bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictions of barrier island berm evolution in a time‐varying storm climatology
Authors: Plant Nathaniel G. , Flocks James , Stockdon Hilary F. , Long Joseph W. , Guy Kristy , Thompson David M. , Cormier Jamie M. , Smith Christopher G. , Miselis Jennifer L. , Dalyander P. Soupy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLow‐lying barrier islands are ubiquitous features of the world's coastlines, and the processes responsible for their formation, maintenance, and destruction are related to the evolution of smaller, superimposed features including sand dunes, beach berms, and sandbars. The barrier island and its superimposed features interact with oceanographic forces (e.g., overwash) and exchange sediment with each other and other parts of the barrier island system. These interactions are modulated by changes in storminess. An opportunity to study these interactions resulted from the placement and subsequent evolution of a 2 m high sand berm constructed along the northern Chandeleur Islands, LA. We show that observed berm length evolution is well predicted by a model that was fit to the observations by estimating two parameters describing the rate of berm length change. The model evaluates the probability and duration of berm overwash to predict episodic berm erosion. A constant berm length change rate is also predicted that persists even when there is no overwash. The analysis is extended to a 16 year time series that includes both intraannual and interannual variability of overwash events. This analysis predicts that as many as 10 or as few as 1 day of overwash conditions would be expected each year. And an increase in berm elevation from 2 m to 3.5 m above mean sea level would reduce the expected frequency of overwash events from 4 to just 0.5 event‐days per year. This approach can be applied to understanding barrier island and berm evolution at other locations using past and future storm climatologies.
Copper Nanoparticles from Copper Aluminum Hydrotalcite: An Efficient Catalyst for Acceptor‐ and Oxidant‐Free Dehydrogenation of Amines and Alcohols
Authors: Damodara Dandu , Arundhathi Racha , Likhar Pravin R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn efficient and simple process for the preparation of stable nanocopper(0) on alumina [Cu(0)/Al2O3] from the inorganic composite precursor copper aluminum hydrotalcite (Cu‐Al HT) by a chemical reduction method is described. Cu(0)/Al2O3 was employed as an efficient catalyst in the acceptor‐ and oxidant‐free dehydrogenation of various amines and alcohols to their corresponding dehydrogenated products in good to excellent yields. The stability of Cu(0)/Al2O3 was assessed by studying its recoverability and reusability in the dehydrogenation of amines and alcohols for up to five cycles.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Methoxylation of Aromatic Chlorides with Borate Salts
Authors: Tolnai Gergely L. , Pethő Bálint , Králl Péter , Novák Zoltán 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHerein we disclose a simple palladium‐catalyzed transformation for the methoxylation of aromatic chlorides with tetramethoxyborate salts. The procedure provides a new and efficient synthetic tool for the introduction of a methoxy group into aromatic systems. In addition, the reaction can be achieved using a wide range of aromatic and heteroaromatic chlorides, the cheapest class of halides.magnified image
New Polyimide and Nanoporous Structures with Low Dielectric Constant
Authors: Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Aram Elham 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA diamine containing pyridine ring, amide, and ether groups was prepared via two‐step reactions from 6‐chloronicotinoyl chloride. A novel polyimide was prepared from polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride with the diamine. In addition, nanoporous polyimide films were prepared from graft copolyimides. A thermally labile oligomer, poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), was incorporated into the polyimide backbone to obtain graft copolyimides that left voids into the polymer matrix through thermolysis of the labile PPG blocks. The properties of polyimide and nanofoams were compared. The dielectric constant of nanofoams was reduced, whereas their thermal stability and mechanical properties were almost maintained in comparison to the homopolyimide.
Intramolecular Interactions of a Phenyl/Perfluorophenyl Pair in the Formation of Supramolecular Nanofibers and Hydrogels
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Min , Lin Yu‐Chun , Chang Jui‐Wen , Liu Yu‐Hao , Lin Hsin‐Chieh 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new system for the incorporation of a phenyl/perfluorophenyl pair in the structure of a peptide hydrogelator was developed. The strategy is based on the idea that the integration of an end‐capped perfluorophenyl group and a phenylalanine with a phenyl moiety in the side chain forms an intramolecular phenyl/perfluorophenyl pair, which can be used to promote the formation of the supramolecular nanofibers and hydrogels. This work illustrates the importance of structure‐hydrogelation relationship and provides new insights into the design of self‐assembly nanobiomaterials.
Fiber‐Based Flexible All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors for Integrated Photodetecting System
Authors: Wang Xianfu , Liu Bin , Liu Rong , Wang Qiufan , Hou Xiaojuan , Chen Di , Wang Rongming , Shen Guozhen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntegrated nanodevices with the capability of storing energy are widely applicable and have thus been studied extensively. To meet the demand for flexible integrated devices, all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors that simultaneously realize energy storage and optoelectronic detection were fabricated by growing Co3O4 nanowires on nickel fibers, thus giving the positive electrode, and employing graphene as both the negative electrode and light‐sensitive material. The as‐assembled integrated systems were characterized by an improved energy storage, enhanced power density (at least by 1860 % enhanced) by improving the potential window from 0–0.6 V to 0—1.5 V, excellent photoresponse to white light, and superior flexibility of both the fiber‐based asymmetric supercapacitor and the photodetector. Such flexible integrated devices might be used in smart and self‐powered sensory, wearable, and portable electronics.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Trifluoromethylazidation of Alkenes: Convenient Access to CF3‐Containing Alkyl Azides
Authors: Wang Fei , Qi Xiaoxu , Liang Zhaoli , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed intermolecular trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes has been developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of CF3‐containing organoazides were directly synthesized from a wide range of olefins, including activated and unactivated alkenes, and the resulting products can be easily transformed into the corresponding CF3‐containing amine derivatives.
Catalytic Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition of α‐Isothiocyanato Phosphonates: Synthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy‐ or β‐Amino‐Substituted α‐Amino Phosphonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Cao Yi‐Ming , Shen Fang‐Fang , Zhang Fu‐Ting , Zhang Jin‐Long , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2014

Abstractα‐Amino phosphonic acid derivatives are considered to be the most important structural analogues of α‐amino acids and have a very wide range of applications. However, approaches for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of such useful compounds are very limited. In this work, simple, efficient, and versatile organocatalytic asymmetric 1,2‐addition reactions of α‐isothiocyanato phosphonate were developed. Through these processes, derivatives of β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino phosphonic acid and α,β‐diamino phosphonic acid, as well as highly functionalized phosphonate‐substituted spirooxindole, can be efficiently constructed (up to 99 % yield, d.r. >20:1, and >99 % ee). This novel method provides a new route for the enantioselective functionalization of α‐phosphonic acid derivatives.
Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis of Kulkenon
Authors: Symkenberg Gerrit , Kalesse Markus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe impressive biological profile of secondary metabolites isolated from strains of Sorangium cellulosum prompted us to initiate synthetic studies on kulkenon, also isolated from Sorangium cellulosum. The synthesis features a syn‐selective vinylogous Kobayashi aldol reaction, recently developed by us, and a ring‐closing intramolecular Heck reaction as the pivotal transformations. Comparison of the NMR spectra of the authentic and synthetic material revealed that the proposed configuration had to be revised. A combination of molecular modeling and NOE experiments was used to propose the revised configuration, which was confirmed by a new synthesis.
Galectin‐3 disruption impaired tumoral angiogenesis by reducing VEGF secretion from TGFβ1‐induced macrophages
Authors: Machado Camila Maria Longo , Andrade Luciana Nogueira Sousa , Teixeira Verônica Rodrigues , Costa Fabrício Falconi , Melo Camila Morais , dos Santos Sofia Nascimento , Nonogaki Suely , Liu Fu‐Tong , Bernardes Emerson Soares , Camargo Anamaria Aranha , Chammas Roger 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn order to study the role of galectin‐3 in tumor angiogenesis associated with tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor parenchyma, the galectin‐3 expression was reconstituted in Tm1 melanoma cell line that lacks this protein. Galectin‐3‐expressing cells (Tm1G3) and mock‐vector transfected cells (Tm1N3) were injected into wild‐type (WT) and galectin‐3 knockout (KO) C57Bl/6 mice. Tumors originated from Tm1G3 were larger in tumor volume with enlarged functional vessels, decreased necrotic areas, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels. Galectin‐3‐nonexpressing‐cells injected into WT and KO showed increased levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and, in WT animals this feature was also accompanied by increased VEGFR2 expression and its phosphorylation. In KO animals, tumors derived from galectin‐3‐expressing cells were infiltrated by CD68+‐cells, whereas in tumors derived from galectin‐3‐nonexpressing‐cells, CD68+ cells failed to infiltrate tumors and accumulated in the periphery of the tumor mass. In vitro studies showed that Tm1G3 secreted more VEGF than Tm1N3 cells. In the latter case, TGFβ1 induced VEGF production. Basal secretion of VEGF was higher in WT‐bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) than in KO‐BMDM. TGFβ1 induced secretion of VEGF only in WT‐BMDM. Tm1G3‐induced tumors had the Arginase I mRNA increased, which upregulated alternative macrophage (M2)/TAM induction. M2 stimuli, such as interleukin‐4 (IL4) and TGFβ1, increased Arginase I protein levels and galectin‐3 expression in WT‐ BMDM, but not in cells from KO mice. Hence, we report that galectin‐3 disruption in tumor stroma and parenchyma decreases angiogenesis through interfering with the responses of macrophages to the interdependent VEGF and TGFβ1 signaling pathways.
In which clinical scenario would awake fibreoptic nasal intubation be employed?
Authors: Kassam Karim , Rope Tasmin 
Published: January 2014

Key Clinical MessageThe routine way to access the uncomplicated airway is via direct laryngoscopy. When this is not possible, there are a number of other techniques to help visualization such as the video laryngoscopy. These require a degree of mouth opening. With almost complete trismus, the clinician should resort to awake fibreoptic nasal intubation to secure the airway.
Improved survival using intensity‐modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancers: A SEER‐Medicare analysis
Authors: Beadle Beth M. , Liao Kai‐Ping , Elting Linda S. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Ang K. Kian , Garden Adam S. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh 
Published: January 2014

BACKGROUNDIntensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a technologically advanced, and more expensive, method of delivering radiation therapy with a goal of minimizing toxicity. It has been widely adopted for head and neck cancers; however, its comparative impact on cancer control and survival remains unknown. The goal of this analysis was to compare the cause‐specific survival (CSS) for patients with head and neck cancers treated with IMRT versus non‐IMRT from 1999 to 2007.METHODSCSS was determined using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database and analyzed regarding treatment details, including the use of IMRT versus non‐IMRT, using claims data. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by the frailty model with a propensity score matching cohort and instrumental variable analysis.RESULTSA total of 3172 patients were identified. With a median follow‐up of 40 months, patients treated with IMRT had a statistically significant improvement in CSS compared with those treated with non‐IMRT (84.1% versus 66.0%; P < .001). When each anatomic subsite was analyzed separately, all respective subgroups of patients treated with IMRT had better CSS than those treated with non‐IMRT. In multivariable survival analyses, patients treated with IMRT were associated with better CSS (HR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval  = 0.59 to 0.90 for propensity score matching; HR = 0.60, 95% confidence interval = 0.41 to 0.88 for instrumental variable analysis).CONCLUSIONSPatients with head and neck cancers who were treated with IMRT experienced significant improvements in CSS compared with patients treated with non‐IMRT techniques. This suggests there may be benefits to IMRT in cancer outcomes, in addition to toxicity reduction, for this patient population. Cancer 2014;120:702–710. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Aroma enhancement and enzymolysis regulation of grape wine using β‐glycosidase
Authors: Zhu Feng‐Mei , Du Bin , Li Jun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdding β‐glycosidase into grape wine for enhancing aroma was investigated using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and Kramer sensory evaluation. Compared with the extract from control wines, the extract from enzyme‐treated wines increased more aromatic compounds using steam distillation extraction (SDE) and GC‐MS analyses. Theses aromatic compounds were as follows: 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol formate, 3‐pentanol, furfural, 3‐methyl‐butanoic acid, 2‐methyl‐butanoic acid, 3‐hydroxy‐butanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, benzyl alcohol, octanoic acid, octanoic acid ethyl ester, dodecanoic acid, and ethyl ester. The enzymolysis regulation conditions, including enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time, and enzyme amount, were optimized through L9(34) orthogonal test. Kramer sensory evaluation was performed by an 11‐man panel of judges. The optimum enzymolysis regulation conditions were found to be temperature of 45°C, enzymolysis time of 90 min, and enzyme amount of 58.32 U/mL grape wine, respectively. The Kramer sensory evaluation supported that the enzyme‐treated wines produced a stronger fragrance.
Kinetics and Mechanism Studies on Dispersion of CNT in SDS Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Chen Jung‐Hui 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe objects of this research are to study the dispersion of CNT (carbon nanotube) in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) aqueous solutions with kinetics approach and to obtain some information about mechanism for this dispersion. Firstly, I measured the UV‐visible absorption at 260 nm of CNT in SDS aqueous solutions after different time of dispersion for different concentrations of CNT and SDS. Then, curves of the time‐dependent absorbance were analyzed by various mathematical models and were found to fit well with equation of A = A∞ exp(‐kobs t), where A∞ is the absorbance at infinite time and kobs is the observed rate constant. The values of A∞, kobs, and, minimum time for dispersion can be obtained. From the effects of concentrations of SDS and CNT on A∞ and kobs, the dissociation constant for CNT‐SDS complex and the optimum ratio of [CNT]/[SDS] can be estimated. Finally, the mechanism for this dispersion may be proposed as”$\rm{b-CNT \xrightleftharpoons[\rm{k_{-1} \left[CNT\right]} ]{\rm{k_{1}}} CNT \xrightharpoon[]{\rm{k_{2} \left[SDS\right]}} CNT-SDS}$where b‐CNT, CNT, CNT‐SDS, and, ki s are bounded CNT, exfoliated CNT, CNT‐SDS complex, and, the rate constants, respectively. In this mechanism, b‐CNT is firstly unbounded by supersonic energy to form CNT intermediate with rate constant of k1, which is proportional to the supersonic energy per time. The CNT intermediate then recombines to form b‐CNT with rate constant k−1[CNT] or reacts with SDS to form CNT‐SDS complex, which has absorbance at 260 nm in UV‐visible spectrum, with rate constant of k2 [SDS]. Details of kinetics and mechanism will be discussed in this paper.
Cysteine and Methionine Derivatives of Aminophenol Ligands: Synthesis, Iron Complexation, Magnetic, Electronic and Redox Investigation
Authors: Sheykhi Hamid , Safaei Elham 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo new Cysteine and Methionine derivatives of aminophenol ligands (HLCys and HLMet) were synthesized by a convenient procedure. The ligands were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies, ESI‐MS, elemental analysis and optical activity measurements. Iron(III) complexes (FeLCys and FeLMet) of these ligands were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, magnetic susceptibility studies and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The molecular structure of FeLCys and FeLMet determined by ESI‐MS consist of two ligands coordinated to Fe(III) centers. The magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates the monomeric complexes with paramagnetic properties. Both complexes undergo metal‐centred reduction, and ligand‐centred oxidation.
DC‐STAMP, the Key Fusion‐Mediating Molecule in Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Dou Ce , Xu Jianzhong , Dong Shiwu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs a member of the mononuclear phagocyte system, osteoclasts (OC) absorb the bone matrix and participate in bone modeling by keeping a balance with osteoblasts (OB) and stromal cells. Mature OC derive from the fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts (mOC) and the fusion is considered as the indispensable process for the osteoclastogenesis and absorbing activity of OC. DC‐STAMP (dendritic cell‐specific transmembrane protein) has been validated playing a key role in the fusion of mOC. DC‐STAMP is mainly expressed in OC, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). While DC‐STAMP was discovered in DC, more attentions have been paid to DC‐STAMP in OC in this decade. This review will mainly focus on the function of DC‐STAMP in OC. Studies on DC‐STAMP in DC may also provide new sight for the study of DC‐STAMP in OC. Since the function of DC‐STAMP is still poorly understood and few studies have been implemented for illustration, many issues are still unknown and need to be revealed. We will also discuss these questions in this review. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1330–1335, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Polymers Featuring Oxacyclophane‐Scaffolded π‐Stacking Interactions
Authors: Mangalum Anshuman , Morgan Brad P. , Tennyson Andrew G. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: January 2014

An oxacyclophane framework is modified to include π‐conjugated segments positioned so as to allow an optimized face‐to‐face π‐stacking interaction between them. This unique architecture is first employed for the preparation of model compounds with defined interaction between two small molecular organic chromophores. The interaction allows facile through‐space energy transfer between the chromophores when they are held in the appropriate geometry. The oxacyclophane is thus employed in a polymer with consecutive short stretches of phenylene ethynylene such that polymer chain conjugation requires through‐space interaction between segments rather than the through‐bond π‐conjugation that typifies traditional conjugated polymers. The extent of the through‐space interactions along the polymer backbone is explored through photophysical measurements, calculations, X‐ray diffraction, and comparison with a variety of model and control materials.
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Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase‐1 Enzyme as Emerging Anti‐Inflammatory Candidates
Authors: Singh Bahia Malkeet , Kumar Katare Yogesh , Silakari Om , Vyas Bhawna , Silakari Pragati 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCyclooxygenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into PGH2 that is further metabolized by terminal prostaglandin (PG) synthases into biologically active PGs, for example, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α). Among them, PGE2 is a widely distributed PG in the human body, and an important mediator of inflammatory processes. The successful modulation of this PG provides a beneficial strategy for the potential anti‐inflammatory therapy. For instance, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), both classical nonselective (cNSAIDs) and the selective COX‐2 inhibitors (coxibs) attenuate the generation of PGH2 from AA that in turn reduces the synthesis of PGE2 and modifies the inflammatory conditions. However, the long‐term use of these agents causes severe side effects due to the nonselective inhibition of other PGs, such as PGI2 and TXA2, etc. Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1), a downstream PG synthase, specifically catalyzes the biosynthesis of COX‐2‐derived PGE2 from PGH2, and describes itself as a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disease conditions. Therefore, the small molecule inhibitors of mPGES‐1 would serve as a beneficial anti‐inflammatory therapy, with reduced side effects that are usually associated with the nonselective inhibition of PG biosynthesis.
BMI and the risk of colorectal adenoma in African‐Americans
Authors: Ashktorab Hassan , Paydar Mansour , Yazdi Shahla , Namin Hassan Hassanzadeh , Sanderson Andrew , Begum Rehana , Semati Mohammad , Etaati Firoozeh , Lee Edward , Brim Hassan , Zenebe Anteneh , Nunlee‐Bland Gail , Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Nouraie Mehdi 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesObesity is associated with the activation of the molecular pathways that increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Increasing body mass index may accelerate the development of adenomatous polyps, the antecedent lesion of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the BMI effect on the risk of colonic polyp and adenoma in African‐American.MethodsThe records of 923 patients who underwent colonoscopy were examined. Demographic and clinical data were collected before colonoscopy. Polyp and adenoma diagnosis were confirmed by pathology examinations.ResultsOverall, 43% of the patients were male, median age was 57 years and 77% had BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2. The frequency of colorectal polyps and adenomas were 61 and 35%, respectively. BMI ≥ 25.0 (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.14‐2.26), smoking (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.15‐2.26) and history of colon polyps (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.09‐2.47) were associated with higher risk of colon polyp. BMI ≥ 25.0 (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.24‐2.62), age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02‐2.05 for each year), male gender (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.86), and smoking (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.23‐2.42) were associated with higher risk of colon adenoma.ConclusionMale and overweight African‐Americans are at higher risk of colorectal adenoma. The findings of this study could be applied for risk stratification and modifying the colorectal cancer prevention including screening guideline in African Americans.