bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ce que nous cache le numérique
Authors: Huyghe François-Bernard 
Published: October 2013

Au mythe de la transparence et de l’accès universel à l’information, on oppose ici la face dissimulée de l’Internet, l’utilisation clandestine des données, le règne du code, les luttes cachées : le secret n’est pas un phénomène résiduel du numérique, il lui est consubstantiel.
Napping on the Night Shift: A Study of Sleep, Performance, and Learning in Physicians-in-Training
Authors: McDonald Jennifer , Potyk Darryl , Fischer David , Parmenter Brett , Lillis Teresa , Tompkins Lindsey , Bowen Angela , Grant Devon , Lamp Amanda , Belenky Gregory 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Physicians in training experience fatigue from sleep loss, high workload, and working at an adverse phase of the circadian rhythm, which collectively degrades task performance and the ability to learn and remember. To minimize fatigue and sustain performance, learning, and memory, humans generally need 7 to 8 hours of sleep in every 24-hour period.

Methods
In a naturalistic, within-subjects design, we studied 17 first- and second-year internal medicine residents working in a tertiary care medical center, rotating between day shift and night float every 4 weeks. We studied each resident for 2 weeks while he/she worked the day shift and for 2 weeks while he/she worked the night float, objectively measuring sleep by wrist actigraphy, vigilance by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task test, and visual-spatial and verbal learning and memory by the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised and the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test.

Results
Residents, whether working day shift or night float, slept approximately 7 hours in every 24-hour period. Residents, when working day shift, consolidated their sleep into 1 main sleep period at night. Residents working night float split their sleep, supplementing their truncated daytime sleep with nighttime on-duty naps. There was no difference in vigilance or learning and memory, whether residents worked day shift or night float.

Conclusions
Off-duty sleep supplemented with naps while on duty appears to be an effective strategy for sustaining vigilance, learning, and memory when working night float.
Potential Effects of the Affordable Care Act on the Award of Life Care Expenses
Authors: Congdon-Hohman Joshua , Matheson Victor 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Plaintiffs in personal injury lawsuits are entitled to compensation for future medical expenses. We argue that the “guaranteed issue” and “individual mandate” requirements of the recently passed Affordable Care Act (ACA) will allow victims to address a large portion of their health needs through the purchase of a simple health insurance plan rather than direct compensation for an itemized list of health care needs. As such, damage awards for many health expenditures should be capped at a maximum of $6,250 per year. Therefore, the role of a life care planner should evolve into determining which life care expenses are covered under the minimum insurance requirements mandated by the ACA and which entail additional expenditures beyond those covered by health insurance.
Alcohol Use, Risk Taking, Leisure Activities and Health Care Use Among Young People in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Thoa Le Thi Kim , Hoang Dang H. , Vung Nguyen Dang , Tien Pham H. , Plant M. A. 
Published: October 2013

Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of health and social consequences. It is also associated with a number of risk taking behaviours. These include illicit drug use and unsafe sex. Alcohol consumption appears to be increasing in Vietnam. The purpose of this paper is to examine the patterns of alcohol consumption and its relationship with a number of other risk taking behaviours amongst young people. Information was also obtained concerning leisure activities and use of health care. The paper also sets out to examine possible gender differences in relation to alcohol consumption and risk behaviour and to propose the development and implementation of alcohol monitoring and prevention programs in Vietnam. The study involved a cross-sectional, community survey using a standardised interview. This was conducted during face-to-face interviews with 1,408 young people aged 10-19 years. Respondents were recruited randomly through the lists of the households from 12 selected communes in three areas in Northern Vietnam. The findings presented here were part of a larger health risk behaviour survey. Levels of alcohol use were low. Overall, 16.5% of participants were experienced drinkers, and only 4% of them were current drinkers. Males were significantly more likely than females to report drinking. This study also showed that rates of alcohol consumption were associated with age, education, geographical area, gender, tobacco smoking, involvement in violence, watching television, computer use and playing computer games, wearing safety helmets and use of health services. Alcohol consumption tended to increase with age for both males and females. Alcohol and its effects on young people are clearly a growing public health issue in Vietnam. Because of this, more detailed behavioral research should be conducted into the relationship between alcohol consumption and other risky behaviours amongst young people. It is also recommended that alcohol harm reduction policies should be implemented and integrated into measures to reduce levels of other health problems such as HIV/AIDS and non communicable diseases. Such policies should ideally be evidence-based and evaluated.
The 17Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Gene Polymorphism and Endometriosis
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Sayed , Kamal Hany Hassan 
Published: October 2013

Purpose Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease that affects the female genital tract with unknown definite etiology, though there are multiple theories that try to explain its etiology. Genetic causes are suggested in the most widely accepted theories, and this study examined the association between the HSD17B1 gene polymorphism and endometriosis and its severity. Methods Twenty-five patients with clinical suspicion of endometriosis confirmed by laparoscopic examination were admitted to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department in the Minia University Hospital, and 25 women were enrolled as controls. All subjects underwent genetic analysis for the HSD17B1 gene polymorphism. Results There were significant associations between genotyping analysis of the cases and controls: G/G, A/G and A/A distributions among the cases were 8%, 60% and 32%, respectively, while in controls, they were 60%, 32% and 8%, respectively (p = 0.002, p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively). There were no associations between the HSD17B1 gene polymorphism and severity of endometriosis. Conclusion Genetic analysis of the HSD17B1 gene polymorphism showed it to have an important role in the etiology of endometriosis. Extensive further studies are recommended for further genes that may be associated with endometriosis.
Oncological Feasibility of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy for Adenocarcinoma: A Single‐Institution Comparative Study
Authors: Rehman S. , John S. K. P. , Lochan R. , Jaques B. C. , Manas D. M. , Charnley R. M. , French J. J. , White S. A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is performed increasingly for pancreatic pathology in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, only few reports have compared its oncological efficacy with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP). We compared these two techniques in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.MethodsFrom a prospectively maintained database, all patients who underwent either LDP or ODP for adenocarcinoma in the body and tail of the pancreas between January 2008 and December 2011 were compared. Data were analysed using SPSS® v19 utilising standard tests. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf 101 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy, 22 had histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma (LDP n = 8, ODP n = 14). Both groups were well matched for age and the size of tumour (22 vs. 32 mm, p = 0.22). Intraoperative blood loss was 306 ml compared with 650 ml for ODP (p = 0.152). A longer operative time was noted for LDP (376 vs. 274 min, p < 0.05). Total length of stay was shorter for LDP compared with ODP (8 vs. 12 days, p = 0.05). The number of postoperative pancreatic fistulas were similar (LDP n = 2 vs. ODP n = 3, p = 0.5). Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 88 % of LDP (n = 7) compared with 86 % of ODP (n = 12). The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 16 for LDP versus 14 for ODP. Overall 3‐year survival also was similar: LDP = 82 %, ODP = 74 % (p = 0.89).ConclusionsFrom an oncological perspective, LDP is a viable procedure and its results are comparable to ODP for ductal adenocarcinomas arising in the body and tail of the pancreas.
Oxidative stress and redox regulation of gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development
Authors: Tsunoda Satoshi , Kimura Naoko , Fujii Junichi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOxidative stress caused by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the predominant causes of both male and female infertility. Oxidative stress conditions cause either cell death or senescence by oxidation of cellular molecules including nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. It is particularly important to minimize oxidative stress when in vitro fertilization is performed for the purpose of assisted reproduction. The problems associated with assisted reproductive technology are becoming evident, and it is now the time to clarify its mechanisms and cope with them. On the other hand, the beneficial roles of ROS, such as intracellular signaling, have become evident. The antithetical functions of ROS make it more difficult to overcome the problems caused by oxidative stress. Despite the difficulty in understanding mammalian reproduction, the mechanisms and problems can be gradually unveiled by advanced technology such as genetic modification of animals.
Early Carboniferous paleogeography of the northern Verkhoyansk passive margin as derived from U–Pb dating of detrital zircons: role of erosion products of the Central Asian and Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya fold belts
Authors: Prokopiev A.V. , Ershova V.B. , Miller E.L. , Khudoley A.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The first U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Lower Carboniferous sandstones in the frontal part of the northern Verkhoyansk fold-and-thrust belt showed that detrital zircon age spectra for the Lower Visean (Krestyakh Formation) and the Upper Visean–Serpukhovian (Tiksi Formation) rocks are quite different. The Early Visean sandstones contain up to 95% detrital zircons of Precambrian age, while those of Late Visean–Serpukhovian age, only 55%. The shape of age distribution plots of Precambrian zircons for both samples is similar, indicating that reworking of terrigenous sediments of the Krestyakh Formation or the same sources dominated in Early Visean time (crystalline basement of the craton, eroded Meso- and Neoproterozoic sedimentary complexes, and igneous rocks of Central Taimyr) contributed significantly to the accumulation of the Late Visean–Serpukhovian deposits. In the rocks of the Tiksi Formation, 45% of detrital zircons are of Paleozoic age, while 24% are Early Paleozoic, with prevailing Cambrian and Ordovician ages. Possible provenance areas with abundant igneous rocks of this age could be the Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya and Central Asian fold belts extending along the northern, western or southwestern margins of the Siberia. The presence of Middle–Late Devonian zircons is thought to be related to the erosion of granitoids of the Yenisei Ridge and the Altai–Sayan region. Early Carboniferous detrital zircons probably had a provenance in igneous rocks of the Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya fold belt, on the assumption that collision between the Kara block and the northern margin of the Siberian continent had already occurred by that time. In Early Visean time, sedimentation occurred in small deltaic fans, likely along steep fault scarps that formed as a result of Middle Paleozoic (Devonian–Carboniferous) rifting. The clastic material came from small rivers that eroded the nearby area. Late Visean–Serpukhovian time was marked by a sharp increase in the amount of clastic material and by the appearance of detrital zircons coming from new provenance regions, such as fold belts extending along the northern and southwestern margins of the Siberian continent. A large river system, which was able to transport clastic material over large distances to deposit it in submarine fans on the northern Verkhoyansk passive continental margin, had already existed by that time.
Geologic position, age, and petrogenesis of plagiogranites in northern Rudny Altai
Authors: Kuibida M.L. , Kruk N.N. , Murzin O.V. , Shokal’skii S.P. , Gusev N.I. , Kirnozova T.I. , Travin A.V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The geologic position, age, petrologic composition, and petrogenesis of mesoabyssal plagiogranites in northern Rudny Altai, dated earlier at the Early–Middle Devonian, are considered. The Middle Carboniferous (322–318 Ma) age of granitoids has been substantiated by isotope-geochronological data (U–Pb zircon dating and Ar–Ar amphibole and biotite dating). Geologic-structural studies showed that the intrusion of granitoids took place at the time when compression was changed by sinistral faulting. This led to the conclusion that the granitoids formed at the peak of the collision between the Siberian and the Kazakhstan paleocontinents. Geochemical and isotope studies showed that most of the analyzed plagiogranites belong to high-alumina (continental) type and resulted from the deep melting (~ 15 kbar) of metabasic substrates compositionally similar to N-MORB (judging from results of geochemical modeling and the Nd isotope composition). The presence of plagiogranites of low-alumina (oceanic) type in the postgranite dike series testifies to the melting of the Rudny Altai heterogeneous crust at different depths during its collisional thickening.
Gyrotactic bioconvection at pycnoclines
Authors: Karimi A. , Ardekani A. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBioconvection is an important phenomenon in aquatic environments, affecting the spatial distribution of motile micro-organisms and enhancing mixing within the fluid. However, stratification arising from thermal or solutal gradients can play a pivotal role in suppressing the bioconvective flows, leading to the aggregation of micro-organisms and growth of their patchiness. We investigate the combined effects by considering gyrotactic motility where the up-swimming cells are directed by the balance of the viscous and gravitational torques. To study this system, we employ a continuum model consisting of Navier–Stokes equations with the Boussinesq approximation coupled with two conservation equations for the concentration of cells and stratification agent. We present a linear stability analysis to determine the onset of bioconvection for different flow parameters. Also, using large-scale numerical simulations, we explore different regimes of the flow by varying the corresponding boundary conditions and dimensionless variables such as Rayleigh number and Lewis number ($\mathit{Le}$) and we show that the cell distribution can be characterized using the ratio of the buoyancy forces as the determinant parameter when$\mathit{Le}\lt 1$and the boundaries are insulated. But, in thermally stratified fluids corresponding to$\mathit{Le}\gt 1$, temperature gradients are demonstrated to have little impact on the bioconvective plumes provided that the walls are thermally insulated. In addition, we analyse the dynamical behaviour of the system in the case of persistent pycnoclines corresponding to constant salinity boundary conditions and we discuss the associated inhibition threshold of bioconvection in the light of the stability of linearized solutions.
Predicting ethnic minority children's vocabulary from socioeconomic status, maternal language and home reading input: different pathways for host and ethnic language
Authors: PREVOO MARIËLLE J. L. , MALDA MAIKE , MESMAN JUDI , EMMEN ROSANNEKE A. G. , YENIAD NIHAL , VAN IJZENDOORN MARINUS H. , LINTING MARIËLLE 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTWhen bilingual children enter formal reading education, host language proficiency becomes increasingly important. This study investigated the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), maternal language use, reading input, and vocabulary in a sample of 111 six-year-old children of first- and second-generation Turkish immigrant parents in the Netherlands. Mothers reported on their language use with the child, frequency of reading by both parents, and availability of children's books in the ethnic and the host language. Children's Dutch and Turkish vocabulary were tested during a home visit. SES was related to maternal language use and to host language reading input. Reading input mediated the relation between SES and host language vocabulary and between maternal language use and host language vocabulary, whereas only maternal language use was related to ethnic language vocabulary. During transition to formal reading education, one should be aware that children from low-SES families receive less host language reading input.
Metabolic Profiling Framework for Discovery of Candidate Diagnostic Markers of Malaria
Authors: Tritten Lucienne , Keiser Jennifer , Godejohann Markus , Utzinger Jürg , Vargas Mireille , Beckonert Olaf , Holmes Elaine , Saric Jasmina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDespite immense efforts to combat malaria in tropical and sub-tropical regions, the potency of this vector-borne disease and its status as a major driver of morbidity and mortality remain undisputed. We develop an analytical pipeline for characterizing Plasmodium infection in a mouse model and identify candidate urinary biomarkers that may present alternatives to immune-based diagnostic tools. We employ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling followed by multivariate modeling to discover diagnostic spectral regions. Identification of chemical structures is then made on the basis of statistical spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR and entrapment of candidates by iterative liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). We identify two urinary metabolites (i) 4-amino-1-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one, (ii) 2-amino-4-({[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-4-hydroxy-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]methyl}sulfanyl)butanoic acid that were detected only in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. These metabolites have not been described in the mammalian or parasite metabolism to date. This analytical pipeline could be employed in prospecting for infection biomarkers in human populations.
Superconducting-nanowire single-photon-detector linear array
Authors: Zhao Qingyuan , McCaughan Adam , Bellei Francesco , Najafi Faraz , De Fazio Domenico , Dane Andrew , Ivry Yachin , Berggren Karl K. 
Published: October 2013

We designed, fabricated, and tested a one-dimensional array of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors, integrated with on-chip inductors and resistors. The architecture is suitable for monolithic integration on a single chip operated in a cryogenic environment, and inherits the characteristics of individual superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors. We demonstrated a working array with four pixels showing position discrimination and a timing jitter of 124 ps. The electronic crosstalk between the pixels in the array was negligible.
A Hox gene controls lateral line cell migration by regulating chemokine receptor expression downstream of Wnt signaling
Authors: Breau Marie A. , Wilkinson David G. , Xu Qiling 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceThe migration of cells during embryo development or in cancer often occurs collectively as a group. Underlying mechanisms have been studied in the zebrafish lateral line, in which Wnt signaling regulates the spatially restricted expression of two chemokine receptors required for directional migration of the cell cluster along the track of Sdf1a ligand. We show that a Hox transcription factor, hoxb8a, is essential for correct migration and acts downstream of Wnt signals to regulate the spatial expression of both chemokine receptors. These findings uncover a Wnt-Hox–chemokine receptor pathway that may act widely in the control of directional cell migration.
Kinematic mental simulations in abduction and deduction
Authors: Khemlani Sangeet Suresh , Mackiewicz Robert , Bucciarelli Monica , Johnson-Laird Philip N. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
We developed a theory of how mental simulations underlie the abductions of informal algorithms and deductions from these algorithms. Experiments tested the theory’s predictions using a task for the investigation of how naive individuals think about algorithms. Participants solved problems, abduced and described in their own words algorithms that solved such problems, and deduced the consequences of algorithms. Difficulty in formulating an algorithm and deducing its consequences depended on the algorithm’s Kolmogorov complexity. Results corroborated the use of kinematic mental models in creating and testing informal algorithms and showed that individuals differ reliably in the ability to carry out these tasks.
Perceived congruence between auditory and visual elements in multimedia
Authors: Iwamiya Shin-ichiro 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Multimedia productions often combine motion pictures and sound. A vital element in making visual media presentations more impressive is ‘perceived congruence’ between sound and moving pictures. This chapter introduces a series of empirical studies on perceived congruence between sound and moving pictures and discusses how to make congruent audiovisual combinations. Perceived congruence between sound and moving pictures is created by the matching of auditory and visual temporal structures, and by the similarity between auditory and visual affective impressions. Further, the similarity of imagery between changing (or dynamic) patterns of auditory and visual signals creates perceived congruence. These findings enhance our understanding of how people process audiovisual materials in television programs, films, and electronic multimedia such as video games. The practical implications of these findings are relevant for producers, sound designers, and film-music composers in assisting them to create more effective and impressive audiovisual works.
Playing with sound: The role of music and sound effects in gaming
Authors: Grimshaw Mark , Tan Siu-Lan , Lipscomb Scott D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The role of sound in gaming has evolved since the early 1970s, heavily influenced by developing technologies associated with audio, video, and data storage. This chapter traces these developments and relates them to important milestones in game sound design. Theoretical concepts are introduced and exemplified, particularly those that identify and explain aspects of the relationship between player and game sound; the chapter then examines empirical evidence elucidating that relationship. The body of evidence is sparse but growing and includes studies investigating the role of game sound on cognitive load and performance, as well as studies investigating the effects of game sound on the player’s physiological responses. The chapter concludes with some thoughts about the future development of game sound technology and the directions that will allow future empirical studies to test and validate the effects of that technology on the gaming experience.