bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental benefits of parking‐integrated photovoltaics: a 222 kWp experience
Authors: Serrano‐Luján Lucía , García‐Valverde Rafael , Espinosa Nieves , García‐Cascales M. Socorro , Sánchez‐Lozano Juan M. , Urbina Antonio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe life cycle assessment of a grid‐connected, parking integrated, 222 kWp cadmium telluride photovoltaic system has been performed. The system was built at the University of Murcia and has been monitored for 2.5 years (sampling data every 5 min). The detailed material inventory, the energy embedded in the system, the energy payback time, and the energy return factor of the facility have been obtained and are 6.31 TJ equivalent primary energy, 2.06  and 12.16years, respectively. The average performance ratio is 0.8 with a slight monthly variation. Additionally, the environmental benefits of the architectural integration (in this case parking integration) have been quantified using a standard methodology for the calculation of several environmental parameters. Finally, the environmental benefits of renewable energy generation because of the savings of producing the same amount of electricity by the Spanish grid system have been assessed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and fluorescent properties of conjugated copolymers containing maleimide and fluorene units at the main chain
Authors: Nakamura Munetoshi , Yamabuki Kazuhiro , Oishi Tsutomu , Onimura Kenjiro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTYamamoto or Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerizations of 2,3‐diiodo‐N‐cyclohexylmaleimide with fluorene derivatives (2,7‐dibromo‐9,9′‐dihexylfluorene and 9,9′‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐diboronic acid) were carried out. The number‐average molecular weights (Mn) of the resulting copolymers were 2600–3500 by gel permeation chromatography analysis. The fluorescence emission of the alternating copolymer showed the emission maxima at 551 nm in THF. On the other hand, the random copolymers showed the bimodal emission peaks at 418–420 and 555–557 nm region, respectively. The fluorescence peaks of the random copolymers on the long wavelength region (555–557 nm) were attributed to the conjugated neighboring N‐cyclohexylmaleimide‐9,9′‐dihexylfluorene units in the polymer main chain. Furthermore, the copolymers exhibited the fluorescence solvatochromism by the difference of the polarity of solvents. The alternating and random copolymers showed the different fluorescence solvatochromism, and the emission colors are distinguishable by the naked eye, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4945–4956
Cognitive processing in relation to psychological distress in women with breast cancer: a theoretical approach
Authors: Rissanen Ritva , Arving Cecilia , Ahlgren Johan , Cernvall Martin , Nordin Karin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluable a cognitive procession model developed by Creamer and colleagues, this study examined the longitudinal relationship between intrusion and psychological distress, via avoidance, in women with breast cancer.MethodsParticipants included 189 patients who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer. The longitudinal association between intrusion, avoidance and psychological distress and the mediating role of avoidance between intrusion and psychological distress were examined. Intrusion was measured at inclusion (T1), avoidance at 3 months post‐inclusion (T2) and psychological distress at 12 months post‐inclusion (T3).ResultsResults suggested that avoidance at T2 did not mediate the relationship between intrusions at T1 and psychological distress at T3.ConclusionThe results did not provide support for Creamer's model in an early‐stage breast cancer population, which suggests that early‐stage breast cancer patient's process trauma differently from late‐stage cancer patients. Therefore, it might be suggested that early‐stage and late‐stage cancer patients require different types of support and treatment for the distress experienced. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia occurring in a dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficient patient
Authors: Tsuge Ikuya , Ito Komei , Ohye Tamae , Kando Naoyuki , Kondo Yasuto , Nakajima Yoichi , Inuo Chisato , Kurahashi Hiroki , Urisu Atsuo 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is an autosomal recessive type of combined immunodeficiency with elevated IgE. In this report, we describe a Japanese girl of non‐consanguineous family suffering from acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) as a presenting feature of DOCK8 deficiency. Although AEP was self‐limiting, consecutively experienced recurrent respiratory infections, severe atopic dermatitis, and vulnerability to viral infections, prompted us to evaluate the possibility of DOCK8 deficiency. Immunological assessments demonstrated decreased IgM, increased IgE, T lymphocytepenia, especially in CD4 T cells, decreased PHA blastogenesis, and decreased CD27+CD19+ memory B cells. Western blotting revealed the absence of DOCK8 protein. Investigation of genomic DNA by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) revealed a heterozygous large deletion of 77 kb spanning from intron 5 to exon 22. DOCK8 cDNA sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation at position 740 (E740X). As far as we know, this is the first Japanese case of DOCK8 deficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E52–E55. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life Prediction of NEPE Propellants
Authors: Wang Ningfei , Wan Qian , Sui Xin , Xiong Yanting 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNEPE propellants were prematurely aged at 65, 70, 75, and 80 °C, respectively. The strength limit of NEPE propellants was tested by the uniaxial tension test. Based on the aging mechanism of the micro‐phase structure and the macro‐mechanical properties of NEPE propellants, the aging process was divided into three stages: post curing stage, microstructure gradual degradation stage and accelerated chemical aging stage. Because nitrate ester is hardly to decompose at ambient temperatures, the post cure of NEPE propellants only occurs at higher temperatures. Thus, the life prediction of NEPE propellants should ignore the time of post cure. The service life of NEPE propellants at ambient temperatures should be determined by the second stage of high temperature accelerated aging. By analyzing the tensile strength of NEPE propellants aged at 65, 70, 75, and 80 °C, the service life prediction equation of NEPE propellants was established and the service life was predicted.
The spacetime of double field theory: Review, remarks, and outlook
Authors: Hohm O. , Lüst D. , Zwiebach B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe review double field theory (DFT) with emphasis on the doubled spacetime and its generalized coordinate transformations, which unify diffeomorphisms and b‐field gauge transformations. We illustrate how the composition of generalized coordinate transformations fails to associate. Moreover, in dimensional reduction, the O(d,d) T‐duality transformations of fields can be obtained as generalized diffeomorphisms. Restricted to a half‐dimensional subspace, DFT includes ‘generalized geometry’, but is more general in that local patches of the doubled space may be glued together with generalized coordinate transformations. Indeed, we show that for certain T‐fold backgrounds with non‐geometric fluxes, there are generalized coordinate transformations that induce, as gauge symmetries of DFT, the requisite O(d,d;ℤ) monodromy transformations. Finally we review recent results on the α′ extension of DFT which, reduced to the half‐dimensional subspace, yields intriguing modifications of the basic structures of generalized geometry.
Hedgehog signaling is active in human prostate cancer stroma and regulates proliferation and differentiation of adjacent epithelium
Authors: Wilkinson Sarah E. , Furic Luc , Buchanan Grant , Larsson Ola , Pedersen John , Frydenberg Mark , Risbridger Gail P. , Taylor Renea A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDContribution of stromal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is evident in the prostate gland in mice, but needs translation to human tissues if Hh therapeutics are to be used effectively. Our goal was to determine if primary human prostate fibroblasts contain cilia, and respond to prostate Hh signaling.METHODSPrimary human prostate cancer‐associated (CAFs), and adjacent non‐malignant (NPFs) fibroblasts isolated from human tissue specimens were analyzed using immunofluorescence, real‐time PCR, and available array data. Cell culture and tissue recombination were used to determine responsiveness of human fibroblasts to Hh pathway manipulation and the paracrine effects of stromal Hh signaling, respectively.RESULTSProstatic fibroblasts were capable of forming primary cilia, with the capacity for active Hh signaling as seen by Smo co‐localization to the tip of the primary cilium. Expression of genes known to represent a signature of active Hh signaling in the prostate (especially Fgf5 and Igfbp6) were increased in CAFs compared to NPFs. The level of canonical Hh genes and prostate Hh signature genes were rarely synchronous; with lower doses of Purmorphamine/BMS‐833923 regulating canonical transcription factors, and higher doses effecting prostate Hh signature genes. Grafts consisting of NPFs with constitutively active Hh signaling induced increased proliferation and dedifferentiation of adjacent non‐malignant BPH‐1 epithelial cells.CONCLUSIONSThese data show that human prostatic fibroblasts have the capacity for Hh signaling and manipulation. Increased expression of a signature of prostatic Hh genes in the prostate tumor microenvironment suggests a role in the epithelial transformations driving prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate 73:1810–1823, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sizes of interface residues account for cross‐class binding affinity patterns in Eph receptor–ephrin families
Authors: Guo Fei‐Yi , Lesk Arthur M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEph receptors comprise the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases in mammals. They bind members of a second family, the ephrins. As both Eph receptors and ephrins are membrane bound, interactions permit unusual bidirectional cell–cell signaling. Eph receptors and ephrins each form two classes, A and B, based on sequences, structures, and patterns of affinity: Class A Eph receptors bind class A ephrins, and class B Eph receptors bind class B ephrins. The only known exceptions are the receptor EphA4, which can bind ephrinB2 and ephrinB3 in addition to the ephrin‐As (Bowden et al., Structure 2009;17:1386–1397); and EphB2, which can bind ephrin‐A5 in addition to the ephrin‐Bs (Himanen et al., Nat Neurosci 2004;7:501–509). A crystal structure is available of the interacting domains of the EphA4‐ephrin B2 complex (wwPDB entry 2WO2) (Bowden et al., Structure 2009;17:1386–1397). In this complex, the ligand‐binding domain of EphA4 adopts an EphB‐like conformation. To understand why other cross‐class EphA receptor–ephrinB complexes do not form, we modeled hypothetical complexes between (1) EphA4–ephrinB1, (2) EphA4–ephrinB3, and (3) EphA2–ephrinB2. We identify particular residues in the interface region, the size variations of which cause steric clashes that prevent formation of the unobserved complexes. The sizes of the sidechains of residues at these positions correlate with the pattern of binding affinity. Proteins 2014; 82:349–353. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐efficiency green‐yellow light‐emitting diodes grown on sapphire (0001) substrates
Authors: Hashimoto Rei , Hwang Jongil , Saito Shinji , Nunoue Shinya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHigh‐efficiency green‐yellow InGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on conventional c‐plane sapphire (0001) substrates. The crystal quality of the InGaN quantum well was improved by optimizing the growth temperature and rate. Fabricated LEDs exhibited a high output power of 11.2 mW and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.5% for 560 nm green‐yellow LEDs with an injection direct current of 20 mA. The highest EQE of over 30% was achieved with an injection direct current of 3 mA at an emission wavelength of 568 nm. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three‐dimensional corrective osteotomy using a patient‐specific osteotomy guide and bone plate based on a computer simulation system: accuracy analysis in a cadaver study
Authors: Omori Shinsuke , Murase Tsuyoshi , Kataoka Toshiyuki , Kawanishi Yohei , Oura Keiichiro , Miyake Junichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of three‐dimensional (3‐D) corrective osteotomy using a patient‐specific osteotomy guide and bone plate based on computer simulation was investigated.MethodsSix fresh‐frozen cadaver upper limbs were used. A patient‐specific osteotomy guide designed to realize a preplanned osteotomy was set on the distal humerus and distal radius, and the error in the setting location was evaluated. After the osteotomy, the surgical site was fixed using a patient‐specific bone plate designed to exactly fit the anatomical shape of the postoperative bone model. The postoperative results were compared with the preoperative simulation.ResultsThe errors in the guide location on the humerus and radius were <1.5° and 1.0 mm and <1.0° and 1.0 mm, respectively. The plate fixation errors of the humerus and radius were <2.0° and 1.5 mm and <1.0° and 1.0 mm, respectively.ConclusionsThe system is sufficiently feasible to realize precise 3‐D deformity correction of a limb. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exosome Encased Spherical Nucleic Acid Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates as Potent MicroRNA Regulation Agents
Authors: Alhasan Ali H. , Patel Pinal C. , Choi Chung Hang J. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExosomes are a class of naturally occurring nanomaterials that play crucial roles in the protection and transport of endogenous macromolecules, such as microRNA and mRNA, over long distances. Intense effort is underway to exploit the use of exosomes to deliver synthetic therapeutics. Herein, transmission electron microscopy is used to show that when spherical nucleic acid (SNA) constructs are endocytosed into PC‐3 prostate cancer cells, a small fraction of them (<1%) can be naturally sorted into exosomes. The exosome‐encased SNAs are secreted into the extracellular environment from which they can be isolated and selectively re‐introduced into the cell type from which they were derived. In the context of anti‐miR21 experiments, the exosome‐encased SNAs knockdown miR‐21 target by approximately 50%. Similar knockdown of miR‐21 by free SNAs requires a ≈3000‐fold higher concentration.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Valproic Acid Downregulates Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Osteoblasts: Evidence for HDAC2 Involvement
Authors: Paino Francesca , Noce Marcella , Tirino Virginia , Naddeo Pasqualina , Desiderio Vincenzo , Pirozzi Giuseppe , Rosa Alfredo , Laino Luigi , Altucci Lucia , Papaccio Gianpaolo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells, such as dental pulp stem cells, are of great interest for cell-based tissue engineering strategies because they can differentiate into a variety of tissue-specific cells, above all, into osteoblasts. In recent years, epigenetic studies on stem cells have indicated that specific histone alterations and modifying enzymes play essential roles in cell differentiation. However, although several studies have reported that valproic acid (VPA)—a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC)—enhances osteoblast differentiation, data on osteocalcin expression—a late-stage marker of differentiation—are limited. We therefore decided to study the effect of VPA on dental pulp stem cell differentiation. A low concentration of VPA did not reduce cell viability, proliferation, or cell cycle profile. However, it was sufficient to significantly enhance matrix mineralization by increasing osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression. In contrast, osteocalcin levels were decreased, an effect induced at the transcriptional level, and were strongly correlated with inhibition of HDAC2. In fact, HDAC2 silencing with shRNA produced a similar effect to that of VPA treatment on the expression of osteoblast-related markers. We conclude that VPA does not induce terminal differentiation of osteoblasts, but stimulates the generation of less mature cells. Moreover, specific suppression of an individual HDAC by RNA interference could enhance only a single aspect of osteoblast differentiation, and thus produce selective effects. Stem Cells 2014;32:279–289
A major solar eruptive event in July 2012: Defining extreme space weather scenarios
Authors: Baker D. N. , Li X. , Pulkkinen A. , Ngwira C. M. , Mays M. L. , Galvin A. B. , Simunac K. D. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA key goal for space weather studies is to define severe and extreme conditions that might plausibly afflict human technology. On 23 July 2012, solar active region 1520 (~141°W heliographic longitude) gave rise to a powerful coronal mass ejection (CME) with an initial speed that was determined to be 2500 ± 500 km/s. The eruption was directed away from Earth toward 125°W longitude. STEREO‐A sensors detected the CME arrival only about 19 h later and made in situ measurements of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field. In this paper, we address the question of what would have happened if this powerful interplanetary event had been Earthward directed. Using a well‐proven geomagnetic storm forecast model, we find that the 23–24 July event would certainly have produced a geomagnetic storm that was comparable to the largest events of the twentieth century (Dst ~ −500 nT). Using plausible assumptions about seasonal and time‐of‐day orientation of the Earth's magnetic dipole, the most extreme modeled value of storm‐time disturbance would have been Dst = −1182 nT. This is considerably larger than estimates for the famous Carrington storm of 1859. This finding has far reaching implications because it demonstrates that extreme space weather conditions such as those during March of 1989 or September of 1859 can happen even during a modest solar activity cycle such as the one presently underway. We argue that this extreme event should immediately be employed by the space weather community to model severe space weather effects on technological systems such as the electric power grid.
Mode of opening of an oceanic pull‐apart: The 20°N Basin along the Owen Fracture Zone (NW Indian Ocean)
Authors: Rodriguez Mathieu , Chamot‐Rooke Nicolas , Fournier Marc , Huchon Philippe , Delescluse Matthias 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPull‐apart basins are common features observed at releasing bends along major strike‐slip faults. The formation and structural evolution of such basins have mostly been investigated in the continental domain and by sandbox laboratory experiments or numerical models. Here we present recently acquired multibeam bathymetry, 3.5 kHz echo sounder, and seismic profiles across the 20°N pull‐apart Basin along the India‐Arabia transform boundary, known as the Owen Fracture Zone (OFZ). Using nearby oceanic drilling (Deep Sea Drilling Project 222), we constrain the structural evolution of the basin since opening some 3 Myr ago. The 20°N Basin is large (90 km long and 35 km wide) despite limited transcurrent motion (~10 km). The first stage involved the formation of a step over along the OFZ and the subsequent isolation of a subsiding half graben. Extension and subsidence were further partitioned over three distinct subbasins separated by complex sets of transverse faults. The size of the basin was enhanced by gravity‐driven collapse. The 20°N Basin has been a catchment for Indus turbidites since its opening, which provide a good record of syn‐sedimentary deformation. The deformation related to the subsidence of the half graben mimics rollover structures commonly encountered in salt tectonics, suggesting that subsidence was accommodated by one or several décollement layers at depth. Despite a different rheological context, the subsurface structure of the nascent oceanic 20°N Basin is very similar to the more mature continental Dead Sea Basin along the Levant Fault, which also displays subbasins separated by transverse faults.
Keggin‐type Polyoxometalates [PW11O39MCl]5– with Noble Metals (M = Rh and Ir): Novel Synthetic Entries and ESI‐MS Directed Reactivity Screening
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Adonin Sergey A. , Sinkevich Pavel L. , Vicent Cristian , Mainichev Dmitry A. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new synthetic entry to iridium Keggin‐type polyoxometalate complexes from [PW11O39]7– and K3[IrCl6] under harsh conditions is reported. The complex [PW11O39IrCl]5– (15–) featuring an IrCl functionality was obtained in high yield and characterized by NMR spectroscopic and ESI‐MS techniques. The presence of Li+ (3–4 M) is essential for a quantitative yield of 15–. The reactivities of 15– and its rhodium analogue [PW11O39RhCl]5– in ligand substitution at the noble metal site were studied. Thiocyanate coordination successfully yielded (Bu4N)5[PW11O39M(SCN)] [M = Rh (2a), Ir, (3a)]. In both cases, the SCN ligands are coordinated by sulfur atoms, according to 13C NMR and IR spectroscopic data. Gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of compounds 2a and 3a were also investigated by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Reaction of [PW11O39RhCl]5– with NaN3 resulted in Cl– to OH– replacement accompanied by the liberation of the RhCl fragment, whereas 15– proved unreactive with NaN3. Attempts to coordinate NO2– are adversely affected by competing noble metal excision with formation of free [PW11O39]7–.
The Association of Education Level on Outcome after Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Paksima Nader , Pahk Brian , Romo Santiago , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2013

Background Socioeconomic factors have been found to be predictors of outcome for other ailments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of patient education level on pain and disability after distal radius fracture. Methods A series of patients with distal radius fractures ( n = 335) were enrolled into a prospective research registry. Standard demographic information was obtained from patients, including a five-value categorical education variable. After treatment with closed reduction, external fixation, or internal fixation patients were evaluated for pain, function (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score [DASH]), range of motion (ROM), and grip strength at standard intervals until 12 months post-injury. A series of linear mixed effects models were developed to evaluate the relationship between time from injury and education level with each of the outcomes measured. Results Complete demographic and 12-month follow-up data were available on 227 patients (75 %). There were neither group differences in mode of injury, severity, nor treatment modality after stratification by education level. Mixed effects model analyses revealed a significant linear association between level of education and measured outcomes at each follow-up point. Overall, each increase in education level demonstrated a doubling of improvement in pain, ROM, grip strength, and DASH score. Conclusions Outcome of distal radius fracture depends on acute care and follow-up rehabilitation; however, patient-related factors indicative of socioeconomic status are becoming increasingly relevant as predictors of outcome and should be considered by the orthopaedist.