bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric analysis of variation in the sternum with sex and age
Authors: Weaver Ashley A. , Schoell Samantha L. , Nguyen Callistus M. , Lynch Sarah K. , Stitzel Joel D. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAge and sex‐related variations in sternum morphology may affect the thoracic injury tolerance. Male and female sternum size and shape variation was characterized for ages 0–100 from landmarks collected from 330 computed tomography scans. Homologous landmarks were analyzed using Procrustes superimposition to produce age and sex‐specific functions of 3D‐sternum morphology representing the combined size and shape variation and the isolated shape variation. Significant changes in the combined size and shape variation and isolated shape variation of the sternum were found to occur with age in both sexes. Sternal size increased from birth through age 30 and retained a similar size for ages 30–100. The manubrium expanded laterally from birth through age 30, becoming wider in relation to the sternal body. In infancy, the manubrium was 1.1–1.2 times the width of the sternal body and this width ratio increased to 1.6–1.8 for adults. The manubrium transformed from a circular shape in infancy to an oval shape in early childhood. The distal sternal body became wider in relation to the proximal sternal body from birth through age 30 and retained this characteristic throughout adulthood. The most dramatic changes in sternum morphology occur in childhood and young adulthood when the sternum is undergoing ossification. The lesser degree of ossification in the pediatric sternum may be partly responsible for the prevalence of thoracic organ injuries as opposed to thoracic skeletal injuries in pediatrics. Sternum fractures make up a larger portion of thoracic injury patterns in adults with fully ossified sternums. The lack of substantial size or shape changes in the sternum from age 30–100 suggests that the increased incidence of sternal fracture seen in the elderly may be due to cortical thickness or bone mineral density changes in the sternum as opposed to morphological changes. J. Morphol. 275:1284–1299, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feasibility of rapid discharge after transoral robotic surgery of the oropharynx
Authors: Richmon Jeremy D. , Feng Allen L. , Yang Wuyang , Starmer Heather , Quon Harry , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the use of an algorithm for rapid discharge after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and its effect on postoperative complications.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective analysis of TORS cases from September 2009 to February 2013 was conducted. The effect of patient and tumor characteristics on postoperative length of stay (LOS) and complications were analyzed.ResultsA total of 91 patients were included; 79 underwent TORS for malignancy and 12 for a benign process. The mean LOS was 1.51 days (range, 1–5 days) with a median of 1 day. The mean time to initiation of oral diet was 1.26 days (range, 1–7 days) with a median of 1 day. Eleven (12%) patients experienced one or more complications during their postoperative course. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between patient and procedure variables and postoperative complications. TORS base of tongue reduction for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with a significantly greater mean incremental time to initiation of oral diet (1.0 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 1.7, P < .001). A significantly greater mean incremental LOS was observed for patients with advanced comorbidity and a delay in initiation of oral diet beyond 24 hours.ConclusionsRapid initiation of oral diet and rapid discharge home is feasible and not associated with postoperative complications. Similarly, the performance of a concurrent neck dissection does not contribute to LOS or the development of postoperative complications. Patients undergoing TORS for OSA are at greater risk of delay in initiation of oral diet and increased LOS.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:2518–2525, 2014
Optimizing atoh1‐induced vestibular hair cell regeneration
Authors: Staecker Hinrich , Schlecker Christina , Kraft Shannon , Praetorius Mark , Hsu Chi , Brough Douglas E. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the optimal design characteristics of an adenoviral (Ad) vector to deliver atoh1 and induce regeneration of vestibular hair cells.Study DesignEvaluation of a mouse model of intralabyrinthine gene delivery. Tissue culture of mouse and human macular organs.MethodsMacular organs from adult C57Bl/6 mice were treated with binding modified and alternate adenovectors expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) or luciferase (L). Expression of marker genes was determined over time to determine vector transfection efficiency. The inner ear of adult mice was then injected with modified vectors. Expression of gfp and distribution of vector DNA was followed. Hearing and balance function was evaluated in normal animals to ensure safety of the novel vector designs. An optimized vector was identified and tested for its ability to induce hair cell regeneration in a mouse vestibulopathy model. Finally, this vector was tested for its ability to induce hair cell regeneration in human tissue.ResultsAd5 serotype‐based vectors were identified as having a variety of different binding capacities for inner ear tissue. This makes it difficult to limit the dose of vector due to entry into nontargeted cells. Screening of rare adenovector serotypes demonstrated that Ad‐based vectors were ideally suited for delivery to supporting cells; therefore, they were useful for hair cell regeneration studies. Utilization of an Ad28‐based vector to deliver atoh1 to a mouse model of vestibular loss resulted in significant functional recovery of balance. This vector was also capable of transfecting human macular organs and inducing regeneration of human vestibular hair cells in vitro.ConclusionsImprovement in vector design can lead to more specific cell‐based delivery and reduction of nonspecific delivery of the trans gene, leading to the development of optimized molecular therapeutics to induce hair cell regeneration.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope 124:S1–S12, 2014
Embryonic stem cells improve skeletal muscle recovery after extreme atrophy in mice
Authors: Artioli Guilherme Giannini , De Oliveira Silvestre João Guilherme , Guilherme João Paulo Limongi França , Baptista Igor Luchini , Ramos Gracielle Vieira , Da Silva Willian José , Miyabara Elen Haruka , Moriscot Anselmo Sigari 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe injected embryonic stem cells into mouse tibialis anterior muscles subjected to botulinum toxin injections as a model for reversible neurogenic atrophy.MethodsMuscles were exposed to botulinum toxin for 4 weeks and allowed to recover for up to 6 weeks. At the onset of recovery, a single muscle injection of embryonic stem cells was administered. The myofiber cross‐sectional area, single twitch force, peak tetanic force, time‐to‐peak force, and half‐relaxation time were determined.ResultsAlthough the stem cell injection did not affect the myofiber cross‐sectional area gain in recovering muscles, most functional parameters improved significantly compared with those of recovering muscles that did not receive the stem cell injection.ConclusionsMuscle function recovery was accelerated by embryonic stem cell delivery in this durable neurogenic atrophy model. We conclude that stem cells should be considered a potential therapeutic tool for recovery after extreme skeletal muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve 51: 346–352, 2015
Incidence of delirium in children with cancer
Authors: Combs Daniel , Rice Sydney A. , Kopp Lisa M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere are limited data on the incidence of delirium in children with cancer. We performed a retrospective chart review of all pediatric oncology admissions over a 1 year period to determine the incidence of delirium in this population. We identified seven patients with delirium (10% incidence). Delirium is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and is likely under‐recognized in this population. Improved diagnosis and treatment of delirium may improve outcomes in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2094–2095. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frequency of V1016I and F1534C mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene in Aedes aegypti in Venezuela
Authors: Alvarez Leslie C , Ponce Gustavo , Saavedra‐Rodriguez Karla , Lopez Beatriz , Flores Adriana E 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe V1016I and F1534C mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene have been associated with resistance to pyrethroids and DDT in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. A study was carried out to determine the frequency of I1016 and C1534 by real‐time PCR in five natural populations of Ae. aegypti in Venezuela during 2008, 2010 and 2012, as well as in a strain selected with 0.14 µg of deltamethrin for 15 generations.RESULTSIn natural populations, frequencies of I1016 varied between 0.01 and 0.37, and frequencies of C1534 between 0.35 and 1.0. In the Pampanito strain, the frequency of I1016 increased from 0.02 in F1 up to 0.5 in F15 and from 0.35 up to fixation for C1534 after selection with deltamethrin.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that C1534 frequencies are higher than I1016 frequencies in natural populations of Ae. aegypti in Venezuela, and that deltamethrin selected the C1534 more rapidly than I1016. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
What Motivates Residential Mobility? Re‐examining Self‐Reported Reasons for Desiring and Making Residential Moves
Authors: Coulter Rory , Scott Jacqueline 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnderstanding why people move home is an important objective for population research. While studies are increasingly examining residential mobility motivations using the reasons reported in social surveys, data constraints and the conceptual legacy of behavioural theories mean that little is known about how people's reasons for desiring and making residential moves vary over the life course. In this paper, we address these issues using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey. The results show that the reasons people report for desiring to move vary considerably over the life course. People are more likely to relocate if they desire to move for ‘targeted’ reasons like employment opportunities than if they desire to move for more ‘diffuse’ reasons relating to area characteristics. Life course events and moving desires intersect to strongly condition moving behaviour. These insights demonstrate how a deep engagement with life course theories can help researchers to overcome the difficulties encountered when using behavioural models to understand moving decisions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Punching shear tests on symmetrically reduced slab quarters
Authors: Winkler Karsten , Mark Peter , Heek Peter , Rohländer Sandra , Sommer Simone 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExperiments on large‐scale reinforced concrete members such as beams or slabs with large effective depths are challenging and – not least due to the extensive material and financial input – rarely performed. However, results from such experiments are desperately needed, as critical size effects affect shear and punching shear failure types. At the Institute of Concrete Structures at Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (RUB), an innovative test setup was devised following the principle of “upsizing by downsizing”. It transfers symmetry reductions – a standard feature in numerical simulations – to experiments. Thus, test loads and dead loads decrease markedly in proportion to the degree of symmetry, giving rise to larger specimens within given testing facilities. The setup enables tests on symmetrically sectioned concrete members – halved beams or quarters of slabs – concurrently implying the load‐deformation behaviours of corresponding, i.e. full‐size members, by simply factoring the loads with twice the axial symmetry degree.This paper presents the single steps in the development to test quartered slabs, including the modular support constructions with sliding planes and anchoring of the bending reinforcement as well as the concrete specimen itself, with interconnections to the symmetry planes, measuring techniques and its specific assembly. Results from a first prototype testing prove the general applicability for failure modes, crack patterns and kinematics. However, ultimate punching loads are still slightly overestimated.
Monitoring Daily Function in Persons With Transfemoral Amputations Using a Commercial Activity Monitor: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Albert Mark V. , Deeny Sean , McCarthy Cliodhna , Valentin Juliana , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo assess in a feasibility study the mobility of persons with transfemoral amputations using data collected from a popular, consumer‐oriented activity monitor (Fitbit).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingResearch hospital outpatient evaluation.ParticipantsNine subjects with transfemoral amputations (4 women and 5 men, ages 21‐64 years) and Medicare functional assessments (K level) of K3 (n = 7), K2 (n = 1), and K4 (n = 1).MethodsOne‐week monitoring of physical activity using the Fitbit One activity monitor.Main Outcome MeasuresDaily estimates of step counts, distance walked, floors/stairs climbed, calories burned, and proprietary Fitbit activity scores. For each day, the amount of time in each of the following levels of activity was also reported: sedentary, lightly active, fairly active, and highly active.ResultsThe percentage of movement time above the fairly active level had a predictable relationship to the designated K level. The average activity measures show decreased levels of activity for obese subjects (body mass index >30). Estimated step counts were highly predictive/redundant with estimated miles walked without setting individual stride lengths. Using linear regression prediction models, calorie estimates were found to be highly dependent on subject age, height, and weight, whereas the proprietary activity score was independent of all 3 demographic factors.ConclusionsThis feasibility study demonstrates that the Fitbit activity monitor estimates the activity of subjects with transfemoral amputations, producing results that correlate with their K‐level functional activity classifications. The Fitbit activity score is independent of individual variations in age, weight, and height compared with estimated calories for this small sample size. These tools may provide useful insights into prosthetic use in an at‐home environment.
Turbulent plane Couette flow at moderately high Reynolds number
Authors: Avsarkisov V. , Hoyas S. , Oberlack M. , García-Galache J. P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new set of numerical simulations of turbulent plane Couette flow in a large box of dimension ($\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}20\pi h,\, 2h,\, 6\pi h$) at Reynolds number $(\mathit{Re}_{\tau }) =125$, 180, 250 and 550 is described and compared with simulations at lower Reynolds numbers, Poiseuille flows and experiments. The simulations present a logarithmic near-wall layer and are used to verify and revise previously known results. It is confirmed that the fluctuation intensities in the streamwise and spanwise directions do not scale well in wall units. The scaling failure occurs both near to and away from the wall. On the contrary, the wall-normal intensity scales in inner units in the near-wall region and in outer units in the core region. The spectral ridge found by Hoyas & Jiménez (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2003, 011702) for the turbulent Poiseuille flow can also be seen in the present flow. Away from the wall, very large-scale motions are found spanning through all the length of the channel. The statistics of these simulations can be downloaded from the webpage of the Chair of Fluid Dynamics.
The Ghost in the House: Women, Race, and Domesticity in South Africa
Authors: Baderoon Gabeba 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn South Africa, the house is a haunted place. Apartheid’s separate publics also required separate private lives and separate leisures in which to practice ways of living apartheid’s ideological partitions into reality. This essay analyzes the compulsive interest in black domesticity that has characterized South Africa since the colonial period and shows that domestic labor in white homes has historically shaped the entry of black women into public space in South Africa. In fact, so strong is the latter association that theDictionary of South African English on Historical Principlesreveals that in South African English the wordmaiddenotes both “black woman” and “servant.” This conflation has generated fraught relations of domesticity, race, and subjectivity in South Africa. Contemporary art about domestic labor by Zanele Muholi and Mary Sibande engages with this history. In their art, the house is a place of silences, ghosts, and secrets. Precursors to these recent works can be found in fiction, including Sindiwe Magona’s short stories about domestic workers in her collectionLiving, Loving and Lying Awake at Night(1994) and Zoë Wicomb’s novelPlaying in the Light(2006), in which a woman passing for white allows her mother into her house only under the pretense that she is a family servant. Muholi and Sibande have engaged the legacy of black women in white households by revisiting the ghosts of the house through performance, sculpture, and photography. Both were inspired by the intimate reality of their mothers’ experiences as domestic servants, and in both cases the artist’s body is central to the pieces, through installations based on body casts, performance, embodied memories, and the themes of haunted absences, abandonment, and longing.
Isotopic tracing of sediment components assimilated by epibiontic juveniles ofHolothuria scabra(Holothuroidea)
Authors: Plotieau T. , Lepoint G. , Lavitra T. , Eeckhaut I. 
Published: June 2014

DespiteHolothuria scabra's wide distribution and status as one of the best candidates for sustaining the development of tropical sea cucumber aquaculture, very few data are available regarding the organic fraction it assimilates in practice. In this paper we report experimental results whereH. scabra's diet was supplemented with various15N-labelled organic fractions of sediment. We used juveniles weighing between 38 and 88 mg at the beginning of the experiment (~2 cm long and 30 days old). Their growth was measured over a four-week period and their15N composition recorded. The results showed thatH. scabrajuveniles assimilated all added organic components from both dissolved and particulate fractions of the sediment. Bacteria seem to be an important food source for juveniles, even more so than microphytobenthos (diatoms).
The Medicalization of Love
Authors: EARP BRIAN D. , SANDBERG ANDERS , SAVULESCU JULIAN 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:Pharmaceuticals or other emerging technologies could be used to enhance (or diminish) feelings of lust, attraction, and attachment in adult romantic partnerships. Although such interventions could conceivably be used to promote individual (and couple) well-being, their widespread development and/or adoption might lead to the ‘medicalization’ of human love and heartache—for some, a source of a serious concern. In this essay, we argue that the medicalization of love need not necessarily be problematic, on balance, but could plausibly be expected to have either good or bad consequences depending upon how it unfolds. By anticipating some of the specific ways in which these technologies could yield unwanted outcomes, bioethicists and others can help to direct the course of love’s medicalization—should it happen to occur—more toward the ‘good’ side than the ‘bad.’
On the strategic use of border tax adjustments as a second-best climate policy measure
Authors: Mason Charles F. , Barbier Edward B. , Umanskaya Victoria I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe investigate the interaction between a developed country that imports a carbon-intensive product, such as electricity, and a transitioning economy that exports the product. Production of the good generates a transboundary externality related to climate change; if this externality is priced improperly, the application of a feed-in tariff or border tax adjustment can provide an indirect policy instrument. We analyze the application of such a measure in a stark model where the importing country cares about climate-related damages while the exporting country does not; this can be viewed as reflecting a scenario where the (developed) importing country is more concerned about climate change than is the (transitioning) exporting economy. Because climate change will occur over a long time frame, the problem is dynamic. In this modeling context, we describe the manner in which the (second-best) tariff-cum-border tax adjustment relates to the carbon stock.
Field validation of food outlet databases: the Latino food environment in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Albrecht Sandra S 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveObtaining valid, reliable measures of food environments that serve Latino communities is important for understanding barriers to healthy eating in this at-risk population.DesignThe primary aim of the study was to examine agreement between retail food outlet data from two commercial databases, Nielsen TDLinx (TDLinx) for food stores and Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) for food stores and restaurants, relative to field observations of food stores and restaurants in thirty-one census tracts in Durham County, NC, USA. We also examined differences by proportion of Hispanic population (</≥23·4 % Hispanic population) in the census tract and for outlets classified in the field as ‘Latino’ on the basis of signage and use of Spanish language.SettingOne hundred and seventy-four food stores and 337 restaurants in Durham County, NC, USA.ResultsWe found that overall sensitivity of food store listings in TDLinx was higher (64 %) than listings in D&B (55 %). Twenty-five food stores were characterized by auditors as Latino food stores, with 20 % identified in TDLinx, 52 % in D&B and 56 % in both sources. Overall sensitivity of restaurants (68 %) was higher than sensitivity of Latino restaurants (38 %) listed in D&B. Sensitivity did not differ substantially by Hispanic composition of neighbourhoods.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that while TDLinx and D&B commercial data sources perform well for total food stores, they perform less well in identifying small and independent food outlets, including many Latino food stores and restaurants.
“MyBusiness is to Sing”: Emily Dickinson's Musical Borrowings
Authors: BOZIWICK GEORGE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe daily musical activities of poet Emily Dickinson (1830–86)—home performances at the piano, collecting sheet music, and attending concerts—provided a vital and necessary backdrop for her emerging artistic persona. Dickinson's active musical life reveals a great deal about the cultural offerings available to a woman of her time, place, and class. Moreover, her encounters with the music-making of the Dickinson family servants and the New England hymn tradition encouraged artistic borrowings and boundary crossings that had a deep and continuing influence on her writing. Through her engagement with music, Dickinson was able to fashion an identity served by musical longings, one that would ultimately serve a vital role in the formation of her unique poetic voice.