bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consideration of electronic warfare in the assessment and development of the operational capabilities of the armed forces
Authors: Najgebauer Andrzej 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of the Armed Forces (AF) operational capabilities requires the construction of a formal model. Elements of this model will be presented here. Including selected aspects of Electronic Warfare (EW) in an operational capability assessment model is an important and difficult task. The essence of the impact of radio‐electronic, like other forms of cyber warfare, on reconnaissance, command and communications systems is to hinder or prevent kinetic operations. The model should identify and prioritise the required capabilities by defining the key objectives: identification of the future security environment and within it the operational environment, identification of planning scenarios and requirements for future forces, including forces to execute EW, identification of specific tasks in relation to AF missions and tasks, Identification of the list of AF required capabilities in the AF capability catalogue. The idea of identifying required capabilities and identifying gaps is presented in this chapter. The key questions/problems posed in the analysis process are: Do the identified capabilities fit with the mission and operational concepts and threats? What are the indicators for achieving the desired operational capabilities? What might be the cost of providing the AF with the required capabilities? What is the key approach to address these issues? An operational capability approach to planning is used, including the identification of the AF' reference modules, including EW units. Dimensioning of operational capabilities using formal and simulation methods is an important problem. An optimisation model is presented for determining the structure of the AF, based on reference modules with desired capabilities, enabling the realisation of identified operational concepts, taking into account the following criteria: operational and cost. The analysis proposes custom simulation models, based on mathematical models of the AF. The simulation is based on a step‐by‐step analysis with an introduced scenario and possible enemy structure and defined mission. A way of modifying the assessment of the parties' potentials as a result of the EW impact is presented. This has implications for the allocation of reference units in the formation of own forces in response to the enemy's potential formation and action.
The Effect of Trientine on AlCl3-Induced Cognitive
Dysfunction and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats
Authors: Mousavi-Nasab Kian , Amani Mohammad , Mostafalou Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCognitive impairments affect millions of people worldwide with an increasing
prevalence. Research on their etiology and treatment is developing, nevertheless
significant gaps remain. Trientine (TETA), as a copper chelator, has been shown
to have beneficial effects in different human chronic diseases such as diabetic
cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. Here, we examined the impact of TETA on
AlCl3-induced neurocognitive dysfunctions and molecular changes
in the hippocampus of rats.Thirty-six male Wistar rats (weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into four
groups including control, TETA (100 mg/kg/day), AlCl3
(100 mg/kg/day), and AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day)+TETA (100 mg/kg/day), and
received chemicals by gavage for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, the open
field maze, elevated plus maze, novel object recognition memory test, and
shuttle box test were done. Then after, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF), glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β), acetylcholinesterase activity,
oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory mediators were measured in the
hippocampus.AlCl3 increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired recognition and
short-term memory. TETA was able to improve AlCl3-induced
anxiety-like behaviors and short-term memory dysfunction. In the
AlCl3-treated group, there was a significant increase in GSK-3β,
oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic markers, and decreased BDNF
in the hippocampus. Co-administration of TETA was able to decrease lipid
peroxidation, inflammation, GSK-3β, and acetylcholinesterase activity, and
increase BDNF in the hippocampus compared with AlCl3-treated
rats.It can be concluded that TETA was able to improve neurobehavioral and
neurocognitive functions by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and
pro-apoptotic pathways leading to the normalization of BDNF and GSK-3β.
No Radiographic Evidence of Medial Collateral Ligament Elongation in Valgus Osteoarthritic Knees Enables Treatment with Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Nedopil Alexander J. , Dhaliwal Anand Singh , Klasan Antonio , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen performing caliper-verified kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA) in the osteoarthritic (OA) knee with valgus deformity, an elongated medial collateral ligament (MCL) could result in a valgus setting of the tibial component. The present study analyzed KA TKA in patients with valgus deformities (i.e., tibiofemoral angle > 10 degrees of valgus) and determined (1) the occurrence of radiographic MCL elongation, (2) the incidence of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) release and the use of constrained components, and (3) whether the 1-year Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), and Likert satisfaction score were comparable to KA TKAs for OA deformities ≤10 degrees of valgus. One hundred and two consecutive patients who underwent KA TKA by a single surgeon were analyzed radiographically and clinically at a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Radiographic MCL elongation was identified by a greater than 1 degree of valgus orientation of the tibial component relative to the OA tibial joint line. Twenty-six patients had a radiographic anatomic tibiofemoral angle greater than 10 degrees of valgus (range of OA deformity: 11–23 degrees of valgus). Seventy-six had an OA deformity ≤10 degrees of valgus (10-degree valgus to –14-degree varus). No patient had MCL elongation or a ligament release, or required constrained components. The median FJS of 78, OKS of 42, and KOOS JR of 76, and the 85% satisfaction rate of the patients with greater than 10 degrees of OA valgus deformity were not significantly different from those with ≤10 degrees of OA valgus deformity (p ≥ 0.17). Because MCL elongation was not detected in OA deformities up to 23 degrees of valgus, the risk of under-correcting the valgus deformity leading to instability and poor outcome scores is low when performing KA TKA using primary components without releasing the LCL and/or PCL.
Level of Evidence: IV.
The Correlation of Reverse Redistribution Pattern with Coronary Angiography: A Conundrum Revisited
Authors: Uzun Hakan Gökalp , Ekinci Selim , Hazır Kutluhan Eren , Alpay Mücalp 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective The reverse redistribution (RR) pattern is a phenomenon whose etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications are not well understood. The studies examining this pattern date back to days when timely coronary interventions and anti-ischemic therapies were not widely used, so we aimed to reinvestigate any relationship between RR and coronary angiography (CA) findings in today's contemporary clinical settings.
Methods All patients with an RR pattern on the Tc99m-MIBI (technetium-99m sestamibi) scan between 2021 and 2023 were screened. Information on demographics, history of acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, comorbidities, and risk factors was collected. The CA findings were compared to RR regions. The physician's decision in the case of the RR pattern was grouped.
Results In a total of 67 patients (men 83%, aged 63.6 ± 10.5), the RR pattern was most commonly seen in the inferior-posterior wall (n = 41, 31.3%), followed by the apex (n = 19, 14.5%) and anterior (n = 12, 9.2%). Most patients with RR pattern had normal/nonobstructive coronary angiograms (61.1%, n = 22); significant stenoses in 1, 2, and 3 vessels were present in 19.4% (n = 7), 13.8% (n = 5), and 5.5% (n = 2) of patients, respectively. There was no correlation between the regions of the RR pattern and significant stenosis detected on CA (p = 0.6, p = 0.5, p = 0.6, respectively, for left anterior descending artery, circumflex artery, and right coronary artery).
Conclusion In this study, no evidence of a relationship between RR patterns and CA findings was found. The 60% of the patients with RR pattern had normal/nonobstructive coronaries, so the decision to proceed with CA should not be made based solely on this finding.
MHD flows through ferromagnetic rectangular ducts in liquid metal blankets
Authors: Zhang Xiujie , Zhao Yao , Sun Zhenchao , Wang Lei , Lv Xinting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In most designs of liquid metal blankets, the reduced activation ferritic martensitic steel with high relative magnetic permeability is proposed as the structural wall material, which will have an obvious influence on the magnetic field distribution inside the duct and consequently modify the liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow state. However, the MHD flow state considering the influence of the ferromagnetic wall is lack of systematic investigations especially under the relevant conditions of magnetic confinement fusion reactors. In this work, systematic investigations on the ferromagnetic MHD effect are conducted by experiments and numerical simulations considering the relevant condition of fusion reactors such as high magnetic fields up to 10 T and the actual magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic walls. It is found that magnetic field lines are mainly gathered through the side wall for ferromagnetic rectangular ducts, which will result in the overall magnetic shielding effect. As applied magnetic fields increase, the magnetic shielding effect weakens, increasing the aspect ratio and wall thickness of the duct is benefit to enhance the overall magnetic shielding effect. A slightly magnetic strengthening effect is firstly observed in our experimental and numerical investigations, which is characterized that the average magnetic flux intensity in the fluid region is slightly greater than applied magnetic fields and the pressure drop in ferromagnetic ducts is also higher than that in non-ferromagnetic ducts when the applied magnetic field is bigger than the threshold of transition. The dimensionless pressure gradient in ferromagnetic rectangular ducts usually increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of applied magnetic fields, the pressure drop estimated from the coefficient of the square of the average magnetic flux intensity in the fluid region is generally accurate with exceptions in some extreme conditions. These findings will provide a theoretical guidance for future liquid metal blanket designs.
Safety design considerations for conversion of civil aircraft to fire-fighting aircraft
Authors: Lv Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper combines fire-fighting aircraft accident cases, unique mission profiles, and operational scenarios/environments. It analyzes the aspects that need to be considered in the safety design of fire-fighting aircraft retrofitting, risks and coping strategies, proposes a design scheme and safety design requirements for a leakage detection and alarm system with a dual-channel redundant architecture, and carries out a safety assessment, verifying that the system architecture can satisfy the safety design requirements, and is of guiding significance for the design of firefighting modifications to civilian aircraft and the safety assessment.
Engineering evaluation of drag reduction on wing surface with riblets
Authors: Lin Xiaodan , Mao Handong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Compared with smooth surface, the surface with riblet structure can effectively reduce the turbulence wall-skin friction. An engineering evaluation of drag reduction on wing surface with riblets is conducted in this study. The results demonstrate that the drag reduction effect of the ribbed surface can be effectively modelled by specifying the wall shear stress in the boundary slip condition. The wall shear stress of the surface with specific riblet structure is 0.9417 times that of the smooth surface. The drag reduction rates of the ribbed surface for the civil aircraft increase with Reynolds number, which are 4.91% (Re=3.21×106), 4.93% (Re=5.68×106), and 4.95% (Re=6.13×106).
Structural design and optimization of small gantry CNC milling machine
Authors: Miao Liqin , Liao Chaoneng , Zhang Dashun , Liang Huaidan , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In order to effectively identify the potential weak links of the milling machine and significantly shorten the product development cycle, this paper firstly designs the three-dimensional model of a small gantry CNC milling machine through SOLIDWORKS software. Then, the static stress analysis of the crossbeam, column, and the overall structure of the milling machine is carried out through ABAQUS software, and an in-depth analysis of the simulation results is conducted, to obtain strength and stiffness to meet the requirements. The structure of the gantry milling machine, through modal analysis, provides solid theoretical support for finally obtaining a CNC milling machine structure that meets the design requirements.
Improvement and prediction technology of the water-side corrosion of zirconium alloy: the developmental tendency
Authors: Long Ziyao , Pang Hua , Gao Shixin , Yue Huifang , Lan Xun , Peng Danmin , Zhou Mingyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe cladding material serves as the primary safety barrier in nuclear power plants, and its performance significantly impacts the service life and safety reliability of fuel elements. Zirconium-based alloys (Zr), widely utilized as cladding materials in light water reactors (boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors), face numerous challenges in an environment characterized by increasing fuel consumption, with corrosion being the foremost concern. The corrosion of Zr alloys involves multiple influencing factors, including temperature, chemical environment of water, evolution process of second phases, destruction-regeneration cycle of oxidation films, stress accumulation, volume changes, defect formation, and irradiation effects. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the field of aqueous-side corrosion of Zr alloys while also discussing technical approaches to enhance their corrosion resistance properties and presenting current development status regarding predictive technologies for assessing corrosion behavior along with predicting future trends.
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity on collagen-based 3D printed scaffolds enriched with strontium-doped bioactive glasses and hydroxyapatite nanorods for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Borciani Giorgia , Montalbano Giorgia , Perut Francesca , Ciapetti Gabriela , Baldini Nicola , Vitale-Brovarone Chiara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to promote bone regeneration by means of the synergistic effect of biomaterials, cells, and other factors, as potential alternative to conventional treatments for bone fractures. To this aim, a composite material was developed, based on collagen type I, strontium-enriched mesoporous bioactive glasses, and hydroxyapatite nanorods as bioactive and biomimetic components. Nanostructured scaffolds were 3D printed and subsequently chemically crosslinked with genipin to improve mechanical properties and stability. The developed nanostructured system was maintained in culture until 3 weeks with a co-culture of human bone cells to provide an ex vivo model of bone microenvironment and examine the cellular crosstalk and signaling pathways through paracrine cell activities. Human osteoblasts (OBs), derived from trabecular bone, and human osteoclast precursors (OCs), isolated from buffy coat samples were involved, with OBs seeded on the scaffold and OC precursors seeded in a transwell device. When compared to the material without inorganic components, the bioactive and biomimetic scaffold positively influenced cell proliferation and cell metabolic activity, boosting alkaline phosphatase activity of OBs, and reducing OC differentiation. Thus, the bioactive and biomimetic system promoted an enhanced cellular response, highlighting its potential application in BTE.
Contradictory influences of urbanization on intense convective rainfall in a subtropical city
Authors: Zhuang Qi , Koukoula Marika , Liu Shuguang , Zhou Zhengzheng , Gao Lisha , Peleg Nadav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In light of the rapid growth in cities, there is a pressing need to explore how urbanization affects extreme weather, especially short-duration convective storms that can potentially trigger urban floods. Here we use a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting convection-permitting model to simulate 23 summer convective storms over the subtropical city of Shanghai, China. We simulated these events in three different scenarios: present urban, no-urban, and urban-expansion settings. Results show contradictory findings of urbanization’s influence on convective rainfall, which is associated with urban-surroundings hydrothermal differences and diurnal cycles. Urban expansion further intensifies daytime convective rainfall when inhomogeneous temperature and moisture conditions between the city and its surroundings are present, whereas other conditions may suppress rainfall intensity. The findings provide the potential mechanisms of rainfall modification by urban expansion in subtropical cities, offering useful insights for urban planning and flood management in Shanghai and other rapidly urbanizing cities.
Structure and properties analysis of yttrium doped high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Putra T Y S Panca , Salsabila Nadhifah , Sudaryanto  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
High voltage cathode spinel material of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was doped by yttrium (Y) element in the form of LiNi0.5Mn1.5−x
Y
x
O4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) for Li-ion batteries. Structure and properties analysis was conducted to study the effect of Y addition on the crystal structure and the electrochemical performances of LiNi0.5Mn1.5−x
Y
x
O4. The results show that undoped LiNi0.5-Mn1.5O4 (x = 0) fit to cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3m with some LixNi1-xO detected as impurities. The addition of Y with x = 0.05 and 0.1 resulted in the change of LiNi0.5Mn1.5−x
Y
x
O4 structure to space group P4
332. The Y addition was confirmed to enter 4b site co-existed with Mn and this result is closely related to the increase in lattice parameters a from 8.1384(1) Å to 8.1496(5) Å and 8.1627(1) for x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1, respectively. The cubic unit volume of LiNi0.5Mn1.5−x
Y
x
O4 also increased with increasing Y addition. The addition of Y is liable to the formation of more stable [Mn,Y]O6 and MnO6 octahedra and whole crystal structure. The result from charge/discharge analysis shows that the addition of Y resulted in decreasing discharge capacity from 123.56 mAh g−1 to 105.175 mAh g−1 and 104.369 for x = 0.05 and 0.1, respectively. However, capacity retention after the 25th cycle increased constantly from 77% to 88% and 92% with increasing Y addition. Doped Y, in general, improves the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5−x
Y
x
O4 as cathode material for LIBs.
System, Purposiveness, and Depth in the Critique of the Power of Judgment
Authors: Zinkin Melissa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Kant’s discussion of the principle of systematicity from the perspective of the Critique of the Power of Judgment. It answers the question: What makes the Critique of the Power of Judgment a critique? The chapter argues that Kant’s aim in providing a critique of the power of judgment is to demonstrate that there is a pure form of judgment that judges according to its own “inner” a priori principle. The chapter then argues that this principle is the same principle that Kant discusses in the Appendix to the first Critique: reason’s principle of systematicity. What Kant wants to show in the third Critique is therefore that good judgment is reflective judgment, that its principle is the same as reason’s principle of systematicity, and that it is deep.
Sensitivity models and bounds under sequential unmeasured confounding in longitudinal studies
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider sensitivity analysis for causal inference in a longitudinal study with time-varying treatments and covariates. It is of interest to assess the worst-case possible values of counterfactual outcome means and average treatment effects under sequential unmeasured confounding. We formulate several multi-period sensitivity models to relax the corresponding versions of the assumption of sequential non-confounding. The primary sensitivity model involves only counterfactual outcomes, whereas the joint and product sensitivity models involve both counterfactual covariates and outcomes. We establish and compare explicit representations for the sharp and conservative bounds at the population level through convex optimization, depending only on the observed data. These results provide for the first time a satisfactory generalization from the marginal sensitivity model in the cross-sectional setting.
Subcutaneous Infliximab Cutoff Points in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data From the ENEIDA Registry
Authors: Iborra Marisa , Caballol Berta , Garrido Alejandro , Huguet José María , Mesonero Francisco , Ponferrada Ángel , Arias García Lara , Boscá Watts Marta Maia , Fernández Prada Samuel J , Brunet Mas Eduard , Gutiérrez Casbas Ana , Cerrillo Elena , Ordás Ingrid , Ruiz Lucía , García de la Filia Irene , Escobar Ortiz Jaime , Sicilia Beatriz , Ricart Elena , Domènech Eugeni , Nos Pilar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Switching from intravenous infliximab (IV-IFX) to subcutaneous biosimilar infliximab (SC-IFX) has been shown to safely maintain clinical remission and increase drug levels in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes after switching from IV-IFX to SC-IFX, including the drug concentration thresholds for maintaining remission and other predictors for loss of response after the switch.

Methods
This multicenter observational study involved CD and UC patients who were in clinical remission for at least 24 weeks and were scheduled to switch from IV-IFX to SC-IFX.

Results
Two hundred and twenty patients were included (74 UC [34%] and 146 CD [66%]). IV-IFX was administered for 52.5 months (range 25-89). Before switch, 106 (49%) patients were receiving intensified IV-IFX. While SC-IFX levels significantly increased following the switch from IV-IFX to SC-IFX, clinical parameters, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin remained unchanged during follow-up. SC-IFX levels were significantly higher in patients receiving the standard IV-IFX dose than in those receiving the intensified dose. Immunomodulatory therapy at baseline and perianal disease had no effect on IFX trough levels, whereas higher body mass index was associated with increased levels. The suggested optimal SC-IFX cutoff concentration for clinical and biochemical remissions based on receiver operating characteristic analysis was 12.2 μg/mL (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.62) at Week 12 and 13.2 μg/mL (AUC: 0.57) at Week 52. Drug persistence was 92% at Week 52, with a good safety profile.

Conclusions
Switching from IV-IFX to SC-IFX safely maintains long-term remission in patients with CD and UC. In maintenance, the optimal cutoff point associated with remission was 12-13 μg/mL.