bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy Preprocessing Technique Selection for Identification of Geographical Origins of Gastrodia elata Blume
Authors: Liu Hong , Liu Honggao , Li Jieqing , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTGastrodia elata Blume from different regions varies in growth conditions, soil types, and climate, which directly affects the content and quality of its medicinal components. Accurately identifying the origin can effectively ensure the medicinal value of G. elata Bl., prevent the circulation of counterfeit products, and thus protect the interests and health of consumers. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and effective method for verifying the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicines. However, the presence of scattering effects in the spectra poses challenges in establishing reliable discrimination models. Therefore, employing appropriate scattering correction techniques is crucial for improving the quality of spectral data and the accuracy of discrimination models. This study uses two ensemble preprocessing approaches; the first type is series fusion of scatter correction technologies (SCSF), and another method is sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT). Four discriminant models were established using a single scattering correction technique and two ensemble preprocessing approaches. The results show that the data‐driven version of the soft independent modeling of class analogy (DD‐SIMCA) model built based on multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) preprocessing has a sensitivity of 0.98 and a specificity of 0.91, able to effectively distinguish whether a sample of G. elata Bl. originates from Zhaotong. In addition, three discriminant models including support vector machine (SVM), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and three gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithms built using the ensemble preprocessing approach have good classification and generalization capabilities. Among them, the SCSF‐PLS‐DA model has the best performance with 99.68% and 98.08% accuracy for the training and test sets, respectively, and F1 of 0.97; the SPORT‐SVM model achieved the second‐best classification ability. The results show that the ensemble preprocessing approach used can improve the success rate of G. elata Bl. geographical origin classification.
Highly Graphitized Coal Tar Pitch‐Derived Porous Carbon as High‐Performance Lithium Storage Materials
Authors: Zhao Lu‐Lu , Qi Si‐Yu , Zhang Nan , Wang Peng‐Fei , Liu Zong‐Lin , Yi Ting‐Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBecause of its high specific capacity and superior rate performance, porous carbon is regarded as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, porous carbon materials with wide pore diameter distributions suffer from low structural stability and low electrical conductivity during the application process. During this study, the calcium carbonate nanoparticle template method is used to prepare coal tar pitch‐derived porous carbon (CTP−X). The coal tar pitch‐derived porous carbon has a well‐developed macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous hierarchical porous network structure, which provides abundant active sites for Li+ storage, significantly reduces polarization and charge transfer resistance, shortens the diffusion path and promotes the rapid transport of Li+. More specifically, the CTP‐2 anode shows high charge capacity (496.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1), excellent rate performance (413.6 mAh g−1 even at 500 mA g−1), and high cycling stability (capacity retention rate of about 100 % after 1,000 cycles at 2 A g−1). The clean and eco‐friendly large‐scale utilization of coal tar pitch will facilitate the development of high‐performance anodes in the field of LIBs.
Searching for “Greener” Bioequivalents of CF3 to Lower its Environmental Impact
Authors: Minneci Marco , Misevicius Matas , Rozas Isabel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsidering the broad use of the trifluoromethyl functional group (−CF3) in medicinal chemistry and taking into account the recent concerns on the negative environmental effects of CF3 containing compounds, we are searching for “greener” alternatives. Thus, different chemical groups (i. e. iodide, fluoride, cyclopropyl, isopropyl, cyclobutyl, 3‐oxetyl, 2‐oxetyl, methylsulfide, pentafluorosulfide, methylsulfonyl and sulfonamide) have been considered as potential bioequivalents of −CF3 aiming to use them in compounds with therapeutic interest instead of the polyfluoride functionality. Different structural (molecular surface and volume) and physicochemical (electronic and lipophilic) aspects of the bioequivalent functionalities proposed have been theoretically calculated and compared to those of −CF3. Additionally, the corresponding phenyl derivatives carrying these functionalities have been purchased or prepared and their experimental lipophilicity (i. e. LogP) measured using shake‐flask experiments and UV‐vis spectroscopy.
Phosphonium SF5− Salts Derived from Sulfur Hexafluoride as Deoxyfluorination Reagents
Authors: Röthel Maike B. , Schöler Andreas , Buß Florenz , Löwe Pawel , Dielmann Fabian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSulfur based deoxyfluorination reagents are usually derived from the corrosive gas SF4. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of an easily accessible phosphonium salt [(tmg)3PF]+SF5− (1) which was obtained from the reaction of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) with tris(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine. The performance of this crystalline SF5− salt as a reagent in deoxyfluorination reactions was investigated together with a second SF5− salt [(R1)3PF]+SF5− (2) containing bulky substituents (R1=1,3‐di‐tert‐butylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidenamino). Both reagents proved to be effective for the deoxyfluorination of various functional groups including alcohols, anhydrides, and amides.
N/S‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Bamboo Carbon Fibers with Ultra‐Large Surface Area and Highly Exposed Active Sites for Flexible Zinc‐Air Battery†
Authors: Qian Yuhang , Liu Xinye , Zheng Xiangjun , Yang Zilong , Yu Yanjie , Gao Fei , Guo Xingmei , Liu Yuanjun , Cao Xuecheng , Guo Ruihua , Zhang Junhao 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryFacile mass transport channel and accessible active sites are crucial for binder‐free air electrode catalysts in rechargeable flexible zinc‐air battery (ZAB). Herein, a ZnS/NH3 dual‐assisted pyrolysis strategy is proposed to prepare N/S‐doped hierarchical porous bamboo carbon cloth (HP‐NS‐BCC) as binder‐free air electrode catalyst for ZAB. BCC fabric with abundant micropores is firstly used as flexible carbon support to facilitate the heteroatom‐doping and construct the hierarchical porous structure. ZnS nanospheres and NH3 activization together facilitate the electronic modulation of carbon matrix by N/S‐doping and optimize the macro/meso/micropores structure of carbon fibers. Benefiting from the highly‐exposed N/S‐induced sites with enhanced intrinsic activity, the optimized mass transport of biocarbon fibers, as well as the ultra‐large specific surface area of 2436.1 m2·g–1, the resultant HP‐NS‐BCC catalyst exhibits improved kinetics for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction. When applied to rechargeable aqueous ZABs, it achieves a significant peak power density of 249.1 mW·cm−2. As binder‐free air electrode catalyst, the flexible ZAB also displays stable cycling over 500 cycles with a minimal voltage gap of 0.42 V, showcasing promising applications in flexible electronic devices.
PD‐L1 and nectin‐4 expression and genomic characterization of bladder cancer with divergent differentiation
Authors: Martini Dylan J. , Case Katherine B. , Gratz Derrik , Pellegrini Kathryn , Beagle Elizabeth , Schneider Thomas , Dababneh Melad , Nazha Bassel , Brown Jacqueline T. , Joshi Shreyas S. , Narayan Vikram M. , Ogan Kenneth , Master Viraj A. , Carthon Bradley C. , Kucuk Omer , Harik Lara R. , Bilen Mehmet Asim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer with divergent differentiation (BCDD) comprises a heterogenous group of tumors with a poor prognosis, and differential expression of nectin‐4 and programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) has been reported in BCDD. Importantly, nectin‐4 expression in bladder cancer is associated with response to enfortumab vedotin, and PD‐L1 expression is associated with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective review identifying 117 patients with advanced or metastatic BCDD who were treated at Winship Cancer Institute from 2011 to 2021. They performed immunohistochemistry staining for nectin‐4 and PD‐L1 expression by histologic subtype as well as genomic analysis of these patients, including RNA sequencing, whole‐exome sequencing, and fusion detection analysis as well as a subgroup genomic analysis of patients with BCDD who received ICIs.ResultsThe results indicated that nectin‐4 expression was highest in the groups who had the squamous and plasmacytoid subtypes, whereas the group that had the sarcomatoid subtype (70.8%) had the highest proportion of PD‐L1–positive patients. Genomic analysis yielded several key findings, including a 50% RB1 mutation rate in patients who had small cell BCDD, targetable PIK3CA mutations across multiple subtypes of BCDD, and significantly higher expression of TEC in responders to ICIs.ConclusionsIn this study, the authors identified clinically relevant data on nectin‐4 and PD‐L1 expression in patients with rare bladder tumors. They also identified several novel findings in the genomic analysis that highlight the role of precision medicine in this population of patients. Larger, prospective studies are needed to validate these hypothesis‐generating data.
The Chemistry of Angucyclines
Authors: Vysloužilová Denisa , Kováč Ondřej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAngucyclines and angucyclinones represent a class of natural compounds that belong to the group of aromatic polyketides. They exhibit a wide array of biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and cytotoxic. Their considerable therapeutic potential and diverse scaffolds have attracted many synthetic chemists to devise novel strategies to construct their intricate molecular architecture. Over 300 class members have been isolated from natural sources, mainly from bacterial strains of Streptomyces species. This review highlights recent advancements in their synthesis, such as oxidative cyclization, photooxidation, and metal‐catalyzed [4+2]‐cycloaddition, which has facilitated the efficient and practical total syntheses of various angucycline and angucyclinone natural products.
Solving dynamic electric circuit with nonlinear hysteretic inductor using harmonics interpolation method
Authors: Divac Srđan , Koprivica Branko 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present a methodology for solving а dynamic electric circuit with nonlinear hysteretic inductor without the use of hysteresis model or equivalent circuits. A consideration of nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour of the magnetic core under quasistatic conditions is based on applying harmonics interpolation method (HIM) to the measured magnetising field strength waveforms. A dynamic behaviour of the magnetic core is considered through the application of the statistical theory of losses (STL). A considered electric circuit consists of AC voltage source connected in series with shunt resistor, additional linear resistor and inductor, as well as a nonlinear hysteretic inductor. The solution for electric current of the circuit is obtained by solving equation derived from Kirchhoff's laws through a series of successive iterations. Coupling of electric and magnetic part of the circuit is obtained from fundamental laws of electromagnetism. Methodology is validated for four cases of the considered electric circuit — without additional elements, with one additional or both additional elements, for sinusoidal voltage source amplitudes of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 V and frequency of 50 Hz. Validation is repeated for frequencies of 100, 200 and 300 Hz while keeping the ratio of the amplitude to frequency constant. Detailed theoretical approach and methodology, comparisons between measured and calculated results, as well as adequate discussion are presented.
Preliminary evaluation of antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of novel indolin‐2‐one derivatives
Authors: Turhal Gulseren , Demirkan Busra , Baslilar Izel Nermin , Yuncu Nimet Sule , Baytas Sultan Nacak , Demiroglu‐Zergeroglu Asuman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIndole‐based agents are frequently used in targeted or supportive therapy of several cancers. In this study, we investigated the anticancer properties of originally synthesized novel indolin‐2‐one derivatives (6a‐d) against Malignant Mesothelioma, Breast cancer, and Colon Cancer cells. Our results revealed that all derivatives were effectively delayed cell proliferation by inhibiting the ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additionally, these variants induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase, accompanied by elevated levels of p21 and p27 expressions. Derivatives also initiated mitochondrial apoptosis through the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl‐2 proteins, leading to the activation of caspase 3 and PARP cleavage in exposed cells. Remarkably, three of the indolin‐2‐one derivatives displayed significant selectivity towards Breast and Colon Cancer cells, with compound 6d promising as the most potent and wide spectral one for all cancer cell lines.
Discovery of interspecific alloparental care of silver‐eared mesia nestlings by a mountain bulbul
Authors: Liu Jianping , Li Bin , Liang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough brood parasitism has been well documented among bird species, interspecific alloparenting, which is parenting behavior of adult individuals of one species toward the progeny of another species, is increasingly being reported. However, compared with the many reports of interspecific alloparenting behavior in North America and Europe, this phenomenon is less well known in China, with only two prior cases of interspecific alloparenting behavior in birds having been recorded. On June 23, 2022, we observed an instance of interspecific alloparental care provided by a mountain bulbul (Ixos mcclellandii) towards silver‐eared mesia (Leiothrix argentauris) nestlings in Caihu Village, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. We recorded 19.5 h of footage during the period in which the mountain bulbul provided care for the nestlings with the aim of documenting detailed observations of interspecific alloparenting to contribute to our overall understanding of this behavior. The alloparenting behavior of the mountain bulbul lasted for at least 5 days. During this period, both silver‐eared mesia parents fed their nestlings 157 times and removed their nestlings' fecal sacs 5 times, while the mountain bulbul fed the nestlings 30 times and removed the nestlings' fecal sacs 4 times. In addition, the male silver‐eared mesia parent chased the mountain bulbul away during nestling feeding. As there was no life history information for the mountain bulbul at that time, we were unable to directly determine why it exhibited interspecific alloparental care. Regardless of the reason for the mountain bulbul's behavior, these findings provide valuable information for future studies on the reproductive ecology of these two bird species.
Density of a cryptic Australian small mammal: The threatened Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi)
Authors: Bakker Alice H. , Patterson Charlotte R. , Mifsud Greg , Reside April E. , Fuller Susan , Baker Andrew M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobally, hundreds of mammal species face the threat of extinction in the coming decades, and in many cases, their ecology remains poorly understood. Fundamental ecological knowledge is crucial for effective conservation management of these species, but it is particularly lacking for small, cryptic mammals. The Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi), a threatened, cryptic carnivorous marsupial that occurs in scattered populations in the central west of Queensland, Australia, was once so poorly studied that it was believed extinct. Sporadic research since its rediscovery in the early 1990s has revealed that S. douglasi is distributed across land at risk from many threats. Fundamental knowledge of S. douglasi population density is urgently required to inform conservation management at key sites, yet the species has historically proven hard to detect. Indeed, the status of the largest known population of S. douglasi, in Bladensburg National Park, is unknown. Here, we conducted a population study on S. douglasi at two sites within Bladensburg National Park via live mark–recapture surveys during 2022 and 2023. From likelihood‐based spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) modelling we provide the first estimates of density and population size for S. douglasi. Live trapping resulted in captures of 49 individual S. douglasi (with 83 captures total, including recaptures). We estimated S. douglasi to occur at a density of 0.38 individuals ha−1 (0.25–0.58) at one site and 0.16 individuals ha−1 (0.09–0.27) at another site, with an estimated mean population size in suitable habitat at Bladensburg National Park of 1211 individuals (776–1646). Our S. douglasi density estimates were similar to that reported for other threatened small mammals in Australia. We also found evidence of extreme S. douglasi population fluctuations over time at Bladensburg National Park, which is of concern for its future conservation. Our study has provided the first estimate of density for S. douglasi, a threatened dasyurid species from the Mitchell Grass Downs of central western Queensland, Australia. Our research provides crucial population data to assist the management of this poorly studied species. We demonstrate a method that can be applied to species with low detection probability to ultimately help address the mammal extinction crisis faced by Australia and the rest of the world.
Land‐based literacies in local naturecultures: Walking, reading, and storying the forests in rural Colombia
Authors: Becerra Posada Tatiana , Ehret Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLand‐based literacies scholars have worked to expand understandings of literacies to include often marginalized cultures who understand literacy as resulting from human and more‐than‐human relations. In this article, we contribute to this broadening of literacies with an analysis of how nature influences the meaning‐making practices of rural, subaltern communities in the Global South. Our inspiration stems from indigenous scholars who have advanced indigenous and relational epistemologies, seeking to bridge the nature/culture divide that remains prevalent in Western thinking. The central question that guides this article is: How are Land‐based literacies produced through the felt and sensed relationships with nature, history and culture in the Callemar community? Drawing on micro‐analysis of participant‐generated video data from two walks with Colombian youth and adults from the Callemar community, we illustrate ways naturecultures, specifically the assemblages of Land, collective memory and cultural practices, produce Land‐based literacies. We describe Land‐ walking, including forest‐ and creek‐crossing practices, as literacies that require reading and meaning‐making with the Land, and that which allow individuals to relate to other beings and thrive in the changing landscape of their rural community. Our description and discussion of Land‐based literacies in this rural community poses important implications for informing pluriversal literacies pedagogies that draw on local knowledges and contexts to make literacy learning more relevant and equitable. Furthermore, we describe the relevance of Land‐based literacies for sustainable stewardship of the Land during times of drastic environmental change.
Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kendall Wesley Y. , Tian Qinyi , Zhao Shi , Mirminachi Seyedbabak , O'Kane Erin , Joseph Abel , Dufault Darin , Miller David A. , Shi Chanjuan , Roper Jatin , Wax Adam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScreening for colorectal cancer (CRC) with colonoscopy has improved patient outcomes; however, it remains the third leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, novel strategies to improve screening are needed. Here, we propose an optical biopsy technique based on spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). Depth resolved OCT images are analyzed as a function of wavelength to measure optical tissue properties and used as input to machine learning algorithms. Previously, we used this approach to analyze mouse colon polyps. Here, we extend the approach to examine human biopsied colonic epithelial tissue samples ex vivo. Optical properties are used as input to a novel deep learning architecture, producing accuracy of up to 97.9% in discriminating tissue type. SOCT parameters are used to create false colored en face OCT images and deep learning classifications are used to enable visual classification by tissue type. This study advances SOCT toward clinical utility for analysis of colonic epithelium.
Stitching method for panoramic nail fold images based on capillary contour enhancement
Authors: Lin Jianan , Yin Hao , Wu Yanxiong , Luo Jiaxiong , Ye Qianyao , Zhou Bin , Xie Mugui , Ye Cong , Liang Junzhao , Li Xiaosong , Bin Wei , Yang Zhimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNail fold capillaroscopy is an important means of monitoring human health. Panoramic nail fold images improve the efficiency and accuracy of examinations. However, the acquisition of panoramic nail fold images is seldom studied and the problem manifests of few matching feature points when image stitching is used for such images. Therefore, this paper presents a method for panoramic nail fold image stitching based on vascular contour enhancement, which first solves the problem of few matching feature points by pre‐processing the image with contrast‐constrained adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), bilateral filtering (BF), and sharpening algorithms. The panoramic images of the nail fold blood vessels are then successfully stitched using the fast robust feature (SURF), fast library of approximate nearest neighbors (FLANN) and random sample agreement (RANSAC) algorithms. The experimental results show that the panoramic image stitched by this paper's algorithm has a field of view width of 7.43 mm, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis.