bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent predictors of failure up to 7.5 years after 35 386 single-brand cementless total hip replacements
Authors: Jameson S. S. , Baker P. N. , Mason J. , Rymaszewska M. , Gregg P. J. , Deehan D. J. , Reed M. R. 
Published: May 2013

The popularity of cementless total hip replacement (THR) has surpassed cemented THR in England and Wales. This retrospective cohort study records survival time to revision following primary cementless THR with the most common combination (accounting for almost a third of all cementless THRs), and explores risk factors independently associated with failure, using data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. Patients with osteoarthritis who had a DePuy Corail/Pinnacle THR implanted between the establishment of the registry in 2003 and 31 December 2010 were included within analyses. There were 35 386 procedures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the extent to which the risk of revision was related to patient, surgeon and implant covariates. The overall rate of revision at five years was 2.4% (99% confidence interval 2.02 to 2.79). In the final adjusted model, we found that the risk of revision was significantly higher in patients receiving metal-on-metal (MoM: hazard ratio (HR) 1.93, p < 0.001) and ceramic-on-ceramic bearings (CoC: HR 1.55, p = 0.003) compared with the best performing bearing (metal-on-polyethylene). The risk of revision was also greater for smaller femoral stems (sizes 8 to 10: HR 1.82, p < 0.001) compared with mid-range sizes. In a secondary analysis of only patients where body mass index (BMI) data were available (n = 17 166), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2significantly increased the risk of revision (HR 1.55, p = 0.002). The influence of the bearing on the risk of revision remained significant (MoM: HR 2.19, p < 0.001; CoC: HR 2.09, p = 0.001). The risk of revision was independent of age, gender, head size and offset, shell, liner and stem type, and surgeon characteristics.We found significant differences in failure between bearing surfaces and femoral stem size after adjustment for a range of covariates in a large cohort of single-brand cementless THRs. In this study of procedures performed since 2003, hard bearings had significantly higher rates of revision, but we found no evidence that head size had an effect. Patient characteristics, such as BMI and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, also influence the survival of cementless components.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:747–57.
Non-invasive imaging of cartilage in early osteoarthritis
Authors: Palmer A. J. R. , Brown C. P. , McNally E. G. , Price A. J. , Tracey I. , Jezzard P. , Carr A. J. , Glyn-Jones S. 
Published: May 2013

Treatment for osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally focused on joint replacement for end-stage disease. An increasing number of surgical and pharmaceutical strategies for disease prevention have now been proposed. However, these require the ability to identify OA at a stage when it is potentially reversible, and detect small changes in cartilage structure and function to enable treatment efficacy to be evaluated within an acceptable timeframe. This has not been possible using conventional imaging techniques but recent advances in musculoskeletal imaging have been significant. In this review we discuss the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis of the earliest changes of OA. The increasing number of MRI sequences that are able to non-invasively detect biochemical changes in cartilage that precede structural damage may offer a great advance in the diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating condition. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:738–46.
Zur Bücherverbrennung in Dortmund
Authors: Bohrmann Hans 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Zur Biografie des Gymnasiallehrers Dr. Hans Woelbing, der maßgeblich an der Bücherverbrennung in Dortmund beteiligt war, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Jahre ab 1926 in Dortmund und nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in Koblenz und Zweibrücken.
Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Regionalbibliotheken in der Sektion 4 des dbv
Authors: Siebert Irmgard 
Published: May 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Der Bericht enthält die wichtigsten Informationen über die Arbeit der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Regionalbibliotheken in der Sektion 4 des Deutschen Bibliotheksverbands (dbv) für die Jahre 2011 und 2012. Dargestellt werden im Überblick die Geschichte und Struktur der AG Regionalbibliotheken sowie die Aktivitäten (Sitzungen, Publikationen, Bibliothekartage) der AG für den Berichtszeitraum, und im Anschluss die aktuelle Debatte zum Thema Forschungsbibliotheken.
Method-specific differences in plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 measurement using four commercial ELISAs
Authors: Smith Edward R. , McMahon Lawrence P. , Holt Stephen G. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background: There is growing interest in measuring plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentration in a number of clinical settings. However, data comparing current commercial intact and C-terminal FGF23 assays is lacking.

Methods: We used plasma samples collected from a cohort of healthy adults and patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis therapy (n=67) to compare the precision, recovery, linearity and pre-analytical stability characteristics of four commercial FGF23 assays from Kainos, Millipore and Immutopics Inc. Method agreement was evaluated using Passing-Bablok regression and difference plot analysis.

Results: Both Millipore and Immutopics intact FGF23 kits demonstrated marked negative proportional bias relative to Kainos assay readout, particularly in the haemodialysis group, and poor recovery of purified FGF23 standard at high spiking concentrations. Dilution of high-reading samples with saline as recommended by the Immutopics kit resulted in significant deviation from linearity. Immutopics C-terminal FGF23 concentrations displayed a strong association with intact FGF23 concentrations determined with all three intact assays in the haemodialysis group, but showed no significant correlation within the physiological range. Only intact FGF23 measurements made with the Immutopics assay demonstrated evidence of significant instability 8 h after venepuncture.

Conclusions: Current ELISA kits for plasma intact FGF23 measurement show poor analytical agreement, and cannot be used interchangeably. This is mainly due to differences in calibration. Harmonisation of available assays using a common international standard would facilitate more meaningful interpretation of data from studies using different kits. Discordance between intact and C-terminal FGF23 assay measurements is more marked at physiological concentrations than in patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Nobelitis: a common disease among Nobel laureates?
Authors: Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Winning a Nobel Prize is a great personal achievement. Some Nobel laureates may consider that their award is a certificate of competence in any field. This may prompt them to undertake projects or accept positions which are beyond their capabilities. Since Nobels are awarded when the laureates have usually passed their prime, caution should be exercised when these individuals are offered highly influential positions in academia and elsewhere.
C-ORAL-JAPON: Corpus of Spontaneous Spoken Japanese
Authors: Garrote Marta , Kimura Chieko , Matsui Kengo , Moreno Sandoval Antonio , Takamori Emi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResearch on Language Technologies demands a wide range of linguistic resources. C-ORAL-JAPON is a corpus of spontaneous spoken Japanese. It has more than 12 recording hours and 149,380 words, divided into three types of texts: monologues, dialogues and conversations. The corpus is made up of 39 text files (transcription) aligned with the corresponding audio files. In total, 59 Japanese native speakers of different ages have participated in the corpus recordings. Thanks to its characteristics, this corpus is an ideal resource for linguistic or sociolinguistic studies, or to be used as working material in teaching Japanese as a foreign language.
Integrating Patient Incentives with Episode-Based Payment
Authors: Helmchen Lorens A. , Encinosa William E. , Chernew Michael E. , Hirth Richard A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
To rein in cost, payers are exploring bundled payment, which aggregates fees for a range of services into a single prospective payment. While under bundled payment providers would have incentives to reduce cost, they might also withhold more expensive care that patients prefer. We explore how bundled payment could be aligned with a benefit design that would encourage patients’ consideration of cost without jeopardizing access to the most expensive treatments. Least-costly-alternative approaches allow patient choice but might deter patients from choosing more expensive care by exposing them to potentially large out-of-pocket payments. A novel “shared-savings supplement” would reward patients for choosing the least costly alternative with a supplemental cash disbursement and thus allow them to share in any cost savings. This cash incentive for the least-costly-alternative allows a reduction of the out-of-pocket payment for the expensive alternative. Thus, patients would still have the option of the more expensive therapy while facing only a modest out-of-pocket cost. Such benefit modifications could be aligned with bundled payment by splitting the responsibility for the incremental cost of more expensive care between patients and their providers.
Comparison principles and Dirichlet problem for fully nonlinear degenerate equations
of Monge–Ampère type
Authors: Bardi Martino , Mannucci Paola 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.
We study fully nonlinear
partial differential equations of Monge–Ampère type involving the derivatives with respect to a family of vector fields. The main result is a comparison principle among viscosity subsolutions, convex with respect to , and viscosity supersolutions (in a weaker sense than usual), which implies the uniqueness of solution to the Dirichlet problem. Its assumptions include the equation of prescribed horizontal Gauss curvature in Carnot groups. By the Perron method we also prove the existence of a solution either under a growth condition of the nonlinearity with respect to the gradient of the solution, or assuming the existence of a subsolution attaining continuously the boundary data, therefore generalizing some classical result for Euclidean Monge–Ampère equations.
Retinoids and nuclear retinoid receptors in white and brown adipose tissues: physiopathologic aspects
Authors: Flajollet Sébastien , Staels Bart , Lefebvre Philippe 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Vitamin A, ingested either as retinol or β-carotene from animal- or plant-derived foods respectively, is a nutrient essential for many biological functions such as embryonic development, vision, immune response, tissue remodeling, and metabolism. Its main active metabolite is all trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which regulates gene expression through the activation of α, β, and γ isotypes of the nuclear atRA receptor (RAR). More recently, retinol derivatives were also shown to control the RAR activity, enlightening the interplay between vitamin A metabolism and RAR-mediated transcriptional control. The white and brown adipose tissues regulate the energy homeostasis by providing dynamic fatty acid storing and oxidizing capacities to the organism, in connection with the other fatty acid-consuming tissues. This concerted interorgan response to fatty acid fluxes is orchestrated, in part, by the endocrine activity of the adipose tissue depots. The adipose tissues are also sites for synthesizing and storing vitamin A derivatives, which will act as hormonal cues or intracellularly to regulate essential aspects of adipocyte biology. As agents that prevent adipocyte differentiation hence, expected to decrease fat mass, and inducers of uncoupling protein expression, thus, favoring energy expenditure, retinoids have prompted many investigations to decipher their roles in adipose tissue pathophysiology, which are summarized in this review.
Structure and function of MK5/PRAK: the loner among the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinases
Authors: Moens Ugo , Kostenko Sergiy 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are important signal transduction pathways that control pivotal cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, gene regulation, and motility. MAPK pathways consist of a relay of consecutive phosphorylation events exerted by MAPK kinase kinases, MAPK kinases, and MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are characterized by a conserved Thr-X-Tyr motif in the activation loop of the kinase domain, while atypical MAPKs lack this motif and do not seem to be organized into the classical three-tiered kinase cascade. One functional group of conventional and atypical MAPK substrates consists of protein kinases known as MAPK-activated protein kinases. Eleven mammalian MAPK-activated protein kinases have been identified, and they are divided into five subgroups: the ribosomal-S6-kinases RSK1-4, the MAPK-interacting kinases MNK1 and 2, the mitogen- and stress-activated kinases MSK1 and 2, the MAPK-activated protein kinases MK2 and 3, and the MAPK-activated protein kinase MK5 (also referred to as PRAK). MK5/PRAK is the only MAPK-activated protein kinase that is a substrate for both conventional and atypical MAPK, while all other MAPKAPKs are exclusively phosphorylated by conventional MAPKs. This review focuses on the structure, activation, substrates, functions, and possible implications of MK5/PRAK in malignant and nonmalignant diseases.
Qualitative themes of a listserv for parents of children with autism
Authors: Lazaro Jaclyn Ann , Bundy Myra Beth , English Stacy Lynn 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDigital forms of social interaction and communication have become increasingly prevalent in our society. Parents of children with autism are among the groups taking advantage of such online opportunities. In this study, 14 parents from a local listserv for parents or families of children with autism volunteered to allow their autism listserv posts to be documented for a period of 3 months. The content of the parental listserv posts concerned a variety of topics, ranging from legislation to very personal stories of the group. Eight overall themes of the listserv were identified. A review of this listserv’s themes suggested that this group of parents worked as a team; had concerns about medical costs, therapies, school environments, and the development of their child; relied on other parental support; advocated to raise awareness; and supported efforts to find treatments or even a cure for autism spectrum disorders.
Nephroprotective activity of Cocculus hirsutus leaf extract in 5/6 nephrectomized rat model
Authors: Gadapuram Tharun Kumar , Murthy Josyula Surya Narayana , Rajannagari Raja Reddy , Kandati Vasu , Choda Pradeep Kumar , Shukla Rahul 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background:
Cocculus hirsutus, commonly known as broom creeper, belongs to the family Menispermaceae. It is widely used in folk medicine to treat leprosy, skin diseases, dyspepsia, etc. Hence, an effort has been made to investigate the nephroprotective potential of C. hirsutus.

Methods: The nephroprotective activity of ethanolic C. hirsutus leaf extract (ECHE) in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat model was investigated. Different parameters like postoperative survival rate, change in body weight and levels of red blood corpuscles (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, urea and uric acid were estimated in experimental rats.

Results: The findings revealed the postoperative survival rate of rats in the investigated novel method to be 100%. Change in the body weight of ECHE-treated groups I and II was found to be 32 and 30 g, respectively. These values suggested that ECHE treatment normalized the elevated body weight levels in experimental rats. Furthermore, ECHE treatment normalized the decreased RBC levels and the elevated Hb, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels in experimental rats.

Conclusions: The results indicate that C. hirsutus has strong nephroprotective activity. However, further scrutiny is essential for isolation and characterization of the active components that can be employed to allay various human maladies.
Four-Area Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Power System Using Neuro-Fuzzy Hybrid Intelligent Proportional and Integral Control Approach
Authors: Giri Surya Prakash , Sinha Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents a novel control approach, hybrid neuro-fuzzy (HNF), for the load frequency control (LFC) of a four-area interconnected power system. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle nonlinearities, and at the same time, it is faster than other existing controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in increasing the damping of local and inter-area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in a four-area interconnected power system. Areas 1 and 2 consist of a thermal reheat power plant, whereas Areas 3 and 4 consist of a hydropower plant. Performance evaluation is carried out by using fuzzy, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and conventional proportional and integral (PI) control approaches. Four different models with different controllers are developed and simulated, and performance evaluations are carried out with said controllers. The result shows that the intelligent HNF controller has improved dynamic response and is at the same time faster than ANN, fuzzy, and conventional PI controllers.
Small-scale plasticity critically needs a new mechanics description
Authors: Ngan Alfonso H.W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractContinuum constitutive laws describe the plastic deformation of materials as a smooth, continuously differentiable process. However, provided that the measurement is done with a fine enough resolution, the plastic deformation of real materials is often found to comprise discrete events usually nanometric in size. For bulk-sized specimens, such nanoscale events are minute compared with the specimen size, and so their associated strain changes are negligibly small, and this is why the continuum laws work well. However, when the specimen size is in the micrometer scale or smaller, the strain changes due to the discrete events could be significant, and the continuum description would be highly unsatisfactory. Yet, because of the advent of microtechnology and nanotechnolgy, small-sized materials will be increasingly used, and so there is a strong need to develop suitable replacement descriptions for plasticity of small materials. As the occurrence of the discrete plastic events is also strongly stochastic, their satisfactory description should also be one of a probabilistic, rather than deterministic, nature.
Shift in failure modes in foam core sandwich composites subject to repeated slamming on water
Authors: Figueroa Evaristo , Shafiq Basir 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA test program designed and carried out to mimic the repeated impact of the bow section of fast-moving small boats on the ocean surface provided some unique observations in terms of failure mode transition. Damage progression and modes of failure were evaluated for two types of sandwich composites with comparable global strength and stiffness but different foam density and facesheet strength. Testing was performed on flat rectangular specimens that contained symmetric semi-elliptical edge flaws produced near the end of the specimen held by the rotating cam. Type 1 specimens (softer core/stronger facesheet) consistently failed by interface and through-the-thickness core shear, independent of the flaw size. In contrast, a gradual decrease in flaw size in Type 2 specimens (denser core/weaker facesheet) produced a striking transition in the mode of failure from local buckling in the vicinity of the flaw site along with exponentially increasing lifetime, to interface shear failure at the free end accompanied by a dramatic drop in lifetime. The lifetime of Type 2 specimens was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of Type 1 specimens.
Economic Development and the Legal Foundations of Regulation in Brazil
Authors: de Castro Marcus F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe paper describes the evolution of legal ideas underlying authoritative discourse used as grounds for changes in economic policy in Brazil. It examines the role of legal ideas in the shaping of policy since the rise of enlarged administrative power in the nineteenth century to the emergence of the developmentalist state in the 1930s, to pro-market reforms of the mid-1990s and early twenty-first century. A description of the contrasts between three major clusters of legal ideas is offered, covering: imported French-style legal doctrinalism in the “classical liberal” era (1850–1930), changes introduced by the administrative law of the “old developmentalism” (1930–1980), and imported Anglo-Saxon legal and economic concepts of the pro-market reforms phase (1990–2000).
Government–Third Sector Relations in European Rural Development: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Iliopoulos Constantine N. , Valentinov Vladislav , Kvartiuk Vasyl , Bartkowski Bartosz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRural development has significantly benefited from intensifying relations between the government and third sector organizations (TSOs) during the last several decades. TSOs can induce innovation in rural development in a variety of ways including advocacy, awareness raising, contracting, and direct delivery of public goods. However, there is a growing concern that these partnerships may be prone to inefficiencies due to adverse fundraising incentives. Utilizing Young’s (2000) typology in a literature review, this paper illuminates potential causes for mission and goal displacement due to adverse incentives generated by public funding programs. The paper suggests that complementary and supplementary TSOs are generally more likely to suffer from adverse incentives in comparison to adversarial ones. Institutional merging between the TSOs and the state may significantly limit the scope for innovation in rural development.
Intellectual property protection strategies for nanotechnology
Authors: Zhang Yuanjia , Sulfab Maisoun , Fernandez Dennis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe field of nanotechnology has been widely recognized as comparable to biotechnology and digital information revolutions. As a general-purpose technology, nanotechnology is expected to have widespread applications across many critical industrial sectors. The growing market and competition require careful attention to intellectual property (IP) rights and strategies. The American patent system is currently going through the biggest reform since the passage of Patent Act of 1952, and many changes apply directly to the field of nanotechnology. This review discusses basic IP definitions, recent IP developments, and advanced protection strategies to better understand the status quo of IP specifically in nanotechnology. The potential impact from the patent system reform is also discussed.