bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the phylogenetic diversity of seed banks
Authors: Griffiths Kate E. , Balding Sharon T. , Dickie John B. , Lewis Gwilym P. , Pearce Tim R. , Grenyer Richard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEx situ conservation efforts such as those of zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks will form a vital complement to in situ conservation actions over the coming decades. It is therefore necessary to pay the same attention to the biological diversity represented in ex situ conservation facilities as is often paid to protected‐area networks. Building the phylogenetic diversity of ex situ collections will strengthen our capacity to respond to biodiversity loss. Since 2000, the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership has banked seed from 14% of the world's plant species. We assessed the taxonomic, geographic, and phylogenetic diversity of the Millennium Seed Bank collection of legumes (Leguminosae). We compared the collection with all known legume genera, their known geographic range (at country and regional levels), and a genus‐level phylogeny of the legume family constructed for this study. Over half the phylogenetic diversity of legumes at the genus level was represented in the Millennium Seed Bank. However, pragmatic prioritization of species of economic importance and endangerment has led to the banking of a less‐than‐optimal phylogenetic diversity and prioritization of range‐restricted species risks an underdispersed collection. The current state of the phylogenetic diversity of legumes in the Millennium Seed Bank could be substantially improved through the strategic banking of relatively few additional taxa. Our method draws on tools that are widely applied to in situ conservation planning, and it can be used to evaluate and improve the phylogenetic diversity of ex situ collections.Maximizar la Riqueza Filogenética de los Bancos de Semillas
Holter ECG monitoring of sympathovagal fluctuation during bronchoscopy
Authors: Ali Abdellah Hamed Khalil , Toba Hiroaki , Sakiyama Shoji , Yamamoto Ryo , Takizawa Hiromitsu , Kenzaki Koichiro , Kondo Kazuya , Tangoku Akira 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe changes of autonomic nervous activity during bronchoscopic procedures are closely related to the development of cardiovascular complications. We aimed to evaluate the changes of autonomic nervous activity during bronchoscopic procedures using R‐R interval variability from electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained during diagnostic bronchoscopy.MethodsTwenty‐four patients who underwent bronchoscopy were included. Continuous ECG was recorded prior to, during and after the bronchoscopic procedure. Time and frequency domain analyses of heart rate variability were performed.ResultsHeart rate increased significantly after pre‐medication compared with that before pre‐medication and increased further during bronchoscopy. The coefficient of variation (CVRR) values after pre‐medication and during bronchoscopy were significantly higher than those before pre‐medication (P = 0.031 and P = 0.041, respectively). The low frequency (LF) power decreased during bronchoscopy. LF powers obtained after bronchoscopy were significantly lower than those obtained before bronchoscopy (P < 0.041). The high‐frequency (HF) power was found to be decreased during bronchoscopy. In particular, HF powers obtained after bronchoscopy were significantly lower than those obtained before bronchoscopy (P < 0.019). Although the LF/HF ratios increased after pre‐medication, they decreased temporarily during the bronchoscope insertion.ConclusionsThis study shows for the first time that Holter ECG monitoring during diagnostic bronchoscopy was associated with activation of cardiac sympathetic and withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic regulation, which may contribute to the occurrence of cardiac events during bronchoscopic procedures. So, Holter ECG monitoring during bronchoscopic procedures may confer reduction in cardiovascular events.
Conservation implications of omitting narrow‐ranging taxa from species distribution models, now and in the future
Authors: Platts Philip J. , Garcia Raquel A. , Hof Christian , Foden Wendy , Hansen Louis A. , Rahbek Carsten , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimSpecies distribution modelling (SDM) is commonly used to predict spatial patterns of biodiversity across sets of taxa with sufficient distributional records, while omitting narrow‐ranging species due to statistical constraints. We investigate the implications of this dichotomy for conservation priority setting in Africa, now and in the future.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa (excluding islands).MethodsWe use multivariate ordination to characterize climatic niches of 733 African amphibians, distinguishing between species eligible for large‐scale correlativeSDM(≥ 10 records at 1° resolution) and those omitted due to insufficient records. Species distributions are projected under current and future climates using simple niche envelopes. Empirical priorities are derived separately on the eligible and omitted sets and compared with three existing large‐scale conservation schemes.ResultsOf the 733 amphibian species, 400 have too few records for correlativeSDM, including 92% of those threatened with extinction (VU/EN/CR). Omitted species typically occupy topographically complex areas with cooler, wetter and less seasonal climates, which are projected to experience lower rates of climatic change. Priorities derived from omitted species have greater congruence with existing conservation schemes. Under future climate, priorities for eligible species shift towards those for omitted species. Similarly, while omitted species often lose climate space at 1° resolution, persistent populations tend to coincide with existing conservation schemes.Main conclusionsUnder current climate, statistical restrictions onSDMsystematically downplay important sites for narrow‐ranging and threatened species. This issue spans taxonomic groups and is only partially mitigated by modelling at finer scales. Effective biodiversity conservation, now and in the future, relies on our capacity to project geographic determinants of all species, and thus, a wider range of approaches is essential. We conclude, however, that future persistence among narrow‐ and wide‐ranging species alike will be highest within sites already identified for conservation investment and that the focus on these sites ought to be maintained.
Interhemispheric functional interactions between the subthalamic nuclei of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hohlefeld F. U. , Huchzermeyer C. , Huebl J. , Schneider G.‐H. , Brücke C. , Schönecker T. , Kühn A. A. , Curio G. , Nikulin V. V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by widespread neural interactions in cortico‐basal‐ganglia networks primarily in beta oscillations (approx. 10–30 Hz), as suggested by previous findings of levodopa‐modulated interhemispheric coherence between the bilateral subthalamic nuclei (STN) in local field potential recordings (LFPs). However, due to confounding effects of volume conduction the existence of ‘genuine’ interhemispheric subcortical coherence remains an open question. To address this issue we utilized the imaginary part of coherency (iCOH) which, in contrast to the standard coherence, is not susceptible to volume conduction. LFPs were recorded from eight patients with PD during wakeful rest before and after levodopa administration. We demonstrated genuine coherence between the bilateral STN in both 10–20 and 21–30 Hz oscillations, as revealed by a non‐zero iCOH. Crucially, increased iCOH in 10–20 Hz oscillations positively correlated with the worsening of motor symptoms in the OFF medication condition across patients, which was not the case for standard coherence. Furthermore, across patients iCOH was increased after levodopa administration in 21–30 Hz oscillations. These results suggest a functional distinction between low and high beta oscillations in STN‐LFP in line with previous studies. Furthermore, the observed functional coupling between the bilateral STN might contribute to the understanding of bilateral effects of unilateral deep brain stimulation. In conclusion, the present results imply a significant contribution of time‐delayed neural interactions to interhemispheric coherence, and the clinical relevance of long‐distance neural interactions between bilateral STN for motor symptoms in PD.
Factors contributing to the yield of asymmetric bilateral implantation of intracranial electrodes
Authors: Lee Ricky W. , Mandrekar Jay , Worrell Gregory A. , Cascino Gregory D. , Wetjen Nicholas M. , Meyer Fredric B. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Marsh W. Richard , So Elson 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the outcome of implanting fewer electrodes over the hemisphere with less supporting presurgical localizing data.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our epilepsy surgery database at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2011, to identify patients who had an asymmetric number of electrode contacts implanted in each hemisphere for seizure localization. We scored each presurgical noninvasive data point (0, 0.5, or 1) to predict the likelihood of identifying seizure onset in the hemisphere with fewer intracranial electrode contacts (HFEC). An aggregate score was obtained for each patient.ResultsThirteen (37%) of 35 patients had HFEC‐onset seizures on intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). The following factors predicted HFEC‐onset seizures: (1) temporal lobe epilepsy (p = 0.02); (2) interictal scalp electroencephalographic discharges at the HFEC (p = 0.04); and (3) both interictal and ictal scalp EEG discharges at the HFEC (p = 0.01). The median (range) aggregate score was 2 (1–3) for patients with HFEC‐onset seizures recorded on iEEG and 1 (0–3) for patients without HFEC‐onset seizures (p = 0.001). Using this scoring model, the odds ratio of identifying HFEC‐onset seizures on iEEG was 6.4 for each one‐point increment in the aggregate score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.84, suggesting excellent ability of the aggregate score to discriminate between patients with and without HFEC‐onset seizures on iEEG.SignificanceImplanting electrodes on the basis of limited supporting presurgical data may be useful in selected patients, especially those with temporal lobe epilepsy, interictal scalp discharges involving the HFEC, or both interictal and ictal scalp discharges involving the HFEC. In addition, our proposed scoring system may be helpful in selecting patients with complicated epilepsy for implantation of an asymmetric number of intracranial electrodes in the hemispheres.
Prevalence and risk factors of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus before and after adult living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Hara Yasuyuki , Kawagishi Naoki , Nakanishi Wataru , Tokodai Kazuaki , Nakanishi Chikashi , Miyagi Shigehito , Ohuchi Noriaki 
Published: September 2014

AimThe development of metabolic abnormalities after liver transplantation (LTx) contributes to cardiovascular events and mortality. We analyzed the prevalence and risk factors of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) after adult living donor liver transplantation.MethodsFifty‐four adult recipients with a minimum follow up of 6 months receiving living donor liver transplantation between 2001 and 2012 at the Tohoku University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension increased from 18.5% before transplantation to 35.2% post‐transplantation, and new‐onset hypertension after transplantation was 57.9% of post‐transplant hypertension. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors of post‐transplant hypertension were age (>50 years, P = 0.0023), pretransplant body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more (P = 0.0123), pretransplant hypertension (P = 0.0012) and cyclosporin A (61.5% vs tacrolimus 25.0%, P = 0.0248). The incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia and DM did not change from before to after transplantation. LTx was curative in 77.8% of cases of pretransplant dyslipidemia and 20% of cases of pretransplant DM. Primary biliary cirrhosis cases comprised 85.7% of cases of pretransplant dyslipidemia that were cured by LTx. In univariate analysis, pretransplant BMI of 25 or more was the only risk factor of post‐transplant dyslipidemia (P = 0.0098). The incidence of new‐onset DM after transplantation was 20%. Risk factors of post‐transplant DM were male sex (P = 0.0156), pretransplant DM (P < 0.0001), alcohol abuse (P = 0.0248) and mycophenolate mofetil (P = 0.0181) by univariate analysis.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension increased after LTx and pretransplant obesity was associated with several post‐transplant metabolic abnormalities.
Compromise and attraction effects in food choice
Authors: Carroll Ryall , Vallen Beth 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFood choices are being implicated as a key driver in the rising rates of obesity, as well as associated with other health problems that impact both individuals and society as a whole (Cawley and Meyerhoefer). Calorie listings, whether provided on menus or packaged goods, increase consumer's awareness of the calories in potential food choices and, as a result, make consumers more likely to evaluate a product relative to others in the choice set based on this attribute (e.g. choosing a higher or lower calorie option). In this research, we explore whether the provision of calorie information, when presented in the context of other food options, will result in (1) compromise effects, whereby individuals select intermediate (or middle) options in a choice set, and (2) attraction effects, whereby individuals gravitate towards items that are similar to others but also dominate these items in the choice set. In two experimental studies we find evidence for the compromise effect and the attraction effect. These findings extend work demonstrating that the context in which food decisions occur can impact choice, and builds on existing knowledge regarding the consequences of providing calorie information for food items. Although most work has shown that making calories salient has a beneficial impact on the accuracy of consumer calorie estimates and food choice, in this work we show that the compromise and attraction effects – two well‐established findings in decision‐making literature – can actually shift consumers to either higher or lower calorie options. This carries important implications for consumers making choices in information‐rich choice environments.
Does a money‐is‐all attitude cause alienation? A cross‐cultural comparison of Korea, the US and Sweden
Authors: Kim Sunwoo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMoney is increasingly being attributed more value in society, although a money‐is‐all attitude decreases social relationships and increases alienation in modern, industrialized societies. This research investigated the influence of this money‐is‐all attitude on alienation based on a cross‐cultural comparison of Korea, the US and Sweden. The money‐is‐all attitude was defined as a perspective in which money is regarded as an indicator of achievement or success.Self‐administered online surveys were conducted with consumers ranging between the ages of 20 to 49 in Korea, the US and Sweden. The money‐is‐all attitude and alienation seemed to be more pervasive in Korea than in the US or Sweden. The money‐is‐all attitude was the factor with the strongest influence on alienation when controlling for socio‐demographic factors. Furthermore, participation in sports activities was an important factor in decreasing alienation levels. The findings of this research imply that materialistic ways of thinking increase alienation and that money cannot contribute to human happiness and well‐being. In addition, active participation in social activities can decrease alienation.The research results suggest that a materialistic, money‐is‐all attitude negatively influences alienation across cultures; in addition, in the US, an affluent consumption‐based country, the money‐is‐all attitude had more explanatory power for alienation than in Sweden and Korea. A change in values to overcome the money‐is‐all attitude is required and the concepts of sufficiency and mindfulness are suggested as alternative life perspectives for the pursuit of well‐being.
Renal parenchymal histopathology predicts life‐threatening chronic kidney disease as a result of radical nephrectomy
Authors: Sejima Takehiro , Honda Masashi , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe preoperative prediction of post‐radical nephrectomy renal insufficiency plays an important role in the decision‐making process regarding renal surgery options. Furthermore, the prediction of both postoperative renal insufficiency and postoperative cardiovascular disease occurrence, which is suggested to be an adverse consequence caused by renal insufficiency, contributes to the preoperative policy decision as well as the precise informed consent for a renal cell carcinoma patient. Preoperative nomograms for the prediction of post‐radical nephrectomy renal insufficiency, calculated using patient backgrounds, are advocated. The use of these nomograms together with other types of nomograms predicting oncological outcome is beneficial. Post‐radical nephrectomy attending physicians can predict renal insufficiency based on the normal renal parenchymal pathology in addition to preoperative patient characteristics. It is suggested that a high level of global glomerulosclerosis in nephrectomized normal renal parenchyma is closely associated with severe renal insufficiency. Some studies showed that post‐radical nephrectomy severe renal insufficiency might have an association with increased mortality as a result of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, such pathophysiology should be recognized as life‐threatening, surgically‐related chronic kidney disease. On the contrary, the investigation of the prediction of mild post‐radical nephrectomy renal insufficiency, which is not related to adverse consequences in the postoperative long‐term period, is also promising because the prediction of mild renal insufficiency might be the basis for the substitution of radical nephrectomy for nephron‐sparing surgery in technically difficult or compromised cases. The deterioration of quality of life caused by post‐radical nephrectomy renal insufficiency should be investigated in conjunction with life‐threatening matters.
The missing component in rail charging modeling—access charges principle selection
Authors: Bugarinović Mirjana , Dimitrijević Branka , Bošković Branislav 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe motive of this research is the fact that until now no universal model of access charges (AC) has been defined. In the process of modeling, the AC principle is one of the key elements for defining the AC. In this paper, a model for the AC principle selection based on the analytic network process (ANP) approach is proposed. The developed model presents the objectives of the identified stakeholders through the established criteria from three different perspectives: the government influence, railway market environment, and efficiency of network use. Based on the results of a research, network structure of the ANP method can successfully resolve the dependence and conflicts among evaluation criteria for the AC principle selection. The proposed ANP‐based model can become a tool for evaluation and ranking of the AC principle as shown in the case study of the Serbian Railways. This paper is based on real data.
Maximum cut‐clique problem: ILS heuristics and a data analysis application
Authors: Martins Pedro , Ladrón Antonio , Ramalhinho Helena 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on iterated local search heuristics for the maximum cut‐clique (MCC, or clique neighborhood) problem. Given an undirected graph G = (V,E) and a clique C of G, the cut‐clique is the set of edges running between C and V\C, establishing the cut (C,V\C). The MCC in G is to find a clique with the largest number of edges in the neighborhood of the clique, also known as the maximum edge‐neighborhood clique. This problem has been recently introduced in the literature together with a number of applications, namely, in cell biology instances. However, it has only been addressed so far by exact methods.
In this paper, we introduce the first approximate algorithms for tackling the MCC problem, compare the results with the exact methodologies, and explore a new application within marketing analysis, which provide a new alternative perspective for mining market basket problems.
Three Layer Perovskite‐Like Structured Pr3Ti2TaO11Ferroelectrics with Super‐High Curie Point
Authors: Chen Chen , Jiang Qinghui , Wei Xiaoyong , Abrahams Isaac , Yan Haixue , Reece Mike J. 
Published: September 2014

Pr3Ti2TaO11was prepared by co‐precipitation and subsequent solid‐state reaction at 1300°C. The compound has a perovskite‐like layered structure belonging to space groupPmc21with unit cell parametersa = 3.8689(3) Å,b = 20.389(2) Å,c = 5.5046(5) Å. Second harmonic generation results confirm the structure ofPr3Ti2TaO11as being noncentrosymmetric. Dense and textured ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering. Analysis of theX‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results showed thatPr3Ti2TaO11ceramics have ann = 3 (type II) heteroblock structure consisting of alternatingn = 2 and 4 octahedral oxide layers. High‐resolution electron microscopy revealed the layered structure to be highly disordered, with faulting of the heteroblock structure and the coexistence of an = 4 phase on a fine scale (nm), which was evident as a broadening of theX‐ray diffraction peaks of the ceramics.Pr3Ti2TaO11ceramic exhibits a super‐high Curie point (1415 ± 5°C). A small, but measurable piezoelectric constantd33between 0.1 and 0.2 pC/N was detected for the samples poled above 900°C under an electric field of 100–200 V/cm.
‘It's One of the Hardest Jobs in the World’: The Experience and Understanding of Qualified Nurses Who Work with Individuals Diagnosed with Both Learning Disability and Personality Disorder
Authors: Lee Amy , Kiemle Gundi 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThis study examines the experiences of qualified nurses working with individuals diagnosed with both intellectual disability and personality disorder (PD) in a medium‐secure forensic intellectual disability setting. Potential training needs are highlighted, as well as other ways in which services could better support staff to work effectively with this client group.MethodIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were used to explore the nine participants’ experiences; the narratives were analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsFour master themes emerged from (i) disorder overriding disability; (ii) resilience; (iii) ambivalence towards label and (iv) knowledge.ConclusionThe findings highlight that for these participants, the clients' intellectual disability appeared to be lost under the complexity of the PD diagnosis. The clinical implications are discussed in terms of developing training, supervision and support.