bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine H1 antagonist levocetirizine as a potential cause of lung injury
Authors: Endo Satoshi , Yamamoto Yasushi , Minami Yoshinori , Okumura Shunsuke , Sasaki Takaaki , Ohsaki Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHistamine H1 antagonists rarely cause drug‐induced lung injury (DLI). A woman in her 60s, who had been taking antihistaminic levocetirizine for 2 months, presented with progressive cough and shortness of breath. A chest radiograph showed patchy infiltrations on both lower lung fields. Chest computed tomography findings were consistent with non‐specific interstitial pneumonia. Serum markers associated with interstitial pneumonias were elevated. Room air arterial blood gas analysis revealed hypoxemia. Restrictive ventilatory impairment was noted with reduced diffusing capacity. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens demonstrated unclassifiable alveolitis. Steroid pulse therapy was introduced for respiratory distress, but the initial response to treatment was poor. A drug lymphocyte stimulation test was positive for levocetirizine. The interstitial pneumonia improved following withdrawal of levocetirizine. Her illness has not recurred under steroid therapy and the discontinuation of levocetirizine. Antihistaminics may have a potential risk of DLI.
Association between ICS POP‐Q coordinates and translabial ultrasound findings: implications for definition of ‘normal pelvic organ support’
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Kamisan Atan I. , Salita A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesFemale pelvic organ prolapse is quantified on clinical examination using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system of the International Continence Society (ICS POP‐Q). Pelvic organ descent on ultrasound is strongly associated with symptoms of prolapse, but associations between clinical and ultrasound findings remain unclear. This study was designed to compare clinical examination and imaging findings, especially regarding cut‐offs for the distinction between normal pelvic organ support and prolapse.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using 839 archived datasets of women referred to a tertiary urogynecological center for symptoms of lower urinary tract and pelvic floor dysfunction between June 2011 and May 2013. The main outcome measures were the maximum downward displacement of the anterior vaginal wall (point Ba), the cervix (point C) and the posterior vaginal wall (point Bp), the length of the genital hiatus (Gh) and the length of the perineal body (Pb), as defined by the ICS POP‐Q; explanatory parameters were measures of pelvic organ descent on translabial ultrasound, ascertained by offline volume data analysis at a later date, by an operator blinded to all other data.ResultsFull datasets were available for 825 women. On clinical examination, 646 (78.3%) were found to have prolapse of at least POP‐Q Stage 2. All coordinates on clinical examination were strongly associated with the ultrasound measurements of pelvic organ descent (P < 0.001). These relationships were almost linear, especially for the anterior compartment.ConclusionsThere is a near linear relationship between sonographic and clinical measures of prolapse. Previously proposed cut‐offs to define ‘significant prolapse’ on ultrasound and POP‐Q (Ba ≥ –0.5 and cystocele ≥ 10 mm below the symphysis pubis, C ≥ –5 and uterine position of 15 mm above the symphysis pubis, Bp ≥ –0.5 and rectocele ≥ 15 mm below the symphysis pubis) are plausible and mutually consistent. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Get the Message: Targeting Beliefs to Develop Risk Reduction Intervention Messages for African American Adolescents
Authors: Carmack Chakema , Lewis Rhonda K. , Roncancio Angelica 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRisk reduction interventions that promote condom use, a vital component of most HIV prevention interventions, have been successful in increasing condom use among African American adolescents. Understanding theoretical components that lead to behavior change and selecting relevant risk reduction messages remain important considerations for targeting new interventions and tailoring existing interventions. The present study sought to (1) identify the most important theoretical determinants of condom use intention in African American adolescent males and females, separately, using the integrative model of behavior prediction, and (2) identify underlying beliefs within the determinants that were good candidates for message development in similar interventions. Using 446 African American adolescents, multi‐group SEM indicated that the gender‐specific IM exhibited a better fit than the overall model. Specifically, the IM had a stronger capacity for predicting condom use intention and condom use behavior for adolescent boys. Using a specific criteria for message selection, specific condom use beliefs were discussed as potential candidate messages for both African American males and females.
Genetic basis of alpha‐aminoadipic and alpha‐ketoadipic aciduria
Authors: Hagen Jacob , te Brinke Heleen , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Knegt Alida C. , Oussoren Esmee , Hoogeboom A. Jeannette M. , Ruijter George J. G. , Becker Daniel , Schwab Karl Otfried , Franke Ingo , Duran Marinus , Waterham Hans R. , Sass Jörn Oliver , Houten Sander M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlpha‐aminoadipic and alpha‐ketoadipic aciduria is an autosomal recessive inborn error of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan degradation. To date, DHTKD1 mutations have been reported in two alpha‐aminoadipic and alpha‐ketoadipic aciduria patients. We have now sequenced DHTKD1 in nine patients diagnosed with alpha‐aminoadipic and alpha‐ketoadipic aciduria as well as one patient with isolated alpha‐aminoadipic aciduria, and identified causal mutations in eight. We report nine novel mutations, including three missense mutations, two nonsense mutations, two splice donor mutations, one duplication, and one deletion and insertion. Two missense mutations, one of which was reported before, were observed in the majority of cases. The clinical presentation of this group of patients was inhomogeneous. Our results confirm that alpha‐aminoadipic and alpha‐ketoadipic aciduria is caused by mutations in DHTKD1, and further establish that DHTKD1 encodes the E1 subunit of the alpha‐ketoadipic acid dehydrogenase complex.
Old treatments for new insights and strategies: proposed management in adults and children with alkaptonuria
Authors: Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Le Quan Sang Kim‐Hanh , Brassier Anais , Grisel Coraline , Servais Aude , Wippf Julien , Dubois Sandrine , Sireau Nicolas , Job‐Deslandre Chantal , Ranganath Lakshminarayan , de Lonlay Pascale 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlkaptonuria (AKU) is caused by deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase. It results in an accumulation of homogentisate which oxidizes spontaneously to benzoquinone acetate, a highly oxidant compound, which polymerises to a melanin‐like structure, in a process called ochronosis. Asymptomatic during childhood, this accumulation will lead from the second decade of life to a progressive and severe spondylo‐arthopathy, associated with multisystem involvement: osteoporosis/fractures, stones (renal, prostatic, gall bladder, salivary glands), ruptures of tendons/muscle/ligaments, renal failure and aortic valve disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of AKU remain poorly understood, but recent advances lead us to reconsider the treatment strategy in AKU patients. Besides the supporting therapies (pain killers, anti‐inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, joints replacements and others), specific therapies have been considered (anti‐oxidant, low protein diet, nitisinone), but clinical studies have failed to prove efficiency on the rheumatological lesions of the disease. Here we propose a treatment strategy for children and adults with AKU, based on a review of the latest findings on AKU and lessons from other aminoacipathies, especially tyrosinemias.
Alteration of Wax Ester Content and Composition in Euglena gracilis with Gene Silencing of 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA Thiolase Isozymes
Authors: Nakazawa Masami , Andoh Hiroko , Koyama Keiichiro , Watanabe Yomi , Nakai Takeo , Ueda Mitsuhiro , Sakamoto Tatsuji , Inui Hiroshi , Nakano Yoshihisa , Miyatake Kazutaka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEuglena gracilis produces wax ester under hypoxic and anaerobic culture conditions with a net synthesis of ATP. In wax ester fermentation, fatty acids are synthesized by reversing beta‐oxidation in mitochondria. A major species of wax ester produced by E. gracilis is myristyl myristate (14:0‐14:0Alc). Because of its shorter carbon chain length with saturated compounds, biodiesel produced from E. gracilis wax ester may have good cold flow properties with high oxidative stability. We reasoned that a slight metabolic modification would enable E. gracilis to produce a biofuel of ideal composition. In order to produce wax ester with shorter acyl chain length, we focused on isozymes of the enzyme 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase (KAT), a condensing enzyme of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis pathway in E. gracilis. We performed a gene silencing study of KAT isozymes in E. gracilis. Six KAT isozymes were identified in the E. gracilis EST database, and silencing any three of them (EgKAT1‐3) altered the wax ester amount and composition. In particular, silencing EgKAT1 induced a significant compositional shift to shorter carbon chain lengths in wax ester. A model fuel mixture inferred from the composition of wax ester in EgKAT1‐silenced cells showed a significant decrease in melting point compared to that of the control cells.
The Effects of Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Consumption on Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Witte Theodore R. , Hardman W. Elaine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe consumption of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Studies in animals and in vitro have demonstrated mechanisms that could explain this apparent effect, but clinical and epidemiological studies have returned conflicting results on the practical benefits of dietary n‐3 PUFA for prevention of breast cancer. Effects are often only significant within a population when comparing the highest n‐3 PUFA consumption group to the lowest n‐3 group or highest n‐6 group. The beneficial effects of n‐3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic on the risk of breast cancer are dose dependent and are negatively affected by total n‐6 consumption. The majority of the world population, including the most highly developed regions, consumes insufficient n‐3 PUFA to significantly reduce breast cancer risk. This review discusses the physiological and dietary context in which reduction of breast cancer risk may occur, some proposed mechanisms of action and meaningful recommendations for consumption of n‐3 PUFA in the diet of developed regions.
A case of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a rectal Dieulafoy lesion
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Kai , Bair Ming‐Jong , Chen Huan‐Lin , Lin I‐Tsung , Wu Chia‐Hsien 
Published: April 2015

SummaryA Dieulafoy lesion is an uncommon and sometimes life‐threatening cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Typically, it presents as a tiny mucosal defect with an exposed protruding artery with normal surrounding mucosa. An 84‐year‐old woman developed sudden massive hematochezia and had an unstable hemodynamic status. The source of bleeding was found to be an exposed vessel in the rectum without surrounding ulceration. The patient was treated successfully with an epinephrine injection given endoscopically, followed by hemostatic clipping.
The effect of dialectical thinking on the integration of contradictory information
Authors: DeMotta Yoshiko , Chao Mike Chen‐ho , Kramer Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough lower dialectical thinking has been associated with greater extremity in consumer responses to univalent information, we demonstrate that low, as compared to high, dialectical thinkers express more moderate attitudes when they result from processing contradictory information. Specifically, our studies find that contradictory product information is less fluently processed by consumers low (vs. high) in dialectical thinking, which reduces their judgmental confidence and, in turn, generates more moderate attitudes. We contribute to the literature by showing that in contexts of contradictory information integration, current theory regarding the consequences of dialectical thinking needs to be extended to include not only an attenuation of the extremity effect prior research has found, but a complete reversal. Our results further imply that processing fluency not only impacts attitude valence but, more generally, attitude extremity.
Optimal pricing for new and remanufactured products
Authors: Abbey James D. , Blackburn Joseph D. , Guide V. Daniel R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis work investigates the optimal pricing of new and remanufactured products using a model of consumer preferences based on extensive experimentation. The experimental investigation reveals two distinct segments of consumers. One segment is relatively indifferent between new and remanufactured products and displays high sensitivity to price discounts. The second segment shows strong preferences for new products—with an accompanying aversion to remanufactured products—and realtively low sensitivity to price discounts. The pricing analysis examines several scenarios involving a new product manufacturer, ranging from a simple monopolist scenario to a more complex scenario involving competition with third‐party remanufacturers. In contrast to the usual finding that new product prices should decrease when competitive remanufactured products enter the market, the introduction of market segments reveals a robust finding across all scenarios: when remanufactured products enter the market, the optimal price of the new product should increase. Through appropriate pricing of new products, the OEM can mitigate the effects of cannibalization and increase profitability.
Time Estimation and Production in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)
Authors: Doyle Katie L. , Morgan Erin E. , Weber Erica , Woods Steven Paul ,   The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP) Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ability to accurately perceive the passage of time relies on several neurocognitive abilities, including attention, memory, and executive functions, which are domains commonly affected in persons living with HIV disease. The current study examined time estimation and production and their neurocognitive correlates in a sample of 53 HIV+ individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), 120 HIV+ individuals without HAND, and 113 HIV− individuals. Results revealed a moderate main effect of HAND on time estimation and a trend-level effect on time production, but no interaction between HAND and time interval duration. Correlational analyses revealed that time estimation in the HIV+ group was associated with attention, episodic memory and time-based prospective memory. Findings indicate that individuals with HAND evidence deficits in time interval judgment suggestive of failures in basic attentional and memory processes. (JINS, 2015,21, 175–181)
Warum ist1 von 2wahrscheinlicher als2 von 9?
Authors: Till Christoph 
Published: April 2015

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Ansatz zur Förderung elementarer stochastischer Kompetenzen in der Grundschule beschrieben. Befunde aus der kognitionspsychologischen und didaktischen Forschung belegen, dass Fehlvorstellungen und Fehlkonzepte im stochastischen Denken weit verbreitet sind, viele dieser Fehlvorstellungen jedoch auf das Darstellungsformat zurückzuführen sind, in welchem die Daten dargeboten werden. Kognitionspsychologen sprechen sich daher dafür aus, anhand geeigneter Repräsentationen in Form von Steckwürfeln (enaktiv), Piktogrammen (ikonisch) und natürlicher Häufigkeiten (numerisch) das Verständnis für Wahrscheinlichkeiten bereits vor der Einführung des Bruchzahl- und Prozentbegriffs zu schulen. Diese Art der Darstellung statistischer Information hat sich in diversen Studien sowohl für Erwachsene als auch Kinder als besonders gewinnbringend gezeigt. In einer Interventionsstudie wurde eine Lerneinheit in der 4. Grundschulklasse durchgeführt, um die Effektivität dieser Repräsentationsformate empirisch zu überprüfen. In vier Schulstunden wurden verschiedene Bereiche der mathematischen Risikomodellierung thematisiert. Dazu zählten: Vergleichen von Verhältnissen und Wahrscheinlichkeiten, Abwägen von Handlungsoptionen anhand von Zufallsexperimenten und die Auseinandersetzung mit sich veränderten Wahrscheinlichkeiten durch neue Information.Der Fokus des vorliegenden Artikels richtet sich auf den Proportionsbegriff als wesentliches Element für Wahrscheinlichkeiten. Die Studie sollte unter anderem empirische Belege liefern, ob das Verständnis für Proportionen anhand der genannten Repräsentationsformate gefördert werden kann und welche Strategien die Lernenden vor und nach der Lerneinheit zum Lösen von Wahrscheinlichkeits- und Häufigkeitsvergleichen verwenden. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler von den Repräsentationsformaten profitieren, da sie nach der Einheit vermehrt auf korrekte multiplikative Strategien beim Verhältnisvergleich zurückgreifen. Dabei bestimmen jedoch zu allen Testzeitpunkten der Aufgabentyp und die Aufgabenschwierigkeit die Wahl der Strategie.
Lysosomal ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase triggers cytosolic cathepsin B-mediated degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in natural killer/T lymphoma cell apoptosis
Authors: Taniguchi M , Ogiso H , Takeuchi T , Kitatani K , Umehara H , Okazaki T 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe previously reported that IL-2 deprivation induced acid sphingomyelinase-mediated (ASM-mediated) ceramide elevation and apoptosis in an NK/T lymphoma cell line KHYG-1. However, the molecular mechanism of ASM–ceramide-mediated apoptosis during IL-2 deprivation is poorly understood. Here, we showed that IL-2 deprivation induces caspase-dependent apoptosis characterized by phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-8, -9, and -3 cleavage, and degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). IL-2 re-supplementation rescued apoptosis via inhibition of XIAP degradation without affecting caspase cleavage. However, IL-2 deprivation induced ceramide elevation via ASM in lysosomes and activated lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) but not cathepsin D. A CTSB inhibitor CA-074 Me and knockdown of CTSB inhibited ceramide-mediated XIAP degradation and apoptosis. Inhibition of ceramide accumulation in lysosomes using an ASM inhibitor, desipramine, decreased cytosolic activation of CTSB by inhibiting its transfer into cytosol from the lysosome. Knockdown of ASM also inhibited XIAP degradation and apoptosis. Furthermore, cell permeable N-acetyl sphingosine (C2-ceramide), which increases mainly endogenous d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/24:1 ceramide-like IL-2 deprivation, induced caspase-dependent apoptosis with XIAP degradation through CTSB. These findings suggest that lysosomal ceramide produced by ASM mediates XIAP degradation by activation of cytosolic CTSB and caspase-dependent apoptosis. The ASM–ceramide–CTSB signaling axis is a novel pathway of ceramide-mediated apoptosis in IL-2-deprived NK/T lymphoma cells.
Oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of human breast cancer via promoting SIRT3-mediated SOD2 transcription and HIF1α destabilization
Authors: Wei L , Zhou Y , Qiao C , Ni T , Li Z , You Q , Guo Q , Lu N 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlterations of cellular metabolism play a central role in the development and progression of cancer. Oroxylin A, an active flavonoid of a Chinese traditional medicinal plant, was previously shown to modulate glycolysis in cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which oroxylin A regulates glycolysis is still not well defined. Here, we show that oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis in breast cancer cells via the Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)-mediated destabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF1α), which controls glycolytic gene expression. Oroxylin A promotes superoxide dismutase (SOD2) gene expression through SIRT3-regulated DNA-binding activity of FOXO3a and increases the activity of SOD2 by promoting SIRT3-mediated deacetylation.In vivo, oroxylin A inhibits the growth of transplanted human breast tumors associated with glycolytic suppression. These data indicate that oroxylin A inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells, through the suppression of HIF1αstabilization via SIRT3 activation, providing preclinical information for the cancer therapies of SIRT3 stimulation.
Whole-exome sequencing of pancreatic cancer defines genetic diversity and therapeutic targets
Authors: Witkiewicz Agnieszka K. , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Balaji Uthra , Baek GuemHee , Lin Wan-Chi , Mansour John , Mollaee Mehri , Wagner Kay-Uwe , Koduru Prasad , Yopp Adam , Choti Michael A. , Yeo Charles J. , McCue Peter , White Michael A. , Knudsen Erik S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a dismal prognosis and insights into both disease etiology and targeted intervention are needed. A total of 109 micro-dissected PDA cases were subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Microdissection enriches tumour cellularity and enhances mutation calling. Here we show that environmental stress and alterations in DNA repair genes associate with distinct mutation spectra. Copy number alterations target multiple tumour suppressive/oncogenic loci; however, amplification of MYC is uniquely associated with poor outcome and adenosquamous subtype. We identify multiple novel mutated genes in PDA, with select genes harbouring prognostic significance. RBM10 mutations associate with longer survival in spite of histological features of aggressive disease. KRAS mutations are observed in >90% of cases, but codon Q61 alleles are selectively associated with improved survival. Oncogenic BRAF mutations are mutually exclusive with KRAS and define sensitivity to vemurafenib in PDA models. High-frequency alterations in Wnt signalling, chromatin remodelling, Hedgehog signalling, DNA repair and cell cycle processes are observed. Together, these data delineate new genetic diversity of PDA and provide insights into prognostic determinants and therapeutic targets.
Sensitivity of nonlinear photoionization to resonance substructure in collective excitation
Authors: Mazza T. , Karamatskou A. , Ilchen M. , Bakhtiarzadeh S. , Rafipoor A. J. , O’Keeffe P. , Kelly T. J. , Walsh N. , Costello J. T. , Meyer M. , Santra R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCollective behaviour is a characteristic feature in many-body systems, important for developments in fields such as magnetism, superconductivity, photonics and electronics. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the optically nonlinear response of collective excitations. Here we demonstrate how the nonlinear interaction of a many-body system with intense XUV radiation can be used as an effective probe for characterizing otherwise unresolved features of its collective response. Resonant photoionization of atomic xenon was chosen as a case study. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory strongly supports the prediction that two distinct poles underlie the giant dipole resonance. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of collective behaviour in atoms, molecules and solid-state systems using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques enabled by modern short-wavelength light sources.