bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐year trend of increasing obesity in young patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes at first diagnosis in urban Japan
Authors: Kushiyama Akifumi , Yoshida Yoko , Kikuchi Takako , Suzawa Naoki , Yamamoto Mayumi , Tanaka Kentaro , Okayasu Mineko , Tahara Tazu , Takao Toshiko , Onishi Yukiko , Kawazu Shoji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate trends over the past 20 years for the prevalence of obesity and glycemic control in association with a patient's first hospital visit for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis was a historical, cross‐sectional, time‐series, single‐center study carried out at Marunouchi Hospital. Data from type 2 diabetic patients who were never treated until their first hospital visit were analyzed for the following periods: 1986–1987 (group A, n = 453), 1996–1997 (group B, n = 547) and 2006–2008 (group C, n = 443). Data on each patient's body mass index (BMI), age, untreated duration and glycated hemoglobin levels were also collected.ResultsObesity in younger patients (below age 40 years and ages 40–49 years in group C) with poor glycemic control increased over time. Patients with a BMI of <21.0 kg/m2 or ≥23.0 kg/m2 showed worse glycemic control than those with a BMI of 21.0–23.0 kg/m2 in group C. Younger patients had worse glycemic control and shorter untreated durations in group C. A BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2 was an independent risk factor for glycated hemoglobin levels ≥8.4% in group C, even after correction for sex, age, untreated duration and symptoms.ConclusionsIn recent years, glycemic control has worsened in young, obese patients in urban Japan. Obesity is rapidly increasing in younger patients, and patients with a BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2 might be candidates for diabetes screening. This trial was registered with the University Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (no. UMIN000005725).
The costs of being dark: the genetic basis of melanism and its association with fitness‐related traits in the sand cricket
Authors: Roff D. A. , Fairbairn D. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMelanism is an important component of insect cuticle and serves numerous functions that enhance fitness. Despite its importance, there is little information on its genetic basis or its phenotypic and genetic correlation with fitness‐related traits. Here, we examine the heritability of melanism in the wing dimorphic sand cricket and determine its phenotypic and genetic correlation with wing morphology, gonad mass and size of the dorso‐longitudinal muscles (the principle flight muscles). Previously demonstrated trade‐offs among these traits are significant factors in the evolution of life history variation. Using path analysis, we show that melanization is causally related to gonad mass, but not flight muscle mass. Averaged over the sexes, the heritability of melanism was 0.61, the genetic correlation with gonad mass was −0.36 and with wing morph was 0.51. The path model correctly predicted the ranking of melanization score in lines selected for increased ovary mass, increased flight muscle mass, an index that increased both traits and an unselected control. Our results support the general hypothesis that melanization is costly for insects and negatively impacts investment in early reproduction.
Reproductive and post‐reproductive life history of wild‐caughtDrosophila melanogasterunder laboratory conditions
Authors: Klepsatel P. , Gáliková M. , De Maio N. , Ricci S. , Schlötterer C. , Flatt T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe life history of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is well understood, but fitness components are rarely measured by following single individuals over their lifetime, thereby limiting insights into lifetime reproductive success, reproductive senescence and post‐reproductive lifespan. Moreover, most studies have examined long‐established laboratory strains rather than freshly caught individuals and may thus be confounded by adaptation to laboratory culture, inbreeding or mutation accumulation. Here, we have followed the life histories of individual females from three recently caught, non‐laboratory‐adapted wild populations ofD. melanogaster. Populations varied in a number of life‐history traits, including ovariole number, fecundity, hatchability and lifespan. To describe individual patterns of age‐specific fecundity, we developed a new model that allowed us to distinguish four phases during a female's life: a phase of reproductive maturation, followed by a period of linear and then exponential decline in fecundity and, finally, a post‐ovipository period. Individual females exhibited clear‐cut fecundity peaks, which contrasts with previous analyses, and post‐peak levels of fecundity declined independently of how long females lived. Notably, females had a pronounced post‐reproductive lifespan, which on average made up 40% of total lifespan. Post‐reproductive lifespan did not differ among populations and was not correlated with reproductive fitness components, supporting the hypothesis that this period is a highly variable, random ‘add‐on’ at the end of reproductive life rather than a correlate of selection on reproductive fitness. Most life‐history traits were positively correlated, a pattern that might be due to genotype by environment interactions when wild flies are brought into a novel laboratory environment but that is unlikely explained by inbreeding or positive mutational covariance caused by mutation accumulation.
How should parents adjust the size of their young in response to local environmental cues?
Authors: Kuijper B. , Johnstone R. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractModels of parental investment typically assume that populations are well mixed and homogeneous and have devoted little attention to the impact of spatial variation in the local environment. Here, in a patch‐structured model with limited dispersal, we assess to what extent resource‐rich and resource‐poor mothers should alter the size of their young in response to the local environment in their patch. We show that limited dispersal leads to a correlation between maternal and offspring environments, which favours plastic adjustment of offspring size in response to local survival risk. Strikingly, however, resource‐poor mothers are predicted to respond more strongly to local survival risk, whereas resource‐rich mothers are predicted to respond less strongly. This lack of sensitivity on the part of resource‐rich mothers is favoured because they accrue much of their fitness through dispersing young. By contrast, resource‐poor mothers accrue a larger fraction of their fitness through philopatric young and should therefore respond more strongly to local risk. Mothers with more resources gain a larger share of their fitness through dispersing young partly because their fitness in the local patch is constrained by the limited number of local breeding spots. In addition, when resource variation occurs at the patch level, the philopatric offspring of resource‐rich mothers face stronger competition from the offspring of other local mothers, who also enjoy abundant resources. The effect of limited local breeding opportunities becomes less pronounced as patch size increases, but the impact of patch‐level variation in resources holds up even with many breeders per patch.
Recent graduate nurse views of nursing, work and leadership
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Horsfall Jan , Jackson Debra , Muthulakshmi Paulpandi , Hunt Glenn E 
Published: May 2013

Aims and objectivesTo assess recent nurse graduates of a large university and seeks their views of university preparation, requisite nursing skills and qualities, workplace transition, supports received, nurse leadership and role models, and career development and retention.BackgroundConcern about attracting and retaining registered nurses is a continuing workforce issue in parts of Asia and throughout the world.DesignQualitative interviews with recent nursing graduates.MethodsSeventeen face‐to‐face interviews took place using a structured schedule of 23 questions. Data were coded and analysed by hand to determine clusters of interest and develop themes.ResultsFour broad topics emerged: (1) skills and qualities graduates consider central to nursing; (2) the support they received during the transition from graduate to novice practitioner and that which continues; (3) elements they value in nursing role models and leaders; and (4) the ward characteristics that will encourage them to remain in nursing and develop a career. Interviewees expressed concerns about retention‐related issues, making suggestions for improvements. Unique findings focus on the blaming culture that many respondents consider they are working in, and the system whereby they are not free to access postgraduate studies until a specific time frame has elapsed, and when they do pursue further studies, they are bonded to the auspicing hospital/health service.ConclusionsResponses unique to this research are the explicit concerns about a blaming culture, and complaints about rigid rules (bonding system) that virtually prevent an individual from accessing postgraduate studies independent of the hospital system. Interviewees strongly resent the bonding system that indentures them to that place of work.Relevance to clinical practiceQuality health care is dependent on a well‐educated, sustainable and skilled nursing workforce. Recognition of the concerns of newly graduated nurses in relation to nursing skill acquisition, workplace support issues and career concerns can assist in ensuring these issues are adequately addressed and in turn contribute to a stronger, more stable and competent nursing workforce.
Cumulative survival rate and complication rates of single‐tooth implant; focused on the coronal fracture of fixture in the internal connection implant
Authors: Cha H.‐S. , Kim Y.‐S. , Jeon J.‐H. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis retrospective study evaluated the 5‐year cumulative survival rate and complication rates of a 4·0‐mm internal connection implant (MicroThread™ Osseospeed™, Astra Tech) installed for single‐tooth restoration. The patients who were treated at Asan Medical Center between 2006 and 2007 were included in this study. A life table analysis was used to calculate the 5‐year cumulative survival rate. Comparisons of cumulative survival rates among implant position (anterior, premolar and molar), jawbone (maxilla, mandible), gender and prosthesis type (screw‐retained, cement‐retained) were performed using the log‐rank test. Post‐loading complications were analysed using Fisher's exact test. Twelve of 136 implants (anterior; 22, premolar; 25, molar; 89) were lost during the loading period, and 11 were removed due to coronal fracture of fixture. The 5‐year cumulative survival rate of the whole arch was 91·9%, and that of the molar region was 87·6%. Statistically significant differences were observed in cumulative survival rates among implant position (P = 0·037), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed among gender, jawbone, prosthesis type. Forty‐seven of 114 (41·2%) implants in the posterior region showed post‐loading complications, including coronal fracture of fixture and abutment screw loosening.
SPREAD AND BACKWASH EFFECTS FOR NONMETROPOLITAN COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S.
Authors: Ganning Joanna P. , Baylis Kathy , Lee Bumsoo 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFew studies empirically estimate the effects of metropolitan growth on nonmetropolitan communities at a national scale. This paper estimates the growth effects of 276 MSAs on population in 1,988 nonmetropolitan communities in the United States from 2000 to 2007. We estimate the distance for growth spillovers from MSAs to nonmetropolitan communities and test the assumption that a single MSA influences growth. We compare three methods of weighting cities’ influence: nearest city only, inverse‐distance, and relative commuting flow to multiple cities. We find the inverse‐distance approach provides slightly more reliable and theoretically supportable results than the traditional nearest city approach.
Effects of dietary β‐(1,3)(1,6)‐D‐glucan supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato‐immunological profile of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Kühlwein H. , Merrifield D. L. , Rawling M. D. , Foey A. D. , Davies S. J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn recent years, aquaculture research has focused on probiotics, prebiotics, and β‐glucans, in order to improve health status and growth performance. Information regarding the effects of β‐glucan on growth performance and intestinal immunity of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is scarce. An experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of a yeast β‐glucan preparation (MacroGard®) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato‐immunological indices of mirror carp. Carp (initial weight 11.1 ± 0.0 g) were fed highly purified diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.1%, 1% or 2% MacroGard® for 8 weeks. Fish fed diets containing 1% and 2% MacroGard® showed significant improvements in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to fish fed both the control and the 0.1% MacroGard® containing diet. Histological appraisal of the intestine showed a significantly higher infiltration of leucocytes into the epithelial layer of fish fed diets supplemented with 1% and 2% MacroGard® in the anterior intestine compared to fish fed the control and 0.1% MacroGard® diet. This effect was not observed in the posterior intestine. There were no significant differences in the intestinal absorptive surface area and number of goblet cells in either intestinal region. At the end of the experiment, the haematological status of the fish was examined. Compared to control fed fish, the haematocrit value was significantly elevated in fish fed the 2% MacroGard® diet. Furthermore, the blood monocyte fraction was significantly higher in fish fed the 1% and 2% MacroGard® diets. No significant changes were observed in the other blood parameters assessed. The present study shows that high dietary β‐glucan inclusion increases growth performance without detrimental effects on the health indicators assessed. Increased intraepithelial leucocytes in the anterior intestine may indicate a localized immune response; no detrimental effects on intestinal morphology were observed.
Impact of a First Treatment with Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Men and Partners’ Quality of Sexual Life: Results of a Prospective Study in Primary Care
Authors: Costa Pierre , Grandmottet Gilles , Mai Hien Duc , Droupy Stéphane 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) as oral treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) facilitate the management of ED in primary care. Still, compliance is low and general practitioners (GPs) do not always feel confident with this pathology.

Aim
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a first treatment with PDE5i on the patient and his partner and the management of ED by GPs.

Methods
The Evaluation après traitement de la dyfonction erectile, du bien-êtré émotionnel d'un patient en fonction de la rigidité de son érection survey was a longitudinal, observational French study with prospective collection of data from the GP, the patient, and his partner at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. GPs benefited from a short educational session before starting the survey.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures are the Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire, Index of Sexual Life (ISL), and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction.

Results
A total of 478 men aged 19–80 years (mean 57 years) were included in the survey by 229 GPs. Before treatment, EHS was mostly grade 1 (28%) or 2 (44%). At the end of the survey, an improvement was reported for 88% of the patients and 58% achieved maximum score EHS 4 (penis completely hard and fully rigid). Mean SEAR scores significantly increased after 3 months for self-esteem, overall and sexual relationship, and more notably with greater improvement in EHS (P &lt; 0.001). Improvement in partners’ ISL scores was significantly higher with greater improvement in EHS (P &lt; 0.001) and in SEAR score for self-esteem. The safety profile of PDE5i was good with few adverse events, mostly headaches. More than 80% of the participating GPs considered that the survey had changed their management of ED.

Conclusion
After 3 months of treatment with PDE5i, a significant improvement in self-esteem was observed in patients with ED, associated with improvement in erection.
Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the REVIVE (REal Women's VIews of Treatment Options for Menopausal Vaginal ChangEs) Survey
Authors: Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Wysocki Susan , Magnus Leslie , Krychman Michael L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) is a chronic medical condition experienced by many postmenopausal women. Symptoms include dyspareunia (pain with intercourse), vaginal dryness, and irritation and may affect sexual activities, relationships, and activities of daily life.

Aim
The aim of this study is to characterize postmenopausal women's experience with and perception of VVA symptoms, interactions with healthcare professionals (HCPs), and available treatment options.

Methods
An online survey was conducted in the United States in women from KnowledgePanel®, a 56,000-member probability-selected Internet panel projectable to the overall US population. Altogether, 3,046 postmenopausal women with VVA symptoms (the largest US cohort of recent surveys) responded to questions about their knowledge of VVA, impact of symptoms on their activities, communication with HCPs, and use of available treatments.

Main Outcome Measures
Percent is calculated as the ratio of response over total responding for each question for all and stratified participants.

Results
The most common VVA symptoms were dryness (55% of participants), dyspareunia (44%), and irritation (37%). VVA symptoms affected enjoyment of sex in 59% of participants. Additionally, interference with sleep, general enjoyment of life, and temperament were reported by 24%, 23%, and 23% of participants, respectively. Few women attributed symptoms to menopause (24%) or hormonal changes (12%). Of all participants, 56% had ever discussed VVA symptoms with an HCP and 40% currently used VVA-specific topical treatments (vaginal over-the-counter [OTC] products [29%] and vaginal prescription therapies [11%]). Of those who had discussed symptoms with an HCP, 62% used OTC products. Insufficient symptom relief and inconvenience were cited as major limitations of OTC products and concerns about side effects and cancer risk limited use of topical vaginal prescription therapies.

Conclusions
VVA symptoms are common in postmenopausal women. Significant barriers to treatment include lack of knowledge about VVA, reluctance to discuss symptoms with HCPs, safety concerns, inconvenience, and inadequate symptom relief from available treatments.
Psychological Characteristics of BDSM Practitioners
Authors: Wismeijer Andreas A.J. , van Assen Marcel A.L.M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It has been generally thought that the practice of bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, sadism-masochism (BDSM) is in some form associated with psychopathology. However, several more recent studies suggest a relative good psychological health of BDSM practitioners.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare scores of BDSM practitioners and a control group on various fundamental psychological characteristics.

Methods
For this aim, 902 BDSM and 434 control participants completely filled out online questionnaires. Associations were examined using χ2 tests of independence with φ and Cramer's V as effect size measures and eta or Pearson's correlation. Group differences were tested using analysis of covariance, with partial η2 as effect size measure. A priori contrasts were tested using α = 0.01 to correct for multiple testing; for all other tests we used α = 0.05, two tailed.

Main Outcome Measures
The study used Big Five personality dimensions (NEO Five-Factor Inventory), attachment styles (Attachment Styles Questionnaire), rejection sensitivity (Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire), and subjective well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-being Index).

Results
The results mostly suggest favorable psychological characteristics of BDSM practitioners compared with the control group; BDSM practitioners were less neurotic, more extraverted, more open to new experiences, more conscientious, less rejection sensitive, had higher subjective well-being, yet were less agreeable. Comparing the four groups, if differences were observed, BDSM scores were generally more favorably for those with a dominant than a submissive role, with least favorable scores for controls.

Conclusion
We conclude that BDSM may be thought of as a recreational leisure, rather than the expression of psychopathological processes.
Sexual Function in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from Project REACH
Authors: Bober Sharon L. , Zhou Eric S. , Chen Bing , Manley Peter E. , Kenney Lisa B. , Recklitis Christopher J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Of the approximately 12,000 children and adolescents that will be diagnosed with cancer in 2013, it is expected that over 80% of them will become long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer. Although it has been well established that cancer treatment often has profound negative impact on sexual functioning, sexual functioning in adult survivors of childhood cancer is not well understood.

Aim
The aim of the current study was to examine the report of sexual function in adult survivors of childhood cancer in relationship to both physical and emotional functioning.

Methods
Two hundred ninety-one participants enrolled in Project REACH, a longitudinal study of childhood cancer survivors, completed questionnaires as part of an annual health survey.

Main Outcome Measure
Primary outcome measures included the sexual functioning subscale of the Swedish Health-Related Quality of Life Survey, the SF-12, and the BSI-18.

Results
Results indicate that 29% of young adult survivors reported two or more discrete symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Females were twice as likely to report sexual problems. Sexual problems were not related to specific types of childhood cancer treatments such as type of chemotherapy or radiation. Young adults with sexual dysfunction did report poorer functioning across the range of SF-12 subscales including physical functioning, general health, fatigue, and mental health.

Conclusions
Significant sexual dysfunction is common in adult survivors of childhood cancer. A greater understanding of the particular relationship between sexual dysfunction and both physical and emotional well-being in this relatively young population is needed. Even when long-term cancer survivors are young adults and report generally good health, results underscore the need for clinicians to specifically assess sexual functioning.