bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La légitimité politique : nouveauté des critères, anachronisme des théories classiques
Authors: Dogan Mattei 
Published: October 2013

Des trois types de légitimité définis par Max Weber il y a plus d’un siècle, deux, le traditionnel et le charismatique, sont quasiment inapplicables aujourd’hui. Le seul à conserver sa validité est le troisième, la légitimité rationnelle, mais c’est devenu un amalgame de nombreuses variétés différentes, une collection incohérente de cas dont la diversité fait que ce type n’est plus significatif. La typologie de Weber se trouve ainsi déconnectée du monde contemporain. L’article présente une analyse empirique des raisons de cette obsolescence et démontre la nécessité de renouveler les distinctions : il insiste en particulier sur le rôle des élites dans les processus de légitimation et de délégitimation, ainsi que sur les liens entre illégitimité et défiance.
Cycles de légitimité et de délégitimation dans les régimes politiques en Argentine (1900-2008)
Authors: Turner Frederick C. , Carballo Marita 
Published: October 2013

Si une crise de légitimité politique dans une nation se définit comme un événement qui se produit lorsque « des portions non négligeables de populations politiquement significatives remettent en question ou refusent la validité normative des prétentions du pouvoir en place à exercer l’autorité », l’Argentine a connu au moins sept crises de légitimité de ce type au cours des cent dernières années. Les causes en peuvent être les actions de responsables politiques, le fait que des institutions politiques ne sont pas à la hauteur des demandes auxquelles elles doivent répondre, une croissance économique entravée, ou encore l’incapacité de groupes à s’entendre pour trouver des solutions acceptables de part et d’autre. Des enquêtes menées depuis 1984 montrent que les Argentins ont invariablement eu moins de confiance dans les grandes institutions de leur pays que les ressortissants des autres pays d’Amérique latine et de l’ensemble du monde. De plus, leur confiance dans les institutions nationales a considérablement baissé entre 1984 et 2006. Même si les Argentins s’intéressent peu à la politique et accordent beaucoup plus de confiance aux membres de leur famille qu’aux étrangers, la plupart d’entre eux n’en estiment pas moins que la démocratie est la meilleure forme de gouvernement pour leur pays. À l’avenir, si l’on veut renforcer la légitimité politique en Argentine, il semblerait que le mieux serait sans doute d’améliorer l’efficacité des institutions politiques, de limiter la corruption, et – ce qui est sans doute le plus important – de faire en sorte que la prospérité économique se maintienne et que le travail assidu soit récompensé comme il se doit.
Crise de légitimité en Italie La première République à l'épreuve des scandales (1992-1994)
Authors: Briquet Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2013

En s’appuyant sur l’étude de la crise politique de l’Italie au début des années 1990, l’article discute les modèles standards de la délégitimation couramment utilisés pour expliquer les crises de régime. Si celles-ci peuvent être rapportées à des déterminants structurels de long terme (dysfonctionnement du système politique, déficit de légitimité diffuse), elles sont aussi le produit des luttes internes au sein des secteurs dirigeants. En focalisant l’attention sur ces luttes, il s’agit de contester le rôle central attribué à l’insatisfaction de l’opinion dans les crises de régime ; et de considérer ainsi la délégitimation comme un effet de la recomposition du champ de la représentation partisane plus que comme un facteur de cette recomposition.
Behaviors of Southwestern Native Fishes in Response to Introduced Catfish Predators
Authors: Ward David L. , Figiel Chester R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Native fishes reared in hatcheries typically suffer high predation mortality when stocked into natural environments. We evaluated the behavior of juvenile bonytail Gila elegans, roundtail chub Gila robusta, razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus, and Sonora sucker Catostomus insignis in response to introduced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris. Our laboratory tests indicate these species did not inherently recognize catfish as a threat, but they can quickly (within 12 h) change their behavior in response to a novel predator paired with the sight and scent of a dead conspecific. Chubs appear to avoid predation by swimming away from the threat, whereas suckers reduced movement. Effects of antipredator conditioning on survival of fish reared in hatcheries is unknown; however, our results suggest some native fish can be conditioned to recognize introduced predators, which could increase poststocking survival.
Disparate Epitopes Mediating Protective Heterologous Immunity to Unrelated Viruses Share Peptide–MHC Structural Features Recognized by Cross-Reactive T Cells
Authors: Shen Zu T. , Nguyen Tina T. , Daniels Keith A. , Welsh Raymond M. , Stern Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Closely related peptide epitopes can be recognized by the same T cells and contribute to the immune response against pathogens encoding those epitopes, but sometimes cross-reactive epitopes share little homology. The degree of structural homology required for such disparate ligands to be recognized by cross-reactive TCRs remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanistic basis for cross-reactive T cell responses between epitopes from unrelated and pathogenic viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and vaccinia virus. Our results show that the LCMV cross-reactive T cell response toward vaccinia virus is dominated by a shared asparagine residue, together with other shared structural elements conserved in the crystal structures of Kb-VV-A11R and Kb-LCMV-gp34. Based on analysis of the crystal structures and the specificity determinants for the cross-reactive T cell response, we were able to manipulate the degree of cross-reactivity of the T cell response, and to predict and generate a LCMV cross-reactive response toward a variant of a null OVA-derived peptide. These results indicate that protective heterologous immune responses can occur for disparate epitopes from unrelated viruses.
Lyn Mitigates Mouse Airway Remodeling by Downregulating the TGF-β3 Isoform in House Dust Mite Models
Authors: Li Guoping , Fox John , Liu Zhigang , Liu Jun , Gao George F. , Jin Yang , Gao Hongwei , Wu Min 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Chronic airway remodeling is a serious consequence of asthma, which is caused by complex but largely unknown mechanisms. Despite versatile functions, the role of Lyn in chronic airway remodeling remains undefined. Using Lyn−/− mice, we show that continual exposure (for 8 wk) of house dust mite extracts induced a severe phenotype of chronic airway remodeling, including exacerbated mucus production, collagen deposition, dysregulated cytokine secretion, and elevated inflammation. Strikingly, a significant increase in TGF-β3 rather than TGF-β1 was observed in Lyn−/− mouse lungs compared with lungs in wild-type mice. Furthermore, TGF-β3 neutralizing Abs not only inhibited the expression of STAT6 and Smad2/3 but also decreased phosphorylation of Smad2 and NF-κB in Lyn−/− mouse lungs. In addition, both recombinant and adenoviral TGF-β3 significantly promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and intensified collagen I production and MUC5AC expression. Further examination of chronic asthma patients showed that a decreased Lyn correlated with the severity of airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. Finally, Lyn may critically regulate airway remodeling by directly interacting with TGF-β3. Collectively, these findings revealed that Lyn regulates TGF-β3 isoform and modulates the development of airway remodeling, which may have therapeutic implications for severe chronic asthma.
In silico Analysis of TCR Vβ7 of Two Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zhou Jianwei , Kong Cui , Wang Xiukui , Jia Yinfeng , Wang Li , Chang Hong , Sun Lin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the sequences and crystal structures of variable region of beta chain 7 (Vβ7) of T cell receptor (TCR) of two patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Patients and Methods: The skewness of TCR Vβ7 of two T1DM patients were detected with real-time florescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) melting curve analysis technique followed by being sequenced, the crystal structures of them were simulated according to CPH models 2.0 Server, IMGT database, and RasMol 2 software.
Results: The whole sequences of TCR Vβ7 of T1DM patient-1 were "CASRTAGQYEQYFGPGTR", that of patient-2 were "CASRTAGQYEQFFGPGTR"; the only difference between them lied on the 12th amino acid. The crystal structures of Vβ7 of the two patients simulated with backbone model were rather similar, while that with sphere model were obviously different.
Conclusion: Although the TCR Vβ7 of the T1DM patients share the similar gene sequences, their crystal structures simulated with sphere model are different, and the mechanism needs further study.
Determination of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and AmpC Production in Uropathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli and Susceptibility to Fosfomycin
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Rani Hena , Singla Nidhi , Kaistha Neelam , Chander Jagdish 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli is one of the common problem in clinical practice. Various drug resistance mechanisms are making the bacteria resistant to higher group of drugs making the treatment options very limited. This study was undertaken to detect ESBLs and AmpC production in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern with special reference to fosfomycin.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 150 E. coli isolates were studied. ESBL detection was done by double disc synergy and CLSI method. AmpC screening was done using cefoxitin disc and confirmation was done using cefoxitin/cefoxitin-boronic acid discs. In AmpC positive isolates, ESBLs was detected by modifying CLSI method using boronic acid. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined following CLSI guidelines. Fosfomycin susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion and E-test methods.
Results: ESBLs production was seen in 52.6% of isolates and AmpC production was seen in 8% of isolates. All AmpC producers were also found to be ESBLs positive. ESBLs positive isolates were found to be more drug resistant than ESBLs negative isolates. All the strains were found to be fosfomycin sensitive.
Conclusions: ESBLs and AmpC producing isolates are becoming prevalent in E. coli isolates from community setting also. Amongst the oral drugs, no in-vitro resistance has been seen for fosfomycin making it a newer choice of drug (although not new) in future. An integrated approach to contain antimicrobial resistance should be actually the goal of present times.
Evidence Based Solving Approach in Diagnosis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Oral Manifestations: Report of Three Unusual Cases
Authors: Bindal Ruchi , Kumar Ajay , Singh Harkanwal Preet , Bansal Sanjiv Kumar , Sharma Aadya 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a common condition that affects 0.3% of the general population in which excessive production of PTH is there. With changing trends it is diagnosed early and asymptomatically with the improvements in routine biochemical tests and radiological procedures. The late bony complications of the disease have therefore started to decline rapidly. The mandible is the predominantly affected site in the maxillofacial area. Maxillary involvement is rare. Here, we reported series of three cases of 30-40-year-old women with osteolytic lesions and bone resorption in maxilla or mandible. Two of presented cases demonstrated evidence of lesions in both mandible and maxilla which is a very rare event. A thorough diagnostic work-up emphasizing on biochemical and radiographic investigations were discussed. We highlighted the role of endocrinologist, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, general practitioner dentists, and radiologists in diagnosing and managing such patients.
Isolated Plexiform Neurofibroma of the Tongue
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Sengupta Parama , Das Anjan KR 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNeurofibromas (NF) are benign tumors of neural origin, of which roughly 90% appear as solitary lesions. They are classified into cutaneous, subcutaneous, and plexiform subtypes. Plexiform neurofibromas are the least common variant and usually are pathognomonic for NF I. Here, we present a very rare case of isolated plexiform neurofibroma with a painless enlarging mass of the tongue of an 11-year-old girl. This rare benign tumor has the potential for malignant transformation, and the diagnosis was difficult owing to the patient's age and to the insidious clinical presentation. The present case is a diffuse isolated plexiform neurofibroma of the tongue that was not associated with neurofibromatosis that was treated with intraoral surgery.
Pattern of salivary gland tumors in Manipur, India: A 10 year study
Authors: Laishram Rajesh Singh , K. Arun Kumar , Pukhrambam Gayatri Devi , Laishram Sharmila , Debnath Kaushik 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Salivary gland lesions, especially the neoplastic lesions constitute a highly heterogeneous histopathologic group. Several studies have reported a significant difference in the global distribution of salivary gland tumors, but no formal study has been carried out in this part of the globe. Objectives: To document the pattern of various salivary gland tumors in Manipur, a state in North Eastern India. Materials and Methods: This is a 10 years (2002-2011) retrospective study of all salivary gland specimens received at our referral teaching hospital in Manipur, India. All the histopathology slides of salivary gland specimens during the study period were reviewed and clinical details were obtained from the archives. Restaining of slides and fresh sections of tissue blocks were performed whenever required. Data thus collected were analyzed. Results: A total of 104 cases of salivary gland lesions were studied during the study period. Age ranged from 5 years to 78 years with an overall slight female preponderance (M:F = 1:1.08). Parotid (56.65%) was the commonest gland involved followed by submandibular gland (31.73%). Neoplastic lesions comprised of 78 (75%) cases and non-neoplastic lesions constituted 25% (26 cases). Among the neoplastic lesions, benign lesions (53.85%) predominated over malignant lesions (21.15%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign neoplastic lesion and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumor. Chronic sialadenitis was the predominant lesion in the non-neoplastic group. Conclusion: The principal site for salivary gland tumors was the parotid gland and pleomorphic adenoma outnumbered all the other tumors. Females are more affected in the malignant group.
Assessment of cancer care in Indian elderly cancer patients: A single center study
Authors: Sarkar Anindya , Shahi UP 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background and purpose: This prospective study aimed to assess the profiles of elderly cancer patient to optimize cancer care in Indian setup. The profiles have been compared with that of younger patients in terms of epidemiological, clinical data, co‑morbidity, treatment, toxicity, clinical outcome, and survival pattern. Materials and Methods: The study comprised cancer patients attending radiotherapy outdoor (November 2005 to June 2006). There were 104 patients of age ≥60 years (elderly group) and 121 patients of 45-59 years (younger group). Results: Elderly group had median age 65 years (60-88 years) with M:F = 1:1. The younger group had median age 50 years (45-59 years) with M:F = 1:2. Elderly had higher proportion of gastrointestinal and genito‑urinary tract malignancies. Younger group had higher proportion of breast, lymphoma, and brain tumor. 13% had co‑morbidity, 50% received treatment, 27% were treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery, and two‑third of these cases belong to elderly group. Majority tolerated treatment well. 10% had significant grade of toxicity. 57% of elderly patients did not accept and one‑fourth of all cases did not complete the prescribed treatment. 88% cases were responders of which 70% showed complete response. There were no differences between two groups. At 12 months 35% of treated patients came for follow‑up. At first 12 months, 60-70% were alive without disease. Conclusion: There were differences between two groups in terms of performance status, treatment acceptance, and treatment modality prescribed. Elderly patients deserve same opportunity as younger patients for treatment and survival options from the oncologist.
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts: The first case series from India
Authors: Ghafur Abdul , Vidyalakshmi P. R. , Priyadarshini K. , Easow Jose M. , Raj Revathi , Raja T. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Although Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Chryseobacterium meningosepticum) infections in immunocompromised hosts have been recognised, clinical data detailing these infections remain limited, especially from India. Antimicrobial susceptibility data on E. meningoseptica remain very limited, with no established breakpoints by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The organism is usually multidrug resistant to antibiotics usually prescribed for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections, a serious challenge to the patient and the treating clinicians. Materials and Methods: The analysis was done in a tertiary care oncology and stem cell transplant center. Susceptibility testing and identification of E. meningoseptica was done using Vitek auto analyzer. Records of immunocompromised patients with E. meningoseptica bacteremia were analysed from January 2009 to March 2012. Results: A total of 29 E. meningoseptica bacteremia cases were documented between 2009 and 2012. Eleven patients were immunocompromised. Three were post stem cell transplant and one was post cord blood transplant. The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years. Mean Charlson’s comorbidity index was 5.7. Four had solid organ malignancies, five had hematological malignancies, and two had lymphoreticular malignancy. Eight patients had received chemotherapy. Mean Apache II score was 18. Mean Pitts score for bacteremia was 4.7. Two were neutropenic (one post SCT, one MDS post chemo) with a mean white blood cell (WBC) count of 450/mm3. Ten had a line at the time of bacteremia. Mean duration of the line prior to bacteremia was 8 days. Eight had line-related bacteremia. Three had pneumonia with secondary bacteremia. All received combination therapy with two or more antibiotics which included cotrimoxazole, rifampicin, piperacillin–tazobactam, tigecycline, or cefepime–tazobactam. All the isolates showed in vitro resistance to ciprofloxacin. Five patients died, but a multivariate analysis was not done to calculate the attributable mortality. Conclusion: In our study, central line was the commonest risk factor for E. meningosepticum bacteremia, although a multivariate analysis was not done. There has not been much of a change in the susceptibility pattern of these organisms over 3 years, with good susceptibility to piperacillin–tazobactam and cotrimoxazole. Even though uncommon, E. meningoseptica is an important pathogen, especially in immunocompromised hosts with indwelling devices.
Be a true listener, rather than a good conversationalist
Authors: Mehdi Itrat , Al-Bahrani Bassim Jaffar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOncology patient care is an ever evolving field both as a science and a clinical art. We evaluate, diagnose, and treat cancer patients daily. We break the bad and the good news to them. We are the hope on which their life and dreams hang on. We, as practitioners, have to assess each patient as an intelligent observer. We have to devise our strategy to break heartbreaking news to them in a tailored and personalized fashion according to the physical, psychological, emotional, and social status of the patient. The process has to be gentle, perceptive, pragmatic, yet truthful. These need to be reasonably good observational, listening, comprehending, and delivering potentials; which are sharpened by experience and skills.
Prognostic factors for mortality with fungal blood stream infections in patients with hematological and non-hematological malignancies
Authors: Salih Zena , Cavet Jim , Dennis Mike , Somervaille Tim , Bloor Adrian , Kulkarni Samar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: This single center retrospective analysis was undertaken to identify the incidence, clinical impact, and prognostic factors for mortality associated with fungal blood stream infections (BSI) in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty four patients had 169 episodes of fungal BSI. Incidence has not changed over a 10 year period but non albicans candida species are the predominant fungal isolates. Mortality with fungal BSI was significantly higher than that with other microbial agents. Risk of mortality was associated with renal dysfunction and Candida albicans as the isolate. Type of chemotherapy, patient characteristics, and neutrophil count did not influence the mortality following fungal BSI. Conclusion: Fungal BSI is rare and the incidence has not changed in this hospital. Mortality associated with fungal BSI is high. Risk score at the time of developing fungal BSI has prognostic potential to identify patients with higher risk of mortality associated with fungal BSI.
Sphincter-saving surgeries for rectal cancer: A single center study from Kashmir
Authors: Mir Shabeer Ahmed , Chowdri Nisar A. , Parray Fazl Q. , Mir Parvez Ahmed , Bashir Yasir , Nafae Muntakhab 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Summary and Background Data: The goals in the treatment of rectal cancer are cure, local control, and preservation of sphincter, bladder and sexual function. Surgical resection using sharp mesorectal dissection is important for achieving these goals. Objectives: The current treatment of choice for carcinoma rectum is sphincter saving procedures, which have practically replaced the previously done abdominoperineal resection. We performed a study in our institute to evaluate the surgical outcome and complications of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This prospectivestudy included 117 patients, treated for primary rectal cancer by low anterior resection (LAR) from May 2007 to December 2010. All patients underwent standard total mesorectal excision (TME) followed by restoration of continuity. Results: The peri-operative mortality rate was 2.5% (3/117). Post-operative complications occurred in 32% of the patients. After a median follow up of 42 months, local recurrences developed in 6 (5%) patients and distant metastasis in 5 (4.2%). The survival rate was 93%. Conclusion: The concept of total mesorectal excision (TME), advances in stapling technology and neoadjuvant therapy have made it possible to preserve the anal sphincter in most of the patients. Rectal cancer needs to be managed especially in a specialized unit for better results.