bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of microcystins in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Koreivienė Judita , Belous Olga , Kasperovičienė Jūratė 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Koreivienė J., Belous O., Kasperovičienė J., 2012: Variations of microcystins in freshwater ecosystems [Mikrocystinai gėlavandenėse ekosistemose]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 139-148 Increased frequency, severity of harmful algae blooms and their extent worldwide have become a global challenge due to the production of toxins that are released to the water. Cyanotoxins are detected in 25-75% of blooms. Hazardous hepatotoxin-microcystin potential producers, spatial and temporal variations of toxins as well as their variations depending on environmental variables are discussed in this overview. The most common species among microcystin producers belong to the genera Dolichospermum and Microcystis. Variations of the amount of microcystins detected through the bloom are associated with the dominant cyanobacteria species or its genotype. The abundance of toxic cyanobacteria genotype and cyanotoxin values increase with the rise of water temperature and nutrient concentrations in the freshwaters. On the seasonal basis, cell-bound microcystin concentrations increase with bloom development, whereas extracellular cyanotoxin values rise with the senescing of bloom after cyanobacterial cell lysis.
The genus Normandina (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Lithuania
Authors: Motiejūnaitė Jurga , Uselienė Asta , Uselis Vytautas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Motiejūnaitė J., Uselienė A., Uselis V., 2013: The genus Normandina ( Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Lithuania. [Normandina gentis (Verrucariaceae, lichenizuoti aukšliagrybūnai) Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 157-160. Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. is reported here as new to Lithuania and the Baltic states. It was found on moss-covered bark of Alnus glutinosa in a well-preserved swampy black alder stand. Distribution and status of N. pulchella and N. acroglypta in Lithuania are discussed.
Confirmation of Utricularia australis occurrence in Lithuania
Authors: Sinkevičienė Zofija 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Sinkevičienė Z., 2013: Confirmation of Utricularia australis occurrence in Lithuania [Utricularia australis auga ir Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 161-164. Occurrence of Utricularia australis R. Br. on the territory of Lithuania was confirmed by finding it in Lake Kampinis, Varėna district municipality. Morphological differences between similar species U. australis and Utricularia vulgaris as well as species composition of the association Utricularietum australis and accompanying communities are presented and discussed.
Performance Analysis and Benchmarking of Commercial Banks Operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a DEA Approach
Authors: Memić Deni , Škaljić-Memić Selma 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: During the last four years, the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been facing crisis which has caused the stagnation within the sector. Still, the results within the sector vary to a great extent from bank to bank. Objectives: The efficiency score is assessed for each bank and serves as a basis for further comparisons between banks in the period between 2008 and 2010. Methods: A modified model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used in order to combine several financial indicators simultaneously in a unique efficiency measure. The model provides a rounded judgement on a bank's relative efficiency. Results: Efficiency of individual banks varied throughout the observed period and not all of the banks were a part of the negative banking sector trend induced by the crisis. There is no significant difference between performance of banks in different entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and between smaller and larger banks. Conclusions: The results of the study can be used by bank managers to assess the performance of their banks, as observing financial ratios separately can result in a misleading conclusion. The most valuable practical implications of the findings are the provided feasible targets for the three observed years.
Expert System Approach to the Assessment of Spiritual Intelligence Impact for Decisionmaking Performance
Authors: Stupar Savo , Pilav-Velić Amila , Šahić Elvir 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: In contrast to the rational (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ), spiritual intelligence (SQ) is often underestimated and insufficiently investigated. This type of intelligence refers to our approach to the issue of the meaning and value of life, in terms that our actions are placed in a wider context. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate in which extent spiritual intelligence determines the decision making process. In this context, the success of business decision is assigned as its functionality as one of the most prominent feature of successful decision. Methods: The inductive method of building an expert system, i.e. a knowledge based system (Doctus Knowledge-Based Expert System Shell) and casebased concluding on the degree of informativeness (with a key impact on functionality of decision) of individual components (Case Based Reasoning) are used in testing this relationship. Results: The study demonstrates the fact that most of respondents (managers) have not been even familiar with attributes of SI as well as their relationship with decision making process. Conclusions: Identification of the most significant components of SI that affect effectiveness of decisions would allow managers to focus on those which mostly contribute to the functionality of their decisions.
Business Challenges and Design: Theory and Practice in the Furniture Industry in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Radović Romina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: A systematic and continuous product policy management is important for a company's competitiveness and the question is to what extent and in what way companies engaged in the furniture manufacturing sector actually apply them. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to explore to what extent the design profession is involved in the product policy and teams which define market properties of products in the furniture industry. Methods: In order to achieve the objectives of this paper, the Model for Exploring the Role of Design in Defining Market Properties and the Product Policy in the Furniture Industry has been devised. Two surveys have been conducted, measuring the level of involvement of the design profession in the product policy, as well as the involvement of designers in the work of teams which define market properties of products in the furniture industry. Results: The design profession is not systematically and continuously involved in the function of the product policy as the key component in programming a company's development and growth in the furniture industry. Conclusions: Companies engaged in furniture manufacturing should consider the possibility of involving design managers in coordination and management of product development, as well as in communication coordination on the manufacturer - designer level.
Habit Formation and Preference Change with Capital and Renewable Resources
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: Although there are many formal models about interactions among habit formation, preference change and the economic growth, only a few formal models examine implications of habit formation and preference change for the economic growth with resources. Objectives: This paper builds an economic growth model with endogenous physical capital, renewable resources, habit formation and preference. Methods: Although it is influenced by the Ramsey growth theory with time preference and habit formation, the paper applies a new approach to the household behaviour. Results: We plot the motion of the economy and conduct a comparative dynamic analysis with regard to certain parameters to obtain insights into interactions between the preference and the economic structural changes. Conclusions: We have shown that habit formation and preference change have significant effects on the economic grow and resources utilization both with regard to the transitional paths and the long-run equilibrium.
Discussion: the development of this skill in inquiry-based science teaching methodologies / Kształcenie umiejętności prowadzenia dyskusji zgodnie z metodologią nauczania przez odkrywanie
Authors: Szostak Elżbieta , Odrowąż Ewa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
ESTABLISH - European Science and Technology in Action: Building Links with Industry, School and Home is a four year pan-European project funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). A specific aims of this project is to reinforce the links between school education and external world, so as to raise the level of scientific knowledge of teachers and their students, and increase students’ intrinsic motivation to science and technology. Inquiry-based science education (IBSE) has been selected as the methodology to facilitate this type of teaching and learning. In order to achieve this set aim, it is necessary to prepare the teaching staff to be involved in IBSE. Across Europe teachers and students have begun to adopt the IBSE methodology, facilitated by many projects including ESTABLISH. In Poland, the ESTABLISH teachers training included inter alia, two summer schools during which teachers can deepen the knowledge and understanding of how to apply the IBSE strategy into their own teaching practices. Selected because of their importance in contemporary society life, are the abilities to discuss, to argue and to draw connections. Those skills require the use of specific rules. During the ESTABLISH training, teachers were tasked with creating a list of rules to help them lead a “good discussion” in their classroom. They tried to follow those rules discussing many hot and current topics, for example nuclear energy or use of supplements to lose weight (Chitosan). The advantages and disadvantages of developing this skill (discussion) as part of this teaching method were examined by participants of summer school. At the end of classes teachers shared their experiences of working with proposed method and collectively created a list of discussion topics they thought would be interesting for students that can be implemented in Polish schools. In the presentation, our experiences, remarks and conclusions from working with summer schools' teachers of the ESTABLISH project will be shared.
Microbiological and physico-chemical composition of sewage sludge derived from the food industry / Skład mikrobiologiczny i fizykochemiczny osadów ściekowych pochodzących z przemysłu spożywczego
Authors: Błaszczyk Katarzyna , Krzyśko-Łupicka Teresa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the microbiological and physico-chemical composition of sewage sludge from the food industry. The research material was dewatered sewage sludge with and without lime, derived from the water and drink production plant in the Opole region, obtained for testing in March 2013. Physico-chemical analysis included the determination of: pH, temperature of sludge, sedimentation properties, the dry weight, mineral substances, biogenic elements and heavy metals. Microbiological evaluation included quantitative and qualitative determination of mesophilic, psychrophilic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Sewage sludge with and without lime characterized similar physico-chemical parameters. However, the addition of lime to the sludge led to a change in ratios of different groups of microorganisms. In the sludge with lime, we observed reduction in the number of mesophilic bacteria and yeast, and total inhibition of psychrophilic bacteria and fungi. Knowledge of the physico-chemical parameters and microbiological composition of the sewage sludge is needed to determine the directions of their development
The dynamics of vitamin C content in fresh and processed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) / Dynamika zmian zawartości witaminy C w ogórku świeżym (Cucumis sativus L.) i jego przetworach
Authors: Grzelakowska Agnieszka , Cieślewicz Joanna , Łudzińska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The objective of the proposed experiment was to determine changes in the content of vitamin C in the vegetable material (fresh and processed) during a certain period of time, and to determine the optimal expiry date of a product (in terms of the vitamin C content), as well as to introduce students to common factors adversely affecting the content of vitamin C in food products (with a special emphasis on oxidizing enzymes). The research revealed that regardless of the type of cucumbers (fresh, pickled in brine or in vinegar), the content of vitamin C is rapidly dropping after the destruction of the cellular structure (grating, slicing etc.). In the case of fresh cucumbers, it is a process determined by two factors: release and activation of ascorbinase from the destroyed cellular structure and availability of oxygen. Low pH values in the remaining cases reduce the effect of ascorbinase, and a decrease in the vitamin C content is related to the process of oxidation with atmospheric oxygen.
Effect of temperature on toxicity of selected insecticides to forest beetle Anoplotrupes Stercorosus / Interakcja temperatury z wybranymi insektycydami chrząszcza leśnego Anoplotrupes stercorosus
Authors: Piechowicz Bartosz , Grodzicki Przemysław 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In 2007 and 2008 research on the impact of temperature, ranging from 14 to 39°C on the survivability of an adult Anoplotrupes stercorosus intoxicated by insecticide preparations from the group of phosphoorganic insecticides (diazinon), carbamate (pirimicarb), quinazolines (fenazaquin), oxadiazine (indoxacarb), benzoyl urea insecticides (teflubenzuron), neonicotinoids (acetamiprid) and pyrethroids (beta-cyfluthrin) was carried out. The results obtained indicate that all preparations used in tests had a positive temperature coefficient.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND STATIONARY CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO-PHASE FLUIDISED-BED BIOREACTOR WITH EXTERNAL AERATION
Authors: Tabiś Bolesław , Stryjewski Wojciech S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A mathematical model for a two-phase fluidised bed bioreactor with liquid recirculation and an external aerator was proposed. A stationary nonlinear analysis of such a bioreactor for an aerobic process with double-substrate kinetics was carried out. The influences of a volumetric fraction of solid carriers in the liquid phase, the rate of active biomass transfer from the biofilm to the liquid, the concentration of carbonaceous substrate, the mean residence time of the liquid and the efficiency of the external aerator on the steady state characteristics of the bioreactor were described. A method for determination of the minimal recirculation ratio related to oxygen demand and fluidised bed conditions was presented. On the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to choose reasonable operating conditions of such plants and to determine constraints, while considering acceptable concentrations of a toxic substrate being degraded.
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE LOADING AND DETACHMENT CONDITIONS ON A PLANE BIOFILM BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Blatkiewicz Michał , Tabiś Bolesław , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A mathematical model of a plane, steady state biofilm, with the use of a single substrate kinetics, was proposed. A set of differential equations was solved. In order to analyse the biofilm’s behaviour, a number of simulations were performed. The simulations included varying process parameters such as detachment coefficient and substrate loading. Two detachment models were taken into consideration: one describing the detachment ratio as proportional to the thickness of the biofilm, and the other one proportional to the thickness of the biofilm squared. The results provided information about substrate and live cell distribution in biofilm and the influence of certain parameters on biofilm behaviour.
COPPER/ZINC CATALYSTS IN HYDROGENATION OF CARBON OXIDES
Authors: Kulawska Maria , Madej-Lachowska Maria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Engineering, 44-100 Gliwice, Bałtycka 5, Poland A review concerning main processes of hydrogenation of carbon oxides towards synthesis of methanol, mixture of methanol and higher aliphatic alcohols and one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether as well as methanol steam reforming is given. Low-temperature methanol catalysts and lowtemperature modified methanol catalysts containing copper as primary component and zinc as secondary one are described.
Air-Core Sensors Operation Modes for Partial Discharge Detection and On-line Diagnostics in Medium Voltage Networks
Authors: Kütt Lauri , Shafiq Muhammad , Lehtonen Matti , Mõlder Heigo , Järvik Jaan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this paper, sensors for the application of high voltage networks insulation diagnostics are focused on. For detection and localization of the components with insulation deterioration, observing the partial discharge transients is one of the main methods. However, as the partial discharge traces are transients of extremely short duration, monitoring of such transients is also a challenging task. This paper presents the inductive sensors that would be suitable for the on-line partial discharge monitoring and the selection of operating mode and characteristics are discussed. The issues of resonance and signal processing are analyzed for the targets of reaching highest accuracy of the measurements. Operation criteria and performance limits such as sensitivity and upper bandwidth are particularly discussed. It is presented that in order to reach highest accuracy and sensitivity the sensor should be used in damped mode. Applying the accurate air-core inductive sensors would allow the condition monitoring systems to be cheaper and thus mounted for permanent and continuous condition monitoring in various locations in the power distribution networks.
Simulation Study of Nonlinear PI-Controller with Quasi-Z-Source Derived Push-Pull Converter
Authors: Chub Andrii , Husev Oleksandr , Vinnikov Dmitri 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper is focused on the control issues of the quasi-Z-source derived push-pull converter with integrated magnetic elements. The proposed converter is intended for applications that require a high gain of the input voltage and galvanic isolation, i.e. power conditioning systems for renewable energy sources, such as variable speed wind turbines with direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators. Magnitude and frequency of the output voltage of such turbines are variable due to intermittent nature of the wind power. Despite number of advantages converter has complicated dynamic behavior. Simulations showed change of stability margin depending on current operation point of the wind turbine and output load. Closed loop control system should provide fast response and stable operation in the wide range of wind speeds. Simulations showed that the conventional PI-controller with saturation cannot satisfy those requirements. Nonlinear PI-controller was derived by adding adjustment block to the conventional PI-controller. Adjustment block is drastically changing proportional and integral gains of the controller according to sign of the output voltage error. Proposed controller is compared with conventional one by means of simulation in PSIM. Simulation results prove that proposed nonlinear control system has improved regulator performance.
ECTOHYDRICITY OF LICHENS AND ROLE OF CORTEX LAYER IN ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS
Authors: Jóźwiak Małgorzata Anna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Heavy metal and dust pollution absorption through lichen thallus occurs on the surface, that is by means of ectohydric sorption . Protective mechanisms, among which there is heterometric (layered) structure of lichens, play a significant role in limiting this process. The aim of this research was to determine the way the pollution penetrates inside lichen thallus and to determine the role of dermal layer in stopping heavy metals on the thallus surface . Lichen thalli exposed to transport pollution near Krakow-Katowice motorway for half a year were analyzed. With the use of Electron Scanning Microscope Quanta 250 and microanalyser EDEX accumulation of pollutions depositing on the outer lichen surface, on the surface of algal cells, in subcortex layer, on the fungal hyphae surface and intercellular spaces of crack bottom of pseudocyphella were determined. The results of the analysis show an important role of pseudocyphella in the process of pollution penetration inside lichen thallus and protective effectiveness of the upper cortex whose tight structure and thickness of chitinous cell walls of mycelium, relatively thicker in comparison to parenchyma layer, influence its dermal properties. Heavy metal accumulation (Al, Fe, Cu) on the thallus surface, on algal cell surface, on the fungal hyphae surface and deep layers of pseudocyphella cracks is presented by the order: crack > alga > fungi > subcortex layer > thallus surface.
SEASONAL VALUES OF THE GASEOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF AIR QUALITY RATINGS IN A RURAL AREA
Authors: Olszowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This study presents the quantities of immission of the selected gas pollutions in the area of a compact development village. Within a range of a one-year research project (2012), the yearly average, seasonal and daily profiles of concentrations of the gas compounds in the air had been determined (SO2, NO2 and BTEX). Measures were executed in the area of a rural development and in the areas adjacent to the administrative village periphery. In the seasonal researches a passive method and a GC analytic technique had been used along with an automatic analyser to determine daily NO2 concentrations. It was found out that an air quality in a rural area is determined by the influence of the local sources (unstructured emission from domestic and farm buildings as well as a communication emission) and a toxicants’ quantity, enriching environment, depends on cyclic weather states, characteristic for a moderate climate. It has been proved that the maximum concentrations of the tested compounds occur in the center of a village development. It has been proved that it was winter emission that influenced the value of a yearly average concentration of pollutions in the air in a most significant manner. Theory concerning parity of a natural and anthropogenic sources affecting the aerosanitary parameters of rural compact settlement area, has been questioned. It has been proposed to introduce an obligatory, temporary indicator monitoring of a compound, which might prove be a nitrogen dioxide
A REVIEW OF MODELS FOR THE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION OF HEAVY GASES. PART II. MODEL QUALITY EVALUATION
Authors: Markiewicz Maria T. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This is the second paper of a two part review. In its first part mathematical models for atmospheric dispersion of heavy gases are classified and the distinguished groups of models are characterised. In this part procedures for the model quality evaluation are described and the main results of model evaluation exercises and databases with experimental data related to the subject are summarised. The quality of a model is clearly of great importance since the decisions concerning the safety of people, environment are based on model calculations. Attention is focused on activities carried out in the European Union countries and in the USA. These include the work of the groups of researchers called MEG, HGDEG, projects known under the names REDIPHEM, SMEDIS, DATABASE and the model evaluation exercise carried out by the Sigma Research Corporation.