bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of anesthesia and complications for children with Fraser syndrome: a review of 125 anesthetics
Authors: Mathers Jonathan D. , Breen Thomas M. , Smith Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectivesTo perform a retrospective, anesthesia case note review of patients with Fraser syndrome.AimTo identify the perioperative and postoperative anesthetic management and complications in this patient group.BackgroundFraser syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by cryptophthalmos, cutaneous syndactyly, and ambiguous genitalia. It also has variable association with cardiac, laryngeal, tracheal, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Children with Fraser syndrome present for a variety of surgical and radiological procedures, and there are a number of single case reports in the literature.MethodsA retrospective case note review was undertaken on 10 children with Fraser syndrome who presented to our institution over a 30‐year period. Analysis of the medical notes and general anesthetic records was undertaken, and the conduct of anesthesia, spectrum of disease, genetic markers, and perioperative complications were recorded. There were a total of 125 procedures performed under general anesthesia during this period.ResultsThere were a total of ten anesthetic complications in the review, all related to management of the airway. There were two accidental extubations, five recorded incidents of airway obstruction (which were relieved with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)) and one posttracheostomy airway bleed. One child was a difficult intubation requiring an ID 2.5 mm oral endotracheal tube (ETT), and one child was an impossible intubation that required an emergency tracheostomy to secure the airway.ConclusionsThere was a low incidence of complications with this group of patients. However, there is a relatively high incidence of difficult or impossible tracheal intubation (20%) due to glottic stenosis and one patient required an emergency tracheostomy despite no previous clinical evidence of airway narrowing.
The Impact of Nurses on Neglected Tropical Disease Management
Authors: Blood‐Siegfried Jane , Zeantoe G. Clinton , Evans Lauren J. , Bondo John , Forstner James R. , Wood Kathryn 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are largely endemic in the developing nations of Africa, Asia, and South and Central America, they are reemerging with increasing frequency in developed countries. Their diagnosis, treatment, and control are an increasing public health concern that requires a different awareness by health care providers. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are chronic infectious diseases which disproportionately burden poor, rural, and marginalized populations with significant mortality and high morbidity (disability, disfigurement, impaired childhood growth and cognitive development, increased vulnerability to coinfection) that reinforces their poverty. What can we learn from the nurses in developing countries already battling NTD's that could be useful in the developed world? This article provides an overview of distribution, pathophysiology, symptoms, and management of 13 NTDs, with particular attention to the role of nurses in delivering cost‐effective integrated interventions. Case studies of schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis address recognition and treatment of infected individuals in developed nations where NTD infection is limited primarily to immigrants and travelers.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with laser pretreatment for actinic keratosis and photorejuvenation as evaluated by fluorescent imaging
Authors: Kim Bo‐Kyung , Lee Noo Ri , Park Sang‐Yeon , Eom Minseob , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe Methylaminolevulinate‐photodynamic therapy (MAL‐PDT) has been reported to be effective in treating actinic keratosis (AK). Fluorescent images taken after topical MAL application have been used to diagnose cancerous lesions.ObjectivesWe evaluated therapeutic efficacy of MAL‐PDT for multiple AK and defined value of fluorescent images in evaluating treatment response. We also investigated photorejuvenation effects of PDT.MethodsTen patients with multiple AK were enrolled. We did histological confirmation of the lesion by biopsy. After 3 h of MAL cream occlusion, red light was illuminated with 37 J/cm2 on 0, 4, 16, and 20 weeks. At each visit, lesions were counted by inspection and fluorescent images were taken under ultraviolet A light. We repeated skin biopsy in 16 weeks.ResultsAll patients showed significant improvement after three sessions of PDT. The average remission rate was 85.96%. Overall, patients showed significant improvement in photoaging such as erythema, coarse wrinkles, and skin roughness. Histological examination also showed improvement. There was meaningful agreement between lesion count by fluorescent imaging and inspection (coefficient = 0.9).ConclusionsPDT was found to be effective, well‐tolerated, cosmetically acceptable for AK treatment and photorejuvenation, both clinically and histologically. In addition, fluorescent images taken after MAL application aided in evaluation of treatment response as well as diagnosis.
Trade and Unemployment Revisited: Do Institutions Matter?
Authors: Capuano Stella , Schmerer Hans‐Jörg 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper revisits the trade to unemployment nexus for Germany based on the estimation of a model featuring heterogeneous firms and search unemployment. We structurally estimate parameters that match the key moments of the German labour market. Our estimation and calibration are based on a single plant‐level data source, that is, the IAB establishment and worker panel. The calibration shows that trade liberalisation reduces unemployment in the long run. In our counter‐factual policy simulations, we focus on the effect of labour market policies on the trade and unemployment nexus and we explore how the magnitude of the effects differs under different bargaining regimes. Labour market institutions have stronger effects under collective bargaining. Compared with trade or the bargaining power of unions, the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment turns out to be rather modest.
An Integrative Review of Communication Between Parents and Nurses of Hospitalized Technology‐Dependent Children
Authors: Giambra Barbara K. , Stiffler Deborah , Broome Marion E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith advances in health care, the population of children who are technology‐dependent is increasing and, therefore, the need for nurses to understand how best to engage in communication with the parents of these children is critical. Shared communication between the parents of hospitalized technology‐dependent children and their nurses is essential to provide optimal care for the child. The components and behaviors of the parent‐nurse communication process that improve mutual understanding of optimal care for the child had not previously been examined.Research QuestionAmong parents of hospitalized technology‐dependent children and their nurses, what communication behaviors, components, concepts, or processes improve mutual understanding of optimal care for the child?MethodsAn integrative review of both qualitative and quantitative studies was conducted. Key words including communication, hospitalized, nurse, parent, pediatric, and technology‐dependent were used to search databases such as Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and Medline for years 2000–2014. The data regarding the process of parent‐nurse communication were extracted as they related to the mutual understanding of optimal care for the child. The data were grouped into themes and compared across studies, designs, populations, and settings.ResultsSix articles were identified that provided information regarding the processes of shared communication among the parents of hospitalized technology‐dependent children and their nurses. Providing clear information, involving parents in care decisions, trust and respect for each other's expertise, caring attitudes, advocacy, and role negotiation were all found to be important factors in shared parent‐nurse communication.Linking Evidence to ActionThe results of this integrative review inform our understanding of the parent‐nurse communication process. The findings provide nurses with an understanding of strategies to better engage in respectful, engaging, and intentional communication with parents of hospitalized technology‐dependent children and improve patient outcomes.
Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy on Performance Recovery
Authors: Manimmanakorn Nuttaset , Ross Jenny J. , Manimmanakorn Apiwan , Lucas Samuel J.E. , Hamlin Michael J. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:To compare whole-body vibration (WBV) with traditional recovery protocols after a high-intensity training bout.Methods:In a randomized crossover study, 16 athletes performed 6 × 30-s Wingate sprints before completing either an active recovery (10 min of cycling and stretching) or WBV for 10 min in a series of exercises on a vibration platform. Muscle hemodynamics (assessed via near-infrared spectroscopy) were measured before and during exercise and into the 10-min recovery period. Blood lactate concentration, vertical jump, quadriceps strength, flexibility, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), muscle soreness, and performance during a single 30-s Wingate test were assessed at baseline and 30 and 60 min postexercise. A subset of participants (n = 6) completed a 3rd identical trial (1 wk later) using a passive 10-min recovery period (sitting).Results:There were no clear effects between the recovery protocols for blood lactate concentration, quadriceps strength, jump height, flexibility, RPE, muscle soreness, or single Wingate performance across all measured recovery time points. However, the WBV recovery protocol substantially increased the tissue-oxygenation index compared with the active (11.2% ± 2.4% [mean ± 95% CI], effect size [ES] = 3.1, and –7.3% ± 4.1%, ES = –2.1 for the 10 min postexercise and postrecovery, respectively) and passive recovery conditions (4.1% ± 2.2%, ES = 1.3, 10 min postexercise only).Conclusion:Although WBV during recovery increased muscle oxygenation, it had little effect in improving subsequent performance compared with a normal active recovery.
Pilot investigation of the oxygen demands and metabolic cost of incremental shuttle walking and treadmill walking in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Almodhy M , Beneke R , Cardoso F , Taylor M J D , Sandercock G R H 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if the metabolic cost of the incremental shuttle-walking test protocol is the same as treadmill walking or predicted values of walking-speed equations.SettingPrimary care (community-based cardiac rehabilitation).ParticipantsEight Caucasian cardiac rehabilitation patients (7 males) with a mean age of 67±5.2 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOxygen consumption, metabolic power and energy cost of walking during treadmill and shuttle walking performed in a balanced order with 1 week between trials.ResultsAverage overall energy cost per metre was higher during treadmill walking (3.22±0.55 J kg/m) than during shuttle walking (3.00±0.41 J kg/m). There were significant post hoc effects at 0.67 m/s (p<0.004) and 0.84 m/s (p<0.001), where the energy cost of treadmill walking was significantly higher than that of shuttle walking. This pattern was reversed at walking speeds 1.52 m/s (p<0.042) and 1.69 m/s (p<0.007) where shuttle walking had a greater energy cost per metre than treadmill walking. At all walking speeds, the energy cost of shuttle walking was higher than that predicted using the American College of Sports Medicine walking equations.ConclusionsThe energetic demands of shuttle walking were fundamentally different from those of treadmill walking and should not be directly compared. We warn against estimating the metabolic cost of the incremental shuttle-walking test using the current walking-speed equations.
Monitoring air pollution effects on children for supporting public health policy: the protocol of the prospective cohort MAPEC study
Authors: Feretti D , Ceretti E , De Donno A , Moretti M , Carducci A , Bonetta S , Marrese M R , Bonetti A , Covolo L , Bagordo F , Villarini M , Verani M , Schilirò T , Limina R M , Grassi T , Monarca S , Casini B , Carraro E , Zani C , Mazzoleni G , Levaggi R , Gelatti U ,   the MAPEC_LIFE Study Group
Published: September 2014

IntroductionGenotoxic biomarkers have been studied largely in adult population, but few studies so far have investigated them in children exposed to air pollution. Children are a high-risk group as regards the health effects of air pollution and some studies suggest that early exposure during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. The objective of the project is to evaluate the associations between the concentration of urban air pollutants and biomarkers of early biological effect in children, and to propose a model for estimating the global risk of early biological effects due to air pollutants and other factors in children.Methods and analysisTwo biomarkers of early biological effects, DNA damage by the comet assay and the micronuclei (MN) test, will be investigated in oral mucosa cells of 6–8-year-old children. Concurrently, some toxic airborne pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitro-PAH) and in vitro air mutagenicity and toxicity in ultra-fine air particulates (PM0.5) will be evaluated. Furthermore, demographic and socioeconomic variables, other sources of exposures to air pollutants and lifestyle variables will be assessed by a structured questionnaire. The associations between sociodemographic, environmental and other exposure variables and biomarkers of early biological effect using univariate and multivariate models will be analysed. A tentative model for calculating the global absolute risk of having early biological effects caused by air pollution and other variables will be proposed.Ethics and disseminationThe project has been approved by the Ethics Committees of the local Health Authorities. The results will be communicated to local Public Health Agencies, for supporting educational programmes and health policy strategies. LIFE+2012 Environment Policy and Governance. LIFE12 ENV/IT/000614.
Mycotic encephalitis in a grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup associated with Rhizomucor pusillus infection
Authors: Barnett James , Riley Paul , Cooper Tamara , Linton Christopher , Wessels Mark 
Published: September 2014

A three‐month‐old grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), admitted to a rehabilitation facility with severe gingivitis and minor trauma, developed neurological signs 36 hours after arrival, including loss of swallowing reflex, muscle tremors and a poor response to stimuli. The animal was euthanased due to the poor prognosis. Initial gross postmortem findings were unremarkable, but coronal slicing of the brain found a focal extensive area of red/brown discolouration within the right thalamic region. On histological examination, subacute, neutrophilic and histiocytic, leucocytoclastic, necrotising cerebral vasculitis, encephalitis and meningitis was present, with intralesional fungal hyphae with morphology suggestive of a zygomycete. PCR sequences of fungal DNA purified from digested paraffin sections of the brain matched best those for Rhizomucor pusillus (99 per cent homology) demonstrating the value of this technique in speciating fungi. This is believed to be the first published case of CNS infection in a pinniped with a zygomycete fungus.
Deubiquitination of γ-Tubulin by BAP1 Prevents Chromosome Instability in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zarrizi Reihaneh , Menard Julien Albert , Belting Mattias , Massoumi Ramin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Microtubule nucleation requires the γ-tubulin ring complex, and during the M-phase (mitosis) this complex accumulates at the centrosome to support mitotic spindle formation. The posttranslational modification of γ-tubulin through ubiquitination is vital for regulating microtubule nucleation and centrosome duplication. Blocking the BRCA1/BARD1-dependent ubiquitination of γ-tubulin causes centrosome amplification. In the current study, we identified BRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) as a deubiquitination enzyme for γ-tubulin. BAP1 was downregulated in metastatic adenocarcinoma breast cell lines compared with noncancerous human breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, low expression of BAP1 was associated with reduced overall survival of patients with breast cancer. Reduced expression of BAP1 in breast cancer cell lines was associated with mitotic abnormalities. Importantly, rescue experiments including expression of full length but not the catalytic mutant of BAP1 reduced ubiquitination of γ-tubulin and prevented mitotic defects. Our study uncovers a new mechanism for BAP1 involved in deubiquitination of γ-tubulin, which is required to prevent abnormal mitotic spindle formation and genome instability. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6499–508. ©2014 AACR.
Prediction of Sarcomere Mutations in Subclinical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Captur Gabriella , Lopes Luis R. , Mohun Timothy J. , Patel Vimal , Li Chunming , Bassett Paul , Finocchiaro Gherardo , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Esteban Maite Tome , Muthurangu Vivek , Sherrid Mark V. , Day Sharlene M. , Canter Charles E. , McKenna William J. , Seidman Christine E. , Bluemke David A. , Elliott Perry M. , Ho Carolyn Y. , Moon James C. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Sarcomere protein mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy induce subtle cardiac structural changes before the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We have proposed that myocardial crypts are part of this phenotype and independently associated with the presence of sarcomere gene mutations. We tested this hypothesis in genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pre-LVH (genotype positive, LVH negative [G+LVH−]).

Methods and Results—

A multicenter case–control study investigated crypts and 22 other cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters in subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to determine their strength of association with sarcomere gene mutation carriage. The G+LVH− sample (n=73) was 29±13 years old and 51% were men. Crypts were related to the presence of sarcomere mutations (for ≥1 crypt, β=2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–4.4;
P
=0.014 and for ≥2 crypts, β=3.0; 95% CI, 0.8–7.9;
P
=0.004). In combination with 3 other parameters: anterior mitral valve leaflet elongation (β=2.1; 95% CI, 1.7–3.1;
P
<0.001), abnormal LV apical trabeculae (β=1.6; 95% CI, 0.8–2.5;
P
<0.001), and smaller LV end-systolic volumes (β=1.4; 95% CI, 0.5–2.3;
P
=0.001), multiple crypts indicated the presence of sarcomere gene mutations with 80% accuracy and an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.8–0.9). In this G+LVH− population, cardiac myosin-binding protein C mutation carriers had twice the prevalence of crypts when compared with the other combined mutations (47 versus 23%; odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.9;
P
=0.045).

Conclusions—
The subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in a multicenter environment and consisting of crypts (particularly multiple), anterior mitral valve leaflet elongation, abnormal trabeculae, and smaller LV systolic cavity is indicative of the presence of sarcomere gene mutations and highlights the need for further study.
Morphological effects of bacterial compounds on the testes of Eupemphix nattereri (Anura)
Authors: Franco-Belussi Lilian , Baroni Leite Gabriela , Silberschmidt Freitas Juliane , de Oliveira Classius 
Published: September 2014

Amphibians are susceptible to environmental pollutants and these compounds influence the development, morphology, physiology, behavior, and reproduction of these animals. Escherichia coli is common in aquatic habitats of frogs and could also damage their reproductive activity. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide on the testes of Eupemphix nattereri after 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. As in other anurans, the testes of E. nattereri are paired structures and spermatogenesis into the locule is cystic, with mast cells in the interstitial region as well as testicular melanocytes. The administration of lipopolysaccharide decreased the absolute locular volume after 12 h while increasing the interstitial volume. In addition, lipopolysaccharide treatment decreased the absolute volume of all cell types in animals analyzed after 12 h. The amount of mast cells in the interstitial region increased after 12 h of inoculation. Acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide clearly alters testicular morphology, decreasing the volume of both locular and germ cells. However, acute treatment did not impair spermatogenesis and after 24 h, the treatment effects were minimized. Thus, this study was the first to demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide is a potential agent for causing damage to the testes of anurans.
Society of Imperial Power: Reinterpreting China’s “Feudal Society”
Authors: Tianyu Feng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
To call the period from Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty a “feudal society” is a misrepresentation of China’s historical reality. The fengjian system only occupied a secondary position in Chinese society from the time of Qin. It was the system of prefectures and counties (junxianzhi) that served as the cornerstone of the centralized power structure. This system, together with the institution of selecting officials through the imperial examination, constituted the centralized bureaucracy that intentionally crippled the hereditary tradition and the localized aristocratic powers, and hence bolstered the unity of the empire. Feudalism in medieval Western Europe shares many similarities with that of China during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, but is quite different from the monarchical centralism since the time of Qin and Han. Categorizing the social form of the period from Qin to Qing as “feudal” makes the mistake of over-generalizing and distorting this concept. It runs counter to the original Chinese meaning of fengjian, and severely deviates from the western connotation of feudalism. Moreover, the decentralized feudalism in pre-Qin dynasties and the later centralized imperial system from Qin onwards influenced the generation and evolution of Chinese culture in vastly different ways.