bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of test method used to evaluate resistance of C‐Mn steel to hydrogen induced cracking
Authors: Jonšta P. , Matocha K. , Jonšta Z. , Koštial P. , Jancíková Z. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe presented paper deals with a comparison of test methods for evaluating the resistance of API grade X65 steel to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). It concerned particularly the ultrasonic immersion method using an AGFA non‐destructive testing device by Krautkrämer and metallographic evaluation of the results of ultrasonic tests according to the directive NACE TM 0284. Comparison of test methods was made on the basis of established parameters of cracks, i. e. crack length ratio (CLR), crack thickness ratio (CTR) and crack sensitivity ratio (CSR). The determination of parameters in case of ultrasonic examination was performed using the pulse reflection method. Metallographic evaluations were performed always at hundred‐fold magnification on a light microscope ZEISS NEOPHOT 32. The obtained results showed that all the test methods used had very small differences between the investigated parameters.
Theoretical approach to a better understanding of gelation in the framework of petroleum industry: role played by different parameters
Authors: Maroto‐Centeno J. A. , Pérez‐Gutiérrez T. , Quesada‐Pérez M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGelation due to the precipitation of paraffins in petroleum oils is a billion dollar problem in the petroleum industry. The most widely known example in this field is the gelation of crude oil during transportation through sub‐sea pipelines, which in some cases has caused important remediation cost of pipelines blockages. In the case of lubricant oils, gelation is a latent problem from the massive failure in automotive engines that took place in North America during the winter of 1980‐81. In this framework, this work uses a recently developed theoretical survey which has shed light on the physical meaning of the gelation index, that is, the main parameter involved in test ASTM D 5133. This test is commonly used in the petroleum industry for the evaluation of gelation tendency of engine oils at low temperatures. This work analyzes the role played by different parameters (and particularly the induction period and supersaturation ratio) in the theoretical evaluation of the gelation index. In spite of the simplifications used in the theory a qualitative agreement is found when comparing with experimental data, which opens the possibility (after necessary refinements) of a fully predictive theory for nucleation which would be very useful for the petroleum industry.
Equilibrium and dynamic studies for adsorption of boron on calcium alginate gel beads using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS)
Authors: Ruiz M. , Roset L. , Demey H. , Castro S. , Sastre A. M. , Pérez J. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, boron removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption on calcium alginate gel beads was investigated. Based on the batch tests, calcium alginate gel beads demonstrated a good capacity of adsorption; the maximum capacity obtained was 121 mg/g at pH 6. The aim of this paper is the study of analytical tools for extracting more analytical information from a few experiments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to perform a comparative analysis between different isotherms obtained by varying the percentage of alginate on the adsorbent beads. The calculated fraction of the cumulative sum of squares for all the components (R2X(cum)) and the predictive reliability model based on the value of the correlation coefficient of cross validation (Q2 (cum)) obtained were 0.9639 and 0.8523, respectively. Dynamic system study using 20 different columns was carried out. Partial least squares (PLS) modeling are applied to characterize the effect of the experimental variables on the adsorption process. Some of the descriptors studied were the initial boron concentration (Co), adsorbent mass (m), pH, column diameter (dc), column depth (Z) and superficial flow velocity (U0). Experimental adsorptions were compared against predicted adsorptions and a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9927 was obtained.
On a numerical model for static and dynamic analysis of in‐plane masonry infilled steel frames
Authors: Radnić J. , Baloević G. , Matešan D. , Smilović M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA numerical model is presented for both static and dynamic analysis of planar masonry‐infilled steel frames, which are loaded only in their plane. The model can simulate all main nonlinear effects of the frame‐infill‐foundation‐soil system. With this model, bare steel and concrete frame structures, masonry structures, as well as masonry‐infilled steel and concrete frame structures can be analysed. Verification of this model was performed on two experimental tests. In example 1 a masonry‐infilled steel frame under static cyclic load and in example 2 a masonry‐infilled steel frame under dynamic load were analysed. The obtained numerical results agree well with experimental results.
Anti–N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐glutamic‐receptor encephalitis presenting as paroxysmal exercise‐induced foot weakness
Authors: Labate Angelo , Quattrone Aldo , Dalmau Josep , Gambardella Antonio 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐glutamic‐receptors (NMDAR) encephalitis often develop complex abnormal movements that may manifest early in the course of illness.Methods/ResultsA 17‐year‐old boy developed paroxysmal exercise‐induced right foot weakness, without behavioral change. Two weeks later, he had hyperthermia and convulsive status epilepticus. Intravenous valproate resolved the status, but the paroxysmal episodes of right foot weakness persisted. They recurred any time he began running, without any refractory period or other triggering factors. Neurological examination between attacks was normal. Ictal video‐polygraphy showed transient loss of lower limb muscle activity without any EEG changes. Results of brain MRI and extensive laboratory tests were normal. NMDAR antibodies were present in liquor and serum. No tumor was found. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone plus immunoglobulins with resolution of his symptoms that have not recurred at 8‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsOur case enlarges the spectrum of abnormal movements as presentation of oligosymptomatic anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Sleeping Giants: Emerging Roles for the Fat Cadherins in Health and Disease
Authors: Sadeqzadeh Elham , de Bock Charles E. , Thorne Rick F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe vertebrate Fat cadherins comprise a small gene family of four members, Fat1–Fat4, all closely related in structure to Drosophila ft and ft2. Over the past decade, knock‐out mouse studies, genetic manipulation, and large sequencing projects has aided our understanding of the function of vertebrate Fat cadherins in tissue development and disease. The majority of studies of this family have focused on Fat1, with evidence now showing it can bind enable (ENA)/Vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), β‐catenin and Atrophin proteins to influence cell polarity and motility; HOMER‐1 and HOMER‐3 proteins to regulate actin accumulation in neuronal synapses; and scribble to influence the Hippo signaling pathway. Fat2 and Fat3 can regulate cell migration in a tissue specific manner and Fat4 appears to influence both planar cell polarity and Hippo signaling recapitulating the activity of Drosophila ft. Knowledge about the exact downstream signaling pathways activated by each family member remains in its infancy, but it is becoming clearer that they have tissue specific and redundant roles in development and may be lost or gained in cancer. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on understanding the role of the Fat cadherin family, integrating the current knowledge of molecular interactions and tissue distributions, together with the accumulating evidence of their changed expression in human disease. The latter is now beginning to promote interest in these molecules as both biomarkers and new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Quantification and correction of respiration induced dynamic field map changes in fMRI using 3D single shot techniques
Authors: Zahneisen Benjamin , Assländer Jakob , LeVan Pierre , Hugger Thimo , Reisert Marco , Ernst Thomas , Hennig Jürgen 
Published: May 2013

PurposeRespiration induced dynamic field map changes in the brain are quantified and the influence on the magnitude signal (physiological noise) is investigated. Dynamic off‐resonance correction allows to reduce the signal fluctuations overlaying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal in
‐weighted functional imaging.Theory and MethodsA single‐shot whole brain imaging technique with 100 ms temporal resolution was used to measure dynamic off‐resonance maps that were calculated from the incremental changes of the image phase. These off‐resonance maps are then used to dynamically update the off‐resonance corrected reconstruction.ResultsA global resonance offset and a pronounced gradient in head–foot direction were identified as the main components of the change during a respiration cycle. On average, correction for these fluctuations decreases the magnitude fluctuations by around 30%.ConclusionSingle shot 3D imaging allows for a robust quantification of dynamic off‐resonance changes in the brain. Correction for these fluctuations removes the physiological noise component associated with dynamic point spread function changes. Magn Reson Med 71:1093–1102, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical strategy for unbiased homogenization of random materials
Authors: Cottereau R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a numerical strategy that allows to lower the costs associated to the prediction of the value of homogenized tensors in elliptic problems. This is performed by solving a coupled problem, in which the complex microstructure is confined to a small region and surrounded by a tentative homogenized medium. The characteristics of this homogenized medium are updated using a self‐consistent approach and are shown to converge to the actual solution. The main feature of the coupling strategy is that it really couples the random microstructure with the deterministic homogenized model, and not one (deterministic) realization of the random medium with a homogenized model. The advantages of doing so are twofold: (a) the influence of the boundary conditions is significantly mitigated, and (b) the ergodicity of the random medium can be used in full through appropriate definition of the coupling operator. Both of these advantages imply that the resulting coupled problem is less expensive to solve, for a given bias, than the computation of homogenized tensor using classical approaches. Examples of 1‐D and 2‐D problems with continuous properties, as well as a 2‐D matrix‐inclusion problem, illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Central nervous system involvement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma in childhood: Results from a multicentre European and Japanese study
Authors: Williams Denise , Mori Tetsuya , Reiter Alfred , Woessman Wilhelm , Rosolen Angelo , Wrobel Grazyna , Zsiros Jozsef , Uyttebroeck Anne , Marky Ildiko , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Brugières Laurence ,   for the European Intergroup for Childhood Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma, the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn an international study of systemic childhood ALCL, 12/463 patients had CNS involvement, three of which had isolated CNS disease. Comparative analysis of CNS positive and negative patients showed no difference in ALK positivity, immunophenotype, presence of B symptoms or other sites of disease. The lymphohistiocytic variant was over represented in the CNS positive group (36% vs. 5%). With multi‐agent chemotherapy, including high dose methotrexate, Ara‐C and intrathecal treatment, the event free and overall survival of the CNS positive group at 5 years were 50% (95%CI, 25–75%) and 74% (45–91%), respectively with a median follow up of 4.1 years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E118–E121. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of well‐defined side chain fullerene polymers and study of their self‐aggregation behaviors
Authors: Li Junting , Benicewicz Brian C. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMonoalkynyl‐functionalized fullerene was precisely synthesized starting with pristine fullerene (C60) and characterized by multiple techniques. Methyl methacrylate and 6‐azido hexyl methacrylate were then randomly copolymerized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to build polymer backbones with well‐controlled molecular weights and copolymer compositions. Finally, these two moieties were covalently assembled into a series of well‐defined side chain fullerene polymers (SFPs) via the copper‐mediated click reaction which was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR. The fullerene loadings of the resultant polymers were estimated by thermogravimetric analysis and UV–vis spectroscopy, demonstrating consistent and high conversions in most of the samples. The morphology studies of the SFPs were performed both in solution and on solid substrates. Very intriguing self‐aggregation behaviors were detected by both gel permeation chromatography and dynamic light scattering analyses. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopic images of these polymers showed the formation of various supramolecular nanoparticle assemblies and crystalline‐like clusters depending on the fullerene contents and polymer chain lengths. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3572–3582
Research on Titanium‐Containing Micro‐Porous Propellants with Rapid Burning Rate
Authors: Su Jing , Ying Sanjiu , Xiao Zhenggang , Xu Fuming 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMicro‐porous propellants containing titanium powder were obtained by supercritical CO2 (SC CO2) foaming technique. The morphologies of the micro‐porous propellants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurement. The burning rate, the impetus, and the heat of explosion of the micro‐porous propellants were measured by the closed vessel test and the calorimetric bomb test. The results show that the porosity increased with increasing titanium powder content; compared with Benite, the burning rate was substantially improved, and the maximum values of the impetus and the isochoric heat of explosion increased by 51.4 % and 6.5 %, respectively. The Ti‐containing micro‐porous propellants with rapid burning rate and better energetic properties described in this paper may have the potential to replace Benite as igniter material in a flame igniter of a gun propellant charge.
Air stability of PTCDI‐C13‐based n‐OFETs on polymer interfacial layers
Authors: Roh Jeongkyun , Lee Jaemin , Kang Chan‐mo , Lee Changhee , Jung Byung J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis Letter reports the novel use of poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a dielectric interfacial layer for n‐type organic field‐effect transistors (n‐OFETs). With PVK, both the air stability and electron mobility of N,N′‐ditridecylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI‐C13)‐based OFETs were improved. Among the PVKs with different weight‐average molecular weight (Mw), PVK with high Mw showed good performance. The high glass transition temperature of PVK enabled thermal post annealing of the active layer, which resulted in a high electron mobility of 0.61 cm2/Vs. This mobility was maintained at 90% and 59% after 4 days and 105 days in air, respectively. The PVK interfacial layer reduced the trapped charges in the PTCDI‐C13‐based n‐OFET for air‐exposure and caused a decrease in the threshold voltage shift.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling and formal verification of smart environments
Authors: Corno Fulvio , Sanaullah Muhammad 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTSmart environments SmE are a growing combination of various computing frameworks (ubiquitous, pervasive etc.), devices, control algorithms, and a complex web of interactions. It is at the core of user facilitation in a number of industrial, domestic, and public areas. On the basis of their application areas, SmE may be critical in terms of correctness, reliability, safety, security, etc. To achieve error‐free and requirement‐compliant implementation, these systems are designed by resorting to various modeling approaches including ontology and statecharts. This paper attempts to consider correctness, reliability, safety, and security in the design process of SmE and their related components by proposing a design time modeling and formal verification methodology. The proposed methodology covers various design features related to modeling and formal verification of SmE (focusing on users, devices, environment, control algorithms, and their interaction) against the set of the requirements through model checking. A realistic case study of a Bank Door Security Booth System (BDSB) is tested. The results show the successful verification of the properties related to the safety, security, and desired reliable behavior of BDSB. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotyping the kinematics of leaf development in flowering plants: recommendations and pitfalls
Authors: Lièvre Maryline , Wuyts Nathalie , Cookson Sarah J. , Bresson Justine , Dapp Mélanie , Vasseur François , Massonnet Catherine , Tisné Sébastien , Bettembourg Mathilde , Balsera Crispulo , Bédiée Alexis , Bouvery Frédéric , Dauzat Myriam , Rolland Gaëlle , Vile Denis , Granier Christine 
Published: May 2013

Leaves of flowering plants are produced from the shoot apical meristem at regular intervals and they grow according to a developmental program that is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Detailed frameworks for multiscale dynamic analyses of leaf growth have been developed in order to identify and interpret phenotypic differences caused by either genetic or environmental variations. They revealed that leaf growth dynamics are non‐linearly and nonhomogeneously distributed over the lamina, in the leaf tissues and cells. The analysis of the variability in leaf growth, and its underlying processes, has recently gained momentum with the development of automated phenotyping platforms that use various technologies to record growth at different scales and at high throughput. These modern tools are likely to accelerate the characterization of gene function and the processes that underlie the control of shoot development. Combined with powerful statistical analyses, trends have emerged that may have been overlooked in low throughput analyses. However, in many examples, the increase in throughput allowed by automated platforms has led to a decrease in the spatial and/or temporal resolution of growth analyses. Concrete examples presented here indicate that simplification of the dynamic leaf system, without consideration of its spatial and temporal context, can lead to important misinterpretations of the growth phenotype. WIREs Dev Biol 2013, 2:809–821. doi: 10.1002/wdev.119This article is categorized under:

Plant Development > Vegetative Development
Morphogenetic movements in the neural plate and neural tube: mouse
Authors: Massarwa R'ada , Ray Heather J. , Niswander Lee 
Published: May 2013

The neural tube (NT), the embryonic precursor of the vertebrate brain and spinal cord, is generated by a complex and highly dynamic morphological process. In mammals, the initially flat neural plate bends and lifts bilaterally to generate the neural folds followed by fusion of the folds at the midline during the process of neural tube closure (NTC). Failures in any step of this process can lead to neural tube defects (NTDs), a common class of birth defects that occur in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. These severe birth abnormalities include spina bifida, a failure of closure at the spinal level; craniorachischisis, a failure of NTC along the entire body axis; and exencephaly, a failure of the cranial neural folds to close which leads to degeneration of the exposed brain tissue termed anencephaly. The mouse embryo presents excellent opportunities to explore the genetic basis of NTC in mammals; however, its in utero development has also presented great challenges in generating a deeper understanding of how gene function regulates the cell and tissue behaviors that drive this highly dynamic process. Recent technological advances are now allowing researchers to address these questions through visualization of NTC dynamics in the mouse embryo in real time, thus offering new insights into the morphogenesis of mammalian NTC. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:59–68. doi: 10.1002/wdev.120This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Estimation of black‐tailed prairie dog colonies in Montana
Authors: Rauscher Ryan L. , Story Scott J. , Gude Justin A. , Russell Robin E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBlack‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) is an influential species in prairie ecosystems. Accurate estimates of active prairie dog colony area are needed to assess the status of the species and evaluate the effects of management actions. In 2008, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks conducted a survey of potential black‐tailed prairie dog habitat. Using fixed‐wing aircraft and an aerial line‐intercept method, we surveyed 771 transects totaling 56,530 km in 32 counties in central and eastern Montana, USA, excluding tribal lands. We recorded 667 black‐tailed prairie dog colony intercepts totaling 336,636 m in 21 counties. Ground intercepts were 1.091 (95% credible intervals = 1.087–1.094) times longer than air intercepts. The estimated percent of colonies classified as active from the air that were active on the ground was 86.8% (95% credible intervals = 77.9–93.5%). Corrected estimates resulted in 77,430 ha (95% credible intervals = 69,480–83,380) of active and 12,990 ha (95% credible intervals = 7,039–20,970) of inactive black‐tailed prairie dog colonies. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of the estimated area of active prairie dog colonies by reducing a percentage of long intercepts assumed to be entirely active. More than 30% of active intercepts >750 m in length would need to, in fact, be inactive in order for our active colony area estimates to differ >10,000 ha (13%; i.e., outside of our margin of error) from our estimates. Aerial line‐intercept methods provide a reliable and repeatable method for obtaining estimates of active and inactive prairie dog colony area over large areas. Our estimates provide the basis for long‐term monitoring of prairie dogs on a landscape scale. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.