bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders in Canada between self-report and administrative data
Authors: O'Donnell S. , Vanderloo S. , McRae L. , Onysko J. , Patten S. B. , Pelletier L. 
Published: June 2015

Background.To compare trends in the estimated prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders identified from two data sources (self-report and administrative). Reviewing, synthesising and interpreting data from these two sources will help identify potential factors that underlie the observed estimates and inform public health action.Method.We used self-reported, diagnosed mood and/or anxiety disorder cases from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) across a 5-year span (from 2003 to 2009) to estimate the prevalence among the Canadian population aged ≥15 years. We also estimated the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), which identified cases using ICD-9/-10-CA codes from physician billing claims and hospital discharge records during the same time period. The prevalence rates for mood and/or anxiety disorders were compared across the CCHS and CCDSS by age and sex for all available years of data from 2003 to 2009. Summary rates were age-standardised to the Canadian population as of 1 October 1991.Results.In 2009, the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders was 9.4% using self-reported datav.11.3% using administrative data. Prevalence rates obtained from administrative data were consistently higher than those from self-report for both men and women. However, due to an increase in the prevalence of self-reported cases, these differences decreased over time (rate ratios for both sexes: 1.6–1.2). Prevalence estimates were consistently higher among females compared with males irrespective of data source. While differences in the prevalence estimates between the two data sources were evident across all age groups, the reduction of these differences was greater among adolescent, young and middle-aged adults compared with those 70 years and older.Conclusions.The overall narrowing of differences over time reflects a convergence of information regarding the prevalence of mood and/or anxiety disorders trends between self-report and administrative data sources. While the administrative data-based prevalences remained relatively stable, the self-reported prevalences increased over time. These observations may reflect positive societal changes in the perceptions of mental health (declining stigma) and/or increasing mental health literacy. Additional research using non-ecological data is required to further our understanding of the observed findings and trends, including a data linkage exercise permitting a comparison of prevalence estimates and population characteristics from these two data sources both separately and merged.
Tandem C–H oxidation/cyclization/rearrangement and its application to asymmetric syntheses of (−)-brussonol and (−)-przewalskine E
Authors: Jiao Zhi-Wei , Tu Yong-Qiang , Zhang Qing , Liu Wen-Xing , Zhang Shu-Yu , Wang Shao-Hua , Zhang Fu-Min , Jiang Sen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNatural products are a vital source of lead compounds in drug discovery. Development of efficient tandem reactions to build useful compounds and apply them to the synthesis of natural products is not only a significant challenge but also an important goal for chemists. Here we describe a tandem C–H oxidation/cyclization/rearrangement of isochroman-derived allylic silylethers, promoted by DDQ and InCl3. This method allows the efficient construction of tricyclic benzoxa[3.2.1]octanes with a wide substrate scope. We employ this tandem reaction to achieve the asymmetric total syntheses of (−)-brussonol and (−)-przewalskine E.
Surface determination through atomically resolved secondary-electron imaging
Authors: Ciston J. , Brown H. G. , D’Alfonso A. J. , Koirala P. , Ophus C. , Lin Y. , Suzuki Y. , Inada H. , Zhu Y. , Allen L. J. , Marks L. D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnique determination of the atomic structure of technologically relevant surfaces is often limited by both a need for homogeneous crystals and ambiguity of registration between the surface and bulk. Atomically resolved secondary-electron imaging is extremely sensitive to this registration and is compatible with faceted nanomaterials, but has not been previously utilized for surface structure determination. Here we report a detailed experimental atomic-resolution secondary-electron microscopy analysis of the c(6 × 2) reconstruction on strontium titanate (001) coupled with careful simulation of secondary-electron images, density functional theory calculations and surface monolayer-sensitive aberration-corrected plan-view high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Our work reveals several unexpected findings, including an amended registry of the surface on the bulk and strontium atoms with unusual seven-fold coordination within a typically high surface coverage of square pyramidal TiO5 units. Dielectric screening is found to play a critical role in attenuating secondary-electron generation processes from valence orbitals.
NELL-1 in the treatment of osteoporotic bone loss
Authors: James Aaron W. , Shen Jia , Zhang Xinli , Asatrian Greg , Goyal Raghav , Kwak Jin H. , Jiang Lin , Bengs Benjamin , Culiat Cymbeline T. , Turner A. Simon , Seim III Howard B. , Wu Benjamin M. , Lyons Karen , Adams John S. , Ting Kang , Soo Chia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNELL-1 is a secreted, osteoinductive protein whose expression rheostatically controls skeletal ossification. Overexpression of NELL-1 results in craniosynostosis in humans and mice, whereas lack ofNell-1expression is associated with skeletal undermineralization. Here we show thatNell-1-haploinsufficient mice have normal skeletal development but undergo age-related osteoporosis, characterized by a reduction in osteoblast:osteoclast (OB:OC) ratio and increased bone fragility. Recombinant NELL-1 binds to integrin β1 and consequently induces Wnt/β-catenin signalling, associated with increased OB differentiation and inhibition of OC-directed bone resorption. Systemic delivery of NELL-1 to mice with gonadectomy-induced osteoporosis results in improved bone mineral density. When extended to a large animal model, local delivery of NELL-1 to osteoporotic sheep spine leads to significant increase in bone formation. Altogether, these findings suggest that NELL-1 deficiency plays a role in osteoporosis and demonstrate the potential utility of NELL-1 as a combination anabolic/antiosteoclastic therapeutic for bone loss.
Characterization of twenty-five ovarian tumour cell lines that phenocopy primary tumours
Authors: Ince Tan A. , Sousa Aurea D. , Jones Michelle A. , Harrell J. Chuck , Agoston Elin S. , Krohn Marit , Selfors Laura M. , Liu Wenbin , Chen Ken , Yong Mao , Buchwald Peter , Wang Bin , Hale Katherine S. , Cohick Evan , Sergent Petra , Witt Abigail , Kozhekbaeva Zhanna , Gao Sizhen , Agoston Agoston T. , Merritt Melissa A. , Foster Rosemary , Rueda Bo R. , Crum Christopher P. , Brugge Joan S. , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCurrently available human tumour cell line panels consist of a small number of lines in each lineage that generally fail to retain the phenotype of the original patient tumour. Here we develop a cell culture medium that enables us to routinely establish cell lines from diverse subtypes of human ovarian cancers with >95% efficiency. Importantly, the 25 new ovarian tumour cell lines described here retain the genomic landscape, histopathology and molecular features of the original tumours. Furthermore, the molecular profile and drug response of these cell lines correlate with distinct groups of primary tumours with different outcomes. Thus, tumour cell lines derived using this methodology represent a significantly improved platform to study human tumour pathophysiology and response to therapy.
Dynamical properties induced by state-dependent delays in photonic systems
Authors: Martínez-Llinàs Jade , Porte Xavier , Soriano Miguel C. , Colet Pere , Fischer Ingo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn many dynamical systems and complex networks time delays appear naturally in feedback loops or coupling connections of individual elements. Moreover, in a whole class of systems, these delay times can depend on the state of the system. Nevertheless, so far the understanding of the impact of such state-dependent delays remains poor with a particular lack of systematic experimental studies. Here we fill this gap by introducing a conceptually simple photonic system that exhibits dynamics of self-organised switching between two loops with two different delay times, depending on the state of the system. On the basis of experiments and modelling on semiconductor lasers with frequency-selective feedback mirrors, we characterize the switching between the states defined by the individual delays. Our approach opens new perspectives for the study of this class of dynamical systems and enables applications in which the self-organized switching can be exploited.
Exponential self-replication enabled through a fibre elongation/breakage mechanism
Authors: Colomb-Delsuc Mathieu , Mattia Elio , Sadownik Jan W. , Otto Sijbren 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSelf-replicating molecules are likely to have played a central role in the origin of life. Most scenarios of Darwinian evolution at the molecular level require self-replicators capable of exponential growth, yet only very few exponential replicators have been reported to date and general design criteria for exponential replication are lacking. Here we show that a peptide-functionalized macrocyclic self-replicator exhibits exponential growth when subjected to mild agitation. The replicator self-assembles into elongated fibres of which the ends promote replication and fibre growth. Agitation results in breakage of the growing fibres, generating more fibre ends. Our data suggest a mechanism in which mechanical energy promotes the liberation of the replicator from the inactive self-assembled state, thereby overcoming self-inhibition that prevents the majority of self-replicating molecules developed to date from attaining exponential growth.
KDEL receptor 1 regulates T-cell homeostasis via PP1 that is a key phosphatase for ISR
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Katsunuma Kokichi , Arima Yasunobu , Atsumi Toru , Jiang Jing-jing , Bando Hidenori , Meng Jie , Sabharwal Lavannya , Stofkova Andrea , Nishikawa Naoki , Suzuki Hironao , Ogura Hideki , Ueda Naoko , Tsuruoka Mineko , Harada Masaya , Kobayashi Junya , Hasegawa Takanori , Yoshida Hisahiro , Koseki Haruhiko , Miura Ikuo , Wakana Shigeharu , Nishida Keigo , Kitamura Hidemitsu , Fukada Toshiyuki , Hirano Toshio , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKDEL receptors are responsible for retrotransporting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones from the Golgi complex to the ER. Here we describe a role for KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) that involves the regulation of integrated stress responses (ISR) in T cells. Designing and using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutant mouse line, T-Red (naïve T-cell reduced), we show that a point mutation in KDELR1 is responsible for the reduction in the number of naïve T cells in this model owing to an increase in ISR. Mechanistic analysis shows that KDELR1 directly regulates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a key phosphatase for ISR in naïve T cells. T-Red KDELR1 does not associate with PP1, resulting in reduced phosphatase activity against eIF2α and subsequent expression of stress responsive genes including the proapoptotic factor Bim. These results demonstrate that KDELR1 regulates naïve T-cell homeostasis by controlling ISR.
Identification of mammalian-adapting mutations in the polymerase complex of an avian H5N1 influenza virus
Authors: Taft Andrew S. , Ozawa Makoto , Fitch Adam , Depasse Jay V. , Halfmann Peter J. , Hill-Batorski Lindsay , Hatta Masato , Friedrich Thomas C. , Lopes Tiago J. S. , Maher Eileen A. , Ghedin Elodie , Macken Catherine A. , Neumann Gabriele , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAvian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype pose a serious global health threat due to the high mortality (>60%) associated with the disease caused by these viruses and the lack of protective antibodies to these viruses in the general population. The factors that enable avian H5N1 influenza viruses to replicate in humans are not completely understood. Here we use a high-throughput screening approach to identify novel mutations in the polymerase genes of an avian H5N1 virus that confer efficient polymerase activity in mammalian cells. Several of the identified mutations (which have previously been found in natural isolates) increase viral replication in mammalian cells and virulence in infected mice compared with the wild-type virus. The identification of amino-acid mutations in avian H5N1 influenza virus polymerase complexes that confer increased replication and virulence in mammals is important for the identification of circulating H5N1 viruses with an increased potential to infect humans.
White Light Emission from Vegetable Extracts
Authors: Singh Vikram , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA mixture of extracts from two common vegetables, red pomegranate and turmeric, when photoexcited at 380 nm, produced almost pure white light emission (WLE) with Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity index (0.35, 0.33) in acidic ethanol. It was also possible to obtain WLE in polyvinyl alcohol film (0.32, 0.25) and in gelatin gel (0.26, 0.33) using the same extract mixture. The colour temperature of the WLE was conveniently tunable by simply adjusting the concentrations of the component emitters. The primary emitting pigments responsible for contributing to WLE were polyphenols and anthocyanins from pomegranate and curcumin from turmeric. It was observed that a cascade of Forster resonance energy transfer involving polyphenolics, curcumin and anthocyanins played a crucial role in obtaining a CIE index close to pure white light. The optimized methods of extraction of the two primary emitting pigments from their corresponding plant sources are simple, cheap and fairly green.
Nicotine absorption from electronic cigarette use: comparison between experienced consumers (vapers) and naïve users (smokers)
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E. , Spyrou Alketa , Stefopoulos Christos , Tsimopoulou Kalliroi , Kourkoveli Panagiota , Tsiapras Dimitris , Kyrzopoulos Stamatis , Poulas Konstantinos , Voudris Vassilis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectronic cigarettes (ECs) are nicotine delivery devices that are proposed as tobacco harm reduction products to smokers. Nicotine delivery from ECs is potentially important in their efficacy as smoking substitutes. Herein, nicotine delivery from using a new-generation EC device (variable-wattage, set at 9 W) was evaluated, comparing experienced (vapers) with naïve users (smokers). Twenty-four vapers and 23 smokers participated to the study. They were asked to obtain 10 puffs in 5 minutes and then use the EC ad lib for 60 more minutes (total duration of use: 65 minutes). An 18 mg/mL nicotine-containing liquid was used. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 5-minutes and every 15 minutes thereafter, while number of puffs and average puff duration were recorded. Although at baseline both groups had similar plasma nicotine levels, smokers consistently exhibited lower levels at all time-periods; at 5-minutes the levels were lower by 46%, while during the subsequent period they were lower by 43% (at 65-minutes) to 54% (at 20-minutes). Both groups took similar number of puffs, but smokers had average puff duration of 2.3 s compared to 3.5 s in vapers. Even in vapers, plasma nicotine levels at 5 minutes were lower than those observed after smoking 1 tobacco cigarette.
Increased cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen in major depressive disorder
Authors: Hattori Kotaro , Ota Miho , Sasayama Daimei , Yoshida Sumiko , Matsumura Ryo , Miyakawa Tomoko , Yokota Yuuki , Yamaguchi Shinobu , Noda Takamasa , Teraishi Toshiya , Hori Hiroaki , Higuchi Teruhiko , Kohsaka Shinichi , Goto Yu-ichi , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) presumably includes heterogeneous subgroups with differing pathologies. To obtain a marker reflecting such a subgroup, we analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of fibrinogen, which has been reported to be elevated in the plasma of patients with MDD. Three fibrinogen-related proteins were measured using aptamer-based analyses and CSF samples of 30 patients with MDD and 30 controls. The numbers of patients with an excessively high level (>99 percentile of the controls) was significantly increased (17 to 23%). Measurement reproducibility of these results was confirmed by an ELISA for fibrinogen (Pearson’s r = 0.77). In an independent sample set from 36 patients and 30 controls, using the ELISA, results were similar (22%). When these two sample sets were combined, the number of patients with a high fibrinogen level was significantly increased (15/66; odds ratio 8.53; 95% confidence interval 1.9–39.1, p = 0.0011). By using diffusion tensor imaging, we found white matter tracts abnormalities in patients with a high fibrinogen level but not those patients with a normal fibrinogen level, compared with controls. Plasma fibrinogen levels were similar among the diagnostic groups. Our results point to a subgroup of MDD represented by increased CSF fibrinogen and white matter tract abnormalities.
Momentum Distribution of Near-Zero-Energy Photoelectrons in the Strong-Field Tunneling Ionization in the Long Wavelength Limit
Authors: Xia Q. Z. , Ye D. F. , Fu L. B. , Han X. Y. , Liu J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigate the ionization dynamics of Argon atoms irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser of a wavelength up to 3100 nm, addressing the momentum distribution of the photoelectrons with near-zero-energy. We find a surprising accumulation in the momentum distribution corresponding to meV energy and a “V”-like structure at the slightly larger transverse momenta. Semiclassical simulations indicate the crucial role of the Coulomb attraction between the escaping electron and the remaining ion at an extremely large distance. Tracing back classical trajectories, we find the tunneling electrons born in a certain window of the field phase and transverse velocity are responsible for the striking accumulation. Our theoretical results are consistent with recent meV-resolved high-precision measurements.
Dynamic reorganization of human resting-state networks during visuospatial attention
Authors: Spadone Sara , Della Penna Stefania , Sestieri Carlo , Betti Viviana , Tosoni Annalisa , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Romani Gian Luca , Corbetta Maurizio 
Published: June 2015

Significance
The brain is never at rest, and patterns of ongoing correlated activity have been found to resemble patterns during active behavior. A fundamental problem in neuroscience concerns the relationship between spontaneous and task-driven activity. During a demanding task that requires selective attention to sensory stimuli, correlated patterns of spontaneous (rest) activity are generally preserved. However, specific changes in synchronization occur within and between networks that correlate with behavioral performance. These results indicate that attention modifies spontaneous activity patterns in support of task performance.
TENET: topological feature-based target characterization in signalling networks
Authors: Chua Huey Eng , Bhowmick Sourav S. , Tucker-Kellogg Lisa , Dewey C. Forbes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMotivation: Target characterization for a biochemical network is a heuristic evaluation process that produces a characterization model that may aid in predicting the suitability of each molecule for drug targeting. These approaches are typically used in drug research to identify novel potential targets using insights from known targets. Traditional approaches that characterize targets based on their molecular characteristics and biological function require extensive experimental study of each protein and are infeasible for evaluating larger networks with poorly understood proteins. Moreover, they fail to exploit network connectivity information which is now available from systems biology methods. Adopting a network-based approach by characterizing targets using network features provides greater insights that complement these traditional techniques. To this end, we present Tenet (Target charactErization using NEtwork Topology), a network-based approach that characterizes known targets in signalling networks using topological features.Results: Tenet first computes a set of topological features and then leverages a support vector machine-based approach to identify predictive topological features that characterizes known targets. A characterization model is generated and it specifies which topological features are important for discriminating the targets and how these features should be combined to quantify the likelihood of a node being a target. We empirically study the performance of Tenet from a wide variety of aspects, using several signalling networks from BioModels with real-world curated outcomes. Results demonstrate its effectiveness and superiority in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches.Availability and implementation: Our software is available freely for non-commercial purposes from: https://sites.google.com/site/cosbyntu/softwares/tenetContact: hechua@ntu.edu.sg or assourav@ntu.edu.sgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Marked variations in reproductive characteristics of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae) and their relationship with temperature over a wide latitudinal range
Authors: Wakefield Corey B. , Potter Ian C. , Hall Norman G. , Lenanton Rodney C. J. , Hesp Sybrand A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe timing and duration of spawning and maturation schedules of Chrysophrys auratus were determined for populations in one subtropical (∼25°S on the upper west coast) and two temperate regions (∼32°S on the lower west and ∼35°S on the south coasts) over &gt;2000 km of coastline along the west coast of Australia. This study thus encompassed the wide latitudinal range of this recreationally and commercially important sparid in this region. The results were used, in conjunction with previously published data, to explore traditional paradigms regarding the relationships between the reproductive characteristics and variations in water temperature. Spawning at each latitude occurred mainly at 19–21°C, but following a decline in temperature in the subtropical region and after a rise in temperature in the two temperate regions. Spawning on the upper west coast thus occurred between mid-autumn and early spring (∼7 months) as opposed to late winter to early summer on the lower west coast (∼6 months). Spawning on the south coast was mainly restricted to mid-spring to early summer (∼2–3 months) in 2003 and 2004 and did not occur in 2005 when temperatures in this period were the coldest on record. Thus, marked interannual differences in the prevalence of mature fish on the south coast probably reflect the “marginality” of the population. The length (L50) and age (A50) at which C. auratus matured increased markedly from 25 to 32°S. Studies such as this allow for latitudinal variations in reproductive characteristics to be incorporated into population models to optimize fisheries sustainable yield, and contribute towards appropriate spatial scales for sustainable management strategies (e.g. minimum legal lengths consistent with latitudinal variation in length-based maturity schedules). The narrow temperature range over which this species spawns accounts for its current latitudinal distribution and enables predictions of how this distribution might alter with climate change. This study provides relevant information for management and climate change implications for similar subtropical and temperate marine teleosts.