bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Outcomes of Single-Stage versus Two-Stage Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens Orchidopexy: A Systematic Review snd Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fung Adrian Chi Heng , Tsang Jaime Tze Wing , Leung Ling , Chan Ivy Hau Yee , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Intra-abdominal testis (IAT) remains a challenging and controversial subset within the management of cryptorchidism. While Fowler–Stephens orchidopexy (FSO) is still being advocated as the gold standard for the treatment of this entity, there is new and conflicting evidence on the comparative outcomes between single- or two-stage laparoscopic FSO (LFSO). The aim of the study is to investigate whether staging has benefits in children receiving LFSO.
Methods We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Trials databases for studies comparing single- with two-stage LFSO in children from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2023. We assessed the identified studies for quality and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The main outcome measures examined were success rate (in terms of the scrotal position of the testis) and testicular atrophy, which were analyzed using fixed effect models.
Results We included 17 eligible studies that involved a total of 499 operated testes. The overall success rates of single- and two-stage LFSO were 79.4 and 90.3%, respectively. The overall testicular atrophy rates of single- and two-stage LFSO were 17.3 and 11%, respectively. Fixed effect model analysis showed that two-stage LFSO is significantly superior to single-stage LFSO in overall success rate (odds ratio [OR: 2.57]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50–4.39, p = 0.0006) and testicular atrophy rate (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28–0.79, p = 0.004). There is no heterogeneity in the reports, and the funnel plot showed no publication bias.
Conclusions Two-stage LFSO remains the first choice of operation for children with a high IAT, with a significantly higher success rate and a lower testicular atrophy rate.
A back-to-back diode model applied to van der Waals Schottky diodes
Authors: Cloninger Jeffrey A , Harris Raine , Haley Kristine L , Sterbentz Randy M , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Island Joshua O 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of metal and semimetal van der Waals contacts for 2D semiconducting devices has led to remarkable device optimizations. In comparison with conventional thin-film metal deposition, a reduction in Fermi level pinning at the contact interface for van der Waals contacts results in, generally, lower contact resistances and higher mobilities. Van der Waals contacts also lead to Schottky barriers that follow the Schottky–Mott rule, allowing barrier estimates on material properties alone. In this study, we present a double Schottky barrier model and apply it to a barrier tunable all van der Waals transistor. In a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) transistor with graphene and few-layer graphene contacts, we find that the model can be applied to extract Schottky barrier heights that agree with the Schottky–Mott rule from simple two-terminal current–voltage measurements at room temperature. Furthermore, we show tunability of the Schottky barrier in-situ using a regional contact gate. Our results highlight the utility of a basic back-to-back diode model in extracting device characteristics in all van der Waals transistors.
A thorough investigation of the antiferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Moura A R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Antiferromagnetic (AF) compounds possess distinct characteristics that render them promising candidates for advancing the application of spin degree of freedom in computational devices. For instance, AF materials exhibit minimal susceptibility to external magnetic fields while operating at frequencies significantly higher than their ferromagnetic counterparts. However, despite their potential, there remains a dearth of understanding, particularly concerning certain aspects of AF spintronics. In particular, the properties of coherent states in AF materials have received insufficient investigation, with many features extrapolated directly from the ferromagnetic scenario. Addressing this gap, this study offers a comprehensive examination of AF coherent states, shedding new light on both AF and Spin-Flop phases. Employing the Holstein-Primakoff formalism, we conduct an in-depth analysis of resonating-driven coherent phases. Subsequently, we apply this formalism to characterize antiferromagnetic resonance, a pivotal phenomenon in spin-pumping experiments, and extract crucial insights therefrom.
High-throughput analysis of topographical cues for the expansion of murine pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Conner Abigail A , Yao Yuan , Chan Sarah W , Jain Deepak , Wong Suzanne M , Yim Evelyn K F , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The expansion of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro remains a critical barrier to their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biochemical methods for PSC expansion are known to produce heterogeneous cell populations with varying states of pluripotency and are cost-intensive, hindering their clinical translation. Engineering biomaterials to physically control PSC fate offers an alternative approach. Surface or substrate topography is a promising design parameter for engineering biomaterials. Topographical cues have been shown to elicit profound effects on stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous reports have shown isotropic substrate topographies to be promising in expanding PSCs. However, the optimal feature to promote PSC proliferation and the pluripotent state has not yet been determined. In this work, the MultiARChitecture (MARC) plate is developed to conduct a high-throughput analysis of topographical cues in a 96-well plate format. The MARC plate is a reproducible and customizable platform for the analysis of multiple topographical patterns and features and is compatible with both microscopic assays and molecular biology techniques. The MARC plate is used to evaluate the expression of pluripotency markers Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 and the differentiation marker LmnA as well as the proliferation of murine embryonic stem (mES) cells. Our systematic analyses identified three topographical patterns that maintain pluripotency in mES cells after multiple passages: 1 µm pillars (1 µm spacing, square arrangement), 2 µm wells (c-c (x, y) = 4, 4 µm), and 5 µm pillars (c-c (x, y) = 7.5, 7.5 µm). This study represents a step towards developing a biomaterial platform for controlled murine PSC expansion.
Turning the attention to time-resolved EPID-images: treatment error classification with transformer multiple instance learning
Authors: Iarkin Viacheslav , de Jong Evelyn E C , Hendrix Rutger , Verhaegen Frank , Wolfs Cecile J A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this work was to develop a novel artificial intelligence-assisted in vivo dosimetry method using time-resolved (TR) dose verification data to improve quality of external beam radiotherapy. Approach. Although threshold classification methods are commonly used in error classification, they may lead to missing errors due to the loss of information resulting from the compression of multi-dimensional electronic portal imaging device (EPID) data into one or a few numbers. Recent research has investigated the classification of errors on time-integrated (TI) in vivo EPID images, with convolutional neural networks showing promise. However, it has been observed previously that TI approaches may cancel out the error presence on γ-maps during dynamic treatments. To address this limitation, simulated TR γ-maps for each volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy angle were used to detect treatment errors caused by complex patient geometries and beam arrangements. Typically, such images can be interpreted as a set of segments where only set class labels are provided. Inspired by recent weakly supervised approaches on histopathology images, we implemented a transformer based multiple instance learning approach and utilized transfer learning from TI to TR γ-maps. Main results. The proposed algorithm performed well on classification of error type and error magnitude. The accuracy in the test set was up to 0.94 and 0.81 for 11 (error type) and 22 (error magnitude) classes of treatment errors, respectively. Significance. TR dose distributions can enhance treatment delivery decision-making, however manual data analysis is nearly impossible due to the complexity and quantity of this data. Our proposed model efficiently handles data complexity, substantially improving treatment error classification compared to models that leverage TI data.
Quantum geodesics reflecting the internal structure of stars composed of shells
Authors: Cheong Sojeong , Kim Wontae 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In general relativity, an external observer cannot distinguish distinct internal structures between two spherically symmetric stars that have the same total mass M.
However, when quantum corrections are taken into account, the external metrics of the stars
will receive quantum corrections depending on their internal structures.
In this paper, we obtain the quantum-corrected metrics at linear order in curvature for two spherically symmetric shells
characterized by different internal structures: one with an empty interior and the other with N internal shells.
The dependence on the internal structures in the corrected metrics tells us that geodesics on these backgrounds would be deformed according to the internal structures. We conduct numerical computations to find out the angle of geodesic precession and show that the presence of internal structures amplifies the precession angle reflecting the discrepancy between the radial and orbital periods within the geodesic orbit.
The amount of the precession angle increases monotonically as the number of internal shells increases and it eventually converges to a certain value for N ⟶ ∞.
Application of Lock-in Amplifier Technique in Signal Blind Source Separation
Authors: Yang Jiaxiang , Lai Wugang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the realm of signal processing, frequency error stands as a critical challenge that cannot be overlooked, particularly in scenarios characterized by noise disturbances and constantly changing environmental variables, as it significantly undermines the precision of waveform separation. Faced with a spectrum of frequency error phenomena stemming from hardware instability, such as clock drift, transmission distortion, and environmental changes, this paper proposes a waveform separation scheme centered around a core closed-loop control architecture aimed at addressing such challenges. Leveraging the high-performance STM32F407 microcontroller platform, the system harnesses the powerful algorithmic advantages of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to precisely locate and delineate the spectral characteristics of signals. Furthermore, we creatively integrate lock-in amplifier technology into the meticulously designed closed-loop control system, coupled with state-of-the-art zero-crossing detection algorithms for in-depth optimization. The research findings demonstrate outstanding signal-to-noise ratio performance within predefined target frequency bands for the separation device based on lock-in amplifier technology, showcasing not only remarkable resilience against interference but also the ability to accurately separate and reconstruct target signal components with high fidelity from complex and dynamic signal environments. This significantly enhances the robustness and accuracy of the entire system.
A coordinated control method of slurry density and material level to improve cementing quality
Authors: Ji Wei , Hou Lin , Chen Feng , Jiang Rongxing , Wang Chao , Chen Chunxia , Lian Xiaolong , Qian Zhao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During the cementing stage, it is necessary to strictly control the density of the slurry injecting well to form cement sheath with good interlayer sealing capacity. However, due to the influence of factors such as unstable ash supply and coupling of operating parameters, problems such as unstable cement slurry density control and serious deviation from process design values often occur, which seriously limit the improvement of cementing efficiency and quality. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a coordinated control method of slurry density and level by combining feedforward-cascade control and split range control, to strengthen the collaborative linkage between the operating parameters of cement supply, liquid supply, slurry mixing and pump injection, and improve the quality of cement slurry density control. Finally, the proposed control method is verified by the test platform built for the actual cementing operation scenario. The test results show that the proposed method can achieve stable and accurate control of cement slurry density and effectively guarantee the safety and quality of cementing operation.
Design of a Wind Tunnel Nozzle Section Trolley Control System Based on Backstepping Method
Authors: Ben Baojia , Lin Jinshuai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To accommodate different types of supersonic wind tunnel tests, frequent replacements of nozzle sections and test sections are required, involving multiple complex technical processes. To optimize operational procedures and improve efficiency, a control system for the wind tunnel nozzle section trolley based on the backstepping method was designed. The system uses radio frequency identification (RFID) signals for station positioning and intelligently adjusts the speed and direction of the control motor, thus driving the trolley to move back and forth automatically. Through the simulation of the motor motion control model, the system effectively reduces random disturbances in the motion system caused by load changes, achieves precise positioning of wind tunnel plugins and nozzle assemblies, enhances system operating accuracy, reduces production cycle times, and realizes a one-button positioning function for all components, playing a significant role in improving wind tunnel test efficiency and operational quality.
Design of Digital Lock-in Amplifier based on FPGA
Authors: Hu Yuyang , Han Wensheng , Shi Menghao , Lin Xianming , Zou Peng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to achieve high-precision measurement of strong noise background signal, a digital lock-in amplifier based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is designed. The core of the lock-in amplifier consists of a signal processing module, an acquisition and quantisation module and a digital demodulation module. The signal processing module completes the amplification and gain adjustment of the input signal and modulates the signal to be measured into a specific frequency band, which is digitally quantised by the analog to digital converter (ADC) after anti-aliasing filtering and transmitted to the FPGA, and the signal to be measured is extracted by phase-sensitive detection through the mutual-correlation digital demodulation method, thus realising the detection of the weak signal. The performance of the lock-in amplifier is evaluated with a signal generator as the input source, and the results show that the signal-to-noise improvement ratio is 35dB and the relative measurement error of voltage is less than 0.03% after the digital lock-in amplifier is processed, which accurately restores the direct current (DC) signals in the noisy background, and provides an effective technical way for the accurate measurement of weak signals.
Development of calibration device for on-load tap changer tester of transformer
Authors: Yang Xuemei , He Shan , Zhang Lun , Xiao Peng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
More and more transformer on load tap changers are being tested using the AC method, which is closer to the actual operating status of the transformer on load tap changers. From the analysis of the switch operating status, the test results are closer to the actual value. However, the existing calibration devices for transformer on load tap changer testers are all aimed at DC testers, and traditional calibration methods are difficult to achieve synchronous calibration of transition resistance, transition time, and synchronization under AC test signals. Therefore, this article designs a three channel variable AC resistor module based on FPGA controlled DAC to simulate different resistors. The variable resistor module can achieve fast switching of resistors through frequency compensation, and achieve synchronous verification of analog conversion resistance, conversion time, and synchronization. After testing, the maximum allowable error of the calibration device for simulating transition resistance is ± (0.3% RD+5 m Ω), and the absolute error of transition time and synchronization is less than 20us, which fully meets the needs of laboratory calibration and solves the calibration problem of the transformer on load tap changer tester.
Design and Simulation Implementation of Indoor Lighting Integrated Control System Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Liu Yanfei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the improvement of people’s living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for the quality of the living environment. The progress of science and technology has provided the possibility for the further development of intelligent buildings. As an important component of intelligent buildings, the intelligence level of intelligent lighting is relatively fall behind, especially energy-saving and comprehensive linkage are not considered in the scope of intelligent lighting. According to the characteristics of indoor environment control variables and controlled variables, this paper uses fuzzy control method to realize the comprehensive control of indoor lighting, summarizes the corresponding measures taken by experience into control rules, and constructs a controller to control the complex lighting process instead of people. Through the construction of control rules, the natural lighting is constrained under the full consideration of the influence of temperature and ventilation. The purpose of giving priority to the use of natural lighting and taking into account the overall energy optimization of the system is achieved. The energy-saving idea of combining lighting control with other systems of intelligent building is proposed, and the system performance is simulated and analyzed. It has the advantages of high integration, high degree of intelligence, energy saving and convenient use.
Energy Saving Research on Temperature Control in Data Center Server Rooms
Authors: Su Yang , Lu Xiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To tackle the challenge of inefficient traditional control methods and energy wastage caused by temperature disparities within the data center’s server room cooling system, this research initiative initially installed temperature and humidity sensors in each cabinet to gather comprehensive data. Subsequently, a detailed mathematical model of the room’s temperature system was formulated to assess the influence of air supply airflow distribution on the temperature distribution. Following this, through the integration of fuzzy theory with the PID control strategy, a sophisticated fuzzy PID controller was developed. Utilizing Simulink, an in-depth simulation analysis of both PID and fuzzy PID temperature control strategies was executed. The outcomes of the simulations underscored that fuzzy PID control effectively addresses the time delay and stability concerns present in conventional PID temperature control systems. Lastly, empirical validation confirmed that the fuzzy PID control algorithm can proficiently manage the server room’s temperature while concurrently decreasing the intake of cold air, thus promoting energy conservation. This control approach showcases commendable adaptability and robust performance characteristics.
Gallium and magnesium substituted hydroxyapatite/carbon nanofiber composite: Improved mechanical and bioactivity for biomedical implant applications
Authors: Shinyjoy E. , Ramesh R. , Rajeswari D. , Kavitha L. , Ramya S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The primary goal of this effort is to develop an appropriate bone replacement material that exhibits superior biological, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties for potential use in the orthopedics field. For this purpose, the present work focuses on the development of gallium (Ga) and magnesium (Mg) substituted hydroxyapatite (Ga,Mg-HAP)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) composite coating on Ti6Al4V alloy. A number of methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to assess the mechanical, morphological, and structural characteristics of the Ga,Mg-HAP/CNF composite coated Ti6Al4V. Additionally, the composite’s antibacterial activity is evaluated against E. Coli and S. aureus. On various incubation days, the HOS MG63 cell’s viability on the composite coating was evaluated. The obtained result clearly shows that while the substitution of minerals would improve the biological features of the composite sample, the reinforcement of the CNF in Ga,Mg-HAP increases the mechanical strength of the composite. Therefore, the Ga,Mg-HAP/CNF composite coated Ti6Al4V will be a viable implant for applications involving biological implants.
Structural and optical properties of CdTe thin film nanoparticles prepared using chemical bath deposition technique with different Te concentration
Authors: Kavitha G. , Karunakaran M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The CdTe thin films with different Te concentration were grown by chemical bath deposition technique using glass substrates. The prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the prepared thin films are polycrystalline in nature with Zinc blend structure. Decrease in the intensities of XRD peak for decreasing the Te concentration. The characteristic phonon modes of CdTe thin film nanoparticle confirmed by Raman spectra analysis. Optical absorption studies shows that direct transition with decrease in band gap energy with decreasing the Te molar concentration. Green emission was observed for prepared CdTe thin films excited with 325 nm.
Antitubercular nanocarrier monotherapy: study of in-silico molecular docking and in-vitro efficacy of repurposed antiviral drug
Authors: Balasubramanian Arul , Ibrahim Thasin , Ramalingam Kothai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
There has to be a breakthrough in tuberculosis (TB) treatment to address issues with drug resistance, patient noncompliance, and dosage frequency. We produced durable therapeutic nanocarriers (NCs) and tested their efficiency in-vitro in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our goal was to decrease adverse effects linked to systemic drug distribution and improve drug concentration at the target site. There are multiple pathways by which antiviral medications induce renal failure. Several novel drugs have been shown to cause direct renal tubular toxicity through their distinct impacts on kidney epithelial cells. In this present study the in-silico docking studies were performed and the silver nanoparticles of the antiviral drug Entecavir was prepared and characterized by using SEM and HR-TEM studies. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for its anti-tubercular activity by in-vitro and the results showed the repurposed antiviral drug showed remarkable anti-tubercular activity. There is mounting evidence that the repurposed antitubercular drug Entecavir is a viable new option for treating tuberculosis.