bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2013 FAO report on dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition: Recommendations and implications
Authors: Leser S. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn January 2013, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations released a new report on dietary protein quality, the result from an Expert Consultation that followed the International Symposium on Dietary Protein for Human Health, held in New Zealand during March 2011. The report, ‘Dietary protein quality evaluation in human nutrition’, is part of the call from the United Nations to promote sustainable diets and health, and was motivated mainly by advances in methods available to measure the quality of nutritional proteins with more accuracy. The main recommendation from the report concerns a new, advanced method of assessing nutritional protein quality. The FAO report recommends that the new method, known as Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS), replaces Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score as the preferred method to describe protein quality and that it is adopted in Codex food labelling and claims guidelines. In addition, the report recommends that future research determines protein and amino acid needs that may be above the minimum requirements in certain circumstances. This article provides a summary of the report's findings, discusses its recommendations and implications, and outlines the next steps before the new protein quality method DIAAS can be fully adopted.
Performance Food: Promoting foods with a functional benefit in sports performance
Authors: Reid K. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe food choices and eating habits of athletes and sportspeople are influenced by their lifestyle, the practical considerations of their sports and the physiological demands of training and competition programmes. There is a growing interest in foods with a functional benefit in sports performance and in products and foods which can enhance recovery post‐exercise and therefore support a faster return to training. This paper provides an overview of the nutritional functions of foods and fluids of current scientific interest to athletes and sportspeople. Practical dietary strategies are provided to illustrate how emerging research can be translated into food ideas, which can enhance the functional benefits to their maximum potential within existing scientific recommendations to minimise reliance on unnecessary dietary supplements.
An Academic‐Community Partnership to Address the Flu Vaccination Rates of the Homeless
Authors: Metcalfe Sharon Elizabeth , Sexton Elizabeth Hilliard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this pilot research study was to explore the beliefs and barriers to flu vaccination from a sample homeless population in a small metropolitan community.Design and SampleIn a collaborative academic‐community partnership of a university undergraduate nursing education program, a local health department, and nonprofit agencies, a social marketing education program was developed by nursing students which included surveying the homeless for perceptions regarding flu vaccinations. There were a total of 87 homeless subjects that were surveyed.MeasuresThe measurements were obtained from various questions regarding flu vaccinations on a Qualtrics survey examining the barriers, beliefs, and practices of the homeless population. The focus addressed health disparities and barriers with nursing students serving as the catalyst to reach the homeless in an educational service‐learning project.ResultsThis project demonstrated a positive impact in meeting health care needs of homeless persons as the rate of flu vaccination was doubled from the previous year at one community day shelter.ConclusionsNursing students developed their ability to impact a hard‐to‐reach population with positive changes in their attitudes by increased understanding of the health needs of the homeless.
Photoinhibition of Cyanobacteria and its Application in Cultural Heritage Conservation
Authors: Hsieh Paul , Pedersen Jens Z. , Bruno Laura 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLight has bilateral effects on phototrophic organisms. As cyanobacteria in Roman hypogea are long acclimatized to dim environment, moderate intensity of illumination can be used to alleviate biodeterioration problems on the stone substrata. Moderate intensity of light inactivates cyanobacteria by causing photoinhibition, photobleaching and photodamage to the cells. The effectiveness of light depends not only on its intensity but also on the composition and pigmentation of the component cyanobacteria in the biofilms. Red light is the most effective for the species rich in phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, such as Leptolyngbya sp. and Scytonema julianum, whereas green light is effective to inhibit the species rich in phycoerythrin, like Oculatella subterranea. White light is effective to control the grayish and the black cyanobacteria, such as Symphyonemopsis sp. and Eucapsis sp. abundant in all of these pigments. Blue light is the least effective. 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1 of blue light cannot cause biofilm damage while the same intensity of red, green or white irradiation for 14 days can severely damage the cyanobacterial cells in the biofilms due to ROS formation. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy detected the formation of radicals in different cyanobacterial cellular extracts exposed to 80 μmol photons m−2 s−1 of light.
Gold Nanorod‐Assembled PEGylated Graphene‐Oxide Nanocomposites for Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dembereldorj Uuriintuya , Choi Seon Young , Ganbold Erdene‐Ochir , Song Nam Woong , Kim Doseok , Choo Jaebum , Lee So Yeong , Kim Sehun , Joo Sang‐Woo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGold nanorod‐attached PEGylated graphene‐oxide (AuNR‐PEG‐GO) nanocomposites were tested for a photothermal platform both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity of AuNR was reduced after encapsulation with PEG‐GO along with the removal of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) from AuNR by HCl treatment. Cellular internalization of the CTAB‐eliminated AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites was examined using dark‐field microscopy (DFM), confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To determine the photothermal effect of the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites, A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were irradiated with Xe‐lamp light (60 W cm−2) for 5 min after treatment with the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites for 24 h. Cell viability significantly decreased by ~40% when the AuNR‐PEG‐GO‐encapsulated nanocomposites were irradiated with light as compared with the cells treated with only the AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites without any illumination. In vivo tumor experiments also indicated that HCl‐treated AuNR‐PEG‐GO nanocomposites might efficiently reduce tumor volumes via photothermal processes. Our graphene and AuNR nanocomposites will be useful for an effective photothermal therapy.
Phototherapy, psoriasis, and the age of biologics
Authors: Richard Elisabeth G. , Hönigsmann Herbert 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOver 10 years have passed since the first approval of a biologic agent for the treatment of psoriasis. No one can argue that the arrival of this entirely new, highly effective class of medications has not forever changed the therapeutic landscape for psoriasis. Traditional treatments such as phototherapy, however, remain both viable and effective therapies, both as standalone treatments and in combination with biologics. In general, synergistic effects are noted for combinations utilizing phototherapy; however, the long‐term impact of these combinations on skin cancer development has yet to be fully determined. Increasing financial pressures for cost‐effective therapies augment the appeal of phototherapy and other traditional treatments as compared with the more costly biologics. Phototherapy also remains strong outside the realm of psoriasis, in the management of atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, among other conditions. Phototherapy will remain a cornerstone in the management of psoriasis as well as nonpsoriatic skin conditions, as its efficacy is well known, its financial cost is reasonable, it is readily compatible with other therapeutics, and its utility is historically proven.
Towards standardization of UV eye protection: what can be learned from photodermatology?
Authors: Krutmann Jean , Béhar‐Cohen Francine , Baillet Gilles , de Ayguavives Tito , Ortega Garcia Paula , Peña‐García Pablo , Remé Charlotte , Wolffsohn James 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWhile knowledge about standardization of skin protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has progressed over the past few decades, there is no uniform and generally accepted standardized measurement for UV eye protection. The literature provides solid evidence that UV can induce considerable damage to structures of the eye. As well as damaging the eyelids and periorbital skin, chronic UV exposure may also affect the conjunctiva and lens. Clinically, this damage can manifest as skin cancer and premature skin ageing as well as the development of pterygia and premature cortical cataracts. Modern eye protection, used daily, offers the opportunity to prevent these adverse sequelae of lifelong UV exposure. A standardized, reliable and comprehensive label for consumers and professionals is currently lacking. In this review we (i) summarize the existing literature about UV radiation‐induced damage to the eye and surrounding skin; (ii) review the recent technological advances in UV protection by means of lenses; (iii) review the definition of the Eye‐Sun Protection Factor (E‐SPF®), which describes the intrinsic UV protection properties of lenses and lens coating materials based on their capacity to absorb or reflect UV radiation; and (iv) propose a strategy for establishing the biological relevance of the E‐SPF.
Detection and correction of assembly errors of rice Nipponbare reference sequence
Authors: Deng Y. , Pan Y. , Luo M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA complete and high‐quality genome reference sequence of an organism provides a solid foundation for a wide research community and determines the outcomes of relevant genomic, genetic, molecular and evolutionary research. Rice is an important food crop and a model plant for grasses, and therefore was the first chosen crop plant for whole genome sequencing. The genome of the japonica representative rice variety, Nipponbare, was sequenced using a gold standard, map‐based clone‐by‐clone strategy. However, although the Nipponbare reference sequence (RefSeq) has the best quality for existing crop genome sequences, it still contains many assembly errors and gaps. To improve the Nipponbare RefSeq, first a robust method is required to detect the hidden assembly errors. Through alignments between BAC‐end sequences (BESs) embedded in the Nipponbare bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical map and the Nipponbare RefSeq, we detected locations on the Nipponbare RefSeq that were inversely matched with BESs and could therefore be candidates for spurious inversions of assembly. We performed further analysis of five potential locations and confirmed assembly errors at those locations; four of them, two on chr4 and two on chr11 of the Nipponbare RefSeq (IRGSP build 5), were found to be caused by reverse repetitive sequences flanking the locations. Our approach is effective in detecting spurious inversions in the Nipponbare RefSeq and can be applied for improving the sequence qualities of other genomes as well.
Self‐Reported Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure during the Periconceptional Period and the Risk for Omphalocoele
Authors: Feldkamp Marcia L. , Srisukhumbowornchai Sivithee , Romitti Paul A. , Olney Richard S. , Richardson Sandra D. , Botto Lorenzo D. ,   National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether maternal exposure to cigarette smoke was associated with omphalocoele and whether periconceptional folic acid modified the association.Methods: We analysed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study on omphalocoele case (n = 301) and control (n = 8135) mothers for infants born from 1997 through 2007. Mothers who reported active smoking or exposure to second‐hand smoke during the periconceptional period (1 month before conception to 3 months after) were considered exposed. Those who reported use of folic acid supplements during the same period were considered supplement users. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for alcohol use, preconception body mass index, and race/ethnicity.ResultsOne hundred fifteen (38.2%) case and 2592 (31.9%) control mothers reported exposure to cigarette smoke during the periconceptional period. Adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 1.19 [0.94, 1.53] for any smoke exposure, 0.87 [0.54, 1.40] for active smoking, 1.38 [1.00, 1.90] for second‐hand smoke exposure, and 1.16 [0.80, 1.67] for both exposures combined. No dose–response relationship was observed. Folic acid‐containing supplements did not reduce the risk for omphalocoele among women with active or second‐hand smoke exposure.ConclusionsSelf‐reported active maternal smoking, with or without exposure to second‐hand smoke, during the periconceptional period was not associated with omphalocoele. In contrast, there was a possible association with periconceptional exposure to second‐hand smoke.
Variation by Diagnostic Subtype in Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders Associated with Maternal Parity among Finnish Births
Authors: Cheslack‐Postava Keely , Jokiranta Elina , Suominen Auli , Lehti Venla , Sourander Andre , Brown Alan S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between maternal parity and outcomes in offspring may provide evidence for involvement of prenatal exposures. The objective of this study was to determine whether risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is associated with maternal parity.MethodsDiagnoses of childhood autism, Asperger syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD‐NOS) were examined separately and as a group. The study was conducted in the Finnish Prenatal Study of Autism, which is based in a national birth cohort. Children born in Finland in 1987–2005 and diagnosed with ASD by 2007 were identified through the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Four matched controls were selected for each case using the Finnish Medical Birth Register. The association between parity and each ASD was determined using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for number of children in the sibship and other potential confounders.ResultsASDs combined showed a pattern of decreasing risk with increasing parity (odds ratio OR for fourth or greater vs. first‐born children, 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35, 0.51]). For childhood autism, an adjusted OR of 1.51 [95% CI 1.27, 1.81] was observed for second vs. first‐born children. Associations for Asperger syndrome and PDD‐NOS were consistent with those for all ASDs.ConclusionsDifferences in patterns of association between maternal parity and ASD subtypes may indicate varying contributions of specific environmental factors to risk; however, differences in diagnosis or in treatment seeking for childhood behavioural problems cannot be ruled out, particularly for higher functioning cases.
Individual and community perceptions of surgical care in Sierra Leone
Authors: Groen Reinou S. , Sriram Veena M. , Kamara Thaim B. , Kushner Adam L. , Blok Lucie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo determine themes and beliefs that influence health‐seeking behaviour and barriers to accessing surgical care.MethodsIn January 2012 in Western Area Province of Sierra Leone, six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FDGs consisted of three male only and three female only groups in an urban, a slum and a rural setting. Researchers investigated a wide range of topics including definitions of surgery, types of surgical procedures, trust, quality of care, human resources, post‐operative care, permission‐seeking and traditional beliefs.ResultsAlthough many individual beliefs were expressed, common fears were as follows: becoming half human after surgery; complications from procedures; stigma from having a scar; and financial burdens resulting from the cost of care. Participants also expressed concern about the quality of the care available in Sierra Leone.ConclusionsThe concept of being half human after surgery, previously not documented in the literature, is noteworthy and should be explored more fully. Qualitative research in other parts of Sierra Leone and other LMICs into beliefs of the local population could improve programmes for access and delivery of surgical care.
Short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase catalyzing the final step of noscapine biosynthesis is localized to laticifers in opium poppy
Authors: Chen Xue , Facchini Peter J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe final step in the biosynthesis of the phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid noscapine involves a purported dehydrogenation of the narcotinehemiacetal keto moiety. A short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR), designated noscapine synthase (NOS), that catalyzes dehydrogenation of narcotinehemiacetal to noscapine was identified in opium poppy and functionally characterized. The NOS gene was isolated using an integrated transcript and metabolite profiling strategy and subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli. Noscapine synthase is highly divergent from other characterized members of the NADPH‐dependent SDR superfamily involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid metabolism, and it exhibits exclusive substrate specificity for narcotinehemiacetal. Kinetic analyses showed that NOS exhibits higher catalytic efficiency with NAD+ as the cofactor compared with NADP+. Suppression of NOS transcript levels in opium poppy plants subjected to virus‐induced gene silencing resulted in a corresponding reduction in the accumulation of noscapine and an increase in narcotinehemiacetal levels in the latex. Noscapine and NOS transcripts were detected in all opium poppy organs, but both were most abundant in stems. Unlike other putative biosynthetic genes clustered in the opium poppy genome, and their corresponding proteins, NOS transcripts and the cognate enzyme were abundant in latex, indicating that noscapine metabolism is completed in a distinct cell type compared with the rest of the pathway.
SKB1/PRMT5‐mediated histone H4R3 dimethylation of Ib subgroup bHLH genes negatively regulates iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fan Huajie , Zhang Zhaoliang , Wang Ning , Cui Yan , Sun Hua , Liu Yi , Wu Huilan , Zheng Shusong , Bao Shilai , Ling Hong‐Qing 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHistone modifications play critical roles in the perception of environmental cues by plants. Here, we report that Shk1 binding protein 1 (SKB1/AtPRMT5), which catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of histone H4R3 (H4R3sme2), is involved in iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. The SKB1 lesion mutant exhibited higher iron accumulation in shoots and greater tolerance to iron deficiency than the wild type. The expression of SKB1 was not affected by iron, but the level of H4R3sme2 mediated by SKB1 was related to iron status in plants. We showed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and genome‐wide ChIP‐seq that SKB1 associated with the chromatin of the Ib subgroup bHLH genes (AtbHLH38, AtbHLH39, AtbHLH100 and AtbHLH101), and symmetrically dimethylated histone H4R3. The quantity of SKB1 that associated with chromatin of the Ib subgroup bHLH genes and the level of H4R3sme2 corresponded to the iron status of plants (higher with increased iron supply and lower when iron was removed). We conclude that SKB1‐mediated H4R3sme2 regulates iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis in the context of increasing or decreasing expression of Ib subgroup bHLH genes. Iron deficiency may cause an increase in the disassociation of SKB1 from chromatin of the bHLH genes and a decrease in the level of H4R3sme2, thereby elevating their transcription and enhancing iron uptake. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of iron homeostasis in strategy I plants.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Plant Pathogen Dickeya zeae DZ2Q, Isolated from Rice in Italy
Authors: Bertani Iris , Passos da Silva Daniel , Abbruscato Pamela , Piffanelli Pietro , Venturi Vittorio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Dickeya zeae
is an emerging rice (
Oryza sativa
) pathogen causing bacterial foot rot. Related pathogens affect maize (
Zea mays
) and potato (
Solanum tuberosum
) and a variety of important ornamental and floral plants. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
D. zeae
DZ2Q, an isolate obtained from rice grown in Italy.
A Novel Ambisense Densovirus,
Acheta domesticus
Mini Ambidensovirus, from Crickets
Authors: Pham Hanh T. , Yu Qian , Bergoin Max , Tijssen Peter 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

The genome structure of
Acheta domesticus
mini ambidensovirus, isolated from crickets, resembled that of ambisense densoviruses from
Lepidoptera
but was 20% smaller. It had the highest (<25%) protein sequence identity with the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of
Iteravirus
and VP of
Densovirus
members (both with 25% coverage) and smaller (0.2- versus 0.55-kb) Y-shaped inverted terminal repeats.
Draft Genome Sequence of Psychrobacter aquaticus Strain CMS 56
T
, Isolated from a Cyanobacterial Mat Sample Collected from Water Bodies in the McMurdo Dry Valley Region of Antarctica
Authors: Reddy Gundlapally Satyanarayana , Ara Sreenivas , Singh Aditya , Kumar Pinnaka Anil , Shivaji S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 3.2-Mb draft genome sequence of
Psychrobacter aquaticus
strain CMS 56
T
, isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample collected from a water body in the McMurdo Dry Valley region of Antarctica.
Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum Strain 090104 “Sokolov”
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V. , Melnikov Vyacheslav G. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

This report describes the first draft genome sequence of a
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum
strain. The information on the genome organization and putative gene products will assist in better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial probiotic effects of this bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Anaerobic and Extremophilic Bacterium,
Caldanaerobacter yonseiensis
, Isolated from a Geothermal Hot Stream
Authors: Lee Sang-Jae , Lee Yong-Jik , Park Gun-Seok , Kim Byoung-Chan , Lee Sang Jun , Shin Jae-Ho , Lee Dong-Woo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Caldanaerobacter yonseiensis
is a strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, spore-forming bacterium, which was isolated from a geothermal hot stream in Indonesia. This bacterium utilizes xylose and produces a variety of proteases. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
C. yonseiensis
, which reveals insights into the pentose phosphate pathway and protein degradation metabolism in thermophilic microorganisms.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolate of the Ural Strain OSDD493
Authors: Karuthedath Vellarikkal Shamsudheen , Vir Singh Ajay , Kumar Singh Pravin , Garg Parul , Mohan Katoch Viswa , Katoch Kiran ,   Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium, Chauhan D. S. , Scaria Vinod , Sivasubbu Sridhar 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

We describe the genome sequencing and analysis of a clinical isolate of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
belonging to the Ural strain OSDD493 from India.