bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing CLABSIs Among Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Inpatients: National Collaborative Results
Authors: Bundy David G. , Gaur Aditya H. , Billett Amy L. , He Bing , Colantuoni Elizabeth A. , Miller Marlene R. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Central lines (CLs) are essential for the delivery of modern cancer care to children. Nonetheless, CLs are subject to potentially life-threatening complications, including central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a multicenter effort to standardize CL care and CLABSI tracking, and to quantify the impact of standardizing these processes on CLABSI rates among pediatric hematology/oncology inpatients.

METHODS:
We conducted a multicenter quality improvement collaborative starting in November 2009. Multidisciplinary teams at participating sites implemented a standardized bundle of CL care practices and adopted a common approach to CLABSI surveillance.

RESULTS:
Thirty-two units participated in the collaborative and reported a mean, precollaborative CLABSI rate of 2.85 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days. Self-reported adoption of the CL care bundle was brisk, with average compliance approaching 80% by the end of the first year of the collaborative and exceeding 80% thereafter. As of August 2012, the mean CLABSI rate during the collaborative was 2.04 CLABSIs per 1000 CL-days, a reduction of 28% (relative risk: 0.71 [95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.92]). Changes in self-reported CL care bundle compliance were not statistically associated with changes in CLABSI rates, although there was little variability in bundle compliance rates after the first year of the collaborative.

CONCLUSIONS:
A multicenter quality improvement collaborative found significant reductions in observed CLABSI rates in pediatric hematology/oncology inpatients. Additional interventions will likely be required to bring and sustain CLABSI rates closer to zero for this high-risk population.
Herdförmige Meningitis bei einem Kalifornischen Seelöwen (Zalophus californianus) – Diagnostik und pathologische Befunde
Authors: Eskens U. , Hartmann A. , Braun V. , Schmidt M. J. , von Hegel G. , Lang B. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungEin 15-jähriger, weiblicher Kalifornischer Seelöwe (Zalophus californianus) mit progressiver Lähmung der Hintergliedmaßen und einer chronischen Hautwunde wurde zur Untersuchung vorgestellt. Die neurologische Untersuchung mit dem Befund einer Paraparese der Hinterhand wurde durch eine magnetresonanztomographische Untersuchung ergänzt. In der MRT-Darstellung der Hals- und Brustwirbelsäule zeigte sich zwischen dem siebten Halswirbel (C7) und dem zweiten Brustwirbel (Th2) eine gut abgrenzbare, die Muskulatur infiltrierende Masse, die durch das Foramen intervertebrale zwischen C7 und Th1 in den Wirbelkanal zog und das Rückenmark komprimierte und verdrängte. Die pathologische Untersuchung ergab eine herdförmige eitrige Meningitis infolge eines weitreichenden Fistelprozesses. Den Ausgangspunkt stellte die chronische Hautwunde dar, die mit Escherichia coli var. haemolytica und Clostridium perfringens infiziert war.
Parent-Reported Family Functioning among Children with Cleft Lip/Palate
Authors: Crerand Canice E. , Rosenberg Janine , Magee Leanne , Stein Margot B. , Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Broder Hillary L. 
Published: November 2014

Objective To examine family functioning related to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in youth with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) Design Cross-sectional, multi-site investigation. Setting Six U.S. cleft centers. Patients/Participants A diverse sample of 1200 children with CL/P and their parents. Main Outcome Measure Parents completed the Family Environment Scale (FES), which assesses three domains of family functioning: cohesion (or closeness), expressiveness (open expression of feelings), and conflict. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also assessed including race, ethnicity, type of insurance, and surgical recommendations. Results The FES scores for families seeking team evaluations for their youth with CL/P (mean age = 11.6 years) fall within the average range compared with normative samples. Families receiving surgical recommendations for their youth also had FES scores in the average range, yet families of children recommended for functional surgery reported greater cohesion, expressiveness, and less conflict compared with those recommended for aesthetic surgery ( P < .05). For cohesion and expressiveness, significant main effects for race ( P = .012, P < .0001, respectively) and ethnicity ( P = .004, P < .0001, respectively) were found but not for their interaction. No significant differences were found on the conflict domain. Families with private insurance reported significantly greater cohesion ( P < .001) and expressiveness ( P < .001) than did families with public insurance. Conclusions Family functioning across domains was in the average range. However, observed differences by race, ethnicity, type of insurance, and surgical recommendation may warrant consideration in clinical management for patients and families.
Comparative analysis of real and ideal wire-slot play in square and rectangular archwires
Authors: Lombardo Luca , Arreghini Angela , Bratti Elena , Mollica Francesco , Spedicato Giorgio , Merlin Mattia , Fortini Annalisa , Siciliani Giuseppe 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the degree to which the height, width, and cross-section of rectangular and square orthodontic archwires affect the play between the archwires and the bracket slot.

Materials and Methods:
The stated measurements (height and width) of 43 archwires from six different manufacturers were compared with real values obtained using a digital gauge. The curvature (radius) of the edge bevels was also measured to calculate the play within the slot, and this measurement was compared with the ideal value.

Results:
The real height and width of the archwires differed from those stated by the manufacturers, falling within the range −6.47% and +5.10%. The curvature of each bevel on each archwire cross-section was shown to differ, and consequently increased the real play between the archwire and slot with respect to the ideal to different degrees.

Conclusions:
The archwire-slot play was greater than the ideal for each archwire considered, inevitably leading to a loss of information within the system.
An Automated Internet Behavioral Weight-Loss Program by Physician Referral: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Thomas J. Graham , Leahey Tricia M. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate 3- and 6-month weight-loss outcomes achieved when physicians refer overweight/obese patients to an automated 3-month Internet-based behavioral weight-loss intervention.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 154 patients age 18–70 years with a BMI between 25 and 45 kg/m2 and access to a personal computer and the Internet were randomly assigned to 3 months of Internet behavioral intervention (IBI; n = 77) with 12 weekly videos teaching behavioral weight-loss skills, a platform for submitting self-monitored data, and automated feedback or an education-only Internet-delivered eating and activity control group (IDEA; n = 77). Outcome measures were weight loss after 3 months (primary outcome) and 6 months and changes in weight-control behaviors (secondary outcomes).

RESULTS
In intent-to-treat analyses with baseline weight carried forward for missing data, IBI produced significantly larger mean (SD) weight losses than IDEA at 3 months (5.5 kg [4.4] vs. 1.3 kg [2.1]) and 6 months (5.4 kg [5.6] vs. 1.3 kg [4.1]) (P &lt; 0.001). Participants in IBI compared with IDEA were also more likely to achieve a clinically significant weight loss of 5% of initial body weight at 3 months (53.3 vs. 9.1%) and 6 months (48.1 vs. 15.6%) (P &lt; 0.001) and reported more frequent use of weight control–related strategies.

CONCLUSIONS
Physician referral to an Internet-based behavioral weight-loss intervention produced clinically significant weight loss for over half of the patients studied. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of implementing this intervention more broadly within diverse health care settings.
Altered Brain Activation Patterns Under Different Working Memory Loads in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chen Yaojing , Liu Zhen , Zhang Junying , Xu Kai , Zhang Sisi , Wei Dongfeng , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has important effects on cognition and the risk for Alzheimer disease (AD). Working memory (WM) is a susceptible cognitive domain of mild cognitive impairment and AD. Thus, the identification of brain activation patterns under different WM loads can potentially enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The current study assessed the effects of T2DM on cognitive performance and explored the related neuronal damage through a visual n-back task and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS
We found that patients with T2DM exhibited worse executive and memory abilities than control subjects. Furthermore, the patterns of brain activation changed under different WM loads in the T2DM patients, who exhibited reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus under low loads and reduced activation in the left middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) under high loads. Thus, more regions of diminished activation were seen in the frontal cortex with increasing task difficulty. Furthermore, we found that lower SFG activation was associated with worse cognitive function.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings demonstrate deficient WM in patients with T2DM and the relation between cognitive function and degree of neuronal activity and their relevance to AD risk. Further longitudinal studies are needed to replicate these results and to evaluate the clinical value of brain imaging methods in the prediction of disease progress in these patients.
Bond Durability of Different Resin Cements to Caries-Affected Dentin Under Simulated Intrapulpal Pressure
Authors: Mohamed MF , El Deeb HA , Gomaa IE , Mobarak EH 
Published: November 2014

SUMMARYObjective:To evaluate the durability of the bond of different resin cement systems to normal dentin (ND) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) with and without simulated intrapulpal pressure (IPP).Methods and MaterialsMolars with midcoronal caries were used. Occlusal enamel was cut to expose both dentin substrates (ND and CAD). Dentin substrates were differentiated using visual, tactile, caries-detecting dye, and dye-permeability methods. Prepared crown segments were equally divided according to the tested resin cement systems: etch-and-rinse resin cement, self-etch resin cement containing methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), and self-adhesive resin cement. In addition to the dentin substrates and the resin cement types, the effect of application/storage conditions (with or without simulated IPP and with or without thermocycling) were tested. A microtensile bond strength test was done using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope.ResultsEtch-and-rinse resin cement strength values were significantly affected by the difference in the dentin substrates as well as the different application/storage conditions. Self-etch adhesive containing MDP bonded equally to ND and CAD and remained stable under all tested conditions. Self-adhesive resin cement revealed a similar bond to ND and CAD; however, its values were the lowest, especially when IPP and thermocycling were combined. Mixed failure was the predominant failure mode.ConclusionsEtch-and-rinse resin cement was sensitive to dentin substrate and application/storage conditions. Resin cement with self-etch adhesive containing MDP revealed more reliable bonding to ND/CAD even when IPP and thermocycling were combined. The bonding of the self-adhesive resin cement could not compete with other resin cements.
Structure and mechanical properties of Zn-(5–25) Al alloys
Authors: Hekimoğlu Ali Paşa , Savaşkan Temel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In order to determine the most suitable chemical composition for the basis of zinc-based ternary and quaternary alloys, five binary Zn-(5–25) Al alloys were prepared by permanent mould casting. Their microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated using metallography and hardness, tensile and compression tests. The microstructure of Zn-5Al alloy consisted of eutectoid α + η and eutectic η phases. However, the microstructures of relatively high aluminium-containing alloys (Zn-10Al and Zn-15Al) consisted of proeutectic β dendrites surrounded by η phase and small rounded α particles. The near eutectoid alloys (Zn-20Al and Zn-25Al) exhibited similar microstructures to those of Zn-10Al and Zn-15Al alloys, but with α-cored β dendrites surrounded by α + η particles. As the aluminium content increased the hardness and strength of the alloys increased, but their impact energy and density decreased. The total percentage elongation of the alloys also decreased with aluminium content, but after showing an initial increase. These observations are discussed in terms of the microstructural features of the alloys.
Correlation of Thyroid Hormone Derangement with Serum Ferritin Level in Children with Beta Thalassaemia Major at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim AKM Rezaul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Deeba Farzana , Fakir Md Hasan Jamal , Matin Abdul 
Published: November 2014

Background: Thalassaemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders. In multi-transfused thalassaemia major patients the thyroid gland function has been reported to be normal, decreased reserve, or primary hypothyroidism.Objective: This study was an attempt to know the thyroid function status in multi-transfused thalassaemic patients and it's correlation with iron overload.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Transfusion centre of Bangladesh Thalassaemia Samity, Dhaka during May 2011 to April 2012. Previously diagnosed cases of thalassaemia major patients with transfusion dependent at any age with both sexes were randomly selected for this study. Serum total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and serum ferritin level were estimated from venous blood.Results: A total of 50 previously diagnosed cases of thalassaemia major patients of which 30 male and 20 female of 4 to 15 years age, transfusion dependent were randomly selected for this study. Hypothyroidism was present in 10(20%) patients. Among these 10 patients compensated primary hypothyroidism was in 5(10%) cases and decompensate primary hypothyroidism was 5(10%) cases. The TSH value of hypothyroid patients was higher. Serum ferritin value was significantly higher in all the three groups of thalassaemic patients. There was no significant correlation between the high serum ferritin value with thyroid stimulating hormone or serum total thyroxin level.Conclusion: All transfusion dependent thalassaemic patients need periodic evaluation of thyroid function because there was incidence of hypothyroidism.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i2.20762J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2013;5(2):87-90]
Trend of Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Five Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Begum Most. Fahmida , Mosaddek Abu Syed Md. , Perveen Kawser , Karim Rezina , Begum Nurun Nahar 
Published: November 2014

Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections caused by pathogens with a decreasing susceptibility to several classes of antimicrobials.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the trend of sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the urinary tract patients.Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from 2008 to 2012 for a period of 5(five) years. All patients were within ages 1 month to 80 years, comprising of both male and female, either out or in patients were included as study population. Urine sample was collected and Escherichia coli was isolated and identified as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined.Results: A total number of 16,666 urine samples were collected. No significant changes of susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli was found to ciprofloxacin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid, imipenem and meropenem; however, significant change was detected to amoxicillin, amoxiclav, cefixime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, ceftazidime and mecillinam between 2008 and 2012.Conclusion: Trend of sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli is changing to few important antibiotics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i2.20766J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(2):103-105
Multiflagellated sperm cells of Ceratopteris richardii are bathed in arabinogalactan proteins throughout development
Authors: Lopez Renee A. , Renzaglia Karen S. 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: Sperm cell differentiation in ferns involves the origin of an elaborate locomotory apparatus, including 70+ flagella, and the structural modification of every cellular component. Because arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are implicated in molecular signaling and in regulation of plant development, we speculated that these glycoproteins would be present during spermiogenesis in ferns.• Methods: Using β‐glucosyl Yariv reagents that specifically bind to and inhibit AGPs and immunogold localizations with monoclonal antibodies JIM13, JIM8, and LM6, we examined the specific expression patterns of AGPs and inhibited their function during sperm cell development in the model fern Ceratopteris richardii.• Key results: Developing sperm cells stained intensely with Yariv phenylglycosides, demonstrating the presence of AGPs. JIM13‐AGP epitopes were widespread throughout development in the expanding extraprotoplasmic matrix (EPM) in which flagella elongate, cytoplasm is eliminated, and spherical spermatids become coiled. JIM8 and LM6 epitopes localized to the plasmalemma on growing flagella and on the rapidly changing sperm cell body. Spermatids treated with β‐glucosyl lacked an EPM and formed fewer, randomly arranged flagella.• Conclusions: We demonstrated that AGPs are abundant in the EPM and along the plasmalemma and that the three AGP epitopes have specific expression patterns during development. Coupled with inhibition studies, these results identify AGPs as critical to the formation of an extraprotoplasmic matrix and the consequent origin and development of flagella in an orderly and precise fashion around the cell. We speculate that AGPs may play additional roles as signaling molecules involved in cell shaping, cytoskeletal development, vesicle trafficking, and cytoplasmic elimination.
Discours scientifique et discours religieux à propos de l'origine des espèces vivantes dans les manuels scolaires du secondaire en Grèce
Authors: Delhaye Coralie 
Published: November 2014

Les contenus de manuels scolaires grecs de religion utilisés ces dernières années ont été examinés. L’article cherche si les discours de vérité scientifiques et religieux –notamment à propos de l’origine des espèces vivantes – y sont présentés comme concurrents ou non. Des représentations qui semblent liées aux mises en concurrence sont étudiées : le discours est ou non montré comme une vérité, la nature de cette vérité est ou non considérée ; les discours sont mis en rapport ou non, la nature de ce rapport est considérée ou non ; enfin, l’un des deux discours est prééminent par rapport à l’autre. En prenant appui sur un modèle théorique développé par Wolfs, l’analyse de contenu montre que, même si les discours de vérité sont explicitement présentés comme incommensurables et non concurrents, des représentations promeuvent la nécessité d’une indissociabilité entre les deux. La prééminence du discours religieux sur le discours scientifique est transmise de façon moins transparente dans les dernières années de l’enseignement secondaire.
Enseignement laïque, porosité religieuse et lutte de légitimité dans l'enceinte scolaire française en Tunisie
Authors: Pontanier Émilie 
Published: November 2014

Comment la laïcité des lycées français en Tunisie permet-elle, dans les murs de l’enceinte scolaire, de légitimer la vérité religieuse ou areligieuse des lycéens tunisiens et binationaux ? Comment sert-elle la pluralité des pratiques religieuses des familles qui y scolarisent leurs enfants ? Au travers d’une analyse qualitative des choix scolaires motivés par des stratégies d’entre-soi social et religieux, l’article montre que ce système d’enseignement favorise, d’une part, l’autonomie cultuelle des familles musulmanes et, d’autre part, le rejet de l’islam dogmatique. La laïcité est alors analysée comme une valeur qui permet le contournement des codes sociaux et religieux du pays. En effet, pour la majeure partie des lycéens et des familles des établissements français, la laïcité autorise une pluralité de pratiques religieuses et, surtout, la préservation de leur vision de l’islam dans une société qui révèle d’autres pratiques, d’autres valeurs et qui engendre des craintes d’embrigadement.
La connaissance de soi entre tendance naturelle et exercice spirituel
Authors: Andrei Laurentiu 
Published: November 2014

L’injonction delphique, « Connais-toi toi-même ! », outre le fait qu’elle a été le leitmotiv de la démarche socratique, mit à l’épreuve la sagacité des stoïciens. Pour ce qui est du Zen, Dōgen rappelle qu’il consiste dans une quête de soi. Depuis cette perspective, la similarité entre stoïcisme et Zen est frappante. La connaissance de soi est une tâche urgente qui requiert une ascèse. Ce qui n’empêche pas qu’elle soit entendue comme une tendance naturelle. Dès lors, comment comprendre la connaissance de soi située entre spontanéité naturelle et techniques propres à une discipline ? Quel est son objet ? Quel “soi” s’agit-il de connaître et à quelle fin ? Pour explorer ces questions un poème de Coleridge servira de tertium comparationis permettant des va-et-vient entre stoïcisme et Zen.