bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and consequences of western Mediterranean subduction, rollback, and slab segmentation
Authors: van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Vissers Reinoud L. M. , Spakman Wim 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe western Mediterranean recorded subduction rollback, slab segmentation and separation. Here we address the questions of what caused Oligocene rollback initiation, and how its subsequent evolution split up an originally coherent fore arc into circum‐southwest Mediterranean segments. We kinematically reconstruct western Mediterranean geology from subduction initiation to present, using Atlantic plate reconstructions as boundary condition. We test possible reconstructions against remnants of subducted lithosphere imaged by seismic tomography. Transform motion between Africa and Iberia (including the Baleares) between ~120 and 85 Ma was followed by up to 150 km convergence until 30 Ma. Subduction likely initiated along the transform fault that accommodated pre‐85 Ma translation. By the ~30 Ma inception of rollback, up to 150 km of convergence had formed a small slab below the Baleares. Iberia was disconnected from Sardinia/Calabria through the North Balearic Transform Zone (NBTZ). Subduction below Sardinia/Calabria was slightly faster than below the Baleares, the difference being accommodated in the Pyrenees. A moving triple junction at the trench‐NBTZ intersection formed a subduction transform edge propagator fault between the Baleares and Calabria slab segments. Calabria rolled back eastward, whereas the Baleares slab underwent radial (SW‐S‐SE) rollback. After Kabylides‐Africa collision, the western slab segment retreated toward Gibraltar, here reconstructed as the maximum rollback end‐member model, and a Kabylides slab detached from Africa. Opening of a slab window below the NBTZ allowed asthenospheric rise to the base of the fore arc creating high‐temperature metamorphism. Western Mediterranean rollback commenced only after sufficient slab‐pull was created from 100 to 150 km of slow, forced subduction before ~30 Ma.
Evolution, distribution, and characteristics of rifting in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Philippon Melody , Corti Giacomo , Sani Federico , Bonini Marco , Balestrieri Maria‐Laura , Molin Paola , Willingshofer Ernst , Sokoutis Dimitrios , Cloetingh Sierd 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSouthern Ethiopia is a key region to understand the evolution of the East African rift system, since it is the area of interaction between the main Ethiopian rift (MER) and the Kenyan rift. However, geological data constraining rift evolution in this remote area are still relatively sparse. In this study the timing, distribution, and style of rifting in southern Ethiopia are constrained by new structural, geochronological, and geomorphological data. The border faults in the area are roughly parallel to preexisting basement fabrics and are progressively more oblique with respect to the regional Nubia–Somalia motion proceeding southward. Kinematic indicators along these faults are mainly dip slip, pointing to a progressive rotation of the computed direction of extension toward the south. Radiocarbon data indicate post 30 ka faulting at both western and eastern margins of the MER with limited axial deformation. Similarly, geomorphological data suggest recent fault activity along the western margins of the basins composing the Gofa Province and in the Chew Bahir basin. This supports that interaction between the MER and the Kenyan rift in southern Ethiopia occurs in a 200 km wide zone of ongoing deformation. Fault‐related exhumation at ~10–12 Ma in the Gofa Province, as constrained by new apatite fission track data, occurred later than the ~20 Ma basement exhumation of the Chew Bahir basin, thus pointing to a northward propagation of the Kenyan rift‐related extension in the area.
Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Receiving a Diagnosis of Hypertension Among Patients With Regular Primary Care
Authors: Bartels Christie M. , Johnson Heather , Voelker Katya , Thorpe Carolyn , McBride Patrick , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Pandhi Nancy , Smith Maureen 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveDespite numerous studies reporting increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the impact of RA on managing modifiable CVD risk factors remains understudied. We tested the hypothesis that RA is a risk factor for not receiving a hypertension diagnosis.MethodsUsing a cohort design, we studied adult patients with and without RA/inflammatory arthritis from a large academic multispecialty practice. All were seen regularly in primary care and met clinical guideline hypertension criteria, but lacked prior hypertension diagnosis/treatment. The primary outcome was time to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for hypertension or elevated blood pressure, or antihypertensive medication prescription. Kaplan‐Meier survival curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to examine the impact of RA on diagnosis of hypertension.ResultsAmong 14,974 patients with undiagnosed hypertension, 201 patients had RA codes. RA patients had equivalent primary care visits and more total visits compared to patients without RA. At the end of the study, the likelihood of hypertension diagnosis was 36% in RA patients compared to 51% in patients without RA. In adjusted Cox models, RA patients had a 29% lower hypertension diagnosis hazard (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.93), reflecting more undiagnosed hypertension than with other comorbidities.ConclusionAmong patients meeting guideline‐based hypertension criteria, RA patients were less likely to be diagnosed despite more visits than those without RA. Given heightened CVD risks in RA and the importance of hypertension diagnosis as a first step toward controlling risk, rheumatologists should collaborate to improve rates of diagnosis for this modifiable CVD risk factor.
Silver‐Catalyzed Alkyne Activation: The Surprising Ligand Effect
Authors: Su Yijin , Lu Mei , Dong Boliang , Chen Hao , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn unexpected ligand effect was discovered in the silver(I)‐catalyzed alkyne activation. For both aldehyde‐alkyne‐amine (A3) condensation and intermolecular alkyne hydroamination, the type B complex (P:Ag=1:1) effectively promoted the reaction, while no reaction occurred with either no ligand or excess ligands under the identical conditions.magnified image
Iodine‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Thiolation of Vinylic Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds via Tandem Iodocyclization and Dehydroiodination: Construction of 2‐Methylene‐3‐thiophenones
Authors: Zheng Gang , Ma Xiaoli , Liu Bangyu , Dong Ying , Wang Mang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA metal‐free vinylic carbon‐hydrogen bond thiolation has been developed. Under the catalysis of iodine (10 mol%), the cyclization of α‐alkenoyl ketene dithioacetals afforded a broad range of polyfunctionalized 2‐methylene‐3‐thiophenones in good selectivity with moderate to excellent yields via tandem iodocyclization and dehydroiodination. The synthetic strategy can also be extended to the cyclization of ortho‐methylthiophenyl vinyl ketones leading to 2‐methylene‐3‐benzothiophenones.magnified image
Stereoselective Synthesis of Phosphoryl‐Substituted Phenols
Authors: Xiong Biquan , Li Mei , Liu Yanxi , Zhou Yongbo , Zhao Changqiu , Goto Midori , Yin Shuang‐Feng , Han Li‐Biao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed CX activation‐phosphorylation of aryls bearing different groups has been achieved using P(O)H compounds as efficient phosphorylation reagents without the assistance of any ligand. Optically active H‐phosphinates can also act as good substrates in the reaction, giving the (Sp)‐phosphoryl substituted phenolic compounds stereospecifically with retention of configuration at the phosphorus center. Furthermore, it is shown that the migration of phosphorus on O‐aryl phosphonates from oxygen to carbon also proceeds stereospecifically to produce the corresponding optically active (Rp)‐phosphoryl‐substituted phenolic compounds with retention of configuration at phosphorus via treatment with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA). Plausible mechanisms have been proposed for these reactions.magnified image
Gold‐Catalyzed Redox Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines using Pyridine N‐Oxide and Alkynes
Authors: Talbot Eric P. A. , Richardson Melodie , McKenna Jeffrey M. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA mild, catalytic, atom economical synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines has been developed: catalytic dichloro(2‐pyridinecarboxylato)gold [PicAuCl2] in the presence of an acid produces a range of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in good yields starting from alkynes and 2‐aminopyridine N‐oxides. This strategy is mild and foreseen to be of particular use for the installation of stereogenic centers adjacent to the imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine ring without loss of enantiomeric excess.magnified image
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Heck Arylations of Acyclic Electron‐Rich Olefins with Internal Selectivity
Authors: Fardost Ashkan , Lindh Jonas , Sjöberg Per J. R. , Larhed Mats 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDespite the recent emergence of decarboxylative CC bond forming reactions, methodologies providing internally arylated electron‐rich olefins are still lacking. We herein report on palladium(II)‐catalyzed decarboxylative Heck arylations of linear electron‐rich olefins with excellent selectivity for the internal position. The method allows a variety of electron‐rich linear olefins to undergo arylation with ortho‐functionalized aromatic carboxylic acids, including heterocycles. The reaction mechanism has been explored with ESI‐MS studies to confirm previous findings, and to reveal the formation of a highly stable palladium complex as a result of the Heck product reacting with the catalyst.magnified image
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Naphthylcarbenoids and Their Synthetic Utilization in Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Lauterbach Tobias , Ganschow Michael , Hussong Matthias W. , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract1‐Naphthylcarbenoids are generated via 1,2‐acyl migration and subsequent carbene shift from simple, easily available diyne starting materials. These highly reactive species were allowed to react with differently substituted alkenes in both intermolecular and intramolecular fashions. In the intermolecular cases even a simple 1:1 ratio of the starting materials delivered the corresponding cyclopropylnaphthalenes in high yields by the use of a gold(III) catalyst. The methodology offers a completely new approach to these valuable targets, the new route represents an efficient alternative to common methods that are based on cross‐coupling strategies.magnified image
Work‐related traumatic injuries onboard freezer‐trawlers and freezer‐longliners operating in Alaskan waters during 2001–2012
Authors: Lucas Devin L. , Kincl Laurel D. , Bovbjerg Viktor E. , Lincoln Jennifer M. , Branscum Adam J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundWorkers onboard freezer‐trawl (FT) and freezer‐longline (FL) vessels in Alaska may be at high risk for fatal and non‐fatal injuries.MethodsTraumatic occupational injuries onboard vessels in the FT and FL fleets were identified through two government data sources.ResultsThe annual risk of fatal injuries was 125 per 100,000 FTEs in the FT fleet, and 63 per 100,000 FTEs in the FL fleet. The annual risk of non‐fatal injuries was 43 per 1,000 FTEs in the FT fleet and 35 per 1,000 FTEs in the FL fleet. The majority of injuries in the FT fleet occurred in the factories and freezer holds, whereas the most common injuries in the FL fleet occurred on deck while working the fishing gear.ConclusionsThe findings confirmed that workers in those fleets were at high risk for work‐related injuries. Injury prevention should focus on removing hazards in the work processes injuring the most workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:826–836, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of intranasal sodium hyaluronate on the short‐term quality of life of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cantone Elena , Castagna Giovanni , Sicignano Stefania , Ferranti Immacolata , Rega Felice , Di Rubbo Vittoria , Iengo Maurizio 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become the treatment of choice for patients with medically resistant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and nasal polyps. Despite the consolidated use of different treatments, the postoperative period is often very painful and uncomfortable, especially during the first month. Although evidence on the effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on postoperative care following FESS is available, data on the quality of life (QoL) from the patients’ perspective are still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the effectiveness of nasal douche with SH in reducing patients’ discomfort during the first month following FESS.MethodsA double‐blind randomized controlled study was carried out on 124 subjects undergoing FESS for CRS with nasal polyposis. They were divided into 2 groups: group I was treated with nasal douche containing 9 mg of high molecular weight SH plus saline solution and group II was treated with saline solution alone. To assess QoL in CRS patients, the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) test, the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires were administered.ResultsAt baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. However, after 30 days of long postoperative treatments, we found clinically significant improvements in QoL of subjects treated with SH, as evidenced by all QoL scales.ConclusionOur data indicate that SH significantly improves patients’ short‐term QoL following FESS in terms of both general health and specific sinonasal status.
Copper‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Intramolecular Amidation of Unactivated C(sp3)H Bonds
Authors: Wu Xuesong , Zhao Yan , Zhang Guangwu , Ge Haibo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe intramolecular dehydrogenative amidation of aliphatic amides, directed by a bidentate ligand, was developed using a copper‐catalyzed sp3 CH bond functionalization process. The reaction favors predominantly the CH bonds of β‐methyl groups over the unactivated methylene CH bonds. Moreover, a preference for activating sp3 CH bonds of β‐methyl groups, via a five‐membered ring intermediate, over the aromatic sp2 CH bonds was also observed in the cyclometalation step. Additionally, sp3 CH bonds of unactivated secondary sp3 CH bonds could be functionalized by favoring the ring carbon atoms over the linear carbon atoms.
A New Structural Motif for an Enantiomerically Pure Metallosupramolecular Pd4L8 Aggregate by Anion Templating
Authors: Klein Christoph , Gütz Christoph , Bogner Maximilian , Topić Filip , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn enantiomerically pure BINOL‐based bis(3‐pyridyl) ligand 1 assembles into a homochiral [Pd4(1)8] complex upon coordination to tetravalent PdII ions. The formation of this aggregate is templated by two tetrafluoroborate counterions that are encapsulated in two peripheral cavities. The resulting structure is a new structural motif for this kind of metallosupramolecular assemblies that arranges the palladium ions in a distorted tetrahedral fashion and forces ligand 1 to adopt two different conformations. Both phenomena are unique and cause an overall three‐dimensional structure that has another confined, chiral, and hydrophilic central cavity.
Prediction of Therapeutic Responses to Tocilizumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biomarkers Identified by Analysis of Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Genome‐Wide DNA Microarray
Authors: Sanayama Yoshie , Ikeda Kei , Saito Yukari , Kagami Shin‐ichiro , Yamagata Mieko , Furuta Shunsuke , Kashiwakuma Daisuke , Iwamoto Itsuo , Umibe Takeshi , Nawata Yasushi , Matsumura Ryutaro , Sugiyama Takao , Sueishi Makoto , Hiraguri Masaki , Nonaka Ken , Ohara Osamu , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this prospective multicenter study was to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict therapeutic responses to tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe recruited patients with RA who were treated with tocilizumab for the first time, and determined therapeutic responses at 6 months. In the training cohort (n = 40), gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline was analyzed using genome‐wide DNA microarray, with 41,000 probes derived from 19,416 genes. In the validation cohort (n = 20), expression levels of the candidate genes in PBMCs at baseline were determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis.ResultsWe identified 68 DNA microarray probes that showed significant differences in signal intensity between nonresponders and responders in the training cohort. Nineteen putative genes were selected, and a significant correlation between the DNA microarray signal intensity and the qPCR relative expression was confirmed in 15 genes. In the validation cohort, a significant difference in relative expression between nonresponders and responders was reproduced for 3 type I interferon response genes (IFI6, MX2, and OASL) and MT1G. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of models incorporating these genes showed that the maximum area under the curve was 0.947 in predicting a moderate or good response to tocilizumab in the validation cohort.ConclusionUsing genome‐wide DNA microarray analyses, we identified candidate biomarkers that can be used to predict therapeutic responses to tocilizumab in patients with RA. These findings suggest that type I interferon signaling and metallothioneins are involved in the pathophysiology of RA.
Ir(III)‐Catalyzed C7‐Position‐Selective Oxidative CH Alkenylation of Indolines with Alkenes in Air
Authors: Pan Shiguang , Wakaki Takayuki , Ryu Naoto , Shibata Takanori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for C7‐position‐selective alkenylation of N‐substituted indolines with alkenes is reported. Various 7‐alkenylindolines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields in air in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Cp*IrCl2]2, AgOTf, and Cu(OAc)2. The protocol relies on the use of a carbonyl or carbamoyl group on the nitrogen atom of indoline as a directing group and is potentially applicable to the synthesis of 7‐alkenylindoles and 7‐alkylindoles.
Eine einzigartige Fassade aus Glasfaserbeton
Authors: Feirabend Steffen , Emami Amin , Riedel Erwin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMit Glasfaserbeton lassen sich einzigartige Fassaden realisieren. Das Broad Museum im Herzen von Downtown Los Angeles ist hierfür ein Beispiel. Es wurde von den Architekten Diller Scofidio + Renfro entworfen. Das dreistöckige Kunstmuseum wird von einer Fassade aus mehr als 2 450 Glasfaserbetonelementen umhüllt. Die Elemente bestehen aus Glasfaserbetonschalen, die über einen Stahlrahmen mit dem Primärtragwerk verbunden sind. Mithilfe von 3D‐Software werden die organisch geformten Elemente konstruiert und bemessen. Für deren Herstellung im Spritzverfahren sind mehrere hundert individuell CNC‐gefräste Schalungen notwendig. Es existieren sowohl geschlossene als auch offene Glasfaserelemente. Hinter dieser Hülle aus Glasfaserbeton ist eine weitere Glasfassade mit bis zu 7,6 m hohen Glasscheiben. Durch die Öffnungen in den Glasfaserbetonelementen wird das indirekte Sonnenlicht in das Gebäude geleitet.Die Bemessung und Detailausbildung der beiden sehr komplexen Gebäudehüllen berücksichtigt die hohen Anforderungen möglicher seismischer Belastungen in Los Angeles.Das Gebäude befindet sich derzeit im Bau und wird mit seiner einzigartigen Architektur sicherlich ein neues Wahrzeichen der Stadt werden.A unique building envelope with GFRCGFRC allows to create unique building envelopes like for the Broad project. ‘The Broad’ is an art museum in the heart of downtown Los Angeles designed by the famous architects Diller Scofidio + Renfro. The three story high building is enclosed with a veil out of more than 2 450 GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete) elements. There are hundreds of individual types of GFRC elements designed and analyzed with the 3D‐software. Each type requires a separate formwork for its unique shaping and individual steel subframe for fixation to the primary structure.The unique organic formed GFRC elements have funnel openings allowing the indirect sunlight to shine through so that the required artificial lightning could be reduced within the building. Behind the openings there is a second envelope of glass. This second envelope consists out of two side supported glass units with up to 7.6 m span. Due to the seismic requirements special precautions have been carried out in the design of this sophisticated GFRC and glass envelope. The unique building will be a new landmark in the City of Los Angeles when opened to the public.
Ductal‐Fassade Louis Vuitton in Aventura/Florida
Authors: Laufs Wilfried , Desarzens Patrick 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDie Design‐Zielsetzung von besonderer, großflächiger Identität des Modehauses Louis Vuitton führte zu einer neuartigen Fassadenlösung, welche aus hochfestem Ductal‐LaFarge‐Beton (UHPC = ultra‐high performing concrete) offen vergossene Gussplattenlemente verwendet, die als rain‐screen over‐clad der bereits vorhandenen Gebäudehülle eine völlig neue Erscheinungsform geben. Mittels feinjustierbarer Unterkonstruktion für Hinterschnittanker und einer vorangegangenen Laser‐3D‐Vermessung und der Modellierung der einzelnen Fassadenschichten in Solidworks Software konnte eine praktisch fugenfreie flächige Oberfläche erzielt werden, die optisch auf den blumenartigen LV Mode‐Emblem‐Kreisen beruht und das Gebäude vollständig neu einhüllt. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Vorgehensweise zur Planung dieser zweiten Haut aus Sicht des Ingenieurs und Fassadenplaners, welche auch auf der Basis hoher Orkan‐Windlasten bemessen ist und das noch nicht genormte Ductal‐Material mittels Kleinteilversuchen und FEM‐Berechnungen rechnerisch nachweist.Ductal Façade Louis Vuitton in Aventura/Florida – currently largest molded Ductal UHPC building envelope in the USThe design objective to create a unique, large surface identity for fashion company Louis Vuitton lead to an innovative façade solution which uses high‐strength Ductal LaFarge concrete (UHPC = ultra‐ high performing concrete) as open‐molded panel elements in a rain‐screen over‐clad application, which give the existing façade an entirely new appearance. Designing a finely adjustable sub‐structure for under‐cut anchors following 3D laser scans on site combined with Solidworks Software modeling of all envelope layers, a practically joint‐free façade surface was created, which is based on the flower‐like Louis Vuitton emblem circles wrapping the existing building in a completely new fashion. The following article describes the planning procedure for this second skin from a structural and façade engineering perspective, which is also designed based on high hurricane wind cladding loading and small‐scale 1:1 anchor testing data in combination with finite element modeling for the not‐yet fully standardized Ductal material.