bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of New PCR Primers by Comparative Genomics for the Detection of Helicobacter suis in Gastric Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Matsui Hidenori , Takahashi Tetsufumi , Murayama Somay Y. , Uchiyama Ikuo , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Matsumoto Takehisa , Kawakubo Masatomo , Horiuchi Kazuki , Ota Hiroyoshi , Osaki Takako , Kamiya Shigeru , Smet Annemieke , Flahou Bram , Ducatelle Richard , Haesebrouck Freddy , Takahashi Shinichi , Nakamura Shinichi , Nakamura Masahiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the infection rate of Helicobacter suis is significantly lower than that of Helicobacter pylori, the H. suis infection is associated with a high rate of gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. In addition, in vitro cultivation of H. suis remains difficult, and some H. suis‐infected patients show negative results on the urea breath test (UBT).Materials and MethodsFemale C57BL/6J mice were orally inoculated with mouse gastric mucosal homogenates containing H. suis strains TKY or SNTW101 isolated from a cynomolgus monkey or a patient suffering from nodular gastritis, respectively. The high‐purity chromosomal DNA samples of H. suis strains TKY and SNTW101 were prepared from the infected mouse gastric mucosa. The SOLiD sequencing of two H. suis genomes enabled comparative genomics of 20 Helicobacter and 11 Campylobacter strains for the identification of the H. suis‐specific nucleotide sequences.ResultsOral inoculation with mouse gastric mucosal homogenates containing H. suis strains TKY and SNTW101 induced gastric MALT lymphoma and the formation of gastric lymphoid follicles, respectively, in C57BL/6J mice. Two conserved nucleotide sequences among six H. suis strains were identified and were used to design diagnostic PCR primers for the detection of H. suis.ConclusionsThere was a strong association between the H. suis infection and gastric diseases in the C57BL/6 mouse model. PCR diagnosis using an H. suis‐specific primer pair is a valuable method for detecting H. suis in gastric biopsy specimens.
Robbins Remembered and Dismembered, Contextualising the Anniversary
Authors: Ainley Patrick 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis polemical paper was motivated by its author's concern that the United Kingdom Coalition higher education minister, Willetts, should claim at recent quinquageniary commemorations of the publication of the 1963 Robbins Report to be preserving its legacy for higher education. By contrast, this paper argues that the period of reform aimed at changing society through education marked by Robbins has been closed by the Coalition government's acceptance of the 2010 Browne Review recommendations. The paper is therefore little concerned with the contents of the report but places it in a wider context ending in the current attempted reversal towards a minority higher education with academic schooling dominant throughout the system. In a still greater reversal, the expansion of state over private provision characteristic of the 50‐year period of reform of education, is also being reversed towards a state‐subsidised privatisation at all levels of learning. In conclusion some alternatives are suggested.
Robbins, the Binary Policy and Mass Higher Education
Authors: Scott Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Robbins report published half a century ago in 1963 has overshadowed all subsequent reports on the reform of higher education. A large part of its significance was that it made the case for expansion and therefore set higher education in the United Kingdom on the road to become a mass system. However the committee's recommendations for the future structure of the expanded system appeared to be quickly contradicted by the introduction of the binary policy and the creation of the polytechnics by Crosland, Secretary Of State for Education and Science in the incoming Labour government. Only in the 1990s, was the Robbins path resumed when the binary policy was abandoned. However, an alternative account is possible, which argues that the differences between Robbins and Crosland have been exaggerated. Both Robbins and Crosland believed that the future system should be dominated by large, comprehensive and multi‐faculty institutions. Only now are the fundamental ideas of Robbins being challenged: first, as the idea that there should be a ‘system’ of higher education is being eroded by the introduction of a ‘market’; and, second, as the parallel idea that any system should be essentially ‘public’ is being undermined by the drive towards privatisation.
Robbins and His Children: the Theory and Practice of Higher Education Inquiries, 1963–2013
Authors: Watson David 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe fifty‐year history of higher education inquiries following Robbins is analysed through the device of ‘twelve frameworks’ for the funding and organisation of the system, of which Robbins is the first and that of the coalition government (since 2010) the last. Attention is focused on the relative impact of ‘inquiry'‐led frameworks, especially Robbins (reporting in 1963), James (in 1972), Dearing (in 1997), and Browne (in 2010), as well as wholly ‘politically’ managed frameworks including Baker‐Clarke (between 1987 and 1992), ‘Blair’ (2003–2004) and ‘Willetts‐Clegg’ (2010–2013). Conclusions are drawn about the short and longer‐term impacts of the inquiries, about the potential counter‐factual (what might have happened anyway), with reference to similar exercises in other jurisdictions (the United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa), and about the relative lack of impact of institutional research, self‐study and self‐knowledge. The author also interpolates some autobiographical reflections.
Comparative evaluation of the shaping ability of WaveOne, Reciproc and OneShape single‐file systems in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth
Authors: Saber S. E. D. M. , Nagy M. M. , Schäfer E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo compare the shaping ability of WaveOne, Reciproc and OneShape single‐file systems in severely curved root canals in extracted human molar teeth.MethodologySixty mandibular molars with mesio‐buccal canals with curvatures ranging between 25° and 35° and radii of curvature ranging between 4 and 9 mm were divided into three groups of 20 teeth each: group W (WaveOne), group R (Reciproc) and group O (OneShape). Using standardized pre‐ and post‐instrumentation radiographs, straightening of canal curvatures was determined using the NIH Image J software. A double‐digital standardized radiographic technique was used to determine apical transportation at 0.5 mm from the working length (1.5 mm coronal to the major foramen). Preparation time and instrument failures were also recorded. Data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova) and post‐hoc Tukey‐test.ResultsDuring root canal preparation, no instruments fractured but all OneShape instruments were deformed after preparation of four canals. The use of OneShape resulted in significantly greater canal straightening and apical transportation than WaveOne and Reciproc (P < 0.05), with no significant differences between WaveOne and Reciproc (P > 0.05). Instrumentation with OneShape was significantly faster than with WaveOne and Reciproc (P < 0.05), whilst Reciproc was significantly faster than WaveOne (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAll instruments were safe to use. Reciproc and WaveOne instruments respected the original canal curvature better than OneShape files. The use of OneShape instruments required less time to prepare the curved canals compared with Reciproc and WaveOne.
Measurement of vancomycin hydrochloride concentration in the exudate from wounds receiving negative pressure wound therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Ida Yukiko , Matsumura Hajime , Onishi Masami , Ono Sayaka , Imai Ryutaro , Watanabe Katsueki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIt has been reported that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is effective in the treatment of contaminated wounds. We hypothesised that systemically administered antibiotics migrate to wound site effectively by NPWT, which provides the antibacterial effect. We measured and compared the concentrations of vancomycin in the exudate and blood serum. Eight patients with skin ulcers or skin defect wounds who were treated with NPWT and were administered an intravenous drip of vancomycin were enrolled in this study. The wound surfaces were muscle, muscle fascia or adipose tissue. We administered vancomycin intravenously to NPWT patients (1–3 g/day). The exudate was obtained using 500 ml V.A.C. ATS® canisters without gel. Three days later, the concentrations of vancomycin were measured. The mean concentration of vancomycin in the exudate from NPWT was 67% of the serum vancomycin concentration. We found that concentrations of vancomycin in NPWT exudates are higher than the previously reported concentrations in soft tissue without NPWT. The proactive use of NPWT might be considered in cases of suspected wound contamination when a systemic antibiotic is administered.
Ductuli efferentes of the male Golden Syrian hamster reproductive tract
Authors: Ford J. , Carnes K. , Hess R. A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryEfferent ductules are responsible for the transportation of spermatozoa from the testis to the epididymis and their epithelium is responsible for the reabsorption of over 90% of the luminal fluid. The purpose of this research was to characterize the gross morphology and histology of efferent ductules in the male Golden Syrian hamster. The efferent ductules emerge from rete testis with a unique polarity at the apex or cephalic pole of the testis. The number of efferent ductules varied from 3 to 10 with an average of 6.0 and blind ending ducts were observed in approximately 56% of the males. The ductules merged into a single common duct prior to entering the caput epididymidis. The proximal efferent ductule lumen was wider than the distal (conus and common ducts), consistent with reabsorption of most of the luminal fluid, as was morphology of the ductal epithelium. Non‐ciliated cells in the proximal region had prominent endocytic apparatuses, showing both coated pits and apical tubules in the apical cytoplasm. Large basolateral, intercellular spaces were also present in the epithelium of the proximal region. Distal non‐ciliated cells had an abundance of large endosomes and lysosomal granules. Localisation of sodium/hydrogen exchanger‐3 (NHE3;SLC9A3) and aquaporins 1 and 9 (AQP1,AQP9) along the microvillus border was also consistent with ion transport and fluid reabsorption by this epithelium. In comparison, the caput epididymidis epithelium expressed onlyAQP9 immunostaining. Another unusual feature of the hamster efferent ductules was the presence of glycogen aggregates in the basal cytoplasm of small groups of epithelial cells, but only in the proximal ducts near the rete testis. Androgen (AR), estrogen (ESR1 andESR2) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) were also abundant in epithelial nuclei of proximal and distal efferent ductules. In comparison, caput epididymidis showed very little immunostaining forESR1.
Mating systems and selection efficacy: a test using chloroplastic sequence data in Angiosperms
Authors: Glémin S. , Muyle A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSelfing is assumed to reduce selection efficacy, especially purifying selection. This can be tested using molecular data, for example by comparing the Dn/Ds ratio between selfing and outcrossing lineages. So far, little evidence of relaxed selection against weakly deleterious mutations (as inferred by a higher Dn/Ds ratio) in selfers as compared to outcrossers has been found, contrary to the pattern often observed between asexual and sexual lineages. However, few groups have been studied to date. To further test this hypothesis, we compiled and analysed chloroplastic sequence data sets in several plant groups. We found a general trend towards relaxed selection in selfers in our data sets but with weak statistical support. Simulations suggested that the results were compatible with weak‐to‐moderate Dn/Ds ratio differences in selfing lineages. Simple theoretical predictions also showed that the ability to detect relaxed selection in selfers could strongly depend on the distribution of the effects of deleterious mutations on fitness. Our results are compatible with a recent origin of selfing lineages whereby deleterious mutations potentially have a strong impact on population extinction or with a more ancient origin but without a marked effect of deleterious mutations on the extinction dynamics.
Mephedrone alters basal ganglia and limbic neurotensin systems
Authors: German Christopher L. , Hoonakker Amanda H. , Fleckenstein Annette E. , Hanson Glen R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMephedrone (4‐methylmethcathinone) is a synthetic cathinone designer drug that alters pre‐synaptic dopamine (DA) activity like many psychostimulants. However, little is known about the post‐synaptic dopaminergic impacts of mephedrone. The neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) provides inhibitory feedback for basal ganglia and limbic DA pathways, and post‐synaptic D1‐like and D2‐like receptor activity affects NT tissue levels. This study evaluated how mephedrone alters basal ganglia and limbic system NT content and the role of NT receptor activation in drug consumption behavior. Four 25 mg/kg injections of mephedrone increased NT content in basal ganglia (striatum, substantia nigra and globus pallidus) and the limbic regions (nucleus accumbens core), while a lower dosage (5 mg/kg/injection) only increased striatal NT content. Mephedrone‐induced increases in basal ganglia NT levels were mediated by D1‐like receptors in the striatum and the substantia nigra by both D1‐like and D2‐like receptors in the globus pallidus. Mephedrone increased substance P content, another neuropeptide, in the globus pallidus, but not in the dorsal striatum or substantia nigra. Finally, the NT receptor agonist PD149163 blocked mephedrone self‐administration, suggesting reduced NT release, as indicated by increased tissue levels, likely contributing to patterns of mephedrone consumption.
image
This study evaluated the effects of mephedrone upon the neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) – an inhibitory feedback of dopamine signaling – within the basal ganglia and limbic system of the central nervous system as well as the role of NT in mephedrone self‐administration. Mephedrone increased NT tissue content, which corresponds to reduced NT release and signaling, and NT receptor agonist treatment reduces mephedrone self‐administration, suggesting drug consumption behavior may be tied to the loss of NT signaling.
Dummy (pacifier) use and sudden infant death syndrome: Potential advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Horne Rosemary SC , Hauck Fern R , Moon Rachel Y , L'Hoir Monique P , Blair Peter S ,   Physiology and Epidemiology Working Groups of the International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal and Infant Death
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe large decline in deaths due to the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the last 20 years in many countries is largely due to risk‐reduction advice resulting from observational studies that examined the relationship between infant care practices and SIDS. Most of this advice remains largely uncontroversial and educators and researchers in this field are in agreement as to the specific recommendations that should be given to parents and health professionals. However, advice surrounding the apparent protective effect of dummies (also known as pacifiers) has been controversial. Several systematic reviews have demonstrated a strong association between the lack of a pacifier being used by the infant for the final sleep and SIDS, but it is not clear how pacifiers confer protection or if this is a marker for something as yet unmeasured. The Epidemiology and Physiology Working Groups of the International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal and Infant Death (ISPID) are comprised of leading SIDS researchers with an objective to provide evidence‐based position statements surrounding the factors associated with SIDS (http://www.ispid.org/) and risk‐reduction strategies. The evidence, discussion and conclusions from these working groups regarding dummies (pacifiers) are described below to help inform this debate and describe the future evidence required so that we might find a common recommendation about dummies (pacifiers) and SIDS.
Molecular mechanisms involved in the cytotoxicity induced by coumarins from Calophyllum brasiliense in K562 leukaemia cells
Authors: Gomez-Verjan Juan C , Estrella-Parra Edgar A , González-Sánchez Ignacio , Vázquez-Martínez Edgar Ricardo , Vergara-Castañeda Edgar , Cerbón Marco A , Reyes-Chilpa Ricardo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell death induced by mammea A/BA and A/BB (3 : 1) on K562 cells.

Methods
These compounds were isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense and its cytotoxicity was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell death was evaluated by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunocytofluorescence of active caspase-3. Genotoxicity was tested using comet assay. Lastly, a chemoinformatic analysis was performed with Osiris-Molinspiration software.

Key findings
The mixture of mammea A/BA and A/BB (3 : 1) showed cytotoxic activity against K562 cells (IC50 = 43.5 μm). TUNEL positive cells and active caspase-3 were detected after treatment. Genotoxicity of mammea A/BA and A/BB on K562 was detected since first hour of treatment. Additionally, mammea A/BA and A/BB were found to be in compliance with Lipinski ‘rule of 5’ suggesting that they possess strong potential of druglikeness.

Conclusions
The overall results confirm and extend the knowledge about coumarins as an important resource of antitumor drugs, and indicate that these compounds could be used in further preclinical studies against leukaemia.
Transitions between child and adult mental health services: service design, philosophy and meaning at uncertain times
Authors: Murcott W. J. 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary
Failings in the transfer of care for young people requiring ongoing care within adult mental health services can have severe negative consequences.
Adult and child services are often driven and designed in different ways. By looking at the way existing services are designed and the practices that drive them, this can then lead to the improvement of transitions of care.
Consideration of the young person's needs and the relationships they have developed should be central to this process, with mental health nurses playing critical roles within this.
AbstractA young person's transition of care from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services can be an uncertain and distressing event that can have serious ramifications for their recovery. Recognition of this across many countries and recent UK media interest in the dangers of mental health services failing young people has led practitioners to question the existing processes. This paper reviews the current theories and research into potential failings of services and encourages exploration for a deeper understanding of when and how care should be managed in the transition process for young people. Mental health nurses can play a vital role in this process and, by adopting the assumptions of this paradigm, look at transition from this unique perspective. By reviewing the current ideas related to age boundaries, service thresholds, service philosophy and service design, it is argued that the importance of the therapeutic relationship, the understanding of the cultural context of the young person and the placing of the young person in a position of autonomy and control should be central to any decision and process of transfer between two mental health services.
The effect of sleep on item recognition and source memory recollection among shift‐workers and permanent day‐workers
Authors: Mawdsley Matthew , Grasby Katrina , Talk Andrew 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe studied the effect of sleep versus wakefulness on item recognition and source memory recollection in a sample of shift‐workers and permanent day‐workers. Recognition of words that were previously viewed arrayed in quadrants of a page, and recollection of the original source location of the words on the page were assessed after a 12‐h retention interval that was filled with wakefulness incorporating the subjects' work‐shift, or an equal period that included sleep. Both shift‐workers and permanent day‐workers had poorer item recognition and source memory recollection when the retention interval was spent awake rather than including sleep. Shift‐workers expressed larger deficits in performance than day‐workers after wakefulness. This effect was not mediated by whether the shift‐workers were on a day‐ or night‐shift at the time of the study. These results indicate that sleep is an important contributor to successful item recognition and source recollection, and that mnemonic processing in shift‐workers may be especially sensitive across their work‐shift.
Social Psychology from Flat to Round: Intersubjectivity and Space in Peter Sloterdijk's Bubbles
Authors: Stepnisky Jeffrey 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper I describe the relevance of philosopher Peter Sloterdijk's (1998/2011) book Bubbles for social psychology. Bubbles offers the opportunity for the development of what I call a round social psychology. This is in contrast to the flatness characteristic of some of the more influential contemporary varieties of social psychology. Flat social psychology stays close to the ground, and is focused on the coordination of action. Round social psychology describes the atmosphere that surrounds and makes interaction possible in the first place. It requires a theory that links intersubjectivity with spatiality. To describe flat social psychology I analyze the assumptions of three contemporary versions of social psychology: social cognition theory, Goffman's dramaturgy, and Gergen's relational psychology. I then describe in greater detail Sloterdijk's bubble philosophy and the characteristics of round social psychology.