bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Did Emperor Moctezuma II’s head injury and subsequent death hasten the fall of the Aztec nation?
Authors: Sanchez Gonzalo M. 
Published: July 2015

This article analyzes the head injury of Emperor Moctezuma as one of those injuries that affected the course of history. The Emperor’s death arguably changed the fate of an entire nation and led to the destruction of the Aztec civilization.
Moctezuma died in the evening hours of June 30, 1520, in his palace in the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, while a prisoner of the Spanish conquistadors. The Emperor had been speaking to his people in an effort to persuade them to cease hostilities against Hernán Cortés, his Spanish soldiers, and Indian allies. Both Spanish and Indian contemporary sources document that he sustained a severe head injury when one of his own warriors hit him with a rock thrown from a sling. However, after the Conquest of Mexico some of the information collected by Spanish friars from Indian stories, songs, and pictorial representations raised the possibility that Moctezuma died of strangulation or stabbing at the hands of the Spaniards. There is even a suggestion of suicide. This issue remains unresolved and emotionally charged.
The historical and clinical analysis of the events surrounding Moctezuma’s death indicates that the Emperor most likely died as a consequence of head injury. The author has attempted to present a neutral analysis but agrees with Benjamin Keen that neutrality may be unattainable, no matter how remote the subject of historical inquiry is from the present.
Direct suction decompression and fenestrated clip reconstruction of complex paraclinoid carotid artery aneurysm: operative video and nuances of skull base technique
Authors: Liu James K. 
Published: July 2015

Direct microsurgical clipping of complex paraclinoid carotid artery aneuryms remains a formidable technical challenge due to the auneurysm's deep location at the skull base, with adjacent bony anatomy, large size, wide neck, and complex neuroanatomical relationships. In this operative video atlas manuscript, the author demonstrates a step-by-step technique for microsurgical clip reconstruction of a large complex ventral paraclinoid carotid artery aneurysm, using a trapping and direct suction decompression strategy followed by multiple fenestrated clip reconstruction of the internal carotid artery (ICA) via a modified orbitozygomatic approach. The nuances of skull base techniques are illustrated including extradural optic nerve decompression, extradural anterior clinoidectomy, incision of the falciform ligament to untether the optic nerve, and release of the distal durai ring to obtain proximal control. Reconstruction of the ICA and preservation of the anterior choroidal artery were achieved with multiple fenestrated clips. Aneurysm obliteration and patency of flow through the ICA was confirmed on video indocyanine green and catheter angiography. Although novel endovascular strategies continue to evolve, these microsurgical skull base techniques should remain in the surgical armamentarium for treating these complex cranial base vascular lesions.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/IPS6lslk1ds.
Clip reconstruction of giant vertebral artery aneurysm after failed flow reduction therapy
Authors: Kimura Toshikazu , Kin Taichi , Shojima Masaaki , Morita Akio 
Published: July 2015

Flow reduction therapy is sometimes utilized for difficult aneurysms, but it does not always work. A 42-year-old man presented with headache, dizziness, and slight gait disturbance due to left thrombosed giant vertebral aneurysm. Clip ligation of the VA after the PICA origin was performed for flow reduction based on the CFD analysis. Two months later, the aneurysm showed minor hemorrhage and hydrocephalus, and thrombectomy and clip reconstruction of the VA was performed. He returned to work with slight ipsilateral facial palsy (House & Brackmann grade 2).The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/-AUVk6nxefQ.
Clipping of a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm with right A1–A2 sectioning and reanastomosis
Authors: Hage Ziad A. , Charbel Fady T. 
Published: July 2015

We showcase the microsurgical clipping of a previously coiled and ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm, done through a right-sided approach. Initial clipping with a fenestrated clip occluded the flow in the right A2. After temporary clipping of both A1 and A2 vessels, we cut the right A1 and A2, clipped the aneurysm with a straight clip while preserving the flow in the left A1 and A2 and then performed reanastomosis of the right A1-A2 in an end to end fashion. This strategy allowed for complete obliteration of the aneurysm while preserving the flow in all four vessels.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/4Y024zU5NVo.
Intracranial blister aneurysms: clip reconstruction techniques
Authors: Barrow Daniel L. , Pradilla Gustavo , McCracken D. Jay 
Published: July 2015

Intracranial blister aneurysms are difficult to treat cerebrovascular lesions that typically affect the anterior circulation. These rare aneurysms can lead to acute rupture which usually cannot be treated via endovascular methods, but still require urgent surgical intervention. Surgical options are limited given their unique pathology and often require a combination of wrapping and clip reconstruction. In this video we present two patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured blister aneurysms. We demonstrate several surgical techniques for repairing the vascular defect with and without intraoperative rupture.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/nz-JM45uKQU.
Effect of yogic intervention on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Deorari Manju , Bhardwaj Ishwar 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Autism is one of the most common developmental disorders. It is a lifelong brain disorder that is normally diagnosed in early childhood. Autism is a spectrum disorder varying in severity and impact from individual to individual.

Aims:
The main purpose of this study is to find the effect of yogic intervention on children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Settings and Design:
Thirty children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder were selected from Abhiprerna Foundation, Haridwar for the study. The age of the subjects ranged from 5 to 16 years. The design used for the study was pre-post design. Purposive sampling was used for collection of the sample.

Methods:
The current study was performed with parents/caregivers who gave information regarding the daily activities of the child; pre and post values for the study were assessed on the basis of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. yogic practices including OM Chanting, Asanas, and Pranayama were used as intervention for a period of 3 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Paired samples t-test was used for comparing the means of pre and post values.

Results:
Though there was statistically significant reduction in the symptoms of autism in children after a period of 3 months, yet the effect size was very small to draw an assertive conclusion.

Conclusions:
The results conclude that continuous practice of yoga may significantly improve the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Such an effect also calls for a detailed study on their effectiveness in the long run.
Nonlinear Stability and B-convergence of Additive Runge-Kutta Methods for Nonlinear Stiff Problems
Authors: Yue Chao , Xiao Aiguo , Liu Hongliang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we are devoted to nonlinear stability and B-convergence of additive Runge-Kutta (ARK) methods for nonlinear stiff problems with multiple stiffness. The concept of -algebraic stability of ARK methods for a class of stiff problems Kστ is introduced, and it is proven that this stability implies some contractive properties of the ARK methods. Some results on optimal B-convergence of ARK methods for Kσ,0 are given. These new results extend the existing ones of RK methods and ARK methods in the references. Numerical examples test the correctness of our theoretical analysis.
Re-Creating a Patron for the Ninth Century:
Authors: Bosworth Amy 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
As an act of veneration and celebration, Heiric of Auxerre in the 870s compiled the story of Saint Germanus, a fifth-century bishop and the patron of his monastic community. On the surface the Miracula sancti Germani follows conventional hagiographical patterns. Yet a closer analysis reveals that the Miracula's author also sought to demonstrate the continuing and influential role of this saint in the Carolingian world. Through a deliberate and calculated use of geography, Heiric selected specific locations to highlight a new sphere of influence, one that reached beyond that of the accepted boundaries of Auxerre and responded to contemporary political and ecclesiastical anxieties. He crafted a sacred topography that spoke to both the spiritual needs of the community (lay and ecclesiastical) and the temporal concerns of the ninth-century Carolingian world.
Nikephoros II Phokas and Orthodox Military Martyrs
Authors: Riedel Meredith 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963–69), revered by the Orthodox Church as a saint, is reviled in John Skylitzes's eleventh-century chronicle. Skylitzes's criticism has been widely quoted to support many claims but never examined on its own merit and is too quickly accepted by modern scholars. When examined in the context of tenth-century warfare and Byzantine religion, Skylitzes's remark—the claim that Nikephoros attempted to pass a law declaring fallen soldiers automatic martyrs—reveals conflict between emperor and patriarch but ultimately cannot be considered either plausible or accurate, because it fails to take account of the emperor's ascetic faith as well as the high spiritual honor accorded to military casualties by the population.
Making “Penance Profytable”:
Authors: Sirko Jill 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
In the Showings, Julian of Norwich describes a tension between the visions she receives and the teachings of Holy Church. Although this tension is usually examined in relation to the Parable of the Lord and the Servant, this article explores the difference between the “higher dome” and the “lower dome” in terms of sacramental confession. I argue that Julian seems to sideline the sacrament of penance by introducing a new form of confession and penance that is directly facilitated by God. However, I conclude that rather than replacing sacramental confession, Julian's penitential practice serves to complement the medieval penitential system by correcting its punitive and judicial emphasis, which she feels causes unnecessary despair in its focus on the sinner's blameworthiness.
DISPONIBILIDADE DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM Eucalyptus saligna CULTIVADOS COM LODO DE PAPEL RECICLADO
Authors: De Castro Faria Álvaro Boson , Angelo Alessandro Camargo , Auer Celso Garcia 
Published: July 2015

Os resíduos sólidos da indústria de reciclagem de papel têm potencial de uso para correção da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas e florestais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de lodo de papel reciclado e de adubação de cobertura sobre a disponibilidade de macronutrientes em Eucalyptus saligna Smith, com base em um ensaio com mudas com três meses de idade transplantadas para vasos distribuídos com espaçamento em uma área experimental. Após a homogeneização da granulometria e da umidade do lodo, foi implantado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois fatores (dose e adubação em cobertura) e três repetições, totalizando dezoito amostras de folhas e dezoito de raízes por micronutriente. O lodo de papel reciclado não interferiu na disponibilização do P. Também não foi uma fonte de N, K e Mg para as plantas. O resíduo foi uma fonte de Ca para o desenvolvimento vegetal.Palavras chave: Produção florestal; resíduos agroindustriais; sustentabilidade. AbstractMacronutrients availability in Eucalyptus saligna grown with recycled paper sludge. The solid waste of recycling paper industry has potential to be used for the correction of soil acidity and as a source of nutrients for agricultural crops and forestry. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of recycled paper sludge and top fertilization on the availability of macronutrients in Eucalyptus saligna Smith, based on a test with seedlings with three months old transplanted to pots distributed with spacing an experimental area. After homogenization of particle size and moisture content of the sludge, was implemented a completely randomized design with two factors (dose and top fertilization), and three repetitions, totaling eighteen samples of leaves and roots for each micronutrient. The recycled paper sludge did not affect the availability of P. Also, did not was a source of N, K, and Mg for plants. The residue was a source of Ca for the vegetal development.Keywords: Forestry; agro-industrial residues; sustainability.
ESTRUTURA E DIVERSIDADE DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DO ITAJAÍ, SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Caglioni Eder , Curcio Gustavo Ribas , Uhlmann Alexandre , Bonnet Annete 
Published: July 2015

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar um segmento arbóreo/arbustivo de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana em paisagem de encosta, a partir da margem de um ribeirão em Blumenau/SC, em solos não hidromórficos, bem como analisar sua estrutura associando-se as características geopedológicas. Realizou-se contextualização pedossequencial da encosta, ao longo da qual foram instaladas 33 parcelas de 100 m2 cada, amostrando-se todos os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Foram calculados parâmetros fitossociológicos e índice de diversidade, assim como elaboraram-se gráficos de altura das espécies por terço da encosta e confeccionou-se a curva de rarefação de espécies, para comparar com outros levantamentos fitossociológicos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Itajaí. Foram identificados, nos terços inferior, médio e superior da encosta, Neossolo Flúvico, Neossolo Regolítico e Cambissolo Háplico, respectivamente. Foram amostradas 114 espécies, representadas principalmente por Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Rubiaceae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi elevado (4,13 nats/ind). A altura das espécies diminuiu do terço inferior para o superior da encosta. A curva de rarefação formou dois grupos de similaridade. Conclui-se que a área pesquisada possui elevada riqueza e que a heterogeneidade física da encosta influenciou a altura e a inclinação da vegetação ao longo da mesma, apresentando padrões de riqueza diferentes, em comparação com áreas próximas.Palavras-chave: Fitossociologia; floresta de encosta; Mata Atlântica; pedossequência; Blumenau. AbstractStructure and diversity of the arboreal synusia on a hillside forest, on Serra do Itajai National Park, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. This study aims to characterize the tree/shrub synusiae of a part of Dense Submontane Ombrophylous Forest located on a non-hydromorphic hillside at the margins of Garcia Pequeno River, Blumenau, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Thirty three quadrat plots (100 m²) were installed, and all individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm were sampled. Phytosociological parameters and diversity index were calculated, and a rarefaction curve was constructed in order to compare the results with others phytosociological surveyed in the region nearby. At lower, middle and upper third slope, were described, Fluvic Neossol, Entisol and Haplic Cambisol, respectively. One-hundred and four species were sampled, represented mainly by Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, and Rubiaceae. Shannon diversity index (H´) was high (4.3 nats/ind), as well as the specific richness compared with other studies. Mass movement factors influencing pedon characteristics appears to affect vegetation community characteristics, such as average height of individuals, which tends to decrease on the upper third of the hillside.Keywords: Phytosociological; hillside forest; Atlantic Rain Forest; toposequence; Blumenau.
GERMINATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS OF Parkia gigantocarpa FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan Wesley Ferreira , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de , Contreiras Rodrigues Adriana Paula D'Agostini , Rondon Eliazel Vieira 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParkia gigantocarpa is a valuable timber tree, and due to its rapid growth and great survival can be used to enrich forest clearings. The aims of this study was describe main morphological characters of seeds and seedlings, and to evaluate germination and initial growth of the species at six temperatures. The seed shape varies from elliptical, oblong or ovoid with bone consistency surface, smooth, glossy black color and presence of pleurogram. Average dimensions were 21.25 mm (length), 10.43 mm (width), and 6.15 mm (thickness). The embryo type is linear axial, with fleshy cotyledons, convex planes and dominant. The germination is epigeous phanerocotyledonary with fleshy cotyledons, and occurs between the second and fifth days after sowing. The fully developed seedling stage was reached on the fifteenth day after sowing. Temperatures of 30 and 35 C provided higher germination rates in less time and with higher root biomass allocation.Keywords: Amazon; biometrics; germination temperature; fava-atanã; forest seeds. ResumoGerminação e morfologia de sementes e plântulas de Parkia gigantocarpa Fabaceae: Mimosoidae. Parkia gigantocarpa é uma árvore de interesse madeireiro, indicada para o enriquecimento de clareiras devido seu rápido crescimento. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever os principais caracteres morfológicos de sementes e plântulas, e avaliar a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento inicial da espécie em seis temperaturas. As sementes apresentam formato que varia de elíptica, ovóide ou oblonga com superfície de consistência óssea, lisa, brilhosa de coloração negra e presença de pleurograma, com dimensões médias de 21,25 mm de comprimento, 10,43 mm de largura, e 6,15 mm de espessura. O embrião é do tipo axial linear, com cotilédones crassos, plano convexos e dominantes. A germinação é epígea fanerocotiledonar com cotilédones carnosos, e ocorre entre o segundo e quinto dias após semeadura, sendo que o estágio de plântula completamente formada é alcançado no décimo quinto dia após a semeadura. As temperaturas de 30 e 35 ºC proporcionaram elevadas taxas de germinação em menor tempo e com maior alocação de biomassa radicular.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; biometria; temperatura para germinação; fava-atanã; sementes florestais.
DIVERSIDADE E GUILDAS DE REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NA BORDA DE UMA FLORESTA NATIVA EM CONTATO COM PLANTIO DE PÍNUS
Authors: Dalla Rosa Angélica , Silva Ana Carolina , Higuchi Pedro , Guidini André Luiz , Spiazzi Fábio Rodrigues , Negrini Marcelo , Ansolin Roni Djeison , Bento Marco Antonio , Gonçalves Didiane Ana , Ferreira Tiago De Souza 
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a influência do efeito borda sobre a diversidade e a participação de diferentes guildas de regeneração em um fragmento florestal nativo em contato com reflorestamento de pínus. Para isso, foram amostrados o estrato arbóreo adulto (DAP - diâmetro à altura do peito ≥ 5 cm) e regenerante (altura maior que 15 cm e DAP < 5 cm) em cinco transeções de 20 x 100 m perpendiculares à borda do fragmento. Cada transeção foi subdividida em cinco subparcelas de 20 x 20 m, definindo-se os setores representando o gradiente borda-interior: 0-20 m, 20-40 m, 40-60 m, 60-80 m e 80-100 m. As espécies foram classificadas em guildas de regeneração: pioneira, clímax exigente em luz e clímax tolerante a sombra. Foram determinadas a diversidade (Índice de Shannon) e a abundância das guildas em cada setor e estrato. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t de Hutcheson e teste de proporção. Enquanto que no estrato adulto não houve variações na diversidade ao longo do gradiente borda-interior, no componente regenerativo a maior diversidade foi observada na borda (0-20 m). Apenas no estrato adulto foram observadas variações na participação relativa das guildas, com maior concentração de indivíduos de pioneiras nos primeiros 40 m.Palavras-chave: Ecologia; fragmentação de hábitats; Floresta Ombrófila Mista. AbstractDiversity and regeneration guilds of tree species in an edge of a natural forest in contact with a pinus plantation. The objective of the present study was to verify the influence of edge-effect on diversity and regeneration guilds participation in a forest fragment in contact with a Pinus plantation. For this, the adult (dbh - diameter at breast height≥5 cm) and regenerative (height higher than 15 and dbh<5 cm) components were sampled in five, 20×100 m, transects perpendiculars to the edge of a fragment. Each transect was subdivided in five, 20×20 m, subplots, defining the following sectors representing the edge-interior gradient: 0-20 m, 20-40 m, 40-60 m, 60-80 m and 80-100 m. The species were classified according to the following regeneration guilds: pioneer, light demanding climax and shade tolerant climax. The diversity (Shannon Index) and guilds abundance in each sector were determined. The data were analyzed by Hutcheson t test and proportion test. While no variation was observed for the adult component, the highest of diversity was observed in the edge (0-20 m) for the regenerative component. Variations along the edge gradient of the relative participation of guilds were observed only for adults, with a concentration of Pioneer within the first 40 m.Keywords: Ecology; habitat fragmentation; Araucaria Forest.
Study of planar heterojunction perovskite photovoltaic cells using compact titanium oxide by chemical bath deposition
Authors: Yamamoto Kouhei , Kuwabara Takayuki , Takahashi Kohshin , Taima Tetsuya 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Spin-coated perovskite solar cells from sol–gels result in high processing costs because of the need for high temperatures. Here, we report a low-temperature spin-coating route to fabricate planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells using chemical bath deposition of compact-TiO
x
layers. Comparison of the solar cell properties of compact-TiO
x
and compact-TiO2 layers show that the power conversion efficiency of the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell fabricated by the low-temperature, compact-TiO
x
route is comparable to that of conventional TiO2. The chemical bath deposition method requires heating to 150 °C only to form amorphous compact-TiO
x
films compared with the 450 °C required for crystalline anatase compact-TiO2 films.
Optical characterization of different module technologies
Authors: Ebner Rita , Kubicek Bernhard , Újvári Gusztav , Berger Karl 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
For a complete quality control of different module technologies (crystalline and thin film) a combination of fast and non-destructive methods was investigated. Camera-based measurements, such as electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), and infrared (IR) technologies, offer excellent possibilities for determining production failures or defects in solar modules, which cannot be detected by means of standard power measurements. These types of optical measurement provide high resolution images with a two-dimensional distribution of the characteristic features of PV modules. This paper focuses on quality control and characterization using EL, PL, and IR imaging with conventional cameras and an alternative excitation source for the PL-setup.