bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional emittance of dry and moist paper
Authors: Hyll Caroline , Vomhoff Hannes , Mattsson Lars 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The directional emittance of dry and moist paper and board samples was measured in two wavelength ranges; the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) range and the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) range. The influence of pulp type, pulp drying, pulp refining, fibre orientation, additives, coating, and observation angle on the emittance of dry paper was examined. The influence of sample moisture and observation angle on the emittance of moist samples was also investigated. The emittance in the LWIR range was higher than the MWIR emittance. The emittance varied with pulp type, especially for TMP, which had a significantly lower emittance compared to the samples made of chemical pulp. The impact of different properties, such as pulp type, refining or coating, was much smaller in the LWIR range than in the MWIR range. Observation angle was found to significantly impact the emittance at angles larger than 60° from the normal direction in the MWIR range, and angles larger than 70° in the LWIR range. The emittance increased with increasing moisture ratio. This increase was most pronounced at low absolute moisture ratios, where an addition of an already small amount of water could impart a large change in emittance. It was found that the emittance and sample moisture could be correlated well using a linear combination of the emittance of dry paper and pure water.
Molecular testing guidelines for lung adenocarcinoma: Utility of cell blocks and concordance between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histology samples
Authors: Heymann Jonas J. , Bulman William A. , Maxfield Roger A. , Powell Charles A. , Halmos Balazs , Sonett Joshua , Beaubier Nike T. , Crapanzano John P. , Mansukhani Mahesh M. , Saqi Anjali 
Published: May 2014

Background:
Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality, and patients often present at a late stage. More recently, advances in screening, diagnosing, and treating lung cancer have been made. For instance, greater numbers of minimally invasive procedures are being performed, and identification of lung adenocarcinoma driver mutations has led to the implementation of targeted therapies. Advances in molecular techniques enable use of scant tissue, including cytology specimens. In addition, per recently published consensus guidelines, cytology-derived cell blocks (CBs) are preferred over direct smears. Yet, limited comparison of molecular testing of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) CBs and corresponding histology specimens has been performed. This study aimed to establish concordance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) virus homolog testing between FNA CBs and histology samples from the same patients.

Materials and Methods:
Patients for whom molecular testing for EGFR or KRAS was performed on both FNA CBs and histology samples containing lung adenocarcinoma were identified retrospectively. Following microdissection, when necessary, concordance of EGFR and KRAS molecular testing results between FNA CBs and histology samples was evaluated.

Results:
EGFR and/or KRAS testing was performed on samples obtained from 26 patients. Concordant results were obtained for all EGFR (22/22) and KRAS (17/17) mutation analyses performed.

Conclusions:
Identification of mutations in lung adenocarcinomas affects clinical decision-making, and it is important that results from small samples be accurate. This study demonstrates that molecular testing on cytology CBs is as sensitive and specific as that on histology.
Comenius, the Unity of Brethren, and Correspondence Networks
Authors: Urbánek Vladimír 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This article examines Comenius's extensive correspondence network of which 560 sent and received letters survive. The first aim is to look closer at the letters from the early period of Comenius's life with special regard to his position within the communication network of the Unity of Brethren and to his fundraising activities. Second, it shows how Comenius's correspondence network expanded beyond the structures of the Unity and became a part of the international network of learned correspondence. It also discusses how this network was used in favor of the Unity and how it provided a new type of patronage for the Brethren. It demonstrates that Comenius's didactic and pansophic agenda was often in conflict with his ecclesiastical duties and sometimes with the efforts of his correspondence partners. Finally, the article focuses on two examples of personal correspondence networks of two important recipients of Comenius's letters: Petr Figulus and Mikuláš Drabík. Both of them were ministers of the Unity, both were close to Comenius, and their networks were built with his help but with very different purposes.
Combining the Diaza‐Diels–Alder Reaction and Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminations to Prepare Amino‐Substituted Porphyrins
Authors: Goh Mean See , Pfrunder Michael C. , McMurtrie John C. , Arnold Dennis P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA strategy to tackle the synthesis of azoporphyrins with unsubstituted terminal meso positions was investigated. It comprised the combination of diaza‐Diels–Alder (DADA) reaction of 1,3‐dienes with dialkyl azodicarboxylates, decarboxylative hydrolysis of the bis(carbamates), palladium‐catalyzed amination of bromoporphyrin precursors, and retro‐DADA reactions to release the ultimate targets. The somewhat confused historical results on the DADA reactions of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene were clarified, but the hydrolyses yielded extremely air‐sensitive amines which decomposed completely in minutes via autooxidation and retro‐DADA reaction. With anthracene or 2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene as the diene, the synthesis of azoporphyrin was not achieved but three amino‐substituted porphyrins were obtained in moderate yields under mild conditions. The X‐ray crystal structures of several of the intermediates and the final aminoanthracene‐porphyrin nickel(II) complex were determined.
Emergency airway management by resident physicians in Japan: an analysis of multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Goto Yukari , Watase Hiroko , Brown Calvin A. , Tsuboi Shigeki , Kondo Takashiro , Brown David F. M. , Hasegawa Kohei ,   Japanese Emergency Medicine Network Investigators
Published: May 2014

AimTo examine the success rates of emergency department airway management by resident physicians in Japan.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of a multicentre prospective registry (Japanese Emergency Airway Network Registry) of 13 academic and community emergency departments in Japan. We included all patients who underwent emergency intubation performed by postgraduate year 1 to 5 transitional or emergency medicine residents (resident physicians) between April 2010 and August 2012. Outcome measures were success rates by the first intubator, and by rescue intubator, according to the level of training.ResultsWe recorded 4,094 intubations (capture rate, 96%); 2,800 attempts (2,800/4,094; 68%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 67%–70%) were initially performed by resident physicians. Overall success rate on the first attempt was 63% (1,767/2,789; 95%CI, 61%–64%); the rate improved over the first 3 years of training before reaching a plateau (Ptrend < 0.001). Success rate by the first intubator was 78% (2,185/2,800; 95%CI, 76%–79%); the rate steadily improved as level of training increased (Ptrend < 0.001). Of 597 failed intubation attempts by the first intubator, 41% (247/597; 95%CI, 37%–45%) of rescue attempts were performed by resident physicians. Success rate on the first rescue attempt was 76% (187/247; 95%CI, 70%–81%), and success rate by first rescue intubator was 89% (220/247; 95%CI, 85%–93%). These rates on rescue attempts steadily improved as level of training increased (both Ptrend < 0.001). Intubations were ultimately successful in 2,778 encounters (99.6%).ConclusionIn this multicentre study characterizing emergency airway management across Japan, we observed that emergency department intubations were primarily managed by resident physicians with acceptably high success rates overall.
Usefulness of serum fibrin degradation products and D‐dimer levels as biomarkers to predict return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival: comparison with acid–base balance
Authors: Hagiwara Shuichi , Murata Masato , Kaneko Minoru , Aoki Makoto , Kanbe Masahiko , Ohyama Yoshio , Tamura Jun'ichi , Oshima Kiyohiro 
Published: May 2014

AimWe evaluated the usefulness of fibrin degradation products and D‐dimer levels in blood to predict return of spontaneous circulation in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival compared with anion gap and albumin‐corrected anion gap.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with cardiopulmonary arrest on arrival who had been transferred to the emergency department of our hospital in 2012. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC(+) group), and those without (ROSC(−) group). The levels of anion gap, albumin‐corrected anion gap, fibrin degradation products and D‐dimer measured on arrival were compared between the two groups.ResultsFifty‐three patients could be analyzed. The anion gap and albumin‐corrected anion gap levels were significantly better in the ROSC(+) group than in the ROSC(−) group (anion gap, 28.7 mmol/L [median] versus 39.1 mmol/L; albumin‐corrected anion gap, 31.1 mmol/L versus 40.9 mmol/L). The fibrin degradation product and D‐dimer levels were significantly lower in the ROSC(+) group than in the ROSC(−) group (fibrin degradation products, 32.1 μg/mL versus 157.4 μg/mL; D‐dimer, 9.9 μg/mL versus 37.4 μg/mL). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the relationship with return of spontaneous circulation of anion gap, albumin‐corrected anion gap, fibrin degradation products, and D‐dimer were 0.664, 0.667, 0.714, and 0.707, respectively.ConclusionFibrin degradation products and D‐dimer levels might be more useful as predictors of return of spontaneous circulation than anion gap and albumin‐corrected anion gap.
Incidence and characteristics of biphasic and protracted anaphylaxis: evaluation of 114 inpatients
Authors: Oya Seiro , Nakamori Tomoki , Kinoshita Hirohisa 
Published: May 2014

AimAnaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction that potentially causes death. Most anaphylactic reactions are uniphasic, but some cases may be biphasic or protracted. However, these clinical epidemiology concepts are unfamiliar in Japan. Therefore, we have investigated the incidences and characteristics of patients with biphasic and protracted anaphylaxis.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with anaphylaxis in a single emergency medical center located in Yokohama, Japan from April 2009 to March 2012. We analyzed the incidences and characteristics of patients with biphasic and protracted anaphylaxis who needed to be admitted.ResultsA total of 253 patients were diagnosed with anaphylaxis and 114 patients needed to be admitted. Of the 114 patients, 103 (90.4%) were uniphasic, 7 (6.1%) were biphasic and 4 (3.5%) were protracted anaphylaxis. The most common antigens were foods and drugs. The median onset of a biphasic reaction was 8 h and dermatologic symptoms were mostly observed. Regarding severity, mild symptoms were seen in four cases, similar symptoms to the initial reaction were seen in two cases, and only one case was severe. The duration of protracted anaphylaxis varied from 2 to 8 days.ConclusionThe incidence of biphasic and protracted anaphylaxis in inpatients was 6.1% and 3.5%, respectively. The median onset of biphasic reaction was 8 h, and most symptoms were mild or similar to the initial reaction. We suggest that patients with anaphylaxis need an 8‐h and ideally a 24‐h observation period in order to monitor possible biphasic reactions. The duration of protracted anaphylaxis was up to 8 days.
Combination therapy with early nasopancreatic drainage and minimum surgery for blunt high‐grade pancreatic trauma
Authors: Takaoka Makoto , Ono Masayoshi , Kunishige Chika , Tohma Yoshiki 
Published: May 2014

CaseA 22‐year‐old man suffered blunt, high‐grade, pancreatic trauma; however, duct‐related complications were avoided by combining early nasopancreatic drainage with minimal surgery. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography confirmed rupture of the main pancreatic duct and massive retroperitoneal extravasation. A nasopancreatic catheter was placed across the rupture site, laparotomy was carried out, and a grade IV pancreatic head laceration was sutured. Because the nasopancreatic catheter shifted out intraoperatively, another was inserted and left in place for 12 days.OutcomeThe patient recovered well without any duct‐related complications such as pseudocyst or external pancreatic fistula.ConclusionA combination of early therapeutic endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and surgical repair may be useful for treating high‐grade pancreatic trauma when pancreatic resection is unnecessary.
Highly Enantioselective Carbonyl–Ene Reactions of 2,3‐Diketoesters: Efficient and Atom‐Economical Process to Functionalized Chiral α‐Hydroxy‐β‐Ketoesters
Authors: Truong Phong M. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCarbonyl–ene reactions of 2,3‐diketoesters catalyzed by [Cu{(S,S)‐tBu‐box}](SbF6)2 [box=bis(oxazoline)] generate chiral α‐functionalized α‐hydroxy‐β‐ketoesters in up to 94 % yield and 97 % ee. The 2,3‐diketoesters are conveniently accessed from the corresponding α‐diazo‐β‐ketoester, and a catalyst loading as low as 1.0 mol % can be achieved.
A Displacive‐Type Metal Crown Ether Ferroelectric Compound: Ca(NO3)2(15‐crown‐5)
Authors: Ye Heng‐Yun , Zhang Yi , Fu Da‐Wei , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFollowing the Curie symmetry principle and Aizu rule, we discovered there is a centrosymmetric‐to‐noncentrosymmetric phase transition in Ca(NO3)2(15‐crown‐5) at Tc=205 K. The transition was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and second harmonic generation measurements. The transition gives rise to excellent ferroelectricity, such as a giant dielectric anomaly, with faster polarization switching (5×10−5 s) of up to 107 times without showing fatigue. The ferroelectric mechanism is attributable to the coordination environmental distortion of the central Ca atom. This finding can throw light on the further research in metal–organic ferroelectrics.
Photocatalytic Au–Bi2S3 Heteronanostructures
Authors: Manna Goutam , Bose Riya , Pradhan Narayan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAu–Bi2S3 heteronanostructure photocatalysts were designed in which the coupling of a metal plasmon and a semiconductor exciton aids the absorption of solar light, enhances charge separation, and results in improved catalytic activity. Furthermore, these nanostructures show a unique pattern of structural combination, with Au nanoparticles positioned at the center of Bi2S3 nanorods. The chemistry of formation of these nanostructures, their epitaxy at the junction, and their photoconductance were studied, as well as their photoresponse properties.
Immuno‐Chemotherapeutic Platinum(IV) Prodrugs of Cisplatin as Multimodal Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wong Daniel Yuan Qiang , Yeo Charmian Hui Fang , Ang Wee Han 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere is growing consensus that the clinical therapeutic efficacy of some chemotherapeutic agents depends on their off‐target immune‐modulating effects. Pt anticancer drugs have previously been identified to be potent immunomodulators of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Nevertheless, there has been little development in the rational design of Pt‐based chemotherapeutic agents to exploit their immune‐activating capabilities. The FPR1/2 formyl peptide receptors are highly expressed in immune cells, as well as in many metastatic cancers. Herein, we report a rationally designed multimodal PtIV prodrug containing a FPR1/2‐targeting peptide that combines chemotherapy with immunotherapy to achieve therapeutic synergy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Synthetic Polyester from Algae Oil
Authors: Roesle Philipp , Stempfle Florian , Hess Sandra K. , Zimmerer Julia , Río Bártulos Carolina , Lepetit Bernard , Eckert Angelika , Kroth Peter G. , Mecking Stefan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCurrent efforts to technically use microalgae focus on the generation of fuels with a molecular structure identical to crude oil based products. Here we suggest a different approach for the utilization of algae by translating the unique molecular structures of algae oil fatty acids into higher value chemical intermediates and materials. A crude extract from a microalga, the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was obtained as a multicomponent mixture containing amongst others unsaturated fatty acid (16:1, 18:1, and 20:5) phosphocholine triglycerides. Exposure of this crude algae oil to CO and methanol with the known catalyst precursor [{1,2‐(tBu2PCH2)2C6H4}Pd(OTf)](OTf) resulted in isomerization/methoxycarbonylation of the unsaturated fatty acids into a mixture of linear 1,17‐ and 1,19‐diesters in high purity (>99 %). Polycondensation with a mixture of the corresponding diols yielded a novel mixed polyester‐17/19.17/19 with an advantageously high melting and crystallization temperature.
Formation of Four Different Aromatic Scaffolds from Nitriles through Tandem Divergent Catalysis
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Bouffard Jean , Lee Sang‐gi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA zinc bromide complex, formed by the sequential reaction of nitriles with a Reformatsky reagent and terminal alkynes, is used as an intermediate for divergent palladium‐catalyzed reactions. The reaction pathway of the intermediate is precisely controlled by the choice of the reaction solvent or the palladium catalyst to quickly form four different aromatic scaffolds—arylamines, aminoindenes, pyrroles, and quinolines—starting from readily available nitriles.
Adsorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution using a poly(ethyleneimine)‐functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid silica prepared by hydrothermal‐assisted surface grafting method
Authors: He Lu , Liu Dan‐Dan , Wang Bing‐Bing , Xu Hong‐Bo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)‐functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid silica was prepared by a hydrothermal‐assisted surface grafting technique. Static adsorption experiment results showed that PEI‐functionalized hybrid silica had high static adsorption capacity of 68.1 mg g−1, which was 1.3 times as much as that of the sorbents by conventional heating method. PEI‐functionalized hybrid silica displayed stable adsorption ability for Pb(II) ions in the range of pH 4–8. An equilibrium state was reached within 30 min. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium data, and it was found that the Langmuir adsorption model provided good fit. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order model. Various thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo, were evaluated with results indicating that this system was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results indicated that PEI‐functionalized hybrid silica could be employed as an effective material for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of centralization of pancreatic cancer surgery on resection rates and survival
Authors: Gooiker G A , Lemmens V E P P , Besselink M G , Busch O R , Bonsing B A , Molenaar I Q , Tollenaar R A E M , de Hingh I H J T , Wouters M W J M 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Centralization of pancreatic surgery has been shown to reduce postoperative mortality. It is unknown whether resection rates and survival have also improved. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of nationwide centralization of pancreatic surgery on resection rates and long-term survival.

Methods
All patients diagnosed in the Netherlands between 2000 and 2009 with cancer of the pancreatic head were identified in the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Changes in referral pattern, resection rates and survival after pancreatoduodenectomy were analysed. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the impact of hospital volume (20 or more procedures per year) on survival after resection.

Results
Between 2000 and 2009, 11 160 patients were diagnosed with cancer of the pancreatic head. The resection rate increased from 10·7 per cent in 2000–2004 to 15·3 per cent in 2005–2009 (P &lt; 0·001). No significant difference in survival after resection was observed between the two intervals (P = 0·135), although survival was significantly better in high-volume hospitals (median survival 18 months versus 16 months in low/medium-volume hospitals; P = 0·017). After adjustment for patient and tumour characteristics, high hospital volume remained associated with better overall survival after resection (hazard ratio 0·70, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·58 to 0·84; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Centralization of pancreatic cancer surgery led to increased resection rates. High-volume centres had significantly better survival rates. Centralization improves patient outcomes and should be encouraged.
Patterns of presentation and failure in patients with gliomatosis cerebri treated with partial‐brain radiation therapy
Authors: Kandula Shravan , Saindane Amit M. , Prabhu Roshan S. , Hanasoge Sheela , Patel Kirtesh R. , Shu Hui‐Kuo , Curran Walter J. , Crocker Ian R. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDThe patterns of lobar involvement, optimal treatment, and disease course among patients with gliomatosis cerebri (GC) have not been fully characterized. The current study evaluates the clinical presentations and outcomes for patients with GC treated with radiation therapy (RT) at our institution.METHODSA total of 26 patients (25 with follow‐up) with GC were diagnosed and treated between January 2004 and June 2012. Inclusion criteria consisted of brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuroradiology confirmation of contiguous involvement of ≥ 3 lobes/lobar equivalents with preservation of neural architecture. Patients were treated with either partial‐brain RT to involved tumor (25 patients) or whole‐brain RT (1 patient). The median RT dose was 54.0 Gray. The median follow‐up was 17.3 months.RESULTSThe median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 57 years. Twenty‐one patients (81%) and 5 patients (19%) had 3 to 6 and ≥ 7 involved lobes/lobar equivalents, respectively. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 7.4 months and 14.9 months, respectively. Fifteen patients experienced radiographic disease progression after partial‐brain RT, 14 of whom (93%) developed infield disease recurrence. On univariate analysis, higher tumor grade and type II GC (with focal mass) were associated with a poorer progression‐free survival. The extent of lobar involvement and chemotherapy were not associated with overall survival.CONCLUSIONSEven with partial‐brain RT, nearly all disease recurrences were infield and clinical outcomes were similar to previous GC series, thereby suggesting that whole‐brain RT is not necessary for this patient population. A greater number of involved lobes did not correlate with inferior outcomes. Further studies are necessary to establish more uniform and optimal treatments for this rare disease. Cancer 2014;120:2713–2720. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Highly Active PtAu Nanowire Networks for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Meiling , Li Songtao , Zhu Jianbing , Li Kui , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe PtAu alloy nanowire networks (NWNs) were synthesized directly in an aqueous solution using Triton X‐114 as the structure‐inducing agent. The NMNs formed based on the oriented‐attachment growth mechanism, and they exhibited dramatically enhanced electrocatalytic activity for formic acid electrooxidation compared with commercial Pt black. Besides the ensemble effect, the advantages of the unique structure, including superior electrical conductivity and faster electron‐transfer for the electrochemical process, were regarded as the contributors to the superior catalytic activity of the as‐prepared PtAu NWNs.