bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Bioaccumulation of Diniconazole in Tenebrio Molitor Larvae
Authors: Liu Chen , Tian LV Xiao , Zhu Wen Xue , Yang QU Hao , Gao Yong Xin , Guo Bao Yuan , Wang Hui Li 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe enantioselective bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor Linne larva was investigated with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based on the ChiralcelOD‐3R[cellulose tri‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate)] column. In this study we documented the effects of dietary supplementation with wheat bran contaminated by racemic diniconazole at two dose levels of 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 (dry weight) in Tenebrio molitor. The results showed that both doses of diniconazole were taken up by Tenebrio molitor rapidly in the first few days, the concentrations of R‐enantiomer and S‐enantiomer at high doses reached the highest level of 0.55 mg kg‐1 and 0.48 mg kg‐1, respectively, on the 1st d, and the concentrations of them obtained a maxima of 0.129 mg kg‐1 and 0.128 mg kg‐1 at low dose, respectively, on the 3rd d, which means that the concentration of diniconazole was proportional to the time of achieving the highest accumulated level. It afterwards attained equilibrium after a sharp decline at both 20 mg kg‐1 and 2 mg kg‐1 of diniconazole. The determination results from the feces of Tenebrio molitor demonstrated that the extraction recovery (ER) values of the high dose group were higher than that of the low dose group and the values were all above 1; therefore, it could be inferred that enantiomerization existed in Tenebrio molitor. Additionally, the biota accumulation factor was used to evaluate the bioaccumulation of diniconazole enantiomers, showing that the bioaccumulation of diniconazole in Tenebrio molitor was enantioselective with preferential accumulation of S‐enantiomer. Chirality 25:917–922, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicon nanowire growth on poly‐silicon‐on‐quartz substrates formed by aluminum‐induced crystallization
Authors: Kendrick Chito , Bomberger Cory , Dawley Natalie , Georgiev Julie , Shen Haoting , Redwing Joan M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe vertical growth of Si nanowires on non‐monocrystalline substrates is of significant interest for photovoltaics and other energy harvesting applications. In this paper, we present results on using poly‐Si layers formed by aluminum‐induced crystallization (AIC) on fused quartz wafers as an alternative substrate for the vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) growth of vertical Si nanowires. Oxidation of the Al surface to Al2O3 before the a‐Si deposition was shown to be a key requirement in the formation of the poly‐Si template since it promotes the crystallization of the a‐Si into Si(111) which is required for vertical silicon nanowire growth. The effect of Al deposition technique (DC sputtering versus thermal evaporation) on a‐Si crystallization and Si nanowire growth was investigated. The use of Al thermal evaporation yielded AIC poly‐Si layers with the highest fraction of 〈111〉 grains as measured by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) which enabled the growth of vertical Si nanowires. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the 〈111〉 Si nanowires grew epitaxially off of {111}poly‐Si grains in the AIC layer. This study demonstrates the potential of using AIC poly‐Si as a template layer for the vertical growth of silicon nanowires on amorphous substrates.
Development of auditory event‐related potentials in infants prenatally exposed to methadone
Authors: Paul Jonathan A. , Logan Beth A. , Krishnan Ramesh , Heller Nicole A. , Morrison Deborah G. , Pritham Ursula A. , Tisher Paul W. , Troese Marcia , Brown Mark S. , Hayes Marie J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDevelopmental features of the P2 auditory ERP in a change detection paradigm were examined in infants prenatally exposed to methadone. Opiate dependent pregnant women maintained on methadone replacement therapy were recruited during pregnancy (N = 60). Current and historical alcohol and substance use, SES, and psychiatric status were assessed with a maternal interview during the third trimester. Medical records were used to collect information regarding maternal medications, monthly urinalysis, and breathalyzer to confirm comorbid drug and alcohol exposures. Between birth and 4 months infant ERP change detection performance was evaluated on one occasion with the oddball paradigm (.2 probability oddball) using pure‐tone stimuli (standard = 1 kHz and oddball = 2 kHz frequency) at midline electrode sites, Fz, Cz, Pz. Infant groups were examined in the following developmental windows: 4–15, 16–32, or 33–120 days PNA. Older groups showed increased P2 amplitude at Fz and effective change detection performance at P2 not seen in the newborn group. Developmental maturation of amplitude and stimulus discrimination for P2 has been reported in developing infants at all of the ages tested and data reported here in the older infants are consistent with typical development. However, it has been previously reported that the P2 amplitude difference is detectable in neonates; therefore, absence of a difference in P2 amplitude between stimuli in the 4–15 days group may represent impaired ERP performance by neonatal abstinence syndrome or prenatal methadone exposure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1119–1128, 2014.
Integrating the LISFLOOD‐FP 2D hydrodynamic model with the CAESAR model: implications for modelling landscape evolution
Authors: Coulthard Tom J. , Neal Jeff C. , Bates Paul D. , Ramirez Jorge , de Almeida Gustavo A. M. , Hancock Greg R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTLandscape evolution models (LEMs) simulate the geomorphic development of river basins over long time periods and large space scales (100s–1000s of years, 100s of km2). Due to these scales they have been developed with simple steady flow models that enable long time steps (e.g. years) to be modelled, but not shorter term hydrodynamic effects (e.g. the passage of a flood wave). Nonsteady flow models that incorporate these hydrodynamic effects typically require far shorter time steps (seconds or less) and use more expensive numerical solutions hindering their inclusion in LEMs. The recently developed LISFLOOD‐FP simplified 2D flow model addresses this issue by solving a reduced form of the shallow water equations using a very simple numerical scheme, thus generating a significant increase in computational efficiency over previous hydrodynamic methods. This leads to potential convergence of computational cost between LEMs and hydrodynamic models, and presents an opportunity to combine such schemes. This paper outlines how two such models (the LEM CAESAR and the hydrodynamic model LISFLOOD‐FP) were merged to create the new CAESAR‐Lisflood model, and through a series of preliminary tests shows that using a hydrodynamic model to route flow in an LEM affords many advantages. The new model is fast, computationally efficient and has a stronger physical basis than a previous version of the CAESAR model. For the first time it allows hydrodynamic effects (tidal flows, lake filling, alluvial fans blocking valley floor) to be represented in an LEM, as well as producing noticeably different results to steady flow models. This suggests that the simplification of using steady flow in existing LEMs may bias their findings significantly. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A real‐space cellular automaton laboratory
Authors: Rozier Olivier , Narteau Clément 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTGeomorphic investigations may benefit from computer modelling approaches that rely entirely on self‐organization principles. In the vast majority of numerical models, instead, points in space are characterized by a variety of physical variables (e.g. sediment transport rate, velocity, temperature) recalculated over time according to some predetermined set of laws. However, there is not always a satisfactory theoretical framework from which we can quantify the overall dynamics of the system. For these reasons, we prefer to concentrate on interaction patterns using a basic cellular automaton modelling framework. Here we present the Real‐Space Cellular Automaton Laboratory (ReSCAL), a powerful and versatile generator of 3D stochastic models. The objective of this software suite, released under a GNU licence, is to develop interdisciplinary research collaboration to investigate the dynamics of complex systems. The models in ReSCAL are essentially constructed from a small number of discrete states distributed on a cellular grid. An elementary cell is a real‐space representation of the physical environment and pairs of nearest‐neighbour cells are called doublets. Each individual physical process is associated with a set of doublet transitions and characteristic transition rates. Using a modular approach, we can simulate and combine a wide range of physical processes. We then describe different ingredients of ReSCAL leading to applications in geomorphology: dune morphodynamics and landscape evolution. We also discuss how ReSCAL can be applied and developed across many disciplines in natural and human sciences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A COUNTRY FOR OLD MEN? LONG‐TERM HOME CARE UTILIZATION IN EUROPE
Authors: Balia Silvia , Brau Rinaldo 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates long‐term home care utilization in Europe. Data from the first wave of the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement (SHARE) on formal (nursing care and paid domestic help) and informal care (support provided by relatives) are used to study the probability and the quantity of both types of care. The overall process is framed in a fully simultaneous equation system that takes the form of a bivariate two‐part model where the reciprocal interaction between formal and informal care is estimated. Endogeneity and unobservable heterogeneity are addressed using a common latent factor approach. The analysis of the relative impact of age and disability on home care utilization is enriched by the use of a proximity to death (PtD) indicator built using the second wave of SHARE. All these indicators are important predictors of home care utilization. In particular, a strong significant effect of PtD is found in the paid domestic help and informal care models. The relationship between formal and informal care moves from substitutability to complementarity depending on the type of care considered, and the estimated effects are small in absolute size. This might call for a reconsideration of the effectiveness of incentives for informal care as instruments to reduce public expenditure for home care services. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual and combined effects of land use/cover and climate change on Wolf Bay watershed streamflow in southern Alabama
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Kalin Latif , Kuang Wenhui , Tian Hanqin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLand use/cover (LULC) and climate change are two main factors affecting watershed hydrology. In this paper, individual and combined impacts of LULC and climate change on hydrologic processes were analysed applying the model Soil and Water Assessment Tool in a coastal Alabama watershed in USA. Temporally and spatially downscaled Global Circulation Model outputs predict a slight increase in precipitation in the study area, which is also projected to experience substantial urban growth in the future. Changes in flow frequency and volume in the 2030s (2016–2040) compared to a baseline period (1984–2008) at daily, monthly and annual time scales were explored. A redistribution of daily streamflow is projected when either climate or LULC change was considered. High flows are predicted to increase, while low flows are expected to decrease. Combined change effect results in a more noticeable and uneven distribution of daily streamflow. Monthly average streamflow and surface runoff are projected to increase in spring and winter, but especially in fall. LULC change does not have a significant effect on monthly average streamflow, but the change affects partitioning of streamflow, causing higher surface runoff and lower baseflow. The combined effect leads to a dramatic increase in monthly average streamflow with a stronger increasing trend in surface runoff and decreasing trend in baseflow. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MICRO CREDIT RISK METRICS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Çelik Şaban 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYDefault modelling is a general term used for several interrelated fields of risk management. Bond defaults, credit (loan) defaults, firm defaults and country defaults are examples of this kind. The scope and reason for existence of this study is to focus mainly on firm default. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the development and evaluation of the models proposed for predicting bankruptcy in terms of conceptualization, country distribution, sector specification, time dimension, variables used and findings reported. The current review includes firm default studies published in business fields such as accounting, economics, finance and management science. This review is distinct in that it seeks (i) to give a comprehensive examination of the models, (ii) to compare and contrast the features of the models and (iii) to show with a solid argument where future research should be focused. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Record neutron monitor counting rates from galactic cosmic rays
Authors: Oh Suyeon , Bieber John W. , Evenson Paul , Clem John , Yi Yu , Kim Yongkyun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNeutron monitors have recorded the flux of high‐energy Galactic cosmic rays for more than half a century. During the recent, prolonged, deep minimum in solar activity, many sources indicate that modulated Galactic cosmic rays have attained new Space Age highs. However, reported neutron monitor rates are ambiguous; some record new highs while others do not. This work examines the record of 15 long‐running neutron monitors to evaluate cosmic ray fluxes during the recent extraordinary solar minimum in a long‐term context. We show that ground‐level neutron rates did reach a historic high during the recent solar minimum, and we present a new analysis of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the year 2009 versus year 1987. To do this, we define a reference as the average of eight high‐latitude neutron monitors, four in the Northern Hemisphere (Apatity, Inuvik, Oulu, Thule) and four in the Southern Hemisphere (Kerguelen, McMurdo, Sanae, Terre Adelie). Most stations display changes in sensitivity, which we characterize by a simple linear trend. After correcting for the change in sensitivity, a consistent picture emerges. With our correction, all stations considered display new highs at the recent solar minimum, approximately 3% above the previous record high. These increases are shown to be consistent with spacecraft observations.
Quality collaboratives and campaigns to reduce readmissions: What strategies are hospitals using?
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth H. , Sipsma Heather , Curry Leslie , Mehrotra Devi , Horwitz Leora I. , Krumholz Harlan 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUNDReducing hospital readmissions is a national priority, and many hospitals are participating in quality collaboratives or campaigns.OBJECTIVETo describe and compare the current use of hospital strategies to reduce readmissions in 2 prominent quality initiatives—STAAR (State Action on Avoidable Rehospitalization) and H2H (Hospital‐to‐Home Campaign).DESIGNCross‐sectional.METHODSWeb‐based survey of hospitals that had enrolled in H2H or STAAR from May 2009 through June 2010, conducted from November 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011 (n = 599, response rate of 91%). We used standard frequency analysis and multivariable logistic regression to describe differences between STAAR and H2H hospitals.RESULTSMany hospitals were not implementing several of the recommended strategies. Although STAAR hospitals tended to be more likely to implement several strategies, differences were attenuated when we adjusted for region and ownership type. In multivariable models, STAAR hospitals compared with H2H hospitals were more likely to ensure outpatient physicians were alerted within 48 hours of patient discharge (63% vs 38%, P < 0.001), and more likely to provide skilled nursing facilities the direct contact number of the inpatient treating physician for patients transferred (53% vs 34%, P = 0.001). H2H hospitals were more likely to assign responsibility for medication reconciliation to nurses usually or always (80% vs 54%, P = 0.001) and more likely to give most or all discharged patients referrals to cardiac rehabilitation services (59% vs 41%, P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSubstantial opportunity for improvement exists for hospitals engaged in STAAR or H2H quality initiatives. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:601–608. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
To De‐Humdrumify Work Make the Job a Game!
Authors: Schaffer Robert H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn order to best engage today's workforce, Schaffer says that leaders must cultivate lively, gamelike, action‐oriented workplaces that encourage rapid and significant results. A leader should consider why their employees find fulfillment in many leisure and volunteering activities but often find workplaces dull and stifling. He suggests carving short‐term goals out of longer ones, goals that can be reached rapidly and successfully. “Once you get started making everyone's job a game,” he writes, “sustaining and expanding the process becomes the game that you and every level of management must play.”
Detection of SCC initiation in austenitic stainless steel by electrochemical noise measurements
Authors: Ritter S. , Seifert H.‐P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical noise (EN) measurement technique is one of the most promising tools for continuous in situ corrosion monitoring in technical systems with a certain potential to be used for the detection of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). To evaluate the suitability of the EN technique for the detection of SCC initiation, a small but systematic test programme was started, performing EN measurements on type 304 austenitic stainless steel during constant extension rate tensile tests in aqueous thiosulphate solution at room temperature. SCC could be detected by EN measurements, which was verified by interruptions of the experiments at different stages, by testing steel with different degrees of sensitisation and by post‐test fractography in the scanning electron microscope. Conclusions on the cracking mechanism could be drawn based on the current noise signal pattern.
Investigations of the aqueous corrosion of pretreated magnesium alloys by means of electrochemical noise measurements
Authors: Bender S. , Holzhausen U. , Heyn A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn important possibility to improve the corrosion behaviour of magnesium alloys is the application of protective coatings. The quality of such coatings depends mainly on the pretreatment and the exposure conditions after pretreatment. Since magnesium surfaces change much faster under atmospheric conditions than those of almost any other technical material, it is necessary to pay special attention to this particular feature. The activity of acid‐pickled surfaces of the magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ91 in dependence on the exposure time and the humidity conditions was investigated with electrochemical noise (EN) measurements. In addition to pickling, plasma chemical vapour deposition processes open new possibilities for an economical, as well as ecologically quite safe, pretreatment. The results of EN investigations after acid pickling as well as specific plasma oxidation treatments of the two magnesium alloys after exposure to air with different humidities are presented.
Novel strategies for assessing the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel surfaces
Authors: Burkert A. , Klapper H. S. , Lehmann J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPitting corrosion is one of the most common mechanisms of surface damage on stainless steels. Electrochemical methods have been preferentially applied for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in the laboratory. Nevertheless, some of them are not reliable enough and in general the application of electrochemical methods in the field becomes difficult because of required deep understanding of corrosive phenomena and measurement technology. Therefore, new approaches for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces in the laboratory as well as in the field are necessary. In the present paper two novel strategies including electrochemical noise measurements under anodic polarization for laboratory testing, and an indicator test to assess the susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces to pitting corrosion in the field are introduced. Experimental results concerning the influence of surface treatments on the pitting corrosion resistance on stainless steels have confirmed that final surface condition has a significant effect on their future pitting corrosion susceptibility. In addition, the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel surfaces was observed being specifically dependent on the achieved surface topography and in some cases independent on the roughness parameters of the surface.
Long term corrosion behavior of clad aluminum materials under different atmospheric conditions
Authors: Poltavtseva M. , Heyn A. , Boese E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAluminum materials roll‐plated on both sides are combinations of metals, which consist of clad layers on a core. To document the long term behavior of roof profiles of Alclad 3004 after long term exposure of about 40 years, evaluations were made at three locations in Germany with different climatic conditions. Locations with typical rural‐urban, coastal‐urban, and industrial climates were selected. The corrosion progress as a function of time and climatic type could be characterized by cross‐sections of roof specimens. To interpret the protective mechanism of the clad layer, the corrosion behavior of Alclad 6025 was characterized by electrochemical investigations. The results show that the passive clad material easily undergoes pitting in media containing specific amounts of chlorides. In case of contact of both cladding and core with an electrolyte the core alloy was protected because of the pitting corrosion of the cladding. This guarantees long‐time corrosion protection of constructions like facades or roofs under different atmospheric conditions.
N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antibodies in post–herpes simplex virus encephalitis neurological relapse
Authors: Hacohen Yael , Deiva Kumaran , Pettingill Phillipa , Waters Patrick , Siddiqui Ata , Chretien Pascale , Menson Esse , Lin Jean‐Pierre , Tardieu Marc , Vincent Angela , Lim Ming J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a devastating condition that relapses, often with a chorea in children, despite adequate antiviral treatment. At relapse, evidence of viral replication is frequently absent, suggesting that the relapse may be immune‐mediated. Seven children who had a neurological relapse following their initial encephalitis, identified from 20 cases of pediatric HSVE, were studied. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested for N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and other antibodies previously reported in central nervous system autoimmunity. Five of the 7 relapsing children had choreoathetosis; 2 of these were NMDAR antibody–positive, 2 were negative (1 with HSV‐positive CSF), and 1 was not available for testing. An additional patient, who relapsed with cognitive regression but with no movement disorder, was also NMDAR antibody–positive. In 2 of the NMDAR antibody–positive patients who were treated at relapse and in 1 who was treated only after 10 years of having a relapsing encephalopathy, a beneficial response was observed. Neurological relapses after HSVE may frequently be immune‐mediated, particularly in children with chorea. NMDAR antibodies are common, and immunotherapy may be beneficial. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society