bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Physical Capabilities in the Workplace
Authors: Baker Todd A. , Gebhardt Deborah L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe world of work has many arduous jobs that require the worker to possess greater levels of physical ability than found in the normal population. This chapter provides an overview of the underlying physiological principles associated with physical performance and methods to assess arduous jobs in the workplace. It includes an overview of test development and validation of physical tests and litigation related to their use in job selection and retention. The benefits of physical testing and the methods for reducing adverse impact are highlighted.
Background Data: Use of Experiential Knowledge in Personnel Selection
Authors: Mumford Michael D. , Barrett Jamie D. , Hester Kimberly S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground data, or biodata, measures are widely applied in personnel selection. In the present effort, it is argued that background data measures reflect the recall of differential experiential, or case-based, knowledge. The techniques for developing and scaling background data measures are described and evidence bearing on the reliability and validity of these measures is discussed. Critical contingencies bearing on the application of these measures in personnel selection are described. Potential directions for future research are examined along with issues bearing on the application of background data measures in personnel selection.
Web-Based Assessments
Authors: Scott John C. , Lezotte Daniel V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRapid advancements in computer technology and the explosive growth of the Internet over the past decade have led to a paradigm shift in the way we design and deliver personnel assessments. Measurement practice and theory have now evolved to the point at which test users can build and launch sophisticated assessment programs on a global scale to measure an almost limitless array of attributes. Candidates can be assessed in any language, for any position, with greater efficiency and precision than ever before. Web-based assessment, despite all of its proven and potential benefits, is not without its challenges. In fact, there are a host of measurement and operational issues that need to be considered and addressed to ensure that critical assessment decisions can be made with efficiency, accuracy, and integrity. The purpose of this chapter is to review the current and projected state of web-based assessment and discuss its critical role in talent selection and development.
Supervisory Performance Ratings
Authors: Woehr David J. , Roch Sylvia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSupervisory ratings of individual job performance are the most frequently used and studied manner in which employee performance is assessed. Volumes have been written on performance ratings, what they mean, and how to improve them. Our goal in this chapter is to provide a broad-level summary of the literature on performance ratings. Moreover, we seek to synthesize this literature with respect to best practices for the use of performance ratings as criteria for the evaluation of selection and assessment tools.
The Use of Objective Measures as Criteria in I/O Psychology
Authors: Borman Walter C. , Smith Tiffany N. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter, we consider objective performance indices and their relative advantages and liabilities. Problems with criterion contamination and deficiency are inherent in the use of any one or a subset of these outcomes. In addition, the inclusion of both objective performance as well as rating measures seems appropriate in most instances. Hence we describe a strategy for integrating objective measures into a multidimensional construct-oriented model of job performance, using the Project A research program as an example.
Employee Value: Combining Utility Analysis with Strategic Human Resource Management Research to Yield Strong Theory
Authors: Sturman Michael C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe idea that an organization's employees have value has been both an implicit or explicit component of human resource management research throughout its history. Some attempts have been made to quantify this value; other research has simply assumed that human capital is a valuable resource without further detail as to this concept. This chapter reviews work related to employee value. In particular, it reviews work on both utility analysis and Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), two areas that have relied most heavily and directly on the idea of employee value to make their predictions. Although research on utility analysis has diminished notably in the past decade, I argue that recent research efforts have been misplaced. By directly considering the idea of employee value and its relevance to SHRM research, utility analysis offers an opportunity to develop strong theory in SHRM and improve the precision of research in this area.
Contingent Workers: Who Are They and How Can We Select Them for Success?
Authors: Bauer Talya N. , Truxillo Donald M. , Mansfield Layla R. , Erdogan Berrin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe contingent workforce has become an integral part of the workplace, yet literature on the selection of the temporary or contingent workforce is relatively limited. This chapter describes who contingent workers are, the reasons why an organization may choose contingent (also known as temporary) workers, and how the selection process for these workers may differ from the process of hiring a long-term employee. Selection challenges associated with the contingent workforce and the key individual differences that may determine if a temporary worker is successful are examined. Finally, future research questions and topics to further the conversation on selection of contingent workers are offered.
Place Attachment
Authors: Korpela Kalevi M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe review is focused mostly on the dynamics of place attachment on the individual level and is structured according to the antecedents, development, and consequences of place attachment. It is concluded that dimensional frameworks and models of place attachment provide researchers adequate taxonomies with which they can locate their studies. More studies to verify causal sequences, underlying needs, and processes/dynamics of place attachment are needed. The interplay between automatic affective reactions, self, personality, learning, and culture in place attachment is described but remains a largely open question for future studies. Theories for understanding the development of place attachment include attachment theory, the mere-exposure hypothesis, the theories of self-regulation, privacy and friendship regulation, theories of coping (with developmental tasks and stress), theories of identity development, and self-theories. Evidence for the positive connection between place attachment and conservation behavior is still mixed. Future research to deepen and integrate the theoretical work on place attachment is called for.
Response to Environmental Disasters
Authors: Lindell Michael K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPopular accounts of people’s responses to disasters routinely report panic and psychological disorientation among disaster victims, but these reactions are quite rare. Instead, most people respond to crises by making the best decisions they can to protect persons and property, given their limited knowledge about the hazards they face and the situation that is unfolding, and their limited resources of time, money, and protective facilities and equipment. Current research is beginning to examine the timing and sequence of disaster response actions and the characteristics of warnings, environmental cues, and social cues that influence people’s perceptions of the threat, stakeholders, and alternative protective actions and, ultimately, their responses to a disaster. In addition, research on long-term hazard adjustments has generally found significant effects of three types of core perceptions (environmental threats, stakeholders, and alternative protective actions). This research also suggests the effects of hazard proximity, hazard experience, and hazard education programs on hazard adjustment adoption are mediated by the core perceptions.
Restorative Environments
Authors: Staats Henk 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRestorative environment research is flourishing. Widespread appreciation of the concept has been spurred by two influential theories and has led to a substantive body of research. This chapter gives an overview of what has happened in this area. It begins with a description of the two theories, attention restoration theory and the psycho-evolutionary theory of stress reduction, their content, similarities, and differences, and then reports on the research done in a number of environmental domains: nature, both wild and managed, the home, the workplace, museums and religious environments, hospitals, other health care settings, and favorite places. The following paragraphs then discuss central concepts in restorative environment research: perceived restorativeness and its determinants, new approaches to visual analysis of environmental scenes, and the social context of restoration. The chapter closes with a look into the future, to new methods, expansion of theoretical approaches, and applications.
The Development of Conservation Behaviors in Childhood and Youth
Authors: Chawla Louise , Derr Victoria 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWith a focus on childhood and adolescence, this chapter seeks to understand how people come to act responsibly on behalf of the environment. It begins with a brief overview of selected theories related to the development of agency and the motivation to act as a framework for research reviews in three areas of young people’s experience: informal play and exploration in nature; environmental education programs in schools and in the field; and wilderness experience programs. The chapter compares research results in these areas with the goal of understanding the types of experiences that prepare young people to take action for the environment, considers how these results correspond with processes that would be predicted by developmental theory, and distills recommendations for the design of school-based programs, wilderness adventure programming, and the design of communities that facilitate free access to nature. Directions for future research are suggested.
Protecting Natural Resources: Psychological and Contextual Determinants of Freshwater Conservation
Authors: Corral-Verdugo Víctor , Frías-Armenta Martha , Tapia-Fonllem César O. , Fraijo-Sing Blanca S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWater is one of the most valuable natural resources for humankind and other forms of life on earth, and this chapter addresses the topic of its conservation. Environmental psychology (EP) investigates the dispositional and contextual factors that incite both water waste/contamination and conservation. It also studies the psychological positive consequences that result from engaging in water conservationist practices. The obtained information has let us know the individual characteristics that promote water conservation behaviors, the extrinsic and intrinsic consequences that maintain those behaviors, and the situations that make people use water in a sustainable way. EP also participates in the design of interventional strategies aimed at the instauration of conservationist uses of freshwater, including water conservation campaigns, environmental education programs, and experiments intended to shift wasteful and contaminating water uses toward more sustainable water-consuming behaviors. A model integrating the knowledge on freshwater conservation determinants and its consequences is presented and future directions for research and interventions are outlined.
Psychology and Climate Change: Beliefs, Impacts, and Human Contributions
Authors: Swim Janet K. , Markowitz Ezra M. , Bloodhart Brittany 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA surge of psychological research on or related to global climate change has occurred since 2006. This chapter reviews research on beliefs about climate change and educational efforts to address these beliefs, impacts of climate change and adaptation to and in preparation for these impacts, and human contributions to climate change and ways to encourage mitigation behaviors. More specifically the chapter describes: (1) characteristics of and changes over time in beliefs about global climate change, who holds these beliefs, and psychological sources of these beliefs; (2) psychological, interpersonal, and intergroup impacts of global climate change, the role of appraisals in the impacts, and vulnerability, resilience, and social justice issues related to adapting to the impacts are considered; and (3) behaviors that contribute to and mitigate climate change, psychological processes that predict these behaviors, and methods to encourage mitigation behaviors based upon research on social influence processes and systems theory.
Post-Acute Rehabilitation
Authors: Morris Jeri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPost-acute brain injury rehabilitation was initially developed in the early 20th century by some of the most brilliant thinkers in medicine and psychology. Remarkably, the pioneers in post-acute rehabilitation had such insights and vision that their work remains the bases for brain injury treatment a century later. Stimulated by the effects of wars and impeded at times by social and political forces, the field draws intensely caring professionals, and techniques continue to be refined and innovations put into practice.
Estimating Rural Poverty: Distributional Outcomes, Evaluations, and Policy Responses
Authors: Suryanarayana M. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMuch of the theorizing and policy making for rural poverty alleviation in India lacks empirical appreciation of issues and challenges. Therefore, it is important to examine how valid the different interpretations of the Indian evidence justifying alternative policy imperatives are. This article illustrates one such issue with reference to the strategy for agricultural growth since the mid-1960s until now, and its impact evaluation in terms of inequality and poverty and the current enigma on hunger and deprivation. It deals with policy imperatives of development for eradicating poverty and deprivation. The article then examines the Indian evidence on its agricultural growth strategy and a policy outcome evaluation with reference to rural poverty in India during different phases of the Indian agricultural development strategy. It mainly examines the missing links in research methodology of these studies and their implications. Some evidence in terms of final estimates of consumption are provided.
Microfinance: The Shg-Linkage Program
Authors: Chowdhury Prabal Roy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe microfinance sector in Indian has followed two different models: the microfinance institute (MFI) model and the self-help-group (SHG) linkage model. The MFIs mostly follow the Grameen model, with some variations, whereas the SHG-linkage model has some interesting features typically not found in other microfinance institutions. This article focuses not only on the SHG-linkage program but also on its role as a conduit for channeling credit and on the role played by NGOs in this process. It provides a brief overview of the genesis and spread of the SHG-linkage program, and examines the social impact of microfinance, especially in the Indian (and Bangladeshi) context. It builds a simple formal model capable of comparing the efficiency implications of the SHG-linkage approach vis-a-vis the Grameen. Finally, the article concludes with some suggestions for future research.
Development, Displacement, and Food Security: Land Acquisition in India
Authors: Sarkar Abhirup 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article concerns the process by which agrarian land is acquired to build up infrastructure, industries, and various services, as well as that process's relation to the project of economic development. Recent strife in India over land acquisition for the purpose of industrialization is relevant to structural transformation in many developing countries. When trickle down is minimal, the question of compensation for those who lose out in the process of economic transformation becomes vital. The article suggests that most of India's large food production is the result of high net sown area, not productivity per acre. Therefore, allocating a small fraction of this land to industrialization would forego some food production, although this can easily be picked up by higher productivity in the remaining area. Fragmented land-holding patterns, however, prevent such productivity increases, which poses an important challenge.
Aspects of Bureaucratic Corruption
Authors: Bose Gautam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article attempts to identify treatments of corruption that draw on characteristics of underdevelopment either as causes or as consequences. There is a very small amount of literature (both empirical and theoretical) on corruption in the Indian context. A primary reason for the lack of empirical work is the unavailability of data: Both parties typically benefit from corruption, and, therefore, neither has an incentive to report it. The article looks at three aspects of government corruption in developing countries, and in India in particular: red tape, rent-seeking, and the abundance of intermediaries (such as middlemen). The article argues that if wasteful red tape is specifically a characteristic of public provision (not private), then provision should be privatized, as suggested by the “efficient corruption” literature. The article emphasizes that there is very little work on intermediation (and the role of intermediaries) in corruption, an analysis of which is necessary to understand the structure of corruption markets, especially in the Indian context.
Distributive Conflicts and Indian Economic Policy: Some Notes On Political Economy
Authors: Bardhan Pranab 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses political economy issues that arise from distributive conflicts and that govern economic policy in India. The article notes that contrary to popular perception, India may be one of the most unequal societies in the world when land and education inequality are so considered. Further, because the Gini coefficient in India is based on consumption expenditure, it tends to understate inequality because the rich tend to save more than the poor. The article then asks whether inequality matters for economic growth and argues that it clearly does, implying that equity and efficiency often go together, contrary to the opposite presumption of much of mainstream economics. The article essentially gives a qualitative and broad account of the different types of distributive conflicts that have become prominent in the process of economic development in India and how their influence will shape the nature of problems that afflict economic policy making and implementation.
India's Trade and Exchange-Rate Policies: Understanding the Bop Crisis and the Reforms Thereafter
Authors: Acharyya Rajat 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article provides an analytical discussion of the sources of the 1991 BOP crisis and the trade and exchange rate reforms that followed thereafter. The BOP crisis offers a natural experiment to study policy complementarities in the Indian context. This article hopes to encourage more formal modern macrowork in this area. The article argues that exchange controls (along with the pegged regime), implemented partly through import quotas, lead to a black market for foreign exchange and encouraged underinvoicing of exports, thereby, aggravating the BOP crisis. It discusses what exchange rate reforms were intended to come out of the crisis, and to what extent these have been effective in lowering the black market premium on foreign exchange and improving India's trade balance.
India at the WTO: From Uruguay to Doha and Beyond
Authors: Saggi Kamal 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on India's position at the WTO, especially during the WTO negotiations launched in Doha, Qatar, in 2001. The article notes that although trade in India has exploded— especially after 2002—India has the dubious distinction of being the world's leading user of antidumping duties. This suggests that trade liberalization since 1991 has been partly undone with the increase use of antidumping measures. With respect to Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, several issues are addressed such as whether the WTO is the right organization to implement an international agreement on intellectual property rights, and what—if any—is the relationship between intellectual property rights and international trade through channels such as technology transfers and increased FDI. The article examines India's stance on agriculture, one of the key issues surrounding the Doha round.
What More do we want to know about the Indian Economy?
Authors: Kotwal Ashok 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article first takes stock of what we know about the patterns observed in Indian development and speculates on the likely scenarios over the next few decades. The main question that the article concerns—and probably the biggest economic policy challenge today—is why has poverty in India declined so slowly? The article suggests that a proximate cause is the size and productivity levels of the informal sector—a bulk of India's labor force is engaged in low-productivity cottage-type activities with little physical or human capital. This hinders productivity. What then is responsible for the existence and continuation of constraints in the informal sector? If the poor incidence of entrepreneurship in the informal sector is because of poor infrastructure and weak financial inclusion, why have governance structures failed to alleviate these constraints? In addition, the formal sector has not expanded at the expense of the informal sector to absorb a greater part of the labor force. The article discusses a host of factors that could explain obstacles to productivity improvements in the informal sector, and hence the low growth–poverty elasticity: caste, collective action, the political economy of Indian democracy, the role of credit markets, and rural urban migration, among others.
Concepts and Categories: Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics
Authors: Rips Lance J. , Smith Edward E. , Medin Douglas L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe psychological study of concepts has two main goals: explaining how people's knowledge of categories such as tables or cats enables them to classify or recognize members of those categories, and explaining how knowledge of word meanings (e.g., the meaning of table and cat) enables people to make inferences and to compute the meanings of phrases and sentences. We review current theories and data relevant to these two functions of concepts, including recent insights from cognitive neuropsychology. Both kinds of theories have evolved in ways that suggest that people make use of mental representations at several levels of complexity, from sparse, atomic concepts to complex, knowledge-intensive ones. We examine the implications of this variety for issues including psychological essentialism and domain specificity.