bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eg5 UFMylation promotes spindle organization during mitosis
Authors: Li Guangxu , Huang Yuanjiang , Han Wenbo , Wei Liyi , Huang Hongjing , Zhu Yingbao , Xiao Qiao , Wang Zujia , Huang Wen , Duan Ranhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUFMylation is a highly conserved ubiquitin-like post-translational modification that catalyzes the covalent linkage of UFM1 to its target proteins. This modification plays a critical role in the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis, DNA damage response, autophagy, and transcriptional regulation. Mutations in UFM1, as well as in its specific E1 enzyme UBA5 and E2 enzyme UFC1, have been genetically linked to microcephaly. Our previous research unveiled the important role of UFMylation in regulating mitosis. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear due to the limited identification of substrates. In this study, we identified Eg5, a motor protein crucial for mitotic spindle assembly and maintenance, as a novel substrate for UFMylation and identified Lys564 as the crucial UFMylation site. UFMylation did not alter its transcriptional level, phosphorylation level, or protein stability, but affected the mono-ubiquitination of Eg5. During mitosis, Eg5 and UFM1 co-localize at the centrosome and spindle apparatus, and defective UFMylation leads to diminished spindle localization of Eg5. Notably, the UFMylation-defective Eg5 mutant (K564R) exhibited shorter spindles, metaphase arrest, spindle checkpoint activation, and a failure of cell division in HeLa cells. Overall, Eg5 UFMylation is essential for proper spindle organization, mitotic progression, and cell proliferation.
Downregulation of 4-HNE and FOXO4 collaboratively promotes NSCLC cell migration and tumor growth
Authors: Zhong Tianfei , Li Ying , Jin Meng , Liu Jingqun , Wu Zhenyu , Zhu Feiye , Zhao Lisha , Fan Yongsheng , Xu Li , Ji Jinjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the most prevalent cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from NSCLC play a pivotal role in lung cancer progression. Our findings reveal a direct correlation between the abundance of EVs and the transfection efficiencies. Co-culturing two different lung cancer cell lines could enhance EVs formation, cell proliferation, migration and tumorigenicity. mRNA chip and metabolic analyses revealed significant alterations in the FOXO signaling pathway and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism within tumor tissues derived from co-cultured cells. Shotgun lipidomics studies and bioinformatics analyses guided our attention towards 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and FOXO4. Elevating 4-HNE or FOXO4 levels could reduce the formation of EVs and impede cell growth and migration. While silencing FOXO4 expression lead to an increase in cell cloning rate and enhanced migration. These findings suggest that regulating the production of 4-HNE and FOXO4 might provide an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of NSCLC.
Chemotherapy-induced acetylation of ACLY by NAT10 promotes its nuclear accumulation and acetyl-CoA production to drive chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuying , Su Kunqi , Wang Chang , Deng Tao , Liu Xiaofeng , Sun Shiqi , Jiang Yang , Zhang Chunfeng , Xing Baocai , Du Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemotherapeutic efficacy is seriously impeded by chemoresistance in more than half of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced upregulation of chemoresistant genes are not fully understood. Here, this study unravels a novel mechanism controlling nuclear acetyl-CoA production to activate the transcription of chemoresistant genes in HCC. NAT10 is upregulated in HCC tissues and its upregulation is correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. NAT10 is also upregulated in chemoresistant HCC cells. Targeting NAT10 increases the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in HCC cells and mouse xenografts. Upon chemotherapy, NAT10 translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleus to activate the transcription of CYP2C9 and PIK3R1. Additionally, nuclear acetyl-CoA is specifically upregulated by NAT10. Mechanistically, NAT10 binds with ACLY in the nucleus and acetylates ACLY at K468 to counteract the SQSTM1-mediated degradation upon chemotherapy. ACLY K468-Ac specifically accumulates in the nucleus and increases nuclear acetyl-CoA production to activate the transcription of CYP2C9 and PIK3R1 through enhancing H3K27ac. Importantly, K468 is required for nuclear localization of ACLY. Significantly, ACLY K468-Ac is upregulated in HCC tissues, and ablation of ACLY K468-Ac sensitizes HCC cells and mouse xenografts to chemotherapy. Collectively, these findings identify NAT10 as a novel chemoresistant driver and the blockage of NAT10-mediated ACLY K468-Ac possesses the potential to attenuate HCC chemoresistance.
Asgard archaea modulate potential methanogenesis substrates in wetland soil
Authors: Valentin-Alvarado Luis E. , Appler Kathryn E. , De Anda Valerie , Schoelmerich Marie C. , West-Roberts Jacob , Kivenson Veronika , Crits-Christoph Alexander , Ly Lynn , Sachdeva Rohan , Greening Chris , Savage David F. , Baker Brett J. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe roles of Asgard archaea in eukaryogenesis and marine biogeochemical cycles are well studied, yet their contributions in soil ecosystems remain unknown. Of particular interest are Asgard archaeal contributions to methane cycling in wetland soils. To investigate this, we reconstructed two complete genomes for soil-associated Atabeyarchaeia, a new Asgard lineage, and a complete genome of Freyarchaeia, and predicted their metabolism in situ. Metatranscriptomics reveals expression of genes for [NiFe]-hydrogenases, pyruvate oxidation and carbon fixation via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Also expressed are genes encoding enzymes for amino acid metabolism, anaerobic aldehyde oxidation, hydrogen peroxide detoxification and carbohydrate breakdown to acetate and formate. Overall, soil-associated Asgard archaea are predicted to include non-methanogenic acetogens, highlighting their potential role in carbon cycling in terrestrial environments.
Heteroatom doping enables hydrogen spillover via H+/e− diffusion pathways on a non-reducible metal oxide
Authors: Shun Kazuki , Mori Kohsuke , Kidawara Takumi , Ichikawa Satoshi , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen spillover, the simultaneous diffusion of protons (H+) and electrons (e−) is considered to be applicable to ubiquitous technologies related to hydrogen but limited to over reducible metal oxides. The present work demonstrates that a non-reducible MgO with heteroatom Al dopants (Al–MgO) allows hydrogen spillover in the same way as reducible metal oxides. Furthermore, a H+ storage capacity of this material owing to hydrogen spillover is more than three times greater than those of various standard metal oxides based on H+ transport channels within its bulk region. Atomic hydrogen diffuses over the non-reducible Al–MgO produces active H+-e− pairs, as also occurs on reducible metal oxides, to enhance the catalytic performance of Ni during CO2 hydrogenation. The H+ and e− diffusion pathways generated by the heteroatom Al doping are disentangled based on systematic characterizations and calculations. This work provides a new strategy for designing functional materials intended to hydrogen spillover for diverse applications in a future hydrogen-based society.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors improve muscle stem cell function and muscle regeneration in male mice
Authors: Fefeu Mylène , Blatzer Michael , Kneppers Anita , Briand David , Rocheteau Pierre , Haroche Alexandre , Hardy David , Juchet-Martin Mélanie , Danckaert Anne , Coudoré François , Tutakhail Abdulkarim , Huchet Corinne , Lafoux Aude , Mounier Rémi , Mir Olivier , Gaillard Raphaël , Chrétien Fabrice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSerotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants such as fluoxetine are widely used to treat mood disorders. The mechanisms of action include an increase in extracellular level of serotonin, neurogenesis, and growth of vessels in the brain. We investigated whether fluoxetine could have broader peripheral regenerative properties. Following prolonged administration of fluoxetine in male mice, we showed that fluoxetine increases the number of muscle stem cells and muscle angiogenesis, associated with positive changes in skeletal muscle function. Fluoxetine also improved skeletal muscle regeneration after single and multiples injuries with an increased muscle stem cells pool and vessel density associated with reduced fibrotic lesions and inflammation. Mice devoid of peripheral serotonin treated with fluoxetine did not exhibit beneficial effects during muscle regeneration. Specifically, pharmacological, and genetic inactivation of the 5-HT1B subtype serotonin receptor also abolished the enhanced regenerative process induced by fluoxetine. We highlight here a regenerative property of serotonin on skeletal muscle.
Towards large-scale single-shot millimeter-wave imaging for low-cost security inspection
Authors: Bian Liheng , Li Daoyu , Wang Shuoguang , Teng Chunyang , Wu Jinxuan , Liu Huteng , Xu Hanwen , Chang Xuyang , Zhao Guoqiang , Li Shiyong , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMillimeter-Wave (MMW) imaging is a promising technique for contactless security inspection. However, the high cost of requisite large-scale antenna arrays hinders its widespread application in high-throughput scenarios. Here, we report a large-scale single-shot MMW imaging framework, achieving low-cost high-fidelity security inspection. We first analyzed the statistical ranking of each array element through 1934 full-sampled MMW echoes. The highest-ranked elements are preferentially selected based on the ranking, building the experimentally optimal sparse sampling strategy that reduces antenna array cost by one order of magnitude. Additionally, we derived an untrained interpretable learning scheme, realizing robust and accurate MMW image reconstruction from sparsely sampled echoes. Last, we developed a neural network for automatic object detection, and experimentally demonstrated successful detection of concealed centimeter-sized targets using 10% sparse array, whereas all the other contemporary approaches failed at such a low sampling ratio. With the strong detection ability and order-of-magnitude cost reduction, we anticipate that this technique provides a practical way for large-scale single-shot MMW imaging.
Cilia-enriched oxysterol 7β,27-DHC is required for polycystin ion channel activation
Authors: Ha Kodaji , Mundt-Machado Nadine , Bisignano Paola , Pinedo Aide , Raleigh David R. , Loeb Gabriel , Reiter Jeremy F. , Cao Erhu , Delling Markus 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolycystin-1 (PC-1) and PC-2 form a heteromeric ion channel complex that is abundantly expressed in primary cilia of renal epithelial cells. This complex functions as a non-selective cation channel, and mutations within the polycystin complex cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The spatial and temporal regulation of the polycystin complex within the ciliary membrane remains poorly understood. Using both whole-cell and ciliary patch-clamp recordings, we identify a cilia-enriched oxysterol, 7β,27-dihydroxycholesterol (DHC), that serves as a necessary activator of the polycystin complex. We further identify an oxysterol-binding pocket within PC-2 and showed that mutations within this binding pocket disrupt 7β,27-DHC–dependent polycystin activation. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of oxysterol synthesis reduces channel activity in primary cilia. In summary, our findings reveal a regulator of the polycystin complex. This oxysterol-binding pocket in PC-2 may provide a specific target for potential ADPKD therapeutics.
Single-cell profiling identifies a CD8bright CD244bright Natural Killer cell subset that reflects disease activity in HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy
Authors: Nath Pulak R. , Maclean Mary , Nagarajan Vijay , Lee Jung Wha , Yakin Mehmet , Kumar Aman , Nadali Hadi , Schmidt Brian , Kaya Koray D. , Kodati Shilpa , Young Alice , Caspi Rachel R. , Kuiper Jonas J. W. , Sen H. Nida 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBirdshot chorioretinopathy is an inflammatory eye condition strongly associated with MHC-I allele HLA-A29. The striking association with MHC-I suggests involvement of T cells, whereas natural killer (NK) cell involvement remains largely unstudied. Here we show that HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy patients have a skewed NK cell pool containing expanded CD16 positive NK cells which produce more proinflammatory cytokines. These NK cells contain populations that express CD8A which is involved in MHC-I recognition on target cells, display gene signatures indicative of high cytotoxic activity (GZMB, PRF1 and ISG15), and signaling through NK cell receptor CD244 (SH2D1B). Long-term monitoring of a cohort of birdshot chorioretinopathy patients with active disease identifies a population of CD8bright CD244bright NK cells, which rapidly declines to normal levels upon clinical remission following successful treatment. Collectively, these studies implicate CD8bright CD244bright NK cells in birdshot chorioretinopathy.
Substantial terrestrial carbon emissions from global expansion of impervious surface area
Authors: Qiu Linghua , He Junhao , Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal impervious surface area (ISA) has more than doubled over the last three decades, but the associated carbon emissions resulting from the depletion of pre-existing land carbon stores remain unknown. Here, we report that the carbon losses from biomass and top soil (0–30 cm) due to global ISA expansion reached 46–75 Tg C per year over 1993–2018, accounting for 3.7–6.0% of the concurrent human land-use change emissions. For the Annex I countries of UNFCCC, our estimated emissions are comparable to the carbon emissions arising from settlement expansion as reported by the national greenhouse gas inventories, providing independent validation of this kind. The contrast between growing emissions in non-Annex I countries and declining ones in Annex I countries over the study period can be explained by an observed emerging pattern of emissions evolution dependent on the economic development stage. Our study has implications for international carbon accounting and climate mitigation as it reveals previously ignored but substantial contributions of ISA expansion to anthropogenic carbon emissions through land-use effects.
Rotational and translational motions in a homogeneously cooling granular gas
Authors: Trittel Torsten , Puzyrev Dmitry , Harth Kirsten , Stannarius Ralf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA granular gas composed of monodisperse spherical particles was studied in microgravity experiments in a drop tower. Translations and rotations of the particles were extracted from optical video data. Equipartition is violated, the rotational degrees of freedom were excited only to roughly 2/3 of the translational ones. After stopping the mechanical excitation, we observed granular cooling of the ensemble for a period of three times the Haff time, where the kinetic energy dropped to about 5% of its initial value. The cooling rates of all observable degrees of freedom were comparable, and the ratio of rotational and translational kinetic energies fluctuated around a constant value. The distributions of translational and rotational velocity components showed slight but systematic deviations from Gaussians at the start of cooling.
Biopurification using non-growing microorganisms to improve plant protein ingredients
Authors: Nugroho Avis Dwi Wahyu , van Schalkwijk Saskia , Cebeci Sabri , Jacobs Simon , Wesselink Wilma , Staring Guido , Goerdayal Soenita , Prodan Andrei , Stijnman Ann , Teuling Emma , Broersen Kerensa , Bachmann Herwig 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSecuring a sustainable global food supply for a growing population requires a shift toward a more plant-based diet. The application of plant-based proteins is therefore increasing, but unpleasant off-flavors complicate their use. Here, we screened 97 microorganisms for their potential to remove off-flavors in a process with limiting amounts of fermentable sugar. This allowed the production of a more neutral-tasting, purified food ingredient while limiting microbial growth and the production of typical fermentation end products. We demonstrate that various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts remove “green” aldehydes and ketones. This conversion can be carried out in less than one hour in almond, pea, potato, and oat proteins. Heterofermentative LAB was best at aldehyde and ketone neutralization with minimum de novo formation of microbial volatiles such as ethylacetate (sweet, fruity) or alpha-diketones (butter- and cheese-like). While sensory properties were improved, changes in protein solubility, emulsification, foaming, and in vitro digestibility were limited.
Polymersomes with splenic avidity target red pulp myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wauters Annelies C. , Scheerstra Jari F. , van Leent Mandy M. T. , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Priem Bram , Beldman Thijs J. , Rother Nils , Duivenvoorden Raphaël , Prévot Geoffrey , Munitz Jazz , Toner Yohana C. , Deckers Jeroen , van Elsas Yuri , Mora-Raimundo Patricia , Chen Gal , Nauta Sheqouia A. , Verschuur Anna Vera D. , Griffioen Arjan W. , Schrijver David P. , Anbergen Tom , Li Yudong , Wu Hanglong , Mason Alexander F. , van Stevendaal Marleen H. M. E. , Kluza Ewelina , Post Richard A. J. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Netea Mihai G. , Calcagno Claudia , Fayad Zahi A. , van der Meel Roy , Schroeder Avi , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , Mulder Willem J. M. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRegulating innate immunity is an emerging approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. Such regulation requires engaging myeloid cells by delivering immunomodulatory compounds to hematopoietic organs, including the spleen. Here we present a polymersome-based nanocarrier with splenic avidity and propensity for red pulp myeloid cell uptake. We characterized the in vivo behaviour of four chemically identical yet topologically different polymersomes by in vivo positron emission tomography imaging and innovative flow and mass cytometry techniques. Upon intravenous administration, relatively large and spherical polymersomes accumulated rapidly in the spleen and efficiently targeted myeloid cells in the splenic red pulp. When loaded with β-glucan, intravenously administered polymersomes significantly reduced tumour growth in a mouse melanoma model. We initiated our nanotherapeutic’s clinical translation with a biodistribution study in non-human primates, which revealed that the platform’s splenic avidity is preserved across species.
Chirality conferral enables the observation of hyper-Raman optical activity
Authors: Jones Robin R. , Kerr John F. , Kwon Hyunah , Clowes Samuel R. , Ji Ruidong , Petronijevic Emilija , Zhang Liwu , Dan Pantoș G. , Smith Brian , Batten Tim , Fischer Peer , Wolverson Daniel , Andrews David L. , Valev Ventsislav K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChirality conferral is fundamental for understanding the origin of life, and it is of direct importance for synthesizing new pharmaceuticals in the face of growing antibiotic resistance. Human-made, self-assembling nanostructures replicate the biological chirality conferral processes utilizing covalent and non-covalent bonds. However, chirality conferral from one form of matter to another via electromagnetic fields is more subtle and less explored. Here we report chirality conferral between gold nanohelices and achiral molecules (crystal violet). This conferral enables the experimental observation of a physical effect predicted in 1979—hyper-Raman optical activity. To benefit from Fermi’s golden rule, the chirality conferral system was designed as doubly resonant, with the nanohelices and molecules resonating at the fundamental frequency and at the second-harmonic, respectively. We provide a theoretical framework for our results that expands the original mathematical formalism to include surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and the chirality conferral process. Our results demonstrate that field-driven chirality conferral mechanisms are opening up entire fields of research, as exemplified by the discovery of a physical phenomenon.
Nonlinear processing with linear optics
Authors: Yildirim Mustafa , Dinc Niyazi Ulas , Oguz Ilker , Psaltis Demetri , Moser Christophe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed, the optical implementation of neural networks aims to harness the advantages of optical bandwidth and the energy efficiency of optical interconnections. In the absence of low-power optical nonlinearities, the challenge in the implementation of multilayer optical networks lies in realizing multiple optical layers without resorting to electronic components. Here we present a novel framework that uses multiple scattering, and which is capable of synthesizing programmable linear and nonlinear transformations concurrently at low optical power by leveraging the nonlinear relationship between the scattering potential, represented by data, and the scattered field. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that repeating the data by multiple scattering enables nonlinear optical computing with low-power continuous-wave light. Moreover, we empirically find that scaling of this optical framework follows a power law.
Randomized placebo controlled trial of phytoterpenes in DMSO for the treatment of plantar fasciitis
Authors: Burke Briant E. , Baillie Jon E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults with an overall prevalence of 0.85% in the adult population of the US, affecting over 2 million adults annually. Most current treatment modalities are not supported by sufficient evidence to recommend one particular strategy over another. Topical application of analgesics for soft tissue pain is well established, however the plantar fascia presents challenges in this regard due to thick skin, fibrotic tissue, and an often thickened fat pad. Sixty-two patients with plantar fasciitis were randomized to a placebo controlled trial testing the efficacy of a topical solution of plant terpenes containing camphor, menthol, eugenol, eucalyptol, and vanillin. Skin permeation of the mixture was enhanced with 15% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 1% limonene, and rosemary oil. One ml of solution was applied topically twice daily, and pain scores evaluated on Day 0, Day 1, Day 3, and Day 10. Using the validated foot function index 78.1% of patients reported an 85% or greater decrease in their total pain score by day 10 while placebo treatment was without effect (One Way ANOVA, P < 0.01). This study adapts the treatment modality of topical analgesia for soft tissue pain to a problematic area of the body and shows therapeutic promise.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05467631