bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Gelatin Films Incorporated with Carvacrol
Authors: Kavoosi Gholamreza , Dadfar Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Mohammadi Purfard Amin , Mehrabi Reza 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGelatin films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing carvacrol (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% w/w), glycerol (25% w/w) as plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (1% w/w) as cross‐linker. The mechanical, water solubility, water swelling, water uptake, water vapor permeability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the films were obtained according to American Society for Testing and Materials. Gelatin films exhibited good tensile strength, elongation at break, water solubility, swelling, water uptake and water vapor permeability. Incorporation of carvacrol into the gelatin films caused a significant decrease in tensile strength, increase in elongation at break, increase in water solubility, decrease in swelling and water uptake, and increase in water vapor permeability of the films. Gelatin films exhibited low antioxidant activity while, gelatin films incorporated with carvacrol exhibited excellent antioxidant properties. The films incorporated with carvacrol also exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria.Practical ApplicationDevelopment of biodegradable films based on the protein polymer has become a very attractive option and production of protein based packaging with strong antioxidant and antibacterial activities is gradually obtained extensive concern in the world. In this study, the improvement of gelatin film properties incorporated with carvacrol as a potential antibacterial active packaging was investigated. Suitable physico‐mechanical properties along with strong antioxidant and antibacterial effects make gelatin films incorporated with carvacrol as suitable food packaging material.
Health Services Use of Older Veterans Treated and Released from Veterans Affairs Medical Center Emergency Departments
Authors: Hastings Susan Nicole , Smith Valerie A. , Weinberger Morris , Oddone Eugene Z. , Olsen Maren K. , Schmader Kenneth E. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo determine predictors of repeat health service use in older veterans treated and released from the emergency department (ED).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) EDs.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of veterans aged 65 and older treated and released from one of 102 VAMC EDs between October 1, 2007, and June 30, 2008.MeasurementsLogistic regression models were used to examine the association between independent variables and primary outcomes (30‐day repeat ED visits and hospital admissions).ResultsIn 31,206 older veterans, ED diagnoses were commonly related to chronic conditions (22.5%), injuries and acute musculoskeletal conditions (19%), and infections (13.5%). Within 30 days, 22% of older veterans had returned to the ED (n = 4,779) or been hospitalized (n = 2,005). In adjusted models, factors associated with greater odds of repeat ED visits than injury were homelessness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–2.1), previous ED visits (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.6–1.8), previous hospitalization (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.4), and index ED visit related to infection (1.2, 95% CI = 1.1–1.3). Odds of subsequent hospital admission were higher in veterans with previous hospitalization (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 2.2–2.8), who were homeless (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.0), who had aid and attendance benefits (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2–1.8), who were unmarried (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1–1.3), and who had an ED visit related to a chronic condition (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.6) than in those with injury.ConclusionA substantial proportion of older veterans treated and released from a VAMC ED returned to the ED or were hospitalized within 30 days. Intervening with high‐risk older veterans after an ED visit may reduce unscheduled healthcare use.
Where are persons with intellectual disabilities in medical research? A survey of published clinical trials
Authors: Feldman M. A. , Bosett J. , Collet C. , Burnham‐Riosa P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundPersons with intellectual disabilities (ID) are exposed to the same medical interventions as everyone else. Given the unique health profiles of many persons with ID, it cannot be assumed that they will react to medical treatments the same as persons without ID. It is not clear if medical clinical trials routinely include persons with ID. The purpose of this research survey was to examine the inclusion of persons with ID in medical research trials, and to determine whether accommodations and/or study modifications could have been made to promote greater inclusion in medical research.MethodThree hundred randomised control and clinical trials published between 2007 and 2011 in the six highest impact medical journals were randomly selected. Each study was reviewed for inclusion of persons with ID, and possible accommodations that could have been put in place without compromising research integrity. Corresponding authors received a follow‐up survey to determine whether persons with ID were included, but were not mentioned in the article.ResultsOnly 6 (2%) of 300 randomly chosen studies clearly included persons with ID. Over 90% of studies were designed in ways that would automatically exclude persons with ID from participating. The author survey revealed three additional studies including persons with ID. Most persons with ID could have participated in at least 70% of the studies with simple accommodations and/or minor procedural modifications.DiscussionThe findings highlight the exclusion of persons with ID in medical research. Efforts are needed to increase inclusion through research policy initiatives and education.
Neodymium‐yttrium aluminum garnet laser versus pulsed dye laser in erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea: comparison of clinical efficacy and effect on cutaneous substance (P) expression
Authors: Salem Samar Abdallah M , Abdel Fattah Nermeen SA , Tantawy Samah MA , El‐Badawy Nafissa MA , Abd El‐Aziz Yasser A 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundDifferent laser systems are reported to be effective in treatment of telangiectasia and erythema, but comparative studies on 1064‐nm neodymium‐yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd‐YAG) laser and pulsed dye laser (PDL) in treatment of erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea are lacking. Substance (P) is implicated in rosacea pathogenesis.ObjectivesTo compare the effect of Nd‐YAG laser and PDL on erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea, both clinically and immunohistochemically on cutaneous substance (P) expression.MethodsThis split‐face comparative study included 15 patients with erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea treated on the right side with Nd‐YAG laser and on the left side with PDL: three sessions, 4 weeks apart. Evaluation of the patients was done using erythema and telangiectasia grading scores, patient's self‐assessment, physicians' clinical assessment of the patient, and immunohistochemical assessment of substance (P).ResultsOne month after the three laser sessions, excellent response was achieved in 73.3% of patients after Nd‐YAG and in 53.3% of patients after PDL with significantly lower substance (P) concentration after Nd‐YAG laser than after PDL. Positive correlations were found between the decrease in erythema and telangiectasia grading scores and the decrease in substance (P) concentration.ConclusionsThe use of Nd‐YAG laser and PDL appears to be safe and effective measures in treatment of erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea. Both types of laser decrease the concentration of substance (P) in the skin. This effect is more pronounced with Nd‐YAG laser.
OnabotulinumtoxinA therapy for compensatory hyperhidrosis
Authors: Adefusika Jessica A , Brewer Jerry D 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundCompensatory hyperhidrosis due to the treatment for focal primary hyperhidrosis can be devastating and life‐altering.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to discuss use of the iodine starch test and dilute botulinum toxin to decrease compensatory hyperhidrosis over large surface areas.MethodsA large area of the trunk affected by compensatory hyperhidrosis was treated with dilute botulinum toxin therapy using a starch iodine test for localization.ResultsThe patient had exceptional results with his compensatory truncal sweating returning to normal and remaining stable for multiple months.ConclusionTreating compensatory hyperhidrosis of large surface areas with dilute botulinum toxin therapy is effective and safe.
Stability and Change of Social Goals in Adolescence
Authors: Trucco Elisa M. , Wright Aidan G. C. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of continuity and change in social goals using the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) model across adolescence (ages 11–16). Five complementary definitions of stability were examined: structural, rank‐order, absolute, individual, and ipsative. Data were taken from a longitudinal study of early adolescent problem behavior. Social goals were assessed during each wave, with data collection occurring at three annual intervals (Wave 1, ages 10–12). A community sample of adolescents (N = 387) was recruited. Adolescents were evenly split on gender, and a majority (82.7%) was White. Results suggest a modest increase in stability across social goals, yet significant interindividual heterogeneity. Although levels of Agentic and Communal factors increase over time, these patterns were driven by decreases in the Submissive and Separate octants. This offers evidence for the utility of examining lower‐order facets of interpersonal dispositions, as it provides a nuanced picture of adolescent personality development. Furthermore, findings suggest that change and continuity in social goals may both be relevant in this developmental period. The difficulty is accounting for trait stability as well as change, and the IPC model may be particularly useful for meeting this challenge.
A Comprehensive Model of Uncertainty Associated with Radical Innovation
Authors: O'Connor Gina Colarelli , Rice Mark P. 
Published: September 2013

Large established firms typically focus on enhancing their ability to manage their core businesses, with an emphasis on cost reduction, quality improvements, and incremental innovation in existing products and processes. To sustain competitive advantage over the long term, mature firms must in parallel develop radical innovations (RI) as a basis for building and dominating fundamentally new markets. Management practices that are effective in established businesses are often ineffective and even destructive when applied toRIprojects because of higher levels of uncertainty inherent in the latter. Understanding the characteristics ofRIprojects and the nature of the uncertainty that pervades them is critical to developing appropriate managerial practices.This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study of 12RIprojects in 10 large establishedU.S.‐based firms. A qualitative, prospective design was used to collect and analyze data. Project team leaders, members, and sponsors for each project were interviewed repeatedly over five years. The analysis centers on the dimensions and characteristics of uncertainty that project teams experienced. The analysis of the challenges they confronted is used to construct a multidimensional model ofRIuncertainties. The model identifies four categories of uncertainty as key drivers of project management: technical, market, organizational, and resource uncertainty. Each of these four categories is elaborated in the context of radical innovation and further distinguished via two additional dimensions: criticality and latency. These are substantiated through case based data. Implications for management skills, processes, and appropriate tools associated with radical innovation projects are discussed.
Five chemically rich species of tropical marine cyanobacteria of the genus Okeania gen. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanoprokaryota)
Authors: Engene Niclas , Paul Valerie J. , Byrum Tara , Gerwick William H. , Thor Andrea , Ellisman Mark H. 
Published: September 2013

An adverse consequence of applying morphology‐based taxonomic systems to catalog cyanobacteria, which generally are limited in the number of available morphological characters, is a fundamental underestimation of natural biodiversity. In this study, we further dissect the polyphyletic cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya and delineate the new genus Okeania gen. nov. Okeania is a tropical and subtropical, globally distributed marine group abundant in the shallow‐water benthos. Members of Okeania are of considerable ecological and biomedical importance because specimens within this group biosynthesize biologically active secondary metabolites and are known to form blooms in coastal benthic environments. Herein, we describe five species of the genus Okeania: O. hirsuta (type species of the genus), O. plumata, O. lorea, O. erythroflocculosa, and O. comitata, under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. All five Okeania species were morphologically, phylogenetically, and chemically distinct. This investigation provides a classification system that is able to identify Okeania spp. and predict their production of bioactive secondary metabolites.
Actigraphy‐assessed sleep during school and vacation periods: a naturalistic study of restricted and extended sleep opportunities in adolescents
Authors: Bei Bei , Allen Nicholas B. , Nicholas Christian L. , Dudgeon Paul , Murray Greg , Trinder John 
Published: September 2013

SummarySchool‐related sleep restriction in adolescents has been identified by studies comparing weekday and weekend sleep. This study compared weekday and vacation sleep to assess restricted and extended sleep opportunities. One‐hundred and forty‐six adolescents (47.3% male) aged 16.2 ± 1.0 years (M ± SD) from the general community wore an actigraph continuously for 4 weeks: the last week of a school term (Time‐E), the following 2‐week vacation, and the first week of the next term. Self‐reported sleep was assessed for each of the three time intervals, and chronotype was assessed using the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire at Time‐E. Daily actigraphy bedtime, rise‐time, time‐in‐bed, total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and % wake after sleep onset were analysed using latent growth curve modelling. The removal of school‐related sleep restriction was associated with an abrupt delay in sleep timing and increase in sleep duration. Subsequently, bedtime and rise‐time showed further linear delays throughout the vacation, while changes in time‐in‐bed were non‐significant. Sleep onset latency increased linearly, peaking in the middle of the second vacation week. Across the first vacation week, total sleep time and sleep efficiency linearly decreased, while % wake after sleep onset increased. These changes stabilized during the second vacation week. Older age and eveningness were associated with later bedtime and rise‐time, whilst females had longer time‐in‐bed, total sleep time and sleep onset latency. Compared with school days, sleep during the vacation was characterized by later timing, longer duration, lower quality and greater variability. Recovery from school‐related sleep restriction appeared to be completed within the 2 weeks of naturalistic extended sleep.
Investigating pressure magnitudes at depth for oblique impacts into layered targets: Applications to terrestrial impacts in sedimentary targets
Authors: Stickle A. M. , Schultz P. H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe positive identification of the Rock Elm impact structure (Wisconsin, USA) and the Upheaval Dome (Utah, USA) as impact craters was complicated by a lack of distinctive shock features in the record. Low‐impedance surface layers over high‐impedance bedrock affect energy coupling and shock effects in the substrate; in both cases, removal of surface sediments erased most of the original impact structures, thereby making identification of the impact origin difficult. In this study, a combination of laboratory and 3‐D numerical experiments reveals the underlying processes controlling subsurface deformation and demonstrates that a low‐impedance layer can reduce expression of peak shock pressures left in the rock record, as at the Rock Elm and the Upheaval Dome impact sites. 3‐D CTH models of the Rock Elm impact structure predict that peak shock pressures should fall below the hugoniot elastic limit of quartz in the basement rocks, yet still induce permanent deformation. The model predicts peak pressures around 5–10 GPa, levels consistent with field observations of shocked quartz from both Rock Elm and the Upheaval Dome. Consequently, other impact sites exhibiting minimal shock features might be explained.
Foraging ecology and niche overlap in pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (Kogia sima) sperm whales from waters of the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast
Authors: Staudinger Michelle D. , McAlarney Ryan J. , McLellan William A. , Ann Pabst D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA complementary approach of stomach content and stable isotope analyses was used to characterize the foraging ecology and evaluate niche overlap between pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales stranded on the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast between 1998 and 2011. Food habits analysis demonstrated both species were primarily teuthophagous, with 35 species of cephalopods, and 2 species of mesopelagic fishes represented in their overall diets. Pianka's Index of niche overlap suggested high overlap between whale diets (On= 0.92), with squids from the families Histioteuthidae, Cranchidae, and Ommastrephidae serving as primary prey. Pygmy sperm whales consumed slightly larger prey sizes (mean mantle length [ML] = 10.8 cm) than dwarf sperm whales (meanML= 7.8 cm). Mean prey sizes consumed by pygmy sperm whales increased with growth, but showed no trend in dwarf sperm whales. Significant differences were not detected inδ15N andδ13C values of muscle tissues from pygmy (10.8‰ ± 0.5‰, −17.1‰ ± 0.6‰), and dwarf sperm whales (10.7‰ ± 0.5‰, −17.0‰ ± 0.4‰), respectively. Isotopic niche widths also did not differ significantly and dietary overlap was high between the two species. Results suggest the feeding ecologies of the pygmy and dwarf sperm whales are similar and both species occupy equivalent trophic niches in the region.
Using cultural trauma:Gandhi's assassination, partition and secular nationalism in post‐independenceIndia
Authors: Debs Mira 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNationalism theorists have noted the link between traumatic events and national identity, and cultural trauma theory presents a framework for understanding how these events become trauma narratives. I argue for greater consideration of how these narratives are strategically linked to ideological frames of national identity. A case study of post‐IndependenceIndia considering the assassination ofMahatmaGandhi and thePartition ofIndia andPakistan demonstrates how two very different events were promoted as cultural traumas by various carrier groups in order to promote a secular vision of the Indian nation. AdaptingArmstrong andCrage (2006),Isuggest that the success of these trauma narratives depend on several criteria: the ease of narrating the event, how it is linked to underlying cultural meanings/frames and how the event interacts with historical contingencies.
Influence of a neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist (aprepitant) on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ang D. , Pauwels A. , Akyuz F. , Vos R. , Tack J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundSubstance P (SP) is a member of the neurokinin (NK) family and is one of the established neurotransmitters in the mammalian central and enteric nervous system. It is unclear whether NK1 receptors are involved in the control of gastric sensorimotor function in man.MethodsWe studied the effects of aprepitant, an NK1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of chemotherapy‐induced emesis, on gastric sensorimotor function in healthy volunteers. Sixteen healthy volunteers (six males, 32.4 ± 2.7 years) were studied on three separate occasions after placebo, aprepitant 80 or 125 mg in randomized double‐blind study to assess gastric compliance, perception to isobaric distensions, and gastric accommodation with a gastric barostat.Key ResultsCompared to placebo, both doses of aprepitant did not influence gastric compliance or sensitivity to gastric distension. Aprepitant 80 and 125 mg did not have any significant effects on gastric accommodation compared with placebo (mean postprandial gastric volume increase, respectively, 83.4 ± 28.4 vs 35.3 ± 16.2 vs 83.9 ± 30.4 mL, NS). Postprandial gastric compliance and sensitivity to distention were also not altered.Conclusions & InferencesIn health, NK1 receptors do not appear to be involved in the control of gastric compliance, accommodation or sensitivity to distention in man.
A ghrelin agonist fails to show benefit in patients with diabetic gastroparesis: let's not throw the baby out with the bath water
Authors: Camilleri M. , Acosta A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGhrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue‐1a receptor and is a potential target for treatment of gastroparesis. This viewpoint assesses the potential role of ghrelin agonists in the treatment of gastroparesis through a review of the early phase, randomized, controlled trials of ghrelin agonists in patients with diabetes and, either, delayed gastric emptying at the time of the trial or symptoms at the time of the trial, and prior documentation of delayed gastric emptying of solids. Whereas recent experience with ghrelin agonists that have a macrocycle structure (TZP‐101, TZP‐102) has not confirmed earlier promising results, there is little evidence that ghrelin receptors downregulate with repeated treatment, in contrast to motilin receptors. Phase IIa clinical trials performed with a different agent (RM‐131, which is a small molecule ghrelin agonist) suggest that, as a class, ghrelin agonists may be efficacious in stimulating gastric emptying. It is premature to dismiss ghrelin agonists as potential therapies for gastroparesis.
Long‐term changes in microbiology and clinical periodontal variables after completion of fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Ghijselings E. , Coucke W. , Verdonck A. , Teughels W. , Quirynen M. , Pauwels M. , Carels C. , van Gastel J. 
Published: September 2013

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective study was to monitor patients' microbiological and clinical periodontal parameters prior and up to 2 years after orthodontic treatment.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four adolescents were treated with brackets. Fourteen of them received bands on upper first molars for extra‐oral force application before bonding brackets to the remaining teeth. Microbiology, periodontal probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow were assessed at baseline (T1), bracket removal (T2), and 2 years post‐treatment (T3). A statistical comparison was made over time and between bands and brackets.ResultsA significant increase from T1 to T2 and a decrease from T2 to T3 in pathogenicity of plaque were noted. No significant difference was observed concerning supragingival colony‐forming units (CFU) ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) between T3 and T1. However, the subgingival CFU ratio (aerobe/anaerobe) at T3 did significantly differ from the ratio at T1. Periodontal probing depth, BOP and GCF flow showed a significant increase between T1 and T2 and a reduction between T2 and T3, resulting in the absence of significant differences between T3 and T1, except for BOP at banded sites.ConclusionPlacement of fixed appliances has an impact on periodontal parameters. The results showed that not all parameters were normalized at T3, indicating that the changes are only partially reversible.