bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet GpIbα Binding to von Willebrand Factor Under Fluid Shear: Contributions of the D'D3‐Domain, A1‐Domain Flanking Peptide and O‐Linked Glycans
Authors: Madabhushi Sri R. , Zhang Changjie , Kelkar Anju , Dayananda Kannayakanahalli M. , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: October 2014

Background
Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) A1‐domain binding to platelet receptor GpIbα is an important fluid‐shear dependent interaction that regulates both soluble VWF binding to platelets, and platelet tethering onto immobilized VWF. We evaluated the roles of different structural elements at the N‐terminus of the A1‐domain in regulating shear dependent platelet binding. Specifically, the focus was on the VWF D′D3‐domain, A1‐domain N‐terminal flanking peptide (NFP), and O‐glycans on this peptide.

Methods and Results

Full‐length dimeric VWF (ΔPro‐VWF), dimeric VWF lacking the D′D3 domain (ΔD′D3‐VWF), and ΔD′D3‐VWF variants lacking either the NFP (ΔD′D3NFP
─
‐VWF) or just O‐glycans on this peptide (ΔD′D3OG
─
‐VWF) were expressed. Monomeric VWF‐A1 and D′D3‐A1 were also produced. In ELISA, the apparent dissociation constant (K
D
) of soluble ΔPro‐VWF binding to immobilized GpIbα (K
D
≈100 nmol/L) was 50‐ to 100‐fold higher than other proteins lacking the D′D3 domain (K
D
~0.7 to 2.5 nmol/L). Additionally, in surface plasmon resonance studies, the on‐rate of D′D3‐A1 binding to immobilized GpIbα (k
on
=1.8±0.4×10
4
(mol/L)
−1
·s
−1
; K
D
=1.7 μmol/L) was reduced compared with the single VWF‐A1 domain (k
on
=5.1±0.4×10
4
(mol/L)
−1
·s
−1
; K
D
=1.2 μmol/L). Thus, VWF‐D′D3 primarily controls soluble VWF binding to GpIbα. In contrast, upon VWF immobilization, all molecular features regulated A1‐GpIbα binding. Here, in ELISA, the number of apparent A1‐domain sites available for binding GpIbα on ΔPro‐VWF was ≈50% that of the ΔD′D3‐VWF variants. In microfluidics based platelet adhesion measurements on immobilized VWF and thrombus formation assays on collagen, human platelet recruitment varied as ΔPro‐VWF<ΔD′D3‐VWF<ΔD′D3NFP
─
‐VWF<ΔD′D3OG
─
‐VWF.

Conclusions
Whereas VWF‐D′D3 is the major regulator of soluble VWF binding to platelet GpIbα, both the D′D3‐domain and N‐terminal peptide regulate platelet translocation and thrombus formation.
Long-Term Costs of Stroke Using 10-Year Longitudinal Data From the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study
Authors: Gloede Tristan D. , Halbach Sarah M. , Thrift Amanda G. , Dewey Helen M. , Pfaff Holger , Cadilhac Dominique A. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
Stroke is costly, although little is known about the long-term costs of survivors of stroke. In previous cost-of-illness studies, lifetime costs have been modeled based on estimates to 5 years after stroke. Building on previous work from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS), we aimed to describe resource use at 10 years and recalculate the lifetime societal costs of ischemic and hemorrhagic (intracerebral hemorrhage) stroke.

Methods—
Ten-year patient-level resource use data were obtained and updated prices and population demographic statistics for 2010 were applied to our cost-of-illness models. We incorporated incidence data from a larger study region of NEMESIS than that used in the previous model and new 10-year survival and recurrent stroke rates. One-way sensitivity and probabilistic multivariable uncertainty analyses were undertaken.

Results—
For ischemic stroke, the overall average annual direct costs at 10 years (US dollars [USD] 5207) were comparable to those for survivors between 3 and 5 years (USD5438). However, the contribution of some costs varied (eg, medications contributed 13% at 5 years and 20% at 10 years). For intracerebral hemorrhage, annual direct costs were considerably (24%) greater at 10 years than estimated using 3 to 5 year data. Greater average lifetime costs per case were found using the updated models (ischemic stroke: previous model USD51806 and current USD68 769; intracerebral hemorrhage: previous model USD43 786 and current USD54 956 per case). Following sensitivity and multivariable uncertainty analyses, the findings were robust.

Conclusions—
Costs to 10 years after stroke have not previously been reported. Our findings demonstrate the importance of estimating resource use over longer periods for forecasting lifetime estimates.
The Impact of Regional Multidecadal and Century-Scale Internal Climate Variability on Sea Level Trends in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Carson Mark , Köhl Armin , Stammer Detlef 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Regional sea surface height variability due to internal climate fluctuations is estimated using preindustrial control runs of 21 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Projected sea level trends of the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario for 20-, 50-, and 100-yr intervals grow from being largely dominated by internal variability on shorter time scales to being the dominant sea level signal on long time scales. The internal variability is estimated by calculating overlapping trends for the various time scales on the regional sea level control run output from each model. When compared to the ensemble spread of the RCP4.5 scenario trends, the internal variability remains a substantial portion of the spread even after 50 years. The regional ensemble mean trends are mostly larger than the ensemble spread for the 50-yr interval and are larger everywhere, except for part of the central Arctic and the Southern Ocean for the 100-yr projection. Although it is unclear whether the model internal variability estimate will be comparable to long-term variability in the real ocean, the authors compare the strength of the estimate to satellite altimetry and find that altimetry-based trends may be larger in tropical ocean regions, with only limited extratropical regions rising above the internal variability. The authors also analyze a single model’s internal variability against its future RCP4.5-projected sea level and show that, by 50 years, many regional sea level trends are larger than the underlying internal variability, though this variability still accounts for more than a third of the trend magnitude for almost half of the extratropical ocean.
An Unusual Aerial Photograph of an Eddy Circulation in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds
Authors: Muller Bradley M. , Herbster Christopher G. , Mosher Frederick R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An aerial photograph of a cyclonic, von Kármán–like vortex in the marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast, taken by a commercial pilot near Grover Beach, is presented. It is believed that this is the first photograph of such an eddy, taken from an airplane, to appear in publication.
The eddy occurred with a strong inversion above a shallow marine boundary layer, in the lee of high, inversion-penetrating terrain. Tower and surface wind measurements plotted on satellite imagery demonstrate that the Grover Beach eddy was not just a cloud-level feature, but extended through the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) to the surface. Evolution of the flow during the formation of the eddy appears similar to idealized numerical simulations of blocked MABL flow from the literature. The tower measurements sampled the northern part of the eddy circulation during its formation just offshore. The 2°–3°C temperature increases and then decreases during and after the eddy passage may be indicative of warmer air, from sheltered locations to the southeast, and/or downslope flow, being advected by and included into the eddy circulation. Satellite data compared with sequences of wind reversals at two different levels of the meteorological tower suggest that the eddy is tilted with height, at least during its formation stage. Formation mechanisms are discussed, but the subsynoptic observations are inadequate to resolve basic questions about the flow; ultimately a high-resolution model simulation is needed.
Topographical transcriptome mapping of the mouse medial ganglionic eminence by spatially resolved RNA-seq
Authors: Zechel Sabrina , Zajac Pawel , Lönnerberg Peter , Ibáñez Carlos F , Linnarsson Sten 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Background
Cortical interneurons originating from the medial ganglionic eminence, MGE, are among the most diverse cells within the CNS. Different pools of proliferating progenitor cells are thought to exist in the ventricular zone of the MGE, but whether the underlying subventricular and mantle regions of the MGE are spatially patterned has not yet been addressed. Here, we combined laser-capture microdissection and multiplex RNA-sequencing to map the transcriptome of MGE cells at a spatial resolution of 50 μm.

Results
Distinct groups of progenitor cells showing different stages of interneuron maturation are identified and topographically mapped based on their genome-wide transcriptional pattern. Although proliferating potential decreased rather abruptly outside the ventricular zone, a ventro-lateral gradient of increasing migratory capacity was identified, revealing heterogeneous cell populations within this neurogenic structure.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that spatially resolved RNA-seq is ideally suited for high resolution topographical mapping of genome-wide gene expression in heterogeneous anatomical structures such as the mammalian central nervous system.
Heterozygous defects in PAX6 gene and congenital hypopituitarism
Authors: Takagi Masaki , Nagasaki Keisuke , Fujiwara Ikuma , Ishii Tomohiro , Amano Naoko , Asakura Yumi , Muroya Koji , Hasegawa Yukihiro , Adachi Masanori , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe prevalence of congenital hypopituitarism (CH) attributable to known transcription factor mutations appears to be rare and other causative genes for CH remain to be identified. Due to the sporadic occurrence of CH,de novochromosomal rearrangements could be one of the molecular mechanisms participating in its etiology, especially in syndromic cases.ObjectiveTo identify the role of copy number variations (CNVs) in the etiology of CH and to identify novel genes implicated in CH.Subjects and methodsWe enrolled 88 (syndromic: 30; non-syndromic: 58) Japanese CH patients. We performed an array comparative genomic hybridization screening in the 30 syndromic CH patients. For all the 88 patients, we analyzedPAX6by PCR-based sequencing.ResultsWe identified one heterozygous 310-kb deletion of thePAX6enhancer region in one patient showing isolated GH deficiency (IGHD), cleft palate, and optic disc cupping. We also identified one heterozygous 6.5-Mb deletion encompassingOTX2in a patient with bilateral anophthalmia and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. We identified a novelPAX6mutation, namely p.N116S in one non-syndromic CH patient showing IGHD. The p.N116SPAX6was associated with an impairment of the transactivation capacities of the PAX6-binding elements.ConclusionsThis study showed that heterozygousPAX6mutations are associated with CH patients.PAX6mutations may be associated with diverse clinical features ranging from severely impaired ocular and pituitary development to apparently normal phenotype. Overall, this study identified causative CNVs with a possible role in the etiology of CH in <10% of syndromic CH patients.
Pearl Millet Inbred and Testcross Performance under Low Phosphorus in West Africa
Authors: Gemenet Dorcus C. , Hash C. Tom , Sy Ousmane , Zangre Roger G. , Sanogo Moussa D. , Leiser Willmar L. , Parzies Heiko K. , Haussmann Bettina I.G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] is a food security crop for millions living in drylands of Africa and Asia. Its production on acid sandy soils of the Sahel is limited by erratic rainfall and poor soil fertility, especially low P soils. We sought to elucidate the genetic variation in West and Central African landrace‐derived inbred lines for grain yield under low P conditions, to determine their performance as inbred lines per se and in hybrid combinations, and to determine quantitative‐genetic parameters to derive an appropriate breeding strategy to enhance grain yield under low P conditions. We evaluated a total of 155 landrace‐derived inbred lines as well as their testcrosses in four locations during two years under two treatments, high P (HP; with P fertilization) and low P (LP; without P fertilization). Results revealed significant effects for genotypes, P‐level, genotype × P‐level, as well as genotype × environment interactions. Grain yield reductions under LP treatment ranged from 7.9 to 35.5%, and 11.2 to 60.9% for inbred lines and testcrosses respectively, with positive midparent heterosis averaging 43.5% under LP. We conclude that direct selection of testcrosses under LP is more effective and that indirect selection for testross performance from inbred line performance is not desirable.
The BAS ice-shelf hot-water drill: design, methods and tools
Authors: Makinson Keith , Anker Paul G.D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe 2011/12 Antarctic field season saw the first use of a new British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ice-shelf hot-water drill system on the Larsen C and George VI ice shelves. Delivering 90 L min−1 at 80°C, a total of five holes >30 cm in diameter at three locations were successfully drilled through almost 400 m of ice to provide access to the underlying ocean, including the first access beneath the Larsen C ice shelf. These access holes enabled the deployment of instruments to measure sea-water conductivity, temperature, depth and microstructure, the collection of water samples and up to 2.9 m long sediment cores, before long-term oceanographic moorings were deployed. The simple modular design allowed for Twin Otter aircraft deployment, rapid assembly and commissioning of the system, which proved highly reliable with minimal supervision. A number of novel solutions to various operational sub-ice-shelf profiling and mooring deployment issues were successfully employed through the hot-water drilled access holes to aid the positioning, recovery and deployment of instruments. With future activities now focusing on the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, the drill has been upgraded from its current 500 m capability to 1000 m with additional drill hose and further generator, pumping and heating modules.
La musique « océanique » : Romain Rolland entre Beethoven et Wagner
Authors: Kaluaratchige Elizabeth 
Published: October 2014

Cet article traite de la question de l’universalité de la musique chez Romain Rolland faisant référence à Wagner et Beethoven : une musique « pure » sans ou avec mots, qui pourrait pénétrer le cœur des musiciens et des mélomanes, et une musique porteuse de message qui s’adresserait à l’esprit de la masse. Nous essayons de dégager la position freudienne sur l’écoute de la musique, par le biais du débat entre Freud et Romain Rolland mené sur le sentiment océanique.
« Cultures policières » et opérations internationales de paix1
Authors: Maury Sophie , Tanner2 Samuel 
Published: October 2014

Déployées par l’ONU dans les opérations de maintien de la paix depuis les années 1960, les forces de police – UNPOL – se sont vu attribuer toujours plus de responsabilités, assurant aujourd’hui un rôle primordial sur le théâtre de ces opérations. Confrontés à un environnement nouveau, ces policiers doivent se familiariser avec les enjeux politiques, les coutumes du pays hôte mais aussi collaborer avec des polices du monde entier dans le but de remplir efficacement leur mandat. Cette coopération est l’une des clés de la réussite de la mission et, par cet article, nous montrerons que celle-ci est un véritable défi à relever. À partir d’un échantillon de 36 entrevues conduites avec des policiers canadiens ayant participé à une ou plusieurs opérations de la MINUSTAH (Mission des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en Haïti), nous analysons les pratiques quotidiennes et les stratégies utilisées en vue d’une pleine coopération internationale. L’hétérogénéité des polices internationales, ici appréhendées du point de vue des modalités de recrutement appliquées par les pays contributeurs, des compétences et cultures juridiques policières et des motivations poussant les policiers à partir en mission, tend à générer un climat de méfiance entre les UNPOL, parfois même un sentiment de frustration, qui augmente les coûts de transaction de la coopération policière, dommageable à l’application d’un mandat déjà complexe.
Precipitation variability within the West Pacific Warm Pool over the past 120 ka: Evidence from the Davao Gulf, southern Philippines
Authors: Fraser Nicholas , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann , Bolliet Timothé , Andersen Nils , Blanz Thomas , Beaufort Luc 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProxy records of hydrologic variability in the West Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) have revealed wide‐scale changes in past convective activity in response to orbital and suborbital climate forcings. However, attributing proxy responses to regional changes in WPWP hydrology versus local variations in precipitation requires independent records linking the terrestrial and marine realms. We present high‐resolution stable isotope, UK′37sea surface temperature, X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning, and coccolithophore‐derived paleoproductivity records covering the past 120 ka from International Marine Global Change (IMAGES) Program Core MD06‐3075 (6°29′N, 125°50′E, water depth 1878 m), situated in the Davao Gulf on the southern side of Mindanao. XRF‐derived log(Fe/Ca) records provide a robust proxy for runoff‐driven sedimentary discharge from Mindanao, while past changes in local productivity are associated with variable freshwater runoff and stratification of the surface layer. Significant precessional‐scale variability in sedimentary discharge occurred during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5, with peaks in discharge contemporaneous with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation minima. We attribute these changes to the latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the WPWP together with variability in the strength of the Walker circulation acting on precessional timescales. Between 60 and 15 ka sedimentary discharge at Mindanao was muted, displaying little orbital‐ or millennial‐scale variability, likely in response to weakened precessional insolation forcing and lower sea level driving increased subsidence of air masses over the exposed Sunda Shelf. These results highlight the high degree of local variability in the precipitation response to past climate changes in the WPWP.
On Mars too expect macroweather
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun , Muller J.‐P. , Boisvert J. P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTerrestrial atmospheric and oceanic spectra show drastic transitions at τw ≈ 10 days and τow ≈ 1 year, respectively; this has been theorized as the lifetime of planetary‐scale structures. For wind and temperature, the forms of the low‐ and high‐frequency parts of the spectra (macroweather and weather) as well as the τw can be theoretically estimated, the latter depending notably on the solar‐induced turbulent energy flux. We extend the theory to other planets and test it using Viking lander and reanalysis data from Mars. When the Martian spectra are scaled by the theoretical amount, they agree very well with their terrestrial atmospheric counterparts. We discuss the implications for understanding planetary fluid dynamical systems.
Testing morphodynamic controls on the location and frequency of river avulsions on fans versus deltas: Huanghe (Yellow River), China
Authors: Ganti Vamsi , Chu Zhongxin , Lamb Michael P. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Parker Gary 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of river avulsion location and frequency is needed to predict the growth of alluvial fans and deltas. The Huanghe, China, provides a rare opportunity to test emerging theories because its high sediment load produces regular avulsions at two distinct nodes. Where the river debouches from the Loess Plateau, avulsions occur at an abrupt decrease in bed slope and reoccur at a time interval (607 years) consistent with a channel‐filling timescale set by the superelevation height of the levees. Downstream, natural deltaic avulsions reoccur at a timescale that is fast (7 years) compared to channel‐filling timescale due to large stage‐height variability during floods. Unlike the upstream node, deltaic avulsions cluster at a location influenced by backwater hydrodynamics and show evidence for episodic downstream migration in concert with progradation of the shoreline, providing new expectations for the interplay between avulsion location, frequency, shoreline rugosity, and delta morphology.
Initiation of plate tectonics from post‐magma ocean thermochemical convection
Authors: Foley Bradford J. , Bercovici David , Elkins‐Tanton Linda T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeading theories for the presence of plate tectonics on Earth typically appeal to the role of present day conditions in promoting rheological weakening of the lithosphere. However, it is unknown whether the conditions of the early Earth were favorable for plate tectonics, or any form of subduction, and thus, how subduction begins is unclear. Using physical models based on grain‐damage, a grainsize‐feedback mechanism capable of producing plate‐like mantle convection, we demonstrate that subduction was possible on the Hadean Earth (hereafter referred to as proto‐subduction or proto‐plate tectonics), that proto‐subduction differed from modern day plate tectonics, and that it could initiate rapidly. Scaling laws for convection with grain‐damage show that though either higher mantle temperatures or higher surface temperatures lead to slower plates, proto‐subduction, with plate speeds of ≈1.75 cm/yr, can still be maintained in the Hadean, even with a CO2 rich primordial atmosphere. Furthermore, when the mantle potential temperature is high (e.g., above ≈2000 K), the mode of subduction switches to a “sluggish subduction” style, where downwellings are drip like and plate boundaries are diffuse. Finally, numerical models of post‐magma ocean mantle convection demonstrate that proto‐plate tectonics likely initiates within ∼100 Myr of magma ocean solidification, consistent with evidence from Hadean zircons. After the initiation of proto‐subduction, non‐plate‐tectonic “sluggish subduction” prevails, giving way to modern style plate tectonics as both the mantle interior and climate cool. Hadean proto‐subduction may hasten the onset of modern plate tectonics by drawing excess CO2 out of the atmosphere and cooling the climate.
Characteristics of tropical cyclones in high‐resolution models in the present climate
Authors: Shaevitz Daniel A. , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam H. , Jonas Jeffrey A. , Kim Daehyun , Kumar Arun , LaRow Timothy E. , Lim Young‐Kwon , Murakami Hiroyuki , Reed Kevin A. , Roberts Malcolm J. , Scoccimarro Enrico , Vidale Pier Luigi , Wang Hui , Wehner Michael F. , Zhao Ming , Henderson Naomi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe global characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) simulated by several climate models are analyzed and compared with observations. The global climate models were forced by the same sea surface temperature (SST) fields in two types of experiments, using climatological SST and interannually varying SST. TC tracks and intensities are derived from each model's output fields by the group who ran that model, using their own preferred tracking scheme; the study considers the combination of model and tracking scheme as a single modeling system, and compares the properties derived from the different systems. Overall, the observed geographic distribution of global TC frequency was reasonably well reproduced. As expected, with the exception of one model, intensities of the simulated TC were lower than in observations, to a degree that varies considerably across models.