bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defense mechanisms against Sybil attack in vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Ali Mohammadi Mahdiyeh , Pouyan Ali A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMany researchers have focused on vehicular ad hoc networks in recent years. Because of the nature of wireless networks, security of these networks may be compromised against attackers. This leads to losses such as loss of people's lives and loss of productivity in trades and payment services. One of the harmful attacks against sensor and ad hoc networks is Sybil attack, which attacker tries to forge some identities. These identities can be real ones belonging to other vehicles in the network or bogus identities made by the attackers. The purposes of creating dummy entities are for network disruption, traffic safety violation and, briefly, for the attacker's goals. In this paper, we describe a general classification of various methods for Sybil attack detection in vehicular ad hoc network. We then analyze advantages and disadvantages of the selected researches in each class to evaluate their performance with regard to safety and privacy issues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying statistical thinking to ‘Big Data’ problems
Authors: Hoerl Roger W. , Snee Ronald D. , De Veaux Richard D. 
Published: June 2014

Much has been written recently about ‘Big Data’ and the new possibilities that mining this vast amount of data brings. It promises to help us understand or predict everything from the Higgs boson to what a customer might purchase next from Amazon. As with most new phenomena, it is hard to sift through the hype and promotion to understand what is actually true and what is actually useful. One implicit or even explicitly stated assumption in much of the Big Data literature is that statistical thinking fundamentals are no longer relevant in the petabyte age. However, we believe just the opposite. Fundamentals of good modeling and statistical thinking are crucial for the success of Big Data projects. Sound statistical practices, such as ensuring high‐quality data, incorporating sound domain (subject matter) knowledge, and developing an overall strategy or plan of attack for large modeling problems, are even more important for Big Data problems than small data problems. WIREs Comput Stat 2014, 6:222–232. doi: 10.1002/wics.1306This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bootstrap and Resampling
Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data
Data: Types and Structure > Traditional Statistical Data
Applications of Computational Statistics > Education in Computational Statistics
Particle‐induced pulmonary acute phase response may be the causal link between particle inhalation and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Saber Anne T. , Jacobsen Nicklas R. , Jackson Petra , Poulsen Sarah Søs , Kyjovska Zdenka O. , Halappanavar Sabina , Yauk Carole L. , Wallin Håkan , Vogel Ulla 
Published: June 2014

Inhalation of ambient and workplace particulate air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. One proposed mechanism for this association is that pulmonary inflammation induces a hepatic acute phase response, which increases risk of cardiovascular disease. Induction of the acute phase response is intimately linked to risk of cardiovascular disease as shown in both epidemiological and animal studies. Indeed, blood levels of acute phase proteins, such as C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A, are independent predictors of risk of cardiovascular disease in prospective epidemiological studies. In this review, we present and review emerging evidence that inhalation of particles (e.g., air diesel exhaust particles and nanoparticles) induces a pulmonary acute phase response, and propose that this induction constitutes the causal link between particle inhalation and risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased levels of acute phase mRNA and proteins in lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma clearly indicate pulmonary acute phase response following pulmonary deposition of different kinds of particles including diesel exhaust particles, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The pulmonary acute phase response is dose‐dependent and long lasting. Conversely, the hepatic acute phase response is reduced relative to lung or entirely absent. We also provide evidence that pulmonary inflammation, as measured by neutrophil influx, is a predictor of the acute phase response and that the total surface area of deposited particles correlates with the pulmonary acute phase response. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to occupational exposure to nanoparticles. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014, 6:517–531. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1279This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Emerging mechanisms of mRNP remodeling regulation
Authors: Chen Chyi‐Ying A. , Shyu Ann‐Bin 
Published: June 2014

The assembly and remodeling of the components of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) are important in determining the fate of a messenger RNA (mRNA). A combination of biochemical and cell biology research, recently complemented by genome‐wide high‐throughput approaches, has led to significant progress on understanding the formation, dynamics, and function of mRNPs. These studies also advanced the challenging process of identifying the evolving constituents of individual mRNPs at various stages during an mRNA's lifetime. While research on mRNP remodeling in general has been gaining momentum, there has been relatively little attention paid to the regulatory aspect of mRNP remodeling. Here, we discuss the results of some new studies and potential mechanisms for regulation of mRNP remodeling. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:713–722. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1241This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
MCX: a Synchrotron Radiation Beamline for X‐ray Diffraction Line Profile Analysis
Authors: Rebuffi Luca , Plaisier Jasper R. , Abdellatief Mahmoud , Lausi Andrea , Scardi Paolo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe potential of modern methods for X‐ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis can be fully exploited with data collected at synchrotron radiation beamlines, provided that optics and experimental set‐up are suitably designed and characterized. The Material Characterization by X‐ray Diffraction beamline, MCX, at Elettra‐Sincrotrone Trieste, may operate with a set‐up optimally arranged to study nanostructured materials, investigating details of crystalline domain size and shape, lattice defects, and local atomic displacement of static and dynamic nature. Main features of MCX are briefly discussed and best operating conditions illustrated by representative case studies.
Evaluation of an imaging biomarker, Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging, in Gaucher disease: lessons learned
Authors: van Dussen L. , Akkerman E. M. , Hollak C. E. M. , Nederveen A. J. , Maas M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is the first lysosomal storage disorder for which specific therapy became available. The infiltration of bone marrow by storage cells plays an important part in the pathophysiology of skeletal complications and can be quantified by measurements of bone marrow fat fraction (Ff). Ff measurements by Dixon quantitative chemical shift imaging (QCSI) are standard for the follow‐up care of GD patients at the Academic Medical Center. Several criteria should be met in order for these measurements to qualify as an imaging biomarker. These include: 1) The presence of the imaging biomarker is closely coupled or linked to the presence of the target disease or condition; 2) The detection and/or quantitative measurement of the biomarker is accurate, reproducible, and feasible over time, and; 3) The changes measured over time in the imaging biomarker are closely coupled, or linked, to the success or failure of the therapeutic effect and the true end point for the medical therapy being evaluated. This review assesses the use of Ff measurements by QCSI as a biomarker for GD in light of these criteria. In addition potential pitfalls are discussed including: degenerative disc disease; vertebral collapse and infection; haematological malignancies; focal fatty deposits; age; menopause; phase and repositioning errors, and; fat surrounding the basivertebral vein.QCSI measurements of Ff can be used as an imaging biomarker for GD taking these pitfalls into account. It is one of the first biomarkers, in particular imaging biomarkers, for GD that has been systematically evaluated and could be a valuable tool in clinical trials comparing different treatments or dosing regimens.
Comparison of Soybean and Cottonseed Oils upon Hydrogenation with Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Catalysts
Authors: Cheng H. N. , Rau Mason W. , Dowd Michael K. , Easson Michael W. , Condon Brian D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is current interest in reducing the trans fatty acids (TFA) in hydrogenated vegetable oils because consumption of foods high in TFA has been linked to increased serum cholesterol content. In the interest of understanding the TFA levels, hydrogenation was carried out in this work on soybean oil and cottonseed oil at two pressures (2 and 5 bar) and 100 °C using commercially available Ni, Pd, and Pt catalysts. The TFA levels and the fatty acid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography. The iodine value of interest is ~70 for all‐purpose shortening and 95–110 for pourable oil applications. In all cases, higher hydrogen pressures produced lower levels of TFA. In the range of 70–95 iodine values for the hydrogenated products, the Pt catalyst gave the least TFA, followed closely by Ni, and then Pd, for both oils. For all three catalysts at 2‐ and 5‐bar pressures and 70–95 iodine values, cottonseed oil contained noticeably less TFA than soybean oil; this is probably because cottonseed oil contains a lower total amount of olefin‐containing fatty acids relative to soybean oil. Approximate kinetic modeling was also done on the hydrogenation data that provided additional confirmation of data consistency.
The impact of perceptual congruence on the effectiveness of cause‐related marketing campaigns
Authors: Kuo Andrew , Rice Dan Hamilton 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the cause‐related marketing (CRM) literature, the degree of fit between a firm and cause has been shown to positively impact the effectiveness of CRM campaigns. Throughout the literature, however, firm‐cause fit has been operationalized as the relatedness of conceptual attributes such as brand image and positioning (i.e., conceptual congruence). Across three studies, the authors demonstrate that the relatedness of perceptual attributes such as color (i.e., perceptual congruence) can also enhance the effectiveness of CRM campaigns. Study 1 shows that perceptual congruence between a firm and cause positively affects perceptions of overall fit and participation intentions. Study 2 provides evidence that perceptual congruence impacts CRM effectiveness through a fit‐as‐fluency mechanism. Finally, Study 3 demonstrates the moderating effect of elaboration on the relationship between fit type (perceptual vs. conceptual congruence) and participation intentions. Consistent with previous findings, elaboration positively affects participation intentions when the fit type is conceptual, but the results of Study 3 indicate that elaboration negatively impacts participation intentions when the fit type is perceptual.
Problematic search, slack search and institutional logic in corporate R&D strategy: An empirical analysis of Taiwanese electronics firms
Authors: Lu Lin-Hua , Fang Shih-Chieh 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study focuses on firms’ search behavior with regard to corporate R&D investment. Building on Cyert and March's (1963) behavioral theory of the firm, we develop specific hypotheses about how firms adjust their R&D investment in response to performance discrepancies, and how this adjustment varies for two types of slack resources. Moreover, by utilizing institutional logic, we also hypothesized that the firms’ search behaviors in response to performance feedback may differ between business-group affiliated and unaffiliated firms. Empirical evidence from panel data coving 274 Taiwanese electronics firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period 1999–2008 is consistent with our theoretical predictions. In particular, we find that firms will increase R&D investment when they faced discrepancies in performance, but will decrease R&D spending when close to bankruptcy. Moreover, our results show that unabsorbed and absorbed slack have different impacts, positively and negatively affecting R&D investment, respectively. In addition, we find that both business group-affiliated and unaffiliated firms will increase R&D investment in response to negative performance feedback, but only business group-affiliated firms will increase R&D activity when facing positive performance feedback. Furthermore, we also find that only business group-affiliated firms have a greater inclination to invest in R&D when there is unabsorbed slack. Our findings extend the claims of behavioral theory in newly industrialized economies, and identify the important factors that need to be considered in future studies.
Uncertainty management strategies and the export performance of cultural goods: The case of the Korean movie industry from 2000 to 2004
Authors: Kim Sunhyuk 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUncertainty, which is an inherent characteristic of cultural industry in the sense that no one can accurately predict the success or failure of cultural goods, increases greatly when organizations export cultural goods overseas. Then, when exporting cultural goods, how can organizations manage the risks of uncertainty to improve their export performance? Focusing on the case of the Korean movie industry, this study shows that strategies such as market signaling, generalist strategy and vertical integration can contribute to improving the export performance of movies, and thereby help organizations effectively manage the risks of uncertainty arising from the export of movies. For the analysis, this study uses the data of all Korean movies released from 2000 to 2004, and analyzes them on the basis of negative binominal regression. The findings of this study help us understand what strategies are needed for organizations in cultural industry to manage the risks of uncertainty arising from the export of cultural goods.
HYPERGROUP ALGEBRAS AS TOPOLOGICAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: MAGHSOUDI S. , SEOANE-SEPÚLVEDA J. B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}K$be a locally compact hypergroup endowed with a left Haar measure and let$L^1(K)$be the usual Lebesgue space of$K$with respect to the left Haar measure. We investigate some properties of$L^1(K)$under a locally convex topology$\beta ^1$. Among other things, the semireflexivity of$(L^1(K), \beta ^1)$and of sequentially$\beta ^1$-continuous functionals is studied. We also show that$(L^1(K), \beta ^1)$with the convolution multiplication is always a complete semitopological algebra, whereas it is a topological algebra if and only if$K$is compact.
Determinants of Spatial Pattern in Saxicolous Lichen Communities
Authors: John Elizabeth , Dale M. R. T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn order to obtain a complete picture of the factors determining spatial pattern in a saxicolous lichen community (or any other plant community) it is important to use a range of analytical techniques at a variety of scales. The Jonas Rockslide study is an example of this, and three analyses from this study are discussed here. Each scale gives a different perspective on the processes acting in the community. The largest scale shows that lichen distributions are correlated with attributes of whole rockfaces such as slope and aspect. The second analysis examines pattern at the scale of 10 cm to 20 cm grid points and shows that within a rockface are many micro-habitats, reflected in the pattern of occurrence of different lichen species at this scale. The smallest scale of analysis is a ‘nearest-neighbour’ analysis, which indicates that lichens sample their environment differently and have different ecological strategies. These processes ultimately act together to give the observed pattern in the community.
Advantages and disadvantages of conditional systems for characterization of essential genes in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ ELENA , WONG ELEANOR H. , PALL GURMAN S. , MEISSNER MARKUS 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThe dissection of apicomplexan biology has been highly influenced by the genetic tools available for manipulation of parasite DNA. Here, we describe different techniques available for the generation of conditional mutants. Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the three most commonly used regulation systems: the tetracycline inducible system, the regulation of protein stability and site-specific recombination are discussed. Using some previously described examples we explore some of the pitfalls involved in gene-function analysis using these systems that can lead to wrong or over-interpretation of phenotypes. We will also mention different options to standardize the application of these techniques for the characterization of gene function in high-throughput.
Experimental ruminant models for bovine neosporosis: what is known and what is needed
Authors: BENAVIDES JULIO , COLLANTES-FERNÁNDEZ ESTHER , FERRE IGNACIO , PÉREZ VALENTÍN , CAMPERO CARLOS , MOTA RINALDO , INNES ELISABETH , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS M. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYAt present, bovine neosporosis is an important worldwide concern because of its wide geographic distribution and economic impact. Abortion is the main clinical sign of bovine neosporosis in both dairy and beef cattle. Ruminant challenge models are critical to evaluate potential vaccine candidates to help tackle bovine neosporosis and to study pathogenesis and host responses to infection. Several research groups have developed ruminant models ofNeospora caninuminfection independently of others, resulting in a high degree of variability due to the use of different species of animals, breeds, strains/isolates ofN. caninum, doses, routes and times of inoculation. Standardization is greatly needed to advance research in a more collaborative, timely and efficient manner. In the absence of widely accepted international guidelines, this manuscript serves to summarize and discuss the different models and parameters currently in use. Parameters essential for the development of non-pregnant and pregnant ruminant models are outlined and the main knowledge gaps are identified. This information could act as the basis to develop a consensus for international standard guidelines for ruminant models of neosporosis that would be helpful for researchers in this field worldwide.
Purine salvage in the apicomplexanSarcocystis neurona, and generation of hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient clones for positive-negative selection of transgenic parasites
Authors: DANGOUDOUBIYAM SRIVENY , ZHANG ZIJING , HOWE DANIEL K. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYSarcocystis neuronais an apicomplexan parasite that causes severe neurological disease in horses and marine mammals. The Apicomplexa are all obligate intracellular parasites that lack purine biosynthesis pathways and rely on the host cell for their purine requirements. Hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT) and adenosine kinase (AK) are key enzymes that function in two complementary purine salvage pathways in apicomplexans. Bioinformatic searches of theS. neuronagenome revealed genes encoding HXGPRT, AK and all of the major purine salvage enzymes except purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Wild-typeS. neuronawere able to grow in the presence of mycophenolic acid (MPA) but were inhibited by 6-thioxanthine (6-TX), suggesting that the pathways involving either HXGPRT or AK are functional in this parasite. Prior work withToxoplasma gondiidemonstrated the utility of HXGPRT as a positive-negative selection marker. To enable the use of HXGPRT inS. neurona, the SnHXGPRTgene sequence was determined and a gene-targeting plasmid was transfected intoS. neurona. SnHXGPRT-deficient mutants were selected with 6-TX, and single-cell clones were obtained. These Sn∆HXG parasites were susceptible to MPA and could be complemented using the heterologousT. gondii HXGPRTgene. In summary,S. neuronapossesses both purine salvage pathways described in apicomplexans, thus allowing the use of HXGPRT as a positive-negative drug selection marker in this parasite.
Pain management in the neonatal piglet during routine management procedures. Part 1: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized intervention studies
Authors: Dzikamunhenga R. S. , Anthony R. , Coetzee J. , Gould S. , Johnson A. , Karriker L. , McKean J. , Millman S.T. , Niekamp S. R. , O'Connor A. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRoutine procedures carried out on piglets (i.e. castration, tail docking, teeth clipping, and ear notching) are considered painful. Unfortunately the efficacy of current pain mitigation modalities is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing primary scientific literature regarding the effectiveness of pain management interventions used for routine procedures on piglets. The review question was, ‘In piglets under twenty-eight days old, undergoing castration, tail docking, teeth clipping, and/or methods of identification that involve cutting of the ear tissue, what is the effect of pain mitigation compared with no pain mitigation on behavioral and non-behavioral outcomes that indicate procedural pain and post-procedural pain?’ A review protocol was designeda priori. Data sources used were Agricola (EBSCO), CAB Abstracts (Thomson Reuters), PubMed, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), BIOSIS Previews (Thomson Reuters), and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text. No restrictions on year of publication or language were placed on the search. Eligible studies assessed an intervention designed to mitigate the pain of the procedures of interest and included a comparison group that did not receive an intervention. Eligible non-English studies were translated using a translation service. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance using pre-defined questions. Data were extracted from relevant articles onto pre-defined forms. From the 2203 retrieved citations forty publications, containing 52 studies met the eligibility criteria. In 40 studies, piglets underwent castration only. In seven studies, piglets underwent tail docking only. In one study, piglets underwent teeth clipping only, and in one study piglets underwent ear notching only. Three studies used multiple procedures. Thirty-two trial arms assessed general anesthesia protocols, 30 trial arms assessed local anesthetic protocols, and 28 trial arms assessed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protocols. Forty-one trial arms were controls where piglets received either placebo or no treatment. Forty-five outcomes were extracted from the studies, however only the results from studies that assessed cortisol (six studies), β-endorphins (one study), vocalisations (nine studies), and pain-related behaviors (nine studies) are reported. Other outcomes were reported in only one or two studies. Confident decision making will likely be difficult based on this body of work because lack of comprehensive reporting precludes calculation of the magnitude of pain mitigation for most outcomes.