bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation or surgical aortic valve replacement with Perimount in Western Denmark 2016–2022: a nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Krasniqi Lytfi , Brandes Axel , Mortensen Poul Erik , Gerke Oke , Riber Lars 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The healthcare registries in Denmark present a unique opportunity to gain novel insights into the outcomes associated with both transcatheter and surgical approaches to aortic valve replacement. Our objective is to enhance shared decision-making by comparing long-term mortality and clinical outcomes between treatments.

METHODS
This observational study included all patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing elective isolated transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in Western Denmark between January 2016 and April 2022. Patient population and clinical data were identified from the Western Danish Heart Registry and the National Danish Patient Registry, respectively. A propensity score-matched population was generated. Outcomes were investigated according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-3.

RESULTS
A total of 2269 TAVI patients and 1094 SAVR patients where identified. The propensity score-matched population consisted of 468 TAVI patients (mean[SD]age, 75.0[5.3] years) and 468 SAVR patients (mean[SD] age, 75.1[4.6]years). The Kaplan–Meier estimate for the 5-year all-cause mortality was 29.8% in the TAVI group and 16.9% for in the SAVR group (P = 0.019). The risk of all stroke or transient ischaemic attack after five year was 15.1% in the TAVI group and 11.0% in the SAVR group (P = 0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
This study underscores the importance of evaluating all patient factors when choosing an aortic valve replacement method. Surgical aortic valve replacement was an excellent choice, especially for patients with New York Heart Association class I/II, ≥75 age, left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, or longer life expectancy.
Thinking the Aesthetic: Towards a Noetic Conception of Aesthetic Experience The 2023 Richard Wollheim Memorial Lecture
Authors: Schellekens Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper defends a ‘noetic’ conception of aesthetic experience whereby such experience is best conceived as a kind of explorative thought process. Although not directly aimed at acquiring knowledge, this process often leads to an enhanced understanding or improved epistemic grasp of the object of appreciation itself and the world. On this conception, aesthetic value acts as an invitation to engage in a series of contemplative and reflective processes during which we rely not only on the perceptual, imaginative, and affective abilities which have occupied such a central role in aesthetic theory, but also on our capacities for sense-making, problem-solving and theory-building. Cases of intelligible beauty or aesthetic value should thus lie at the heart of accounts of aesthetic experience.
Genetic background of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in various genetic lineages of clinical aminoglycosides-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in Tunisia
Authors: Harbaoui Sarra , Ferjani Sana , Abbassi Mohamed Salah , Guzmán-Puche Julia , Causse Manuel , Elías-López Cristina , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Boubaker Ilhem Boutiba-Ben 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro activity of clinically relevant aminoglycosides and to determine the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases among aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli (n = 61) and K. pneumoniae (n = 44) clinical isolates. Associated resistances to beta–lactams and their bla genes as well as the genetic relatedness of isolates were also investigated.

Materials and methods
A total of 105 aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli (n = 61) and K. pneumoniae (n = 44) isolates recovered between March and May 2017 from 100 patients hospitalized in different wards of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, were studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycoside compounds were determined by broth microdilution method. Aminoglycosides resistance encoding genes [aph(3´)-Ia, aph(3′) IIa, aph(3´)-VIa, ant(2″)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6′)-Ib, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, armA, and npmA] and bla genes were investigated by PCR and sequencing. Genetic relatedness was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for representative isolates.

Results
High rates of aminoglycoside resistance were found: gentamicin (85.7%), tobramycin (87.6%), kanamycin (78.0%), netilmincin (74.3%), and amikcin (18.0%). Most common AME gene was aac(3)-IIa (42%), followed by aac(6′)-Ib (36.2%) and aph(3′)-VIa (32.4%). The majority of isolates were resistant to beta–lactams and blaCTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL. The blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 were also produced by 1 and 23 isolates, respectively. Novel sequence types have been reported among our isolates and high-risk clonal lineages have been detected, such as E. coli ST43 (ST131 in Achtman MLST scheme) and K. pneumoniae (ST11/ST13).

Conclusions
The high prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance rates and the diversity of corresponding genes, with diverse β-lactamase enzymes among genetically heterogeneous clinical isolates present a matter of concern.
Incorporating body measurement traits to increase genetic gain of feed efficiency and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers
Authors: Kemmotsu Nodoka , Takeda Masayuki , Ogino Atsushi , Watanabe Toshio , Kurogi Kazuhito , Satoh Masahiro , Uemoto Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate whether body measurement traits, including body weight and body size, could be used as indicators of genetic selection for feed efficiency and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers. First, we estimated the genetic parameters for body measurements, feed efficiency, and carcass traits. Second, we estimated the correlated responses in feed efficiency and carcass traits when selection was applied to one or multiple-body measurement traits. In total, 4,578 Japanese Black steers with phenotypic values of residual feed intake (RFI) and residual body weight gain (RG) as feed efficiency traits and carcass weight (CWT) and beef marbling standard (BMS) as carcass traits were used. Eleven body measurement traits were measured at the start and finish of the fattening periods (BMT1 and BMT2, respectively), and their growth during the fattening period (BMT3) was used for genetic analyses. The results of genetic parameters showed that the heritability estimates were low to moderate (0.10 to 0.66), and the genetic correlations among body measurement traits were also estimated to be positively moderate to high in each measuring point (0.23 to 0.99). The genetic correlations of body measurement traits with RFI and BMS were estimated to be low (−0.14 to 0.30 and −0.17 to 0.35, respectively), but those with CWT were positively low to high (0.12 to 0.97). The genetic correlation estimates between BMT3 and RG were moderate to high (0.38 to 0.78). Second, correlated responses were estimated under positive selection for body measurement traits. Positive selection for BMT2 and BMT3 increased CWT and RG; however, positive selection for body measurement traits resulted in no change in RFI and BMS. Favorable directions of genetic gains, which were positive for RG, CWT, and BMS and negative for RFI, were obtained by selection indices, including multiple traits in BMT1. Our results suggest that using only one-body measurement trait as an indicator of genetic selection for RFI is difficult. However, body measurement traits can be indirect indicators of improved RG. Our results also suggest that genetic improvement of both RFI and RG without reducing CWT and BMS could be achieved using selection indices that account for a balance of body conformation using multiple-body measurement traits in Japanese Black cattle.
Prohibiting the use of biological weapons: diverging national measures, a comparative analysis
Authors: de Vries Barry 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To ensure an effective international prohibition on the use of biological weapons, an international framework of national prohibitions needs to exist. This article looks comparatively at the national prohibitions on the use of biological weapons and considers the effect of common approaches. This research is based on a near-comprehensive collection of national legislation addressing the use of biological weapons. Investigating the common approaches allows for the identification of potential gaps within the international framework of national prohibitions, indicating the potential benefit of developing an international obligation to implement national measures prohibiting the use of biological weapons.
The evolution of evolutionary linguistics
Authors: Brar Poonam , Camargo Chico Q 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a scientometric study of the evolution of evolutionary linguistics, a multidisciplinary field that investigates the origin and evolution of language. We apply network science methods to analyse changes in the connections among core concepts discussed in the Causal Hypotheses in Evolutionary Linguistics Database, a searchable database of causal hypotheses in evolutionary linguistics. Our analysis includes a multipartite network of 416 papers, 742 authors, and 1,786 variables such as ‘population birth rate’ and ‘linguistic complexity’. Our findings indicate a significant increase in the size of concept networks from 1886 to 2022, providing an account of the growth and diversification of evolutionary linguistics as a field. We describe eight major clusters of concepts, and characterize the connections within and between clusters. Finally, we identify hypotheses cutting across clusters of concepts that have a high-betweenness centrality, implying that they might have a higher impact on the field if proven right (or wrong). Furthermore, we discuss the role of databases in cultural evolution and scientometrics, emphasizing the value of interdisciplinary connections and the potential for further cross-disciplinary collaboration in the field of Evolutionary Linguistics.
Galaxy Zoo DESI: large-scale bars as a secular mechanism for triggering AGNs
Authors: Garland Izzy L , Walmsley Mike , Silcock Maddie S , Potts Leah M , Smith Josh , Simmons Brooke D , Lintott Chris J , Smethurst Rebecca J , Dawson James M , Keel William C , Kruk Sandor , Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , Masters Karen L , O’Ryan David , Popp Jürgen J , Thorne Matthew R 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite the evidence that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) co-evolve with their host galaxy, and that most of the growth of these SMBHs occurs via merger-free processes, the underlying mechanisms which drive this secular co-evolution are poorly understood. We investigate the role that both strong and weak large-scale galactic bars play in mediating this relationship. Using 48 871 disc galaxies in a volume-limited sample from Galaxy Zoo DESI, we analyse the active galactic nucleus (AGN) fraction in strongly barred, weakly barred, and unbarred galaxies up to $z = 0.1$ over a range of stellar masses and colours. After controlling for stellar mass and colour, we find that the optically selected AGN fraction is $31.6 \pm 0.9$ per cent in strongly barred galaxies, $23.3 \pm 0.8$ per cent in weakly barred galaxies, and $14.2 \pm 0.6$ per cent in unbarred disc galaxies. These are highly statistically robust results, strengthening the tantalizing results in earlier works. Strongly barred galaxies have a higher fraction of AGNs than weakly barred galaxies, which in turn have a higher fraction than unbarred galaxies. Thus, while bars are not required in order to grow an SMBH in a disc galaxy, large-scale galactic bars appear to facilitate AGN fuelling, and the presence of a strong bar makes a disc galaxy more than twice as likely to host an AGN than an unbarred galaxy at all galaxy stellar masses and colours.
The impact of shear on the rotation of Galactic plane molecular clouds
Authors: Rani Raffaele , Li Jia-Lun , Moore Toby J T , Eden David J , Rigby Andrew J , Park Geumsook , Lee Yueh-Ning 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Stars form in the densest regions of molecular clouds; however, there is no universal understanding of the factors that regulate cloud dynamics and their influence on the gas-to-star conversion. This study considers the impact of Galactic shear on the rotation of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and its relation to the solenoidal modes of turbulence. We estimate the direction of rotation for a large sample of clouds in the $\mathrm{^{13}CO}$/$\mathrm{C^{18}O}$(3–2) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS) and their corresponding sources in a new segmentation of the $\mathrm{^{12}CO}$(3–2) High-Resolution Survey. To quantify the strength of shear, we introduce a parameter that describes the shear’s ability to disrupt growing density perturbations within the cloud. Although we find no correlation between the direction of cloud rotation, the shear parameter, and the magnitude of the velocity gradient, the solenoidal fraction of the turbulence in the CHIMPS sample is positively correlated with the shear parameter and behaves similarly when plotted over Galactocentric distance. GMCs may thus not be large or long-lived enough to be affected by shear to the point of showing rotational alignment. In theory, Galactic shear can facilitate the rise of solenoidal turbulence and thus contribute to suppressing star formation. These results also suggest that the rotation of clouds is not strictly related to the overall rotation of the disc, but is more likely to be the imprint of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in the colliding flows that formed the clouds.
Predicting novel mosquito-associated viruses from metatranscriptomic dark matter
Authors: de Andrade Amanda Araújo Serrão , Brustolini Otávio , Grivet Marco , Schrago Carlos G , Vasconcelos Ana Tereza Ribeiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The exponential growth of metatranscriptomic studies dedicated to arboviral surveillance in mosquitoes has yielded an unprecedented volume of unclassified sequences referred to as the virome dark matter. Mosquito-associated viruses are classified based on their host range into Mosquito-specific viruses (MSV) or Arboviruses. While MSV replication is restricted to mosquito cells, Arboviruses infect both mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts. We developed the MosViR pipeline designed to identify complex genomic discriminatory patterns for predicting novel MSV or Arboviruses from viral contigs as short as 500 bp. The pipeline combines the predicted probability score from multiple predictive models, ensuring a robust classification with Area Under ROC (AUC) values exceeding 0.99 for test datasets. To assess the practical utility of MosViR in actual cases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 24 published mosquito metatranscriptomic datasets. By mining this metatranscriptomic dark matter, we identified 605 novel mosquito-associated viruses, with eight putative novel Arboviruses exhibiting high probability scores. Our findings highlight the limitations of current homology-based identification methods and emphasize the potentially transformative impact of the MosViR pipeline in advancing the classification of mosquito-associated viruses. MosViR offers a powerful and highly accurate tool for arboviral surveillance and for elucidating the complexities of the mosquito RNA virome.
Decoding functional proteome information in model organisms using protein language models
Authors: Barrios-Núñez Israel , Martínez-Redondo Gemma I , Medina-Burgos Patricia , Cases Ildefonso , Fernández Rosa , Rojas Ana M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Protein language models have been tested and proved to be reliable when used on curated datasets but have not yet been applied to full proteomes. Accordingly, we tested how two different machine learning-based methods performed when decoding functional information from the proteomes of selected model organisms. We found that protein language models are more precise and informative than deep learning methods for all the species tested and across the three gene ontologies studied, and that they better recover functional information from transcriptomic experiments. The results obtained indicate that these language models are likely to be suitable for large-scale annotation and downstream analyses, and we recommend a guide for their use.
Research criteria towards an interdisciplinary Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention assessment
Authors: Tilmes Simone , Rosenlof Karen H , Visioni Daniele , Bednarz Ewa M , Felgenhauer Tyler , Smith Wake , Lennard Chris , Diamond Michael S , Henry Matthew , Harrison Cheryl S , Thompson Chelsea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With surface temperatures already reaching unprecedented highs, resulting in significant adverse consequences for societies and ecosystems, there are increasing calls to expand research into climate interventions, including Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention (SAI). However, research and dissemination are currently fragmented and would benefit from a comprehensive international assessment of the current state of knowledge regarding impacts, risks, and recommendations for future SAI research directions. The goals of a scientific assessment would be to describe the current state of SAI research and evaluate proposed scenario-strategy combinations through well-designed evaluation guidelines. The suggested iterative approach would integrate natural and social science considerations to guide future research toward more plausible scenarios and strategy development to reduce uncertainties and minimize the risks of SAI. Here, we outline multidisciplinary research criteria to guide the assessment process and provide an overview of the benefits and risks of proposed SAI applications. We group these criteria into three categories: (1) technical and design requirements, (2) response and impacts, and (3) societal considerations. Including all three categories in a comprehensive assessment of potential SAI applications outlined here promotes enhanced interdisciplinary and international collaborations, intentionally engaging the underrepresented Global South. The assessment structure further promotes the need for recurring reports every few years with globally representative participation and could also be applicable to other Solar Radiation Modification methods or combined approaches. Such assessments are necessary to align research with considerations for decision-makers and the public on the feasibility of SAI in reducing the impacts of climate change and its potential societal and ecological trade-offs.
Effect of a 4-Week Telerehabilitation Program for People With Post-COVID Syndrome on Physical Function and Symptoms: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reeves Jack M , Spencer Lissa M , Tsai Ling-Ling , Baillie Andrew J , Han Yuna , Leung Regina W M , Bishop Joshua A , Troy Lauren K , Corte Tamera J , Teoh Alan K Y , Peters Matthew , Barton Carly , Jones Lynette , Alison Jennifer A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
COVID-19 has led to significant morbidity and mortality globally. Post-COVID sequelae can persist beyond the acute and subacute phases of infection, often termed post-COVID syndrome (PCS). There is limited evidence on the appropriate rehabilitation for people with PCS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on exercise capacity, symptoms, cognition, anxiety, depression, health-related quality of life, and fatigue of a 4-week, twice-weekly supervised pulmonary telerehabilitation program compared with usual medical care for people with PCS with persistent respiratory symptoms.

Methods
The study will be a multi-site randomized controlled trial with assessor blinding. Participants with confirmed previous COVID-19 infection and persistent respiratory symptoms who attend a post-COVID respiratory clinic will be randomized 1:1 to either an intervention group of 4 weeks, twice-weekly pulmonary telerehabilitation or a control group of usual medical care. Participants in the control group will be invited to cross-over into the intervention group after the week 4 assessment. Primary outcome: exercise capacity measured by the 1-minute sit-to-stand test. Secondary outcomes: 5 repetition sit-to-stand test; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test; 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Fatigue Severity Scale; and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, after 4-weeks intervention or control period, after intervention in the cross-over group, and at 12-month follow-up.

Impact
Research into effective rehabilitation programs is crucial given the substantial morbidity associated with PCS and the lack of long-term data for COVID-19 recovery. A short-duration pulmonary telerehabilitation program, if effective compared with usual care, could inform practice guidelines and direct future clinical trials for the benefit of individuals with persistent respiratory symptoms post-COVID.
The State of American Federalism 2023–2024: Judicialization of Gridlocked Politics
Authors: Bromley-Trujillo Rebecca , Dichio Michael A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Contemporary American federalism, while characterized by nationalized policy battles in the states, is also increasingly defined by the centralization of power in the federal judiciary. In this introductory piece of the 2023–2024 Annual Review issue, we unpack the judicialization of federalism politics. This process, we argue, has been facilitated by national political gridlock, defined by increasing dysfunction in Congress, and the growth of the administrative presidency. In policy conflicts on subjects ranging from education and the environment to abortion and other individual rights, courts have played an increasingly significant role as the arbiter of the federal–state balance of power. As the articles in this Annual Review illustrate, with a few exceptions, judicialization of federalism has often resulted in the devolution of authority to the states, with significant implications for public policy and democratic institutions.