bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridization Processes in Putative Hybrid Swarms of Scots Pine and Mountain Dwarf Pine as Revealed by Chloroplast DNA
Authors: Kormutak Andrej , Brana Martina , Manka Peter , Galgoci Martin , Libantova Jana , Camek Vladimir , Bolecek Peter , Gömöry Dusan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Gene flow among individual trees of Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo putative hybrid swarms in Slovakia was fol-lowed at four localities using the species-diagnostic cpDNA trnV-trnH/Hinf I restriction profile. Variable proportions of P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes were revealed among the sampled localities. Low between-habitus consistency of the trees and their cpDNA haplotypes indicates the hybrid nature of the swarms. Molecular analy-sis based on mutual comparison of the haplotypes of a given tree and its embryos suggests direct and recipro-cal hybridization between trees of the P. sylvestris and P. mugo haplotypes. Besides conspecific embryos resulting from hybridization of trees with the same haplotype (P. sylvestris × P. sylvestris and P. mugo × P. mugo), hybrid embryos of P. sylvestris × P. mugo (8.03%) and P. mugo × P. sylvestris (11.50%) were also detected in open-pollinated offspring. The results are discussed from the standpoint of primary and introgressive hybridization between the parental species.
Statistical Methods Use in Small Enterprises: Relation to Performance
Authors: Dumičić Ksenija , Bregar Lea , Žmuk Berislav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: There are several factors that lead to an improved level of competitiveness and increased net income of enterprises. Previous studies have shown that an appropriate use of statistical methods has positive effects on the level of competitiveness and on enterprises’ net income in general. Objectives: This study analyses the statistical methods use in Croatian small enterprises. The goal of this research is to establish whether most Croatian small enterprises use statistical methods and whether the enterprises that use statistical methods on average have greater net income than the enterprises that do not use statistical methods.
Methods/Approach: A web survey was conducted on the sample of 631 small enterprises in Croatia in 2012. In the analysis a complex survey design was taken into account. Results: The results have shown that in most Croatian small enterprises statistical methods are not used. The enterprises that use statistical methods on average have greater net income than the enterprises that do not use them.
Conclusions: The results suggest that even though the use of statistical methods in small enterprises leads to higher net income, they are not used in the majority of Croatian small enterprises. If Croatian small enterprises want to succeed on the demanding European Union’s market they should consider using statistical methods in their business.
A participatory framework to assess multifunctional land-use systems with multicriteria and multivariate analyses: A case study on agrobiodiversity of agroforestry systems in Tomé Açú, Brazil
Authors: Callo-Concha Daniel , Denich Manfred 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn a participatory framework, the multifunctionality of agroforestry systems was assessed by applying multicriteria and multivariate analyses to identify ecological, agronomic and administrative proxies and integrate these into factors, and evaluate their effects on system performance. The assessment framework was tested in 70 farms in the municipality of Tomé-Açú in the Brazilian Amazon, an area well known for its long-standing practice of agroforestry. The overall goal was to identify management decisions that ensure sustainable production of goods together with the provision of ecosystem services, with special emphasis on agrobiodiversity. Three groups of farmers were considered based on their period of settlement, property size, technological know-how, organization and access to the market. The results show that the determinant factors of multifunctional farming are the farmers’ technical qualification, good adaptability, environmental commitment and the search for financial profitability. However, the optimization of these factors leads to trade-offs such as a decrease in biomass and woody species diversity and the decline of by-product production. By considering stakeholders’ opinions and being adaptable to various demands, the proposed framework enhances the legitimacy of the results, and supports both the assessment of complex issues and decision-making.
Shades of Greening: Reviewing the Impact of the new EU Agricultural Policy on Ecosystem Services
Authors: Hauck Jennifer , Schleyer Christian , Winkler Klara J. , Maes Joachim 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn December 2013, the EU Agriculture and Fisheries Council formally adopted the new regulations for the reformed Common Agricultural Policy (2014-2020). The new regulations include three obligatory greening measures: ecological focus areas, maintaining permanent grassland, and crop diversification. We assess the impact of these measures on ecosystem services using scientific and gray literature. The literature review reveals that the adopted greening measures will have mixed effects, i.e., trade-offs and synergies across ecosystems services. Provisioning services, in particular crop production, are expected to decrease when the measures are implemented. All other service categories, i.e., regulating and cultural services, will increase – or are at least will not obviously be negatively affected – once the measures are implemented. However, in terms of tradeoffs and synergies, much depends on objectives being pursued, the baseline or alternative land use underlying the comparison, and on the prevalent farming systems and farm characteristics. Including the ecosystem services concept into the design and assessment of policies would allow a systematic review of the consequences of measures also for services otherwise easily ignored.
A systematic approach to assess human wellbeing demonstrated for impacts of climate change
Authors: Lissner Tabea K. , Reusser Dominik E. , Lakes Tobia , Kropp Jürgen P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClimate change impacts will affect many important societal sectors, with potential negative consequences for human well-being and livelihoods, however an integrated and systematic measure to assess the state of livelihood conditions in this context is not available. At the same time, human livelihoods and wellbeing are an important part of (social) sustainability. Yet, aspects of human needs and well-being within assessments of sustainability are criticised for being arbitrary and incomplete. This paper presents a systematic approach to assess Adequate Human livelihood conditions for wEll-being And Development (AHEAD) on a regional to global scale. Based on an interdisciplinary literature review, we first select a consistent set of elements that allow to describe and quantify well-being and livelihoods. In a second step, we analyze documented associations between the elements to outline climate impact pathways and indirect effects of changes in single system components, using an influence matrix. The novel approach provides an important first step to point towards climate change adaptation measures, which most effectively increase human well-being, while identifying potential unintended side-effects. Even though there are some limitations to assessing well-being and livelihoods on a global scale, a consistent measure of AHEAD is of utmost importance for future sustainability and climate impact analyses.
Frequency up-conversion in Lasing Without Inversion
Authors: Davuluri Sankar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt is well known that in a three-level lambda system, spontaneous emission decay rate on the lasing transition must be smaller than or equal to the decay rate on the driving transition in order to observe LWI. Since spontaneous emission rate is proportional to cube of the corresponding transition frequency, satisfying the above condition requires the frequency of lasing transition to be smaller than the driving transitions frequency. In other words, according to this condition, frequency upconversion is not possible with LWI. The main theme of this article is to suggest the possibilty of frequency upconversion in LWI by overcoming the condition described above.
Analysis of Runway Deflectometer Campaign for Implementation on Airport Pavement Management System
Authors: Pigozzi Franco , Portas Silvia , Maltinti Francesca , Coni Mauro 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The load-carrying capacity, is one of the indicators used to assess airfield pavement conditions. It could be estimated by evaluating the response of stationary dynamic loads, using a deflectometric device that simulates the stress inducted by an aircraft moving at moderate speed. This device is widely used because tests are nondestructive and rapid to execute and can be conducted for cyclic investigations, providing valuable support to maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decision makers through pavement management system (PMS). Pavement response is evaluated as a function of the deflection basin induced by the deflectometric device. It is well known that deflectometric measurements are influenced by external parameters such as weather conditions, especially temperature of upper layers or the percentage of water contained on unbounded layers. In this study the deflections basin response obtained for different load and weather conditions has been analyzed through the application of benchmarking values for immediately structural assessments. Tests were performed using the Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) on 9 points along five longitudinal alignments from the centerline, 0.00 m, ± 3.00 m, and ± 5.20 m. The benchmarking methodology was used to evaluate and compare runway pavement performance under different weather conditions and testing loads. The applied benchmarking methodology resulted an easy and rapid assessment tool of pavement conditions at network-level.
Correlations Between Aggregate Particle Shape Parameters and Size Based on Images Captured Using a 3-D Laser Scanning Device
Authors: Mgangira Martin B. , Komba Julius 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Three dimensional (3-D) laser scanning has recently proved to be an ideal technique for quantifying aggregate particle shape parameters. This is because 3-D laser scanners measure fine details and capture free-form shapes. This paper presents some results of an on-going study, which utilises 3-D laser scanning technology to quantify aggregate shape parameters. Specific correlations and shape parameters have been considered. The results have shown that meaningful correlations exist between 3-D sphericity and aspect ratio as well as between specific surface area and the particle diameter as defined in this paper. The results of the current study are consistent with generally accepted relationships between shape parameters and particle size, further validating the application of the 3-D laser scanning technology
Site Trials of Recycled and Secondary Aggregates in Concrete and Concrete Blocks in Qatar
Authors: Hassan K. E. , Kuwari M. S. , Reid J. M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A major construction programme is underway in Qatar. A shortage of local aggregate is focusing attention on the use of recycled and secondary aggregates. Site trials using locally available materials in structural concrete and concrete blocks were carried out in three small buildings. By far the largest source of recycled and secondary aggregates in Qatar is construction, demolition and excavation waste, which is generally crudely separated into excavation waste (EW) and construction/demolition waste (CDW). The other material investigated was incinerator bottom ash (IBA). The EW was used to replace 50% of the coarse aggregate in structural C40 concrete, with the CDW replacing 50% and IBA 20% of the coarse aggregate in non-load bearing concrete blocks. The control was 100% imported gabbro coarse aggregate. The trials also incorporated replacement of 60% of the local washed sand with imported crushed rock fines; this was investigated because the reserves of suitable concrete sand in Qatar are limited. Results after one year show the materials giving equivalent or better performance than the primary aggregate controls. The Qatar Construction Specification will be updated to permit greater use of recycled and secondary aggregates (RSA) and further trials are planned in a range of applications, including unbound subbase and pavement concrete. Wider use of these materials will reduce reliance on imported aggregates. The site trials won an award for the most innovative project from the Qatar Contractors Forum 2013.
Surface Treatment of Sonotrode Material Aw 7075
Authors: Emmer Štefan , Baksa Peter , Kováčik Jaroslav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Electro spark deposited TiB2 functional layer and composite functional layers Ni-TiB2 and INC713LC-TiB2 on the aluminium alloy substrate AW 7075 were evaluated with respect to achieved microhardness, roughness, and microstructure. The thicknesses of the layers were observed in the range of 30 to 50 microns. Hardness of the layers (HV) is several times higher than the hardness of the aluminium alloy substrate AW 7075.
Non-Standard Gearing as the Possibility of Increasing Resistance to Pitting
Authors: Kopiláková Beáta , Bošanský Miroslav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this article are shown the influence of the type non-standard gearing to reduce damage to the pitting. The introduction of the article describes a fundamental difference between the involute and non-involute gearing and the influence of some parameters, especially of the slip ratio to damage of gearing. The paper describes the principle of evaluation pitting by makrofoto graphical method, too and also shows the basic results of the experiment, which was executed on two types of gearing (HCR gearing and C-C gearing) on the Niemann´s stend in term of the damage to pitting.
Control of Groundwater Remediation Process as Distributed Parameter System
Authors: Mendel M. , Kovács T. , Hulkó G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Pollution of groundwater requires the implementation of appropriate solutions which can be deployed for several years. The case of local groundwater contamination and its subsequent spread may result in contamination of drinking water sources or other disasters. This publication aims to design and demonstrate control of pumping wells for a model task of groundwater remediation. The task consists of appropriately spaced soil with input parameters, pumping wells and control system. Model of controlled system is made in the program MODFLOW using the finitedifference method as distributed parameter system. Control problem is solved by DPS Blockset for MATLAB & Simulink.
Utilization of En Ac-42100 Cast Aluminum Alloy for Casting of Critical Components. I. Preparation and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Vanko Branislav , Stanček Ladislav , Bachratý Michal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Requirement on the minimum value of elongation for critical components is about 15 %. The research deals with the possibility of replacing the dendritic morphology of primary solid solution and brittle eutectic silicon plates with finer particles with a more suitable morphology and size, and the possibility of increasing the mechanical properties. Introduced first part is focused on the process of preparation of experimental material and mechanical properties.
Research of Readability and Identification of the Items in the Postal and Logistics Environment
Authors: Kolarovszki Peter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article deals with RFID technology, which is a part of automatic identification and data capture. Nowadays, the identification of parcels in postal sector is carried through barcodes. In this article we would like specify, how can be postal parcels located in postal container identified in the transmission process of postal main processing centre by UHF RFID technology. All results are verified by measurement in our AIDC laboratory, which is located at the University of Žilina. Our research contains 12 different types of orientation tags and antennas and more than 1000 tests. Our identification performance was close to 100%. All tested parcels were located in postal container. The results of our research bring the new point of view and indicate the ways using of UHF RFID technology in postal applications. At the end of this article the utilization of the RFID technology in postal logistics chain is characterized.
Dipole Approximation in the Calculation of the Perturbed Velocities
Authors: Solovyov Oleg , Yeryomenko Sergey , Kobrin Vitaliy , Vorobyov Yuriy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this article we consider one of the approaches aimed at reducing time of calculation of aerodynamic characteristics of the studied objects using discrete vortex method. Also, accuracy assessment of calculation of aerodynamic characteristics was performed.
Analysis of the obtained dependences allows us to make a conclusion that the considered approach to the calculation of the functions of the mutual influence on the stages of formation of the system of linear algebraic equations, position of vortex sheet nodes as well as aerodynamic loads reduces hardware costs about three times, with a relative error of less than 4%.
Use of a Phase Transition Concept for Traffic Flow Condition Estimation
Authors: Larin Oleg N. , Dosenko Victor A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The article covers the main models of traffic flow conditions, analyzes the condition estimation criteria, and provides the classification of models. The article provides the grounds for the use of the phase transition concept for traffic flow condition estimation. The models of the aggregate condition of free and congested traffic have been developed, the phase boundaries between free and congested traffic have been defined. Applicability conditions for the models of the aggregate condition of have been analyzed.
Integrated Risk Management in Industries from the Standpoint of Safety and Security
Authors: Bischoff Hans-Jürgen , Sinay Juraj , Vargová Slavomíra 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Manufacturing plants as well as robotic cells within their structures are complex systems, whose safety requires implementation of a wide ranging set of activities. These activities are mainly focused on risk minimization, with the aim of achieving acceptable levels of risk by means of appropriate measures. The human being, as a constituent of the man-machine-environment system, is in the centre of their attention. At the organizational level, risk management has to be integrated with strategic planning and managerial processes in the organization. This includes, inter alia, the need to effectively monitor and review the risk management processes. Comprehensive approach within the risk management process is based on interconnecting safety and security-related processes in the form of a generic approach.
Study on Flow Characteristics of in-Line Foam Concentrate Inducers Used in Fire Protection Area
Authors: Drzymała Tomasz , Gałaj Jerzy , Binio Joanna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Research on flow characteristics of selected in-line foam concentrate inducers used currently in fire protection and its comparison with standard requirements are discussed in the paper. On the basis of the studies carried out either theoretical or real characteristics of tested devices are presented. A comparative analysis of the tested ejectors and the final conclusions are included at the end of the paper.
Trends in Critical Infrastructure Protection in Germany
Authors: Eismann Christine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Critical Infrastructures failures cause harmful consequences to the population, because they disrupt the supply of necessary goods and services. The failures pose an indirect threat, as they will regularly be triggered by natural hazards, technical failure/human error or intentional acts. In the risk analyses on the national level in Germany, Critical Infrastructure failures are qualitatively described to estimate their impacts on society. Critical Infrastructure Protection is seen as a joint task of many different stakeholders. Rules and regulations with different degrees of compulsion build the framework for their cooperation, and a strategy is in place that promotes the trustful exchange of information among all the relevant stakeholders. The most important stakeholder groups are public authorities, infrastructure operators, and the population. An example is given on how a joint risk management of public authorities and infrastructure operators may be performed, and the cooperation of public authorities and the population is discussed. As Civil Protection covers the entire risk and crisis management cycle with its phases prevention, preparedness, response and recovery, the article ends with examples of the support, which the German Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance and the Federal Ministry of the Interior offer for other stakeholders in order to achieve well-protected infrastructures and, in consequence, well-protected citizens.
Industrial Safety - Public Demand and an Answer of Bam the Federal German Institute for Materials Research and Testing
Authors: Lexow Jürgen 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Safe industrial operation is expected by the public. It contributes to a clean environment, innovation and prosperity. BAM the Federal German Institute for Materials Research and Testing has its responsibility in further developing safety in technology and chemistry by research, testing and expert advice. The basic reasoning for this activity and examples of current work are provided. Particular attention is given to the unique BAM Test site Technical Safety. Acceptance of findings and transfer of results are based on collaboration and exchange of personal. Modes of cooperation are described.
Characteristics of Handwriting of People With Cerebellar Ataxia: Three-Dimensional Movement Analysis of the Pen Tip, Finger, and Wrist
Authors: Fujisawa Yuhki , Okajima Yasutomo 
Published: May 2015

Background
There are several functional tests for evaluating manual performance; however, quantitative manual tests for ataxia, especially those for evaluating handwriting, are limited.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cerebellar ataxia by analyzing handwriting, with a special emphasis on correlation between the movement of the pen tip and the movement of the finger or wrist.

Design
This was an observational study.

Methods
Eleven people who were right-handed and had cerebellar ataxia and 17 people to serve as controls were recruited. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was used to grade the severity of ataxia. Handwriting movements of both hands were analyzed. The time required for writing a character, the variability of individual handwriting, and the correlation between the movement of the pen tip and the movement of the finger or wrist were evaluated for participants with ataxia and control participants.

Results
The writing time was longer and the velocity profile and shape of the track of movement of the pen tip were more variable in participants with ataxia than in control participants. For participants with ataxia, the direction of movement of the pen tip deviated more from that of the finger or wrist, and the shape of the track of movement of the pen tip differed more from that of the finger or wrist. The severity of upper extremity ataxia measured with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was mostly correlated with the variability parameters. Furthermore, it was correlated with the directional deviation of the trajectory of movement of the pen tip from that of the finger and with increased dissimilarity of the shapes of the tracks.

Limitations
The results may have been influenced by the scale and parameters used to measure movement.

Conclusions
Ataxic handwriting with increased movement noise is characterized by irregular pen tip movements unconstrained by the finger or wrist. The severity of ataxia is correlated with these unconstrained movements.