bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Plantaris Tendon Constructs for Ankle Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Jackson J. Benjamin , Philippi Matthew T. , Kolz Christopher W. , Suter Thomas , Henninger Heath B. 
Published: June 2014

Background: Many techniques have been described for lateral ligament reconstruction. One frequently overlooked autograft option is the plantaris tendon, potentially due to the paucity of data on its mechanical characteristics. This study examined the structural properties of double and quadruple plantaris tendon constructs. Methods: Plantaris tendons were harvested from 35 fresh-frozen human cadaver specimens (mean age, 66 years [range, 43-89 years]; 17 female, 13 male). The tendon ends were sutured in a running locking technique and then woven onto a template board to create double or quadruple graft constructs with a 20-mm functional length. If additional tendon length remained, a single 40-mm specimen was isolated to provide tissue material properties. Structural properties were calculated from the results of cyclic and failure uniaxial tensile tests. Results: Quadruple-strand constructs had a tensile strength of 205.8 ± 68.2 N and a stiffness of 133.1 ± 46.3 N/mm. Single strands had a tensile strength of 66.9 ± 26.3 N and a stiffness of 43.8 ± 14.7 N/mm. Material properties were similar to a prior study. Conclusions: The average maximum tensile strength for the quadrupled plantaris grafts exceeded the strength of the intact anterior talofibular ligament of 139 to 161 N; therefore, the quadruple plantaris construct may be a viable autograft for foot and ankle ligament reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: The tensile strength of the plantaris tendon is comparable to, or stronger than, other grafts already in use and offers a donor site that may result in negligible loss of strength.
Phase 1 study of twice-weekly ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Baz Rachid , Wang Michael , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Laubach Jacob P. , Harvey R. Donald , Talpaz Moshe , Berg Deborah , Liu Guohui , Yu Jiang , Gupta Neeraj , Di Bacco Alessandra , Hui Ai-Min , Lonial Sagar 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Twice-weekly oral ixazomib appears tolerable, with no severe neuropathy seen to date, in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients. These phase 1 data suggest clinical activity including 76% stable disease or better, with durable responses and sustained disease control.
LFM-based waveform design for cognitive MIMO radar with constrained bandwidth
Authors: Wang Shuangling , He Qian , He Zishu 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Waveform design is studied for a cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system faced with a combination of additive Gaussian noise and signal dependent clutter. The linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals are employed as transmitted waveforms. Based on the sensed statistics of the target and clutter-plus-noise, assuming the LFM waveforms transmitted at different transmitters can have different starting frequencies and bandwidths, these waveform parameters are designed to maximize the signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio at the receiver of the cognitive MIMO radar system. The constraints of the allowable range of operating frequency and total transmit energy are considered. We show that in the tested examples, the designed waveforms are nonorthogonal which leads to superior performance compared with that of the frequency spread LFM waveforms commonly used in the traditional MIMO radar systems.
Methods and protocol of a mixed method quasi-experiment to evaluate the effects of a structural economic and food security intervention on HIV vulnerability in rural Malawi: The SAGE4Health Study
Authors: Weinhardt Lance S , Galvao Loren W , Mwenyekonde Thokozani , Grande Katarina M , Stevens Patricia , Yan Alice F , Mkandawire-Valhmu Lucy , Masanjala Winford , Kibicho Jennifer , Ngui Emmanuel , Emer Lindsay , Watkins Susan C 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Poverty and lack of a predictable, stable source of food are two fundamental determinants of ill health, including HIV/AIDS. Conversely, episodes of poor health and death from HIV can disrupt the ability to maintain economic stability in affected households, especially those that rely on subsistence farming. However, little empirical research has examined if, and how, improvements in people’s economic status and food security translate into changes in HIV vulnerability.

Methods
In this paper, we describe in detail the methods and protocol of an academic-NGO collaboration on a quasi-experimental, longitudinal study of the mechanisms and magnitude of the impact of a multilevel economic and food security program (Support to Able-Bodied Vulnerable Groups to Achieve Food Security; SAFE), as implemented by CARE. Primary outcomes include HIV vulnerability (i.e., HIV risk behaviors, HIV infection), economic status (i.e., income, household assets) and food security (including anthropometric measures). We recruited participants from two types of areas of rural central Malawi: traditional authorities (TA) selected by CARE to receive the SAFE program (intervention group) and TAs receiving other unrelated CARE programming (controls). In the intervention TAs, we recruited 598 program participants (398 women, 200 men) and interviewed them at baseline and 18- and 36-month follow-ups; we interviewed 301 control households. In addition, we conducted random surveys (n = 1002) in the intervention and control areas with a 36-month assessment interval, prior to and after implementation of SAFE. Thus, we are examining intervention outcomes both in direct SAFE program participants and their larger communities. We are using multilevel modeling to examine mediators and moderators of the effects of SAFE on HIV outcomes at the individual and community levels and determine the ways in which changes in HIV outcomes feed back into economic outcomes and food security at later interviews. Finally, we are conducting a qualitative end-of-program evaluation consisting of in-depth interviews with 90 SAFE participants.

Discussion
In addition to examining pathways linking structural factors to HIV vulnerability, this research will yield important information for understanding the impact of a multilevel environmental/structural intervention on HIV, with the potential for other sustainable long-term public health benefits.
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 decreases phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and induces synoviocyte cell death by increasing intracellular calcium
Authors: Gong Weiyi , Kolker Sandra J , Usachev Yuriy , Walder Roxanne Y , Boyle David L , Firestein Gary S , Sluka Kathleen A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is expressed in synoviocytes, activated by decreases in pH, and reduces inflammation in animal models of inflammatory arthritis. The purpose of the current study was to characterize potential mechanisms underlying the control of inflammation by ASIC3 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS).

Methods
Experiments were performed in cultured FLS from wild-type (WT) and ASIC3-/- mice, ASIC1-/- mice, and people with rheumatoid arthritis. We assessed the effects of acidic pH with and without interleukin-1β on FLS and the role of ASICs in modulating intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i, mitogen activated kinase (MAP kinase) expression, and cell death. [Ca2+]i was assessed by fluorescent calcium imaging, MAP kinases were measured by Western Blots; ASIC, cytokine and protease mRNA expression were measured by quantitative PCR and cell death was measured with a LIVE/DEAD assay.

Results
Acidic pH increased [Ca2+]i and decreased p-ERK expression in WT FLS; these effects were significantly smaller in ASIC3-/- FLS and were prevented by blockade of [Ca2+]i. Blockade of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) prevented the pH-induced decreases in p-ERK. In WT FLS, IL-1β increases ASIC3 mRNA, and when combined with acidic pH enhances [Ca2+]i, p-ERK, IL-6 and metalloprotienase mRNA, and cell death. Inhibitors of [Ca2+]i and ERK prevented cell death induced by pH 6.0 in combination with IL-1β in WT FLS.

Conclusions
Decreased pH activates ASIC3 resulting in increased [Ca2+]i, and decreased p-ERK. Under inflammatory conditions, acidic pH results in enhanced [Ca2+]i and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase that leads to cell death. Thus, activation of ASIC3 on FLS by acidic pH from an inflamed joint could limit synovial proliferation resulting in reduced accumulation of inflammatory mediators and subsequent joint damage.
Trust, Trustworthiness, and Information Sharing in Supply Chains Bridging China and the United States
Authors: Özer Özalp , Zheng Yanchong , Ren Yufei 
Published: June 2014

Whether and how trust and trustworthiness differ between a collectivist society, e.g., China, and an individualistic one, e.g., the United States, generates much ongoing scientific debate and bears significant practical values for managing cross-country transactions. We experimentally investigate how supply chain members' countries of origin—China versus the United States—affect trust, trustworthiness, and strategic information sharing behavior in a cross-country supply chain. We consider a two-tier supply chain in which the upstream supplier solicits demand forecast information from the retailer to plan production; but the retailer has an incentive to manipulate her forecast to ensure abundant supply. The levels of trust and trustworthiness in the supply chain and supplier's capability to determine the optimal production quantity affect the efficacy of forecast sharing and the resulting profits. We develop an experimental design to disentangle these three aspects and to allow for real-time interactions between geographically distant and culturally heterogeneous participants. We observe that, when there is no prospect for long-term interactions, our Chinese participants consistently exhibit lower spontaneous trust and trustworthiness than their U.S. counterparts do. We quantify the differences in trust and trustworthiness between the two countries, and the resulting impact on supply chain efficiency. We also show that Chinese individuals exhibit higher spontaneous trust toward U.S. partners than Chinese ones, primarily because they perceive that individuals from the United States are more trusting and trustworthy in general. This positive perception toward U.S. people is indeed consistent with the U.S. participants' behavior in forecast sharing. In addition, we quantify that a Chinese supply chain enjoys a larger efficiency gain from repeated interactions than a U.S. one does, as the prospect of building a long-term relationship successfully sustains trust and trustworthiness by Chinese partners. We advocate that companies can reinforce the positive perception of westerners held by the Chinese population and commit to long-term relationships to encourage trust by Chinese partners. Finally, we also observe that both populations exhibit similar pull-to-center bias when solving a decision problem under uncertainty (i.e., the newsvendor problem).Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1905 .This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Pulmonary embolism
Authors: Peate Ian , Jones Noleen 
Published: June 2014

This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an understanding of pulmonary embolism (PE). In order to offer care that is safe and effective, the HCA and AP must have an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and the underlying pathophysiological changes. This article provides an overview of the respiratory system. The signs and symptoms are described, tests and investigations required to make a diagnosis are outlined. The person with a PE will experience respiratory and haemodynamic consequences. Treatment options are discussed. The prognosis for patients with PE depends on the underlying disease state, appropriate diagnosis and treatment. A glossary of terms is included.
Uniforms and their place in preventing infection
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: June 2014

Employers and staff must work together to ensure that uniform is worn correctly, protects staff from injury and helps to prevent patients from developing infections. Employers must have uniform and workwear policies which ensure that clothing worn by staff is clean, fit for purpose and supports good hand hygiene. Staff must comply with policies and work in partnership with employers to ensure that they deliver the best possible care to patients. This article explains the reasons for different aspects of uniform policy and their importance in preventing infection and presenting a professional image that inspires confidence.
Testicular cancer and self examination
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: June 2014

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men aged between 15–35 years of age (Rosella, 1994). It is also the most curable of cancers (Rosella, 1994; Bell 1990). However, early detection is important as in advanced stages the disease becomes more difficult to cure (Carey, 1996; Bell, 1990; Rosella, 1994; Jones and Appleyard, 1985). Regular testicular self examination could help reduce the number of cases of testicular cancer.
Too little or too much?
Authors: Riggall Hazel 
Published: June 2014

How often have you encountered an anxious parent who during a routine visit gives you a throwaway line, such as ‘He hardly eats anything’, ‘Can you help me stop her eating too many crisps?’ or ‘I feel sure they are not getting enough x’?. This article aims to guide you through the basics of first line management, which may suffice, but if it becomes clear that more in-depth assessment and advice is required, it is desirable to refer on or seek advice from a paediatric trained dietitian.
Cervical cytology training
Authors: Oldam Diana 
Published: June 2014

Cervical cytology is a core function in the job description of many practice nurses. The NHS Cervical Screening Programme's Guidelines for Cervical Screening (Pritchard, 1996) recommends three-yearly updates to all smear takers. In the Bradford area in 1997 there were no facilities to enable practice nurses to obtain this update locally, despite efforts by Bradford Health Authority to encourage educational institutions to provide it, because it was considered to be not economically viable.
Neuropathic pain: the options
Authors: McCleane Gary 
Published: June 2014

While the occurrence of pain is universal, the symptoms produced differ. Neuropathic pain has well defined symptoms and responds poorly to conventional analgesics. As with any drug treatment, there is a balance between effect and side-effect of the drugs and this is particularly the case with agents used for neuropathic pain. Gary McCleane explains how it differs from nociceptive pain and considers established and new drug treatments
The role of allergen avoidance
Authors: Birch Diana , Roberts Andrea 
Published: June 2014

The term ‘allergy’ refers to an abnormal or inappropriate reaction of the body's immune system to a substance that would normally be harmless (an allergen). Atopy refers to the predisposition of an individual to develop allergic disease such as asthma, eczema, seasonal allergic rhinitis (hayfever) and perennial allergic rhinitis. Diana Birch and Andrea Roberts consider the research, evidence and practicalities of allergen avoidance measures.
Clinical Performance of the BD Onclarity HPV Assay Using an Adjudicated Cohort of BD SurePath Liquid-Based Cytology Specimens
Authors: Wright Thomas C. , Stoler Mark H. , Agreda Patricia M. , Beitman Gerard H. , Gutierrez Erin C. , Harris James M. , Koch Kristopher R. , Kuebler Mindy , LaViers William D. , Legendre Benjamin L. , Leitch Sharon V. , Maus Courtney E. , McMillian Ray A. , Nussbaumer William A. , Palmer Marcus L. R. , Porter Michael J. , Richart Gregory A. , Schwab Ryan J. , Vaughan Laurence M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
To compare the performance of the BD Onclarity HPV Assay (BD Diagnostics, Sparks, MD) in BD SurePath liquid-based cytology media with that of Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2, Qiagen, Germantown, MD) samples co-collected in specimen transport medium in an adjudicated patient cohort.

Methods:
The performance of the BD Onclarity HPV Assay using BD SurePath media was compared with that of HC2 samples co-collected in specimen transport medium using 541 archived samples from a multicenter US clinical trial with histologically adjudicated cervical biopsy specimens.

Results:
The sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 positivity (n - 104) was 90.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83–95) and 93.3% (95% CI, 87–97) and specificity was 76.9% (95% CI, 73–81) and 77.8% (95% CI, 74–82) for the BD assay and HC2, respectively. Nine cases of CIN 2+ had results discordant with the high-risk HPV assay. All were found to have been correctly classified with the BD assay using a novel WAVE denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography double-stranded DNA sequencing method.

Conclusions:
The clinical performance of The BD Onclarity HPV Assay with respect to histology end points was similar to HC2. Moreover, discordant analysis revealed improved performance of the BD assay with respect to ability to provide extended genotyping information and lack of cross-reactivity with low-risk HPV types associated with cellular abnormalities. The relative risks for CIN 3 disease for HPV 31 and HPV 33/58 (combined) were comparable to that of HPV 18 in this population, suggesting that these genotypes may warrant monitoring in future studies.
Basal Insulins Incorrectly withheld; Issues with Insulin Pump; Future Devices for U-500 Insulin; Patients Needed Testing after Pen Misuse; Diastat Acudial Requires Setting and Locking of the Dose
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: June 2014

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Value of Pharmacist Medication Interviews on Optimizing the Electronic Medication Reconciliation Process
Authors: Lee Audrey , Varma Arjun , Boro Maureen , Korman Nancy 
Published: June 2014

Purpose Few studies have explored the impact of using different methods for obtaining accurate medication histories on medication safety. This study was conducted to compare the accuracy and clinical impact of pharmacist medication histories obtained by electronic medical record review (EMRR) alone with those obtained by direct interviews combined with EMRR. Method This 18-week prospective study included patients who were admitted to the Inpatient Medicine Service at the study institution and who had a pharmacist-conducted medication reconciliation EMRR within 48 hours of hospital admission. A chart review was performed to collect data to determine whether differences existed in the number of discrepancies, recommendations, and medication errors between the EMRR alone group compared to the EMRR combined with the patient interview group. Results Five hundred thirteen discrepancies were identified with the EMRR group compared to 986 from the combined EMRR and patient interview group ( P < .001). Significantly more recommendations were made in the combination interview group compared to the EMRR alone group (260 vs 97; P < .001). Fewer medication errors were identified for the EMRR alone group compared to the combination interview group (55 vs 134; P < .001). The most common errors were omitted medications followed by extra dose/failure to discontinue therapy and wrong dose/frequency errors. Conclusion Pharmacist-conducted admission medication interviews combined with EMRR can potentially identify harmful medication discrepancies and prevent medication errors.
The anticoagulants ASIS or APC do not protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Loubele Sarah T.B.G. , Spek C. Arnold , Leenders Peter , Matthijsen Robert A. , Buurman Wim A. , Peutz-Kootstra Carine J. , Spronk Henri M.H. , ten Cate Hugo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of acute renal failure. The severity of injury is determined by endothelial damage as well as inflammatory and apoptotic processes. The anticoagulants active site inhibited factor VIIa (ASIS) and activated protein C (APC) are besides their anticoagulant function also known for their cytoprotective properties. In this study the effect of ASIS and APC was assessed on renal I/R injury and this in relation to inflammation and apoptosis. Our results showed no effect of ASIS or APC on renal injury as determined by histopathological scoring as well as by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Furthermore, no effect on fibrin staining was detected but ASIS did reduce tissue factor activity levels after a 2-hr reperfusion period. Neither ASIS nor APC administration influenced overall inflammation markers, although some inflammatory effects of ASIS on interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detectable after 2 hr of reperfusion. Finally, neither APC nor ASIS had an influence on cell signaling pathways or on the number of apoptotic cells within the kidneys. From this study we can conclude that the anticoagulants ASIS and APC do not have protective effects in renal I/R injury in the experimental setup as used in this study which is in contrast to the protective effects of these anticoagulants in other models of I/R.
Comparison of Chemical, Textural and Organoleptic Properties of Pastry Sheets with Two Different Additives
Authors: Boudová Pečivová Pavlína , Korcová Markéta , Švach Jaroslav , Kubáň Vlastimil , Mlček Jiří 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The effect of additions of Arabic gum and commercially used additive Frosty, commonly used for the bread production which is intended for freezing, on the quality of pastry sheets was determined. Frosty decreased active acidity and conversely increased titration acidity in the wheat flour dough and in final products. Higher addition of Arabic gum prolonged the freshness (= moisture) more than Frosty. Arabic gum had insignificant effect on the titration acidity or pH of the dough or the titration acidity of the final products. Both additions of Arabic gum (15 g kg−1 and 30 g kg−1) and higher addition of Frosty (30 g kg−1) decreased the firmness of the pastry sheets. Fresh samples of pastry sheets with lower addition of the Frosty were better in taste, crispness, porosity and quality than the samples with higher addition of the Arabic gum. However, pastry sheets with Frosty lost moisture faster and therefore became less fresh quicker, in comparison with samples with Arabic gum added.