bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to assess the res judicata effects of international arbitral awards: giving concreteness to an autonomous approach
Authors: Radicati di Brozolo Luca G , Ponzano Flavio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article seeks to demonstrate the inadequacy of the ‘conflict-of-laws’ approach to determine the res judicata effects of international arbitral awards. Demystifying the erroneous assumption that the rules on the scope of res judicata are per se a matter of public policy, the authors defend an ‘autonomous’ approach, which dispenses with domestic law and confers broad preclusive effects on awards, with a view to avoiding the re-litigation of a dispute that is, in essence, the same as one already decided by a prior award. The legal bases for such an approach are party autonomy and the inherent powers of arbitrators. Building on the ILA Recommendations and recording the evolution of the conception of res judicata in certain civil law jurisdictions, the article proposes the elements of an arbitration-specific notion of the subject matter scope of the res judicata of awards with respect to issues of substantive law, addressing the situation of the res judicata of an award relied upon in further arbitral proceedings. The authors urge soft-law-making bodies and arbitral institutions to tackle arbitral res judicata proactively and contribute to the development of rules to give secure guidance to arbitrators and courts in determining its proper contours.
Circular PCR as an efficient and precise umbrella of methods for the generation of circular dsDNA with staggered nicks: Mechanism and types
Authors: Ferro-Gallego Pedro , Vila-Sanjurjo Antón , Valderrama Pereira Andrea Katherine , Porres Pérez Gonzalo , Domínguez-Gerpe Lourdes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here, we introduce the highly versatile circular polymerase chain reaction (CiPCR) technique, propose a mechanism of action, and describe a number of examples demonstrating the versatility of this technique. CiPCR takes place between two fragments of dsDNA with two homologous regions, as long as one of the fragments carries said regions at its 3′- and 5′-ends. Upon hybridization, elongation by a polymerase occurs from all 3′-ends continuously until a 5′-end is reached, leading to stable circular dsDNA with staggered nicks. When both dsDNA fragments carry the homology at their 3′- and 5′-ends (Type I CiPCR), all four 3′-ends effectively prime amplification of the intervening region and CiPCR products can function as template during the reaction. In contrast, when only one of the two dsDNA fragments carries the homologous regions at its 3′- and 5′-ends and the other carries such regions internally (Type II CiPCR), only two 3′-ends can be amplified and CiPCR products possess no template activity. We demonstrate the applicability of both CiPCR types via well-illustrated experimental examples. CiPCR is well adapted to the quick resolution of most of the molecular cloning challenges faced by the biology/biomedicine laboratory, including the generation of insertions, deletions, and mutations.
Property analysis and coherence dynamics for tree-symmetric networks with noise disturbance
Authors: Liu Jia-Bao , Guan Lei , Cao Jinde 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the leaderless and the leader–follower coherence of tree-symmetric networks. Firstly, the analytical expressions for the product and the sum of the reciprocals of all nonzero Laplacian eigenvalues of tree-symmetric networks are computed. Secondly, comparing the leaderless and leader–follower coherence, the existence of leader nodes and network parameters have a great impact on the coherence in the noisy environment. Finally, the Laplacian eigenvalues of tree-symmetric networks were utilized to analyze other properties of the network. These research results have certain theoretical significance for the promotion of distributed system and block chain technology.
Diagnosis and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Haines Jeremiah , Garster Noelle , Mohananey Divyanshu , Safarova Maya S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetically determined myocardial atrophy which progressively extends from the epicardium towards the endocardium, resulting in wall thinning. It is one of the leading causes of sudden death in young people. Postmortem studies demonstrate that up to 70–80% of the cases have biventricular involvement. Variable penetrance and expressivity results in a wide phenotypic spectrum, challenging diagnostic accuracy of advanced multimodality imaging tools. Prompt recognition, non-invasive imaging, risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD), and preventive measures are paramount to improve prognosis.

Case summary
Here, we present a 22-year-old Black male who was referred to our electrophysiology clinic with palpitations, remote syncope, and a family history of SCD. Over 3 years, he developed gradually worsening symptomatic palpitations. While physical exam and transthoracic echocardiography were unremarkable, his cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with biventricular ACM. Genetic testing confirmed ACM, revealing double heterozygosity in DSG2 and PKP2. Given the elevated estimated risk of life-threatening dysrhythmias, a subcutaneous cardiac defibrillator was successfully implanted.

Discussion
Frequently, patients with ACM have more than one mutation in the same gene (compound heterozygosity) or in a second gene (double heterozygosity). Genetic counselling is strongly recommended for family members of the proband. The diagnosis of ACM may be mimicked by other diseases (cardiac sarcoidosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis), thus genetic testing can be useful to determine the presence of the disease. The present report provides an overview of the clinical course, diagnostic criteria, risk stratification, and prognostication for patients with ACM.
Transcriptomic Response to Pyrethroid Treatment in Closely Related Bed Bug Strains Varying in Resistance
Authors: Haberkorn Chloé , Belgaïdi Zaïnab , Lasseur Romain , Vavre Fabrice , Varaldi Julien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is one of the main human parasites. The world-wide resurgence of this pest is mainly due to globalization, and the spread of insecticide resistance. A few studies have compared the transcriptomes of susceptible and resistant strains; however, these studies usually relied on strains originating from distant locations, possibly explaining their extended candidate gene lists. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of 2 strains originating from the same location and showing low overall genetic differentiation (FST=0.018) but varying in their susceptibility to pyrethroids, before and after insecticide exposure. In sharp contrast with previous studies, only 24 genes showing constitutive differential expression between the strains were identified. Interestingly, most of the genes with increased expression in the resistant strain encoded cuticular proteins. However, those changes were not associated with significant difference in cuticular thickness, suggesting that they might be involved in qualitative changes in the cuticle. In contrast, insecticide exposure induced the expression of a multitude of genes, mostly involved in detoxification. Finally, our set of transcriptome candidate loci showed little overlap with a set of loci strongly genetically differentiated in a previous study using the same strains. Several hypothesis explaining this discrepancy are discussed.
A Preliminary Analysis of Stress Burden and Cognitive Function and Clinically Adjudicated Cognitive Outcomes in Black American Adults
Authors: Troxel Wendy M , Dubowitz Tamara , Haas Ann , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Butters Meryl A , Gary-Webb Tiffany L , Weinstein Andrea M , Ibeanu Ada , Wagner La’Vette , Gildengers Ariel , Rosso Andrea L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The combination of exposure to multiple stressors and psychological distress may contribute to the disproportionate burden of dementia risk among Black Americans. This study estimates the effect of an index of stress and psychological distress (ie, “stress burden”) on cognitive function and clinically adjudicated cognitive outcomes among older Black American adults, and examines sleep as a mediator.

Methods
The sample included 204 Black adults (79% female; mean age = 64 years) from Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Stress burden comprised 3 self-reported stress and distress measures assessed in 2016: discrimination, psychological distress, and posttraumatic stress. Potential mediators included actigraphy-assessed sleep duration and efficiency from 2018. Cognitive battery and clinical adjudication in 2019 assessed cognitive function and clinically adjudicated outcomes. Causal mediation analysis estimated the direct effect between stress burden and cognitive outcomes, and indirect effects through sleep, after adjusting for sociodemographics and hypertension.

Results
Higher stress burden had a significant direct effect on lower executive functioning and visuospatial performance. However, there were no significant indirect effects (ie, mediation) by sleep disturbances on any domain of cognitive function assessed. Also, there were no significant direct or indirect effects on clinically adjudicated outcomes.

Conclusions
Multiple stressors often co-occur and may contribute to racial disparities in cognitive health. Findings suggest that higher stress burden had negative effects on functioning in executive and visuospatial domains in this community-based sample of older Black American adults. However, there was no evidence of mediation by sleep. Findings highlight the importance of continued work to identify modifiable pathways between stress burden and cognitive health disparities.
A comprehensive optimization method for considering the theoretical and practical machining errors to the accurate power skiving of spur face gears by optimizing both cutting edges and tool path
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Tang Zhongwei , Zhou Yuansheng , Zeng Biao , Tang Jinyuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Power skiving is an efficient manufacturing way that has been well applied to spur gears. By considering the conjugation between the face gear and spur gear of a pair of face gear drive, the power skiving of face gears has also been drawn much attention. However, it is still very challenging to achieve the accurate machining due to its complex error sources coupling from both theoretical and practical aspects, and they have not been considered in a systematic way in the existing methods to stably ensure the machining accuracy. To solve this problem, this work proposes a comprehensive optimization model to the accurate power skiving of spur face gears. In the first stage, the theoretical machining errors are minimized by optimizing the parameters of both the cutting edges and tool path. In the second stage, the practical power skiving is implemented with a closed-loop manufacturing process, of which the machining errors are obtained from measurements and further compensated by optimizing the tool path in the next machining till it is acceptable. Three cases are given and discussed, and the results show the priority and validity of the proposed method.
High cost of chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Takahashi Nobutaka , Seki Toshiyuki , Sasaki Keita , Machida Ryunosuke , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Yunokawa Mayu , Matsuoka Ayumu , Kagabu Masahiro , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Hiranuma Kengo , Ohnishi Junki , Sato Toyomi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of gynecological malignancies has improved with the recent advent of molecularly targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, these drugs are expensive and contribute to the increasing costs of medical care.

Methods
The Japanese Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Health Economics Committee conducted a questionnaire survey of JCOG-affiliated facilities from July 2021 to June 2022 to assess the prevalence of high-cost regimens.

Results
A total of 57 affiliated facilities were surveyed regarding standard regimens for advanced ovarian and cervical cancers for gynecological malignancies. Responses were obtained from 39 facilities (68.4%) regarding ovarian cancer and 37 (64.9%) concerning cervical cancer, with respective case counts of 854 and 163. For ovarian cancer, 505 of 854 patients (59.1%) were treated with regimens that included PARP inhibitors, costing &gt;500 000 Japanese yen monthly, while 111 patients (13.0%) received treatments that included bevacizumab, with costs exceeding 200 000 Japanese yen monthly. These costs are ~20 and ~10 times higher than those of the conventional regimens, respectively. For cervical cancer, 79 patients (48.4%) were treated with bevacizumab regimens costing &gt;200 000 Japanese yen per month, ~10 times the cost of conventional treatments.

Conclusions
In this survey, &gt;70% of patients with ovarian cancer were treated with regimens that included poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or bevacizumab; ~50% of patients with cervical cancer were treated with regimens containing bevacizumab. These treatments were ~10 and ~20 times more expensive than conventional regimens, respectively. These findings can inform future health economics studies, particularly in assessing cost-effectiveness and related matters.
Glioma-related epilepsy following low-grade glioma surgery
Authors: Youshani Amir Saam , Heal Calvin , Lee Jing X , Younis Michael , Mohanraj Rajiv , Maye Helen , Bailey Matthew , Coope David , D’Urso Pietro I , Karabatsou Konstantina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Epileptic seizures commonly burden low-grade glioma (LGG) patients and negatively impact quality of life, neurocognition, and general patient health. Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are used to manage seizures but can result in undesired side effects. Our aim was to report our experience in epilepsy in one of the largest case series of LGG patients (reclassified in accordance with the WHO 2021 classification). Furthermore, we evaluate our postoperative seizure frequency difference between LGG patients who use preoperative ASMs and ones with no ASMs.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected from Salford Royal Hospital electronic records and Neuro-Oncology database from 2006 to 2022. Descriptive statistics were performed for demographic analysis, while multivariable analysis was used to determine postoperative seizure-free outcomes.

Results
In total, 257 operations were performed on 206 patients. Postoperatively, 114 patients suffered from seizures, and approximately 45.2% of patients developed seizures at 3–12 months postsurgery, with the odds higher in patients on preoperative ASMs. There was no evidence to suggest a higher postoperative seizure rate in patients undergoing awake craniotomy versus general anesthetic. The extent of resection (EOR) was inversely related to seizure failure, with gross-total resection showing a statistically significant reduction in seizures in comparison to all other surgical resections.

Conclusions
In our experience, there is no evidence to suggest a reduced postoperative seizure outcome when prescribing preoperative ASMs. EOR is an independent prognosticator for postoperative seizure failure with all other variables demonstrating nonsignificance. Overall, a larger study can investigate the role of ASMs in LGG in greater detail.
Fast selective edge-enhanced imaging with topological chiral lamellar superstructures
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhu Dong , Liu Si-Jia , Zhang Yi-Heng , Zhu Lin , Li Chao-Yi , Ge Shi-Jun , Chen Peng , Zhang Wan-Long , Yuan Xiao-Cong , Lu Yan-Qing 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Edge detection is a fundamental operation for feature extraction in image processing. The all-optical method has aroused growing interest owing to its ultra-fast speed, low energy consumption and parallel computation. However, current optical edge detection methods are generally limited to static devices and fixed functionality. Herein, we propose a fast-switchable scheme based on a ferroelectric liquid crystal topological structure. The self-assembled chiral lamellar superstructure, directed by the azimuthally variant photo-alignment agent, can be dynamically controlled by the polarity of the external electric field and respectively generates the vector beams with nearly orthogonal polarization distribution. Even after thousands of cycles, the horizontal and vertical edges of the object are selectively enhanced with an ultra-fast switching time of ∼57 μs. Broadband edge-enhanced imaging is efficiently demonstrated. This work extends the ingenious building of topological heliconical superstructures and offers an important glimpse into their potential in the emerging frontiers of optical computing for artificial intelligence.
Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut–Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies
Authors: Robinson Stephen R , Greenway Frank L , Deth Richard C , Fayet-Moore Flavia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The gut and brain communicate through bidirectional neural, endocrine, and immune signals to coordinate central nervous system activity with gastrointestinal function. Dysregulated inflammation can promote immune cell activation and increase entero-endocrine signaling and intestinal permeability; hence, a functional gut–brain axis is necessary for a healthy digestive system. The consumption of milk products can lead to gut discomfort via effects on gastrointestinal tract function and the inflammatory state, which, in turn, affect the brain. A1 β-casein and A2 β-casein are major components of bovine-milk protein, and their digestion may result in different physiological effects following the consumption of milk products. Peptides derived from A1 β-casein, such as β-casomorphins, may increase gut dysfunction and inflammation, thereby modulating the availability of bioactive metabolites in the bloodstream and contribute to changes in cognitive function. This narrative review examines the functional interrelationships between the consumption of cow-milk–derived β-caseins and their effect on the brain, immune system, and the gut, which together comprise the gut–brain axis.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cytomegalovirus Among Men Having Sex With Men Enrolled in a Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Study
Authors: Chawki Sylvain , Leturque Nicolas , Minier Marine , Gabassi Audrey , Foubert Valérie , Charreau Isabelle , Cua Eric , Pialoux Gilles , Meyer Laurence , Molina Jean-Michel , Delaugerre Constance 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) acquisition in men having sex with men remain unclear. Seroprevalence, incidence, risk factors and shedding of CMV were analyzed among participants enrolled in the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis IPERGAY-ANRS trial. Among the 417 participants tested, 382 were seropositive at baseline (prevalence of 91.6%; 95%CI[88.5–94.1]) and 10/35 seroconverted during the study (incidence of 17.1 per 100 person-years; 95%CI[8.2–31.3]). A high number of sexual partners was independently associated with CMV seroprevalence. Shedding among CMV-seroconverters was reported for 6/9 and 2/9 at the oral and anal levels, respectively. Our data supports transmission of CMV during sexual contacts.

Study part of the ANRS-IPERGAY Clinical trial
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01473472.
Retreatment and Anti-tuberculosis Therapy Outcomes in Brazil Between 2015 and 2022: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Villalva-Serra Klauss , Miguez-Pinto João P , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Campos Vanessa M S , Rosier Gabriela , Nogueira Betânia M F , Queiroz Artur T L , Rolla Valeria C , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afrânio L , Martinez Leonardo , Rebeiro Peter F , Sterling Timothy R , Rodrigues Moreno M , Andrade Bruno B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in Brazil remains a challenge in achieving the goals set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients who are lost to follow-up during treatment pose a significant public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with unfavorable ATT outcomes among those undergoing retreatment in Brazil.

Methods
We conducted an observational study of patients aged ≥18 years with tuberculosis (TB) reported to the Brazilian National Notifiable Disease Information System between 2015 and 2022. Clinical and epidemiologic variables were compared between the study groups (new cases and retreatment). Regression models identified variables associated with unfavorable outcomes.

Results
Among 743 823 reported TB cases in the study period, 555 632 cases were eligible, consisting of 462 061 new cases and 93 571 undergoing retreatments (44 642 recurrent and 48 929 retreatments after loss to follow-up [RLTFU]). RLTFU (odds ratio [OR], 3.96 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.83–4.1]) was a significant risk factor for any type of unfavorable ATT. Furthermore, RLTFU (OR, 4.93 [95% CI, 4.76–5.11]) was the main risk factor for subsequent LTFU. For death, aside from advanced age, living with HIV (OR, 6.28 [95% CI, 6.03–6.54]) was the top risk factor.

Conclusions
Retreatment is a substantial risk factor for unfavorable ATT outcomes, especially after LTFU. The rates of treatment success in RLTFU are distant from the WHO End TB Strategy targets throughout Brazil. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve treatment adherence and outcomes in persons who experience RLTFU.
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Incidence, STI Screening, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Preexposure Prophylaxis Uptake in United States Veterans With Opioid Use Disorder in Long Island, New York
Authors: Srivastava Pronoma , Modi Viraj , Lier Audun J 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) confers increased risk of contracting bloodborne and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Limited data exist on infectious disease screening and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) usage among United States Veterans (USVs) with OUD, including persons who inject drugs (PWID). This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), bacterial STIs, and PrEP uptake in USVs with OUD, including PWID.MethodsA retrospective chart review of USVs with OUD seeking care at Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 2012 and 2022 was completed. Sociodemographics, HIV, HCV, STI testing rates and diagnosis, and PrEP uptake were compared between USVs, stratified by injection drug use history.ResultsWe identified 502 USVs with OUD; 43% had a history of injection drug use. Overall, 2.2% of USVs had HIV and 28.7% had HCV. An STI was diagnosed in 10% of USVs, most frequently syphilis (1.8%). PWID were more likely to be tested for HIV (93.5% PWID vs. 73.1% non-PWID; P &lt; .001), HCV (95.8% PWID vs. 80.8% non-PWID; P &lt; .001), and syphilis (80% PWID vs. 69.2% non-PWID; P = .006). Total gonorrhea and chlamydia testing rates were 31.9% and 33.7%, respectively, without difference between the groups. PrEP was prescribed in 1.2% of USVs.ConclusionsIn USVs with OUD, gonorrhea and chlamydia screening occurred less frequently than syphilis, HCV, and HIV. PWID were more likely to be screened for HIV, HCV, and syphilis. PrEP uptake was low. Both PWID and non-PWID may benefit from increased STI screening and linkage to PrEP.
Figuring It Out Together
Authors: Hicks Lance 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
I realized two years ago there was no such thing as mental healthcare for someone like me. It was 7 am, and I was standing alone in the ice-glazed parking lot behind glowing red emergency room doors. I don’t remember if I was crying, but I doubt it. Really, I doubt if I was breathing either. Sunrise was still thirty minutes away, and I had no idea where I was.