bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's exposure to intimate partner violence and child malnutrition: findings from demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh
Authors: Ziaei Shirin , Naved Ruchira Tabassum , Ekström Eva‐Charlotte 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDomestic violence, in particular intimate partner violence (IPV), has been recognized as a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women of reproductive age. The effects of IPV against women on their children's health, especially their nutritional status has received less attention but needs to be evaluated to understand the comprehensive public health implications of IPV. The aim of current study was to investigate the association between women's exposure to IPV and their children's nutritional status, using data from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Logistic regression models were used to estimate association between ever‐married women's lifetime exposure to physical and sexual violence by their spouses and nutritional status of their children under 5 years. Of 2042 women in the BDHS survey with at least one child under 5 years of age, 49.4% reported lifetime experience of physical partner violence while 18.4% reported experience of sexual partner violence. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in their children under 5 years was 44.3%, 18.4% and 42.0%, respectively. Women were more likely to have a stunted child if they had lifetime experience of physical IPV [odds ratio n = 2027 (OR)adj, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–1.79] or had been exposed to sexual IPV (n = 2027 ORadj, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.61). The present findings contribute to growing body of evidence showing that IPV can also compromise children's growth, supporting the need to incorporate efforts to address IPV in child health and nutrition programmes and policies.
The potential for decentralized reclamation and reuse of household greywater in peri‐urban areas of Bangkok
Authors: Jiawkok Supattra , Ittisupornrat Suda , Charudacha Chittima , Nakajima Jun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA survey was conducted of 400 households in the peri‐urban area of Bangkok to investigate typical household water consumption, daily water use activities, public perception towards wastewater reuse and detergent consumption. Four categories of greywater, including cooking, dish washing, bathing and laundry washing wastewater, their properties and potential application for reuse were examined. Average water consumption was estimated to be 208 L/person/day. The wastewater was already reused in 42% of households, and that laundry wastewater was widely used for plant watering and floor washing. More than 80% of households accepted the use of treated greywater, while 50% of households did not accept the use of treated blackwater. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid (SS) were high in cooking, dish washing and laundry, and lower in bathing wastewater, while anionic surfactant were high in laundry and dish washing wastewater. The finding results clearly demonstrate the possibility of greywater reclamation and reuse in the area.
Effect of Different Drying Methods and Storage Time on the Retention of Bioactive Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of Wine Grape Pomace (Pinot Noir and Merlot)
Authors: Tseng Angela , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  The effects of different drying methods (40 °C conventional and vacuum oven, 25 °C ambient air and freeze dry) on the stability of two red wine grape (Pinot Noir, PN and Merlot, M) byproducts, pomace containing skins and seeds (P) and pomace containing skins only (S) were investigated. Freeze dried samples retained the highest bioactive compounds with total phenolic content (TPC) of 21.19–67.74 mg GAE/g d.m., anthocyanin content (ACY) of 0.35–0.76 mg Mal‐3‐glu/g d.m., DPPH antiradical scavenge activity (ARS) of 22.01–37.46 mg AAE/g d.m., and total flavanol content (TFC) of 30.16–106.61 mg CE/g d.m., followed with ambient air dried samples. All samples lost significant amount of bioactive compounds during 16 wk of storage at 15 ± 2 °C, in which ambient air and freeze dried samples had TPC reduction of 32–56% and 35–58%, respectively, but ARS in PN‐P and M‐P still remained more than 50 mg TE/g d.m. Overall, TPC, ARS, and TFC were higher in PN than in M, and higher in pomace than in skins, while reverse results were observed in ACY. Pomace extracts showed higher antibacterial efficiency against Listeria innocua ATCC 51142 than Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 3%, 6%, 4%, and 9% against E. coli, and 2%, 7%, 3%, and 8% against L. innocua for PN‐P, PN‐S, M‐P, and M‐S samples, respectively. Dietary fiber content of samples was 57–63% of total dry matter. This study demonstrated that Pinot Noir and Merlot pomace are good sources of antioxidant dietary fibers and may be incorporated into various food products as a functional ingredient.Practical Application:  Wine grape pomace (WGP), the byproduct of wine making, is a good source of polyphenols and dietary fibers and may be incorporated into various food products as a functional ingredient. This study reported the effect of four drying methods and storage at 15 ± 2 °C up to 4 months on the retention of polyphenols and antioxidant activity in two types of red WGP (with and without seeds). Antibacterial activity, dietary fiber content and the basic physicochemical properties of dried pomace powder were also reported. The information is essential for developing specific applications of the pomace.
Family‐Centered Practice in Florida: Family Court Actions and Perceptions
Authors: Falconer Mary Kay , Lederman Judge Cindy S. , Pecora Peter J. , Thompson Christine K. , DiLorenzo Paul 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTFamily and dependency courts can become valuable partners in efforts to stem the tide of child maltreatment using a family‐centered strategy. Florida's response to a 2008 federal Child and Family Services Review included a commitment to implement family‐centered practice in child protection services and the courts that hear these cases. Evidence of this implementation was documented in a formative evaluation conducted in 2010 and 2011. Findings based on interviews with dependency judges, Children's Legal Services attorneys, and Guardian ad Litem volunteers provide useful insights on how these practices were perceived and implemented.
Intravenous iron in digestive diseases
Authors: GOMOLLÓN FERNANDO , GISBERT JAVIER P. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYFrom a global perspective, poor nutrition is the most important cause of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. However, in developed countries gastrointestinal diseases are the most probable causes that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis. Blood losses through mucosal ulceration, malabsorption, chronic inflammation, neoplasia, difficulties in intake of food, or a combination of these mechanisms can be found in various gastrointestinal diseases. Several iron compounds suitable for oral use are available, the most simple and most commonly used being iron salts such as iron sulfate or iron fumarate. However, oral iron is not always the best option. Intravenous (IV) iron has been shown to be effective in several observational and controlled studies. In cancer patients, oral iron has been shown to be effective in some studies, but IV iron has several advantages in this particular scenario: it is well tolerated, even in frail patients, and is quick to obtain a response, something rather convenient if prompt surgery is needed. IV iron is also widely used in chronic gastrointestinal blood loss caused by vascular malformations, a rather common scenario in patients on anticoagulant treatment. It is also relatively common in clinical gastroenterological practice to find anemia and iron deficiency in patients treated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents and/or antiplatelet drugs. IV iron is a useful and effective tool to treat iron deficiency in digestive diseases. Although we need more and larger trials to further define indications, protocols and follow‐up rules in different pathologies, the available guidelines for the management of iron deficiency and anemia inflammatory bowel disease patients are good practical guides.
Case of emphysematous cholecystitis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with schizophrenia
Authors: Ogawa Ayu , Shikata Kenichi , Uchida Haruhito Adam , Shinoura Susumu , Yokomichi Naosuke , Ogawa Daisuke , Sato‐Horiguchi Chicage , Yagi Takahito , Wada Jun , Makino Hirofumi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEmphysematous cholecystitis is a rare, but life‐threatening, form of acute cholecystitis caused by gas‐forming organisms in the gallbladder. A 73‐year‐old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with neuropathy associated with schizophrenia was admitted to Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan, because of a high fever and general malaise. On the fourth hospital day, despite normal liver function tests and little abdominal pain, his abdominal computed tomography showed huge gas formation in the gallbladder lumen along with a dilated gallbladder with a thickened wall, consistent with emphysematous cholecystitis. The patient underwent an emergency open cholecystectomy. Few abdominal symptoms appeared because of the hyposensitivity to pain caused by not only diabetic neuropathy, but also antipsychotic agents the patient was taking for schizophrenia. Emphysematous cholecystitis should be taken into consideration for the differential diagnosis of high fever in diabetic patients with schizophrenia, irrespective of the level of liver function tests and clinical symptoms.
The relationship between childhood weight, dental caries and eating practices in children aged 4–8 years in Australia, 2004–2008
Authors: Hooley M. , Skouteris H. , Millar L. 
Published: August 2012

Summary
What is already known about this subject?
Childhood obesity is a significant problem in Western and now also in developing countries.
Early development of dental caries in childhood is also a growing problem.
Significant interest in the relationship between dental caries and childhood obesity in recent years but the nature of the relationship has been contentious.

What this study adds?
This was the first study to investigate the nature of the relationship between dental caries and BMI in a large representative sample of Australian children.
The findings of this study contribute to the literature by suggesting that dietary interventions designed to reduce the incidence of dental caries may also reduce overweight and obesity in children.
Researchers and policy makers should consider the possibility that interventions designed to reduce children's consumption of fatty foods might inadvertently encourage the increased consumption of sweet foods, particularly in children who have curbed their fat intake.
ObjectivesThe association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in children is contentious with studies variously reporting positive or negative associations between the two conditions. Since 1995, Australia has experienced a rise in the prevalence of both conditions in its children. This study investigated the association between child weight, diet and dental problems in a nationally representative sample.MethodData from 4149 children (51.5% male) participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were used. The LSAC is a longitudinal study collecting data from a large representative cohort of Australian children; data from the first three waves were included with children aged 4–5 years, 6–7 years, and 8–9 years. Multivariate cross‐sectional and prospective analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between child weight, diet and dental problems.ResultsOverweight/obesity was associated with sweet drink consumption and dental problems associated with consumption of fatty foods and sweet drinks. Underweight was associated with dental problems cross‐sectionally, but both underweight and overweight at age 6–7 years predicted dental problems at age 8–9 years.ConclusionsDental caries and body weight are influenced by diet. Overweight children may be consuming less fatty food but appear to be consuming more sweet drinks than normal‐weight children, which can lead to both increased weight and dental caries. Dietary interventions designed to reduce the development of dental caries may also reduce the development and maintenance of overweight.
Hispanic and black US children's paths to high adolescent obesity prevalence
Authors: Rendall M. S. , Weden M. M. , Fernandes M. , Vaynman I. 
Published: August 2012

Summary
What is already known about this subject
The prevalence of child obesity in the U.S. is higher among Hispanic and black than white children.
Racial/ethnic disparities have widened with the development of the child‐obesity epidemic.
Obese minority children are at greater risk of being obese also as adults.

What this study adds
By 8th grade, Hispanic and black children are both 50% more likely to be obese than are non‐Hispanic white children.
High obesity emerges more strongly by Kindergarten age among Hispanic children than among black children.
Overweight and obese Hispanic and black children are less likely to return to normal weight levels than are overweight and obese white children.
ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the ages contributing most to the development of higher obesity prevalence in the 8th grade (approximately age 14) among Hispanic and black children than among non‐Hispanic white children in the United States.MethodsUsing the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS‐K), a sample of 17 420 children in kindergarten in 1999, followed in 1st, 3rd, 5th and 8th grades through 2007, was analysed. First, ‘normal’, ‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ weight‐status categories in each grade were assigned from US Centers for Disease Control body mass index percentiles. Second, probabilities of being in each of the three weight‐status categories in kindergarten and of transitioning between categories after kindergarten were estimated by logistic regression. These probabilities were then used as parameters of a weight‐status trajectory simulation model from which a decomposition analysis was performed.ResultsObesity prevalence in the 8th grade was equally high among Hispanic (25.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.3, 27.8%) and black children (25.1%; 95% CI: 20.9, 29.6%) compared to white children (17.4%; 95% CI: 15.9, 19.0%). As much as 73% of the Hispanic–white 8th grade obesity disparity was generated by 3rd grade and 44% by kindergarten. In contrast, only 15% of the black–white obesity 8th grade disparity was generated by kindergarten, whereas 75% was generated between the 3rd and 8th grades and 53% between the 5th and 8th grades.ConclusionsAlthough adolescent obesity is equally prevalent among Hispanic and black children, obesity emerges and is sustained earlier in Hispanic children. Diagnosis and prevention strategies should be designed accordingly.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Temperate Phage-Mediated Inhibition of Bacterial Group Motilities
Authors: Chung In-Young , Sim Nuri , Cho You-Hee 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Phage therapy against bacterial pathogens has been resurrected as an alternative and supplementary anti-infective modality. Here, we observed that bacterial group motilities were impaired in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain PA14 lysogens for some temperate siphophages; the PA14 lysogens for DMS3 and MP22 were impaired in swarming motility, whereas the PA14 lysogen for D3112 was impaired in twitching motility. The swarming and twitching motilities of PA14 were also affected in the presence of MP22 and D3112, respectively. The
in vitro
killing activities of D3112 and MP22 toward PA14 did not differ, and neither did their
in vivo
persistence in the absence of bacterial infections in mice as well as in flies. Nevertheless, administration of D3112, not MP22, significantly reduced the mortality and the bacterial burdens in murine peritonitis-sepsis and
Drosophila
systemic infection caused by PA14. Taken together, we suggest that a temperate phage-mediated twitching motility inhibition might be comparably effective to control the acute infections caused by
P. aeruginosa
.
Rapid Killing of Acinetobacter baumannii by Polymyxins Is Mediated by a Hydroxyl Radical Death Pathway
Authors: Sampson Timothy R. , Liu Xiang , Schroeder Max R. , Kraft Colleen S. , Burd Eileen M. , Weiss David S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
is an opportunistic pathogen that is a cause of clinically significant nosocomial infections. Increasingly, clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
are extensively resistant to numerous antibiotics, and the use of polymyxin antibiotics against these infections is often the final treatment option. Historically, the polymyxins have been thought to kill bacteria through membrane lysis. Here, we present an alternative mechanism based on data demonstrating that polymyxins induce rapid cell death through hydroxyl radical production. Supporting this notion, we found that inhibition of radical production delays the ability of polymyxins to kill
A. baumannii
. Notably, we demonstrate that this mechanism of killing occurs in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of
A. baumannii
and that this response is not induced in a polymyxin-resistant isolate. This study is the first to demonstrate that polymyxins induce rapid killing of
A. baumannii
and other Gram-negatives through hydroxyl radical production. This significantly augments our understanding of the mechanism of polymyxin action, which is critical knowledge toward the development of adjunctive therapies, particularly given the increasing necessity for treatment with these antibiotics in the clinical setting.
Identification of Peptides Derived from the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Active against Biofilms Formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using a Library of Truncated Fragments
Authors: Nagant C. , Pitts B. , Nazmi K. , Vandenbranden M. , Bolscher J. G. , Stewart P. S. , Dehaye J.-P. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Persistent
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are linked to the formation of a biofilm. The development of new biofilm inhibition strategies is thus a major challenge. LL-37 is the only human antimicrobial peptide derived from cathelicidin. The effects on the
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 strain of synthetic truncated fragments of this peptide were compared with the effects of the original peptide. Fragments of LL-37 composed of 19 residues (LL-19, LL13-31, and LL7-25) inhibited biofilm formation. The strongest antibiofilm activity was observed with the peptides LL7-37 and LL-31, which decreased the percentage of biomass formation at a very low concentration. Some peptides were also active on the bacteria within an established biofilm. LL7-31, LL-31, and LL7-37 increased the uptake of propidium iodide (PI) by sessile bacteria. The peptide LL7-37 decreased the height of the biofilm and partly disrupted it. The peptides active within the biofilm had an infrared spectrum compatible with an α-helix. LL-37, but not the peptides LL7-31 and LL7-37, showed cellular toxicity by permeabilizing the eukaryotic plasma membrane (uptake of ethidium bromide and release of lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]). None of the tested peptides affected mitochondrial activity in eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, a 25-amino-acid peptide (LL7-31) displayed both strong antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The peptide was even active on cells within a preformed biofilm and had reduced toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. Our results also suggest the contribution of secondary structures (α-helix) to the activity of the peptides on biofilms.
Has the Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Increased Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use and Resistance?: a 10-Year Time Series Analysis
Authors: Wood Jameson B. , Smith Donald B. , Baker Errol H. , Brecher Stephen M. , Gupta Kalpana 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

There are an increasing number of indications for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use, including skin and soft tissue infections due to community-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(CA-MRSA). Assessing the relationship between rates of use and antibiotic resistance is important for maintaining the expected efficacy of this drug for guideline-recommended conditions. Using interrupted time series analysis, we aimed to determine whether the 2005 emergence of CA-MRSA and recommendations of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the preferred therapy were associated with changes in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use and susceptibility rates. The data from all VA Boston Health Care System facilities, including 118,863 inpatient admissions, 6,272,661 outpatient clinic visits, and 10,138 isolates were collected over a 10-year period. There was a significant (
P
= 0.02) increase in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prescriptions in the post-CA-MRSA period (1,605/year) compared to the pre-CA-MRSA period (1,538/year). Although the overall susceptibility of
Escherichia coli
and
Proteus
spp. to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased over the study period, the rate of change in the pre- versus the post-CA-MRSA period was not significantly different. The changes in susceptibility rates of
S. aureus
to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and to methicillin were also not significantly different. The CA-MRSA period is associated with a significant increase in use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but not with significant changes in the rates of susceptibilities among clinical isolates. There is also no evidence for selection of organisms with increased resistance to other antimicrobials in relation to increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole use.
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibitor AL18 Also Possesses Activity against Influenza A and B Viruses
Authors: Muratore Giulia , Mercorelli Beatrice , Goracci Laura , Cruciani Gabriele , Digard Paul , Palù Giorgio , Loregian Arianna 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
AL18, an inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase, was serendipitously found to also block the interaction between the PB1 and PA polymerase subunits of influenza A virus. Furthermore, AL18 effectively inhibited influenza A virus polymerase activity and the overall replication of influenza A and B viruses. A molecular model to explain the binding of AL18 to both cytomegalovirus and influenza targets is proposed. Thus, AL18 represents an interesting lead for the development of new antivirals.