bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Content and Structure Aspects of the Self: Traits, Values, and Self‐Improvement
Authors: Roccas Sonia , Sagiv Lilach , Oppenheim Shani , Elster Andrey , Gal Avigail 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResearch on the structure of the self has mostly developed separately from research on its content. Taking an integrative approach, we studied two structural aspects of the self associated with self‐improvement—self‐discrepancies and perceived mutability—by focusing on two content areas, traits and values. In Studies 1A–C, 337 students (61% female) reported self‐discrepancies in values and traits, with the finding that self‐discrepancies in values are smaller than in traits. In Study 2 (80 students, 41% female), we experimentally induced either high or low mutability and measured perceived mutability of traits and values. We found that values are perceived as less mutable than traits. In Study 3, 99 high school students (60% female) reported their values, traits, and the extent to which they wish to change them. We found that values predict the wish to change traits, whereas traits do not predict the wish to change values. In Study 4, 172 students (47.7% female) were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in which they received feedback denoting either uniqueness or similarity to others, on either their values or their traits. The results indicated that feedback that one's values (but not traits) are unique affected self‐esteem. Integrating between theories of content and structure of the self can contribute to the development of both.
Curculigoside promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells from ovariectomized rats
Authors: Shen Qingping , Zeng Deliang , Zhou Yong , Xia Lunguo , Zhao Yanfan , Qiao Guangyang , Xu Lianyi , Liu Yan , Zhu Ziyuan , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Curculigoside, a natural compound isolated from the medicinal plant Curculigo orchioides has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of curculigoside on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods
The toxicity, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs cultured with various concentrations (0 as control, 10, 100 and 500 µm) of curculigoside were measured by viability assay, MTT analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining and mineralization assay, real-time PCR analysis on osteogenic genes including ALP, type I collagen (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as well as OPG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Key findings
No significant cytotoxicity was observed for BMSCs after supplementation with curculigoside. The proliferation of BMSCs was enhanced after administration of curculigoside, especially 100 µm curculigoside. Moreover, the osteogenic gene expression was significantly enhanced with 100 µm curculigoside treatment. Importantly, curculigoside significantly increased OPG secretion.

Conclusions
The data indicate that curculigoside could promote BMSC proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The most profound response was observed with 100 µm curculigoside. These findings may be valuable for understanding the mechanism of the effect of curculigoside on bone, especially in relation to osteoporosis.
Efficacy and Quality of Life Outcomes of Oxybutynin for Treating Palmar Hyperhidrosis in Children Younger than 14 Years Old
Authors: Wolosker Nelson , Schvartsman Claudio , Krutman Mariana , Campbell Taiz Pereira Dozono Almeida , Kauffman Paulo , de Campos Jose Ribas M. , Puech‐Leão Pedro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe effects of oxybutynin for treating hyperhidrosis in children are still unknown. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxybutynin on improving symptoms of hyperhidrosis and quality of life (QOL) in children with palmar hyperhidrosis (PH). Forty‐five children ages 7–14 years with PH were evaluated 6 weeks after protocol treatment with oxybutynin. QOL was evaluated before and after treatment using a validated clinical questionnaire. More than 85% of the children with PH treated with oxybutynin experienced moderate or greater improvement in the level of sweating and 80% experienced improvement in QOL. Children who initially presented with very poor QOL were those who benefited most from oxybutynin therapy. Side effects occurred in 25 children (55.5%) and were mainly dry mouth. Only one patient had neurologic symptoms, which was reported as drowsiness. Oxybutynin is an effective treatment option for children with PH because it improves clinical symptoms and QOL. Further studies are required to determine the long‐term outcomes of treatment with oxybutynin.
Lichen Nitidus with Involvement of the Palms
Authors: Çakmak Seray Külcü , Ünal Emine , Gönül Müzeyyen , Yayla Derya , Özhamam Esra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl presented with hyperkeratotic, pitted, skin‐colored papules on a slightly erythematous surface on her palms and erythematous and squamous papules around her ankles. She was clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with lichen nitidus, which is observed rarely on the palms.
Baboon‐Like Syndrome in Children
Authors: Neri Iria , Dondi Arianna , Ricci Lorenza , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBaboon syndrome is a combination of diffuse symmetrical erythema on the major flexural areas and V‐shaped erythema on both upper anteromedial thighs. Infectious agents have been described as possible triggers. We describe for the first time baboon syndrome in a child induced by a coinfection with Epstein‐Barr virus and cytomegalovirus.
Epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia in India: prevalence, age structure, risk factors and the role of a predictive score for detection
Authors: Shah Naman K. , Poole Charles , MacDonald Pia D. M. , Srivastava Bina , Schapira Allan , Juliano Jonathan J. , Anvikar Anup , Meshnick Steven R. , Valecha Neena , Mishra Neelima 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and determine the prevalence, age structure and the viability of a predictive model for detection.MethodsWe collected data from 21 therapeutic efficacy trials conducted in India during 2009–2010 and estimated the contribution of each age group to the reservoir of transmission. We built a predictive model for gametocytemia and calculated the diagnostic utility of different score cut‐offs from our risk score.ResultsGametocytemia was present in 18% (248/1 335) of patients and decreased with age. Adults constituted 43%, school‐age children 45% and under fives 12% of the reservoir for potential transmission. Our model retained age, sex, region and previous antimalarial drug intake as predictors of gametocytemia. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.76 (95%CI:0.73,0.78), and a cut‐off of 14 or more on a risk score ranging from 0 to 46 provided 91% (95%CI:88,95) sensitivity and 33% (95%CI:31,36) specificity for detecting gametocytemia.ConclusionsGametocytemia was common in India and varied by region. Notably, adults contributed substantially to the reservoir for potential transmission. Predictive modelling to generate a clinical algorithm for detecting gametocytemia did not provide sufficient discrimination for targeting interventions.
Effectiveness of a real‐time clinical decision support system for computerized physician order entry of plasma orders
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Reddy Vivek , Waters Jonathan H. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWe investigated the effect of implementing adaptive plasma ordering criteria in the computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system, with alerts that were automatically generated if the recipient's antecedent international normalized ratio (INR) did not meet the institutional criteria.Study Design and MethodsIn a regional health care system consisting of 11 hospitals using a common CPOE, data on the number of plasma orders and alerts that were generated were collected over a 4‐month period before prescribers were required to select an indication for plasma. When adaptive ordering was implemented prescribers had to choose from prepopulated indications for plasma: INR of 1.6 or greater with bleeding, INR of 1.6 or greater before an invasive procedure, therapeutic exchange, massive transfusion, and other. Regardless of the antecedent INR the alert did not trigger if massive transfusion or plasmapheresis was selected. Information on prescribers and recipients was collected during this 5‐month period.ResultsIn the 4‐month period before the adaptive alerts were implemented, 42.9% of the plasma orders generated an alert; in the 5‐month period thereafter the alert rate was significantly lower at 27.9% (p < 0.0001). The percentage of heeded alerts increased during the adaptive alert period (24.3% vs. 17.1%, respectively, p = 0.004). A significant percentage (45%) of other plasma orders were for periprocedure or bleeding patients whose antecedent INR was less than 1.6. There were significant differences in prescriber specialties among those who ordered plasma using the other indication compared to all plasma orders.ConclusionElectronic interventions improve compliance with plasma guidelines but as implemented are not sufficient to completely curtail non–evidence‐based ordering.
Male and Female Plasmodium falciparum Mature Gametocytes Show Different Responses to Antimalarial Drugs
Authors: Delves Michael J. , Ruecker Andrea , Straschil Ursula , Lelièvre Jöel , Marques Sara , López-Barragán María José , Herreros Esperanza , Sinden Robert E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

It is the mature gametocytes of
Plasmodium
that are solely responsible for parasite transmission from the mammalian host to the mosquito. They are therefore a logical target for transmission-blocking antimalarial interventions, which aim to break the cycle of reinfection and reduce the prevalence of malaria cases. Gametocytes, however, are not a homogeneous cell population. They are sexually dimorphic, and both males and females are required for parasite transmission. Using two bioassays, we explored the effects of 20 antimalarials on the functional viability of both male and female mature gametocytes of
Plasmodium falciparum
. We show that mature male gametocytes (as reported by their ability to produce male gametes, i.e., to exflagellate) are sensitive to antifolates, some endoperoxides, methylene blue, and thiostrepton, with submicromolar 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s), whereas female gametocytes (as reported by their ability to activate and form gametes expressing the marker Pfs25) are much less sensitive to antimalarial intervention, with only methylene blue and thiostrepton showing any significant activity. These findings show firstly that the antimalarial responses of male and female gametocytes differ and secondly that the mature male gametocyte should be considered a more vulnerable target than the female gametocyte for transmission-blocking drugs. Given the female-biased sex ratio of
Plasmodium falciparum
(∼3 to 5 females:1 male), current gametocyte assays without a sex-specific readout are unlikely to identify male-targeted compounds and prioritize them for further development. Both assays reported here are being scaled up to at least medium throughput and will permit identification of key transmission-blocking molecules that have been overlooked by other screening campaigns.
ACH-806, an NS4A Antagonist, Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Altering the Composition of Viral Replication Complexes
Authors: Yang Wengang , Sun Yongnian , Hou Xiaohong , Zhao Yongsen , Fabrycki Joanne , Chen Dawei , Wang Xiangzhu , Agarwal Atul , Phadke Avinash , Deshpande Milind , Huang Mingjun 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Treatment of hepatitis C patients with direct-acting antiviral drugs involves the combination of multiple small-molecule inhibitors of distinctive mechanisms of action. ACH-806 (or GS-9132) is a novel, small-molecule inhibitor specific for hepatitis C virus (HCV). It inhibits viral RNA replication in HCV replicon cells and was active in genotype 1 HCV-infected patients in a proof-of-concept clinical trial (1). Here, we describe a potential mechanism of action (MoA) wherein ACH-806 alters viral replication complex (RC) composition and function. We found that ACH-806 did not affect HCV polyprotein translation and processing, the early events of the formation of HCV RC. Instead, ACH-806 triggered the formation of a homodimeric form of NS4A with a size of 14 kDa (p14) both in replicon cells and in Huh-7 cells where NS4A was expressed alone. p14 production was negatively regulated by NS3, and its appearance in turn was associated with reductions in NS3 and, especially, NS4A content in RCs due to their accelerated degradation. A previously described resistance substitution near the N terminus of NS3, where NS3 interacts with NS4A, attenuated the reduction of NS3 and NS4A conferred by ACH-806 treatment. Taken together, we show that the compositional changes in viral RCs are associated with the antiviral activity of ACH-806. Small molecules, including ACH-806, with this novel MoA hold promise for further development and provide unique tools for clarifying the functions of NS4A in HCV replication.
A Phenotype at Last: Essential Role for the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System in a Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cell Model
Authors: Walker Kimberly A. , Maltez Vivien I. , Hall Joshua D. , Vitko Nicholas P. , Miller Virginia L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The highly pathogenic
Yersinia enterocolitica
strains have a chromosomally encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) that is expressed and functional
in vitro
only when the bacteria are cultured at 26°C. Mutations that render this system nonfunctional are slightly attenuated in the mouse model of infection only following an oral inoculation and only at early time points postinfection. The discrepancy between the temperature required for the Ysa gene expression and the physiological temperature required for mammalian model systems has made defining the role of this T3SS challenging. Therefore, we explored the use of
Drosophila
S2 cells as a model system for studying Ysa function. We show here that
Y. enterocolitica
is capable of infecting S2 cells and replicating intracellularly to high levels, an unusual feature of this pathogen. Importantly, we show that the Ysa T3SS is required for robust intracellular replication. A secretion-deficient mutant lacking the secretin gene,
ysaC
, is defective in replication within S2 cells, marking the first demonstration of a pronounced Ysa-dependent virulence phenotype. Establishment of S2 cells as a model for
Y. enterocolitica
infection provides a versatile tool to elucidate the role of the Ysa T3SS in the life cycle of this gastrointestinal pathogen.
The ‘Jedward’ versus the ‘Mohawk’: a prospective study on a paediatric distraction technique
Authors: Fogarty Eoin , Dunning Eilis , Koe Stanley , Bolger Turlough , Martin Ciara 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the use of a standard hospital glove, inflated as a balloon with a face drawn on it, as a distraction technique in children with an acute injury.MethodsWe designed a study to assess the ‘best’ way to orientate the glove when drawing a face on it. A prospective study was performed in the authors’ institution, where all children between the ages of 2 and 8 years presenting during the study period were given the option of playing with one of two glove balloons with a face drawn on it in two different ways.Results149 paediatric patients were assessed, of whom 136 picked a glove, 75 picked the ‘Jedward’ version and 61 the ‘Mohawk’ version.ConclusionsA standard hospital glove, inflated as a balloon with a face drawn on it, is a useful distraction for children with an acute injury. The face drawn should be drawn ‘Jedward’ style.
Electrophysiological Features Differentiating the Atypical Atrioventricular Node–Dependent Long RP Supraventricular Tachycardias
Authors: Ho Reginald T. , Frisch Daniel R. , Pavri Behzad B. , Levi Steven A. , Greenspon Arnold J. 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Diagnosing atypical atrioventricular node-dependent long RP supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) can be challenging.

Methods and Results—

Nineteen patients with 20 SVTs (atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia without [n=11]/with [n=3] a bystander nodofascicular [NF] accessory pathway, orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia [ORT] using a decremental atrioventricular [permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia; n=4] or NF [NF reentrant tachycardia; n=2]) accessory pathway underwent electrophysiological study. Postpacing interval (PPI)–tachycardia cycle length (TCL), corrected PPI, ∆VA (ventriculoatrial), ∆HA (His-atrial), ∆AH (atrio-His) values, and responses to His-refractory ventricular premature depolarizations were studied. Compared with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, ORT patients were younger (42±13 years versus 54±19 years;
P
=0.036) and were women (5/6 [83%] versus 3/14 [21%];
P
=0.036); TCLs were similar (435 ms versus 429 ms; 95% confidence interval, −47.5 to 35.5). PPI–TCL was shorter for ORT (118 ms versus 176 ms; 95% confidence interval, 26.3–89.7) but only 50% had PPI–TCL <115 ms, whereas 5 of 6 (83%) had PPI–TCL <125 ms (sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 100%). Corrected PPI <110 ms, ∆VA <85 ms, and ∆HA <0 ms had equivalent sensitivity (67%) and 100% specificity for ORT. Compared with permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia, NF reentrant tachycardia/atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia had longer ∆AH (29 ms versus 10 ms; 95% confidence interval, 3.03–35.0) or AH
(SVT)
<AH
(NSR)
(normal sinus rhythm) His-refractory ventricular premature depolarizations advanced (4/8 [50%]), delayed (4/8 [50%]), or terminated (5/8 [63%]) SVT in all accessory pathway patients.

Conclusions—

This unusual SVT requires separate maneuvers to delineate its upper and lower circuit. Standard entrainment criteria are modestly sensitive but highly specific for ORT; and PPI–TCL of 125 ms seems better than 115 ms. The ∆AH criteria, or paradoxically AH
(SVT)
<AH
(NSR)
, differentiates NF reentrant tachycardia/atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Bystander accessory pathways were only identified by His-refractory ventricular premature depolarizations.
Crisis – What crisis? The jobless society and Italian cinema in the early 2000s
Authors: Testa Carlo 
Published: April 2013

This article proposes a synthetic analysis and contextualization of the most significant, thought-provoking films made in Italy during the first decade of the twenty-first century which thematize or in other ways convey the circumstances of today’s growing social inequality. Such circumstances entail collective and individual trauma, loss of security and well-being in individuals and families, indeed an increase in family breakdown – in other words, a pervasive social crisis. The films examined are: F Comencini’s Mobbing ( Mi piace lavorare, 2003); Tavarelli’s Break Free ( Liberi, 2003); Cappuccio’s I Only Wanted to Sleep On Top of Her ( Volevo solo dormirle addosso, 2004); Amelio’s The Missing Star ( La stella che non c’è, 2006); Soldini’s Days and Clouds ( Giorni e nuvole, 2007); P Virzì’s A Whole Life Ahead ( Tutta la vita davanti, 2008); and Venier’s The 1000 Euro Generation ( Generazione Mille Euro, 2009). While the extremely diverse richness of these films from the formal and existential viewpoint does not allow for their (un-systemic) commonalities to be captured by any specific formula, they do share one broad general attitude toward their public: they all refuse to manipulate it by exploitative narrative strategies (the term ‘exploitative’ here means that a film both oversimplifies/dumbs down and spectacularizes issues for box-office purposes). By their very complexity, these seven films put in place an honest and intelligent mimesis of the world that surrounds us and thus fulfil what can be argued to be the essential requirement of a solid realism.
Global climate changes drive ecological specialization of mammal faunas: trends in rodent assemblages from the Iberian Plio-Pleistocene
Authors: Gómez Cano Ana R , Cantalapiedra Juan L , Mesa Aurora , Moreno Bofarull Ana , Hernández Fernández Manuel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral macroevolutionary hypotheses propose a synchrony between climatic changes and variations in the structure of faunal communities. Some of them focus on the importance of the species ecological specialization because of its effects on evolutionary processes and the resultant patterns. Particularly, Vrba’s turnover pulse hypothesis and resource-use hypothesis revolve around the importance of biome inhabitation. In order to test these hypotheses, we used the Biomic Specialization Index, which is based on the number of biomes occupied by each species, and evaluated the changes in the relative importance of generalist and specialist rodents in more than forty fossil sites from the Iberian Plio-Pleistocene.ResultsOur results indicate that there was a decrease in the specialization degree of rodent faunas during the Pliocene due to the global cooling that triggered the onset of the glacial events of the Cenozoic (around 2.75 Ma). The subsequent faunal transition after this critical paleoenvironmental event was characterized by an increase of specialization related to the adaptation to the new environmental conditions, which was mainly associated with the Pleistocene radiation of Arvicolinae (voles).ConclusionsThe pattern of faunal turnover is correlated with the development of the modern glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere around 2.75 Ma, and represents a reorganization of the rodent communities, as suggested by the turnover pulse hypothesis. Our data also support the resource-use hypothesis, which presumes the role of the degree of specialization in resources specifically related to particular biomes as a driver of differential speciation and extinction rates. These results stress the intimate connection between ecological and evolutionary changes.