bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactic acidosis occurrence during exercises in the smoke chamber in a 53-year-old firefighter with no significant medical history
Authors: Bronisz Agata , Spychalska Magdalena , Szafrańska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLactic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap, reduced rate of arterial blood pH under 7.35 mmol/l, and lactic acid concentration over 7 mmol/l. In the literature we can find some descriptions of the cases of lactic acidosis in patients with severe systemic diseases (cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, sepsis, diabetes with cardiovascular disease and after organ transplantations). We present the case of lactic acidosis in a patient with no chronic disease — a firefighter in whom lactic acidosis has developed during standard exercises in the smoke chamber.
Les guerres contre les Volsques et les Èques, une cause oubliée de la prise de Rome par les Gaulois ?
Authors: Engerbeaud Mathieu 
Published: April 2014

La catastrophe gauloise, survenue à Rome au début du iv e siècle avant J.-C, a été détachée de son contexte militaire et politique par une réappropriation mémorielle tardive. Les témoignages littéraires omettent une partie des origines stratégiques et tactiques du désastre de l’Allia, et l’expliquent à l’aide de récits faisant entrer cet épisode dans la mythologie civique. Or, les récits de Diodore de Sicile et de Tite-Live retracent une partie du contexte militaire de l’événement. En effet, le conflit qui oppose les Romains aux Volsques et aux Èques dans la région de l’Algide présente des signes d’évolution de nature à mettre en péril la position latine dans la région. Cette pression a peut-être suffisamment perturbé l’organisation militaire et politique romaine, ce qui constituerait une explication supplémentaire au désordre des Romains rencontré devant l’expédition gauloise.
Le Mémorial de Verdun et les enjeux de la mémoire combattante, 1959-2011
Authors: Anglaret Anne-Sophie 
Published: April 2014

Oublié des media, sinon du public, le Mémorial de Verdun semble perdre sa place d’honneur parmi les musées de la Grande Guerre. Il présente pourtant une nette spécificité par rapport à l’Historial de Péronne ou au musée de Meaux : il a été voulu et pensé par les anciens combattants, soucieux dans les années 1960 d’assurer la transmission de leur mémoire. L’histoire de la construction du Mémorial témoigne de leur fort investissement affectif, parfois source de conflits. Le musée, financé par un appel au don qui rappelle le grand mouvement national autour de la construction de l’ossuaire de Douaumont, s’est intégré dans la zone rouge et a contribué à la modifier profondément, grâce aux aménagements financés par les entrées. Le parcours historique présenté a aujourd’hui évolué : autrefois modelé par la mémoire combattante, il a intégré de nouveaux enjeux historiographiques. Malgré tout, sa modernisation s’avère problématique : l’ancienneté du Mémorial est ainsi à la fois son atout, gage d’authenticité, et un frein à son évolution, en raison d’un phénomène de path dependence .
Forger le « soldat chrétien ». L'encadrement catholique des troupes pontificales et royales en France en 1568-1569
Authors: Boltanski Ariane 
Published: April 2014

Cet article examine un moment crucial de l’histoire de l’Église dans ses rapports à l’institution militaire, quand la papauté formalise véritablement, en s’appuyant sur les jésuites, un modèle du « soldat chrétien », qui va désormais orienter toute la conception de la guerre et de la discipline aux armées déployée par la Contre-Réforme en Europe. Ce modèle va se diffuser progressivement sur les différents champs de bataille de la chrétienté dans la seconde moitié du xvi e et au xvii e siècle. Mais il est mis en pratique pour la première fois en France durant la troisième guerre civile, précisément lors de la campagne militaire de 1569, à l’occasion de l’envoi par Pie V à Charles IX d’un contingent pontifical pour appuyer le roi dans sa guerre contre les réformés. L’engagement en France de ces soldats italiens est associé à la formation d’une aumônerie jésuite, pour les encadrer religieusement, et à la rédaction par Antonio Possevino d’un manuel du soldat chrétien, premier manuel officiel composé sous l’égide de la Compagnie de Jésus, pour enseigner aux soldats et, surtout, aux nobles qui les commandent à bien mener une guerre sainte. Dans l’optique de la lutte multiforme contre les ennemis de l’Église sous Pie V (1566-1572), ce dispositif engage un processus de disciplinarisation des troupes, mais s’attache d’abord à transformer l’archétype du chevalier en quête de gloire en une éthique du service de Dieu dans un but d’efficacité militaire. Cet article explore la mise en place, en France en 1569, de ce dispositif d’encadrement religieux : il observe la manière dont ce modèle se confronte aux valeurs et pratiques nobiliaires ; il s’interroge sur ses relations avec la violence de guerre déployée lors de la bataille de Moncontour, tout en constatant l’incapacité des aumôniers jésuites à soumettre les combattants à cette discipline dévote.
Differential Ability of Surface and Endosomal TLRs To Induce CD8 T Cell Responses In Vivo
Authors: Mandraju Rajakumar , Murray Sean , Forman James , Pasare Chandrashekhar 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
TLR activation on dendritic cells (DCs) induces DC maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, both of which are important for activation and differentiation of CD4 T cells. The importance of TLR activation on DCs for CD8 T cell responses is less clear. In this study, we tested the ability of different TLRs to regulate CD8 T cell responses to pathogens. We found that although all TLRs are able to induce CD8 T cell activation in vitro, there are profound differences in their ability to activate CD8 T cells in vivo. The nucleic acid recognizing endosomal TLRs, TLR3 and TLR9, had a potent ability to induce CD8 T cell activation. However, the surface TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4, that recognize bacterial ligands were not only incapable of inducing CD8 T cell priming, but they had a dominant effect of inhibiting CD8 T cell expansion induced by activation of endosomal TLRs. We found that TLR2 and TLR4, acting in a MyD88-dependent manner, influenced CD8 T cell priming by altering the composition of DCs in the draining lymph nodes. Our results have important implications for combined bacterial and viral infections and suggest that bacterial infections could constrain the ability of the host to mount effective antiviral CD8 T cell immunity.
Gynaecomastia correction: A review of our experience
Authors: Mohan Arvind , Khan Muhammad Adil Abbas , Srinivasan Karthik , Roberts Jeremy 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Gynaecomastia is a common problem in the male population with a reported prevalence of up to 36%. Various treatment techniques have been described but none have gained universal acceptance. We reviewed all gynaecomastia patients operated on by one consultant over a 7-year period to assess the morbidity and complication rates associated with the procedure. Materials and Methods: Clinical notes and outpatient records of all patients who underwent gynaecomastia correction at University Hospital North Staffordshire between 01/10/2001 to 01/10/2009 were retrospectively reviewed. A modified version of the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire was used to assess patients satisfaction with the procedure. Results: Twenty-nine patients and a total of 53 breasts were operated on during the study period. Patients underwent either liposuction alone (6 breasts - 11.3%), excision alone (37 breasts - 69.8%) or both excision and liposuction (10 breasts - 18.9%). Twelve operated breasts (22.6%) experienced some form of complication. Minor complications included seroma (2 patients), superficial wound dehiscence (2 patients) and minor bleeding not requiring theatre (3 patients). Two patients developed haematomas requiring evacuation in theatre. No cases of wound infection, major wound dehiscence or revision surgery were encountered. Twenty-six patients (89.7%) returned the patient satisfaction questionnaire. Patients scored an average 4.12 with regards comfort of their chest in different settings, 3.98 with regards chest appearance in different settings, and 4.22 with regards satisfaction levels for themselves and their partner/family. Overall complication rate was 22.6%. Grade III patients experienced the highest complication rate (35.7%), followed by grade II (22.7%) and grade I (17.6%). Overall complication rates among the excision only group was the highest (29.8%) followed by the liposuction only group (16.7%) and the liposuction and excision group (10.0%). There were high satisfaction rates amongst both patients and surgeon. Eleven patients (37.9%) had their outcome classified as ‘excellent’ by the operating surgeon, 16 patients (55.2%) as ‘good’, 1 (3.4%) as ‘satisfactory’ and 1(3.4%) as ‘poor’. Conclusion: Gynaecomastia is a complex condition which poses a significant challenge to the plastic surgeon. Despite the possible complications our case series demonstrates that outcomes of operative correction can be favourable and yield high levels of satisfaction from both patient and surgeon.
Inter-observer reliability of clinical measurement of suprasternal notch-nipple distance and breast ptosis
Authors: Hansson Emma , Manjer Jonas , Ringberg Anita 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Context: Suprasternal notch-nipple distance and breast ptosis are two measurements that are often used in everyday plastic surgical clinical practice. Nonetheless, the reliability of standard breast measurements has never been tested. Aim: The aim of the present study was to test the inter-observer reliability of clinical measurement of ptosis and suprasternal notch-nipple distance. Settings and Design: Six raters measured ptosis and suprasternal notch-nipple distance in 12 breasts on the same day. Statistical Analysis Used: Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients, the coefficient of variation (CV) and Bland-Altman plots. Results and Conclusions: The results show that there is certain variation between different raters. The ICC of average measures between raters is 0.92 for the ptosis and 0.94 for the suprasternal notch-nipple distance, that is, the agreement between different raters is high. According to the Bland—Altman plots, the overall assessment of the comparisons of measurements between the different raters shows that the direction of the mean differences is close to zero. This study shows that there is a good reliability for measurements of suprasternal notch-nipple distance and ptosis. Nonetheless, there is a slight inter-rater variability in the measurements. Even though standardised, measurement of breasts is not an exact science and care has to be taken when the measurements are performed. The surgeon should have this in mind when measurements are used in clinical practice to evaluate breasts and to choose the right surgical method, as well as when guidelines for indications for surgery are set up.
Assessment of Cortical Dysfunction in Infantile Esotropia Using fMRI
Authors: Yang Xubo , Zhang Junran , Lang Lijuan , Gong Qiyong , Liu Longqian 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is popular in the field of neuroimaging. The aim of this study was to explore the neural basis of infantile esotropia and locate the cortical region of fusion function defects using blood oxygen level—dependent fMRI (BOLD-fMRI). Methods Subjects (5 with infantile esotropia and 8 normal) were presented with a visual stimulus (letter E). The BOLD-fMRI was used to measure the visual cortex response as the distance between the E and the eyes changing from 20 to 100 cm using a block experimental design. Data were processed offline using statistical parametric mapping and compared between the 2 groups. Results Areas activated in the visual cortex of normal subjects were located in the bilateral frontal gyrus and left lingual visual cortex (p<0.001). The BOLD signal in the left cingulate gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and left angular gyrus was higher in the infantile esotropia group than in the controls (p<0.001). None of the visual cortical areas showed higher signal in the control individuals than in those with infantile esotropia (p<0.001). Conclusions The bilateral frontal gyrus and left lingual visual cortex regulate normal fusion function in human eyes. In infantile esotropia, the left cingulate gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and left angular gyrus visual cortex may compensate for the fusion dysfunction. These insights may help improve the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus.
Optical and Visual Simulation of Standard and Modified Spherical Aberration Implantable Collamer Lens Post Myopic LASIK Surgery
Authors: Pérez-Vives Cari , Belda-Salmerón Lurdes , García-Lázaro Santiago , Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , Montés-Micó Robert 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To evaluate the visual quality achieved in patients undergoing standard or modified implantable Collamer lens (ICL) to correct residual myopic error after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. Methods The adaptive optics visual simulator was used to simulate LASIK surgery of moderate and high myopia with a myopic regression corrected by a standard and modified ICL. Visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were measured in 14 subjects at 3- and 4.5-mm pupil. Point spread function and simulated retinal images were calculated. Results Comparing LASIK plus standard ICL and LASIK plus modified ICL simulations, for moderate myopia, VA improvement was less than 1 line in all VA contrasts and both pupils evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found in CS between the simulations at any spatial frequency evaluated and for 3-mm pupil (p>0.05), but differences were significant at 4.5-mm pupil (p<0.05). For high myopia, the VA improvement was less than 1 line at 3-mm pupil, although it increased 2 or more lines at 4.5-mm pupil. Statistically significant differences were found in CS between the simulations for all spatial frequencies and both pupils evaluated (p<0.05), except for low and medium spatial frequencies at 3-mm pupil (p>0.05). Conclusions These outcomes suggest that an ICL is a good option to correct the myopic residual error after myopic LASIK. When the ICL's spherical aberration is modified, the post-LASIK eyes of high myopia are the most benefited, as these eyes are more aberrated than after moderate myopic LASIK.
Increased Central Corneal Thickness in Patients with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Nalcacioglu-Yüksekkaya Pinar , Sen Emine , Onder Asan , Cetinkaya Semra , Tos Tulay , Kurtul Ece , Aycan Zehra 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To evaluate central corneal thickness (CCT) values in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) and compare these values with healthy subjects. Methods A total of 31 subjects with TS and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects made up the study and control group, respectively. The CCT values were measured by an ultrasound pachymeter in this cross-sectional prospective study. The ocular findings were recorded. We also evaluated to effect of karyotype analysis, recombinant growth hormone therapy (GHT), and mean duration of treatment on the CCT parameter in patients with TS. Results The mean CCT values were 582.0 ± 40.8 μm (490-648) in the TS and 549.1 ± 34.6 μm (494-601) in the healthy group. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann applanation tonometry was 16.3 ± 3.1 mm Hg (9-22) in the TS and 15.2 ± 2.5 mm Hg (10-21) in the healthy group. The mean CCT value was significantly higher in the TS group (p<0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for IOP (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference for CCT regarding the karyotype, GHT use, and mean duration of treatment in patients with TS (p>0.05). Conclusions Central corneal thickness values should be considered during measurement of IOP in individuals with TS as these values may be higher than in healthy subjects.
Clinical Features of Patients with Episcleritis and Scleritis in an Italian Tertiary Care Referral Center
Authors: Berchicci Luigi , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Di Nicola Maura , La Spina Carlo , Bandello Francesco , Modorati Giulio 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To evaluate demographic characteristics, clinical features, systemic disease associations, visual outcomes, and treatment modalities of patients with episcleritis and scleritis in an Italian tertiary care referral center. Methods Data from 25 patients with episcleritis and from 85 patients with scleritis followed from 2003 to 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The main outcome measures were demographics, ocular disease characteristics, presence of systemic associated disease, treatment regimen, and follow-up period. Results Episcleritis and scleritis were found bilaterally in 24% and 31% of patients, respectively (p<0.521). The episcleritis was diffuse in 15 and focal in 10 patients, while the scleritis was diffuse in 49, nodular in 28, necrotizing in 6, and posterior in 2 patients. Anterior uveitis (4% vs 31%; p<0.006), peripheral ulcerative keratitis (0% vs 14%; p<0.167), ocular hypertension (0% vs 7%; p<0.333), and a decrease in visual acuity (4% vs 19%; p<0.112) were encountered as ocular complications in patients with episcleritis and patients with scleritis, respectively. An associated systemic disease was found in 20% and 52% of patients with episcleritis and patients with scleritis (p<0.004). Among patients with episcleritis, 76% required topical corticosteroid treatment to achieve disease resolution, 16% oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and 8% antivirals; 39% of patients with scleritis required systemic NSAIDs, 12% oral corticosteroids, 34% immunosuppressive drugs, and 15% antibiotics or antivirals. Conclusions The importance of differentiating scleritis from episcleritis is remarkable given the significant difference in the degree of ocular complications and associated systemic diseases between these ocular conditions. Prompt diagnosis, systemic assessment, and treatment are fundamental in all patients with scleral inflammation.
Overweight, Obesity and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Huaizhen , Yang Shengjie , Zhang Jinjun , Qian Liwei , Chen Xiaowen 
Published: April 2014

Aim Findings from recent studies suggest that obesity may be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but several earlier studies were less conclusive. Here we strive to estimate this relationship in a meta-analysis of published data. Methods We searched Pubmed and Embase for studies on body mass index and the risk of endometrial cancer, published from 1989 to 2011. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending on the degree of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the conditions of excess body weight ([EBW] defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and overweight (25< BMI <30 kg/m2) were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (relative risk [RR] for EBW=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.89; for obesity RR=2.54, 95% CI, 2.11-3.06; for overweight RR=1.32, 95% CI, 1.16-1.50). Subgroup analyses showed that the positive associations were independent of study design, geographic locations, self-reported BMI, alcohol use, smoking habit, history of diabetes, hormone therapy, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, and age at first full term pregnancy. However, there was no statistically significant association between EBW and endometrial cancer risk for measured BMI (for EBW RR=1.29, 95% CI, 0.66-2.53). Conclusions The findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that the conditions of EBW, overweight, and obesity are all associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Also, the strength of the association increases with increasing BMI.
A PNA-Mediated Clamping PCR for Routine Detection of KRAS Mutations in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Messa Francesca , Tonissi Federica , Millo Enrico , Bracco Enrico , Ungari Silvana , Lattanzio Laura , Merlano Marco , Damonte Gianluca , Lo Nigro Cristiana 
Published: April 2014

The detection of somatic mutations in a tumor represents a valuable tool for tumor characterization and provides the clinicians with information for setting up the most appropriate therapy. KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 are important biomarkers routinely analyzed in the clinic for the management of anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Here we report a sensitive and inexpensive assay for KRAS mutations based on a PNA-mediated PCR clamping. The assay displays very high sensitivity (0.7%) and specificity (96.7%) when compared to traditional sequencing (SS) and pyrosequencing (PS), two of the most commonly and routinely used methods employed today by diagnostic laboratories. Furthermore, the PNA assay requires only basic and low-cost laboratory equipment, in contrast with all the most recent PCR-based technologies, which are highly sensitive but also much more expensive. Finally, despite the PNA assay does not allow for the definition of specific mutations, it is the cheapest and easiest screening method to firstly stratify wild-type and mutated patients, information that is strictly necessary to clinicians for the management of CRC and anti-EGFR treatment.
A New Ergostane Triterpenoid from a Solid Culture of the Basidiomycete Inocybe lilacina
Authors: Liu Dong-Ze , Liu Qi , Yang Ping , Jiang Wen-Xia 
Published: April 2014

1
A new and rare ergostane triterpenoid, 4α-methyl-3α,4β-dihydroxy-ergost-8,24(28)-dien-7,11- dion-25-al (), was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Inocybe lilacina, and its structure established on the basis of spectral methods (MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR).
« Lève-toi! Aie le courage de vivre! »
Authors: Bernier-Monod Agathe 
Published: March 2014

Première théoricienne allemande de l’émancipation féminine, Hedwig Dohm (1831-1919) commence à publier des romans et des essais polémiques au cours des années 1860. « La vieille femme », pamphlet paru en 1903, livre un rare témoignage sur la position du féminisme historique à l’égard du vieillissement au féminin. Dohm y décrit la difficile condition des femmes âgées dans l’Allemagne de l’Empire. Elle dénonce notamment le discours normatif qui pèse sur elles et élabore, en réponse à cet état de prostration forcée, un art de vivre du grand âge. Cette lecture examinera les perspectives de libération que le mouvement féministe historique offrait aux aînées.
Le vieillissement au féminin et au masculin chez Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Le Bras-Chopard Armelle 
Published: March 2014

Le vieillissement est un thème majeur et mal connu de l’oeuvre de Simone de Beauvoir. Elle y revient en permanence dans tous ses écrits, y consacre à titre principal certains de ses ouvrages (dont La vieillesse). Son mérite est de réintégrer les femmes dans une analyse globale de la vieillesse qui en considère tous les aspects, biologiques, sociaux, psychologiques… Simone de Beauvoir évalue les effets de la vieillesse communs aux deux sexes et la situation particulière à chacun. Pour qu’il n’y ait plus de personnes exclues, elle appelle à modifier les rapports sociaux de sexe et entre les générations : « changer la vie ».