bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human rights of the mentally ill in Indonesia
Authors: Nurjannah I. , Mills J. , Park T. , Usher K. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThe mentally ill are vulnerable to human rights violations, particularly in Indonesia, where shackling is widespread.AimThe aim of this study was to understand the provision of mental health care in Indonesia, thereby identifying ways to improve care and better support carers.MethodsGrounded theory methods were used. Study participants included health professionals, non‐health professionals and individuals living with a mental disorder who were well at the time (n = 49). Data were collected through interviews conducted in 2011 and 2012.ResultsThe core category of this grounded theory is ‘connecting care’ a term coined by the authors to describe a model of care that involves health professionals and non‐health professionals, such as family members. Four main factors influence care‐providers' decision‐making: competence, willingness, available resources and compliance with institutional policy. Health professionals are influenced most strongly by institutional policy when deciding whether to accept or shift responsibility to provide care. Non‐health professionals base their decisions largely on personal circumstances. Jointly‐made decisions can be matched or unmatched. Unmatched decisions can result in forced provision of care, increasing risks of human rights violations.LimitationsGeneralization of this grounded theory is difficult as the research was conducted in two provinces of Indonesia.ConclusionInstitutional policy was important in the process of connecting care for the mentally ill in Indonesia and needs to be underpinned by legislation to protect human rights.Implications for nursing and health policyStrengthening mental health legislation in Indonesia will allow nurses to connect care more effectively.
Phase‐Composition‐Dependent Piezoelectric and Electromechanical Strain Properties in (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–Ba(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3 Lead‐Free Ceramics
Authors: Li Feng , Zuo Ruzhong , Zheng Donggeng , Li Longtu 
Published: November 2014

New lead‐free perovskite solid solution ceramics of (1 − x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–xBa(Ni1/2Nb1/2)O3[(1−x)BNT–xBNN,x = 0.02–0.06) were prepared and their dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were investigated as a function of the BNN content. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the addition of BNN has induced a morphotropic phase transformation from rhombohedral to pseudocubic symmetry approximately at x = 0.045, accompanying an evolution of dielectric relaxor behavior as characterized by enhanced dielectric diffuseness and frequency dispersion. In the proximity of the ferroelectric rhombohedral and pseudocubic phase coexistence zone, the x = 0.045 ceramics exhibited optimal piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling properties of d33~121 pC/N and kp~0.27 owing to decreased energy barriers for polarization switching. However, further addition of BNN could cause a decrease in freezing temperatures of polar nanoregions till the coexistence of nonergodic and ergodic relaxor phases occurred near room temperature, especially for the x = 0.05 sample which has negligible negative strains and thus show the maximum electrostrain of 0.3% under an external electric field of 7 kV/mm, but almost vanished piezoelectric properties. This was attributed to the fact that the induced long‐range ferroelectric order could reversibly switch back to its original ergodic state upon removal of external electric fields.
Explaining the “Pulse of Protoplasm”: The search for molecular mechanisms of protoplasmic streaming
Authors: Dietrich Michael R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractExplanations for protoplasmic streaming began with appeals to contraction in the eighteenth century and ended with appeals to contraction in the twentieth. During the intervening years, biologists proposed a diverse array of mechanisms for streaming motions. This paper focuses on the re‐emergence of contraction among the molecular mechanisms proposed for protoplasmic streaming during the twentieth century. The revival of contraction is a result of a broader transition from colloidal chemistry to a macromolecular approach to the chemistry of proteins, the recognition of the phenomena of shuttle streaming and the pulse of protoplasm, and the influential analogy between protoplasmic streaming and muscle contraction.Michael R. Dietrich
A novel segmentation approach for noisy medical images using Intuitionistic fuzzy divergence with neighbourhood‐based membership function
Authors: JATI A. , SINGH G. , KOLEY S. , KONAR A. , RAY A.K. , CHAKRABORTY C. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMedical image segmentation demands higher segmentation accuracy especially when the images are affected by noise. This paper proposes a novel technique to segment medical images efficiently using an intuitionistic fuzzy divergence–based thresholding. A neighbourhood‐based membership function is defined here. The intuitionistic fuzzy divergence–based image thresholding technique using the neighbourhood‐based membership functions yield lesser degradation of segmentation performance in noisy environment. Its ability in handling noisy images has been validated. The algorithm is independent of any parameter selection. Moreover, it provides robustness to both additive and multiplicative noise. The proposed scheme has been applied on three types of medical image datasets in order to establish its novelty and generality. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been compared with other standard algorithms viz. Otsu's method, fuzzy C‐means clustering, and fuzzy divergence–based thresholding with respect to (1) noise‐free images and (2) ground truth images labelled by experts/clinicians. Experiments show that the proposed methodology is effective, more accurate and efficient for segmenting noisy images.
Moral Distress Among Healthcare Professionals: Report of an Institution‐Wide Survey
Authors: Whitehead Phyllis B. , Herbertson Robert K. , Hamric Ann B. , Epstein Elizabeth G. , Fisher Joan M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurposeMoral distress is a phenomenon affecting many professionals across healthcare settings. Few studies have used a standard measure of moral distress to assess and compare differences among professions and settings.DesignA descriptive, comparative design was used to study moral distress among all healthcare professionals and all settings at one large healthcare system in January 2011.MethodsData were gathered via a web‐based survey of demographics, the Moral Distress Scale‐Revised (MDS‐R), and a shortened version of Olson's Hospital Ethical Climate Scale (HECS‐S).FindingsFive hundred ninety‐two (592) clinicians completed usable surveys (22%). Moral distress was present in all professional groups. Nurses and other professionals involved in direct patient care had significantly higher moral distress than physicians (p = .001) and other indirect care professionals (p < .001). Moral distress was negatively correlated with ethical workplace climate (r = ‐0.516; p < .001). Watching patient care suffer due to lack of continuity and poor communication were the highest‐ranked sources of moral distress for all professional groups, but the groups varied in other identified sources. Providers working in adult or intensive care unit (ICU) settings had higher levels of moral distress than did clinicians in pediatric or non‐ICU settings (p < .001). Providers who left or considered leaving a position had significantly higher moral distress levels than those who never considered leaving (p < .001). Providers who had training in end‐of‐life care had higher average levels of moral distress than those without this training (p = .005).ConclusionsAlthough there may be differences in perspectives and experiences, moral distress is a common experience for clinicians, regardless of profession.Clinical RelevanceMoral distress is associated with burnout and intention to leave a position. By understanding its root causes, interventions can be tailored to minimize moral distress with the ultimate goal of enhancing patient care, staff satisfaction, and retention.
Information Diversity and Complementarities in Trading and Information Acquisition
Authors: GOLDSTEIN ITAY , YANG LIYAN 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWe analyze a model in which different traders are informed of different fundamentals that affect the security value. We identify a source for strategic complementarities in trading and information acquisition: aggressive trading on information about one fundamental reduces uncertainty in trading on information about the other fundamental, encouraging more trading and information acquisition on that fundamental. This tends to amplify the effect of exogenous changes in the underlying information environment. Due to complementarities, greater diversity of information in the economy improves price informativeness. We discuss the relation between our model and recent financial phenomena and derive testable empirical implications.
Migration and invasion of oral squamous carcinoma cells is promoted by WNT5A, a regulator of cancer progression
Authors: Prgomet Zdenka , Axelsson Lena , Lindberg Pia , Andersson Tommy 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes 90% of all cancers in the oral cavity, and the prognosis for patients diagnosed with OSCC is still poor. The identification of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for OSCC is therefore essential. Previous studies of OSCC revealed an increased expression of WNT5A in the tumor tissue. However, no functional studies of WNT5A‐induced effects in OSCC have been performed.MethodsTwo different OSCC cell lines were used for analysis of WNT5A expression by Western blot, whereas WNT5A‐induced responses were analyzed by measuring calcium (Ca2+) signaling, PKC activation, migration and invasion.ResultsDespite the lack of WNT5A expression, both cell lines responded to recombinant WNT5A (rWNT5A) with activation of the non‐canonical WNT/Ca2+/PKC pathway. This effect was ascertained to be mediated by WNT5A by use of the WNT5A antagonist, Box5. To investigate how WNT5A affects tumor progression, rWNT5A‐induced alterations in BrdU absorbance (reflecting the number of tumor cells) were analyzed. rWNT5A had no effect on BrdU absorbance but instead promoted tumor cell migration and invasion. These results were confirmed by the use of the WNT5A‐mimicking peptide Foxy5, while the rWNT5A‐induced migration was blocked by secreted Frizzled‐related protein 1 (SFRP1), protein kinase C inhibitors or the intracellular Ca2+ chelator, MAPT.ConclusionsThese novel data clearly show that WNT5A activates the non‐canonical WNT/Ca2+/PKC pathway and increases migration and invasion of OSCC cells. This may indicate how an increased WNT5A expression in the tumor tissue is likely to promote progression of OSCC.
The Metabolic Syndrome and Sexual Function in Climacteric Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Politano Carlos A. , Valadares Ana L.R. , Pinto-Neto Aarão , Costa-Paiva Lúcia 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Studies have associated the metabolic syndrome with poor sexual function; the results, however, are controversial.

Aims
To evaluate the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and sexual function and to identify the factors associated with poor sexual function.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study including 256 women of 40–60 years of age receiving care at the outpatient department of a university teaching hospital.

Main Outcome Measures
A specific questionnaire was applied to collect sociodemographic and behavioral data, and the Short Personal Experience Questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual function, with a score ≤7 being indicative of poor sexual function. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were determined.

Results
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the International Diabetes Federation, was 62.1%, and the prevalence of poor sexual function was 31.4%. The only factor related to female sexual function that was associated with the metabolic syndrome was sexual dysfunction in the woman‘s partner. The factors associated with poor sexual function in the bivariate analysis were age &gt;50 years (P = 0.003), not having a partner (P &lt; 0.001), being postmenopausal (P = 0.046), the presence of hot flashes (P = 0.02), poor self-perception of health (P = 0.04), partner's age ≥50 years, and time with partner ≥21 years. Reported active (P = 0.02) and passive (P = 0.01) oral sex was associated with an absence of sexual dysfunction. In the multiple regression analysis, the only factor associated with poor sexual function was being 50 years of age or more.

Conclusions
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was high and was not associated with poor sexual function in this sample of menopausal women. The only factor associated with poor sexual function was being over 50 years of age.
Influence of Androgen Receptor CAG Polymorphism on Sexual Function Recovery after Testosterone Therapy in Late-Onset Hypogonadism
Authors: Tirabassi Giacomo , Corona Giovanni , Biagioli Andrea , Buldreghini Eddi , delli Muti Nicola , Maggi Mario , Balercia Giancarlo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Androgen receptor (AR) CAG polymorphism has been found to influence sexual function. However, no study has evaluated its potential to condition sexual function recovery after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in a large cohort of hypogonadic subjects.

Aim
To evaluate the role of this polymorphism in sexual function improvement after TRT in late-onset hypogonadism (LOH).

Methods
Seventy-three men affected by LOH were retrospectively considered. Evaluations were performed before TRT started (time 0) and before the sixth undecanoate testosterone injection.

Main Outcome Measures
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire (erectile function [EF], orgasmic function [OF], sexual desire [SD], intercourse satisfaction [IS], overall satisfaction [OS], and total IIEF-15 score); total and free testosterone and estradiol; AR gene CAG repeat number.

Results
TRT induced a significant increase in total and free testosterone and estradiol. All IIEF domains significantly improved after TRT. AR CAG repeats negatively and significantly correlated with all the variations (Δ-) of sexual function domains, except for Δ-OS. Conversely, Δ-total testosterone was found to be positively and significantly correlated with sexual function domain variations, except for Δ-IS and Δ-OS. Δ-estradiol did not correlate significantly with any of the variations of sexual function domains. After inclusion in generalized linear models, the number of AR gene CAG triplets was found to be independently and negatively associated with Δ-EF, Δ-SD, Δ-IS, and Δ-Total IIEF-15 score, whereas Δ-total testosterone was independently and positively associated with Δ-EF, Δ-OF, Δ-SD, and Δ-Total IIEF-15 score. However, after including time 0 total testosterone in the model, AR gene CAG triplets remained independently and negatively associated only with Δ-EF and Δ-Total IIEF-15 score, whereas Δ-total testosterone was independently and positively associated only with Δ-EF.

Conclusions
Longer length of AR gene CAG repeat tract seems to lower TRT-induced improvement of sexual function in LOH.
A neuronal DNA damage response is detected at the earliest stages of Alzheimer's neuropathology and correlates with cognitive impairment in the Medical Research Council's Cognitive Function and Ageing Study ageing brain cohort
Authors: Simpson Julie E. , Ince Paul G. , Matthews Fiona E. , Shaw Pamela J. , Heath Paul R. , Brayne Carol , Garwood Claire , Higginbottom Adrian , Wharton Stephen B. ,   MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Neuropathology Study Group
Published: December 2014

AimsPopulation‐based studies have shown that approximately 20% of the ageing population (aged 65 years and over) with dementia have little or no classical Alzheimer‐type neuropathology. Cumulative DNA damage and a reduced capacity of DNA repair may result in neuronal dysfunction and contribute to cognitive impairment independent of Alzheimer‐type pathology in the ageing brain.MethodsWe investigated expression of the DNA damage response (DDR)‐associated molecules γH2AX and DNA‐PKcs using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase in the frontal association neocortex of cases with low levels of Alzheimer‐type pathology (Braak & Braak stage 0–II), and explored their relationship to cognitive impairment in a population‐representative sample from the Medical Research Council's Cognitive Function and Ageing Study cohort.ResultsIncreases in both γH2AX+ (rs = −0.36, P = 0.025) and DNA‐PKcs+ (rs = −0.39, P = 0.01) neuronal counts were associated with a lower Mini‐Mental State Examination score. Increasing levels of senescence associated‐β‐gal+ pyramidal neurones were weakly associated with the total number of DNA‐PKcs+ neurones (P = 0.08), but not with traditional senescence‐associated signalling molecules, including p53 and p16.ConclusionThe association between the neuronal DDR and cognitive impairment, independent of AD pathology in the ageing brain, may be suggestive of a causal link via neuronal dysfunction.
Early‐life stress selectively affects gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain–gut axis dysfunction
Authors: Hyland N. P. , O'Mahony S. M. , O'Malley D. , O'Mahony C. M. , Dinan T. G. , Cryan J. F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundEarly‐life stress and a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety‐ and depressive‐like phenotype are associated with behavioral and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Animals exposed to early‐life stress, and those genetically predisposed to display anxiety or depressive behaviors, have proven useful tools in which to study stress‐related GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a heterogeneous disorder, and likely a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors. However, the combined effects of early‐life stress and a genetic predisposition to display anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors on GI function have not been investigated.MethodsWe assessed the effect of maternal separation (MS) on behavioral and GI responses in WKY animals relative to a normo‐anxious reference strain.Key ResultsBoth non‐separated (NS) WKY and WKY‐MS animals displayed anxiety‐like responses in the open‐field test and depressive‐like behaviors in the forced swim test relative to Sprague–Dawley rats. However, MS had no further influence on anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviors exhibited by this stress‐prone rat strain. Similarly, corticosterone levels measured after the OFT were insensitive to MS in WKY animals. However, WKY‐MS displayed significantly increased colonic visceral hypersensitivity, fecal output, and altered colonic cholinergic sensitivity.Conclusions & InferencesOur data suggest that early‐life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety‐ and depressive‐like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress‐related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early‐life adversity on GI function.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: Korean pediatric series
Authors: Lee Jiwon M. , Park Young Seo , Lee Joo Hoon , Park Se Jin , Shin Jae Il , Park Yong‐Hoon , Yoo Kee Hwan , Cho Min Hyun , Kim Su‐Young , Kim Seong Heon , Namgoong Mee Kyung , Lee Seung Joo , Lee Jun Ho , Cho Hee Yeon , Han Kyoung Hee , Kang Hee Gyung , Ha Il Soo , Bae Jun‐Seok , Kim Nayoung K. D. , Park Woong‐Yang , Cheong Hae Il 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAtypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease with a genetic predisposition. Few studies have evaluated the disease in the Asian population. We studied a Korean pediatric cohort to delineate the clinical characteristics and genotypes.MethodsA multicenter cohort of 51 Korean children with aHUS was screened for mutations using targeted exome sequencing covering 46 complement related genes. Anti‐complement‐factor‐H autoantibody (anti‐CFH) titers were measured. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assay was performed to detect deletions in the complement factor‐H related protein genes (CFHR) in the patients as well as in 100 healthy Korean controls. We grouped the patients according to etiology and compared the clinical features using Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐squared test.ResultsFifteen patients (group A, 29.7%) had anti‐CFH, and mutations were detected in 11 (group B, 21.6%), including one with combined mutations. The remaining 25 (group C, 49.0%) were negative for both. The prevalence of anti‐CFH was higher than the worldwide level. Group A had a higher onset age than group B, although the difference was not significant. Group B had the worst renal outcome. Gene frequencies of homozygous CFHR1 deletion were 73.3%, 2.7% and 1% in group A, group B + C and the control, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of anti‐CFH in the present Korean aHUS cohort was high. Clinical outcomes largely conformed to the previous reports. Although the sample size was limited, this cohort provides a reassessment of clinicogenetic features of aHUS in Korean children.
Seated movement indexes emotion and its regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Woodward Steven H. , Shurick Ashley A. , Alvarez Jennifer , Kuo Janice , Nonyieva Yuliana , Blechert Jens , McRae Kateri , Gross James J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study that administered an emotion regulation task to Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (27) and to healthy controls (23). Seated movement and postural responses were transduced with a sensitive accelerometer attached to the underside of a low‐mass cantilevered chair. Consistent with prior studies in which subjects stood on force plates, aversive photographs induced attenuation of nondirectional movement in patients and controls. Regarding seated postural responses, controls leaned towards neutral photographs and away from aversive ones, while participants with PTSD did the opposite. Regulation had no impact on seated movement but was associated with a seated postural withdrawal from the computer screen.
Early Parental Positive Behavior Support and Childhood Adjustment: Addressing Enduring Questions with New Methods
Authors: Waller Rebecca , Gardner Frances , Dishion Thomas , Sitnick Stephanie L. , Shaw Daniel S. , Winter Charlotte E. , Wilson Melvin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA large literature provides strong empirical support for the influence of parenting on child outcomes. The current study addresses enduring research questions testing the importance of early parenting behavior to children's adjustment. Specifically, we developed and tested a novel multi‐method observational measure of parental positive behavior support at age 2. Next, we tested whether early parental positive behavior support was related to child adjustment at school age, within a multi‐agent and multi‐method measurement approach and design. Observational and parent‐reported data from mother–child dyads (N = 731; 49 percent female) were collected from a high‐risk sample at age 2. Follow‐up data were collected via teacher report and child assessment at age 7.5. The results supported combining three different observational methods to assess positive behavior support at age 2 within a latent factor. Further, parents' observed positive behavior support at age 2 predicted multiple types of teacher‐reported and child‐assessed problem behavior and competencies at 7.5 years old. Results supported the validity and predictive capability of a multi‐method observational measure of parenting and the importance of a continued focus on the early years within preventive interventions.