bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Lymph Nodes for Tumor Staging: Appraisal of 871 Nephrectomies With Examination of Hilar Fat
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Mudaliar Kumaran , Ghai Ritu , Quek Marcus L. , Milner John , Flanigan Robert C. , Picken Maria M. 
Published: May 2013

Context.—Despite decades of research, the role of lymphadenectomy in the management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still not clearly defined. Before the implementation of targeted therapies, lymph node metastases were considered to be a portent of markedly decreased survival, regardless of the tumor stage. However, the role of lymphadenectomy and the relative benefit of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in the context of modern adjunctive therapies have not been conclusively addressed in the clinical literature. The current pathologic literature does not offer clear recommendations with regard to the minimum number of lymph nodes that should be examined in order to accurately stage the pN in renal cell carcinoma. Although gross examination of the hilar fat to assess the nodal status is performed routinely, it has not yet been determined whether this approach is adequate.Objective.—To evaluate the status of lymph nodes and their rate of identification in the pathologic examination of nephrectomy specimens in adult renal malignancies.Design.—We reviewed the operative and pathology reports of 871 patients with renal malignancies treated by nephrectomy. All tumors were classified according to the seventh edition of the Tumor-Nodes-Metastasis classification. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Nx, no lymph nodes recovered; N0, negative; and N1, with positive lymph nodes. Grossly visible lymph nodes were submitted separately; as per grossing protocol, hilar fatty tissue was submitted for microscopic examination. We evaluated the factors that affected the number of lymph nodes identified and the variables that allowed the prediction of nodal involvement.Results.—Lymph nodes were recovered in 333 of 871 patients (38%): hilar in 125 patients, nonhilar in 137 patients, and hilar and nonhilar in 71 patients. Patients with positive lymph nodes (n = 87) were younger, had larger primary tumors, and had lymph nodes of average size, as well as a higher pT stage, nuclear grade, and rate of metastases. Metastases were seen only in grossly identified lymph nodes (65% hilar, 16% nonhilar); all microscopic nodes were negative. Even with the microscopic examination of fat, hilar lymph nodes were recovered in only 22.5% of patients. A nonhilar route of node metastasis was suspected in 40 patients.Conclusions.—Only grossly identifiable lymph nodes, both hilar and nonhilar, were positive for metastases. Although microscopic examination of the hilar fat increased the number of lymph nodes recovered, the identification rate of these nodes was low (22.5%), and such microscopic nodes were invariably negative. Hence, microscopic examination of the hilar fat may be unnecessary.
Lichtinduzierte Klickreaktionen
Authors: Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie räumliche und zeitliche Kontrolle über chemische und biologische Prozesse zur Feinabstimmung von Reaktionsprodukten und zum Erreichen ortsspezifischer Selektivität ist eines der spannendsten Gebiete der modernen Wissenschaft. Ziel und Herausforderung für den Synthesechemiker ist es, selektive und effiziente Reaktionen zu entwickeln, die zur Herstellung nutzbarer Moleküle in verschiedenartigen Matrizen geeignet sind. In neueren Untersuchungen wurde Licht als wertvolles “Werkzeug” erkannt, mit dem bestimmt werden kann, wo, wann und in welchem Ausmaß ein Prozess gestartet oder abgebrochen wird. Dieser Kurzaufsatz erläutert die grundlegenden Aspekte lichtinduzierter Klickreaktionen, zeigt die Anwendungen dieser Umsetzungen in verschiedenen Forschungsgebieten auf und untersucht das Potenzial dieser Methode für das Studium biomolekularer Systeme.
Light‐Induced Click Reactions
Authors: Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes, both in terms of “tuning” products and providing site‐specific control, is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing areas of modern science. For synthetic chemists, the challenge is to discover and develop selective and efficient reactions capable of generating useful molecules in a variety of matrices. In recent studies, light has been recognized as a valuable method for determining where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Accordingly, this Minireview will present the fundamental aspects of light‐induced click reactions, highlight the applications of these reactions to diverse fields of study, and discuss the potential for this methodology to be applied to the study of biomolecular systems.
Identification by GC‐O and GC‐MS of new odorous compounds in natural rubber
Authors: Juntarachat Niramol , Bouvier Nicolas , Lepoutre Jean‐Paul , Roland Aurélie , Sainte‐Beuve Jérôme , Granet Françoise , Salmon Jean‐Michel , Rigou Peggy , Chalier Pascale 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTNatural rubber products emit malodourous compounds, which can contaminate the air and water of the inhabited surroundings of the production factories. Analytical methods such as SPME coupled with GC‐MS and GC‐O‐FID were used to elucidate the composition and olfactory impact of volatile compounds released from two various grades of natural rubber submitted to different coagulation processes. Forty‐three volatile compounds were identified and amongst 16 of them that had never been reported. The volatile compounds belonged to different chemical classes and were the result of enzymatic and microbial action as well as thermal degradation. Among the new compounds identified, a terpene (limonene), benzyl derivatives, or trimethylamine were found in both grades of natural rubber. In contrary phenyl acids, fatty acid esters, or 2,6 dimethoxyphenol were specific to one grade of natural rubber and may result from the coagulation process. The use of GC‐O analysis emphasized the contribution of short‐chain fatty acids to the malodorous odour generated but also evidenced the participation of trimethylamine and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. At last, it was demonstrated that the presence of phenyl acids in one natural rubber could partially mask the obnoxious odour. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1863–1872, 2013
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Bromophenol Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Authors: Akbaba Yusuf , Balaydın Halis Türker , Menzek Abdullah , Göksu Süleyman , Şahin Ertan , Ekinci Deniz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHere, we provide an alternative synthesis of the natural bromophenol 3,4‐dibromo‐5‐(2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐6‐(ethoxymethyl)benzene‐1,2‐diol (3) and the first synthesis of (4,5‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylphenyl)(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)methanone (18) and its brominated derivatives 19–21. The compounds were characterized and tested against the two most studied members of the pH regulatory enzyme family, carbonic anhydrase (CA). The inhibitory potencies of the novel compounds and two natural bromophenols 2, 3 were analyzed at the human isoforms hCA I and hCA II as targets and the KI values were calculated. The KI values of the novel compounds were measured in the range of 13.7–32.7 µM for the hCA I isozyme and 0.65–1.26 µM for the hCA II isozyme. The structurally related compound 14 was also tested in order to understand the structure–activity relationship, and the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide (AZA) was tested for comparison reasons. All of the compounds exhibited competitive inhibition with 4‐nitrophenylacetate as substrate. The compounds showed strong inhibitory activity against hCA I, being more effective as compared to the clinically used AZA (KI: 36.2 µM), but rather less activity against hCA II.
A sensitive method for the determination of levamisole in serum by electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Xiao Ying , Li Jianping , Fu Cong 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA novel method was developed for the determination of levamisole by electrochemiluminescence. The method was based on electrochemiluminescence signal enhancement produced by Ru(bpy)32+, which reacted with the tertiary amine group of levamisole on a platinum electrode in 12 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 9). A linear relationship between the luminous intensity and concentration of levamisole in the range 0–1 × 10–7 mol/L was obtained and the detection limit was 1.76 × 10–11 mol/L. The method is sensitive, selective, simple and convenient. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of levamisole in serum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of the quantitative analysis of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors
Authors: Mullangi Ramesh , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTClinical investigations of choleteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors are still underway owing to its promise of reducing risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Although several CETP inhibitors have reached late phase clinical testing, there is a paucity of publications that describe the determination of various CETP inhibitors in human and/or animal matrices. An attempt is made in this review to collate bioanalytical information on three CETP inhibitors (anacetrapib, dalcetrapib and torcetrapib) and its metabolites, where data were available and reported. As elaborated in the review, owing to numerous structural issues coupled with chromatography/detection challenges indigenous to the class, a wide array of analytical tools, detection systems, interesting process manipulations and separation nuances have been utilized for the quantitative analysis of CETP inhibitors and applicable metabolites. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation‐based uncertainty quantification of human arterial network hemodynamics
Authors: Chen Peng , Quarteroni Alfio , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis work aims at identifying and quantifying uncertainties from various sources in human cardiovascular system based on stochastic simulation of a one‐dimensional arterial network. A general analysis of different uncertainties and probability characterization with log‐normal distribution of these uncertainties is introduced. Deriving from a deterministic one‐dimensional fluid–structure interaction model, we establish the stochastic model as a coupled hyperbolic system incorporated with parametric uncertainties to describe the blood flow and pressure wave propagation in the arterial network. By applying a stochastic collocation method with sparse grid technique, we study systemically the statistics and sensitivity of the solution with respect to many different uncertainties in a relatively complete arterial network with potential physiological and pathological implications for the first time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic Liquids Based on the 7‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane Skeleton: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: De Vos Nils , Maton Cedric , De Vreese Peter , Brooks Neil R. , Binnemans Koen , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBased on a previously developed method for the synthesis of epibatidine analogues, a series of new ionic liquids, based on the 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton, have been synthesized. The chemical and physical properties of the ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N) and dicyanamide [N(CN)2] anions were investigated and they were found to exhibit very good electrochemical and thermal stabilities.
Dehydrogenation of Perfluoroalkyl Ket­ones by Using a Recyclable Oxoammonium Salt
Authors: Hamlin Trevor A. , Kelly Christopher B. , Leadbeater Nicholas E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel dehydrogenation reaction of perfluoroalkyl ketones by the oxoammonium salt 4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium tetrafluoroborate (4‐NHAc‐TEMPO+BF4–, Bobbitt's salt,1) is described. The reaction proceeds under mildly basic conditions and appears to be unique to perfluoroalkyl ketones. A proposed mechanism for this unusual transformation is given. The byproduct of the reaction, 4‐acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (1a), can easily be recovered and used to regenerate the oxoammonium salt.
Energy‐efficient multicast routing scheme for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tang Xiaolan , Pu Juhua , Gao Yang , Xiong Zhang , Weng Yuelong 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel energy‐efficient multicast routing scheme for wireless sensor networks, named extended multicast routing scheme with pruning and energy balancing (E‐MPEB) to disseminate data through layered multicast trees with high efficiency and low power consumption. E‐MPEB uses pruning and energy balancing algorithms to save energy and balance load. Especially, it supports multisource multicast and multiple multicast tasks. In multisource multicast, we propose dense tree construction and conjunctive pruning algorithms to minimise total transmission in the network. We increase the number of children having the same parent to improve transmission efficiency and turn more nodes into sleep. In multiple multicast tasks, we propose sharing node avoidance algorithm to separate trees for different multicast tasks. This separation reduces transmission congestion at sharing nodes and balances total energy consumption. Formal validations and simulations evaluate the performance of E‐MPEB, which show that E‐MPEB has a distinct advantage over others in both reducing and balancing energy consumption. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraseasonal variations in the surface layer heat balance of the central equatorial Indian Ocean: The importance of zonal advection and vertical mixing
Authors: McPhaden M. J. , Foltz G. R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe examine the ocean mixed layer response to intraseasonal atmospheric forcing using moored time series data in the central equatorial Indian Ocean for October 2004 to March 2005, a period coincident with two active phases of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). Both MJO events were accompanied by a sea surface temperature decrease that was partially the consequence of reduced net surface heat flux. In addition, during the first event in October–November 2004, advection by an enhanced Wyrtki Jet contributed substantial cooling, while during the second event in December 2004 to January 2005, vertical processes, most likely related to entrainment mixing, were pronounced. Heavy rainfall at the mooring location during the first event may have contributed to the formation of a 30–40 m thick barrier layer that limited turbulent vertical transfers between the mixed layer and the thermocline. There was no barrier layer present during the second event, which presumably allowed for much freer vertical turbulent exchanges.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide on the biological characteristics of human skin fibroblasts and hypertrophic scar tissue formation
Authors: Yang Hongming , Hu Chao , Li Fengyu , Liang Liming , Liu Lingying 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBurn injury‐mediated destruction of the skin barrier normally induces microbial invasion, in turn leading to the development of systemic infection and occasional septic shock by the release of endotoxins. The objective of this work was to study the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the biological characteristics of normal skin fibroblasts and to elucidate the influence of LPS in the initial stage of skin wound healing. Twenty patients with hypertrophic scar in proliferative stage were selected randomly and primary cultures were established from fibroblasts derived from their hypertrophic scar tissue and normal skin. Normal skin fibroblasts of passage 3 were stimulated with different concentrations of LPS. LPS stimulated the proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts within a certain extent of concentrations (0.005–0.5 μg/mL) (P < 0.05), whereas at a concentration of 1 μg/mL inhibited the proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Collagen synthesis by normal skin fibroblasts after LPS stimulation mimicked those derived from hypertrophic scar tissue. LPS of 0.1 μg/mL had significant effect on normal skin fibroblasts—continuous passage of these fibroblasts resulted in ultrastructural pattern similar to fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar tissue, and the findings was substantiated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry detection of proliferation cell nuclear antigen, type I procollagen and α‐smooth muscle actin. Our results suggest that LPS might convert normal skin fibroblasts to hypertrophic scar tissue fibroblasts and participate in the formation of hypertrophic scar; hence, appropriate concentration of LPS may have no effect or be beneficial to skin wound healing, whereas excessive concentration of LPS may delay the time of wound healing. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):526–532, 2013.
Clinical features of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics: A symptom‐based assessment using the Pain DETECT Questionnaire
Authors: Shaygan M. , Böger A. , Kröner‐Herwig B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn general, chronic pain is categorized into two mechanism‐based groups: nociceptive and neuropathic pain. This dichotomous approach is questioned and a dimensional perspective is suggested. The present study investigated neuropathic characteristics in different syndromes of chronic pain. We also examined the association of neuropathic characteristics with various pain related and psychological variables.MethodsFrom April 2010 to January 2012, 400 patients suffering from a chronic pain condition enrolled for multidisciplinary pain treatment were considered for inclusion in the study. Criteria for inclusion were age over 18 years and having chronic pain according to ICD‐10 (F45.41) criteria. The pain DETECT questionnaire was used to assess neuropathic characteristics of pain.ResultsThirty‐seven percent of patients with different pain diagnoses demonstrated distinct neuropathic characteristics. The diagnostic groups for neuropathic pain, musculoskeletal pain and post traumatic or surgical pain showed the most neuropathic features. The level of depression, pain chronicity and intensity, disability and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in patients suffering from neuropathic symptoms. A high level of depression and pain chronicity as well as high intensity of pain explained most of the variance in the neuropathic scores. Disability and length of hospital stay significantly predicted neuropathic characteristics only when examined separately, but not if included in a common regression model.ConclusionsAny type of chronic pain may have more or less neuropathic characteristics. The pain‐related parameters of high intensity and chronicity as well as negative affectivity and functional disability strongly correlate with neuropathic characteristics of pain.
Plasma surface modification of fibroporous polycarbonate urethane membrane by polydimethyl siloxane: Structural characterization, mechanical properties, andin vitrocytocompatibility evaluation
Authors: Arjun G. N. , Menon Girish , Ramesh P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article reports the surface modification of electrospun polycarbonate urethane membrane with polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) using plasma‐induced grafting technique for biomedical applications. The nonwoven membranes were characterized for their structure, performance, and compatibility with cells. The surface modification was confirmed by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). ATR‐FTIR and EDXA analyses displayed characteristic absorption peaks of PDMS for the membrane. The structure and morphology of the developed membranes were studied using scanning electron microscope and microcomputed tomography (µCT). Scanning electron microscopy and µCT revealed the fibrous morphology and percentage porosity of the membranes before and after plasma modification. Static mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength was greater than 8 MPa. Physical characterization of the membranes after immersion in hydrolytic and oxidative media supports their biostability. Cytotoxicity of the membrane was evaluated using L929 fibroblast cells, and the results indicated that the membrane is cytocompatible. Accordingly, these results highlight the potential of this fibrous membrane for biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 947–957, 2014.
In vivo response to an implanted shape memory polyurethane foam in a porcine aneurysm model
Authors: Rodriguez Jennifer N. , Clubb Fred J. , Wilson Thomas S. , Miller Matthew W. , Fossum Theresa W. , Hartman Jonathan , Tuzun Egemen , Singhal Pooja , Maitland Duncan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCerebral aneurysms treated by traditional endovascular methods using platinum coils have a tendency to be unstable, either due to chronic inflammation, compaction of coils, or growth of the aneurysm. We propose to use alternate filling methods for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms using polyurethane‐based shape memory polymer (SMP) foams. SMP polyurethane foams were surgically implanted in a porcine aneurysm model to determine biocompatibility, localized thrombogenicity, and their ability to serve as a stable filler material within an aneurysm. The degree of healing was evaluated via gross observation, histopathology, and low vacuum scanning electron microscopy imaging after 0, 30, and 90 days. Clotting was initiated within the SMP foam at time 0 (<1 h exposure to blood before euthanization), partial healing was observed at 30 days, and almost complete healing had occurred at 90 days in vivo, with minimal inflammatory response. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1231–1242, 2014.
Polarization of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Influence on osteoblast cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production
Authors: Cartmell S. H. , Thurstan S. , Gittings J. P. , Griffiths S. , Bowen C. R. , Turner I. G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractImprovements to clinically used biomaterials such as hydroxyapatite (HA) are of potential benefit to the patient. One modification, the addition of surface charges, has been shown to have an important role influencing cell response. In this study, porous HA scaffolds with both positive and negative surface charges were manufactured. The samples were sintered in air to produce porous HA ceramic scaffolds in the form of cylinders 12 mm in height × 7 mm in diameter. These were polarized with a dc voltage of 3 kV/cm. MC3T3E1 cells were placed on either negative or positive ends of the charged (or unpoled control) HA scaffolds. At 7 days, picogreen analysis was performed to analyze the cell number at the negative (4 mm), central (4 mm), and positive (4 mm) portions of the 12 mm cylindrical scaffold. At 4 weeks, micro‐CT analysis was performed to quantify the regional volume of mineralized matrix deposition on the 3D scaffold. At 7 days, there were significantly more cells present at the negative end of the scaffold when seeded from the negative end in comparison to the other samples tested. Micro‐CT data at 4 weeks correlated with this finding, demonstrating an increase in mineralized matrix at the negatively charged end of the scaffold seeded from the negative end in comparison to the positively charged and unpoled control scaffolds. The results indicate that the charge on HA influences cell activity and that this phenomenon can be translated to a clinically relevant porous scaffold structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1047–1052, 2014.