bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South Asian Summer Monsoon under Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention
Authors: Tilmes Simone , Acharya Asutosh , Bednarz Ewa , Fadnavis Suvarna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The South Asian summer monsoon (SAM) bears significant importance for agriculture, water resources, economy, and environmental aspects of the region for more than 1.5 billion people. To minimize the adverse impacts of global warming, Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention (SAI) has been proposed to lower surface temperatures by reflecting a portion of solar radiation back into space. However, the effects of SAI on SAM are still very uncertain and demand more research. We investigate this using the Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble datasets. Our study reveals a reduction in the mean and extreme summer monsoon precipitation under SAI in this scenario, driven by a combination of the SAI-induced lower stratospheric warming and the associated weakening of the northern hemispheric subtropical jet, changes in the upper-tropospheric wave activities, geopotential height anomalies, and the strength of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone. Local dust changes that can otherwise be important for SAM rainfall variability under climate change also contribute to changes under SAI. As the interest in SAI research grows, our results demonstrate the urgent need to understand SAM variability under different SAI scenarios, which is essential for sustainable development and disaster preparedness in South Asia.
Salivary oxytocin concentrations in children and adolescents with and without OCD
Authors: Mora-Jensen Anna-Rosa Cecilie , Clemmensen Line Katrine Harder , Grønberg Manja Gersholm , Lebowitz Eli R. , Quintana Daniel S. , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Larsen Charlotte Sewerin , Bak Lasse Kristoffer , Christensen Gitte Lund , Pretzmann Linea , Uhre Valdemar , Christensen Sofie Heidenheim , Uhre Camilla , Korsbjerg Nicoline Løcke Jepsen , Thoustrup Christine Lykke , Hagstrøm Julie , Ritter Melanie , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Lønfeldt Nicole Nadine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Oxytocin has been implicated as a biological mechanism within obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Few studies only involving adults have investigated this hypothesis and found inconsistent results. We investigated whether salivary oxytocin concentrations differed between children and adolescents with and without OCD and qualified our comparative analysis by investigating the possible covariates age, pubertal stage, and sex.
Methods
Participants included 113 children and adolescents (8–17 years) with OCD and 88 children and adolescents without any previous or current psychiatric disorder and their parents (254 parents included). Salivary oxytocin concentrations were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using frequentist and Bayesian approaches.
Results
We found no evidence of a difference in mean salivary oxytocin concentrations between children and adolescents with and without OCD. Bayesian analyses indicated anecdotal to moderate support for the null hypothesis. We found an association between oxytocin and age and pubertal stage, which by visual inspection of plots and post-hoc tests indicated a nonlinear relationship. We found no association between oxytocin and sex.
Conclusion
Our findings do not suggest elevated oxytocin concentrations in pediatric OCD. Nonlinear changes in oxytocin across development show the importance of accounting for hormonal and behavioral changes during puberty.
Dose and local efficacy analysis of iodine-125 seed implantation therapy for lung tumors
Authors: Cao Guohui , Chang Xiaojing , Wang Zeyang , Liu Xiaoli , Xu Ke , Wang Juan , Zhang Hongtao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the dose and local efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation therapy for lung tumors.
Methods
The clinical data of 85 patients with lung tumors who underwent iodine-125 seed implantation therapy were retrospectively analyzed. The impact of prescription dose D90 (minimum peripheral dose received by the 90% target volume) on the local treatment effect six months after seed implantation was analyzed, and the critical value for predicting efficacy was determined. Factors affecting the local complete response (CR) rate six months after surgery were also analyzed.
Results
The local control rate six months after treatment was 89.41% (76/85), and the overall response rate (CR + PR) was 70.59% (60/85), with a CR rate of 31.76% (27/85). Patients with a postoperative D90 > 140 Gy had a significantly greater local CR rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative D90 and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for achieving CR six months after lung tumor seed implantation.
Conclusion
Iodine-125 seed implantation therapy is effective for lung tumors. Tumor size (P = 0.0003) and postoperative D90 (P = 0.0005) were found to be independent prognostic factors for achieving postoperative CR after lung tumor seed implantation.
Epidemiological characteristics of invasive Aspergillus isolates: morphology, drug susceptibility, and mutations in azole drug targets
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Hongxia , Zhan Minghua , Jing Ran , Wang Xinsheng , Zhang Zhihua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The global epidemiology of aspergillosis varies and is influenced by various factors. To elucidate the disease burden and identify effective control strategies, the epidemiological characteristics of Aspergillus infections have to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of various Aspergillus species, including their morphological features, species identification, and in vitro susceptibility to nine antifungal agents in a large tertiary hospital in northern China.
Methods
Ninety-five clinical isolates of Aspergillus were collected from patients. Aspergillus species identification was performed using conventional morphological methods, MALDI-TOF MS, and gene sequencing. In vitro susceptibility to nine antifungal agents was evaluated using the Sensititre YeastOne system. Target genes (cyp51A and cyp51b) of A. tubinazole were sequenced using the Sanger method.
Results
Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. flavus, A. tubingensis, and A. terreus were the most common isolated species. Rare species included A. tamarii, A. usamil, A. versicolor, A. udagawae, A. lentulus, A. sydowii, and A. quadrilineatus. Pulmonary infections accounted for 86.3% (82/95) of collected cases, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 22.1%. The median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of amphotericin B was 1.5–4 mg/L. The MIC range of triazoles against Aspergillus species, excluding A. udagawae and A. lentulus, was 0.12–0.5 mg/L. The median minimum effective concentration range of echinocandins was < 0.008–0.03 mg/L. Non-wild-type resistance to amphotericin B was observed in 29.6% (16/54) of A. fumigatus isolates, and non-wild-type resistance to voriconazole was observed in 11.1% (1/9) of A. tubingensis isolates. Moreover, cyp51A and cyp51b of A. tabinensis had 2–29 and 10–13 nucleotide mutations, respectively.
Conclusion
Patients with non-A. fumigatus infection accounted for 43.2%. The T256A amino acid substitution in cyp51A of A. tabinensis did not lead to increased azole drug MICs.
Assessment of Temporal Aggregation of Sentinel-2 Images on Seasonal Land Cover Mapping and Its Impact on Landscape Metrics
Authors: Nolasco Miguel Martín , Balzarini Mónica Graciela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Landscape metrics (LM) play a crucial role in fields such as urban planning, ecology, and environmental research, providing insights into the ecological and functional dynamics of ecosystems. However, in dynamic systems, generating thematic maps for LM analysis poses challenges due to the substantial data volume required and issues such as cloud cover interruptions. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of land cover maps produced by three temporal aggregation methods: median reflectance, maximum normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a two-date image stack using Sentinel-2 (S2), and then to analyse their implications for LM calculation. The Google Earth Engine platform facilitated data filtering, image selection, and aggregation while mitigating cloud cover effects. A random forest algorithm was employed to classify five land cover classes across ten sites, with classification accuracy assessed using global measurements and Kappa index. LM were then quantified. The analysis revealed that S2 data provided a high-quality, cloud-free dataset suitable for analysis, ensuring a minimum of 25 cloud-free pixels over the study period. The two-date and median methods exhibited superior land cover classification accuracy compared to the max NDVI method. In particular, the two-date method resulted in lower fragmentation-heterogeneity and complexity metrics in resulting maps compared to the median and max NDVI methods. Nevertheless, median method holds promise for integration into operational land cover mapping programs, particularly for larger study areas exceeding the width of S2 swath coverage. These results highlight the importance of appropriate temporal aggregation techniques when using satellite data for landscape analysis and monitoring.
Elucidating the relationship between coffee consumption and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Feng Minyan , Li Zhiguo , Li Weifan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between coffee consumption and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is inconsistent in previous clinical studies and is still in dispute. This study employs a Mendelian randomization approach to examine the causal relationship between coffee consumption and the prevention of OCD in a European population.
Methods
The summary statistics of coffee consumption (coffee intake, instant coffee intake, and filtered coffee intake) were obtained from the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit consortium, UK Biobank (UKB) data and OCD information was obtained from the FinnGen Consortium (1059 patients and 198110 controls). Sensitivity analysis under various model assumptions was carried out using multiple MR approaches to assess the impact of pleiotropy effects and outliers.
Results
Genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of OCD in the main analysis (OR 0.332, 95% CI 0.117,0.943, P = 0.038), especially with instant coffee intake (OR = 0.014, 95%CI: 0,0.426, P = 0.014), but not with filter coffee (OR = 1.037, 95%CI: 0.772,1.392, P = 0.810). There was no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy between the cohorts. The findings were strong and convincing as the results aligned with the previous study.
Conclusions
Our MR results based on genetic data revealed the potential protective effect of coffee intake and instant coffee intake on OCD, except for filtered coffee intake. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of coffee consumption habits in the diet in preventing OCD. Additional research with OCD sufferers and more reliable SNPs is required. It is also advised that our findings be verified.
Disparity in Access to Orthopedic Surgery between Public and Private Healthcare Insurance: a nationwide population-based study.
Authors: Lira María Jesús , Pino Paula , Vidal Catalina , Mery Pamela , Irarrazaval Sebastián , Cerda Jaime , Vergara Jorge 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of healthcare coverage in the access to orthopedic surgery in a country with a dual (private/public) healthcare system. We hypothesize that differential access would exist according to the type of healthcare coverage. This difference would accentuate when analyzing access to elective orthopedic surgery.
Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based design was used to investigate orthopedic surgery rates in Chile during 2016. The rates of orthopedic surgeries provided under the private and public healthcare systems were calculated per 1,000 beneficiaries, as based on data collected from the Hospital Discharge Registry provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health. ICD-10 diagnoses were classified as urgent or elective, categories into which the public/private surgery rates were also sorted.
Results: The overall rate of orthopedic surgery was 7.54 per 1000 inhabitants in 2018. Patients covered under private insurance had an orthopedic surgery rate 2.23 times higher than patients within the public system. This difference became more accentuated when sorting by elective surgeries, with private healthcare having a rate 2.97 times higher than public healthcare.
Conclusions: Access disparity to orthopedic surgical care existed between the private and public healthcare systems in Chile. Disparity in access became greater when separately analyzing the rates of elective and urgent orthopedic surgeries.
Level of evidence: III
Simulations of Genomic Selection Implementation Pathways in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Using RRBLUP and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Chiaravallotti Isabella , Hoyos-Villegas Valerio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, we conducted simulations of a common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) breeding program to better understand the interplay between different choices a breeder must make when launching a genomic selection (GS) pipeline. GS uses dense marker data to estimate breeding values of selection candidates in a crop breeding program. We complement preceding studies focused on optimizing model parameters and training set makeup by exploring the practical implementation of GS in a common bean breeding program aimed at increasing seed yield. We simulated 24 GS implementation pathways, focusing on (1) what generation to train a new prediction model, (2) what generation to select parents for the next cycle, (3) which generation to collect training data, and (4) whether to use linear regression or a nonparametric model for estimating breeding values (BVs). We found that early-generation parent selections (also called rapid-cycle genomic selection) generally resulted in higher gain over three breeding cycles compared to late-generation parent selections. When it comes to implementing a new parametric genomic prediction model, we found that training data should be as diverse as possible, while also matching testing data in terms of genetic makeup and allele frequency. Parametric models showed more consistent GEBV prediction accuracy, while nonparametric models fluctuated, showing both the highest and the lowest prediction accuracy across all pathways. While there is typically a trade-off between high gains and genetic variance, nonparametric models showed greater balance of allelic diversity and gains. This indicates a potential for their use, but more investigation will be required to stabilize their performance. Employing more robust training sets accumulated over time, or developing more tailored and informative model architectures may help to stabilize the performance of nonparametric models. We observed that the key to sustained gains over time is the renewal of genetic variance, which can be accomplished by making crosses within the existing breeding program germplasm.
Effect of phototherapy on blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature in early preterm infants with gestational age &lt; 32 weeks
Authors: Shin Taewoo , Choi Hyowon , Lee Eun Jung , Yoo Yeong Myong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Phototherapy is a widely used treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but the potential risks in early preterm infants are not well known. So it seems to be necessary to find out which parameters should be carefully observed during phototherapy. In this retrospective study, we analyzed mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and body temperature (BT) in preterm infants under 32 weeks of gestational age before and after phototherapy.
Methods
In this study, we analyzed the medical records of 93 early preterm infants with gestational age < 32 weeks and birth weight > 1,000 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, treated with and without phototherapy, at a tertiary center in Korea. Changes in MAP, HR, and BT were analyzed before and after treatment.
Results
A total of 82 patients taking phototherapy and 11 control subjects were enrolled. In the phototherapy (PT) group, phototherapy was started on the second day after birth and lasted for 71 hours. In between-group analysis, HR was higher in the PT group 24 − 3 2hours after starting phototherapy (at 24hour; Median of differences 9bpm, p = 0.001, at 32hour; Median of differences 10bpm, p = 0.001), while there was no significant difference in MAP. The rate of MAP increase was lowered and HR was increased after phototherapy, in the PT group analysis, while HR was decreased in the control group.
Conclusions
After starting phototherapy in preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestational age, the increasing trend in MAP was lowered and the HR was increased. When phototherapy was not performed, there was no change in MAP, and HR appeared to decrease.
A Case of Autoimmune Fanconi Syndrome Secondary to Ipex Syndrome
Authors: Ochoa-Jimenez Vanesa Amparo , Forrero-Delgadillo Jessica María , Vivas Isabella Montaño , Padilla-Guzmán Alejandro , Gómez Inés Elvira , Buenaventura Ana María Portilla , Restrepo Jaime Manuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: IPEX syndrome ir a rare monogenic autoimmune disorder resulting from mutations in the FOXP3 gene. This condition is typified by severe early-onset autoimmunity, typically presenting as a triad encompassing enteropathy, polyendocrinopathy, and eczema. Renal involvement is less common.
Case Description: One-year-old male exhibiting enteropathy, endocrinopathy, Fanconi syndrome-type proximal renal tubular acidosis, and recurrent infections. Given the suspicion of autoimmune multisystemic syndrome versus autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, exome sequencing was conducted, revealing a pathogenic mutation in the FOXP3 gene (c.227 del; p.Leu76GlnfsTer53) associated with IPEX syndrome. Additionally, a variant of uncertain significance in the MRTFA gene (c.446C>T; p.Ser149Leu) was identified.
Our patient manifested an early presentation of IPEX syndrome, displaying two cardinal features along with recurrent infections and renal involvement in the form of proximal tubular acidosis-type autoimmune Fanconi syndrome. This was characterized by metabolic acidosis with a normal serum anion gap, positive urinary anion gap, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, glucosuria and proteinuria, requiring electrolyte replacement and Shohl's solution.
Conclusion: Autoimmune Fanconi syndrome secondary to IPEX syndrome is a rare manifestation, with our identified mutation implicated in the presented phenotype. This case highlights the presentation of Fanconi syndrome to debut in IPEX syndrome, in addition to the classically triad proposed in the literature.
Mapping the Landscape: A Bibliometric Analysis of Music Therapy Applications in Surgery (2009–2023)
Authors: xu xiaoping , Yang Xiaoping , Qiu Qingqun , Zhong Zhenglan , Yi Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Music therapy, leveraging the profound influence of music on human emotions and physiology, has gained attention for its potential applications in medical settings, particularly in surgery. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of music therapy's application in surgery. Publications related to application of music therapy in surgery from 2009 to 2023 were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) databases. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Microsoft Excel, and online bibliometrics websites. This study included 479 publications, with a steady increase in annual publications since 2009, peaking in 2021. The USA had the highest number of publications (n = 152, 31.7%), followed by China (85, 17.7%) and Italy (48, 10%). Harvard University emerged as the top research institution, while the Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing was the primary publishing journal, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was the highest co-cited journal. Cao Hua had the highest number of studies, and Nilsson U (n = 131) was identified as the most co-cited author. Keyword analysis revealed anxiety, therapy, music therapy, and pain as primary research trends in recent years. This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive summary of the existing research landscape, highlighting progress, challenges, and opportunities in integrating music therapy into surgical practice.
The Impact of Antioxidant-Ciprofloxacin Combinations on the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Higazy Doaa , Ahmed Marwa , Ciofu Oana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in biofilms is a critical challenge driven by mechanisms such as increased oxidative stress, which could lead to enhanced mutagenesis. Experimental evolution studies have shown that biofilm growth fosters antimicrobial resistance and tolerance. The bactericidal antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) exacerbates oxidative stress, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mutagenesis at sub-inhibitory concentrations. This study tests the hypothesis that antioxidants (AOs) such as N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), and Edaravone (ED) could serve as anti-evolutionary drugs to prevent or reduce antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa biofilms exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (CIP), with Thiourea (THU) used as a control. In vitro experimental evolution studies using the monitor strain PAO1-mCherry-PCD-gfp + were conducted in flow cells and glass beads biofilm models. The harvested biofilm populations underwent population analysis and the flow-cell populations were also whole genome sequenced (WGS). The results showed that the CIP-AO combination of CIP-THU could reduce the fast increase of mutagenic resistance in both biofilm models. The confocal laser microscopy of flow cells biofilms showed a reduction in the percentage of nfxB mutants in biofilms treated with all the three CIP-AO combinations compared to the CIP treatment alone following 24h of treatment. The population analysis revealed a significant reduction of the subpopulations growing on 0.5 mg/L of CIP-supplemented plates in all the combined treatments of CIP-AO as compared to CIP populations. The WGS results showed CIP-specific mutants in the CIP-treated populations including nfxB and nalC mutations which were not observed in CIP-AO-treated ones. Flagellar gene mutations appeared in CIP-ED (fliG) and CIP-NAC (flhA) treatments. Additionally, wspA, which regulates biofilm formation, had a transversion mutation in CIP-ED and a deletion mutation in CIP-NAC. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) level for CIP-treated isolates was significantly higher than all isolates from CIP-AO treatments in both tested biofilm models of flow cells and glass beads. Overall, these findings suggest that the two clinical antioxidants may have a potential role in mitigating the development of antibiotic resistance in biofilms.