bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in theory of plastic mechanism control: closed form solution for MR‐Frames
Authors: Montuori Rosario , Nastri Elide , Piluso Vincenzo 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIn this paper new advances in the application of ‘Theory of Plastic Mechanism Control’ (TPMC) are presented. TPMC is aimed at the design of structures assuring a collapse mechanism of global type. The theory has been developed in the nineties with reference to moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) and progressively extended to all the main structural typologies commonly adopted as seismic‐resistant structural systems. In particular, the outcome of the theory is the sum of the plastic moments of the columns required, at each storey, to prevent undesired failure modes, i.e. partial mechanisms and soft‐storey mechanisms. The theory is used to provide the design conditions to be satisfied, in the form of a set of inequalities where the unknowns are constituted by the column plastic moments. This set of inequalities was originally solved by means of an algorithm requiring an iterative procedure. The advances presented in this paper are constituted by the identification of a ‘closed form solution’ and by the use of TPMC in a more systematic design approach. This result is very important, because the practical application of TPMC can now be carried out even with very simple hand calculations. The practical application of TPMC is herein presented with reference to the design of a multi‐storey frame whose pattern of yielding is validated by means of both push‐over analysis and incremental dynamic analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and accurate algebraic interface capturing method for unstructured grids in 2 and 3 dimensions: The THINC method with quadratic surface representation
Authors: Xie B. , Ii S. , Xiao F. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYWe present in this paper an efficient and accurate volume of fluid (VOF) type scheme to compute moving interfaces on unstructured grids with arbitrary quadrilateral mesh elements in 2D and hexahedral elements in 3D. Being an extension of the multi‐dimensional tangent of hyperbola interface capturing (THINC) reconstruction proposed by the authors in Cartesian grid, an algebraic VOF scheme is devised for arbitrary quadrilateral and hexahedral elements. The interface is cell‐wisely approximated by a quadratic surface, which substantially improves the numerical accuracy. The same as the other THINC type schemes, the present method does not require the explicit geometric representation of the interface when computing numerical fluxes and thus is very computationally efficient and straightforward in implementation. The proposed scheme has been verified by benchmark tests, which reveal that this scheme is able to produce high‐quality numerical solutions of moving interfaces in unstructured grids and thus a practical method for interfacial multi‐phase flow simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Conventional Electrochemical Techniques for Assembly of Electrodes on Glassy Carbon‐Like PPF Materials and Their Use in a Glucose Microfluidic Fuel‐Cell
Authors: Dector A. , Arjona N. , Guerra‐Balcázar M. , Esquivel J. P. , Campo F. J. Del , Sabaté N. , Ledesma‐García J. , Arriaga L. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses the electrochemical growth of PtAg and Au nanoparticles on pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs). The PtAg/PPF electrode was evaluated toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the absence and presence of glucose; meanwhile the electrocatalytic activity of Au/PPF was investigated for the glucose electrooxidation reaction (GOR) in 0.3 M KOH in the absence and presence of air as an oxygen source. The results obtained using the electrochemical studies showed that the PtAg/PPF electrode exhibited tolerance toward the ORR in the presence of low glucose concentrations. Moreover, Au/PPF showed good affinity toward glucose oxidation at high concentrations (50 and 100 mM) in the presence of oxygen instead further oxidations of glucose by‐products. Both electrocatalysts were evaluated as the cathode (PtAg/PPF) and the anode (Au/PPF) in a glucose microfluidic fuel cell (G‐μFC) constructed using a UV‐lithography technique and several sheets of different polymeric materials. The G‐μFC was tested using 100 mM glucose with 0.3 M KOH as electrolyte in the absence of an external source of nitrogen or oxygen as the fuel at zero flow rate; this cell reached a maximum power density of 0.085 mW cm−2 using a low Pt loading (approximately 20% of weight percentage) mixed with non‐noble materials, such as Ag.
Two New Dammarane‐Type Triterpenoid Saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Shi Lin , Tan De‐Hong , Liu Yun‐En , Hou Ming‐Xiao , Zhao Yu‐Qing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo new dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the EtOH extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. Their structural elucidations were accomplished mainly on the basis of the interpretation of spectroscopic data, such as IR, NMR, and HR‐TOF‐MS. Their liver fibrosis inhibitory activities were evaluated against hepatic stellate cells using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Thus, G. pentaphyllum can be used as ingredient for ancillary drugs or functional food.
Biosynthesis of Bromoroquefortines in a High Saline Medium by Penicillium chrysogenum, a Terrestrial Endophyte Collected from Coffea arabica
Authors: da Silva José Vinicius , Fill Taicia Pacheco , Lotufo Letícia Veras , do Ó. Pessoa Cláudia , Rodrigues‐Filho Edson 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRoquefortine C (1) and 11‐bromoroquefortine C (4) were isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum, an endophyte obtained from green leaves of Coffea arabica, during induction experiments by adding halide salts to the culture media. In our studies, 11‐bromoroquefortine D and 11‐bromo‐17‐hydroxybromoroquefortine C were identified by LC/HR‐MS. It is the first time that bromoroquefortine C and D are described as halogenated natural products. These halo alkaloids were shown to be biosynthesized from brominated tryptophan as the biosynthetic precursor. Cytotoxic and antibiotic assays using roquefortine C and 11‐bromoroquefortine C showed that the presence of the 11‐Br substituent impairs some biological activities of this alkaloid.
An Approach to the Synthesis of Spiro[indene‐pyridoisoquinoline] Derivatives via 1,4‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Isoquinoline and Acetylene Esters, and (1,3‐Dihydro‐1,3‐dioxo‐2H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)malononitrile
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Sadeghi Vahideh , Bayat Fahimeh , Zhu Long‐Guan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA concise and efficient approach to the spiro‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives has been developed by 1,4‐dipolar cycloaddition of zwitterions resulting from isoquinoline and acetylene esters and (1,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐dioxo‐2H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)malononitrile in MeCN at room temperature. The significance of this method lies in good yields and ease of product purification, and no inert atmosphere is required. The structures of the products were confirmed spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this reaction is proposed (Scheme).
Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata
Authors: Ying You‐Min , Liu Xiao‐Sa , Tong Cui‐Ping , Wang Jian‐Wei , Zhan Zha‐Jun , Shan Wei‐Guang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree new lycopodium alkaloids, huperserramines A–C (1–3, resp.), along with 15 known ones, lycopodine‐6α,11α‐diol (4), lycoposerramine H (5), lycoposerramine I (6), lycopodine‐6α‐ol (7), lycoposerramine M (8), diphaladine A (9), lycoposerramine K (10), lycoposerramine W (11), huperzine M (12), luciduline (13), phlegmariuine N (14), huperzine A (15), huperzine B (16), lycodine (17), and lycoposerramine R (18), were isolated from the whole plant of Huperzia serrata. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR and MS analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α‐glucosidase. As a result, lycopodine‐6α,11α‐diol (4) exhibited more potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 148±5.5 μM) than the positive control acarbose (IC50 376.3±2.7 μM).
Soil property variation mapping through data mining of soil category maps
Authors: Du Fei , Zhu A‐Xing , Band Lawrence , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSpatial information on soil properties is an important input to hydrological models. In current hydrological modelling practices, soil property information is often derived from soil category maps by the linking method in which a representative soil property value is linked to each soil polygon. Limited by the area‐class nature of soil category maps, the derived soil property variation is discontinuous and less detailed than high resolution digital terrain or remote sensing data. This research proposed dmSoil, a data‐mining‐based approach to derive continuous and spatially detailed soil property information from soil category maps. First, the soil–environment relationships are extracted through data mining of a soil map. The similarity of the soil at each location to different soil types in the soil map is then estimated using the mined relationships. Prediction of soil property values at each location is made by combining the similarities of the soil at that location to different soil types and the representative soil property values of these soil types. The new approach was applied in the Raffelson Watershed and Pleasant Valley in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, United States to map soil A horizon texture (in both areas) and depth to soil C horizon (in Pleasant Valley). The property maps from the dmSoil approach capture the spatial gradation and details of soil properties better than those from the linking method. The new approach also shows consistent accuracy improvement at validation points. In addition to the improved performances, the inputs for the dmSoil approach are easy to prepare, and the approach itself is simple to deploy. It provides an effective way to derive better soil property information from soil category maps for hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐functional heparin–biotin/heparin/calcium carbonate/calcium phosphate nanoparticles for targeted co‐delivery of gene and drug
Authors: Liang Ping , Wang Chao‐Qun , Chen Hong , Zhuo Ren‐Xi , Cheng Si‐Xue 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA facile strategy for the fabrication of multi‐functional polymer/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for efficient gene and drug co‐delivery was developed. A therapeutic gene (p53 plasmid) and a chemotherapy drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) were co‐loaded simultaneously in hybrid nanoparticles during co‐precipitation with high encapsulation efficiency. The prepared heparin–biotin/heparin/CaCO3/calcium phosphate/DNA/DOX (HPB/HP/CaCO3/CaP/DNA/DOX) nanoparticles exhibited pH sensitivity and tumor‐targeting property due to the presence of the CaCO3/CaP inorganic component and biotin moiety in the polymer chain, respectively. For comparison, HPB/HP/CaCO3/CaP/DOX hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery were also fabricated. The cell inhibition effects of different nanoparticles on HeLa cells were evaluated using methylthiazole tetrazolium assay. In vitro study indicated that the gene and drug co‐delivery system (HPB/HP/CaCO3/CaP/DNA/DOX) showed a stronger cell growth inhibition effect as compared with the drug delivery system (HPB/HP/CaCO3/CaP/DOX), indicating that HPB/HP/CaCO3/CaP/DNA/DOX hybrid nanoparticles could effectively mediate gene transfection and deliver the drug. The hybrid nanoparticles with good biocompatibility have great promise for gene and drug co‐delivery. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic covalent polypeptides showing tunable secondary structures and thermoresponsiveness
Authors: Yan Jiatao , Liu Kun , Zhang Xiuqiang , Li Wen , Zhang Afang 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTLysine‐based polypeptides can be afforded with steerable secondary structures and tunable thermoresponsiveness through dynamic covalent OEGylation. These polypeptides were formed through dynamic imine linkage via reactions of amino moieties from poly(l‐lysine)s with aldehydes from oligoethylene glycol (OEG)‐based dendrons. In addition to solution concentrations and pH values, macromolecular effect was found to play an important role on the imine formation. OEGylated polypeptides showed characteristic thermoresponsive properties, and their phase transition temperatures were governed predominately by terminal groups and the coverage of OEG dendrons. Notably, thermally induced aggregation would enhance the imine formation even at elevated temperature. In contrast to the covalent polypeptide representatives, the dynamic covalent polypeptides conveyed different thermoresponsiveness due to imine linkages, and their phase transition temperatures could be tuned simply by varying ratios of OEG dendrons with different hydrophilicity. Furthermore, helical conformation of these polypeptides was enhanced with attachment of OEG dendrons, and could be reversibly switched through thermally induced aggregation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 33–41
Laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry imaging of phytochemicals from sage leaves
Authors: Vaikkinen Anu , Shrestha Bindesh , Koivisto Juha , Kostiainen Risto , Vertes Akos , Kauppila Tiina J. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEDespite fast advances in ambient mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), the study of neutral and nonpolar compounds directly from biological matrices remains challenging. In this contribution, we explore the feasibility of laser ablation atmospheric pressure photoionization (LAAPPI) for MSI of phytochemicals in sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves.METHODSSage leaves were studied by LAAPPI‐time‐of‐flight (TOF)‐MSI without any sample preparation. Leaf mass spectra were also recorded with laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry and the spectra were compared with those obtained by LAAPPI.RESULTSDirect probing of the plant tissue by LAAPPI efficiently produced ions from plant metabolites, including neutral and nonpolar terpenes that do not have polar functional groups, as well as oxygenated terpene derivatives. Monoterpenes and monoterpenoids could also be studied from sage by LAESI, but only LAAPPI was able to detect larger nonpolar compounds, such as sesquiterpenes and triterpenoid derivatives, from the leaf matrix. Alternative MSI methods for nonpolar compounds, such as desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), do not achieve as good spatial resolution as LAAPPI (<400 µm).CONCLUSIONSWe show that MSI with LAAPPI is a useful tool for concurrently studying the distribution of polar and nonpolar compounds, such as phytochemicals, directly from complex biological samples, and it can provide information that is not available by other, established methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of contamination and pre‐treatment on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of charred plant remains
Authors: Vaiglova Petra , Snoeck Christophe , Nitsch Erika , Bogaard Amy , Lee‐Thorp Julia 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEStable isotope analysis of archaeological charred plants has become a useful tool for interpreting past agricultural practices and refining ancient dietary reconstruction. Charred material that lay buried in soil for millennia, however, is susceptible to various kinds of contamination, whose impact on the grain/seed isotopic composition is poorly understood. Pre‐treatment protocols have been adapted in distinct forms from radiocarbon dating, but insufficient research has been carried out on evaluating their effectiveness and necessity for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis.METHODSThe effects of previously used pre‐treatment protocols on the isotopic composition of archaeological and modern sets of samples were investigated. An archaeological sample was also artificially contaminated with carbonates, nitrates and humic acid and subjected to treatment aimed at removing the introduced contamination. The presence and removal of the contamination were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and δ13C and δ15N values.RESULTSThe results show a ca 1‰ decrease in the δ15N values of archaeological charred plant material caused by harsh acid treatments and ultra‐sonication. This change is interpreted as being caused by mechanical distortion of the grains/seeds rather than by the removal of contamination. Furthermore, specific infrared peaks have been identified that can be used to detect the three types of contaminants studied. We argue that it is not necessary to try to remove humic acid contamination for stable isotope analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of crushing the grains/seeds before pre‐treatment are discussed.CONCLUSIONSWe recommend the use of an acid‐only procedure (0.5 M HCl for 30 min at 80°C followed by three rinses in distilled water) for cleaning charred plant remains. This study fills an important gap in plant stable isotope research that will enable future researchers to evaluate potential sources of isotopic change and pre‐treat their samples with methods that have been demonstrated to be effective. © 2014 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Nitrate isotopic composition reveals nitrogen deposition and transformation dynamics along the canopy–soil continuum of a suburban forest in Japan
Authors: Shi Jun , Ohte Nobuhito , Tokuchi Naoko , Imamura Naohiro , Nagayama Miyuki , Oda Tomoki , Suzuki Masakazu 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEHeavy nitrogen (N) deposition often causes high nitrate (NO3–) accumulation in soils in temperate forested ecosystems. To clarify the sources and production pathways of this NO3–, we investigated NO3– isotope signatures in deposition processes along the canopy–soil continuum of a suburban forest in Japan.METHODSThe stable isotopes of N and oxygen (O) were used to trace the source and transformation dynamics of nitrate (NO3–) in two forest stands: a plantation of Cryptomeria japonica (coniferous tree; CJ) and a natural secondary forest of Quercus acutissima (broadleaf, deciduous tree; QA). The NO3– and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were measured, as well as the δ15N and δ18O values of NO3–, in rainfall, throughfall, stem flow, litter layer water, and soil water (10, 30, and 70 cm depths).RESULTSSeasonal variations were observed in the δ15N values of throughfall and stem flow NO3– at both sites, and in the δ18O values of throughfall and stem flow NO3– at the QA site. The range in the δ18O values of rainfall and throughfall NO3– was large (65–70‰) but decreased dramatically to 2–5‰ in soil water at both sites. At the QA site, the δ18O values of stem flow NO3– decreased to 40‰ during several rain events, especially in the growing season.CONCLUSIONSNO3– from atmospheric deposition was replaced by microbially generated NO3– mainly in the organic horizon and surface portion of the mineral soil under excess N deposition in this suburban forest. Microbial activity, including both immobilization and nitrification in organic‐rich horizons near the surface, contributed to incorporating atmospheric NO3– quickly into the internal microbial N cycle. We also found evidence of microbial nitrification in the canopy of the QA stand during the growing season. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel high‐temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples. II: optimization and assessment of analytical performance
Authors: Kirkels F. M. S. A. , Cerli C. , Federherr E. , Gao J. , Kalbitz K. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEDissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in carbon cycling, making precise and routine measurement of δ13C values and DOC concentration highly desirable. A new promising system has been developed for this purpose. However, broad‐scale application of this new technique requires an in‐depth assessment of analytical performance, and this is described here.METHODSA high‐temperature combustion Total Organic Carbon analyzer was interfaced with continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TOC/IRMS) for the simultaneous analysis of the bulk DOC concentration and δ13C signature. The analytical performance (precision, memory effects, linearity, volume/concentration effects, accuracy) was thoroughly evaluated, including realistic and challenging conditions such as low DOC concentrations and natural DOC.RESULTSHigh precision (standard deviation, SD predominantly ≤0.15 ‰) and accuracy (R2 = 0.9997) were achieved for the δ13C analysis of a broad diversity of DOC solutions. Simultaneously, good results were obtained for the measurement of DOC concentration. Assessment of natural abundance and slightly 13C‐enriched DOC, a wide range of concentrations (~0.2–150 mgC/L) and injection volumes (0.05–3 mL), demonstrated minor/negligible memory effects, good linearity and flexible usage. Finally, TOC/IRMS was successfully applied to determine low DOC concentrations (<2 mgC/L) and DOC from diverse terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments (SD ≤0.23 ‰).CONCLUSIONSTOC/IRMS enables fast and reliable measurement of DOC concentrations and δ13C values in aqueous samples, without pre‐concentration and freeze‐drying. Further investigations should focus on complex, saline matrices and very low DOC concentrations, to achieve a potential lower limit of 0.2 mgC/L. Thus, TOC/IRMS will give DOC research in terrestrial and aquatic environments a huge impulse with high‐resolution, routine δ13C analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated interceptor guidance and control with prescribed performance
Authors: Song Haitao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Guoliang , Lu Changjie 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRobustness and transient performance are the key performance indexes of the integrated interceptor guidance and control. However, these two performances have not yet been guaranteed comprehensively before. In this paper, a robust integrated interceptor guidance and autopilot controller is presented with prescribed steady state and transient performances of interception. On the basis of the dynamic surface control technique, the robustness of the proposed controller is improved by signal compensation. By utilizing the prescribed performance control theory, the transformed system of original integrated guidance and control model is stabilized to guarantee the prescribed performance of interception. It is proven that the stability of the transformed system is obtained by the loose selection of controller parameters, and therefore, the system robustness has been improved. Simulation results are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lattice‐based obfuscation for re‐encryption functions
Authors: Cheng Rong , Zhang Fangguo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProgram obfuscation is a compiler that transfers a program into an unintelligible form while preserving the original functionality. Secure obfuscation for several particular function families has been raised out despite the general impossibility result presented by Barak et al. Re‐encryption function is a useful primitive, which transforms ciphertexts for one party into ciphertexts under another party's public key. Hohenberger et al. constructed a special re‐encryption function and securely obfuscated it in TCC'07, and the security is based on classical hardness assumption. In this paper, we construct a new re‐encryption function and securely obfuscate it based on the standard learning with error (LWE) assumption. LWE is proved to be reducible to standard lattice problems, which are conjectured immune to quantum cryptanalysis or ‘post‐quantum’. Besides, we discuss about the relations between these two cryptographic primitives in detail: proxy re‐encryption and obfuscation for re‐encryption functions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.