bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND CONCEPTS OF STRUCTURE
Authors: Emmerich Walter 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTIt is proposed that many concepts of personality structure and structural development are of primary relevance to one of three general orientations, here called the “classical,” “differential,” and “ipsative” views. Certain theoretical and methodological features of each approach are reviewed. The discussion emphasizes differences and similarities among the views and points out some implications for research.
A STUDY OF GRAPHICAL ABILITIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Lurçat Lilliane , Kostin Irene 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe Lurçat Test of Graphical Abilities was administered to 124 right‐handed children between the ages of four and ten.Estimates of age norms were determined for the ability to reproduce the correct form of a curve, i.e., a cycloid or a spiral, when given (a) visual information alone, (b) both visual and kinesthetic information, and (c) kinesthetic information alone. Results for the right and left hands were determined separately. Estimates of age norms were determined, also, for the ability to reproduce the correct trajectory or orientation of these curves in the three situations mentioned above. Results for the right and left hands were determined separately. Most of the development of these abilities seems to occur between the ages of four and seven.Reproducing cycloids with parallel rotations with both hands simultaneously while blindfolded seems to be related to laterality. In this situation, for six‐ and seven‐year‐olds, the large majority of right‐handed children correctly reproduce the rotation of the cycloid only with the right hand. The rotation produced by the left hand was found to be symmetrical rather than parallel to that produced by the right hand.Evidence was also obtained which indicates that the dominant hand is superior to the nondominant hand in the reproduction rather than the reception of kinesthetic information.
INFORMATION IN WRONG RESPONSES1
Authors: Jacobs Paul I. , Vandeventer Mary 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTUnder some circumstances the wrong responses a subject makes on a test may contain important information. In this study, the notion of facet design provided a systematic method for a priori ordering of the distractors on the Coloured Progressive Matrices test as to degree of correctness. A score based on type of distractor chosen was shown to have a moderate degree of test‐retest reliability, concurrent and predictive validity, and cross‐cultural applicability. The results suggest a re‐examination of Sigel's finding that type of error and total score were unrelated.
ATTRACTION, DISCREPANCY, AND RESPONSES TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT1
Authors: Patton Michael J. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTCounseling and psychotherapy can be construed and analyzed as a social influence process. To test predictions derived from balance theory, the effects of positive vs. negative interpersonal attraction and of communication similarity vs. discrepancy upon an S's responses to a counselor and to psychological treatment were investigated. Three male counselor‐accomplices interviewed 72 male Ss. In a laboratory situation made manifestly similar to that of psychological treatment, a client's responses to a counselor who attempts to modify his behavior are seen to be contingent both upon how personally attracted the client is to his counselor, and on how congruent their discussion is with the client's prior expectations.
Expanding the Notion of Historical Text Through Historic Building Analysis
Authors: Baron Christine , Dobbs Christina 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAmong the disciplinary skills necessary for understanding in the social studies classroom is the ability to determine context and build meaning from past events. Historical buildings are an important component of historical study, and they serve as a type of nontraditional text that students can decode and use to construct meaning about multiple historical contexts. The skills used to understand and analyze historical buildings are in and of themselves important, but engaging them also builds critical deep comprehension skills as well. This paper presents a research‐tested framework for historic building analysis that can be used to build disciplinary analytical skills in history, while meeting the challenges of the Common Core Standards, which require that students be able to deeply understand a variety of types of traditional and nontraditional texts.
Elastic mesh with thermoplastic polyurethane filaments preserves effective porosity of textile implants
Authors: Lambertz Andreas , Vogels Ruben R. M. , Binnebösel Marcel , Schöb Dominik S. , Kossel Klas , Klinge Uwe , Neumann Ulf P. , Klink Christian D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn hernia surgery, meshes with small pores tend to be filled by fibrous tissue, which reduces their stretchability and causes patient complaints. Because of the inelasticity of current meshes, mechanical strain might cause pores to collapse even in large‐pore mesh constructions. In this study, a mesh with elastic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filaments was constructed to prevent pore size changes even under mechanical strain, and its biocompatibility in comparison with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was evaluated. A mesh was constructed using PVDF with elastic TPU filaments and mechanically tested. After midline laparotomy in 20 rabbits, we placed a 15 cm × 3 cm mesh as inlay in the defect. Animals were randomized to either the TPU or PVDF group. After 7 or 21 days, mesh expansion was measured under pneumoperitoneum, and abdominal walls were explanted for immunohistochemical investigations. In vitro, TPU meshes showed a slight reduction in effective porosity from 46% at tension‐free conditions to 26% under longitudinal and to 34% under transverse strain. The nonelastic PVDF meshes showed a marked reduction in effective porosity from 70% to 7% and 52%, respectively. The TPU mesh had a breaking elongation of 101% and a tensile strength of 35 N/cm. In vivo, both meshes achieved healing of the incision without hernial defect. The TPU mesh maintained its elasticity under pneumoperitoneum. The amount of CD68‐positive, Ki67–positive, and apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the TPU group after 7 and 21 days. The newly developed TPU mesh shows elasticity, structural stability, and preserved effective porosity under mechanical strain. Immunohistochemistry indicates superior biocompatibility of TPU mesh compared with PVDF after 7 and 21 days. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2654–2660, 2015.
Conjugation of palmitic acid improves potency and longevity of siRNA delivered via endosomolytic polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Sarett Samantha M. , Kilchrist Kameron V. , Miteva Martina , Duvall Craig L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractClinical translation of siRNA therapeutics has been limited by the inability to effectively overcome the rigorous delivery barriers associated with intracellular‐acting biologics. Here, to address both potency and longevity of siRNA gene silencing, pH‐responsive micellar nanoparticle (NP) carriers loaded with siRNA conjugated to palmitic acid (siRNA‐PA) were investigated as a combined approach to improve siRNA endosomal escape and stability. Conjugation to hydrophobic PA improved NP loading efficiency relative to unmodified siRNA, enabling complete packaging of siRNA‐PA at a lower polymer:siRNA ratio. PA conjugation also increased intracellular uptake of the nucleic acid cargo by 35‐fold and produced a 3.1‐fold increase in intracellular half‐life. The higher uptake and improved retention of siRNA‐PA NPs correlated to a 2‐ and 11‐fold decrease in gene silencing IC50 in comparison to siRNA NPs in fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, for both the model gene luciferase and the therapeutically relevant gene prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) . PA conjugation also significantly increased longevity of silencing activity following a single treatment in fibroblasts. Thus, conjugation of PA to siRNA paired with endosomolytic NPs is a promising approach to enhance the functional efficacy of siRNA in tissue regenerative and other applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3107–3116, 2015.
Repositioning Potential of PAK4 to Osteoclastic Bone Resorption
Authors: Choi Sik-Won , Yeon Jeong-Tae , Ryu Byung Jun , Kim Kwang-Jin , Moon Seong-Hee , Lee Hyuk , Lee Myeung Su , Lee Sam Youn , Heo Jin-Chul , Park Sang-Joon , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Drug repositioning is a rational approach for expanding the use of existing drugs or candidate drugs to treat additional disorders. Here we investigated the possibility of using the anticancer p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4)-targeted inhibitor PF-3758309 to treat osteoclast-mediated disorders. PAK4 was highly expressed in bone marrow cells and was phosphorylated during their differentiation into osteoclasts, and osteoclast differentiation was significantly inhibited by the dominant negative form of PAK4 and by PF-3758309. Specifically, PF-3758309 significantly inhibited the fusion of preosteoclasts, the podosome formation, and the migration of preosteoclasts. PF-3758309 also had in vivo antiresorptive activity in a lipopolysaccharide-induced bone erosion model and in vitro antiosteoclastogenic activity in the differentiation of human bone marrow–derived cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells into osteoclasts. These data demonstrate the relevance of PAK4 in osteoclast differentiation and the potential of PAK4 inhibitors for treating osteoclast-related disorders. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hip Fractures Risk in Older Men and Women Associated With DXA-Derived Measures of Thigh Subcutaneous Fat Thickness, Cross-Sectional Muscle Area, and Muscle Density
Authors: Malkov Serghei , Cawthon Peggy M , Peters Kathy Wilt , Cauley Jane A , Murphy Rachel A , Visser Marjolein , Wilson Joseph P , Harris Tamara , Satterfield Suzanne , Cummings Steve , Shepherd John A ,   for the Health ABC Study
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Mid-thigh cross-sectional muscle area (CSA), muscle attenuation, and greater trochanter soft tissue thickness have been shown to be independent risk factors of hip fracture. Our aim was to determine whether muscle and adipose tissue measures derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans would have a similar risk association as those measured using other imaging methods. Using a case-cohort study design, we identified 169 incident hip fracture cases over an average of 13.5 years among participants from the Health ABC Study, a prospective study of 3075 individuals initially aged 70 to 79 years. We modeled the thigh 3D geometry and compared DXA and computed tomography (CT) measures. DXA-derived thigh CSA, muscle attenuation, and subcutaneous fat thickness were found to be highly correlated to their CT counterparts (Pearson's r = 0.82, 0.45, and 0.91, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). The fracture risk of men and women were calculated separately. We found that decreased subcutaneous fat, CT thigh muscle attenuation, and appendicular lean mass by height squared (ALM/Ht2) were associated with fracture risk in men; hazard ratios (HR) = 1.44 (1.02, 2.02), 1.40 (1.05, 1.85), and 0.58 (0.36, 0.91), respectively, after adjusting for age, race, clinical site, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, hip bone mineral density (BMD), self-reported health, alcohol use, smoking status, education, physical activity, and cognitive function. In a similar model for women, only decreases in subcutaneous fat and DXA CSA were associated with hip fracture risk; HR = 1.39 (1.07, 1.82) and 0.78 (0.62, 0.97), respectively. Men with a high ALM/Ht2 and low subcutaneous fat thickness had greater than 8 times higher risk for hip fracture compared with those with low ALM/Ht2 and high subcutaneous fat. In women, ALM/Ht2 did not improve the model when subcutaneous fat was included. We conclude that the DXA-derived subcutaneous fat thickness is a strong marker for hip fracture risk in both men and women, especially in men with high ALM/Ht2. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
In Vivo UTE-MRI Reveals Positive Effects of Raloxifene on Skeletal-Bound Water in Skeletally Mature Beagle Dogs
Authors: Allen Matthew R , Territo Paul R , Lin Chen , Persohn Scott , Jiang Lei , Riley Amanda A , McCarthy Brian P , Newman Christopher L , Burr David B , Hutchins Gary D 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Raloxifene positively affects mechanical properties of the bone matrix in part through modification of skeletal-bound water. The goal of this study was to determine if raloxifene-induced alterations in skeletal hydration could be measured in vivo using ultra-short echotime magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI). Twelve skeletally mature female beagle dogs (n = 6/group) were treated for 6 months with oral doses of saline vehicle (VEH, 1 mL/kg/d) or raloxifene (RAL, 0.5 mg/kg/d). After 6 months of treatment, all animals underwent in vivo UTE-MRI of the proximal tibial cortical bone. UTE-MRI signal intensity versus echotime curves were analyzed by fitting a double exponential to determine the short and long relaxation times of water with the bone (dependent estimations of bound and free water, respectively). Raloxifene-treated animals had significantly higher bound water (+14%; p = 0.05) and lower free water (–20%) compared with vehicle-treated animals. These data provide the first evidence that drug-induced changes in skeletal hydration can be noninvasively assessed using UTE-MRI. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Osteoporosis‐associated alteration in the signalling status of BMP‐2 in human MSCs under adipogenic conditions
Authors: Donoso Oscar , Pino Ana María , Seitz Germán , Osses Nelson , Rodríguez J. Pablo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTPostmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone quality and mineral density. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in the bone marrow, are pluripotent cells able to differentiate into several phenotypes, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. In osteoporosis, MSCs' commitment and differentiation into osteoblast/adipocyte is unbalanced, favoring adipocyte formation. The osteo and adipogenic processes are modulated by the bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). This cytokine regulates the expression of transcription factors PPARγ and Runx 2, but its action on cells under adipogenic conditions is poorly understood. In this work we studied BMP‐2 signaling in MSCs obtained from bone marrow of control or osteoporotic volunteer postmenopausal women. MSCs were cultured under basal, adipogenic (AD) or AD plus BMP‐2 conditions. The protein content of PPARγ, p‐PPARγ, Runx2, bone morphogenetic receptor IA (BMPR IA), phosphorylated Smad‐1/5/8 (p‐Smad) and Smad 4 were determined by specific western blots. mRNA level for BMPRs was determined by PCR and cell localization of p‐Smad‐1/5/8 were detected by immunocytochemistry. Control MSCs showed a differential response to both AD and AD plus BMP‐2 treatments: BMP‐2 exerted an anti‐adipogenic effect increasing both transcription factors analyzed. Moreover, p‐Smads‐1/5/8 were detected in nuclei after short term BMP‐2 treatment. Osteoporotic MSCs showed no response to exogenous added BMP‐2, as shown by p‐PPARγ/PPARγ ratio and Runx2 levels, although BMPR‐IA level was significantly higher in osteoporotic than in control MSCs. In addition, staining for p‐Smad‐1/5/8 in o‐MSCs was observed around nuclei at all experimental conditions. Taken together results demonstrate failure of BMP‐2 signaling in osteoporotic MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1267–1277, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferric sulfate coagulation and powdered activated carbon adsorption as simultaneous treatment to reuse the medium in Arthrospira platensis cultivation
Authors: Morocho‐Jácome Ana Lucía , Sato Sunao , de Carvalho João Carlos Monteiro 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyanobacteriae and microalgae industries require large amounts of water for their cultivation. Reusing the Arthrospira platensis culture medium is scarcely evaluated in the literature. This work evaluates coagulation and adsorption as a simultaneous process to treat A. platensis spent medium by applying different concentrations of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and ferric sulfate (S) and by using different contact times (T) to remove organic matter and pigments.RESULTSThe process efficiency was measured by removal of both organic matter and pigments by absorbance at 254 and 440 nm, respectively. The highest maximum cell concentration (4863 ± 64 mg L−1) and protein content values (60.0 ± 0.6%) were observed in a medium treated with optimal conditions using PAC = 40.0 mg L−1, S = 32.8 mg L−1 and T = 36.1 min. Under such conditions, chlorophyll‐a biomass content of 24.5 ± 0.6 mg g dry cell−1 and chlorophyll‐a productivity of 16.8 ± 0.1 mg L−1 d−1 were obtained.CONCLUSIONSCoagulation and adsorption as a simultaneus treatment allowing reuse of the spent medium of A. platensis cultivation can diminish not only its production costs but also environmental pollution. The biomass produced in the treated medium contains more protein and chlorophyll than that produced in the standard medium. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous acetate production through microbial electrosynthesis from CO2 with microbial mixed culture
Authors: Batlle‐Vilanova Pau , Puig Sebastià , Gonzalez‐Olmos Rafael , Balaguer Maria Dolors , Colprim Jesús 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial electrosynthesis represents a promising approach for renewable energy storage in which chemically stable compounds are produced using CO2 as feedstock. This report describes the continuous production of acetate through microbial electrosynthesis from CO2 and assesses how the production rates could be increased.RESULTSA continuous acetate production rate of 0.98 mmol C LNCC−1 d−1 was obtained using CO2 as feedstock and with pH control around 5.8. These conditions increased substrate availability and favoured microbial electrosynthesis. Cyclic voltammograms demonstrated the electroautotrophic activity on the biocathode surface, which increased with pH control and caused current demand and acetate production rate to rise exponentially.CONCLUSIONpH decrease was shown to be an effective strategy to increase substrate availability and enhance microbial electrosynthesis. By making microbial electrosynthesis a feasible technology, CO2 could become an alternative feedstock for the carboxylate platform. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of staging and early response to chemotherapy with whole‐body diffusion‐weighted MRI in malignant lymphoma patients: A comparison with FDG‐PET/CT
Authors: Tsuji Kazunobu , Kishi Shinji , Tsuchida Tatsuro , Yamauchi Takahiro , Ikegaya Satoshi , Urasaki Yoshimasa , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Ueda Takanori , Okazawa Hidehiko , Kimura Hirohiko 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTo examine the utility of diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) for staging and early response to chemotherapy assessment in lymphoma patients as compared with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT).MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with histologically confirmed malignant lymphoma underwent both MRI and FDG‐PET/CT before (pretreatment) and after two courses of chemotherapy (mid‐treatment). Staging with MRI (DW‐MRI alone and with T2‐weighted images) and FDG‐PET was compared visually, and the concordance rate (kappa value, κ) was calculated. To evaluate early response to chemotherapy, patients were divided into two groups, lesion‐positive (LP) and lesion‐negative (LN), based on a proposed original criterion. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was compared between the groups using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsThe stage diagnosed with DW‐MRI alone and with FDG‐PET/CT was concordant in 22 patients (κ = 0.71; P < 0.05), and by adding T2‐weighted images, the number of concordant patients increased to 26 (κ = 0.90; P < 0.05). On mid‐treatment imaging, 19 patients were diagnosed as LN from both modalities. PFS differed significantly between LP and LN on both DW‐MRI (P = 0.0013) and FDG‐PET/CT (P = 0.037).ConclusionDW‐MRI is a promising tool for staging and evaluation of early response to chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1601–1607. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motion of the femoral condyles in flexion and extension during a continuous lunge
Authors: Feng Yong , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan , Li Jing‐Sheng , Wang Shaobai , Hu Hai , Zhang Changqing , Rubash Harry E. , Li Guoan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTNumerous studies have reported on in‐vivo posterior femoral condyle translations during various activities of the knee. However, no data has been reported on the knee motion during a continuous flexion‐extension cycle. Further, few studies have investigated the gender variations on the knee kinematics. This study quantitatively determined femoral condylar motion of 10 male and 10 female knees during a continuous weightbearing flexion‐extension cycle using two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional fluoroscopic tracking technique. The knees were CT‐scanned to create three‐dimensional models of the tibia and femur. Continuous images of each subject were taken using a single‐fluoroscopic imaging system. The knee kinematics were measured along the motion path using geometric center axis of the femur. The results indicated that statistical differences between the flexion and extension motions were only found in internal‐external tibial rotation and lateral femoral condylar motion at the middle range of flexion angles. At low flexion angles, male knees have greater external tibial rotation and more posteriorly positioned medial femoral condyle than females. The knee did not show a specific pivoting type of rotation with flexion. Axial rotation center varied from lateral to medial compartments of the knee. These data could provide useful information for understanding physiological motion of normal knees. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:591–597, 2015.
Hemoglobin, alkalic phosphatase, and C‐reactive protein predict the outcome in patients with liposarcoma
Authors: Panotopoulos Joannis , Posch Florian , Alici Benjamin , Funovics Philipp , Stihsen Christoph , Amann Gabriele , Brodowicz Thomas , Windhager Reinhard , Ay Cihan 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTData on prognostic biomarkers in soft tissue sarcomas are scarce. The aim of the study was to define prognostic markers in patients with a liposarcoma, a subtype of sarcoma derived from adipose tissue. We restrospectively reviewed 85 patients with liposarcoma treated at our department from May 1994 to October 2011. Kaplan–Meier curves, uni‐, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and competing risk analysis were performed to evaluate the association between putative biomarkers with disease‐specific and overall survival. We observed a significant association between both alkalic phosphatase (ALP; subhazard ratio [SHR] per 1 unit increase: 1.35; 95%CI 1.10–1.65; p = 0.005) and C‐reactive protein (CRP; SHR per 1 mg/dl increase: 2,57; 95%CI 1.36–4,86; p = 0.004) with disease‐specific survival. Hemoglobin (Hb) (HR per 1 g/dl increase: 065; 95%CI 0.48–0.87; p = 0.003) was associated with overall survival. These associations prevailed after multivariable adjustment for AJCC tumor stage. This study identifies CRP and ALP as novel independent predictors of disease‐specific survival in patients with liposarcoma. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:765–770, 2015.