bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LANDLINE: Halifax to Vancouver
Authors: Harvey Dustin , Wong Adrienne 
Published: July 2014

Abstract: LANDLINE: Halifax to Vancouver, by Dustin Harvey and Adrienne Wong, is an intimate, roving performance for two participants situated in two different cities. Designed to relocate and connect different cities, the performance uses an audio track played over an iPod to guide participants on a walk through urban space. The participants are prompted to text message each other and share anecdotes, observations, and—possibly—secrets. At the end of the piece, the participants return to the start point, where they encounter their counterpoint via video link between the two cities. What happens next is up to the two strangers—who may be closer now than when they started. LANDLINE is a slow dance for two, with their arms wrapped around the nation. The performance is one hour long and repeats every ten minutes for a maximum of four hours at a time. LANDLINE was first produced between Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Vancouver, British Columbia, in September 2013 by Secret Theatre and Neworld Theatre.
Placing the Supranational Politics of Jean Monnet in Time
Authors: Ugland Trygve 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:Jean Monnet was an agent of paradigmatic change by playing an imperative role in the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which over time evolved into today’s European Union (EU). Monnet’s vision for European supranational unity was officially presented as the Schuman Declaration on 9 May 1950, a date that is celebrated annually as Europe Day. However significant this date was in the life of Monnet and in the post-war European political integration efforts, it is just a snapshot among numerous preceding and subsequent developments. Although much social science scholarship has been devoted to analyzing the long-term institutional developments following the establishment of the ECSC (see, for instance, Bulmer ), the long-term process leading to 9 May 1950 has been subject to less attention. This paper focuses on one particular aspect of this context, the formative influences on Jean Monnet.
Building a Conservative Nation: An Examination of Canada’s New Citizenship Guide,Discover Canada
Authors: Tonon Laura , Raney Tracey 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:In 2009, the Conservative government announced that its new citizenship guide, Discover Canada, would replace the previous guide that had been in place since 1995. Using a discourse analysis, this article assesses the nation-building strategies employed by the Conservative government in this new guide. The central argument is that Discover Canada advances a version of the Canadian nation tied to socially and economically conservative values as well as law and order issues. This neo-conservative national identity has important implications for national belonging and membership not only for prospective citizens to Canada, but also for Canada’s historical national minorities, including Quebec and Aboriginal peoples.
The Exclusive Nature of Quebec’s Contemporary Nationalism: The Pitfalls of Civic Nationalism
Authors: Caron Jean-François 
Published: July 2014

Abstract: With reason, Quebec contemporary nationalism can be defined as a form of civic nationalism. This type of collective identification can be defined as being inclusive for every citizen notwithstanding their ethno-cultural origins. However, the Quebec case tends to illustrate that the discourse surrounding civic nationalism can be as exclusive as ethnic nationalism. This is largely due to the fact that Quebecers’ collective identity is defined around specific political values that are not and cannot by nature be shared by every Quebec citizen. This is what this text will show and it will focus on the reasons that explain such a situation.
Entre famille et vieillissement :Impact des transformations familiales aux âges avancés
Authors: Le Bourdais Céline , Girard Magali , Swiss Liam , Lapierre-Adamcyk Évelyne 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:Based on an impressive amount of quantative data, the authors discuss the consequences of Canada’s population dynamics in great detail. They address the plunging fertility rates, changing family composition, the growing instability of marriage and their impact on family life for present and future old persons. This article is based on research presented at the International Conference, “Ageing Societies: The Dynamics of Demographic Change in Canada” organized by ICCS in 2010.
Femmes, mondanité et culture dans les années 1940 : l’exemple de la chronique « Ce dont on parle » de Lucette Robert dans La Revue populaire
Authors: Savoie Chantal 
Published: July 2014

Résumé Au tournant du XXe siècle, les pages féminines des grands quotidiens deviennent un des lieux qui ont le plus contribué à façonner l’émergence d’un regard lettré féminin sur le monde et sur la culture. Dans le prolongement de nos travaux sur les pages féminines des quotidiens et sur les périodiques féminins des premières décennies du XXe siècle, nous souhaitons mesurer l’évolution du regard féminin porté sur le monde et sur la culture par les magazines en nous attardant à la chronique « Ce dont on parle » de Lucette Robert dans La revue populaire (1944-1947). Alors que le monde de l’imprimé subit une mutation décisive au cours de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, comment la modernisation de la société et le redéploiement de l’espace médiatique en général et de l’espace spécifique des magazines en particulier, sont-ils transformés par cette évolution ? Comment la culture mondaine féminine se présente-t-elle au sortir de la guerre ? La chronique de Lucette Robert, abordant les échos des milieux mondains, littéraires et artistiques, alors que la chroniqueuse incarne elle-même un nouveau modèle de femme lettrée et de citoyenne du monde dans une revue populaire, s’avère un exemple privilégié qui permet de sonder l’arrimage des différentes sphères culturelles (médiatique et culturelle, au confluent de la culture populaire et de la culture moyenne) à une époque charnière.
Hemispheric Travel from Europe tolas Américas: The Imaginary and the Novel in Québec and Canada
Authors: Vautier Marie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:This article explores cross-cultural interactions in Canadian fiction in French and English, and delineates a hemispheric shift in the imaginaries of the literatures of Canada and Québec. Beginning with what are sometimes considered to be the “first” Canadian and Québécois novels, The History of Emily Montague by Frances Brooke and L’Influence d’un livre by Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, fils , this article will argue that both were open to the “Other,” as represented by references to the opposing linguistic body (French or English). The article then provides a diachronic overview of texts published in English and French in Canada, and underlines both cross-cultural interactions (English-French) within the literatures of Canada and their fascination with Europe. This is followed by references to some late twentieth-century authors, whose work reveals the beginning of a shift in attitudes away from Europe and toward Latin America. The article ends with an in-depth analysis of a twenty-first-century novel, Nikolski by Nicolas Dickner , and the main thrust of the argument here is to unpack the diminishing importance of Europe and the increasing importance of Latin America for the contemporary literary imaginary.
The Book of Negroes’ Illustrated Edition: Circulating African-Canadian History through the Middlebrow
Authors: Roberts Gillian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:This article examines the 2009 deluxe illustrated edition of Lawrence Hill’s Commonwealth Writers’ Prize– and Canada Reads–winning novel The Book of Negroes , originally published in 2007. It relates the story of Aminata, a West African girl kidnapped and sold into slavery, and her experiences on an indigo plantation in the American south, followed by further displacements to Charleston, Nova Scotia, Sierra Leone, and London. In New York, as the Revolutionary War comes to a close, Aminata becomes the scribe for the Book of Negroes, documenting the Black Loyalists, as well as the slaves and indentured servants of white Loyalists, granted passage by the British to Canada. Hill has commented that the Book of Negroes is an important document about which Canadians are largely ignorant. This desire to circulate knowledge about African-Canadian history through the novel is particularly manifest in the illustrated edition of 2009, where a photograph of the Book of Negroes features prominently, along with countless other images and captions which supplement and interrupt Hill’s narrative. This article considers the significance and implications of this “keepsake” or “souvenir” edition, particularly its circulation of knowledge about African-Canadian history through visual pleasure.
Learning from the early adopters: developing the Digital Practitioner
Authors: Bennett Liz 
Published: July 2014

This paper explores how Sharpe and Beetham’s Digital Literacies Framework which was derived to model students’ digital literacies, can be applied to lecturers’ digital literacy practices. Data from a small-scale phenomenological study of higher education lecturers who used Web 2.0 in their teaching and learning practices are used to examine if this pyramid model represents their motivations for adopting technology-enhanced learning in their pedagogic practices. The paper argues that whilst Sharpe and Beetham’s model has utility in many regards, these lecturers were mainly motivated by the desire to achieve their pedagogic goals rather than by a desire to become a digital practitioner.Keywords: pedagogic goal; belief; digital practitioner; motivation; framework; model(Published: 24 July 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 21453 -http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.21453
Les jardins Baruya
Authors: Lory Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2014

Les deux vallées occupées par les Baruya offrent un paysage similaire où de grandes zones se différencient clairement. Au fond de la vallée, le long des rivières, alternent les tarodières inondables avec les champs de cannes à sel. Plus haut, on trouve les villages entourés du réseau des jardins domestiques. Encore au-dessus se dessinent les mosaïques complexes des jardins où prolifèrent taros et patates-douces, dans un entrelac de parcelles attribuées selon la parenté des propriétaires du sol et aux membres du groupe d'entraide requis pour les tâches de mise en culture. Enfin, ultime niveau cultivé, celui des grands jardins de taros qui jouxte le domaine des brousses de chasse. Ces immenses jardins, les plus éloignés des lieux habités, regroupent souvent les habitants de plusieurs villages. Ilôts cultivés dans la forêt, les travaux de défrichage de ces unités de culture donnent lieu à des entreprises collectives valorisées cérémoniellement. Ce terroir ne laisse apparaître aucune inégalité frappante quant à sa distribution. Les terres de chacun des clans forment des franges verticales qui recouvrent en partie les divers sites de culture. Ainsi chaque individu peut être propriétaire de jardins ou de parcelles des différents types, il a donc accès à la totalité de l'éventail des ressources produites sur le terroir. Nul individu ou groupe d'individu, de par son statut, sa fonction, par son appartenance clanique ou lignagère n'est le détenteur de droits particuliers en rapport avec la mise en culture de la terre ou la récolte des produits. L'impératif d'accorder les différents cycles de défrichage aux divers genres de production et de milieu ne peut être respecté si le producteur peut compter sur une force de travail et une diversification dans la répartition des lopins cultivés qui dépassent les capacités de la famille étendue ou du lignage d'ego.
Enfin, la conservation, le maintien du stock et la circulation des boutures de taro qui pourraient faire l'objet d'une compétition et d'une appropriation « à forme autoritaire » sont en fait régis par un code spécifique dont la nature s'apparente au mode d'échange direct ou restreint des femmes, forme de mariage qui sert de référence aux alliances des membres de la tribu.
Macrophage- and Neutrophil-Derived TNF-α Instructs Skin Langerhans Cells To Prime Antiviral Immune Responses
Authors: Epaulard Olivier , Adam Lucille , Poux Candice , Zurawski Gerard , Salabert Nina , Rosenbaum Pierre , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Zurawski Sandra , Flamar Anne-Laure , Oh Sangkon , Romain Gabrielle , Chapon Catherine , Banchereau Jacques , Lévy Yves , Le Grand Roger , Martinon Frédéric 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Dendritic cells are major APCs that can efficiently prime immune responses. However, the roles of skin-resident Langerhans cells (LCs) in eliciting immune responses have not been fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that LCs in cynomolgus macaque skin are capable of inducing antiviral-specific immune responses in vivo. Targeting HIV-Gag or influenza hemagglutinin Ags to skin LCs using recombinant fusion proteins of anti-Langerin Ab and Ags resulted in the induction of the viral Ag-specific responses. We further demonstrated that such Ag-specific immune responses elicited by skin LCs were greatly enhanced by TLR ligands, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid, and R848. These enhancements were not due to the direct actions of TLR ligands on LCs, but mainly dependent on TNF-α secreted from macrophages and neutrophils recruited to local tissues. Skin LC activation and migration out of the epidermis are associated with macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the tissues. More importantly, blocking TNF-α abrogated the activation and migration of skin LCs. This study highlights that the cross-talk between innate immune cells in local tissues is an important component for the establishment of adaptive immunity. Understanding the importance of local immune networks will help us to design new and effective vaccines against microbial pathogens.
Modulation of TNF-Induced Macrophage Polarization by Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Donlin Laura T. , Jayatilleke Arundathi , Giannopoulou Eugenia G. , Kalliolias George D. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as powerful modulators of the immune system. In this study, we explored how the human macrophage response to TNF is regulated by human synovial fibroblasts, the representative stromal cell type in the synovial lining of joints that become activated during inflammatory arthritis. We found that synovial fibroblasts strongly suppressed TNF-mediated induction of an IFN-β autocrine loop and downstream expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 that are characteristic of classical macrophage activation. TNF induced the production of soluble synovial fibroblast factors that suppressed the macrophage production of IFN-β, and cooperated with TNF to limit the responsiveness of macrophages to IFN-β by suppressing activation of Jak–STAT signaling. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis showed that cocultured synovial fibroblasts modulate the expression of approximately one third of TNF-regulated genes in macrophages, including genes in pathways important for macrophage survival and polarization toward an alternatively activated phenotype. Pathway analysis revealed that gene expression programs regulated by synovial fibroblasts in our coculture system were also regulated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial macrophages, suggesting that these fibroblast-mediated changes may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between innate immune and stromal cells during an inflammatory response, one that is particularly relevant to inflammatory arthritis. Our findings also identify modulation of macrophage phenotype as a new function for synovial fibroblasts that may prove to be a contributing factor in arthritis pathogenesis.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Potential Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Li Yan , Tu Zhidan , Qian Shiguang , Fung John J. , Markowitz Sanford D. , Kusner Linda L. , Kaminski Henry J. , Lu Lina , Lin Feng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We recently demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells induce the differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from myeloid progenitors. In this study, we found that adoptive transfer of these MDSCs effectively reversed disease progression in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), a T cell–dependent and B cell–mediated model for myasthenia gravis. In addition to ameliorated disease severity, MDSC-treated EAMG mice showed suppressed acetylcholine receptor (AChR)–specific T cell responses, decreased levels of serum anti-AChR IgGs, and reduced complement activation at the neuromuscular junctions. Incubating MDSCs with B cells activated by anti-IgM or anti-CD40 Abs inhibited the proliferation of these in vitro–activated B cells. Administering MDSCs into mice immunized with a T cell–independent Ag inhibited the Ag-specific Ab production in vivo. MDSCs directly inhibit B cells through multiple mechanisms, including PGE2, inducible NO synthase, and arginase. Interestingly, MDSC treatment in EAMG mice does not appear to significantly inhibit their immune response to a nonrelevant Ag, OVA. These results demonstrated that hepatic stellate cell–induced MDSCs concurrently suppress both T and B cell autoimmunity, leading to effective treatment of established EAMG, and that the MDSCs inhibit AChR-specific immune responses at least partially in an Ag-specific manner. These data suggest that MDSCs could be further developed as a novel approach to treating myasthenia gravis and, even more broadly, other diseases in which T and B cells are involved in pathogenesis.
Modeling Wildfire Spread in Mountain Pine Beetle-Affected Forest Stands, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Perrakis Daniel D. B. , Lanoville Rick A. , Taylor Stephen W. , Hicks Dana 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins; MPB) has killed lodgepole pines (Pinus contortaDougl. ex Loud.) across 20 million hectares of central British Columbia, Canada, since the late 1990s, challenging land managers as well as fire management personnel. Although recent studies have used models to simulate how MPB might affect fire spread, very little fire behaviour has been documented in MPB-affected stands. We documented rate of spread (ROS) in experimental fires and wildfires in recent MPB-killed stands in British Columbia using interpretations of oblique photographs, airborne measurements of wildfire spread, and experimental burns. Fire spread observations were used to develop ROS models following the empirical approach of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS). Sixteen fire runs were examined that occurred in mature MPB-affected pine stands from 1 to 5 years since peak attack. Observations of ROS were associated with corresponding weather measurements from nearby weather stations and non-linear regression curves were fit to paired ROS and Initial Spread Index (ISI) data according to CFFDRS convention. Although the dataset is less robust than a strictly experimental approach, fires had faster spread and more crown fire than predicted, with a linear average of 2.7 times higher ROS in best fit models than expected for unaffected pine. The most likely crown fire initiation threshold (P= 0.5) was ISI 5.5. Fire intensity is likely higher in early post-MPB stands due to increased ROS, lower crowning thresholds, and greater consumption of fine dead branches. Further studies on fire behaviour in MPB-affected stands are needed, but the present findings can help reduce uncertainty in fire and land management decisions in the interim.
Characteristics of Burns Conducted under Modified Prescriptions to Mitigate Limited Fuels in a Semi-Arid Grassland
Authors: Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D. , Smith David P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn semi-arid grasslands of the North American Great Plains, fire has traditionally been viewed as having few management applications, and quantitative measurements of fire behavior in the low fuel loads characteristic of this region are lacking. More recently, land managers have recognized potential applications of prescribed fire to control undesirable plant species and to manage habitat for wildlife in this region. Working in the shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado over a 7-year period, we quantified peak temperatures, heating duration, and heat dosage produced near ground level during prescribed burns conducted under a wide range of fuel loads and weather conditions. We use an information theoretic approach to develop models that predict peak temperature and heat dosage as a function of weather parameters and fuel loads. Under the weather conditions that we examined, successful burns (>80 % of target area burnt) occurred with fuel loads varying from 350 kg ha−1 to 1175 kg ha−1, while burns with fuel loads <350 kg ha−1 generally failed to spread and burned less than 60 % of target areas. Peak temperatures, heat duration, and heat dosage during shortgrass burns: 1) were lower than reported for mixed grass prairies, 2) increased linearly with increasing fuel loads, and 3) were secondarily influenced by wind speed, ambient air temperature, and relative humidity. Compared to desert grassland, heat doses near the ground surface were similar, but peak temperatures were lower and heat duration longer in shortgrass steppe burns. Our findings provide quantitative predictions for heat production from fires in shortgrass steppe near the ground surface, where most plant meristems are located. Based on these relationships, we provide suggestions for burn prescriptions to achieve goals such as reducing abundance of undesirable plant species and providing habitat for native grassland birds.
EU-US Open Skies Agreement: What Is Changed in the North Transatlantic Skies?
Authors: Morandi Valentina , Malighetti Paolo , Paleari Stefano , Redondi Renato 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article presents analysis of air service levels and competition dynamics in the transatlantic market before and after the EU-US Open Skies Agreement (OSA) signed in 2008. By comparing direct and connecting flights in a typical off-peak week, we investigate whether the EU-US OSA has led to more choices for transatlantic travelers. We examine the impact of the EU-US OSA on competition between carriers, alliances, and hub airports. The results show that the number of direct transatlantic connections and served airport pairs decreased and only indirect competition increased.
Characterization of Delay Propagation in the US Air-Transportation Network
Authors: Fleurquin Pablo , Ramasco José J. , Eguíluz Víctor M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Complex networks provide a suitable framework to characterize air traffic. Previous works described the world air-transport network as a graph where direct flights are edges and commercial airports are vertices. In this work, we focus instead on the properties of flight delays in the US air- transportation network. We analyze flight performance data in 2010 and study the topological structure of the network as well as the aircraft rotation. The properties of flight delays, including the distribution of total delays, the dependence on the day of the week and the hour-by-hour evolution within each day, are characterized with special attention to flights accumulating delays longer than 12 hours. We find that the distributions are robust to changes in takeoff or landing operations, different moments of the year, or even different airports in the contiguous states. However, airports in remote areas (Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico) can show peculiar distributions biased toward long delays. Additionally, we show that long-delayed flights have an important dependence on the destination airport.