bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O-112 CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINTING SHOP PARTICLES AND THEIR HEALTH EFFECTS ON THE CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Hongbo , Lyu Lizhi , Li Zihui , He Langzhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Printers can release numerous particles to contaminate indoor environments and pose health risks.

Methods
To assess the health risks of printer operator, this study investigated the physicochemical properties of printer-emitted particles (PEPs) and their impact on cardiopulmonary system.

Results
The result showed that the concentration of PEPs in the printing shop was high and closely related to the printing workload. The particle sizes of PEPs were less than 900 nm, and 47.99% of PEPs was less than 200 nm. PEPs contained 68.92% organic carbon, 5.31% elemental carbon, 3.17% metal elements, and 22.60% other inorganic additives. Different printing equipment, printing setting, and environmental conditions can all affect the level of PEPs. Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels were 131.08 ng/mg in PEPs. Following a 21 day whole-body inhalation exposure to PEPs, there was modest lung injury and inflammation in the respiratory tract, and obvious changes in left ventricular pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) in rats. Printing room workers with more than 10 years of working age presented the most significant cardiopulmonary function injury with increased blood pressure indices and decreased lung function indices.

Discussion and conclusion
A two-stage crossover study showed short-term exposure to printing shop particles can affect HRV parameters in healthy subjects, reflecting changes in cardiac autonomic nervous activity, and the use of an air purifier can reduce the concentration of PSPs and improve the autonomic nervous system activity of the exposed individuals. Our findings suggest PEPs may present significant health risks through adverse cardiopulmonary effects, especially in occupational settings, among susceptible individuals, and with long-term exposure.
O-113 OCULAR SYMPTOMS OF SICK BUILDING SYNDROME AMONG OFFICE WORKERS AT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL: ASSOCIATIONS WITH INDOOR AIR QUALITY
Authors: Wangsan Kampanat , Surawattanasakul Vithawat , Sirikul Wachiranun , Sapbamrer Ratana , Panumasvivat Jinjuta , Assavanopakun Pheerasak , Muangkaew Supang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) represents a significant health concern associated with indoor air quality. Among the various symptoms of SBS, ocular complications stand out as a major issue, particularly within office environments. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and associated factors of ocular complications resulting from SBS among office workers in administrative offices at an academic medical institute.

Methods
This cross-sectional analytical study employed a self-reporting questionnaire to assess the characteristics of workers, their working conditions, and their perceptions of the workplace environment. Additionally, the study included a building assessment conducted through a walk-through survey and indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements.

Results
Out of the 290 office workers surveyed, 261 individuals (90%) from 25 offices within 11 buildings participated in the study. Among these participants, 71 (27.2%) reported experiencing ocular SBS symptoms. Factors associated with ocular SBS included: Computer screen usage (a OR 1.21) High air temperature (a OR 2.20) Low relative humidity (a OR 1.67) High total variable bacteria count (a OR 1.32) Elevated CO2 levels (a OR 1.04) Increased formaldehyde levels (a OR 5.90)

Discussion, Conclusion
This study revealed a higher prevalence of ocular SBS compared to previous research. Beyond poor IAQ, our findings suggest that computer screen usage may exacerbate ocular SBS. To prevent ocular SBS, we recommend controlling indoor air temperatures and relative humidity. Furthermore, addressing formaldehyde sources, as well as improving indoor ventilation systems to reduce formaldehyde and CO2 levels, should be considered. Implementing proper computer screen usage practices can also help reduce the incidence of ocular SBS.
P-191 INFLUENCE OF TASK-BASED AIRBORNE LEAD EXPOSURES ON BLOOD LEAD LEVELS: A CASE STUDY OF INFORMAL AUTOMOBILE REPAIR ARTISANS IN NAKURU TOWN, KENYA
Authors: Odongo Alfred Owino 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lead poisoning is an emerging worldwide public health concern, especially in the developing countries. Occupational tasks such as spray painting and welding in informal automobile repair enterprises present risks of exposures to lead generally through inhalation and ingestion. The artisans therefore risk high blood lead (BPb) levels, which is critical to chronic adverse health effects of lead. The study aimed at assessing the influence of occupational tasks on personal airborne lead exposures and to evaluate the association between these exposures with blood lead (BPb) levels among the artisans

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten informal automobile repair workshops. Task-specific personal inhalable air samples and blood samples were collected concurrently for 20 participants performing five distinct occupational tasks. Lead levels were analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and data analysed by analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions

Results
The results indicated significant differences in airborne lead (PbA) exposure levels in different occupational tasks (p=0.000). Lead–acid battery repairs recorded mean PbA exposure level of [76.11±(10.81SE)µg/m3] exceeding the WHO 50µg/m3 airborne lead permissible exposure limit. The average (PbA) exposure level was 22.55±(5.05SE)µg/m3, while the mean (BPb) level was 25.08±(3.48 SE)µg/dl. A significant positive correlation between task-based airborne lead with blood lead levels was observed (r=0.68,p=0.001)

Discussion and Conclusion
The occupational tasks influenced personal airborne lead exposure levels, which in turn was an important predictor of blood lead levels. The study recommends lead exposure assessments, medical screening and intervention measures to minimize the risk and consequences of occupational exposures to lead among the study population
O-114 SENSOR SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AIRBORNE CHEMICALS IN WORKPLACES: LET’S MAKE CHEMICAL RISK VISIBLE
Authors: Tranfo Giovanna , Natale Corrado Di , Macagnano Antonella , Catini Alexandro , Gherardi Monica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Occupational chemical exposure is generally low but chronic and peaks can occur: these can be the causes for occupational diseases.

Methods
Limits refer to average values during 8 hours, giving no idea of the peaks to which a worker is exposed during his shift. Existing sensors are mainly alarm devices, sensitive but not specific, while they should measure real time concentration of airborne chemicals in a sensitive, specific and quantitative way. The workplace atmosphere composition depends on the activities carried out, when and where. Suitable sensors should measure one substance independently from others, and resist to environmental interferences like dustiness, extreme temperatures and humidity, electromagnetic fields, falls and vibrations. The design of such sensor systems has been the objective of the INAIL research projects. Different sensors have been developed, having high affinity for different substances.

Results
The lesson learned is that we cannot answer the question “What is in the air?” using only one sensor, and also when using an array of sensors and their combinatorial selectivity, it is still difficult to identify the contaminants and in which exact amounts these are present in any time and point.

Discussion
A sensor system should be composed of an array of interchangeable sensors and it should be customizable for detecting the substances present in a specific workplace by means of machine learning, plus personal sensors that the workers can easily wear, subjected to the same space and time variability of the workers breathing zone.

Conclusion
Real time reading instruments make visible the exposure profile increasing risk perception and protecting worker health.
O-115 IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOST PREVALENT TOXIC EFFECT CLASSES OF AIRBORNE CHEMICALS MEASURED DURING INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE REGULATORY INSPECTIONS IN US WORKPLACES
Authors: Pomerleau Maude , Sarazin Philippe , Ho Vikki , Bosson-Rieutort Delphine , Lavoue Jerome 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Occupational exposure to multiple chemicals (multiexposures) is more frequent than exceptional. This project explores how multiexposures can be translated into potential toxic risks to workers’ health

Methods
Measurement data collected by U.S Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspectors were linked to the MiXie database, which identifies classes of toxic effects (n=24) for &gt; 700 chemicals. The unit of analysis, a workplace situation (WS), corresponded to measurements taken for the same job title within a company within a year. Depending on the agents measured and detected, the relevant toxic effect classes from MiXie were attributed to each WS. Across all WSs, we identified the most prevalent classes and evaluated associations between classes using clustering approaches.

Results
The OSHA database included 340,837 personal detected measurements of 206 airborne chemicals from 123,964 WSs collected between 1971-2021. WSs had a median of 2 (1-218) measurements and 5 (1-20) toxic effect classes. The five toxic effect classes associated with the most WSs were Carcinogenicity and/or mutagenicity (60% of measurements), Central nervous system damage (58%), Lower airway damage (54%), Upper airway damage (53%), and Ocular damage (49%). Airway damage (upper/lower), Ocular damage and Skin damage classes were clustered.

Discussion
Although the OSHA database data is not representative of all occupational multiexposure situations in the US, its objectively-measured exposures allow the exploration of potential toxic effects in workers.

Conclusion
Our approach provides some insight into the additive toxic effects associated with multiexposures to frequently measured airborne chemicals in the US.
O-118 AIHA EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT STRATEGY AND THE USE OF STATISTICAL METHODS TO EVALUATE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE EXPOSURES
Authors: Gruetzmacher George 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction and methods
The American Industrial Hygiene Association has developed an exposure assessment strategy and has emphasized the use of statistical methods for the evaluation of industrial hygiene sampling data.

Results
They have found that professional industrial hygienists have typically underestimated exposures, and encourage the use of both heuristics and mathematical methods to reduce professional bias. To support statistical analysis, they have provided free online analytical tools, and free online training.

Discussion
The strategy is an iterative approach, starting with simpler qualitative measures and advancing to more complex quantitative measures as necessary. The qualitative tools can be easily used by observation, and the quantitative tools can be implemented when industrial hygiene sampling can be conducted.

Conclusion
This presentation will review the strategy, then introduce and discuss the various tools available. By using a structured approach, and statistical analytical tools, industrial hygienists will be able to make more accurate exposure assessments. This will help identify elevated employee exposures, allow proper control targeting, and reduce the overall burden of occupational illness and disease.
P-193 FINER PARTICLES GENERATED FROM CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS IN AN OCCUPATIONAL SETTING
Authors: Ikegami Akihiko , Kumoi Jun , Matsumi Yutaka , Fujitani Yuji , Ichihara Gaku , Yano Takeo , Ichihara Sahoko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is a leading functional material with superior strength and low mass density compared to metal. Our previous factory site analyses have confirmed that the processing of CFRP generates fibrous debris and finer particles, from nano to micro sized particles, of various shapes. However, methods for real-time monitoring of worker exposure to finer particles with simple devices have limited.

Methods
The present interventional study was conducted at a factory located in Japan and evaluated debris of various particles from nano to micro sizes (nano-micro particles) generated during the industrial processing of CFRP using several real-time particle monitoring devices. In addition, personal exposure of workers was evaluated using a novel PM2.5-compatible device (P-sensor).

Results
It was confirmed that nano-micro particles were generated during grinding, cutting, and turning processing of CFRP by real-time particle monitoring devices; PM4 dust monitor, Optical Particle Counter (OPC), Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), NanoScan SMPS Nanoparticle Sizer (SMPS), and a novel P-sensor. Under conditions where many finer particles were generated, the P-sensor detected the generation of finer particles although PM4 dust monitor and OPC failed to detect them.

Discussion
Nano-micro particles generated from CFRP were detected with the nanoparticle-compatible devices; CPC and SMPS. Particle count recorded by the P-sensor showed the same change over time as recorded by the nanoparticle-compatible devices.

Conclusion
The novel P-sensor is a simple device to estimate personal exposure of workers and can be used to measure finer particles generated by CFRP processing in an occupational setting.
P-194 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT TO RESPIRABLE DUST AND CRYSTALLINE SILICA FROM FLAX IN SCUTCHING FACTORIES, NORMANDY, FRANCE
Authors: Pompili Juliette , Le Goff Jérémie , Théophile Modena , Lecluse Yannick , Larnicol Déborah , Hellec-Magny Pascale , Jarriges Jean , Pierre Lebailly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Crystalline silica has been recognized as a human lung carcinogen by the IARC in 1997 and in 2017 in Europe. Occupational exposure to silica can occur in many work environments and concerns flax fibers production in scutching factories. France is the first producer of flax worldwide with more than 8,000 farms in 2020 and scutching factories involve more than 1,500 workers

Methods
This study evaluated the day levels (year 2022-2023) of exposure to respirable dust and crystalline silica in 3 scutching factories in Normandy. Exposure were measured by personal sampling in the worker’s breathing zone (n=79), gravimetric quantification of respirable dust and crystalline silica determination with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry.

Results
Crystalline silica was detected in 99% out of the 79 measures, ranging from 0.02 to 13.42 mg/m3 (median 0.19 mg/m3) and, for respirable dust from 0.41 to 24.57 mg/m3 (median 1.31 mg/m3). Besides, 66% of all measurements exceeded the current national occupational exposure limit of crystalline silica (0.1 mg/m3) and 37% were above the limit for respirable dust (3.5 mg/m3). Type of production site, position occupied, work activity and the seniority at the position influenced the level of exposure.

Discussion
This study provides original exposure data suggesting that some specific tasks are major component of exposure. Two other factories are currently included to further characterized determinants of exposure to allow primary prevention in this industry.

Conclusion
Results from this study indicated that workers at scutching factories are exposed to respirable dust and crystalline silica, potentially at levels above occupational exposure limits.
P-197 POTENTIAL USE OF DRIED FAECAL SLUDGE IN BRIQUETTES PRODUCTION IN TANZANIA; ADDRESSING PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY CHALLENGES
Authors: Mbonaga Silaji , Puig Marina Rovira , Seco Júlia , Chacha Nyangi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Domestic and industrial activities struggle to find affordable, reliable, and eco-friendly cooking fuel. Traditional fuelwood is negatively impacting the environment and consumer’s health. Concurrently, Tanzania faces challenges in managing faecal sludge, risking water sources, and threatening public health. This study explores the potential use of faecal sludge as an energy fuel through briquetting technology for addressing waste management and energy recovery.

Methods
The study examined faecal sludge briquettes from treatment facilities in combination with wastepaper, cassava peels, and banana peels (cooked and uncooked) as feedstocks. The manual pressing machine was used for briquettes fabrication. Moisture content of briquettes was determined using the oven dry method. To determine the energy properties, the following parameters were analysed: The Moisture Content percentage, Fixed carbon, and High Heating Value.

Results
Wastepaper 25% briquettes achieved recommended moisture content (10%). Increasing binder concentration led to an increase of moisture. Briquettes with 75% wastepaper presented low moisture and high fixed carbon. Briquettes with 75% wastepaper showed the highest heating value (21MJ/Kg). Statistical analysis showed no significant differences.

Discussion
Moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, and high heating value of fabricated briquettes analysis showed that briquettes with wastepaper at 75% binder concentration present highest calorific values. This high energy value indicates that such briquettes can be a more efficient fuel source for industrial and domestic uses.

Conclusion
This finding suggests that these briquettes can serve as a promising solution for both domestic and industrial energy requirements. Further research on alternative binders is recommended.
P-201 RESEARCH ON IMMUNOLOGICAL HEALTH RISKS FOR WORKERS USING MINERAL OIL
Authors: Kuroda Yoshiki , Hinoura Takuji 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Mineral oil is used by workers in many factories. It was reported previously that one hydrocarbon from petroleum named pristane (C19) induced lupus-related autoantibodies such as antinuclear, anti-ssDNA and anti-nRNP antibody. However, the effect of other component of mineral oil was not studied sufficiently. Therefore, we investigated the effect of other mineral oil (heptadecane(C17), hexadecane(C16), pentadecane(C15), tetradecane(C14), and squalene(C30)), and studied the mechanism of autoantibodies induction from mineral oil.

Methods
Female BALB/cJ mouse were used. At 3 months of age, we injected target hydrocarbons into intraperitoneal cavity of each mouse. After 3 months later from injection, we sacrificed the mouse and extracted serum, peritoneal and spleen cells from mouse. We evaluated autoantibodies induction and T cell function using serum, peritoneal and spleen cells.

Results
1) The power of autoantibodies induction was more powerful on hexadecane comparing pristane and squalene. Hexadecane induced autoantibodies such as antinuclear, anti-ssDNA and anti-nRNP antibodies frequently, and titer of the antibodies was induced higher. However, other mineral oil which was lower molecular weight than hexadecane didn’t indicate not so high induction. 2) Spleen T cells of mineral oil injected mice indicated lower expression CD3ζ compared to untreated mice. 3) After adding L-arginine, lower CD3ζ expression of spleen T cells recovered quickly.

Discussion
We revealed that the autoantibody induction could be related to molecular weight, and associate to decline of CD3ζ and serum L-arginine.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that the mineral oil could have a health disturbing risk for worker using much mineral oil.
P-203 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ADVANCED IOT-BASED SMART SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Ham Seunghon , Kim Wook , Kim Yongkyo , Choi Won-Jun , Kang Seong-Kyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
With the increasing importance of protecting workers from exposure to hazardous chemicals, there is a growing demand for integrating ICT technologies, especially IoT, into workplace environment monitoring systems. In this study, we present the development and implementation of an IoT-based smart sensor device specifically designed to detect TVOCs in the workplace.

Methods
An IoT-based smart sensor chemical monitoring system was developed and implemented in the electronics industry. The system used a TVOC sensor, an LTE communication module, and a web-based platform. The system was mainly used for tasks such as inspection and equipment cleaning. In the actual workplace, the system was applied to a workplace that performs cleaning in the electronics industry, which uses TCE as a degreaser.

Results
It is possible to identify the processes that generated TVOCs. The monitoring system, placed closer to the source of the chemical emissions, often showed elevated exposure levels. In particular, 28% of the data from the jig cleaning operation exceeded the STEL, indicating that it could be used to prevent acute poisoning by immediately identifying exposure.

Discussion
Incorporating IoT technology into workplace monitoring systems can provide real-time data to supplement traditional workplace environmental assessment methods. In addition to identifying overall exposure levels, the system can pinpoint short-term and peak exposures, which is essential for preventing occupational acute poisoning accidents.

Conclusion
IoT-based smart sensor monitoring systems have significant potential to improve worker protection from chemical hazards by ensuring accurate, rapid, and thorough exposure to prevention.
O-123 TELE-INTENSIVE CARE: THE NTPC REMOTE COVID MANAGEMENT MODEL
Authors: Behera Bk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has enormously stressed the global healthcare system compelling the discovery of new approaches to care, especially by leveraging the use of technology in telehealth.

Methods
In India, the Government’s release of the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines enabled health providers to deliver essential medical evaluation, diagnosis, and triage remotely by use of technology.

Results and discussion
Patients with COVID-19 present with a range of symptoms, and some need intensive care. The management of critically ill patients is resource-intensive and requires a partnership between especially skilled manpower and machines. Monitoring is key to critical care. In many countries, including India, the distribution of intensivists is skewed and tends to be predominantly toward urban tertiary care hospitals. This leads to the non-functioning of Critical care centers in remote areas. Hospitals without on-site intensivists may benefit from tele-ICU services wherein electronic systems connect ICU patient data with intensivists at remote locations as part of a collaborative network. Technology-enabled remote monitoring and management of covid patients were carried out through Tele ICU care in projects and stations of NTPC, the premiere power-producing company of India, which were situated in remote locations of the country. The intensivists provided real-time data and audio-visual monitoring, diagnostic, and intervention services and worked together with bedside teams to bridge the critical care gap.

Conclusion
Rapid deployment of tele-ICU services was essential in gaining the confidence of the workforce and thereby preventing migration of essential staff required for the operation of power plants. This application saved many lives. Caregiver stress was minimized by remote care providers who assisted 24*7.