bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial coalescence in emulsions: The impact of solid fat content and fatty acid composition
Authors: Munk Merete B. , Andersen Mogens L. 
Published: March 2015

Oil‐in‐water emulsions were made with five different triglyceride fats ranging from completely liquid oil to solid. Regardless of the type of dispersed fat, all emulsions were non‐aggregated and low viscous when stabilized only by caseinate. Presence of lactic acid ester of monoglyceride (LACTEM) and unsaturated monoglyceride (GMU) caused solidification of emulsions made with fat with intermediate solid fat content (SFC), due to fat globule aggregation. The hardest and most compact fat globule network was obtained for emulsions based on hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO). Although palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm oil (PO) resembled HPKO in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition and SFC, a lower strength of the fat globule network was obtained for emulsions based on PKO and PO. The dispersed fat phase should have intermediate SFC (simultaneous presence of liquid and solid fat) in order to induce fat globule aggregation in emulsions. This was demonstrated by emulsions made with either rapeseed oil (RO) and fully hydrogenated palm oil (FHPO), which remained stable and pourable despite the presence of LACTEM and GMU.Practical applications: This study emphasizes the important role of fat on the texture of O/W‐emulsions. This knowledge is vital for the industry in order to control or avoid fat globule aggregation. For manufacturers striving for partial coalescence of emulsions to occur, it is necessary to use low‐molecular‐weight emulsifiers and fat with intermediate solid fat content.Emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate remained stable and non‐aggregated independent of the type of dispersed fat. When emulsions were stabilized by a combination of sodium caseinate, LACTEM, and GMU, partial coalescence occurred for fat globules with intermediate solid fat content while globules of either solid fat or liquid oil remained stable.
η1‐Allypalladium Complexes with Tridentate PNP’ Ligand for the Assembly of Modified Screen Printed Electrodes: an Electrochemical Study
Authors: Valentini F. , Ciambella E. , Antonaroli S. , Boaretto A. , Mannino P. , La Parola V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpecific Pd‐based organometallic complex, in particular the [Pd(η1‐CH2CH=CH2)(PNP’)]BF4 was used for the assembly of chemically modified Screen Printed Electrodes (SPEs) and their electrochemical reactivity was also investigated. For this purpose potassium ferricyanide, hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, sodium hexachloroiridate‐(III) hydrate, ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), acetaminophen (Ac), guanine (G) and adenine (A) were used to study the electron‐transfer processes, which occurred at modified SPEs, fabricated by using the [Pd(η1‐CH2CH=CH2)(PNP’)]BF4, applying the drop casting procedure. Interesting results were obtained in the case of the guanine (G) quantitative detection, especially in terms of a wide range of concentration (2.5–40 nM), an high sensitivity (of 49.0 A M−1 cm−2), a low detection limit (LOD=1.0 nM) and a fast response time (of t=2 s). The intra‐electrode reproducibility (RSD%) was <1 % for the same SPE used for each point of the calibration plot. The inter‐electrode reproducibility (RSD%), estimated by using different SPEs for each single point of the quantitative calibration graph, ranging from 5 to 10 %, better than that exhibited by other different chemical sensors, described in literature, and reported in this work for comparison. In addition, the high selectivity of the chemically modified sensors toward the oxidation of guanine, exhibited in presence of a mixture of G+A, in the same electrochemical bath solution, could be related to the different electro‐catalytic mechanisms, as demonstrated by the XPS study. This chemical sensor prototype could be very promising for bio‐medicine applications.
A Novel DNA Probe Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Electrode for the Electrochemical Monitoring of DNA
Authors: Muti Mihrican , Soysal Mert , Nacak Fatma Merve , Gençdağ Kübra , Karagözler A. Ersin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA DNA probe that was based on methylene blue (MB) imprinted polyvinyl pyridine polymer (MIP) modified carbon paste electrodes were developed for the first time for electrochemical monitoring of DNA. Probes were built up by adsorbing MB onto modified electrodes prior to DNA immobilization. It was shown that DNA strongly immobilizes on MIP modified electrodes when MB was adsorbed in advance of DNA immobilization. The performance of the MB imprinted polymer modified carbon paste electrodes (MIP‐CPE) to rebind the template molecule (MB) were compared to those of control polymer modified (non‐imprinted polymer NIP‐CPE) and bare (CPE) electrodes. Electrochemical signal resulting from the oxidation of guanine moiety of the immobilized probe DNA was high enough on the constructed platform, implicating that probes of this kind could be favorably used for DNA analysis. These probes exhibited high selectivity for its complementary DNA sequences (target). HBV‐DNA hybridization was studied to evaluate the selectivity of the probes for complementary, non‐complementary and mismatch sequences. The detection limit of the probe for the target DNA was 8.72 µg/mL (1.38 µM), which was better than those attained by some earlier DNA sensor studies.
Improved Potentiometric and Optic Sensitivity of Polyaniline Film to Dissolved Oxygen by Incorporating Iron‐Porphyrin
Authors: Li Meng , Ornelas Isabel M. , Liu Wei , Niu Yu , Correia Jorge P. , Viana Ana S. , Jin Gang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPolyaniline (PAn) films can be used in an electrochemical and optical combination system to amplify the optical signal for dissolved oxygen (DO) detection. To further improve the sensitivity of PAn film to DO, an oxygen‐sensitive molecule, Fe(III) meso‐tetera (4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (FeTSPP) is incorporated into PAn during the film generation. Results show that, after incorporating FeTSPP into the PAn matrix, both optical and potentiometric responses to DO are improved. The optimal optical signal is obtained under the application of −2.5 μA to the modified electrode. Under this applied current, both optical and potentiometric signals show linear relations with the DO concentration within the range of 0.00–4.63 mg L−1, and the sensitivities for optical and potentiometric signals are 4.18 grayscale units mg−1 L and 13.39 mV mg−1 L, respectively.
Soft Budget Constraints in Public Hospitals
Authors: Wright Donald J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA soft budget constraint arises when a government is unable to commit to not ‘bailout’ a public hospital if the public hospital exhausts its budget before the end of the budget period. It is shown that if the political costs of a ‘bailout’ are relatively small, then the public hospital exhausts the welfare‐maximising budget before the end of the budget period and a ‘bailout’ occurs. In anticipation, the government offers a budget to the public hospital that may be greater than or less than the welfare‐maximising budget. In either case, the public hospital treats ‘too many’ elective patients before the ‘bailout’ and ‘too few’ after. The introduction of a private hospital reduces the size of any ‘bailout’ and increases welfare. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can surgeons predict the olfactory outcomes after endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis?
Authors: Nguyen Duc Trung , Bey Ayoub , Arous Fabien , Nguyen‐Thi Phi‐Linh , Felix‐Ravelo Marylisa , Jankowski Roger 
Published: March 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study is to identify predictors for olfactory outcomes in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) after surgery on the ethmoidal labyrinths, either with or without resection of the polyps of the olfactory cleft (OC).Study DesignProspective study.MethodsNinety‐six patients endoscopically operated on for NP were enrolled in this study. Olfactory measurements were performed 1 day prior to surgery and 6 weeks after surgery, using odor thresholds and identification tests of the Sniffin' Sticks kit and a 0‐ to 10‐point visual analog scale. The multivariate logistic regression model was also used to assess independent predictors for olfactory outcomes after surgery.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with preoperative normosmia demonstrated normal olfactory function 6 weeks after surgery. Out of 69 patients with preoperative hypo‐anosmia, 33 patients (47.83%) improved their olfactory function after surgery on the basis of the Sniffin' Sticks results. History of previous sinus surgery was reported by 77.78% of patients without olfactory improvement and by 51.52% with olfactory improvement (P = .022). By multivariate analysis, history of previous sinus surgery for NP remained a strong predictor of poor olfactory outcomes after surgery (adjusted odds ratio = 4.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.29‐13.32, P = .017). Histopathological types of lesions inside the OC as well as the resection of moderate/big lesions in the OC were not predictors of olfactory outcomes.ConclusionsThe more previous sinus surgeries, the smaller the chance for patients to recover their olfactory function after each surgical revision.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 125:1535–1540, 2015
Using nonrandomized studies to inform complex clinical decisions: The thorny issue of cranial radiation therapy for T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kelly Michael J. , Pauker Stephen G. , Parsons Susan K. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThere are no randomized controlled trials to inform the decision of which cranial radiation therapy (CRT) strategy to apply to pediatric patients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedureWe performed a decision analysis using a Markov model in which we compared the life expectancy and quality‐adjusted life expectancy when administering one of three CRT strategies to a cohort of patients with T‐cell ALL: (1) omission of CRT for all patients; (2) CRT only for those with evidence of leukemic involvement in the central nervous system at diagnosis (therapeutic strategy); or (3) CRT for all (prophylactic strategy).ResultsWhen considering plausible event‐free survival rates and late mortality after cure for groups of pediatric patients with T‐cell ALL, the strategies of omitting CRT, administering therapeutic CRT, and administering prophylactic CRT result in similar short‐term (7‐year) survival. When considering the increased contribution of deaths from late effects, the strategy of prophylactic CRT is associated with lower life expectancy when compared to the other two strategies. The Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the strategy of prophylactic CRT was the preferred strategy only 5% of the time.ConclusionsSimilar short‐term survival may be expected when comparing the strategies of total omission of CRT, therapeutic CRT, and prophylactic CRT for patients with T‐cell ALL. Long‐term survival is likely inferior for the strategy of prophylactic CRT. The synthesis of nonrandomized trials and the application of decision analysis can help inform complex decision making in pediatric oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:790–797. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homogeneous synthesis of amino‐reserved chitosan‐graft‐polycaprolactone in an ionic liquid and the application in cell cultivation
Authors: Yang Lili , Zhang Jinming , He Jiasong , Zhang Jun , Gan Zhihua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe homogeneous preparation of amino‐reserved chitosan‐graft‐polycaprolactone copolymer (ACS‐g‐PCL) was achieved in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate via a protection − ring‐opening graft polymerization − deprotection procedure. The molar substitution of PCL (MSPCL) in ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers was in the range 17.1 − 45.6 and could be well controlled by altering reaction conditions. The resultant ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers were soluble in some common organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol and toluene. As the increment of MSPCL increased, the hydrophilicity of the ACS‐g‐PCL copolymers decreased. Eventually, ACS‐g‐PCL microspheres with a diameter of 100–200 µm were fabricated by an emulsion evaporation method. Among them, the ACS‐g‐PCL copolymer with an MSPCL of 26.8 formed into porous microspheres. The fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity results suggested that all of the microspheres, especially the ACS‐g‐PCL microspheres with MSPCL of 17.1 and 26.8, showed high cell adhesion and cytocompatibility to the human osteosarcoma cell line (MG‐63), indicating their great prospects in tissue engineering. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Das magnetische Moment des Protons
Authors: Mooser Andreas , Smorra Christian , Ulmer Stefan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDer Wert des magnetischen Moments des Protons konnte mit der Doppel‐Penning‐Fallenmethode zum ersten Mal direkt gemessen werden. Die Resultate verbessern den bisher akzepierten CODATA‐Wert um einen Faktor 2, 5. Dieser basiert auf einer indirekten Messung der Hyperfeinstruktur des Wasserstoff‐Grundzustands. Die Anwendung derselben Methode auf das Antiproton wird einen hochpräzisen Test der CPT‐Symmetrie mit Baryonen liefern. Damit verknüpft ist die Hoffnung, einen Hinweis zur Lösung des kosmischen Antimaterierätsels zu finden. Mit diesem Ziel wurde das BASE‐Experiment am Antiproton Decelerator am CERN aufgebaut. Der angestrebte Vergleich der Magnetischen Momente von Proton und Antiproton ermöglicht einen der präzisesten Tests der CPT‐Invarianz.
Ultrakalte Moleküle in Reih und Glied
Authors: Deiß Markus , Hecker Denschlag Johannes 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChemische Reaktionen können stattfinden, wenn Atome oder Moleküle miteinander stoßen. Die Reaktionsdynamik ist dabei abhängig von verschiedenen Parametern, insbesondere auch der relativen Orientierung der Kollisionspartner zueinander. Vor kurzem ist es an der Universität Ulm gelungen, ultrakalte Moleküle innerhalb eines optischen Gitters durch Rotationsanregung auszurichten und diese Ausrichtung mit einer neuartigen Methode zu vermessen. Dies ermöglicht zukünftig die Untersuchung von stereochemischen Reaktionsprozessen bei Temperaturen von unter 1 μK in einem Modellsystem, das sich durch ein Höchstmaß an Kontrolle auszeichnet.
Nematicidal activity of allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane under laboratory conditions
Authors: Oka Yuji , Shuker Shimshon , Tkachi Nadia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRestrictions on soil fumigants are prompting the development of new compounds for controlling nematodes, other soilborne pathogens and weeds. We evaluated the nematicidal activity of five bromine compounds againstMeloidogyne javanica in vitro, and tested the two most effective ones againstPratylenchus penetransandXiphinema index in vitroand in soil.RESULTSOnly allyl bromide and dibromo(nitro)methane showed nematicidal activity againstM. javanicajuvenilesin vitroat <320 mg L−1. Allyl bromide killedM. javanicaandP. penetransat 20 mg L−1, andX. indexat 10 mg L−1, whereas 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L−1was required to killP. penetrans. Allyl bromide also showed higher nematicidal activity than dibromo(nitro)methane againstM. javanicaandP. penetransin soil. Allyl bromide at 40 and 20 mg L−1soil eliminated root galls and nematode eggs on tomato roots grown inM. javanica‐inoculated loess and sandy soils respectively, showing higher nematicidal activity than 1,3‐dichloropropene. NoP. penetranswere recovered from soil treated with 80 mg allyl bromide L−1soil or 320 mg dibromo(nitro)methane L−1soil.CONCLUSIONAllyl bromide showed high nematicidal activity against all three nematode species, and nematicidal activity of dibromo(nitro)methane was discovered. These compounds could serve as new fumigation nematicides, pending further experiments. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Another engineering wake model variant for horizontal axis wind turbines
Authors: Werle Michael J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn engineering model is presented for predicting the performance of a single turbine located in an incoming turbulent, sheared, wind velocity field. The approach used is a variant of the well‐known and documented Ainslie eddy viscosity approach as also employed in the Direct Wake Meandering model. It incorporates a new and simple means of representing the rotor's loading profile, initializing the calculations, simplifying the wakes' shear layer mixing model and accounting for wind shear effects. Additionally, two figures of merit are employed for assessing the reliability of all data used and predictions provided. The first, a wake momentum‐flux/thrust parameter, is used for quantitatively assessing the accuracy and utility of both measured and/or computational wake data. The second, a rotor swept area wake‐averaged velocity, is employed as a single quantitative measure of a turbine's impact on its downstream neighbor. Through detailed comparisons with three independent state‐of‐the‐art Computational Fluid Dynamic generated datasets and a field‐measured dataset, the current model is shown to be accurate for turbine rated power levels from 100 kW to 2.3 MW, wind speeds of 6 to 22 m s−1 (corresponding to turbine thrust coefficient levels of 0.14 to 0.8) and free‐stream turbulence levels from 0% to 16%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SG-II-Up prototype final optics assembly: optical damage and clean-gas control
Authors: Zhao Dongfeng , Wan Li , Lin Zunqi , Shao Pin , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: March 2015

The Shenguang-II Upgrade (SG-II Up) facility is an under-construction high-power laser driver with eight beams, 24 kJ energy, 3 ns pulse duration and ultraviolet laser output, in the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, China. The prototype design and experimental research of the prototype final optics assembly (FOA), which is one of the most important parts of the SG-II Up facility, have been completed on the ninth beam of the SG-II facility. Thirty-three shots were fired using 1-

${\it\omega}$

energy from 1000 to 4500 J and 3-

${\it\omega}$

energy from 500 to 2403 J with a 3 ns square pulse. During the experiments, emphasis was given to the process of optical damage and to the effects of clean-gas control. A numerical model of the FOA generated by the Integrated Computer Engineering and Manufacturing code for Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICEMCFD) demonstrated that a flux within

$1{-}5~\text{l s}^{-1}$

and a 180 s period is effectual to avoid contaminant sputtering to the optics. The presence of surface ‘mooning’ damage and surface spots located outside the clear aperture are induced by contaminants such as wire, silica gel and millimeter order fiber and metal.
Natural resin acid –enriched composition as a modulator of intestinal microbiota and performance enhancer in broiler chicken
Authors: Kettunen H. , Vuorenmaa J. , Rinttilä T. , Grönberg H. , Valkonen E. , Apajalahti J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryResin acids extracted from coniferous trees are known for their antimicrobial and antifungal effects. This trial investigated the effect of a natural resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) on the gastrointestinal microbiota and productive performance of broiler chicken. The results demonstrated that at or above 5 mg/l, RAC prevented the growth of a pure culture ofClostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. Next, the effects of RAC on the microbial community were studied in a fermentation model with both the microbial inoculum and substrate for the microbes isolated from the ileum of broiler chickens. RAC was included at 0, 0.1 and 1 g/kg digesta, and supplementation decreased the relative proportion of lactic acid and increased that of acetic acid produced during the fermentation in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 g/kg inclusion, RAC decreased the density of lactobacilli. The final part of the experiment investigated the influence of RAC on the performance and intestinal microbiota of necrotic enteritis (NE)-challenged broiler chickens. A wheat and soy -based diet was supplemented with RAC at 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g/kg. The chickens were challenged withEimeria maximaoocysts on day 11, and a pure culture ofC. perfringenson day 14. On day 17, the final day of the trial, RAC inclusion at 1 and 3 g/kg of feed significantly increased body weight. At 3 g/kg RAC numerically decreased the daily mortality seen during the challenge period. In the ileum, RAC at 1 g/kg reduced the NE-associated peak of microbial lactic acid production. Overall, the data suggested that the dietary ingredient RAC has the potential to act as a performance-enhancer and microbial modulator in broiler chickens.
The Murchison Widefield Array Correlator
Authors: Ord S. M. , Crosse B. , Emrich D. , Pallot D. , Wayth R. B. , Clark M. A. , Tremblay S. E. , Arcus W. , Barnes D. , Bell M. , Bernardi G. , Bhat N. D. R. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. , Bunton J. D. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Deshpande A. A. , deSouza L. , Ewell-Wice A. , Feng L. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hazelton B. J. , Herne D. , Hewitt J. N. , Hindson L. , Hurley-Walker N. , Jacobs D. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasper J. C. , Kincaid B. B. , Koenig R. , Kratzenberg E. , Kudryavtseva N. , Lenc E. , Lonsdale C. J. , Lynch M. J. , McKinley B. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Oberoi D. , Offringa A. , Pathikulangara J. , Pindor B. , Prabu T. , Procopio P. , Remillard R. A. , Riding J. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Salah J. E. , Sault R. J. , Udaya Shankar N. , Srivani K. S. , Stevens J. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Waterson M. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. , Wyithe J. S. B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Murchison Widefield Array is a Square Kilometre Array Precursor. The telescope is located at the Murchison Radio–astronomy Observatory in Western Australia. The MWA consists of 4 096 dipoles arranged into 128 dual polarisation aperture arrays forming a connected element interferometer that cross-correlates signals from all 256 inputs. A hybrid approach to the correlation task is employed, with some processing stages being performed by bespoke hardware, based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays, and others by Graphics Processing Units housed in general purpose rack mounted servers. The correlation capability required is approximately 8 tera floating point operations per second. The MWA has commenced operations and the correlator is generating 8.3 TB day−1 of correlation products, that are subsequently transferred 700 km from the MRO to Perth (WA) in real-time for storage and offline processing. In this paper, we outline the correlator design, signal path, and processing elements and present the data format for the internal and external interfaces.
The tribology of cupules
Authors: BEDNARIK ROBERT G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a newly observed phenomenon, a rare form of lamina protecting petroglyphs from weathering, and it attempts an explanation of such features. These laminae are not precipitates but represent the floors of the original cupules that have become more resistant to erosion through conversion to tectonite. The process involves crystallization of the syntaxial quartz overgrowths on quartz grains that constitute the cement component of quartzite and silica-rich schist. It is attributed to the cumulative application of kinetic energy that derives from the tens of thousands of hammerstone blows that produced the cupule. The tribological process results in products similar to those formed in ductile shear zones when sandstone has been subjected to great kinetic stresses. In the cupules reported here, the re-metamorphosed lamina preserves their original surface and prevents the erosion of the protolith (parent rock) concealed by the modified layer. The thickness of the layer is a function of the cumulative amount of energy applied to the rock's cement, and the process of alteration is defined as ‘kinetic energy metamorphosis’.