bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex magnetic study: evidence of spin-glass transition below long-range magnetic ordering and its correlation with renormalization of phonon modes
Authors: Mohanty Sipun , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we report a complex magnetic behavior arising due to the interplay of three active magnetic cations (Nd/Sm, Co and Ir), forming 3d-5d-4f magnetic sublattices. The B-site ordered double perovskites Nd2CoIrO6 and Sm2CoIrO6 were successfully prepared by conventional solid-state method. Detailed structural analysis revealed that both samples crystallized in monoclinic structure with P21/n (No.-14) space group. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of multiple oxidation states of Ir (i.e. Ir4+ and Ir5+). Both samples show a paramagnetic-ferrimagnetic (TFiM) transition around 100 K, additionally, a low temperature transition is observed at around 10 K in the SCIO sample. This FM-like behavior of the samples is attributed to the antiparallel alignment of the Co2+ and Ir4+ spins, resulting in FiM ordering. The ac susceptibility analysis confirms a spin glass type transition just below the long-range ordering temperature in NCIO sample, The obtained characteristic flipping time of a single spin from both the law (Power law and Vogel–Fulcher law) and nonzero Vogel–Fulcher temperature (

T
0

≃ 89.1 K) further verified the existence of cluster spin-glass behavior below the ordering temperature. The temperature evolution of phonon modes (up to 4 K) suggests that the phonon mode above the magnetic ordering temperature is mainly governed by the lattice degrees of freedom; notable renormalization of the mode frequency below the ordering temperature is due to the coupling of lattice with the underlying magnetic degrees of freedom.
High sensitivity optical fiber accelerometer based on symmetric hinge structure with dual mass blocks
Authors: Li Huidong , Zhang Xuan , Gao Hong , Zhou Rui , Qiao Xueguang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A symmetrical multi-level flexible hinge and dual mass block structure fiber Bragg grating accelerometer has been designed, which has the characteristics of small amplitude and high sensitivity. According to the working principle of the two-degree-of-freedom vibration system, there are vibration nodes in the double mass block during the vibration process, and the vibration nodes can reduce the amplitude of the system and protect the optical fiber; and the multi-stage flexible hinge can reduce the structural rigidity and improve the sensitivity of the accelerometer. The experimental results show that the vibration signal is in the range of 5–90 Hz, the acceleration is in the range of 0.1–1 G, the sensitivity of the accelerometer is 878.4 pm/G, and the linear fit R
2 = 0.991. Moreover, the mechanical structure of the accelerometer is integrally machined with high mechanical strength to ensure stable operation of the accelerometer. The designed accelerometer can be used for monitoring low-frequency vibrations in fields such as seismic wave exploration and oil and gas field development.
Estimation of lithium battery state of charge using the LTG-SABO-GRU model
Authors: Xiao Yanjun , Song Weihan , Liu Weiling , Wan Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) in lithium batteries is crucial for optimizing energy utilization and ensuring battery safety within battery management systems (BMSs). While deep learning techniques have made significant progress, time-series models based on the gate recurrent unit (GRU) have gained widespread application in SOC estimation. However, their performance heavily hinges on the initial hyperparameter settings, impacting both precision and application range. To address this challenge, we propose a novel algorithm—the logistic-tent-gold subtraction average-based optimizer (LTG-SABO)—which combines composite chaotic mapping with the golden sine algorithm. The LTG-SABO algorithm aims to optimize key hyperparameters of the GRU model, thereby enhancing precision and robustness in SOC estimation. By leveraging the Logistic-tent composite chaotic mapping for population initialization, our approach not only expands the search space but also effectively prevents algorithm convergence to local optima. Additionally, integrating the Gold-SA strategy further enhances the global search capability of the SABO algorithm, significantly reducing convergence time. The computational results reveal that the proposed LTG-SABO-GRU model outperforms the traditional GRU model in estimating SOC precision under both normal and extreme temperature conditions. Specifically, the root mean square error and mean absolute error show a substantial improvement, increasing by over 50% compared to the traditional model. Moreover, the LTG-SABO-GRU model exhibits significantly fewer convergence iterations than existing typical population optimization algorithms. This study introduces a novel, efficient, and practical approach for SOC estimation in BMS applications.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on adaptive attention network and federated learning
Authors: Zheng Bowen , Wu Dinghui , Fan Junyan , Du Kangning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For rolling bearings in actual industrial scenarios, the problem of low diagnostic accuracy is caused by the large difference in data distribution under different working conditions and the complexity of working conditions with a lot of redundant information, in this paper, a combination of the federated adaptive attention network based fault diagnostic model is proposed. Firstly, the fault information is randomly divided into multiple sequences, by utilizing dual convolutional layers and adaptive attention mechanism to process abundant vibration data, it enables accurate identification of fault information distribution in the original signal while removing superfluous information and fusing characteristics to improve diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, a federated learning model incorporating attention mechanism is proposed. It performs asynchronous updates based on local data distribution, improving the efficiency and accuracy of data analysis uploads, and enhancing the model’s generalization capability. Simulation experiments have been carried out using the datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Jiangnan University, and after comparative analysis, the proposed method has better performance and generalization ability.
Sponge-shaped Au nanoparticles: a stand-alone metallic photocatalyst for driving the light-induced CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Vahidzadeh Ehsan , Rajashekhar Harshitha , Riddell Saralyn , Alam Kazi M , Vrushabendrakumar Damini , Kumar Navneet , Shankar Karthik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Coinage metal nanoparticles (NPs) enable plasmonic catalysis by generating hot carriers that drive chemical reactions. Making NPs porous enhances the adsorption of reactant molecules. We present a dewetting and dealloying strategy to fabricate porous gold nanoparticles (Au-Sponge) and compare their CO2 photoreduction activity with respect to the conventional gold nanoisland (Au-Island) morphology. Porous gold nanoparticles exhibit an unusually broad and red-shifted plasmon resonance which is in agreement with the results of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations. The key insight of this work is that the multi-step reduction of CO2 driven by short-lived hot carriers generated by the d → s interband transition proceeds extremely quickly as evidenced by the generation of methane. A 3.8-fold enhancement in the photocatalytic performance is observed for the Au-Sponge in comparison to the Au-Island. Electrochemical cyclic voltammetry measurements confirm the 2.5-fold increase in the surface area and roughness factor of the Au-Sponge sample due to its porous nature. Our results indicate that the product yield is limited by the amount of surface adsorbates i.e. reactant-limited. Isotope-labeled mass spectrometry using 13CO2 was used to confirm that the reaction product (13CH4) originated from CO2 photoreduction. We also present the plasmon-mediated photocatalytic transformation of 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) into p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) using Au-Sponge and Au-Island samples.
Inter-subject cerebrovascular variability: a source of uncertainty for dose calculation to circulating blood cells for glioblastoma patients treated with modern radiotherapy techniques
Authors: Hammi Abdelkhalek , Shusharina Nadya , Djuffouo Sonya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose. To assess how inter-subject variations in brain vasculature among glioblastoma (GBM) patients affects the calculated dose received by circulating blood cells (CBC) during radiotherapy and its subsequent impact on CBC depletion. Methods. Ten GBM patients treated with either intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were selected. For each patient, 23 cerebrovascular models were developed based on 23 healthy subject MR-angiography data to simulate intra- and inter-subject blood vessel diversity. Based on the corresponding treatment plan of the patient, the dose to CBC was calculated for all the 230 scenarios. The impact of inter-subject variation on fraction of irradiated blood volume (VD

>0 cGy) and lymphocyte kill rates as a function of the clinical target volume (CTV) size and treatment technique were analyzed. Results. The dose fluctuation to CBC was higher in IMRT plans compared to VMAT plans. The uncertainty in the VD

>0 cGy was 18.3% for IMRT and 2.0% (CI95%) for VMAT and the dispersion of the D
2% index was 6 cGy for IMRT and 1 cGy for VMAT (CI95%) for one single treatment fraction of 200 cGy. The uncertainty in killed CBC due to inter-subject diversity in brain blood vessel increased with increasing CTV size and was σ = 11.2%. Conclusions. VMAT showed greater robustness against inter-subject variation in blood vessels compared to IMRT. We recommend considering the uncertainty in depleting CBC resulting from the use of less patient-specific and generic blood vessel phantoms to improve the radiation-induced lymphopenia assessments.
The core–edge integrated neon-seeded scenario in deuterium–tritium at JET
Authors: Giroud C. , Carvalho I.S. , Brezinsek S. , Huber A. , Keeling D. , Mailloux J. , Pitts R.A. , Lerche E. , Henriques R. , Hillesheim J. , Lawson K. , Marin M. , Pawelec E. , Sos M. , Sun H.J. , Tomes M. , Aleiferis S. , Bleasdale A. , Brix M. , Boboc A. , Bernardo J. , Carvalho P. , Coffey I. , Henderson S. , King D.B. , Rimini F. , Maslov M. , Alessi E. , Craciunescu T. , Fontana M. , Fontdecaba J.M. , Garzotti L. , Ghani Z. , Horvath L. , Jepu I. , Karhunen J. , Kos D. , Litherland-Smith E. , Meigs A. , Menmuir S. , Morales R.B. , Nowak S. , Peluso E. , Pereira T. , Parail V. , Petravich G. , Pucella G. , Puglia P. , Refy D. , Scully S. , Sertoli M. , Silburn S. , Taylor D. , Thomas B. , Tookey A. , Štancar Ž. , Szepesi G. , Viola B. , Widdowson A. , de la Luna E. ,   JET Contributors
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the first experiment carried out in deuterium–tritium addressing the integration of a radiative divertor for heat-load control with good confinement. Neon seeding was carried out for the first time in a D–T plasma as part of the second D–T campaign of JET with its Be/W wall environment. The technical difficulties linked to the re-ionisation heat load are reported in T and D–T. This paper compares the impact of neon seeding on D–T plasmas and their D counterpart on the divertor detachment, localisation of the radiation, scrape-off profiles, pedestal structure, edge localised modes and global confinement.
Simultaneous access to high normalized density, current, pressure, and confinement in strongly-shaped diverted negative triangularity plasmas
Authors: Paz-Soldan C. , Chrystal C. , Lunia P. , Nelson A.O. , Thome K.E. , Austin M.E. , Cote T.B. , Hyatt A.W. , Leuthold N. , Marinoni A. , Osborne T.H. , Pharr M. , Sauter O. , Scotti F. , Wilks T.M. , Wilson H.S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Strongly-shaped diverted negative triangularity (NT) plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak demonstrate simultaneous access to high normalized density, current, pressure, and confinement. NT plasmas are shown to exist across an expansive parameter space compatible with high fusion power production, revealing surprisingly good core stability properties that compare favorably to conventional positive triangularity plasmas in DIII-D. Non-dimensionalizing the key parameters, expanded operating spaces featuring edge safety factors below 3, normalized betas above 3, Greenwald density fractions above 1, and high-confinement mode (H-mode) confinement qualities above 1 are observed, even simultaneously, and all with a robustly stable edge free from deleterious edge-localized mode instabilities. Scaling of the confinement time with engineering parameters reveals at least a linear dependence on plasma current although with significant power degradation, both in excess of expected H-mode scalings. These results increase confidence that NT plasmas are a viable approach to realize fusion power and open directions for future detailed study.
Investigation of the transmission characters of Ince-Gaussian beams in oceanic turbulence
Authors: Li Chenlu , Zhang Minyang , Ruan Pengxiang , Xu Changlan , Hu Youyou , Zhang Mingming , Jing Qingli , Chen Dongxu , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We focus on the transmission characteristics of Ince-Gaussian (IG) beams in oceanic turbulence which is simulated by the random phase screen method. The transmission characteristics of IG beams with different distances and turbulence intensities are also shown in the experiments. The impacts of the temperature and salinity in oceanic turbulence are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the IG beam maintains the intensity distribution well after transmission. In addition, compared with the others’ structured beams, the IG beams show better robustness in oceanic turbulence with different salinity, turbulence intensity and suspended solids. Our work paves the way for leveraging IG beams in underwater optical communication.
Large-ensemble Monte Carlo: a researcher’s guide to better climate trend uncertainties
Authors: Glaser Zachary I , Richardson Mark T , Landerer Felix W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Internal climate variability (ICV) often violates the assumptions of statistical methods, and the climate research community does not have an established approach for addressing resulting biases. Here we argue for a technique we call climate model Large-Ensemble Monte-Carlo (LENS-MC) to inform the selection of statistical methods for real-world application. Until now, scientists have often made best efforts to select methods based on assumptions about the mathematical properties of ICV. LENS-MC relaxes these assumptions and justifies method selection, potentially for a wide range of statistical analyses. We demonstrate LENS-MC using a case study of statistical errors in 20 year trends in global temperature and top-of-atmosphere flux series, comparing results with standard ordinary least squares (OLS). OLS commonly underestimates trend uncertainties, resulting in a higher likelihood of falsely reporting statistically significant trends or changes in trends, for example reporting p < 0.05 in 20 year temperature trends when the statistics are actually equivalent to p < 0.56. LENS-MC tests result in the selection of methods that almost eliminate the low bias in OLS trend standard errors. Using the suggested methods, researchers are less likely to mistakenly report significant trends, and LENS-MC could be widely applied to statistical climate analysis for which model output is available, provided that model ICV displays similar statistical structure, such as in autocorrelation, to observed ICV.
Recent advances in 3D-printable aggregation-induced emission materials
Authors: Zhang Mingtao , Li Yu , Ma Guangmeng , Guo Fawei , Wu Haixin , Wu Han , Jin Qingxin , Luo Xin , Luo Chunyi , Li Jiaqi , Long Yu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials exhibit remarkable emission properties in the aggregated or solid states, offering numerous advantages such as high quantum yield, excellent photostability, and low background signals. These characteristics have led to their widespread application in optoelectronic devices, bio-detection markers, chemical sensing, and stimuli-responsive applications among others. In contrast to traditional manufacturing processes, 3D printing (3DP) enables rapid prototyping and large-scale customization with excellent flexibility in manufacturing techniques and material selection. The combination of AIE materials with 3DP can provide new strategies for fabricating materials and devices with complex structures. Therefore, 3DP is an ideal choice for processing AIE organic luminescent materials. However, 3DP of AIE materials is still in the early stages of development and is facing many challenges including limited printable AIE materials, poor printing functionalities and limited application range. This review aims to summarize the significant achievements in the field of 3DP of AIE materials. Firstly, different types of AIE materials for 3DP are studied, and the factors that affect the printing effect and the luminescence mechanism are discussed. Then, the latest advancements made in various application domains using 3D printed AIE materials are summarized. Finally, the existing challenges of this emerging field are discussed while the future prospects are prospected.
Adverse health effects of declined intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Jiang Yueying , Tang Panpan , Wang Xueqing , Guo Yunyu , Tang Leiwen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Intrinsic capacity refers to a broad range of health traits, including the physiological and psychological changes brought on by aging. Previous research has shown that intrinsic capacity, as an independent emerging construct, is a highly effective predictor of several health outcomes.

Objective
We aimed to summarise the predictive effect of intrinsic capacity at baseline on health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults.

Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Participants
Middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
We systematically searched up to 3 April 2024 in 10 electronic databases. Studies investigating the predictive effect of baseline composite intrinsic capacity and health outcomes were included. Publications that had reported hazard ratios (HRs) or odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect size were considered.

Results
A total of 23 publications were included. The sample size ranged from 100 to 17 031. The results of the meta-analysis showed statistically significant prediction of adverse health outcomes such as disability (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.68–2.03, I2 = 41%, Pheterogeneity=.10), falls (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.19–1.60, I2 = 45%, Pheterogeneity=.11), hospitalisation (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.17–4.3, I2 = 68%, Pheterogeneity=.08), mortality (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.54–1.91, I2 = 32%, Pheterogeneity=.12) and frailty (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.45–1.70, I2 = 2%, Pheterogeneity=.31) by the baseline composite intrinsic capacity.

Conclusions
Declined intrinsic capacity has potential predictive value for adverse health outcomes, further high-quality study is needed to validate these findings and strengthen their cumulative impact. Attention to health outcomes should also focus on both breadth and category precision.
Inter- and intra-observer variation in phytolith morphometry
Authors: Out Welmoed A , Evett Rand , Hošková Kristýna , Power Robert C , Ruiz-Pérez Javier , Tromp Monica , Vrydaghs Luc , Wade Kali , Hasler Mario 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Archaeobotanists and palaeoecologists use geometric morphometrics extensively to identify plant opal phytoliths. Particularly when applied to assemblages of phytoliths from concentrations retrieved from closed contexts, morphometric data from archaeological phytoliths compared with similar data from reference material can allow taxonomic attribution. Observer variation is one aspect of phytolith morphometry that has received little attention but might be an important source of error and a potential cause of misidentification of plant remains.

Scope
To investigate inter- and intra-observer variation in phytolith morphometry, eight researchers (observers) from different laboratories measured 50 samples each from three phytolith morphotypes (Bilobate, Bulliform flabellate and Elongate dendritic) three times, under the auspices of the International Committee for Phytolith Morphometrics (ICPM).

Methods
Data for 17 size and shape variables were collected for each phytolith by manually digitizing a phytolith outline (mask) from a photograph, followed by measurement of the mask with open-source morphometric software.

Key results
Inter-observer variation ranged from 0 to 23 % difference from the mean of all observers. Intra-observer variation ranged from 0 to 9 % difference from the mean of individual observers per week. Inter- and intra-observer variation was generally higher among inexperienced researchers.

Conclusions
Scaling errors were a major cause of variation and occurred more with less experienced researchers, which is likely to be related to familiarity with data collection. The results indicate that inter- and intra-observer variation can be reduced substantially by providing clear instructions for and training with the equipment, photograph capturing, software, data collection and data cleaning. In this paper, the ICPM provides recommendations to minimize variation. Advances in automatic data collection might eventually reduce inter- and intra-observer variation, but until this is common practice, the ICPM recommends that phytolith morphometric analyses adhere to standardized guidelines to assure that measured phytolith variables are accurate, consistent and comparable between different researchers and laboratories.
Floral freezing tolerance is tied to flowering time in North American woody plant species
Authors: Savage Jessica A , Fakhreddine Qadry , Vandenheuvel Britton 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
As winter and spring temperatures continue to increase, the timing of flowering and leaf-out is advancing in many seasonally cold regions. This advancement could put plants that flower early in the spring at risk of decreased reproduction in years when there are late freeze events. Unfortunately, relatively little is known about floral freezing tolerance in forest communities. In this study, we examined the impact of freezing temperatures on the flowers of woody plants in a region where there is rapid winter warming in North America.

Methods
We subjected the flowers of 25 woody species to a hard (−5 °C) and a light freeze (0 °C). We assessed tissue damage using electrolyte leakage. In a subset of species, we also examined the impact of a hard freeze on pollen tube growth. To determine if the vulnerability of flowers to freezing damage relates to flowering time and to examine the responsiveness of flowering time to spring temperature, we recorded the date of first flower for our study species for 3 years.

Key Results and Conclusions
Across species, we found that floral freezing tolerance was strongly tied to flowering time, with the highest freezing tolerance occurring in plants that bloomed earlier in the year. We hypothesize that these early blooming species are unlikely to be impacted by a false spring. Instead, the most vulnerable species to a false spring should be those that bloom later in the season. The flowering time in these species is also more sensitive to temperature, putting them at a great risk of experiencing a false spring. Ultimately, floral damage in one year will not have a large impact on species fitness, but if false springs become more frequent, there could be long-term impacts on reproduction of vulnerable species.