bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) on Seedling Growth and Associated Biochemical Changes in Mung Bean (Phaseolus aureus)
Authors: Batish Daizy R. , Singh Harminder P. , Setia Nidhi , Kaur Shalinder , Kohli Ravinder K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
BOA (2-benzoxazolinone) is a potent phytotoxin present in several graminaceous crops such as rye, maize and wheat. Due to its wide range of phytotoxicity, it is considered as a potential pesticide. A study was conducted to explore the impact of BOA on the radicle and plumule elongation of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and associated changes in the macromolecular content - proteins and carbohydrates - and activities of enzymes like amylases, proteases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. BOA significantly reduced the radicle and plumule length of P. aureus, and the contents of proteins and carbohydrates in both root and leaf tissue. On the other hand, activities of hydrolytic enzymes - proteases, amylases, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases - increased substantially in both root and leaf tissue of P. aureus upon BOA exposure. This indicated that BOA treatment induced stress in P. aureus and enhanced enzyme activities to counter the induced stress and continue the growth. In other words, BOA-induced stress altered the plant biochemical status and related enzyme activities resulting in increased metabolism that serves to provide protection against cellular injury. Such studies providing information about the biomolecular content and enzymatic activities in response to natural products serve as clues for furtherance of knowledge about the modes of action of natural compounds of commercial interest.
Surfactin Isoforms from Bacillus coagulans
Authors: Huszcza Ewa , Burczyk Bogdan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has been found to produce several surfactins that are powerful lipopeptide surfactants. Four main components with molecular weights 1007, 1021 and 1035 Da were separated. Their structures have been confirmed by spectrometric and spectroscopic studies and by acid hydrolysis. The compounds were found to represent two pairs of surfactin isoforms in which β-hydroxy-iso-C14 or anteiso-C15 fatty acids are linked to the [Leu7] or [Val7] heptapeptide moiety by both an amide group and a lactone bond.
Effect of Alloxan-Diabetes and Subsequent Treatment with Insulin on Kinetic Properties of Succinate Oxidase Activity from Rat Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Patel Samir P. , Katyare Surendra S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We evaluated early and late effects of alloxan-diabetes and subsequent insulin treatment on the kinetic properties of succinate oxidase (SO) in rat liver mitochondria. Diabetic state lowered the SO activity; insulin treatment was effective in restoring the activity only in oneweek diabetic rats. The energies of activation in low and high temperature ranges (EH and EL) decreased significantly in diabetic animals; once again insulin treatment was partially effective only in the one-week diabetic group. The total phospholipids (TPL) and cholesterol (CHL) contents did not change in one-week groups. In one-month diabetic animals TPL decreased while CHL increased; insulin treatment induced further changes without restoring normality. The lysophospholipid (Lyso), sphingomyelin (SPM), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) content increased in the diabetic state while phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) decreased. Insulin treatment had a partial restorative effect. The changes in EH correlated negatively with SPM. The phase transition temperature, Tt, decreased in diabetic and insulin-treated groups. These changes correlated positively with the ratios of TPL/PI and TPL/PS. The membrane fluidity decreased in the diabetic state; insulin had a restorative effect only in the one-week group.
Lipids in the Femoral Gland Secretions of Male Schreiber’s Green Lizards, Lacerta schreiberi
Authors: López Pilar , Martín José 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In spite of the importance of chemoreception and chemical signals in social organization of lizards, only a few studies have examined the chemical composition of secretions that lizards use for intraspecific communication. The secretion of the femoral glands of male Schreiber’s green lizards (Lacerta schreiberi) contains 51 lipophilic compounds, including several steroids, α-tocopherol, n-C9 to n-C22 carboxylic acids and their esteres, and minor components such as alcohols between C12 and C24, two lactones, two ketones, and squalene. These compounds were identified on the basis of mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS. We compared these chemicals with those found in other lizard species, and discussed how environmental conditions could explain the differential presence of chemicals in different lizards. Particularly, the high abundance of α-tocopherol in this lizard is suggested to contribute to avoid oxidation of other lipids in secretions, increasing chemical stability of scent marks in the humid conditions of its habitat.
Polyphenols of Rosa L. Leaves Extracts and their Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Nowak Renata , Gawlik-Dziki Urszula 
Published: February 2015

Antioxidant potential of Rosa L. leaves methanolic extracts was evaluated in vitro using a spectrophotometric method based on measuring the radical scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The contents of ellagic acid, quercetin and kaempferol in the extracts from leaves of seventeen rose species were determined using SPE-RPHPLC methods. Additionally, total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Remarkable high antioxidant activity and high total phenolic content (5.7% < GAE < 15.2%), large ellagic acid (EA) content from 9.37 to 19.42 mg/g of dry weight, a quercetin content ranging from 3.68 to 15.81 mg/g of dry weight and kaempferol content from 1.25 to 9.41mg/g of dry weight were found in rose leaves. Significant correlation between EA (r2 = 0.6131), quercetin (r2= 0.5158), total phenolic content (r2= 0.8485) and antioxidant activity was observed.
Basing on the studies conducted one may assume that the extracts of rose leaves are a rich source of natural antioxidants and could be used to prevent free-radical-induced deleterious effects.
Antimicrobial Isoflavonoids from Erythrina crista galli Infected with Phomopsis sp.
Authors: Redko Flavia , Clavin María L. , Weber Daniela , Ranea Fernando , Anke Timm , Martino Virginia 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The isoflavonoids coumestrol, genistein and daidzein have been isolated and identified by bioassay-guided fractionation from the acetone extract of Erythrina crista galli young twigs infected with Phomopsis sp. These compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus brevis (MIC values 16.3, 64.8 and 137.8 μm, respectively). This is the first time that coumestrol, besides lutein and n-nonacosane, are reported in this species.
Antibacterial Activity of Extract, Fractions and Four Compounds Extracted from Piper solmsianum C. DC. var. solmsianum (Piperaceae)
Authors: Campos Marina P. , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Silva Rosi Z. , Yunes Rosendo A. , Monache Franco D. , Cruz Alexandre Bella 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Piper solmsianum C. DC. var. solmsianum (Piperaceae) is a shrub commonly found in areas with wet tropical soils. Other Piper species have been used in folk medicine as antitumoral and antiseptic agents. We studied the crude methanolic extract, some organic fractions and compounds isolated from this plant for possible antimicrobial activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. The bioautographic assays disclosed three inhibition zones. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined showing excellent activity, particularly against the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Streptococcus agalactiae). It appears that the antimicrobial activity of Piper solmsianum is related mainly to the presence of conocarpan and eupomatenoid-5 (neolignans). However another, as yet unidentified, active compound could also be extracted from the plant.
Protective Effect of Curcumin and Chlorophyllin against DNA Mutation Induced by Cyclophosphamide or Benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa A. , Elbehairy Adel M. , Ghoneim Magdy A. , Amer Hassan A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The current study was carried out to evaluate the potency of curcumin and chlorophyllin as natural antioxidants to reduce the oxidative stress markers induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P] which were used as free radical inducers. For this purpose, 126 male albino rats were used. The animals were assigned into 4 main groups: negative control group; oxidant-treated group (subdivided into two subgroups: cyclophosphamide- treated group and benzo[a]pyrene-treated group); curcumin-treated group; and chlorophyllin-treated group. Liver samples were collected after two days post the oxidant inoculation and at the end of the experimental period (10 weeks). These samples were examined for determination of liver microsomal malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration. Both CP and B(a)P caused increments in DNA fragmentation percentages, liver microsomal MDA, concentration of 8-OHdG and induced point mutation. Treatment of rats with either curcumin or chlorophyllin revealed lower DNA fragmentation percentages, liver microsomal MDA concentration, concentration of 8-OHdG and prevented induction of mutations, i. e., reversed the oxidative stress induced by CP and B(a)P and proved that they were capable of protecting rats against the oxidative damage evoked by these oxidants.
Nematicidal Activity of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic Acid against Plant-Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Kimura Yasuo , Tani Satoko , Hayashi Asami , Ohtani Kouhei , Fujioka Shozo , Kawano Tsuyoshi , Shimada Atsumi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A nematicide, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid (1), was isolated from cultures of the fungus Aspergillus sp. and its structure was identified by spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 showed effective nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans without inhibitory activity against plant growth, but 1 did not show any effective nematicidal activity against Pratylenchus penetrans.
Effect of Membrane Fluidity on Photosynthetic Oxygen Production Reactions
Authors: Popova Antoaneta V. , Velitchkova Maya , Zanev Yuli 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of changes of membrane fluidity on the oxygen evolving capability of isolated thylakoids was investigated. Alteration of the lipid phase fluidity was achieved by incorporation of the plant sterol stigmasterol. Incorporation of stigmasterol in the lipid bilayer of thylakoid membranes results in rigidization of the hydrophobic phase of thylakoid membranes and decreases the degree of packing of the lipid head groups. These changes of lipid order are accompanied by a reduction of oxygen evolution, measured with 1,4-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, and by a more pronounced inhibition of PSI-mediated electron transport. By analysis of the parameters of oxygen flash yields and oxygen burst under continuous illumination it was shown that after treatment with stigmasterol: 1.) the number of active oxygen-evolving centres decreased; 2.) the remaining active oxygen-evolving centres were not affected in respect to the oscillation pattern; 3.) the contribution of the slow oxygenevolving centres in oxygen burst yield was increased. The effect of stigmasterol was compared with the well-studied effect of cholesterol. Results were discussed in terms of determining the role of lipid order for the organization and functioning of the photosynthetic machinery.
In vitro Inhibition of Cholinesterases by Carbamates - A Kinetic Study
Authors: Komersová Alena , Masopustová Markéta , Komers Karel , Štěpánková Šárka , Čegan Alexandr 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Kinetics and mechanism of in vitro hydrolyses of acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine by carbamates were studied in a batch reactor at 25 °C, pH 8, and ionic strength of 0.11 m. Every hydrolysis was monitored by 3-4 independent methods. All studied hydrolyses can be described by the model of competitive inhibition with an irreversible step (k3). A table of obtained average values of rate constants and discussion of the resultes are given.
Effect of Egyptian Propolis on the Susceptibility of LDL to Oxidative Modification and its Antiviral Activity with Special Emphasis on Chemical Composition
Authors: El-Hadya Faten K. Abd , Hegazi Ahmed G. , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: February 2015

The antioxidant activity of eight Egyptian propolis samples from different localities was evaluated by the antioxidative potential and capacity of the DPPH-ESR signal, superoxide anion generated in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system and low density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxidation assay. As, F, Is and D samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity and potential, respectively. The El, IsR, Is, D and So samples exhibited highly significant antioxidant activity in the XOD system and in LDL peroxidation assays.
The antiviral activity of propolis samples was investigated. They showed variations in their activity; sample D induced the highest antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus.
42 Polyphenolic compounds were identified by HPLC; 13 aromatic acids, esters and alcohols were present, 29 flavonoids were identified, 6 of them being new to propolis.
Antimicrobial Activity of 2,5-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone from Embelia schimperi
Authors: Awino Ooko Selline , Kiprono Paul Chepkwony , Keronei Kipkemboi Pius , Kaberia Festus , Obala Andrew Ambogo 
Published: February 2015

Chromatographic separation of an ethyl acetate extract from Embelia schimperi led to the isolation of a new compound identified as 2,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1) on the basis of spectroscopic and physical data. The plant’s crude extract and pure compound 1 were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, Shigella dysentriae and Staphylococcus aureus. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antimicrobial activity. Standard antibiotics namely: augmentin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, tetracycline and lyncomycin were used as controls.
The crude extract was inactive while the pure compound 1 showed significant activities against Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, Shigella dysentriae and Staphylococcus aureus with zones of inhibition ranging from 10−20 mm. The most sensitive microorganism was P. aeruginosa while C. neoformans was insensitive to both the crude extract and compound 1.
Identification of Ellagic Acid Derivatives in Methanolic Extracts from Qualea Species
Authors: Nasser Ana L. M. , Carli Camila B. A. , Rodrigues Clenilson M. , Maia Danielle C. G. , Carlos Iracilda Z. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Hiruma-Lima Clélia A. , Vilegas Wagner 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The methanolic extract from the barks of the medicinal plant Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) was fractionated by column chromatography over silica gel followed by gel permeation over Sephadex LH-20 to give 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 3-Omethylellagic acid-4′-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), 3,3′,4-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4′-O-β-dglucopyranoside (3), and 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid (4), together with triterpenes and saponins. We also performed comparative analyses among this species and Q. grandiflora and Q. multiflora using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The biological assays showed that, when compared to the standard ellagic acid, compounds 1-4 are less cytotoxic but have a lower capacity of stimulating murine peritoneal macrophages to release nitric oxide and tumoural-α necrose factor.
Trypanocidal Activity of Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Craniolaria annua
Authors: Herrera Julio C. , Troncone Graciela , Henríquez Diana , Urdaneta Neudo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A chloroform extract from roots of Craniolaria annua provided six new C-11 unsubstituted abietanes, 14-hydroxy-6,12-dione-7,9(11),13-abietatriene (1), 14-hydroxy-12-oxo-7,9(11),13- abietatriene (2), 6,12,14-trihydroxyabieta-5,8,11,13-tetraen-7-one (3), ar-abietatriene-12-ol- 6,7-dione-14,16-oxide (4), ar-abietatriene-12,16-diol-14,16-oxide (5) and ar-abietatriene-12-ol- 7-one-14,16-oxide (6), and two known compounds, ferruginol and stigmasterol. The structures of both the new and known compounds were established by spectroscopic methods. Abietane 1 gave 14-hydroxy-6-oxoferruginol (1A) upon treatment with NaBH4. Abietanes 1, 1A, 3-5 and ferruginol showed cytotoxic effects against trypomastigote and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and against fibroblastic Vero cells.
Bioactive Furanoeremophilanes from Senecio otites Kunze ex DC.
Authors: Domínguez Dulce M. , Reina Matías , Villarroel Luis , Fajardo Victor , González-Coloma Azucena 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The furanoeremophilanes 6β-angeloyloxy-1, 10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (1), 6β- hydroxy-1, 10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan-9-one (2) and 6β-propionyloxy-1, 10-dehydrofuranoeremophilan- 9-one (3) were isolated from Senecio otites, their structures elucidated by spectral analyses, and their insecticidal and phytotoxic properties evaluated. Compounds 1-3 proved to be effective aphid antifeedants against Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi and had postingestive negative effects on Spodoptera littoralis larvae. These compounds did not have any phytotoxic effects on Lactuca sativa.
Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity by Dihydro-β-agarofuran Sesquiterpenes Isolated from Chilean Celastraceae
Authors: Alarcón Julio , Astudillo Luís , Gutierrez Margarita 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A series of agarofuran compounds isolated from Chilean Celastraceae were evaluated in vitro for their cholinesterase inhibitory activities by UV spectroscopy.
Antimutagenic Efficacy of Some Natural Compounds on Cyclophosphamide-Induced p53 Alterations
Authors: Gouda Eman M. , Elbehairy Adel M. , Ghoneim Magdy A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene have been associated with chemical carcinogens. Natural antimutagens are promising modulators for reducing the cancer risk. The present study was carried out to assess the protective efficacy of some natural antimutagens against p53 alterations. We investigated the ability of curcumin (100 mg/kg BW) and chlorophyllin (3 mg/kg BW) pretreatment, for three times per week for three successive weeks, to inhibit mutations induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 40 mg/kg BW of cyclophosphamide (CP). Forty male albino rats were assigned into four groups: control nontreated group, CP-treated group, curcumin-CP-treated group, and chlorophyllin-CP-treated group. Liver samples were collected for DNA isolation two days after CP injection. The isolated DNA was used in single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified products of four regions: two in exon 5, one in exon 6, and one in exon 7. The amplified products of p53 different regions were found to be in the expected molecular size of the designed primers. SSCP analysis of these amplified products showed that CP-induced mutation in the p53 gene was found only in exon 7 shifting its electrophoretic mobility. Chlorophyllin treatment prior to CP injection had a more potent protective efficacy (80%) than that with curcumin (33.3%).
Uptake of S-(3-Amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine by Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Schwend Thomas , Schabacker Jens , Wetterauer Bernhard , Wink Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Acrylamide is a reactive neurotoxin with a high intestinal bioavailability. Recently we have shown that under the pH regime of the gut acrylamide can react with proteins and that this reaction reduces the uptake of acrylamide in a gut model. On the other hand, using radioactive labeled acrylamide, Bjellaas et al. [Toxicol. Sci. 100, 374-380 (2007)] showed that in vivo the vast majority of orally administered acrylamide is absorbed and excreted as N-acetyl-S- (3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine with the urine. Therefore, we tested whether intestinal proteases can degrade a protein with acrylamide bound to cysteine residues. Furthermore we tested whether the product of this reaction, S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine, can pass the intestinal barrier. Here we showed that S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine is indeed a product of proteolytic degradation of acrylamide-treated proteins. Using Caco-2 cells as a gut model, we further showed that the non-protein amino acid S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine is a substrate for the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter system. Hence we concluded that protein-bound acrylamide can be released in the intestine and that the resulting product S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-cysteine is transported through the intestinal barrier and later excreted via the urine.
D-(+)-Pinitol, a Component of the Heartwood of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.
Authors: Raya-Gonzalez David , Pamatz-Bolanõs Teresa , Rio-Torres Rosa E. del , Martinez- Munõz Rosa E. , Ron-Echeverria Oscar , Martinez-Pacheco Mauro M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
d-(+)-Pinitol, a natural product of the group of cyclitols, was purified for the first time from an aqueous extract of the heartwood of Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and its chemical structure was determined.
Anti-Herpes Effect of Hemocyanin Derived from the Mollusk Rapana thomasiana
Authors: Genova-Kalou Petia , Dundarova Daniela , Idakieva Krasimira , Mohmmed Asif , Dundarov Stefan , Argirova Radka 
Published: February 2015

The cytotoxicity and the antivirus activity of native hemocyanin, RtH, derived from the Bulgarian marine mollusk Rapana thomasiana and its structural isoform, RtH2, against HSV replication was evaluated on three HSV strains - two wt strains, TM (HSV 1) and Bja (HSV 2), and one ACVR mutant with tk gene mutation, DD (HSV 2). The experiments were performed on continuous RD 64 cells and three HSV 1 and HSV 2 strains were used, two mutants sensitive to acyclovir and one resistant mutant.
Both compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of wt HSV replication. Both compounds did not exhibit any effect on the infectious virus yield on ACVR mutant. The most promising, active and selective, anti-HSV agent, especially to genital herpes virus, was found to be the functional unit of native hemocyanin - RtH2. RtH2 did not induce apoptosis/ necrosis 8 h after virus infection and the target of its action, was found to be the viral but not the host cell DNA.