bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of postoperative complications in healthy dogs undergoing open and closed orchidectomy
Authors: Hamilton K. H. , Henderson E. R. , Toscano M. , Chanoit G. P. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVETo compare closed and open orchidectomy in dogs and the associated complications.METHODSA randomised controlled blinded prospective clinical study of 73 cases was undertaken involving the recording of all complications during and in the 10 days following orchidectomy of dogs fulfilling the standardised inclusion criteria. The active variable was the surgical technique of either open or closed orchidectomy.RESULTSDogs undergoing open orchidectomy experienced significantly more complication events than the dogs undergoing closed orchidectomy [24 of 34 (70%)versus18 of 39 (46%), P = 0 · 04]. Dogs undergoing open orchidectomy were statistically more likely to develop scrotal complications (21 of 34, 61%) compared with dogs undergoing closed orchidectomy (13 of 39, 33%; P = 0 · 02).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEOpen orchidectomy is associated with a higher overall complication rate in the first 10 days after surgery than closed orchidectomy. Open orchidectomy is also associated with increased scrotal complications including swelling, bruising and pain compared with closed orchidectomy.
People with Gender Dysphoria Who Self-Prescribe Cross-Sex Hormones: Prevalence, Sources, and Side Effects Knowledge
Authors: Mepham Nick , Bouman Walter P. , Arcelus Jon , Hayter Mark , Wylie Kevan R. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Introduction
There is a scarcity of research into the use of non-physician-sourced cross-sex hormones in the transgender population. However, when medication is not prescribed by health professionals, users' knowledge of such medication may be adversely affected.

Aims
This study aims to define the prevalence of Internet-sourced sex hormone use in a population attending for initial assessment at a gender identity clinic, to compare the prevalence between gender-dysphoric men and women, and to compare knowledge of cross-sex hormone side effects between users who source cross-sex hormones from medical doctors and those who source them elsewhere.

Methods
In the first part of the study, a cross-sectional design is used to measure the overall prevalence of sex hormone use among individuals referred to a gender clinic. The second part is a questionnaire survey aiming at measuring sex hormone knowledge among individuals referred to this clinic.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures were (i) categorical data on the prevalence and source of cross-sex hormone use and (ii) knowledge of sex hormone side effects in a population referred to a gender clinic.

Results
Cross-sex hormone use was present in 23% of gender clinic referrals, of whom 70% sourced the hormones via the Internet. Trans men using testosterone had a sex hormone usage prevalence of 6%; one-third of users sourced it from the Internet. Trans women had a sex hormone usage prevalence of 32%; approximately 70% of users sourced hormones from the Internet. Cross-sex hormone users who sourced their hormones from physicians were more aware of side effects than those who used other sources to access hormones.

Conclusion
One in four trans women self-prescribe cross-sex hormones before attending gender clinics, most commonly via the Internet. This practice is currently rare among trans men. Self-prescribing without medical advice leaves individuals without the knowledge required to minimize health risks.
Daily mood and sleep: reciprocal relations and links with adjustment problems
Authors: Kouros Chrystyna D. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: September 2014

SummaryChildren's sleep problems are common and associated with increased risk for adjustment problems. We examined daily links between children's sleep and mood, using a daily diary method and actigraphy. We also tested children's daily mood as a mediator of relations among sleep and children's broader internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A community sample of 142 children (mean age = 10.69 years; 57% girls; 69% European American, 31% African American) and their parents participated. For 1 week, children wore actigraphs and parents completed a daily telephone interview about their child's mood. Following the week of actigraphy, mothers and fathers reported on their child's adjustment. Multi‐level models indicated within‐person relations between children's mood and subsequent sleep fragmentation (indicated by increased activity) and sleep latency, and between‐person relations between sleep latency and subsequent mood on the next day. Significant indirect effects were found such that a more negative daily mood (aggregated across diary days) mediated relations between poor sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency and parent‐reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Findings extend previous research by highlighting disruptions to children's daily mood as a potential mechanism linking sleep problems to children's mental health.
A Historical Institutionalist Understanding of Participatory Governance and Aboriginal Peoples: The Case of Policy Change in Ontario's Mining Sector*
Authors: Grant J. Andrew , Panagos Dimitrios , Hughes Michael , Mitchell Matthew I. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveNatural resource policy has been a constant source of conflict between “Aboriginal” and “non‐Aboriginal” stakeholders in Canada. We employ a historical institutionalist analysis to examine the extent to which changes to the Canadian Constitution in 1982 and Ontario's Mining Act in 2009 enabled Aboriginal communities to become equal partners in participatory governance arrangements in mineral resource sectors.MethodsWe analyze primary sources consisting of federal and provincial legislation and in‐person interviews conducted across Ontario in 2010.ResultsThe existing Canadian mining policy paradigm, while under significant pressure, has not yet been displaced by a new policy paradigm that would better accommodate the interests of Aboriginal stakeholders. Consequently, Aboriginal peoples’ mineral resource claims are likely to remain unresolved.ConclusionWe suggest how a policy paradigm that both improves Aboriginal‐state relations and reduces uncertainty in the mining sector offers a promising political foundation for participatory governance and cooperative engagement between stakeholders.
Predicting clinical outcome in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma: tumour initiating cells, telomeres and telomerase
Authors: Yoshikawa H. , Maranon D. G. , Battaglia C. L. R. , Ehrhart E. J. , Charles J. B. , Bailey S. M. , LaRue S. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFeline oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has very poor prognosis. Here, a retrospective pilot study was conducted on 20 feline oral SCC patients who underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT), to evaluate: (1) the value of putative tumour initiating cell (TIC) markers of human head and neck SCC (CD44, Bmi‐1); (2) telomere length (TL) specifically in putative TICs; and (3) tumour relative telomerase activity (TA). Significant inverse correlations were found between treatment outcomes and Bmi‐1 expression, supporting the predictive value of Bmi‐1 as a negative prognostic indicator. While TL exhibited a wide range of variability, particularly in very short fractions, many tumours possessed high levels of TA, which correlated with high levels of Bmi‐1, Ki67 and EGFR. Taken together, our results imply that Bmi‐1 and telomerase may represent novel therapeutic targets in feline oral SCC, as their inhibition – in combination with SRT – would be expected to have beneficial treatment outcome.
The Presence of Borrelia miyamotoi, A Relapsing Fever Spirochaete, in Questing Ixodes ricinus in Belgium and in The Netherlands
Authors: Cochez C. , Heyman P. , Heylen D. , Fonville M. , Hengeveld P. , Takken W. , Simons L. , Sprong H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBorrelia miyamotoi is a tick‐borne bacterium that may cause relapsing fever in humans. As this pathogen has been discovered in Europe only recently, only little is known about its local impact on human health and its spatial distribution. In this study, we show the results of PCR screenings for B. miyamotoi in flagged Ixodes ricinus from Belgium and the Netherlands. B. miyamotoi was detected in nine of thirteen, and three of five locations from the Netherlands and Belgium, respectively. These outcomes indicate that B. miyamotoi is more spread than previously thought. The mean infection rate B. miyamotoi was 1.14% for Belgium and 3.84% for the Netherlands.
Single unit hyperactivity and bursting in the auditory thalamus of awake rats directly correlates with behavioural evidence of tinnitus
Authors: Kalappa Bopanna I. , Brozoski Thomas J. , Turner Jeremy G. , Caspary Donald M. 
Published: September 2014

Key points
Medial geniculate body (MGB) single units recorded from sound‐exposed animals with behavioural evidence of tinnitus exhibits enhanced spontaneous firing and burst properties.
MGB units in tinnitus animals exhibit increased rate‐level function slope when driven by broadband noise and tones at the unit's characteristic frequency.
Elevated patterns of neuronal activity and altered bursting showed a significant positive correlation with animals’ tinnitus scores.
Tinnitus is an auditory percept without an environmental acoustic correlate. Contemporary tinnitus models hypothesize tinnitus to be a consequence of maladaptive plasticity‐induced disturbance of excitation–inhibition homeostasis, possibly convergent on medial geniculate body (MGB, auditory thalamus) and related neuronal networks. The MGB is an obligate acoustic relay in a unique position to gate auditory signals to higher‐order auditory and limbic centres. Tinnitus‐related maladaptive plastic changes of MGB‐related neuronal networks may affect the gating function of MGB and enhance gain in central auditory and non‐auditory neuronal networks, resulting in tinnitus. The present study examined the discharge properties of MGB neurons in the sound‐exposure gap inhibition animal model of tinnitus. MGB single unit responses were obtained from awake unexposed controls and sound‐exposed adult rats with behavioural evidence of tinnitus. MGB units in animals with tinnitus exhibited enhanced spontaneous firing, altered burst properties and increased rate‐level function slope when driven by broadband noise and tones at the unit's characteristic frequency. Elevated patterns of neuronal activity and altered bursting showed a significant positive correlation with animals’ tinnitus scores. Altered activity of MGB neurons revealed additional features of auditory system plasticity associated with tinnitus, which may provide a testable assay for future therapeutic and diagnostic development.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Escherichia coli O157:H7 Phages Effective in Limiting Contamination of Food Products
Authors: Hong Yingying , Pan Yanying , Harman Nicholas J. , Ebner Paul D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We previously demonstrated that application of bacteriophages significantly reduced
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 contamination in spinach and ground beef. Here, we present the genomic sequences of two bacteriophages, vB_EcoS_FFH_1, a T5-like phage, and vB_EcoM_FFH_2, an rV5-like phage, used in those treatments.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain A2, an Isolate with High Antioxidative Activity from Arctic Seawater
Authors: Lin Xuezheng , Wang Zhen , Li Yang 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
strain A2, isolated from Arctic seawater in the pack-ice zone, which has high antioxidative activity against H
2
O
2
. The genomics information of this strain will facilitate the study of antioxidative mechanisms, cold adaptation properties, and evolution of this genus.
De NovoWhole-Genome Sequence and Genome Annotation of Lichtheimia ramosa
Authors: Linde Jörg , Schwartze Volker , Binder Ulrike , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Voigt Kerstin , Horn Fabian 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the annotated draft genome sequence ofLichtheimia ramosa(JMRC FSU:6197). It has been reported to be a causative organism of mucormycosis, a rare but rapidly progressive infection in immunocompromised humans. The functionally annotated genomic sequence consists of 74 scaffolds with a total number of 11,510 genes.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Streptomycin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolate VRFCWCF MRTB 180 Reveals Novel and Potential Mutations for Resistance
Authors: Ramasubban Gayathri , Lakshmipathy Dhanurekha , Vetrivel Umashankar , Kulandai Lily Therese , Madhavan Hajib Narahari , Sridhar R. , Meenakshi N. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We announce the draft genome sequence of a streptomycin monoresistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain (VRFCWCF MRTB 180) isolated from sputum of a clinically suspected tuberculosis patient.
Urinary Prostaglandin E2 Metabolite and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Cui Yong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Gao Yu-Tang , Cai Qiuyin , Ji Bu-Tian , Li Hong-Lan , Rothman Nathaniel , Wu Jie , Yang Gong , Xiang Yong-Bing , Zheng Wei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: Levels of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) enzyme are elevated in breast cancer tissue, and most COX2 effects are believed to be mediated through overproduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). We evaluated associations between the primary urinary metabolite of PGE2 (PGE-M) and breast cancer risk.
Methods: A nested case–control study of 504 cases and 1,082 controls was conducted using data from the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a large population-based prospective cohort study of 74,941 Chinese women. Urinary PGE-M was measured using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results: Overall, no association between urinary PGE-M and breast cancer was detected. However, a suggestive positive association was found among postmenopausal women. In particular, a clear dose–response relationship between urinary PGE-M and breast cancer was observed among postmenopausal women with a body mass index (BMI) &lt; 25 kg/m2 (Plinear trend = 0.005). Among these women, risk of breast cancer increased from 1.00 (reference) to 1.06 (95% CI, 0.56–1.99), 1.50 (95% CI, 0.79–2.83), and 2.32 (95% CI, 1.24–4.41) for the lowest to highest quartiles of PGE-M, and such associations were stronger among those who were diagnosed with cancer within the first four years of sample collection. No apparent association was observed among overweight postmenopausal women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).
Conclusion: High urinary PGE-M level was associated with elevated risk of breast cancer among normal weight, postmenopausal women.
Impact: Urinary PGE-M level may be useful for breast cancer risk assessment among normal weight, postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2866–73. ©2014 AACR.
A HGF/cMET Autocrine Loop Is Operative in Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells and May Represent a Novel Therapeutic Target
Authors: Ferrucci Arianna , Moschetta Michele , Frassanito Maria Antonia , Berardi Simona , Catacchio Ivana , Ria Roberto , Racanelli Vito , Caivano Antonella , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Vergara Daniele , Maffia Michele , Latorre Dominga , Rizzello Antonia , Zito Alfredo , Ditonno Paolo , Maiorano Eugenio , Ribatti Domenico , Vacca Angelo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the angiogenic role of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMET pathway and its inhibition in bone marrow endothelial cells (EC) from patients with multiple myeloma versus from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or benign anemia (control group).
Experimental Design: The HGF/cMET pathway was evaluated in ECs from patients with multiple myeloma (multiple myeloma ECs) at diagnosis, at relapse after bortezomib- or lenalidomide-based therapies, or on refractory phase to these drugs; in ECs from patients with MGUS (MGECs); and in those patients from the control group. The effects of a selective cMET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU11274) on multiple myeloma ECs' angiogenic activities were studied in vitro and in vivo.
Results: Multiple myeloma ECs express more HGF, cMET, and activated cMET (phospho (p)-cMET) at both RNA and protein levels versus MGECs and control ECs. Multiple myeloma ECs are able to maintain the HGF/cMET pathway activation in absence of external stimulation, whereas treatment with anti-HGF and anti-cMET neutralizing antibodies (Ab) is able to inhibit cMET activation. The cMET pathway regulates several multiple myeloma EC activities, including chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, spreading, and whole angiogenesis. Its inhibition by SU11274 impairs these activities in a statistically significant fashion when combined with bortezomib or lenalidomide, both in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions: An autocrine HGF/cMET loop sustains multiple myeloma angiogenesis and represents an appealing new target to potentiate the antiangiogenic management of patients with multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5796–807. ©2014 AACR.
Wnt5a-Induced Wnt1-Inducible Secreted Protein-1 Suppresses Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Mill Carina , Monk Bethan Alice , Williams Helen , Simmonds Steven John , Jeremy Jamie Yancey , Johnson Jason Lee , George Sarah Jane 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to thinning and rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap and is thereby associated with myocardial infarction. Wnt protein activation of β-catenin regulates numerous genes that are associated with cell survival. We therefore investigated Wnt/β-catenin survival signaling in VSMCs and assessed the presence of this pathway in human atherosclerotic plaques at various stages of the disease process.

Approach and Results—

Wnt5a induced β-catenin/T-cell factor signaling and retarded oxidative stress (H
2
O
2
)–induced apoptosis in mouse aortic VSMCs. Quantification of mRNA levels revealed a >4-fold (
P
<0.05; n=9) increase in the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin responsive gene, Wnt1-inducible secreted protein-1 (WISP-1), which was dependent on cAMP response element–binding protein and sustained in the presence of H
2
O
2
. Exogenous WISP-1 significantly reduced H
2
O
2
–induced apoptosis by 43% (
P
<0.05; n=3) and was shown using silencing small interfering RNA, to be important for Wnt5a-dependent survival responses to H
2
O
2
(
P
<0.05; n=3). WISP-1 protein levels were significantly lower (≈50%) in unstable atherosclerosis compared with stable plaques (n=11 and n=14).

Conclusions—
These results indicate for the first time that Wnt5a induces β-catenin survival signaling in VSMCs via WISP-1. The deficiency of the novel survival factor, WISP-1 in intimal VSMCs of unstable coronary plaques, suggests that there is altered Wnt/β-catenin/ T-cell factor signaling with progressive atherosclerosis, and restoration of WISP-1 protein might be an effective stabilization factor for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
The Effects of Diet on Occlusive Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction in Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type 1/Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Double Knockout Mice
Authors: Fuller Mark , Dadoo Omid , Serkis Viktoria , Abutouk Dina , MacDonald Melissa , Dhingani Neel , Macri Joseph , Igdoura Suleiman A. , Trigatti Bernardo L. 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
Deficiency of the high-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), in apolipoprotein E knockout or hypomorphic mice, respectively, results in spontaneous or diet-inducible occlusive coronary artery (CA) atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and early death. Here, we examine effects of SR-BI deficiency on cardiovascular phenotypes in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout mice fed different atherogenic diets.

Approach and Results—

SR-BI/LDLR double knockout and control LDLR knockout mice were fed atherogenic diets containing different amounts of fat, cholesterol, and sodium cholate. Double knockout mice fed atherogenic diets high in cholesterol exhibited significantly reduced survival compared with LDLR knockout mice fed the same diets. In addition to increased diet-accelerated aortic sinus atherosclerosis, we observed significant diet-induced CA atherosclerosis in double knockout mice and diet-dependent accumulation of platelets in CA atherosclerotic plaques. This was accompanied by substantial myocardial fibrosis in double knockout mice fed high cholesterol diets. Atherogenic diet fed double knockout mice also exhibited higher circulating cytokine levels, monocytosis with increased proportions of Ly6C
hi
and Ly6C
int
monocytes, and higher adhesion molecule expression in CA endothelial cells compared with control LDLR knockout mice.

Conclusions—

Diet-accelerated atherosclerosis and occlusive, platelet-rich CA disease in SR-BI/LDLR double knockout mice is affected by amounts of cholesterol and cholate in atherogenic diets and is accompanied by increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in CAs and increased Ly6C
hi
and Ly6C
int
monocytes in circulation. The increased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in CA endothelial cells in SR-BI–deficient mice likely explains their increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis in CAs.
Immediate Changes in Stroke Lesion Volumes Post Thrombolysis Predict Clinical Outcome
Authors: Luby Marie , Warach Steven J. , Nadareishvili Zurab , Merino José G. 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
We hypothesize that reversal in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) volume at 24 hours predicts favorable clinical outcome only if accompanied by immediate reperfusion. Our aim was to quantify the immediate DWI and mean transit time changes at 2 and 24 hours after intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator to evaluate the effect of reperfusion and DWI change on outcome.

Methods—
Patients were selected from the Lesion Evolution in Stroke and Ischemia On Neuroimaging Project if they had an acute MRI with evaluable DWI and perfusion-weighted imaging, were treated with standard intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, had post-thrombolysis MRI with evaluable DWI and perfusion-weighted imaging at 2 and 24 hours and had follow-up fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI at discharge through 90 days. A reader measured the DWI, mean transit time, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery volumes using a validated technique. A vascular neurologist scored the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admit, 2, and 24 hours and the modified Rankin Scale at discharge, 5, 30, and 90 days. Favorable clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale of 0 or 1.

Results—

Seventy-one patients met the study criteria with mean (±SD) age of 71.6 (±16.4) years, 58% women, median admit National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 9 (interquartile range, 4–18), median onset to triage 45 minutes (30–65), and median first MRI to intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator 47 minutes (39–59). In binary multiple logistic regression analysis, younger age (odds ratio, 1.165;
P
=0.014; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.031–1.316), lower admit National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (odds ratio, 1.221;
P
=0.012; 95% confidence interval, 1.045–1.427), decrease in mean transit time volume at 2 hours (odds ratio, 1.021;
P
=0.031; 95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.040), and decrease in DWI volume at 24 hours (odds ratio, 1.173;
P
=0.027; 95% confidence interval, 1.018–1.351) were significant predictors of favorable clinical outcome.

Conclusions—
Reversal of the DWI volume at 24 hours because of immediate reperfusion in patients post thrombolysis is predictive of favorable clinical outcome.