bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veneer walls of masonry as specified in EC 6 (DIN EN 1996‐2/NA) / Zweischaliges Mauerwerk nach EC 6 (DIN EN 1996‐2/NA)
Authors: Altaha Nasser 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article deals with the production of veneer walls as specified in DIN EN 1996‐2/NA [3]. Against this background of the extensive revision of the section for veneer walls an exposition in accordance with the previous requirements as specified in DIN 1053‐1 can hardly be recommended. The necessity for a basic revision of the section for veneer wall construction has already been discussed in detail and justified in several technical articles published in previous years, see [4] to [7].With many changes and corrections in the section for veneer walls in the National Annex of DIN EN 1996‐2 [8] it is certainly not a question of new rules for this method of building, but an adjustment of the requirements in the previous standard on the basis of the practical experience gained over several years. The new requirements for the execution of cavity facing masonry enable a simple and economic implementation of this external wall construction.
National Standards of the People’s Republic of China – Thoughts of revision on technical specification for application of autoclaved aerated concrete / Nationale Standards der Volksrepublik China – Gedanken zur Überarbeitung der technischen Spezifikationen für die Anwendung von dampfgehärtetem Porenbeton
Authors: GAO Lianyu , ZHANG Jingjie , XU Chunyi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe revision task on technical specification for application of autoclaved aerated concrete products JGJ/T17 is under way, which was assigned in November 2013.The framework, thoughts and contents of revision on the specification are presented in this paper.
Fast Line Detection by Hough Transform Using Inter‐Image Operations
Authors: MURAKAMI KENJI , ABOSHI MAKOTO , KINOSHITA KOJI , ISSHIKI MASAHARU 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYIn image analysis, it is important to detect lines (straight lines) that represent the edges of an object in the image. The most popular technique for line detection is the Hough transform. In this transform, peaks resulting in the accumulator array that are obtained through a voting procedure in the parameter space represent strong evidence that a corresponding line exists in the image. In the voting procedure, large numbers of votes that are far from the peaks are unnecessary and reduce the speed of the transform. In this paper, we propose a method to speed up this process by introducing a procedure in image space that removes lines except for limited directions. This procedure makes it possible to reduce the voting range and to remove unnecessary votes. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method performs effectively.
Investigation of Price Variation Limits, Short Selling Regulation, and Uptick Rules and Their Optimal Design by Artificial Market Simulations
Authors: MIZUTA TAKANOBU , IZUMI KIYOSHI , YAGI ISAO , YOSHIMURA SHINOBU 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYWe built an artificial market model and compared the effects of price variation limits, short sell regulations, and uptick rules. When there were no regulations, the price fell below the fundamental value when economic bubble collapses occurred. When there were regulations, this overshoot did not occur and the market was more effective. However, the short sell regulations and uptick rules caused the trading prices to be higher than the base value. To summarize these points, the price variation limits have the potential to make the market more effective. We also surveyed an adequate limitation price range and an adequate limitation time span for the price variation limit and found conditions for the parameters for the price variation limit that prevent such overshoots.
Multi‐Agent‐Based Simulation of Knowledge Propagation in Organizations
Authors: HASHIMOTO GAKU , FUJIWARA TAKANORI , SUZUKI MASAAKI , OKUDA HIROSHI , ISE JUNJI , SHIOYA MASANORI 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an agent model based on Nonaka's SECI model for encouraging the propagation of knowledge in organizations. In this model, the complexity of knowledge is expressed as a bit tag, and worker agents and knowledge manager agents are introduced. Parametric studies are performed on the bit tag length and on the internalization rates and communication patterns of the worker agents. We evaluate the acquisition of knowledge in order to verify the present simulation model. Furthermore, a scenario simulation is implemented with respect to employment periods for worker agents and the effectiveness of the multi‐agent model is shown by means of a qualitative evaluation of knowledge variations corresponding to joining and leaving an organization.
Method of Time‐Delay Compensation in Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Bilateral Control Systems with Different Configurations
Authors: OHNO YOSHIKI , SHIMAMOTO KEITA , MIZOGUCHI TAKAHIRO , OHNISHI KOUHEI 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, a time‐delay compensation method based on a work space communication disturbance observer (WCDOB) is proposed. Time delay degrades the stability of a control system. A communication disturbance observer (CDOB) has been proposed to solve this problem. However, CDOB cannot compensate for time delay in multi‐degree‐of‐freedom bilateral control systems with different configurations, because the inertia of the robots is not fixed. In contrast, WCDOB can estimate the time delay based on work space information and compensate for them. The experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed method.
An L1‐Approximation for the Design of FIR Digital Filters with Complex Coefficients
Authors: MURAKAMI IKUYA , MORI YUKIO , AIKAWA NAOYUKI 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an L1‐approximation for the design of FIR digital filters with complex coefficients. The L1‐approximation has the advantage of having a flatter passband and a small overshoot around the discontinuity point as compared with the L2‐approximation and ‐approximation. As the obtained filter has complex coefficients, it is possible to reduce group delay and to design a digital filter with a asymmetric amplitude characteristic with respect to the origin. The algorithm proposed in this paper is based on Newton's method, which is an efficient iterative approximation algorithm. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method through a design example.
Upgradation of Ultralow‐Gradation Images by Using Spatial Features
Authors: KATO TETSUYA , SAITOH FUMIHIKO 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method that obtains high‐tone images from ultra‐low‐tone image by using spatial features. Areas are smoothed when the adjacent tone value of the area of interest is continuous, but areas are saved as edges when the adjacent tone value of the area of interest is discontinuous. Thus the area of interest can be classified into six patterns by area. Low‐gradation images are changed into high‐gradation images by processing with each pattern. Comparative experiments indicated that the proposed method was quantitatively and visually better than existing methods. The proposed method can change ultra‐low‐tone images into naturally high‐gradation images.
Evaluation of Volume Tiering Method and SSD Cache Method in Tiered Storage System
Authors: HAYASHI SHINICHI , KOMODA NORIHISA 
Published: June 2015

SUMMARYWe evaluated the storage I/O response time with the volume tiering method and the SSD cache method on tiered storage having SSD and HDD. The simulation results show that the volume tiering method improves the storage performance with low I/O locality workload and small SSD capacity. The SSD cache method is effective with read‐intensive and high I/O locality workloads. Utilizing both methods simultaneously reduces the storage I/O response time by up to 20% with write‐intensive workloads and large SSD capacity compared to using the volume tiering method or the SSD cache method separately.
The prognostic value of arterial blood gas analysis in high‐risk acute heart failure patients: an analysis of the Korean Heart Failure (KorHF) registry
Authors: Park Jin Joo , Choi Dong‐Ju , Yoon Chang‐Hwan , Oh Il‐Young , Lee Ju Hyun , Ahn Soyeon , Yoo Byung‐Su , Kang Seok‐Min , Kim Jae‐Joong , Baek Sang‐Hong , Cho Myeong‐Chan , Jeon Eun‐Seok , Chae Shung Chull , Ryu Kyu‐Hyung , Oh Byung‐Hee ,   on behalf of the KorHF Registry
Published: June 2015

AimsIn acute heart failure (AHF) patients, pulmonary oedema and low tissue perfusion may lead to changes in the acid–base balance, which may be associated with worse outcomes.Methods and resultsIn this prospective nationwide cohort study from 24 academic hospitals, arterial blood gas (ABG) was measured in 1982 AHF patients at hospital admission. Acidosis was defined as pH <7.36, and alkalosis as pH >7.44. Mortality was stratified according to ABG results. Overall, 19% had acidosis, 37% had normal pH, and 44% had alkalosis. The most common type of acidosis was the mixed type (42%) followed by metabolic acidosis (40%), and the most common type of alkalosis was respiratory alkalosis (58%). At 12 months' follow‐up 304 patients (15%) died. Patients with acidosis had higher mortality (acidosis 19.5%, neutral pH 13.7%, alkalosis 14.9%; P = 0.007). In the Cox proportional‐hazards regression model, acidosis was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.93; 95% confidence intervals 1.27–2.93) along with N‐terminal pro‐brain type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), among others. In contrast, alkalosis was not associated with increased mortality. pH had an incremental prognostic value over NT‐proBNP (net reclassification improvement 30%; P < 0.001), and ABG analysis identified extra patients at increased risk for mortality among patients with an NT‐proBNP level less than the median (12‐month mortality 17.5% vs. 9.9%; P = 0.009).ConclusionIn high‐risk AHF patients, the most common acid–base imbalance is respiratory alkalosis. Acidosis is observed in every fifth patient and is a significant predictor of mortality. pH provides an additional prognostic value and may be used to optimize risk stratification in high‐risk AHF patients.
4‐(Acetylthio)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl and 4‐(tert‐Butyldisulfanyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl as Protecting Groups for Nucleoside 5′‐Phosphoramidates Derived from L‐Alanine Methyl Ester
Authors: Sontakke Vyankat A. , Lönnberg Harri , Ora Mikko 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhosphoramidates 1 and 2 were synthesized by H‐phosphonate methodology and subsequent oxidative amination with L‐alanine methyl ester. The removal of the protecting groups at pH = 7.5 and 37 °C in the absence and presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE) or glutathione (GSH) was monitored by HPLC. The stability of phosphoramidate 1 was additionally studied at pH = 9 and 10. The reduction of the disulfide bond with glutathione from 2 triggers the removal of the protecting group by cyclization releasing quantitatively nucleoside 5′‐{N‐[(1S)‐2‐oxo‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl]phosphoramidate} (7) as the desired product. With 1, enzymatic deacetylation or acetyl migration from the sulfur atom to the adjacent hydrated oxo group followed by chemical cyclization produces 7. The S–S‐bond‐mediated dimerization (8) competes as a side reaction. Prolonged treatment, however, resulted in the conversion of the S–S dimer 8 into 7 that undergoes slow alanine methyl ester hydrolysis to form 10.
Functionalized Metalated Cavitands via Imidation and Late‐Stage Elaboration
Authors: Zhao Yanchuan , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEfficient methods for the preparation of functionalized metallated cavitands are described. Functional groups can be either introduced by an imidation of metal‐oxo complexes or by a late‐stage elaboration of the imido ligands. By using diversified iminophosphorane (PPh3=NR) reagents, π‐conjugated pyrene, redox active ferrocene, and polymerizable norbornene moieties were successfully introduced. Furthermore, the iodo and alkynyl groups on the imido ligands are capable of undergoing efficient Sonogashira cross‐coupling and copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition reactions, thereby providing facile access to complex architectures containing metallated cavitands.
Prestimulus oscillatory alpha power and connectivity patterns predispose perceptual integration of an audio and a tactile stimulus
Authors: Leonardelli Elisa , Braun Christoph , Weisz Nathan , Lithari Chrysa , Occelli Valeria , Zampini Massimiliano 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo efficiently perceive and respond to the external environment, our brain has to perceptually integrate or segregate stimuli of different modalities. The temporal relationship between the different sensory modalities is therefore essential for the formation of different multisensory percepts. In this magnetoencephalography study, we created a paradigm where an audio and a tactile stimulus were presented by an ambiguous temporal relationship so that perception of physically identical audiotactile stimuli could vary between integrated (emanating from the same source) and segregated. This bistable paradigm allowed us to compare identical bimodal stimuli that elicited different percepts, providing a possibility to directly infer multisensory interaction effects. Local differences in alpha power over bilateral inferior parietal lobules (IPLs) and superior parietal lobules (SPLs) preceded integrated versus segregated percepts of the two stimuli (audio and tactile). Furthermore, differences in long‐range cortical functional connectivity seeded in rIPL (region of maximum difference) revealed differential patterns that predisposed integrated or segregated percepts encompassing secondary areas of all different modalities and prefrontal cortex. We showed that the prestimulus brain states predispose the perception of the audiotactile stimulus both in a global and a local manner. Our findings are in line with a recent consistent body of findings on the importance of prestimulus brain states for perception of an upcoming stimulus. This new perspective on how stimuli originating from different modalities are integrated suggests a non‐modality specific network predisposing multisensory perception. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3486–3498, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered amygdalar resting‐state connectivity in depression is explained by both genes and environment
Authors: Córdova‐Palomera Aldo , Tornador Cristian , Falcón Carles , Bargalló Nuria , Nenadic Igor , Deco Gustavo , Fañanás Lourdes 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent findings indicate that alterations of the amygdalar resting‐state fMRI connectivity play an important role in the etiology of depression. While both depression and resting‐state brain activity are shaped by genes and environment, the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors mediating the relationship between amygdalar resting‐state connectivity and depression remain largely unexplored. Likewise, novel neuroimaging research indicates that different mathematical representations of resting‐state fMRI activity patterns are able to embed distinct information relevant to brain health and disease. The present study analyzed the influence of genes and environment on amygdalar resting‐state fMRI connectivity, in relation to depression risk. High‐resolution resting‐state fMRI scans were analyzed to estimate functional connectivity patterns in a sample of 48 twins (24 monozygotic pairs) informative for depressive psychopathology (6 concordant, 8 discordant and 10 healthy control pairs). A graph‐theoretical framework was employed to construct brain networks using two methods: (i) the conventional approach of filtered BOLD fMRI time‐series and (ii) analytic components of this fMRI activity. Results using both methods indicate that depression risk is increased by environmental factors altering amygdalar connectivity. When analyzing the analytic components of the BOLD fMRI time‐series, genetic factors altering the amygdala neural activity at rest show an important contribution to depression risk. Overall, these findings show that both genes and environment modify different patterns the amygdala resting‐state connectivity to increase depression risk. The genetic relationship between amygdalar connectivity and depression may be better elicited by examining analytic components of the brain resting‐state BOLD fMRI signals. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3761–3776, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunoregulatory functions and expression patterns of PE/PPE family members: Roles in pathogenicity and impact on anti‐tuberculosis vaccine and drug design
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Das Arghya , Mukhopadhyay Sangita 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome was sequenced more than 15 years ago. It revealed a lot of interesting information, one of which was that 10% of the total coding capacity of the M. tuberculosis genome is dedicated to the PE/PPE family. There is a gradual expansion of these proteins from nonpathogenic to pathogenic mycobacteria, and there is increasing evidence that PE/PPE proteins play important roles in mycobacterial pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss PE/PPE proteins, their close functional association with the ESX clusters, their immunomodulatory functions, and their important roles in mycobacterial virulence. In addition, we have attempted to review and compile information available in the literature detailing the expression patterns of PE/PPE family members in different mycobacterial species and also during infection. Our attempt has been to provide a succinct overview of this interesting family. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(6):414–427, 2015
Study of spin–phonon coupling in LiFe1 − xMnxPO4olivines
Authors: Hien Nguyen Thi Minh , Chung Joo Hee , Chen Xiang‐Bai , Kwon Woo Jun , Kim Chul Sung , Yang In‐Sang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLiFe1 − xMnxPO4 olivines are promising material for improved performance of Li‐ion batteries. Spin–phonon coupling of LiFe1 − xMnxPO4 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5) olivines is studied through temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy. Among the observed phonon modes, the external mode at ~263 cm−1 is directly correlated with the motions of magnetic Fe2+/Mn2+ ions. This mode displays anomalous temperature‐dependent behavior near the Néel temperature, indicating a coupling of this mode with spin ordering. As Mn doping increases, the anomalous behavior becomes clearly weaker, indicating the spin–phonon coupling quickly decreases. Our analyses show that the quick decrease of spin–phonon coupling is due to decrease of the strength of spin–phonon coupling, but not change of spin‐ordering feature with Mn doping. Importantly, we suggest that the low electrochemical activity of LiMnPO4 is correlated with the weak spin–phonon coupling strength, but not with the weak ferromagnetic ground state. Our work would play an important role as a guide in improving the performances of future Li‐ion batteries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic endonasal surgery for benign fibro‐osseous lesions of the pediatric skull base
Authors: Stapleton Amanda L. , Tyler‐Kabara Elizabeth C. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of benign fibro‐osseous tumors involving the skull base in a pediatric population.MethodsRetrospective chart review from January 2002 to September 2013 of pediatric patients (ages 0–18 years) who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for benign fibro‐osseous tumors involving the skull base.ResultsFourteen patients were identified with an age range of 2.7 to 17.9 years (mean, 12.5 years). Six juvenile ossifying fibromas, five benign fibro‐osseous lesions, two osteomas, and one fibrous dysplasia were treated. Ocular symptoms and nasal obstruction were the most common presenting symptoms in nine (64%) and six (43%) of patients, respectively; five (36%) presented with proptosis and four (29%) with diplopia. Two (14%) patients had cranial nerve VI palsy. Transsellar and transclival approaches were used in five (36%) of patients. Orbital and optic nerve decompressions were the most common components of the approaches performed in nine (64%) of the surgeries. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved with single‐stage surgery in 10 (71%) patients; two additional patients underwent staged GTR. Two intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occurred and were repaired endoscopically. There were no postoperative CSF leaks or infectious complications. Two patients had transient diplopia, and two had transient diabetes insipidus, all of which resolved. The mean follow‐up was 13.8 months. Two patients had a recurrence, and both required additional EES achieving GTR.ConclusionsEES for benign fibro‐osseous tumors of the skull base is a safe and effective treatment for excision of these lesions in the pediatric population.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2199–2203, 2015
Emergent Awake tracheostomy—The five‐year experience at an urban tertiary care center
Authors: Fang Christina H. , Friedman Remy , White Priscilla E. , Mady Leila J. , Kalyoussef Evelyne 
Published: June 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThere are few studies that discuss the issues surrounding emergent awake tracheostomy. We aim to review the indications, anesthesia used, complications, and outcomes of patients undergoing urgent awake tracheostomy.Study DesignChart review.MethodsMedical charts of patients who underwent an emergent awake tracheostomy at our institution‐affiliated tertiary care center over a 5‐year period from 2009 to 2014 were reviewed. Data were collected from inpatient, outpatient, and operative records.ResultsSixty‐eight patients underwent emergent awake tracheostomy. Over half presented with hoarseness (n = 37, 54.4%) and/or stridor (n = 37, 54.4%). Acute upper airway obstruction secondary to malignancy was the most common indication and accounted for 58 cases (85.3%). Thirty‐nine (70.1%) of the 55 patients with squamous cell carcinoma presented with advanced disease (stage III or IV). Other indications included glottic or subglottic stenosis (4.4%), failure to intubate (2.9%), and other (7.4%). Local anesthesia was used alone in 35.3% of cases and in combination with conscious sedation in 64.7% of cases. Mild bleeding occurred postoperatively in five patients (7.4%). There were no other postoperative complications. Nineteen patients were lost to follow‐up. The mean follow‐up of 49 patients was 7.2 weeks, ranging from 2 to 261 weeks. Long‐term complications occurred in three patients and included tracheitis 7.4% and suprastomal granuloma 2.9%. Eleven patients (22%) were decannulated at a mean of 11.8 months following tracheostomy.ConclusionsEmergent awake tracheostomy should be considered in patients with impeding airway obstruction and is a safe and effective method to secure an airway in these patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2476–2479, 2015