bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importancia de la estadística descriptiva en la investigación
Authors: Delvasto Jaimes María Elena 
Published: November 2015

En todo el mundo las empresas cuentan en sus inventarios con recursos de toda índole: talento humano, materias primas, energía y know how, entre otros. A partir de la invención del computador, los datos han adquirido una relevancia inusitada como patrimonio cuyo valor depende directamente del tratamiento que se les dé.
Requisitos técnicos para el aseguramiento de la calidad en la adquisición de elementos y trabajos realizados a las aeronaves de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Bedoya Giraldo Diego Hernán , Blanco Barragán Dagoberto , Orjuela Arévalo Jairo Orlando 
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un compendio de normas y requisitos tecnicamente respaldados, que permitan sentar doctrina para mejorar la selección de los proveedores que suministran servicios en la adquisición o reparación de elementos aeronáuticos que sean aplicados por la Jefatura de Operaciones Logísticas, durante los procesos precontractuales.
Extreme climate events and individual heterogeneity shape life‐history traits and population dynamics
Authors: Jenouvrier Stéphanie , Péron Clara , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: November 2015

Extreme climatic conditions and their ecological impacts are currently emerging as critical features of climate change. We studied extreme sea ice condition (ESIC) and found it impacts both life‐history traits and population dynamics of an Antarctic seabird well beyond ordinary variability.The Southern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides) is an ice‐dependent seabird, and individuals forage near the ice edge. During an extreme unfavorable year (when sea ice area is reduced and distance between ice edge and colony is high), observed foraging trips were greater in distance and duration. As a result, adults brought less food to their chicks, which fledged in the poorest body condition. During such unfavorable years, breeding success was extremely low and population growth rate (λ) was greatly reduced. The opposite pattern occurred during extreme favorable years.Previous breeding status had a strong influence on life‐history traits and population dynamics, and their responses to extreme conditions. Successful breeders had a higher chance of breeding and raising their chick successfully during the following breeding season as compared to other breeding stages, regardless of environmental conditions. Consequently, they coped better with unfavorable ESIC. The effect of change in successful breeder vital rates on λ was greater than for other stages' vital rates, except for pre‐breeder recruitment probabilities, which most affected λ.For environments characterized by ordinary sea ice conditions, interindividual differences were more likely to persist over the life of individuals and randomness in individual pathways was low, suggesting individual heterogeneity in vital rates arising from innate or acquired phenotypic traits. Additionally, unfavorable ESIC tended to exacerbate individual differences in intrinsic quality, expressed through differences in reproductive status.We discuss the strong effects of ESIC on Southern Fulmar life‐history traits in an evolutionary context. ESICs strongly affect fitness components and act as potentially important agents of natural selection of life histories related to intrinsic quality and intermittent breeding. In addition, recruitment is a highly plastic trait that, if heritable, could have a critical role in evolution of life histories. Finally, we find that changes in the frequency of extreme events may strongly impact persistence of Southern Fulmar populations.
Towards an integration of scale and complexity in marine ecology
Authors: Witman Jon D. , Lamb Robert W. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. 
Published: November 2015

Manipulative field experiments provide a window into the complexity of nature. Yet there is concern that we lack resolution by conducting experiments on a scale that is too small and short to include the relevant complexity of the study system. We addressed this issue by asking how and why the scale (local and global spatial extent, spatial grain, duration) and complexity (number of species, factors, treatment combinations) of experiments performed on marine hard substrata (rocky intertidal, RI; coral reef, CR; rocky subtidal, RS; mangrove root, MR) has changed by assessing 311 total experiments published since 1961 in Ecology and Ecological Monographs and since 1967 in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. We show that the local spatial extent and all metrics of complexity increased as a positive, log‐linear function of time. In contrast, the size of experimental units (spatial grain) decreased with time. Quantile regression analysis revealed that these trends are largely driven by changes in the upper bounds of experimental scale and complexity; most studies are still relatively simple in design and conducted over small areas. A structural equation model (SEM) incorporated the direct and indirect effects of six metrics indicating that the complexity of field experiments has increased both as a direct effect of time and because experiments have become smaller in spatial grain. The SEM also showed longer experiments tended to be more complex. We show striking habitat differences, as subtidal experiments (CR, RS) involved more species and were carried out on the largest global spatial scales. RI experiments were the longest.Future prospects to incorporate more of the complexity of nature into field experiments include site replication, as only 34.7% of all experiments were conducted at more than one site, open experimental designs monitored by technology, and integrating experimental manipulations with long‐term monitoring to achieve mechanistic insight across scales relevant to human alteration of the biosphere. The increasing resolution of remote sensing also creates opportunities to track experiment‐driven changes in community structure across large scales. We suggest applying these methods to a wider class of problems to enhance our understanding of marine communities and ecosystems.
Substance Use and Cumulative Exposure to American Society: Findings From Both Sides of the US–Mexico Border Region
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Orozco Ricardo , Zemore Sarah E. , Wallisch Lynn , Medina-Mora Maria-Elena , Breslau Joshua 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We investigated whether Mexican immigration to the United States exerts transnational effects on substance use in Mexico and the United States. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2336 Mexican Americans and 2460 Mexicans in 3 Texas border metropolitan areas and their sister cities in Mexico (the US–Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2011–2013). We collected prevalence and risk factors for alcohol and drug use; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, alcohol-use disorders; and 2 symptoms (hazardous use and quit or control) of drug use disorder across a continuum of migration experiences in the Mexican and Mexican American populations. Results. Compared with Mexicans with no migrant experience, the adjusted odds ratios for this continuum of migration experiences ranged from 1.10 to 8.85 for 12-month drug use, 1.09 to 5.07 for 12-month alcohol use disorder, and 1.13 to 9.95 for 12-month drug-use disorder. Odds ratios increased with longer exposure to US society. These findings are consistent with those of 3 previous studies. Conclusions. People of Mexican origin have increased prevalence of substance use and disorders with cumulative exposure to US society.
Legal Barriers to Adolescent Participation in Research About HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Moore Quianta L. , Paul Mary E. , McGuire Amy L. , Majumder Mary A. 
Published: November 2015

Whether adolescents can participate in clinical trials of pharmacologic therapies for HIV prevention, such as preexposure prophylaxis, without parental permission hinges on state minor consent laws.Very few of these laws explicitly authorize adolescents to consent to preventive services for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Unclear state laws may lead to research cessation.We have summarized legal, ethical, and policy considerations related to adolescents’ participation in HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention research in the United States, and we have explored strategies for facilitating adolescents’ access.
Correlates of Sexual HIV Risk Among African American Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Kelly Jeffrey A. , St Lawrence Janet S. , Tarima Sergey S. , DiFranceisco Wayne J. , Amirkhanian Yuri A. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives. We examined correlates of condomless anal intercourse with nonmain sexual partners among African American men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We recruited social networks composed of 445 Black MSM from 2012 to 2014 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Cleveland, Ohio; and Miami Beach, Florida. Participants reported past-3-month sexual behavior, substance use, and background, psychosocial, and HIV-related characteristics. Results. Condomless anal intercourse outside main concordant partnerships, reported by 34.4% of MSM, was less likely in the case of no alcohol and marijuana use in the past 30 days, and higher risk-reduction behavioral intentions. High frequency of condomless anal intercourse acts with nonmain partners was associated with high gay community participation, weak risk-reduction intentions, safer sex not being perceived as a peer norm, low condom-use self-efficacy, and longer time since most recent HIV testing. Conclusions. Condomless anal intercourse with nonmain partners among Black MSM was primarily associated with gay community participation, alcohol and marijuana use, and risk-reduction behavioral intentions.
The Effect of the Draft DSM-5 Criteria for GAD on Prevalence and Severity
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Hobbs Megan J. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Options for revising the DSM-IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) diagnostic criteria have been made by the DSM-5 Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, Post-traumatic and Dissociative Disorders Work Group. It has been proposed that renaming the disorder Generalized Worry Disorder, clarifying criterion A to emphasize the primacy of worry, reducing the duration required, altering the list of associated symptoms to reflect the concomitants of worry that are specific to GAD, and adding behavioural criteria could clarify the concept of chronic worry for clinicians and enhance the reliability of the diagnosis. The influence of the proposed changes on the prevalence and severity of cases is examined. Method: Data from a national survey and from a clinical data set were used to quantify the effect of the proposed changes. Results: Reducing the duration from 6 to 3 months and removing the clinical significance criterion raised the prevalence of GAD, whereas revising the associated symptoms and adding behavioural symptoms reduced the prevalence. With all the new options implemented, although the prevalence of the diagnosis rose by 9%, it was associated with similar levels of distress and impairment as DSM-IV cases. Conclusions: There is preliminary evidence that the proposals may increase the prevalence of GAD but may not influence the severity of cases. The clinical utility, reliability and validity of the diagnosis remains to be established.
Smoking Status, Mental Disorders and Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Young People: Child and Adolescent Component of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Lawrence David , Mitrou Francis , Sawyer Michael G. , Zubrick Stephen R. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: To examine the relationship between smoking behaviour, mental disorders and emotional and behavioural problems in a nationally representative sample of young people. Method: Data were taken from the child and adolescent component of the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing which assessed mental health problems in two main ways: using a fully structured interview (the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children) and using the Child Behaviour Checklist and the Youth Self Report, which assess emotional and behavioural problems on a dimensional scale. The relationship between smoking and mental health problems was assessed using logistic regression. Results: Among young people with conduct disorder 72% had smoked in the last 30 days, 46% of young people with depressive disorder, and 38% among young people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This compared with 21% of young people with none of these disorders. Odds ratios (OR) for current smoking were consistently elevated for young people with mental health problems after adjusting for demographic and socio-economic factors across all measures of mental health used. The OR for current smoking in young people with parent-reported externalizing behaviours in the clinical range was 4.5 (95%CI: 3.1–6.8), and for young people with parent-reported internalizing problems in the clinical range the OR was 2.7 (95%CI: 1.8–4.0). Young people with mental health problems started smoking on average at a younger age, were more likely to progress to current smoking, and smoked on average a higher number of cigarettes per day. Conclusions: After adjusting for demographic and socio-economic factors, young people with mental health problems were more likely to start smoking, progress to daily smoking, and smoke more heavily. Mental illness is an important issue to consider in tobacco control in young people.
Accuracy of Official Suicide Mortality Data in Queensland
Authors: Williams Ruth F.G. , Doessel Darrel P. , Sveticic Jerneja , de Leo Diego 
Published: November 2015

Objective: The purpose is to answer the following research question: are the time-series data published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics for Queensland statistically the same as those of the Queensland Suicide Register? Method: This question was answered by first modelling statistically, for males and females, the time series suicide data from these two sources for the period of data availability, 1994 to 2007 (14 observations). Fitted values were then derived from the ‘best fit’ equations, after rigorous diagnostic testing. The outliers in these data sets were addressed with pulse dummy variables. Finally, by applying the Wald test to determine whether or not the fitted values are the same, we determined whether, for males and females, these two data sets are the same or different. Results: The study showed that the Queensland suicide rate, based on Queensland Suicide Register data, was greater than that based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data. Further statistical testing showed that the differences between the two data sets are statistically significant for 24 of the 28 pair-wise comparisons. Conclusions: The quality of Australia's official suicide data is affected by various practices in data collection. This study provides a unique test of the accuracy of published suicide data by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The Queensland Suicide Register's definition of suicide applies a more suicidological, or medical/health, conception of suicide, and applies different practices of coding suicide cases, timing of data collection processes, etc. The study shows that ‘difference’ between the two data sets predominates, and is statistically significant; thus the extent of the under-reporting of suicide is not trivial. Given that official suicide data are used for many purposes, including policy evaluation of suicide prevention programmes, it is suggested that the system used in Queensland should be adopted by the rest of Australia too.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Measure to Assess Distress in Partners of Australian Combat Veterans
Authors: MacDonell Gail V. , Marsh Nigel V. , Hine Donald W. , Bhullar Navjot 
Published: November 2015

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a multidimensional measure of distress experienced by partners of Australian combat veterans. Method: The Partners of Veterans Distress Scale (POV-DS) was developed using factor analysis on a sample of 665 female members of Partners of Veterans Association of Australia. Content validity for the scale was established by using focus groups and expert feedback during item development phase. In addition, two self-report inventories were administered to assess physical/mental health, and satisfaction with life. Results: Following principal-axis factoring, 45 items were retained, loading on seven distinct but correlated factors: Sleep problems, Hyper-vigilance, Social isolation, Financial problems, Intimacy problems, Exhaustion, and Negative affect. The factor structure was cross-validated using confirmatory factor analysis on a hold-out sample. The distress subscales all exhibited excellent internal consistency (αs ranged from 0.84 to 0.95). Validation analyses revealed subscales derived from the seven-factor model explained 31% to 45% of the variance in partners’ physical health, mental health, and satisfaction with life. Conclusions: The study found that the POV-DS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing distress in partners of Australian combat veterans.
Shared Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: Broadening the Concept of Shared Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Mergui Joseph , Jaworowski Sol , Greenberg David , Lerner Vladimir 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Folie a deux (shared psychotic disorder) is often described in the context of schizophrenia. In this article we present this syndrome in a non psychotic context. Method: We report a case of induced obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a married couple. Six months after the deterioration in the patient's OCD, his wife developed the same symptoms with no preceding history of an Axis I disorder. Neither spouse demonstrated psychotic symptomatology. The husband was successfully treated on an outpatient basis with Citalopram and Clonazepam. His wife's OCD spontaneously resolved without medication in parallel with the resolution of her husband's OCD. Results: We highlight the uncommon phenomenon of shared psychiatric disorder occurring in the context of OCD. In the current psychiatric diagnostic nomenclature, (DSM IV and ICD10), there is no category for a non-psychotic shared psychiatric disorder. We raise the question of broadening the concept of shared disorder so as to include shared OCD and perhaps other shared psychiatric syndromes. Conclusions: More controlled studies are required in order to better understand the psychopathology and mechanisms of psychotic and non-psychotic shared disorders in psychiatry. We believe there are important treatment implications of such an understanding.
HIV drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rwanda
Authors: Ndahimana Jean d'Amour , Riedel David J , Muhayimpundu Ribakare , Nsanzimana Sabin , Niyibizi Gad , Mutaganzwa Emmanuel , Mulindabigwi Augustin , Baribwira Cyprien , Kiromera Athanase , Jagodzinski Linda L , Peel Sheila A , Redfield Robert R 
Published: November 2015

Background Studies of patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings (RLS) are few. Evidence suggests most patients who appear to be virologically failing do so not due to drug resistance but to poor adherence, which, if properly addressed, could allow continued use of less expensive first- and second-line regimens. Drug resistant mutations (DRMs) were characterized among patients virologically failing second-line ART in Rwanda. Methods A total of 128 adult patients receiving second-line ART for at least 6 months were invited to participate; 74 agreed and had HIV-1 viral load (VL) measured. Resistance genotypes were conducted in patients with virological failure (VF; that is, VL ≥1,000 copies/ml). Results In total, 35 patients met the criteria for VF. The median time on lopinavir/ritonavir-based second-line ART was 2.7 years. Of 30 successful resistance genotype analyses, 13 (43%) had ≥1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation, 18 (60%) had at least 1 non-NRTI mutation and 5 (17%) had at least 1 major protease inhibitor mutation. Eleven (37%) had virus without significant mutations that would be fully sensitive to first-line ART; 12 (40%) had DRM to first-line ART but sensitive to second-line ART. Only 7 patients (23%) demonstrated a DRM profile requiring third-line ART. Conclusions Among 30 genotyped samples of patients with VF on second-line ART, more than one-third had no significant DRMs, implicating poor adherence as the primary cause of VF. The majority of patients (77%) would not have required third-line ART. These findings reinforce the need for intensive adherence assessment and counselling for patients who appear to be failing second-line ART in RLS.
Combination Therapies with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir on NS3-D168 Mutated HCV in Human Hepatocyte Chimeric Mice
Authors: Kan Hiromi , Hiraga Nobuhiko , Imamura Michio , Hayes C Nelson , Uchida Takuro , Miyaki Eisuke , Tsuge Masataka , Abe Hiromi , Aikata Hiroshi , Miki Daiki , Ochi Hidenori , Ishida Yuji , Tateno Chise , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: November 2015

Background Although the frequency of emergent drug-resistant strains of HCV in patients who failed to respond to simeprevir plus pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) decreased after cessation of the treatment, it is not clear whether or not the NS3-D168 variants affect the outcome of NS5A and NS3 inhibitor combination therapy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the effect of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir treatment and the frequencies of NS3-D168 variants. Methods HCV genotype-1b-infected human hepatocyte chimeric mice with various frequencies of NS3-D168 amino acid substitutions were treated with asunaprevir alone or in combination with daclatasvir for 4 weeks. Frequencies of NS3-D168 substitutions at baseline were analysed by ultra-deep sequencing. Some mice with NS3-D168 substitutions were treated with PEG-IFN or telaprevir for 4 weeks. Results Mice with high frequencies of NS3-D168 showed low susceptibility to asunaprevir treatment and failed to respond to daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy. In contrast, mice with a low frequency (less than approximately 14%) of NS3-D168 showed a similar susceptibility to wild-type HCV-infected mice and achieved viral eradication with daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy. Although treatment with either telaprevir or PEG-IFN resulted in reduction of serum HCV RNA levels, no significant decrease in the frequency of NS3-D168 substitutions was achieved. Conclusions Daclatasvir and asunaprevir treatment could eliminate NS3-D168 variant HCV if the frequency was low. It is necessary to confirm that the frequency of NS3-D168 variants has decreased sufficiently before adopting daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy in patients with simeprevir plus PEG-IFN/RBV treatment failure.