bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Addenda in Anatomic Pathology as a Quality Monitoring Initiative
Authors: Babwah Jesse Paul , Khalifa Mahmoud , Rowsell Corwyn 
Published: October 2014

ContextAlong with the integration of immunohistochemical markers and molecular techniques into routine practice, addenda in surgical pathology reporting have not only increased in frequency but also evolved to include prognostic and therapeutic information. Because of the lack of uniform practice with respect to issuing addenda, information that can significantly change the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment plan may be issued as an addendum as opposed to an amendment.ObjectiveTo audit addenda and identify instances of amendments masquerading as addenda.DesignAll addenda during a 36-month period were reviewed. Each addendum report was classified by accession class, issuing pathologist, subspecialty category, indication for addendum, whether the addendum constituted a change in diagnostic meaning, whether a change in prognosis occurred, and if a change in treatment plan was necessary.ResultsAll cytology and autopsy addenda were deemed appropriate. Thirty-three of 5028 (6.5 of 1000) surgical pathology addenda were deemed to have changes: Among the 33 faux addenda, 30 (91%) contained supplemental diagnostic information that would alter patient management and 31 (94%) contained additional information that would change the prognosis from that entailed by the original diagnosis.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that not infrequently, surgical pathology addenda contain information that significantly alters the report and thus merit an amendment. Quality monitoring initiatives that evaluate pathologist and departmental performance should assess both addenda and amendments.
Concise Review: Different Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Populations Reside in the Adult Kidney
Authors: Bruno Stefania , Chiabotto Giulia , Camussi Giovanni 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

During fetal life, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) surround glomeruli and tubules and contribute to the development of the renal interstitium by secretion of growth factors that drive nephron differentiation. In the adult, an MSC-like population has been demonstrated in different compartments of human and murine nephrons. After injury, these cells might provide support for kidney regeneration by recapitulating the role they have in embryonic life. In this short review, we discuss the evidence of an MSC presence within the adult kidney and their potential contribution to the turnover of renal cells and injury repair.
Proceedings: Consideration of Genetics in the Design of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models of Complex Disease
Authors: Grieshammer Uta , Shepard Kelly A. 
Published: October 2014

Summary
The goal of exploiting induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for the discovery of new mechanisms and treatments of disease is being pursued by many laboratories, and analyses of rare monogenic diseases have already provided ample evidence that this approach has merit. Considering the enormous medical burden imposed by common chronic diseases, successful implementation of iPSC-based models has the potential for major impact on these diseases as well. Since common diseases represent complex traits with varying genetic and environmental contributions to disease manifestation, the use of iPSC technology poses unique challenges. In this perspective, we will consider how the genetics of complex disease and mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation affect experimental design.
Fine‐suspended sediment and water budgets for a large, seasonally dry tropical catchment: Burdekin River catchment, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Bainbridge Zoë T. , Lewis Stephen E. , Smithers Scott G. , Kuhnert Petra M. , Henderson Brent L. , Brodie Jon E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Burdekin River catchment (∼130,400 km2) is a seasonally dry tropical catchment located in north‐east Queensland, Australia. It is the single largest source of suspended sediment to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Fine sediments are a threat to ecosystems on the GBR where they contribute to elevated turbidity (reduced light), sedimentation stress, and potential impacts from the associated nutrients. Suspended sediment data collected over a 5 year period were used to construct a catchment‐wide sediment source and transport budget. The Bowen River tributary was identified as the major source of end‐of‐river suspended sediment export, yielding an average of 530 t km−2 yr−1 during the study period. Sediment trapping within a large reservoir (1.86 million ML) and the preferential transport of clays and fine silts downstream of the structure were also examined. The data reveal that the highest clay and fine silt loads—which are of most interest to environmental managers of the GBR—are not always sourced from areas that yield the largest total suspended sediment load (i.e., all size fractions). Our results demonstrate the importance of incorporating particle size into catchment sediment budget studies undertaken to inform management decisions to reduce downstream turbidity and sedimentation. Our data on sediment source, reservoir influence, and subcatchment and catchment yields will improve understandings of sediment dynamics in other tropical catchments, particularly those located in seasonally wet‐dry tropical savannah/semiarid climates. The influence of climatic variability (e.g., drought/wetter periods) on annual sediment loads within large seasonally dry tropical catchments is also demonstrated by our data.
Subsurface lateral preferential flow network revealed by time‐lapse ground‐penetrating radar in a hillslope
Authors: Guo Li , Chen Jin , Lin Henry 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSubsurface lateral preferential flow (LPF) has been observed to contribute substantially to hillslope and catchment runoff. However, the complex nature of LPF and the lack of an appropriate investigation method have hindered direct LPF observation in the field. Thus, the initiation, persistence, and dynamics of LPF networks remain poorly understood. This study explored the application of time‐lapse ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) together with an artificial infiltration to shed light on the nature of LPF and its dynamics in a hillslope. Based on our enhanced field experimental setup and carefully refined GPR data postprocessing algorithms, we developed a new protocol to reconstruct LPF networks with centimeter resolution. This is the first time that a detailed LPF network and its dynamics have been revealed noninvasively along a hillslope. Real‐time soil water monitoring and field soil investigation confirmed the locations of LPF mapped by time‐lapse GPR surveys. Our results indicated the following: (1) Increased spatial variations of radar signals after infiltration suggested heterogeneous soil water changes within the studied soil, which reflected the generation and dynamics of LPF; (2) Two types of LPF networks were identified, the network at the location of soil permeability contrasts and that formed via a series of connected preferential flow paths; and (3) The formation and distribution of LPF networks were influenced by antecedent soil water condition. Overall, this study demonstrates clearly that carefully designed time‐lapse GPR surveys with enhanced data postprocessing offer a practical and nondestructive way of mapping LPF networks in the field, thereby providing a potentially significant enhancement in our ability to study complex subsurface flow processes across the landscape.
Observed interannual variability of zonal currents in the equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline and their relation to Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Zhang Dongxiao , McPhaden Michael J. , Lee Tong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInterannual variability of zonal currents in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean thermocline is significantly correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This relationship is more significant than for zonal currents and the Dipole Mode Index, the latter of which measures zonal SST anomaly gradient. The variability of zonal currents in the thermocline is consistent with the variations of eastward pressure gradient force in the thermocline and the equatorward geostrophic thermocline flows associated with the shallow meridional overturning circulations in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. Our analysis suggests a positive feedback between zonal currents in the thermocline and SST in the eastern pole of IOD. The combination of equatorial wind and off‐equatorial wind stress curls associated with SST anomalies in the eastern pole of the IOD drives interannual variability in equatorial zonal thermocline flows and its covariability with the shallow meridional overturning cells.
Charge balance and ionospheric potential dynamics in time‐dependent global electric circuit model
Authors: Jánský Jaroslav , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe have developed a time‐dependent model of global electric circuit (GEC) in spherical coordinates. The model solves time‐dependent charge continuity equation coupled with Poisson's equation. An implicit time stepping is used to avoid a strict dielectric relaxation time step condition, and boundary conditions for Poisson's equation are implemented to allow accurate description of time evolution of the ionospheric potential. The concept of impulse response of GEC is introduced that allows effective representation of complex time dynamics of various physical quantities in the circuit using model results obtained for instantaneous deposition of a point charge. The more complex problems are then reconstructed using convolution and linearity principles. For a point charge instantaneously deposited at a typical thundercloud altitude the impulse response of the charge density shows induction of the same value and polarity charge at the ionospheric boundary, while charge of the same value but opposite sign is moving down logarithmically with time and neutralizes the source point charge on time scale corresponding to the dielectric relaxation time at altitude of the source point charge. The ionospheric potential is modified immediately with input of the source point charge based on free space solution of Poisson's equation. Then the ionospheric potential relaxes. It is shown that during formation of two main charge centers of the thundercloud, typically represented by a current dipole, the ionospheric potential can be determined from the difference of time integrals of two ionospheric potential impulse responses corresponding to charge locations at the opposite ends of the current dipole. For latitude‐ and longitude‐independent conductivity model, the total charge on the Earth is exactly zero at all times. During cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharge, the ionospheric potential changes instantaneously by a value proportional to the charge moment change produced by lightning and then relaxes to zero. For a typical charge moment change of 35Ckm and lightning frequency 10s−1, the ionospheric potential changes by 9.3kV; this value agrees well with the results presented by Rycroft et al. () and Rycroft and Odzimek ().
Wave normal angles of whistler mode chorus rising and falling tones
Authors: Taubenschuss Ulrich , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Santolík Ondrej , Vaivads Andris , Cully Christopher M. , Contel Olivier Le , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present a study of wave normal angles (θk) of whistler mode chorus emission as observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) during the year 2008. The three inner THEMIS satellites THA, THD, and THE usually orbit Earth close to the dipole magnetic equator (±20°), covering a large range of L shells from the plasmasphere out to the magnetopause. Waveform measurements of electric and magnetic fields enable a detailed polarization analysis of chorus below 4 kHz. When displayed in a frequency‐θk histogram, four characteristic regions of occurrence are evident. They are separated by gaps at f/fc,e≈0.5 (f is the chorus frequency, fc,e is the local electron cyclotron frequency) and at θk∼40°. Below θk∼40°, the average value for θk is predominantly field aligned, but slightly increasing with frequency toward half of fc,e (θk up to 20°). Above half of fc,e, the average θk is again decreasing with frequency. Above θk∼40°, wave normal angles are usually close to the resonance cone angle. Furthermore, we present a detailed comparison of electric and magnetic fields of chorus rising and falling tones. Falling tones exhibit peaks in occurrence solely for θk>40° and are propagating close to the resonance cone angle. Nevertheless, when comparing rising tones to falling tones at θk>40°, the ratio of magnetic to electric field shows no significant differences. Thus, we conclude that falling tones are generated under similar conditions as rising tones, with common source regions close to the magnetic equatorial plane.
Deep crustal structure of an arc‐continent collision: Constraints from seismic traveltimes in central Taiwan and the Philippine Sea
Authors: Van Avendonk H. J. A. , Kuo‐Chen H. , McIntosh K. D. , Lavier L. L. , Okaya D. A. , Wu F. T. , Wang C. Y. , Lee C. S. , Liu C. S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe collision of continental crust of the Eurasian Plate with the overriding Luzon Arc in central Taiwan has led to compression, uplift, and exhumation of rocks that were originally part of the Chinese rifted margin. Though the kinematics of the fold‐thrust belt on the west side of the orogen has been described in detail, the style of deformation in the lower crust beneath Taiwan is still not well understood. In addition, the fate of the Luzon Arc and Forearc in the collision is also not clear. Compressional wave arrival times from active‐source and earthquake seismic data from the Taiwan Integrated Geodynamic Research program constrain the seismic velocity structure of the lithosphere along transect T5, an east‐west corridor in central Taiwan. The results of our analysis indicate that the continental crust of the Eurasian margin forms a broad crustal root beneath central Taiwan, possibly with a thickness of 55 km. Compressional seismic velocities beneath the Central Range of Taiwan are as low as 5.5 km/s at 25 km depth, whereas P wave seismic velocities in the middle crust on the eastern flank of the Taiwan mountain belt average 6.5–7.0 km/s. This suggests that the incoming sediments and upper crust of the Eurasian Plate are buried to midcrustal depth in the western flank of the orogen before they are exhumed in the Central Range. To the east, the Luzon Arc and Forearc are deformed beneath the Coastal Range of central Taiwan. Fragments of the rifted margin of the South China Sea that were accreted in the early stages of the collision form a new backstop that controls the exhumation of Eurasian strata to the west in this evolving mountain belt.
Comparisons of emissivity observations from satellites and the ground at the CRCS Dunhuang Gobi site
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Zhenglong , Li Jun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo sets of field‐measured hyperspectral resolution infrared (IR) emissivity spectra were taken from the China Radiometric Calibration Sites (CRCS) Dunhuang site in China, with one representing daytime and the other representing nighttime. Comparisons of the two sets show that the daytime emissivity is smaller than the nighttime emissivity in almost the entire spectrum between 7.5 and 14 µm, strong field evidence to support emissivity diurnal variations, which have been reported in previous studies using satellite observations. These emissivities are used as a reference to evaluate three different emissivity products from the same site: the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) operational emissivity products, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational emissivity products, and the University of Wisconsin‐Madison Hyperspectral Resolution IR emissivity (UWIREMIS) database. The AIRS emissivity does not agree as well with the field measurements when compared to that from MODIS and the UWIREMIS despite the fact that AIRS is hyperspectral; the likely cause for the disagreement is cloud contamination due to AIRS' large footprint. MODIS has the advantage of high spatial resolution and visible/near‐infrared channels to help the cloud mask and is therefore less affected by cloud contamination. The V4.1 MODIS emissivity agrees better with the field measurement than the UWIREMIS, while the V5 does not do as well. The UWIREMIS emissivity, on the other hand, has the advantage of hyperspectral resolution, which makes it more useful for applications. The temporal analysis of the three satellite‐based emissivity products is also presented.
Statistical emulation of streamflow projections from a distributed hydrological model: Application to CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate projections for British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Schnorbus Markus A. , Cannon Alex J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA recent hydrological impacts study in British Columbia, Canada, used an ensemble of 23 climate change simulations to assess potential future changes in streamflow. These Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3) simulations were statistically downscaled and used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model over several watersheds. Due to computational restrictions, the 23 member VIC ensemble is a subset of the full 136 member CMIP3 archive. Extending the VIC ensemble to cover the full range of uncertainty represented by CMIP3, and incorporating the latest generation CMIP5 ensembles, poses a considerable computing challenge. Thus, we extend the VIC ensemble using a computationally efficient statistical emulation model, which approximates the combined output of the two‐step process of statistical downscaling and hydrologic modeling, trained with the 23 member VIC ensemble. Regularized multiple linear regression links projected changes in monthly temperature and precipitation with projected changes in monthly streamflow over the Fraser and Peace River watersheds. Following validation, the statistical emulator is forced with the full suite of CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate change projections. The 23 member VIC ensemble has a smaller spread than the full ensemble; however, both ensembles provide the same consensus estimate of monthly streamflow change. Qualitatively, CMIP5 shows a similar streamflow response as CMIP3 for snow‐dominated hydrologic regimes. However, by end‐century, the CMIP5 worst‐case RCP8.5 has a larger impact than CMIP3 A2. This work also underscores the advantage of using emulation to rapidly identify those future extreme projections that may merit further study using more computationally demanding process‐based methods.
Regional patterns of interannual variability of catchment water balances across the continental U.S.: A Budyko framework
Authors: Carmona Alejandra M. , Sivapalan Murugesu , Yaeger Mary A. , Poveda Germán 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatterns of interannual variability of the annual water balance are explored using data from 190 MOPEX catchments across the continental U.S. This analysis has led to the derivation of a quantitative, dimensionless, Budyko‐type framework to characterize the observed interannual variability of annual water balances. The resulting model is expressed in terms of a humidity index that measures the competition between water and energy availability at the annual time scale, and a similarity parameter (α) that captures the net effects of other short‐term climate features and local landscape characteristics. This application of the model to the 190 study catchments revealed the existence of space‐time symmetry between spatial (between‐catchment) variability and general trends in the temporal (between‐year) variability of the annual water balances. The MOPEX study catchments were classified into eight similar catchment groups on the basis of magnitudes of the similarity parameter α. Interesting regional trends of α across the continental U.S. were brought out through identification of similarities between the spatial positions of the catchment groups with the mapping of distinctive ecoregions that implicitly take into account common climatic and vegetation characteristics. In this context, this study has introduced a deep sense of similarity that is evident in observed space‐time variability of water balances that also reflect the codependence and coevolution of climate and landscape properties.
Finde den Unterschied: synthetische und natürliche Nanopartikel in der Umwelt – Freisetzung, Verhalten und Verbleib
Authors: Wagner Stephan , Gondikas Andreas , Neubauer Elisabeth , Hofmann Thilo , von der Kammer Frank 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Produktion und Verwendung von Nanopartikeln haben zur Folge, dass synthetische Nanopartikel in die Umwelt freigesetzt werden, wo sie vielfältige Reaktionen und Wechselwirkungen eingehen können. Für natürlich vorkommende Nanopartikel (1–100 nm) und Kolloide (1–1000 nm) werden solche Reaktionen und das daraus resultierende Verhalten und der Verbleib in der Umwelt seit langem untersucht. Die aus diesen Untersuchungen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse reichen jedoch für die Erstellung genauer Modelle über das Verhalten und den Verbleib synthetischer Nanopartikel in der Umwelt längst nicht aus, bilden aber einen guten Ausgangspunkt für eine Risikobewertung dieser neuen Materialien. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist der kritische Vergleich zwischen den Prozessen natürlicher und synthetischer Systeme. Auf diese Weise sollen die “nanospezifischen” Eigenschaften der synthetischen Partikel sowie maßgebliche Wissenslücken für eine Risikobewertung von künstlich hergestellten Nanomaterialien in der Umwelt identifiziert werden.
Bioorthogonal Cleavage and Exchange of Major Histocompatibility Complex Ligands by Employing Azobenzene‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Choo Joanna A. L. , Thong Sock Yue , Yap Jiawei , van Esch Wim J. E. , Raida Manfred , Meijers Rob , Lescar Julien , Verhelst Steven H. L. , Grotenbreg Gijsbert M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBioorthogonal cleavable linkers are attractive building blocks for compounds that can be manipulated to study biological and cellular processes. Sodium dithionite sensitive azobenzene‐containing (Abc) peptides were applied for the temporary stabilization of recombinant MHC complexes, which can then be employed to generate libraries of MHC tetramers after exchange with a novel epitope. This technology represents an important tool for high‐throughput studies of disease‐specific T cell responses.
Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Cobalt–Polypyridine Complex
Authors: Wang Hong‐Yan , Mijangos Edgar , Ott Sascha , Thapper Anders 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe dinuclear Co complex [(TPA)Co(μ‐OH)(μ‐O2)Co(TPA)](ClO4)3 (1, TPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine) catalyzes the oxidation of water. In the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and S2O82−, photoinduced oxygen evolution can be observed with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.4±0.1 mol(O2) mol(1)−1 s−1 and a maximal turnover number (TON) of 58±5 mol(O2) mol(1)−1. The complex is shown to act as a molecular and homogeneous catalyst and a mechanism is proposed based on the combination of EPR data and light‐driven O2 evolution kinetics.