bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregated Low-Density Lipoprotein Induces LRP1 Stabilization Through E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CHFR Downregulation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Cal Roi , García-Arguinzonis Maisa , Revuelta-López Elena , Castellano José , Padró Teresa , Badimon Lina , Llorente-Cortés Vicenta 
Published: December 2012

Objective—
Low density lipoprotein retention and aggregation in the arterial intima are key processes in atherogenesis. Aggregated LDL (agLDL) is taken up through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) by human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). AgLDL increases LRP1 expression, at least in part, by downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. It is unknown whether agLDL has some effect on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and therefore on the LRP1 receptor turnover. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of agLDL on the degradation of LRP1 by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in human VSMC.

Methods and Results—
Human VSMC were isolated from the media of human coronary arteries. Ubiquitinylated LRP1 protein levels were significantly reduced in human VSMC exposed to agLDL (100 μg/mL) for 20 hours (agLDL: 3.70±0.44 a.u. versus control: 9.68±0.55 a.u). Studies performed with cycloheximide showed that agLDL prolongs the LRP1 protein half life. Pulse-chase analysis showed that LRP1 turnover rate is reduced in agLDL-exposed VSMC. Two-dimensional electrophoresis shows an alteration in the proteomic profile of a RING type E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHFR. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that agLDL (100 μg/mL) decreased the transcriptional and protein expression of CHFR. CHFR silencing increased VSMC, but not macrophage, LRP1 expression. However, CHFR silencing did not exert any effect on the classical low-density lipoprotein receptor protein levels. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the physical interaction between CHFR and LRP1 decreased in the presence of agLDL.

Conclusion—
Our results demonstrate that agLDL prolongs the half life of LRP1 by preventing the receptor ubiquitinylation, at least in part, through CHFR targeting. This mechanism seems to be specific for LRP1 and VSMC.
Platelet IκB Kinase-β Deficiency Increases Mouse Arterial Neointima Formation via Delayed Glycoprotein Ibα Shedding
Authors: Wei Shujian , Wang Huan , Zhang Guoying , Lu Ying , An Xiaofei , Ren Shumei , Wang Yunmei , Chen Yuguo , White James G. , Zhang Chunxiang , Simon Daniel I. , Wu Chaodong , Li Zhenyu , Huo Yuqing 
Published: December 2012

Objective—
On the luminal surface of injured arteries, platelet activation and leukocyte–platelet interactions are critical for the initiation and progression of arterial restenosis. The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB is a critical molecule in platelet activation. Here, we investigated the role of the platelet nuclear factor-κB pathway in forming arterial neointima after arterial injury.

Methods and Results—

We performed carotid artery wire injuries in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR
–/–
) mice with a platelet-specific deletion of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) (IKKβ
fl/fl
/PF4
cre
/LDLR
–/–
) and in control mice (IKKβ
fl/fl
/LDLR
–/–
). The size of the arterial neointima was 61% larger in the IKKβ
fl/fl
/PF4
cre
/LDLR
–/–
mice compared with the littermate control IKKβ
fl/fl
/LDLR
–/–
mice. Compared with the control mice, the IKKβ
fl/fl
/PF4
cre
/LDLR
–/–
mice exhibited more leukocyte adhesion at the injured area. The extent of glycoprotein Ibα shedding after platelet activation was compromised in the IKKβ-deficient platelets. This effect was associated with a low level of the active form of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 17, the key enzyme involved in mediating glycoprotein Ibα shedding in activated IKKβ-deficient platelets.

Conclusion—
Platelet IKKβ deficiency increases the formation of injury-induced arterial neointima formation. Thus, nuclear factor-κB–related inhibitors should be carefully evaluated for use in patients after an arterial intervention.
Incremental Value of the Preoperative Echocardiogram to Predict Mortality and Major Morbidity in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Afilalo Jonathan , Flynn Aidan W. , Shimony Avi , Rudski Lawrence G. , Agnihotri Arvind K. , Morin Jean-Francois , Castrillo Cristina , Shahian David M. , Picard Michael H. 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Although echocardiography is commonly performed before coronary artery bypass surgery, there has yet to be a study examining the incremental prognostic value of a complete echocardiogram.

Methods and Results—
Patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery at 2 hospitals were divided into derivation and validation cohorts. A panel of quantitative echocardiographic parameters was measured. Clinical variables were extracted from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality or major morbidity, and the secondary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. The derivation cohort consisted of 667 patients with a mean age of 67.2±11.1 years and 22.8% females. The following echocardiographic parameters were found to be optimal predictors of mortality or major morbidity: severe diastolic dysfunction, as evidenced by restrictive filling (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-5.49), right ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by fractional area change <35% (odds ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-7.20), or myocardial performance index >0.40 (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.15). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort of 187 patients. When added to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk score, the echocardiographic parameters resulted in a net improvement in model discrimination and reclassification with a change in c-statistic from 0.68 to 0.73 and an integrated discrimination improvement of 5.9% (95% confidence interval, 2.8%-8.9%). In the Cox proportional hazards model, right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension were independently predictive of mortality over 3.2 years of follow-up.

Conclusions—
Preoperative echocardiography, in particular right ventricular dysfunction and restrictive left ventricular filling, provides incremental prognostic value in identifying patients at higher risk of mortality or major morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Clipping Versus Coiling for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Li Hui , Pan Rui , Wang Hongxuan , Rong Xiaoming , Yin Zi , Milgrom Daniel P. , Shi Xiaolei , Tang Yamei , Peng Ying 
Published: December 2012

Background and Purpose—
Endovascular treatment has increasingly been used for aneurismal subarachnoid aneurismal hemorrhage. The aim of this analysis is to assess the current evidence regarding safety and efficiency of clipping compared with coiling.

Methods—
We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that compared clipping with coiling between January 1999 and July 2012. Comparison of binary outcomes between treatment groups was described using odds ratios (OR; clip versus coil).

Results—
Four randomized controlled trials and 23 observational studies were included. Randomized controlled trials showed that coiling reduced the 1-year unfavorable outcome rate (OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.76). However, there was no statistical deference in nonrandomized controlled trials (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.96–1.28). Subgroup analysis revealed coiling yielded better outcomes for patients with good preoperative grade (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.24–1.84) than for poor preoperative patients (OR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.56–1.38). Additionally, the incidence of rebleeding is higher after coiling (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.66), corresponding to a better complete occlusion rate of clipping (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.88–3.13). The 1-year mortality showed no significant difference (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.88–1.30). Vasospasm was more common after clipping (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.07–1.91), whereas the ischemic infarct (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.52–1.06), shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.66–1.07), and procedural complication rates (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.67–2.11) did not differ significantly between techniques.

Conclusions—
Coiling yields a better clinical outcome, the benefit being greater in those with a good preoperative grade than those with a poor preoperative grade. However, coiling leads to a greater risk of rebleeding. Well-designed randomized trials with special considerations to the aspect are needed.
Fine-Resolved, Near-Coastal Spatiotemporal Variation of Temperature in Response to Insolation
Authors: Vercauteren Nikki , Destouni Georgia , Dahlberg Carl Johan , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study uses GIS-based modeling of incoming solar radiation to quantify fine-resolved spatiotemporal responses of monthly average temperature, and diurnal temperature variation, at different times and locations within a field study area located on the eastern coast of Sweden. Near-surface temperatures are measured by a network of temperature sensors during the spring and summer of 2011 and then used as the basis for model development and testing. The modeling of finescale spatiotemporal variation considers topography, distance from the sea, and observed variations in atmospheric conditions, accounting for site latitude, elevation, surface orientation, daily and seasonal shifts in sun angle, and effects of shadows from surrounding topography. The authors find a lag time between insolation and subsequent temperature response that follows an exponential decay from coastal to inland locations. They further develop a linear regression model that accounts for this lag time in quantifying fine-resolved spatiotemporal temperature evolution. This model applies in the considered growing season for spatial distribution across the studied near-coastal landscape.
Impacts of Atmospheric Temperature Trends on Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Vecchi Gabriel A. , Fueglistaler Stephan , Held Isaac M. , Knutson Thomas R. , Zhao Ming 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Impacts of tropical temperature changes in the upper troposphere (UT) and the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity are explored. UT and lower TTL cooling both lead to an overall increase in potential intensity (PI), while temperature changes at 70 hPa and higher have negligible effect. Idealized experiments with a high-resolution global model show that lower temperatures in the UT are associated with increases in global and North Atlantic TC frequency, but modeled TC frequency changes are not significantly affected by TTL temperature changes nor do they scale directly with PI.
Future projections of hurricane activity have been made with models that simulate the recent upward Atlantic TC trends while assuming or simulating very different tropical temperature trends. Recent Atlantic TC trends have been simulated by (i) high-resolution global models with nearly moist-adiabatic warming profiles and (ii) regional TC downscaling systems that impose the very strong UT and TTL trends of the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, an outlier among observational estimates. The impact of these differences in temperature trends on TC activity is comparable to observed TC changes, affecting assessments of the connection between hurricanes and climate. Therefore, understanding the character of and mechanisms behind changes in UT and TTL temperature is important to understanding past and projecting future TC activity changes. The UT and TTL temperature trends in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis are unlikely to be accurate and likely drive spuriously positive TC and PI trends and an inflated connection between absolute surface temperature warming and TC activity increases.
Multidecadal Climate Variability and the “Warming Hole” in North America: Results from CMIP5 Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Climate Simulations*
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Kinter James , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Pan Zaitao , Adams Jennifer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe ability of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate models to simulate the twentieth-century “warming hole” over North America is explored, along with the warming hole’s relationship with natural climate variability. Twenty-first-century warming hole projections are also examined for two future emission scenarios, the 8.5 and 4.5 W m−2 representative concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Simulations from 22 CMIP5 climate models were analyzed, including all their ensemble members, for a total of 192 climate realizations. A nonparametric trend detection method was employed, and an alternative perspective emphasizing trend variability. Observations show multidecadal variability in the sign and magnitude of the trend, where the twentieth-century temperature trend over the eastern United States appears to be associated with low-frequency (multidecadal) variability in the North Atlantic temperatures. Most CMIP5 climate models simulate significantly lower “relative power” in the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillations than observed. Models that have relatively higher skill in simulating the North Atlantic multidecadal oscillation also are more likely to reproduce the warming hole. It was also found that the trend variability envelope simulated by multiple CMIP5 climate models brackets the observed warming hole. Based on the multimodel analysis, it is found that in the twenty-first-century climate simulations the presence or absence of the warming hole depends on future emission scenarios; the RCP8.5 scenario indicates a disappearance of the warming hole, whereas the RCP4.5 scenario shows some chance (10%–20%) of the warming hole’s reappearance in the latter half of the twenty-first century, consistent with CO2 stabilization.
The Polar Marine Climate Revisited
Authors: Ballinger Thomas J. , Schmidlin Thomas W. , Steinhoff Daniel F. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
As an additional classification to Köppen’s climate classification for polar (E) climates, the Polar Marine (EM) climate was presented nearly five decades ago and is revisited in this paper. The EM climate was traced to the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Ocean and recognized as wet, cloudy, and windy, especially during winter. These areas by definition are encompassed by monthly mean air temperatures of −6.7°C (20°F) and 10°C (50°F) in the coldest and warmest months of the annual cycle, respectively. Here three global reanalyses [ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 25-yr reanalysis (JRA-25)] are used to produce a modern depiction of EM climate. General agreement is found between original and new EM boundaries, for which the poleward boundary can be approximated by the winter sea ice maximum and the equatorward boundary by the warmest month SSTs. Variability of these parameters is shown to largely dictate the EM area. A downward trend in global EM areal extent for 1979–2010 (−42.4 × 109 m2 yr−1) is dominated by the negative Northern Hemisphere (NH) EM trend (−45.7 × 109 m2 yr−1), whereas the Southern Hemisphere (SH) EM areal trend is insignificant. This observed reduction in NH EM areal extent of roughly 20% over the past three decades, largely from losses at the equatorward boundaries of these biologically rich EM zones, may not be fully compensated by poleward shifts in the EM environment due to projected warming and sea ice decline in the twenty-first century.
The Clash of Spatializations
Authors: Hesketh Chris 
Published: December 2012

In southern Mexico today there is a clash between two spatial projects that are increasingly inimical to one another. On the one hand, capital is seeking to expand and transform the region into a new pole of accumulation. On the other hand, indigenous communities are vigorously struggling against the dispossession that this would entail and defending their claims to territory, often through the conscious creation of “counter-spaces.” In doing so, they are raising fundamental questions about the meaning of democracy, development, and multiculturalism and the role of class struggle in informing these issues. En el sur de México hoy día hay un choque entre dos proyectos espaciales que aumentan en su enemistad. Por una parte, el capital busca expandirse y transformar la región en un nuevo polo de acumulación. Por otra parte, las comunidades indígenas luchan con vigor contra la desposesión que esto ocasionaría y defienden sus derechos territoriales, a menudo por medio de la creación consciente de “contra-espacios.” En hacerlo, plantean interrogatorios fundamentales sobre el significado de la democracia, el desarrollo y el multiculturalismo y el papel de la lucha de clases en informar a estas problemas.
Constructing weather data for building simulation considering urban heat island
Authors: Ren Z , Wang X , Chen D , Wang C , Thatcher M 
Published: December 2012

This study proposed a method to construct urban hourly weather data by adopting the ‘morphing’ approach considering urban heat islands. The method starts with the surrounding rural weather as the ‘baseline climate’ and an Urban Canopy Model is used to provide the differences in the monthly average values of major climate parameters due to urban heat islands. The ‘baseline climate’ is then morphed to generate the urban hourly weather file for building simulations. It was demonstrated that the constructed hourly weather data agree well with the observations. When used for building thermal simulations, the differences between the proposed approach and the observation in the total energy requirement of space heating and cooling and heat stress risk index were within 5% and 1.0℃, respectively. Practical applications: The proposed approach will allow academics and building engineers to construct realistic urban hourly weather data to analyse the impacts of urban heat islands on energy requirements and thermal stress for different urban planning and design options.
Influence of channel geometry on water levels above siphonic roof outlets
Authors: Beecham Simon , Lucke Terry 
Published: December 2012

This paper describes a full-scale experimental investigation into the effects of box gutter geometry on the open channel flow conditions above siphonic roofwater outlets. In particular, the effects of channel width (300, 400, 480 and 600 mm) and length (14.86 and 32.00 m) were investigated through measurements of flow rate, water depth and longitudinal velocity in the box gutter. The experimental results showed that for the same outlet flow rate, the depth of water in the gutter varied by up to 211% for the two different gutter lengths tested. Generally, the greatest water depths for the different flow rates were recorded in the 400-mm wide gutter and the lowest water depths were recorded in the 300-mm wide gutter. It was also found that the maximum flow rate through the single 110-mm diameter outlet varied depending on the width of the gutter. Practical application: The depth of water in the open channel box gutters above the outlets of siphonic drainage systems is an important design variable and it is imperative to be able to accurately estimate these water depths during all phases of operation to reduce flood damage risk. This research study has found that for the same flow rate, varying the length of gutter on either side of a siphonic outlet strongly influences the depth of water along the gutter and above the outlet. The results suggest that there may be an optimum gutter width and length for which different siphonic outlets may perform more efficiently.
Arthroscopic Retrograde Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation for Cartilage Lesions of the Tibial Plateau
Authors: Wajsfisz Anthony , Makridis Konstantinos G. , Djian Patrick 
Published: December 2012

Background: There are only 2 reported cases of arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantations regarding tibial plateau cartilage defects. Purpose: To present a detailed description of arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation of the tibial plateau as well as to provide its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with other techniques. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Four patients (3 men and 1 woman; mean age, 31.2 years) suffering from tibial plateau cartilage lesions underwent surgery. In each case, the lesions were caused by sports injuries. There were 3 lateral and 1 medial tibial plateau defects. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiological assessment was made by plain radiographs, CT arthroscans, and MRI. Results: The mean follow-up was 55 months (range, 52-60). The mean preoperative IKDC score was 53.5 (range, 37-66), while the mean postoperative IKDC score at final follow-up was 95.4 (range, 93.1-97.7). Regarding the KOOS calculation, there was significant improvement concerning each parameter after surgery. All patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure and returned to their previous activity level. Postoperative imaging showed very good adaptation and incorporation of the osteochondral autografts. Conclusion: Treatment of tibial plateau cartilage defects with arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation could be performed on a routine basis in clinical practice. The results were encouraging and showed good incorporation of the graft, a minimal failure rate, and satisfactory functional outcomes of patients.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Transosseous Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Salata Michael J. , Sherman Seth L. , Lin Emery C. , Sershon Robert A. , Gupta Aman , Shewman Elizabeth , Wang Vincent M. , Cole Brian J. , Romeo Anthony A. , Verma Nikhil N. 
Published: December 2012

Background: Suture anchor fixation has become the preferred method for arthroscopic repairs of rotator cuff tears. Recently, newer arthroscopic repair techniques including transosseous-equivalent repairs with anchors or arthroscopic transosseous suture passage have been developed. Purpose: To compare the initial biomechanical performance including ultimate load to failure and localized cyclic elongation between transosseous-equivalent repair with anchors (TOE), traditional transosseous repair with a curved bone tunnel (TO), and an arthroscopic transosseous repair technique utilizing a simple (AT) or X-box suture configuration (ATX). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-eight human cadaveric shoulders were dissected to create an isolated supraspinatus tear and randomized into 1 of 4 repair groups (TOE, TO, AT, ATX). Tensile testing was conducted to simulate the anatomic position of the supraspinatus with the arm in 60° of abduction and involved an initial preload, cyclic loading, and pull to failure. Localized elongation during testing was measured using optical tracking. Data were statistically assessed using analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: The TOE repair demonstrated a significantly higher mean ± SD failure load (558.4 ± 122.9 N) compared with the TO (325.3 ± 79.9 N), AT (291.7 ± 57.9 N), and ATX (388.5 ± 92.6 N) repairs ( P < .05). There was also a significantly larger amount of first-cycle excursion in the AT group (8.19 ± 1.85 mm) compared with the TOE group (5.10 ± 0.89 mm). There was no significant difference between repair groups in stiffness during maximum load to failure or in normalized cyclic elongation. Failure modes were as follows: TOE, tendon (n = 4) and bone (n = 3); TO, suture (n = 6) and bone (n = 1); AT, tendon (n = 2) and bone (n = 3) and suture (n = 1); ATX, tendon (n = 7). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that anchorless repair techniques using transosseous sutures result in significantly lower failure loads than a repair model utilizing anchors in a TOE construct. Clinical Relevance: Suture anchor repair appears to offer superior biomechanical properties to transosseous repairs regardless of tunnel or suture configuration.