bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental enrichment and abstinence attenuate ketamine-induced cardiac and renal toxicity
Authors: Li Xingxing , Li Shuangyan , Zheng Wenhui , Pan Jian , Huang Kunyu , Chen Rong , Pan Tonghe , Liao Guorong , Chen Zhongming , Zhou Dongsheng , Shen Wenwen , Zhou Wenhua , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe current study was designed to investigate the effect of abstinence in combination with environmental enrichment (EE) on cardiac and renal toxicity induced by 2 weeks of ketamine self-administration (SA) in rodents. In Experiment 1, one group of rats underwent ketamine SA for 14 days. In Experiment 2, the animals completed 2 weeks of ketamine SA followed by 2 and 4 weeks of abstinence. In Experiment 3, animals underwent 14 days of ketamine SA and 4 weeks of abstinence in which isolated environment (IE) and EE was introduced. The corresponding control groups were included for each experiment. Two weeks of ketamine SA caused significant increases in organ weight, Apoptosis Stimulating Fragment/Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and apoptotic level of heart and kidney. The extended length of withdrawal from ketamine SA partially reduced toxicity on the heart and kidney. Finally, introduction of EE during the period of abstinence greatly promoted the effect of abstinence on ketamine-induced cardiac and renal toxicity. The interactive effect of EE and abstinence was promising to promote the recovery of cardiac and renal toxicity of ketamine.
Functional annotation of HOT regions in the human genome: implications for human disease and cancer
Authors: Li Hao , Chen Hebing , Liu Feng , Ren Chao , Wang Shengqi , Bo Xiaochen , Shu Wenjie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdvances in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale sequencing studies have resulted in an impressive and growing list of disease- and trait-associated genetic variants. Most studies have emphasised the discovery of genetic variation in coding sequences, however, the noncoding regulatory effects responsible for human disease and cancer biology have been substantially understudied. To better characterise the cis-regulatory effects of noncoding variation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the genetic variants in HOT (high-occupancy target) regions, which are considered to be one of the most intriguing findings of recent large-scale sequencing studies. We observed that GWAS variants that map to HOT regions undergo a substantial net decrease and illustrate development-specific localisation during haematopoiesis. Additionally, genetic risk variants are disproportionally enriched in HOT regions compared with LOT (low-occupancy target) regions in both disease-relevant and cancer cells. Importantly, this enrichment is biased toward disease- or cancer-specific cell types. Furthermore, we observed that cancer cells generally acquire cancer-specific HOT regions at oncogenes through diverse mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the key roles of HOT regions in human disease and cancer and represent a critical step toward further understanding disease biology, diagnosis and therapy.
Temperature affects the silicate morphology in a diatom
Authors: Javaheri N. , Dries R. , Burson A. , Stal L. J. , Sloot P. M. A. , Kaandorp J. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSilica deposition by diatoms, a common component of the phytoplankton, has attracted considerable interest given the importance in ecology and materials science. There has recently been a great deal of research into the biological control of biosilicifcation, yet the in vivo physical and chemical effects have not been quantitatively investigated. We have grown the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in batch culture at three temperatures (14o, 18o and 23 °C). We observed three distinct temperature-dependent growth phases. The morphology of silica was investigated using scanning electron microscopy followed by image analysis and supervised learning. The silica in the valves of the same species showed different structures: a mesh-like pattern in silicon-rich cultures and a tree-like pattern in silicon-limited cultures. Moreover, temperature affected this silica pattern, especially in silicon-limited cultures. We conclude that cells grown at 14 °C and 18 °C divide more successfully in Si-limited conditions by developing a tree-like pattern (lower silicification).
Electronic and magnetism properties of two-dimensional stacked nickel hydroxides and nitrides
Authors: Wei Xiao-Lin , Tang Zhen-Kun , Guo Gen-Cai , Ma Shangyi , Liu Li-Min 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layered materials receive a lot of attention because of their outstanding intrinsic properties and wide applications. In this work, the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of nickel hydroxides (Ni(OH)2) and nitrides XN (X = B, Al and Ga) heterostructures are studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that the pristine monolayer Ni(OH)2 owns no macro magnetism with antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between two nearest Ni atoms, the electronic structure can be modulated through the heterostructures. The Ni(OH)2-GaN and Ni(OH)2-AlN heterostructures retain the AFM coupling, while Ni(OH)2-BN heterostructure have a larger magnetic moment with ferromagnetic (FM) coupling. The complete electron–hole separation is found in the Ni(OH)2-GaN heterostructure. The tunable electronic and magnetic properties of the Ni(OH)2-XN heterostructures open a new door to design the spintronic devices in the 2D stacked nanostructures.
Realizing Tunable Inverse and Normal Doppler Shifts in Reconfigurable RF Metamaterials
Authors: Ran Jia , Zhang Yewen , Chen Xiaodong , Fang Kai , Zhao Junfei , Sun Yong , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Doppler effect has well-established applications in astronomy, medicine, radar and metrology. Recently, a number of experimental demonstrations of the inverse Doppler effect have begun to appear. However, the inverse Doppler effect has never been observed on an electronically reconfigurable system with an external electromagnetic wave source at radio frequencies (RF) in experiment. Here we demonstrate an experimental observation of the inverse Doppler shift on an electronically reconfigurable RF metamaterial structure, which can exhibit anomalous dispersion, normal dispersion or a stop band, depending on an applied bias voltage. Either inverse or normal Doppler shift is realized by injecting an external RF signal into the electronically reconfigurable metamaterial, on which an electronically controllable moving reflective boundary is formed. The effective velocity of this boundary and the resulting frequency shift can be tuned over a wide range by a digital switching circuit. This work is expected to open up possibilities in applying the inverse Doppler effect in wireless communications, radar and satellite navigation.
Obliquity Control On Southern Hemisphere Climate During The Last Glacial
Authors: Fogwill C.J. , Turney C.S.M. , Hutchinson D.K. , Taschetto A.S. , England M.H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent paleoclimate reconstructions have challenged the traditional view that Northern Hemisphere insolation and associated feedbacks drove synchronous global climate and ice-sheet volume during the last glacial cycle. Here we focus on the response of the Patagonian Ice Sheet and demonstrate that its maximum expansion culminated at 28,400 ± 500 years before present (28.4 ± 0.5 ka), more than 5,000 years before the minima in 65°N summer insolation and the formally-defined Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at 21,000 ± 2,000 years before present. To investigate the potential drivers of this early LGM (eLGM), we simulate the effects of orbital changes using a suite of climate models incorporating prescribed and evolving sea-ice anomalies. Our analyses suggest that Antarctic sea-ice expansion at 28.5 ka altered the location and intensity of the Southern Hemisphere storm track, triggering regional cooling over Patagonia of 5°C that extends across the wider mid-southern latitudes. In contrast, at the LGM, continued sea-ice expansion reduced regional temperature and precipitation further, effectively starving the ice sheet and resulting in reduced glacial expansion. Our findings highlight the dominant role that orbital changes can play in driving Southern Hemisphere glacial climate via the sensitivity of mid-latitude regions to changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent.
Nonlinear processes reinforce extreme Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Ng Benjamin , Cai Wenju , Walsh Kevin , Santoso Agus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnder global warming, climate models show an almost three-fold increase in extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events by 2100. These extreme pIODs are characterised by a westward extension of cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) which push the downstream atmospheric convergence further west. This induces severe drought and flooding in the surrounding countries, but the processes involved in this projected increase have not been fully examined. Here we conduct a detailed heat budget analysis of 19 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project and show that nonlinear zonal and vertical heat advection are important for reinforcing extreme pIODs. Under greenhouse warming, these nonlinear processes do not change significantly in amplitude, but the frequency of occurrences surpassing a threshold increases. This is due to the projected weakening of the Walker circulation, which leads to the western tropical Indian Ocean warming faster than the east. As such, the magnitude of SSTAs required to shift convection westward is relatively smaller, allowing these convection shifts to occur more frequently in the future. The associated changes in wind and ocean current anomalies support the zonal and vertical advection terms in a positive feedback process and consequently, moderate pIODs become more extreme-like.
Compact ultra‐wide stopband low pass filter using multimode resonators
Authors: Li Qun , Zhang Yonghong , Fan Yong 
Published: June 2015

A compact microstrip ultra‐wide stopband low pass filter using multimode resonators is presented. It consists of a narrow width microstrip line with high impedance and three multimode resonators. The characteristics and equivalent circuits of the multimode resonator are investigated. Owing to the strong slow‐wave and bandstop effects, the multimode resonator can be implemented to achieve an ultra‐wide stopband and size reduction. At the 3 dB cut off frequency of 1.8 GHz, the measured stopband of the low pass filter with 15 dB suppression is from 2.83 to 24 GHz. The physical size of the proposed low pass filter is 0.09λg × 0.11λg. The presented simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Resolution‐enhanced sturdy MASH delta–sigma modulator for wideband low‐voltage applications
Authors: Qi Liang , Sin Sai‐Weng , U Seng‐Pan , Martins Rui Paulo 
Published: June 2015

A resolution‐enhanced sturdy multi‐stage noise shaping (MASH) delta–sigma modulator is presented. By employing the Leslie‐Singh architecture in the first stage and an appropriate second stage digital filtering, the proposed structure could achieve much higher resolution [>80 dB signal‐to‐quantisation noise ratio] when compared with a traditional sturdy MASH, at a lower oversampling ratio (e.g. 8X). Interestingly, the mismatch between digital and analogue transfer functions is inherently shaped so that the structure is not sensitive to opamp finite gain error. Both these properties make the proposed structure suitable for wideband low‐voltage applications. Behavioural simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure when compared with the prior art of its high performance delta–sigma counterparts.
B vitamins, the central nervous system and behavior.
Authors: Tepper B. J. , Kanarek R. B. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

This chapter examines how vitamin B deficiencies may be linked to cognitive, motor and affective developmental delay. The functions, requirements, dietary sources, and clinical effects of inadequate intake, and adverse effects and toxicity of thiamin, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin and folic acid.
Culture and the event experience.
Authors: Povey G. , Wyk J. A. van 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

This chapter investigates cultural, political and societal influences that have shaped the events industry since the 1960's. Through the use of case studies and other industry examples, the chapter highlights key trends and influences that have contributed to the high profile of today's event industry, aligned as it is to high-profile celebrations, celebrity culture and major public followings.
Developing the event concept.
Authors: Booth A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

This chapter introduces key theories and ideas surrounding the design, development, delivery and analysis of events. The chapter provides definitions of key terms, explains underpinning models and illustrates the range and scope of the events industry. Through the use of short case studies the chapter also demonstrates the range of activities that are classed as 'events' and explores the relationship between events and tourism, hospitality, leisure, business, fundraising, charities and sport.
Managing a quality event experience.
Authors: Oriade A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

This chapter evaluates the importance of quality management in the event sector, and examines the nature of quality and how this influences satisfaction and repeat visits to events. Concepts such as perceived quality, value and customer expectation are explored. In the same vein, theories such as cue utilization, gap analysis and Kano's theory of attractive quality are highlighted to provide frameworks to enhance student understanding and assist practitioners to evaluate and manage service quality in the industry.
Sustainability and events management.
Authors: Heitmann S. , Dávid L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

This chapter introduces concepts of ethics and social responsibility, and then takes an issues-based approach to consider the social, environmental and legal issues influencing the successful management of events. This chapter explores the impacts events can have on a destination and its community. Both negative and positive impacts on economies, environments (built and natural) and societies are included in the discussion. In order to minimize any negative impacts, the concept of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is analysed, using principles of good practice and various case studies to highlight the issues surrounding impacts and the responsibility of event managers. The final part of the book takes a long-term view of the events sector, starting with an overview of the themes in event planning that have grown exponentially in recent years.
Archaeal ribonuclease P proteins have potential for biotechnological applications where precise hybridization of nucleic acids is needed
Authors: Miyanoshita Mitsuru , Nakashima Takashi , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Kimura Makoto 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay showed that archaeal ribonuclease P (RNase P) proteins significantly promoted DNA annealing and strand displacement. Moreover, we found that archaeal RNase P proteins could discriminate nucleotide exchanges in DNA chains via their activity accelerating DNA strand displacement, suggesting that they have potential for biotechnological application to genetic diagnosis.
Engineered hydrophobic pocket of (S)-selective arylmalonate decarboxylase variant by simultaneous saturation mutagenesis to improve catalytic performance
Authors: Yoshida Shosuke , Enoki Junichi , Kourist Robert , Miyamoto Kenji 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A bacterial arylmalonate decarboxylase (AMDase) catalyzes asymmetric decarboxylation of unnatural arylmalonates to produce optically pure (R)-arylcarboxylates without the addition of cofactors. Previously, we designed an AMDase variant G74C/C188S that displays totally inverted enantioselectivity. However, the variant showed a 20,000-fold reduction in activity compared with the wild-type AMDase. Further studies have demonstrated that iterative saturation mutagenesis targeting the active site residues in a hydrophobic pocket of G74C/C188S leads to considerable improvement in activity where all positive variants harbor only hydrophobic substitutions. In this study, simultaneous saturation mutagenesis with a restricted set of amino acids at each position was applied to further heighten the activity of the (S)-selective AMDase variant toward α-methyl-α-phenylmalonate. The best variant (V43I/G74C/A125P/V156L/M159L/C188G) showed 9,500-fold greater catalytic efficiency kcat/Km than that of G74C/C188S. Notably, a high level of decarboxylation of α-(4-isobutylphenyl)-α-methylmalonate by the sextuple variant produced optically pure (S)-ibuprofen, an analgesic compound which showed 2.5-fold greater activity than the (R)-selective wild-type AMDase.
Wave splitting and double-slit like interference by a pseudochiral metamaterial slab
Authors: Chang Po-Han , Kuo Chih-Yu , Chern Ruey-Lin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We investigate the phenomena of wave splitting and double-slit like interference by a pseudochiral metamaterial slab. Due to the anomalous dispersion associated with the particular form of magnetoelectric couplings in the pseudochiral media, there exist two elliptically polarized eigenwaves with the Poynting vectors directed in different directions. A wave incident from vacuum onto a pseudochiral slab will split into two waves even at normal incidence. Illuminated by a point like source, two secondary waves emerge on the back side of the slab, which in turn give rise to two spherical like waves that propagate in the forward direction. The two secondary waves then form an interference pattern that resembles the light wave passing through double slits. These features are illustrated with the Gaussian beams based on the Fourier integral formulation.
Data Safe Havens in health research and healthcare
Authors: Burton Paul R. , Murtagh Madeleine J. , Boyd Andy , Williams James B. , Dove Edward S. , Wallace Susan E. , Tassé Anne-Marie , Little Julian , Chisholm Rex L. , Gaye Amadou , Hveem Kristian , Brookes Anthony J. , Goodwin Pat , Fistein Jon , Bobrow Martin , Knoppers Bartha M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Motivation: The data that put the ‘evidence’ into ‘evidence-based medicine’ are central to developments in public health, primary and hospital care. A fundamental challenge is to site such data in repositories that can easily be accessed under appropriate technical and governance controls which are effectively audited and are viewed as trustworthy by diverse stakeholders. This demands socio-technical solutions that may easily become enmeshed in protracted debate and controversy as they encounter the norms, values, expectations and concerns of diverse stakeholders. In this context, the development of what are called ‘Data Safe Havens’ has been crucial. Unfortunately, the origins and evolution of the term have led to a range of different definitions being assumed by different groups. There is, however, an intuitively meaningful interpretation that is often assumed by those who have not previously encountered the term: a repository in which useful but potentially sensitive data may be kept securely under governance and informatics systems that are fit-for-purpose and appropriately tailored to the nature of the data being maintained, and may be accessed and utilized by legitimate users undertaking work and research contributing to biomedicine, health and/or to ongoing development of healthcare systems.
Results: This review explores a fundamental question: ‘what are the specific criteria that ought reasonably to be met by a data repository if it is to be seen as consistent with this interpretation and viewed as worthy of being accorded the status of ‘Data Safe Haven’ by key stakeholders’? We propose 12 such criteria.
Contact: paul.burton@bristol.ac.uk
biRte: Bayesian inference of context-specific regulator activities and transcriptional networks
Authors: Fröhlich Holger 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In the last years there has been an increasing effort to computationally model and predict the influence of regulators (transcription factors, miRNAs) on gene expression. Here we introduce biRte as a computationally attractive approach combining Bayesian inference of regulator activities with network reverse engineering. biRte integrates target gene predictions with different omics data entities (e.g. miRNA and mRNA data) into a joint probabilistic framework. The utility of our method is tested in extensive simulation studies and demonstrated with applications from prostate cancer and Escherichia coli growth control. The resulting regulatory networks generally show a good agreement with the biological literature.
Availability and implementation: biRte is available on Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org).
Contact: frohlich@bit.uni-bonn.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Tibial Slope in Patients With Achondroplasia: Its Characterization and Possible Role in Genu Recurvatum Development
Authors: Brooks Jaysson T. , Bernholt David L. , Tran Kevin V. , Ain Michael C. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Genu recurvatum, a posterior resting position of the knee, is a common lower extremity deformity in patients with achondroplasia and has been thought to be secondary to ligamentous laxity. To the best of our knowledge, the role of the tibial slope has not been investigated, and no studies describe the tibial slope in patients with achondroplasia. Our goals were to characterize the tibial slope in children and adults with achondroplasia, explore its possible role in the development of genu recurvatum, and compare the tibial slope in patients with achondroplasia to that in the general population.

Methods:
We reviewed 252 lateral knee radiographs of 130 patients with achondroplasia seen at our clinic from November 2007 through September 2013. Patients were excluded if they had previous lower extremity surgery or radiographs with extreme rotation. We analyzed patient demographics and, on all radiographs, the tibial slope. We then compared the mean tibial slope to norms in the literature. Tibial slopes >90 degrees had an anterior tibial slope and received a positive prefix. Statistical analysis included intraclass and interclass reliability, Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Student t tests (significance, P<0.05).

Results:
The overall mean tibial slope for the 252 knees was +1.32±7 degrees, which was significantly more anterior than the normal slopes reported in the literature for adults (7.2 to 10.7 degrees, P=0.0001) and children (10 to 11 degrees, P=0.0001). The Pearson correlation coefficient for mean tibial slope and age showed negative correlations of −0.4011 and −0.4335 for left and right knees, respectively. This anterior tibial slope produces proximal and posterior vector force components, which may shift the knee posteriorly in weightbearing.

Conclusions:
The mean tibial slope is significantly more anterior in patients with achondroplasia than in the general population; however, this difference diminishes as patients’ age. An anterior tibial slope may predispose to a more posterior resting knee position, also known as genu recurvatum.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—retrospective case series.