bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the liquid, solid and total fractions of beer, cider and wine lees as economic nutrient for xylitol production
Authors: Pérez‐Bibbins Belinda , Torrado‐Agrasar Ana , Pérez‐Rodríguez Noelia , Aguilar‐Uscanga María Guadalupe , Domínguez José Manuel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe final prices of fermentative culture broths must be reduced in order to extend biotechnological processes to an industrial scale. In this way, residual lees from the beer, cider and wine industries were evaluated as a source of nitrogen and micronutrients for xylitol production by Debaryomyces hansenii.RESULTSThe liquid fraction of wine or beer lees was employed as suitable culture media for xylitol production (QP = 0.30–0.24 g L−1 h−1, respectively). Complete beer lees diluted to 25% produced 27.2 g L−1 after 168 h (QP = 0.16 g L−1 h−1). Autolysis of beer lees produced 15.6 g L−1 of xylitol using whole lees (QP = 0.11 g L−1 h−1), or 34.8 g L−1 using the solid fraction (QP = 0.36 g L−1 h−1). The specific xylitol productivity (0.12 g g−1 h−1) achieved with the solid fraction was even higher than that obtained with the synthetic control (qP = 0.074 g g−1 h−1).CONCLUSIONSResidual lees can be used as economical nutrients. In some cases, autolysis treatments are necessary to increase the amount of available nitrogen thus improving the fermentative parameters. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of retrobulbar blood flow with color doppler ultrasonography in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Hamidi Cihad , Türkcü Fatih Mehmet , Göya Cemil , Çetinçakmak Mehmet Güli , Yüksel Harun , Teke Memik , Hattapoğlu Salih , Bilici Aslan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo compare retrobulbar blood flow in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and healthy subjects using color Doppler ultrasonography.MethodsThirty patients (age 23–54 years) with a first episode of acute CSC and 30 healthy controls (age 30–44 years) were evaluated. The peak systolic blood flow velocity, end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured in the ophthalmic, posterior ciliary, and central retinal arteries.ResultsThe posterior ciliary and central retinal artery EDV were lower in the patient group than in the control group, whereas RI and PI values were significantly higher (p < .05). The ophthalmic artery peak systolic blood flow velocity and EDV were lower in the CSC than in the control group (p < .05) without significant difference in RI and PI.ConclusionsColor Doppler ultrasonography provides additional insights into the pathophysiology of CSC and may support the vasospasm hypothesis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:481–485 2014
Fetal intracardiac rhabdomyoma in beckwith‐wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Longardt Ann Carolin , Nonnenmacher Andreas , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard , Opgen‐Rhein Bernd , Henrich Wolfgang , Bührer Christoph , Hüseman Dieter 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFetal cardiac tumors are a rare finding in prenatal ultrasonography. Most of them are rhabdomyoma, which are thought to be pathognomonic for tuberous sclerosis complex. We present an infant with prenatally diagnosed cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR), who was found to suffer from Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). This congenital overgrowth syndrome is characterized by macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, hypoglycemia, and hemihypertrophy. BWS patients have an increased risk for formation of benign and malignant tumors, typically intra‐abdominally located, but, to the best of our knowledge, fetal CRs have not been reported before. BWS must be added to the list of differential diagnoses and to the prenatal counseling of the parents in cases of prenatal detection of CR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:569–573, 2014
Measuring patient flow in a children's hospital using a scorecard with composite measurement
Authors: Fieldston Evan S. , Zaoutis Lisa B. , Agosto Paula M. , Guo Annie , Jonas Jennifer A. , Tsarouhas Nicholas 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDAlthough patient flow is a focus for improvement in hospitals, commonly used single or unaggregated measures fail to capture its complexity. Composite measures can account for multiple dimensions of performance but have not been reported for the assessment of patient flow.OBJECTIVESTo present and discuss the implementation of a composite measure system as a way to measure and monitor patient flow and improvement activities at an urban children's hospital.METHODSA 5‐domain patient flow scorecard with composite measurement was designed by an interdisciplinary workgroup using measures involved in multiple aspects of patient flow.RESULTSThe composite score measurement system provided improvement teams and administrators with a comprehensive overview of patient flow. It captured overall performance trends and identified operational domains and specific components of patient flow that required improvement.DISCUSSIONA patient flow scorecard with composite measurement holds advantages over a single or unaggregated measurement system, because it provides a holistic assessment of performance while also identifying specific areas in need of improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:463–468. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Selecting desirable micronutrient fortificants for plant‐based complementary foods for infants and young children in low‐income countries
Authors: Gibson Rosalind S , Carriquiry Alicia , Gibbs Michelle M 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that both breast‐fed and non‐breast‐fed children are fed micronutrient fortified complementary foods designed to meet their high nutrient requirements from aged 6 to 23 months of age. This paper summarises the steps recommended byWHO/FAOto identify the country‐specific micronutrient shortfalls in complementary diets and establish desirable levels of bioavailable fortificants for centrally processed plant‐based complementary foods for infant and young child feeding. The goal of theWHO/FAOguidelines is to achieve a desirably low prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in the target group whilst simultaneously ensuring minimal risk of excessive intakes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent Trends and Future Outlooks in the Field of Clay‐Containing Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: April 2014

Clays are the oldest and potentially one of the most interesting and versatile nanofillers. The blending of surface‐functionalized clay platelets with a polymer matrix can yield a new class of hybrid materials, commonly known as clay‐containing polymer nanocomposites (PCNs), where 1–5% (in general) clay particles by volume are molecularly dispersed within the polymer matrix. The dispersed clay platelets, with their large aspect ratios and low percolation thresholds, can significantly improve the properties of the polymer matrix relative to those of a neat polymer matrix and can introduce new value‐added properties. Over the last few years, researchers have made extraordinary progress in the practical processing and development of various products from different PCNs. The variation of the polymer matrix with different clay surface functionalities can lead to PCNs suited for a wide range of applications, including automobiles, construction materials, packaging, tissue regeneration, load‐bearing scaffolds for bone reconstruction, and many more. This article focuses on recent research efforts in processing and characterization techniques, properties, and applications, and key research challenges and future outlook in the development of multifunctional PCNs.
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The clinical spectrum of laryngeal dystonia includes dystonic cough: Observations of a large series
Authors: Payne Susannah , Tisch Stephen , Cole Ian , Brake Helen , Rough Judy , Darveniza Paul 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTLaryngeal dystonia is a movement disorder of the muscles within the larynx, which most commonly manifests as spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Rarer reported manifestations include dystonic respiratory stridor and dyscoordinate breathing. Laryngeal dystonia has been treated successfully with botulinum neurotoxin (BTX) injections since 1984. We reviewed prospectively collected data in a consecutive series of 193 patients with laryngeal dystonia who were seen at St. Vincent's Hospital between 1991 and 2011. Patient data were analyzed in Excel, R, and Prism. Laryngeal dystonia manifested as SD (92.7%), stridor (11.9%), dystonic cough (6.2%), dyscoordinate breathing (4.1%), paroxysmal hiccups (1.6%), and paroxysmal sneezing (1.6%). There were more women (68.4%) than men (31.6%), and the average age at onset was 47 years. A positive family history of dystonia was present in 16.1% of patients. A higher incidence of extra‐laryngeal dystonia (ie, torticollis and blepharospasm) and concurrent manifestations of laryngeal dystonia were present in patients with dystonic cough, dyscoordinate breathing, paroxysmal sneezing, and hiccups than in other patients (P = 0.003 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The average starting dose of BTX decreased from 2.3 to 0.5 units between 1991 and 2011. The median treatment rating was excellent across all subgroups. Patients with adductor SD, stridor, extra‐laryngeal dystonia and male patients had relatively better treatment outcomes. Technical failures were rare (1.1%). Dysphonia secondary to vocal cord paresis followed 38.7% of treatments. Laryngeal dystonia manifests predominantly as SD, but other manifestations include stridor, dyscoordinate breathing, paroxysmal cough, hiccups, and sneezing. BTX injections are very effective across all subgroups. Severe adverse events are rare. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy: A position statement by the neuropsychology task force of the MDS multiple system atrophy (MODIMSA) study group
Authors: Stankovic Iva , Krismer Florian , Jesic Aleksandar , Antonini Angelo , Benke Thomas , Brown Richard G. , Burn David J. , Holton Janice L. , Kaufmann Horacio , Kostic Vladimir S. , Ling Helen , Meissner Wassilios G. , Poewe Werner , Semnic Marija , Seppi Klaus , Takeda Atsushi , Weintraub Daniel , Wenning Gregor K. ,   on behalf of the Movement Disorders Society MSA (MODIMSA) Study Group
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTConsensus diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy consider dementia as a nonsupporting feature, despite emerging evidence demonstrating that cognitive impairments are an integral part of the disease. Cognitive disturbances in multiple system atrophy occur across a wide spectrum from mild single domain deficits to impairments in multiple domains and even to frank dementia in some cases. Frontal‐executive dysfunction is the most common presentation, while memory and visuospatial functions also may be impaired. Imaging and neuropathological findings support the concept that cognitive impairments in MSA originate from striatofrontal deafferentation, with additional contributions from intrinsic cortical degeneration and cerebellar pathology. Based on a comprehensive evidence‐based review, the authors propose future avenues of research that ultimately may lead to diagnostic criteria for cognitive impairment and dementia associated with multiple system atrophy. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Neuropathological features of multiple system atrophy with cognitive impairment
Authors: Asi Y. T. , Ling Helen , Ahmed Z. , Lees A. J. , Revesz T. , Holton J. L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCognitive impairment (CI) is an exclusion criterion for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA), according to the second consensus statement. This view was recently challenged by patients with pathologically confirmed MSA who were reported to have dementia. With an aim to investigate the pathological substrate of CI in MSA, quantitative assessment of the glial and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and semiquantitative assessment of neuronal loss in the cortical and limbic regions was performed. No differences in the severity of these MSA‐related pathological findings were identified between nine MSA cases with CI and nine MSA cases with normal cognition. Alzheimer's‐related pathological changes, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and cerebrovascular disease did not differ between the two MSA groups. MSA‐specific α‐synuclein and secondary pathological conditions were not more severe in MSA cases with CI, suggesting that although CI may be intrinsic to the MSA disease process, further investigation into the pathological basis of cognitive impairment in MSA is warranted. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sensory tricks and brain excitability in cervical dystonia: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Amadio Stefano , Houdayer Elise , Bianchi Francesca , Tesfaghebriel Tekle Habtom , Urban Ivan Pietro , Butera Calogera , Guerriero Roberta , Cursi Marco , Leocani Letizia , Comi Giancarlo , Del Carro Ubaldo 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundSensory tricks such as touching the face with fingertips often improve cervical dystonia [CD]. This study is to determine whether sensory tricks modulate motor cortex excitability, assessed by paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation [p‐pTMS].MethodsEight patients with rotational CD underwent p‐pTMS, at rest and when the sensory trick was applied. To test intracortical inhibition [ICI] and facilitation [ICF], the amplitude ratio between conditioned and unconditioned cortical motor evoked potentials was measured at several interstimulus intervals (ISI 1, 3, 15, and 20 ms) and compared with controls mimicking patients' sensory tricks.ResultsAt rest, a significant ICF enhancement was found at ISIs 15 through 20 in patients compared with controls, whereas no significant ICI changes were observed. Sensory tricks significantly reduced the abnormal ICF in patients and did not induce any change in controls.ConclusionsIn our CD patients, sensory tricks seem to improve dystonia through an inhibitory effect on motor cortex excitability. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The distribution of lymph nodes and their nutrient vessels in the groin region: An anatomic study for design of the lymph node flap
Authors: Zhang Han , Chen Weiwei , Mu Lan , Chen Ru , Luan Jie , Mu Dali , Liu Chunjun , Xin Minqiang 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe groin lymph node flap transfer has been used for treatment of extremity lymphedema. The design of this flap is based on the superficial circumflex iliac artery/vein (SCIA/V), or superficial inferior epigastric artery/vein (SIEA/V). The purpose of this study is to delineate the distribution of lymph nodes in the groin area and their relationship to inguinal vessels by the use of multidirector‐row CT angiography (MDCTA).MethodsMDCTA was performed in 52 patients who underwent the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap or transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap for breast reconstruction. The MDCTA data were used to analyze the locations of lymph nodes and their adjacent vascular vessels. The groin region was divided into the superior lateral (I), superior medial (II), inferior lateral (III), and inferior medial (IV) quadrants based on the point where SCIV joined into great saphenous vein. The number of lymph nodes in each of the four quadrants was counted and the dominant vessels were observed.ResultsThe mean number of lymph nodes in quadrants I–IV were 3.3 ± 1.6, 2.0 ± 1.2, 1.5 ± 1.3, and 1.9 ± 1.4, respectively. The difference between the four quadrants was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In quadrant I, the appearance rate of SCIA was 100% while SIEA was 6.6%. In quadrant II, no SCIA was observed but the appearance rate of SIEA was 78.0%. There were neither SCIA nor SIEA observed in quadrants III and IV.ConclusionsThe superior lateral quadrant of the groin region was found to have the most lymph nodes. The superficial circumflex iliac vessels are the major sources for blood supply to this region. The findings from this study provide evidence for the clinical design of the lymph node flap from the groin area. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:558–561, 2014.
SAR reduction in 7T C‐spine imaging using a “dark modes” transmit array strategy
Authors: Eryaman Yigitcan , Guerin Bastien , Keil Boris , Mareyam Azma , Herraiz Joaquin L. , Kosior Robert K. , Martin Adrian , Torrado‐Carvajal Angel , Malpica Norberto , Hernandez‐Tamames Juan A. , Schiavi Emanuele , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeLocal specific absorption rate (SAR) limits many applications of parallel transmit (pTx) in ultra high‐field imaging. In this Note, we introduce the use of an array element, which is intentionally inefficient at generating spin excitation (a “dark mode”) to attempt a partial cancellation of the electric field from those elements that do generate excitation. We show that adding dipole elements oriented orthogonal to their conventional orientation to a linear array of conventional loop elements can lower the local SAR hotspot in a C‐spine array at 7 T.MethodsWe model electromagnetic fields in a head/torso model to calculate SAR and excitation B1+ patterns generated by conventional loop arrays and loop arrays with added electric dipole elements. We utilize the dark modes that are generated by the intentional and inefficient orientation of dipole elements in order to reduce peak 10g local SAR while maintaining excitation fidelity.ResultsFor B1+ shimming in the spine, the addition of dipole elements did not significantly alter the B1+ spatial pattern but reduced local SAR by 36%.ConclusionThe dipole elements provide a sufficiently complimentary B1+ and electric field pattern to the loop array that can be exploited by the radiofrequency shimming algorithm to reduce local SAR. Magn Reson Med 73:1533–1539, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inter‐echo variance as a weighting factor for multi‐channel combination in multi‐echo acquisition for local frequency shift mapping
Authors: Liu Junmin , Rudko David A. , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , Drangova Maria 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a local frequency shift (LFS) mapping method specifically designed for multi‐echo acquisitions and multi‐channel receive coils.MethodsThe proposed method uses the pixel‐by‐pixel inter‐echo variance (IEV) as a weighting factor during channel‐combination. Five healthy volunteers were scanned at 7 T. The IEV‐weighted method was quantitatively compared to established (adaptive and Hermitian product) channel‐combination methods with respect to IEV of LFS over the entire brain.ResultsIn all experiments, the IEV‐weighted method generated LFS maps free of artifacts caused by unwrapping errors. Based on measurements of the inter‐echo frequency variance throughout the whole brain, the IEV‐weighted method produced the lowest variation and the best contrast at the edge of the brain.ConclusionThe primary finding of the present study is that accurate LFS maps are achievable if the data from each channel is processed independently prior to combination followed by a weighted combination using IEV as the weighting term. The software is freely available to the scientific community. Magn Reson Med 73:1654–1661, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel imaging with phase scrambling
Authors: Zaitsev Maxim , Schultz Gerrit , Hennig Juergen , Gruetter Rolf , Gallichan Daniel 
Published: April 2014

PurposeMost existing methods for accelerated parallel imaging in MRI require additional data, which are used to derive information about the sensitivity profile of each radiofrequency (RF) channel. In this work, a method is presented to avoid the acquisition of separate coil calibration data for accelerated Cartesian trajectories.MethodsQuadratic phase is imparted to the image to spread the signals in k‐space (aka phase scrambling). By rewriting the Fourier transform as a convolution operation, a window can be introduced to the convolved chirp function, allowing a low‐resolution image to be reconstructed from phase‐scrambled data without prominent aliasing. This image (for each RF channel) can be used to derive coil sensitivities to drive existing parallel imaging techniques. As a proof of concept, the quadratic phase was applied by introducing an offset to the x2 − y2 shim and the data were reconstructed using adapted versions of the image space–based sensitivity encoding and GeneRalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions algorithms.ResultsThe method is demonstrated in a phantom (1 × 2, 1 × 3, and 2 × 2 acceleration) and in vivo (2 × 2 acceleration) using a 3D gradient echo acquisition.ConclusionPhase scrambling can be used to perform parallel imaging acceleration without acquisition of separate coil calibration data, demonstrated here for a 3D‐Cartesian trajectory. Further research is required to prove the applicability to other 2D and 3D sampling schemes. Magn Reson Med 73:1407–1419, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimized saturation pulse train for human first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 7T
Authors: Tao Yuehui , Hess Aaron T. , Keith Graeme A. , Rodgers Christopher T. , Liu Alexander , Francis Jane M. , Neubauer Stefan , Robson Matthew D. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeTo investigate whether saturation using existing methods developed for 3T imaging is feasible for clinical perfusion imaging at 7T, and to propose a new design of saturation pulse train for first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 7T.MethodsThe new design of saturation pulse train consists of four hyperbolic‐secant (HS8) radiofrequency pulses, whose peak amplitudes are optimized for a target range of static and transmit field variations and radiofrequency power deposition restrictions measured in the myocardium at 7T. The proposed method and existing methods were compared in simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments.ResultsIn healthy volunteer experiments without contrast agent, average saturation efficiency with the proposed method was 97.8%. This is superior to results from the three previously published methods at 86/95/90.8%. The first series of human first‐pass myocardial perfusion images at 7T have been successfully acquired with the proposed method.ConclusionExisting saturation methods developed for 3T imaging are not optimal for perfusion imaging at 7T. The proposed new design of saturation pulse train can saturate effectively, and with this method first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging is feasible in humans at 7T. Magn Reson Med 73:1450–1456, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society of Medicine in Resonance.