bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracranial glioblastoma with synchronous metastases in the lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, vertebrae, cervical muscles and epidural space in a young patient - case report and review of literature
Authors: Blume Christian , von Lehe Marec , van Landeghem Frank , Greschus Susanne , Boström Jan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Extraneural and extracranial metastases of glioblastoma (GB) are very rarely reported in the literature. They occur in only 0.2% of all GB patients.

Case presentation
We present a 40 year old caucasian male with secondary GB and first diagnosis of an astrocytoma world health organisation (WHO) grade II through stereotactic biopsy in 2006. He presented a new hemiparesis and a progress of the known mass lesion in 2008. Subtotal tumor resection was performed and the histological examination verified a GB. After combined radio- and chemotherapy the adjuvant temozolomide therapy was not started because of non-compliance.
In 2011 a second local relapse was resected and 4 month later the patient presented a fast progressing tetraparesis. Cervical CT and MRI scan showed a mass lesion infiltrating the fifth and sixth vertebra with infiltration of the spinal canal and large paravertebral tumor masses. Emergency surgery was performed. By additional screening further metastases were detected in the thoracal and lumbal spine and surprisingly also in the lung and pulmonary lymphnodes. Palliative radio- and chemotherapy of the pulmonal lesions was completed, further antitumor therapy was rejected. The patient died 10 months after diagnosis of the extraneural metastases.

Conclusion
Especially young “long-term-survivors” seem to have a higher risk of extraneural metastasis from a GB and appropriate staging should be performed in these cases.
Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of young women
Authors: Domjanic Jacqueline , Fieder Martin , Seidler Horst , Mitteroecker Philipp 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMost published attempts to quantify footprint shape are based on a small number of measurements. We applied geometric morphometric methods to study shape variation of the complete footprint outline in a sample of 83 adult women.MethodsThe outline of the footprint, including the toes, was represented by a comprehensive set of 85 landmarks and semilandmarks. Shape coordinates were computed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis.ResultsThe first four principal components represented the major axes of variation in foot morphology: low‐arched versus high‐arched feet, long and narrow versus short and wide feet, the relative length of the hallux, and the relative length of the forefoot. These shape features varied across the measured individuals without any distinct clusters or discrete types of footprint shape. A high body mass index (BMI) was associated with wide and flat feet, and a high frequency of wearing high‐heeled shoes was associated with a larger forefoot area of the footprint and a relatively long hallux. Larger feet had an increased length‐to‐width ratio of the footprint, a lower‐arched foot, and longer toes relative to the remaining foot. Footprint shape differed on average between left and right feet, and the variability of footprint asymmetry increased with BMI.ConclusionsFoot shape is affected by lifestyle factors even in a sample of young women (median age 23 years). Geometric morphometrics proved to be a powerful tool for the detailed analysis of footprint shape that is applicable in various scientific disciplines, including forensics, orthopedics, and footwear design.
Micro-stratigraphical investigation on corrosion layers in ancient Bronze artefacts by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry and optical microscopy
Authors: Oudbashi Omid , Emami Seyed Mohammadamin , Ahmadi Hossein , Davami Parviz 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
Archaeological metallic artefacts buried in soils deteriorate by means of various environmental as well as internal factors and mechanisms over time such as change in composition and microstructure of metal and corrosive factors due to long-term burial environment. Corrosion in metals occurs in different morphologies and results in different types of corrosion products based on soil composition. Identification of corrosion mechanisms and morphology in archaeological metals can help conservators to characterize deterioration occurred in metals and make decisions to protect artefacts about preventing further deterioration. In archaeological bronzes, different layers may form on the surface of artefacts and their composition, depth and shape depends on factors noted above.

Results
In this paper, results of investigation carried out on ancient bronzes discovered from Haft Tappeh archaeological site, southwestern Iran, are presented. The ancient bronze samples are dated to the Middle Elamite period about 14th century BC. Some of the Haft Tappeh bronze artefacts corroded completely and a multilayer structure has formed. To study the stratigraphy of corrosion layers and their composition, some bronze artefacts have been analyzed using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and Optical Microscopy analyses. The results show difference between the amount of Cu and Sn in layers that may follow from copper leaching from inner layers and formation of copper trihydroxychlorides because of bronze disease.

Conclusions
Based on the results, it can be concluded that SEM-EDS analysis and Microscopy observations can help to characterize compositional difference between corrosion layers in the micro scale as well as corrosion mechanisms occurring in archaeological metal artefacts.
Modeling and prediction of cytotoxicity of artemisinin for treatment of the breast cancer by using artificial neural networks
Authors: Qaderi Abdolhossein , Dadgar Neda , Mansouri Hamidreza , Alavi Seyed Ebrahim , Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani Maedeh , Akbarzadeh Azim 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
While artemisinin is known as anticancer medication with favorable remedial effects, its side effects must not be neglected. In order to reduce such side effects and increase artemisinin therapeutic index, nano technology has been considered as a new approach. Liposome preparation is supposed to be one of the new methods of drug delivery. To prepare the desired nanoliposome, certain proportions of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and artemisinin are mixed together. Besides, in order to achieve more stability, the formulation was pegylated by polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG 2000). Mean diameter of nanoliposomes was determined by means of Zeta sizer. Encapsulation was calculated 96.02% in nanoliposomal and 91.62% in pegylated formulation. Compared to pegylated formulation, the percent of released drug in nanoliposomal formulation was more. In addition, this study reveals that cytotoxicity effect of pegylated nanoliposomal artemisinin was more than nanoliposomal artemisinin. Since artificial neural network shows high possibility of nonlinear modulation, it is used to predict cytotoxicity effect in this study, which can precisely indicate the cytotoxicity and IC50 of anticancer drugs.
Diarrhoea in the ICU: respective contribution of feeding and antibiotics
Authors: Thibault Ronan , Graf Séverine , Clerc Aurélie , Delieuvin Nathalie , Heidegger Claudia Paula , Pichard Claude 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Diarrhoea is frequently reported in the ICU. Little is known about diarrhoea incidence and the role of the different risk factors alone or in combination. This prospective observational study aims at determining diarrhoea incidence and risk factors in the first 2 weeks of ICU stay, focusing on the respective contribution of feeding, antibiotics, and antifungal drugs.

Methods
Out of 422 patients consecutively admitted into a mixed medical–surgical ICU during a 2-month period, 278 patients were included according to the following criteria: ICU stay >24 hours, no admission diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and absence of enterostomy or colostomy. Diarrhoea was defined as at least three liquid stools per day. Diarrhoea episodes occurring during the first day in the ICU, related to the use of laxative drugs or Clostridium difficile infection, were not analysed. Multivariate and stratified analyses were performed to determine diarrhoea risk factors, and the impact of the combination of enteral nutrition (EN) with antibiotics or antifungal drugs.

Results
A total of 1,595 patient-days were analysed. Diarrhoea was observed in 38 patients (14%) and on 83 patient-days (incidence rate: 5.2 per 100 patient-days). The median day of diarrhoea onset was the sixth day, and 89% of patients had ≤4 diarrhoea days. The incidence of C. difficile infection was 0.7%. Diarrhoea risk factors were EN covering >60% of energy target (relative risk = 1.75 (1.02 to 3.01)), antibiotics (relative risk = 3.64 (1.26 to 10.51)) and antifungal drugs (relative risk = 2.79 (1.16 to 6.70)). EN delivery per se was not a diarrhoea risk factor. In patients receiving >60% of energy target by EN, diarrhoea risk was increased by the presence of antibiotics (relative risk = 4.8 (2.1 to 13.7)) or antifungal drugs (relative risk = 5.0 (2.8 to 8.7)).

Conclusion
Diarrhoea incidence during the first 2 weeks in a mixed population of patients in a tertiary ICU is 14%. Diarrhoea risk factors are EN covering >60% of energy target, use of antibiotics, and use of antifungal drugs. The combination of EN covering >60% of energy target with antibiotics or antifungal drugs increases the incidence of diarrhoea.
The control of CD8+ T cell responses is preserved in perforin-deficient mice and released by depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Ataera Haley , Simkins Helen M A , Hyde Evelyn , Yang Jianping , Hermans Ian F , Petersen Troels R , Ronchese Franca 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTImmune suppression by Treg has been demonstrated in a number of models, but the mechanisms of this suppression are only partly understood. Recent work has suggested that Tregs may suppress by directly killing immune cell populations in vivo in a perforin- and granzyme B-dependent manner. To establish whether perforin is necessary for the regulation of immune responses in vivo, we examined OVA-specific CD8+ T cell responses in WT and PKO mice immunized with OVA and α-GalCer and the expansion of WT OT-I CD8+ T cells adoptively transferred into WT or PKO mice immunized with DC-OVA. We observed similar expansion, phenotype, and effector function of CD8+ T cells in WT and PKO mice, suggesting that CD8+ T cells were subjected to a similar amount of regulation in the two mouse strains. In addition, when WT and PKO mice were depleted of Tregs by anti-CD25 mAb treatment before DC-OVA immunization, CD8+ T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production were increased similarly, suggesting a comparable involvement of CD25+ Tregs in controlling T cell proliferation and effector function in these two mouse strains. These data suggest that perforin expression is not required for normal immune regulation in these models of in vivo CD8+ T cell responses induced by immunization with OVA and α-GalCer or DC-OVA.
The Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ)
Authors: Morley D. , Jenkinson C. , Doll H. , Lavis G. , Sharp R. , Cooke P. , Dawson J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) is a validated 16-item, patient-reported outcome measure for evaluating outcomes of foot or ankle surgery. The original development of the instrument identified three domains. This present study examined whether the three domains could legitimately be summed to provide a single summary index score. Methods The MOXFQ and Short-Form (SF)-36 were administered to 671 patients before surgery of the foot or ankle. Data from the three domains of the MOXFQ (pain, walking/standing and social interaction) were subjected to higher order factor analysis. Reliability and validity of the summary index score was assessed. Results The mean age of the participants was 52.8 years (sd 15.68; 18 to 89). Higher order principle components factor analysis produced one factor, accounting for 74.7% of the variance. The newly derived single index score was found to be internally reliable (α = 0.93) and valid, achieving at least moderate correlations (r ≥ 0.5, p < 0.001) with related (pain/function) domains of the SF-36. Conclusions Analyses indicated that data from the MOXFQ can be presented in summary form. The MOXFQ summary index score (MOXFQ-Index) provides an overall indication of the outcomes of foot and ankle surgery. Furthermore, the single index reduces the number of statistical comparisons, and hence the role of chance, when exploring MOXFQ data.
The effect of smoking on bone healing
Authors: Patel R. A. , Wilson R. F. , Patel P. A. , Palmer R. M. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives To review the systemic impact of smoking on bone healing as evidenced within the orthopaedic literature. Methods A protocol was established and studies were sourced from five electronic databases. Screening, data abstraction and quality assessment was conducted by two review authors. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies were included. The primary outcome measures were based on clinical and/or radiological indicators of bone healing. This review specifically focused on non-spinal orthopaedic studies. Results Nine tibia studies and eight other orthopaedic studies were considered for systematic review. Of these 17 studies, 13 concluded that smoking negatively influenced bone healing. Conclusions Smoking has a negative effect on bone healing, in terms of delayed union, nonunion and more complications.
Optimum Cut‐off Point of the Japanese Short Version of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire
Authors: Kurioka Sumiko , Inoue Akiomi , Tsutsumi Akizumi 
Published: July 2013

Optimum Cut‐off Point of the Japanese Short Version of the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire: Sumiko KURIOKA, et al. Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—ObjectivesThe theoretical threshold (effort‐reward ratio >1.0) may not be ideal for the Japanese short version of the effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. We aimed to seek the optimum cut‐off point.MethodsWe administered the original and short versions of the ERI questionnaire with a psychological distress scale to randomly selected workers (n=1,489) in a web‐based survey. We evaluated kappa statistics and conducted receiver operating characteristics curve analyses. Cut‐off values of the short version effort‐reward ratios at 0.1 intervals in the range of 1.0−1.9 were tested using the criterion of an effort‐reward ratio >1.0 for the original version.ResultsThe short version questionnaire had acceptable reliabilities. When using the theoretical cut‐off point, the prevalence of high‐risk groups was 63.2% for the short version compared with 18.9% for the original version, and their agreement was slight. Kappa agreements and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses suggested that a short‐version effort‐reward ratio of around 1.3 and 1.4 was the most equivalent to the original criterion. Regression equation procedures supported the findings, and ERI defined by the cut‐off values showed significant associations with an external criterion (psychological distress) with minimal estimation error. Because the highest but only moderate kappa agreements with the risk group defined by the original criterion were obtained when setting 1.4−1.6 as the cut‐offs, we considered >1.4 as optimal.ConclusionsThis empirical investigation suggests the cut‐off value of >1.4 for the Japanese short version of the ERI questionnaire screens out the ERI group with the most compatibility with the original version.
Effect of Alkaline‐Stabilized Biosolids on Alfalfa Molybdenum and Copper Content
Authors: Stehouwer Richard C. , Macneal Kirsten E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAgricultural utilization of biosolids poses a potential risk to ruminant animals due to transfer of Mo from biosolids to forage to the animal in amounts large enough to suppress Cu uptake by the animal. Alkaline‐stabilized biosolids (ASB) must be given particular consideration in assessment of Mo risk because the high pH of these biosolids could increase Mo and decrease Cu uptake by forage legumes. In this 3‐yr field experiment, ASB and ground agricultural limestone (AL) were applied based on their alkalinity at rates equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times the lime requirement of the soil and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown. Alfalfa yield was similar with AL and ASB except in the second year when ASB produced larger yields, apparently due to increased B availability with ASB. Application of ASB did not detectably increase extractable soil Mo (0‐ to 15‐cm depth), but increased alfalfa Mo uptake in all cuttings with yield‐weighted uptake coefficients (UCs) of 8.07 and 7.11 following the first and second ASB applications, respectively. Although ASB increased extractable soil Cu, and alfalfa Cu content was greater with ASB than with AL, yield‐weighted alfalfa Cu to Mo ratio was decreased by ASB to levels near 3. These results suggest that ASB may have a greater effect on Mo uptake and Cu to Mo ratio of forage legumes than do other biosolids. Additional research is needed to determine implications of larger Mo cumulative loading with ASB for Mo risk, particularly in the soil pH range of 7 to 8.
Characterization of Cation–π Interactions in Aqueous Solution Using Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Dongqiang , Herbert Bruce E. , Schlautman Mark A. , Carraway Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTChemical interactions of aromatic organic contaminants control their fate, transport, and toxicity in the environment. Recent molecular modeling studies have suggested that strong interactions can occur between the π electrons of aromatic molecules and metal cations in aqueous solutions and/or on mineral surfaces, and that such interactions may be important in some environmental systems. However, spectroscopic evidence for these so‐called cation–π interactions has been extremely limited to date. In this paper, cation–π interactions in aqueous salt solutions were characterized via 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin–lattice relaxation times (T1) and calculations of molecular correlation times (τc) for a series of perdeuterated (d6–benzene) benzene–cation complexes. The T1 values for d6–benzene decreased with increasing concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, and AgNO3, with the largest effects observed in the AgNO3 and CsCl solutions. Upon normalizing τc values by solution viscosity effects, an overall affinity trend of Ag+ ≫ Cs+ > K+ > Rb+ > Na+ > Li+ was derived for the d6–benzene–cation complexes. The ability of Ag+ to complex d6–benzene was significantly reduced upon addition of NH3, which strongly coordinates Ag+ at high pH. Results with d6–benzene, d8–naphthalene, d2–dichloromethane, and d12–cyclohexane in 0.1 M methanolic salt solutions confirmed that spin–lattice relaxation rates are characterizing cation–π interactions. The relatively strong cation–π bonding observed between Ag+ and aromatic hydrocarbons probably results from covalent interactions between the aromatic π electrons and the d orbitals of Ag+, in addition to the normal electrostatic interaction.
Solubility of Phosphorus and Heavy Metals in Potting Media Amended with Yard Waste–Biosolids Compost
Authors: Zhang M. K. , He Z. L. , Stoffella P. J. , Calvert D. V. , Yang X. E. , Xia Y. P. , Wilson S. B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe potential risk of surface and ground water contamination by phosphorus (P) and heavy metals leached from compost‐based containerized media has become an environmental concern. Solubility and fractionation of P and heavy metals were evaluated in media containing 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% compost derived from biosolids and yard trimmings for potential impacts on the environment. As compost proportion in peat‐based media increased from 0 to 100%, concentrations of total P, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn in the media increased whereas concentrations of total Co and Cr decreased. Except for Cu, all heavy metals in the water‐soluble fraction decreased with increasing compost proportion in the media, because of higher Fe, Al, and Ca concentrations and pH values of the composts than the peat. When the media pH is controlled and maintained at normal range of plant growth (5.5–6.5), leaching of the heavy metals is minimal. Incorporation of compost to the peat‐based media also decreased the proportion of total P that was water‐soluble. However, concentrations of bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaHCO3–IP), readily mineralizable organic phosphorus (NaHCO3–OP), potentially bioavailable inorganic phosphorus (NaOH‐IP), and potentially bioavailable organic phosphorus (NaOH‐OP) were still higher in the media amended with compost because of higher total P concentration in the compost. Further study is needed to verify if less or no topdressing of chemical P fertilizer should be applied to the compost‐amended media to minimize P effect on the environment when compost‐amended potting media are used for nursery or greenhouse crop production systems.
Phosphorus Fractionation in Manure from Swine Fed Traditional and Low‐Phytate Corn Diets
Authors: Wienhold Brian J. , Miller Phillip S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTraditional corn (Zea mays L.) (TC), the primary grain used in swine (Sus scrofa) diets, stores a majority of its P as phytate, which is largely unavailable for digestion by nonruminant animals. Low‐phytate corn (LPC) contains similar amounts of total P but a smaller percentage of P as phytate. When fed to swine, LPC increases P utilization and reduces P content of manure. While differences in P content between manure from animals fed TC and LPC diets have been documented, solubility and lability of manure P have not been compared. Manure P was characterized in manure from swine fed either LPC or TC diets in 2000 and 2001. Total P was lower (20 vs. 34 g kg−1) and N to P ratio was higher (4.5 vs. 3.3) in LPC manure than in TC manure. Manures were sequentially extracted with deionized water, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, and 1.0 M HCl. Extracts were analyzed for inorganic and total P. Most P (approximately 80%) in the extracts was in the inorganic form. Concentration of P in the water‐extractable fraction was lower for LPC manure (10.2 g kg−1 in 2000 and 9.7 g kg−1 in 2001) than for TC manure (13.6 g kg−1 in 2000 and 17.0 g kg−1 in 2001). Percentage of total P in each extract was in the order of: H2O (60%), HCl (22%), NaHCO3 (12%), NaOH (8%), and residue (<1%). Total P and distribution of P in extracts indicates swine are able to utilize more P contained in LPC feed but the composition of P excreted in LPC manure is similar to TC manure. Solubility, crop availability, and lability of P in LPC manure should be similar to that of TC manure.