bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os estudantes de engenharia e as suas intenções empreendedoras
Authors: Vieira Filipa Dionísio , Rodrigues Cristina Santos 
Published: March 2014

No ambiente atual a promoção do empreendedorismo é uma oportunidade chave, e o ensino da engenharia tem reconhecido a sua relevância ao incluir nos seus currículos disciplinas básicas relacionadas com as áreas financeiras. Na situação econômica atual, fornecer ao futuro engenheiro conceitos e técnicas, que lhe permita passar do conhecimento para a ação, é indispensável para melhorar a compreensão do valor do empreendedorismo como uma alternativa de empregabilidade em detrimento de outras opções. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de apresentar os resultados preliminares da pesquisa ENGEmpreende desenvolvida para analisar as atitudes percebidas e os valores associados ao empreendedorismo por parte dos estudantes de engenharia. A amostra envolveu 387 estudantes dos cursos de engenharia da Universidade do Minho, em Portugal. Os estudantes de engenharia portugueses revelaram que têm uma boa opinião sobre o empreendedorismo. Este estudo também mostrou que a predisposição empreendedora dos estudantes inquiridos tem relações de dependência com o gênero, o conceito sobre empreendedorismo e o comportamento empreendedor. Os resultados sobre a imagem percebida do empresário sugerem que os estudantes reconhecem que o empreendedor tem uma imagem positiva na sociedade, mas têm dúvidas sobre o que é melhor: ser empresário ou ser um empregado numa grande empresa. Como barreiras, os estudantes de engenharia apresentam uma dificuldade em encontrar uma ideia de negócio ou como obter acesso a capitais de investimento através de empréstimos bancários. As capacidades e competências percebidas dos estudantes sugerem uma elevada adaptabilidade, confiança, confiança técnica e orientação para os resultados. Pretende-se com os resultados obtidos, por meio do questionário ENGEmpreende, contribuir para o tema de intenções empreendedoras de estudantes de engenharia, a fim de identificar as atitudes empreendedoras, predisposição para o autoemprego, imagem empresarial, obstáculos que interferem ao espírito empresarial, conhecimento sobre os riscos e confiança técnica.
Ecstasy use and serotonin syndrome: a neglected danger to adolescents and young adults prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Dobry Yuriy , Rice Timothy , Sher Leo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: At present, there are scarce clinical and basic lab data concerning the risk of acute serotonin toxicity from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) co-administration. The health care community can strongly benefit from efforts to address the high risks associated with serotonin syndrome from this specific drug combination.
Objective: The aim of this work is to review the risk of serotonin syndrome in adolescents and young adults prescribed with SSRIs and are concurrently using ecstasy.
Data sources: An electronic search of the major behavioral science bibliographic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Medline) was conducted to retrieve peer-reviewed articles, which detail the clinical characteristics, biological mechanisms and social implications of SSRIs, MDMA, and their potential synergism in causing serotonin syndrome in the pediatric and young adult population. Search terms included “serotonin syndrome”, “ecstasy”, “MDMA”, “pediatric”, and “SSRI”. Additional references were incorporated from the bibliographies of these retrieved articles.
Results: MDMA, in combination with the widely-prescribed SSRI antidepressant class, can lead to rapid, synergistic rise of serotonin (5-HT) concentration in the central nervous system, leading to the acute medical emergency known as serotonin syndrome. This review addresses such complication through an exploration of the theoretical mechanisms and clinical manifestations of this life-threatening pharmacological interaction.
Conclusion: The increasing incidences of recreational ecstasy use and SSRI pharmacotherapy among multiple psychiatric disorders in the adolescent population have made this an overlooked yet increasingly relevant danger, which poses a threat to public health. This can be curbed through further research, as well as greater health care provision and attention from a regulatory body owing.
Dating violence and suicidal behavior in adolescents
Authors: Holmes Kristin , Sher Leo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the possible consequences of adolescent physical, emotional and sexual dating violence through a review of the literature on the topic. An electronic search of major biomedical bibliographic databases (Pubmed, ISI, PsycINFO) was used to retrieve articles providing information on the prevalence rates, risk factors, associated consequences and possible preventive measures for adolescent dating violence across different populations. Currently, there have been few longitudinal studies conducted to identify potential risk factors for entering a violent dating relationship in adolescence. Risky behaviors such as early sexual intercourse may predispose someone for victimization. Dating violence itself is also a predictor of future dating violence. Adolescent dating violence was associated with an increase in other violence-related behaviors, substance use, depression, poorer educational outcomes, posttraumatic stress, unhealthy weight control and risky sexual behavior. The association between adolescent dating violence and an increase in suicidal behavior is a major public health concern. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies so that a causal relationship between dating violence and suicidality may be better understood.
Security analysis of Modified Rivest Scheme
Authors: Haridas Deepthi , Venkataraman Sarma , Varadan Geeta 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Modified Rivest Scheme (MRS) is an additive homomorphic
scheme recently used in many applications which demands third party processing of encrypted data. The present study carries out a comprehensive security analysis of MRS. We work out an attack from the category of known plaintext, chosen plaintext, chosen ciphertext where the adversary is having with him the pair of plaintext and its corresponding ciphertext. It is demonstrated that in such a scenario the adversary can compute the private key of the legitimate node causing threat to the security of the entire system. The novelty of the present study lies in the fact that any attack from the above mentioned category could be mounted on MRS (which is not being attacked so far), irrespective of the fact whether the modulus of the underlying MRS is kept private or made public.
Electrochromic and unique chiroptical properties of helically deformed tetraarylquinodimethanes generated from less-hindered dicationic precursors upon reduction
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Sakano Yuto , Iwai Tomohiro , Iwashita Shinichi , Miura Youhei , Katoono Ryo , Kawai Hidetoshi , Fujiwara Kenshu , Tsuji Yasushi , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectron-donating 1,1,4,4-tetraarylbutadiene is a representative electrochromic dye, and the same chromophore can be found in 9,10-bis(diarylmethylene)-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (dibenzo-oQD) albeit in a fixed s-cis geometry. Unlike thermodynamically unstable 7,7,8,8-tetraaryl-o-quinodimethane, spontaneous electrocyclization is prohibited by dibenzo-annulation. Several derivatives of dibenzo-oQD were successfully generated despite highly strained geometry caused by steric hindrance between the bulky diarylmethylene units. Their precursors are phenanthrene-9,10-diyl bis(diarylmethylium) dyes (PDM2+) stabilized by four electron-donating alkoxy groups. The redox pairs of dibenzo-oQD/PDM2+ exhibit vivid change in color upon redox interconversion (electrochromism). Both dibenzo-oQD and PDM2+ adopt a helical conformation, whose configuration is unstable. When a chiral alkoxy substituent is attached on each of the aryl groups, the point chirality is successfully transmitted to helicity of PDM2+. Resulting diastereomeric biasing is the key for dibenzo-oQD/PDM2+ to exhibit the two-way-output response (e.g., UV–vis and CD). In addition, much more strained quinodimethane derivatives, 1,2-bis(diarylmethylene)acenaphthene and 1,16-diaryldibenzo[b,n]perylene, were also generated from the dicationic precursors, demonstrating that the reductive transformation can serve as a useful protocol to generate severely deformed π-conjugated systems.
Synthesis, properties, and performance of nanostructured metal oxides for supercapacitors
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Holze Rudolf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBeyond activated carbon and other forms of high-surface area carbon operating solely as double layer storage materials in capacitors of high capacitance commonly somewhat imprecisely called supercapacitors other electrode materials storing electric charge by reversible and fast superficial redox processes are studied as active masses. The resulting devices combining double layer and Faradaic process-based charge storage – commonly called hybrid ones – show significantly higher capacitances at only marginally diminished power capability. Among the suggested materials metal oxides feature most prominently. Their formation, characterization and properties together with the performance of prepared devices are reviewed here.
Assessment of international reference materials for isotope-ratio analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Brand Willi A. , Coplen Tyler B. , Vogl Jochen , Rosner Martin , Prohaska Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSince the early 1950s, the number of international measurement standards for anchoring stable isotope delta scales has mushroomed from 3 to more than 30, expanding to more than 25 chemical elements. With the development of new instrumentation, along with new and improved measurement procedures for studying naturally occurring isotopic abundance variations in natural and technical samples, the number of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials with a specified delta value has blossomed in the last six decades to more than 150 materials. More than half of these isotopic reference materials were produced for isotope-delta measurements of seven elements: H, Li, B, C, N, O, and S. The number of isotopic reference materials for other, heavier elements has grown considerably over the last decade. Nevertheless, even primary international measurement standards for isotope-delta measurements are still needed for some elements, including Mg, Fe, Te, Sb, Mo, and Ge. It is recommended that authors publish the delta values of internationally distributed, secondary isotopic reference materials that were used for anchoring their measurement results to the respective primary stable isotope scale.
Supramolecular control of electronic properties in aromatic materials
Authors: Chen Yan-Fang , Dubacheva Galina V. , Tseng Kuo-Pi , Raffy Guillaume , Guerzo André Del , Hirsch Lionel , Shyue Jing-Jong , Wong Ken-Tsung , Bassani Dario M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe use of supramolecular interactions for controlling the electronic and photophysical properties of organic π-conjugated materials is described. This leads to materials presenting unique properties, such as light-induced switching of polarization (photopolism), or the spontaneous formation of highly luminescent vesicles. In another approach, reversible covalent bonds are used to prepare densely packed fullerene monolayers whose conductivity could be probed using conducting AFM.
Soybean hulls residue adsorbent for rapid removal of lead ions
Authors: Wei Xuling , Li Hui-Ru , Wang Li , He Yu-Feng , Wang Rong-Min 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSoybean hulls residue (SHR) is a kind of typical biocompatible and edible natural polymer with containing cellulose, glycoprotein and lignin. In this paper, SHR is extracted by simple method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, elemental and XPS analysis. Then, this natural polymer adsorbent is applied to remove Pb(II), and main factors on Pb(II) removal by SHR are investigated in details, such as initial concentration of lead, pH value, SHR dosage, oscillating time and temperature. It shows that the removal rate of Pb(II) quickly increases more than 90% within the first 5 min, and the removal rate get to 99% within 20 min. The isotherm, kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters are applied to test the experimental data, respectively. It indicates that Pb(II) adsorption on SHR is an endothermic and spontaneous process. The adsorption mechanism has also been investigated. In summary, SHR exhibits excellent adsorption ability for removing Pb(II), which could be used as a fast edible antidote in emergency, especially in cases of mass poisoning by lead.
Metal-catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles bearing a trifluoromethyl group
Authors: Sodeoka Mikiko , Egami Hiromichi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl group has unique functional properties and is widely used not only in organic chemistry, but also in pharmaceutical and agrochemical science. Here we describe trifluoromethylation reactions of indoles and alkenes using Togni’s reagent. These reactions provide useful trifluoromethylated organic compounds, including heterocycles, with high efficiency.
Synthesis of tetraazatetracenes and -pentacenes: role of the substituents for their stability
Authors: Märken Michaela , Lindner Benjamin D. , Appleton Anthony L. , Rominger Frank , Bunz Uwe H.F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a series of novel tetraazaacene derivatives and compare their stability with respect to size, oxidation potential and position of the TIPS-ethynyl groups. The latter has the most pronounced effects on the stability. In case of azatetracenes where TIPS-alkynes are either attached laterally or in theperi-positions, the former ones dimerized while the latter are stable. Attempts to expand this concept to the corresponding tetrakis-peri-substituted heptacenes led to the isolation of the dimerized butterfly product.
Synthetic and structural considerations on highly curved bowl-shaped fragments of fullerenes
Authors: Wu Yao-Ting , Wu Tsun-Cheng , Chen Min-Kuan , Hsin Hsin-Ju 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNumerous highly curved fragments of C60 and unique subunits of C70 were synthesized under mild conditions using metal-catalyzed protocols. According to X-ray crystallographic analyses, highly curved fragments of C60 have a maximum π-orbital axis vector (POAV) pyramidalization angle of up to 12.9 °, whereas distinctive fragments of C70, analogous to the tube portion of the rugby-shaped buckyball, are less curved. Among the eight buckybowls studied herein, five form polar crystals. Depending on the molecular geometry, the inversion dynamics of buckybowls involves either a planar or an S-shaped (non-planar) transition structure.
Nanomaterials engineering and applications in catalysis
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Yin Yadong 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis utilizing metal particles plays an essential role in the industrial applications. Design and fabrication of highly active catalysts in an efficient and cost-effective way is thus an important topic. The emergence of nanotechnology provides an excellent opportunity for developing new catalysts. In this critical review, we present our efforts and perspective on the recent advances in engineering nanomaterials for catalysis, including synthesis, stabilization, and catalytic applications of nanoparticles. We first briefly summarize the advanced colloidal synthesis of metal nanoparticles using Ag nanoplates as the model system, and then discuss the strategies for stabilization of metal nanoparticles using both chemical and physical approaches. And finally, for practical applications, we have designed and synthesized a highly efficient, stable, and cost-effective TiO2-based photocatalyst by combining both non-metal doping and noble metal decoration.
Emulsion-templated macroporous polymer/polymer composites with switchable stiffness
Authors: Jiang Qixiang , Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Emulsion templates containing monomers in both emulsion phases were used to manufacture polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene based polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) which have been reinforced by poly(methacrylic acid) (polyMAA) and poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). The morphology of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs is affected by the hydrogels synthesized in the aqueous emulsion phase. The pore structure of polyMAA-filled polyHIPEs is highly interconnected indicating the formation of a methacrylic acid-co-styrene copolymer at the oil/water interface of the emulsion templates during synthesis. However, polyDMAEMA-filled polyHIPEs are predominately closed celled and the pore walls are covered by grafted hydrogel. The ability of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs to absorb water decreased with increasing crosslinking density of the hydrogels. The dry hydrogel reinforced the polyHIPE scaffolds possessed higher elastic moduli and crush strengths than the control polyHIPEs. The reinforcing ability of the dry hydrogels was further enhanced by increasing their degree of crosslinking. However, the reinforcement could be “switched off” simply by hydrating the hydrogels. The switchable mechanical properties of the hydrogel-filled polyHIPEs could potentially be utilized in smart humidity sensor technology.
Reentrant condensation, liquid–liquid phase separation and crystallization in protein solutions induced by multivalent metal ions
Authors: Zhang Fajun , Roosen-Runge Felix , Sauter Andrea , Wolf Marcell , Jacobs Robert M. J. , Schreiber Frank 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We briefly summarize the recent progress in tuning protein interactions as well as phase behavior in protein solutions using multivalent metal ions. We focus on the influence of control parameters and the mechanism of reentrant condensation, the metastable liquid–liquid phase separation and classical vs. non-classical pathways of protein crystallization.
Cobalt-catalyzed directed alkylation of arenes with primary and secondary alkyl halides
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Gao Ke 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A cobalt–N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst allows ortho-alkylation of aromatic imines with unactivated primary and secondary alkyl chlorides and bromides under room-temperature conditions. The scope of the reaction encompasses or complements that of cobalt-catalyzed ortho-alkylation reactions with olefins as alkylating agents that we developed previously. Stereochemical outcomes of secondary alkylation reactions suggest that the reaction involves single-electron transfer from a cobalt species to the alkyl halide to generate the corresponding alkyl radical. A cycloalkylated product obtained by this method can be transformed into unique spirocycles through manipulation of the directing group and the cycloalkyl groups.
Challenges to large molecular encapsulation
Authors: Fujita Daishi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
One-to-one capture and confinement of a molecule within a finely designed synthetic scaffold is a highly topical field of research that aims to control the functions, properties, and stabilities of trapped molecules. In this account, a brief history of molecular encapsulation, for the design and synthesis of suitable molecular cages for large molecules, summarizes the daunting synthetic challenge associated with increasing molecular weight, and the attendant challenge to encapsulate macromolecules like proteins by synthetic hosts. Recent approaches toward the overall objective of large molecular encapsulation are discussed, and a personal account is given of the design and assembly of an advanced scaffolding system, which offers the promise of unprecedented progress toward this goal.
Thiolate-protected Au38(SR)24 nanocluster: size-focusing synthesis, structure determination, intrinsic chirality, and beyond
Authors: Qian Huifeng 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters with core diameters smaller than 2 nm have captured considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse applications ranging from biological labeling to photovoltaics and catalysis. This new class of nanomaterials exhibits discrete electronic structure and molecular-like properties, such as HOMO-LUMO electronic transition, intrinsic magnetism, chiroptical properties, and enhanced catalytic properties. This review focuses on the research into thiolate-protected Au38(SR)24 – one of the most representative nanoclusters, including its identification, size-focusing synthesis, structure determination, and intrinsic chirality. The properties of two size-adjacent Au nanoclusters [Au40(SR)24 and Au36(SR)24] are also discussed. The experimental and theoretical methodologies developed in studies of the Au38(SR)24 model nanocluster open up new opportunities in the synthesis and properties investigation of other atomically precise Au
n
(SR)
m
nanoclusters.
Hybrid material design for energy applications: impact of graphene and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Hailiang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article reviews the origin and progress of inorganic/nanocarbon hybrid material research in my Ph.D. career. Building chemical bonds between inorganic active materials and nanocarbon substrates is the key to controlled hybrid material synthesis that allows for controlling the size and morphology of the materials and enhancing electron transport within the electrodes. Our inorganic/nanocarbon hybrid materials manifest superior electrochemical performance for asymmetrical supercapacitors, ultrafast nickel-iron batteries, lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been utilized to characterize the chemical bonding and charge transfer at the interface of inorganic nanocrystals and nanocarbon substrates. Probing the physical and chemical states of the hybrid materials under electrochemical reaction conditions is an important future direction in this area.
Enthalpies of solution, limiting solubilities, and partial molar heat capacities of n-alcohols in water and in trehalose crowded media
Authors: Bai Guangyue , Nunes Sandra C.C. , Rocha Marisa A.A. , Santos Luís M.N.B.F. , Eusébio M. Ermelinda S. , Moreno M. João , Bastos Margarida 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The enthalpies of solution of alcohols were determined by calorimetry in HEPES and (HEPES + trehalose) at 298.15 K. The used methodology and experiment’s design allowed us to extract from a single titration experiment the enthalpy of solution (Δsol
H
m), the limiting solubility of the alcohol in each aqueous media, and an estimation of the enthalpy of solution of water in the alcohol phase. From these values the changes in Gibbs energy (Δsol
G
m) and in entropy (Δsol
S
m) of solution were derived. A decrease in solubility for 1-butanol and 1-pentanol in the crowded media (HEPES + trehalose) was observed which is driven by a significant decrease in the favorable enthalpy of solution. The partial molar heat capacity, in each media was determined in our heat capacity drop calorimeter, also at 298.15 K. A significant decrease of the partial molar heat capacity was observed for both alcohols in (HEPES + trehalose), which together with the obtained decrease in favorable Δsol
H
m, is consistent with a decrease in hydrophobic solvation, as a result of a decrease in free solvent availability induced by the trehalose. Finally, we tentatively predict that in the aqueous media of the crowded solutions that characterize cells and biological fluids, solutes with low aqueous solubility will be more soluble, whereas the solubility of highly polar solutes will be reduced.