bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Bright spotty lesions” on spinal magnetic resonance imaging differentiate neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yonezu Tadahiro , Ito Shoichi , Mori Masahiro , Ogawa Yoshitsugu , Makino Takahiro , Uzawa Akiyuki , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: July 2013

Background: Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (LESCL) extending over three vertebral segments and involvements of spinal central gray matter have been reported in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Objectives: We aimed to review spinal MRI findings in NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS), and to determine whether the “bright spotty lesions” (BSLs) are a discriminative finding of NMO. Methods: For this study, 24 consecutive patients with NMO and 34 patients with MS were enrolled. BSLs were defined as very hyperintense spotty lesions on axial T2WI. We also studied the length, distribution, signal homogeneity, size, and presence of contrast-enhanced lesions. Results: BSLs were more frequently found in patients with NMO (54%) than in those with MS (3%; p < 0.01). LESCL were found in 67% of the NMO patients. BSLs were seen in 63% of the patients without LESCL. BSLs or LESCL were found in 88% of the NMO patients. Inhomogeneous lesions, transversally extensive lesions, and central lesions were more frequently seen in NMO than in MS. Conclusions: BSLs are a newly defined spinal MRI finding specifically seen in NMO. In combination with LESCL, BSLs can help differentiate patients with NMO from those with MS with higher sensitivity than LESCL alone.
The link between resting-state functional connectivity and cognition in MS patients
Authors: Cruz-Gómez Álvaro J , Ventura-Campos Noelia , Belenguer Antonio , Ávila Cesar , Forn Cristina 
Published: July 2013

Objective: The objective of this paper is to explore differences in resting-state functional connectivity between cognitively impaired and preserved multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: Sixty MS patients and 18 controls were assessed with the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB-N). A global Z score of the BRB-N was obtained and allowed us to classify MS patients as cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved ( n = 30 per group). Functional connectivity was assessed by independent component analysis of resting-state networks (RSNs) related to cognition: the default mode network, left and right frontoparietal and salience network. Between-group differences were evaluated and a regression analysis was performed to describe relationships among cognitive status, functional connectivity and radiological variables. Results: Compared to cognitively preserved patients and healthy controls, cognitively impaired patients showed a lesser degree of functional connectivity in all RSNs explored. Cognitively preserved patients presented less connectivity than the control group in the left frontoparietal network. Global Z scores were positively and negatively correlated with brain parenchymal fraction and lesion volume, respectively. Conclusion: Decreased cognitive performance is accompanied by reduced resting state functional connectivity and directly related to brain damage. These results support the use of connectivity as a powerful tool to monitor and predict cognitive impairment in MS patients.
Emergency mental health admissions for children: A naturalistic study
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Marinos , Ougrin Dennis , Fraser Carmel , Thomas Gillene , McMahon Rachel 
Published: July 2013

Objective: Emergency mental health admissions (EA) for children under 13 years are not routinely offered in the UK, which may be related to preconceptions about their safety, appropriateness and acceptability. Our aim was to evaluate routinely offered EA of children in a national unit over a three-year period. Method: A retrospective, naturalistic study was conducted, comparing EA with planned admissions (PA) in terms of children’s functioning on admission and discharge, clinical characteristics, significant risk-related incidents and parental and children satisfaction. Results: EA children ( N=47) did not differ from PA children ( N=35) in age, length of admission, medication treatment, significant risk-related incidents, functioning at discharge, access to education at discharge and satisfaction. EA children had lower functioning and were less likely to have been out of education on admission. Parental satisfaction in EA was higher compared to PA. Conclusions: EA for children are an appropriate, clinically indicated and safe alternative to PA, associated with higher parental satisfaction.
Psychographic Segments of College Females and Males in Relation to Substance Use Behaviors
Authors: Suragh Tiffany Ashley , Berg Carla J. , Nehl Eric J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives A common commercial marketing segmentation technique is to divide a population into groups based on psychographic characteristics (i.e., attitudes and interests). We used this approach to define segments of female and male college students and examine substance use differences. Method We administered an online survey to 24,055 students at six colleges in the Southeastern United States (response rate 20.1%, n = 4,840), obtaining complete data from 3,469 participants. We assessed sociodemographics, psychographic factors such as those used by the tobacco industry to define market segments, and substance use (cigarettes, other tobacco products, alcohol, and marijuana). Cluster analysis was conducted among females and males using 15 psychographic measures (sensation seeking, Big Five personality traits, and nine measures adapted from tobacco industry documents), identifying three segments per sex. Results Safe responsibles were characterized by high levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, academic achievement, and religious service attendance. Stoic individualists were characterized by low extraversion, sensation seeking, and openness. Thrill-seeking socializers were characterized by high levels of sensation seeking and extraversion. Among females, thrill-seeking socializers were significantly more likely than safe responsibles to have used any substance in the prior 30 days (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.65, 2.52]; Nagelkerke R2 = .084). Among males, stoic individualists (OR = 1.50, CI [1.08, 2.08]) and thrill-seeking socializers (OR = 1.53, CI [1.09, 2.13]) were more likely than safe responsibles to have used substances in the past 30 days (Nagelkerke R2: .109). Conclusion Psychographic segmentation can identify young adult subgroups with differing psychographic and substance use profiles and inform health campaigns and messaging targeting youth.
Pronounced hypoxia in the subventricular zone following traumatic brain injury and the neural stem/progenitor cell response
Authors: Baumann Gisela , Travieso Lissette , Liebl Daniel J , Theus Michelle H 
Published: July 2013

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits identifiable changes within the adult subventricular zone (SVZ). Previously, we demonstrated that EphB3/ephrinB3 interaction inhibits neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation and downregulating this pathway following TBI plays a pivotal role in the expansion of the SVZ neurogenic compartment. It remains unclear, however, what early initiating factors may precede these changes. Using hypoxyprobe-1 (HPb) to identify regions of low oxygen tension or hypoxia (<1%), we found HPb uptake throughout the cortex (CTX), corpus callosum (CC) and SVZ within the first 24 h following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. At this early time point, HPb co-localized with EphB3 in the SVZ. NSPC specific markers also co-localized with HPb staining throughout the lateral wall of the ventricle. To determine the cell autonomous effects of hypoxia on EphB3/ephrinB3 signaling in NSPCs, we used an in vitro model of hypoxia to mimic 1% oxygen in the presence and absence of soluble aggregated ephrinB3 (eB3). As expected, hypoxia stimulated the uptake of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and reduced cell death. Coincident with these proliferative changes, both Hif1-α and phospho (p)-AKT were increased while EphB3 expression was decreased. Stimulation of EphB3 attenuated hypoxia-induced proliferation and prevented phosphorylation of AKT. Hif1-α accumulation, on the other hand, was not affected by EphB3/ephrinB3 signaling. These findings indicate that this pathway limits the NSPC response to hypoxic stimuli. These studies also suggest that early transient changes in oxygen tension following localized cortical injury may initiate a growth-promoting response in the SVZ.
Transcriptomic and phylogenetic analysis of a bacterial cell cycle reveals strong associations between gene co-expression and evolution
Authors: Fang Gang , Passalacqua Karla D , Hocking Jason , Llopis Paula Montero , Gerstein Mark , Bergman Nicholas H , Jacobs-Wagner Christine 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
The genetic network involved in the bacterial cell cycle is poorly understood even though it underpins the remarkable ability of bacteria to proliferate. How such network evolves is even less clear. The major aims of this work were to identify and examine the genes and pathways that are differentially expressed during the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle, and to analyze the evolutionary features of the cell cycle network.

Results
We used deep RNA sequencing to obtain high coverage RNA-Seq data of five C. crescentus cell cycle stages, each with three biological replicates. We found that 1,586 genes (over a third of the genome) display significant differential expression between stages. This gene list, which contains many genes previously unknown for their cell cycle regulation, includes almost half of the genes involved in primary metabolism, suggesting that these “house-keeping” genes are not constitutively transcribed during the cell cycle, as often assumed. Gene and module co-expression clustering reveal co-regulated pathways and suggest functionally coupled genes. In addition, an evolutionary analysis of the cell cycle network shows a high correlation between co-expression and co-evolution. Most co-expression modules have strong phylogenetic signals, with broadly conserved genes and clade-specific genes predominating different substructures of the cell cycle co-expression network. We also found that conserved genes tend to determine the expression profile of their module.

Conclusion
We describe the first phylogenetic and single-nucleotide-resolution transcriptomic analysis of a bacterial cell cycle network. In addition, the study suggests how evolution has shaped this network and provides direct biological network support that selective pressure is not on individual genes but rather on the relationship between genes, which highlights the importance of integrating phylogenetic analysis into biological network studies.
Measurement of tumour size with mammography, sonography and magnetic resonance imaging as compared to histological tumour size in primary breast cancer
Authors: Gruber Ines V , Rueckert Miriam , Kagan Karl O , Staebler Annette , Siegmann Katja C , Hartkopf Andreas , Wallwiener Diethelm , Hahn Markus 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Tumour size in breast cancer influences therapeutic decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sizing of primary breast cancer using mammography, sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thereby establish which imaging method most accurately corresponds with the size of the histological result.

Methods
Data from 121 patients with primary breast cancer were analysed in a retrospective study. The results were divided into the groups “ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)”, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) + ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)”, “invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)”, “invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)” and “other tumours” (tubular, medullary, mucinous and papillary breast cancer). The largest tumour diameter was chosen as the sizing reference in each case. Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine to what extent the imaging tumour size correlated with the histopathological tumour sizes.

Results
Tumour size was found to be significantly underestimated with sonography, especially for the tumour groups IDC + DCIS, IDC and ILC. The greatest difference between sonographic sizing and actual histological tumour size was found with invasive lobular breast cancer. There was no significant difference between mammographic and histological sizing. MRI overestimated non-significantly the tumour size and is superior to the other imaging techniques in sizing of IDC + DCIS and ILC.

Conclusions
The histological subtype should be included in imaging interpretation for planning surgery in order to estimate the histological tumour size as accurately as possible.
The dyslipidemia-associated SNP on the APOA1/C3/A5 gene cluster predicts post-surgery poor outcome in Taiwanese breast cancer patients: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Hsu Mei-Chi , Lee Kuo-Ting , Hsiao Wei-Chiang , Wu Chih-Hsing , Sun Hung-Yu , Lin I-Ling , Young Kung-Chia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Post-surgery therapies are given to early-stage breast cancer patients due to the possibility of residual micrometastasis, and optimized by clincopathological parameters such as tumor stage, and hormone receptor/lymph node status. However, current efficacy of post-surgery therapies is unsatisfactory, and may be varied according to unidentified patient genetic factors. Increases of breast cancer occurrence and recurrence have been associated with dyslipidemia, which can attribute to other known risk factors of breast cancer including obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Thus we reasoned that dyslipidemia-associated nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the APOA1/C3/A5 gene cluster may predict breast cancer risk and tumor progression.

Methods
We analyzed the distribution of 5 selected APOA1/C3/A5 SNPs in recruited Taiwanese breast cancer patients (n=223) and healthy controls (n=162). The association of SNP (APOA1 rs670) showing correlation with breast cancer with baseline and follow-up parameters was further examined.

Results

APOA1 rs670 A allele carriage was higher in breast cancer patients than controls (59.64% vs. 48.77%, p=0.038). The rs670 A allele carrying patients showed less favorable baseline phenotype with positive lymph nodes (G/A: OR=3.32, 95% CI=1.77-6.20, p<0.001; A/A: OR=2.58, 95% CI=1.05-6.32, p=0.039) and negative hormone receptor expression (A/A: OR=4.85, 95%CI=1.83-12.83, p=0.001) in comparison to G/G carriers. Moreover, rs670 A/A carrying patients had higher risks in both tumor recurrence (HR=3.12, 95% CI=1.29-7.56, p=0.012) and mortality (HR=4.36, 95% CI=1.52-12.47, p=0.006) than patients with no A alleles after adjustments for associated baseline parameters. Furthermore, the prognostic effect of rs670 A/A carriage was most evident in lymph node-negative patients, conferring to the highest risks of recurrence (HR=4.98, 95% CI=1.40-17.70, p=0.013) and mortality (HR=9.87, 95%CI=1.60-60.81, p=0.014) than patients with no A alleles.

Conclusions

APOA1 rs670 A/A carriage showed poor post-surgery prognosis in Taiwanese lymph node-negative breast cancer patients, whose prognosis were considered better and adjuvant treatment might be less stringent according to currently available assessment protocols. Our findings suggest that APOA1 rs670 indicate a post-surgery risk of breast cancer disease progression, and that carriers of this SNP may benefit from more advanced disease monitoring and therapy regimens than the current regular standards. Furthermore, control of lipid homeostasis might protect APOA1 rs670 minor allele carriers from breast cancer occurrence and progression.
Effects of hypoxia on human cancer cell line chemosensitivity
Authors: Strese Sara , Fryknäs Mårten , Larsson Rolf , Gullbo Joachim 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundEnvironment inside even a small tumor is characterized by total (anoxia) or partial oxygen deprivation, (hypoxia). It has been shown that radiotherapy and some conventional chemotherapies may be less effective in hypoxia, and therefore it is important to investigate how different drugs act in different microenvironments. In this study we perform a large screening of the effects of 19 clinically used or experimental chemotherapeutic drugs on five different cell lines in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia.MethodsA panel of 19 commercially available drugs: 5-fluorouracil, acriflavine, bortezomib, cisplatin, digitoxin, digoxin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, irinotecan, melphalan, mitomycin c, rapamycin, sorafenib, thalidomide, tirapazamine, topotecan and vincristine were tested for cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines A2780 (ovarian), ACHN (renal), MCF-7 (breast), H69 (SCLC) and U-937 (lymphoma). Parallel aliquots of the cells were grown at different oxygen pressures and after 72 hours of drug exposure viability was measured with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay (FMCA).ResultsSorafenib, irinotecan and docetaxel were in general more effective in an oxygenated environment, while cisplatin, mitomycin c and tirapazamine were more effective in a low oxygen environment. Surprisingly, hypoxia in H69 and MCF-7 cells mostly rendered higher drug sensitivity. In contrast ACHN appeared more sensitive to hypoxia, giving slower proliferating cells, and consequently, was more resistant to most drugs.ConclusionsA panel of standard cytotoxic agents was tested against five different human cancer cell lines cultivated at normoxic, hypoxic and anoxic conditions. Results show that impaired chemosensitivity is not universal, in contrast different cell lines behave different and some drugs appear even less effective in normoxia than hypoxia.
Aboriginal birth cohort (ABC): a prospective cohort study of early life determinants of adiposity and associated risk factors among Aboriginal people in Canada
Authors: Wahi Gita , Wilson Julie , Miller Ruby , Anglin Rebecca , McDonald Sarah , Morrison Katherine M , Teo Koon K , Anand Sonia S 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Aboriginal people living in Canada have a high prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To better understand the pre and postnatal influences on the development of adiposity and related cardio-metabolic factors in adult Aboriginal people, we will recruit and follow prospectively Aboriginal pregnant mothers and their children – the Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) study.

Methods/design
We aim to recruit 300 Aboriginal pregnant mothers and their newborns from the Six Nations Reserve, and follow them prospectively to age 3 years. Key details of environment and health including maternal nutrition, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and weight gain will be collected. At birth, cord blood and placenta samples will be collected, as well as newborn anthropometric measurements. Mothers and offspring will be followed annually with serial measurements of diet and physical activity, growth trajectory, and adiposity.

Discussion
There is an urgent need to understand maternal and child factors that underlie the early development of adiposity and type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal people. The information generated from this cohort will assist the Six Nations community in developing interventions to prevent early adiposity in Aboriginal children.
Monoclonal antibody humanness score and its applications
Authors: Gao Sean H , Huang Kexin , Tu Hua , Adler Adam S 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are rapidly gaining in popularity for the treatment of a myriad of diseases, ranging from cancer to autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases. Multiple forms of antibody therapeutics are in use today that differ in the amount of human sequence present in both the constant and variable regions, where antibodies that are more human-like usually have reduced immunogenicity in clinical trials.

Results
Here we present a method to quantify the humanness of the variable region of monoclonal antibodies and show that this method is able to clearly distinguish human and non-human antibodies with excellent specificity. After creating and analyzing a database of human antibody sequences, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the humanness of therapeutic antibodies, and found that increased humanness score is correlated with decreased immunogenicity of antibodies. We further discovered a surprisingly similarity in the immunogenicity of fully human antibodies and humanized antibodies that are more human-like based on their humanness score.

Conclusions
Our results reveal that in most cases humanizing an antibody and confirming the humanness of the final form may be sufficient to eliminate immunogenicity issues to the same extent as using fully human antibodies. We created a public website to calculate the humanness score of any input antibody sequence based on our human antibody database. This tool will be of great value during the preclinical drug development process for new monoclonal antibody therapeutics.
Genetic variation in Tanis was associated with elevating plasma triglyceride level in Chinese nondiabetic subjects
Authors: Gao Ying , Xie Xiang , Ma Yi-Tong , Yang Yi-Ning , Li Xiao-Mei , Fu Zhen-Yan , Zheng Ying-Ying , Ma Xiang , Chen Bang-Dang , Liu Fen , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
The association of genetic polymorphisms of Tanis with triglyceride concentration in human has not been thoroughly examined. We aimed to investigate the relationship between triglyceride concentrations and Tanis genetic polymorphisms.

Methods
All participants (n=1497) selected from subjects participating in the Cardiovascular Risk Survey (CRS) study were divided into two groups according to ethnicity (Han: n=1059; Uygur: n= 438). Four tagging SNPs (rs12910524, rs1384565, rs2101171, rs4965814) of Tanis gene were genotyped using TaqMan® assays from Applied Biosystems following the manufacturer’s suggestions and analyzed in an ABI 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System.

Results
We found that the SNP rs12910524 was associated with triglyceride levels by analyses of a dominant model (P<0.001), recessive model (P <0.001) and additive model (P < 0.001) not only in Han ethnic but also in Uygur ethnic group, and the difference remained significant after the adjustment of sex, age, alcohol intake, smoking, BMI and plasma glucose (GLU) level (All P < 0.001). However, this relationship was not observed in rs1384565, rs2101171, and rs4965814 before and after multivariate adjustment (All P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were significant interactions between rs12910524 and GLU on TG both in Han (P=0.001) and Uygur population (P=2.60×10-4).

Conclusion
Our results indicated that the rs12910524 in the Tanis gene was associated with triglyceride concentrations in subjects without diabetes in China.