bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid RSM‐BPNN‐GA approach for optimizing ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction conditions for Mesona chinensis benth. and investigation of the extraction mechanism
Authors: Xie Ping , Ye Ya‐Hui , Wang Chen‐Qing , Shen Jin‐Hai , Chen Liang‐Hua , Zhang Ya‐Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMesona chinensis Benth (MCB) is the source of the most commonly consumed herbal beverage in Southeast Asia and China and is thus an economically important agricultural plant. Therefore, optimal extraction and production procedures have significant commercial value. Currently, in terms of green chemistry, researchers are investigating the use of greener solvents and innovative extraction techniques to increase extract yields. This study represents the first investigation of the optimal conditions for ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction from MCB. The major factors influencing ultrasound‐assisted DESs were optimized using the response surface methodcentral‐genetic algorithm‐back propagation neural networks. This model demonstrated superior predictability and accuracy compared to the RSM model. Various types of DESs were used for the extraction of MCB constituents, with choline chloride‐ethylene glycol resulting in the highest yield. The optimal conditions for maximal extraction were the use of choline chloride‐ethylene glycol (1:4) as the solvent with a 40% water content, an extraction duration of 60 min at 60°C, and maintaining a leaf‐to‐solvent ratio of 20 mL/g. Noticeable enhancements in Van der Waals forces and more robust interactions between DESs and the target chemicals were observed relative to those seen with ethanol (70%, v/v) or water. This investigation not only introduced an environmentally friendly approach for highly efficient extraction from MCB but also identified the mechanisms underlying the improved extraction efficacy. These findings have the potential to contribute to the broader utilization of MCB and provide valuable insights into the extraction mechanisms utilizing deep eutectic solvents.Practical ApplicationThis work describes an efficient and green ultrasound‐assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method for Mesona chinensis Benth (MCB) extraction. Molecular dynamics was used to examine the intermolecular interactions between the solvent and the extracted compounds. It is anticipated that green and environmentally friendly solvents, such as DESs, will be used in further research on foods and their bioactive components. With the development of the herbal tea industry, new products made of MCB are becoming increasingly popular, thus gradually making it a research hotspot.
The hypoglycemic effect of enzymatic modified dietary fiber from bamboo shoot on type 2 diabetes rats
Authors: Yao Xiangjie , Wan Renkou , Li Chunxiao , Li Gongjing , Zhang Bing , Deng Zeyuan , Li Hongyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBamboo shoot is a healthy food rich in dietary fiber (DF). However, its highly insoluble DF and fibrous texture limit its application in industrially processed foods. To achieve industrial processing of bamboo shoot, cellulase was used to improve the physical characteristics of bamboo shoot DF in this study. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of soluble DF (SDF) of bamboo shoot increased by 99.28% (from 5.53% to 11.02%) significantly (p < 0.01). At the same time, the effect of enzymatic‐modified bamboo SDF (EMBSDF) on streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetes rats was explored. Results demonstrated that the high dose of EMBSDF (312.8 mg/kg) treated rats showed significant improvements in terms of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.01) compared with the diabetes rats. Meantime, it was observed that the levels of glucagon‐like peptide‐1, adiponectin and interleukin‐4 of high dose of EMBSDF compared with diabetes rats were increased (p < 0.01) by 57.79%, 159.13%, and 6.17%, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor‐α, C‐reactive protein, and leptin levels were decreased (p < 0.01) by 62.89%, 31.53%, and 7.84%, respectively. Furthermore, apparent kidney and pancreas histology improvements were found in high‐dose and mid‐dose EMBSDF‐treated diabetes rats. These results indicated that the modified DF significantly improved diabetes.
The multifactorial phenomenon of enzymatic hydrolysis resistance in unripe banana flour and its starch: A concise review
Authors: Dibakoane Siphosethu R. , Da Silva Laura Suzanne , Meiring Belinda , Anyasi Tonna A. , Mlambo Victor , Wokadala Obiro Cuthbert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnripe banana flour starch possesses a high degree of resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis, a unique and desirable property that could be exploited in the development of functional food products to regulate blood sugar levels and promote digestive health. However, due to a multifactorial phenomenon in the banana flour matrix—from the molecular to the micro level—there is no consensus regarding the complex mechanisms behind the slow enzymatic hydrolysis of unripe banana flour starch. This work therefore explores factors that influence the enzymatic hydrolysis resistance of raw and modified banana flour and its starch including the proportion and distribution of the amorphous and crystalline phases of the starch granules; granule morphology; amylose–amylopectin ratio; as well as the presence of nonstarch components such as proteins, lipids, and phenolic compounds. Our findings revealed that the relative contributions of these factors to banana starch hydrolytic resistance are apparently dependent on the native or processed state of the starch as well as the cultivar type. The interrelatability of these factors in ensuring amylolytic resistance of unripe banana flour starch was further highlighted as another reason for the multifactorial phenomenon. Knowledge of these factors and their contributions to enzymatic hydrolysis resistance individually and interconnectedly will provide insights into enhanced ways of extraction, processing, and utilization of unripe banana flour and its starch.
Upregulation of the Cav1.3 channel in inner hair cells by interleukin 6‐dependent inflammaging contributes to age‐related hearing loss
Authors: Lu Mingshun , Xian Fuyu , Jin Xishuo , Hong Guodong , Fu Xiaolong , Wang Shengnan , Li Xinyu , Yang Haichao , Li Hongchen , Zhang Haiwei , Yang Yuxin , Xiao Jundan , Dong Hui , Liu Yaling , Shen Haitao , Lv Ping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAge‐related hearing loss (AHL) is the most common sensory disorder amongst the older population. Inflammaging is a ≈chronic low‐grade inflammation that worsens with age and is an early sign of AHL; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We used electrophysiological and genetic approaches to establish the importance of interleukin 6 (IL‐6)‐dependent inflammation in AHL. Elevated IL‐6 in the cochlea enhanced Cav1.3 calcium channel function in the inner hair cell (IHC) synapse in mice with AHL. IL‐6 upregulated the Cav1.3 channel via the Janus kinase‐mitogen activated kinase pathway, causing neurotransmitter excitotoxicity and synapse impairment; IL‐6 deficiency or the administration of a Cav1.3 channel blocker attenuated this age‐related damage, and rescued hearing loss. Thus, IL‐6‐dependent inflammaging upregulated the Cav1.3 channel in IHCs, contributing to AHL. Our findings could help the comprehensive understanding of inflammaging's effects on AHL, aiding in early intervention to protect against hearing decline.
Phosphatidylethanol is a promising tool for screening alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Authors: Häkkinen Margareeta , Arponen Anne , Jylhä Antti , Sulin Kati , Gunnar Teemu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is one of the leading causes of preventable developmental disabilities. A lack of objective screening methods results in an under‐recognition of the phenomenon. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a specific ethanol biomarker that reveals alcohol intake up to several weeks after alcohol use. So far, PEth has mostly been a tool for detecting moderate and heavy drinking. With lower PEth cut‐offs, revealing even minor prenatal alcohol consumption is possible. We aimed to find out if a sensitive method for PEth analysis would give additional information about PAE and to assess the cut‐off value for a positive alcohol result in prenatal screening.MethodsThe study was an observational study of 3000 anonymous blood samples collected from the Helsinki University Hospital Diagnostic Center between June and September 2023. The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service received the samples originally for blood group typing and antibody screening as part of the prenatal blood screening program. We developed a sensitive PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) equipment after liquid–liquid extraction of PEth from whole blood. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL.ResultsPEth was ≥2 ng/mL in 5.2% of the cases, ≥8 ng/mL in 2.0%, and ≥20 ng/mL in 1.0%. The detection time of PEth can be several weeks, especially with low PEth concentrations and after heavy alcohol consumption. It remained unknown whether the positive PEth tests resulted from drinking deliberately during pregnancy or before pregnancy recognition.ConclusionsWe suggest adding PEth 16:0/18:1 to a routine prenatal blood screening program with a cut‐off of 2 ng/mL—and in positive cases, clinical evaluation and retesting in 2–4 weeks. In clinical settings, information on gestational week and alcohol consumption before pregnancy is relevant and needs to be considered when interpreting low PEth concentrations.
Assessing the dynamics of land use and land cover change in semi‐arid savannah: A focus on woody plant encroachment utilising historical satellite data
Authors: Malapane Cyncinatia , Dube Timothy , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe encroachment of woody plants into grassland and the conversion of grasslands to woodlands is a worldwide phenomenon and has been regarded as a major global problem for decades. The rate of woody plant encroachment (WPE) varies across biomes and can be influenced by land use activities and climate conditions. As a result, the current study assessed the spatial distribution of woody plants and land use and land cover (LULC) change within the Letaba River catchment in the Limpopo province of South Africa's subtropical region. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite data sets were used to map and quantify WPE and other LULC changes in the Letaba River catchment over a 30‐year period (1989–2019). Random forest classifier was used to determine of the rate of change of WPE and LULC within the study area. The results indicated that the Letaba River catchment has undergone a significant change with an increase in woody plant species. The woody plant cover had increased from 36,014 ha in the year 1989 to approximately 561,493 ha by 2019. Meanwhile, grassland has declined by 486,322 ha (33.7%) from 1989 to 2019. The overall classification accuracy (OA) ranged between 91.7% and 95.5%. The study findings will provide critical insights and baseline information about the state of WPE in semi‐arid environments, as well as provide catchment managers with the information they need to take the necessary actions to manage the rapid increase in woody plants. However, fire and herbivory are important factors that influences the WPE, and this might have also played an important role in the findings. The study suggests that WPE is an ongoing process and management strategies are required to mitigate and maintain the intensity of woody plants.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: incidence, recurrence and mortality. A decade of patients from a New Zealand tertiary surgical centre
Authors: Kirkpatrick Joshua , Wang Yijiao , Tu'inukuafe Josiah , Chao Philip , Robertson Jason , Koea Jonathan , Srinivasa Sanket 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. The New Zealand (NZ) population incidence has not previously been documented nor has the potential effect of ethnicity been reviewed. We furthermore wanted to assess the difference between those undergoing a wedge resection versus a more extensive operation which we hypothesised would correlate with recurrence and mortality.MethodsAll patients (n = 103) with a GIST diagnosed and treated at Te Whatu Ora Waitematā (Auckland, New Zealand) between 2012 and 2021 are presented. Patient demographics, method of GIST detection, management approach, index surgery, histological features, use of adjuvant and neoadjuvant imatinib, follow‐up, recurrence and mortality rates were analysed.ResultsThis paper reports the largest NZ GIST cohort to date and estimates an incidence of 17 cases per million per year. Eighty‐four patients underwent surgical resection, 58 received a wedge resection and 17 received a more extensive operation. Five‐year disease‐free survival rates were 100% in the low/very low risk, 90% in the intermediate and 59% in the high risk groups as determined by the modified NIH criteria. Our overall 5‐year GIST‐specific survival rate was 83%; it was 91% in those who underwent a wedge resection and 60% in the extensive operation group. There is evidence that Māori have higher rates of GIST recurrence compared to non‐Māori and are more likely to require an extensive surgical resection.
Analysis of bariatric surgical complications requiring interhospital transfers using a modified Victorian Audit of Surgical Mortality framework
Authors: Leang Yit J. , Chen Richard , Shaw Kalai , Watters David , Brown Wendy , Burton Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical audit is key in upholding the standards of surgical care but may be inadequate in capturing morbidity experienced by patients being transferred across different health systems. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of an objective framework in the evaluation of clinical issues surrounding interhospital transfers (IHTs).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a Victorian state bariatric hospital. Patients transferred with bariatric surgery related complications between 2014 and 2021 were included. Each case was reviewed by two surgeons using an objective framework developed via a modified Delphi‐process. Key issues and preventability surrounding each transfer were evaluated. Inter‐observer agreement was assessed using weighted Cohen's Kappa coefficient.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were included. The most common indication for transfer was proximal staple line leak post sleeve gastrectomy (34/73, 46.6%). Length of stay was 38.3 ± 58.8 days. Cost of care amounted to AUD $110 666.18 per patient. Delay in transfer and complication recognition were present in 20% of cases (Cohen's Kappa 0.51;0.61). Human factors and patient related factors were the most common principal underlying causes (Cohen's Kappa 0.59). A third of the complications (n = 25/73, 34.2%), were potentially preventable (Cohen's Kappa 0.58) and more than half (39/73, 53.4%) did not have documented objective feedback to referring clinicians.ConclusionIHTs associated with bariatric surgery complications have significant morbidity and costs. A structured framework in reviewing IHT can consistently identify potentially modifiable factors that improve clinical outcomes, and constructive feedback to the referring clinician should be actively facilitated and documented.
Efficiency of periodontal treatment to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of economic evaluations
Authors: Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Castillo‐Riquelme Marianela , Cuadrado Cristóbal , Gamonal Jorge , Baeza Mauricio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the efficiency of periodontal treatment (PT) in improving diabetes‐related outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis, providing an updated and comprehensive synthesis from economic evaluations (EE).MethodsSeven databases and one register were independently searched by two reviewers for articles published up to 8 May 2024. Studies that assessed the efficiency of PT versus no treatment or other dental treatments were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS‐I and ECOBIAS tools for the first stage of EE and the CHEERS checklist and NICE quality appraisal tool for overall EE. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses of the articles were conducted and assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsEleven studies were included. PT reduces total healthcare costs, including inpatient and outpatient, diabetes‐related costs and other drug costs (low to moderate certainty). A total incremental net benefit of USD 12 348 (2022 currency, 95% CI 12 195–12 500) was estimated from three high‐quality model‐based cost‐utility analyses (high certainty).DiscussionThe inclusion of PT in the comprehensive treatment of patients with T2DM and periodontitis is cost‐effective. Future research is required to ensure the transferability of these findings and inform decision makers from different countries.RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42023443146.
Pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer and associated outcomes in England between 1995 and 2016: Analysis of a national database
Authors: Rokan Zena , Wale Anita , Day Nigel , Kontovounisios Christos , Moran Brendan , Brown Gina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThe clinical burden of pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is nationally under‐reported. The widespread use of pelvic MRI since 2005 has increased the accuracy of local staging and awareness of the need for ‘beyond TME (total mesorectal excision)’ surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the volume of patients undergoing PE within England, which factors affected survival outcomes and whether the use of MRI has influenced these outcomes.MethodThe volume of patients undergoing PE and associated survival outcomes across England between 1995 and 2016 was evaluated from Public Health England Hospital Episode Statistics data.ResultsA total of 2996 patients were recorded as undergoing PE. The 5‐year overall survival rate improved after 2005 compared with prior to 2005 (61.7% vs. 37%, p < 0.001), with no significant difference between cancer registries throughout England. After 2005, the volume of patients undergoing PE and undergoing preoperative MRI increased, as did the number of non‐T4 cancers operated on. After 2005, age, preoperative MRI and preoperative radiotherapy were the significant factors influencing 5‐year overall survival on multivariate analysis.ConclusionThis review of national data confirms that PE outcomes are under‐reported. MRI staging aids with the identification of patients suitable for perioperative treatment, surgery or palliation and facilitates treatment planning. Since 2005, MRI, likely in combination with advances in surgery and perioperative treatment, has improved survival outcomes. It is imperative that detailed information from patients with LARC undergoing PE is captured and reported in order to optimize care and future service provision.
Integrating multiple data sources to develop range and area of habitat maps tailored for local contexts
Authors: Suárez‐Castro Andres Felipe , Acevedo‐Charry Orlando , Romero Jiménez Luis Hernando , Noguera‐Urbano Elkin A. , Ayerbe‐Quiñones Fernando , Ocampo‐Peñuela Natalia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimGlobal species distribution maps tend to be limited to a reduced number of species or are too coarse to inform ecological research and conservation actions at local scales. We developed a workflow to generate species range and area of habitat (AOH) maps tailored to local contexts based on expert information, community science observations and an ecoregion approach. We also developed a workflow to increase transparency in range maps and map the areas of uncertainty at the species and community levels using community science data.LocationNorth‐Western South America.MethodsWe combined expert knowledge, community science observations, a new map of ecoregions for Colombia and national maps of land cover to produce species range and AOH maps for 94% of the terrestrial resident birds of Colombia (1633 species). We used community science records to validate the range maps and produce a species‐specific layer of uncertainty by calculating the distance between pixels classified as habitat and species occurrence points.ResultsCompared to previous efforts, the new maps have higher species coverage and produced better validation scores for more than 50% of the species analysed. In addition, the produced maps also show macroecological patterns that follow natural boundaries, significantly improving the arbitrary patterns observed in previous mapping efforts. Uncertainty maps illustrate the spatial resolution and the extent at which these maps can be used with the highest confidence and highlight poorly surveyed areas that require extensive sampling.Main ConclusionsCombining information from expert sources, field observations and broad macroecological patterns is key to improve AOH maps that are fitted to local applications. Our uncertainty analysis can also guide concerted national efforts to survey specific localities. Our workflow can be used in multiple regions, countries and for other taxa, and we expect that it will improve local estimates of biogeographical and species diversity patterns.
The emotional burden of type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study to understand associations between diabetes distress and glucose metrics in adulthood
Authors: Kelly Caitlin S. , Nguyen Huyen , Chapman Katherine S. , Wolf Wendy A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsAdvancements in type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), have helped people achieve narrower glucose ranges, but associations between CGM and diabetes distress are unclear. Although higher HbA1c is associated with higher distress, associations with other glucose metrics are unknown. To better understand this relationship, we characterized diabetes distress in a sample of CGM users and compared differences in glucose metrics (measured via CGM) between those with higher versus lower distress.MethodsCGM users with T1D from the T1D Exchange Registry completed an online survey including diabetes distress (DDS‐2) and shared CGM data (N = 199). CGM metrics were computed from all available data within 3 months prior to survey completion. Participants were grouped by distress level: lower (DDS‐2 < 3, n = 120) or higher (DDS‐2 ≥ 3, n = 79). Welch's t‐tests were used to compare mean differences in CGM metrics between groups and MANCOVA was used to further probe mean differences.ResultsApproximately 39.7% participants reported higher diabetes distress. Welch's t‐tests revealed participants with higher distress spent significantly more time in higher glucose ranges (above 180 mg/dL and above 250 mg/dL), less time in target glucose ranges (between 70 and 180 mg/dL and between 70 and 140 mg/dL) and had higher glucose management index values compared to those with lower distress (p < 0.01). MANCOVA models showed similar results.ConclusionsCGM users continue to experience diabetes distress. Moreover, higher distress appears to be associated with hyperglycaemia. These findings provide support for broader screening efforts for diabetes distress.