bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First lacustrine application of the diatom‐bound nitrogen isotope paleo‐proxy reveals coupling of denitrification and N2 fixation in a hyper‐eutrophic lake
Authors: Studer Anja S. , Wörmer Lars , Vogel Hendrik , Dubois Nathalie , Bartosiewicz Maciej , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe , Lepori Fabio , Lehmann Moritz F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPast changes in the input/output, and internal cycling, of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in marine and lacustrine environments can be reconstructed by analyzing the N isotopic composition (δ15N) of organic matter in the sedimentary record. To verify, and eliminate, potential biases of bulk sedimentary δ15N (δ15Nbulk) signatures by diagenetic alteration and external N inputs, we applied, for the first time, the diatom‐bound N isotope (δ15Ndb) paleo‐proxy to lake sediments. By comparing δ15Nbulk and δ15Ndb in a sedimentary record from eutrophic Lake Lugano (Switzerland), we demonstrate that changing redox conditions influence the degree of N‐isotopic alteration of the bulk sediment, emphasizing the need for caution when interpreting δ15Nbulk in paleolimnological studies. Furthermore, in combining δ15Ndb measurements with X‐ray fluorescence scanning and state‐of‐the‐art molecular biomarker analyses, we reconstruct nutrient cycling and paleoenvironmental conditions in the lake over the past ~ 125 yr. Coeval with the period of severe eutrophication in Lake Lugano in the 1960s, our proxy data indicate that export production, δ15Ndb, and the concentration of heterocyst glycolipids (a biomarker for N2‐fixing cyanobacteria) increased simultaneously. Together, these data suggest that the rise in δ15Ndb is likely the result of enhanced water‐column denitrification in response to increased phytoplankton productivity. We hypothesize that greater export production during eutrophication led to anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion as a result of enhanced organic matter remineralization, raising water‐column denitrification. Enhanced N loss and remobilization of phosphorous (P) from the sediments under anoxic conditions lowered the N : P ratio in the lake, fostering cyanobacterial N2 fixation in surface waters.
Automated Video‐Based Approach for the Diagnosis of Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Schappert Ronja , Verrel Julius , Brügge Nele Sophie , Li Frédéric , Paulus Theresa , Becker Leonie , Bäumer Tobias , Beste Christian , Roessner Veit , Fudickar Sebastian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of tics is the main basis for the diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Video‐based tic assessments are time consuming.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the potential of automated video‐based tic detection for discriminating between videos of adults with GTS and healthy control (HC) participants.MethodsThe quantity and temporal structure of automatically detected tics/extra movements in videos from adults with GTS (107 videos from 42 participants) and matched HCs were used to classify videos using cross‐validated logistic regression.ResultsVideos were classified with high accuracy both from the quantity of tics (balanced accuracy of 87.9%) and the number of tic clusters (90.2%). Logistic regression prediction probability provides a graded measure of diagnostic confidence. Expert review of about 25% of lower‐confidence predictions could ensure an overall classification accuracy above 95%.ConclusionsAutomated video‐based methods have a great potential to support quantitative assessment and clinical decision‐making in tic disorders.
A New Case Series Suggests That SCA48 (ATX/STUB1) Is Primarily a Monogenic Disorder
Authors: van Prooije Teije H. , Pennings Maartje , Dorresteijn Lucille , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Odekerken Vincent J.J. , Oosterloo Mayke , Pedersen Annie , Verschuuren‐Bemelmans Corien C. , Vrancken Alexander , Kamsteeg Erik‐Jan , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMonoallelic, pathogenic STUB1 variants cause autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ATX‐STUB1/SCA48). Recently, a genetic interaction between STUB1 variants and intermediate or high‐normal CAG/CAA repeats in TBP was suggested, indicating digenic inheritance or a disease‐modifying role for TBP expansions.ObjectiveTo determine the presence and impact of intermediate or high‐normal TBP expansions in ataxic patients with heterozygous STUB1 variants.MethodsWe describe 21 patients with ataxia carrying a heterozygous STUB1 variant and determined TBP repeat length.ResultsA total of 15 of 21 patients (71%) carried a normal TBP
<40 allele, 4 (19%) carried an intermediate TBP
41–42 allele, and two carried a high‐normal TBP
40 allele (9.5%). Five of six carriers (83%) of both STUB1 variants and TBP
40–42 alleles showed marked cognitive impairment.ConclusionsSCA48 is predominantly a monogenic disorder, because most patients carried an isolated, heterozygous STUB1 variant and presented with the typical combined phenotype of ataxia and cognitive dysfunction. Still, co‐occurrence of TBP
41–42 or high‐normal TBP40 alleles was relatively frequent and associated with marked cognitive defects (28.5%), suggesting a modifying effect on clinical expression in some cases.
Next‐generation sequencing identifies that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D mutation is favorable to immunotherapy in human cancer
Authors: Huang Yongsheng , Liao Jianwei , Gao Ming , Fu Sha , Liang Faya , Jiang Yuanling , Luo Jiahuan , Huang Jinghua , Tan Ni , Wang Danlan , Yin Xinke , Ren Shuwei , Lin Peiliang , Chen Renhui , Han Ping , Huang Xiaoming , Ouyang Nengtai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase receptors (PTPRs) play a crucial part in numerous tumor processes. However, the effect of PTPR mutations on the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response needs to be further clarified. Next‐generation sequencing was performed on 453 cancer patients in our internal cohort. The genomic alterations, tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigens, and immune‐related features/pathways of other cohorts were analyzed. Here, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) has a high mutation frequency and an intensified co‐occurrence with other PTPRs. Patients who responded to ICI therapy were enriched with the PTPRD mutation (PTPRD‐MUT). PTPRD‐MUT patients had a higher objective response rate (44.1% vs. 29.1%), TMB/neoantigens, and longer overall survival time than PTPRD‐wild‐type (PTPRD‐WT) patients. Genomic alterations with a higher mutation frequency of genes (such as LRP1B) were enriched in PTPRD‐MUT patients. More abundant immune cells (including CD8+ T cells and macrophages) and upregulated immune‐related genes were found in PTPRD‐MUT patients. Moreover, Gene sets enrichment analyses showed that multiple antitumor immune pathways are activated in PTPRD‐MUT patients. Therefore, PTPRD‐MUT is beneficial for immunotherapy of multiple cancer types and may be a predictive biomarker of patient clinical outcomes.
Assessing multilevel barriers to hydroxyurea adherence in youth with sickle cell disease using pharmacy‐based refill records
Authors: Smaldone Arlene , Manwani Deepa , Aygun Banu , Appiah‐Kubi Abena , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Green Nancy S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSuboptimal medication adherence is common across youth with chronic health conditions and may contribute to health disparities and adverse health outcomes, especially in underserved communities.MethodsUsing pharmacy prescription records and guided by the World Health Organization Multidimensional Adherence Model, we examined patient‐, treatment‐, and health system–related factors that may affect hydroxyurea adherence in 72 youth with sickle cell disease (SCD), 10‐18 years who had participated in the multisite “Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in SCD” (HABIT) feasibility (6 months) and efficacy (12 months) trials. Pharmacy data were collected from the year prior to study entry through the duration of each trial. We also examined hydroxyurea dose at baseline, prescribing patterns (hydroxyurea formulation and dose prescribed), quantity of hydroxyurea dispensed, and number of daily capsules/tablets prescribed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOn average, youth were prescribed 1095 ± 402 mg hydroxyurea per day, requiring ingestion of 3 or more capsules for 39.4% of youth. Frequently identified potential barriers were complex medication regimens in which dose of hydroxyurea differed by day of week (47.2%); receipt of an inadequate (< 30 days) supply of hydroxyurea from the pharmacy ≥ 3 times during record collection period (29.2%); and prescription of hydroxyurea suspension suggesting problems swallowing capsules (22.2%). In this sample, most youth were exclusively prescribed 500 mg capsules (62.5%), which was associated with complex medication regimens (RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4‐6.7). Potential barriers were common, occurred at all levels and are potentially modifiable with targeted interventions at the treatment‐ and health system–related levels.
Mechanical property of powder bed fusion printed carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone and enhanced interlayer strength by post‐processing
Authors: Yan Mengxue , Tian Xiaoyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composites with excellent performance by Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) has great potential in the applications where high strength and high service temperature are required. However, the reinforcement mechanisms of CF/PEEK composites based on the PBF process are complex and show significant differences from traditional processing methods. In this paper, the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK prepared by PBF were investigated. The results showed that its X‐axis tensile strength and modulus were approximately equal to or a bit lower than the theoretical value with randomly distributed CF, but much lower than the theoretical value with unidirectional distribution of CF in composites. Meanwhile, mechanical strength anisotropy was observed. The composites' Y‐axis tensile strength was slightly lower than X‐axis, and the lowest strength existed in Z‐axis. To improve the weak Z‐axis strength, post‐processing of annealing and solvent‐induced crystallization were carried out, and the Z‐axis tensile strength of post‐processed parts reached 50 MPa, which was 62% higher than untreated samples. Consequently, suitable CF and proper post‐ processing for AM of high strength CF/PEEK were proposed, which would promote the industrial application of this technology.Highlights
The effect of CF on mechanical property of CF/PEEK prepared by PBF were studied.
The optimal CF for PBF of high strength CF/PEEK were obtained.
The post‐processing method for improving the Z‐axis strength were proposed.
CF/PEEK with comprehensive mechanical property was successfully prepared by PBF.
Phytochemicals targeting ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Recent advances and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Li Lu , Yang Yi , Ou Dinglin , Yang Junjie , Xie Jiachen , Du Wenya , Tong Yuling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of iron‐dependent regulatory cell death that is related to the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. This makes it a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. It is interesting that a significant number of cardiovascular disease treatment drugs derived from phytochemicals have been shown to target ferroptosis, thus producing cardioprotective effects. This study offers a concise overview of the initiation and control mechanisms of ferroptosis. It discusses the core regulatory factors of ferroptosis as potential new therapeutic targets for various cardiovascular diseases, elucidating how ferroptosis influences the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, this review systematically summarizes the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on ferroptosis, emphasizing their potential mechanisms and clinical applications in treating cardiovascular diseases. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals in treating cardiovascular diseases. This may accelerate their application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and is worth further research in this field.
Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status Among Rwandan Women Engaged in Agriculture: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Xavier Sunday François , Kwizera Philemon , Umwungerimwiza Yves Didier , Reverien Rutayisire , Philbert Kanimba , Delice Ilinde Niyigena , Umugwaneza Maryse 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDietary diversity is crucial for nutritional adequacy, particularly among women of reproductive age who have increased nutritional needs due to menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation. This is especially important in addressing anemia in Rwanda, which poses significant health risks for both mothers and children. This study assessed the dietary diversity, nutritional status, and related factors among Rwandan women engaged in agriculture.MethodsIn 2022, a cross‐sectional study in Nyamagabe, Karongi, and Nyabihu districts, Rwanda, focused on high malnutrition rates. Agriculture households with children under 5 were sampled using a multistage method. Data, including nutritional status via MUAC and dietary diversity via 24‐h recall, were collected digitally through Kobo Collect.ResultsThe study included 439 respondents, with a mean age of 33 years. Among participants, 359 (81.8%) had low dietary diversity, with Nyamagabe having the highest proportion at 39%. Anemia prevalence was 22.1%, with Karongi having the highest at 10.7%. Factors associated with higher odds of high dietary diversity included the education of the household head (adjusted OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.05–39.7), age of women (adjusted OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.1–7.8), and wealth status (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.51–5.4). Conversely, the occupation of women (adjusted OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.001–0.19), reading skills (adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.1–0.72), and family size (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.35–1.1) were associated with lower odds of lower dietary diversity.ConclusionThe findings highlight a significant nutritional challenge among Rwandan women, with low dietary diversity, significant rates of anemia, and food insecurity. The study calls for an urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions to improve dietary diversity and address micronutrient deficiencies among women in agriculture to enhance maternal health and child development, thereby contributing to broader public health goals.
Contraceptive Counselling and Uptake Among Female Kidney Transplant Recipients in Ethiopia
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Mohamed Lina , Tesfalul Martha , Tadesse Filagot 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundContraceptive counselling and utilization for kidney transplant patients is a vital component of their kidney transplant care. The use of standardized information on contraceptive methods to prevent unplanned post‐transplant pregnancies in Africa in general is less studied. This study aimed to describe contraceptive counselling and uptake among kidney transplant recipients at a kidney transplant centre in Ethiopia.MethodsA descriptive study on contraceptive counselling and uptake among female Ethiopian kidney transplant recipients was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia) from April 15 to July 15, 2023. Data on women's sociodemographic, renal transplantation and contraceptive counselling and use were collected through interviewing the participants using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed on SPSS 23 using simple descriptive analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to present the results.ResultsA total of 60 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the participants was 33.7 ± 8.4 years. The median duration from the time of renal transplant was 19 months. Most (49/60, 81.7%) of the participants reported that they did not receive family planning counselling on contraceptive methods in the early post‐transplant phase. The rate of contraceptive uptake was 8.3% (5/60) with two patients being copper IUD users, and Implanon, tubal ligation and combined oral contraceptives each utilized by a single kidney transplant patient.ConclusionContraceptive counselling and uptake rates among female kidney transplant recipients in this study were very low, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. Increasing female kidney transplant patients’ awareness on safe and effective contraceptive use through adequate contraceptive counselling is essential.
A new global daily sea‐surface temperature analysis system at Environment and Climate Change Canada
Authors: Skachko Sergey , Buehner Mark , Caya Alain , Ngueto Yves Franklin , Surcel‐Colan Dorina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new global daily sea‐surface temperature (SST) analysis system has been developed at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). All components of the new SST analysis system are implemented within the Modular and Integrated Data Assimilation System (MIDAS) software. MIDAS is already used for the data assimilation component of the main operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems at ECCC. The new SST analysis system, integrated together with the global sea‐ice analysis, will be part of the combined ocean surface analysis used for all operational prediction systems at ECCC. The data assimilation method used to compute the new SST analyses is two‐dimensional variational method with a diffusion operator for representing the horizontal background‐error correlations. A new algorithm for satellite data bias estimation has also been developed employing gridded bias estimates computed from a spatial averaging of the differences between collocated satellite and in‐situ data. New algorithms for quality control and thinning of satellite data have also been implemented, making each type of observational dataset more evenly distributed over the globe. The performance of the new SST system is examined relative to the current operational SST system by using independent data. The impact of using the new SST analysis within NWP and ocean prediction systems is also evaluated. When compared with the operational system currently in use, the experiments employing the new SST analysis system produce a nearly neutral impact on the NWP and ocean prediction systems. This validation of the new system is an important first step towards the ability to use MIDAS to perform ensemble‐based three‐dimensional ocean and coupled ocean‐ice–atmosphere data assimilation.
Bias and variation in salmonid redd counting using remotely piloted vehicles
Authors: Auerbach Daniel S. , Fremier Alexander K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRedd surveys estimate spawning population size for many salmonid species. Studies of field‐based redd counting methods highlight observer bias caused by redd density, observer experience, and environmental factors. Researchers have begun using remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs, drones) to count redds; yet, no studies have quantified bias and variability in counts. This study aimed to quantify the influence of redd density, observer experience, and environmental factors (namely, water clarity) on redd counting bias and variability when using RPVs. We found that technological and procedural improvements from our previous study increased precision and reduced variability among observers (coefficient of variation, сυ = 11% compared to сυ = 42%). Redd density was the leading covariate causing differences between RPV and both “best counts” (p < 0.05) and field counts (p < 0.05). We found a reduction in variability with experience level (no experience сυ = 78%; semi‐experienced сυ = 33%; experienced сυ = 20%), with no directional bias in counting. Our paper is the first to quantify observer bias in RPV‐based redd counts. This study describes RPV methods and can help agencies decide how to use RPVs in redd counting and incorporate RPV methods into long‐term datasets.
A Chemo‐Mechanically Coupled DNA Origami Clamp Capable of Generating Robust Compression Forces
Authors: Xie Chun , Chen Kuiting , Chen Zhekun , Hu Yingxin , Pan Linqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDNA nanostructures have been utilized to study biological mechanical processes and construct artificial nanosystems. Many application scenarios necessitate nanodevices able to robustly generate large single molecular forces. However, most existing dynamic DNA nanostructures are triggered by probabilistic hybridization reactions between spatially separated DNA strands, which only non‐deterministically generate relatively small compression forces (≈0.4 piconewtons (pN)). Here, an intercalator‐triggered dynamic DNA origami nanostructure is developed, where large amounts of local binding reactions between intercalators and the nanostructure collectively lead to the robust generation of relatively large compression forces (≈11.2 pN). Biomolecular loads with different stiffnesses, 3, 4, and 6‐helix DNA bundles are efficiently bent by the compression forces. This work provides a robust and powerful force‐generation tool for building highly chemo‐mechanically coupled molecular machines in synthetic nanosystems.
Harnessing the Propulsive Force of Microalgae with Microtrap to Drive Micromachines
Authors: Oda Haruka , Shimizu Naoto , Morimoto Yuya , Takeuchi Shoji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroorganisms possess remarkable locomotion abilities, making them potential candidates for micromachine propulsion. Here, the use of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (CR) is explored, a motile green alga, as a micromotor by harnessing its propulsive force with microtraps. The objectives include developing the microtrap structure, evaluating trapping efficiency, and investigating the movement dynamics of biohybrid micromachines driven by CR. Experimental analysis demonstrates that trap design significantly influences trapping efficiency, with a specific trap configuration (multi‐ring structure with diameters of 7 µm – 10 µm – 13 µm) showing the highest effectiveness. The micromachine empowered with two CRs facing the same direction exhibits complex, random‐like motion with yaw, pitch, and roll movements, while the micromachine with four CRs in a circular position each facing the tangential direction of the circle demonstrates controlled rotational motion. These findings highlight the degree of freedom and movement potential of biohybrid micromachines.
Vacancies‐Induced Delocalized States Cobalt Phosphide for Binder‐Free Anode Toward Stable and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Heng , Cheng Junquan , Xia Xin , Qiu Lang , Liu Feng , Sun Wei , Bai Youcun , Li Chang Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal phosphides with easy synthesis, controllable morphology, and high capacity are considered as potential anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the inherent shortcomings of metal phosphating materials, such as conductivity, kinetics, volume strain, etc are not satisfactory, which hinders their large‐scale application. Here, a CoP@carbon nanofibers‐composite containing rich Co─N─C heterointerface and phosphorus vacancies grown on carbon cloth (CoP1‐x@MEC) is synthesized as SIB anode to accomplish extraordinary capacity and ultra‐long cycle life. The hybrid composite nanoreactor effectively impregnates defective CoP as active reaction center while offering Co─N─C layer to buffer the volume expansion during charge–discharge process. These vast active interfaces, favored electrolyte infiltration, and a well‐structured ion‐electron transport network synergistically improve Na+ storage and electrode kinetics. By virtue of these superiorities, CoP1‐x@MEC binder‐free anode delivers superb SIBs performance including a high areal capacity (2.47 mAh cm−2@0.2 mA cm−2), high rate capability (0.443 mAh cm−2@6 mA cm−2), and long cycling stability (300 cycles without decay), thus holding great promise for inexpensive binder‐free anode‐based SIBs for practical applications.