bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tablets (Du) and Passages (Zhang): the Material Conditions for the Formation of Early Short Passage Texts
Authors: Xu Jianwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Several studies have addressed the question of whether the people of early China wrote with thin bamboo strips held in their hands or whether they wrote with the support of flat desks. However, scholars have not addressed the distinction between jian (bamboo strips) and larger du (wooden tablets) in everyday writing. In early China, tablets would be held in the hand to write, while strips would be laid flat on a writing desk. Tablets were the main medium of everyday writing during the period spanning the pre-Qin and Western and Eastern Han dynasties. In the drafting of various literary texts, taking court records, and taking classroom notes, tablets were the primary writing medium. Among written materials from before the Western Han dynasty, duan zhang (short passages) were the most common style of writing, and most texts were composed of short passages. Among the early Chinese manuscripts that have been unearthed, short passages are also very common. However, almost no one has raised the question of why a documentary system dominated by short passages was formed in the pre-Qin and Western and Eastern Han dynasties period. The number of characters that a writing tablet can accommodate essentially coincides with the number of characters in short passages in early Chinese manuscripts. In view of its wide use, I propose that the formation of the short passage form was potentially influenced by the material writing medium of the tablet.
Exploring the suitability of Hermetia illucens meal in Clarias magur catfish: effect on growth, physiology and flesh quality
Authors: Thomas A.J. , Khogen Singh S. , Debbarma R. , Angom J. , Waikhom G. , Patel A.B. , Biswas P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of substituting Hermetia illucens (HI) meal for fish meal (FM) on the growth performance, survival rate, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, immunological function, and flesh quality of Clarias magur (average weight = 3.3 ± 0.05 g) is investigated in this work. Four iso-nitrogenous diets with 35% crude protein were formulated, each with varying levels of HI substitution: HI25%, HI50%, HI75%, and HI100%, then compared to a control diet (HI0%). Following a 90-day experiment, it was observed that the growth performance and feed efficiency were significantly improved at the 50% level (). However, the control group exhibited greater levels of digestive enzymes, specifically protease and lipase activity. The fish’s health status remained unaffected by the substitution of fishmeal, while the 50% HI group showed significant improvements. The high levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, as well as the metabolic product MDA, suggested enhanced antioxidant activity in the groups that received HI inclusion. However, as the substitution level reached 100%, the quality of the flesh decreased, as indicated by increased lipid and adhesiveness, as well as decreased L* and WI (). The findings of the study suggest that HI larvae can replace FM in diet of C. magur. Overall, at 50% level of HI larvae meal inclusion in diet, better growth and immune function was evident, but it does lead to a decrease in flesh quality. This study enhances the existing knowledge on substituting fish meal with insect meal in catfish that are of regional importance. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for additional investigation to examine the underlying mechanisms employing biotechnological approaches.
A bibliographic account on entomophagy in India: past records, recent trends and future prospects (1945-2023)
Authors: Bhadra P. , Muni N. , Borah S. , Chakravorty J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of insects as’ food and feed’ is rapidly increasing due to global population growth and rising food demands. Over the past few decades, this immediate popularity of edible insects has led to a substantial upsurge in research publications on edible insects. The present study aimed to bibliographically analyze the status of work done on edible insects throughout India and provide its comprehensive review. Articles published from 1945 to December 2023 were retrieved from Scopus and non-Scopus databases using web search engines like Google Scholar and PubMed using keywords such as ‘entomophagy,’ ‘food insects,’ and ‘edible insects.’ These were then analyzed based on publication category, leading authors and publishers, active states, and journals. Between 1945 and 2023, 219 articles on entomophagy in India were published by Indian authors. This analysis highlights the historical inclusion of insects in Indian diets, particularly among ethnic communities in the North-East Region (NER), and identifies key researchers advancing this field. The findings indicate that India has the potential to become a hub for insect supplement manufacturing. Current research shows a unidirectional focus, emphasizing the need for greater collaboration among Indian researchers to drive further progress. This study serves as a pioneering effort in performing a bibliographic analysis of publications on edible insects in India and assessing the progress this practice has made in terms of consumer acceptance and its future development as a promising food resource.
A study on the differences in edible insect taxonomy groups habitually consumed by people in different regions of China
Authors: Qian Y. , Fometu S.S. , Ma L. , Zhao M. , Wu G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A combination of questionnaires and field research was employed to investigate the types, characteristics, preferences, and socio-cultural of insect consumption among diverse groups across various regions of China, with particular emphasis on the types and characteristics of insects consumed in different localities. Findings indicated notable differences in the edible insect preferences among populations in distinct geographical areas. The insect taxonomic groups frequently consumed in China are primarily Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera – examples of such insects include locusts and domestic silkworm pupae. People in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and other regions consume bamboo worms, wasp pupae, and other insects. Insect farming, including yellow mealworms, is prominent in Shandong Province. In the three northeastern provinces, people frequently consume silkworm pupae, ants, and dragonflies. In Yunnan and Guizhou, people preferred bamboo worms and wasp pupae. Deep-frying and stir-frying emerged as the predominant cooking methods for edible insects, while newer approaches like barbecue are becoming increasingly popular. Additionally, our research highlighted that several factors, such as local customs, regional traditions, and economic conditions, shape individuals’ perspectives on edible insects.
Re-Framing (South) African Youth Ministry
Authors: Aziz Garth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Youth ministry, as understood in an African context, is predominantly informed, and guided by a Western/European philosophy and hegemony. African youth ministry, it seems, is struggling to break away from the hegemony of the developed world, a hegemony that is not always compatible with the developing world (Africa, in this instance) and that also fails to deal with its problems. There has been renewed energy shown by the youth on the African continent, calling for a decolonial conversation, which, ideally, should also include theology and youth ministry. The #feesmustfall and #rhodesmustfall campaigns in South Africa have proven that the youth in the developing world remain a dominant voice for justice and transformation in spheres controlled by the adult community, those who are traditionally in power and who hold a philosophy that is often vastly different from the youth and the world that they inhabit. In a sense, one can argue that the actions in the calling for justice and transformation of the youth are indeed prophetic. This article will argue that the youth from emerging nations, such as those in Africa, have the agency to make a profound difference in (public) areas where there is injustice, thus offering a message of hope. This means of agency amongst the youth in the public domain is an expression of how youth ministry should not restrict itself to the clerical and ecclesial domains, but also how they ought to act in the public domain in applying public practical theology. Furthermore, this article argues, as a public practical theology, there is a need to build a theological theory, which is local and distinct from the Western/European context, to further the prophetic actions of the youth. The twofold aim of this article will be achieved through a theoretical approach with reflections on contemporary actions of, particularly, South African youth.
Youth Ministry as a Third Ecclesial Logic?
Authors: Norheim Bård , Sandsmark Astrid , Rystad Linn Sæbø , Tveitereid Knut 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents the main findings of a three-year-long research project (2020–2023) on post-confirmation leadership training in the Church of Norway. One of the project’s key findings was that the practice of leadership training is characterized by experiences of ambiguity. Interestingly, the interactive and relational learning and development of faith within the practice are both challenged and promoted by these complex traits of ambiguity. For those who participate in leadership training, their faith and relationship with the church seem to be strengthened by the richness of the practice. Drawing on the findings from this research project and engaging other relevant research and theory on youth ministry, the article explores how experiences and patterns of ambiguity may be negotiated in a youth ministry context. With the help of pedagogical and theological theory, it further discusses dilemmas and possibilities pertaining to youth ministry`s situatedness between intentionality and institutionality, suggesting that youth ministry may operate as a sort of strategic, third ecclesial logic.
China: 2023 Revision to China’s Marine Environment Protection Law: Interpretations and Implications
Authors: Shi Yubing , Zhuang Yuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On 24 October 2023, the 6th Session of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People’s Congress published the newly revised Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic China (“2023 Revised China’s mepl”), which became effective on 1 January 2024. Compared with the previous version, the 2023 Revised China’s mepl mainly involves four changes. Firstly, the 2023 Revised China’s mepl clarifies the legislative purpose and basic principles; secondly, it further strengthens the government’s supervision and control over the marine environment; thirdly, it improves the system design of marine environmental management; fourthly, it incorporates stricter legal liability for violations. It is expected that the 2023 Revised China’s mepl will not only help China address many environmental problems and fulfill its legal obligations under treaties with respect to the marine environment, but also contribute to the advancement of global ocean governance. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that further efforts are necessary to achieve the legislative objectives of the 2023 Revised China’s mepl.
Improving Labour Laws in Ghana: An Analysis of Collective Bargaining Agreements
Authors: Kwarteng Abdul Hamid , Bawa Joseph , Koduah Ken Kwaku Tweneboah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Collective bargaining agreements are the internationally recognised tool used to create a peaceful platform for employers and employees to come to the negotiation table and address their concerns peacefully. However, the Ghanaian labour setting is charaterised by constant agitations between employers and their employees, hence the concern of the study. The research methodology used in this article is qualitative, using specific research tools such as the descriptive method, dialectical materialism, analytical, and synthesis method. The findings of the article reveal that the Ghanaian labour laws contained in the Labour Act 2003 (Act 651) on collective bargaining agreements are defective mostly in its formulation, execution, and application. Among other defects, the Labour Act 2003 is too vague with no clear timelines. In this regard, the study recommends effective solutions on how to deal with these defective laws so as to ensure a cordial relationship between these two labour parties in Ghana.
Fifty Years After
Authors: Giraudier Elodie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chile experienced an unprecedented crisis in the early 1970s and some civilian groups started supporting a “military solution” which occurred on September 11, 1973. Parallels between 1970s Chile and 2020s United States can be drawn in terms of democratic tradition, polarization, private armed groups, and middle-class support of democracy. While the South American country experienced a democratic breakdown in South America, the process is ongoing in the North. This article discusses analogies between both countries and explains which lessons can be learned to protect the U.S. democracy.
“The Mother of All Collapses”
Authors: Orsag Mark Andrew , McKinney Amanda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Utilizing the complex systems scholarship of Ugo Bardi as well as potentially informative, but always imprecise, historical analogy, this article examines the unraveling of the Roman Empire. In Bardi’s view, this “Mother of All Collapses” is a potentially powerful warning for our twenty-first-century globalized planet. Our work situates a key collapse “tipping point” for Ancient Rome’s Mare Nostrum (Our Sea)-centered civilization at “The Alexander Moment”—the assassination of Emperor Alexander Severus in 235 CE. Ancient and modern analogues and potential key differences, in terms of both exacerbating and dampening types of interacting feedback, are identified and analyzed.
The Gender of Race
Authors: Renault Matthieu , Elston-Leadbetter Lily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article reveals the influence Simone de Beauvoir’s writings had on Frantz Fanon, even though Fanon never cites Beauvoir’s views and even seems to try hard to hide any intellectual lineage with Beauvoir. Clarifying the motives of this “disappearance” is necessary not only for understanding Fanon’s oeuvre, but also for appreciating the connections between, which are also a co-emergence of, feminism and anticolonialism-antiracism in the years following World War II.
مكتبة جابر بن حيّان: نقل المعرفة العلميّة-الفلسفيّة العتيقة المتأخّرة (وابتكارها) في أعمال جابر بن حيّان
Authors: كابيزوني ليوناردو 
Published: July 2024

المستخلص
‫أنتجت جماعة الكيميائيّين الشيعة المقترنين باسم جابر بن حيّان مجموعة مهمّة من الأعمال التي عادةً ما تنسبها الدارسات إلى القرن الرابع/العاشر. يُذكر فيها، في كثير من الأحيان، كتّاب وأعمال من التراث الفلسفيّ في العصور العتيقة المتأخّرة، ويُنسب إليهم اهتمام خاصّ بالكيمياء. وقد بيّن العمل الإبداعيّ لبول كراوس (Paul Kraus) أنّ هذه الأعمال منسوبةٌ لغير أصحابها أو مسروقة، ولكن يبدو أنّها أوجدت نظامًا مرجعيًّا موثوقًا به لأولئك الذين يعملون في الوسط الكيميائيّ حينها، نظامًا قادرًا على ضمان سلطة البنيات النظريّة التي تنادي بها الجماعة الجابريّة. تسعى هذه الورقة إلى تحليل الديناميكيّات الثقافيّة الكامنة وراء تداول النصوص المزيّفة وفهمها، وذلك عن طريق دراسة الرسائل الخاصّة بموضوع يجمع بين الطموحات العلميّة للجماعة الجابريّة والتزامهم السياسيّ الدينيّ الشيعيّ، وهو التوليد الاصطناعيّ. في الواقع، إنّ الهدف الجابريّ هو ابتكار مخلوق مخبريّ ناموسيِّ الطباع قادر على ملء فراغ الإمام المغيّب. وتركّز الورقة على كتاب النواميس المنسوب إلى أفلاطون، وعلى فرفوريوس وغيره من المرجعيّات اليونانيّة القديمة، وكيفيّة تمثيلهم أساسًا فلسفيًّا-علميًّا صالحًا وموثوقًا ضمن الرؤية المعرفيّة الجابريّة التي تصوّر الكيمياء في خدمة مشروع سياسيّ مسيانيّ.‬
Some Observations on the ‘Ambulatory’ Nature of the Normal Baseline
Authors: Soons Alfred 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
From the start of the discussion about the implications of sea level rise for the entitlements of coastal States to maritime jurisdictional zones, the question of the interpretation of Art. 5 unclos (and the corresponding rule of customary international law) on the ‘normal’ baseline of the territorial sea became an essential element of the debate. The then generally accepted interpretation of Art. 5 assumed that this normal baseline, viz., the low-water line along the coast, when physically moving as a result of sea level rise, would have the effect of also moving the outer limits of the maritime zones. This interpretation became known as the ‘ambulatory’ baseline, and was inter alia adopted by the ila Committee on Baselines in the Law of the Sea and the ila Committee on Sea Level Rise and International law.
However, this interpretation has recently been challenged by a few authors, as well as, more importantly, by some States. This contribution briefly examines State practice, and concludes that the normal baseline of the territorial sea is indeed ‘ambulatory’ under the current law as reflected in Art. 5 unclos. However, a significant change in the interpretation (and application) of this provision is developing in State practice, to the effect that coastal States affected by sea level rise should be allowed to maintain their current normal baselines, as determined in accordance with the provisions of unclos, notwithstanding future changes to the low-water line.
If this changed interpretation is not also reflected in a change of the text of Art. 5 (which would involve an amendment of unclos under its articles 312 or 313), we may be witnessing an example of tacit amendment (modification) of a treaty provision by subsequent practice. At the same time the relevant rule of customary international law would then be changed as well.
Dispute Settlement Provisions in the Agreement for Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Mossop Joanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores the dispute settlement provisions of the New Agreement for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction (the bbnj Agreement). The history of the discussions behind many of the key features of article 60, are explained. These included whether to allow compulsory dispute settlement, exclusions from jurisdiction and how non-Parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) would be covered. The article concludes with some possible issues that may arise when the articles are put into practice.
Framework for integrated multi-scale computational fluid dynamics simulations in natural ventilation design
Authors: Kalua Amos , Jones James , Battaglia Francine , Grant Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

The wind flow field constitutes an important input parameter for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations that are used in architectural design for the design and analysis of natural ventilation strategies. Despite indications that the wind flow field may vary between places, CFD simulations that do not adequately account for this potential variation are still commonplace. This may significantly compromise the integrity and accuracy of the CFD simulations. This study was a two-pronged investigation with the ultimate objective of contributing towards efforts aimed at improving the accuracy of the CFD simulations. Firstly, a framework for integrated meso-scale and micro-scale CFD simulations was developed. Secondly, the newly developed framework was then implemented by deploying it to study the variation of the wind flow field between a reference meteorological station, and a selected local building site. The findings confirmed the indications that the wind flow field might vary spatially. The integrated multi-scale framework that was developed as part of the study was not only able to capture the wind flow field variation, but it also provided a way to quantify it, ultimately, leading to the generation of a more accurate wind flow field characterization representative of the local conditions. Through its ability to integrate multiple spatial scales that typically influence one another, this framework can help to enhance the accuracy and integrity of the CFD simulations that are used for natural ventilation design. Practical application: The findings from this study can be particularly useful when undertaking spatially integrated CFD simulations to design and analyse natural ventilation strategies in the building design process.
Accurate EVSI Estimation for Nonlinear Models Using the Gaussian Approximation Method
Authors: Li Linke , Jalal Hawre , Heath Anna 
Published: July 2024

Background The expected value of sample information (EVSI) measures the expected benefits that could be obtained by collecting additional data. Estimating EVSI using the traditional nested Monte Carlo method is computationally expensive, but the recently developed Gaussian approximation (GA) approach can efficiently estimate EVSI across different sample sizes. However, the conventional GA may result in biased EVSI estimates if the decision models are highly nonlinear. This bias may lead to suboptimal study designs when GA is used to optimize the value of different studies. Therefore, we extend the conventional GA approach to improve its performance for nonlinear decision models. Methods Our method provides accurate EVSI estimates by approximating the conditional expectation of the benefit based on 2 steps. First, a Taylor series approximation is applied to estimate the conditional expectation of the benefit as a function of the conditional moments of the parameters of interest using a spline, which is fitted to the samples of the parameters and the corresponding benefits. Next, the conditional moments of parameters are approximated by the conventional GA and Fisher information. The proposed approach is applied to several data collection exercises involving non-Gaussian parameters and nonlinear decision models. Its performance is compared with the nested Monte Carlo method, the conventional GA approach, and the nonparametric regression-based method for EVSI calculation. Results The proposed approach provides accurate EVSI estimates across different sample sizes when the parameters of interest are non-Gaussian and the decision models are nonlinear. The computational cost of the proposed method is similar to that of other novel methods. Conclusions The proposed approach can estimate EVSI across sample sizes accurately and efficiently, which may support researchers in determining an economically optimal study design using EVSI. Highlights The Gaussian approximation method efficiently estimates the expected value of sample information (EVSI) for clinical trials with varying sample sizes, but it may introduce bias when health economic models have a nonlinear structure. We introduce the spline-based Taylor series approximation method and combine it with the original Gaussian approximation to correct the nonlinearity-induced bias in EVSI estimation. Our approach can provide more precise EVSI estimates for complex decision models without sacrificing computational efficiency, which can enhance the resource allocation strategies from the cost-effective perspective.