bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Influences on the Brain Science and Theology on Human Specificity
Authors: Colagè Ivan , Oviedo Lluis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper addresses the timely issue of human specificity in a multidisciplinary perspective. It starts with a brief description of the relationships between science and theology during the last few decades, and notes how the situation has been changing since the beginning of the 21st century. We then suggest how recent scientific developments open up fresh and concrete approaches to human specificity in science and theology, especially when the real import of human cultural complexion is taken into account. In a following section, two fundamental topics are addressed - neural learning and gene-culture co-evolution. We will then discuss the importance of these topics for human uniqueness and culture (as well as their potential limits in supporting the specificity of the human being). Furthermore, we will propose a novel approach, based on the notion of cultural neural reuse (i.e., cultural processes affecting brain anatomy). This approach acknowledges an irreducible role of cultural dynamics in human overall constitution. Cultural neural reuse suggests that one way in which humans are unique is that they are able to shape and transcend themselves. Finally, the implications of this approach will be drawn for theological topics such as the imago Dei doctrine, the notion of self-transcendence, and the integral view of the human being emerging from Biblical and early Christian anthropology.
Self-Evident Experience: A Challenge to the Empirical Study of Religion
Authors: Renner Walter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEmpirical psychology’s philosophy of science traditionally orients by Popper’s Critical Rationalism. This paradigm has been successful with observable behavior and some aspects of emotion and cognition. Still, phenomena like spirituality, empathy, or love have been neglected because they can neither be easily communicated nor instantly replicated. I propose to enlarge the scope of empiricism by accepting Self-Evident Experience (SEE) as a source of “soft” empirical data, as long as they (a) can be interpreted within a rationalist framework and (b) are supported by cumulative experiences by others in the course of time. Applying this approach to SEE of a spiritual or religious nature, the theological system of the individual’s denominational affiliation serves as the rational framework (a), and experiences similar to others serve as the accumulated “database” (b), both supporting the validity of the experience. In the sense of Critical Rationalism, apart from arguments (a) and (b), criteria for “falsifying” SEE are suggested: Experiences which are in line with an individual’s or society’s expectations and which lack an impact on the individual’s further course of life will be attributed less validity than experiences which put the individual at risk in today’s climate of skepticism and which substantially influence his or her life.
Characterization of the Bonding Fracture Properties of the Asphalt-Aggregate System Using a Thin-Film Interface Test
Authors: Yi Junyan , Shen Shihui , Wang Dongsheng , Huang Yudong , Feng Decheng 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Adhesion between asphalt-aggregate and cohesion within asphalt mastic has a significant effect on the performance of asphalt mixtures. Conventional testing methods and studies normally only focus on one of the damage modes (adhesion or cohesion), although in real asphalt mixtures (asphalt-aggregate system), these two failure modes can happen together depending on the material and loading conditions. The objective of this paper was to characterize the interface bonding characteristics of the asphalt-aggregate system using the thin-film interface test and the fracture property parameter, critical state energy density (CSED), and identify the key factors that could affect the interface bonding characteristics. The thin-film interface test simulated a more realistic bonding condition and monitored the damage between thin-film asphalt and aggregate. Experimental results showed that the effects of temperature and loading rate on the interface bonding characteristics were significant. The time-temperature superposition principle is found to work in both the linear viscoelastic range (dynamic modulus test) and the damage domain (interface bonding fracture test). Binder type, degree of aging, and types of aggregates all played an important role in the bonding performance for an asphalt-aggregate system.
Evaluating the Control Variable of Economic Growth by Using Extenics Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Yeh Ming-Lang , Lin Lai-Chu 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Since 2001, Taiwan's economy has continued to decline alongside increased unemployment; only government expenditure has exhibited a clear upward trend. This study investigated the factors impacting on economic growth and two-way or one-way causality of the interaction influence. In addition, this study examined the problems of decision dimensions in Taiwanese government spending and economic growth. The study applied extenics by using the variables of statistical tests to identify the most crucial or influential control variable. To obtain an objective assessment, we determined data from significant estimates to determine the most crucial control factor. We obtained a successful result in this study.
Blasting Vibration Safety Criteria for Shotcrete in Underground Engineering
Authors: Chen Shihai , Wu Jian , Zhang Zihua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The effect of seismic waves from tunnel blasts on the surrounding rock and supporting structures is an important field in underground engineering and earthquake-resistant-structure research. Damage to the rock and shotcrete surrounding a tunnel caused by blast-vibration stress waves was investigated, based on the reflection and transmission. To accomplish this, one-dimensional wave theory at different media interfaces was used. Furthermore, the allowed critical blast-vibration velocity values for different surrounding rocks and shotcrete ages were obtained. The results indicate that the damage to the supporting structure was determined by the bond strength between the shotcrete and surrounding rock, or the tensile strength of the concrete, under a blast-vibration stress wave. The resulting damage depended on the condition of the surrounding rock. At the same time, a safe distance for shotcrete supports during tunnel blasting was determined by studying the propagation of the blasting vibration through the rock. These achievements can guide the construction of underground excavations and the design of shotcrete primary supports.
Investigation on the Bending Fatigue and Shear Failure in Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Systems
Authors: Liu Xiu , Feng Decheng , Tang Hao , Zhou Changjun , Li Jianjun 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Bridge deck pavement layers are prone to bending fatigue and shear failure because of the continuous vibration, the vertical instant impact, and horizontal dynamic shear effect from vehicles onto the pavement system. To ensure the durability of pavement systems, a typical pavement system on a steel bridge was studied through numerical simulation and laboratory tests. The maximum tensile stress at the bottom layer and the maximum interlayer shear stress of bridge deck pavement were obtained under different loading conditions in numerical simulations. Then direct shear tests were conducted to study the fatigue characteristics of bridge deck pavement materials and structure. Finally, the fatigue resistance of the asphalt pavement system was investigated under the typical traffic level in the northeast of China. This study is helpful to design steel bridge deck pavement systems with good bending fatigue and shear resistance.
HPV Vaccination Coverage of Male Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Lu Peng-jun , Yankey David , Jeyarajah Jenny , O’Halloran Alissa , Elam-Evans Laurie D. , Smith Philip J. , Stokley Shannon , Singleton James A. , Dunne Eileen F. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
In 2011, the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for male adolescents.

METHODS:
We used the 2013 National Immunization Survey-Teen data to assess HPV vaccine uptake (≥1 dose) and series completion (≥3 doses). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and a predictive marginal model were conducted to identify independent predictors of vaccination among adolescent males aged 13 to 17 years.

RESULTS:
HPV vaccination coverage with ≥1 dose was 34.6%, and series completion (≥3 doses) was 13.9%. Coverage was significantly higher among non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic white male adolescents. Multivariable logistic regression showed that characteristics independently associated with a higher likelihood of HPV vaccination (≥1 dose) included being non-Hispanic black race or Hispanic ethnicity; having mothers who were widowed, divorced, or separated; having 1 to 3 physician contacts in the past 12 months; a well-child visit at age 11 to 12 years; having 1 or 2 vaccination providers; living in urban or suburban areas; and receiving vaccinations from &gt;1 type of facility (P &lt; .05). Having mothers with some college or college education, having a higher family income to poverty ratio, living in the South or Midwest, and receiving vaccinations from all sexually transmitted diseases/school/teen clinics or other facilities were independently associated with a lower likelihood of HPV vaccination (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Following recommendations for routine HPV vaccination among male adolescents, uptake in 2013 was low in this population. Increased efforts are needed to improve vaccination coverage, especially for those who are least likely to be vaccinated.
Physician and Nurse Nighttime Communication and Parents’ Hospital Experience
Authors: Khan Alisa , Rogers Jayne E. , Melvin Patrice , Furtak Stephannie L. , Faboyede G. Mayowa , Schuster Mark A. , Landrigan Christopher P. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Night teams of hospital providers have become more common in the wake of resident physician duty hour changes. We sought to examine relationships between nighttime communication and parents’ inpatient experience.METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study of parents (n = 471) of pediatric inpatients (0–17 years) from May 2013 to October 2014. Parents rated their overall experience, understanding of the medical plan, quality of nighttime doctors’ and nurses’ communication with them, and quality of nighttime communication between doctors and nurses. We tested the reliability of each of these 5 constructs (Cronbach’s α for each &gt;.8). Using logistic regression models, we examined rates and predictors of top-rated hospital experience.RESULTS:Parents completed 398 surveys (84.5% response rate). A total of 42.5% of parents reported a top overall experience construct score. On multivariable analysis, top-rated overall experience scores were associated with higher scores for communication and experience with nighttime doctors (odds ratio [OR] 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–3.08), for communication and experience with nighttime nurses (OR 6.47; 95% CI, 2.88–14.54), and for nighttime doctor–nurse interaction (OR 2.66; 95% CI, 1.26–5.64) (P &lt; .05 for each). Parents provided the highest percentage of top ratings for the individual item pertaining to whether nurses listened to their concerns (70.5% strongly agreed) and the lowest such ratings for regular communication with nighttime doctors (31.4% excellent).CONCLUSIONS:Parent communication with nighttime providers and parents’ perceptions of communication and teamwork between these providers may be important drivers of parent experience. As hospitals seek to improve the patient-centeredness of care, improving nighttime communication and teamwork will be valuable to explore.
Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
Authors:   SECTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL, Groner Judith A. , Nelson Kevin E. , Etzel Ruth A. , Wilson Karen M. , Farber Harold J. , Balk Sophie J. , Groner Judith A. , Moore John E. 
Published: October 2015

This Policy Statement was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-061805.
Tobacco dependence starts in childhood. Tobacco exposure of children is common and causes illness and premature death in children and adults, with adverse effects starting in the womb. There is no safe level of tobacco smoke exposure. Pediatricians should screen for use of tobacco and other nicotine delivery devices and provide anticipatory guidance to prevent smoking initiation and reduce tobacco smoke exposure. Pediatricians need to be aware of the different nicotine delivery systems marketed and available.
Parents and caregivers are important sources of children’s tobacco smoke exposure. Because tobacco dependence is a severe addiction, to protect children’s health, caregiver tobacco dependence treatment should be offered or referral for treatment should be provided (such as referral to the national smoker’s quitline at 1-800-QUIT-NOW). If the source of tobacco exposure cannot be eliminated, counseling about reducing exposure to children should be provided.
Health care delivery systems should facilitate the effective prevention, identification, and treatment of tobacco dependence in children and adolescents, their parents, and other caregivers. Health care facilities should protect children from tobacco smoke exposure and tobacco promotion. Tobacco dependence prevention and treatment should be part of medical education, with knowledge assessed as part of board certification examinations.
Protecting Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Farber Harold J. , Groner Judith , Walley Susan , Nelson Kevin ,   SECTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL, Etzel Ruth A. , Wilson Karen M. , Farber Harold J. , Balk Sophie J. , Groner Judith A. , Moore John E. 
Published: October 2015

This Technical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-061806.
This technical report serves to provide the evidence base for the American Academy of Pediatrics’ policy statements “Clinical Practice Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke” and “Public Policy to Protect Children From Tobacco, Nicotine, and Tobacco Smoke.” Tobacco use and involuntary exposure are major preventable causes of morbidity and premature mortality in adults and children. Tobacco dependence almost always starts in childhood or adolescence. Electronic nicotine delivery systems are rapidly gaining popularity among youth, and their significant harms are being documented. In utero tobacco smoke exposure, in addition to increasing the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, placental abruption, and sudden infant death, has been found to increase the risk of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders. Actions by pediatricians can help to reduce children’s risk of developing tobacco dependence and reduce children’s involuntary tobacco smoke exposure. Public policy actions to protect children from tobacco are essential to reduce the toll that the tobacco epidemic takes on our children.
AS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA DIMINUIÇÃO DE DOPAMINA PRODUZIDA NA SUBSTÂNCIA NIGRA: UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO
Authors: Barreto Madson Alan Maximiano , Fermoseli André Fernando de Oliveira , Marinho Adriana Alves , De Jesus Cícera Lourenço Pontes Fon , Da Silva Katiuscia Karine Martins 
Published: October 2015

Entre os diversos neurotransmissores produzidos no corpo humano temos a dopamina, que é produzida em apenas quatro regiões do cérebro, dentre elas a via nigroestriatal. Esta via é responsável pelo acometimento da Doença de Parkinson, Parkinsonismo, Depressão, entre outras. O presente estudo foi feito por meio de uma revisão da literatura sobre a diminuição de dopamina na subtância nigra e as consequências que acometem a terceira idade. Foram pesquisados artigos e livros nos bancos de dados: Scielo, Periódicos CAPES, PUBMED e Biblioteca do Centro Universitário Tiradentes - UNIT. Utilizando os seguintes descritores: Substância nigra, Dopamina, Doença de Parkinson/ Parkinsonismo e Depressão. Dessa forma, este artigo mostra a decorrência da falta de dopamina da via nigroestriatal que tem atingido em maior prevalência indivíduos na terceira idade. A dopamina é um neurotransmissor essencial, assim como qualquer outro, porém, a sua diminuição trará consequências para os indivíduos como o acometimento do Parkinson, Depressão e Parkinsonismo que resultam na diminuição da qualidade de vida do paciente.
MEMÓRIA(S) DO PROCESSO DE EXPANSÃO DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO ESCOLAR: ESCOLA TÉCNICA FEDERAL DA BAHIA - UNIDADE DE ENSINO DESCENTRALIZADA DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA
Authors: De Oliveira Padre Lima Gilneide , Nunes Duarte Silveira Camila , Rocha Magalhães Lívia Diana 
Published: October 2015

Após completar cem anos de Educação Profissional, em 2009, as escolas da rede federal brasileira passaram por reformulações na sua estrutura: de Escola de Aprendizes e Artífices até os atuais Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. Dentro dessas transformações, nasceu a Unidade de Ensino Descentralizada (UNED) de Vitória da Conquista - Ba, na década de 1990. Esta pesquisa objetivou estudar o movimento de implantação dessa instituição escolar observando o seu contexto sócio-histórico e econômico e as múltiplas relações que ali ocorreram. Analisamos o processo de expansão da Escola Técnica Federal da Bahia, destacando os antecedentes, a implantação propriamente dita e os primeiros anos de funcionamento da Unidade Descentralizada de Ensino de Vitória da Conquista, por meio das memórias construídas pelo seu grupo de fundadores. Os resultados indicaram que ao longo do processo de instituição da escola, foram constituídas memórias pessoais e coletivas em conformidade com os lugares que os sujeitos ocupam, configurando assim, a história e memória social da UNED de Vitória da Conquista, o que evidencia a relação dialógica existente entre elas.
Corporate Diversification and the Cost of Debt: The Role of Segment Disclosures
Authors: Franco Francesca , Urcan Oktay , Vasvari Florin P. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Previous theoretical arguments suggest that industrial diversification provides a co-insurance effect that decreases the firm's default risk. In this paper, we endogenously estimate a firm's segment disclosure quality and investigate whether the quality of segment disclosures significantly affects bond investors' assessment of the co-insurance effect of diversification. We document that bonds issued by industrially diversified firms with high-quality segment disclosures have significantly lower yields than bonds issued by diversified firms with low-quality segment disclosures. We also find that the negative relation between industrial diversification and bond yields becomes stronger when firms improve segment disclosures as a result of FAS 131. Finally, we show that high-quality segment disclosures are associated with lower syndicated loan spreads for a subsample of loans issued by large bank syndicates, which are more likely to rely on publicly reported segment information.
JEL Classifications: G31; G32; M10; O16.
A Case Study of Fraud Concerns at a Homeowners' Association
Authors: Lehmann Constance M. , Heagy Cynthia D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
This case is based on a series of actual events in a local homeowners' association (HOA). Instructors teaching fraud detection in their courses often use historical cases in which the “answer” to whether fraud has been committed is known. This case is unique because it is based on real incidents that occurred in an HOA. The case starts with the inception of the HOA up to the present, at which time the situation is still evolving. Students are required to recognize the conditions that increase the potential for fraudulent activity in an organization. Then they must analyze the activities in this particular association to identify the “red flags” that indicate that fraudulent activity could occur. Finally, students must develop recommendations to mitigate the identified risk areas. After completing this case, students will be more aware of potential and actual incidents of fraudulent activity and be able to address how these incidents can be prevented. This knowledge will benefit them in any area of accounting they choose to pursue. This case can be used in fraud examination, auditing, accounting information systems, and financial accounting classes.
Data Availability: Data available from first author.
Synthesis of high-density aligned Fe2O3 nanowires via two-step thermal oxidation
Authors: Rashid Norhana Mohamed , Kishi Naoki , Soga Tetsuo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Aligned high-density Fe2O3 nanowires were successfully obtained by thermal oxidation of Fe foil, with pre-annealing at 300 °C for 30 min. Pre-annealing in this two-step oxidation process improved the nanowire alignment and increased the density from 5.0 × 108 to 2.5 × 109 nanowires cm−2. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the Fe2O3 nanowires had a dominant (110) peak, with crystalline Fe and iron oxide phases. The improved properties are the result of formation of smaller grains during the first oxidation step.
Synthesis of nano-manganese ferrite by an oxalate method and characterization of its magnetic properties
Authors: Nakano Anna , Nakano Jinichiro , Seetharaman Seshadri 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this work, nano-sized manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) was synthesized through the decomposition of the mixed oxalates. The formation of the spinel manganese ferrite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology of the ferrite products was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size, which was determined using the Scherrer formula, ranged from 25 to 30 nm. Magnetic properties of the manganese ferrite were analyzed using a vibrating sample magnetometry technique; a narrow hysteresis loop indicated the MnFe2O4 obtained was a soft ferromagnet. Magnetic properties of the manganese ferrite produced were in agreement with those reported in literature for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by conventional methods, including co-precipitation and mechanochemical processes. By plotting a series of literature data determined by different authors and techniques, a correlation between saturation magnetisation and particle size has been noted regardless of the synthesis methods. In general, the oxalate method seems to be able to produce nano-manganese ferrite in a shorter time (2–3 h) as compared to other conventional techniques reported in literature (up to 54 h).
Round robin for testing instrumented indenters with silicon reference springs
Authors: Brand Uwe , Chudoba Thomas , Griepentrog Michael , Schwenk Dieter , Bosch Gottfried , Scheerer Herbert , Gärtner Eva 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
For the traceability of hardness and elasticity measurements with instrumented indenters to SI units, a measuring standard based on a silicon bending spring with a stop limit exists. Besides the bending stiffness of the spring, the bending point of the measured force–displacement curve at the stop limit can be used as an additional calibration point for both the probing force and the displacement. In a round-robin test with six participants and seven devices the bending stiffness, the bending force and the bending deflection were measured and compared. The result of the bending stiffness, the bending force and the bending deflection agree within ±2.8 %, ±4.2 % and ±3.2 %, respectively.