bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTER- AND INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION BY SNAKES INHABITING A CONTAMINATED RIVER FLOODPLAIN
Authors: Drewett David V.V. , Willson John D. , Cristol Daniel A. , Chin Stephanie Y. , Hopkins William A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Although mercury (Hg) is a well-studied contaminant, knowledge about Hg accumulation in snakes is limited. The authors evaluated Hg bioaccumulation within and among four snake species (northern watersnakes, Nerodia sipedon; queen snakes, Regina septemvittata; common garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis; and rat snakes, Elaphe obsoleta [Pantherophis alleghaniensis]) from a contaminated site on the South River (Waynesboro, VA, USA) and two nearby reference sites. Total Hg (THg) concentrations in northern watersnake tail tissue at the contaminated site ranged from 2.25 to 13.84 mg/kg dry weight (mean: 4.85 ± 0.29), or 11 to 19 times higher than reference sites. Blood THg concentrations (0.03–7.04 mg/kg wet wt; mean: 2.24 ± 0.42) were strongly correlated with tail concentrations and were the highest yet reported in a snake species. Within watersnakes, nitrogen stable isotope values indicated ontogenetic trophic shifts that correlated with THg bioaccumulation, suggesting that diet plays a substantial role in Hg exposure. Female watersnakes had higher mean THg concentrations (5.67 ± 0.46 mg/kg) than males (4.93 ± 0.49 mg/kg), but no significant differences between sexes were observed after correcting for body size. Interspecific comparisons identified differences in THg concentrations among snake species, with more aquatic species (watersnakes and queen snakes) accumulating higher mean concentrations (5.60 ± 0.40 and 4.59 ± 0.38 mg/kg in tail tissue, respectively) than the more terrestrial species, garter snakes and rat snakes (1.28 ± 0.32 and 0.26 ± 0.09 mg/kg, respectively). The results of the present study warrant further investigation of potential adverse effects and will aid in prioritizing conservation efforts. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1178–1186. © 2013 SETAC
Assessing recollection and familiarity of similar lures in a behavioral pattern separation task
Authors: Kim Jennifer , Yassa Michael A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe relationship between recollection‐mediated recognition memory and behavioral pattern separation is poorly understood. In two separate experiments, we modified a well‐validated object discrimination task with previously demonstrated sensitivity to neural pattern separation with instructions to assess recollection and familiarity. In the first experiment, we included a Remember/Know (R/K) judgment, and in the second we included a source memory judgment. We found that both “Remember” and correct source judgments were higher for lures labeled “similar” (where pattern separation is engaged) but also higher on lures called “old” (where pattern separation is absent), suggesting that false alarms in pattern separation tasks are frequently mediated by recollection. As one might expect, “Remember” judgments and correct source decisions increased with greater dissimilarity for “similar” responses and increased with greater similarity for “old” responses. This suggests that recollection can occur in the presence and in the absence of pattern separation and that false alarms to similar lures are not simply driven by familiarity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating actual evapotranspiration and impacts of groundwater storage change in the North China Plain
Authors: Cao Guoliang , Han Dongmei , Song Xianfang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs a critical water discharge term in basin‐scale water balance, accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is therefore important for sustainable water resources management. The understanding of the relationship between ET and groundwater storage change can improve our knowledge on the hydrological cycle in such regions with intensive agricultural land usage. Since the 1960s, the North China Plain (NCP) has experienced groundwater depletion because of overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture and urban development. Using meteorological data from 23 stations, the complementary relationship areal evapotranspiration model is evaluated against estimates of ET derived from regional water balance in the NCP during the period 1993–2008. The discrepancies between calculated ET and that derived by basin water balance indicate seasonal and interannual variations in model parameters. The monthly actual ET variations during the period from 1960 to 2008 are investigated by the calibrated model and then are used to derive groundwater storage change. The estimated actual ET is positively correlated with precipitation, and the general higher ET than precipitation indicates the contributions of groundwater irrigation to the total water supply. The long term decreasing trend in the actual ET can be explained by declining in precipitation, sunshine duration and wind speed. Over the past ~50 years, the calculated average annual water storage change, represented by the difference between actual ET and precipitation, was approximately 36 mm, or 4.8 km3; and the cumulative groundwater storage depletion was approximately 1700 mm, or 220 km3 in the NCP. The significantly groundwater storage depletion conversely affects the seasonal and interannual variations of ET. Irrigation especially during spring cause a marked increase in seasonal ET, whereas the rapid increasing of agricultural coverage over the NCP reduces the annual ET and is the primary control factor of the strong linear relationship between actual and potential ET. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risks and benefits of prophylactic inferior vena cava filters in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Birkmeyer Nancy J. , Finks Jonathan F. , English Wayne J. , Carlin Arthur M. , Hawasli Abdelkader A. , Genaw Jeffrey A. , Wood Michael H. , Share David A. , Birkmeyer John D. ,   Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUNDThe United States Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning about adverse events in patients receiving inferior vena cava (IVC) filters.OBJECTIVETo assess relationships between IVC filter insertion and complications while controlling for differences in baseline patient characteristics and medical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.DESIGNPropensity‐matched cohort study.SETTINGThe prospective, statewide, clinical registry of the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative.PATIENTSBariatric surgery patients (n=35,477) from 32 hospitals during the years 2006 through 2012.INTERVENTIONProphylactic IVC filter insertion.MEASUREMENTSOutcomes included the occurrence of complications (pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and overall combined rates of complications by severity) within 30 days of bariatric surgery.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the 1,077 patients with IVC filters and in 1,077 matched control patients. Patients receiving IVC filters had higher rates of pulmonary embolism (0.84% vs 0.46%; odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6‐6.5; P=0.232), deep vein thrombosis (1.2% vs 0.37%; OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1‐10.1; P=0.039), venous thromboembolism (1.9% vs 0.74%; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.3, P=0.027), serious complications (5.8% vs 3.8%; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0‐2.4; P=0.031), permanently disabling complications (1.2% vs 0.37%; OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐15.6; P=0.028), and death (0.7% vs 0.09%; OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 0.9‐57.3; P=0.068). Of the 7 deaths among patients with IVC filters, 4 were attributable to pulmonary embolism and 2 to IVC thrombosis/occlusion.CONCLUSIONSWe have identified no benefits and significant risks to the use of prophylactic IVC filters among bariatric surgery patients and believe that their use should be discouraged. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:173–177. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Linking micromorphism, brooding, and hermaphroditism in brachiopods: Insights from Caribbean Argyrotheca (Brachiopoda)
Authors: Kaulfuss Anne , Seidel Ronald , Lüter Carsten 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn extant brachiopods, parental brooding of the larvae occurs exclusively within Rhynchonelliformea. Methods of larval protection range from simple retention of the larvae within the mantle cavity, to sophisticated brood care within highly specialized brood pouches found in Argyrotheca and Joania (Terebratulida, Megathyridoidea), Gwynia (Terebratulida, Gwynioidea), and all Thecideoidea (Thecideida). Previous studies on the reproductive biology of Argyrotheca yielded contrasting results on the epithelial origin of the brood pouches in this genus. Here, representatives of different species of Argyrotheca from the Belize Barrier Reef were examined using histological section series. Brood pouches of four species, A. cf. schrammi and Argyrotheca sp. 1–3, are of the same basic structure, formed by invaginations of the anterior body wall and connected to the visceral cavity via the metanephridia. The same four species are simultaneously hermaphroditic, suggesting that fertilization is achieved, at least partly, through selfing. One species, Argyrotheca rubrocostata, differs significantly from all others as it has no brood pouch and gonochoric gonads. Thus, the presence of brood pouches and simultaneous hermaphroditism are concluded to be correlated within Megathyridoidea and proposed to be homologous traits of Joania and several but not all species of Argyrotheca, questioning the monophyletic status of both genera. In contrast to the brood pouches of Thecideoidea, lophophoral epithelium is not involved in the formation of the pouches of Argyrotheca and Joania. Therefore, megathyridoid and thecideoid brood pouches are not homologous but evolved independently within rhynchonelliform brachiopods. All brachiopods with brood pouches share a micromorphic form and a short life span, limiting the space and time available for gamete and larval development. We suggest that the brood pouches and the hermaphroditic gonads of Argyrotheca spp. and Joania compensate these limitations by minimizing the loss of gametes and larvae, and by maximizing the chances of successful fertilization. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inner architecture of vertebral centra in terrestrial and aquatic mammals: A two‐dimensional comparative study
Authors: Dumont Maitena , Laurin Michel , Jacques Florian , Pellé Eric , Dabin Willy , de Buffrénil Vivian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractInner vertebral architecture is poorly known, except in human and laboratory animals. In order to document this topic at a broad comparative level, a 2D‐histomorphometric study of vertebral centra was conducted in a sample of 98 therian mammal species, spanning most of the size range and representing the main locomotor adaptations known in therian taxa. Eleven variables relative to the development and geometry of trabecular networks were extracted from CT scan mid‐sagittal sections. Phylogeny‐informed statistical tests were used to reveal the respective influences of phylogeny, size, and locomotion adaptations on mammalian vertebral structure. The use of random taxon reshuffling and squared change parsimony reveals that 9 of the 11 characteristics (the two exceptions are total sectional area and structural polarization) contain a phylogenetic signal. Linear discriminant analyses suggest that the sampled taxa can be arranged into three categories with respect to locomotion mode: a) terrestrial + flying + digging + amphibious forms, b) coastal oscillatory aquatic taxa, and c) pelagic oscillatory aquatic forms represented by oceanic cetaceans. Pairwise comparison tests and linear regressions show that, when specific size increases, the length of trabecular network (Tt.Tb.Le), as well as trabecular proliferation in total sections (Pr.Tb.Tt), increase with positive allometry. This process occurs in all locomotion categories but is particularly pronounced in pelagic oscillators. Conversely, mean trabecular width has a lesser increase with size in pelagic oscillators. Trabecular orientation is not influenced by size. All tests were corrected for multiple testing. By using six structural variables or indices, locomotion mode can be predicted with a 97.4% success rate for terrestrial forms, 66.7% for coastal oscillatory, and 81.3% for pelagic oscillatory. The possible functional meaning of these results and their potential use for paleobiological inference of locomotion in extinct taxa are discussed. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of cosmetic tattoos with nonablative fractional laser in an animal model: A novel method with histopathologic evidence
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chen , Huang Chuen‐Lin , Lee Shao‐Chen , Sue Yuh‐Mou , Leu Fur‐Jiang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCosmetic tattoos are difficult to treat using Q‐switched lasers. We introduce a novel method for the treatment of cosmetic tattoos using a nonablative fractional laser and investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in an animal model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen rats were tattooed on their backs with white and flesh‐colored pigments. One‐half of each tattoo was treated with a 1,550‐nm, erbium:glass fractional laser system with energy settings of 17 mJ and 169 MTZ/cm2 × 2 passes for five sessions at 1‐month intervals. The untreated half of each tattoo served as the control. An independent physician reviewed the photographs and scored the clinical response. Serial skin samples were obtained at baseline and at various times after laser treatment. These tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for types I, III, and IV collagen; laminin; fibronectin; and α‐smooth muscle actin.ResultsWhite tattoos showed excellent responses in two rats and good responses in eight rats, whereas flesh‐colored tattoos showed excellent responses in four rats and good responses in six rats (P = 0.001 in both cases compared with baseline). Both tattoos exhibited a similar clearance rate (P > 0.05) and histological reactions. Microscopic epidermal necrotic debris (MEND) containing tattoo pigments and collagen fibrils appeared on day 1, increased on day 2, and was exfoliated after 5 days. The dermal–epidermal junction lost integrity 30 minutes after treatment, but recovered completely on day 3. The expression of fibronectin and collagen‐III, which play key roles in wound healing, increased around the microscopic treatment zone on days 1–5 and 4–7, respectively. A few myofibroblasts appeared on days 4–7.ConclusionNonablative fractional lasers (NAFLs) successfully remove cosmetic tattoos by transepidermal elimination of tattoo pigments through the disrupted dermal–epidermal junction. This action is facilitated by the wound healing process. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 116–122, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐separable multivariate filter banks from univariate wavelets
Authors: Chen Qiuhui , Ren Guangbin , Cerejeiras Paula , Kaehler Uwe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is the design of multivariate filter banks starting from univariate wavelet filters. The matrix completion is solved by utilizing some special Toeplitz matrices. A generalized method of rational polynomial univariate filter with preset zero points set is constructed.
Nerve strain correlates with structural changes quantified by fourier analysis
Authors: Love James M. , Chuang Ting‐Hsien , Lieber Richard L. , Shah Sameer B. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nerve deformation affects physiological function. Bands of Fontana are an optical manifestation of axonal undulations and may provide a structural indicator of nerve strain. Methods: We developed an automated Fourier‐based image processing method to quantify the periodicity of bands of Fontana both in bright field images and in axonal undulations in immunolabeled longitudinal sections. Results: We found a strong linear relationship between applied strain and the frequency of bands of Fontana in rat sciatic nerves (−0.0056 μm−⋅%−, r2 = 0.829; P < 0.05). This relationship agreed with the observed trend between strain and axonal waviness, calculated from longitudinal sections of sciatic nerves immunolabeled against myelin basic protein. Conclusions: This accurate and objective approach has potential to increase our understanding of structure–function relationships in the nervous system and to guide preservation and enhancement of neural function. Muscle Nerve 48: 433–435, 2013
Systemchemie an Grenzflächen
Authors: Heinke Lars , Gliemann Hartmut , Wöll Christof 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBeschichtungen mit metallorganischen Käfigverbindungen funktionalisieren Oberflächen. Diese porösen Hybridmaterialien lassen sich nach einem Baukastenprinzip herstellen und in ihren Eigenschaften vielfältig variieren.
Wissen über die gesamte Prozesskette
Authors: Maiwald Michael , Bremser Wolfram , Ostermann Markus , Paul Andrea , Zientek Nicolai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUm ressourcenschonend und sicher zu produzieren, ist es erforderlich, chemische Prozesse entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette zu verfolgen. Prozessanalytik muss bereits bei den Rohstoffen einsetzen und sämtliche Schritte prüfen. Dies erfordert neue Methoden und verfeinerte Messtechnik.
Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Brecker Lothar , Husa Markus 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMethoden der NMR‐Spektroskopie erfassen nicht‐kovalente Wechselwirkungen und geben so Auskunft über das Bindungsverhalten von Arzneimittelwirkstoffen an Rezeptoren oder an Trägersysteme.
Wissenschaft und Forschung in ihrer Stellung im Dritten Reich
Authors: Ausführungen Nach , Goebbels  
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm vergangenen Jahr ist Reichsminister Dr. Goebbels mehrfach irrtümlichen Auflassungen über die Stellung des geistigen Arbeiters im Volksganzen entgegengetreten. Im Rahmen dieser Ausführungen wurde auch wiederholt die Wichtigkeit der Forschung unterstrichen, so daß der Herausgeber es für zweckmäßig hielt, durch Ausschnitte aus diesen Schriften die Ausführungen der vorher zur Sprache gekommenen Forscher zu unterstreichen. Die folgenden Abschnitte sind entnommen aus der Rede: “Der geistige Arbeiter im Schicksalskampf des Reiches”, die am 9. Juli 1943 vor der Heidelberger Universität gehalten wurde (als Druckschrift im Eher‐Verlag erschienen) und aus einem Aufsatz in der deutschen Wochenzeitschrift “Das Reich” vom 13. Juni 1943, der den Titel trug “Von der Arbeit des Geistes”.
Die Schlüsselstellung der Physik
Authors: Ramsauer C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAus einem Vortrag vom 6. August 1942 bzw. dessen bearbeiteter Niederschrift in den Naturwissenschaften 31, 285, 1943, sind die anschließenden Ausführungen des Vorsitzenden der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft entnommen. Es handelt sich um diejenigen Teile des Vortrags, in denen auf die Bedeutung der physikalischen Forschung als technischer und militärischer Machtfaktor hingewiesen wird. Der Beweis hierfür wird einerseits an Hand von praktischen Beispielen aus der Geschichte der Technik, andererseits durch die Analyse des Vorlesungsverzeichnisses der Berliner Technischen Hochschule erbracht.
Ueber die Gefahr der Zurückdrängung der exakten Naturwissenschaften an den Schulen und Hochschulen
Authors: Thomsen G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAm 22. November 1933, also vor bereits 10 Jahren, hielt der Mathematik‐Professor G. Thomsen vor der mathematisch‐naturwissenschaftlichen Fachschaft der Rostocker Universität einen Vortrag, in dem er auf die große Gefahr hinwies, die in dem Zurückgehen der exakten Naturwissenschaften im Reich zu erkennen war. Nach dem Tode des Autors wurde Anfang 1934 dieser Vortrag in den Neuen Jahrbüchern für Wissenschaft und Jugendbildung (Heft 2, 1934) abgedruckt. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für technische Physik legte den Abdruck bald darauf ihrem Organ, der Zeitschrift für technische Physik, bei und brachte diese seherischen Worte Thomsens den Physikern zur Kenntnis.Es mag genügen, bei dem Wiederabdruck des gekürzten ersten Teiles dieses Vortrages an die harten, klaren Worte zu erinnern, die Thomsen als Naturwissenschaftler für alle übrigen sprach: “Senkung unserer wissenschaftlichen Spezial‐bildung würde einem Selbstmord unseres Volkes gleichkommen.”
Aktivierung des Akademikernachwuchspotentials
Authors: Eisendrahi E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm Folgenden kommt der größte Teil eines Beitrages von Dipl.‐Volkswirt Ernst Eisendraht, Berlin, aus “Die soziale Praxis” 1943 Hft. 5 S. 135 zum Abdruck. Die Betrachtungen bringen allgemeine Gedanken über die Beseitigung des Nachwuchsmangels und die Wege zur optimalen Behandlung dieses Problems. Die Betrachtungen sind nicht für die Naturwissenschaften oder gar — noch spezieller — für die Physik geschrieben. Sie sind jedoch unmittelbar auf das wichtige physikalische Nachwuchsproblem anzuwenden. Der Beitrag enthält eine Anzahl von Gedanken von besonderer Wichtigkeit. So stellt der Autor die Forderung auf, daß das in der Nation vorhandene Begabungsgut unbedingt zu mobilisieren sei und zur Entfaltung gebracht werden müsse, was für die Physik bedeutet, daß die für physikalische Forschungen geeigneten, aus der Erbmasse neu aufsteigenden Kräfte gesucht und frühzeitig einer guten physikalischen Ausbildung zugeführt werden müssen. Wenn dann die Ausbildungsstellen ihre Aufgaben erfüllen und die Einschätzung der geistigen Berufe durch die Öffentlichkeit eine Aufwertung erfährt, würden wir einen menschlich und beruflich hochstehenden Nachwuchs erhalten, der in entsagungsvoller Forschung und hingebungsvoller Arbeit einen wichtigen Aktivposten unserer nationalen Zukunft darstellt. Sein Gewicht könne gar nicht hoch genug veranschlagt werden. Wir würden so den in den letzten Jahrzehnten, gegenüber dem 19. Jahrhundert stark gesunkenen Leistungsstand wieder heben.
Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs und höhere Schule
Authors: Hahn K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNun ergreift ein Schulmann das Wort zu den Problemen, deren Behandlung diese Blätter dienen. Der Sonderbeauftragte des Reichserziehungsministers für den Einsatz von Luftwaffenhelfern in einem Luftgau spricht abermals das aus, was in den früheren Beiträgen von Forschern und Hochschullehrern über die naturwissenschaftliche Forschung und ihre Wichtigkeit gesagt wurde. Prof. Hahn, der Nachfolger Grimsehls, bleibt aber nicht dabei stehen, sondern weist als Lehrer mit großem Nachdruck auf den Menschen als Voraussetzung der erfolgreichen Forschung hin. Wer die wissenschaftliche Laufbahn ergreift, muß wie der Künstler Idealist sein. Diesen Idealisten prägt in dem Jüngling Elternhaus und Schule. Voraussetzung ist ein Jüngling, der nach Begabung und Anlage das Zeug zum Forscher und Wissenschaftler hat. Ihn gilt es schon im Jungen zu finden und für die große und schöne Aufgabe zu begeistern. Dazu müssen Schule und Hochschule in ihren Aufgaben und Wirkungsmöglichkeiten aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Ersterer fällt die Begeisterung der Jugend und die Weckung der schlummernden Fähigkeiten zu, letzterer die Vermittlung von Wissen und Können und die Heranbildung zum reifen Wissenschaftler.
Deutsche Forschung im Kriege
Authors: Mentzel  
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Einschätzung der Forschung im Großdeutschen Reich findet ihren Ausdruck darin, daß Reichsmarschall Göring Präsident des Reichsforschungsrates ist. Der Leiter deß geschäftsführenden Beirats, Ministerialdirektor Prof. Dr. Mentzel, hat im Juli 1943 einen Rundfunk‐Vortrag gehalten, der dann in der Ausgabe vom 10. Juli im “Völkischen Beobachter” zum Abdruck gelangte. In der gleichen Ausgabe war auch die Rede von Dr. Goebbels an das geistige Deutschland wiedergegeben, die er am 9. Juli 1943 auf einer Großkundgebung in Heidelberg hielt und aus der wir im ersten Heft bereits einen Auszug brachten. Wegen der Bedeutung der grundsätzlichen Ausführungen eines an leitender Stelle in der Forschung stehenden Mannes sei der Vortrag von Prof. Mentzel im folgenden ohne Kürzung wiedergegeben.