bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Protein Associated with Prodigiosin Formation in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Kobayashi Nobuharu , Ichikawa Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA protein associated to prodigiosin formation was found in Serratia marcescens. The protein was not found in nonpigmented strains and was correlated with the pigment level. The protein was about 100 kilodaltons (kDa) and was also found in nonpigmented bacteria of the pigmented strain grown in glucose medium, at high temperature, or under anaerobic condition. The 100 kDa protein was found not in the outer membrane and the periplasm, but in the inner membrane and/or the cytoplasm. The protein was also found singly or dominantly in pigment‐protein complexes and pigment‐localizing vesicles described in previous reports. These results suggest that the 100 kDa protein is associated with prodigiosin formation.
In vivo Influence of the Anti‐B220 Monoclonal Antibody Administration on the T Cell Differentiation in Mice
Authors: Assensi Victor , Himeno Kunisuke , Kawamura Ikuo , Sakumoto Misao , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractB220, a pan‐B marker, is known to be also expressed on immature T cells of MRL/1pr or other congenic 1pr mice and minor population of immature thymocytes but not on peripheral T cells. In this study, we investigated in vivo the possibility whether B220 is one kind of premature T or prethymic T precursor cell marker as well as a pan‐B cell marker. A monoclonal antibody against B220 glycoprotein was intravenously injected every 2 days into various strains of mice. After the third administration of this antibody, thymocytes decreased remarkably compared with those from the rat IgG‐treated group, and spleen cells were also reduced significantly. Further, the number of cells expressing Thy‐1, Ly‐1, Lyt‐2, and asialo GM1 (asGM1) in the spleen were significantly reduced. On the contrary, the number of cells expressing surface IgM (sIgM) or B220 were increased by this treatment, especially after the 8th treatment. Some T‐dependent immunological functions including mitogenic responses to lectins and cytotoxic T cell activity were markedly suppressed but mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and natural killer (NK) activity were rather augmented. Thus, B220 may be expressed on some kinds of T cell progenitor. Taken together, in vivo treatment with anti‐B220 antibody may influence differentiating stages of some T cells from bone marrow progenitors before or just after their homing into the thymus.
Protective Effect of N‐Acetyl Chitohexaose on Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Mice
Authors: Tokoro Akio , Kobayashi Makiko , Tatewaki Nobuhiko , Suzuki Ko , Okawa Yoshio , Mikami Takeshi , Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA water‐soluble oligosaccharide, N‐acetyl chitohexaose (NACOS‐6) was able to enhance the protecting effect of BALB/c male mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection, when administered intraperitoneally 24 hr before the challenge with this microbe. Significant decrease in number of microbes within the peritoneal cavity, spleen, and liver from the mice of NACOS‐6‐administered group was not observed 1 day after the infection but 4 days after the infection. Administration of NACOS‐6 enhanced the delayed‐type hypersensitivity response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or heat‐killed L. monocytogenes. Splenic T lymphocytes from mice administered NACOS‐6 released macrophage activating factor (MAF). These results suggested that NACOS‐6 was also able to elevate the function of cellular immunity. Macrophages treated with a combination of NACOS‐6 and the culture supernatant of splenic T lymphocytes from mice administered NACOS‐6, “NACOS‐6 sup,” were found to exert a fairly strong growth‐inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes. Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin 2 (IL‐2) were able to enhance the growth‐inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes by the NACOS‐6‐treated macrophages.
Binding of F41 and K99 Fimbriae of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to Glycoproteins from Bovine and Porcine Colostrum
Authors: Lindahl Mats 
Published: November 2013

AbstractF41 and K99 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were found to bind to periodate‐sensitive oligosaccharides of glycoproteins from bovine and porcine colostrum. Only a minor component of casein fractions (κ‐casein) possessed receptors for one type of fimbriae (K99). Both whey and fat globule membranes were rich in glycoproteins with receptor structures. Porcine colostrum seemed to contain a higher quantity of receptors than bovine colostrum.
Plasmid Profiles of Mycobacterium avium Complex Isolated from Swine
Authors: Masaki Shunichiro , Konishi Takao , Sugimori Giichi , Okamoto Atuko , Hayashi Yoshiyuki , Kuze Fumiyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwenty strains of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolated from swine and five strains from humans were examined for drug susceptibility and plasmid content. Four strains of swine origin and two strains of human origin harbored plasmid DNAs differing in molecular weights. No relationship between plasmid contents and drug resistance was observed. Southern DNA‐DNA hybridization showed that small plasmids from swine MAC strains were homologous to those from human origin at the nucleotide level.
Protection of OK‐432, a Streptococcus pyogenes Preparation, against Lethal Infection of Mice with Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Harada Yusuke , Kurokawa Eri , Endo Hisao , Kimura Takao , Saito Motoo , Sugawara Yutaka , Irie Hiroshi , Ito Kyogo , Fujii Masahiko , Shimizu Yoshinobu , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have studied the protective effect of OK‐432, a biological response modifier (BRM) of Streptococcus pyogenes origin, on the lethal infection of mice with herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of more than 10 μg of OK‐432, when given at least two days before the infection, gave a marked effect yielding nearly 100% protection against ordinarily lethal infection. The protection was independent of the amount of infected virus inoculated. When given after the infection, the agent even at the maximal dose (100 μg), produced only a marginal effect. A single i.p. administration of OK‐432 augmented the natural killer (NK) activity of peritoneal exudate cells and spleen mononuclear cells in mice 2 to 3 days after injection of OK‐432, coinciding with the times when it induced a survival effect on HSV‐infection. Treating OK‐432‐treated mice with a combination of an anti‐macrophage agent, silica, and an anti‐NK cell agent, anti‐asialo GM1 serum, before infection diminished the antiviral effect of OK‐432. The OK‐432 protection against HSV infection was also markedly diminished in athymic nude mice. Thus, the protective effect of OK‐432 on lethal HSV infection seems to be based on the activation of NK cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes.
Specific Immunoglobulin Response in Mice Immunized with Porins and Challenged with Salmonella typhi
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Ganguly Nirmal Kumar , Sharma Bal Krishan , Sharma Saroj , Sehgal Rakesh 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpecific antiporin antibody (IgG, IgM, and IgA) response was studied in control, infected, immunized‐infected, and immunized mice. The activity of specific IgG immunoglobulins was found to be the highest in immunized and immunized‐infected groups in which 87.5% protection had been observed by laboratory potency test in mice; the next‐highest activities were those of IgM and IgA immunoglobulins. However, in the infected group the activity of specific IgM and IgG immunoglobulins was almost similar.
Characterization and Deposition of the Proteins in the Outermost Layer of Bacillus megaterium Spore
Authors: Takubo Yoshihiro , Okuda Masayuki , Takemura Isao , Haruna Fumiyo , Sawatari Akiko , Nishihara Tsutomu , Kondo Masaomi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt was proved that three spore coat proteins of 48, 36, and 22 kDa (P48, P36, and P22) were the components of the outermost layer (OL) of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 spore by analysis of the isolated OL. And it was indicated that these proteins were deposited not by disulfide bond, but by ionic and/or hydrophobic bonds on the spore. Among them, P36 and P22 were expected to be located on the very surface of the spore by immunological analysis. In the OL deficient mutant of B. megaterium ATCC 12872, MAE05, whose spore was lacking in these OL proteins and galactosamine‐6‐phosphate polymer, both P36 and P22 were present in the mother cell cytoplasm and deposited on the forespores, but they disappeared with the lysis of mother cells. An OL protein‐releasing factor having proteolytic activity was detected in the culture supernatant at the late sporulating stage of both the wild‐type and the mutant strains. But the factor could not act on the proteins of the mature spores and the forespores at t10 (tn indicates n hr after the end of exponential growth) of the wild‐type strain. Moreover, P36 and P22 were found in the spores of a revertant of MAE05 which could form galactosamine‐6‐phosphate polymer, suggesting that this sugar polymer played the role in protecting the OL proteins against the protease‐like substance after the deposition.
Isolation and Characterization of Cytoplasmic Fibrils from Treponemes
Authors: Masuda Kuniyoshi , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractElectron microscopy of Triton X‐100‐treated whole cells of an oral treponeme, Treponema sp. strain E‐21, revealed that six cytoplasmic fibrils (CFs) helically wound as a bundle in the cytoplasm. The CFs were isolated and purified by disruption and solubilization of the cells followed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. The purified CF preparation contained mostly fibrils of about 9 nm in width and very small amounts of thinner strands of about 3 nm in diameter. The CFs were apparently seen to be a tubular structure, but the isolated CFs had narrowed sites of about 4–5 nm in width lacking lumen‐like images, possibly representing twisted sites. Thus, the CF did not seem to be a tubular structure. The purified CFs were composed of one major 82 kDa protein and a few minor proteins. The CFs were destructed by treatment with proteases, 8 m urea or 4 m guanidine hydrochloride. Very low tyrosine content (0.76 mol %) and lack of methionine were characteristic features for the 82 kDa protein. The CF preparations from the other five treponemes including Treponema phagedenis and T. denticola also had 82 kDa proteins as a major component, and the 82 kDa proteins of all of the treponemes had a common antigen when examined by using antiserum against the 82 kDa protein from Treponema sp. strain E‐21. Furthermore, the 82 kDa protein was demonstrated to be a principal component of the CFs of all the treponemes by immunoelectron microscopy.
Sugar Composition of the Polysaccharide Portion of Lipopolysaccharides Isolated from Non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae O2 to O41, O44, and O68
Authors: Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe sugar composition of the polysaccharide portion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was determined for 42 serovars of non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae, i.e., from serogroups O2 to O41, O44, and O68. On the basis of their compositional sugar pattern, they were classified into 24 chemotypes. 2‐Keto‐3‐deoxyoctonate (KDO) was totally undetectable by the conventional color test (Weissbach's reaction) under the conventional hydrolysis conditions. Instead, a kind of KDO‐like substance, which was positive in the reaction but not identical to KDO, was found in serogroup O19. Fructose, a characteristic sugar constituent of O1 V. cholerae LPS, was found in 33 serogroups but was absent from nine serogroups, approximately 20% of the members of this group so far examined.
Acetylcholine Inhibition of Escherichia coli Chemotaxis for Aspartate
Authors: Shinozawa Takao , Fukunaga Shinya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThough acetylcholin per se was not attractant or repellent for Escherichia coli, it was found that acetylcholine inhibits the chemotaxis of the bacteria for aspartate. The inhibition appeared at 10−5 m of acetylcholine and at 10−2 m the inhibition reached 50%.
Demonstration of a Surface Antigen of Clostridium tyrobutyricum by Use of Immunoblotting with a Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Gueguen Françoise , Robreau Georges , Talbot Françoise , Malcoste Roger 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA monoclonal antibody, prepared against whole cells of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, recognized a surface antigen extracted by heat treatment or by hot phenol‐water treatment. This antigen, after analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, has been shown to present a regularly‐spaced ladder pattern similar to those shown by the lipopolysaccharide of many gram‐negative bacteria. The proteinase K has been shown to have no effect on the recognition of this epitope by the monoclonal antibody. On the contrary, the inhibition of the antigen reactivity to the monoclonal antibody after a mild periodate oxidation suggests the involvement of a carbohydrate moiety in the epitope. Moreover, the SDS‐PAGE analysis of phenol‐water extracts has shown an additional compound, detected by silver staining but not recognized by the monoclonal antibody.
Cell Surface of a Tetrads‐Forming Mutant of Micrococcus luteus: Chemical Treatment of the Cells and Teichuronic Acids on the Surface
Authors: Monodane Toshihiko , Tokunaga Michiko , Torii Mitsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTetrads‐forming mutant MT cells of Micrococcus luteus, both treated with chemical reagents and non‐treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The agglutinability of the cells with antiserum containing anti‐teichuronic acid antibody was examined. The binding of protein A‐gold particles to the cells, mediated with the antiserum, was also observed with SEM. A tetrad surface, not surface of each of four “unit monococci” constituting a tetrad, consisted of two or three smooth areas with borders. The difference in the surface features between M. luteus wild‐type IFO 3333 (Monodane et al, Microbiol. Immunol. 33: 165–174, 1989) and the mutant MT cells is discussed.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Serotype 9 Human Rotavirus Strain
Authors: Nakagomi Toyoko , Ohshima Atsushi , Akatani Kaoru , Ikegami Nobuko , Katsushima Noriko , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA human rotavirus strain, designated AU32, that belongs to serotype 9 was isolated and was compared by RNA‐RNA hybridization with recently established two serotype 9 strains (WI61 and F45) as well as other prototype human strains. These three strains exhibited a very high degree of homology with one another and shared a high degree of homology with strains belonging to the Wa genogroup but not with strains belonging to either the DS‐1 or AU‐1 genogroup. These results suggest that genetic constellation of the serotype 9 strains is similar to that of the commonest human rotavirus despite the recent recognition of this serotype.
Arrest of DNA Replication of Macrophages in BCG Granuloma and Peritoneal Exudates by Bacteria
Authors: Kutsukake Hiroshi , Nagao Shigeki , Tanaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreviously we found that bacterial surface substances induced the suppression of DNA synthesis of macrophages. We examined in the present study whether DNA synthesis of macrophages could be similarly suppressed by whole bacteria themselves. For this purpose we isolated macrophages from BCG granuloma of guinea pigs and rats. The macrophages from both of the animals gave essentially the same results. No isolated macrophages containing bacilli were found to incorporate 3H‐thymidine when tested by autoradiography. Further, DNA replication of peritoneal exudate macrophages was markedly and rapidly suppressed in vitro upon phagocytosis of various kinds of bacteria but not of non‐bacterial preparations. A close correlation was found between granuloma formation and inhibition of 3H‐thymidine incorporation by MDP, its analogs, and various bacteria. These findings suggest that macrophages suppress their DNA replication when they phagocytose bacteria and that they can discriminate between bacteria and non‐bacterial preparations.
Enhancement of Cytotoxicity of Active Macrophages by Mycoplasma: Role of Mycoplasma‐Associated Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α (TNF‐α) in Macrophages
Authors: Arai Sumio , Furukawa Mayumi , Munakata Tetsuo , Kuwano Koichi , Inoue Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Teinosuke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) ‐inducing activity of several mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a causative agent in human respiratory infectious diseases, was investigated. Purified peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice markedly enhanced their cytotoxic activity to Meth A cells, when cultured with either viable or non‐viable mycoplasmas. The supernatants of the macrophage culture with mycoplasmas, M. pneumoniae and Acholeplasma laidlawii, showed the potent cytotoxic activity to TNF‐α‐sensitive L cells but not to TNF‐α‐insensitive L cells. Addition of anti‐TNF‐α antiserum inhibited completely the cytotoxic activity of these supernatants, indicating that a major part of the cytotoxic activity might be due to TNF‐α. Various other mycoplasmas, either glucose‐ or arginine‐utilizing species, as far as tested showed also the potent activity to produce TNF‐α. These results strongly suggest the possibility that mycoplasmas possess the activity of TNF‐α induction which might be responsible for a part of enhancement of cytotoxic activity of macrophages and resistance to infection with mycoplasmas in vivo.
Characteristics of Immunosuppressive Macrophages Induced in Host Spleen Cells by Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections in Mice
Authors: Tomioka Haruaki , Saito Hajime , Sato Katsumasa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe profile of generation and characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages (Mφs). which suppress the ConA‐mitogenic response of spleen cells (SPCs), in host CBA/JN mice during the course of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. tuberculosis (MT) infections were investigated. In both infections, a marked reduction in ConA mitogenic response of splenic T cells was seen around 2 weeks after infection, and this was accompanied by generation of potent immunosuppressive Mφs in the SPCs of infected mice. The suppressive activity was much stronger in MT‐infected mice than in MAC‐infected ones. In both infections, the large part of the suppressive Mφs exhibited suppressor activity that depended on the arachidonic acid cascade, particularly mediated by prostaglandins (PGs), and the remainder showed the suppressor action independent from PGs. The unique finding of this study is that the generation of IL‐2 reactive T cell populations in SPCs in response to ConA signal was markedly inhibited by the MAC‐ and MT‐induced immunosuppressive Mφs, whereas the suppressive Mφs failed to reduce the IL‐2‐producing ability of splenic T cells. In any case, the present results indicate a close similarity in immunosuppressive Mφs induced by MAC and MT infections.
Effect of N‐Acetylchitohexaose against Candida albicans Infection of Tumor‐Bearing Mice
Authors: Kobayashi Makiko , Watanabe Toshihiko , Suzuki Shigeo , Suzuki Masuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA water‐soluble oligosaccharide, N‐acetylchitohexaose (NACOS‐6), was able to enhance the protective effect against Candida albicans infection in mice during the early phase of tumor‐bearing. A significant decrease in the number of C. albicans cells in the kidneys of NACOS‐6‐treated tumor‐bearing mice was observed 8 days after the fungal infection, or 15 days after the tumor transplantation. The candidacidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from NACOS‐6‐treated tumor‐bearing mice did not differ from that of NACOS‐6‐untreated tumor‐bearing mice. On the other hand, the candidacidal activities of both macrophages and T lymphocytes increased following administration of NACOS‐6 in the early phase of tumor‐bearing. The culture supernatant of T lymphocytes from NACOS‐6‐treated tumor‐bearing mice also potentiated the candidacidal activity of casein‐induced macrophages. An enhancement of natural killer cell activity of splenic lymphocytes obtained from NACOS‐6‐treated tumor‐bearing mice was also observed.
Increased Toxin Production by Vibrio cholerae Ol during Survival with a Green Alga, Rhizoclonium fontanum, in an Artificial Aquatic Environment
Authors: Islam Mohammad Sirajul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn the aquatic environment, the physiological state of Vibrio cholerae can be affected by various environmental conditions (e.g., sunlight, pH, temperature, competition with other bacteria for nutrients, etc.). The effect of these factors on the toxigenicity of V. cholerae was investigated. Toxin production by 5 toxigenic strains of V. cholerae incubated in laboratory microcosms containing Rhizoclonium fontanum was tested at different time intervals. The microcosms were exposed to sunlight, and the V. cholerae were in competition for nutrients with the resident bacterial flora of R. fontanum. The increase or decrease in toxin production by V. cholerae recovered at different time intervals was measured by ELISA and compared with the parent strains. Results of the study demonstrated an increase in toxin production by V. cholerae Ol during survival with R. fontanum. It is concluded that various environmental conditions in the aquatic environment affect toxin production by V. cholerae.
Electron Microscopic Observation of Crystals of Escherichia coli K‐12 Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Ohta Michio , Kido Nobuo , Ito Hideo , Arakawa Yoshichika , Naito Setsuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPreviously we showed that Salmonella minnesota Re and Ra lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and Escherichia coli K‐12 LPS formed three‐dimensional crystals, either hexagonal plates or solid columns, when they were precipitated by the addition of 2 volumes of 95% ethanol containing 375 mM MgCl2 and incubated in 70% ethanol containing 250 mM MgCl2, and stored at 4 C for 10 days. Later, Escherichia coli K‐12 LPS thus treated was found to form discoid crystals as well as hexagonal plate crystals and solid column crystals. Analysis by electron diffraction of the discoid crystals from the direction perpendicular to the basal plane showed that they consisted cf hexagonal lattices with the a axis of 4.62 Å. This result was quite the same as that of the hexagonal plate crystals. Electron micrographs of the edges of the discoid crystals revealed stacked sheets of the hexagonal plate crystals. From these results it was concluded that formation of the discoid crystals results from irregular overlapping of the hexagonal plate crystals.
Serotype Analysis of Group A Human Rotavirus Related to Acute Gastroenteritis in Winter in Gifu City
Authors: Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Urasawa Shozo , Urasawa Tomoko , Taniguchi Koki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 348 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in Gifu city over three consecutive winter seasons (from November 1986 to March 1989) were examined for group A human rotavirus (HRV) by either a commercial test kit or a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA). One hundred twelve of the 173 group A HRV‐positive specimens were further subjected to serotype determination by ELISA with four serotype‐specific monoclonal antibodies to VP7 (ELISA‐serotyping). Ninety‐one specimens (81.3%) were successfully serotyped: 41 (36.6%) were serotype 1, 13 (11.6%) serotype 2, 27 (24.1%) serotype 3, and 10 (8.9%) serotype 4. The serotypes of the remaining 21 (18.8°0) could not be determined. The predominant serotype of HRV that prevailed in Gifu city changed every winter: serotype 3 (63.4%) was most prevalent in the 1st winter, serotype 4 (42.9%) in the 2nd winter, and serotype 1 (64%) in the 3rd winter.