bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Based Approach to Study of Release Kinetics of the Drug Chlorhexidine from Hydrogels
Authors: Vitková Zuzana , Oremusová Jarmilla , Herdová Petra , Vitko Anton , Ivanková Olga 
Published: February 2015

AbstractKnowledge of the release kinetics together with its (mathematical) model is inevitable for prediction of properties and optimization of dosage forms. The ability to optimize the release kinetics is a key factor in the endeavour of increasing pharmaceutical availability. The optimization may be done by a suitable choice of the dosage form or by clever distribution of the drug in the auxiliary substances or even by using an automatically working drug delivery device. This paper describes a model-based analysis and preparation of hydrogels. The following composition was used in the experiment: Chitosan – the gel creating basis; polymer, chlorhexidine – the drug; dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide – the auxiliary substance and surfactant. The release kinetics were studied at three temperatures and were evaluated by using several models (zero order, pseudo-first order, first order, Higuchi, Hixon Crowell, Weibul distribution and Korsmeyer-Peppas). It was found that the best fitting model of the drug release was the Higuchi model. So as to predict character of the release process (exothermic and spontaneous), the activation energy, activation enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were evaluated.
The EPICA Dronning Maud Land deep drilling operation
Authors: Wilhelms Frank , Miller Heinrich , Gerasimoff Michael D. , Drücker Cord , Frenzel Andreas , Fritzsche Diedrich , Grobe Hannes , Hansen Steffen Bo , Hilmarsson Sverrir Æ. , Hoffmann Georg , Hörnby Kerstin , Jaeschke Andrea , Jakobsdóttir Steinunn S. , Juckschat Paul , Karsten Achim , Karsten Lorenz , Kaufmann Patrik R. , Karlin Torbjörn , Kohlberg Eberhard , Kleffel Guido , Lambrecht Anja , Lambrecht Astrid , Lawer Gunther , Schärmeli Ivan , Schmitt Jochen , Sheldon Simon G. , Takata Morimasa , Trenke Marcus , Twarloh Birthe , Valero-Delgado Fernando , Wilhelms-Dick Dorothee 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report on the EPICA Dronning Maud Land (East Antarctica) deep drilling operation. Starting with the scientific questions that led to the outline of the EPICA project, we introduce the setting of sister drillings at NorthGRIP and EPICA Dome C within the European ice-coring community. The progress of the drilling operation is described within the context of three parallel, deep-drilling operations, the problems that occurred and the solutions we developed. Modified procedures are described, such as the monitoring of penetration rate via cable weight rather than motor torque, and modifications to the system (e.g. closing the openings at the lower end of the outer barrel to reduce the risk of immersing the drill in highly concentrated chip suspension). Parameters of the drilling (e.g. core-break force, cutter pitch, chips balance, liquid level, core production rate and piece number) are discussed. We also review the operational mode, particularly in the context of achieved core length and piece length, which have to be optimized for drilling efficiency and core quality respectively. We conclude with recommendations addressing the design of the chip-collection openings and strictly limiting the cable-load drop with respect to the load at the start of the run.
Les idéologies de l'écologisme
Authors: Guha Ramachandra , Flipo Fabrice 
Published: February 2015

Ce texte est un extrait du rapport rendu 1 par Ramachandra Guha et Madhav Gadgil pour l’ unrisd , en 1992. Il reste pertinent au sens où la classification proposée et les exemples donnés restent largement représentatifs de ce qu’il en est de ce que l’on peut appeler le « mouvement écologiste » en Inde aujourd’hui, dénomination qui peut prêter à discussion. On constate aussi que les catégories proposées, sans recouper exactement les divisions proposées dans le cas des mouvements français, ne leur sont pas non plus totalement étrangères.
Surveillance électronique et contrôle de la délinquance
Authors: Allaria Camille 
Published: February 2015

La technologie numérique s’accompagne d’une reconfiguration de l’espace social, et notamment du champ judiciaire. Le bracelet électronique sera ainsi l’un des outils privilégiés de la nouvelle stratégie pénale définie par la réforme du 10 juin 2014 adoptée à l’initiative du ministère de Christiane Taubira. Cette réforme prévoit en effet de développer fortement les aménagements de peine via la création d’une nouvelle sanction baptisée « contrainte pénale », « peine en milieu ouvert qui vise à proposer aux magistrats une alternative à l’incarcération ». Camille Allaria, qui a conduit une enquête auprès de plusieurs porteurs de bracelet, nous propose d’éclaircir la nature de cet instrument bien particulier.
L'aire du numérique
Authors: Auray Nicolas , Cottin-Marx Simon , Ouardi Samira 
Published: February 2015

À partir du parcours de trois hacktivistes de la Quadrature du Net, cet itinéraire offre un tour d’horizon des luttes actuelles autour du numérique. Des radios libres à Internet, une même histoire se dégage : elle est faite de partages, de liberté d’expression, de biens communs, mais aussi d’une multitude d’organisations, d’initiatives, de luttes. Alors que le Web est de plus en plus l’objet d’attaques de la part des États ou des entreprises privées, Mouvements propose un tour d’horizon de l’ère du numérique avec trois militants de la neutralité du Net.
Potentialités et limites de la simulation multi-agents : une introduction
Authors: Manzo Gianluca 
Published: February 2015

Cet article a un objectif général, permettre au lecteur un survol des principaux thèmes théoriques et méthodologiques traversant les recherches relatives à, et fondées sur, la simulation multi-agents. Il a également un objectif spécifique : aider le lecteur à mieux comprendre les contributions qui constituent le numéro thématique que la Revue française de sociologie a voulu consacrer à cette méthode. Pour ce faire, il aborde les points suivants : 1) l’originalité de la simulation multi-agents ; 2) le type d’explication que cette méthode permet de mettre en œuvre ; 3) le substrat informatique de la méthode ; 4) ses potentialités pour traiter le problème de l’agrégation ; 5) le rapport que l’on peut établir entre une simulation multi-agents et les données empiriques ; 6) les points critiques de la méthode.
The Combination of ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant and TLR Agonists Induces Regression of Established Solid Tumors In Vivo
Authors: Silva Anabel , Mount Adele , Krstevska Karoline , Pejoski David , Hardy Matthew P. , Owczarek Catherine , Scotney Pierre , Maraskovsky Eugene , Baz Morelli Adriana 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The development of therapeutic vaccines for treatment of established cancer has proven challenging. Cancer vaccines not only need to induce a robust tumor Ag-specific immune response but also need to overcome the tolerogenic and immunosuppressive microenvironments that exist within many solid cancers. ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (ISCOMATRIX) is able to induce both tumor Ag-specific cellular and Ab responses to protect mice against tumor challenge, but this is insufficient to result in regression of established solid tumors. In the current study, we have used B16-OVA melanoma, Panc-OVA pancreatic, and TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer mouse tumor models to test therapeutic efficacy of ISCOMATRIX vaccines combined with other immune modulators. The coadministration of an ISCOMATRIX vaccine with the TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and TLR9 agonist, CpG, reduced tumor growth in all tumor models and the presence of ISCOMATRIX in the formulation was critical for the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine. This vaccine combination induced a robust and multifunctional CD8+ T cell response. Therapeutic protection required IFN-γ and CD8+ T cells, whereas NK and CD4+ T cells were found to be redundant. ISCOMATRIX vaccines combined with TLR3 and TLR9 agonists represent a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy.
Macrophage Mitochondrial and Stress Response to Ingestion of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Coelho Carolina , Souza Ana Camila Oliveira , Derengowski Lorena da Silveira , de Leon-Rodriguez Carlos , Wang Bo , Leon-Rivera Rosiris , Bocca Anamelia Lorenzetti , Gonçalves Teresa , Casadevall Arturo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Human infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, a common fungal pathogen, follows deposition of yeast spores in the lung alveoli. The subsequent host–pathogen interaction can result in eradication, latency, or extrapulmonary dissemination. Successful control of C. neoformans infection is dependent on host macrophages, but macrophages display little ability to kill C. neoformans in vitro. Recently, we reported that ingestion of C. neoformans by mouse macrophages induces early cell cycle progression followed by mitotic arrest, an event that almost certainly reflects host cell damage. The goal of the present work was to understand macrophage pathways affected by C. neoformans toxicity. Infection of macrophages by C. neoformans was associated with alterations in protein translation rate and activation of several stress pathways, such as hypoxia-inducing factor-1-α, receptor-interacting protein 1, and apoptosis-inducing factor. Concomitantly we observed mitochondrial depolarization in infected macrophages, an observation that was replicated in vivo. We also observed differences in the stress pathways activated, depending on macrophage cell type, consistent with the nonspecific nature of C. neoformans virulence known to infect phylogenetically distant hosts. Our results indicate that C. neoformans infection impairs multiple host cellular functions and undermines the health of these critical phagocytic cells, which can potentially interfere with their ability to clear this fungal pathogen.
Clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding at tertiary care center of North India
Authors: Anand Deep , Gupta Rohit , Dhar Minakshi , Ahuja Vivek 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The presentation of bleeding depends on the amount and location of hemorrhage and the endoscopic profile varies according to different etiology. Despite advancements in medical intervention UGIB still carries considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden on health care system. At present, there is limited epidemiological data on UGIB and associated mortality from India. Aims: The aim was to study clinical, endoscopic profile, and associated mortality in patients presenting with UGIB. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen patients came to Emergency Department with UGIB during the study period and were subjected to endoscopy to identify the etiology. The clinical and endoscopic profile was analyzed and mortality pattern was studied. Results: The mean age of patients was 49 ± 14.26. Majority of them were males (83.33%) and male to female ratio was 5:1. The most common cause of UGIB was portal hypertension related (Esophageal and gastric varices) seen in 56.14% of patients, peptic ulcer-related bleed was seen in 14.91% patients, gastric erosions were responsible for bleed in 12.28% patients, Mallory–Weiss tear was seen in 8.77% cases, gastric malignancy accounted for 4.38% of cases, Dieulafoy’s lesion was responsible for bleed in 1.75% cases and 1.75% had Duodenal polyp. The mortality rate because of UGIB in our cohort of patients was 21.05%. Conclusions: In the present study, variceal bleed was the most common cause of UGIB, followed by peptic ulcer bleed. Overall mortality was seen in 21.05% of cases; however, majority of mortality was seen in portal hypertension related bleeding.
Pancreatic actinomycosis: Possible complication of long-term pancreatic stenting, diagnosed on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided pancreatic duct brushings
Authors: Manucha Varsha , Haluszka Oleh 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided biliary and pancreatic ductal brushings are being used as routine procedures to diagnose mass lesions of the pancreas and stenotic lesions of the biliary ducts and pancreas. We report a rare case of pancreatic actinomycosis in a patient with alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis with biliary and pancreatic duct strictures and occluded pancreatic stents, diagnosed on pancreatic duct brushings.
A hairy intruder into colon
Authors: Jalihal Umesh , Shivalingaiah Prithvipriyadarshini , Shurane Dheena , Reddyvari Kiran 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOvarian dermoid cysts are benign tumors, which develop from totipotent germ cells and grow into mature tissue types consisting of hair, teeth, fat and neural tissue. Ovarian dermoid cyst fistulizing to the sigmoid is rare and presenting with bleeding per rectum is extremely rare. We present a case of middle-aged woman with bleeding per rectum who had the right adnexal tumor fistulating to sigmoid.
Acute colon pseudo-obstruction after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: An unusual co-incidence in a case of acute stroke
Authors: Wagle Suhas D. , Divate Pradeep G. , D'Costa Pradeep M. , Kalekar Tushar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a standard procedure for enteral feeding tube placement in the stomach for patients with nonobstructive dysphagia. Major and minor complications have been described in early and delayed phase. We describe a 57-year-old hypertensive male patient who underwent PEG for nonobstructive dysphagia after an acute cerebro-vascular accident that presented as right hemiplegia due to pontine hemorrhage. Patient went on to develop nonobstructive spontaneous acute colon dilation from cecum to rectum 72 h after the procedure. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen was undertaken to rule out mechanical obstruction or colon entrapment. Injection Neostigmine was used on day 10 after PEG as there was a recurrence after initial partial resolution. Thereafter patient had an uneventful recovery.
Decreased Plasma Myeloperoxidase Associated with Probiotic Therapy in Autistic Children
Authors: Russo Anthony J. 
Published: February 2015

AIM To assess plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in autistic children and to test the hypothesis that there is an association between decreased MPO concentration and probiotic therapy. Subjects and Methods Plasma from 49 autistic children (39 males; mean age 11.4 years) (17 with diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) disease -chronic diarrhea and/or constipation (10 of these GI patients were taking probiotics) and 26 receiving probiotic therapy) and 36 neurotypical controls (29 males; mean age 10.2 years; controls were not assessed for GI disease) were tested for MPO plasma concentration using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). Plasma concentration of MPO in autistic individuals was compared to plasma concentration of copper and zinc. Results We found that individuals with autism, receiving no therapy, did not have significantly lower plasma MPO levels when compared to controls. In the autistic group, MPO levels were significantly lower in individuals taking probiotic therapy. In addition, plasma copper levels were significantly lower in autistic individuals taking probiotics compared to those not taking probiotics, but plasma zinc levels were not different in the probiotic group. Discussion These results suggest a relationship between low MPO levels found in a group of autistic individuals and probiotic therapy. By possibly changing gut bacterial flora and thereby changing absorption properties in the gut, probiotic therapy was also associated with lower copper levels.
Gaan veiligheidsmaatregelen ten koste van de servicebeleving?
Authors: van der Kleij Rick , Roelofs Maaike , van Hemert Dianne A. 
Published: February 2015

Do surveillance measures harm service perception?
Surveillance measures in public places such as train stations, large events or business premises are aimed at increasing security at those specific locations. They enable people to move around securely at public (high) risk locations. However, people often experience these measures as an obstacle. Too much security often results in limitations of freedom of movement and violations of privacy. Could surveillance measures be designed in such a way that they are perceived more as a ‘service’? The authors studied the variables that influence whether people experience surveillance as a service or as a hindrance. At three surveillance locations (Schiphol Airport, Hoog Catharijne shopping area and Amersfoort railway station) more than thousand visitors were surveyed. They were asked how they experienced service and security on the site. The results show that there are differences in service perception in relation to security measures at the three locations studied. They show how the tension between service and safety can be reduced and provide clues for improving security measures. The results can be used by owners of public locations, surveillance stakeholders or private companies for the optimalisation and re-design of a location, as their goal is to attract loyal visitors, who are not frustrated and are willing to use the location frequently, and who preferably speak positively about the location to others. Also the security measures themselves can be improved, both technical security measures as well as human security measures.
Modeling inward diffusion and slow decay of energetic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt
Authors: Ma Q. , Li W. , Thorne R. M. , Ni B. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Reeves G. D. , Henderson M. G. , Spence H. E. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F. , Claudepierre S. G. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new 3‐D diffusion code is used to investigate the inward intrusion and slow decay of energetic radiation belt electrons (>0.5 MeV) observed by the Van Allen Probes during a 10 day quiet period on March 2013. During the inward transport, the peak differential electron fluxes decreased by approximately an order of magnitude at various energies. Our 3‐D radiation belt simulation including radial diffusion and pitch angle and energy diffusion by plasmaspheric hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves reproduces the essential features of the observed electron flux evolution. The decay time scales and the pitch angle distributions in our simulation are consistent with the Van Allen Probe observations over multiple energy channels. Our study suggests that the quiet time energetic electron dynamics are effectively controlled by inward radial diffusion and pitch angle scattering due to a combination of plasmaspheric hiss and EMIC waves in the Earth's radiation belts.
Relationships among seismic velocity, metamorphism, and seismic and aseismic fault slip in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field region
Authors: McGuire Jeffrey J. , Lohman Rowena B. , Catchings Rufus D. , Rymer Michael J. , Goldman Mark R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Salton Sea Geothermal Field is one of the most geothermally and seismically active areas in California and presents an opportunity to study the effect of high‐temperature metamorphism on the properties of seismogenic faults. The area includes numerous active tectonic faults that have recently been imaged with active source seismic reflection and refraction. We utilize the active source surveys, along with the abundant microseismicity data from a dense borehole seismic network, to image the 3‐D variations in seismic velocity in the upper 5 km of the crust. There are strong velocity variations, up to ~30%, that correlate spatially with the distribution of shallow heat flow patterns. The combination of hydrothermal circulation and high‐temperature contact metamorphism has significantly altered the shallow sandstone sedimentary layers within the geothermal field to denser, more feldspathic, rock with higher P wave velocity, as is seen in the numerous exploration wells within the field. This alteration appears to have a first‐order effect on the frictional stability of shallow faults. In 2005, a large earthquake swarm and deformation event occurred. Analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and earthquake relocations indicates that the shallow aseismic fault creep that occurred in 2005 was localized on the Kalin fault system that lies just outside the region of high‐temperature metamorphism. In contrast, the earthquake swarm, which includes all of the M > 4 earthquakes to have occurred within the Salton Sea Geothermal Field in the last 15 years, ruptured the Main Central Fault (MCF) system that is localized in the heart of the geothermal anomaly. The background microseismicity induced by the geothermal operations is also concentrated in the high‐temperature regions in the vicinity of operational wells. However, while this microseismicity occurs over a few kilometer scale region, much of it is clustered in earthquake swarms that last from hours to a few days and are localized near the MCF system.
Estimating volcanic deformation source parameters with a finite element inversion: The 2001–2002 unrest at Cotopaxi volcano, Ecuador
Authors: Hickey James , Gottsmann Jo , Mothes Patricia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDeformation at Cotopaxi was observed between 2001 and 2002 along with recorded seismicity beneath the northeast (NE) flank, despite the fact that the last eruption occurred in 1942. We use electronic distance meter deformation data along with the patterns of recorded seismicity to constrain the cause of this unrest episode. To solve for the optimum deformation source parameters we employ inverse finite element (FE) models that account for material heterogeneities and surface topography. For a range of source shapes the models converge on a shallow reservoir beneath the southwest (SW) flank. The individual best fit model is a small oblate‐shaped source, approximately 4–5 km beneath the summit, with a volume increase of roughly 20 × 106 m3. This SW source location contrasts with the NE seismicity locations. Subsequently, further FE models that additionally account for temperature‐dependent viscoelasticity are used to reconcile the deformation and seismicity simultaneously. Comparisons of elastic and viscous timescales allude to aseismic pressurization of a small magma reservoir in the SW. Seismicity in the NE is then explained through a mechanism of fluid migration from the SW to the NE along fault systems. We extend our analyses to further show that if future unrest crises are accompanied by measurable seismicity around the deformation source, this could indicate a higher magma supply rate and increased likelihood of a forthcoming eruption.