bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone in AIDS-Related Lymphoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium Study 047
Authors: Levine Alexandra M. , Noy Ariela , Lee Jeannette Y. , Tam Wayne , Ramos Juan Carlos , Henry David H. , Parekh Samir , Reid Erin G. , Mitsuyasu Ronald , Cooley Timothy , Dezube Bruce J. , Ratner Lee , Cesarman Ethel , Tulpule Anil 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Infusional chemotherapy is efficacious in patients with AIDS-related lymphoma, but it may be difficult to administer. We studied standard agents with rituximab plus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DR-COP) in an attempt to provide a more practical approach to therapy while ascertaining rates of response, potential infectious complications, and prognostic role of biologic markers. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective, multi-institutional phase II trial, employing (day 1) pegylated liposomal doxorubicin 40 mg/m2, rituximab 375 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (not > 2 mg), and prednisone 100 mg orally on days 1 through 5, with concomitant antiretroviral therapy. Results In 40 evaluable patients, median CD4 cells was 114/μL (range, 5 to 1,026/μL), and median HIV-1 viral load (VL) was 25,000 copies/mL. High or intermediate/high age-adjusted International Prognostic Index was present in 28%. Overall response was 67.5%, with complete remission in 47.5% (95% CI, 31.5 to 63.9). Of 19 complete responders, 84% had extranodal disease, 47% had CD4 < 100/μL, and 47% had VL > 50,000 copies/mL; one relapsed. With 25.5-month median follow-up, 62% (95% CI, 44 to 75) of patients remain alive. Sixteen patients (40%) experienced 22 infections, with grade 4 in only two (5%). No patient died as a result of infection during treatment; one had opportunistic infection. Conclusion Profound immunodeficiency and high HIV-1 viral load do not preclude attainment of complete response after DR-COP with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The regimen is tolerable, and use of rituximab was not associated with death as a result of infection during treatment. This approach may be useful in patients in whom the more intensive infusional regimens are impractical.
Prognostic Impact of Pregnancy After Breast Cancer According to Estrogen Receptor Status: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Azim Hatem A. , Kroman Niels , Paesmans Marianne , Gelber Shari , Rotmensz Nicole , Ameye Lieveke , De Mattos-Arruda Leticia , Pistilli Barbara , Pinto Alvaro , Jensen Maj-Britt , Cordoba Octavi , de Azambuja Evandro , Goldhirsch Aron , Piccart Martine J. , Peccatori Fedro A. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose We questioned the impact of pregnancy on disease-free survival (DFS) in women with history of breast cancer (BC) according to estrogen receptor (ER) status. Patients and Methods A multicenter, retrospective cohort study in which patients who became pregnant any time after BC were matched (1:3) to patients with BC with similar ER, nodal status, adjuvant therapy, age, and year of diagnosis. To adjust for guaranteed time bias, each nonpregnant patient had to have a disease-free interval at least equal to the time elapsing between BC diagnosis and date of conception of the matched pregnant one. The primary objective was DFS in patients with ER-positive BC. DFS in the ER-negative cohort, whole population, and overall survival (OS) were secondary objectives. Subgroup analyses included DFS according to pregnancy outcome and BC–pregnancy interval. With a two-sided α = 5% and β = 20%, 645 ER-positive patients were required to detect a hazard ratio (HR) = 0.65. Results A total of 333 pregnant patients and 874 matched nonpregnant patients were analyzed, of whom 686 patients had an ER-positive disease. No difference in DFS was observed between pregnant and nonpregnant patients in the ER-positive (HR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.24, P = .55) or the ER-negative (HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.08, P = .12) cohorts. However, the pregnant group had better OS (HR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.97, P = .03), with no interaction according to ER status (P = .11). Pregnancy outcome and BC–pregnancy interval did not seem to impact the risk of relapse. Conclusion Pregnancy after ER-positive BC does not seem to reduce the risk of BC recurrence.
Into the Unknown: Aging with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth A. , Berkman Karen A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Research investigation of older adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) noticeably lags behind studies of children and younger adults with ASD. This article reviews the current literature regarding a range of quality of life outcomes of aging adults with ASD. Studies that have addressed life expectancy, comorbid physical and mental health issues, ASD symptomatology, and social, residential, and vocational outcomes are reviewed. Research challenges in identifying older cohorts of adults with ASD are also discussed, and notable areas of concern are highlighted. Overall, aging with ASD does present challenges, but there is also evidence that positive outcomes are attainable. The article concludes with brief recommendations on how to optimize the aging process for individuals with ASD.
Monetary policy of the Central Bank of Iraq: Paradox of thrift in rental economy
Authors: Kasim D. Mudher Mohammed Salih 
Published: November 2012

In a rental economy enjoying a relative surplus in its balance of payment, where consumer dominance is maximized and development aspects are neutralized, the tightened monetary policy, although achieving stability and inflation reduction to a single digit, resulted in two gaps in the
economy: The first gap resulted from investing bank's surpluses in risk-free monetary policy instruments with real positive interest rate and high return resulting in what is called 'risk crowding out', leading to weakening the general credit activity. The second gap resulted from the improvement
of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate, which enhanced the purchasing power of government wages with no similar increase in productivity leading to wage increase in the entire labour market, also with no increase in productivity, a principle similar to 'Baumol's cost disease or Baumol effect'; this
gap contributed to economic recession, which is called the principle of 'risk crowing in'.
Finally, stability was achieved in trade of 'risk crowding in' and 'risk crowding out' that neutralized economic development activity and usage due to poor consistency among different policies.
REVIEW ESSAY
Authors: Davis Eric 
Published: November 2012

THE IRAQI REVOLUTION OF 1958: A REVOLUTIONARY QUEST FOR UNITY AND SECURITY, JUAN ROMERO (2011) Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 241 pp., ISBN-10: 0761852581, ISBN-13: 978-0761852582, £41.95 (hbk).
FROM DICTATORSHIP TO DEMOCRACY: AN INSIDER'S ACCOUNT OF THE IRAQI OPPOSITION
TO SADDAM, HAMID AL-BAYATI (2011) Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 347 pp., ISBN-10: 0812242882, ISBN-13: 978-0812242881, £20.70 (pbk).
IRAQ, DEMOCRACY AND THE FUTURE OF THE ARAB WORLD, ALI PAYA AND JOHN ESPOSITO, EDS. (2011) New York: Routledge, 220 pp., ISBN-10:
0415697905, ISBN-13: 978-0415697903, £23.70 (pbk).
Complex formation of Np(V) with fulvic acid at tracer metal concentration
Authors: Müller Katharina , Sasaki Takayuki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Apparent formation constants of pentavalent Np with fulvic acid (FA) were determined in 0.1 M NaClO4, at 25 ºC using a solvent extraction technique with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and phenanthroline (phen) in an isoamyl alcohol solution. The metal concentration was set constant to a tracer level of 1015 M Np(V), relevant for the far field safety assessment of a nuclear waste disposal site. The impact of several solution conditions, namely pH, ionic strength, the initial fulvic acid concentration and the presence of Ca2+, on the complex formation were studied. Similar to the sodium system, the divalent calcium ion effectively prevents complexation of the neptunyl ion with fulvic acid. Furthermore, the derived apparent formation constants were comparatively discussed with literature values obtained at very similar solution conditions.
Approach to on-line monitoring of PUREX process using chemometric processing of the optical spectral data
Authors: Kirsanov Dmitry O. , Babain V. , Agafonova-Moroz M. , Lumpov A. , Legin A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Optical spectroscopic measurements in the UV-Vis and IR ranges were performed in model solutions of aqueous and organic phases of the PUREX process for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing. Chemometric processing of the spectral data with PLS (partial least squares) regression allowed simultaneous quantification of several key components (uranium, neptunium, plutonium, nitric acid) in these mixtures in an effective and elegant way. The content of all key components was quantitively determined with mean relative errors not exceeding 10%. It was shown that the employment of the whole spectra or their certain continuous regions for a PLS calibration enables to decrease the analytical errors compared to the use of a single wavelength in an ordinary least squares approach. The results of this research imply that the development of on-line techniques for SNF reprocessing monitoring is fully possible and can be based on optical spectroscopy methods combined with multivariate data processing techniques.
A study on AB2O6 compounds, Part II: the branches of the hcp family
Authors: Beck Horst P. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The crystal chemistry of many AB2O6 compounds is summarized in family trees comparing the crystal symmetry of several structures in group-subgroup relations. In this second part of a series the largest family derived from a hexagonally close packed arrangement of anions is described. On reducing the symmetry, different choices of octahedral sites for A and B cations and voids lead to four branches – the Rosiaite-, the ZnTa2O6-, the columbite- and the rutile-branch. We trace the reasons for the specific distribution patterns of the cations in the individual compounds by comparing long range contributions, i.e. the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy (MAPLE), and local effects represented by bond valence calculations according to I. D. Brown. Long range effects largely determine the choice of sites in the respective space groups, however, small local adjustments play a decisive role for the stability of a specific structural modification. Such mechanisms ultimately impose how the structure of an individual compound deviates from an ideally packed arrangement. We discuss the difference between the ideal structures and the real examples given in the family tree by defining a sort of deformation tensor and a measure of similarity, and we describe and depict the anisotropic deformation by a strain tensor.
The Relationship Between FST and the Frequency of the Most Frequent Allele
Authors: Jakobsson Mattias , Edge Michael D , Rosenberg Noah A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
F ST is frequently used as a summary of genetic differentiation among groups. It has been suggested that FST depends on the allele frequencies at a locus, as it exhibits a variety of peculiar properties related to genetic diversity: higher values for biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) than for multiallelic microsatellites, low values among high-diversity populations viewed as substantially distinct, and low values for populations that differ primarily in their profiles of rare alleles. A full mathematical understanding of the dependence of FST on allele frequencies, however, has been elusive. Here, we examine the relationship between FST and the frequency of the most frequent allele, demonstrating that the range of values that FST can take is restricted considerably by the allele-frequency distribution. For a two-population model, we derive strict bounds on FST as a function of the frequency M of the allele with highest mean frequency between the pair of populations. Using these bounds, we show that for a value of M chosen uniformly between 0 and 1 at a multiallelic locus whose number of alleles is left unspecified, the mean maximum FST is ∼0.3585. Further, FST is restricted to values much less than 1 when M is low or high, and the contribution to the maximum FST made by the most frequent allele is on average ∼0.4485. Using bounds on homozygosity that we have previously derived as functions of M, we describe strict bounds on FST in terms of the homozygosity of the total population, finding that the mean maximum FST given this homozygosity is 1 − ln 2 ≈ 0.3069. Our results provide a conceptual basis for understanding the dependence of FST on allele frequencies and genetic diversity and for interpreting the roles of these quantities in computations of FST from population-genetic data. Further, our analysis suggests that many unusual observations of FST, including the relatively low FST values in high-diversity human populations from Africa and the relatively low estimates of FST for microsatellites compared to SNPs, can be understood not as biological phenomena associated with different groups of populations or classes of markers but rather as consequences of the intrinsic mathematical dependence of FST on the properties of allele-frequency distributions.
Pediatricians’ Use of Health Information Technology: A National Survey
Authors: Leu Michael G. , O’Connor Karen G. , Marshall Rebecca , Price David T. , Klein Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
There are limited national data on pediatric health information technology adoption rates. Our objective was to determine pediatricians’ adoption rates of electronic health record systems (EHRs), barriers to adoption, and features of the systems adopted.

METHODS:
A survey of 1620 randomly selected US members of the American Academy of Pediatrics from February to July 2009 addressed use of EHRs and barriers to adoption. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to determine associations between EHR use and various physician and practice characteristics.

RESULTS:
Six hundred forty-six postresidency pediatric clinicians practicing in office- or clinic-based settings responded (57.2%). Self-reported electronic medical record/EHR use was 54%/41%, but far fewer used systems that met the definition of a basic (25%) or fully functional (6%) EHR. Only 3% used a system that was fully functional and pediatric-supportive. Pediatricians practicing in multispecialty practices and those in hospital-based practices were more likely to use basic or fully functional EHRs than those in solo/2-physician practices. More than half of respondents reported financial barriers to implementing EHRs, and more than one-third were concerned about whether systems could meet their needs and whether an EHR would affect productivity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatric adoption of fully functional EHRs lags general adoption. Barriers to adoption include financial and productivity concerns, but pediatricians are also concerned about finding systems that meet their needs. Few pediatricians use a system that is pediatric-supportive. To help identify pediatric-supportive systems, EHR certification efforts should include these requirements.
Resistance Versus Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Yardley Jane E. , Kenny Glen P. , Perkins Bruce A. , Riddell Michael C. , Balaa Nadia , Malcolm Janine , Boulay Pierre , Khandwala Farah , Sigal Ronald J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
In type 1 diabetes, small studies have found that resistance exercise (weight lifting) reduces HbA1c. In the current study, we examined the acute impacts of resistance exercise on glycemia during exercise and in the subsequent 24 h compared with aerobic exercise and no exercise.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twelve physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7.1 ± 1.0%) performed 45 min of resistance exercise (three sets of seven exercises at eight repetitions maximum), 45 min of aerobic exercise (running at 60% of Vo2max), or no exercise on separate days. Plasma glucose was measured during and for 60 min after exercise. Interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during, and 24 h after exercise.

RESULTS
Treatment-by-time interactions (P &lt; 0.001) were found for changes in plasma glucose during and after exercise. Plasma glucose decreased from 8.4 ± 2.7 to 6.8 ± 2.3 mmol/L (P = 0.008) during resistance exercise and from 9.2 ± 3.4 to 5.8 ± 2.0 mmol/L (P = 0.001) during aerobic exercise. No significant changes were seen during the no-exercise control session. During recovery, glucose levels did not change significantly after resistance exercise but increased by 2.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L (P = 0.023) after aerobic exercise. Mean interstitial glucose from 4.5 to 6.0 h postexercise was significantly lower after resistance exercise versus aerobic exercise.

CONCLUSIONS
Resistance exercise causes less initial decline in blood glucose during the activity but is associated with more prolonged reductions in postexercise glycemia than aerobic exercise. This might account for HbA1c reductions found in studies of resistance exercise but not aerobic exercise in type 1 diabetes.
Active DNA Aβ42 vaccination as immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease
Authors: Lambracht-Washington Doris , Rosenberg Roger 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
As a neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia found in the aging population. Immunotherapy with passive or active immunizations targeting amyloid beta (Aβ) build-up in the brain may provide a possible treatment option and may help prevent AD from progressing. A number of passive immunizations with anti-Aβ42 antibodies are in different phases of clinical trials. One active immunization approach, AN-1792, was stopped after the development of autoimmune encephalitis in 6% of patients and a second one, CAD106, in which a small Aβ epitope is used, is currently in safety and tolerability studies. Besides active immunizations with proteins or peptides, active immunizations using DNA which codes for the protein against which the immune response will be directed, so called genetic immunizations, provide additional safety as the immune response in DNA immunizations differs quantitatively and qualitatively from the response elicited by peptide immunizations. We summarize in this review our data using DNA Aβ42 immunizations in mouse models and discuss the results together with the results presented by many other groups working on a DNA vaccine as treatment option for AD.
Schizophrenia as a disturbance of cortical sensory maps
Authors: Vukadinovic Zoran 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms, which among others include hallucinations, delusions and passivity experiences. It has been found that individuals with schizophrenia misattribute their own thoughts and actions to an outside agency (source monitoring deficits), which could account for psychotic experiences such as that of hearing voices. In order to explain the source-monitoring deficits as well as psychosis, it has been proposed that mechanisms that enable anticipation and recognition of sensory consequences of one’s own actions are impaired in schizophrenia. Importantly, such mechanisms may require accurate cortical sensory representations such as in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The establishment and maintenance of cortical sensory representations has been found to utilize a sleep-related brain rhythm known as spindling. Namely, in the perinatal period in humans and animals, and possibly also thereafter, spontaneous activity in the sensory periphery drives spindle activity in the developing cortical sensory areas, which then contributes to the formation of sensory representations that match bodily features. For example, muscle twitch-spindle sequences during sleep facilitate the formation and maintenance of S1 in accordance with the layout of musculature. This process has been proposed to continue throughout the lifespan and may be particularly important during periods of bodily changes (adolescence, menopause). In schizophrenia, the amount of sleep spindle activity is markedly reduced, which would be expected to result in insufficient cortical sensory representations and have relevance for the relative inability of individuals with schizophrenia to accurately recognize self-initiated actions.
Pathologies of axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Liu Xin-An , Rizzo Valerio , Puthanveettil Sathyanarayanan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Gene products such as organelles, proteins and RNAs are actively transported to synaptic terminals for the remodeling of pre-existing neuronal connections and formation of new ones. Proteins described as molecular motors mediate this transport and utilize specialized cytoskeletal proteins that function as molecular tracks for the motor based transport of cargos. Molecular motors such as kinesins and dynein’s move along microtubule tracks formed by tubulins whereas myosin motors utilize tracks formed by actin. Deficits in active transport of gene products have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders. We describe such disorders collectively as “transportopathies”. Here we review current knowledge of critical components of active transport and their relevance to neurodegenerative diseases.
Les regarnis de Versailles et de Trianon à travers vingt commandes aux Pépinières du roi (1753-1772)
Authors: Olivesi Felice 
Published: November 2012

Un ensemble de documents conservés aux Archives nationales, dans les papiers des Bâtiments du roi, concerne les replantations d’entretien des jardins de Versailles et de Trianon, appelées « regarnis ». Il s’agit de vingt commandes de plantes adressées aux Pépinières du roi entre 1753 et 1772, rédigées sur le même modèle et contenant les mêmes renseignements : quantité, nom et lieu de destination de chaque plante. L’étude de cette série ininterrompue permet de dégager des liens entre les espèces végétales et leur rôle paysager, ainsi qu’une hiérarchie parmi les plantes et les composantes paysagères. Ces commandes de regarnis témoignent en outre de la volonté – mais aussi de la difficulté – de maintenir les jardins dans leur état d’origine et apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les choix de gestion des différents jardins sous le règne de Louis XV.
Cutting Edge: IL-13Rα1 Expression in Dopaminergic Neurons Contributes to Their Oxidative Stress–Mediated Loss following Chronic Peripheral Treatment with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Morrison Brad E. , Marcondes Maria Cecilia Garibaldi , Nomura Daniel K. , Sanchez-Alavez Manuel , Sanchez-Gonzalez Alejandro , Saar Indrek , Kim Kwang-Soo , Bartfai Tamas , Maher Pamela , Sugama Shuei , Conti Bruno 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Inflammation and its mediators, including cytokines and reactive oxygen species, are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. In the mouse brain, we found that IL-13Rα1 was expressed in the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which are preferentially lost in human Parkinson’s disease. Mice deficient for Il13ra1 exhibited resistance to loss of DA neurons in a model of chronic peripheral inflammation using bacterial LPS. IL-13, as well as IL-4, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of t-butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide on mouse DA MN9D cells. Collectively, our data indicate that expression of IL-13Rα1 on DA neurons can increase their susceptibility to oxidative stress–mediated damage, thereby contributing to their preferential loss. In humans, Il13ra1 lies on the X chromosome within the PARK12 locus of susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that IL-13Rα1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disease.