bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocatalytic reduction of carboxylic acids
Authors: Napora‐Wijata Kamila , Strohmeier Gernot A. , Winkler Margit 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn increasing demand for non‐petroleum‐based products is envisaged in the near future. Carboxylic acids such as citric acid, succinic acid, fatty acids, and many others are available in abundance from renewable resources and they could serve as economic precursors for bio‐based products such as polymers, aldehyde building blocks, and alcohols. However, we are confronted with the problem that carboxylic acid reduction requires a high level of energy for activation due to the carboxylate's thermodynamic stability. Catalytic processes are scarce and often their chemoselectivity is insufficient. This review points at bio‐alternatives: currently known enzyme classes and organisms that catalyze the reduction of carboxylic acids are summarized. Two totally distinct biocatalyst lines have evolved to catalyze the same reaction: aldehyde oxidoreductases from anaerobic bacteria and archea, and carboxylate reductases from aerobic sources such as bacteria, fungi, and plants. The majority of these enzymes remain to be identified and isolated from their natural background in order to evaluate their potential as industrial biocatalysts.
Angiomodulin, a marker of cancer vasculature, is upregulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and increases vascular permeability as a ligand of integrin αvβ3
Authors: Komiya Eriko , Sato Hiroki , Watanabe Naoko , Ise Marii , Higashi Shouichi , Miyagi Yohei , Miyazaki Kaoru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAngiomodulin (AGM) is a member of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) superfamily and often called IGFBP‐rP1 or IGFBP‐7. AGM was originally identified as a tumor‐derived cell adhesion factor, which was highly accumulated in blood vessels of human cancer tissues. AGM is also overexpressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and activates fibroblasts. However, some studies have shown tumor‐suppressing activity of AGM. To understand the roles of AGM in cancer progression, we here investigated the expression of AGM in benign and invasive breast cancers and its functions in cancer vasculature. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that AGM was highly expressed in cancer vasculature even in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as compared to normal vasculature, while its expression in CAFs was more prominent in invasive carcinomas than DCIS. In vitro analyses showed that AGM was strongly induced by vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in vascular endothelial cells. Although AGM stimulated neither the growth nor migration of endothelial cells, it supported efficient adhesion of endothelial cells. Integrin αvβ3 was identified as a novel major receptor for AGM in vascular endothelial cells. AGM retracted endothelial cells by inducing actin stress fibers and loosened their VE‐cadherin‐mediated intercellular junction. Consequently, AGM increased vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AGM and integrin αvβ3 were highly expressed and colocalized in cancer vasculature. These results suggest that AGM cooperates with VEGF to induce the aberrant functions of cancer vasculature as a ligand of integrin αvβ3.
Outcomes after 90Yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan‐BEAM in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Auger‐Quittet Sophie , Duny Yohan , Daures Jean‐Pierre , Quittet Philipe 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigh‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are chemosensitive. The combination of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) is commonly used as a conditioning regimen. The addition of yttrium‐90 (90Y)‐ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin®) to BEAM (Z‐BEAM) is increasingly being used to improve outcomes and overcome refractory disease. We conducted a literature review and meta‐analysis in order to evaluate the clinical effects of Z‐BEAM followed by ASCT in patients with DLBCL. A literature search was conducted for randomized controlled trials and observational studies of Z‐BEAM as a conditioning regimen for ASCT in adult patients with DLBCL. Extracted data included baseline patient demographics, overall response (ORR), complete response (CR), overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), nonrelapse mortality (NRM), median time to ANC and platelet engraftment, and rate of myelodysplastic syndrome. Mixed‐effects models were used to determine estimates. Ten studies (N = 328) were included in the meta‐analysis. The 2‐year OS and PFS were 84.5% (n = 328) and 67.2% (n = 285), respectively. Outcomes were superior in patients with nontransformed lymphoma. Posttransplant, ORR and CR rates were 72.6% and 68.5%, respectively. The NRM rate was 6.3% and the incidence rate of myelodysplastic syndrome was 2.5%. Two‐year OS was significantly associated with pretransplant ORR (P = 0.008, τ2 = 0). There was no significant association between PFS and pretransplant response. Z‐BEAM is safe and effective as a conditioning regimen in relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
Environmental scan of anal cancer screening practices: worldwide survey results
Authors: Patel Jigisha , Salit Irving E. , Berry Michael J. , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Nathan Mayura , Fishman Fred , Palefsky Joel , Tinmouth Jill 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnal squamous cell carcinoma is rare in the general population but certain populations, such as persons with HIV, are at increased risk. High‐risk populations can be screened for anal cancer using strategies similar to those used for cervical cancer. However, little is known about the use of such screening practices across jurisdictions. Data were collected using an online survey. Health care professionals currently providing anal cancer screening services were invited to complete the survey via email and/or fax. Information was collected on populations screened, services and treatments offered, and personnel. Over 300 invitations were sent; 82 providers from 80 clinics around the world completed the survey. Fourteen clinics have each examined more than 1000 patients. Over a third of clinics do not restrict access to screening; in the rest, eligibility is most commonly based on HIV status and abnormal anal cytology results. Fifty‐three percent of clinics require abnormal anal cytology prior to performing high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA) in asymptomatic patients. Almost all clinics offer both anal cytology and HRA. Internal high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is most often treated with infrared coagulation (61%), whereas external high‐grade AIN is most commonly treated with imiquimod (49%). Most procedures are performed by physicians, followed by nurse practitioners. Our study is the first description of global anal cancer screening practices. Our findings may be used to inform practice and health policy in jurisdictions considering anal cancer screening.
Filicide and Parental Separation and Divorce
Authors: Brown Thea , Tyson Danielle , Arias Paula Fernandez 
Published: April 2014

This paper discusses the findings of a ten‐year study of filicide in Victoria, Australia, using the data from selected case files held in the Victorian coroner's office for the period 2000–09. The study sought to examine whether separation is a factor in filicide cases, as well as the role of other factors, such as domestic violence and mental illness. Also, the study sought to identify whether filicide perpetrators had contact with support services, including family and friends, general practitioners, mental health services and child protection services, in order to ascertain how these services might more appropriately identify those families most at risk prior to the filicide.The study found that while separation was a factor identified in a significant number of cases, more cases analysed showed evidence of mental illness, mainly depression. These findings suggest the need for improved strategies in preventing filicide by identifying risk factors and improving service responses for victims prior to these tragic events. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘While separation was a factor identified in a significant number of cases, more cases analysed showed evidence of mental illness, mainly depression’Key Practitioner Messages:Filicide is uncommon but does occur.Perpetrators fall into three main groups and a different scenario is associated with each group.Associated (risk) factors were found to be mental illness (especially depression), separation, domestic violence and substance abuse.Any client/patient with mental illness and partner separation should be probed for thoughts of harm.Engagement with services is a protective factor.
Inhibition of ASICs reduces rat hepatic stellate cells activity and liver fibrosis: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Pan Chun‐xiao , Wu Fan‐rong , Wang Xiao‐yu , Tang Jie , Gao Wen‐fan , Ge Jin‐fang , Chen Fei‐hu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHepatic fibrosis is a chronic inflammation‐associated disease, which is involved in the infiltration of inflammatory cells and releasing of proinflammatory cytokines. In the pathological process, protons are released by damaged cells and acidosis is considered to play a critical role in cell injury. Although the underlying mechanism (s) remain ill‐defined, ASICs (acid‐sensing ion channels) are assumed to be involved in this process. The diuretic, amiloride, is neuroprotective in models of cerebral ischemia, a property attributable to the inhibition of central ASICs by the drug. However, the effect of inhibition of ASICs by amiloride in the liver fibrotic process remains unclear. We found that amiloride (25, 50, or 100 μM) could restrain acid‐induced HSCs at pH6 in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that amiloride could significantly alleviate liver injury, decreasing levels of profibrogenic cytokines, collagen deposition, and reducing pathological tissue damage. In summary, amiloride inhibits hepatic fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, which is probably associated with the downregulation of ASICs.
Prevalence and impact of preoperative moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation on patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Barbanti Marco , Binder Ronald K. , Dvir Danny , Tan John , Freeman Melanie , Thompson Christopher R. , Cheung Anson , Wood David A. , Leipsic Jonathon , Webb John G. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesSignificant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a marker for late‐stage myocardial and valvular heart disease. Whether preoperative TR affects clinical outcomes of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has never been investigated. This study sought to identify the impact of moderate and severe TR on outcomes after TAVR.MethodsAll patients undergoing TAVR from January 2007 to August 2012 at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada, (n = 518) were dichotomized according to the severity of preoperative TR (moderate/severe vs. none/mild). All clinical outcomes were defined according to the valve academic research consortium‐2 definitions.ResultsAt baseline, moderate or severe TR was reported in 79 patients (15.2%). At 30 days, moderate/severe TR had improved in 12 patients (15.2%), was unchanged in 46 patients (58.3%), and worsened in 7 patients (8.9%). Of those with none/mild TR at baseline, 35 (7.9%) patients had moderate TR at 30‐day follow‐up. Two‐year all‐cause (38.4% vs. 20.0%, Log‐rank test, P = 0.001) and cardiac mortality (12.9% vs. 4.6%, Log‐rank test, P = 0.004) as estimated by Kaplan‐Meier analysis were considerably higher in patients with significant TR. However, significant TR did not emerge as independent risk factor for 2‐year all‐cause mortality (adjusted OR: 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91–2.64, P = 0.105). Pre‐specified subgroups showed an interaction between TR and left ventricular systolic function (Pinteraction = 0.047). Indeed, moderate/severe TR was significantly related to mortality only in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 40% (adjusted OR: 2.01, CI: 1.05–3.84, P = 0.036). In patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, TR had no significant impact on all‐cause mortality (adjusted OR: 1.04, CI: 0.34–3.16, P = 0.946). No significant interactions were identified regarding patients with perioperative moderate/severe mitral regurgitation (Pinteraction = 0.829) and patients with baseline systolic pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 60 mm Hg (Pinteraction = 0.669).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing TAVR, significant preoperative TR was present in 15% of patients and associated with more comorbidities. Despite being associated with a doubling of mortality rate, after a robust adjustment, significant TR was not an independent predictor of 2‐year mortality. However, a significant interaction between TR and left ventricular systolic function was found. The response of TR to TAVR was extremely variable. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual‐Source Computed Tomography for Chronic Total Occlusion of Coronary Arteries
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Singh Navreet , Gulati Gurpreet S. , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian , Kumar Guresh , Sharma Sanjiv , Bahl Vinay K. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesWe compared dual‐source CT (DSCT) and conventional angiography (CA) in evaluation of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary arteries.BackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in CTO is technically difficult and has comparatively lower success rate than intervention in non‐occluded artery. Accurate assessment of lesion morphology is an important determinant of PCI success in CTO.MethodsNineteen symptomatic patients (18 men, age: 58.6 ± 10.6 years) with a CTO on CA were subjected to a DSCT (Definition, Siemens, Germany). Heart rate (HR) control was not performed. Dedicated post‐processing software was used for lesion analysis on both modalities. Presence of bridging collaterals, stump morphology, calcification, side branch, proximal tortuosity, occlusion length, distal vessel interpretability, and distal lesions were statistically compared.ResultsThere were 20 CTOs. HR during DSCT ranged from 53 to 131 bpm. Bridging collaterals were seen in 3/20 (15%) lesions on CA and in none on DSCT. Stump anatomy and side branch were identified equally well. Plaque calcification was identified in 5/20 (25%) lesions on CA and in 12/20 (60%) lesions on DSCT (P = 0.025). Nature and extent of calcification were better visualized on DSCT. No proximal tortuosity was noted. Distal vessel was better interpretable on DSCT (15/20; 75%) compared to CA (9/20; 45%) (P = 0.05). No significant difference in lesion length was noted.ConclusionDSCT performs as well as CA for most features of CTO. Avoidance of need to control HR, ability to better detect and characterize calcium and to interpret distal vessels make it a useful pre‐intervention investigation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Textural Structure on the Catalytic Performance of LaCoO3 for CO Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Ping , Zhu Junjiang , Li Hailong , Jiang Wen , Wang Tao , Zhu Yujun , Zhao Yanxi , Li Jinlin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBulk, supported, and porous perovskite LaCoO3 were prepared and their catalytic performances for CO oxidation were investigated. XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and N2 physisorption measurements were performed to identify their structure, and temperature‐programmed desorption of oxygen, temperature‐programmed reduction by hydrogen, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were conducted to study their physicochemical properties. With the change from bulk to nanoparticles and further to a porous structure, the series of LaCoO3 samples showed increased oxygen vacancies and improved oxidizing ability, which led to enhanced catalytic performances for CO oxidation. The correlation of the CO oxidation activity with the amount of exposed metal sites indicated that the Co ions should be the active site of the reaction. Comparison of the activation energy supported the changes observed in the activities.
Hybrid Nanocarbon as a Catalyst for Direct Dehydrogenation of Propane: Formation of an Active and Selective Core–Shell sp2/sp3Nanocomposite Structure
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Bingsen , Sun Xiaoying , Su Dangsheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHybrid nanocarbon, comprised of a diamond core and a graphitic shell with a variable sp2‐/sp3‐carbon ratio, is controllably obtained through sequential annealing treatment (550–1300 °C) of nanodiamond. The formation of sp2carbon increases with annealing temperature and the nanodiamond surface is reconstructed from amorphous into a well‐ordered, onion‐like carbon structure via an intermediate composite structure—a diamond core covered by a defective, curved graphene outer shell. Direct dehydrogenation of propane shows that the sp2‐/sp3‐nanocomposite exhibits superior catalytic performance to that of individual nanodiamond and graphitic nanocarbon. The optimum catalytic activity of the diamond/graphene composite depends on the maximum structural defectiveness and high chemical reactivity of the ketone groups. Ketone‐type functional groups anchored on the defects/vacancies are active for propene formation; nevertheless, once the oxygen functional groups are desorbed, the defects/vacancies alone might be active sites responsible for the CH bond activation of propane.
Synthesis and Elaboration of All‐cis‐1,2,4,5‐Tetrafluoro‐3‐Phenylcyclohexane: A Polar Cyclohexane Motif
Authors: Durie Alastair J. , Fujiwara Tomoya , Cormanich Rodrigo , Bühl Michael , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , O'Hagan David 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA stereocontrolled synthesis of all‐cis‐1,2,4,5‐ tetrafluoro‐3‐phenylcyclohexane is developed as the first functionalised example of this polar cyclohexane motif. The dipolar nature of the ring, arising due to two 1,3‐diaxial CF bonds, is revealed in the solid‐state (X‐ray) structure. The orthogonal conformation of the aryl and cyclohexyl rings in all‐cis‐1,2,4,5‐tetrafluoro‐3‐phenylcyclohexane, and in an ortho‐nitro derivative, result in intramolecular 1hJHF and 2hJCF NMR couplings relayed through hydrogen bonding. The aryl group of all‐cis‐1,2,4,5‐tetrafluoro‐3‐phenylcyclohexane is elaborated in different ways to demonstrate the versatility of this compound for delivering the motif to a range of molecular building blocks.
Dynamic Self‐Assembly of Polycationic Clusters Based on Cyclodextrins for pH‐Sensitive DNA Nanocondensation and Delivery by Component Design
Authors: Gallego‐Yerga Laura , González‐Álvarez M. José , Mayordomo Natalia , Santoyo‐González Francisco , Benito Juan M. , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Mendicuti Francisco , García Fernández José M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe ability of cyclodextrin‐based polycationic cluster to undergo reversible DNA condensation and release in a physiologically useful pH window has been finely tuned by the installation of a capping xylylene moiety at the secondary face of the cyclooligosaccharide. This strategy can be exploited advantageously in the design of self‐assembling nonviral gene‐delivery systems from molecular entities.
Metall‐Luft‐Batterien mit einer neuartigen Kohleelektrode
Authors: Klaus Maximilian , Hasselmann Martin , Rubner Isabel , Mößner Bernd , Oetken Marco 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObwohl Metall‐Luft‐Batterien schon relativ lange bekannt sind und kommerziell vertrieben werden, sind sie aktuell wieder stark im Fokus elektrochemischer Forschung. In der Technik wie auch bei der Realisierung in der Schulpraxis als Modellexperiment ist die Sauerstoff umsetzende Kathode häufig der neuralgische Punkt einer Metall‐Luft‐Batterie. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Selbstbau einer auf Aktivkohle basierenden „Sauerstoffelektrode“ vorgestellt, die in Kombination mit geeigneten Anodenmaterialien (Zink, Aluminium, Magnesium) zu äußerst leistungsfähigen Metall‐Luft‐Batterien führt. In einem demnächst erscheinenden Beitrag werden wir darüber hinaus aufzeigen, dass sich diese Elektrode auch hervorragend für eine (katalysatorfreie) Wasserstoffoxidation eignet und somit die Konstruktion einer low‐cost Brennstoffzelle ermöglicht.
Heater Meals – eine experimentelle Lernaufgabe zur Korrosion für die Sekundarstufe II
Authors: Böhm Andreas , von Borstel Gregor 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHeater Meals sind selbst erhitzende Mahlzeiten, zu deren Erwärmung die stark exotherme Reaktion von Magnesium in Salzwasser genutzt wird. Die aufgrund der Passivierung eigentlich gehemmt ablaufende Reaktion wird dadurch beschleunigt, dass dem Magnesium Eisen beigemischt ist und sich so bei Zugabe von Salzwasser ein Lokalelement bildet. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung eben dieser Reaktion im Inhaltsfeld Elektrochemie mit dem inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt Korrosion erfordert die sinnvolle Nutzung und Verknüpfung der Begriffe Passivierung, Lokalelement und Opferanode zur Erklärung eines einzigen Phänomens, bei dem die Korrosionsvorgänge im Übrigen nicht wie sonst zu verhindern gesucht, sondern im Gegenteil bewusst herbeigeführt werden. Neben der Erweiterung und Festigung des fachlichen Wissens werden mit dieser Lernaufgabe durch die entsprechende Aufgabenstellung schwerpunktmäßig Kompetenzen aus dem Bereich Kommunikation und hier vor allem der Recherche und der Präsentation eingeübt.
Receptor with an Active Methylene Group as Binding Site for Extraction of Inorganic Fluoride Ions from Seawater
Authors: Madhuprasad  , Trivedi Darshak R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo new receptors R1 and R2 based on triphenylphosphonium salts with an active methylene group as binding site have been designed and synthesised for the detection of F− ions. The detection limit of these receptors in organic media was found to be 0.2 ppm. Upon adding F− ions, a Δλmax of 188 nm and 256 nm was observed for receptors R1 and R2, respectively. The detection process followed deprotonation of the methylene proton, which has been confirmed by 1H NMR titration. The receptors were evaluated for real‐life applicability by extracting F− ions from aqueous media and seawater into organic media. Receptor R2 was able to extract F− ions from seawater with 99 % efficiency. The level of F− ions present in seawater has been quantified and found to be 1.4 ppm, which is comparable to the reported literature value.
DAMORD: an aggregation algorithm for mobile point source using rate‐distortion theory in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Aminian Mehdi , Sabaei Masoud , Akbari Mohammad K. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYBy rapid advances in the development of electronic components and with declining cost of sensor network deployment, we are witnessing the amazing growth of these networks. The energy consumption constraints have imposed the importance and necessity of new concepts such as data aggregation. In this paper, a new method is proposed for aggregating the data received from the mobile point source in a sensor network. In this method called DAMORD (Data Aggregation for Mobile Object using Rate‐Distortion), by using RD theory and considering spatial and temporal correlation, we can reduce the load of data transmitted to base station with considering the maximum distortion that can be tolerated by the user. To the best of our knowledge, nobody has yet used the RD theory for the data aggregation of mobile object in the sensor networks. A mathematical model followed by detailed model verification demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method under different conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.