bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Humans and Machines
Authors: Elif Biber Sümeyye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the EU, judges have recently provided more precise interpretations of automated decision-making (ADM) practices through their judicial rulings. Prominent instances of ADM practices such as fraud detection, teacher placement, credit scoring, and dismissing workers offer valuable insights into how judges interpret these practices. This chapter aims to systematize these practices and explores the role of judicial interpretation in defining these activities and involvement of humans in decision-making processes. The chapter is divided into three sections focusing on machines, humans, and courts. It begins by exploring the concrete uses of ADM in the EU (‘machines’). From there, it delves into how these systems are currently being utilized by taking into account two official reports published by the EU institutions. The research then identifies the socio-technical quality of ADM practices and argues how this quality necessitates meaningful human participation in decision-making processes. The chapter then examines the human-centric provisions of the relevant EU legal instruments surrounding ADM systems and targeting human participation (‘humans’). Finally, it examines four judicial cases which surfaced public and private contexts in the Netherlands, Italy, and Germany (‘courts’). In conclusion, the chapter identifies three key dimensions of judicial interpretation regarding ADM practices: (i) epistemic; (ii) substantial, encompassing socio-technical and legal dimensions; and (iii) methodological. It argues that these dynamics prove the pivotal role of judicial interpretation in comprehending the technical aspects of automation and ensuring meaningful human participation in decision-making processes.
Freedom of Political Speech Lost in Translation?
Authors: Wrigley Sam , Hiltunen Miikka , Leino-Sandberg Päivi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As technology has developed so too have the concerns about that technology. If political advertisements have the potential to change our political beliefs and opinions this will have an inevitable consequence for our democratic society. The need to regulate online targeted political advertising has surfaced frequently during the past years. In the EU, legal regulation frames the phenomenon in at least four different ways. This chapter compares regulation focusing on the protection of personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation; economic digital spaces under the Digital Services Act; the freedom of expression and information under the Charter of Fundamental Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights; and finally, regulation which looks at political advertising per se under the Union’s new Political Advertising Regulation. The chapter then considers the effects that the different framing has on emphasis or enforcement priorities. The chapter argues that evidencing the harm created by online targeted political advertising may be harder than initially assumed.
The Interplay Between Lawfulness and Explainability in the Automated Decision-Making of EU Administration
Authors: Liga Davide 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter has two main goals: it explores the nature of explainability in the attempt to clarify the ambiguous use of this concept and how eXplainable AI (XAI) methods fit into this concept; and it describes the legal framework which currently regulates the explainability of automated decisions in the context of European administration, showing to what extent a selection of famous XAI methods meets the requirements of such a legal framework. While showing how XAI methods can be crucial in meeting these requirements, we point out that holistic information from multiple XAI approaches should be preferred over relying on individual XAI techniques.
Conclusion
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This final chapter considers the implications and consequences of Islamic State’s (IS) intra-gender stratified governance in light of the territorial collapse of its ‘caliphate’. While scholars and policymakers continue to investigate the membership and roles of pro-IS women, the voices and concerns of local civilian women continue to be overlooked as vital evidence of the group’s activities, and as realities of conflict that need to be addressed and reconciled in recovery efforts. The narratives of diverse civilian women interviewed for this study provide not only new data, but also new perspectives from which to analyse rebel governance, conflict, and insecurity. They deconstruct the monolithic category of ‘woman’ in IS’s documentation, instead revealing that the stratification of women was integral to the functioning and legitimation of IS’s ‘caliphate’ project, the consequences of which continue to pose significant challenges in the post-occupation context.
Material Masquerade: Porcelain, Sugar, and Race on the Eighteenth-Century French Dining Table
Authors: Caticha Alicia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the advent of biscuit porcelain at the Sèvres Royal Porcelain Manufactory in the 1750s, French porcelain at last achieved an ideal whiteness that could compete with foreign wares. Unexpected, however, was how this new material could replace the ephemeral sugar sculptures that transformed aristocratic dining tables into lavish multi-media assemblages. But replace, porcelain did not. Instead, the artificial whitening of both porcelain and sugar allowed the resulting figures to intermingle, playfully masquerading as each other while simultaneously erasing and displacing material histories linked to colonial expansion and emerging ideas of race. Taking up the ethos of the masquerade ball, whitening became the critical act through which these materials were ‘Frenchified’, moving carnivalesque early modern dining traditions into the age of colonialism.
Bernini’s Braids and the Intimacies of Stone
Authors: Lloyd Karen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini’s terrorised nudes, Proserpina (1621–1622) and Daphne (1623–1625), each have a single ornament: a braid. Emerging from masses of hair, their braids twist and unravel, wind and bind. As seemingly ordinary signifiers of femininity, they have gone unremarked, yet they are hermeneutically dense. In their form, braids evoke the relationship between surface and depth that defines sculptural creation. Their channelled fluidity is a challenge to the firmness of stone, one that evokes early modern ideas of the natural origins of marble and the discourse of the paragone. Teased from women’s hair, braids invoke issues of desire, violence and decorum. Bernini’s braids attest to a sensual understanding of the matter of marble that is frequently elided in favour of a dematerialised or spiritualised vision of the sculptor. This essay examines Bernini’s braids as a performance of mastery over marble that does not lose sight of its significance as stone.
SPIDER: constructing cell-type-specific protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Kupershmidt Yael , Kasif Simon , Sharan Roded 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in the buildup of cellular machinery and provide the skeleton for cellular signaling. However, these biochemical roles are context dependent and interactions may change across cell type, time, and space. In contrast, PPI detection assays are run in a single condition that may not even be an endogenous condition of the organism, resulting in static networks that do not reflect full cellular complexity. Thus, there is a need for computational methods to predict cell-type-specific interactions.

Results
Here we present SPIDER (Supervised Protein Interaction DEtectoR), a graph attention-based model for predicting cell-type-specific PPI networks. In contrast to previous attempts at this problem, which were unsupervised in nature, our model’s training is guided by experimentally measured cell-type-specific networks, enhancing its performance. We evaluate our method using experimental data of cell-type-specific networks from both humans and mice, and show that it outperforms current approaches by a large margin. We further demonstrate the ability of our method to generalize the predictions to datasets of tissues lacking prior PPI experimental data. We leverage the networks predicted by the model to facilitate the identification of tissue-specific disease genes.

Availability and implementation
Our code and data are available at https://github.com/Kuper994/SPIDER.
Transnational queer cultures and digital media: an introduction
Authors: Bayramoğlu Yener , Szulc Łukasz , Gajjala Radhika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Queer cultures have long been transnational and in times of rapid technological advancements, large migration flows, and intense cross-cultural exchanges, queer connections are evolving in new forms and meanings. These developments occur at the intersection of various intertwined geopolitical scales: urban, regional, national, continental, and global, as well as physical and digital. This introduction synthesizes various theoretical and methodological discussions to highlight the ambivalences of contemporary queer cultures, focusing on their intrinsic transnational and digital conditions. The authors contributing to this issue demonstrate that understanding queer cultures in the digital age requires examining the roles of various actors, including big tech employees, online platform volunteers, queer influencers, audiences, and migrants. They also highlight how queer digital cultures transcend national borders and challenge oppositional binaries, such as local vs. global and the West vs. the Rest, all while maintaining a critical perspective on the ambivalences of digitality.
A simple approach to produce 34 mM hydrogen peroxide utilizing carbon nitride photocatalysts
Authors: Kominami Hiroshi , Yamashita Ryuki , Liu Xiangru , Tanaka Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by photocatalytic reduction of oxygen (O2) has attracted considerable attention as a more efficient and cleaner method than traditional methods for synthesizing H2O2. Carbon nitride (C3N4) is a suitable photocatalyst for H2O2 production under solar light due to its band gap. The objective of this study was to achieve rapid production and high concentration of H2O2 over a C3N4 photocatalyst through the strategy of increasing the H2O2 production rate and decreasing the H2O2 decomposition rate. The results showed that 34 mM H2O2 was produced by photocatalytic reactions in an alcohol at slightly elevated temperatures under visible light irradiation. To gain a deeper understanding of the rapid production and high concentration of H2O2, various parameters were investigated.
Machine learning for identification of short-term all-cause and cardiovascular deaths among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Xu Xiao , Xu Zhiyuan , Ma Tiantian , Li Shaomei , Pei Huayi , Zhao Jinghong , Zhang Ying , Xiong Zibo , Liao Yumei , Li Ying , Lin Qiongzhen , Hu Wenbo , Li Yulin , Zheng Zhaoxia , Duan Liping , Fu Gang , Guo Shanshan , Zhang Beiru , Yu Rui , Sun Fuyun , Ma Xiaoying , Hao Li , Liu Guiling , Zhao Zhanzheng , Xiao Jing , Shen Yulan , Zhang Yong , Du Xuanyi , Ji Tianrong , Wang Caili , Deng Lirong , Yue Yingli , Chen Shanshan , Ma Zhigang , Li Yingping , Zuo Li , Zhao Huiping , Zhang Xianchao , Wang Xuejian , Liu Yirong , Gao Xinying , Chen Xiaoli , Li Hongyi , Du Shutong , Zhao Cui , Xu Zhonggao , Zhang Li , Chen Hongyu , Li Li , Wang Lihua , Yan Yan , Ma Yingchun , Wei Yuanyuan , Zhou Jingwei , Li Yan , Dong Jie , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang ,   the PDTAP Working Group, Ma Tiantian , Li Shaomei , Zhao Jinghong , Xiong Zibo , Li Ying , Hu Wenbo , Zheng Zhaoxia , Fu Gang , Zhang Beiru , Sun Fuyun , Hao Li , Zhao Zhanzheng , Shen Yulan , Du Xuanyi , Wang Caili , Yue Yingli , Ma Zhigang , Zuo Li , Zhang Xianchao , Liu Yirong , Chen Xiaoli , Du Shutong , Xu Zhonggao , Chen Hongyu , Wang Lihua , Ma Yingchun , Zhou Jingwei , Pei Huayi , Zhang Ying , Liao Yumei , Lin Qiongzhen , Li Yulin , Duan Liping , Guo Shanshan , Yu Rui , Ma Xiaoying , Liu Guiling , Xiao Jing , Zhang Yong , Ji Tianrong , Deng Lirong , Chen Shanshan , Li Yingping , Zhao Huiping , Wang Xuejian , Gao Xinying , Li Hongyi , Zhao Cui , Zhang Li , Li Li , Yan Yan , Wei Yuanyuan , Li Yan , He Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Although more and more cardiovascular risk factors have been verified in peritoneal dialysis (PD) populations in different countries and regions, it is still difficult for clinicians to accurately and individually predict death in the near future. We aimed to develop and validate machine learning-based models to predict near-term all-cause and cardiovascular death. Machine learning models were developed among 7539 PD patients, which were randomly divided into a training set and an internal test set by five random shuffles of 5-fold cross-validation, to predict the cardiovascular death and all-cause death in 3 months. We chose objectively collected markers such as patient demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and dialysis-related variables to inform the models and assessed the predictive performance using a range of common performance metrics, such as sensitivity, positive predictive values, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), and the area under the precision recall curve. In the test set, the CVDformer models had a AUROC of 0.8767 (0.8129, 0.9045) and 0.9026 (0.8404, 0.9352) and area under the precision recall curve of 0.9338 (0.8134,0.9453) and 0.9073 (0.8412, 0.9164) in predicting near-term all-cause death and cardiovascular death, respectively. The CVDformer models had high sensitivity and positive predictive values for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular deaths in 3 months in our PD population. Further calibration is warranted in the future.
Eicosatetraynoic Acid Regulates Profibrotic Pathways in an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Macrophage-Human Intestinal Organoid Model of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Jurickova Ingrid , Dreskin Benjamin W , Angerman Elizabeth , Bonkowski Erin , Nguyen Jack , Villarreal Richard , Tominaga Kentaro , Iwasawa Kentaro , Braun Tzipi , Takebe Takanori , Helmrath Michael A , Haberman Yael , Wells James M , Denson Lee A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
We previously identified small molecules predicted to reverse an ileal gene signature for future Crohn’s Disease (CD) strictures. Here we used a new human intestinal organoid (HIO) model system containing macrophages to test a lead candidate, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA).

Methods
Induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSC) were derived from CD patients and differentiated into macrophages and HIOs. Macrophages and macrophage-HIO cocultures were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without ETYA pretreatment. Cytospin and flow cytometry characterized macrophage morphology and activation markers, and RNA sequencing defined the global pattern of macrophage gene expression. TaqMan low-density array, Luminex multiplex assay, immunohistologic staining, and sirius red polarized light microscopy were performed to measure macrophage cytokine production and HIO profibrotic gene expression and collagen content.

Results
Induced PSC-derived macrophages exhibited morphology similar to primary macrophages and expressed inflammatory macrophage cell surface markers including CD64 and CD68. LPS-stimulated macrophages expressed a global pattern of gene expression enriched in CD ileal inflammatory macrophages and matrisome-secreted products and produced cytokines and chemokines including CCL2, IL1B, and OSM implicated in refractory disease. ETYA suppressed CD64 abundance and profibrotic gene expression pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Coculture of LPS-primed macrophages with HIO led to upregulation of fibroblast activation genes including ACTA2 and COL1A1, and an increase in HIO collagen content. ETYA pretreatment prevented profibrotic effects of LPS-primed macrophages.

Conclusions
ETYA inhibits profibrotic effects of LPS-primed macrophages upon cocultured HIO. This model may be used in future untargeted screens for small molecules to treat refractory CD.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy: role of cardiac magnetic resonance for the diagnosis and follow-up of a very rare entity—a case report
Authors: Cobarro Gálvez Lucía , Valbuena-López Silvia , Prieto Moriche Elsa , Ruiz Bravo-Burguillos Elena , Pérez David Esther 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a disease-modifying antirheumatic used in rheumatological diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Long-term exposure to HCQ results in drug accumulation and predisposes to adverse effects.

Case summary
We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with long-term treatment with HCQ who presented to the Emergency Department with acute heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram, previously normal, showed severe biventricular hypertrophy and biventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed the previous findings and showed elevated native T1 and T2 values, elevated extracellular volume, and extensive mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Infiltrative cardiomyopathy was suspected, and endomyocardial biopsy performed. Light microscopy showed myocyte hypertrophy and vacuolar change and absence of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates. The diagnosis of HCQ-induced cardiomyopathy was established, and the drug was withdrawn. A CMR performed 1 year later showed normal systolic function of both ventricles and normalization of T2 values, reflecting resolution of myocardial oedema. However, severe hypertrophy, elevated native T1 values, and LGE persisted.

Discussion
Our case shows that although discontinuation of the drug stops the progression of the disease, established myocardial structural damage persists. Early diagnosis of this entity is therefore essential to improve prognosis.
Reference values of strain-derived myocardial work indices in heart transplant patients
Authors: Mandoli G E , Landra F , Tanzi L , Martini L , Fusi C , Sciaccaluga C , Diviggiano E E , Barilli M , Pastore M C , Focardi M , Bernazzali S , Maccherini M , Cameli M , Henein M Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial work (MW) is a relatively novel non-invasive echocardiographic method with increasing fields of application. Normal reference ranges of MW indices in patients who have undergone a heart transplant (HTx) have not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to obtain the reference ranges for 2D echocardiographic indices of MW for adult HTx patients and to compare them with the results of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study.

Methods and results
All consecutive HTx patients admitted at our institution (University Hospital of Siena, Italy) between September 2019 and May 2022 who underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) were considered. Patients with a history of rejection, a history of coronary artery vasculopathy, either acute cellular rejection or acute antibody-mediated rejection at EMB, and donor-specific antibodies were excluded. MW retrospectively performed for the included patients was retrieved, and the results were compared with those from the EACVI NORRE study. Out of 176 HTx patients who underwent EMB, 94 patients were excluded. The study population consisted of 82 HTx patients [68.3% male, median age 53 (46–62) years]. The median duration from HTx was 5 (2–22) months. The main MW indices such as global work efficiency (GWE, 84 ± 8%), global work index (GWI, 1447 ± 409 mmHg%), global constructive work (GCW, 2067 ± 423 mmHg%), and global wasted work [GWW, 310 (217–499) mmHg%] did not differ according to gender. Each of these indices significantly differed from those reported in the EACVI NORRE study (P-value &lt;0.001), with lower GWI, GCW, and GWE and higher GWW values in the HTx population.

Conclusion
This study provides reference ranges for MW indices in an adult HTx population free from transplant-related complications which proved to be different from those previously reported in healthy volunteers.
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement
Authors: Koskinas Konstantinos C , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M , Antoniades Charalambos , Blüher Matthias , Gorter Thomas M , Hanssen Henner , Marx Nikolaus , McDonagh Theresa A , Mingrone Geltrude , Rosengren Annika , Prescott Eva B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past four decades, currently affecting more than a billion individuals. Beyond its recognition as a high-risk condition that is causally linked to many chronic illnesses, obesity has been declared a disease per se that results in impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Notably, two-thirds of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease. Despite the increasingly appreciated link between obesity and a broad range of cardiovascular disease manifestations including atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, thromboembolic disease, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, obesity has been underrecognized and sub-optimally addressed compared with other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In the view of major repercussions of the obesity epidemic on public health, attention has focused on population-based and personalized approaches to prevent excess weight gain and maintain a healthy body weight from early childhood and throughout adult life, as well as on comprehensive weight loss interventions for persons with established obesity. This clinical consensus statement by the European Society of Cardiology discusses current evidence on the epidemiology and aetiology of obesity; the interplay between obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac conditions; the clinical management of patients with cardiac disease and obesity; and weight loss strategies including lifestyle changes, interventional procedures, and anti-obesity medications with particular focus on their impact on cardiometabolic risk and cardiac outcomes. The document aims to raise awareness on obesity as a major risk factor and provide guidance for implementing evidence-based practices for its prevention and optimal management within the context of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.
Asymptotically exact fit for linear mixed model in genetic association studies
Authors: Guan Yongtao , Levy Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The linear mixed model (LMM) has become a standard in genetic association studies to account for population stratification and relatedness in the samples to reduce false positives. Much recent progresses in LMM focused on approximate computations. Exact methods remained computationally demanding and without theoretical assurance. The computation is particularly challenging for multiomics studies where tens of thousands of phenotypes are tested for association with millions of genetic markers. We present IDUL and IDUL† that use iterative dispersion updates to fit LMMs, where IDUL† is a modified version of IDUL that guarantees likelihood increase between updates. Practically, IDUL and IDUL† produced identical results, both are markedly more efficient than the state-of-the-art Newton–Raphson method, and in particular, both are highly efficient for additional phenotypes, making them ideal to study genetic determinants of multiomics phenotypes. Theoretically, the LMM likelihood is asymptotically unimodal, and therefore the gradient ascent algorithm IDUL† is asymptotically exact. A software package implementing IDUL and IDUL† for genetic association studies is freely available at https://github.com/haplotype/IDUL.