bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated-Asset-Modeling Approach for Reservoir Management on North Slope
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 158497, ’Integrated Asset Modeling for Reservoir Management of a Miscible WAG Development on Alaska's Western North Slope,’ by R.D. Roadifer, SPE, ConocoPhillips Alaska; R. Sauve, Schlumberger; R. Torrens, SPE, Schlumberger Middle East; H.W. Mead, SPE, N.P. Pysz, SPE, and D.O. Uldrich, SPE, ConocoPhillips Alaska; and T. Eiben, ConocoPhillips Canada, prepared for the 2012 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 8-10 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
An integrated-asset-model (IAM) approach has been implemented for the Alpine field and eight associated satellite fields on the western Alaskan North Slope (WNS) to maximize asset value and recovery. The IAM approach enables the investigation of reservoir- and facilities-management options under existing and future operating constraints. The technology used for managing the fields consists of fullfield compositional reservoir-simulation models for each reservoir integrated with a pipeline-surface-network model and a process facility model.
Developing an IAM
Reservoir-Management Needs. As with the construction of any reservoir or surface model, the first step in developing an IAM is to define with as much clarity as possible the objectives in undertaking such an endeavor.
A detailed list of all possible objectives for creating an IAM covering all possible development and operational situations that might occur would be quite extensive. As is often the case, however, simply identifying the “big rocks” will allow the finer details of those leveraging aspects to be identified and planned for in the development of the IAM.
The Alpine field anchors the westernmost oil-production and -processing facility on Alaska’s North Slope (Fig. 1). Discovered in 1994, the Alpine field is in the Colville River delta, 6 miles south of the Arctic Ocean and approximately 70 miles west of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. The Alpine field began production in November 2000 and continues development today. Subsequently, satellite fields, including the Fiord-Nechelik, Fiord-Kuparuk, Nanuq-Kuparuk, Nanuq-Nanuq, Qannik, and Alpine-Kuparuk, have been brought on line and continue to be developed. Additionally, several fields in the National Petroleum Reserve have the potential to be developed. The common theme across all these developments is that they are or will be produced through the Alpine Central Facility (ACF).
The ACF is a single-train processing facility. The only significant fluid that leaves the ACF is the sales oil. All other gas not used for fuel or lift must either be blended for injection as miscible injectant (enriched lean-gas injectant) or be injected as lean gas into two black-start gas-injection wells. All produced water must be reinjected and, for pipeline-integrity reasons, must be segregated from imported makeup seawater used for injection.
Produced-Water-Reinjection Design and Uncertainties Assessment
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 165138, ’Produced-Water-Reinjection Design and Uncertainty Assessment,’ by Jalel Ochi, Dominique Dexheimer, and Vincent Corpel, Total EP France, prepared for the 2013 SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, 5-7 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Produced-water reinjection (PWR) is an important strategy for deriving value from waste water, but its implementation can face challenges related to injectivity and safety issues. The first objective of a PWRI-design study is to supply water-quality specifications, and the second is to supply injection-pressure specifications. The objective of this paper is to detail how water quality and injection pressure are deduced when uncertainties of input data are considered.
Introduction
Before any PWRI design commences, a feasibility study is performed to assess any compatibility issues and evaluate the risk of scaling and souring and the viability of the project. Bacteria growth and corrosion of the installations have to be tackled and mitigated upstream in the early phase of the project.
The first objective of a PWRI-design study is to determine the water quality in terms of optimum total-suspended-solid (TSS) and oil-in-water (OIW) contents, which could remain in the water after treatment and which would enable maintaining the injectivity under PWRI during the field life. These two parameters allow design of the water-treatment installations. The second objective is to determine the pressure needed to achieve PWRI sustainability; the pump power and the injection-network size will be designed on the basis of this pressure.
PWRI-Design Approaches
There are three main approaches to PWRI design. The first approach is based on analogs and correlation laws, the second is based on laboratory experiments, and the third uses simulations with predictive models. Of these, the most effective is that of running simulations with predictive models, because this allows simultaneous determination of the water quality and the injection pressure needed to sustain injectivity.
Field evidence indicates that, whatever the quality of produced waters, PWRI in matrix (or radial injection) regimes inexorably leads to a continuous decline of injectivity. PWRI is viable only in a fractured regime, and pressure and water quality have to be designed for long-term efficiency of this regime. Fractured injection, though a complex process to model, is now considered to be a part of the PWRI strategy for field developments.
New PWRI simulators are based on modules describing the flow in both matrix and fractured regimes coupled with a module describing the plugging inside and around the well, as well as plugging within and around the fracture, if any. Compared with conventional fracture software used for stimulation jobs, the fracture module takes into account the thermal and poroelastic effects generated by the high leakoff of cool water.
Fetal Sex and Maternal Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact of Having a Boy
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Kramer Caroline K. , Ye Chang , Kew Simone , Hanley Anthony J. , Connelly Philip W. , Sermer Mathew , Zinman Bernard 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE
Retrospective analyses of perinatal databases have raised the intriguing possibility of an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women carrying a male fetus, but it has been unclear if this was a spurious association. We thus sought to evaluate the relationship between fetal sex and maternal glucose metabolism in a well-characterized cohort of women reflecting the full spectrum of gestational glucose tolerance from normal to mildly abnormal to GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,074 pregnant women underwent metabolic characterization, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), at mean 29.5 weeks' gestation. The prevalence of GDM, its pathophysiologic determinants (β-cell function and insulin sensitivity/resistance), and its clinical risk factors were compared between women carrying a female fetus (n = 534) and those carrying a male fetus (n = 540).

RESULTS
Women carrying a male fetus had lower mean adjusted β-cell function (insulinogenic index divided by HOMA of insulin resistance: 9.4 vs. 10.5, P = 0.007) and higher mean adjusted blood glucose at 30 min (P = 0.025), 1 h (P = 0.004), and 2 h (P = 0.02) during the OGTT, as compared with those carrying a female fetus. Furthermore, women carrying a male fetus had higher odds of developing GDM (odds ratio 1.39 [95% CI 1.01–1.90]). Indeed, male fetus further increased the relative risk of GDM conferred by the classic risk factors of maternal age &gt;35 years and nonwhite ethnicity by 47 and 51%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Male fetus is associated with poorer β-cell function, higher postprandial glycemia, and an increased risk of GDM in the mother. Thus, fetal sex potentially may influence maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy.
Qui se ressemble s'assemble ?
Authors: Eloire Fabien 
Published: February 2015

Considéré par Pierre Bourdieu comme l’une des trois principales formes de capital, avec le capital culturel et le capital économique, le capital social occupe pourtant peu de place dans son œuvre. Il ne lui a réellement consacré que des notes provisoires , deux pages qui s’avèrent néanmoins incontournables car elles jettent les bases d’un programme de recherche qui n’a jamais été réellement mis en œuvre empiriquement. La contribution de cet article est double. La première consiste à proposer une relecture théorico-méthodologique des notes provisoires , qui invite à mêler dans l’analyse du capital social, les modes de pensée relationnel et interactionniste. La seconde vise à proposer une application empirique du modèle d’analyse contenu dans les notes provisoires , en soumettant à l’analyse empirique deux hypothèses, posées par Bourdieu, concernant le fonctionnement du capital social : l’ homogamie sociale et l’ effet multiplicateur . Les données mobilisées sont issues d’une enquête de terrain concernant le sous-champ économique local de la gastronomie commerciale dans la métropole lilloise, milieu professionnel soumis à deux nomos contradictoires : d’un côté la valorisation de l’intérêt économique, de l’autre celle de l’activité culinaire proprement dite.
Capital social du dirigeant et performance des entreprises : une étude quantitative auprès des PME du Cameroun
Authors: Mayegle François-Xavier , Ngo Omam Françoise Delphine 
Published: February 2015

Les études sur la performance des entreprises occupent une place importante dans les travaux fondateurs de bien de chercheurs en Sciences de Gestion. Les avis et les résultats sur les impulsions sociales de la performance des entreprises restent divergents cependant. Ainsi, par exemple, les développements menés par Nkakleu (2003) révèlent que les entreprises dont les dirigeants ont des liens sociaux plus nombreux fonctionnent mieux, sont plus performantes que celles dont les liens sociaux des dirigeants le sont moins. Les travaux menés par Baillette (2001) auprès du groupement des chefs d’entreprises du Québec révèlent que le capital social développé par ces dirigeants leur a permis d’accéder à des sources informationnelles très riches et à d’autres ressources variées. Dans la même lancée, Plociniczak (2004) affirme que « l’analyse de la création d’entreprise, et plus généralement, de l’action économique ne peut se passer d’une intégration pleine et effective des cadres relationnels et des structures institutionnelles sans lesquels elle ne pourrait se déployer ». Le présent article se propose de montrer l’impact de la prise en compte du capital social sur le processus de construction de la performance au sein des PME au Cameroun, afin de donner une impulsion de reconsidération de la place des rapports humains et sociaux aux dirigeants dans la construction de leurs performances. Une enquête réalisée auprès de 200 entreprises dans ce pays et à partir d’une approche quantitative aboutit aux résultats suivants : hormis la taille du capital social, la performance des PME camerounaises est influencée par la nature des liens sociaux et le statut social des membres du capital social. Elle permet également de ressortir l’impact de l’investissement dans le capital social sur l’accroissement de leurs performances.
Le partage de vision des acteurs : un enjeu majeur du management de projet
Authors: Phanuel Dominique , Renault Sophie 
Published: February 2015

En 2009 naissait l’ambition d’une quinzaine d’organisations de proposer aux usagers du parc d’activités Pôle 45 un bouquet de services. Or, chacun des acteurs du projet en avait une vision singulière. Grâce à la méthode des « S.P.I.N.S », nous avons pu identifier la vision des principales parties prenantes au projet. Nous en avons souligné les principales convergences et divergences. Les convergences furent considérées comme des points de coalescence devant être consolidés, les divergences révélant l’existence de quelques incertitudes sur les trajectoires du projet. Faire émerger une vision partagée des acteurs apparaît alors comme un enjeu majeur du management de projet.
IκBNS Regulates Murine Th17 Differentiation during Gut Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Annemann Michaela , Wang Zuobai , Plaza-Sirvent Carlos , Glauben Rainer , Schuster Marc , Ewald Sander Frida , Mamareli Panagiota , Kühl Anja A. , Siegmund Britta , Lochner Matthias , Schmitz Ingo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
IL-17–producing Th17 cells mediate immune responses against a variety of fungal and bacterial infections. Signaling via NF-κB has been linked to the development and maintenance of Th17 cells. We analyzed the role of the unusual inhibitor of NF-κB, IκBNS, in the proliferation and effector cytokine production of murine Th17 cells. Our study demonstrates that nuclear IκBNS is crucial for murine Th17 cell generation. IκBNS is highly expressed in Th17 cells; in the absence of IκBNS, the frequencies of IL-17A–producing cells are drastically reduced. This was measured in vitro under Th17-polarizing conditions and confirmed in two colitis models. Mechanistically, murine IκBNS−/− Th17 cells were less proliferative and expressed markedly reduced levels of IL-2, IL-10, MIP-1α, and GM-CSF. Citrobacter rodentium was used as a Th17-inducing infection model, in which IκBNS−/− mice displayed an increased bacterial burden and diminished tissue damage. These results demonstrate the important function of Th17 cells in pathogen clearance, as well as in inflammation-associated pathology. We identified IκBNS to be crucial for the generation and function of murine Th17 cells upon inflammation and infection. Our findings may have implications for the therapy of autoimmune conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and for the treatment of gut-tropic infections.
Immunoprevention of Chemical Carcinogenesis through Early Recognition of Oncogene Mutations
Authors: Nasti Tahseen H. , Rudemiller Kyle J. , Cochran J. Barry , Kim Hee Kyung , Tsuruta Yuko , Fineberg Naomi S. , Athar Mohammad , Elmets Craig A. , Timares Laura 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Prevention of tumors induced by environmental carcinogens has not been achieved. Skin tumors produced by polyaromatic hydrocarbons, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), often harbor an H-ras point mutation, suggesting that it is a poor target for early immunosurveillance. The application of pyrosequencing and allele-specific PCR techniques established that mutations in the genome and expression of the Mut H-ras gene could be detected as early as 1 d after DMBA application. Further, DMBA sensitization raised Mut H-ras epitope–specific CTLs capable of eliminating Mut H-ras+ preneoplastic skin cells, demonstrating that immunosurveillance is normally induced but may be ineffective owing to insufficient effector pool size and/or immunosuppression. To test whether selective pre-expansion of CD8 T cells with specificity for the single Mut H-ras epitope was sufficient for tumor prevention, MHC class I epitope–focused lentivector-infected dendritic cell– and DNA-based vaccines were designed to bias toward CTL rather than regulatory T cell induction. Mut H-ras, but not wild-type H-ras, epitope-focused vaccination generated specific CTLs and inhibited DMBA-induced tumor initiation, growth, and progression in preventative and therapeutic settings. Transferred Mut H-ras–specific effectors induced rapid tumor regression, overcoming established tumor suppression in tumor-bearing mice. These studies support further evaluation of oncogenic mutations for their potential to act as early tumor-specific, immunogenic epitopes in expanding relevant immunosurveillance effectors to block tumor formation, rather than treating established tumors.
FOXO1 Mediates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation and Activity
Authors: Wang Yu , Dong Guangyu , Jeon Hyeran Helen , Elazizi Mohamad , La Lan B. , Hameedaldeen Alhassan , Xiao E , Tian Chen , Alsadun Sarah , Choi Yongwon , Graves Dana T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We have previously shown that the transcription factor FOXO1 is elevated in conditions with high levels of bone resorption. To investigate the role of FOXO1 in the formation of osteoclasts, we examined mice with lineage-specific deletion of FOXO1 in osteoclast precursors and by knockdown of FOXO1 with small interfering RNA. The receptor activator for NF-κB ligand (RANKL), a principal bone-resorbing factor, induced FOXO1 expression and nuclear localization 2 d after stimulation in bone marrow macrophages and RAW264.7 osteoclast precursors. RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclast activity was reduced in half in vivo and in vitro with lineage-specific FOXO1 deletion (LyzM.Cre+FOXO1L/L) compared with matched controls (LyzM.Cre−FOXO1L/L). Similar results were obtained by knockdown of FOXO1 in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, FOXO1-mediated osteoclast formation was linked to regulation of NFATc1 nuclear localization and expression as well as a number of downstream factors, including dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein, ATP6vod2, cathepsin K, and integrin αv. Lastly, FOXO1 deletion reduced M-CSF–induced RANK expression and migration of osteoclast precursors. In the present study, we provide evidence that FOXO1 plays a direct role in osteoclast formation by mediating the effect of RANKL on NFATc1 and several downstream effectors. This is likely to be significant because FOXO1 and RANKL are elevated in osteolytic conditions.
Placental Growth Factor-1 and -2 Induce Hyperplasia and Invasiveness of Primary Rheumatoid Synoviocytes
Authors: Yoo Seung-Ah , Park Ji-Hwan , Hwang Seong-Hye , Oh Sang-Min , Lee Saseong , Cicatiello Valeria , Rho Sangchul , De Falco Sandro , Hwang Daehee , Cho Chul-Soo , Kim Wan-Uk 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Inflammation-mediated oncogenesis has been implicated in a variety of cancer types. Rheumatoid synovial tissues can be viewed as a tumor-like mass, consisting of hyperplastic fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). FLSs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have promigratory and invasive characteristics, which may be caused by chronic exposure to genotoxic stimuli, including hypoxia and growth factors. We tested whether a transformed phenotype of RA-FLSs is associated with placental growth factor (PlGF), a representative angiogenic growth factor induced by hypoxia. In this study, we identified PlGF-1 and PlGF-2 as the major PlGF isoforms in RA-FLSs. Global gene expression profiling revealed that cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell migration were mainly represented by differentially expressed genes in RA-FLSs transfected with small interfering RNA for PlGF. Indeed, PlGF-deficient RA-FLSs showed a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but an increase in apoptotic death in vitro. PlGF gene overexpression resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, exogeneous PlGF-1 and PlGF-2 increased survival, migration, and invasiveness of RA-FLSs by binding their receptors, Flt-1 and neuropilin-1, and upregulating the expression of antiapoptotic molecules, pErk and Bcl2. Knockdown of PlGF transcripts reduced RA-FLS proliferation in a xenotransplantation model. Collectively, in addition to their role for neovascularization, PlGF-1 and -2 promote proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of RA-FLSs in an autocrine and paracrine manner. These results demonstrated how primary cells of mesenchymal origin acquired an aggressive and transformed phenotype. PlGF and its receptors thus offer new targets for anti-FLS therapy.
Plantar-Plate Disruptions: “The Severe Turf-Toe Injury.” Three Cases in Contact Athletes
Authors: Drakos Mark C. , Fiore Russell , Murphy Conor , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo present 3 cases of plantar-plate rupture and turf-toe injury in contact athletes at 1 university and to discuss appropriate diagnosis and treatment algorithms for each case.BackgroundTurf toe is a common injury in athletes participating in outdoor cutting sports. However, it has been used as an umbrella term to describe many different injuries of the great toe. In some cases, the injury can be so severe that the plantar plate and sesamoid apparatus may be ruptured. These patients may be better managed with surgery than with traditional nonoperative interventions.Differential DiagnosisTurf toe, plantar-plate disruption, sesamoid fracture.TreatmentFor stable injuries in which the plantar plate is not completely disrupted, nonoperative treatment with casting or a stiff-soled shoe, gradual weight bearing, and rehabilitation is the best practice. Unstable injuries require surgical intervention and plantar-plate repair.UniquenessTurf toe and injury to the first metatarsophalangeal joint are relatively common injuries in athletes, but few researchers have detailed the operative and nonoperative treatments of plantar-plate disruption in these patients. We examine 3 cases that occurred over 4 seasons on a collegiate football team.ConclusionsTurf toe represents a wide array of pathologic conditions involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Stress and instability testing are key components to assess in determining whether surgical intervention is warranted to restore optimal function. Stiffer-soled shoes or shoes with steel-plate insertions may help to prevent these injuries and are useful tools for protection during the rehabilitation period.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms working group consensus recommendations for diagnosis and management of primary myelofibrosis, polycythemia vera, and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Agarwal M. B. , Malhotra Hemant , Chakrabarti Prantar , Varma Neelam , Mathews Vikram , Bhattacharyya Jina , Seth Tulika , Gayathri K. , Menon Hari , Subramanian P. G. , Sharma Ajay , Bhattacharyya Maitreyee , Mehta Jay , Vaid A. K. , Shah Sandeep , Aggarwal Shyam , Gogoi P. K. , Nair Reena , Agarwal Usha , Varma Subhash , Prasad S. V. S. S. , Manipadam Marie Therese 
Published: February 2015

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R YAccording to the 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid malignancies, philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include clonal, hematologic disorders such as polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, and essential thrombocythemia. Recent years have witnessed major advances in the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of these rare subgroups of chronic, myeloproliferative disorders. Identification of somatic mutations in genes associated with pathogenesis and evolution of these myeloproliferative conditions (Janus Kinase 2; myeloproliferative leukemia virus gene; calreticulin) led to substantial changes in the international guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Ph-negative MPN during the last few years. The MPN-Working Group (MPN-WG), a panel of hematologists with expertise in MPN diagnosis and treatment from various parts of India, examined applicability of this latest clinical and scientific evidence in the context of hematology practice in India. This manuscript summarizes the consensus recommendations formulated by the MPN-WG that can be followed as a guideline for management of patients with Ph-negative MPN in the context of clinical practice in India.