bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of the Thermal Binding Issue of Safety Related MOVs at NPP Krško
Authors: Balić Matija , Bajs Tomislav , Sember Bogoljub 
Published: February 2014

Pressure Locking and Thermal Binding (PL/TB) are two different but related physical phenomena, which under certain conditions may prevent the opening of some types of valves.
According to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) NPP operators should evaluate all safety.related power operated gate valves in all operational configurations for susceptibility to PL/TB. Corrective actions are required for susceptible valves that shall assure performance of safety function within plant licensing bases.
NEK (NEK) first addressed this issue through the analysis of the Motor Operated Valves (MOV) that were included in the NEK MOV program. This approach resulted with 31 valves in Krško NPP being found as susceptible to TB, 21 of which to both TB and PL. Subsequently, a more thorough analysis was performed, which took into account realistic operational parameters and detailed deterministic and probabilistic assessment evaluation of accident scenarios. This produced a list of 8 valves susceptible to PL, and another 8 susceptible to TB.
Valves were screened according to their safety significance, safety function, type, operational history, and operational conditions. Where applicable, Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) has been used as a tool to screen the risk from PL/TB to the safe plant operation. To reduce the risk from PL/TB occurrence, either physical modification of the valve (alteration of actuator gear ratio to provide more force), relevant part of the entire fluid system (flooding of sump suction lines), or simulation and testing to confirm actual ability to overcome increased forces (initiating a controlled TB condition, and testing to confirm actuator’s ability to perform), was used.
Methods used and results produced for TB are the subject of this paper.
An Engineer’s Guide to Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Bell Robert J. , Birks Albert S. 
Published: February 2014

This paper applies to individuals charged with maintaining the reliability of shell and tube heat exchangers. These persons typically specify and/or retain the services of others to examine heat exchangers with nondestructive test methods, such as eddy current and are responsible for submitting run-repair-replace recommendations to management.
Electromagnetic Testing (ET) uses the electromagnetic characteristics of components made of conductive materials to determine their condition. Eddy Current Testing (ECT), an electromagnetic method that utilizes induced electrical currents, is usually used to examine non-ferromagnetic materials.
ECT’s high rate of examination, relatively good accuracy with thin wall components, repeatability and volumetric measurement make it an ideal method for examining nonmagnetic heat exchanger tubes. This paper will provide a brief description of the method, concentrating on ECT because most power generation industry heat exchanger tubing is non-ferromagnetic in nature. This paper will also address the following:
• Training and Certification of Technicians.
• ET signal analysis, an exacting science?
• ASME Section V, Appendix II vs. Appendix VIII for in-situ ECT of all heat exchanger tubing.
• Signal analysis variables and limitations.
• A need to know the potential degradation mechanisms.
• Condition assessment vs. eddy current testing.
Driving Water and Wastewater Utilities to More Sustainable Energy Management
Authors: Liner Barry , Stacklin Christopher 
Published: February 2014

The Water Environment Federation (WEF) and industry leaders have identified the need for an energy roadmap to guide utilities of all sizes down the road to overall sustainable energy management through increased renewable energy production and energy conservation. This roadmap leverages a framework developed by the electric power sector. Known as the The Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM), the framework moved the industry toward “Smart Grid” technology. The basis of the Energy Roadmap originated at a workshop of water and power industry leaders convened by WEF in North Carolina in March 2012. Case studies were analyzed from successful utilities in Austria, Holland, Australia, and the United States. High level, strategic best practices were identified and organized into topic areas, which define the level of progression (enable, integrate and optimize) towards achieving energy sustainability.
As a living document, the roadmap is always under review by dedicated groups within the industry. A number of utilities worldwide have already taken the leap and begun this transformation towards resource recovery and many more are peering over the edge. The WEF Energy Roadmap is intended to guide utilities of all sizes as they progress toward becoming treatment plants of the future. While it is not practical for all wastewater treatment plants to become energy positive or neutral, all can take steps towards increasing energy sustainability.
A key component of the WEF Energy Roadmap is collaboration between water/wastewater utilities and electric utilities. This paper focuses on lessons learned and case studies about energy and water utilities working together to address energy-water nexus challenges. This paper examines perspectives both from energy use at water sector facilities and water use at energy sector facilities.
Potential Drought Impacts on Electricity Generation in Texas
Authors: Yan Y. Eugene , Demissie Yonas K. , Wigmosta Mark S. , Tidwell Vince C. , King Carey W. , Cook Margaret A. 
Published: February 2014

Many power plants in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) region require a large amount of water for system cooling. To improve the understanding of potential risks of electricity generation curtailment due to drought, an assessment of water availability and its potential impacts on generation during drought was performed. For this impact analysis, we identified three drought scenarios based on historical drought records and projected climate data from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global climate model, for greenhouse gas emission scenario A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The three drought scenarios are (1) 2011 drought conditions (the worst drought in history), with the current level of water use; (2) a single-year drought (2022) projected for the period of 2020–2030, with the assumed projected water use level for 2030; and (3) a multiple-year drought constructed with climate data for 1950–1957 and water demand projected for 2030. The projected drought scenario in 2022 and the historical droughts in 2011 and 1950–1957 represent two different precipitation patterns in the Texas-Gulf river basin.
The hydrologic model constructed for the Texas-Gulf river basin covers most of the ERCOT region. The model incorporates climate and water use data that correspond to three drought scenarios, respectively, to estimate evapotranspiration, water yield from watersheds, stream flow and water storage in reservoirs. Using criteria based on observed (< 50% storage) and predicted (< 55% storage) reservoir data, we identified 15 low-storage reservoirs in 2011, 10 in 2022, and 20 in 1956 (the last year of the multiple-year drought). The power plants that are supported by these reservoirs would be potentially at risk of being derated for thermoelectric cooling because of a lack of water supply. These power plants are located mainly in watersheds near and between Houston and Austin, as well as surrounding Dallas.
Comparison of patient specific dose metrics between chest radiography, tomosynthesis, and CT for adult patients of wide ranging body habitus
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Li Xiang , Segars W. Paul , Samei Ehsan 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:Given the radiation concerns inherent to the x‐ray modalities, accurately estimating the radiation doses that patients receive during different imaging modalities is crucial. This study estimated organ doses, effective doses, and risk indices for the three clinical chest x‐ray imaging techniques (chest radiography, tomosynthesis, and CT) using 59 anatomically variable voxelized phantoms and Monte Carlo simulation methods.Methods:A total of 59 computational anthropomorphic male and female extended cardiac‐torso (XCAT) adult phantoms were used in this study. Organ doses and effective doses were estimated for a clinical radiography system with the capability of conducting chest radiography and tomosynthesis (Definium 8000, VolumeRAD, GE Healthcare) and a clinical CT system (LightSpeed VCT, GE Healthcare). A Monte Carlo dose simulation program (PENELOPE, version 2006, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain) was used to mimic these two clinical systems. The Duke University (Durham, NC) technique charts were used to determine the clinical techniques for the radiographic modalities. An exponential relationship between CTDIvol and patient diameter was used to determine the absolute dose values for CT. The simulations of the two clinical systems compute organ and tissue doses, which were then used to calculate effective dose and risk index. The calculation of the two dose metrics used the tissue weighting factors from ICRP Publication 103 and BEIR VII report.Results:The average effective dose of the chest posteroanterior examination was found to be 0.04 mSv, which was 1.3% that of the chest CT examination. The average effective dose of the chest tomosynthesis examination was found to be about ten times that of the chest posteroanterior examination and about 12% that of the chest CT examination. With increasing patient average chest diameter, both the effective dose and risk index for CT increased considerably in an exponential fashion, while these two dose metrics only increased slightly for radiographic modalities and for chest tomosynthesis. Effective and organ doses normalized to mAs all illustrated an exponential decrease with increasing patient size. As a surface organ, breast doses had less correlation with body size than that of lungs or liver.Conclusions:Patient body size has a much greater impact on radiation dose of chest CT examinations than chest radiography and tomosynthesis. The size of a patient should be considered when choosing the best thoracic imaging modality.
Use of volumetric features for temporal comparison of mass lesions in full field digital mammograms
Authors: Bozek Jelena , Kallenberg Michiel , Grgic Mislav , Karssemeijer Nico 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:Temporal comparison of lesions might improve classification between benign and malignant lesions in full‐field digital mammograms (FFDM). The authors compare the use of volumetric features for lesion classification, which are computed from dense tissue thickness maps, to the use of mammographic lesion area. Use of dense tissue thickness maps for lesion characterization is advantageous, since it results in lesion features that are invariant to acquisition parameters.Methods:The dataset used in the analysis consisted of 60 temporal mammogram pairs comprising 120 mediolateral oblique or craniocaudal views with a total of 65 lesions, of which 41 were benign and 24 malignant. The authors analyzed the performance of four volumetric features, area, and four other commonly used features obtained from temporal mammogram pairs, current mammograms, and prior mammograms. The authors evaluated the individual performance of all features and of different feature sets. The authors used linear discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross validation to classify different feature sets.Results:Volumetric features from temporal mammogram pairs achieved the best individual performance, as measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az value). Volume change (Az = 0.88) achieved higher Az value than projected lesion area change (Az = 0.78) in the temporal comparison of lesions. Best performance was achieved with a set that consisted of a set of features extracted from the current exam combined with four volumetric features representing changes with respect to the prior mammogram (Az = 0.90). This was significantly better (p = 0.005) than the performance obtained using features from the current exam only (Az = 0.77).Conclusions:Volumetric features from temporal mammogram pairs combined with features from the single exam significantly improve discrimination of benign and malignant lesions in FFDM mammograms compared to using only single exam features. In the comparison with prior mammograms, use of volumetric change may lead to better performance than use of lesion area change.
Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum Strain W1481, a Possible New Subspecies Isolated from a Periodontal Pocket
Authors: Ang Mia Yang , Dymock David , Tan Joon Liang , Thong Ming Hang , Tan Qin Kai , Wong Guat Jah , Paterson Ian C. , Choo Siew Woh 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Fusobacterium nucleatum
is a bacterial species commonly detected in dental plaque within the human oral cavity, with some strains associated with periodontal disease, one of the most common clinical bacterial infections in the human body. The exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still not completely understood. In this study, we present the genome sequence and annotation of
F. nucleatum
strain W1481, isolated from a periodontal pocket of a dental patient at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of which showed it to be markedly different from the five previously named subspecies.
Genome Sequence of Borrelia parkeri, an Agent of Enzootic Relapsing Fever in Western North America
Authors: Barbour Alan G. , Campeau Miller Shelley 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Borrelia parkeri
is a relapsing fever agent that rarely causes human infection, unlike other North American species.
B. parkeri
strain HR1 was isolated from
Ornithodoros parkeri
ticks. The sequences of its linear chromosome and large plasmid were determined by next-generation sequencing. These confirmed its closer relatedness to
Borrelia turicatae
than to
Borrelia hermsii
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Burkholderia dolosa PC543 Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Airways
Authors: Workentine Matthew L. , Surette Michael G. , Bernier Steve P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia dolosa
is a member of the
Burkholderia cepacia
complex, a group of opportunistic bacterial pathogens often associated with fatal chronic infections in the lungs of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of
B. dolosa
PC543 (LMG 19468), a CF airway isolate.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Toxic Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
NIES-81
Authors: Cao Huansheng , Shimura Yohei , Masanobu Kawachi , Yin Yanbin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
is a toxic filamentous cyanobacterium that causes water blooms in freshwaters across the globe. We present the draft genome sequence of the
A. flos-aquae
strain NIES-81, which was determined by 454 pyrosequencing technology. The draft genome is ~5.7 Mb, containing 5,802 predicted protein-coding genes and 58 RNA genes, with a G+C content of 38.5%.
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Rhodobacter capsulatus Strains, YW1, YW2, B6, Y262, R121, and DE442
Authors: Ding Hao , Moksa Michelle M. , Hirst Martin , Beatty J. Thomas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Rhodobacter capsulatus
is a model organism for studying a novel type of horizontal gene transfer mediated by a phage-like gene transfer agent (RcGTA). Here we report the draft genome sequences of six
R. capsulatus
strains that exhibit different RcGTA properties, including RcGTA overproducers, RcGTA nonproducers, and/or RcGTA nonreceivers.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus rhodochrous Strain ATCC 21198
Authors: Shields-Menard Sara A. , Brown Steven D. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Indest Karl , Hancock Dawn , Wewalwela Jayani J. , French W. Todd , Donaldson Janet R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus rhodochrous
is a Gram-positive red-pigmented bacterium commonly found in the soil. The draft genome sequence for
R. rhodochrous
strain ATCC 21198 is presented here to provide genetic data for a better understanding of its lipid-accumulating capabilities.
Complete Closed Genome Sequences of Three Bibersteinia trehalosi Nasopharyngeal Isolates from Cattle with Shipping Fever
Authors: Harhay Gregory P. , McVey D. Scott , Koren Sergey , Phillippy Adam M. , Bono Jim , Harhay Dayna M. , Clawson Michael L. , Heaton Michael P. , Chitko-McKown Carol G. , Korlach Jonas , Smith Timothy P. L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Bibersteinia trehalosi
is a respiratory pathogen affecting cattle and related ruminants worldwide.
B. trehalosi
is closely related to
Mannheimia haemolytica
and is often associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), a polymicrobial multifactorial disease. We present three complete closed genome sequences of this species generated using an automated assembly pipeline.
Complete Closed Genome Sequences of Four Mannheimia varigena Isolates from Cattle with Shipping Fever
Authors: Harhay Gregory P. , Murray Robert W. , Lubbers Brian , Griffin Dee , Koren Sergey , Phillippy Adam M. , Harhay Dayna M. , Bono James , Clawson Michael L. , Heaton Michael P. , Chitko-McKown Carol G. , Smith Timothy P. L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Mannheimia varigena
is an occasional respiratory pathogen of cattle and pigs. We present the first four complete closed genome sequences of this species.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 Circulating in Italy, Obtained through a Fast Next-Generation Sequencing Protocol
Authors: Lorusso Alessio , Marcacci Maurilia , Ancora Massimo , Mangone Iolanda , Leone Alessandra , Marini Valeria , Cammà Cesare , Savini Giovanni 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
A field strain of the bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1) was isolated from infected sheep in Sardinia, Italy, in October 2013. The genome was sequenced using Ion Torrent technology. BTV-1 strain SAD2013 belongs to the Western topotype of BTV-1, clustering with BTV-1 strains isolated in Europe and northern Africa since 2006.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lichen-Forming Fungus
Cladonia metacorallifera
Strain KoLRI002260
Authors: Park Sook-Young , Choi Jaeyoung , Lee Gir-Won , Kim Jung A , Oh Soon-Ok , Jeong Min-Hye , Yu Nan-Hee , Kim Soonok , Lee Yong-Hwan , Hur Jae-Seoun 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

The lichen-forming fungus
Cladonia metacorallifera
strain KoLRI002260 is capable of producing a number of secondary metabolites, including usnic, didymic, and squamatic acids, which have antitumor, antioxidant, and antibiotic activities. The draft genome assembly has a size of 36,682,060 bp, with a G+C content of 44.91%, and consists of 30 scaffolds.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel Lactobacillus salivarius Strain Isolated from Piglet
Authors: MacKenzie Donald A. , McLay Kirsten , Roos Stefan , Walter Jens , Swarbreck David , Drou Nizar , Crossman Lisa C. , Juge Nathalie 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus salivarius
is part of the vertebrate indigenous microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and milk. The properties associated with some
L. salivarius
strains have led to their use as probiotics. Here we describe the draft genome of the pig isolate
L. salivarius
cp400, providing insights into host-niche specialization.
Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas azelaica
HBP1, Which Catabolizes 2-Hydroxybiphenyl Fungicide
Authors: García José L. , Rozas Daniel , del Cerro Carlos , Nogales Juan , El-Said Mohamed Magdy , Díaz Eduardo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas azelaica
HBP1 (DSM 8897) is one of the few bacteria able to completely mineralize the 2-hydroxybiphenyl biocide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this strain (7.4 Mbp; G+C content, 63.5%) and the findings obtained from its genome annotation.
Randomised placebo-controlled study of the effect of paracetamol on asthma severity in adults
Authors: Ioannides Sally J , Williams Mathew , Jefferies Sarah , Perrin Kyle , Weatherall Mark , Siebers Robert , Crane Julian , Patel Mitesh , Travers Justin , Shirtcliffe Philippa , Beasley Richard 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of regular paracetamol on bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and asthma control in adult asthma.SettingSingle research-based outpatient clinic.Participants94 adults with mild-to-moderate asthma received randomised treatment; 85 completed the study. Key inclusion criteria were age 18–65 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) >70% predicted, provocation concentration of methacholine causing a 20% reduction in FEV1(PC20) between 0.125 and 16 mg/mL. Key exclusion criteria included an asthma exacerbation within the previous 2 months, current regular use of paracetamol, use of high-dose aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, current or past cigarette smoking >10 pack-years.InterventionsIn a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, participants received 12 weeks of 1 g paracetamol twice daily or placebo twice daily.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome variable was BHR, measured as the PC20at week 12. Secondary outcome variables included FEV1, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) score.ResultsAt 12 weeks, the mean (SD) logarithm base two PC20was 1.07 (2.36) in the control group (N=54) and 0.62 (2.09) in the paracetamol group (N=31). After controlling for baseline PC20, the mean difference (paracetamol minus placebo) was −0.48 doubling dose worsening in BHR in the paracetamol group (95% CI −1.28 to 0.32), p=0.24. There were no statistically significant differences (paracetamol minus placebo) in log FeNO (0.09 (95% CI −0.097 to 0.27)), FEV1(−0.07 L (95% CI −0.15 to 0.01)) or ACQ score (−0.04 (95% CI −0.27 to 0.18)).ConclusionsThere was no significant effect of paracetamol on BHR and asthma control in adults with mild-to-moderate asthma. However, the study findings are limited by low power and the upper confidence limits did not rule out clinically relevant adverse effects.Trial RegistrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: NZCTR12609000551291.
The association of graduated driver licensing with miles driven and fatal crash rates per miles driven among adolescents
Authors: Zhu Motao , Cummings Peter , Zhao Songzhu , Coben Jeffrey H , Smith Gordon S 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundGraduated driver licensing (GDL) laws are associated with reduced crash rates per person-year among adolescents. It is unknown whether adolescents crash less per miles driven or drive less under GDL policies.MethodsWe used data from the US National Household Travel Survey and Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1995–1996, 2001–2002 and 2008–2009. We compared adolescents subject to GDL laws with those not by estimating adjusted IRRs for being a driver in a crash with a death per person-year (aIRRpy) and per miles driven (aIRRm), and adjusted miles driven ratios (aMR) controlling for changes in rates over time.ResultsComparing persons subject to GDL policies with those not, 16 year olds had fewer fatal crashes per person-year (aIRRpy 0.63, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.91), drove fewer miles (aMR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.98) and had lower crash rates per miles driven (aIRRm 0.83, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.06). For age 17, the aIRRpy was 0.83 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.17), the aMR 0.80 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.03) and the aIRRm 1.03 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.35). For age 18, the aIRRpy was 0.93 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.19), the aMR 0.92 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.09) and the aIRRm 1.01 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.23).ConclusionsIf these associations are causal, GDL laws reduced crashes per person-year by about one-third among 16 year olds; half the reduction was due to fewer crashes per miles driven and half to less driving. For ages 17 and 18, there was no evidence of reduced crash rates per miles driven.