bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forschung tut not auch im Kriege
Authors: Zenneck J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie “Physikalischen Blätter” begannen ihre Arbeit mit einem Beitrag des Altmeisters der drahtlosen Telegraphie. Der Beitrag wurde unter dem Titel “Die Bedeutung der Forschung” abgedruckt. Es war der erste Teil eines Vortrages von 1942, dem nun der zweite Teil folgt. Beschäftigte sich der erste Teil allgemein mit der physikalischen Forschung und ihrer praktischen Bedeutung, so wird im zweiten Teil besonders auf die Bedeutung der physikalischen Forschung für den Krieg hingewiesen.
Grundlagenforschung im Kriege
Authors: Brüche E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDer anschließende Beitrag des Herausgebers wurde auf Anforderung der “Rheinisch‐Westfälischen Zeitung” geschrieben, wo er am 30. 6. 1943 erschien. In ihm wird besonders auf den qualitativ sehr geringen Einsatz an Menschen und Mitteln hingewiesen, den der Staat mit der Stützung, der physikalischen Grundlagenforschung nur zu machen braucht, und auf den unverhältnismäßig großen Gewinn, den er dabei zu erzielen vermag. Obwohl der Verfasser in der Industrie beheimatet ist, unterstreicht er die Wichtigkeit der kleinen, von einem Forscher geistig durchdrungenen und einheitlich geleiteten Hochschulinstitute. Die beste Jugend der Nation, die mit ihrem Idealismus und ihrer Stoßkraft für die Aufgabe, die Wissenschaft ihrer selbst willen zu pflegen, stets empfänglich sein wird, muß der Wissenschaft fortlaufend zugeführt werden. “Weitblick wird hierin Deutschland durch seine Hochschul‐ und Industrieforschung den ersten Platz im Kampf der Völker sichern.”
Wie die amerikanische Wissenschaft unsere Welt sieht
Authors: Bliven Bruce 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn Amerika erschien vor einigen Jahren das Buch des Publizisten Bliven unter dem Titel „Wie die Wissenschaft unsere Welt sieht”︁. Das Buch wurde 1943 in die deutsche Sprache übertragen und in der Schweiz verlegt. Es enthält in dem einleitenden Kapitel einige übersichtlich geordnete Ergebnisse von Interviews, die der Autor mit amerikanischen Wissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren führte. Wir haben keinen Grund anzunehmen, daß es nicht die Meinung des gebildeten Amerikaners ist, die uns hier entgegentritt. Anschließend sind diese einleitenden Seiten abgedruckt, wobei politische Betrachtungen, so z. B. darüber, ob die amerikanischen Wissenschaftler die Demokratie oder andere Staatsformen vorzögen, wie der Liberalismus auf den wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt gewirkt habe und ob es richtig sei, die Wissenschaftler Rassengesetzen zu unterwerfen, ausgelassen wurden, da wir die in Amerika über diese Punkte vertretenen Meinungen hinlänglich gut kennen. Ebenso wurden Betrachtungen über die für Deutschland gänzlich uninteressante Frage der Arbeitslosigkeit und über rein technische Fragen weitgehend unterdrückt. Der Herausgeber hofft, daß durch diese Streichungen und durch Hervorhebungen, durch kräftige Absätze und durch Umstellungen das für uns Wichtige stärker hervortritt. Dieses Wichtige ist die starke Betonung der Forschung, die selbst in Amerika noch auf das Hundertfache verstärkt werden müsse, ist der Hinweis auf die Phasenverschiebung zwischen Forschung und dem durch sie erzielten technischen Fortschritt, ist manches, was — mehr oder weniger deutlich ausgesprochen — uns Hinweise geben kann.
Deutsch‐französische Beziehungen in der Naturwissenschaft
Authors: Schimank H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAus der Feder des bekannten Historikers der Physik, des Professors an der Hanseatischen Universität Hamburg Hans Schimank, geben wir anschließend einen Aufsatz wieder, der am 6. 12. 1943 in der „Pariser Zeitung”︁ erschienen ist. Prof. Schimank zeigt darin an einer Anzahl von Beispielen wechselseitige Beziehungen zwischen der Naturwissenschaft der beiden Völker. Wenn auch die Beziehungen zu einem Teil bis in die jüngste Vergangenheit reichen, so liegen doch die klassischen Beispiele, die Prof. Schimank anführt, vorwiegend in der Blütezeit der Nationen des vorigen Jahrhunderts. Es ist ein Wechselspiel der Kräfte, ähnlich und doch wieder anderer Art, als wir es heute zwischen Deutschland und Amerika erleben. Deutsche Forscher haben in Frankreich und durch französische Forscher Anregungen empfangen und haben diese Saat gepflegt, bis sie Frucht getragen hat zu unserem und zum Nutzen anderer Völker. Amerikanische Forscher und Techniker aber haben von uns gelernt und Anregungen empfangen. Sie haben erkannt, daß die Forschung einer der Wege ist, die zur Macht führen. Sie haben die empfangenen Anregungen mit der ihnen eigentümlichen technischen Stoßkraft ausgenutzt.
Forschung in Schweden
Authors: Brüche E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGelegentlich einer Vortragsreise nach Schweden hatte der Herausgeber Herbst 1943 Gelegenheit, sich ein eigenes Urteil über einige schwedische Forschungsstellen auf physikalisch‐technischem Gebiet zu bilden. Seine Ausführungen wurden in den Mitteilungen der Deutschen Handelskammer in Schweden vor dem auf S. 146 wiedergegebenen Beitrag von Sundström zum Abdruck gebracht.
Der mathematisch‐naturwissenschaftliche Unterricht in den letzten 100 Jahren
Authors: Friedrich Studienrat A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudienrat Friedrich, der als Schulphysiker in Aufsätzen der Fachzeitschriften meist Stoff aus der Wehrphysik für den Oberklassen‐Unterricht bearbeitet hat, zuletzt als Mitautor des Buches: „Physik in der Kriegsmarine”︁ hervorgetreten ist, leitet dieses Heft durch einen Ueberblick über das Entstehen und die Entwicklung des höheren Schulwesens in Deutschland ein. Es wird dabei für die Leser bemerkenswert sein, daß zwischen der Entwicklung der Physik und der des Schulwesens in Deutschland eine enge Parallele besteht, die sich ebenso im Aufstieg wie im Abstieg zeigt. Im ersten Drittel des vorigen Jahrhunderts begann der Aufstieg der deutschen Naturwissenschaften, Um dieselbe Zeit traten die ersten Realschulen dem alten Gymnasium an die Seite. Um 1905 erreichten die exakte Naturwissenschaft und die höheren Schulen dieser Richtung den Höhepunkt der Entwicklung. 1924 wird der Abstieg schon sehr deutlich. Die „Preußische Reform”︁ ist ein in unserem Sinne bedenkliches Zeichen einer neuen Zeit, in der die exakten Naturwissenschaften hinter anderen Gebieten zurücktreten.
Zum Luftwaffenhelfer‐Unterricht
Authors: Dehn E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn den Blauen Blättern: „Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften im Unterricht”︁ Jg. 1944, S. 33 ist ein Aufruf des Schriftwalters dieser Blätter, Dr. Dehn, zum Abdruck gekommen, der sich an alle wendet, die Luftwaffen‐ und Marinehelfer naturwissenschaftlich und mathematisch unterrichten. Dieser Aufruf, der die Misere des Luftwaffenhelferunterrichts in Physik recht deutlich zu erkennen gibt, der aber auch Möglichkeiten zur Besserung zeigt, ist im folgenden wiedergegeben.
Phenol‐containing phthalonitrile polymers – synthesis, cure characteristics and laminate properties
Authors: Augustine Dhanya , Mathew Dona , Nair C.P. Reghunadhan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNovolac–phthalonitrile polymers bearing a controlled concentration of phthalonitrile groups were synthesized by condensation of novolac with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile. The cure characteristics monitored by DSC and rheometry indicated acceleration of the cure reaction by the phenolic groups. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the cured products indicated that the cure mechanism was dependent on the extent of phthalonitrile substitution. In phenol‐rich systems, evidence was obtained for the phenol‐mediated reaction of nitrile groups resulting in the formation of isoindoline groups. The phthalonitrile‐rich system underwent crosslinking through formation of triazine and phthalocyanine groups. The phenol groups in the phthalonitrile backbone were conducive to building a stronger interphase in their carbon composites, resulting in better mechanical properties. This was corroborated by morphological studies by SEM. However, these groups were detrimental to the thermal stability of the cured resins. The polymers exhibited very high flame retardancy which improved further on increasing the degree of phthalonitrilation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
An infant with pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: Clinical improvement is associated with improvement in the pulmonary diffusion capacity
Authors: Ehsan Zarmina , Montgomery Gregory S. , Tiller Christina , Kisling Jeffrey , Chang Daniel V. , Tepper Robert S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is an idiopathic interstitial lung disease of infants. The underlying pulmonary pathophysiology of PIG has not been well characterized. Herein we report a term‐gestatation infant who presented with persistent tachypnea and hypoxia. A chest CT scan demonstrated a diffuse ground glass appearance and lung biopsy demonstrated increased alveolar septae cellularity with glycogen‐containing cells, consistent with a diagnosis of PIG. At 3 months of age, pulmonary function testing included: pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator forced expiratory flows using the raised‐volume technique and the ratio of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide to alveolar volume (DLCO/VA). He was prescribed 5 days of oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day) and pulmonary function testing (PFT) was repeated at 5, 13, and 20 months of age. Initial PFTs demonstrated reduced forced vital capacity (FVC: Z‐score = −2.36) and an increased ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.5 sec to FVC (FEV0.5/FVC: Z‐score = 1.15) with no significant change following an inhaled bronchodilator. There was also a marked reduction in DLCO/VA (Z‐score = −4.74) compared to age‐matched controls. Follow‐up demonstrated progressive clinical improvement as well as an increase in Z‐FVC and normalization of DLCO/VA. Our in vivo physiological findings are consistent with previous reports that symptom resolution correlated with histological thinning of the alveolar septae upon repeat lung biopsy. The restrictive lung disease we observed is consistent with expected reduced compliance of an alveolar interstitial lung process like PIG, whereas the absence of a reduction in FEV0.5/FVC confirms the absence of obstructive airway disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E17–E20. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cystic fibrosis in a Hispanic adolescent
Authors: Lin Jenny H. , Collaco Joseph M. , Paranjape Shruti M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe describe the presentation of a Hispanic adolescent with chronic respiratory symptoms and poor growth that led to a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) based on an indeterminate sweat chloride result and DNA sequence analysis that revealed a single new frameshift mutation, Nt3878insATCAG, which results in a premature stop codon in exon 20 of the CFTR gene. This case, highlighted by the identification of a deleterious, disease‐causing mutation, illustrates the importance of maintaining both a high clinical suspicion for CF and low threshold for obtaining genetic testing in a non‐Caucasian Hispanic adolescent with a characteristic clinical presentation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E40–E41. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of novel wheeze phenotypes using longitudinal airway function and atopic sensitization data in the first 6 years of life: Evidence from the Southampton Women's survey
Authors: Collins Samuel A. , Pike Katharine C. , Inskip Hazel M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Roberts Graham , Holloway John W. , Lucas Jane S.A. ,   the Southampton Women's Survey Study Group
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn 1995 the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS) identified clinically distinct phenotypes amongst early wheezers; the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children (ALSPAC) has recently re‐examined these.ObjectivesTo validate statistically derived ALSPAC phenotypes in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) using infant and 6‐year lung function, and allergic sensitization at 1, 3, and 6 years, comparing these with TCRS phenotypes.MethodsComplete 6‐year follow‐up data were available for 926 children, selected from 1,973 infants born to 12,579 women characterized pre‐conception. Ninety‐five children had V'maxFRC and FEV0.4 measured age 5–14 weeks using rapid compression/raised volume techniques. At 6 years we performed spirometry (n = 791), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO, n = 589) and methacholine challenge (n = 234). Skin prick testing was performed at 12m, 3 and 6 years (n = 1,494, 1,255, 699, respectively). Using wheeze status questionnaire data at 6m, 12m, 2, 3 and 6 years we classified children into TCRS (never, transient early, persistent, late‐onset) and ALSPAC based groups (never, early, transient, intermediate‐onset, late‐onset, persistent).ResultsAmongst ALSPAC groups, persistent and late‐onset wheeze were associated with atopy at 3 and 6 years, whilst intermediate‐onset wheeze showed earlier atopic association at 1 year; all three were associated with FeNO at 6 years. Persistent wheezers had lower infant (V'maxFRC P < 0.05) and 6‐year lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25–75, P < 0.05), whilst late and intermediate‐onset wheezers showed no lung function deficits. Transient wheezers were non‐atopic but showed persistent lung function deficits (V'maxFRC in infancy, FEV1 and FEF25–75 at 6 years, all P < 0.05). Those who wheezed only in the first year (early phenotype) showed no lung function deficits. No associations were seen with 6 years bronchial hyper‐responsiveness or infancy FEV0.4.ConclusionSWS cohort data validates the statistically derived ALSPAC six‐class model. In particular, lung function and atopy successfully differentiate persistent, late‐onset and intermediate‐onset wheeze, whilst the Tucson “transient early” wheeze phenotype can be sub‐classified into groups that reflect early lung function. Since the 4‐class model fails to adequately differentiate phenotypes based on lung function and atopy, we propose that strong consideration be given to using the 6‐class paradigm for longitudinal outcome work in wheezing with onset in early life. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:683–692. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exhaled breath condensate in pediatric asthma: Promising new advance or pouring cold water on a lot of hot air? A systematic review
Authors: Thomas P.S. , Lowe A.J. , Samarasinghe P. , Lodge C.J. , Huang Y. , Abramson M.J. , Dharmage S.C. , Jaffe A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundExhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a simple non‐invasive technique that allows repeated collection of breath samples with a minimum of inconvenience for the subject. These breath samples can potentially indicate lung disease activity and given the ease of collection, EBC is becoming a useful research tool in the study of respiratory diseases. It has the potential to be used in both population‐based studies and in the context of pediatric asthma it may prove useful in diagnosis and monitoring.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies of EBC markers in childhood asthma.ResultsMost of the studies were cross‐sectional in design, and the results suggest that simple chemical entities such as hydrogen ions (as pH), hydrogen peroxide, and oxides of nitrogen are associated with pediatric allergic asthma and exacerbations. In addition, more complex molecules including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines such as the interleukins IL‐4 and IL‐5 are also elevated in the breath of those with asthma.ConclusionEBC has the potential to aid diagnosis, and to evaluate the inflammatory status of asthmatic children. Future studies may be able to refine further how best to collect EBC samples, to interpret them, and the technique has the potential to allow repeated sampling which will allow studies of natural history, pathogenesis and response to treatment to be undertaken. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:419–442. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technical Aspects of Storage Tank Loss Prevention
Authors: Huang Szu‐Ying , Mannan M. Sam 
Published: February 2013

Storage tanks are the most common chemical containing vessels within the process industries. There have been many accidents associated within storage tank (material deficiency, structure design failures, operation error etc.) or among storage areas throughout the history. Both human error and natural disasters can result in devastating incidents for tanks that are usually kept outdoors under weather influences, as well as the tank bodies and accessories are poorly designed, abused, or are not effectively inspected and maintained. There are potential hazards which must be assessed carefully before construction, during operation, and after shutdown of any storage areas including hazardous or flammable chemicals.This article offers an overview of the tank and tank farm with significant incident causes about aboveground tank design failures, operation problems, and maintenance issues, with the relating discussion about the implementation of process safety management and regulations. Also, some innovative storage unit technologies including groundings, roof design, safer filling procedures, and tank fire mitigation systems are introduced to give a proper information session to help industry understand the tank hazards and implement adequate actions to prevent incidents and losses. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 32: 28–36, 2013
French vineyards provide information that opens ways for effective resistance management of Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)
Authors: Walker Anne‐Sophie , Micoud Annie , Rémuson Florent , Grosman Jacques , Gredt Michel , Leroux Pierre 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResistance to fungicides is an evolutionary process resulting from the selection of advantageous genotypes in naturally diverse populations. Seven fungicide modes of action are authorised to control grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea on grapevine in France, and five of them have encountered specific resistance, with variable frequencies in populations and possible consequences for field fungicide efficacy. Moreover, multidrug resistance is caused by fungicide efflux and allows a weak resistance towards six unrelated modes of action. Here, a review is given of the fungicide resistance status of B. cinerea in France, particularly in the vineyards of Champagne, which are the most affected. Recently developed resistance and recent findings concerning the associated resistance mechanisms are focused upon in particular. Finally, antiresistance strategies are presented, and examples of managed resistance are discussed in a more general manner with the aim of extending this knowledge to other crops and countries undergoing similar resistance problems. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetostrictive Fe–Ga alloy strips with a preferred orientation for lamination actuators
Authors: Na Suok‐Min , Passel Andrew , Downey Patrick , Flatau Alison 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFe–Ga alloys (Galfenol) are attractive for use in magnetostrictive actuators and sensors. We investigate attributes of thin strips of rolled sheet Galfenol containing NbC particles and demonstrate their suitability for incorporation in the construction of laminated actuator devices. Most quenched samples after annealing showed high magnetostriction and good flatness. A maximum value of 183 ppm was obtained in samples annealed at 1250 °C for 2 h in rolled (Fe0.81Ga0.19)99(NbC)1alloy.We examine the magnetostriction response of a second alloy, (Fe0.81Ga0.19)99.5(NbC)0.5, and find it is relatively flat over a range of annealing temperature and time, and has a peak value of 132 ppm. We also assess the dynamic response of a 51‐mm‐long laminated rod of the (Fe0.81Ga0.19)99.5(NbC)0.5quenched sheets. It exhibited reduced impedance roll‐off with increasing frequency relative to that of a solid Galfenol rod and produced fairly constant dynamic strains up to 200 Hz, while strain in the solid rod rolled off at ∼20 Hz.
GaAs n‐i‐p‐i solar cells with ion implanted selective contacts
Authors: Royall B. , Mazzucato S. , Ketlhwaafetse R. M. , Balkan N. , Puustinen J. , Guina M. , Smith A. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA GaAs n‐i‐p‐i doping solar cell with ion implanted selective contacts is grown, fabricated and investigated by spectral response and AM1.5G current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements. The device, whose active region consists of 4 layers of horizontal doping alternating n–p‐n‐p, is grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Electrical connection to layers in the middle of the device is achieved by creating vertical layers of p+ and n+ type doping by ion implantation of Mg and Si, respectively. The implants are 10 µm wide and spaced 100 µm apart. By carefully selecting the energies of the ions, the implants are kept away from the surface of the device, so that standard front/back contacts to be used. Spectral response measurements suggest that all layers of the device contribute to the photocurrent effectively. The device achieves Jsc = 12.9 mA/cm2 and Voc = 0.189 V for the AM1.5G 1 sun solar spectrum. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Operational assimilation of ozone‐sensitive infrared radiances at ECMWF
Authors: Dragani Rossana , McNally Antony P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractECMWF has been assimilating ozone‐sensitive infrared (IR/O3) radiances from AIRS, IASI, and HIRS in its operational system since November 2011. We present a detailed assessment of the value of assimilating these observations, as well as the steps that have been taken to successfully merge the infrared information with that provided by ozone products retrieved from UV sensors. In general, the assimilation of the IR/O3radiances improves the agreement between the ozone analyses and independent ozone data from MLS and sondes, especially in the UTLS and at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere winter. However, blending the information provided by the IR/O3radiances with that provided by UV instruments can lead in certain circumstances to a degradation of the ozone analyses in the region of the ozone maximum, particularly at midlatitudes in the summer hemisphere. It is shown that this problem can be alleviated by providing the assimilation system with height‐resolved ozone information. The assessment of one‐year long assimilation experiments has shown some additional problems in the ozone analyses related to a slow drift of adaptive observation bias correction over time. Previously, just two uncorrected infrared channels (one from AIRS and one from IASI) were used to stabilise (anchor) the bias correction of all other ozone observations against the influence of model systematic error. However, it has been found that their influence (limited primarily to the UTLS) was not sufficient to constrain the ozone assimilation system as a whole (i.e. the total column) over longer time‐scales of several months to a year. This issue has been addressed by using additional anchoring observations to constrain the time evolution of the bias correction.
Embodied cognition
Authors: Foglia Lucia , Wilson Robert A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTraditional views in philosophy of mind and cognitive science depict the mind as an information processor, one whose connections with the body and the world are of little theoretical importance. On the contrary, mounting empirical evidence shows that bodily states and modality‐specific systems for perception and action underlie information processing, and that embodiment contributes to various aspects and effects of mental phenomena. This article will briefly review and discuss some of this evidence and what it implies. By challenging mainstream accounts of mind and cognition, embodiment views offer new ways of conceptualizing knowledge and suggest novel perspectives on cognitive variation and mind‐body reductionism. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:319–325. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1226This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
The plume spreading in the MADE transport experiment: Could it be predicted by stochastic models?
Authors: Fiori A. , Dagan G. , Jankovic I. , Zarlenga A. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
A semi‐analytical transport model is applied to the MADE experiment
The parameters are derived from literature, and no fitting was required
Results suggest that advection may explain the MADE plume behavior