bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into and relative effect of chitosan-krill oil, chitosan-H-aspirin, chitosan-H-krill oil-nystatin and chitosan-H-krill oil-aspirin-nystatin on dentin bond strength and functional drug delivery capacity: In-vitro studies
Authors: Perchyonok Victoria Tamara , Zhang Shengmiao , Grobler Sias R. , Oberholzer Theunis G. , Massey Ward 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Restorative materials in the new era aim to be “bio-active” and long-lasting. The purpose of this study was to design and to evaluate a novel chitosan hydrogels containing krill oil (antioxidant containing material), nystatin (antifungal), aspirin (pain relieve medication and free radical scavengers) and combinations thereof (chitosan-H-krill oil, chitosan-H-krill oil-nystatin and chitosan-H-aspirin, chitosan-H-aspirin-nystatin, chitosan-H-krill oil-aspirin and chitosan-H-krill oil-aspirin-nystatin) as functional additive prototypes for further development of “dual function restorative materials,” and secondly to determine their effect on the dentin bond strength of a composite. Materials and Methods: The above-mentioned hydrogels were prepared by dispersion the corresponding component in glycerol and acetic acid with the addition of chitosan gelling agent. The surface morphology (scanning electron microscope (SEM)), release behaviors (physiological pH and also in acidic conditions), stability of the therapeutic agent-antioxidant-chitosan and the effect of the hydrogels on the shear bond strength of dentin were also evaluated. Results: The release of nystatin and aspirin confer the added benefit of synergistic action of a functional therapeutic delivery when comparing the newly designed chitosan-based hydrogel restorative materials to the commercially available products alone. Neither the release of nystatin and aspirin nor the antioxidant stability was affected by storage over a 6 month period. The hydrogel formulations have a uniform distribution of drug content, homogenous texture and yellow color (SEM study). All chitosan dentin treated hydrogels gave significantly (P<0.05; non-parametric ANOVA test) higher shear bond values (P<0.05) than dentin treated or not treated with phosphoric acid. Conclusion: The added benefits of the chitosan treated hydrogels involved positive influence on the nystatin and aspirin release as well as increased dentin bond strength.
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium: A Comparative Study of Two Techniques
Authors: Bansal Reema , Jain Arun , Sehgal R 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare two techniques of human amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) following pterygium excision: (1) end to end suturing of the amniotic membrane graft (AMG) with the conjunctiva versus (2) a new technique of purse-string suturing of the AMG and tucking of AMG under the free edge of conjunctiva.

Materials and methods
Pterygium surgery with human AMT was done in 42 eyes with primary pterygium. Twenty four eyes (group A) underwent end-to-end suturing of AMG with conjunctiva. Eighteen eyes (group B) underwent purse-string suturing of AMG with underlying sclera with free edge of AMG tucked under conjunctiva on three sides. The two groups were compared in terms of the outcome measures, i.e. complete epithelialization time of AMG and recurrence of pterygium within 1 year.

Results
The complete epithelialization of AMG occurred in 21 days (range 14 to 28 days) and 14 days (range 7 to 21 days) in groups A and B respectively. In group A, 7 eyes (29.17%) developed recurrence. In group B, 2 eyes (11.11%) developed recurrence.

Conclusion
Purse string suturing and tucking of AMG resulted in faster epithelization of AMG and lower recurrences in comparison with end to end suturing of AMG in the management of primary pterygium.

How to cite this article
Bansal R, Jain AK, Sehgal R. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in the Treatment of Primary Pterygium: A Comparative Study of Two Techniques. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):1-7.
Implant-related Metal Hypersensitivity—A Cause for Concern: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Garg Bhavuk , Dhillon Mandeep , Kumar Vishal , Kanojia Rajendra 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The evolution of orthopedic implants has witnessed a great evolution and allowed insights into the various metals and alloys compatible with the human body. However, some recent reports have raised concerns regarding hypersensitivity to several metals used in orthopedic implants. These cases are mostly documented in the field of arthroplasty.
Metal ion release following hip or knee arthroplasty is a known phenomenon and associated immune reactions to these metal ions have been implicated in the causation of these hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions frequently lead to poor outcome following these implant surgeries. We here present two rare cases of metal induced hypersensitivity reactions following orthopedic surgeries. We have also reviewed the literature in this context to look into the various causes of metal reactions, types of implant involved in hypersensitivity, methods of testing and management options in these cases.

How to cite this article
Kanojia R, Kumar V, Garg B, Dhillon MS. Implant-related Metal Hypersensitivity—A Cause for Concern: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):37-39.
Aporte del diseño gráfico en los materiales curriculares para e-Learning
Authors: Castro Rebeca Lozano , Izaguirre Víctor García 
Published: January 2014

Con la incursión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC´s) al proceso educativo, las Instituciones a nivel nacional han tenido que llevar a cabo acciones correspondientes para incorporar estas tecnologías al proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje (E-A), las cuales han implicado generar estrategias que permitan facilitar a los docentes la incorporación de las TIC’s a la planeación de los contenidos temáticos de las asignaturas que imparten.Sin embargo, gran parte de las estrategias planteadas, sólo cubren el aspecto funcional de la tecnología, pero no su incorporación en la proceso de E-A o incluso la adecuación de los materiales didácticos para ser usados mediante las TIC’s. Adicionalmente a lo anterior, la educación en México, principalmente a nivel superior, necesita plantear otros paradigmas que permitan acceder a ese tipo de formación a jóvenes que por causas sociales, políticas, geográficas, económicas o de otras índoles, no tienen acceso a la misma, cuestión que podría ser resuelta por la accesibilidad que ofrecen las TIC’s.Además es necesario reconocer que pese a los esfuerzos realizados, concretamente en el área educativa, las TIC's todavía no han sido potenciadas y aprovechadas en la enorme posibilidad que ofrecen para los procesos educativos. La actividad educativa con las TIC's, debiera manifestarse principalmente en la creación de materiales curriculares que se adapten a estas tecnologías, hecho que se ve reflejado en la Declaración Mundial sobre la Educación Superior en el Siglo XXI, la cual establece que “Los nuevos métodos pedagógicos también supondrán nuevos materiales didácticos”. En ese sentido, en las escuelas a nivel Superior de Tamaulipas las TIC's se han ido incorporando ya en sus procesos educativos, pero no se tiene un conocimiento puntual de la efectividad que dicha tecnología este provocando en el proceso educativo.Esto hace necesario la creación de una Red de Diseño Gráfico, Educación y Tecnologías que permita establecer una colaboración estrecha ente diversas Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), para analizar y proponer diversas acciones y estrategias que faciliten la incorporación de las TIC´s en el proceso educativo. Al ser un problema que tiene diversas vertientes, en un principio se tomaría el determinar la creación de un Curso – Taller para el Diseño de Materiales Curriculares para E-Learning. Esto implicaría el realizar un análisis para determinar la variabilidad que existen entre las diversas plataformas que son usadas para este modelo educativo, tales como WEBEX, Skype, Moodle, Blackboard, entre otras; homologando sus diferencias mediante las premisas fundamentales del Diseño Gráfico.
DIY: Arte, Diseño y Tecnología. Estrategia crítica de colaboración comunitaria offline y online
Authors: Rodríguez Sagrario Martín 
Published: January 2014

El objetivo del artículo es analizar las diferentes prácticas colaborativas offline y online que de forma emergente han surgido bajo la cultura denominada DIY (do it yourself) o “hazlo tú mismo”, vinculadas al arte y al diseño.Para ello se exploran los distintos factores sociales, culturales y estéticos que propiciaron el cambio de tendencia, orientada a dar voz a un público cada vez más amplio. De tal manera que diseñador/artista y usuario establecen una relación de colaboración y participación creativa.Después, la atención recae sobre las distintas prácticas que se vehiculan a través y en la Red, estableciendo una serie de tipologías según el uso de las TICs. Y también, de cuáles han sido sus estrategias para abogar por una postura crítica, activa y comunitaria. Finalmente, se ha concluido puntualizando la potencialidad de la aplicación de la ética DIY a diferentes ámbitos y subrayando algunos aciertos e inconvenientes de los proyectos analizados. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to analyze the different collaborative practices, offline and online, that have pop up under the DIY (do it yourself) culture linked to art and design. To that end, we explore the diverse social, cultural and aesthetic factors that favoured the trend change, oriented towards giving voice to a wider public. Designer/artist and user establish a creative cooperation and participation. After that, the attention is focused on the diverse practices that are transported through and in the Network, establishing typologies according to the ICT. And also what have been their strategies to enhance for a critical, active, and community attitude.To conclude, we detail the potential application of the DIY aesthetic to other fields, emphasizing possible pros and cons of the analyzed projects.
Hirschi, Travis
Authors: Schreck Christopher J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Travis Hirschi was one of the leading criminological theorists of the twentieth century. This entry outlines Hirschi's professional career, from graduate training in sociology, including his exposure to scholars who would influence the direction of his career, to the present. Professor Hirschi's reputation grew from his work on research methodology and criminological theory. His theoretical treatises on social control theory and, in collaboration with Michael Gottfredson, self‐control theory have had particularly tremendous and long‐lasting influence.
Copper(I) Chloride‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Arylation of Glycine Ester and Amide Derivatives
Authors: Huo Congde , Wang Cheng , Wu Mingxia , Jia Xiaodong , Xie Haisheng , Yuan Yong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple and efficient copper(I) chloride‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of glycine derivatives (glycine esters, glycine amides and short peptides) with indoles has been developed. The reaction is performed in the absence of any other additives under mild conditions and only requires simple copper salts as a catalyst and oxygen as a co‐oxidant.magnified image
Palladium on Carbon‐Catalyzed Gentle and Quantitative Combustion of Hydrogen at Room Temperature
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Ida Takashi , Maejima Toshihide , Yanase Takayoshi , Sawama Yoshinari , Sasai Yasushi , Kondo Shin‐ichi , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA quantitative and gentle oxidation (combustion) of hydrogen in the presence of oxygen in a variety of solvents was achieved under palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed conditions at ordinary pressures and temperatures. A quantitative generation of water accountable for the consumed oxygen was observed. While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which would form as an intermediate, was extremely unstable under the Pd/C‐catalyzed conditions to be converted into water with accompanying oxygen generation, the stability of H2O2 was found to be increased in cold (0 °C) trifluoroacetic acid, and the formation of 64% H2O2 based on the consumed oxygen could be detected. A mechanistic elucidation study revealed that the single electron transfer and generation of the hydroxyl radical are involved in the gentle combustion process. The reactive oxygen species generated during the process was effectively utilized for the chemical oxidation of sulfides and phosphines to afford the corresponding sulfoxides and phosphine oxides, respectively.magnified image
Oxidative Annulation of Anilides with Internal Alkynes Using an (Electron‐Deficient η5‐Cyclopentadienyl)Rhodium(III) Catalyst Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Hoshino Yuki , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA dinuclear (electron‐deficient η5‐cyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) complex was synthesized on a preparative scale via the rhodium‐catalyzed cross [2+2+1] cyclotrimerization of silylacetylenes and two alkynyl esters, leading to substituted silylfulvenes, followed by reductive complexation with rhodium(III) chloride in ethanol. The thus obtained dinuclear (electron‐deficient η5‐cyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) complex is a highly active precatalyst for the oxidative annulation of anilides with internal alkynes under ambient conditions (at room temperature under air). A preference for annulation across electron‐rich substrates over electron‐deficient substrates was observed using this electron‐deficient rhodium(III) complex.magnified image
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐5‐Nitropyridines by Three‐Component Ring Transformation of 3,5‐Dinitro‐2‐Pyridone
Authors: Le Thi Song , Asahara Haruyasu , Kobiro Kazuya , Sugimoto Ryuichi , Saigo Kazuhiko , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi 
Published: January 2014

Abstract2‐Arylated‐5‐nitropyridines were efficiently synthesized by a three‐component ring transformation of 3,5‐dinitro‐2‐pyridone with aromatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate, in which the dinitropyridone serves as a synthetic equivalent of an unstable nitromalonaldehyde. Although a 2,8‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐ene derivative was also formed as a byproduct, it was converted into nitropyridines under the reaction conditions, heating in the presence of ammonium acetate. This experimental fact implies that the former compound is a kinetically controlled product and the latter is a thermodynamically controlled product because of the aromatization. This method is applicable to various kinds of aryl and (hetero)aryl ketones to afford the corresponding (hetero)arylated pyridines in good to excellent yields.
Multifunctional Porous Microspheres Based on Peptide–Porphyrin Hierarchical Co‐Assembly
Authors: Zou Qianli , Zhang Lu , Yan Xuehai , Wang Anhe , Ma Guanghui , Li Junbai , Möhwald Helmuth , Mann Stephen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhotocatalytically active, multi‐chambered, biomolecule‐based microspheres were prepared by hierarchical co‐assembly of simple dipeptides and porphyrins. The colloidal microspheres are highly hydrated and consist of a network of J‐aggregate nanoscale substructures that serve as light‐harvesting antennae with a relatively broad spectral cross‐section and considerable photostability. These optical properties can be exploited in photocatalytic reactions involving inorganic or organic species. Taken together, these structural and functional features suggest that soft porous biomolecule‐based colloids are a plausible photosynthetic model that could be developed towards demonstrating aspects of primitive abiotic cellularity.
Propanaktivierung durch Palladiumkomplexe mit chelatisierenden Bis(NHC)‐Liganden unter aerober Cooxidation
Authors: Munz Dominik , Strassner Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDie Entwicklung effizienter aerober Oxidationsverfahren stellt die große Herausforderung bei der selektiven Funktionalisierung von C‐H‐Bindungen in Alkanen dar. Hier berichten wir über die C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Propan mittels Palladiumkatalysatoren mit chelatisierenden Bis(N‐heterocyclischen Carbenliganden) und Vanadium‐Cokatalysatoren in Trifluoressigsäure. Wir zeigen, dass Halogenide eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Oxidation spielen. Neben experimentellen Ergebnissen präsentieren wir auch kinetische Daten und einen Isotopeneffekt. Die Verwendung eines Vanadium‐Cokatalysators ermöglicht in Kombination mit Halogeniden die Verwendung molekularen Sauerstoffs als Oxidationsmittel. Auf der Basis der experimentellen und quantenchemischen Ergebnisse schlagen wir einen Mechanismus vor, bei dem die C‐H‐Aktivierung durch einen Palladium(II)‐Katalysator und die Oxidation zu Palladium(IV) durch Brom erfolgt.
Nickel‐katalysierte C‐H‐Alkylierung: direkte sekundäre Alkylierung und Trifluorethylierung von Arenen
Authors: Song Weifeng , Lackner Sebastian , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEin vielseitig anwendbarer Nickel‐Katalysator ermöglichte die C‐H‐Alkylierung nicht‐aktivierter Arene mit anspruchsvollen sekundären Alkylbromiden und ‐chloriden. Die ausgezeichnete katalytische Aktivität schuf zudem die Voraussetzung für die sekundäre Alkylierung von Indolen sowie auch für C‐H‐Trifluorethylierungen mit hoher Substratbreite.
Nickel‐Catalyzed CH Alkylations: Direct Secondary Alkylations and Trifluoroethylations of Arenes
Authors: Song Weifeng , Lackner Sebastian , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA versatile nickel catalyst allowed for CH alkylations of unactivated arenes with challenging secondary alkyl bromides and chlorides. The high catalytic efficacy also set the stage for direct secondary alkylations of indoles as well as CH trifluoroethylations with ample substrate scope.
Wavepacket Splitting and Two‐Pathway Deactivation in the Photoexcited Visual Pigment Isorhodopsin
Authors: Polli Dario , Weingart Oliver , Brida Daniele , Poli Emiliano , Maiuri Margherita , Spillane Katelyn M. , Bottoni Andrea , Kukura Philipp , Mathies Richard A. , Cerullo Giulio , Garavelli Marco 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIsorhodopsin is the visual pigment analogue of rhodopsin. It shares the same opsin environment but it embeds 9‐cis retinal instead of 11‐cis. Its photoisomerization is three times slower and less effective. The mechanistic rationale behind this observation is revealed by combining high‐level quantum‐mechanical/molecular‐mechanical simulations with ultrafast optical spectroscopy with sub‐20 fs time resolution and spectral coverage extended to the near‐infrared. Whereas in rhodopsin the photoexcited wavepacket has ballistic motion through a single conical intersection seam region between the ground and excited states, in isorhodopsin it branches into two competitive deactivation pathways involving distinct conical intersection funnels. One is rapidly accessed but unreactive. The other is slower, as it features extended steric interactions with the environment, but it is productive as it follows forward bicycle pedal motion.
Fracture behavior of boehmite‐filled polypropylene block copolymer nanocomposites as assessed by the essential work of fracture concept
Authors: Turcsán Tamás , Mészáros László , Khumalo Vincent Mandla , Thomann Ralf , Karger‐Kocsis József 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe essential work of fracture (EWF) method was adapted to determine the fracture toughness of poly(propylene‐block‐ethylene) (EPBC) based nanocomposites with different amounts (from 0 up to 5 wt %) of synthetic boehmite alumina (BA). The dispersion of BA in the matrix was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopies. Agglomerated micronscale along with well dispersed nanoscale BA particles were present in the EPBC matrix. By contrast to the neat EPBC, all nanocomposites failed by unstable necking. Therefore the energy partitioning concept of the EWF was adapted and attention paid to the yielding‐related term. Both specific yielding‐related essential and nonessential work of fracture parameters increased linearly with the product of the yield stress and elongation at yield derived from static tensile tests. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40447.
Intimate Landscapes: the Social Nature of the Spaces Between
Authors: Nelson Erin Stevens 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDomestic structures at Parchman Place are characterized by rectangular magnetic anomalies of high value, surrounded by haloes of low magnetic value. Site‐wide magnetic gradiometer survey reveals discrete clusters of these anomalies, indicating the presence of at least three residential groups or neighbourhoods. However, the empty spaces on the map, the magnetically clean areas bounded by architecture, are also important for structuring daily interactions among individuals and groups. This paper explores the spaces between geophysical anomalies – the intimate landscapes of courtyards, plazas and paths that are common yet rarely investigated spatial components of Mississippi Period (ad 1000–1541) sites in the southeastern USA. Magnetic gradiometer data from Parchman illustrate how attributes of empty spaces – size, shape, orientation, visibility and proximity to other features – promoted different types of social interaction in the past. These data, supplemented by traditional archaeological data, indicate that early in the site's history, the focus of community members was inward – at the neighbourhood level toward courtyards and the lineages associated with them, and at the site level toward the central plaza and other social groups living at the site. Later, at least some community members became oriented away from the rest of the community and toward monumental architecture instead. As a result of this reorientation, many people were excluded from participating in mound‐top activities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Complexes of Carbaporphyrinoid Systems
Authors: Lash Timothy D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe cavities of carbaporphyrinoid systems provide unique environments for the formation of organometallic species. These systems commonly act as either dianionic or trianionic ligands, and may stabilize unusual oxidation states such as silver(III). Although the metalation of N‐confused porphyrins has been explored in great detail, the formation of metallo‐derivatives of other carbaporphyrinoids remains far less well explored. Nevertheless, exciting advances have been made on the metalation of carbaporphyrins, azuliporphyrins, benziporphyrins and related macrocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: MAPbI3‐xClx Mixed Halide Perovskite for Hybrid Solar Cells: The Role of Chloride as Dopant on the Transport and Structural Properties.
Authors: De Angelis Filippo , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA solution of MeNH3PbI3 in γ‐butyrolactone is prepared from an equimolar mixture of MeNH3I and PbI2 and solutions of MeNH3PbI3‐xClx in anhydrous DMF are obtained from MeNH3I and PbCl2 (3:1 molar ratio) and MeNH3Cl and PbI2 (1:1 molar ratio).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selective Topochemical Fluorination of the Cation and Anion‐Vacancy Ordered Phases Ba2YCoO5 and Ba3YCo2O7.5.
Authors: Luo Kun , Tran T. Thao , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Hayward Michael A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared by a citrate precursor method using BaCO3, Y2O3, and Co powder as starting materials (flowing Ar, 900—965 °C, 160 h).
ChemInform Abstract: KI—VO(acac)2—H2O2—AcOH, a New Iodinating System for Selective Iodination at C‐5 Position of Activated Pyrimidinediones: A Combined Experimental and Density Functional Study.
Authors: Saikia Lakhinath , Talukdar Dhrubajyoti , Deka Ramesh C. , Thakur Ashim J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA simple, selective, mild, and environmentally‐friendly method for the selective monoiodination of activated pyrimidinediones and aromatic amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkynes by S‐(Trifluoromethyl)diarylsulfonium Salt.
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Lin Jinhong , Zhang Chengpan , Xiao Jichang , Zheng Xing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractS‐(Trifluoromethyl)diarylsulfonium triflate is described as reagent for the Cu‐mediated reaction with terminal alkynes to give trifluoromethylated alkynes (III) generally in good yields,