bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethylene signalling affects susceptibility of tomatoes to Salmonella
Authors: Marvasi Massimiliano , Noel Jason T. , George Andrée S. , Farias Marcelo A. , Jenkins Keith T. , Hochmuth George , Xu Yimin , Giovanonni Jim J. , Teplitski Max 
Published: May 2014

SummaryFresh fruits and vegetables are increasingly recognized as important reservoirs of human pathogens, and therefore, significant attention has been directed recently to understanding mechanisms of the interactions between plants and enterics, like Salmonella. A screen of tomato cultivars for their susceptibility to Salmonella revealed significant differences in the ability of this human pathogen to multiply within fruits; expression of the Salmonella genes (cysB, agfB, fadH) involved in the interactions with tomatoes depended on the tomato genotype and maturity stage. Proliferation of Salmonella was strongly reduced in the tomato mutants with defects in ethylene synthesis, perception and signal transduction. While mutation in the ripening‐related ethylene receptor Nr resulted only in a modest reduction in Salmonella numbers within tomatoes, strong inhibition of the Salmonella proliferation was observed in rin and nor tomato mutants. RIN and NOR are regulators of ethylene synthesis and ripening. A commercial tomato variety heterozygous for rin was less susceptible to Salmonella under the greenhouse conditions but not when tested in the field over three production seasons.
How do general practitioners engage with allied health practitioners to prevent falls in older people? An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Grant Alasdair , Mackenzie Lynette , Clemson Lindy 
Published: May 2014

AimTo explore general practitioners' (GPs') perceptions about their use of Chronic Disease Management (CDM) items to access allied health interventions, in particular occupational therapy and physiotherapy, with the purpose of preventing falls, as well as to identify GP support needs with regard to development of partnerships with local allied health practitioners.MethodA qualitative study was conducted in the Sydney metropolitan area through individual semistructured interviews with eight GPs, which were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsThemes included (i) difficulties and opportunities associated with multidisciplinary care; (ii) potential for CDM items to be used to support falls prevention strategies; and (iii) the user‐friendliness of the CDM items.ConclusionEffective coordination of multidisciplinary care between GPs and allied health professionals was desired but difficult to achieve through the CDM system, making translation of falls prevention evidence into clinical practice challenging. Further education on falls prevention and CDM item modification is needed to bridge this gap.
Cognitive impairment in coeliac disease improves on a gluten‐free diet and correlates with histological and serological indices of disease severity
Authors: Lichtwark I. T. , Newnham E. D. , Robinson S. R. , Shepherd S. J. , Hosking P. , Gibson P. R. , Yelland G. W. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundMild impairments of cognition or ‘Brain fog’ are often reported by patients with coeliac disease but the nature of these impairments has not been systematically investigated.AimThis longitudinal pilot study investigated relationships between cognitive function and mucosal healing in people with newly diagnosed coeliac disease commencing a gluten‐free diet.MethodsEleven patients (8 females, 3 males), mean age 30 (range 22–39) years, were tested with a battery of cognitive tests at weeks 0, 12 and 52. Information processing efficacy, memory, visuospatial ability, motoric function and attention were tested. Small bowel biopsies were collected via routine gastroscopy at weeks 12 and 52 and were compared to baseline Marsh scores. Cognitive performance was compared to serum concentrations of tissue transglutaminase antibodies, biopsy outcomes and other biological markers.ResultsAll patients had excellent adherence to the diet. Marsh scores improved significantly (P = 0.001, Friedman's test) and tissue transglutaminase antibody concentrations decreased from a mean of 58.4 at baseline to 16.8 U/mL at week 52 (P = 0.025). Four of the cognitive tests assessing verbal fluency, attention and motoric function showed significant improvement over the 12 months and strongly correlated with the Marsh scores and tissue transglutaminase antibody levels (r = 0.377–0.735; all P < 0.05). However, no meaningful patterns of correlations were found for nutritional or biochemical markers, or markers of intestinal permeability.ConclusionsIn newly diagnosed coeliac disease, cognitive performance improves with adherence to the gluten‐free diet in parallel to mucosal healing. Suboptimal levels of cognition in untreated coeliac disease may affect the performance of everyday tasks.
Suicide in bipolar disorder: characteristics and subgroups
Authors: Schaffer Ayal , Sinyor Mark , Reis Catherine , Goldstein Benjamin I , Levitt Anthony J 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe development of more sophisticated models for understanding suicide among people with bipolar disorder (BD) requires diagnosis‐specific data. The present study aimed to elucidate differences between people who die by suicide with and without BD, and to identify subgroups within those with BD.MethodsData on all suicide deaths in the city of Toronto from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario, including demographics, clinical variables, recent stressors, and details of the suicide. Comparisons of person‐ and suicide‐specific variables between suicide deaths among those with BD (n = 170) and those without (n = 2,716) were conducted, and a cluster analysis was performed among the BD suicide group only.ResultsThose in the BD suicide group were more likely than those in the non‐BD suicide group to be female [odds ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–2.42; p = 0.001], to have made a past suicide attempt (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.45–2.80; p < 0.0001), and to have had recent contact with psychiatric or emergency services (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00–2.52; p = 0.049). Five clusters were identified within the BD group, with differences between clusters in age; sex; marital status; living circumstances; past suicide attempts; substance abuse; interpersonal, employment/financial, and legal/police stressors; and rates of death by fall/jump or self‐poisoning.ConclusionsThe present findings identified differences between BD and non‐BD suicide groups, providing support to the utilization of an illness‐specific approach to better understanding suicide in BD. Subgroups of BD suicide deaths, if replicated, should also be incorporated into the design and analysis of future studies of suicide in BD.
Hypothesis testing for an extended cox model with time‐varying coefficients
Authors: Saegusa Takumi , Di Chongzhi , Chen Ying Qing 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe log‐rank test has been widely used to test treatment effects under the Cox model for censored time‐to‐event outcomes, though it may lose power substantially when the model's proportional hazards assumption does not hold. In this article, we consider an extended Cox model that uses B‐splines or smoothing splines to model a time‐varying treatment effect and propose score test statistics for the treatment effect. Our proposed new tests combine statistical evidence from both the magnitude and the shape of the time‐varying hazard ratio function, and thus are omnibus and powerful against various types of alternatives. In addition, the new testing framework is applicable to any choice of spline basis functions, including B‐splines, and smoothing splines. Simulation studies confirm that the proposed tests performed well in finite samples and were frequently more powerful than conventional tests alone in many settings. The new methods were applied to the HIVNET 012 Study, a randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of single‐dose Nevirapine against mother‐to‐child HIV transmission conducted by the HIV Prevention Trial Network.
The scientific basis for the use of biomaterials in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP)
Authors: Colaco Marc , Mettu Jayadev , Badlani Gopal 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo review the scientific and clinical literature to assess the basis for the use of biomaterials in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Pelvic floor diseases (PFDS), such as SUI and POP, are common and vexing disorders. While synthetic mesh‐based repairs have long been considered an option for PFD treatment, and their efficacy established in randomised clinical trials, safety of its use has recently been called into question.Materials and MethodsUsing the PubMed, MEDLINE and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) databases, we performed a critical review of English‐language publications that contained the following keywords: ‘pelvic organ prolapse’, ‘stress urinary incontinence’, ‘mesh’, ‘biomaterial’, ‘collagen’, ‘elastin’ and ‘extracellular matrix’. After reviewing for relevance for mesh use in the pelvis by two independent reviewers with a third available in the case of disagreement, a total of 60 articles were included in the present review.ResultsWe found that many of the potential causes of PFDs are due to altered metabolism of patient extracellular matrix (specifically collagen, elastin, and their respective enzymes) and as such, repairs using native tissue may suffer from the same abnormalities leading to a subsequent lack of repair integrity. However, mesh use is not without its unique risks. Several publications have suggested that biomaterials may undergo alteration after implantation, but these findings have not been demonstrated in the normal milieu.ConclusionWhile the decision for the use of synthetic mesh is scientifically sound, its benefits and risks must be discussed with the patient in an informed decision‐making process.
Decreased muscle mass is not an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Korean population aged 70 or older
Authors: Koo Hyung Suk , Kim Moon Jong , Kim Kwang‐Min , Kim Young‐Sang 
Published: May 2014

SummaryContextThe association of low muscle mass with cardiometabolic risks is still controversial.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the various muscle mass indices and to evaluate the influence of muscle mass on MetS independent of fat mass.DesignCross‐sectional studySubjectsAbout 841 men and 1106 women aged 70 or older from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010MeasurementsWe used various muscle mass indices: appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by height squared (ASM/Ht2), ASM divided by body weight (ASM/Wt) and ASM adjusted for height and fat mass (residual). Low muscle mass is defined as ASM/Ht2 and ASM/Wt below 2 SD of the sex‐specific mean for healthy young adults. The sex‐specific lowest quintile of the distribution of the residual was regarded as low muscle mass.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was higher in the population with low muscle mass defined by ASM/Wt, but lower in those defined by ASM/Ht2. However, after stratification according to the central obesity, low muscle mass was barely related with MetS. Meanwhile, when both ASM and fat mass were included in a logistic regression model, the odds ratios of 1 SD change of ASM for MetS were 1·07 (0·85–1·34) for men and 1·24 (1·04–1·47) for women, respectively.ConclusionsThe relationship between low muscle mass and MetS was different according to the various muscle mass indices. After controlling the influence of fat mass, decreased muscle mass was not an independent risk factor for MetS.
Effects of radioiodine treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer on testis function
Authors: Canale Domenico , Ceccarelli Claudia , Caglieresi Carolina , Moscatelli Agnese , Gavioli Silvia , Santini Pierina , Elisei Rossella , Vitti Paolo 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) on testis function.DesignA prospective longitudinal single‐centre study was performed. A comprehensive andrological evaluation including hormonal assessment, semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound was undertaken in male patients undergoing RAI treatment for DTC.MethodsHormonal assessment of FSH, LH, testosterone (T), sperm concentration and motility and testis volume were determined in 20 patients in basal conditions, 6 and 12 months after RAI. Results were analysed in the whole group of patients and then separately in those who received one single ablative treatment (‘Single’ group, n = 10) and those who received multiple treatments (‘Multiple’ group, n = 10).ResultsIn basal conditions, 3 of 20 (15%) patients had a reduced sperm count and belonged to the ‘Multiple’ group. After RAI, an increase of FSH (8·8 ± 1·2 UI/l vs 5·2 ± 1·2, P < 0·005) and a decrease in sperm concentration (28·8 ± 7·7 millions/ml vs 54·5 ± 7·1, P < 0·005) and testis volume (15·2 ± 3·1 vs 13·7 ± 0·8 ml, P < 0·005) occurred at 6 months in the whole group. One year after RAI, seven patients had oligozoospermia (five from the ‘Multiple’ group and two from the ‘Single’ group). Permanent impairment of one or more testis function parameters was observed in patients who underwent multiple RAI treatments: 50% for sperm count, 40% for FSH levels and testis volume and, respectively, in 20 and 10% of those who received one single RAI treatment.ConclusionsThe single ablative RAI treatment in cancer patients is better tolerated respect multiple RAI treatments regard testis function. Multiple treatments for recurrent or metastatic disease may cause a permanent impairment of one or more parameters related to the reproductive potential of male patients.
Radiological and Histological Evaluation of the Effects of Cortical Perforations on Bone Healing in Mandibular Onlay Graft Procedures
Authors: Dayangac Emre , Araz Kenan , Oguz Yener , Bacanli Didem , Caylak Berrin , Uckan Sina 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPerforations of the cortical bone may be an advantage for the success of the autogenous bone graft procedure, but whether this perforation has a positive effect on the bone remains controversial.PurposeThis study evaluates the effects of cortical perforation of the autogenous bone block graft radiologically and histologically.Materials and MethodsSeven adult pigs were used for this study. On the experimental side, cortical perforation at the host site was prepared, while no perforation was done on the control side. The specimens were evaluated, and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn the radiological evaluation, the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test indicated no significant differences in densities among the grafts (p = .23) with a mean of 4.29 ± 0.951 for the unperforated graft side and 3.57 ± 0.976 for the decorticated graft side. In histological evaluation, there was a significant difference in the thickness of the grafts between the groups (experimental group 3.71 ± 1.286, control group: 4.71 ± 0.488; p = .033). However, when the remodeling and osteoblastic activity in the grafts were measured, no significant differences were observed between the groups (p = 1 and p = .133, respectively).ConclusionIn augmentation with mandibular onlay bone grafts, cortical perforations in the recipient site make no distinct contribution to bone healing within 12 weeks.
Enhanced bone healing by improved fibrin‐clot formation via fibrinogen adsorption on biphasic calcium phosphate granules
Authors: Kim Beom‐Su , Lee Jun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesFibrin clots play an important role in bone tissue regeneration. This study aimed at improving the fibrin‐clotting rate by coating the surface of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules with fibrinogen (FNG).Methods and materialsFNG was coated on the BCP surface using an adsorption and freeze‐drying method. The surface morphology of FNG‐adsorbed BCP (FNG‐BCP) was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the stability of the adsorbed FNG evaluated by gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism (CD) analysis. The biocompatibility of FNG‐BCP was evaluated in vitro using human mesenchymal stem cells, and in vivo bone‐healing efficiency determined using a rabbit calvarial bone defect model.ResultsSEM studies showed numerous irregularly distributed FNG fractions adsorbed onto the surface of BCP granules. Gel electrophoresis, CD analysis, and in vitro coagulation results showed that the adsorbed FGN maintained its native protein structure and clotting properties. Biocompatibility experiments showed that cell proliferation and adhesion were improved in cells cultivated on the FNG‐BCP granules. After surgical implantation into the bone defects, the FNG‐BCP granules coagulated at the defect site by reacting with the blood discharged from the surgical site tissue. In addition, at 8 weeks, the volume of FNG40‐BCP (P = 0.012) was significantly higher than that of BCP alone in the newly formed bone.ConclusionsThese results indicate that self‐coagulating FNG‐CBP granules may have the potential to be used as a bone substitute for enabling effective bone repair through rapid fibrin‐clot formation.
Rückgang nicht‐melanozytärer Hauttumoren nach Umstellung der Immunsuppression auf mTOR‐Inhibitoren bei organtransplantierten Patienten
Authors: Alter Mareike , Satzger Imke , Schrem Harald , Kaltenborn Alexander , Kapp Alexander , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundOrgantransplantierte Patienten entwickeln vermehrt nicht‐melanozytäre Hauttumoren. Aufgrund des multiplen Auftretens und aggressiven Wachstumsverhaltens stellt die chirurgische Therapie oftmals eine Herausforderung dar. Die Umstellung der immunsuppressiven Therapie auf einen mTOR‐Inhibitor kann eine antitumorale Wirkung haben.Patienten und MethodikIn einer monozentrischen retrospektiven Erhebung wurden im Zeitraum von 2008 bis 2010 organtransplantierte Patienten erfasst, die sich aufgrund von nicht‐melanozytären Hauttumoren vorgestellt hatten. Erfahrungen mit Patienten, die aufgrund von nicht‐melanozytären Hauttumoren auf eine Therapie mit einem mTOR‐Inhibitor umgestellt wurden, werden detailliert dargestellt und aktuelle Studiendaten dazu zusammengefasst.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 60 organtransplantierte Patienten mit nicht‐melanozytären Hauttumoren erfasst. Aufgrund der Entwicklung von vielen nicht‐melanozytären Hauttumoren innerhalb weniger Jahre wurde die systemische immunsuppressive Therapie bei 7 Patienten auf Everolimus und bei 5 Patienten auf Sirolimus umgestellt. Acht Patienten konnten hinsichtlich der Anzahl neu entstehender nicht‐melanozytärer Hauttumoren nach Umstellung ausgewertet werden, 4 Patienten mussten die neue immunsuppressive Therapie aufgrund verschiedener Nebenwirkungen wieder absetzen. In den 12 Monaten vor Umstellung der Immunsuppression entwickelten die 8 Patienten histologisch gesichert 16 Plattenepithelkarzinome, 3 Basalzellkarzinome und 22 Morbus Bowen. In den 12 Monaten nach Umstellung auf einen mTOR‐Inhibitor war die Zahl der Plattenepithelkarzinome (n = 2) und der Morbus Bowen (n = 3), nicht jedoch die der Basalzellkarzinome (n = 2) signifikant reduziert. Auch 5 kürzlich publizierte prospektiv‐randomisierte Studien konnten ein vermindertes Auftreten nicht‐melanozytärer Hauttumoren nach Umstellung der immunsuppressiven Therapie auf einen mTOR‐Inhibitor bei organtransplantierten Patienten zeigen.SchlussfolgerungEine Umstellung der immunsuppressiven Therapie auf einen mTOR‐Inhibitor sollte bei organtransplantierten Patienten mit nicht‐melanozytären Hauttumoren diskutiert werden.
Beruflicher Hautkrebs durch UV‐Strahlung – Analyse der Verdachtsmeldungen und Anerkennungen einer „Wie‐BK“ nach § 9 Abs. 2 SGB VII der Jahre 2005 bis 2011 in Deutschland
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDurch UV‐Strahlen verursachter Hautkrebs ist bisher nicht in der Berufskrankheitenverordnung enthalten und eine Meldung und Anerkennung ist bisher nur als „Wie‐Berufskrankheit“ möglich. Ziel war es, die Verdachtsmeldungen und Anerkennungen von Hautkrebserkrankungen durch UV‐Strahlen in Deutschland in den Jahren 2005 bis 2011 zu analysieren.Patienten und MethodikEs wurden alle Verdachtsmeldungen von Hautkrebs durch UV‐Strahlung, die im Mai 2012 bei der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung bekannt waren, ausgewertet. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte deskriptiv, stratifiziert nach Meldejahr, um zeitliche Trends darzustellen.ErgebnisseDie Zahl der Verdachtsmeldungen hat von 2005 bis 2011 ständig zugenommen, wobei insgesamt 548 Verdachtsmeldungen von arbeitsbedingtem Hautkrebs durch UV‐Strahlung registriert und 74 als Berufskrankheit anerkannt wurden. In 56 Fällen war das Verfahren noch nicht abgeschlossen. Am häufigsten fanden sich Plattenepithelkarzinome der Haut und Plattenepithelkarzinomata in situ (aktinische Keratosen, Morbus Bowen) bei insgesamt 333 Personen, die auch die höchste Anerkennungsrate zeigten (15,6 bzw. 24,9 %). Bei 184 Personen lagen Basalzellkarzinome vor, die Anerkennungsrate war mit 6,5 % deutlich niedriger, wobei in nur 3 Fällen die Anerkennung ausschließlich aufgrund eines Basalzellkarzinoms erfolgte. Von 50 Fällen mit Melanom wurde ein Fall anerkannt.SchlussfolgerungenEs zeigt sich eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der Empfehlung des Bundesarbeitsministeriums zur Aufnahme des UV‐Licht‐induzierten Hautkrebs in die Berufskrankheitenverordnung.
New and established treatment options for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome – an update
Authors: Dugas‐Breit Susanne , Schulze Hans‐Joachim , Hallermann Christian 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAt the time of diagnosis primary cutaneous lymphomas are limited to the skin. T‐cell lymphomas represent at least two thirds of all primary cutaneous lymphomas with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome being the most frequent entities. A precise staging based on clinical, histological, immunohistological and molecular biological criteria is crucial for selecting the appropriate therapy. Since curative treatment is only possible in exceptional cases, the aim of any therapy is to achieve healing of the skin lesions, minimizing relapses, preventing progression and maintaining the quality of life. While in early disease stages skin‐directed therapy is being used, in later stages systemic treatments become more important. This work aims to provide an overview of established and new therapies for the treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.
Rural–Urban Migration and Gender Disparities in Child Healthcare in China and India
Authors: Goodburn Charlotte 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article assesses the impact of rural–urban migration on gender disparities in children's access to healthcare in China and India. Much research has shown widespread discrimination against girl children in both countries, including in health investments, contributing to the well‐known problem of Asia's ‘missing’ women. Much less clear is the impact of the massive rural–urban migration now occurring in China and India on discrimination against daughters. Migration is usually thought to have a positive effect on child health, because of improved access to healthcare facilities, but this is not necessarily equally beneficial for both sons and daughters. Based on fourteen months of fieldwork with rural migrant families in Shenzhen (China) and Mumbai (India), this article argues that where migration improves access to healthcare, it may increase rather than decrease the gender gap in treatment of child illness in the short term, as resources are concentrated on the treatment of sons. Furthermore, it is not the case that rural–urban migration necessarily leads to better access to healthcare even for sons: some forms of migration may actually have an overall negative effect on child health outcomes. For these two reasons, development strategies focusing on large‐scale rural–urban migration should not be seen as a short‐term solution to problems of gender inequity in child health.