bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual regulation of clock gene Per2 expression in discrete brain areas by the circadian pacemaker and methamphetamine‐induced oscillator in rats
Authors: Natsubori Akiyo , Honma Ken‐ichi , Honma Sato 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBehavioral rhythms induced by methamphetamine (MAP) treatment in rats are independent of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). To know the site and mechanism of an underlying oscillation (MAP‐induced oscillator; MAO), extra‐SCN circadian rhythms in the discrete brain areas were examined in rats with and without the SCN. To fix the phase of MAO, MAP was supplied in drinking water at a restricted time of day for 14 days (R‐MAP) and subsequently given ad libitum (ad‐MAP). Plain water was given to the controls at the same restricted time (R‐Water). Clock gene Per2 expression was measured by a bioluminescence reporter in cultured brain tissues. In SCN‐intact rats, MAO was induced by R‐MAP and behavioral rhythms were phase‐delayed from the restricted time under ad‐MAP with relative coordination. Circadian Per2 rhythms in R‐MAP rats were not affected in the SCN but were slightly phase‐advanced in the olfactory bulb (OB), caudate–putamen (CPU) and substantia nigra (SN) as compared with R‐Water rats. Following SCN lesion, R‐MAP‐induced MAO phase‐shifted more slowly and did not show a sign of relative coordination. In these rats, circadian Per2 rhythms were significantly phase‐shifted in the OB and SN as compared with SCN‐intact rats. These findings indicate that MAO was induced by MAP given at a restricted time of day in association with phase‐shifts of the extra‐SCN circadian oscillators in the brain dopaminergic areas. The findings also suggest that these extra‐SCN oscillators are the components of MAO and receive dual regulation by MAO and the SCN circadian pacemaker.
Estrogen potentiates the behavioral and nucleus accumbens dopamine response to continuous haloperidol treatment in female rats
Authors: Madularu Dan , Shams Waqqas M. , Brake Wayne G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEstrogen has been shown to enhance the effects of antipsychotics in humans. To investigate the mechanisms of how this may occur, the current study examined estradiol's effects on dopaminergic transmission and behavior in amphetamine‐sensitized and non‐sensitized female rats. Sixty‐four ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats were used for this study. Half of the rats were sensitized to four once‐daily injections of 1 mg/kg amphetamine and the other half served as controls. Rats received chronic administration of either low‐dose haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg/day) or saline vehicle via osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously. The groups were further subdivided with respect to estradiol treatment: low chronic estrogen (subcutaneous estradiol implant, 0.36 mg/pellet: 90‐day release, plus an additional oil vehicle injection every second day) and high pulsatile estrogen (subcutaneous estradiol implant plus an additional 10 μg/kg estradiol injection every second day). Motor activity was assessed at day 2 and day 12 during haloperidol treatment, while nucleus accumbens dopamine availability was assessed via microdialysis 10 days into antipsychotic treatment. Haloperidol treatment along with high, but not low, estradiol replacement was effective in reducing amphetamine‐induced locomotor activity in sensitized rats. High estradiol treatment also augmented the effects of chronic haloperidol in reducing dopaminergic release in sensitized rats. These data suggest that estradiol levels affect both the behavioral and the dopamine responses to chronic antipsychotic treatment.
Choices of abundance currency, community definition and diversity metric control the predictive power of macroecological models of biodiversity
Authors: Certain Grégoire , Dormann Carsten F. , Planque Benjamin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThis study focuses on the influence of methodological choices on the predictive performance of macroecological models (MEMs), i.e. statistical models designed to predict patterns of biodiversity using environmental predictors. We emphasize the influence of three methodological choices: (1) the choice of the currency in which the abundance of each species is measured, i.e. numbers of individuals or biomass; (2) the rules used to define the species assemblage under focus, i.e. broad communities or refined ecological guilds; and (3) the influence of rare over common species in the biodiversity measure.LocationThe effects of these choices are investigated using an exhaustive dataset on the fish fauna of the continental shelf of the Barents Sea.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of 220 models resulting from all possible combinations of the three methodological choices. For each, we evaluated the predictive performance through an iterative cross‐validation process.ResultsAll methodological choices we investigated strongly affected the predictive performance of MEMs. High predictive performances were obtained when using biomass instead of numbers of individuals, when focusing on narrow ecological guilds composed of species sharing the same ecological traits and when using diversity measures that give high weight to rare species.Main conclusionsWe recommend that future projections of biodiversity pay more attention to abundance currency, ecological homogeneity of focal species assemblages and the diversity metric used, and systematically investigate these methodological choices prior to producing biodiversity forecasts. Splitting a whole set of species into ecological guilds appears to be a promising practice, leading to a selected set of MEMs with high predictive performances and more detailed forecasts on the fate of diversity.
A review of immune tolerance induction with Haemate® P in haemophilia A
Authors: Escuriola Ettingshausen C. , Kreuz W. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryImmune tolerance induction (ITI) has been shown to successfully eliminate factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in haemophilia patients with inhibitors. We performed a literature search to identify reports from January 1980 to October 2012 on the use of the plasma‐derived, von Willebrand factor (VWF)‐containing FVIII concentrate Haemate® P/Humate‐P® in the setting of ITI. Six reports were identified that specifically evaluated the use of Haemate® P/Humate‐P® including 32 children and 9 adults. Dosing regimens ranged from 20 IU kg−1 every 2–3 days in patients with low‐responding (LR; n = 5) inhibitors to 300 IU kg−1 day−1 in patients with high‐responding (HR; n = 36) inhibitors. Complete success was achieved in all five LR patients, in all three HR patients with good prognostic factors (age ≤7 years, pre‐ITI inhibitor titre <10 BU, historical inhibitor titre <200 BU, time between inhibitor detection and ITI start <2 years), and in 24 of 33 (73%) HR patients with poor prognostic factors. The time to complete success was 0.5–4 months in good‐prognosis patients and 0.5–42 months in poor‐prognosis patients. Few adverse events were observed during ITI, and no cases of inhibitor relapse were reported with follow‐up periods of up to 12 years. On the basis of this retrospective review of a diverse range of studies and case reports, we conclude that Haemate® P/Humate‐P® for ITI in patients with inhibitors is effective and produces high rates of ITI success.
Vaccine‐Mediated Protection against Helicobacter pylori is not Associated with Increased Salivary Cytokine or Mucin Expression
Authors: Ng Garrett Z. , Chionh Yok‐Teng , Sutton Philip 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe development of an effective vaccine against Helicobacter pylori is impeded by the inability to reliably produce sterilizing immunity and our lack of knowledge regarding mechanisms of protective immunity against this pathogen. It has previously been described that salivary glands are essential for vaccine‐mediated protection against H. pylori, but the mechanism responsible for this effect has not been identified. In this study we tested the hypothesis that vaccines reduce H. pylori colonization by inducing an immune‐mediated change in salivary gland mucin secretion.Materials and methodsSublingual and submandibular salivary glands were removed from untreated mice, from mice infected with H. pylori and from mice vaccinated against H. pylori then challenged with live bacteria. Cytokine levels in these salivary glands were quantified by ELISA, and salivary mucins were quantified by real‐time PCR. Salivary antibody responses were determined by Western blot.ResultsVaccine‐mediated protection against H. pylori did not produce any evidence of a positive increase in either salivary cytokine or mucin levels. In fact, many cytokines were significantly reduced in the vaccinated/challenged mice, including IL‐17A, IL‐10, IL‐1ß, as well as the mucin Muc10. These decreases were associated with an increase in total protein content within the salivary glands of vaccinated mice which appeared to be the result of increased IgA production. While this study showed that vaccination increased salivary IgA levels, previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies do not play a critical role in protection against H. pylori that is induced by current vaccine formulations and regimes.ConclusionsThe effector mechanism of protective immunity induced by vaccination of mice did not involve immune changes within the salivary glands, nor increased production of salivary mucins.
99Tc‐ and 239Pu‐Doped Glass Leaching Experiments: Residual Alteration Rate and Radionuclide Behavior
Authors: Rolland Séverine , Tribet Magaly , Jégou Christophe , Broudic Véronique , Magnin Magali , Peuget Sylvain , Wiss Thierry , Janssen Arne , Blondel Antoine , Toulhoat Pierre 
Published: October 2013

The long‐term behavior of high‐level nuclear glass subjected to alpha/beta radiation by long‐life radionuclides must be investigated with respect to geological disposal. This study focuses on the effects of alpha and beta radiations on the chemical reactivity of R7T7 glass with pure water, mainly on the residual alteration rate regime. Glass specimens doped with 0.85 wt% 239PuO2 (α emitter) and 0.24 wt% 99TcO2 (β emitter) that simulate alpha and beta dose rate corresponding to long‐term disposal conditions are leached under static conditions in argon atmosphere at 90°C, in initially pure water and at a high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio (S/V = 20/cm). The alteration rate is monitored by the release of glass alteration tracer elements (B, Na, and Li). Radiation effects on the leached glass and its gel network are characterized by SEM and TEM analyses. Plutonium and technetium releases are also measured by radiometry, and their chemical oxidation state is assessed by measuring the pH and reduction–oxidation potential of the leachates. The results do not highlight any significant effect of alpha/beta radiation on the residual alteration of these doped glasses. These observations are consistent with solid characterizations, which show that a protective layer can be formed under such irradiation fields. Under our experimental conditions (Eh~380 mV/SHE, pH90°C = 8–8.6), very low concentrations of soluble plutonium are measured in the leachate, indicating strong plutonium retention, whereas technetium performs as a soluble element and is not retained in the altered layer.
Psychosocial impact of onychomycosis: a review
Authors: Chacon Anna , Franca Katlein , Fernandez Alexandra , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOnychomycosis (tinea unguium) is the most common nail disorder. Nonetheless, it requires lengthy, often ineffective treatments, and recurrence is frequent. Predominantly a disease of the elderly, onychomycosis is becoming more and more common. Besides interfering with normal nail function, fungal nail infections are relatively painful, unsightly in appearance, disrupt daily activities, and have a negative psychosocial connotation. Commonly reported psychosocial factors are embarrassment, low self‐esteem, and social withdrawal. Yet advances in therapy have been achieved since these reports were made, and many of these treatment options have proven to be more effective. Thus, the impact of these advances on psychosocial well‐being of patients with onychomycosis is worth analyzing. The objective of this paper is to review studies that investigated the psychosocial impact of onychomycosis on a variety of patient populations. An alternative, total patient approach that dermatologists and general practitioners alike could use to incorporate patients' psychosocial well‐being into the holistic management of onychomycosis will also be discussed.
Factors influencing quality of patient interaction at community pharmacy drive-through and walk-in counselling areas
Authors: Odukoya Olufunmilola K , Chui Michelle A , Pu Jia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objective
To examine factors influencing the amount of time and information pharmacy personnel provide to patients at drive-through and walk-in counselling areas.

Methods
On-site observational data collection in 22 community pharmacies by pharmacy students. Information included observable patient characteristics such as gender, age range, English proficiency and mobility impairment; encounter characteristics included type of prescription and whether the patient was acknowledged; and counselling characteristics included types of counselling information conveyed and length of time for each encounter.

Key findings
Patient–pharmacist encounters were documented at the drive-through and walk-in counselling areas 961 and 1098 times respectively. Pharmacists spent less time, and technicians more time, with patients at the drive-through counselling area. The amount of information provided to patients was significantly affected by whether the patient was receiving new versus refill prescriptions. Patients with a new prescription were twice as likely to receive more information from pharmacy personnel. There was a significant difference between the amount of counselling provided to patients at the drive-through and walk-in counselling area (rate ratio (RR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.00). Patients at the drive-through received a lower amount of information relative to patients using the walk-in. Amount of information provided to patients was affected by the level of pharmacy busyness (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99).

Conclusions
Providing patient care at the drive-through counselling area may negatively influence quality of patient care. To improve quality of pharmacy drive-through services, standardization of drive-through services in pharmacies may be needed.
Cardiac sarcoidosis: the Christchurch experience
Authors: Adamson P. , Melton I. , O'Donnell J. , MacDonald S. , Crozier I. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and aimsTo present an overview of the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis managed in Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis at Christchurch Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012.ResultsEighteen patients were identified with cardiac sarcoidosis. All the 12 patients that underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) had abnormal scans. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) levels were elevated in 4 of 16 patients and troponin (cTn) was elevated in 5 of 15 patients. Endomyocardial biopsies were diagnostic in two of six patients. The principal causes for presentation related to symptomatic high‐grade atrioventricular conduction block and congestive heart failure with six patients in each of these groups. In addition, three patients presented with ventricular tachycardia and the remaining three patients presented with atrial fibrillation, recurrent presyncope without proven heart block and an asymptomatic persistent elevation of cardiac troponin. Seven patients had pre‐existing, extra‐cardiac sarcoidosis and a concomitant diagnosis was made in a further eight cases. Three patients had isolated cardiac involvement at presentation. Sixteen patients received immunosuppressive therapy. Twelve patients had cardiac devices implanted; five pacemakers, five defibrillators and two resynchronising pacemaker defibrillators. During follow up for 0.1–30.8 years, median 4.8 years, two patients died.ConclusionsIn our patients CMR demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity, while biomarkers (ACE and cTn) were frequently within the normal reference range. Cardiac sarcoidodis caused major arrhythmias or heart failure in the majority of patients. Most patients were treated with immunosuppression and cardiac device therapy. Long‐term mortality was lower than previously reported.
The role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve systems on the smooth muscle of rat seminal vesicles – experimental results and speculation for physiological implication on ejaculation
Authors: Hsieh J‐T. , Kuo Y‐C. , Chang H‐C. , Liu S‐P. , Chen J‐H. , Tsai V. F. S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryEjaculation is a process involving sympathetic and parasympathetic effects during different stages – emission and ejection. Some conditions of ejaculation dysfunction are associated with autonomic nerves. However, the exact effects of autonomic nerves on ejaculation are not well defined. Autonomic agonists induce different recorded trace patterns of seminal vesicular contraction. The different traces contain different components of phasic and tonic contraction, which may have physiological implications. In this study, we examined isolated rat seminal vesicle (SV) contraction by phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine, and their respective antagonists and then speculated upon physiological roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on SV during ejaculation. We found that PE and Ach both achieved good contraction of rat SV. Compared to α1b for sympathetic and M1, M2 for parasympathetic receptors, α1a and M3 are the relatively dominant subtypes on rat SV. Adrenergic and cholinergic agonists cause different trace patterns of SV contraction. We speculated that the sympathetic effect is dominant during emission to squeeze seminal fluid out and that the parasympathetic effect is dominant during ejection to provide an anti‐reflux effect on the ejaculatory duct.
Effects of Summer Nocturnal Warming on Biomass Production of Leymus chinensis in the Songnen Grassland of China: From Bud Bank and Photosynthetic Compensation
Authors: Li Z. , Lin J. , Zhang T. , Zhang N. , Mu C. , Wang J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNocturnal warming has various effects on plant biomass production. To understand how biomass production of the dominant grassland species Leymus chinensis responds to summer nocturnal warming in the eastern temperate Eurasian steppes, we simulated summer nocturnal warming (+4 °C) using a phytotron system for 100 days operated based on the variation of diurnal temperatures over the past 12 years in the Songnen Grasslands. Our results show summer nocturnal warming significantly increased above‐ground biomass production of parent and daughter shoots as well as increased below‐ground root and rhizome biomass production; rhizome biomass increased faster than root biomass leading to an increase in the rhizome biomass to root biomass ratio. Nocturnal warming slightly increased the number of daughter shoots per plant, and significantly increased the number of buds in the below‐ground bud bank and the number and length of rhizomes per plant. Also, the dark respiratory and net photosynthetic rates, Jmax, the rate of triosephosphate utilization and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (ΦPSII and qP) were significantly higher under nocturnal warming conditions. These findings show that nocturnal warming in this ecosystem improves individual biomass accumulation due to photosynthetic compensation, and may enhance the population density and productivity of L. chinensis by increasing bud number in the below‐ground bud bank during the early stage of ecological succession for grasslands dominated by L. chinensis.
Integrative review: nurses' and physicians' experiences and attitudes towards inpatient‐witnessed resuscitation of an adult patient
Authors: Sak‐Dankosky Natalia , Andruszkiewicz Paweł , Sherwood Paula R. , Kvist Tarja 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimAn integrative review of attitudes and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding family‐witnessed resuscitation.BackgroundAllowing family members to be present during resuscitation has been a topic of debate in the last years. Increased focus on family centred care led to preparation of official statements concerning this phenomenon. While in some countries witnessed resuscitation is accepted and used, there are many places where it is not respected and remains controversial.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data sourcesDatabases: CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed.Review methodsCooper's five‐stage integrative review method has been used. Results were limited to original publications in English, published between 2007–2012, describing nurses' and doctors' experiences and attitudes on inpatient family‐witnessed resuscitation of an adult patient.ResultsFifteen articles were included. Healthcare professionals indicated different opinions on family‐witnessed resuscitation. Perceptions vary in different cultural settings. There are both positive and negative effects of this practice on the family members and the rescue team. There is a lack of local guidelines.ConclusionFurther research with larger sample sizes and different cultural settings would help identify outcomes following the family presence during resuscitation practice. Qualitative research is needed to examine the impact of those outcomes and develop policies and guidelines on cultural variability.
Low‐pressure–high‐temperature metamorphism during extension in a Jurassic magmatic arc, Central Pontides, Turkey
Authors: Okay A. I. , Sunal G. , Tüysüz O. , Sherlock S. , Keskin M. , Kylander‐Clark A. R.C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMagmatic arcs are zones of high heat flow; however, examples of metamorphic belts formed under magmatic arcs are rare. In the Pontides in northern Turkey, along the southern active margin of Eurasia, high temperature–low pressure metamorphic rocks and associated magmatic rocks are interpreted to have formed under a Jurassic continental magmatic arc, which extends for 2800 km through the Crimea and Caucasus to Iran. The metamorphism and magmatism occurred in an extensional tectonic environment as shown by the absence of a regional Jurassic contractional deformation, and the presence of Jurassic extensional volcaniclastic marine basin in the Pontides, over 2 km in thickness, where deposition was coeval with the high‐T metamorphism at depth. The heat flow was focused during the metamorphism, and unmetamorphosed Triassic sequences crop out within a few kilometres of the Jurassic metamorphic rocks. The heat for the high‐T metamorphism was brought up to crustal levels by mantle melts, relicts of which are found as ultramafic, gabbroic and dioritic enclaves in the Jurassic granitoids. The metamorphic rocks are predominantly gneiss and migmatite with the characteristic mineral assemblage quartz + K‐feldspar + plagioclase + biotite + cordierite ± sillimanite ± garnet. Mineral equilibria give peak metamorphic conditions of 4 ± 1 kbar and 720 ± 40 °C. Zircon U–Pb and biotite Ar–Ar ages show that the peak metamorphism took place during the Middle Jurassic at c. 172 Ma, and the rocks cooled to 300 °C at c. 162 Ma, when they were intruded by shallow‐level dacitic and andesitic porphyries and granitoids. The geochemistry of the Jurassic porphyries and volcanic rocks has a distinct arc signature with a crustal melt component. A crustal melt component is also suggested by cordierite and garnet in the magmatic assemblage and the abundance of inherited zircons in the porphyries.