bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death notification education for paramedics: Past, present and future directions
Authors: Douglas LeeAnne , Cheskes Sheldon , Feldman Michael , Ratnapalan Savithiri 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To explore paramedics' experiences with death notification education. Methods: Four focus group sessions attended by paramedics were mediated by a professional facilitator mn urban and urban/rural areas of Ontario, Canada. Paramedics were asked about their experiences with death notification education and what format and content of education they would like. Transcripts were analysed using the constant comparative method. Themes were generated inductively. Results: Twenty primary care paramedics and eight advanced care paramedics with mean experiences of 8.5 and 21.5 years respectively, participated. They reported minimal death notification education in their initial and professional education. They support education in college programmes, new paramedic orientation, and through mentoring. Paramedics learn to communicate death notifications by observing others and by trial and error. They want to learn about this topic through evidence-based continuing education (CE) sessions delivered by a trained facilitator or through online independent study. Experiential methods incorporating role-play and feedback are supported. A trained peer or health care professional with similar experiences would be best to teach paramedics about death notification. Paramedics want to learn about the practical aspects of communicating death notifications, managing the reactions of the bereaved, the cultural and religious aspects of death, as well as their personal reactions to death. Paramedics’ attitudes to death notification education are influenced by their work environment. Conclusions: There is a lack of formal death notification education for paramedics. Formal education should be implemented to reduce the stress of communicating death notifications for the paramedic and for the bereaved.
Rhabdomyolysis: an overview for pre-hospital clinicians
Authors: Nellist Emily , Lethbridge Kris 
Published: May 2014

Rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when muscle tissue breaks down, leading to the release of the cellular contents into the circulation. There are broad ranges of causes for this, both physical and non-physical. This article aims to introduce pre-hospital clinicians to what rhabdomyolysis is, the causes of the condition, and also discusses the implications for pre-hospital practice before outlining management. The authors highlight how many of the causes for the condition are frequently encountered in pre-hospital practice and how even those cases which may appear initially simple, such as the elderly fall, can be complicated by rhabdomyolysis in as little as an hour. Finally, recommendations are made for more work to be undertaken to understand the frequency with which patients encountered by ambulance services go on to develop this condition, as well as encouraging those responsible for producing national guidelines to include this condition in their future publications.
Appropriate morphine administration by paramedics: a review of the literature
Authors: Weber Anthony , Dwyer Trudy , Maguire Brian 
Published: May 2014

Objective: This paper focuses on three main areas: pain management practices for paramedics; in service continuing education programs and, possible pain-management differences between two levels of paramedics. Methods: A literature search was performed using four databases to identify literature reviews and journal articles from 1997 to 2013. The search was focused around three core areas: 1) Pre-hospital pain management 2) barriers to pain management; and 3) pain management education. There was a five stage process to identify the relevant literature based on specific terminology in the abstracts. Results: The literature search located 1 240 articles, incorporating five stages with each stage having specific terms relevant to the research. Thirty two articles met the inclusion criteria. The breakdown of the articles included stage one – 6 articles, stage 2 – 10 results, stage 3 – 11 results, stage four – 5 articles and stage 5 – 0 articles. Conclusions: There remains little high-quality published evidence of systemic theoretical approach with which to validate many aspects of pain management in paramedic practice. Future research must identify if concepts taught in the classroom are being transferred to the clinical setting. Potential findings of such a study could be used to improve organisational awareness of factors that contribute to the behaviour and development of paramedics.
Paramedics developing rapport with the elderly: a pilot study
Authors: Ross Linda , Williams Brett 
Published: May 2014

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether paramedic students’ active engagement with elderly patients would enhance their ability to develop rapport with elderly patients and what impact guided self-reflection would have on this. Methods: This pilot study utilised mixed methodology incorporating an interventional study design with focus groups. Paramedic students from Monash University, Melbourne, Australia participated in an engagement activity with independently living elderly residents. The Rapport Questionnaire (RQ) and focus groups were used to evaluate the project. Results: Eleven undergraduate paramedics participated (n=11). Data analysis of the RQ revealed three items to be statistically significant and have a large effect size: Confident (p<0.01, r=0.55), Empathetic (p=0.03, r=0.48) and Overall ability to develop rapport (p<0.01, r=0.58). The guided self-reflection group improved most substantially across three areas: Confident (p=0.09, r=0.37), Empathetic (p=0.18, r=0.29) and Overall (p=0.14, r=0.3), while the control group improved in the Empathetic item only (p=0.75, r=0.07). Conclusion: Student's recorded improved confidence, empathy and overall ability to build rapport with the elderly through this engagement activity. In addition, students who receive guided self-reflection displayed greater improvements in the above three areas than their control counterparts. The results were substantial and warrant further research in this area.
Developing leadership in the UK's ambulance service: a review of the consultant paramedic role
Authors: Hodge Andrew 
Published: May 2014

Background: This study seeks to understand part of the emerging clinical leadership framework implemented in the UK's NHS ambulance services in recent years. The aim is to explore the relatively new role of consultant paramedics and understand their leadership activities in relationship to nationally determined requirements, and the challenges they face performing this crucial leadership role. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all consultant paramedics in the UK in 2013. Thematic analysis and coding were used to analyse the data and identify emergent themes. Additionally, basic demographic data was collected for comparison against national requirements. Findings: The findings illustrated three key themes: credible clinical leadership, an emerging empowered profession, and role expectations. There is a clear indication that consultant paramedics are a key part of clinical leadership for the paramedic profession. However, they are challenged to remain clinically competent by undertaking regular clinical practice and providing visible leadership on the ground, while strategically taking the profession forward. Operational resistance and power issues were highlighted as some of the problems faced by these clinical leaders. Implications: The findings may prove useful for employers in reviewing their clinical leadership structures, and in workforce planning for future consultant paramedics. The paramedic profession and its professional body may equally find this study useful for informing future strategic planning.
Nurses' and doctors' views about the prescribing programme
Authors: Courtenay Molly , Stenner Karen , Carey Nicola 
Published: May 2014

This article aims to explore the views of doctors and nurses, who care for people with diabetes, about the prescribing programme. Interviews with 10 nurse prescribers, nine doctors and three non-nurse prescribers were conducted in nine case study sites across England between October 2007 and September 2008. Prescribing was seen as a natural extension of advanced nursing roles adopted by nurses caring for people with diabetes. Nurses considered it important to obtain sound knowledge in areas in which they intended to prescribe before undertaking the course. Variation across prescribing programmes with regards to the level of work required of students and the way in which courses were run were reported. Most doctors thought it beneficial for nurses to be involved in mentorship, although doctors' continued involvement was considered necessary. Prescribing supports advanced nursing practice in the care of people with diabetes. Nurses considering undertaking the prescribing course need to beaware of the variations across prescribing programmes with regards to the level of work required. There is support for joint mentorship between nurse prescribers and doctors for students undertaking taking the prescribing course.
Research roundup: January 2014
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: May 2014

In brief ▪ Smoking cessation aids do not increase the risk of serious cardiovascular disease events ▪ Taking statins with other medications that inhibit their metabolism increases the risk that patients will suffer muscle pain ▪ Carrying excess weight increases the risk of hearing loss ▪ Poorly controlled pre-existing diabetes increases the risk of foetal and infant death ▪ No link between topical corticosteroids in pregnancy and adverse outcomes
Managing continence in palliative care
Authors: Switzer John 
Published: May 2014

Some older people living in care homes may be fortunate enough to remain continent during their final years. However, many residents suffer from incontinence as a result of the effects of their long-term illness: ‘Incontinence is still a taboo in our society, and it is a condition that causes distress, secrecy and poor quality of life.’ (Haggar, 2001)
Chinchilla husbandry: an overview of correct care
Authors: Prebble Jennifer 
Published: May 2014

Chinchillas are increasingly being kept as pets in the UK and are occasionally being seen in veterinary practices. They are small, long-lived rodents that are generally most active during the night. They have soft dense fur which may become detached if handled roughly. They are social animals and benefit from being kept in pairs or small groups. Chinchillas require large multi-level cages as they are active animals and like to jump. Diet should consist of hay, chinchilla nuggets and occasional high fibre treats. Many of the conditions encountered in veterinary practice are as a result of inadequate husbandry or diet; dental disease, digestive disorders, diabetes mellitus and heatstroke may all be seen. Their active nature means chinchillas are also prone to traumatic injury. Veterinary nurses can play an important role in educating owners (and prospective owners) about the needs of their pets.
Animal welfare in disasters
Authors: Squance Hayley 
Published: May 2014

Animal Welfare Emergency Management (AWEM) is an emerging area of emergency management. AWEM is used to describe the management of animal welfare needs, through all phases of emergency management. It is a critical component of modern emergency management, due to the complex bond between humans and animals and the unequivocal evacuation non-compliance of pet owners during disasters.The corpus of knowledge that has evolved from this study could be used to promote awareness of AWEM in government, private and educational sectors. Ultimately, adding to the limited literature available in this area will make a significant contribution to addressing the welfare needs of animals during disasters.
Knowing and nursing lizards
Authors: Valentine Adina 
Published: May 2014

Lizards are a commonly encountered reptile species in first opinion practice. They are relatively low maintenance pets, making them desirable for households with children or for those that work long hours. Many presenting ailments in lizards originate from poor husbandry and potentially have considerable welfare implications linked to the case. This is often caused by the vast amount of contradictory information available on the internet, perplexing inexperienced owners. Veterinary professionals can educate and try to prevent further complications. In order to successfully treat, hospitalize and care for reptilian patients, veterinary patients need to be fully equipped, knowledgeable and patient. The latter is of high importance because unlike mammalian patients, reptiles have a low metabolic rate, slowing the response to medications and treatment. Owners should be made aware of this, especially if a treatment course is expected to continue for weeks. This article aims to give an overview of how to nurse lizards in a hospital setting and to prompt more thorough, detailed histories to be taken.
Performance Drawing for animators: Breaking conventions and exploring experience
Authors: Campbell Sharon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this research Campbell challenges the dominance of Disney styled classical animation and its associated drawing principles that are dictated as part of a teaching process. Campbell’s learning and teaching approaches come from a practitioner perspective, and are about maintaining a wider and more applied version of drawing in a digital age in which the construction and manipulation of images can be done in so many various ways. It stems from the idea that in order to create the illusion of performance (which Campbell defines as ‘emotion through movement’), an animator has to be able to experience the performance (personally, or through observation or imagination) first, and then produce drawings that are based on a more personal relationship to the performance.
Results so far are more obviously intuitive and more allied to emotional as well as observational empathy, and crucially, come about through apprehending motion as it happens. The application of this method is also more aligned to developing personal research and creative development methodologies for animation practice, even when working as part of a team.
Some Phrygian Plant and Insect Remains from Kerkenes Dağ, Central Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Smith Alexia , Branting Scott 
Published: May 2014

During the 1996 and 2000 seasons of excavation at Kerkenes Dağ, a large single‐period Phrygian mountain‐top city located in central Turkey, a small assemblage of archaeobotanical remains and an insect were recovered from two specific archaeological contexts dated to the 540s B.C. This report documents a well‐cleaned Triticum durum/aestivum grain cache retrieved from a baking area, along with hand‐picked remains of Cornus mas, Cerasus cf. avium, and a Brachycerus sp. weevil.
Amalthea and Galene, two new genera of Halymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from New Zealand
Authors: D’Archino Roberta , Nelson Wendy A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
New Zealand foliose red algae belonging to the family Halymeniaceae were examined with a focus on species that have been placed in the genera Halymenia and Cryptonemia. Phylogenetic analyses of plastid-encoded rbcL and morphological observations were undertaken. Samples from northern New Zealand, referred to as Halymenia latifolia, were compared genetically with H. latifolia from its type locality in France. The New Zealand material was clearly separate from the genus Halymenia and from H. latifolia, and was found to be closely related to Halymenia abyssicola from Mexico. The new genus Amalthea is described to accommodate the New Zealand taxon. Samples referred to Cryptonemia sp. from New Zealand formed a well-supported clade with Cryptonemia rotunda from Korea and Japan. This clade was distinct from the clade containing the generitype Cryptonemia lomation from France and other species of Cryptonemia. We propose a new genus Galene to include three species from New Zealand, two of which are described as new here and transfer Cryptonemia
rotunda to this new genus.
The Public–Private Distinction, Autonomy and Free Movement: Unpacking the Assumptions
Authors: Mataija Mislav 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the assumptions behind an evergreen issue of EU law – the so-called horizontal effect of the EU Treaty free movement rules. It is usually claimed that the use of those rules to impose duties on individuals should be limited in order to protect private autonomy. Debate on this issue is largely confined to how far those limits should go. This paper takes a step back and questions the central assumptions made both by legal practice and by scholarship: first, the public–private distinction as a basis for applying the EU Treaties; second, the broad argument for “private autonomy”.
Universal Behaviour of the Structure and Dynamics of Micelles Formed from Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Gibhardt Holger , Haramagatti Chandrashekara Rajashekara , Islamov Akhmed Khysainovich , Ivankov Oleksandr Igorovych , Kuklin Alexander Ivanovich , Eckold Götz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A systematic study of the aggregation behavior of
alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants as a function of
concentration, temperature and alkyl chain length is presented based
on small angle neutron scattering as well as Raman scattering. The
variation of structural parameters of the micelles, their dissociation
and the conformation of surfactant molecules within the micelles are
quantitatively determined. All surfactant systems exhibit a universal
behavior if described on a renormalized temperature scale. This
finding is associated with the proximity of phase transitions into gel
and solid phases.
The Manufacturing Techniques of the Teotihuacan Style Masks from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan
Authors: Melgar Tísoc Emiliano R. , Solís Ciriaco Reyna B. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAt the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, the archaeologists found hundreds of stone masks considered foreign pieces obtained by commerce, tribute, and pillage. Because of that, they were classified in the main Mesoamerican styles, like the Olmec, Mezcala, Teotihuacan, Mayan, Mixtec and Aztec art. Among them are seven Teotihuacan Style masks found in five offerings. Its presence was explained by other researchers as relics looted by Aztec people from the Teotihuacan site, because the Aztec priests and rulers employed them as sources of power, prestige and mythical links between the City of the Gods and Tenochtitlan. But, are these stone masks from Tenochtitlan really Teotihuacan items? How can we identify which of them came from Teotihuacan and could be relics and which of them not? To solve this problem, we analyze its manufacturing techniques and compare them with lapidary objects from different areas of Teotihuacan, employing experimental archaeology, Optic Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. As results, we identify two technological patterns: five masks share the tools and techniques of Teotihuacan manufactures but two other masks contrast with them. Interestingly, its technology match with the Tenochcan productions, so, both pieces could be recreations crafted by Aztec artisans during the Postclassic times.
Amber from México: Coahuilite, Simojovelite and Bacalite
Authors: Riquelme Francisco , Ruvalcaba-Sil José Luis , Alvarado-Ortega Jesús , Estrada-Ruiz Emilio , Galicia-Chávez Martin , Porras-Múzquiz Hector , Stojanoff Vivian , Siddons D. Peter , Miller Lisa 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTCoahuilite, a new variety of amber is described from the Late Cretaceous Olmos Formation (ca. 73 Ma.), Coahuila, north of México. This amber is totally distinct chemically and stratigraphically from the Miocene Chiapas amber (ca. 23-13 Ma.), Southern México, which according to mineral nomenclature is currently known as Simojovelite var. nov. Additionally, an emended description of Bacalite is proposed, based on the physicochemical analysis and geological record of a fossil resin recently recovery from the Late Cretaceous El Gallo Formation (ca. 73 Ma.), Baja California, northwestern México. The results are supported by characterization of such ambers using synchrotron-based Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy.
Temperature study of CVD graphene on Cu thin films: competition between C catalysis and Cu dewetting
Authors: Amato G. , Croin L. , Milano G. , Vittone E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on a systematic study of Cu thin film dewetting by the monitoring of the intensity of the infra-red emission from the film surface during Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition of graphene. The time evolution of Cu coverage highlights three typical stages of dewetting which strongly depend not only on the temperature and film thickness, but also on the pressure and composition of the gas in chamber. Consequently, we demonstrate that the Cu surface can be effectively activated in films at temperatures lower than in foils and the process can be fully controlled by adjusting those parameters, in order to reach the optimal conditions for graphene growth.
Approaches to imaging unfolded secretory protein stress in living cells
Authors: Lajoie Patrick , Fazio Elena N. , Snapp Erik L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the point of entry of proteins into the secretory pathway. Nascent peptides interact with the ER quality control machinery that ensures correct folding of the nascent proteins. Failure to properly fold proteins can lead to loss of protein function and cytotoxic aggregation of misfolded proteins that can lead to cell death. To cope with increases in the ER unfolded secretory protein burden, cells have evolved the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR is the primary signaling pathway that monitors the state of the ER folding environment. When the unfolded protein burden overwhelms the capacity of the ER quality control machinery, a state termed ER stress, sensor proteins detect accumulation of misfolded peptides and trigger the UPR transcriptional response. The UPR, which is conserved from yeast to mammals, consists of an ensemble of complex signaling pathways that aims at adapting the ER to the new misfolded protein load. To determine how different factors impact the ER folding environment, various tools and assays have been developed. In this review, we discuss recent advances in live cell imaging reporters and model systems that enable researchers to monitor changes in the unfolded secretory protein burden and activation of the UPR and its associated signaling pathways.
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement with High Resolution
Authors: Grzelak Sławomir , Czoków Jarosław , Kowalski Marcin , Zieliński Marek 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The ultrasonic flowmeter which is described in this paper, measures the transit of time of an ultrasonic pulse. This device consists of two ultrasonic transducers and a high resolution time interval measurement module. An ultrasonic transducer emits a characteristic wave packet (transmit mode). When the transducer is in receive mode, a characteristic wave packet is formed and it is connected to the time interval measurement module inputs. The time interval measurement module allows registration of transit time differences of a few pulses in the packet. In practice, during a single measuring cycle a few time-stamps are registered. Moreover, the measurement process is also synchronous and, by applying the statistics, the time interval measurement uncertainty improves even in a single measurement. In this article, besides a detailed discussion on the principle of operation of the ultrasonic flowmeter implemented in the FPGA structure, also the test results are presented and discussed