bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Directed Versions of the Hajnal–Szemerédi Theorem
Authors: TREGLOWN ANDREW 
Published: February 2015

We say that a (di)graph G has a perfect H-packing if there exists a set of vertex-disjoint copies of H which cover all the vertices in G. The seminal Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem characterizes the minimum degree that ensures a graph G contains a perfect Kr-packing. In this paper we prove the following analogue for directed graphs: Suppose that T is a tournament on r vertices and G is a digraph of sufficiently large order n where r divides n. If G has minimum in- and outdegree at least (1−1/r)n then G contains a perfect T-packing.In the case when T is a cyclic triangle, this result verifies a recent conjecture of Czygrinow, Kierstead and Molla [4] (for large digraphs). Furthermore, in the case when T is transitive we conjecture that it suffices for every vertex in G to have sufficiently large indegree or outdegree. We prove this conjecture for transitive triangles and asymptotically for all r ⩾ 3. Our approach makes use of a result of Keevash and Mycroft [10] concerning almost perfect matchings in hypergraphs as well as the Directed Graph Removal Lemma [1, 6].
Development Patterns of Executive Functions in Children
Authors: Juric Lorena Canet , Richards María M. , Introzzi Isabel , Andrés María Laura , Urquijo Sebastián 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExecutive Functions (EF) exercise control over an individual’s conduct and thinking through a set of functionally independent processes, among which are cognitive flexibility (reactive and spontaneous), working memory and planning. The development patterns of these components appear to have stages of acceleration and deceleration during childhood. Studies analyzing their development in Spanish-speaking children were not found in our area. Therefore, this study will analyze the development patterns of the cited executive functions with the objective of establishing relationships and comparisons, and identifying the stages of acceleration and stagnation for each component. The study’s sample consists of 274 schoolchildren between the ages of 6 and 8 (119 in first grade, 61 in second grade and 94 in third grade). Participants were evaluated using the following instruments from the Neuropsychological Assessment of Children test battery (known by the acronym ENI in Spanish): Verbal Fluency (semantic and phonemic); Cognitive Flexibility; Mexican Pyramid; and Backward Digit Span. Three different development patterns were detected, as well as different interactions between the executive components. Additionally, three empirical types were established based on the patterns and relationships between components.
Adiposity and blood pressure among 55 000 relatively lean rural adults in southwest of China
Authors: Chen X , Du H , Zhang J , Chen X , Luo G , Que X , Zhang N , Bian Z , Guo Y , Li L , Chen Z , Wu X 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Obesity is a strong determinant of blood pressure. Uncertainty remains, however, about which indices of adiposity most strongly predict blood pressure, particularly among those who were relatively lean, such as those from rural China. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 55 687 (38.3% men) participants aged 30–79 years who were enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank from a rural county in southwest of China during 2004–2008. Measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were related to blood pressure in multivariable linear regression analyses. The overall mean values of BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 23.3 kg m−2, 78.0 cm, 129.2 mm Hg and 77.2 mm Hg, respectively. There was a strongly positive, and apparently linear, relationship of BMI and WC with blood pressure, with 1 s.d. higher BMI associated with 4.3/2.3 mm Hg higher SBP/DBP and 1 s.d. WC associated with 3.8/2.1 mm Hg (P<0.0001). Additional adjustment for WC only slightly attenuated the association of BMI with blood pressure, whereas additional adjustment for BMI almost completely eliminated the association of WC with blood pressure. Our findings suggest that in relatively lean Chinese adults, general adiposity is more strongly assciated with blood pressure than central adiposity.
Dense genotyping of immune-related susceptibility loci reveals new insights into the genetics of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Bowes John , Budu-Aggrey Ashley , Huffmeier Ulrike , Uebe Steffen , Steel Kathryn , Hebert Harry L. , Wallace Chris , Massey Jonathan , Bruce Ian N. , Bluett James , Feletar Marie , Morgan Ann W. , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Donohoe Gary , Morris Derek W. , Helliwell Philip , Ryan Anthony W. , Kane David , Warren Richard B. , Korendowych Eleanor , Alenius Gerd-Marie , Giardina Emiliano , Packham Jonathan , McManus Ross , FitzGerald Oliver , McHugh Neil , Brown Matthew A. , Ho Pauline , Behrens Frank , Burkhardt Harald , Reis Andre , Barton Anne 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis and, despite the larger estimated heritability for PsA, the majority of genetic susceptibility loci identified to date are shared with psoriasis. Here, we present results from a case–control association study on 1,962 PsA patients and 8,923 controls using the Immunochip genotyping array. We identify eight loci passing genome-wide significance, secondary independent effects at three loci and a distinct PsA-specific variant at the IL23R locus. We report two novel loci and evidence of a novel PsA-specific association at chromosome 5q31. Imputation of classical HLA alleles, amino acids and SNPs across the MHC region highlights three independent associations to class I genes. Finally, we find an enrichment of associated variants to markers of open chromatin in CD8+ memory primary T cells. This study identifies key insights into the genetics of PsA that could begin to explain fundamental differences between psoriasis and PsA.
Observation of directly interacting coherent two-level systems in an amorphous material
Authors: Lisenfeld Jürgen , Grabovskij Grigorij J. , Müller Clemens , Cole Jared H. , Weiss Georg , Ustinov Alexey V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractParasitic two-level tunnelling systems originating from structural material defects affect the functionality of various microfabricated devices by acting as a source of noise. In particular, superconducting quantum bits may be sensitive to even single defects when these reside in the tunnel barrier of the qubit’s Josephson junctions, and this can be exploited to observe and manipulate the quantum states of individual tunnelling systems. Here, we detect and fully characterize a system of two strongly interacting defects using a novel technique for high-resolution spectroscopy. Mutual defect coupling has been conjectured to explain various anomalies of glasses, and was recently suggested as the origin of low-frequency noise in superconducting devices. Our study provides conclusive evidence of defect interactions with full access to the individual constituents, demonstrating the potential of superconducting qubits for studying material defects. All our observations are consistent with the assumption that defects are generated by atomic tunnelling.
Efficient generation of gene-modified pigs via injection of zygote with Cas9/sgRNA
Authors: Wang Yong , Du Yinan , Shen Bin , Zhou Xiaoyang , Li Jian , Liu Yu , Wang Jianying , Zhou Jiankui , Hu Bian , Kang Nannan , Gao Jimin , Yu Liqing , Huang Xingxu , Wei Hong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCo-injection of zygotes with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA has been proven to be an efficient gene-editing strategy for genome modification of different species. Genetic engineering in pigs holds a great promise in biomedical research. By co-injection of one-cell stage embryos with Cas9 mRNA and Npc1l1 sgRNA, we achieved precise Npc1l1 targeting in Chinese Bama miniature pigs at the efficiency as high as 100%. Meanwhile, we carefully analyzed the Npc1l1 sgRNA:Cas9-mediated on- and off-target mutations in various somatic tissues and ovaries and demonstrated that injection of zygotes with Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA is an efficient and reliable approach for generation of gene-modified pigs.
De novo assembly, transcriptome characterization, lignin accumulation and anatomic characteristics: novel insights into lignin biosynthesis during celery leaf development
Authors: Jia Xiao-Ling , Wang Guang-Long , Xiong Fei , Yu Xu-Run , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Wang Feng , Xiong Ai-Sheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCelery of the family Apiaceae is a biennial herb that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Lignin is essential for cell wall structural integrity, stem strength, water transport, mechanical support and plant pathogen defense. This study discussed the mechanism of lignin formation at different stages of celery development. The transcriptome profile, lignin distribution, anatomical characteristics and expression profile of leaves at three stages were analyzed. Regulating lignin synthesis in celery growth development has a significant economic value. Celery leaves at three stages were collected and Illumina paired-end sequencing technology was used to analyze large-scale transcriptome sequences. From Stage 1 to 3, the collenchyma and vascular bundles in the petioles and leaf blades thickened and expanded, whereas the phloem and the xylem extensively developed. Spongy and palisade mesophyll tissues further developed and were tightly arranged. Lignin accumulation increased in the petioles and the mesophyll (palisade and spongy) and the xylem showed strong lignification. Lignin accumulation in different tissues and at different stages of celery development coincides with the anatomic characteristics and transcript levels of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Identifying the genes that encode lignin biosynthesis-related enzymes accompanied by lignin distribution may help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of lignin biosynthesis in celery.
Seismologically determined bedload flux during the typhoon season
Authors: Chao Wei-An , Wu Yih-Min , Zhao Li , Tsai Victor C. , Chen Chi-Hsuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContinuous seismic records near river channels can be used to quantify the energy induced by river sediment transport. During the 2011 typhoon season, we deployed a seismic array along the Chishan River in the mountain area of southern Taiwan, where there is strong variability in water discharge and high sedimentation rates. We observe hysteresis in the high-frequency (5–15 Hz) seismic noise level relative to the associated hydrological parameters. In addition, our seismic noise analysis reveals an asymmetry and a high coherence in noise cross-correlation functions for several station pairs during the typhoon passage, which corresponds to sediment particles and turbulent flows impacting along the riverbed where the river bends sharply. Based on spectral characteristics of the seismic records, we also detected 20 landslide/debris flow events, which we use to estimate the sediment supply. Comparison of sediment flux between seismologically determined bedload and derived suspended load indicates temporal changes in the sediment flux ratio, which imply a complex transition process from the bedload regime to the suspension regime between typhoon passage and off-typhoon periods. Our study demonstrates the possibility of seismologically monitoring river bedload transport, thus providing valuable additional information for studying fluvial bedrock erosion and mountain landscape evolution.
Ultrasensitive optical absorption in graphene based on bound states in the continuum
Authors: Zhang Mingda , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe have designed a sphere-graphene-slab structure so that the electromagnetic wave can be well confined in the graphene due to the formation of a bound state in a continuum (BIC) of radiation modes. Based on such a bound state, we have realized strong optical absorption in the monolayer graphene. Such a strong optical absorption exhibits many advantages. It is ultrasensitive to the wavelength because the Q factor of the absorption peak can be more than 2000. By taking suitable BICs, the selective absorption for S and P waves has not only been realized, but also all-angle absorption for the S and P waves at the same time has been demonstrated. We have also found that ultrasensitive strong absorptions can appear at any wavelength from mid-infrared to far-infrared band. These phenomena are very beneficial to biosensing, perfect filters and waveguides.
Differential expression of microRNAs in preneoplastic gastric mucosa
Authors: Link Alexander , Schirrmeister Wiebke , Langner Cosima , Varbanova Mariya , Bornschein Jan , Wex Thomas , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGastric carcinogenesis is a multifactorial H.pylori-triggered dynamic process that goes through a cascade of preneoplastic conditions. The expression of miRNAs in the stomach with regard to preneoplastic precursor conditions and H.pylori infection has not been investigated systematically. In this prospective proof-of-principle study, we evaluated the miRNA expression in gastric antrum and corpus mucosa from patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG), atrophic gastritis (AG) and GC compared to controls. Gastric normal mucosa shows a unique expression pattern for miR-21, miR-155 and miR-223, which is specific for different regions. In correlation with progression of Correa's cascade and H.pylori infection, we observed a gradual increase in miR-155 and miR-223 both in corpus and antrum and miR-21 only in the antrum mucosa. Using miRNA expression we calculated a score that allowed us to discriminate patients with AG from subjects with normal mucosa with high diagnostic accuracy in testing and validation cohorts reproducibly. In summary, the expression pattern of miRNAs in the gastric mucosa is gradually increased with progression of Correa's cascade and H.pylori infection, suggesting miRNAs as potential biomarkers for preneoplastic precursor conditions. However, differences of miRNA expression between the gastric antrum and the corpus need to be considered in future studies.
Functional Connectivity in Patients With Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Resting-State MRI
Authors: Liu Bin , Feng Yuan , Yang Ming , Chen Jing-ya , Li Jing , Huang Zhi-chun , Zhang Ling-ling 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This study was undertaken to evaluate whole-brain functional connectivity changes related to auditory cortex in patients with left-sided sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging.

Method
Imaging was performed in 19 patients with left-sided SNHL and 35 individuals in the control group without SNHL. Data were collected and analyzed to map functional connectivity using the left/right primary auditory cortex as the region of interest to identify global differences between patients with SNHL and the control group.

Results
In comparison to the control group, the SNHL group was found to have significant functional connectivity changes in the auditory system, recognition network, visual cortex, and language network.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that functional brain alterations in unilateral SNHL patients may indicate reorganizations that occur in response to auditory deficits.
Measuring the Advantage of Kalman-Weighted Averaging for Auditory Brainstem Response Hearing Evaluation in Infants
Authors: Cone Barbara , Norrix Linda W. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
The purposes of this study were to (a) measure the effects of Kalman-weighted averaging methods on auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, latency, and amplitude; (b) translate lab findings to the clinical setting; and (c) estimate cost savings when ABRs can be obtained in nonsedated infants.

Method
ABRs were recorded in 40 adults with normal hearing during induced motor noise conditions using the Kalman-weighted averaging method implemented on a commercial system, the Vivosonic Integrity (Vivosonic Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The device was then used to test 34 infants in awake and asleep states. The advantages of the Kalman-weighted averaging method were modeled in terms of time saved for conducting an ABR evaluation.

Results
Kalman-weighted ABR threshold estimates were 6–7 dB lower than with conventional methods during induced motor noise. When used to obtain ABRs in infants who were awake, the number of sweeps required to obtain a result was significantly greater than that required for a sleeping infant but well within the range for clinical application.

Conclusions
The use of Kalman-weighted averaging provides a measurable advantage over conventional methods and may reduce costs for the pediatric audiology practice.
Comparison of Performance of Older Adults on Two Tests of Temporal Resolution
Authors: Vaidyanath Ramya , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: February 2015

PurposeGap-detection thresholds have been reported to vary depending on the type of stimuli used. The current study compared the performance of older adults on 2 tests of temporal resolution, one with random gaps and the other with gaps in the center of a noise signal. The study also determined which of the 2 tests was able to detect more temporal resolution deficits in older individuals.MethodTwo tests of temporal resolution, the Gap Detection Test (GDT; Shivaprakash, 2003) and the Gaps-In-Noise test (GIN; Musiek et al., 2005), were administered to 31 older adults with near normal hearing, aged 55 to 70 years. The order in which the tests were administered was randomized.ResultsThe gap-detection thresholds obtained using GIN were significantly higher than those obtained using GDT. The difference in thresholds was ascribed to the randomness with which gaps were interspersed within noise segments in the 2 tests. More individuals failed on GIN than GDT. The older adults with high-frequency hearing loss obtained poorer gap thresholds than those with normal hearing.ConclusionThe results indicated that older individuals failed GIN more often compared to GDT. This was attributed to the differences in stimuli and procedure used in the 2 tests.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Populations
Authors: Hancock Adrienne , Haskin Gregory 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
The cultures and service needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) minority groups are relevant to speech-language pathologists (SLPs). In particular, transgender individuals seeking communication services from SLPs in order to improve quality of life require culturally and clinically competent clinicians. Knowledge and attitudes regarding a population are foundational stages toward cultural competency (Turner, Wilson, & Shirah, 2006). The purpose of this research is to assess LGBTQ knowledge and attitudes among aspiring and practicing SLPs.

Method
An online survey was completed by 279 SLPs from 4 countries.

Results
Mean accuracy scores on LGBTQ culture questions were near 50%. Self-ratings indicated more comfort than knowledge, with generally positive feelings toward LGBTQ subgroups. Transgender communication is within SLPs' scope of practice, yet 47% indicated such services were not addressed in their master's curriculum, and 51% did not know how to describe transgender communication therapy. When respondents were asked to indicate priority of 10 LGBTQ topics for a continuing education seminar, communication masculinization/feminization best practice and case examples had the highest mean priority scores.

Conclusion
There is a need to promote LGBTQ cultural competence within speech-language pathology. This study provides direction for improving LGBTQ cultural competence among SLPs.
The Efficacy of Recasts in Language Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cleave Patricia L. , Becker Stephanie D. , Curran Maura K. , Van Horne Amanda J. Owen , Fey Marc E. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
This systematic review and meta-analysis critically evaluated the research evidence on the effectiveness of conversational recasts in grammatical development for children with language impairments.

Method
Two different but complementary reviews were conducted and then integrated. Systematic searches of the literature resulted in 35 articles for the systematic review. Studies that employed a wide variety of study designs were involved, but all examined interventions where recasts were the key component. The meta-analysis only included studies that allowed the calculation of effect sizes, but it did include package interventions in which recasts were a major part. Fourteen studies were included, 7 of which were also in the systematic review. Studies were grouped according to research phase and were rated for quality.

Results
Study quality and thus strength of evidence varied substantially. Nevertheless, across all phases, the vast majority of studies provided support for the use of recasts. Meta-analyses found average effect sizes of .96 for proximal measures and .76 for distal measures, reflecting a positive benefit of about 0.75 to 1.00 standard deviation.

Conclusion
The available evidence is limited, but it is supportive of the use of recasts in grammatical intervention. Critical features of recasts in grammatical interventions are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170231
Eight‐element UWB‐MIMO array with three distinct isolation mechanisms
Authors: Saleem R. , Bilal M. , Bajwa K.B. , Shafique M.F. 
Published: February 2015

An eight‐element multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna array for ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication is reported. The proposed array contains eight antenna elements having annular ring slots in the middle of each element and tapered feed lines for impedance matching. The defected ground planes are introduced on the back of these antenna elements. Moreover, closed‐loop frequency selective surfaces are introduced to achieve enhanced isolation between antenna pairs. A quad‐strip connected circular arc decoupling structure is also used to enhance the isolation among particular antenna elements. These decoupling structures provide isolation of 20 dB over most of the desired UWB spectrum. The proposed UWB‐MIMO array has dimensions of 60 × 93 mm2. The proposed design is suitable for integration with system‐in‐package applications and provides ease of connectivity on all four sides.
Fragment‐type UHF RFID tag embedded in QR barcode label
Authors: Han Jiangxiao , Wang Gang , Sidén Johan 
Published: February 2015

The fragment‐type appearance of two‐dimensional barcodes provides the hint of embedding a fragment‐type ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) tag into the barcode. In this reported work, genetic algorithm searching is used to select which modules in a quick response (QR) barcode should be metalised and connected to form the RFID tag antenna. The design is demonstrated by embedding a 915 MHz UHF RFID tag in a QR barcode label of dimensions 14.5 × 14.5 mm on a single‐sided PCB.