bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility and pregnancy outcomes following B‐Lynch sutures for post‐partum hemorrhage
Authors: Tadakawa Mari , Sugawara Junichi , Saito Masatoshi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Utsunomiya Hiroki , Nagase Satoru , Tokunaga Hideki , Kurakata‐Nakamura Michiyo , Sugiyama Takashi , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term fertility prognosis after B‐Lynch sutures for post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent B‐Lynch sutures in our hospital between 2005 and 2010. Patient data was collected from hospital records. Information regarding subsequent pregnancies and menstrual complications were obtained by posted questionnaires and telephone interviews with patients who avoided hysterectomy.ResultsA total of 28 B‐Lynch sutures were performed in 3976 deliveries, all in patients that underwent cesarean section. Twenty‐two of the 26 patients who avoided hysterectomy answered our questionnaire or took part in an interview. All patients recovered regular menstruation with no severe complications. Of the 19 patients who wanted another child, 12 patients (63.2%) had 14 subsequent pregnancies in a mean follow‐up period of 52.1 months. The results of pregnancies were nine uncomplicated term pregnancies, all delivered by elective cesarean section, two artificial abortions and three miscarriages. A significant difference was observed in the age of patients with subsequent pregnancies and those without pregnancies (30.8 vs 34.6 years, P = 0.04).ConclusionB‐Lynch sutures for PPH do not appear to jeopardize fecundity. An older age was a risk factor for achieving subsequent pregnancies.
Estimation of Thurstonian Models for Various Forced‐Choice Sensory Discrimination Methods as a Form of the “M + N” Test
Authors: Bi Jian , Lee Hye‐Seong , O'Mahony Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPsychometric functions for discrimination tests, which connect probabilities of correct response, pc, with Thurstonian discriminal distances, d′, are of theoretical and practical significance. This paper uses a computer‐intensive approach to produce simulation‐derived psychometric functions for the “M + N” test, which is a generalization and can be considered as a framework of many forced‐choice methods. The paper demonstrates and describes chance probabilities in different situations for the “M + N” test. The paper compares the performances of the specified and unspecified “M + N” test with the M = N test. The paper provides novel tables for pc and d′ for four specific versions of the “M + N” test: the specified “two‐out‐of‐five” test (i.e., the “M + N” test with M = 3 and N = 2); the unspecified “one‐out‐of‐four” test (i.e., the “M + N” test with M = 3 and N = 1); the specified and unspecified octad tests (i.e., the “M + N” test with M = N = 4). The corresponding B values, for calculation of the variances of d' for the tests, are also provided. The concept and practice of pseudo‐correct response, i.e., forgiveness introduced by Ennis, are discussed and generalized.Practical ApplicationsConsidering the constraints imposed by the products and the circumstances of the business objective, different forms of various difference test method might be selected as the most suitable design. The proposed Thurstonian modeling approach using a simulation‐derived psychometric function makes it possible to drive psychometric functions for any one of the more than 40 different versions of the “M + N” test. This paper shows that a simulation‐derived psychometric function is compatible with an exact psychometric function. R/S‐Plus codes for the simulation‐derived psychometric functions are also developed and provided. Using this technique, various versions of commonly used sensory difference test methods, including the 2‐AFC, triangle and tetrad, can be compared with many more versions of difference test methods. In addition, using the supplied R/S‐Plus codes, the Thurstonian sensory difference measure, d′, can be computed easily and quickly for various forms of the “M + N” test.
Characterization of Commercial Cheese Regarding Thermophysical Properties and Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Elaborate Product Mapping
Authors: Schenkel Philipp , Hartmann Katja I. , Samudrala Ravi , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA variety of 25 commercial cheese were analyzed by means of four different methods to evaluate thermophysical parameters in order to estimate methods with high potential to differentiate between cheese varieties. Rheological properties of different temperatures were obtained by a dynamic oscillatory shear test. Furthermore, stretchability, meltability and the formation of free oil were obtained. Principal component analysis was applied to the data set to receive a mapping of the cheese. A reduction of the analyzed parameters to three principal components accounting for 76.3% of the total variation was achieved, indicating that the methods are well suited to characterize the cheese samples. Mapping of the obtained scores points out gaps and indicates missing products. This was demonstrated by including different experimental cheese with modified manufacturing protocols to the data set. Therefore, mapping supports cheese producers to design new products with specified characteristics by influencing the manufacturing protocol.Practical ApplicationsMapping of different commercial cheese visualizes cheese products in terms of thermophysical properties. This identifies missing products and supports accelerated product development by creating products with defined properties by influencing the manufacturing protocol. Furthermore, the availability of reliable methods and parameters to describe the thermophysical properties of cheese is of major importance for the cheese manufacturer in terms of quality management and characterizing cheese.
Preparation of Multigrain Semolina Blend for Upma: Its Formulation, Rheology, Physicochemical, Textural and Nutritional Characteristics
Authors: Srivastava Shivli , Sakhare Suresh D. , Indrani Dasappa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA multigrain semolina blend (MSB) was prepared by combining mixture of soya (Glycine max) semolina (SS), chickpea split (Cicer arietinum) semolina (CS) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) semolina (BS) – (SSCSBS) with durum wheat semolina. The effect of the incorporation of SSCSBS at 25, 50, 75 and 100% level on the quality characteristics of MSB for upma (without seasoning) was studied. The use of the increasing amount of SSCSBS in MSB increased the farinograph water absorption up to 50% level, but decreased at higher levels of SSCSBS; increased the amylograph pasting temperature; and decreased the peak viscosity. The use of SSCSBS decreased the hardness and springiness but increased the cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness values of cooked MSB. The overall quality of MSB up to 50% SSCSBS level was acceptable. The nutritional characteristics of MSB with 50% SSCSBS showed that the protein, dietary fiber and resistant starch contents and percentage protein digestibility increased and starch digestibility decreased when compared to control.Practical ApplicationsUse of multigrain to enrich the nutritional quality of products is increasing. The beneficial effects of multigrain in upma making have not yet been explored. This paper discusses the effect of partial replacement of durum semolina with mixture of semolina blend of soya, barley and chickpea on the quality characteristics of upma without seasoning. This information may be useful for the food industry to manufacture nutritious multigrain upma in large scale.
Temperature‐ and Moisture‐Based Modeling for Prediction of Starch Gelatinization and Crumb Softness during Bread‐Baking Process
Authors: Chhanwal Narayansing , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTemperature, starch gelatinization, moisture content and softness of bread define the formation of crust and crumb regions during the baking process. A computational model was developed to study the volume expansion, temperature profile and moisture content of the bread during the baking process. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method was applied to describe mesh movement during volume expansion. Model predictions were validated with experimental measurements of bread temperature, moisture content and volume expansion. Occurrence of two distinct zones having different moisture contents, i.e., crust (<10%) and crumb (≈39%), was observed. Extent of starch gelatinization and browning of the bread surface was also studied using earlier published kinetic model. Moreover, softness development for the bread crumb was also modeled based on the degree of starch gelatinization. This study concluded that apart from heat and mass transfer, inclusion of volume expansion in the model predicts more accurate bread temperature, starch gelatinization and crumb softness.Practical ApplicationsCrumb softness and starch gelatinization of bread can be predicted based on temperature and moisture content of bread using computational modeling approach. A finite element model (FEM) is developed for the bread‐baking process, accounting for heat and mass transfer along with the volume expansion of bread. FEM model is validated with the experimental measurements of temperature, moisture content and volume expansion during bread‐baking process. This model helps in predicting the major quality attributes of the bread such as starch gelatinization, browning of the bread surface and crumb softness. Therefore, this model can be useful in predicting temperature, moisture along with other bread quality parameters. For the bakery industry, it will help to determine the baking time of bread with desired product quality based on oven temperature.
Geochemical diversity of shergottite basalts: Mixing and fractionation, and their relation to Mars surface basalts
Authors: Treiman Allan H. , Filiberto Justin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe chemical compositions of shergottite meteorites, basaltic rocks from Mars, provide a broad view of the origins and differentiation of these Martian magmas. The shergottite basalts are subdivided based on their Al contents: high‐Al basalts (Al > 5% wt) are distinct from low‐Al basalts and olivine‐phyric basalts (both with Al < 4.5% wt). Abundance ratios of highly incompatible elements (e.g., Th, La) are comparable in all the shergottites. Abundances of less incompatible elements (e.g., Ti, Lu, Hf) in olivine‐phyric and low‐Al basalts correlate well with each other, but the element abundance ratios are not constant; this suggests mixing between components, both depleted and enriched. High‐Al shergottites deviate from these trends consistent with silicate mineral fractionation. The “depleted” component is similar to the Yamato‐980459 magma; approximately, 67% crystal fractionation of this magma would yield a melt with trace element abundances like QUE 94201. The “enriched” component is like the parent magma for NWA 1068; approximately, 30% crystal fractionation from it would yield a melt with trace element abundances like the Los Angeles shergottite. This component mixing is consistent with radiogenic isotope and oxygen fugacity data. These mixing relations are consistent with the compositions of many of the Gusev crater basalts analyzed on Mars by the Spirit rover (although with only a few elements to compare). Other Mars basalts fall off the mixing relations (e.g., Wishstone at Gusev, Gale crater rocks). Their compositions imply that basalt source areas in Mars include significant complexities that are not present in the source areas for the shergottite basalts.
Eutectic metal + troilite + Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphate + Al‐free chromite assemblage in shock‐produced chondritic melt of the Yanzhuang chondrite
Authors: Xie Xiande , Chen Ming , Zhai Shuangmeng , Wang Fuya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn assemblage with FeNi metal, troilite, Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphate, and Al‐free chromite was identified in the metal‐troilite eutectic nodules in the shock‐produced chondritic melt of the Yanzhuang H6 meteorite. Electron microprobe and Raman spectroscopic analyses show that a few phosphate globules have the composition of Na‐bearing graftonite (Fe,Mn,Na)3(PO4)2, whereas most others correspond to Mn‐bearing galileiite Na(Fe,Mn)4(PO4)3 and a possible new phosphate phase of Na2(Fe,Mn)17(PO4)12 composition. The Yanzhuang meteorite was shocked to a peak pressure of 50 GPa and a peak temperature of approximately 2000 °C. All minerals were melted after pressure release to form a chondritic melt due to very high postshock heat that brought the chondrite material above its liquidus. The volatile elements P and Na released from whitlockite and plagioclase along with elements Cr and Mn released from chromite are concentrated into the shock‐produced Fe‐Ni‐S‐O melt at high temperatures. During cooling, microcrystalline olivine and pyroxene first crystallized from the chondritic melt, metal‐troilite eutectic intergrowths, and silicate melt glass finally solidified at about 950–1000 °C. On the other hand, P, Mn, and Na in the Fe‐Ni‐S‐O melt combined with Fe and crystallized as Fe‐Mn‐Na phosphates within troilite, while Cr combined with Fe and crystallized as Al‐free chromite also within troilite.
Ecological genomics in full colour
Authors: Hohenlohe Paul A. 
Published: October 2014

Colour patterns in animals have long offered an opportunity to observe adaptive traits in natural populations. Colour plays myriad roles in interactions within and among species, from reproductive signalling to predator avoidance, leading to multiple targets of natural and sexual selection and opportunities for diversification. Understanding the genetic and developmental underpinnings of variation in colour promises a fuller understanding of these evolutionary processes, but the path to unravelling these connections can be arduous. The advent of genomic techniques suitable for nonmodel organisms is now beginning to light the way. Two new studies in this issue of Molecular Ecology use genomic sequencing of laboratory crosses to map colour traits in cichlid fishes, a remarkably diverse group in which coloration has played a major role in diversification. They illustrate how genomic approaches, specifically RAD sequencing, can rapidly identify both simple and more complex genetic variation underlying ecologically important traits. In the first, Henning et al. () detect a single locus that appears to control in a Mendelian fashion the presence of horizontal stripes, a trait that has evolved in numerous cichlid lineages. In the second, Albertson et al. () identify several genes and epistatic interactions affecting multiple colour traits, as well as a novel metric describing integration across colour traits. Albertson et al. () go further, by quantifying differential expression of parental alleles at a candidate locus and by relating differentiation among natural populations at mapped loci to trait divergence. Herein lies the promise of ecological genomics – efficiently integrating genetic mapping of phenotypes with population genomic data to both identify functional genes and unravel their evolutionary history. These studies offer guidance on how genomic techniques can be tailored to a research question or study system, and they also add to the growing body of empirical examples addressing basic questions about how ecologically important traits evolve in natural populations.
Measurement properties of continuous text reading performance tests
Authors: Brussee Tamara , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , van Rens Ger H. M. B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeMeasurement properties of tests to assess reading acuity or reading performance have not been extensively evaluated. This study aims to provide an overview of the literature on available continuous text reading tests and their measurement properties.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Subsequently, information on design and content of reading tests, study design and measurement properties were extracted using consensus‐based standards for selection of health measurement instruments. Quality of studies, reading tests and measurement properties were systematically assessed using pre‐specified criteria.ResultsFrom 2334 identified articles, 20 relevant articles were found on measurement properties of three reading tests in various languages: IReST, MNread Reading Test and Radner Reading Charts. All three reading tests scored high on content validity. Reproducibility studies (repeated measurements between different testing sessions) of the IReST and MNread of commercially available reading tests in different languages were missing. The IReST scored best on inter‐language comparison, the MNread scored well in repeatability studies (repeated measurements under the same conditions) and the Radner showed good reproducibility in studies.ConclusionsAlthough in daily practice there are other continuous text reading tests available meeting the criteria of this review, measurement properties were described in scientific studies for only three of them. Of the few available studies, the quality and content of study design and methodology used varied. For testing existing reading tests and the development of new ones, for example in other languages, we make several recommendations, including careful description of patient characteristics, use of objective and subjective lighting levels, good control of working distance, documentation of the number of raters and their training, careful documentation of scoring rules and the use of Bland‐Altman analyses or similar for reproducibility and repeatability studies.
Lumbar punctures in thrombocytopenic children with cancer
Authors: Foerster Mirella V. , de Paula Ramos Pedrosa Francisco , da Fonseca Tereza Cristina Teixeira , de Menezes Couceiro Tânia Cursino , Lima Luciana C. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntroductionLumbar punctures (LP) in patients presenting thrombocytopenia are linked to the possibility of bleeding and spinal hematomas. The minimum platelet count required for the safe performance of spinal procedures is still under discussion. Children with some oncology diseases require routinely lumbar punctures; such patients often present thrombocytopenia, making this group an ideal population to study the association between lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic patients and complications.ObjectivesTo determine the platelet count of oncology children undergone lumbar punctures and the occurrence of spinal hematomas.MethodObservational longitudinal study. It included a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of oncology patients submitted to LP for intrathecal chemotherapy between January 2004 and October 2011, carried out at the ‘Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP)’, Recife, Brazil.ResultsWe evaluated 9088 lumbar punctures performed in 440 patients. The platelet count distribution before lumbar punctures was as follows: 25 punctures had zero to 10 000 platelets per mm3, 67 punctures had between 10 000 and 20 000 platelets per mm3, 88 had between 20 000 and 30 000 platelets per mm3, 92 punctures had between 30 000 and 40 000 platelets per mm3, 107 punctures had between 40 000 and 50 000 platelets per mm3, and 729 punctures had between 50 000 and 100 000 platelets per mm3. In this series, the incidence of bloody tap was 16.9% (1112 lumbar punctures of 6552 had more than ten erythrocytes). No complications were observed.ConclusionsEven in thrombocytopenic patient, an epidural hematoma would be a relatively rare complication following lumbar puncture. Despite the large number of punctures performed on patients with platelet counts below 100 000 mm−3 (n = 1108), further studies are necessary in order to determine a lower safe platelet count threshold for the performance of lumbar punctures in healthy patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia.
Anesthesia and the pediatric cardiac catheterization suite: a review
Authors: Lam Jennifer E. , Lin Erica P. , Alexy Ryan , Aronson Lori A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAdvances in technology over the last couple of decades have caused a shift in pediatric cardiac catheterization from a primary focus on diagnostics to innovative therapeutic interventions. These improvements allow patients a wider range of nonsurgical options for treatment of congenital heart disease. However, these therapeutic modalities can entail higher risk in an already complex patient population, compounded by the added challenges inherent to the environment of the cardiac catheterization suite. Anesthesiologists caring for children with congenital heart disease must understand not only the pathophysiology of the disease but also the effects the anesthetics and interventions have on the patient in order to provide a safe perioperative course. It is the aim of this article to review the latest catheterization modalities offered to patients with congenital heart disease, describe the unique challenges presented in the cardiac catheterization suite, list the most common complications encountered during catheterization and finally, to review the literature regarding different anesthetic drugs used in the catheterization lab.
Emergency pediatric anesthesia – accessibility of information
Authors: King Hannah , Pipe Georgina E.M. , Linford Sarah L. , Moppett Iain K. , Armstrong James A.M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundEmergency pediatric situations are stressful for all involved. Variation in weight, physiology, and anatomy can be substantial and errors in calculating drugs and fluids can be catastrophic.ObjectivesTo evaluate the reliability of information resources that anesthetic trainees might use when faced with common pediatric emergencies.MethodsAnesthetic trainees from a single UK deanery were recruited and timed while they identified 18 predetermined pieces of information from three Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS) scenarios. The two most popular smartphone applications identified from a previous survey, PaedsED (PaedsED. iED limited, Version 1.0.8, Updated March 2011. ©2009) and Anapaed (AnaPaed. Thierry Girard, Version 1.4.2, Updated Nov 2, 2012. ©Thierry Girard), the British National Formulary for Children (cBNF) and trainee's inherent knowledge were compared with a local, check‐list style, handbook of pediatric emergency algorithms – Pediatric Anesthetic Emergency Data sheets (PAEDs).ResultsTwenty anesthetic trainees were recruited. The fastest source of information was the trainees own knowledge (median 61 s, IQR 51–83 s). Second fastest was PAEDs (80, [59–110] s), followed by PaedsED (84, [65–111]). The most accurate source overall was PaedsED (100, [83–100]) although the accuracy varied between scenarios. The handbook was rated as the most popular resource by the trainees.ConclusionAlthough fastest, trainees own knowledge is inaccurate, highlighting the need for additional, rapidly accessible, information. Of the two smartphone applications, PaedsED proved to be fast, accurate, and more popular, while Anapaed was accurate but slow to use. The PAEDs handbook, with its checklist‐style format, was also fast, accurate and rated the most popular information source.