bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Tunnel Experiment for Predicting a Visible Plume Region from a Nuclear Power Plant Cooling Tower
Authors: Guo Dong-Peng , Yao Ren-Tai , Fan Dan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of the cooling tower of a nuclear power plant on the flow and the characteristics of visible plume regions. The relevant characteristics of the flow field near the cooling tower, such as the plume rise and the visible plume region, are compared with the results of previous experimental data from Électricité de France (EDF) and the Briggs formulas. The results show that the wind tunnel experiment can simulate the top backflow of the cooling tower and the rear cavity regions among others. In the near-wake region, including the recirculation cavity, mean velocity decreases and turbulence intensity increases significantly. The maximum turbulence intensity observed is 0.5. In addition, the disturbed flow extent of the cooling tower top reaches 1.5 times the cooling tower height. Analysis of the visible plume region shows that the wind tunnel experiment can simulate the variation of a visible plume region. The results are consistent with the wind tunnel experiment of EDF. Moreover, the plume rise analysis shows that the wind tunnel experiment data are in agreement with the Briggs formulas for 50–200 m. As a whole, the proposed wind tunnel experiment can simulate the flow field variation of the visible plume region and the plume rise around the buildings with reasonable accuracy.
Seasonal Influence of Insolation on Fine-Resolved Air Temperature Variation and Snowmelt
Authors: Vercauteren Nikki , Lyon Steve W. , Destouni Georgia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study uses GIS-based modeling of incoming solar radiation to quantify fine-resolved spatiotemporal responses of year-round monthly average temperature within a field study area located on the eastern coast of Sweden. A network of temperature sensors measures surface and near-surface air temperatures during a year from June 2011 to June 2012. Strong relationships between solar radiation and temperature exhibited during the growing season (supporting previous work) break down in snow cover and snowmelt periods. Surface temperature measurements are here used to estimate snow cover duration, relating the timing of snowmelt to low performance of an existing linear model developed for the investigated site. This study demonstrates that linearity between insolation and temperature 1) may only be valid for solar radiation levels above a certain threshold and 2) is affected by the consumption of incoming radiation during snowmelt.
Wave Breaking Dissipation in a Young Wind Sea
Authors: Schwendeman Michael , Thomson Jim , Gemmrich Johannes R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Coupled in situ and remote sensing measurements of young, strongly forced wind waves are applied to assess the role of breaking in an evolving wave field. In situ measurements of turbulent energy dissipation from wave-following Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) drifters and a tethered acoustic Doppler sonar system are consistent with wave evolution and wind input (as estimated using the radiative transfer equation). The Phillips breaking crest distribution Λ(c) is calculated using stabilized shipboard video recordings and the Fourier-based method of Thomson and Jessup, with minor modifications. The resulting Λ(c) are unimodal distributions centered around half of the phase speed of the dominant waves, consistent with several recent studies. Breaking rates from Λ(c) increase with slope, similar to in situ dissipation. However, comparison of the breaking rate estimates from the shipboard video recordings with the SWIFT video recordings show that the breaking rate is likely underestimated in the shipboard video when wave conditions are calmer and breaking crests are small. The breaking strength parameter b is calculated by comparison of the fifth moment of Λ(c) with the measured dissipation rates. Neglecting recordings with inconsistent breaking rates, the resulting b data do not display any clear trends and are in the range of other reported values. The Λ(c) distributions are compared with the Phillips equilibrium range prediction and previous laboratory and field studies, leading to the identification of several inconsistencies.
The Ocean General Circulation near 1000-m Depth
Authors: Ollitrault Michel , Colin de Verdière Alain 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The mean ocean circulation near 1000-m depth is estimated with 100-km resolution from the Argo float displacements collected before 1 January 2010. After a thorough validation, the 400 000 or so displacements found in the 950–1150 dbar layer and with parking times between 4 and 17 days allow the currents to be mapped at intermediate depths with unprecedented details. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the most prominent feature, but western boundary currents (and their recirculations) and alternating zonal jets in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific are also well defined. Eddy kinetic energy (EKE) gives the mesoscale variability (on the order of 10 cm2 s−2 in the interior), which is compared to the surface geostrophic altimetric EKE showing e-folding depths greater than 700 m in the ACC and northern subpolar regions. Assuming planetary geostrophy, the geopotential height of the 1000-dbar isobar is estimated to obtain an absolute and deep reference level worldwide. This is done by solving numerically the Poisson equation that results from taking the divergence of the geostrophic equations on the sphere, assuming Neumann boundary conditions.
The Role of Satellite Data in the Forecasting of Hurricane Sandy
Authors: McNally Tony , Bonavita Massimo , Thépaut Jean-Noël 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The excellent forecasts made by ECMWF predicting the devastating landfall of Hurricane Sandy attracted a great deal of publicity and praise in the immediate aftermath of the event. The almost unprecedented and sudden “left hook” of the storm toward the coast of New Jersey was attributed to interactions with the large-scale atmospheric flow. This led to speculation that satellite observations may play an important role in the successful forecasting of this event. To investigate the role of satellite data a number of experiments have been performed at ECMWF where different satellite observations are deliberately withheld and forecasts of the hurricane rerun. Without observations from geostationary satellites the correct landfall of the storm is still reasonably well predicted albeit with a slight timing shift compared to the control forecast. On the other hand, without polar-orbiting satellites (which represent 90% of the volume of currently ingested observations) the ECMWF system would have given no useful guidance 4–5 days ahead that the storm would make landfall on the New Jersey coast. Instead the hurricane is predicted to stay well offshore in the Atlantic and hit the Maine coast 24 h later. If background errors estimated from the ECMWF Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) are allowed to evolve and adapt to the depleted observing system, then some of the performance loss suffered by withholding polar satellite data can be recovered. The use of the appropriate EDA errors results in a more enhanced use of geostationary satellite observations, which partly compensates for the loss of polar satellite data.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis below the tracheal carina
Authors: Dajer-Fadel Walid L , Ibarra-Pérez Carlos , Sánchez-Velázquez Luis D , Borrego-Borrego Rafael , Navarro-Reynoso Francisco P , Argüero-Sánchez Rubén 
Published: October 2013

Background Descending necrotizing mediastinitis is a dreadful disease with a high mortality rate, particularly when below the tracheal carina. This study describes the epidemiologic, clinical, and paraclinical features of patients treated for this condition. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective descriptive review of 60 patients with descending necrotizing mediastinitis below the tracheal carina, who were treated during a 7-year period, the largest study in the last 50 years. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic variables were analyzed. Results 43 (71.7%) patients were male. The mean age was 41.2 ± 14.7 years. Mean hospital length of stay was 25.0 ± 19.8 days. Comorbidities were present in 46.7% of patients, diabetes mellitus being the most common. Odontogenic infections (45%) were the most frequent source of descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Cultures showed Gram-negative bacilli in 68.3%, Gram-positive cocci in 38.3%, and fungi in 6.7%. Mortality was 35% (21 patients); risk factors for mortality were age (>35 years), diabetes mellitus among other comorbidities, and associated complications. Conclusions In this low socioeconomic status patient population, descending necrotizing mediastinitis below the carina causes high morbidity and mortality, the latter particularly associated with age, complications, diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities.
Comparative in vitro study and biomechanical testing of two different magnesium alloys
Authors: Weizbauer Andreas , Modrejewski Christian , Behrens Sabine , Klein Helmut , Helmecke Patrick , Seitz Jan-Marten , Windhagen Henning , Möhwald Kai , Reifenrath Janin , Waizy Hazibullah 
Published: October 2013

In this in vitro study, magnesium plates of ZEK100 and MgCa0.8 alloy similar to common titanium alloy osteosynthesis plates were investigated as degradable biomedical materials with a focus on primary stability. Immersion tests were performed in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution at 37℃. The bending strength of the samples was determined using the four-point bending test according to ISO 9585:1990. The initial strength of the noncorroded ZEK100 plate was 11% greater than that of the MgCa0.8 plate; both were approximately 65% weaker than a titanium plate. The bending strength was determined after 48 and 96 h of immersion in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution; both magnesium alloys decreased by approximately 7% after immersion for 96 h. The degradation rate and the Mg2+ release of ZEK100 were lower than those of MgCa0.8. Strong pitting and filiform corrosion were observed in the MgCa0.8 samples after 96 h of immersion. The surface of the ZEK100 plates exhibited only small areas of filiform corrosion. The results of this in vitro study indicate that the ZEK100 alloy may be more suitable for biomedical applications.
Coercion in a locked psychiatric ward
Authors: Larsen Inger B , Terkelsen Toril B 
Published: October 2013

Background: In spite of a national strategy for reducing coercion in the mental health services, Norway still has a high rate of involuntary treatment compared to other European countries. It is therefore crucial to study various parties involved in involuntary treatment in order to reduce coercion. Research question: How do patients and staff in a Norwegian locked psychiatric ward experience coercion? Research design: Participant observation and interviews. Participants: A total of 12 patients and 22 employees participated in this study. Ethical considerations: This study is accepted by the National Committee for Medical Health Research Ethics. Findings: The participants experienced coercion in different ways. Patients often felt inferior, while many of the staff felt guilty for violating patients’ dignity, although they ascribed responsibility for their actions to the “system.” The main themes are (1) corrections and house rules, (2) coercion is perceived as necessary, (3) the significance of material surroundings, and (4) being treated as a human being. Discussion: The discussion draws upon the concepts of vulnerability, guilty conscience, and ethical sensitivity, related to the staffs’ divergent views on coercion. Conclusion: Especially among staff, there are divergent views of coercion. Professionals being physically and emotionally close to the patient are more likely to understand him or her as a unique person with individual needs. If patients are kept at a distance, professionals as a group change to understand patients as members of a group with common needs and common restrictions.
Training Social Work Graduate Students in the Evidence-Based Practice Process
Authors: Bender Kimberly , Altschul Inna , Yoder Jamie , Parrish Danielle , Nickels Sarah J. 
Published: October 2013

Objective: This study tested the effects of integrating evidence-based practice (EBP) process material into a research curriculum for master of social work (MSW) students. Methods: A quasi-experimental design ( N = 152) was used across 12 sections of a required program evaluation course, with half integrating EBP process material and half using the traditional curriculum. A version of the Evidence-based Practice Process Assessment scale (EBPPAS) was administered at the beginning and end of the course. Analyses examined changes from pre- to posttest on EBPPAS subscales and assessed group differences. Results: At posttest, the EBP group had significantly higher ratings than the comparison group on the familiarity subscale. Both groups’ scores significantly increased at posttest on the familiarity with and engagement in the EBP process subscales. Conclusions: MSW students’ participation in a traditional program evaluation course is associated with increased EBP self-efficacy, and intentional introduction of EBP process material may further these outcomes.
Treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection with telaprevir: a Bayesian mixed treatment comparison of fixed-length and response-guided treatment regimens in treatment-naïve and –experienced patients
Authors: Goralczyk Armin D , Cameron Silke , Amanzada Ahmad 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Telaprevir (TVR) has been approved for response-guided-therapy (RGT) of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) genotype-1-infection in treatment-naïve and –experienced patients. In RGT-regimens patients that did not achieve extended rapid-virological-response (eRVR) within the first 4–12 weeks undergo treatment for 48-weeks, whereas in fixed-length-treatment (FLT) patients are treated for a fixed-duration regardless of their RVR.

Methods
This systematic review and Bayesian mixed-treatment-comparison (MTC) aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of standard-therapy with pegylated-interferon-α/ribavirin (Peg-IFN-α/RBV (48 weeks), group A), FLT with TVR, Peg-IFN-α/RBV for 12 weeks with a long (+36 weeks, group B) or short (+12 weeks, group C) tail of Peg-IFN-α/RBV treatment, and RGT with 12 weeks of TVR, Peg-IFN-α/RBV followed by 12 weeks of Peg-IFN-α/RBV (group D) or no therapy (group E).

Results
We identified seven randomized controlled trials including 3505 patients. Compared to standard-treatment (group A), treatment-naïve patients allocated to groups B, C, and D were significantly more likely to achieve sustained-virological-response (SVR, odds ratios (OR): B vs. A 3.5 (credibility interval [CrI] 2.2-5.4), C vs. A 3.0 (CrI 1.8-4.9), D vs. A 3.4 (CrI 2.5-4.6)). Treatment-experienced patients achieved increased SVR rates when they were treated in group B (OR: 8.2 (CrI 5.0-13.5)), C (OR 7.0 (CrI 3.9-12.8)), or simulated group D (OR 8.2 (CrI 4.3-15.3)). Patients treated with short RGT (simulated group E) did also have a significant improvement when they were treatment-experienced (simulated OR 3.6 (CrI 1.6-8.2)), whereas the effect was not significant in treatment-naïve patients (OR E vs. A 1.6 (CrI 0.9-2.7)).

Conclusion
Long FLT and RGT regimens are useful treatment options for HCV-genotype-1 in both treatment-naïve and -experienced patients. A short 24-weeks FLT regimen does not seem to be inferior and should further be evaluated in clinical trials to reduce side effects and costs of treatment.
Prognostic benefit of surgical management in renal cell carcinoma patients with thrombus extending to the renal vein and inferior vena cava: 17-year experience at a single center
Authors: Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hamano Itsuto , Murasawa Hiromi , Narita Takuma , Oikawa Masaaki , Hagiwara Kazuhisa , Noro Daisuke , Tanaka Toshikazu , Tanaka Yoshimi , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koie Takuya , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus extending to the renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) is challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of surgical management in such patients.

Methods
From February 1995 to February 2013, 520 patients were treated for RCC at Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan. The RCC patients with tumor thrombus extending to the renal vein (n = 42) and IVC (n = 43) were included in this study. The records of these 85 patients were retrospectively reviewed to assess the relevant clinical and pathological variables and survival. Prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis. The benefit of surgical management was evaluated using propensity score matching to compare overall survival between patients who received surgical management and those who did not.

Results
RCC was confirmed by pathological examination of surgical or biopsy specimens in 74 of the 85 patients (87%). Sixty-five patients (76%) received surgical management (radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy). Distant metastasis was identified in 45 patients (53%). The proportion of patients with tumor thrombus level 0 (renal vein only), I, II, III, and IV was 49%, 13%, 18%, 14%, and 5%, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival rate was 70% in patients with thrombus extending to the renal vein and 23% in patients with thrombus extending to the IVC. Multivariate analysis identified thrombus extending to the IVC, presence of distant metastasis, surgical management, serum albumin concentration, serum choline esterase concentration, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and Carlson comorbidity index as independent prognostic factors. In propensity score-matched patients, overall survival was significantly longer in those who received surgical management than those who did not.

Conclusions
Surgical management may improve the prognosis of RCC patients with thrombus extending to the renal vein and IVC.
Non-coding-regulatory regions of human brain genes delineated by bacterial artificial chromosome knock-in mice
Authors: Schmouth Jean-François , Castellarin Mauro , Laprise Stéphanie , Banks Kathleen G , Bonaguro Russell J , McInerny Simone C , Borretta Lisa , Amirabbasi Mahsa , Korecki Andrea J , Portales-Casamar Elodie , Wilson Gary , Dreolini Lisa , Jones Steven JM , Wasserman Wyeth W , Goldowitz Daniel , Holt Robert A , Simpson Elizabeth M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The next big challenge in human genetics is understanding the 98% of the genome that comprises non-coding DNA. Hidden in this DNA are sequences critical for gene regulation, and new experimental strategies are needed to understand the functional role of gene-regulation sequences in health and disease. In this study, we build upon our HuGX ('high-throughput human genes on the X chromosome’) strategy to expand our understanding of human gene regulation in vivo.

Results
In all, ten human genes known to express in therapeutically important brain regions were chosen for study. For eight of these genes, human bacterial artificial chromosome clones were identified, retrofitted with a reporter, knocked single-copy into the Hprt locus in mouse embryonic stem cells, and mouse strains derived. Five of these human genes expressed in mouse, and all expressed in the adult brain region for which they were chosen. This defined the boundaries of the genomic DNA sufficient for brain expression, and refined our knowledge regarding the complexity of gene regulation. We also characterized for the first time the expression of human MAOA and NR2F2, two genes for which the mouse homologs have been extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS), and AMOTL1 and NOV, for which roles in CNS have been unclear.

Conclusions
We have demonstrated the use of the HuGX strategy to functionally delineate non-coding-regulatory regions of therapeutically important human brain genes. Our results also show that a careful investigation, using publicly available resources and bioinformatics, can lead to accurate predictions of gene expression.
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: histomorphological and immunohistochemical features
Authors: Akdur Noyan Can , Donmez Melahat , Gozel Serap , Ustun Huseyin , Hucumenoglu Sema 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign intravascular process with features mimicking other benign and malignant vascular proliferations. IPEH lesions predominate in the head-neck region and the extremities. The characteristic histomorphological feature of IPEH is a papillary structure covered with hyperplastic endothelial cells within the vascular lumen. It is critical that this clinically benign lesion should not be mistaken for well-differentiated vascular tumors. In addition to the characteristic histological features, other useful diagnostic features included the intra-luminal location of the lesion, an intimate association with the organizing thrombus, the absence of necrosis, cellular pleomorphism, and mitotic activity. In addition, immunohistochemistry may indicate the vascular origin and proliferative index. In this study, we evaluated histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings (CD31, CD34, FVIII, type IV collagen, SMA, MSA, CD105, and Ki-67 staining) of ten IPEH cases.

Methods
Ten IPEH cases were re-examined for a panel of histomorphological and immunohistochemical features. CD31, CD34, FVIII, Type IV collagen, SMA and MSA antibodies utilized for immunohistochemical analysis.
The histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings were evaluated by two independent pathologists using light microscopy.

Results
All ten cases involved intraluminal lesions with characteristic features of IPEH. All ten cases (100%) were stained positive for CD31 and CD34. The degree of staining with FVIII, type IV collagen, SMA, and MSA was variable.

Conclusion
In this series of specimens, CD31 and CD34 were the most sensitive markers indicating the vascular origin of the lesion. Staining for the other vascular markers (FVIII, type IV collagen, SMA and MSA) was variable. Different maturation degrees of lesions may account for the variation in immunohistochemical staining. Few previous investigations evaluated a wide range of antigen panels in IPEH sections. In our opinion, the evaluation of immune markers in a larger sample set will reveal new features in the maturity and developmental pathogenesis of vascular lesions and angiogenesis. IPEH is a benign lesion, which must be differentiated from malignant tumors such as angiosarcoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Improved definition of IPEH lesions using immunohistochemical markers may enhance the ability to differentiate between various vascular lesions.

Virtual slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1381849312101856.