bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiel d’élimination des déchets végétaux (feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima) par méthanisation à Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo)
Authors: Ngoma Philippe Mambanzulua , Hiligsmann Serge , Zola Eric Sumbu , Ongena Marc , Thonart Philippe 
Published: June 2015

La République Démocratique du Congo produit annuellement environ 2,2 millions de tonnes de déchets dans sa capitale, Kinshasa. Ces déchets sont constitués de 66 % de matières organiques dans lesquelles 94 % sont des déchets végétaux et la majorité des feuilles mortes. Parmi ces feuilles, celles de Mangifera Indica et Manihot Utilissima sont les plus accessibles. Elles sont générées via les ménages et les marchés, mais ne sont pas recyclées convenablement. Certains maraîchers les utilisent irrationnellement comme engrais et n’obtiennent pas les résultats attendus. À cet effet, ces déchets gênent et polluent l’environnement. D’autre part, les ménages kinois éprouvent d’énormes difficultés pour s’approvisionner en énergie. La surexploitation du bois énergie entraîne la détérioration des écosystèmes et de la santé publique. Ces méfaits seraient réduits simultanément et durablement par l’exploitation rationnelle de la bioénergie et des biofertilisants résultant de la digestion anaérobie ou biométhanisation des déchets végétaux. En supposant que cette biomasse végétale est constituée uniquement des feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima, le pouvoir énergétique du biogaz émanant de leur biométhanisation réduirait respectivement la consommation en bois énergie de 39 % et 134 %. Par ailleurs, la quantité de digestats produits couvrirait par épandage une superficie proche de celle de la déforestation. Ces estimations montrent un potentiel de valorisation de ces déchets végétaux intéressant pour l’assainissement, les besoins énergétiques, l’afforestation et l’agriculture. De ce fait, ils seraient gérés directement dans leurs lieux de génération pour minimiser les coûts de transport et de traitement industriel.
Représentation sociale du milieu marin et iconographie du territoire chez des élus de communes littorales françaises
Authors: Moel Béatrice Le , Moliner Pascal , Ramadier Thierry 
Published: June 2015

Dans cette étude, on a demandé à des élus (n =141) de communes littorales (n =39), réparties sur 4 zones géographiques (Atlantique, Languedoc-Roussillon, Manche et Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur) de dessiner la carte de leur territoire communal. Les participants devaient ensuite réaliser deux tâches d’association verbale destinées à explorer leurs représentations du territoire marin de leur commune. L’analyse des associations verbales (Analyse de classification hiérarchique et analyse de similitude) fait apparaître trois types d’ancrage de la représentation du territoire marin. À partir de ces différents ancrages, on identifie trois sous-groupes d’élus. L’analyse du contenu des dessins montre que selon leur ancrage de la représentation du territoire marin, les élus ne produisent pas les mêmes types de dessins. Ces résultats apportent des éléments de validation à l’hypothèse d’un lien entre représentations (sociales ou spatiales) et iconographie. Mais la recherche suggère aussi une méthodologie originale pour l’étude des significations sociales associées aux territoires.
Cutting Edge: PD-1 Regulates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis through Inhibition of IL-17A Expression by Innate γδ-Low T Cells
Authors: Imai Yasutomo , Ayithan Natarajan , Wu Xuesong , Yuan Ying , Wang Li , Hwang Sam T. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a key regulatory molecule that has been targeted in human cancers, including melanoma. In clinical testing, Abs against PD-1 have resulted in psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD). To determine whether PD-1 regulates PsD, we compared skin responses of PD-1–deficient (PD-1KO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine model of psoriasis. PD-1KO mice showed severe epidermal hyperplasia, greater neutrophilic infiltration, and higher expression of Th17 cytokines (versus WT mice). IMQ exposure increased PD-1 expression by skin γδ-low (GDL) T cells and enhanced expression of PD-L1 by keratinocytes. Three-fold increases in the percentage of IL-17A+ GDL T cells were observed in skin cell suspensions derived from IMQ-treated PD-1KO mice (versus WT controls), suggesting that the lack of PD-1 has a functional effect not only on αβ T cells, but also on GDL T cells, and that PD-1 may play a regulatory role in PsD.
Metabolomic Endotype of Asthma
Authors: Comhair Suzy A. A. , McDunn Jonathan , Bennett Carole , Fettig Jade , Erzurum Serpil C. , Kalhan Satish C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Metabolomics, the quantification of small biochemicals in plasma and tissues, can provide insight into complex biochemical processes and enable the identification of biomarkers that may serve as therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that the plasma metabolome of asthma would reveal metabolic consequences of the specific immune and inflammatory responses unique to endotypes of asthma. The plasma metabolomic profiles of 20 asthmatic subjects and 10 healthy controls were examined using an untargeted global and focused metabolomic analysis. Individuals were classified based on clinical definitions of asthma severity or by levels of fraction of exhaled NO (FENO), a biomarker of airway inflammation. Of the 293 biochemicals identified in the plasma, 25 were significantly different among asthma and healthy controls (p &lt; 0.05). Plasma levels of taurine, lathosterol, bile acids (taurocholate and glycodeoxycholate), nicotinamide, and adenosine-5-phosphate were significantly higher in asthmatics compared with healthy controls. Severe asthmatics had biochemical changes related to steroid and amino acid/protein metabolism. Asthmatics with high FENO, compared with those with low FENO, had higher levels of plasma branched-chain amino acids and bile acids. Asthmatics have a unique plasma metabolome that distinguishes them from healthy controls and points to activation of inflammatory and immune pathways. The severe asthmatic and high FENO asthmatic have unique endotypes that suggest changes in NO-associated taurine transport and bile acid metabolism.
Metric Compactifications and Coarse Structures
Authors: Mine Kotaro , Yamashita Atsushi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLetTBbe the category of totally bounded, locally compact metric spaces with the C0coarse structures. We show that ifXandYare inTB, thenXandYare coarsely equivalent if and only if their Higson coronas are homeomorphic. In fact, the Higson corona functor gives an equivalence of categoriesTB→K, whereKis the category of compact metrizable spaces. We use this fact to show that the continuously controlled coarse structure on a locally compact spaceXinduced by some metrizable compactificationis determined only by the topology of the remainder.
Distributive and Anti-distributive Mendelsohn Triple Systems
Authors: Donovan Diane M. , Griggs Terry S. , McCourt Thomas A. , Opršal Jakub , Stanovský David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We prove that the existence spectrum of Mendelsohn triple systems whose associated quasigroups satisfy distributivity corresponds to the Loeschian numbers, and provide some enumeration results. We do this by considering a description of the quasigroups in terms of commutative Moufang loops. In addition we provide constructions of Mendelsohn quasigroups that fail distributivity for asmany combinations of elements as possible. These systems are analogues of Hall triple systems and anti-mitre Steiner triple systems respectively.
Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Population of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Shakya Prabha , Jain Deshraj , Sonkesariya Subhash , Prasad SV Sai 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dentulism, partial edentulism and complete edentulism in rural and urban population of Malwa region of India, who visited at department of prosthodontics for the first time.

Materials and methods
An institution-based, cross-sectional study using the random sampling method was used to select the study sample of 1000 males and females. Data were collected using questionnaires and oral examination. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results
Nearly, 38.5 and 63.1% of the rural and urban females were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. 61.4 and 36% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 41.9 and 48.2% of the rural and urban females were partial edentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Fifty-eight and 51.7% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 22.4 and 55.8% of the rural and urban females were completing edentulous in the age of above 43 years in both population. 77.5 and 44.1% of rural and urban males were completing edentulous in the age of above 33 and 53 years.

Limitation
The study was conducted in an institution-based set-up. Hence, any interpretation of the results of this study must bear this limitation in mind.

Conclusion
It is essential to identify feasible strategies to provide primary dental health education and treatment to all rural and urban elderly in the future. We suggest community dental health services to be included in general health of the elderly rather than a special health need of the community.

How to cite this article
Sonkesariya S, Jain D, Shakya P, Agrawal R, Prasad SVS. Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Popu- lation of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):112-119.
Achieving Esthetics with Andrew's Bridge
Authors: Joshi Shubha , Kolaganti Prasan Kumar , Shalini BN , Kolaganti Sowjanya , Jesudass G 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The anterior ridge defects present in a patient are very difficult to treat and they require great amount of planning, like removable or fixed prosthesis and options of implant. Here is a article that describes the process of fabrication of Andrew's bridge to treat a class III anterior ridge defect using natural teeth as abutments for its fixed component followed by a removable component. The procedure of fabricating Andrew's bridge was undertaken when a 26 years old patient came to the department of prosthodontia after being operated for the cleft lip and palate. After the patient was treated with this Andrew's bar system, it was evaluated over a long period of time and accordingly it was concluded that the patient had a good adaptability, comfort, pleasing esthetics and phonetics were achieved as desired and can be given in patients where esthetics due to repositioning of teeth creates difficulties.

How to cite this article
Kolaganti PK, Joshi S, Shalini BN, Kolaganti S, Jesudass G. Achieving Esthetics with Andrew's Bridge. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):127-130.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Lateral Midfacial Defect Combined with Hemimandibulectomy using Multiple/Sectional Prosthesis
Authors: Geethu RM , Anilkumar S , Rajesh C , Uniyal Shashank 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Extraoral maxillofacial rehabilitation of patients with large midfacial defects has always perplexed the prosthodontist. Retention of such large facial prosthesis can be challenging due to its increased size and weight. This clinical report describes the technique of prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with large midfacial defect using a hollow light-weight intraoral-extraoral combination prosthesis utilizing rare-earth magnets as a retention tool. This prosthesis dramatically improved the function, esthetics and comfort, thus, enabling him to lead a normal life.

How to cite this article
Geethu RM, Anilkumar S, Rajesh C, Uniyal S. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Lateral Midfacial Defect Combined with Hemimandibulectomy using Multiple/Sectional Prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):131-137.
Comparison of the data‐driven top‐down and bottom‐up global terrestrial CO2 exchanges: GOSAT CO2 inversion and empirical eddy flux upscaling
Authors: Kondo Masayuki , Ichii Kazuhito , Takagi Hiroshi , Sasakawa Motoki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe examined the consistency between terrestrial biosphere fluxes (terrestrial CO2 exchanges) from data‐driven top‐down (GOSAT CO2 inversion) and bottom‐up (empirical eddy flux upscaling based on a support vector regression (SVR) model) approaches over 42 global terrestrial regions from June 2009 to October 2011. Seasonal variations of the biosphere fluxes by the two approaches agreed well in boreal and temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. Both fluxes also exhibited strong anomalous signals in response to contrasting anomalous spring temperatures observed in North America and boreal Eurasia. This indicates that the CO2 concentration data integrated in the GOSAT inversion and the meteorological and vegetation data in the SVR models are equally effective in producing spatiotemporal variations of biosphere flux. Meanwhile, large differences in seasonality were found in subtropical and tropical South America, South Asia, and Africa. The GOSAT inversion showed seasonal variations that pivoted around CO2 neutral, while the SVR model showed seasonal variations that tended toward CO2 sink. Thus, a large difference in CO2 budget was identified between the two approaches in subtropical and tropical regions across the Southern Hemisphere. Examination of the integrated data revealed that the large tropical sink of CO2 by the SVR model was an artifact due to the underrepresented biosphere fluxes predicted by limited eddy flux data for tropical biomes. Because of the global coverage of CO2 concentration data, the GOSAT inversion provides better estimates of continental CO2 flux than the SVR model in the Southern Hemisphere.
Southern Hemisphere extratropical circulation: Recent trends and natural variability
Authors: Thomas Jordan L. , Waugh Darryn W. , Gnanadesikan Anand 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChanges in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerly jet location, and magnitude are linked with changes in ocean circulation along with ocean heat and carbon uptake. Recent trends have been observed in these fields but not much is known about the natural variability. Here we aim to quantify the natural variability of the SH extratropical circulation by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) preindustrial control model runs and compare with the observed trends in SAM, jet magnitude, and jet location. We show that trends in SAM are due partly to external forcing but are not outside the natural variability as described by these models. Trends in jet location and magnitude, however, lie outside the unforced natural variability but can be explained by a combination of natural variability and the ensemble mean forced trend. These results indicate that trends in these three diagnostics cannot be used interchangeably.
Effects of initial conditions uncertainty on regional climate variability: An analysis using a low‐resolution CESM ensemble
Authors: Sriver Ryan L. , Forest Chris E. , Keller Klaus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe uncertainties surrounding the initial conditions in Earth system models can considerably influence interpretations about climate trends and variability. Here we present results from a new climate change ensemble experiment using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to analyze the effect of internal variability on regional climate variables that are relevant for decision making. Each simulation is initialized from a unique and dynamically consistent model state sampled from a ~10,000 year fully coupled equilibrium simulation, which captures the internal unforced variability of the coupled Earth system. We find that internal variability has a sizeable contribution to the modeled ranges of temperature and precipitation. The effects increase for more localized regions. The ensemble exhibits skill in simulating key regional climate processes relevant to decision makers, such as seasonal temperature variability and extremes. The presented ensemble framework and results can provide useful resources for uncertainty quantification, integrated assessment, and climate risk management.
Statistical storm time examination of MLT‐dependent plasmapause location derived from IMAGE EUV
Authors: Katus R. M. , Gallagher D. L. , Liemohn M. W. , Keesee A. M. , Sarno‐Smith L. K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe location of the outer edge of the plasmasphere (the plasmapause) as a function of geomagnetic storm time is identified and investigated statistically in regard to the solar wind driver. Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) data are used to create an automated method that locates and extracts the plasmapause. The plasmapause extraction technique searches a set range of possible plasmasphere densities for a maximum gradient. The magnetic local time (MLT)‐dependent plasmapause results are compared to manual extraction results. The plasmapause results from 39 intense storms are examined along a normalized epoch storm timeline to determine the average plasmapause L shell as a function of MLT and storm time. The average extracted plasmapause L shell follows the expected storm time plasmapause behavior. The results show that during the main phase, the plasmapause moves earthward and a plasmaspheric drainage plume forms near dusk and across the dayside during strong convection. During the recovery phase, the plume rejoins the corotationally driven plasma while the average plasmapause location moves farther from the Earth. The results are also examined in terms of the solar wind driver. We find evidence that shows that the different categories of solar wind drivers result in different plasmaspheric configurations. During magnetic cloud‐driven events the plasmaspheric drainage plume appears at the start of the main phase. During sheath‐driven events the plume forms later but typically extends further in MLT.
Bias in MODIS cloud drop effective radius for oceanic water clouds as deduced from optical thickness variability across scattering angles
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Di Girolamo Larry , Sun Wenbo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) represents our most advanced system for long‐term, global observations of cloud optical depth (τ) and cloud drop effective radius (Re). Here we show that the both zonal means of (1) MODIS‐retrieved τ and Re and (2) τ retrieved from the Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) using MODIS‐retrieved Re as input exhibit a large, local negative bias in the rainbow scattering direction relative to adjacent scattering angles for oceanic water clouds. Using radiative transfer simulations, we demonstrate that these local biases are explained by overestimates in MODIS‐retrieved Re. While 3‐D factors on the angular variability of τ are evident, we conclude that a Re bias is itself an important contributor to this variability. With 3‐D factors present, we show that upper and lower bound estimates on the biases in the three MODIS Re products, namely Re1.6, Re2.1, and Re3.7 retrieved from 1.6, 2.1, and 3.7 µm channels, respectively, are possible from a combination of MISR and MODIS data. The midpoints of the upper and lower bounds in zonal mean biases are estimated to be 3–11 µm for Re2.1 and Re1.6 and 2–7 µm for Re3.7, depending on latitude, with smaller biases at latitudes where more stratiform clouds contribute to the total low cloud cover. Removing the bias from the zonal means reveals that Re1.6, Re2.1, and Re3.7 are more similar with each other compared to their original values. The change in zonal mean of Re as a function of latitude is also very different between original and bias‐corrected products. These differences change the interpretation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Re from the original MODIS product.
Effect of interannual variation in winter vertical mixing on CH4 dynamics in a subtropical reservoir
Authors: Itoh Masayuki , Kobayashi Yuki , Chen Tzong‐Yueh , Tokida Takeshi , Fukui Manabu , Kojima Hisaya , Miki Takeshi , Tayasu Ichiro , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Okuda Noboru 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough freshwaters are considered to be substantial natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), in situ processes of CH4 production and consumption in freshwater ecosystems are poorly understood, especially in subtropical areas, leading to uncertainties in the estimation of global CH4 emissions. To improve our understanding of physical and biogeochemical factors affecting CH4 dynamics in subtropical lakes, we examined vertical and seasonal profiles of dissolved CH4 and its carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) and conducted incubation experiments to assess CH4 production and oxidation in the deep subtropical Fei‐Tsui Reservoir (FTR; Taiwan). The mixing pattern of the FTR is essentially monomixis, but the intensity of winter vertical mixing changes with climatic conditions. In years with incomplete vertical mixing (does not reach the bottom) and subsequent strong thermal stratification resulting in profundal hypoxia, we observed increases in sedimentary CH4 production and thus profundal CH4 storage with the development of reducing conditions. In contrast, in years with strong winter vertical mixing to the bottom of the reservoir, CH4 production was suppressed under NO3−‐rich conditions, during which denitrifiers have the competitive advantage over methanogens. Diffusive emission from profundal CH4 storage appeared to be negligible due to the efficiency of CH4 oxidation during ascent through methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) activity. Most of the profundal CH4 was rapidly oxidized by MOB in both oxic and anoxic layers, as characterized by its carbon isotope signature. In contrast, aerobic CH4 production in the subsurface layer, which may be enhanced under high temperatures in summer, may account for a large portion of atmospheric CH4 emissions from this reservoir. Our CH4 profiling results provide valuable information for future studies predicting CH4 emissions from subtropical lakes with the progress of global warming.
C9orf72 ablation in mice does not cause motor neuron degeneration or motor deficits
Authors: Koppers Max , Blokhuis Anna M. , Westeneng Henk‐Jan , Terpstra Margo L. , Zundel Caroline A. C. , Vieira de Sá Renata , Schellevis Raymond D. , Waite Adrian J. , Blake Derek J. , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveHow hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat expansions in C9ORF72 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains poorly understood. Both gain‐ and loss‐of‐function mechanisms have been proposed. Evidence supporting these mechanisms in vivo is, however, incomplete. Here we determined the effect of C9orf72 loss‐of‐function in mice.MethodsWe generated and analyzed a conditional C9orf72 knockout mouse model. C9orf72fl/fl mice were crossed with Nestin‐Cre mice to selectively remove C9orf72 from neurons and glial cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study motor neurons and neuromuscular integrity, as well as several pathological hallmarks of ALS, such as gliosis and TDP‐43 mislocalization. In addition, motor function and survival were assessed.ResultsNeural‐specific ablation of C9orf72 in conditional C9orf72 knockout mice resulted in significantly reduced body weight but did not induce motor neuron degeneration, defects in motor function, or altered survival.InterpretationOur data suggest that C9orf72 loss‐of‐function, by itself, is insufficient to cause motor neuron disease. These results may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for C9orf72‐associated ALS. Ann Neurol 2015;78:426–438