bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Year Survey of Human Rotavirus Strains Suggests the Emergence of Genotype G12 in Cameroon
Authors: Ndze Valentine N. , Papp Hajnalka , Achidi Eric A. , Gonsu Kamga H. , László Brigitta , Farkas Szilvia , Kisfali Péter , Melegh Béla , Esona Mathew D. , Bowen Michael D. , Bányai K. , Gentsch Jon R. , Odama Abena M.T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this study the emergence of rotavirus A genotype G12 in children <5 years of age is reported from Cameroon during 2010/2011. A total of 135 human stool samples were P and G genotyped by reverse transcriptase PCR. Six different rotavirus VP7 genotypes were detected, including G1, G2, G3, G8, G9, and G12 in combinations with P[4], P[6] and P[8] VP4 genotypes. Genotype G12 predominated in combination with P[8] (54.1%) and P[6] (10.4%) genotypes followed by G1P[6] (8.2%), G3P[6] (6.7%), G2P[4] (5.9%), G8P[6] (3.7%), G2P[6] (0.7%), G3P[8] (0.7%), and G9P[8] (0.7%). Genotype P[6] strains in combination with various G‐types represented a substantial proportion (N = 44, 32.6%) of the genotyped strains. Partially typed strains included G12P[NT] (2.2%); G3P[NT] (0.7%); G(NT)P[6] (1.5%); and G(NT)P[8] (0.7%). Mixed infections were found in five specimens (3.7%) in several combinations including G1 + G12P[6], G2 + G3P[6] + P[8], G3 + G8P[6], G3 + G12P[6] + P[8], and G12P[6] + P[8]. The approximately 10% relative frequency of G12P[6] strains detected in this study suggests that this strain is emerging in Cameroon and should be monitored carefully as rotavirus vaccine is implemented in this country, as it shares neither G‐ nor P‐type specificity with strains in the RotaTeq® and Rotarix® vaccines. These findings are consistent with other recent reports of the global spread and increasing epidemiologic importance of G12 and P[6] strains. J. Med. Virol. 85:1485–1490, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BK polyomavirus genotyping at inter‐ and intra‐patient level in Spain
Authors: Ledesma J. , Bouza E. , González‐Nicolás M.A. , de Viedma D. García , Rodríguez‐Sánchez B. , Muñoz P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBK polyomavirus (BKV) is classified into four subtypes based on nucleotide variation of a 287 bp typing region in the VP1 protein. Most studies show that subtype I is predominant in different geographic settings, followed by subtype IV. However, BKV subtypes II and III are detected at low rates. In Spain, the prevalence of each subtype is not well known. The aim of this study was to identify the BKV subtypes from a selection of different types of patients and to determine whether different subtypes could be infecting the same patient. A hundred and twenty nine BKV‐positive urine samples were selected to amplify and sequence the typing region. Plasma specimens collected at the same time as the urine samples were also studied in 34 patients. A phylogenetic analysis and a study of substitutions in the VP1 protein were carried out with the sequences obtained. Subtype I was the predominant subtype detected in urine (61.2%) and plasma (38.2%) samples followed by subtype II. The analysis of paired samples showed that the subtype found in urine was different from that found in plasma in 10 patients. Fourteen BKV variants based on substitutions in VP1 were identified. The finding of compartmentalized infections involving different subtypes at different sites in some patients might mean specific and different selective pressure in each tissue. The potential involvement in the viral cycle of the different BKV variants found should be analyzed. J. Med. Virol. 85:1402–1408, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shift in the hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in the last decade among the HBV carriers from eastern India: Possible effects on the disease status and hbv epidemiology
Authors: Biswas Avik , Panigrahi Rajesh , Pal Manisha , Chakraborty Subhasis , Bhattacharya Prasun , Chakrabarti Shekhar , Chakravarty Runu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn a previous study from eastern India, the prevalence of HBV/C has been increasing among the blood donors. In order to analyze whether there has been any shift in HBV genotype distributions in recent years, the HBV genotypes prevalent during the periods 2000–2002 (Group‐I; n = 176) and 2007–2009 (Group‐II; n = 203) were compared, with special attention to changes in the proportion of HBV/C. The rate of prevalence of the three HBV genotypes (A, C, and D; percent prevalence 19.9/21.6/58.5 in Group‐I vs. 31.0/28.6/40.4 in Group‐II) underwent significant changes with increases in HBV/A and HBV/C among the HBV carriers (0.002). Among the asymptomatic carriers, the prevalence of these two genotypes (P = 0.021 for HBV/A and P = 0.005 for HBV/C) was significantly high. A notable increase was also observed among the chronic liver disease cases. HBV/A increased significantly among the older age Groups (≥51 years), whereas the increase of HBV/C was significant among the younger age Groups (≤20 years). With the increase of HBV/A and HBV/C, the rates of basal core promoter double mutation (1762T/1764A) also increased considerably. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that both HBV/A and 1762T/1764A mutations are predictors of chronic liver disease state over asymptomatic carrier state. Thus, this study highlights the possible influence of HBV genotype shift on the changing scenario of HBV epidemiology and disease in the population. J. Med. Virol. 85:1340–1347, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered patterns of norovirus GII.b recombinant forms in gastroenteritis outbreaks in victoria, Australia, 2002–2005 compared to 2006–2011
Authors: Bruggink L.D. , Marshall J.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGII.b norovirus is an obligatory recombinant with an open reading frame (ORF) 1 comprising the GII.b genotype and the ORF 2 region corresponding to one of a number of other norovirus genotypes. GII.b is the second most common genotype after GII.4 associated with gastroenteritis outbreaks in Victoria, Australia. The study involved norovirus testing of 14,186 specimens from 2,743 Victorian gastroenteritis outbreaks in the period 2002–2011. The noroviruses identified were further characterized by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In the period 2002–2005, 21 GII.b norovirus outbreaks were identified, with the GII.b ORF 2 recombinant genotypes comprising GII.1 (47.6%), GII.3 (47.6%), and GII.13 (4.8%). For the period 2006–2011, 56 GII.b norovirus outbreaks were identified. In 51 of these, the ORF 2 genotype was identified, and comprised GII.1 (2.0%), GII.3 (94.1%), GII.13 (2.0%), and GII.21 (2.0%). GII.b norovirus outbreaks could occur in a range of settings involving individuals with a broad range of ages. However, GII.b/GII.3 norovirus tended to occur in a younger demographic and all outbreaks involving specifically children's settings had the GII.b/GII.3 genotype. Nucleotide sequencing studies demonstrated major changes in both the ORF 1 and ORF 2 regions of the GII.b/GII.3 noroviruses but not in the GII.b/GII.1 and GII.b/GII.13 noroviruses when the noroviruses for the two time periods 2002–2005 and 2006–2011 were compared. The findings suggest nucleotide changes in the pre‐existing GII.b/GII.3 noroviruses resulted in a more virulent form. J. Med. Virol. 85:1433–1443, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic of soil exposure intensity and its effect on thermal environment change
Authors: Xu Hanqiu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLarge area exposure of bare soils caused by soil erosion has serious impacts on the regional ecological environment, such as the rise of land surface temperature (LST). As a typical reddish soil erosion region in southern China, the hilly area in County Changting has been called flame hilly area because of extensively exposed reddish soils and hot weather in the area. This study utilizes remote sensing technology to investigate dynamic of soil exposure intensity (SEI) and accompanied soil heat flux and LST changes during the period from 1988 to 2010 in the county. Results show that owing to the 22‐year treatment of soil erosion, the SEI in the main soil loss areas of the county has declined by 20.26%, high SEI area has reduced by 81.95%, and soil heat flux has decreased by 33.28%. All of these have contributed to the decrease in LST differences between exposed and vegetated areas by 20.8% during the study period. This indicates an improvement of the thermal environment in the flame hill area once severely exposed. Detailed quantitative relationship analysis can find that (1) SEI is positively linearly correlated with soil heat flux and LST and (2) each decrease in SEI by 0.1 unit in the future would reduce LST difference by 0.88 °C (or 1.01 °C when accompanied by an equal increment in fractional vegetation cover).
Projected changes in wind speed over the Republic of Korea under A1B climate change scenario
Authors: Kim Jin‐Young , Kim Do‐Yong , Oh Jai‐Ho 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, an attempt was made to investigate a future wind‐speed change over the Republic of Korea using a mesoscale weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. We presented dynamically downscaled wind fields and the physical processes that derived the surface wind changes. A double‐nested WRF model within the global‐scale scenario from the fifth generation of the ECHAM general‐circulation model (ECHAM5) was integrated for the present‐day (the late 20th century, 1990–1999) and future (the mid‐21st century, 2045–2054) wind climate. The ensemble mean of the simulated results for the sensitivity of planetary boundary‐layer physics provided a relative advantage in determining synoptic and surface fields. A reasonable and realistic wind climatology, influenced by the asymmetric heating of land and sea, was identified over the East Asian monsoon region. The observed spatial and temporal distributions of temperature and wind speed were also reproduced well by the mesoscale simulations. Projected wind‐speed changes at 80 m above ground level varied from –9.53 to 29.80% depending on the location and season. [Correction added 3 March 2014 after original online publication: in the preceding sentence ‘9.53’ has been corrected to ‘–9.53’.] The strong wind speed in the cold season decreased (–5.45%), whereas the weak wind speed in the warm season increased (4.54%). A possible cause of the weakened and strengthened winds in cold and warm seasons, respectively, is shown to be the effects in the lower‐tropospheric pressure‐gradient force accompanied by pronounced warming.
Pharmacophore Alignment Search Tool (PhAST): Significance Assessment of Chemical Similarity
Authors: Hähnke Volker , Rupp Matthias , Hartmann Alexander K. , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPreviously, we proposed a ligand‐based virtual screening technique (PhAST) based on global alignment of linearized interaction patterns. Here, we applied techniques developed for similarity assessment in local sequence alignments to our method resulting in p‐values for chemical similarity. We compared two sampling strategies, a simple sampling strategy and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, and investigated the similarity of sampled distributions to Gaussian, Gumbel, modified Gumbel, and Gamma distributions. The Gumbel distribution with a Gaussian correction term was identified as the most similar to the observed empirical distributions. These techniques were applied in retrospective screenings on a drug‐like dataset. Obtained p‐values were adjusted to the size of the screening library with four different methods. Evaluation of E‐value thresholds corroborated the Bonferroni correction as a preferred means to identify significant chemical similarity with PhAST. An online version of PhAST with significance estimation is available at	http://modlab‐cadd.ethz.ch/.
A nonconforming quadrilateral element with maximal inf‐sup constant
Authors: Jeon Youngmok , Nam Hyun , Sheen Dongwoo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new nonconforming element is introduced for quadrilateral meshes. The element is designed to maximize the inf‐sup constant for a Stokes element pair. Numerical results are presented and we observe that the maximizing inf‐sup constant results in efficiency of computing time. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 12‐132, 2014
Speech recognition and frequency of hearing loss in patients treated for cancer in childhood
Authors: Liberman Patrícia Helena Pecora , Schultz Christiane , Goffi‐Gomez Maria Valéria Schmidt , Lopes Luiz Fernando 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to characterize the audiological profile accompanying oncological treatment in patients who had cancer in childhood and had been free of oncological treatment for at least 8 years. Our main interest lay in identifying the affected frequencies that interfered with speech intelligibility (SI) in those who had acquired hearing loss after treatment.ProcedureTwo hundred patients who had cancer in childhood were evaluated. Diagnosis was made at the mean age of 6 years old, and hearing evaluation was performed at a mean age of 21 years. Fifty‐one of these patients received chemotherapy without cisplatin, carboplatin or head and neck radiotherapy; 64 received cisplatin without head and neck radiotherapy; 75 received head and neck radiotherapy without cisplatin; and 10 received both head and neck radiotherapy and cisplatin chemotherapy. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry.ResultsPatients who had hearing loss primarily had bilateral symmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Although the average SI for ears with hearing loss in the frequency range from 4 to 8 kHz was normal, the Kruskall–Wallis test showed a significant difference between ears without hearing loss and those with hearing loss between 4 and 8 kHz. The average SI score in ears with hearing loss between 1 and 8 kHz was significantly different from all other ears.ConclusionsHearing loss involving frequencies at and above 4 kHz determines a decline in SI. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1709–1713. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A literature review of the social and psychological needs of ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: Roland Katherine B. , Rodriguez Juan L. , Patterson Jennifer Rees , Trivers Katrina F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and comprehensively present the psychosocial needs of ovarian cancer (OvCa) survivors, including young survivors <45 years of age.MethodsA literature review was conducted using keywords specific to psychosocial health and OvCa survivorship to identify peer‐reviewed, original research articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2010; 28 articles were identified as relevant. Articles were abstracted and results categorized according to six psychosocial domains: quality of life (QoL), social support and relationships, self‐image and sexual functioning, psychological distress and functioning, fear of death/recurrence, and personal growth and coping. Findings unique to young survivors are presented when applicable. Psychosocial measurement tools used in relevant studies are also presented.ResultsPhysical complications and side effec	ts have significant impact on OvCa survivors' psychosocial health. Access to social support services and relational support is critical, as feelings of isolation are common. Survivors report low levels of sexual activity and satisfaction, potentially causing strain on personal relationships, and survivors experience high levels of distress, depression, and anxiety. However, QoL can improve after diagnosis for some OvCa survivors, many of whom report spiritual growth and strengthened personal relationships. Younger survivors are likely to have greater distress and lower QoL compared with older survivors.ConclusionsOvCa is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers, greatly impacting the psychosocial health of survivors. Increased awareness of psychosocial health among OvCa survivors themselves, their social support system, and their health care providers is necessary to adequately address their unique needs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Advances in Thermokarst Research
Authors: Kokelj S. V. , Jorgenson M. T. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe term thermokarst describes the processes and landforms that involve collapse of the land surface as a result of the melting of ground ice. We review the literature that has contributed to our understanding of patterns, processes and feedbacks, and the environmental consequences of thermokarst, focusing on hillslope, thaw lake and wetland processes. Advances in remote sensing techniques, and their application in a broad suite of change detection studies, indicate recent increases in the rates and magnitude of thermokarst including retrogressive thaw slumping, lake expansion and the transformation of frozen peatlands to collapsed wetlands. Field‐based studies and modelling have enhanced the knowledge of processes and feedbacks associated with warming permafrost, changes in talik geometry and accelerated thaw slump activity, and thaw lake expansion. Hydrological processes can strongly influence the rates of thaw lake and gully development, and the degradation of frozen peatlands. Field studies and calibrated modelling efforts that investigate the drivers of thermokarst and test conceptual ideas of landscape evolution will be critical to further advance the prediction of landscape and ecosystem change. Thermokarst research provides an important context for studying the environmental implications of permafrost degradation. Hillslope thermokarst can alter the water quality of lakes and streams with implications for aquatic ecosystems. Investigation of the interactions between thermokarst and hydrologic and ecological processes has improved knowledge of the feedbacks that accelerate change or lead to stabilisation in terrestrial and thaw lake environments. Finally, the influence of permafrost thaw on soil carbon dynamics will be an important focus of thermokarst research because of feedbacks with the global climate system. Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013.
Enzalutamide, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, induces tumor regression in a mouse model of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Guerrero Javier , Alfaro Iván E. , Gómez Francisco , Protter Andrew A. , Bernales Sebastián 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzalutamide (formerly MDV3100 and available commercially as Xtandi®), a novel androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor, blocks the growth of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in cellular model systems and was shown in a clinical study to increase survival in patients with metastatic CRPC. Enzalutamide inhibits multiple steps of AR signaling: binding of androgens to AR, AR nuclear translocation, and association of AR with DNA. Here, we investigate the effects of enzalutamide on AR signaling, AR‐dependent gene expression and cell apoptosis.METHODSThe expression of AR target gene prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was measured in LnCaP and C4‐2 cells. AR nuclear translocation was assessed in HEK‐293 cells stably transfected with AR‐yellow fluorescent protein. The in vivo effects of enzalutamide were determined in a mouse xenograft model of CRPC. Differential gene expression in LNCaP cells was measured using Affymetrix human genome microarray technology.RESULTSWe found that unlike bicalutamide, enzalutamide lacked AR agonistic activity at effective doses and did not induce PSA expression or AR nuclear translocation. Additionally, it is more effective than bicalutamide at inhibiting agonist‐induced AR nuclear translocation. Enzalutamide induced the regression of tumor volume in a CRPC xenograft model and apoptosis in AR‐over‐expressing prostate cancer cells. Finally, gene expression profiling in LNCaP cells indicated that enzalutamide opposes agonist‐induced changes in genes involved in processes such as cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that enzalutamide efficiently inhibits AR signaling, and we suggest that its lack of AR agonist activity may be important for these effects. Prostate 73:1291–1305, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge Density of Intra‐ and Intermolecular Halogen Contacts
Authors: Wang Ruimin , Dols Thomas S. , Lehmann Christian W. , Englert Ulli 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRemarkably short contacts involving halogen atoms, although well documented decades ago, have recently found increasing interest as potentially relevant in the context of crystal engineering. X‐ray diffraction data of sufficient quality and resolution allow to experimentally determine the charge density in crystals featuring such contacts and hence to associate this observable quantity with effects of molecular packing. Results from charge density studies covering interhalogen contacts over a distance range significantly shorter and considerably longer than mere van‐der‐Waals contacts are reported, and their relevance for the crystal chemistry of the compounds under investigation is discussed. A first trend for intra‐ and intermolecular Cl···Cl interactions indicates that the shortest among these contacts, with a distance of ca. 3.2 Å, can compete with weak hydrogen bonds.
SPIN90 dephosphorylation is required for cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization in NMDA-stimulated hippocampal neurons
Authors: Cho In Ha , Lee Min Jung , Kim Dae Hwan , Kim Bora , Bae Jeomil , Choi Kyu Yeong , Kim Seon-Myung , Huh Yun Hyun , Lee Kun Ho , Kim Chong-Hyun , Song Woo Keun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractActin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of spine morphology (both shrinkage and enlargement) upon synaptic activation. In particular, actin depolymerization is crucial for the spine shrinkage in NMDAR-mediated synaptic depression. Here, we define the role of SPIN90 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in regulating actin depolymerization via modulation of cofilin activity. When neurons were treated with NMDA, SPIN90 was dephosphorylated by STEP61 (striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) and translocated from the spines to the dendritic shafts. In addition, phosphorylated SPIN90 bound cofilin and then inhibited cofilin activity, suggesting that SPIN90 dephosphorylation is a prerequisite step for releasing cofilin so that cofilin can adequately sever actin filaments into monomeric form. We found that SPIN90 YE, a phosphomimetic mutant, remained in the spines after NMDAR activation where it bound cofilin, thereby effectively preventing actin depolymerization. This led to inhibition of the activity-dependent redistribution of cortactin and drebrin A, as well as of the morphological changes in the spines that underlie synaptic plasticity. These findings indicate that NMDA-induced SPIN90 dephosphorylation and translocation initiates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and spine shrinkage within dendritic spines, thereby modulating synaptic activity.