bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsentinel Lymph Node Status in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma: Results From a Multi-Institution Prognostic Study
Authors: Pasquali Sandro , Mocellin Simone , Mozzillo Nicola , Maurichi Andrea , Quaglino Pietro , Borgognoni Lorenzo , Solari Nicola , Piazzalunga Dario , Mascheroni Luigi , Giudice Giuseppe , Patuzzo Roberto , Caracò Corrado , Ribero Simone , Marone Ugo , Santinami Mario , Rossi Carlo Riccardo 
Published: February 2014

Purpose We investigated whether the nonsentinel lymph node (NSLN) status in patients with melanoma improves the prognostic accuracy of common staging features; then we formulated a proposal for including the NSLN status in the current melanoma staging system. Patients and Methods We retrospectively collected the clinicopathologic data of 1,538 patients with positive SLN status who underwent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) at nine Italian centers. Multivariable Cox regression survival analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Literature meta-analysis was used to summarize the available evidence on the prognostic value of the NSLN status in patients with positive SLN. Results NSLN metastasis was observed in 353 patients (23%). After a median follow-up of 45 months, NSLN status was an independent prognostic factor for melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.52; P < .001). NSLN status efficiently stratified the prognosis of patients with two to three positive lymph nodes (n = 387; HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.81; P = .013), independently of other staging features. Searching the literature, this patient subgroup was investigated in other two studies. Pooling the results (n = 620 patients; 284 NSLN negative and 336 NSLN positive), we found that NSLN status is a highly significant prognostic factor (summary HR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.98; P < .001) in patients with two to three positive lymph nodes. Conclusion These findings support the independent prognostic value of the NSLN status in patients with two to three positive lymph nodes, suggesting that this information should be considered for the routine staging in patients with melanoma.
Evaluation of Alternate Categorical Tumor Metrics and Cut Points for Response Categorization Using the RECIST 1.1 Data Warehouse
Authors: Mandrekar Sumithra J. , An Ming-Wen , Meyers Jeffrey , Grothey Axel , Bogaerts Jan , Sargent Daniel J. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose We sought to test and validate the predictive utility of trichotomous tumor response (TriTR; complete response [CR] or partial response [PR] v stable disease [SD] v progressive disease [PD]), disease control rate (DCR; CR/PR/SD v PD), and dichotomous tumor response (DiTR; CR/PR v others) metrics using alternate cut points for PR and PD. The data warehouse assembled to guide the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 was used. Methods Data from 13 trials (5,480 patients with metastatic breast cancer, non–small-cell lung cancer, or colorectal cancer) were randomly split (60:40) into training and validation data sets. In all, 27 pairs of cut points for PR and PD were considered: PR (10% to 50% decrease by 5% increments) and PD (10% to 20% increase by 5% increments), for which 30% and 20% correspond to the RECIST categorization. Cox proportional hazards models with landmark analyses at 12 and 24 weeks stratified by study and number of lesions (fewer than three v three or more) and adjusted for average baseline tumor size were used to assess the impact of each metric on overall survival (OS). Model discrimination was assessed by using the concordance index (c-index). Results Standard RECIST cut points demonstrated predictive ability similar to the alternate PR and PD cut points. Regardless of tumor type, the TriTR, DiTR, and DCR metrics had similar predictive performance. The 24-week metrics (albeit with higher c-index point estimate) were not meaningfully better than the 12-week metrics. None of the metrics did particularly well for breast cancer. Conclusion Alternative cut points to RECIST standards provided no meaningful improvement in OS prediction. Metrics assessed at 12 weeks have good predictive performance.
Clinical Relevance of Thyroid-Stimulating Autoantibodies in Pediatric Graves' Disease—A Multicenter Study
Authors: Diana T. , Brown R. S. , Bossowski A. , Segni M. , Niedziela M. , König J. , Bossowska A. , Ziora K. , Hale A. , Smith J. , Pitz S. , Kanitz M. , Kahaly G. J. 
Published: February 2014

Context and Objective:
The incidence of TSH receptor (TSHR) stimulating autoantibodies (TSAbs) in pediatric Graves' disease (GD) is controversial. This large, multicenter study evaluated the clinical relevance of TSAbs in children with GD both with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and without orbital disease.

Design:
We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study.

Setting:
Sera were collected in seven American and European academic referral centers and evaluated in a central laboratory.

Patients and Samples:
A total of 422 serum samples from 157 children with GD, 101 control individuals with other thyroid and nonthyroid autoimmune diseases, and 50 healthy children were studied.

Main Outcome Measures:
TSAbs were measured using a novel, chimeric TSHR bioassay and a cAMP response element-dependent luciferase. TSH binding-inhibitory Ig (TBII) and parameters of thyroid function were also determined.

Results:
In 82 untreated children with GD, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for TSAb and TBII were: 100 and 92.68% (P = .031), 100 and 100%, 100 and 100%, and 100 and 96.15%, respectively. TSAb and TBII were present in 147 (94%) and 138 (87.9%) of the 157 children with GD (P &lt; .039), respectively; and in 247 (94%) and 233 (89%) of the 263 samples from this group (P &lt; .0075), respectively. In children with GD and GO, TSAb and TBII were noted in 100 and 96% (P &lt; .001), respectively. Hyperthyroid children with GD and GO showed markedly higher TSAb levels compared to those with thyroidal GD only (P &lt; .0001). No significant differences were noted for TBII between the two groups. After a 3-year (median) medical treatment, the decrease of TSAb levels was 69% in GD vs 20% in GD and GO (P &lt; .001). All 31 samples of euthyroid children with GO were TSAb positive; in contrast, only 24 were TBII positive (P = .016). All children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism, type 1 diabetes, and juvenile arthritis and the healthy controls were TSAb and TBII negative.

Conclusions:
Serum TSAb level is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible biomarker for pediatric GD and correlates well with disease severity and extrathyroidal manifestations.
Сommunication Science and Ideology
Authors: Татищев  , Tatishchev Yu. 
Published: February 2014

In the essay «Conceptual Principles of Ideology Creation and Dissemination» it has been made ontological understanding related to some of modern
communication science principles. It has been shown that the appearance
of communication science idea itself that took place half a century
ago was caused most of all by ideology phenomenon crisis. In this essay
the principles that can ensure the development of communication science
and expand its application in a number of public life areas. In particular, the
inclusion of society life’s ideological support function in communication science
has been justified, and the main principles related to creation of communication
science’s «ideological segment» have been marked.
Penalty-Based Algorithms for the Stochastic Obstacle Scene Problem
Authors: Aksakalli Vural , Ari Ibrahim 
Published: February 2014

We consider the stochastic obstacle scene problem wherein an agent needs to traverse a spatial arrangement of possible obstacles, and the status of the obstacles may be disambiguated en route at a cost. The goal is to find an algorithm that decides what and where to disambiguate en route so that the expected length of the traversal is minimized. We present a polynomial-time method for a graph-theoretical version of the problem when the associated graph is restricted to parallel avenues with fixed policies within the avenues. We show how previously proposed algorithms for the continuous space version can be adapted to a discrete setting. We propose a generalized framework encompassing these algorithms that uses penalty functions to guide the navigation in real time. Within this framework, we introduce a new algorithm that provides near-optimal results within very short execution times. Our algorithms are illustrated via computational experiments involving synthetic data as well as an actual naval minefield data set. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2013.0571 .
Stimulus and Response Expectancies Influence the Cognitive Effects of Cigarettes
Authors: Kelemen William L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe pharmacological, stimulus expectancy, and response expectancy effects of light cigarettes (0.60 mg yield of nicotine) compared with virtually nicotine-free cigarettes (less than 0.05 mg yield of nicotine) were examined using a between-subjects design. A total of 103 college student smokers completed tests of cognition before and after smoking one type of cigarette, which was evaluated on a number of dimensions. Cigarettes with nicotine were preferred on most dimensions, and stimulus expectancy partially mediated the relationship between nicotine and subjective effects of the cigarettes. Stimulus expectancy also mediated the effect of nicotine on tension reduction immediately after smoking, but not near the end of the experiment. Response expectancy effects of nicotine were related to predicted and actual recall performance, such that participants who performed well tended to attribute the effect to the cigarette they smoked. Implications for smoking cessation and research studies using non-nicotine cigarettes are discussed.
Improving on the Proven: Increased Efficacy and Reach With Innovations in Use of Therapeutic Nicotine
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Hughes John R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTherapeutic nicotine (TN) has been a mainstay of evidence-based smoking cessation treatment for many years, with established patterns of application. Yet recent research and practice indicates that innovations in how TN is used and applied to new populations can substantially enhance its efficacy and reach, improving upon established approaches to TN use. In this article, we address innovations how TN is used, discussing evidence that starting treatment before the quit day, combining patch with acute TN forms, and continuing TN treatment after a lapse, all substantially improve treatment outcomes compared to current TN practices, with effects sizes in the same range as the basic effect of TN versus placebo. We also review the use of TN in populations interested in smoking reduction as a path to quitting, discussing evidence that TN improves success rates in quitting by gradual reduction, and can also be used for reduction among smokers who are not yet ready to quit, leading to increased cessation rates. The evidence suggests that innovations in how TN is used can have substantial effects on the efficacy and reach of smoking cessation treatment.
John Dewey and Henry Schaefer-Simmern: The wholeness of artistic activity
Authors: Gradle Sally Armstrong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
How can art as experience or education build a more humanized world? What are the benefits of an artful education that extend beyond the art itself? This work examines how two scholars of education and proponents of the arts have responded through their writing. The title of this article derives from John Dewey’s foreword to the book The Unfolding of Artistic Activity ([1948] 1961), which is a unique collection of case studies on artistic growth written by art educator Henry Schaefer-Simmern. In this text, as in John Dewey’s Art as Experience (1934), there is an underlying implication that creative activity which is supported by the individual’s life experiences leads to wholeness of the person, and, by extension, contributes to a revitalized society. This article is a further exploration of these exemplars’ thinking on the topics of art and education. The intention is to highlight their consonance and consider ways that their theories broaden the meaning of art, experience and education.
And yet she moves! – The earth rests on water: Thales on the role of water in Earth’s mobility and in nature’s transformations
Authors: Heyd Thomas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThales often is regarded as the first philosopher and as one of the first empirical scientists of the Western tradition. In classical times Thales was also famed for astronomical observations, the prediction of an eclipse, as well as for political acumen, the application of geometrical techniques to practical problems and an astute investment in an agricultural process (olive presses). It is argued here that better sense can be made of two key extant claims attributed to him if they are less considered as grand metaphysical theses or as systematic scientific conclusions than as speculative hypotheses aimed at re­solving particular puzzles raised by everyday experience. In this sense, the analysis presented here argues that the claims concerning water attributed to Thales ought to be seen as pronouncements reflecting a kind of speculative engineering, grounded in the observational givens of his time, common sense and practical concerns.
Ein Schmökerabend als neues Format für die Lange Nacht einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek
Authors: Kusserow Nicole , Oertel Pit 
Published: February 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Mit dem Schmökerabend soll ein neues Veranstaltungsformat speziell für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken, wie der Hochschulbibliothek der TH Wildau, geschaffen werden. Diese Art des Zusammenkommens von Jung und Alt und des gemeinschaftlichen Lesens findet in der Regel in öffentlichen Bibliotheken statt. Im Fokus soll die Hochschulbibliothek mit diesem Event als frei zugängliche und öffentliche Bildungseinrichtung stehen. Mit einem gutem Konzept unter einem vorgeschlagenen Motto kann diese Veranstaltung für jede Bibliothek ein Mehrwert sein.
Rogue State Behavior and Markets: the Financial Fallout of North Korean Nuclear Tests
Authors: Kollias Christos , Papadamou Stephanos , Psarianos Iacovos 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFinancial markets react to major political events. The three nuclear tests conducted by North Korea in 2006, 2009 and 2013 are a sober confirmation of its on-going nuclear weapons program with the concomitant potential security threat this poses for the stability of the greater region. This article examines how nine regional stock exchanges reacted to the three nuclear tests given their important security repercussions. The results, although not uniformed across all countries and markets, revealed a greater adverse effect in the case of the second of the three tests. Given that the first test was announced in advance and the third was conducted in the midst of an on-going military crisis, this finding suggests that following the initial shock an unanticipated event can cause, markets can evaluate and absorb in a more efficient manner the news.
Dense calcification in a GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Ibrahim Ramez , Kalhan Atul , Lammie Alistair , Kotonya Christine , Nannapanenni Ravindra , Rees Aled 
Published: February 2014

Summary
A 30-year-old female presented with a history of secondary amenorrhoea, acromegalic features and progressive visual deterioration. She had elevated serum IGF1 levels and unsuppressed GH levels after an oral glucose tolerance test. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing space-occupying lesion with atypical extensive calcification within the sellar and suprasellar areas. Owing to the extent of calcification, the tumour was a surgical challenge. Postoperatively, there was clinical, radiological and biochemical evidence of residual disease, which required treatment with a somatostatin analogue and radiotherapy. Mutational analysis of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene was negative. This case confirms the relatively rare occurrence of calcification within a pituitary macroadenoma and its associated management problems. The presentation, biochemical, radiological and pathological findings are discussed in the context of the relevant literature.

Learning points

Calcification of pituitary tumours is relatively rare.

Recognising calcification in pituitary adenomas on preoperative imaging is important in surgical decision-making.

Gross total resection can be difficult to achieve in the presence of extensive calcification and dictates further management and follow-up to achieve disease control.
Membrane Organization and Cell Fusion During Mating in Fission Yeast Requires Multipass Membrane Protein Prm1
Authors: Curto M-Ángeles , Sharifmoghadam Mohammad Reza , Calpena Eduardo , De León Nagore , Hoya Marta , Doncel Cristina , Leatherwood Janet , Valdivieso M-Henar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The involvement of Schizosaccharomyces pombe prm1+ in cell fusion during mating and its relationship with other genes required for this process have been addressed. S. pombe prm1Δ mutant exhibits an almost complete blockade in cell fusion and an abnormal distribution of the plasma membrane and cell wall in the area of cell–cell interaction. The distribution of cellular envelopes is similar to that described for mutants devoid of the Fig1-related claudin-like Dni proteins; however, prm1+ and the dni+ genes act in different subpathways. Time-lapse analyses show that in the wild-type S. pombe strain, the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane undergoes some modification before an opening is observed in the cross wall at the cell–cell contact region. In the prm1Δ mutant, this membrane modification does not take place, and the cross wall between the mating partners is not extensively degraded; plasma membrane forms invaginations and fingers that sometimes collapse/retract and that are sometimes strengthened by the synthesis of cell-wall material. Neither prm1Δ nor prm1Δ dniΔ zygotes lyse after cell–cell contact in medium containing and lacking calcium. Response to drugs that inhibit lipid synthesis or interfere with lipids is different in wild-type, prm1Δ, and dni1Δ strains, suggesting that membrane structure/organization/dynamics is different in all these strains and that Prm1p and the Dni proteins exert some functions required to guarantee correct membrane organization that are critical for cell fusion.
The Fates of Mutant Lineages and the Distribution of Fitness Effects of Beneficial Mutations in Laboratory Budding Yeast Populations
Authors: Frenkel Evgeni M , Good Benjamin H , Desai Michael M 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe outcomes of evolution are determined by which mutations occur and fix. In rapidly adapting microbial populations, this process is particularly hard to predict because lineages with different beneficial mutations often spread simultaneously and interfere with one another’s fixation. Hence to predict the fate of any individual variant, we must know the rate at which new mutations create competing lineages of higher fitness. Here, we directly measured the effect of this interference on the fates of specific adaptive variants in laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations and used these measurements to infer the distribution of fitness effects of new beneficial mutations. To do so, we seeded marked lineages with different fitness advantages into replicate populations and tracked their subsequent frequencies for hundreds of generations. Our results illustrate the transition between strongly advantageous lineages that decisively sweep to fixation and more moderately advantageous lineages that are often outcompeted by new mutations arising during the course of the experiment. We developed an approximate likelihood framework to compare our data to simulations and found that the effects of these competing beneficial mutations were best approximated by an exponential distribution, rather than one with a single effect size. We then used this inferred distribution of fitness effects to predict the rate of adaptation in a set of independent control populations. Finally, we discuss how our experimental design can serve as a screen for rare, large-effect beneficial mutations.
Trial of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Natarajan Chandra Kumar , Sankar M. Jeeva , Agarwal Ramesh , Pratap O. Tejo , Jain Vandana , Gupta Nandita , Gupta Arun Kumar , Deorari Ashok K. , Paul Vinod K. , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the effect of 800 vs 400 IU of daily oral vitamin D3 on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) at 40 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) in preterm infants of 28 to 34 weeks’ gestation.

METHODS:
In this randomized double-blind trial, we allocated eligible infants to receive either 800 or 400 IU of vitamin D3 per day (n = 48 in both groups). Primary outcome was VDD (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels &lt;20 ng/mL) at 40 weeks’ PMA. Secondary outcomes were VDD, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density at 3 months’ corrected age (CA).

RESULTS:
Prevalence of VDD in the 800-IU group was significantly lower than in the 400-IU group at 40 weeks (38.1% vs 66.7%; relative risk: 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.88) and at 3 months’ CA (12.5% vs 35%; relative risk: 0.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.14–0.90). One infant (2.4%) in the 800-IU group had vitamin D excess (100–150 ng/mL). Bone mineral content (mean ± SD: 79.6 ± 16.8 vs 84.7 ± 20.7 g; P = .27) and bone mineral density (0.152 ± 0.019 vs 0.158 ± 0.021 g/cm2; P = .26) were not different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Daily supplementation with 800 IU of vitamin D reduces the prevalence of VDD at 40 weeks’ PMA and at 3 months’ CA in preterm infants without showing any improvement in bone mineralization. However, there is a possibility that this dose may occasionally result in vitamin D excess.
Cost Analysis of Youth Violence Prevention
Authors: Sharp Adam L. , Prosser Lisa A. , Walton Maureen , Blow Frederic C. , Chermack Stephen T. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Cunningham Rebecca 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Effective violence interventions are not widely implemented, and there is little information about the cost of violence interventions. Our goal is to report the cost of a brief intervention delivered in the emergency department that reduces violence among 14- to 18-year-olds.METHODS:Primary outcomes were total costs of implementation and the cost per violent event or violence consequence averted. We used primary and secondary data sources to derive the costs to implement a brief motivational interviewing intervention and to identify the number of self-reported violent events (eg, severe peer aggression, peer victimization) or violence consequences averted. One-way and multi-way sensitivity analyses were performed.RESULTS:Total fixed and variable annual costs were estimated at $71 784. If implemented, 4208 violent events or consequences could be prevented, costing $17.06 per event or consequence averted. Multi-way sensitivity analysis accounting for variable intervention efficacy and different cost estimates resulted in a range of $3.63 to $54.96 per event or consequence averted.CONCLUSIONS:Our estimates show that the cost to prevent an episode of youth violence or its consequences is less than the cost of placing an intravenous line and should not present a significant barrier to implementation.