bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commitment to the environment: the role of subjective norms in college and community samples
Authors: Davis Jody L. , Le Benjamin , Coy Anthony E. , Rickert Jeffrey , Regan Benjamin , Ridgeway Kristen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe tested a model of antecedents and outcomes of commitment to the environment, defined as psychological attachment and long‐term orientation to the natural world, hypothesizing that satisfaction with, investments in, and subjective norms about the environment would predict commitment, which, in turn, would predict willingness to sacrifice for the environment. In two studies, the model was supported in undergraduate and community samples, and for general commitment to the environment as well as commitment to specific proenvironmental behaviors. Individuals who are satisfied with and invested in the natural world, and who believe that those close to them value it as well, are likely to be committed to the environment and be willing to forego selfish interests to behave proenvironmentally.
Class III PI3K‐mediated prolonged activation of autophagy plays a critical role in the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhang Yangyang , Li Chuanfu , Li Yuehua , Jiang Surong , Zhang Xiaojin , Ding Zhengnian , Tu Fei , Wu Jun , Gao Xiang , Li Liu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPathological cardiac hypertrophy often leads to heart failure. Activation of autophagy has been shown in pathological hypertrophic hearts. Autophagy is regulated positively by Class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K). However, it is unknown whether Class III PI3K plays a role in the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. To address this question, we employed a previously established cardiac hypertrophy model in heat shock protein 27 transgenic mice which shares common features with several types of human cardiomyopathy. Age‐matched wild‐type mice served as control. Firstly, a prolonged activation of autophagy, as reflected by autophagosome accumulation, increased LC3 conversion and decreased p62 protein levels, was detected in hypertrophic hearts from adaptive stage to maladaptive stage. Moreover, morphological abnormalities in myofilaments and mitochondria were presented in the areas accumulated with autophagosomes. Secondly, activation of Class III PI3K Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), as demonstrated by upregulation of Vps34 expression, increased interaction of Vps34 with Beclin‐1, and deceased Bcl‐2 expression, was demonstrated in hypertrophic hearts from adaptive stage to maladaptive stage. Finally, administration with Wortmaninn, a widely used autophagy inhibitor by suppressing Class III PI3K activity, significantly decreased autophagy activity, improved morphologies of intracellular apartments, and most importantly, prevented progressive cardiac dysfunction in hypertrophic hearts. Collectively, we demonstrated that Class III PI3K plays a central role in the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure via a prolonged activation of autophagy in current study. Class III PI3K may serve as a potential target for the treatment and management of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy.
Neonatal leukaemia cutis
Authors: Handler M.Z. , Schwartz R.A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeonatal leukaemia cutis is a significant neoplasm that may represent a cutaneous manifestation of systemic leukaemia, usually of myeloblastic type. Rarely, it may be or appear to be limited to skin, in which case it is called neonatal aleukaemic leukaemia cutis. By definition, it presents within the first 4 weeks of life and often has a ‘blueberry muffin baby’ appearance of magenta coloured nodules affecting almost any area of the skin, usually sparing mucous membranes, palms and soles. This clinical pattern is more commonly associated with neonatal infections such rubella and toxoplasmosis, and may be evident with other neonatal neoplasms such as neuroblastoma. Due to the morbidity associated with chemotherapy and reported cases of spontaneous remission without systemic progression in those with neonatal aleukaemic leukaemia cutis without 11q23 translocation, the authors not treating the child with chemotherapy, but to simply monitor for fading of the violaceous nodules, and watch for possible signs of systemic leukaemia.
Epidemiology of superficial mycoses in Northern Greece: a 4‐year study
Authors: Nasr A. , Vyzantiadis T.A. , Patsatsi A. , Louka A. , Ioakimidou A. , Zachrou E. , Chavale A. , Kalabalikis D. , Malissiovas N. , Sotiriadis D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial mycoses are defined as the fungal infections of skin, hair or nails that are caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and non‐dermatophytic moulds. Dermatophytes are the most frequently isolated fungi from specimens of patients with superficial mycoses.ObjectiveStudying the possible alteration of the epidemiology of superficial mycoses in Northern Greece during the last two to three decades.Materials and methodsData concerning the superficial mycoses from patients coming mainly from the region of Macedonia, Northern Greece, between January 2010 and January 2014 were recorded and analysed. They included specimens from 438 patients (146 M/292 F), within an age range of 2–85 years old. 503 samples were collected from skin (81, 16.1%), hair (18, 3.6%) and nails (fingernails 84, 16.7%, toenails 320, 63.6%) lesions.ResultsOf a total of 222 positive cultures, 50 were considered as yielding clinically non‐significant isolates (saprophytes). Among the rest (172), dermatophytes were the most prevalent isolates (102, 59.3%), followed by yeasts (51, 29.7%) and non‐dermatophytic moulds (19, 11%). Trichophyton rubrum (55, 53.9%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (18, 17.6%) and Microsporum canis (23, 22.5%) were the most common isolates among dermatophytes (total = 102). Candida parapsilosis (26, 51%), and Candida albicans (10, 19.6%) among yeasts (total = 51) whereas Fusarium (6, 31.6%) and Acremonium species (3, 15.8%) among the non‐dermatophytic moulds (total=19).ConclusionCompared to previous studies from Northern Greece, the epidemiology of superficial mycoses in the specific geographic region seems not to have been altered the last two to three decades.
Parasite host range and the evolution of host resistance
Authors: Gorter F. A. , Hall A. R. , Buckling A. , Scanlan P. D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractParasite host range plays a pivotal role in the evolution and ecology of hosts and the emergence of infectious disease. Although the factors that promote host range and the epidemiological consequences of variation in host range are relatively well characterized, the effect of parasite host range on host resistance evolution is less well understood. In this study, we tested the impact of parasite host range on host resistance evolution. To do so, we used the host bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 and a diverse suite of coevolved viral parasites (lytic bacteriophage Φ2) with variable host ranges (defined here as the number of host genotypes that can be infected) as our experimental model organisms. Our results show that resistance evolution to coevolved phages occurred at a much lower rate than to ancestral phage (approximately 50% vs. 100%), but the host range of coevolved phages did not influence the likelihood of resistance evolution. We also show that the host range of both single parasites and populations of parasites does not affect the breadth of the resulting resistance range in a naïve host but that hosts that evolve resistance to single parasites are more likely to resist other (genetically) more closely related parasites as a correlated response. These findings have important implications for our understanding of resistance evolution in natural populations of bacteria and viruses and other host–parasite combinations with similar underlying infection genetics, as well as the development of phage therapy.
Risk factors for mortality in Down syndrome
Authors: Uppal H. , Chandran S. , Potluri R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome is a genetic condition that contributes to a significantly shorter life expectancy compared with the general population. We investigated the most common comorbidities in a population of acute hospital patients with Down syndrome and further explored what the most common risk factors for mortality are within this population.MethodFrom our database of one million patients admitted to National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in northern England, we identified 558 people who had Down syndrome. We compared this group with an age‐ and gender‐matched control group of 5580 people.ResultsThe most prevalent comorbid diseases within the Down's population were hypothyroidism (22.9%) and epilepsy (20.3%). However, the conditions that had the highest relative risks (RRs) in the Down's population were septal defects and dementia. Respiratory failure, dementia and pneumonia were the most significantly related comorbidities to mortality in the Down syndrome population. In the control population, respiratory failure, dementia and renal failure were the most significant disease contributors. When these contributors were analysed using multivariate analysis, heart failure, respiratory failure, pneumonia and epilepsy were the identified risk factors for in‐hospital mortality in the Down syndrome population. Respiratory failure was the sole risk factor for mortality in the Down syndrome population [RR = 9.791 (1.6–59.9) P ≤ 0.05], when compared with the risk factors for mortality in the control population.ConclusionsThere is significant medical morbidity in Down syndrome. This morbidity contributes to the lower life expectancy. Respiratory failure is a risk factor for mortality in Down syndrome. We need to thoroughly investigate people with Down syndrome to ensure any treatable illnesses are well managed.
Catalysts of worker‐to‐worker violence and incivility in hospitals
Authors: Hamblin Lydia E , Essenmacher Lynnette , Upfal Mark J , Russell Jim , Luborsky Mark , Ager Joel , Arnetz Judith E 
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectivesTo identify common catalysts of worker‐to‐worker violence and incivility in hospital settings.BackgroundWorker‐to‐worker violence and incivility are prevalent forms of mistreatment in healthcare workplaces. These are forms of counterproductive work behaviour that can lead to negative outcomes for employees, patients and the organisation overall. Identifying the factors that lead to co‐worker mistreatment is a critical first step in the development of interventions targeting these behaviours.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.MethodsQualitative content analysis was conducted on the total sample (n = 141) of employee incident reports of worker‐to‐worker violence and incivility that were documented in 2011 at a large American hospital system.ResultsMore than 50% of the incidents involved nurses, and the majority of incidents did not involve physical violence. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis: Work Behaviour and Work Organisation. Incidents in the Work Behaviour category were often sparked by unprofessional behaviour, disagreement over responsibilities for work tasks or methods of patient care, and dissatisfaction with a co‐worker's performance. Incidents in the Work Organisation category involved conflicts or aggression arising from failure to following protocol, patient assignments, limited resources and high workload.ConclusionIncidents of worker‐to‐worker violence and incivility stemmed from dissatisfaction with employee behaviour or from organisational practices or work constraints. These incident descriptions reflect worker dissatisfaction and frustration, resulting from poor communication and collaboration between employees, all of which threaten work productivity.Relevance to clinical practiceViolence and incivility between hospital employees can contribute to turnover of top performers, hinder effective teamwork and jeopardise the quality of patient care. Identification of common catalysts for worker‐to‐worker violence and incivility informs the development of mistreatment prevention programmes that can be used to educate hospital staff.
The lived experience of fathers of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Provenzi Livio , Santoro Elena 
Published: April 2015

Aims and objectivesTo systematically review the experience of fathers of preterm infants hospitalised in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.BackgroundFamily‐centred care is more and more acknowledged in Neonatal Intensive Care Units, advocating for active engagement of both parents in the care journey. Nonetheless, fathers' Neonatal Intensive Care Unit experience has received limited research attention.DesignSystematic review of qualitative studies.MethodsFour electronic databases (CINHAL, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) were explored and studies published between 2000–2014 were included. Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Studies guidelines were adopted. Key themes were extracted and synthesised.ResultsFive main themes resuming fathers' experience of preterm birth and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay were identified from 14 studies. Themes were: emotional roller‐coaster, paternal needs, coping strategies, self‐representation and caregiving engagement. These dimensions were found to be dynamically shaped across three critical turning points: preterm birth, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit stay and at home.ConclusionsNeonatal Intensive Care Unit fathers of preterm infants experience ambivalence, a set of different needs and coping strategies. They modify their self‐representations along the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit journey and needs specific nursing support and intervention to sustain caregiving engagement and transition to parenthood.Relevance to clinical practiceA systematic and deepened understanding of preterms' fathers lived experience in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit would be helpful to inform nursing practice. Specific action priorities are suggested within the frame of family‐centred care.
Solubility prediction, solvate and cocrystal screening as tools for rational crystal engineering
Authors: Loschen Christoph , Klamt Andreas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The fact that novel drug candidates are becoming increasingly insoluble is a major problem of current drug development. Computational tools may address this issue by screening for suitable solvents or by identifying potential novel cocrystal formers that increase bioavailability. In contrast to other more specialized methods, the fluid phase thermodynamics approach COSMO-RS (conductor-like screening model for real solvents) allows for a comprehensive treatment of drug solubility, solvate and cocrystal formation and many other thermodynamics properties in liquids. This article gives an overview of recent COSMO-RS developments that are of interest for drug development and contains several new application examples for solubility prediction and solvate/cocrystal screening.

Methods
For all property predictions COSMO-RS has been used. The basic concept of COSMO-RS consists of using the screening charge density as computed from first principles calculations in combination with fast statistical thermodynamics to compute the chemical potential of a compound in solution.

Key finding
The fast and accurate assessment of drug solubility and the identification of suitable solvents, solvate or cocrystal formers is nowadays possible and may be used to complement modern drug development. Efficiency is increased by avoiding costly quantum-chemical computations using a database of previously computed molecular fragments.

Summary
COSMO-RS theory can be applied to a range of physico-chemical properties, which are of interest in rational crystal engineering. Most notably, in combination with experimental reference data, accurate quantitative solubility predictions in any solvent or solvent mixture are possible. Additionally, COSMO-RS can be extended to the prediction of cocrystal formation, which results in considerable predictive accuracy concerning coformer screening. In a recent variant costly quantum chemical calculations are avoided resulting in a significant speed-up and ease-of-use.
Perspectives of Behavioral Health Clinicians in a Rural Integrated Primary Care/Mental Health Program
Authors: Williams Dallas , Eckstrom Jessica , Avery Marc , Unützer Jürgen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study compares the perspectives of rural and urban mental health clinicians working in various Washington State Community Health Centers that have implemented an integrated primary care/mental health program.MethodsWe conducted a Web‐based survey of mental health clinicians (n = 71) who work in an integrated primary care/mental health program (“the program”) in 1 of 150 safety net primary care clinics in Washington State. Most participating clinics are Federally Qualified Health Centers or Rural Health Clinics. Pooled survey results from clinicians working in rural settings were compared to those working in urban settings. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a subset (n = 32) of survey respondents. Comments made during these interviews were analyzed for themes.FindingsIn the survey phase, both rural and urban clinicians generally agreed that the program benefitted their patients. Rural respondents were particularly appreciative of the flexibility that the program offered when planning care. Not surprisingly, social service limitations (such as housing or transportation services) were more often mentioned as program limitations. Rural clinicians were more likely to note a lack of awareness of program resources among other medical providers on the team.ConclusionsClinicians working in rural primary care clinics value the availability and flexibility of an integrated primary care/mental health program as an option for providing mental health care for their patients. Clinicians working in rural settings could benefit from additional training and program implementation support to best meet the needs of their patients.
Decreasing Marginal Impatience and Capital Accumulation in a Two‐Country World Economy
Authors: Hirose Ken‐Ichi , Ikeda Shinsuke 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis research is the first to examine dynamic general equilibrium in a growing two‐country economy under decreasing marginal impatience (DMI). The stability condition is shown to be more restrictive than in the case of an endowment economy and/or under increasing marginal impatience (IMI). By analyzing global‐economy adjustment to time preference shocks, international transfers and productivity shocks, equilibrium dynamics in the presence of DMI differ drastically from what is obtained when the standard IMI model is used. For example, in a country characterized by DMI, a positive productivity shock improves the country's welfare level and lowers its steady‐state time preference and, hence, the steady‐state interest rate. This leads to an increase in the neighbouring country's capital stock.
Kant's Universal Law Formula Revisited
Authors: Nyholm Sven 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKantians are increasingly deserting the universal law formula in favor of the humanity formula. The former, they argue, is open to various decisive objections; the two are not equivalent; and it is only by appealing to the humanity formula that Kant can reliably generate substantive implications from his theory of an acceptable sort. These assessments of the universal law formula, which clash starkly with Kant's own assessment of it, are based on various widely accepted interpretative assumptions. These assumptions, it is argued in this article, depend on misleading translations of key terms; selective attention to Kant's concrete examples; not taking seriously Kant's theoretical claims about the relations among his various ideas; and a failure to take into account Kant's idiosyncratic definitions of key concepts. The article seeks to right these interpretative wrongs, and finds that the universal law formula is not open to many of the standard objections.
ErnestGellner'sWords and Things:A Case Study of Empirical Philosophy
Authors: Schubert Stefan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article considers howErnestGellner used sociology and anthropology to attack ordinary language philosophy inWords and Things. It argues that this attack can be seen as a part of the movement to make philosophy more empirical or “naturalized,” something that has not been generally noted. It also discusses what general lessons to draw fromWords and Thingsregarding how empirical knowledge should be used in philosophy. Among other things, the article argues that one important lesson is that empirical philosophers should make more use of “soft” social sciences, such as sociology and anthropology, and not focus exclusively on “harder” disciplines, such as physics and experimental psychology. Another upshot of the discussion is that philosophers should draw on empirical knowledge not only when theysolveproblems but also when theyformulatethem.
Rethinking Knowledge
Authors: Cellucci Carlo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe view that the subject matter of epistemology is the concept of knowledge is faced with the problem that all attempts so far to define that concept are subject to counterexamples. As an alternative, this article argues that the subject matter of epistemology is knowledge itself rather than the concept of knowledge. Moreover, knowledge is not merely a state of mind but rather a certain kind of response to the environment that is essential for survival. In this perspective, the article outlines an answer to four basic questions about knowledge: What is the role of knowledge in human life? What is the relation between knowledge and reality? How is knowledge acquired? Is there anya prioriknowledge?
Evaluating Ethical Tools
Authors: Moula Payam , Sandin Per 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article reviews suggestions for how ethical tools are to be evaluated and argues that the concept of ethical soundness as presented by Kaiser et al. (2007) is unhelpful. Instead, it suggests that the quality of an ethical tool is determined by how well it achieves its assigned purpose(s). Those are different for different tools, and the article suggests a categorization of such tools into three groups. For all ethical tools, it identifies comprehensiveness and user‐friendliness as crucial. For tools that have reaching a decision in a democratic context as a main purpose, it identifies transparency, guiding users toward a decision and justification of the decision‐supporting mechanism. For tools that aim to engage the public, it identifies procedural fairness as essential. It also notes that the scope of use for ethical tools is limited to the same moral community, and that this feature is frequently overlooked.
Variations in Philosophical Genre: thePlatonic Dialogue
Authors: Futter Dylan Brian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe primary function of thePlatonic dialogue is not the communication of philosophical doctrines but the transformation of the reader's character. This article takes up the question of how, or by what means, thePlatonic dialogue accomplishes its transformative goal. An answer is developed as follows. First, the style of reading associated with analytical philosophy is not transformative, on account of its hermeneutical attachment and epistemic equality in the relationship between reader and author. Secondly, the style of reading associated with the genre of commentary is transformative because it is governed by a principle of authority. When the commentary model is applied to thePlatonic dialogue, it can be seen that the dialogue mimics the function of the authority principle in transforming the reader into a commentator, that is, someone who reads from a position of detachment and accepts responsibility for himself as moral and epistemic agent.