bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between motor skill competency and executive function in children with Down's syndrome
Authors: Schott N. , Holfelder B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that children with Down's syndrome (DS), a genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder, demonstrate motor problems and cognitive deficits. The first aim of this study was to examine motor skills and executive functions (EFs) in school‐age children with DS. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between these two performance domains.MethodsThe Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD‐2), the Movement Assessment Battery Children‐2 checklist (MABC2‐checklist) and the Trail‐Making Test for young children (Trails‐P) were used to assess motor and cognitive performances of 18 children (11 boys, 7 girls) with DS aged between 7 and 11 years (9.06 ± 0.96) and an age‐ and sex‐matched sample of 18 typically developing (TD) children (11 boys, 7 girls; 8.99 ± 0.93).ResultsIndividuals with DS showed the expected difficulties in attentional control, response suppression and distraction, as well as in locomotor and object control skills, as indicated by poorer performance than TD individuals. Motor performance (bottom‐up as well as top‐down measures) and EF correlated positively, with regard to the group with DS only though. In the most complex task (distraction), the children of the DS group achieving lower locomotor scores showed lower efficacy scores on the Trails‐P. Additionally, strong relationships were found for the perspective of teachers on all sections of the MABC2‐Checklist and EF.ConclusionThe findings from this study suggest that children with DS are not only impaired in higher‐order EF, but showing also deficits in locomotor and object control skills. This study stresses the importance of early interventions facilitating cognitive abilities and motor skills.
Communication elements supporting patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Kanerva A. , Kivinen T. , Lammintakanen J. 
Published: February 2015

Accessible summary
Communication is important for safe and quality health care. The study provides needed insight on the communication elements that support patient safety from the psychiatric care view.
Fluent information transfer between the health care professionals and care units is important for care planning and maintaining practices. Information should be documented and implemented accordingly.
Communication should happen in an open communication culture that enables discussion, the opportunity to have debriefing discussions and the entire staff can feel they are heard. For effective communication, it is also important that staff are active themselves in information collecting about the essential information needed in patient care.
In mental health nursing, it is important to pay attention to all elements of communication and to develop processes concerning communication in multidisciplinary teams and across unit boundaries.
AbstractThe study aims to describe which communication elements support patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care from the viewpoint of the nursing staff. Communication is an essential part of care and one of the core competencies of the psychiatric care. It enables safe and quality patient care. Errors in health care are often connected with poor communication. The study brings needed insight from the psychiatric care view to the topic. The data were gathered from semi‐structured interviews in which 26 nurses were asked to describe the elements that constitute patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care. The data were analysed inductively from the viewpoint of communication. The descriptions connected with communication formed a main category of communication elements that support patient safety; this main category was made up of three subcategories: fluent information transfer, open communication culture and being active in information collecting. Fluent information transfer consists of the practical implementation of communication; open communication culture is connected with the cultural issues of communication; and being active in information collecting is related to a nurse's personal working style, which affects communication. It is important to pay attention to all the three areas and use this knowledge in developing patient safety practices and strategies where communication aspect and culture are noted and developed. In mental health nursing, it is important to develop processes concerning communication in multidisciplinary teams and across unit boundaries.
Oximes Induce Erection and Are Resistant to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Pauwels Bart , Boydens Charlotte , Brouckaert Peter , Van de Voorde Johan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionBecause of their nitric oxide (NO)-donating capacities, oxime derivatives have shown to offer some therapeutic perspective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) as well as cardiovascular diseases. However, to date the in vivo effect of these oximes on erectile function remains unknown. In many disease states oxidative stress occurs, impairing NO-mediated relaxations. Hence the influence of oxidative stress on oxime-induced effects is also of interest.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the in vivo effect of formaldoxime (FAL) and formamidoxime (FAM) on blood pressure and intracavernosal pressure (ICP); and to examine the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and the influence of oxidative stress on the FAL and FAM responses.MethodsBlood pressure and ICP were monitored in vivo after resp. intravenous or intracavernosal injection of FAL and FAM. Moreover isometric tension was measured in vitro on isolated mice corpora cavernosa (CC), thoracic aorta, and femoral artery in organ baths. The role of sGC was investigated using transgenic mice lacking the alpha 1 subunit of sGC.Main Outcome MeasuresMean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP were measured after FAL/FAM injection. In vitro relaxation of CC strips was evaluated in response to addition of FAL/FAM.ResultsIn vivo both FAL and FAM elicit a dose-dependent lowering of blood pressure (maximal ΔMAP: 33.66 ± 4.07 mm Hg [FAL] and 20.43 ± 2.06 mm Hg [FAM] ) as well as an increase of ICP (maximal increase of ICP/MAP: 70.29 ± 2.88% [FAL] and 52.91 ± 8.61% [FAM] ). The FAL/FAM effect is significantly lower in knockout vs. wild-type mice. Oxidative stress has an inhibitory effect on corporal NO-mediated relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside whereas the responses to 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt, FAL and FAM were not influenced.ConclusionsOximes induce erection which is mediated by sGC. The oxime-induced relaxations are resistant to oxidative stress, which increases their therapeutic potential for the treatment of ED.
Afp14 is involved in regulating the length of Anti‐feeding prophage (Afp)
Authors: Rybakova Daria , Schramm Peter , Mitra Alok K. , Hurst Mark R. H. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe anti‐feeding prophage (Afp), a phage‐tail‐like particle that causes cessation of feeding in the New Zealand grass grub, Costelytra zealandica, is encoded by 18 open reading frames (afp1–18). C‐terminal truncations of afp14 resulted in shortened Afp particles, suggesting that Afp14 is involved in Afp length determination. We constructed an Afp assembly system (afp1–18), wherein Afp14 was truncated after the N‐terminal 88 residues. This construct, when expressed in trans in Escherichia coli expressing a N‐terminal 98‐amino acid Afp14 construct, yielded fully assembled Afp but no assembled Afp was detected in the case of a N‐terminal 96‐amino acid Afp14 construct. These results suggested that the 98 N‐terminal, amino acid residues of Afp14 is crucial for the initiation of Afp assembly via baseplate formation. Trans‐based expression of wild‐type afp14 resulted in Afp particles of varying lengths, all of which were shorter than the wild‐type Afp particle. On the other hand, similar expression of Afp14 harboring a C‐terminal extension (KLLEH6) resulted in elongated Afp particles. This information, combined with bioinformatics data, allowed us to propose a model delineating the mechanism and role of Afp14 in the maturation of the Afp particle.
The combined augmentation/vestibuloplasty procedure preventing gingival recession in orthodontically/surgically treated prognathic patient: a 14 year follow‐up
Authors: Stajčić Z. , Stajčić LJ.Stojčev , Aditya P. , Rodić M. , Mileusnić B. , Aditya A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel technique is presented combining bone augmentation with vestibuloplasty to prevent gingival recession in prognathic mandible treated surgically and orthodontically that was followed up for 14 years.
A nomogram to estimate the HbA1c response to different DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 98 trials with 24 163 patients
Authors: Esposito Katherine , Chiodini Paolo , Maiorino Maria Ida , Capuano Annalisa , Cozzolino Domenico , Petrizzo Michela , Bellastella Giuseppe , Giugliano Dario 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo develop a nomogram for estimating the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) response to different dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in type 2 diabetes.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) on HbA1c were conducted. Electronic searches were carried out up to December 2013. Trials were included if they were carried out on participants with type 2 diabetes, lasted at least 12 weeks, included at least 30 participants and had a final assessment of HbA1c. A random effect model was used to pool data. A nomogram was used to represent results of the metaregression model.ParticipantsAdults with type 2 diabetes.InterventionsAny DPP-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin or alogliptin).Outcome measuresThe HbA1c response to each DPP-4 inhibitor within 1 year of therapy.ResultsWe screened 928 citations and reviewed 98 articles reporting 98 RCTs with 100 arms in 24 163 participants. There were 26 arms with vildagliptin, 37 with sitagliptin, 13 with saxagliptin, 13 with linagliptin and 11 with alogliptin. For all 100 arms, the mean baseline HbA1c value was 8.05% (64 mmol/mol); the decrease of HbA1c from baseline was −0.77% (95% CI −0.82 to −0.72%), with high heterogeneity (I2=96%). Multivariable metaregression model that included baseline HbA1c, type of DPP-4 inhibitor and fasting glucose explained 58% of variance between studies, with no significant interaction between them. Other factors, including age, previous diabetes drugs and duration of treatment added low predictive power (<1%). The nomogram estimates the absolute HbA1c reduction from baseline using the type of DPP-4 inhibitor, baseline values of HbA1c and fasting glucose.ConclusionsBaseline HbA1c level and fasting glucose explain most of the variance in HbA1c change in response to DPP-4 inhibitors: each increase of 1.0% units HbA1c provides a 0.4–0.5% units greater fall.
Frequent Physical Activity May Not Reduce Vascular Disease Risk as Much as Moderate Activity
Authors: Armstrong Miranda E. G. , Green Jane , Reeves Gillian K. , Beral Valerie , Cairns Benjamin J. 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Although physical activity has generally been associated with reduced risk of vascular disease, there is limited evidence about the effects of the frequency and duration of various activities on the incidence of particular types of vascular disease.

Methods and Results—

In 1998, on average, 1.1 million women without prior vascular disease reported their frequency of physical activity and many other personal characteristics. Three years later, they were asked about hours spent walking, cycling, gardening, and housework each week. Women were followed by record linkage to National Health Service cause-specific hospital admissions and death records. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks for first vascular events in relation to physical activity. During an average of 9 years follow-up, 49 113 women had a first coronary heart disease event, 17 822 had a first cerebrovascular event, and 14 550 had a first venous thromboembolic event. In comparison with inactive women, those reporting moderate activity had significantly lower risks of all 3 conditions (
P
<0.001 for each). However, women reporting strenuous physical activity daily had higher risks of coronary heart disease (
P
=0.002), cerebrovascular disease (
P
<0.001), and venous thromboembolic events (
P
<0.001) than those reporting doing such activity 2 to 3 times per week. Risks did not differ between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, or between venous thromboembolic events with or without pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions—
Moderate physical activity is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolic event, and cerebrovascular disease than inactivity. However, among active women, there is little to suggest progressive reductions in risk of vascular diseases with increasing frequency of activity.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure and Turbulence during Sea Fog on the Southern China Coast
Authors: Huang Huijun , Liu Hongnian , Huang Jian , Mao Weikang , Bi Xueyan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Small-scale turbulence has an essential role in sea-fog formation and evolution, but is not completely understood. This study analyzes measurements of the small-scale turbulence, together with the boundary layer structure and the synoptic and mesoscale conditions over the life cycle of a cold advection fog event and a warm advection fog event, both off the coast of southern China. The measurement data come from two sites: one on the coast and one at sea. These findings include the following: 1) For cold advection fog, the top can extend above the inversion base, but formation of an overlaying cloud causes the fog to dissipate. 2) For warm advection fog, two layers of low cloud can merge to form deep fog, with the depth exceeding 1000 m, when strong advection of warm moist air produces active thermal-turbulence mixing above the thermal-turbulence interface. 3) Turbulence near the sea surface is mainly thermally driven for cold advection fog, but mechanically driven for warm advection fog. 4) The momentum fluxes of both fog cases are below 0.04 kg m−1 s−2. However, the sensible and latent heat flux differ between the cases: in the cold advection fog case, the sensible and latent heat fluxes are roughly upward, averaging 2.58 and 26.75 W m−2, respectively; however, in the warm advection fog case, the sensible and latent heat flux are mostly downward, averaging −6.98 and −6.22 W m−2, respectively. 5) Low-level vertical advection is important for both fogs, but has a larger influence on fog development in the warm advection fog case.
Lessons from the 2004 Asian tsunami: Nature, prevalence and determinants of prolonged grief disorder among tsunami survivors in South Indian coastal villages
Authors: Rajkumar Anto P , Mohan Titus SP , Tharyan Prathap 
Published: February 2015

Background: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD), previously called complicated grief, is associated with significant distress and long-term disability, and it may complicate assessments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic events. Methods: In order to distinguish PGD from PTSD, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among tsunami survivors in five tsunami-affected coastal villages in India, 9 months after the Asian tsunami. Results: Prevalence of PGD among 643 tsunami survivors was 14.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.5%–16.9%) and among the 351 bereaved survivors was 25.9% (95% CI: 21.3%–30.5%). Spousal bereavement, extensive damage to homes, fewer years of education, and absence of tsunami-related physical injury differentiated those with PGD, after adjusting for potential confounders ( p < .05). These factors were distinct from the factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among these survivors. Scores on the avoidance, hyper-arousal and intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale–Revised were significantly lower in those with PGD alone than in those with PTSS or with both disorders. Conclusion: Our findings support the validity of PGD in a non-Western post-disaster community and its distinctness from PTSD. They have important public health implications in planning responses to natural disasters and for future revisions of diagnostic classifications.
Surveying clinician perceptions of risk assessment and management practices in mental health service provision
Authors: Wand Timothy , Isobel Sophie , Derrick Kate 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to survey multidisciplinary mental health staff on their perceptions of risk assessment and management practices in a local health district in Sydney. Methods: The research team developed the risk assessment and management survey (RAMS) which was distributed to staff across the district from November 2013 to January 2014. Results: A total of 340 RAMS were distributed and 164 were returned (48% response rate). There was considerable agreement that risk assessment and management is essential to maintaining safety and delivering good mental health care, and respondents reported high levels of confidence in their judgement when carrying out such practices. Respondents identified organisational pressure in relation to risk assessment and management but also felt supported. However, 65% of respondents considered that there ‘is good evidence that risk assessment and management practices are effective in reducing risk in mental health care’, when this is not the case. Conclusion: The confidence that clinicians placed in risk assessment and management practices (despite an absence of evidence) is disconcerting. Given the dominance of risk assessment and management, health services mandating such practices have a duty to inform employees of the current evidence base for this approach in reducing risk.
“Thank You, Sorry, Love” (TSL) Therapy With North Korean Refugee Women
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Kim Jae Yop , Kim Dong Goo 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of The “Thank You, Sorry, Love” (TSL) family therapy program in potentially improving the marital relationships and health of North Korean refugee women. Methods: The participants included 12 married North Korean female refugees in their 20s to 40s. Using a blinded assignment, six received the TSL family therapy program and six did not receive any treatment. Pretests (just before the program), posttests (just after termination of the program), and follow-up tests (1 month after termination of the program) were conducted. Results: The program participants experienced a statistically significant decrease in marital violence and an increase in their total antioxidant activity levels. Conclusions: TSL family therapy has the potential to contribute to improving the lives of traumatized North Korean refugee women. Larger scale replication studies involving random assignment would be a useful next step in evaluating the TSL program.
Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Abdominopelvic Tumors
Authors: Sezen D. , Gurkaynak M. , Gultekin M. , Cengiz M. , Yildiz F. , Zorlu F. , Akyol F. , Yazici G. , Hurmuz P. , Ozyigit G. 
Published: February 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of robotic CyberKnife (Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, California)-based stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with recurrent or metastatic abdominopelvic tumors. Methods and Materials: A total of 69 patients treated between May 2008 and January 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Indication for SBRT was persistent disease in 3 (4%) patients, local recurrence in 29 (42%) patients, regional recurrence in 13 (19%) patients, and oligometastatic disease in 24 (35%) patients. Forty-two (61%) patients were previously irradiated to the same region and 27 (39%) patients were treated for the first time. The median age was 59 years (range, 24-86 years). There were 31 (45%) male and 38 (55%) female patients. The median total dose was 30 Gy (range, 15-60 Gy) delivered with a median 3 fractions (range, 2-5 fractions). The tumor response to treatment was assessed by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or positron emission tomography. Results: At the 12-month (range, 2-44 months) median follow-up, local control was 65% and median overall survival (OS) was 20 months. A larger gross tumor volume (≥ 67 cm3) was significantly correlated with worse 1-year OS (81% vs 48%, P = .03). The patients with local recurrence occurring <11 months had a significantly shorter 1-year local control rate than patients with ≥11 months (31% vs 91%, P < .001). Grade 3-4 acute and late toxicities were seen in 7% and 15% of patients, respectively. The patients with previous radiotherapy history had significantly higher rate of acute toxicity (19% vs 0%, P = .019). Late toxicity was significantly higher in pelvic tumors than in abdominal tumors (3% vs 28%, P = .004). Conclusion: The SBRT seems to be feasible and resulted in good treatment outcomes in patients with recurrent or metastatic abdominopelvic tumors.
Treatment of complex atherosclerotic femoropopliteal artery disease with a self-expanding interwoven nitinol stent: Midterm results
Authors: Dumantepe Mert , Seren Mustafa , Fazlıogullari Osman , Ayoglu Umut , Teymen Burak 
Published: February 2015

Objective To examine the efficacy and durability of an interwoven self-expanding nitinol stent for the treatment of superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Method Consecutive patients with severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries who received SUPERA® stents were retrospectively identified. The patients were followed for 12 months by Doppler ultrasound examinations, stent roentgenograms, and estimation of Rutherford–Becker class and ankle-brachial index. Results From July 2012 to May 2014, 42 limbs in 36 patients (mean age, 61.5 ± 7.5 years; 75% male) were treated with angioplasty and primary stenting. Total occlusions were present in 14 limbs, and 63.8% had either moderate or severe calcification. The mean (±SD) lesion length was 105 mm (±28). Primary patency was 91.4% at 6 months and 85.7% at 12 months. The ankle brachial index increased from 0.57 ± 0.19 preoperative to 0.91 ± 0.12 postoperative. There was no procedural or device-related morbidity or mortality after revascularization and only one major amputation was observed on follow-up. Conclusions Our experience shows that, Supera stents are safe and effective in our cohort of patients, with acceptable patency rates. There were no stent fractures so far even with stenting of the femoropopliteal segments. Stent design provides a viable option for high-grade obstructive disease in the femoropopliteal artery.