bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Bone Islands: Unusual Clinical Symptomatology
Authors: Diab Michel Gerges , Glard Yann , Launay Franck , Jouve Jean-Luc , Bollini Gérard , Cottalorda Jérôme 
Published: February 2014

Bone islands are usually considered benign, stable, nonprogressive lesions, radiographically characterized by an ovoid, round, or oblong homogeneously dense and sclerotic focus in the spongiosa, with a preference for the long bones and the pelvis. Benign solitary bone islands are usually believed to be asymptomatic, with no necessity for treatment. Symptomatic bone islands reported in the literature are characterized by a diameter greater than 2 cm, belonging to the category of giant bone islands.
The authors report a rare case starting from a painful symptomatology and involving dense sclerotic bone lesions of less than 2 cm, thus falling into the category of small bone islands. The patient underwent a surgical resection to achieve complete recovery. Normally, small bone islands do not explain the pain in patients who present with symptomatology when they are detected during radiographic studies. Based on this case, the authors believe that even small bone islands can be the cause of symptomatology and justify a surgical procedure if all medical investigations suggest no other possible causes of the pain.
Avulsive Axillary Artery Injury in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Wingert Nathaniel C. , Beck John D. , Harter G. Dean 
Published: February 2014

In addition to neurologic injuries such as peripheral nerve palsy, axillary vessel injury should be recognized as a possible complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Limb lengthening associated with Grammont-type reverse total shoulder arthroplasty places tension across the brachial plexus and axillary vessels and may contribute to observed injuries. The Grammont-type reverse total shoulder arthroplasty prosthesis reverses the shoulder ball and socket, shifts the shoulder center of rotation distal and medial, and lengthens the arm. This alteration of native anatomy converts shearing to compressive glenohumeral joint forces while augmenting and tensioning the deltoid lever arm. Joint stability is enhanced; shoulder elevation is enabled in the rotator cuff–deficient shoulder. Arm lengthening associated with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty places a longitudinal strain on the brachial plexus and axillary vessels. Peripheral nerve palsies and other neurologic complications of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have been documented.
The authors describe a patient with rotator cuff tear arthropathy and a history of radioulnar synostosis who underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty complicated by intra-operative injury to the axillary artery and postoperative radial, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerve palsies. Following a seemingly unremarkable placement of reverse shoulder components, brisk arterial bleeding was encountered while approximating the incised subscapularis tendon in preparation for wound closure. Further exploration revealed an avulsive-type injury of the axillary artery. After an unsuccessful attempt at primary repair, a synthetic arterial bypass graft was placed. Reperfusion of the right upper extremity was achieved and has been maintained to date. Postoperative clinical examination and electromyographic studies confirmed ongoing radial, ulnar, and musculocutaneous neuropathies.
Visual Functions in Amblyopia as Determinants of Response to Treatment
Authors: Singh Vinita , Agrawal Siddharth 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To describe the visual functions in amblyopia as determinants of response to treatment.

Methods:

Sixty-nine patients with unilateral and bilateral amblyopia (114 amblyopic eyes) 3 to 15 years old (mean age: 8.80 ± 2.9 years), 40 males (58%) and 29 females (42%), were included in this study. All patients were treated by conventional occlusion 6 hours per day for mild to moderate amblyopia (visual acuity 0.70 or better) and full-time for 4 weeks followed by 6 hours per day for severe amblyopia (visual acuity 0.8 or worse). During occlusion, near activities requiring hand–eye coordination were advised. The follow-up examination was done at 3 and 6 months. Improvement in visual acuity was evaluated on the logMAR chart and correlated with the visual functions. Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann–Whitney
U
test) and Kruskal–Wallis analysis.

Results:

There was a statistically significant association of poor contrast sensitivity with the grade of amblyopia (
P
< .001). The grade of amblyopia (
P
< .01), accommodation (
P
< .01), stereopsis (
P
= .01), and mesopic visual acuity (
P
< .03) were found to have a correlation with response to amblyopia therapy.

Conclusions:
The grade of amblyopia (initial visual acuity) and accommodation are strong determinants of response to amblyopia therapy, whereas stereopsis and mesopic visual acuity have some value as determinants.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(6):348–354.]
Exotropia-Hypotropia Complex in High Myopia
Authors: Monga Sumit , Kekunnaya Ramesh , Sachdeva Virender 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To highlight the association of exotropia-hypotropia complex in cases of high myopia and its surgical outcome.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 15 consecutive patients, diagnosed as having high myopia and exotropia-hypotropia, observed between January 2002 and May 2012 was performed. The main outcome measures were clinical presentation, orbital imaging features, and the surgical outcome of cases.

Results:

Of the 15 patients, 9 were female. The median age was 23.5 years (range: 10 to 35 years). Thirteen cases had unilateral high myopia in the deviated eye. The mean axial length of the deviated eye was 29.43 ± 1.51 mm. Eight patients (53%) had a history of progressive eye deviation in adulthood. All patients had amblyopia of the deviating eye. The mean preoperative exotropia was 37.2 ± 8.72 prism diopters (PD) (range: 18 to 50 PD). The mean preoperative hypotropia was 12.73 ± 5.58 PD (range: 5 to 20 PD). An elevation deficit was noted in 6 patients (40%). On orbital imaging, high myopic eyes with deviation did not show significant displacement of rectus muscles in comparison to fellow eyes (
P
> .05, all rectus muscles). Eight cases (53%) were surgically managed with a median follow-up of 7 months. Intraoperatively, one case was found to have misplaced muscle insertion. Successful alignment was achieved by surgery on either horizontal rectus muscles alone (37%), or in combination with vertical muscles (62%).

Conclusions:
Exotropia-hypotropia complex can occur in association with high myopia. No specific etiologic factors, clinical or radiological, were identified in this study. Successful alignment may be achieved in these cases using tailor-made strabismus procedures.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(6):340–346.]
Ocular Problems in Low-Income and Minority Children
Authors: Frick Daniel J. , Olitsky Scott E. , Campbell Annette , Glaros Alan G. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To report the prevalence rates of screen failures for uncorrected refractive error, abnormal or excessive levels of hyperopia, problems in binocular vision, and deficiency of near point acuity as related to age and ethnicity in children.

Methods:
Vision screening tests were administered to 9,743 African-American, Hispanic, and white children aged 6 to 11 years in the Kansas City (United States) metropolitan area. Screening was performed by health professions students using HOTV charts for refractive errors, hyperopia, and near point acuity and a Random Dot E test for binocular vision. Children were screened in their elementary schools, located in primarily poor, urban neighborhoods. The main outcome measure was pass/fail outcomes from screenings, with confirmation of screen fails by licensed health care professionals.

Results:
For African-American children, 14.1% failed one or more vision screening tests. The corresponding screen failure rates for Hispanic and white children were 14.2% and 11.0%, respectively. There were significant differences in screening failure rates as a function of age and ethnicity, depending on the specific test. The highest rates of screen failures occurred in the 9 to 11 year old age range.

Conclusions:
Vision screening failures were frequently associated with age and ethnicity. Screening performed by health professions students can successfully identify potential visual problems at rates similar to those reported in studies using more complex, sophisticated testing performed by specially trained individuals.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(6):363–368.]
Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Aniridia
Authors: Singh Bhupesh , Mohamed Ashik , Chaurasia Sunita , Ramappa Muralidhar , Mandal Anil Kumar , Jalali Subhadra , Sangwan Virender S. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To study the various clinical manifestations associated with congenital aniridia in an Indian population.

Methods:
In this retrospective, consecutive, observational case series, all patients with the diagnosis of congenital aniridia seen at the institute from January 2005 to December 2010 were reviewed. In all patients, the demographic profile, visual acuity, and associated systemic and ocular manifestations were studied.

Results:
The study included 262 eyes of 131 patients with congenital aniridia. Median patient age at the time of initial visit was 8 years (range: 1 day to 73 years). Most cases were sporadic and none of the patients had parents afflicted with aniridia. The most common anterior segment abnormality identified was lenticular changes. Cataract was the predominant lens finding, observed in 93 of 231 (40.3%) phakic eyes. Other lens abnormalities were subluxation, coloboma, posterior lenticonus, and microspherophakia. Corneal involvement of varying degrees was seen in 157 of 262 (59.9%) eyes, glaucoma was identified in 95 of 262 (36.3%) eyes, and foveal hypoplasia could be assessed in 230 of 262 (87.7%) eyes. Median age when glaucoma and cataract were noted was 7 and 14 years, respectively. None of the patients had Wilm’s tumor.

Conclusions:
Congenital aniridia was commonly associated with classically described ocular features. However, systemic associations were characteristically absent in this population. Notably, cataract and glaucoma were seen at an early age. This warrants a careful evaluation and periodic follow-up in these patients for timely identification and appropriate management.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(1):59–62.]
Association Between Video Display Terminal Use and Dry Eye Disease in School Children
Authors: Moon Jun Hyung , Lee Mee Yon , Moon Nam Ju 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
To evaluate the risk factors of dry eye disease in school children associated with video display terminal use.

Methods:
Two-hundred eighty-eight children were classified in either a dry eye disease group or control group according to the diagnostic criteria of dry eye disease. The results of ocular examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and tear break-up time, were compared between groups. The results of questionnaires concerning video display terminal use and ocular symptoms were also compared.

Results:

Twenty-eight children were included in the dry eye disease group and 260 children were included in the control group. Gender and best-corrected visual acuity were not significantly different between the two groups. Smartphone use was more common in the dry eye disease group (71%) than the control group (50%) (
P
= .036). The daily duration of smartphone use and total daily duration of video display terminal use were associated with increased risk of dry eye disease (
P
= .027 and .001, respectively), but the daily duration of computer and television use did not increase the risk of dry eye disease (
P
= .677 and .052, respectively).

Conclusions:
The results showed that smartphone use is an important dry eye disease risk factor in children. Close observation and caution regarding video display terminal use, especially smartphones, are needed for children.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(2):87–92.]
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation and Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation in Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Kraus Courtney L. , Tychsen Lawrence , Lueder Gregg T. , Culican Susan M. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose:
Among the options for surgical management of pediatric glaucoma, destruction of the ciliary body reduces aqueous production and, consequently, intraocular pressure (IOP). Compared to more invasive filtering and shunt procedures, cyclodestruction is an attractive option for control of IOP in pediatric glaucomas.

Methods:
The relative reduction in IOP, duration of effect, and comparable safety and efficacy of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in pediatric patients with glaucoma was studied in this retrospective chart review.

Results:
A reduction in IOP of 28.6% and 33.2% with TSCP and ECP, respectively, was found. Eyes treated with ECP underwent an average of 3.24 cyclodestructive procedures; eyes treated with TSCP underwent an average of 2.29 cyclodestructive treatments. These differences were not statistically significant. A final success rate of 67.6% after TSCP and 62% after ECP failed to significantly differ between the two groups. Consequently, two-thirds of the patients were able to avoid penetrating surgery and the associated risks after one or more cyclodestructive procedures.

Conclusions:
TSCP and ECP are safe, effective, and comparable treatments for pediatric glaucomas. The results suggest that TSCP and ECP may be considered first-line therapy to achieve control of IOP in all forms of pediatric glaucoma.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(2):120–127.]
New Technique of Intracorneal Ring Segments Suturing After Migration
Authors: Jarade Elias , Dirani Ali , Fadlallah Ali , Antonios Rafic , Cherfan Georges 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To describe a new technique for suturing of the intracorneal ring segments to stabilize it in the proper location and to prevent recurrent displacement of the ring.

METHODS:
Two patients with recurrent ring segment migration toward the incision were treated with this new surgical technique between 2010 and 2013. The first case had Intacs ring (Addition Technology, Fremont, CA) and migration occurred 2 months after implantation. The second case had Keraring segment (Mediphacos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) and migration occurred 1 week postoperatively. The ring segments were fixated to the cornea with a 10-0 nylon suture through the channel. The suture was removed at 1 month postoperatively.

RESULTS:
Ring segments remained in the desired location with a follow-up period of at least 6 months after implantation.

CONCLUSIONS:
This newly described ring suturing technique is an effective procedure that can be used to treat ring segment migration in the channel.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):855–857.]
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Keratitis Masquerading as Recurrent Erosion After LASIK
Authors: Riaz Kamran M. , Feder Robert S. , Srivastava Arth , Rosin Jonathan , Basti Surendra 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:

To describe the clinical stages and management of
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
keratitis with post-LASIK epithelial ingrowth in two patients.

METHODS:
Retrospective chart review.

RESULTS:

Both patients had been treated with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids for several weeks prior to presentation. Examination at presentation revealed significant areas of epithelial ingrowth without signs of acute inflammation, prompting an erroneous initial diagnosis of recurrent corneal erosion. A corneal infiltrate was eventually observed and
A. xylosoxidans
was cultured from both patients. Clinical resolution occurred with treatment consisting of topical fortified antibiotics. In one patient, the flap was lifted to obtain cultures and irrigate the stromal bed with fortified antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS:

Post-LASIK epithelial ingrowth may have served as a risk factor for
A. xylosoxidans
infection. Classic signs of infectious keratitis were absent, delaying the diagnosis. Three clinical stages described herein may assist the clinician with diagnosis and customized management obviating the need for penetrating keratoplasty.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(11):788–790.]
Refractive and Keratometric Stability in High Myopic LASIK With High-Frequency Femtosecond and Excimer Lasers
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Asimellis George 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate safety, efficacy, ergonomy, and refractive and keratometric stability in high myopia LASIK procedures using a novel femtosecond and excimer laser surgery platform.

METHODS:
One hundred sixteen eyes in consecutive cases of high myopic LASIK (⩾ −6.00 diopters [D]) with the Alcon-WaveLight FS200 femtosecond and EX500 excimer lasers (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for the following parameters: refractive error, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent correction, keratometry (with Placido topography and Scheimpflug tomography), and refractive astigmatism. Average follow-up time was 6.2 months (range: 3 to 12 months).

RESULTS:
Postoperative average refractive error was −0.37, −0.43, and −0.25 D for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month period, compared to −7.67 ± 1.55 D preoperatively. At 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively 94%, 96.3%, and 100% of eyes, respectively, were within 1.0 D defocus equivalent. Postoperative refractive astigmatism was −0.21, −0.21, −0.13 D for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month period compared to −1.07 ± 1.91 D preoperatively. The proportion of eyes with postoperative astigmatism within 0.25 D was 85.3%, 81.5%, and 100%, for the 3-, 6-, and 12-month visit, respectively. Keratometric stability was within 0.22 D after the 12-month visit. There was no epithelial ingrowth or diffuse lamellar keratitis in any case.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinical outcomes with this technique and technology appear to be promising in high level uncorrected visual rehabilitation of high myopia. There was small regression potential in the sample evaluated.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):832–837.]
Indications for and Outcomes of Tertiary Referrals in Refractive Surgery
Authors: Patryn Eliza K. , Vrijman Violette , Nieuwendaal Carla P. , van der Meulen Ivanka J.E. , Mourits Maarten P. , Lapid-Gortzak Ruth 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To review the spectrum of disease, symptomatology, and management offered to patients referred for a second opinion after refractive surgery.

METHODS:
A prospective cohort study was done on all patients referred from October 1, 2006, to September 30, 2011, to a tertiary eye clinic after refractive surgery of any kind (ie, corneal laser surgery, conductive keratoplasty, radial keratotomy, phakic implants, refractive lens exchanges, or any combination thereof). Data analysis was performed on all demographic and clinical aspects of this cohort, including the initial complaint, type of referral, number of complaints, procedure previously performed, diagnosis at our center, type of advice given, and rate and type of surgical intervention.

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-one eyes (69 patients) were included. Corneal refractive surgery was performed in 82% (108 eyes), and 11% (14 eyes) were seen after phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation and 7% (9 eyes) after refractive lens exchange. The most common diagnoses were tear film dysfunction (30 eyes, 23%), residual refractive error (25 eyes, 19%), and cataract (20 eyes, 15%). Most patients (42 patients, 61%) were treated conservatively. In 27 patients (39%), 36 eyes (28%) were managed surgically. Severe visual loss was seen in 1 eye.

CONCLUSIONS:
No major problems were found in most second opinions after refractive surgery referral. Dry eyes, small residual refractive error, or higher-order aberrations were the most common complaints. Surgical intervention was needed in 36 eyes (28%), almost half of which were cataract extractions. Severe visual loss was seen in 1 eye with a PIOL. There was no incidence of severe visual loss in keratorefractive and refractive lens exchange procedures.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(1):54–61.]
Histological Sections of Corneal Incisions in OCT-Guided Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery
Authors: Schultz Tim , Tischoff Iris , Ezeanosike Edak , Dick H. Burkhard 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate the quality and accuracy of three-dinensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided corneal incisions with the Catalys precision femtosecond laser system (OptiMedica, Sunnyvale, CA) in living human tissue.

METHODS:
In vivo cataract and intrastromal corneal incisions were made with a femtosecond laser designed for cataract surgery with a patient scheduled for enucleation.

RESULTS:
An accurate correlation between the pre-incision spectral-domain OCT and the post-incision histology was demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS:
The OCT-guided femtosecond laser is capable of creating accurate, precise, and histologically demonstrable incisions in preselected intrastromal locations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):863–864.]
LASIK Versus Photorefractive Keratectomy for High Myopic (> 3 Diopter) Astigmatism
Authors: Katz Toam , Wagenfeld Lars , Galambos Peter , Darrelmann Benedikt große , Richard Gisbert , Linke Stephan Johannes 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the efficacy, safety, predictability, and vector analysis indices of LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of high cylinder of greater than 3 diopters (D) in myopic eyes.

METHODS:
The efficacy, safety, and predictability of LASIK or PRK performed in 114 consecutive randomly selected myopic eyes with an astigmatism of greater than 3 D were retrospectively analyzed at the 2- to 6-month follow-up visits. Vector analysis of the cylindrical correction was compared between the treatment groups.

RESULTS:

A total of 57 eyes receiving PRK and 57 eyes receiving LASIK of 114 refractive surgery candidates were enrolled in the study. No statistically significant difference in efficacy [efficacy index = 0.76 (±0.32) for PRK vs 0.74 (±0.19) for LASIK (
P
= .82)], safety [safety index = 1.10 (±0.26) for PRK vs 1.01 (±0.17) for LASIK (
P
= .121)], or predictability [achieved astigmatism < 1 D in 39% of PRK- and 54% of LASIK-treated eyes, and < 2 D in 88% of PRK- and 89% of LASIK-treated eyes (
P
= .218)] was demonstrated. Using Alpins vector analysis, the surgically induced astigmatism and difference vector were not significantly different between the surgery methods, whereas the correction index showed a slight and significant advantage of LASIK over PRK (1.25 for PRK and 1.06 for LASIK,
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
LASIK and PRK are comparably safe, effective, and predictable procedures for excimer laser correction of high astigmatism of greater than 3 D in myopic eyes. Predictability of the correction of the cylindrical component is lower than that of the spherical equivalent.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(12):824–831.]