bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Distribution of Fishes of Economic Importance Under Changing Climate in Lamu, Kenya.
Authors: Leshamta Getrude Tausi , Muthama John N. , Muthumbi Agness W. , Ndiwa  
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Fisheries in Kenya is key in local and national economy. This study supports climate governance by showing the past and future distribution of fishes of economic importance and state of fish habitats under changing climate to guide in Marine Spatial Planning and sustainable Blue economy. Analysis of climate extremes was compared with the trends of fish catch and the reason behind dwindling catches deduced. KMD and KeFS climate and fish catch data was used in the analysis of historical extremes and trends. The future distribution of fishes of economic importance was assessed using species distribution modelling with climate change scenario data from worldclim.com.
Findings showed that catch values have been increasing since 2015 and 0ff-shore species catches decreasing. By the year 2050, several parts of Lamu East and few places in Lamu West are expected to experience inundation.Mangroves are expected to be distributed over most parts of Lamu shoreline while several parts are expected to be suitable for sea grass. Most parts of Lamu East are expected to support crabs, lobsters and green algae while several places in Lamu West are expected to be suitable. Several parts of Lamu East are expected to be suitable for Tuna fish, sailfish and snappers while in Lamu West only a few parts will be suitable.
The study recommends conservation of mangroves and sea grass, better fishing gears and coolants for fishers and continued surveillance in Lamu east waters which is more productive than the West to cope with the changing climate.
Fatigue Effects on Angular Kinematics in Recreational Runners Grouped by Functional Response
Authors: Martínez Alberto Encarnación , Sánchez-Ribes Esther , Bruna-Lázaro Rubén , Sanchis-Sanchis Roberto , Ashby Jack , Pérez-Soriano Pedro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The low level of evidence regarding injury risk factors motivates new studies analysing biomechanical risk factors (BRF) and their interaction with factors such as fatigue, which serves as the primary modulator of biomechanical response during running. This study aimed to determine if fatigue-related changes in BRF could functionally group healthy recreational runners and to compare biomechanical responses among them. Thirty-nine (N = 39) male recreational runners underwent analysis of lower leg angular kinematics, heart rate, blood lactate levels, and perceived effort before and after a 30-minute exhaustive continuous treadmill running test. Changes in BRF between pre- and post-fatigue conditions were used for clustering via the K-means algorithm.
Results
Three functional groups (FG) were identified, each displaying distinct behaviours in lower limb angular kinematics following fatigue onset. While FG1 and FG2 exhibited similar or compensatory behaviours to maintain their usual running dynamics, FG3 showed more pronounced changes, including increased hip flexion (7.4%) and knee flexion (21%) at touch-down, as well as increased knee flexion at maximal knee flexion (6%) and at the toe-off instant (9%) during the running cycle.
Conclusions
Fatigue-induced alterations in the considered biomechanical risk factors allow for the functional grouping of recreational athletes. Changes in FG3 impact running patterns, altering running economy-related variables, and supposedly increasing injury risk, requiring different training and preventive interventions.
A Miniaturized Broad-band Frequency Selective Surface with Square Loop Structure and its Complementary Pattern
Authors: Kanchana D. , Ashvanth Balu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A miniaturized dual sided modified square loop structure is printed on the both sides of single layer substrate are proposed, with one band stop and two controllable passbands is obtained. Each FSS element consists of modified square loop on the top metal layer and its corresponding complementary pattern is printed on the bottom of the FR4 substrate with thickness of 0.8mm and it covers the centre frequency of 10 GHz. The proposed design provides two transmission poles separated by a transmission zero. The simulated and measured results are good to each other. Furthermore, the cases of various angle of incidence for both TE and TM mode are also measured and examined.
A Scoping Review Continuing Professional Development Programs for Midwives: Optimising Management of Obstetric Emergencies and Complications.
Authors: Musie Maurine Rofhiwa , Tagutanazvo Oslinah Buru , Sepeng Nombulelo Veronica , Mulaudzi Fhumulani Mavis , Hlongwane Tsakane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Midwives play a pivotal role in ensuring safe childbirth, particularly in the management of obstetric emergencies and complications. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs are essential to keep midwives updated with the latest skills and knowledge, ensuring high-quality maternal care.
Problem statement:
Aim: We conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize evidence on continuing professional development for midwives optimising management of obstetric emergencies and complications to reveal evidence to address the knowledge gap and implementation of policy.
Methods: This scoping review was guided by the adapted version of Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework (2005). We searched the following databases from 2013 to 2023: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (CINAHL, MEDLINE and Academic search): and ProQuest central. The quality of the included studies was appraised using mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. Content analysis and synthesis of the findings were conducted using Nvivo 12.
Results: Of the 752 articles identified through database searching, 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and reported according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. After data extraction, content analysis yielded the following 4 major themes: Types of CPD training programs, Effectiveness of CPD on management of obstetric emergencies, Barriers/Challenges with lack of implementation of CPD programs and Suggestion for implementation of CPD programs.
Conclusion: Our findings revealed the significance of CPD programs in equipping midwives with the necessary skills and knowledge to handle obstetric emergencies effectively. The program can be offered in various approaches including simulation-based training, technology-based simulation, online modules, workshops, and interdisciplinary/interprofessional learning sessions, have shown to be effective. Each method offers unique advantages, such as hands-on practice in simulations and flexibility in online learning with smart applications such as SAFE delivery applications.
Trial registration: Research Ethics reference #322/2023, date of registration: 14/02/2024.
Women and healthcare provider views on the acceptability of user fee exemptions for caesarean section to prevent maternal and perinatal complications in low and lower-middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Hubner Madeleine , Jones Laura , Kingdon Carol , Downe Soo , Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Tadros Agiya , Naidu Harshitha , Thangaratinam Shakila , Wilson Amie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinically indicated caesarean section (CS) can be a lifesaving procedure to minimise complications during childbirth. User fees are direct out-of-pocket costs for receiving a particular medical service and constitute a financial barrier to accessing care. Policies to remove user fees for CS in low and lower-middle-income countries (LLMIC) aim to improve timely access and prevent catastrophic expenditures. However, there is a need to understand the acceptability of these policies. This qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to explore the acceptability of user fee exemption policies for CS in LLMIC from the perspectives of women and healthcare providers.
Methods
Six electronic databases and relevant reference lists were systematically searched. Studies containing primary qualitative data including women and/or healthcare provider views on the acceptability of user fee exemptions for CS, undertaken in LLMIC, and published between 1990 and May 2024, were eligible for inclusion. Best-fit framework synthesis using the Sekon et al.’s theoretical framework of acceptability informed data analysis.
Results
We included five studies involving 315 women and healthcare providers. Studies were published between 2011 and 2020. Data aligned with Sekhon et al’s theoretical framework of acceptability and were presented in 5 domains: affective attitude, burden, ethicality and opportunity cost, perceived effectiveness and intervention coherence, and self-efficacy. The free CS policies were perceived to increase the utilisation of health facilities and CS and as a move towards more equitable maternity care. However, concern was expressed that the policies had encouraged medically unjustified CS and did not cover complications of vaginal births. Policies were reported to be poorly implemented and inadequately resourced, resulting in many women still paying for their CS and negatively impacting quality of care.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrate a mixed picture of the acceptability of removing user fees for CS. A broader policy that appropriately addresses all obstetric complications with adequate staffing and resources will likely increase acceptability and reduce maternal and perinatal complications.
Knowledge, attitude and practices of Buruli ulcer among residents in Jasikan Municipality of Ghana: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Baba Atubiga Alobit , Abdulai Mohammed , Cowther Stanley , Smith Rev. Mahama Wayo , Adjabeng Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Buruli ulcer is part of the neglected tropical diseases in the world. The disease often starts with a pre-ulcerative nodule, a plaque or oedema which breaks down to form characteristic ulcers with undermined edges. The mode of transmission and identifying source reservoirs of the causative organism of the disease are still largely unknown.
Purpose
This study explored the knowledge, attitude and practices of Buruli ulcer among residents in Jasikan Municipality of Ghana using an ethnographic study.
Method
The study employed an ethnographic approach. The data was collected from 20 study participants using in-depth interview guide. The data was presented using thematic analysis.
Results
Respondents knowledge on Buruli ulcer varied. Some respondents attributed the cause of the disease to evil spirits and some respondents had no knowledge on what cause the disease. The study found that Buruli ulcer patients sought treatment in health facilities, prayer camps, herbalist homes and practiced self-medications. The findings revealed that, residents without the disease had negative attitude towards Buruli ulcer patients.
Conclusions
Knowledge of respondents on Buruli ulcer varied and various practices were used to manage the disease. The attitude of participants towards the disease was unfavourvable.
Knowledge, Attitude and Use of Contraceptive Among Secondary School Students in the Gambia
Authors: Jatta Solomon PS , Badjie Mansour , Sreed Aswathy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Family planning assists individuals and couples in anticipating and achieving their desired number of children as well as the spacing and timing of their births. The public healthcare system in many nations neglects adolescents and young people. Lack of proper awareness and utilization of family planning services by secondary school students poses a significant public health challenge, particularly as the government strives to reduce mother and child morbidity and mortality in the Gambia.
This paper aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and use of contraceptives among secondary school students in The Gambia.
METHODOLOGY: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in The Gambia. Semi-structured questionnaire was administered to students through face-to-face interviews. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.
RESULTS: The findings showed a low level of good knowledge of family planning with only 17.5% of the participants having good knowledge. The most common source of information was radio and television. The attitude of students towards family planning was relatively positive with 50.4% had positive attitude. About one in ten (9.8%) were practicing family planning. Seventy-nine (20.8%) were sexually active and out of these 41.3% were engaged in risky sexual behaviors.
CONCLUSION: There was a low level of good knowledge and uptake of family planning commodities in both regions and the proportion of urban participants with positive attitudes was higher than the rural.
Effects of different exercise intensities based on body weight change on nutritional status, body composition, and energy balance in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ikeuchi Tomoyuki , Shingai Kazuya , Ichiki Katsuyuki , Jimi Takeo , Kawano Tetsuya , Kato Kaori , Tsuda Toru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
High-intensity exercise is recommended for the pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, it can cause energy imbalance due to increased energy expenditure. Here, we aimed to explore how reducing exercise intensity affects energy balance in patients with COPD experiencing weight loss due to high-intensity training.
Methods
All participants underwent high-intensity endurance and resistance training for a 2-week preliminary period. Those who lost more than 1% of their weight were then randomized to either continue high-intensity exercise (AA group) or switch to low-intensity exercise (AB group) for another two weeks (experimental period).
Results
The analysis included 30 participants (AA, n = 15; AB, n = 15). The AA group showed significant increases in body composition, dietary intake, nutritional status, muscle strength, and exercise capacity at week 4 than at week 2, with no significant changes in the AB group. After the experimental period, a greater proportion of the AA group had energy intake exceeding expenditure than did the AB group (80% vs. 40%).
Conclusions
In patients with COPD who lost body weight during pulmonary rehabilitation with high-intensity exercise, continuing this exercise had a more positive effect on body composition, nutritional status, physical function, and energy balance than did reducing exercise intensity. These results suggest the importance of continuing high-intensity exercise, along with consideration of energy intake and nutritional therapy, even when body weight loss occurs during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Trial registration
: This study was retrospectively registered on the UMIN-CTR as UMIN000050976 on May 5, 2023.
Comparison of semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG digital PET/CT and simultaneous PET/MRI in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients
Authors: Panperee Pimlapat , Thongdonpua Supachoke , Jantarato Attapon , Promteangtrong Chetsadaporn , Kunawudhi Anchisa , Kiatkittikul Peerapon , Siripongsatian Dheeratama , Keeratipiriyakul Jiratthakorn , Konggasame Onanong , Chotipanich Chanisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to validate the impact of standardized uptake value (SUV) derived from positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) on lymphoma interpretation. A retrospective analysis compared semi-quantitative measures between PET/MRI and digital/computed tomography (PET/CT).
Methods: 106 lymphoma patients underwent both PET/CT followed by PET/MRI (PET/CTfirst group, n=51) or PET/MRI followed by PET/CT (PET/MRIfirst group, n=55). SUV measurements in lesions, liver, and mediastinal blood pool were compared.
Results: SUVmax and SUVmean were significantly lower in PET/MRI than PET/CT (P<0.05), except SUVmean for mediastinal blood pool in the PET/MRIfirst group (P<0.09). Correlation between modalities was excellent for the lesion (ρ=0.90–0.96). Moreover, there was a high correlation for SUVmax and SUVmean in the liver in the PET/CTfirst group (ρ=0.71–0.77) and for the SUVmean in the liver and mediastinal blood pool in the PET/MRIfirst group. A moderate correlation (ρ=0.56-0.69) was observed for the SUVmax in the mediastinal blood pool regardless of acquisition order and for the SUVmax in the liver in the PET/MRIfirst group; however, the lowest correlation was for SUVmean in the mediastinal blood pool (ρ=0.48). The Deauville five-point scale (D5PS) scores indicated good agreement between modalities (κ=0.6566 for PET/CTfirst and κ=0.4846 for PET/MRIfirst; P<0.001).
Conclusion: PET/MRI is effective in lymphoma assessment, correlating SUV quantification and showing good agreement with D5PS from digital PET/CT. However, quantitative PET image comparison is limited due to subsystem design and gamma attenuation correction methods. Follow-up examinations on the same machine are recommended for accurate quantitative tracer uptake evaluation.
First detection of industrial hydrogen emissions using high-precision mobile measurements in ambient air
Authors: Westra Iris M. , Scheeren Hubertus A. , Stroo Firmin T. , Heuven Steven M.A.C. van , Kers Bert A.M. , Peters Wouter , Meijer Harro A.J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Projections towards 2050 of the global hydrogen (H2) demand indicate an eight-fold increase in present-day hydrogen consumption. Leakage during production, transport, and consumption therefore presents a large potential for increases in the atmospheric hydrogen burden. Although not a greenhouse gas itself, hydrogen has indirect climate effects: through oxidation with the OH radical in the atmosphere the lifetime of methane increases, tropospheric ozone is produced, and the concentration of stratospheric water vapour increases. The Global Warming Potential of H2 is estimated to be 12.8 times that of CO2. Available technologies to detect hydrogen emissions have been limited to risk assessments of industrial facilities, while smaller climate-relevant emissions remain undetected. The latter requires measurement capacity at the parts-per-billion level (ppb). We developed and tested a simple and effective method to detect small hydrogen emissions from industrial installations combining active AirCore sampling with ppb-precision analysis by gas chromatography. We applied our methodology at a chemistry park in the Groningen province, the Netherlands, where several hydrogen production and storage facilities are concentrated. From a car and an unmanned aerial vehicle, we detected for the first time small but consistent industrial emissions from leakage and purging across the hydrogen value chain, which include electrolysers, a hydrogen fuelling station, and chemical production plants. Our emission estimates indicate current loss rates between 1-5% of the estimated production and storage in these facilities. This is sufficiently large to urgently flag the need for monitoring and verification of H2 emissions for the purpose of understanding our climate change trajectory in the 21st century.
Association of Antenatal Steroid Administration with Neonatal Morbidities among Late Preterm Multiple Gestation Infants
Authors: Velumula Pradeep Kumar , Boddu Praveen kumar , Khanal Luna , Jani Sanket , Fernandes Nithi , Thomas Ronald , Bajaj Monika , Chawla Sanjay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background There is limited evidence on the efficacy of antenatal steroids (ANS) among women with multiple gestations at risk of late preterm delivery.Study design: This retrospective study included multiple gestation, late preterm infants (340/7-366/7 weeks gestational age), born between January 2013 and December 2022. The primary outcome was composite respiratory outcome, defined as the need for respiratory support by 72 hours of age. Logistic and linear regressions were performed to compare the primary and secondary outcomes with and without exposure to any ANS, adjusted for gestational age, sex of infant, histologic chorioamnionitis, and intrauterine growth restriction.Results The composite respiratory outcome was significantly lower in any ANS group compared to no ANS group (28.6% vs. 33.7%) [adjusted odds ratio 0.50, 95% CI, 0.33–0.75, p˂0.001].Conclusion In late preterm multiple gestation infants, any ANS exposure was associated with lower risk of composite respiratory outcome.
A comparative ensemble approach of deep learning models for binary and multiclass classification of histopathological images for breast cancer detection
Authors: Pal Madhumita , Panda Ganapati , Mohapatra Ranjan , Rath Adyasha , Dash Sujata , Mallik Saurav , Shah Mohd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently occurring cancer in women after lung cancer. There are different stages of breast cancer. Among them, Invasive ductal BC causes the maximum number of deaths in women. Different radio imaging techniques are available to diagnose this fatal disease. With the development of different radiographic imaging techniques, it is now possible to identify this fatal condition early on. However, qualified radiologists and pathologists must analyze the radiographic and Histopathological images. The procedure is expensive and prone to mistakes, as radiologists and pathologists are human beings. In this paper, three deep learning models such as Vision Transformer (ViT), Convmixer and Visual Geometry Group-19 (VGG-19), are proposed for the detection and classification of different breast cancer tumours using Breast cancer histopathological (Break His) image database. The performance of each of these models is evaluated using an 80:20 training scheme and measured in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, loss, F1 score and area under the curve. From the simulation result, we found that ViT performs best for binary classification of breast cancer tumours with accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 99.89%,98.29%,98.29% and 98.29%, respectively. Also, ViT gives the best performance in terms of accuracy, Precision, recall and F1-score 98.21%, 89.84% and 89.97%, respectively, for eight class classifications of breast histopathological images. Then, we have an ensemble ViT-Convmixer model for detecting breast cancer and observe that the ensemble model's performance degrades compared to the ViT model with an accuracy of 95 and 85 percent. We have also compared the performance of the proposed best model with the other existing models. The proposed model can also detect other diseases with improved accuracy.