bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trypanosoma Evansi in Camels in North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Kyari Falmata , Mohammed Konto , Mbaya Albert Wulari , Biu Abdullahi Abubakar , Bukar Mwajim , Tukur Salamatu Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Trypanosoma evansi is the first hemo-pathogenic trypanosome species of equines and dromedaries. Camels are the principal host of T. evansi; but, horses and other Equidae as well as a large range of other hosts can be infected mechanically. Diagnosis of T. evansi basically relies on conventional Giemsa staining of thin and thick blood smears, which are time consuming and require experienced personnel. Serological test used for parasite detection may suffer the disadvantages in reproducibility due to antigenic variation and significant levels of false negative and false positive results. To overcome the limits of sensitivity and specificity imposed by other diagnostic methods, molecular detection of T. evansi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was carried out in this study on 50 dromedary camels. Five different isolates were obtained from this study. The 5 consensus sequences obtained were compared with other T. evansi isolated from other geographically dispersed locations. The result of this investigation present the first molecular (PCR) detection of T. evansi in camels from Borno and Yobe States of Nigeria and revealed that 5 isolates were identified from this study area which are phylogenetically related to other African isolates from the sub-saharan African, the Middle-East with extension to other parts of Asia and America. This study also revealed two phylogenetically distinct diverse strains base on the ITS-1 gene in the study area. There are no much phylogenetic diversities between the T. evansi strains using the ITS-1 gene. Therefore, it is highly recommended to look into other genes like the RoTat gene and other protein coding genes in order to establish more detailed variations.
Active Block EX-CCII Based Electrical Circuit for Practical Impedance Data of OSCC
Authors: Athokpam Bidhanshel Singh , Ranjan Ashish , Banerjee Sumita , Bhatt Vivek , Maisnam Mamata , Mukherjee Saikat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer, and its behavior can be analyzed using bio-impedance. A single dispersion Cole model is designed using active block Extra X Current Conveyor (EX-CCII), which generates the existing practical oral OSCC bio-impedance data. An experimental result of cancer bio-impedance in the 20 Hz to 5 MHz range is well modeled with an active block EX-CCII resistors (Rand R1) and fractional capacitor (Cα). The proposed design can serve as a step forward for designing a purposeful method for analyzing the behavior of oral cancer impedance without any practical data. The functionality of the proposed electrical circuit for OSCC is well verified through PSPICE simulation using both 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC Technology parameters and the macro model of EX-CCII. Simulation results agree well with experimental bio-impedance data.
The comparison of cellulose regeneration behavior in different solvents after sulfuric acid treatment
Authors: Du Xinyuan , Han Yuke , He Xueni , Lu Yi , Shi Suan , Han Lujia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The efficient utilization of cellulose requires certain treatments. Regeneration of cellulose after dissolving it using chemical reagents is one of the commonly used methods. In this study, a high solid/liquid ratio beyond the region normally explored in the conventional processes was applied in the sulfuric acid treatment of cellulose, and different solvents were employed in the cellulose regeneration process.
Results
Sulfuric acid in the swelling state was effective in disrupting the cellulose structure and breaking its internal hydrogen bonds. The crystal type of the cellulose samples regenerated in water was cellulose II, while samples generated in methanol and ethanol showed amorphous structures. Meanwhile, the degree of polymerization (DP), average particle size (D50), and crystallinity (CrI) values of the samples were ranked as water > methanol > ethanol in terms of the regeneration solvents. This order was correlated with the polarity and molecular size of the solvents. The stronger the polarity, the more the liquid could form hydrogen bonds with the sulfuric acid during the regeneration process, which resulted in a higher degree of cellulose agglomeration. When cellulose was regenerated in ethanol after acid treatment, its DP decreased from 210 to 17 and its CrI decreased from 78.90 to 15.39 which will facilitate the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of the enzymatic hydrolysis experiments showed that the glucose productivity of the sample from ethanol was the highest among the three regeneration solvents.
Conclusion
The regeneration solvents have significant impact on the crystal types and physio-chemical property of regenerated cellulose after acid treatment. Solvents with more polarity have a greater ability to form hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid, resulting in a higher degree of cellulose re-polymerization, while solvents with smaller molecular size give the cellulose less spatial hindrance in forming hydrogen bonds for re-polymerization. Ethanol is considered to be a better solvent for cellulose regeneration after acid treatment among water, ethanol, and methanol.
Unleashing the Full Potential of Digital Endpoints: Eight Questions that Need Attention
Authors: Tackney Mia S. , Villar Sofía S. , Carpenter James R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The use of Digital Health Technologies to measure endpoints in clinical trials opens new opportunities as well as methodological challenges. Digital endpoints may provide more sensitive and higher-frequency measurements of participants' health outcomes, but pose vital statistical challenges around how such endpoints should be defined and validated and how trials incorporating digital endpoints should be designed and analysed. This article presents eight methodological questions, exploring issues around decision making on key issues such as the length of measurement period, choice of summary statistic and definition and handling of missing data, as well as the potential for new estimands and new analyses to leverage the time series data from digital devices. A selection of the challenges are illustrated through a simulation study based on the 2019 Bellerophon INOPulse trial which used time spent in MVPA as a digital endpoint. These eight questions present broad areas where methodological guidance is needed to enable wider uptake of digital endpoints in trials.
Extreme Maldistribution of High Field Strength Elements along Subduction Zones Revealed by Baddeleyite Aggregates in Serpentinite
Authors: Sawada Hikaru , Oyanagi Ryosuke , Niki Sota , Hirata Takafumi , Yoshida Kazuki , Nagata Mitsuhiro , Okamoto Atsushi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Alkaline fluids associated with serpentinization cause the dissolution and precipitation of high field strength elements (HFSE) and formation of rare mineral species. In this study, newly discovered baddeleyites in the Higuchi serpentinite body (HSB), Japan, are described. The HSB occurs as a 15×8 m outcrop surrounded by high-P/T metapelite, and baddeleyite was collected from only one serpentinite block. The baddeleyite appear as aggregates exhibiting angular or subrounded shapes with sizes of up to 2 mm in length. The aggregates are composed of acicular baddeleyite surrounded by porous zircon rims. Both the baddeleyite and the zircon yielded U–Pb ages of ca. 96 Ma, corresponding to the peak metamorphic age of the region. Within the aggregates, Th-enriched areas with sizes of less than 20 µm were observed. The baddeleyite aggregates show enrichment of light rare earth elements with positive Eu anomalies. The baddeleyite aggregates were likely produced with zircon megacrysts through metamorphism during serpentinization. Subsequent metasomatism associated with carbonation and silicification led to the formation of the zircon rim and trace-elemental maldistribution. This study demonstrates significant heterogeneity of milli- to micro-scales within a meter-scale serpentinite outcrop. This finding may necessitate a reassessment of the HFSE cycling in subduction zones.
Blood nerve barrier permeability enables nerve targeting of circulating nanoparticles in experimental autoimmune neuritis
Authors: Langert Kelly , Kaur Chanpreet , Villarreal Ellaina , Cabe Maleen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a devastating autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) for which treatment options are strictly palliative. Several studies have shown attenuation of the well-characterized preclinical experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) model with systemically administered therapeutic compounds via a range of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory mechanisms. Despite this, clinical advancement of these findings is limited by dosing that is not translatable to humans or is associated with off-target and toxic effects. This is due, in part, to the blood-nerve barrier (BNB), which restricts access of the circulation to peripheral nerves. Here, we assessed the degree to which BNB permeability and immune cell infiltration over the course of EAN enable passive accumulation of circulating nanoparticles. We found that at stages of EAN defined by distinct clinical scores and pathology (onset, intermediate, peak), intravenously administered small molecules and nanoparticles ranging from 50–150 nm can permeate into the endoneurium from the endoneurial vasculature in a size- and disease stage-dependent manner. This permeation occurs uniformly in both sciatic nerves and in proximal and distal regions of the nerves. We propose that this passive targeting serves as a platform by which potential therapies for GBS can be reevaluated and investigated preclinically in nanoparticle delivery systems.
Historical Subsurface Cooling in the Tropical Pacific and its Dynamics
Authors: Jiang Feng , Seager Richard , Cane Mark 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Understanding how the tropical Pacific responds to rising greenhouse gases in recent decades is of paramount importance given its central role in global climate systems. Extensive research has explored the long-term trends of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST) and the overlying atmosphere, yet the historical change of the upper ocean has received far less attention. Here we present compelling evidence of a prominent subsurface cooling pattern along the thermocline in the central-to-eastern tropical Pacific since 1958. This subsurface cooling has been argued to be contributing to the observed cooling or lack of warming of the equatorial cold tongue SST. We further demonstrate that different mechanisms are responsible for different parts of the subsurface cooling. In the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific and the southeastern off-equatorial Pacific, where zonal wind stress strengthens, a pronounced subsurface cooling trend emerges just above the thermocline that is closely tied to increased Ekman pumping. In the eastern equatorial Pacific where zonal wind stress weakens, the westward surface current and eastward equatorial undercurrent weaken as well, resulting in reduced vertical current shear and increased ocean stability, which suppresses vertical mixing and leads to local cooling. We conclude that the historical subsurface cooling is primarily linked to dynamical adjustments of ocean currents to tropical surface wind stress changes.
Revealing the Molecular Mechanism of Sageretia theezans in the Treatment of Hemorrhoids based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Ji Xiang , Huang Jian , Li Zhaopeng , Luan Xiao , Bai Song , Zhu Zhu 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Sageretia theezans is one of the classic medicines in ancient times, which
is commonly used to treat scabies, lacquer sores, acute and chronic pharyngitis, Tonsillitis,
Cholecystitis, secondary infection of hemorrhoids, and other symptoms. However, the potential
molecular mechanism of Sageretia theezans is still unclear. In this study, we explored the active
compounds of Sageretia theezans in the treatment of hemorrhoids (HD), predicted the potential
targets of drugs, and verified their functions through network pharmacology and in vivo and in
vitro experiments.

Methods:
First, we identified the active compounds and key targets of Sageretia theezans in
treating HD through network pharmacology. The key signaling pathways related to the role of
Sageretia theezans were analyzed. HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to
study the function of Sageretia theezans and its target in vitro. In addition, we also used the SD
rat hemorrhoid model to explore the efficacy of Sageretia theezans in HD in vivo.

Result:
A total of 159 drug targets were obtained from the TCMSP, ETCM, and PubChem databases.
Constructing a drug component target network; differential analysis using sequencing data
identified 1046 differentially expressed genes. Intersecting drug targets and differentially expressed
genes obtained four intersection targets (GOT1, SLC25A10, SUCLG1, CLEC4E). Perform
single gene GSEA functional enrichment analysis on intersection targets, select KEGG and
GO of the top 10 for display, and merge the results. In order to investigate the interaction between
intersecting genes and differentially expressed genes, we conducted a PPI protein interaction
analysis on 1046 differentially expressed genes. Finally, a network of Chinese medicine active
molecule intersection genes was proposed, and the genes and their corresponding active
molecules (Successful acid, Taraxerone, Taraxerol) were Macromolecular docking, respectively.
The results showed that these four genes could be successfully docked with the responsive active
molecules and had high binding affinity. In vivo, the low-dose treatment group of Sageretia
theezans, the medium-dose treatment group of Sageretia theezans, and the high-dose treatment
group of Bromelia can inhibit the proliferation of HUVECs cells. In vitro, the middle dose of
Sageretia theezans has the best therapeutic effect on hemorrhoids, and the treatment of Sageretia
theezans on hemorrhoids is correlated with the expression of GOT1, SLC25A10, SUCLG1, and
CLEC4E.

Conclusion:
To sum up, Sageretia theezans can alleviate the symptoms of hemorrhoids and is
related to the expression of GOT1, SLC25A10, SUCLG1, and CLEC4E.
Effects and Mechanism of Morinda Officinalis How on Metabolism-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Chen Long , Jiang Xiaohua , Liu Hui , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2024

Aims:
This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of Morinda Officinalis
How (MOH), a lianoid shrub with potential therapeutic properties, on Metabolism-
Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to construct a MOH-MAFLD network prediction
model and explore the effect of MOH on MAFLD and its underlying mechanism in vivo.

Methods:
Screening of MAFLD targets was performed using the DisGeNET database. Venny
database was used to establish the MOH-MAFLD interaction network map, while the STRING
database was applied to assess the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. The central target
gene was screened using Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway.

Results:
GO function enrichment analysis revealed that MOH affected MAFLD through apoptosis
and estrogen-related pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment and PPI network analysis indicated
that MOH might mitigate MAFLD by reducing apoptosis and improving lipid metabolism.
Additionally, 6 weeks of MOH treatment in rats decreased caspase-3 levels and increased Bcl-2,
Estrogen receptor α(Esr1), and JUN proteins, thus ameliorating MAFLD progression.

Conclusion:
MOH could delay the progression of MAFLD by affecting estrogen-related pathways,
reducing cell stress, and inhibiting apoptosis.
How to Develop an Online Video for Teaching Health Procedural Skills: Tutorial for Health Educators New to Video Production
Authors: Srinivasa Komal , Charlton Amanda , Moir Fiona , Goodyear-Smith Felicity 
Published: June 2024

Background
Clinician educators are experts in procedural skills that students need to learn. Some clinician educators are interested in creating their own procedural videos but are typically not experts in video production, and there is limited information on this topic in the clinical education literature. Therefore, we present a tutorial for clinician educators to develop a procedural video.

Objective
We describe the steps needed to develop a medical procedural video from the perspective of a clinician educator new to creating videos, informed by best practices as evidenced by the literature. We also produce a checklist of elements that ensure a quality video. Finally, we identify the barriers and facilitators to making such a video.

Methods
We used the example of processing a piece of skeletal muscle in a pathology laboratory to make a video. We developed the video by dividing it into 3 phases: preproduction, production, and postproduction. After writing the learning outcomes, we created a storyboard and script, which were validated by subject matter and audiovisual experts. Photos and videos were captured on a digital camera mounted on a monopod. Video editing software was used to sequence the video clips and photos, insert text and audio narration, and generate closed captions. The finished video was uploaded to YouTube (Google) and then inserted into open-source authoring software to enable an interactive quiz.

Results
The final video was 4 minutes and 4 seconds long and took 70 hours to create. The final video included audio narration, closed captioning, bookmarks, and an interactive quiz. We identified that an effective video has six key factors: (1) clear learning outcomes, (2) being engaging, (3) being learner-centric, (4) incorporating principles of multimedia learning, (5) incorporating adult learning theories, and (6) being of high audiovisual quality. To ensure educational quality, we developed a checklist of elements that educators can use to develop a video. One of the barriers to creating procedural videos for a clinician educator who is new to making videos is the significant time commitment to build videography and editing skills. The facilitators for developing an online video include creating a community of practice and repeated skill-building rehearsals using simulations.

Conclusions
We outlined the steps in procedural video production and developed a checklist of quality elements. These steps and the checklist can guide a clinician educator in creating a quality video while recognizing the time, technical, and cognitive requirements.
PENGEMBANGAN LKS BERBASIS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) PADA MATERI FLUIDA DINAMIS
Authors: Muliani Muliani , Novita Nanda , Saputra Rahmat , Retnowulan Sri Rahayu , Ratno Suyit 
Published: June 2024

Lembar kerja siswa (LKS) merupakan media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan dan aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun LKS yang selama ini digunakan belum mengarahkan siswa untuk mengintegrasikan konsep science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) pada proses pembelajaran sehingga tujuan pembelajaran belum tercapai. Penelitian iini bertujuaniiuntuk mengetahui kelayakan, daya tarik dani kemudahan LKS berbasisiSTEMiipada materi fluida dinamis dan mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis STEM pada materi fluida dinamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar uji validitas materi, lembar uji validitas oleh ahli media, lembar angket kelayakan, kemudahan, kemenarikan oleh guru. Lembar angket respon siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis STEM. Berdasarkan hasili penelitiani menunjukkanibahwa LKSiberbasis STEM layak digunakan dengan imemperoleh nilaii persentaseisebesar 82,38% denganikriteriaisangatilayak. Hasiliuji cobairespon siswa terhadap LKS STEM pada materi fluida dinamis yang telah dikembangkan menunjukkanibahwa padaiuji coba produk persentase responisiswaiterhadapipenggunaan LKS berbasis STEM pada materi fluida dinamis sebesar 90,55% dengan sangat kriteria baik, pada uji coba penggunaan persentase respon siswa terhadap penggunaan LKS berbasis STEM pada materi fluida dinamis sebesar 84,85% dengan kriteria sangat baik.
A lateral approach allows accurate and stable total elbow replacement in dogs
Authors: Woody Lindsey R. , Guiot Laurent P. , Garcia Tanya C. , Hudson Caleb C. , Sadowitz Mitch , Marcellin-Little Denis J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate whether total elbow replacement (TER) through a lateral approach is accurate and stable.

ANIMALS
12 skeletally mature large-breed dog cadavers were used.

METHODS
Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, and collateral ligament laxity were evaluated preoperatively. The order of surgery (left or right) and the approach (lateral or medial) were randomly selected for TER in each dog. The other approach was used in the contralateral elbow. Intraoperative technical difficulties, duration of surgery, and anatomic complications were recorded. Limb alignment, elbow joint motion, collateral ligament laxity, and prosthetic component alignment were evaluated after surgery. Data were collected from June 11 to 15, 2023.

RESULTS
The duration of surgery using a lateral or medial approach did not differ (P = .499). Anatomic complications were not observed. The lateral approach resulted in 8° more elbow extension (P = .003), 1.58° less lateral collateral ligament constraint (P = .033), 2.80° less medial collateral ligament constraint (P = .002), 4.38° less frontal plane constraint (P = .004), 8° greater humeral component inclination (P = .033), and 5.6° greater radioulnar component varus (P = .001) than the medial approach. Varus of the radius, mechanical axis deviation, limb supination, elbow flexion, mediolateral humeral component and craniocaudal radioulnar component orientation did not differ among joints operated using a lateral or medial approach. In normal cadaveric elbows, a lateral approach for TER appears feasible, producing equivalent limb alignment, joint laxity, and joint motion to normal elbows and to TER placed using a medial approach.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In dogs, TER can be performed using a lateral surgical approach.
An Approach to Hopfield Network-Based Energy-Efficient RFID Network Planning
Authors: Hoa Le Van , Tung Nguyen Van , Nhat Vo Viet Minh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) Network Planning (RNP) is the problem of placing RFID readers in a working area where a tag is interrogated by at least one reader and at the same time satisfies some constraints such as minimum number of placed readers, minimal interference, and minimal outside coverage. The RNP optimization has been proven NP-hard; thus, natural-inspired approaches are often used to find the optimal solution. The paper proposes an energy-efficient RNP approach in which the positions of placed readers are optimized by a Hopfield network, and the energy efficiency is achieved through a placement area restriction technique. A mechanism of redundant reader elimination is also added to minimize the number of placed readers. Simulation results show that the Hopfield network-based energy-efficient RNP approach achieves the maximum tag coverage and energy efficiency by reducing interference, outside coverage, and the number of placed readers.