bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Latent Fingerprints on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat
Authors: Bond John W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractApparatus to produce a spatially and temporally uniform heat source is described and this is used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto thermal paper by raising the temperature of the paper. Results show an improvement over previous research when fingerprint deposits are aged or the developed fingerprints faint; visualization being enhanced by the use of a blue LED light source of 465 nm peak wavelength. An investigation of the components in fingerprint sweat likely to affect the solubility and hence color change of the dye present in the thermal paper has shown that polar protic solvents able to donate a proton are favored and a polar amino acid found commonly in eccrine fingerprint sweat (lysine) has been shown able to produce the desired color change. Aged fingerprint deposits on thermal paper from a variety of sources up to 4 years old have been visualized with this technique.
Progress Toward the Determination of Correct Classification Rates in Fire Debris Analysis,,
Authors: Waddell Erin E. , Song Emma T. , Rinke Caitlin N. , Williams Mary R. , Sigman Michael E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrincipal components analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) were used to develop a multistep classification procedure for determining the presence of ignitable liquid residue in fire debris and assigning any ignitable liquid residue present into the classes defined under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 1618‐10 standard method. A multistep classification procedure was tested by cross‐validation based on model data sets comprised of the time‐averaged mass spectra (also referred to as total ion spectra) of commercial ignitable liquids and pyrolysis products from common building materials and household furnishings (referred to simply as substrates). Fire debris samples from laboratory‐scale and field test burns were also used to test the model. The optimal model's true‐positive rate was 81.3% for cross‐validation samples and 70.9% for fire debris samples. The false‐positive rate was 9.9% for cross‐validation samples and 8.9% for fire debris samples.
Anaphylaxis After the Injection of Buprenorphine
Authors: Boggs Cassie L. , Ripple Mary G. , Ali Zabiullah , Brassell Melissa , Levine Barry , Jufer‐Phipps Rebecca , Doyon Suzanne , Fowler David R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCause of death rulings in cases when the concentration of a drug or drugs is higher than observed following therapeutic use are generally straightforward “drug deaths.” However, when toxicology testing identifies drug concentrations consistent with therapeutic use or detects no drugs at all, then the cause of death determination is more complicated. Given the rapidity and protean manifestations of anaphylaxis, it should be considered in deaths where no other cause of death is apparent in a suspected drug death. This article reports two cases where an anaphylactic reaction was observed following either the actual or alleged use of therapeutic formulations of buprenorphine intravenously.
Improvement of Karmali Agar by Addition of Polymyxin B for the Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in Whole‐Chicken Carcass Rinse
Authors: Chon Jung‐Whan , Kim Hyunsook , Yim Jin‐Hyeok , Song Kwang‐Young , Moon Jin‐San , Kim Young‐Jo , Seo Kun‐Ho 
Published: March 2013

Abstract The Karmali agar was modified by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin B. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of polymyxin B on the ability and selectivity of the modified Karmali agar to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from whole chicken carcass rinse. A total of 80 whole chickens were rinsed with 400 mL of buffer peptone water. The rinsed samples were incubated with 2× blood‐free modified Bolton enrichment broth for 48 h, and then streaked onto unmodified Karmali agar and modified Karmali agar supplemented with 100000 IU/L polymixin B (P‐Karmali agar). The suspected colonies were finally confirmed by colony PCR. The P‐Karmali agar exhibited a significantly better (P < 0.05) isolation rate than the unmodified Karmali agar (P‐Karmali agar, 73.8%; unmodified Karmali agar, 33.8%). Moreover, the selectivity of the P‐Karmali agar was also better (P < 0.05) than that of the other selective agar when comparing the number of contaminated plates (P‐Karmali agar, 68.8%; unmodified Karmali agar, 87.5%) and growth index of competing flora (P‐Karmali agar, 1.4; unmodified Karmali agar, 2.7). The improved selective agar excluded competing flora resistant to antibiotic agents in unmodified Karmali agar, increasing isolation rate and selectivity for C. jejuni and C. coli.
Association of Streptococcus bovis endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia: A case–control study
Authors: Sharara Ala I. , Abou Hamdan Tarek , Malli Ahmad , El‐Halabi Mustapha M. , Hashash Jana G. , Ghaith Ola A. , Kanj Souha S. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo study the association between Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia.MethodsThis was a case–control study of patients with S. bovis endocarditis undergoing colonoscopic evaluation. Patients were matched 1:20 with controls by gender and age (±2 years) from a large screening colonoscopy database. The baseline, colonoscopic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with S. bovis endocarditis were analyzed.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2010, 18 adult patients with S. bovis bacteremia were identified, of whom 10 with infective endocarditis (IE) underwent colonoscopic evaluation. Endocarditis involved a native or prosthetic valve in six and four of those patients, respectively. All 10 patients recovered without recurrence of IE (mean follow‐up duration 49.6 months). None had a concurrent or preceding history of colon disease and only one had subclinical chronic liver disease. Advanced neoplasia, defined as the presence of polyps ≥1 cm (n = 6), villous histology (n = 3), high‐grade focal dysplasia (n = 1) or cancer (n = 1), was found under colonoscopy in 6 of the 10 cases (60.0%) compared with 13/200 (6.5%) matched controls (OR 21.6, 95% CI 5.4–86.1, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsS. bovis endocarditis is strongly associated with the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasia. In the absence of any contraindication, colonoscopic examination is strongly recommended in patients with endocarditis. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association and the predilection for S. bovis bacteremia in patients with advanced colonic neoplasia remain unclear.
The plover neurotranscriptome assembly: transcriptomic analysis in an ecological model species without a reference genome
Authors: Moghadam Hooman K. , Harrison Peter W. , Zachar Gergely , Székely Tamás , Mank Judith E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe assembled a de novo transcriptome of short‐read Illumina RNA‐Seq data generated from telencephalon and diencephalon tissue samples from the Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus. This is a species of considerable interest in behavioural ecology for its highly variable mating system and parental behaviour, but it lacks genomic resources and is evolutionarily distant from the few available avian draft genome sequences. We assembled and identified over 21 000 transcript contigs with significant expression in our samples, showing high homology to exonic sequences in avian draft genomes. From these, we identified >31 000 high‐quality SNPs and > 2500 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We also analysed expression patterns in our data to identify potential candidate genes related to differences in male and female behaviour, identifying over 200 nonoverlapping putative autosomal transcripts that show significant expression differences between males and females. Gene ontology analysis revealed that female‐biased transcripts were significantly enriched for cerebral functions related to learning, cognition and memory, and male‐biased transcripts were mostly enriched for terms related to neural function such as neuron projection and synapses. This data set provides one of the first de novo transcriptome assemblies from non‐normalized short‐read next‐generation data and outlines an effective strategy for measuring sequence and expression variability simultaneously without the aid of a reference genome.
Activation of PPARγ by Pioglitazone Potentiates the Effects of Naltrexone on Alcohol Drinking and Relapse in msP Rats
Authors: Stopponi Serena , de Guglielmo Giordano , Somaini Lorenzo , Cippitelli Andrea , Cannella Nazzareno , Kallupi Marsida , Ubaldi Massimo , Heilig Markus , Demopulos Gregory , Gaitanaris George , Ciccocioppo Roberto 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundPioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist used for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory showed that activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking, stress‐induced relapse, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Pioglitazone was not able to prevent relapse elicited by alcohol cues. Conversely, the nonselective opioid antagonist naltrexone has been shown to reduce alcohol drinking and cue‐ but not stress‐induced relapse in rodents.MethodsBased on these findings, this study was sought to determine the efficacy of pioglitazone and naltrexone combination on alcohol intake and relapse behavior. Genetically selected alcohol‐preferring Marchigian Sardinian (msP) rats were used for the study.ResultsPioglitazone (10 and 30 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.25 and 1.0 mg/kg) each individually reduced alcohol drinking in msP rats. The combination of the 2 drugs resulted in a more potent alcohol drinking reduction than single agents. Confirming previous studies, pioglitazone (10 and 30 mg/kg) significantly reduced relapse induced by the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (1.25 mg/kg) but not by cues predictive of alcohol availability. Conversely, naltrexone reduced reinstatement of drug seeking elicited by alcohol cues but not by yohimbine.ConclusionsThe drug combination was effective in reducing both relapse behaviors. These findings open new vistas in the use pioglitazone in combination with naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism.
Chronic Ethanol (EtOH) Consumption Differentially Alters Gray and White Matter EtOH Methyl 1H Magnetic Resonance Intensity in the Primate Brain
Authors: Kroenke Christopher D. , Flory Graham S. , Park Byung , Shaw Jessica , Rau Andrew R. , Grant Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundIn vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has previously been used to directly monitor brain ethanol (EtOH). It has been proposed that the EtOH methyl 1H resonance intensity is larger in EtOH‐tolerant individuals than in sensitive individuals. To characterize the relationship between long‐term EtOH exposure and the brain EtOH MRS intensity, we present data from a longitudinal experiment conducted using nonhuman primate subjects.MethodsIn vivo MRS was used to measure the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) EtOH methyl 1H MRS intensity in 18 adult male rhesus macaques at 4 time points throughout the course of a chronic drinking experiment. Time points were prior to EtOH drinking, following a 3‐month EtOH induction procedure, and following 6, and 12 subsequent months of 22 h/d of “open access” to EtOH (4% w/v) and water.ResultsThe EtOH methyl 1H MRS intensity, which we observed to be independent of age over the range examined, increased with chronic EtOH exposure in GM and WM. In GM, MRS intensity increased from naïve level following the EtOH induction period (90 g/kg cumulative EtOH intake). In WM, MRS intensity was not significantly different from the EtOH‐naïve state until after 6 months of 22‐hour free access (110 to 850 g/kg cumulative intake range). The WM MRS intensity in the EtOH‐naïve state was positively correlated with future drinking, and the increase in WM MRS intensity was negatively correlated with the amount of EtOH consumed throughout the experiment.ConclusionsChronic exposure to EtOH is associated with brain changes that result in differential increases in EtOH MRS intensity in GM and WM. The EtOH‐naïve WM MRS intensity pattern is consistent with its previously proposed relationship to innate tolerance to the intoxicating effects of EtOH. EtOH‐dependent MRS intensity changes in GM required less EtOH exposure than was necessary to produce changes in WM. Within WM, an unexpected, potentially age dependent, enhanced sensitivity to EtOH in light drinkers relative to heavy drinkers was observed.
Association between umbilical cord artery pCO2 and the Apgar score; elevated levels of pCO2 may be beneficial for neonatal vitality after moderate acidemia
Authors: Kro Grete A.B. , Yli Branka M. , Rasmussen Svein , Norèn Håkan , Amer‐Wåhlin Isis , Rosén Karl G. , Stray‐Pedersen Babill , Saugstad Ola D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between 5‐min Apgar score and umbilical cord artery carbon dioxide tension (pCO2).DesignObservational study.SettingEuropean hospital labor wards.PopulationData from 36 432 newborns ≥36 gestational weeks were obtained from three sources: two trials of monitoring with fetal electrocardiogram (the Swedish randomized controlled trial and the European Union Fetal ECG trial) and Mölndal Hospital data. After validation of the acid–base values, 25 806 5‐min Apgar scores were available for analysis.MethodsValidation of the umbilical cord acid–base values was performed to obtain reliable data. 5‐min Apgar score was regressed against cord artery pCO2 in a polynomial multilevel model.Main outcome measuresFive‐min Apgar score, umbilical cord pCO2, pH, and base deficit.ResultsOverall, a higher cord artery pCO2 was found to be associated with lower 5‐min Apgar scores. However, among newborns with moderate acidemia, lower umbilical cord artery pCO2 (≤median pCO2 for the specific cord artery pH) was associated with lower 5‐min Apgar scores, with a relative risk of 2.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–2.8) for 5‐min Apgar scores 0–6.ConclusionsMetabolic acidosis affects the newborn's vitality more than respiratory acidosis. In addition, elevated levels of pCO2 may be beneficial for fetuses with moderate acidemia, and thus cord artery pCO2 is a factor that should be considered when assessing the compromised newborn.
Frequent detection of cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus in cervical secretions from healthy young women
Authors: Berntsson Matilda , Dubicanac Lejla , Tunbäck Petra , Ellström Agneta , Löwhagen Gun‐Britt , Bergström Tomas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate asymptomatic shedding from the uterine cervix of five human herpes viruses: cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 and varicella zoster virus (VZV), in young women.DesignA descriptive study.SettingSahlgrenska University Hospital.PopulationThree hundred and five young, healthy Swedish women.MethodsCervical specimens were analyzed for the presence of viral DNA with a quantitative real‐time PCR assay.Main outcome measuresDetection of viral DNA.ResultsViral DNA was detected in 66 (21.6%) of the cervical samples. The most common findings were CMV DNA, detected in 35 (11.5%), and EBV DNA, found in 32 (10.5%) of the women. HSV‐1 DNA was detected in 5 (1.7%) and HSV‐2 DNA in 4 (1.4%), but VZV DNA was not found. The estimated DNA level for the detected viruses was similar with a mean DNA quantity of 2.6 log genome equivalents (Geq)/mL for CMV (range 1.7–4.3), 2.5 log Geq/mL for EBV (range 1.7–4.7), 2.4 log Geq/mL for HSV‐1 (range 1.7–3.5) and 2.6 log Geq/mL for HSV‐2 (range 1.7–4.1). The simultaneous presence of DNA from two or more herpes viruses was detected in eight specimens.ConclusionsAsymptomatic shedding of CMV and EBV from the uterine cervix was found in one‐fifth of young women. In four of the cervical samples; two with EBV, one with CMV, one with HSV‐2, high amounts of viral DNA (>4 log Geq/mL) were detected suggesting a greater risk of transmitting the virus perinatally or sexually.
Glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease
Authors: Kamhi Eyal , Joo Eun Ji , Dordick Jonathan S. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex carbohydrates that are ubiquitously present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Interactions between GAGs and pathogens represent the first line of contact between pathogen and host cell and are crucial to a pathogen's invasive potential. Their complexity and structural diversity allow GAGs to control a wide array of biological interactions influencing many physiological and pathological processes, including adhesion, cell‐to‐cell communication, biochemical cascades, and the immune response. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates an extraordinary role for GAGs in the pathogenesis of viruses, bacteria and parasites. Herein, we examine the interface between GAGs and different pathogens, and address the divergent biological functions of GAGs in infectious disease. We consider approaches to use this understanding to design novel therapeutic strategies addressing new challenges in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Chaperonin 60: a paradoxical, evolutionarily conserved protein family with multiple moonlighting functions
Authors: Henderson Brian , Fares Mario A. , Lund Peter A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTChaperonin 60 is the prototypic molecular chaperone, an essential protein in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, whose sequence conservation provides an excellent basis for phylogenetic analysis. Escherichia coli chaperonin 60 (GroEL), the prototype of this family of proteins, has an established oligomeric‐structure‐based folding mechanism and a defined population of folding partners. However, there is a growing number of examples of chaperonin 60 proteins whose crystal structures and oligomeric composition are at variance with GroEL, suggesting that additional complexities in the protein‐folding function of this protein should be expected. In addition, many organisms have multiple chaperonin 60 proteins, some of which have lost their protein‐folding ability. It is emerging that this highly conserved protein has evolved a bewildering variety of additional biological functions – known as moonlighting functions – both within the cell and in the extracellular milieu. Indeed, in some organisms, it is these moonlighting functions that have been left after the loss of the protein‐folding activity. This highlights the major paradox in the biology of chaperonin 60. This article reviews the relationship between the folding and non‐folding (moonlighting) activities of the chaperonin 60 family and discusses current knowledge on their molecular evolution focusing on protein domains involved in the non‐folding chaperonin functions in an attempt to understand the emerging biology of this evolutionarily ancient protein family.
A cross‐sectional study of the association between circulating TSH level and lipid profile in a large Spanish population
Authors: Santos‐Palacios Silvia , Brugos‐Larumbe Antonio , Guillén‐Grima Francisco , Galofré Juan C. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryObjectiveSome evidence suggests that high serum TSH levels are associated with an adverse lipid profile, but this association is not clear when plasma TSH is within the reference range. Nevertheless, these studies have never been conducted in Spain, a country with a strong adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The study aim was to analyse the association between blood TSH levels and circulating lipids in a large Spanish population and set up a TSH reference range in different age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) subpopulations from our cohort.DesignCross‐sectional study on 20 783 subjects.PatientsWe analysed circulating levels of total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and triglycerides (TG) and compared them with TSH serum levels. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the TSH cut‐off level from where hyperlipidaemia developed.ResultsIn individuals free of thyroid dysfunction, the mean and the 95% TSH (mU/l) reference limits were 2·20 and 0·72–4·43, respectively. We observed a sex‐related difference in TSH concentration (men, 2·07 and 0·72–4·29; women, 2·29 and 0·72–4·49; P < 0·01). We also observed a weight‐related difference in TSH concentration (BMI < 30 kg/m2, 2·16 and 0·72–4·39; BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, 2·28 and 0·71–4·47; P < 0·01). TSH was positively associated with TC, TG and LDLc levels and negatively with HDLc.ConclusionWe found an association between TSH and lipids in that as TSH increased, the lipid profile became less favourable, even within the normal range. Additionally, TSH reference ranges varied according to gender, age and BMI.
Retracted: Administration of MS‐275 Improves Cognitive Performance and Reduces Cell Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Authors: Cao Peng , Liang Yong , Gao Xu , Zhao Ming‐Guang , Liang Guo‐Biao 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAimsThe MS‐275 is a selective inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs), which has been reported as a potential strategy in some central nervous system diseases associated with neurodegeneration and disturbed learning. However, its role in traumatic brain injury is not well defined. In this study, we examined the behavioral–cognitive performance as well as histology outcome in adult rats to evaluate whether postinjury administration of MS‐275 (15 and 45 mg/kg) would provide neuroprotection benefits and ameliorate cognitive deficits following fluid percussion injury.MethodsTraumatic brain injury (˜2.15 ATMs) was produced using a fluid percussion device with the lateral orientation. MS‐275 was administered (15 and 45 mg/kg) systemically once daily for 7 days starting at 30 min after lateral fluid percussion TBI. Acquisition of spatial learning and memory retention was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) on days 10–14 after TBI. Brain tissues were collected and stained with Fluoro‐Jade B histofluorescence (for degenerating neurons) at 24 h after injury and cresyl violet (for long‐term neuronal survival) on day 14 postinjury.ResultsBehavioral outcome after TBI revealed MS‐275 treatment groups, at all doses examined, performed significantly better in the Morris Water Maze (P < 0.001). Acute histology analysis demonstrated that 45 mg/kg MS‐275 significantly reduced the number of degenerating neurons in the ipsilateral CA2–3 hippocampus at 24 h postinjury (P = 0.007). There was a trend for MS‐275 to increase the survival of neurons in the CA2–3 hippocampus on 14 days after TBI (P = 0.164).ConclusionOur present data highlight the fact that MS‐275 may provide neuroprotective effect and improve cognitive performance after TBI. We concluded that MS‐275 is a potential novel treatment and will have an ameliorative effect on some of the pathological features associated with TBI.
Goal‐Proximity Decision‐Making
Authors: Veksler Vladislav D. , Gray Wayne D. , Schoelles Michael J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReinforcement learning (RL) models of decision‐making cannot account for human decisions in the absence of prior reward or punishment. We propose a mechanism for choosing among available options based on goal‐option association strengths, where association strengths between objects represent previously experienced object proximity. The proposed mechanism, Goal‐Proximity Decision‐making (GPD), is implemented within the ACT‐R cognitive framework. GPD is found to be more efficient than RL in three maze‐navigation simulations. GPD advantages over RL seem to grow as task difficulty is increased. An experiment is presented where participants are asked to make choices in the absence of prior reward. GPD captures human performance in this experiment better than RL.