bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-penetrating Femtosecond Laser Intrastromal Astigmatic Keratotomy in Patients With Mixed Astigmatism After Previous Refractive Surgery
Authors: Venter Jan , Blumenfeld Rodney , Schallhorn Steve , Pelouskova Martina 
Published: February 2013

PURPOSE:
To report the outcomes of the correction of mixed astigmatism with non-penetrating femtosecond laser intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy in patients with previous refractive surgery.

METHODS:
One hundred twelve eyes that had low mixed astigmatism after excimer laser surgery, refractive lens exchange, or phakic intraocular lens implantation underwent intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy using paired symmetrical non-penetrating intrastromal arcuate keratotomies created 60 μm from the surface to 80% depth at 7 mm diameter. Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), subjective refraction, and keratometry. A coupling ratio was calculated to assess the change in spherical equivalent. Average follow-up was 7.6 ± 2.9 months. Patients were divided into two groups: no excimer laser corneal ablation and previous excimer laser surgery. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared between groups and analyses were performed on the whole group of eyes.

RESULTS:

Overall, the mean UDVA improved significantly from 0.18 ± 0.14 to 0.02 ± 0.12 logMAR (6/9 to ≈6/6 Snellen) (
P
< .01). The mean absolute subjective cylinder decreased significantly from 1.20 ± 0.47 diopters (D) preoperatively to 0.55 ± 0.40 D postoperatively (
P
< .01). Subjective sphere decreased significantly from +0.61 ± 0.33 to +0.17 ± 0.36 D (
P
< 0.01). The mean CDVA was −0.03 ± 0.08 logMAR (≈ 6/6 Snellen) preoperatively and −0.05 ± 0.09 logMAR (≈ 6/5 Snellen) postoperatively (
P
= .06). The coupling ratio was 0.92 ± 0.45. There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative and postoperative sphere, cylinder, UDVA, CDVA, and coupling ratio between groups. No surgical complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy was effective at reducing refractive error in patients where other surgical options were exhausted. Predictability and efficacy could be improved with nomogram refinement.
Functional Macrophage Heterogeneity in a Mouse Model of Autoimmune Central Nervous System Pathology
Authors: London Anat , Benhar Inbal , Mattapallil Mary J. , Mack Matthias , Caspi Rachel R. , Schwartz Michal 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Functional macrophage heterogeneity is well appreciated outside the CNS in wound healing and cancer, and was recently also demonstrated in several CNS compartments after “sterile” insults. Yet, such heterogeneity was largely overlooked in the context of inflammatory autoimmune pathology, in which macrophages were mainly associated with disease induction and propagation. In this article, we show the diversity of monocyte-derived macrophages along the course of experimental autoimmune uveitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the ocular system, serving as a model for CNS autoimmune pathology. Disease induction resulted in the appearance of a distinct myeloid population in the retina, and in the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages that were absent from control eyes. During the disease course, the frequency of CX3CR1high infiltrating macrophages that express markers associated with inflammation-resolving activity was increased, along with a decrease in the frequency of inflammation-associated Ly6C+ macrophages. Inhibition of monocyte infiltration at the induction phase of experimental autoimmune uveitis prevented disease onset, whereas monocyte depletion at the resolution phase resulted in a decrease in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and in exacerbated disease. Thus, monocyte-derived macrophages display distinct phenotypes throughout the disease course, even in an immune-induced pathology, reflecting their differential roles in disease induction and resolution.
Cutting Edge: STAT1 Is Required for IL-6–Mediated Bcl6 Induction for Early Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation
Authors: Choi Youn Soo , Eto Danelle , Yang Jessica A. , Lao Christopher , Crotty Shane 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Bcl6 is required for CD4 T cell differentiation into T follicular helper cells (Tfh). In this study, we examined the role of IL-6 in early processes of in vivo Tfh differentiation, because the timing and mechanism of action of IL-6 in Tfh differentiation have been controversial in vivo. We found that early Bcl6+CXCR5+ Tfh differentiation was severely impaired in the absence of IL-6; however, STAT3 deficiency failed to recapitulate that defect. IL-6R signaling activates the transcription factor STAT1 specifically in CD4 T cells. Strikingly, we found that STAT1 activity was required for Bcl6 induction and early Tfh differentiation in vivo. IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation is important for downregulation of IL-2Rα to limit Th1 cell differentiation in an acute viral infection. Thus, IL-6 signaling is a major early inducer of the Tfh differentiation program unexpectedly mediated by both STAT3 and STAT1 transcription factors.
Response to CPAP Withdrawal in Patients with Mild Versus Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: Young Laura R. , Taxin Zachary H. , Norman Robert G. , Walsleben Joyce A. , Rapoport David M. , Ayappa Indu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:Patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), even those generally compliant with CPAP therapy, often intermittently discontinue CPAP.Study Objective:Examine the impact of CPAP withdrawal on sleep, sleep disordered breathing (SDB), and daytime function in subjects with varying severity of OSAHS.Patients and Interventions:Forty-two subjects (26M/16 F) with OSAHS (AHI4% = 45.2 ± 35.5/h pretreatment) on CPAP for 4 months were evaluated on the second night of CPAP withdrawal. Sleep architecture, SDB indices, and subjective/objective daytime function were assessed pretreatment, on CPAP therapy, and after CPAP withdrawal. Comparisons were made between pretreatment and CPAP withdrawal for the entire group, and for subgroups of mild/moderate (AHI4% &lt; 30/h, n = 22) and severe (AHI4% &gt; 30/h, n = 20) SDB.Results:Overall, and for mild/moderate subjects, SDB indices returned to pretreatment values on CPAP withdrawal but with fewer apneas and more hypopneas/RERAs. For severe SDB, the event frequency (AI, AHI4%, and RDI) was lower and O2 desaturation was improved on CPAP withdrawal. Across SDB severity, sleep architecture showed lower %REM (15.6% vs 12.9%, P = 0.009) on the CPAP withdrawal compared to pretreatment. Stanford Sleepiness Score, MSLT, and PVT measures were not significantly different between pretreatment and CPAP withdrawal.Conclusions:Over a wide range of SDB severity CPAP withdrawal results in recurrence of SDB, albeit with less severe O2 desaturation. Subjective/objective daytime function returned to pretreatment levels. Sleep architecture changes on CPAP withdrawal (acute SDB) may reflect reduced sleep pressure compared to pretreatment chronic SDB. Our data suggest detrimental effects of even brief withdrawal of CPAP in subjects with both mild and severe OSAHS.
Common Genetic Variants inARNTLandNPAS2and at Chromosome 12p13 are Associated with Objectively Measured Sleep Traits in the Elderly
Authors: Evans Daniel S. , Parimi Neeta , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Blackwell Terri , Redline Susan , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Orwoll Eric S. , Cummings Steven R. , Stone Katie L. , Tranah Gregory J. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Groups
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:To determine the association between common genetic variation in the clock gene pathway and objectively measured actigraphic sleep and activity rhythm traits.Design:Genetic association study in two population-based cohorts of elderly participants: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) and the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study.Setting:Population-based.Participants:SOF participants (n = 1,407, 100% female, mean age 84 years) and MrOS participants (n = 2,527, 100% male, mean age 77 years) with actigraphy and genotype data.Interventions:N/A.Measurements and Results:Common genetic variation in 30 candidate genes was captured using 529 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Sleep and activity rhythm traits were objectively measured using wrist actigraphy. In a region of high linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 12p13 containing the candidate gene GNB3, the rs1047776 A allele and the rs2238114 C allele were significantly associated with higher wake after sleep onset (meta-analysis: rs1047776 PADD = 2 × 10-5, rs2238114 PADD = 5 × 10-5) and lower LRRC23 gene expression (rs1047776: ρ = -0.22, P = 0.02; rs2238114: ρ = -0.50, P = 5 × 10-8). In MrOS participants, SNPs in ARNTL and NPAS2, genes coding for binding partners, were associated with later sleep and wake onset time (sleep onset time: ARNTL rs3816358 P2DF = 1 × 10-4, NPAS2 rs3768984 P2DF = 5 × 10-5; wake onset time: rs3816358 P2DF = 3 × 10-3, rs3768984 P2DF = 2 × 10-4) and the SNP interaction was significant (sleep onset time PINT = 0.003, wake onset time PINT = 0.001). A SNP association in the CLOCK gene replicated in the MrOS cohort, and rs3768984 was associated with sleep duration in a previously reported study. Cluster analysis identified four clusters of genetic associations.Conclusions:These findings support a role for common genetic variation in clock genes in the regulation of inter-related sleep traits in the elderly.
Targeted and pH‐Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin to Cancer Cells Using Multifunctional Dendrimer‐Modified Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wen Shihui , Liu Hui , Cai Hongdong , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report the use of multifunctional dendrimer‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for targeted and pH‐responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) into cancer cells. In this study, amine‐terminated generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FI) and folic acid (FA) were covalently linked to acid‐treated MWCNTs, followed by acetylation of the remaining dendrimer terminal amines to neutralize the positive surface potential. The formed multifunctional MWCNTs (MWCNT/G5.NHAc‐FI‐FA) were characterized via different techniques. Then, the MWCNT/G5.NHAc‐FI‐FA was used to load DOX for targeted and pH‐responsive delivery to cancer cells overexpressing high‐affinity folic acid receptors (FAR). We showed that the MWCNT/G5.NHAc‐FI‐FA enabled a high drug payload and encapsulation efficiency both up to 97.8% and the formed DOX/MWCNT/G5.NHAc‐FI‐FA complexes displayed a pH‐responsive release property with fast DOX release under acidic environment and slow release at physiological pH conditions. Importantly, the DOX/MWCNT/G5.NHAc‐FI‐FA complexes displayed effective therapeutic efficacy, similar to that of free DOX, and were able to target to cancer cells overexpressing high‐affinity FAR and effectively inhibit the growth of the cancer cells. The synthesized multifunctional dendrimer‐modified MWCNTs may be used as a targeted and pH‐responsive delivery system for targeting therapy of different types of cancer cells.
Fatalities due to dichloromethane in paint strippers: A continuing problem
Authors: MacIsaac Julia , Harrison Robert , Krishnaswami Janani , McNary Jennifer , Suchard Jeffrey , Boysen‐Osborn Megan , Cierpich Hank , Styles Laura , Shusterman Dennis 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundExposure to dichloromethane (DCM or methylene chloride ‐ CH2Cl2) in paint strippers continues to be an avoidable source of morbidity and mortality. DCM has been under regulatory scrutiny by occupational and consumer product agencies since the identification of its carcinogenicity in the mid‐1980s.MethodsWe investigated two independent workplace incidents that resulted in three cases of DCM intoxication from paint stripper use.ResultsEach incident investigated resulted in a fatality. A third worker suffered obtundation requiring hospitalization and intubation.ConclusionsThe continued occurrence of fatalities and other serious injuries due to DCM‐containing paint strippers in the United States calls for a re‐evaluation of existing regulatory strategies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:907–910, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overview of immigrant worker occupational health and safety for the agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AgFF) sector in the southeastern United States
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Sidebottom Jill , Wiggins Melinda F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundManual labor in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AgFF) Sector is provided primarily by immigrant workers. Limited information is available that documents the demographic characteristics of these manual workers, the occupational illnesses, injuries and fatalities they experience; or the risk factors to which they are exposed.MethodsA working conference of experts on occupational health in the AgFF Sector was held to address information limitations. This paper provides an overview of the conference. Other reports address organization of work, health outcomes, healthcare access, and safety policy.ContentsThis report addresses how best to define the population and the AgFF Sector, occupational exposures for the sector, data limitations, characteristics of immigrant workers, reasons for concern for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, regulations, a conceptual model for occupational health, and directions for research and intervention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:912–924, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Developments in Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhase‐transfer catalysis has been recognized as a powerful method for establishing practical protocols for organic synthesis, because it offers several advantages, such as operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, suitability for large‐scale synthesis, and the environmentally benign nature of the reaction system. Since the pioneering studies on highly enantioselective alkylations promoted by chiral phase‐transfer catalysts, this research field has served as an attractive area for the pursuit of “green” sustainable chemistry. A wide variety of asymmetric transformations catalyzed by chiral onium salts and crown ethers have been developed for the synthesis of valuable organic compounds in the past several decades, especially in recent years.
Synthesis, characterization, and application of a triazene‐based polysulfone as a dye adsorbent
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Kazem‐Rostami Masoud , Zare Abdolkarim , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad Reza , Sadeghpour Mahdieh , Afkhami Abbas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNovel triazene‐based polysulfone, poly 4‐(4‐aminophenylsulfonyl)diazobenzene, was synthesized from 4‐[(4‐aminobenzene)sulfonyl]aniline (Dapsone) in the presence of sodium nitrite/silica sulfuric acid system, under solvent‐free conditions, and also in aqueous media to compare their polymerization process and the products. The structures of the obtained polymers under the two conditions were characterized for the first time in this investigation by several analytical and spectroscopic methods such as FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, UV–vis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, gel permeation chromatography, mass spectrometry, and CHN micro‐elemental analysis. The results showed that both polymerization processes had made the same product; nevertheless, the solvent‐free conditions afforded silica‐coated poly 4‐(4‐aminophenylsulfonyl)diazobenzene. In another study, the ability of the silica‐coated polymer, to remove some usual applied water‐soluble dyes by spectrophotometric detection, was measured in which cationic structure dyes such as Rhodamine B and Cationic blue 41 were preferably adsorbed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Maltreatment in Foster Care: A review of the evidence
Authors: Biehal Nina 
Published: February 2013

This article examines the evidence on maltreatment in foster care, drawing on a critical review of research published in the USA, the UK and Australia. Few studies have reported on the extent of maltreatment in this setting and the evidence that does exist is inconclusive. The limited available evidence suggests that maltreatment may be reported for up to two per cent of children in foster care in any one year, but much depends on the definitions used and on local variation in thresholds for investigation. The article discusses the perpetrators and nature of this maltreatment and problems with substantiation, and highlights important gaps in the existing research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Messages:

It is important to distinguish allegations of maltreatment from those concerning poor standards of care. However, the boundary between the two may sometimes be unclear.
Poor assessment and supervision of foster carers may increase the risk of maltreatment.
Precipitate responses to allegations of poor standards of care, without a proper assessment of the balance of risks, may themselves be harmful to children's emotional wellbeing.‘It is important to distinguish allegations of maltreatment from those concerning poor standards of care’
Rapid and Specific Post‐Synthesis Modification of DNA through a Biocompatible Condensation of 1,2‐Aminothiols with 2‐Cyanobenzothiazole
Authors: Cheng Yunfeng , Peng Hanjing , Chen Weixuan , Ni Nanting , Ke Bowen , Dai Chaofeng , Wang Binghe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPost‐synthesis modification of DNA is an important way of functionalizing DNA molecules. Herein, we describe a method that first enzymatically incorporates a cyanobenzothiazole (CBT)‐modified thymidine. The side‐chain handle CBT can undergo a rapid and site‐specific cyclization reaction with 1,2‐aminothiols to afford DNA functionalization in aqueous solution. Another key advantage of this method is the formation of a single stereo/regioisomer in the process, which allows for precise control of DNA modification to yield a single component for aptamer selection work and other applications.
Stereodynamics of Metal–Ligand Assembly: What Lies Beneath the “Simple” Spectral Signatures of C2‐Symmetric Chiral Chelates
Authors: Jung Jiyoung , Jo Junyong , Laskar Moitree , Lee Dongwhan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of C2‐symmetric chiral tetra‐dentate ligands were prepared by using [4,5]‐ or [5,6]‐pinene‐fused 2,2′‐bipyridyl units that are supported across a rigid arylene–ethynylene backbone. These conformationally pre‐organised chelates support stable 1:1 metal complexes, which were fully characterised by UV/Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A careful inspection of the exciton‐coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) and 1H NMR spectra of the reaction mixture in solution, however, revealed the evolution and decay of intermediate species en route to the final 1:1 metal–ligand adduct. Consistent with this model, mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of multiple metal complexes in solution at high ligand‐to‐metal ratios, which were essentially unobservable by UV/Vis or fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. Comparative studies with a bi‐dentate model system have fully established the functional role of the π‐conjugated ligand skeleton that dramatically enhances the thermodynamic stability of the 1:1 complex. In addition to serving as a useful spectroscopic handle to understand the otherwise “invisible” solution dynamics of this metal–ligand assembly process, temperature‐dependent changes in the proton resonances associated with the chiral ligands allowed us to determine the activation barrier (ΔG≠) for the chirality switching between the thermodynamically stable but kinetically labile (P)‐ and (M)‐stereoisomers.
Label‐Free Detection of MicroRNA: Two‐Step Signal Enhancement with a Hairpin‐Probe‐Based Graphene Fluorescence Switch and Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Zhou Xiaoming , Xing Da 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA label‐free approach with multiple enhancement of the signal for microRNA detection has been introduced. The key idea of this strategy is achieved by taking advantage of a novel graphene oxide (GO)/intercalating dye based fluorescent hairpin probe (HP) and an isothermal polymerization reaction. In this paper, we used microRNA‐21 (mir‐21) as the target to examine the desirable properties of this assay. When the target, as a “trigger”, was hybridized with the HP and caused a conformation change, an efficient isothermal polymerization reaction was activated to achieve the first step of the “signal” amplification. After incubation with the platform of GO/intercalating dye, the formed complex of DNA interacted with the high‐affinity dye and then detached from the surface of the GO, a process that was accompanied by distinguishable fluorescence recovery. Further signal enhancement has been accomplished by a mass of intercalating dye inserting into the minor groove of the long duplex replication product. Due to the efficient and multiple amplification steps, this approach exerted a substantial enhancement in sensitivity and could be used for rapid and selective detection of Mir‐21 at attomole levels. Proof‐of‐concept evidence has been provided for the proposed cost‐effective strategy; thus, this strategy could expand the application of GO‐material‐based bioanalysis for nucleic acid studies.
Relative sensitivity of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration by tumor type and size
Authors: Jo Vickie Y. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has high sensitivity. Previous studies demonstrated correlation between FNA sensitivity and PTC size, and lower sensitivity for follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC). Data are lacking for other types of thyroid carcinomas. Methods: 996 resected thyroid carcinomas at two institutions (6‐ and 10‐year periods) were correlated with FNA diagnoses and clinical and radiologic data to determine sensitivity for each malignancy type. Results: There were 867 PTCs (371 FVPTC), 101 follicular carcinomas (FCs) (31 oncocytic), 16 medullary carcinomas, and 12 poorly differentiated carcinomas (PDCAR). Mean size of classical PTC (CPTC; 1.9 cm) was smaller than FVPTC (2.2 cm), FC (3.0 cm), oncocytic FC (3.0 cm), and PDCAR (2.8 cm) (P<0.003 each), but not medullary carcinoma (1.7 cm) (P=0.45). Sensitivity was higher for CPTC (88%), compared to FVPTC (78%;P<0.0001) and FC (71%;P=0.0006) and was lower for FC than PDCAR (100%;P<0.04). For tumors ≤1.0 cm, FNA sensitivity for CPTC was higher than for FVPTC (P=0.02). For tumors 1.1–2.9 cm, sensitivity for CPTC was better than FVPTC (P=0.0001) and FC (P=0.0008). Between size groups, only CPTC showed a significant change with decreased sensitivity for tumors ≥3.0 cm (P<0.003). Conclusion: FNA is more sensitive for CPTC, PDCAR, and medullary carcinoma. For CPTC, FNA sensitivity is highest for tumors 1.1–2.9 cm. FNA sensitivity is higher for CPTC than FVPTC for nodules <3.0 cm. FNA sensitivity is lower for FC than CPTC and PDCAR. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:871–875. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rigidochromic Phosphorescence of [Ir(2‐phenylpyridine)2(2,2′‐bipyridine)]+ in C16TMA+: Layered Silicate and Its Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Mochizuki Dai , Sugiyama Motohiko , Maitani Masato M. , Wada Yuji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLayered silicate–[Ir(2‐phenylpyridine)2(2,2′‐bipyridine)]+ {[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+} composites were synthesized by the ion exchange between the intercalated alkyltrimethylammonium ions and [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+ ions. The loading amounts of the Ir complexes were increased by an increase in the reaction temperature. The photophysical properties of the samples were characterized by the luminescence spectra and luminescence lifetimes. The photophysical properties of Ir complexes were affected by the loading amount in the interlayer space, which resulted in higher‐energy phosphorescence emission. The higher‐energy state in the low‐loading samples was applied to Förster resonance energy transfer to the exterior acceptor molecules.