bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Symptom Management Strategies for Pain, Erectile Dysfunction, and Depression in Patients Receiving Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Weisbord Steven D. , Mor Maria K. , Green Jamie A. , Sevick Mary Ann , Shields Anne Marie , Zhao Xinhua , Rollman Bruce L. , Palevsky Paul M. , Arnold Robert M. , Fine Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Pain, erectile dysfunction (ED), and depression are common yet frequently untreated in chronic hemodialysis patients. This study compared two management strategies for these symptoms in this patient population.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Pain, ED, and depression were assessed monthly during an observation usual care phase. Patients were then randomized to 12-month participation in either a feedback arm in which these symptoms were assessed monthly, renal providers were informed of patients' symptoms, and treatment was left treatment at their discretion; or a nurse management arm in which symptoms were assessed monthly and trained nurses were used to evaluate patients and generate and facilitate the implementation of treatment recommendations.

Results
Of 288 patients enrolled into observation between January 1, 2009 and March 30, 2010, 220 (76%) were randomized. Compared with the feedback approach, the results (shown as Δ symptom score [95% confidence interval]) indicated that nurse management was not associated with improved pain (0.49 [−0.56, 1.54]), ED (0.20 [−0.55, 0.95]), or depression (0.32 [−0.94, 1.58]). Relative to their symptoms during observation, feedback patients experienced small, statistically significant improvements in pain (−0.98 [−1.67, −0.28]), ED (−0.98 [−1.54, −0.41]), and depression (−1.36 [−2.19, −0.54]), whereas nurse management patients experienced small, statistically significant improvements in ED (−0.78 [−1.41, −0.15]) and depression (−1.04 [−2.04, −0.04]).

Conclusions
Compared with informing renal providers of their patients' pain, ED, and depression and leaving management at their discretion, a nurse-implemented management strategy does not improve these symptoms. Both approaches modestly reduced symptoms relative to usual care.
Differential Diagnosis of Lupus and Primary Membranous Nephropathies by IgG Subclass Analysis
Authors: Song Young Soo , Min Kyueng-Whan , Kim Ju Han , Kim Gheun-Ho , Park Moon Hyang 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Previous studies showed that the accuracy of IgG subclasses (ISs) in differentiating membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) from primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is <80%. This study hypothesized that diagnostic accuracy of ISs would be increased if renal compartment measurements and decision tree analysis are applied.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Renal biopsy specimens from 41 patients with MLN and 59 patients with PMN between October 2004 and March 2010 were examined, and immunofluorescence staining against IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 as well as C3, C1q, and C4 was evaluated in five different renal compartments (glomerular capillary walls, mesangium, tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels). From IS data, a decision tree to differentiate MLN from PMN was produced (IS decision tree) and its accuracy was compared with that of previous studies. Diagnostic accuracy of the IS decision tree was also compared with that of the complement decision tree as a reference.

Results
The demographic information and patterns of IS deposition were similar to those of previous studies. The IS decision tree had, as decision markers, IgG1 in the mesangium and IgG2 and IgG4 along the glomerular capillary wall. The IS decision tree showed higher accuracy (88%) than that of previous studies (<80%) and also that of the complement decision tree (81%).

Conclusions
Accuracy of ISs was increased due to the study methods, but the same methodology was less effective using complement measurements. Appropriate data analysis may enhance diagnostic value, but the analysis alone cannot achieve the ideal diagnostic value.
Antiplatelet Therapy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with CKD
Authors: Jain Nishank , Hedayati S. Susan , Sarode Ravindra , Banerjee Subhash , Reilly Robert F. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
Antiplatelet agents (APAs) are proven to reduce risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease and normal kidney function. With recent post hoc analyses of large trials questioning the safety and efficacy of APAs in CKD, major gaps exist in our understanding of platelet aggregability and the effects of APAs on thrombosis and bleeding in CKD. Clinical practice guidelines are ambiguous about use of such agents in CKD patients, because patients with moderate to advanced CKD were systematically excluded from clinical trials of APAs. CKD patients experience excessive rates of cardiovascular thrombotic events, yet paradoxically are at higher risk for major bleeding while receiving APAs. Furthermore, observational studies suggest that CKD patients may exhibit poor response to APAs. High residual platelet aggregability, as determined by inhibition of platelet aggregation, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events. In addition, metabolism of certain APAs may be altered in CKD patients. It is, therefore, imperative to explore the mechanisms responsible for poor response to APAs in CKD patients in order to use these drugs more safely and effectively. This review identifies the knowledge gaps and future trials needed to address those issues with the use of APAs in CKD patients.
Urinary Albumin Excretion Patterns of Patients with Cast Nephropathy and Other Monoclonal Gammopathy–Related Kidney Diseases
Authors: Leung Nelson , Gertz Morie , Kyle Robert A. , Fervenza Fernando C. , Irazabal Maria V. , Eirin Alfonso , Kumar Shaji , Cha Stephen S. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Lacy Martha Q. , Zeldenrust Steve R. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Nasr Samih H. , Sethi Sanjeev , Ramirez-Alvarado Marina , Witzig Thomas E. , Herrmann Sandra M. , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Multiple myeloma is responsible for a wide variety of renal pathologies. Urinary protein and monoclonal spike cannot be used to diagnose cast nephropathy (CN). Because albuminuria is a hallmark of glomerular disease, this study evaluated the percentage of urinary albumin excretion (%UAE) as a tool to differentiate CN from Ig light chain amyloidosis (AL), light chain deposition disease (LCDD), and acute tubular necrosis (ATN).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients were selected from the Renal Biopsy Database and the Dysproteinemia Database. Participants were excluded if laboratory data were missing within 1 week of the renal biopsy. The %UAE was obtained from urine protein electrophoresis.

Results
From 1992 to 2011, 260 patients were biopsied (177 with AL, 28 with LCDD, 43 with CN, and 12 with ATN). The %UAE for CN patients was significantly lower (7%) than for ATN (25%), LCDD (55%), and AL (70%) patients (P<0.001). Significant differences were also found in serum creatinine, serum albumin, free light chain ratio, total urine protein, and urine monoclonal spike; only the %UAE remained independently associated with CN in a logistic regression model (P<0.001). The area under the curve for the receiver operator characteristic curve for %UAE was 0.99. At <25%, the %UAE had a sensitivity of 0.98, specificity of 0.94, positive predictive value of 0.75, and negative predictive value of 0.99.

Conclusions
This study showed that %UAE was significantly less in CN than the other three renal lesions and %UAE may thus be helpful in diagnosis of CN.
Are Short Sellers Informed? Evidence from the Bond Market
Authors: Kecskés Ambrus , Mansi Sattar A. , Zhang Andrew (Jianzhong 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
We examine whether short sellers in the equity market provide valuable information to investors in the bond market. Using a sample of publicly traded bond data covering the period from 1988 to 2011, we find that firms with high short interest have lower credit ratings and are more likely to have their ratings downgraded. We also find that firms with highly shorted stocks are associated with higher bond yield spreads (about 24 basis points). Evidence of causality from short interest spikes and a natural experiment based on the SEC's Regulation SHO pilot program confirms our findings. Overall, our results suggest that equity short sellers provide predictive information to creditors in the bond market.
JEL Classifications: G12; G14.
Data Availability:  Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the study with the exception of the bond data from Lehman Brothers, which is a proprietary dataset.
Group Audits, Group-Level Controls, and Component Materiality: How Much Auditing Is Enough?
Authors: Stewart Trevor R. , Kinney William R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Auditing standards now mandate that group auditors determine and implement appropriate component materiality amounts, which ultimately affect group audit scope, reliability, and value. However, standards are silent about how these amounts should be determined and methods being used in practice vary widely, lack theoretical support, and may either fail to meet the audit objective or do so at excessive cost. We develop a Bayesian group audit model that generalizes and extends the single-component audit risk model to aggregate assurance across multiple components. The model formally incorporates group auditor knowledge of group-level structure, controls, and context as well as component-level constraints imposed by statutory audit or other requirements. Application of the model yields component materiality amounts that achieve the group auditor's overall assurance objective by finding the optimal solution on an efficient materiality frontier. Numerical results suggest group-level controls and structured subgroups of components are central to efficient group audits.
Data Availability: Upon request, Dr. Stewart will provide Excel-based software that facilitates exploration and application of the model described in this paper.
Staging a “Plurality of Vision”: Diasporic Performance in Polycharacter Monodrama
Authors: Tilley Elspeth 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT:This article explores the performance of diasporic subjectivity in relation to both the form and content of polycharacter monodrama. Using three plays (one each from New Zealand, Canada, and Australia) as exemplars, it argues that two complementary features of polycharacter monodrama (split characterization and oral storytelling) provide a contrapuntal space uniquely suited to the representation and negotiation of the defining tensions of diasporic experience.
The value of serial plasma and cerebrospinal fluid nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Hung-Chen , Yang Tzu-Ming , Lin Wei-Che , Lin Yu-Jun , Tsai Nai-Wen , Liou Chia-Wei , Kwan Aij-Lie , Lu Cheng-Hsien 
Published: September 2012

Object
Increased plasma nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels have been reported in critically ill patients, and extracellular DNA may originate from damaged tissues having undergone necrosis. This study tested the hypothesis that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma are substantially increased in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and decrease thereafter, such that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels may be predictive of treatment outcomes.

Methods
Serial nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma from 21 adult patients with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH and 39 healthy volunteers who received myelography examinations during the study period were evaluated.

Results
Data showed that circulating plasma nuclear DNA concentrations and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF significantly increased in patients with aneurysmal SAH on admission compared with the volunteers. In patients with poor outcome, the CSF nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher on Days 1 and 4, and plasma nuclear DNA levels were significantly higher from Day 8 to Day 14. Higher CSF nuclear (> 85.1 ng/ml) and mitochondrial DNA levels (> 31.4 ng/ml) on presentation were associated with worse outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

Conclusions
Higher CSF DNA levels on presentation, rather than plasma DNA levels, are associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal SAH. More prospective multicenter investigations are needed to confirm the predictive value of CSF and plasma DNA levels on outcome.
Delayed intracranial hematoma following stereoelectroencephalography for intractable epilepsy
Authors: Derrey Stéphane , Lebas Axel , Parain Dominique , Baray Marie Gilles , Marguet Christophe , Freger Pierre , Proust François 
Published: September 2012

Intracranial bleeding following stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is rare and commonly occurs early after electrode implantation. The authors report the case of a delayed intracranial hematoma following sEEG. This 10-year-old boy was referred to the authors' department to undergo an sEEG study for intractable epilepsy, with the hypothesis of a single localized epileptic zone in the left precentral region. To perform the exploration, 14 depth electrodes were implanted under stereotactic conditions. The results of a postoperative CT scan performed routinely at the end of the surgical procedure were normal. Eight days later, following an epileptic seizure, the child's condition worsened. The neurological examination revealed a left hemiparesis, agitation, and coma due to a right subdural hematoma with intraparenchymal bleeding. Despite a surgical evacuation followed by a decompressive craniectomy, the curative treatments were stopped 1 week later due to severe diffuse ischemic lesions found on MRI studies.
This is the first observation of a delayed hematoma following an sEEG procedure. The mechanism underlying this complication remains unclear, but the rupture of a growing pseudoaneurysm caused by the electrode's implantation or the tearing of a neighboring vessel by an electrode were suspected. In consequence, physicians must remain vigilant during the entire sEEG recording period and probably also several days after electrode removal.
Management of pediatric intracranial gunshot wounds: predictors of favorable clinical outcome and a new proposed treatment paradigm
Authors: Bandt S. Kathleen , Greenberg Jacob K. , Yarbrough Chester K. , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Limbrick David D. , Leonard Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2012

Object
There has been an increase in civilian gun violence since the late 1980s, with a disproportionately high increase occurring within the pediatric population. To date, no definite treatment paradigm exists for the management of these patients, nor is there a full understanding of the predictors of favorable clinical outcome in this population.

Methods
The authors completed a retrospective review of all victims of intracranial gunshot injury from birth to age 18 years at a major metropolitan Level 1 trauma center (n = 48) from 2002 to 2011. The predictive values of widely accepted adult clinical and radiographic factors for poor prognosis were investigated.

Results
Eight statistically significant factors (p < 0.05) for favorable outcome were identified. These factors include single hemispheric involvement, absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, systolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, initial ICP < 30 mm Hg when monitored, and absence of midline shift. Of these 8 factors, 5 were strong predictors of favorable clinical outcome as defined by Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5. These predictive factors included absence of a transventricular trajectory, < 3 lobes involved, ≥ 1 reactive pupil on arrival, absence of deep nuclei and/or third ventricular involvement, and initial ICP < 30 mm Hg. These findings form the basis of the St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head, a novel metric to inform treatment decisions for pediatric patients who sustain these devastating injuries.

Conclusions
The pediatric population tends to demonstrate more favorable outcomes following intracranial gunshot injury when compared with the adult population; therefore some patients may benefit from more aggressive treatment than is considered for adults. The St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head may provide critical data toward evidence-based guidelines for clinical decision making.
Lumbar Interverterbral Disc Prolapse (PLID) Surgery and Our Experiences
Authors: Bhuiyan M Ishaq , Ripon Md Asadullah , Haque Md Mofazzalul , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: September 2012

Background: Back pain and sciatica are very common in adult persons. These cause a great loss of working hours with financial loss of individual and the nation. Very careful evaluation must be done to treat these patients. Injudicious treatment, whether medical or surgical, may aggravate the sufferings.Objective: To study immediate and long term effect of the prolapsed intervertebral disc surgery.Materials and Methods: This observational study was done in Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka during January 2007 to June 2011. Sixty four patients operated during this period for prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc were included in the study. Fifty six (88%) were male and 8 (12%) were female. Age range was 30 to 50 years. Most of the patients presented with back pain and sciatica with no definite history of trauma or weight lifting. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. Results: Sixty (94%) patients had no pain after surgery and only 4 patients had occasional pain. Conclusion: Maintenance of strict criteria for the surgery yields very good result. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11917 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 20-23
A Clinical Study on Management of Incomplete Abortion by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA)
Authors: Begum Sheuly , Rashid Maliha , Jahan Arifa Akter 
Published: September 2012

Background: Abortion is an important social and public health issue. In Bangladesh complication from unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. It is a serious health problem. World Health Organisation estimates that 14% of maternal deaths which occur every year in the countries of South Asia including Bangladesh are due to abortion. Study shows manual vacuum aspiration procedure is safe and effective in incomplete abortion. Very few clinical trials were carried out in Bangladesh to assess the safety and effectivity of manual vacuum aspiration in managing incomplete abortion.Objective: To find out the outcome of manual vacuum aspiration in the management of patients of incomplete abortion.Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital from June to December, 2004. One hundred cases of diagnosed incomplete abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation were managed by manual vacuum aspiration during this period. A data recording sheet was designed for this purpose. Haemodynamically stable patients with no history of induced abortion and fever were enrolled. Results: Procedure time of manual vacuum aspiration was short, average duration was 7 minutes. Bleeding was minimum (20-30 mL) in 67% cases and weighted mean was 29.80 mL. Eighty three percent patients were stable during the procedure and only 3% needed blood transfusion. Nonnarcotic analgesics were used in 59% cases and 33% needed only proper counselling. Average duration of hospital stay was 2 hours. Effectiveness of the procedure was about 98% with very low post procedure complication rate (2%). Conclusion: MVA procedure is a safe and effective technique of uterine evacuation in incomplete abortion. It is quick, less expensive, effective and less painful. Hospital stay and chance of perforation of uterus is less. So this procedure should be considered by health care system in Bangladesh for improving treatment of incomplete abortion to reduce both maternal morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11918 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 24-28
Infantile Colic: The Mysterious Crying
Authors: Akter Shaheen 
Published: September 2012

Infantile colic is a distressing condition in infants, pathogenesis of which is still not clear. Several treatment strategies have been attempted before, but only some of them proven successful. The aim of this paper is to review studies on treatment options for infantile colic. For this, a systematic literature review was done on studies regarding pathophysiology, medical and conventional interventions for infantile colic from 1954 to March 2011. Forty nine articles included in Cochrane database were reviewed. Fourteen studies on pathophysiology and risk factors, 7 studies on effect of infantlie colic on parents and family,19 studies on management, 5 studies on other related factors and 4 literature reviews were included for review. Pathophysiology has been described in various ways in different studies and yet not conclusive. Regarding studies on management, simethicone could not significantly control colic, dicyclomine hydrochloride had serious side effects and cimetropium bromide results were favourable, but milder side effects were noted. Some nutritional studies reported low-allergen maternal diets in breastfed infants but suitability of these methods are questionable in Bangladesh. Behavioural studies on the use of decreased stimulation and contingent music were favourable in some studies. Mixed herbal tea and probiotic like Lactobacillus reuteri studies showed encouraging results. There are some scientific evidences to support a low-allergen maternal diet in breastfed infants with infantile colic. Some encouraging results exist for mixed herbal tea, cimetropium bromide and probiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11927 J Enam Med Col 2012; 2(1): 33-39
Depletion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Inhibits Tumor Growth and Prevents Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Sawant Anandi , Hensel Jonathan A. , Chanda Diptiman , Harris Brittney A. , Siegal Gene P. , Maheshwari Akhil , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Elevated levels of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) have been reported in breast cancer patients, but the significance remains undefined. Using three immunocompetent mouse models of breast cancer bone metastasis, we identified a key role for pDC in facilitating tumor growth through immunosuppression and aggressive osteolysis. Following infiltration of macrophages upon breast cancer dissemination, there was a steady increase in pDC within the bone, which resulted in a sustained Th2 response along with elevated levels of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Subsequently, pDC and CD4+ T cells, producing osteolytic cytokines, increased with tumor burden, causing severe bone damage. Microcomputed tomography and histology analyses of bone showed destruction of femur and tibia. The therapeutic significance of this finding was confirmed by depletion of pDC, which resulted in decreased tumor burden and bone loss by activating tumor-specific cytolytic CD8+ T cells and decreasing suppressor cell populations. Thus, pDC depletion may offer a novel adjuvant strategy to therapeutically influence breast cancer bone metastasis.