bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarkable Selectivity and Photo‐Cytotoxicity of an Oxidovanadium(IV) Complex of Curcumin in Visible Light
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Dixit Akanksha , Karande Anjali A. , Chakravarty Akhil R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOxidovanadium(IV) complexes of 2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (pyphen), viz. [VO(pyphen)(acac)](ClO4) (1), [VO(pyphen)(anacac)](ClO4) (2) and [VO(pyphen)(cur)](ClO4) (3), where acac is acetylacetonate (in 1), anacac is anthracenylacetylacetonate (in 2) and cur is curcumin monoanion (in 3) were synthesized, characterized and their photo‐induced DNA cleavage activities and photo‐cytotoxicities studied. The complexes are 1:1 electrolytes in DMF. The one‐electron paramagnetic complexes show a d‐d band near 760 nm in DMF. Complexes 2 and 3 are blue and green emissive, respectively, in DMSO. The complexes exhibit irreversible VIV/VIII reductive responses near –1.1 V and VV/VIV oxidative responses near 0.85 V vs. SCE in DMF–0.1 M TBAP. Complexes 2 and 3 display significant and selective photo‐cytotoxicity upon irradiation with visible light giving an IC50 value of about 5 μM against HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cells; they are significantly less‐toxic against normal 3T3 control cells and in the absence of light. Complex 1 was used as a control. Both cytosolic and nuclear localization of the complexes were observed on the basis of fluorescence imaging. The complexes, avid binders to calf thymus (ct) DNA, were found to photocleave supercoiled pUC19 DNA upon irradiation with near‐IR light (785 nm) by generating hydroxyl radical (·OH) as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cell death events noted with HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines likely are attributable to apoptotic pathways involving light‐assisted generation of intracellular ROS.
Five‐Coordinate Indium(III) Porphyrins with Hydroxy and Carboxy BODIPY as Axial Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Panda Manas K. , Lazarides Theodore , Charalambidis Georgios , Nikolaou Vasilis , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new series of dyads (TPP)In–O–BDP and (TPP)In–OOC–BDP comprising an indium tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)In–Cl axially substituted with different boron dipyrrin (bodipy) chromophores are reported. Both compounds were synthesized by the reaction between (TPP)In–Cl and corresponding bodipy units in the presence of a NaH base. Two reference compounds (TPP)In–O–Ph and (TPP)In–OOC–Ph have also been synthesized in order to compare their photophysical and electrochemical properties with the final dyads. The photophysical properties of the compounds were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy studies at room temperature as well as at 77 K. Fluorescence spectra suggest weak excited state interactions between the bodipy chromophore and the indium–porphyrin unit. The electrochemical as well as the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data also support the formation of the dyads (TPP)In–O–BDP and (TPP)In–OOC–BDP. Furthermore, DFT and TDDFT calculations were carried out to obtain insight into the electronic properties of the dyads.
The emergence of age‐dependent social cognitive deficits after generalized insult to the developing brain: A longitudinal prospective analysis using susceptibility‐weighted imaging
Authors: Ryan Nicholas P. , Catroppa Cathy , Cooper Janine M. , Beare Richard , Ditchfield Michael , Coleman Lee , Silk Timothy , Crossley Louise , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Anderson Vicki A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChildhood and adolescence are critical periods for maturation of neurobiological processes that underlie complex social and emotional behavior including Theory of Mind (ToM). While structural correlates of ToM are well described in adults, less is known about the anatomical regions subsuming these skills in the developing brain or the impact of cerebral insult on the acquisition and establishment of high‐level social cognitive skills. This study aimed to examine the differential influence of age‐at‐insult and brain pathology on ToM in a sample of children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children and adolescents with TBI (n = 112) were categorized according to timing of brain insult: (i) middle childhood (5–9 years; n = 41); (ii) late childhood (10–11 years; n = 39); and (iii) adolescence (12–15 years; n = 32) and group‐matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status to a typically developing (TD) control group (n = 43). Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging including a susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) sequence 2–8 weeks postinjury and were assessed on a battery of ToM tasks at 6‐ and 24‐months after injury. Results showed that for adolescents with TBI, social cognitive dysfunction at 6‐ and 24‐months postinjury was associated with diffuse neuropathology and a greater number of lesions detected using SWI. In the late childhood TBI group, we found a time‐dependent emergence of social cognitive impairment, linked to diffuse neuropathology. The middle childhood TBI group demonstrated performance unrelated to SWI pathology and comparable to TD controls. Findings indicate that the full extent of social cognitive deficits may not be realized until the associated skills reach maturity. Evidence for brain structure–function relationships suggests that the integrity of an anatomically distributed network of brain regions and their connections is necessary for the acquisition and establishment of high‐level social cognitive skills. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1677–1691, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vertical bone augmentation induced by ultrathin hydroxyapatite sputtered coated mini titanium implants in a rabbit calvaria model
Authors: Wang Xin , Zakaria Osama , Madi Marwa , Hao Jia , Chou Joshua , Kasugai Shohei 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the vertical new bone formation induced by sputtered HA‐coated titanium implants (HA‐coated) compared with sandblasted acid‐etched titanium implants (noncoated) in a rabbit calvarial model.Materials and methodTwenty HA‐coated and 20 noncoated titanium implants were divided equally into four groups as HA‐coated implant (HA); noncoated implant (NC); HA‐coated implant with membrane (HA/M); noncoated implant with membrane (NC/M). All implants were placed 5 mm above the original bone (OB). Collagen membranes were placed over the implants in HA/M and NC/M groups. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks (n = 5) and 8 weeks (n = 5). Vertical bone height above OB (VBH, mm) and augmented bone area (ABA, mm2) were analyzed histologically and radiographically.ResultsAt 4 weeks, VBH reached significantly higher level in HA/M group compared with other three groups (p < 0.05). At 8 weeks, significant difference was detected between HA/M and NC groups (p < 0.05). At 4 and 8 weeks, ABA in HA/M group was significantly larger compared with other three groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe present results indicated that sputtered HA‐coated titanium implant together with collagen membrane could be a novel and effective approach for vertical bone augmentation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1700–1708, 2015.
Using Social Cognitive Career Theory to Assess Student Outcomes of Group Design Projects in Statics
Authors: Atadero Rebecca A. , Rambo‐Hernandez Karen E. , Balgopal Meena M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundEngineering programs strive to retain students and prepare them for engineering careers. Introducing group design projects into courses may help keep students interested while also improving their learning outcomes.Purpose/HypothesisThis study measures differences in student content knowledge and intention to persist in engineering between an intervention section with group design projects and a comparison section without. We hypothesized that students in the intervention section would show an increase in both outcomes that could be demonstrated with structural equation models based on social cognitive career theory (SCCT).Design/MethodIntervention and comparison sections of a statics course were taught by the same instructor with predominately lectures. Students in the intervention section participated in three group design projects that supplemented the course content. All students took pre‐tests and post‐tests that assessed statics content knowledge and variables in SCCT. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe use of projects did not result in higher self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, content knowledge, or intention to persist for students in the intervention. However, for students in the intervention section, there were strong positive relationships between self‐efficacy and outcome expectations and between intention to persist and content knowledge that were not demonstrated in the comparison section.ConclusionsBy using SCCT to model how students develop into engineers, we could detect the effect of introducing projects into a statics course. Connections formed by students in the intervention section between their own abilities, goals, and success in engineering demonstrate that group design projects do benefit students.
Characterization of Local Elastic Modulus in Confined Polymer Films via AFM Indentation
Authors: Cheng Xu , Putz Karl W. , Wood Charles D. , Brinson L. Catherine 
Published: December 2014

The properties of polymers near an interface are altered relative to their bulk value due both to chemical interaction and geometric confinement effects. For the past two decades, the dynamics of polymers in confined geometries (thin polymer film or nanocomposites with high‐surface area particles) has been studied in detail, allowing progress to be made toward understanding the origin of the dynamic effects near interfaces. Observations of mechanical property enhancements in polymer nanocomposites have been attributed to similar origins. However, the existing measurement methods of these local mechanical properties have resulted in a variety of conflicting results on the change of mechanical properties of confined polymers. Here, an atomic force microscopy (AFM)‐based method is demonstrated that directly measures the mechanical properties of polymers adjacent to a substrate with nanometer resolution. This method allows us to consistently observe the gradient in mechanical properties away from a substrate in various materials systems, and paves the way for a unified understanding of thermodynamic and mechanical response of polymers. This gradient is both longer (up to 170 nm) and of higher magnitude (50% increase) than expected from prior results. Through the use of this technique, we will be better able to understand how to design polymer nanocomposites and polymeric structures at the smallest length scale, which affects the fields of structures, electronics, and healthcare.
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Computational simulation of chemical dissolution‐front instability in fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B. E. , Ord A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis paper primarily deals with the computational aspects of chemical dissolution‐front instability problems in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions. After the dimensionless governing partial differential equations of the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution‐front instability problem are briefly described, the formulation of a computational procedure, which contains a combination of using the finite difference and finite element method, is derived for simulating the morphological evolution of chemical dissolution fronts in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system within two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media. To ensure the correctness and accuracy of the numerical solutions, the proposed computational procedure is verified through comparing the numerical solutions with the analytical solutions for a benchmark problem. As an application example, the verified computational procedure is then used to simulate the morphological evolution of chemical dissolution fronts in the supercritical non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system. The related numerical results have demonstrated the following: (1) the proposed computational procedure can produce accurate numerical solutions for the planar chemical dissolution‐front propagation problem in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system consisting of a fluid‐saturated porous medium; (2) the Zhao number has a significant effect not only on the dimensionless propagation speed of the chemical dissolution front but also on the distribution patterns of the dimensionless temperature, dimensionless pore‐fluid pressure, and dimensionless chemical‐species concentration in a non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system; (3) once the finger penetrates the whole computational domain, the dimensionless pore‐fluid pressure decreases drastically in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system.
The political nature of brand governance: a discourse analysis approach to a regional brand building process
Authors: Lucarelli Andrea , Giovanardi Massimo 
Published: December 2014

The present paper takes the empirical phenomenon of place branding as an appropriate point of view to understand the communicative process of brand governance in the realm of the public.The paper explores the modalities through which a brand governance emerges as a negotiated and contested mechanism reproduced through language. By drawing on the analytical approach of interpretative repertoires, the analysis demonstrates that a process of governance can be seen as a ‘text’ in a constant state of negotiation in which the level of involvement in the brand building process can be discursively contested, with language illustrating the ways in which different actors express their positionalities (hegemonic or subalternate). The analysis suggests that this can be seen as a power political process in which politics of space and time are expressed linguistically by the different actors involved in brand governance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybridization of emitting polyfluorene with silicone
Authors: Nishikawa Shinji , Kami Sayaka , Ashikin Nurul , Haswan Badrul , Uno Takahiro , Itoh Takahito , Kubo Masataka 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPolyfluorenes with pendant allyl groups were prepared by terpolymerization of 9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐bis(trimethyleneborate), 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐bis(2‐allyloxyethyl)fluorene, and 4,7‐dibromo‐2,1,3‐benzothiazole, or 4,7‐dibromo‐2,1,3‐naphthoselenadiazole using Suzuki coupling reaction. The subsequent hydrosilylation reaction of these precursor polymers with ethoxydimethylsilane quantitatively converted the allyl groups to ethoxysilyl groups. Hybridization of the emitting polyfluorenes with silicone was successfully achieved by the solvent‐free sol–gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane and silanol‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane in the presence of the ethoxysilyl‐functionalized polyfluorenes. Fluorescence spectra of these luminescent silicones revealed that emitting polyfluorenes were dispersed homogeneously in the matrix of silicone without aggregation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 622–628
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Harness Purinergenic Signaling to Tolerize Human Th1 Cells In Vivo
Authors: Amarnath Shoba , Foley Jason E. , Farthing Don E. , Gress Ronald E. , Laurence Arian , Eckhaus Michael A. , Métais Jean-Yves , Rose Jeremy J. , Hakim Frances T. , Felizardo Tania C. , Cheng Austin V. , Robey Pamela G. , Stroncek David E. , Sabatino Marianna , Battiwalla Minoo , Ito Sawa , Fowler Daniel H. , Barrett Austin J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) in the treatment of alloimmune and autoimmune conditions has generated much interest, yet an understanding of the therapeutic mechanism remains elusive. We therefore explored immune modulation by a clinical-grade BMSC product in a model of human-into-mouse xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (x-GVHD) mediated by human CD4+ Th1 cells. BMSC reversed established, lethal x-GVHD through marked inhibition of Th1 cell effector function. Gene marking studies indicated BMSC engraftment was limited to the lung; furthermore, there was no increase in regulatory T cells, thereby suggesting a paracrine mechanism of BMSC action. BMSC recipients had increased serum CD73 expressing exosomes that promoted adenosine accumulation ex vivo. Importantly, immune modulation mediated by BMSC was fully abrogated by pharmacologic therapy with an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. To investigate the potential clinical relevance of these mechanistic findings, patient serum samples collected pre- and post-BMSC treatment were studied for exosome content: CD73 expressing exosomes promoting adenosine accumulation were detected in post-BMSC samples. In conclusion, BMSC effectively modulate experimental GVHD through a paracrine mechanism that promotes adenosine-based immune suppression. Stem Cells 2015;33:1200–1212 Stem Cells 2015;33:1200–1212
Differential effects between one week and four weeks exposure to same mass of SO2 on synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus
Authors: Yao Gaoyi , Yun Yang , Sang Nan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant. The previous studies have documented the adverse effects of SO2 on nervous system health, suggesting that acutely SO2 inhalation at high concentration may be associated with neurotoxicity and increase risk of hospitalization and mortality of many brain disorders. However, the remarkable features of air pollution exposure are lifelong duration and at low concentration; and it is rarely reported that whether there are different responses on synapse when rats inhaled same mass of SO2 at low concentration with a longer term. In this study, we evaluated the synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus after exposure to same mass of SO2 at various concentrations and durations (3.5 and 7 mg/m3, 6 h/day, for 4 weeks; and 14 and 28 mg/m3, 6 h/day, for 1 week). The results showed that the mRNA level of synaptic plasticity marker Arc, glutamate receptors (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B) and the protein expression of memory related kinase p‐CaMKпα were consistently inhibited by SO2 both in 1 week and 4 weeks exposure cases; the protein expression of presynaptic marker synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC) were increased in 1 week exposure case, and decreased in 4 weeks exposure case. Our results indicated that SO2 inhalation caused differential synaptic injury in 1 week and 4 weeks exposure cases, and implied the differential effects might result from different PKA‐ and/or PKC‐mediated signal pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 820–829, 2016.
Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260‐induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats
Authors: Aly Hamdy A. A. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Hassan Memy H. , Abd‐Ellah Mohamed F. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260‐induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control. Group II received lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day). Aroclor 1260 was given to rats by oral gavage at doses 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day (Groups III, IV, and V, respectively). Group VI was pretreated with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) 24 h before Aroclor 1260 (40 mg/kg/day). Treatment in all groups was continued for further 15 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased while total protein, total albumin, and high‐density lipoprotein were significantly decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in liver. Caspase‐3 & ‐9 activities were significantly increased in liver. Lipoic acid pretreatment significantly reverted all these abnormalities toward their normal levels. In conclusion, Aroclor 1260 induced liver dysfunction, at least in part, by induction of oxidative stress. Apoptotic effect of hepatic cells is involved in Aroclor 1260‐induced liver injury. Lipoic acid could protect rats against Aroclor 1260‐induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 913–922, 2016.
E‐Books and TPACK
Authors: Brueck Jeremy S. , Lenhart Lisa A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractToday's tech savvy young learners are equipped with a variety of technological tools used as easily as pencils and paper. Many reach for the laptop first when it's time to write or look for an ebook when it's time to read. Ebooks are increasingly viewed as an appropriate source for literacy exposure to books and reading by parents and educators, as net sales revenue from ebooks surpassed hardcover books in the first quarter of 2012 (Boog, 2012).As educators consider adopting ebooks as instructional resources, we must consider how to effectively merge content, pedagogy and technology in the early literacy classroom. In this article we discuss the emerging role of ebook technology in early reading instruction, along with describing how the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework (Mishra & Koehler, 2006) can assist teachers in understanding the dynamic relationship between content, pedagogy and technology in the literacy classroom.
Protein utilization, growth and survival in essential-fatty-acid-deficient rats
Authors: Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Ghusain-Choueiri Amal , Payne Philip R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe relationship between essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency and the utilization of dietary protein, growth rate and survival of offspring was investigated in rats during development and reproduction. EFA deficiency was induced by feeding a 200 g casein/kg-based diet containing 70 g hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO)/lkg as the only source of fat. The conversion efficiency of dietary protein was assessed as net protein utilization (NPU), using a 10 d comparative carcass technique. Consumption of the deficient diet during the 10 d assay period induced biochemical changes characteristic of mild EFA deficiency in humans (triene:tetraene 0·27 (SD 0·04) compared with 0·026 (SD 0·004) for wn-deficient controls), but there were no significant changes in growth rate or protein utilization. These variables were also unchanged when the deficient diet was fed for an additional 7 d before the assay, although triene: tetraene increased to 0.8 (SD 0·02). Feeding the deficient diet for 63 d before assay produced severe EFA deficiency (triene:tetraene 1.4 (SD 0·3) v. 0·036 (SD 0·005) for controls), a fall in growth rate (25% during assay period), and NPU (31.5 (SD 0·63) v. 39.0 (SD 0·93) for controls). These severely-EFA-deficient animals had a 30% higher fasting-resting rate of energy metabolism than that of age-matched controls. However, there was no change in the rate of endogenous N loss. Voluntary energy consumption was increased in animals fed on deficient diets, either with 200 g protein/kg, or protein free. The reduced efficiency of protein utilization could be entirely accounted for by the restricted amount of energy available for growth and protein deposition. Consumption of an EFA-deficient diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in high mortality (11% survival rate at weaning compared with 79% for controls) and retarded growth in the preweaning offspring. It is concluded that animals are particularly sensitive to EFA deficiency during reproduction and pre- and post-natal stages of development. However, after weaning only severe EFA deficiency retarded growth, primarily through changes in energy balance.