bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification correlations
Authors: Baran H , Ozcan K M , Selcuk A , Cetin M A , Cayir S , Ozcan M , Dere H 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa following exposure to allergens. A few studies have investigated how the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification correlates with symptom severity and skin prick test results in allergic rhinitis patients. Our objective was to evaluate such a correlation.Materials and methods:The study population consisted of 268 patients who had allergic symptoms and were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.Results:Analysis of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification with regard to symptom severity revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups for nasal symptoms, wheezing, eye itching/watering and eye redness. Symptom frequency and severity increased gradually towards the moderate to severe persistent allergic group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for grass pollen and house dust mite allergy.Conclusion:The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma classification, which takes symptoms and quality of life into consideration in addition to allergen exposure, is a useful classification system for allergic rhinitis.
Forced, coerced and voluntary recruitment into rebel and militia groups in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Richards Joanne 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWhy do non-state armed groups forcibly recruit civilians? To address this question I develop a conceptual framework distinguishing voluntary, coerced and forced recruitment. I then compare the recruitment tactics employed by ‘Mai-Mai’ militias and the RCD-Goma rebel group in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in order to inductively develop a theory explaining why groups with different initial economic and social endowments resort to force. This comparison draws on interviews with 41 former militia members and 11 former members of RCD-Goma. The theory suggests that forced recruitment is most likely to occur when non-state armed groups experience manpower deficits and when accountability (to local communities, government sponsors and/or the international community) is low. High levels of popular support will not necessarily prevent recourse to force under these conditions, but may mean that force is less necessary because voluntary and coerced recruits come forward to fill manpower gaps.
‘Can someone get me outta this middle class zone?!’ Pressures on middle class Kikuyu in Kenya's 2013 election
Authors: Burbidge Dominic 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWhilst the middle class are often heralded as forerunners for consolidating democracy, the experiences of Kikuyu in Kenya's 2013 election reveal how under-problematised the socio-economic group is for understanding the pressures faced in voting. The article presents evidence from diary entries of young middle class Kikuyu residing in Nairobi who recorded their feelings and impressions across a period of one month surrounding the country's elections. The diary writers describe the key moments at which they felt the need to switch from supporting third-placed presidential hopefuls to supporting one of the two favourites. Topics felt to pressure voters most keenly were ethnicity, social media, debate surrounding the International Criminal Court and the lack of confidence in others of the middle class. Unlike election analyses which assume static preferences and voting blocks, this methodology allows exploration of the ongoing negotiations and deliberations that influence voting intentions over time. The tensions felt by middle class Kikuyu during the election period made them wish they were members of either of the two other classes, who were in turn viewed as able to influence politics through money or popular power. These feelings of disempowerment ensured voting attitudes fell closely in line with ethnic affiliations, despite members of the middle class remaining wholly dissatisfied with ethnic labelling throughout. It is argued that the economic autonomy of middle class voters did not help disengage them from political tribalism in assessing how to vote.
Are we really mapping psychosis risk? Neuroanatomical signature of affective disorders in subjects at ultra high risk
Authors: Modinos G. , Allen P. , Frascarelli M. , Tognin S. , Valmaggia L. , Xenaki L. , Keedwell P. , Broome M. , Valli I. , Woolley J. , Stone J. M. , Mechelli A. , Phillips M. L. , McGuire P. , Fusar-Poli P. 
Published: April 2014

Background.The majority of people at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis also present with co-morbid affective disorders such as depression or anxiety. The neuroanatomical and clinical impact of UHR co-morbidity is unknown.Method.We investigated group differences in grey matter volume using baseline magnetic resonance images from 121 participants in four groups: UHR with depressive or anxiety co-morbidity; UHR alone; major depressive disorder; and healthy controls. The impact of grey matter volume on baseline and longitudinal clinical/functional data was assessed with regression analyses.Results.The UHR-co-morbidity group had lower grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex than the UHR-alone group, with an intermediate effect between controls and patients with major depressive disorder. In the UHR-co-morbidity group, baseline anterior cingulate volume was negatively correlated with baseline suicidality/self-harm and obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms.Conclusions.Co-morbid depression and anxiety disorders contributed distinctive grey matter volume reductions of the anterior cingulate cortex in people at UHR of psychosis. These volumetric deficits were correlated with baseline measures of depression and anxiety, suggesting that co-morbid depressive and anxiety diagnoses should be carefully considered in future clinical and imaging studies of the psychosis high-risk state.
A reciprocating twin-channel model for ABC transporters
Authors: Jones Peter M. , George Anthony M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractABC transporters comprise a large, diverse, and ubiquitous superfamily of membrane active transporters. Their core architecture is a dimer of dimers, comprising two transmembrane (TM) domains that bind substrate, and two ATP-binding cassettes, which use the cell's energy currency to couple substrate translocation to ATP hydrolysis. Despite the availability of over a dozen resolved structures and a wealth of biochemical and biophysical data, this field is bedeviled by controversy and long-standing mechanistic questions remain unresolved. The prevailing paradigm for the ABC transport mechanism is the Switch Model, in which the ATP-binding cassettes dimerize upon binding two ATP molecules, and thence dissociate upon sequential ATP hydrolysis. This cycle of nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) dimerization and dissociation is coupled to a switch between inward- or outward facing conformations of a single TM channel; this alternating access enables substrate binding on one face of the membrane and its release at the other. Notwithstanding widespread acceptance of the Switch Model, there is substantial evidence that the NBDs do not separate very much, if at all, and thus physical separation of the ATP cassettes observed in crystallographic structures may be an artefact. An alternative Constant Contact Model has been proposed, in which ATP hydrolysis occurs alternately at the two ATP-binding sites, with one of the sites remaining closed and containing occluded nucleotide at all times. In this model, the cassettes remain in contact and the active sites swing open in an alternately seesawing motion. Whilst the concept of NBD association/dissociation in the Switch Model is naturally compatible with a single alternating-access channel, the asymmetric functioning proposed by the Constant Contact model suggests an alternating or reciprocating function in the TMDs. Here, a new model for the function of ABC transporters is proposed in which the sequence of ATP binding, hydrolysis, and product release in each active site is directly coupled to the analogous sequence of substrate binding, translocation and release in one of two functionally separate substrate translocation pathways. Each translocation pathway functions 180° out of phase. A wide and diverse selection of data for both ABC importers and exporters is examined, and the ability of the Switch and Reciprocating Models to explain the data is compared and contrasted. This analysis shows that not only can the Reciprocating Model readily explain the data; it also suggests straightforward explanations for the function of a number of atypical ABC transporters. This study represents the most coherent and complete attempt at an all-encompassing scheme to explain how these important proteins work, one that is consistent with sound biochemical and biophysical evidence.
Remobilization of seed phosphorus reserves and their role in attaining phosphorus autotrophy in maize (Zea maysL.) seedlings
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Mollier Alain , Morel Christian , Prud'homme Loïc , Vives Alain , Pellerin Sylvain 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSuccessful remobilization of seed reserves is the driving force behind seedling establishment for maximum final crop outcomes. The remobilization of stored maize seed phosphorus (P), and its allocation towards growing seedlings is critical for P-autotrophy during early ontogeny. We aimed to (1) evaluate the time frame of the origin of P utilized by maize seedlings, including the heterotrophic, transitional and autotrophic phases; and (2) compare P and carbon (C) dynamics in both seed and seedling compartments during the same phases. Using isotopic signatures (32P), we identified different P fluxes (P-heterotrophy, P-transition and P-autotrophy) and determined the proportion of P fluxes from heterotrophic seed P and external P uptake during 23 d of early ontogeny. The P-heterotrophic growth phase lasted from the first to the fourth day after sowing, when seedlings were entirely made up of heterotrophic P originating from remobilized seed P pool. In our experimental conditions, the P-transitional phase, when growing seedlings were supported by both heterotrophic and autotrophic P, lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth day after sowing. Thereafter, seed P reserves were exhausted and seedlings depended entirely on external P uptake, indicating the P-autotrophic stage. Although seed P reserves were remobilized earlier than C reserves, the length of the three growth phases for P and C was similar in the maize seedlings.
Prediction of preschool functional abilities after early complex cardiac surgery
Authors: Alton Gwen Y. , Taghados Soreh , Joffe Ari R. , Robertson Charlene M. T. , Dinu Irina ,   the Western Canadian Pediatric Therapies Follow-Up Group
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground:It is important to identify early predictors of functional limitations in children after congenital heart surgery to optimise their independence as they prepare for school. The purpose of this study is to determine potentially modifiable predictor variables of functional abilities in pre-school children who underwent complex cardiac surgery at 6 weeks of age or earlier.Methods:This prospective inception cohort study comprised a sample of 165 survivors (63% boys) who had complex cardiac surgery (75% biventricular repairs) at Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta. We excluded children with chromosomal abnormalities. When children were 4–5 years of age, the parents completed the Adaptive Behavioral Assessment System II. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between multiple risk factors and each of the four continuous composite scores.Results:The mean scores for the practical domain and general adaptive composite score of the Adaptive Behavioural Assessment System were lower than the conceptual and social domains, with 13.3% of the children having a delay in the practical domain. There was a significant association between the general adaptive (p=0.003; 0.012), conceptual (p=0.0004; 0.042), social (p=0.0007; 0.028), and the practical (p=0.046; 0.003) domain composite scores with the mother’s education and preoperative plasma lactate, respectively.Conclusion:Maternal education may be a marker for the social context of children, and warrants societal attention to improve functional outcomes. Preoperative lactate as a potentially modifiable variable may warrant increased attention to early diagnosis and aggressive resuscitation of young infants with congenital heart disease.
When and Why Health Care Personnel Respond to a Disaster: The State of the Science
Authors: Connor Susan B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveEmergency response relies on the assumption that essential health care services will continue to operate and be available to provide quality patient care during and after a patient surge. The observed successes and failures of health care systems during recent mass-casualty events and the concern that these assumptions are not evidence based prompted this review.MethodThe aims of this systematic review were to explore the factors associated with the intention of health care personnel (HCP) to respond to uncommon events, such as a natural disaster or pandemic, determine the state of the science, and bolster evidence-based measures that have been shown to facilitate staff response.ResultsAuthors of the 70 studies (five mixed-methods, 49 quantitative, 16 qualitative) that met inclusion criteria reported a variety of variables that influenced the intent of HCP to respond. Current evidence suggests that four primary factors emerged as either facilitating or hindering the willingness of HCP to respond to an event: (1) the nature of the event; (2) competing obligations; (3) the work environment and climate; and (4) the relationship between knowledge and perceptions of efficacy.ConclusionsFindings of this study could influence and strengthen policy making by emergency response planners, staffing coordinators, health educators, and health system administrators.ConnorSB.When and why health care personnel respond to a disaster: the state of the science.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(3):1-5.
STRUCTURE THEOREM FOR -OPERATORS
Authors: RAMESH G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper we prove a structure theorem for the class of $\mathcal{AN}$-operators between separable, complex Hilbert spaces which is similar to that of the singular value decomposition of a compact operator. Apart from this, we show that a bounded operator is $\mathcal{AN}$ if and only if it is either compact or a sum of a compact operator and scalar multiple of an isometry satisfying some condition. We obtain characterizations of these operators as a consequence of this structure theorem and deduce several properties which are similar to those of compact operators.
The effect of acupressure application on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Genç Fatma , Tan Mehtap 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acupressure applied to the pericardium 6 (P6 or neiguan) acupuncture point on chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer.Method:The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental model with a control group. It included a total of 64 patients with stages 1–3 breast cancer who received cycle two and more advanced chemotherapy in an ambulatory chemotherapy unit. There were 32 patients in the experimental group and 32 patients in the control group. Acupressure was applied to the P6 acupuncture point of patients in the experimental group with the help of a wristband. A Patient Information Form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Index of Nausea, Vomiting and Retching were employed to collect the data.Results:It was determined that the mean nausea, vomiting, and retching scores, the total (experience, occurrence, and distress) scores, and the mean anxiety scores for patients to whom acupressure was applied at the P6 acupuncture point were statistically significantly lower compared with the scores of patients in the control group.Significance of Results:The efficacy of applying acupressure was demonstrated. We determined that applying acupressure at the P6 point is effective in decreasing chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in patients with breast cancer. Further research with more subjects is needed.
Variation in the number of capitate glandular trichomes in wild and cultivated sunflower germplasm and its potential for use in host plant resistance
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. 
Published: April 2014

The capitate glandular trichomes of wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) are considered to be effective defence components that act against some herbivorous insects, but cultivated sunflowers are reportedly deficient in glandular trichomes. To investigate whether glandular trichomes have a role in the protection of cultivated sunflowers against insects, in the present study, Helianthus annuus L. accessions were grown to quantify glandular trichome density in wild and cultivated germplasm types and assess potential anti-insect effects of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of cultivated sunflowers. Evaluation revealed that capitate glandular trichomes are often abundant in cultivated sunflowers; relative to wild H. annuus, inbred maintainer (HA) lines have similar numbers of glandular trichomes per floret, while commercial hybrids have only ≈ 20% fewer trichomes when compared with wild sunflowers. In the laboratory assay, it was found that glandular trichome extracts increased the mortality rates of sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), larvae exposed from the neonatal stage to 9 d. In the surviving larvae, the extracts significantly reduced larval mass and head capsule width. Though there are limitations to the value of glandular trichomes for host plant resistance, the feeding deterrent or toxic effects of sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes in sunflower glandular trichomes are not limited to sunflower moth larvae, suggesting a potential for resistance to other sunflower insect pests. Additional research is required to understand the inheritance and value of glandular trichomes in commercial sunflower germplasm and how the composition of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of wild H. annuus may differ from that in cultivated material.
The junctional epithelium originates from the odontogenic epithelium of an erupted tooth
Authors: Yajima-Himuro Sara , Oshima Masamitsu , Yamamoto Gou , Ogawa Miho , Furuya Madoka , Tanaka Junichi , Nishii Kousuke , Mishima Kenji , Tachikawa Tetsuhiko , Tsuji Takashi , Yamamoto Matsuo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe junctional epithelium (JE) is an epithelial component that is directly attached to the tooth surface and has a protective function against periodontal diseases. In this study, we determined the origin of the JE using a bioengineered tooth technique. We transplanted the bioengineered tooth germ into the alveolar bone with an epithelial component that expressed green fluorescence protein. The reduced enamel epithelium from the bioengineered tooth fused with the oral epithelium and the JE was apparently formed around the bioengineered tooth 50 days after transplantation. Importantly, the JE exhibited green fluorescence for at least 140 days after transplantation, suggesting that the JE was not replaced by oral epithelium. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the origin of the JE was the odontogenic epithelium and odontogenic epithelium-derived JE was maintained for a relatively long period.
Aβ dimers differ from monomers in structural propensity, aggregation paths and population of synaptotoxic assemblies
Authors: O’Malley Tiernan T. , Oktaviani Nur Alia , Zhang Dainan , Lomakin Aleksey , O’Nuallain Brian , Linse Sara , Benedek George B. , Rowan Michael J. , Mulder Frans A. A. , Walsh Dominic M. 
Published: May 2014

Dimers of Aβ (amyloid β-protein) are believed to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. In the absence of sufficient brain-derived dimers, we studied one of the only possible dimers that could be produced in vivo, [Aβ]DiY (dityrosine cross-linked Aβ). For comparison, we used the Aβ monomer and a design dimer cross-linked by replacement of Ser26 with cystine [AβS26C]2. We showed that similar to monomers, unaggregated dimers lack appreciable structure and fail to alter long-term potentiation. Importantly, dimers exhibit subtly different structural propensities from monomers and each other, and can self-associate to form larger assemblies. Although [Aβ]DiY and [AβS26C]2 have distinct aggregation pathways, they both populate bioactive soluble assemblies for longer durations than Aβ monomers. Our results indicate that the link between Aβ dimers and Alzheimer's disease results from the ability of dimers to further assemble and form synaptotoxic assemblies that persist for long periods of time.
Improving Clinical Practices for Children With Language and Learning Disorders
Authors: Kamhi Alan G. 
Published: April 2014

PurposeThis lead article of the Clinical Forum addresses some of the gaps that exist between clinical practice and current knowledge about instructional factors that influence learning and language development.MethodTopics reviewed and discussed include principles of learning, generalization, treatment intensity, processing interventions, components of language therapy, grammar goals, and goal prioritization for students with language and learning difficulties.ConclusionThe gaps that exist between current knowledge about learning, language development, and clinical practice often do not receive as much attention as the gaps in the evidence base that addresses the efficacy and effectiveness of language intervention practices and service delivery models. Fortunately, clinicians do not have to wait for future intervention studies to apply their knowledge of learning and language development to clinical practices.
Clinical Scientists Improving Clinical Practices: In Thoughts and Actions
Authors: Apel Kenn 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
In this article, the author comments on aspects of Kamhi's (2014) article, which caused the author to think more deeply about definitions of language, theories of learning, and how these two core components of intervention prepare clinical scientists as they search the literature for new knowledge. Interprofessional collaborative practice as a model for team-based intervention in school settings is also discussed.

Method
The article addresses aspects of Kamhi's article that aligned or did not align with the author's definition of language and theory of learning and explains why considering these alignments is important for clinical scientists. Two challenges to staying current with the research base are also described, and suggestions are offered for addressing these challenges. Finally, the article provides an overview of interprofessional collaborative practice.

Conclusion
Clinical scientists should continue to strive to use their knowledge of what language is and how it is learned, combined with the best available scientific information, to best serve their clients. Combining their thoughts and actions, they undoubtedly will continuously improve their clinical practices.