bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal expression of heat shock proteins in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with psychiatric comorbidities and their relation to seizure outcome
Authors: Kandratavicius Ludmyla , Hallak Jaime E. , Carlotti Carlos G. , Assirati Joao A. , Leite Joao P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveBiologic substrates behind the close association between mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and psychiatric comorbidities are largely unknown. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that play important roles in functions from cellular stress response to receptor trafficking control. There are controversial findings regarding HSP expression in epilepsy. Our goal was to examine HSP70 and HSP90 expression within the human hippocampal formation of MTLE patients with and without comorbid major depression and psychosis. In addition, we investigated the possible correlation between HSP expression and seizure outcome.MethodsMTLE hippocampi of subjects without psychiatric history, MTLE and major depression, and MTLE and interictal psychosis derived from epilepsy surgery and control necropsies were investigated for neuronal densities, HSP70 and HSP90 immunoreactive area.ResultsIncreased HSP expression in MTLE and decreased HSP expression in MTLE with psychosis cases were detailed. Patients taking fluoxetine showed increased HSP90 expression in CA1, and those taking haloperidol decreased HSP90 in the granular layer and subiculum. MTLE patients with complete seizure remission presented with decreased HSP70 expression in CA4 and subiculum and decreased HSP90 expression in the granular layer.SignificanceThe present results provide the first demonstration of HSP expression in human MTLE hippocampal formation with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Distinct HSP70 and HSP90 expression might explain some of the structural and synaptic alterations differentially regulated in MTLE with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Increased HSPs expression in key hippocampal subfields would reflect increased epileptogenicity and poorer outcome of epilepsy surgery.
Corticosterone Levels Correlate With Alloparental Care in a Sex‐Dependent Manner in African Striped Mice, Rhabdomys pumilio
Authors: Raynaud Julien , Schradin Carsten 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlloparental care of non‐breeders is the main characteristic of cooperatively breeding species. While many studies have contributed to the understanding of the evolutionary reasons why individuals provide care to young that are not their own offspring, the variables influencing and causing alloparental care are less understood. We tested in African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) whether age, sex, testosterone and corticosterone were correlated with alloparental care of non‐breeding helpers. We studied 11 family groups under controlled conditions in the laboratory, each with two juvenile and two adult helpers, one being male and one being female in each age category. We predicted male helpers to show more alloparental care than female helpers, as males are the dispersing sex and might thus have to pay for staying. We also expected adult helpers to show more alloparental care than juvenile helpers and both corticosterone and testosterone to correlate negatively with alloparental care. We found high levels of alloparental care in non‐breeding striped mice, which spent a significant amount of time in the nest, huddling and licking pups. There was neither a difference between the sexes nor between age categories (although both factors were significant in interaction terms), indicating either low costs and/or high benefits of alloparental care. Mothers showed significantly more care than helpers, and fathers showed similar levels of parental care as mothers but not significantly more than helpers. Although testosterone levels differed significantly between helpers of different age and sex, with adult male helpers showing the highest levels, we did not find any relationships between testosterone and the amount of alloparental care. Corticosterone levels were negatively correlated with alloparental care, and these effects were modulated by the sex and the age of helpers. In females, less alloparental care was shown with increasing corticosterone levels, while in males, the relationship was positive. Also, younger individuals with lower corticosterone levels showed more alloparental care than older individuals with low corticosterone levels. In sum, alloparental care is well developed in male and female non‐breeding helpers of striped mice, both in adult and juvenile helpers, but independently of testosterone, with corticosterone showing an age‐ and sex‐specific relationship with alloparental care.
Increased temperature, but not acidification, enhances fertilization and development in a tropical urchin: potential for adaptation to a tropicalized eastern Australia
Authors: Foo Shawna A. , Dworjanyn Symon A. , Khatkar Mehar S. , Poore Alistair G. B. , Byrne Maria 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo predict the effects of global change on marine populations, it is important to measure the effects of climate stressors on performance and potential for adaptation. Adaptation depends on heritable genetic variance for stress tolerance being present in populations. We determined the effects of near‐future ocean conditions on fertilization success of the sea urchinPseudoboletia indiana. In 16 multiple dam‐sire crosses, we quantified genetic variation in tolerance of warming (+3°C) and acidification (−0.3 to 0.5pHunits) at the gastrulation stage. Ocean acidification decreased fertilization across all dam‐sire combinations with effects ofpHsignificantly differing among the pairings. DecreasedpHreduced the percentage of normal gastrulae with negative effects alleviated by increased temperature. Significant sire by environment interactions indicated the presence of heritable variation in tolerance of stressors at gastrulation and thus the potential for selection of resistant genotypes, which may enhance population persistence. A low genetic correlation indicated that genotypes that performed well at gastrulation in lowpHdid not necessarily perform well at higher temperatures. Furthermore, performance at fertilization was not necessarily a good predictor of performance at the later stage of gastrulation. Southern range edge populations ofPseudoboletia indianamay benefit from future warming with potential for extension of their distribution in south‐east Australia.
Effect of hoof angle on joint contact area in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint following simulated impact loadingex vivo
Authors: McCarty C. A. , Thomason J. J. , Gordon K. , Hurtig M. , Bignell W. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyTo add to the existing data on impact loading of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint as a precursor to assessing the potential role of impact in joint disease.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of impact loading on contact areas of the first phalanx (P1) and proximal sesamoids (PS) with the third metacarpal (McIII) under 3 hoof‐strike conditions (toe‐first, flat, heel‐first).Study designRandomised, repeated controlled experiment using cadaver material.MethodsEight cadaver limbs were subjected to randomised, repeated controlled trials where the hoof was struck by a pendulum impact machine (impact velocity 3.55 m/s) under 3 strike conditions. Data from pressure sensitive film placed over medial and lateralMcIIIcondyles and lateromedially across the dorsal aspect ofMcIIIwere quantified: total areas of P1 andPScontact (cm2) at maximum recorded pressure; centroid locations of contact areas relative to the sagittal ridge (cm) and transverse ridge (cm) and dispersion of pixels (cm4) for eachMcIIIcondyle (medial/lateral). The effect of the strike conditions on each variable were statistically tested using repeated‐measuresANOVA(α = 0.05).ResultsContact area betweenP1andMcIIIcondyles fell in well‐defined areas bounded by the sagittal and transverse ridge, contact areas fromPSwere smaller and widely dispersed acrossMcIIIpalmar border. Ratio of contact area ofP1toPSwas 2.83 (P<0001). Hoof strike had no significant effect on contact area (P>0.54)ConclusionsContact at impact (primarily fromP1and distally situated onMcIII), contrasts with contact areas at midstance from bothP1 andPS, symmetrically placed. Under impact, the greatest contact area was on the dorsal aspect of the medial condyle and coincides with the area subjected to the greatest increase in subchondral bone stiffening in joint disease.
New insights in photoaging, UVA induced damage and skin types
Authors: Battie Claire , Jitsukawa Setsuko , Bernerd Françoise , Del Bino Sandra , Marionnet Claire , Verschoore Michèle 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUVA radiation is the most prevalent component of solar UV radiation; it deeply penetrates into the skin and induces profound alterations of the dermal connective tissue. In recent years, the detrimental effects of UVA radiation were more precisely demonstrated at cellular and molecular levels, using adequate methods to identify biological targets of UVA radiation and the resulting cascade impairment of cell functions and tissue degradation. In particular gene expression studies recently revealed that UVA radiation induces modulation of several genes confirming the high sensitivity of dermal fibroblasts to UVA radiation. The major visible damaging effects of UVA radiation only appear after years of exposure: it has been clearly evidenced that they are responsible for more or less early signs of photoageing and photocarcinogenesis. UVA radiation appears to play a key role in pigmented changes occurring with age, the major sign of skin photoaging in Asians. Skin susceptibility to photoaging alterations also depends on constitutive pigmentation. The skin sensitivity to UV light has been demonstrated to be linked to skin color type.
Increase of stratifin triggered by ultraviolet irradiation is possibly related to premature aging of human skin
Authors: Adachi Hiroaki , Murakami Yuhko , Tanaka Hiroshi , Nakata Satoru 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough ultraviolet (UV) rays cause premature aging of human skin, which is called photoaging, its detailed mechanisms are not known. Stratifin (SFN), a member of the 14‐3‐3 protein family, is secreted by keratinocytes on human skin, and has an effect on gene expression in other cells. In this study, the association of SFN with the mechanism of photoaging was investigated. The effect of UVB irradiation on SFN expression in epidermal keratinocytes was examined by in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the effects of SFN on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were examined. SFN mRNA expression and protein levels increased significantly in UVB‐irradiated keratinocytes. SFN significantly decreased filaggrin and serine palmitoyltransferase mRNA expression in epidermal keratinocytes and hyaluronan synthase 2 mRNA expression in dermal fibroblasts. In addition, it was reconfirmed that SFN induces the downregulation of collagen content through changes of COL‐1, MMP‐1 and MMP‐2 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, the expression level of SFN mRNA was significantly higher in sun‐exposed compared with that in sun‐shielded skin. These results suggest that SFN affects the water‐holding capacity, barrier function and dermal matrix components in photoaging skin. An increase of SFN triggered by UVB irradiation may be one of the causes of alterations observed in photoaging skin.
The clinical experience and efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency with fractional photothermolysis for aged Asian skin
Authors: Akita Hirotaka , Sasaki Ryosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Negishi Kei , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBipolar radiofrequency (RF) technology is developed based on fractional thermolysis, and the literature concerning the efficacy of the rejuvenation and treatment of acne scars has been reported in Europe and the United States of America. Therefore, we examined bipolar RF treatment using fractional thermolysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of Asian photo‐aging skin, particularly ‘wrinkles’ and ‘sagging.’ Ten Japanese women (mean age: 58.6, skin type III–IV) received three fractional bipolar RF treatments every 4–6 weeks. For the objective evaluation, we evaluated the improvement of the wrinkles on the forehead, lateral canthus (crow's feet) and lower eyelid, and the sagging of the nasolabial fold using digital photographs captured using Visia™. For the subjective evaluation, the participants were asked to describe the improvements observed in the wrinkles on the forehead, lateral canthus (crow's feet) and lower eyelid, and sagging nasolabial fold and to evaluate the level pain experienced using a 10‐point VAS score. The objective evaluation in each category showed significant improvements in the wrinkles on the lateral canthus (crow's feet) and lower eyelid. As for the nasolabial fold, 60% of the subjects showed improvements, scoring from good to excellent (51–100% improvement), although there was a little improvement of the wrinkle on the forehead. Similar improvements were observed in the subjective evaluation. During each treatment, oedema and erythema were observed in all participants, but the oedema disappeared the following day in all cases. However, mild erythema persisted for an average of 3.1 days. Micro debris disappeared after an average of 5.2 days. The participants were satisfied, as we allowed them to apply make‐up the next day. There were no other severe adverse reactions observed during the treatment. The 10‐point VAS score was 3.8, and no participants dropped out due to discomfort. Little improvement was observed in the forehead wrinkles in either the objective or the subjective evaluation. The results obtained in this study indicate that fractional bipolar RF is an effective and safe treatment for the ‘wrinkling’ and ‘sagging’ of Asian photo‐aging skin.
Site‐specific dynamics in remnant populations of Northern Wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe in the Netherlands
Authors: van Oosten H. Herman , Van Turnhout Chris , Hallmann Caspar A. , Majoor Frank , Roodbergen Maja , Schekkerman Hans , Versluijs Remco , Waasdorp Stef , Siepel Henk 
Published: September 2014

Dynamics of populations may be synchronized at large spatial scales, indicating driving forces acting beyond local scales, but may also vary locally as a result of site‐specific conditions. Conservation measures for fragmented and declining populations may need to address such local effects to avoid local extinction before measures at large spatial scales become effective. To assess differences in local population dynamics, we aimed to determine the demographic drivers controlling population trends in three remaining populations of the Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe in the Netherlands, as a basis for conservation actions. An integrated population model (IPM) was fitted to field data collected in each site in 2007–2011 to estimate fecundity, survival and immigration. Sites were 40–120 km apart, yet first‐year recruits were observed to move between some of the sites, albeit rarely. All three populations were equally sensitive to changes in fecundity and first‐year survival. One population was less sensitive to adult survival but more sensitive to immigration. A life table response experiment suggested that differences in immigration were important determinants of differences in population growth between sites. Given the importance of immigration for local dynamics along with high philopatry, resulting in low exchange between sites, creating a metapopulation structure by improving connectivity and the protection of local populations are important for the conservation of these populations. Site‐specific conservation actions will therefore be efficient and, for the short term, we propose different site‐specific conservation actions.
Hypoxic culture conditions enhance the generation of regulatory T cells
Authors: Neildez‐Nguyen Thi My Anh , Bigot Jérémy , Da Rocha Sylvie , Corre Guillaume , Boisgerault Florence , Paldi Andràs , Galy Anne 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe generation of large amounts of induced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells is of great interest for several immunotherapy applications, therefore a better understanding of signals controlling iTreg cell differentiation and expansion is required. There is evidence that oxidative metabolism may regulate several key signalling pathways in T cells. This prompted us to investigate the effects of oxygenation on iTreg cell generation by comparing the effects of atmospheric (21%) or of low (5%) O2 concentrations on the phenotype of bead‐stimulated murine splenic CD4+ T cells from Foxp3‐KI‐GFP T‐cell receptor transgenic mice. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was shown to play a major role in the generation of iTreg cells, a process characterized by increased levels of Sirt1, PTEN and Glut1 on the committed cells, independently of the level of oxygenation. The suppressive function of iTreg cells generated either in atmospheric or low oxygen levels was equivalent. However, greater yields of iTreg cells were obtained under low oxygenation, resulting from a higher proliferative rate of the committed Treg cells and higher levels of Foxp3, suggesting a better stability of the differentiation process. Higher expression of Glut1 detected on iTreg cells generated under hypoxic culture conditions provides a likely explanation for the enhanced proliferation of these cells as compared to those cultured under ambient oxygen. Such results have important implications for understanding Treg cell homeostasis and developing in vitro protocols for the generation of Treg cells from naive T lymphocytes.
The enhanced healing of a high‐risk, clean, sutured surgical incision by prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy as delivered by Prevena™ Customizable™: cosmetic and therapeutic results
Authors: Scalise Alessandro , Tartaglione Caterina , Bolletta Elisa , Calamita Roberto , Nicoletti Giovanni , Pierangeli Marina , Grassetti Luca , Di Benedetto Giovanni 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAccording to the literature, incisional closure complications may range from postoperative surgical site infections, representing 17–22% of health care‐associated infections, surgical wound dehiscence and formation of haematomas or seromas, and can lead to delayed or impaired incision healing. These kinds of situations are more common when wounds are closed under tension or in specific patient morbidities. Obesity, in particular, is associated with an impaired blood flow to tissues, predisposing the patient to increased risk of wound complications by various mechanisms. Incisional complications can become relevant economic burdens for health care systems because of an increase in the average length of hospital stay and readmissions, and additional medical and surgical procedures. Thus, a preventive therapy may have a critical role in the management of healing. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) technology as delivered by Prevena™ Customizable™ (Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) has recently been the focus of a new investigation, as a prophylactic measure to prevent complications via immediate postoperative application in high‐risk, clean, closed surgical incisions. The authors present a 62‐year‐old class II obese female, who underwent bilateral inguinal dermolipectomy. Prophylactic NPWT as delivered by Prevena™ was performed successfully over surgical incisions. Cosmetic and therapeutic results are shown.
Long‐term follow‐up of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: a limb salvage procedure?
Authors: Bollero Daniele , Degano Kiran , Gangemi Ezio N , Aloj Domenico , Malvasio Valeria , Stella Maurizio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a treatment to reduce oedema, stimulate granulation tissue formation, remove wound exudate and diminish wound area, thus preparing it for secondary healing, skin grafting or coverage with flaps. The association of instillation to NPWT (NPWTi) is a new method for treating severe wounds, in particular, limb lesions at high risk for amputation. This therapy helps to deliver instillation fluid automatically into the contaminated wound, before application of negative pressure. These steps, repeated cyclically, help to remove infectious material, leading to a better moist environment, a necessary condition for wound healing. We report our experience of treating three patients with complex wounds and associated noble structure exposition conservatively with NPWTi and flap coverage. In a long‐term follow‐up (5 years), we were able to achieve a stable surgery reconstruction on preserved limbs, without evidence of chronic infection and other sequelae or complications. Despite the fact that our experience is limited , as it is based on only a few cases, it suggests how NPWTi could be considered useful in a conservative approach to the treatment of acute complex wounds of the lower extremities. In these patients with high risk of amputation, a long‐term follow‐up becomes fundamental in order to evaluate wound bed status after NPTWi.
Flies who cannot take the heat: genome‐wide gene expression analysis of temperature‐sensitive lethality in an inbred line of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vermeulen C. J. , Sørensen P. , Gagalova K. K. , Loeschcke V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFitness decreases associated with inbreeding depression often become more pronounced in a stressful environment. The functional genomic causes of these inbreeding‐by‐environment (I × E) interactions, and of inbreeding depression in general, are poorly known. To further our understanding of I × E interactions, we performed a genome‐wide gene expression study of a single inbred line that suffers from temperature‐sensitive lethality. We confirmed that increased differential expression between the thermosensitive line and the control line occurs at the restrictive temperature. This demonstrates that I × E interactions in survival are reflected in similar I × E interactions at the gene expression level. To make an impression of the cellular response associated with the lethal effect, we analysed all functional annotation terms that were overrepresented among the differentially expressed genes. Some sets of differentially expressed genes function in the general stress response, and these are more likely to also be differentially expressed in other studies of inbreeding, inbreeding depression, immunity and heat stress. Other sets of differentially expressed genes are shared with studies of gene expression in inbred lines, but not studies of the response to extrinsic stress, and represent a general transcriptomic signature of inbreeding. Finally, some sets of genes have an annotation that is not reported in other studies. These we consider to be candidates for the genes harbouring the mutations responsible for the thermosensitive phenotype, as these mutations are expected to be unique to this line. These genes may also serve as candidate QTL in studies of thermal tolerance and heat resistance.