bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La contrareforma laboral de 2012
Authors: Pérez Amorós Francesc 
Published: April 2015

La reforma laboral de 2012 es vertebra entorn de la Llei 3/2012, de 6 de juliol, de mesures urgents per a la reforma del mercat laboral, text que va entrar en vigor el dia 8 de juliol de 2012. Una Llei que encimbella el “mercat” -“laboral”- a la categoria de subjecte de dret. Des de l'òptica de la política del dret, la Llei 3/2012, reordena les fonts reguladores de les relacions laborals reconfigurant els poders normatius; i des de l'òptica de la lògica jurídica, fa servir, inadequadament, categories jurídiques. La reforma de 2012 no és una reforma més ni és exemple de l'autèntic reformisme laboral, sinó que és una autèntica contrareforma laboral.
La relation entre l’intensité perçue d’utilisation de la messagerie électronique et la qualité de la relation hiérarchique
Authors: de La Rupelle Géraldine , Guthrie Cameron , Kalika Michel 
Published: April 2015

Stress, conflits, surcharge, pression et contrôle, mais aussi gain de temps, motivation, accessibilité… sont autant de mots souvent prononcés à l’évocation de la messagerie électronique, tout particulièrement lorsqu’elle est associée aux relations hiérarchiques.
Bien que les chercheurs et praticiens reconnaissent les effets du média sur la relation hiérarchique, la recherche académique peine à expliquer la nature de leur relation ainsi que les variables explicatives de cette même relation. Visant à répondre à ces questions, la problématique centrale de notre étude consiste à examiner la relation entre l’utilisation de la messagerie électronique et la qualité de la relation hiérarchique en mettant l’accent sur trois variables médiatrices : la reconnaissance, le contrôle et l’accessibilité.
L’étude empirique a été réalisée au sein d’une banque de réseau française. Une étude qualitative exploratoire a contribué à la construction d’échelles de mesure utilisées ensuite dans un dispositif de recherche quantitatif : 478 questionnaires valides ont permis une analyse du modèle par la méthode des équations structurelles.
Les résultats révèlent que l’intensité perçue d’utilisation du média est liée positivement à la qualité de la relation hiérarchique lorsque la relation est considérée isolément des variables médiatrices. En revanche, lorsque nous traitons le modèle dans son ensemble — en introduisant les variables médiatrices de reconnaissance, contrôle et accessibilité — la relation directe entre utilisation de la messagerie électronique et qualité de la relation hiérarchique n’est plus validée. La reconnaissance et le contrôle sont des mécanismes explicatifs de cette relation, tandis que l’accessibilité n’explique que partiellement la relation entre messagerie électronique et qualité de la relation hiérarchique. Outre les apports méthodologiques que procure la construction du modèle et celle des échelles de mesure, la présente recherche vise à fournir des pistes pour une amélioration des pratiques de communication électronique au sein de la dyade supérieur hiérarchique/subordonné.
Challenges of Teaching Live and Distance Audiences Simultaneously
Authors: Davis Stephen Scott , Hurtubise Larry 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association (JAOA) encourages osteopathic physicians, faculty members and students at colleges of osteopathic medicine, and others within the health care professions to submit comments related to articles published in the JAOA and the mission of the osteopathic medical profession. The JAOA's editors are particularly interested in letters that discuss recently published original research.
Letters must be submitted online at http://www.osteopathic.org/JAOAsubmit. Letters to the editor are considered for publication in the JAOA with the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere and are not simultaneously under consideration by any other publication. All accepted letters to the editor are subject to editing and abridgment.
Although the JAOA welcomes letters to the editor, these contributions have a lower publication priority than other submissions. As a consequence, letters are published only when space allows.
Developing Technology-Enhanced Active Learning for Medical Education: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Directions
Authors: McCoy Lise , Pettit Robin K. , Lewis Joy H. , Bennett Thomas , Carrasco Noel , Brysacz Stanley , Makin Inder Raj S. , Hutman Ryan , Schwartz Frederic N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Growing up in an era of video games and Web-based applications has primed current medical students to expect rapid, interactive feedback. To address this need, the A.T. Still University–School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona (Mesa) has developed and integrated a variety of approaches using technology-enhanced active learning for medical education (TEAL-MEd) into its curriculum. Over the course of 3 years (2010-2013), the authors facilitated more than 80 implementations of games and virtual patient simulations into the education of 550 osteopathic medical students. The authors report on 4 key aspects of the TEAL-MEd initiative, including purpose, portfolio of tools, progress to date regarding challenges and solutions, and future directions. Lessons learned may be of benefit to medical educators at academic and clinical training sites who wish to implement TEAL-MEd activities. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):202-211 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.042
Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA Level 1 and Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation Preparation and Outcomes
Authors: Maholtz Danielle E. , Erickson Michael J. , Cymet Tyler 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination-USA (COMLEX-USA) assesses the competence of osteopathic physicians in training. It is designed to protect the public by setting minimum competence standards. All osteopathic medical students must pass COMLEX-USA Level 1, Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation, and Level 2-Performance Evaluation before being allowed to graduate from an osteopathic medical school. Residency training programs use COMLEX-USA scores as a major factor in deciding whom they will interview and admit into their programs. In addition, colleges of osteopathic medicine use student COMLEX-USA scores as an external assessment of their success in educating students. Because COMLEX-USA is a high-stakes examination series, it is important to understand predictive factors for performance. The authors review the literature on the relationship between COMLEX-USA scores and correlated student variables. Results from the Council on Osteopathic Student Government Presidents' survey on students' preparation methods and performance are also provided.J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2015;115(4):232-235 doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.046
Landsat verileri ve lineer spektral ayriştirma (unmixing) yöntemi kullanilarak izmit körfezi çevresinde kentsel değişim alanlarinin belirlenmesi
Authors: UYSAL Cihan , MAKTAV Derya 
Published: April 2015

ÖzetGloballeşmenin en temel etkilerinden biri kentsel alanlardaki hızlı büyümedir. Bu büyüme eğilimi, kentlerin dinamik yapısından kaynaklanmaktadır. Kentsel büyümedeki bu artış bazen kontrol edilemez bir hale geldiğinde doğal kaynaklara zarar verebilmekte, arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanımında değişikliklere yol açabilmektedir. Bu yüzden kentsel alanların periyodik olarak izlenmesi gerekir. Kentsel büyümeleri izlemede uzaktan algılama güvenilir bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin en çok endüstriyelleşmiş bölgelerinden biri olan İzmit Körfezi çevresi çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki kentsel büyümeyi değerlendirmek için spektral karışım analizi (spectral mixture analysis (SMA)) yöntem olarak seçilmiştir. Uzaktan algılama görüntüleri, arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanımı haritalarının oluşturulmasında temel araç oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, bu haritalarda mekansal detay kaybı söz konusudur, zira alana karşılık gelen her bir piksel sadece tek bir değerle temsil edilmektedir. Bu durum, özellikle de kentsel alan gibi heterojen yapıdaki alanlarda hatalı sınıflandırmalara yol açmaktadır. Bir piksel, kendisini oluşturan bileşenlerine ayrıştırılarak (unmixing) ilgili alana ait daha doğru sınıflandırma sonucu elde edilebilir. Spektral karışım analizinde, yeryüzeyi yansıtımının fiziksel temsilini sağlamak amacıyla lineer karışım modelleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada spektral karışım analizi, 1984, 1999 ve 2009 yıllarına ait LANDSAT görüntülerine uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, arazi örtüsündeki değişimler ve özellikle de kentsel büyüme alanları, ilgili SMA yöntemi kullanılarak hassas biçimde saptanmıştır.
Efficacy and Safety of 0.05 % Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Microemulsion for the treatment of Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease – an Indian Experience
Authors: Goel Upsham , Desai Dipan , Lavingia Bharti , Gokhale Nikhil , Jadhav Sonali , Gogtay Jaideep 
Published: April 2015

Background :
Dry eye disease is a multi-factorial disease with a significant immunological component. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of cyclosporine 0.05% ophthalmic microemulsion, in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, open label, non-comparative, multicentre study of 37 patients with moderate to severe dry eye, treated with cyclosporine 0.05 % ophthalmic micro-emulsion, for a period of 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change in Schirmer tear test score (mm), at week 4 from baseline. The secondary efficacy endpoints included mean change in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and ocular discomfort scores, use of artificial tears, and global evaluation of the treatment. The incidence and nature of adverse events were recorded.

Results:
A total of 34 patients (23 women) completed the study. After 4 weeks, Schirmer tear test score improved by 4.95 mm (95%, CI 3.47 to 6.41; p=0.000). There was significant reduction in mean OSDI and ocular discomfort score, by -0.93 (p=0.000) and -8.71 (p=0.000), respectively at week 4. According to clinician's global evaluations, a majority of the patients (58.1%) experienced at least a 75% to 90% improvement in symptoms from baseline. During the 4 week treatment period, 3 (8.82%) patients reported adverse events of mild to moderate intensity.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that cyclosporine 0.05% is an effective, safe and well tolerated treatment in Indian patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease.
Femtosecond Laser Assisted Cataract Surgery in White Cataract
Authors: Titiyal Jeewan Singh , Arora Tarun 
Published: April 2015

Aim:
To demonstrate application of femtosecond laser technology in patients with white cataract.

Methods:
Video-based description of successful management of intumescent white cataract with femtosecond laser technology.

Results:
We performed femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery in multiple patients with different morphologies of white cataract. Successful completion of capsulotomy along with intraocular lens implantation in the bag was achieved in all the cases. No case had extension of capsulotomy upto the periphery.

Conclusion:
Femtosecond laser technology has revolutionized the management of difficult cataract case scenarios especially intumescent white cataract. Intraocular lens implantation in the bag with ideal capsular margin overlap can be achieved with ease in most cases.
Strain localization driven by thermal decomposition during seismic shear
Authors: Platt John D. , Brantut Nicolas , Rice James R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractField and laboratory observations show that shear deformation is often extremely localized at seismic slip rates, with a typical deforming zone width on the order of a few tens of microns. This extreme localization can be understood in terms of thermally driven weakening mechanisms. A zone of initially high strain rate will experience more shear heating and thus weaken faster, making it more likely to accommodate subsequent deformation. Fault zones often contain thermally unstable minerals such as clays or carbonates, which devolatilize at the high temperatures attained during seismic slip. In this paper, we investigate how these thermal decomposition reactions drive strain localization when coupled to a model for thermal pressurization of in situ groundwater. Building on Rice et al. (2014), we use a linear stability analysis to predict a localized zone thickness that depends on a combination of hydraulic, frictional, and thermochemical properties of the deforming fault rock. Numerical simulations show that the onset of thermal decomposition drives additional strain localization when compared with thermal pressurization alone and predict localized zone thicknesses of ∼7 and ∼13 μm for lizardite and calcite, respectively. Finally we show how thermal diffusion and the endothermic reaction combine to limit the peak temperature of the fault and that the pore fluid released by the reaction provides additional weakening of ∼20–40% of the initial strength.
Crust beneath the northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province, India: Evidence for uplift and magmatic underplating
Authors: Rao K. Madhusudhan , Kumar M. Ravi , Rastogi B. K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe northwestern Deccan Volcanic Province of India and its pericratonic rift basins were reactivated during different stages after the breakup of India from the Gondwanaland and collision with the Asian plate. In this study, we present results of crustal thickness and average crustal Vp/Vs ratios beneath this plume‐affected region using common conversion point imaging and H‐k stacking analysis of 6893 receiver functions using data from a network comprising 58 broadband seismic stations sited on diverse tectonic terrains. We find large variations in crustal thickness, with the Moho depths varying from 28 to 43 km in the Kachchh rift, 28 to 38 km in the Cambay rift, 39.5–41.5 km in the north and eastern parts of the Cambay rift, and 29 to 39 km in the Saurashtra region and South Gujarat. A Moho upwarp of 6 to 7 km in the Saurashtra region can be attributed to positive buoyancy and uplift due to thermal influx affected by the Reunion plume. High crustal Vp/Vs ratios beneath the Kachchh rift (1.8 to 2.05), coastal areas of Saurashtra (1.75 to 2.06), and North Gujarat (1.81 to 1.85) indicate dominance of a mafic/ultramafic crust. High regional heat flow, high electrical conductivity, large intracrustal S wave velocity reduction, and high average crustal Poisson's ratios are consistent with partial melt related to the process of magmatic underplating in the lower crust. At other stations, the crust appears to be felsic with Vp/Vs ratios in the range of 1.57 to 1.76.
Waving in the rain
Authors: Cavaleri Luigi , Bertotti Luciana , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe consider the effect of rain on wind wave generation and dissipation. Rain falling on a wavy surface may have a marked tendency to dampen the shorter waves in the tail of the spectrum, the related range increasing with the rain rate. Historical and sailors’ reports suggest that this leads to calmer wave conditions, certainly so for the action of breakers. We have explored this situation using a fully coupled meteorological‐wave model system, adding an artificial rain rate‐dependent damping of the tail. Contrarily to direct marine experience, the experimental results show higher wind speeds and wave heights. A solid indication of the truth is achieved with the direct comparison between operational model (where rain effect is ignored) and measured data. These strongly support the sailors’ claims of less severe wave conditions under heavy rain. This leads to a keen analysis of the overall process, in particular on the role of the tail of the spectrum in modulating the wind input and the white‐capping, and how this is presently modeled in operational activity. We suggest that some revision is due and that the relationship between white‐capping and generation by wind is deeper and more implicative than presently generally assumed.
Geochemical variations in Japan Sea back‐arc basin basalts formed by high‐temperature adiabatic melting of mantle metasomatized by sediment subduction components
Authors: Hirahara Yuka , Kimura Jun‐Ichi , Senda Ryoko , Miyazaki Takashi , Kawabata Hiroshi , Takahashi Toshiro , Chang Qing , Vaglarov Bogdan S. , Sato Takeshi , Kodaira Shuichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Yamato Basin in the Japan Sea is a back‐arc basin characterized by basaltic oceanic crust that is twice as thick as typical oceanic crust. Two types of ocean floor basalts, formed during the opening of the Japan Sea in the Middle Miocene, were recovered from the Yamato Basin during Ocean Drilling Program Legs 127/128. These can be considered as depleted (D‐type) and enriched (E‐type) basalts based on their incompatible trace element and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopic compositions. Both types of basalts plot along a common mixing array drawn between depleted mantle and slab sediment represented by a sand‐rich turbidite on the Pacific Plate in the NE Japan fore arc. The depleted nature of the D‐type basalts suggests that the slab sediment component is nil to minor relative to the dominant mantle component, whereas the enrichment of all incompatible elements in the E‐type basalts was likely caused by a large contribution of bulk slab sediment in the source. The results of forward model calculations using adiabatic melting of a hydrous mantle with sediment flux indicate that the melting conditions of the source mantle for the D‐type basalts are deeper and hotter than those for the E‐type basalts, which appear to have formed under conditions hotter than those of normal mid‐oceanic ridge basalts (MORB). These results suggest that the thicker oceanic crust was formed by greater degrees of melting of a hydrous metasomatized mantle source at unusually high mantle potential temperature during the opening of the Japan Sea.
Seasonal variability and fluxes of nitrate in the surface waters over the Arctic shelf slope
Authors: Randelhoff Achim , Sundfjord Arild , Reigstad Marit 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the present state and possible future scenarios of Arctic Ocean primary productivity has been hampered by the scarcity of year‐round nutrient measurements. Here the first yearlong moored time series of near‐surface nitrate concentrations in the Eastern Arctic, together with hydrography, currents, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, is reported from the shelf slope northeast of Svalbard. Variability was dominated by the inflow of Atlantic Water (AW). Nitrate was near depleted during July–September and reached a maximum concentration of 10 μM in March. Vertical nitrate gradients were eroded by mid‐December, demonstrating the importance of the AW in breaking down upper ocean stratification during fall. Upward nitrate fluxes through the nitracline in the AW inflow region during fall were 2.5 ± 0.5 mmol m−2 d−1. The spring bloom triggered extensive nitrate drawdown from June, from which an annual new production of 31 g C m−2 was estimated.
Microstructural evolution in bitaxial crack‐seal veins: A phase‐field study
Authors: Ankit Kumar , Urai Janos L. , Nestler Britta 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBitaxial crack sealing by epitaxial crystal growth is the most common vein‐forming process in Earth's crust, but the details of the microstructural processes in these are not well understood. Here we model the evolution of bitaxial crack‐seal quartz veins in two and three dimensions, using the phase‐field method. Our numerical simulations show the influence of different parameters, such as the obliquity of crack opening and crack location, grain size, and orientations on the evolving vein microstructure. We examine the underlying growth competition observed during epitaxial growth of quartz. Results show many similarities with natural microstructures such as stretched crystals and compare well with the previous numerical findings. As the ratio of crack aperture and matrix grain size for the present studies is chosen to be sufficiently large for growth competition to occur before complete sealing, it leads to the formation of crystal fragments along the crack‐opening trajectory. We explain how such fragment trails act as potential indicators of the opening of crack‐seal veins, if they are confirmed to be common in natural microstructures. Finally, we highlight the importance of accounting for the third dimension in the numerical simulations by analyzing the evolution of fluid connectivity in 2‐D and 3‐D during the sealing process.
Immune Complexes
Authors: Eggleton Paul , Javed Moazzam , Pulavar David , Sheldon Gemma 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Antigen–antibody complexes are formed when the body's immune system raises antibodies against antigenic determinants of host or foreign substances that recognise and bind to the antigen molecules. Normally, insoluble immune complexes that are formed are cleared by the phagocytic cells of the immune system, but when an excess of antigen–antibody are present, the immune complexes are often deposited in tissues, where they can elicit complement activation, localised inflammation resulting in the generation of tissue lesions in a variety of autoimmune diseases, exacerbating disease pathology. Conversely, exogenous antigen–antibody complexes can trigger specific cell‐mediated immunity when taken up, processed and presented with MHC class I molecules by dendritic cells. This results in direct priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, by a process termed ‘cross‐presentation’. This can be of benefit in the induction of tumour protection and immunity against viral infections. Therefore, the generation of immune complexes can initiate both autoimmunity and protection against tumours and infectious agents.

Key Concepts

IgG and IgM are the two major classes of antibodies involved in immune complex formation.

The Fab region of antibodies can bind to many antigens comprising proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids or lipids.

In the blood circulation, small antigen–antibody complexes form soluble lattices when either antibody or antigen is present in excess.

When antigens and specific antibody are present in equivalent concentrations, large insoluble complexes can form, initiating an inflammatory reaction.

Insoluble immune complexes often deposit in joints and filtration organs (e.g. kidneys), leading to recruitment and activation of complement proteins and phagocytes.

The Fc portion of antibodies can bind to Fc receptors (FcRs) on cells and C1q, activating immune responses.

Tumour antigen–antibody complexes can activate dendritic cell maturation and promote the development of long‐lasting CD8 memory T cells against tumour antigens.

Viral antigens presented to T cells by dendritic cells results in rapid cellular immunity, while antigen–antibody complexes sustain the T‐cell effector memory.
M
ohl,
H
ugo von
Authors: Dröscher Ariane 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872) – German botanist and microscopist – was one of the central figures in the emerging fields of plant anatomy and physiology. His most famous contributions concerned the plant cell, in particular the cell wall and cell division, and the origin of plant vessels from cells. These studies paved the way for cell theory. Moreover, he greatly engaged in the transformation of botany into an inductive science and promoted its institutional autonomy from medicine as well as from philosophy, co‐founding in Tübingen Germany's first faculty of natural sciences.