bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pulp capping materials on fracture resistance of Class II composite restorations
Authors: Kucukyilmaz Ebru , Yasa Bilal , Akcay Merve , Savas Selcuk , Kavrik Fevzi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cavity design and the type of pulp capping materials on the fracture resistance of Class II composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted, sound molar teeth were selected for the study. A dovetail cavity on the mesio-occlusal and a slot cavity on disto-occlusal surfaces of each tooth were prepared, and the teeth were divided 4 groups which one of them as a control group. The pulp capping materials (TheraCal LC, Calcimol LC, Dycal) applied on pulpo-axial wall of each cavity, and the restoration was completed with composite resin. The teeth were subjected to a compressive load in a universal mechanical testing machine. The surfaces of the tooth and restoration were examined under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using factorial analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results: For pulp capping materials, the highest fracture load (931.15 ± 203.81 N) and the lowest fracture load (832.28 ± 245.75 N) were calculated for Control and Dycal group, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences among all groups (P > 0.05). The fracture load of the dovetail groups was significantly higher than those of the slot cavity groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Dovetail cavity design shows better fracture resistance in Class II composite restorations, independent of used or not used pulp capping materials.
Periodontal treatment in a generalized severe chronic periodontitis patient: A case report with 7-year follow-up
Authors: Agrali Omer Birkan , Kuru Bahar Eren 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of the periodontal treatment is to provide healthy and functional dentition all through a lifetime. In this report, periodontal treatment of a 42-year-old male patient with generalized severe chronic periodontitis is presented. He received initial periodontal treatment together with adjunctive antimicrobials. The devital teeth were endodontically treated, and free gingival grafts were placed at the inadequate keratinized tissue zones before regenerative surgery. Following the surgical treatment using enamel matrix derivatives and xenogenic bone graft combination, the patient was put on a strict recall program. After 12 months, favorable clinical and radiographical improvements were obtained. The 7-year maintenance of the present case with several initially hopeless teeth has been shown and discussed in this report. It can be concluded that optimum oral hygiene level as well as the positive cooperation of the patient enhanced the success of periodontal treatment results even in extremely severe periodontal destruction.
The reliability of the Greulich and Pyle atlas when applied to a Southern Turkish population
Authors: Gungor Ozge Erken , Celikoglu Mevlut , Kale Burak , Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Sari Zafer 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of Greulich and Pyle (GP) method for Southern Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Hand and wrist radiographs of 535 patients (276 females, 259 males aged from 10 to 18 years) selected retrospectively from the archive. Skeletal age (SA) estimation was performed according to GP atlas. The chronological age (CA) and SA were compared using the Paired t-test. Results: The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from 0.07 to 1.11 years. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in group I (10–10.90 years) (P < 0.001), group II (11–11.90 years) (P < 0.050), group III (12–12.90 years) (P < 0.001), group IV (13–13.90 years) (P < 0.010), and group V (14–14.90 years) (P < 0.001) for females. The mean difference between the CA and SA ranged from −0.41 to −1.79 years for females. These differences between the CA and estimated SA were statistically significant in all age groups. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found in the CA and SA assessed by GP method for the Southern Turkish sample. SA was significantly over-predicted in the 10–15 year ages in males and for 10–18 year ages for females. It is appropriate to use GP method in Southern Turkish children; however, a revision is needed for better results and to minimize the mistakes.
A three-dimension finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution in tooth supported 5-unit intermediate abutment prosthesis with rigid and nonrigid connector
Authors: Modi Ritesh , Kohli Shivani , Rajeshwari K. , Bhatia Shekhar 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the stress distribution in tooth supported 5-unit fixed partial denture (FPD) having tooth as pier abutment using rigid and nonrigid connectors respectively, under simultaneous and progressive loading. Material and Methods: The three-dimensional (3D) finite element program (ANSYS software) was used to construct the mathematical model. Two 5-unit FPD'S were simulated, one with rigid connector and another one with nonrigid connector. For analysis, each of these models were subjected to axial and oblique forces under progressive loading (180, 180, 120, 120, 80 N force on first and second molars, premolars and canine respectively) and simultaneous loading (100, 100, 100, 100, 100 N force on first and second molars, premolars and canine respectively). Results: The rigid and nonrigid connector design have effect on stress distribution in 5-unit FPDs with pier abutments. Conclusion: Oblique forces produce more stresses than vertical forces. Nonrigid connector resulted in decrease in stress at the level of prosthesis and increase in stress at the level of alveolar crest.
Statistical Power in theJournal of Research in Music Education(2000–2010): A Retrospective Power Analysis
Authors: Overland Corin T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring the last half of the 20th century, researchers became increasingly aware of a tendency in much social science research to lack sufficient statistical power. Low power can cause studies to be unable to reliably detect true effects in a population (Type II error) and to overestimate the practical significance of small effects when they are detected. Despite cautionary writings and the widespread availability of helpful computational tools, systemically underpowered research persists in the majority of contemporary academic journals. While the Journal of Research in Music Education is arguably the profession’s most prominent platform for empirical research, the degree to which this issue may be present has not yet been examined. Results found that the research articles published in the journal between 2000-2010 share similarities with other prominent journals in education and educational psychology in that, on average, the statistical power of the designs fell well below commonly accepted thresholds. Survey research in music education generally fared the best, being more adequately powered (.72) than many other academic disciplines, although still below the de facto standard of .80. By contrast, the average power of designs involving the manipulation of experimental conditions was much lower (.55). These figures represent best-case scenarios. Reports often did not contain all relevant information necessary to determine some common hidden drains to power, requiring some concessions to be made during calculation that likely overestimate the final results. Suggestions for maximizing statistical power are offered as well as a discussion of alternatives to classical null hypotheses significance testing.
A Rational Approximation for Efficient Computation of the Voigt Function in Quantitative Spectroscopy
Authors: Abrarov Sanjar M. , Quine Brendan M. 
Published: May 2015

We present a rational approximation for rapid and accurate computation of the Voigt function, obtained by sampling and residue calculus. The computational test reveals that with only $16$ summation terms this approximation provides average accuracy ${10^{ - 14}}$ over a wide domain of practical interest $0 &lt; x &lt; 40,000$ and ${10^{ - 4}} &lt; y &lt; {10^2}$ for applications using the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The proposed rational approximation takes less than half the computation time of that required by Weideman\text{'}s rational approximation. Algorithmic stability is achieved due to absence of the poles at $y \geqslant 0$ and $ - \infty &lt; x &lt; \infty $.
Umělecký text v didaktickém aparátu čítanek pro primární školy: výsledky analýzy
Authors: Lavičková Hana 
Published: May 2015

Cílem empirické studie je představit výsledky obsahové analýzy podob zadání didaktického aparátu čítanek určených pro žáky primární školy z hlediska jeho směřování k naplnění přímé práce žáků s uměleckými texty zařazenými do čítanek. V první části studie poukazujeme na specifickou roli čítanek při rozvíjení estetickovýchovného pojetí školní literární výchovy. Druhá část je věnována literárněvědným, literárnědidaktickým a kurikulárním východiskům výzkumu. Třetí část popisuje současný stav poznání v oblasti výzkumu čítanek. Ve čtvrté části představujeme metodologii výzkumu; výzkumný vzorek tvořil didaktický aparát 2 ucelených čítankových řad (8 čítanek určených pro 2.–5. ročník primární školy) sestávající z 3450 otázek, úkolů a námětů k činnostem. V páté části prezentujeme výsledky výzkumu, které poukázaly na některé společné tendence a výrazné rozdíly mezi zkoumanými čítankami. Zjistili jsme, že na práci žáků s uměleckým textem se nejvýrazněji orientují didaktické aparáty čítanek pro 4. a 5. ročník primární školy, nejméně didaktické aparáty čítanek pro 2. ročník primární školy. Z výsledků vyplývá, že zastoupení jednotlivých oblastí uměleckého textu je ve zkoumaných čítankách značně nerozmanité. V didaktickém aparátu čítanek převažují otázky, úkoly a náměty k činnostem zaměřené na tematiku a smysl uměleckého textu. Na základě zjištěných výsledků předkládáme v závěru studie doporučení pro tvorbu čítanek.
Možnosti využití metody eyetrackingu ve výzkumu kompetencí historického myšlení na příkladu analýzy ikonografického materiálu
Authors: Labischová Denisa 
Published: May 2015

Empirická studie pojednává o perspektivách využití metody eyetrackingu, založené na sledování očních pohybů při percepci verbálního a ikonického textu, a přináší výsledky předvýzkumu z roku 2014, jehož cílem bylo ověřit výzkumný nástroj pro zkoumání vlivu konkrétního způsobu strukturace analýzy historické karikatury na kvalitu její interpretace respondenty. V první kapitole jsou vymezena teoretická východiska (význam historických pramenů v procesu rozvíjení kompetencí historického myšlení) a jsou zde uvedeny možnosti uplatnění eyetrackingu v pedagogickém výzkumu. Ve druhé kapitole jsou popsány použité metody sběru a zpracování dat. Zvolen byl smíšený výzkumný přístup, zahrnující analýzu audiozáznamů slovních odpovědí studentů a statistických i vizualizovaných dat získaných elektronickým měřením. Testováno bylo 23 studentů učitelství z Moravskoslezského kraje. Ve třetí kapitole jsou prezentována výzkumná zjištění – návrh kategoriálního systému pro interpretaci karikatury, vizualizace dat v podobě heatmap, gaze opacity map a gaze plots a nejvýznamnější kvantitativní data (rozdíly v četnosti a délce očních fixací v průběhu testu). Předvýzkum ukázal, že eyetracking může poskytnout jinými metodami obtížně zjistitelné informace o percepčních strategiích uplatňovaných při interpretaci textu. Výsledky naznačují, že v případě didakticky strukturované analýzy historické karikatury dosahují respondenti vyšší úrovně interpretace než při analýze nestrukturované, kdy se slovní odpovědi omezují převážně na zobrazené osobnosti a jsou opomíjeny důležité symboly, obrazové kódy i širší historický kontext.
Evaluating the Physical Effects of Sport Climbing on Archaeological Sites
Authors: Henrikson Lael Suzann , Camp Amanda M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate whether sport climbing has contributed to de-vegetation at the base of basalt cliffs within the American Falls Archaeological District (AFAD), located along the Snake River in southern Idaho and currently managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). The increasing popularity of sport climbing has created challenging conflicts between public recreation and cultural resource protection. The loss of vegetation in the AFAD’s dune environment, from both recreation and natural processes, has already displaced and damaged significant archaeological resources. The Access Fund acknowledges that staging areas at the base of climbs are susceptible to vegetation loss and erosion, especially in arid environments. Since numerous “bare spots” occur under and along basalt cliffs throughout the AFAD, this analysis was designed to quantify these un-vegetated areas. The results of the analysis, which indicate that bare spots directly associated with climbing walls are significantly larger than those that appear to be natural, will be applied in management decisions regarding the protection and preservation of federally managed cultural resources within the AFAD. Hopefully, these results will assist other land management agencies in making proactive decisions regarding recreational use in archaeologically sensitive areas.
User Guide for Luminescence Sampling in Archaeological and Geological Contexts
Authors: Nelson Michelle S. , Gray Harrison J. , Johnson Jack A. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Feathers James K. , Mahan Shannon A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLuminescence dating provides a direct age estimate of the time of last exposure of quartz or feldspar minerals to light or heat and has been successfully applied to deposits, rock surfaces, and fired materials in a number of archaeological and geological settings. Sampling strategies are diverse and can be customized depending on local circumstances, although all sediment samples need to include a light-safe sample and material for dose-rate determination. The accuracy and precision of luminescence dating results are directly related to the type and quality of the material sampled and sample collection methods in the field. Selection of target material for dating should include considerations of adequacy of resetting of the luminescence signal (optical and thermal bleaching), the ability to characterize the radioactive environment surrounding the sample (dose rate), and the lack of evidence for post-depositional mixing (bioturbation in soils and sediment). Sample strategies for collection of samples from sedimentary settings and fired materials are discussed. This paper should be used as a guide for luminescence sampling and is meant to provide essential background information on how to properly collect samples and on the types of materials suitable for luminescence dating.
Large‐scale jets in the magnetosheath and plasma penetration across the magnetopause: THEMIS observations
Authors: Dmitriev A. V. , Suvorova A. V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTime History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms multipoint observation of the plasma and magnetic fields, conducted simultaneously in the dayside magnetosheath and magnetosphere, were used to collect 646 large‐scale magnetosheath plasma jets interacting with the magnetopause. The jets were identified as dense and fast streams of the magnetosheath plasma whose energy density is higher than that of the upstream solar wind. The jet interaction with the magnetopause was revealed from sudden inward motion of the magnetopause and an enhancement in the geomagnetic field. The penetration was determined as appearance of the magnetosheath plasma against the background of the hot magnetospheric particle population. We found that almost 60% of the jets penetrated through the magnetopause. Vast majority of the penetrating jets was characterized by high velocities V > 220 km/s and kinetic βk > 1 that corresponded to a combination of finite Larmor radius effect with a mechanism of impulsive penetration. The average plasma flux in the penetrating jets was found to be 1.5 times larger than the average plasma flux of the solar wind. The average rate of jet‐related penetration of the magnetosheath plasma into the dayside magnetosphere was estimated to be ~1029 particles/d. The rate varies highly with time and can achieve values of 1.5 × 1029 particles/h that is comparable with estimates of the total amount of plasma entering the dayside magnetosphere.
Styles of rifting and fault spacing in numerical models of crustal extension
Authors: Sharples W. , Moresi L.‐N. , Jadamec M. A. , Revote J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractExtension of the Earth's crust can result in differing styles of rifting, such as horst‐and‐graben, half‐graben, metamorphic core complexes and areas of distributed crustal thinning. Faulting patterns can range from either being distributed to highly localized. Observations indicate that the factors controlling the extensional deformation, symmetry, and fault spacing include rheological aspects such as the yielding mechanism and strain softening, and physical aspects such as initial heterogeneities and the strength of the lower crust compared to the upper crust. Time‐dependent numerical models of extension are presented, which investigate the influence of the yielding mechanism, lower crust strength, strain weakening, and initial heterogeneity in the crust have on (a) the style of rifting, (b) fault spacing, and (c) integrated strength in the upper crust. Models with an anisotropic yielding mechanism result in more realistic lithospheric strength profiles, slip plane angle distributions, and fault interaction than models with an isotropic yielding mechanism. Heterogeneity type and yielding mechanisms have the largest effect on the resulting symmetry of deformation, whereas the amount of strain weakening has the greatest influence on asymmetry. The likelihood of the metamorphic core complex mode occurring is primarily controlled by lower crust strength. Crustal thinning is encouraged by both low amounts of strain weakening and a strong lower crust. Lower crust viscosity exerts the primary control on whether the resulting deformation is distributed or localized. The degree of strain weakening has the largest influence on the average strength of the upper crust and the slope of the strength profile in the upper crust.
Seasonal and diurnal variability in historical warming due to the urbanization of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Shiori , Sato Tomonori , Sasaki Tomonori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe influence of historical urbanization on warming trends observed on Hokkaido Island (Japan) is discussed with an emphasis on seasonally and diurnally differential responses of air temperature to urban effects. Two numerical experiments using past and current land use scenarios successfully simulated the observed temperature trends, showing a greater rate of warming in winter than in summer and a greater increase in daily minimum than daily maximum temperatures. The results suggest that seasonal and diurnal variations in the thermal structure of the planetary boundary layer play a leading role in determining the warming rate of surface air. Under strongly stable stratification, anomalous heating within the urban canopy dissipates into a near‐surface shallow layer, resulting in increased daily minimum temperatures during winter. In summer, however, anomalous urban heating due to increased Bowen ratios is attenuated by vertical mixing in the convective daytime boundary layer, suppressing the impact of urban heating on surface warming.
Effects of temperature and precipitation on snowpack variability in the Central Rocky Mountains as a function of elevation
Authors: Sospedra‐Alfonso Reinel , Melton Joe R. , Merryfield William J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe employ a regression‐based methodology to study the impact of temperature and precipitation on snowpack variability as a function of elevation in the Central Rocky Mountains. Because of the broad horizontal coverage and thermal heterogeneity of the measurement sites employed, we introduce an elevation correction based on the sites' climatological temperature. For the elevation range investigated (1295–2256 m), and assuming an average atmospheric lapse rate of −6.5°C/km, we find a mostly linear relationship between effective elevation and correlation of temperature or precipitation with snow water equivalent and snowpack duration. We estimate a threshold elevation, 1560 ± 120 m, below (above) which temperature (precipitation) is the main driver of the snowpack. This threshold elevation is robust under a range of assumed atmospheric lapse rates. Locations below this elevation are likely to be affected by projected rising temperatures, with important effects on ecosystems and economic activities dependent on snow.
Scale‐dependent effects of solar radiation patterns on the snow‐dominated hydrologic response
Authors: Comola F. , Schaefli B. , Ronco P. Da , Botter G. , Bavay M. , Rinaldo A. , Lehning M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSolar radiation is a dominant driver of snowmelt dynamics and streamflow generation in alpine catchments. A better understanding of how solar radiation patterns affect the hydrologic response is needed to assess when calibrated temperature‐index models are likely to be spatially transferable for ecohydrological applications. We induce different solar radiation patterns in a Swiss Alpine catchment through virtual rotations of the digital elevation model. Streamflow simulations are performed at different spatial scales through a spatially explicit hydrological model coupled to a physically based snow model. Results highlight that the effects of solar radiation patterns on the hydrologic response are scale dependent, i.e., significant at small scales with predominant aspects and weak at larger scales where aspects become uncorrelated and orientation differences average out. Such scale dependence proves relevant for the spatial transferability of a temperature‐index model, whose calibrated degree‐day factors are stable to different solar radiation patterns for catchment sizes larger than the aspect correlation scale.
Interhemispheric transit time distributions and path‐dependent lifetimes constrained by measurements of SF6, CFCs, and CFC replacements
Authors: Holzer Mark , Waugh Darryn W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe constrain tropospheric transport from Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes to the Southern Hemisphere (SH) surface using measurements of SF6, CFCs, and CFC replacement gases and a novel maximum‐entropy‐based inversion approach. We provide the first estimate of the width Δ of the tropospheric interhemispheric transit time distribution (TTD). We find that Δ has a value of ∼1.3 years that varies little with SH latitude, compared to the mean transit time Γ that increases from ∼1.1 years in the SH tropics to ∼1.4 years at the South Pole. The TTD shape parameter Δ/Γ is thus larger in the SH tropics than at middle and high SH latitudes. Our analysis introduces a simple path‐dependent lifetime that parameterizes chemical losses. The path‐dependent lifetimes are estimated for CFC replacements, and systematic differences between path‐dependent and global lifetimes are interpreted. The path‐dependent lifetimes have the potential to provide new observational constraints on tropospheric and stratospheric loss processes.