bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifrequency Analysis of Favored Models for the Messier 87* Accretion Flow
Authors: Palumbo Daniel C. M. , Bauböck Michi , Gammie Charles F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The polarized images of the supermassive black hole Messier 87* (M87*) produced by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provide a direct view of the near-horizon emission from a black hole accretion and jet system. The EHT theoretical analysis of the polarized M87* images compared thousands of snapshots from numerical models with a variety of spins, magnetization states, viewing inclinations, and electron energy distributions, and found a small subset consistent with the observed image. In this article, we examine two models favored by EHT analyses: a magnetically arrested disk with moderate retrograde spin and a magnetically arrested disk with high prograde spin. Both have electron distribution functions that lead to strong depolarization by cold electrons. We ray trace five snapshots from each model at 22, 43, 86, 230, 345, and 690 GHz to forecast future very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations and examine limitations in numerical models. We find that even at low frequencies where optical and Faraday rotation depths are large, approximately rotationally symmetric polarization persists, suggesting that shallow depths dominate the polarization signal. However, morphology and spectra suggest that the assumed thermal electron distribution is not adequate to describe emission from the jet. We find 86 GHz images show a ringlike shape determined by a combination of plasma and spacetime imprints, smaller in diameter than recent results from the Global mm-VLBI Array. We find that the photon ring becomes more apparent with increasing frequency, and is more apparent in the retrograde model, leading to large differences between models in asymmetry and polarization structure.
LADDER: Revisiting the Cosmic Distance Ladder with Deep Learning Approaches and Exploring Its Applications
Authors: Shah Rahul , Saha Soumadeep , Mukherjee Purba , Garain Utpal , Pal Supratik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the prospect of reconstructing the “cosmic distance ladder” of the Universe using a novel deep learning framework called LADDER—Learning Algorithm for Deep Distance Estimation and Reconstruction. LADDER is trained on the apparent magnitude data from the Pantheon Type Ia supernova compilation, incorporating the full covariance information among data points, to produce predictions along with corresponding errors. After employing several validation tests with a number of deep learning models, we pick LADDER as the best-performing one. We then demonstrate applications of our method in the cosmological context, including serving as a model-independent tool for consistency checks for other data sets like baryon acoustic oscillations, calibration of high-redshift data sets such as gamma-ray bursts, and use as a model-independent mock-catalog generator for future probes. Our analysis advocates for careful consideration of machine learning techniques applied to cosmological contexts.
L’Arizona, un État pivot
Authors: Deysine Anne 
Published: July 2024

L’Arizona est un microcosme de l’Amérique et de sa division à l’ère du trumpisme. Ce sont donc les thèmes qui polarisent le plus l’opinion qui agitent la campagne présidentielle de 2024 : l’immigration pour les Républicains, l’avortement et les dangers pour la démocratie pour les Démocrates.
Les dérives sectaires en santé : comparaison entre la France et la Suisse
Authors: Farahmand Manéli , Berna Fabrice 
Published: July 2024

Depuis la crise du Covid-19, les autorités sanitaires françaises sont préoccupées par les dérives thérapeutiques, notamment liées aux pratiques de soins non conventionnelles (PSNC). En Suisse, les récents rapports de la Mission interministérielle de vigilance et de lutte contre les dérives sectaires (MIVILUDES) sur la « hausse des signalements liés à la santé » ont déclenché un débat porté par des personnalités politiques, conduisant à questionner l’approche suisse. La France et la Suisse sont toutes deux confrontées à des enjeux de régulation des PSNC, mais abordent différemment la définition d’une dérive sectaire. Une dérive sectaire en Suisse est vue de manière pragmatique, comme un acte juridiquement répréhensible commis dans le contexte de croyances religieuses. En France, depuis la loi About-Picard de 2001, elle inclut en plus la notion psychologique d’emprise mentale. En termes de gestion du risque sectaire, le Centre intercantonal d’information sur les croyances (CIC) – une institution suisse indépendante et neutre – met l’accent sur la prévention, la sensibilisation et l’éducation du public. Ses actions sont fondées sur des enquêtes approfondies réalisées avec des compétences scientifiques. En France, l’accent est davantage mis sur une approche restrictive et pénale, orientation actée par le rattachement de la MIVILUDES au ministère de l’Intérieur depuis 2020. Les rapports de la MIVILUDES présentent des analyses basées sur des données imprécises et ne bénéficient pas d’une expertise scientifique. Ils font l’objet d’une communication active très relayée médiatiquement, lui conférant ainsi un rôle d’influence politique.
Leadership positif et satisfaction professionnelle à la Cour des comptes européenne
Authors: Uman Timur , Argento Daniela , Grossi Giuseppe , Mattei Giorgia 
Published: July 2024

Cet article s’appuie sur les théories de l’adéquation personne-organisation et du comportement du leadership pour étudier la manière dont le leadership positif est lié aux pratiques de communication, aux pratiques de travail collaboratif et aux pratiques de gestion des performances, ainsi que la manière dont ces trois pratiques sont, quant à elles, liées à la satisfaction professionnelle des fonctionnaires. Nous allons vérifier empiriquement un modèle examinant les effets directs et indirects du leadership positif sur la satisfaction professionnelle du personnel à l’aide des réponses à une enquête menée auprès du personnel de la Cour des comptes européenne (CCE). Les résultats montrent que la communication et les pratiques de travail collaboratif jouent un rôle médiateur dans la relation entre le leadership positif et la satisfaction au travail. Le leadership positif est positivement lié aux pratiques de gestion des performances, mais ces pratiques ne présentent pas de lien significatif avec la satisfaction au travail. Tout en comblant un vide théorique dans ce domaine, cette étude apporte également une contribution empirique en dévoilant la manière dont une institution d’audit public européenne professionnelle gère ses ressources humaines et les moyens qu’elle utilise. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens L’analyse de la relation entre le comportement des dirigeants et l’adéquation personne-organisation dans le contexte d’une entité publique supranationale permet d’expliquer ce qui motive les fonctionnaires. La relation entre le leadership positif et la satisfaction professionnelle des fonctionnaires est le résultat de deux pratiques organisationnelles : la communication et les pratiques de travail collaboratif. Les pratiques transparentes de gestion des performances n’ont pas d’effet médiateur sur la relation entre le leadership positif et la satisfaction au travail. Les organisations du secteur public qui emploient des professionnels peuvent axer leur gestion des ressources humaines sur une communication efficace et des pratiques de travail collaboratives afin de garantir une plus grande satisfaction du personnel sur le lieu de travail.
Salmonid Double-stranded RNA–Dependent Protein Kinase Activates Apoptosis and Inhibits Protein Synthesis
Authors: Chaumont Lise , Peruzzi Mathilde , Huetz François , Raffy Claudine , Le Hir Jérôme , Minke Jules , Boudinot Pierre , Collet Bertrand 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) is a key factor of innate immunity. It is involved in translation inhibition, apoptosis, and enhancement of the proinflammatory and IFN responses. However, how these antiviral functions are conserved during evolution remains largely unknown. Overexpression and knockout studies in a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cell line were conducted to assess the role of salmonid PKR in the antiviral response. Three distinct mRNA isoforms from a unique pkr gene, named pkr-fl (full length), pkr-ml (medium length) and pkr-sl (short length), were cloned and a pkr−/− clonal fish cell line was developed using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. PKR-FL includes an N-terminal dsRNA-binding domain and a C-terminal kinase domain, whereas PKR-ML and PKR-SL display a truncated or absent kinase domain, respectively. PKR-FL is induced during IFNA2 stimulation but not during viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. Overexpression experiments showed that only PKR-FL possesses antiviral functions, including activation of apoptosis and inhibition of de novo protein synthesis. Knockout experiments confirmed that PKR is involved in apoptosis activation during the late stage of VHSV infection. Endogenous PKR also plays a critical role in translation inhibition upon poly(I:C) transfection after IFNA2 treatment. It is, however, not involved in translational arrest during VHSV infection. Extra- and intracellular titrations showed that endogenous PKR does not directly inhibit viral replication but apparently favors virion release into the supernatant, likely by triggering late apoptosis. Altogether, our data confirm that salmonid PKR has conserved molecular functions that VHSV appears to bypass with subversion strategies.
Myxedema with Severe Heart Failure—A Life-Threatening and Challenging Case to Treat: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Elmi Yusuf , Abdelgadir Hussam , Almezeiny Tawfiq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Myxedema coma is a severe life-threatening form of hypothyroidism, diagnosed by laboratory tests because of the lack of specificity in its symptoms and clinical presentation. Here, we present the case of a woman with myxedema coma who developed respiratory failure, congestive heart failure, and massive ascites, three of the uncommon manifestations of this disease. The patient was in respiratory distress upon arrival to the emergency department. Physical examination was notable for crepitation all over the chest and abdominal fluid wave, which was suggestive of ascites. The patient was managed as acute decompensated heart failure and was started on noninvasive ventilation; however, she unexpectedly started to deteriorate, and rapid sequence induction and intubation was conducted. She was then admitted to the intensive care unit. Hypothyroidism replacement therapy, aggressive diuretic regimen, and albumin replacement was initiated. The patient showed marked improvement and was weaned off sedation and extubated and was then maintained by low oxygen requirement. She was discharged from the hospital and was started on 40-mg furosemide, 25-mg spironolactone, 600-mg potassium, and 125-μg levothyroxine. On her follow-up visit, the patient showed improvement in weight that had returned to the baseline; all her symptoms were resolved. All medications were discontinued except for 100-μg levothyroxine once daily. This case report discusses an unusual presentation of myxedema coma, with heart failure and ascites concomitantly. Therefore, it is important to have a differential diagnosis for illnesses with uncertain etiology with common presentation such as acute decompensated heart failure and ascites, especially in high-risk individuals.
Auditory and language features in children with 18q deletion: Our experience and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Caragli Valeria , Aldè Mirko , De Siati Romolo Daniele , Ambrosetti Umberto , Genovese Elisabetta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
18q deletion is a rare genetic condition that occurs approximately 1 in 40,000 live births. The aim of this study is to describe four cases of 18q deletion, analyzing their auditory and language skills. A secondary aim is to compare our findings with those reported in the literature in order to propose a standardized assessment protocol and guidelines for auditory treatment and rehabilitation. All children underwent a detailed audiological evaluation including otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry, and auditory brainstem responses. We also administered language and speech tests according to the children’s age and skills. Comorbidities and disease severity varied depending on the genetic mutation. Data from the literature review are consistent with our findings. Therefore, the type of auditory rehabilitation changed among patients. Despite the heterogeneity of phenotypes and severity, hearing loss and stenotic external auditory canals were detected in all our patients with 18q deletion. Accurate diagnosis and follow-up are mandatory to improve auditory and language skills and quality of life. Due to the complexity of the cases, no standardized assessment protocols or treatment can be routinely proposed.
Four facets of Antonio Maria Valsalva: A man’s life in a work of art
Authors: Caragli Valeria , Cunsolo Elio , Riddington Young John , Mudry Albert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Antonio Maria Valsalva was a renowned anatomist, physiologist, and surgeon who made significant contributions to the field of science, particularly in otology. A monument dedicated to him is located on the wall of the Archiginnasio Palace in Bologna, indicating the high regard in which he was held by his peers. The aim of this study is to analyze the monument, revealing the hidden messages about the scientist. In our analysis of the monument dedicated to Valsalva, we also conducted research on Valsalva’s life and contributions to the field of science, with a focus on otology. Our study revealed that the fresco paints a comprehensive picture of Valsalva and his achievements as one of the leading figures in the history of medicine and otology. This is particularly conveyed by the four putti surrounding the fresco, which symbolize various aspects of Valsalva’s extraordinary career and impact on the field of science. The monument dedicated to Antonio Maria Valsalva serves as a lasting tribute to his legacy and contributions to the field of Science.
Technology osmosis in augmentative and alternative communication: Opportunity, trend, and upshot
Authors: Nanjundaswamy Manohar , Halse Sharanappa V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Technology has made a revolution in the realm of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) possible. This paper presents fresh concepts and solid duties for creating a locally produced assistive technology. The study will also reverse and combine the fundamental specifications for AAC for people with communication problems. The study aimed to examine parents’ perceptions of AAC devices and how cutting-edge technology can meet their needs. Several significant issues are covered in this article, including (a) the difficulties associated with product repair, maintenance, and servicing; (b) familiarizing and educating stakeholders about the AAC devices; (c) product customization; (d) the integration of AAC into traditional educational systems; and (e) future research directions.
Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Venous Thromboembolism: A Narrative Review of the Current Evidence
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This narrative review aims to synthesize existing research on the impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviors on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It also delves into the biological mechanisms through which these lifestyle factors might influence VTE risk, assesses the clinical and public health implications of these findings, and highlights gaps in the current research landscape. Furthermore, it evaluates the causal relevance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors to VTE using Mendelian randomization studies. We conducted a literature search for interventional, observational cohort and genetic studies from MEDLINE and Embase up to April 2024. High physical activity levels are associated with a reduced risk of first-time VTE, independent of factors such as body mass index, age, sex, or geographical location. Nonetheless, the exact nature of the dose–response relationship between physical activity levels and VTE risk remains unclear, particularly regarding the optimal intensity, frequency, and duration needed for VTE prevention. Unlike its effects on initial VTE risk, physical activity does not appear to influence the risk of recurrent VTE. Conversely, sedentary behaviors such as prolonged television viewing and long-distance travel (e.g., long-haul flights) are linked to an increased risk of VTE, a risk that persists despite adherence to physical activity guidelines. The causality of these associations is supported by evidence suggesting biological pathways such as alterations in blood flow and coagulation, inflammation, endothelial and platelet function, and the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should aim to delineate the dose–response curves for the relationships, explore the use of objective measures to more accurately assess both physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and clarify their causal roles in VTE risk, potentially guiding targeted prevention strategies.
Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: An experience from urban West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Sunetra K. , Majumdar Sukanta , Singh Rashmi , Paul Avijit 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that affects new mothers within the first year after childbirth. PPD can negatively impact both the mother’s quality of life and the child’s development. Untreated PPD can lead to adverse outcomes, such as infant growth retardation, poor child survival, impaired development, and undernutrition. The burden of PPD is a significant public health concern, with a global prevalence increase of 18.4% from 2005 to 2015. Early detection and intervention of PPD can mitigate the severity and chronicity of symptoms.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD among mothers in an urban area of Kolkata and identify any influencing factors.

Materials and Methods:
The study utilized a cross-sectional design, surveying 189 mothers within the postpartum period of 6 weeks to 1 year. Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale was used to identify possible PPD.

Results:
About 29% of the women had probable PPD, 19% had possible depression, and 15% had no depression. Factors associated with depression included low birth weight and primiparity, while financial independence served as a protective factor. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that low-birth-weight babies, marital conflict, lack of support at home, and primiparity had higher odds of depression, whereas financial independence was a protective factor. Age was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
A high prevalence of PPD and significant associations with factors emphasized the importance of screening all mothers for PPD, providing medical care and counselling, and ensuring acceptance and support from partners, family, and society.
The relationship between the duration of diabetes and dimensions of general health and quality of life associated with the health of diabetic patients
Authors: Nickzad Sepehr , Foroutan Majid , Hedayati Amir Hossain , Pourmohseni Mohammad Reza , Asl Nemat Sotodeh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Diabetes has a major impact on the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study is the relationship between the duration of diabetes and dimensions of general health and quality of life associated with the health of diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional-analytical study, diabetic patients with more than 1-year history who were not suffering from other chronic diseases were included in the study. Then, using 15 questions for diabetes quality of life, questionnaires and GHQ28 general health were investigated in terms of quality of life and general health. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 software.

Results:
The average age was equal to 42.8 ± 14.4 years (with a median of 40 years). The average duration of the disease in the patients was equal to 7.7 ± 7.2 years (with a median of 5 years). The average quality of life score of the patients was equal to 50.3 ± 7.8 (out of 75). A negative and significant correlation between age and quality of life of patients was observed (P < 0.001). The duration of the disease had a direct and significant relationship with the general health score. But a significant difference between the quality of life of married and single people was not observed (P = 0.613). A direct and significant relationship between duration of disease, age with physical symptoms (P < 0.001), anxiety and insomnia (P = 0.001), social activity failure (P = 0.013), and depression (P = 0.001) was observed and was also observed with the overall score of general health (P < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusion:
The duration of diabetes disease affects the quality of life and general health of diabetic patients, and discomfort, depression, and anxiety are the main problems that affect the quality of life of diabetic patients.
Prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among adult population in primary care centers in Bahrain – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaweer Abeer A. , Tareq Darraj Muneera , Mahmood Janahi Shaikha , Yusuf Aljowder Fatema , Salem Almoammari Nasra , Isa Alkhater Nayla , Aldoseri Alhanoof Bader , Alshaikh Abeer Abdullatif , Ali Aysha Khalid , Khaliqi Faezah Ahmed , Mohsen Amal Ali , Almarabheh Amer , Husni Mariwan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The global increasing prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorders and symptoms among various age groups and nationalities is considered a great clinical challenge. However, limited data are available on this topic in the Middle East and Gulf Council Countries. This study aimed to raise awareness of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among adults in Bahrain by determining its prevalence and risk factors among patients attending primary healthcare centers

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients attending primary healthcare centers in Bahrain. A self-administered online questionnaire using Google form, a free online survey-creating website, was distributed through WhatsApp messages. A snowball sampling technique was used. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: the socio-demographic data of participants, the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted.

Results:
A total of 614 participants were included with a mean age of 30.04 ± 13.04 years. Most participants were females (82.5%) and single (n = 347, 56.5%). The estimated prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms among the participants was 15%; most of them reported mild symptoms (85%). Significantly higher obsession and compulsion symptoms were found among non-Bahraini (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002), single (P < 0.001 and P < 0.033), and student participants (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002) compared to their counterparts, respectively. In addition, undergraduates reported higher obsessions compared to other participants (P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Approximately, one in every eight people in Bahrain were found to suffer from obsessive-compulsive symptoms, especially single, students, and non-Bahraini participants. These findings highlight the need for raising awareness of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its symptoms as well as the importance of early detection and management of obsessive-compulsive disorder.