bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hydraulic performance indices for retention ponds
Authors: Farjood Arash , Melville Bruce W. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Adams Keith N. , Khan Sher 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Comprehensive hydraulic analysis of sediment retention ponds is commonly achieved through interpretation of residence time distribution and derivation of indices associated with short-circuiting and mixing. However, the availability of various indices indicates the need for careful selection of the most appropriate indices. This study compares some of the commonly used hydraulic performance indices, together with a new short-circuiting index, τ5, for five different flow regimes in a model sediment retention pond. The results show that τ5 was the best measure for short-circuiting. Among the mixing indices, only the Morril index correctly represented the physical behaviour of the experiments. In addition, two hydraulic efficiency indices, λ and a moment index (MI) were assessed and showed a good correlation with the short-circuiting and mixing indices, but MI was more reproducible than λ. Based on these results, this study recommends using τ5, Morril index and MI for analysis of hydraulic performance in sediment retention ponds.
Optimizing the recovery of copper from electroplating rinse bath solution by hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Oskay Kürşad Oğuz , Kul Mehmet 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study aimed to recover and remove copper from industrial model wastewater solution by non-dispersive solvent extraction (NDSX). Two mathematical models were developed to simulate the performance of an integrated extraction–stripping process, based on the use of hollow fiber contactors using the response surface method. The models allow one to predict the time dependent efficiencies of the two phases involved in individual extraction or stripping processes. The optimal recovery efficiency parameters were determined as 227 g/L of H2SO4 concentration, 1.22 feed/strip ratio, 450 mL/min flow rate (115.9 cm/min. flow velocity) and 15 volume % LIX 84-I concentration in 270 min by central composite design (CCD). At these optimum conditions, the experimental value of recovery efficiency was 95.88%, which was in close agreement with the 97.75% efficiency value predicted by the model. At the end of the process, almost all the copper in the model wastewater solution was removed and recovered as CuSO4.5H2O salt, which can be reused in the copper electroplating industry.
Organic pollution removal from coke plant wastewater using coking coal
Authors: Gao Lihui , Li Shulei , Wang Yongtian , Sun Hao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Coke plant wastewater (CPW) is an intractable chemical wastewater, and it contains many toxic pollutants. This article presents the results of research on a semi-industrial adsorption method of coking wastewater treatment. As a sorbent, the coking coal (CC) was a dozen times less expensive than active carbon. The treatment was conducted within two scenarios, as follows: (1) adsorption after biological treatment of CPW with CC at 40 g L−1; the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 75.66%, and the concentration was reduced from 178.99 to 43.56 mg L−1; (2) given an adsorption by CC of 250 g L−1 prior to the biological treatment of CPW, the eliminations of COD and phenol were 58.08% and 67.12%, respectively. The CC that adsorbed organic pollution and was returned to the coking system might have no effect on both coke oven gas and coke.
The Effects of a Shared Interest and Regret Salience on Tax Evasion
Authors: Brink William Douglas , White Richard A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether sharing the potential tax savings and the risk of penalties associated with tax evasion with another individual affects a decision maker's willingness to evade taxes. This study also explores whether increasing the salience of potential regret from an adverse audit decreases tax evasion behavior. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design with experienced taxpayers as participants, this study finds that participants are less willing to evade taxes when they share the potential tax savings and risk of penalties with another taxpayer compared to when the reporting decision affects solely the decision maker. Supplemental analysis shows that participants feel that tax evasion is more unethical when a shared interest is present. In addition, this study demonstrates that increasing regret salience from an adverse audit decreases participants' willingness to evade taxes. This study contributes to multiple literature streams, including taxpayer compliance, ethical decision making, and decision making under risk.
Study of 60Co as gamma source in backscatter gamma densitometers
Authors: Peyvandi R. Gholipour , Rad S. Z. Islami , Taheri A. , Tootkaleh S. Rahmanzadeh , Lehdarboni M. Askari 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this work the performance of backscatter gamma densitometer is studied using 60Co as gamma source. The ability of the densitometer to determine the liquid's interfaces in multi-phase flows was assessed. The aim mainly was to investigate the possibility of using 60Co in this system. Furthermore, a comparison between 60Co and was done. The obtained results indicate that 60Co can be advantageous in this regard.
Development of a hydrogen diffusion gothic model of MARK III-containment
Authors: Zhen-Yu H. , Huang H. Yu-Kai , Wen-Sheng H. , Chen Yen-Shu , Bau-Shei P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is a reminder of the danger of hydrogen explosion within a reactor building. Sufficiently high hydrogen concentration may cause an explosion that could damage the structure, resulting in the release of radioisotopes into the environment. In the first part of this study, a gas diffusion experiment was performed, in which helium was used as the working fluid. An analytical model was also developed using the GOTHIC code and the model predictions of the helium distribution were found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured data. In the second part of the study, a model of the Mark III containment of the Kuosheng Plant in Taiwan was developed, and was applied to a long-term station blackout (SBO) accident similar to that of the Fukushima plant. The hydrogen generation was calculated using the Modular Accident Analysis Program and was used as the boundary condition for the GOTHIC containment model. The simulation results revealed that the hydrogen concentration at the first floor of the wetwell in the containment reached 4% 9.7 h after the accident. This indicated the possibility of dangerous conditions inside the containment. Although active hydrogen ignitors are already installed in the Kuosheng plant, the findings of this study indicate that it may be necessary to add passive recombiners to prolong an SBO event.
The ultimate response guideline simulation and analysis by using TRACE for Lungmen ABWR nuclear power plant
Authors: Lin H.-T. , Yang S.-M. , Wang J.-R. , Chen S.-W. , Shih C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this research, the TRACE/SNAP model of Lungmen ABWR nuclear power plant (NPP) has been established for the simulation and analysis of ultimate response guideline (URG). The main actions of URG are depressurization and low pressure water injection of reactor and containment venting. This research focuses to assess the URG utility of Lungmen NPP under Fukushima-like conditions. This study consists of three steps. The first step is the establishment of Lungmen NPP TRACE/SNAP model. In order to evaluate the system response of TRACE/SNAP model, FSAR data (MSIV closure and loss of feedwater flow transient) were used to compare with the results of TRACE. The second step is the URG simulation and analysis under Fukushima-like conditions by using Lungmen NPP TRACE/SNAP model. In this step, the no URG case was also performed in order to evaluate the URG effectiveness of Lungmen NPP. In order to confirm the mechanical property and integrity of fuel rods, the final step is FRAPTRAN analysis. According to TRACE analysis results, the URG can keep the peak cladding temperature (PCT) below the criteria 1 088.7 K under Fukushima-like conditions which indicates that Lungmen NPP can be controlled in a safe situation. Nevertheless, if Lungmen NPP does not perform the URG under Fukushima-like conditions, the water level may drop lower than TAF after 1 100 s which means a safety issue about the fuel rods may be generated. The analysis results of FRAPTRAN also indicate the integrity of fuel rods cannot be kept under the above conditions.
A Subsegmental Correspondence Approach to Contour Tone (Dis)Harmony Patterns
Authors: Shih Stephanie , Inkelas Sharon 
Published: June 2015

<p>Contour tones, like contour segments, exhibit dualist syntagmatic behavior: as whole units, <span style="font-size: 10px;">they can participate in harmony (spreading) and disharmony (OCP-type restriction) processes </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">or their internal, subsegmental components may act independently. Formally, such schizoid </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">behavior from both contour tones and segments in (dis)harmony patterns has challenged </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">previous phonological theory. As a solution, this paper presents a novel, quantized phonological </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">representation for subsegmental units couched in existing surface correspondence theory </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">(Agreement by Correspondence (ABC); Hansson 2001; Rose &amp; Walker 2004; et seq.). The </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">resulting approach, termed ABC+Q, treats tonally contoured segments as strings of tonally </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">simplex subsegments and is thus capable of modeling both whole contour (segment-level) </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">and partial contour (subsegment-level) effects as consequences of (dis)agreement triggered by </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">phonological similarity and proximity. Such an approach makes it possible for the first time </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">to offer a united treatment for the behavior of both contour tones and contour segments across </span><span style="font-size: 10px;">observed patterns of (dis)harmony.</span></p>
The nature of regressions in the acquisition of phonological grammars
Authors: Tessier Anne-Michelle 
Published: June 2015

<p>Children’s acquisition of their L1 phonological grammar is typically understood as a gradual progression from an initial universal state towards a language-specific one, in which learners incrementally change their grammars to better approximate the target. One challenging problem for this view, however, are the many reports of ‘U-shaped development’ in which production temporarily regresses, diverging further from the target rather than drawing closer. Based on existing and novel analyses of longitudinal data, this paper argues that phonological regressions should <span style="text-decoration: underline;">not</span> be captured directly within the normal workings of children’s error-driven mechanisms for grammar learning. It also identifies a kind of regression that seems plausible but is nonetheless apparently unattested: one in which markedness constraints flip-flop over time, so that improvement on one marked structure entails regression on another. With this initial empirical base, the paper then demonstrates that an error-driven OT-like learner which stores its errors and imposes certain persistent biases can in fact easily regress in the unattested way. Section 5 discusses how OT’s grammatical parallelism is in part responsible for creating the unattested regression pattern, and how a serial constraint-based grammar like Harmonic Serialism (McCarthy 2007 <em>et seq</em>) avoids this regression. </p>
Valencian Hypocoristics: When Morphology Meets Phonology
Authors: Artés Eduard 
Published: June 2015

<p>Valencian hypocoristics constitute a domain in which morphology seems to be at rescue when phonological problems arise. The prosodic requirements of the truncated form (a disyllabic left-headed foot) determine the insertion of an inflectional exponent, i.e., 'morphological epenthesis'. The grammar avoids the insertion of regular epenthetic material and favors the choice of an exponent already listed in the lexicon. Assuming inflectional allomorphs to be underdetermined in the input, a constraint Priority ('respect lexical priority -ordering- of allomorphs', Mascaró 2007) is responsible for the assignment of exponents. In cases of phonological conflict, the interaction with markedness constraints forces the insertion of a marked allomorph in the hierarchy. In short, the proposal implies that phonology can control allomorph selection. </p>
Tone-TBU Disparity in Three Phonologies of Cantonese
Authors: Iacoponi Luca 
Published: June 2015

<p>I propose a restricted theory of tone-TBU association called Basic Tonal Theory (BTT). BTT includes six well-attested constraints, and a restricted GEN. The typology contains attested cases of tone over-crowding resolution such as tone deletion, mora epenthesis, and mora deletion, but also predicts unattested cases of languages that resolve tonal crowding by using a combination of the aforementioned mechanisms based on the number of the morae in the input.</p><p>Cantonese has both monomaraic and bimoraic syllables, lexically specified tones, and a process of tonal suffixation that creates the context for tonal overcrowding. In an acoustic experiment, the duration and pitch of pairs of suffixed and underived forms were measured, and the analysis of the results shows that two of the three groups use a split-strategy to resolve tonal crowding.</p><p>The experiment thus provides empirical evidence for the typology of BTT. Furthermore, the proposed analysis can account for a case of near mergers previously argued to be unexplainable in an optimality framework. </p>
Emergent faithfulness to morphological and semantic heads in lexical blends
Authors: Shaw Katherine E. , White Andrew M. , Moreton Elliott , Monrose Fabian 
Published: June 2015

In many languages, sounds in certain "privileged" positions preserve marked structure which is eliminated elsewhere (Positional Faithfulness, Beckman 1998). This paper presents new corpus and experimental evidence that faithfulness to main-stress location and segmental content of morpho-semantic heads emerges in English blends. The study compared right-headed (subordinating) blends, like motor + hotel -&gt; motel (a kind of hotel) with coordinating blends like spoon + fork -&gt; spork (equally spoon and fork).<br /><br />Stress: Analysis of 1095 blends from Thurner (1993) found that right-headed blends were more faithful to stress location of the second source word than were coordinating blends. Given source words with conflicting stress (e.g., FLOUNder + sarDINE), participants preferentially matched the blend that preserved second-word stress (flounDINE) to a right-headed definition.<br /><br />Segmental content: When source-word length was controlled, segments from right-headed blends were more likely to survive than those from coordinating blends. Given source words that could be spliced at two points (e.g., flaMiNGo + MoNGoose), participants preferentially matched the one that preserved more of the second word (flamongoose) to a right-headed definition.<br /><br />These results support the hypotheses that Positional Faithfulness constraints are universally available, that heads are a privileged position, and that blend phonology is sensitive to headedness.<br /><br />
How to turn a (not-yet-)possessed DP into a predicate nominal in Cochabamba Quechua
Authors: Myler Neil Joseph 
Published: June 2015

<p>This paper provides an analysis of a possession construction in Cochabamba Quechua (Quechuan, SOV):</p><p class="Number">(1) Noqa pana-yoq ka-ni.</p><p class="Number"> I sister-yoq be-1s</p><p class="Number"> ‘I have a sister.’</p><p class="Number">I show that the <em>–yoq</em> suffix in (1) is a derivational morpheme which attaches to a DP and starts a new nominal extended projection. Thus we have an existence proof that "predicativization" as identified by Stassen (2009) is a genuinely distinct phenomenon which cannot be reduced to more familiar subtypes of possession construction. Semantically, <em>-yoq</em> takes a possessed DP ‘missing’ its possessor and returns a predicate nominal, which can then be predicated of the possessor. This supports the idea that a theta-role (a possessor role in this case) need not be satisfied in the position where it is introduced (Marantz 2013; Wood 2012). I conclude by pointing out the predictions made by the analysis for parametric variation.</p>
Linguistics meets "legalese": syntax, semantics, and jury instruction reform
Authors: Randall Janet H. , Graf Lucas R. 
Published: June 2015

<p>Our research, reported here last year (Randall 2013), demonstrated that low comprehension of six current Massachusetts jury instructions could be improved with Plain English versions. We found a significant difference in the proportion of t/f questions correctly answered by ≥ 90% of subjects hearing either Current or Plain English instructions: 30% vs. 52% (p &lt;.05). We now show that two linguistic factors in the instructions mattered most: the proportions of <strong>passives</strong> and <strong>unfamiliar, undefined terms</strong> inversely correlated with instruction comprehension rates. We also report on a new study investigating whether reading enhances comprehension, for both current and Plain English versions.</p>
Rescuing Broken Dependency in Korean Fragments
Authors: Park Bum-Sik , Kim Hyosik 
Published: June 2015

<p>◊ Korean FAs with/without their morphological markers can be captured by ellipsis approach.</p><p>◊ The presence and absence of trouble makers encoded with offending *s determines the acceptability of FAs.</p><p>◊ The proposed analysis extends to the variability of postposition-stranding and a certain asymmetry in island-violating fragments. </p>
Stativity and present tense epistemics
Authors: Ramchand Gillian Catriona 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Some modals are ambiguous between epistemic and circumstantial interpretations, but allow epistemic readings only when they combine with stative verb phrases. For other modals, the epistemic reading is not so constrained. I propose a theory of modal semantics that is sensitive to height of merge position and by extension the properties of the situational description that the modal combines with. To capture the pattern, modals are argued to have two important dimensions of meaning: (i) they will describe a topic situation asserted to be either an exhaustive or non-exhaustive choice over live situational alternatives; (ii) they will either anchor that topic situation indexically, or anaphorically. Modal meaning can then systematically interact with situational descriptions to build different interpretations while keeping the underlying semantics of the modal the same. Epistemic readings emerge when a modal attaches above the height at which temporal parameters of the situation are bound, circumstantials attach below the temporal specification. State-constrained epistemic modals are those that have indexical anchoring properties. </span></p></div></div></div>
The grammar of discourse: The case of then
Authors: Biezma Maria 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>This paper presents an analysis of <em>then</em> that appeals to discourse structure. I argue that <em>then</em> does not make any truth-conditional contribution but rather coordinates an anaphoric relation between consecutive discourse-moves. The meaning contribution of <em>then</em> is captured in terms of felicity conditions: <em>then</em> requires that two propositions enter into a ‘causal explanatory claim’-relation in which one (the antecedent) provides the ‘reasons’ for the other (the consequent). This proposal targets <em>then</em> within conditionals and across discourse and considers discourse structure as a key factor in explaining its behavior.</p></div></div></div>
An alternative theory of imprecision
Authors: Solt Stephanie 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Numerical expressions are often used imprecisely or approximately. This paper defends a novel analysis of numerical imprecision based on the notion of scale granularity, construed here in terms of sets of alternatives. I apply this approach to account for new facts relating to the interaction of (im)precision and comparison, in particular the necessarily precise interpretation of measure expressions in compara- tives, and the negative polarity status of overt approximators in comparatives (e.g. </span><span>Mabel owns *(no) more than about one hundred sheep.</span><span>) </span></p></div></div></div>
Deriving Hurford's Constraint
Authors: Meyer Marie-Christine 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>I show that the infelicity of disjunctions in which one disjunct entails the other (“Hurford disjunctions”), as well as the felicity of a subclass of Hurford disjunctions (e.g., </span><span>some or all</span><span>), can be derived from a general principle of Brevity under the independently motivated assumption that uncertainty implicatures are generated in the grammar. </span></p></div></div></div>
Notes de les editores
Authors: Kim Ha Ram (Hannah) , Dooly Melinda 
Published: June 2015

Existeixen probes contundents respecte de l’augment de la incorporació dels entorns web 2.0 en l’educació, particularment en l’aprenentatge i l’ensenyament de llengües. Les enquestes indiquen que un nombre creixent d’institucions educatives primàries, secundàries i terciàries tenen accés a les eines web 2.0, tot i que la manera en què aquestes eines poden millorar els processos d’aprenentatge és una qüestió que cal debatre. Sovint la discussió sobre la integració de la tecnologia s’atura en pràctiques específiques, en lloc de considerar la importància que té per als docents d’avaluar críticament el potencial de la tecnologia per millorar i afavorir el processos d’aprenentatge, de manera que s’ajustin a les concepcions actuals sobre la construcció del coneixement. Aquests canvis representen inevitablement nous desafiaments per als actors educatius des de molts angles diferents, un dels més importants dels quals és la forma de preparar la ciutadania per a l’aprenentatge virtual, en un món cada vegada més interconnectat, en què el "coneixement" no és lineal, sinó dinàmic, i sovint construït en col·laboració distribuïda. Les noves concepcions sobre què significa ensenyar i aprendre en entorns digitals reclama més investigació per aprofundir en aquestes qüestions complexes. Amb aquest esperit, els articles d'aquest volum especial observen de prop els fonaments teòrics i també les pràctiques reals que tenen com a objectiu integrar la tecnologia i l'aprenentatge de llengües com a part d'un procés social continu per a la construcció compartida de coneixement de comunicació.