bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcine G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) Expression is Regulated During Adipogenesis and Short‐Term In‐Vivo Nutritional Interventions
Authors: Ahn Jinsoo , Oh Shin‐Ae , Suh Yeunsu , Moeller Steven J. , Lee Kichoon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzing the initial step of hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipocytes, has been known to be inhibited by G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2). In this study, we report the porcine G0S2 cDNA and amino acid sequences as well as the expression level of porcine G0S2. The porcine G0S2 mRNA was abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and liver among various tissues. In adipose tissue, porcine G0S2 expression was 16‐fold higher in the fat cell fraction than the stromal vascular fraction. The G0S2 level increased significantly during adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These data indicate that G0S2 expression is closely associated with lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. Considering G0S2 as an inhibitor of cell proliferation, the relatively low levels of G0S2 in preadipocytes and adipose tissues of fetal and neonatal pigs compared to adipocytes and adipose tissues of adult pigs may allow the fast cell proliferation rates. Further studies showed that a short‐term 24‐h fast down‐regulated G0S2 expression and increased ATGL expression in adipose tissue; however, a long‐term calorie restriction for 8 days had no influence on the level of G0S2 but increased ATGL expression. Therefore, porcine G0S2, which is both a negative regulator of ATGL‐mediated lipolysis and cell proliferation in adipose tissue, can be down‐regulated in vivo by a short‐term 24‐h fast followed by increased ATGL‐mediated lipolysis.
Central simple algebras of prime exponent and divided power operations
Authors: Sivatski A.S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet p be a prime and F a field of characteristic different from p. Suppose all p-primary roots of unity are contained in F. Let α ∈ pBr(F) which has a cyclic splitting field. We prove that γi(α) = 0 for all i ≥ 2, where γi : pBr(F) → K2i(F)/pK2i(F) are the divided power operations of degree p. We also show that if char F ≠ 2, √−1 ∈ F*. D ∈2 Br(F), indD = 8 and a ∈ F* such that ind DF(√a) = 4, then γ3(D) = {a,s}γ2(D) for some s ∈ F*. Consequently, we prove that if D, considered as a division algebra, has a subfield of degree 4 of certain type, then γ3(D) = 0. At the end of the paper we pose a few open questions.
CONJUGACY CLASS SIZE CONDITIONS WHICH IMPLY SOLVABILITY
Authors: KONG QINGJUN , LIU QINGFENG 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet $G$ be a finite $p$-solvable group and let ${G}^{\ast } $ be the set of elements of primary and biprimary orders of $G$. Suppose that the conjugacy class sizes of ${G}^{\ast } $ are $\{ 1, {p}^{a} , n, {p}^{a} n\} $, where the prime $p$ divides the positive integer $n$ and ${p}^{a} $ does not divide $n$. Then $G$ is, up to central factors, a $\{ p, q\} $-group with $p$ and $q$ two distinct primes. In particular, $G$ is solvable.
Lactose malabsorption and colonic fermentations alter host metabolism in rats
Authors: Alexandre Virginie , Even Patrick C. , Larue-Achagiotis Christiane , Blouin Jean-Marc , Blachier François , Benamouzig Robert , Tomé Daniel , Davila Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2013

Lactose malabsorption is associated with rapid production of high levels of osmotic compounds, such as organic acids and SCFA in the colon, suspected to contribute to the onset of lactose intolerance. Adult rats are lactase deficient and the present study was conducted to evaluatein vivothe metabolic consequences of acute lactose ingestion, including host–microbiota interactions. Rats received diets of 25 % sucrose (S25 control group) or 25 % lactose (L25 experimental group). SCFA and lactic acid were quantified in intestinal contents and portal blood. Expression of SCFA transporter genes was quantified in the colonic mucosa. Carbohydrate oxidation (Cox) and lipid oxidation (Lox) were computed by indirect calorimetry. Measurements were performed over a maximum of 13 h. Time, diet and time × diet variables had significant effects on SCFA concentration in the caecum (P< 0·001,P= 0·004 andP= 0·007, respectively) and the portal blood (P< 0·001,P= 0·04 andP< 0·001, respectively). Concomitantly, expression of sodium monocarboxylate significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of the L25 group (P= 0·003 att= 6 h andP< 0·05 att= 8 h). During 5 h after the meal, the L25 group's changes in metabolic parameters (Cox, Lox) were significantly lower than those of the S25 group (P= 0·02). However, after 5 h, L25 Cox became greater than S25 (P= 0·004). Thus, enhanced production and absorption of SCFA support the metabolic changes observed in calorimetry. These results underline the consequences of acute lactose malabsorption and measured compensations occurring in the host's metabolism, presumably through the microbiota fermentations and microbiota–host interactions.
A review on the mechanism of sore throat in tonsillitis
Authors: Bathala S , Eccles R 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:Sore throat is a common condition associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection, and recurrent episodes of infection may result in chronic tonsillitis. The current UK and USA guidelines for tonsillectomy use the incidence of sore throat episodes as an indication for surgery. However, the mechanism of sore throat is poorly described in the literature.Objectives:This review will provide basic information for the clinician regarding: the causes, pathophysiology and neurophysiology of sore throat; the mechanism of inflammation; and the role of transient receptor potential ion channels as nociceptors involved in sore throat. The review will present new ideas on the mechanism of ice therapy as an analgesic for post-tonsillectomy pain, and the role of vanilloid and cold receptors.
Unilateral sudden hearing loss as the first presenting symptom of moyamoya disease
Authors: Tseng L-S , Luo S-D 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:We describe a rare case of sudden onset of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss occurring as the first symptom of moyamoya disease, which is characterised by progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their proximal anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries.Method:Case report and review of the world literature regarding moyamoya disease with hearing loss.Results:The reported patient had moyamoya disease that initially presented as sudden, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed occlusion of the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and distal internal carotid arteries bilaterally. The possible mechanism of this patient's sudden sensorineural hearing loss may have been vascular occlusion resulting from thrombotic narrowing or blockage by plaque.Conclusion:The described patient represents the first reported case of sudden onset, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss occurring as the first symptom of moyamoya disease. The possibility of a vascular lesion such as moyamoya disease should be considered in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, especially children, young adults and Asian patients. Due to this disease's poor outcome, early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent stroke.
Evaluation of antioxidant treatment in presbyacusis: prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial
Authors: Polanski J F , Cruz O L 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:There are many well-known aetiological mechanisms of presbyacusis, and free radicals have been shown to play an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antioxidant agents on the hearing threshold of patients with presbyacusis.Methods:One hundred and twenty individuals were divided into four groups and received one of the following treatment schemes: ginkgo biloba dry extract, α-lipoic acid plus vitamin C, papaverine chlorhydrate plus vitamin E, or placebo. All participants were evaluated at recruitment and after six months, using pure tone audiometry (at isolated and average frequencies), speech recognition threshold and percentage index of speech recognition.Results:The various treatments had no effect on any of the evaluated measures of hearing, either between groups or over time.Conclusion:There was no statistically significant change in the hearing threshold after treatment with any of the tested drugs, during the study period.
Schleiermacher on Justification: A Departure From the Reformation?
Authors: Nimmo Paul T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn his 1923–4 lectures on the theology of Friedrich Schleiermacher, Karl Barth offered a strikingly negative verdict on Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification, lamenting that it was radically discontinuous with the theology of the Reformation. The core purpose of this article is to assess this verdict in detail. The introduction presents in outline Barth's criticism of Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification from these lectures. The first section of the article provides a summary of the doctrine of justification as it is found in Schleiermacher's mature work, The Christian Faith, together with a brief consideration of the related doctrines of conversion and sanctification, and an exposition of the dogmatic location and inter-relation of the three loci. In the second section, the article proceeds to investigate closely whether three of the central criticisms of Barth pertaining to Schleiermacher's doctrine of justification reflect an accurate reading and adjudication of the underlying material. The criticisms explored are: that for Schleiermacher there is no justification as a free act of God but only a justification which takes place according to the law of nature; that in the event of justification Schleiermacher considers both God and the human being to be active; and that the doctrine of Schleiermacher repeats the heresy of essential righteousness after the fashion of Andreas Osiander. The common theme underlying each charge is that Schleiermacher has departed significantly (and lamentably) from the tradition of the Reformation. The third section of the article proceeds to explore these charges carefully in light of a close reading of Schleiermacher's dogmatic work on justification and related doctrines. In the case of each of the criticisms directed at his doctrine of justification, it is argued that there are strong grounds for asserting that Barth's concerns may be rather misplaced and that – true to his word – Schleiermacher indeed remains in broad dogmatic continuity with the Reformation tradition. In the conclusion, two further theological possibilities are noted. First, it is suggested that, far from leaving the Reformation tradition behind, Schleiermacher's work on justification resonates strongly with one particular reading of Calvin's work which has much currency in contemporary theology. And second, it is suggested that, far from Schleiermacher being the one to depart from the Reformation tradition on justification, it might actually – ironically – be Barth who is more guilty of that charge in view of his own doctrine of justification in the Church Dogmatics.
Meeting Nicodemus: A Case Study in Daring Theological Interpretation
Authors: Ford David F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Nicodemus story can be read as a distillation of the Gospel of John and an example of many of its key features. John 3:1–21 poses a wide range of the problems raised by this most distinctive and mysterious of the four gospels. It shows characteristic practices of John as a reader, writer and teacher. In line with John's theology of the Spirit ‘leading into all the truth’, it also shows him as a daring theologian, opening up fresh interpretations and ways of doing theology beyond the Septuagint and the Synoptic Gospels and even beyond his own Prologue (itself a remarkably daring piece of theology). That same Spirit means that John also expects his readers to be led into further truth, and to improvise on his theology as he himself did on the Septuagint and on the Synoptic traditions. His ways of reading, writing and teaching encourage such a response in the Spirit by creating a work rich in intertextuality, imagery and conceptuality which has a ‘deep plain sense’, superabundant in meaning and always inviting the reader to reread, learn more and interpret afresh. So one challenge for readers now is whether they are open not only to thinking along with John but also to thinking beyond him, in ways appropriate to different people and contexts. But this transformation in thought and imagination is not all: it is inseparable from doing the truth ‘in God’. The mutual involvement of seeing, believing/trusting, knowing and living in love is above all communicated in the drama of John's Gospel, whose backbone is a series of meetings with Jesus and the injunction to follow Jesus. More embracing and fundamental than, for example, doctrinal theology or existential decision-making, is the dramatic reality of encountering other people and following Jesus in all the complexities of life in specific contexts. In John 3:1–21 the encounter of Jesus with Nicodemus is the dramatic heart of the passage, blending into a discourse which itself culminates in the ultimate drama of ‘deeds done in God’. But to stop interpretation there would be to refuse the Johannine invitation to enter into more truth with a view to ‘doing greater things’. So the article ends with two midrashic interpretations of Nicodemus for today.
QuenchML: A semantics-preserving markup language for knowledge representation in quenching
Authors: Varde Aparna S. , Maniruzzaman Mohammed , Sisson Richard D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKnowledge representation (KR) is an important area in artificial intelligence (AI) and is often related to specific domains. The representation of knowledge in domain-specific contexts makes it desirable to capture semantics as domain experts would. This motivates the development of semantics-preserving standards for KR within the given domain. In addition to the storage and analysis of information using such standards, the effect of globalization today necessitates the publishing of information on the Web. Thus, it is advisable to use formats that make the information easily publishable and accessible while developing KR standards. In this article, we propose such a standard called Quenching Markup Language (QuenchML). This follows the syntax of the eXtensible Markup Language and captures the semantics of the quenching domain within the heat treating of materials. We describe the development of QuenchML, a multidisciplinary effort spanning the realms of AI, database management, and materials science, considering various aspects such as ontology, data modeling, and domain-specific constraints. We also explain the usefulness of QuenchML in semantics-preserving information retrieval and in text mining guided by domain knowledge. Furthermore, we outline the significance of this work in software tools within the field of AI.
White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Executive Function in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gallagher Catherine , Bell Brian , Bendlin Barbara , Palotti Matthew , Okonkwo Ozioma , Sodhi Aparna , Wong Rachel , Buyan-Dent Laura , Johnson Sterling , Wilette Auriel , Harding Sandra , Ninman Nancy , Kastman Erik , Alexander Andrew 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent studies suggest that white matter abnormalities contribute to both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The present study was designed to investigate the degree to which diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) indices are related to executive function in Parkinson's patients. We used tract-based spatial statistics to compare DTI data from 15 patients to 15 healthy, age- and education-matched controls. We then extracted mean values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) within an a priori frontal mask. Executive function composite Z scores were regressed against these DTI indices, age, and total intracranial volume. In Parkinson's patients, FA was related to executive composite scores, and both indices were related to Stroop interference scores. We conclude that white matter microstructural abnormalities contribute to cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Further work is needed to determine whether these white matter changes reflect the pathological process or a clinically important comorbidity. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–6)
Meeting school food standards – students’ food choice and free school meals
Authors: Ensaff Hannah , Russell Jean , Barker Margo E 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine students’ school food choice in relation to school food standards and entitlement to free school meals (FSM).DesignCross-sectional analysis of students’ school food choices.SettingTwo large secondary schools in Yorkshire, England.SubjectsStudents (n 2660) aged 11–18 years.ResultsSandwiches and pizza were the most popular main food items: 40·4 % and 31·2 %, respectively, in School A; 48·3 % and 27·3 %, respectively, in School B. More nutritionally valuable ‘dishes of the day’ accounted for 8·7 % and 8·3 % of main foods for School A and School B, respectively. FSM students were more likely (P < 0·0 0 1) to choose main foods (School A: FSM 87·04 %, non-FSM 70·28 %; School B: FSM 75·43 %, non-FSM 56·13 %). Dishes of the day were chosen on a significantly greater (P < 0·0 0 1) percentage of days by FSM v. non-FSM students (School A: FSM 15·67 %, non-FSM 7·11 %; School B: FSM 19·42 %, non-FSM 5·17 %).ConclusionsDespite the availability of nutritionally valuable dishes of the day, the most popular food items were sandwiches, pizza and desserts. FSM students were more likely to choose the more nutritionally valuable dish of the day. School food standards should be reassessed in light of students’ preferences.
Independent and combined effects of acute physiological hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia on metabolic gene expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Tsintzas Kostas , Norton Luke , Chokkalingam Kamal , Nizamani Nusrat , Cooper Scott , Stephens Francis , Billeter Rudolf , Bennett Andrew 
Published: January 2013

Physiological hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia are strong modulators of gene expression, which underpins some of their well-known effects on insulin action and energy metabolism. The aim of the present study was to examine whether acute in vivo exposure of healthy humans to hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia have independent or additive effects on expression of key metabolic genes in skeletal muscle. On three randomized occasions, seven young subjects underwent a 4 h (i) hyperinsulinaemic (50 m-units·m−2·min−1) hyperglycaemic (10 mmol/l) clamp (HIHG), (ii) hyperglycaemic (10 mmol/l) euinsulinaemic (5 m-units·m−2·min−1) clamp (LIHG) and (iii) hyperinsulinaemic (50 m-units·m−2·min−1) euglycaemic (4.5 mmol/l) clamp (HING). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after each clamp for the determination of expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, and phosphorylation of key insulin signalling proteins. Hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia exerted independent effects with similar direction of modulation on PI3KR1 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, regulatory 1), LXRα (liver X receptor α), PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) and FOXO1 (forkhead box O1A) and produced an additive effect on PI3KR1, the gene that encodes the p85α subunit of PI3K in human skeletal muscle. Acute hyperglycaemia itself altered the expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation [fatty acid transporter (CD36), LCAD (long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and FOXO1], and lipogenesis [LXRα, ChREBP (carbohydrate-responseelement-binding protein), ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) and G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). Surperimposing hyperinsulinaemia on hyperglycaemia modulated a number of genes involved in insulin signalling, glucose metabolism and intracellular lipid accumulation and exerted an additive effect on PI3KR1. These may be early molecular events that precede the development of glucolipotoxicity and insulin resistance normally associated with more prolonged periods of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia.
Active terahertz quantum-cascade composite right/left-handed metamaterial
Authors: Tavallaee Amir A. , Hon Philip W. C. , Chen Qi-Sheng , Itoh Tatsuo , Williams Benjamin S. 
Published: January 2013

We report the demonstration of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial waveguide for terahertz quantum-cascade (QC) lasers. By incorporating gap capacitors (∼250 nm) in the top metallization of a metal-metal waveguide operating in a higher order lateral mode, we have realized a CRLH transmission line that supports traveling modes with negative effective phase indices (i.e., left-handed or backward-wave propagation). The CRLH metamaterial waveguide is employed as an active leaky-wave antenna for a terahertz QC-laser. Directional single-lobed beams launched in the backwards direction at angles of −4° and −63° were experimentally observed at excitation frequencies 2.59 and 2.48 THz, respectively.
Centrarchid Assemblages in Floodplain Lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Alfermann T. J. , Miranda L. E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe family Centrarchidae is a principal and visible component of the ichthyofauna in most warmwater ecosystems in North America, and many of its species provide key recreational fisheries. We examined the significance of various local environmental factors to 13 centrarchid species in 53 floodplain lakes (remnant channels) of the Mississippi alluvial valley to identify major environmental gradients influential in structuring centrarchid assemblages. With few exceptions, changes in forest representation in the land cover, both in the lakeshore and the catchment, had the strongest associations with centrarchid assemblages. Other influential factors included depth, water clarity, and primary productivity. Connectivity to adjacent streams was weakly correlated with centrarchid assemblage structure and correlated only with a small number of species. Lake area did not appear to affect centrarchid assemblages. Recognition that land cover has the strongest correlation with centrarchid assemblage composition suggests a landscape basis for developing management plans. However, conservation and restoration of native centrarchid assemblages in these unique ecosystems will require both watershed management to curtail inputs and in‐lake management to reverse years of neglect.
Length Frequency Age Estimations of American Eel Recruiting to the Upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario
Authors: Zhu Xinhua , Zhao Yingming , Mathers Alastair , Corkum Lynda D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe applied length frequency analysis (LFA) with multiple model inference to estimate the age structure of American EelAnguilla rostratarecruiting to the upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario system between 1975 and 2008. The LFA results were used to derive a composite relative abundance index for 48 cohorts from 1967 to 2004. The size of eel recruits was influenced by both year and season and consistently increased from July to October. Age composition and mean length at age varied greatly from year to year. On average, eels spent about 6 years in the lower St. Lawrence River before they recruited to Lake Ontario. A nonsymmetric distribution function, such as lognormal or Gamma function, was selected to describe length‐at‐age observations of American Eels. Recruiting cohorts appeared to be relatively strong from the late 1960s to the late 1970s but subsequently declined exponentially. Some recovery signs were found for the last 8 years, but cohorts have been weak since 1988. A validation study showed that the LFA with multiple model inference approach can successfully estimate the age structure from length frequency observations. Our results provide scientific support for underlying eel habitat restoration and protection efforts in Lake Ontario and the upper St Lawrence River.