bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of couples undergoing intrauterine insemination at the BioART Fertility Centre, Johannesburg
Authors: Feti Mulema Noel , Adam Yasmin , Mohamed Tasneem 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To describe couples who underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) and determine predictors of successful IUI in low and middle-income countries.

Background:
Assisted reproductive technology is still largely unavailable or inaccessible in most low and middle-income countries. IUI, which consists of the deposition of processed sperm from the partner or donor into the cavity of the uterus around ovulation time, is one of the oldest methods used and is still widely practiced to this day.

Methods:
A retrospective descriptive study was done at the BioArt Fertility Centre from January 2019 to June 2021. In total, 451 IUI cycles were analyzed in 273 couples. The main outcome measure was a clinical pregnancy on transvaginal ultrasound 4 weeks post-IUI. Multivariate logistic regression was done to find predictors of successful IUI.

Results:
The mean male age was 37.15 years (SD ± 5.16), with most male participants having a processed total motile sperm count (PTMSC) of >39×106/mL. The mean female age was 33.51 years (SD ± 4.83). The main etiology of infertility was ovulatory dysfunction (37.7%). The clinical pregnancy rate and the live birth rate per cycle were 12.4% and 11.9%, respectively, for a cumulative pregnancy rate of 21.6% for couples that underwent 3 cycles. The PTMSC, female age, duration of infertility, and follicle size were directly correlated with an increased pregnancy rate (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
IUI is an effective choice of therapy for infertility in selected couples, achieving acceptable pregnancy rates for up to 3 treatment cycles, especially in females <40 years with <5 years duration of infertility, and in males with a PTMSC of >39×106/mL.
A functional genomic framework to elucidate novel causal metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease genes
Authors: Saliba-Gustafsson Peter , Justesen Johanne M. , Ranta Amanda , Sharma Disha , Bielczyk-Maczynska Ewa , Li Jiehan , Najmi Laeya A. , Apodaka Maider , Aspichueta Patricia , Björck Hanna M. , Eriksson Per , Schurr Theresia M. , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Gloudemans Mike , Mujica Endrina , den Hoed Marcel , Assimes Themistocles L. , Quertermous Thomas , Carcamo-Orive Ivan , Park Chong Y. , Knowles Joshua W. 
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver pathology in western countries, with serious public health consequences. Efforts to identify causal genes for MASLD have been hampered by the relative paucity of human data from gold standard magnetic resonance quantification of hepatic fat. To overcome insufficient sample size, genome-wide association studies using MASLD surrogate phenotypes have been used, but only a small number of loci have been identified to date. In this study, we combined genome-wide association studies of MASLD composite surrogate phenotypes with genetic colocalization studies followed by functional in vitro screens to identify bona fide causal genes for MASLD.Approach and Results:We used the UK Biobank to explore the associations of our novel MASLD score, and genetic colocalization to prioritize putative causal genes for in vitro validation. We created a functional genomic framework to study MASLD genes in vitro using CRISPRi. Our data identifyVKORC1,TNKS,LYPLAL1, andGPAMas regulators of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and suggest the involvement ofVKORC1in the lipid storage related to the development of MASLD.Conclusions:Complementary genetic and genomic approaches are useful for the identification of MASLD genes. Our data supportsVKORC1as a bona fide MASLD gene. We have established a functional genomic framework to study at scale putative novel MASLD genes from human genetic association studies.
An Occupational Health Literacy Intervention in Nursing Homes Improved Organizational Health Literacy—A Quasi-Experimental Stepped Wedge Cluster Trial
Authors: Larsen Anne Konring , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Nyvang Stilling Mia , Rasmussen Charlotte Diana Nørregaard , Osborne Richard H. , Jørgensen Marie Birk 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study examined the effectiveness of a workplace health literacy intervention on individual, interpersonal, and organizational health literacy.

Method
Using a quasi-experimental stepped wedge cluster design, we evaluated an intervention for 509 nursing home employees with two elements: 1) courses for employees and management on pain prevention, management, and communication and 2) structured dialogues between employees and supervisors, emphasizing pain prevention.

Results
One organizational health literacy item improved, with supervisors helping with pain prevention increasing by 0.42 points (95% CI 0.11;0.73). Positive trends were observed in supervisor actions when informed about pain (0.39 points, 95% CI −0.09;0.86), ease of finding workplace pain solutions (0.12 points, 95% CI −0.03;0.79), and employees having pain management information (0.44 points, 95% CI −0.03;0.92).

Conclusion
The intervention improved one organizational health literacy item, with positive trends in three other items.
Toxicant Exposures and Health Symptoms in Military Pesticide Applicators From the 1991 Gulf War
Authors: Krengel Maxine , Sullivan Kimberly , Zundel Clara G. , Keating Dylan , Orlinsky Leah , Bradford William , Stone Callie , Thompson Terri-Ann , Heeren Timothy , White Roberta F. 
Published: August 2024

Objective
The chronic impact of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and other toxicants on Gulf War (GW) veterans’ health symptoms is unclear.

Methods
Building on reports of adverse neuropsychological outcomes in GW pesticide applicators exposed to pesticides and pyridostigmine bromide, we now report on health symptoms in this group.

Results
In adjusted analyses, applicators with high exposures/impact to pesticides reported significantly more symptoms (18/34 symptoms) than applicators with lower exposures/impact and were more likely to meet modified Kansas and CDC Gulf War Illness criteria. The high pyridostigmine bromide exposure/impact group was 3 times more likely to report irregular heart rates. With regard to specific pesticide types, fly baits, pest strips, and delousers were the most associated with increased health symptom reporting.

Conclusions
These results suggest that GW veterans with high acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and organochlorine exposures are most at risk for chronic health symptoms.
Clinical features and surgical strategy of retroperitoneal liposarcoma involving the kidney capsule: a retrospective comparative cohort study
Authors: Li Yiyuan , Zhao Jichun , Huang Bin , Guo Qiang 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Valid and generalizable data on the clinical features and surgical strategies for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (LPS) involving the kidney capsule remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival of patients with retroperitoneal LPS involving the kidney capsule.

Methods:
The authors analyzed a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent surgical resection for retroperitoneal LPS between 2015 and 2020. The patients were categorized into kidney capsule or no kidney capsule groups based on the presence or absence of kidney capsule involvement. A kidney-sparing strategy for retroperitoneal LPS involving the kidney capsule was developed. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). The cumulative event probability curve was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier, and differences between groups using the Log-Rank.

Results:
The study population consisted of 128 patients—54 with and 74 without kidney capsule involvement. Of these patients, 70 were female (54.7%) and 58 were male (45.3%), with a median age of 55. The median follow-up duration was 35 months. Postoperative morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, OS, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) did not differ significantly between the groups. Eleven patients developed postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), and one patient required dialysis during the follow-up period. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only nephrectomy was independently associated with postoperative AKI. Subgroup analysis of patients with kidney capsule involvement showed that nephrectomy did not improve OS or RFS but significantly decreased postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusion:
Nephrectomy was associated with an increased risk of postoperative AKI after retroperitoneal LPS resection. A kidney-sparing strategy for retroperitoneal LPS involving the kidney capsule achieved optimal clinical outcomes.
Burden and predictors of thirty-day readmission in patients with NSTEMI: a retrospective analysis of the 2020 NRD database
Authors: Jha Anil , Patel Palak , Krishnan Anand M. , Sherif Akil A. , Mishra Ajay K. , Mohamed Ahmed , Thirupathy Umabalan , Bhattad Pradnya B. , Roumia Mazen 
Published: August 2024

Background
Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is an entity which was defined as a type of a coronary syndrome with positive cardiac biomarker of myocardial necrosis with no ST-segment elevation in ECG. Currently, the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) Hospital readmission reduction program assistance risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates for five major clinical entities which includes acute myocardial infarction.

Methods
We performed this retrospective study to look into the current burden and predictors of NSTEMI readmission. Data were obtained from the Nationwide Readmission Database for the year 2020. We analyzed data on hospital readmission of 336 620 adults who were admitted for NSTEMI.

Results
The 30-day readmission rate was 13.5% with NSTEMI being the most common cause of readmission. Mortality was higher in readmitted patients compared to index admission (5.4 vs 3.6%, P = 0.000). Higher risk of readmission was associated with female sex, higher Charlson comorbidity index, and longer length of stay. Lower risk of admission was seen in patients from smaller communities, patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and discharged to rehabilitation facilities.

Conclusion
Although we found an improvement in readmission rates compared to prior studies, about 13% of patients continue to get readmitted within 30 days causing significant cost to the healthcare system and often these patients have worse outcomes. We need continuing large-scale studies to identify quality measures to prevent readmission, improve mortality during readmission, and make better use of financial resources.
Sex differences in sleep and sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Schwarz Esther I. , Schiza Sophia 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
There is increasing evidence for relevant sex differences in pathophysiology, symptom presentation and outcomes in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, research on sex differences and sex-specific phenotypes in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is still in its infancy and data on sex differences in other SDB is still very scarce.

Recent findings
While OSA is more common in men than in premenopausal women, the prevalence of OSA doubles postmenopausally and becomes comparable to that of men. Women have a lower collapsibility of the upper airway and a lower arousal threshold. In addition, the rapid eye movement (REM)-apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) is typically higher in women than in men, but the non-REM-AHI and thus the total AHI is often lower. Women are often symptomatic at lower AHI and present more frequently with symptoms of sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality. Both certain forms of OSA (e.g. REM-OSA) and certain phenotypes (e.g. COMISA) are more common in women. Men have a higher risk of high loop gain central sleep apnoea.

Summary
For a better understanding of sex-typical phenotypes with the aim of a more targeted treatment approach of SDB, adequately powered studies on sex differences in SDB should be conducted.
Predictors and markers of the cardiovascular impact of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Dodani Krish , Pinilla Lucía , Sánchez-de-la-Torre Manuel 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing and has been linked to cardiovascular health. However, some of the findings supporting this are controversial. These discrepancies might be a result of heterogeneity among OSA patients, and thus, additional information would be required to better stratify OSA patients according to cardiovascular risk. In this review, we aim to discuss the potential of biomarkers to fulfil this role.

Recent findings
Randomized controlled trials have been unable to confirm whether OSA treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has a positive effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Emerging physiology-based metrics of OSA seem to be more suitable for identifying patients at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and predicting the effects of CPAP outcomes on cardiovascular health. Similarly, blood-based molecular markers have gained attention in this context over the last few years.

Summary
Accurate cardiovascular risk stratification and appropriate treatment allocation for OSA patients remain challenging. However, significant efforts are being made to develop novel tools to address these important issues.
Comparison of eye drop retention time using fluorophotometry in three commercially available lubricant eye drops
Authors: Jia Tianni , Stapleton Fiona , Iqbal Fatima , Showyin Jared , Roy Dibyendu , Roy Maitreyee , Tan Jacqueline 
Published: August 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
This is the first study to evaluate the retention time of lubricating eye drops containing various concentrations of sodium hyaluronate using fluorophotometry in a symptomatic dry eye population. Information regarding eye drop retention may be useful for eye care practitioners to assist in the selection of more effective treatments for managing dry eye.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to use fluorophotometry to compare retention time on the ocular surface of three commercially available lubricating eye drops, each containing varying concentrations of sodium hyaluronic acid (HA), and their effects on tear film stability post-instillation in a population with symptoms of dry eye.

METHODS
Adults with symptoms of dry eye (Ocular Surface Disease Index score, >12) were enrolled in this prospective, double-masked comparison of eye drops containing 0.15% HA–hydroxypropyl guar (HPGuar), 0.2% HA, and 0.1% HA. Participants were randomized to the eye drop order and the study eye under evaluation. Each eye drop was admixed with a fluorescent tracer (70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran) at 10% wt/vol, and 10 μL volume was instilled for each evaluation. A fluorophotometer was used to measure the time for the tracer signal to return to baseline. Fluorescein tear breakup time was measured following fluorophotometry assessment.

RESULTS
Retention time for 0.15% HA-HPGuar and 0.2% HA was significantly longer compared with 0.1% HA (p=0.02 and p=0.03). Fluorescein tear breakup time was significantly longer for the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop compared with both the 0.1% HA eye drop (p=0.01) and 0.2% HA eye drop (p=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Retention time on the ocular surface of the two eye drops containing higher concentrations of HA was longer than the eye drop with the lowest concentration of HA. The tear film was also more stable with the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop compared with the eye drops containing HA alone, which may be attributable to the other components in the 0.15% HA-HPGuar eye drop.
The Relationship Between Work Environment and Missed Nursing Care in Nurses: The Moderator Role of Profession Self-Efficacy
Authors: Çiriş Yildiz Cennet , Değirmenci Öz Seda , Yilmaz Kuşakli Berra , Korkmaz Irem 
Published: August 2024

Aims
This study aimed to examine the relationship between work environment and missed nursing care (MNC) in nurses and determine whether profession self-efficacy has a moderator role in this relationship.

Design
A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study design was used to test the study model.

Methods
The study was conducted with 433 nurses in 2 city hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected between November 2022 and February 2023 using the “MISSCARE Survey-Turkish,” the “Work Environment Scale,” and the “Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale.”

Results
The participants had a mean Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale score of 66.67 ± 14.37, a mean Work Environment Scale score of 84.96 ± 13.62, a mean elements of MNC score of 1.30 ± 0.73, and a mean reason for MNC score of 3.18 ± 0.78. Nursing profession self-efficacy was determined to be positively related to the work environment of the participants and their reasons for MNC (respectively, r = 0.276 and r = 0.114) and negatively related to elements of MNC (r = −0.216) (P < 0.05). There was also a negative relationship between the work environment and elements of MNC (r = −0.249; P < 0.05). Profession self-efficacy had a significant moderator role in the relationship between the work environment and elements of MNC. Having low or moderate levels of profession self-efficacy moderated the negative effects of the work environment on elements of MNC.

Conclusions
There is a need for interventions to reduce elements of missed nursing care in nurses. Especially nurses and/or nurse managers may have difficulties in improving their work environment, considering its multifaceted structure. In such cases, administrators can reduce missed nursing care by increasing the profession self-efficacy of nurses. Therefore, profession self-efficacy should be considered in addition to interventions for the work environment to improve care.
Assessing Between- and Within-Hospital Differences in Patient Safety Between Medicaid and Privately Insured Hospital Patients
Authors: Gangopadhyaya Anuj 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The aims of the study are to investigate differences in rates of adverse safety events between nonelderly adult patients with Medicaid and those with private insurance and to assess whether differences are driven by differences in access to quality hospitals or differences in the quality of care delivered within hospitals.

Data source
Inpatient records from 26 states in 2017 were collected from the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality’s Hospital Cost and Utilization Project.

Study Design
This study measures differences in 11 patient safety indicators between patients with Medicaid coverage and patients with private insurance coverage. I use regression analysis to investigate differences in adverse safety events within hospitals. I further establish hospital-level quality based on overall rates of adverse safety events and use regression analysis to evaluate the difference in the probability of admission to high-quality hospitals.

Data Collection/Extraction
This study uses hospital discharge data that is restricted to adults ages 19–64 with Medicaid or private coverage.

Principal Findings
Relative to privately insured patients, Medicaid patients had significantly higher rates of adverse safety events on 8 of 11 patient safety indicators, including on 6 of 7 surgery-related patient safety indicators. Medicaid patients experience respiratory failure and sepsis infections at rates that are 2.9 and 2.5 cases per 1000 greater than rates experienced by privately insured patients. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, patient diagnostic classifications and comorbidities, and geographic factors, 6 of 11 differences in patient safety indicators remained large and statistically significant. These differences were unchanged when further including hospital indicators, indicating that Medicaid and privately insured patients receive different quality of care within hospitals. There is little association between overall hospital quality and differences in the probability of admission between Medicaid and privately covered patients.

Conclusions
Medicaid patients received lower quality of care, based on patient safety metrics, relative to privately insured patients within the same hospitals. Reducing payer disparities in adverse safety events requires reforming staffing and treatment patterns for Medicaid and privately insured patients within hospitals.

Study Date and Location
Analysis for this study was conducted in 2023 at the Urban Institute and at Loyola University Chicago.
Reverse Encoding Distortion Correction for Clinical Head Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted MRI: Initial Experience
Authors: Kashiwagi Nobuo , Sakai Mio , Nakamoto Atushi , Takahashi Hiroto , Isogawa Yuka , Suzuki Yuki , Yamada Sawaka , Tomiyama Miyuki , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the recently commercialized reverse encoding distortion correction (RDC) method for echo-planar imaging (EPI) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by applying clinical head MRI.

Methods
This study included 50 consecutive patients who underwent head MRI, including single-shot (SS) EPI DWI and RDC-EPI DWI. For evaluation of normal structures, qualitative scores for image distortion, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) values, distortion ratios, and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were assessed in the pons, temporal lobe at the skull base, and frontal lobe at the level of the lateral ventricles in 30 patients. To evaluate pathologies, qualitative scores for image distortion were assessed for 25 intracranial and 21 extracranial pathologies identified in 32 patients.

Results
Qualitative scores for image distortion, DSC values, distortion ratios, and mean ADC values of the pons and temporal lobe were significantly different between SS-EPI DWI and RDC-EPI DWI, whereas those of the frontal lobe at the level of the lateral ventricles were not significantly different between the 2 DWIs. The qualitative scores for image distortion and mean ADC values of extracranial pathologies were significantly different between the DWIs, whereas those of intracranial pathologies were not significantly different.

Conclusions
RDC-EPI DWI significantly reduced image distortion and showed higher mean ADC values of the brain parenchyma in the skull base and extracranial pathologies.