bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passing the baton: Mentoring for adoption of active‐learning pedagogies by research‐active junior faculty
Authors: Grimes Catherine Leimkuhler , White Harold B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere are barriers to adoption of research‐based teaching methods. Professional development workshops may inform faculty of these methods, but effective adoption often does not follow. In addition, newly‐minted research‐active faculty are often overwhelmed by the many new responsibilities (grant writing, group management, laboratory setup, teaching) that accompany the position and normally do not have the time to consider novel teaching approaches. This case study documents how over a three‐year period, the responsibility for teaching a nontraditional “Introduction to Biochemistry” course in a problem‐based learning format was successfully transferred from a senior faculty member nearing retirement (HBW) to a newly‐hired research‐active assistant professor (CLG). We describe our apprenticeship project involving modeling, scaffolding, fading, and coaching. We suggest that involving faculty in active‐learning pedagogy early in their career with mentoring by senior faculty overcomes barriers to adopting these methods. This case describes a specific example from which potentially useful elements can be adopted and adapted wherever biochemistry is taught. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(5):345–357, 2015.
Incorporating hardware and software features into a prediction model for processor‐system throughput
Authors: Beg Azam , Prasad PWC 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe cycle‐accurate simulation is a method for design space study of a processor system before it goes for the hardware implementation. Even though the simulations provide precise results about the system performance, the simulation times are exorbitantly high for practical systems. Therefore, an alternative is to use experimentally‐ developed models that tend to be faster than the aforementioned simulations. This is an extension to our previous work done in the area of neural network models for assessing the processor system throughput. In addition to hardware‐related parameters, the current work includes multiple software‐related parameters to better represent the dynamic behavior of programs. Consequently, the model provides higher accuracy estimates of a widely used performance metric (instructions per cycle) when tested with industry standard CPU benchmark programs. Potential uses of the model are compiler design and computer architecture research and teaching. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:169–179, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21681.
Investigation of a 6‐MSA Synthase Gene Cluster in Aspergillus aculeatus Reveals 6‐MSA‐derived Aculinic Acid, Aculins A–B and Epi‐Aculin A
Authors: Petersen Lene M. , Holm Dorte K. , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Mortensen Uffe H. , Larsen Thomas O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAspergillus aculeatus, a filamentous fungus belonging to the Aspergillus clade Nigri, is an industrial workhorse in enzyme production. Recently we reported a number of secondary metabolites from this fungus; however, its genetic potential for the production of secondary metabolites is vast. In this study we identified a 6‐methylsalicylic acid (6‐MSA) synthase from A. aculeatus, and verified its functionality by episomal expression in A. aculeatus and heterologous expression in A. nidulans. Feeding studies with fully 13C‐labeled 6‐MSA revealed that 6‐MSA is incorporated into aculinic acid, which further incorporates into three compounds that we name aculins A and B, and epi‐aculin A, described here for the first time. Based on NMR data and bioinformatic studies we propose the structures of the compounds as well as a biosynthetic pathway leading to formation of aculins from 6‐MSA.
Highly Asymmetric Cyclopropanation With Two Sulfinyl Auxiliaries as a Way to a Useful Synthetic Intermediate
Authors: Midura Wanda H. , Krysiak Jerzy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric cyclopropanation using double sulfinyl auxiliary gave bis‐sulfoxide with full diastereoselectivity and very high enantioselectivity. One of the sulfinyl substituents can be removed by sulfinyl metal exchange. Differentiation of sulfinyl substituents made it possible to assign the place of attack of the Grignard reagent. Chirality 27:816–819, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recycling von nickelhaltigen Katalysatoren
Authors: Ehrig Jan , Stelter Michael , Scheel Michael , Morgenstern Gunter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractVerbrauchte nickelhaltige Nichtedelmetallkatalysatoren aus der chemischen Industrie, der Erdölraffination, der Lebensmittel‐ und Pharmaindustrie sind potenzielle Sekundärrohstoffe für das Recycling von Nickel. Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeit wurde ein Badschmelzverfahren für nickelhaltige Katalysatoren entwickelt, die organische Reste der Fetthärtung sowie Erdölraffination enthalten. Bei diesem Verfahren wird Nickelstein gebildet und weitere Wertmetalle wie Molybdän und Wolfram werden in eine verwertbare Schlacke überführt. Der Energiegehalt der organischen Verbindungen wird für den Schmelzprozess genutzt. Damit wird eine erhebliche Energieeinsparung und Verringerung von CO2‐Emissionen erreicht.
Young investigator challenge: The accuracy of the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio estimation among trained morphologists
Authors: Vaickus Louis J. , Tambouret Rosemary H. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDThe estimation of the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio (N:C ratio) is an important factor in diagnosing atypia and malignancy in pathological specimens, particularly in cytology. Many algorithms for determining malignant potential make reference to specific, decimal N:C ratios without specifying how the ratio should be measured, with the implication that the observer is intended to estimate this ratio by eye. The authors wanted to determine how accurate trained morphologists (including attending pathologists, pathology residents, and cytotechnologists) are at estimating the N:C ratio without a measuring device.METHODSTwo surveys were prepared containing ideal and real cell images of various N:C ratios. Participants were instructed to select their best estimate from a list of decimal ratios. The data were tabulated and analyzed to determine how accurate the estimates were and whether there was any performance difference between ideal and real images.RESULTSThe absolute and percentage deviation from the actual N:C ratio decreased steadily with increasing N:C ratio. Aggregate performance was found to be closely correlated between real and ideal images, although interobserver variation was not significantly different among participants in the real images quiz, but was significantly different on the ideal images quiz.CONCLUSIONSTrained morphologists make relatively accurate estimations of the N:C ratio and become increasingly more accurate as the depicted N:C ratio increases. This suggests that including N:C ratio decimals as a criteria for the diagnosis of atypia is valid for high N:C ratios. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:524–530. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Fe‐, Co‐, and Ni‐Loaded Porous Activated Carbon Balls as Lightweight Microwave Absorbents
Authors: Li Guomin , Wang Liancheng , Li Wanxi , Xu Yao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPorous activated carbon ball (PACB) composites impregnated with iron, cobalt, nickel and/or their oxides were synthesized through a wet chemistry method involving PACBs as the carrier to load Fe3+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions and a subsequent carbothermal reduction at different annealing temperatures. The results show that the pyrolysis products of nitrates and/or the products from the carbothermal reduction are embedded in the pores of the PACBs, with different distributions, resulting in different crystalline phases. The as‐prepared PACB composites possessed high specific surface areas of 791.2–901.5 m2 g−1 and low densities of 1.1–1.3 g cm−3. Minimum reflection loss (RL) values of −50.1, −20.6, and −20.4 dB were achieved for Fe–PACB (annealed at 500 °C), Co–PACB (annealed at 800 °C), and Ni–PACB (annealed at 800 °C) composites, respectively. Moreover, the influence of the amount of the magnetic components in the PACB composites on the microwave‐absorbing performances was investigated, further confirming that the dielectric loss was the primary contributor to microwave absorption.
Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation: Learning From Methods in International Development
Authors: Fisher Susannah , Dinshaw Ayesha , McGray Heather , Rai Neha , Schaar Johan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article reviews evaluation methods used in the field of international development to draw lessons for the specific challenges of evaluating climate change adaptation. The three specific challenges identified in climate change and resilience monitoring and evaluation are: assessing attribution, creating baselines, and monitoring over long time horizons. This article highlights a range of methods that can be used in climate change adaptation and concludes that, although the methods are available, it is how they are applied that can help address these particular challenges. Methods used within an overarching conceptual framework that emphasizes mixed methods, participatory methodologies, and an iterative, learning focus can start to address the inherent challenges in evaluating responses to an uncertain future climate. This type of approach and application of a set of methods can also be useful in other areas of evaluation, where the outcomes are very long term and socioeconomic trends are extremely uncertain.
Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development in Isiolo County, Kenya
Authors: Karani Irene , Mayhew John , Anderson Simon 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article highlights the utility of Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) in Isiolo County, Kenya. TAMD is a new adaptation monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework that was tested in Kenya for the first time from April 2013 to March 2014. The article outlines the experiences of testing the feasibility of the framework and its use in assisting policy makers at sub‐national level in adaptation planning, monitoring, and evaluation. It draws out the experiences and lessons of using an ex ante approach in adaptation M&E in a situation where adaptation actions are in the planning phase, using a scorecard and theories of change to measure climate risk management processes, and potential adaptation/development benefits. It also highlights how climate change adaptation M&E approaches can be simplified in order to get buy‐in from sub‐national governments and communities so as to mainstream M&E in planning approaches for sustainability in developing countries.
The Effect of Clamping Pressure on Gas Diffusion Layer Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: El‐kharouf A. , Steinberger‐Wilckens R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractClamping pressure applied in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) assembly is known to have a significant effect on performance. Compression applied on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) deforms the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and causes a decrease in the GDL thickness, porosity and electrical resistance. These changes in the GDL properties have a significant influence on the MEA performance. In this study, three sets of GDL samples were tested in situ under varied clamping pressure levels to demonstrate the difference in the GDL behaviour with compression, and to optimize the MEA clamping pressure.The paper focuses on the change in the performance of MEAs with various types of GDLs, and relates the properties of the GDL to the behaviour of the MEA under compression. The study discusses the change in GDL compression behaviour with the change in the GDL thickness, density and structure.
Acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adduct levels and endometrial cancer risk: A nested case‐control study in nonsmoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort
Authors: Obón‐Santacana Mireia , Freisling Heinz , Peeters Petra H. , Lujan‐Barroso Leila , Ferrari Pietro , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Mesrine Sylvie , Baglietto Laura , Turzanski‐Fortner Renee , Katzke Verena A. , Boeing Heiner , Quirós J. Ramón , Molina‐Portillo Elena , Larrañaga Nerea , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Barricarte Aurelio , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Travis Ruth C. , Merritt Melissa A. , Gunter Marc J. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Naska Androniki , Palli Domenico , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Fiano Valentina , Galassom Rocco , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. B(as) , Onland‐Moret N. Charlotte , Idahl Annika , Lundin Eva , Weiderpass Elisabete , Vesper Hubert , Riboli Elio , Duell Eric J. 
Published: September 2015

Acrylamide, classified in 1994 by IARC as “probably carcinogenic to humans,” was discovered in 2002 in some heat‐treated, carbohydrate‐rich foods. Four prospective studies have evaluated the association between dietary acrylamide intake and endometrial cancer (EC) risk with inconsistent results. The purpose of this nested case‐control study, based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, was to evaluate, for the first time, the association between hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA) and the risk of developing EC in non‐smoking postmenopausal women. Hemoglobin adducts were measured in red blood cells by HPLC/MS/MS. Four exposure variables were evaluated: HbAA, HbGA, their sum (HbAA+HbGA), and their ratio (HbGA/HbAA). The association between hemoglobin adducts and EC was evaluated using unconditional multivariable logistic regression models, and included 383 EC cases (171 were type‐I EC), and 385 controls. Exposure variables were analyzed in quintiles based on control distributions. None of the biomarker variables had an effect on overall EC (HRHbAA;Q5vsQ1: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.49–1.48; HRHbGA;Q5vsQ1: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.54–1.63) or type‐I EC risk. Additionally, none of the subgroups investigated (BMI < 25 vs. ≥25 kg m−2, alcohol drinkers vs. never drinkers, oral contraceptive users vs. non‐users) demonstrated effect measure modification. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide or glycidamide were not associated with EC or type‐I EC risk in 768 nonsmoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort.
Cell‐Peptide Specific Interaction Can Inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Infection
Authors: Rodríguez Deisy Carolina , Ocampo Marisol , Reyes Cesar , Arévalo‐Pinzón Gabriela , Munoz Marina , Patarroyo Manuel Alfonso , Patarroyo Manuel Elkin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTStudying proteins from the M. tuberculosis H37Rv envelop is important for understanding host‐pathogen interaction regarding bacterial infection and survival within a host; such knowledge is indispensable regarding studies aimed at developing drugs or vaccines against tuberculosis, a disease which continues to cause more than one million deaths worldwide every year. The present work presents a study of the Rv3705c protein which has been described as being an outer protein. Several servers and bioinformatics' tools were used for predicting its location on mycobacterial surface and a 3D model of the protein was obtained which was then compared to experimental circular dichroism results for its peptides. PCR assays were used for corroborating rv3705c gene presence and transcription in a laboratory strain and immunoblotting and electron microscopy were used for confirming protein localisation on cell envelop. Receptor‐ligand assays revealed two peptides having high specific binding (HABPs); peptide 38485 (121DRAFHRVVDRTVGTSGQTTA140) bound to both cell lines used as infection target (U937 and A549 epithelial cell line‐derived macrophages) and 38488 (181RLRENVLLQAKVTQSGNAGP200) bound to U937 cells. It was found that peptide 38485 provided significant inhibition regarding mycobacterial entry to both cell lines in in vitro assays. These results led to proposing peptide 38485 as one of the epitopes to be used in future studies aimed at characterising the immune response of functionally important synthetic peptides which could be included in developing a synthetic anti‐tuberculosis vaccine. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 946–958, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of mental‐status scales for predicting mortality on the general wards
Authors: Zadravecz Frank J. , Tien Linda , Robertson‐Dick Brian J. , Yuen Trevor C. , Twu Nicole M. , Churpek Matthew M. , Edelson Dana P. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDAltered mental status is a significant predictor of mortality in inpatients. Several scales exist to characterize mental status, including the AVPU (Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive) scale, which is used in many early‐warning scores in the general‐ward setting. The use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) is not well established in this population.OBJECTIVETo compare the accuracies of AVPU, GCS, and RASS for predicting inpatient mortality.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGSingle, urban, academic medical center.PARTICIPANTSAdult inpatients on the general wards.MEASUREMENTSNurses recorded GCS and RASS on consecutive adult hospitalizations. AVPU was extracted from the eye subscale of the GCS. We compared the accuracies of each scale for predicting in‐hospital mortality within 24 hours of a mental‐status observation using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).RESULTSThere were 295,974 paired observations of GCS and RASS obtained from 26,873 admissions; 417 (1.6%) resulted in in‐hospital death. GCS and RASS more accurately predicted mortality than AVPU (AUC 0.80 and 0.82, respectively, vs 0.73; P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Simultaneous use of GCS and RASS produced an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.82‐0.87, P < 0.001 when compared to all 3 scales).CONCLUSIONSIn ward patients, both GCS and RASS were significantly more accurate predictors of mortality than AVPU. In addition, combining GCS and RASS was more accurate than any scale alone. Routine tracking of GCS and/or RASS on general wards may improve the accuracy of detecting clinical deterioration. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:658–663. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
‘Laba’ garlic processed by dense phase carbon dioxide: the relation between green colour generation and cellular structure, alliin consumption and alliinase activity
Authors: Tao Dandan , Zhou Bing , Zhang Luyao , Hu Xiaosong , Liao Xiaojun , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Laba’ garlic is usually processed by soaking garlic in vinegar for more than 1 week during winter. It is popular for its unique green colour and tasty flavour. Greening is desirable and required for this product as its characteristic. Dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) had a significant effect on the greening of intact garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves. The relation between green colour generation and alliin consumption, alliinase activity and the cellular structure of garlic, respectively, were investigated in this work. The effects of treatment time, pressure and temperature of DPCD were also analysed and discussed.RESULTSDPCD had a significant effect on the cellular structure of garlic cells. Garlic protoplast underwent greater morphological change after DPCD treatments at higher temperatures while the amount of precipitate increased with greater treatment time and temperature. Common trends on garlic greening and alliin consumption were observed except for DPCD treatment at 10 MPa and 65 °C. The alliinase activity decreased with increasing treatment time, pressure and temperature. It reached the lowest level at 13 MPa and 55 °C.CONCLUSIONThe formation of the green colour was a comprehensive result of DPCD on changing cellular structure, alliin consumption and alliinase activity. DPCD treatment at 10 MPa and 55 °C was the optimum condition for the greening of ‘Laba’ garlic. This work further facilitated the application of DPCD in the industrial production of ‘Laba’ garlic. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dielectric properties of liquid crystals for display and sensor applications
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Chausov Denis N. , Kurilov Alexander D. , Rybakov Dmitriy O. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Murauski Anatoli A. , Muravsky Alexander A. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Fan Fan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTemperature dependence of dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystals are investigated for two types of devices: wide temperature range liquid crystal (LC) displays and capacitor temperature sensor. Both real and imaginary components of the dielectric constant have been measured in wide frequency and temperature range including t < 0 °C as well as versus the angle θ between the directions of both magnetic and electric field in the measuring scheme. Some physical parameters of the nematic LC (NLC) dielectric relaxation have been determined. Effective values of the LC dielectric permittivity with different values of the LC pretilt angles in different parts of a complex LC cell have been simulated.
Comparison of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) Administered via a Mobile Device Relative to a Paper Form
Authors: Price Matthew , Kuhn Eric , Hoffman Julia E. , Ruzek Josef , Acierno Ron 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMobile devices are increasingly used to administer self‐report measures of mental health symptoms. There are significant differences, however, in the way that information is presented on mobile devices compared to the traditional paper forms that were used to administer such measures. Such differences may systematically alter responses. The present study evaluated if and how responses differed for a self‐report measure, the PTSD Checklist (PCL), administered via mobile device relative to paper and pencil. Participants were 153 trauma‐exposed individuals who completed counterbalanced administrations of the PCL on a mobile device and on paper. PCL total scores (d = 0.07) and item responses did not meaningfully or significantly differ across administrations. Power was sufficient to detect a difference in total score between administrations determined by prior work of 3.46 with a d = 0.23. The magnitude of differences between administration formats was unrelated to prior use of mobile devices or participant age. These findings suggest that responses to self‐report measures administered via mobile device are equivalent to those obtained via paper and they can be used with experienced as well as naïve users of mobile devices.
Enhanced Wettability Changes by Synergistic Effect of Micro/Nanoimprinted Substrates and Grafted Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Onuma Takahiro , Yamato Masayuki , Takeda Naoya , Okano Teruo 
Published: September 2015

Thermoresponsive polymer brushes are grafted on micro/nanostructured polymer substrates as new intelligent interfaces that synergistically enhance wettability changes in response to external temperature stimuli. Thermoplastic poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) [P(St‐co‐VBC)] is synthesized using radical polymerization and spin‐coated on a glass substrate. Micro/nanopillar and hole patterns are imprinted on the P(St‐co‐VBC) layer using thermal nanoimprint lithography. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) brushes are grafted on the micro/nanostructured P(St‐co‐VBC) layer through surface‐initiated atom‐transfer radical polymerization using 4‐vinylbenzyl chloride as the initiator. The imprinted micro/nanostructures and grafted PIPAAm brush chain lengths affect the surface wettability. Combinations of nanopillars or nanoholes (diameter 500 nm) and longer PIPAAm brushes enhance hydrophobic/hydrophilic changes in response to temperature changes, compared with the flat substrate. The thermoresponsive hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition is synergistically enhanced by the nanostructured surface changing from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel states. This PIPAAm‐brush‐modified micro/nanostructured P(St‐co‐VBC) is a new intelligent interface that effectively changes wettability in response to external temperature changes.
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