bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building the library of RNA 3D nucleotide conformations using the clustering approach
Authors: Zok Tomasz , Antczak Maciej , Riedel Martin , Nebel David , Villmann Thomas , Lukasiak Piotr , Blazewicz Jacek , Szachniuk Marta 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An increasing number of known RNA 3D structures contributes to the recognition of various RNA families and identification of their features. These tasks are based on an analysis of RNA conformations conducted at different levels of detail. On the other hand, the knowledge of native nucleotide conformations is crucial for structure prediction and understanding of RNA folding. However, this knowledge is stored in structural databases in a rather distributed form. Therefore, only automated methods for sampling the space of RNA structures can reveal plausible conformational representatives useful for further analysis. Here, we present a machine learning-based approach to inspect the dataset of RNA three-dimensional structures and to create a library of nucleotide conformers. A median neural gas algorithm is applied to cluster nucleotide structures upon their trigonometric description. The clustering procedure is two-stage: (i) backbone- and (ii) ribose-driven. We show the resulting library that contains RNA nucleotide representatives over the entire data, and we evaluate its quality by computing normal distribution measures and average RMSD between data points as well as the prototype within each cluster.
Taxonomy and distribution of little known species of the genus Xylocarpus (Meliaceae) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Ragavan P. , Saxena Alok , Jayaraj R.S.C. , Ravichandran K. , Mohan P.M. , Saxena Mani 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A recent floristic survey revealed the occurrence of three species of Xylocarpus in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Of these, Xylocarpus granatum and X. moluccensis are true mangrove species, whereas X. rumphii is a non-mangrove species. All three Xylocarpus species were recorded from the Andaman Islands, but none of them have been recorded from the Nicobar Islands. The key distinguishing characters of X. granatum, X. moluccensis and X. rumphii are described to resolve the nomenclatural ambiguity of Xylocarpus spp. in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with 2,3-thiophenedicarbaldehyde bis(semicarbazone) (2,3BSTCH2) and bis(thiosemicarbazone) (2,3BTSTCH2): Crystal structure of {[C6H5N2S]+[ZnCl3(C6H4N2S)]−} complex
Authors: Alomar Kusaï , Allain Magali , Richomme Pascal , Bouet Gilles 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reaction of anhydrous zinc chloride with 2,3-thiophenedicarbaldehyde bis(semicarbazone) or 2,3-bis(thiosemicarbazone) leads to the formation of compound {[C
Synthesis of cardanol-based photo-active SET-LRP initiator and its application to preparation of UV-cured resin
Authors: Cheng Chuan-Jie , Zhang Xu , Bai Xiong-Xiong , Li Jin , Cao Xing-Xing , Wang Jing-Lan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA benzophenone-containing SET-LRP initiator based on renewable and abundant cardanol was synthesised in 71 % yield using the selective etherification reaction. Next, methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a monomer was polymerised under SET-LRP conditions using the newly prepared initiator to prepare cardanol-end poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The kinetic results of the polymerisation indicated that the reaction was controllable when the monomer conversion was lower than approximately 50 %, and the molecular masses of PMMA measured by GPC were higher than the theoretical values while the monomer conversion was more than 50 %. In addition, most of the carbon-carbon double bonds of the side hydrocarbon chain of the end-cardanol group in the PMMA were kept intact from
Polyphenols, radical scavenger activity, short-chain organic acids and heavy metals of several plants extracts from “Bucharest Delta”
Authors: Teodor Eugenia Dumitra , Gatea Florentina , Albu Camelia , Rădulescu Cristina Maria , Chira Ana , Radu Gabriel Lucian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSome plants collected (Mentha aquatica, Bidens tripartita and Ambrosia artemisiifolia) from an unusual habitat developed in recent years in Bucharest (the so-called “Bucharest Delta”) and the contents of polyphenolic compounds, short-chain organic acids and heavy metals, and radical scavenger activity, were determined. 12 polyphenolic compounds and 7 short-chain organic acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis; Mentha aq. extracts presented the highest levels of rosmarinic acid (1.58 mg g
Comparative ESI FT-MS and MALDI-TOF structural analyses of representative human N-linked glycans
Authors: Pakanová Zuzana , Nemčovič Marek , Bystrický Peter , Matulová Mária , Pätoprstý Vladimír , Wilson Iain B. H. , Mucha Ján 
Published: October 2015

AbstractModern glycan analysis is primarily based on mass spectrometry, where instruments based on electrospray or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization are currently the most frequently used. In the present study, electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with a high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with a time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) detector were used to analyze two N-glycan standards with intact free reducing ends (disialo biantennary and asialo triantennary) and representative PA-labeled human serum N-glycan structures isolated by hydrophilic interaction anion-exchange chromatography (HIAX), confirmed by
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel hydrophobically associating polymer based on acrylamide for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Sun Jin-Sheng , Du Wei-Chao , Pu Xiao-Lin , Zou Zhuan-Zheng , Zhu Bo-Bo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel polymerizable hydrophobic monomer 1-(4-dodecyloxy-phenyl)-propenone (DPP) was synthesized by esterification, Frise rearrangement and Williamson etherification; then, the obtained DPP was copolymerized with 2-(acrylamido)-dodecanesulfonic acid (AMC
Biomarkers of iron metabolism are independently associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes: the KORA F4 study
Authors: Huth Cornelia , Beuerle Simon , Zierer Astrid , Heier Margit , Herder Christian , Kaiser Thorsten , Koenig Wolfgang , Kronenberg Florian , Oexle Konrad , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Schwab Sigrid , Seissler Jochen , Stöckl Doris , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Thorand Barbara 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveIron has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Except for ferritin, evidence is sparse for other markers of iron metabolism that are regulated differently and might act through independent pathways. We therefore investigated the associations of serum ferritin, transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), transferrin saturation (TSAT), sTfR-to-log10ferritin (sTfR-F) index, and iron with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM/‘prediabetes’), T2DM, and four continuous glucose and insulin traits.Design and methodsData from 2893 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (Germany) was investigated through regression analysis. The results were adjusted for socio-demographic, life-style, and obesity measures as well as metabolic, inflammatory, and other iron biomarkers following a step-wise approach. Non-linearity was tested by adding a non-linear spline component to the model.ResultsFerritin and transferrin were positively associated with IGM (fourth vs first sex-specific quartile: ferritin odds ratio (OR)=2.08 (95% CI 1.43–3.04) and transferrin OR=1.89 (95% CI 1.32–2.70)), T2DM (ferritin OR=1.98 (95% CI 1.22–3.22) and transferrin OR=2.42 (95% CI 1.54–3.81)), and fasting as well as 2-h glucose. TSAT (OR=0.55 (95% CI 0.34–0.88)) and iron (OR=0.61 (95% CI 0.38–0.97)) were inversely associated with T2DM, sTfR-F-index was inversely associated with IGM (OR=0.67 (95% CI 0.48–0.95)). There was no strong evidence for non-linear relationships.ConclusionsThe observed associations of several markers of iron metabolism with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance suggest that iron stores as well as iron-related metabolic pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of IGM and T2DM. Moreover, TSAT levels are decreased in T2DM patients.
Kaufmacht und Kartellrecht
Authors: Goette Wulf 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Ausübung von Kaufmacht des Anbieters wie des Nachfragers unterliegt - wie die jüngste Judikatur des Kartellsenats des Bundesgerichtshofs deutlich gemacht hat - nach deutschem Recht auch unterhalb der Schwelle der Marktbeherrschung nicht nur theoretisch, sondern auch praktisch Restriktionen. Es geht darum zu zeigen, dass die vom Gesetzgeber getroffene Grundentscheidung zu akzeptieren ist und dass die neu gefassten Verbote auch praktisch handhabbar sind.
Gemeinschaftsunternehmen nach dem „Ost-Fleisch“ Beschluss des BGH
Authors: Bach Albrecht 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The annotated decision is a landmark case on joint ventures under German competition law. The court confirmed that rules on merger control and on the prohibition of anti-competitive behaviour are two separate sets of rules which might both apply to joint ventures. Joint ventures are therefore submitted to a two stage test under sections 1 and 36 et seq. GWB as long as they are cooperative in nature. The distinction between cooperative and concentrative joint ventures is regarded to be a "helpful tool" to limit the scope of application of section 1 GWB (prohibition of anti-competitive behaviour). For practical purposes the BGH considers section 1 GWB to be blocked by the rules on merger control if a joint venture' is concentrative. The BGH’s definition of concentrative joint ventures uses criteria similar to those applied in the Commission's 1994 notice on concentrative and cooperative joint ventures. The court rightly held that the joint ventures autonomy is not material for distinguishing cooperative and concentrative joint ventures. In the present case, the parents were actual competitors in the product and geographical markets of the joint ventures under formation. It was therefore likely that competition between the parents would be reduced. Nevertheless, the court is criticized for relying only on the cost reduction intended by the parents to deduce their interest in coordinating competitive behaviour. Possible use of the joint venture as a device for coordination was held to be sufficient to constitute an infringement of section 1 GWB.
The decision raised specific procedural questions as the court of appeal had issued separate decisions dealing with the respective application of merger control rules and the prohibition of cartels. The BGH held that a decision prohibiting the joint venture on both grounds could not form the object of separate court decisions. Actual german competition rules do not provide for both sets of rules to be applied in the same proceedings. However, under Regulation 1/2003 the Bundeskartellamt will be forced to apply Article 81 EC and German merger control rules simultaneously within the time frame for merger cases. The current reform of german competition law should provide for simultaneous application in purely national cases as well.
„Greenpeace“ und andere Beiladungsentscheidungen des OLG Dusseldorf
Authors: Becker Carsten 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Im Zusammenhang mit dem Ministererlaubnisverfahren „E.ON/Ruhrgas“ hatte das OLG Dusseldorf über eine Reihe von Beschwerden zu befinden, die sich gegen Entscheidungen des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft über Antrage auf Beiladung zum Ministererlaubnisverfahren richteten. Im Folgenden werden drei dieser Entscheidungen (betreffend die Beiladungsbegehren von Greenpeace e. V., des Zweckverbands Gasversorgung Oberschwaben und der Dynergy Europe Ltd.) herausgegriffen, weil ihnen die vergleichsweise selten gebliebene Beurteilung zugrunde liegt, dass eine Beiladung- aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Gründen - nicht ausgesprochen werden durfte oder musste. I n einer vierten Entscheidung (betreffend die ares Energie AG) war der Antragsteller zwar im Ergebnis beizuladen, doch steht auch sie für eine bestimmte Fallgruppe, in der eine Beiladung typischerweise zu versagen ist.
Management of Hospitalized Febrile Neonates Without CSF Analysis: A Study of US Pediatric Hospitals
Authors: Bhansali Priti , Wiedermann Bernhard L. , Pastor William , McMillan Jefferson , Shah Neha 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:Management of febrile neonates includes obtaining blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures with hospitalization for empiric parenteral antibiotic therapy. Outcomes and management for neonates were compared based on whether CSF was obtained.METHODS:This multicenter retrospective review of the 2002 to 2012 Pediatric Health Information System database included hospitalized infants aged ≤28 days (neonates) admitted to an inpatient ward with a diagnosis code for fever or neonatal fever. Patients admitted to an ICU or with a complex chronic condition diagnosis code were excluded. Neonates were categorized as full septic workup (FSW; charge codes for blood, urine, and CSF culture or cell count) or as partial septic workup (PSW; charge codes for blood and urine cultures only), and their data were compared.RESULTS:Of 27 480 neonates with a diagnosis code for fever, 14 774 underwent the FSW and 3254 had a PSW. Median length of stay was 2 days for both groups, with no significant difference in readmissions, disposition, or parenteral antibiotic administration. Neonates with a PSW had significantly greater odds of having charge codes for additional laboratory testing and imaging, and they were more likely to receive a diagnosis code for sepsis, meningitis, or bronchiolitis.CONCLUSIONS:Neonates with PSW had lengths of stay and readmission rates similar to those with FSW but were more likely to undergo additional laboratory testing and imaging. Future studies including information about clinical severity and test results may provide additional insight into the variation in practice for this patient population.
An Innovative Process for Synthesis of Carbon-Base Nanostructured Materials Using a Solid-State Route
Authors: Estrada-Guel I. , Okonkwo A. , Tang Z. , Guloy A. M. , Robles-Hernandez F.C. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis work shows a cost effective process to prepare carbon-carbon nanostructured composites using mechanical milling (MM) and a new manufacturing method based on rapid induction sintering. Here we use commercially and cost effective amorphous sources of carbon. The nature of the raw carbon is characterized by means of XRD and Raman, and after MM and sintering we observe a clear evolution of the phases of carbonin situinto more complex structures, including but not limited to graphene, graphitic carbon, and nanodiamond. The raw soot transformsin situinto graphitic particles after 1 hour of MM. Further milling (10 hours) induces the formation of nano-diamond particles. Milling times between 1 and 10 h are ideal to prepare intermediate phases between graphene and nanodiamond. In other words MM is capable of inducing the formation of nearly amorphous carbon soot into complex structures that are ideal for structural composite materials. The sintering process is a novel method involving a “pressureless” process and rapid induction heating. Furthermore, the carbon nanostructures that are produced during milling serve as seeds to grow larger particles that can easily reach micrometric sizes. This process achieved high densification as that proposed in commercial methods such as Spark Plasma Sintering.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of a High-Mn Austenitic Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel Microalloyed with Ti
Authors: Mercado V.H. , Mejía I. , Bedolla-Jacuinde A. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTHigh-Mn austenitic twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels are the object of intense worldwide scientific study due to the promising combination of strength and ductility of these alloys. Mechanical behavior of this family of new generation steels has been extensively studied recently. However, limited information regarding their tribological properties is available in the literature. The aim of this research work is to study the wear behavior of a high-Mn austenitic Fe–20Mn–1.5Si–1.5Al–0.4C TWIP steel microalloyed with Ti. The wear behavior was evaluated under dry sliding condition by the ‘‘pin-on-ring’’ method. For this purpose, solution-treated samples were worn for 10 km against a counterface disc made of hardened AISI M2 steel, under loads of 52, 103 and 154 N, and at speeds of 0.20, 0.60 and 0.86 m/s. The wear resistance was evaluated from the average wear rate. Wear debris and worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The Ti addition to TWIP steel slightly improved the wear resistance particularly at a speed of 0.86 m/s and at loads of 52 and 103 N. Results show that the wear resistance increases with increasing sliding speed. This is attributed to the formation of an oxide layer acting as a protective layer against wear, which suggests that the main wear mechanism for the studied TWIP steel under these conditions is oxidative.
Structure Evolution of Thermotropic Polymers by Thermal Annealing. A Light and X-Ray Scattering Study
Authors: Reyes-Mayer Adriana , Romo-Uribe Angel , Jaffe Michael 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSmall-angle light scattering (SALS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used to study the influence of heat treatment on the texture and microstructure of extruded films of high-performance thermotropic liquid crystal polymers (LCPs). The microstructure was correlated with tensile mechanical properties. LCPs based on random units of hydroxybenzoic acid (B), hydroxynaphthoic acid (N), terephthalic acid (TA) and biphenol (BP) were supplied by the former Hoechst Celanese Corp. as 50 μm thick extruded films. The LCPs, denoted B-N, COTBP and RD1000, have B and N as common co-monomers and vary the other co-monomers. Thus, this study also enabled the investigation of the influence of monomer composition on microstructure and mechanical properties. Heat treatments were carried out at temperatures close to the solid-to-nematic transition (Ts→n) for periods up to 5 h, under dry air conditions. The thermal treatment produced either two endotherms or a small increase of Ts→n (B-N and RD1000), or Ts→n increased significantly (COTBP). Moreover, when heat treatment was carried out approximately 40°C below the respective Ts→n, the mechanical Young’s modulus, E, along the extrusion axis increased for all LCPs. Strikingly, for COTBP, E increased over 100% relative to the as-extruded film. The results also showed that the optimum treatment time for improving the Young modulus was between 3 and 4 h. Wide-angle X-ray scattering showed a significant sharpening of crystalline reflections and concentration of the 002 meridional reflection as a result of thermal treatment, suggesting the elimination of defects and a better alignment of the molecular chains along the extrusion axis. This would explain the increase in tensile modulus.
Influence of Glassy Additives on the Formation of Crystalline Phases in Sintered Red Ceramic Bodies
Authors: Chávez-Villanueva A.F. , Vargas-Gutiérrez G. , López-Cuevas J. , López-Badillo C.M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe main objective of this research work was to study the influence of glassy additives on the formation of crystalline phases in sintered red ceramic bodies used for the fabrication of ceramic floor tiles, whose composition is a mixture of quartz (SiO2), kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)4], albite (NaAlSi3O8), muscovite [KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2] and calcite (CaCO3). The additives used were: fly ash, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, glass frit, Na2P3O10 and cryolite (Na3AlF6). These were added in variable proportions to the nominal composition of the red ceramic bodies, either as single or as combined additions, aiming to accelerate the densification of the materials during their sintering process. For all the additive types used, the crystalline phases formed in the samples sintered using a peak temperature ranging from 950 to 1030 °C were: quartz (SiO2), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and hematite (Fe2O3). It is known that the presence of anorthite is particularly beneficial for the mechanical properties, chemical stability and densification of the sintered red ceramic bodies. However, some of the considered additions tended to be detrimental for the formation of this phase in the studied materials, especially at the lowest peak sintering temperature employed. This was verified by means of XRD and SEM analysis.
Selective Laser Sintering of Al2O3-Al Powder Compacts
Authors: Hernández Adalberto Castro , Vlasova Marina , Márquez Aguilar Pedro A. , Kakazey Mykola 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIt was established that at selective laser sintering of Al2O3 - Al compacted mixtures oxidation of the Al particles took place due to diffusion of oxygen into the volume of the workpieces. Depending on the content of aluminum, composite ceramics of various types were formed.
CO2 Chemisorption on Li5AlO4: Effects of Sodium and Potassium Carbonate Addition
Authors: Flores-Martínez M. Teresa , Pfeiffer Heriberto 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, Na- and K-doped β-Li5AlO4 samples were synthesized, characterized and analyzed thermogravimetrically (dynamically and isothermally), under different CO2 conditions. Additionally, chemisorption/desorption cycles were performed for the best chemical compositions and thermal conditions determined. While the CO2 chemisorption of the Na- and K-doped β-Li5AlO4 samples was improved at high temperatures (450 -700 °C), the opposite effect was observed at lower temperatures as well as in the presence of water vapor.
Effect of Molecular Weight on Mesomorphic Behavior of Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Azopolymers
Authors: Daniela Flores V. , Leticia Larios L. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThree methacrylic polymers bearing (phenylene)azobenzene moieties in the side-chain were synthesized via free-radical polymerization of monomer (E)-6-(4-((3’-cyano-4’-(hexyloxy) -[1,1’- biphenyl]-4-yl) diazenyl) phenoxy) hexyl methacrylate using 1, 5 and 10 mol% of 1,1’-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ABCN) as initiator. The chemical structures of monomer and polymers were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. Analysis by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed average molecular weights (Mw) of 1.0x105, 7.3x104, and 4.5x104 g/mol for polymers P1%, P5%, and P10%, respectively. These results indicate a clear dependence of the Mw on the amount of initiator used; the higher the amount of ABCN, the lowest the molecular mass. Thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). All polymers showed a liquid-crystalline behavior over a wide range of temperatures (>100°C) displaying smectic type mesophases. A small shift (around 8°C) upwards in the clearing temperature was observed on increasing the molecular masses from P10% to P1%. The trans-cis photo-isomerization of polymers was studied in solution and in thin films by UV-Vis spectroscopy. High cis-isomer contents in solution (>90%) were reached in relative short irradiation times.