bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance and the corporate life-cycle
Authors: O'Connor Thomas , Byrne Julie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether corporate governance changes along the corporate life-cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
– In a sample of 205 firms from 21 emerging market countries and using a life-cycle proxy from the dividends literature, the authors use a governance-prediction model which examines whether corporate governance differs along the corporate life-cycle.

Findings
– Mature firms tend to practice better overall corporate governance. Discipline and independence improve as firms mature. Firms tend to be most transparent and accountable when they are young. These findings suggest that the resource/strategy and monitoring/control governance functions are relevant but at different life-cycle stages.

Research limitations/implications
– In the absence of longitudinal governance data with sufficient coverage to track within-firm changes in corporate governance along the corporate life-cycle, the authors analyze differences in corporate governance between-firms at different life-cycle stages.

Originality/value
– The authors use an alternative, yet new measure from the dividends literature to account for the firm’s position along the corporate life-cycle. With this new measure, the findings are in line with the predictions of Filatotchev et al. (2006).
Damage tolerance of composite T-sections made of cost-effective carbon fibre preforms
Authors: Kadlec Martin , Hron Robin , Grieser Timo 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– T-sections of carbon fibre-reinforced composites are prone to delamination because they lack reinforcement through their thicknesses. The purpose of this paper is to present the structural response of cost-effective laminated T-sections when subjected to various types of loads and impacts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The core of the automated manufactured beams is analysed. Pull-off, flange tension, and flange bending were tested for specimens extracted from an I-beam. The failure processes for all of the specimens were investigated in detail, leading to the statistical evaluation of the failure modes.

Findings
– A correlation is apparent between the impact damage energy and certain fracture patterns. These results can be used to assess damage tolerance when designing stiffeners, beams, and various complex structures. The increase in strength by 25 per cent was measured for the advanced stitching located in the web section for the flange tension test.

Originality/value
– The resistance displayed by the T-sections toward impact damage was studied experimentally, as the literature describing this topic is limited. The prevalence of one fracture mode for higher impact energies shows a possible advantage of the cost-effective preforms for the damage tolerant philosophy.
Multi-length scale computational analysis of roller-bearing premature failure in horizontal-axis wind turbine gear boxes
Authors: Grujicic M. , Chenna V. , Yavari R. , Galgalikar R. , Snipes J.S. , Ramaswami S. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– To make wind energy (one of the alternative-energy production technologies) economical, wind-turbines (convertors of wind energy into electrical energy) are required to operate, with only regular maintenance, for at least 20 years. However, some key wind-turbine components (especially the gear-box) often require significant repair or replacement after only three to five years in service. This causes an increase in both the wind-energy cost and the cost of ownership of the wind turbine. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– To overcome this problem, root causes of the gear-box premature failure are currently being investigated using mainly laboratory and field-test experimental approaches. As demonstrated in many industrial sectors (e.g. automotive, aerospace, etc.) advanced computational engineering methods and tools cannot only complement these experimental approaches but also provide additional insight into the problem at hand (and do so with a substantially shorter turn-around time). The present work demonstrates the use of a multi-length-scale computational approach which couples large-scale wind/rotor interactions with a gear-box dynamic response, enabling accurate determination of kinematics and kinetics within the gear-box bearings (the components most often responsible for the gear-box premature failure) and ultimately the structural response (including damage and failure) of the roller-bearing components (e.g. inner raceways).Findings– It has been demonstrated that through the application of this approach, one can predict the expected life of the most failure-prone horizontal axis wind turbine gear-box bearing elements.Originality/value– To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first multi-length-scale study of bearing failure in wind-turbines.
Micromechanical study of the effect of inclusions on fatigue failure in a roller bearing
Authors: Cerullo Michele , Tvergaard Viggo 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to carry out a set of micromechanical analyses to study the effect of small inclusions on fatigue life of wind turbine bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The local stress concentrations around an inclusion are determined from a characteristic unit cell model containing a single inclusion, using the approximation of a 2D plane strain numerical analysis. The Dang Van multiaxial fatigue criterion is used for the local stresses in the matrix material, to ensure that the stresses remain within the fatigue limit. The matrix material is taken to be one of the most commonly used bearing steels, AISI 52100, and two different types of inclusions are considered. The macroscopic stress histories applied correspond to either a Hertzian or an elastohydrodynamic (EHL) contact pressure distribution under the rollers.

Findings
– The paper shows that sub-surface fatigue failure due to rolling contact is more likely to develop close to the inclusion-matrix interface, at particular angles that depend on the material and on the inclusion orientation.

Originality/value
– Inclusions represent an important issue in the design of wind turbine bearings, that are supposed to work in the very high cycle regime (N>109 cycles). This paper develops a micromechanical study that provides a deeper understanding on effect of inclusions on the fatigue life, according to one of the most used multiaxial fatigue criteria.
Experimental study of loosening behavior of plain shank bolted joint under dynamic loading
Authors: Dravid Shriram , Triphati Kartikeya , Chouksey Manoj 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Bolted joints are commonly used to connect structural members. These joints can be disassembled whenever required. Various types of washers are used between nut and the connected member to keep the joints tight. However, these joints often become loose over time under dynamic loading conditions. The purpose of this paper is to know the reasons of loosening of bolted joints and to identify the main parameters that contribute to the bolt loosening, and to verify them with previous work.

Design/methodology/approach
– This work studies loosening of bolted joint in a test rig under varying tightening torque as well as for various types of washers used as the number of load cycles increases. Four trial runs are taken for each case considered and the average results are found out to minimize possible sources of errors. For the purpose, a specifically made test rig is used which is capable of applying harmonic load on the bolted joint by the lever action.

Findings
– The study compares the loosening of bolted joint with and without washer, and also under different initial tightening conditions. This study has shown the suitability of the test rig, methodology and parameters for study of loosening in bolted joints. This study presents an indigenous test, capable of applying harmonic load on bolted joint.

Originality/value
– The results establish that the methodology and parameters selected were appropriate for the purpose of study of loosening of bolted joints. This study has provided a base line for further work to understand the loosening of bolted joints.
Combined effects of valence and attributes of e-WOM on consumer judgment for message and product
Authors: Jeong Hyo-Jin , Koo Dong-Mo 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a model to test whether the combined effects of valence and objectivity/subjectivity of online review have an effect on consumer judgment and whether e-WOM platforms have a moderating effect.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 480 respondents participated in online experiments with a four (positive+objective, positive+subjective, negative+objective, and negative+subjective online review) by two (marketer-generated vs consumer-generated brand community web sites) between subject design.

Findings
– The experiment showed that: an objective negative online review was rated higher in terms of message usefulness compared to the other types of online reviews; positive reviews, whether they are objective or subjective, were rated higher in terms of attitudes toward and intention to purchase the reviewed product, and the effects of online reviews moderated by e-WOM platforms on consumer judgment were supported.

Research limitations/implications
– The present study, based on an established theoretical foundation, will help the research community to gain a deeper understanding of the combined effects of online review valence and attributes on consumer judgment and whether user-generated web community is better for consumers to consult product experience.

Practical implications
– The findings of this study can provide interested firms with useful strategies and tactics to enhance users’ acceptance of online reviews in terms of who operates the web sites.

Originality/value
– With increasing use of consumers’ online reviews, the present study proposed and tested a comprehensive research model integrating both the valence and objectivity/subjectivity of online review, which has rarely been addressed in previous research.
Mark-to-market and its effects on community banking during the financial crisis
Authors: Patron Hilde , Smith William J. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of the relaxation of mark-to-market (MTM) standards on community banks’ share prices. Mark-to-market valuation of securities became increasingly common in the late 1990s and 2000s, as regulators sought to create more transparent and more current depictions of bank financial positions. However, MTM accounting may be sub-optimal in the presence of severe market frictions, such as those experienced during the financial crisis of the late 2000s. To comply with capital requirements associated with MTM accounting, banks of the late 2000s dramatically liquidated portfolios with potentially solvent assets in illiquid markets, taking huge losses. During the financial crisis, mortgage-backed securities held by banks began to plummet in value. Banks were forced to either liquidate these assets even though there were no buyers or dramatically reduce the values of their portfolios based on fire-sale prices. On a cash-flow basis, these securities had value, as many mortgages bundled in these securities continued to be paid on time; however, with markets frozen, market prices did not reflect this value.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study shows that, for a sample of 134 community banks, share prices increased after the MTM relaxation, even after accounting for a variety of other economic factors.

Findings
– This paper shows that, perhaps counterintuitively, the steps taken by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to relax MTM accounting standards may have acted as a stabilizing factor on the market price of community bank shares by allowing banks to selectively liquidate assets, boosting asset prices until uncertainty was resolved.

Originality/value
– This paper examines the impact of recent changes in accounting standards on the perceived risks associated with the banking sector. It specifically focuses attention on the impacts these changes had on community-based banks within the USA.
Transformation of the Ecuadorian financial system: regulation and response
Authors: Unda Luisa Ana , Margret Julie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The aim of this study is to analyse the transformation of the Ecuadorian financial system using the regulatory dialectic approach (Kane, 1977). This research examines the initial conditions and motivating factors of the reform process, as well as the interplay between government and bankers during the period 2007-2012.Design/methodology/approach– Kane’s regulatory dialectic suggests that regulation of financial institutions is a series of cyclical interactions between opposing political and economic forces. Three main stages are identified: thesis (measures and regulatory actions), antithesis (avoidance/lobby against those reforms) and synthesis (adaptive reregulation resulting from the interaction between interest groups).Findings– Since 2007, the government focused on regulating interest rates, developing a liquidity fund for banking emergencies, increasing taxation and restricting international capital flows. These government initiatives took place against a background of conflicting interests. Private bankers opposed the majority regarding them as burdensome new rules, rather than enlightened reforms. Publicly, these reforms as intended by the government were seemingly supported. Finally through the political process, they were approved. To date, these reforms have strengthened the financial system, produced encouraging social policy results and placed the financial sector to serve the government’s development strategy.Originality/value– Using Kane’s notion of regulatory dialectic, we explain the process of financial reform in Ecuador as part of a cyclical interaction between opposing forces. Drawing on this framework enabled insight into the nature of government intervention. Hence, we show how that intervention affected the growth, development and structure of the banking system.
The diverging role of the systematic risk factors: evidence from real estate stock markets
Authors: Lang Stephan , Scholz Alexander 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The risk-return relationship of real estate equities is of particular interest for investors, practitioners and researchers. The purpose of this paper is to examine, in an asset pricing framework, whether the systematic risk factors play a significantly different role in explaining the returns of listed real estate companies, compared to general equities.Design/methodology/approach– Running the difference test of the Fama-French three-factor and the liquidity-augmented asset pricing model, the authors analyze the effect of the systematic risk factors related to market, size, BE/ME and liquidity in a time-series setting over the period July 1992 to June 2012. By applying the propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm, the authors bypass the “curse of dimensionality” of traditional matching techniques and identify a comparable control sample of general equities, in terms of the relevant firm characteristics of size, BE/ME and liquidity.Findings– The empirical results indicate that European real estate equity returns load significantly differently on the size, value and liquidity factor, while the influence of the market factor seems to be equivalent. In addition, the authors find an economically and statistically significant underperformance of European real estate equities, after accounting for the diverging role of systematic risk factors. Running the conditional time-series regression, the authors further reveal that these findings are predominately caused by the divergent risk-return behavior of real estate equities in economic downturns.Practical implications– Due to the diverging role of the systematic risk factors in pricing real estate equities, the authors provide evidence of potential diversification benefits for investors and portfolio managers.Originality/value– This is the first real estate asset pricing study to dissect the unique risk-return relationship of real estate equities by employing propensity score matching.
Market maturity: China commercial real estate market
Authors: Ke Qiulin , Sieracki Karen 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolutionary path to market maturity that China property market has taken over the last few decades. The focus is on the commercial real estate markets in Beijing and Shanghai. It will help international investors understand the market environment, risk and market activity process.Design/methodology/approach– In this research, the authors apply the market maturity framework and its key determinants based on previous work undertaken by Keogh and D’Arcy (1994) and Chinet al.(2006) for the analysis of Chinese commercial property market. Particular focus is on Beijing and Shanghai. The questionnaire is designed to obtain fair and objective views from international property consultancy firms active in Beijing and Shanghai markets. There are not many of these international property consultancies. The reason why this type of business was selected was to insure that the business had an understanding of China’s place in the global commercial real estate market as this market matures from its emerging market status.Findings– The findings reveal that the respondents felt the commercial property markets in Shanghai and Beijing were now moderately mature. However, issues such as poorer level of standard market information, development instability, low transparency of the legal system, high taxes and high government invention still existed in China’s commercial property market, therefore hindering its progress towards greater market maturity.Research limitations/implications– The small same size of the survey is the major limitation of the research.Practical implications– International investors and analysts can benefit from the research findings through a better understanding of the behaviour and trends in this unique market which will be reflected in their decision-making process.Originality/value– An explorative approach was used due to the lack of data to examine the perception of China’s commercial property market’s evolution and maturity. The findings can then be placed in the context of other Southeast Asian cities. The evolutionary process of China’s property market is rarely examined in previous studies of China property market due to the lack of data and transparency.
A fuzzy approach to service quality diagnosis
Authors: Saeida Ardakani Saeid , Nejatian Majid , Farhangnejad Mohammad Ali , Nejati Mehran 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify service quality dimensions that could enhance the level of services provided by a variety of carriers and rank them, accordingly.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research aims to identify service quality dimensions that could enhance the level of services provided by a variety of carriers and rank them, accordingly.

Findings
– The results show that “safety,” “timeliness,” and “variety and type of airplane” are the most important service quality criteria from the passengers’ viewpoint. It also indicates that the most and least important dimensions of service quality are “tangibles” and “responsiveness,” respectively. The results ranked the airlines from one to three as Emirates Airline, Mahan Air, and Iran Air.

Originality/value
– Most of the service quality criteria are descriptive and are stated using lingual expressions (cardinal or ordinal scales). Therefore, evaluation of perceptions and expectations of customers regarding service quality using non-fuzzy methods ignores the ambiguity involved in individual judgments.
Acceptance of novel products: the role of religiosity, ethnicity and values
Authors: Mansori Shaheen , Sambasivan Murali , Md-Sidin Samsinar 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to establish and test the role of religiosity, ethnicity, individual basic values, and consumer innovativeness in influencing consumer acceptance of novel products. This paper specifically addresses: the driving force of religiosity and ethnicity and mediating roles of individual basic values and consumer innovativeness in influencing acceptance of novel products.Design/methodology/approach– A questionnaire was constructed and distributed to 700 respondents in the urban area of Malaysia based on convenience sampling. The data collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.Findings– Findings show that religiosity and ethnicity are the main drivers that influence the acceptance of new products. Specifically, religiosity and ethnicity have negative relationship with openness to change (stimulation, self-direction, and hedonism) and positive relationship with conservation value (traditions and conformity); conservation values have negative effects on consumer innovativeness and acceptance of new products; openness to change values show the positive relationship with innovativeness and acceptance of new products; openness to change and conservation value mediate the relationship between religiosity and consumer innovativeness; conservation value mediates the relationship between ethnicity and consumer innovativeness; and consumer innovativeness mediates the relationship between individual basic values and acceptance of novel products. The model has been able to explain 34 percent of the variance in acceptance of novel products.Originality/value– Different from previous research that often focussed on demographic and observable (e.g. age, race, religion) antecedents of innovation acceptance, the current research emphasized on the influence of behavioral and psychological characteristics (e.g. religiosity, ethnicity, values and innovativeness) on the consumer acceptance of novel products.
Charity donation: intentions and behaviour
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Sarifuddin Syamsulang , Hassan Azizah 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to investigate money donation intentions and behaviour. Furthermore, the applicability of an extended TPB model is tested for the first time in a collectivist culture.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data have been collected from 221 people living in the city of Kuala Lampur through a questionnaire based on extended TPB model. The data have been analysed through employing structural equation modelling (SEM) procedures to extract meaningful conclusions.

Findings
– The results depict an excellent fit to the extended TPB model. The past behaviour, injunctive norms, and intentions to donate positively contribute towards actual behaviour to donate money. Attitude, self-reported behaviour, descriptive norms, and moral norms do not significantly contribute to intentions to donate money.

Practical implications
– Managers of charitable organisations are struggling to attract customers who can actively donate money in response to various fundraising campaigns. This study will provide some useful strategies to help managers in attracting and retaining customers for life.

Originality/value
– Research studies performed to investigate money donation intentions and behaviour are scarce where current research fills this knowledge gap by presenting a developing country perspective. In addition to that, extended TPB model to investigate money donation intentions and behaviour has never been refuted through SEM procedures.