bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Transport of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Polymerase Is Dependent on the BMRF1 Polymerase Processivity Factor and Molecular Chaperone Hsp90
Authors: Kawashima Daisuke , Kanda Teru , Murata Takayuki , Saito Shinichi , Sugimoto Atsuko , Narita Yohei , Tsurumi Tatsuya 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication proteins are transported into the nucleus to synthesize viral genomes. We here report molecular mechanisms for nuclear transport of EBV DNA polymerase. The EBV DNA polymerase catalytic subunit BALF5 was found to accumulate in the cytoplasm when expressed alone, while the EBV DNA polymerase processivity factor BMRF1 moved into the nucleus by itself. Coexpression of both proteins, however, resulted in efficient nuclear transport of BALF5. Deletion of the nuclear localization signal of BMRF1 diminished the proteins' nuclear transport, although both proteins can still interact. These results suggest that BALF5 interacts with BMRF1 to effect transport into the nucleus. Interestingly, we found that Hsp90 inhibitors or knockdown of Hsp90β with short hairpin RNA prevented the BALF5 nuclear transport, even in the presence of BMRF1, both in transfection assays and in the context of lytic replication. Immunoprecipitation analyses suggested that the molecular chaperone Hsp90 interacts with BALF5. Treatment with Hsp90 inhibitors blocked viral DNA replication almost completely during lytic infection, and knockdown of Hsp90β reduced viral genome synthesis. Collectively, we speculate that Hsp90 interacts with BALF5 in the cytoplasm to assist complex formation with BMRF1, leading to nuclear transport. Hsp90 inhibitors may be useful for therapy for EBV-associated diseases in the future.
Three-Dimensional Architecture of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Replication Sites and Trafficking of the Replicated RNA
Authors: Miorin Lisa , Romero-Brey Inés , Maiuri Paolo , Hoppe Simone , Krijnse-Locker Jacomine , Bartenschlager Ralf , Marcello Alessandro 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
Flavivirus replication is accompanied by the rearrangement of cellular membranes that may facilitate viral genome replication and protect viral components from host cell responses. The topological organization of viral replication sites and the fate of replicated viral RNA are not fully understood. We exploited electron microscopy to map the organization of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) replication compartments in infected cells and in cells transfected with a replicon. Under both conditions, 80-nm vesicles were seen within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that in infected cells also contained virions. By electron tomography, the vesicles appeared as invaginations of the ER membrane, displaying a pore that could enable release of newly synthesized viral RNA into the cytoplasm. To track the fate of TBEV RNA, we took advantage of our recently developed method of viral RNA fluorescent tagging for live-cell imaging combined with bleaching techniques. TBEV RNA was found outside virus-induced vesicles either associated to ER membranes or free to move within a defined area of juxtaposed ER cisternae. From our results, we propose a biologically relevant model of the possible topological organization of flavivirus replication compartments composed of replication vesicles and a confined extravesicular space where replicated viral RNA is retained. Hence, TBEV modifies the ER membrane architecture to provide a protected environment for viral replication and for the maintenance of newly replicated RNA available for subsequent steps of the virus life cycle.
Geomorphology and land-use decisions in Maine
Authors: Koons Donaldson 
Published: April 2013

Maine is under increasingly heavy pressure to permit development that may include deep-water ports and associated oil terminal and refining facilities, coastal and inland water-oriented recreational housing, and ski-related resorts. The state is 90 percent forested, sparsely populated, and historically penurious in acquisition of inventory data on natural resources. Wildlands of the Unorganized Towns, comprising 17,000 mi2, are almost entirely privately owned.
Three major statutes control developments within the state: site selection, applied statewide to major developments of 20 acres or more; wildland zoning, applied to the Unorganized Towns; and shoreland zoning, applied to areas 250 ft from lakes, streams, and coastal waters. Physical data are frequently unavailable for preliminary assessments, but geomorphologists can derive much of the necessary information from aerial photographs, geologic maps, topographic maps, and field inspections.
Quaternary events, including late Pleistocene glaciation, partial submergence, subsequent emergence, and dissection by four major river systems have established the landforms of Maine. Significant stratigraphic units are end- and ground-moraine complexes, the composition of which closely reflects bedrock character, ranging from sand with granitic boulders to fine-grained, plastic, bouldery clay; ice-contact features, including eskers, kames, kame terraces, and deltas; outwash, shore and beach deposits, and dune fields; and marine clays. These units, with their distinctive properties and limitations for building construction, roads, and waste disposal, are readily identified by the geomorphologist, whose information then provides the basis for first-level land-use decisions.
Chilean, Argentine, and Bolivian coals
Authors: Flores-Williams Hector 
Published: April 2013

The coal-bearing strata of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile crop out along the flanks of the Andes Mountains. Carboniferous coals are known in Argentina from the provinces of San Juan, Mendoza, Neuquén, and Chubut. The Middle and Upper Carboniferous coals are anthracite. Permian coals are known from the provinces of Córdoba, San Juan, Mendoza, and Chubut in Argentina; from the vicinity of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia; and from La Ternera and Quilacoya in Chile. The Permian coals also are anthracites. However, numerous faults and folds, a high ash content, and the limited extent of the coal-bearing basins make these Paleozoic coals of little economic interest. The same is true of the Mesozoic coals that are known from Argentina in the provinces of San Juan, Mendoza, and Neuquén.
The only important and commercial coal deposits from this three-country region are Tertiary coals in Argentina and Chile. In Chile the proved and probable bituminous coal resources total about 100 million metric tons, most of which is in the Eocene Arauco basin, which contains the best-quality coal in Chile. The calorific value of the best of this coal is 13,500 Btu/lb. The Oligocene subbituminous coals of the Magallanes basin in Chile are considered to be one of the largest reserves in South America — calculated to be 5,400 million metric tons. This is in addition to the 380 million metric tons of reserve in the Argentine Río Turbio coal deposits. The Magallanes and Río Turbio coals have a high ash content and a calorific value of 8,500 Btu/lb.
Coal resources of the Argentine Republic
Authors: Bergmann Federico A. J. 
Published: April 2013

In general, the coal deposits of Argentina fall into four groups on the basis of their predominant geologic ages: Neogene, early Tertiary, Jurassic, and Triassic. These four groups are related to the tectonic and stratigraphic framework of the country.
Neogene coals are mainly allochthonous lignitic coals of limnic origin; they have large amounts of ash. Predominating in the deposits of early Tertiary age are subbituminous, high-volatile coals of both limnic and paralic origins, locally with some coking properties. The Jurassic and Triassic provinces have bituminous coals with agglomerating and coking properties. The Jurassic coals were deposited mainly in a paralic environment; the Triassic coal-bearing strata mainly represent a limnic environment.
A total reserve of 483,921,000 metric tons is estimated on the basis of very scanty data. Only the Paleogene Río Turbio and Pico Quemado deposits of southern Argentina have been studied in some detail. The coal-bearing early Tertiary Río Turbio deposit contains 99 percent of Argentina’s established reserve.
Increased study of the Argentine coals will be pursued as a result of the world energy crisis. It is hoped that much larger reserves than those currently known will be established. During 1974, a total of 625,647 metric tons was produced, and it is hoped that production will be increased to 3,000,000 metric tons peryear.
Coal deposits of Latin America
Authors: Olive Wilds W. 
Published: April 2013

Commercial coal deposits ranging in rank from lignite to anthracite are present in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. Some of the bituminous coal is weakly coking. The commercial deposits are of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary ages, except those in Brazil, which are of Pennsylvanian and Permian ages. Most coal beds are less than 3 m thick, but some are as much as 5 to 8 m thick. Much of the coal in Brazil and Mexico occurs in flat-lying or gently dipping rocks. In the other countries, the coal beds commonly are folded and faulted and at places are intruded by igneous rocks associated with the Andean uplift.
Rough estimates based on available data indicate that the largest coal resources, about 10 billion metric tons, are in Columbia. Resources in Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, and Chile are estimated at more than 1 billion metric tons for each country, and in Argentina and Peru, resources amount to more than 250 million metric tons for each country. Detailed geologic investigations are needed to provide a basis for more meaningful estimates.
During 1973, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico each produced more than 3 million metric tons, dominantly of bituminous coal. Imported coal consisted almost entirely of low-volatile bituminous coal, which was blended with domestic coal to manufacture coke. Very little coal was exported.
Coal resources in Central America
Authors: Bohnenberger Otto H. , Dengo Gabriel 
Published: April 2013

A review of the available information on carbonaceous sedimentary rocks in the republics of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama reveals the presence of coal and lignite beds, but no commercial production has been developed in any of these countries. The oldest coal beds, with thicknesses up to 2.5 m, crop out in central Honduras in at least six localities. They are interbeds in the argillaceous Triassic-Jurassic(?) El Plan Formation. This unit is strongly folded and faulted and in some places is intruded by dioritic plutons. The outcrops—in Yoro Department, Honduras—appear to be less deformed.
In west-central Guatemala, near the border with Chiapas State, Mexico, coal beds are reported that possibly are correlatable with the El Plan Formation. Thin lignite beds in Cretaceous carbonate rocks in Guatemala do not seem to be important.
In Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, many different lignite beds, some more than 1 m thick, are reported in argillaceous and sandy Miocene strata. In Panama, these lignite beds occur in the Gatún Formation, whereas in the Izabal region of Guatemala, they are associated with beds of Miocene to Pliocene age. In most places, these Tertiary rocks are folded and faulted. They were evaluated in Izabal by a private mining company in 1968. Associated with sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin and probably of Pliocene to Pleistocene age, many thin lignite beds of local extent are found in intermontane basins of the volcanic provinces of the Central American countries. Only a few localities could attain importance for mining for local consumption.
ANALYSIS OF PEAK PRESSURE, MAXIMAL FORCE, AND CONTACT AREA CHANGES DURING WALKING AND RUNNING WITH CONVENTIONAL AND SHOCK-ABSORBING INSOLES IN THE COMBAT BOOTS OF THE CZECH ARMY
Authors: GERYCH DAVID , TVRZNIK ALES , PROKESOVA EVA , NEMECKOVA ZUZANA , JELEN KAREL 
Published: April 2013

The aim of this study was to determine changes of peak pressure, maximal force, and contact area in five foot regions with two different insoles during walking and running, thereby obtaining data contributing to optimization of footwear and reduction of lower leg injury.Twenty-six male soldiers participated in the study. Peak pressure, maximal force, and contact area were measured in five foot regions (lateral and medial heel, midfoot, lateral and medial forefoot, big toe, and toes 2, 3, 4, and 5) with two different insoles (conventional vs. custom molded shock-absorbing insoles) during a walking speed of 5 km/h and running speeds of 8 and 12 km/h using the Pedar-X tensometric system (Novel, St. Paul, MN). Measurements revealed that the shock-absorbing insoles significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the peak pressures in heel and forefoot region and increased the contact area in the midfoot region which indicates a successful redistribution of forces that arise during the contact phase in walking and running. Shock-absorbing insoles hence may contribute to better plantar pressure distribution during walking and running, and effectively prevent lower leg injuries.
Platelet and endothelial activation in catastrophic and quiescent antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Bontadi Agnese , Falcinelli Emanuela , Giannini Silvia , Marturano Alessandro , Tonello Marta , Hoxha Ariela , Pengo Vittorio , Punzi Leonardo , Momi Stefania , Gresele Paolo , Ruffatti Amelia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) seem to induce a prothrombotic state by activating endothelium and platelets, but no studies have evaluated systematically the effects of aPL from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in quiescent versus catastrophic phase. Our aims were to evaluate the in vitro effects on platelet activation of anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies isolated from APS patient in either quiescent or catastrophic phase and to investigate ex vivo platelet and endothelial activation in patients with quiescent or catastrophic APS. Anti-β2GPI antibodies were isolated from plasma of a pregnant woman in two different stages of APS (quiescent and catastrophic, respectively). They were co-incubated with washed platelets from healthy controls that were then challenged with TRAP-6 (thrombin receptor activating peptide 6) and the expression of P-selectin (P-sel) on platelets was assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, plasma samples from six patients with quiescent, four with catastrophic APS and 10 controls were assessed for several markers of platelet and endothelial activation. The results showed that purified anti-β2GPI antibodies co-incubated with platelets enhanced TRAP-6-induced platelet P-sel expression. Notably, anti-β2GPI antibodies isolated during the catastrophic phase enhanced platelet P-sel expression more than antibodies isolated from the same patient in the quiescent stage of disease. Moreover, APS patients had significantly higher plasma levels of soluble (s) Psel, sCD40 ligand, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 than control subjects. In addition, sP-sel and von Willebrand factor activity were significantly higher during catastrophic than in quiescent phase.
The Financial Value of Fellowship Training in Otolaryngology
Authors: Hull Benjamin P. , Darrow David H. , Derkay Craig S. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the financial impact of pursuing a fellowship in otolaryngology.Study DesignRetrospective financial analysis using American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery survey data.Subjects and MethodsThe American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery report, entitled Socioeconomic Study among Members April 2011, gives a financial profile of respondents who reported their primary area of specialization as either general otolaryngology or a specific area of subspecialization. Weighted averages were calculated from the reported data. The weighted averages were used to calculate a net present value (NPV) over a 30‐year contiguous career.ResultsThe NPV for general otolaryngology was $4.73 million. The NPV for the following subspecialties in relation to general otolaryngology were (in hundred thousands) as follows: otolaryngologic allergy (−$1153), sleep medicine (−$677), otology/neurotology (−$339), laryngology (−$288), head and neck (−$191), pediatric otolaryngology (−$176), facial plastic surgery (−$139), skull base surgery ($122), rhinology ($285), and allergy and immunology ($350). Ninety‐four percent of general otolaryngology respondents were in private practice. Most subspecialists worked in an academic setting.ConclusionFellowship training in otolaryngology will affect career earnings of prospective fellows. The overall financial impact of fellowship training, calculating in the delay in receiving a full clinical salary, should be factored into the decision to pursue fellowship training.
The Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap (SCAIF) for Head and Neck Reconstruction: Surgical Technique and Refinements
Authors: Granzow Jay W. , Suliman Ahmed , Roostaeian Jason , Perry Adam , Boyd J. Brian 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveWe have found the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) to be a reliable, first‐line tool for the reconstruction of complex head and neck defects. Here, we review our technique of flap elevation and summarize the current literature citing important contributions in the evolution of this flap.Data SourcesMedline literature review of supraclavicular artery island flap or shoulder flap in head and neck reconstruction with particular emphasis on developments within the past 5 years.Review MethodsLiterature review of technique, indications, anatomy, modification, and outcomes of the supraclavicular artery island flap.ConclusionThe supraclavicular artery island flap is an important and reliable option in head and neck reconstruction. We use the flap routinely in our practice as a first‐line technique when fasciocutaneous soft‐tissue reconstruction is required, and we provide a detailed summary of the flap elevation and inset.Implications for PracticeThe supraclavicular artery island flap is a safe, reliable, technically simple, sensate, thin, pliable fasciocutaneous regional flap option that has low morbidity. It provides sensate, single‐stage reconstruction for a variety of head and neck defects and should be considered as a first‐line option in head and neck reconstruction.
A novel syndrome of congenital sideroblastic anemia, B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD)
Authors: Wiseman Daniel H. , May Alison , Jolles Stephen , Connor Philip , Powell Colin , Heeney Matthew M. , Giardina Patricia J. , Klaassen Robert J. , Chakraborty Pranesh , Geraghty Michael T. , Major-Cook Nathalie , Kannengiesser Caroline , Thuret Isabelle , Thompson Alexis A. , Marques Laura , Hughes Stephen , Bonney Denise K. , Bottomley Sylvia S. , Fleming Mark D. , Wynn Robert F. 
Published: April 2013

Key PointsA novel clinical syndrome of CSA, B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay is described. Bone marrow transplant resulted in complete and durable resolution of the hematologic and immunologic manifestations.
Integration of mate pair sequences to improve shotgun assemblies of flow-sorted chromosome arms of hexaploid wheat
Authors: Belova Tatiana , Zhan Bujie , Wright Jonathan , Caccamo Mario , Asp Torben , Šimková Hana , Kent Matthew , Bendixen Christian , Panitz Frank , Lien Sigbjørn , Doležel Jaroslav , Olsen Odd-Arne , Sandve Simen R 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The assembly of the bread wheat genome sequence is challenging due to allohexaploidy and extreme repeat content (>80%). Isolation of single chromosome arms by flow sorting can be used to overcome the polyploidy problem, but the repeat content cause extreme assembly fragmentation even at a single chromosome level. Long jump paired sequencing data (mate pairs) can help reduce assembly fragmentation by joining multiple contigs into single scaffolds. The aim of this work was to assess how mate pair data generated from multiple displacement amplified DNA of flow-sorted chromosomes affect assembly fragmentation of shotgun assemblies of the wheat chromosomes.

Results
Three mate pair (MP) libraries (2 Kb, 3 Kb, and 5 Kb) were sequenced to a total coverage of 89x and 64x for the short and long arm of chromosome 7B, respectively. Scaffolding using SSPACE improved the 7B assembly contiguity and decreased gene space fragmentation, but the degree of improvement was greatly affected by scaffolding stringency applied. At the lowest stringency the assembly N50 increased by ~7 fold, while at the highest stringency N50 was only increased by ~1.5 fold. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between estimated scaffold reliability and scaffold assembly stringency was observed. A 7BS scaffold assembly with reduced MP coverage proved that assembly contiguity was affected only to a small degree down to ~50% of the original coverage.

Conclusion
The effect of MP data integration into pair end shotgun assemblies of wheat chromosome was moderate; possibly due to poor contig assembly contiguity, the extreme repeat content of wheat, and the use of amplified chromosomal DNA for MP library construction.
Adalimumab for orbital myositis in a patient with Crohn’s disease who discontinued infliximab: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Verma Sanam , Kroeker Karen I , Fedorak Richard N 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Orbital myositis is a rare extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Seventeen cases of Crohn’s disease associated orbital myositis and 3 cases of ulcerative colitis associated orbital myositis have been reported in the published literature since 1970. We report the use of adalimumab (Abbott, Canada, Inc.) for orbital myositis in a patient with Crohn’s disease who discontinued infliximab (Janssen, Canada, Inc.) and review of the published literature.

Case presentation
A 35 year-old male with a 7-year history of Crohn’s disease was treated with an ileocolonic resection and re-anastomosis followed by infliximab which maintained full endoscopic and clinical remission for four years. After stopping the infliximab for infusion-related reactions he presented with 3-day history of severe right eye pain, pain with ocular movement, proptosis, and conjunctival injection. He had no intestinal symptoms and endoscopic assessment revealed no active luminal disease. CT of the orbit revealed an enlarged right medial rectus muscle with tendonous involvement and a diagnosis of orbital myositis was made. Treatment with 80 mg per day prednisone with tapering dose and adalimumab, induction and maintenance, resulted in rapid resolution of the orbital myositis and ocular symptoms with no recurrences on follow-up at 10 months.

Conclusions
The current case demonstrates a rare extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn’s disease, orbital myositis, and its temporal relationship to the discontinuance of infliximab therapy and its successful treatment, without recurrence with tapering prednisone and adalimumab.