bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall safety profile of boceprevir plus peginterferon alfa‐2b and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1: a combined analysis of 3 phase 2/3 clinical trials
Authors: Manns Michael P. , McCone Jonathan , Davis Mitchell N. , Rossaro Lorenzo , Schiff Eugene , Shiffman Mitchel L. , Bacon Bruce , Bourliere Marc , Sulkowski Mark S. , Bruno Savino , Balart Luis , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Kwo Paul , Poordad Fred , Felizarta Franco , Reddy K. Rajender , Helmond Frans A. , Sings Heather L. , Pedicone Lisa D. , Burroughs Margaret , Brass Clifford A. , Albrecht Janice K. , Vierling John M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsTriple therapy with peginterferon/ribavirin (PR) plus an NS3 protease inhibitor has emerged as the standard‐of‐care for patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype‐1. We provide a detailed safety analysis comparing PR to boceprevir plus PR (BOC/PR) across three phase 2/3 studies.MethodsSPRINT‐1 was an open‐label phase 2 study in 595 treatment‐naive patients. In the two phase 3 studies, 1500 patients (1097 treatment‐naive, SPRINT‐2; 403 treatment‐failure, RESPOND‐2) were randomized to receive PR alone, or one of two regimens where BOC was added to PR after a 4‐wk PR lead‐in. In this analysis, the respective BOC/PR and PR arms were combined for all three trials. The benefit of shortened duration of treatment using response‐guided therapy (RGT) was also explored in the SPRINT‐2 trial.ResultsOnly two adverse events, anaemia and dysgeusia, occurred 20% more often with the BOC‐containing regimens compared with PR. Nausea, diarrhoea and neutropenia were the only other common events with an incidence of at least 5% greater when BOC was added to the PR backbone. The proportions of patients reporting serious adverse events (AE), life‐threatening AEs, and study drug discontinuation because of an AE were similar in the PR and BOC/PR arms. In treatment‐naive patients, RGT generally did not result in a lower frequency of common AEs; however, RGT led to decreased exposure to all 3 study drugs and to a decrease in the mean duration of several clinically relevant AEs such as anaemia, neutropenia, fatigue and depression, as well as earlier normalization of haemoglobin and neutrophil counts.ConclusionsThe safety profile of BOC combination therapy largely reflects the known profile of peginterferon and ribavirin, with incremental haematolgical effects and dysgeusia. Shorter treatment duration with RGT significantly reduced the duration of AEs.
New metric of microhabitat complexity predicts species richness on a rocky shore
Authors: Meager Justin J. , Schlacher Thomas A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMost habitat complexity–species diversity relationships are specific to the habitat type, taxonomic group and spatial scale investigated. There is a need for a biologically relevant metric of habitat complexity that is transferable across systems and scales. Here, we introduce a novel metric of landscape microhabitat complexity that may overcome such constraints. It is scaled to the size of individual organisms and it numerically captures structural elements of the habitat that are biologically relevant to individuals. Our model ecosystem to develop this metric was a rocky shore in Eastern Australia. Here species richness of invertebrates was linked to habitat complexity quantified by the new metric. Importantly, measurements made at the scale of the organism predicted species richness at the landscape scale. Testing the generality of this approach across different systems may prove useful in a broader conservation biology context.
The contribution of rare species to coastal phytoplankton assemblages
Authors: Ignatiades Lydia , Gotsis‐Skretas Olympia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAnalysis of quantitative and qualitative composition of rare phytoplankton species was performed using a data set collected over a large geographic area (four eutrophic gulfs of the Aegean Sea, E. Mediterranean Sea) during 2002–2003. We examined the effects of excluding rare species on comparisons of species richness, diversity, similarity and niche breadth as well as the regional and seasonal contribution of rare species to cell abundance and carbon biomass. Overall, the total of 401 species included 182 rare species contributing 45.1% of the total species number. However, there was a considerable variation in this relationship among the other parameters, as rare species contributed only 6.4% of total cell abundance, 13.1% of total species diversity, 21.2% of total cell biovolume and 16.6% of total carbon biomass. The results showed that rarity may be a significant issue in studies detecting and quantifying phytoplankton community structure.
The cooperative roles of PHO80‐like cyclins in regulating the G1/S transition and posterior cytoskeletal morphogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Liu Yi , Hu Huiqing , Li Ziyin 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) represent the fundamental, crucial regulators of the cell division cycle in eukaryotes. Trypanosoma brucei expresses a large number of cyclins and Cdc2‐related kinases (CRKs). However, how these cyclins and CRKs cooperate to regulate cell cycle progression remains poorly understood. Here, we carry out directional yeast two‐hybrid assays to identify the interactions between the 10 cyclins and the 11 CRKs and detect a total of 26 cyclin–CRK pairs, among which 20 pairs are new. Our current efforts are focused on four PHO80‐like cyclins, CYC2, CYC4, CYC5 and CYC7, and their physical and functional interactions with CRK1. Silencing of the four cyclins and CRK1 leads to the increase of G1 cells and defective DNA replication, suggesting their important roles in promoting the G1/S transition. Additionally, CYC2‐, CYC7‐ and CRK1‐deficient cells possess an elongated posterior that is filled with newly assembled microtubules. Further, we show that the four cyclins display distinct subcellular localizations and half‐lives, suggesting that they likely undergo distinct regulation. Altogether, our results demonstrate the involvement of four CRK1‐associated cyclins, CYC2, CYC4, CYC5 and CYC7, in promoting the G1/S transition and the requirement of CYC2 and CYC7 in maintaining posterior cytoskeletal morphogenesis during the G1/S transition.
Ghrelin signaling in the gut, its physiological properties, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Avau B. , Carbone F. , Tack J. , Depoortere I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin, an orexigenic hormone secreted from the stomach, was soon after its discovery hypothesized to be a prokinetic agent, due to its homology to motilin. Studies in animals and humans, using ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists, confirmed this hypothesis, suggesting a therapeutic potential for the ghrelin receptor in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Precilinical studies demonstrated that ghrelin can act directly on ghrelin receptors on the enteric nervous system, but the predominant route of action under physiological circumstances is signaling via the vagus nerve in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the pelvic nerves in the colon. Different pharmaceutical companies have designed stable ghrelin mimetics that revealed promising results in trials for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis and post‐operative ileus. Nevertheless, no drug was able to reach the market so far, facing problems proving superiority over placebo treatment in larger trials.PurposeThis review aims to summarize the road that led to the current knowledge concerning the prokinetic properties of ghrelin with a focus on the therapeutic potential of ghrelin receptor agonists in the treatment of hypomotility disorders. In addition, we outline some of the problems that could be at the basis of the negative outcome of the trials with ghrelin agonists and question whether the right target groups were selected. It is clear that a new approach is needed to develop marketable drugs with this class of gastroprokinetic agents.
Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression?
Authors: Dinan T. G. , Cryan J. F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThere is a growing awareness of the potential for microbiota to influence gut‐brain communication in health and disease. A variety of strategies have been used to study the impact of the microbiota on brain function and these include antibiotic use, probiotic treatments, fecal microbiota transplantation, gastrointestinal infection studies, and germ‐free studies. All of these approaches provide evidence to support the view that the microbiota can influence brain chemistry and consequently behavior. Efforts are now turning to investigate the role of microbiota in animal models of psychopathology. Animal models of depression are thus essential in studying the complex interplay between the microbiota and brain. Recent studies published in this Journal and elsewhere demonstrate that there is a distinct perturbation of the composition of gut microbiota in animal models of depression and chronic stress. This has direct implications for the development of psychobiotic‐based therapeutic strategies for psychiatric disorders. Moreover, given that affective co‐morbidities, such as major depression and anxiety states, are common in patients presenting with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it may have implications for functional bowel disorders also. Further studies require appropriately phenotyped patients with depression and/or IBS using a judicious use of techniques including functional imaging and in depth microbial pyrosequencing.
Pass the passport! Geographies of the Rugby World Cup 2011
Authors: Overton John , Murray Warwick E. , Heitger Jo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe Rugby World Cup, held in New Zealand in 2011, was a showcase for a rapidly globalising sport involving competition between twenty national teams, comprising over 600 players. This paper analyses the geography of the players’ team affiliations and reveals patterns of labour mobility that disrupt and render complex concepts and definitions of ‘national’ identity. We see that the dominance of professional rugby, particularly by European clubs, is concentrating player resources and revenue generation in ways that suggest an evolving core–periphery relationship. We suggest that the players themselves exercise agency by finding, manipulating and exploiting cracks and opportunities in the complex regulatory framework of the sport. We build a case for a research agenda that maps out these geographies of rugby and traces their implications for understandings of identity and the political economy of globalising sport.
Vulnerability of pastoral farming in Hawke's Bay to future climate change: Development of a pre‐screening (bottom‐up) methodology
Authors: Fowler Anthony M. , Aiken Simon , Maree Kim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough future climate change will significantly affect New Zealand's climate, how regional climates will be changed remains highly uncertain. As a consequence, pre‐screening sensitivity analysis is recommended for climate‐sensitive activities. A ‘bottom‐up’ approach intended to serve this purpose in the context of non‐irrigated pasture is developed and demonstrated in the Hawke's Bay context. This is achieved using a simple daily water balance model to simulate near‐surface hydrological processes and empirical relationships between transpiration and pasture dry matter production. The Hawke's Bay case study indicates that the methodology has merit and is worthwhile pursuing nationally (with refinements).
Spatial dimensions of New Zealand's environmental management
Authors: McNeill Jeffrey , Cheyne Christine , Summers Rachel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNew Zealand's regional council boundaries drawn as part of the 1989 local government reforms privilege integrated catchment management. This privilege is now challenged by calls to both fragment and amalgamate councils and centralise decision‐making but with little analytic assessment of the spatial differentiation to support them. The spatial underpinnings of these calls were explored using a case study that assessed the spatial dimensions of environment management. Analysis of the Land Environments and River Environment Classification databases and councils' planning documents highlights challenges local governments face in applying integrated natural resource management within single purpose jurisdictions and implications for wider sustainable development policy.
Global divides: Deconstructing the way we see the world should not be left to senior geography
Authors: Tallon Rachel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTerms such as ‘Third World/First World’, ‘Developing/Developed’ are still in common usage despite many commentators and educators signalling that they are inadequate. Using empirical evidence from research in New Zealand, this paper discusses how these dividing terms may be under stress among young people who seek new ways of learning about places and people. In conceptualising the South Pacific, terms like ‘developing world’ may be challenged by young people. Debating these terms at all levels of education is important and should not merely be left to tertiary levels.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test for unconcentrated urine from adult patients with pneumonia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Horita Nobuyuki , Miyazawa Naoki , Kojima Ryota , Kimura Naoko , Inoue Miyo , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStudies on the sensitivity and specificity of the Binax Now Streptococcus pneumonia urinary antigen test (index test) show considerable variance of results. Those written in English provided sufficient original data to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the index test using unconcentrated urine to identify S. pneumoniae infection in adults with pneumonia. Reference tests were conducted with at least one culture and/or smear. We estimated sensitivity and two specificities. One was the specificity evaluated using only patients with pneumonia of identified other aetiologies (‘specificity (other)’). The other was the specificity evaluated based on both patients with pneumonia of unknown aetiology and those with pneumonia of other aetiologies (‘specificity (unknown and other)’) using a fixed model for meta‐analysis. We found 10 articles involving 2315 patients. The analysis of 10 studies involving 399 patients yielded a pooled sensitivity of 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.71–0.79) without heterogeneity or publication bias. The analysis of six studies involving 258 patients yielded a pooled specificity (other) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–0.98) without no heterogeneity or publication bias. We attempted to conduct a meta‐analysis with the 10 studies involving 1916 patients to estimate specificity (unknown and other), but it remained unclear due to moderate heterogeneity and possible publication bias. In our meta‐analysis, sensitivity of the index test was moderate and specificity (other) was high; however, the specificity (unknown and other) remained unclear.
Godless Jews and Secular Christians: A Commentary on Gil Anidjar's “Jesus and Monotheism”
Authors: Zakin Emily 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResponding to Gil Anidjar's “Jesus and Monotheism” and its posing of the “Christian Question,” in this paper I return to Freud's Moses and Monotheism and its narrative of Jewish self‐division. In highlighting the retroactive formation of identity, I note both its temporal dimension and the force of exclusivity it generates. This reading suggests a contrast between such theo‐political communities, with their legacies of affiliation, and Christian self‐absolution (the refusal of constitutive self‐division) with its image of a new man. I take a brief detour through Marx and Schmitt to examine the founding structures of secular modernity and the entanglement of liberalism with Christianity. Pursuing a hint offered by Anidjar that Christianity is not quite a tradition, I conclude that for Freud, the “Christian question” emerges as a kind of enigma: the dream of a community divorced from human modes of transmission, unbound by legacies of filiation to the past, and replacing the collective memory of a people with the end of human collectivity.
Drive between Brain and Subject: An Immanent Critique of Lacanian Neuropsychoanalysis
Authors: Johnston Adrian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDespite Jacques Lacan's somewhat deserved reputation as an adamant antinaturalist, his teachings, when read carefully to the letter, should not be construed as categorically hostile to any and every possible interfacing of psychoanalysis and biology. In recent years, several authors, including myself, have begun exploring the implications of reinterpreting Lacan's corpus on the basis of questions concerning naturalism, materialism, realism, and the position of analysis with respect to the sciences of today. Herein, I focus primarily on the efforts of analyst François Ansermet and neuroscientist Pierre Magistretti to forge a specifically Lacanian variant of neuropsychoanalysis (as distinct from Anglo‐American variants). Taking up Ansermet and Magistretti's interlinked theories of drive (Trieb) and autonomous subjectivity, I develop an immanent critique of their project. Doing so in a manner that is intended to acknowledge and preserve this neuropsychoanalytic duo's significant insights and contributions, I seek to bring into sharper relief the exact set of necessary, as well as sufficient, conditions for what Ansermet, Magistretti, and I all are commonly pursuing: an account of the genesis of denaturalized subjects out of embodied libidinal economies, itself situated within the framework of a nonreductive, quasi‐naturalist materialism synthesizing resources drawn from psychoanalysis, neurobiology, and philosophy.
When Mental States Matter, When They Don't, and What That Means for Morality
Authors: Young Liane , Tsoi Lily 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResearch has shown that moral judgments depend on the capacity to engage in mental state reasoning. In this article, we will first review behavioral and neural evidence for the role of mental states (e.g., people's beliefs, desires, intentions) in judgments of right and wrong. Second, we will consider cases where mental states appear at first to matter less (i.e., when people assign moral blame for accidents and when explicit information about mental states is missing). Third, we will consider cases where mental states, in fact, matter less, specifically, in cases of “purity” violations (e.g., committing incest, consuming taboo foods). We will discuss how and why mental states do not matter equivalently across the multi‐dimensional space of morality. In the fourth section of this article, we will elaborate on the possibility that norms against harmful actions and norms against “impure” actions serve distinct functions – for regulating interpersonal interactions (i.e., harm) versus for protecting the self (i.e., purity). In the fifth and final section, we will speculate on possible differences in how we represent and reason about other people's mental states versus our own beliefs and intentions. In addressing these issues, we aim to provide insight into the complex structure and distinct functions of mental state reasoning and moral cognition. We conclude that mental state reasoning allows us to make sense of other moral agents in order to understand their past actions, to predict their future behavior, and to evaluate them as potential friends or foes.
Obsessional Whiteness and the Unpaid Debt of Apartheid
Authors: Truscott Ross 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper considers post‐apartheid South African Whiteness from a psychoanalytic perspective. A point of focus is Samantha Vice's controversial and much debated recent article on the ethical quandaries of post‐apartheid White privilege, “How Do I Live in this Strange Place?”, which is read alongside J.M. Coetzee's essay, “The Mind of Apartheid”, written in the early 1990s on the brink of South Africa's transition. Coetzee used a Freudian framework of obsessional neurosis to highlight what he saw as the libidinal economy of apartheid, suggesting that apartheid policies were not only or even primarily aimed at consolidating White material privilege; they were, rather, in Coetzee's view, a set of measures designed to preserve the purity of the White social body from contamination. What the juxtaposition of Coetzee and Vice suggests is that, while the stain of South African Whiteness has shifted or been displaced, post‐apartheid White antiracism, exemplified in the critical discourse Vice elaborates, remains as obsessional, as concerned with keeping the White social body clean, pure, as apartheid thinking. The paper then concludes by considering the usefulness, but also, crucially, the limits of psychoanalysis as a critical frame for interrogating the continuities between apartheid and the new South Africa.
Capitalising on Spatiality in European Transport Corridors
Authors: Witte Patrick , Van Oort Frank , Wiegmans Bart , Spit Tejo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAfter half a century of corridor development in Europe, the corridor concept is well‐established in the academic discourse on transportation. Transport corridors have also been common practice in European transport policy since the creation of a borderless Europe in the 1990s. What is largely lacking in present‐day research on European transport corridors is a consideration of a sector‐transcendent and comprehensive spatial approach. We argue that adopting such an approach is beneficial to a valued analysis of European transport corridors, especially in the light of EU cohesion policy, agglomeration effects and place‐based development. Also, negative external effects of persisting bottlenecks on welfare and quality of life in transport corridors should be better assessed and contextualised. This paper therefore suggests that policy can and should capitalise more on spatiality in corridors.
Linking Time Geography and Activity Theory to Support the Activities of Mobile Information Seekers
Authors: Crease Paul , Reichenbacher Tumasch 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMobile geographic information seeking systems are often employed to support spatial activities in an unfamiliar geographic environment. However, current systems are unable to incorporate the spatio‐temporal constraints of these activities in order to support this information seeking. This article describes a methodology addressing the nature of these spatio‐temporal activities that has the potential to contribute solutions to this problem. A key element of this approach is the awareness that both the planning and acting phases must be considered in supporting such activities. This means the development of plans that can be amended ad‐hoc, whilst still adhering to the spatio‐temporal constraints of the activity. The results of such an approach are the ability for a more descriptive representation of a spatio‐temporal activity, which can then be used to support spatio‐temporal accessibility analyses and disclose geographic information objects that are no longer accessible to the mobile information seeker. The introduction of these spatio‐temporal constraints also allows the mobile information seeker to build up an itinerary that adheres to the given spatio‐temporal constraints of the activity.