bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted Publications in the Drug Literature
Authors: Samp Jennifer C. , Schumock Glen T. , Pickard A. Simon 
Published: September 2012

Recent studies have suggested an increase in the number of retracted scientific publications. It is unclear how broadly the issue of misleading and fraudulent publications pertains to retractions of drug therapy studies. Therefore, we sought to determine the trends and factors associated with retracted publications in drug therapy literature. A PubMed search was conducted to identify retracted drug therapy articles published from 2000–2011. Articles were grouped according to reason for retraction, which was classified as scientific misconduct or error. Scientific misconduct was further divided into data fabrication, data falsification, questions of data veracity, unethical author conduct, and plagiarism. Error was defined as duplicate publication, scientific mistake, journal error, or unstated reasons. Additional data were extracted from the retracted articles, including type of article, funding source, author information, therapeutic area, and retraction issue. A total of 742 retractions were identified from 2000–2011 in the general biomedical literature, and 102 drug studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 73 articles (72%) were retracted for a reason classified as scientific misconduct, whereas 29 articles (28%) were retracted for error. Among the 73 articles classified as scientific misconduct, those classified as unethical author conduct (32 articles [44%]) and data fabrication (24 articles [33%]) constituted the majority. The median time from publication of the original article to retraction was 31 months (range 1–130). Fifty percent of retracted articles did not state a funding source, whereas pharmaceutical manufacturer funding accounted for only 13 articles (13%) analyzed. Many retractions were due to repeat offenses by a small number of authors, with nearly 40% of the retracted studies associated with two individuals. We found that a greater proportion of drug therapy articles were retracted for reasons of misconduct and fraud compared with other biomedical studies. It is important for health care practitioners to monitor the literature for retractions so that recommendations for drug therapy and patient management may be modified accordingly.
Überraschende Vielfalt
Authors: Haller Heike , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAbgesehen von den vielerforschten Polyiodiden sind Polyhalogenide weitgehend Terra incognita. Dabei hält das Gebiet viele aufregende Entdeckungen bereit. Die mögliche Anwendung in Farbstoffsolarzellen oder Batterien sollte ein Ansporn für die weitere Erforschung solcher Anionen sein.
Changing government policy and its implications for nonprofit management education
Authors: Rathgeb Smith Steven 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNonprofit management education and training programs have grown tremendously in the past twenty years, especially in graduate schools of public administration and policy. This growth reflects in part the sharp increase in the number of nonprofit organizations as well as important changes in public policy, such as greater emphasis on performance and accountability, shifts in government funding, and increased competition for public resources. These changes in public policy have also prompted an increase in hybrid organizations, including new partnerships, collaborations, and coalitions involving nonprofit organizations. This transformation of public policy and its effect on nonprofit organizations needs an integrated approach to nonprofit management education that entails the inclusion of nonprofit management content in the required curriculum of graduate public management programs. Given the changes in public policy and their impact on nonprofit organizations, new governance models are also needed to inform research, practice, and curricular development for nonprofit managers.
Dexrazoxane use in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia from 1999 and 2009: Analysis of a national cohort of patients in the pediatric health information systems database
Authors: Walker Dana M. , Fisher Brian T. , Seif Alix E. , Huang Yuan‐Shung V. , Torp Kari , Li Yimei , Aplenc Richard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML) account for approximately 26% of pediatric cancers. Anthracyclines are widely used to treat these leukemias, but dosing is limited by cardiotoxicity. Data support the efficacy of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant in children; however, dexrazoxane use in children is not universally accepted due to concerns about toxicity, impact on the antitumor effect of anthracyclines, and risk of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMN).ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to describe patterns of dexrazoxane use in pediatric patients with ALL or AML using the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database. Patients identified as having de novo ALL and AML at these PHIS hospitals were included.ResultsOf 8,733 patients with ALL and 2,556 with AML, 207 (2.4%) and 52 (2.0%) received dexrazoxane, respectively. Dexrazoxane use was greater in older children with ALL and AML and in black patients and males with ALL. Dexrazoxane use varied across time and by region in ALL, but not in AML. Prescribing practices differed across institutions and most patients received the first dose early or late after the start of leukemia treatment.ConclusionsDexrazoxane administration is limited in patients with ALL and AML and prescribing practices vary across the country. Further work is necessary to understand how dexrazoxane is used in patients at highest risk of developing cardiotoxicity and to define its true effect on the development of SMNs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 616–620. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic Analysis of Alvimopan for Prevention and Management of Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Touchette Daniel R. , Yang Yoojung , Tiryaki Funda , Galanter William L. 
Published: September 2012

Study ObjectiveTo determine whether alvimopan for prevention of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing small‐ or large‐bowel resection by laparotomy is associated with lower total costs compared with standard care.DesignPharmacoeconomic analysis using a formal decision model.Data SourceFour phase III clinical trials, two pooled analyses, and one meta‐analysis.Patient PopulationA cohort of patients who underwent bowel resection with primary anastomosis by laparotomy and received either standardized, accelerated postoperative care (usual care) or usual care plus alvimopan.Measurements and Main ResultsClinical outcomes, obtained from pooled analyses of published studies, were time to discharge order written, postoperative nasogastric tube insertion, postoperative ileus‐related readmission within 7 days, and occurrence of nausea and vomiting. Cost inputs included drugs, nursing labor, readmissions, and hospitalizations. Costs were assessed by determining the net cost of alvimopan use and subsequent reduction in length of stay. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted. Costs for alvimopan were $570 based on an average of 9.5 doses. Given the 18.4‐hour mean reduction in time to discharge order written, use of alvimopan reduced hospitalization costs by $2021. Mean difference in overall cost of care, as determined by Monte Carlo simulation, was $1168 (95% certainty interval −$437 to $5879), favoring the use of alvimopan. In the sensitivity analysis, association of alvimopan with lower costs was robust to several changes in key parameters including cost and number of doses of alvimopan, time to discharge order written, readmission rates, and hospitalization cost. In the scenario analyses, alvimopan use yielded a net cost of $226 when no difference in time to discharge order written was assumed. In the scenario analysis using data from a study that did not enforce opioid use, alvimopan resulted in a cost saving of $65/patient.ConclusionAlvimopan was cost saving for prevention of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing bowel resection by laparotomy, although these potential cost savings were highly dependent on a difference in time to discharge order written. This finding is not applicable to the less‐invasive laparoscopic surgical approach for which quality data on alvimopan use are lacking. Limitations of this analysis included use of time to discharge order written as a proxy for length of stay and difficulty interpreting study results due to inconsistent reporting and conduct of the clinical trials evaluating alvimopan. More research is needed to determine the cost‐effectiveness of alvimopan.
Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of novel modified poly[(maleic anhydride)‐ co‐(vinyl acetate)]/noradrenaline conjugate
Authors: Karakus Gulderen , Polat Zubeyde Akin , Yenidunya Ali Fazil , Zengin Haci Bayram , Karakus Can Bulent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPoly[(maleic anhydride)‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (MAVA) copolymer was synthesized by free radical polymerization reaction, in methyl ethyl ketone at 80 °C, using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The copolymer was then modified with a biomolecule, noradrenaline (NA). The modification reaction was performed at 70 °C in dimethylformamide containing triethylamine as the catalyst. The modified polymer was named MAVA/NA. Structural characterization of the copolymer and the modified product was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra confirmed that NA was successfully covalently bound to the MAVA copolymer backbone. Surface morphology was visualized by atomic force microscopy. The cumulative release of NA from MAVA/NA was determined in phosphate buffered saline solution for 7 days at 37 °C and compared with MAVA. Cytotoxicity of the MAVA/NA was evaluated by using a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Results obtained indicated that MAVA/NA had almost no toxicity and no negative effect on cell viability at 250 µg mL−1 concentration. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
T‐RFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Debris Cones, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica
Authors: Abramovich Reut Sorek , Pomati Francesco , Jungblut Anne D. , Guglielmin Mauro , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe debris cones known as Amorphous Glacier and Boulder Clay are located in an ice‐free region in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and differ in their isotopic composition, mechanisms of ice distribution, geological formation and age. However, to date it is not known if bacterial community profiles within ice and permafrost can be established for these environments, and then whether glaciological differences between the two areas would be reflected in the bacterial community composition. In order to gather first evidence for the bacterial communities in these glacial zones, we carried out terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis on the 16S rRNA gene using a universal bacterial amplification protocol on two permafrost cores. The DNA yields from ice‐core samples ranged from 0.29 ng μL‐1 in Amorphous Glacier to 88 ng μL‐1 in Boulder Clay. Bray‐Curtis cluster analysis suggested Boulder Clay bacterial profiles were similar to each other, but cluster separately from the Amorphous Glacier bacterial profile. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of AZ91D Granules Covered with a Flux during In‐Situ Melting
Authors: Jafari Hassan , Idris Mohd Hasbullah , Ourdjini Ali , Farahany Saeed , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOxidation and melting behaviors of AZ91D granules throughout the in‐situ melting process using flux were investigated. The granules were heated under unprotected environment at four different temperatures between 650 and 800 °C, for the durations of 30 and 60 min. The products of heating process were characterized macroscopically and the oxides formed on the granules were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Thermal analysis was used to reveal the response of the granules to heating during the in‐situ melting. The results showed that the granules experienced severe oxidation even in the presence of the flux, and significant amount of them changed to a powdered state due to oxidation and combustion, especially at 800 °C. It was discovered that the granules melted during heating; however, oxides formed on their surface encapsulated the molten metal and prevented the liquids from merging. The results also revealed that increasing heating temperature and time enhanced mold‐magnesium reaction resulted in the entrance of mold materials into the oxidation residues.
The cost of integrating external technologies: Supply and demand drivers of value creation in the markets for technology
Authors: Ceccagnoli Marco , Jiang Lin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA classic question faced by technology suppliers and buyers is whether to compete in the product markets or to cooperate through licensing. We address this question by examining an important, demand‐side barrier to licensing—the buyers' cost of integrating a licensed technology. We argue that this cost can be affected by suppliers' knowledge transfer capabilities, buyers' absorptive capacity, and the cospecialization between R&D and downstream activities in the buyers' industries. Following this argument and a stylized bargaining model, we hypothesize that the supplier's knowledge transfer capability stimulates licensing. Moreover, the importance of this capability increases when licensing to industries where potential buyers have weak absorptive capacity or R&D and downstream activities are cospecialized. We find support for our hypotheses using a panel dataset of small ‘serial innovators.’ Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled Simulation of Seismic Wave Propagation and Failure Phenomena by Use of an MPS Method
Authors: Takekawa Junichi , Mikada Hitoshi , Goto Tada-nori , Sanada Yoshinori , Ashida Yuzuru 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The failure of brittle materials, for example glasses and rock masses, is commonly observed to be discontinuous. It is, however, difficult to simulate these phenomena by use of conventional numerical simulation methods, for example the finite difference method or the finite element method, because of the presence of computational grids or elements artificially introduced before the simulation. It is, therefore, important for research on such discontinuous failures in science and engineering to analyze the phenomena seamlessly. This study deals with the coupled simulation of elastic wave propagation and failure phenomena by use of a moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. It is simple to model the objects of analysis because no grid or lattice structure is necessary. In addition, lack of a grid or lattice structure makes it simple to simulate large deformations and failure phenomena at the same time. We first compare analytical and MPS solutions by use of Lamb’s problem with different offset distances, material properties, and source frequencies. Our results show that analytical and numerical seismograms are in good agreement with each other for 20 particles in a minimum wavelength. Finally, we focus our attention on the Hopkinson effect as an example of failure induced by elastic wave propagation. In the application of the MPS, the algorithm is basically the same as in the previous calculation except for the introduction of a failure criterion. The failure criterion applied in this study is that particle connectivity must be disconnected when the distance between the particles exceeds a failure threshold. We applied the developed algorithm to a suspended specimen that was modeled as a long bar consisting of thousands of particles. A compressional wave in the bar is generated by an abrupt pressure change on one edge. The compressional wave propagates along the interior of the specimen and is visualized clearly. At the other end of the bar, the spalling of the bar is reproduced numerically, and a broken piece of the bar is formed and falls away from the main body of the bar. Consequently, these results show that the MPS method effectively reproduces wave propagation and failure phenomena at the same time.
Role of 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Predicting the Pathologic Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients With Resectable T3 Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kittaka Hirotada , Takahashi Hidenori , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Gotoh Kunihito , Yamada Terumasa , Tomita Yasuhiko , Hasegawa Yoshihisa , Yano Masahiko , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in combination with computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) could correctly predict the pathologic response to preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for resectable pancreatic cancer.MethodsEach of the 40 patients underwent FDG‐PET/CT before and after preoperative CRT. The maximum standard uptake value (SUV) was measured for the primary tumor before and after preoperative CRT, defined as pre‐CRT SUV and post‐CRT SUV, respectively. The proportional alteration of the SUV decline (regression index) between post‐CRT SUV and pre‐CRT SUV was also calculated. These three indicators were associated with the pathologic response.ResultsPatients were classified as 21 responders and 19 nonresponders according to the histologic features. A pre‐CRT SUV ≥4.7 was seen in 15 (71 %) of 21 responders and in 6 (32 %) of 19 nonresponders (p = 0.03). A regression index ≥0.46 was seen in 15 (71 %) responders and 5 (26 %) nonresponders (p = 0.01).ConclusionsA better pathological response can be expected for pancreatic cancer patients who have a high regression index (≥0.46) and a high pre‐CRT SUV (≥4.7). The SUV measurement using FDG‐PET/CT is a useful tool for predicting the pathologic response to preoperative CRT.
Latino/a Depression and Smoking: An Analysis Through the Lenses of Culture, Gender, and Ethnicity
Authors: Lorenzo-Blanco Elma I. , Cortina Lilia M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRates of major depressive disorder (MDD) and cigarette smoking increase with Latino/a acculturation, but this varies by gender and ethnic subgroup. We investigated how lived experiences (i.e., discrimination, family conflict, family cohesion, familismo) clustered together in the everyday lives of Latina/os. We further examined associations of cluster profile and Latino/a subgroup with MDD and smoking, and tested whether gender moderated these associations. Data came from the National Latino Asian American Study, which included 2,554 Latino/as (48 % female; mean age = 38.02 years). K‐means cluster analysis revealed six profiles of experience, which varied by gender and socio‐cultural characteristics. Proportionately more women than men were in groups with problematic family lives. Acculturated Latino/as were disproportionately represented in profiles reporting frequent discrimination, family conflict, and a lack of shared family values and cohesion. Profiles characterized by high discrimination and family problems also predicted elevated risk for MDD and smoking. Findings suggest that Latino/a acculturation comes jointly with increased discrimination, increased family conflict, and reduced family cohesion and shared family values, exacerbating risk for MDD and smoking. This research on pathways to depression and smoking can inform the development of targeted assessment, prevention, and intervention strategies, tailored to the needs of Latino/as.
A volume preserving flow with essential coexistence of zero and non-zero Lyapunov exponents
Authors: CHEN JIANYU , HU HUYI , PESIN YAKOV 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate essential coexistence of hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic behavior in the continuous-time case by constructing a smooth volume preserving flow on a five-dimensional compact smooth manifold that has non-zero Lyapunov exponents almost everywhere on an open and dense subset of positive but not full volume and is ergodic on this subset while having zero Lyapunov exponents on its complement. The latter is a union of three-dimensional invariant submanifolds, and on each of these submanifolds the flow is linear with Diophantine frequency vector.
A note on the stability of inviscid zonal jet flows on a rotating sphere
Authors: Sasaki Eiichi , Takehiro Shin-ichi , Yamada Michio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe linear stability of inviscid zonal jet flows on a rotating sphere is re-examined. A semi-circle theorem for inviscid zonal flows on a rotating sphere is proved. It is also shown that numerically obtained eigenvalues of the linear stability problem do not converge well with a spectral method which was adopted in previous studies, due to an emergence of critical layers near the poles. By using a shooting method where the integral path bypasses the critical layers in the complex plane, the eigenvalues are successfully obtained with ${\ensuremath{\sim} }10\hspace{0.167em} \% $ correction of the critical rotation rates compared to those obtained in Baines (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 73, 1976, pp. 193–213).
Review Article: Comedy
Authors: Ruffell I.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews and discusses two major publications on Greek comedy (J. Rusten, The Birth of Comedy and I. Storey, Fragments of Old Comedy) in the light of recent advances and trends in scholarship. It focuses in particular on periodization of the genre, including an evaluation of the contribution of ancient scholarship; the evidence for variety in Old Comedy; the different perspectives on competition within the genre; and the presentation and implications of the comic body. An assessment is offered of the impact on scholarship of large-scale research projects such as Kassel and Austin's Poetae Comici Graeci and Koster et al.'s Scholia in Aristophanem, as well as the growing material evidence for Greek comedy, its context and reception. Some significant ongoing problems are identified which require further study.