bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltigkeit bei Außenwandkonstruktionen mit WDVS
Authors: Vogdt Frank U. , Schäfers Martin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAuf der Grundlage des Bewertungssystems Nachhaltiges Bauen BNB werden Mauerwerkskonstruktionen mit Wärmedämm‐Verbundsystem (WDVS) im Hinblick auf ihren Einfluss auf die Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden betrachtet. Dabei erweisen sich Außenwandkonstruktionen mit WDVS in besonderem Maße als nachhaltig. Neben den ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekten der Nachhaltigkeit ergeben sich insbesondere auch im funktional‐technischen Bereich – wie zum Beispiel dem Schallschutz – deutliche Vorteile. Des weiteren sind die positiven Effekte im Hinblick auf die Behaglichkeit zu nennen.Sustainability of exterior walls with ETICS. On the basis of the rating system “sustainable building BNB”, masonry constructions with ETICS are evaluated in respect of their influence on sustainability of Buildings. Thereby, exterior walls with ETICS prove to be notably sustainable. In Addition to economical and ecological aspects of sustainability, in particular technological criteria – for example noise protection – provide clear benefits. Furthermore, positive effects concerning comfortableness can be mentioned.
Punktförmige Wärmebrücken bei Verblendmauerwerk
Authors: Vogdt Frank U. , Keßlau Hendrik , Bredemeyer Jan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDie mit dem steigenden Wärmeschutzniveau von Außenbauteilen einhergehenden hohen Dämmstoffdicken von bis zu 20 cm machen bei Außenwandkonstruktionen mit Verblendmauerwerk auch eine Weiterentwicklung der erforderlichen Konstruktionselemente wie Verblenderkonsolen und Luftschichtanker notwendig. Hierbei rücken neben einem sicheren Lastabtrag im Zusammenhang mit Kraglängen von bis zu ca. 30 cm zunehmend auch wärmeschutztechnische Aspekte ins Blickfeld, da Verblenderkonsolen und Luftschichtanker die Dämmschicht durchdringen und insofern Wärmebrücken darstellen. Der Einfluss dieser Wärmebrücken auf den Wärmedurchgang steigt mit zunehmendem Wärmedurchlasswiderstand von Außenwandkonstruktionen. Bei Kenntnis der relevanten Einflussfaktoren lassen sich diese Wärmebrücken durch wärmeschutztechnische Innovationen insbesondere im Bereich von Verblenderkonsolen signifikant reduzieren. Entsprechende Bemessungskonzepte ermöglichen zudem eine zuverlässige Quantifizierung der zusätzlichen Wärmeverluste über punktbezogene Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten c im Zusammenhang mit energieoptimierten Bauweisen und insoweit die planerische Festlegung wirtschaftlicher Dämmstoffdicken.Punctual thermal bridges in faced brickwork – influences, consequences and energetic optimization. The rising heat insulation level of external structural components that entails a high insulation thickness of up to 20 cm means that for exterior wall structures with faced brickwork the necessary construction elements such as brickwork support brackets and cavity wall ties also need to be developed. Here the focus of attention, in addition to secure load transfer in the context of protruding lengths of up to approx. 30 cm, is also increasingly on heat insulation aspects, because brickwork support brackets and cavity wall ties penetrate the insulating layer and thus constitute a thermal bridge. The influence of these thermal bridges on thermal transfer increases as the planar thermal resistance of exterior wall constructions increases. If the relevant influencing factors are known, these thermal bridges can be significantly reduced through innovation in heat insulation especially in the area of brickwork support brackets. The appropriate design concepts allow accurate quantification of the additional heat loss through punctual thermal transmittance coefficients χ in the context of energy‐optimised construction and thus the planning of economical insulation thicknesses.
Base‐Induced 1,3‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Mesitylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Solomon Sophia A. , Allen Lucy K. , Dane Sarah B. J. , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAttempted synthesis of the ylide dianion [2,4,6‐Me3C6H2P(CHR)3]2– (2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 = mesityl, R = H or Me) by the reaction of mesitylphosphonium iodides [2,4,6‐Me3C6H2PR3]+I– (R = Me, 1; R = Et, 2) with tBuLi at reflux does not result in the anticipated deprotonation of the phosphorus‐bonded R groups. Instead, quantitative 1,3‐sigmatropic rearrangement occurs to give new benzylic phosphonium salts [(3,5‐Me2C6H3)CH2PR3]+I– (R = Me, 6; R = Et, 7), in which the phosphonium centre, the R3P group, is transferred to an ortho‐CH3 group. In situ 31P NMR spectroscopic studies show that the reaction is base‐activated and stoichiometric with respect to tBuLi. DFT calculations support the conclusion that the rearrangement is thermodynamically favourable in the gas phase and in THF and show that the rearrangement is enthalpically driven.
Hydrodechlorination of Et3NBCl3 Catalyzed by Amorphous Nickel Boride – A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Reller Christian , Mertens Florian O. R. L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe catalytic hydrodechlorination of BCl3 with molecular hydrogen in the presence of tertiary amines is a viable strategy for the energy‐efficient generation of valuable B–H bonds. A mechanistic study based on experiments with isolated intermediates and deuterium labeling experiments is presented. The occurrence of the rate‐limiting reverse reaction from the insoluble Et3NHCl adduct was identified as a major cause of low Et3NBH3 yields. In addition, amines with NCH2 units, which also serve in the corresponding cases as solvents, have a strong influence on the reaction kinetics; they are directly involved in the hydrogen transfer at elevated temperatures and assume the role of a cocatalyst. A catalytic cycle for the reaction on a nickel boride catalyst is proposed.
Platinum(IV) Complexes Featuring One or Two Axial Ferrocene Bearing Ligands – Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Banfić Jelena , Legin Anton A. , Jakupec Michael A. , Galanski Mathea Sophia , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFerrocenyl compounds show interesting antiproliferative properties. Consequently, ferrocene bearing moieties were prepared and coupled for the first time to anticancer platinum(IV) complexes. The compounds, featuring either one or two axially coordinated ferrocene‐containing ligands, were fully characterized by ESI‐MS and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt) one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Their cytotoxicity was investigated in three human cancer cell lines deriving from ovarian carcinoma (CH1), colon carcinoma (SW480), and non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (A549) by means of the colorimetric MTT assay. Promising IC50 values in the low micromolar range in CH1 and SW480 human cancer cells were found.
1,6‐Enyne Cyclizations Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Supported Gold Complexes: Deconvoluting Sterics and Electronics
Authors: Arumugam Kuppuswamy , Varghese Bibin , Brantley Johnathan N. , Konda Sai S. M. , Lynch Vincent M. , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA series of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) supported gold(I) complexes were synthesized, characterized in solution as well as in the solid state, and examined as precatalysts for 1,6‐enyne cycloisomerization reactions. The product mixtures obtained for a variety of 1,6‐enyne isomerizations were governed primarily by the electronic properties of the aforementioned precatalysts. In particular, precatalysts containing electronic‐rich NHC ligands showed increased selectivity for bicyclic products, whereas analogous precatalysts supported by electron‐deficient NHCs preferentially afforded olefinic products.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: current and future
Authors: Foot Oliver , Malaviya Anshuman 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory condition characterised by an erosive arthropathy and other extraarticular manifestations. It affects approximately 1 per cent of the population1 and the incidence is three times higher in women than men, peaking between the ages of 40 and 70 years. The disease has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients as well as on society at large and effective treatments are highly sought after. Although biologic therapies have transformed the management of RA, there is still scope for newer therapies and treatment strategies continue to evolve. This review will focus on the presently available treatments, the current unmet need and the future therapeutic strategy with a focus on some of newer molecules that show promise.
Internalizing behaviours in school‐age children born very preterm are predicted by neonatal pain and morphine exposure
Authors: Ranger M. , Synnes A.R. , Vinall J. , Grunau R.E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundGreater neonatal pain is associated with higher internalizing behaviours in very preterm infants at 18 months corrected age, but it is unknown whether this relationship persists to school age. Moreover, it is unclear whether morphine ameliorates or exacerbates the potential influence of neonatal pain/stress on internalizing behaviours. We examined whether neonatal pain‐related stress is associated with internalizing behaviours at age 7 years in children born very preterm, and whether morphine affects this relationship.MethodsOne hundred one children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation) were seen at mean age 7.7 years. A parent completed the Parenting Stress Index and Child Behavior Checklist questionnaires. Neonatal pain‐related stress (the number of skin‐breaking procedures adjusted for clinical factors associated with prematurity) was examined in relation to internalizing behaviour, separately in subjects mechanically ventilated and exposed to both pain and morphine (n = 57) and those never mechanically ventilated, exposed to pain but not morphine (n = 44).ResultsIn the non‐ventilated group, higher skin‐breaking procedures (p = 0.037) and parenting stress (p = 0.004) were related to greater internalizing behaviours. In the ventilated group, greater morphine exposure (p = 0.004) was associated with higher child internalizing scores.ConclusionsIn very preterm children who undergo mechanical ventilation, judicious use of morphine is important, since morphine may mitigate the negative effects of neonatal pain on nociception but adversely affect internalizing behaviours at school age. Management of procedural pain needs to be addressed in very preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, to prevent long‐term effects on child behaviour.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Dithiobenzoate‐Mediated RAFT Polymerization – Status of the Dilemma
Authors: Moad Graeme 
Published: December 2013

Dithiobenzoates are among the most popular agents for reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This is attributed to the better control over molecular weight and end‐group fidelity found in RAFT polymerization of methacrylates and methacrylamides. However, in polymerization of styrenes, acrylates, and acrylamides, their use has diminished, mainly in favour of trithiocarbonates, because of issues with retardation, as well as hydrolytic and thermal instability. This paper critically assesses developments in understanding the mechanism and kinetics of dithiobenzoate‐mediated RAFT polymerization from 2006 to 2013, with specific reference to the choice of reagents, polymerization conditions, side reactions, and factors leading to retardation.
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Topology‐Dependent Swichability of Peptide Secondary Structures in Bioconjugates with Complex Architectures
Authors: Börner Hans G. , Sütterlin Romina I. , Theato Patrick , Wiss Kerstin T. 
Published: December 2013

Peptide sequences, which exhibit a reversible pH‐responsive coil to α‐helix secondary structure transition, are conjugated to polymer precursors to yield linear AB and graft ABA peptide–poly(ethylene oxide) conjugates. While the PEO B‐block is comparable, the conjugates differ in topologies of the peptide bearing A‐blocks. The influences of topology on the structure transitions in the peptide segments are investigated, comparing linear AB‐bioconjugates with graft ABA‐bioconjugates having multiple peptide segments combined in star or pom‐pom topologies.
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A Stimuli‐Responsive Nanogel‐Based Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Cr3+ with Thermo‐Induced Tunable Detection Sensitivity
Authors: Wan Xuejuan , Liu Haiyang , Yao Shen , Liu Tianqi , Yao Youwei 
Published: December 2013

Stimuli‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) nanogel with covalently labeled rhodamine B urea derivatives (P(NIPAM‐co‐RhBUA)) is utilized as a sensitive fluorescent probe for Cr3+ in aqueous solution, and its thermo‐induced tunable detection capacity is investigated. At 20 °C, non‐fluorescent nanogel can selectively bind with Cr3+ over some other metal ions, leading to prominent fluorescence OFF–ON switching due to the recognition of RhBUA with Cr3+. Upon heating above the phase transition temperature, enhanced fluorescence intensity is observed (≈61‐fold increase at 45 °C) for the nanogel in the presence of Cr3+, accompanied with an improved detection sensitivity, which suggest that hydrophobic microenvironment generated in the collapsed nanogel plays an active role for their detection performance.
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Randomized trial of safinamide add‐on to levodopa in Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations
Authors: Borgohain Rupam , Szasz J. , Stanzione P. , Meshram C. , Bhatt M. , Chirilineau D. , Stocchi F. , Lucini V. , Giuliani R. , Forrest E. , Rice P. , Anand R. ,   Study 016 Investigators
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTLevodopa is effective for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but is associated with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Many patients require add‐on therapy to improve motor fluctuations without exacerbating dyskinesia. The objective of this Phase III, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of safinamide, an α‐aminoamide with dopaminergic and nondopaminergic mechanisms, as add‐on to l‐dopa in the treatment of patients with PD and motor fluctuations. Patients were randomized to oral safinamide 100 mg/day (n = 224), 50 mg/day (n = 223), or placebo (n = 222) for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia (assessed using the Hauser patient diaries). Secondary endpoints included off time, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III (motor) scores, and Clinical Global Impression‐Change (CGI‐C). At week 24, mean ± SD increases in total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia were 1.36 ± 2.625 hours for safinamide 100 mg/day, 1.37 ± 2.745 hours for safinamide 50 mg/day, and 0.97 ± 2.375 hours for placebo. Least squares means differences in both safinamide groups were significantly higher versus placebo. Improvements in off time, UPDRS Part III, and CGI‐C were significantly greater in both safinamide groups versus placebo. There were no significant between‐group differences for incidences of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or TEAEs leading to discontinuation. The addition of safinamide 50 mg/day or 100 mg/day to l‐dopa in patients with PD and motor fluctuations significantly increased total on time with no or nontroublesome dyskinesia, decreased off time, and improved parkinsonism, indicating that safinamide improves motor symptoms and parkinsonism without worsening dyskinesia. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
BMI‐for‐age Z‐score distribution shifts among Chinese children: Gender disparity
Authors: Song Yi , Wang Hai‐Jun , Ma Jun , Lau Patrick W.C. , Hu Peijin , Zhang Bing , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo identify gender differences among Chinese school‐aged children from 1995 to 2010, and to project the future BMI‐for‐age Z‐score distribution and prevalence of obesity.MethodsThe data were from four cross‐sectional surveys (1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010) of Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) with a national representative sample of Chinese children, involving more than 200,000 participants at each survey. BMI‐for‐age Z‐score distributional shifts overall and in percentiles were compared by gender. Average shift was calculated for four survey periods and used for projecting future distributions and obesity prevalence.ResultsBMI‐for‐age Z‐score increased more in their upper percentile distribution, indicating that Chinese children have become heavier over the past 15 years. Gender disparity in BMI‐for‐age Z‐score has become wider during the period. Over a 15‐year period, BMI‐for‐age Z‐score shift among girls has been stable, while boy's BMI‐for‐age Z‐score shifts has increased linearly. By 2020, the obesity prevalence is predicted to be 10.18% and 4.99% for boys and girls, respectively.ConclusionsThe wider gender disparity suggested a larger proportion of obesity in boys than in girls. Therefore, gender‐specific preventive guidelines and public health policies for childhood obesity and cardiovascular diseases are urgently needed in China.
Challenging the state of the art in protein structure prediction: Highlights of experimental target structures for the 10th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction Experiment CASP10
Authors: Kryshtafovych Andriy , Moult John , Bales Patrick , Bazan J. Fernando , Biasini Marco , Burgin Alex , Chen Chen , Cochran Frank V. , Craig Timothy K. , Das Rhiju , Fass Deborah , Garcia‐Doval Carmela , Herzberg Osnat , Lorimer Donald , Luecke Hartmut , Ma Xiaolei , Nelson Daniel C. , van Raaij Mark J. , Rohwer Forest , Segall Anca , Seguritan Victor , Zeth Kornelius , Schwede Torsten 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFor the last two decades, CASP has assessed the state of the art in techniques for protein structure prediction and identified areas which required further development. CASP would not have been possible without the prediction targets provided by the experimental structural biology community. In the latest experiment, CASP10, more than 100 structures were suggested as prediction targets, some of which appeared to be extraordinarily difficult for modeling. In this article, authors of some of the most challenging targets discuss which specific scientific question motivated the experimental structure determination of the target protein, which structural features were especially interesting from a structural or functional perspective, and to what extent these features were correctly reproduced in the predictions submitted to CASP10. Specifically, the following targets will be presented: the acid‐gated urea channel, a difficult to predict transmembrane protein from the important human pathogen Helicobacter pylori; the structure of human interleukin (IL)−34, a recently discovered helical cytokine; the structure of a functionally uncharacterized enzyme OrfY from Thermoproteus tenax formed by a gene duplication and a novel fold; an ORFan domain of mimivirus sulfhydryl oxidase R596; the fiber protein gene product 17 from bacteriophage T7; the bacteriophage CBA‐120 tailspike protein; a virus coat protein from metagenomic samples of the marine environment; and finally, an unprecedented class of structure prediction targets based on engineered disulfide‐rich small proteins. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):26–42. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spin‐on‐dopant phosphorus diffusion in germanium thin films for near‐infrared detectors
Authors: Sorianello V. , De Iacovo A. , Colace L. , Fabbri A. , Tortora L. , Assanto G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThreading dislocations in germanium thin films on silicon introduce acceptor states in the germanium bandgap close to the valence band. Thus, highly defected germanium thin films spontaneously exhibit a p‐type behavior. Here we report on spin‐on‐dopant diffusion of phosphorus in thermally evaporated, highly defected germanium thin films. We demonstrate effective compensation of the acceptor states associated to dislocations by means of post‐growth doping.We discuss phosphorus diffusion in these highly defected films and pinpoint the benefits of spin‐on‐doping by realizing and testing near‐infrared photodiodes in evaporated Ge on Si, achieving high responsivities which compare well with those of state‐of‐the‐art Ge p‐i‐n photodiodes. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On an improved boron segregation calibration from a particularly sensitive power MOS process
Authors: Koffel S. , Burenkov A. , Sekowski M. , Pichler P. , Giubertoni D. , Bersani M. , Knaipp M. , Wachmann E. , Schrems M. , Yamamoto Y. , Bolze D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOne of the main issues for the simulation of MOS transistors is the correct prediction of threshold voltages that depend on the active doping profiles in the channel under the gate oxide. Simulating a power MOS process we encountered a situation in which Sentaurus Process with default models failed to predict threshold voltages by as much as 3 V. An in‐depth investigation revealed that the threshold voltage in our pMOS devices is determined by a very special distribution of the doping in the channel that involves both n‐type and p‐type doping which nearly compensate each other. As threshold voltages were found in the simulations to be particularly sensitive to boron segregation, silicon samples were implanted with boron and oxidized in several atmospheres for a variety of process times.The profiles were studied by advanced SIMS methods. Because of the limitations of the SIMS depth resolution, they had to be complemented by electrical measurements on MOS transistors. This combination finally allowed finding a new calibration for the segregation models which allows predicting the electrical characteristics of the transistors in a wide range of experimental conditions. Since the threshold voltage in our transistors turned out to be extremely sensitive to the boron segregation parameters, in contrast to technologies in which only one dopant type prevails, the newly achieved calibration should be superior to previous work. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomistic investigation of the impact of stress during solid phase epitaxial regrowth
Authors: Sklenard Benoit , Barbe Jean‐Charles , Batude Perrine , Rivallin Pierrette , Tavernier Clement , Cristoloveanu Sorin , Martin‐Bragado Ignacio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn atomistic model to account for the impact of stress during solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER) is proposed. This model is based on the lattice kinetic Monte Carlo method. It has been compared with experimental data of regrowth velocity as a function of hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic stresses.In particular, it permits to provide a physical explanation of the observations upon in‐plane uniaxial stress based on the assumption that {100} events occur through a dual‐timescale atomistic mechanism. Our model also catches the fact that compressive normal uniaxial stress and hydrostatic pressure result in an enhancement of the regrowth velocity with a similar activation volume.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)