bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal cerebral lobes development between 20 and 28 weeks gestational age: A postmortem MR study
Authors: Yang Linlin , Chen Liguang , Qiu Xiuling , Zhang Zhonghe , Liu Shuwei , Wang Guangbin , Xiao Lianxiang , Lin Xiangtao 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo investigate the fetal cerebral lobes development between 20 and 28 weeks gestational age, 36 fetus specimen without CNS abnormality, with 4 fetuses in each gestation week, were scanned with 3.0 T MR. Lobular parameters were measured, including the parenchyma thickness of the frontoparietal and the temporal lobes, the margin length of frontoparietal, the insula and the temporal lobes, the Sylvian fissure and the perimeter of hippocampus, on the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of hippocampus body across the base of cerebral peduncle. The relative value of parenchyma thickness and the lobes’ length ratios to the same side hemisphere were calculated and their correlation with gestational weeks was analyzed. All measured parameters were positively correlated with gestational age. No significant tendency was found for relative value of the parenchyma thickness (P > 0.05). The temporal lobe length ratio increased while the frontoparietal ratio decreased before 24 weeks GA and then the two reversed. The Sylvian fissure length ratio increased (P < 0.001) and the hippocampus decreased (P < 0.001) throughout this period. In conclusion, the early fetal cerebrum lobes developed asynchronously during this period, the 24 weeks GA could be a turning point for cerebrum development pattern changing from primitive to mature.
Wettbewerb als Steuerungsform im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Breyer Friedrich 
Published: September 2013

Einleitung
Der Wettbewerb im Gesundheitswesen ist kein Selbstzweck, sondern dient der Verbesserung der Versorgung der Versicherten. Im Rahmen der GKV sollte er in einem Preiswettbewerb zwischen Krankenkassen und einem Preis- und Qualitätswettbewerb der Leistungsanbieter um Verträge mit den Kassen bestehen. Der Staat muss aber die Rahmenbedingungen dafür schaffen. Momentan sind diese nicht erfüllt, da die Zuweisungen aus dem Gesundheitsfonds zu hoch und die Freiräume zur Vertragsgestaltung zu gering sind.
Die vier durch das BMBF geförderten gesundheitsökonomischen Zentren
Authors: Brumme-Bothe Bärbel 
Published: September 2013

Einleitung
Das BMBF fördert seit 2012 vier Zentren der gesundheitsökonomischen Forschung an Universitäten in Berlin, Duisburg-Essen, Hamburg und Hannover. Die Förderung soll existierende Forschungsstrukturen ausbauen und den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs fördern. Mit dem Förderinstrument der Zentrenbildung soll in Deutschland eine möglichst vielfältig ausgerichtete gesundheitsökonomische Forschung etabliert werden. Deren Ergebnisse sollen dazu beitragen, dass unser Gesundheitssystem auch in Zukunft leistungsfähig und bezahlbar bleibt.
SPECIAL CURVES AND POSTCRITICALLY FINITE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: BAKER MATTHEW , DE MARCO LAURA 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe study the postcritically finite maps within the moduli space of complex polynomial dynamical systems. We characterize rational curves in the moduli space containing an infinite number of postcritically finite maps, in terms of critical orbit relations, in two settings: (1) rational curves that are polynomially parameterized; and (2) cubic polynomials defined by a given fixed point multiplier. We offer a conjecture on the general form of algebraic subvarieties in the moduli space of rational maps on ${ \mathbb{P} }^{1} $ containing a Zariski-dense subset of postcritically finite maps.
Potential Social, Environmental, and Regulatory Threats to Electronic Health Record Strategies for Improving Tobacco Treatment in Healthcare
Authors: Leone Frank T. , Evers-Casey Sarah , Halenar Michael J. , O'Connell Keiren ,   for the Southeastern Pennsylvania Tobacco Control Project
Published: September 2013

Introduction– The potential impact of electronic health records (EHR) in driving tobacco treatment behaviours within healthcare settings has been established. However, little is known about the administrative variables that may undermine effectiveness in real world settings.Aims– Assist healthcare planners interested in implementing tobacco-EHR systems by identifying an EHR framework that is consistent with published treatment guidelines, and the important organisational variables that can undermine the effectiveness of tobacco-EHR.Methods– This paper considers the established literature on EHR implementation and physician behaviour change, and integrates this understanding with the observations of an expert workgroup tasked with facilitating tobacco-EHR implementation in Southeastern Pennsylvania.Results/ Findings– System change in this topic area will continue to be problematic unless attention is paid to several important lessons regarding: 1) the evolving healthcare regulatory environment, 2) the integration of tobacco use treatment into primary care, and 3) the existing social and organisational barriers to uptake of evidence-based recommendations.Conclusion– Healthcare organisations seeking to reduce the impact of tobacco use on their patients are well served by tobacco-EHR systems that improve care. Managers can avoid sub-optimal implementation by considering several threats to effectiveness before proceeding to systems change.
Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis and geodynamic significance of the Jebilet magmatism (Variscan Belt, Morocco)
Authors: ESSAIFI ABDERRAHIM , SAMSON SCOTT , GOODENOUGH KATHRYN 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn the Variscan fold belt of Morocco, the Jebilet massif is characterized by Palaeozoic metasedimentary rocks intruded by syntectonic magmatism that includes an ultramafic–granitoid bimodal association and peraluminous granodiorites emplacedc. 330 Ma, intruded by younger leucogranitesc. 300 Ma. The mafic–ultramafic rocks belong to a tholeiitic series, and display chemical and isotopic signatures consistent with mixing between mantle-derived and crust-derived magmas or assimilation and fractional crystallization. The granites within the bimodal association are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous microgranites that show characteristics of A2-type granites. The peraluminous, calc-alkaline series consists mainly of cordierite-bearing granodiorites enclosing magmatic microgranular enclaves and pelitic xenoliths. Detailed element and isotope data suggest that the alkaline and the peraluminous granitoids were formed in the shallow crust (<30 km) by partial melting of tonalitic sources at high temperatures (up to 900°C) and by partial melting of metasedimentary protoliths at relatively low temperatures (c. 750°C), respectively. Mixing between the coeval mantle-derived and crust-derived magmas contributed to the large variation of initial εNdvalues and initial Sr isotopic ratios observed in the granitoids. Further contamination occurred by wall-rock assimilation during ascent of the granodioritic plutons to the upper crust. The ultramafic–granitoid association has been intruded by leucogranites that have high initial Sr isotopic ratios and low initial εNdvalues, indicating a purely crustal origin. The heating events that caused emplacement of the Jebilet magmatism are related to cessation of continental subduction and convective erosion/thinning of the lithospheric mantle during plate convergence.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the structural basis of neuromuscular transmission: insights fromTorpedopostsynaptic membranes
Authors: Unwin Nigel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor, at the neuromuscular junction, is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel that has been fine-tuned through evolution to transduce a chemical signal into an electrical signal with maximum efficiency and speed. It is composed from three similar and two identical polypeptide chains, arranged in a ring around a narrow membrane pore. Central to the design of this assembly is a hydrophobic gate in the pore, more than 50 Å away from sites in the extracellular domain where ACh binds. Although the molecular properties of the receptor have been explored intensively over the last few decades, only recently have structures emerged revealing its complex architecture and illuminating how ACh entering the binding sites opens the distant gate. Postsynaptic membranes isolated from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of theTorpedoray have underpinned most of the structural studies: the membranes form tubular vesicles having receptors arranged on a regular surface lattice, which can be imaged directly in frozen physiological solutions. Advances in electron crystallographic techniques have also been important, enabling analysis of the closed- and open-channel forms of the receptor in unreacted tubes or tubes reacted briefly with ACh. The structural differences between these two forms show that all five subunits participate in a concerted conformational change communicating the effect of ACh binding to the gate, but that three of them (αγ, β and δ) play a dominant role. Flexing of oppositely facing pore-lining α-helices is the principal motion determining the closed/open state of the gate. These results together with the findings of biochemical, biophysical and other structural studies allow an integrated description of the receptor and of its mode of action at the synapse.
Ecological services performed by the bonobo (Pan paniscus): seed dispersal effectiveness in tropical forest
Authors: Beaune David , Bretagnolle François , Bollache Loïc , Bourson Chloé , Hohmann Gottfried , Fruth Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:Survival of Afrotropical primary forests depends not only on habitat protection but also on the protection of animal species such as frugivorous primates, recognized as the most important seed dispersers for many plants. Here we investigate seed-dispersal services by the bonobo (Pan paniscus) in an evergreen lowland tropical rain forest of the Congo Basin. In the long-term research site of LuiKotale, we investigated food habits and seed processing based on 22 mo of behavioural observation, seed trial experiment and long-term daily GPS tracking of a habituated ape community. Bonobos were mainly frugivores (66% of all feeding sessions), spending about 3.5 h d−1swallowing seeds that were transported for an average of 24 h in the gut. On average, an individual bonobo dispersed 172 kg y−1of seeds (or 220000 seeds y−1) of more than 91 plant species by endozoochory over an average distance of 1.2 km from the parent tree. Passed seeds germinated more rapidly, more successfully and had greater post-dispersal survival than unpassed seeds. Bonobo-dispersed plants accounted for 40% of tree species and 65% of individual trees in the study site (12 1-ha plots census). Since bonobos show little functional overlap with other frugivores, the loss of their seed-dispersal services is likely to affect forest structure and dynamics. Our results justify description of the threatened bonobo as a gardener of the Congo forest.
Overlap and resource sharing in coteries of fruit-eating birds
Authors: da Silva Adriano Marcos , de Melo Celine 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:A range of species eating the same fruit suggests that niche overlap can occur, along with potential competition among them. To test if the overlap in the coterie of fruit-eating birds is larger than would be expected by chance, we performed a comparison with coteries generated from the use of null models. The study was carried out in an area of savanna woodland of 127 ha in Uberlândia city, Brazil. Four individuals of five zoochorous plant species were selected and 60 h of focal observation was performed on each species. We recorded species of birds that consumed fruits and the quantity of fruit removed. We used an index of Proportional Similarity (PS) between each pair of plant species, using the relative proportion of fruit taken by each bird species of each plant. The mean value of observed PS was compared with the mean PS generated from randomizations. Thirty-six bird species were recorded eating fruits in the selected plant species. The mean overlap observed (PS = 0.183) was significantly higher (P = 0.032) than the mean overlap generated by the null models (PS = 0.123). This pattern suggests that competition is not an important factor in the formation of the coteries and there is sharing of resources. The abundance of fruits offered, especially in the rainy season, and the relatively low number of frugivorous species may be factors explaining the low influence of interactions and therefore the overlap between coteries.
Metabelian SL(n, ) representations of knot groups IV: twisted Alexander polynomials
Authors: BODEN HANS U. , FRIEDL STEFAN 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper we will study properties of twisted Alexander polynomials of knots corresponding to metabelian representations. In particular we answer a question of Wada about the twisted Alexander polynomial associated to the tensor product of two representations, and we settle several conjectures of Hirasawa and Murasugi.
A case report and epidemiological investigation of axillary lymph node abscess caused byCorynebacterium ulceransin an HIV-1-positive patient
Authors: YOSHIMURA Y. , TACHIKAWA N. , KOMIYA T. , YAMAMOTO A. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYA human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-positive male undergoing antiretroviral therapy was diagnosed with an axillary lymph node abscess caused byCorynebacterium ulcerans, and an environmental survey revealed that the patient's cat as the source of infection.
Hepatitis E virus in England and Wales: indigenous infection is associated with the consumption of processed pork products
Authors: SAID B. , IJAZ S. , CHAND M. A. , KAFATOS G. , TEDDER R. , MORGAN D. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYIndigenously acquired hepatitis E infections have increased substantially in England and Wales since 2010. Epidemiological investigations were undertaken to determine risk factors for the acquisition of infection. A case-control study (25 cases, 75 controls) was used to test the hypothesis that hepatitis E infection was related to consumption of pork products. In a multivariable model, consumption of pork pie [odds ratio (OR) 6·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·41–28·48, P = 0·009] and consumption of ham and sausages purchased from a major UK supermarket chain (OR 10·12, 95% CI 1·68–60·81, P = 0·023) were significantly associated with indigenous infection. The consumption of sausages and ham purchased from the supermarket was highly correlated; however. separate models showed that each variable was significantly associated with infection (OR 7·59, 95% CI 1·81–31·84, P = 0·004 and OR 10·98, 95% CI 1·84–65·35, P = 0·003, respectively). Although contamination of sausages with HEV has previously been shown this study also raises concerns about other processed pork products and whether current practice in preparing these products is sufficient to prevent transmission of HEV.
Family structure and childhood obesity: results of the IDEFICS Project
Authors: Formisano Annarita , Hunsberger Monica , Bammann Karin , Vanaelst Barbara , Molnar Dénes , Moreno Luis A , Tornaritis Michael , Veidebaum Toomas , Lissner Lauren , Barba Gianvincenzo , Siani Alfonso 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the association between family structure and adiposity in children.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study cohort.SettingPrimary schools and kindergartens.SubjectsChildren (n12 350; aged 7·9 (sd1·8) years) for the cross-sectional analysis and children (n5236; at baseline: normal weight, aged 5·9 (sd1·8) years) for the longitudinal study underwent anthropometry. Family structure was analysed as (i) number and type of cohabiting adults and (ii) number of siblings.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, after controlling for covariates, children living with grandparents had significantly higher BMIZ-score than those living with both parents (0·63; 95 % CI 0·33, 0·92v. 0·19; 95 % CI 0·17, 0·22;P< 0·01); in addition, the higher the number of siblings, the lower the BMIZ-score (only child = 0·31; 95 % CI 0·24, 0·38; 1 sibling = 0·19; 95 % CI 0·16, 0·23; 2 siblings = 0·15; 95 % CI 0·09, 0·20; >2 siblings = 0·07, 95 % CI 0·04, 0·19;P< 0·001). Over the 2-year follow-up, differences in weight gain were observed across family-structure categories. Further, the risk of incidence of overweight/obesity was significantly lower the higher the number of siblings living in the household (v. only child: 1 sibling = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·57, 0·96; 2 siblings = 0·63, 95 % CI 0·45, 0·88; >2 siblings = 0·40, 95 % CI 0·21, 0·77), independently of confounders.ConclusionsThe study suggests that an independent association between family structure and childhood obesity exists.
Diseases and pests.
Authors: Bhargava A. , Srivastava S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This chapter covers the diseases (caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses) and pests (insects, birds, rodents and nematodes) of Chenopodium quinoa. Information on their geographical distribution, economic importance (mainly based on the degree of crop damage) and management is provided. Breeding for improved resistance to some pests and diseases is discussed.
Transparency from production to consumption: new challenges for the quinoa market chain.
Authors: Martínez E. A. , Olguín P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

This chapter describes why quinoa is in such demand in the health food market and the particular situation of Chile compared with other countries in the international quinoa market. A new, transparent type of market is proposed to increase the sustainability and resilience of local and global market networks, including for quinoa.
Implications of multiple risk factors for delineation of disease control zones: case study on foot-and-mouth disease occurrence in Uganda.
Authors: Chrisostom A. , Okurut A. A. R. , Tjørnehøj K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the most economically important livestock disease worldwide. It is endemic in Uganda and most other African countries because of multiple risk factors including high livestock density, animal movements, proximity to wild animals, cross-border transactions, wind, water, animal products, utensils and livestock-human contacts. Like other developing countries, animal production and marketing are heavily constrained by limited access to lucrative international markets because of failure to meet the required standards by the World Trade Organization. One of the major strategies to promote disease control and livestock trade in endemic countries was to introduce the concept of disease-free zones within which specific sanitary and market standards have to be met. In Africa, it is only Namibia, Botswana and South Africa that have ever had FMD free OIE-declared zones. In pursuit of possibilities of beef export to EU and other markets within Africa by the year 2020, Uganda delineated two disease control zones (DCZs) in areas with large livestock populations and as a consequence high risk for FMD, thus requiring high capital investment. This paper highlights the multiple risk factors for spread of FMD and the feasibility of creating effective DCZs in pursuit of the international markets. The overall payback and the constraints of setting up such initiatives are discussed, including necessary parallel interventions way beyond setting up the prescribed areas.
Between Motion and Action: The Dialectical Role of Affective Identification in Kenneth Burke
Authors: Kraemer Don J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Taking seriously Kenneth Burke's claim that identification follows property's logic discloses identification's rootedness not only in nonsymbolic motion but also in attitudinal sensation, that midway realm between sheer motion and symbolic action. Burke's key distinction is among three terms, not two—implying consubstantial (not antithetical) relations between pure persuasion and identification. Thus understood, these relations have implications for the New Rhetoric, in particular for how it frames the question of justice.
The Influence of Theology on the Rhetorical Theory of Austin Phelps
Authors: Hirst Russel 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTStudies in the history of rhetoric can be enriched by paying more attention to the relationship between theological belief and rhetorical theory. This article describes ways in which theology shaped the rhetorical theory of Austin Phelps (1820–1890), the fifth Bartlet professor of sacred rhetoric at Andover Theological Seminary, America's first graduate school of theology and a premiere institution for rhetorical education during the nineteenth century.
Use of a perceptually‐regulated test to measure maximal oxygen uptake is valid and feels better
Authors: Evans Harrison , Parfitt Gaynor , Eston Roger 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA maximal, perceptually‐regulated exercise test (PRETmax) whereby participants control the intensity according to preset ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may induce more positive affective responses than a conventional ‘experimenter controlled’ incremental ramp test (Iramp). The authors aimed to assess (1) if a PRETmax could be used to measure O2max and (2) if affective responses differed between the PRETmax and Iramp. Sixteen participants (age 20.5, s=1.2 y) completed a PRETmax which required them to adjust the resistance on a recumbent cycle ergometer to correspond to prescribed RPEs of 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 and an Iramp. Both tests ended with volitional exhaustion. Affect was recorded every minute throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS). There was no difference (P>0.05) between O2max measured by PRETmax (43.5, s=4.1 ml kg−1 min−1) and Iramp (44.3, s=4.9 ml kg−1 min−1). Participants reported feeling significantly less negative (P<0.001) throughout the PRETmax compared to Iramp (average mean difference FS = 1.4, s=0.1). The PRETmax has application in situations where the direct measurement of O2max is required and the affective responses of the individual are considered to be important.
A time-reversal invariant topological phase at the surface of a 3D topological insulator
Authors: Bonderson Parsa , Nayak Chetan , Qi Xiao-Liang 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A 3D fermionic topological insulator has a gapless Dirac surface state protected by time-reversal symmetry and charge conservation symmetry. The surface state can be gapped by introducing ferromagnetism to break time-reversal symmetry, introducing superconductivity to break charge conservation, or entering a topological phase. In this paper, we construct a minimal gapped topological phase that preserves both time-reversal and charge conservation symmetries and supports Ising-type non-Abelian anyons. This phase can be understood heuristically as emerging from a surface s-wave superconducting state via the condensation of eight-vortex composites. The topological phase inherits vortices supporting Majorana zero modes from the surface superconducting state. However, since it is time-reversal invariant, the surface topological phase is a distinct phase from the Ising topological phase, which can be viewed as a quantum-disordered spin-polarized p

x
+ ip

y
superconductor. We discuss the anyon model of this topological phase and the manner in which time-reversal symmetry is realized in it. We also study the interfaces between the topological state and other surface gapped phases.