bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Grass Snake and the Basilisk: From Pre-Christian Protective House God to the Antichrist
Authors: Lenders H.J. Rob , Janssen Ingo A.W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The grass snake owes its far northern distribution in Europe to the production and hoarding of dung from stock breeding. Dung heaps appear to be perfect breeding sites that surpass 'natural' reproduction sites in quality. Here we point out that the grass snake's dependency on manure goes back to Neolithic times and that it had a reciprocal cultural effect. Moreover, the positive influence of humans on the species not only resulted from physical opportunities offered by agriculture, but also from the fact that grass snakes were considered to be chthonic deities not to be harmed. The conversion of Europe to Christianity, however, marked the turning of the cultural tide for the species. From being a divine creature originally, the grass snake evolved into the number one symbol of the Anti-Christ: the basilisk. In spite of the subsequent witch-hunt motivated by Christian belief, the overall historical human influence on the species was certainly not detrimental as regarded geographical distribution opportunities. This historical perspective on grass snake-human relationships adds to the discussion of whether nature conservation is better served by a strategy of land sparing or of land sharing. It also makes clear not only that co-dependency of species is a matter of mutual biophysical advantages but that metaphysical considerations may also play a role. In this case it leads to the conclusion that bringing back the grass snake into our direct everyday surroundings is both favourable to the grass snake and reinstates the species in our own cultural environment.
Climate Variability and Societal Dynamics in Pre-Colonial Southern African History (AD 900-1840): A Synthesis and Critique
Authors: Hannaford Matthew J. , Bigg Grant R. , Jones Julie M. , Phimister Ian , Staub Martial 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The role of climate variability in pre-colonial southern African history is highly disputed. We here provide a synthesis and critique of climate-society discourses relating to two regionally-defining periods of state formation and disaggregation. The first period involves the eleventh-thirteenth century development of socio-political complexity and the rise of southern Africa's first state, Mapungubwe, followed by its collapse and the shift in regional power to Great Zimbabwe. The later period encompasses the early-nineteenth century difaqane/mfecane mass migrations, violence and ensuing state-building activity. To further our assessment, we consider the wider contentious issues of climate causation and determinism in a regional context, but dispute suggestions of paradigm shift towards simplistic environmental collapse. Nevertheless, we specifically point to ambiguities in palaeoclimate records, a narrative tendency toward monocausal explanations and a lack of integration among the literature as reasons for a sustained divergence in interpretation regarding the significance of climate. We move on to discuss the potential of integrative approaches to illuminate understanding of the complex interactions between past climate variability and human activity. In order to do so, we highlight interlinked concepts such as vulnerability and resilience as key for bridging the gap between the natural and social sciences. To conclude, we point to future climate-society priorities and ways forward in the form of research areas, data prospects and questions.
Book Reviews
Authors: Colten Craig E. , Melosi Martin V. , Griffin Carl J. , Morse Kathryn , Macdonald Neil , Ginn Franklin , Wolfe Mikael , Gowdy-Wygant Cecilia , Bocking Stephen , Simon Roger D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Peter Coates, A History of Six Rivers (Craig E. Colten)
Ian Douglas, Cities: An Environmental History (Martin V. Melosi)
Scott Hess, William Wordsworth and the Ecology of Authorship (Carl J. Griffin)
Megan Kate Nelson, Ruin Nation (Kathryn Morse)
William C. Foster, Climate and Culture Change in North America AD 900-1600 (Neil Macdonald)
Annette Giesecke and Naomi Jacobs, eds., Earth Perfect? (Franklin Ginn)
Christopher Boyer (ed.), A Land Between Waters (Mikael Wolfe)
Nancy C. Unger, Beyond Nature's Housekeepers (Cecilia Gowdy-Wygant)
Sarah Johnson (compiler), Indigenous Knowledge (Stephen Bocking)
Brian Black and Michael Chiarappa, eds., Nature's Entrepôt (Roger D. Simon)
Expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and subtype 5 in thyroid malignancies
Authors: Woelfl S. , Bogner S. , Huber H. , Salaheddin-Nassr S. , Hatzl M. , Decristoforo C. , Virgolini I. , Gabriel M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryAim: To retrospectively analyse the expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 (SSTR 2) and 5 (SSTR 5) in thyroid malignancies, possibly the most relevant subtypes for targeted therapy with somatostatin peptide radioligands. In addition, findings were also correlated with the course of disease. Patients, methods: 87 consecutive patients (59 women, 28 men) with thyroid malignancy were included; 52 had papillary carcinoma, 24 follicular carcinoma, six medullary carcinoma, two poorly differentiated carcinoma and three anaplastic carcinoma. After initial therapy 70 (80.5%) patients showed complete remission, 11 (12.6%) patients partial remission with clinical and biochemical signs of residual disease and six (6.9%) patients progressive disease. The immunohistochemi- cal staining results of the primary malignancy for SSTR 2 and SSTR 5 were semiquanti- tatively assessed and correlated with various outcome parameters. Results: In 10 of 87 (11.49%) thyroid cancer samples SSTR 2 showed positive immunohistochemical expression as compared to 75 of 87 (86.20%) for SSTR 5. All SSTR 2-positive cases expressed SSTR 5. Persistent or recurrent disease was found in 17 of 87 cases (19.54%). Fifty percent (6 /12) of SSTR 5-negative patients showed persistent disease as compared to 14.7 % (11 / 75) of SSTR 5-positive patients: seven of these were exclusively SSTR 5-posi- tive, 4 showed dual expression of SSTR 5 and SSTR 2 (p = 0.01). No case showed only SSTR 2 expression. Conclusions: SSTR 5 was shown to be the main receptor subtype in the analysed differentiated or anaplastic thyroid malignancies, whereas SSTR 2 was found only in a small percentage. Deficient SSTR expression may indicate higher risk for persistent or recurrent disease after initial therapy. For this reason immunohistochemistry can be considered a prognostic marker which should be further validated in prospective studies.
Le blues post-natal : un marqueur du lien intersubjectif
Authors: Bydlowski Sarah , Vaivre-Douret Laurence , Lalanne Christophe , Apter Gisèle , Golse Bernard 
Published: June 2014

Malgré l’intérêt suscité par le blues du post-partum dans la littérature scientifique, celui-ci reste un phénomène encore mal délimité sur le plan clinique et nosographique. Notre objectif était d’en préciser les contours cliniques en comparant des femmes traversant ce phénomène à des femmes sans blues, et de préciser les différences éventuelles de styles interactifs mère-bébé et leurs conséquences sur le développement premier de l’enfant. Le suivi longitudinal de la naissance aux deux mois de vie de l’enfant a concerné 22 dyades mère-bébé. Nos résultats font ressortir deux groupes distincts de femmes présentant un blues : des mères au blues « habituel » correspondant aux descriptions classiques, et des mères au blues « triste », mais non cliniquement déprimées. Le blues post-natal pourrait témoigner du travail psychique participant à l’élaboration intérieure de « l’événement naissance », dans la mesure où son absence, de même que son caractère exclusivement triste, signe une fragilité du pare-excitation et des capacités de contenance maternelle. Surtout, nous montrons que certaines compétences précoces du nouveau-né, notamment l’organisation du réflexe main-bouche à l’examen de Brazelton, sont le fait exclusif des bébés dont la mère présente un blues habituel. Cette acquisition d’une capacité d’auto-réconfort par le nouveau-né constitue une compétence particulière d’organisation et de coordination tant sur le plan psychomoteur que sur le plan tonico-postural, mais, c’est son association aux qualités psychiques maternelles qui constitue un fait nouveau. Le repérage de cette compétence permet de mettre en valeur la dimension précoce de l’échange émotionnel entre mère et enfant probablement présente dès la vie in utero. Enfin, dans notre population, la présence d’un blues habituel et d’un réflexe main-bouche dès la naissance garantit des interactions mère-bébé à huit semaines ajustées et accordées. Inversement, les échanges mère-bébé à deux mois sont marqués par la dysharmonie en cas de blues triste et d’absence de compétence main-bouche au Brazelton. Le blues pourrait donc constituer un marqueur du lien intersubjectif mère-bébé et intervenir dans l’évolution neuropsychomotrice de l’enfant.
Passion virtuelle
Authors: Vlachopoulou Xanthie , Missonnier Sylvain 
Published: June 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de préciser les angles de vue autour de l’addiction au virtuel en s’appuyant sur une revue de la littérature des travaux francophones revendiquant une approche psychodynamique sur le sujet du virtuel et ses excès. Au delà de la polémique sur la notion d’addiction concernant l’usage des réalités virtuelles, émanent des questionnements sur les points de joncture et de dissemblance entre cette conduite de dépendance à l’égard des autres voies qu’un sujet est susceptible de choisir comme objet de prédilection de sa passion. C’est ainsi que la compulsion de répétition, la contrainte par corps, le pharmakon et la désobjectalisation, stigmates de la pulsion de mort, sont mis en exergue comme des notions précieuses pour conduire et penser la clinique du virtuel ; le degré d’implication du corps viendra quant à lui contribuer à la compréhension du choix de l’objet addictif, ce que nous illustrons au travers du cas clinique d’un joueur excessif.
Control of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) using in-hive traps
Authors: Bernier Martine , Fournier Valérie , Eccles Les , Giovenazzo Pierre 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a non-native pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) newly introduced to Canada. The effectiveness of three in-hive traps was tested in springtime in West-Montérégie (southern Québec, Canada) and in late summer in Essex County (southern Ontario, Canada): AJ’s Beetle Eater™ (AJ’s Beetle Eater), Beetle Barn™ (Rossmann Apiaries), and Hood™ trap (Brushy Mountain Bee Farm). Traps were placed in the brood chamber of 12 colonies in West-Montérégie, and in 48 colonies in the top honey super in Essex County. In-hive traps were effective in reducing SHB populations without compromising the bee population or colony weight gain. In West-Montérégie, the Beetle Barn™ was the most effective trap during the first week, when SHB populations were high. It was less effective when honey bees sealed trap openings with propolis. In Essex County, the AJ’s Beetle Eater™ was the most effective throughout the trial. There was no difference in efficacy between the various solutions used in the Hood™ trap (mineral oil versus mineral oil and apple cider vinegar).
Integrin-Mediated First Signal for Inflammasome Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Thinwa Josephine , Segovia Jesus A. , Bose Santanu , Dube Peter H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
How intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) recognize pathogens and activate inflammasomes at intestinal surfaces is poorly understood. We hypothesized that IECs use integrin receptors to recognize pathogens and initiate inflammation within the intestinal tract. We find that IECs infected with Yersinia enterocolitica, an enteric pathogen, use β1 integrins as pathogen recognition receptors detecting the bacterial adhesin invasin (Inv). The Inv–integrin interaction provides the first signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation with the type three secretion system translocon providing the second signal for inflammasome activation, resulting in release of IL-18. During infection, Yersinia employs two virulence factors, YopE and YopH, to counteract Inv-mediated integrin-dependent inflammasome activation. Furthermore, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in epithelial cells requires components of the focal adhesion complex signaling pathway, focal adhesion kinase, and rac1. The binding of Inv to β1 integrins rapidly induces IL-18 mRNA expression, suggesting integrins provide a first signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These data suggest integrins function as pathogen recognition receptors on IECs to rapidly induce inflammasome-derived IL-18–mediated responses.
Environmental Intervention in Carryout Restaurants Increases Sales of Healthy Menu Items in a Low-Income Urban Setting
Authors: Lee-Kwan Seung Hee , Bleich Sara N. , Kim Hyunju , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: June 2014

Purpose. To investigate how a pilot environmental intervention changed food sales patterns in carryout restaurants. Design. Quasi-experimental. Setting. Low-income neighborhoods of Baltimore, Maryland. Subjects. Seven carryouts (three intervention, four comparison). Intervention. Phase 1, menu board revision and healthy menu labeling; phase 2, increase of healthy sides and beverages; and phase 3, promotion of cheaper and healthier combination meals. Measures. Weekly handwritten menu orders collected to assess changes in the proportion of units sold and revenue of healthy items (entrée, sides and beverages, and combined). Analysis. Logistic and Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations. Results. In the intervention group, odds for healthy entrée units and odds for healthy side and beverage units sold significantly increased in phases 2 and 3; odds for healthy entrée revenue significantly increased in phase 1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.26), phase 2 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.25–1.41), and phase 3 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14–1.70); and odds for healthy side and beverage revenues increased significantly in phase 2 (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33–1.97) and phase 3 (OR 2.73, 95% CI 2.15–3.47) compared to baseline. Total revenue in the intervention group was significantly higher in all phases than in the comparison group (p < .05). Conclusion. Environmental intervention changes such as menu revision, menu labeling, improved healthy food selection, and competitive pricing can increase availability and sales of healthy items in carryouts.
Perceptions of Prostate Cancer Screening Controversy and Informed Decision Making: Implications for Development of a Targeted Decision Aid for Unaffected Male First-Degree Relatives
Authors: Gwede Clement K. , Davis Stacy N. , Wilson Shaenelle , Patel Mitul , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Meade Cathy D. , Rivers Brian M. , Yu Daohai , Torres-Roca Javier , Heysek Randy , Spiess Philippe E. , Pow-Sang Julio , Jacobsen Paul 
Published: June 2014

Purpose. First-degree relatives (FDRs) of prostate cancer (PC) patients should consider multiple concurrent personal risk factors when engaging in informed decision making (IDM) about PC screening. This study assessed perceptions of IDM recommendations and risk-appropriate strategies for IDM among FDRs of varied race/ethnicity. Design. A cross-sectional, qualitative study design was used. Setting. Study setting was a cancer center in southwest Florida. Participants. The study comprised 44 participants (24 PC patients and 20 unaffected FDRs). Method. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted and analyzed using content analysis and constant comparison methods. Results. Patients and FDRs found the PC screening debate and IDM recommendations to be complex and counterintuitive. They overwhelmingly believed screening saves lives and does not have associated harms. There was a strongly expressed need to improve communication between patients and FDRs. A single decision aid that addresses the needs of all FDRs, rather than one separating by race/ethnicity, was recommended as sufficient by study participants. These perspectives guided the development of an innovative decision aid that deconstructs the screening controversy and IDM processes into simpler concepts and provides step-by-step strategies for FDRs to engage in IDM. Conclusion. Implementing IDM among FDRs is challenging because the IDM paradigm departs from historical messages promoting routine screening. These contradictions should be recognized and addressed for men to participate effectively in IDM. A randomized pilot study evaluating outcomes of the resulting decision aid is underway.
Do Adolescent Smokers Use E-Cigarettes to Help Them Quit? The Sociodemographic Correlates and Cessation Motivations of U.S. Adolescent E-Cigarette Use
Authors: Lippert Adam M. 
Published: June 2014

Purpose. To examine the sociodemographic traits of adolescent e-cigarette users and whether e-cigarettes are used as cessation aids among adolescent smokers. Design. The study had a cross-sectional design. Setting. Study setting was the United States. Subjects. A probability sample of 15,264 adolescents in grades 6 through 12 was used. Measures. The study measured self-reported lifetime e-cigarette use and recent conventional cigarette use, desire to quit, and number of recent quit attempts (among conventional cigarette smokers), and factors hypothesized to be related to e-cigarette use (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, friendships with smokers). Analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess e-cigarette use among (1) all adolescents and (2) conventional cigarette smokers as a function of quit desire and attempts. Results. Descriptive analyses show 3.2% of respondents had used e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use is significantly lower for females (adjusted odds ratio [OR], .70), non-Hispanic black youth (adjusted OR, .37), and Mexican-American youth (adjusted OR, .56), and higher for those who smoke conventional cigarettes (adjusted OR, 58.44) or have friends who smoke (adjusted OR, 2.38). Among conventional cigarette smokers, neither desire to quit nor recent quit attempts is significantly associated with e-cigarette use. Conclusions. E-cigarette use is more common among certain adolescent subgroups than others and does not appear to be part of a cessation regimen among conventional cigarette smokers wishing to quit. More regulatory and prevention efforts are needed, especially for certain adolescent subpopulations.
Ecosystem metabolism along a colonization gradient of eelgrass (Zostera marina) measured by eddy correlation
Authors: Rheuban Jennie E. , Berg Peter , McGlathery Karen J. 
Published: June 2014

The Virginia coastal bays experienced local extinction of eelgrass (Zostera marina) during the early 1930s, and restoration beginning in 2001 has generated an ecosystem state change from bare to vegetated sediments. Oxygen fluxes were measured seasonally using the eddy correlation technique at three sites representing different stages of seagrass colonization: unvegetated (bare), 5 yr, and 11 yr since seeding. Derived seasonal ecosystem respiration (R) and gross primary production (GPP) increased up to 10‐fold and 25‐fold, respectively, with meadow age. Although hourly oxygen (O2) fluxes were highly correlated with light at the vegetated sites, no identifiable trends with light were observed at the bare site. The light compensation point where O2 production and respiration are in balance increased from 46 µmol photons m−2 s−1 to 257 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and 63 µmol photons m−2 s−1 to 472 µmol photons m−2 s−1 at the 5 yr and 11 yr seagrass sites, respectively, with increasing seasonal temperatures from 12.3°C to 27.9°C and 9.3°C to 30.5°C, respectively. This suggests that more light, and thus more O2 production, is required to offset increasing respiration with both temperature and meadow age. Photosynthesis—irradiance curves generated from hourly O2 fluxes throughout the seasons were used to estimate annual net ecosystem metabolism (NEM). Annual NEM rates at the bare, 5 yr, and 11 yr sites were −7.6, 8.6, and −7.0 mol O2 m−2 yr−1, respectively. Although the system went through a period of net autotrophy during early stages of colonization, the ecosystem state change from unvegetated sediments to dense seagrass meadows changed the magnitude of both GPP and R, but not the overall metabolic balance of the system.
The effect of ewes relocation on milk composition and milk flow kinetics
Authors: Jackuliaková Lucia , Tančin Vladimí­r , Uhrinčať Michal , Mačuhová Lucia , Antonič Ján , Oravcová Marta , Sláma Petr 
Published: June 2014

The investigation of an influence of ewes relocation and milking in other parlour (treatment) on milk flow kinetics, milkability and milk composition was the aim of this study. In total 34 ewes of two breeds and crosbreeds Tsigai (14 heads) and Improved Valachian (20 heads) with Lacaune were tested. Two weeks after lamb weaning the ewes were milked in parallel milking parlour (1x16 stalls) under shelter. On the last evening milking (first experimental milking, EB) before relocation of flock to another parlour, and during next three continuous evening milkings (E0 - second, E1 - third and E2 - fourth milking of exp.) after relocation the milk flow kinetics were measured using electronic collection jar. On day E0 after morning milking the flock was moved on a pasture and milked in other parlour (1x24-stalls). During E0 we recorded a significant decrease of total milk yield in comparison with EB (0.527 ±0.04 and 0.647 ±0.04 L). Significant differences were also recorded in machine milk yield, machine stripping, milking time and in maximum milk flow rate. During E0 there was a higher number of nonbimodal and lower numbers of bimodal flow types. The response of ewe to E0 depended on its response to EB. Ewes with bimodal flow at EB responded more negatively to E0 than ewes with nonbimodal or plateau flow. During E2 there were significantly increased protein content and solids not fat in milk. Thus the treatment significantly influenced the milkability of ewes in a negative way, but more clear response was found out in ewes with bimodal flow response to machine milking before treatment. We could assume that relocation to other milking conditions caused only short-term changes in milk flow kinetic and milk yield.
Microbiological evaluation of poultry sausages stored at different temperatures
Authors: Kunová Simona , Bobková Alica , Lopašovský Ľubomí­r , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: June 2014

The aim of our study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of poultry sausages, which were stored at different temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C). Total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts and filamentous microscopic fungi were detected in poultry sausages. Microbiological quality was evaluated using the horizontal method for the determination number of microorganisms. Total count of bacteria in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 1 × 101 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (after opening) to 4.35 × 104 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (7th day of storage). Total count of bacteria in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 3.25 × 103 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (after opening) to 3.12 × 106 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 to 3.12 × 106 CFU.g-1 in sample 1 (7th day of storage). Coliform bacteria in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 1 × 101 CFU.g-1 to 3.15 × 105 CFU.g-1. Coliform bacteria in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 1.54 × 103 CFU.g-1 to 1.40 × 106 CFU.g-1. Yeasts and microscopic filamentous fungi in sausages stored at 4 °C ranged from 2.75 × 104 CFU.g-1 to 1.40 × 106 CFU.g-1. Yeasts and microscopic filamentous fungi in sausages stored at 15 °C ranged from 1.30 × 104 CFU.g-1 to 1.44 × 106 CFU.g-1. Total count of bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeast and microscopic fungi were not in accordance with Codex Alimentarius of Slovak Republic on 3rd day in samples stored at 15 °C.