bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary multifocal lymphoma of peripheral nervous system: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Del Grande Alessandra , Sabatelli Mario , Luigetti Marco , Conte Amelia , Granata Giuseppe , Rufini Vittoria , Del Ciello Annemilia , Gaudino Simona , Fernandez Eduardo , Hohaus Stefan , Coli Antonella , Lauriola Libero 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Primary lymphomas of peripheral nerves are extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported. Methods: We describe the clinical, neurophysiological, radiological, and pathological findings in a 61‐year‐old woman affected by primary multifocal lymphoma of the peripheral nervous system without systemic involvement. Results: Fascicular left femoral nerve biopsy was decisive for the diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Magnetic resonance imaging, fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography, and nerve ultrasound contributed to the diagnosis. Conclusions: Primary lymphoma of peripheral nerves (PLPNs) is a rare but potentially treatable condition, which is frequently misdiagnosed. In the literature, there are very few descriptions of PLPNs, most of which are mononeuropathies. The possibility of a neuropathy associated with lymphoma should be considered in patients with poor response to treatment and severe pain symptoms. Muscle Nerve 50: 1016–1022, 2014
Multiproduct batching and scheduling with buffered rework: The case of a car paint shop
Authors: Jaehn Florian , Kovalev Sergey , Kovalyov Mikhail Y. , Pesch Erwin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe study a problem of scheduling products on the same facility, which is motivated by a car paint shop. Items of the same product are identical. Operations on the items are performed sequentially in batches, where each batch is a set of operations on the same product. Some of the produced items are of the required good quality and some items can be defective. Defectiveness of an item is determined by a given simulated function of its product, its preceding product, and the position of its operation in the batch. Defective items are kept in a buffer of a limited capacity, and they are then remanufactured at the same facility. A minimum waiting time exists for any defective item before its remanufacturing can commence. Each product has a sequence independent setup time which precedes its first operation or its operation following an operation of another product. A due date is given for each product such that all items of the same product have the same due date and the objective is to find a schedule which minimizes maximum lateness of product completion times with respect to their due dates. The problem is proved NP‐hard in the strong sense, and a heuristic Group Technology (GT) solution approach is suggested and analyzed. The results justify application of the GT approach to scheduling real car paint shops with buffered rework. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 458–471, 2014
Stateful traffic replay for web application proxies
Authors: Huang Chun‐Ying , Lin Ying‐Dar , Liao Peng‐Yu , Lai Yuan‐Cheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt is a common practice to test a network device by replaying network traffic onto it and observe its reactions. Many replay tools support Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol stateful traffic replay and hence can be used to test switches, routers, and gateway devices. However, they often fail if the device under test (DUT) is an application level proxy. In this paper, we design and implement ProxyReplay to replay application‐layer traffic for network proxies. As many application proxies have built‐in security functions, the main purpose of this tool is to evaluate the security functionalities of DUTs using payloads constructed from real network traces. ProxyReplay modifies requests and responses and maintains queues for request‐response pairs to resolve the issues of protocol dependency, functional dependency, concurrent replay, and error resistance. The solution provides two replay modes, that is, the preprocess mode and the concurrent mode. Depending on the benchmark scenario, we show that the preprocess mode is better for benchmarking the performance capability of a DUT. In contrast, the concurrent mode is used when the replayed trace file is extremely large. Our experiments show 99% accuracy. In addition, the replay performance exceeds 320 Mbps by running the benchmark with an off‐the‐shelf personal computer in the preprocess mode. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N2 Binding to the FeMo‐Cofactor of Nitrogenase
Authors: Hallmen Philipp P. , Kästner Johannes 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNitrogenase converts gaseous dinitrogen into biologically accessible ammonia. The binding of N2 to a reduced and protonated form of the FeMo‐cofactor of nitrogenase including its central carbon ligand was investigated by means of density functional calculations. It was found the central ligand to stabilize the cluster. N2 can associate to iron or molybdenum with iron being the preferred binding site. While endo and exo binding modes were investigated the exo modes are more stable. Implications on the mechanism of N2 reduction are discussed.
Iatrogenic Contributions to Cervical Adjacent Segment Pathology
Authors: Ueda Haruki , Huang Russel C. , Lebl Darren R. 
Published: August 2014

Background Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is widely accepted as a predictably excellent procedure. On the other hand, adjacent level pathology following ACDF is a well-known phenomenon which undercuts surgical outcome. However, the extent to which ACDF accelerates this phenomenon in the naturally degenerating cervical spine is still to be understood. Questions/Purposes To summarize the current evidence concerning adjacent segment pathology in the light of biomechanics, natural history, postoperative course, and comparison between ACDF and total disc replacement (TDR). Methods This is a study of published articles. Articles were searched by the topic of adjacent disc pathology in cervical spine through Google Scholar and Pubmed. After review, 37 published articles were deemed suitable for the subject of this study. Results Biomechanical and clinical data strongly suggest that ASP is a presentation of the iatrogenically accelerated natural aging process of cervical spine. However, power study analysis with assumption showed that current RCTs are unlikely to prove this suggestion. Conclusion Available data suggests that iatrogenic factors play a significant role in adjacent segment pathology following ACDF.
A case of short‐coupled premature ventricular beat‐induced ventricular fibrillation with early repolarization in the inferolateral leads
Authors: Kondo Hidekazu , Shinohara Tetsuji , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis case report describes a 19‐year‐old man with early repolarization (ER) in the inferolateral leads and a normal QT interval who survived a cardiac arrest that was likely related to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Electrocardiograms (ECGs) also showed unifocal premature ventricular beats (PVBs) with a relatively narrow QRS duration. A Holter ECG documented occasional short‐coupled PVBs following non‐sustained VTs. Pharmacological stress testing was also performed to assess the effects of anti‐arrhythmic drugs on ER (the J wave) and PVBs. We performed successful radiofrequency catheter ablation to prevent the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation.
Mechanical experiments as moral exercise in the education of George III
Authors: GRANT FLORENCE 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 1761, George III commissioned a large group of philosophical instruments from the London instrument-maker George Adams. The purchase sprang from a complex plan of moral education devised for Prince George in the late 1750s by the third Earl of Bute. Bute's plan applied the philosophy of Frances Hutcheson, who placed ‘the culture of the heart’ at the foundation of moral education. To complement this affective development, Bute also acted on seventeenth-century arguments for the value of experimental philosophy and geometry as exercises that habituated the student to recognizing truth, and to pursuing it through long and difficult chains of reasoning. The instruments required for such exercise thus became tools for manipulating moral subjectivity. By the 1730s there was a variety of established modes in which the Newtonian philosophy might be used to argue for the legitimacy of Hanoverian rule. The education of George III represents a less recognized iteration of this relationship, concerned not with public apologetics, but rather with the transformation of an ‘indolent’ youth into a virtuous monarch.
Partitioning United States' feed consumption among livestock categories for improved environmental cost assessments
Authors: ESHEL G. , SHEPON A. , MAKOV T. , MILO R. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYThe high environmental costs of raising livestock are now widely appreciated, yet consumption of animal-based food items continues and is expanding throughout the world. Consumers' ability to distinguish among, and rank, various interchangeable animal-based items is crucial to reducing environmental costs of diets. However, the individual environmental burdens exerted by the five dominant livestock categories – beef, dairy, poultry, pork and eggs – are not fully known. Quantifying those burdens requires splitting livestock‘s relatively well-known total environmental costs (e.g. land and fertilizer use for feed production) into partial categorical costs. Because such partitioning quantifies the relative environmental desirability of various animal-based food items, it is essential for environmental impact minimization efforts to be made. Yet to date, no such partitioning method exists. The present paper presents such a partitioning method for feed production-related environmental burdens. This approach treated each of the main feed classes individually – concentrates (grain, soy, by-products; supporting production of all livestock), processed roughage (mostly hay and silage) and pasture – which is key given these classes' widely disparate environmental costs. It was found that for the current US food system and national diet, concentrates are partitioned as follows: beef 0·21±0·112, poultry 0·27±0·046, dairy 0·24±0·041, pork 0·23±0·093 and eggs 0·04±0·018. Pasture and processed roughage, consumed only by cattle, are 0·92±0·034 and 0·87±0·031 due to beef, with the remainder due to dairy. In a follow-up paper, the devised methodology will be employed to partition total land, irrigated water, greenhouse gases and reactive nitrogen burdens incurred by feed production among the five edible livestock categories.
Long-term community-based monitoring of tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis on Mindoro Island, Philippines
Authors: Ishihara Shinya , Boyles Rodel M. , Matsubayashi Hisashi , del Barrio Arnel N. , Cebrian Merben R. , Ishida Aiko , Lapitan Rosalina M. , Atabay Eufrocina P. , Cruz Libertado C. , Kanai Yukio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Critically Endangered tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis is endemic to Mindoro Island, Philippines, and little is known of its ecology. During 2006–2011 we used community-based monitoring to examine the population status and ecology of tamaraw in the species’ core habitat of Mount Iglit–Baco National Park. Each year, for 5 consecutive days at the end of the dry season, trained local volunteers and rangers or project staff were allocated to 18 vantage points in the study area (c. 160 km2). Tamaraw were categorized as adult (> 5 years), juvenile (2–5 years) or calf (< 2 years), and sexed when possible. During the study period the population was 239–314 (mean 271), with no significant fluctuations in age structure (percentage of adults, juveniles and calves: 57.8, 21.0 and 21.3%) or estimated adult female reproductive rates (29.1%). In adults, but not in juveniles, the sex ratio was biased towards females (1 : 1.86, P < 0.01). Bulls were often solitary (32.2% of sightings), whereas the majority of cows (94.7%) formed small groups of 2–12 individuals of different ages, with or without bulls (53.4 and 46.6%, respectively). These results demonstrate that the population remained relatively stable, maintaining a constant age structure and reproductive rate, and that long-term community-based monitoring was effective for quantitative characterization of the tamaraw's social behaviour, which is critical for conservation and management of the species.
Effects of climate and forest age on plant and caterpillar diversity in the Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Essens Tijl , Leyequién Euridice , Pozo Carmen , Vester Henricus F. M. , Hernández-Arana Hector A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Understanding patterns in plant and herbivorous insect diversity across spatial and temporal scales is fundamental to ecology, but comparative multi-taxonomic studies in tropical seasonally dry forests remain scarce. In 36 sites, distributed over three forest age classes (5–10 y, 10–30 y, >100 y) and three seasonal forest types (dry, intermediate, humid), we sampled plants of different stem diameter classes while caterpillars were sampled across vertically distributed forest layers during three seasons over the year. We recorded 299 plant species and 485 caterpillar morphospecies. For large woody plants, species numbers showed a gradually increasing trend with forest age in the intermediate and humid forest types, while the main portion of explained variation in overall species turnover was accounted for by the forest type × forest age interaction (21.3–23.1% of 44.4–48.7%). Ordinations and multivariate pairwise comparisons suggested a faster but also very distinct successional development of species diversity of large plants in the driest compared with humid and intermediate forest types. In contrast, highest species numbers of small plants in the undergrowth was often found in the 5–10 y-old vegetation across forest types, whereas forest type was the major factor in overall species turnover (contributing 24.2% of 48.7% explained variation). Caterpillar species turnover was most correlated to species turnover of small plants; however, variation in caterpillar species diversity appears to be mostly regulated by seasonal cues, and to a lesser extent by patterns of regional turnover and local diversity of undergrowth plant species.
Frequencies and spatial distributions ofCryptosporidiumin livestock animals and children in the Ismailia province of Egypt
Authors: HELMY Y. A. , VON SAMSON-HIMMELSTJERNA G. , NÖCKLER K. , ZESSIN K.-H. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYFaecal samples from 804 cattle and buffaloes and 165 diarrhoeal children of Ismailia province were investigated by an immunochromatographic screening test and PCR to determine prevalences and distributions ofCryptosporidiumspp. Results were analysed statistically for clustering of animal and human cases.Cryptosporidiumherd prevalence was 73·3% and individual animal prevalence 32·3%.C. parvumwas the dominant species in animals (65·7%). Young calves watered with canal or underground water were at particular risk of infection. Detection rates were higher when calves showed diarrhoea, fever and dehydration. HumanCryptosporidiumprevalence was 49·1%.C. hominisdominated in humans (60·5%), followed byC. parvum(38·3%). Living in villages, drinking underground water and having contact with animals were risk factors. Cluster analysis revealed differences in the distribution of infections between animals and humans and suggests different transmission dynamics.
Effect of ethnicity on care pathway and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the UK
Authors: NYLAND G. A. , McKENZIE B. C. , MYLES P. R. , SEMPLE M. G. , LIM W. S. , OPENSHAW P. J. M. , READ R. C. , TAYLOR B. L. , BRETT S. J. , McMENAMIN J. , ENSTONE J. E. , BANNISTER B. , NICHOLSON K. G. , NGUYEN-VAN-TAM J. S. 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYData were extracted from the case records of UK patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. White and non-White patients were characterized by age, sex, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave and indicators of pre-morbid health status. Logistic regression examined differences by ethnicity in patient characteristics, care pathway and clinical outcomes; multivariable models controlled for potential confounders. Whites (n = 630) and non-Whites (n = 510) differed by age, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave of admission, pregnancy, recorded obesity, previous and current smoking, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After adjustment fora prioriconfounders non-Whites were less likely to have received pre-admission antibiotics [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·68,P < 0·001) but more likely to receive antiviral drugs as in-patients (aOR 1·53, 95% CI 1·08–2·18,P = 0·018). However, there were no significant differences by ethnicity in delayed admission, severity at presentation for admission, or likelihood of severe outcome.
Fourier transform infrared identification of the ν5(σ
u) fundamental of SiC5Si
Authors: Lê T. H. , Rittby C. M. L. , Graham W. R. M. 
Published: August 2014

The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of SiC5Si was observed by trapping the vapor from the Nd:YAG laser ablation of sintered Si/C rods in solid Ar at ∼20 K. Measurements of 13C and 29,30Si isotopic shifts have enabled the identification of the ν5(σu) vibrational fundamental of the linear isomer of SiC5Si at 1590.8 ± 0.2 cm−1. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level. A second fundamental, ν4(σu), can only be tentatively identified at 2021.0 cm−1, because its isotopic shifts are overlapped by absorptions from other species.
Hepatic mTORC1 controls locomotor activity, body temperature, and lipid metabolism through FGF21
Authors: Cornu Marion , Oppliger Wolfgang , Albert Verena , Robitaille Aaron M. , Trapani Francesca , Quagliata Luca , Fuhrer Tobias , Sauer Uwe , Terracciano Luigi , Hall Michael N. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls cell growth and metabolism in response to nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy. Aberrant mTORC1 signaling is implicated in human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Our results reveal that ectopic mTORC1 activation in the liver controls the stress hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)–dependent manner via glutamine depletion, which in turn affects whole-body behavior and metabolism. mTORC1 signaling correlates with FGF21 expression in human liver tumors, suggesting that our findings in mice may have physiological relevance in glutamine-addicted human cancers. Thus, treatment with the anticancer drug rapamycin may have beneficial effects by blocking tumor growth and by preventing deregulation of whole-body physiology due to FGF21 expression.
Identification and characterization of a mycobacterial NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase with superior reduction of diacetyl to (S)-acetoin
Authors: Takeda Minoru , Anamizu Shiori , Motomatsu Shigekazu , Chen Xue , Thapa Chhetri Rajan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
An enzyme capable of reducing acetoin in the presence of NADH was purified from Mycobacterium sp. B-009, a non-clinical bacterial strain of soil origin. The enzyme is a homotetramer and can be classified as a medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase based on the molecular weight of the monomer. Identification of the structural gene revealed a limited distribution of homologous genes only among actinomycetes. In addition to its activity as a reductase specific for (S)-acetoin (EC 1.1.1.76), the enzyme showed both diacetyl reductase (EC 1.1.1.304) and NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activities. (S)-Acetoin and diacetyl reductases belong to a group of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductases but do not have superior abilities to dehydrogenate monoalcohols. Thus, the purified enzyme can be readily distinguished from other enzymes. We used the dual functionality of the enzyme to effectively reduce diacetyl to (S)-acetoin, coupled with the oxidation of 1-butanol.
An implementation of Bayesian lensing shear measurement
Authors: Sheldon Erin S. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Bayesian gravitational shear estimation algorithm developed by Bernstein & Armstrong can potentially be used to overcome multiplicative noise bias and recover shear using very low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) galaxy images. In that work, the authors confirmed that the method is nearly unbiased in a simplified demonstration, but no test was performed on images with realistic pixel noise. Here, I present a full implementation for fitting models to galaxy images, including the effects of a point spread function (PSF) and pixelization. I tested the implementation using simulated galaxy images modelled as Sérsic profiles with n = 1 (exponential) and n = 4 (De Vaucouleurs’), convolved with a PSF and a flat pixel response function. I used a round Gaussian model for the PSF to avoid potential PSF-fitting errors. I simulated galaxies with mean observed, post-PSF full width at half-maximum equal to approximately 1.2 times that of the PSF, with lognormal scatter. I also drew fluxes from a lognormal distribution. I produced independent simulations, each with pixel noise tuned to produce different mean S/N ranging from 10–1000. I applied a constant shear to all images. I fitted the simulated images to a model with the true Sérsic index to avoid modelling biases. I recovered the input shear with fractional error Δg/g &lt; 2 × 10−3 in all cases. In these controlled conditions, and in the absence of other multiplicative errors, this implementation is sufficiently unbiased for current surveys and approaches the requirements for planned surveys.
Effects of genetic variations on microRNA: target interactions
Authors: Liu Chaochun , Rennie William A. , Carmack C. Steven , Kanoria Shaveta , Cheng Jijun , Lu Jun , Ding Ye 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Genetic variations within microRNA (miRNA) binding sites can affect miRNA-mediated gene regulation, which may lead to phenotypes and diseases. We perform a transcriptome-scale analysis of genetic variants and miRNA:target interactions identified by CLASH. This analysis reveals that rare variants tend to reside in CDSs, whereas common variants tend to reside in the 3′ UTRs. miRNA binding sites are more likely to reside within those targets in the transcriptome with lower variant densities, especially target regions in which nucleotides have low mutation frequencies. Furthermore, an overwhelming majority of genetic variants within or near miRNA binding sites can alter not only the potential of miRNA:target hybridization but also the structural accessibility of the binding sites and flanking regions. These suggest an interpretation for certain associations between genetic variants and diseases, i.e. modulation of miRNA-mediated gene regulation by common or rare variants within or near miRNA binding sites, likely through target structure alterations. Our data will be valuable for discovering new associations among miRNAs, genetic variations and human diseases.