bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Power Asymmetry Sensitivity in Jewish–Arab Partnerships
Authors: Desivilya Syna Helena , Rottman Amit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on Jewish–Arab interorganizational partnership in Israel, examining how to effectively engage the differences resulting from the heterogeneity in the context of protracted national conflict. We argue and demonstrate through a case study that developing intergroup partnerships in a context of protracted national conflicts warrants consideration of the differential needs of the minority versus majority group members, namely, fostering power asymmetry sensitivity (PAS). Such sensitivity is important in terms of structural as well as process aspects of the partnership. A model of practice, designed to implement PAS, is presented and critically discussed.
Conflict Resolution Education and Positive Behavioral Support: A Climate of Safety for All Learners
Authors: Lane‐Garon Pamela , Yergat Jessica , Kralowec Charles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMainstream education movements eventually provide resources for forms of education oriented toward life skills. This article examines a timely convergence: Positive Behavior Intervention Support (PBIS) and conflict resolution education (CRE). PBIS is a mainstream educational model for school climate improvement, and CRE is a proven approach to school safety. In addition to exploring the similarities of these two approaches, findings of a school‐based research study are reported. Variables examined are perspective taking, empathy, and conflict strategy. The authors conclude that PBIS and CRE are making important contributions and that particular strength may be drawn from their combined implementation.
Collective Self‐Healing Process: The Israeli Palestinian Case
Authors: Nets‐Zehngut Rafi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article proposes the existence of a collective self‐healing process, in which parties to intractable conflicts treat their conflicts' wounds independent of their opponents. This process is different from the reconciliation process, in which parties heal past offenses collaboratively. Various theoretical aspects of the proposed process are discussed, including the different domains of parties that take part in this process (i.e., the social, economic, political and psychological), the conflict situations in which this process is relevant, and the factors that influence it. The process is exemplified as it has been conducted by the Israeli Palestinians.
Performance analysis of Doppler shift effects on OFDM‐based and MC‐CDMA‐based cognitive radios
Authors: Bindhaiq Salem , Syed‐Yusof Sharifah Kamilah , Hosseini Haleh 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe present development of high data rate wireless applications has led to extra bandwidth demands. However, finding a new spectrum bandwidth to accommodate these applications and services is a challenging task because of the scarcity of spectrum resources. In fact, the spectrum is utilized inefficiently for conventional spectrum allocation, so Federal Communications Commission has proposed dynamic spectrum access mechanism in cognitive radio, where unlicensed users can opportunistically borrow unused licensed spectrum, which is a challenge to obtain contiguous frequency spectrum block. This also has a significant impact on multicarrier transmission systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA). As a solution, this paper develops non‐contiguous OFDM (NC‐OFDM) and non‐contiguous MC‐CDMA (NC‐MC‐CDMA) cognitive system. The implementation of NC‐OFDM and NC‐MC‐CDMA systems provides high data rate via a large number of non‐contiguous subcarriers without interfering with the existing transmissions. The system performance evaluates NC‐OFDM and NC‐MC‐CDMA for mobile scenario where each propagation path will experience Doppler frequency shift because of the relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The simulation results of this paper proved that NC‐OFDM system is a superior candidate than NC‐MC‐CDMA system considering the mobility for cognitive users. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association Testing of the Mitochondrial Genome Using Pedigree Data
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Dupuis Josée , Larson Martin G. , Levy Daniel 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn humans, mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA) that is inherited exclusively from the mother. The mitochondrial genome encodes 13 polypeptides that are components of oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy. Any disruption in these genes might interfere with energy production and thus contribute to metabolic derangement. Mitochondria also regulate several important cellular activities including cell death and calcium homeostasis. Aided by sharply declining costs of high‐density genotyping, hundreds of mitochondrial variants will soon be available in several cohorts with pedigree structures. Association testing of mitochondrial variants with disease traits using pedigree data raises unique challenges because of the difficulty in separating the effects of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, which display different modes of inheritance. Failing to correctly account for these effects might decrease power or inflate type I error in association tests. In this report, we sought to identify the best strategy for association testing of mitochondrial variants when genotype and phenotype data are available in pedigrees. We proposed several strategies to account for polygenic effects of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and we performed extensive simulation studies to evaluate type I error and power of these strategies. In addition, we proposed two permutation tests to obtain empirical P values for these strategies. Furthermore, we applied two of the analytical strategies to association analysis of 196 mitochondrial variants with blood pressure and fasting blood glucose in the pedigree rich, Framingham Heart Study. Finally, we discussed strategies for study design, genotyping, and data cleaning in association testing of mtDNA in pedigrees.
Could Infrared Spectroscopy Identify Melamine‐Related Stone Using Melamine‐Contained Mixture as A Reference?
Authors: Cong Xiaoming , Sun Xizhao , Ning Benxiang 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundRecently, a method of infrared spectroscopy analysis to identify melamine‐contained stone was established by examining melamine powders mixed with true urinary stones. However, several studies demonstrated melamine could be interacted with cyanuric acid or uric acid in water through hydrogen bonds. It presents a hypothesis that the infrared spectrum of melamine‐contained stone formed in urine is probably different from melamine‐contained dry mixtures. This study is to testify is it true. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 27:59–61, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.MethodsThe melamine‐related mixtures were, respectively, prepared by mixing powders of melamine with cyanuric acid or uric acid in equimolar ratio. The melamine‐related precipitates mimicking its related stone formation were, respectively, prepared by mixing melamine with cyanuric acid or uric acid in water at the given conditions. Subsequently, the melamine‐related mixtures and precipitates were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.ResultsThe wave‐number positions of powder mixtures of melamine–cyanuric acid and melamine–uric acid were a combination of these of their individual ingredients. The typical wave‐number positions of melamine were showed in two melamine‐contained mixtures. In contrast, these positions were disappeared or shifted greatly in the two melamine‐related precipitates. In total, the spectrum of precipitates of melamine with cyanuric acid and uric acid had significantly differences with their powder mixtures.ConclusionsOur results indicate the identification of melamine‐related stone by infrared spectroscopy could not use the infrared spectrum of melamine‐contained mixtures as a reference.
The Different Mechanisms of Hypoxic Acclimatization and Adaptation in Lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii Living on Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: He Jianzheng , Xiu Minghui , Tang Xiaolong , Yue Feng , Wang Ningbo , Yang Shaobin , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPhrynocephalus vlangalii is a species of lizard endemic in China, which lives on Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau ranging from 2000 to 4600 m above sea level. In this study, P. vlangalii were collected from low altitude (2750 m) and high altitude (4564 m). The lizards from low altitude were acclimatized in simulated hypoxic chamber (equivalent to 4600 m) for 7, 15, and 30 days. The hematological parameters, heart weight, myocardial capillary density, and myocardial enzyme activities were examined. The results showed that acclimatization to hypoxia significantly increased hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), hematocrit (Hct), heart weight (HW), heart weight to body mass (HW/BM), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, but markedly decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Red blood cell (RBC) count, body mass (BM), myocardial capillary density did not change markedly during hypoxic acclimatization. On the other hand, [Hb], Hct, MCHC, HW/BM, myocardium capillary density, and SDH activity of P. vlangalii from high altitude were remarkably higher than those from low‐altitude; however, LDH activity of high‐altitude P. vlangalii was lower than that of low‐altitude lizards. There was no significant difference in HW or BM between populations of high‐altitude and low‐altitude. Based on the present data, we suggest that P. vlangalii has special anatomical, physiological, and biochemical accommodate mechanisms to live in hypoxic environment, and the regulative mechanisms are different between hypoxic acclimatization and adaptation. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:117–123, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laser Processing of Reflective Materials
Authors: Naeem Mohammed 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe favourable strength to density ratio of metals and alloys, as well as their good formability and weld‐ability characteristics, are some of the reasons why they account for over half the materials in industrial applications. The most common groups of engineering metals and alloys are steels, titanium alloys, nickel alloys and reflective materials such as aluminium, copper, silver and gold. Compared to traditional techniques, lasers offer manufacturers a highly accurate, easily repeatable, automated and non‐contact means of processing these materials. Their use helps drive down costs and drive up manufacturing quality by reducing tool wear, eliminating the need for additional finishing, improving overall product quality and maximising material usage.
Surface Functionalization by High‐precision Laser Cladding
Authors: Brückner Frank , Nowotny Steffen , Riede Mirko , Kubisch Frank , Leyens Christoph , Beyer Eckhard 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMeanwhile the laser build‐up welding technology is a well industrially established technique for highly precise coating tasks and additive manufacturing. By means of new precise powder nozzle systems, modified process equipment as well as suited manufacturing strategies, the generation of customized components can be realized up to a detail resolution within the double‐digit micrometer range. This opens a variety of new applications, e. g. in aviation, tooling industry or medical technology.
Laser Line Generators for Light‐sectioning in Rail Inspection
Authors: Krischke Anja , Knothe Christian , Gips Peter , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

AbstractModern measuring techniques often involve using lasers specifically designed for the demanding requirements of industrial tasks. An increasing number of laser diodes have become available in the green and blue region of the visible spectrum so that laser‐diode based modules now cover the full range from UV to IR. A variety of beam‐shaping techniques can be used to produce the particular beam profile necessary for a specific measuring task. One application is the continuous monitoring of rail profiles during rail production or of their deterioration in use by mounting the test system on the train itself. The geometry of the rail can be determined by using laser lines and the laser light‐sectioning method. The in situ measurement of wear ensures that the repair of the affected rail sections is performed in time.
Stability assessment of a circular earth dam
Authors: Chugh Ashok K. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYStability of a circular earth dam is assessed for radial cracking potential and static slope stability using continuum mechanics‐based three‐dimensional numerical models. Comparisons of numerical model results for a circular water tank with vertical walls and different radii with their analytical counterparts are included to support the validity of the ideas and their implementation in the continuum mechanics‐based computer program used. Effects of sloping wall faces and Poisson's ratio on computed deformations and stresses are also included. The same numerical models are used to assess stability of a circular dam in terms of factor‐of‐safety and associated failure surface. Three‐dimensional slope stability analysis results are compared with continuum based two‐dimensional slope stability analysis results to assess the magnitude of 3D effects. Example problems are included to illustrate the use of ideas presented. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Value at risk for confidence level quantifications in robust engineering optimization
Authors: Mohammadi Bijan 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYWe show how to introduce the Value at Risk (VaR) concept in optimization algorithms with emphasis in calculation complexity issues. To do so, we assume known the PDF of the uncertainties. Our aim is to quantify our confidence on the optimal solution at low complexity without sampling of the control space. The notion of over‐solving appears naturally where it becomes useless to solve accurately near an optimum when the variations in control parameters fall below the uncertainties. Examples show the behavior of this VaR‐based correction and link the approach to momentum‐based optimization where the mean and variance of a functional are considered. The approach is then applied to an inverse problem with fluids with uncertainties in the definition of the injection devices. It is shown that an optimization problem with an admissible solution in the control space in the deterministic case can lose its solution in the presence of uncertainties on the control parameters, which suggests that the control space itself should be redefined in such a situation to recover an admissible problem. This permits to evaluate the cost of making reliable a system that has been deterministically designed but has uncertain parameters. A shape optimization problem closes the paper showing the importance of including VaR information during the design iterations and not only at the end of the procedure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐employment, Internal Migration and Place Embeddedness
Authors: Reuschke Darja 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the individual location behaviour of self‐employed entrepreneurs. Population geography has not researched this issue and entrepreneurship literature has given it little attention. This paper examines whether self‐employed entrepreneurs are ‘rooted’ in place and also whether those who are more rooted in place are more likely to enter self‐employment, thereby shedding new light onto the place embeddedness of self‐employment. Drawing on data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study (SOEP) 1996–2009 it shows that self‐employed entrepreneurs as compared with employees are not more rooted in place and that those who are more rooted in place are not more likely to become self‐employed. In contrast to expectations drawn from previous literature, flows into self‐employment are positively associated with inter‐regional moves. The only finding that supports the assumption of ‘place inertia’ of entrepreneurship is that starting a business is less likely to be linked with internal migration than job changes in the wage and salary sector. It concludes that mobility and immobility and individual and household constraints and preferences are important for understanding those who become self‐employed. At the same time, the people–place relations of self‐employment are important to understand migration and the functioning of labour markets. More generally, this paper underpins the importance of demographic phenomena for economic outcomes and thus the need for population geography to engage with other disciplines, in this case economic geography and entrepreneurship research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HCl gas gettering of low‐cost silicon
Authors: Hampel Jonathan , Ehrenreich Philipp , Wiehl Norbert , Kratz Jens Volker , Reber Stefan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHCl gas gettering is a cheap and simple technique to reduce transition metal concentrations in silicon. It is attractive especially for low‐cost silicon materials like upgraded metallurgical grade (UMG) silicon, which usually contain 3d transition metals in high concentrations. Etching of silicon by HCl gas occurs during HCl gas gettering above a certain onset temperature. The etching rate as well as the gettering efficiency was experimentally determined as a function of the gettering temperature, using UMG silicon wafers. The activation energy of the etching reaction by HCl gas was calculated from the obtained data. The gettering efficiency was determined by analyzing Ni as a representative of the 3d transition metals in the wafers with and without applied HCl gas gettering. The Ni concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS).
Quenching of spin fluctuations in the 3d and 4f aluminides YFe2Al10and YbFe2Al10: a comparative27Al NMR and specific heat study
Authors: Khuntia P. , Strydom A. , Steglich F. , Baenitz M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present investigations on the magnetic susceptibilityχ(T), the specific heat coefficientγ(T) = C(T)/T, and the spin‐lattice relaxation (SLR) rate on the two isostructural iron aluminides YFe2Al10and YbFe2Al10. Below 10 K, both systems display a monotonous field‐dependent increase with decreasing temperature inχ(T),γ(T) and the SLR coefficient27R(T) = 27(1/T1T). These divergences are associated with spin fluctuations near a quantum critical point (QCP). Most probably, the QCP is of ferromagnetic (FM) nature, but so far no magnetic order is observed in either system down to 0.35 K. The application of moderate fields of a few Tesla suppresses the low‐Tupturn in the properties. The comparison between zero‐field and high field measurements allow for the determination of enhancement factors inχ(T), theγ(T), and the spin‐lattice relaxation coefficient (SLRC)27R(T). Surprisingly, the relative enhancement inγ(T) and theT‐dependence [∝ ln(1/T)] are very similar for both systems. In the SLRC, the enhancement is larger for the Yb‐system but both show ln(1/T) behavior forT → 0. The divergences are very similar because the Yb ions in YbFe2Al10are in an intermediate valence state at low temperatures and contribute only very little towards the observed spin fluctuations. This indicates strongly the same underlying physics and the same energy scales for both systems. We propose the presence of dominantq = 0 low‐energy FM spin fluctuations from weak itinerant Fe as the origin for the observed logarithmic divergences.
New electricity distribution network planning approaches for integrating renewable
Authors: Pilo Fabrizio , Celli Gianni , Ghiani Emilio , Soma Gian Giuseppe 
Published: January 2013

The electricity distribution business is experiencing a tremendous and challenging transformation. The use of renewable energy sources is moving generation from the top to the bottom of power systems, where traditionally only loads existed. Active demand, distribution energy‐storage devices, and electric vehicles are going to change even more drastically the way the distribution system will be operated. Finally, several stakeholders will share the responsibility for system operation while they often pursue opposite objectives. In contrast to conventional approaches, modern distribution planning algorithms should emulate the new environment to produce expansion and strategic plans for guiding the evolution of system in times of financial restrictions. Probabilistic methods are necessary to capture the intrinsically stochastic behavior of renewable generation, whereas the multiobjective programming is recognized to be the most effective way for planning, transparently and objectively, the system evolution, taking into account the multiple needs of different stakeholders. Finally, the integration of smart grid operation within planning algorithms is the key point for a proper distribution planning that allows integrating renewable resources and minimizing the cost for new electrical infrastructures.This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure
β‐Arrestin‐kinase scaffolds: turn them on or turn them off?
Authors: Lin Alice , DeFea Kathryn A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) can signal through heterotrimeric G‐proteins or through β‐arrestins to elicit responses to a plethora of extracellular stimuli. While the mechanisms underlying G‐protein signaling is relatively well understood, the mechanisms by which β‐arrestins regulate the diverse set of proteins with which they associate remain unclear. Multi‐protein complexes are a common feature of β‐arrestin‐dependent signaling. The first two such complexes discovered were the mitogen‐activated kinases modules associated with extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and Jnk3. Subsequently a number of other kinases have been shown to undergo β‐arrestin‐dependent regulation, including Akt, phosphatidylinositol‐3kinase (PI3K), Lim‐domain‐containing kinase (LIMK), calcium calmodulin kinase II (CAMKII), and calcium calmodulin kinase kinase β (CAMKKβ). Some are positively and some negatively regulated by β‐arrestin association. One of the missing links to understanding these pathways is the molecular mechanisms by which the activity of these kinases is regulated. Do β‐arrestins merely serve as scaffolds to bring enzyme and substrate together or do they have a direct effect on the enzymatic activities of target kinases? Recent evidence suggests that both mechanisms are involved and that the mechanisms by which β‐arrestins regulate kinase activity varies with the target kinase. This review discusses recent advances in the field focusing on 5 kinases for which considerable mechanistic detail and specific sites of interaction have been elucidated. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:231–241. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1203This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models