bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting Indigenous Australians' refractive error and presbyopia
Authors: Anjou Mitchell D , Boudville Andrea I , Taylor Hugh R 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis paper aims to identify the barriers and solutions for refractive error and presbyopia vision correction for Indigenous Australians.DesignA qualitative study, using semistructured interviews, focus groups, stakeholder workshops and consultation, conducted in community, private practice, hospital, non‐government organization and government settings.ParticipantsFive hundred and thirty‐one people participated in consultations.MethodsData were collected at 21 sites across Australia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 289 people working in Indigenous health and eye care sectors; focus group discussions with 81 community members; stakeholder workshops involving 86 individuals; and separate meetings with 75 people. Barriers were identified through thematic analysis and policy solutions developed through iterative consultation.Main Outcome MeasuresBarriers and solutions to remedy Indigenous Australians' uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia.ResultsIndigenous Australians' uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia can be eliminated through improvement of primary care identification and referral of people with poor vision, increased availability of optometry services in Aboriginal Health Services, introduction of a nationally consistent Indigenous subsidized spectacle scheme and proper coordination, promotion and monitoring of these services.ConclusionsThe refractive error and presbyopia correction needs of Indigenous Australians are immediately treatable by the simple provision of glasses. The workforce capacity exists to provide the eye exams to prescribe glasses and the cost is modest. What is required is identification of patients with refractive needs within community, referral to accessible optometry services, a good supply system for appropriate and affordable glasses and the coordination and integration of this service within a broader eye care system.
Clinical advantages of a metal stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve in malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Lee Kyong Joo , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Lee Don Haeng , Jung Suk , Bang Byoung Wook , Park Seung Woo , Chung Jae Bock , Song Si Young , Bang Seungmin 
Published: September 2012

Background and AimTranspapillary stent insertion is the standard treatment for palliating malignant biliary obstruction. However, luminal occlusion often occurs due to sludge formation, tumor ingrowth, or tumor overgrowth. Currently, influx of duodenal contents by duodenobiliary reflux is considered a mechanism of stent obstruction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a metal stent with an anti‐reflux valve in distal malignant biliary obstruction.MethodsThirty‐two patients diagnosed with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction were enrolled. This trial was conducted at two tertiary hospitals in Korea from June 2009 to June 2011. An uncovered metal stent (M.I.Tech) with an S‐type anti‐reflux valve was placed.ResultsA total of 32 patients were enrolled. The technical success rate of stent insertion was 100%. The median duration of stent patency was 14.4 months. Stent occlusion occurred in 11 cases, which was caused by sludge formation in six cases, tumor ingrowth in four cases, and migration of the stent membrane in one case. During the follow‐up period, there were no episodes of ascending cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, or bleeding.ConclusionsThe new metal stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve demonstrated a relatively long duration of stent patency. This was attributable to reductions in duodenobiliary reflux by the anti‐reflux valve. Also, the stent with an S‐shaped anti‐reflux valve is technically feasible and very safe. However, further prospective, randomized comparison studies of stents with anti‐reflux valves and conventional stents are needed to evaluate the duration of stent patency.
Epigenetic inactivation of BRCA1 through promoter hypermethylation in ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Wang Yan‐Qiu , Yan Qin , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Li Shuang‐Di , Yang Yi‐Xia , Wan Xiao‐Ping 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  The BRCA1 promoter is hypermethylated in ovarian cancer patients. We postulated that this hypermethylation might be involved in ovarian cancer progression.Methods:  To confirm our hypothesis, tissue and serum samples were collected from ovarian carcinoma patients and categorized according to tumor stage. Healthy or benign ovarian disease tissue samples and corresponding serum samples were used as controls. Breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) promoter methylation levels were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Real‐time PCR was also used to evaluate BRCA1 gene expression, and Western blot was performed to assay the expression of BRCA1 protein.Results:  BRCA1 showed hypomethylation in 30 normal ovarian and 30 benign ovarian tumors, but showed hypermethylation or methylation in ovarian cancer patients. There was also a significant difference in the BRCA1 promoter methylation levels between different ovarian cancer stages. Compared to stage I and the control groups, there were higher BRCA1 promoter methylation frequencies in stage II and III ovarian cancers. BRCA1 methylation correlated with the loss of BRCA1 expression. BRCA1 promoter in stage I tumors showed hypomethylated.Conclusion:  Promoter hypermethylation may act as a biomarker for sporadic ovarian cancer progression, but is unlikely to be helpful in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies
Authors: Shiozaki Arihiro , Matsuda Yoshio , Satoh Shoji , Saito Shigeru 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  To demonstrate the difference between risk factors for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE).Material and Methods:  Using data from women with no essential hypertension and with singleton births between 2001 and 2005 delivering after 22 weeks of gestation at 125 centers in Japan (Japan Perinatal Registry Network) (n = 241 292), we compared risk factors for GH and PE. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:  Of 241 292 women, 2808 (1.2%) developed GH and 6423 (2.7%) developed PE. Thirty‐five years or older, primiparity, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease increased the risk of both hypertensive conditions. Forty years or older was a risk factor only for GH, while primiparity, female baby, and renal disease were risk factors only for PE. Early‐onset was a common risk factor for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) in GH and PE, but in late‐onset only PE was a risk factor for SGA. The main population of SGA infants was composed of PE cases because PE accounted for 83.3% of early‐onset type before 32 weeks. Girl preponderance in the PE women was observed (sex ratio: boys/girls = 0.904), while slight boy preponderance was seen in normotensive women (1.06) and GH (1.02).Conclusion:  Preeclampsia is associated with lower fetal sex ratio (girl preponderance) compared to GH or normotensive. Presence of hypertension is a risk factor for SGA in early‐onset GH and PE, and hypertension and proteinuria are risk factors for SGA in late‐onset group.
Alcohol intake induces diminished ovarian reserve in childbearing age women
Authors: Li Na , Fu Shuxin , Zhu Fufan , Deng Xuebing , Shi Xiaobo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAim:  To investigate the adverse effects of alcohol on ovarian reserve in women of childbearing age.Material and Methods:  Twenty bar hostesses between the ages of 18 and 29 with moderate alcohol consumption for over 3 years and 16 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 28 with alcohol consumption under a healthy standard were recruited. Their ovarian reserve was evaluated by measuring menstrual cycle day three (CD3) serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (TST) levels, and by transvaginal B‐ultrasound examination of uterine size, ovarian size and number of antral follicles.Results:  Moderate consumption of alcohol significantly increased serum FSH level (P = 0.001), but had no effect on serum LH, E2, PRL and TST levels. Moderate alcohol consumption significantly decreased ovarian volume (P = 0.000) and number of ovarian antral follicles (P = 0.015), but had no effect on uterus size. Moderate alcohol consumption significantly increased the occurrence of menstrual flow abnormalities (P = 0.001 and P = 0.036, respectively), but had no effect on menstrual cycle. The amount of alcohol consumed positively correlated with FSH, and negatively correlated with ovarian volume and number of antral follicles in women with moderate alcohol consumption.Conclusion:  Long‐term moderate alcohol consumption may lead to diminished ovarian reserve.
Spontaneous cessation and recurrence of massive uterine bleeding can occur in uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after laparoscopically assisted myomectomy
Authors: Oishi Hajime , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Osuga Yutaka , Yano Tetsu , Kozuma Shiro , Taketani Yuji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) is a rare but life‐threatening complication that can occur after gynecologic surgery. Herein, we present a case of a 38‐year‐old woman who presented with massive uterine bleeding one month after a laparoscopically assisted myomectomy. Although the bleeding ceased spontaneously, a massive hemorrhage reoccurred three weeks thereafter, and a ruptured perfusion sac at the right uterine artery was identified by computed tomography angiography and ultrasonography. The patient was treated with transfemoral catheter embolization of the right uterine artery, and complete resolution of the UAP was successfully obtained. Our case suggests that a UAP may be a cause of unexplained repetitive metrorrhagia after myomectomy.
Intrauterine diagnosis and treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism
Authors: Corbacioglu Esmer Aytul , Gul Ahmet , Dagdeviren Hediye , Turan Bakirci Isil , Sahin Orhan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present two cases of fetal hypothyroidism with goiter which were successfully diagnosed and treated in utero. In both cases, ultrasonographic examination demonstrated a bilobed solid anterior neck mass with increased vascularity compatible with enlarged thyroid gland. Fetal blood sampling revealed hypothyroidism. Intra‐amniotic injection of L‐thyroxin caused a reduction in thyroid gland size and enabled vaginal delivery without complication. In the first case, maternal thyroid hormone levels and autoantibodies were normal and the neonate had hypothyroidism suggesting the diagnosis of dyshormonogenesis. In the second case, the fetus had transient hypothyroidism, which resolved spontaneously after delivery. Maternal thyroid function tests and autoantibodies were normal and both the mother and neonate had normal urinary iodine, excluding the diagnosis of iodine deficiency or excess. Thus, we believe that transplacental transfer of undetermined factors might be a cause of transient congenital hypothyroidism. Also, we reviewed the literature and described controversial issues regarding the management of fetal goiter.
Effective salvage of acute massive uterine bleeding using intrauterine balloon tamponade in a uterine adenomyosis patient on dienogest
Authors: Nishino Kimihiro , Hayashi Kazumasa , Chaya Jyunya , Kato Noriko , Yamamuro Osamu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present the case of a 37‐year‐old nulliparous woman in whom acute massive uterine bleeding during dienogest therapy was successfully treated using intrauterine balloon tamponade. Abnormal uterine bleeding and several cases of profuse bleeding causing severe anemia in association with dienogest therapy have been reported, but this is the first reported case involving hypovolemic shock. While successful control of postpartum hemorrhage with intrauterine balloon tamponade has been well described, applications for non‐obstetric bleeding, particularly in the presence of underlying diseases, such as adenomyosis, have only rarely been reported. This procedure can be easily, promptly, and safely implemented without analgesia, anesthesia, or laparotomy; it can be used with a minimally dilated external cervical os or narrow uterine cavity; and it can preserve fertility.
Efficient inhibition of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer growth in nude mice by liposomal delivery of short hairpin RNA against STAT3
Authors: Jiang Qingyuan , Dai Lei , Cheng Lin , Chen Xiaolei , Li Yiming , Zhang Shuang , Su Xiaolan , Zhao Xia , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the tumor formation, prognosis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer. Our goal was to investigate the effect of silencing STAT3 on ovarian cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis and expression of key targets in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe ovarian cancer cell lines A2780CP and A2780s were used. STAT3 was knocked down by the plasmid‐based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system. In vitro, a colony formation assay and Hoechst staining were used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expression level of STAT3 and apoptosis‐related proteins were determined by Western blot. The A2780CP intraperitoneal model was used to evaluate the effect of shSTAT3 on tumor growth in mice. Proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in tumor tissues were measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen, TUNEL and CD31 immunostaining, respectively.ResultsTreatment with shSTAT3 resulted in apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated that shSTAT3 induced the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and reduced the expression of survivin, Bcl‐2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In vivo, the tumor weight was reduced to 13.46% of 5% glucose by shSTAT3/lipoplexes (P < 0.01), accompanied with apoptosis induction (P < 0.01), proliferation inhibition (P < 0.01) and angiogenesis inhibition (P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe find that treatment with shSTAT3 inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. This work should provide the scientific foundation for future investigation of shSTAT3 as a strategy for ovarian cancer gene therapy and the combination of gene therapy with chemotherapy.
Umbilical cord presentation after use of a trans‐cervical balloon catheter
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Kataoka Soromon , Takeda Masamitsu , Kojima Takashi , Yamada Takahiro , Morikawa Mamoru , Tsuda Katsuya , Hanatani Kaoru , Yamaguchi Tatsumi , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo examine the incidence of umbilical cord presentation, including cord prolapse (UCP) and cord descent (UCD), after the use of a trans‐cervical balloon catheter (TCBC), such as a Foley catheter and a metreurynter, for the induction of labor (IOL).MethodsA retrospective medical chart review was conducted, focusing on the occurrence of UCP and UCD in 800 women who underwent IOL with a TCBC at five hospitals during the study period (2008–2009 for two hospitals and 2006–2009 for three hospitals). The five hospitals had a total of 8245 deliveries during the study period. UCP and UCD were defined as the descent of the umbilical cord in advance of the presenting fetal part in the presence and absence of rupture of fetal membranes, respectively.ResultsThe frequency of IOL using a TCBC with 70–250 mL of saline varied among the five hospitals from 4.9% to 18.8% (mean ± SD, 10.7 ± 5.0%). UCP and UCD occurred in two and four women, respectively, with the frequency of cord presentation varying among the hospitals from 0.0% to 1.8% (mean ± SD, 0.9 ± 0.9%); the cord presentation was significantly more likely to occur when 180–250 mL of saline was used, compared with when 70–150 mL of saline was used (8.2% [5/61] vs 0.15% [1/662], P < 0.0001). A change in the presenting fetal body part also occurred in 0.5% (4/800) of the women.ConclusionThe use of a TCBC with 180–250 mL of saline increases the risk of cord presentation.
Longitudinal Associations Between Executive Control and Developing Mathematical Competence in Preschool Boys and Girls
Authors: Clark Caron A. C. , Sheffield Tiffany D. , Wiebe Sandra A. , Espy Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2012

Executive control (EC) is related to mathematics performance in middle childhood. However, little is known regarding how EC and informal numeracy differentially support mathematics skill acquisition in preschoolers. A sample of preschoolers (115 girls, 113 boys), stratified by social risk, completed an EC task battery at 3 years, informal numeracy assessments at 3.75 and 4.5 years, and a broad mathematics assessment during kindergarten. Strong associations were observed between latent EC at age 3 and mathematics achievement in kindergarten, which remained robust after accounting for earlier informal numeracy, socioeconomic status, language and processing speed. Relations between EC and mathematics achievement were stronger in girls than in boys. Findings highlight the unique role of EC in predicting which children may have difficulty transitioning to formal mathematics instruction.
Changes in Sensory Dominance During Childhood: Converging Evidence From the Colavita Effect and the Sound‐Induced Flash Illusion
Authors: Nava Elena , Pavani Francesco 
Published: September 2012

In human adults, visual dominance emerges in several multisensory tasks. In children, auditory dominance has been reported up to 4 years of age. To establish when sensory dominance changes during development, 41 children (6–7, 9–10, and 11–12 years) were tested on the Colavita task (Experiment 1) and 32 children (6–7, 9–10, and 11–12 years) were tested on the sound‐induced flash illusion (Experiment 2). In both experiments, an auditory dominance emerged in 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children compared to older children. Adult‐like visual dominance started to emerge from 9 to 10 years of age, and consolidated in 11‐ to 12‐year‐old children. These findings show that auditory dominance persists up to 6 years, but switches to visual dominance during the first school years.
Continuity and Discontinuity in Perceptions of Family Relationships From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Tsai Kim M. , Telzer Eva H. , Fuligni Andrew J. 
Published: September 2012

The present 8‐year longitudinal study examined how multiple aspects of family relationships change across the transition from adolescence (Mage = 15 years) to young adulthood (Mage = 22 years) among 821 individuals. Results showed that there was more discontinuity than continuity in family relationships across this transition. Whereas a normative decline was evident in all measured aspects of family relationships during adolescence, this decline persisted for only a few dimensions of family relationships during young adulthood. Other aspects of family relationships stabilized or rebounded. There was little variation in these trajectories as a function of ethnicity or gender, suggesting that these changes in family relationships are generally normative. Results suggest that the transition to adulthood is a period of significant transformation in family relationships.
Selective Imitation of In‐Group Over Out‐Group Members in 14‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Buttelmann David , Zmyj Norbert , Daum Moritz , Carpenter Malinda 
Published: September 2012

Recent research has shown that infants are more likely to engage with in‐group over out‐group members. However, it is not known whether infants' learning is influenced by a model's group membership. This study investigated whether 14‐month‐olds (N = 66) selectively imitate and adopt the preferences of in‐group versus out‐group members. Infants watched an adult tell a story either in their native language (in‐group) or a foreign language (out‐group). The adult then demonstrated a novel action (imitation task) and chose 1 of 2 objects (preference task). Infants did not show selectivity in the preference task, but they imitated the in‐group model more faithfully than the out‐group model. This suggests that cultural learning is beginning to be truly cultural by 14 months of age.
The Overall Effect of the Business Cycle on Crime
Authors: Bushway Shawn , Phillips Matthew , Cook Philip J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper analyses the 13 business cycles since 1933 to provide evidence on the old question of whether recessions cause crime. Using data from the United States, we find that recessions are consistently associated with an uptick in burglary and robbery, and a reduction in theft of motor vehicles. There is no statistical association with homicide. These patterns are suggestive of the relative importance of the various channels by which economic conditions influence crime.
Arthritis as an important determinant for psoriatic patients to develop severe vascular events in Taiwan: a nation‐wide study
Authors: Chin Yi‐Ying , Yu Hsin‐Su , Li Wan‐Chen , Ko Ying‐Chin , Chen Gwo‐Shing , Wu Ching‐Shuang , Lu Yi‐Wei , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Lan Cheng‐Che E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  Psoriasis is an important systemic inflammatory disease that often leads to severe vascular diseases. This study was launched to determine if joint involvement affects incidence of vascular comorbidities in psoriatic patients. In addition, potential vasculo‐protective effects of methotrexate in psoriatic patients were also evaluated.Method  A population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance database spanning from 1996 to 2006. Accordingly, 7648 and 284 psoriatic patients without or with arthritis, respectively, were identified. To ensure the temporal relationship between different events, those with date of first diagnosis psoriasis during the year of 1996 were excluded from subsequent analyses. In addition, those with diagnosis of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases prior to onset of psoriasis were also excluded from relevant subsequent analyses.Result  Taking psoriatic patients without arthritis as the referent group, the hazard ratio for incident cerebrovascular disease was 1.82 (95% CI = 1.17–2.82) for psoriatic patient with arthritis. In addition, psoriatic patients without arthritis who had methotrexate treatment showed reduced risks for incident cerebrovascular disease as compared with those with no arthritis and had received no methotrexate/retinoid treatment. Similar analyses were performed on cardiovascular diseases, and equivalent results were obtained.Conclusion  Our study indicated that arthritis is a potential determinant for psoriatic patients in terms of incident vascular comorbidities. In addition, methotrexate treatment may be associated with reduced risks for development of severe vascular diseases in psoriatic patients without arthritis. Further studies should focus on the clinical complications associated with psoriatic patients with or without arthritis.
Conservation issues arising from maladaptive behaviours spreading socially
Authors: Krützen M. 
Published: September 2012

Read the Feature Paper:The social side of human‐wildlife interaction: wildlife can learn harmful behaviours from each otherOther Commentaries on this paper:Individual dolphins as tools for conservation;Wildlife social learning should inform sustainable tourism managementResponse from the authors:Social learning of risky behaviour: importance for impact assessments, conservation and management of human‐wildlife interactions
Social learning of risky behaviour: importance for impact assessments, conservation and management of human–wildlife interactions
Authors: Donaldson R. , Finn H. , Bejder L. , Lusseau D. , Calver M. 
Published: September 2012

Read the Feature Paper: The social side of human‐wildlife interaction: wildlife can learn harmful behaviours from each otherCommentaries on this Feature Paper: Individual dolphins as tools for conservation; Wildlife social learning should inform sustainable tourism management; Conservation issues arising from maladaptive behaviours spreading socially