bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on university students’ intention to choose reusable takeaway food containers: evidence from China
Authors: Li Ruijuan , Zhou Yuanchun , Wang Hua , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Reusable takeaway food containers (RTFCs) are a newly emerging green packaging choice for the takeaway industry that can effectively reduce campus solid waste but are not yet well accepted. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key factors influencing university students’ intention to choose RTFCs, seeking to enhance RTFC project management practices and contribute to developing a sustainable “green university.”

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 316 valid respondents from a Chinese university were surveyed for data collection. A multivariate ordered logistic regression model was used to conduct empirical analysis.

Findings
The results of this study underscore the crucial role of perceived value in the relationship between perceived green attributes and students’ intention to choose RTFCs. The positive impacts of perceived green attributes on intention are direct and indirect, through the lens of perceived value. When the value is substantial, it significantly boosts the student’s intention to choose RTFCs. Conversely, the perception of lower hygienic quality or higher returning time cost dampens this intention, with a more pronounced effect than perceived green attributes. Notably, perceived publicity activities have the most significant impact on student’s intention to choose RTFCs.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the understanding of promoting RTFCs, a key strategy for reducing plastic waste on campuses. The findings provide actionable recommendations for the project company and the university, offering practical ways to encourage students to use RTFCs and contribute to plastic waste reduction.
Pricing risk contribution of general Takaful by spatial generalized linear mixed models at the level of tariff cells
Authors: Hajipour Farsangi Reza , Mahdavi Ghadir , Jafari Khaledi Majid , Büyükyazıcı Murat , Ghanbarzadeh Mitra 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to price the risk contribution of general Takaful at the level of tariff cells, considering a spatial dependency framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Three different models, including a generalized linear model, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and a spatial generalized linear mixed model (SGLMM), according to the actuarial modeling of general Takaful, are used to price pure risk contribution (PRC).

Findings
The results reveal that the SGLMM yields more accurate predictions of the PRC compared to the other models, emphasizing the significance of spatial modeling in this context. Following the estimation of the PRC, the gross contribution according to the mechanism of Takaful models is calculated considering the spatial model.

Practical implications
Considering the similarities between Takaful and insurance, this study addresses the pricing of general Takaful within different Takaful models through a spatial dependency framework, such that the practical implications of the study are applicable for running Takaful's business in both Islamic and non-Islamic countries.

Originality/value
Most studies consider only the social or practical view of Takaful. This study contributes to the broader knowledge and understanding of Takaful by presenting a conceptual understanding of Takaful and then investigates the practical application of pricing risk contribution using innovative modeling of claim frequency and severity at the level of tariff cells.
How do intervals between fires influence canopy seed production and viability?
Authors: Plumanns‐Pouton Ella , Swan Matthew , Penman Trent , Kelly Luke T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Canopy storage of seed (serotiny) is an important persistence strategy in fire‐prone environments. Serotinous populations can be threatened when fire intervals are shorter than the time needed to accumulate seed, or when longer than plant lifespans.

Understanding how fire regimes influence canopy seedbanks requires study of the timing of plant maturity, seed output and germination traits. Research that spans plant functional types, such as resprouters or obligate seeders, helps to understand the mechanisms through which fire has influence.

Using field data collected at 57 sites in a Mediterranean shrubland of southeastern Australia, we modelled how time since fire and mean fire interval influenced infructescence (hereby cone) production. Additionally, seed output, viability and germination speed were assessed in the laboratory.

Reproductively mature resprouters were first observed 2 to 4 years post‐fire in the field, and reproductively mature obligate seeders 6 years post‐fire, depending on the species. Reproductively mature plants were not observed at short mean fire intervals: until 3 and 9 years for resprouters and nine and 18 years for obligate seeders, again, varying by species. When resprouter species reached maturity, we observed a decline in cone production as time since fire increased. This decline was not observed for obligate seeder species.

Fire influenced the number of viable seeds produced within cones for one resprouter species, Allocasuarina paludosa, but we did not detect a relationship for other species.

Germination speed was faster for species that produce few seeds per cone, and slower for species that produce many seeds, indicating a trade‐off between fire‐related seed traits. For example, Hakea rostrata, which holds two seeds per cone, germinated mostly within the first few weeks, while Callitris rhomboidea, which holds many seeds per cone, germinated asynchronously over 9 months.

Short intervals between fires reduce canopy seed production for the serotinous species studied. Obligate seeders were more sensitive to frequent fire than resprouters. In the context of expected increases in wildfire frequency and droughts in Mediterranean ecosystems, our findings suggest that serotinous species' reproduction and recruitment will be differentially impacted depending on a suite of functional traits.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Enhancing magnetic source edges using the tilt angle of the analytic‐signal amplitudes of the horizontal gradient
Authors: Pham Luan Thanh , Smith Richard S. , Oliveira Saulo P. , Jorge Vinicius Theobaldo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnhancing magnetic data is often complicated due to the non‐vertical orientation of the geomagnetic field and the orientation of remanent source magnetization. The complication can be reduced by reducing the data to the pole (mathematically making the geomagnetic field vertical), but this reduction process is problematic. The analytic‐signal amplitude can be used to enhance the edges of two‐dimensional sources without a reduction to the pole. However, the shape of the analytic‐signal amplitude is weakly dependent on the magnetization direction for grid data. This study presents an improved technique, namely the tilt angle of the analytic‐signal amplitudes of the horizontal gradient of the vertical integral. This quantity is also only weakly dependent on the magnetization direction and outlines the edges as well or somewhat better than other methods. It also implicitly involves second derivatives of the magnetic field, and we use synthetic data to demonstrate that noise is not amplified as much as it is when using other edge enhancement techniques that implicitly use second derivatives. A dataset of the Apiaí Terrane, Brazil, shows good lateral continuity of features compared with other edge‐enhancement methods, and subtle features like faults are easier to identify in the images generated by our new method. Upward continuation of the field, which is normally required, was not necessary to reduce the impact of noise on this field example.
Two‐dimensional controlled source electromagnetic inversion algorithm based on a space domain forward modeling approach
Authors: Chauhan Iktesh , Dehiya Rahul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe develop a two‐dimensional controlled‐source electromagnetic inversion algorithm employing a space domain forward modelling algorithm. The space domain forward modelling algorithm is devised by imposing boundary conditions on the plane perpendicular to the strike direction that passes through the source position. The boundary conditions for various source types are derived using the symmetric/antisymmetric character of the electric and magnetic fields. The benchmarking analysis reveals that roughly eight grids are sufficient for discretizing space in the strike directions for accurate forward response computations. For inverse modelling, the inexact Gauss–Newton optimization technique is utilized. Numerical inversion experiments of synthetic and real‐field data clearly demonstrate the versatility and robustness of the developed algorithm. The inversion experimentations also concur with the forward response benchmarking analysis and suggest that only a few grids (around eight) are adequate to discretize space in the strike direction. The developed algorithm is more than one order efficient compared to a wavenumber domain code.
Ungulate herbivores promote beta diversity and drive stochastic plant community assembly by selective defoliation and trampling: From a four‐year simulation experiment
Authors: Guo Tongtian , Guo Meiqi , Pang Yue , Sun Xiangyun , Ryo Masahiro , Liu Nan , Zhang Yingjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Ungulate herbivores shape grassland plant communities at multiple scales, ultimately affecting ecosystem function. However, ungulates have complex effects on grasslands, including defoliation, trampling, excreta return and their interactions. Moreover, the effects of ungulate density on grasslands are regulated by these three mechanisms. Nevertheless, how these three mechanisms affect biodiversity at multiple scales and community assembly remains poorly understood.

Here, we conducted a 4‐year novel field experiment to disentangle the effects of defoliation, trampling, and excreta return by ungulates on plant community assembly in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. This experiment set two different scenarios: moderate ungulate density (Moderate, characterised by selective defoliation and moderate trampling) and high ungulate density (Intense, characterised by non‐selective defoliation and heavy trampling), including different combinations of defoliation, trampling and excreta return in each scenario.

We found that defoliation and trampling increased stochasticity in community assembly and promoted alpha and beta diversity under both scenarios. Specifically, defoliation promoted the coexistence of species with multiple resource acquisition strategies (higher functional trait diversity) by reducing interspecific competition; trampling tended to facilitate random species colonisation. Conversely, excreta return favoured grasses, promoting deterministic assembly and impacting species coexistence. Notably, selective defoliation in the Moderate scenario led to a dominance of stochastic processes during community assembly, whereas non‐selective defoliation still did not change the dominance of deterministic processes. Further, communities subject to selective defoliation were insensitive to changes in soil properties caused by trampling and excreta return, maintaining a high‐level beta diversity and the stochastic of community assembly.

Synthesis: Our study provides important insights into the mechanisms by which ungulate herbivores influence plant community assembly, suggesting that defoliation and trampling have the potential to drive stochastic processes, while excreta return plays the opposite role. Our study also suggests that selective foraging by ungulates acts as stronger stochastic forces during community assembly compared to non‐selective defoliation. These results imply that considering ungulate feeding preferences and foraging behaviour in grassland management will help prevent biodiversity loss and biotic homogenisation.
From Estimating to Explaining and Eliminating Ethnic Disproportionality in Stop and Search
Authors: Quinton Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article revisits aspects of the current debate that surrounds the annual stop and search statistics, which has become polarised and narrowly focussed on measurement. It aims to broaden the focus of the debate and encourage more comprehensive understandings of the multiple causes of disproportionality in support of more effective policy intervention. The evidence for disproportionality is presented and an argument made for the experience of stop and search, and its effects, to be considered alongside relative stop and search rates. Traditional and alternative methods of estimating disproportionality are discussed, concluding that census‐based measures of the resident population remain the best denominator at the national level. The article closes by drawing out the explanations for disproportionality that are implied by the different estimation methods and proposing a social‐ecological model that captures micro‐ and macro‐level influences on racialised patterns of policing.
State of the Field: The History of African Political Thought
Authors: PATTENDEN HUGH 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article surveys the scholarship surrounding the history of African political thought, which is a growing interdisciplinary area of study. The study of the history of political thought has a long tradition but has tended to be Eurocentric, with limited reference to the Global South. Recent decades have seen moves to correct this, with more research being given over to African political thought, both ancient and modern. This article explores the plethora of discussions, which are happening in the field, including how the subject is defined, the impact of theories of decolonisation and the relationship between African thought and ideas from elsewhere in the world. In doing this it, also notes where there is scope for further research to be done.
Extended longevity of termite kings and queens is accompanied by extranuclear localization of telomerase in somatic organs and caste‐specific expression of its isoforms
Authors: Pangrácová Marie , Křivánek Jan , Vrchotová Markéta , Sehadová Hana , Hadravová Romana , Hanus Robert , Lukšan Ondřej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKings and queens of termites are endowed with an extraordinary longevity coupled with lifelong fecundity. We recently reported that termite kings and queens display a dramatically increased enzymatic activity and abundance of telomerase in their somatic organs when compared to short‐lived workers and soldiers. We hypothesized that this telomerase activation may represent a noncanonical pro‐longevity function, independent of its canonical role in telomere maintenance. Here, we explore this avenue and investigate whether the presumed noncanonical role of telomerase may be due to alternative splicing of the catalytic telomerase subunit TERT and whether the subcellular localization of TERT isoforms differs among organs and castes in the termiteProrhinotermes simplex. We empirically confirm the expression of four in silico predicted splice variants (psTERT1‐A,psTERT1‐B,psTERT2‐A,psTERT2‐B), defined by N‐terminal splicing implicating differential localizations, and C‐terminal splicing giving rise to full‐length and truncated isoforms. We show that the transcript proportions of thepsTERTare caste‐ and tissue‐specific and that the extranuclear full‐length isoformTERT1‐Ais relatively enriched in the soma of neotenic kings and queens compared to their gonads and to the soma of workers. We also show that extranuclear TERT protein quantities are significantly higher in the soma of kings and queens compared to workers, namely due to the cytosolic TERT. Independently, we confirm by microscopy the extranuclear TERT localization in somatic organs. We conclude that the presumed pleiotropic action of telomerase combining the canonical nuclear role in telomere maintenance with extranuclear functions is driven by complex TERT splicing.
Assessment of comprehensive PAH index in roasted Tan lamb by two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy combined with hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Chen Sichun , Wang Songlei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermally processed meat may contain harmful compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study constructed, for the first time, the comprehensive PAH index (CPI) concentration (phenanthrene [26.47%], acenaphthene [21.83%], pyrene [18.64%], fluoranthene [17.11%], fluorene [8.49%], and anthracene [7.46%]). A visible near‐infrared (Vis–NIR) hyperspectral image (HSI) system was employed to detect CPI in 150 roasted Tan lamb samples. Furthermore, two‐dimensional correlation spectra were used to identify spectral features and reveal the order of chemical bond changes under the characteristic peaks at 579–737–631–449 nm. The results indicated that competitive adaptive reweighted sampling–multiple linear regression quantitative prediction model worked the best with calibration set coefficient of determination of 0.9161, calibration set coefficient of root mean square error of 2.3426 µg/kg, R‐squared prediction of 0.8469, and root mean square error of prediction of 2.4119 µg/kg. Finally, PAH content distributions were visualized using the best prediction model. This study aimed to propose a feasible method for CPI in roasted Tan lamb detection based on Vis–NIR HSI coupled with multivariate analysis methods.
Long‐term clinical outcomes of male breast cancer patients treated with curative intent by trimodality therapy at an academic university hospital in India
Authors: Chakrabarti Deep , Ghosh Arunima , Qayoom Sumaira , Manjunath Shreyamsa , Khalid Bushra , Rajan Shiv , Akhtar Naseem , Ramakant Pooja , Verma Mranalini , Srivastava Kirti , Kumar Vijay , Gupta Rajeev , Mishra Anand Kumar , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionMale breast cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases worldwide.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all patients of invasive male breast cancer treated with curative intent by a trimodality approach via a multidisciplinary team at an academic university hospital in India between 2009 and 2023. Records were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Clinicopathological parameters, treatment details and survival were recorded and analysed.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included. The median (IQR) age was 55(44–63) years. Most patients were overall stage III (74%) and node positive (79%) with Scarff‐Bloom‐Richardson grade II (50%). Twenty‐five patients (73%) were oestrogen receptor (ER) positive. Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and perineural invasion (PNI) were present in 62% and 21% of patients, respectively. The most common chemotherapy timing was adjuvant (53%) followed by neoadjuvant (41%), and the most commonly used regimen consisted of a combination of doxorubicin‐cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane (53%). Most (85%) patients underwent a mastectomy, five patients underwent breast conservation. All patients received radiotherapy to a dose of 42.6 Gy in 16 fractions, followed by a tumour bed boost for those undergoing breast conservation. At a median follow‐up of 70 months (range 10–159 months), the five and ten‐year overall survival was 91% and 58%, and the five‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was 67%. The median DFS was 72 months. On univariate analysis, the tumour sub‐type (Luminal versus TNBC) significantly predicted DFS (P = 0.03 log‐rank).ConclusionBreast cancer in males has a high incidence of node positivity, ER positivity and LVSI. Even with advanced stages at presentation, trimodality therapy in a multidisciplinary setting offers good long‐term outcomes.
Expanding our understanding of long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England (2001–19) using two age–period–cohort approaches
Authors: Opazo Breton Magdalena , Henney Madeleine , Kersbergen Inge , Brennan Alan , Holmes John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol consumption has decreased in England in recent decades, while alcohol‐specific death rates have remained relatively stable. Age–period–cohort (APC) models offer the potential for understanding these paradoxical trends. This study aimed to use an APC model approach to measure long‐term trends in alcohol abstention and consumption in England from 2001 to 2019.Design, setting and participantsThe study used grouped and proxy‐variable APC models of repeat cross‐sectional survey data, set in England (2001–19). Participants were residents in England aged 13 years or over who took part in the Health Survey for England.MeasurementsOutcome variables were alcohol abstention and consumption in units. We created nine age groups (13–15, 16–17, 18–24, 25–34, until 65–74 and 75+, reference 45–54 years), four periods (2001–04, 2005–09, 2010–14 to 2015–19, reference 2005–09) and 18 5‐year birth cohorts (1915–19 to 2000–04, reference 1960–64). We proxied age effects (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), period effects (alcohol affordability, internet usage and household alcohol expenditure) and birth cohort effects (prevalence of smoking and prevalence of overweight).FindingsThe odds of abstaining were considerably larger at young ages, 13–15 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.50–6.43], were lowest during the first period, 2001–04 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.79–0.86) and had a U‐shaped pattern by birth cohort. For units of alcohol, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) increased until age 18–24 years (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34–1.48) and decreased afterwards, were highest during the first period, 2001–04 (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.05–1.08) and showed an inverted J‐shape by birth cohort. Our proxy variable approach revealed that using blood pressure measures, alcohol affordability and prevalence of overweight as proxies resulted in APC effects that differed from our base‐case model. However, internet usage, household expenditure on alcohol and smoking prevalence resulted in APC effects similar to our base‐case model.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between decreasing alcohol consumption and increasing alcohol‐related deaths observed in England from 2001 to 2019 may, in part, be explained by the halt in abstention trends since 2010 and a slight consumption decline since 2001.