bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Prevalence of Reduced Chlorhexidine Susceptibility in Organisms Causing Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Suwantarat Nuntra , Carroll Karen C. , Tekle Tsigereda , Ross Tracy , Maragakis Lisa L. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Milstone Aaron M. 
Published: July 2014

In units that bathe patients daily with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), organisms causing central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) were more likely to have reduced CHG susceptibility than organisms causing CLABSIs in units that do not bathe patients daily with CHG (86% vs 64%; P = .028). Surveillance is needed to detect reduced CHG susceptibility with widespread CHG use.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1183-1186
Embracing Diversity: An Introduction to Contributions That Were Offered at
the From Theatre to Screen Conference
Authors: Parsons Elinor 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article introduces five essays contained in the journal that were written in response to the ‘From Theatre to Screen—and Back Again!’ conference held in February 2014 at De Montfort University, Leicester. The essays are situated in the context of the wider interests raised by the conference. By considering the content and approach taken by each contributor, the connections and points of difference between the essays are revealed. Three papers focus upon screen versions of stage productions and the case studies chosen are located across the United Kingdom, America and Australia. The other two papers grant proportionally greater space to adaptations on stage in American and European contexts.
Work productivity and neuropsychological function in persons with skull base tumors
Authors: Nugent Bethany D. , Weimer Jason , Choi Chienwen J. , Bradley Cathy J. , Bender Catherine M. , Ryan Christopher M. , Gardner Paul , Sherwood Paula R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Skull base tumors comprise many common benign brain tumors. Treatment has advanced, allowing many survivors to return to work. However, literature is limited about the neuropsychological status of these patients prior to treatment. Literature pertaining to the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and occupational ability prior to surgical intervention is even more limited. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the impact of neuropsychological function on work productivity in persons with skull base tumors prior to resection.

Methods
Neuropsychological function and work productivity were assessed in adults newly diagnosed with skull base tumors (n = 45) prior to surgical intervention. Univariate analyses identified potential predictors of work limitations; variables with P < .10 were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses controlled for age, sex, tumor type, and education.

Results
Poorer mental attention and flexibility (MF) and higher depressive symptoms (DS) were significantly associated with poor time management at work (MF: β = -0.59, P = .01; DS: β = 3.42, P < .01; R2 = 0.54). Difficulty meeting physical work demands was significantly associated with poorer visuospatial ability (VA) and higher depressive symptoms (VA: β = −3.30, P = .05; DS: β = 2.29, P < .01; R2 = 0.29). Lower learning and memory scores (LM) and higher depressive symptoms were significantly associated with difficulty meeting mental-interpersonal work demands (LM: β = −3.39, P = .04; DS: β = 3.25, P < .01; R2 = 0.47) and overall health-related loss of work productivity (LM: β = −0.72, P = .05; DS: β = 0.659, P < .001; R2 = 0.43).

Conclusion
Domains of neuropsychological function that predicted work productivity were identified. Future research should examine neuropsychological function, depressive symptoms, and work productivity across the care trajectory from diagnosis through long-term survivorship.
Fatal Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis Due to Balamuthia mandrillaris in New Mexico: A Case Report
Authors: Pindyck Talia N. , Dvorscak Lauren E. , Hart Blaine L. , Palestine Michael D. , Gallant Joel E. , Allen Sarah E. , SantaCruz Karen S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). We report a case in an individual with a history of alcohol abuse, cocaine use, and ditch water exposure. This is the first reported case of GAE due to B mandrillaris in New Mexico.
Modeling First Break Milling of Debranned Wheat Using the Double Normalized Kumaraswamy Breakage Function
Authors: Galindez‐Najera Silvia Patricia , Campbell Grant M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDebranning of wheat affects flour quality, initially by altering the breakage of wheat kernels during first break. The double normalized Kumaraswamy breakage function was applied to model the effect of debranning on wheat breakage during first break milling, in which type 1 breakage describes a relatively narrow distribution of midsized particles, whereas type 2 breakage describes a wide size range of predominantly small particles extending to very large particles. Mallacca (hard) and Consort (soft) wheats were debranned and milled at three roll gaps under sharp‐to‐sharp and dull‐to‐dull dispositions. Type 1 breakage increased at longer debranning times, whereas type 2 breakage decreased, for both wheat varieties under both dispositions. Sharp‐to‐sharp milling tended to produce more type 1 breakage than dull‐to‐dull. A mechanism of wheat breakage is proposed to explain the coproduction of very large and small particles via type 2 breakage and, hence, the effect of debranning. The proposed mechanism is that small particles of endosperm arise from scraping of large flat particles of wheat bran under the differential action of the rolls, such that removal of the bran reduces the production of the large bran particles and thus reduces the opportunity for the scraping mechanism that produces the very small particles.
Measurement and Comparison of Glass Transition and Sticky Point Temperatures of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) with Varying Condensed Distillers Solubles (CDS) and Drying Temperature Levels
Authors: Bhadra Rumela , Rosentrater Kurt A. , Muthukumarappan K. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is the main coproduct of the U.S. fuel ethanol industry and has significantly impacted the livestock feed markets in recent years. Particle agglomeration and subsequent flowability problems during storage and transport are often a hindrance, a nuisance, and expensive. This paper aims at characterizing the glass transition (Tg) and sticky point (Ts) temperatures of DDGS samples prepared with varying condensed distillers solubles (CDS) levels (10, 15, and 20%, wb), drying temperatures (100, 200, and 300°C), and moisture contents (0, 10, and 20%, db), and it discusses implications on DDGS flowability behavior. Distillers wet grains were combined with specified levels of CDS and dried in a convection‐style laboratory oven to produce DDGS. Subsequently, predetermined amounts of water were added to the DDGS to achieve desired moisture content levels. To determine Tg (°C), a differential scanning calorimeter was used, whereas Ts (°C) was determined through a novel technique with a rheometer. Results indicated high correlations between observed Ts and observed Tg (R2 = 0.87) data for DDGS samples. Also, the empirical model for predicted Tg = f (drying temperature, CDS level, and moisture content) based on the Gordon–Taylor model showed favorable R2 (0.74). Stickiness of DDGS increased with an increase in moisture content, indicating flow problems resulting from moisture. It was found that drying temperatures and CDS levels each had significant effects on Tg and Ts as well.
First Report of a 16Sr I-B Phytoplasma Associated with Phyllody and Stem Fasciation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in India
Authors: Biswas C. , Dey P. , Mandal K. , Mitra J. , Satpathy S. , Karmakar P. G. 
Published: July 2014

Flax or linseed is grown as a fiber or oilseed crop in tropical and temperate regions. It is commercially cultivated in many countries of the world including Canada, China, India, the United States, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Russia, Poland, and Argentina (1). In December 2013, symptoms suggestive of phytoplasma infection were noticed on flax in different experimental fields of Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF) research farm, Barrackpore, India, and the incidence was less than 2%. Because incidence of phytoplasma diseases are increasing worldwide, occurrence of a phytoplasma in a new geographical area poses an imminent threat. The infected plants showed floral virescence, phyllody, and stem fasciation (flattened stem). Floral malformation was very conspicuous with abnormal structures replacing normal flowers. All the floral parts, including petals, turned into green leaves. Total DNA was extracted from leaf mid veins of three symptomatic and three asymptomatic plants using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). PCR was carried out with the phytoplasma-specific universal P1/P7 primer set followed by nested primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 (2), resulting in DNA amplicons that were 1.8 kb and 1.2 kb, respectively, in all symptomatic samples tested. No amplification was observed with DNA from symptomless samples. This suggested association of a phytoplasma with the disease. The five purified nested PCR products were cloned in a pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and sequenced. One of the sequences that proved to be identical to the others was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KJ417660). The consensus sequence was analyzed by NCBI BLAST and found to share 99% similarity with the 16Sr DNA sequence of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' reference strain (GenBank HQ828108), which belongs to 16SrI group. The phylogenetic tree based on 16SrDNA sequence of phytoplasmas belonging to group 16SrI and other distinct phytoplasma groups also showed that the phytoplasma clustered with members of group 16SrI (3). The nested PCR product of R16F2n/R16R2 was digested using restriction enzymes AluI, BfaI, BstU, HhaI, HpaI, KpnI, MseI, and RsaI. The RFLP patterns were compared with those of known phytoplasma strains (2) and they matched the patterns for aster yellows subgroup B (16Sr I-B). Subsequently, the iPhyClassifier 16Sr group/subgroup classification based on similarity (4) analyses showed that the studied strain had 16SrDNA sequences in the 16SrI-B group with a similarity coefficient of 1.00. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of 16SrI-B phytoplasma associated with flax in India. References: (1) K. P. Akhtar et al. Phytoparasitica 41:383, 2013. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:337, 2004. (3) N. Saitou and M. Nei. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406, 1987. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
Negative Feedback Facilitates Temperature Robustness in Biomolecular Circuit Dynamics
Authors: Sen Shaunak , Murray Richard M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTemporal dynamics in many biomolecular circuits can change with temperature because of the temperature dependence of underlying reaction rate parameters. It is generally unclear what circuit mechanisms can inherently facilitate robustness in the dynamics to variations in temperature. Here, we address this issue using a combination of mathematical models and experimental measurements in a cell-free transcription-translation system. We find that negative transcriptional feedback can reduce the effect of temperature variation on circuit dynamics. Further, we find that effective negative feedback due to first-order degradation mechanisms can also enable such a temperature robustness effect. Finally, we estimate temperature dependence of key parameters mediating such negative feedback mechanisms. These results should be useful in the design of temperature robust circuit dynamics.
Geranyllinalool Synthases in Solanaceae and Other Angiosperms Constitute an Ancient Branch of Diterpene Synthases Involved in the Synthesis of Defensive Compounds
Authors: Falara Vasiliki , Alba Juan M. , Kant Merijn R. , Schuurink Robert C. , Pichersky Eran 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Many angiosperm plants, including basal dicots, eudicots, and monocots, emit (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene, which is derived from geranyllinalool, in response to biotic challenge. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) geranyllinalool synthase (GLS) belonging to the e/f clade of the terpene synthase (TPS) family and two Fabaceae GLSs that belong to the TPS-g clade have been reported, making it unclear which is the main route to geranyllinalool in plants. We characterized a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) TPS-e/f gene, TPS46, encoding GLS (SlGLS) and its homolog (NaGLS) from Nicotiana attenuata. The K m value of SlGLS for geranylgeranyl diphosphate was 18.7 µm, with a turnover rate value of 6.85 s–1. In leaves and flowers of N. attenuata, which constitutively synthesize 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool glycosides, NaGLS is expressed constitutively, but the gene can be induced in leaves with methyl jasmonate. In tomato, SlGLS is not expressed in any tissue under normal growth but is induced in leaves by alamethicin and methyl jasmonate treatments. SlGLS, NaGLS, AtGLSs, and several other GLSs characterized only in vitro come from four different eudicot families and constitute a separate branch of the TPS-e/f clade that diverged from kaurene synthases, also in the TPS-e/f clade, before the gymnosperm-angiosperm split. The early divergence of this branch and the GLS activity of genes in this branch in diverse eudicot families suggest that GLS activity encoded by these genes predates the angiosperm-gymnosperm split. However, although a TPS sequence belonging to this GLS lineage was recently reported from a basal dicot, no representative sequences have yet been found in monocot or nonangiospermous plants.
Long-Term Evolution of Nucleotide-Binding Site-Leucine-Rich Repeat Genes: Understanding Gained from and beyond the Legume Family
Authors: Shao Zhu-Qing , Zhang Yan-Mei , Hang Yue-Yu , Xue Jia-Yu , Zhou Guang-Can , Wu Ping , Wu Xiao-Yi , Wu Xun-Zong , Wang Qiang , Wang Bin , Chen Jian-Qun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractProper utilization of plant disease resistance genes requires a good understanding of their short- and long-term evolution. Here we present a comprehensive study of the long-term evolutionary history of nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR) genes within and beyond the legume family. The small group of NBS-LRR genes with an amino-terminal RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW8 (RPW8)-like domain (referred to as RNL) was first revealed as a basal clade sister to both coiled-coil-NBS-LRR (CNL) and Toll/Interleukin1 receptor-NBS-LRR (TNL) clades. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as an outgroup, this study explicitly recovered 31 ancestral NBS lineages (two RNL, 21 CNL, and eight TNL) that had existed in the rosid common ancestor and 119 ancestral lineages (nine RNL, 55 CNL, and 55 TNL) that had diverged in the legume common ancestor. It was shown that, during their evolution in the past 54 million years, approximately 94% (112 of 119) of the ancestral legume NBS lineages experienced deletions or significant expansions, while seven original lineages were maintained in a conservative manner. The NBS gene duplication pattern was further examined. The local tandem duplications dominated NBS gene gains in the total number of genes (more than 75%), which was not surprising. However, it was interesting from our study that ectopic duplications had created many novel NBS gene loci in individual legume genomes, which occurred at a significant frequency of 8% to 20% in different legume lineages. Finally, by surveying the legume microRNAs that can potentially regulate NBS genes, we found that the microRNA-NBS gene interaction also exhibited a gain-and-loss pattern during the legume evolution.
Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in raw milk and dairy products in Turkey
Authors: Gundogan Neslihan , Avci Ebru 
Published: July 2014

In this survey, 150 samples of raw milk, white cheese and ice cream from three different dairy‐processing plants in Ankara were analysed to find out if they were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus. The highest contamination percentages were found in raw milk samples as follows: B. cereus (90%), E. coli (74%) and S. aureus (56%) followed by cheese (70% B. cereus, 60% E. coli, and 48% S. aureus) and ice cream (56% E. coli, 36% S. aureus and 20% B. cereus). The survey showed that 2% of cheese samples were contaminated with E. coli O157. It was also found that the numbers of S. aureus and E. coli in raw milk, cheese and ice cream samples exceeded the numbers permitted under the Turkish Food Codex (TFC). The number of B. cereus in raw milk, cheese and ice cream samples was lower than the limit given in the TFC standards. The study also showed that E. coli and S. aureus exhibit resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Escherichia coli isolates also showed resistance to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but none of them exhibited resistance to cefotaxime. All S. aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. Bacillus cereus isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and sensitive to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin erythromycin, gentamicin and tetracycline.
Vulvovaginal Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, immunity and vaccine prospects
Authors: Cassone A 
Published: July 2014

Although a number of fungal species belonging to the genus Candida can cause acute vulvovaginal infection (VVC), Candida albicans is by far the most prevalent etiological agent, particularly for the most severe chronic condition known as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). This review focuses on recent advances in pathogenic mechanisms and host immune responses to C. albicans and on the utilisation of this information in the development of a vaccine to prevent and/or treat vaginal candidiasis. Currently, two vaccines with main or sole RVVC as clinical indication have completed a phase 1 clinical trial, and one of them has entered a phase 2 trial.
The Making of an Australian ‘Airport City’
Authors: FREESTONE ROBERT , WIESEL ILAN 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGlobally, the changing nature of airports, and particularly the juxtaposition of general commercial land uses alongside aviation functions, is captured in the concept of the ‘airport city’. In Australia, commercialisation has impacted nearly all privatised capital city and general aviation airports. Essendon Airport's contested transformation from a run‐down general aviation facility into an emergent business and retail hub in Melbourne's north‐western suburbs serves as an instructive case study of the evolution of the airport city as a new suburban typology. Drawing in part on in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders involved in the redevelopment process, this paper examines the conflicting forces that have driven commercialisation since the late 1990s, the spatial outcomes and the wider planning issues arising.
All Strings Attached: Negotiating Relationships of Geographic Information Science
Authors: VELAND SIRI , LYNCH AMANDA , BISCHOFF‐MATTSON ZACHARY , JOACHIM LEE , JOHNSON NOOR 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHuman geography has driven substantive improvements in methodologies and applications ofGeographicInformationSystems (GISs), yetIndigenous groups continue to experience erasure in geographic representations.GISontologies comprise categorised labels that represent lived contexts, and these ontologies are determined through the shared worldviews of those labelling spatial phenomena for entry intoGISdatabases. AlthoughWestern ontologies and spatial representations reflectWestern understandings of human experience, they are often inappropriate inIndigenous contexts. In efforts to be represented in courts and land management,Indigenous groups nevertheless need to engageWestern spatial representations to ‘claim space’. This paper examines whatGISsare and do and shows thatGIStechnology comes with strings attached to the myriad social contexts that continue to shape the field ofGIScience. We show thatIntellectualPropertyRightsAgreements can sever and control these ‘strings’; the agreement between theYortaYortaNationAboriginalCorporation and university researchers reframesGISfrom a technology of erasure to a technology of opportunity that enablesIndigenous groups to define their own engagement. The visual and narrative outputs will contribute important understandings of the environmental crisis facing theMurray–DarlingBasin and connect older and younger generations through knowledge sharing. We conclude the application ofGIScience is never simply technological but always has potential to empower particular communities. ApplyingGIStechnology to new circumstances is an engagement of new relationships in the social praxis of technology transfer, where worldviews meet and negotiations are made over what exists and how we know.
The galanin receptor agonist, galnon, attenuates cocaine‐induced reinstatement and dopamine overflow in the frontal cortex
Authors: Ogbonmwan Yvonne E. , Sciolino Natale R. , Groves‐Chapman Jessica L. , Freeman Kimberly G. , Schroeder Jason P. , Edwards Gaylen L. , Holmes Philip V. , Weinshenker David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRelapse represents one of the most significant problems in the long‐term treatment of drug addiction. Cocaine blocks plasma membrane monoamine transporters and increases dopamine (DA) overflow in the brain, and DA is critical for the motivational and primary reinforcing effects of the drug as well as cocaine‐primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats, a model of relapse. Thus, modulators of the DA system may be effective for the treatment of cocaine dependence. The endogenous neuropeptide galanin inhibits DA transmission, and both galanin and the synthetic galanin receptor agonist, galnon, interfere with some rewarding properties of cocaine. The purpose of this study was to further assess the effects of galnon on cocaine‐induced behaviors and neurochemistry in rats. We found that galnon attenuated cocaine‐induced motor activity, reinstatement and DA overflow in the frontal cortex at a dose that did not reduce baseline motor activity, stable self‐administration of cocaine, baseline extracellular DA levels or cocaine‐induced DA overflow in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Similar to cocaine, galnon had no effect on stable food self‐administration but reduced food‐primed reinstatement. These results indicate that galnon can diminish cocaine‐induced hyperactivity and relapse‐like behavior, possibly in part by modulating DA transmission in the frontal cortex.