bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Evaluator-Blinded, Multicenter Study to Compare Injectable Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid vs Hyaluronic Acid for Nasolabial Fold Augmentation
Authors: Ting Wenyun , Chong Yuming , Long Xiao , Shu Maoguo , Wang Haiying , Huang Jiuzuo , Zeng Ang , Bai Zhuanli , Wang Rui , Zhang Xin , Wang Hanying , Lin Jui-Yu , Lin Chuan-Yuan , Zhang Mingzi , Yu Nanze , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Injectable poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), under the brand name of AestheFill (REGEN Biotech, Inc., Seoul, South Korea), is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and biostimulatory product utilized to correct soft tissue volume loss. Its efficacy and safety have not been fully studied in a large cohort.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel dermal filler injectable, poly-D,L-lactic acid.

Methods
This was an evaluator-blinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of PDLLA vs hyaluronic acid in the correction of the nasolabial fold. Two hundred and sixty patients with moderate to severe nasolabial folds were enrolled and randomized to the treatment group (PDLLA) or control group (hyaluronic acid). Each patient received a PDLLA or hyaluronic acid injection for nasolabial fold augmentation and was followed for 52 weeks. The Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were applied to evaluate topical nasolabial fold augmentation and overall improvement, respectively.

Results
At 24 weeks, 67.6% of patients in the PDLLA group had an at least 1-grade improvement on the WSRS, compared to 60.9% of patients in the control group with an at least 1-grade improvement on the WSRS (P &lt; .05). At each visit, the PDLLA group showed more improvement on the baseline WSRS than the control group. PDLLA was safe and well tolerated, with no severe adverse events.

Conclusions
PDLLA shows noninferior efficacy in correcting nasolabial folds compared to hyaluronic acid.

Level of Evidence: 2 (Therapeutic)
An evaluation of the usefulness of morphological characters to infer higher-level relationships in birds by mapping them to a molecular phylogeny
Authors: Ericson Per G P , Qu Yanhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The use of genetic data to reconstruct systematic relationships has revolutionized our understanding of avian evolution. Morphology-based classifications were often in conflict because of different opinions among scholars about the relative importance of certain phenotypes. The considerable morphological variation observed among birds was codified into phylogenetic characters by Livezey and Zusi (2006) who also scored them for 150 extinct and extant taxa. Herein we have evaluated the phylogenetic signal of 1860 of these characters by mapping them to a molecular phylogeny including 102 taxa that represent all extant birds (with the underlying assumption that this tree topology is a good estimate of the evolutionary relationships among birds). The characters fit the molecular tree with a mean consistency index (CI) of 0.38. Muscle characters are the most homoplasious (CI 0.32), while characters related to integument, feathers, intestinal, respiratory, syrinx, urogenital, nervous, and reproductive organs show a considerably better fit (mean CI 0.49). We also explored what characters may unambiguously support certain basal clades that are well-supported by molecular data. We found only a few clades (e.g. Galloanserae, Procellariimorphae) being supported by unambiguous apomorphies, while many well-established clades (e.g. Pelecaniformes, Charadriiformes, Accipitriformes, Coraciiformes) lack such support entirely.
DLKcat cannot predict meaningful kcat values for mutants and unfamiliar enzymes
Authors: Kroll Alexander , Lercher Martin J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The recently published DLKcat model, a deep learning approach for predicting enzyme turnover numbers (kcat), claims to enable high-throughput kcat predictions for metabolic enzymes from any organism and to capture kcat changes for mutated enzymes. Here, we critically evaluate these claims. We show that for enzymes with &lt;60% sequence identity to the training data DLKcat predictions become worse than simply assuming a constant average kcat value for all reactions. Furthermore, DLKcat’s ability to predict mutation effects is much weaker than implied, capturing none of the experimentally observed variation across mutants not included in the training data. These findings highlight significant limitations in DLKcat’s generalizability and its practical utility for predicting kcat values for novel enzyme families or mutants, which are crucial applications in fields such as metabolic modeling.
Comparative analysis of neurofilaments and biomarkers of muscular damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Vidovic Maximilian , Lapp Hanna Sophie , Weber Constanze , Plitzko Lydia , Seifert Michael , Steinacker Petra , Otto Markus , Hermann Andreas , Günther René 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diagnosis of the fatal neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is challenging. Neurofilaments, indicative of neuronal damage, along with creatine kinase, creatinine, myoglobin, and troponin T, representing muscular damage, have been identified as promising fluid biomarkers. This study aims to comprehensively assess and compare their diagnostic and prognostic potential in a ‘real-world’ cohort of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. About 77 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its clinical variants, and 26 age- and sex-matched controls with various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, were retrospectively included in this monocentric, cross-sectional study. Neurofilaments in cerebrospinal fluid and biomarkers of muscular damage in serum were measured and correlated with demographic features, motor function, survival time, clinical phenotypes, and the extent of upper and lower motor neuron involvement. Neurofilament, myoglobin, and troponin T concentrations were higher in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared to disease controls. Higher neurofilament levels correlated with lower motor function and faster disease progression rate, while higher creatine kinase and creatinine concentrations were linked to preserved motor function. In contrast, troponin T elevation indicated poorer fine and gross motor functions. Increased neurofilament levels were associated with shorter survival, whereas biomarkers of muscular damage lacked survival correlation. Neurofilament concentrations were higher in classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis than in progressive muscular atrophy, while myoglobin and troponin T levels were elevated in progressive muscular atrophy compared to primary lateral sclerosis. Neurofilaments were predominantly linked to upper motor neuron involvement. Our findings confirmed the robust diagnostic and prognostic value of neurofilaments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Elevated neurofilament concentrations were associated with higher disease severity, faster disease progression, shorter survival, and predominant upper motor neuron degeneration. Biomarkers of muscular damage were inferior in distinguishing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from other neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, they may serve as complementary biomarkers and support in discriminating clinical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Purification and tailored functionalities in detonation nanodiamond
Authors: Ardhayanti Lutfia Isna , Islam Md Saidul , Cai Ze , Fukuzaki Masahiro , Liu Xinyao , Zhang Zhongyue , Sekine Yoshihiro , Hayami Shinya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) offer immense potential in various fields, but graphitic or metal-based impurities hinder their widespread adoption. Conventional purification methods often employ harsh chemicals or high temperatures, raising concerns about ND integrity and surface properties. Herein, we compared various strategies to purify and tailor the surface functional groups in the detonation-derived NDs. A facile 2-step purification strategy combining salt-assisted air oxidation (SAAO) and Fenton chemistry is particularly interesting for efficient and selective removal of graphitic impurities while preserving the diamond lattice structure. SAAO selectively burns off graphitic impurities at 450 °C under controlled oxygen flow, minimizing damage to the diamond core. Subsequently, Fenton's reagent (H2O2/Fe2+) introduces hydrophilic functional groups onto the ND surface, further enhancing diamond purity and promoting subsequent functionalization. This synergistic approach enables (i) highly efficient removal of graphitic impurities while preserving ND morphology and crystal structure, (ii) controlled introduction of surface functionalities, and (iii) improved colloidal stability of purified NDs. This green and efficient purification protocol is beneficial for tailoring ND properties and unlocking their full potential in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine and electronics to catalysis and quantum technologies.
Photo-cross-linking reactions in RNA–DNA heteroduplexes using photoreactive DNA incorporated with diazirine and aryl azide warheads
Authors: Matsuo Kazuya , Kitamura Machiko , Kobata Kentaro , Unita Daiki , Waku Tomonori , Kobori Akio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Utilizing photoreactive oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) presents a promising avenue for significantly enhancing antisense effects with high spatiotemporal resolution. This enhancement arises from the increased stability of RNA–DNA heteroduplexes achieved through photo-cross-linking with complementary RNAs upon light illumination. In this study, we propose a post-introduction approach for preparing ODNs incorporating diazirine and aryl azide warheads, employing 2′-amino-2′-deoxyuridine. We investigate the photo-cross-linking efficiencies, rates, and nucleobase preferences of these photoreactive ODNs when paired with their complementary RNAs.
Ontology, complex adaptive systems and economics
Authors: Araz Bahar , Morgan Jamie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article we first set out what complexity theory is and its place in economics. We then discuss whether complexity economics has observably transformed the mainstream before asking, even if complexity economics did in fact succeed in changing the mainstream, would this make the mainstream significantly different? The purpose of the article is to establish that complexity economics is different than the previously existing mainstream but, drawing on critical realism and social ontology, not as different as one might think. We conclude by suggesting there is scope for a more ontologically nuanced understanding of complexity.
The Return to In-Person School: Teacher Reports of Student Behavior and Social–Emotional Learning
Authors: Brockmeier Lindsay , Brass Nicole R , Bergin Christi , Imler Madison 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and related school closures greatly interfered in students’ social, emotional, and academic development creating behavioral struggles after returning to school. This concurrent mixed-methods study examined teacher perceptions of student behavioral change and social–emotional learning (SEL) during the return to in-person schooling in fall 2021. Teachers (N = 120) from a Midwestern state completed online surveys consisting of both closed and open-ended questions about student’s social, emotional, and academic behavior. Teachers also responded to questions about SEL program implementation in their schools before and during the pandemic. Teachers overwhelmingly reported worsened student behavior since returning to school. Content analysis revealed academic motivation struggles were most often reported, followed by social and emotional struggles, respectively. Additionally, teachers from schools with SEL programs were significantly less likely to report academic motivation struggles. Findings suggest that SEL programs may help mitigate COVID-related academic motivation struggles. Possibilities for future research on student behavior and SEL as the pandemic recedes are discussed.
The diabetic myocardial transcriptome reveals Erbb3 and Hspa2 as a novel biomarkers of incident heart failure
Authors: Conning-Rowland Marcella S , Giannoudi Marilena , Drozd Michael , Brown Oliver I , Yuldasheva Nadira Y , Cheng Chew W , Meakin Paul J , Straw Sam , Gierula John , Ajjan Ramzi A , Kearney Mark T , Levelt Eylem , Roberts Lee D , Griffin Kathryn J , Cubbon Richard M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases heart failure incidence and worsens prognosis, but its molecular basis is poorly defined in humans. We aimed to define the diabetic myocardial transcriptome and validate hits in their circulating protein form to define disease mechanisms and biomarkers.

Methods and results
RNA-sequencing data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project was used to define differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in right atrial (RA) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium from people with vs. without DM (type 1 or 2). DEGs were validated as plasma proteins in the UK Biobank cohort, searching for directionally concordant differential expression. Validated plasma proteins were characterized in UK Biobank participants, irrespective of diabetes status, using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, incident heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality. We found 32 and 32 DEGs associated with DM in the RA and LV, respectively, with no overlap between these. Plasma proteomic data were available for 12, with ERBB3, NRXN3, and HSPA2 (all LV hits) exhibiting directional concordance. Irrespective of DM status, lower circulating ERBB3 and higher HSPA2 were associated with impaired LV contractility and higher LV mass. Participants in the lowest quartile of circulating ERBB3 or highest quartile of circulating HSPA2 had increased incident heart failure and cardiovascular death vs. all other quartiles.

Conclusion
DM is characterized by lower Erbb3 and higher Hspa2 expression in the myocardium, with directionally concordant differences in their plasma protein concentration. These are associated with LV dysfunction, incident heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality.
Imaging in acute percutaneous mechanical circulatory support in adults: a clinical consensus statement of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care (ACVC) of the ESC, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the ESC and the European branch of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (EuroELSO)
Authors: Tavazzi Guido , Price Susanna , Beitnes Jan Otto , Bleakley Caroline , Balik Martin , Lochy Stijn , Moller Jacob Eifer , Guarracino Fabio , Donal Erwan , Donker Dirk W , Belohlavek Jan , Hassager Christian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) in cardiogenic shock patients has increased during the last decades with most management strategies relying on observational studies and expert opinion, including hemodynamic monitoring, device selection, and timing of support institution/duration. In this context, imaging has a pivotal role throughout the patient pathway, from identification to initiation, monitoring, and weaning. This manuscript summarizes the consensus of an expert panel from the European Society of Cardiology Association for Acute CardioVascular Care, the European Association of CardioVascular Imaging, and the European Extracorporeal Life Support Organization, providing the rationale for and practical guidance of imaging to tMCS based on existing evidence and consensus on best current practice.
Cardiac angiosarcoma: how multimodality imaging and excimer laser assisted intracardiac biopsy led to the correct diagnosis—a case report
Authors: Veliqi Anna , Hakmi Samer , Kaiser Lukas , Willems Stephan , Chung Da-Un 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiac angiosarcomas are exceptionally uncommon, and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Utilizing a multimodality approach enhances the characterization of the mass for optimal diagnostic outcomes. The recommended primary treatment involves complete surgical resection coupled with adjuvant radiochemotherapy. Excimer laser sheaths provide a novel option for extracting substantial tissue samples, facilitating appropriate and targeted treatment.

Case summary
A 54-year-old female presented with dyspnoea and chest pain. Cardiac imaging showed a large right atrial mass suspected to be malignant. Echocardiography was utilized for diagnosis, follow-ups, and as part of the biopsy procedure. However, adopting an off-label approach involving an excimer laser sheath as a bioptome led to the successful diagnosis of an angiosarcoma. Commencement of radiochemotherapy resulted in a reduction in tumour size and a rapid improvement in the patient’s quality of life.

Discussion
The presented case underlines the significance of multimodality imaging and the use of an excimer laser-assisted intracardiac biopsy in achieving an accurate diagnosis. Cardiovascular imaging not only serves as the primary diagnostic tool but also plays a crucial role in risk stratification and in planning therapeutic interventions.
Pacing lead thrombus in patient with recent COVID-19 infection and subsequent vaccination: a case report
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Mingiano Christian , Manetti Niccolò , Leolini Chiara , Fossi Antonella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between acute coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and a hypercoagulable state has been exhaustively described throughout the pandemic. The presence of external devices, such as intracardiac leads, could predispose to higher thrombotic risk in this setting. We present a clinical case of intracardiac thrombosis on right ventricle device that occurred after COVID-19 infection and subsequent vaccination.

Case summary
A 56-year-old man, suffering from usual interstitial pneumonia-pattern fibrosis, was admitted to our hospital because of worsening of his clinical status. About 10 days earlier, he had got vaccinated for COVID-19. Three months earlier, the patient had been reported to have severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. A chest computed tomography scan showed thrombus partially occluding the left pulmonary artery. A transthoracic echocardiography and later a transoesophageal echocardiogram showed a mass adhered to the lead in the right ventricle, compatible with thrombosis, confirmed on a cardiac computed tomography scan. Blood tests showed no major changes except for a slight increase in D-dimer and fibrinogen. Therefore, the subject was treated with anticoagulants.

Discussion
COVID-19 infection results in a hypercoagulable state with risk of developing thrombus diffusely, including intracardiac thrombosis. The presence of external devices, such as the intracardiac leads, may increase thrombotic risk since the presence of an external device in the bloodstream could trigger coagulation cascade. This case report highlights the need for special care in this patient setting, using specific imaging techniques for early and rapid diagnosis to optimize therapy.
The Asymmetric Spillover Effects of Retirement on Disability: Evidence From China
Authors: Bai Anying , Hao Zhuang , Cheng Huihui , Chen Simiao , Jiang Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Recent research has explored the spillover effects of retirement on spousal well-being, yet limited attention has been given to the short-term impact on spousal disability. This study explored the asymmetric spillover impact of retirement on spouses’ disability severity among a national cohort of urban residents in China.

Research Design and Methods
Utilizing 4 waves of data (2011–2018) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey, we employ a nonparametric regression discontinuity design to estimate the short-term effect of retirement on spousal disability severity. Disability is assessed based on their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Furthermore, we conduct heterogeneity analysis stratified by factors such as the husband’s retirement status, health conditions, lifestyle behaviors, and the wife’s educational level. Additionally, we explore potential mechanisms including changes in health behaviors, emotions, and disease diagnoses.

Results
Our findings indicate that wives’ retirement has a significant favorable short-term effect on husbands’ ADL scores, with a magnitude of −0.644 points (−9.78% relative to baseline). A significant beneficial effect of wives’ retirement on the prevalence of husbands’ difficulty in dressing, bathing, and eating was observed with substantial magnitudes of 0.075, 0.201, and 0.051 points, respectively. Various heterogeneity analyses and sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of our results. The positive spillover effect of wives’ retirement likely results from reduced negative emotions in husbands. In contrast, husbands’ retirement does not affect the prevalence of ADL/IADL disability in their wives.

Discussion and Implications
Underscoring the gender asymmetry in the effects of spousal retirement on disability, this study emphasizes the need for tailored policies considering men’s and women’s distinct disability experiences.
A review of climate change and cardiovascular diseases in the Indian policy context
Authors: Shrikhande Shreya S , Lakshmanasamy Ravivarman , Röösli Martin , Aqiel Dalvie Mohamed , Utzinger Jürg , Cissé Guéladio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is growing evidence that climate change adversely affects human health. Multiple diseases are sensitive to climate change, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are also the leading cause of death globally. Countries such as India face a compounded challenge, with a growing burden of CVDs and a high vulnerability to climate change, requiring a co-ordinated, multi-sectoral response. In this framework synthesis, we analysed whether and how CVDs are addressed with respect to climate change in the Indian policy space. We identified 10 relevant national-level policies, which were analysed using the framework method. Our analytical framework consisted of four themes: (1) political commitment; (2) health information systems; (3) capacity building; and (4) cross-sectoral actions. Additionally, we analysed a subset of these policies and 29 state-level climate change and health action plans using content analysis to identify health priorities. Our analyses revealed a political commitment in addressing the health impacts of climate change; however, CVDs were poorly contextualized with most of the efforts focusing on vector-borne and other communicable diseases, despite their recognized burden. Heat-related illnesses and cardiopulmonary diseases were also focused on but failed to encompass the most climate-sensitive aspects. CVDs are insufficiently addressed in the existing surveillance systems, despite being mentioned in several policies and interventions, including emergency preparedness in hospitals and cross-sectoral actions. CVDs are mentioned as a separate section in only a small number of state-level plans, several of which need an impetus to complete and include CVD-specific sections. We also found several climate-health policies for specific diseases, albeit not for CVDs. This study identified important gaps in India’s disease-specific climate change response and might aid policymakers in strengthening future versions of these policies and boost research and context-specific interventions on climate change and CVDs.