bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Insights into Aqueous NaCl Electrolytes Confined within Vertically-oriented Graphenes
Authors: Bo Zheng , Yang Huachao , Zhang Shuo , Yang Jinyuan , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVertically-oriented graphenes (VGs) are promising active materials for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) due to their unique morphological and structural features. This study, for the first time, reports the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on aqueous NaCl electrolytes confined within VG channels with different surface charge densities and channel widths. Simulation results show that the accessibility of ions and the structure of EDLCs are determined by the ion type/size, surface charging and VG channel width. For relatively narrow VG channels with the same width, the threshold charge density (to compensate the energy penalty for shedding hydration shell) and the dehydration rate of Cl− ions are larger than those of Na+ ions. To achieve the highest ion concentration coefficient, the effective VG channel width should be between the crystal and hydration diameters of the ions. The results are further quantified and elucidated by calculating the electrolyte density profiles. The molecular insights obtained in the current work are useful in guiding the design and fabrication of VGs for advancing their EDLC applications.
Seroepidemiology of mumps in the general population of Jiangsu province, China after introduction of a one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine
Authors: Liu Yuanbao , Hu Ying , Deng Xiuying , Wang Zhiguo , Lu Peishan , Ma Fubao , Zhou Minghao , Liu Pei , Min Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe mumps surveillance data from 2004 to 2011 showed that the incidence of mumps remained high after the one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was introduced in China in 2008. A cross-sectional survey of mumps IgG in the general population of Jiangsu province was conducted in 2012 to gain comprehensive information on the immunity profile of the general population. The mean incidence was 15.2 per 100 000 individuals in Jiangsu province from 2004–2013. Two mumps incidence peaks were observed each year after introduction of the one-dose MMR vaccine. The seroprevalence did not significantly differ by region or sex, while the GMC significantly differed by region and sex. The overall GMC in Jiangsu province was 99.1 IU/ml (95% CI: 90.1–108.2), while the seroprevalence was only 59.1% (95% CI: 56.5–61.6). The seroprevalences for the 2 age groups that received the one-dose MMR vaccine, with reported coverage exceeding 95%, were 42.6% and 70.0%, respectively. The data on the incidence, MMR coverage and seroprevalence in children younger than 6 years of age indicate that a two-dose MMR strategy should be considered. Mumps surveillance should be strengthened in children aged 6–11 and in those aged 12–17 because of their high contact rates and relatively low seroprevalences.
Bootstrap percolation on spatial networks
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhou Tao , Hu Yanqing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBootstrap percolation is a general representation of some networked activation process, which has found applications in explaining many important social phenomena, such as the propagation of information. Inspired by some recent findings on spatial structure of online social networks, here we study bootstrap percolation on undirected spatial networks, with the probability density function of long-range links’ lengths being a power law with tunable exponent. Setting the size of the giant active component as the order parameter, we find a parameter-dependent critical value for the power-law exponent, above which there is a double phase transition, mixed of a second-order phase transition and a hybrid phase transition with two varying critical points, otherwise there is only a second-order phase transition. We further find a parameter-independent critical value around −1, about which the two critical points for the double phase transition are almost constant. To our surprise, this critical value −1 is just equal or very close to the values of many real online social networks, including LiveJournal, HP Labs email network, Belgian mobile phone network, etc. This work helps us in better understanding the self-organization of spatial structure of online social networks, in terms of the effective function for information spreading.
Large spin Hall magnetoresistance and its correlation to the spin-orbit torque in W/CoFeB/MgO structures
Authors: Cho Soonha , Baek Seung-heon Chris , Lee Kyeong-Dong , Jo Younghun , Park Byong-Guk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe phenomena based on spin-orbit interaction in heavy metal/ferromagnet/oxide structures have been investigated extensively due to their applicability to the manipulation of the magnetization direction via the in-plane current. This implies the existence of an inverse effect, in which the conductivity in such structures should depend on the magnetization orientation. In this work, we report a systematic study of the magnetoresistance (MR) of W/CoFeB/MgO structures and its correlation with the current-induced torque to the magnetization. We observe that the MR is independent of the angle between the magnetization and current direction but is determined by the relative magnetization orientation with respect to the spin direction accumulated by the spin Hall effect, for which the symmetry is identical to that of so-called the spin Hall magnetoresistance. The MR of ~1% in W/CoFeB/MgO samples is considerably larger than those in other structures of Ta/CoFeB/MgO or Pt/Co/AlOx, which indicates a larger spin Hall angle of W. Moreover, the similar W thickness dependence of the MR and the current-induced magnetization switching efficiency demonstrates that MR in a non-magnet/ferromagnet structure can be utilized to understand other closely correlated spin-orbit coupling effects such as the inverse spin Hall effect or the spin-orbit spin transfer torques.
Mass spectrometric identification and toxicity assessment of degraded products of aflatoxin B1 and B2 by Corymbia citriodora aqueous extracts
Authors: Iram Wajiha , Anjum Tehmina , Iqbal Mazhar , Ghaffar Abdul , Abbas Mateen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study explores the detoxification potential of Corymbia citriodora plant extracts against aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1; 100 μg L−1 and AFB2; 50 μg L−1) in In vitro and In vivo assays. Detoxification was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by TLC and HPLC, respectively. The study was carried out by using different parameters of optimal temperature, pH and incubation time period. Results indicated that C. citriodora leaf extract(s) more effectively degrade AFB1 and AFB2 i.e. 95.21% and 92.95% respectively than C. citriodora branch extract, under optimized conditions. The structural elucidation of degraded toxin products was done by LCMS/MS analysis. Ten degraded products of AFB1 and AFB2 and their fragmentation pathways were proposed based on molecular formulas and MS/MS spectra. Toxicity of these degraded products was significantly reduced as compared to that of parent compounds because of the removal of double bond in the terminal furan ring. The biological toxicity of degraded toxin was further analyzed by brine shrimps bioassay, which showed that only 17.5% mortality in larvae was recorded as compared to untreated toxin where 92.5% mortality was observed after 96hr of incubation. Therefore, our finding suggests that C. citriodora leaf extract can be used as an effective tool for the detoxification of aflatoxins.
Natural occurrence of pure nano-polycrystalline diamond from impact crater
Authors: Ohfuji Hiroaki , Irifune Tetsuo , Litasov Konstantin D. , Yamashita Tomoharu , Isobe Futoshi , Afanasiev Valentin P. , Pokhilenko Nikolai P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConsolidated bodies of polycrystalline diamond with grain sizes less than 100 nm, nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), has been experimentally produced by direct conversion of graphite at high pressure and high temperature. NPD has superior hardness, toughness and wear resistance to single-crystalline diamonds because of its peculiar nano-textures and has been successfully used for industrial and scientific applications. Such sintered nanodiamonds have, however, not been found in natural mantle diamonds. Here we identified natural pure NPD, which was produced by a large meteoritic impact about 35 Ma ago in Russia. The impact diamonds consist of well-sintered equigranular nanocrystals (5–50 nm), similar to synthetic NPD, but with distinct [111] preferred orientation. They formed through the martensitic transformation from single-crystal graphite. Stress-induced local fragmentation of the source graphite and subsequent rapid transformation to diamond in the limited time scale result in multiple diamond nucleation and suppression of the overall grain growth, producing the unique nanocrystalline texture of natural NPD. A huge amount of natural NPD is expected to be present in the Popigai crater, which is potentially important for applications as novel ultra-hard material.
Elevated free fatty acid uptake via CD36 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nath Aritro , Li Irene , Roberts Lewis R. , Chan Christina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the factors influencing HCC progression are poorly understood. Here we reveal that HCC progression via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with the expression of CD36/fatty acid translocase and elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Although obesity is manifested as elevated FFA levels, the degree of EMT was not associated with the body mass index of the patients, highlighting the specific roles of CD36 and FFA uptake. Treatment of human liver cancer cell lines with FFAs exacerbated the EMT phenotype, whereas chemical inhibition of CD36 mitigated these effects. Furthermore, the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways were activated upon FFA treatment, potentially acting as upstream activators of the EMT program. These results provide the first direct evidence associating CD36 and elevated FFAs with HCC progression.
Dissociation between exercise-induced reduction in liver fat and changes in hepatic and peripheral glucose homoeostasis in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Sprung Victoria S. , Jones Helen , Pugh Christopher J.A. , Richardson Paul , Kemp Graham J. , Barrett Mark , Jackson Nicola C. , Thomas E. Louise , Bell Jimmy D. , Umpleby A. Margot 
Published: October 2015

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with multi-organ (hepatic, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue) insulin resistance (IR). Exercise is an effective treatment for lowering liver fat but its effect on IR in NAFLD is unknown. We aimed to determine whether supervised exercise in NAFLD would reduce liver fat and improve hepatic and peripheral (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) insulin sensitivity. Sixty nine NAFLD patients were randomized to 16 weeks exercise supervision (n=38) or counselling (n=31) without dietary modification. All participants underwent MRI/spectroscopy to assess changes in body fat and in liver and skeletal muscle triglyceride, before and following exercise/counselling. To quantify changes in hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, a pre-determined subset (n=12 per group) underwent a two-stage hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp pre- and post-intervention. Results are shown as mean [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Fifty participants (30 exercise, 20 counselling), 51 years (IQR 40, 56), body mass index (BMI) 31 kg/m2 (IQR 29, 35) with baseline liver fat/water % of 18.8% (IQR 10.7, 34.6) completed the study (12/12 exercise and 7/12 counselling completed the clamp studies). Supervised exercise mediated a greater reduction in liver fat/water percentage than counselling [Δ mean change 4.7% (0.01, 9.4); P&lt;0.05], which correlated with the change in cardiorespiratory fitness (r=–0.34, P=0.0173). With exercise, peripheral insulin sensitivity significantly increased (following high-dose insulin) despite no significant change in hepatic glucose production (HGP; following low-dose insulin); no changes were observed in the control group. Although supervised exercise effectively reduced liver fat, improving peripheral IR in NAFLD, the reduction in liver fat was insufficient to improve hepatic IR.
Service Learning in Undergraduate Audiology Education
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Richards K. Andrew R. , Bajek Mary 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to incorporate a service learning project in an undergraduate audiology course and evaluate how it affected student learning in the class.

Method
The study involved partnering with a group of students enrolled in a band learning community. Students in the audiology course learned about hearing assessment procedures in class and practiced the procedures on each other in labs. Toward the end of the semester, they assessed the hearing of the band students and provided counseling regarding the importance of hearing protection. Qualitative data were obtained in the form of preflections and final reflection papers completed by the students in the audiology course at the start and conclusion of the semester. Quantitative data included completion of the Community Service Attitudes Scale (CSAS; Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000) prior to and at the conclusion of the course.

Results
Results revealed overwhelmingly positive comments from the students in their final reflections, although there were no significant changes in the pre- and post-administration of the CSAS.

Conclusion
Incorporating service learning projects into undergraduate curricula in speech and hearing has the potential to enhance academic and civic learning while also benefitting the community.
Referential Ambiguity in the Narrative Productions of African American Adults
Authors: Wainwright Angela Bradford , Cannito Michael P. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the production of referential ambiguities in two contrasting narrative conditions among age-defined groups of healthy African American women.

Method

Twenty middle-aged adults (
M
= 51 years) and 20 older adults (
M
= 72 years) produced a complex story retelling and a personal narrative. All narratives were transcribed orthographically, parsed into T-units, and analyzed for surface structure markings of referents and the presence of ambiguities.

Results
The results demonstrated that older adults produced more ambiguities than middle-aged adults, were more compromised with task complexity, used more role or relation designations to refer to story characters while underusing proper names, and exhibited significant lexical retrieval deficits during ongoing narrative production. Middle-aged adults produced more proper names, but were also challenged by the complexity of the story-retelling task. Moreover, the results showed that older adults produced more African American English variants than middle-aged adults.

Conclusion
This investigation revealed a pattern of age-related ambiguities during narrative production. The results demonstrated that lexical retrieval from long-term semantic memory was an important predictor of ambiguity, whereas African American English contributed negligibly. These results show that referential ambiguities may be a robust characteristic of cognitive–linguistic changes that occur with typical aging.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170255
Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping of Coarse Coding and Suppression Deficits in Patients With Right Hemisphere Damage
Authors: Yang Ying , Tompkins Connie A. , Meigh Kimberly M. , Prat Chantel S. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
This study examined right hemisphere (RH) neuroanatomical correlates of lexical–semantic deficits that predict narrative comprehension in adults with RH brain damage. Coarse semantic coding and suppression deficits were related to lesions by voxel-based lesion symptom mapping.

Method

Participants were 20 adults with RH cerebrovascular accidents. Measures of coarse coding and suppression deficits were computed from lexical decision reaction times at short (175 ms) and long (1000 ms) prime-target intervals. Lesions were drawn on magnetic resonance imaging images and through normalization were registered on an age-matched brain template. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis was applied to build a general linear model at each voxel.
Z
score maps were generated for each deficit, and results were interpreted using automated anatomical labeling procedures.

Results
A deficit in coarse semantic activation was associated with lesions to the RH posterior middle temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and lenticular nuclei. A maintenance deficit for coarsely coded representations involved the RH temporal pole and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex more medially. Ineffective suppression implicated lesions to the RH inferior frontal gyrus and subcortical regions, as hypothesized, along with the rostral temporal pole.

Conclusion
Beyond their scientific implications, these lesion–deficit correspondences may help inform the clinical diagnosis and enhance decisions about candidacy for deficit-focused treatment to improve narrative comprehension in individuals with RH damage.
Reconfigurable wideband metamaterial absorber with wide angle and polarisation stability
Authors: Zhai Huiqing , Zhan Chuanhan , Liu Lu , Zang Yiping 
Published: October 2015

A reconfigurable wideband metamaterial absorber based on lumped components is proposed. The wideband can be tuned with a −10 dB bandwidth of about 1.5 GHz by selecting certain values of the resistors and the inductors. The simulated results demonstrate that the designed absorber has good performance regarding polarisation insensitiveness and wide angles of incident waves for both TE and TM polarisations. The waveguide measurement method is used to verify the simulated result of the wideband metamaterial absorber.
Design of miniaturised UWB antenna for oil pipeline imaging
Authors: Kumar T. , Gautam A.K. , Kanaujia B.K. , Rambabu K. 
Published: October 2015

A novel design of miniaturised ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna for oil pipeline imaging is presented. The proposed prototype uses a simple eye‐shaped slot radiator and two ground planes at the same side of the dielectric substrate. The proposed antenna design exhibits an enhanced bandwidth of 20.3 GHz from 3.2 to 23.5 GHz (for return loss <10 dB) which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 152% with ultra‐compact area of 14 mm × 12 mm. The simulated and measured results confirm the benefits of the proposed design and reduction in the antenna size with enhanced UWB performance.
Electromagnetic human motion generator with magnetic spring and ferrofluid
Authors: Wang Siqi , Li Decai 
Published: October 2015

An inertial electromagnetic generator realised with magnetic spring and ferrofluid to scavenge energy from low‐frequency human motion is presented. The magnetic spring is formed by magnetic attraction force between the fixed and the moving permanent magnet (PM). The kerosene‐based ferrofluid is used on the moving PM and suspends the moving PM due to the fluid‐magnetic pressure to reduce the mechanical friction as a fluid lubricant. The resonance frequency of the generator 3.5 Hz is experimentally validated with the sinusoidal excitation. The generator can generate an open‐circuit voltage of ∼10 V and 0.26 mW average power at a load resistance of 465 Ω on resonance condition with the acceleration of 0.55778 m/s2, and the corresponding power density of the generator is 40.35 μW/cm2. The generator can be fastened to the belt on the backside of waist to harvest human vibration for walking and low running, and the power lever of the generator can reach 1.4–3.4 mW, which is a considerable power for low‐power electronic devices.
How much averaging is necessary to cancel out cross-terms in noise correlation studies?
Authors: Medeiros Walter E. , Schimmel Martin , do Nascimento Aderson F. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We present an analytical approach to jointly estimate the correlation window length and number of correlograms to stack in ambient noise correlation studies to statistically ensure that noise cross-terms cancel out to within a chosen threshold. These estimates provide the minimum amount of data necessary to extract coherent signals in ambient noise studies using noise sequences filtered in a given frequency bandwidth. The inputs for the estimation process are (1) the variance of the cross-correlation energy density calculated over an elementary time length equal to the largest period present in the filtered data and (2) the threshold below which the noise cross-terms will be in the final stacked correlograms. The presented theory explains how to adjust the required correlation window length and number of stacks when changing from one frequency bandwidth to another. In addition, this theory provides a simple way to monitor stationarity in the noise. The validity of the deduced expressions have been confirmed with numerical cross-correlation tests using both synthetic and field data.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Newly Diagnosed at Autopsy in New York City, 2008–2012
Authors: Ramaswamy Chitra , Ellman Tanya M. , Myers Julie , Madsen Ann , Sepkowitz Kent , Shepard Colin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background.  Studying the most extreme example of late diagnosis, new HIV diagnoses after death, may be instructive to HIV testing efforts. Using the results of routine HIV testing of autopsies performed by the Office of Chief Medical Examiner (OCME), we identified new HIV diagnoses after death in New York City (NYC) from 2008 to 2012.
Methods.  Population-based registries for HIV and deaths were linked to identify decedents not known to be HIV-infected before death. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to determine correlates of a new HIV diagnosis after death among all persons newly diagnosed with HIV and among all HIV-infected decedents receiving an OCME autopsy.
Results.  Of 264 893 deaths, 24 426 (9.2%) were autopsied by the NYC OCME. Of these, 1623 (6.6%) were infected with HIV, including 142 (8.8%) with a new HIV diagnosis at autopsy. This represents 0.8% (142 of 18 542) of all new HIV diagnoses during the 5-year period. Decedents newly diagnosed with HIV at OCME autopsy were predominantly male (73.9%), aged 13–64 years (85.9%), non-white (85.2%), unmarried (81.7%), less than college educated (83.8%), and residents of an impoverished neighborhood (62.0%). Of all HIV-infected OCME decedents aged ≥65 years (n = 71), 22.0% were diagnosed at autopsy. The strongest independent correlate of new HIV diagnosis at autopsy in both multivariable models was age ≥65 years.
Conclusions.  Human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses first made after death are rare, but, when observed, these diagnoses are more commonly found among persons ≥65 years, suggesting that despite highly visible efforts to promote HIV testing community-wide, timely diagnosis among older adults living in impoverished, high-prevalence neighborhoods may require additional strategies.