bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Cell Death Is Reduced With Cooling by 3.5°C to 5°C but Increased With Cooling by 8.5°C in a Piglet Asphyxia Model
Authors: Alonso-Alconada Daniel , Broad Kevin D. , Bainbridge Alan , Chandrasekaran Manigandan , Faulkner Stuart D. , Kerenyi Áron , Hassell Jane , Rocha-Ferreira Eridan , Hristova Mariya , Fleiss Bobbi , Bennett Kate , Kelen Dorottya , Cady Ernest , Gressens Pierre , Golay Xavier , Robertson Nicola J. 
Published: November 2014

Background and Purpose—
In infants with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy, whole-body cooling at 33°C to 34°C for 72 hours is standard care with a number needed to treat to prevent a adverse outcome of 6 to 7. The precise brain temperature providing optimal neuroprotection is unknown.

Methods—
After a quantified global cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult, 28 piglets aged <24 hours were randomized (each group, n=7) to (1) normothermia (38.5°C throughout) or whole-body cooling 2 to 26 hours after insult to (2) 35°C, (3) 33.5°C, or (4) 30°C. At 48 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, delayed cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling and cleaved caspase 3) and microglial ramification (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1) were evaluated.

Results—

At 48 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, substantial cerebral injury was found in the normothermia and 30°C hypothermia groups. However, with 35°C and 33.5°C cooling, a clear reduction in delayed cell death and microglial activation was observed in most brain regions (
P
<0.05), with no differences between 35°C and 33.5°C cooling groups. A protective pattern was observed, with U-shaped temperature dependence in delayed cell death in periventricular white matter, caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, and thalamus. A microglial activation pattern was also seen, with inverted U-shaped temperature dependence in periventricular white matter, caudate nucleus, internal capsule, and hippocampus (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
Cooling to 35°C (an absolute drop of 3.5°C as in therapeutic hypothermia protocols) or to 33.5°C provided protection in most brain regions after a cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult in the newborn piglet. Although the relatively wide therapeutic range of a 3.5°C to 5°C drop in temperature reassured, overcooling (an 8.5°C drop) was clearly detrimental in some brain regions.
Intertextual Alliances: Huang Hui’s Synthesis of Confucian and Buddhist Paths to Liberation
Authors: Eichman Jennifer 
Published: November 2014

This article argues for a reconsideration of how we categorize individual attempts at sanjiao heyi-style syntheses and characterize the broader late sixteenth-century milieu that nourished such attempts. In Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言 (Parting Words for Zheng Kunyan), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthesized a highly selective number of Chan Buddhist and Yangming Confucian ideas to create a path to self-cultivation rooted in the interstitial dialogue between the branch of third-generation Yangming Confucians headed by Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) and the Buddhist teachings expounded by the monk Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Unlike Confucian scholars who wrote polemical sanjiao heyi texts, Huang was an enthusiastic synthesizer intent on benefiting from both Buddhist and Confucian traditions. A close analysis of his work offers one illustration of how such syntheses were constructed while further revealing the broader philosophical discourse generated by Huang’s circle. Cet article invite à reconsidérer la façon dont sont catégorisées les tentatives individuelles de synthèse entre les “trois religions” (sanjiao heyi) et dont on décrit plus généralement le milieu qui produisait ce genre de tentative à la fin du xvie siècle. Dans ses Paroles d’adieu pour Zheng Kunyan (Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthétise un certain nombre d’idées soigneusement choisies au sein du bouddhisme chan et du confucianisme de l’école de Wang Yangming pour inventer une voie de perfectionnement moral enracinée dans le dialogue interstitiel entre le groupe de la troisième génération des disciples de Wang Yangming mené par Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) et les enseignements bouddhistes du moine Zhuhong 袾宏 (1535–1615). Contrairement aux lettrés confucéens qui produisaient des textes polémiques sur les trois religions, Huang se révèle un ardent partisan de la synthèse et cherche à tirer parti des deux traditions, bouddhiste et confucéenne. L’examen attentif de son œuvre illustre la façon dont de telles synthèses étaient édifiées, tout en mettant en évidence le discours philosophique plus général émanant du cercle auquel appartenait Huang.
New Roots
Authors: Modest Wayne , Jaffe Rivke 
Published: November 2014

This article explores contemporary ontologies of blackness in the Caribbean island of Jamaica. Approaching blackness as an ontological issue – an issue that pertains to the being, or the existence, of a category of people – we emphasize the spatial dimension of such ontologies. Drawing on Jamaican contemporary art and popular music, we propose that the site of blackness, as it is imagined in Jamaica, has shifted from Africa towards ‘the ghetto.’ Tracing changing Jamaican perspectives on race and nation, the article discusses how self-definitions of ‘being black’ and ‘being Jamaican’ involve the negotiation of historical consciousness and transnational connectivity. During much of the twentieth century, various Jamaican social and political movements looked primarily to the African continent as a referent for blackness. In the twenty-first century, the urban space of the ghetto has become more central in Jamaican social commentary and critique. By tracing the historical shifts of the spatial imaginary onto which racial belonging and authenticity are projected, we seek to foreground the mutability of the relation between blackness and Africanness.
Apparent diffusion coefficient for lymph node characterization after chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Kim Seung Ho , Ryu Kyeong Hwa , Yoon Jung-Hee , Lee Yedaun , Paik Jin Ho , Kim Suk Jung , Jung Hyun Kyung , Lee Kwang Hwi 
Published: November 2014

Background Because further treatment plans depends on lymph node (LN) status after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT), the accurate characterization of LN is important. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for LN characterization after CRT and to compare the performance with that of LN size. Material and Methods Fifty-three patients (36 men, 17 women; mean age, 58 years; age range, 34–79 years) who underwent CRT and subsequent surgery were included. All patients underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each regional LN on post-CRT MRI was identified in consensus by two radiologists after reviewing the pre-CRT MRI. The ADC value and size in each LN was measured. To compare the mean ADC values and sizes of the metastatic and non-metastatic LNs after CRT, the t-test was used. To calculate the performance, a ROC curve analysis was performed. The histopathological examinations served as the reference standard. Results A total of 115 LNs (29 metastatic and 86 non-metastatic) were matched and analyzed. The mean ADC of the metastatic LNs was significantly higher than that of the non-metastatic LNs (1.36 ± 0.27 × 10–3mm2/s; 1.13 ± 0.23 × 10–3mm2/s, P < 0.0001). The mean size of the metastatic LNs was also significantly larger than that of the non-metastatic LNs (5.6 ± 3.1; 3.9 ± 1.2, P = 0.0078). There was no significant difference between the areas under the curve of the ADC and size (0.742 [95% CI, 0.652–0.819]; 0.680 [0.586–0.764], respectively, P = 0.4090). Conclusion The performance of ADC for LN characterization after CRT was comparable to that of LN size.
Organizational Climate as Performance Driver
Authors: Carlucci Daniela , Schiuma Giovanni 
Published: November 2014

Recently health care (HC) organizations have increasingly embarked on organizational climate (OC) assessment with the intent to improve their efficiency and the quality of the delivered services. This is important; however, it is even if more crucial to ensure that workers engaged in the evaluation process are aware of the importance of their fruitful engagement in this investigation as well as of its potential benefits. From the management viewpoint, this is crucial to plan and implement management initiatives able to create a great place to work. The purpose of this paper is to shed empirical light on how, in effect, HC workers perceive OC for itself and as a performance driver to assess and manage. The study was carried out through an action research (AR) project, which included the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Key phases of the AR project were some focus groups and a survey. During the focus groups, several methods and approaches were adopted for getting opinions from people and animating discussion. About the survey, a total sample of 560 HC workers was investigated.  The AR project has shown that even if HC workers intuitively conceive OC as an important performance driver, the meaning of the construct is not completely clear. Moreover, a good level of awareness among HC workers about how and why OC can improve individual and organizational performance represents a key issue to address in evaluating and managing OC.
Motivations, Satisfaction, and Fears of Death and Dying in Residential Hospice Volunteers
Authors: Nissim Rinat , Emmerson Debbie , O’Neill Bill , Marchington Katie , Draper Haley , Rodin Gary 
Published: November 2014

Rationale: Studies conducted on hospice volunteers’ characteristics and experiences have been cross-sectional. We conducted a prospective study to examine changes in the volunteer experience over time in a cohort of volunteers during the first year of a new residential hospice. Method: Eighty-two active volunteers completed an online baseline survey, and of these, 39 completed a follow-up survey at 6 months. The survey included measures of motivations to volunteer, satisfaction with role and with the organization, and fear of death and dying. Results: Repeated measures analyses indicated that motivations to volunteer remained stable over time while volunteer satisfaction increased with time. Baseline level of fears of death and dying varied by age, volunteer role, and motivations to volunteer and decreased at 6 months. Conclusion: Volunteering in a residential hospice tends to be a satisfying experience that helps to allay fears about death and dying.
Prone ventilation in a patient with traumatic brain injury, bifrontal craniectomy and intracranial hypertension
Authors: Kayani Arooj S , Feldman Jeremy P 
Published: November 2014

Background Prone position during mechanical ventilation has shown to improve oxygenation and decrease mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone ventilation has been described in trauma patients, but there is paucity of data on prone ventilation in patients with traumatic brain injury. Case We present the case of a 23 year old male who presented with a closed head injury and was intubated for depressed mental status. Imaging revealed a left parietal epidural hematoma and multiple intracranial hemorrhages. He was also found to have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Medical management, external ventricular drain (EVD) as well as left hemicraniectomy and evacuation of the epidural hematoma all failed to lower the ICP. The patient eventually underwent bifrontal craniectomy and extension of left hemicraniectomy. One week later, he developed aspiration pneumonia and ARDS. Despite traumatic brain injury and bifrontal craniectomy, the patient was placed on prone ventilation for three days. He was maintained on higher than usual tidal volumes, and positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased cautiously due to elevated ICP. He also developed fever of central origin and was placed on a normothermia protocol with a venous cooling catheter, which was discontinued after 10 days upon resolution of the fever. The patient eventually had a cranioplasty and was weaned off the ventilator. He was discharged home after neurorehabilitation. Conclusion Most of the studies on prone ventilation excluded patients with traumatic brain injury and reduced intracranial compliance. Our case demonstrates that non-conventional modes of ventilation like prone position ventilation as well as higher tidal volumes and moderate PEEP, if employed cautiously, can be used successfully in patients with traumatic brain injury, intracranial hypertension and craniectomy.
Using the Alzheimer’s Association Web Site to Improve Knowledge of Alzheimer’s Disease in Health Care Providers
Authors: Hughes Matthew L. , Lowe Deborah A. , Shine Hannah E. , Carpenter Brian D. , Balsis Steve 
Published: November 2014

Background: The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether an informative Web site is effective at producing higher scores for an individual’s knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relative to those who do not visit a Web site. Methods: A total of 552 participants completed the study on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk; half were randomly assigned to visit alz.org , while a control group did not. Both groups were given the AD Knowledge Scale (ADKS) to assess their knowledge of AD. Results: Participants who visited alz.org scored significantly higher on the ADKS than those in the control group. Participants who were health care workers demonstrated higher scores than others in the experimental condition. Findings indicate that the Alzheimer’s Association Web site is effective at producing higher scores for AD knowledge relative to no Web site at all and that it is especially helpful for health care workers compared to those who are not health care workers.
Capability of coupled CdSe/TiO2 heterogeneous structure for photocatalytic degradation and photoconductivity
Authors: Zhang Miao , Xu Yanyan , Lv Jianguo , Yang Lei , Jiang Xishun , He Gang , Song Xueping , Sun Zhaoqi 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2-NTAs), with a uniform tube size on titanium substrate, were obtained by means of reoxidation and annealing. A composite structure, CdSe quantum dots@TiO2 nanotube arrays (CdSe QDs@TiO2-NTAs), was fabricated by assembling CdSe quantum dots into TiO2-NTAs via cyclic voltammetry electrochemical deposition. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were carried out for the determination of the composition and structure of the tubular layers. Optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). Photocurrent response under visible light illumination and photocatalytic activity of samples by degradation of methyl orange were measured. The results demonstrated that the photo absorption of the composite film shifted to the visible region, and the photocurrent intensity was greatly enhanced due to the assembly of CdSe QDs. Especially, photocurrent achieved a maximum of 1.853 μA/cm2 after five voltammetry cycles of all samples. After irradiation under ultra violet-visible light for 2 h, the degradation rate of composition to methyl orange (MO) reached 88.20%, demonstrating that the CdSe QDs@TiO2-NTAs exhibited higher photocatalytic activity.
Defining hospital markets – an application to the German hospital sector
Authors: Hentschker Corinna , Mennicken Roman , Schmid Andreas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The correct definition of the product market and of the geographic market is a prerequisite for assessing market structures in antitrust cases. For hospital markets, both dimensions are controversially discussed in the literature. Using data for the German hospital market we aim at elaborating the need for differentiating the product market and at investigating the effects of different thresholds for the delineation of the geographic market based on patient flows. Thereby we contribute to the scarce empirical evidence on the structure of the German hospital market. We find that the German hospital sector is highly concentrated, confirming the results of a singular prior study. Furthermore, using a very general product market definition such as “acute in-patient care” averages out severe discrepancies that become visible when concentration is considered on the level of individual diagnoses. In contrast, varying thresholds for the definition of the geographic market has only impact on the level of concentration, while the correlation remains high. Our results underline the need for more empirical research concerning the definition of the product market for hospital services.

JEL classification: I11, K21, L11, L40.
The Delay Effect in a Stochastic Multiplier–Accelerator Model
Authors: Dassios Ioannis K , Zimbidis Alexandros A , Kontzalis Charalambos P 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper extends the classical Samuelson multiplier–accelerator model for national economy. Actually, this new modeling structure removes the basic shortcoming of the original model producing stable business cycles when realistic values of the parameters (multiplier, accelerator) are entered into the system of equations. Under this new approach, we introduce some kind of randomness and memory into the system. We assume that consumption, private investment and governmental expenditure depend upon the national income values of the last n (

n
>
1

) years and further assume that multiplier and accelerator factors are stochastic variables. Then stochastic delayed difference equations of higher order are employed to describe the model, while the respective solutions of higher order polynomials for the expectation of national income variables correspond to the typical observed business cycles of real economy. Stability and controllability conditions are investigated while numerical examples provide further insight and better understanding as regards the control actions, system design, and produced business cycles.
Lipid raft-associated β-adducin is required for PSGL-1-mediated neutrophil rolling on P-selectin
Authors: Xu Tingshuang , Liu Wenai , Yang Chen , Ba Xueqing , Wang Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong , Zeng Xianlu 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Lipid rafts, a liquid-ordered plasma membrane microdomain, are related to cell-surface receptor function. PSGL-1, a major surface receptor protein for leukocyte, also acts as a signaling receptor in leukocyte rolling. To investigate the role of lipid raft in PSGL-1 signaling in human neutrophils, we quantitatively analyzed lipid raft proteome of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 cells and identified a lipid raft-associated protein β-adducin. PSGL-1 ligation induced dissociation of the raft-associated protein β-adducin from lipid rafts and actin, as well as phosphorylation of β-adducin, indicating a transient uncoupling of lipid rafts from the actin cytoskeleton. Knockdown of β-adducin greatly attenuated HL-60 cells rolling on P-selectin. We also showed that Src kinase is crucial for PSGL-1 ligation-induced β-adducin phosphorylation and relocation. Taken together, these results show that β-adducin is a pivotal lipid raft-associated protein in PSGL-1-mediated neutrophil rolling on P-selectin.
King V. Burwell: Desperately Seeking Ambiguity in Clear Statutory Text
Authors: Adler Jonathan H. , Cannon Michael F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Does the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 authorize tax credits within the thirty-six states that failed to establish health insurance exchanges? That is the question presented in Pruitt v. Burwell, Halbig v. Burwell, King v. Burwell, and Indiana v. IRS. The plaintiffs argue that the statute is clear and forecloses any possibility of tax credits in federal exchanges. The government argues that the statute plainly authorizes tax credits in federal exchanges, or is at least ambiguous on the question. Mere disagreement is not evidence of ambiguity. Reaching the truth requires wading deep into each side's arguments. Whether the relevant text is viewed in isolation or in its full statutory context, the ACA authorizes tax credits only in exchanges established by the states.
Three Words and the Future of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Bagley Nicholas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
As an essential part of its effort to achieve near universal coverage, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) extends sizable tax credits to most people who buy insurance on the newly established health care exchanges. Yet several lawsuits have been filed challenging the availability of those tax credits in the thirty-four states that refused to set up their own exchanges. The lawsuits are premised on a strained interpretation of the ACA that, if accepted, would make a hash of other provisions of the statute and undermine its effort to extend coverage to the uninsured. The courts should reject this latest effort to dismantle a critical feature of the ACA.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Stigmatellin and Crocacin C
Authors: Infante-Rodriguez Carolina , Domon Lisianne , Breuilles Pascal , Uguen Daniel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The crystalline sulfone 18 (X-ray analysis), prepared from the monoacetate product [i.e., (+)-12; 98.2% ee] of the lipase PS-catalyzed acetylation of anti,anti-2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-pentantriol (19a), has been elaborated either to crocacin C (10) or stigmatellin (1), thereby providing a convenient divergent access to these two natural antibiotics.
A human factors perspective on medical device alarms: problems with operating alarming devices and responding to device alarms
Authors: Lange Kathrin , Nowak Miriam , Lauer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMedical devices emit alarms when a problem with the device or with the patient needs to be addressed by healthcare personnel. At present, problems with device alarms are frequently discussed in the literature, the main message being that patient safety is compromised because device alarms are not as effective and safe as they should – and could – be. There is a general consensus that alarm-related hazards result, to a considerable degree, from the interactions of human users with the device. The present paper addresses key aspects of human perception and cognition that may relate to both operating alarming devices and responding to device alarms. Recent publications suggested solutions to alarm-related hazards associated with usage errors based on assumptions on the causal relations between, for example, alarm management and human perception, cognition, and responding. However, although there is face validity in many of these assumptions, future research should provide objective empirical evidence in order to deepen our understanding of the actual causal relationships, and hence improve and expand the possibilities for taking appropriate action.
Numerical Solution of Singular Patterns in One-dimensional Gray-Scott-like Models
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. , Patidar Kailash C. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, numerical simulations of coupled one-dimensional Gray-Scott model for pulse splitting process, self-replicating patterns and unsteady oscillatory fronts associated with autocatalytic reaction-diffusion equations as well as homoclinic stripe patterns, self-replicating pulse and other chaotic dynamics in Gierer-Meinhardt equations [12] are investigated. Our major approach is the use of higher order exponential time differencing Runge-Kutta (ETDRK) scheme that was earlier proposed by Cox and Matthews [5], which was later presented as a result of instability in a modified form by Krogstad [24] to solve stiff semi-linear problems. The semi-linear problems under consideration in this context are split into linear, which harbors the stiffest part of the dynamical system and nonlinear part that varies slowly than the linear part. For the spatial discretization, we employ higher-order symmetric finite difference scheme and solve the resulting system of ODEs with higher-order ETDRK method. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the accuracy and implementation of the methods, results and error comparisons with other standard schemes are well presented.