bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viticultural Zoning: A Comparative Study Regarding the Accuracy of Different Approaches in Vineyards Climate Suitability Assessment
Authors: Irimia L. , Patriche C.V. , Quénol H. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study regarding the mesoclimate suitability assessment of three Romania’s wine-growing centres (Urlaţi-Dealu Mare vineyard, Huşi-Huşi vineyard, Bucium-Iaşi vineyard), by the Huglin’s heliothermal index and by a GIS based multicriteria method. The results are compared between the two types of analysis and with the macroclimate suitability map of Romania’s wine regions, expressed by Huglin’s heliothermal index spatial distribution. The research show that the values of Huglin’s heliothermal index in Romania’s wine regions varies between 2341.48 on the Danube Terraces from the southern limit of the country to lower than 1500 on the intramountainous wine region Transylvania. The prevailing climate class over the Romania’s wine regions is IH-1 that define temperate climate. According to the assessment on Romania’s macroclimate scale by Huglin’s heliothermal index, the three wine-growing centers are characterized by temperate climate (IH-1), that indicate the existence of climate conditions for grapes maturation to Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The assessment on mesoclimate scale by the GIS based multicriteria method reveals a wider variability of local climate than that resulted from macroclimate and mesoclimate analysis by Huglin’s heliothermal index, as follows: the climate of Urlaţi wine-growing center is suitable for quality red wines production; in Huşi wine-growing centre only 16.95% from the area has climate suitable to produce red table wines; the climate of Bucium wine-growing centre is not suitable for red wine production. Comparison with the Romania’s vineyards wine production specialization confirms that the results of multicriteria GIS based evaluation reveal accurate the local climate suitability and demonstrate the need of the fine-scale assessment of vineyard climate in the viticultural zoning.
T Cell–Independent Modulation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in ADAP-Deficient Mice
Authors: Engelmann Swen , Togni Mauro , Thielitz Anja , Reichardt Peter , Kliche Stefanie , Reinhold Dirk , Schraven Burkhart , Reinhold Annegret 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP), expressed in T cells, myeloid cells, and platelets, is known to regulate receptor-mediated inside-out signaling leading to integrin activation and adhesion. In this study, we demonstrate that, upon induction of active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 peptide, ADAP-deficient mice developed a significantly milder clinical course of EAE and showed markedly less inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS than wild-type mice. Moreover, ADAP-deficient recipients failed to induce EAE after adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific TCR-transgenic T cells (2D2 T cells). In addition, ex vivo fully activated 2D2 T cells induced significantly less severe EAE in ADAP-deficient recipients. The ameliorated disease in the absence of ADAP was not due to expansion or deletion of a particular T cell subset but rather because of a strong reduction of all inflammatory leukocyte populations invading the CNS. Monitoring the adoptively transferred 2D2 T cells over time demonstrated that they accumulated within the lymph nodes of ADAP-deficient hosts. Importantly, transfer of complete wild-type bone marrow or even bone marrow of 2D2 TCR–transgenic mice was unable to reconstitute EAE in the ADAP-deficient animals, indicating that the milder EAE was dependent on (a) radio-resistant nonhematopoietic cell population(s). Two-photon microscopy of lymph node explants revealed that adoptively transferred lymphocytes accumulated at lymphatic vessels in the lymph nodes of ADAP-deficient mice. Thus, our data identify a T cell–independent mechanism of EAE modulation in ADAP-deficient mice.
The Jewish Critique of Christianity: In Search of a New Narrative
Authors: Lasker Daniel J. 
Published: October 2013

The old narrative of the Jewish critique of Christianity was simple: Jews criticized Christianity as a reaction to the Christian mission to the Jews; if Christians had not attempted to convince Jews to convert to Christianity, there would have been no reason for Jews to say anything negative about the majority religion. Judaism is a religion of tolerance, at least towards members of other religions, and, therefore, it was not a Jewish concern how Gentiles worshipped. But as medieval Christians tried more and more to convince Jews to convert, Jewish thinkers answered this challenge by developing arguments to be used against Christian doctrines.In light of recent research, this narrative, as comfortable as it might be to Jews, is no longer tenable. Jews criticized Christianity even in the absence of a Christian missionary threat, such as in Muslim countries. Furthermore, not all Christian anti-Jewish polemic should be understood as part of a conversionary campaign. Thus, there is a need for a new narrative to explain the proliferation of Jewish critiques of Christianity. This article discusses the various considerations at play in the search for that new narrative.
Longitudinal (One‐Year) Change in Cartilage Thickness in Knees With Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Within‐Person Between‐Knee Comparison
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Buck Robert , Dreher Don , Wirth Wolfgang , Roemer Frank , Duryea Jeff , Nevitt Michael , Eckstein Felix ,   for the Osteoarthritis Initiative Investigators
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that cartilage displays significant longitudinal thickening in the external subregions of the central medial femur (ecMF) and lateral femur (ecLF) in knees with early radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) compared with contralateral knees without ROA, and to explore differences in change in other subregions and in radiographic joint space width (JSW).MethodsFifty participants (50% women, mean ± SD age 61.1 ± 9.7 years, and mean ± SD body mass index 27.7 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were identified from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort with definite femorotibial osteophytes but no joint space narrowing (JSN) in 1 knee (early ROA), and no osteophytes or JSN in the contralateral knee (non‐ROA). A longitudinal within‐person, between‐knee comparison was performed using measures of subregional cartilage thickness based on analyses of sagittal double‐echo steady‐state magnetic resonance images obtained at baseline and 1 year. Medial JSW was evaluated from fixed‐flexion radiographs.ResultsThe change between baseline and 1 year was −6 ± 94 μm in ecMF and +18 ± 91 μm in ecLF in early ROA (P = 0.78) versus −1 ± 68 μm and +4 ± 76 μm in non‐ROA knees (P = 0.38). The variability of cartilage thickness change tended to be greater in early ROA than in non‐ROA knees. Greater cartilage thickness loss in the lateral tibia and a greater reduction in minimum medial JSW were observed in early ROA versus non‐ROA knees.ConclusionThere was no direct evidence of longitudinal cartilage thickening in external subregions of the central femur in knees with early ROA compared with contralateral non‐ROA knees. The observed greater variability in longitudinal thickness change in early ROA knees (but not in non‐ROA knees) might be due to cartilage thickening and thinning occurring simultaneously in these knees.
Distinct Trajectories of Disease Activity Over the First Year in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Following a Treat‐to‐Target Strategy
Authors: Siemons Liseth , ten Klooster Peter M. , Vonkeman Harald E. , Glas Cees A. W. , van de Laar Mart A. F. J. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveAlthough treat‐to‐target (T2T) strategies are effective in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, important individual variations exist in the course toward remission. Growth mixture modeling provides more insight into this heterogeneity by identifying subgroups of patients with similar response patterns. This study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of disease activity in early RA patients following a T2T strategy during their first year.MethodsData on various clinical and patient‐reported measures were collected from the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring remission induction cohort. Growth mixture modeling was applied to examine the impact of T2T on subgroups characterized by different types of growth trajectories, as measured with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints.ResultsThree distinct trajectories of disease activity were found. The normative trajectory contained most patients (82.6%), showing a quickly decreasing disease activity that stabilized at remission after 9 months. This group performed best on clinical and patient‐reported measures over time and were more likely to be men. A smaller group (14.1%) also approached remission, but demonstrated a slower response to treatment. Finally, a minority (3.3%) showed no improvement after 1 year, despite an initial quick decrease in disease activity during the first months of treatment.ConclusionDisease activity in early RA patients during the first year of a T2T strategy does not follow a linear pattern, nor is a single developmental trajectory applicable to all patients. Future studies should attempt to identify more specific risk factors for poor outcome to enable early identification of patients in need of alternative therapeutic approaches.
Diagnostic Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography of Temporal Arteries and Large Vessels in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: Diamantopoulos Andreas P. , Haugeberg Glenn , Hetland Helene , Soldal Dag M. , Bie Rolf , Myklebust Geirmund 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveColor Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) can detect inflammation in the vessel wall. No studies have evaluated the examination of the common carotid artery by CDUS in the diagnostics of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Our aim was to evaluate the combination of CDUS examination of the temporal, axillary, and common carotid arteries in the diagnosis of GCA.MethodsPatients ages ≥50 years who were referred to our department between April 2010 and October 2012 and suspected to have GCA were consecutively examined. A positive clinical evaluation for GCA 6 months after the first evaluation by 3 rheumatologists was considered as the gold diagnostic standard. All patients underwent CDUS of the temporal, axillary, and common carotid arteries. A biopsy of the temporal artery was performed for most patients.ResultsA total of 88 patients were assessed. Forty‐six patients were diagnosed to have GCA by the defined gold standard. Forty‐eight patients had a positive CDUS of the temporal artery. Forty‐six patients diagnosed with GCA had a positive CDUS of the temporal, common carotid, and axillary arteries (100% sensitivity) and 4 patients had a positive CDUS without having GCA (91% specificity). Among the 39 GCA patients that underwent a biopsy, vasculitis was observed in 26 patients (66%), yielding a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 95%.ConclusionCDUS of the common carotid, axillary, and temporal arteries had an excellent sensitivity and high specificity to diagnose GCA. CDUS has the potential to replace biopsy in ordinary clinical care without compromising on sensitivity and specificity.
Catalytic Cyanation of Carbon‐Carbon Triple Bonds Through a Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling Reaction under Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction through cyanation of a carbon‐carbon triple bond is described. A nickel(0) complex effectively catalyzes a sequential coupling reaction between allenes, alkynes and hydrogen cyanide from acetone cyanohydrin in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective fashion. The trigger for this reaction is hydronickelation to allenes. The initial hydride attack predominantly occurs at the central carbon of the allene to give a π‐allylnickel(II) species. Subsequent syn‐carbometalation connects a β‐carbon of alkynoates and a less‐hindered carbon of the allylnickel(II) species, and the corresponding cyanoalkenes are obtained as a single stereoisomer without any another organometallic reagents as a coupling partner.magnified image
Three‐dimensional volumetric computed tomographic scoring as an objective outcome measure for chronic rhinosinusitis: clinical correlations and comparison to Lund‐Mackay scoring
Authors: Pallanch John F. , Yu Lifeng , Delone David , Robb Rich , Holmes David R. , Camp Jon , Edwards Phil , McCollough Cynthia H. , Ponikau Jens , Dearking Amy C. , Lane John , Primak Andrew , Shinkle Aaron , Hagan John , Frigas Evangelo , Ocel Joseph J. , Tombers Nicole , Siwani Rizwan , Orme Nicholas M. , Reed Kurtis B. , Jerath Nivedita , Dhillon Robinder , Kita Hirohito 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundWe aimed to test the hypothesis that three‐dimensional (3D) volume‐based scoring of computed tomography (CT) images of the paranasal sinuses was superior to Lund‐Mackay CT scoring of disease severity in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We determined correlation between changes in CT scores (using each scoring system) with changes in other measures of disease severity (symptoms, endoscopic scoring, and quality of life) in patients with CRS treated with triamcinolone.MethodsThe study group comprised 48 adult subjects with CRS. Baseline symptoms and quality of life were assessed. Endoscopy and CT scans were performed. Patients received a single systemic dose of intramuscular triamcinolone and were reevaluated 1 month later. Strengths of the correlations between changes in CT scores and changes in CRS signs and symptoms and quality of life were determined.ResultsWe observed some variability in degree of improvement for the different symptom, endoscopic, and quality‐of‐life parameters after treatment. Improvement of parameters was significantly correlated with improvement in CT disease score using both CT scoring methods. However, volumetric CT scoring had greater correlation with these parameters than Lund‐Mackay scoring.ConclusionVolumetric scoring exhibited higher degree of correlation than Lund‐Mackay scoring when comparing improvement in CT score with improvement in score for symptoms, endoscopic exam, and quality of life in this group of patients who received beneficial medical treatment for CRS.
The impact of culturable bacterial community on histopathology in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rom Darren , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Sacks Peta‐Lee , Dalgorf Dustin , Pratt Eleanor , Earls Peter , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe influence of the microbial community on inflammatory subtype in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been proposed. Superantigen mechanisms potentially create a T helper 2 (Th‐2)/eosinophilic dominated inflammation as a product of local flora rather than an intrinsic mucosal process. The associations between culturable bacteria and the histopathology and clinical features of CRS patients are described.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving patients with CRS undergoing surgery was undertaken. Middle meatal swabs were performed at surgery for microbiological evaluation. Mucosal biopsies were taken and a blinded histopathological profile was performed. Disease specific quality of life and nasal symptom scores were recorded. The presence of culturable organisms and particular pathogens were compared with histopathology and clinical outcomes.ResultsA total of 95 patients were assessed (48.4% female, mean age 45.6 ± 14.0 years), of which 47.3% had a culturable organism. Tissue eosinophilia (>10/high‐power field [HPF]) was found in 46.1% of these patients and 30.3% had neutrophilic infiltrate, with the presence of neither Gram‐positive organisms, Gram‐negative organisms, nor species correlating to pathology subtype. A culturable pathogen was a predictor of subepithelial fibrosis (χ2 = 6.36, p = 0.04) and Gram‐negative bacteria had the strongest association (χ2 = 18.82, p < 0.01). There were no other significant associations with other clinical outcomes.ConclusionThe culturable bacterial community has little impact on histopathology in CRS. While more sensitive tests may detect bacteria in the sinuses, the impact of the simple “culturable” bacteria on the underlying pathologic process is limited. Changes, such as subepithelial fibrosis, suggest colonization may lead to undesirable local mucosal damage and remodeling.
Does receiving an American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts grant influence career path and scholarly impact among fellowship‐trained rhinologists?
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Svider Peter F. , Setzen Michael , Baredes Soly , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundTo determine whether American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO‐HNSF) Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts (CORE) grants influence career paths and scholarly impact of fellowship‐trained rhinologists, and whether funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and CORE programs is associated with increased scholarly impact among rhinologists. Another aim was to explore whether obtaining CORE grant funding is associated with NIH award acquisition.MethodsPractice setting, academic rank, and fellowship‐training status were determined for individuals in the CORE grant database. The h‐index and publication experience of practitioners was calculated using the Scopus database. Faculty listings were used to determine this data for a non‐CORE‐grants‐funded “control” group of academic rhinologists. Active and past NIH funding was obtained using the NIH RePORTER database.ResultsFifteen of 26 (57.7%) fellowship‐trained rhinologists receiving CORE grants were funded for rhinologic projects. Five of 6 rhinologists receiving NIH funding had a CORE‐grants‐funding history. Twenty‐two of 26 (84.6%) rhinologists receiving CORE funding are currently in academic practice. Academic rhinologists receiving CORE or NIH funding had higher h‐indices, a result reaching significance among promoted faculty and those with greater than 10 years of publication experience.ConclusionEncouraging the pursuit of CORE grants among junior faculty as well as trainees interested in rhinology may be a strategy for developing highly effective research habits that pay dividends after the first few years of one's career. Fellowship‐trained rhinologists with a CORE funding history predominantly pursue careers in academic medicine, although their CORE projects are not necessarily related to rhinologic topics.
Katalytische Funktionalisierung von C(sp2)‐H‐ und C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen unter Verwendung von zweizähnigen dirigierenden Gruppen
Authors: Rouquet Guy , Chatani Naoto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractC‐H‐Bindungen sind in organischen Verbindungen allgegenwärtig. Daher erscheint die direkte Funktionalisierung von Substraten durch Aktivierung von C‐H‐Bindungen als eine gute Strategie, weil so die Herstellung funktionalisierter Ausgangsstoffe vermieden werden kann. Wichtig ist hierbei der Aspekt der Regioselektivität, da organische Moleküle viele C‐H‐Bindungen enthalten können. Erzielt werden kann eine solche Regiokontrolle durch die Verwendung einer dirigierenden Gruppe, die den Katalysator in unmittelbare Nähe zur umzusetzenden C‐H‐Bindung bringt. Viele funktionelle Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich der Verwendung als dirigierende Gruppen bei der Umwandlung von C‐H‐Bindungen getestet. 2005 berichteten Daugulis et al. über die Arylierung von nicht‐aktivierten C(sp3)‐H‐Bindungen mit 8‐Aminochinolin und Picolinamid als zweizähnigen dirigierenden Gruppen in Gegenwart von Pd(OAc)2 als Katalysator. Basierend auf diesem Befund wurde seitdem eine Reihe von C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen unter Verwendung von Systemen zweizähniger dirigierender Gruppen entwickelt. In diesem Aufsatz werden die jüngsten Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet erörtert.
Thermoplastic elastomers based on high‐density polyethylene, ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer, and ground tire rubber dynamically vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide
Authors: Céspedes Rosa Idalia Narro , Gámez José Francisco Hernández , Velázquez María Guadalupe Neira , Belmontes Felipe Ávalos , de León Ramón Enrique Díaz , Fernández Oliverio Santiago Rodríguez , Orta Carlos Alberto Ávila , Hernández Ernesto Hernández 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM), and ground tire rubber (GTR) were dynamically vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The polymer blend was composed of 40% HDPE, 30% EPDM, and 30% GTR, and the concentration of DCP was varied from 0.3 to 3.6 parts per hundred rubber (phr). The properties of the TPVs were determined by evaluation of the gel fraction content and the mechanical properties. In addition, IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed as a function of the DCP content. Decreases in the Young's modulus of the blends and the crystallinity of HDPE were observed when the content of DCP was greater than 1.8 phr. The results regarding the gel content indicate that the presence of DCP promoted the crosslinking of the thermoplastic matrix, and optimal properties were obtained with 1.5% DCP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39901.
Polymer electrolyte membranes based on blends of sulfonated polysulfone and PEO‐grafted polyethersulfone for low temperature water electrolysis
Authors: Deimede Valadoula , Labou Diamadoula , Neophytides Stylianos G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer electrolyte membranes based on blends consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) grafted polyether sulfone (PES‐g‐PEO) and sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF(Na)) are prepared and their electrochemical and mechanical properties are investigated with respect to water electrolysis operation. The prepared blends are amorphous; they exhibit high glass transition temperatures and high thermal stability, thus ensuring the dimensional stability under electrolysis cell operation. Because of the presence of the water soluble constituent PES‐g‐PEO, the prepared blend membranes show very high water uptakes, reaching up to 370 wt %. Membrane electrode assemblies are fabricated and evaluated in single cells demonstrating that proton conductivity depends on the PEO‐g‐PES content as well as the PEO molecular weight. Namely, the increased concentration of PES‐g‐PEO leads to increased number of charge carriers, thus result in enhanced ionic conductivity. The use of longer PEO units (MW 5000), due to their improved chain mobility, facilitates the fast proton conduction as well. The maximum proton conductivity value is achieved (1.4 × 10−2 S cm−1, 80°C) for the blend with the higher PEO‐g‐PES content (20 wt %) and the higher PEO molecular weight (5000). Under electrolysis cell operation, the above‐mentioned membrane with the lower ohmic resistance shows the best performance, although it is still poor mainly due to the use of Pt as anode. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39922.