bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistant Grapevine Varieties to Downy Mildew
Authors: Salotti I. , Caffi T. , Fedele G. , Rossi V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Downy mildew (DM), caused by the oomycete
Plasmopara viticola
, is one of the most important diseases of grapevine worldwide. Control of DM still largely relies on fungicide applications even though the call for agricultural sustainability makes of paramount importance the exploitation of human- and eco-friendly alternatives. Partially resistant varieties, which originate from the introgression of genes of resistance to DM from wild grapevines into the
Vitis vinifera
genome, may contribute to a less fungicide-dependent viticulture. In these varieties,
P. viticola
completes its life cycle on grapevine, but one or more stages of the disease cycle are affected, leading to reduced DM severity and/or slowed the progress of the epidemics in the field. This case study describes the origins of resistance genes and their exploitation in breeding programmes, the effect of resistance on the disease cycle and DM epidemics. A focus on integrated disease management in the vineyard of DM in relation to other fungal diseases is also provided.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Efficient and reliable detection of nonlocal quantum correlations in continuous-variable and hybrid states via random measurements
Authors: Barasiński Artur , Sudak Nazarii , Peřina Jr Jan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the violation of nonlocal realism using various entangled continues- and hybrid-variable states under dichotomic observables. In particular, we consider two cases of dichotomic observables (1) described by a pseudospin operator and (2) given in terms of the Wigner representation of the state in phase space, parity measurement and displacement operation. We address the recently proposed operational measure of nonlocality which describes the probability of local-realism violation under randomly sampled observables. We show the usefulness and limitations of the probability of local-realism violation for the detection of nonlocality. A simple procedure to detect such nonlocal correlations for randomly chosen settings with efficiencies of up to 100% is proposed. The practical advantage of applying random measurements that considerably lowers the experimental requirements is mentioned.
Quantum word embedding for machine learning
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Nam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The accelerated progress in quantum computing has enabled a new form of machine intelligence that runs on quantum hardware, which holds great promise for more powerful computational models in various learning tasks. An emergent application of Quantum Machine Intelligence (QMI) is Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP). This paper proposes a multi-dimensional, finite automaton model for quantum word embedding (QWE) via the Galois field. We demonstrated the model to three applications: (1) English vocabulary, (2) amino acid-based genetic codes, and (3) DNA-based genetic codes. The numerical results obtained from the proposed algorithm for the English vocabulary indicate that it produces more representative word features than Word2Vec based on the word distance metric. Second, the proposed algorithm is also utilized to model RNA-Protein interaction based on the latent distance of a given molecule, which is demonstrated on three large datasets, namely RPI369, RPI1807, and RPI2241. Finally, two embedding techniques for DNA-based genetic codes are proposed in this work: Two-state Lackadaisical Encoding (TCE) and Topological-Cyclic Encoding (TLE). These techniques enable extracting relevant features for the efficacy score of gRNAs used in the CRISPR-Cas 9 system, demonstrated on 15 datasets, compared to 12 mathematical features. We make our implementation available at https://github.com/namnguyen0510/Quantum-Embedding-of-Word/tree/main.
Narrow nano-beam generation inside of silicon photonic chip with a hemi-cylinder
Authors: Zhou Song , Qian Fang , Minin Igor V , Minin Oleg V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A photonic nanojet (PNJ) can be shrunk using a high index dielectric micro-particle to generate a narrow nano-beam. Considering silicon has a high refractive index and low absorption in near-infrared waves, here, we present a narrow nano-beam generation inside of a silicon photonic chip with a hemi-cylinder. The proposed design consists of a silicon hemi-cylinder on a silicon substrate with a micro-hole. At first, we investigate the narrow PNJ inside of the silicon substrate produced by a silicon hemi-cylinder on a silicon substrate. In order to make the PNJ inside of the silicon substrate usable, the properties of the PNJ influenced by the position of the added micro-hole filled with water are studied. A narrow nano-beam can be obtained when the position of the added micro-hole is well-chosen. Then, the narrow nano-beam affected by the silicon hemi-cylinder immersed different mediums is presented. Finally, we discuss the influence of the perturbation of illumination angle on the properties of the nano-beam. The proposed structure may have potential applications in enhanced Raman spectroscopy and optofluidic chips.
Various exact solutions to the time-fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation via the new modified Sardar sub-equation method
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S , Ismael Hajar F , Sulaiman Tukur Abdulkadir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We aim to investigates the nonlinear Schrödinger equation including time-fractional derivative in (3+1)-dimensions by considering cubic and quantic terms The modified Sardar sub-equation method is used that lead to the discovery of a unique class of optical solutions. To transform the suggested nonlinear equation into an ordinary differential equation, we applied wave transformations, resulting in a set of nonlinear equations that offer diverse solution scenarios. The derived solutions encompass dark, wave, bright, mixed dark-bright, bell-shape, kink-shape, and singular soliton solutions. To enhance our understanding of the dynamic behavior exhibited by these solitons under varying time parameter values, visual simulations through a variety of graphs is presented. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison is conducted, exploring a range of values for the conformable fractional order parameter. This comparison aims to highlight on the influence of fractional order variations on the solutions, contributing valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of the system. Overall, this study serves to advance our understanding of nonlinear processes, and its potential applications in real-life phenomena. In the field of nonlinear optics, this equation can describe the propagation of optical pulses in nonlinear media. It helps in understanding the behavior of intense laser beams as they propagate through materials exhibiting nonlinear optical effects such as self-focusing, self-phase modulation, and optical solitons.
Thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in restricted phase space
Authors: Jian 简 Siyu 思雨 , Long 龙 Siying 思颖 , Chen 陈 Juhua 菊华 , Wang 王 Yongjiu 永久 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study thermodynamics of charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence in a new formalism which is called the restricted phase space thermodynamics. This context is based on Visser’s holographic thermodynamics with a fixed anti-de Sitter radius and a variable Newton constant. The conjugate variables, central charge C and the chemical potential μ, are introduced as a new pair of thermodynamic variables. We find that the iso-e-charge T–S curve becomes non-monotonic when

Q
^

<

Q
^

c

. Correspondingly, the F–T curve exhibits a swallow tail structure. This behavior is considered as a van der Waals-like phase transition. As the value of

b
^

related to the energy density of Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger, the critical temperature T
c will decrease. Thus, the van der Waals-like phase transition will occur at lower temperature. There is always a non-quilibrium transition from a small unstable black hole to a large stable black hole state in the isocoltage T–S process. There exist a maximum and a Hawking–Page phase transition points in the μ–C plane. As the value of

b
^

related to Kiselev’s fluid becomes larger, the Hawking–Page phase transition will occur at lower temperature in the isovoltage μ–T process. For other values of the state parameter ω, there also exists van der Waals-like phase transition.
Optimization performance of quantum endoreversible Otto machines with dual-squeezed reservoirs
Authors: Liu 刘 Haoguang 浩广 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider a quantum endoreversible Otto engine cycle and its inverse operation-Otto refrigeration cycle, employing two-level systems as the working substance and operating in dual-squeezed reservoirs. We demonstrate that the efficiency of heat engines at maximum work output and the coefficient of performance for refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion will degenerate to η
− = η
C/(2 – η
C) and

ε
−

=
(

9
+
8

ε
C

−
3
)
/
2

when symmetric squeezing is satisfied, respectively. We also investigated the influences of squeezing degree on the performance optimization of quantum Otto heat engines at the maximum work output and refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion. These analytical results show that the efficiency of heat engines at maximum work output and the coefficient of performance for refrigerators at the maximum χ criterion can be improved, reduced or even inhibited in asymmetric squeezing. Furthermore, we also find that the efficiency of quantum Otto heat engines at maximum work output is lower than that obtained from the Otto heat engines based on a single harmonic oscillator system. However, the coefficient of performance of the corresponding refrigerator is higher.
A large language model-powered literature review for high-angle annular dark field imaging
Authors: Yuan 袁 Wenhao 文浩 , Peng 彭 Cheng 程 , He 何 Qian 迁 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-Å resolution and provide chemical information through Z-contrast. This study leverages large language models (LLMs) to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature (more than 41000 papers). By using LLMs, specifically ChatGPT, we were able to extract detailed information on applications, sample preparation methods, instruments used, and study conclusions. The findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging, underscoring its increasingly important role in materials science. Moreover, the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.
Multi-model ensembles for regional and national wheat yield forecasts in Argentina
Authors: Zachow Maximilian , Kunstmann Harald , Miralles Daniel Julio , Asseng Senthold 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While multi-model ensembles (MMEs) of seasonal climate models (SCMs) have been used for crop yield forecasting, there has not been a systematic attempt to select the most skillful SCMs to optimize the performance of a MME and improve in-season yield forecasts. Here, we propose a statistical model to forecast regional and national wheat yield variability from 1993–2016 over the main wheat production area in Argentina. Monthly mean temperature and precipitation from the four months (August–November) before harvest were used as features. The model was validated for end-of-season estimation in December using reanalysis data (ERA) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as well as for in-season forecasts from June to November using a MME of three SCMs from 10 SCMs analyzed. A benchmark model for end-of-season yield estimation using ERA data achieved a R
2 of 0.33, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 9.8% and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.8 on national level. On regional level, the model demonstrated the best estimation accuracy in the northern sub-humid Pampas with a R
2 of 0.5, a RMSE of 12.6% and a ROC score of 0.9. Across all months of initialization, SCMs from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory had the highest mean absolute error of forecasted features compared to ERA data. The most skillful in-season wheat yield forecasts were possible with a 3-member-MME, combining data from the SCMs of the ECMWF, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the French national meteorological service. This MME forecasted wheat yield on national level at the beginning of November, one month before harvest, with a R
2 of 0.32, a RMSE of 9.9% and a ROC score of 0.7. This approach can be applied to other crops and regions.
Algebraic formulas and geometric derivation of source identities
Authors: Motegi Kohei , Ohkawa Ryo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSource identities are fundamental identities between multivariable special functions. We give a geometric derivation of rational and trigonometric source identities. We also give a systematic derivation and extension of various determinant representations for source functions which appeared in previous literature as well as introducing the elliptic version of the determinants, and obtain identities between determinants. We also show several symmetrization formulas for the rational version.
Ratchet-mediated resetting: current, efficiency, and exact solution
Authors: Roberts Connor , Sezik Emir , Lardet Eloise 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe model an overdamped Brownian particle that is subject to resetting facilitated by a ratchet potential on a spatially periodic domain. This asymmetric potential switches on with a constant rate, but switches off again only upon the particle’s first passage to a resetting point at the minimum of the potential. Repeating this cycle sustains a non-equilibrium steady-state, as well as a directed steady-state current which can be harnessed to perform useful work. We derive exact analytic expressions for the probability densities of the free-diffusion and resetting phases, the associated currents for each phase, and an efficiency parameter that quantifies the return in current for given power input. These expressions allow us to fully characterise the system and obtain experimentally relevant results such as the optimal current and efficiency. Our results are corroborated by simulations, and have implications for experimentally viable finite-time resetting protocols.
Extracting phonon coupling parameters from multi color center photoluminescence
Authors: Lamelas A , Amaral V S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vibronic coupling of color centers plays a crucial role in their effectiveness for quantum technologies. This study presents a novel approach to extract key parameters, including the Huang–Rhys factor and the one-phonon coupling function, from photoluminescence spectra containing the signal from multiple color centers. Monotonic splines are used to represent the one-phonon coupling function, optimized using a variable-length non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Our method is applied to the combination of the well-studied negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center and its less explored neutral counterpart in diamond, observed through photoluminescence at 14 K. Despite the complexity inherent in the theoretical framework governing phonon coupling in photoluminescence, we achieve robust fits, yielding a normalized root-mean-squared error of approximately 6%. The neutral nitrogen-vacancy center exhibits a Huang–Rhys factor of 3.0, while its negatively charged counterpart showcases a value of 3.95. The quasi-localized vibrations of both charge states are clearly present in the fitted one-phonon spectral function. Furthermore, the consistency of our methodology is bolstered by temperature-dependent photoluminescence, which was calculated up to numerical constants using fit-derived parameters, matching the experimental measurements up to 300 K.
Functionalization of PLA nanofibers with PCL blending and TiO2 nanoparticle addition
Authors: Evcimen Duygulu Nilufer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, the functionality of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers was enhanced by blending polycaprolactone (PCL) and adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Various concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 7% wt, were added to the PLA nanofibers. Optimal dispersion was observed at 3% wt TiO2, resulting in 493.64 ± 129.78 nm fiber sizes. Blending PLA with PCL in a 1:1 ratio yielded fibers with an average diameter of 513.20 ± 64.85 nm. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the PLA/PCL blends increased fiber pore area due to the larger fiber size. Mechanical testing indicated that adding TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the strength of the nanofibers slightly while ductility increased significantly. The results for the water uptake behavior of the fibers showed that TiO2 NP addition improved the water absorption. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) using the agar disk diffusion method. TiO2 NPs added PLA and PLA/PCL nanofibers demonstrated inhibition zones of 10.46 ± 1.03 mm and 19.30 ± 1.47 mm against S.aureus, and 13.33 ± 1.15 mm and 21.71 ± 1.74 mm against E.coli, respectively.
Study of the effect of synthesis temperature and thermal aging on structural, dielectric properties and phase composition in NiO/NiAl2O4 composite ceramics
Authors: Shakirzyanov Rafael I , Borgekov Daryn B , Garanin Yuriy A , Kozlovskiy Artem L , Volodina Natalia O , Shlimas Dmitriy I , Zdorovets Maxim V 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In modern materials science, a considerable amount of research is focused on obtaining new ceramic materials to create efficient functional elements. Acquiring highly efficient and stable ceramic catalysts for alternative energy is an important task that demands an urgent solution. Solving this problem as fast as possible is essential, as it will facilitate the development of new technologies that can prevent future energy crises. Nickel oxide (NiO) and spinel with the composition NiAl2O4 are excellent candidates as high temperature catalysts used in alternative energy applications. This paper studies the synthesis of NiO/NiAl2O4 composite ceramics and the effect of high-temperature aging on their phase composition, crystalline properties, and dielectric characteristics. The study found that the phase composition and microstructure of the ceramics remain unchanged after several thermal aging cycles at 700 °C. However, the crystalline parameters and low-frequency dielectric characteristics may fluctuate significantly depending on the duration of aging. The observed variations were predominantly influenced by the microstructural features of the composite ceramics. As the average grain size increased and the phase transformations were completed, the crystalline parameters and low-frequency dielectric characteristics reached a stable state without further alteration. For NiO/NiAl2O4 ceramics with a sintering temperature of 1500 °C, the highest shrinkage, low dielectric loss values and acceptable hardness were observed, indicating that the fabricated ceramics are suitable for mechanical processing. In general, the obtained composite ceramics show high temperature stability and are well-suited for use as functional elements in hydrogen energy applications.
Tensile behaviour of continuous carbon fibre reinforced composites fabricated by a modified 3D printer
Authors: Gür Yılmaz , Çelik Sare , Sakin Raif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study aims to highlight the impact of low-volume (7.5%) continuous carbon fibre reinforcement in three different polymer matrices and the effects of post-processing under hot pressing on the mechanical properties of the structures. A fused deposition modelling (FDM) printer’s print head was modified to directly extrude the polymer matrix and continuous carbon fibre tow together. Both pure and carbon fibre-reinforced samples were cured under hot pressing at 100 °C and 10 kN pressure for 15 min. All samples underwent tensile and hardness tests, and the microstructure of fractured samples was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that continuous carbon fibre reinforcement and hot pressing are crucial for enhancing the mechanical performance of 3D-printed objects.
Montmorillonite in dentistry: a review of advances in research and potential clinical applications
Authors: Prasad Kumara P A A S , Deng Xiaoxuan , Cooper Paul R , Cathro Peter , Dias George , Gould Maree , Ratnayake Jithendra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Montmorillonite (MMT) is a biocompatible, cost-effective phyllosilicate mineral clay material with a nanolayered structure belonging to the smectite group. MMT is frequently used as an adsorbent catalyst in organic synthesis, food additives, cosmetics, medical applications and many other applications in varying industries. MMT has been incorporated into numerous experimental dental restorative materials as a reinforcing filler due to its high aspect ratio, forming interfacial solid bonds with the polymer matrix. The relatively high cation exchange capacity and layered structure of MMT pave the way as a medium for drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the incorporation of ions such as calcium, fluoride, silver, and zinc potentially increase the remineralization properties and antibacterial properties of MMT-based dental materials. Despite modern dental restorative materials having advanced significantly with innovations in material nanoscience, challenges such as biocompatibility, inadequate mechanical properties, marginal leakage, polymerization shrinkage, aesthetic concerns, and overall costs remain to be addressed. This review investigates the potential of montmorillonite (MMT) in dentistry, emphasizing its distinctive properties, composite formulations, and applications. It assesses the current state of research in these areas, aiming to highlight existing gaps in knowledge, emerging trends, and lesser-known applications of MMT-based materials. The review underscores MMT’s promise as an alternative material across various dental applications while noting the scarcity of research on completed products and in vivo clinical studies.
Ratchet loading and multi-ensemble operation in an optical lattice clock
Authors: Hassan Youssef S , Kobayashi Takumi , Bothwell Tobias , Seigel Jacob L , Hunt Benjamin D , Beloy Kyle , Gibble Kurt , Grogan Tanner , Ludlow Andrew D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate programmable control over the spatial distribution of ultra-cold atoms confined in an optical lattice. The control is facilitated through a combination of spatial manipulation of the magneto-optical trap and atomic population shelving to a metastable state. We first employ the technique to load an extended (5 mm) atomic sample with uniform density in an optical lattice clock (OLC), reducing atomic interactions and realizing remarkable frequency homogeneity across the atomic cloud. We also prepare multiple spatially separated atomic ensembles, and realize multi-ensemble clock operation within the standard one-dimensional (1D) OLC architecture. Leveraging this technique, we prepare two oppositely spin-polarized ensembles that are independently addressable, offering a platform for implementing spectroscopic protocols for enhanced tracking of local oscillator phase. Finally, we demonstrate a relative fractional frequency instability at one second of

2.4
(
1
)
×

10

−
17

between two ensembles, useful for characterization of intra-lattice differential systematics.