bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of selected specialty beers: developments, challenges and prospects
Authors: Yeo Hui Qi , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe brewing industry has devoted much research effort into the development of new technologies and innovations for the expansion of the assortment of specialty beers in response to increased consumer demand. Specialty beers are more or less the catch‐all for beer styles, which do not fit into conventional beer categories and five types of specialty beers are of particular interest – low‐calorie beer, low‐alcohol or nonalcohol beer, novel‐flavoured beer, gluten‐free beer and functional beer. The selected beer types are technologically challenging to produce relative to the traditional approach of ingredient addition, yet offer special appeal to consumers from the perspective of health and flavour. Biological processes that make use of the equipment of a traditional brewery plant should be better exploited in comparison with nonbiological technologies such as thermal and membrane processes. Probiotic beer could be the specialty beer of the future in light of the increasing popularity of probiotics. These beers are reviewed in terms of developments, challenges and prospects.
Female sexual dysfunction
Authors: Albaugh Jeffrey 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFemale sexual dysfunction is a common problem, yet it is often under‐treated. Sexual function is an integral part of the human experience and sexual dysfunction can negatively impact quality of life, yet many patients suffer in silence with their problems. This article provides a common case scenario, along with information on prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, definitions and classifications of female sexual dysfunction as well as some of the treatment options available.
The effectiveness of spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities in improving the eating ability of residents with dementia
Authors: Wu Hua Shan , Lin Li Chan , Wu Shiao Chi , Lin Ke Neng , Liu Hsiu Chih 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore the long‐term effects of standardized and individualized spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities on the eating ability of residents with dementia.BackgroundEating difficulty is common in residents with dementia, resulting in low food intake, followed by eating dependence, weight loss and malnutrition.DesignA single‐blinded and quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures.MethodsNinety residents with dementia from four veterans' homes in Taiwan took part in this study. The intervention consisted of spaced retrieval combined with Montessori‐based activities. Twenty‐five participants in the standardized group received 24 intervention sessions over 8 weeks. Thirty‐eight participants in the individualized group received tailored intervention sessions. The number of intervention sessions was adjusted according to the participant's recall responses in spaced retrieval. Twenty‐seven participants in the control group received no treatment. The Chinese version of the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia was used, and eating amounts and body weight were measured pre‐test, posttest and at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups. Data were collected between July 2008–February 2010. Repeated measures of all dependent variables for the three groups were analysed by the linear mixed model.ResultsThe standardized and individualized interventions could significantly decrease the scores for the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia and increase the eating amount and body weight over time.ConclusionTrained nurses in institutions can schedule the standardized or individualized intervention in usual activity time to ameliorate eating difficulty and its sequels.
High‐Risk Lead Removal by Planned Sequential Transvenous Laser Extraction and Minimally Invasive Right Thoracotomy
Authors: GOYAL SANDEEP K. , ELLIS CHRISTOPHER R. , BALL STEPHEN K. , AHMAD RASHID , HOFF STEVEN J. , WHALEN S. PATRICK , ROTTMAN JEFFREY 
Published: January 2014

Hybrid Lead Extraction for High‐Risk LeadsIntroductionTransvenous pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead extraction via mechanical or excimer laser sheath is typically safe and effective. Longer duration from implant, presence of large vegetations or thrombi, fractured leads, and prior failed extraction are risk factors predicting higher complication rates or incomplete or failed lead removal. Techniques developed for minimally invasive valve surgery were used in conjunction with laser extraction to refine a “hybrid” technique for lead extraction. We assessed the outcomes of high‐risk lead extraction using this hybrid lead extraction technique.Methods and ResultsRetrospective assessment of clinical parameters and procedural outcomes in patients undergoing planned hybrid lead extraction from February 2008 to September 2012 was performed. We report 8 cases of hybrid lead extraction performed at our institution. We extracted 21 leads with average lead age of 13.8 years since implant. All leads were removed with complete clinical and radiographic success. There were no intraprocedure complications. One patient died of continued sepsis and 1 other had symptoms consistent with pulmonary embolism.ConclusionsHybrid lead extraction using this technique is a safe and effective approach for removal of high‐risk chronic pacemaker or ICD leads. This method extends the range of approachable leads resulting in complete removal without median sternotomy. Hybrid lead extraction can be scheduled electively facilitating complete lead removal with a low complication rate and short postoperative recovery time, mitigating the risks inherent in midline sternotomy or emergent cardiac surgical rescue.
The Effect of Left Ventricular Electrical Delay on the Acute Hemodynamic Response with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: GOLD MICHAEL R. , LEMAN ROBERT B. , WOLD NICHOLAS , STURDIVANT J. LACY , YU YINGHONG 
Published: January 2014

Effect of QLV on CRT Hemodynamic ResponseIntroductionCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves hemodynamic function, as well as reduces hospitalizations and mortality among patients with systolic dysfunction, QRS prolongation, and heart failure. The magnitude of the hemodynamic response is associated with improved outcomes, so optimization of this parameter is a goal of therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of left ventricular (LV) electrical delay, as assessed by the QLV interval, on the acute hemodynamic response to CRT.Methods and ResultsThis study included 31 patients undergoing biventricular ICD placement. At implant, invasive LV dP/dt was measured by a micromanometer catheter during biventricular (BV) or LV only pacing. Both atrial sensing (AS) and atrial pacing (AP) modes were evaluated at 5 different AV delays, tested in randomized order. The QLV interval was measured at the LV pacing site. Compared with intrinsic rhythm, CRT increased LV dP/dtmax by 9.5 ± 8.8% with BV pacing and 10.0 ± 9.2% with LV pacing (P = 0.38) during AS. With AP, CRT increased LV dP/dtmax by 16.0 ± 10.8% and 15.3 ± 11.1%, respectively (P = 0.47). QLV was strongly correlated with the hemodynamic response in all pacing configurations. Multivariate analysis showed that with BV pacing QLV was an independent predictor of the hemodynamic response with a 1.7% increase in %LV dP/dt for every 10 milliseconds prolongation of QLV.ConclusionsLV electrical delay is a strong predictor of the acute hemodynamic response to CRT. This relationship is independent of pacing mode.
Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition with HYDAMTIQ reduces allergen‐induced asthma‐like reaction, bronchial hyper‐reactivity and airway remodelling
Authors: Lucarini Laura , Pini Alessandro , Gerace Elisabetta , Pellicciari Roberto , Masini Emanuela , Moroni Flavio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractActivation of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is considered a key event in the molecular and cellular processes leading from acute asthma attacks to bronchial hyper‐reactivity, leucocyte recruitment, chronic inflammation, airway remodelling and lung damage. The present investigation has been carried out to investigate the action of hydroxyl‐dimethylaminomethyl‐thieno[2,3‐c]isoquinolin‐5(4H)‐one (HYDAMTIQ), a new potent PARP inhibitor, in the process leading from asthma‐like events to airway damage. Ovalbumin‐sensitized guinea pigs exposed two times to allergen inhalation were treated for 8 days with vehicle or HYDAMTIQ. Asthma‐like signs, bronchial hyper‐reactivity to methacholine, cytokine production, histamine release from mast cells, airway remodelling, collagen deposition and lung damage were evaluated. Repeated HYDAMTIQ administration (1‐10 mg/kg/day i.p.) reduced lung PARP activity, delayed the appearance and reduced the severity of allergen‐induced cough and dyspnoea and dampened the increased bronchial responses to methacholine. HYDAMTIQ‐treated animals presented reduced bronchial or alveolar abnormalities, lower number of eosinophils and other leucocytes in the lung and decreased smooth muscle or goblet cell hyperplasia. The treatment also reduced lung oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde or 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and the lung content of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐5, IL‐6 and IL‐18). Finally, mast cells isolated from the peritoneal or pleural cavities of sensitized, HYDAMTIQ‐treated animals had a reduced ability to release histamine when exposed to ovalbumin in vitro. Our findings support the proposal that PARP inhibitors could have a therapeutic potential to reduce chronic lung inflammation, airway damage and remodelling in severe unresponsive asthmatic patients.
Oral glucose tolerance test‐based calculation identifies different glucose intolerance phenotypes within the impaired fasting glucose range
Authors: Carnevale Schianca Gian Piero , Fra Gian Paolo , Bigliocca Marcello , Mella Roberto , Rossi Luca , Bartoli Ettore 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe conventional oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) cannot detect future diabetics among isolated impaired fasting glucose (is‐IFG) nor normal glucose tolerant (NGT) groups. By analyzing the relationship between fasting (FPG) and 2‐h plasma glucose (2hPG), the present study identifies is‐IFG subjects liable to worsening glucose homeostasis.Materials and MethodsOral glucose tolerance test was carried out in 619 patients suffering from obesity, hypertension or dyslipidemia, whose FPG was in the 100–125 mg/dL range. We calculated the percentage increment of 2hPG with respect to FPG (PG%) in these patients using the formula: ([2hPG − FPG] / FPG) × 100. Differences in β‐cell function within is‐IFG patients were assessed by estimated insulin sensitivity index (EISI), first‐phase insulin release (1stPH) and 1stPH/1/EISI (1stPHcorrected).ResultsDiabetes was diagnosed in 69 patients (11.2%), combined IFG/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 185 patients (29.9%) and is‐IFG in 365 patients (58.9%). Is‐IFG was subdivided into PG% tertile groups: the percentage of females increased from 25% in the lowest to 45.2% in the highest tertile (χ2 = 18.7, P < 0.001). Moving from the lowest to the highest PG% tertile group, insulin and 2hPG concentrations rose, whereas FPG, EISI, and 1stPHcorrected decreased progressively and significantly. Furthemore, PG% correlated inversely with EISI (r = −0.44, P < 0.0001) and 1stPHcorrected (r = −0.38, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOral glucose tolerance test does differentiate the great heterogeneity in metabolic disorders of patients with FPG 100–125 mg/dL. Furthermore, PG% can expand the diagnostic power of OGTT in the is‐IFG range by distinguishing metabolic phenotypes very likely to herald different clinical risks.
Marker‐based estimates of relatedness and inbreeding coefficients: an assessment of current methods
Authors: Wang J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractInbreeding (F) of and relatedness (r) between individuals are now routinely calculated from marker data in studies in the fields of quantitative genetics, conservation genetics, forensics, evolution and ecology. Although definable in terms of either correlation coefficient or probability of identity by descent (IBD) relative to a reference, they are better interpreted as correlations in marker‐based analyses because the reference in practice is frequently the current sample or population whose F and r are being estimated. In such situations, negative estimates have a biological meaning, a substantial proportion of the estimates are expected to be negative, and the average estimates are close to zero for r and equivalent to FIS for F. I show that although current r estimators were developed from the IBD‐based concept of relatedness, some of them conform to the correlation‐based concept of relatedness and some do not. The latter estimators can be modified, however, so that they estimate r as a correlation coefficient. I also show that F and r estimates can be misleading and become biased and marker dependent when a sample containing a high proportion of highly inbred and/or closely related individuals is used as reference. In analyses depending on the comparison between r (or F) estimates and a priori values expected under ideal conditions (e.g. for identifying genealogical relationship), the estimators should be used with caution.
Detailed Process of Shell Construction in the Photosynthetic Testate Amoeba Paulinella chromatophora (Euglyphid, Rhizaria)
Authors: Nomura Mami , Nakayama Takuro , Ishida Ken‐ichiro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMost euglyphids, a group of testate amoebae, have a shell that is constructed from numerous siliceous scales. The euglyphid Paulinella chromatophora has photosynthetic organelles (termed cyanelles or chromatophores), allowing it to be cultivated more easily than other euglyphids. Like other euglyphids, P. chromatophora has a siliceous shell made of brick‐like scales. These scales are varied in size and shape. How a P. chromatophora cell makes this shell is still a mystery. We examined shell construction process in P. chromatophora in detail using time‐lapse video microscopy. The new shell was constructed by a specialized pseudopodium that laid out each scale into correct position, one scale at a time. The present study inferred that the sequence of scale production and secretion was well controlled.
Association of cannabinoid type 1 receptor and fatty acid amide hydrolase genetic polymorphisms in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Jiang Yingjie , Nie Yuqiang , Li Yuyuan , Zhang Long 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Here, we investigated whether genetic variants of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are associated with the pathogenesis of IBS.MethodsIn total, 292 patients with IBS and 298 healthy controls were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were applied to determine the genotyping of polymorphic triplet AAT repeats located at the 3′‐end of the CNR1 gene. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C385A at the FAAH gene (rs324420) was determined by PCR using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay Sets.ResultsA total of eight alleles with AAT triplet repeats in the CNR1 gene were detected. The alleles were divided into two groups (≤ 10 and > 10) and three genotypes (≤ 10/≤ 10, ≤ 10/> 10, and > 10/> 10). The frequency of > 10 alleles was significantly higher in the IBS group (90.6%) when compared with the control group {81.7%, P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = −0.128}. In addition, the genotypes > 10/> 10 were significantly associated with IBS (P < 0.001, OR [95% CI] = −0.163). The frequency of the A allele and the distribution of the AA genotype in the FAAH gene in the IBS group were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > 0.05), even though the frequency of the AA genotype was lower in the IBS group (1.0%) than that in the control group (3.4%, P = 0.089, OR [95% CI] = 3.345).ConclusionsThe variation in the (AAT)n repeat of the CNR1 gene conferred an increased risk for developing IBS, while rs324420 (C385) in the FAAH gene was not associated with IBS pathogenesis.
Issues associated with the emergence of coeliac disease in the Asia–Pacific region: A working party report of the World Gastroenterology Organization and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology
Authors: Makharia Govind K , Mulder Chris J J , Goh Khean Lee , Ahuja Vineet , Bai Julio C , Catassi Carlo , Green Peter H R , Gupta Siddhartha Datta , Lundin Knut E A , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan Siddartha , Rawat Ramakant , Sharma Hanish , Sood Ajit , Watanabe Chikako , Gibson Peter R ,   World Gastroenterology Organization‐Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology Working Party on Celiac Disease
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and AimOnce thought to be uncommon in Asia, coeliac disease (CD) is now being increasingly recognized in Asia–Pacific region. In many Asian nations, CD is still considered to be either nonexistent or very rare. In recognition of such heterogeneity of knowledge and awareness, the World Gastroenterology Organization and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology commissioned a working party to address the key issues in emergence of CD in Asia.MethodsA working group consisting of members from Asia–Pacific region, Europe, North America, and South America reviewed relevant existing literature with focus on those issues specific to Asia–Pacific region both in terms of what exists and what needs to be done.ResultsThe working group identified the gaps in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of CD in Asian–Pacific region and recommended the following: to establish prevalence of CD across region, increase in awareness about CD among physicians and patients, and recognition of atypical manifestations of CD. The challenges such as variability in performance of serological tests, lack of population‐specific cut‐offs values for a positive test, need for expert dietitians for proper counseling and supervision of patients, need for gluten‐free infrastructure in food supply and creation of patient advocacy organizations were also emphasized.ConclusionsAlthough absolute number of patients with CD at present is not very large, this number is expected to increase over the next few years or decades. It is thus appropriate that medical community across the Asia–Pacific region define extent of problem and get prepared to handle impending epidemic of CD.
Mechanisms of isoniazid‐induced idiosyncratic liver injury: Emerging role of mitochondrial stress
Authors: Boelsterli Urs A , Lee Kang Kwang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIdiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant adverse effect of antitubercular therapy with isoniazid (INH). Although the drug has been used for many decades, the underlying mode of action (both patient‐specific and drug‐specific mechanisms) leading to DILI are poorly understood. Among the patient‐specific determinants of susceptibility to INH‐associated DILI, the importance of HLA genetic variants has been increasingly recognized, whereas the role of polymorphisms of drug‐metabolizing enzymes (NAT2 and CYP2E1) has become less important and remains controversial. However, these polymorphisms are merely correlative, and other molecular determinants of susceptibility have remained largely unknown. Regarding the drug‐specific mechanisms underlying INH‐induced liver injury, novel concepts have been emerging. Among these are covalent protein adduct formation via novel reactive intermediates, leading to hapten formation and a potential immune response, and interference with endogenous metabolism. Furthermore, INH and/or INH metabolites (e.g. hydrazine) can cause mitochondrial injury, which can lead to mitochondrial oxidant stress and impairment of energy homeostasis. Recent studies have revealed that underlying impairment of complex I function can trigger massive hepatocellular injury induced by otherwise nontoxic concentrations of INH superimposed on these mitochondrial deficiencies. This review discusses these emerging new paradigms of INH‐induced DILI and highlights recent insights into the mechanisms, as well as points to the existing large gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis.
Comparison of efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity between infliximab mono‐ versus combination therapy in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hayes Michael J , Stein Adam C , Sakuraba Atsushi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe association of concomitant immunosuppressant use with infliximab (IFX) and therapeutic outcomes in correlation with pharmacokinetic properties in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear.AimsTo assess the effect of concomitant immunosuppressant use on the duration of IFX therapy, and the pharmacokinetic properties of IFX in patients with UC.MethodsA retrospective analysis of UC patients treated with IFX. Duration of efficacious IFX therapy, and serum IFX and antibody‐to‐IFX (ATI) levels were compared between those receiving IFX as monotherapy and in combination with an immunosuppressant.ResultsAmong the 85 UC patients who received IFX, 46 (54.1%) received concomitant immunosuppressants, and 38 (45.9%) received IFX monotherapy. Concomitant immunosuppressant use was associated with increased duration of IFX therapy as 90% of patients receiving immunosuppressants remained on therapy at 1 year versus 61% of patients on monotherapy (Log‐rank, P = 0.016). Concomitant immunosuppressant use, as compared with monotherapy, was associated with greater IFX levels (20.4 mg/L vs 10.5 mg/L, P = 0.025) and less frequent ATI formation (4.5% vs 33.3%, P = 0.031). Patients receiving greater than 2.0 mg/kg of azathioprine had greater IFX levels than those receiving less than 2.0 mg/kg (26.0 vs 10.6 mcg/mL, P = 0.03) and those receiving IFX monotherapy (26.0 vs 11.2 mcg/mL, P = 0.03). The duration of IFX therapy among patients receiving less than 2.0 mg/kg azathioprine was indistinguishable from patients on IFX monotherapy (Log‐rank, P = 0.95).ConclusionConcomitant immunosuppressant therapy with IFX improves outcomes in UC as shown by increased duration of therapy, decreased immunogenicity against IFX, and increased blood levels of IFX. Our data suggest that this benefit may be dependent on the dose of concomitant immunosuppression.