bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Druckbeanspruchte Fachwerkstäbe mit exzentrischen Knotenblechanschlüssen – Teil 2
Authors: Dietz Horst , Wörner Markus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit einem schweren Baustellenunfall, bei dem die Schadensursache auf einen mit exzentrisch gestoßenen Knotenblechen angeschlossenen Fachwerkstab zurückgeführt wurde, sind im Nachgang hierzu Fragen hinsichtlich einer ausreichenden Stabilitätsbemessung mit Erfassung der wesentlichen Einflüsse aus den Anschlussbereichen aufgetreten. Dazu zählen Auswirkungen infolge Steifigkeitsabfall und Blechexzentrizitäten, Imperfektionsannahmen sowie der Ansatz der maßgebenden Biegeknickfigur. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit grundsätzlichen Überlegungen und gibt Hinweise und Anregungen für die praktische Bemessung (Teil 1 s. H. 8/2012).Trussed compression members with excentric junction plates. After a serious accident at a construction site, which cause was attributed to a trussed compression member jointed with excentric junction plates, questions occurred, concerning a sufficient design for stability considering effects related to the joint. Those effects include consequences due to a loss of stiffness and excentricity of junction plates, estimated imperfections and the decisive buckling mode. The following article deals with basic thoughts about the topic and gives advices and suggestions for a practical design.
Erster Bauabschnitt der Eisenbahnüberführung Peeneklappbrücke in Anklam
Authors: Stelzer Barbara , Dorrer Günther 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDie 1938 errichtete Eisenbahnüberführung Peeneklappbrücke Anklam ist Teil der Bahnstrecke 6081 von Berlin nach Stralsund. Im Rahmen des Ausbaus des zweigleisigen Streckenabschnitts zur europäischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecke werden die insgesamt vier Brückentragwerke (zwei Klappbrücken, zwei Trogbrücken) rückgebaut und durch Neubauten, die den heutigen Anforderungen entsprechen, ersetzt. Eine der denkmalgeschützten alten Klappbrücken wird neben den Neubauten als Denkmal wiedererrichtet. Derzeit ist der erste Bauabschnitt abgeschlossen und die Arbeiten des zweiten Bauabschnitts laufen. Nach Abschluss der Arbeiten ermöglichen die Neubauten eine Geschwindigkeit von 120 km/h im Bereich der Wasserstraßenquerung.First stage of construction of the railway overpass Peeneklappbrücke in Anklam, Germany – Dismantling and erection of the steel superstructure. The 1938 constructed Eisenbahnüberführung Peeneklappbrücke Anklam is part of the railroad No. 6081 connecting Berlin with Stralsund. Within the development of the double tracked railroad into a European high speed route the four bridge structures (two bascule bridge, two trough bridges) are removed and substituted by new structures, which are in accordance with today’s requirements. One of the heritage‐protected old moveable bridges will be reassembled as a monument next to the new constructed bridges. At this time the first construction stage has been finished and the operations for the second construction stage are processing. When the works will be finished next year, it will be possible to drive at a speed of 120 km/h on the new railway bridges.
2K‐PUR‐Zwischenbeschichtungen an Brückenbauwerken
Authors: Gelhaar Andreas , Schneider Andreas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBei der Herstellung des Korrosionsschutzes an einem Brückenbauwerk wurde ein modifiziertes Beschichtungssystem in Anlehnung an Blatt 87 der TL/TP‐KOR‐Stahlbauten mit einer 2K‐PUR‐Zwischenbeschichtung eingesetzt. Im Zuge der baustellenseitigen Ausführung der Deckbeschichtung des eine Einzelfallzulassung der BASt aufweisenden Beschichtungssystems wurden Probeflächen zur Überprüfung der Eigenschaftskennwerte angelegt. Die nach Abschluss der Korrosionsschutzarbeiten und zum Ende der Gewährleistungszeit durchgeführte gutachterliche Prüfung ergab in beiden Fällen einen sehr guten Haftverbund des Gesamtsystems mit einem ausschließlichen Trennfall Kohäsionsbruch bei der Abreißprüfung.
Der Bau der Autobahnbrücken Itzehoe im Zuge der A23
Authors: Menzel Nadine , Rilling Jan , Rings Ralph , Heiland Uwe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIm Bereich der Ortslage Itzehoe wurde im Jahr 1967 der Neubau einer ca.1200 m langen Spannbetonbrücke fertig gestellt. Die Lebensdauer und Nutzungszeit dieser Brücke war aufgrund ihres Zustandes durch Gutachten auf das Jahr 2009 begrenzt worden. Zum Ersatz dieses Bauwerkes wurde ein nach aktuellen Entwurfskriterien konzipierter Verbundbrückenzug gleicher Länge errichtet, der aus drei Einzelbauwerken, der Vorlandbrücke Nord, der Strombrücke über den Fluss Stör und die Vorlandbrücke Süd besteht. Die Außerdienststellung des Bestandes und sein Ersatz erfolgt in zwei Bauabschnitten, bei denen im 1. Bauabschnitt parallel zum vorhandenen Bauwerk der neue Brückenzug für die Richtungsfahrbahn Heide gebaut wurde. Im 2. Bauabschnitt erfolgt der Abbruch des Spannbetonbrückenzuges und anschließend der Neubau des Brückenzuges der Richtungsfahrbahn Hamburg. Für alle drei Bauaufgaben, dem Neubau zweier Verbundbrücken für die Überführung der Richtungsfahrbahnen der A23 auf der Ortslage Itzehoe und der Demontage eines Spannbetonbauwerkes, wurden unterschiedliche Lösungen umgesetzt, die teilweise grundsätzliche Vorgehensweisen darstellen oder weiterentwickeln.New Motorway Bridges Itzehoe in the Course of Autobahn A23. In the vicinity of the city of Itzehoe the new construction of a prestressed concrete bridge, 1200 meters long, was finished in 1967. Due to the condition of this bridge the durability and operational life span was limited to the year 2009. As replacement for this construction a new composite bridge of the same length was built according to current design criteria. The new bridge consists of three single structures, the approach bridge north, the part crossing the river Stör and the approach bridge south. The decommissioning of the existing structure and its replacement will be effected in two phases. In the first phase the new bridge for the direction Heide was built parallel to the existing structure. In the second phase the demolition of the prestressed concrete bridge was carried out followed by the new building of the bridge for the direction Hamburg. For all the three construction jobs, the building of two composite bridges for the overpass the carriageway of the autobahn A23 on the site Itzehoe and the disassembly of a prestressed concrete building, different solutions have been realised, which represent or develop partially basic procedures.
Use of diagnostic information submitted to the United Kingdom Central Cardiac Audit Database: development of categorisation and allocation algorithms
Authors: Brown Kate L. , Crowe Sonya , Pagel Christina , Bull Catherine , Muthialu Nagarajan , Gibbs John , Cunningham David , Utley Martin , Tsang Victor T. , Franklin Rodney 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo categorise records according to primary cardiac diagnosis in the United Kingdom Central Cardiac Audit Database in order to add this information to a risk adjustment model for paediatric cardiac surgery.DesignCodes from the International Paediatric Congenital Cardiac Code were mapped to recognisable primary cardiac diagnosis groupings, allocated using a hierarchy and less refined diagnosis groups, based on the number of functional ventricles and presence of aortic obstruction.SettingA National Clinical Audit Database.PatientsChildren undergoing cardiac interventions: the proportions for each diagnosis scheme are presented for 13,551 first patient surgical episodes since 2004.ResultsIn Scheme 1, the most prevalent diagnoses nationally were ventricular septal defect (13%), patent ductus arteriosus (10.4%), and tetralogy of Fallot (9.5%). In Scheme 2, the prevalence of a biventricular heart without aortic obstruction was 64.2% and with aortic obstruction was 14.1%; the prevalence of a functionally univentricular heart without aortic obstruction was 4.3% and with aortic obstruction was 4.7%; the prevalence of unknown (ambiguous) number of ventricles was 8.4%; and the prevalence of acquired heart disease only was 2.2%. Diagnostic groups added to procedural information: of the 17% of all operations classed as “not a specific procedure”, 97.1% had a diagnosis identified in Scheme 1 and 97.2% in Scheme 2.ConclusionsDiagnostic information adds to surgical procedural data when the complexity of case mix is analysed in a national database. These diagnostic categorisation schemes may be used for future investigation of the frequency of conditions and evaluation of long-term outcome over a series of procedures.
Triage During Mass Gatherings
Authors: Turris Sheila A. , Lund Adam 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTriage is a complex process and is one means for determining which patients most need access to limited resources. Triage has been studied extensively, particularly in relation to triage in overcrowded emergency departments, where individuals presenting for treatment often are competing for the available stretchers. Research also has been done in relation to the use of prehospital and field triage during mass-casualty incidents and disasters.In contrast, scant research has been done to develop and test an effective triage approach for use in mass-gathering and mass-participation events, although there is a growing body of knowledge regarding the health needs of persons attending large events. Existing triage and acuity scoring systems are suboptimal for this unique population, as these events can involve high patient presentation rates (PPR) and, occasionally, critically ill patients. Mass-gathering events are dangerous; a higher incidence of injury occurs than would be expected from general population statistics.The need for an effective triage and acuity scoring system for use during mass gatherings is clear, as these events not only create multiple patient encounters, but also have the potential to become mass-casualty incidents. Furthermore, triage during a large-scale disaster or mass-casualty incident requires that multiple, local agencies work together, necessitating a common language for triage and acuity scoring.In reviewing existing literature with regard to triage systems that might be employed for this population, it is noted that existing systems are biased toward traumatic injuries, usually ignoring mitigating factors such as alcohol and drug use and environmental exposures. Moreover, there is a substantial amount of over-triage that occurs with existing prehospital triage systems, which may lead to misallocation of limited resources. This manuscript presents a review of the available literature and proposes a triage system for use during mass gatherings that also may be used in the setting of mass-casualty incidents or disaster responses.TurrisSA, LundA. Triage during mass gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-5.
Is dairy product consumption associated with the incidence of CHD?
Authors: Avalos Elisea E , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Wingard Deborah L , Bergstrom Jaclyn N , Al-Delaimy Wael K 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveStudies examining the association of dairy consumption with incident CHD have yielded inconsistent results. The current prospective study examined the association between dairy consumption and CHD in a population-based sample of older community-dwelling adults.DesignBaseline CHD risk factors were assessed and an FFQ was self-administered. Participants were followed for morbidity and mortality with periodic clinic visits and annual mailed questionnaires for an average of 16·2 years, with a 96 % follow-up rate for fatal and non-fatal CHD.SettingCommunity.SubjectsParticipants were 751 men and 1008 women aged 50–93 years who attended a clinic visit in 1984–1987.ResultsAt baseline the mean age was 70·6 (sd9·8) years for men and 70·1 (sd9·3) years for women. Participants who developed CHD during follow-up were significantly older (P< 0·001), had higher BMI (P= 0·035) and higher total cholesterol (P= 0·050), and were more likely to be male (P< 0·001), diabetic (P= 0·011) and hypertensive (P< 0·001), than those who did not develop CHD. Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for age, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, LDL-cholesterol and oestrogen use (in women) indicated that women who consumed low-fat cheese ‘sometimes/often’ and women who consumed non-fat milk ‘sometimes/often’ had an increased risk of incident CHD (hazard ratio = 2·32; 95 % CI 1·57, 3·41) and CHD (hazard ratio = 1·48; 95 % CI 1·02, 2·16) compared with women who ‘never/rarely’ ate these dairy products.ConclusionsWoman with higher intake of low-fat cheese and non-fat milk seem to have a higher risk of incident CHD. This needs further investigation considering recent evidence of cardiovascular benefits from certain dairy fat.
Electron Tomography of HEK293T Cells Using Scanning Electron Microscope–Based Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: You Yun-Wen , Chang Hsun-Yun , Liao Hua-Yang , Kao Wei-Lun , Yen Guo-Ji , Chang Chi-Jen , Tsai Meng-Hung , Shyue Jing-Jong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBased on a scanning electron microscope operated at 30 kV with a homemade specimen holder and a multiangle solid-state detector behind the sample, low-kV scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is presented with subsequent electron tomography for three-dimensional (3D) volume structure. Because of the low acceleration voltage, the stronger electron-atom scattering leads to a stronger contrast in the resulting image than standard TEM, especially for light elements. Furthermore, the low-kV STEM yields less radiation damage to the specimen, hence the structure can be preserved. In this work, two-dimensional STEM images of a 1-μm-thick cell section with projection angles between ±50° were collected, and the 3D volume structure was reconstructed using the simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique algorithm with the TomoJ plugin for ImageJ, which are both public domain software. Furthermore, the cross-sectional structure was obtained with the Volume Viewer plugin in ImageJ. Although the tilting angle is constrained and limits the resulting structural resolution, slicing the reconstructed volume generated the depth profile of the thick specimen with sufficient resolution to examine cellular uptake of Au nanoparticles, and the final position of these nanoparticles inside the cell was imaged.
Confinement and ELM characteristics of H-mode plasmas in KSTAR
Authors: Ahn J-W. , Kim H.-S. , Park Y.S. , Terzolo L. , Ko W.H. , Park J.-K. , England A.C. , Yoon S.W. , Jeon Y.M. , Sabbagh S.A. , Bae Y.S. , Bak J.G. , Hahn S.H. , Hillis D.L. , Kim J. , Kim W.C. , Kwak J.G. , Lee K.D. , Na Y.S. , Nam Y.U. , Oh Y.K. , Park S.I. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The latest results of confinement and edge-localized mode (ELM) characteristics of Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) H-mode plasmas are reported. The estimation of fast ion contribution to the total stored energy, calculated by both the NUBEAM and ASTRA simulations, and of the effective total heating power is used to derive the thermal energy confinement time (τ

E,thermal), which is compared with a multi-machine database. The measured power threshold for the L–H transition (P
thr) as a function of density shows a roll-over with minimum value at

. KSTAR H-mode plasmas exhibit three distinctive types of ELMs: large type-I ELMs, intermediate ELMs and a mixed (type-I and small ELM peaks) ELM regime. Power scans show that the frequency of the large ELMs increases with increasing heating power, a feature of type-I ELMs. The quality of confinement is higher for type-I and mixed ELMy H-mode (H
98(y,2) ∼ 0.9–1) than for the intermediate ELM regime (H
98(y,2) ∼ 0.7). Type-I ELMs have precursor-like signals from the magnetics measurement, while the other two ELM types do not. The low-field side (LFS) profile of electron temperature (T
e), from the ECE measurement, and the pedestal profile of the toroidal velocity (V
t), from charge-exchange spectroscopy, show a continuous build up on the LFS during the inter-ELM period. However, the pedestal ion temperature (T
i) remains unchanged for most of the inter-ELM period until it rapidly rises in the last stage of the ELM cycle (⩾70–80%). The estimated electron pedestal collisionality for a type-I ELMy regime is

. The confinement and ELM characteristics for the ELM suppression discharges by the application of an n = 1 magnetic perturbation (MP) have also been investigated for each of the identified stages during the MP application. A second L–H transition during the L-mode phase after the end of first H-mode stage occurs for some discharges when the divertor configuration is restored by the plasma control system. Characteristics of this late H-mode are compared with those for the main H-mode.
Resonant magnetic perturbation effects on pedestal structure and ELMs
Authors: Callen J.D. , Cole A.J. , Hegna C.C. , Mordijck S. , Moyer R.A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The plasma transport processes by which externally applied resonant magnetic field perturbations (RMPs) mitigate or suppress edge-localized modes (ELMs) in low-collisionality tokamak H-mode plasmas are explored. Experimental data from DIII-D indicates the dominant RMP-induced transport occurs at the pedestal top where electron temperature gradient scale lengths increase up to 3 times more than density gradient scale lengths. The increases scale approximately with the square of the strength of the RMPs. Since flow screening is predicted to inhibit magnetic island formation and magnetic stochasticity, a plasma transport model that does not depend on stochasticity is apparently needed. Thus, a basic magnetic-flutter-based cylindrical screw-pinch model theory of plasma transport is developed. A key attribute of this new model is that while RMP-induced radial magnetic perturbations can be significantly reduced on rational surfaces by flow screening, they induce spatial magnetic flutter away from them and thereby can cause substantial radial plasma transport. The plasma transport predictions of this spatial flutter model are compared with the DIII-D transport data.
Threshold conditions for transitions to I-mode and H-mode with unfavourable ion grad B drift direction
Authors: Hubbard A.E. , Whyte D.G. , Churchill R.M. , Dominguez A. , Hughes J.W. , Ma Y. , Marmar E.S. , Lin Y. , Reinke M.L. , White A.E. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Transitions from the L-mode regime to the I-mode regime, with an energy transport barrier, and to the H-mode regime with both an energy and particle transport barrier are studied on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Steady I-mode plasmas have been produced over a wide range of plasma field (3–6 T), current (0.8–1.35 MA), density and shaping in the unfavourable ion
B
× ∇
B
configuration. The power threshold for the L–I transition is higher than scalings for the L–H transition with favourable drift, and increases with plasma current as well as density. Threshold conditions for the I–H transition are more variable. In some conditions I-mode is maintained up to the maximum available ICRF power of 5 MW, nearly a factor of two above the L–I threshold, giving a robust operating window. Edge T
e at the L–I transition is in the range 250–450 eV, over a range of current and density, about a factor of two higher than with favourable drift, while at the I–H transition it can be much higher (up to 1.1 keV) but is again widely variable. Heat pulses due to sawteeth may play a role in transitions. Controlled I–L back transitions indicate little power hysteresis.
Longevity of implant crowns and 2‐unit cantilevered resin‐bonded bridges
Authors: Lam Walter Y. H. , Botelho Michael G. , McGrath Colman P. J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare “survival” and “success” of implant‐supported crowns (ISC) and tooth‐supported 2‐unit cantilevered resin‐bonded bridges (cRBB) in the rehabilitation of a bounded single tooth space (BSTS), after an observation period of ≥5 years.MethodsA case–control study among subjects who received ISC or cRBB rehabilitation at a teaching hospital. The (i) survival (retention in mouth) and (ii) success (absence of complications requiring intervention) for the ISCs and cRBBs were compared (overall, supporting structures and that of the prostheses). Rates of survival and success were compared using log‐rank statistics. Prevalence of survival and success (categories) were compared by chi‐square/Fisher's exact test.ResultsSeventy eight subjects participated in this study (39 ISC and 39 cRBB cases). Both had a mean observation time exceeding 100 months, P > 0.05. ISCs and cRBBs had similar survival rates: overall (P = 0.96), supporting structures (P = 0.14) and prostheses (P = 0.44) There was a significant difference in the rate of overall success between ISCs and cRBBs (P = 0.03), specifically with respect to the success rate of the supporting structures (P = 0.03). There was also a significant difference in the prevalence of supporting structures categorized as a “success”: ISCs (69.2%) and cRBBs (89.7%), P = 0.03. Biological complications of supporting structures were more common among ISCs (25.6%) compared with cRBBs (7.7%), P = 0.03.ConclusionImplant‐supported crowns and cRBBs in the rehabilitation of a BSTS survive similarly after at least 5 years. However, cRBBs had a higher success rate and were more frequently categorized as successful than ISCs. Notably, there were fewer biological complications of cRBBs supporting structures than ISCs.
Developing Ethical Awareness in Global Health: Four Cases for Medical Educators
Authors: White Mary , Evert Jessica 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the growth of interest in global health among medical students and residents has led to an abundance of short‐term training opportunities in low‐resource environments. Given the disparities in resources, needs and expectations between visitors and their hosts, these experiences can raise complex ethical concerns. Recent calls for best practices and ethical guidelines indicate a need for the development of ethical awareness among medical trainees, their sponsoring and host institutions, and supervising faculty. As a teaching tool to promote this awareness, we developed a scenario that captures many common ethical issues from four different perspectives. Each perspective is presented in case format followed by questions. Taken together, the four cases may be used to identify many of the elements of a well‐designed global health training experience.