bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxidation and polymerization of acrylated castor oil
Authors: Esen Hüseyin , Çayli Gökhan 
Published: July 2015

In this study, a new type of bifunctional monomer from castor oil was investigated and the properties of the polymers that were obtained from this monomer were also evaluated and compared with the polymers that were obtained from acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). Castor oil (CO), first, was reacted with acryloyl chloride in order to obtain acrylated castor oil (ACO). Epoxidized acrylated castor oil (EACO) was obtained after the epoxidation reaction. EACO was characterized by 1H NMR and IR techniques. Viscosity of the monomer was also determined. The viscosity of EACO was found as 1950 centipoise by using Brookfield type viscometer at 20°C. After characterization, homo and block copolymers of the EACO with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were synthesized by conventional radical polymerization techniques. Transparent and tough polymers were obtained after polymerization reactions. Thermal and mechanical properties of the polymers synthesized were also evaluated. EACO‐AA (85–15%) copolymer showed 0.7 GPa storage modulus while AESO‐AA (85–15%) copolymer showed only 0.37 GPa modulus. When compared 5% weight loss temperatures as a thermal stability indicator, it was observed at 332°C for AECO‐AA copolymer and 295°C for AESO‐AA copolymer.Practical applications: Epoxidation and polymerization of EACO was demonstrated in this manuscript. EACO is a new type of monomer that contains a reactive epoxy and acrylate group. This monomer is a versatile monomer and can be applied in a wide variety of areas.EACO synthesis is completed in two steps. Castor oil is acrylated first at 0°C in the presence of triethyleneamine. The acrylated castor oil is then selectively epoxidized by HCOOH/H2O2 mixture.
Adapting to fill the void: Dynamic group coordination as a function of differing domain roles and instrumentality
Authors: Bonner Bryan L. , Baumann Michael R. , Netchaeva Ekaterina 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn groups, member coordination is influenced by a complex set of factors including who has what knowledge (which implies who is responsible for different task domains) as well as the differing incentives associated with performing within those domains. We show that the distribution of members' expert roles interacts with the desirability of different task domains to impact member perceptions of the task, coordination, and performance. Group members who have expertise in a highly desirable domain (i.e., key experts) perceive the task differently than members who do not and report that their approach to the task is determined to a greater extent by an attention to capturing highly desirable contributions for the group than do other members. Furthermore, when a group lacks a key expert, groups divide the work involved within a highly desirable domain across multiple members. This results in the group doing well in the highly desirable domain itself, but overlooking other domains and performing poorly, overall. We discuss the theoretical implications of this research as well as its practical applications.
An Ethanol Biosensor Based on Simple Immobilization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase on Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Samphao Anchalee , Kunpatee Kanjana , Prayoonpokarach Sanchai , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Švorc Ľubomír , Stankovic Dalibor M. , Zagar Kristina , Ceh Miran , Kalcher Kurt 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAn ethanol biosensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) attached to Au seeds decorated on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au NPs) is presented. ADH was immobilized on Fe3O4@Au NPs, which were subsequently fixed by a magnet on a carbon paste electrode modified with 5 % (m : m) MnO2. Optimum conditions for the amperometric determination of ethanol with the biosensor were as follows: working potential +0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl); supporting electrolyte: 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.8 containing 0.25 mM of the coenzyme (NAD+); working electrode: carbon paste with magnetically attached Fe3O4@Au NPs (0.012 mg ⋅ cm−2 electrode area) with immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase (120 units per cm2 of electrode area). Linearity between signal and concentration was found for the range from 0.1 to 2.0 M ethanol (r2=0.995) with a detection limit of 0.07 M, a sensitivity of 0.02 µA ⋅ mM−1 ⋅ cm−2, a reproducibility of 4.0 % RSD, and a repeatability of 2.7 % RSD. The results for the determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages showed good agreement with gas chromatography (GC) with recovery of 96.0 – 108.8 %.
Effects of fermentation time on the functional and pasting properties of defatted Moringa oleifera seed flour
Authors: Oloyede Omobolanle O. , James Samaila , Ocheme Ocheme B. , Chinma Chiemela E. , Akpa V. Eleojo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEffects of fermentation time on the functional and pasting properties of defatted Moringa oleifera seed flour was examined. Moringa seeds were fermented naturally at 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h; oven dried at 60°C for 12 h; milled into five different flour samples for each fermentation time and defatted. The functional and pasting properties of the samples were determined. The result shows significant increase in the water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity with increase in fermentation time. However, there was a significant decrease in bulk density (0.53–0.32 g/cm3) and dispersibility (36.00–20.50%) with an increase in fermentation time. There were significant increase in peak viscosity, trough, breakdown, final viscosity, and set back with increasing fermentation time. The swelling power and solubility of fermented Moringa seed flour was significantly affected.
Drug‐metabolism mechanism: Knowledge–based population pharmacokinetic approach for characterizing clobazam drug‐drug interactions
Authors: Tolbert Dwain , Bekersky Ihor , Chu Hui‐May , Ette Ene I. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA metabolic mechanism‐based characterization of antiepileptic drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) with clobazam in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) was performed using a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approach. To characterize potential DDIs with clobazam, pharmacokinetic (PK) data from 153 patients with LGS in study OV‐1012 (NCT00518713) and 18 healthy participants in bioavailability study OV‐1017 were pooled. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were grouped based on their effects on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes responsible for the metabolism of clobazam and its metabolite,N‐desmethylclobazam (N‐CLB): CYP3A inducers (phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine), CYP2C19 inducers (valproic acid, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine), or CYP2C19 inhibitors (felbamate, oxcarbazepine). CYP3A4 inducers—which did not affect the oral clearance of clobazam—significantly increased the formation of N‐CLB by 9.4%, while CYP2C19 inducers significantly increased the apparent elimination rate of N‐CLB by 10.5%, resulting in a negligible net change in the PK of the active metabolite. CYP2C19 inhibitors did not affect N‐CLB elimination. Because concomitant use of AEDs that are either CYP450 inhibitors or inducers with clobazam in the treatment of LGS patients had negligible to no effect on clobazam PK in this study, dosage adjustments may not be required for clobazam in the presence of the AEDs investigated here.
Computer‐aided pelvic reduction frame for anatomical closed reduction of unstable pelvic fractures
Authors: Zhang Li‐hai , Zhao Jing‐xin , Zhao Zhe , Su Xiu‐yun , Zhang Li‐cheng , Zhao Yan‐peng , Tang Pei‐fu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTTraditional closed reductions of unstable pelvic fractures are mainly performed by surgeons using manual manipulation and subjective verification based on intra‐operative roentgenography. It is difficult to perform an accurate closed reduction because of a lack of adequate knowledge of the displacement patterns and an inability to apply the reduction in correct direction. Using the concept of the remote center of motion mechanism and computer‐aided design software, we developed a pelvic reduction frame for use in anatomical closed reductions of unstable pelvic fractures. With three‐dimensional reconstruction technique and the matrix algorithm, the spatial orientation of the displaced hemipelvis can be calculated and deconstructed into several rotational and translational movements that can be completed with the frame. To verify the accuracy of this system, the rotations were repeated 10 times in arbitrary degrees and directions. After the matrix is calculated, the displaced hemipelvis can be reduced to the anatomical position using our frame. The maximum residual translational and rotational displacements were less than 5 mm and 4 degrees, which indicated the accuracy of this system. The maximum average residual translation and rotation were 1.87 mm in Z‐axis (ranging: 4.63–0.1 mm) and 1.1 degrees around Y‐axis (ranging: 3.81–0.13 degrees), respectively. Only the Z‐axial translation showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed pelvic reduction frame could be a useful tool for the anatomical reduction of unstable pelvic fractures. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:81–87, 2016.
Alleviation effects of calcium and potassium on cadmium rhizotoxicity and absorption by soybean and wheat roots
Authors: Yang Ching‐Ming , Juang Kai‐Wei 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to investigate the root responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to cadmium (Cd) stress and to investigate the alleviation effects of Ca and K on rhizotoxicity and absorption of Cd by roots. Soybean and wheat seedlings in a hydroponic system were exposed to Cd‐spiked solutions (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 μM) with different Ca (0.5, 1, and 10 mM) and K (0.3, 1.2, and 9.6 mM) levels for 7 d. The results showed a dramatic reduction in root elongation of soybean due to increased Cd, but increasing Ca and K levels alleviated this reduction in soybean. The amelioration of Cd toxicity by the addition of Ca may be associated with reduced Cd absorption. However, the addition of K in reducing Cd toxicity might not be dependent upon Cd absorption. Compared with soybean, wheat showed a relatively high tolerance to Cd. The alleviation of Cd rhizotoxicity in wheat was more apparent by K than by Ca. We found that the addition of K promoted root elongation but not directly prevent Cd stress, and that the addition of Ca minimized acute rhizotoxicity of Cd in wheat. Moreover, the addition of Ca reduced Cd absorption by soybean and wheat roots. However, the addition of K only reduced Cd absorption by wheat roots.
REMODEL larger cohort with long‐term outcomes and meta‐analysis of standalone balloon dilation studies
Authors: Chandra Rakesh K. , Kern Robert C. , Cutler Jeffrey L. , Welch Kevin C. , Russell Paul T. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo provide the final results from the REMODEL (randomized evaluation of maxillary antrostomy versus ostial dilation efficacy through long‐term follow‐up) full‐study cohorts and perform meta‐analyses of standalone balloon sinus dilation studies to explore long‐term outcomes in a large patient sample.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial and meta‐analysis.MethodsFinal outcomes from the REMODEL randomized trial, including a larger cohort of 135 patients treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) or in‐office balloon dilation, were evaluated. One hundred thirty patients had 12‐month data, 66 had 18‐month data, and 25 had 24‐month data. In addition, a meta‐analysis evaluated outcomes from six studies including 358 standalone balloon dilation patients with up to 24 months follow‐up.ResultsOutcomes out to 2 years from the REMODEL full‐study cohort are consistent with 6‐month and 12‐month outcomes. In the meta‐analysis of standalone balloon dilation studies, technical success is 97.5%, and mean 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test scores are significantly and clinically improved at all time points (P < .0001). There are significant reductions (P < .0001) in work/school days missed, homebound days, physician/nurse visits, acute infections, and antibiotic prescriptions. Mean recovery time is 1.4 days. Comparison of 12‐month symptom improvements and revision rates between the REMODEL FESS arm (n = 59), REMODEL balloon dilation arm (n = 71), and pooled single‐arm standalone balloon dilation studies (n = 243) demonstrated no statistical difference.ConclusionsAll outcomes are comparable between FESS and balloon dilation at all time points from 6 months to 24 months. Balloon dilation produces faster recovery, less postoperative pain, and fewer debridements than FESS. There is significant, durable benefit in a large series of 358 patients undergoing standalone balloon dilation.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 126:44–50, 2016
Lode's angle effect on the definition of the strength criterion of porous media
Authors: Lemarchand Eric , Dormieux Luc , Kondo Djimedo 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the open question of the effect of the third invariant in the definition of the strength criterion of porous media. This is here achieved in the context of a porous medium made up of a solid phase, in which strength criterion appears as an explicit function of Lode's angle. Application is provided from the Gurson hollow sphere model for which the macroscopic strength exhibits a lack of symmetry for axisymmetric macroscopic strain rate loadings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3D discrete FEM iterative algorithm for solving the water pipe cooling problems of massive concrete structures
Authors: Cheng Jing , Li T. C. , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhao L. H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWater pipe cooling has been widely used for the temperature control and crack prevention of massive concrete structures such as high dams. Because both under‐cooling and over‐cooling may reduce the efficiency of crack prevention, or even lead to great harm to structures, we need an accurate and robust numerical tool for the prediction of cooling effect. Here, a 3D discrete FEM Iterative Algorithm is introduced, which can simulate the concrete temperature gradient near the pipes, as well as the water temperature rising along the pipes. On the basis of the heat balance between water and concrete, the whole temperature field of the problem can be computed exactly within a few iteration steps. Providing the pipe meshing tool for building the FE model, this algorithm can take account of the water pipe distribution, the variation of water flow, water temperature, and other factors, while the traditional equivalent algorithm based on semi‐theoretical solutions can only solve problems with constant water flow and water temperature. The validation and convergence are proved by comparing the simulated results and analytical solutions of two standard second‐stage cooling problems. Then, a practical concrete block with different cooling schemes is analyzed and the influences of cooling factors are investigated. In the end, detailed guidance for pipe system optimization is provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized controlled bicenter trial of yoga for patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Cramer Holger , Pokhrel Bijay , Fester Claudia , Meier Beate , Gass Florian , Lauche Romy , Eggleston Brandon , Walz Martin , Michalsen Andreas , Kunz Reiner , Dobos Gustav , Langhorst Jost 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of yoga on health‐related quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsPatients with non‐metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to a 10‐week yoga intervention (90 min once weekly) or a waitlist control group. Primary outcome measure was disease‐specific quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Colorectal [FACT‐C]) at week 10. Secondary outcome measures included FACT‐C subscales: spiritual well‐being (FACT – Spirituality); fatigue (FACT – Fatigue); sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory); depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale); body awareness (Scale of Body Connection); and body‐efficacy expectations (Body‐Efficacy Expectations Scale). Outcomes were assessed at week 10 and week 22 after randomization.ResultsFifty‐four patients (mean age 68.3 ± 9.7 years) were randomized to yoga (n = 27; attrition rate 22.2%) and control group (n = 27; attrition rate 18.5%). Patients in the yoga group attended a mean of 5.3 ± 4.0 yoga classes. No significant group differences for the FACT‐C total score were found. Group differences were found for emotional well‐being at week 22 (∆ = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.27,2.90; p = 0.019), sleep disturbances at week 22 (∆ = −1.08; 95% CI = −2.13, −0.03; p = 0.043), anxiety at week 10 (∆ = −1.14; 95% CI = −2.20, −0.09; p = 0.043), and depression at week 10 (∆ = −1.34; 95% CI = −2.61, −0.8; p = 0.038). No serious adverse events occurred in the yoga group, while liver metastases were diagnosed in one patient in the control group.ConclusionThis randomized trial found no effects of yoga on health‐related quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Given the high attrition rate and low intervention adherence, no definite conclusions can be drawn from this trial. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food habits of adult male white‐tailed deer determined by camera collars
Authors: Lavelle Michael J. , Blass Chad R. , Fischer Justin W. , Hygnstrom Scott E. , Hewitt David G. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMany factors influence what and why animals select the foods they eat. Several methods have been used to estimate food habits of herbivores, but they all have limitations such as defining available foods and misrepresenting particular forages. We evaluated plant consumption by adult male white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with camera collars in a semi‐enclosed population in southern Texas, USA, during late autumn 2010. We collected 1,241 videos taken at all times of the day and night from 15 camera collars and confirmed consumption of 40 plant species with an 84% probability of identification. Diets of individual deer varied considerably, though there was an apparent preference for prickly‐pear cactus (Opuntia engelmannii) and blackbrush acacia (Vachellia rigidula). Our results were consistent with other conventional studies of food habits of deer in the region. Yet, we feel camera collars provide a more thorough and detailed representation of forage species available and consumed. Strategic deployments of camera collars could advance the understanding of nutritional requirements and behavior of deer because a broad array of concurrent data can be collected. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Survival and harvest of Atlantic Flyway resident population Canada Geese
Authors: Beston Julie A. , Williams Christopher K. , Nichols Theodore C. , Castelli Paul M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTResident Population Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are a valuable natural resource, but at high densities they create problems by colliding with vehicles, damaging crops, and fouling parks with feces. Effective management of these geese could be improved with knowledge of demographic rates, especially survival. We used band recovery data from 2005 to 2012 to estimate temporally and spatially explicit survival and recovery rates of Atlantic Flyway Resident Population Canada geese. We analyzed the data in Program MARK and found evidence that survival and recovery varied by age, state of banding, and year. We present state–age–year survival, recovery, and harvest rates from all states. Model‐averaged estimates of adult survival ranged from 0.62 to 0.87 and had high precision for most states. Estimates of survival of juvenile geese were generally higher than those for adult geese, but they were less precise and more variable among states. Based on estimates of survival and recovery rates, the average annual harvest rate of adult geese was 13.5% and ranged from 3.1% in North Carolina to 20.1% in Pennsylvania, USA. Harvest rates of juvenile geese were not significantly different from those of adult geese and averaged 15.3%. The estimated survival and harvest rates can be incorporated into population models to assess potential effectiveness of various management strategies for Resident Population Canada geese. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Stereo-PIV measurements of spatio-temporal turbulence correlations in an axisymmetric jet
Authors: Pokora C. D. , McGuirk J. J. 
Published: July 2015

Stereoscopic three-component particle image velocimetry (3C-PIV) measurements have been made in a turbulent round jet to investigate the spatio-temporal correlations that are the origin of aerodynamic noise. Restricting attention to subsonic, isothermal jets, measurements were taken in a water flow experiment where, for the same Reynolds number and nozzle size, the shortest time scale of the dynamically important turbulent structures is more than an order of magnitude greater that in equivalent airflow experiments, greatly facilitating time-resolved PIV measurements. Results obtained (for a jet nozzle diameter and velocity of 40 mm and $1~\text{m}~\text{s}^{-1}$, giving $\mathit{Re}=4\times 10^{4}$) show that, on the basis of both single-point statistics and two-point quantities (correlation functions, integral length scales) the present incompressible flow data are in excellent agreement with published compressible, subsonic airflow measurements. The 3C-PIV data are first compared to higher-spatial-resolution 2C-PIV data and observed to be in good agreement, although some deterioration in quality for higher-order correlations caused by high-frequency noise in the 3C-PIV data is noted. A filter method to correct for this is proposed, based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the 3C-PIV data. The corrected data are then used to construct correlation maps at the second- and fourth-order level for all velocity components. The present data are in accordance with existing hot-wire measurements, but provide significantly more detailed information on correlation components than has previously been available. The measured relative magnitudes of various components of the two-point fourth-order turbulence correlation coefficient ($R_{ij,kl}$) – the fundamental building block for free shear flow aerodynamic noise sources – are presented and represent a valuable source of validation data for acoustic source modelling. The relationship between fourth-order and second-order velocity correlations is also examined, based on an assumption of a quasi-Gaussian nearly normal p.d.f. for the velocity fluctuations. The present results indicate that this approximation shows reasonable agreement for the measured relative magnitudes of several correlation components; however, areas of discrepancy are identified, indicating the need for work on alternative models such as the shell turbulence concept of Afsar (Eur. J. Mech. (B/Fluids), vol. 31, 2012, pp. 129–139).
New Legal Realism's Rejoinder
Authors: SHAFFER GREGORY 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis rejoinder responds to criticisms by Jan Klabbers and Ino Augsberg of ‘The New Legal Realist Approach to International Law’ (Leiden Journal of International Law, Volume 28:2, 2015). The New Legal Realism brings together empirical and pragmatic perspectives in order to build theory regarding how law obtains meaning, is practised, and changes over time. In contrast with conceptualists, such as Augsberg, legal realists do not accept the priority of concepts over facts, but rather stress the interaction of concepts with experience in shaping law's meaning and practice. Klabbers, as a legal positivist, questions the value of the turn to empirical work and asks whether it is a fad. This rejoinder contends that the New Legal Realism has deep jurisprudential roots in Europe and the United States, constituting a third stream of jurisprudence involving the development of sociolegal theory, in complement with, but not opposed to, analytic and normative theory.