bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An upper bound theorem concerning lattice polytopes
Authors: Hegedüs Gábor 
Published: September 2015

R. P. Stanley proved the Upper Bound Conjecture in 1975. We imitate his proof for the Ehrhart rings.
We give some upper bounds for the volume of integrally closed lattice polytopes. We derive some inequalities for the δ-vector of integrally closed lattice polytopes. Finally we apply our results for reflexive integrally closed and order polytopes.
Changes in Nasal Configuration following Primary Rhinoplasty: Direct Anthropometric Measurement in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tang Paula M.Y. , Chao Nicholas S.Y. , Leung Michael W.Y. , Liu Kelvin K.W. 
Published: September 2015

Background With the recent advances of surgical adjuncts including presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting, information on the anthropometric evaluation of cleft lip nasal symmetry after primary rhinoplasty is lacking. Method Twenty-nine nonsyndromic patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate undergoing modified rotation advancement cheiloplasty with synchronous primary rhinoplasty in our center were prospectively recruited in our study. All of them received our center's perioperative management protocol, including presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting. Direct anthropometric measurements of their nasal configuration were documented when they were anesthetized for primary lip repair at 3 months of age and for the primary palate repair at 12 months of age. Their nasal configurations were analyzed before primary rhinoplasty and at 9 months after rhinoplasty. Results There is a statistically significant change in nasal symmetry at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty. There is no significant correlation between the nasal configuration before and at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty. Conclusions With significant relapse of nasal deformity at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty despite the use of presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting, overcorrection of the nasal configuration at primary rhinoplasty should be considered for optimal long-term nasal symmetrical outcome.
A Comparison of Three Viewing Media for Assessing Dental Arch Relationships in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Zhu Shiwen , Yang Yanqi , Gu Min , Khambay Balvinder 
Published: September 2015

Objective To determine the repeatability and reproducibility of using three different viewing media to assess the outcomes of the dental arch relationships of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using the GOSLON Yardstick. Design The GOSLON Yardstick was used to rate the dental arch relationships of 29 patients with UCLP. Three experienced calibrated orthodontists rated the plaster study models, digital study models, and stereoscopic projected three-dimensional (3D) study models separately. There was a minimum of a 1-week interval between each rating session. All three rating sessions were repeated 1 month later. A linear weighted kappa statistic was performed to assess intrarater repeatability and inter-rater reproducibility, as well as the comparison between different viewing media using Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance (Kendall's W) statistic. Results Intra-rater repeatability was very good for all three viewing media (kappa = 0.83-0.92). Inter-rater reproducibility was good to very good across the three viewing media (kappa = 0.63-0.88). Agreements between plaster study models and digital study models or stereoscopic projected 3D study models were good to very good (kappa = 0.78-0.97 and kappa = 0.72-0.97, respectively), and a Kendall's W ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 ( P < .001). Conclusions Stereoscopic projected 3D is an alternative method to assess the outcomes of dental arch relationships in patients with cleft lip and palate using the GOSLON Yardstick. It could also be used for viewing patient records, as it recovers the full 3D information captured at the time of the clinical examination.
Abatiendo brechas de género: Espacios laborales con igualdad
Authors: Rodrí­guez Gallardo Dra. Georgina Ligeia 
Published: September 2015

Uno de los espacios de mayor desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres es el laboral. México como miembro activo de las Naciones Unidas ha implementado diversas acciones e iniciativas. Entre estas acciones -en el ámbito laboral- está laNorma Mexicana para la Igualdad Laboral entre Hombre y Mujeres, este documento se centra en la importancia de esta acción con la que se busca la igualdad de condiciones en el ámbito laboral.
La formación de investigadores y la responsabilidad social en la Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo
Authors: Vázquez Olarra Glafira , Arroyo Arroyo Ignacio , Bravo Ramí­rez Jaime Patricio 
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo aborda un análisis comparativo de las competencias investigativas desarrolladas por alumnos que se iniciaron comoinvestigadores a partir de tomar el curso de Metodologí­a de la Investigación en la Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo. Se observa un avance en el desarrollo de competencias en investigación.
Mejores prácticas de prevención de conflictos en el proceso de sucesión de la empresa familiar en México
Authors: González Gutiérrez Heber 
Published: September 2015

En el presente artí­culo, se describen acciones de sucesión en la empresa familiar, proponiendo a estas unidades económicas, un esquema orientado a fortalecer su patrimonio económico en el largo plazo. Hoy en dí­a, la empresa familiar es el soporte económico de algunas economí­as vulnerables y en ví­as de desarrollo, por lo que su escanales adecuados que impulsen su desarrollo y permanencia comercial a través de la sucesión familiar y el fomento al ”desarrollo emprendedor” en cada uno de sus integrantes, donde este último, es considerada por muchos expertos, y ponen en riesgo el futuro del patrimonio de la empresa familiar. No obstante, la mayorí­a de los problemas que se presentan en el proceso de la sucesión en el negocio familiar, varí­an de acuerdo a la estructura social en que se localizan, la cultura emprendedora y el medio económico en que se desarrollan. Finalmente, el estudio se refuerza con la exposición de dos casos reales desucesión en la empresa familiar mexicana.
Los prejuicios asociados con el edadismo causantes de la discriminación laboral en los procesos de reclutamiento en Celaya, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Alvarez Orozco Dolores Guadalupe , Hernandez Sampieri Roberto , Ruiz Verónica Esperanza 
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo muestra un avance de investigación que tiene por objetivo demostrar la existencia de edadismo en los procesos de reclutamientode la ciudad de Celaya Guanajuato, así­ mismo conocer los prejuicios asociados a la edad que la generán, por medio de la implementación metodologí­amixta con diseño secuencial deplix. La información presentada está relacionada con la sección cuantitativa de la investigación, la cual lográ demostrar la existencia de edadismo en la ofertas de empleo publicadas en internet de la ciudad de Celaya, Gto.
Gustos y preferencias de los radioescuchas en Acámbaro, Gto
Authors: Barrera Figueroa M. M. Mayra Verónica 
Published: September 2015

En la ciudad de Acámbaro; Gto., se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa, derivada de un análisis mixto secuencial, como parte de la primera fase de un benchmarking1; donde se recolectó información para detectar la principal radio que prefieren en la localidad. Este primer paso no se podí­a omitir; ya que a partir de los datos arrojados, se dará continuidad a una segunda fase (cualitativa2), con el fin de llevar a cabo un análisis minucioso; entre la competencia detectada y una organización de radio en especí­fico (la cual no se menciona por cuestiones éticas); de ello se pretende generar estrategias mercadológicas y estás en la implementación, logren un aumento de clientes, los cuales son radioescuchas y anunciantes.
Synthetic Parathyroid Hormone May Augment Bone Volume in Autogenous Grafts: A Study in Rats
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo A. B. , Ferreira Marcelo S. , Mafra Carlos Eduardo S. , Holzhausen Marinella , de Lima Luiz Antônio Pugliesi Alves , Mendes Pannuti Cláudio , César Neto João Batista 
Published: September 2015

Background: Synthetic parathyroid hormone [PTH(1–34)] has been investigated for its benefits on bone healing and osteoporosis treatment; however, there is little information regarding bone grafts. This study therefore investigates the effect of PTH(1–34) on autogenous bone graft healing.Methods: Bone grafts were harvested from the calvarium of rats with a trephine bur (3‐mm internal diameter) and placed on the cortex near the mandible angle with a titanium screw. Animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (control): subcutaneous injections of saline solution, three times a week (n = 15); group 2: 2 μg/kg PTH(1–34), three times a week (n = 15); and group 3: 40 μg/kg PTH(1–34), three times a week (n = 15). Thirty days postoperatively, the animals were killed, and specimens (implant + bed + graft) were removed and used for undecalcified sections. The following histometric parameters were evaluated: total bone thickness (TT) (bed + gap + graft), graft thickness (GT) (adjacent to the implant), bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), and bone area (BA) (within the limits of the threads). Five additional animals were sacrificed immediately after surgery (zero hour) to register bed and graft sizes before healing.Results: Group 3 showed significantly greater bone gain compared with groups 1 and 2 (TT and GT, P <0.05). In relation to initial thickness (zero hour), groups 1 and 2 showed a total decrease in volume of 15.91% and 20.83%, respectively, whereas group 3 showed a slight bone gain (1.21%). Data analysis revealed a significant difference for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (P <0.01). No differences were observed for BIC and BA (P >0.05).Conclusion: Systemic administration of PTH(1–34) augmented bone volume in autogenous grafts.
Corn Stalk Lodging: A Forensic Engineering Approach Provides Insights into Failure Patterns and Mechanisms
Authors: Robertson Daniel J. , Julias Margaret , Gardunia Brian W. , Barten Ty , Cook Douglas D. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTStalk lodging is essentially a structural failure. It was therefore hypothesized that application of structural and forensic engineering principles would provide novel insights into the problem of late‐season stalk lodging of maize (Zea mays L.). This study presents results from a structural engineering failure analysis of corn stalk lodging, involving detailed inspection and measurements of lodged stalks and a multidimensional imaging study to assess stalk architecture based on structural engineering principles. This work involved in‐field observation of >20 varieties of lodged corn stalk in eight international locations and detailed geometric analysis of four varieties. Analysis of collected data revealed very strong, yet previously unreported, patterns in corn stalk lodging. Corn stalks predominantly fail (break) by creasing, fall in the direction of the minor diameter of the cross section, and break within 4 cm of a node. These failure patterns, across a broad sampling of varieties and environments, suggest a consistent weakness in maize stalk architecture, indicating that a common solution might be identified to strengthen maize stalks. Structural engineering analysis of stalk architecture and morphology revealed that several geometric stress concentrators (features known from engineering theory to increase local stresses) occur in the predominant failure region of corn stalk. Identified stress concentrators include surface irregularities, sharp changes in diameter, and voids occurring in the stalk pith. Each of these stalk features persist across different international locations, environmental conditions, and hybrid varieties. These findings support the use of new selective breeding approaches that focus on stalk morphology and structural engineering analysis of corn stalk architecture to develop lodging resistant varieties of maize.
Genetic Transformation of Commercially Important Mature Citrus Scions
Authors: Wu Hao , Acanda Yosvanis , Shankar Alka , Peeples Michael , Hubbard Calvin , Orbovic′ Vladimir , Zale Janice 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA Mature Citrus Facility (MCF) was established at the University of Florida's Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) to produce transgenic citrus (Citrus spp.) tolerant to canker and greening bacterial diseases. Plants produced from mature tissue should flower and fruit early. Budsticks of ‘Hamlin’, ‘Valencia’, and ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfad.) were obtained from the Florida Division of Plant Industry (DPI) and introduced into the facility through shoot‐tip grafting (STG). These plants were tested for bacteria, phloem‐limited Huanglongbing (HLB), and indexed for viruses to ensure freedom from disease. Mature buds were grafted onto immature rootstock and the first two flushes of mature scion used in transformation feasibility studies with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA2301 and strain EHA101 harboring pTLAB21, which carry the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters, respectively. β‐glucuronidase assays or GFP fluorescence was used to identify transgenic shoots, which developed through organogenesis from stem explants. Transgenic shoots were micrografted onto immature rootstock, and secondarily micrografted onto 4‐ to 5‐mo‐old rootstock. NPTII enzyme expression in older trees was confirmed using the immunostrip and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Southern blots of a representative group of transgenics showed that most were low copy number with 1 to 3 copies of the T‐DNA integrated into the genome. There were a large number of escapes on kanamycin, and many transgenic shoots were lost in micrografting. Several transgenic trees flowered 18 to 19 mo after cocultivation with Agrobacterium. Transformation of mature citrus with disease resistance genes would be a feasible way to produce citrus tolerant to canker and greening.
Ecophysiological Responses of Tall Fescue Genotypes to Fungal Endophyte Infection, Elevated Temperature, and Precipitation
Authors: Bourguignon Marie , Nelson Jim A. , Carlisle Elizabeth , Ji Huihua , Dinkins Randy D. , Phillips Tim D. , McCulley Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTTall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.) can form a symbiosis with the fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala, whose presence often benefits the plant, depending on plant and fungal genetics and the prevailing environmental conditions. Despite this symbiosis having agricultural, economic, and ecological importance, relatively little is known regarding its response to predicted global climate change. We quantified the ecophysiological responses of four tall fescue genetic clone pairs, where each pair consisted of one endophyte‐infected (E+) and one endophyte‐free clone, to climate change factors of annually elevated temperature and seasonally increased precipitation. Endophyte presence increased fescue tillering and biomass production in the elevated temperature treatment and greatly enhanced the ability of two of the fescue clones to recover from the hot and unusually dry summer. Surprisingly, endophyte infection also stimulated biomass production and photosynthesis rates (for one clone) in the most mesic treatment (additional precipitation). Toxic ergot alkaloid concentrations increased in E+ individuals exposed to elevated temperatures, particularly in the fall, but the strength of the response varied across E+ genotypes. Overall, this study suggests that choice of plant and endophyte genetic material will be important in determining the productivity, toxicity, and resilience of tall fescue pastures under future climate conditions.
Confirming and Identifying New Loci for Rice Blast Disease Resistance using Magnaporthe oryzae Field Isolates in the US
Authors: Xing Junjie , Jia Melissa H , Correll James C. , Yuan Longping , Deng Huangfeng , Jia Yulin 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTQuantitative trait loci (QTL) play important roles in controlling rice blast disease. In the present study, 10 field isolates of the races IA1, IB1, IB17, and IC1 of US rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae collected in 1996 and 2009 were used to identify blast resistance QTL with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 227 F7 individuals derived from the cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Lemont and Jasmine 85. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that is moderately resistant, and Lemont is a tropical japonica cultivar susceptible to rice blast in greenhouse inoculation. Disease reactions of the parents and RILs were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. A total of six resistance QTL, qBLR8, qBLR10‐1, qBLR10‐2, qBLR10‐3, qBLR12‐1, and qBLR12‐2, were identified on chromosomes 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Phenotypic variation, conditioned by these six resistance QTL, ranged from 5.37 to 39.18%. Among them, qBLR12‐1 and qBLR12‐2 provided the strongest resistance to the newest isolates of the most virulent race IA1 of M. oryzae. Three of these resistance QTL have been identified using different blast isolates in a previous study. qBLR10‐1, qBLR10‐2, and qBLR10‐3 have not been previously found in this cross. These confirmed and new resistance QTL will be useful for the development of rice cultivars with improved effective resistance to rice blast via a marker‐assisted selection (MAS) approach.
Heat Stress Adaptation in Elite Lines Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Cossani C. Mariano , Reynolds Matthew P. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe contribution of synthetic hexaploids in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has been documented under drought stress, but not previously under heat stress. A set of six advanced wheat lines derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat (ASD) was compared to their conventional hexaploid (Conv‐Hex) and synthetic derivative (Syn‐Der) parents under three different temperature scenarios in the field (temperate or non‐stress, heat‐stress environment, and late‐ or extreme heat environment). The ASD lines showed a yield advantage under heat and extreme heat stress compared to the best parent (Syn‐Der) by on average 15 and 13%, respectively, while the average yield advantage under temperate conditions was just 5%. A similar pattern to yield was observed for grain number, while individual kernel weight of ASD lines was similar to the best parent (Syn‐Der) in all three environments. The ASD lines expressed on average 12% more final biomass than the best parent (Syn‐Der) under heat environment, but similar biomass to them at temperate and extreme heat environments, respectively. Physiological traits related to heat tolerance included higher crop growth rate, increased water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) storage in stems, cooler canopy temperature, and spectral indices which are related to pigment composition, photo‐protective mechanisms, and radiation use efficiency. These traits enabled a larger number of grains to be set, in addition to growth of taller stems with a greater WSC storage capacity that was significantly related to kernel weight. Results reinforce the positive impact of using synthetic wheat in plant breeding for climate change.
Switchgrass Population and Cold–Moist Stratification Mediate Germination
Authors: Eckberg James O. , Casler Michael D. , Johnson Gregg A. , Seefeldt Laura L. , Blaedow Karen E. , Shaw Ruth G. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeding and selection have enhanced the agronomic qualities of this species as a crop for forage and bioenergy applications. Previous work has characterized variation in phenotypic traits (e.g., survival, biomass yield, and cell wall carbohydrates) among wild and cultivated populations. Despite the importance of low dormancy to the establishment of a productive switchgrass stand, there is little information characterizing the dormancy of selectively bred cultivars vs. wild populations of switchgrass. The objectives of this study were to use growth chamber experiments to quantify germination vs. dormancy (confirmed by tetrazolium tests) of eight wild and four cultivar populations and evaluate the relationship between seed size and germination. While cultivars generally showed higher germination than wild populations, there was marked variation in germination among wild populations; for those with lower germination, the ungerminated fraction comprised mostly live (i.e., dormant) seeds. These data led us to perform a subsequent experiment testing the application of a seed treatment, cold–moist stratification, on a subset of eight populations representing the wide variation in germination observed in the first experiment. Cold–moist stratification substantially increased germination, but the magnitude of the effect varied among populations. Populations with higher dormancy showed a much larger increase in germination after cold–moist stratification. These data clearly show that seed dormancy in wild populations can be easily overcome by cold–moist stratification in the short term and breeding and selection in the long term.
Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed–Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Based Chromosome Painting of P Genome Chromosomes in Agropyron cristatum and Wheat–A. cristatum Addition Lines
Authors: Han Haiming , Zhang Yingxin , Liu Weihua , Hu Zanmin , Li Lihui 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAgropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP), a wild relative of wheat, could provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. Microdissection and degenerate oligonucleotide primed –polymerase chain reaction (DOP–PCR) is an effective way to isolate specific sequences. The development of specific sequences and functional markers of P genome could lay the foundation for gene mapping and cloning. In this study, chromosomes 6PS and 6PL were microdissected from wheat–A. cristatum 6PS and 6PL addition lines, and DOP–PCR products from both microdissected chromosomes were used as probes to hybridize with mitotic metaphase chromosomes of diploid A. cristatum, wheat–A. cristatum addition lines 6PS, 6PL, and 6P. The results showed that the distribution patterns on A. cristatum chromosomes using DOP–PCR products of microdissected 6PS as the probe were similar to those using DOP–PCR products of microdissected 6PL as the probe. They both distributed along all chromosomes, and chromosome 6P and other chromosomes were similar according to the hybridization pattern. There were no signals on wheat chromosomes indicating that DOP–PCR products contain P‐genome specific sequences. Actually, we obtained a P‐genome specific sequence from the DOP–PCR products of 6PS, which could be used as a fluoresence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe to identify P genome chromatin in wheat–A. cristatum introgression lines. These results could provide a basis for the study of structure and evolution of P genome chromosomes. Furthermore, this study may lead to mapping and cloning of the desirable genes on 6P chromosome.