bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper echelon compensation, performance, and the rhythm of firm internationalization
Authors: Lin Wen-Ting , Cheng Kuei-Yang 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the compensation level and the gap between the chief executive officer (CEO) and the top management team (TMT) with respect to the rhythm of firm internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach takes the form of an empirical analysis. The authors use longitudinal data (1997-2006) of a sample of 345 publicly-listed firms in Taiwan.

Findings
– The results show that higher CEO compensation will lead to regular foreign expansion. The CEO–TMT compensation gap has a curvilinear effect on the rhythm of firm internationalization.

Research limitations/implications
– These findings highlight that the compensation structure has a significant influence on a firm
'
s internationalization strategy. This research contributes to the literature linking strategic human resource management and corporate strategy in terms of firm internationalization.

Practical implications
– When firms consider regular foreign expansion, the compensation committee should design a high total compensation level and appropriate the compensation gap between the CEO and TMT members.

Originality/value
– This study sheds light on how the compensation of the upper echelons determines whether the internationalization rhythm is regular or irregular. Moreover, the study examines how internal contingencies, such as performance, moderate the relationship between the upper echelons’ compensation and the internationalization rhythm.
Revisiting business strategy under discontinuity
Authors: Ghezzi Antonio 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Business strategy and its quest for sustainable competitive advantage and success is challenged by external and internal change, which increasingly takes the form of radical discontinuity. However, emergent strategy models are rising as concepts and constructs, possibly impacting on the advancement of strategic management theory and practices: these tools are the business model (BM), the value network (VN) and resource management (RM). The purpose of this paper is to propose a revisited role for BM design, VN configuration and RM, with specific reference to strategy execution and monitoring under discontinuity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study builds its contribution on a theoretical framework (constituted by a literature review on discontinuity, BM, VN and RM), supplemented by two longitudinal case studies on companies which went through several discontinuities affecting their business strategy.

Findings
– BM, VN and RM are the strategic tools through which a company executes its planned strategy. In addition, radical variations in: BM parameters performance; VN configuration and firms relationships; RM consistency with resources core status, resulting from an external or internal discontinuity, constitute a signalling “vector” of inputs to identify the discontinuity and activate a new strategic re-planning process.

Originality/value
– By revisiting the role of BM, VN and RM, the study revives the theoretical debate on business strategy under discontinuity, and provides managers with a comprehensive model to concretely employ these three tools for strategy analysis.
Networking behaviours and managers' career success in the Malaysian public service
Authors: Mohd Rasdi Roziah , N. Garavan Thomas , Ismail Maimunah 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the relationships between networking behaviours objective and subjective career success, and the moderating role of gender on these relationships among Malaysian public sector managers.Design/methodology/approach– The study utilised a cross-sectional design and surveyed 288 randomly selected public sector managers who were employed full-time.Findings– Increasing internal visibility was the only form of networking that related to both monthly gross incomes and subjective career success. Gender did not moderate the relationships between networking behaviours and the career success measures.Research limitations/implications– The public sector and cultural contexts of the study may limit the generalisability of the findings. However, the paper did find that the measures used were appropriate and valid.Practical implications– The study highlights the importance of internal networking and the value of training managers in networking skills.Originality/value– The study contributes to the emerging literature on the career success of managers in non-Western countries.
Beyond the playing field: the role of athletic participation in early career success
Authors: Sauer Stephen , Desmond Scott , Heintzelman Martin 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to examine how participation in varsity athletics during college affects career success in the first decade after graduation. The paper predicted that student-athletes would develop greater mentoring skills and emotional intelligence, leading to higher starting salaries as they enter the professional workforce and faster rates of salary growth as their careers progress.Design/methodology/approach– Cross-sectional nationwide survey study.Findings– The paper finds that former collegiate athletes score higher on measures of mentoring and emotional intelligence and have higher salaries through the first ten years of their careers than their non-athlete counterparts. The paper also finds that there are significant interaction effects for gender, such that male athletes score higher than male non-athletes on measures of mentoring and emotional intelligence, while female athletes score the same as non-athletes on these measures. Gender also impacted salary differences, such that at the start of their careers, female student-athletes enjoyed a significant salary boost relative to male athletes and both male and female non-athletes, but saw this advantage decrease within five years and disappear altogether by the time they had worked ten years.Originality/value– This study highlights the ways in which participation in collegiate sports affects student-athletes, and how these effects differ for men and women. These findings are worthy of continued investigation and should encourage scholars to question how activities beyond the classroom might affect students' preparation for life and careers after college.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Authors: Kendall John 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– -- The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography including a brief history but with the focus on its electronic format.

Design/methodology/approach
-- A historical account of the forerunner publication is provided, followed by consideration of the content of the new electronic version in contrast to that provided in the earlier print editions. There is also consideration of the structure of the work, with a look at the “added value” features provided. Illustrative examples are used throughout.

Findings
-- The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography continues to provide comprehensive coverage of notable British figures and is easy to navigate and use in its electronic version. Most significantly, it remains an essential resource for libraries, especially in the UK.

Originality/value
-- There have been many reviews of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, but this is one of the few to have been published in recent years providing an overview with a focus on the advantages of the electronic version. For information professionals it offers a useful summary of the main features of this resource and a reminder of its continuing value as a biographical information tool.
Impact of audit quality and ownership structure on the bias and accuracy of earnings forecasts issued in IPO prospectuses
Authors: Waresul Karim A.K.M. , Ahmed Kamran , Hasan Tanweer 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of audit quality and ownership structure on the degrees of accuracy and bias in earnings forecasts issued in initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses in a frontier market, Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses both univariate and multivariate tests on the sample of 75 IPOs. The paper employs the tests to see the association between the degree of forecast bias and three corporate governance variables.

Findings
– The results reveal that the magnitude of earnings forecast bias is significantly explained by issuer, auditor reputation, proportions of capital raised from domestic as well as foreign investors, and whether the IPO firm is a start-up venture. Underwriter prestige, length of the issuing firms' operating history, leverage, whether the firm went public during a stock market boom, and forecast horizon do not appear to be statistically significant in explaining the degree of forecast bias.

Originality/value
– Although auditor reputation and the proportion of equity retained by pre-IPO owners have been investigated in several studies on IPO forecast accuracy and/or bias, no study has attributed them to corporate governance as a whole by combining auditor reputation, and ownership categories held by small private investors and foreign portfolio investors.
Development of a slide agglutination assay for detection of blastomycosis
Authors: Hatch Wayne O. , Scalarone Gene M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBlastomycosis, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitides, which is endemic to eastern regions of the USA, is commonly misdiagnosed as a viral or bacterial infection and therefore treated improperly. Over the years, many immunodiagnostic assays to aid in the diagnosis of blastomycosis have been developed; however, a reliable assay for use in local clinics still remains elusive. Procedures for a slide agglutination assay for detection of antibody in serum from rabbits immunized with B. dermatitidis were evaluated with antigenic preparations from B. dermatitidis adsorbed to polystyrene microparticles. Yeast‐phase lysates from five isolates of B. dermatitides: namely ER‐593 (Eagle River, WI, USA), ER‐598 (Eagle River, WI, USA), 48938 (India), B5896 (Mt. Iron, MN, USA), and T‐58 (TN, USA) were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivities of the lysates ranged from 29% to 83% whereas specificities ranged from 13% to 100%. Lysate ER‐593 provided the most promising results with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 100%. This study provides suggests that a simple rapid slide agglutination assay for detecting blastomycosis may be used for screening patients with suspected B. dermatitidis infection.
National patterns of functional diversity and redundancy in predatory ground beetles and bees associated with key UK arable crops
Authors: Woodcock Ben A. , Harrower Collin , Redhead John , Edwards Mike , Vanbergen Adam J. , Heard Matthew S. , Roy David B. , Pywell Richard F. 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Invertebrates supporting natural pest control and pollination ecosystem services are crucial to world‐wide crop production. Understanding national patterns in the spatial structure of natural pest control and pollination can be used to promote effective crop management and contribute to long‐term food security.

We mapped the species richness and functional diversity of ground beetles and bees to provide surrogate measures of natural pest control and pollination for Great Britain. Functional diversity represents the value and range of morphological and behavioural traits that support ecosystem services. We modelled the rate at which functional diversity collapsed in response to species extinctions to provide an index of functional redundancy.

Deficits in functional diversity for both pest control and pollination were found in areas of high arable crop production. Ground beetle functional redundancy was positively correlated with the landscape cover of semi‐natural habitats where extinctions were ordered by body size and dispersal ability. For bees, functional redundancy showed a weak positive correlation with semi‐natural habitat cover where species extinctions were ordered by feeding specialization.

Synthesis and applications. Increasingly, evidence suggests that functionally diverse assemblages of ground beetles and bees may be a key element to strategies that aim to support pollination and natural pest control in crops. If deficits in both functional diversity and redundancy in areas of high crop production are to be reversed, then targeted implementation of agri‐environment schemes that establish semi‐natural habitat may provide a policy mechanism for supporting these ecosystem services.
The concept and measurement of importance: a comment on Reeset al. 2012
Authors: Brooker Rob , Kikvidze Zaal , Kunstler Georges , Liancourt Pierre , Seifan Merav 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe importance of competition has been defined as the impact or role of competition relative to the total impact of the environment, and the intensity of competition is its absolute impact. Understanding the distinction has been proposed as key in reconciling long‐running ecological debates.An index of competition importance,Cimp, has been used in a number of recent studies. Rees, Childs & Freckleton (2012) present a strong attack on the competition indexCimp(and the associated interaction indexIimp) and question the underlying rationale for the concept of competition importance. We assess their critique and challenge it in a number of areas.Reeset al. conflate criticism of the indexCimpwith criticism of the concept of competition importance. Their approach to assessing the properties ofCimp(andIimp), including the use of target plant success in the absence of neighbours (PNC) as a measure of environmental severity, is biased towards demonstrating a simple linear relationship between severity andCimp, and supporting the argument that there is no need for separate measurements of importance.We consider the proposal by Reeset al. for the use of variance partitioning to assess importance. Although providing a measure of the relative role of competition, it is unable to assess the shape of the importance‐severity relationship, something central to testing important ecological theories such as those of Grime (1979) or Bertness & Callaway (1994). We discuss alternative approaches which might address this question.Synthesis. Responding to Reeset al. has been beneficial in clarifying points of difference between our approaches, and the need to visualize the shape of the importance–severity relationship. From this response we draw three broad conclusions. We need: (i) metrics of environmental severity that are independent of the success of target species; (ii) analytical approaches that avoid the statistical problems associated with ratios whilst enabling us to assess the shape of the severity–importance relationship; (iii) new data to assess the generality of proposed relationships. Studies incorporating these elements will take forward our understanding of the role of competition in plant communities.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the P225, N230 and H272 residues of succinate dehydrogenase subunit B from Botrytis cinerea highlights different roles in enzyme activity and inhibitor binding
Authors: Lalève Anaïs , Gamet Stéphanie , Walker Anne‐Sophie , Debieu Danièle , Toquin Valérie , Fillinger Sabine 
Published: September 2013

SummaryCarboxamide fungicides target succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Recent field monitoring studies have identified Botrytis cinerea isolates resistant to one or several SDH inhibitors (SDHIs) with amino acid substitutions in the SDH B subunit. We confirmed, by site‐directed mutagenesis of the sdhB gene, that each of the mutations identified in field strains conferred resistance to boscalid in B. cinerea, and in some cases cross‐resistance to other SDHIs (fluopyram, carboxin). Enzyme inhibition studies showed that the studied modifications (SdhB_P225T/L/F, N230I, H272Y/R/L) affected the inhibition of SDH activity by SDHIs, directly contributing to resistance. Our results confirm the importance of H272, P225 and N230 for carboxamide binding. Modifications of P225 and N230 conferred resistance to the four carboxamides tested (boscalid, fluopyram, carboxin, bixafen). Modifications of H272 had differential effects on the susceptibility of SDH to SDHIs. SdhBH272L, affected susceptibility to all SDHIs, SdhBH272R conferred resistance to all SDHIs tested except fluopyram, and SdhBH272Y conferred fluopyram hypersensitivity. Affinity‐binding studies with radiolabelled fluopyram revealed strong correlations among the affinity of SDHIs for SDH, SDH inhibition and in vivo growth inhibition in the wild type. The sdhBH272Y mutation did not affect SDH and respiration activities, whereas all the other mutations affected respiration by decreasing SDH activity.
Is Personality Associated with Health Care Use by Older Adults?
Authors: FRIEDMAN BRUCE , VEAZIE PETER J. , CHAPMAN BENJAMIN P. , MANNING WILLARD G. , DUBERSTEIN PAUL R. 
Published: September 2013

ContextThe patterns of health care utilization in the United States pose well‐established challenges for public policy. Although economic and sociological research has resulted in considerable knowledge about what influences the use of health services, the psychological literature in this area is underdeveloped. Importantly, it is not known whether personality traits are associated with older adults’ use of acute and long‐term care services.MethodsData were collected from 1,074 community‐dwelling seniors participating in a Medicare demonstration. First they completed a self‐report questionnaire measuring the “Big Five” personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. During the next two years, the participants maintained daily journals of their use of health care services. We used regression models based on the Andersen behavioral model of health care utilization to test for associations.FindingsOur hypothesis that higher Neuroticism would be associated with greater health care use was confirmed for three services—probability of any emergency department (ED) use, likelihood of any custodial nursing home use, and more skilled nursing facility (SNF) days for SNF users—but was disconfirmed for hospital days for those hospitalized. Higher Openness to Experience was associated with a greater likelihood of custodial home care use, and higher Agreeableness and lower Conscientiousness with a higher probability of custodial nursing home use. For users, lower Openness was associated with more ED visits and SNF days, and lower Conscientiousness with more ED visits. For many traits with significant associations, the predicted use was 16 to 30 percent greater for people high (low) versus low (high) in specific traits.ConclusionsPersonality traits are associated with Medicare beneficiaries’ use of many expensive health care services, findings that have implications for health services research and policy. Accordingly, person‐centered interventions, population‐based translational effectiveness programs, and other personalized approaches that leverage the profound advances in personality psychology in recent decades should be considered.
How Contexts and Issues Influence the Use of Policy‐Relevant Research Syntheses: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis
Authors: MOAT KAELAN A. , LAVIS JOHN N. , ABELSON JULIA 
Published: September 2013

ContextEvidence briefs have emerged as a promising approach to synthesizing the best available research evidence for health system policymakers and stakeholders. An evidence brief may draw on systematic reviews and many other types of policy‐relevant information, including local data and studies, to describe a problem, options for addressing it, and key implementation considerations. We conducted a systematic review to examine the ways in which context‐ and issue‐related factors influence the perceived usefulness of evidence briefs among their intended users.MethodsWe used a critical interpretive synthesis approach to review both empirical and nonempirical literature and to develop a model that explains how context and issues influence policymakers’ and stakeholders’ views of the utility of evidence briefs prepared for priority policy issues. We used a “compass” question to create a detailed search strategy and conducted electronic searches in CINAHL, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, IPSA, MEDLINE, OAIster (gray literature), ProQuest A&I Theses, ProQuest (Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, PAIS, Political Science), PsychInfo, Web of Science, and WilsonWeb (Social Science Abstracts). Finally, we used a grounded and interpretive analytic approach to synthesize the results.FindingsOf the 4,461 papers retrieved, 3,908 were excluded and 553 were assessed for “relevance,” with 137 included in the initial sample of papers to be analyzed and an additional 23 purposively sampled to fill conceptual gaps. Several themes emerged: (1) many established types of “evidence” are viewed as useful content in an evidence brief, along with several promising formatting features; (2) contextual factors, particularly the institutions, interests, and values of a given context, can influence views of evidence briefs; (3) whether an issue is polarizing and whether it is salient (or not) and familiar (or not) to actors in the policy arena can influence views of evidence briefs prepared for that issue; (4) influential factors can emerge in several ways (as context driven, issue driven, or a result of issue‐context resonance); (5) these factors work through two primary pathways, affecting either the users or the producers of briefs; and (6) these factors influence views of evidence briefs through a variety of mechanisms.ConclusionsThose persons funding and preparing evidence briefs need to consider a variety of context‐ and issue‐related factors when deciding how to make them most useful in policymaking.
Successful enrichment of the ubiquitous freshwater acI Actinobacteria
Authors: Garcia Sarahi L. , McMahon Katherine D. , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Warnecke Falk 
Published: September 2013

SummaryActinobacteria of the acI lineage are often the numerically dominant bacterial phylum in surface freshwaters, where they can account for > 50% of total bacteria. Despite their abundance, there are no described isolates. In an effort to obtain enrichment of these ubiquitous freshwater Actinobacteria, diluted freshwater samples from Lake Grosse Fuchskuhle, Germany, were incubated in 96‐well culture plates. With this method, a successful enrichment containing high abundances of a member of the lineage acI was established. Phylogenetic classification showed that the acI Actinobacteria of the enrichment belonged to the acI‐B2 tribe, which seems to prefer acidic lakes. This enrichment grows to low cell densities and thus the oligotrophic nature of acI‐B2 was confirmed.