bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraud at the Global Fund? A viewpoint
Authors: Brown Jonathan C. , Griekspoor Wilfred 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has contributed to remarkable health improvements in the three diseases since its creation in 2002. However, media reports about “astonishing losses” and fraud in Fund programs in 2011 caused several donors to suspend funding. The Fund's annual round of new financing was canceled, and a substantial reform program is being implemented. Two former senior managers of the Fund contend that fraud was never a major problem; rather than imposing harsh new controls on recipient countries that might impede health outcomes, the Fund should maintain the core elements of its innovative model and make selective rather than sweeping changes in its operations.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking Tier‐One Universities: “Keeping Up with the Joneses”
Authors: Valcik Nicolas A. , Scruton Kimberly E. , Murchison Stuart B. , Benavides Ted J. , Jordan Todd , Stigdon Andrea D. , Olszewski Angela M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis chapter researches whether a link exists between public top‐tier institutions and their host municipalities. The study then researches whether the same link exists in the state of Texas's “Emerging Universities.”
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS AND JOB SATISFACTION: CLUSTERING ANALYSIS USING EVIDENTIAL C‐MEANS AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES
Authors: Beynon Malcolm J. , Heffernan Margaret , McDermott Aoife M. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThe psychological contract refers to an individual employee's belief in mutual obligations between them and their employer. Psychological contracts are a key management concern, as they can impact employees' attitudes and behaviors in ways that influence organizational efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between the psychological contract and facets of job satisfaction among non‐profit sector employees, using the nascent non‐hierarchical evidential c‐means (ECM) clustering technique. To date, this technique has been theoretically discussed but not widely applied. Based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence, ECM is novel in facilitating the assignment of objects, not only to single clusters, but to sets of clusters, and no clusters (outliers).The paper compares the theoretical underpinnings and findings from ECM with those of three other well‐known clustering techniques, namely (1) the hierarchical Ward's method, (2) the non‐hierarchical crisp k‐means and (3) the non‐hierarchical fuzzy c‐means approaches. We present and interpret the cluster solutions from each clustering technique. We establish three clusters differentiated by the content of the employees' psychological contracts. These clusters are validated by considering their relationship with facets of job satisfaction, to ensure the clusters are theoretically meaningful. Comparisons of the findings from each technique: (1) provide insights into the relationship between the psychological contract and job satisfaction; (2) reveal what ECM encompasses, relative to other clustering techniques; (3) inform the selection of an appropriate clustering technique for a specific research problem; and (4) demonstrate potential future directions in the development of cluster analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laypersons' expectations of recovery and beliefs about whiplash injury: A cross‐cultural comparison between Australians and Singaporeans
Authors: Ng T.S. , Bostick G. , Pedler A. , Buchbinder R. , Vicenzino B. , Sterling M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundBeliefs and expectations are thought to influence outcome following whiplash injury. Studies have proposed a link between rates of chronic whiplash and laypersons' expectations about outcome following a motor vehicle accident. The prevalence of chronic whiplash is relatively high in Australia and apparently low in Singapore. This study's objectives were to compare laypersons' beliefs and expectations of recovery of whiplash injury in Brisbane and Singapore and to assess the effect of demographic factors on whiplash beliefs.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using online surveys was conducted on adult Internet users in Brisbane (Australia) and Singapore. The 14‐item whiplash beliefs questionnaire (WBQ) was used to evaluate whiplash beliefs. Two additional items assessed expectations of recovery. Individual items of WBQ, WBQ score and expectations of recovery were analysed. Stratified analysis was performed to adjust for sampling bias due to quota sampling.ResultsA total of 402 participants from Singapore and 411 participants from Brisbane, Australia, completed the survey. While participants from Singapore demonstrated slightly more negative whiplash beliefs than participants from Brisbane [t(811) = −5.72; p < 0.0001], participants from both samples were similar in their expectations of quick recovery and return to normal activities following whiplash injury. Only gender had a significant effect on whiplash beliefs [estimated marginal means of WBQ score for men = 21.5; standard error (SE) = 0.20; women = 22.5; SE = 0.20; F(1,810) = 11.2; p = 0.001].ConclusionsLaypersons' expectations of recovery and beliefs about whiplash injury in Brisbane and Singapore were generally similar and mostly positive. Our results demonstrate that cultural differences reflected by laypersons' beliefs may not reflect the differences in prevalence of chronic whiplash between countries.
Pain‐related symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers and depressed parents: A 31‐year follow‐up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Pelkonen E.S.J. , Mäki P.H. , Kyllönen M.A. , Miettunen J.A. , Taanila A.M. , Sipilä K.K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are clinical problems involving the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Aspects of the aetiology of TMD are controversial. Many studies have identified an association between depression and TMD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between both maternal antenatal depression and parental depression during the offspring's childhood with TMD symptoms of the offspring during adulthood and to evaluate the effect of the offspring's own depression on this association.MethodsIn the general population‐based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966), mothers of 12,058 children were asked at mid‐gestation at the antenatal clinic if they felt depressed. Of these offspring who had data available on TMD symptoms in the computer‐aided inquiry at the 31‐year field study, a final study data of 5541 subjects was compiled. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to identify depression in the parents between the years 1972 and 1984 (when offspring were 6–18 years old).ResultsThere were no statistically significant associations between TMD symptoms and maternal antenatal depressed mood. However, parental depression during the offspring's childhood associated significantly with facial pain [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.64; 1.05–2.56] and with TMJ pain at jaw rest (OR = 1.81; 1.13–2.89), even after adjusting for gender, occupation of the father, family type at birth and the offspring's self‐reported depression in adulthood.ConclusionThe risk for TMD symptoms is not elevated in the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers. Parental depression during an offspring's childhood increases the risk of pain‐related TMD symptoms in their early adulthood.
Inhibition of ZEB1 reverses EMT and chemoresistance in docetaxel‐resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Ren Jin , Chen Yitian , Song Haizhu , Chen Longbang , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDocetaxel has been used as one of the first‐line chemotherapies in solid tumors including advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited responses to chemotherapy are observed in clinic and the molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Emerging evidence suggests that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the processes of tumor metastasis as well as resistance towards anticancer agents. In this study, it was observed that docetaxel‐resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (SPC‐A1/DTX) was typical of mesenchymal phenotype. SPC‐A1/DTX cell line has increased migratory and invasive capacity both in vitro and in vivo. Among the master EMT‐inducing transcriptional factors, ZEB1 was found to be significantly increased in SPC‐A1/DTX cell line. ZEB1 knockdown with RNA interference could reverse the EMT phenotype and inhibit the migratory ability of SPC‐A1/DTX cells. Furthermore, inhibition of ZEB1 significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of SPC‐A1/DTX cells to docetaxel in vitro and in vivo and ectopic expression of ZEB1 increased the chemoresistance of SPC‐A1 cells to docetaxel. All these results provide experimental evidence that ZEB1 might be an attractive target for the treatment of human NSCLC. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1395–1403, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combinatorial Library Synthesis of N‐arylquinoline Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Moshtaghi Zonouz Adeleh , Raeisolsadati Oskouei Mina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractN‐aryl quinoline derivatives have been prepared by sequential one‐pot reaction of dimedone, aniline, malononitrile and arylaldehydes. The reactions were performed in two different conditions, refluxing in ethanol without catalyst and heating in ethanol/water (1:1) in the presence of imidazole as an organocatalyst. Use of organocatalyst causes shorter reaction times and higher yields.
Ionic Liquid in Synthesis: A Phase Transfer Reagent and a Redox Mediating Medium
Authors: Lin Guei‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Chin , Lin Su‐Ching , Wen Yuh‐Sheng , Liu Ling‐Kang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) with chloride anion or bromide anion were attempted as a phase transfer reagent to depolymerize MX2 (M = Pt, Pd; X = Br, Cl) in chloroform for reaction with 2,2′‐bipyridine (= bpy) to give the (bpy)MX2 product. Supersonic irradiation of equiv‐molar bpy, PdX2, and IL in CHCl3 produced almost quantitative precipitate of (bpy)PdX2 in a short time at ambient temperature, where IL is either [BEIm]Br or [BMIm]Br. That is, ILs and sono‐techniques assisted greatly on the synthesis of (bpy)PdX2. For preparation of (bpy)PtX2, nonetheless, free bpy always remained in mixture even after a long time of supersonic treatment. The system of equiv‐molar bpy, PtBr2, and IL in CHCl3, produced yellow (bpy)PtBr2 and orange (bpy)PtBr4, both being characterized with 1H NMR and 195Pt NMR in d6‐Me2SO as well as with single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Overall for PtX2 reactions with halide anions in highly polar environments attributable to ILs, the redox pathway becomes important in that Pt(II) transforms to Pt(IV) to yield (bpy)PtBr2 and (bpy)PtBr4.
Hyperthermia inhibits homologous recombination repair and sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation in a time‐ and temperature‐dependent manner
Authors: Genet Stefan C. , Fujii Yoshihiro , Maeda Junko , Kaneko Masami , Genet Matthew D. , Miyagawa Kiyoshi , Kato Takamitsu A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHyperthermia has long been known as a radio‐sensitizing agent that displays anti‐tumor effects, and has been developed as a therapeutic application. The mechanisms of hyperthermia‐induced radio‐sensitization are highly associated with inhibition of DNA repair. Our investigations aimed to show how hyperthermia inactivate homologous recombination repair in the process of sensitizing cells to ionizing radiation by using a series of DNA repair deficient Chinese Hamster cells. Significant differences in cellular toxicity attributable to hyperthermia at and above 42.5°C were observed. In wild‐type and non‐homologous end joining repair mutants, cells in late S phase showed double the amount heat‐induced radio‐sensitization effects of G1‐phase cells. Both radiation‐induced DNA double strand breaks and chromatin damage resulting from hyperthermia exposure was measured to be approximately two times higher in G2‐phase cells than G0/G1 cells. Additionally, G2‐phase cells took approximately two times as long to repair DNA damage over time than G0/G1‐phase cells. To supplement these findings, radiation‐induced Rad51 foci formations at DNA double strand break sites were observed to gradually dissociate in response to the temperature and time of hyperthermia exposure. Dissociated Rad51 proteins subsequently re‐formed foci at damage sites with time, and occurred in a trend also related to temperature and time of hyperthermia exposure. These findings suggest Rad51's dissociation and subsequent reformation at DNA double strand break sites in response to varying hyperthermia conditions plays an important role in hyperthermia‐induced radio‐sensitization. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1473–1481, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intratumoral, not circulating, endothelial progenitor cells share genetic aberrations with glial tumor cells
Authors: Zheng Ping‐Pin , van der Weiden Marcel , van der Spek Peter J. , Vincent Arnaud J.P.E. , Kros Johan M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLiterature data indicate that glioma stem cells may give rise to both tumor cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Malignant glioma patients usually have increased levels of circulating (EPCs) and these cells are known to contribute to the glioma neovasculature. In this study we compared the intratumoral and circulating EPCs of glioma patients for a set of common glioma genotypical aberrations (amplification of EGFR; deletion of PTEN and aneusomy of chromosomes 7 and 10). We found that the EPCs present in the tumor tissues, not the circulating EPCs, share genetic aberrations with the tumor cells. EPCs with EGFR amplification were found in 46% and with PTEN deletion in 36% of the cases. EPCs with polysomy 7 and monosomy 10 were detected in 56% and 38% of the cases while centrosomal abnormalities in EPCs were found in 68% of the cases. The presence of genetic aberrations of glioma cells in intratumoral EPCs may point to transdifferentiation of glioma stem cells into EPCs. However, the tissue specific CD133 splice variant of blood EPCs was detected in the glioma tissues but not in control brains, suggestive of a blood origin of at least part of the intratumoral EPCs. The findings highlight the complexity of the cellular constituents of glioma neovascularization which should be taken into account when developing anti‐angiogenic strategies for gliomas. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1383–1390, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of zeolite X from low‐grade bauxite
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Zhou Jiti , Wang Yu , Yang Minxia , Li Yiwen , Meng Changgong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDZeolite X is one of the most important synthetic zeolites and has been used extensively. Therefore, to satisfy its high demand the synthesis of zeolite X from inexpensive sources is very desirable. Low‐grade bauxite, an inexpensive aluminium and silicon source has been used to synthesize zeolite A. In the present paper, the production of zeolite X from this inexpensive low‐grade bauxite is attempted for the first time.RESULTSThe combination of alkali fusion activation and hydrothermal reaction synthesis provides a successful method to synthesize zeolite X from this low‐grade bauxite. The molar ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/SiO2andH2O/Na2O are the most crucial parameters, which determine the phase composition and crystallinity of products. Using sodium silicate solution to adjust SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio, highly crystallized zeolite X is achieved under the optimized experimental conditions of 2Na2O: 0.2Al2O3: 1SiO2: 76H2O at 95°C for 24 h. The synthesized zeolite X was further characterized by SEM, BET, FT‐IR, and thermal stability.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the inexpensive raw material can be utilized to synthesize highly‐crystallized zeolite X under optimized experimental conditions.
Two paleoecological histories spanning the period of human settlement in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Raczka Marco F. , De Oliveira Paulo E. , Bush Mark , McMichael Crystal H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe absence of human occupation sites in southeastern Brazil during the mid Holocene has been referred to as the 'Archaic Gap' (8970–1940 cal. a BP) and is predicted to have resulted from increased aridity. A ca. 14 000 cal. a pollen history from two well‐dated lake sediment cores located within the archeological district of Lagoa Santa, in the State of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, was used to test this hypothesis. Our analyses indicated that the present cerrado and tropical semi‐deciduous forest mosaic persisted throughout the mid Holocene, until ca. 5500 cal. a BP, and the Lagoa Santa region did not experience especially dry conditions during the Holocene period. The early Holocene pollen spectra contained an assemblage of cold‐adapted taxa such as Podocarpus, Myrsine and Araucaria, co‐occurring with taxa from cerrado, e.g. Caryocar. A replacement of cold taxa by the modern cerrado–semi‐deciduous forest vegetation took place progressively, but appears to have been completed by the mid Holocene. No evidence of sustained drought was found in sedimentation or forest composition, nor any prolonged dry event in the study region. Holocene dryness as an explanation for the abandonment of Lagoa Santa region is not supported by the palynological analyses conducted in this study. Rather it is suggested that unpredictable climate may have underlain that abandonment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remarks on gaps in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathrm{Dense}(\mathbb {Q})/\mathbf {nwd}}$\end{document}
Authors: Kankaanpää Teppo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe structure \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Dense}(\mathbb {Q})/\mathbf {nwd}$\end{document} and gaps in analytic quotients of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathscr {P}(\omega )$\end{document} have been studied in the literature 2, 3, 1. We prove that the structures \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Dense}(\mathbb {Q})/\mathbf {nwd}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathscr {P}(\mathbb {Q})/\mathbf {nwd}$\end{document} have gaps of type \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$(\mathrm{add}(\mathscr {M}), \omega )$\end{document}, and there are no (λ, ω)‐gaps for \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\lambda < \mathrm{add}(\mathscr {M})$\end{document}, where \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{add}(\mathscr {M})$\end{document} is the additivity number of the meager ideal. We also prove the existence of (ω1, ω1)‐gaps in these structures. Finally we characterize the cofinality of the meager ideal \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{cof}(\mathscr {M})$\end{document} using families of sets in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb,mathrsfs}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathrm{Dense}(\mathbb {Q})/\mathbf {nwd}$\end{document}.
Nanocomposites Based on ZnO Modified Polymer Blends
Authors: Merijs Meri R. , Bochkov I. , Grigalovca A. , Zicans J. , Grabis J. , Kotsilkova R. , Borovanska I. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Ethylene‐octene copolymer (EOC) modified polypropylene (PP) and polyoxymethylene (POM) were used as matrices for development of ZnO modified composites. EOC content in the composites was 10, 30 and 50 wt%, while ZnO content was 2 and 5 wt%. It was determined that addition of ZnO increased stiffness, strength and thermal resistance, as well as decreased coefficient of friction of the investigated composites. Somewhat greater increase of these characteristics was observed at 2 wt% of ZnO. Properties ZnO modified composites are also strongly affected by incompatibility of it ingredients, especially at higher EOC content.
Microstructural Evolutions of Polymer Blends by Statistical Analysis: Influence of Compatibilizer on Break‐up and Coalescence Processes
Authors: Zuev V. V. , Bronnikov S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Statistical analysis of the size distribution of a polymer minor phase droplets was successfully applied for the characterization of morphology in a LDPE/PA6 blend (75/25 wt/wt) obtained after mixing with adding SEBS‐g‐MA(S) compatibilizer and/or organoclay 20A. It was shown that the developed approach provided detailed analysis of the morphology development in the polymer blends, including the primary droplets formation of the minor polymer phase and their break‐up and coalescence. The introduction of organoclay increased the break‐up of primary droplets and completely suppressed their coalescence. The addition of compatibilizer S, in contrast to nanoclay, did not suppress coalescence but the mean size of the primary droplets as well the droplets formed at coalescence strongly reduced. The combined addition of compatibilizer S and nanoclay did not change the morphology development of the LDPE/PA6 blend. Both processes of the droplet transformation were accelerated, similar to the system with addition of compatibilizer S only. However, the increase of nanoclay amount disturbed break‐up of the primary droplets, and the mean size of these droplets increases. Thereafter, the mean size of droplets formed at coalescence also increased. The results of statistical analysis of phase morphology were found to correlate with the mechanical properties of the polymer blends. The fine dispersion of the minor polymer phase improved the stiffness of the polymer blends. For enhanced impact properties, the presence of relatively broad distribution of the minor polymer phase is necessary.
Fluorinated Polyurethanes: XPS and AFM Characterization
Authors: Penoff M. , Schreiner W. , Oyanguren P. , Montemartini P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: Fluorinated polyurethane films were obtained from 5‐isocyanato‐1‐(isocyanatomethyl)‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐cyclohexane (IPDI) and polyethylene oxide (PEO), employing two monoalcohols with different chain lenghts as fluorinated modifiers, 1H,1H,2H,2H‐tridecafluoro‐1‐n‐octanol (EA600) and 1H,1H,2H,2H‐heptadecafluoro‐1‐n‐decanol (EA800). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has demonstrated that fluorine surface enrichment takes place. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed in order to characterize films surfaces, in terms of topography and differences in hydrophobicity from light and moderate tapping conditions.
Effect of the Different Sizes of the Alfa on the Physical, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of PVC/Alfa Composites
Authors: Boukerrou A. , Hamour N. , Djidjelli H. , Hammiche D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSummary: The changes in mechanical properties and the water absorption capacity of poly (vinyl chloride)/alfa fibre composites were studied as a function of alfa fibre content (10, 20 and 30 wt %) and its particle size. The study showed that composites samples exhibited higher tensile modulus compared with the virgin PVC, whereas elongation at break and tensile strength were observed to decline. Moreover, the amount of absorbed water depends on the amount of fibre in the composite. The comparison of the results obtained from the samples with different sizes 160, 200, 250, and 315 µm called F160, F200, F250 and F315 and the virgin PVC indicated that the presence of small particle sizes exhibited a beneficial effect on the water absorption by improving the quality of adhesion between polymer and fiber.