bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DAS COMPETÊNCIAS DOS PROFESSORES DE ENFERMAGEM PARA FACILITAR A APRENDIZAGEM DE ADULTOS
Authors: Draganov Patricia Bover , Sanna Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2015

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho que o enfermeiro docente de enfermagem atribui a si, na competência de facilitador da aprendizagem de adultos. Tratou-se de estudo descritivo, comparativo, transversal e quantitativo, desenvolvido com 226 docentes enfermeiros da graduação em enfermagem paulistana. Os dados foram colhidos de junho de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, por meio de escala de Likert, lançados em planilha do Excel® e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e testes não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Friedman. Os professores se consideraram distantes do nível máximo das competências que almejavam alcançar, declararam maior domínio para o design e aplicação experiências de aprendizagem que da estrutura conceitual e teórica da aprendizagem de adultos. Os docentes se consideraram aquém do ideal nas competências para facilitar a aprendizagem.
PROCESSANDO O CUIDADO “DO NÓS” NAS RELAÇÕES/INTERAÇÕES ESTABELECIDAS POR PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM E DE SAÚDE
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Lorenzini Erdmann Alacoque 
Published: September 2015

Este estudo objetivou compreender o cuidado “do nós” processado nas relações e interações humanas estabelecidas por profissionais de enfermagem e de saúde em um hospital universitário ao sul do Brasil. Apresentam-se uma categoria e quatro subcategorias que representam as estratégias, componente do modelo paradigmático, segundo a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, método do estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada com quatro grupos amostrais, totalizando 25 participantes, no período de março a julho de 2011, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Tais subcategorias constituem os resultados: Sendo o cuidado “do nós” relacional e processual; Processando o cuidado “do nós” no ambiente de trabalho; Relacionando o cuidado “do nós” ao cuidado coletivo; Significando a relação e interação de cuidado junto aos pacientes e familiares. As relações e interações estabelecidas entre os profissionais e esses junto aos pacientes e familiares processam o cuidado “do nós” de forma ampla e complexa.
The intra-annual streamflow distribution of Ukrainian rivers in different phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations
Authors: Gorbachova Liudmyla 
Published: September 2015

In this article, the analysis of homogeneity and stationarity of the mean monthly discharges of the rivers of Ukraine was carried out by means of hydro-genetic methods with the use of observation series on 305 water gauging stations from the very beginning of the observation till 2010 inclusive. An integral curve was used for the estimates of homogeneity of the observation series. Difference-integral curves were used for estimation of stationarity of the observation series and for the study of their long-term cyclical fluctuations. It turned out that most series of the mean monthly discharges were homogeneous. The observation series that have a full cycle of long-term cyclical fluctuations (dry and wet phases) are stationary, whereas other observation series are quasi-stationary. The intra-annual streamflow redistribution occurs depending on dry and wet phases of long-term cyclical fluctuations. It is shown that the terms, the duration of periods and seasons of intra-annual streamflow distribution should define cyclical fluctuations because the mean monthly discharges change in dry and wet phases. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out development of the schemes of the components of intra-annual streamflow distribution for the rivers of Ukraine because such schemes were defined on the short observation series in 50–80s of the 20th century without considering a long-term cyclical fluctuation streamflow.
Psychosocial functioning before and after surgical treatment for morbid obesity: reliability and validation of the Norwegian version of obesity-related problem scale
Authors: Aasprang Anny , Andersen John Roger , Våge Villy , Kolotkin Ronette L. , Natvig Gerd Karin 
Published: September 2015

Background.The aims of this study were to translate the Obesity-Related Problem scale (OP scale) into the Norwegian language and test its reliability, validity and responsiveness in a Norwegian sample.Method.The questionnaire (OP scale) was translated from the original language (Swedish) into Norwegian. Patients completed the questionnaire prior to and one year after sleeve gastrectomy. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’sα. Construct validity was tested by correlating the OP-scale with the SF-36 and the Cantril Ladder using the Pearson correlation coefficient. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the unidimensionality of the OP scale. Responsiveness was tested by assessing changes in the OP scale from baseline to one year post-surgery using the paired samplet-test. Floor and ceiling effect were calculated as percentages.Results.A total of 181 patients (123 women) accepted for bariatric surgery was included in the study. The mean age was 43.1 ± 12.5 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) before surgery was 45 ± 6.9. The mean value of the OP scale at baseline was 63.30 ± 24.43 (severe impairment) and 21.01 ± 20.98 at one year follow-up (mild impairment). Internal consistency was high at baseline (Cronbach’sα0.91). The floor effect was small at baseline and high at one year. The ceiling effect was small at baseline and at one year. Exploratory and conformatory factor analysis showed one factor with a high percent of explained variance. Correlations between OP scale at baseline, SF-36, Cantril Ladder and BMI were statistically significant and in the predicted direction to support validity of the Norwegian OP scale. After one year correlations between the change in OP scale and the change in SF-36 scores, Cantril Ladder and BMI were also statistically significant, except for the change in the Role Physical-scale. The OP scale showed greater responsiveness than either the SF-36 or Cantril Ladder.Conclusion.These results confirm that the Norwegian version of the OP scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring psychosocial functioning in patients with clinically severe obesity.
Fracture‐related wavefield polarization and seismic anisotropy across the Greendale Fault
Authors: Pischiutta M. , Savage M. K. , Holt R. A. , Salvini F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate seismic signatures of fracturing in a newly ruptured strike‐slip fault by determining the wavefield polarization in the New Zealand Canterbury Plains area and across the Greendale Fault, which was responsible for the 3 September 2010 Darfield Mw 7.1 earthquake. Previous studies suggested that fractured rocks in fault damage zones cause directional amplification and ground motion polarization in the fracture‐perpendicular direction as an effect of stiffness anisotropy, and cause velocity anisotropy with shear wave velocity larger in the fracture‐parallel component. An array of 14 stations was installed following the Darfield earthquake. We assess polarization both in the frequency and time domains through the individual‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio and covariance matrix analysis, respectively, and compare the results to previously reported anisotropy measurements from shear wave splitting. Stations installed in the Canterbury Plains have an amplification peak between 0.1 and 0.3 Hz for both earthquakes and ambient noise. We relate the amplification to the resonance of a considerable thickness (c. 1 km) of soft sediments lying over the metamorphic bedrock. Analysis of seismic events revealed the existence of another peak in amplification between 2 and 5 Hz at two on‐fault stations, which was not visible in the noise analysis. In contrast to the lower frequency peak, the ones between 2 and 5 Hz are more strongly anisotropic, attaining amplitudes up to a factor of 4 in the N52° direction. To interpret this effect we model the fracture pattern in the fault damage zone produced by the fault kinematics. We conclude that the horizontal polarization is orthogonal to extensional fractures, which predominate in the shallow layers (<2 km) with an expected strike of N139°. Fracture orientation is consistent with coseismic surface rupture observations, confirming the reliability of the model. S wave splitting is produced by velocity anisotropy in the entire rock volume crossed along the seismic path; thus, it is affected by deeper material than the amplification study. We explain the rotation of S wave fast component observed by Holt et al. (2013) near the fault in terms of the dominant synthetic cleavages at greater depths (>2 km), expected in N101° direction on the basis of the model. Thus, different fracture distribution at different depths may explain different results for amplification compared to anisotropy. We propose polarization amplification analysis as a complementary method to S wave splitting analysis. Polarization analysis is rapidly computed and robust, and it can be applied to either earthquakes or ambient noise recordings, giving useful information about the predominant fracture patterns at various depths.
Experiments of dike‐induced deformation: Insights on the long‐term evolution of divergent plate boundaries
Authors: Trippanera D. , Ruch J. , Acocella V. , Rivalta E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding of the effects of diking at the surface is limited, especially on the long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study the upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. We insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, the intrusion rises upward with constant thickness and in setups B and C, the intrusion thickens at a fixed depth, with final rectangular (setup B) or triangular (setup C) shape in section. Setup A creates a doming delimited by reverse faults, with secondary apical graben, without close correspondence in nature. In setups B and C, a depression flanked by two uplifted areas is bordered by inward dipping normal faults propagating downward and, for deeper intrusions in setup B, also by inner faults, reverse at the surface; this deformation is similar to what is observed in nature, suggesting a consistent physical behavior. Dikes in nature initially propagate developing a mode I fracture at the tip, subsequently thickened by magma intrusion, without any host rock translation in the propagation direction (as in setup A). The deformation pattern in setups B and C depends on the intrusion depth and thickness, consistently to what is observed along divergent plate boundaries. The early deformation in setups B and C is similar to that from a single rifting episode (i.e., Lakagigar, Iceland, and Dabbahu, Afar), whereas the late stages resemble the structure of mature rifts (i.e., Krafla, Iceland), confirming diking as a major process in shaping divergent plate boundaries.
First observations of Mercury's plasma mantle by MESSENGER
Authors: DiBraccio Gina A. , Slavin James A. , Raines Jim M. , Gershman Daniel J. , Tracy Patrick J. , Boardsen Scott A. , Zurbuchen Thomas H. , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , McNutt Ralph L. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe present the first observations of Mercury's plasma mantle, a primary region for solar wind entry into the planetary magnetosphere, located in the high‐latitude magnetotail. MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) observations from two orbits on 10 November 2012 have been analyzed. The main plasma mantle features are (1) a steady decrease in proton density as MESSENGER moved deeper into the magnetotail; (2) frequent flux transfer events throughout the magnetosheath and into the magnetotail, suggesting that these events are the primary source for solar wind plasma injection; (3) a diamagnetic depression, due to the presence of plasma, as pressure balance is maintained; and (4) a clear proton velocity dispersion, resulting from lower‐energy protons being transported deep into the magnetosphere as higher‐energy protons escape downtail. From these velocity dispersions we infer cross‐magnetosphere electric potentials of 23 kV and 29 kV, consistent with estimates determined from measurements of magnetopause reconnection rate and tail loading and unloading events.
Organic carbon remobilized from thawing permafrost is resequestered by reactive iron on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Salvadó Joan A. , Tesi Tommaso , Andersson August , Ingri Johan , Dudarev Oleg V. , Semiletov Igor P. , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGiven the potential for permafrost carbon (PF/C)‐climate feedbacks in the Siberian‐Arctic land‐ocean system, there is a need for understanding the fate of thawed‐out PF/C. Here we show that the sequestration of OC by reactive iron (OC‐Fe) ranges between 0.5 and 22% on the Eurasian Arctic Shelf, with higher values in the Kara Sea (KS) (18 ± 6%) and the Laptev Sea (LS) (14 ± 4%). The Δ14C/δ13C signatures of the OC‐Fe are substantially older and more terrestrial than the bulk sediment OC in the LS but younger and more dominated by marine plankton sources in the East Siberian Sea (ESS). Statistical source apportionment modeling reveal that reactive iron phases resequestered 15 ± 5% of thawing PF/C in the LS and 6.4 ± 5% in the ESS, derived from both coastal erosion of ice complex deposit and thawing topsoil. This Fe‐associated trap of PF/C constitutes a reduction of the degradation/outgassing and thus also an attenuation of the PF/C‐climate feedback.
Energetic ions in dipolarization events
Authors: Birn J. , Runov A. , Hesse M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate ion acceleration in dipolarization events in the magnetotail, using the electromagnetic fields of an MHD simulation of magnetotail reconnection and flow bursts as basis for test particle tracing. The simulation results are compared with “Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms” observations. We provide quantitative answers to the relative importance of source regions and source energies. Flux decreases at proton energies up to 10–20 keV are found to be due to sources of lobe or plasma sheet boundary layer particles that enter the near tail via reconnection. Flux increases result from both thermal and suprathermal ion sources. Comparable numbers of accelerated protons enter the acceleration region via cross‐tail drift from the dawn flanks of the near‐tail plasma sheet and via reconnection of field lines extending into the more distant tail. We also demonstrate the presence of earthward plasma flow and accelerated suprathermal ions ahead of a dipolarization front. The flow acceleration stems from a net Lorentz force, resulting from reduced pressure gradients within a pressure pile‐up region ahead of the front. Suprathermal precursor ions result from, typically multiple reflections at the front. Low‐energy ions also become accelerated due to inertial drift in the direction of the small precursor electric field.
Strong correlation between quasiperiodic echoes and plasma drift in the E region
Authors: Chen Gang , Jin Han , Huang Xueqin , Zhong Dingkun , Yan Chunxiao , Yang Guotao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSimultaneous observations of quasiperiodic (QP) echoes and plasma drift in the ionospheric E region were conducted in Fuke (19.5°N, 109.1°E), Hainan province, China, to investigate the QP striation tilts under varying plasma drift conditions. The E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs), observed using the Hainan VHF radar, and the drift velocities of the plasma blobs in the Es layer, recorded by the Hainan Digisonde operating in drift mode, are reported. The QP echoes and drift data recorded during the entire year of 2013 were analyzed and compared. A surprising consistency between the striation tilt of the QP echoes and the drift direction of the plasma blobs was discovered. A negative echo striation of the QP FAIs was recorded when the measured drift direction of the plasma blobs was southward, whereas a positive echo striation was observed during the northward drift. Furthermore, the echo trace was continuous, whereas the QP striation changed from negative to positive, and vice versa. Thus, it can be concluded that the morphology of the QP echoes may be controlled by the background wind fields in the E region. The northward/southward‐drifting striated FAIs in the observation region of a coherent scatter radar might induce the positive/negative QP echo striation in the range‐time‐intensity plots.
Broadband low‐frequency electromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Chaston C. C. , Bonnell J. W. , Kletzing C. A. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Wygant J. R. , Smith C. W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA prominent yet largely unrecognized feature of the inner magnetosphere associated with particle injections, and more generally geomagnetic storms, is the occurrence of broadband electromagnetic field fluctuations over spacecraft frame frequencies (fsc) extending from effectively zero to fsc ≳ 100  Hz. Using observations from the Van Allen Probes we show that these waves most commonly occur premidnight but are observed over a range of local times extending into the dayside magnetosphere. We find that the variation of magnetic spectral energy density with fsc obeys
over several decades with a spectral breakpoint at fb ≈ 1 Hz. The values for α are lognormally distributed with α = 1.9 ± 0.6 for fsc < fb and α = 2.9 ± 0.6 for fsc > fb. A is a function of geomagnetic activity with the largest values observed over intervals of decreasing Dst index during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. At these times these waves are nearly always present in the nightside inner magnetosphere and are commonly observed from L = 3 outward. The observed variation of the electric to magnetic field amplitude with fsc is well described by a dispersive Alfvén wave model under the assumption that fsc is primarily a consequence of the Doppler shift of plasma frame structures moving over the spacecraft. The robust anticorrelation between the time rate change of the Dst index and wave spectral energy density coupled with the ability of dispersive Alfvén waves to drive transverse ion acceleration suggests that these waves may boost ion energy density in the inner magnetosphere and intensify the ring current during storm times.
An objective method for the assessment of fluid injection‐induced seismicity and application to tectonically active regions in central California
Authors: Goebel T. H. W. , Hauksson E. , Aminzadeh F. , Ampuero J.‐P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChanges in seismicity rates, whether of tectonic or of induced origin, can readily be identified in regions where background rates are low but are difficult to detect in seismically active regions. We present a novel method to identify likely induced seismicity in tectonically active regions based on short‐range spatiotemporal correlations between changes in fluid injection and seismicity rates. The method searches through the entire parameter space of injection rate thresholds and determines the statistical significance of correlated changes in injection and seismicity rates. Applying our method to Kern County, central California, we find that most earthquakes within the region are tectonic; however, fluid injection contributes to seismicity in four different cases. Three of these are connected to earthquake sequences with events above M4. Each of these sequences followed an abrupt increase in monthly injection rates of at least 15,000 m3. The probability that the seismicity sequences and the abrupt changes in injection rates in Kern County coincide by chance is only 4%. The identified earthquake sequences display low Gutenberg‐Richter b values of ∼0.6–0.7 and at times systematic migration patterns characteristic for a diffusive process. Our results show that injection‐induced pressure perturbations can influence seismic activity at distances of 10 km or more. Triggering of earthquakes at these large distances may be facilitated by complex local geology and faults in tectonically active regions. Our study provides the first comprehensive, statistically robust assessment of likely injection‐induced seismicity within a large, tectonically active region.
Design and Evaluation of Bilayer Matrix Tablet of Metoprolol Tartrate and Lisinopril Maleate
Authors: Ijaz Hira , Qureshi Junaid , Danish Zeeshan , Zaman Muhammad , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed , Bashir Irfan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of study was to design bilayer matrix tablet of metoprolol tartrate and lisinopril maleate. The direct compression method was used for preparation of both layers. Precompression and postcompression parameters were evaluated. USP Type II dissolution apparatus was used for the in vitro drug release study using 0.1 N HCl for immediate release of lisinopril maleate layer for 2 h and phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 for 10 h for metoprolol tartrate sustained layer. In vitro data were fitted into various kinetic models. Precompression parameters showed good flow properties of powder blend. Postcompression parameters were within compendia range. L7 (2% SSG and 3% CC‐Na) was selected for formulation of immediate release layer that showed 91.6% drug release after 10 min, and for sustained release formulation, M4 (9% pectin, 9% acacia, and 20% Eudragit L100) showed 92.5% drug release for 10 h. Most formulations of sustained layer followed Higuchi drug release kinetics. Bilayer matrix tablet of metoprolol tartrate and lisinopril maleate can be formulated for the treatment of postmyocardial infarction.
Core–Shell Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Prepared for Selectively Removed Indole from Fuel Oil
Authors: Yang Wenming , Niu Dandan , Ni Xiaoni , Zhou Zhiping , Xu Wanzhen , Huang Weihong 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were synthesized for selective recognition and rapid enrichment of indole from a model fuel. The MMIPs were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and a surface molecular imprinting technique, using indole as the template molecule, Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetically susceptible components, methylacrylic acid as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker. The properties of the MMIPs were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption capacity of indole–molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was 50.25 mg g−1 at 303 K and reached adsorption equilibrium in a short time. Experimental data were modeled with a pseudo–second‐order, Langmuir isotherm model. The selective adsorption performance of MIPs was favorable.