bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric Detection of Captopril on Graphite Screen Printed Electrodes
Authors: Areias Madalena C. C. , Toh Her Shuang , Lee Patricia T. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the electrochemical detection of captopril on commercially available screen printed electrodes (GSPE); it exploits the silver residue left behind on a GSPE during its manufacturing process and involves the catalytic formation of the silver thiol complex (Ag++RSH→AgSR+H+) at potentials corresponding to the oxidation of silver. The oxidation of the silver thiol complex was found to vary linearly with the captopril concentration up to 0.8 mM. A sensitivity of 13.34±0.58 μA mM−1 is reported with a limit of detection of 4.27±0.18 μM.
The Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effects database (CAFE), a tool that supports assessments of chemical spills in aquatic environments
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. , Farr James K. , Jenne Polly , Chu Valerie , Hielscher Al 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

The Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effects (CAFE) database is a centralized repository that allows for rapid and unrestricted access to data. Information in CAFE is integrated into a user-friendly tool with modules containing fate and effects data for 32 377 and 4498 chemicals, respectively. Toxicity data are summarized in the form of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) with associated 1st and 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HCs). An assessment of data availability relative to reported chemical incidents showed that CAFE had fate and toxicity data for 32 and 20 chemicals, respectively, of 55 chemicals reported in the US National Response Center database (2000–2014), and fate and toxicity data for 86 and 103, respectively, of 205 chemicals reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2003–2014). Modeled environmental concentrations of 2 hypothetical spills (acrylonitrile, 625 barrels; and denatured ethanol, 857 barrels) were used to demonstrate CAFE's practical application. Most species in the 24-h SSD could be potentially impacted by acrylonitrile and denatured ethanol during the first 35 min and 15 h post spill, respectively, with concentrations falling below their HC5s (17 mg/L and 2676 mg/L) at 45 min and 60 h post spill, respectively. Comparisons of CAFE-based versus published HC5 values for 100 chemicals showed that nearly half of values were within a 2-fold difference, with a relatively small number of comparisons exceeding a 10-fold difference. The development of CAFE facilitates access to relevant environmental information, with potential uses likely expanding beyond those related to assessment of spills in aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1576–1586. © 2015 SETAC
An embedded approach for immiscible multi‐fluid problems
Authors: Ryzhakov P. B. , Jarauta A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAn embedded formulation for the simulation of immiscible multi‐fluid problems is proposed. The method is particularly designed for handling gas–liquid systems. Gas and liquid are modeled using the Eulerian and the Lagrangian formulation, respectively. The Lagrangian domain (liquid) moves on top of the fixed Eulerian mesh. The location of the material interface is exactly defined by the position of the boundary mesh of the Lagrangian domain. The individual fluid problems are solved in a partitioned fashion and are coupled using a Dirichlet–Neumann algorithm. Representation of the pressure discontinuity across the interface does not require any additional techniques being an intrinsic feature of the method. The proposed formulation is validated, and its potential applications are shown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering: a literature review
Authors: Jafari Maissa , Paknejad Zahrasadat , Rad Maryam Rezai , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Eghbal Mohammad Jafar , Nadjmi Nasser , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe tissue engineering scaffold acts as an extracellular matrix that interacts to the cells prior to forming new tissues. The chemical and structural characteristics of scaffolds are major concerns in fabricating of ideal three‐dimensional structure for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds used for tissue engineering should possess proper architecture and mechanical properties in addition to supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Much research has been done on the topic of polymeric scaffold properties such as surface topographic features (roughness and hydrophilicity) and scaffold microstructures (pore size, porosity, pore interconnectivity, and pore and fiber architectures) that influence the cell–scaffold interactions. In this review, efforts were given to evaluate the effect of both chemical and structural characteristics of scaffolds on cell behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. This review would provide the fundamental information which would be beneficial for scaffold design in future. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 431–459, 2017.
A Meta-Analysis of Trabecular Bone Score in Fracture Risk Prediction and Its Relationship to FRAX
Authors: McCloskey Eugene V , Odén Anders , Harvey Nicholas C , Leslie William D , Hans Didier , Johansson Helena , Barkmann Reinhard , Boutroy Stephanie , Brown Jacques , Chapurlat Roland , Elders Petra JM , Fujita Yuki , Glüer Claus-C , Goltzman David , Iki Masayuki , Karlsson Magnus , Kindmark Andreas , Kotowicz Mark , Kurumatani Norio , Kwok Timothy , Lamy Oliver , Leung Jason , Lippuner Kurt , Ljunggren Östen , Lorentzon Mattias , Mellström Dan , Merlijn Thomas , Oei Ling , Ohlsson Claes , Pasco Julie A , Rivadeneira Fernando , Rosengren Björn , Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Szulc Pawel , Tamaki Junko , Kanis John A 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray-level textural index of bone microarchitecture derived from lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS is a bone mineral density (BMD)-independent predictor of fracture risk. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether TBS predicted fracture risk independently of FRAX probability and to examine their combined performance by adjusting the FRAX probability for TBS. We utilized individual-level data from 17,809 men and women in 14 prospective population-based cohorts. Baseline evaluation included TBS and the FRAX risk variables, and outcomes during follow-up (mean 6.7 years) comprised major osteoporotic fractures. The association between TBS, FRAX probabilities, and the risk of fracture was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and for each sex and expressed as the gradient of risk (GR; hazard ratio per 1 SD change in risk variable in direction of increased risk). FRAX probabilities were adjusted for TBS using an adjustment factor derived from an independent cohort (the Manitoba Bone Density Cohort). Overall, the GR of TBS for major osteoporotic fracture was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.53) when adjusted for age and time since baseline and was similar in men and women (p &gt; 0.10). When additionally adjusted for FRAX 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture, TBS remained a significant, independent predictor for fracture (GR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24–1.41). The adjustment of FRAX probability for TBS resulted in a small increase in the GR (1.76, 95% CI 1.65–1.87 versus 1.70, 95% CI 1.60–1.81). A smaller change in GR for hip fracture was observed (FRAX hip fracture probability GR 2.25 vs. 2.22). TBS is a significant predictor of fracture risk independently of FRAX. The findings support the use of TBS as a potential adjustment for FRAX probability, though the impact of the adjustment remains to be determined in the context of clinical assessment guidelines. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Analytic Framework for Evaluating the Validity of Concept Inventory Claims
Authors: Jorion Natalie , Gane Brian D. , James Katie , Schroeder Lianne , DiBello Louis V. , Pellegrino James W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundConcept inventories (CIs) are commonly used in engineering disciplines to assess students' conceptual understanding and to evaluate instruction, but educators often use CIs without sufficient evidence that a structured approach has been applied to validate inferences about student thinking.PurposeWe propose an analytic framework for evaluating the validity arguments of CIs. We focus on three types of claims: that CI scores enable one to infer (1) students' overall understanding of all concepts identified in the CI, (2) students' understanding of specific concepts, and (3) students' propensity for misconceptions or common errors.MethodWe applied our analytic framework to three CIs: the Concept Assessment Tool for Statics (CATS), the Statistics Concept Inventory (SCI), and the Dynamics Concept Inventory (DCI).ResultsUsing our analytic framework, we found varying degrees of support for each type of claim. CATS and DCI analyses indicated that the CIs could reliably measure students' overall understanding of all concepts identified in the CI, whereas SCI analyses provided limited evidence for this claim. Analyses revealed that the CATS could accurately measure students' understanding of specific concepts; analyses for the other two CIs did not support this claim. None of the CI analyses provided evidence that the instruments could reliably measure students' misconceptions and common errors.ConclusionsOur analytic framework provides a structure for evaluating CI validity. Engineering educators can apply this framework to evaluate aspects of CI validity and make more warranted uses and interpretations of CI outcome scores.
Entropy of corneal nerve fibers distribution observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy: A noninvasive quantitative method to characterize the corneal innervation in Sjogren's syndrome patients
Authors: Bianciardi Giorgio , Latronico Maria Eugenia , Traversi Claudio 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSjogren's syndrome (SS) is a progressive autoimmune condition mainly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands with an incidence of primary SS between 1/100 and 1/1,000. SS implies an alteration in the epithelium and subepithelium innervation, with consequent reduction of corneal sensitivity. It is necessary to have noninvasive quantitative methods to characterize the status of the corneal nerve fibers of the patients in order to choose and follow the best therapy. Entropy (information dimension) of the nerve corneal fibers distribution observed by confocal microscopy was evaluated in patients with primary SS (n = 30, 6 males, 24 females, 21–81 years), diagnosed by biopsy of salivary gland and blood tests and in sex‐ age‐matched healthy subjects (n = 12). Corneal nerve fiber density, Langerhans cell count, and cell density in the nerve plexus images were also evaluated. In selected patients salivary gland atrophy degree was also evaluated. Nerve corneal distribution observed by confocal microscopy is fractal. Entropy of the corneal nerve distribution statistically distinguishes between SS patients and healthy subjects: patients present a lower value of information dimension of the corneal nerve fibers distribution than healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Percentage of grouped cases classified by entropy according to the subjects (selected patients vs. healthy) showed a 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, P < 0.0001 with a low value of coefficient of variation among the individuals (6–7 times lower than the other morphometric indexes). Entropy correlated with the severity of the disease (salivary gland atrophy degree, P < 0.01). Evaluation of entropy of the corneal nerve distribution observed by a laser confocal microscopy appears to quantitatively and noninvasively characterize an aspect of the SS patients in relation to the recognition of an impairment of their ocular surface, giving us for the first time a method to objectively and precisely characterize the corneal innervation status in the SS patients. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1069–1074, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Potential for Waste‐Derived Materials to Form Soil Covers for the Restoration of Mine Tailings in Ireland
Authors: Smart David , Callery Sean , Courtney Ronan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRevegetation of mine tailings sites can require significant amounts of topsoil, the sourcing of which can be costly and have detrimental impacts. To address this problem at an Irish mine tailings site, engineered soils were created by mixing varying rates of glacial till with stockpiled peat and compost. Soil status was assessed using a range of soil parameters and vegetation growth characteristics and compared with locally sourced topsoil. Hordeum vulgare (Barley) germination and growth trials were assessed on engineered soils: compost with glacial till, peat with glacial till, compost/ peat with glacial till and topsoil. A range of soil quality parameters were examined including: nutrient status, dehydrogenase activity, metals availability and physical characteristics (bulk/particle density and porosity). Results demonstrate that compost derived soils yielded superior plant biomass and nutrient content, whilst peat derived treatments exhibited nutrient deficiency. Whilst the engineered soils offer potential as an alternative to sourcing topsoil for covering mine tailings, the phosphorus and metal content of composts should be assessed prior to inclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous paracetamol for relief of pain during transrectal‐ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the prostate: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Kilic Ozcan , Akand Murat , Kulaksizoglu Haluk , Haliloglu Ahmet H. , Tanidik Seher , Piskin Mehmet M. , Yurdakul Talat 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTransrectal‐ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy (TRUS‐PBx) is the standard procedure for diagnosing prostate cancer. The procedure does cause some pain and discomfort; therefore, an adequate analgesia is necessary to ensure patient comfort, which can also facilitate good‐quality results. This prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study aimed to determine if intravenous (IV) paracetamol can reduce the severity of pain associated with TRUS‐PBx. The study included 104 patients, scheduled to undergo TRUS‐PBx with a suspicion of prostate cancer, that were prospectively randomized to receive either IV paracetamol (paracetamol group) or placebo (placebo group) 30 minutes prior to TRUS‐PBx. All patients had 12 standardized biopsy samples taken. Pain was measured using a 10‐point visual analog pain scale during probe insertion, during the biopsy procedure, and 1 hour postbiopsy. All biopsies were performed by the same urologist, whereas a different urologist administered the visual analog pain scale. There were not any significant differences in age, prostate‐specific antigen level, or prostate volume between the two groups. The pain scores were significantly lower during probe insertion, biopsy procedure, and 1 hour postbiopsy in the paracetamol group than in the placebo group. In conclusion, the IV administration of paracetamol significantly reduced the severity of pain associated with TRUS‐PBx.
Etapas del modelo incremental de calidad: un análisis de las escuelas de medicina en México
Authors: Olivares-Olivares Silvia Lizett , Garza-Cruz Alejandra , Valdez-García Jorge Eugenio 
Published: October 2015

Introducción: En el posmodernismo, la atención de la salud enfrenta cambios tecnológicos, epidemiológicos y sociales. Las escuelas de medicina tienen como objetivo garantizar estándares de calidad para formar egresados que puedan desafiar estas transiciones cada vez más aceleradas.
Objetivo: Proponer etapas de un modelo incremental de calidad para clasificar a las escuelas de medicina en México, de forma que identifiquen sus prioridades para lograr la visión de impactar en los sistemas de salud en forma sustentable.
Método: El método aplicado es cualitativo y descriptivo en tres fases. Como primera fase se determinan a nivel conceptual las etapas del modelo incremental de calidad: inicio, desarrollo, estandarización, innovación y sustentabilidad. Como segunda parte, se validan las etapas a partir de una entrevista grupal a expertos (12 directivos de escuelas de medicina) y se determina una forma de clasificar a las instituciones a través de sus avales de calidad. Como última fase, se realiza un análisis de documentos para identificar el nivel de las escuelas de medicina de México a partir de sus regulaciones, afiliaciones, acreditaciones y premios de calidad.
Resultados: Las etapas presentadas del modelo fueron aprobadas por el grupo de expertos. A partir de la revisión de fuentes oficiales se encontró que el 42.8% de las escuelas de medicina en México han demostrado la pertenencia al nivel de estandarización, pero no han alcanzado el nivel de innovación ni el de sustentabilidad.
Conclusiones: Las etapas del modelo y el análisis presentado corresponden a un paso inicial para que las escuelas de medicina en México respondan a los retos del entorno. Se proponen acciones concretas para impulsar a las instituciones a escalar a niveles más altos de desempeño.
“This Is a Partnership Between All of Us”: Audiologists' Perceptions of Family Member Involvement in Hearing Rehabilitation
Authors: Meyer Carly , Scarinci Nerina , Ryan Brooke , Hickson Louise 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to explore the perceptions of audiologists about the role of family members in hearing rehabilitation for older adults with hearing impairment (HI), the influence of family member involvement on outcomes, and factors affecting family members' involvement.

Method
A qualitative descriptive research study was undertaken. Using a purposeful sampling strategy, 9 audiologists were recruited. Audiologists participated in individual semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and a process of member checking was used to enhance the trustworthiness of findings reported.

Results
The importance of promoting partnership emerged as the overarching theme. Audiologists valued promoting partnership with family members so that a shared understanding could be established, family members could be active participants with distinct roles in hearing rehabilitation, and the rehabilitation outcomes for the person with HI could be improved. Audiologists generally reported low attendance rates of family members to appointments and identified 5 major factors affecting family participation.

Conclusions
There is growing recognition among audiologists of the importance of promoting partnership with family members during the hearing rehabilitation process. More research is needed to develop and evaluate a family-centered model of hearing health care that considers the service-level barriers identified by audiologists in the present study.
Markers, Models, and Measurement Error: Exploring the Links Between Attention Deficits and Language Impairments
Authors: Redmond Sean M. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The empirical record regarding the expected co-occurrence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific language impairment is confusing and contradictory. A research plan is presented that has the potential to untangle links between these 2 common neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method
Data from completed and ongoing research projects examining the relative value of different clinical markers for separating cases of specific language impairment from ADHD are presented.

Results
The best option for measuring core language impairments in a manner that does not potentially penalize individuals with ADHD is to focus assessment on key grammatical and verbal memory skills. Likewise, assessment of ADHD symptoms through standardized informant rating scales is optimized when they are adjusted for overlapping language and academic symptoms.

Conclusion
As a collection, these clinical metrics set the stage for further examination of potential linkages between attention deficits and language impairments.
Chromatin extrusion explains key features of loop and domain formation in wild-type and engineered genomes
Authors: Sanborn Adrian L. , Rao Suhas S. P. , Huang Su-Chen , Durand Neva C. , Huntley Miriam H. , Jewett Andrew I. , Bochkov Ivan D. , Chinnappan Dharmaraj , Cutkosky Ashok , Li Jian , Geeting Kristopher P. , Gnirke Andreas , Melnikov Alexandre , McKenna Doug , Stamenova Elena K. , Lander Eric S. , Aiden Erez Lieberman 
Published: October 2015

Significance
When the human genome folds up inside the cell nucleus, it is spatially partitioned into numerous loops and contact domains. How these structures form is unknown. Here, we show that data from high-resolution spatial proximity maps are consistent with a model in which a complex, including the proteins CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin, mediates the formation of loops by a process of extrusion. Contact domains form as a byproduct of this process. The model accurately predicts how the genome will fold, using only information about the locations at which CTCF is bound. We demonstrate the ability to reengineer loops and domains in a predictable manner by creating highly targeted mutations, some as small as a single base pair, at CTCF sites.
Multifrequency Oscillatory Ventilation in the Premature Lung
Authors: Kaczka David W. , Herrmann Jacob , Zonneveld C. Elroy , Tingay David G. , Lavizzari Anna , Noble Peter B. , Pillow J. Jane 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
In preterm lambs, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation using simultaneous multiple oscillation frequencies improved gas exchange and lung recruitment at lower distending pressures; thus, future trials of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation might incorporate this approach.

Background
Despite the theoretical benefits of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in preterm infants, systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials do not confirm improved outcomes. The authors hypothesized that oscillating a premature lung with multiple frequencies simultaneously would improve gas exchange compared with traditional single-frequency oscillatory ventilation (SFOV). The goal of this study was to develop a novel method for HFOV, termed “multifrequency oscillatory ventilation” (MFOV), which relies on a broadband flow waveform more suitable for the heterogeneous mechanics of the immature lung.

Methods
Thirteen intubated preterm lambs were randomly assigned to either SFOV or MFOV for 1 h, followed by crossover to the alternative regimen for 1 h. The SFOV waveform consisted of a pure sinusoidal flow at 5 Hz, whereas the customized MFOV waveform consisted of a 5-Hz fundamental with additional energy at 10 and 15 Hz. Per standardized protocol, mean pressure at airway opening (

JOURNAL/anet/04.03/00000542-201512000-00030/inline-graphic1/v/2024-12-02T212441Z/r/image-png

) and inspired oxygen fraction were adjusted as needed, and root mean square of the delivered oscillatory volume waveform (V
rms) was adjusted at 15-min intervals. A ventilatory cost function for SFOV and MFOV was defined as

JOURNAL/anet/04.03/00000542-201512000-00030/inline-graphic2/v/2024-12-02T212441Z/r/image-png

, where Wt denotes body weight.

Results
Averaged over all time points, MFOV resulted in significantly lower V
C (246.9 ± 6.0 vs. 363.5 ± 15.9 ml2 mmHg kg−1) and

JOURNAL/anet/04.03/00000542-201512000-00030/inline-graphic3/v/2024-12-02T212441Z/r/image-png

(12.8 ± 0.3 vs. 14.1 ± 0.5 cm H2O) compared with SFOV, suggesting more efficient gas exchange and enhanced lung recruitment at lower mean airway pressures.

Conclusion
Oscillation with simultaneous multiple frequencies may be a more efficient ventilator modality in premature lungs compared with traditional single-frequency HFOV.