bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UHPLC/PDA–ESI/MS Analysis of the Main Berry and Leaf Flavonol Glycosides from Different Carpathian Hippophaë rhamnoides L. Varieties
Authors: Pop Raluca Maria , Socaciu Carmen , Pintea Adela , Buzoianu Anca Dana , Sanders Mark Gerardus , Gruppen Harry , Vincken Jean‐Paul 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionSea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) is known to be rich in many bioactive compounds (such as vitamins, phenolics, carotenoids) important for human health and nutrition. Among the phenolics, berries and leaves contain a wide range of flavonols that are good quality and authenticity biomarkers.ObjectiveTo compare the composition of the main flavonols of Romanian sea buckthorn berry and leaf varieties and to identify the specific biomarkers that contribute to sample differentiation among varieties.Material and methodsSix varieties of cultivated sea buckthorn (ssp. Carpatica) berries and leaves were analysed by UHPLC/PDA–ESI/MS.ResultsBerries and leaves contained mainly isorhamnetin (I) glycosides in different ratios. Whereas I‐3‐neohesperidoside, I‐3‐glucoside, I‐3‐rhamnosylglucoside, I‐3‐sophoroside‐7‐rhamnoside and free isorhamnetin were predominant for berries (out of 17 compounds identified), I‐3‐rhamnosylglucoside, I‐3‐neohesperidoside, I‐3‐glucoside, quercetin‐3‐pentoside, kaempferol‐3‐rutinoside, and quercetin‐3‐glucoside were predominant in leaves (out of 19 compounds identified). Berries contained, on average, 917 mg/100 g DW flavonol glycosides. Leaves had higher content of flavonol glycosides than berries, on average 1118 mg/100 g DW. The variation of the quantitative dataset analysed using principal component analysis accounted for 91% of the total variance in the case of berries and 73% in case of leaves, demonstrating a good discrimination among samples.ConclusionBased on quantitative analysis, by principal component analysis, the flavonol derivatives can be considered as biomarkers to discriminate among varieties and to recognise specifically the berry versus leaf composition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of an assumption‐free Bayesian approach with Optimal Sampling Schedule to a maximum a posteriori Approach for Personalizing Cyclophosphamide Dosing
Authors: Laínez José M. , Orcun Seza , Pekny Joseph F. , Reklaitis Gintaras V. , Suvannasankha Attaya , Fausel Christopher , Anaissie Elias J. , Blau Gary E. 
Published: August 2013

Study ObjectiveVariable metabolism, dose‐dependent efficacy, and a narrow therapeutic target of cyclophosphamide (CY) suggest that dosing based on individual pharmacokinetics (PK) will improve efficacy and minimize toxicity. Real‐time individualized CY dose adjustment was previously explored using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach based on a five serum–PK sampling in patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing stem cell transplantation. The MAP approach resulted in an improved toxicity profile without sacrificing efficacy. However, extensive PK sampling is costly and not generally applicable in the clinic. We hypothesize that the assumption‐free Bayesian approach (AFBA) can reduce sampling requirements, while improving the accuracy of results.DesignRetrospective analysis of previously published CY PK data from 20 patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. In that study, Bayesian estimation based on the MAP approach of individual PK parameters was accomplished to predict individualized day‐2 doses of CY. Based on these data, we used the AFBA to select the optimal sampling schedule and compare the projected probability of achieving the therapeutic end points.Measurements and Main ResultsBy optimizing the sampling schedule with the AFBA, an effective individualized PK characterization can be obtained with only two blood draws at 4 and 16 hours after administration on day 1. The second‐day doses selected with the AFBA were significantly different than the MAP approach and averaged 37% higher probability of attaining the therapeutic targets.ConclusionsThe AFBA, based on cutting‐edge statistical and mathematical tools, allows an accurate individualized dosing of CY, with simplified PK sampling. This highly accessible approach holds great promise for improving efficacy, reducing toxicities, and lowering treatment costs.
Modelling of Thin‐film Crystalline Silicon Parallel Multi‐junction Solar Cells
Authors: Edmiston S. A. , Sproul A. B. , Green M. A. , Wenham S. R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe parallel multi‐junction solar cell design has recently been proposed to reduce the costs of photovoltaics, while maintaining or improving device performance. This design uses alternating layers of n‐ and p‐type semiconductor to ensure that every point in the device is much less than one diffusion length from a collecting junction, producing relatively high currents. Device voltages can be maintained through heavier doping than would normally be used. This approach is particularly suited to very low‐quality material where the diffusion lengths are much shorter than the device thickess required for significant photogeneration. In particular, this design strategy is seen as a way to realize the potential of thin‐film polycrystalline silicon solar cells for large‐scale, cost‐effective energy generation. A brief description of the parallel multi‐junction solar cell is presented, along with some analysis where parallel multi‐junction solar cells differ from conventional cells. Results from an analytical one‐dimensional model and two‐dimensional numerical simulations are presented, highlighting some of the significant advantages of parallel multi‐junction solar cells.
Perspective on High‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se2‐based Thin‐film Solar Cells Fabricated by Simple, Scalable Processes
Authors: Tuttle J. R. , Contreras M. A. , Gabor A. M. , Ramanathan K. R. , Tennant A. L. , Albin D. S. , Keane J. , Noufi R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe have fabricated high‐efficiency Cu(In, Ga)Se2(CIGS)‐based photovoltaic (PV) devices by four different processes. Each process may be characterized as cither sequential or concurrent deposition of the metals with or without an activity of selenium. A world‐record, total‐area efficiency of 17.1% has been achieved by the concurrent delivery of the metals in the presence of selenium. Gallium has been introduced into the device in such a manner as to produce homogeneous, normal profiling and double‐profiling graded bandgap structures. This has resulted in an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) parameter of 680 mV and a fill factor of over 78%. A growth model has been developed allowing for simple translation of these processes to a manufacturing environment for the large‐scale production of modules.
Poly(ethylene glycol) as a biointeractive electron‐beam resist
Authors: Wang Yi , Firlar Emre , Dai Xiaoguang , Libera Matthew 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can serve as an electron‐beam (e‐beam) resist to modulate protein adsorption on and cell adhesion to surfaces. PEG preferentially crosslinks under e‐beam irradiation to create microgels with controllable properties. Here, atomic‐force, scanning electron, and confocal microscopies are used to study discrete microgels formed from solvent‐cast PEG thin films by focused e‐beams with energies between 2 and 30 keV and point doses between 10 and 1000 fC. Consistent with experimental findings, Monte Carlo simulation of electron energy deposition identifies three structures within each microgel: a highly crosslinked core near the point of electron incidence; a lightly crosslinked near corona surrounding the core; and a far corona at the PEG–Si interface. The nature and relative sizes of these three regions and, hence, the microgel–protein interactions depend on the incident electron energy and dose. The far corona creates protein‐repulsive surface hundreds of nanometers or more from the microgel core. The highly crosslinked core is largely shielded by the near corona. These findings can help guide the choice of irradiation conditions to most effectively modulate protein–surface interactions via PEG microgels patterned by e‐beam lithography. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2013,51, 1543–1554
A High Notch Pathway Activation Predicts Response to γ Secretase Inhibitors in Proneural Subtype of Glioma Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Saito Norihiko , Fu Jun , Zheng Siyuan , Yao Jun , Wang Shuzhen , Liu Diane D. , Yuan Ying , Sulman Erik P. , Lang Frederick F. , Colman Howard , Verhaak Roel G. , Yung W. K. Alfred , Koul Dimpy 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic analyses of brain tumors reveal subtypes that differ in pathway activity, progression, and response to therapy. However, a number of small molecule inhibitors under development vary in strength of subset and pathway-specificity, with molecularly targeted experimental agents tending toward stronger specificity. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays an important role in multiple cellular and developmental processes. We investigated the effects of Notch pathway inhibition in glioma tumor-initiating cell (GIC, hereafter GIC) populations using γ secretase inhibitors. Drug cytotoxicity testing of 16 GICs showed differential growth responses to the inhibitors, stratifying GICs into responders and nonresponders. Responder GICs had an enriched proneural gene signature in comparison to nonresponders. Also gene set enrichment analysis revealed 17 genes set representing active Notch signaling components NOTCH1, NOTCH3, HES1, MAML1, DLL-3, JAG2, and so on, enriched in responder group. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas expression dataset identified a group (43.9%) of tumors with proneural signature showing high Notch pathway activation suggesting γ secretase inhibitors might be of potential value to treat that particular group of proneural glioblastoma (GBM). Inhibition of Notch pathway by γ secretase inhibitor treatment attenuated proliferation and self-renewal of responder GICs and induces both neuronal and astrocytic differentiation. In vivo evaluation demonstrated prolongation of median survival in an intracranial mouse model. Our results suggest that proneural GBM characterized by high Notch pathway activation may exhibit greater sensitivity to γ secretase inhibitor treatment, holding a promise to improve the efficiency of current glioma therapy. Stem Cells 2014;32:301–312
Fault weakening across the frictional‐viscous transition zone, Karakoram Fault Zone, NW Himalaya
Authors: Wallis David , Phillips Richard J. , Lloyd Geoffrey E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExhumed fault rocks formed in the frictional‐viscous transition zone (FVTZ) provide test material that can be used to assess the strength of natural fault zones. In the Karakoram Fault Zone (KFZ), such rocks contain evidence of several long‐term weakening mechanisms associated with reduced coefficients of friction (<0.4). The Nubra, Tangtse, and Arganglas strands of the KFZ are focused along metavolcano‐sedimentary formations indicating weakness relative to the bounding granitoids. Synkinematic retrogression suggests that reaction softening has weakened the margins of granitoids along the Nubra and Tangtse strands and the Nubra Formation within the Nubra strand. The resultant phyllosilicates have formed well‐developed interconnected weak layers within phyllonites and granitic mylonites. Micaceous foliae with increased proportions of opaque minerals in granitic mylonites suggest that fluid‐assisted diffusive mass transfer aided deformation within the Nubra and Tangtse strands. Microstructures within Nubra strand phyllonites suggest that frictional‐viscous flow accommodated deformation at low shear stresses in the FVTZ. Multiple generations of veining within each strand indicate overpressured pore fluids within the fault zone across a range of depths. Active springs and travertines along the fault indicate ongoing suprahydrostatic fluid flow within the KFZ. Despite such evidence for weakening mechanisms, the KFZ is currently locked and most likely generates moment magnitude 7.5+ earthquakes. Evidence for multiple fault weakening mechanisms reduces potential for shear heating within the KFZ and suggests that the long‐term strength of the lithosphere must reside below the depth of penetration of the fault.
Crop coefficients of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) using water balance approach
Authors: Garg Kaushal K. , Wani Suhas P. , Rao A.V.R. Kesava 
Published: August 2013

Jatropha and Pongamia are a potential source of biodiesel and grow in a wide range of agroclimatic zones and soil conditions. Data and knowledge available on water requirement of Jatropha and Pongamia are very scarce. Crop coefficients are important parameters used for assessing water requirement and irrigation scheduling. In the present study, crop coefficients of Jatropha and Pongamia were estimated using water balance approach. Temporal data on soil moisture at different depths in block plantations of Jatropha and Pongamia at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) farm, Patancheru in India, were collected at 15 days interval between 2007 and 2010. Measured soil moisture data were analyzed using one‐dimensional water balance model. Results showed that annual water requirement of Jatropha is 750 mm and of Pongamia is about 950 mm in semi‐arid tropics. Crop coefficients of Jatropha ranged from 0.10 to 0.95 and of Pongamia from 0.30 to 1.10 depending on plant growth stage in different months. ICRISAT received 820 mm of rainfall in a normal year (data between 2001 and 2010) during the monsoon, of which 52% (430 mm) contributed to evapotranspiration (ET), 34% (280 mm) was stored in soil, and 14% (110 mm) was lost through surface runoff. Stored soil moisture during monsoon season was subsequently utilized by the Jatropha and 270 mm converted into ET during nonmonsoonal period. Pongamia utilized stored soil moisture more effectively than Jatropha as it could remove water from deeper soil layers even at high levels of soil moisture suction.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Learning under nonstationarity: covariate shift and class‐balance change
Authors: Sugiyama Masashi , Yamada Makoto , du Plessis Marthinus Christoffel 
Published: August 2013

One of the fundamental assumptions behind many supervised machine‐learning algorithms is that training and test data follow the same probability distribution. However, this important assumption is often violated in practice, for example, because of an unavoidable sample selection bias or nonstationarity of the environment. Owing to violation of the assumption, standard machine‐learning methods suffer a significant estimation bias. In this article, we consider two scenarios of such distribution change—thecovariate shiftwhere input distributions differ andclass‐balance changewhere class‐prior probabilities vary in classification—and review semi‐supervised adaptation techniques based onimportance weighting.WIREs Comput Stat2013, 5:465–477. doi: 10.1002/wics.1275This article is categorized under:Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and ClassificationStatistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern Recognition
Study on the Use of T‐tube for Patients with Persistent Duodenal Fistula: Is It Useful?
Authors: Gupta Vipin , Singh Shailendra Pal , Pandey Anand , Verma Rajesh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe commonest surgical treatment used for peptic ulcer perforation is omental patching. If, however, the perforation leaks, it rarely heals by itself due to persistence of duodenal fistula (DF). We present our experience with a T‐tube placed into the DF for better outcome of the patients.MethodsAll patients in our hospital with DF following failure of surgery for duodenal perforation were included in this study. After identification of the perforation, a size 16 French T‐tube was put in place. The patients were analyzed on basis of duration of hospital stay, complications related to the T‐tube and overall complications, start of oral feeds, and follow‐up.ResultsIn this 3‐year study, ten patients with DF were admitted. The mean age was 50 years. The T‐tube was kept in place within the fistula for 20.5 days. The mean duration to start oral feeds was 8.8 days. The mean duration of hospital stay was 23.2 days, and the mean follow‐up period was 6.3 months. The complications observed in the postoperative period were fever in four patients, wound dehiscence in four patients, and peritoneal collection in two patients, all of which were managed easily. There was no peritubal leakage and no failure of surgery as regards placement of a T‐tube. There were no deaths in this study.ConclusionsPlacement of a T‐tube into a DF appears to be very effective procedure for managing this complication of surgical repair of a perforated peptic ulcer with an omental patch. The technique appears to be simple and rewarding. Further use of this method by other workers will substantiate our efforts.
Context conditioning in virtual reality as a model for pathological anxiety
Authors: Glotzbach-Schoon E. , Andreatta M. , Mühlberger A. , Pauli P. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Phobic fear which is triggered by specif­ic stimuli can be modeled experimentally through cue conditioning. In contrast, con­text conditioning may serve as a model for anxiety which is longer lasting and unrelat­ed to cues. Such context conditioning can be studied in humans in analogy to animal stud­ies by using virtual reality (VR). Our VR con­text conditioning paradigm uses virtual offic­es as contexts. One office becomes the anxi­ety context since participants receive unpre­dictable mildly painful electric stimulations. The other office becomes the safety context because no aversive stimulation is delivered while participants explore this office. The va­lidity of the paradigm is indicated in the find­ings that after conditioning participants rate the virtual anxiety context as anxiety elicit­ing, avoid this context, and show startle po­tentiation in this context. Our studies fur­ther revealed that known risk factors for anx­iety disorders affect context conditioning. We found that enhanced trait anxiety facilitates contextual fear conditioning. In addition, we observed that individuals with genetic risks for anxiety disorders learn context condition­ing very effectively as shown in startle poten­tiation. These findings suggest that in individ­uals vulnerable to anxiety disorders such as panic disorder or posttraumatic stress disor­der, context conditioning may have contrib­uted to the development of these disorders.
Accommodative coping in early adolescence: An investigation of possible developmental components
Authors: Thomsen Tamara , Greve Werner 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDespite fruitful research on some aspects of adolescent coping, the development of specific coping mechanisms still remains a neglected topic. The present empirical study with 535 early adolescents (M = 12.60 years) and their parents examines possible developmental components of accommodative coping competences. Using latent path modelling, we investigated how specific components of four sets of variables (cognitive abilities, experiences in life, goal disengagement, and parental influences) contributed to accommodative coping capacities in the adolescents. Direct effects (e.g., specific cognitive abilities, parental influences) and indirect effects (e.g., positive experiences in life) on accommodative coping were identified for the components investigated. Future research should focus on the relevance of these components for the development of accommodative coping capacities.
Resurrecting the size effect: Evidence from a panel nonlinear cointegration model for the G7 stock markets
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Payne James E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFirm size is known to be an important factor affecting stock returns. This study proposes a panel threshold cointegration model to investigate the impact of the size effect on stock returns for the panel of G7 countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. over the period 1991:1–2012:12. The empirical analysis is based upon the nonlinear cointegration framework using the asymmetric ARDL cointegration methodology (Shin et al., 2011). This methodological approach permits a much richer degree of flexibility in the dynamic adjustment process toward equilibrium, than in the classical linear model. Our findings indicate the presence of asymmetric adjustment around a unique long‐run equilibrium. In particular, the empirical analysis provides evidence of asymmetric effects between stock returns and the size effect, while controlling for the book‐to‐market ratio and the price‐to‐earnings ratio.
The abnormal psychology of investment performance
Authors: Patterson Fernando M. , Daigler Robert T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe examine a range of mental health characteristics (e.g. depression, paranoia, and schizophrenia) in subjects engaged in simulated investment trading, showing that certain abnormal personality characteristics have a statistically significant association with the degree of investment diversification, the return achieved, the degree of risk undertaken, and the resultant risk‐adjusted performance. These financially educated individuals are more paranoid and psychopathically deviant than the average person, with high scores on these characteristics associated with greater risk‐taking. Finally, male and female investors possess different mental health strengths and weaknesses in relation to their financial performance.
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: Psychometric Properties for the Brazilian Portuguese Version
Authors: Pires Pedro , Filgueiras Alberto , Ribas Rodolfo , Santana Cristina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study is about the validity and item analysis for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), respectively through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (principal components method) and the Partial Credit Model (PCM). The scale has been largely used in areas ranging from clinical to social psychology since its release in 1988 by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen. In order to assess validity and item properties (Item Response Theory paradigm), this is study administered PANAS to 354 respondents, 115 male and 239 female subjects, with an average age of 29.5 (SD = 10,18). The results show PANAS’s excellent psychometric properties, with consistent dimensions and reliable item functioning, considering the Rasch measurement paradigm expressed in the PCM as an Item Response Theory model for polytomous data. The study considers important cultural issues and the results support more cautious translations for scales as well as further studies concerned with cross-cultural differences on the perception of affect states.