bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant local circular dichroism within an asymmetric plasmonic nanoparticle trimer
Authors: Wang Hancong , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Han , Wang Peijie , Wen Shuangchun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigated the near-field response in silver nanoparticle aggregates to the excitation of circular polarized light. In a right-angle trimer system, the local field intensity excited by right-hand circularly polarized light is almost one thousand times larger than the left-hand case. By analyzing the polarization and phase of the local field in plasmonic hotspots, we found this local circular dichroism is originated from the near-field interference excited by orthogonal polarized incident lights. The local circular dichroism can be tuned by the rotation of the third particle, the interparticle distance and the dielectric environment. This phenomenon could also widely exist in more complicated nanoaggregates. These findings would benefit for resolving light handedness and enhancing circular dichroism and optical activity.
Measurement and mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from a high nitrogen input vegetable system
Authors: Lam Shu Kee , Suter Helen , Davies Rohan , Bai Mei , Sun Jianlei , Chen Deli 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe emission and mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from high nitrogen (N) vegetable systems is not well understood. Nitrification inhibitors are widely used to decrease N2O emissions in many cropping systems. However, most N2O flux measurements and inhibitor impacts have been made with small chambers and have not been investigated at a paddock-scale using micrometeorological techniques. We quantified N2O fluxes over a four ha celery paddock using open-path Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with a backward Lagrangian stochastic model, in addition to using a closed chamber technique. The celery crop was grown on a sandy soil in southern Victoria, Australia. The emission of N2O was measured following the application of chicken manure and N fertilizer with and without the application of a nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP). The two techniques consistently demonstrated that DMPP application reduced N2O emission by 37–44%, even though the N2O fluxes measured by a micrometeorological technique were more than 10 times higher than the small chamber measurements. The results suggest that nitrification inhibitors have the potential to mitigate N2O emission from intensive vegetable production systems and that the national soil N2O emission inventory assessments and modelling predictions may vary with gas measurement techniques.
X‐band flexible bandpass filter based on ultra‐thin liquid crystal polymer substrate
Authors: Lan Yu , Xu Yuehang , Wang Changsi , Wen Zhang , Qiu Yijie , Mei Tengda , Wu Yunqiu , Xu Ruimin 
Published: February 2015

The performance of an X‐band flexible band‐filter on ultra‐thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate is investigated. The 50 µm‐thick LCP substrate is adopted to enhance the flexibility of circuits. For the purpose of fabrication by the conventional printed circuit board process, copper‐clad laminate with 18 µm thickness is selected. Excellent microwave transmission characterisation is demonstrated by measuring the microstrip line at flat and bending conditions. An X‐band interdigital bandpass filter based on a half‐wavelength microstrip line resonator is designed and fabricated for purpose of demonstration. The measured results at the flat condition show that the insertion loss is 2.1 dB at centre frequency of 9.4 GHz and the return loss is better than 20 dB at the designed band. The performance at the bending condition shows that the bending effect causes little deterioration to the performance at a different bending radius.
Acute Spinal Subdural Hematoma after Vertebroplasty: A Case Report Emphasizing the Possible Etiologic Role of Venous Congestion
Authors: Mattei Tobias A. , Rehman Azeem A. , Dinh Dzung H. 
Published: February 2015

Study Design Case report and literature review. Objective Spinal subdural hematomas are rare events that often progress with severe neurologic deficits. Although there have been several case reports in the literature of spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas in the setting of anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, or coagulation disorders, the exact pathophysiology of such phenomena remains obscure. Methods We present the first report of a subdural hematoma after a percutaneous vertebroplasty and provide a comprehensive review on the anatomy of venous drainage of the vertebral bodies with emphasis on the possible effects of venous congestion caused by cement obstruction. Results Because the subdural hematoma occurred in the absence of major cement extravasation to the spinal canal and two levels above the site of the vertebroplasty, we discuss the possible role of venous congestion as the main etiologic factor leading to rupture of the fragile, valveless radiculomedullary veins into the subdural space. Conclusions The reported case supports a possible new pathophysiological scheme for the development of spinal subdural hematoma in which venous congestion plays a pivotal etiologic role. The reported findings suggests that future anatomical and histologic studies investigating the response of the radiculomedullary veins to congestive venous hypertension may shed new light into the pathophysiology of spinal subdural hematomas.
Dynamics of gene circuits shapes evolvability
Authors: Jiménez Alba , Cotterell James , Munteanu Andreea , Sharpe James 
Published: February 2015

Significance
It is widely accepted that the structure of a biological system limits the range of possible novel phenotypes accessible by mutation. Here we show that it is not only the phenotype that determines this evolvability, but also the dynamics of how that phenotype is built during development. We perform theoretical analysis on a group of simple gene regulatory circuits that have recently been shown to fall into a handful of distinct dynamical mechanisms all producing the same phenotype: interpreting a morphogen gradient into a single-domain of gene expression. We find that the dynamical mechanisms underlying each circuit impose strong constraints on its evolvability, as hypothesized in a more general context by John Maynard Smith in the 1980s.
Distinct pathways of RNA polymerase regulation by a phage-encoded factor
Authors: Esyunina Daria , Klimuk Evgeny , Severinov Konstantin , Kulbachinskiy Andrey 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Transcription termination is an essential regulatory step in gene expression, but its molecular mechanisms remain less understood in comparison with other steps of transcription, owing to the highly dynamic nature of the termination process. Antitermination factors play important regulatory roles in bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes, but only a few such factors have been studied in molecular detail. We describe a pathway of transcription antitermination by a viral factor that involves suppression of RNA polymerase pausing and stabilization of the transcription complex through interactions with an evolutionary conserved ω subunit of RNA polymerase. The results of the study extend the list of universal RNA polymerase sites able to accept regulatory inputs and provide new insights into the mechanisms of transcription termination.
Highly multiplexed profiling of single-cell effector functions reveals deep functional heterogeneity in response to pathogenic ligands
Authors: Lu Yao , Xue Qiong , Eisele Markus R. , Sulistijo Endah S. , Brower Kara , Han Lin , Amir El-ad David , Pe’er Dana , Miller-Jensen Kathryn , Fan Rong 
Published: February 2015

Significance
We demonstrated codetection of 42 immune effector proteins in single cells, representing the highest multiplexing recorded to date for a single-cell secretion assay. Using this platform to profile differentiated macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide reveals previously unobserved deep functional heterogeneity and varying levels of pathogenic activation, which is conserved throughout the cell activation process and prevails as it is extended to other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and to primary human macrophages. The results indicate that the phenotypically similar cell population could still exhibit a large degree of intrinsic heterogeneity at the cell function level. This technology enables full-spectrum dissection of immune functional states in response to pathogenic stimulation and allows for more comprehensive and accurate monitoring of cellular immunity.
Aberrant recombination and repair during immunoglobulin class switching in BRCA1-deficient human B cells
Authors: Björkman Andrea , Qvist Per , Du Likun , Bartish Margarita , Zaravinos Apostolos , Georgiou Konstantinos , Børglum Anders D. , Gatti Richard A. , Törngren Therese , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceDNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most deleterious types of DNA lesions and may pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is a multifunctional DNA damage response factor that is known to protect the chromosome/genome stability by participating in one of the major DSB repair pathways, homologous recombination (HR). Here we show that in human B cells BRCA1 is also required for another major DSB repair pathway, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR), probably by inhibition of resection and microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), as well as promotion of long-range recombination. Our study provides previously unrecognized insights into BRCA1’s function in maintaining genome stability and tumor suppression.
Sulfur-cycling fossil bacteria from the 1.8-Ga Duck Creek Formation provide promising evidence of evolution's null hypothesis
Authors: Schopf J. William , Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B. , Walter Malcolm R. , Van Kranendonk Martin J. , Williford Kenneth H. , Kozdon Reinhard , Valley John W. , Gallardo Victor A. , Espinoza Carola , Flannery David T. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
An ancient deep-sea mud-inhabiting 1,800-million-year-old sulfur-cycling microbial community from Western Australia is essentially identical both to a fossil community 500 million years older and to modern microbial biotas discovered off the coast of South America in 2007. The fossils are interpreted to document the impact of the mid-Precambrian increase of atmospheric oxygen, a world-changing event that altered the history of life. Although the apparent 2-billion-year-long stasis of such sulfur-cycling ecosystems is consistent with the null hypothesis required of Darwinian evolution—if there is no change in the physical-biological environment of a well-adapted ecosystem, its biotic components should similarly remain unchanged—additional evidence will be needed to establish this aspect of evolutionary theory.
Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin functions as crucial chaperone reservoir inLeishmania infantum
Authors: Teixeira Filipa , Castro Helena , Cruz Tânia , Tse Eric , Koldewey Philipp , Southworth Daniel R. , Tomás Ana M. , Jakob Ursula 
Published: February 2015

SignificancePeroxiredoxins (Prxs) are highly abundant proteins, which serve two seemingly mutually exclusive roles as peroxidases and molecular chaperones. Little is known about the precise mechanism of Prxs’ activation as chaperone and the physiological significance of this second function. Here we demonstrate that inLeishmania infantum, reduced Prx provides a crucial, stress-specific chaperone reservoir, which is activated rapidly upon exposure to unfolding stress conditions. Once activated, Prx protects a wide range of different clients against protein unfolding. Clients are bound in the center of the decameric ring, providing experimental evidence for previous claims that Prxs serve as likely ancestors of chaperonins. Interference with client binding impairsLeishmaniainfectivity, providing compelling evidence for the in vivo importance of Prx’s chaperone function.
Suppression of systemic autoimmunity by the innate immune adaptor STING
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Campbell Allison M. , Chan Jennie , Schattgen Stefan A. , Orlowski Gregory M. , Nayar Ribhu , Huyler Annie H. , Nündel Kerstin , Mohan Chandra , Berg Leslie J. , Shlomchik Mark J. , Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Fitzgerald Katherine A. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that presents with a diverse array of clinical symptoms and afflicts over 1.5 million Americans. Current treatments involve immunosuppressive regimens associated with debilitating and adverse effects. With the description of a role for innate signaling in SLE, safe and efficient therapies that block Toll-like receptors also have been stymied by the relative short in vivo half lives of known inhibitors and the dangerous outcome of complete MyD88 blockade. Key natural regulators of the disease process are not well described but are more likely to provide disease-specific therapeutics with fewer adverse effects. In this study, we have identified a novel function for Stimulator of interferon genes as a suppressor of disease and a target for future SLE therapeutics.
N2gas is an effective fertilizer for bioethanol production byZymomonas mobilis
Authors: Kremer Timothy A. , LaSarre Breah , Posto Amanda L. , McKinlay James B. 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceRecently there has been a surge in ethanol biofuel production from cellulosic feedstocks, offering more environmental benefits than conventional ethanol production from food crops. However, cellulosic feedstocks are low in nitrogen, requiring that millions of dollars be spent on nitrogen supplements to grow the ethanol-producing microbes.Zymomonas mobilisis a bacterium that has long been viewed as a potential rival to Baker’s yeast as an ethanol producer. Contrary to published remarks, we discovered thatZ. mobiliscan use the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, N2, as a nitrogen source and does so without detriment to the high ethanol yield. Using N2-utilizingZ. mobiliscould offset much of the monetary and environmental costs of current industrial nitrogen supplements.
Revealing the density of encoded functions in a viral RNA
Authors: Patel Nikesh , Dykeman Eric C. , Coutts Robert H. A. , Lomonossoff George P. , Rowlands David J. , Phillips Simon E. V. , Ranson Neil , Twarock Reidun , Tuma Roman , Stockley Peter G. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Single-stranded RNA viruses self-assemble protective protein containers around their cognate genomes rapidly and efficiently at low concentrations. RNA encapsidation in vivo occurs preferentially with the cognate genome, in contrast to many in vitro reassembly experiments. We describe in molecular detail how this specificity and efficiency is accomplished using multiple contacts between coat proteins and dispersed packaging signals in the viral genome. The sequences and relative positioning of the packaging signals are important for this mechanism, creating a strong evolutionary constraint. Packaging signals overlap untranslated and coding regions ensuring assembly is in competition with other functions of the genome. Disrupting these contacts has deleterious consequences for capsid assembly identifying a novel antiviral drug target.
Classification of charge density waves based on their nature
Authors: Zhu Xuetao , Cao Yanwei , Zhang Jiandi , Plummer E. W. , Guo Jiandong 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Charge density waves (CDWs) are observed in many solids, especially in low-dimensional systems. Their existence was first predicted in the 1930s by Rudolf Peierls, who prophesied that CDWs would exist in an ideal one-dimensional (1D) chain of atoms, lowering the energy of the system and driving a reconstruction of the lattice. In 1959, Walter Kohn pointed out that this nesting results in what is now known as a “Kohn anomaly,” a simultaneous softening of coherent lattice vibrations, i.e., phonon softening. This simple textbook picture of the origin of CDWs does not seem to be correct in many materials and in this report we propose a previously unidentified classification of CDWs based upon their nature.
An early secretory pathway mediated by GNOM-LIKE 1 and GNOM is essential for basal polarity establishment inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Doyle Siamsa M. , Haeger Ash , Vain Thomas , Rigal Adeline , Viotti Corrado , Łangowska Małgorzata , Ma Qian , Friml Jiří , Raikhel Natasha V. , Hicks Glenn R. , Robert Stéphanie 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceWithin plants, controlled gradients of the hormone auxin are essential for development. These gradients are achieved through intracellular polar positioning of auxin transporter proteins, such as PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs), at the plasma membrane, thus guiding the direction of auxin transport. The establishment and maintenance of PIN polarity is controlled within each cell by complicated trafficking pathways of the endomembrane system. In the model plantArabidopsis, it has long been known that endocytosis and recycling trafficking routes play roles in PIN polarity. In this study, we reveal the role of a secretory route in this process. Our evidence shows that this secretory trafficking route selectively controls basal (rootward) but not apical (shootward) PIN polarity.
Self-affirmation alters the brain’s response to health messages and subsequent behavior change
Authors: Falk Emily B. , O’Donnell Matthew Brook , Cascio Christopher N. , Tinney Francis , Kang Yoona , Lieberman Matthew D. , Taylor Shelley E. , An Lawrence , Resnicow Kenneth , Strecher Victor J. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
Self-affirmation is a psychological technique that is effective in increasing receptivity to interventions across domains from promoting health behaviors in high-risk populations to improving academic performance in underrepresented groups. The neural mechanisms that lead to affirmation’s success, however, are not known. We show that neural responses associated with self-related processing and value in response to an otherwise-threatening health communication intervention can be changed using self-affirmation; furthermore, these neural responses predict objectively measured behavior change in the month following the intervention. These findings suggest that self-affirmation may exert its effects by allowing at-risk individuals to see the self-relevance and value in otherwise-threatening messages and provide a framework for studying neural effects of self-affirmation more broadly.
Characterization of nonprimate hepacivirus and construction of a functional molecular clone
Authors: Scheel Troels K. H. , Kapoor Amit , Nishiuchi Eiko , Brock Kenny V. , Yu Yingpu , Andrus Linda , Gu Meigang , Renshaw Randall W. , Dubovi Edward J. , McDonough Sean P. , Van de Walle Gerlinde R. , Lipkin W. Ian , Divers Thomas J. , Tennant Bud C. , Rice Charles M. 
Published: February 2015

Significance
The origin of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has long remained a mystery. Unexpectedly, a plethora of HCV-related hepaciviruses was recently discovered in horses, monkeys, rodents, and bats. These discoveries are of particular interest and may aid in understanding HCV evolution, molecular biology, and natural history. Currently, immunocompetent HCV animal models are lacking, impeding vaccine development; novel hepaciviruses and their natural hosts could provide such models. Here, we demonstrate that the closest HCV homolog, nonprimate hepacivirus (NPHV), is a hepatotropic equine virus with many similarities to HCV, including the capacity to establish persistent infection, delayed-onset seroconversion, and liver pathology. We identify the complete NPHV genome and establish a functional clone infectious in horses, a key advance providing a direct link between virus infection and clinical outcome.
Overlapping hotspots in CDRs are critical sites for V region diversification
Authors: Wei Lirong , Chahwan Richard , Wang Shanzhi , Wang Xiaohua , Pham Phuong T. , Goodman Myron F. , Bergman Aviv , Scharff Matthew D. , MacCarthy Thomas 
Published: February 2015

SignificanceThe somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) regions is required to produce high-affinity protective antibodies. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) initiates the accumulation of mutations in the V regions at frequencies that are a million times higher than the normal mutation rates in non-Ig genes. On the basis of the in vivo pattern of mutations in the highly usedIGHV3-23*01human V region and the manipulation of DNA sequence motifs in that V region in a mutating B-cell line and biochemically, we have concluded that particular DNA sequence motifs focus and influence AID activity on those parts of the V region that affect antigen binding and should be considered in vaccine strategies.
Production of CoQ10 in fission yeast by expression of genes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis
Authors: Moriyama Daisuke , Hosono Kouji , Fujii Makoto , Washida Motohisa , Nanba Hirokazu , Kaino Tomohiro , Kawamukai Makoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for energy production and has become a popular supplement in recent years. In this study, CoQ10 productivity was improved in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Ten CoQ biosynthetic genes were cloned and overexpressed in S. pombe. Strains expressing individual CoQ biosynthetic genes did not produce higher than a 10% increase in CoQ10 production. In addition, simultaneous expression of all ten coq genes did not result in yield improvements. Genes responsible for the biosynthesis of p-hydroxybenzoate and decaprenyl diphosphate, both of which are CoQ biosynthesis precursors, were also overexpressed. CoQ10 production was increased by overexpression of Eco_ubiC (encoding chorismate lyase), Eco_aroFFBR (encoding 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase), or Sce_thmgr1 (encoding truncated HMG-CoA reductase). Furthermore, simultaneous expression of these precursor genes resulted in two fold increases in CoQ10 production.
Effects of gluteal kinesio‐taping on performance with respect to fatigue in rugby players
Authors: Strutzenberger Gerda , Moore Joseph , Griffiths Hywel , Schwameder Hermann , Irwin Gareth 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKinesio‐tape® has been suggested to increase blood circulation and lymph flow and might influence the muscle's ability to maintain strength during fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gluteal Kinesio‐tape® on lower limb muscle strength in non‐fatigued and fatigued conditions. A total of 10 male rugby union players performed 20‐m sprint and vertical jump tests before and after a rugby‐specific fatigue protocol. The 20‐m sprint time was collected using light gates (SMARTSPEED). A 9‐camera motion analysis system (VICON, 100 Hz) and a force plate (Kistler, 1000 Hz) measured the kinematics and kinetics during a counter movement jump and drop‐jump. The effect of tape and fatigue on jump height, maximal vertical ground reaction force, reactivity strength index as well as lower limb joint work were analysed via a two‐way analysis of variance. The fatigue protocol resulted in significantly decreased performance of sprint time, jump heights and alterations in joint work. No statistical differences were found between the taped and un‐taped conditions in non‐fatigued and fatigued situation as well as in the interaction with fatigue. Therefore, taping the gluteal muscle does not influence the leg explosive strength after fatiguing in healthy rugby players.
Nonnegatively curved Alexandrov spaces with souls of codimension two
Authors: Li Xueping 
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we study a complete noncompact nonnegatively curved Alexandrov space

A
A

with a soul

S
S

of codimension two. We establish some structural results under additional regularity assumptions. As an application, we conclude that in this case Sharafutdinov retraction,

π
:

A
→
S

\pi :\ A\to S

, is a submetry.