bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMM‐H004 prevents toxicity induced by delayed treatment of tPA in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia involving PKA‐and PI3K‐dependent Akt activation
Authors: Zuo Wei , Chen Jiao , Zhang Shuai , Tang Jia , Liu Hang , Zhang Dongming , Chen Naihong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIschemic stroke is currently treated with thrombolytic therapy with a drawback to induce hemorrhagic transformation (HT) if applied beyond its relatively narrow treatment time window. The present study was designed to examine the role of IMM‐H004, a derivative of coumarin, in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)‐induced HT. Rats subjected to 6 h of thromboembolic occlusion or middle cerebral artery occlusion received tPA with or without IMM‐H004. Delayed tPA intervention drastically increased the risk of HT and exaggerated the ischemic injury. To assess the effect of IMM‐H004 on delayed treatment of tPA‐induced toxicity after ischemia and reperfusion, various approaches were used, including a behavior test, TTC‐staining, determination of cerebral hemorrhage, laser speckle imaging, Western blot, gelatin zymogram, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Experiments were also conducted in vitro in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and PC12 cells to explore the mechanism for the role of IMM‐H004. Combination therapy of tPA and IMM‐H004 prevented the development of HT, and reduced the mortality rate, infarct volume and brain edema. IMM‐H004 also exerted a protective role by decreasing matrix metalloproteinases, the co‐localization of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 with astrocytes and increasing occludin. Experiments in HBMECs and PC12 revealed an elevation in ATP level and a protein kinase A‐ and PI3K‐dependent activation of Akt by IMM‐H004 after tPA administration. These results suggest IMM‐H004 as a promising adjuvant to alleviate the detrimental side effects of tPA in clinical therapy of ischemic stroke, and contribute to better understand the mechanism for the beneficial role of this novel remedy.
Dualisms in Higher Education: a Critique of Their Influence and Effect
Authors: Macfarlane Bruce 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDualisms pervade the language of higher education research providing an over‐simplified roadmap to the field. However, the lazy logic of their popular appeal supports the perpetuation of erroneous and often outdated assumptions about the nature of modern higher education. This paper explores nine commonly occurring dualisms: collegiality/managerialism, student‐centred/teacher‐centred, deep learning/surface learning, academics/non‐academics; research/teaching, old universities/new universities, liberal/vocational, public universities/private universities and higher education/further education. Illustrated by reference to a range of international contexts, it is argued that over‐reliance on dualisms among higher education scholars has adverse effects including narrowing the possibilities of research design and inhibiting intellectual advancement within the field.
Octopaminergic gene expression and flexible social behaviour in the subsocial burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Cunningham C. B. , Douthit M. K. , Moore A. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFlexible behaviour allows organisms to respond appropriately to changing environmental and social conditions. In the subsocial beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides, females tolerate conspecifics when mating, become aggressive when defending resources, and return to social tolerance when transitioning to parenting. Given the association between octopamine and aggression in insects, we hypothesized that genes in the octopaminergic system would be differentially expressed across different social and reproductive contexts. To test this in N. vespilloides, we first obtained the sequences of orthologues of the synthetic enzymes and receptors of the octopaminergic system. We next compared relative gene expression from virgin females, mated females, mated females alone on a resource required for reproduction and mated females on a resource with a male. Expression varied for five receptor genes. The expression of octopamine β receptor 1 and octopamine β receptor 2 was relatively higher in mated females than in other social conditions. Octopamine β receptor 3 was influenced by the presence or absence of a resource and less by social environment. Octopamine α receptor and octopamine/tyramine receptor 1 gene expression was relatively lower in the mated females with a resource and a male. We suggest that in N. vespilloides the octopaminergic system is associated with the expression of resource defence, alternative mating tactics, social tolerance and indirect parental care.
Absence of the adaptor protein Shb potentiates the T helper type 2 response in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gustafsson Karin , Willebrand Elsa , Welsh Michael 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAberrant regulation of T helper (Th) cell maturation is associated with a number of autoimmune conditions, including allergic disorders and rheumatoid arthritis. The Src homology domain protein B (Shb) adaptor protein was recently implicated as a regulator of Th cell differentiation. Shb is an integral component of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling complex and in the absence of Shb the TCR is less responsive to stimulation, resulting in the preferential development of Th2 responses under conditions of in vitro stimulation. In the present study, we extend those observations to an in vivo situation using a murine model of atopic dermatitis. Shb knockout mice develop more pronounced symptoms of atopic dermatitis with increased localized oedema, epidermal hyperplasia and IgE production. Dermal infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, CD4+ Th cells and F4/80+ macrophages was also significantly increased in Shb‐deficient mice. This correlated with elevated transcription of the hallmark Th2 cytokines interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐5. The loss of Shb therefore alters TCR signalling ability, thereby favouring the development of Th2‐driven inflammation and exacerbating symptoms of allergy.
Portopulmonary venous anastomosis in balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices
Authors: Kariya Shuji , Komemushi Atsushi , Nakatani Miyuki , Yoshida Rie , Kono Yumiko , Shiraishi Tomokuni , Tanigawa Noboru 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral reports have described portopulmonary venous anastomosis (PPVA). However, in balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), attention has not been paid to paradoxical embolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of a right–left shunt due to PPVA when the drainage vein is occluded by a balloon during BRTO.MethodsThe subjects were 19 patients who underwent BRTO. Whether PPVA was present was confirmed on balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous venography (BRTV). After BRTV, a retrograde bolus injection of 20 mL of carbon dioxide (CO2) via the balloon catheter was performed under balloon occlusion, and the flow of bubbles into both ventricles was observed with four‐chamber view echocardiography. During the same balloon occlusion, bolus injection of CO2 into the inferior vena cava was performed, followed by echocardiography.ResultsPPVA was confirmed on BRTV in four patients (21.1%). On echocardiography with retrograde CO2 injection, bubbles were confirmed in the left ventricle in six patients (31.6%). On echocardiography with CO2 injection into the inferior vena cava, bubbles were not confirmed in the left ventricle in any cases.ConclusionsWhen the draining vein was occluded with a balloon and blood flow in a gastrorenal or gastrocaval shunt was stopped during BRTO, PPVA was confirmed in 21.1% of cases on retrograde angiography, and a right–left shunt was confirmed in 31.6% of cases on echocardiography.
Risk factors associated with the mental health of fathers of children with an intellectual disability inAustralia
Authors: Giallo R. , Seymour M. , Matthews J. , Gavidia‐Payne S. , Hudson A. , Cameron C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRaising a child with a disability places considerable demands and stress on parents, which can contribute to mental health difficulties. Research has primarily focused on mothers' mental health, and our understanding of the effects on fathers remains limited. The factors that place fathers at increased risk of mental health difficulties are also poorly understood. This study aimed to redress these gaps by reporting on the mental health of a large sample of fathers of children with an intellectual disability (ID) (aged 3–15 years), comparing this to publishedAustralian norms and mothers of children withID. The second aim of the study was to explore risk factors associated with fathers' mental health.MethodThe data for this study come from 315 Australian fathers of children (aged 3–15 years) withID, who participated in the large‐scale evaluation of theSignposts for building better behaviour programme. Fathers completed a range of self‐report questionnaires at baseline including theDepressionAnxietyStressScale (DASS).ResultsFathers in the present sample reported significantly more symptoms of depression and stress than the Australian normative data, with approximately 6–8% reporting symptoms in the severe to extremely severe range. The strongest predictors of fathers' mental health difficulties were children's behaviour problems, daily stress arising from fathers' own needs and children's care needs, and low parenting satisfaction. Socio‐economic factors did not predict mental health difficulties.ConclusionThis study is among one of the first to report the mental health of fathers of children with a disability inAustralia. Findings highlight that some fathers of children withIDare at heightened risk of experiencing mental health difficulties, underscoring the importance of the provision of information and interventions to promote their mental health.
Mammary carcinoma in a male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Roberts Bradley M. , Chumpolkulwong Kesara , Tayamun Sujitra , Inamnuay Laksanee , Rungsipipat Anudep , Lombardini Eric D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundA mammary nodule was noted in a male rhesus macaque during physical examination.Methods and ResultsHistopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Ductal carcinoma in situ was confirmed.ConclusionsTo date, there are two reports of mammary carcinoma in male non‐human primates, and none in the rhesus macaque.
The transition of a large‐scale quality improvement initiative: a bibliometric analysis of the Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care Programme
Authors: White Mark , Wells John SG , Butterworth Tony 
Published: March 2014

Aims and objectivesTo examine the literature related to a large‐scale quality improvement initiative, the ‘Productive Ward: Releasing Time to Care’, providing a bibliometric profile that tracks the level of interest and scale of roll‐out and adoption, discussing the implications for sustainability.BackgroundProductive Ward: Releasing Time to Care (aka Productive Ward) is probably one of the most ambitious quality improvement efforts engaged by the UK‐NHS. Politically and financially supported, its main driver was the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. The NHS institute closed in early 2013 leaving a void of resources, knowledge and expertise. UK roll‐out of the initiative is well established and has arguably peaked. International interest in the initiative however continues to develop.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was undertaken to identify the literature related to the Productive Ward and its implementation (January 2006–June 2013). A bibliometric analysis examined/reviewed the trends and identified/measured interest, spread and uptake.ResultsOverall distribution patterns identify a declining trend of interest, with reduced numbers of grey literature and evaluation publications. However, detailed examination of the data shows no reduction in peer‐reviewed outputs. There is some evidence that international uptake of the initiative continues to generate publications and create interest.ConclusionsSustaining this initiative in the UK will require re‐energising, a new focus and financing. The transition period created by the closure of its creator may well contribute to further reduced levels of interest and publication outputs in the UK. However, international implementation, evaluation and associated publications could serve to attract professional/academic interest in this well‐established, positively reported, quality improvement initiative.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper provides nurses and ward teams involved in quality improvement programmes with a detailed, current‐state, examination and analysis of the Productive Ward literature, highlighting the bibliometric patterns of this large‐scale, international, quality improvement programme. It serves to disseminate updated publication information to those in clinical practice who are involved in Productive Ward or a similar quality improvement initiative.
On Coloniality, Racialized Forgetting and the “Group Effect”: Interrogating Ethnic Studies' Meta‐Narrative of Race
Authors: Patil Vrushali 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of collaborative antiracist struggle, this paper considers knowledge about race constructed by contemporary ethnic studies. Examining narratives of self, history and purpose produced by ethnic studies, it argues that these narratives highlight processes of racialization at the level of received ethnic groups while eliding cross‐group processes. It argues that the hyper‐visibility of racialization at the level of distinct groups, coupled with the invisibility of cross‐group processes, creates a “group effect” which has significant implications for alliance‐building and solidarity. It ends with a discussion of some possibilities for countering the group effect.
SHARPS INJURIES AMONGST HEALTHCARE WORKERS: REVIEW OF INCIDENCE, TRANSMISSIONS AND COSTS
Authors: Elseviers Monique M. , Arias‐Guillén Marta , Gorke Alois , Arens Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundSharps injuries and the related risk of infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represent one of the major occupational health risks for healthcare workers (HCWs).Literature ReviewAn overview of available data on the incidence of sharps injuries and the related HBV, HCV and HIV infections and ensuing costs is provided.ResultsLiterature reported incidence rates of sharps injuries ranging from 1.4 to 9.5 per 100 HCWs, resulting in a weighted mean of 3.7/100 HCWs per year. Sharps injuries were associated with infective disease transmissions from patients to HCWs resulting in 0.42 HBV infections, 0.05–1.30 HCV infections and 0.04–0.32 HIV infections per 100 sharps injuries per year. The related societal costs had a mean of €272, amounting to a mean of €1,966 if the source patient was HIV positive with HBV and HCV co‐infections.ConclusionSharps injuries remain a frequent threat amongst HCWs. The follow‐up and treatment of sharps injuries and the deriving consequences represent a significant cost factor.
Barriers to the reporting of medication administration errors and near misses: an interview study of nurses at a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Haw C. , Stubbs J. , Dickens G. L. 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary
Medication administration errors and near misses are common including in mental health settings. Nurses should report all errors and near misses so that lessons can be learned and future mistakes avoided. We interviewed 50 nurses to find out if they would report an error that a colleague had made or if they would report a near‐miss that they had.
Less than half of nurses said they would report an error made by a colleague or a near‐miss involving themselves. Nurses commonly said they would not report the errors or near misses because there was a good excuse for the error/near miss, because they lacked knowledge about whether it was an error/near miss or how to report it, because they feared the consequences of reporting it, or because reporting it was too much work.
Mental health nurses mostly report similar reasons for not reporting errors and near misses as nurses working in general medical settings. We have not seen another study where nurses would not report an error or near miss because they thought there was a good excuse for it.
Training programmes and policies should address all the reasons that prevent reporting of errors and near misses.
AbstractMedication errors are a common and preventable cause of patient harm. Guidance for nurses indicates that all errors and near misses should be immediately reported in order to facilitate the development of a learning culture. However, medication errors and near misses have been under‐researched in mental health settings. This study explored the reasons given by psychiatric nurses for not reporting a medication error made by a colleague, and the perceived barriers to near‐miss reporting. We presented 50 nurses with clinical vignettes about error and near‐miss reporting and interviewed them about their likely actions and about their views and perceptions. Less than half of participants would report an error made by a colleague (48%) or a near‐miss involving themselves (40%). Thematic analysis revealed common themes for both not reporting an error or a near‐miss were knowledge, fear, burden of work, and excusing the error. The first three themes are similar to results obtained from research in general medical settings, but the fourth appears to be novel. Many mental health nurses are not yet fully convinced of the need to report all errors and near misses, and that improvements could be made by increasing knowledge while reducing fear, burden of work, and excusing of errors.
It Still Isn't Over: Event Boundaries in Language and Perception
Authors: Malaia Evie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe interaction between language and perception networks in the brain can hold the key to the biological bases of language evolution. In language, every sentence is built around a verb, which describes an event. During perception, humans constantly and automatically segment reality into individualized event (verb) units. The cognitive connection between the perceptual segmentation of events and their grammatical expression in language is a novel direction for research into the neurobiology of language, but it may be a key example of the emergence of linguistic structure – grammatical category – from individualized meaning.This article summarizes the current state of this research, and is divided into three parts. The initial overview of cross‐linguistic typology of events shows that events and their boundaries are of vital importance to linguistic communication. We then summarize what is known about perceiving and identifying event boundaries in the most well‐studied domain, that of visual perception. Here, sign languages provide the link between visual perception and linguistic expression, showing a complex mapping from perceptual and cognitive event segmentation to linguistic structures at the phonology–syntax interface. The last section reviews current evidence for neural bases of event processing, showing that identification of an event boundary (linguistic or perceptual) is used for memory updates, and suggesting the possible role of an event‐type universal in the syntactic structure of human languages.
Model choice for phylogeographic inference using a large set of models
Authors: Pelletier Tara A. , Carstens Bryan C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractModel‐based analyses are common in phylogeographic inference because they parameterize processes such as population division, gene flow and expansion that are of interest to biologists. Approximate Bayesian computation is a model‐based approach that can be customized to any empirical system and used to calculate the relative posterior probability of several models, provided that suitable models can be identified for comparison. The question of how to identify suitable models is explored using data from Plethodon idahoensis, a salamander that inhabits the North American inland northwest temperate rainforest. First, we conduct an ABC analysis using five models suggested by previous research, calculate the relative posterior probabilities and find that a simple model of population isolation has the best fit to the data (PP = 0.70). In contrast to this subjective choice of models to include in the analysis, we also specify models in a more objective manner by simulating prior distributions for 143 models that included panmixia, population isolation, change in effective population size, migration and range expansion. We then identify a smaller subset of models for comparison by generating an expectation of the highest posterior probability that a false model is likely to achieve due to chance and calculate the relative posterior probabilities of only those models that exceed this expected level. A model that parameterized divergence with population expansion and gene flow in one direction offered the best fit to the P. idahoensis data (in contrast to an isolation‐only model from the first analysis). Our investigation demonstrates that the determination of which models to include in ABC model choice experiments is a vital component of model‐based phylogeographic analysis.
Differential control of Bradyrhizobium japonicum iron stimulon genes through variable affinity of the iron response regulator (Irr) for target gene promoters and selective loss of activator function
Authors: Jaggavarapu Siddharth , O'Brian Mark R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBradyrhizobium japonicum Irr is a conditionally stable transcriptional activator and repressor that accumulates in cells under iron‐limited, manganese‐replete conditions, but degrades in a haem‐dependent manner under high iron conditions, manganese limitation or upon exposure to H2O2. Here, we identified Irr‐regulated genes that were relatively unresponsive to factors that promote Irr degradation. The promoters of those genes bound Irr with at least 200‐fold greater affinity than promoters of the responsive genes, resulting in maintenance of promoter occupancy over a wide cellular Irr concentration range. For Irr‐repressible genes, promoter occupancy correlated with transcriptional repression, resulting in differential levels of expression based on Irr affinity for target promoters. However, inactivation of positively controlled genes required neither promoter vacancy nor loss of DNA‐binding activity by Irr. Thus, activation and repression functions of Irr may be uncoupled from each other under certain conditions. Abrogation of Irr activation function was haem‐dependent, thus haem has two functionally separable roles in modulating Irr activity. The findings imply a greater complexity of control by Irr than can be achieved by conditional stability alone. We suggest that these regulatory mechanisms accommodate the differing needs for Irr regulon genes in response to the prevailing metabolic state of the cell.