bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diallel Analysis of Fiber Quality Traits with an Emphasis on Elongation in Upland Cotton
Authors: Ng E.‐H. , Smith C.W. , Hequet E. , Hague S. , Dever J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) industry in the United States has shifted from a domestic market to an export‐based market that mandates simultaneous improvements of yield and various fiber traits to maintain competitiveness. Fiber elongation (ability to stretch before breaking) is one of the key fiber parameters in determining yarn quality. It is a trait that is largely understudied due to an absence of monetary incentives for growers to produce high‐elongation cotton fibers. Five upland genotypes were selected as representatives of major upland cotton germplasm pools in the United States. These genotypes and their 10 F1 progenies were grown in College Station, TX, in 2010 and 2011, and fiber properties were tested in a diallel analysis. Overall, general combining ability was greater than specific combining ability for fiber elongation, suggesting the predominance of additive gene action. Two parental lines, cultivar PSC 355 and germplasm line Dever Line 8, were identified as good combiners for fiber elongation when fibers were measured with the High Volume Instrument (HVI) and the Stelometer. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between fiber upper‐half mean length and elongation, whereas a slight negative correlation was observed for elongation and strength. Stelometer and HVI readings for elongation were correlated with r value of 0.69.
Physiological and Phenological Responses of Historical Soybean Cultivar Releases to Earlier Planting
Authors: Rowntree Scott C. , Suhre Justin J. , Weidenbenner Nicholas H. , Wilson Eric W. , Davis Vince M. , Naeve Seth L. , Casteel Shaun N. , Diers Brian W. , Esker Paul D. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe trend toward earlier soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting in the midwestern United States has interacted synergistically with genetic yield gain to provide improvement in on‐farm yields. However, the impacts of earlier planting dates and their interaction with genetic gain in physiological and phenological traits remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine if a 30‐d difference in planting date affected measured rates of genetic improvement in (i) total dry matter (TDM) production, (ii) harvest index (HI), and (iii) growth‐stage duration in the north‐central United States. Research was conducted at Arlington, WI, Urbana, IL, and Lafayette, IN during 2010 and 2011 using 59 Maturity Group (MG) II cultivars (released 1928–2008) at Wisconsin, and 57 MG III cultivars (released 1923–2007) at Illinois and Indiana, with targeted planting dates of 1 May and 1 June. A mixed‐effect regression analysis was used to model genetic change in TDM, HI, and growth stage duration as impacted by planting date. Breeding efforts have increased TDM(R7), HI, seed‐fill duration (SFD), and reproductive growth duration over time, as vegetative growth duration has been reduced. Early planting provided increased TDM(R7) and longer reproductive growth duration, but had no effect on HI or SFD. A synergistic planting date × year of release interaction existed for TDM(R7) in both maturity groups, but not for HI or SFD, suggesting that the higher yields in newer, early‐planted cultivars resulted from greater TDM production, not improved HI or SFD.
Characterization of Drought‐Tolerant Maize MON 87460 for Use in Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Sammons* Bernard , Whitsel Joy , Stork LeAnna G. , Reeves William , Horak Michael 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMON 87460 is a maize (Zea mays L.) product that expresses cold shock protein B to impart drought tolerance. Here we describe our evaluation of MON 87460 for agronomic and phenotypic parameters, ecological interactions, reactions to abiotic stressors, ability to persist in uncultivated areas, root growth, and across‐season water use compared with those of a conventional control hybrid with a similar genetic background. These data were used for the environmental risk assessment of MON 87460, a process required for commercialization of any new genetically modified crop. Any statistically significant differences were considered in the context of the genetic variation known to occur in maize and were assessed for their potential impact on plant pest (weed) potential and their potential environmental impact. The environmental risk assessment included several product‐specific studies to assess the trait for unintended effects such as tolerance to stresses other than drought. The results of these studies revealed no effects of the genetic modification that would result in increased pest potential or adverse environmental impact of MON 87460 compared with a conventional control and no evidence for pleiotropic effects. The results of the plant characterization studies and the subsequent environmental risk assessment support the conclusion that the environmental risks associated with cultivation or import of MON 87460 are no different from the risks associated with conventional maize.
Effect of an Introgressed Nicotiana tomentosa Leaf Number QTL on Yield and Quality Characteristics in Flue‐Cured Tobacco
Authors: Eickholt David P. , Lewis Ramsey S. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIncreased cured leaf yield is an important breeding target for flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), but genetic improvement for this trait has slowed in the last thirty years. Yield is positively correlated with days to flowering and leaf number in this species. Use of novel allelic diversity influencing these traits might contribute to further yield improvement. In this study, an introgressed quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting flowering time and leaf number, designated as Many Leaves (Ml), was backcrossed into three genetic backgrounds of flue‐cured tobacco. Field evaluation of nearly isogenic MlMl lines and Mlml hybrids indicated that the QTL acted in an additive to partially dominant fashion to delay flowering and increase leaf number. This resulted in significant increases in yield and cash return per hectare. As the zygosity of Ml increased, corresponding decreases in percentage total alkaloids and increases in percentage reducing sugars were observed, however. Incorporation of Ml into flue‐cured tobacco breeding programs may be useful for increasing cured leaf yields in certain environments. Concurrent modification of the genetic potential to accumulate alkaloids would be also important under current industry requirements, however.
Structural Equation Modeling Facilitates Transdisciplinary Research on Agriculture and Climate Change
Authors: Smith Richard. G. , Davis Adam S. , Jordan Nicholas R. , Atwood Lesley W. , Daly Amanda B. , Grandy A. Stuart , Hunter Mitchell C. , Koide Roger T. , Mortensen David A. , Ewing Patrick , Kane Daniel , Li Meng , Lou Yi , Snapp Sieglinde S. , Spokas Kurt A. , Yannarell Anthony C. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, funding agencies are investing in integrated and transdisciplinary research to tackle “grand challenge” priority areas, critical for sustaining agriculture and protecting the environment. Coordinating multidisciplinary research teams capable of addressing these priority areas, however, presents its own unique set of challenges, ranging from bridging across multiple disciplinary perspectives to achieve common questions and methods to facilitating engagement in holistic and integrative thinking that promotes linkages from scholarship to societal needs. We propose that structural equation modeling (SEM) can provide a powerful framework for synergizing multidisciplinary research teams around grand challenge issues. Structural equation modeling can integrate both visual and statistical expression of complex hypotheses at all stages of the research process, from planning to analysis. Three elements of the SEM framework are particularly beneficial to multidisciplinary research teams; these include (i) a common graphical language that transcends disciplinary boundaries, (ii) iterative, critical evaluation of complex hypotheses involving manifest and latent variables and direct and indirect interactions, and (iii) enhanced opportunities to discover unanticipated interactions or causal pathways as empirical data are tested statistically against the model. Using our ongoing multidisciplinary, multisite field investigation of climate change adaptation and mitigation in annual row crop agroecosystems as a case study, we demonstrate the value of the SEM framework for project design, coordination, and implementation and provide recommendations for its broader application as a means to more effectively engage and address issues of critical societal concern.
MODIFICATION OF ECDIS INTERFACE FOR THE PURPOSES OF GEOINFORMATIC SYSTEM FOR PORT SECURITY
Authors: Kazimierski Witold , Wawrzyniak Natalia 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The paper presents a functional concept of an interface for one of the users in Geoinformatic System for Port Security. The system goal is to support port security by providing a selected groups of information and displaying them on precise charts. The complex system assumes simultaneous employing of various users including port management and port authorities. One of the planned users is patrol boat crew, which role is to be a mobile tool for waterways monitoring and should perform as on-scene sensor. The interface concept presented in the paper is based on ECDIS, as it was assumed, that the user on patrol boat is usually familiar with thus system. The goal of the research was to create interface project with the principles of UCD (User Centered Design) based on CHI (Computer-Human Interaction) approach. In the article the short functional analysis of standard ECDIS interface is presented. It is followed by comparison between its common users and the future users of GEO system with the emphasis on their requirements, expectations and demands. As a result a group of dedicated, user-orientated functions were agreed. A modification of ECDIS user interface is proposed in order to implement mentioned features.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DOPPLER AIDED GPS/QZSS PRECISE POSITIONING FOR LAND VEHICLES
Authors: Lee Byung-Hyun , Jee Gyu-In 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
For ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems), especially for land vehicles, precise position is the prime information. GNSS is the most popular navigation system. Generally, ITS demands lane distinguishable positioning accuracy. However urban area is most environments of land vehicles and the signal blocks of satellite with low elevation angle, multipath error and etc. make unreliable positioning results. Especially, lack of number of visible satellites (fewer than 4 satellites) cannot provide positioning results. QZSS (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System) which operated by Japan has high interoperability. In addition, its elevation angle is very high in long time in Korea. It means QZSS signal can be received in urban area and it can be great advantage for land vehicles. The most positioning errors are occurred by multipath, cycle slip, and etc. For example, multipath error is unexpected momentary error. In order to reduce position error, smoothing technique in position domain is needed. In this paper, precise positioning for land vehicles was evaluated. First, by using QZSS, probability of navigation solution was enhanced. Second, the reliability is improved by smoothing positioning result using Doppler measurement. The analysis was performed by trajectory analysis using precise map data.
LOW-COST NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES — PART 2: ATTITUDE DETERMINATION AND CONTROL
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Rodríguez Leopoldo , Kaharkar Anish , Bartel Celia , Shaid Tesheen , Zammit-Mangion David 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the second part of the research activity performed by Cranfield University to assess the potential of low-cost navigation sensors for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This part focuses on carrier-phase Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for attitude determination and control of small to medium size UAVs. Recursive optimal estimation algorithms were developed for combining multiple attitude measurements obtained from different observation points (i.e., antenna locations), and their efficiencies were tested in various dynamic conditions. The proposed algorithms converged rapidly and produced the required output even during high dynamics manoeuvres. Results of theoretical performance analysis and simulation activities are presented in this paper, with emphasis on the advantages of the GNSS interferometric approach in UAV applications (i.e., low cost, high data-rate, low volume/weight, low signal processing requirements, etc.). The simulation activities focussed on the AEROSONDE UAV platform and considered the possible augmentation provided by interferometric GNSS techniques to a low-cost and low-weight/volume integrated navigation system (presented in the first part of this series) which employed a Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) system, a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensor (MEMS) based Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and code-range GNSS (i.e., GPS and GALILEO) for position and velocity computations. The integrated VBN-IMU-GNSS (VIG) system was augmented using the inteferometric GNSS Attitude Determination (GAD) sensor data and a comparison of the performance achieved with the VIG and VIG/GAD integrated Navigation and Guidance Systems (NGS) is presented in this paper. Finally, the data provided by these NGS are used to optimise the design of a hybrid controller employing Fuzzy Logic and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) techniques for the AEROSONDE UAV.
The Effect of Herb Layer on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities
Authors: Horváth Bálint , Tóth Viktória , Kovács Gyula 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Vegetation beneath the canopy might be an important factor for macromoth community composition in forest ecosystems, strongly determined by forest management practices. Herein, we compared nocturnal macrolepidoptera communities and herb layers in young and old sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dominated forest stands in the Sopron Mountains (Western Hungary). The investigation of Lepidoptera species was performed 15 times from the end of March to the end of October in 2011. Portable light traps were used, and a total of 257 species and 5503 individuals were identified. The Geometridae family was the most abundant, followed by Noctuidae and Notodontidae. To investigate vascular plant species in the herb layer, circular plots with a 10-m radius around the moth traps were used. In each plot, we estimated the abundance of plant species in 20 sub-plots with a 1-m radius from May to July of 2011. The abundance of macromoth species was higher in the old forest stand, which might be influenced by the trees’ higher foliar biomass. However, the mean abundance of herbs was lower in the old forest. Diversity of both the herb layer and the moth community were significantly higher in the young forest. However we found higher species richness of moths in the old forest. For additional analyses, moths feeding on plants in the herb layer were selected, but neither the difference in species number, neither mean abundance between the young and old forest were significant. Our results suggest that the herb layer is not a key factor for macrolepidoptera communities in Hungarian sessile oak forest stands.
Occurrence and Diversity of Soilborne Phytophthoras in a Declining Black Walnut Stand in Hungary
Authors: Kovács Judit , Lakatos Ferenc , Szabó Ilona 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The paper reports on the occurrence and impact of Phytophthora species in a declining eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) stand in West Hungary. The health condition of the trees was investigated and soil samples were taken from the rhizosphere of the trees two times per year in 2011 and 2012 in order to isolate Phytophthora species. Altogether 20 trees were selected for investigations. The species identity of the isolates was determined by morphological and molecular methods. Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora plurivora were found as supposedly responsible for the decline of the trees. The abundance of the two species was changing at the different sampling times, presumably due to the different weather conditions. The intraspecific diversity of both species was estimated based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of the isolates.
Assessment of Quality-related Risks by the Use of Complex Networks
Authors: Csiszér Tamás 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This study introduces the NTS network as a new way of analysing, verifying and improving quality-related risk assessment. NTS is based on a network science approach that models complex systems by graphs. By using N, T and S-Graphs as the elements of NTS, risk events that play special role in the risk management system can be identified. Based on their characteristics, the strength of their potential causal connections can be recalculated, providing more precise predictions of the occurrence frequencies of events.
“Morals and ethics and law, oh my!” – an historical perspective on the aba model rules of professional conduct
Authors: Rendleman Dennis A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the tensions between moral obligations, ethical rules and legal requirements contained within the American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conducts by reviewing the history and evolution of the Model Rules and the conflicting societal purposes served by the Rules regarding client protection, attorney regulation, jurisprudential philosophy and social justice. Equally important is a discussion of the parallel development of attorney discipline.
The State of Rural Sociology as Presented in Four Periodicals – Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies, Eastern European Countryside
Authors: Zabłocki Grzegorz 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article is an analysis of differences and similarities between four Englishlanguage journals on rural sociology. The comparison covered topics discussed in about 600 articles published in the journals in the years 1995-2010 and the regional affiliation of their authors. In the comparison, all articles and texts on empirical research published in this period in Eastern European Countryside were considered. In total, 141 texts were published in this annual journal. Out of the three other journals (Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies) 50 articles for each of three periods: 1995-1996, 2002-2003, 2008-2009, were selected.
Results of the comparison show that the journals have strictly regional profiles, and that present rural sociology does not seem to be the science on social phenomena in world-wide rural areas. Rural sociology used in the four studied journals does not develop the knowledge that would be useful in solving problems of the rural population. In the three journals under study (Rural Sociology, Sociologia Ruralis, Journal of Rural Studies) almost exclusively sociology of rural areas in Western Europe and Northern America was developed, and their contributors were almost always authors from the two regions. The fourth journal - Eastern European Countryside - was concerned, adequately to its title, with rural phenomena in Central and Eastern Europe
Looking for a Specificity of Rural Youth. The Polish Case
Authors: Szafraniec Krystyna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In social consciousness a view is embedded that our rural and agrarian areas are our weakness which limits our development potential and social change. Whatever the reasons (mostly historical) for this view, the divide into rural and urban areas, Poland A and Poland B, is frequently referred to and just as frequently exaggerated, supporting thus various stereotypes and prejudices.1 Do they also concern the young generation?
Rural areas in Poland are subject to dynamic transformation. The image of rural areas and its reception across society is changing positively. The favourable balance between migration and a growing interest among young people in the countryside as a future place of residence can be used as an example. However, this does not mean that the problem of rural areas and regional differences in Poland has been resolved. Neither do the changes happen as rapidly as could have been expected, nor do they happen in parallel in terms of geography and social structure. Not all of them are positive. The large number of small farms (although land concentration was expected in agriculture) is disturbing. The succession to economically weak farmsteads (which shows that in the face of no employment and non-agricultural life prospects an economically non-viable farm seems - from an individual perspective - the best possible solution). This phenomenon gives rise to many questions. Here, we only want to discuss the questions concerning the young generation - whether their aspirations and life goals, educational decisions, places of residence can be conducive to change (inside and outside rural areas) or rather impede them?
Local Initiatives for Rural Vitality and Social Inclusion: Some Experiences from Serbia
Authors: Vujicic Milica , Ristic Lela , Ciric Nata 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify the main problems related to the sustainable development of rural communities, as well as the possible solutions to overcome them. This paper uses an analytical and synthetic approach, method of comparison and analogy, and descriptive analysis. The starting point of the research is actually a brief overview of the current situation in rural Serbia, while the central part of the paper presents an analysis concerning the development of the rural economy in the representative villages of Grabovica and Ribare in the Republic of Serbia. Research results are given in the form of specific guidelines for a new approach to local rural development and strengthening the role and responsibilities of local government in the development process. The main conclusion that follows from the results of the research is that continued and constant work is needed in order to empower local communities to take responsibility for their own development, as well as to support local initiatives to this end.
Is Small Beautiful? The Debate on the Future of Small Individual Farms in Poland
Authors: Szumelda Anna 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The main concern of this article is to collect and discuss cases that are advanced for and against small agricultural farms at the international level in the EU and the national level in Poland and to make an assessment of these cases in the context of sustainable rural development. Cases concerning small farms and put forward by different actors reflect their visions of agriculture and rural development. Taking a closer look at those cases is interesting in the context of sustainability considerations, as there is a widespread programmatic demand for sustainable rural development, but at the same time visions for rural development may differ widely, and the question what exactly is meant to be sustainable often remains unanswered. Before the various arguments raised for and against small farms are discussed, some evidence from two Polish rural regions is presented. The empirical research was conducted in April and May 2012 in Eastern and Southern Poland in the context of my PhD-thesis. After presenting statements made by Polish smallholders, an assessment of the initially collected cases is made in the context of sustainable rural development. A.comparison of cases made for and against small farms and findings from empirical research shows that small farms do in fact have the potential to contribute to sustainable rural development.