bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the CO2 capture potential of seagrass restoration projects
Authors: Duarte Carlos M. , Sintes Tomás , Marbà Núria 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Seagrass meadows are important carbon sinks, and they are experiencing a global decline. Restoration of seagrass meadows provides a strategy to mitigate climate change while conserving these important ecosystems.

We examined the long‐term carbon sequestration expected for seagrass restoration programmes by developing a model that combined models of patch growth, patch survival in seagrass planting projects and estimates of seagrass CO2 sequestration per unit area for the five seagrass species commonly used in restoration programmes.

The model results indicated that the cumulative C sequestered increased rapidly over time and with planting density to reach an asymptote at a planting density of 100 units ha−1 (or 6 m spacing between units). At this planting density, the modelled cumulative C sequestered ranges from 177 to over 1337 tons CO2 ha−1 after 50 years.

The value corresponding to this carbon sequestration suggests that the costs of seagrass restoration programmes may be fully recovered by the total CO2 captured in societies with a carbon tax in place, providing additional ecosystem services derived from the role of seagrasses in providing ecosystem services, such as enhanced biodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. Seagrass restoration programmes are economically viable strategies to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration, particularly in subtropical and tropical island states where land‐based options have a limited scope.
FliS modulates FlgM activity by acting as a non‐canonical chaperone to control late flagellar gene expression, motility and biofilm formation in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Xu Shengjuan , Peng Zhong , Cui Boyu , Wang Tietao , Song Yunhong , Zhang Lei , Wei Gehong , Wang Yao , Shen Xihui 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe FlgM–FliA regulatory circuit plays a central role in coordinating bacterial flagellar assembly. In this study, we identified multiple novel binding partners of FlgM using bacterial two‐hybrid screening. Among these binding partners, FliS, the secretion chaperone of the filament protein FliC, was identified to compete with FliA for the binding of FlgM. We further showed that by binding to FlgM, FliS protects it from secretion and degradation, thus maintaining an intracellular pool of FlgM reserved as the FliS–FlgM complex. Consequently, we found that the flagellar late‐class promoter activities are significantly increased in the fliS deletion mutant. The fliS mutant is weakly motile and shows significantly increased biofilm formation on biotic surface. Based on the results obtained, we established for the first time the regulatory role of the flagellin chaperone FliS to fine‐tune late flagellar assembly by modulating FlgM activity.
How Do Market Prices and Cheap Talk Affect Coordination?
Authors: QU HONG 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn many scenarios such as banking and liquidity crises, inefficiencies often arise because investors face uncertainties about economic fundamentals and the strategies of other investors. How information affects fundamental uncertainty is well studied, but how information affects strategic uncertainty is underexplored. This paper examines how two communication mechanisms, market and cheap talk, affect investment decisions and efficiency in an experimental investment game with both fundamental and strategic uncertainty. I find that the market does not improve coordination because the expectation that coordination failures will occur is self‐fulfilling, while cheap talk improves coordination because the signals of willingness to invest alleviate strategic uncertainty.
Location of Decision Rights Within Multinational Firms
Authors: ROBINSON LESLIE A. , STOCKEN PHILLIP C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTUsing U.S.‐based multinational firm data gathered over more than two decades, we examine factors associated with the location of decision rights within these firms, whether the inappropriate assignment of decision rights is associated with poor firm performance, and whether these firms relocate decision rights in response to their evolving environments. We find that a mismatch between the location of decision rights and a firm's environment is associated with weak firm performance. We also show that the likelihood a parent company will alter the assignment of decision rights to a subsidiary is increasing in the extent of a mismatch although this likelihood is decreasing in the strength of the subsidiary's performance.
Mammal diversity during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in Eastern Europe
Authors: PUZACHENKO Andrei Yurievich , MARKOVA Anastasia Konstantinovna 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFossil record data on the mammal diversity and species richness are of importance for the reconstruction of the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems during the Late Pleistocene–Holocene transition. In Eastern Europe, the transformations during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition consisted mainly in changes in zonal structure and local fauna composition (Markova & Kolfschoten 2008). We investigated the species richness and the analogues of the α, β diversity indexes (in the sense of Whittaker 1972) of large and medium size mammals for 13 climate‐stratigraphic units dating to the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene, from the Hasselo Stadial (44–39 kBP) to the Subatlantic period and the present day. The biological diversity of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Holocene thermal optimum was investigated in more detail using information about all mammalian taxa (PALEOFAUNA database; Markova 1995). One of our results show that the α, β diversity values show only a negative correlation with the temperature conditions during the Late Pleistocene, the period that is characterized by the so‐called ‘Mammoth Fauna’ complex. For the Holocene faunas the diversity indexes are nearly independent from physical conditions; the α diversity index decreased and the β diversity index increased. The relatively low α diversity and high β diversity indexes for the present‐day faunas are referred to the decrease of the population number of some forest species in historical time and the increase of the dominance of unspecialized species or the species connected with intra‐zonal ecosystems. The study shows furthermore the occurrence of several East European ‘centers’ with a high mammal diversity, which are relatively stable during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. The orientation of the boundaries between the large geographical mammal assemblages depended, particularly in the northwestern part of Eastern Europe, on the expansion of the Scandinavian ice sheet.
Heuristic optimization for global species clustering of DNA sequence data from multiple loci
Authors: Chesters Douglas , Yu Fang , Cao Huan‐Xi , Dai Qing‐Yan , Wu Qing‐Tao , Shi Weifeng , Zheng Weimin , Zhu Chao‐Dong 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Hierarchical clustering of molecular data is commonly used for estimation of species diversity in all forms of life. Parameters appropriate for species‐level clustering are usually derived from reference data and applied for the delineation of sequences of unknown species membership, although it is not clear how this should be carried out in a multilocus scenario.

We introduce a novel means of concurrent clustering parameter optimization and delineation for multilocus data. A simulated annealing heuristic search is performed, whereby clustering thresholds are independently varied for each locus, but optimized according to the recovery of expected taxonomic species globally over loci. For each iteration of the search, one or more loci are randomly selected and a different threshold is separately proposed to cluster each, then the loci are linked to form global species units. Where the set of thresholds group the reference (species labelled) data with high taxonomic congruence, they are adopted for clustering of the subject (nonlabelled) sequences into global molecular operational taxonomic units (global MOTU). Four mined test data sets composed of both reference and subject sequences are combined with a newly sequenced three gene Apoidea data set, and subject to the proposed method.

Even optimizing four loci and thousands of sequences, the approach rapidly convergences on a set of parameters with maximal optimality score, although the method masks a high degree of incongruence, and does not always converge on a single set of thresholds. For example, of the 476 Apoidea sequences, 70 global MOTU were inferred over the heuristic search, although the number of single gene MOTU were much lower for the 28S RNA locus, and a range of equally optimal clustering thresholds were observed for the CytB gene.

We demonstrate the approach as a scalable species delineation solution for heterogeneous data sets composed of incompletely and inconsistently labelled data from public DNA data bases, for newly sequenced multilocus data, or both. The delineation over a heuristic search of clustering parameters facilitates the estimation of species diversity in multilocus data, giving species estimates that take into account uncertainty regarding choice of clustering thresholds.
Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to the maxilla: a rare case
Authors: Greenstein A , Witherspoon R , Iqbal F , Coleman H 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe manifestation of metastatic malignant disease in the oral cavity can present in a number of ways and may mimic benign conditions. This case reports a rare presentation from a metastasis of a hepatocellular carcinoma that had invaded the attached gingiva of the maxilla and which on initial inspection could have been misdiagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. With the advent of new classes of drugs to manage this disease it could be expected that this presentation may become more common.
Molecular microbiological evaluation of subgingival biofilm sampling by paper point and curette
Authors: Belibasakis Georgios N. , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Sahrmann Philipp 
Published: July 2013

The present clinical study aimed to investigate if there are differences in microbiological outcomes dependent on the subgingival biofilm collection method. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the four deepest pockets (>5 mm) of 17 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and 33 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), first by paper point and thereafter by curette. Samples obtained with the same method were pooled together from each patient and forwarded for molecular microbiological analysis by a commercially available assay (IAI Pado Test 4.5) that estimates total bacterial load and levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Data analysis included frequency of detection, quantification and correlation of detection levels between the two sampling methods. P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola were detected in >90% of the samples, and their detection levels exhibited a strong correlation between sampling methods. The detection consistency of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 56% between the two sampling methods. A. actinomycetemcomitans was more readily detected by paper point compared with curette collection with a stronger correlation between the two methods in AgP. Subgingival biofilm sampling by curette or paper point does not yield differences in the detection of the three ‘red complex’ species. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans was more consistently detected by means of paper point collection, which can be crucial in the decision to administer antibiotics as an adjunctive periodontal treatment.
Subcutaneoscopic excision of external angular dermoid cyst in children without conspicuous scarring
Authors: Agrawal Vikesh , Acharya Himanshu , Agarwal Pawan , Sekhon Virender , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionExternal angular dermoid cysts are benign lesions that are excised through an incision over the eyebrow. This leaves a visible scar that may not be cosmetically acceptable. Herein, we describe a minimally invasive subcutaneoscopic technique that involves placing incisions above the hairline to avoid scarring on the face.Material and surgical techniqueThis is a retrospective review of three consecutive cases of dermoid cysts. Each patient underwent subcutaneoscopic excision between March 2012 and September 2012. With the patient under general anesthesia, a 6‐mm incision was made on the scalp above the hairline. After a wide subcutaneous tunnel was created, a 5‐mm port with a 30° telescope was placed for an optical port. Insufflation was done with CO2 at pressure of 8 mmHg and flow rate of 1 L/min. Two para‐optical stab incisions were used to insert a 3‐mm Maryland dissector and a 3‐mm hook for dissection. The cyst was excised and removed through one of the ports.DiscussionAll three cases underwent successful subcutaneoscopic excision without the need for conversion. The mean operative time was 42 min. There were no complications, and all patients had excellent cosmesis. Subcutaneoscopic excision of dermoid cyst is a technically feasible procedure in pediatric patients, as demonstrated by our three cases. It provides excellent cosmesis and avoids scarring on the face.
The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinases (PI3K) inhibitor GS‐1101 synergistically potentiates histone deacetylase inhibitor‐induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis through the inactivation of PI3K and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways
Authors: Bodo Juraj , Zhao Xiaoxian , Sharma Arishya , Hill Brian T. , Portell Craig A. , Lannutti Brian J. , Almasan Alexandru , Hsi Eric D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPreviously, we showed that inhibition of the protein kinase C β (PKCβ)/AKT pathway augments engagement of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI)‐induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cell death induced by the delta isoform‐specific phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, GS‐1101, in combination with the HDI, panobinostat (LBH589) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Lymphoma cell lines, primary non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells were simultaneously treated with the HDI, LBH589 and GS‐1101. An interaction of the LBH589/GS‐1101 combination was formally examined by using various concentrations of LBH589 and GS‐1101. Combined treatment resulted in a synergistic inhibition of proliferation and showed synergistic effect on apoptotic induction in all tested cell lines and primary NHL and CLL cells. This study indicates that interference with PI3K signalling dramatically increases HDI‐mediated apoptosis in malignant haematopoietic cells, possibly through both AKT‐dependent or AKT‐ independent mechanisms. Moreover, the increase in HDI‐related apoptosis observed in PI3K inhibitor‐treated cells appears to be related to the disruption of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway. This study provides a strong rational for testing the combination of PI3K inhibitors and HDI in the clinic.
Low differentiated microvascular density and low expression of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) predict distant metastasis and poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Lifeng , Du Jun , Zhang Zhenting , Diao Lei , Chen Xusheng , Yao Xin 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To examine the prognostic significance of the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) and differentiated microvascular density (MVD) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Patients and Methods
We used the vascular marker cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) to identify tumour blood vessels.
The expression of PDGF‐BB and CD34 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 100 ccRCCs.
Prognostic effects of individual parameters were calculated using Cox regression models and Harrell's concordance index (c‐index).
Results
Higher grade and more advanced stage ccRCCs had significantly less PDGF‐BB expression and differentiated MVD (P < 0.05).
Higher PDGF‐BB expression was an independent prognostic factor for longer survival, and moreover, the final model built by the addition of PDGF‐BB expression improved the predictive accuracy for disease‐free survival (c‐index 0.707) compared with the clinicopathological‐based model (c‐index 0.695).
PDGF‐BB expression was positively associated with differentiated MVD assessed by Spearman correlation and factor analysis (r = 0.634, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
PDGF‐BB is as a novel and promising prognostic marker and antiangiogenic therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Tumor‐suppressive microRNA‐1291 directly regulates glucose transporter 1 in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yamasaki Takeshi , Seki Naohiko , Yoshino Hirofumi , Itesako Toshihiko , Yamada Yasutoshi , Tatarano Shuichi , Hidaka Hideo , Yonezawa Tomokazu , Nakagawa Masayuki , Enokida Hideki 
Published: July 2013

Our recent studies of microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures demonstrated that microRNA‐1291 (miR‐1291) was significantly downregulated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) clinical specimens and was a putative tumor‐suppressive miRNA in RCC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional significance of miR‐1291 in cancer cells and to identify novel miR‐1291‐mediated cancer pathways and target genes in RCC. Expression of miR‐1291 was significantly downregulated in RCC tissues compared with adjacent non‐cancerous tissues. Restoration of mature miR‐1291 in RCC cell lines (A498 and 786‐O) revealed significant inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, suggesting that miR‐1291 functioned as a tumor suppressor. To identify miR‐1291‐mediated molecular pathways and targets, we used gene expression analysis (expression of RCC clinical specimens and miR‐1291‐transfected A498 cells) and in silico database analysis. Our data demonstrated that 79 signaling pathways were significantly regulated by tumor‐suppressive miR‐1291 in RCC cells. Moreover, solute career family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) was a candidate target of miR‐1291 regulation. The SLC2A1 gene provides instructions for producing glucose transporter protein type 1 (GLUT1). Luciferase reporter assays showed that miR‐1291 directly regulated SLC2A1/GLUT1. In RCC clinical specimens, the expression of SLC2A1/GLUT1 mRNA was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in non‐cancerous tissues. A significant inverse correlation was recognized between SLC2A1/GLUT1 and miR‐1291 expression (r = −0.55, P < 0.0001). Loss of tumor‐suppressive miR‐1291 enhanced RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through targeting SLC2A1/GLUT1. The identification of novel tumor‐suppressive miR‐1291‐mediated molecular pathways and targets has provided new insights into RCC oncogenesis and metastasis.
Immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies against oxidized cardiolipin but not native cardiolipin are novel biomarkers in haemodialysis patients, associated negatively with mortality
Authors: Frostegård A G , Hua X , Su J , Carrero J J , Heimbürger O , Bárány P , Stenvinkel P , Frostegård J 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The risk of premature death is high in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Antibodies against cardiolipin (anti-CL) are thrombogenic in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). CL is easily oxidized (Ox) and plays a role in apoptosis. In this work we studied immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-CL and anti-OxCL in HD-patients. We conducted an observational study with a prospective follow-up examining the relationship between anti-CL, anti-OxCL and mortality risk in a well-characterized cohort of 221 prevalent HD patients [56% men, median age 66 (interquartile range 51–74) years, vintage time 29 (15–58) months] with a mean follow-up period of 41 (20–48 months). According to the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, anti-OxCL [area under the curve (AUC) 0·62, P &lt; 0·01], but not anti-CL (AUC 0·52, P = 0·2), is associated with mortality. In crude and adjusted Cox analysis, every log increase in anti-OxCL inversely predicted all-cause [adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 0·62 (0·43–0·89)] and CVD-related [adjusted HR 0·56 (0·32–0·98)] mortality. Patients with anti-OxCL levels below median also had increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. Although anti-OxCL and anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) were related positively to each other (ρ = 0·57, P &lt; 0·01), patients with one or two of these autoantibody levels below the median were associated with an incrementally increased death risk. Anti-OxCL were co-factor β2-GPI-independent; anti-CL from patients with anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome were β2-GPI-dependent, while sera from HD-patients less so. Sera from healthy donors was not β2-GPI-dependent. Anti-OxCL IgM is β2-glycoprotein 1 (GPI)-independent and a novel biomarker; low levels are associated with death among HD patients (and high levels with decreased risk). Combination with anti-PC increases this association. Putative therapeutic implications warrant further investigation.
Marginal Bone Preservation in Single‐Tooth Replacement: A 5‐Year Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Donati Mauro , La Scala Vincenzo , Di Raimondo Rosario , Speroni Stefano , Testi Massimo , Berglundh Tord 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundFew long‐term studies are available comparing immediate and conventional loading protocols of implant‐supported single‐tooth replacement.PurposeThe aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate prospectively the 5‐year clinical and radiological outcome of immediate functional loading implants used in single‐tooth replacement.Materials and MethodsOne hundred fifty‐one subjects, who required single‐tooth rehabilitation in the area from position 15 to 25 and from 35 to 45, were enrolled in eight private clinics in Italy. A randomization protocol was applied to allocate the implants in three treatment groups: one control group and two test groups. In the control group, implant placement was performed according to a conventional drilling procedure, and the implants were submerged for 3 months before abutment connection and loading. Implants allocated in the test group 1 and 2 followed an immediate functional loading protocol. While in test group 1, implant placement was performed according to conventional drilling procedure, in test group 2, a modified implant installation procedure (osteotome technique) was applied. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed during the 5‐year follow‐up, and technical and biological complications were registered.ResultsAlthough four implants (three in the test group 2 and one in the test group 1) were lost in the immediate functional loading groups in the first year of follow‐up, no further implant loss occurred in any of the treatment groups in the following monitoring period up to 5 years. No significant differences on marginal bone level changes were observed between the treatment groups. About 52% of all implants showed bone gain in the period from 1‐year to 5‐year follow‐up. The percentage of all implants that in the same interval of time showed bone loss was about 28%. Although few technical complications were recorded in the period of time up to 5 years, implants showing biological complication were 5.7%.ConclusionIt is suggested that implants installed with a conventional installation technique together with an immediate functional loading protocol may be considered as a valid treatment alternative in a long‐term perspective when used in a single‐tooth replacement in an esthetic area.