bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane-Coated Breast Implants Revisited: A 30-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Castel Nikki , Soon-Sutton Taylor , Deptula Peter , Flaherty Anna , Parsa Fereydoun Don 
Published: March 2015

Background Polyurethane coating of breast implants has been shown to reduce capsular contracture in short-term follow-up studies. This 30-year study is the longest examination of the use of polyurethane-coated implants and their correlation with capsular contracture.
Methods This study evaluates the senior surgeon's (F.D.P.) experience with the use of polyurethane-coated implants in aesthetic breast augmentation in 382 patients over 30 years. Follow-up evaluations were conducted for six months after surgery. After the six-month follow-up period, 76 patients returned for reoperation. The gross findings, histology, and associated capsular contracture were noted at the time of explantation.
Results No patient during the six-month follow-up period demonstrated capsular contracture. For those who underwent reoperation for capsular contracture, Baker II/III contractures were noted nine to 10 years after surgery and Baker IV contractures were noted 12 to 21 years after surgery. None of the explanted implants had macroscopic evidence of polyurethane, which was only found during the first five years after surgery. The microscopic presence of polyurethane was noted in all capsules up to 30 years after the original operation.
Conclusions An inverse correlation was found between the amount of polyurethane coating on the implant and the occurrence of capsular contracture. Increasingly severe capsular contracture was associated with a decreased amount of polyurethane coating on the surface of the implants. No contracture occurred in patients whose implants showed incomplete biodegradation of polyurethane, as indicated by the visible presence of polyurethane coating. We recommend research to find a non-toxic, non-biodegradable synthetic material as an alternative to polyurethane.
Early Surgical Site Infection Following Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction with or without Acellular Dermal Matrix: National Benchmarking Using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Winocour Sebastian , Martinez-Jorge Jorys , Habermann Elizabeth , Thomsen Kristine , Lemaine Valerie 
Published: March 2015

Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) result in significant patient morbidity following immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction (ITEBR). This study determined a single institution's 30-day SSI rate and benchmarked it against that among national institutions participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).
Methods Women who underwent ITEBR with/without acellular dermal matrix (ADM) were identified using the ACS-NSQIP database between 2005 and 2011. Patient characteristics associated with the 30-day SSI rate were determined, and differences in rates between our institution and the national database were assessed.
Results 12,163 patients underwent ITEBR, including 263 at our institution. SSIs occurred in 416 (3.4%) patients nationwide excluding our institution, with lower rates observed at our institution (1.9%). Nationwide, SSIs were significantly more common in ITEBR patients with ADM (4.5%) compared to non-ADM patients (3.2%, P=0.005), and this trend was observed at our institution (2.1% vs. 1.6%, P=1.00). A multivariable analysis of all institutions identified age ≥50 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.7), body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 vs. <25 kg/m2 (OR, 3.4; CI, 2.6-4.5), and operative time >4.25 hours (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.5-2.4) as risk factors for SSIs. Our institutional SSI rate was lower than the nationwide rate (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2-1.1), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.07).
Conclusions The 30-day SSI rate at our institution in patients who underwent ITEBR was lower than the nation. SSIs occurred more frequently in procedures involving ADM both nationally and at our institution.
Anatomical Characteristics and Surgical Treatments of Pincer Nail Deformity
Authors: Jung Dong Ju , Kim Jae Hee , Lee Hee Young , Kim Dong Chul , Lee Se Il , Kim Tae Yeon 
Published: March 2015

Background Pincer nail deformity is a transverse overcurvature of the nail. This study aimed to define the anatomical characteristics of pincer nail deformity and to evaluate the surgical outcomes.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 20 cases of pincer nail deformity of the great toe. Thirty subjects without pincer nail deformity or history of trauma of the feet were selected as the control group. Width and height indices were calculated, and interphalangeal angles and base widths of the distal phalanx were measured with radiography. We chose the surgical treatment methods considering perfusion-related factors such as age, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The zigzag nail bed flap method (n=9) and the inverted T incision method (n=11) were used to repair deformities. The outcomes were evaluated 6 months after surgery.
Results The interphalangeal angle was significantly greater in the preoperative patient group (14.0°±3.6°) than in the control group (7.9°±3.0°) (P<0.05). The postoperative width and height indices were very close to the measurements in the control group, and most patients were satisfied with the outcomes.
Conclusions We believe that the width and height indices are useful for evaluating the deformity and outcomes of surgical treatments. We used two different surgical methods for the two patient groups with respect to the perfusion-related factors and found that the outcomes were all satisfactory. Consequently, we recommend taking into consideration the circulatory condition of the foot when deciding upon the surgical method for pincer nail deformity.
Accompagner l’entrepreneur dirigeant de PME
Authors: Gallais Marie , Boutary Martine 
Published: March 2015

Les actions de soutien vers les PME se sont renforcées ces dernières années, mais nous constatons que ces efforts n’ont pas toujours un écho favorable. Une hypothèse tient au manque d’adaptation des programmes d’accompagnement, en termes de savoirs et de construction de relations.
Dans cet article, nous proposons une réflexion complémentaire sur les voies que l’accompagnement entrepreneurial doit poursuivre pour être plus efficace. Nous mobilisons le concept de rapport de prescription d’Hatchuel (2001). Ce cadre théorique permet de représenter les continuums ouverts de l’accompagnement sur lesquels se construisent les savoirs et les relations, en considérant d’une part la singularité des situations de changement auxquelles est confronté l’entrepreneur dirigeant de PME et d’autre part les besoins de ce dernier (adaptation, projection, résolution de problèmes, problématisation…).
Dans ce cadre, nous étudions un cas particulier de programme d’accompagnement : « France Investissement. LeClub » à destination de PME à fort potentiel.
L’étude montre que l’accompagnant peut sortir de cette relation unilatérale d’expert pour aller vers une relation d’animateur, traducteur et de catalyseur des apprentissages, dans le cadre de réseaux par exemple. L’article propose un regard novateur sur le métier de l’accompagnement et incite les intervenants à adopter une vision élargie de leur mission.
Proximité territoriale et dynamique des AOC françaises
Authors: Ditter Jean-Guillaume , Brouard Joëlle 
Published: March 2015

Le modèle des appellations d’origine contrôlée (AOC), qui a assuré le succès des producteurs français pendant des décennies, est une forme exemplaire de stratégie collective territorialisée, fondée sur une combinaison de relations de coopération et concurrence entre acteurs locaux. Nous nous proposons d’analyser ce modèle en mobilisant les concepts de l’économie de la proximité, au croisement entre économie industrielle et économie spatiale ; notre objectif est d’appréhender le rôle de la proximité organisée sur la performance économique d’un vignoble. Dans une première partie, nous montrons comment l’approche par la proximité permet d’analyser les stratégies collectives territorialisées dans la filière vin, en détaillant plus précisément la stratégie dite « de terroir », dans laquelle s’inscrivent les AOC françaises. Dans une seconde partie, nous appliquons notre grille de lecture au cas particulier de deux vignobles – Cahors et Chablis. Nous suggérons que des degrés de proximité organisés différemment induisent des dynamiques de coopération-concurrence et des trajectoires économiques distinctes.
Entrepreneuriat coopétitif : comment intégrer la concurrence dans un contexte coopératif ?
Authors: Dana Léo-Paul , Guieu Gilles 
Published: March 2015

La quasi-totalité des travaux sur la coopétition porte sur l’émergence de la coopération dans un milieu concurrentiel. La compétition peut-elle émerger d’un substrat relationnel coopératif ? Une partie de la littérature en entrepreneuriat s’intéresse à l’entrepreneuriat indigène. C’est dans ce contexte particulier que nous abordons les relations coopétitives, plus précisément dans le contexte du peuple same. Les Sames sont le peuple indigène du Nord de la Scandinavie, vivant en Norvège, en Suède, en Finlande et dans la péninsule russe de Kola. L’élevage de rennes, activité exercée dans un cadre familial, reste un mode de vie à forte valeur sociale. Une étude ethnographique réalisée auprès des entrepreneurs sames révèle que la raison de l’élevage est le maintien de la tradition, et pas nécessairement la maximisation des profits. L’élevage de rennes n’étant plus que d’un intérêt économique limité, nombre d’entrepreneurs sames ont développé des activités complémentaires pour compenser la baisse de revenu de l’élevage, tout en préservant la valeur sociale d’une forme d’entrepreneuriat culturellement valorisé. Pour gérer ces relations coopétitives, les entrepreneurs cloisonnent leurs relations coopératives, aux enjeux culturels et territoriaux, de leurs relations concurrentielles, dont les enjeux sont économiques. Des implications en matière de coopétition et d’entrepreneuriat en sont tirées.
Les systèmes d’information en microfirme
Authors: Jaouen Annabelle , Nakara Walid A. 
Published: March 2015

Cet article vise à comprendre les pratiques des dirigeants de microfirmes (moins de cinq salariés) en matière de systèmes d’information (SI). Dans ces organisations de très petite taille, les ressources sont rares et les SI sont peu formalisés. Par ailleurs, le dirigeant a un rôle prépondérant dans le choix et la mise en place des outils. Des recherches récentes soulignent la pertinence du concept de bricolage organisationnel pour analyser les pratiques des petites entreprises. Dans cette optique, cette recherche explore les modes d’implantation et d’utilisation des systèmes d’information par les dirigeants de microfirmes, et vise à identifier les pratiques de bricolage organisationnel. La méthode de recherche adoptée est qualitative et fondée sur 56 entretiens semi-directifs avec des dirigeants de microfirmes françaises. Nous décrivons deux types de bricolage : le bricolage par nécessité et le bricolage stratégique. Les caractéristiques associées à ces deux modalités sont analysées, et se distinguent par la perception des outils, les aspirations personnelles, les objectifs pour l’entreprise, et la possession ou non en interne de compétences en SI.
Transient luminosity along negative stepped leaders in lightning
Authors: Stolzenburg Maribeth , Marshall Thomas C. , Karunarathne Sumedhe , Karunarathna Nadeeka , Orville Richard E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study presents observations of abandoned stepped leader branches that briefly reconnect to the main stepped leader trunk or another active branch during the negative stepped leader advance in natural cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes. The transient luminous features described are herein termed sparks. High‐speed video data, with 20 µs image interval, show these sparks are common, bright, and fast. They typically reach maximum visible extent of a few hundred meters or less and peak intensity of one to three times that of their parent leader within 40 µs. Most sparks connect to a parent leader within their first 20 µs and are visible for less than 120 µs. Generally, there are several milliseconds (average 3.3 ms) before the spark during which its branch is visibly abandoned, i.e., apparently neither propagating nor connected to the active stepped leader system. There is a tendency for sparks to occur late in the stepped leader advance, averaging 900 µs before the return stroke for 90 sparks in 14 strokes. Sparks occur at altitudes at least as high as the visible stepped leader top (about 3000 m in these data), but they have not been observed below 500 m altitude. Parent leaders typically get brighter below the connection point after the spark, and in some cases, their speed of advance increases. Nearby time‐correlated electric field change data show a distinct spark signature characterized by a relatively large bipolar pulse, followed by a slower decrease over 40–100 µs, ending with another relatively large pulse.
A new dynamical downscaling approach with GCM bias corrections and spectral nudging
Authors: Xu Zhongfeng , Yang Zong‐Liang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo improve confidence in regional projections of future climate, a new dynamical downscaling (NDD) approach with both general circulation model (GCM) bias corrections and spectral nudging is developed and assessed over North America. GCM biases are corrected by adjusting GCM climatological means and variances based on reanalysis data before the GCM output is used to drive a regional climate model (RCM). Spectral nudging is also applied to constrain RCM‐based biases. Three sets of RCM experiments are integrated over a 31 year period. In the first set of experiments, the model configurations are identical except that the initial and lateral boundary conditions are derived from either the original GCM output, the bias‐corrected GCM output, or the reanalysis data. The second set of experiments is the same as the first set except spectral nudging is applied. The third set of experiments includes two sensitivity runs with both GCM bias corrections and nudging where the nudging strength is progressively reduced. All RCM simulations are assessed against North American Regional Reanalysis. The results show that NDD significantly improves the downscaled mean climate and climate variability relative to other GCM‐driven RCM downscaling approach in terms of climatological mean air temperature, geopotential height, wind vectors, and surface air temperature variability. In the NDD approach, spectral nudging introduces the effects of GCM bias corrections throughout the RCM domain rather than just limiting them to the initial and lateral boundary conditions, thereby minimizing climate drifts resulting from both the GCM and RCM biases.
A new frequency domain analytical solution of a cascade of diffusive channels for flood routing
Authors: Cimorelli Luigi , Cozzolino Luca , Della Morte Renata , Pianese Domenico , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSimplified flood propagation models are often employed in practical applications for hydraulic and hydrologic analyses. In this paper, we present a new numerical method for the solution of the Linear Parabolic Approximation (LPA) of the De Saint Venant equations (DSVEs), accounting for the space variation of model parameters and the imposition of appropriate downstream boundary conditions. The new model is based on the analytical solution of a cascade of linear diffusive channels in the Laplace Transform domain. The time domain solutions are obtained using a Fourier series approximation of the Laplace Inversion formula. The new Inverse Laplace Transform Diffusive Flood Routing model (ILTDFR) can be used as a building block for the construction of real‐time flood forecasting models or in optimization models, because it is unconditionally stable and allows fast and fairly precise computation.
Unprecedented hailstorms over north peninsular India during February–March 2014
Authors: Kulkarni J. R. , Morwal S. B. , Narkhedkar S. G. , Maheskumar R. S. , Padmakumari B. , Sunitha Devi S. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnprecedented, widespread, and devastating hailstorms occurred during February and March 2014 over north peninsular India (study area). A diagnostic study has been carried out to understand the causes for the same. Over the study area the atmosphere was convectively unstable due to the incursion of warm and moist air from Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea which was overlaid by cold and dry midlatitude westerlies caused due to the unusual upper oceanic heat content of the Pacific Ocean. At the surface and lower levels, anticyclonic flow over the central India produced easterly winds and cyclonic circulation over Arabian Sea at 850 hPa level produced westerly winds over the peninsular India. Meeting of these winds caused convergence of moist air in the lower levels. The troughs in the upper level westerlies provided the divergence in the upper levels. As a consequence of this convergence/divergence structure, synoptic‐scale slow rising motion occurred over the study region. This released the convective instability to cause deep and wide convection with cloud bases at ~1500 m above mean sea level and tops well above the freezing level. Release of latent heat of deposition of water vapor provided extra buoyancy and produced strong updrafts causing explosive growth of the clouds reaching to very high levels and formation of large hails in the clouds. This atmospheric setup was a result of combined effect of planetary and synoptic forcings which persisted for ~3 weeks.
The primate autoimmune encephalomyelitis model; a bridge between mouse and man
Authors: ‘t Hart Bert A. , van Kooyk Yvette , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Gran Bruno 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an enigmatic autoimmune‐driven inflammatory/demyelinating disease of the human central nervous system (CNS), affecting brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The cause of the disease is not known and the number of effective treatments is limited. Despite some clear successes, translation of immunological discoveries in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model into effective therapies for MS patients has been difficult. This translation gap between MS and its elected EAE animal model reflects the phylogenetic distance between humans and their experimental counterpart, the inbred/specific pathogen free (SPF) laboratory mouse.ObjectiveHere, we discuss that important new insights can be obtained into the mechanistic basis of the therapy paradox from the study of nonhuman primate EAE (NHP‐EAE) models, the well‐validated EAE model in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in particular.InterpretationData presented in this review demonstrate that due to a considerable immunological and pathological overlap with mouse EAE on one side and MS on the other, the NHP EAE model can help us bridge the translation gap.
Organocatalytic Reactions of Indoles with Quinone Imine Ketals: An Alternative Metal‐Free Approach to Bioactive meta‐Indolylanilines
Authors: Jiang Fei , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Sun Si‐Bing , Zhou Lu‐Jia , Shi Feng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn organocatalytic metal‐free strategy has been established for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant meta‐indolylanilines in generally excellent yields (up to 99 %). This strategy took advantage of the reaction of indoles and quinone imine ketals (QIKs) in the presence of racemic phosphoric acid, which proceeded via a 1,4‐addition/alcohol elimination reaction sequence. The control experiment demonstrated that the dual hydrogen‐bonding activation mode of the catalyst to the substrates played a crucial role in the reaction. This protocol provides a metal‐free and step‐economical approach to meta‐anilines bearing either 3‐indolyl or 2‐indolyl moiety, which is of high value for the synthesis of compounds with potential bioactivities.magnified image
Comparative analysis of electric field influence on the quantum wells with different boundary conditions.
Authors: Olendski Oleg 
Published: March 2015

Analytical solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the one‐dimensional quantum well with all possible permutations of the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions (BCs) in perpendicular to the interfaces uniform electric field are used for the comparative investigation of their interaction and its influence on the properties of the system. Limiting cases of the weak and strong voltages allow an easy mathematical treatment and its clear physical explanation; in particular, for the small , the perturbation theory derives for all geometries a linear dependence of the polarization on the field with the BC‐dependent proportionality coefficient being positive (negative) for the ground (excited) states. Simple two‐level approximation elementary explains the negative polarizations as a result of the field‐induced destructive interference of the unperturbed modes and shows that in this case the admixture of only the neighboring states plays a dominant role. Different magnitudes of the polarization for different BCs in this regime are explained physically and confirmed numerically. Hellmann‐Feynman theorem reveals a fundamental relation between the polarization and the speed of the energy change with the field. It is proved that zero‐voltage position entropies are BC independent and for all states but the ground Neumann level (which has ) are equal to while the momentum entropies depend on the edge requirements and the level. Varying electric field changes position and momentum entropies in the opposite directions such that the entropic uncertainty relation is satisfied. Other physical quantities such as the BC‐dependent zero‐energy and zero‐polarization fields are also studied both numerically and analytically. Applications to different branches of physics, such as ocean fluid dynamics and atmospheric and metallic waveguide electrodynamics, are discussed.
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Polymeric Micelle Assembly with Inorganic Nanosheets for Construction of Mesoporous Architectures with Crystallized Walls
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Li Yunqi , Imura Masataka , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi , Nakato Teruyuki , Sasaki Takayoshi , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHere we propose a novel way to construct mesoporous architectures through evaporation‐induced assembly of polymeric micelles with crystalline nanosheets. As a model study, we used niobate nanosheets exfoliated by the direct reaction of K4Nb6O17⋅3 H2O crystals with an aqueous solution of propylamine. The electrostatic interaction between negatively charged nanosheets and positively charged polymeric micelles enable us to form composite micelles with the nanosheets. Removal of the micelles by calcination results in robust mesoporous oxides with the original crystalline structure.