bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on gonadosomatic index, fecundity and hatchability of domesticated stock of asala Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) from Nallu River of Lalitpur District
Authors: Wagle Suresh Kumar 
Published: March 2015

The present work embodies studies on the reproductive capacity of captive stock of asala Schizothorax richardsonii collected from Nallu River of Lalitpur district. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) estimates ranged from 3.08±0.9% in May to 26.55±1.8% in November. Positive correlation (r=0.667) was found between egg size and GSI. The egg size (2.7 to 2.9 mm) in October and November was significantly (P<0.01) larger than the eggs measured in other months. Based on peak GSI level, S. richardsonii spawned by manual stripping in two breeding season i.e. winter (October-November) and summer (Mach-April) in Godawari (1500 masl). Mean incubation period of fertilized eggs was 259 h and 248 h during winter and summer season at 14.2 to17.5 oC and 14.5 to15.5 oC water temperature, respectively. Percent hatching rates of eggs ranged between 38 to 90% and were not significantly different (P>0.05) between breeding seasons. Overripe eggs obtained during winter season breeding (16.5%) were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the summer season breeding (3.6%). This suggests that more frequent observation of the spawner is necessary during winter season for recognizing their appropriateness to ovulation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12253Our Nature (2014), 12(1): 19-27
Fish Marketing System in Southern Bangladesh: Recommendations for Efficient Marketing
Authors: Ali Mir Mohammad , Rahman Md. Mosaddequr , Hossain Md. Yeamin , Rahman Md. Zillur , Hossen Md. Alomgir , Naser S. M. Abu , Islam Rafiqul , Subba Bharat Raj , Masood Zubia , Hoque Md. Ashabul 
Published: March 2015

This study aimed to explore the marketing channel, marketing cost and marketing margin and problems associated with fish marketing in order to provide recommendations for efficient fish marketing system in Barisal city, southern Bangladesh. Data were collected from seven fish markets of Barisal, southern Bangladesh including Port road fish market, Taltoli bazar fish market, Chaumatha fish market, Notullabad bus stand fish market, Kasipur bazar fish market and Bazar road fish market. Both primary and secondary data were used during 1 year study period from May, 2011 to April, 2012. Primary data were collected through field surveys and pre-structured questionnaire was used for interviewing of 10 organizers, 20 aratdars (commission agent), 50 fish traders and 100 consumers. Secondary source of information consists of published materials such as journals, textbooks, newspapers and also from interviewing different government and non-government officials and members of various fisheries related cooperative societies. The results of this study revealed 11 fish marketing channels in Barisal city’s fish marketing system. The average marketing cost ranged from 4.15% to 8.33% (6.76±0.98) % of the final retail price. The highest and lowest average fish price were recorded as USD 7.07/kg and USD 1.03/kg for giant fresh water prawn and silver carp, correspondingly. Intermediaries’ marketing margin on different species’ marketing fluctuated from 29.6% to 50.28% (39.38±5.22) % for silver carp and brown shrimp marketing, respectively. Establishment of modern fish landing center and retail markets near the fish landing port, introduction of government fish shops and insulated and refrigerated fish vans and fish carriers, training of all personnel related to fish marketing about fish handling, quality of fish, hygiene practices, improvement of existing fish market structure, provision for government and private funding assistance for fishers/fish farmer, formulation and enactment of independent act/ordinance for fish landing and marketing are highly recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12254Our Nature (2014), 12(1): 28-36
Knowledge among mothers regarding weaning practice of Jhangad community of Jhorahat V.D.C, Nepal
Authors: Subba Dipty , Bhattarai S. , Roy R. 
Published: March 2015

The study was conducted among 50 mothers of Jhangad community to assess the knowledge regarding weaning practice on infant. Although the findings showed that most of the mothers had heard about weaning practice, only 76% mothers knew about ideal weaning time. There was a difference between the time for the initiation of weaning and selection of the food items. 92% used foods for weaning from local sources like rice and pulses (34%) because of its easy availability. A considerable number had a concept that proper weaning helps in overall growth and development of the child. 8% replied that it helps to prevent malnutrition. Health problems like diarrhoea were the most frequent problem complained by the mothers after weaning.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v12i1.12258Our Nature (2014), 12(1): 54-59
Investigating Thermal Stability and Flame Retardant Properties of Synthesized Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Nanocomposites
Authors: Azarmgin S. , Kaffashi B. , Davachi S. M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this work, Halloysite Nanotube (HNT) was synthesized, using a modified method, from kaolin clay. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the synthesized HNT revealed that many of the nanotubes were tubular; however, spherical and semi-spherical, platy and semi rolled structures were also observed. Fire retardant EPDM compounds composed of typical flame retardants (FR), deca-bromo diphenyl oxide (DBDPO), antimony oxide (Sb2O3), talc and carbon black were prepared. Three elastomer compounds, with 5, 10 and 20 wt.% of synthesized HNT, and one more compound with 10 wt.% of synthesized HNT and 10 wt.% of conventional flame retardants were prepared and formed by a two roll mill. A TEM micrograph was presented to prove the well dispersion of HNT in polymer matrix. The flammability, thermal stability and tensile strength of the compounds were compared to that of typical fire retarded EPDM. The results showed that the typical flame retardants diminish the tensile strength and elongation at break of EPDM elastomers; in addition, these compounds showed the lowest thermal stability among the typical formulations. The extent of flammability of the compounds was characterized using the cone calorimetry technique. The compound containing 5 wt.% HNT showed the highest tensile strength, the least flammability and the highest thermal stability compared to the other compounds. This was related to the good dispersion and also on the tubular structure of the synthesized nanotubes. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) as well as the amount of hazardous gas emission for the sample having the highest mechanical response was smaller than those with conventional micro-filler flame retardants.
Effects of SEBS-g-MA on Rheology, Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PET/HDPE Blends
Authors: Dobrovszky K. , Ronkay F. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The effects of additive styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) were investigated on the rheology, morphology and mechanical properties of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blend. The ratio of the two components was changed in small increments to track phase inversion. The rheology measurements show that SEBS-g-MA acts differently on HDPE and PET, as different morphologies are formed due to viscosity ratio change. With the help of electron microscopy various phases after extrusion and after injection molding were revealed and identified. Because of the high viscosity of HDPE the co-continuous morphology was immediately formed when PET reached 30 vol%. The range of the co-continuous structure of the blend was wider when SEBS-g-MA was added, and the elongation at break also improved as additive content increased, without a significant strength decrease. The divergence of the mechanical properties from the theoretical value, i.e. the value determined by the mixing rule, can be explained by the changing phase structure.
Extrusion Defects and Flow Instabilities of Molten Polymers
Authors: Vergnes B. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
When certain critical conditions are exceeded, the flow of a polymer melt becomes unstable, giving rise to particular phenomena that are the subject of this review. These instabilities are a vital industrial problem, as they are the key to productivity of extrusion processes. Indeed, their onset leads to unacceptable products and is thus the upper limit of the processing conditions. They are also a fascinating scientific problem because, although studied and discussed for more than half a century, they are still not fully understood and their mechanisms are still sometimes controversial. In the present literature review, we present an overview of the studies carried out for fifty years, as well as our own opinion on the underlying mechanisms.
A Personal Perspective on the Use of Modelling Simulation for Polymer Melt Processing
Authors: Agassant J. F. , Mackley M. R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper gives a personal view on the state of art in relation to the modelling of polymer melt processing. The paper briefly reviews both industrial, laboratory and modelling developments over the last forty years and highlights the key aspects now required for realistic modelling of polymer melt processing. The paper summarizes elements relating to the numerical simulation of specific and general polymer processes and also provides topical examples of the application of numerical modelling to certain commercial processes. The paper concludes with identifying areas of polymer processing that still remain a challenge in relation to accurate prediction.
Les prières usuelles annexées aux anciennes traductions françaises du psautier
Authors: Brayer Édith , Bouly de Lesdain Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2015

Les plus anciennes traductions du psautier en ancien français contiennent, à la suite des psaumes, sept cantiques tirés de l'Ancien Testament, le Te Deum, trois cantiques tirés du Nouveau Testament et des prières usuelles.
L'article décrit 37 manuscrits conservés en Grande-Bretagne (17 mss.), à Paris (17 mss.), à Munich (1 ms.), au Vatican (1 ms.) et à Vienne (1 ms.), en les groupant par familles : psautiers anglo-normands, psautiers lorrains, psautiers bilingues non dialectaux, psautiers français en prose ou en prose mêlée de vers, psautiers entièrement en vers.
Les textes du Gloria, du Pater noster, du Credo et de Y Ave Maria sont publiés d'après vingt manuscrits répartis selon les rédactions. Le texte intégral des différents manuscrits d'une même rédaction est présenté en tableaux synoptiques.
Failure to Look Beyond Blocks Is a Mistake
Authors: Berger V. W. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTamm and Hilgers [1] are to be congratulated for bringing more attention to a rather important issue in trial design, namely chronological bias. Far too many researchers use permuted blocks without even recognizing that chronological bias is the reason they do it. Only armed with the rationale can we hope to enter an informed discussion regarding the merits, or lack thereof, for using permuted block randomization in actual trials. But chronological bias is only part of the story. If it were the entire story, then there would be a rather easy solution. We could just use blocks of size two, or even alternate treatment groups. But we can’t, and the reason we can’t is selection bias. The two are at odds, as the solution to chronological bias is a small block size, and the solution to selection bias is a large block size [2, 3]. At least this would be the case if we were limited to using permuted blocks. Fortunately, we are not.
DAP12 Expression in Lung Macrophages Mediates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Neutrophil Extravasation
Authors: Spahn Jessica H. , Li Wenjun , Bribriesco Alejandro C. , Liu Jie , Shen Hua , Ibricevic Aida , Pan Jie-Hong , Zinselmeyer Bernd H. , Brody Steven L. , Goldstein Daniel R. , Krupnick Alexander S. , Gelman Andrew E. , Miller Mark J. , Kreisel Daniel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Neutrophils are critical mediators of innate immune responses and contribute to tissue injury. However, immune pathways that regulate neutrophil recruitment to injured tissues during noninfectious inflammation remain poorly understood. DAP12 is a cell membrane–associated protein that is expressed in myeloid cells and can either augment or dampen innate inflammatory responses during infections. To elucidate the role of DAP12 in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we took advantage of a clinically relevant mouse model of transplant-mediated lung IRI. This technique allowed us to dissect the importance of DAP12 in tissue-resident cells and those that infiltrate injured tissue from the periphery during noninfectious inflammation. Macrophages in both mouse and human lungs that have been subjected to cold ischemic storage express DAP12. We found that donor, but not recipient, deficiency in DAP12 protected against pulmonary IRI. Analysis of the immune response showed that DAP12 promotes the survival of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages and contributes to local production of neutrophil chemoattractants. Intravital imaging demonstrated a transendothelial migration defect into DAP12-deficient lungs, which can be rescued by local administration of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL2. We have uncovered a previously unrecognized role for DAP12 expression in tissue-resident alveolar macrophages in mediating acute noninfectious tissue injury through regulation of neutrophil trafficking.
Intérêt de la vidéocapsule endoscopique dans le diagnostic des tumeurs de l’intestin grêle
Authors: Sokpon Martin , Amrani Leïla , Salihoun Mouna , Zneti Kaoutar , Kabbaj Nawal 
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Les tumeurs de l’intestin grêle sont rares et de diagnostic le plus souvent difficile. L’avènement de la Vidéocapsule Endoscopique (VCE) a révolutionné l’exploration de cette portion du tube digestif, qualifiée de boîte noire de l’endoscopie car elle permet de visualiser toutes les lésions du grêle y compris les tumeurs. Le but du travail est d’évaluer l’apport de la VCE dans le diagnostic des tumeurs de l’intestin grêle. Matériel et méthode : 13 cas de tumeurs de l’intestin grêle ont été colligés de janvier 2007 à avril 2014. Tous les patients ont bénéficié au préalable d’une endoscopie œso-gastro-duodénale, d’une iléo-coloscopie, d’un transit du grêle et/ou d’un entéroscanner. Résultat : L’âge moyen des patients était de 63 ans avec une prédominance masculine dans 76,9 %. La symptomatologie clinique était dominée par les mélénas inauguraux dans 61,5 %, l’anémie avec une altération de l’état général dans 15,4 %, 1 malade adressé pour recherche d’une localisation primitive d’une tumeur carcinoïde rectale, 1 cas de rectorragie et 1 cas de diarrhée chronique. Les lésions à la VCE se présentaient sous forme de compression extrinsèque faisant évoquer une GIST dans 76,9 %, d’un processus ulcéro-bourgeonnant dans 23,1 %. Le type histologique était dominé par les tumeurs stromales (GIST) dans 69,2 %, suivi par l’ADK moyennement différencié dans 2 cas et 1 cas de tumeur carcinoïde. Conclusion : La VCE est un examen simple, non invasif dont la contribution est très utile pour le diagnostic des lésions du grêle. Dans notre série, les tumeurs du grêle étaient révélées dans la majorité des cas par des mélénas et le type histologique le plus fréquent était une tumeur stromale (GIST).
Procesos de literacidad en jóvenes y adultos: convergencia de instituciones y sujetos
Authors: Lorenzatti Maria del Carmen 
Published: March 2015

En este artículo se analizan prácticas de literacidad desplegadas por una señora de nula escolaridad. Desde la perspectiva de los nuevos estudios de literacidad se propone argumentar que estas prácticas forman parte de procesos sociales más amplios donde se entrelazan conocimientos de los sujetos sobre la cultura escrita, demandas que las instituciones realizan en relación con la lectura y escritura y relaciones de poder. Se trata de un estudio socioantropológico, de corte etnográfico. Interesa especialmente desentrañar las relaciones entre las distintas escalas de contextos locales y globales para mostrar que las prácticas de literacidad no pueden ser consideradas en forma abstracta, disociadas de sus condiciones históricas, políticas, económicas, sociales y culturales. Este estudio pretende aportar conocimientos para repensar la práctica docente en el campo de la educación de jóvenes y adultos.
Everyday Diversity
Authors: Ho Christina 
Published: March 2015

The Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal has been an important forum for discussing issues around cultural diversity. Articles on cultural diversity have been present in virtually every issue of the journal. These have ranged from conceptual pieces on cosmopolitanism, identity, dialogue, prejudice, pluralism, cultural and social capital and social inclusion, to articles embedded in empirical research on ethnic precincts and segregation in cities, experiences of religious minorities, immigrant entrepreneurs, and more. Over its five year history, the journal has also had themed editions on cultural diversity issues, including one on embracing diversity in sport, and another on the Chinese in Australian politics. The scope of this work has been wide, and authors have brought a range of disciplinary and methodological approaches to the journal. The purpose of this paper is to draw together some of the work that has been published around cultural diversity, particularly relating to everyday experiences of cosmopolitanism and racism. Focusing on everyday social relations has been an important part of recent scholarship on cultural diversity in Australia (e.g. Wise and Velayutham 2009). In contrast to research framed around multicultural policy or mediated representations of diversity, the scholarship of the ‘everyday’ aims to explore people’s lived experiences and daily interactions with others.
Militarised violence in the service of state-imposed emergencies over Palestine and Kenya
Authors: Pfingst Annie 
Published: March 2015

States of Emergency are declared against the disorder-ing of state sovereign power by acts of resistance, rebellion and revolt and are characterised by the technologies of control, containment and punishment. Through spatial, archival and visual encounters with emergency landscapes and the geographies of resistance, the essay considers the historic and contemporary operations, provisions, regulations and practices authorised under state-imposed emergencies. It does so in order firstly, to bring attention to the practices authorised through state-imposed emergencies and the currency and saliency of their ongoing effects, and secondly to re-frame the militarised violence of settlement/occupation as an integral part of state-imposed emergencies in which all that is necessary will be done to protect the sovereign state from the resistance of the colonised/occupied and to effect a return to ‘order’. Through encounters with the archival record, and the architectures, remnants and territorial arrangements found in post-colonial Kenya and across the multiple geographies of Palestine, the essay draws out seven clusters of state imposed emergency practices and effects. The work grapples with a number of questions: what is it that a declared state of emergency performs for the state? Does a state of emergency enable particular forms of militarised violence? Are there common practices to be found across different modes of state-imposed emergencies? What is the genealogy to the states of emergency across Palestine and Kenya? Does our excavation of the practices of state-imposed emergency shed light on the ways we apprehend state violence in colonial, post-colonial and neo-colonial geographies?
Aboriginal ‘resistance war’ tactics – ‘The Black War’ of southern Queensland
Authors: Kerkhove Raymond Constant 
Published: March 2015

Frontier violence is now an accepted chapter of Australian history. Indigenous resistance is central to this story, yet little examined as a military phenomenon (Connor 2004). Indigenous military tactics and objectives are more often assumed than analysed.Building on Laurie’s and Cilento’s contentions (1959) that an alliance of Aboriginal groups staged a ‘Black War’ across southern Queensland between the 1840s and 1860s, the author seeks evidence for a historically definable conflict during this period, complete with a declaration, coordination, leadership, planning and a broader objective: usurping the pastoral industry. As the Australian situation continues to present elements which have proved difficult to reconcile with existing paradigms for military history, this study applies definitions from guerilla and terrorist conflict (e.g. Eckley 2001, Kilcullen 2009) to explain key features of the southern Queensland “Black War.”The author concludes that Indigenous resistance, to judge from southern Queensland, followed its own distinctive pattern. It achieved coordinated response through inter-tribal gatherings and sophisticated signaling. It relied on economic sabotage, targeted payback killings and harassment. It was guided by reticent “loner-leaders.” Contrary to the claims of military historians such as Dennis (1995), the author finds evidence for tactical innovation. He notes a move away from pitched battles to ambush affrays; the development of full-time ‘guerilla bands’; and use of new materials.
A meta‐analysis of oceanic DMS and DMSP cycling processes: Disentangling the summer paradox
Authors: Galí Martí , Simó Rafel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe biogenic volatile compound dimethylsulfide (DMS) is produced in the ocean mainly from the ubiquitous phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). In the upper mixed layer, DMS concentration and the daily averaged solar irradiance are roughly proportional across latitudes and seasons. This translates into a seasonal mismatch between DMS and phytoplankton biomass at low latitudes, termed the “DMS summer paradox,” which remains difficult to reproduce with biogeochemical models. Here we report on a global meta‐analysis of DMSP and DMS cycling processes and their relationship to environmental factors. We show that DMS seasonality reflects progressive changes in a short‐term dynamic equilibrium, set by the quotient between gross DMS production rates and the sum of biotic and abiotic DMS consumption rate constants. Gross DMS production is the principal driver of DMS seasonality, due to the synergistic increases toward summer in two of its underlying factors: phytoplankton DMSP content (linked to species succession) and short‐term community DMSP‐to‐DMS conversion yields (linked to physiological stress). We also show that particulate DMSP transformations (linked to grazing‐induced phytoplankton mortality) generally contribute a larger share of gross DMS production than dissolved‐phase DMSP metabolism. The summer paradox is amplified by a decrease in microbial DMS consumption rate constants toward summer. However, this effect is partially compensated by a concomitant increase in abiotic DMS loss rate constants. Besides seasonality, we identify consistent covariation between key sulfur cycling variables and trophic status. These findings should improve the modeling projections of the main natural source of climatically active atmospheric sulfur.