bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runoff and the longitudinal distribution of macroinvertebrates in a glacier‐fed stream: implications for the effects of global warming
Authors: Jacobsen Dean , Cauvy‐Fraunie Sophie , Andino Patricio , Espinosa Rodrigo , Cueva Daniela , Dangles Olivier 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe downstream pattern in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages along glacier‐fed streams is a result of decreasing glacial influence on environmental conditions. However, meltwater run‐off shows temporal variation, reflected in differences in, for example, temperature, conductivity and turbidity. Consequently, depending on their run‐off patterns, comparable environmental conditions may occur at different distances along glacier‐fed streams. Our aim was to assess whether short‐term variations in glacial run‐off were reflected by changes in longitudinal distribution patterns of macroinvertebrates along a glacier‐fed stream in theEcuadorianAndes.We measured environmental parameters, obtained continuous gauging data, measured macroinvertebrate drift rate with an hourly resolution during glacial floods and sampled benthic macroinvertebratesc. 3‐monthly for 30 months at three sites at varying distances (0.1–4.3 km) from the glacier. For each sampling date, we fitted logarithmic equations to plots of taxon richness versus distance from the glacier, calculated similarity in assemblage composition between sites and calculated weighted averages of mid‐points of taxon distributions. These data were analysed in relation to mean maximum flow over the 45 days prior to sampling.Mean conductivity and temperature increased while turbidity decreased downstream. During glacial afternoon floods, conductivity decreased while temperature and turbidity increased. High flow moved maximal taxon richness downstream (reduced the slopes from logarithmic fits), while low flow made assemblages more downstream like (higher similarity with downstream assemblages). No significant relationships were found between weighted average distributions and flow. Drift rate (ind. h−1) increased by an order of magnitude at the onset of afternoon floods, and the taxa that contributed most to total drift were those whose benthic densities were most reduced by increases in flow.Our study provides hints as to how biological distribution patterns in glacier‐fed streams might be affected by more permanent changes in run‐off caused by glacial shrinkage. This study predicts a multidirectional shift in altitudinal/longitudinal species ranges, with a potential downward shift in species ranges as a consequence of global change.
Properties of low methoxyl pectin‐carboxymethyl cellulose based on montmorillonite nanocomposite films
Authors: Yu Wen‐Xi , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Hu Chang‐Ying , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn this study, the low methoxyl pectin‐carboxymethyl cellulose‐based montmorillonite (LMP‐CMC‐MMT, LCM) nanocomposite films with nine ratios of LMP:CMC (from 10:0 to 0:10) and different MMT contents (1–8 wt%) were prepared. The mechanical properties, colour, opacity and water vapour permeability (WVP) of composite films were investigated. The maximum of tensile strength (TS) of composite films was 39.85 ± 2.51 MPa at LMP:CMC ratio of 4:6 and 4 wt% MMT (LCM47), which indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds between MMT and LMP‐CMC. The reduction of WVP of the LCM47 composite film was 333% of that of the CMC film due to the tortuous path caused by MMT incorporation. LCM composite films had the higher b*‐ and ΔE*‐values and lower L*‐values in comparison with LMP‐CMC (LC) composite films. The LCM composite films showed a decrease in transparency as MMT content increased.
Activities of daily living and cognitive status: associations with urinary incontinence in Korea
Authors: Hong Gwi‐Ryung Son , Park Jeongok , Kang Hye‐Kyung , Palmer Mary H. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTUrinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition among nursing home (NH) residents and a major cause of undesirable health outcomes and high costs of care. The overall aim is to determine the association between activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive status among elderly residents with UI in NHs in Korea. Secondary analyses from a cross‐sectional study were performed in this study. Records of 221 elderly residents aged 65 or above who had no indwelling Foley catheter, were included. UI, ADL, cognitive status, depressive symptoms and co‐morbidities were measured through interviews with the residents and staff nurses. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the association between UI and ADL and cognitive status. The mean age of the participants was 80·3 (±7·2). Approximately 68% (n = 150) had UI based on information obtained from nurses. Age, gender, hypertension, arthritis, walking ability, ADL and cognitive status were significant factors in the univariate analyses. For the logistic regression model, ADL [odd ratio, 1·41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1·26–1·57] and cognitive status (odd ratio, 1·10; 95% CI, 1·02–1·18) remained significant predictors for UI, after controlling for demographics and co‐morbidities. The ability to perform ADL and cognitive status are two factors that are strongly associated with UI. Future studies should examine the impact of environmental and organizational factors on UI in NH residents in Korea to develop a comprehensive and culturally sensitive intervention for this population.
Return Migration Intentions in the Integration–Transnationalism Matrix
Authors: Carling Jørgen , Pettersen Silje Vatne 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article asks how return migration intentions are shaped by ties to the country of residence on the one hand, and ties to the country of origin on the other. We discuss these two sets of ties in terms of immigrant integration and transnationalism, respectively. A central tenet of the study is that, at the individual level, integration and transnationalism are neither related in a predictable way nor independent of each other. In our analysis we take methodological steps that reflect this argument, and introduce an integration–transnationalism matrix. In the empirical analysis we use quantitative survey data (N = 3,053) on ten large immigrant groups in Norway, collected by Statistics Norway in 2005–06. We find that it is the relative strength of integration and transnationalism that is decisive for return migration intentions.
Prevalence and predictors of fatigue in haemo‐oncological patients
Authors: Zordan R. , Manitta V. , Nandurkar H. , Cole‐Sinclair M. , Philip J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundFatigue is a common symptom in patients with advanced malignancy, and has been associated with both physiological and psychological factors in patients with solid tumours.AimThis study sought to explore the predictors of fatigue in a population with haematological malignancy.MethodsConsecutive outpatients and inpatients attending a haematology centre completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and clinical, treatment and demographic information were noted.ResultsOf 180 patients, fatigue was present in 69%, and causing considerable distress in 26%. Univariate analysis revealed fatigue was associated with poor performance status, low haemoglobin, feeling sad, worried, irritable and nervous. Multivariate modeling revealed that those factors predictive of fatigue were poor performance status, having active disease, feeling sad and irritable, while haemoglobin level was not predictive of fatigue.ConclusionsFatigue is a multidimensional symptom in patients with haematological malignancy whose presence must prompt a holistic assessment of potential contributors that goes beyond correction of haemoglobin levels.
Evolutionary changes in the integument of the onychophoranPlicatoperipatus jamaicensis(Peripatidae)
Authors: Oliveira Ivo de Sena , Lüter Carsten , Wolf Klaus W. , Mayer Georg 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe dorsal integument of nearly all species of Peripatidae—one of the two major subgroups of Onychophora (velvet worms)—typically exhibits 12 plicae (=annuli) per segment. The only exception might occur inPlicatoperipatus jamaicensis, from which 24 putative plicae per segment have been reported. Hence, the number of plicae might have been duplicated in this species. If so, one would expect that the structure of the duplicated plicae would resemble that of all other onychophoran species, and that the structures commonly associated with the plicae, including crater‐shaped papillae and hyaline organs, would also have been duplicated. To clarify whether there was indeed such duplication, we compared the structure of the integument in embryos and adults ofPl. jamaicensis(with the putative number of 24 plicae per segment) andPrincipapillatus hitoyensis(with the common number of 12 plicae per segment). Our scanning electron microscopic data revealed that embryos of both species have 12 plicae per segment. While this number persists in adults ofPr. hitoyensis, 12 additional rows of papillae (=pseudoplicae) occur in the dorsal integument in adults ofPl. jamaicensis. These pseudoplicae differ from the typical plicae of other onychophorans in that they are not equipped with primary papillae and are situated in furrows between the true plicae, as evidenced by the position of hyaline organs and crater‐shaped papillae. Our data further show that the number of the ventrolateral plicae, crater‐shaped papillae, and hyaline organs is similar in the two species studied. This suggests that the plicae have not been duplicated in the integument ofPl. jamaicensis, but rather that additional pseudoplicae have been inserted between the 12 original plicae. These pseudoplicae might have led to a denser package of dermal papillae in the dorsal integument ofPl. jamaicensis, but the functional significance of this evolutionary change is unknown.
The anatomy of Lepetella sierrai (Vetigastropoda, Lepetelloidea): implications for reproduction, feeding, and symbiosis in lepetellid limpets
Authors: Judge Jenna , Haszprunar Gerhard 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Lepetelloidea, a clade of small limpet‐shaped gastropods, can be used as a case study in continental margin and deep‐sea diversification. Lineages in this clade have been found associated with a combination of different substrates, including hydrothermal vents, seeps, wood, whale carcasses, polychaete tubes, chondrichthyan egg cases, seagrass rhizomes, algal holdfasts, crab carapaces, and sponges. Members of one lepetelloidean family, Lepetellidae, live on or inside empty tubes of members of the polychaete genus Hyalinoecia. The detailed morphology of a Mediterranean species, Lepetella sierrai Dantart & Luque 1944, was reconstructed in three dimensions from serial semi‐thin sections and compared with that of eleven other members of Lepetellidae. The hermaphroditic lepetellid limpets possessed a ciliated seminal groove, distinct testis and ovary with a common distal gonoduct, and a seminal receptacle containing mature sperm. A unique alimentary tract, with huge esophageal pouches, no true stomach, an extensive multilobed midgut, and short intestine, was present. Additionally, a bacteriocyte system throughout the entire mantle rim was revealed via light and transmission electron microscopy. This is the first recognized evidence for intracellular microbial symbiosis in lepetelloidean limpets. Semi‐thin sections showed evidence of a parasite, potentially a chitonophilid copepod, penetrating the body wall of the limpet. Hypotheses about reproductive biology, feeding, and symbiosis are presented based on anatomical features and knowledge of the habitat described herein.
Histochemical and Pharmacological Studies on Amine Mechanisms in the Umbilical Cord, Umbilical Vein and Ductus Venosus of the Human Fetus
Authors: Ehinger B. , Gennser G. , Owman Ch. , Persson H. , Sjöberg N.‐O. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe response in vitro of the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus to certain pharmacologically active drugs has been correlated with the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of this venous system in human fetuses of 20–24 weeks gestational age. No histochemically demonstrable adrenergic or cholinergic nerves occurred in the umbilical cord. In the intra‐abdominal part of the umbilical vein an increasing amount of adrenergic nerves were present in direction towards the ductus venosus. A distinct accumulation of adrenergic nerves was observed at the origin of the ductus venosus, concomitant with an increased thickness of the smooth muscle wall of the vessel. Few, if any, acetylcholinesterase‐containing fibres could be demonstrated in relation to the umbilical vein or ductus venosus. Noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine produced a contractile response in the intra‐abdominal portion of the umbilical vein as well as in the first part of the ductus venosus. The noradrenaline response could be reproduced by tyramine and abolished by phenoxybenzamine, which potentiated the contraction induced by 5‐hydroxytryptamine. Atropine inhibited the effect of acetylcholine, but not that of noradrenaline. The presence of aminergic nerves is not indispensable for the existence of vascular smooth muscle receptors for the amines. The accumulation of adrenergic nerves and smooth muscle cells in the wall at the origin of the ductus venosus supports the theory of an adrenergic sphincter mechanism at this by‐pass.
Effect of Reserpine on the Urinary Excretion and the Tissue Levels of Noradrenaline in the Rat1
Authors: Andén Nils‐Erik , Henning Matts 
Published: July 2014

AbstractReserpine (10 mg/kg i.p.) caused a reduction to about 10 per cent of the normal in the amount of noradrenaline excreted in the urine by adreno‐demedullated rats. After 48 hrs the noradrenaline excretion had increased significantly (P<0.005) to about 30 per cent and after 72 hrs to about 55 per cent of normal. Simultaneously with these increases the sympathetic nerve function is restored partially and completely, respectively. The noradrenaline levels of sympathetically innervated organs were reduced almost completely after the reserpine injection and there was no significant change of them at the time of the functional recovery. Similar results were obtained when an additional dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.) was given 72 hrs after the first one.
Nervous Control of Urinary Bladder in Cats
Authors: Edvardsen Per 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe volume threshold for micturition is altered by transection of the brain stem at various levels and also by section of the sympathetic nerves to the bladder. The aim of the present experiments has been to investigate whether the supraspinal influences are brought about by means of changes in peripheral sympathetic mechanisms. Mostly male cats were investigated using the ‘direct cystometry’ method. Cystometrograms obtained preoperatively were compared with those obtained after peripheral sympathectomy and during the phase of increased motility following laparotomy. Then the effects of brain stem transection on the micturition threshold in the presence and absence of sympathetic innervation were compared. The peripheral factor responsible for eliciting the micturition reflex was found to be the tension in the bladder wall as assessed from the intravesical pressure. The lower volume threshold found after sympathectomy is due to the hypertonicity of the bladder following this procedure. The tonic supraspinal influence on the micturition reflex, on the other hand, was not altered by interruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the bladder. Thus, the expulsion of urine is controlled by two different mechanisms, namely a peripheral regulation of the tension in the bladder wall and a supraspinal regulation of the micturition reflex threshold.
Effect of Reserpine on the Noradrenaline Content of the Vas Deferens and the Seminal Vesicle Compared with the Submaxillary Gland and the Heart of the Rat
Authors: Sjöstrand Nils O. , Swedin GÖRAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA low dose (50 μg/kg) of reserpine was used in order to elucidate the possible difference in rate of noradrenaline depletion between the male genital organs, the submaxillary gland and the heart of the rat. Reserpine reduced the noradrenaline content of the male genital organs more slowly and less completely than that of the submaxillary gland and the heart. There were no differences in reserpine sensitivity between innervated and decentralized genital organs. The decentralized submaxillary gland, however, showed a tendency to less rapid initial depletion when compared with the innervated gland. It is suggested that the differences in depletion rate could be due to different properties of the short adrenergic neurons innervating the genital organs when compared with the ordinary long ones to the heart and the salivary gland. Another contributing factor may be differences in blood flow through the organs. It is further suggested that the genital organs have a lower sympathetic nerve impulse frequency in vivo.
Flexibility in Water Resources Management: Review of Concepts and Development of Assessment Measures for Flood Management Systems
Authors: DiFrancesco Kara N. , Tullos Desiree D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDiscussions around adapting water management systems to climate change often express the need to increase system flexibility. Yet despite the frequent use of the term flexibility, very little work has examined what exactly it means to have a flexible water management system, what features of a system make it more flexible than another system, or when the costs to implement flexible options outweigh the benefits gained from increased flexibility. To define and operationalize the concept of flexibility in the field of water resources management, this article reviews and analyzes concepts of flexibility from the fields of information technology, manufacturing, management, and adaptive social‐ecological systems. We identify five characteristics of flexible water resources systems, namely: slack, redundancy, connectivity, compatibility/coordination, and adjustability. We then operationalize the assessment of flexibility for flood management systems by proposing original flexibility metrics and discussing their application. We conclude with a discussion on the tradeoffs of increasing flexibility.
Application of a Modified Health Belief Model to the Pro‐Environmental Behavior of Private Well Water Testing
Authors: Straub Crista L. , Leahy Jessica E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA social cognition model of health behavior, the health belief model, was applied to the pro‐environmental behavior of private well water testing. Conceptualizing environmental behaviors as health behaviors may provide new insight into pro‐environmental behavior change. A groundwater education program was provided to K‐12 children throughout New England. Both child participants and their parents completed surveys pertaining to private well water behavior. Results indicate that perceived barriers and socioeconomic status significantly influenced past well water testing of parent participants. Perceived barriers included: participants' concern related to the cost of treating their water, and how a well water problem would influence their property value. Parent participants also indicated that they would perform future well water testing if they received a reminder cue to action that might include: getting a discount or reminder in the mail, if a well testing program was available, and state or local requirement. Our findings reinforce the need for continued private well water research and parallels to additional environmental behaviors.
Geographical patterns in the body‐size structure of European lake fish assemblages along abiotic and biotic gradients
Authors: Emmrich Matthias , Pédron Stéphanie , Brucet Sandra , Winfield Ian J. , Jeppesen Erik , Volta Pietro , Argillier Christine , Lauridsen Torben L. , Holmgren Kerstin , Hesthagen Trygve , Mehner Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimOur aim was to document geographical patterns of variation in the body‐size structure of European lake fish assemblages along abiotic gradients, and any differences in fish assemblage structure. We hypothesized that patterns in the body‐size structure of entire lake fish assemblages are primarily temperature driven and consistent with the dominant pattern of the temperature–size rule, which suggests a decrease in adult body size with increasing developmental temperature for many ectothermic species.Location356 European lakes.MethodsVariation in the body‐size structure of fish assemblages was explored on a continental scale along gradients of temperature, morphometry, productivity and fish assemblage structure for 356 European lakes. The mean fish assemblage body‐size and individual body‐size distributions were selected as size metrics. Separate analyses were conducted for lakes located within five ecoregion subsets (Borealic Uplands/Tundra, FennoScandian Shield, Central Plains, Western Plains and Western Highlands) and for lakes with different functional fish classifications (cold‐, cool‐ and warmwater fish assemblages).ResultsGeographical patterns of variation in the body‐size structure of European lake fish assemblages could be clearly discerned along a temperature gradient for both the continental dataset (356 lakes) and the smaller geographical (ecoregion) subsets. We found systematic changes in fish assemblage body‐size structure across temperature gradients in correspondence with the dominant thermal fish guild. The majority of the lakes, mainly located in the warmer European lowlands, were dominated by eurythermic cool‐ and warmwater fish assemblages, with smaller sized individuals characterized by linear individual body‐size distributions. Lakes located in colder regions and dominated by stenothermic coldwater salmonids with larger sized individuals were characterized by unimodal or bimodal size distributions. The mean body size of cold‐, cool‐ and warmwater fish assemblages changed uniformly along the temperature gradient.Main conclusionsPatterns of variation in the body‐size structure of European lake fish assemblages are consistent with the temperature–size rule. Temperature modifies fish assemblage size structure uniformly within the thermal fish guilds and in different ecoregions. Furthermore, our results indicate an increasing predictive power of temperature to explain variability in body‐size structure when moving from warmer to colder geographical regions.
Serum supplemented culture medium masks hypertrophic phenotypes in human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dambrot Cheryl , Braam Stefan R. , Tertoolen Leon G. J. , Birket Matthew , Atsma Douwe E. , Mummery Christine L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt has been known for over 20 years that foetal calf serum can induce hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes but this is rarely considered when examining cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSC). Here, we determined how serum affected cardiomyocytes from human embryonic‐ (hESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and hiPSC from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy linked to a mutation in the MYBPC3 gene. We first confirmed previously published hypertrophic effects of serum on cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes demonstrated as increased cell surface area and beating frequency. We then found that serum increased the cell surface area of hESC‐ and hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes and their spontaneous contraction rate. Phenylephrine, which normally induces cardiac hypertrophy, had no additional effects under serum conditions. Likewise, hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes from three MYBPC3 patients which had a greater surface area than controls in the absence of serum as predicted by their genotype, did not show this difference in the presence of serum. Serum can thus alter the phenotype of human PSC derived cardiomyocytes under otherwise defined conditions such that the effects of hypertrophic drugs and gene mutations are underestimated. It is therefore pertinent to examine cardiac phenotypes in culture media without or in low concentrations of serum.