bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Aortic Wall Structure, Composition, and Stiffness With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Ambardekar Amrut V. , Hunter Kendall S. , Babu Ashok N. , Tuder Rubin M. , Dodson R. Blair , Lindenfeld JoAnn 
Published: September 2015

Background—
The effects of nonpulsatile flow on the aorta are unknown. Our aim was to examine the structure of the aorta from patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and directly measure aortic wall composition and stiffness.

Methods and Results—

Age-matched aortic wall samples were collected from consecutive patients with heart failure (HF) at the time of transplantation and compared with nonfailing donor hearts. An unbiased stereological approach was used to quantify aortic morphometry and composition, and biomechanical testing was performed to determine the stress–strain relationship of the vessel. Data were obtained from 4 patients without a left ventricular assist device (HF group: mean age, 58.3±8.0 years), 7 patients with a continuous-flow LVAD (HF+LVAD group: mean, 57.7±5.6 years), and 3 nonfailing donors (mean, 53.3±12.9 years). Compared with HF, the aortic walls from HF+LVAD had an increase in wall thickness, collagen, and smooth muscle content accompanied by a reduction in elastin and mucinous ground-substance content. Stress–strain curves from the aortas revealed increased vessel stiffness in HF+LVAD compared with HF and nonfailing. The physiological modulus of the aorta progressively stiffened from 74.3±5.5 kPa in the nonfailing to 134.4±35.0 kPa in the HF to 201.7±36.4kPa in the HF+LVAD groups (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Among continuous-flow LVAD patients without aortic valve opening, there are changes in the structure and composition of the aorta as well as an increase in aortic wall stiffness compared with age-matched HF patients and nonfailing donors. Further studies examining the role of nonpulsatile blood flow on aortic function and the potential resultant systemic sequelae are needed.
<strong>The moss genus lsopterygium (Hypnaceae) in Latin America</strong>
Authors: Ireland Robert R. 
Published: September 2015

The pleurocarpous moss genus Isopterygium (Hypnaceae) is revised for Latin America. Although as many as 92 species and varieties have been reported for the region over past years, these are currently accommodated by the present revision into only eight species. The most common taxon throughout most of Latin America, Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., is also the most polymophic and presently 45 taxa are recognized as synonyms. The other seven species are I. affusum Mitt. (Guadeloupe, Honduras, Venezuela, Brazil), I. acutifolium Irel. (Venezuela, Guyana), I. byssobolax (C. Müll.) Par. (Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina), I. jamaicense (Bartr.) Buck (Mexico, Guatemala, Jamaica), I. subbrevisetum (Hampe) Broth. (West Indies, Costa Rica to southern Brazil), I. subglobosum Herz. (Bolivia), and I. tenerifolium Mitt. (West Indies, southern Mexico to northern Argentina).
Response of Atmospheric Convection to Vertical Wind Shear: Cloud-System-Resolving Simulations with Parameterized Large-Scale Circulation. Part II: Effect of Interactive Radiation
Authors: Anber Usama , Wang Shuguang , Sobel Adam 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The authors investigate the effects of cloud–radiation interaction and vertical wind shear on convective ensembles interacting with large-scale dynamics in cloud-resolving model simulations, with the large-scale circulation parameterized using the weak temperature gradient approximation. Numerical experiments with interactive radiation are conducted with imposed surface heat fluxes constant in space and time, an idealized lower boundary condition that prevents wind–evaporation feedback. Each simulation with interactive radiation is compared to a simulation in which the radiative heating profile is held constant in the horizontal and in time and is equal to the horizontal-mean profile from the interactive-radiation simulation with the same vertical shear profile and surface fluxes. Interactive radiation is found to reduce mean precipitation in all cases. The magnitude of the reduction is nearly independent of the vertical wind shear but increases with surface fluxes. Deep shear also reduces precipitation, though by approximately the same amount with or without interactive radiation. The reductions in precipitation due to either interactive radiation or deep shear are associated with strong large-scale ascent in the upper troposphere, which more strongly exports moist static energy and is quantified by a larger normalized gross moist stability.
Does Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraceptive have a Post-Fertilization Effect? A Review of its Mechanism of Action
Authors: Peck Rebecca , Rella Walter , Tudela Julio , Aznar Justo , Mozzanega Bruno 
Published: September 2015

Background: Recent studies have identified that levonorgestrel administered orally in emergency contraception (LNG-EC) is only efficacious when taken before ovulation. However, the drug does not consistently prevent follicular rupture or impair sperm function. Objective: The present systematic review is performed to analyze and more precisely define the extent to which pre-fertilization mechanisms of action may explain the drug's efficacy in pregnancy avoidance. We also examine the available evidence to determine if pre-ovulatory drug administration may be associated with post-fertilization effects. Conclusion: The mechanism of action of LNG-EC is reviewed. The drug has no ability to alter sperm function at doses used in vivo and has limited ability to suppress ovulation. Our analysis estimates that the drug's ovulatory inhibition potential could prevent less than 15 percent of potential conceptions, thus making a pre-fertilization mechanism of action significantly less likely than previously thought. Luteal effects (such as decreased progesterone, altered glycodelin levels, and shortened luteal phase) present in the literature may suggest a pre-ovulatory induced post-fertilization drug effect. Lay Summary: Plan B is the most widely used emergency contraceptive available. It is important for patients and physicians to clearly understand the drug's mechanism of action (MOA). The drug was originally thought to work by preventing fertilization. Recent research has cast doubt on this. Our review of the research suggests that it could act in a pre-fertilization capacity, and we estimate that it could prevent ovulation in only 15 percent or less of cases. The drug has no ability to alter sperm function and limited ability to suppress ovulation. Further, data suggest that when administered pre-ovulation, it may have a post-fertilization MOA.
Revisiting early intervention in adult asthma
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Selroos Olof , O'Byrne Paul M. 
Published: September 2015

The term “early intervention” with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in asthma is used in different ways, thereby causing confusion and misinterpretation of data. We propose that the term should be reserved for start of ICS therapy in patients with a diagnosis of asthma but within a short period of time after the first symptoms, not from the date of diagnosis. Prospective clinical studies suggest a time frame of 2 years for the term “early” from the onset of symptoms to starting anti-inflammatory treatment with ICS.The current literature supports early intervention with ICS for all patients with asthma including patients with mild disease, who often have normal or near-normal lung function. This approach reduces symptoms rapidly and allows patients to achieve early asthma control. Later introduction of ICS therapy may not reduce effectiveness in terms of lung function but delays asthma control and exposes patients to unnecessary morbidity. Results of nationwide intervention programmes support the early use of ICS, as it significantly minimises the disease burden.Acute asthma exacerbations are usually preceded by progressing symptoms and lung function decline over a period of 1–2 weeks. Treatment with an increased dose of ICS together with a rapid- and long-acting inhaled β2-agonist during this phase has reduced the risk of severe exacerbations.
Dynamics of end expiratory lung volume after changing positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: Garnero Aude , Tuxen David , Corno Gaëlle , Durand-Gasselin Jacques , Hodgson Carol , Arnal Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Lung recruitment maneuvers followed by an individually titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are the key components of the open lung ventilation strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The staircase recruitment maneuver is a step-by-step increase in PEEP followed by a decremental PEEP trial. The duration of each step is usually 2 minutes without physiologic rationale.

Methods
In this prospective study, we measured the dynamic end-expiratory lung volume changes (ΔEELV) during an increase and decrease in PEEP to determine the optimal duration for each step. PEEP was progressively increased from 5 to 40 cmH2O and then decreased from 40 to 5 cmH2O in steps of 5 cmH2O every 2.5 minutes. The dynamic of ΔEELV was measured by direct spirometry as the difference between inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes over 2.5 minutes following each increase and decrease in PEEP. ΔEELV was separated between the expected increased volume, calculated as the product of the respiratory system compliance by the change in PEEP, and the additional volume.

Results
Twenty-six early onset moderate or severe ARDS patients were included. Data are expressed as median [25th-75th quartiles]. During the increase in PEEP, the expected increased volume was achieved within 2[2-2] breaths. During the decrease in PEEP, the expected decreased volume was achieved within 1 [1–1] breath, and 95 % of the additional decreased volume was achieved within 8 [2–15] breaths. Completion of volume changes in 99 % of both increase and decrease in PEEP events required 29 breaths.

Conclusions
In early ARDS, most of the ΔEELV occurs within the first minute, and change is completed within 2 minutes, following an increase or decrease in PEEP.
Renocardiac Syndromes: Physiopathology and Treatment Stratagems
Authors: Kingma J. G. , Simard D. , Rouleau J. R. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose of review: Bidirectional inter-organ interactions are essential for normal functioning of the human body; however, they may also promote adverse conditions in remote organs. This review provides a narrative summary of the epidemiology, physiopathological mechanisms and clinical management of patients with combined renal and cardiac disease (recently classified as type 3 and 4 cardiorenal syndrome). Findings are also discussed within the context of basic research in animal models with similar comorbidities. Sources of information: Pertinent published articles were identified by literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Additional data from studies in the author's laboratory were also consulted. Findings: The prevalence of renocardiac syndrome throughout the world is increasing in part due to an aging population and to other risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Pathogenesis of this disorder involves multiple bidirectional interactions between the kidneys and heart; however, participation of other organs cannot be excluded. Our own work supports the hypothesis that the uremic milieu, caused by kidney dysfunction, produces major alterations in vasoregulatory control particularly at the level of the microvasculature that results in impaired oxygen delivery and blood perfusion. Limitations: Recent clinical literature is replete with articles discussing the necessity to clearly define or characterize what constitutes cardiorenal syndrome in order to improve clinical management of affected patients. Patients are treated after onset of symptoms with limited available information regarding etiology. While understanding of mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of inter-organ crosstalk remains a challenging objective, basic research data remains limited partly because of the lack of animal models. Implications: Preservation of microvascular integrity may be the most critical factor to limit progression of multi-organ disorders including renocardiac syndrome. More fundamental studies are needed to help elucidate physiopathological mechanisms and for development of treatments to improve clinical outcomes.
Fulvestrant 500 mg Versus Anastrozole 1 mg for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer: Overall Survival Analysis From the Phase II FIRST Study
Authors: Ellis Matthew J. , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Feltl David , Dewar John A. , Jasiówka Marek , Hewson Nicola , Rukazenkov Yuri , Robertson John F.R. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose To compare overall survival (OS) for fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole as first-line endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer. Patients and Methods The Fulvestrant First-Line Study Comparing Endocrine Treatments (FIRST) was a phase II, randomized, open-label, multicenter trial. Postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive, locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer who had no previous therapy for advanced disease received either fulvestrant 500 mg (days 0, 14, 28, and every 28 days thereafter) or anastrozole 1 mg (daily). The primary end point (clinical benefit rate [72.5% and 67.0%]) and a follow-up analysis (median time to progression [23.4 months and 13.1 months]) have been reported previously for fulvestrant 500 mg and anastrozole, respectively. Subsequently, the protocol was amended to assess OS by unadjusted log-rank test after approximately 65% of patients had died. Treatment effect on OS across several subgroups was examined. Tolerability was evaluated by adverse event monitoring. Results In total, 205 patients were randomly assigned (fulvestrant 500 mg, n = 102; anastrozole, n = 103). At data cutoff, 61.8% (fulvestrant 500 mg, n = 63) and 71.8% (anastrozole, n = 74) had died. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for OS with fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole was 0.70 (0.50 to 0.98; P = .04; median OS, 54.1 months v 48.4 months). Treatment effects seemed generally consistent across the subgroups analyzed. No new safety issues were observed. Conclusion There are several limitations of this OS analysis, including that it was not planned in the original protocol but instead was added after time-to-progression results were analyzed, and that not all patients participated in additional OS follow-up. However, the present results suggest fulvestrant 500 mg extends OS versus anastrozole. This finding now awaits prospective confirmation in the larger phase III FALCON (Fulvestrant and Anastrozole Compared in Hormonal Therapy Naïve Advanced Breast Cancer) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01602380).
Vimentin is involved in regulation of mitochondrial motility and membrane potential by Rac1
Authors: Matveeva Elena A. , Venkova Larisa S. , Chernoivanenko Ivan S. , Minin Alexander A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study we show that binding of mitochondria to vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF) is regulated by GTPase Rac1. The activation of Rac1 leads to a redoubling of mitochondrial motility in murine fibroblasts. Using double-mutants Rac1(G12V, F37L) and Rac1(G12V, Y40H) that are capable to activate different effectors of Rac1, we show that mitochondrial movements are regulated through PAK1 kinase. The involvement of PAK1 kinase is also confirmed by the fact that expression of its auto inhibitory domain (PID) blocks the effect of activated Rac1 on mitochondrial motility. The observed effect of Rac1 and PAK1 kinase on mitochondria depends on phosphorylation of the Ser-55 of vimentin. Besides the effect on motility Rac1 activation also decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which is detected by ∼20% drop of the fluorescence intensity of mitochondria stained with the potential sensitive dye TMRM. One of important consequences of the discovered regulation of MMP by Rac1 and PAK1 is a spatial differentiation of mitochondria in polarized fibroblasts: at the front of the cell they are less energized (by ∼25%) than at the rear part.
Implementation of reflective practice programme for registered nurses
Authors: N. Nelumbu Lucia 
Published: September 2015

The researcher was convinced that the development of a programme is the good idea that will enhance the proper application of reflective practice in clinical settings for nurses not simply to perform daily routine activities without paying attention to reflection. The developed programme was implemented through a two-day workshop.Â Therefore, the researcher considered the workshop to be an ideal strategy for implementation, because reflection can only be facilitated and practiced through active participation. The participants were drawn from various disciplines such as: Paediatrics, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics and Internal Medicine. The facilitator explained the purpose of the workshop and the rules to be followed during the workshop. The content of the programme was presented and discussed during the specific sessions as it was scheduled. After the sessions, the participants were informed that they have to go back and apply what they learned from the workshop during their clinical practice for three months. And after three months the facilitator together with the participants contacted the evaluation of the application of the content of the programme.
Estudo comparativo da usabilidade de comandos direcionais para duas concepções de máquinas agrícolas
Authors: Veiga Ricardo Kozoroski , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz , Gontijo Leila Amaral , Masiero Fabrício Campos , Merino Giselle Schmidt Alves Díaz 
Published: September 2015

O estado de Santa Catarina apresentou um expressivo crescimento em sua frota de máquinas agrícolas nos últimos 40 anos. Pelas origens históricas, o estado experimentou uma agricultura familiar forte que se desenvolveu em pequenas propriedades. Essa reduzida dimensão das propriedades rurais impulsionou a aquisição de máquinas agrícolas de pequeno porte tais como os motocultivadores. Estima-se que em Santa Catarina existam mais de 20 mil máquinas dessa natureza. Pela concepção inicial dessa máquina seu emprego destina-se a operações com deslocamento em pé, possuindo para isso comandos dimensionados para a postura na vertical. Porém grande parcela dos motocultivadores é empregada no transporte de carga e pessoal, através da adaptação de um implemento que possibilita a condução na posição sentada. Essa modificação é incompleta, pois não possibilita a instalação de volante para manobras. Assim essa inadequação do comando aumenta a dificuldade na condução do veículo e pode potencializar o erro humano, levando ao acidente. Buscando comparar a usabilidade e o índice de erros no acionamento de comandos de motocultivadores e de tratores, no trabalho utilizou-se de dois métodos: análise pelo modelo Usa- Design (U-D© )e teste de usabilidade. Um painel posicionado à frente das duas máquinas agrícolas simulou obstáculos surgindo à direita ou esquerda do operador, em situação de subida ou descida, e foi observada a reação do mesmo ao estímulo. A amostra de 53 voluntários comprovou que para todos os grupos (níveis de experiência) o erro foi maior para o motocultivador. O trator apresentou 5,7 % de erro enquanto que no motocultivador esse valor foi de 49,1 %. O resultado encontrado pelo modelo Usa Design concordou com os encontrados no teste e apontou graves deficiências em aspectos funcionais e de segurança no motocultivador.
Crystal structure of 7-benzyloxy-5,6-dihydroxyflavone, C22H16O5
Authors: Kuo Chen-Miao , Hill Tania N. , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C22H16O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 4.8039(3) Å, b = 31.819(2) Å, c = 11.1993(7) Å, β = 107.350(3)°, V = 1634.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0458, wRref(F2) = 0.1173, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of hexahydro-3-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-2H-azepin-2- one, C13H18N2O
Authors: Fang Zheng , Feng Zhang , Guo Kai 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C13H18N2O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.933(2) Å, b = 9.941(2) Å, c = 23.754(5) Å, V = 2345.6 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0680, wRref(F2) = 0.1217, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of two dimensional polymeric poly[bis(μ3-chloro)-(μ2-2- aminopyrimidine-κ2N,N')-dicopper(I)], C8H10Cl4Cu4N6
Authors: Kang Jaeun , Ok KangMin , Do Junghwan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C8H10Cl4Cu4N6, orthorhombic, Pnma(no. 62), a = 14.054(1) Å, b = 14.501(1) Å, c = 3.7751(4) Å, V = 769.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0331, wRref(F2) = 0.0885, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(4-bromoisophthalato-κ2O:O')-[1,1'-(1,3- propanediyl)bis(benzimidazole-κ2N:N')cobalt(II)], C25H19BrCoN4O4
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Hui-Ju 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C25H19BrCoN4O4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.333(1) Å, b = 12.331(2) Å, c = 13.061(2) Å, ɑ = 62.770(2)°, β = 85.658(2)°, γ = 79.584(2)°, V = 1173.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0406, wRref(F2) = 0.1063, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of hexahydro-7-hydroxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, C11H18N2O3
Authors: Zhang Yan , Lei Xin-Xiang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C11H18N2O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.3149(5) Å, b = 9.6242(7) Å, c = 19.671(2) Å, V = 1195.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0386, wRref(F2) = 0.1061, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of bis(p-nitrobenzoato-κ1O;κ2O,O')[bis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl) amine-κ3N,N',N'']lead (II) — methanol (1:1), C31H27N7O9Pb
Authors: Chen Xuan , Liu Yan-Peng , Liu Li-Fei , Wang Chen , Nie Feng-Mei 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C31H27N7O9Pb, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.5465(3) Å, b = 10.8333(4) Å, c = 19.9801(7) Å, α = 95.476(3)°, β = 94.404(3)°, γ = 108.206(3)°, V = 1534.8 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0271, wRref(F2) = 0.0480, T = 99 K.
Crystal structure of aqua(benzene-1,2-dicarboxylato-κ2O,O')bis[2-(1Hpyrazol- 3-yl)pyridine-κ2N,N']manganese(II), C24H20MnN6O5
Authors: Cai Hua , Guo Ying , Li Jian-Gang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract C24H20MnN6O5, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.442(4) Å, b = 11.450(4) Å, c = 11.487(4) Å, α = 75.534(7)°, β = 64.803(7)°, γ = 82.086(7)°, V = 1202.5 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0598, wRref(F2) = 0.1756, T = 296 K.
Combined heterogeneous metal/organic catalysts for eco-friendly synthesis
Authors: Córdova Armando 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The interplay and synergistic cooperation between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems is of utmost importance in nature. It is also applied in chemical synthesis. Here, it can allow for new reactivity, which is not possible by the employment of a single catalyst, and promote the catalysis of multiple transformations in a one-pot sequence. This could overall lead to novel reactions and the development of sustainable chemistry. In this context, a versatile and broad synergistic strategy for the selective synthesis of valuable molecules with variable complexity and under eco-friendly conditions is disclosed. It is based on integrated heterogeneous metal/organo multiple relay catalysis, which is performed in a single reaction vessel, and allows for the assembly of complex molecules (e.g., heterocycles and carbocycles) with up to three quaternary stereocenters in a highly enantioselective fashion from simple alcohols and air/O2.