bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PM and D1S80 Loci Gene Frequencies in the Zaragoza Population of Northern Spain
Authors: Martinez-Jarreta B , Budowle B , Abecia E , Bell B , Casalod Y , Castellano M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC (PM loci) and D1S80 are widely used in forensic casework analyses and population data are required to estimate the frequency of a DNA profile. This paper presents the results of a survey aimed at investigating the allele and genotype frequency distribution of these loci in an important Spanish population (Zaragoza, North Spain). Statistical analysis to determine whether allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was carried out as well as to obtain some parameters of medicolegal interest. There was no evidence of association between the alleles of the loci. The Zaragoza sample does not differ substantially from other Caucasian populations.
Isolation, Amplification, and Sequencing of Human Mitochondrial DNA Obtained from Human Crab Louse, Pthirus Pubis (L.), Blood Meals
Authors: Lord WD , DiZinno JA , Wilson MR , Budowle B , Taplin D , Meinking TL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The ability to identify individual human hosts based on analyses of blood recovered from the digestive tract of hematophagous arthropods has been a long-term pursuit in both medical and forensic entomology. Blood meal individualization techniques can bring important advancements to studies of vector-borne disease epidemiology. Forensically, these analyses may aid in assailant identification in violent crime cases where blood-feeding insects or their excreta are recovered from victims or at crime scenes. Successful isolation, amplification, and sequencing of human mitochondrial DNA obtained from adult human crab lice fed on human volunteers are reported. Adult lice were removed from recruited volunteers frequenting inner city health clinics. Live lice were killed by freezing and subsequently air dried at ambient temperature. A saliva sample was obtained from each volunteer and served as a DNA reference sample. Volunteers were afforded free, approved pediculosis treatment. Individual lice were subsequently processed using procedures developed for the extraction of mitochondrial DNA from human hair, teeth, and bone. The resulting DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Our results point to valuable avenues for future entomological research.
Dangerous Misidentification of People Due to Flashback Phenomena in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Silva JA , Leong GB , Harry BE , Ronan J , Weinstock R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Misidentification of people may occur in a number of psychiatric disorders associated with delusional thinking. Misidentification of people may also occur in the context of visual flashback phenomena associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. People who misidentify someone during a flashback associated with previous war combat experience may perceive and conceptualize the misidentified object as an enemy who may be both feared and disliked. This might make the misidentified objects become the targets of violent attacks by the affected person. In this article we present five cases of flashback-induced misidentification of people who were subsequently attacked within the context of the flashback experience. The nature of the misidentification of persons due to flashback experiences is discussed. The association between the type of misidentification and aggression is also discussed.
Murder Masquerading as Suicide: Postmortem Assessment of Suicide Risk Factors at the Time of Death
Authors: Simon RI 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Postmortem assessments of suicide risk factors present at the time of death were used to expose a murder masquerading as a suicide. Postmortem assessment of clinically based suicide risk factors in equivocal suicide cases should readily meet prevailing evidentiary criteria of “reasonableness.” Assessing the presence or absence of suicide risk factors can assist in clarifying the question of suicide intent at the time of death. However, discerning the motives for suicide is usually a more difficult task. Forensic opinions should avoid conclusory statements that invade the province of the fact finder in determining criminal responsibility.
Homicides in War and Peace in Croatia
Authors: Požgain I , Mandić N , Barkić J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This work shows the interdisciplinary investigation of homicides in the Osijek area during the war and prewar periods. Similarities between the prewar and wartime perpetrators are related to social-demographic characteristics. Nevertheless, significant differences are found in the homicidal method of selection among victims and participation of victims involved.
The major contributing factors in homicide genesis were acute alcohol intoxication and personality disorder among perpetrators. Besides these factors, the war stressors and access to firearms were significant factors during the war homicides.
Prevention efforts should be directed toward consequential measures and further investigation suggests that the emphasis must be put on victimological aspects of the homicide problem.
This work is a review of an interdisciplinary investigation of prewar and war homicides in the city of Osijek district.
It provides confirmation of how the number of war homicides relate to the prewar number.
The Hypnosis of Adolf Hitler
Authors: Post DE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A little-known United States Naval Intelligence document (declassified in 1973) for the first time identified Dr. Edmund Forster as the psychiatrist who treated Adolf Hitler during his recovery in Pasewalk Military Hospital.
The fact that Adolf Hitler served as a corporal in World War I is known. However, little has been known as to the psychiatric treatment of Hitler during the autumn of 1918 after he fell victim to a mustard gas attack while serving in the front lines with The 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment.
Historians (Rudolph Binion and John Toland) have acknowledged Hitler's days in the Pasewalk Hospital, but Hitler's psychiatric treatment was not the focus of their attention.
The author of the present paper (a psychiatrist) sets out to better understand what is known about Forster's encounter with Adolf Hitler; and discusses the possibility that suggestions given to Hitler under hypnosis may have influenced the course of history.
Age and Sex-Related Variation in Hyoid Bone Morphology
Authors: Miller KWP , Walker PL , O'Halloran RL 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough the relationship between hyoid bone shape and fracture pattern figures prominently in forensic investigations of strangulation, few quantitative data exist on age and sex differences in hyoid morphology. An image analysis system was used to take a series of 30 measurements on digitized radiographs of 315 hyoid bones from people of known age and sex. The degree of fusion of the greater cornua to the hyoid body was also recorded. Statistical analysis of these data shows that there is a continuous distribution of hyoid bone shapes and that most bones are highly symmetrical. Based on smaller samples, previous researchers have suggested that non-fusion is more common in women than in men. In contrast, our data suggest that men and women have similar nonfusion rates. Analysis of sexual dimorphism shows that the greatest length differences are in the greater cornua. There are also significant sex differences in hyoid shape. For example, the distal ends of the greater cornua of women are significantly longer than those of men.
Production of Intoxication States by Actors: Perception by Lay Listeners
Authors: Hollien H , DeJong G , Martin CA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of ingesting ethanol have been shown to be somewhat variable in humans; there appear to be but few universals. Yet, questions about intoxication often are asked by law enforcement personnel (especially relative to DUI), clinicians and various individuals in social settings. A key question: Is it possible to determine if a person is intoxicated by observing them in some manner? A closely associated one: Can speech be used for that purpose? Two of the many issues related to the second of these questions involve the possibility that (1) speakers, especially actors, can effectively mimic the speech of intoxicated individuals, and (2) they may be able to volitionally reduce any speech degradation which results from intoxication. The approach used to test these two questions tasked auditors to determine if these simulations were possible. To this end, young, healthy actors chosen on the basis of a large number of selection criteria were asked to produce several types of controlled utterances (1) during a learning phase, (2) when sober, (3) at three simulated levels of intoxication (mildly, legally and severely drunk), (4) during actual, and parallel, levels of intoxication, and (5) at the highest intoxication level attained but when attempting to sound completely sober. Two aural-perceptual studies were conducted: both involved counterbalanced ABX procedures where each subject was paired with him/herself. Listeners were normally hearing university students drawn from undergraduate phonetics and linguistics courses. In the first study, they rated the actors as being more intoxicated—when they actually were sober but simulating drunkenness—88% more often than when they actually were intoxicated. In the second study, they were judged as sounding less inebriated when attempting to sound sober (than they actually were) 61% of the time. These relationships would appear to impact a number of situations; one of special importance would be the detection of intoxication in motorists.
Thermal Stability of Direct Dental Esthetic Restorative Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Robinson FG , Rueggeberg FA , Lockwood PE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
With increasing use of direct esthetic restorative materials, the identity of a body may rely upon knowledge of temperature effects on this class of dental restorations. This research examined the effect of atmospheric gas on thermal decomposition and color change of a wide variety of direct esthetic restorative materials. Cured discs (4 × 1 and 8 × 1 mm) were made using manufacturer's directions: traditional glass ionomer (Fuji II), light-curable resonomer (Fuji II LC), compomer (Geristore™), and three types of resin composites—highly filled, urethane-based (Occlusin™), and two Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resins: hybrid (Hercurlite® XRV™) and microfill (Silux Plus™). Three replications of each material were heated at 5°C/min in a thermogravimetric analysis unit using either room air or nitrogen purge to simulate different thermal environments. First derivative values of percent weight loss with respect to temperature were obtained to determine temperatures associated with increased decomposition rates. Room-air heating showed greater numbers of decomposition events than did nitrogen-heated discs. The only material decomposing less than 200°C in either atmosphere was traditional glass ionomer. The majority of decomposition occurred between 200° and 500°C for all materials. Only products containing glass ionomer components decomposed between 600° and 800°C. Room-air heating resulted in ash white discs at 800°C and higher. Specimens heated in nitrogen were gray to black at 600°C and higher. Heating atmosphere greatly affected color, and some products demonstrated distinguishing color changes: glass ionomers, in particular, showed characteristic color features. An atlas was constructed from color change of specimens recovered after 200°, 400°, 600°, 800°, and 1000°C compared with non-heated controls.
Development and Population Study of an Eight-Locus Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Multiplex System
Authors: Lins AM , Micka KA , Sprecher CJ , Taylor JA , Bacher JW , Rabbach DR , Bever RA , Creacy SD , Schumm JW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Amplification of short tandem repeat (STR) loci has become a useful tool for human identification applications. To improve throughput and efficiency for such uses, the polymorphic STR loci CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, and LPL have been evaluated, developed, and configured into fluorescently labeled multiplex systems. Eight of these STR loci were combined to generate the PowerPlex™ System, a two-color multiplex system that supports rapid, accurate, reliable analysis and designation of alleles. The remaining four loci comprise the FFFL System, a one-color multiplex system. The PowerPlex™ System may be evaluated alternatively as two one-color, four-locus multiplex systems. CTTv Multiplex and GammaSTR™ Multiplex. The products of multiplex amplification may be analyzed with a variety of fluorescence detection instruments. Determination of genotypes of over 200 individuals from each of three different population/ethnic groups revealed independence of inheritance of the loci and allowed calculation of matching probability, typical paternity index, and power of exclusion for each multiplex.
Population Genetics and Forensic Applications Using Multiplex PCR (CSF1PO, TPOX, and TH01) Loci in the Basque Country
Authors: de Pancorbo MM , Castro A , Fernández-Fernández I , García-Orad A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A population study in a sample of 200 unrelated individuals from the Basque Country (Northern Spain) was carried out using the GenePrint STR Multiplex System. The PCR products were electrophorized on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by silver staining. The loci are TH01, TPOX, and CSF1PO. All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and independence of alelles at these STR loci was found. A comparison with other population groups appeared to indicate that frequencies are well conserved in Caucasians, but differ from those of other racial groups. We have also calculated Fst as a measure of population subdivision. No appreciable genetic subdivision in the Caucasian populations studied here was found. Some statistical parameters of forensic interest (Pex, PM and PD) were also calculated. No exclusions were found in 100 mother-child and father-child meiosis. To evaluate the applicability of these systems to forensic casework, we studied the minimum quantity of DNA which can be used applying the multiplex methodology, and the minimum quantity that can be typed in a mixed sample. We also examined several samples such as hair roots, semen stains, vaginal swabs, blood stains and temporary teeth, each of these of varying ages.
Validation of Capillary Electrophoresis for Analysis of the X-Y Homologous Amelogenin Gene
Authors: LaFountain M , Schwartz M , Cormier J , Buel E 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a versatile technology with tremendous potential applications in forensic science. A refinement of the traditional slab-gel, separation occurs in a liquid polymer contained within a capillary. The capillary electrophoresis unit is computer-driven, semi-automating the loading and analysis of samples.
As with any new technology, a full performance assessment is required before it may be implemented with confidence. This paper focuses on validation of CE technology for analysis of a portion of the X-Y homologous amelogenin gene used in gender determination. Typical Y/X ratios of peak heights for male samples were determined. Instrument linearity, sample resolution and reproducibility were examined. Samples subjected to contamination, extreme environmental conditions or extracted from a variety of substrates were also tested by CE. All samples typed correctly. Genetic material from a number of common non-primate animals was amplified with amelogenin primers. Some species yielded no product. Products derived from the animal samples that did amplify produced peaks on CE analysis readily distinguishable from those of human origin.
Polymarker, HLA-DQA1, and D1S80 Allele Frequency Data in Chamorro and Filipino Populations from Guam
Authors: Budowle B , Baechtel FS , Fejeran R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Allele frequencies were determined in sample populations of Chamorros and Filipinos from Guam at the loci LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, Gc, HLA-DQA1, and D1S80. Variable number tandem repeat alleles at the D1S80 locus were detected by silver staining following electrophoresis of amplified products in polyacrylamide. Allelic products of the other loci were detected by reverse dot blot hybridization following a multiplex amplification procedure. All loci, in both sample populations, are highly polymorphic and meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations, except for the D1S80 locus in the Chamorro population sample (p = 0.025). An interclass correlation analysis detected only one marginally significant departure from independence out of a total of 42 pairwise comparisons of the seven loci for both data sets (LDLR/HBGG in Chamorros, p = 0.048). The Chamorro and Filipino allele frequency data are similar to each other at six of the seven loci with only a marginally significant difference at the HLA-DQA1 locus (p = 0.049).
Recovery of DNA from Human Teeth by Cryogenic Grinding
Authors: Sweet D , Hildebrand D 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
DNA has been previously recovered from human teeth for RFLP and PCR-based forensic analysis. In some cases, the maximum amount of undisturbed tooth structure is required for ulterior forensic analysis. But, in most cases, following comprehensive documentation, it is possible to section the tooth longitudinally or horizontally, or crush it to access the DNA-rich core. This technical report describes an alternative method to recover DNA from whole extracted human molar teeth. A 6700 freezer mill was used to pulverize 20 teeth under frozen preparation in liquid nitrogen and sterile conditions. The mean yield of DNA was 30.9 μg (18.4 μg DNA per gm tooth powder). The resulting fine powder was subjected to organic extraction and subsequently quantified using slot blot hybridization. Aliquots were successfully amplified at three short tandem repeat polymorphic loci. The technique is simple and relatively rapid. Isolation of the samples during pulverization minimizes the risk of contamination.
Evaluation of a Sampling Procedure for Heroin Street Doses
Authors: Azoury M , Grader-Sageev D , Avraham S 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
New legislation regarding methods of drug sampling was passed in Israel in 1991. According to this law, the qualitative result (i.e., identification of the drug) as well as the estimated weight for the total exhibit, based on random sampling, are applied to the total exhibit and may be accepted as evidence. Since then, it has become standard procedure in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory to open, weigh and analyze only a part of a larger number of drug steet doses while the indictment is based on the estimated weight of the total exhibit. In this study, the routine sampling method for heroin street doses used in the laboratory is described and evaluated. For this purpose, 48 exhibits, including about 1300 street doses of powder which had been sampled and examined in the past, have been collected. The previously unanalyzed street doses of each exhibit were weighed and the true total weight of each exhibit was compared with the original estimated total weight. The relative sampling error of the original estimates is about 5% and these tend to be lower than the true weight by about 0.7%. Additional random sampling was also performed on the 48 exhibits, creating for each exhibit four new samples from the unanalyzed street doses. The additional estimates have been compared with the original estimated and the true total weight. Heroin was detected in all the previously unanalyzed street doses.
Rise of Liquid Drops in Immiscible Liquid: A Simple, Novel, and Rapid Method to Determine the Density of Microquantity Liquids
Authors: Srinivasan GJ , Thirunavukkarasu G , Satyanarayana P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A simple, novel, and rapid method for the determination of density of microquantity liquids is described. The method may be employed in forensic science when liquids sent for analysis are available in microquantities (even up to 0.5 μL) for which density cannot be determined either by the capillary tube method, where accurate weighing is a problem, or by the other conventional methods such as specific gravity bottle method, Pyknometer method, or the Westphal-balance method. The retrieval of the sample is also possible in this method, which allows the analyst to carry out further analysis.
Stability of Tricyclic Antidepressants in Formalin Solutions
Authors: Takayasu T , Holterman K , Ohshima T , Pounder DJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We investigated the stability of the secondary amines, desipramine (DP) and nortriptyline (NRT), and the tertiary amines, imipramine (IP) and amitriptyline (AT), in formaldehyde (F) and paraformaldehyde (PF) aqueous solutions. NRT showed little instability in 0.37 to 37% F and PF solutions, but AT formation was detected and increased, up to 0.46 to 2.7%, in parallel with rising F and PF concentrations. DP was unstable and levels decreased to 74 to 96% with increasing F concentrations, and fell only to 96% in 10% PF solution. IP formation increased in the same manner as AT to 2.9 to 3.5% of the initial DP. When AT and IP were stored in F and PF solutions, concentrations of AT and IP did not change. DP in F pH 3 to 11 phosphate buffer (PB) solutions showed high recovery in the order: pH 5 &gt; pH 7 &gt; pH 9 &gt; pH 3 and pH 11. DP in PF buffered solutions decreased slightly only at pH 3 (3.5%). By contrast, IP did not change at any pH (pH 3 to 11) of the F or PF solutions. During storage for 21 days at room temperature in 3.7% F and PF solutions, IP and DP degradation was accelerated when compared with the values in pH 3 and 7 PB solutions. However, IP detected in DP F or PF solution was only 0.2% of the initial DP 21 days after storage. Thus, AT, NRT, IP and DP degraded gradually in F and PF solutions during storage at room temperature. TCAs may first react nucleophilically with formaldehyde to form hemiaminals. DP in 3.7% formaldehyde aqueous solution formed little of its methylated product, IP, at room temperature.
Improved GC/MS Analysis of Opiates with Use of Oxime-TMS Derivatives
Authors: Cremese M , Wu AHB , Cassella G , O'Connor E , Rymut K , Hill DW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An improved gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) assay is described for the quantitation of codeine and morphine as trimethylsyl (TMS) derivatives. The TMS derivatization of ketone-containing opiates results in the formation of multiple derivatives. Some of these products have retention times close to those of codeine-TMS and morphine-TMS. When the ketoopiates are present in samples assayed for codeine and morphine in urine, they can interfere with the quantitation of these commonly targeted opiates. The assay was improved with the addition of a pre-BSTFA derivatization step, whereby hydroxylamine was used to convert the keto-opiates into the corresponding oxime derivative. These derivatives were then reacted with BSTFA to form the TMS ethers and TMS oxime derivatives. The oxime step enabled production of single derivatives for hydrocodone and hydromorphone. In addition, the retention times for the oxime-TMS derivatives were increased so that they no longer elute near the targeted drugs of codeine and morphine. The addition of the oxime step does not affect the sylation of codeine and morphine, and the accuracy and precision of this assay were unaffected.