bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wpływ Internetu na polską gospodarkę – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Szmagier Marta 
Published: September 2013

Internet impact on the economy and the Polish cause – selected issues
The Internet changes our lives every day and we cannot deny that it has influence on the economy. But not all countries had the same opportunities. The United States of America, Sweden and the Republic of Korea gained access to the Internet earlier than Poland or the Czech Republic. This article shows differences in various areas of the internet economy between these states and emphasizes how important are innovations and new technologies in its evolution. It also points out that society plays a decisive role in economic changes.
Reformy służb specjalnych III RP
Authors: Gałka Mateusz 
Published: September 2013

Reforms of Special and Intelligence Services in the Third Republic of Poland
The aim of this article is to show the process of evolution the Polish Security Service after the political transformation of 1989. At first, the author presents the structure of Security Service under the communist regime. Then, he provides an analysis of the reform of the Security Service and its consequences. After a short presentation of every special and intelligence agency, the author focuses on their actual tasks and purposes. The article also presents some information about successes and failures of the Polish Special and Intelligence Services.
Od elitarności do masowości
Authors: Raczyńska Magdalena 
Published: September 2013

From elite to mass education. Diagnosis of the Polish higher education system after year 1989
Transformation that took place in 1989 in Poland paved the way for many reforms, including those in educational system. Poland became more open to Western influences, which resulted in a significant growth of the number of students and provided easier access to colleges and universities. However, nowadays (nearly 25 years later) it turns out that quantitative increase does not always entail qualitative increase. The quality of disseminated knowledge is now on a far lower level than it used to be in the 20th century. What is more – benefits derived from having a higher education diploma are less and less perceptible. This study is an attempt to make a diagnosis of the condition of the Polish higher education after the political transformation, so it includes not only the description of positive changes but also points out all the most important imperfections.
Heat distortion temperature of PPS/PC blend, PPS/PC nanocomposite and PPS/PC/GF hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) blended with polycarbonate (PC), reinforced glass fiber (GF) and nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) filled PPS ternary composite, as well as the PPS/PC/GF/nano-CaCO3 hybrid composite, were prepared by means of a twin-screw extruder, and the heat distortion temperature (Td) of these materials was measured to identify the influence of the PC and nano-CaCO3 content on the heatproof properties. The Td values for the PPS/PC blend were lower than that of the neat PPS, when the PC weight fraction (φPC) was less than 20%, and increased with increase in φPC. The Td values for the PPS/GF/nano-CaCO3 ternary composite, on which the particle surface was treated with a titanate coupler, were higher than that of the composite with the particle surface treated with a stearate coupler. When the nano-CaCO3 weight fraction (φf) was less than 6%, the Td values for the PPS/PC/GF/nano-CaCO3 hybrid composites increased with increasing φf; at greater than the maximum of 6%, Td decreased. There was a certain synergistic effect of the GF and nano-CaCO3 on the heatproof properties in the PPS/PC composite.
Evaluation of morphological characteristics and mechanical performance of Rockforce mineral fiber- and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 composites
Authors: Unal Huseyin , Mimaroglu A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this study, the effect of addition of Rockforce mineral and glass fiber fillers on the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of polyamide-6 composites were evaluated and compared. Reinforcements, single and mixed compounds by various weight ratios between 10 and 30 wt%, were added to polyamide-6 polymer. Uniaxial tensile, Izod impact, and flexural tests were carried out. Tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were obtained. The results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of polyamide-6 composite increased with the increase in the glass fiber ratio and are slightly influenced by the addition of Rockforce mineral fibers. Moreover, the impact strength follows an increasing and decreasing profile, whereas elongation at break values decreased with the increase in reinforcement ratio. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was used for comparison and evaluation of the fracture surface of the polyamide-6 composite.
Feasibility of Approximating Depth to Shallow Bedrock Directly from the Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curve
Authors: Tamrakar Prajwol , Luke Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A complementary pair of straightforward, data-driven techniques is presented for use in making an initial estimate of the depth to shallow bedrock for a simple profile consisting of homogeneous soil over bedrock, using only the high-frequency portion of the fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave dispersion curve. These techniques constitute tools that can be useful for developing high-quality starting models for the inversion process that is followed to resolve shear wave velocity profiles from Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and for conducting rapid checks on theoretical dispersion calculations. Synthetic studies addressed a suite of one-dimensional shear wave velocity profiles, each representing a homogeneous soft-sediment layer above the bedrock halfspace. The shapes of the dispersion curves and the wave velocities at the high-frequency limits of the curves were considered in order to develop an empirical relationship to estimate the depth to bedrock. A less subjective, but more time-intensive, estimate of the depth to bedrock is obtained by constructing a suite of master curves against which to compare the experimental data. Both tools were tested upon two experimental datasets collected at shallow bedrock sites. The tools accurately yielded the depth to bedrock in the presence of a homogeneous overburden. In the presence of a layered overburden, the tools were less effective.
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2012
Authors: Dyer Jessie L. , Wallace Ryan , Orciari Lillian , Hightower Dillon , Yager Pamela , Blanton Jesse D. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
SUMMARY—During 2012, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,162 rabid animals and 1 human rabies case to the CDC, representing a 2.1% increase from the 6,031 rabid animals and 6 human cases reported in 2011. Approximately 92% of reported rabid animals were wildlife. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 1,953 raccoons (31.7%), 1,680 bats (27.3%), 1,539 skunks (25.0%), 340 foxes (5.5%), 257 cats (4.2%), 115 cattle (1.9%), and 84 dogs (1.4%). Compared with 2011, there was a substantial increase in the number of rabid cattle reported. One case of rabies involving a human was reported from California after the patient died abroad. The infection was determined to be a result of a rabies virus variant associated with Tadarida brasiliensis, with exposure occurring in California.
Comparison of basilar and axial sesamoidean approaches for digital flexor tendon sheath synoviocentesis and injection in horses
Authors: Rocconi Richard A. , Sampson Sarah N. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To define a method for the basilar sesamoidean approach (BSA) to the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) in horses and compare it with the axial sesamoidean approach (ASA) for DFTS synoviocentesis and injection.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—12 healthy adult mares without evidence of abnormalities related to the lower limbs.
Procedures—Each horse had 1 forelimb and 1 hind limb assigned to each DFTS approach (basilar vs axial, relative to the proximal sesamoid bones) in a Latin square design. The order of horses and of limb injection for each horse was randomly selected. All procedures were performed in standing sedated horses. The number of attempts to place a needle in the DFTS, presence of synovial fluid in the needle hub, time for DFTS injection, and number of accurate injections of sterile contrast material into the DFTS (evaluated by means of radiography) were compared between methods.
Results—Median time for injection was significantly shorter for the BSA, compared with the ASA. The median number of times the needle was redirected was also significantly less for the BSA. Odds of obtaining synovial fluid via the BSA were 5.7 times as great as for the ASA (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 278). Successful injection of contrast material into the DFTS did not differ significantly between the BSA (24/24 limbs) and ASA (23/24).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The BSA was a useful method for DFTS synoviocentesis in the forelimbs and hind limbs of standing sedated horses and was superior to the ASA in most aspects. This approach to the DFTS should be considered when DFTS injection or synovial fluid retrieval is desired, particularly in horses with minimal DFTS effusion.
Wartość diagnostyczna testu Cramptona (próba ortostatyczna) u osób w podeszłym wieku / The diagnostic value of the Crampton test (the orthostatic test) in the ederly individuals
Authors: Magiera Andrzej , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Wiszomirska Ida 
Published: September 2013

Streszczenie
Wprowadzenie: Wydolność fizyczna i sprawność życiowa u ludzi w starszym wieku jest nie tyle wynikiem procesów starzenia się ustroju, ile biologicznie nieuzasadnionego obniżania aktywności ruchowej w miarę upływu lat. Czynniki psychologiczne, socjologiczne i inne decydują o narastającej już w średnim wieku skłonności do ograniczania w życiu codziennym wysiłku fizycznego. Diagnostyka stanu układu krążenia w zakresie wydolności fizycznej i tolerancji wysiłku u osób starszych jest znacznie utrudniona w stosunku do osób młodych. Do przyczyn powodujących taki stan rzeczy zaliczyć należy przede wszystkim naturalne procesy inwolucyjne związane z wiekiem.
Cel pracy: Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena reakcji ortostatycznej układu krążenia za po- mocą wskaźnika Cramptona przy zmianie pozycji z leżącej do stojącej, oraz ewolucji wartości tego wskaźnika po 4 miesiącach wzmożonej aktywności fizycznej u osób w podeszłym wieku oraz. czy wskaźnik ten ma wartość diagnostyczną dla kwalifikacji osób starszych do badania wysiłkowego
Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono na 44-osobowej grupie słuchaczek Uniwersytetu III Wieku Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego z Warszawy. Średnia wieku wynosiła 64.2. średnia masa ciała 66.5 kg. średnia wysokość ciała 158.5 cm. Próba polegała na dwukrotnej ocenie częstości skurczów serca i skurczowego ciśnienia tętniczego, po dziesięciu minutach w pozycji leżącej oraz po dwóch minutach od przyjęcia postawy spionizowanej.
Wyniki: Wydolność ortostatyczna układu krążenia przy zmianach pozycji ciała oceniono na poziomie dobrym i bardzo dobrym Osiągnięcie wysokich wartości w teście Cramptona nie koreluje ze zdolnością wysiłkową. Test Cramptona ma niską wartość diagnostyczną w zakresie przewidywania tolerancji wysiłku osób starszych.
Les transformations du logis seigneurial de Dunois au château de Beaugency par Jean d'Orléans-Longueville au début du XVIe siècle
Authors: Bontemps Daniel 
Published: September 2013

Der Umbau des herrschaftlichen Wohnsitzes von Dunois im Schloss von Beaugency durch Jean d'Orléans-Longueville zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts, von Daniel Bontemps.
Das herrschaftliche Wohngebäude im Schloss von Beaugency, das Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts von Dunois, dem berühmten sogenannten Bastard von Orléans, umgebaut und vergrößert wurde, ist bisher weitgehend unbekannt geblieben. Dennoch erlaubt es die Existenz von bislang ungenügend ausgewerteten Archivalien und Plänen des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts, das Aussehen und die Funktionen der verschiedenen Teile dieses Wohnbaus, der zwischen 1516 und 1524 erneut umgebaut wurde, zu rekonstruieren. Es war Johann von Orléans-Longueville, Erzhischof von Toulouse, der den Wohnsitz seines Großvaters umbauen ließ. Er erbaute sich ebenso das gegenüber liegende, eigene Herrenhaus im Stil eler Frührenaissance. Unglucklicherweise sind davon nur Ruinen auf uns gekommen. Lediglich der angebaute, zeitgenössische Pavillon ist erhalten. Der Ptälat führte diese neue Kunstrichtung in Beaugency durch Baumeister und Steinmetzen ein, die von der Baustelle des Longueville-Flügels des Familienstammsitzes Schloss Châteaudun und aus Orléans kamen : Pierre Gadier, Pierre Chausse und Pierre Biard.
La collégiale Notre-Dame de Beaugency. Les campagnes romanes
Authors: Vergnolle Éliane 
Published: September 2013

Although no text provides direct information concerning the construction of Notre-Dame de Beaugency, a study of the monument situates the starting point in the 1140s. Work continued diligently over two campaigns. The first campaign encompassed the erection of the entire east end and the implantation of the walls of the side aisles ; after a brief interval, the nave and west façade were in turn completed.
The ambitions of the lords of Beaugency are reflected in the chevet, ambulatory, radiating chapels and two-tower façade. In contrast, the sobriety of the décoration and the choice of a wooden roof supported by columns express the aspirations ofthe Augustinian community, established at Beaugency in the early twelfth century, to live in an atchitectural environment in keeping with their spiritual ideals. The talented master who built the chevet saw how to resolve this contradiction. By according extreme importance to the windows and by lightening the sttucture as much as possible, he also demonstrated the dynamism of Romanesque architecture in the Loire Valley, at a time when the first Gothic worksites were starting up in the Ile-de-France.
L'Hôtel de ville de Beaugency et sa restauration au XIXe siècle
Authors: Droguet Vincent 
Published: September 2013

Das Rathaus von Beaugency ist ein seltenes Beispiel öffentlicher Gebaude der Renaissance. Erbaut zwischen 1526 und 1533, sticht es hervor durch seine Fassade, deren dekorative Formensprache sich ableitet von den großen Bauten derr Zeit um 1515, wie den Schlössern von Bury oder Blois (Flügel Franz' L). Berücksichtigt man den lokalen Kontext, so ist es denkhar, eine Beteiligung des Baumeisters Pierre Biart anzunehmen, det zur selben Zeit auch am Schloß von Beaugency tätig war.
Im Laufe der 1840er Jahre nahm Léon Vaudoyer das Gebaude auf und lieferte sogar eine Ergänzung nach derselben Methode, die Félix Duban gerade bei der Restaurierung des Flügels Franz' I. in Blois anwandte. Fünfzig Jahre spater, zwischen 1892 und 1898, restaurierte der Architekt René Dusserre das Bauwerk nach den Planen von Léon Vaudoyer und gab ihm damit sein uns heure vertrautes Aussehen.
« À la mémoire de Herzen » : l’année 1912
Authors: Amacher Korine 
Published: September 2013

«In Memory of Herzen » (1912)

At the beginning of the 20th century, in the circles of Russian liberal and radical members of the intelligentsia, anniversaries of some
figures of the social movement of the 19th century used to give rise to celebrations during which the question of heritage of the Russian ‘liberation movement’ was brought into focus. The case of Herzen is of special interest. Indeed, his openness and continuous evolution throughout his whole life are characteristic of his ideas and incited various ‘successors’ to lay claim to his heritage. Social democrats, liberals, socialists-revolutionaries – at the beginning of the 20th century, all of them wanted to be his successors. The largest number of texts had been written for the 100th anniversary of his birth in 1912. During this celebration, Herzen became a heroic and tragic figure of Russian emigration, an iconic figure of ‘spiritual father’, a figure of high moral standards who was able to overcome all kinds of ideological disagreements and to view the future of Russia with trust and pride. After the periods of despondency and political disappointments, Herzen was the symbol of belief in the future victory.
Soluble E-cadherin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jin Tao , Almehed Katarina , Zhu Yihong , Carlsten Hans , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena 
Published: September 2013

Objective.E-cadherin is a potent adherens junction molecule implicated in tissue morphogenesis, epithelial functioning, and immune regulation. Serum levels of soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin), an end product of proteolytic cleavage of E-cadherin, is increased in patients with cancer, infections, and inflammation-related diseases. The aim of our study was to measure serum levels of sE-cadherin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine associations between serum levels of sE-cadherin and markers of inflammation and organ damage in female patients with SLE.Methods.Serum levels of sE-cadherin were analyzed by ELISA in 150 female patients with SLE and 31 healthy women. Simple and multiple regression analyses between sE-cadherin levels and disease-related variables were performed in patients with SLE.Results.Serum levels of sE-cadherin were elevated in patients with SLE compared with levels in healthy controls. sE-cadherin levels correlated positively with age, disease duration, SLE Collaborating Clinics Damage Index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), s-creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, interleukin 6, and matrix metalloproteinase-3. In multiple regression analysis, s-creatinine, age, ESR, and triglycerides remained determinants of sE-cadherin. Within the patients with SLE, higher sE-cadherin levels were found only in patients with renal damage, i.e., s-creatinine > 90μmol/l, glomerular filtration rate < 50 ml/min, or renal involvement ever by SLE.Conclusion.Our study demonstrates significantly elevated serum levels of sE-cadherin in women with SLE compared with healthy women. The levels of sE-cadherin were positively correlated to s-creatinine, age, ESR, and triglycerides. Significantly elevated sE-cadherin levels were observed only in patients with renal damage.
The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor
Authors: Palii Sudhir Babu , Akkupalli Vijaya Lakshmi , Maddi Suneetha 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate and compare the effects of drotaverine and valethamate on cervical dilatation.

Materials and methods
Total of 100 patients (aged 20 to 30 years) including both primigravidae and multigravidae in first stage of labor, were divided randomly into two groups with 50 patients in each. The drotaverine (D) and valethamate (V) groups were given intravenously, 40 mg drotaverine hydrochloride to the former with every 2 hours for a maximum of 3 doses and 8 mg valethamate bromide to the latter with maximum of 6 doses half an hour apart.

Results
In primigravidae and multigravidae the average duration of active phase is shortened by 3 hours with 1.92 cm/ hour cervical dilatation in drotaverine group and 1 hour 45 minutes with 1.44 cm/hour in valethamate group (p-value < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of second and third stages in both groups. No obstetrical complications or major side effects observed in both groups.

Conclusion
Drotaverine accelerates labor better than of valethamate. The reduction of pain during labor is better with drotaverine when compared with valethamate.

How to cite this article
Palii SB, Akkupalli VL, Maddi S. The Comparative Study of Drotaverine Hydrochloride and Valethamate Bromide in First Stage of Labor. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):52-56.
Three ‘Delays’ as a Framework for Critical Analysis of Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Mortality
Authors: Yunus Saira , Kauser Shahnaz , Ali Shazia 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and causes of three delays and their possible implications for safe motherhood.

Methods
The cross-sectional prospective study was carried out over a period of 1 year from January to December 2010. All patients who fulfill the WHO criteria for maternal near miss and all cases of maternal death during this period were included in the study. The various factors responsible for the delays in accessing obstetrics care facilities at all the three levels were analyzed.

Results
During 1 year period there were 10,553 emergency admissions in labor room and there were 4538 deliveries, out of these 123 patients who fulfilled the WHO criteria for near miss were included in the study. 83% of patients (102) reported first delay in seeking care and the most common reason for delay was inability to judge the graveness of situation. After initial care there was a delay in reaching a facility with comprehensive obstetric care in 62% of cases (76 patients) and this delay was of around 6 to 8 hours. Once the patients reached Jinnah Hospital there was a delay in about 15 (12%) patients. There were 13 maternal deaths during this period of 1 year and there was a delay both at seeking initial care and referral by the initial care providers.

Conclusion
Delay in deciding to seek care (1st delay) was the major factors responsible for high maternal mortality and morbidity. So the role of community actors such as mothers in law, husbands, local healers and pharmacies and increased access to properly trained birth attendants need to be addressed if delays in reaching health facilities are to be shortened.

How to cite this article
Yunus S, Kauser S, Ali S. Three ‘Delays’ as a Framework for Critical Analysis of Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Mortality. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):57-59.
LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Somalwar Savita A , Joshi Sulbha A , Kawthalkar Anjali S , Jain Sheela H , Gawande Madhuri S 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHormonal emergency contraceptive drugs designed to prevent undesired pregnancy are available over the counter. In spite of availability of various contraceptive techniques, couple protection rate in our country is still inadequate. A large number of couples prefer to use emergency contraceptive pill instead of regular contraceptives. Though hormonal emergency contraceptives pills are highly effective and safe with fewer side effects, their failure rate is high when used in periovulatory period with increased chances of ectopic pregnancy.How to cite this articleJain SH, Ghike S, Gawande MS, Joshi SA, Kawthalkar AS, Somalwar SA. LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):87-88.