bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability analysis of digitally controlled LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter considering the delay effect
Authors: Lyu Yongcan , Lin Hua , Cui Yesheng 
Published: April 2015

Owing to LCL‐filter resonance, a single loop may not be adequate to stabilise the digitally controlled LCL‐type grid‐connected inverter, thus the capacitor‐current‐feedback active damping is usually introduced. However, the computation and pulse‐width modulation delays of the digitally controlled system significantly affect system stability and damping performance. Moreover, the delay varies when the duty‐ratio update instant and sampling instant are changed. In this study, the Nyquist diagram is used to investigate the system stability taking into consideration the delay effect in the continuous domain. Then, the general conclusions and formulas can be drawn: if the LCL‐filter resonance is above the critical frequency, the Nyquist diagram of single loop may not encircle the critical point, and therefore stabilise the system; and if it is below, a damping strategy is required. However, given the delay effect, the active damping loop may be unstable, and two unstable open‐loop poles will be generated in the grid current loop under certain conditions. Then its Nyquist diagram should encircle the critical point to ensure the system is stable. Furthermore, the restriction of the cross‐over frequency discussed. Experimental results based on a 5 kW prototype have been provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
Analysis, design and realisation of a zero‐current transition pulse‐width modulation interleaved boost power factor correction converter with a zero‐current transition auxiliary circuit
Authors: Wang Chien‐Ming , Lin Chang‐Hua , Cheng Chi‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2015

A zero‐current transition (ZCT) pulse‐width modulation (PWM) interleaved boost power factor correction (PFC) converter with a ZCT auxiliary circuit is presented to achieve ripple current cancelation and ZCT for power switches. The proposed PFC converter adopts a ZCT auxiliary circuit to realise ZCT for power switches and diodes. Thus, the switching losses of active power switches are reduced and the reverse recovery losses of power diodes are eliminated. The interleaved PWM control scheme with constant frequency and constant duty cycle is used in it. Thus, the control circuit is simple and the circuit cost can be reduced. It shapes a close sinusoidal input current waveform, so that an input current waveform with low harmonic can be obtained. The operational principle and design consideration are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results taken from a 1000 W prototype are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PFC converter.
Does a corporate worksite physical activity program reach those who are inactive? Findings from an evaluation of the Global Corporate Challenge
Authors: Macniven Rona , Engelen Lina , Kacen Mia J. , Bauman Adrian 
Published: April 2015

Issue addressedWorkplace physical activity programs can motivate inactive target groups to increase daily activity levels, but it is important to determine their reach and impact.MethodsThe Global Corporate Challenge (GCC) is a team‐based program promoting pedometer‐based self‐monitoring to reach 10 000 steps per day. Participants (n = 587) from an Australian university were recruited and recorded their daily step counts. Demographic, anthropometric, behavioural, self‐reported physical activity and sitting time data were collected at baseline and following the 16‐week program.ResultsOn average, participants self‐estimated 11 638 daily steps in Week 1, increasing to measured estimates of 13 787 daily steps in Week 16 (P < 0.001). At baseline, 92% of survey completers were already meeting the physical activity recommendations, increasing to 98% (P = 0.059) at follow‐up. Four month improvements in objectively assessed anthropometric measures showed small, non‐significant reductions in weight (−0.12 kg; P = 0.416), body mass index (−0.06 kg/m2; P = 0.314) and waist circumference (−0.43 cm; P = 0.082). Sitting time during work decreased significantly by 21 min per day (P < 0.001) and participants with initially low levels of sitting time at work were more likely to increase their step counts during the GCC (adjusted odds ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.03–3.50).ConclusionsAlthough this pedometer‐based program resulted in increases in physical activity and reductions in occupational sedentary behaviour, most participants were already meeting physical activity recommendations at baseline.
How big is a food portion? A pilot study in Australian families
Authors: Collins Clare E. , Bucher Tamara , Taylor Aimee , Pezdirc Kristine , Lucas Hannah , Watson Jane , Rollo Megan , Duncanson Kerith , Hutchesson Melinda J. , Burrows Tracy 
Published: April 2015

Issues addressedIt is not known whether individuals can accurately estimate the portion size of foods usually consumed relative to standard serving sizes in national food selection guides. The aim of the present cross‐sectional pilot study was to quantify what adults and children deem a typical portion for a variety of foods and compare these with the serving sizes specified in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE).MethodsAdults and children were independently asked to serve out their typical portion of 10 common foods (rice, pasta, breakfast cereal, chocolate, confectionary, ice cream, meat, vegetables, soft drink and milk). They were also asked to serve what they perceived a small, medium and large portion of each food to be. Each portion was weighed and recorded by an assessor and compared with the standard AGHE serving sizes.ResultsTwenty‐one individuals (nine mothers, one father, 11 children) participated in the study. There was a large degree of variability in portion sizes measured out by both parents and children, with means exceeding the standard AGHE serving size for all items, except for soft drink and milk, where mean portion sizes were less than the AGHE serving size. The greatest mean overestimations were for pasta (155%; mean 116 g; range 94–139 g) and chocolate (151%; mean 38 g; range 25–50 g), each of which represented approximately 1.5 standard AGHE servings.ConclusionThe findings of the present study indicate that there is variability between parents' and children's estimation of typical portion sizes compared with national recommendations.
Evaluating passive optical clearing protocols for two-photon deep tissue imaging in adult intact visceral and neuronal organs
Authors: Vlieg R.C. , Gillespie C , Lee W.M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractImaging cellular activities in an entire intact whole organ with light is a grand challenge in optical microscopy. To date, most passive clearing techniques were shown to transform brain, neuronal and embryo tissue into near transparent state for deep tissue imaging. Here, we expand these passive clearing protocols from neuronal tissue (brain and spinal cord) to other visceral organs such as liver and colon and further evaluate their “depth-clearing performance” based on image contrast of endogenous fluorescence structures. We found that SeeDB achieves the highest depth in brain, 3DISCO is adept at clearing liver and spinal cord and ScaleViewA2 in colon. Overall, 3DISCO clears more rapidly than other agents but at a higher cost, while ScaleViewA2 is the most economical however at a slower rate. This study, for the first time, provide a direct evaluation of imaging depth, cost and time amongst passive tissue clearing protocols for different intact organs. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of tissue composition in clearing.
Proteins linked to autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive disorders harbor characteristic rare missense mutation distribution patterns
Authors: Turner Tychele N. , Douville Christopher , Kim Dewey , Stenson Peter D. , Cooper David N. , Chakravarti Aravinda , Karchin Rachel 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe role of rare missense variants in disease causation remains difficult to interpret. We explore whether the clustering pattern of rare missense variants (MAF<0.01) in a protein is associated with mode of inheritance. Mutations in genes associated with autosomal dominant (AD) conditions are known to result in either loss or gain of function, whereas mutations in genes associated with autosomal recessive (AR) conditions invariably result in loss of function. Loss-of-function mutations tend to be distributed uniformly along protein sequence, while gain-of-function mutations tend to localize to key regions. It has not previously been ascertained whether these patterns hold in general for rare missense mutations. We consider the extent to which rare missense variants are located within annotated protein domains and whether they form clusters, using a new unbiased method called CLUstering by Mutation Position (CLUMP). These approaches quantified a significant difference in clustering between AD and AR diseases. Proteins linked to AD diseases exhibited more clustering of rare missense mutations than those linked to AR diseases (Wilcoxon P=5.7×10-4, permutation P=8.4×10-4). Rare missense mutation in proteins linked to either AD or AR diseases were more clustered than controls (1000G) (Wilcoxon P=2.8×10-15for AD and P=4.5×10-4for AR, permutation P=3.1×10-12for AD and P=0.03 for AR). Differences in clustering patterns persisted even after removal of the most prominent genes. Testing for such non-random patterns may reveal novel aspects of disease etiology in large sample studies.
Antecedents of philanthropic behavior of health care volunteers
Authors: Alias Siti Noormi , Ismail Maimunah 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to propose a conceptual model of philanthropic behavior of volunteers in the health care sector.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on an extensive review of past research on philanthropic behavior. To conduct the literature review, keywords such as philanthropy, philanthropic behavior, giving, donating, competencies, volunteering and social network in health care were identified.Findings– From the literature reviewed, three groups of antecedents of philanthropic behavior among health care volunteers (HCVs) were identified, viz., individual factors, social factors and organizational factors. This paper proposes social network as a mediating variable in linking the three groups of antecedents with philanthropic behavior. The paper offers a number of propositions which explain the proposed model of philanthropic behavior of HCVs.Practical implications– Further research is suggested to test and validate the framework to provide empirical evidence. Upon model validation, the paper could offer practical interventions for human resource development (HRD) managers to assist philanthropic-based organization toward developing and managing philanthropic behavior of HCVs. The paper highlights the importance of social network to promote individuals to engage in philanthropic actions.Originality/value– The paper yields a new approach in theorizing philanthropic behavior among HCVs by integrating the theory of planned behavior, social identity approach and organizational support theory. The proposed social network as a mediator could provide new insights to the HRD practitioners on developing philanthropic behavior among HCVs subject to model validation. The research contributes to literature in philanthropy, HRD and community development.
Becoming an expert: developing expertise in an applied discipline
Authors: Kuhlmann Diane Orlich , Ardichvili Alexandre 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the development of expertise in an applied discipline by addressing the research question: How is professional expertise developed in an applied profession?

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a grounded theory methodology (GTM), nine technical-tax experts, and three experienced, non-expert tax professionals were interviewed regarding their experience in developing technical-tax expertise. Using GTM procedures, a core concept and variables (categories and properties of categories) were identified. A theory is advanced which explains the interaction of the core concept and the variables.

Findings
– This theory proposes that expertise in applied disciplines occurs through years of engaging in the high-value, non-routine work. Professionals with an intelligence matched to the discipline and willingness to work hard are more likely to be successful in this non-routine work. Professionals who find the discipline fascinating and who revel in ambiguity are likely to repeatedly seek this non-routine work. Finally, professionals in organizations with complex client issues are more likely to have opportunities to engage in non-routine work.

Research limitations/implications
– This study proposed a theory related to a very specific profession – tax accounting. Future research would be appropriate to determine whether other applied disciplines have a similar dynamic in developing expertise.

Originality/value
– Based on existing theories of expertise, this study developed a new theory of how professional expertise is developed in an applied discipline.
The training demand in organizational changes processes in the Spanish wine sector
Authors: Gil Alfonso J. , Garcia-Alcaraz Jorge L. , Mataveli Mara 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of training demand in the organisational changes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper describes the demand of training courses in the Rioja wine sector in Spain and its relation with the changes in the sector carried out in recent years. Through a questionnaire, wineries’ managers asked about the training demand in the sector and change processes. It is proposed, first, the relationship between the demand for training and changes made by companies of Rioja wine in entering new markets and innovation in products and, second, that these changes explain the demand of training in marketing and oenology topics. To confirm the hypotheses, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed.

Findings
– It was found that the relationship between the demand for training and the processes of change, and that the change processes in companies of Rioja wine sector originate a specific demand for training.

Practical implications
– The paper provides a review of the importance of training in changes processes of companies. A critical factor in the change process is the development of workers competencies to cope with the changes in the organisation, but it is also important to develop a culture of change in the organisation.

Originality/value
– This paper provides empirical evidence of the relationship between organisational changes and training demands in a key sector from the Rioja Community in Spain.
Signs and wonders
Authors: Smith Simon , Stokes Peter 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine and assess the reputational impact of the logo and symbols of the UK Standard Investors in People (IiP). The extant literature highlights differing opinions in terms of the likely benefits that IiP generates following achievement of the Standard. This paper focuses specifically on the perceptions of reputational claims made regarding existing employees, potential employees and customers.Design/methodology/approach– The debate is explored through 38 interviews using the perceptions of managers and frontline employees within six IiP-accredited firms and one non-accredited firm.Findings– The study indicates that the logo and symbols of the Standard have minimal meaning and significance for the interviewees and their outlook on potential employees and customers. There were some indications, however, that the wider reputational implications of carrying the logo may have some potentially beneficial effects.Originality/value– The paper concludes that the overarching findings present a potentially serious issue for IiP, and that there is a need to understand further the impact and value of the logo and symbols.
Commercial service charge accounting and audit: a review
Authors: Holt Andrew 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to critique the accounting and auditing requirements of the 2011 RICS Code of Practice, Service Charges in Commercial Property and examines whether the new 2014 version of the RICS Code and its associated accounting guidance note provide a “best practice” framework for service charge accounting and audit. This theoretical discussion is then applied to empirical data obtained from a sample of UK commercial office properties to assess whether current practices used by managing parties for the preparation and review of service charge reconciliation certificates actually embody the principles of best practice.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses inductive reasoning to theorise about how the accounting and auditing of commercial service charges might be improved. The paper also uses a deductive approach to identify whether current commercial service charges accounting and audit practices achieve a theoretical level of best practice. The paper reviews a range of secondary literature and utilises hand-collected data from the service charge documents provided to commercial leaseholders.

Findings
– The paper finds deficiencies within the RICS Code’s requirements for service charge accounting and audit. As a result, empirical evidence is found suggesting that UK commercial service charge accounting and audit practices are inconsistent, lack transparency and provide poor levels of negative assurance for tenants.

Research limitations/implications
– Content analysis requires subjective interpretation on behalf of the researcher.

Originality/value
– Data are original to this research and provide a unique insight as to the accounting and audit practices used by facilities managers, managing agents, accountants and independent auditors within the commercial property sector.
Exploring the interaction between R&D and production in their globalisation
Authors: Cheng Yang , Johansen John , Hu Haibo 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to extend the discussions on globalisation from production to R&D. It investigates how R&D and production interact with each other in their globalisation processes.Design/methodology/approach– The research aim is developed by identifying the gaps in the reviewed literature. This paper is based on four case studies undertaken in one Chinese manufacturing, one Danish pharmaceutical and two Danish manufacturing companies. The cases provide a sound basis for developing an understanding of the interaction between the globalisation of R&D and production.Findings– This paper identifies three approaches the case companies followed to globalise their production and R&D: interactive globalisation, separated globalisation and a possible combination. The paper indicates that research and development might have to be treated separately with regard to their globalisation, and proposes industry and country characteristics as the key factors for globalisation approach selection, and site capability and strategic decision as the impacting factors for globalisation evolution.Originality/value– This paper emphasises the dispersion of R&D activities, which is seldom addressed by existing internationalisation theories. Its investigation provides a foundation for the further extension of current internationalisation theories to consider global R&D. Moreover, the theoretical gap in the existing literature between global R&D and production is noted. This paper bridges this gap by clarifying the interaction between R&D and production in their globalisation, conceptualising three globalisation approaches, and proposing tentative factors that have impacts on approach selection and management.
Partial and iterative Lean implementation: two case studies
Authors: Bamford David , Forrester Paul , Dehe Benjamin , Leese Rebecca Georgina 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation of lean within two contrasting UK-based organizations; a food manufacturer and a healthcare organization. The different contexts provide insight to the strategic desire for efficiency gains and tactical issues and challenges of lean execution and implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research questions developed from the review of the literature were tested using evidence from field-based, action research within a food manufacturer and a National Health Service organization. The reported contrasting case studies contribute to the longer term debate on the adoption and adaptation of lean-based “best practice” within organizations.

Findings
– There are three primary findings: first, that the adoption of lean provides a strategic benefit, as well as providing a basis for a strategy of operational change; second, that partial, as opposed to full, adoption of lean occurs due to external organizational constraints, such as demand patterns, supplier unreliability, little expertise in deploying change programmes, etc.; and third, that a company will balance the adoption of the lean ideology against the financial costs and operational risks incurred in full adoption.

Practical implications
– The conclusions drawn add substantially to the ongoing commentaries on aspects of lean, and develop interesting questions for future research regards the developed “Cycles of Lean Implementation” concept.

Originality/value
– The conclusion proposes that partial implementation of the lean philosophy does not necessarily represent a conscious organizational choice, or any lack of conviction, but is representative of external constraints on the organization. This complements previous commentaries on appropriate strategies and develops interesting questions for future research into operational efficiency.