bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fracture de verge à Dakar. À propos de 25 cas
Authors: Niang L. , Thiam I. , Ndoye M. , Ouattara A. , Magloire Y. , Jalloh M. , Labou I. , Gueye S. M. 
Published: November 2012

Résumé

Buts
Présenter les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des fractures de verge dans le service d’urologie-andrologie de l’hôpital général de Grand Yoff de Dakar.

Matériels et méthode
Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive portant sur 25 cas de fracture de verge pris en charge dans le service d’urologie-andrologie de l’hôpital général de Grand Yoff de Dakar entre janvier 2001 et décembre 2011. Les paramètres suivant ont été étudiés: l’âge, la résidence, les antécédents, les données cliniques, les données de l’exploration chirurgicale et les résultats du traitement.

Résultats
En dix ans, 25 cas de fractures de verge ont été enregistrés soit une moyenne de 2,5 cas par an. L’âge moyen de survenue était de 36 ans avec des extrêmes de 22 et 60 ans. Les circonstances de survenue sont dominées par les manipulations forcées (52 %) et les rapports sexuels (32 %). La douleur associée à une latérodéviation controlatérale de la verge, une tuméfaction localisée de la verge ou extensive à la région sus-pubienne ou périnéale sont les principaux signes retrouvés. Une prise en charge urgente (délai moyen de prise en charge de deux heures avec des extrêmes de 45 minutes et 48 h) en milieu chirurgical avec réparation des corps caverneux et albuginorraphie a été la règle.

Conclusion
La fracture de verge est une urgence urologique relativement peu fréquente dans notre contexte. Son diagnostic reste aisé et est essentiellement clinique. Une prise en charge précoce et correcte en milieu chirurgical est garante d’un bon résultat fonctionnel et esthétique.
Massively parallel non-stationary EEG data processing on GPGPU platforms with Morlet continuous wavelet transform
Authors: Deng Ze , Chen Dan , Hu Yangyang , Wu Xiaoming , Peng Weizhou , Li Xiaoli 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Morlet continuous wavelet transform (MCWT) has been widely used to process non-stationary electro-encephalogram (EEG) data. Nowadays, the MCWT application for processing EEG data is time-sensitive and data-intensive due to quickly increasing problem domain sizes and advancing experimental techniques. In this paper, we proposed a massively parallel MCWT approach based on GPGPU to address this research challenge. The proposed approach treats MCWT as four main computing sub-procedures and parallelizes them with CUDA correspondingly. We focused on optimizing FFT on GPUs to improve the performance of MCWT. Extensive experiments have been carried out on Fermi and Kepler GPUs and a Fermi GPU cluster. The results indicate that (1) the proposed approach (especially on Kepler GPU) can ensure encouraging runtime performance of processing non-stationary EEG data in contrast to CPU-based MCWT, (2) the performance can further be improved on the GPU cluster but performance bottleneck exists when running multiple GPGPUs on one node, and (3) tuning an appropriate FFT radix is important to the performance of our MCWT.
Prevalence of HIV among women entering labor who accepted or declined voluntary counseling and testing
Authors: Theron Gerhard B. , Cababasay Mae P. , Van Dyke Russell B. , Shapiro David E. , Louw Jeanne , Watts D. Heather , Bulterys Marc , Styer Linda M. , Maupin Robert 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether there was a difference in HIV seroprevalence between eligible women who declined and those who agreed to participate in a study of voluntary counseling and testing among women entering labor with unknown HIV status in South Africa.MethodsAnonymous cord blood specimens were collected—as dried blood spots—from all women approached for participation in a cluster‐randomized trial. No patient identifiers were included on the cord blood specimens. The dried blood spots were analyzed for HIV antibody via enzyme immunoassay and western blotting.ResultsOf 7238 women screened for study participation, 1041 (14.4%) had undocumented HIV status; of these women, 542 were eligible for inclusion and 343 enrolled. Based on 513 evaluable samples, the overall seroprevalence was 13.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4–16.5), which was similar to the 13.1% (95% CI, 9.7–17.2) seroprevalence among the 343 enrolled women.ConclusionSeroprevalence among eligible women was similar to that among enrolled women, which indicates that study participation did not select for a group with an HIV seroprevalence substantially different from that among women who declined to enroll.
Usefulness of implantable loop recorder in a patient with syncope during bathing
Authors: Nakao Motohiro , Kobayashi Satoru 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA 27‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with a 1‐year‐hisory of repeated syncope, which particularly occurred while bathing or on a hot day. The head‐up tilt test did not induce arrhythmia; however, blood pressure decreased by 39 mm Hg without any symptoms. Given that no bradycardia/tachycardia was induced on electrophysiological study and carotid sinus massage, an implantable loop recorder (ILR) was implanted. After 2 months, syncope again occurred during bathing at midnight. Sinus arrest and a maximum ventricular pause of 10.2 s were documented using the ILR. After pacemaker implantation, the patient had not experienced syncope for 14 months.
LIFE WITH HIV: ‘STIGMA’ AND HOPE IN MALAWI'S ERA OF ARVS
Authors: Johnson Jessica 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAnti-retroviral therapies have radically transformed the HIV epidemic in rural southern Malawi and this article explores the ways in which women are learning to live with the virus in a matrilineal setting. Through discussion of the experiences of HIV-positive women, I argue that stigma can only be understood through an appreciation of the pre-existing, and often complicated, social relations into which new information about a person is folded. The women's narratives reveal a tentative hope for the future, which is replicated in my own optimism that the anthropology of HIV is undergoing a parallel reorientation towards the study of life with HIV, rather than death by AIDS.
Time course of the antibody response in humans compared with rats experimentally infected with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Yamano K. , Miyoshi M. , Goto A. , Kawase S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the accidental ingestion ofEchinococcus multiloculariseggs. Early detection is essential as surgical resection is the only treatment for a complete cure. However, details are unclear about changes in the antibody response during the initial stages of infection, yet such information is useful for early serodiagnosis. Therefore, a long-term investigation was performed into the time course of the antibody response before ‘positive’ detection. Patient sera were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting (WB) analysis using crude antigens extracted fromE. multilocularisprotoscoleces. Rats were experimentally infected with AE and similarly analysed by ELISA and WB. Among the markers for diagnoses, the 18 kDa band (main marker) appeared last in the preoperative stages and disappeared first after operation in a WB test. Although the 18 kDa antigen can be useful as a marker for AE diagnosis, it cannot contribute to the detection of some patients before the 18 kDa band appearance. To avoid misdiagnosis, different diagnostic antigens such as the 26–28 and 7–8 kDa bands should also be considered. These bands tend to appear earlier than the 18 kDa band and thus offer the potential for early detection of AE. We first observed changes in the antibody response in a relatively early stage after infection in human AE cases. Notably, changes in the antibody response of two intermediate species were similar. These findings provide valuable information for the early detection of human AE cases in the future.
‘There should be no open doors in the police’: criminal investigations in northern Ghana as boundary work
Authors: Beek Jan 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn criminal investigations by police officers in northern Ghana, the lines are fluid: civilians arrest suspects on their own, assuming the tasks of the police. Police officers are heavily influenced by civilians, often forming paid alliances with them. Yet such entanglements paradoxically enable state policing and integrate the police into society in a context of low resources and low legitimacy. Other practices limit and frame such transgressions. Using the concept of boundary work, this article analyses how actors maintain and negotiate the seemingly blurred distinction between state and society in West Africa.
Free market economy, ‘developmental state’ and party-state hegemony in Ethiopia: the case of the ‘model farmers’
Authors: Lefort René 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEthiopia's development strategy rests on the promotion of a market economy, driven by ‘new entrepreneurs’, both urban and rural, while, to bring it to ‘maturity’ and to compensate for its present ‘failures’, the resolute intervention of a ‘developmental state’ is essential. Simultaneously, the ruling party aims to sustain its political hegemony by enrolling massively among those at the top of the social pyramid, to which most of these ‘new entrepreneurs’ belong, so as to build its new constituency on them. In the rural areas (83% of the population), the merger of these two objectives leads to the mobilisation of the upper group of smallholder farmers, recruited both as ‘model farmers’ to become the engine for the growth, notably with the support of a massive public Agricultural Extension Programme, and also as members of the ruling party. However, the subordination of the regime's economic objectives to its political agenda undermines the implementation of its development strategy at the field level. This raises questions about the efficiency of the programme and the room left for entrepreneurship, even though this is a mainstay of the market economy that the regime sees as ‘vital’ for Ethiopia's ‘survival’ (Meles 2006).
Market institutions benefiting smallholders in contemporary Meru, Tanzania
Authors: Hillbom Ellen 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSmallholders in developing countries can potentially benefit from access to local, regional, national and international markets as they intermediate between rural and urban demand for agricultural products and smallholder supply. This study investigates how smallholders in Meru, Tanzania make use of the various marketing channels that are available to them, and argues that the variety of potential marketing channels and easily accessible market information enables smallholders to weigh advantages and disadvantages with varying market opportunities and form rational decisions. It presents a case where producers, consumers and traders are the principal agents in building market institutions through what should be characterised as endogenous processes. As these market institutions correspond to smallholders' needs, they may be able to play an important role in the overall process of agricultural development in the area.
Physiological, morphological, and immunochemical parameters used for the characterization of clinical and environmental isolates ofAcanthamoeba
Authors: BECKER-FINCO A. , COSTA A. O. , SILVA S. K. , RAMADA J. S. , FURST C. , STINGHEN A. E. , DE FIGUEIREDO B. C. , DE MOURA J. , ALVARENGA L. M. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe factors that characterizeAcanthamoebastrains as harmless or potentially pathogenic have not been elucidated. Analysing thein vitroandin vivoparameters ofAcanthamoebasamples, including heat tolerance at temperatures close to that of the human body, cytopathic effects, and their ability to cause infections in animals, has been proposed to identify their pathogenic potential. Another promising criterion for differentiating strains is the analysis of their biochemical and immunochemical properties. In this study, a comparative evaluation between clinical and environmentalAcanthamoebaisolates was performed on the basis of physiological, morphological, and immunochemical criteria. Crude antigens were used to characterize the protein profiles by electrophoresis and immunize mice to produce polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The antibodies were characterized using ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. The results obtained with polyclonal antibodies suggest the presence of specific proteins for each studied isolate and co-reactive immunochemical profiles among conserved components. Ten monoclonal antibody clones were obtained; mAb3 recognized 3 out of 4 samples studied. The results of this study may help standardize criteria for identifying and characterizingAcanthamoebastrains. Taken together, our results support the view that a set of features may help differentiateAcanthamoebaspecies and isolates.
Antimalarial interaction of quinine and quinidine with clarithromycin
Authors: PANDEY SWAROOP KUMAR , DWIVEDI HEMLATA , SINGH SARIKA , SIDDIQUI WASEEM AHMAD , TRIPATHI RENU 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYQuinine (QN) and quinidine (QND) have been commonly used as effective and affordable antimalarials for over many years. Quinine primarily is used for severe malaria treatment. However, plasmodia resistance to these drugs and poor patient compliance limits their administration to the patients. The declining sensitivity of the parasite to the drugs can thus be dealt with by combining with a suitable partner drug. In the present study QN/QND was assessed in combination with clarithromycin (CLTR), an antibiotic of the macrolide family. In vitro interactions of these drugs with CLTR against Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) have shown a synergistic response with mean sum fractional inhibitory concentrations (ΣFICs) of ⩽1 (0·85 ± 0·11 for QN + CLTR and 0·64 ± 0·09 for QND + CLTR) for all the tested combination ratios. Analysis of this combination of QN/QND with CLTR in mouse model against Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis multi-drug resistant (P. yoelii nigeriensis MDR) showed that a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 4 days of QN or QND produces 100% curative effect with 200 mg/kg/day for 7 days and 150 mg/kg/day for 7 days CLTR respectively, while the same dose of individual drugs could produce only up to a maximum 20% cure. It is postulated that CLTR, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, might have caused reduced CYP3A4 activity leading to increased plasma level of the QN/QND to produce enhanced antimalarial activity. Further, parasite apicoplast disruption by CLTR synergies the antimalarial action of QN and QND.
Age of major depression onset, depressive symptoms, and risk for subsequent dementia: results of the German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe)
Authors: Heser K. , Tebarth F. , Wiese B. , Eisele M. , Bickel H. , Köhler M. , Mösch E. , Weyerer S. , Werle J. , König H.-H. , Leicht H. , Pentzek M. , Fuchs A. , Riedel-Heller S. G. , Luppa M. , Prokein J. , Scherer M. , Maier W. , Wagner M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundWhether late-onset depression is a risk factor for or a prodrome of dementia remains unclear. We investigated the impact of depressive symptoms and early-v. late-onset depression on subsequent dementia in a cohort of elderly general-practitioner patients (n = 2663, mean age = 81.2 years).MethodRisk for subsequent dementia was estimated over three follow-ups (each 18 months apart) depending on history of depression, particularly age of depression onset, and current depressive symptoms using proportional hazard models. We also examined the additive prediction of incident dementia by depression beyond cognitive impairment.ResultsAn increase of dementia risk for higher age cut-offs of late-onset depression was found. In analyses controlling for age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E4 genotype, we found that very late-onset depression (aged ⩾70 years) and current depressive symptoms separately predicted all-cause dementia. Combined very late-onset depression with current depressive symptoms was specifically predictive for later Alzheimer's disease (AD; adjusted hazard ratio 5.48, 95% confidence interval 2.41–12.46,p < 0.001). This association was still significant after controlling for cognitive measures, but further analyses suggested that it was mediated by subjective memory impairment with worries.ConclusionsDepression might be a prodrome of AD but not of dementia of other aetiology as very late-onset depression in combination with current depressive symptoms, possibly emerging as a consequence of subjectively perceived worrisome cognitive deterioration, was most predictive. As depression parameters and subjective memory impairment predicted AD independently of objective cognition, clinicians should take this into account.
Prospective study of risk factors for suicidal behavior in individuals with anxiety disorders
Authors: Uebelacker L. A. , Weisberg R. , Millman M. , Yen S. , Keller M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are very common and increase risk for suicide attempts. Little is known about predictors of increased risk specifically among individuals with anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether specific anxiety disorders and other co-morbid psychiatric disorders, physical health, or work or social functioning increased the future likelihood of a suicide attempts among individuals with anxiety disorders.MethodIn this prospective study, 676 individuals with an anxiety disorder were followed for an average of 12 years.ResultsAs hypothesized, we found that post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), intermittent depressive disorder (IDD), epilepsy, pain, and poor work and social functioning all predicted a shorter time to a suicide attempt in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, baseline MDD and IDD were independent predictors of time to suicide attempt, even when controlling for a past history of suicide attempt. No specific anxiety disorder was an independent predictor of time to attempt in this anxiety-disordered sample. Adding baseline physical health variables and social functioning did not improve the ability of the model to predict time to suicide attempt.ConclusionsMood disorders and past history of suicide attempts are the most powerful predictors of a future suicide attempt in this sample of individuals, all of whom have an anxiety disorder.
Self-rated health and later receipt of work-related benefits: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Henderson M. , Stansfeld S. , Hotopf M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundLong-term sickness absence (LTSA) is most commonly due to common mental disorders and symptom-based conditions. Relatively little research has examined individual, as opposed to occupational, risk factors for LTSA. Individual appraisal of the workplace has been considered in several studies but self-rated health has more often been examined as a consequence of, rather than as a risk factor for, sickness absence. We aimed to study the association between self-rated health and later LTSA.MethodWe used data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). LTSA was defined as being in receipt of Incapacity Benefit (IB)/Severe Disablement Allowance (SDA) at age 34. The mother rated the participant's overall health at age 16; the participants self-rated at age 30. Reports of psychological and somatic symptoms were available at age 16; data on major health conditions were available at age 30.ResultsAnalyses were restricted to those working, studying or caring for children at age 30 (n = 14 105). One hundred and fifty-six (1.1%) were receiving IB or SDA by age 34. After adjustment for social class at birth, educational attainment, health conditions at age 30 and psychological and somatic symptoms at age 16, those who reported their health as poor had more than five times the odds of being long-term sick at age 34.ConclusionsThe overall appraisal of an individual's health as poor, independent of any diagnosis, is a significant vulnerability factor for LTSA.
Intergenerational ambivalence: new perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the German welfare state
Authors: PRINZEN KATRIN 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with ambivalence in the working generation's attitudes towards the elder generation in the German welfare state. Whereas most researchers focus on either norms or self-interest in intergenerational relationships, ambivalence is widely neglected. Ambivalence denotes a simultaneous positive and negative evaluation of the elder generation. The theoretical framework is developed by combining two common perspectives on intergenerational relationships in the welfare state. The first is age-based self-interest that is often discussed in the context of ageing societies with scarce welfare state resources. The second perspective concerns the norms that individuals internalise when growing up both in society and in the family. Drawing on survey data from the Population Policy Acceptance Study in Germany, the empirical analysis first presents evidence of intergenerational ambivalence and, second, investigates whether the structural contradictions that confront individuals in certain situations cause ambivalent attitudes towards the elder generation. The findings show that the higher the structural contradictions of being young and holding strong societal norms towards the elder generation the higher the ambivalent attitude towards this group in the context of the welfare state.
Interactivity in prosodic representations in children
Authors: GOFFMAN LISA , WESTOVER STEFANIE 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine, using speech error and articulatory analyses, whether the binary distinction between iambs and trochees should be extended to include additional prosodic subcategories. Adults, children who are normally developing, and children with specific language impairment (SLI) participated. Children with SLI were included because they exhibit prosodic and motor deficits. Children, especially those with SLI, showed the expected increase in omission errors in weak initial syllables. Movement patterning analyses revealed that speakers produced differentiated articulatory templates beyond the broad categories of iamb and trochee. Finally, weak–weak prosodic sequences that crossed word boundaries showed increased articulatory variability when compared with strong–weak alternations. The binary distinction between iamb and trochee may be insufficient, with additional systematic prosodic subcategories evident, even in young children with SLI. Findings support increased interactivity in language processing.
Language-specific noun bias: evidence from bilingual children
Authors: XUAN LEI , DOLLAGHAN CHRISTINE 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMost evidence concerning cross-linguistic variation in noun bias, the preponderance of nouns in early expressive lexicons (Gentner, 1982), has come from comparisons of monolingual children acquiring different languages. Such designs are susceptible to a number of potential confounders, including group differences in developmental level and sociodemographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to quantify noun bias in bilingual Mandarin–English toddlers whose expressive lexicons in each language contained 50–300 words. Parents of fifty children (1;10–2;6) reported separately on their English and Mandarin expressive lexicons. The mean percentage of Mandarin nouns (38%) was significantly lower than the percentage of English nouns (54%) and was robust to analyses of twelve potential covariates. Analyses of the most frequently reported words suggested that lexical reduplication could be considered as a potential influence on vocabulary composition in future studies. Results suggest that characteristics of the input significantly shape early lexicons.