bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which measures of adiposity are related to Australian adolescent's perception of their weight?
Authors: Fredrickson Julia , Kremer Peter , Swinburn Boyd , de Silva Andrea , McCabe Marita 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo determine which measurement of adiposity – standardised body mass index (BMI‐z), waist circumference or body fat percentage – is most closely correlated with adolescents' weight perception and whether this differs by gender.MethodsWeight and height (used to calculate BMI‐z), waist circumference and body fat percentage were measured in 2278 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 and compared with self‐reported weight status.ResultsThe distribution of subjects across the three weight categories (underweight, healthy weight and overweight) differed significantly between BMI‐z, waist circumference and body fat percentage (p < 0.001). BMI‐z was most closely aligned with perceived weight status in boys and girls, and waist circumference was also a good correlate of weight perception in boys. Boys were more likely than girls to underestimate their weight when it was defined by BMI‐z; however, girls were equally likely to underestimate their weight when it was defined by waist circumference. The majority of adolescents underestimated their weight status when it was defined by BF%.ConclusionBMI‐z is the closest correlate of self‐perceived weight status. In the absence of internationally accepted reference values for waist circumference, BMI‐z is the most appropriate measure to verify weight perception.
Exploring five common assumptions on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Batstra Laura , Nieweg Edo H. , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe number of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treated with medication is steadily increasing. The aim of this paper was to critically discuss five debatable assumptions on ADHD that may explain these trends to some extent. These are that ADHD (i) causes deviant behaviour, (ii) is a disease, (iii) is chronic and (iv) is best treated by medication and (v) that classification should precede treatment.ConclusionWe argue that ADHD is not a disease, not the cause of deviant behaviour and in most cases not chronic. Treatment for attention and hyperactivity problems could start with psychosocial interventions and without a diagnostic label. A stepped diagnosis approach may reduce overdiagnosis without risking undertreatment.
Congestive heart failure risk in cancer patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 36 clinical trials
Authors: Qi Wei‐Xiang , Shen Zan , Tang Li‐Na , Yao Yang 
Published: March 2014

AimsCongestive heart failure (CHF) associated with vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors (VEGFR‐TKIs) has emerged as a relevant problem in clinical and scientific communities. We performed an up‐to‐date, comprehensive meta‐analysis to determine the overall incidence and risk of CHF in cancer patients receiving VEGFR‐TKIs.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Web of Science and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology up to August 31 2013 were searched for relevant articles. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using either random effects or fixed effect models according to the heterogeneity of included studies.ResultsA total of 10 553 patients from 36 clinical trials were included. The overall incidence of all grade and high grade CHF associated with VEGFR‐TKIs was 3.2% (95% CI 1.8%, 5.8%) and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9%, 2.3%), respectively. The use of VEGFR‐TKIs significantly increased the risk of developing all grade (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.76, 3.20, P < 0.001) and high grade (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.74, 7.05, P < 0.001) CHF. In subgroup analyses, the risk of CHF did not significantly vary with tumour types (P = 0.071 for all grade; P = 0.72 for high grade) and VEGFR‐TKIs (P = 0.55 for all grade; P = 0.99 for high grade). Meta‐regression indicated that CHF might possibly occur early in the treatment of VEGFR‐TKIs. No evidence of publication bias was observed.ConclusionThe use of VEGFR‐TKIs is associated with a significantly increased risk of developing congestive heart failure in cancer patients. Clinicians should be aware of this risk and provide close monitoring in patients receiving these therapies.
Donor‐derived myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukaemia after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, natural history and treatment response
Authors: Dietz Andrew C. , DeFor Todd E. , Brunstein Claudio G. , Wagner John E. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDonor‐derived myelodysplastic syndrome/acute leukaemia (DD‐MDS/AL) is a rare life‐threatening complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. However, it is unknown whether the risk differs by HSC source. Therefore, we evaluated the incidence of DD‐MDS/AL in 2390 engrafted patients. With a median follow‐up of 7·1 years (1–20·8), the incidence of DD‐MDS/AL was 0·53% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0·01–1·41%], 0·56% (95%CI, 0·01–1·36%) and 0·56% (95%CI, 0·01–1·10%) in recipients of bone marrow (n = 1117), peripheral blood (n = 489) and umbilical cord blood (UCB, n = 784), respectively. While follow‐up is shorter in recipients of UCB and peripheral blood, incidence of DD‐MDS/AL is, thus far, similar between HSC sources.
Impaired ICOSL in human myeloid dendritic cells promotes Th2 responses in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Shen C. , Hupin C. , Froidure A. , Detry B. , Pilette C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundMyeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and costimulatory molecules such as ICOSL/B7H2 play a pivotal role in murine experimental asthma, while little is known in human allergic disease.The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and ICOSL expression of mDCs from allergic rhinitis patients (AR) and their functional correlates on mDC regulation of T cell responses.MethodsHuman blood myeloid, CD1c+ DCs were isolated from AR or healthy controls. Expression of costimulatory molecules inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) was analysed in blood mDCs by flow cytometry and in nasal tissue biopsies by dual immunostaining. Blood mDCs were cocultured with (allogeneic) CD4+ T cells before immunoassays for cytokine responses.ResultsmDCs from AR patients expressed a lower level of ICOSL, in both blood and nasal tissue. mDCs from AR were constitutively primed to induce Th2 cytokines and TNF in allogeneic CD4+ T cells, while no difference was observed for IFN‐γ or IL‐10. Production of IL‐10 and IL‐12 did not differ between AR and control mDCs. Blockade of ICOSL in control DCs up‐regulated IL‐13 but not IFN‐γ in cocultures with T cells, while PD‐L1 blockade up‐regulated both IL‐13 and IFN‐γ.ConclusionsOur data show that mDCs from patients with AR display impaired expression of ICOSL, and this defect licenses mDCs to promote aberrant IL‐13‐ and IL‐5‐producing Th2 cell responses.
Epithelial function and dysfunction in asthma
Authors: Loxham M. , Davies D. E. , Blume C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAsthma was previously defined as an allergic Th2‐mediated inflammatory immune disorder. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged because not all pathological changes observed in the asthmatic airways are adequately explained simply as a result of Th2‐mediated processes. Contemporary thought holds that asthma is a complex immune disorder involving innate as well as adaptive immune responses, with the clinical heterogeneity of asthma perhaps a result of the different relative contribution of these two systems to the disease. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to certain environmental substances is strongly associated with the risk of developing asthma. The airway epithelium is first barrier to interact with, and respond to, environmental agents (pollution, viral infection, allergens), suggesting that it is a key player in the pathology of asthma. Epithelial cells play a key role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis by the modulation of numerous molecules, from antioxidants and lipid mediators to growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Additionally, the epithelium is also able to suppress mechanisms involved in, for example, inflammation in order to maintain homeostasis. An intrinsic alteration or defect in these regulation mechanisms compromises the epithelial barrier, and therefore, the barrier may be more prone to environmental substances and thus more likely to exhibit an asthmatic phenotype. In support of this, polymorphisms in a number of genes that are expressed in the bronchial epithelium have been linked to asthma susceptibility, while environmental factors may affect epigenetic mechanisms that can alter epithelial function and response to environmental insults. A detailed understanding of the regulatory role of the airway epithelium is required to develop new therapeutic strategies for asthma that not only address the symptoms but also the underlining pathogenic mechanism(s) and prevent airway remodelling.
Exercise‐induced bronchospasm related to different phenotypes of rhinitis without asthma in primary schoolchildren: the French Six Cities Study
Authors: Caillaud D. , Horo K. , Baiz N. , Banerjee S. , Charpin D. , Lavaud F. , de Blay F. , Raherison C. , Annesi‐Maesano I. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundExercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB) is frequent among asthmatic children. However, opinions differ on the relation between EIB and rhinitis in the absence of asthma.ObjectivesWe assessed the relationship between EIB and various phenotypes of rhinitis according to asthmatic status at the general population level in the Six Cities Study.MethodsOf 7781 schoolchildren with a mean age of 10 years underwent an EIB test and skin prick test to assess allergic sensitization. Their parents completed a standardized questionnaire recording asthma‐like symptoms and past‐year rhinoconjunctivitis, ever hay fever (EHF), and a score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) ≥7 as a marker of ‘past‐year allergic rhinitis’. Exercise‐induced bronchospasm was defined as a fall in peak expiratory flow rate ≥15% after exercise.ResultsOf the 6813 schoolchildren retained for analysis, 227 (3.33%) experienced EIB after exercise. Odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] between EIB and allergic rhinitis phenotypes in the absence of asthma were 1.56 [0.92–2.63] for EHF, 1.97 [1.16–3.35] for past‐year rhinoconjunctivitis, and 1.84 [1.16–2.91] for a SFAR ≥7. Results were unchanged after adjustment for confounders. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that EIB, although related to asthma, constitutes a separate entity. Exercise‐induced bronchospasm was not significantly related to familial history of asthma.ConclusionIn our large population‐based sample of children, different phenotypes of atopic rhinitis were associated with EIB, independently of asthma. Exercise‐induced bronchospasm, although related to asthma, seems to constitute a separate entity.Clinical relevanceIn this large (6813) sample of 10‐year children drawn from the general population, EIB is associated with rhinitis phenotypes in the absence of asthma. Furthermore, it constitutes an entity independent from asthma and is not related to a familial history of asthma. Thus, investigating these symptoms could be important in this disease, as a specific nasal treatment might improve EIB in these children.
The beneficial effect of acromegaly control on blood pressure values in normotensive patients
Authors: Sardella Chiara , Urbani Claudio , Lombardi Martina , Nuzzo Alessandro , Manetti Luca , Lupi Isabella , Rossi Giuseppe , Del Sarto Simone , Scattina Ilaria , Di Bello Vitantonio , Martino Enio , Bogazzi Fausto 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveControl of acromegaly may ameliorate blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive (HT) patients. We evaluated the impact of acromegaly control on BP values of normotensive (NT) acromegalics.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsFifty‐eight naïve patients with acromegaly (39 F; age range, 30–69 years), including 28 NT and 30 HT subjects, participated in the study.MeasurementsBlood pressure was measured by clinical measurement and 24‐h ambulatory monitoring at diagnosis and after 24 months of medical therapy for acromegaly.ResultsAcromegaly was controlled by medical therapy in 15 NT and 17 HT patients at 24 months. In the NT group, systolic (SBP) or diastolic (DBP) BP significantly increased (all P < 0·005) when acromegaly was uncontrolled, but did not change when the disease was controlled. Changes in SBP and DBP were also significantly different between uncontrolled and controlled NT patients. At 24 months, clinical hypertension was detected only in uncontrolled NT patients (46% vs 0%, P < 0·001), whereas ambulatory hypertension was found in 38% of uncontrolled and in 7% of controlled NT subjects (P = 0·035). In the HT group, ambulatory SBP increased in patients with uncontrolled acromegaly (24‐h SBP P = 0·046, day SBP P = 0·005, night SBP P = 0·005), whereas ambulatory DBP decreased in subjects with controlled disease (24‐h DBP P = 0·008, day DBP P = 0·026).ConclusionsControl of acromegaly has a beneficial effect on BP regulation either in HT or NT subjects; in the latter, it may prevent progression towards hypertension.
Global Trade in Exotic Pets 2006–2012
Authors: BUSH EMMA R. , BAKER SANDRA E. , MACDONALD DAVID W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInternational trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss and often compromises the standards required for good animal welfare. We systematically reviewed the scientific and gray literature and used the United Nations Environment Programme ‐ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP‐WCMC) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade database to establish temporal and geographical trade patterns of live exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles and to describe trends in research, taxonomic representation, and level of threat and legal protection of species traded. Birds were the most species‐rich and abundant class reported in trade; reptiles were second most abundant but unusually the most studied in this context; and mammals were least abundant in trade. Mammalian and reptilian species traded as pets were more likely to be threatened than expected by random. There have been a substantial number of Appendix I listed captive‐bred mammals and birds and wild‐caught birds and reptiles reported in trade to CITES. We identified the Middle East's emerging role as a driver of demand for exotic pets of all taxa alongside the well‐established and increasing role of South America and Southeast Asia in the market. Europe, North America, and the Middle East featured most heavily in trade reports to CITES, whereas trade involving South America and Southeast Asia were given most emphasis in the literature. For effective monitoring of and appropriate response to the international exotic pet trade, it is imperative that the reliability and detail of CITES trade reports improve and that scientific research be directed toward those taxa and locations that are most vulnerable.El Mercado Global de Mascotas Exóticas 2006‐2012
The Biogeography of Globally Threatened Seabirds and Island Conservation Opportunities
Authors: SPATZ DENA R. , NEWTON KELLY M. , HEINZ REINA , TERSHY BERNIE , HOLMES NICK D. , BUTCHART STUART H. M. , CROLL DONALD A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSeabirds are the most threatened group of marine animals; 29% of species are at some risk of extinction. Significant threats to seabirds occur on islands where they breed, but in many cases, effective island conservation can mitigate these threats. To guide island‐based seabird conservation actions, we identified all islands with extant or extirpated populations of the 98 globally threatened seabird species, as recognized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, and quantified the presence of threatening invasive species, protected areas, and human populations. We matched these results with island attributes to highlight feasible island conservation opportunities. We identified 1362 threatened breeding seabird populations on 968 islands. On 803 (83%) of these islands, we identified threatening invasive species (20%), incomplete protected area coverage (23%), or both (40%). Most islands with threatened seabirds are amenable to island‐wide conservation action because they are small (57% were <1 km2), uninhabited (74%), and occur in high‐ or middle‐income countries (96%). Collectively these attributes make islands with threatened seabirds a rare opportunity for effective conservation at scale.La Biogeografía de Aves Marinas Amenazadas Globalmente y las Oportunidades de Conservación en Islas
Archaeological Evidence of Validity of Fish Populations on Unexploited Reefs as Proxy Targets for Modern Populations
Authors: LONGENECKER KEN , CHAN YVONNE L. , TOONEN ROBERT J. , CARLON DAVID B. , HUNT TERRY L. , FRIEDLANDER ALAN M. , DEMARTINI EDWARD E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReef‐fish management and conservation is hindered by a lack of information on fish populations prior to large‐scale contemporary human impacts. As a result, relatively pristine sites are often used as conservation baselines for populations near sites affected by humans. This space‐for‐time approach can only be validated by sampling assemblages through time. We used archaeological remains to evaluate whether the remote, uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) might provide a reasonable proxy for a lightly exploited baseline in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). We used molecular and morphological techniques to describe the taxonomic and size composition of the scarine parrotfish catches present in 2 archaeological assemblages from the MHI, compared metrics of these catches with modern estimates of reproductive parameters to evaluate whether catches represented by the archaeological material were consistent with sustainable fishing, and evaluated overlap between size structures represented by the archaeological material and modern survey data from the MHI and the NWHI to assess whether a space‐for‐time substitution is reasonable. The parrotfish catches represented by archaeological remains were consistent with sustainable fishing because they were dominated by large, mature individuals whose average size remained stable from prehistoric (AD approximately 1400–1700) through historic (AD 1700–1960) periods. The ancient catches were unlike populations in the MHI today. Overlap between the size structure of ancient MHI catches and modern survey data from the NWHI or the MHI was an order of magnitude greater for the NWHI comparison, a result that supports the validity of using the NWHI parrotfish data as a proxy for the MHI before accelerated, heavy human impacts in modern times.Evidencia Arqueológica de la Validez de Poblaciones de Peces en Arrecifes Sin Explotar como Objetivos de Apoderamiento para Poblaciones Actuales
Quercetin ameliorates tunicamycin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells
Authors: Suganya N. , Bhakkiyalakshmi E. , Suriyanarayanan S. , Paulmurugan R. , Ramkumar K. M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveEndothelial dysfunction highlights that it is a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of vascular complications arising from endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and has been emerging as a main causative factor in vascular failure. Here, we hypothesize that the natural flavonoid, quercetin plays an effective role in reducing ER stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Materials and methodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells were pre‐treated with different concentrations of quercetin (0–100 μm) before inducing ER stress using tunicamycin (TUN) (0.75 μg/ml); cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay. Expression levels of ER stress responsive genes, antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic markers were assessed by qRT‐PCR, while roles of caspase‐3 and PARP cleavage were measured by western blot analysis.ResultsQuercetin pre‐treatment at 25 and 50 μm had a cytoprotective effect on cells against TUN‐induced toxicity. Quercetin administration modulated expression level of ER stress genes coding for glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP), and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, along with free radical generation assessed by malondialdehyde assay. Induction of apoptosis was prevented with reduction in expression level of Bax, and concomitant increase in Bcl‐2 levels, thus proving its potential against ER stress.ConclusionThe current study indicates that quercetin modulated stress responsive genes GRP78 and CHOP, helping endothelial cells prevent TUN‐induced ER stress.
Double‐Outlet Right Atrium Associated with Hypoplastic Right Heart Structures and Aortic Stenosis: Echocardiographic Features
Authors: Thankavel Poonam Punjwani , Gabbert Barry , Ramaciotti Claudio 
Published: March 2014

Mini‐AbstractDouble‐outlet right atrium, also known as straddling tricuspid valve without a ventricular septal defect, is an extremely rare congenital cardiac anomaly, in which the tricuspid valve has 2 ostia. We describe an infant with this finding in association with hypoplastic right heart structures and a dysplastic aortic valve.
Right Ventricular Isovolumic Acceleration in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Cetiner Mehmet Ali , Sayin Muhammet Rasit , Yildirim Nesligul , Karabag Turgut , Dogan Sait Mesut , Kucuk Emrah , Aydin Mustafa 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveIn this study, we examined the role of isovolumic acceleration (IVA) measured with right ventricle (RV) tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) to predict the presence of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) in hemodynamically stable patients with clinical suspicion of APE.Materials and MethodThis study included 25 hemodynamically stable (systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg) patients diagnosed with APE for the first time. Twenty‐five subjects with similar demographic characteristics in whom APE was excluded due to preexisting clinical suspicion were also enrolled as the control group. All control group subjects were enrolled after proved to have no evidence of APE on imaging. Both groups were compared with respect to RV‐IVA measured with TDI in addition to conventional echocardiographic parameters.ResultsAmong the echocardiography parameters, only RV‐IVA was impaired in patients with hemodynamically stable APE compared to controls (2.85 [1.37–6.42] m/sec2 vs. 3.32 [2.24–6.52] m/sec2, respectively; P = 0.02). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the RV‐IVA value to predict clinically suspected APE. A cutoff level of 3.22 m/sec2 had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 60%; a cutoff level of 3.17 m/sec2 had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 64%; and a cutoff level of 3.10 m/sec2 had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 64% (ROC area under curve: 0.691, 95% CI: 0.543–0.839, P = 0.02).ConclusionResults of our study suggest that RV‐IVA may be a useful parameter to detect subtle alterations in RV and may predict the presence of APE in hemodynamically stable patients.