bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'urbain s'étale !
Authors: Lussault Michel 
Published: March 2013

L’étalement aujourd’hui ne se fait plus simplement d’un centre vers une périphérie, mais entre tous types d’espaces, et l’urbanisation, qui renvoie à l’idée de concentration, crée aussi des vides qu’il ne faut plus simplement « remplir », mais aménager. Ce n’est qu’en renonçant aux divisions plein/ vide, ville/nature, urbain/rural, que cela deviendra possible.
La fin de l'État de barbarie ?
Authors: Filiu Jean-Pierre , Schaer Laure-Marie 
Published: March 2013

La révolution arabe est un mouvement historique, aboutissement contemporain de la nahda , la renaissance arabe. La Syrie est au cœur de ce bouleversement, et la révolution qui s’y déroule doit être comprise au regard de l’histoire, comme de la structure de l’État syrien, qui parvient encore à se maintenir au niveau international, bien qu’il ne soit plus en réalité qu’une fiction. C’est au peuple syrien qu’il faut s’intéresser, si l’on veut qu’il puisse conquérir sa liberté.
Vidéo-recherche, analyse réflexive et reconstruction des pratiques d'accueil dans une crèche italienne
Authors: Pegoraro Elena , Milani Paola 
Published: March 2013

La présente contribution porte sur les relations quotidiennes entre crèches et familles en analysant deux moments spécifiques : l’accueil le matin et les retrouvailles entre enfants et parents l’après-midi. L’étude, basée sur la méthodologie de la vidéo-recherche, propose comme premier objectif de faire émerger la « géographie » des frontières entre la crèche et les familles. Il s’agit d’aider les éducatrices à analyser le texte et le sous-texte des différents messages de positionnement qu’elles-mêmes et les parents s’envoient réciproquement, en passant d’un contexte à l’autre. Le second objectif poursuivi est de soutenir les éducatrices dans leur effort pour épauler efficacement les mères, les pères et les enfants lors de ce délicat passage quotidien de la maison à la crèche et vice versa.
Participation parentale au préscolaire : apprentissages et pratiques communautaires au Chili
Authors: Rupin Pablo 
Published: March 2013

S’inscrivant dans le courant de « l’apprentissage situé », le texte propose une analyse de la participation parentale en tant qu’espace d’apprentissage pour les adultes impliqués dans des structures d’éducation et d’accueil de la petite enfance. Une approche qualitative, s’appuyant pour l’essentiel sur la réalisation d’entretiens collectifs, a été choisie pour présenter l’exemple d’expériences chiliennes non conventionnelles. Il s’agit de lieux d’accueil qui font appel à la participation parentale en tant qu’élément structurel de leur fonctionnement, s’insérant en même temps dans le tissu communautaire local. Au-delà des diverses pratiques participatives observées, de leurs possibles conséquences et limitations, la présence d’un modèle d’action communautaire semble développer des processus d’apprentissage informel, notamment d’ordre politique.
Clinical Audit Improves Hypertension Control in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Esposito Pasquale , Di Benedetto Attilio , Tinelli Carmine , De Silvestri Annalisa , Rampino Teresa , Marcelli Daniele , Dal Canton Antonio 
Published: March 2013

Background In patients on hemodialysis (HD), hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In this study we tested the effectiveness of a clinical audit in improving blood pressure (BP) control in HD patients. Methods 177 adult, prevalent patients undergoing dialysis in NephroCare centers in Italy were audited. At the conclusion of the audit, individual strategies were developed in order to improve BP control. Patient data was collected and examined at months -1 (Pre), 0 (the date of the audit- Audit), and +1 and +6 after the audit (Post-1 and Post-6, respectively). We recorded BP, information on factors affecting BP, and anti-hypertensive drug regimen. The primary outcome of the study was to decrease prevalence of hypertension (BP≥140/90 mmHg). Secondary outcomes were a reduction in average BP in hypertensive patients and/or a decrease in drug delivery associated with lower or unchanged BP. Results 104 patients out of 177 (58.7%) were hypertensive at Audit. BP levels were directly related to comorbidity and male sex, and inversely related to dialysate sodium concentration. The announcement of the audit alone was associated with a decreased prevalence of hypertension (Pre 64.4% to Audit 58.7%); a further decrease followed the audit (Post-1 51.1%, Post-6 47.6%, p<0.05 vs. Audit). Systolic BP in hypertensive patients also decreased (mean decrease was -8.5 and -14.1; p = 0.007 and p<0.001 at Post-1 and Post-6). Number of drugs assumed was significantly lower at Post-1 and Post-6 vs. Audit (p = 0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions A clinical audit is an effective tool to improve BP control in HD patients.
Incidence and Prevalence of Cancer in Kidney Transplantation Waiting List Patients: An Italian Experience
Authors: Mosconi Giovanni , Centofanti Francesca , Capelli Irene , Ricci Andrea , Persici Elisa , Gandolfini Ilaria , Rubbiani Elisabetta , Buzio Carlo , Cappelli Gianni , Costa Alessandro Nanni , Stefoni Sergio 
Published: March 2013

Introduction Evaluation of kidney transplant candidates is based on strict exclusion of major pathologies, such as neoplastic disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate epidemiological and clinical impact of tumor disease in an Italian renal transplant waiting list and to propose a screening schedule for neoplastic detection. Materials and methods We retrospectively observed data of patients enrolled on the Emilia-Romagna kidney transplant waiting list between 1st August 2008 and 31st December 2010, evaluating the different causes of getting out from the list, the histologic type and incidence of cancer and the correlation between cancer onset and clinical features. The ratio of observed to expected cancer numbers (standardized incidence ratio, SIR), was estimated. Results We observed 2345 patients; 1297 got out from the waiting list; 57 of them (4,4%) got out because the onset of tumor. The overall incidence rate of cancer was 1354.8 (x 100000 person-year) (1045.9 person-year in patients awaiting for first transplant(FT), 1851.5 person-year in patients awaiting for second transplant(ST)). The overall prevalence of cancer was 2,43% (2.2% in FT, 3.4% in ST) with a SIR of 1.8; In our population the prevalence of cancers related to ESKD was 52.6% with a SIR of 15.8. Conclusion Kidney transplant waiting list patients present a higher incidence and prevalence of cancer compared to general population; it could be important to evaluate them for ESKD related malignancies because of their high incidence.
Critique of “Sew it Up! A Western Trauma Association Multi-Institutional Study of Enteric Injury Management in the Postinjury Open Abdomen”☆
Authors: Alomary Ismail , Tuma Mazin , Abdurraheim Nuri , Abdul Rahman Husham , Zarour Ahmed , Althani Hassan , Latifi Rifat 
Published: March 2013

Background: Use of damage control surgery techniques has reduced mortality in critically injured patients but at the cost of the open abdomen. With the option of delayed definitive management of enteric injuries, the question of intestinal repair/anastomosis or definitive stoma creation has been posed with no clear consensus. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes on the basis of management of enteric injuries in patients relegated to the postinjury open abdomen. Methods: Patients requiring an open abdomen after trauma from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2007 were reviewed. Type of bowel repair was categorized as immediate repair, immediate anastomosis, delayed anastomosis, stoma and a combination. Logistic regression was used to determine independent effect of risk factors on leak development. Results: During the 6-year study period, 204 patients suffered enteric injuries and were managed with an open abdomen. The majority was men (77%) sustaining blunt trauma (66%) with a mean age of 37.1 years ± 1.2 years and median Injury Severity Score of 27 (interquartile range = 20–41). Injury patterns included 81 (40%) small bowel, 37 (18%) colonic, and 86 (42%) combined injuries. Enteric injuries were managed with immediate repair (58), immediate anastomosis (15), delayed anastomosis (96), stoma (10), and a combination (22); three patients died before definitive repair. Sixty-one patients suffered intra-abdominal complications: 35 (17%) abscesses, 15 (7%) leaks, and 11 (5%) enterocutaneous fistulas. The majority of patients with leaks had a delayed anastomosis; one patient had a right colon repair. Leak rate increased as one progresses toward the left colon (small bowel anastomoses, 3% leak rate; right colon, 3%; transverse colon, 20%; left colon, 45%). There were no differences in emergency department physiology, injury severity, transfusions, crystalloids, or demographic characteristics between patients with and without leak. Leak cases had higher 12-hour heart rate (148 vs. 125, p = 0.02) and higher 12-hour base deficit (13.7 vs. 9.7, p = 0.04), suggesting persistent shock and consequent hypoperfusion were related to leak development. There was a significant trend toward higher incidence of leak with closure day (χ for trend, p = 0.01), with closure after day 5 having a four times higher likelihood of developing leak (3% vs. 12%, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Repair or anastomosis of intestinal injuries should be considered in all patients. However, leak rate increases with fascial closure beyond day 5 and with left-sided colonic anastomoses. Investigating the physiologic basis for intestinal vulnerability of the left colon and in the open abdomen is warranted.
Foucault, Experiência, Literatura
Authors: O’Leary Timothy , Ohara João Rodolfo Munhoz 
Published: March 2013

Em uma das várias entrevistas nas quais discute sua insatisfação com o horizonte filosófico de seus dias de estudante, dominado pelo marxismo, pela fenomenologia e pelo existencialismo, Foucault faz a seguinte afirmação: "para mim, a ruptura se deu primeiramente Waiting for Godot, de Beckett, uma performance de tirar o fôlego." Meu objetivo neste texto é estabelecer as bases para compreender como é possível que um trabalho de literatura tenha tal efeito - qual seja, forçar-nos a pensar de outra maneira. É realmente possível que trabalhos de literatura mudem as pessoas que os leem? Ou, para dar a essa questão um foco ligeiramente diferente, as pessoas são capazes de mudarem a si mesmas através de suas leituras literárias?
Frequency dependent rectifier memristor bridge used as a programmable synaptic membrane voltage generator
Authors: Pabst Oliver , Schmidt Torsten 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Reasoned by its dynamical behavior, the memristor enables a lot of new applications in analog circuit design. Since some realizations have been shown (e.g. 2007, Hewlett Packard), the development of applications with memristors becomes more and more interesting. Besides applications in neural networks and storage devices, analog memristive circuits also promise further applications. Therefore, this article proposes a frequency dependent rectifier memristor bridge for different purposes, for example, using as a programmable synaptic membrane voltage generator for Spike-Time-Dependent-Plasticity and describes the circuit theory. In this context it is shown that the Picard Iteration is one possibility to analytically solve the system of nonlinear state equations of memristor circuits. An intuitive picture of how a memristor works in a network in general is given as well and in this context some research on the dynamical behavior of a HP memristor should be done. After all it is suggested to use the memristor bridge as a neuron.
The Chemistry of Metal Thiophenolates
Authors: Marco H. Klingele Julia Klingele , Kersting Berthold 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present article reviews structures, properties, reactivity and applications of transition metal complexes supported by the parent thiophenolate ligand system and various derivatives thereof. This extensive outline of literature published in the last decade covers publications about di‐ and higher nuclear complexes that exhibit bridging thiophenolate functions. The structuring of this contribution is based on the type of ligand involved in the coordination, covering monodentate thiophenolate ligands as well as bi‐ and higher dentate derivatives being acyclic or macrocyclic. An emphasis is set on structures but reactions, reactivity and catalysis, redox chemistry, and other properties of the complexes in review are discussed where appropriate.
The Chemistry of Diene–Iron and Dienyl–Iron Complexes
Authors: Bauer Ingmar , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

(η
4
‐Diene)iron complexes and η
5
‐dienyliumiron complex salts represent intriguing structures with planar π‐donating C
4
or C
5
ligands attached to the central iron atom. In many cases, they are rather stable compounds due to an 18‐electron count at the iron center. Tricarbonyl(η
4
‐diene)iron complexes are formed from cyclic and acylic 1,3‐dienes and a tricarbonyliron source. Under certain conditions 1,4‐dienes can be employed with concomitant rearragement of the double bonds. The tricarbonyliron source can be a binary carbonyliron complex or a tricarbonyliron transfer reagent. (η
4
‐1‐Azabutadiene)tricarbonyliron complexes have been proven to transfer the tricarbonyliron unit efficiently to the diene system. 1‐Azabutadiene ligands can even be employed in catalytic amounts. Chiral 1‐azabutadiene ligands enable the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of planar chiral (η
4
‐diene)iron complexes. The tricarbonyliron fragment in (η
4
‐diene)iron complexes is shielding one side of the diene system. Thus, it can be utilized to control stereoselective reactions in its proximity. Moreover, due to their stability (η
4
‐diene)iron complexes can be employed as protected 1,3‐dienes. η
5
‐Dienyliumiron complexes are generated from (η
4
‐diene)iron complexes by two principal methods. Either by hydride abstraction at the α‐position of the diene ligand using triphenylcarbenium salts or by elimination of leaving groups adjacent to the diene system. η
5
‐Dienyliumiron complexes are versatile electrophiles which react with a large variety of nucleophiles leading to functionalized (η
4
‐diene)iron complexes. In most cases, nucleophilic attack at the terminus of the co‐ordinated dienylium system is preferred. Especially with C‐nucleophiles, the reaction is extremely useful for the construction of natural products or advanced synthetic precursors. Employment of substituted anilines as nucleophiles has paved the way to the total synthesis of a large number of biologically active carbazole alkaloids. After exploiting the activating, protecting or stereodirecting effect of the iron complex, the organic ligand is disengaged from the metal. A variety of mild demetalation procedures has been developed for this purpose.

In addition to the stoichiometric reactions, first examples of catalytic applications of (diene)iron complexes are dicussed in this chapter.
Recent Advances in the Insertion and Extrusion Reactions of Selenium and Tellurium in Organic Compounds
Authors: S. Guziec, Frank , James Guziec Lynn 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Insertion and extrusion reactions are common transformations in organoselenium and—tellurium chemistry. These processes are often synthetically useful, allowing for the preparation of molecules difficult or impossible to prepare using other methods. Insertion reactions involve the chemical insertion of an atom between two directly bonded atoms in a molecule, forming two new bonds. Extrusion reactions are generally the reverse of the insertion process, removing an atom and forming a bond between the atoms to which it was previously bonded. Twofold extrusion reactions involve loss of two atoms from a cyclic system affording a doubly bonded product. Eliminations of an atom from a bicyclic or cyclic system affording a diene, polyene or aromatic compound are also termed extrusion reactions. This chapter will primarily cover selenium and tellurium insertions into carbon‐metal and metal‐metal bonds, as well as some other non‐conventional insertion reactions. Insertion reactions involving directed metalation andinsertions into metallocenes are also described. Extrusion reactions affording carbon‐carbon bonds, carbon‐metal bonds, and other non‐metal to metal bonds, as well as twofold extrusions are also covered. The synthetic utility of these reactions is also described.
Establishment of Patient‐Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Lewis Michael T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPatient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models of human breast cancer are proving useful for preclinical evaluation of experimental therapeutics. However, until recently, generation of PDX models reflecting the full spectrum of human breast cancers has been an elusive goal. We recently developed a method for establishing serially transplantable, phenotypically stable, human breast cancer xenograft models in immunocompromised mice with comparatively high efficiency (overall ∼25%). These xenografts represent the major clinically defined subtypes of breast cancer [e.g. estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 positive (HER2+), and “triple negative” (TN) breast cancers]. This method, and methods being developed in other laboratories, may soon allow for conducting “animal clinical trials” once sufficient numbers of clinically relevant models are generated. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:21‐29 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Models for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Leiter Edward H. , Schile Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by a partial or total insufficiency of insulin. The premiere animal model of autoimmune T cell‐mediated T1D is the NOD mouse. A dominant negative mutation in the mouse insulin 2 gene (
Ins2
Akita
) produces a severe insulin deficiency syndrome without autoimmune involvement, as do a variety of transgenes overexpressed in beta cells. Pharmacologically induced T1D (without autoimmunity) elicited by alloxan or streptozotocin at high doses can generate hyperglycemia in almost any strain of mouse by direct toxicity. Multiple low doses of streptozotocin combine direct beta cell toxicity with local inflammation to elicit T1D in a male‐sex‐specific fashion. A summary of protocols relevant to the management of these different mouse models will be covered in this overview.
Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol.3:9‐19 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A New Centimeter‐Sized Ti‐Based Quaternary Bulk Metallic Glass with Good Mechanical Properties
Authors: Gong Pan , Yao Kefu , Wang Xin , Shao Yang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report a new Ti40Zr26Be28Fe6 bulk metallic glass designed by slightly decreasing Ti/Zr concentration ratio based on the newly developed Ti41Zr25Be28Fe6 bulk metallic glass. The Ti40Zr26Be28Fe6 glassy alloy exhibits high thermal stability and the width of the supercooled liquid region for this alloy is up to 100 K. By conventional copper mold suction casting method, Ti40Zr26Be28Fe6 fully glassy rod with a diameter of 10 mm can be successfully obtained. Ti40Zr26Be28Fe6 glassy alloy also possesses excellent mechanical properties such as a high specific strength of 4.03 × 105 Nm kg−1 and an obvious compressive plastic strain of 7.4%, which make it possible to be used as novel aerospace materials.
Thermophoresis and mass transfer effects on flow of micropolar fluid past a continuously moving porous plate with variable viscosity and heat generation/absorption
Authors: Loganathan P. , Golden Stepha N. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThermophoresis particle deposition and mass transfer effects of a chemically reacting micropolar fluid past a continuously moving porous plate with heat generation/absorption and variable viscosity is investigated numerically. The fluid viscosity is considered to vary linearly with temperature. The radiative heat flux, heat generation/absorption, and the viscous dissipation are taken into account in the energy equation. The partial differential equations governing the flow have been transformed into system of nonlinear ordinary differential equation using similarity transformation and are solved numerically by fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method with shooting technique. Effect of thermophoresis and suction/injection parameters on the velocity, micro‐rotation, temperature, and concentration of the micropolar fluid is discussed and presented graphically. Effect of increasing chemical reaction parameter as well as Schmidt number on the concentration profiles are shown graphically. The result shows that the effect of chemical reaction parameter influences highly the concentration of the fluid within the boundary layer. Temperature of the fluid was also found increased due to increase in heat generation/absorption parameter. The rate of heat transfer from the wall for different values of Prantal number is plotted. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical nonlinearity and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene‐containing ionic liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Zhao Fuli , Wang Changshun , Zeng Yi , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe nonlinear optical properties of an azobenzene‐containing ionic liquid crystalline polymer were investigated using single‐beam Z‐scan and optical Kerr effect (OKE). The polymer film exhibited large nonlinear absorption (∼10−6 cm W−1) and nonlinear refraction (∼10−11 cm2 W−1) under 532 nm ps excitation. The femtosecond time‐resolved OKE results suggested that the nonlinear optical response time in off‐resonant region was as fast as 300 fs. Moreover, stable molecular reorientation and a large photoinduced birefringence (
$ \sim\!10^{ - 1} $) were achieved in the polymer film with a 405 nm continous wave (CW) laser as pump light. The large optical nonlinearity, ultrafast response, and effective photoinduced molecular reorientation of the polymer films indicated their potential applications in nonlinear photonic devices and optical storage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polylactide/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: Thermal, mechanical properties, and foam processing
Authors: Wu Wei , Cao Xianwu , Zhang Yijun , He Guangjian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolylactide (PLA)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites with different HNT contents were prepared by melt compounding. The morphology, crystallization behavior, as well as thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that HNT were well dispersed in PLA matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis data revealed that the thermal stability of PLA was decreased with the increasing of HNT content. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the presence of HNT could promote cold crystallization and lead to different crystalline phase formation. The flexural and tensile modulus of PLA/HNT nanocomposites improved significantly with the incorporation of HNT. Compared with neat PLA foam, PLA/HNT nanocomposite foams showed much higher cell density and smaller cell size due to HNT serving as the heterogeneous nucleating agents. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013