bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade liberalisation and employment intensity of sectoral output growth: Lessons from Tunisia
Authors: Goaied Mohamed , Sassi Seifallah 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to assess the relationship between trade liberalisation in Tunisia and the employment intensity of sectoral output growth, in order to examine the claim that free trade creates jobs by stimulating growth. Using panel data for 15 Tunisian sectors over the period 1983–2010, we compare estimated sectoral output–employment elasticities prior to and following the Free Trade Agreement process with the European Union. The results provide evidence that trade liberalisation in Tunisia has led to an increase in the intensity of employment in exporting manufacturing sectors like textiles, clothing and leather industries, and mechanical and electrical industries. However, their ability to generate jobs in response to value-added growth remains weak. Conversely, since the Free Trade Agreement process, the most labour-intensive service sectors, notably tourism and miscellaneous services, have shown a significant decrease in the employment intensity of their output growth. Our findings suggest that the Free Trade Agreement with the European Union has not really fostered the shift of the Tunisian Economy towards a more inclusive model and support the argument for a reorientation of investment policy in favour of sectors generating more job opportunities.
Pharmacokinetics of minocycline in domestic cats
Authors: Tynan Beth E , Papich Mark G , Kerl Marie E , Cohn Leah A 
Published: April 2015

Objectives Recently, the increased cost and decreased availability of doxycycline has sparked an interest in using minocycline as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of minocycline in domestic cats in order to facilitate dosage decisions. Methods Purpose-bred, young adult cats were administered a single dose of either intravenous (IV; n = 4; 5 mg/kg) or oral (n = 6; 50 mg/cat) minocycline. Blood was collected from each at intervals up to 24 h afterwards. Minocycline was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model was fit to the oral data and a two-compartment model to the IV data via a computer program. Plasma protein binding was measured by fortifying blank plasma from untreated healthy cats with minocycline at two concentrations and applying an ultracentrifugation method. Results Two cats became transiently lethargic and tachypneic during IV drug infusion. One cat vomited 6.0 h after infusion, and two cats vomited either 1.5 h or ~5.0 h after oral drug administration. The mean oral dose administered was 13.9 ± 0.47 mg/kg. Oral bioavailability was approximately 62%. Plasma protein binding was 60% at 5 µg/ml and 46% at 1 μg/ml. After IV administration, elimination half-life (t½), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state, and systemic clearance were 6.7 h (coefficient of variation [CV] 14.4%), 1.5 l/kg (CV 34.5%) and 2.9 ml/kg/min (CV 40.8%), respectively. After oral administration the terminal t½ and peak concentration (Cmax) were 6.3 h (CV 9%) and 4.77 µg/ml (CV 36%), respectively. Conclusions and relevance Because most bacteria will have a minimum inhibitory concentration of ⩽0.5 μg/ml, an oral dose of 8.8 mg/kg q24h would be adequate to meet pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic targets after adjusting for protein binding. Although some gastrointestinal upset may occur, one 50 mg capsule orally q24h would provide appropriate dosing for most cats.
Targeting Syk-activated B cells in murine and human chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Flynn Ryan , Allen Jessica L. , Luznik Leo , MacDonald Kelli P. , Paz Katelyn , Alexander Kylie A. , Vulic Ante , Du Jing , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Taylor Patricia A. , Poe Jonathan C. , Serody Jonathan S. , Murphy William J. , Hill Geoffrey R. , Maillard Ivan , Koreth John , Cutler Corey S. , Soiffer Robert J. , Antin Joseph H. , Ritz Jerome , Chao Nelson J. , Clynes Raphael A. , Sarantopoulos Stefanie , Blazar Bruce R. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
Syk is required for increased B-cell activation and cGVHD generation and maintenance. The Syk inhibitor fostamatinib can treat murine cGVHD and increase human cGVHD B-cell death.
Hemodynamic consequences of severe lactic acidosis in shock states: from bench to bedside
Authors: Kimmoun Antoine , Novy Emmanuel , Auchet Thomas , Ducrocq Nicolas , Levy Bruno 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLactic acidosis is a very common biological issue for shock patients. Experimental data clearly demonstrate that metabolic acidosis, including lactic acidosis, participates in the reduction of cardiac contractility and in the vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasopressors through various mechanisms. However, the contributions of each mechanism responsible for these deleterious effects have not been fully determined and their respective consequences on organ failure are still poorly defined, particularly in humans. Despite some convincing experimental data, no clinical trial has established the level at which pH becomes deleterious for hemodynamics. Consequently, the essential treatment for lactic acidosis in shock patients is to correct the cause. It is unknown, however, whether symptomatic pH correction is beneficial in shock patients. The latest Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend against the use of buffer therapy with pH ≥7.15 and issue no recommendation for pH levels <7.15. Furthermore, based on strong experimental and clinical evidence, sodium bicarbonate infusion alone is not recommended for restoring pH. Indeed, bicarbonate induces carbon dioxide generation and hypocalcemia, both cardiovascular depressant factors. This review addresses the principal hemodynamic consequences of shock-associated lactic acidosis. Despite the lack of formal evidence, this review also highlights the various adapted supportive therapy options that could be putatively added to causal treatment in attempting to reverse the hemodynamic consequences of shock-associated lactic acidosis.
An update on the genetic architecture of hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Merriman Tony R 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies that scan the genome for common genetic variants associated with phenotype have greatly advanced medical knowledge. Hyperuricemia is no exception, with 28 loci identified. However, genetic control of pathways determining gout in the presence of hyperuricemia is still poorly understood. Two important pathways determining hyperuricemia have been confirmed (renal and gut excretion of uric acid with glycolysis now firmly implicated). Major urate loci are SLC2A9 and ABCG2. Recent studies show that SLC2A9 is involved in renal and gut excretion of uric acid and is implicated in antioxidant defense. Although etiological variants at SLC2A9 are yet to be identified, it is clear that considerable genetic complexity exists at the SLC2A9 locus, with multiple statistically independent genetic variants and local epistatic interactions. The positions of implicated genetic variants within or near chromatin regions involved in transcriptional control suggest that this mechanism (rather than structural changes in SLC2A9) is important in regulating the activity of SLC2A9. ABCG2 is involved primarily in extra-renal uric acid under-excretion with the etiological variant influencing expression. At the other 26 loci, probable causal genes can be identified at three (PDZK1, SLC22A11, and INHBB) with strong candidates at a further 10 loci. Confirmation of the causal gene will require a combination of re-sequencing, trans-ancestral mapping, and correlation of genetic association data with expression data. As expected, the urate loci associate with gout, although inconsistent effect sizes for gout require investigation. Finally, there has been no genome-wide association study using clinically ascertained cases to investigate the causes of gout in the presence of hyperuricemia. In such a study, use of asymptomatic hyperurcemic controls would be expected to increase the ability to detect genetic associations with gout.
Patients lacking classical poor prognostic markers might also benefit from a step-down glucocorticoid bridging scheme in early rheumatoid arthritis: week 16 results from the randomized multicenter CareRA trial
Authors: Verschueren Patrick , De Cock Diederik , Corluy Luk , Joos Rik , Langenaken Christine , Taelman Veerle , Raeman Frank , Ravelingien Isabelle , Vandevyvere Klaas , Lenaerts Jan , Geens Elke , Geusens Piet , Vanhoof Johan , Durnez Anne , Remans Jan , Vander Cruyssen Bert , Van Essche Els , Sileghem An , De Brabanter Griet , Joly Johan , Van der Elst Kristien , Meyfroidt Sabrina , Westhovens Rene ,   on behalf of the CareRA study group
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Considering a lack of efficacy data in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) presenting without classical markers of poor prognosis, we compared methotrexate (MTX) with or without step-down glucocorticoids in the CareRA trial.

Methods
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve patients with eRA were stratified into a low-risk group based on prognostic markers that included non-erosiveness, anti–citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor negativity and low disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on C-reactive protein (DAS28(CRP)) ≤3.2). Patients were randomized to 15 mg of MTX weekly (MTX with tight step-up (MTX-TSU)) or 15 mg of MTX weekly with prednisone bridging, starting at 30 mg and tapered to 5 mg daily from week 6 (COmbinatie therapie bij Reumatoïde Artritis (COBRA Slim)). A TSU approach was applied. Outcomes assessed were DAS28(CRP)-determined remission, cumulative disease activity, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores and adverse events (AEs) after 16 treatment weeks.

Results
We analyzed 43 COBRA Slim and 47 MTX-TSU patients and found that 65.1% in the COBRA Slim group and 46.8% in the MTX-TSU group reached remission (P = 0.081). Mean ± standard deviation area under the curve values of DAS28(CRP) were 13.84 ± 4.58 and 11.18 ± 4.25 for the MTX-TSU and COBRA Slim patients, respectively (P = 0.006). More COBRA Slim patients had an HAQ score of 0 (51.2% versus 23.4%, P = 0.006) at week 16. Therapy-related AEs between groups did not differ.

Conclusion
In patients with low-risk eRA, MTX with step-down glucocorticoid bridging seems more efficacious than MTX step-up monotherapy, with a comparable number of AEs observed over the first 16 treatment weeks.

Trial registration
EU Clinical Trials Register Identifier: EudraCT number 2008-007225-39. Registered 5 November 2008.
Multiple conformational states in retrospective virtual screening – homology models vs. crystal structures: beta-2 adrenergic receptor case study
Authors: Mordalski Stefan , Witek Jagna , Smusz Sabina , Rataj Krzysztof , Bojarski Andrzej J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Distinguishing active from inactive compounds is one of the crucial problems of molecular docking, especially in the context of virtual screening experiments. The randomization of poses and the natural flexibility of the protein make this discrimination even harder. Some of the recent approaches to post-docking analysis use an ensemble of receptor models to mimic this naturally occurring conformational diversity. However, the optimal number of receptor conformations is yet to be determined.
In this study, we compare the results of a retrospective screening of beta-2 adrenergic receptor ligands performed on both the ensemble of receptor conformations extracted from ten available crystal structures and an equal number of homology models. Additional analysis was also performed for homology models with up to 20 receptor conformations considered.

Results
The docking results were encoded into the Structural Interaction Fingerprints and were automatically analyzed by support vector machine. The use of homology models in such virtual screening application was proved to be superior in comparison to crystal structures. Additionally, increasing the number of receptor conformational states led to enhanced effectiveness of active vs. inactive compounds discrimination.

Conclusions
For virtual screening purposes, the use of homology models was found to be most beneficial, even in the presence of crystallographic data regarding the conformational space of the receptor. The results also showed that increasing the number of receptors considered improves the effectiveness of identifying active compounds by machine learning methods.
Non-targeted metabolomics and lipidomics LC–MS data from maternal plasma of 180 healthy pregnant women
Authors: Luan Hemi , Meng Nan , Liu Ping , Fu Jin , Chen Xiaomin , Rao Weiqiao , Jiang Hui , Xu Xun , Cai Zongwei , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Metabolomics has the potential to be a powerful and sensitive approach for investigating the low molecular weight metabolite profiles present in maternal fluids and their role in pregnancy.

Findings
In this Data Note, LC–MS metabolome, lipidome and carnitine profiling data were collected from 180 healthy pregnant women, representing six time points spanning all three trimesters, and providing sufficient coverage to model the progression of normal pregnancy.

Conclusions
As a relatively large scale, real-world dataset with robust numbers of quality control samples, the dataare expected to prove useful for algorithm optimization and development, with the potential to augment studies into abnormal pregnancy. All data and ISA-TAB format enriched metadata are available for download in the MetaboLights and GigaScience databases.
Controllable and switchable drug delivery of ibuprofen from temperature responsive composite nanofibers
Authors: Tran Toan , Hernandez Mariana , Patel Dhruvil , Burns Elena , Peterman Vanessa , Wu Ji 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Composited electrospun nanofibers made of temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can be utilized for ‘on-demand’ and controlled drug release of ibuprofen without burst effect for potential pharmaceutical applications. Three types of nanofibers, PCL, pNIPAM and pNIPAM/PCL composite NFs containing ibuprofen were fabricated using electrospinning techniques. Ibuprofen release rates from PCL NFs are not affected by the temperature in the range of 22–34°C (less than 10%). In contrast, the ibuprofen release rates from pNIPAM NFs are very sensitive to the change in temperature, which is five times higher at 22°C compared to 34°C. However, there is a serious burst effect at 22°C. Compared to other two types of NFs, pNIPAM/PCL composite NFs prepared demonstrated a variable and controlled release at both room and higher temperature, due to the extra protection from the hydrophobic poly (ε-caprolactone). The rate at 22°C is 75% faster compared to that at 34°C. This kind of composite design can provide a novel approach to suppress the burst effect in drug delivery systems for potential pharmaceutical applications.
The Effects of Noncovalent Interactions on Surface Structures Formed by Diketopyrrolopyrrole Pigment and Its Alkyl-Derivatives on HOPG Substrate
Authors: Honda Akinori , Tamaki Yoshinori , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Two-dimensional self-assembled structures formed by diketopyrrolopyrrole Pigment Red 254 (3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) and its alkyl-derivatives at the liquid-HOPG interface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Pigment Red 254 is found to form two different surface structures (crystal-like structure and solvated crystal-like structure). Furthermore, in order to investigate the effect of hydrogen bonding, alkyl-derivatized Pigment Red 254 (PR-2Cn, n: alkyl chain length) were synthesized, and their self-assembled structures were analyzed. We found that surface structures of PR-2Cn varied depending on the intermolecular and molecule–substrate van der Waals interactions arising from the n-alkyl chains introduced instead of hydrogen bonding. Shorter alkyl chains of PR-2C10 resulted in the formation of multi domains. On the other hand, PR-2C12, PR-2C14, and PR-2C16 molecules that have longer alkyl chains formed stable single domain structures.
Preparation and Characterization of Heterobimetallic Complex, Sr[Bi(DTPA)]·9H2O, Derived La-Doped Sr2Bi2O5
Authors: Obukuro Yuki , Sakai Go , Okuyama Yuji , Matsunaga Naoki , Matsushima Shigenori , Obata Kenji , Asato Eiji 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Single-phase Sr2Bi2O5 was formed by calcination of the heterobimetallic complex, Sr[Bi(DTPA)]·9H2O, at 700 °C for 6 h in air. La-doping by 5 and 10 mol % into Sr2Bi2O5 was also examined. There were no traces of impurity phase in the 5 mol % La-doped Sr2Bi2O5 powder, on the other hand, impurity phases such as Sr3Bi4O9 and SrCO3 were identified for the 10 mol % La-doped sample. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the absorption edge of La-doped Sr2Bi2O5 exhibits red shift as compared to the pure Sr2Bi2O5 and the shift increases with the increase of La3+ doping. It was confirmed that the photocatalytic activity of Sr2Bi2O5 for the oxidation of isopropanol is improved with La doping under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm).
Dynamics of TEMPOL Radicals in TPP 1D Nanochannels and Different Molecular Orientation from Other TEMPO Derivatives
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Aoki Kento , Asaji Tetsuo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The molecular orientation and dynamics of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPOL) radicals in one-dimensional (1D) nanochannels of the crystal of tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) were examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. TEMPOL radicals in the TPP nanochannels performed rotational diffusion motion not around the principal y axis of the g-tensor, as observed in most cases of TEMPO derivatives, but approximately around the principal z axis with much larger activation energy.
Metal-catalyzed Stereoselective and Protecting-group-free Synthesis of 1,2-cis-Glycosides Using 4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl Glycosides as Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Kikuta Naoya , Kimura Yoshiharu , Shoda Shin-ichiro 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl glycosides, glycosyl donors prepared in one step from free saccharides without protection of the hydroxy groups, were stereoselectively and equivalently converted to the corresponding 1,2-cis-glycosides by using a catalytic amount of metal catalyst. This reaction was successfully applied not only to monosaccharides, but also to di- and oligosaccharides.
The first week of the zombie apocalypse: The influences of game temporality
Authors: Carter Marcus 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
DayZ is a zombie-themed survival first-person shooter (FPS) game with persistence similar to games in the massively multiplayer online game genre. Released on the 16 December 2013 by surprise, DayZ adopts an ‘alpha’ release model; though playable, DayZ is unfinished, and will continue to be developed over the coming years. In 24 hours, the game sold over 172,500 copies, and reached over 800,000 sales within three weeks. In this article, I examine the experience of DayZ between 16 December and 23 December 2013. Through examining the experience of the game over such a short time frame, I highlight how patches, paratexts and changing literacy about the game can rapidly change its experience and culture. I argue that this emphasizes the importance of acknowledging a game’s temporality when analysing the relationships between player experiences, cultures and a game’s design.
Métrica e tropos em duas tragédias de Ésquilo: SetecontraTebas e Os Persas
Authors: Muñoz Anne-Iris 
Published: April 2015

E: L'approche de la dynamique de la forme peut proposer une modèle de lecture des tragédies d'Eschyle à partir de l'interaction entre les unités métriques et l'organisation des parties de l'ouvrage. Pour soutenir cette approche est utilisée le confrontation des Sept contre Thèbes et des Perses.
O acento musical secundário dos properispômenos e dos proparoxítonos na Sétima Neméia (um argumento da teoria acentual)
Authors: Steinrueck Martin 
Published: April 2015

In this paper, a detaleid analysis of Pindar's Nemean 7 discusses forms and possibilities of musical accent in the ancient greek accentuation. The main focus is contibute to debate about the pressupposed homology between melodic moviment and musical accent.
Catalyst-free tandem Knoevenagel-Michael reaction of aldehydes and pyrazolin-5-one: fast and convenient approach to medicinally relevant 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Sokolova Olga O. , Nasybullin Ruslan F. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Catalyst-free tandem Knoevenagel-Michael reaction of aryl aldehydes and two equivalents of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one results in fast (5 min) formation of medicinally relevant 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s in excellent 93%–99% yield.
Words and Patterns That Comprise Resistance Training Exercise Names
Authors: Nuzzo James L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Nuzzo, JL. Words and patterns that comprise resistance training exercise names. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 826–830, 2017—Limited research exists on the language associated with resistance training. The purpose of this study was to identify the ways in which resistance training exercises are named. Names of 57 exercises were obtained from the National Strength and Conditioning Association's Exercise Technique Manual for Resistance Training. The analysis consisted of categorizing into themes all the words of the exercise names and then identifying naming patterns. Names of the 57 exercises were comprised 188 total words. Seven percent of the words described body position (e.g., “seated”), 1.1% described body position direction (e.g., “over”), 19.1% described a body part (e.g., “shoulder”), 1.1% were body part adjectives (“stiff”), 30.3% described action (e.g., “row”), 5.9% described action direction (e.g., “lateral”), 23.4% described equipment (e.g., “barbell”), 8% described equipment position (e.g., “incline”), and 4.3% were considered miscellaneous (e.g., “power”). Of the 57 exercise names, 22.8% contained a body position word, 3.5% contained a body position direction word, 54.4% contained a body part word, 3.5% contained a body part adjective word, 94.7% contained an action word, 19.3% contained an action direction word, 61.4% contained an equipment word, 26.3% contained an equipment position word, and 12.3% contained a miscellaneous word. These types of words were used inconsistently. Additionally, 35 different naming patterns were discovered among the 57 exercise names. Overall, the findings reveal that current strategies for naming exercises are inconsistent. The strength and conditioning field can use this information to move toward standardizing the way in which resistance training exercises are named.
The Growth of Tin Oxide Aerogels: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Characterizations
Authors: da Cunha Carlo Requião , da Silva Fábio Dias , Morales Renzo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTin oxide aerogels were synthesized using the epoxide-assisted technique and characterized with X-ray diffraction, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, particle-induced X-ray emission and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that the material is electrically semi-insulating as the result of oxygen vacancies that appear as fixed charges at the bottom of the conduction band. A modification of the technique with the addition of hydrogen peroxide is proposed to reduce the levels of defects and enhance the optical transparency of the material.