bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐pot Solvent Free Synthesis of Some Tert‐indolylmethane Amine Derivatives by Fe(HSO4)3 as a Recyclable Catalyst
Authors: Rahimizadeh Mohammad , Eshghi Hossein , Mokaber‐Esfahani Majid , Gholizadeh Mostafa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSolvent‐free synthesis of 3‐substituted indole derivatives by a one‐pot three‐component coupling reaction between aldehyde, N‐alkyl aniline and indole by Fe(HSO4)3 catalyzed is described. The noticeable features of this protocol are the simplicity of the procedure, easy synthesized, recyclable and inexpensive catalyst, no organic solvent and high yields in relatively short reaction times.
Cubic Phase Formation from New Hexacatenar Metallomesogens Based on Cobalt 3,4,5‐Trialkoxybenzoate
Authors: Lin Chien‐Ho , Kao Hsien‐Chang , Sung Wen‐Te , Cheng Yao‐Wen , Wang Wen‐Jwu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCobalt complexes of Co(3Cn)2(MeOH)4, derived from 3,4,5‐trialkyloxybenzoate ligand (noted as 3Cn) with n = 10, 12, 14 and 16, were synthesized and characterized. The crystal of Co(1C12)2(MeOH)4 were determined by means of x‐ray single crystal analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group with a = 24.3271(19) Å, b = 14.0058(11) Å, c = 6.4612(4) Å, α = γ = 90o, β = 94.368(4)o, and Z = 2. The phase texture and mesogenic properties were detected by polarized optical microscopic and powder x‐ray diffraction technique. It was found that these compounds display the cubic phases. Differential scanning calorimetric data indicated that these compounds were nearly room temperature liquid crystalline and with a very wide mesogenic phase range.
Development of a Sensitive Methodology for the Analysis of Chlorobenzenes in Water Samples by Combination of Homogeneous Liquid‐liquid Microextraction via Flotation Assistance and Gas Chromatography‐flame Ionization Detection
Authors: Khalilian Faezeh , Rezaee Mohammad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, a simple, rapid and efficient method, homogeneous liquid‐liquid microextraction via flotation assistance (HLLME‐FA) combined with gas chromatography – flame ionization detection (GC‐FID), for the determination of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in water samples, has been described. In this research, a special extraction cell was designed to facilitate collection of the low‐density solvent extraction. No centrifugation was required in this procedure. The water sample solution was added into the extraction cell which contained an appropriate mixture of extraction and homogeneous solvents. By using air flotation, the organic solvent was collected at the conical part of the designed cell. Parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits, the precisions and the linearity of the method were found in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 µg L‐1, 5.7–9.3% (RSD, n =5) and 0.5–200 µg L‐1, respectively.
Initial Characterization of Osteoblast Differentiation and Loss of RUNX2 Stability in the Newly Established SK11 Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Cell Line
Authors: Yu Jia‐li , Adisetiyo Helty , Little Gillian H. , Vangsness C. Thomas , Jiang Jianjie , Sternberg Hal , West Michael D. , Frenkel Baruch 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe describe a novel model for investigation of genetically normal human osteoblasts in culture. SK11 is a clonal progenitor cell line derived from human embryonic stem cells. Initially selected based on the expression of chondrogenic markers when differentiated in micromass culture, SK11 cells display typical mRNA expression patterns of bone phenotypic genes under osteogenic conditions. These include osterix, α1(I) collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Similar to well‐characterized murine osteoblast cultures, the osteoblast master regulator RUNX2 was present during the first few days after plating, but the protein disappeared during the first week of culture. Loss of RUNX2 expression is considered an important regulatory feature for osteoblast maturation. Indeed, following ∼2 weeks of differentiation, SK11 cultures exhibited robust calcium deposition, evidenced by alizarin red staining. We also introduced a lentiviral vector encoding doxycycline (dox)‐inducible FLAG‐tagged RUNX2 into SK11 cells. Dox‐mediated enhancement of RUNX2 expression resulted in accelerated mineralization, which was further increased by co‐treatment with BMP‐2. Like the endogenous RUNX2, expression of the virally coded FLAG‐RUNX2 was lost during the first week of culture despite persistent dox treatment. By following RUNX2 decay after dox withdrawal from day‐5 versus day‐3 cultures, we demonstrated a developmentally regulated decrease in RUNX2 stability. Availability of culture models for molecular investigation of genetically normal human osteoblasts is important because differences between murine and human osteoblasts, demonstrated here by the regulation of matrix Gla Protein, may have significant biomedical implications. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 237–241, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of Mast Cell Proliferative and Inflammatory Responses by Leukotriene D4 and Stem Cell Factor Signaling Interactions
Authors: Al‐Azzam Nosayba , Kondeti Vinay , Duah Ernest , Gombedza Farai , Thodeti Charles K. , Paruchuri Sailaja 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMast cells (MCs) are important effector cells in asthma and pulmonary inflammation, and their proliferation and maturation is maintained by stem cell factor (SCF) via its receptor, c‐Kit. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys‐LTs) are potent inflammatory mediators that signal through CysLT1R and CysLT2R located on the MC surface, and they enhance MC inflammatory responses. However, it is not known if SCF and cys‐LTs cross‐talk and influence MC hyperplasia and activation in inflammation. Here, we report the concerted effort of the growth factor SCF and the inflammatory mediator LTD4 in MC activation. Stimulation of MCs by LTD4 in the presence of SCF enhances c‐Kit‐mediated proliferative responses. Similarly, SCF synergistically enhances LTD4‐induced calcium, c‐fos expression and phosphorylation, as well as MIP1β generation in MCs. These findings suggest that integration of SCF and LTD4 signals may contribute to MC hyperplasia and hyper‐reactivity during airway hyper‐response and inflammation. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 595–602, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
Strategies for High Quality Injection Moulding of Polymer Nanopillars
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus H. , Xu Qian , Stormonth‐Darling John M. , Gadegaard Nikolaj 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInjection moulding is a proven technology for high‐throughput production of nanostructures, but replication of raised structures is a considerable challenge, due to the complexities of cavity filling. We have developed a platform to systematically study the effects of nanostructures with aspect ratios up to 1.2:1. A master template containing nanostructures with a continuous variation in height is produced by a novel fabrication approach using a plasma polymerized hexane layer, deposited with a thickness gradient, as a sacrificial etch mask. Results show that a careful choice of process parameters can control the stretching of nanopillar replica dimensions, allowing a variety of final pattern heights using a single master.
Stable Cross‐linked Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cell Imaging
Authors: Li Haiyin , Zhang Xiqi , Zhang Xiaoyong , Yang Bin , Yang Yang , Wei Yen 
Published: August 2014

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) dye‐based cross‐linked fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNs) are facilely prepared via a two‐step polymerization process including emulsion polymerization and subsequent anhydride cross‐linking. Then, a variety of characterization methods are carried out to determine the performance of the FPNs, which show high dispersibility and strong fluorescence in an aqueous solution due to the hydrophilic carboxyl groups on the surfaces and the AIE components as the cores. Biocompatibility evaluation and cell imaging results suggest that these FPNs are biocompatible for cell imaging. More importantly, this cross‐linking strategy is proven to overcome the issue of critical micelle concentration and opens the opportunity to develop more robust fluorescent bioprobes.
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Supramolecular Adhesives to Hard Surfaces: Adhesion Between Host Hydrogels and Guest Glass Substrates Through Molecular Recognition
Authors: Takashima Yoshinori , Sahara Taiga , Sekine Tomoko , Kakuta Takahiro , Nakahata Masaki , Otsubo Miyuki , Kobayashi Yuichiro , Harada Akira 
Published: August 2014

Supramolecular materials based on host–guest interactions should exhibit high selectivity and external stimuli‐responsiveness. Among various stimuli, redox and photo stimuli are useful for its wide application. An external stimuli‐responsive adhesive system between CD host‐gels (CD gels) and guest molecules modified glass substrates (guest Sub) is focused. Here, the selective adhesion between host gels and guest substrates where adhesion depends on molecular complementarity is reported. Initially, it is thought that adhesion of a gel material onto a hard material might be difficult unless many guest molecules modified linear polymers immobilize on the surface of hard materials. However, reversible adhesion of the CD gels is observed by dissociating and re‐forming inclusion complex in response to redox and photo stimuli.
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Magnetic resonance imaging striatal volumes: A biomarker for clinical trials in Huntington's disease
Authors: Aylward Elizabeth H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn abundance of research shows that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) striatal volumes decrease long before diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD) and closely track disease progression. Additional research indicates that these volumetric measures meet important criteria for a biomarker that can be used in clinical trials: They are 1) objectively measureable; 2) able to predict known endpoints; and 3) associated with known mechanisms of pathology of the disease. Researchers should consider formal application to regulatory agencies for biomarker status of volumetric MRI striatal measures, because these measures are anticipated to contribute significantly in the assessment of treatment effectiveness in HD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Huntingtin‐lowering strategies in Huntington's disease: Antisense oligonucleotides, small RNAs, and gene editing
Authors: Aronin Neil , DiFiglia Marian 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe idea to lower mutant huntingtin is especially appealing in Huntington's disease (HD). It is autosomal dominant, so that expression of the mutant allele causes the disease. Advances in RNA and gene regulation provide foundations for the huntingtin gene (both normal and mutant alleles) and possibly the mutant allele only. There is much preclinical animal work to support the concept of gene and RNA silencing, but, to date, no clinical studies have been attempted in HD. Preventing expression of mutant huntingtin protein is at the cusp for a human trial. Antisense oligonucleotides delivered to patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been well tolerated; small RNAs administered to rodent and nonhuman primate brain knocked down huntingtin messenger RNA (mRNA); short‐hairpin complementary DNA of microRNAs can be expressed in adeno‐associated virus to provide long‐term silencing of huntingtin mRNA and protein. We expect that these approaches will be ready for clinical studies in the near future, once safety has been validated. Our understanding of gene editing—changing the huntingtin gene itself—is rapidly progressing. Harnessing our knowledge of transcription and translation should push scientific creativity to new and exciting advances that overcome the lethality of the mutant gene in HD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Biomonitoring of ochratoxin A in blood plasma and exposure assessment of adult students in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Blaszkewicz Meinolf , Manirujjaman M. , Perveen Rasheda , Nahid Abdullah Al , Mahmood Shakil , Rahman Mustafizur , Hossain Khaled , Degen Gisela H. 
Published: August 2014

ScopeOchratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin known for its nephrotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic effects in animals, deserves attention due to its widespread occurrence as food and feed contaminant. Studies in many countries report the presence of OTA in human blood plasma or serum at variable levels. However, no biomonitoring study has been carried out in so far, and also food analysis data are insufficient to assess OTA exposure.Methods and resultsTherefore, 64 blood samples were collected from healthy university students (32 female, 32 male) in Bangladesh for biomarker analysis. OTA and its metabolite ochratoxin alpha were determined in the plasma samples by a validated method using HPLC‐fluorescence analysis. After liquid–liquid extraction, OTA was detected in all plasma samples (100%) at a range of 0.20–6.63 ng/mL and ochratoxin alpha was detected in 95% of the samples at 0.10–0.79 ng/mL. The OTA mean level in plasma of males (0.92 ± 1.09 ng/mL) and females (0.78 ± 1.02) were not significantly different. Statistical analysis of food consumption data for the participants, provided in a food frequency questionnaire, did not reveal a significant association between OTA level in plasma and their intake of typical staple foods (rice, wheat, maize, and lentil).ConclusionThe dietary intake of OTA (mean 11.7, max 91.7 ng/kg b.w./wk) calculated on the basis of plasma concentration in Bangladeshi students was lower than the tolerable weekly OTA intake (120 ng/kg b.w./wk) set by EFSA. Nonetheless, further biomonitoring is recommended in cohorts from other parts of the country that may have higher mycotoxin exposure than the present group.
Compact band‐stop filters using π‐Shape DGS and π‐shape DMS
Authors: La Dong‐Sheng , Han Wei‐Hong , Zhang Jin‐Ling 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTCompact
‐shape defected ground structure (DGS) and
‐shape defected microstrip structure (DMS) are proposed. Their resonant characteristics are analyzed using HFSS 12. Two band‐stop filters based on
‐shape DGS and
‐shape DMS are presented. One filter is composed of
‐shape DMS. Another filter is composed of
‐shape DMS and
‐shape DGS. The resonant characteristics of the filters can be changed by changing the structure parameters, especially the length a. Using
‐shape DGS, the performance of the band‐stop filter is improved and the area of the filter remains the same. Both two proposed band‐stop filters have two transmission zeros at each edge of the stop‐band. Finally, two band‐stop filters are fabricated and measured. The simulated results are basically consistent with the measured ones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2504–2507, 2014
A design of compact wideband negative group delay network using cross coupling
Authors: Chaudhary Girdhari , Jeong Yongchae 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel approach to the design of a compact wideband negative group delay (NGD) network using cross coupling between open stubs. The NGD time can be controlled by external series resistors, whereas the NGD bandwidth can be controlled by the coupling coefficient between open stubs. To verify the design concept, the NGD network operating at center frequency of 1.96 GHz was designed and fabricated. From the measurement results, a maximum achievable NGD time of −1.1 ± 0.2 ns was obtained over a 410 MHz BW with a maximum signal attenuation of 29.23 dB. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2495–2497, 2014
Second‐order reflective‐type, absorptive notch filter with lumped elements
Authors: Bulja Senad , Rulikowski Pawel , Grebennikov Andrei 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a design methodology and equations necessary for a second‐order absorptive, reflective‐type, transmission zero notch filter are introduced, derived, and described in detail. Initially, a single (first order), absorptive, reflective‐type transmission zero notch filter is described. Based on this, improvements to the first‐order reflective‐type notch filter are discussed and a novel circuit that achieves a second‐order absorptive, reflective‐type, transmission zero notch response is proposed. The necessary conditions for the achievement of the second‐order absorptive, reflective‐type, transmission zero from the proposed circuit are derived. As an experimental verification, first‐ and second‐order absorptive, reflective‐type, transmission zero circuits are fabricated and their performance measured. It is shown that the first‐order notch circuit introduces a zero into the response of a main filter with a depth of over 12 dB in the frequency range 2.19–2.27 GHz, while the second‐order notch circuit introduces a transmission zero with a depth of over 20 dB GHz, in the same frequency range as its first‐order counterpart. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2542–2545, 2014
Multiband (920 MHz/2.4 GHz/3.5 GHz/5 GHz) planar antenna on flexible substrate
Authors: Fujita Koji , Kanemoto Daisuke , Yoshitomi Kuniaki , Yoshida Keiji , Kanaya Haruichi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents the design of a multiband planar antenna on a flexible substrate for ISM (920 MHz/2.4 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5 GHz/3.5 GHz/5.8 GHz) operation. We use a J‐shaped ground connected with a stub and an L‐slot to obtain multiband resonances. The measured impedance bandwidths (S11 ≤ −6 dB) of the proposed antenna are 900–970 MHz, 1.45–3.70 GHz, and 4.76–7.00 GHz, and the antenna size is 90 × 18 × 0.254 mm3. As the antenna is fabricated on a flexible substrate, the antenna characteristic does not change even when the antenna is bent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2526–2530, 2014
High gain circularly polarized slot‐coupled antenna for millimeter wave applications
Authors: Elboushi Ayman , Haraz Osama , Sebak Abdel 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA high gain circularly polarized millimeter‐wave x‐slot antenna with surface mounted horn is presented. Substrate integrated waveguide technology is adopted to achieve low profile feeding structure to excite the x‐shaped slot backed by a circular cavity. As a gain enhancing technique, a surface mounted horn, made from a very thin copper sheet is placed over the x‐slot to achieve a realized gain more than 15 dB. The proposed design exhibits an experimental bandwidth of 1.05 GHz. A very good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results is achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2522–2526, 2014
Leaky‐wave plasma antenna with tunable radiation angle
Authors: Kallel Asma , Sokoloff Jérôme , Callegari Thierry 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA beam scanning leaky‐wave antenna working at a fixed operating frequency and based on plasma discharge is proposed. The investigation of leaky‐poles for the proposed geometry shows that, at a fixed frequency, the radiation angle scans from broadside toward endfire by varying the plasma density in a relevant range. Theoretical results demonstrate that, at 10 GHz, this antenna may produce a beam scanning from 1.6 to 74.7° by varying the plasma density from
to
. Measurement results of the plasma characteristics performed on a radiofrequency plasma source in our laboratory are also discussed. Their integration in full‐wave simulations confirms the excitation of leaky‐waves. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2601–2604, 2014
Band‐notched UWB antenna with raised cosine‐tapered ground plane
Authors: Malik Jagannath , Kartikeyan Machavaram V. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAn ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with band‐notched characteristic is presented. The novelty of the antenna is the tapered ground plane which enhances mode coupling to achieve wide impedance bandwidth. Proposed microstrip‐fed antenna consists of a circular patch with an etched slot for band‐notched property to reduce the effect caused by the frequency interference with already existing narrow band WLAN system. The antenna has a simple structure with overall dimension being (30 × 30 × 1.524) mm3 on FR‐4 substrate. With an extended operating band covering the target UWB spectrum (3.1–10.6 GHz), fairly good and consistent monopole like omnidirectional radiation patterns in H‐plane and linear transmission responses, the proposed antenna is well suited to be integrated within portable devices. The antenna is successfully fabricated and measured, showing broadband‐matched impedance and good time domain performance throughout the operating bandwidth. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2576–2579, 2014
A reconfigurable circular patch antenna with switchable slits for polarization diversity
Authors: Osman Mohamad N. , Rahim Mohamad K. A. , Hamid Mohamad R. , Yusoff Mohd F. M. , Majid Huda A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a novel circular patch antenna with polarization reconfigurability features. The antenna has a simple structure, which comprises of a radiating circular patch, embedded with two switches (PIN diode) and a pair of equal length slit on the top metal layer. By controlling the biased voltage of the PIN diodes, the polarization of the antenna can be reconfigured between three states; either linear polarization, right‐hand or left‐hand circular polarization. The details of the simulated and experimental results are presented and discussed. The proposed design has the potential application to improve channel reliability in a wireless communication system, especially in dealing with multipath‐rich and limited space environment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2587–2590, 2014
An X‐band eight‐subarray smart antenna system for direction of arrival estimation
Authors: Tseng Yau‐Hwa , Su Ing‐Jiunn , Hwang Ruey‐Bing 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAn X‐Band eight‐subarray smart antenna system has been developed in this article to demonstrate its capability of direction of arrival estimation for correlated arriving signals. The antenna array is composed of an eight‐subarray antenna and eight‐track of transceiver for quadrature baseband to RF up/down conversion. Multiple classification of signal (MUSIC) and modified MUSIC algorithm with spatial smoothing are used for high resolution angle of arrival (AoA) estimation. Measured results showed that the modified MUSIC algorithm with spatial smoothing is capable of estimating target AoA with average angle error of 1.14° when target arriving angles are varying from −30° to 30°. Accurate results of AoA estimation by simulation and measurement for stationary or dynamic targets has also been demonstrated to validate the feasibility of the proposed X‐Band smart antenna system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2582–2587, 2014
Ultrawideband antenna with notched band and added band using mushroom‐shaped resonators
Authors: Deng Jing‐Ya , Guo Li‐Xin , Fan Tian‐Qi , Zhao Hua 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA printed UWB antenna with a notched band and an added band using mushroom‐shaped self‐complementary resonators (MSCR) is presented. The original antenna is composed of a microstrip fed monopole and a ground with beveled edges producing wide bandwidth with VSWR lower than 2 from lower frequency limit 2.96 up to 12 GHz. To avoid the interference with WiMAX and C band satellite communication systems, a pair of MSCRs is embedded into the monopole to obtain a notched band 3.3–4.2 GHz. Then another pair of MSCRs with similar shape is inserted into the ground for the added 2.4–2.48 GHz band for WLAN applications. The antenna is simulated and measured; the results show that the proposed antenna can be used for both WLAN and UWB systems while the interference with WiMAX and C band satellite communications can be avoided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2622–2624, 2014