bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’amitié dans La Célestine de Fernando de Rojas
Authors: Heusch Carlos 
Published: June 2015

Étude de l’amitié et des occurrence des termes « amigo » et « amiga » dans La Célestine de Fernando de Rojas et du background culturel que sous-tend une telle thématique. Si l’amitié renvoie à un contexte culturel bien particulier, il n’en demeure pas moins que les personnages de l’œuvre de Rojas ne cessent de jouer – et donc de manipuler – sur les réseaux sémantiques instaurés par de tels termes.
Proyecto «Pedro de Barcelos y la monarquía castellano-leonesa»
Authors: do Rosário Ferreira Maria 
Published: June 2015

El Proyecto tiene como propósito estudiar, editar y dar a conocer la sección final de la Crónica General de España de 1344, texto historiográfico portugués de Pedro de Barcelos. A pesar de haber sido objeto de dos ediciones críticas -una por Luís Felipe Lindley Cintra, publicada entre 1951 y 1990, otra por Diego Catalán y María Soledad de Andrés, fechada en 1970-, la sección final de esta obra permanece inédita. Un proyecto de edición a cargo de un equipo de filólogos, constituido por Maria do Rosário Ferreira (investigadora responsable), José Carlos Ribeiro Miranda, Filipe Alves Moreira y Maria Joana Gomes, investigadores del SMELPS, Seminario Medieval de Literatura y Sociedad (SMELPS/IF/FCT), ha sido iniciado a partir de principios de abril de 2014 y con una duración prevista de 12 a 18 meses.
L’eau, source de savoirs : analyse de situations d’expertise dans des bassins versants agricoles
Authors: Petit Sandrine , Barataud Fabienne 
Published: June 2015

Préserver la qualité de l’eau nécessite de mobiliser puis de partager des connaissances multiples. Partant du constat que sur le terrain, les différents acteurs conjuguent une diversité de savoirs, nous analysons en tant que situations d’expertise des démarches de protection de l’eau sur deux aires d’alimentation de captage. Sont mis en évidence quatre points clés caractérisant les liens entre les savoirs mobilisés et les solutions construites, et permettant d’éclairer les difficultés à élaborer des solutions pertinentes localement : (i) l’activité cognitive ou la production de connaissances n’est pas vue comme une pratique sociale et une activité épistémique où des savoirs pourraient s’échanger, être partagés et être remis en cause. Les situations de controverses sont évitées pour engager au plus vite l’action ; (ii) les savoirs de l’expérience sont très peu mobilisés comme modèles de causalités pertinents par rapport aux autres modes de connaissances (expérimentation, modélisation, SIG) ; (iii) la connaissance sociale de la situation n’est pas intégrée dans le diagnostic même si le jeu social pèse finalement sur la mise en œuvre d’actions ; (iv) les actions envisagées résultent finalement de la réduction des possibles par leur passage au travers un double filtre : celui des modalités de diagnostics (expertise constituante) qui tend aujourd’hui à encourager l’adaptation de pratiques plutôt que des changements de modèle et celui des décisions acceptables par les différents groupes sociaux (expertise légitime).
Non-branching RCD(0,N) Geodesic Spaces with Small Linear Diameter Growth have Finitely Generated Fundamental Groups
Authors: Kitabeppu Yu , Lakzian Sajjad 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize the finite generation result of Sormani to non-branching RCD(0, N) geodesic spaces (and in particular, Alexandrov spaces) with full supportmeasures. This is a special case of the Milnor’s Conjecture for complete non-compact RCD(0, N) spaces. One of the key tools we use is the Abresch–Gromoll type excess estimates for non-smooth spaces obtained by Gigli–Mosconi.
Proporcingumo daugiklių metodas radioaktyviosioms atliekoms charakterizuoti
Authors: Tonkūnas Aurimas , Pabarčius Raimondas 
Published: June 2015

Radioaktyviųjų atliekų charakterizavimas – vienas iš sudėtinių AE objektų išmontavimo etapų planuojant susikaupusių radioaktyviųjų atliekų tvarkymą. Išmontuojami įrenginiai yra smulkinami ir talpinami į atitinkamas pakuotes, kurios pirmiausia yra perkeliamos į laikinas saugojimo zonas, o vėliau nukreipiamos į galutines atliekų saugyklas. Kad būtų galima patikrinti, ar nėra viršijami priimtinumo kriterijai ir užtikrinama sauga, prieš transportuojant užpildytas pakuotes svarbu įvertinti atliekose sukauptą radionuklidų savitąjį aktyvumą. Vienas efektyviausių būdų nustatyti svarbiausių radionuklidų koncentracijas pakuotėje yra proporcingumo daugiklių (arba nuklidinio vektoriaus) metodas. Naudojant gama spektroskopiją arba pagal atliekų pakuotės paviršinę dozės galią kiekvienai atliekų pakuotei yra apskaičiuojamas parinktas pagrindinio radionuklido aktyvumas. Likusiųjų sunkiai matuojamų radionuklidų koncentracijos yra įvertinamos naudojant iš anksto nustatytus atitinkamus proporcingumo daugiklius įvairiems radionuklidams. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiami labiausiai paplitę metodai vertinant svarbiausių radionuklidų koncentracijas radioaktyviųjų atliekų pakuotėse, šiek tiek plačiau pristatomas labiausiai paplitęs proporcingumo daugiklių metodas.
Every graph admits an unambiguous bold drawing
Authors: Pach János 
Published: June 2015

Let r and w be fixed positive numbers, w < r. In a bold drawing of a graph, every vertex is represented by a disk of radius r, and every edge by a narrow rectangle of width w. We solve a problem of van Kreveld by showing that every graph admits a bold drawing in which the region occupied by the union of the disks and rectangles representing the vertices and edges does not contain any disk of radius r other than the ones representing the vertices.
Ocean circulation and biogeochemistry moderate interannual and decadal surface water pH changes in the Sargasso Sea
Authors: Goodkin Nathalie F. , Wang Bo‐Shian , You Chen‐Feng , Hughen Konrad A. , Grumet‐Prouty Nancy , Bates Nicholas R. , Doney Scott C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe oceans absorb anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere, lowering surface ocean pH, a concern for calcifying marine organisms. The impact of ocean acidification is challenging to predict as each species appears to respond differently and because our knowledge of natural changes to ocean pH is limited in both time and space. Here we reconstruct 222 years of biennial seawater pH variability in the Sargasso Sea from a brain coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis. Using hydrographic data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study and the coral‐derived pH record, we are able to differentiate pH changes due to surface temperature versus those from ocean circulation and biogeochemical changes. We find that ocean pH does not simply reflect atmospheric CO2 trends but rather that circulation/biogeochemical changes account for >90% of pH variability in the Sargasso Sea and more variability in the last century than would be predicted from anthropogenic uptake of CO2 alone.
Double‐layer structure of OH dayglow in the mesosphere
Authors: Gao Hong , Xu Jiyao , Ward William , Smith Anne K. , Chen Guang‐Ming 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObservations by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite from January 2002 to June 2014 are used to study the vertical structure of OH dayglow. The results indicate for the first time that there is a double‐layer structure in the distributions of 12 year averaged OH airglow emission, [O3], and [H] during the daytime. The upper layer of OH dayglow is located in the mesopause region (~88 km) at a similar altitude to that of the OH nightglow. The lower layer is situated in the range of 70–85 km. Both the peak emission and height of the lower layer increase with local time. The distance between the two layers decreases with local time. At the equator, the lower layer forms at ~09:00 LT and lasts for about 8 h; during this time the interlayer distance decreases from 13 km to 5 km. The double‐layer structure is more obvious and longer‐lived during the equinoxes and at lower latitudes. The double‐layer structure of OH dayglow emission is a long‐term stable structure and is mainly caused by photochemical processes involving [O3]. It is also modulated by background atmospheric temperature and [H].
Aggregation of MBP in chronic demyelination
Authors: Frid Kati , Einstein Ofira , Friedman‐Levi Yael , Binyamin Orli , Ben‐Hur Tamir , Gabizon Ruth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesMisfolding of key disease proteins to an insoluble state is associated with most neurodegenerative conditions, such as prion, Parkinson, and Alzheimer's diseases. In this work, and by studying animal models of multiple sclerosis, we asked whether this is also the case for myelin basic protein (MBP) in the late and neurodegenerative phases of demyelinating diseases.MethodsTo this effect, we tested whether MBP, an essential myelin component, present prion‐like properties in animal models of MS, as is the case for Cuprizone‐induced chronic demyelination or chronic phases of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE).ResultsWe show here that while total levels of MBP were not reduced following extensive demyelination, part of these molecules accumulated thereafter as aggregates inside oligodendrocytes or around neuronal cells. In chronic EAE, MBP precipitated concomitantly with Tau, a marker of diverse neurodegenerative conditions, including MS. Most important, analysis of fractions from Triton X‐100 floatation gradients suggest that the lipid composition of brain membranes in chronic EAE differs significantly from that of naïve mice, an effect which may relate to oxidative insults and subsequently prevent the appropriate insertion and compaction of new MBP in the myelin sheath, thereby causing its misfolding and aggregation.InterpretationPrion‐like aggregation of MBP following chronic demyelination may result from an aberrant lipid composition accompanying this pathological status. Such aggregation of MBP may contribute to neuronal damage that occurs in the progressive phase of MS.
Microstructure of isotactic polypropylene obtained using Ziegler–Natta catalyst at high polymerization temperature
Authors: Tan Ning , Yu Luqiang , Tan Zhong , Mao Bingquan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of the isotactic polypropylene obtained with various MgCl2‐supported catalyst systems at high polymerization temperature of 70–100°C is investigated by discussing the intrinsic relation between the different types of active centers and the polymerization temperatures via gel permeation chromatography, temperature rising elution fractionation, and 13C NMR. For the MgCl2/TiCl4/di‐n‐butyl phathalate‐AlEt3/external donor and MgCl2/TiCl4/2,2‐diisobutyl‐1,3‐dimethoxypropane‐AlEt3 catalyst systems, the differences in the isotactic productivity of polymers obtained at different polymerization temperatures mainly result from the variation of both the activity of the different isospecific active centers and the stability constants of the complex of catalyst/donor. The reaction rate of high isotactic active centers reaches maximum at 85–90°C, and this effect contributes to both the highest isotacticity and the narrowest molecular weight distribution. For the MgCl2/TiCl4/phthalate ester‐AlEt3 catalyst system, the isotacticity of polypropylene remains approximately constant in the temperature range of experiments, which could be ascribed to elution of phthalate ester after the activation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42487.
A Molecular Dynamics Study on Controlling the Self‐Assembly of β‐Sheet Peptides with Designer Nanorings
Authors: Park SeongByeong , Lee Myungsoo , Shin Seokmin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecently, a rational approach for constructing β‐barrel protein mimics by the self‐assembly of peptide‐based building blocks has been demonstrated. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of nanoring formation by means of the self‐assembly of designed β‐sheet‐forming peptides. Several factors contributing to the stability of the nanoring structures with respect to size were investigated. Our simulations predicted that an optimal nanoring size may be achieved by minimizing repulsions due to steric hindrance between bulky groups while maintaining favorable hydrogen‐bond interactions between neighboring β‐sheet chains. It was shown that mutations in a test peptide, in which all or half of the tryptophan residues were replaced by phenylalanine, could enable the assembly of stable nanoring structures with smaller pore sizes. Insights into the fundamental factors driving the formation of peptide‐based nanostructures are expected to facilitate the design of novel functional bionanostructures.
Exogenous Sodium Pyruvate Stimulates Adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Hwang Ji‐Sun , Kim Song‐Yi , Jung Eun‐Hye , Kwon Mi‐Youn , Kim Kyoung‐Hong , Cho Hyeongjin , Han Inn‐Oc 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of exogenous sodium pyruvate (SP) on adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis‐related genes in 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes. Differentiation of pre‐adipocytes was induced by MDI (3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine: IBMX, dexamethasone: DEX, and insulin), in the presence or absence of SP. Adipogenesis was stimulated by SP in a concentration‐dependent manner. SP also induced the expression of genes encoding aP2, GLUT4, and adiponectin, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Exogenous glucose did not promote adipogenesis or lipid accumulation. 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose inhibited adipogenesis initiated by MDI, but failed to influence the effects of SP on adipogenesis, whereas 3‐bromopyruvate inhibited adipogenesis regardless of whether SP was present. The pro‐adipogenic properties of SP were limited to the early events of adipogenesis. To determine whether SP mimics the adipogenic action of dexamethasone or insulin, we examined the effects of SP on adipogenesis with combinations of IBMX, DEX, and insulin. SP did not improve incomplete lipid accumulation observed in cells grown under IBMX‐, DEX‐, or insulin‐free conditions. Insulin‐stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was diminished by SP, while phosphorylation of Akt was increased, correlating with increased glucose uptake in response to insulin. We also observed that SP stimulated immediate early expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ. The PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited adipogenesis. Our findings highlight the adipogenic function of exogenous SP by stimulating early events of adipogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 39–48, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Making Africa middle class: From poverty reduction to the production of inequality in Tanzania
Authors: Green Maia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany countries in sub‐Saharan Africa are moving toward middle‐income status at the same time as their middle classes are growing in size and influence. This article explores the role of middle‐class economic strategies in bringing about structural changes in the organization of Tanzania's rural economy. Middle‐class income strategies oriented toward a mediated relationship with agricultural production depend on the enclosure of productive resources on which rent can be levied and on specific styles of cultural performance. The growth of the middle classes in Tanzania has important implications for inequality, but the extension of middle‐class cultural styles is not solely concerned with differentiation. It is part of a wider cultural shift in everyday social practice in Tanzania.
A meta‐analysis of extremeness aversion
Authors: Neumann Nico , Böckenholt Ulf , Sinha Ashish 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUsing a meta‐analysis of 142 experimental observations, this work examines the influence of different research design and outcome measures on extremeness aversion (i.e., the propensity to avoid extreme options in choice situations). The results indicate that extremeness aversion is a robust phenomenon: middle options are significantly more often selected than other options. However, the strength of this behavioral effect exhibits substantial variation (up to three times the average magnitude) across methodological decisions: employing price‐quality tradeoffs, nondurable categories, or binary‐trinary choice‐set comparisons tend to reduce the probability of extremeness aversion among consumers, whereas using a larger number of tradeoff dimensions, non‐numeric attributes, high‐quality extensions, or utilitarian products increase its likelihood. Because extremeness aversion has been assessed using three different measurement paradigms (absolute‐share changes, relative‐share shifts, and middle‐option proportions), we discuss their characteristics and investigate their degree of agreement. We find that the three measures can lead to rather different effect magnitudes and even contradictory conclusions about the effect of moderators.
Computer reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of sulfide formation for the Krasnov and Ashadze hydrothermal systems (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
Authors: Laptev Yu.V. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Computer-based reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of formation of the Krasnov (16° N) and Ashadze (13° N) submarine systems in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) has been performed using the equilibrium-thermodynamic approach to study samples from these sites. In the first case, a sphalerite-pyrite-barite association was considered, and in the second case, a sphalerite-pyrite association. In the modeling conducted, the composition of the sphalerite solid solution corresponding to the nonideal mixing of ZnS and FeS was used as a correlation parameter with the total composition of the Fe–Zn–Ba–S–H2O–NaCl–HCl hydrothermal system depending on temperature (200–300 °C) and a given pressure of 100 bar. The calculation results predict that at an iron content of 0.17–0.36 wt.% in sphalerite, the minimum formation temperatures of the equilibrium sphalerite–pyrite–barite association should correspond to the interval of 280–300 °C (Krasnov site). As the iron content in sphalerite increases to 4.15–13.28 wt.%, the occurrence of barite in the systems studied becomes impossible and the formation temperatures of the sphalerite–pyrite association become equal to or higher than 300 °C (Ashadze site).
What Our Hands Say: Exploring Gesture Use in Subgroups of Children With Language Delay
Authors: O'Neill Hilary , Chiat Shula 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with receptive-expressive language delay (R/ELD) and expressive-only language delay (ELD) differ in their use of gesture; to examine relationships between their use of gesture, symbolic comprehension, and language; to consider implications for assessment and for the nature of problems underlying different profiles of early language delay.

Method
Twelve children with ELD (8 boys, 4 girls) and 10 children with R/ELD (8 boys, 2 girls), aged 2–3 years, were assessed on measures of gesture use and symbolic comprehension.

Results
Performance of the R/ELD group was significantly poorer than performance of the ELD group on measures of gesture and symbolic comprehension. Gesture use and symbolic comprehension were significantly associated with receptive language, but associations with expressive language were not significant.

Conclusions
Findings of this study support previous research pointing to links between gesture and language development, and more specifically, between delays in gesture, symbolic understanding, and receptive rather than expressive language. Given potentially important implications for the nature of problems underlying ELD and R/ELD, and for assessment of children with language delay, this preliminary study invites further investigation comparing the use of different gesture types in samples of children matched on age and nonverbal IQ.
Excess Metabolic Syndrome Risks Among Women Health Workers Compared With Men
Authors: Adeoye Abiodun M. , Adewoye Ifeoluwa A. , Dairo David M. , Adebiyi Adewole , Lackland Daniel T. , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Tayo Bamidele O. 
Published: June 2015

Metabolic syndrome is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although significant disparities in the risks of metabolic syndrome by occupation type and sex are well documented, the factors associated with metabolic syndrome in low‐ to middle‐income countries remain unclear. These gaps in evidence identify the need for patterns of metabolic syndrome among hospital personnel of both sexes in Nigeria. A total of 256 hospital workers comprising 32.8% men were studied. The mean age of the participants was 42.03±9.4 years. Using International Diabetic Federation criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.2%. Women were substantially and significantly more likely to be identified with metabolic syndrome compared with men (34.9% vs 2.4%, respectively;P=.0001). This study identified metabolic syndrome among health workers with over one third of women with metabolic syndrome compared with <10% of men. These results support the implementation of lifestyle modification programs for management of metabolic syndrome in the health care workplace.
Macroevolutionary persistence of heritable endosymbionts: acquisition, retention and expression of adaptive phenotypes in Spiroplasma
Authors: Haselkorn Tamara S. , Jaenike John 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe phylogenetic incongruence between insects and their facultative maternally transmitted endosymbionts indicates that these infections are generally short‐lived evolutionarily. Therefore, long‐term persistence of many endosymbionts must depend on their ability to colonize and spread within new host species. At least 17 species of Drosophila are infected with endosymbiotic Spiroplasma that have various phenotypic effects. We transinfected five strains of Spiroplasma from three divergent clades into Drosophila neotestacea to test their capacity to spread in a novel host. A strain that causes male killing in Drosophila melanogaster (its native host) also does so in D. neotestacea, even though these host species diverged 40–60 mya. A strain native to D. neotestacea (designated sNeo) and the two other strains of the poulsonii clade of Spiroplasma confer resistance to wasp parasitism, suggesting that this trait may be ancestral within this clade of Spiroplasma. Conversely, no strain other than sNeo conferred resistance to the sterilizing effects of nematode parasitism, suggesting that nematode resistance is a recently derived condition. The apparent addition of nematode resistance to a Spiroplasma lineage that already confers resistance to wasp parasitism suggests endosymbionts can increase the repertoire of traits conducive to their spread. The capacity of an endosymbiont to undergo maternal transmission and express adaptive phenotypes in novel hosts, without requiring a period of host–symbiont co‐evolution, enables the spread of such symbionts immediately after the colonization of a new host. This could be critical for the macroevolutionary persistence of facultative endosymbionts whose sojourn times within individual host species are relatively brief.