bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change, Urbanization and Livelihood Perspective of Indigenous Fishing Communities of Mumbai, India
Authors: Senapati Sibananda , Gupta Vijaya 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This study is an attempt to derive the socio-economic implications of climate change and other environmental issues pertaining to fishing communities residing in and around Mumbai, India. A substantial number of populations in Mumbai city are the fishing communities, popularly known as ‘Koli’. They are the earliest inhabitants of the city. Coastal cities are most productive as well as most vulnerable to environmental changes. They support a number of economic activities which include fishing, agriculture, urbanization, real estate, tourism, transport, oil exploration etc. As a result, the anthropogenic pressure on coastal cities is increasing. Koli communities in Mumbai encounter diverse socio-economic and climatic pressures including sea level rise, floods, storms, etc. The implications of climate change on Koli communities as well as other environmental issues pertaining to fishing villages in Mumbai are discussed in detail in this study. Five fishing villages from Mumbai are selected for a primary study based on a structured questionnaire. Nearly 200 households are surveyed in a period over six months in 2011-12, finally 182 households information is considered for further analysis. On the basis of the findings, this study suggests that issue of lack of asset formation and financial insecurity among young fishermen may be taken care by linking the fisheries societies in Mumbai and in other regions with the support from local governments. The benefits of subsidies, insurance may be distributed progressively based on their financial needs to all fishermen rather than benefiting the large scale fishermen alone.
Types and Forms of Relief on Gherasim Torrential Valley, Târgu Ocna
Authors: Mară M. , Dârlău Oana 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The present study brings new data regarding the landforms occurring on gypsum rocks through the action of denudation processes. The landforms signaled complement the domain literature with natural dams, vertical shafts and reappearing springs, developed at the contact between the Subcarpathians and Berzunţi Mts. The presence of the gypsum dam has slowed down the intensity of erosion processes upstream, in comparison to the neighboring valleys. The analyzed area has also an educational importance, offering sufficient objectives for the knowledge of the local characteristics or for field applications. The perimeter presents sufficient objectives also to be included on the list of protected areas of national interest.
Suitability of Wind Potential in Some Areas of Central Moldavian Plateau
Authors: Liviu Apostol , Tiron Mihăiţă 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the contemporary period, the most important element in sustaining and developing the society, under all its aspects, is represented by energy. Due to the fact that in society consumption is increasing, the actual preoccupation is to reduce the energy consumption and also to find clean, alternative sources to produce energy. The theme of this article is directed towards the concepts of increased availability and energetic independency and concerns estimations over the wind potential in certain areas of Central Moldavian Plateau. For this purpose there were analyzed genetic factors of the wind in the analyzed area and those parameters of wind speed, useful to the justification of the wind potential study. The obtained results confirm the fact that in Central Moldavian Plateau, in many areas, especially those of high altitude, are favorable conditions to use wind energy. Along with the remoteness from the Eastern Carpathians and the proximity of the Black Sea, the conditions become more and more favorable. Unfortunately, the lack of meteorological stations on the top of hills (besides the Barnova station, situated in the woods). Increased wind speed in the meaning of what was stated, was approved only on high valleys and upper terraces in the main valleys, especially on the Prut.
Frequency of Thermal Inversions Between Siret and Prut Rivers in 2013
Authors: Ichim Pavel , Apostol Liviu , Sfîcă Lucian , Kadhim-Abid Adriana-Lucia , Istrate Vasilică 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Temperature inversions represent complex phenomena, specific for depression forms of relief which introduce changes in vertical zoning (Apăvăloae, Apostle, Pîrvulescu, 1986 by stable air stratification (Erhan, 1981), because of their morphological features, this is due to the interdependence of general movement and characteristics of the active surface, being the cause of their production (Apăvăloae, et. al., 1984, 1986, 1987). The generation of thermal inversions, their intensity and frequency is a consequence of altitude topography, morphology, fragmentation, orientation and degree of closure to external drives. (Apăvăloae, Apostle, Pîrvulescu, 1988). Thermal inversions represent complex phenomena, specific to depression landforms that introduce changes within the vertical zoning (Apăvăloae, Apostol, Pîrvulescu, 1986) by stable air stratification (Matveev, 1958, Erhan, 1981, Yinghui Liu, 2002) where vertical thermal gradient is negative (Matveev, 1958), due to their morphological features, also as a consequence of the interdependance of general circulation and characteristics of the active surface, the cause of their generation (Apăvăloae, et. al., 1984, 1986, 1987).
Influence of Plum Rootstocks on the Content of Reducing Sugars in the Annual Shoots of Cultivar ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’
Authors: Dēķena Dzintra , Jänes Heljo , Alsiņa Ina 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The lack of suitable plum rootstocks for Baltic conditions has become a problem during recent years due to changing climatic conditions. Rapid temperature fluctuations between freezing and thawing are occurring more frequently. The winter-hardiness of rootstocks is essential for overwintering of trees in such conditions. The content of accumulated reducing sugars is an important physiological factor influencing wintering ability of trees. The dynamics of reducing sugars was investigated during two winter seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) in one-year-old ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ (Prunus x rossica Erem.) hybrid plum shoots from two orchards planted in 2001 at Pūre Horticultural Research Centre (Latvia) and Polli Horticultural Research Centre (Estonia). Cultivar ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ was grafted on eight clonal rootstocks: ‘St. Julien A’, ‘Brompton’ cuttings, ‘Ackermann’, ‘Pixy’, GF8/1, G5/22, GF655/2, ‘Hamyra’ and eight seedling rootstocks: ‘St. Julien INRA 2’, ‘St. Julien d’Orleans’, ‘St. Julien Noir’, ‘Brompton’ seedlings, ‘Wangenheims Zwetsche’, ‘St. Julien Wädenswill’, ‘Myrobаlan’ and Prunus cerasifera var. divaricata. Trees were planted at 5×3 m spacing in four replications per rootstock with three trees per plot. Shoot samples were harvested five times during the winter period. The concentration of reducing sugars (mg g-1 dry weight) was determined with Bertran’s method. Significant differences in concentration of reducing sugar were found between samples coming from different locations and in two seasons. The maximum concentration of reducing sugar was found in December or January depending on growing location and meteorological conditions
The Cost-estimation of Mechanical Pre-treatment Lines of Municipal Solid Waste in Latvia
Authors: Āriņa Dace , Kļavenieks Kaspars , Burlakovs Juris 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Production of refuse derived fuel from municipal solid waste in future shall play a strategic role in an integrated waste management system. The amount of landfilled biodegradable materials thus will be diminished according to provisions of the 1999 Waste Landfill Directive. The aim of this article is to evaluate cost effectiveness based on cost evaluation of the different complication of the waste pre-treatment equipment complectation and based on regenerable waste quantities in Latvia. The comparison of cost estimates is done in 3 scenarios considering potential waste quantities in Latvia: Scenario I - planned annual waste quantity is 20 kT; Scenario II - 40 kT and Scenario III - 160 kT. An increase in amount of waste and processing capacity means the decrease in costs of mechanical pre-treatment of 1 ton of waste. Thus, costs of mechanical sorting line under different scenarios with capacities of 10 t h-1, 20 t h-1 and 80 t h-1 are EUR 32 per t, EUR 24 per t and EUR 15 per t, respectively. Most feasible cost for a set of mechanical pre-treatment equipment for the capacity of 10 t h-1 is EUR 32 per t by using rotating drum screener with the following manual sorting. Mechanical pre-treatment equipment of unsorted municipal waste is economically nonbeneficial, when the use of fine (biologically degradable) fraction is not possible. As the sorting of biodegradable kitchen waste is not developed under the current waste management system in Latvia, the lines for mechanical pre-treatment of household waste would be better to install in landfills.
Crude Protein and Non-protein Nitrogen Content in Dairy Cow Milk
Authors: Ruska Diana , Jonkus Daina 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Milk composition is of prime economic importance for farmers. Milk total proteins are composed of casein, whey proteins and non-protein nitrogen. The objective of this work was to establish milk crude protein, non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and urea content in dairy cow milk produced in different farms in Latvia. Cow milk samples (n=30) were collected in September 2012 from four different farms breeding diverse cow breeds. Average crude protein, casein and urea content in milk varied significantly among farms. NPN content in cow milk varies among farms - from 0.194% to 0.232%. Average crude protein and casein content was significantly higher (p<0.05) for Latvia Brown breed cows, while NPN content did not differ significantly among breeds. Regression between NPN and urea content in milk was R² = 0.458. Correlation between NPN and urea content was significant (r = 0.677). This study allowed establishing that crude protein and NPN content in milk varied significantly (p<0.05) in farms with differing dairy cow housing and feeding technologies
Relationship Between Eyespot Severity and Productivity of Winter Wheat in Lithuania
Authors: Ramanauskienė Jūratė , Gaurilčikienė Irena , Česnulevičienė Rūta 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Cereal yield loss from eyespot directly depends on the severity of the disease. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between eyespot damage in winter wheat and components of yield of winter wheat cultivars Ada, Mulan and Tukan in Lithuania in the 2011/2012 cropping season. Several eyespot did not decrease the grain number per ear cv. of Tukan while for cvs. Ada and Mulan the decrease was 14 and 15%, respectively; however, the grain number per ear of moderately eyespot-affected stems of cv. Ada did not differ from that of visually healthy stems. For cv. Ada, the grain weight per ear of moderately affected stems was 5.8% less and that of severely affected stems was 12.8% less than that of healthy stems, while for cv. Mulan the decrease in grain weight per ear was 40.3 and 35.5%, respectively and for cv. Tukan it was 59.0 and 63.2%, respectively for moderately and severely affected stems. The decrease in thousand grain weight of moderately eyespot-affected stems of cv. Ada was less (6.5%) compared with that of cv. Mulan (31.3%) and cv. Tukan (55.8%). Thousand grain weight of severely eyespot-affected stems of cvs. Ada, Mulan and Tukan was 22.2, 26.0, and 65.0%, respectively, less than that of healthy stems. Screening of healthy, moderately and severely affected plants of the winter wheat varieties Ada, Mulan and Tukan for grain number per ear, grain weight per ear and TGW revealed that these varieties differed in tolerance to eyespot
Changes in Fusarium Link Species Composition From Lithuanian Wheat Grain in Years 2005-2007 to 2011-2013
Authors: Sakalauskas Simonas , Stumbriene Karina , Suproniene Skaidre , Svegzda Povilas 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Changes in Fusarium species composition from naturally contaminated spring and winter wheat grain from the years 2005-2007 to 2011-2013 are presented. In general, Fusarium infection spring wheat grain was much more frequent than in winter wheat. In 2005-2007 F. avenaceum was dominant in both crops, with F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. culmorum isolated at lower levels, and F. graminearum, F. tricinctum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum were occasionally found on both spring ant winter wheat. In 2011-2013, F. avenaceum lost its dominating status among Fusarium isolates in both crops, but the species composition of most frequently isolated fusaria in spring and winter wheat was quite different: F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. culmorum and F. avenaceum constituted the major part of fusaria isolated from spring wheat grain, while in winter wheat F. poae, F. sportotrichooides and the declining F. avenaceum were dominant.
Assessment of Genes R1 and R3 Conferring Resistance to Late Blight and of Gene R Ysto Conferring Resistance to Potato Virus Y in Two Wild Species Accessions and their Hybrid Progenies/ Izturîbas Pret Lakstu Puvi Gçnu R1 Un R3 Un Izturîbas Pret Kartupeïu Vîrusu Y Gçna Rysto Novçrtçjums Divu Savvaïas Sugu Lînijâs Un To Hibrîdos
Authors: Zoteyeva Nadezhda , Meþaka Ieva , Vilcâne Daiga , Carlson-Nilsson Ulrika , Skrabule Ilze , Rostoks Nils 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans Mont. (de Bary), which causes potato late blight, and Potato Virus Y (PVY) are economically important potato pathogens. More virulent P. infestans strains have evolved and are able to overcome resistance genes introgressed earlier to cultivated potato from wild Solanum species, especially from S. demissim Lindl. Potato cultivars resistant to the previously common type of PVYN may be susceptible to the more virulent isolates of PVY. In previous research, S. guerreroense Corr. (grr) and S. neoantipoviczii Buk. (nan) accessions were rated as resistant to P. infestans and to two (grr) and three (nan) strains of PVY. These parental accessions and their respective hybrid offspring were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect alleles conferring resistance to P. infestans (R1 and R3) and to PVY (Rysto). Screenings were made in detached leaflet tests (P. infestans), and with the aid of ELISA tests (PVY). The resistance of two hybrids derived from grr was rated as high, mostly due to a hypersensitivity reaction. The allele R3 was detected in only one grr plant among 20 plant populations for each grr and nan accession. R1 and R3 alleles were more frequently detected in one hybrid of grr (grr × B.d.R5.). The resistance allele Rysto was found in nan and provided host plant resistance to three strains of PVY, including PVYNTN. Hybrids derived from this accession were characterised by a high frequency of plants bearing the resistant allele Rysto. In the parental clone tbr × phu, as well as in grr and its hybrids, only the susceptible allele at Rysto locus was detected.
Anther Culture Effectiveness in Producing Doubled Haploids of Cereals/ Putekðòu Kultûras Efektivitâte Graudaugu Dubultoto Haploîdu Izveidoðanâ
Authors: Grauda Dace , Miķelsone Andra , Ļisina Nadežda , Žagata Kârlis , Ornicāns Reinis , Fokina Oksana , Lapiņa Lita , Rashal Isaak 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Our goal was to improve the method of obtaining double haploids (DH) by anther culture from Latvian breeding material for several agriculturally important cereals in Latvia: barley, spring and winter wheat. Hybrids from Latvian breeders were initial material. It was found that copper (2.5 mg/l) added to barley anther pre-treatment media and to both barley (C3) and wheat (liquid AMC) induction media, resulted in a higher percentage of green plants-regenerants. In general, the winter wheat hybrids exhibited lower embryogenesis than spring wheat hybrids. Obtaining a large number of DH lines from barley and wheat hybrids with unknown androgenesis response can be organized in two stages: first - selection from breeding initial material hybrids responsive in anther culture, which enables production of green plants-regenerants, and second - production of DH lines in a large scale from selected hybrids.
Effect of Genotype and Farming System on Concentration of Mineral Elements in Organically and Conventionally Grown Cereals/ Genotipa Un Saimniekoðanas Sistçmas Ietekme Uz Minerâlvielu Saturu Bioloìiski Un Konvencionâli Audzçtos Graudaugos
Authors: Legzdiņa Linda , Strazdiņa Vija , Beinaroviča Indra , Muceniece Ruta 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
About half of the human population suffers from deficiency of mineral elements, mostly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The purpose of the research was to compare the concentration of Fe and Zn in grain of 19 spring barley (in Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes and the concentration of Zn and manganese (Mn) in grain of 19 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in organic and conventional management systems during two growing seasons. The average concentration of Fe in barley ranged from 32.51-86.85 mg·kg-1 and was higher under conventional management (p < 0.001); the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.014). The average concentration of Zn in barley ranged 16.79-48.51 mg·kg-1 and was significantly higher under the organic system (p < 0.001); in wheat it was 21.52-29.89 mg·kg-1 with no difference between the management systems; the effect of genotype was significant (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001 for barley and wheat, respectively). The average concentration of Mn in wheat ranged from 24.63-36.07 mg·kg-1 and was higher under the conventional system (p < 0.001); significant differences between genotypes were observed (p < 0.001). Barley and wheat genotypes with higher concentrations of the investigated elements were identified for use in breeding for improvement of grain quality. Zn concentration correlated negatively with grain yield and positively with grain protein concentration.
Effects of Enzymatic Biofertiliser on Growth and Yield of Lentil Genotypes under Deficit Irrigation/ Enzimatisko Biomçslojumu Ietekme Uz Daþâdu Lçcu Genotipu Augðanu Un Raþu Irigâcijas Trûkuma Apstâkïos
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Mostafavi Hamid , Sabaghnia Naser 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) is one of the important pulse crops in semiarid agro-ecological zones with a Mediterranean-type climate. Terminal drought stress and poor plant nutrition are important factors limiting crop under these regions. The effects of enzymatic biofertiliser (MOG) application at sowing time or during reproductive stage on some morphological traits and yield components of eight lentil lines were evaluated under deficit-irrigation conditions at Maragheh (37°23' N; 46°16' E) in northwestern Iran. Results revealed that application of biofertiliser did not significantly affect most of the morphological traits. However, foliar application of MOG during early flowering stage somewhat increased 100-grain weight and grain yield and decreased the number of empty pod per plant. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant diversity between lentil lines for the investigated traits. The best performance for grain yield was recorded for FLIP 86-35L. The overall lack of considerable response of lentil to the MOG treatments may suggest that the optimal efficiency of biofertiliser cannot be achieved under water scarcity conditions. Improvement in the adaptation of enzymatic fertilisers to semi arid regions with terminal drought stress requires to be increased.
Potential Effect of Two Different Anaesthesia Techniques on the Activation of Hhv-6 and Hhv-7 Infection in Relation to Changes in Total Lymphocyte Count and Peripheral Immune Cell Distribution after Prolonged Microvascular Free Flap Surgery / Divu Atšķirîgu Anestēzijas Metožu Ietekme Uz Hhv-6 Un Hhv-7 Infekcijas Aktivāciju Saistībā Ar Limfocītu Skaitu Izmaiņām Un Perifēro Imūno Šūnu Sadali Pēc Ilgstošām Mikrovaskulārām Brīvo Lēveru Operācijām
Authors: Vilks Arnis , Rasa Santa , Doniņa Simona , Murovska Modra , Mamaja Biruta 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Microvascular free flap surgery is a complex method of wound closure for large wounds. Tissue trauma, surgical stress and general anaesthesia are known immunosuppressors that may exacerbate postoperative infections. Beta-herpesviruses HHV-6 and HHV-7 are immunomodulating viruses highly prevalent in the population of healthy individuals, which can interfere with the function of the host immune system. These viruses can be reactivated in immunosuppressed conditions. The aim of this study was to monitor the potential effects of two different anaesthesia techniques - general anaesthesia (GA) and regional anaesthesia (RA) - on the activation of HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection in relation to changes in the total lymphocyte count and peripheral immune cell distribution after microvascular free flap surgery. We found significant increase in the frequency of active HHV-7 infection after surgery (p < 0.05) in the GA group. In the RA group changes were not significant. The activation of HHV-7 infection was associated with decrease in the total lymphocyte count post-operatively in patients from the GA group. The data of our study show that reconstructive flap surgery under GA is linked with more frequent postoperative lymphopenia, which is a potential post-operative immunosuppressor that probably triggers the activation of HHV-6 and HHV-7 infection
Arterial Stiffness Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Early Sepsis / Artēriju Cietība Un Pulsa Viļņa Izplatīšanās Ātrums Pacientiem Ar Agrīnu Sepsi
Authors: Kazūne Sigita , Grabovskis Andris , Strīķe Eva , Vanags Indulis 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Sepsis is characterised by massive inflammatory response, which can affect vascular function. This study was designed to assess the impact of early severe sepsis and septic shock on arterial stiffness and the relationship of this impact to outcome. Twelve patients with severe sepsis and 22 with septic shock were included in the study. We measured carotid to femoral and carotid to radial pulse wave velocity (PWV), an index of aortic and brachial arterial stiffness, in patients with early severe sepsis and septic shock within 24 hours of admission to intensive care unit and repeatedly after 48 hours. No difference was observed between patients with severe sepsis and septic shock regarding carotid to femoral PWV (11.7 ± 2.2 vs. 11.3 ± 3.6 m/s) and carotid to radial PWV (12.0 ± 3.8 vs. 9.5 ± 2.2 m/s). On 48 hour follow-up, PWV did not significantly differ between survivors and non-survivors. A positive, similar correlation occurred between PWV and pulse pressure in all patients (r = 0.35, p = 0.05), and there was a negative correlation between PWV and C-reactive protein levels (r = -0.43, p = 0.04). In conclusion, PWV is not affected by disease severity or prognosis.