bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent Plasmonic Nanowire Electrodes via Self‐Organised Ion Beam Nanopatterning
Authors: Chiappe Daniele , Toma Andrea , de Mongeot Francesco Buatier 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA self‐organised approach for the synthesis of transparent metal nanowire arrays is based on defocused ion beam sputtering. The nanowire arrays, supported on low‐cost dielectric substrates (glass slides), feature a dual functionality: they exhibit anisotropic conductivity, with sheet resistances which are reduced in comparison to those of transparent conductive oxides, and additionally they support localised plasmon resonances. The latter represents an attractive feature in view of plasmon enhanced photon harvesting applications, in which the nanostructured metal electrodes are employed as an alternative to conventional transparent conductive oxides.
Concise Review: The Relevance of Human Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Models for Epithelial Translational Medicine
Authors: Hynds Robert E. , Giangreco Adam 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEpithelial organ remodeling is a major contributing factor to worldwide death and disease, costing healthcare systems billions of dollars every year. Despite this, most fundamental epithelial organ research fails to produce new therapies and mortality rates for epithelial organ diseases remain unacceptably high. In large part, this failure in translating basic epithelial research into clinical therapy is due to a lack of relevance in existing preclinical models. To correct this, new models are required that improve preclinical target identification, pharmacological lead validation, and compound optimization. In this review, we discuss the relevance of human stem cell-derived, three-dimensional organoid models for addressing each of these challenges. We highlight the advantages of stem cell-derived organoid models over existing culture systems, discuss recent advances in epithelial tissue-specific organoids, and present a paradigm for using organoid models in human translational medicine.
Evaluation of changes in power wheelchair maneuver induced by a downhill turning prevention control on cross sloped surfaces
Authors: Suzurikawa Jun , Kinoshita Takafumi , Inoue Takenobu , Kamo Mitsuhiro , Iida Norikazu , Iwata Kakuya , Matsumoto Osamu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn order to improve direction stability of a power wheelchair on a cross‐sloped surface, a downhill turning prevention control (DTPC) has been developed by some researchers and wheelchair suppliers. The DTPC‐induced effect on wheelchair maneuver, however, has not been well clarified. In this study, we quantitatively assessed DTPC‐induced changes in joystick control strategies during a driving task on a cross‐sloped test course. Among several evaluation measures calculated from the joystick inputs during the test trials, the x‐axis joystick displacement amount was found to be significantly decreased by the DTPC. This result suggests that the DTPC can save wheelchair users from the burden of compensation control on cross‐sloped surfaces. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recursive QR packet combining for uplink single‐carrier multi‐user MIMO HARQ using near ML detection
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Adachi Koichi , Sun Sumei , Adachi Fumiyuki 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTQR decomposition‐based near maximum likelihood block detection significantly improves the transmission performance of uplink single‐carrier (SC) multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO). Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is an indispensable error control technique for high‐quality packet data transmission. The achievable diversity gain of HARQ depends on the packet combining strategy. In uplink MU‐MIMO HARQ, the received signal may consist of new packets and retransmitted packets as retransmission for each user acts independently. In this paper, a recursive QR packet combining scheme suitable for uplink SC MU‐MIMO HARQ is proposed, which takes into account the number of retransmissions for each user in the detection order. The computational complexity and required storage size can be significantly reduced by the proposed scheme. Moreover, it improves the packet error rate performance and throughput performance significantly over the conventional bit‐level log likelihood ratio packet combining, as shown by our computer simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Characterization of Samarium and Erbium Borohydrido Complexes Supported by N‐Aryliminopyrrole Ligand
Authors: Naktode Kishor , Kottalanka Ravi K. , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractReaction of potassium salt of N‐aryliminopyrrole ligand [2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3NK] (1) with samarium tris‐boro‐hydride [Sm(BH4)3(THF)3] gave a samarium ate complex [η2‐{2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3N}3Sm(η1‐BH4){K(THF)6] (2); whereas similar treatment with erbium borohydride [Er(BH4)3(THF)3] afforded the mono(iminopyrrolyl) complex [η2‐{2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3N}Er(η3‐BH4)2(THF)2] (3). In the solid‐state structures, the samarium complex 2 shows a rarely observed η1 and the erbium complex 3 shows a usual η3 coordination mode of the borohydrido ligand.
Formal verification of security protocol implementations: a survey
Authors: Avalle Matteo , Pironti Alfredo , Sisto Riccardo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Automated formal verification of security protocols has been mostly focused on analyzing high-level abstract models which, however, are significantly different from real protocol implementations written in programming languages. Recently, some researchers have started investigating techniques that bring automated formal proofs closer to real implementations. This paper surveys these attempts, focusing on approaches that target the application code that implements protocol logic, rather than the libraries that implement cryptography. According to these approaches, libraries are assumed to correctly implement some models. The aim is to derive formal proofs that, under this assumption, give assurance about the application code that implements the protocol logic. The two main approaches of model extraction and code generation are presented, along with the main techniques adopted for each approach.
Accumulation of selected phenolics and expression of PAL genes in carrots differing in their susceptibility to carrot fly (Psila rosae F.)
Authors: Simlat Magdalena , Stobiecki Maciej , Szklarczyk Marek 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThree research problems were addressed in this work: an extent of root damage caused by carrot fly (Psila rosae) in a collection of carrot breeding accessions as well as correlation between resistance to this pest and accumulation of certain phenolics and mRNAs of the genes coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Differences in susceptibility between the studied accessions were statistically significant. The most resistant were lines 7262A and DC 96367. Moreover, no correlation was observed between accumulation of the specific metabolites and the extent of the root damage. However, proportion of certain phenolics exhibited positive correlation with the resistant phenotype. This was shown for the ratios of luteolin 7-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and methyluteolin 7-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. Susceptibility of roots to larval damage also correlated with semi-quantitatively estimated accumulation of PAL1 and PAL3 mRNAs in leaves. Both PAL genes were expressed at the highest level in line DC 96367 and less strongly in line 7262A. Distinctly lower accumulation of the PAL transcripts was observed for the susceptible varieties: Dolanka and Karotan.
Optimally Locating Additional Drill Holes in Three Dimensions Using Grade and Simulated Annealing
Authors: Mohammadi Saeed Soltani , Hezarkhani Ardeshir , Tercan A. Erhan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Average kriging variance is a standard tool used in optimization of the location of additional drill holes. However, this tool cannot distinguish between areas with different priorities. This limitation could be eliminated by using weighted average kriging variance. This paper extends the problem of optimal location to three dimensional cases, use grade as a weight and search optimum locations by simulated annealing. Weighted average kriging variance is used as objective function. The method is applied to a copper deposit. Results have shown that weighting of the estimation variance with “grade” is effective only when the difference among the grades estimated for different blocks is considerable.
Going Nuclear? Family Structure and Young Women’s Health in India, 1992–2006
Authors: Allendorf Keera 
Published: December 2012

AbstractScholars traditionally argued that industrialization, urbanization, and educational expansion lead to a decline in extended families and complementary rise in nuclear families. Some have suggested that such transitions are good for young married women because living in nuclear families benefits their health. However, extended families may also present advantages for young women’s health that outweigh any disadvantages. Using the Indian National Family Health Survey, this article examines whether young married women living in nuclear families have better health than those in patrilocal extended families. It also examines whether young married women’s living arrangements are changing over time and, if so, how such changes will affect their health. Results show that young married women living in nuclear families do not have better health than those in patrilocal extended families. Of eight health outcomes examined, only five differ significantly by family structure. Further, of the five outcomes that differ, four are patrilocal extended-family advantages and only one is a nuclear-family advantage. From 1992 to 2006, the percentage of young married women residing in nuclear families increased, although the majority remained in patrilocal extended families. This trend toward nuclear families will not benefit young women’s health.
Social Patterning in Body Mass Index (BMI) Among Contemporary Immigrant Groups: The Emergence of a Gradient
Authors: Frank Reanne , Akresh Ilana Redstone 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Although adult body mass index (BMI) displays considerable social patterning worldwide, the direction and strength of the relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status (SES) varies cross nationally. We examine social gradients in BMI for contemporary U.S. immigrants and evaluate whether their SES-BMI gradient patterns are shaped by underlying gradients in immigrant origin countries and whether they are further patterned by time in the United States. Data come from the New Immigrant Survey, the only nationally representative survey of contemporary immigrants. Results indicate that the inverse SES-BMI gradients observed among this population are strongest among women originating in highly developed countries. After arrival in the United States, however, inverse gradient patterns are driven largely by higher weights among low-SES individuals, particularly those from less-developed countries. We conclude that although certain immigrants appear to be uniquely protected from weight gain, poorer individuals from less-developed countries are doubly disadvantaged; this raises concerns about worsening inequalities in both diet and behavior between the rich and poor upon arrival to the United States.
The cohomological equation and invariant distributions for horocycle maps
Authors: TANIS JAMES 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe study the invariant distributions for horocycle maps on $\Gamma \backslash SL(2, \mathbb {R})$and prove Sobolev estimates for the cohomological equation of horocycle maps. As an application, we obtain a rate of equidistribution for horocycle maps on compact manifolds.
Microstructural theory and the rheology of concentrated colloidal suspensions
Authors: Nazockdast Ehssan , Morris Jeffrey F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA theory for the analytical prediction of microstructure of concentrated Brownian suspensions of spheres in simple-shear flow is developed. The computed microstructure is used in a prediction of the suspension rheology. A near-hard-sphere suspension is studied for solid volume fraction $\phi \leq 0. 55$ and Péclet number $Pe= 6\lrm{\pi} \eta \dot {\gamma } {a}^{3} / {k}_{b} T\leq 100$; $a$ is the particle radius, $\eta $ is the suspending Newtonian fluid viscosity, $\dot {\gamma } $ is the shear rate, ${k}_{b} $ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is absolute temperature. The method developed determines the steady pair distribution function $g(\mathbi{r})$, where $\mathbi{r}$ is the pair separation vector, from a solution of the Smoluchowski equation (SE) reduced to pair level. To account for the influence of the surrounding bath of particles on the interaction of a pair, an integro-differential form of the pair SE is developed; the integral portion represents the forces due to the bath which drive the pair interaction. Hydrodynamic interactions are accounted for in a pairwise fashion, based on the dominant influence of pair lubrication interactions for concentrated suspensions. The SE is modified to include the influence of shear-induced relative diffusion, and this is found to be crucial for success of the theory; a simple model based on understanding of the shear-induced self-diffusivity is used for this property. The computation of the microstructure is split into two parts, one specific to near-equilibrium ($Pe\ll 1$), where a regular perturbation expansion of $g$ in $Pe$ is applied, and a general-$Pe$ solution of the full SE. The predicted microstructure at low $Pe$ agrees with prior theory for dilute conditions, and becomes increasingly distorted from the equilibrium isotropic state as $\phi $ increases at fixed $Pe\lt 1$. Normal stress differences are predicted and the zero-shear viscosity predicted agrees with simulation results obtained using a Green–Kubo formulation (Foss & Brady, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 167–200). At $Pe\geq O(1)$, the influence of convection results in a progressively more anisotropic microstructure, with the contact values increasing with $Pe$ to yield a boundary layer and a wake. Agreement of the predicted microstructure with observations from simulations is generally good and discrepancies are clearly noted. The predicted rheology captures shear thinning and shear thickening as well as normal stress differences in good agreement with simulation; quantitative agreement is best at large $\phi $.
Effect of dietary supplementation with white button mushrooms on host resistance to influenza infection and immune function in mice
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Na Lixin , Ren Zhihong , Xu Jianguo , Sun Changhao , Smith Donald , Meydani Simin Nikbin , Wu Dayong 
Published: December 2012

Previously, we showed that mice fed white button mushrooms (WBM) had enhanced immune functions known to help the body's antiviral defence. In the present study, we tested whether WBM conferred protection against viral infection. Young (4-month-old) and old (22-month-old) C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0, 2 or 10 % WBM powder for 8 weeks. Mice were then infected with influenza Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), and killed at day 0 (uninfected), 2, 5 or 7 post-infection. The primary outcomes of the study were viral titre and body weight. Secondary outcomes were natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The results showed that WBM did not affect viral titre, nor did it prevent infection-induced weight loss. WBM supplementation was found to enhance NK cell activity in old mice and to increase interferon (IFN)-γ production in young and old mice under naive (uninfected) conditions, but it had no such effect after infection. The lack of a mushroom supplementation effect on NK activity and concanavalin A-stimulated IFN-γ production after infection may explain the immune system's failure to reduce viral load and weight loss in mice after influenza infection. WBM supplementation, however, did induce changes in other aspects of the immune response: it significantly increased the production of T-helper type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in uninfected mice and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in infected mice. These mushroom-induced systemic changes, however, were not adequate to confer a protective effect against influenza infection.
Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Bautista-Castaño I. , Sánchez-Villegas A. , Estruch R. , Martínez-González M. A. , Corella D. , Salas-Salvadó J. , Covas M. I. , Schroder H. , Alvarez-Pérez J. , Quilez J. , Lamuela-Raventós R. M. , Ros E. , Arós F. , Fiol M. , Lapetra J. , Muñoz M. A. , Gómez-Gracia E. , Tur J. , Pintó X. , Ruiz-Gutierrez V. , Portillo-Baquedano M. P. , Serra-Majem L. 
Published: December 2012

The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference gain over time. Dietary habits were assessed with validated FFQ at baseline and repeatedly every year during 4 years of follow-up. Using multivariate models to adjust for covariates, long-term weight and waist circumference changes according to quartiles of change in energy-adjusted white and whole-grain bread consumption were calculated. The present results showed that over 4 years, participants in the highest quartile of change in white bread intake gained 0·76 kg more than those in the lowest quartile (Pfor trend = 0·003) and 1·28 cm more than those in the lowest quartile (Pfor trend < 0·001). No significant dose–response relationships were observed for change in whole-bread consumption and anthropometric measures. Gaining weight (>2 kg) and gaining waist circumference (>2 cm) during follow-up was not associated with increase in bread consumption, but participants in the highest quartile of changes in white bread intake had a reduction of 33 % in the odds of losing weight (>2 kg) and a reduction of 36 % in the odds of losing waist circumference (>2 cm). The present results suggest that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread consumption, within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat.
Colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliate communities on an artificial substratum in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Henglong , Jiang Yong , Zhu Mingzhuang , Al-Rasheid Khaled A.S. 
Published: December 2012

Colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliate communities were studied in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China from May to June 2010, using an artificial substratum. Samples were collected at two depths of 1 and 3 m. The temporal patterns of ciliate colonization had similar dynamics and were fitted to the MacArthur–Wilson and logistic models in colonization and growth curves at both depths, respectively. The ciliate communities reached equilibrium in species composition within at least 10-days exposure time. However, they differed in both structural and functional parameters between the two layers, despite similar species composition. The species diversity, evenness, the colonization rate (G) and maximum abundance (Amax) were distinctly higher, but the time for reaching 90% equilibrium species number (T90%) was shorter at the depth of 1 m than those at a deeper layer. Results suggest that it is an optimal strategy to collect the ciliate communities within shorter exposure time at 1 m for ecological research and a monitoring programme in marine ecosystems.
Social inclusion of the older population in response to the 2008 financial tsunami in Hong Kong
Authors: CHEUNG CHAU-KIU , LEUNG KWAN-KWOK 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTSocial inclusion of the older population in employment, housing, social protection and other livelihood aspects was predicted to suffer because of the financial tsunami in Hong Kong in 2008. An expected mitigating factor of the impact on social inclusion was social cohesion, which is the focus of the present study. A total of 1,352 Hong Kong Chinese adults were surveyed in 2009. The results show that social cohesion is perceived in Hong Kong to have mitigated the negative impact of the financial tsunami in terms of support for public policy relating to social inclusion of the older population. These results have implications for sustaining social cohesion as a means to promote the social inclusion of the older population.
Ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion in the United States of America
Authors: SCHARLACH ANDREW E. , LEHNING AMANDA J. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTSynthesising the social capital and ageing-friendly communities literature, this paper describes how efforts to make communities more ageing-friendly can promote social inclusion among older adults. Making existing communities more ageing-friendly involves physical and social infrastructure changes that enable older adults to pursue lifelong activities, meet their basic needs, maintain significant relationships, participate in the community in personally and socially meaningful ways, and develop new interests and sources of fulfilment. Such efforts can enhance bonding, bridging and linking capital, and thereby promote social inclusion. The authors discuss the link between ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion, and provide examples of programmes with potential to change existing communities into ones that promote the social inclusion of older adults.
Social inclusion in an ageing world: introduction to the special issue
Authors: WARBURTON JENI , NG SIK HUNG , SHARDLOW STEVEN M. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an introduction to a special issue focusing on diverse examples of policy practice in social inclusion and ageing across different regions of the world. These examples illustrate the multifaceted nature of the concept of social inclusion, and how it is applied in the context of global demographic ageing. The paper begins with an exploration of the history and development of the concept of social inclusion, as applied to ageing policy, and how the concept has emerged following its initial association with economic disadvantage. Now commonly defined as relating to social participation in key activities of the society in which people live, a social inclusionary approach highlights the risks of social exclusion and isolation faced by older people. Social inclusion thus incorporates core issues in ageing such as civil engagement, an ageing workforce, age-friendly communities, and civic involvement. There are some particular challenges to implementing social inclusion policies within the current environment, which are addressed within this special issue, and these include the impact of social and cultural change, particularly across some of the East Asian countries, and the impact of global financial crises on work and retirement.