bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strangulated pericardial hernia presenting as a case of STEMI; when the disease misleads the physician: a very rare case report
Authors: Omar Asaad Shareef , Musa Dildar Haji , Sgery Azri Salih Haji 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and importance:
The pericardial hernia is a rarely encountered clinical condition characterized by the herniation of the abdominal viscera into the pericardial cavity. Trauma precedes the development of these hernias in most cases, yet iatrogenic intervention and congenital defects are other potential causes.

Case presentation:
A male aged 60 years, with no history of previous trauma, presented with epigastric pain and was diagnosed with a case of STEMI. After the treatment, the patient continued to deteriorate and developed repeated vomiting. Surgical consultation was counseled which recommended a plain erect abdominal radiograph that revealed air-fluid levels. During surgery, the surgeon noticed a strangulated jejunum protruding into the pericardium, and the case was diagnosed as a pericardial hernia.

Clinical discussion:
Pericardial hernias could be congenital or acquired and trauma is regarded as the commonest cause in adults. According to the history and clinical presentation the cause could be an old-forgotten trauma that has led to the small defect formation and protrusion of the jejunum. Trauma is regarded as the commonest cause; however, cases can pass unnoticed. The clinical presentation of this patient was initially related to acute coronary syndrome and was treated with primary coronary intervention, later a co-existing cause or probably the initiating cause was found to be a pericardial hernia.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of the case makes a significant challenge that requires a high index of suspicion due to the rarity of the condition, variable clinical presentation, and the delayed development of symptoms.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Interventions Used by Midwives to Treat Fear of Childbirth
Authors: Mies Padilla Sergio , González de la Torre Héctor , López Alcaide Elena , Verdú Soriano José , Martín Martínez Alicia 
Published: August 2024

Background
Fear of childbirth affects women worldwide and can have adverse consequences. Midwives have implemented a number of interventions, autonomously or as part of a professional team. However, midwives have been unable to identify the most appropriate intervention for ensuring the reduction or alleviation of this fear to provide the best perinatal outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal educational intervention followed by specific support during childbirth, designed and delivered exclusively by midwives for women with a high fear of childbirth.

Method
This randomized controlled trial was performed with two arms in two phases: an online prenatal education phase followed by a support phase during childbirth. Participating women with a high fear of childbirth, which was determined using the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire A–Spanish version, were assigned to the experimental group or the usual care control group at a 1:1 ratio.

Results
Women showed a reduction in fear of childbirth in both phases of the study. According to the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant mean difference was observed in the prenatal stage in favor of the intervention group, and a nonsignificant difference was observed in favor of this same group after delivery.

Discussion
The effectiveness of continuous specific prenatal education with preferential support during childbirth by midwives was indicated by improvements in the level of fear of childbirth.
Differences in Self-Reported Stress Versus Hair and Nail Cortisol Among Adolescent and Young Adult Males
Authors: Schnall Rebecca , Liu Jianfang , Cordoba Evette , Brin Maeve , Garofalo Robert , Kuhns Lisa M. , Jandev Vikrant , Careem Fathima Raviya , Hidoyatov Muhammadzohir , Padilla Janeth Juarez , Pearson Cynthia , Batey D. Scott , Norful Allison A. , Bendinskas Kestutis 
Published: August 2024

Background
Chronic stress causes harmful physiological responses that yield increased inflammation and subsequent health conditions. Stress is an important measure among minoritized populations who face social situations that predispose risk to developing mental health problems. Hair and fingernail cortisol have been studied as retrospective measures of chronic stress and to demonstrate biological response to social situations.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to compare the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) with hair and nail cortisol concentrations and assess the risk factors associated with stress levels among heterosexual and sexual and gender-minoritized adolescent males.

Methods
We recruited a cohort of adolescents who were assigned male sex at birth. Approximately half of our cohort consisted of sexual and gender-minoritized people, and half consisted of heterosexual cisgender males. Participants provided hair and nail samples and completed a survey that included demographic and hair hygiene questions and the PSS. Hair and nail samples were processed in a laboratory, and survey results were analyzed descriptively.

Results
Several samples were not provided or received, and some survey data were missing. Hair and nail cortisol values were significantly associated. There was no significant relationship between the PSS and hair and nail cortisol values. No significant differences were found between the heterosexual and sexual minoritized groups. Black participants reported lower perceived stress scores compared to White participants. Participants whose gender was nonbinary or genderqueer had higher hair cortisol values compared to those who identified as male. Older participants had higher hair cortisol values compared to younger participants.

Discussion
Previous researchers have similarly found no correlation between self-report stress scales and cortisol values, increased stress experience among nonbinary or genderqueer individuals compared to cisgender individuals, and a positive correlation between aging and stress. Yet, our finding that Black participants reported lower stress levels than White participants is unexpected. Our study demonstrates a high correlation between hair and nail cortisol values, suggesting the potential to substitute these markers as needed.
Estimating the Relationship Between Nurse Staffing and Medication Pass Workload Using National Barcode Data
Authors: Eck Chase S. , Knox Melissa K. , Mehta Paras D. , Petersen Laura A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Measuring and assessing the relationship between inpatient nurse staffing and workload across a national health system is difficult because of challenges in systematically observing inpatient workload at the unit level.

Objective
The objective of this study was to apply a novel measure of inpatient nurse workload to estimate the relationship between inpatient nurse staffing and nurse workload at the unit level during a key nursing activity: the peak-time medication pass.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Veterans Health Administration, the largest employer of nurses in the United States. The sample included all patients (n = 1,578,399 patient days) admitted to 311 non-intensive care unit inpatient acute care units in 112 hospitals in 2019 (104,588 unit days). Staffing was measured as the unit-level, nurse-to-patient ratio, and workload was measured using average time (duration) for RNs to complete the peak-time medication pass.

Results
We found a negative relationship between the RN-to-patient ratio and average peak-time medication pass duration after adjusting for unit-level patient volume and average patient severity of illness and other unit-level factors. This relationship was nonlinear: The marginal effect of staffing on workload decreased as staffing increased.

Discussion
As unit-level nurse staffing increased, average RN workload decreased. This result suggests that interventions to improve nurse staffing may have larger nonlinear effects for units with lower staffing levels. Understanding the effect of differing staffing decisions on variations in nursing workload is critical for adopting models of care that effectively use scarce staffing resources and contribute to retaining nurses in the inpatient workforce. This work provides evidence that peak-time medication pass duration is a valid process-based measure of workload and highlights the potential diminishing returns to increasing staffing.
Intervention Fidelity in a Virtual Community Participatory Research Trial
Authors: Jones Holly J. , Bakas Tamilyn , Bacchus Patricia , Yildiz Vedat O. , Kovacic Melinda Butsch 
Published: August 2024

Background
Midlife Black women (ages 45–64 years) suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular disease, yet there remains a paucity of programs tailored to this at-risk subpopulation. The Midlife Black Women’s Stress Reduction and Wellness (B-SWELL) program was codeveloped with community representatives to provide culturally tailored materials and content designed to increase adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors and improve cardiovascular health. Few reports highlight the methods used to monitor fidelity in community participatory research.

Objective
The objective of this report is to describe approaches used to ensure fidelity in the B-SWELL feasibility trial.

Methods
A virtual randomized feasibility trial was conducted. Intervention fidelity was evaluated in accordance with Borrelli’s five principles of fidelity: design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment. In addition to the rigorous oversight by the research team, tools were developed or adapted for the virtual trial. Tools used in the trial included a Visual Analog Attendee Engagement Tool, weekly feedback surveys, audio recordings, a facilitator’s checklist, an overall satisfaction survey, and a technology survey.

Results
Using Borrelli’s framework for treatment fidelity, the researchers noted high ratings from the overall satisfaction survey, designed to assess ongoing participant satisfaction with the intervention materials and continued enactment. The tools successfully guided the intervention process from design to enactment.

Discussion
Adherence to Borrelli’s principles of fidelity enables rigorous oversight of an intervention and its delivery. The growing use of technology to deliver programmed interventions requires that tools be adapted and created to monitor fidelity. Validation of the research-developed and -adapted tools is recommended in a larger trial.
Diagnostic Validation of the Updated Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk II for Acute Kidney Injury Prediction Model in Pediatric Septic Shock*
Authors: Stanski Natalja L. , Zhang Bin , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Bigham Michael T. , Jain Parag N. , Schwarz Adam J. , Lutfi Riad , Allen Geoffrey L. , Thomas Neal J. , Baines Torrey , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Weiss Scott L. , Atreya Mihir R. , Lautz Andrew J. , Zingarelli Basilia , Standage Stephen W. , Kaplan Jennifer , Goldstein Stuart L. 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES:
We previously derived the updated Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk for Acute Kidney Injury (PERSEVERE-II AKI) prediction model, which had robust diagnostic test characteristics for severe AKI on day 3 (D3 severe AKI) of septic shock. We now sought to validate this model in an independent cohort of children to the one in which the model was developed.

DESIGN:
A secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational study carried out from January 2019 to December 2022.

SETTING:
Ten PICUs in the United States.

PATIENTS:
Children with septic shock 1 week to 18 years old admitted to the PICU.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Seventy-nine of 363 patients (22%) had D3 severe AKI, defined as Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes stage 2 or higher. Patients were assigned a probability of D3 severe AKI using the PERSEVERE-II AKI model. The model predicted D3 severe AKI with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.93), sensitivity of 77% (95% CI, 66–86%), specificity of 88% (95% CI, 84–92%), positive predictive value of 65% (95% CI, 54–74%), and negative predictive value of 93% (95% CI, 89–96%). These data represent an increase in post-test probability of D3 severe AKI with a positive test from 22% to 65%, and a prevalence threshold of 28%. On multivariable regression, the PERSEVERE-II AKI prediction model demonstrated greater adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for D3 severe AKI (aOR, 11.2; 95% CI, 4.9–25.3) and lesser aOR for failure of D3 renal recovery from early AKI (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.69).

CONCLUSIONS:
The PERSEVERE-II AKI model demonstrates consistently robust performance for prediction of new or persistent D3 severe AKI in children with septic shock. A major limitation is that actual D3 severe AKI prevalence is below the prevalence threshold for the test, and thus future work should focus on evaluating use in enriched populations.
Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection among preterm infants
Authors: Puopolo Karen M. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Although there are multiple benefits of mother's own milk feeding for very-low birth weight, low gestation infants, those born to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive mothers are at risk for acquiring postnatal CMV infection. This review will describe the risk and consequences of postnatal CMV infection among very preterm infants.

Recent findings
Postnatal CMV may manifest as clinically silent infection or as mild to severe and occasionally fatal disease. The risk of disease is balanced by the health benefits of human milk feeding to preterm infants. Postnatal CMV infection has been associated with increased risks of multiple preterm morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and neurodevelopmental impairment, but current evidence is limited by the selection bias inherent to reporting in case series and retrospective cohort studies.

Summary
Knowledge gaps exist regarding the risk–benefit balance of pasteurization to inactivate CMV in fresh breast milk, as well as the optimal dosing, duration and efficacy of treating infected infants with antiviral medications. Multicenter, prospective studies are urgently needed to accurately determine the true burden that postnatal CMV infection presents to very preterm infants. Such studies will inform the need for preventive strategies and treatment guidance.
68Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Xiang Feifan , Liu Huipan , Tan Xiaoqi , Ma Wenzhe , Chen Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 29-year-old man with Ewing sarcoma in the right ankle underwent 68Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT, both of which showed high radiotracer activity for the primary tumor. Interestingly, bone metastases were detected early using 68Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT for the sixth thoracic vertebrae and with 18F-FDG PET/CT for the bilateral humerus. Higher uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-IBA was found in both primary and metastatic sites of Ewing sarcoma. 177Lu-DOTA-IBA may be one of the possible therapies for metastatic or recurrent Ewing sarcoma.
Enhanced Cell Wall Mechanics in VirtualLeaf Enable Realistic Simulations of Plant Tissue Dynamics
Authors: Großeholz Ruth , van Nieuwenhoven Richard W. , Mele Bruno Hay , Merks Roeland M.H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComputational modelling has become increasingly important in advancing our understanding of biological systems, necessitating the development of new computational approaches and software. VirtualLeaf, in particular, is a modelling framework for plant tissues that accounts for the biophysical mechanics of plant cell interactions. The plant cell wall plays a pivotal role in plant development and survival, with younger cells generally having thinner, more flexible (primary) walls than older cells. Signalling processes in growth and pathogen infection also affect cell wall stability. This article presents an updated version of VirtualLeaf with improved cell wall mechanics and morphing behaviour. These are crucial for ultimately understanding plant tissue dynamics and essential signalling processes during growth, tissue formation and pathogen defence. The updated version of VirtualLeaf enables detailed modelling of variations in cell wall stability to the level of individual cell wall elements. These improvements lay the groundwork for using VirtualLeaf to address new research questions, including the structural implications of pathogen infection and growth.
A flexible model for thermal performance curves
Authors: Cruz-Loya Mauricio , Mordecai Erin A , Savage Van M 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTemperature responses of many biological traits—including population growth, survival, and development—are described by thermal performance curves (TPCs) with phenomenological models like the Briere function or mechanistic models related to chemical kinetics. Existing TPC models are either simple but inflexible in shape, or flexible yet difficult to interpret in biological terms. Here we present flexTPC: a model that is parameterized exclusively in terms of biologically interpretable quantities, including the thermal minimum, optimum, and maximum, and the maximum trait value. FlexTPC can describe unimodal temperature responses of any skewness and thermal breadth, enabling direct comparisons across populations, traits, or taxa with a single model. We apply flexTPC to various microbial and entomological datasets, compare results with the Briere model, and find that flexTPC often has better predictive performance. The interpretability of flexTPC makes it ideal for modeling how thermal responses change with ecological stressors or evolve over time.
Transcriptional and Metabolic Mechanism of Carbon Dots Enhancing Rice Growth and Resistance by Promoting Root
Authors: Li Yadong , Xu Ronghua , Qi Jingyi , Lei Shang , Han Qianying , Ma Congli , Ru Yunlong , Wang Hongjie 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing climate change and pollutant discharge induce constant challenges to crops, while crops are vulnerable to environmental and pollutant stresses. In this study, a carbon dots (CDs) was developed that significantly increased rice seedling growth, and successfully reduced the inhibition of heavy metal cadmium (Cd), salt (NaCl), and herbicide 2,4-D stresses on rice seedling growth by pre-spraying. The root of rice seedlings responded specifically to CDs exposure, with significant improvements in root biomass, architecture, cell wall thickness, mechanical strength, and metabolic vitality. Metabolomics and transcriptomics were combined to reveal the regulatory mechanism of CDs in rice seedlings. Transcriptome analysis indicated that CDs upregulated genes related to cytokinin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, MAPK signaling pathway, calcium homeostasis, and peroxidase, and downregulated those related to auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Metabolomic analysis suggested CDs improved the metabolites related to antioxidant (betalain, ascorbate, aldarate, and glutathione), formation of cell wall, plasma membrane, xylem, and root cortex (phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and sphingolipid), and energy metabolism (nicotinate, nicotinamide, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and nitrate cycle) in rice seedlings. Therefore, pre-spraying CDs reprogrammed stress signaling pathways and enhanced adaptive responses in rice seedlings, ultimately increasing growth potential and stress resistance. This study presents a promising nano-bio-stimulant of CDs for crop resilience in the context of increasing climate change and contributes to sustainable agriculture.
Pregnancy Reduces Il33+ Hybrid Progenitor Accumulation in the Aged Mammary Gland
Authors: Olander Andrew , Ramirez Cynthia M , Acosta Veronica Haro , Medina Paloma , Kaushik Sara , Jonsson Vanessa D , Sikandar Shaheen S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAging increases breast cancer risk while an early first pregnancy reduces a woman’s life-long risk. Several studies have explored the effect of either aging or pregnancy on mammary epithelial cells (MECs), but the combined effect of both remains unclear. Here, we interrogate the functional and transcriptomic changes at single cell resolution in the mammary gland of aged nulliparous and parous mice to discover that pregnancy normalizes age-related imbalances in lineage composition, while also inducing a differentiated cell state. Importantly, we uncover a minority population ofIl33-expressing hybrid MECs with high cellular potency that accumulate in aged nulliparous mice but is significantly reduced in aged parous mice. Functionally, IL33 treatment of basal, but not luminal, epithelial cells from young mice phenocopies aged nulliparous MECs and promotes formation of organoids withTrp53knockdown. Collectively, our study demonstrates that pregnancy blocks the age-associated loss of lineage integrity in the basal layer through a decrease inIl33+hybrid MECs, potentially contributing to pregnancy-induced breast cancer protection.
Transmission of Mixed Convergent Signals at the Mouse Retinogeniculate Synapse
Authors: Sonoda Takuma , Jiang Qiufen , Ledesma Héctor Acarón , Wei Wei , Chen Chinfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are two broad modes of information transfer in the brain: the labeled line model, where neurons relay inputs they receive, and the mixed tuning model, where neurons transform and integrate different inputs. In the visual pathway, information transfer between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) neurons is primarily viewed as a labeled line. However, recent work in mice has demonstrated that different RGC types, encoding distinct visual features, can converge onto a dLGN neuron, raising the fundamental question of whether the dLGN transforms visual information. Using optogenetics we activated distinct RGC populations and assessed spiking output of dLGN neurons byin vivorecordings. We found that visual response properties of dLGN neurons driven by a specific RGC population largely matched properties of the activated RGCs. Furthermore,in vitrodual-opsin experiments demonstrate that strong functional convergence from distinct RGC types rarely occurs. Thus, retinogeniculate information transfer in mice largely adheres to a labeled line model.