bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic monitoring of deep‐water exploited banks of the precious Sardinia coralCorallium rubrum(L., 1758): useful data for a sustainable management
Authors: Cannas Rita , Sacco Flavio , Cau Alessandro , Cuccu Danila , Follesa Maria Cristina , Cau Angelo 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe precious coralCorallium rubrumis one of the most vulnerable resources in the Mediterranean Sea because of the high levels of human‐related and natural mortality rates. The aim of the present study was to document the diversity and connectivity patterns among SardinianCorallium rubrumpopulations focusing, in particular, on deep populations (>80 m depth) where the commercial exploitation is concentrated.Microsatellite markers revealed high levels of inbreeding, heterozygote deficits, and significant genetic differentiation between and within areas at different depths, with an associated ‘isolation by distance’ pattern.These results indicated that for precious coral populations in Sardinia the ‘deep reef refugia hypothesis’, that envisages the capacity for deep corals to act as seed banks for the shallower impaired (over‐harvested) populations, is not supported.The highest genetic diversity recorded in Sardinia for all areas and depths with respect to other Mediterranean areas indicates that the strict local management has been effective, since harvesting has not yet led to a substantial erosion of the genetic pool.Possible causes for the high levels of observed diversity in Sardinia are discussed in relation to hydrological conditions, its geographical position and its proximity to some putative glacial refugia.Thus, given the occurrence in Sardinia of highly diverse and differentiated deep‐water populations ofC. rubrumwhose genetic diversity are important for the long‐term resilience of the species, the results of the present study strongly support the close monitoring of harvesting, along with the maintenance or even strengthening of the current management and conservation measures (no‐take protected areas) already in place in the area.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UAV Path Planning in Mixed‐Obstacle Environment via Artificial Potential Field Method Improved by Additional Control Force
Authors: Luo Guan‐chen , Yu Jian‐qiao , Mei Yue‐song , Zhang Si‐yu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with a UAV path planning problem in the environment where both solid obstacles and soft obstacles exist. The artificial potential field approach is updated by introducing an additional control force and integrating it with the concept of receding horizon control for UAV trajectory optimization. The original problem is converted into a multi‐objective optimization problem by regarding the involved additional control term as the optimization variable. Seeing as the establishment of an additional control force of soft obstacles is dependent on the probability of certain specifications such as survivability, the additional control term accomplishes the description of the specified property index better than those that have been considered in the past, such as distance and control energy. The optimal solution to the path planning problem, in terms of the additional control force method, and the computational efficiency according to the receding horizon control, both contribute to the proposed algorithm. Meanwhile, the proposed method is able to protect the UAV from local minima of additional control force. The numerical examples verify the advantages of this approach.
Adenosine reagent‐free detection by co‐immobilization of adenosine deaminase and phenol red on an optical biostrip
Authors: Bartzoka Foteini , Venetsanou Katerina , Clonis Yannis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdenosine detection in human serum is important because this ribonucleoside has established clinical applications, modulating many physiological processes. Furthermore, a simple and cheap detection method is useful in adenosine production processes. Adenosine can be determined enzymatically using either S‐adenosyl‐homocysteine hydrolase and 3[H]‐adenosine, or adenosine kinase combined with GTP and luciferase, or an amperometric biosensor carrying adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and xanthine oxidase. We developed a simple and cheap method relying on a transparent biostrip bearing ADA and the indicator phenol red (PR), co‐immobilized to polyacrylamide, itself chemically adhered to a derivatized glass strip. The ADA‐catalyzed conversion of adenosine to inosine and ammonia leads to a local pH alteration, changing the absorbance maximum of PR (from 425 to 567 nm), which is measured optically. The biostrip shows an analytical range 0.05–1.5 mM adenosine and is reusable when stored at 4 °C. When the biostrip was tested with serum, spiked with adenosine (70 and 100 μM), and filtered for protein and adenosine phosphates depletion, it showed good adenosine recovery. In summary, we show the proof‐of‐concept that adenosine can be determined reagent‐free, at moderate sensitivity on an easy to construct, cheap, and reusable biostrip, based on commercially available molecular entities.
Systematic review of molecular mechanism of action of negative-pressure wound therapy
Authors: Glass G E , Murphy G F , Esmaeili A , Lai L-M , Nanchahal J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundNegative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes angiogenesis and granulation, in part by strain-induced production of growth factors and cytokines. As their expression profiles are being unravelled, it is pertinent to consider the mode of action of NPWT at the molecular level.MethodsMEDLINE (January 1997 to present), Embase (January 1997 to present), PubMed (no time limit), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched for articles that evaluated the influence of NPWT on growth factor expression quantitatively.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Tumour necrosis factor expression was reduced in acute and chronic wounds, whereas expression of interleukin (IL) 1β was reduced in acute wounds only. Systemic IL-10 and local IL-8 expression were increased by NPWT. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, transforming growth factor β and platelet-derived growth factor was increased, consistent with mechanoreceptor and chemoreceptor transduction in response to stress and hypoxia. Matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, -9 and -13 expression was reduced but there was no effect on their enzymatic inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.ConclusionCytokine and growth factor expression profiles under NPWT suggest that promotion of wound healing occurs by modulation of cytokines to an anti-inflammatory profile, and mechanoreceptor and chemoreceptor-mediated cell signalling, culminating in angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodelling and deposition of granulation tissue. This provides a molecular basis for understanding NPWT.
Determination of sunitinib and its active metabolite, N‐desethyl sunitinib in mouse plasma and tissues by UPLC‐MS/MS: assay development and application to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Zhong , Liu Mengping , Liao Min , Wang Xinfeng , Du Huajuan , Chen Jiefeng , Yao Meicun , Li Qing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA simple, sensitive and specific method using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) was developed to determine sunitinib and N‐desethyl sunitinib in mouse plasma and tissues. The analytes were separated by an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and buffer solution (water with 0.1% formic acid and 5 m m ammonium acetate; 40: 60, v/v) running at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min for 2 min. Quantification was performed using a mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring in positive electrospray ionization mode. The transition was monitored at m/z 399 → 283, m/z 371 → 283 and m/z 327 → 270 for sunitinib, N‐desethyl sunitinib and internal standard, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over concentration ranges of 2–500, 0.5–50 and 1–250 ng/mL for plasma, heart and other biosamples. The method was successfully applied to animal experiments. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that sunitinib was eliminated quickly in mice with a half‐life of 1.2 h; tissue distribution data showed more sunitinib and its metabolite in liver, spleen and lung, which provided reference for further study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling up from convictions to self‐reported offending
Authors: Theobald Delphine , Farrington David P. , Loeber Rolf , Pardini Dustin A. , Piquero Alex R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimThe main aims of this article are to estimate the number of offences that are committed for every one that leads to conviction, and to estimate the probability of an offender being convicted.MethodIn the Pittsburgh Youth Study, 506 boys were followed up from age 13 to age 24 years, in interviews and criminal records. Self‐reports and convictions for serious theft, moderate theft, serious violence and moderate violence were compared.ResultsOn average, 22 offences were self‐reported for every conviction. This scaling‐up factor increased with age and was the highest for moderate theft and the lowest for serious theft. The probability of a self‐reported offender being convicted was 54%. This percentage increased with the frequency and seriousness of offending and was always higher for African American boys than for Caucasian boys. These race differences probably reflected differences in exposure to risk factors.ConclusionsMore research is needed on scaling‐up factors, on frequent and serious offenders who are not convicted, on self‐reported non‐offenders who are convicted and on why African American boys are more likely than Caucasian boys to be convicted. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood predictors and age 48 outcomes of self‐reports and official records of offending
Authors: Dubow Eric F. , Huesmann L. Rowell , Boxer Paul , Smith Cathy 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe key question is: are self‐reports and official records equally valid indicators of criminal offending?AimsWe examine the correspondence between self‐reports and official records of offending, the similarity of childhood and adolescent individual and contextual predictors of both measures of offending, and the similarity of age 48 correlates of both measures of offending.MethodsMen (N = 436) from the Columbia County Longitudinal Study, a sample of all 3rd graders in Columbia County, New York, in 1959–60, participated. The youth, their peers and their parents were interviewed when the youth were age 8; the youth were later interviewed at ages 19, 30 and 48.ResultsWe found moderate to high correspondence between self‐reports of having been in trouble with the law and official arrest records. Lifetime self‐reports and official records of offending were generally predicted by the same childhood and adolescent variables, and were correlated with many of the same adult outcome measures. By age 48, life‐course non‐offenders defined by either self‐reports or official records had better outcomes than offenders.ConclusionsThe results validate the use of adolescent and adult self‐reports of offending, and the early identification of individuals at risk for adult criminal behaviour through childhood parent and peer reports and adolescent self and peer reports. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual differences in the concordance of self‐reports and official records
Authors: Forrest Walter , Edwards Benjamin , Vassallo Suzanne 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough self‐reported and official measures of criminal behaviour are highly correlated, the concordance between self‐reports and official records appears to vary across the population. Few studies, however, have considered the range of individual traits and characteristics that might influence the relative accuracy of self‐reports and official records.MethodUsing data collected from the Australian Temperament Project, we investigated the concordance between official records and self‐reports together with some of the factors that might influence it.ResultsThose with criminal records were 3.5 times more likely to report police contact than those with no criminal record. However, there were significant sources of individual‐level variation in their convergence, and notably honest respondents were less likely to report an interaction with police. Those at risk of crime and delinquency were less likely to consent to official records searches.ConclusionsMany individual characteristics that predisposed individuals towards a criminal career also affected their willingness to consent to official records searches and the concordance between criminal records and self‐reports. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the relationship between self‐reported offending and official criminal charges across early adulthood
Authors: Gilman Amanda B. , Hill Karl G. , Kim B. K. Elizabeth , Nevell Alyssa , Hawkins J. David , Farrington David P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere has been very little research examining criminal careers in adulthood using both self‐report data and official records.AimsThe aims of this paper are to use self‐reports and official criminal records to explore (1) the prevalences and frequencies of offending behaviour in adulthood; (2) continuity in offending behaviour across the life course; and (3) predictors of official court charges in adulthood.MethodData are drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal study of 808 participants followed from childhood into early adulthood. Data from ages 21 through 33 are used to examine criminal careers.ResultsPrevalences of offending behaviour decreased with age, whilst frequency amongst offenders remained stable or increased. There was significant continuity in offending from adolescence to adulthood in both self‐reports and official records, especially for violence. Violent offences were most likely to result in a court charge. Even after controlling for self‐reported frequency of offending, demographic variables (gender, ethnicity, and poverty) were significantly related to a court charge.ConclusionsSelf‐report and official records, both separately and together, provide valuable information for understanding criminal careers in adulthood, especially with regard to offending continuity across the life course and predicting the likelihood of a court charge. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the nature and mix of offences among serious adolescent offenders
Authors: Brame Robert , Mulvey Edward P. , Piquero Alex R. , Schubert Carol A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundMuch of the research on specialisation in offending tends to show that offending careers are marked by more versatile than specific criminal activity. One key limitation of this research has been that very few studies have used both official records and self‐reports to study the longitudinal mix of offences.AimsThis study uses longitudinal data to examine the mixture of offences during mid‐adolescence and into early adulthood, a key transitionary period of the life course, using both self‐reports and official records.MethodData from 1354 serious adolescent offenders are used to study the mixture of offences over a 7‐year period.ResultsThe results point strongly to the conclusion that generality is typical and specialisation is exceptional. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical coherence tomography imaging of the patent ductus arteriosus: First known uses in congenital heart disease
Authors: Hill James A. , Mahadevaiah Guruprasad , Jenkins Michael W. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundAngiography is used to assess ductal morphology and caliber during interventional closure of the ductus arteriosus. We are evaluating the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate ductal anatomy given the potential benefit of superior resolution and lower radiation.MethodsStandard angiograms were performed on two patients with patent ductus arteriosus prior to device occlusion. OCT was then used to obtain high‐resolution three‐dimensional vessel reconstructions. Devices were chosen based on angiographic measurements.ResultsOCT resulted in excellent three‐dimensional anatomic definition, with elliptical narrowest lumenal measurements of 2.2 × 3.1 mm and 1.6 × 2.3 mm, respectively, compared with angiographic measurements of 2.6 and 1.4 mm.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first reported use of OCT use in pediatric patients outside the coronaries, and in patients with congenital heart disease. We found OCT imaging of the PDA to be feasible, and only used a small amount of additional radiation and contrast. The three‐dimensional OCT reconstructions provided additional anatomic information that could potentially improve device selection, and in both cases may have led to choosing larger devices than what was chosen based on angiography. In addition, once the technique is perfected, little or no angiography or fluoroscopy will be required to perform imaging runs, and only a small injection of contrast appears to be sufficient for vessel imaging. However, there are certain limitations to OCT imaging that are unlikely to make it the method of choice specifically for imaging the patent ductus arteriosus, but we have shown its ability to provide high resolution imaging in a relatively simple fashion which may prove useful for other purposes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyanide‐free Enantioselective Synthesis of Nitriles: Synthetic Proof of a Biocatalytic Concept and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Metzner Richard , Okazaki Seiji , Asano Yasuhisa , Gröger Harald 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe first (“by definition”) cyanide‐free enantioselective synthetic approach towards chiral α‐ and β‐branched nitriles is reported. This process is based on a biocatalytic dehydration of racemic aldoximes by using an aldoxime dehydratase and proceeds with high conversion and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) with water as the only side‐product when starting from a racemic substrate with a high E/Z ratio. Thus, in combination with the facile generation of aldoximes through condensation of readily accessible aldehydes with hydroxylamine, this methodology offers an attractive and efficient path to chiral nitriles with excellent atom economy in aqueous solution. Furthermore, this study shows a surprising enzymatic dependency of the enantiopreference on the E or Z configuration of the aldoxime moiety. Notably, the whole stereochemical course of this enzymatic reaction has been rationalized by means of a computational study.
Breakage Probability of Stressed Granules Using a Degradation Model
Authors: Salman  , Aman Sergej , Tomas Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe proposed degradation model is verified by experiments to determine the breakage behavior of inhomogeneous granules. The stressing contact points are configured by repeated stressing. The model represents contact point configuration and distributed mechanical properties within a single granule by fitting Monte‐Carlo data. It is applied to fit the cumulative breakage probability with normal, random, and Weibull strength distributions. The drop weight test verifies the model by testing γ‐Al2O3 and Zeolite 4AK granules. A damage accumulation effect by repeated stressing is observed.
Iron Oxide/Polymer‐Based Nanocomposite Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption Applications
Authors: Blatt Oliver , Helmich Martin , Steuten Bastian , Hardt Sebastian , Bathen Dieter , Wiggers Hartmut 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe processing of iron oxide nanoparticles derived from spray flame synthesis for specific adsorption applications is described. After the as‐prepared particles proved the ability for H2S removal in pure gas treatment, two different nanoparticle‐based composite materials were prepared. While impregnation of activated carbon with the as‐prepared nanoparticles showed the expected increase in H2S adsorption capacities, a significant enhancement in desulfurization performance was observed for a novel iron oxide nanoparticle composite material. H2S adsorption was tested in fixed‐bed breakthrough curve measurements. The H2S removal efficiency of the novel material under ambient conditions indicates highly promising properties for potential use in industrial and air pollution control applications.
Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis at Single Gold Nanoparticles Attached to Carbon Nanoelectrodes
Authors: Yu Yun , Gao Yang , Hu Keke , Blanchard Pierre‐Yves , Noël Jean‐Marc , Nareshkumar Thangavel , Phani Kanala L. , Friedman Gary , Gogotsi Yury , Mirkin Michael V. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractElectrochemical experiments at individual metal nanoparticles (NPs) can provide new insights into their electrocatalytic behavior. In this Communication, we report the preparation of nanometer‐sized carbon electrodes and their use as substrates for the immobilization of single gold NPs (AuNPs). In addition to its very small size, the surface of a carbon nanoelectrode is catalytically inert, which makes it an excellent substrate for studying electrocatalytic reactions. The activity of single AuNPs towards the hydrogen evolution reaction was investigated and compared to that of low‐atomicity gold clusters. Three approaches to attaching AuNPs to either chemically modified or bare carbon nanoelectrodes, and the effects of immobilization on hydrogen adsorption and catalytic behavior of AuNPs are discussed. The developed methodology should be useful for studying the effects of NP size, geometry, and surface attachment on the electrocatalytic activity.
Mesoporous Silica Particles as Topologically Crosslinking Fillers for Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels
Authors: Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Shimasaki Kotaro , Yamamoto Kosuke , Shintate Morio , Kamachi Yuichiro , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Suzuki Norihiro , Motokawa Ryuhei , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere it is demonstrated that mesoporous silicas (MPSs) can be used as effective “topological crosslinkers” for poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels to improve the mechanical property. Three‐dimensional bicontinuous mesporous silica is found to effectively reinforce the PNIPA hydrogels, as compared to nonporous silica and two‐dimensional hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica.
Benzene Solubility in Ionic Liquids: Working Toward an Understanding of Liquid Clathrate Formation
Authors: Pereira Jorge F. B. , Flores Luis A. , Wang Hui , Rogers Robin D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe solubility of benzene in 15 imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, and piperidinium ionic liquids has been determined; the resulting, benzene‐saturated ionic liquid solutions, also known as liquid clathrates, were examined with 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to try and understand the molecular interactions that control liquid clathrate formation. The results suggest that benzene interacts primarily with the cation of the ionic liquid, and that liquid clathrate formation (and benzene solubility) is controlled by the strength of the cation–anion interactions, that is, the stronger the cation–anion interaction, the lower the benzene solubility. Other factors that were determined to be important in the final amount of benzene in any given liquid clathrate phase included attractive interactions between the anion and benzene (when significant), and larger steric or free volume demands of the ions, both of which lead to greater benzene solubility.