bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins following a dietary intervention study in post‐menopausal women
Authors: de Ferrars Rachel M. , Cassidy Aedín , Curtis Peter , Kay Colin D. 
Published: October 2013

ScopeNumerous studies feeding anthocyanin‐rich foods report limited bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins. The present study explores the identity and concentration of the phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins in humans.Methods and resultsAnthocyanin metabolites were quantified in samples collected from a previously conducted 12‐wk elderberry intervention study in healthy post‐menopausal women. Individual 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐h post‐bolus urine samples and pooled plasma samples following acute (single bolus) and chronic (12‐wk supplementation) anthocyanin consumption (500 mg/day) were analysed using HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Twenty‐eight anthocyanin metabolites were identified in urine and 21 in plasma (including sulfates of vanillic, protocatechuic and benzoic acid). Phenolic metabolites reached peak concentrations of 1237 nM in plasma, while anthocyanin conjugates only reached concentrations of 34 nM. Similarly, in urine, phenolic metabolites were detected at concentrations of 33 185 ± 2549 nM/mM creatinine, while anthocyanin conjugates reached concentrations of 548 ± 219 nM/mM creatinine. There was no evidence that chronic exposure had any impact on either the profile or quantity of metabolites recovered relative to acute exposure.ConclusionAn extensive range of phenolic metabolites of anthocyanin was identified following elderberry consumption in humans, including 11 novel metabolites, which were identified at much higher concentrations than their parent compounds.
Design and Analysis of a Shock Generator
Authors: Liao Chih Yeh , Lee Shyong , Wung Tzong Shyan , Chiu Min Han 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to design a high‐shock acceleration apparatus that can be used in a laboratory, alleviating the need for expensive and complex experiments. The key components of this device include a detonator, dynamite, a shock transmission bar, the housing for the test object, and an accelerometer. The device uses the detonation of the dynamite to generate instantaneous accelerations of up to 105 m s−2, which last for hundreds of microseconds. The acceleration forces over the most significant frequency range of the system were analyzed using the shock response spectrum (SRS) method. The device output provides a test sample of 1 kg with the high‐acceleration shock condition required by the Mil‐Std‐810F shock test specification.
NMR structural analysis of Sleeping Beauty transposase binding to DNA
Authors: Carpentier Claire E. , Schreifels Jeffrey M. , Aronovich Elena L. , Carlson Daniel F. , Hackett Perry B. , Nesmelova Irina V. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is the most widely used DNA transposon in genetic applications and is the only DNA transposon thus far in clinical trials for human gene therapy. In the absence of atomic level structural information, the development of SB transposon relied primarily on the biochemical and genetic homology data. While these studies were successful and have yielded hyperactive transposases, structural information is needed to gain a mechanistic understanding of transposase activity and guides to further improvement. We have initiated a structural study of SB transposase using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to investigate the properties of the DNA‐binding domain of SB transposase in solution. We show that at physiologic salt concentrations, the SB DNA‐binding domain remains mostly unstructured but its N‐terminal PAI subdomain forms a compact, three‐helical structure with a helix‐turn‐helix motif at higher concentrations of NaCl. Furthermore, we show that the full‐length SB DNA‐binding domain associates differently with inner and outer binding sites of the transposon DNA. We also show that the PAI subdomain of SB DNA‐binding domain has a dominant role in transposase's attachment to the inverted terminal repeats of the transposon DNA. Overall, our data validate several earlier predictions and provide new insights on how SB transposase recognizes transposon DNA.
The Impacts of Temporary Labour Migration on Farming Systems of the Loess Plateau, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Li Lihua , Tonts Matthew 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAcross much of rural China, members of farm households spend parts of the year working in cities to generate additional income. This process of temporary labour migration has gathered pace in recent years as rural households capitalise on China's economic expansion and look to improve their own levels of well‐being. Yet, to date, relatively little research has examined the impacts of temporary migration on the structure and performance of farming systems. Accordingly, this paper examines the ways in which temporary migration has resulted in significant changes to the nature of farming on the Loess Plateau in Gansu Province. It draws primarily on a survey of 175 households in three different agroclimatic zones. The analysis indicates that temporary migration is associated with quite complex changes in land use, agricultural production and farm enterprise productivity. Although households involved in temporary migration tend to have higher incomes than non‐migration households, this appears to be at the expense of farm productivity. Indeed, higher levels of migration are closely associated with more extensive, low labour farming practices, suggesting a tendency towards disinvestment in agricultural enterprise. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Raman scattering of multiferroic FePb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 core–shell wire arrays
Authors: Baibarac Mihaela , Sima Marian , Matei Elena , Pasuk Iuliana , Mihut Lucian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new method to fabricate an Fe–PZT core–shell wire arrays developed in three steps is reported in this paper. This involves the electrochemical growth of an iron wire array by template method, deposition by spin coating of the PZT precursor prepared by sol–gel technique on the iron wires surface and annealing treatment to obtain Fe–PZT core–shell structures. The structure of the Fe–PZT core–shell wire array was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman scattering. Raman lines situated at 372 and 575 cm−1 indicate the formation of the FeO particles on the Fe wires surface as a result of the use of an aqueous solution for electrochemical synthesis. An upshift of Raman lines of Fe decorated with FeO wires was observed after formation of Fe–PZT core–shell structure. The annealing treatment of this structure involves a partial transformation of the FeO into Fe2O3 particles both with structure rhombohedral and cubic that were evidenced by Raman lines peaked at 243 and 497 cm−1, respectively.
An analysis of the observed low‐level structure of rapidly intensifying and mature hurricaneEarl(2010)
Authors: Montgomery Michael T. , Zhang Jun A. , Smith Roger K. 
Published: October 2013

We examine dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of Atlantic hurricaneEarl(2010) during its intensification and mature phases over four days of intensive measurements. During this period,Earlunderwent an episode of rapid intensification, maturity, secondary eyewall replacement, re‐intensification and the early part of its decline. The observations are used to appraise elements of a new model for tropical‐cyclone intensification.The results affirm the conventional (vortex interior) and boundary‐layer spin‐up mechanisms that form dynamical elements of the azimuthally averaged view of the new intensification model. The average maximum tangential winds beneath the eyewall are found to exceed the gradient wind by between 20 and 60%. The results suggest also that the gradient wind balance approximation in the low‐level vortex interior above the strong inflow layer may not be as accurate in the inner‐core region of a tropical cyclone during its intensification as has been widely held. An analysis of the low‐level thermodynamic structure affirms the radial increase of moist equivalent potential temperature,θe, with decreasing radius during the intensification process, a necessary ingredient of the new model for maintaining convective instability in the presence of a warming upper troposphere. An unanticipated finding is the discovery of an unmixed boundary layer in terms ofθewithin several hundred kilometres of the vortex centre. In the inner‐core region, this finding is not consistent with the axisymmetric eruption of the boundary layer into the eyewall unless there are non‐conservative (eddy) processes acting to modify the entropy of ascending air.
Learning with many experts: Model selection and sparsity
Authors: Izbicki Rafael , Stern Rafael Bassi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExperts classifying data are often imprecise. Recently, several models have been proposed to train classifiers using the noisy labels generated by these experts. How to choose between these models? In such situations, the true labels are unavailable. Thus, one cannot perform model selection using the standard versions of methods such as empirical risk minimization and cross validation. In order to allow model selection, we present a surrogate loss and provide theoretical guarantees that assure its consistency. Next, we discuss how this loss can be used to tune a penalization which introduces sparsity in the parameters of a traditional class of models. Sparsity provides more parsimonious models and can avoid overfitting. Nevertheless, it has seldom been discussed in the context of noisy labels owing to the difficulty in model selection and, therefore, in choosing tuning parameters. We apply these techniques to several sets of simulated and real data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Copper‐induced immunotoxicity involves cell cycle arrest and cell death in the liver
Authors: Keswani Tarun , Mitra Soham , Bhattacharyya Arindam 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTInorganic copper, such as that in drinking water and copper supplements, largely bypasses the liver and enters the free copper pool of the blood directly and that promote immunosuppression. According to our previous in vivo report, we evaluate the details of the apoptotic mechanism in liver, we have investigated how copper regulates apoptotic pathways in liver. We have analyzed different protein expression by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry expression. We have also have measured mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential, Annexin V assay, ROS, and CD4+ and CD8+ population in hepatocyte cells by flow cytometry. Copper‐treated mice evidenced immunotoxicity as indicated by dose‐related, distinct histomorphological changes in liver. Flow cytometric analyses revealed a dose‐related increase in the percentages of hepatocyte cells in the Sub‐G0/G1 state, further confirmed by Annexin V binding assay. In addition, the copper treatments altered the expression of apoptotic markers, further ROS generation and mitochondrial trans‐membrane potential changes promote intrinsic pathway of apoptosis that was p53 independent. Apart from the role of inflammation, our findings also have identified the role of other partially responsible apoptotic molecules p73 that differentially changed due to copper treatment. Our study demonstrates how apoptotic pathways regulate copper‐induced immunosuppression in liver. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 411–421, 2015.
Characterization of the respiration‐induced yeast mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Authors: Bradshaw Patrick C. , Pfeiffer Douglas R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhen isolated mitochondria from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidize respiratory substrates in the absence of phosphate and ADP, the yeast mitochondrial unselective channel, also called the yeast permeability transition pore (yPTP), opens in the inner membrane, dissipating the electrochemical gradient. ATP also induces yPTP opening. yPTP opening allows mannitol transport into isolated mitochondria of laboratory yeast strains, but mannitol is not readily permeable through the yPTP in an industrial yeast strain, Yeast Foam. The presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthase, allowed for respiration‐induced mannitol permeability in mitochondria from this strain. Potassium (K+) had varied effects on the respiration‐induced yPTP, depending on the concentration of the respiratory substrate added. At low respiratory substrate concentrations K+ inhibited respiration‐induced yPTP opening, while at high substrate concentrations this effect diminished. However, at the high respiratory substrate concentrations, the presence of K+ partially prevented phosphate inhibition of yPTP opening. Phosphate was found to inhibit respiration‐induced yPTP opening by binding a site on the matrix space side of the inner membrane in addition to its known inhibitory effect of donating protons to the matrix space to prevent the pH change necessary for yPTP opening. The respiration‐induced yPTP was also inhibited by NAD, Mg2+, NH4+ or the oxyanion vanadate polymerized to decavanadate. The results demonstrate similar effectors of the respiration‐induced yPTP as those previously described for the ATP‐induced yPTP and reconcile previous strain‐dependent differences in yPTP solute selectivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous dimensions and non-gaussianity
Authors: Green Daniel , Lewandowski Matthew , Senatore Leonardo , Silverstein Eva , Zaldarriaga Matias 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe analyze the signatures of inflationary models that are coupled to interacting field theories, a basic class of multifield models also motivated by their role in providing dynamically small scales. Near the squeezed limit of the bispectrum, we find a simple scaling behavior determined by operator dimensions, which are constrained by the appropriate unitarity bounds. Specifically, we analyze two simple and calculable classes of examples: conformal field theories (CFTs), and large-N CFTs deformed by relevant time-dependent double-trace operators. Together these two classes of examples exhibit a wide range of scalings and shapes of the bispectrum, including nearly equilateral, orthogonal and local non-Gaussianity in different regimes. Along the way, we compare and contrast the shape and amplitude with previous results on weakly coupled fields coupled to inflation. This signature provides a precision test for strongly coupled sectors coupled to inflation via irrelevant operators suppressed by a high mass scale up to ~ 103times the inflationary Hubble scale.
Chiral condensate from the twisted mass Dirac operator spectrum
Authors: Cichy Krzysztof , Garcia-Ramos Elena , Jansen Karl 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe present the results of our computation of the dimensionless chiral condensater0Σ1/3withNf= 2 andNf= 2 + 1 + 1 flavours of maximally twisted mass fermions. The condensate is determined from the Dirac operator spectrum, applying the spectral projector method proposed by Giusti and Lüscher. We use 3 lattice spacings and several quark masses at each lattice spacing to perform the chiral and continuum extrapolations. We study the effect of the dynamical strange and charm quarks by comparing our results forNf= 2 andNf= 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical flavours.
Long‐term clinical outcome, therapy and mild mitochondrial dysfunction in hyperprolinemia
Authors: van de Ven Steffi , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Kouwenberg Dorus , Kluijtmans Leo , Wevers Ron , Morava Eva 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough hyperprolinemia type‐II has a discriminative metabolic phenotype and is frequently associated with neurological system involvement, the casual relation between the metabolic abnormalities and the clinical features, except for those of the secondary B6 deficiency, has been frequently debated. In order to evaluate disease frequency and the neuro‐metabolic outcome we searched our laboratory database between 1992 and 2010, including 20,991 urinary organic acid profiles. From these individuals 16,720 parallel blood samples were available, and were investigated by serum amino acid analysis. We also evaluated the clinical, neurological, psychological features, laboratory data and vitamin levels and therapeutic effect in metabolically confirmed hyperprolinemia. Due to the mitochondrial localization of both ALDH4A1 and PRODH mitochondrial enzyme complex activity was evaluated and oxygen consumption was measured to assess ATP production in patient‐fibroblasts. The Mitochondrial Disease Score was used to evaluate clinical mitochondrial dysfunction. The child behavior checklist was used to screen for psychopathology. We found four patients with increased urinary P5C diagnosed with hyperprolinemia type II, and only one patient had hyperprolinemia type I. All children with hyperprolinemia type II had low normal B6 concentration, and three of the patients had biochemical markers suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed in a muscle biopsy in one case. Intellectual disability was found in two adolescent patients. All patients showed seizures and significant behavioral problems, including anxiety and hallucinations. The clinical course was non‐progressive and independent from the B6 concentration and B6 therapy. Hyperprolinemia is a rare inborn error. Individuals with hyperprolinemia should be monitored closely due to their frequent behavioral problems.
Sustained antipsychotic effect of metacognitive training in psychosis: A randomized-controlled study
Authors: Favrod J. , Rexhaj S. , Bardy S. , Ferrari P. , Hayoz C. , Moritz S. , Conus P. , Bonsack C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPersistent psychotic symptoms represent a major challenge for psychiatric care. Basic research has shown that psychotic symptoms are associated with cognitive biases. Metacognitive training (MCT) aims at helping patients to become aware of these biases and to improve problem-solving. Fifty-two participants fulfilling diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and persistent delusions and stabilized antipsychotic medication were enrolled in this study. Following baseline assessment patients were randomized either to treatment as usual (TAU) conditions or TAU + MCT. The intervention consisted of eight weekly 1-hour sessions (maximum: 8 hours). Participants were assessed at 8 weeks and 6-months later by blind assessors. Participants were assessed with the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS) and the positive subscale of the PANSS. Between-group differences in post- and pre-test values were significant at a medium effect size in favor of the MCT for the PSYRATS delusion scale and the positive scale of the PANSS both at post and follow-up. The results of this study indicate that MCT training has a surplus antipsychotic effect for patients suffering from schizophrenia-related disorders who demonstrate only a partial response to antipsychotic treatment and that the effect of the intervention persists for at least 6 months after the intervention.
Fuzzy set theoretic applications in poverty research
Authors: Neff Daniel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The logic of fuzzy sets derived from the mathematical theory developed by Zadeh (1965) has not only influenced the development of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), but has also found entry into poverty research. The aim of this paper is to point the reader to these parallel developments. Poverty researchers necessarily have to make two methodological choices which are always contestable: the identification of a poverty line or threshold, the identification problem, and the choice of a unit of analysis as well as of a measure, the aggregation problem. Current theoretical and practical contributions to poverty research have pointed to the vagueness of the concept itself and the complexity of its measurement and have made use of fuzzy set logic to address these challenges. As shall be argued, fuzzy set theory provides a solution or at least a less arbitrary way forward to address these problems and is particularly suitable for the analysis of multidimensional poverty. Using unique household level data from two villages of Andhra Pradesh, India from 2007, the paper provides an illustrative example of what steps to take to derive a multidimensional poverty index based on fuzzy set theory and discusses the distinct advantages such a procedure offers for policy analysis and evaluation purposes.
A fuzzy set ideal-type approach to measuring the competition state
Authors: Horsfall Daniel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Contemporary empirical explorations of the welfare state have paid much attention to its multidimensional nature, noting that nations blend differing approaches to the various dimensions of the welfare state. Sometimes such behaviours can even be contradictory with behaviour in one policy arena perhaps being typically liberal in contrast to the corporatist roots of other behaviours. In much the same way those who argue that the welfare state has changed so substantially as to warrant redefining offer nuanced and multidimensional accounts of what has replaced the welfare state. In this paper we see how nations engage with the competition state as the successor to the welfare state and are presented with data that suggests countries, while engaging with the competition state model, are doing so in their own ways.
Laminar and transitional liquid metal duct flow near a magnetic point dipole
Authors: Tympel Saskia , Boeck Thomas , Schumacher Jörg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe flow transformation and the generation of vortex structures by a strong magnetic dipole field in a liquid metal duct flow is studied by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The dipole is considered as the paradigm for a magnetic obstacle which will deviate the streamlines due to Lorentz forces acting on the fluid elements. The duct is of square cross-section. The dipole is located above the top wall and is centred in spanwise direction. Our model uses the quasistatic approximation which is applicable in the limit of small magnetic Reynolds numbers. The analysis covers the stationary flow regime at small hydrodynamic Reynolds numbers $\mathit{Re}$ as well as the transitional time-dependent regime at higher values which may generate a turbulent flow in the wake of the magnetic obstacle. We present a systematic study of these two basic flow regimes and their dependence on $\mathit{Re}$ and on the Hartmann number $\mathit{Ha}$, a measure of the strength of the magnetic dipole field. Furthermore, three orientations of the dipole are compared: streamwise-, spanwise- and wall-normal-oriented dipole axes. The most efficient generation of turbulence at a fixed distance above the duct follows for the spanwise orientation, which is caused by a certain configuration of Hartmann layers and reversed flow at the top plate. The enstrophy in the turbulent wake grows linearly with $\mathit{Ha}$ which is connected with a dominance of the wall-normal derivative of the streamwise velocity.