bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we prepared to help low‐resource communities cope with a severe influenza pandemic?
Authors: Starbuck Eric S. , von Bernuth Rudolph , Bolles Kathryn , Koepsell Jeanne 
Published: November 2012

Please cite this paper as: Starbuck et al (2012) Are we prepared to help low‐resource communities cope with a severe influenza pandemic? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12040.Recent research involving lab‐modified H5N1 influenza viruses with increased transmissibility and the ongoing evolution of the virus in nature should remind us of the continuing importance of preparedness for a severe influenza pandemic. Current vaccine technology and antiviral supply remain inadequate, and in a severe pandemic, most low‐resource communities will fail to receive adequate medical supplies. However, with suitable guidance, these communities can take appropriate actions without substantial outside resources to reduce influenza transmission and care for the ill. Such guidance should be completed, and support provided to developing countries to adapt it for their settings and prepare for implementation.
The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is involved in penetration resistance of barley to the barley powdery mildew fungus
Authors: Ostertag Maya , Stammler Johanna , Douchkov Dimitar , Eichmann Ruth , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: November 2012

SummaryMembrane trafficking is vital to plant development and adaptation to the environment. It is suggested that post‐Golgi vesicles and multivesicular bodies are essential for plant defence against directly penetrating fungal parasites at the cell wall. However, the actual plant proteins involved in membrane transport for defence are largely unidentified. We applied a candidate gene approach and single cell transient‐induced gene silencing for the identification of membrane trafficking proteins of barley involved in the response to the fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. This revealed potential components of vesicle tethering complexes [putative exocyst subunit HvEXO70F‐like and subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex] and Golgi membrane trafficking (COPIγ coatomer and HvYPT1‐like RAB GTPase) as essential for resistance to fungal penetration into the host cell.
The effectiveness of simulation activities on the cognitive abilities of undergraduate third‐year nursing students: a randomised control trial
Authors: Secomb Jacinta , McKenna Lisa , Smith Colleen 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectives.  To provide evidence on the effectiveness of simulation activities on the clinical decision‐making abilities of undergraduate nursing students. Based on previous research, it was hypothesised that the higher the cognitive score, the greater the ability a nursing student would have to make informed valid decisions in their clinical practice.Background.  Globally, simulation is being espoused as an education method that increases the competence of health professionals. At present, there is very little evidence to support current investment in time and resources.Methods.  Following ethical approval, fifty‐eight third‐year undergraduate nursing students were randomised in a pretest–post‐test group‐parallel controlled trial. The learning environment preferences (LEP) inventory was used to test cognitive abilities in order to refute the null hypothesis that activities in computer‐based simulated learning environments have a negative effect on cognitive abilities when compared with activities in skills laboratory simulated learning environments.Results.  There was no significant difference in cognitive development following two cycles of simulation activities. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that two simulation tasks, either computer‐based or laboratory‐based, have no effect on an undergraduate student’s ability to make clinical decisions in practice. However, there was a significant finding for non‐English first‐language students, which requires further investigation.Conclusions.  More longitudinal studies that quantify the education effects of simulation on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor attributes of health science students and professionals from both English‐speaking and non‐English‐speaking backgrounds are urgently required. It is also recommended that to achieve increased participant numbers and prevent non‐participation owing to absenteeism, further studies need to be imbedded directly into curricula.Relevance to clinical practice.  This investigation confirms the effect of simulation activities on real‐life clinical practice, and the comparative learning benefits with traditional clinical practice and university education remain unknown.
A literature review: graduate nurses' preparedness for recognising and responding to the deteriorating patient
Authors: Purling Amy , King Lindy 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo explore the research literature that provided data on factors that influence new graduate nurse's preparedness for recognition and response to patient deterioration in the acute care setting.BackgroundNurses have a significant role in recognising subtle signs of patient deterioration and responding appropriately to prevent adverse events and improve patient outcomes. This pivotal position has often fallen to the new graduate who must be prepared to make high‐consequence decisions in relation to a suspected decline in their patient's condition.Design and methodsAn integrative review was undertaken. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using online databases, reference lists of key articles and expert advice. Multiple keyword combinations were used. All relevant studies were subsequently appraised for rigour and quality. Seventeen primary research studies drawn from novice and experienced registered nurse experiences emerged as relevant to the review.ResultsThematic analysis of the studies provided six major themes related to the aim of the review. Emergent themes were as follows: clinical staff support, lack of nurse experience, overwhelming workload, holistic patient assessment, past experiences and lack of available resources.ConclusionsThis review highlighted the importance of positive staff support and subsequent confidence building. Graduates then felt able to present effective assessments and less fearful of reprimand when escalating an intervention call. The need for further research to investigate graduate nurses' experiences of recognising and responding to the deteriorating patient emerged.Relevance to clinical practiceRealistic workloads and access to supportive experienced staff would allow graduates time to focus on grouping clinical information to understand the ‘total picture’ of the patient. Results indicated undergraduate and hospital in‐service education programmes needed to offer the opportunity to practice reasoning. Complex clinical situations involving patient deterioration through simulation and clinical placement opportunities appeared most useful.
The Schoenberg/Brahms Critical Tradition Reconsidered
Authors: Grimes Nicole 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCurrent scholarship credits Schoenberg exclusively for revealing the extent of Brahms's thematic work. Certainly, both Schoenberg's Brahms lecture of 1933 and its revision as the seminal essay ‘Brahms the Progressive’ (1947) not only rescued Brahms from the conservative dead end into which the view of his music had fallen in the early twentieth century, but also inaugurated a way of explaining how his music was crafted according to the technique of developing variation.This article challenges that claim. I argue that not Schoenberg but several of Brahms's contemporary critics were the first to point out and give an account of a compositional process in Brahms's music of developing a musical idea, of generating a work from a basic motive so as to imbue the work with an underlying motivic unity. The writings of Hermann Deiters, Selmar Bagge and Adolf Schubring in the 1860s and 1870s can be understood as a significant foreshadowing of Schoenberg's view of ‘Brahms the Progressive’. I assert, therefore, that on the basis of a fundamental similarity of outlook on the part of Schoenberg and his nineteenth‐century critical counterparts, we should more accurately speak of a German critical tradition, albeit one in which Schoenberg played a valuable role.
In Vitro Effect of Clinical Propofol Concentrations on Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Chung Hye Gyo , Myung Soohyun A. , Son Ho Sung , Kim Yun Hee , Namgung Jin , Cho Mi La , Choi Hyuk , Lim Choon Hak 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe inhibitory effect of propofol on platelet aggregation remains unclear, and studies on the subject disagree. Furthermore, although propofol infusions are widely used for general anesthesia and as sedatives for patients in intensive care units, little information is available on its concentration‐ and time‐related effects on platelet aggregation. Here, the authors investigated the in vitro effect of propofol, at concentrations required for sedation and general anesthesia, on platelet aggregation after 1, 2, or 3 h. Blood from healthy volunteers (n = 9) was incubated at propofol plasma concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL in a water bath at 37°C. Platelet aggregation was measured using a platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100) after 1, 2, or 3 h of incubation. Times to occlude collagen/epinephrine (CEPI) or collagen/adenosine 5'‐diphosphate (CADP)‐coated membranes (closure times, CTs) were measured. The CEPI and CADP CTs of non‐incubated blood were 125.6 ± 19.5 s and 93.0 ± 12.2 s, respectively, and no significant difference in CEPI CTs was observed at propofol plasma concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL after incubation for 1, 2, or 3 h. CADP CTs were comparable at propofol concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 10 μg/mL at each incubation time. These findings suggest that propofol at concentrations required for sedation and general anesthesia has no inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation after 3 h of incubation.
The effect of blood transfusion on cerebral hemodynamics in preterm infants
Authors: Koyano Kosuke , Kusaka Takashi , Nakamura Shinji , Nakamura Makoto , Konishi Yukihiko , Miki Takanori , Ueno Masaki , Yasuda Saneyuki , Okada Hitoshi , Nishida Tomoko , Isobe Kenichi , Itoh Susumu 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAnemia of prematurity commonly occurs in infants with very low birth weight; blood transfusion is an important treatment. However, there is no clear evidence to support the criteria currently widely used, based on blood hemoglobin (bHb) and hematocrit indices. Previous studies showed that overtransfusion or a low threshold for transfusion could induce complications or neurologic sequelae, respectively. We hypothesized that a cerebral hemodynamic index may provide an appropriate criterion for determining the need for transfusion in anemic preterm infants.Study Design and MethodsWe used near‐infrared time‐resolved spectroscopy to measure cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) before and after transfusion in 19 infants (24 measurements) with anemia of prematurity. The median gestational age was 27 weeks 0 days, median birth weight was 751 g, and median postconceptual age at transfusion was 30 weeks 4 days.ResultsbHb levels before and after transfusion (mean ± SD) were 9.3 ± 1.4 and 13.7 ± 1.3 g/dL, respectively. After transfusion, CBV significantly decreased from 2.63 ± 0.60 to 2.13 ± 0.26 mL/100 g of brain, and ScO2 significantly increased from 72.8 ± 4.3% to 74.7 ± 4.2%.ConclusionAfter transfusion, CBV changes were significantly greater with low compared to high pretransfusion Hb levels. This reflected the physiologic response to severe anemia in premature infants, which is to increase CBV and decrease ScO2. Therefore, CBV and ScO2 may be useful markers for determining the need for transfusion in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants.
The carpal pad as an alternative sampling site for blood glucose testing in dogs
Authors: Borin‐Crivellenti S. , Crivellenti L. Z. , Tinucci‐Costa M. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and validity of sampling blood from the carpal pad in hospitalised healthy and diabetic dogs.METHODSThe carpal pad was compared to the ear as a sampling site in 60 dogs (30 healthy and 30 diabetic dogs).RESULTSLancing the pads was very well tolerated. The average glucose concentrations in blood samples obtained from the ears and carpal pads exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0·938) and there were no significant differences between them (P = 0·914). In addition, 98·3% of the values obtained were clinically acceptable when assessed by the error grid analysis.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe carpal pad is a good alternative sampling site for home monitoring, especially in animals with a soft and/or light‐coloured pad.
The historical biogeography of coral reef fishes: global patterns of origination and dispersal
Authors: Cowman Peter F. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo use recently published phylogenies of three major reef fish families to explore global patterns of species origin and dispersal over the past 65 million years. The key questions are: when and where did reef fishes arise, and how has this shaped current biodiversity patterns?LocationBiogeographic reconstructions were performed on globally distributed reef fish lineages. Patterns of lineage origination and dispersal were explored in five major biogeographic regions: the East Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Indo‐Australian Archipelago hotspot, and the Central Pacific.MethodsA dispersal, extinction and cladogenesis (DEC) model implemented in Lagrange was used to infer the most likely biogeographic scenarios at nodes on chronograms of three diverse reef fish families (Labridae, Pomacentridae, Chaetodontidae). For the terminal branches ANOVA was used to compare patterns of origination on a regional and global scale. Patterns of origination and dispersal were examined within discrete time periods for the five biogeographic regions.ResultsTemporal examination of hypothetical ancestral lineages reveal a pattern of increasing isolation of the East Pacific and Atlantic regions from the Eocene, and the changing role of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago from a location of accumulating ranges in the Palaeo/Eocene, a centre of origination in the Miocene, to extensive expansion of lineages into adjacent regions from the Pliocene to Recent.Main conclusionsWhile the East Pacific and Atlantic have a history of isolation, the Indo‐Australian Archipelago has a history of connectivity. It has sequentially and then simultaneously acted as a centre of accumulation (Palaeocene/Eocene onwards), survival (Eocene/Oligocene onwards), origin (Miocene onwards), and export (Pliocene/Recent) for reef fishes. The model suggests that it was the proliferation and expansion of lineages in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (the Coral Triangle) during the Miocene that underpinned the current biodiversity in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Deep barriers, shallow divergences: reduced phylogeographical structure in the collared pika (Mammalia:Lagomorpha:Ochotona collaris)
Authors: Lanier Hayley C. , Olson Link E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimPikas (Ochotonaspp.) are alpine specialists that show considerable morphological and genetic variation structured along latitudinal and elevational gradients. Recent studies ofNorthAmerican andAsian pikas have uncovered phylogeographical partitioning among separate mountain ranges and drainages, driven byQuaternary climate fluctuations. We tested the prediction that collared pikas (O. collaris) exhibit lower genetic diversity and less structure than other species of pika due to lower long‐term habitat stability.LocationEasternBeringia (Alaska and north‐westernCanada).MethodsWe examined phylogeographical variation in the collared pika (O. collaris) throughout much of its known range using the mitochondrial cytochromebgene. Population divergence and genetic diversity were compared within and between mountain ranges. Genetic diversity was contrasted with current andPleistocene habitat fragmentation inferred from ecological niche models.ResultsLow but significant differentiation was evident between most populations ofO. collaris, with little haplotype sharing among populations and a single phylogeographical break separating a genetically distinct haplogroup in the south‐eastern part of its range. Variation was mostly structured within populations (as opposed to between populations or mountain ranges). When within‐species nucleotide diversity inO. collaris,O. princepsandO. curzoniaewas compared, genetic diversity was found to decline with increasing latitude.Main conclusionsPopulations ofO. collarisare less geographically structured and exhibit less variability than populations of eitherO. princepsorO. curzoniae. This pattern is better explained by the amount of availablePleistocene habitat predicted for each species than by current predicted habitat or population discontinuity. Collared pikas are currently considered to be a common species at low risk of extinction, but their habitat specificity, population subdivision, and low genetic variation may have consequences for their continued viability in a warming world.
Laminin‐γ1 chain and stress inducible protein 1 synergistically mediate PrPC‐dependent axonal growth via Ca2+ mobilization in dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Santos Tiago G. , Beraldo Flavio H. , Hajj Glaucia N. M. , Lopes Marilene H. , Roffe Martin , Lupinacci Fernanda C. S. , Ostapchenko Valeriy G. , Prado Vania F. , Prado Marco A. M. , Martins Vilma R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPrion protein (PrPC) is a cell surface glycoprotein that is abundantly expressed in nervous system. The elucidation of the PrPC interactome network and its significance on neural physiology is crucial to understanding neurodegenerative events associated with prion and Alzheimer's diseases. PrPC co‐opts stress inducible protein 1/alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (STI1/α7nAChR) or laminin/Type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5) to modulate hippocampal neuronal survival and differentiation. However, potential cross‐talk between these protein complexes and their role in peripheral neurons has never been addressed. To explore this issue, we investigated PrPC‐mediated axonogenesis in peripheral neurons in response to STI1 and laminin‐γ1 chain‐derived peptide (Ln‐γ1). STI1 and Ln‐γ1 promoted robust axonogenesis in wild‐type neurons, whereas no effect was observed in neurons from PrPC‐null mice. PrPC binding to Ln‐γ1 or STI1 led to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels via distinct mechanisms: STI1 promoted extracellular Ca2+ influx, and Ln‐γ1 released calcium from intracellular stores. Both effects depend on phospholipase C activation, which is modulated by mGluR1/5 for Ln‐γ1, but depends on, C‐type transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels rather than α7nAChR for STI1. Treatment of neurons with suboptimal concentrations of both ligands led to synergistic actions on PrPC‐mediated calcium response and axonogenesis. This effect was likely mediated by simultaneous binding of the two ligands to PrPC. These results suggest a role for PrPC as an organizer of diverse multiprotein complexes, triggering specific signaling pathways and promoting axonogenesis in the peripheral nervous system.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis) in Children: Report of Three Cases with Cutaneous Manifestations and Literature Review
Authors: Gajic‐Veljic Mirjana , Nikolic Milos , Peco‐Antic Amira , Bogdanovic Radovan , Andrejevic Sladjana , Bonaci‐Nikolic Branka 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), also known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare disease in childhood. Of 39 GPA patients that we diagnosed during a 20‐year period, only 3 (7.7%) were younger than 18 years. We report the course of GPA in three girls whose disease started at the ages of 16, 11, and 6 years. All had cutaneous manifestations: the first had necrotizing vasculitis, the second had palpable purpura, and the third had right upper‐eyelid edema and infiltration and proptosis caused by extraocular pseudotumor, initially histologically misdiagnosed as orbital immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related disease. Unlike with skin vasculitis and glomerulonephritis, upper‐airway and orbital inflammation were resistant to immunosuppressive therapy. Our report emphasizes that children presenting with cutaneous vasculitis, chronic eyelid swelling, sinusitis, or hoarseness should be tested for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. We emphasize that the upper‐eyelid edema and infiltration, with histologic characteristics of orbital IgG4‐related disease, may be the initial presentation of localized GPA in children, a feature that, until now, has been described only in adults.
Investigation of the association between dietary intake, disease severity and airway inflammation in asthma
Authors: Berthon Bronwyn S. , Macdonald‐Wicks Lesley K. , Gibson Peter G. , Wood Lisa G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and objectiveDietary intake is an important modifiable risk factor for asthma and may be related to disease severity and inflammation, through the effects of intake of anti‐oxidant‐rich foods and pro‐inflammatory nutrients. This study aimed to examine dietary intake in asthma in relation to asthma severity, lung function, inhaled corticosteroid use, leptin levels and inflammation.MethodsFood frequency questionnaires, spirometry and hypertonic saline challenge were completed by 137 stable asthmatics and 65 healthy controls. Plasma leptin was analysed by immunoassay. Induced sputum differential cell counts were determined.ResultsSubjects with severe persistent asthma consumed more fat and less fibre as compared with healthy controls (odds ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.07), P = 0.014) (odds ratio 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.99), P = 0.018). Among asthmatics, higher fat and lower fibre intakes were associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s and airway eosinophilia. Leptin levels were increased in both male and female asthmatics as compared with healthy controls. No association existed among asthmatics between corticosteroid use and dietary intake.ConclusionsIt was found that asthmatics within the subgroup of severe persistent asthma have a different pattern of dietary intake as compared with healthy controls, which was associated with lower lung function and increased airway inflammation.
Quality of life, coach behaviour and competitive anxiety in Winter Youth Olympic Games participants
Authors: Ledochowski Larissa , Unterrainer Christine , Ruedl Gerhard , Schnitzer Martin , Kopp Martin 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundTo ensure the highest technical performance, speed, safety, excellent control and to improve competitive performance, a successful regulation of competitive anxiety is necessary. Therefore, it seems crucial to identify factors influencing competitive anxiety of adolescent athletes. Research suggests that people reporting high quality of life are more capable to cope with stressful and challenging situations than others. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of quality of life, the involvement of parents in sports career and coach's leadership behaviour on competitive anxiety in Winter Youth Olympic Games participants.MethodsDuring the first Winter Youth Olympic Games 2012 in Innsbruck/Austria, 662 (316 women) participants completed questionnaires and single items to assess quality of life, coach's leadership behaviour, parental involvement in sports career and competitive anxiety.ResultsMultiple regression analysis revealed positive influences of high quality of life and useful coach instruction on competitive anxiety.ConclusionsThe relationship between quality of life, coach behaviour and competitive anxiety in young elite athletes competing at the first Winter Youth Olympic Games should be considered in long-term programmes for reducing competitive stress.