bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La théologie dans les limites de l'institution
Authors: Jobin Guy 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Les institutions laïques publiques constituent un lieu d’engagement pour les citoyens croyants. Et pourtant, ces institutions exigent la mise entre parenthèses des convictions appuyées sur des « doctrines englobantes », selon l’expression de John Rawls. Les citoyens croyants sont soumis à des normativités institutionnelles qui confrontent leurs valeurs et, partant, leur identité de croyant. Comment réagissent-ils à ces inévitables chocs axiologiques ? Quels déplacements ou quelles recompositions identitaires ces engagements suscitent-ils ? Quelle forme théologique d’accompagnement peut être pertinente dans de tels contextes institutionnels ?
Le baptême chrétien : identité et institution
Authors: Causse Jean-Daniel 
Published: September 2012

Résumé En quoi le baptême chrétien permet-il de penser, sur un plan anthropologique, les rapports entre sujet et institution ? C’est la question que Jean-Daniel Causse déploie en relevant d’abord que le recours à la notion d’identité n’est pas aujourd’hui sans poser problème. Non seulement cette notion est politiquement instrumentalisée, mais elle compose aussi les figures imaginaires d’un soi personnel et collectif qui sont à la fois intégratives et excluantes. Le baptême chrétien n’échappe pas à ce dispositif ; toutefois, il constitue également une façon singulière de nouer le sujet et l’institution. Pour en rendre compte, l’auteur développe trois éléments à propos d’une identité baptismale : une marque invisible laissée à la surface du corps, une procédure de nomination et un acte de signature. Cette triple définition du baptême permet alors de saisir un sujet qui, invité à ne pas se confondre avec des représentations de lui-même, peut travailler à des formes dynamiques et instituées de la vie collective.
Identité croyante et croyance identitaire
Authors: Gaziaux Éric 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Identité croyante et croyance identitaire : quelle foi pour quelle identité ? La présente contribution étudie la possibilité pour la théologie d’être accompagnatrice des sujets dans leur parcours existentiel en traitant spécifiquement de la question des relations entre l’éthique et la foi. Pour ce faire, le premier point décrit le contexte contemporain dans lequel se pose actuellement la question de l’identité. Ce point permet de repérer quelques lieux de confrontation et d’énoncer des déplacements significatifs entre une morale dite « traditionnelle » et l’ambiance post-ou ultra-moderne qui caractérise notre monde contemporain. Le deuxième temps explore la possibilité de la proposition de foi dans un tel monde via la notion de l’instabilité fondatrice du christianisme, tandis que le troisième temps dégage quelques implications éthiques du parcours réalisé.
Increased Memory Differentiation Is Associated with Decreased Polyfunctionality for HIV but Not for Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Riou Catherine , Treurnicht Florette , Abrahams Melissa-Rose , Mlisana Koleka , Liu Michael K. P. , Goonetilleke Nilu , Koup Richard , Roederer Mario , Abdool Karim Salim , de Bruyn Guy , Williamson Carolyn , Gray Clive M. , Burgers Wendy A. ,   the CAPRISA 002 Study Team
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The generation of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells, in response to vaccination or natural infection, has been associated with improved protective immunity. However, it is unclear whether the maintenance of polyfunctionality is related to particular cellular phenotypic characteristics. To determine whether the cytokine expression profile is linked to the memory differentiation stage, we analyzed the degree of polyfunctionality of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells within different memory subpopulations in 20 antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1–infected individuals at ∼34 wk postinfection. These profiles were compared with CMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in HIV-uninfected control subjects and in individuals chronically infected with HIV. Our results showed that the polyfunctional abilities of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells differed according to their memory phenotype. Early-differentiated cells (CD45RO+CD27+) exhibited a higher proportion of cells positive for three or four functions (p &lt; 0.001), and a lower proportion of monofunctional cells (p &lt; 0.001) compared with terminally differentiated (TD; CD45RO−CD27−) HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. The majority of TD HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were monofunctional (median 69% [interquartile range: 57–83]), producing predominantly CD107a or MIP1β. Moreover, proportions of HIV-specific monofunctional CD8+ T cells positively associated with proportions of TD HIV-specific CD8+ T cells (p = 0.019, r = 0.54). In contrast, CMV-specific CD8+ T cell polyfunctional capacities were similar across all memory subpopulations, with terminally and early-differentiated cells endowed with comparable polyfunctionality. Overall, these data show that the polyfunctional abilities of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are influenced by the stage of memory differentiation, which is not the case for CMV-specific responses.
Predictors of Relapse in a Bupropion Trial for Smoking Cessation in Recently-Abstinent Alcoholics: Preliminary Results Using an Aggregate Genetic Risk Score
Authors: McGeary John E. , Knopik Valerie S. , Hayes John E. , Palmer Rohan H. , Monti Peter M. , Kalman David 
Published: September 2012

Introduction Rates of smoking in the US population have decreased overall, but rates in some groups, including alcoholic smokers, remain high. Many newly sober alcoholics are concerned about their smoking and some attempt to quit. However, quit rates in this population are low. Prior studies suggest risk for relapse in this population may be genetically influenced and that genetic factors may moderate response to treatment. Methods In this exploratory study, we had two specific aims: (1) to investigate associations between genetic risk and outcome; (2) to investigate whether genetic risk moderates the efficacy of a medication intervention. Data are from a subsample of 90 participants from a clinical trial of smoking cessation treatment for smokers with between 2 and 12 months of alcohol abstinence. Subjects were randomly assigned to bupropion or placebo. All subjects received counseling and nicotine patches. To examine the possibility that bupropion may have been efficacious in participants with a specific genetic profile (ie, a pharmacogenetic approach), an aggregate genetic risk score was created by combining risk genotypes previously identified in bupropion treatment studies. Results Although medication efficacy was not moderated by the aggregate genetic risk score, there was an interaction between nicotine dependence and genetic risk in predicting smoking abstinence rates at the end of treatment (10 weeks). Conclusions Results suggest an aggregate genetic risk score approach may have utility in treatment trials of alcoholics who smoke. Additionally, these findings suggest a strategy for understanding and interpreting conflicting results for single genetic markers examined as moderators of smoking cessation treatment.
Dental Caries Prevalence among 3- to 14-Year-Old School Children, Uran, Raigad District, Maharashtra
Authors: Sevekar Shrirang , Shingare Poonam , Jogani Vivek , Patil Sonal , Jha Mihir 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTSchools remain an important setting offering an efficient and effective way to reach over 1 billion children worldwide and, through them, families and community members. This study is planned to assess the prevalence of dental caries in primary and secondary school students in rural area of Uran, so as to provide baseline data for planning intervention programs that will assist in reducing the prevalence of dental diseases. The study is designed to include 472 school children, which will be examined by basic examination instruments and scored according to World Health Organization criteria.How to cite this articleShingare P, Jogani V, Sevekar S, Patil S, Jha M. Dental Caries Prevalence among 3- to 14-Year- Old School Children, Uran, Raigad District, Maharashtra. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):11-14.
Multilocular Radiolucency in the Body of Mandible: A Systematic Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Gadda Rohit B , Patil Neha , Salvi Rohini 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTMultilocular radiolucencies are produced by multiple, adjacent, frequently coalescing and overlapping pathologic compartments in bone. A number of lesions produce multilocular radiolucencies of the jaws. These are more common in the mandible as compared to the maxilla. To help the practitioner arrive at a working (clinical) diagnosis through the differential diagnosis process a systematic approach is needed. We present a case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma of the mandible and the possible lesions considered in the differential diagnosis to arrive at a clinical diagnosis.How to cite this articleGadda RB, Patil N, Salvi R. Multilocular Radiolucency in the Body of Mandible: A Systematic Diagnostic Approach. J Contemp Dent 2012;2(2):39-42.
Emergency department visits by patients with venous thromboembolism, 1998-2009
Authors: Yusuf Hussain , Tsai James , Siddiqi Azfar-E-Alam , Boulet Sheree , Soucie J. Michael 
Published: September 2012

Background: Substantial morbidity and mortality may result from venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Many VTE cases are diagnosed in outpatient settings, such as emergency departments. The purpose of this study was to estimate and characterize emergency department visits by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE. Methods: Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for the years 1998-2009 were analyzed. NHAMCS uses a complex multistage design to sample non-federal short-term care hospitals across the United States. Emergency department visits with a primary diagnosis of VTE were identified using ICD-9-CM codes indicating a primary diagnosis of DVT or PE. Results: Between 2006-2009, an annual average of 201,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 152,000-251,000) emergency department visits were made in the U.S. by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE as per the criteria used in this study, which was a rate of approximately 67 (95% CI 50-83) per 100,000 population. The rates during 1998-2001 and 2002-2005 were 31 (95% CI 21-40) and 46 (95% CI 35-57), respectively. The rate of visits with a primary diagnosis of VTE was higher among patients >61 years of age, when compared to younger patients. Among visits between 1998-2009, selected characteristics that differed between visits by patents with and without a primary diagnosis of VTE included the patient having been discharged from a hospital in the past seven days (11.7%, vs. 2.1%, p<0.01). Conclusion: A substantial number of emergency department visits are made by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE. Groups with higher likelihood of VTE related visits may include older adults and those recently discharged from a hospital.
A simple descriptive analysis of hospital admissions’ progress: a case study of the Greatest Public Gene- ral Hospital, Athens, Greece
Authors: Boutsioli Zoe 
Published: September 2012

This paper studies the progress of hospital admissions over the time period 1995-2005 for the largest Greek general public hospital. Daily admissions data, disaggregated into elective and emergency were collected from the IT Department of the hospital. Great seasonality for hospital admissions was found. They reduce during weekends, the summer months and official holidays. Emergency admissions are at their peak in the beginning of the week and decline afterwards. During weekends, emergency admissions decrease by 25%. The majority of hospital elective admissions enter into the hospital from Monday to Thursday. During Friday and weekends, elective hospital admissions fall sharply, by 63%. However, on Sunday, they slightly increase. The mean number of total hospital admissions increased by 17% from 1995 to 2005. This increase in total admissions results from the significant increase of elective admissions (by 56%) and not from the emergency admissions that fell by 17%.
The development of on-farm welfare assessment protocols for foxes and mink: the WelFur project
Authors: Mononen J , Møller SH , Hansen SW , Hovland AL , Koistinen T , Lidfors L , Malmkvist J , Vinke CM , Ahola L 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe WelFur project aims at the development of on-farm welfare assessment protocols for farmed foxes (the blue fox[Vulpes lagopus], the silver fox[Vulpes vulpes]) and mink(Neovison vison). The WelFur protocols are based on Welfare Quality® (WQ) principles and criteria. Here, we describe the WelFur protocols after two years of developmental work. Reviews for each of the 12 WQ welfare criteria were written for foxes and mink to identify the welfare measures that have been used in scientific studies. The reviews formed the basis for potential measures to be included in the WelFur protocols. All measures were evaluated for their validity, reliability and feasibility. At present, we have identified 15 fox and 9 mink animal-based (or outcome-based) welfare measures, and 11 and 13 input-based (resource-based or management-based) measures. For both foxes and mink, each of the four WQ principles is judged by at least one criterion, and seven out of the 12 criteria include animal-based measures. The protocols will be piloted in 2012. Using the WQ project and protocols as a model has been a fruitful approach in developing the WelFur protocols. The effects of the WelFur protocols will provide benchmarks from which the welfare of animals on European fur farms can be assessed.
Carbon Nanotube Based Multifunctional Ambipolar Transistors for AC Applications
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhong Hua , Pei Tian , Liang Shibo , Yang Leijing , Wang Sheng , Peng Lian‐Mao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractField‐effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on large diameter carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present typical ambipolar transfer characteristics owing to the small band‐gap of CNTs. Depending on the DC biasing condition, the ambipolar FET can work in three different regions, and then can be used as the core to realize multifunctional AC circuits. The CNT FET based circuits can work as a high‐efficiency ambipolar frequency doubler in the ambipolar transfer region, and also can function as in‐phase amplifier and inverted amplifier in the linear transfer region. Due to current saturation of the CNT FET, an AC amplifier with a voltage gain of 2 is realized when the device works in the linear transfer region. Achieving an actual amplification and frequency doubling functions indicates that complicated radio frequency circuits or systems can be constructed based on just one kind of device: ambipolar CNT FETs.
Rapid and Continuous Hydrodynamically Controlled Fabrication of Biohybrid Microfibers
Authors: Daniele Michael A. , North Stella H. , Naciri Jawad , Howell Peter B. , Foulger Stephen H. , Ligler Frances S. , Adams André A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCell encapsulation is critical for many biotechnology applications including environmental remediation, bioreactors, and regenerative medicine. Here, the development of biohybrid microfibers comprised of encapsulated bacteria in hydrogel matrices produced on‐chip using microfluidics is reported. The fiber production process utilizes hydrodynamic shaping of a cell‐laden core fluid by a miscible sheath fluid. Production of the fibers containing viable bacteria was continuous in contrast to the more typical methods in which cells infiltrated or were attached to prepared fibers. The biohybrid fibers were composed of poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) matrices and individually both E. coli and B. cereus were explored as model cellular payloads. Post processing growth curves (24 h) of bacteria within fibers were in excellent agreement with that of controls suggesting minimal impact. Finally, the biohybrid fibers showed even distribution of encapsulated cells and >90% cell viability.
Materials Challenges for High Performance Magnetocaloric Refrigeration Devices
Authors: Smith Anders , Bahl Christian R.H. , Bjørk Rasmus , Engelbrecht Kurt , Nielsen Kaspar K. , Pryds Nini 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMagnetocaloric materials with a Curie temperature near room temperature have attracted significant interest for some time due to their possible application for high‐efficiency refrigeration devices. This review focuses on a number of key issues of relevance for the characterization, performance and implementation of such materials in actual devices. The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of magnetocaloric materials is discussed, as well as the hysteresis behavior often found in first‐order materials. A number of theoretical and experimental approaches and their implications are reviewed. The question of how to evaluate the suitability of a given material for use in a magnetocaloric device is covered in some detail, including a critical assessment of a number of common performance metrics. Of particular interest is which non‐magnetocaloric properties need to be considered in this connection. An overview of several important materials classes is given before considering the performance of materials in actual devices. Finally, an outlook on further developments is presented.
Incidence and costs of family member hospitalization following injuries of workers' compensation claimants
Authors: Asfaw Abay , Pana‐Cryan Regina , Bushnell P. Timothy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe consequences of occupational injuries for the health of family members have rarely been studied. We hypothesized that non‐fatal occupational injury would increase the incidence and costs of hospitalization among workers' families, and that family members of severely injured workers would be likely to experience greater increases in hospitalizations than family members of non‐severely injured workers.Data and MethodsWe used the MarketScan databases from Thomson Reuters for 2002–2005, which include workers' compensation and inpatient medical care claims data for injured workers' families. We used a before–after analysis to compare the odds and costs of family hospitalization 3 months before and after the index occupational injury among 18,411 families. Severe injuries were defined by receipt of indemnity payments and at least 7 days of lost work. Family hospitalizations were measured by the incidence of hospitalization of at least one family member.ResultsAmong families of all injured workers, the odds of at least one family member being hospitalized were 31% higher [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.11–1.55] in the 3 months following occupational injury than in the 3 months preceding injury. Among the families of severely injured workers, the odds of hospitalization were 56% higher [95% CI = 1.05–2.34] in the 3 months following injury. Hospitalization costs were found to rise by approximately the same percentage as hospitalization incidence.ConclusionThe impact of occupational injury may extend beyond the workplace and adversely affect the health and inpatient medical care use of family members. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1028–1036, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryo‐Fetal Transfer of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in the Rat Over the Course of Gestation and the Impact of Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn) Binding
Authors: Thorn Mitchell , Piche‐Nicholas Nicole , Stedman Donald , Davenport Scott W. , Zhang Ning , Collinge Mark , Bowman Christopher J. 
Published: September 2012

BACKGROUNDThere is concern about embryo‐fetal exposure to antibody‐based biopharmaceuticals based on the increase of such therapies being prescribed to women of childbearing potential. Therefore, there is a desire to better characterize embryo‐fetal exposure of these molecules. The pregnant rat is a standard model for evaluating the potential consequences of exposure but placental transfer of antibody‐based biopharmaceuticals is not well understood in this model.METHODSThe relative embryo‐fetal distribution of an antibody‐based biopharmaceutical was evaluated in the rat. Bevacizumab (Avastin) was chosen as a tool antibody since it does not have significant target binding in the rat that might influence embryo‐fetal biodistribution. Avastin was labeled with a fluorescent dye, characterized, and injected into pregnant rats at different gestation ages. Labeled Avastin in fetal tissues was visualized ex vivo using an IVIS 200 (Caliper, A PerkinElmer Company, Alameda, CA).RESULTSAvastin localized to the fetus as early as 24‐hr post intravenous injection of the dam, and was taken up by the fetus in a dose‐dependent manner. Avastin was detectable in the developing embryo as early as gestation day 13 and continued to be transferred until the end of gestation. Fetal transfer of Avastins mutated in the portion of the antibody that binds the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was tested in late gestation and was found to correlate with affinities of the mutant Avastin antibody to FcRn.CONCLUSIONSThe novel application of this imaging technology was used to characterize the onset and duration of Avastin maternal–fetal transfer in rats and the importance of FcRn binding.
Haloalkane dehalogenases: Biotechnological applications
Authors: Koudelakova Tana , Bidmanova Sarka , Dvorak Pavel , Pavelka Antonin , Chaloupkova Radka , Prokop Zbynek , Damborsky Jiri 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHaloalkane dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.5, HLDs) are α/β‐hydrolases which act to cleave carbon‐halogen bonds. Due to their unique catalytic mechanism, broad substrate specificity and high robustness, the members of this enzyme family have been employed in several practical applications: (i) biocatalytic preparation of optically pure building‐blocks for organic synthesis; (ii) recycling of by‐products from chemical processes; (iii) bioremediation of toxic environmental pollutants; (iv) decontamination of warfare agents; (v) biosensing of environmental pollutants; and (vi) protein tagging for cell imaging and protein analysis. This review discusses the application of HLDs in the context of the biochemical properties of individual enzymes. Further extension of HLD uses within the field of biotechnology will require currently limiting factors – such as low expression, product inhibition, insufficient enzyme selectivity, low affinity and catalytic efficiency towards selected substrates, and instability in the presence of organic co‐solvents – to be overcome. We propose that strategies based on protein engineering and isolation of novel HLDs from extremophilic microorganisms may offer solutions.