bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusually large and aggressive traumatic bone cysts of the jaws – a series of five cases
Authors: Bhattacharyya I. , Islam M.N. , Chehal H.K. , Reith J.D. , Islam S. , Fernandes R. , McNally S.J. , Cohen D.M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTraumatic bone cysts (TBC) in the jaws are asymptomatic, slow growing, usually non‐expansile lesions commonly diagnosed during routine radiographic examination. Unusually large and relatively aggressive TBC of the jaws are uncommon. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this entity remain unclear. In the extremities, however, lesions similar to the TBC of jaws are noted but are much larger and exhibit significant growth potential. This series of cases highlights unusually large and aggressive nature of TBC of jaws that is generally considered to be innocuous and non‐expansile with minimal clinical significance. TBC may be considered in the differential diagnosis of large mandibular radiolucent lesions.
Spinal Cord Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion for Groin Pain—A Retrospective Review
Authors: Schu Stefan , Gulve Ashish , ElDabe Sam , Baranidharan Ganesan , Wolf Katharina , Demmel Walter , Rasche Dirk , Sharma Manohar , Klase Daniel , Jahnichen Gunnar , Wahlstedt Anders , Nijhuis Harold , Liem Liong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a standard treatment option for chronic neuropathic pain. However, some anatomical pain distributions are known to be difficult to cover with traditional SCS‐induced paresthesias and/or may also induce additional, unwanted stimulation. We present the results from a retrospective review of data from patients with groin pain of various etiologies treated using neuromodulation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG).MethodsData from 29 patients with neuropathic groin pain were reviewed. Patients underwent trial therapy where specifically designed leads were implanted at the target DRGs between T12 and L4. Patients who had a successful trial (> 50% improvement) received the fully implantable neuromodulation system. Pain scores were captured on a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and at regular follow‐up visits.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (86.2%) received fully implantable neurostimulators, and the average follow‐up period was 27.8 ± 4.3 (standard error of the mean, SEM) weeks. The average pain reduction was 71.4 ± 5.6%, and 82.6% (19/23) of patients experienced a > 50% reduction in their pain at the latest follow‐up. Individual cases showed improvement with a variety of etiologies and pain distributions; a subanalysis of postherniorrhaphy cohort also showed significant improvement.ConclusionsEarly findings suggest that neuromodulation of the DRG may be an effective treatment for chronic neuropathic pain conditions in the groin region. This technique offers a useful alternative for pain conditions that do not always respond optimally to traditional SCS therapy. Neuromodulation of the DRG provided excellent cross‐dermatomal paresthesia coverage, even in cases with patients with discrete pain areas. The therapy can be specific, sustained, and independent of body position.
Genetic association of within‐boll yield components and boll morphological traits with fibre properties in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Tang Feiyu , Xiao Wenjun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractKnowledge of genetic relationships between within‐boll yield components and fibre quality is essential for simultaneous improvement of lint yield and fibre quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Nine parents and their F1 progeny with reciprocals from a 3 × 6 factorial mating design were grown in 2008 and 2009. Seven within‐boll yield components and two boll morphological traits and the three fibre quality parameters were analysed based on a conditional additive/dominance (AD) genetic model. Results showed that boll length contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic, additive and dominance variances for UHM length; seed index contributed to the largest proportion of phenotypic and additive variances for fibre strength; boll width made the largest contribution to phenotypic and additive variances and the second largest contribution to dominance‐by‐environment interaction variance for micronaire, indicating that they played an important role than the other traits for fibre length, strength and fineness/maturity, respectively. It is worthy of note that those correlations between boll shape and fibre quality apply only to the nine parents and the resultant hybrids in this study and do not imply a cause and effect relationship.
Rapidly Involuting Congenital Hemangioma with Pustules: Two Cases
Authors: Hughes Rosalind , McAleer Maeve , Watson Rosemarie , Collins Sinead , Irvine Alan , White Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas (RICHs) are rare tumors that usually present as well‐defined bluish or violaceous plaques or tumors with scattered telangiectasias and central or peripheral pallor. We report two previously unreported cases of RICH with associated pustules.
Randomising Development: Geography, Economics and the Search for Scientific Rigour
Authors: Webber Sophie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDevelopment economics has become something of an innovator within the discipline of economics, due to its adoption of experimental and statistical analysis techniques. In this paper I give examples of this new trend in development economics: randomised‐control trials, natural experiments, specialist analytical techniques like pre‐analysis plans, and evidence‐driven policy evaluation. I explore this novel experimental development economics in conversation with current argumentation in economic/development geography about economics. I do this in order to ask whether this experimental trend responds to any of these geographical critiques. Although I find that this new development economics repeats many of the tendencies of economics that geographers find so specious, it does pose challenges to economic/development geography, which I explore.
The Arabidopsis immune adaptor SRFR1 interacts with TCP transcription factors that redundantly contribute to effector‐triggered immunity
Authors: Kim Sang Hee , Son Geon Hui , Bhattacharjee Saikat , Kim Hye Jin , Nam Ji Chul , Nguyen Phuong Dung T. , Hong Jong Chan , Gassmann Walter 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe plant immune system must be tightly controlled both positively and negatively to maintain normal plant growth and health. We previously identified SUPPRESSOR OF rps4‐RLD1 (SRFR1) as a negative regulator specifically of effector‐triggered immunity. SRFR1 is localized in both a cytoplasmic microsomal compartment and in the nucleus. Its TPR domain has sequence similarity to TPR domains of transcriptional repressors in other organisms, suggesting that SRFR1 may negatively regulate effector‐triggered immunity via transcriptional control. We show here that excluding SRFR1 from the nucleus prevented complementation of the srfr1 phenotype. To identify transcription factors that interact with SRFR1, we screened an Arabidopsis transcription factor prey library by yeast two‐hybrid assay and isolated six class I members of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factor family. Specific interactions were verified in planta. Although single or double T‐DNA mutant tcp8, tcp14 or tcp15 lines were not more susceptible to bacteria expressing AvrRps4, the triple tcp8 tcp14 tcp15 mutant displayed decreased effector‐triggered immunity mediated by the resistance genes RPS2, RPS4, RPS6 and RPM1. In addition, expression of PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED PROTEIN2 was attenuated in srfr1‐4 tcp8‐1 tcp14‐5 tcp15‐3 plants compared to srfr1‐4 plants. To date, TCP transcription factors have been implicated mostly in developmental processes. Our data indicate that one function of a subset of TCP proteins is to regulate defense gene expression in antagonism to SRFR1, and suggest a mechanism for an intimate connection between plant development and immunity.
KNOX genes influence a gradient of fruit chloroplast development through regulation of GOLDEN2‐LIKE expression in tomato
Authors: Nadakuduti Satya Swathi , Holdsworth William L. , Klein Chelsey L. , Barry Cornelius S. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe chlorophyll content of unripe fleshy fruits is positively correlated with the nutrient content and flavor of ripe fruit. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, the uniform ripening (u) locus, which encodes a GOLDEN 2‐LIKE transcription factor (SlGLK2), influences a gradient of chloroplast development that extends from the stem end of the fruit surrounding the calyx to the base of the fruit. With the exception of the u locus, the factors that influence the formation of this developmental gradient are unknown. In this study, characterization and positional cloning of the uniform gray‐green (ug) locus of tomato reveals a thus far unknown role for the Class I KNOTTED1‐LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) gene, TKN4, in specifying the formation of this chloroplast gradient. The involvement of KNOX in fruit chloroplast development was confirmed through characterization of the Curl (Cu) mutant, a dominant gain‐of‐function mutation of TKN2, which displays ectopic fruit chloroplast development that resembles SlGLK2 over‐expression. TKN2 and TKN4 act upstream of SlGLK2 and the related gene ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 2‐LIKE (SlAPRR2‐LIKE) to establish their latitudinal gradient of expression across developing fruit that leads to a gradient of chloroplast development. Class I KNOX genes typically influence plant morphology through maintenance of meristem activity, but this study identifies a role for TKN2 and TKN4 in specifically influencing chloroplast development in fruit but not leaves, suggesting that this fundamental process is differentially regulated in these two organs.
Risk assessment for transmission of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease by transfusion of red blood cells in the United States
Authors: Yang Hong , Gregori Luisa , Asher David M. , Epstein Jay S. , Anderson Steven A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundVariant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) is transmitted by blood transfusion. To mitigate the risk of transfusion‐transmitted vCJD (TTvCJD), the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended deferral of potential at‐risk blood donors, but some risk remains. We describe a quantitative risk assessment to estimate residual, postdeferral TTvCJD risk in the United States.Study Design and MethodsWe assumed that certain US donors may have acquired vCJD infection through dietary exposure to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy during time spent in the United Kingdom, France, and other countries in Europe. Because of uncertainties regarding the prevalence of vCJD in the United Kingdom, we used both low and high UK prevalence estimates as model inputs. The model estimated the risk of infection from a transfusion in year 2011 and the cumulative risk from 1980 through 2011. The model was validated by comparing the model predictions with reported cases of vCJD.ResultsUsing the low UK prevalence estimate, the model predicted a mean risk of 1 in 134 million transfusions, zero TTvCJD infections acquired in the year 2011, and zero cumulative clinical TTvCJD cases for the period spanning 1980 to 2011. With the high UK prevalence estimate, the model predicted a mean risk of 1 in 480,000 transfusions, six infections for 2011, and nine cumulative clinical cases from 1980 to 2011.ConclusionsModel validation exercises indicated that predictions based on the low prevalence estimate are more consistent with clinical cases actually observed to date, implying that the risk, while highly uncertain, is likely very small.
Immunosuppressants and alloimmunization against red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Zalpuri Saurabh , Evers Dorothea , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Schonewille Henk , de Vooght Karen M.K. , le Cessie Saskia , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPatients receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are at risk of developing alloantibodies against donor RBC antigens. The risk of alloimmunization is dependent on the number of units administered and patient's genetic predisposition, but has also been suggested to be modulated by a patient's clinical profile. Our aim was to examine whether immunosuppressants suppress the development of clinically relevant RBC antibodies.Study Design and MethodsA two‐center case‐referent study was performed where case patients and control patients were sampled from all consecutive patients (17,750 patients) who had received their first and subsequent RBC transfusions in a 5‐year period in the study centers. Cases were all patients with a first detected RBC alloantibody preceded by negative antibody screens. Control patients were two‐to‐one matched to the case patients on the number of RBC transfusions. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between immunosuppressant exposure and the subsequent occurrence of RBC alloimmunization.ResultsA total of 156 case patients and 312 control patients in the study received a median of six transfusions (interquartile range, 3‐11). Among the total study population, 207 patients received immunosuppressive therapy, with 142 patients receiving only corticosteroids, four receiving only other immunosuppressants, and 61 receiving both. The incidence of alloimmunization among patients using immunosuppressants was lower than among other patients receiving RBCs (adjusted relative rate, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.34‐0.91).ConclusionOur findings support a considerably lower risk of alloimmunization with the use of immunosuppressive medications.
Case report of a transfusion‐associated hepatitis A infection
Authors: Hughes Jonathan A. , Fontaine Magali J. , Gonzalez Christopher L. , Layon Arlene G. , Goodnough Lawrence Tim , Galel Susan A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundDocumented transfusion‐associated hepatitis A (TAHA) is rare, and blood donors in the United States are not routinely screened for this infection. We report a case of TAHA associated with a donation made 8 days after a donor returned from a trip to South America.Study Design and MethodsThis is a review of donor and recipient records and a review of the literature.ResultsA donor developed symptoms of hepatitis 20 days after donation (28 days after returning from South America). The donor reported the illness 56 days after donation when contacted to schedule another visit. By this time, the red blood cell and frozen plasma components had been transfused. The recipient of the plasma, a 15‐month‐old female, tested positive for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis A virus 43 days after transfusion. The recipient had displayed mild, nonspecific symptoms approximately 2 weeks after transfusion. Hospital infection control investigated the potential for further spread within the hospital because the recipient had been an inpatient for most of the posttransfusion period. The risk of transmission to other patients was determined to be negligible because the patient had been in isolation for other reasons. Family members, who included a health care professional, were counseled and offered prophylaxis.ConclusionTAHA may be underrecognized. This case was identified only because of a donor report at the time of recruitment. Asymptomatic donor viremia has been documented in plasma donors. Although TAHA rarely results in severe disease, the risk it creates of secondary transmission especially within the hospital setting is not inconsequential.
Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats
Authors: Jensen Kristine B. , Chan Daniel L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo review current and emerging nutritional approaches in the management of acute pancreatitis (AP) in people, dogs, and cats, and to provide a framework for further investigation in this field.Data sourcesVeterinary retrospective studies and reviews, human prospective clinical trials and reviews, and experimental animal studies focusing on nutritional management during AP.SummaryNutritional management is an important part of the treatment plan for patients with AP. In human medicine, the general approach for providing nutrition in patients with AP has changed in recent years and favors enteral over parenteral nutrition with an emphasis on early enteral nutrition (EN). Although there are limited data available, there is increasing evidence in the veterinary literature that supports the beneficial role of EN in AP and contradicts previous assumptions about poor tolerance to enteral feeding in this patient population. Parenteral nutrition may be appropriate alone or in combination with EN as a temporary measure in malnourished patients that do not tolerate adequate EN; however, enteral feeding should be attempted first in most cases. Immunonutrition is being investigated for its positive role in modulating pancreatic inflammation and improving gut barrier function in cases of human AP.ConclusionsThe nutritional management of veterinary patients with AP remains challenging. Based on clinical evidence in people, experimental animal studies, and preliminary studies in dogs and cats, the choice of EN over parenteral nutritional support during AP in dogs and cats appears to be beneficial and well tolerated. Optimization of nutritional therapies in dogs and cats including the use of immunonutrition during AP warrants further investigation.
CD4+ T cells enhance the unloaded shortening velocity of airway smooth muscle by altering the contractile protein expression
Authors: Matusovsky Oleg S. , Nakada Emily M. , Kachmar Linda , Fixman Elizabeth D. , Lauzon Anne‐Marie 
Published: April 2014

Key points
Activated CD4+ T cells enhance the contractility of airway smooth muscle.
In order to enhance contractility, contact between CD4+ T cells and smooth muscle is required.
The enhanced contractility is correlated with increased levels of fast myosin isoform.
Our data suggest that inflammatory cells promote airway smooth muscle hypercontractility in airway hyper‐responsiveness and asthma.
AbstractAbundant data indicate that pathogenesis in allergic airways disease is orchestrated by an aberrant T‐helper 2 (Th2) inflammatory response. CD4+ T cells have been localized to airway smooth muscle (ASM) in both human asthmatics and in rodent models of allergic airways disease, where they have been implicated in proliferative responses of ASM. Whether CD4+ T cells also alter ASM contractility has not been addressed. We established an in vitro system to assess the ability of antigen‐stimulated CD4+ T cells to modify contractile responses of the Brown Norway rat trachealis muscle. Our data demonstrated that the unloaded velocity of shortening (Vmax) of ASM was significantly increased upon 24 h co‐incubation with antigen‐stimulated CD4+ T cells, while stress did not change. Enhanced Vmax was dependent upon contact between the CD4+ T cells and the ASM and correlated with increased levels of the fast (+)insert smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoform. The levels of myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphorylation were also increased within the muscle. The alterations in mechanics and in the levels of contractile proteins were transient, both declining to control levels after 48 h of co‐incubation. More permanent alterations in muscle phenotype might be attainable when several inflammatory cells and mediators interact together or after repeated antigenic challenges. Further studies will await new tissue culture methodologies that preserve the muscle properties over longer periods of time. In conclusion, our data suggest that inflammatory cells promote ASM hypercontractility in airway hyper‐responsiveness and asthma.
Fibre type‐specific satellite cell response to aerobic training in sedentary adults
Authors: Fry Christopher S. , Noehren Brian , Mula Jyothi , Ubele Margo F. , Westgate Philip M. , Kern Philip A. , Peterson Charlotte A. 
Published: April 2014

Key points
Satellite cell activation and fusion accompany resistance exercise training.
Aerobic exercise training is capable of inducing subtle muscle fibre hypertrophy; however, the role of satellite cell activation during aerobic exercise‐induced muscle adaptation is unknown.
Twelve weeks of aerobic training in sedentary subjects yielded an increase in myosin heavy chain type I and type II muscle fibre cross‐sectional area.
Satellite cell activation and myonuclear addition occurred only in myosin heavy chain type I fibres, with no change in myosin heavy chain type II fibres.
These results help us better understand the role of satellite cells in muscle fibre adaptation to aerobic exercise, and suggest differential fibre type regulation of the myonuclear domain.
AbstractIn the present study, we sought to determine the effect of a traditional, 12 week aerobic training protocol on skeletal muscle fibre type distribution and satellite cell content in sedentary subjects. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis [n = 23 subjects (six male and 17 female); body mass index 30.7 ± 1.2 kg m−2] before and after 12 weeks of aerobic training performed on a cycle ergometer. Immunohistochemical analyses were used to quantify myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression, cross‐sectional area and satellite cell and myonuclear content. Following training, a decrease in MyHC hybrid type IIa/IIx fibre frequency occurred, with a concomitant increase in pure MyHC type IIa fibres. Pretraining fibre type correlated with body mass index, and the change in fibre type following training was associated with improvements in maximal oxygen consumption. Twelve weeks of aerobic training also induced increases in mean cross‐sectional area in both MyHC type I and type IIa fibres. Satellite cell content was also increased following training, specifically in MyHC type I fibres, with no change in the number of satellite cells associated with MyHC type II fibres. With the increased satellite cell content following training, an increase in myonuclear number per fibre also occurred in MyHC type I fibres. Hypertrophy of MyHC type II fibres occurred without detectable myonuclear addition, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying growth in fast and slow fibres differ. These data provide intriguing evidence for a fibre type‐specific role of satellite cells in muscle adaptation following aerobic training.
Polycystins and partners: proposed role in mechanosensitivity
Authors: Retailleau Kevin , Duprat Fabrice 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMutations of the two polycystins, PC1 and PC2, lead to polycystic kidney disease. Polycystins are able to form complexes with numerous families of proteins that have been suggested to participate in mechanical sensing. The proposed role of polycystins and their partners in the kidney primary cilium is to sense urine flow. A role for polycystins in mechanosensing has also been shown in other cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes. At the plasma membrane, polycystins interact with diverse ion channels of the TRP family and with stretch‐activated channels (Piezos, TREKs). The actin cytoskeleton and its interacting proteins, such as filamin A, have been shown to be essential for these interactions. Numerous proteins involved in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix junctions interact with PC1 and/or PC2. These multimeric protein complexes are important for cell structure integrity, the transmission of force, as well as for mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. A group of polycystin partners are also involved in subcellular trafficking mechanisms. Finally, PC1 and especially PC2 interact with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum and are essential components of calcium homeostasis. In conclusion, we propose that both PC1 and PC2 act as conductors to tune the overall cellular mechanosensitivity.