bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
72 Impact of microbiome modulation on serum cytokine profile in a randomized, phase I trial of cabozantinib/nivolumab (cabo/nivo) with or without CBM588 in pts with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)
Authors: Li Yu Jun , Ebrahimi Hedyeh , Meza Luis , Malhotra Jasnoor , Li Xiaochen , Dizman Nazli , Dorff Tanya , Frankel Paul , Llamas-Quitiquit Marian , Hsu JoAnn , Zengin Zeynep , Alcantara Marice , Castro Daniela , Mercier Benjamin , Chawla Neal , Chehrazi-Raffle Alexander , Barragan-Carrillo Regina , Gillece John , Trent Jeffrey , Lee Peter , Parks Thomas , Takahashi Motomichi , Hayashi Atsushi , Caporaso J Gregory , Lee Keehoon , Tripathi Abhishek , Pal Sumanta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
We have previously demonstrated that the orally administered, live bacterial product CBM588 can augment clinical outcomes with cabo/nivo in pts with mRCC (Ebrahimi et al ASCO 2023). As it is postulated this effect may be mediated through changes in systemic immunity, we sought to characterize changes in serum cytokine profile induced by CBM588.

Methods
Pts with previously untreated mRCC with clear cell, papillary or sarcomatoid histology were enrolled. Key eligibility criteria included Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70% and measurable disease. Pts were randomized to receive cabo/nivo on a standard schedule alone or the same regimen with CBM588 at 80 mg bid. Pts had blood collection performed at baseline and at weeks 9, 13, 17 and 25. Samples underwent processing within 4-6 hrs of collection, and a total of 30 cytokines and growth factors were assessed using the Luminex Flexmap 3D system (Biotechne). Changes in circulating cytokine levels between baseline and week 13 (± 7 days) were examined across the treatment arms to investigate the impact of CBM588 on the immune system. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs test was used to compare the levels of cytokines at the two timepoints.

Results
A total of 30 pts were enrolled; the majority were male (67%) and had intermediate- or poor-risk disease (60%). Most pts had clear cell histology (87%); 5 pts (17%) had sarcomatoid features. As previously reported, pts receiving cabo/nivo/CBM588 had a significantly higher response rate as compared to pts receiving cabo/nivo alone (74% vs 20%; P=0.01). Across baseline and week 13, a total of 53 samples were available for assessment. In pts receiving cabo/nivo/CBM588, there was a significant change in the level of IL-12, IL-13, eotaxin, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); this was not observed in the cabo/nivo alone arm. Additional flow cytometric analyses characterizing relevant CD4- and CD8-positive subsets will be presented.

Conclusions
Taken together with our previous study evaluating nivolumab/ipilimumab with CBM588 (Dizman et al Nat Med 2022), these results suggest that the augmented clinical outcome seen with the addition of CBM588 to cabo/nivo may be related to systemic immunomodulation. Combined analyses of the cohorts across studies are planned.
Well Leg Compartment Syndrome in the Thigh and Calf Caused by a Forced Prone Position after Syncope
Authors: Zhou Zhegang , Wen Jingjing , Yu Longbiao , Qi Tiantian , Fan Zhao , Luo Dan , Yan Jing , Xiao Yingfeng , Zeng Hui , Yu Fei 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
An 80-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to swelling in the right lower limb with local blisters caused by a forced prone position for 9 hours after syncope. The patient got up in the middle of the night and fainted beside the bed due to a transient cerebral ischemia attack. The front of the right thigh and calf contacted the bed edge, presenting a forced prone position for 9 hours. The physical examination revealed swelling of the right lower limb, accompanied by local tension blisters, and the tension of the thigh and calf was increased. The patient had a history of diabetes, and no lower limb artery or vein thrombosis was found on B-ultrasound. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with well leg compartment syndrome in the right thigh and calf. When the patient was admitted, the creatine phosphokinase level was 62,300 u/L, and the creatinine level was 2.66 mg/dL. Besides, the urea level of this patient was 11 mmol/L. He developed anuria with a high creatinine level, indicating acute kidney injury. Subsequently, temporary hemodialysis was performed for treatment. The patient underwent fasciotomy of the right thigh and calf, and the vacuum-assisted closure device was adopted for wound treatment. After 2 weeks of decompression, the wound was directly sutured under tension. After renal replacement therapy, the creatine phosphokinase level of this patient was 102 u/L, and the creatinine level was 95 mol/L, which tended to be normal.
Effect of simulation-based emergency airway management education on the knowledge, skills and perceived confidence of medical interns
Authors: Basnet Samjhana , Shrestha Sailesh P. , Shrestha Roshana , Shrestha Anmol P. , Shrestha Ashish , Sahu Sandeep , Mhatre Bhavana , Silwal Prabhat 
Published: August 2024

Background:
An effective airway management education program is a crucial part of the undergraduate medical education curriculum. Theoretical instructions and practical demonstrations are the major modalities of medical education in Nepal. Simulation-based education (SBE) programs have not yet been implemented effectively. The authors aimed to determine the effects of an SBE program on the knowledge, skills, and perceived confidence of medical interns regarding emergency airway management.

Methods:
This mixed methods study comprised both quantitative and qualitative components. The study participants were 47 medical interns who had participated in the SBE program.

Results:
The mean age of the 47 participants was 24.74 years. There were 33 (70.21%) male and 14 (29.79%) female participants. The knowledge, skills, and perceived confidence scores of the participants for airway management preparation, basic airway management, endotracheal intubation, and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion improved significantly following the SBE program (P<0.001). Analysis of the participants’ feedback indicated that they largely approved of the SBE program. The majority of students and faculty expressed a willingness to include similar programs in the undergraduate medical education curriculum.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated through quantitative and qualitative metrics that SBE can enhance the knowledge, skills, and perceived confidence in performing emergency airway management among medical interns. The authors recommend measures to include and effectively implement SBE in the undergraduate medical education curriculum of Nepal.
Outcomes of medial to lateral vs. lateral to medial approaches in laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Rafaih , Ari Kaso , Probert Spencer , Cai Wenyi , Ramadan Wafaa , Walton Sarah-Jane 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Bowel cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Laparoscopic resections have become a standard treatment modality for resectable colorectal cancer. This study aimed to compare the clinical and oncological outcomes of medial to lateral (ML) vs lateral to medial (LM) approaches in laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a UK district general hospital from 2015 to 2019, including 402 patients meeting specific criteria. Demographic, clinical, operative, postoperative, and oncological data were collected. Participants were categorised into LM and ML groups. The primary outcome was 30-day complications, and secondary outcomes included operative duration, length of stay, lymph node harvest, and 3-year survival.

Results:
A total of 402 patients (55.7% males) were included: 102 (51.6% females) in the lateral mobilisation (LM) group and 280 (58.9% males) in the medial mobilisation (ML) group. Right hemicolectomy (n=157, 39.1%) and anterior resection (n=150, 37.3%) were the most performed procedures. The LM group had a shorter operative time for right hemicolectomy (median 165 vs. 225 min, P<0.001) and anterior resection (median 230 vs. 300 min, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of wound infection (P=0.443), anastomotic leak (P=0.981), postoperative ileus (P=0.596), length of stay (P=0.446), lymph node yield (P=0.848) or 3-year overall survival rate (Log-rank 0.759).

Discussion:
The study contributes to the limited evidence on ML vs LM approaches. A shorter operative time in the LM group was noted in this study, contrary to some literature. Postoperative outcomes were comparable, with a non-significant increase in postoperative ileus in the LM group. The study emphasises the safety and feasibility of both approaches.
A Case of Metastatic Pulmonary Calcification Detected on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan and 99mTc-FAPI Scan
Authors: Sahafi Pegah , Sabertanha Amin , Ataei Azimi Sajad , Aryana Kamran , Aghaee Atena 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 59-year-old woman with recent history of weakness, loss of appetite, and significant weight loss was referred for malignancy workup. On the first day, the patient underwent a 99mTc-MDP scan, which revealed diffuse pulmonary uptake in both lungs. Two days later, 99mTc-FAPI scan was performed and showed diffuse pulmonary uptake in the planar and SPECT/CT images. The study present an interesting case demonstrating FAPI-ligand uptake in metastatic pulmonary calcification.
The Early Perfusion Image Is Useful to Support the Visual Interpretation of Brain Amyloid-PET With 18F-Flutemetamol in Borderline Cases
Authors: Mathies Franziska L. , Heeman Fiona , Visser Pieter Jelle , den Braber Anouk , Yaqub Maqsood , Klutmann Susanne , Schöll Michael , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Collij Lyduine E. , Buchert Ralph 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Visual interpretation of brain amyloid-β (Aβ) PET can be difficult in individuals with borderline Aβ burden. Coregistration with individual MRI is recommended in these cases, which, however, is not always available. This study evaluated coregistration with the early perfusion frames acquired immediately after tracer injection to support the visual interpretation of the late Aβ-frames in PET with 18F-flutemetamol (FMM).

Patients and Methods
Fifty dual-time-window FMM-PET scans of cognitively normal subjects with 0 to 60 Centiloids were included retrospectively (70.1 ± 6.9 years, 56% female, MMSE score 28.9 ± 1.3, 42% APOE ɛ4 carrier). Regional Aβ load was scored with respect to a 6-point Likert scale by 3 independent raters in the 10 regions of interest recommended for FMM reading using 3 different settings: Aβ image only, Aβ image coregistered with MRI, and Aβ image coregistered with the perfusion image. The impact of setting, within- and between-readers variability, region of interest, and Aβ-status was tested by repeated-measure analysis of variance of the Likert score.

Results
The Centiloid scale ranged between 2 and 52 (interquartile range, 7–19). Support of visual scoring by the perfusion image resulted in the best discrimination between Aβ-positive and Aβ-negative cases, mainly by improved certainty of excluding Aβ plaques in Aβ-negative cases (P = 0.030). It also resulted in significantly higher between-rater agreement. The setting effect was most pronounced in the frontal lobe and in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus area (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
The early perfusion image is a suitable alternative to T1-weighted MRI to support the visual interpretation of the late Aβ image in FMM-PET.
Prognostic Factors and Incidence for Postictal Agitation After Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Ertman Melissa , van der Valk Bouman Emy S. , Clephas Pascal R.D. , Birkenhager Tom K. , Klimek Markus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Postictal agitation (PIA) is an adverse effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and is known to predict other side effects of ECT, but inconsistencies in the literature remain regarding PIA prognostic factors and incidence. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted (1) to identify prognostic factors for PIA following ECT and (2) to elucidate the diverse incidences of PIA following ECT based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Specifically, electronic databases were searched for retrospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that objectively reported PIA incidence. Additional inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving patients 18 years or older and allowed for the extraction of PIA prognostic factors. This resulted in the inclusion of 21 articles with 66,047 patients in total. A total of 35 prognostic factors were identified for PIA after ECT, consisting of 8 anesthesia-related, 19 patient-related, and 8 ECT-related prognostic factors. A meta-analysis was conducted for 7 prognostic factors. None of the prognostic factors demonstrated a significant effect on reducing or increasing PIA incidence. Mean PIA was 13.9% (18.0% adjusted) at the patient level and 12.4% (16.5% adjusted) at the session level. Overall risk of bias was generally moderate to low, except in the outcome measurement domain, where 43% of the studies had a high risk of bias. Although none of the prognostic factors in meta-analysis were significant, several other prognostic factors consistently indicated increased or decreased risk, providing direction for future research. A scarcity of (high-quality) data emphasizes the need for additional research on this topic to be conducted.
Lack of weight gain and increased mortality during and after treatment among adults with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Georgia, 2009-2020
Authors: Chakhaia Tsira , Blumberg Henry M , Kempker Russell R , Luo Ruiyan , Dzidzikashvili Nino , Chincharauli Mamuka , Tukvadze Nestan , Avaliani Zaza , Stauber Christine , Magee Matthew J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile low body mass index (BMI) is associated with poor tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, the impact of weight gain during TB treatment is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed if lack of weight gain is associated with all-cause mortality during and after TB treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among adults with newly diagnosed multi- or extensively drug-resistant (M/XDR) pulmonary TB in Georgia between 2009-2020. The exposure was a change in BMI during the first 3-6 months of TB treatment. All-cause mortality during and after TB treatment was assessed using the National Death Registry. We used competing-risk Cox proportional hazard models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) between BMI change and all-cause mortality.ResultsAmong 720 adult participants, 21% had low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) at treatment initiation and 9% died either during (n=16) or after treatment (n=50). During the first 3-6 months of TB treatment, 17% lost weight and 14% had no weight change. Among 479 adults with normal baseline BMI ( ≥18.5–24.9 kg/m2), weight loss was associated with an increased risk of death during TB treatment (aHR=5.25; 95%CI: 1.31-21.10). Among 149 adults with a low baseline BMI, no change in BMI was associated with increased post-TB treatment mortality (aHR=4.99; 95%CI: 1.25-19.94).ConclusionsWeight loss during TB treatment (among those with normal baseline BMI) or no weight gain (among those with low baseline BMI) was associated with increased rates of all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that scaling up weight management interventions among those with M/XDR TB may be beneficial.SummaryAmong a cohort of persons with drug resistant tuberculosis (TB), failure to gain weight during TB treatment was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality during and after completion of treatment.
National genomic profiling ofPlasmodium falciparumantimalarial resistance in Zambian children participating in the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Fola Abebe A. , Ciubotariu Ilinca I. , Dorman Jack , Mwenda Mulenga C. , Mambwe Brenda , Mulube Conceptor , Kasaro Rachael , Hawela Moonga B. , Hamainza Busiku , Miller John M. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Moss William J. , Bridges Daniel J. , Carpi Giovanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe emergence of antimalarial drug resistance is a major threat to malaria control and elimination. Using whole genome sequencing of 282P. falciparumsamples collected during the 2018 Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey, we determined the prevalence and spatial distribution of known and candidate antimalarial drug resistance mutations. High levels of genotypic resistance were found across Zambia to pyrimethamine, with over 94% (n=266) of samples having thePfdhfrtriple mutant (N51I, C59R, and S108N), and sulfadoxine, with over 84% (n=238) having thePfdhpsdouble mutant (A437Gand K540E). In northern Zambia, 5.3% (n=15) of samples also harbored thePfdhpsA581Gmutation. Although 29 mutations were identified inPfkelch13, these mutations were present at low frequency (<2.5%), and only three were WHO-validated artemisinin partial resistance mutations: P441L(n=1, 0.35%), V568M(n=2, 0.7%) and R622T(n=1, 0.35%). Notably, 91 (32%) of samples carried the E431Kmutation in thePfatpase6gene, which is associated with artemisinin resistance. No specimens carried any known mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in thePfcrtgene (codons 72-76).P. falciparumstrains circulating in Zambia were highly resistant to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine but remained susceptible to chloroquine and artemisinin. Despite this encouraging finding, early genetic signs of developing artemisinin resistance highlight the urgent need for continued vigilance and expanded routine genomic surveillance to monitor these changes.
U-rich elements drive pervasive cryptic splicing in 3’ UTR massively parallel reporter assays
Authors: Dao Khoa , Jungers Courtney F. , Djuranovic Sergej , Mustoe Anthony M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTNon-coding RNA sequences play essential roles in orchestrating gene expression. However, the sequence codes and mechanisms underpinning post-transcriptional regulation remain incompletely understood. Here, we revisit the finding from a prior massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) that AU-rich (U-rich) elements in 3’ untranslated regions (3’ UTRs) can drive upregulation or downregulation of mRNA expression depending on 3’ UTR context. We unexpectedly discover that this variable regulation arises from widespread cryptic splicing, predominately from an unannotated splice donor in the coding sequence of GFP to diverse acceptor sites in reporter 3’ UTRs. Splicing is activated by U-rich sequences, which function as potent position-dependent regulators of 5’ and 3’ splice site choice and overall splicing efficiency. Splicing has diverse impacts on reporter expression, causing both increases and decreases in reporter expression via multiple mechanisms. We further provide evidence that cryptic splicing impacts between 10 to 50% of measurements made by other published 3’ UTR MPRAs. Overall, our work emphasizes U-rich sequences as principal drivers of splicing and provides strategies to minimize cryptic splicing artifacts in reporter assays.
Sex-specific effects of early-life adversity on adult fitness in a wild mammal
Authors: Drake Elizabeth D. , Ravindran Sanjana , Bal Xavier , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Nussey Daniel H. , Froy Hannah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEarly-life adversity influences adult fitness across a range of vertebrates. In polygynous systems with intense intrasexual competition, males may be more sensitive to conditions experienced during growth and development. However, the relative importance of different aspects of the early environment and how their effects differ between the sexes remain poorly understood. Here, we used a long-term study of wild Soay sheep to characterise the early-life environment in terms of weather, infection, resource competition and maternal investment, and test the hypothesis that males are more vulnerable to early adversity than females. Birth weight positively predicted lifetime breeding success in both sexes, suggesting a classic ‘silver spoon’ effect, though the effects were stronger in males. Males experiencing high population densities in their first year had lower lifetime breeding success suggesting lasting negative consequences of nutritional stress, but there was no association in females. In contrast, challenging weather in the first winter of life appeared to act as a selective ‘filter’, with males surviving these harsh conditions having higher adult fitness. Our findings further evidence the important long-term fitness consequences of early-life adversity in wild vertebrates, highlighting that different aspects of the early environment may shape later fitness in different and sex-specific ways.
Ad generation modalities and response to in-app advertising – an experimental study
Authors: Kamath Charunayan , Alur Sivakumar 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The widespread use of mobile apps in marketing has resulted in in-app advertising to promote products and services. Research on in-app advertising has focused on several dimensions but not on the modality of ad generation. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and memes as advertisements has paved the way for multiple ways to create them. This study aims to understand the effect of various advertisement generation modalities on an individual’s trust, attitude toward the advertisement, subjective norms, intentions and use of a particular product.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the theoretical lens of reasoned action and trust, the authors explored through an experimental study (five treatments-AI-generated ad and meme, human-created ad and meme and user-generated meme, and (n = 300) the consumer’s intention to purchase a fictitious shampoo brand based on in-app advertising. The respondents were exposed to one of the treatments without knowledge of the ad generation modality.

Findings
Trust differed significantly across all the experimental conditions. Furthermore, the authors observe that the theory of reasoned action holds for all advertising generation modalities.

Originality/value
The use of AI in advertising is increasing exponentially, and brands are using AI-generated content to engage with their audiences on various platforms. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to attempt to understand the effects of various ad generation modalities on the trust, attitude and behavior of individuals. Furthermore, this study examines both AI and human-created memes and their effects. The authors suggest optimizing the prompt engineering to develop AI-generated images.