bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dot-to-ZnO Nanowires Charge Transfer Dynamics for Enhanced Efficiency Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sadeghimakki Bahareh , Jahed Navid Mohammad Sadeghi. , Janfeshan Bita , Dashmiz Shadi , Sivoththaman Siva 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCore-shell quantum dots (QDs) with enhanced photostability compared with bare QDs are promising light absorbers for solar cell applications. In this work, electron injection from excited CdSe/ZnS QDs to Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) prepared by two techniques were demonstrated. Arrays of ZnO NWs were fabricated by hydrothermal growth and etching. ZnO NWs were sensitized with hydrophobically ligated colloidal CdSe/ZnS QDs. The electron transfer dynamic in QD/ZnO NW architecture was examined using photoluminescence (PL) and decay lifetime analyses. The quenching of the QD emission peak and lowered average lifetime in QD/ZnO NW architecture confirms the deactivation of the excited QDs via electron transfer to ZnO NWs. Electron transfer was enhanced by using smaller QDs. This study provides insight on charge transfer dynamics at the QD/ZnO NW interface in order to engineer high performance quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs).
CdS and Cd-Free Buffer Layers on Solution Phase Grown Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1- x)4 :Band Alignments and Electronic Structure Determined with Femtosecond Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Haight Richard , Barkhouse Aaron , Wang Wei , Luo Yu , Shao Xiaoyan , Mitzi David B. , Hiroi Homare , Sugimoto Hiroki 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe heterojunctions formed between solution phase grown Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1- x)4 (CZTS,Se) and a number of important buffer materials including CdS, ZnS, ZnO, and In2S3, were studied using femtosecond ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (fs-UPS) and photovoltage spectroscopy. With this approach we extract the magnitude and direction of the CZTS,Se band bending, locate the Fermi level within the band gaps of absorber and buffer and measure the absorber/buffer band offsets under flatband conditions. We will also discuss two-color pump/probe experiments in which the band bending in the buffer layer can be independently determined. Finally, studies of the bare CZTS,Se surface will be discussed including our observation of mid-gap Fermi level pinning and its relation to Voc limitations and bulk defects.
Raman Spectroscopy in Group IV Nanowires and Nanowire Axial Heterostructures
Authors: Anaya J. , Torres A. , Jiménez J. , Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez T. , Ballesteros C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe control of the SiGe NW composition is fundamental for the fabrication of high quality heterostructures. Raman spectroscopy has been used to analyse the composition of SiGe alloys. We present a study of the Raman spectrum of SiGe nanowires and SiGe/Si heterostructures. The inhomogeneity of the Ge composition deduced from the Raman spectrum is explained by the existence of a Ge-rich outer shell and by the interaction of the NW with the electromagnetic field associated with the laser beam.
Alendronate‐Associated Osteonecrosis of the Hard Palate After Harvesting of a Connective Tissue Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Brooks John K. , Kleinman Justin W. , Younis Rania H. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Much attention has been given to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws, concomitant with a history of bisphosphonate usage, particularly regarding inciting dental procedures. This report describes a case of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the hard palate after the harvesting of a subepithelial connective tissue (CT) graft for treatment of gingival recession (GR) in the mandible.Case Presentation: A 60‐year‐old female sought periodontal therapy for GR. Her medical history revealed the use of alendronate for osteopenia, hypothyroidism, sulfa allergy, and >18 regimens of steroid formulations (oral, inhaled, and topical) for various upper respiratory and dermatologic disorders. The hard palate was selected as the donor site for the subepithelial CT graft. At a 4‐month postoperative evaluation, osteonecrosis was evident in the palatal site. Successful clinical outcome was achieved after conservative debridement, antibiotics, and use of chlorhexidine gluconate.Conclusions: It is advised that a patient's medical history include current and past intake of bisphosphonates and comorbidities that could predispose to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Attempts should be instituted to achieve primary wound closure of the donor site in patients who have taken bisphosphonates. Postoperative follow‐up of the donor site of CT grafts should continue for at least 6 months for surveillance of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis.
Development of performance management reforms in Lithuanian public sector
Authors: Kaselis Mindaugas 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The article presents result-based performance management in the public sector and challenges for its formation. The attention is paid to the fact that despite the managerial character, this is a perspective with political implications. Before the result-based performance management in Lithuania is analyzed, the American experience has been presented, where almost each new administration of the President (since President Lyndon B. Johnson) has introduced systemic novelties with regard to the development of management on the federal level. Lastly, qualitative research data is used to present the attitudes of Lithuanian civil servants and politicians to the components of performance management, while the programmes of the political parties for the Lithuanian Seimas (Parliament) in 2012-2016 help to reveal the attitudes of the present party in power towards the components of performance management.
Local public transport planning in Poland - geographical input
Authors: Chaberko Tomasz , Kretowicz Paweł 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper concentrates on geographical contribution to public transport planning in Poland with a special regard to transport services of general interest. The authors draw on the newly enacted Polish legislative acts concerning public transportation: the Act of 16 December 2010 on public transport and the Regulation of 25 May 2011 on the detailed scope of sustainable development plan of public transport. According to these legal acts, authorities of the largest local and regional governments in Poland are obliged to prepare public transport plans by March 2014. In order to provide useful guidelines that would ameliorate the preparation of public transportation plans by these authorities, the authors demonstrate some effective examples of geographical analyses utilising sample cases of a medium-sized city (Gdynia) and a medium-sized poviat (Krosno poviat). The authors explain how to delineate the network of public transport of general interest in these administrative units along with route categorisation. Additionally, some principles of the city area division into public transportation sectors - a spatial unit facilitating public transport planning - are presented on the example of Gdynia.
Selected aspects of permanent emigration from Poland (2001-2010)
Authors: Długosz Zbigniew , Biały Szymon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to describe permanent emigration from Poland during the first decade of the 21st century. This period of time was characterised by major political and economic changes in Poland and elsewhere in the world. The paper is based on data obtained from the GUS Demographic Yearbook for the years prior to 2011. The spatial analysis in the paper is based on the current administrative division of Poland - voivodships. This includes the number of migrants and their demographic and social structure. Finally, the paper addresses the direction of migrant flow in terms of absolute numbers and rates of change.
Russia’s role in the official peace process in South Ossetia
Authors: Hoch Tomáš , Souleimanov Emil , Baranec Tomáš 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse the role of Russia in the transformation of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict and analyse this important period in the history of the Caucasus, where Georgia and its secessionist region of South Ossetia have been trying to find a peaceful solution to their post-war situation. Major milestones of the official peace process are set in the context of Russian-Georgian relations. We then proceed to the analysis of the internal changes within the Russian Federation at the turn of the millennium and try to find a connection between this internal transformation of Russia and the transformation of the conflict in South Ossetia. The most important factors behind the more assertive approach by the Russian Federation towards Georgia in the last decade are considered: internal centralisation of power and economic growth of the Russian Federation, the reinforcement of the importance of the South Caucasus as part of the geopolitical discourse within the Russian Federation, the deterioration in Russian-Georgian relations, and the suppression of the fear of the spill-over effect since the end of Second Chechen War.
Traditional education system: its impact on socio-economic development in Mewat District, Haryana, India
Authors: Ishtiaque Mohammad , Hurera Abu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMadarsa education is very common among the Muslims in India. Hundreds of thousands of Muslim children acquire their primary, and perhaps the only, formal education in these madarsas with a cursory knowledge of modern education. As a result they are lagging behind in science education and their representation and participation in the scientific activity of the country is woefully low. As such they are unable to earn sufficiently to lead a comfortable life and provide proper leadership to their community to face the challenges of the modern world. The purpose of the present study is to analyse whether madarsa education becomes a barrier in promoting modern and higher education and secondly how far these institutions helped improve socio-economic conditions of madarsa trained persons in the District of Mewat (Haryana). In the absence of secondary data, the present study is based on the primary data collected through both extensive and intensive field work. A total of 2,350 households were surveyed and information regarding demographic, socio-economic and environmental conditions of these households was collected. Such a varied nature of data was assigned weightage according to their importance and finally the composite score was calculated to find out the levels of the socio-economic conditions of madarsa trained persons.
Current analysis of orcharding in the Isparta Province (Turkey)
Authors: Sargin Sevil , Okudum Ramazan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, orcharding activity in the Isparta Province, Turkey, is analysed. Until a few years ago, the economy of Isparta was associated with hand carpet weaving, rose-growing and rose-oil extraction. However, over the last few years orcharding has attracted attention as the most important economic activity in Isparta. This is especially visible in the districts of Eğirdir, Gelendost, Senirkent and Yalvac where many kinds of fruits, specifically apples and cherries, are grown for the market. Physical geography features of Isparta have an important potential for developing orcharding. Suitable climatic conditions, fertile soils and fresh water resources, both surface and underground, are distinctive elements of this potential. In addition, irrigation projects, modern agricultural techniques, quality and resistible fruit types, appropriate fertilisation, pruning and disinfecting are human activities effecting the development of orcharding. Moreover, establishing modern and high capacity cold stores nearby the areas where fruits are grown is regarded an important factor increasing the value of Isparta fruits on the national and international markets. Thus, developing commercial orcharding in Isparta is gaining importance as a profitable activity as well as an opportunity for rural population for employment in fruit picking, storing, packaging and transporting. The emphasis of this study is put on current development of orcharding, distribution of apple, cherry, grape and other fruits production, reasons for this distribution and problems associated with orcharding in Isparta. Besides formal data collection, the findings obtained during field studies in Boğazova as well as on the Uluborlu-Senirkent and Gelendost Plains enable the authors to conclude that orcharding has become the most important rural activity in the region.
No Synonyms: Global Governance and the Transnational Public
Authors: Hancic Maja Turnšek 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Building on the classical literature of the public, the article critically analyses the current literature on global governance. After briefly presenting the classical understanding of the public the author goes on to argue that in global governance the effectiveness of collective problem-solving is seen as a compensation for its lack of inclusiveness which in turn makes it impossible to equate global governance with (transnational) public. The author criticizes the substitution of the term “the public” by “stakeholders” since the notion of stakeholders allows for economically powerful voices to intervene in public decision-making processes. The article furthermore criticizes ideas on global governance as “strong publics” on the basis that even if the decision-making seen in global governance was to follow the ideal of rational deliberation, this would not make it equal to the transnational publics, since the deliberations of transnational “strong publics” are per definition exclusive in nature.
Genetic Knowledge and Genetic Reproduction Technologies as New Modes of Governance – are We Witnessing a New Form of Eugenics?
Authors: Barberić Lara 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article aims to examine whether there is continuity between eugenics as employed in Nazi Germany and modern-day medical genetics. Drawing on Foucault’s conceptualization of the relationship between power and knowledge, it draws the conclusion that despite the differences in the means employed and underlying motivations, both may serve as disciplinary tools and shape human behaviour. Finally, it addresses ethical issues that arise during genetic reproduction counselling. Namely, it reviews how genetic information during genetic reproduction counselling is presented to those being counselled and puts forward the idea on how to stay committed to the principle of non-directiveness.
Societal implication and challenges of demographic change – some introductory remarks
Authors: Černič-Mali Barbara , Koch Andreas , Koch Madeleine 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis introduction into the special issue of European Countryside describes the need to move from knowledge to action and from simplification to complexification in contemporary discourses about demographic change. While the first movement arguably refers to the contributions of this issue the latter is a plea towards more specification and differentiation when investigating and assessing phenomena of demographic change.
The Austrian social festival Keep the Ball Rolling in a peripheral region of Upper Styria
Authors: Gstach Isabell 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe “Steirische Eisenstraße” is a region located in the province of Styria in Austria, which has been struggling with a massive shift in population and age structure for some time. In 2012/13 the Austrian social festival Keep the Ball Rolling is taking place in this region. Over a period of 18 months, the social festival is providing opportunities to think of their own environment. Consequently, they can develop and implement ideas for good cohabitation and put these into practice. The main focus of this article is the demographic presentation of the “Steirische Eisenstraße” region, according to population, employment and age structure. The introduction of the social festival is fundamental in initiating successful change processes.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Sheep and Goats Grazing in Different Forage Resources of Northern Greece
Authors: Evangelou Christakis , Yiakoulaki Maria , Papanastasis Vasilios 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Grazing animals explore different forage resources to satisfy their daily nutrient needs, following specific spatial and temporal patterns throughout the year. In this study four different flocks of sheep and goats (two of each species) were selected to record their spatial location with a handheld GPS during spring, summer and winter. At the same time, three animals in each flock were followed to study their grazing activities by direct observation. These data with the time information and a detailed land use map were manipulated in a GIS to assign animal activities to different forage resources. Sheep and goats were travelling long distances (7.5 km and 9.0 km, respectively) to satisfy their nutritional needs throughout the year. They were found to graze in two main forage resources, rangelands (grasslands, shrublands and forest ranges) and agricultural land (fallow land, stubble fields and temporary pastures). Both grazer species spent significantly less time (P≤ 0.05) feeding in rangelands (38.9% & 18.1%) than in agricultural land (63.6% & 53.4%) during spring and summer. It appears that a heterogeneous landscape is necessary for supporting extensive farming systems of small ruminants since rangelands and agricultural land complement each other in providing forage throughout the year.
Steppe-Like Grass Land Vegetation in the Hills around the Lakes of Vegoritida and Petron, North-Central Greece
Authors: Pirini Chrisoula B. , Tsiripidis Ioannis , Bergmeier Erwin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The present paper describes the floristic composition and synecology of steppe-like dry grasslands occurring in a Natura 2000 site in North-Central Greece around the two karstic lakes of Vegoritida and Petron. In total, 245 releves of vascular plant species composition and abundance were sampled and subjected to cluster analysis and ordination analysis. Passive explanatory variables, including environmental parameters as well as indicator values, were used to support the ecological interpretation. Four plant communities were distinguished in the area, namely Artemisia campestris-Dasypyrum villosum, Chrysopogon gryllus-Bothriochloa ischaemum, Satureja montana-Artemisia alba and Stipa capillata-Koeleria macrantha. All communities were classified within the Festuco-Brometea class and the Astragalo-Potentilletalia order. Soil properties (soil reaction, moisture and nutrient content) and meso-climate factors (temperature variation along topographic gradients) were identified as the main factors determining the floristic differentiation among the four communities.
The dry grasslands harbor a number of species associated with steppic habitats. We discuss the relict character of the steppe-like vegetation.
Management Regimes within Syntaxa of Semi-Natural Grasslands in West Bulgaria
Authors: Velev Nikolay , Vassilev Kiril 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study focuses on mesic and xeric grasslands of mostly secondary origin, and that are influenced by human activity. Mesic grasslands are traditionally used for hay-making, and xeric ones for pastures. Over the last 20 years, livestock farming in Bulgaria has significantly declined so that less grass is needed. Many types of grasslands are no longer used and lots of abandoned fields can be found nowadays in Bulgaria. The analyses in this study are based on 868 releves collected on xeric and mesic grasslands according to the methodological approach of Braun- Blanquet. As a result, five alliances within two classes are recognized: the class Festuco-Brometea, represented by three alliances, namely Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae and Festucion valesiacae, and the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, represented by two alliances, namely Arrhenatherion elatioris and Cynosurion cristati. The majority of the managed grasslands are situated in close proximity to settlements. Most of the abandoned areas (30%) are found within Cirsio-Brachypodion alliance. These grasslands are characterized by the highest values of total cover of vegetation. They are located in the most distant and least accessible areas. If use is not resumed, all the abandoned grasslands will be under threat of extinction in the near future. At the same time, many arable lands have been abandoned and turned into grasslands by the processes of secondary succession.
Studies On The Genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) In Italy. Vi. Names By Michele Tenore: Atriplex Axillaris, A. Diffusa, And A. Polysperma
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Sukhorukov Alexander P. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The typification of the names Atriplex axillaris, A. polysperma (both names are synonyms of A. rosea L.), and A. diffusa (synonymized with A. tatarica here) is discussed. Specimens from Tenore’s collection (NAP) and from De Candolle’s collection (G-DC) are respectively designated as the lectotypes of A. diffusa and A. axillaris, while one collection from NAP is designated as the neotype for the name A. polysperma.
Arunco-Salicetum Capreae – Where Is Its Syntaxonomical Position?
Authors: Petrášová Mária , Jarolímek Ivan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Presented study is focused on the syntaxonomical revision and correct classification of the associations Arunco- Salicetum capreae and Filipendulo-Salicetum capreae. The associations were described by Hadač et al. (1969) from the Dolina Siedmich prameňov Valley in the Belianske Tatry Mts. The association Arunco-Salicetum capreae was emended by Šomšák (1986) by including the new subassociation from the Slovenské rudohorie Mts. Hadač et al. (1969) and Šomšák (1986) preliminarily ordered these associations within the class Querco-Fagetea, order Fagetalia, and alliance Alnion incanae. Later authors (Mucina & Maglocký 1985, Jarolímek & Šibík 2008) ordered them into two different classes. We used numerical analyses (hierarchical clustering and detrended correspondence analysis) of 1056 relevés from floristically and ecologically similar syntaxonomical units to classify the associations within higher syntaxa and to find out whether there is a reason to distinguish two associations from such a small geographic area. Based on the analysis results we merged both studied associations into one association Arunco vulgaris-Salicetum capreae Hadač et al. ex Petrášová et Jarolímek, ass. nova, which we ordered to the suballiance Alnenion glutinoso-incanae.
FORECASTING OF SAFETY TRANSPORT BY EXTREME STATISTICS / PROGNOZOWANIE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA OBIEKTÓW TRANSPORTOWYCH METODAMI STATYSTYKI EKSTREMALNEJ
Authors: Igor Arefyev , Аleksandr Volovik , Аleksandr Klavdiev 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Recently, the transport problem is acute to minimize accidents and disasters, caused by the failure of the functional elements. Today it is still not a fully developed theory of the solution of such problems. The authors propose an approach to perform this task, based on the methodology of extreme statistics and information Janes principle. Example given in the article and the calculations prove this possibility, up to an extreme level of statistical sampling, when it reaches capacity. The method allows for a decision on a sample survey, when the nature of the distribution is not known anything other than the expectation of a random variable.