains. Top‐down dissection using this enzyme is performed on several PCL‐based systems. Self‐assembled nanolamellae (e.g., thin films) or hierarchically nanostructured crystalline skeletons (e.g., fibers) are clearly captured. Thus, the spatial distribution of the amorphous compartments can be precisely mapped out, which otherwise cannot be achieved.
Targeting Consumers Who Care about Future Generations
Authors: Lacroix Caroline , Jolibert Alain 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTGenerativity, as an adult's preoccupation with the well‐being of future generations, is a well‐studied concept in the social psychology literature. However, to this day, little is known about this concept within a consumer context. This article presents two studies that aimed to better understand the attitudes and behaviors of generative consumers. A first study was conducted to develop a more appropriate measure of generativity for consumer situations. It produced a two‐factor consumer generativity scale of six items, one factor of which measures the motivation for symbolic immortality (agentic generativity) whereas the other factor measures the motivation to be useful (communal generativity). The second study showed the predictive validity of the new scale. Highly generative consumers have more favorable attitudes toward ads and products that are generatively positioned. Generative consumers intend to buy products positioned as generative. In addition, the second study presents some sociodemographic characteristics of generative consumers. This research presents a valid and parsimonious scale of consumer generativity, and demonstrates the relevance of using a generative positioning strategy when targeting highly generative consumers.
Age‐Related Differences in Emotion Regulation within the Context of Sad and Happy TV Programs
Authors: Droulers Olivier , Lacoste‐Badie Sophie , Malek Faten 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe marketing literature on program context includes several studies on the influence of program‐induced positive and negative emotions on the evaluation of embedded television advertisements. While the majority of these studies have been conducted with younger adults, new discoveries on the differentiated processes of emotion regulation among younger and older adults are reviving interest in this topic. The present study examined the impact of television program context on program‐induced affective reactions and on the processing of embedded television advertisements among younger and older adults. Program‐induced mood valence was manipulated by using excerpts from sad and happy films. This research shows that affective reactions elicited by sad and happy television programs, as well as attitude toward the advertisement, differ between younger and older adults. The level of sadness reported by older adults was lower than that of younger adults within a sad program context. The results also show a negative influence of a sad (versus a happy) program on attitude toward the advertisement among younger adults but not among older adults. These results confirm that in advancing age, it is possible to shape emotional responses to suit regulation goals.