bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of genes involved in the jasmonate biosynthetic and signaling pathways in mulberry (Morus notabilis)
Authors: Wang Qing , Ma Bi , Qi Xiwu , Guo Qing , Wang Xuwei , Zeng Qiwei , He Ningjia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractJasmonate (JA) is an important phytohormone regulating growth, development, and environmental response in plants, particularly defense response against herbivorous insects. Recently, completion of the draft genome of the mulberry (Morus notabilis) in conjunction with genome sequencing of silkworm (Bombyx mori) provides an opportunity to study this unique plant‐herbivore interaction. Here, we identified genes involved in JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways in the genome of mulberry for the first time, with the majority of samples showing a tissue‐biased expression pattern. The analysis of the representative genes 12‐oxophytodienoic acid reductase (OPRs) and jasmonate ZIM‐domain (JAZs) was performed and the results indicated that the mulberry genome contains a relatively small number of JA biosynthetic and signaling pathway genes. A gene encoding an important repressor, MnNINJA, was identified as an alternative splicing variant lacking an ethylene‐responsive element binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression motif. Having this fundamental information will facilitate future functional study of JA‐related genes pertaining to mulberry‐silkworm interactions.
Comparative proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal mechanisms of improved cold stress tolerance in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) by exogenous calcium
Authors: Shi Haitao , Ye Tiantian , Zhong Bao , Liu Xun , Chan Zhulong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAs an important second messenger, calcium is involved in plant cold stress response, including chilling (<20 °C) and freezing (<0 °C). In this study, exogenous application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) improved both chilling and freezing stress tolerances, while ethylene glycol‐bis‐(β‐aminoethyl) ether‐N,N,N,N‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA) reversed CaCl2 effects in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.). Physiological analyses showed that CaCl2 treatment alleviated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and cell damage triggered by chilling stress, via activating antioxidant enzymes, non‐enzymatic glutathione antioxidant pool, while EGTA treatment had the opposite effects. Additionally, comparative proteomic analysis identified 51 differentially expressed proteins that were enriched in redox, tricarboxylicacid cycle, glycolysis, photosynthesis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, and amino acid metabolisms. Consistently, 42 metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were regulated by CaCl2 treatment under control and cold stress conditions, further confirming the common modulation of CaCl2 treatment in carbon metabolites and amino acid metabolism. Taken together, this study reported first evidence of the essential and protective roles of endogenous and exogenous calcium in bermudagrass response to cold stress, partially via activation of the antioxidants and modulation of several differentially expressed proteins and metabolic homeostasis in the process of cold acclimation.
Legal Investor Protection and Takeovers
Authors: BURKART MIKE , GROMB DENIS , MUELLER HOLGER M. , PANUNZI FAUSTO 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role of legal investor protection for the efficiency of the market for corporate control when bidders are financially constrained. In the model, stronger legal investor protection increases bidders' outside funding capacity. However, absent effective bidding competition, this does not improve efficiency, as the bid price, and thus bidders' need for funds, increases one‐for‐one with the pledgeable income. In contrast, under effective competition for the target, the increased outside funding capacity improves efficiency by making it less likely that more efficient but less wealthy bidders are outbid by less efficient but wealthier rivals.
Risk assessment of lymph node metastasis before surgery in endometrial cancer: Do we need a clinical trial for low‐risk patients?
Authors: Kang Sokbom , Todo Yukiharu , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDue to advances of radiological imaging and tumor biomarkers, the extent of information provided by preoperative assessment is rapidly growing. The Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) recently proposed new preoperative criteria to identify patients at low risk for lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. In the multicenter study, serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels and three magnetic resonance imaging parameters were found to be independent risk factors for nodal metastasis, and classified 53% of patients as part of a low‐risk group. The false‐negative predictive value (NPV) was 1.7%, and was 1.4% in the validation set. Furthermore, the KGOG low‐risk criteria were validated in 319 Japanese patients with endometrial cancer. The criteria identified 181 of 319 patients as a low‐risk group (51%), and three false‐negative cases were found (1.9%). These results indicate that we are able to identify low‐risk patients with a negligible NPV before surgery. In addition, the low false NPV implies that there is great difficulty in performing a randomized trial to determine the efficacy of routine lymphadenectomy in patients at low risk of lymph node metastasis. Based on these data, the challenges and possible solutions for developing a consensus on the optimized management of low‐risk endometrial cancer will be discussed in this review.
Rare case of peritoneal complete hydatidiform mole
Authors: Ota Hajime , Oda Chikara , Hayashi Masaki , Mikoshiba Takao , Kushima Miki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA 23‐year‐old woman, gravida 1, para 1, was transferred to our hospital with acute lower abdominal pain and vital signs consistent with shock. Her urine concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin was 8000 mIU/mL. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed an echo‐free space with mosaic echo pattern in the right adnexal area and no gestational sac in the uterus. With a preoperative diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy, emergency laparotomy was performed. The rectouterine pouch was filled with many clots containing small amounts of villous tissue. After removal of the conceptus, which was infiltrating into the peritoneum of the Pouch of Douglas, bleeding was controlled by Argon laser. Histological examination of the conceptus by immunohistochemical staining with p57kip2 showed features of complete hydatidiform mole. This case demonstrates that the peritoneum in the Pouch of Douglas is a possible site of ectopic complete hydatidiform mole occurrence and that immunohistochemical stain is useful to confirm the diagnosis of ectopic complete hydatidiform mole.
Massive perivillous fibrin deposition in the placenta and uterine metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma during pregnancy
Authors: Jeong Bada , Shim Jae‐Yoon , Kim Chong Jai , Won Hye‐Sung , Lee Pil Ryang , Kim Ahm 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe prognosis of gastric cancer during pregnancy is unfavorable because of delayed diagnosis and advanced stage. We present a case of gastric carcinoma metastasized to the placenta and uterus during pregnancy. Pathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach with lymph node metastasis. After counseling, the patient decided to terminate the pregnancy and begin immediate treatment for gastric cancer. Hysterectomy and subtotal hysterectomy were performed because medical termination of the pregnancy was unsuccessful. Pathological examination of the placenta and uterus revealed metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma. All the uterine vessels were packed with tumor cells and the myometrium showed extensive coagulative necrosis. Moreover, microscopic findings of the placenta were consistent with massive perivillous fibrin deposition. Our case clearly suggests that massive perivillous fibrin deposition in the placenta can be associated with malignancy during pregnancy and that uterine metastasis of maternal malignancy may result in myometrial dysfunction unresponsive to uterotonics.
Physiopathology of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Szalat R. , Pirault J. , Fermand J.‐P. , Carrié A. , Saint‐Charles F. , Olivier M. , Robillard P. , Frisdal E. , Villard E. F. , Cathébras P. , Bruckert E. , Chapman M. John , Giral P. , Guerin M. , Lesnik P. , Goff W. Le 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRationaleXanthomatosis associated with monoclonal gammopathy includes hyperlipidaemic xanthoma (HX), normolipidaemic xanthoma (NX) and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG). All three pathologies are characterized by skin or visceral lesions related to cholesterol accumulation, monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg) and hypocomplementemia. The pathophysiology underlying NXG remains unknown although the involvement of MIg is suspected.ObjectiveTo provide further insights into the pathophysiology of NXG, we evaluated the plasma lipid phenotype, mechanisms involved in cellular cholesterol accumulation and role of MIg in an analysis of blood and plasma markers of inflammation in 16 patients with xanthomatosis [NXG (n = 8) and NX (n = 8)] associated with monoclonal IgG relative to the relevant controls.ResultsThe lipid profile of patients with NXG was characterized by a low HDL‐C phenotype and an abnormal distribution of HDL particles. Sera from patients with NXG induced cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages. This accumulation was due in part to a significant reduction in the HDL capacity to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which was not found in the case of NX. The MIg of NXG and NX patients was tested positively by ELISA to recognize a large spectrum of lipoproteins. High plasma levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL‐6), soluble cytokine receptors (sIL‐6R, sTNFRI and sTNFRII), adhesion molecules (VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1) and chemokines (MCP‐1, IL‐8 and MIP‐1α) were observed in both patients with NXG and NX, revealing a specific xanthoma inflammatory signature which was inversely correlated with plasma levels of anti‐inflammatory HDL. However, patients with NXG were distinguished by elevated levels of IL‐15 and a marked increase in the rate of intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes.ConclusionThis study revealed that NXG is characterized by impaired macrophage lipid homeostasis associated with a systemic inflammatory profile that may result from the interaction of MIg and lipoproteins.
The Concept of Mental Toughness: Tests of Dimensionality, Nomological Network, and Traitness
Authors: Gucciardi Daniel F. , Hanton Sheldon , Gordon Sandy , Mallett Clifford J. , Temby Philip 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMental toughness has received increased scholarly attention in recent years, yet conceptual issues related to its (a) dimensionality, (b) nomological network, and (c) traitness remain unresolved. The series of studies reported in this article were designed to examine these three substantive issues across several achievement contexts, including sport, education, military, and the workplace. Five studies were conducted to examine these research aims—Study 1: N = 30; Study 2: calibration sample (n = 418), tertiary students (n = 500), athletes (n = 427), and employees (n = 550); Study 3: N = 497 employees; Study 4: N = 203 tertiary students; Study 5: N = 115 army candidates. Collectively, the results of these studies revealed that mental toughness may be best conceptualized as a unidimensional rather than a multidimensional concept; plays an important role in performance, goal progress, and thriving despite stress; and can vary and have enduring properties across situations and time. This series of studies provides a foundation for further basic and applied research of mental toughness across various achievement contexts.
Nonexclusivity, Linear Pricing, and Annuity Market Screening
Authors: Rothschild Casey 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTI develop a graphical approach for studying two‐type adverse‐selection insurance markets with (1) compulsory contracting, (2) linear pricing, (3) nonexclusive contracting, and (4) multiple indemnity states. The UK compulsory annuity market is a natural application. Despite fully linear pricing and nonexclusivity, screening of different types into distinct contracts—using the pattern of insurance payments across distinct indemnity states rather than quantity restrictions—is possible. Efficient screening involves distorting both types’ contracts away from first best contracts, for example, via front‐loaded annuities. These distortions are attributable to convexification constraints that I identify as the nonexclusive, linear‐pricing analog of canonical incentive compatibility constraints.
Optimal Investment and Premium Policies Under Risk Shifting and Solvency Regulation
Authors: Filipović Damir , Kremslehner Robert , Muermann Alexander 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLimited liability creates an incentive for insurers to increase the risk of the assets and liabilities at the expense of policyholders. We show that solvency capital requirements restrict the set of feasible investment and premium policies and can thereby improve efficiency under the risk‐shifting problem. This finding becomes particularly important in light of Solvency II, the forthcoming European risk‐based solvency regime for insurers. We provide evidence for Solvency II–related efficiency effects in a calibration study for a nonlife insurer average portfolio.
Dental service mix among older adults aged 65 and over, United States, 1999 and 2009
Authors: Manski Richard J. , Cohen Leonard A. , Brown Erwin , Carper Kelly V. , Vargas Clemencia , Macek Mark D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe oral health of older Americans will assume increasing importance because of their increasing numbers and the evolving connections between oral health and general health. To establish a baseline and provide data for oral health workforce models, this report describes the types of dental procedures received by US adults 65 years and older in 2009 and looks at trends since 1999.MethodsData for this analysis came from the 1999 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The primary outcome variable represented the types of dental procedures that were received during a dental visit in the preceding year. Descriptive variables included dental insurance and poverty status. Analysis was restricted to adults aged 65 and over.ResultsIn 2009, diagnostic and preventive procedures accounted for almost three‐quarters of all services. Compared with services received by those with private insurance, there were significantly fewer diagnostic and endodontic procedures among those with public coverage. Between 1999 and 2009, the proportion of preventive services significantly increased, whereas the proportion of restorative and endodontic services significantly decreased. Also, the likelihood of receiving preventive procedures increased, whereas the probability of receiving restorative or endodontic services decreased.ConclusionsFindings point to a shift in the mix of dental services received by older adults during the two periods. The predominance of diagnostic and preventive procedures has important access and workforce implications. An expanded role for dental hygienists in helping to meet the oral health needs of older adults is possible given a hygienist's current scope of practice.
Comparison of 4 Direct Coombs' Test Methods with Polyclonal Antiglobulins in Anemic and Nonanemic Dogs for In‐Clinic or Laboratory Use
Authors: Caviezel L.L. , Raj K. , Giger U. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundDifficulties with the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and its apparent lack of sensitivity and specificity for immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs have raised skepticism regarding its diagnostic value.ObjectiveTo compare differentDATs and other hematologic parameters in dogs.AnimalsAnticoagulated blood samples from 59 nonanemic and 46 anemic dogs (±IMHA) from a research colony and veterinary clinics.MethodsProspective observational study: Immunochromatographic strip, gel microcolumn, and capillary techniques were compared with standard microtiterDATusing 2 polyvalent antiglobulins. Spherocytosis, autoagglutination, osmotic fragility, and clinical data were assessed.ResultsBlood samples from all 59 nonanemic dogs wereDAT‐. Among 46 anemic dogs, 33 were suspected ofIMHA, but only 20 wereDAT+. Old and newDATmethods yielded comparable and consistent results even after storage of chilled blood samples for 1 week. Spherocytosis and autoagglutination (that did not persist after washing) were noted in 15 and 16DAT+ dogs, respectively. The other 26 anemic dogs, including 21 previously transfused dogs and 4 with autoagglutination, testedDAT‐ by the other methods. Osmotic fragility was increased in 70% (19/27) of anemic and all 15DAT+ dogs tested. Limited follow‐up testing revealedDAT+ results for 3–70 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe novel strip and capillaryDATmethods are promising adjunct in‐clinic tools. Despite prior immunosuppressive treatment and presence of autoagglutination, theDATwas positive in anemic dogs withIMHA. Transfusion did not cause falseDAT+ results. Our results supportDATas a cornerstone in the diagnosis of canineIMHA.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Assessment of Systolic Function in Dogs with Experimentally Induced Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Suzuki R. , Matsumoto H. , Teshima T. , Mochizuki Y. , Koyama H. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundSystolic dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. However, assessment of systolic variables by conventional echocardiographic methods is difficult in these dogs because of mitral regurgitation (MR).HypothesisWe hypothesized that assessment of systolic function by dobutamine stress may identify systolic dysfunction in dogs withMR, and that 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) could quantitatively evaluate myocardial function.AnimalsAnesthetized dogs with experimentally inducedMR.MethodsDogs were examined for systolic myocardial deformations using 2D‐STEduring dobutamine infusion before and 3 and 6 months afterMRinduction. We evaluated peak systolic rotation and rotation rate in each basal and apical view; peak systolic torsion and torsion rate were also calculated.ResultsInvasive peak positive first derivatives of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were significantly decreased in dogs 6 months after induction ofMRcompared with pre‐MRresults. After 3 and 6 months ofMR, dogs had diminished peak systolic torsion values and torsion rates in response to dobutamine infusion compared with pre‐MRresults (3 months,P < .001 andP = .006; 6 months,P = .003 andP = .021). These results were significantly correlated with overall invasive dp/dt (r = 0.644,P < .001;r = 0.696,P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDecreased torsion during dobutamine infusion in dogs withMRmay reflect latent systolic dysfunction. Dobutamine infusion, therefore, may be useful for the assessment of systolic function in dogs withMR.
True navigation in birds: from quantum physics to global migration
Authors: Holland R. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBirds are capable of true navigation, the ability to return to a known goal from a place they have never visited before. This is demonstrated most spectacularly during the vast migratory journeys made by these animals year after year, often between continents and occasionally global in nature. However, it remains one of the great unanswered questions in science, despite more than 50 years of research in this field. Nevertheless, the study of true navigation in birds has made significant advances in the previous 20 years, in part thanks to the integration of many disciplines outside its root in behavioural biology, to address questions of neurobiology, molecular aspects, and the physics of sensory systems and environmental cues involved in bird navigation, often involving quantum physics. However, true navigation remains a controversial field, with many conflicting and confusing results making interpretation difficult, particularly for those outside or new to the field. Unlike many general texts on migration, which avoid discussion of these issues, this review will present these conflicting findings and assess the state of the field of true navigation during bird migration.
Host plant richness explains diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Response to the comment of Tedersoo et al. (2014)
Authors: Gao Cheng , Shi Nan‐Nan , Liu Yue‐Xing , Zheng Yong , Ding Qiong , Mi Xiang‐Cheng , Ma Ke‐Ping , Wubet Tesfaye , Buscot François , Guo Liang‐Dong 
Published: January 2014

Exploring the relationships between the biodiversity of groups of interacting organisms yields insight into ecosystem stability and function (Hooper et al. ; Wardle ). We demonstrated positive relationships between host plant richness and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal diversity both in a field study in subtropical China (Gutianshan) and in a meta‐analysis of temperate and tropical studies (Gao et al. ). However, based on re‐evaluation of our data sets, Tedersoo et al. () argue that the observed positive correlation between EM fungal richness and EM plant richness at Gutianshan and also in our metastudies was based mainly from (i) a sampling design with inconsistent species pool and (ii) poor data compilation for the meta‐analysis. Accordingly, we checked our data sets and repeated the analysis performed by Tedersoo et al. (). In contrast to Tedersoo et al. (), our re‐analysis still confirms a positive effect of plant richness on EM fungal diversity in Gutianshan, temperate and tropical ecosystems, respectively.
The ancientBritons: groundwater fauna survived extreme climate change over tens of millions of years acrossNW Europe
Authors: McInerney Caitríona E. , Maurice Louise , Robertson Anne L. , Knight Lee R. F. D. , Arnscheidt Jörg , Venditti Chris , Dooley James S. G. , Mathers Thomas , Matthijs Severine , Eriksson Karin , Proudlove Graham S. , Hänfling Bernd 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlobal climate changes during theCenozoic (65.5–0 Ma) caused major biological range shifts and extinctions. In northernEurope, for example, a pattern of few endemics and the dominance of wide‐ranging species is thought to have been determined by thePleistocene (2.59–0.01 Ma) glaciations. This study, in contrast, reveals an ancient subsurface fauna endemic toBritain andIreland. Using aBayesian phylogenetic approach, we found that two species of stygobitic invertebrates (genusNiphargus) have not only survived the entirePleistocene in refugia but have persisted for at least 19.5 million years. OtherNiphargusspecies form distinct cryptic taxa that diverged from their nearest continental relative between 5.6 and 1.0 Ma. The study also reveals an unusual biogeographical pattern in theNiphargusgenus. It originated in north‐westEurope approximately 87 Ma and underwent a gradual range expansion. Phylogenetic diversity and species age are highest in north‐westEurope, suggesting resilience to extreme climate change and strongly contrasting the patterns seen in surface fauna. However, species diversity is highest in south‐eastEurope, indicating that once the genus spread to these areas (approximately 25 Ma), geomorphological and climatic conditions enabled much higher diversification. Our study highlights that groundwater ecosystems provide an important contribution to biodiversity and offers insight into the interactions between biological and climatic processes.