bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrinkle reduction in post‐menopausal women consuming a novel oral supplement: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized study
Authors: Jenkins G. , Wainwright L. J. , Holland R. , Barrett K. E. , Casey J. 
Published: August 2013

SynopsisObjectiveThe maintenance of youthful skin appearance is strongly desired by a large proportion of the world's population. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effect on skin wrinkling, of a combination of ingredients reported to influence key factors involved in skin ageing, namely inflammation, collagen synthesis and oxidative/UV stress. A supplemented drink was developed containing soy isoflavones, lycopene, vitamin C and vitamin E and given to post‐menopausal women with a capsule containing fish oil.MethodWe have performed a double‐blind randomized controlled human clinical study to assess whether this cocktail of dietary ingredients can significantly improve the appearance of facial wrinkles.ResultsWe have shown that this unique combination of micronutrients can significantly reduce the depth of facial wrinkles and that this improvement is associated with increased deposition of new collagen fibres in the dermis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that consumption of a mixture of soy isoflavones, lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E and fish oil is able to induce a clinically measureable improvement in the depth of facial wrinkles following long‐term use. We have also shown, for the first time with an oral product, that the improvement is associated with increased deposition of new collagen fibres in the dermis.
Sodium Excess Ta‐Modified (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Ceramics Prepared by Reactive Template Grain Growth Method
Authors: Hussain Ali , Maqbool Adnan , Kim Jin Soo , Song Tae Kwon , Kim Myong Ho , Kim Won Jong , Kim Sang Su 
Published: August 2013

Lead‐free sodium excess Ta‐modified (K0.470Na0.545)(Nb0.55Ta0.45)O3 (KNNT) ceramics were synthesized by a conventional and reactive templated grain growth methods, and their degree of grain orientation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and field‐induced strain properties were systematically investigated. A high degree of grain orientation (Lotgering factor F = 80%) was obtained in textured KNNT ceramics. Results showed that textured KNNT ceramics exhibit high grain orientation, dielectric constant, and field‐induced strain as compared to nontextured samples of the same composition. Room temperature unipolar field‐induced strain of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics was enhanced from 0.080% for nontextured sample to 0.115% for textured sample, and their corresponding dynamic piezoelectric coefficients () were improved from 320 pm/V to 460 pm/V, respectively.
Neural network models to classify olive oils within the protected denomination of origin framework
Authors: Torrecilla José S. , Cancilla John C. , Matute Gemma , Díaz‐Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA computerised approach to vastly reduce the experimental information required (number of independent variables) to classify similar extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) is presented. It is based on the application of a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and further analysis of the obtained results using differential calculations. To validate this new model, it has been applied for the classification of 147 EVOO samples into four similar families. The oil samples employed came from two types of protected denomination of origin (PDO) oils and two non‐PDO from the same Spanish province (Granada). This approach results in a new method that reduces the necessary size of the databases used, without an appreciable loss of information, by over 82%. The percentage of misclassifications using less data points is similar to the results achieved using the whole database (less than 0.90%).
Changes in mineral absorption inhibitors consequent to fermentation of Ethiopian injera: implications for predicted iron bioavailability and bioaccessibility
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Mouquet‐Rivier Claire , Icard‐Vernière Christèle , Picq Christian , Guyot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2013

SummaryPossible changes in mineral bioavailability during processing of different types of injera sampled in Ethiopian households were assessed using different methods: phytic acid/mineral molar ratio, absorption prediction algorithm and in vitro availability measurements. Most foods analysed were rich in iron, but most of the iron likely resulted from soil contamination. The highest iron, zinc and calcium contents were found in teff–white sorghum (TwS) injera and flour. The lowest phytic acid/Fe and phytic acid/Zn molar ratios were found in barley–wheat (BW) and wheat–red sorghum (WrS) injeras. Although ideal phytic acid/Fe molar ratios (<0.4) were found in BW and WrS injeras, no significant difference between in vitro iron bioaccessibility and algorithm predicted absorption was observed. In injera, phytic acid degradation alone is unlikely to improve iron bioavailability, suggesting interactions with other absorption inhibitors. The use of phytic acid/Fe molar ratios to predict bioavailability may thus be less appropriate for iron‐contaminated foods.
Population processes in south‐west Scanian Sand martins (Riparia riparia)
Authors: Persson Christer 
Published: August 2013

The sex ratio changes in Sand martin populations, described in Persson (19876), will by definition act as a control loop to the ‘reproduction amplifier’ of the population. Age structure integrates the effect over a couple of years, thereby creating the specific time‐lag of three to four years. One hypothesis of this paper suggests that these changes are intentional, a true feedback from the population level or the overall sex ratio. The main advantage of a feedback is to stabilize a system against parameter variations, in the present case primarily ‘catastrophic’ winter mortality and/or reproduction failure. In consequence the observed cycle is at least the by‐product of an adaptation. If numerical values of r (the intrinsic rate of natural increase) and Tare introduced into the equations defining limit values of an age‐structured model, its dynamic behaviour will be confined between diverging and damped oscillations, leaving a stable limit cycle as a very probable outcome.The disturbance creating a need for regulation may be epitomized as a variation of equilibrium levels. This variation must be dependent on African drought, and perhaps ultimately on the sunspot cycle (the second hypothesis of the paper). Regulation as an adaptation is created (and probably maintained) by means of group‐selection; it has earlier been shown (Persson, 1978) that one prerequisite for group selection is at hand; the study population is virtually confined within the census area. The ‘vulnerability’ (Persson, 19873) of maximum populations complicates the picture. Additional vulnerability may result from a conflict between individual selection and group selection‐young birds with high breeding fitness attempting double broods when they should not‐that is injurious to perfect regulation.
Pre‐Trial Reported Defendants in the Netherlands with Intellectual Disability, Borderline and Normal Intellectual Functioning
Authors: Vinkers David J. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundIntellectually disabled offenders may have different characteristics than offenders with average intellectual functioning. We therefore compared pre‐trial reported defendants with an IQ score ≤70, 71–84 and ≥85 points.MethodsNationwide database of pre‐trial psychiatric reports requested by Dutch courts between 2000 and 2006 with a reported level of intellectual functioning (n = 12 186).ResultsDefendants with an IQ score between 71 and 84 (n = 2 439 reports; 20.0%) and ≤70 (n = 539 reports; 4.4%) were younger, more often from an ethnic minority and more often diagnosed with psycho‐organic syndromes, developmental and conduct disorders as compared with defendants with an IQ score of 85 or higher. In addition, there was an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and rape as indicted crime and a decreased odds ratio of having a steady job and cannabis abuse in defendants with an IQ score of 71–84.ConclusionIntellectually disabled defendants have different characteristics than defendants without intellectually disability.
Offending by People with Intellectual Disabilities in Community Settings: A Preliminary Examination of Contextual Factors
Authors: Wheeler Jessica R. , Clare Isabel C. H. , Holland Anthony J. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundWhile several validated measures of the life circumstances of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been developed, this stream of research has not yet been well integrated with environmentally oriented criminological theory to explain offending among people with ID. In this study, we attempt to provide a preliminary integration through an investigation of the relationship between contemporary life experiences, well‐being, choice and offending among people with ID, exploring the relevance of two classic criminological theories (theories of strain and social control).Materials and MethodsQuestionnaire measures were used to compare a range of ‘ordinary’ life experiences [the ‘Life Experiences Checklist’ (LEC)], subjective well‐being (the ‘Personal Well‐being Index – ID’) and the extent of choice (the ‘Choice Questionnaire’), between offenders (N = 27) and non‐offenders (N = 19) with ID recruited through integrated (NHS and Local Authority) multi‐disciplinary teams (community teams for adults with learning disabilities).ResultsUsing regression analyses to explore the strength of associations with offending, it was found that an indicator of impoverished personal relationships, from the LEC provided the best predictor of offending. This finding appears to favour criminological explanations based on social control.ConclusionsExisting measures of life circumstances can be used to explore environmentally oriented criminological theories, bringing benefits to our understanding and treatment of offenders with ID living in community settings.
Why Do Some People with Intellectual Disability Engage in Offending Behaviour and What Can We Do About It? Editorial
Authors: Lindsay William R. , Hastings Richard P. , Beail Nigel 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe field of forensic intellectual disabilities has been developing rapidly over the last 15 years. Much of the work has been built on research in mainstream criminality but more recently studies have emerged that reveal issues specific to offenders with intellectual disability.MethodResearch on pathways into offending is reviewed with reference to its relevance to the field of intellectual disability. We also summarize some findings on pathways into and through services for offenders with intellectual disability.FindingsStudies reveal that developmental adversity is an important risk variable. Previous and recent aggression are potent risk factors. New evidence suggests that immediate, proximal risk factors may be more important in this client group. The studies in this issue add to the knowledge on pathways into offending, important areas for assessment and effective treatments as well as advancing knowledge in the academic literature on general criminality.
Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Older Nursing Home Residents’ Self‐Reported Quality of Life
Authors: Xu Dongjuan , Kane Robert L. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of urinary incontinence (UI) on elderly nursing home (NH) residents’ self‐reported quality of life (QOL), especially on the specific QOL domains most closely associated with UI.DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and Minnesota Nursing Home Report Card data in 2010 to compare overall QOL and its domains of residents with and without UI using propensity scores and inverse probability weighting (IPW) adjustments to reduce selection bias.SettingAll Medicare‐ or Medicaid‐licensed NHs in Minnesota.ParticipantsAll residents aged 65 and older except those with conditions that could readily overwhelm the effect of UI on QOL, such as coma and cerebral palsy.MeasurementsUrinary incontinence (UI) was defined as leakage two or more times a week (score ≥2 on MDS 5‐point scale), and continence was defined as continent or usually continent (score 0 or 1 on MDS 5‐point scale). QOL was assessed using a self‐reported QOL questionnaire that measured general QOL, not QOL specific to UI symptoms.ResultsUrinary incontinence (UI) prevalence was 65.8% in 10,683 older NH residents. Self‐reported QOL was good (>0.7 on a scale from 0 to 1) in 8,620 eligible residents in 371 NHs. Mood and meaningful activity domains had lower scores; dignity had the highest score. UI was associated with being older and female, ADL dependence, impaired cognitive ability, Alzheimer's disease, non‐Alzheimer's dementia, bowel incontinence, diabetes mellitus, and long‐term NH stay. Bivariate analysis found that residents with UI had lower QOL than those without. Using IPW to reduce selection bias, it was found that, although UI was not associated with overall QOL, it decreased the QOL domains of dignity, autonomy, and mood.ConclusionTo improve the QOL of residents with UI, attention should be paid to dignity, autonomy, and mood.
Lactate administration reproduces specific brain and liver exercise‐related changes
Authors: E Lezi , Lu Jianghua , Selfridge J. Eva , Burns Jeffrey M. , Swerdlow Russell H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe effects of exercise are not limited to muscle, and its ability to mitigate some chronic diseases is under study. A more complete understanding of how exercise impacts non‐muscle tissues might facilitate design of clinical trials and exercise mimetics. Here, we focused on lactate's ability to mediate changes in liver and brain bioenergetic‐associated parameters. In one group of experiments, C57BL/6 mice underwent 7 weeks of treadmill exercise sessions at intensities intended to exceed the lactate threshold. Over time, the mice dramatically increased their lactate threshold. To ensure that plasma lactate accumulated during the final week, the mice were run to exhaustion. In the liver, mRNA levels of gluconeogenesis‐promoting genes increased. While peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma co‐activator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α) expression increased, there was a decrease in PGC‐1β expression, and overall gene expression changes favored respiratory chain down‐regulation. In the brain, PGC‐1α and PGC‐1β were unchanged, but PGC‐1‐related co‐activator expression and mitochondrial DNA copy number increased. Brain tumor necrosis factor alpha expression fell, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor A expression rose. In another group of experiments, exogenously administered lactate was found to reproduce some but not all of these observed liver and brain changes. Our data suggest that lactate, an exercise byproduct, could mediate some of the effects exercise has on the liver and the brain, and that lactate itself can act as a partial exercise mimetic.
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In mice, exercise induces liver peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma co‐activator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α) mRNA, increases gluconeogenesis, but otherwise minimally affects respiration infrastructure. Brain PGC‐1‐related co‐activator (PRC) mRNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) mRNA increase, whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA decreases. Lactate injection reproduces some, but not all, of these effects. Exercise‐generated lactate, therefore, likely mediates some exercise‐associated liver and brain effects.
Framing and Interorganizational Knowledge Transfer: A Process Study of Collaborative Innovation in the Aircraft Industry
Authors: van Burg Elco , Berends Hans , van Raaij Erik M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article explains how and why organizational actors' decisions about interorganizational knowledge transfer might change over time. We find that organizational actors' framing of future innovation developments, as either an opportunity or a threat, motivates them to engage or disengage in interorganizational knowledge transfer activities. Shifts in framing lead organizational actors to leverage their relational context and knowledge base in new ways, thereby emphasizing the role of agency in drawing upon these structures. These findings are incorporated into a process model that explains discontinuous change in interorganizational knowledge transfer.
Ethics in the Production and Dissemination of Management Research: Institutional Failure or Individual Fallibility?
Authors: Honig Benson , Lampel Joseph , Siegel Donald , Drnevich Paul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOver the past 50 years, we have witnessed considerable growth in business education, increased competition among business schools, and higher expectations for faculty scholarship. Increasing competition among scholars for limited publication opportunities in top‐tier journals and the proliferation of bottom‐tier journals has given rise to a variety of systemic ethical issues and dilemmas, for scholars and their institutions. In this article, we critically examine the current state of normative publishing activities and expectations, including doctoral education, promotion and tenure processes and research expectations, editorial and peer review processes, academic freedom, acceptable breadth, depth, and accuracy or legitimacy of research designs and methodologies, academic integrity, replication, and data availability concerning the trends and implications of contemporary and future management scholarship. We also provide recommendations for additional research and discussion on these issues.
Lifelong Pathways to Longevity: Personality, Relationships, Flourishing, and Health
Authors: Kern Margaret L. , Della Porta Serenity S. , Friedman Howard S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBuilding upon decades of research with the lifelong (nine‐decade) Terman Life Cycle Study, we present a life pathway model for understanding human thriving that accounts for long‐term individual difference in health and longevity, with a particular focus on child personality and adult social relationships. Developing data derived and supplemented from the Terman study (N = 570 males, 451 females), we employed regression and survival analyses to test models of childhood personality predicting adult psychosocial factors (subjective well‐being, family relationships, community involvement, subjective achievement, hardships) and subsequent longevity. Child personality differentially related to midlife social relationships, well‐being, and hardships. Conscientiousness and good social relationships predicted longer life, whereas subjective well‐being was unrelated to mortality risk. Examining multiple life factors across long time periods uncovers important pathways through which personality relates to premature mortality or longevity. Typical stress‐and‐illness models are untenable and should be replaced with life span trajectory approaches.
Molecular and morphological diversity of Narragansett Bay (RI, USA) Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) populations
Authors: Guidone Michele , Thornber Carol , Wysor Brian , O'Kelly Charles J. 
Published: August 2013

Macroalgal bloom‐forming species occur in coastal systems worldwide. However, due to overlapping morphologies in some taxa, accurate taxonomic assessment and classification of these species can be quite challenging. We investigated the molecular and morphological characteristics of 153 specimens of bloom‐forming Ulva located in and around Narragansett Bay, RI, USA. We analyzed sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 region (ITS1) and the chloroplast‐encoded rbcL; based on the ITS1 data, we grouped the specimens into nine operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Eight of these OTUs have been previously reported to exist, while one is novel. Of the eight OTUs, all shared sequence identity with previously published sequences or differed by less than 1.5% sequence divergence for two molecular markers. Previously, 10 species names were reported for Ulva in Rhode Island (one blade and nine tube‐forming species) based upon morphological classification alone. Of our nine OTUs, three contained blade‐forming specimens (U. lactuca, U. compressa, U. rigida), one OTU had a blade with a tubular stipe, and six contained unbranched and/or branched tubular morphologies (one of these six, U. compressa, had both a blade and a tube morphology). While the three blade‐forming OTUs in Narragansett Bay can frequently be distinguished by careful observations of morphological characteristics, and spatial/temporal distribution, it is much more difficult to distinguish among the tube‐forming specimens based upon morphology or distribution alone. Our data support the molecular species concept for Ulva, and indicate that molecular‐based classifications of Ulva species are critical for proper species identification, and subsequent ecological assessment or mitigation of Ulva blooms.
A Structural Impairment Detection System Using Competitive Arrays of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Story Brett A. , Fry Gary T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractImpairments that occur in structural systems may degrade performance or prevent a structure from functioning safely. Detecting impairments prior to a structural failure reduces the effect of impairments on the safety of those using a structure. This article describes the computational framework of a Structural Impairment Detection System (SIDS) that processes the digital data streams of electronic sensors attached to critical components of a structure. The resulting system comprises a competitive array of neural networks that can accurately describe the types and severity of likely impairments present in the structure. The competitive array of neural networks is trained to detect patterns in data streams specific to likely target impairments. Data streams generated from ABAQUS models and from electronic sensors are used in training and evaluating the system. As part of the initial development of this SIDS, the counterweight truss of a 100‐year old railroad drawbridge was instrumented and evaluated. The resulting data streams were diagnosed autonomously by the SIDS as being similar to one of two operational conditions: unimpaired or a single impairment present in a member embedded within the counterweight. Further investigation of the counterweight truss is underway to verify the accuracy of the assessments.
Structural determinants stabilizing the axial channel of ClpP for substrate translocation
Authors: Alexopoulos John , Ahsan Bilal , Homchaudhuri Lopamudra , Husain Nabiha , Cheng Yi‐Qiang , Ortega Joaquin 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAcyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) antibiotics bind to Escherichia coli ClpP mimicking the interactions that the IGL/F loops in ClpA or ClpX ATPases establish with the hydrophobic pockets surrounding the axial pore of the tetradecamer that the protease forms. ADEP binding induces opening of the gates blocking the axial channel of ClpP and allowing protein substrates to be translocated and hydrolysed in the degradation chamber. To identify the structural determinants stabilizing the open conformation of the axial channel for efficient substrate translocation, we constructed ClpP variants with amino acid substitutions in the N‐terminal region that forms the axial gates. We found that adoption of a β‐hairpin loop by this region and the integrity of the hydrophobic cluster at the base of this loop are necessary elements for the axial gate to efficiently translocate protein substrates. Analysis of ClpP variants from Bacillus subtilis suggested that the identified structural requirements of the axial channel for efficient translocation are conserved between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation of ClpP by ADEPs as well as the gating mechanism of the protease in the context of the ClpAP and ClpXP complexes.