bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleurography in Encapsulated Effusion
Authors: Möller A. , Widström O. 
Published: June 2015

Encapsulated pleural effusion was investigated radiographically in 4 patients by injection of a non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium (Amipaque) into the encapsulated site. Demonstration of the presence and extent of the cavities and their size and form was thereby achieved. Encapsulated pleural effusion may be suspected when chest radiography demonstrates a pleural abnormality that fluctuates in shape with respiration but retains its dorsal position in projections with the patient leaning forward (4, 5). The present report concerns the value of introduction of a non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium (Amipaque, Nyegaard) into the pleura for direct assessment of the extent of encapsulated pleural effusion. This simple procedure has not been described in the available literature, although it has been applied similarly in single isolated cases for other purposes (1–3).
Adverse Reactions to Intravascularly Administered Contrast Media
Authors: Olin T. 
Published: June 2015

A hypothesis is formulated about the mechanisms causing adverse reactions to contrast media. Contrast media act in two ways. They stimulate the mast cells to release histamine and leukotrienes, and they inhibit the enzymes which otherwise degrade leukotrienes. Thus individuals, especially those with a history of allergy, are easily exposed to undue amounts of leukotrienes and these are responsible for the adverse reactions. References
Iohexol and Metrizoate in Urography of Insulin Dependent Patients
Authors: Edgren J. , Laasonen L. , Groop P.-H. , Groop L. 
Published: June 2015

A double blind urographic study with the ionic contrast medium metrizoate or the non-ionic medium iohexol was perfomed on 69 insulin dependent diabetic patients. Metrizoate caused 24 per cent and iohexol 11 per cent mild adverse reactions and metrizoate a significant decrease in creatinine clearance values. Thus iohexol turned out to be better tolerated by these diabetic patients than metrizoate. References
Detection of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Christiansen Th. , Ravnsbæk J. , Tøttrup A. , Funch-Jensen P. , Thommesen P. 
Published: June 2015

In a prospective study a barium examination combined with food stimulation was compared with the acid reflux test in 30 consecutive patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Both methods were further compared with endoscopy and histology. Gastro-oesophageal reflux could be demonstrated by the radiologic examination in 22 patients and by the acid reflux test in 23 patients. By combining the two methods gastro-oesophageal reflux could be demonstrated in 27 patients. Comparing the two methods with symptoms, endoscopy, and histology they seemed to be of equal value. Accordingly, a food-stimulated barium examination is recommended as the first method for demonstrating gastro-oesophageal reflux because it is simple and well-tolerated by the patient. References
Computed Tomography of Pelvic Lipomatosis
Authors: Bååth L. , Nyman U. , Aspelin P. , Wadström L. 
Published: June 2015

Pelvic lipomatosis is a non-malignant condition of unknown etiology characterized by an overgrowth of non-encapsulated fatty tissue in the perirectal and perivesical spaces of the pelvis. The symptoms are generally vague and the condition is often diagnosed accidentally. It may cause obstruction of the ureters, inferior vena cava and pelvic veins and may be associated with cystitis glandularis. The typical conventional radiographic findings, though not pathognomonic, are a high-positioned and pear-shaped bladder, tubular narrowing of the rectum and distal sigmoid colon and reduced attenuation of the pelvic soft tissues. Computed tomography demonstrates a non-encapsulated fatty mass surrounding the pelvic organs symmetrically and with an attenuation similar to that of subcutaneous fat. The fatty tissue may contain strands with a higher attenuation than that of fat. The findings at computed tomography seem to be pathognomonic for this condition and eliminate the need for routine surgical biopsies. References
The Topographic Relations of the High Jugular Fossa to the Inner Ear
Authors: Wadin K. , Wilbrand H. 
Published: June 2015

The radioanatomy of high jugular fossae and their topographic relations to the inner ear structures were investigated in 245 unselected temporal bones. One hundred and fifty specimens were submitted to multidirectional and 10 to computed tomography. After careful chemical and fermentative maceration plastic casts were made, using polyester resin and silicone rubber. With the use of vacuum, even minute structures became filled with the casting material. The specimens offered a three-dimensional view of the jugular fossae and surrounding structures. Fifty-eight (24%) of the total 245 specimens had high jugular fossae at a level above the lower border of the round window. Five casts showed a dehiscence of the peripheral portion of the vestibular aqueduct caused by the high jugular fossa. In 2 casts the proximal portion of the cochlear aqueduct was affected. In some casts the posterior semicircular canal, the facial canal, the stapedial muscle and the round window lay so close to the fossa that a dehiscence could not be excluded. In a clinical material of 102 high fossae the radiographic findings were in accordance with the experimental results. High jugular fossae were predominantly found in pyramids with low-grade mastoid bone pneumatization and sparse or no perilabyrinthine air cells. References
MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Honda H. , Onitsuka H. , Kanazawa Y. , Matsumata T. , Hayashi T. , Kaneko K. , Fukuya T. , Tateshi Y. , Adachi E. , Masuda K. 
Published: June 2015

In order to clarify the factors contributing to the signal intensities (SIs) of HCC on T1-weighted images, the amount of water, lipid, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) was determined in HCC and surrounding hepatic parenchyma of 13 patients. The relationships among these findings, the histopathologic findings, and the SIs of T1-weighted images were evaluated. Among the 13 HCC, 3 had a high SI, 5 were isointense, and 5 had a low SI on T1-weighted images compared to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. The paramagnetic ions which contributed to the SI patterns were assumed to be Cu in HCC (38.0±62.4 μg/g ww), and Fe in the liver (61.1±42.4 μg/g ww) and HCC (40.0±34.3 μg/g ww). In 8 HCC with high- or isointensity, 2 were grades I, 5 were grade II, and one was grade III according to the Edmondson-Steiner's histopathologic classification. It is concluded that the SI patterns alone can not be a sign of low grade malignancy because of the existence of Fe in livers and HCC.
Low-Field MR Imaging of the Spine
Authors: Drejer J. , Thomsen H. S. , Tanttu J. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To evaluate a new steady-state sequence in the delineation of the various structures in the spine at low-field MR imaging with a very high homogeneity of the main field. Methods: 49 patients underwent 53 examinations with both a traditional T1-weighted gradient-echo (PS) sequence and a new completely balanced steady-state 3-D (CBASS3D) sequence; 20 examinations included the cervical spine, 8 the thoracic spine and 25 the lumbar spine. All 106 examinations were reviewed twice regarding visibility of selected structures in the spinal region and diagnostic usefulness. Results: The CBASS3D sequence delineated the medulla, nerve roots, CSF, the intervertebral discs and the posterior longitudinal ligament significantly better than the PS sequence. Disc hernia was also better visualised (p<0.01). There were significantly more artefacts on images obtained with the CBASS3D sequence, but they were usually outside the region of interest and occurred less frequently over time due to increased experience of the staff. Both reviewers found the diagnostic usefulness of CBASS3D to be superior compared to that of PS and excellent for diagnostic purposes. Conclusion: The CBASS3D sequence is a considerable improvement in the visualisation of degenerative changes of the spine at low-field MR imaging.
Survival of Patients after Resection for Lung Cancer
Authors: Lähde S. , Rainio P. , Bloigu R. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:The predictive value of staging of primary lung cancer by CT and thoracotomy with respect to survival was assessed in a series of 151 consecutive patients.Material and Methods:The new international staging system for lung cancer was used, with an additional indeterminate stage employed for cases in which a definite classification was impossible by CT.Results:The survival rate curves for the stage groups assessed at CT and thoracotomy showed moderate to good parallelism. The patients with tumor stage I at thoracotomy but indeterminate or IIIa at CT had a significantly lower survival rate than those scored stage I at both. It was concluded that a sign of tumor spread obtained at any of the investigations should lead to an active approach, increasing the radicality of surgery or omitting noncurative operations.
Dynamic Range Control Processing of Digital Chest Images
Authors: Ikezoe J. , Takeuchi N. , Kido S. , Kondoh H. , Johkoh T. , Kohno N. , Arisawa J. , Kozuka T. , Tanaka H. , Nakajima N. , Kato H. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The clinical usefulness of an advanced image-processing system called “dynamic range control processing” was investigated, with which selected parts of the dynamic range of digital chest images could be controlled. Material and Methods: A comparative study of 3 different post-processed formats of storage phosphor (SR) images was performed in 35 patients with abnormalities in the chest. The 3 formats were SR images with standard mode (SR-standard), SR images with strong edge-enhancement (SR-enhanced), and dynamic range controlled SR images (SR-controlled). Results: For lung abnormalities, there was no difference among the 3 SR image formats. For normal mediastinal structures and lung abnormalities covered by the heart or diaphragm, SR-controlled and SR-enhanced images were significantly superior to SR-standard images, while no difference was found between SR-controlled and SR-enhanced images except for the trachea and bony structures. Conclusion: Dynamic range control processing appears to be a useful method for displaying SR chest images with an extremely wide dynamic range.
Fast Spin-ECHO MR Assessment of Patients with Poor Outcome following Spinal Cervical Surgery
Authors: Wu W. , Thuomas K.-Å. , Hedlund R. , Leszniewski W. , Vavruch L. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The aim of the investigation was to evaluate poor outcome following spinal cervical surgery. Material and Methods: A total of 146 consecutive patients operated with anterior discectomy and fusion (ADF) with the Cloward technique were investigated. Clinical notes, plain radiography, CT, and fast spin-echo (FSE) images were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Some 30% of the patients had unsatisfactory clinical results within 12 months after surgery; 13% had initial improvement followed by deterioration of the preoperative symptoms, while 14.4% were not improved or worsened. Disc herniation and bony stenosis above, below, or at the fused level were the most common findings. In 45% of patients, surgery failed to decompress the spinal canal. In only 4 patients was no cause of remaining myelopathy and/or radiculopathy found. FSE demonstrated a large variety of pathological findings in the patients with poor clinical outcome after ADF. Postoperatively, patients with good clinical outcome had a lower incidence of pathological changes. Conclusion: FSE is considered the primary imaging modality for the cervical spine. However, CT is a useful complement in the axial projection to visualize bone changes.
MR Imaging in Solvent-Induced Chronic Toxic Encephalopathy
Authors: Thuomas K.-Å. , Möller C. , Ödkvist L. M. , Flodin U. , Dige N. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To use MR to examine patients with CNS symptoms indicating chronic intoxication. Material and Methods: Thirty-two subjects exposed to industrial solvents for 5 to 28 years and 40 age-matched, healthy controls were examined. Results: All patients showed decreased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images. In 11 of the patients the white matter showed diffuse hyperintensity with loss of the grey-white matter discrimination and with distinct periventricular hyperintensities in 5 of the patients. The controls had no pathological changes in the brain. Conclusion: Although the relatively small number of patients may obscure the significance, findings observed on T2-weighted images were patchy periventricular hyperintensities and hypointensities in the basal ganglia. Fast spin-echo is a good technique with fast acquisition of images with true spin-echo contrast features.
A Simple Way to Indicate Pulmonary Nodules at Thoracoscopic Wedge Resections
Authors: Denbratt L. , Svanvik J. , Rådberg G. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Small pulmonary subpleural nodules are sometimes difficult to localise at thoracotomy. With the advent of minimal invasive surgery, thoracoscopic resection avoiding anterolateral thoracotomy is an attractive procedure. Since this technique does not allow manual palpation, preoperative indication of lesions is mandatory. A simple and cost-effective system for preoperative CT-guided localisation of small subpleural nodules before thoracoscopic resection is described. Material and Methods: The system consists of a 0.2-mm steel wire 30–40 cm in length and a 0.9-mm biopsy needle. The tip of the wire is bent to a hook, and, guided by CT, it is placed in the vicinity of the lesion. The technique was tested in 8 cases. Results: The procedure was possible to perform in 7 patients. In all instances the wire remained in place when the lung was collapsed during the thoracoscopic procedure. The staple resected part of the lung also contained the lesion when examined extracorporeally. Conclusion: This simple and inexpensive system was found to be useful for indication of pulmonary lesions at thoracoscopic wedge resections.
CT and MR Imaging of the Liver Using Liver-Specific Contrast Media
Authors: Leander P. , Månsson S. , Ege T. , Besjakov J. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: A new type of liposomal liver-specific contrast medium (CM) in CT was studied, and the results were compared with those obtained with Mn-DPDP, a paramagnetic hepatobiliary CM, in MR imaging. The contrasts of normal liver tissue to tumorous tissue and the importance of the CM for tumour detection in the 2 modalities were studied in a rabbit tumour model. CT and T1-weighted pre- and postcontrast and T2-weighted MR images precontrast were obtained. Material, Methods and Results: Compared to precontrast images, significantly higher contrasts of normal liver tissue to tumorous tissue were obtained after CM administration in both CT and MR examinations. At radiologic evaluation, significantly more tumours were detected after CM administration in CT and in T1-weighted MR images than in precontrast images in CT and T1-weighted MR. There were no significant differences in tumour detection frequency in MR studies including a T2-weighted pulse sequence, postcontrast CT, or postcontrast T1-weighted MR imaging. Conclusion: The use of liver-specific CM improves visualization of liver tumours in CT and T1-weighted MR imaging.
Evaluation of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Contrast MRA Sequences at 1.0 T for Diagnosis of Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Cronqvist M. , Ståhlberg F. , Larsson E.-M. , Lönntoft M. , Holtås S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose and Material: The aim of this work was, firstly, to compare different manufacturer-provided MRA sequences in a 1.0 T MR unit, with respect to the visibility of an artificial stenosis in a flow phantom and, secondly, to evaluate the same sequences in healthy volunteers with respect to S/N ratio levels and practical in vivo implementation routines. Methods: The studied sequences were 2D and 3D TOF and sequences with an acquisition time of approximately 10 min. Quantitative signal evaluation was made using single transverse partitions in all phantom experiments. MIP angiograms and MPR reconstructions were made for visual inspection of image quality. In vivo, the images were individually evaluated by visual inspection by experienced neuroradiologists. Results: In the evaluation of the grade and length of a stenosis, a combination of MIP and MPR was seen to be the optimal and necessary procedure. A shortening of TE played an important and significant role in the visualization of the poststenotic flow in the phantom using TOF MRA. However, the shortest TE values gave poor S/N ratio in vivo. The good results achieved in the phantom studies for 3D phase-contrast were somewhat reversed in the volunteer studies, whereas 3D TOF sequences showed good results in both the phantom and the volunteer studies.
Examination Technique, Image Quality, and Patient Dose in Paediatric Radiology
Authors: Almén A. , Lööf M. , Mattsson S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Investigation of examination technique, image quality, and absorbed dose to the patients in paediatric radiology. Material and Methods: In total, 19 Swedish hospitals participated in the study. Using a questionnaire, the hospitals described their examination technique for the pelvis, urinary tract, colon, scoliosis, and lung. The image quality and patient dose were experimentally studied for the simulated pelvis examination of a 1-year-old child. This examination was carried out with a test object containing a contrast-detail phantom. TL dosimeters were used to determine the absorbed dose on the surface of the phantom, approximately corresponding to the absorbed dose on the surface of the patient. Results: Examination techniques varied considerably among the hospitals, the most striking difference concerning the film-screen sensitivity. Consequently, there was a variation in the absorbed dose on the surface of the phantom, from 0.09 mGy to 1.7 mGy (mean 0.65 mGy). For a large range of doses, 0.4–1.7 mGy, the image quality was not significantly different. Conclusion: The unharmonized, and in many places unoptimized, examination techniques led to a great variation in the absorbed dose to the children examined.
Clinical Impact of Adrenal Expansive Lesions in Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: Eggesbø H. B. , Hansen G. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of adrenal expansive lesions in patients with bronchial carcinoma, and assess the relationships among adrenal masses, TNM classification, and histology of the bronchial carcinoma, and to reveal other signs of inoperability in these patients. Material and Methods: CT findings of the thorax and upper abdomen in 96 patients with bronchial carcinoma were reviewed. Brain- and upper abdominal metastases, together with TNM classification and histology of the bronchial carcinoma, was recorded. CT was performed with 10-mm slice thickness from the thorax aperture to the renal hilum under i.v. contrast medium injection. Results: Eight adrenal expansive lesions (1.5–10 cm, mean 4.6 cm) were revealed in 6 of the 96 patients (6.3%). Two of these patients, classified as N0, had metastases in other organs; one had brain metastases and the other liver metastases. The bronchial carcinomas in the remaining 4 patients were classified as N3. Three of the patients had adenocarcinoma, one each of small-cell-, large-cell-, and unclassified bronchial carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma was most common in the total patient population, but no patient with adrenal masses showed this histologic type. Conclusion: The finding of adrenal expansive lesions in bronchial carcinoma has little clinical impact, because these patients usually show other signs of inoperability. Hence, the value of upper abdominal CT as a routine examination is questionable.
Focal Residual Contrast Media in the Kidney 24 Hours after Angiography
Authors: Yamazaki H. , Oi H. , Matsushita M. , Koizumi M. , Kagawa K. , Tanaka E. , Murayama S. , Nose T. , Teshima T. , Inoue T. A. , Inoue T. O. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To examine the relationship between focal renal cortical retention (FRCR) and contrast-associated nephropathy (CAN). Material and Methods: We investigated the incidence of both phenomena in 105 patients. CAN was defined as an increase in the creatinine level >0.3 mg/dl and >20% on days 1, 3, or 7. We compared predisposing factors for FRCR and CAN. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) for renal function were determined on the morning of the day of the angiography. The BUN/creatinine ratio was used as an indicator of the degree of hydration. Results: FRCR was demonstrated in 17 patients (16%) by delayed CT 24 h after angiography, and CAN was found in 16 patients (15%). No significant relationship between CAN and FRCR was found. We found a correlation between high total volumes of contrast and FRCR. Advanced age, high blood urea nitrogen, high creatinine, and dehydration were risk factors for CAN. Conclusion: Delayed CT showed a higher incidence of injury to the renal parenchyma than previously detected by conventional radiography.
Ultrasound and Soft-Tissue Radiography to Monitor Local Interferon-α2B Treatment in Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Andresen R. , Wegner H. E. H. , Banzer D. , Miller K. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: We attempted to assess objectively the response of Peyronie's disease plaques to local interferon-α2B. Material and Methods: Twenty patients were treated with 5 local injections of 1 million units of IFN-α2B into a single designated plaque. Before treatment, and 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment, the plaques were examined ultrasonographically. Each time, a histogram profile was performed. All patients also underwent soft-tissue radiography in 2 planes using the mammography technique before and 6 months after treatment. Results: We found that with ultrasonography the plaques could be classified into 3 groups depending on degree of calcification, from nil to complete. Radiography detected calcifications better than ultrasonography but failed to detect plaques without calcification. The degree of calcification was negatively correlated with the response to treatment, since noncalcified plaques responded best, while fully calcified plaques failed to respond. Conclusion: In Peyronie's disease, ultrasonography is an important tool for non-invasive monitoring treatment response and for preselecting patients for medical treatment.
Effects of the Low-Osmolality Contrast Medium Ioversol (Optiray) on Renal Function in a Geriatric Population
Authors: Louvel J.-P. , Primard E. , Henry J. , Houlette C. , Weinstein A. , Janvresse A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To assess the incidence of nephrotoxicity following i.v. injection of the iodinated low-osmolality contrast medium ioversol 300 (Optiray) in a geriatric population compared with a control group aged under 60 years, neither group presenting any associated risk factors. Material and Methods: CT with i.v. bolus injection of ioversol 300 mg I/ml was performed at a mean dose of 1.36±0.06 ml/kg (range 1–2 ml/kg b.w.) in 47 patients aged over 69 years. Serum creatinine level was measured and creatinine clearance was calculated at 24, 48 and 72 h after the examination, and compared to a reference serum creatinine value taken before CT. The findings were compared with a control group of 44 patients aged under 60 years. Results: No significant increase in serum creatinine (+0.6 mmol/l) or in creatinine clearance (+0.7 ml/min) was found during the course of 3 days after the injection. Only one patient (aged 82) presented an increase of 25% in serum creatinine (109 mmol/l). Conclusion: The trial did not demonstrate any significant difference between the 2 groups, although the elderly patients had a subclinical renal impairment revealed by the decrease of the initial creatinine clearance. The use of low-osmolality ioversol makes it possible to perform examination with an iodinated contrast agent without increasing the incidence of nephrotoxicity in elderly subjects.