bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Royal Natal National Park, Kwazulu-Natal: Mountaineering, Tourism and Nature Conservation in South Africa's First National Park c.1896 to c.1947
Authors: Carruthers Jane 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The Royal Natal National Park (RNNP) has been overlooked in the history of nature conservation and the origins of national parks in South Africa. It is the purpose of this article to unearth the history of this area as the country's first, formal, national park and to introduce it into mainstream national park literature and into the broader sweep of the region's environmental history. The material discussed here raises questions about why certain natural features, such as wildlife, attained national importance and generated tourism interest, while others - such as mountains and outdoor recreational facilities - did not develop or retain a similarly high profile in South Africa. In addition, by focussing on the Drakensberg protected area in KwaZulu-Natal, a fresh biography of a South African national park is presented which, it is hoped, will enrich the overall South African historiography around landscape, the natural environment and nature conservation values.
Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan Cherts of India
Authors: Manchester Steven R. , Kapgate Dashrath K. , Wen Jun 
Published: September 2013

• Premise of the study: Despite the inferred Cretaceous origin of the Vitaceae, fossils of the grape family are relatively young, with the oldest previously known examples limited to the Paleocene of Europe and North America. New fossil evidence indicates that the family was already present in India in the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), about 10‐15 million years before the tectonic collision of India with Eurasia.• Methods: Fruits and seeds were investigated by serial sections and peels of chert from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of central India, and compared anatomically with those of extant genera.• Key results: Indovitis chitaleyae gen. et sp. n. is described based on immature fruits bearing four to six seeds, and isolated mature seeds. The seeds possess paired ventral infolds and a dorsal chalaza, features diagnostic of the order Vitales. Characters of chalaza shape, infold morphology, and seed coat anatomy place I. chitaleyae within Vitaceae and favor a phylogenetic position either sister to the Vitis‐Ampelocissus clade or sister to the Ampelopsis‐Clematicissus‐Rhoicissus clade.• Conclusions: Presence of the oldest known vitaceous fossils in the latest Cretaceous of India indicates a previously undocumented Gondwanan history and a possible southern hemisphere origin for the Vitales. An “out‐of‐India” scenario might explain the relatively sudden appearance of diverse Vitaceae in the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere.
Régulation de l’accès aux parcours et évolution des systèmes pastoraux en Mongolie
Authors: Devienne Sophie 
Published: September 2013

Cet article effectue la synthèse d’analyses-diagnostics de systèmes pastoraux réalisés dans différentes régions de Mongolie. L’approche comparative permet de montrer que les changements intervenus depuis la décollectivisation menacent la durabilité des systèmes pastoraux : l’absence de régulation de l’accès aux parcours rend possible un accroissement rapide des effectifs d’animaux et les inégalités d’accès aux parcours d’hiver viennent s’ajouter aux disparités économiques et sociales entre éleveurs. La mise en place d’une action collective pour une gestion concertée des parcours semble possible, mais à la seule condition que les éleveurs en aient les moyens et y aient intérêt, ce qui suppose des conditions économiques plus favorables que pourraient encourager les pouvoirs publics.
Endovascular therapy for acute stroke: Quo vadis?
Authors: Madhugiri Venkatesh , Pandey Paritosh 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Endovascular therapy (EVT) has gained vogue in the management of patients with acute stroke. Newer stent-retriever devices have led to better recanalization rates. In many centers, EVT is slowly being used as an add on to or in some instances, even as an alternative to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA). The publication of the results of the SYNTHESIS expansion, Interventional Management of Stroke III and Mechanical Retrieval Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy trials in 2013 has questioned the enthusiastic use of EVT in acute stroke. They demonstrate that EVT (using a variety of devices) is no superior to IV tPA in the management of acute stroke. In the light of these controversial findings, we review the current status of EVT in the management of acute stroke.
Management of craniopharyngiomas: Role of conservative strategies
Authors: Pillai Shibu 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Craniopharyngiomas are uncommon tumors and their management remains controversial. Despite gross total resection, recurrences can occur in 15-43% during long-term follow-up of more than 10 years. Furthermore, radical surgery can be associated with complications associated with hypothalamic damage, which can lead to a poor quality-of-life. Limited surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) can provide excellent long-term tumor control with minimum complications and good functional outcome. RT can however, produce insidious onset of hypopituitarism and vasculopathy. Secondary malignancies are a rare complication of RT. Modern radiation techniques and intracystic radiation can reduce these complications. Intracystic radiation is highly effective for cystic craniopharyngiomas. Intracystic bleomycin (ICB) and interferon alpha (IFN) are rarely curative, but can produce long lasting control of tumor cysts and this is very useful in very young children who may not tolerate radical surgery or RT. IFN has fewer toxicity issues compared to ICB.
“Made in India”: How’s that for an indigenous medical device?
Authors: Umamaheswara Rao Ganne 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
With increasing costs of imported equipment, there is a need for Indigenization of medical devices in India. The resources including skilled manpower to develop equipment of a good standard are available in the country. What plagues the developmental process is the lack of adequate interaction between the medical profession and the technologists and reluctance of the industry to venture into the medical device manufacturing. A much bigger and more serious road-block is the lack of formal certification and regulatory processes for these devices. Medical practitioners should be open to evaluating and accepting indigenous equipment that pass the requisite standards. Formal mechanisms should be developed to orient both physicians and engineers to the technical and commercial issues of device development.
The therapeutic effect of cranioplasty in severe head injuries: Report of two cases
Authors: Marsella Marco , Tigan Leonardo , Vicaut Eric , George Bernard , Guichard Jean-Pierre , Vallee Fabrice , Kehrli Pierre , Houssen Kourban , Diemidio Paolo , Keppi Jean-Julien , Chibbaro Salvatore 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Aesthetic appearance and brain protection are the main indications for cranial reconstruction following decompressive craniectomy. Recently, few reports indicated that cranioplasty could also improve both, cognitive and functional status.
A group of 20 patients were treated with decompressive craniectomy following closed head injury; among these patients, two of them (who represent the subject of the current investigation) had to undergo subsequent cranioplasty removal due to the development of local infection. All patients were evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale, frontal assessment battery and mini-mental state examination at 1 week before completion of the cranioplasty as well as 6 and 24 weeks following cranioplasty. Perfusion computed tomography scans were also performed (1 week before and 6 weeks after cranioplasty) as well as a trans-cranial Doppler 1 week before, and 6 and 24 weeks after. The two patients being the subject of this study were also clinically and radiologically evaluated after cranioplasty removal.
These two patients, who represent (not intentionally) two case control, showed a real clinical and cerebral perfusion improvement following repair of the skull defect followed by obvious clinical worsening after the skull flap had to be removed.
Cranioplasty is likely not to have just a positive influence on cosmetic and protective features of the patients but also seem to improve both, cognitive and functional status by favorably influencing local and global brain hemodynamic and perfusion.
A rare case report of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis mimicking glioma in a patient of rheumatic valvular heart disease
Authors: Chugh Ashish , Rane Sharada , Maithili Kulkarni , Gandhoke Charandeep 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPhaeohyphomycosis is a collective term used for fungal infections caused by moulds and yeasts that have brown pigmented cell walls due to the presence of melanin. These are also known as dematiaceous fungi. We report this patient who presented with headache, right hemiparesis, slurred speech, and altered sensorium. Patient was a known case of rheumatic valvular heart disease (RVHD) and had undergone balloon valvotomy for mitral stenosis 1 year back. Radiological features were suggestive of high grade glioma. Left fronto-parietal decompressive craniectomy with complete excision of mass lesion was performed. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed multiple granulomas with giant cells. These giant cells contained branched septate pigmented fungal hyphae in their cytoplasm. After the histopathology report, patient was started on intravenous amphotericin and was discharged on oral itraconazole 200 mg twice daily. Unfortunately, the patient was non-compliant and stopped taking oral itraconazole after 1 month. He landed up in fulminant fungal meningo-encephalitis and died 10 weeks after the initial diagnosis. We report a rare case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a patient of RVHD which, to our knowledge, is nowhere mentioned in the literature.
A rare case report of aneurysmal bone cyst involving the roof of the orbit
Authors: Ashish Chugh , Priyanka Chaudhari , Bhooshan Gandhi , Gandhoke Charandeep 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign, tumor like, multi-cystic vascular lesion that causes destruction of the cortical bone. It usually involves the metaphysis of long bones and spine (posterior elements). ABC arising in the orbit constitutes less than 0.25% of all reported cases. We report a 5-year-old girl who presented with painless right sided proptosis without any visual disturbance, which was gradual in onset. Contrast enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the orbit were suggestive of an expansile bony lytic lesion in the roof of the right orbit. Frontal craniotomy followed by the supra-orbital osteotomy was carried out. The entire tumor-like mass was removed piece-meal. Histopathological diagnosis was “a solid variant of ABC of the orbital roof.” Post-operative course was satisfactory and the patients eye symptoms improved.
Traumatic pneumorrhachis with tension pneumocephalus
Authors: Dawar Pankaj , Sedain Gopal , Sinha Sumit 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Air contained within the spinal canal is termed as pneumorrhachis. There are only few previously reported cases in the literature about pneumorrhachis. We herein report a case of pneumorrhachis associated with tension pneumocephalus in a patient with severe head injury.
Neurothekeoma of petrous apex: A rare entity
Authors: Kumaran Sunitha , Ghosal Nandita , Narayanam Saikiran , Viswamitra Sanjaya , Assis Zarina 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Intraosseous nerve sheath tumors are very rare tumors accounting for lesser than 0.2% of primary bone tumors. We present an 18-year-old female who presented with left facial paresis for the last 1 year. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated expansile, multiseptated, enhancing bony lesion in the left petrous apex. There was also abnormal enhancement of the 7-8th nerve complex within the internal auditory canal. Tumor was excised by subtemporal extradural approach. The lesion was diagnosed as intraosseous neurothekeoma on histopathology. This is an extremely rare tumor and its MRI appearance in this location is being described for the first time in literature.
Assessment of Cellular Reactions to Magnesium as Implant Material in Comparison to Titanium and to Glyconate Using the Mouse Tail Model
Authors: Reifenrath Janin , Badar Muhammad , Dziuba Dina , Müller Peter P. , Heidenblut Torsten , Bondarenko Alexander , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Nowadays, research in magnesium alloys as a biodegradable implant material has increased. The aim of this study was to examine osteoinductive properties and tissue responses to pure magnesium in comparison to conventional permanent (titanium) and to degradable (glyconate) implant materials. Methods Magnesium wires (0.4 mm in diameter, 10 mm length) were implanted into tail veins of mice and examined after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks. Titanium and glyconate as controls were assessed after 2, 4, 8 and 24 weeks. μ-computed tompgraphy, histology and SEM examinations were performed. Results Magnesium implants showed increasing structural losses over time with fragmentation after an observation period of 32 weeks. Glyconate was fully degraded and titanium remained almost unaffected after 24 weeks. In contrast to some titanium and glyconate implants, first calcium and phosphate precipitations could be observed around magnesium implants after two weeks. However, ossification could not be observed even after 32 weeks, whereas enchondral ossification was found partially in the sourrounding of glyconate and titanium implants after eight weeks. Nevertheless, magnesium implants showed less inflammatory responses and fibrosing properties than the conventional implant materials. Conclusions Although the assumed osteoinductive properties could not be detected, magnesium appears to be a promising degradable implant material because of the low sensitizing and inflammatory potential.
Biofilm Medium Leads to Apatite Formation on Bioactive Surfaces
Authors: Kulkova Julia , Abdulmajeed Aous A. , Könönen Eija , Närhi Timo O. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose When investigating apatite formation on biomaterial surfaces, simulated body fluid (SBF) is used as an in vitro solution, however, it does not provide an appropriate environment for the growth of bacterial biofilm. The aim of the present study was to compare the bioactivity in terms of apatite formation on two bioactive glass (BAG) composite surfaces using both SBF and bacterial-biofilm growing medium (BM). Methods Polymer composite substrates with different percentages of BAG–particles (50% and 75% by weight) were prepared. Plain resin substrates were used as a negative control. The substrates were immersed in SBF and BM for 3 days. The surface and, subsequently, the cross-sections of the substrates were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results All the investigated BAG-composite surfaces showed apatite formation after immersion in SBF and BM liquid media. Conclusions: The use of BM is a promising method for studies involving simultaneous biofilm growth and apatite formation on bioactive surfaces.
A new method of preparing superabsorbent PVF porous foam through the simultaneous acidification of water glass solution–aspect of environmental protection
Authors: Chang You‐Im , Cheng Wei‐You , Jang Larry 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo reduce the wastewater pollution problem, silica particles that have resulted from simultaneous sulfuric acidification of water glass solution serve as the pore‐forming agent for preparing superabsorbent PVF/SiO2 foam in this study. This is a departure from the traditional porous PVF/starch foam's manufacture method. The pore structure of PVF/SiO2 foam is very different from that of PVF/starch foam. The effect of the concentration of these pore‐forming agents on the pore structure, mechanical modulus, and water adsorption capacity of PVF/starch and PVF/SiO2 foams are investigated in this study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39894.
Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium BB12, and Lactobacillus casei DN001 modulate gene expression of subset specific transcription factors and cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese and overweight people
Authors: Zarrati Mitra , Shidfar Farzad , Nourijelyani Keramat , Mofid Vahid , Hossein zadeh‐Attar Mohammad Javad , Bidad Katayoon , Najafi Forouzan , Gheflati Zahra , Chamari Maryam , Salehi Eisa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractProbiotics are believed to have interaction with immune cells through sustained effects on gene expression of different cytokines and transcription factors. The present randomized doubled‐blind controlled clinical trial was performed recruiting 75 individuals with BMI 25–35, who were randomly assigned to the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 25) who consumed regular yogurt as part of a low calorie diet [RLCD], group 2 (n = 25) who received probiotic yogurt with a LCD [PLCD] and group 3 (n = 25) who consumed probiotic yogurt without LCD [PWLCD] for 8 week. Participants in PLCD and PWLCD groups received 200 g/day yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium Bb12, and lactobacillus casei DN001 108cfu/gr. The expression of the FOXP3, T‐bet, GATA3, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β, and ROR‐γt in PBMCs genes were assessed, before and after intervention. In three groups, ROR‐γt expression was reduced (P = 0.007) and FOXP3 was increased (P < 0.001). The expression of TNFα, TGFβ, and GATA3 genes did not change among all groups after intervention. Interestingly, the expression of T‐bet gene, which was significantly decreased in PLCD and PWLCD groups (P < 0.001), whereas gene expression of IFN‐γ decreased in all three groups. Our results suggest that weight loss diet and probiotic yogurt had synergistic effects on T‐cell subset specific gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells among overweight and obese individuals. © 2013 BioFactors, 39(6):633–643, 2013
Problem‐solving test: Conditional gene targeting using the Cre/loxP recombination system
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: gene targeting, knock‐out mutation, bacteriophage, complementary base‐pairing, homologous recombination, deletion, transgenic organisms, promoter, polyadenylation element, transgene, DNA replication, RNA polymerase, Shine‐Dalgarno sequence, restriction endonuclease, polymerase chain reaction, primer, transcription, SV40 virus, malignant transformation, spacer region, gene expression, agarose gel electrophoresis, ethidium bromide staining, Southern‐blotting, probe, reporter gene. © 2013 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 41(6):445–449, 2013
Real‐time generation of smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics‐based special effects in character animation
Authors: Xu Tianchen , Wu Wen , Wu Enhua 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn the previous works, the real‐time fluid‐character animation could hardly be achieved because of the intensive processing demand on the character's movement and fluid simulation. This paper presents an effective approach to the real‐time generation of the fluid flow driven by the motion of a character in full 3D space, based on smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics method. The novel method of conducting and constraining the fluid particles by the geometric properties of the character motion trajectory is introduced. Furthermore, the optimized algorithms of particle searching and rendering are proposed, by taking advantage of the graphics processing unit parallelization. Consequently, both simulation and rendering of the 3D liquid effects with realistic character interactions can be implemented by our framework and performed in real‐time on a conventional PC. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural preparation behavior synthesis
Authors: Shum Hubert P.H. , Hoyet Ludovic , Ho Edmond S.L. , Komura Taku , Multon Franck 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTHumans adjust their movements in advance to prepare for the forthcoming action, resulting in efficient and smooth transitions. However, traditional computer animation approaches such as motion graphs simply concatenate a series of actions without taking into account the following one. In this paper, we propose a new method to produce preparation behaviors using reinforcement learning. As an offline process, the system learns the optimal way to approach a target and to prepare for interaction. A scalar value called the level of preparation is introduced, which represents the degree of transition from the initial action to the interacting action. To synthesize the movements of preparation, we propose a customized motion blending scheme based on the level of preparation, which is followed by an optimization framework that adjusts the posture to keep the balance. During runtime, the trained controller drives the character to move to a target with the appropriate level of preparation, resulting in a humanlike behavior. We create scenes in which the character has to move in a complex environment and to interact with objects, such as crawling under and jumping over obstacles while walking. The method is useful not only for computer animation but also for real‐time applications such as computer games, in which the characters need to accomplish a series of tasks in a given environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Innocent Ligand Effects on Low‐Oxidation‐State Indium Complexes
Authors: Allan Christopher J. , Cooper Benjamin F. T. , Cowley Hugh J. , Rawson Jeremy M. , Macdonald Charles L. B. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAttempts to coordinate neutral ligands to low oxidation state indium centers are often hindered by disproportionation pathways that produce elemental indium and higher oxidation state species. In contrast, we find that reactions of the salt, InOTf (OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate), with α‐diimine ligands yielded intensely colored compounds with no evidence of decomposition. X‐ray structural analysis of InOTf⋅MesDABMe(MesDABMe=N,N‐dimesityl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐diazabutadiene;1) reveals a discrete molecular compound with a pyramidal coordination environment at the indium center, consistent with the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons on indium and a neutral diazabutadiene chelate ligand. The use of the less‐electron‐richMesDABHligand (MesDABH=N,N‐dimesityl‐diazabutadiene) engenders dramatically different reactivity and produces a metallopolymer (InOTf⋅MesDABH)∞(2) linked via CC and InIn bonds. The difference in reactivity is rationalized by cyclic voltammetry and DFT studies that suggest more facile electron transfer from InIto theMesDABHand bis(aryl)acenaphthenequinonediimine (BIAN) ligands. Solution EPR spectroscopy indicates the presence of non‐interacting ligand‐based radicals in solution, whereas solid‐state EPR studies reflect the presence of a thermally accessible spin triplet consistent with reversible CC bond cleavage.