bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jump-Squat Performance and Its Relationship With Relative Training Intensity in High-Level Athletes
Authors: Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , Ortega-Becerra Manuel A. , González-Badillo Juan J. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:To examine the relationship between the relative load in full squats and the height achieved in jump-squat (JS) exercises and to determine the load that maximizes the power output of high-level athletes.Method:Fifty-one male high-level track-and-field athletes (age 25.2 ± 4.4 y, weight 77. ± 6.2 kg, height 179.9 ± 5.6 cm) who competed in sprinting and jumping events took part in the study. Full-squat 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) and JS height (JH) with loads from 17 to 97 kg were measured in 2 sessions separated by 48 h.Results:Individual regression analyses showed that JH (R2 = .992 ± .005) and the jump decrease (JD) that each load produced with respect to the unloaded countermovement jump (CMJ) (R2 = .992 ± 0.007) are highly correlated with the full-squat %1-RM, which means that training intensities can be prescribed using JH and JD values. The authors also found that the load that maximizes JS’s power output was 0%RM (ie, unloaded CMJ).Conclusions:These results highlight the close relationship between JS performance and relative training intensity in terms of %1-RM. The authors also observed that the load that maximizes power output was 0%1-RM. Monitoring jump height during JS training could help coaches and athletes determine and optimize their training loads.
A Comparative Study Between the Wingate and Force–Velocity Anaerobic Cycling Tests: Effect of Physical Fitness
Authors: Jaafar Hamdi , Rouis Majdi , Attiogbé Elvis , Vandewalle Henry , Driss Tarak 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:To verify the hypothesis that the peak power (PP) of a Wingate test (WT) is an underestimation of maximal power (Pmax) computed from the force–velocity test (FVT), to examine possible fatigue effect on Pmax, and to investigate the effect of load on mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) during a WT in trained and recreational men.Methods:Ten recreational (22.9 ± 1.7 y, 1.81 ± 0.06 m, 73.3 ± 10.4 kg) and 10 highly trained subjects (22.7 ± 1.4 y, 1.85 ± 0.05 m, 78.9 ± 6.6 kg) performed 2 WTs with 2 loads (8.7% and 11% of body mass [BM]) and an FVT on the same cycle ergometer, in randomized order.Results:Optimal load was equal to 10% BM in recreational participants. Given the quadratic relationship between load and power, the underestimation of Pmax was lower than 10% for the average values of trained and recreational participants with both loads. However, PP with a load equal to 8.7% BM was a large underestimation (~30%) of Pmax in the most powerful individuals. In addition, PP was not greater than Pmax of FVT for the same load. FI was independent of the load only if it was expressed relative to PP. The optimal load for MP during WT was close to the optimal load for PP.Conclusions:The optimal load for WT performance should be approximately equal to 10% BM in recreational subjects. In powerful subjects, the FVT appears to be more appropriate in assessing maximal power, and loads higher than 11% BM should be verified for the WT.
Colonization of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and NDM-1-Producing Enterobacteriaceae among Pregnant Women in the Community in a Low-Income Country: a Potential Reservoir for Transmission of Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae to Neonates
Authors: Chereau Fanny , Herindrainy Perlinot , Garin Benoit , Huynh Bich-Tram , Randrianirina Frederique , Padget Michael , Piola Patrice , Guillemot Didier , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The spread of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(ESBL-PE) in low-income countries, where the burden of neonatal sepsis is high, may have a serious impact on neonatal mortality rates. Given the potential for mother-to-child transmission of multiresistant bacteria, this study investigated the ESBL-PE rectal colonization among pregnant women at delivery in the community in Madagascar and estimated a prevalence of 18.5% (95% confidence interval, 14.5% to 22.6%). One strain of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolated was also a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producer.
Commensal Streptococci Serve as a Reservoir for β-Lactam Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Jensen Anders , Valdórsson Oskar , Frimodt-Møller Niels , Hollingshead Susan , Kilian Mogens 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and middle ear infections. The incidence of
S. pneumoniae
isolates that are not susceptible to penicillin has risen worldwide and may be above 20% in some countries. Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in pneumococci is associated with significant sequence polymorphism in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Commensal streptococci, especially
S. mitis
and
S. oralis
, have been identified as putative donors of mutated gene fragments. However, no studies have compared sequences of the involved
pbp
genes in large collections of commensal streptococci with those of
S. pneumoniae
. We therefore investigated the sequence diversity of the transpeptidase region of the three
pbp
genes,
pbp2x
,
pbp2b
, and
pbp1a
in 107, 96, and 88 susceptible and nonsusceptible strains of commensal streptococci, respectively, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels to determine to what extent homologous recombination between commensal streptococci and
S. pneumoniae
plays a role in the development of beta-lactam resistance in
S. pneumoniae
. In contrast to pneumococci, extensive sequence variation in the transpeptidase region of
pbp2x
,
pbp2b
, and
pbp1a
was observed in both susceptible and nonsusceptible strains of commensal streptococci, conceivably reflecting the genetic diversity of the many evolutionary lineages of commensal streptococci combined with the recombination events occurring with intra- and interspecies homologues. Our data support the notion that resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in pneumococci is due to sequences acquired from commensal Mitis group streptococci, especially
S. mitis
. However, several amino acid alterations previously linked to beta-lactam resistance in pneumococci appear to represent species signatures of the donor strain rather than being causal of resistance.
Clinical and Microbiologic Analysis of the Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Chong Yong Pil , Park Ki-Ho , Kim Eun Sil , Kim Mi-Na , Kim Sung-Han , Lee Sang-Oh , Choi Sang-Ho , Jeong Jin-Yong , Woo Jun Hee , Kim Yang Soo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of the heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate
Staphylococcus aureus
(hVISA) phenotype among methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) blood isolates can reach 38%. hVISA bacteremia is known to be associated with vancomycin treatment failure, including persistent bacteremia. We conducted this study to evaluate risk factors for 12-week mortality in patients with hVISA bacteremia through a detailed clinical and microbiological analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with
S. aureus
bacteremia. All isolates were collected on the first day of bacteremia and subjected to population analysis profiling for hVISA detection, genotyping, and PCR analysis for 39 virulence factors. Of 382 patient with MRSA bacteremia, 121 (32%) had hVISA bacteremia. Deceased patients were more likely to have hematologic malignancy (
P
= 0.033), ultimately or rapidly fatal disease (
P
= 0.007), and a higher Pitt bacteremia score (
P
= 0.010) than surviving patients. The sequence type 239 (ST239) clonal type and definitive linezolid treatment were associated with a trend toward reduced mortality (
P
= 0.061 and 0.072, respectively), but a high vancomycin MIC (≥2 mg/liter) was not associated with increased mortality (
P
= 0.368). In a multivariate analysis, ultimately or rapidly fatal disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 6.85) and a high Pitt bacteremia score (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.48) were independent risk factors for mortality. Hematologic malignancy was associated with a trend toward increased mortality (
P
= 0.094), and ST239 was associated with a trend toward reduced mortality (
P
= 0.095). Our study suggests that ST239 hVISA is a possible predictor of survival in hVISA bacteremia.
Ceftazidime-Avibactam Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated in U.S. Medical Centers in 2012 and 2013
Authors: Sader Helio S. , Castanheira Mariana , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Flamm Robert K. , Farrell David J. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates (
n
= 3,902) from 75 U.S. medical centers were tested against ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents by the reference broth microdilution method. Overall, 96.9% of the strains were susceptible (MIC, ≤8 μg/ml) to ceftazidime-avibactam, while the rates of susceptibility for ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam were 83.8, 81.9, and 78.5%, respectively. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant phenotypes were observed in 14.9 and 8.7% of the strains, respectively, and 81.0 and 73.7% of the strains were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of Neurospora crassa Strain FGSC 73
Authors: Baker Scott E. , Schackwitz Wendy , Lipzen Anna , Martin Joel , Haridas Sajeet , LaButti Kurt , Grigoriev Igor V. , Simmons Blake A. , McCluskey Kevin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the elucidation of the complete genome of the
Neurospora crassa
(Shear and Dodge) strain FGSC 73, a
mat-a
,
trp-3
mutant strain. The genome sequence around the idiotypic mating type locus represents the only publicly available sequence for a
mat-a
strain. 40.42 Megabases are assembled into 358 scaffolds carrying 11,978 gene models.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Actinobacterium Kibdelosporangium sp. MJ126-NF4, Producer of Type II Polyketide Azicemicins, Using Illumina and PacBio Technologies
Authors: Ogasawara Yasushi , Torrez-Martinez Norah , Aragon Anthony D. , Yackley Benjamin J. , Weber Jessica A. , Sundararajan Anitha , Ramaraj Thiruvarangan , Edwards Jeremy S. , Melançon Charles E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Here, we report the high-quality draft genome sequence of actinobacterium Kibdelosporangium sp. MJ126-NF4, producer of the type II polyketide azicemicins, obtained using Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. The 11.75-Mbp genome contains >11,000 genes and 22 polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural product gene clusters.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Tomato Mottle Mosaic Virus Isolate from the United States
Authors: Fillmer Kornelia , Adkins Scott , Pongam Patchara , D’Elia Tom 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Tomato mottle mosaic virus was recently reported from the United States following its original description from Mexico as a novel
Tobamovirus
species. We present the first complete genome sequence of a tomato mottle mosaic virus isolate from the United States.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of 14 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clinical Isolates with an Ambiguous K Serogroup
Authors: Ronholm J. , Petronella N. , Kenwell R. , Banerjee S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is a bacterial pathogen responsible for mild to severe gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia resulting from the ingestion or handling of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequences and annotations of 14 Canadian
V. parahaemolyticus
clinical isolates that were serologically identified as K group II using polyvalent antisera but were not specifically K serogrouped using monovalent antisera.
Inactivation of the Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Cathelicidin LL-37 by Aspartic Proteases Produced by the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Rapala-Kozik Maria , Bochenska Oliwia , Zawrotniak Marcin , Wolak Natalia , Trebacz Grzegorz , Gogol Mariusz , Ostrowska Dominika , Aoki Wataru , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kozik Andrzej 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Constant cross talk between
Candida albicans
yeast cells and their human host determines the outcome of fungal colonization and, eventually, the progress of infectious disease (candidiasis). An effective weapon used by
C. albicans
to cope with the host defense system is the release of 10 distinct secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs). Here, we validate a hypothesis that neutrophils and epithelial cells use the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 to inactivate
C. albicans
at sites of candidal infection and that
C. albicans
uses SAPs to effectively degrade LL-37. LL-37 is cleaved into multiple products by SAP1 to -4, SAP8, and SAP9, and this proteolytic processing is correlated with the gradual decrease in the antifungal activity of LL-37. Moreover, a major intermediate of LL-37 cleavage—the LL-25 peptide—is antifungal but devoid of the immunomodulatory properties of LL-37. In contrast to LL-37, LL-25 did not affect the generation of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils upon treatment with phorbol esters. Stimulating neutrophils with LL-25 (rather than LL-37) significantly decreased calcium flux and interleukin-8 production, resulting in lower chemotactic activity of the peptide against neutrophils, which may decrease the recruitment of neutrophils to infection foci. LL-25 also lost the function of LL-37 as an inhibitor of neutrophil apoptosis, thereby reducing the life span of these defense cells. This study indicates that
C. albicans
can effectively use aspartic proteases to destroy the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of LL-37, thus enabling the pathogen to survive and propagate.
Methenyl-Dephosphotetrahydromethanopterin Is a Regulatory Signal for Acclimation to Changes in Substrate Availability in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1
Authors: Martinez-Gomez N. Cecilia , Good Nathan M. , Lidstrom Mary E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

During an environmental perturbation, the survival of a cell and its response to the perturbation depend on both the robustness and functionality of the metabolic network. The regulatory mechanisms that allow the facultative methylotrophic bacterium
Methylobacterium extorquens
AM1 to effect the metabolic transition from succinate to methanol growth are not well understood. Methenyl-dephosphotetrahydromethanopterin (methenyl-dH
4
MPT), an early intermediate during methanol metabolism, transiently accumulated 7- to 11-fold after addition of methanol to a succinate-limited culture. This accumulation partially inhibited the activity of the methylene-H
4
MPT dehydrogenase, MtdA, restricting carbon flux to the assimilation cycles. A strain overexpressing the gene (
mch
) encoding the enzyme that consumes methenyl-dH
4
MPT did not accumulate methenyl-dH
4
MPT and had a growth rate that was 2.7-fold lower than that of the wild type. This growth defect demonstrates the physiological relevance of this enzymatic regulatory mechanism during the acclimation period. Changes in metabolites and enzymatic activities were analyzed in the strain overexpressing
mch
. Under these conditions, the activity of the enzyme coupling formaldehyde with dH
4
MPT (Fae) remained constant, with concomitant formaldehyde accumulation. Release of methenyl-dH
4
MPT regulation did not affect the induction of the serine cycle enzyme activities immediately after methanol addition, but after 1 h, the activity of these enzymes decreased, likely due to the toxicity of formaldehyde accumulation. Our results support the hypothesis that in a changing environment, the transient accumulation of methenyl-dH
4
MPT and inhibition of MtdA activity are strategies that permit flexibility and acclimation of the metabolic network while preventing the accumulation of the toxic compound formaldehyde.

IMPORTANCE
The identification and characterization of regulatory mechanisms for methylotrophy are in the early stages. We report a nontranscriptional regulatory mechanism that was found to operate as an immediate response for acclimation during changes in substrate availability. Methenyl-dH
4
MPT, an early intermediate during methanol oxidation, reversibly inhibits the methylene-H
4
MPT dehydrogenase, MtdA, when
Methylobacterium extorquens
is challenged to switch from succinate to methanol growth. Bypassing this regulatory mechanism causes formaldehyde to accumulate. Fae, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of formaldehyde to methylene-dH
4
MPT, was also identified as another potential regulatory target using this strategy. The results herein further our understanding of the complex regulatory network in methylotrophy and will allow us to improve metabolic engineering strategies of methylotrophs for the production of value-added products.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sports Activity in Middle Age
Authors: Marijon Eloi , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Reinier Kyndaron , Teodorescu Carmen , Narayanan Kumar , Jouven Xavier , Gunson Karen , Jui Jonathan , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: April 2015

Background—
Sports-associated sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) occur mostly during middle age. We sought to determine the burden, characteristics, and outcomes of SCA during sports among middle-aged residents of a large US community.

Methods and Results—

Patients with SCA who were 35 to 65 years of age were identified in a large, prospective, population-based study (2002–2013), with systematic and comprehensive assessment of their lifetime medical history. Of the 1247 SCA cases, 63 (5%) occurred during sports activities at a mean age of 51.1±8.8 years, yielding an incidence of 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 8.1–35.4) per 1 million per year. The incidence varied significantly by sex, with a higher incidence among men (relative risk, 18.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.50–139.56) for sports SCAs compared with all other SCAs (relative risk 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 2.12–3.13). Sports SCA was also more likely to be a witnessed event (87% versus 53%;
P
<0.001) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (44% versus 25%;
P
=0.001) and ventricular fibrillation (84% versus 51%;
P
<0.0001). Survival to hospital discharge was higher for sports-associated SCA (23.2% versus 13.6%;
P
=0.04). Sports SCA cases presented with known preexisting cardiac disease in 16% and ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors in 56%, and overall, 36% of cases had typical cardiovascular symptoms during the week preceding the SCA.

Conclusions—
Sports-associated SCA in middle age represents a relatively small proportion of the overall SCA burden, reinforcing the idea of the high-benefit, low-risk nature of sports activity. Especially in light of current population aging trends, our findings emphasize that targeted education could maximize both safety and acceptance of sports activity in the older athlete.
Rapid Context-based Identification of Target Sounds in an Auditory Scene
Authors: Gamble Marissa L. , Woldorff Marty G. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To make sense of our dynamic and complex auditory environment, we must be able to parse the sensory input into usable parts and pick out relevant sounds from all the potentially distracting auditory information. Although it is unclear exactly how we accomplish this difficult task, Gamble and Woldorff [Gamble, M. L., & Woldorff, M. G. The temporal cascade of neural processes underlying target detection and attentional processing during auditory search. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 2014] recently reported an ERP study of an auditory target-search task in a temporally and spatially distributed, rapidly presented, auditory scene. They reported an early, differential, bilateral activation (beginning at 60 msec) between feature-deviating target stimuli and physically equivalent feature-deviating nontargets, reflecting a rapid target detection process. This was followed shortly later (at 130 msec) by the lateralized N2ac ERP activation, that reflects the focusing of auditory spatial attention toward the target sound and parallels the attentional-shifting processes widely studied in vision. Here we directly examined the early, bilateral, target-selective effect to better understand its nature and functional role. Participants listened to midline-presented sounds that included target and nontarget stimuli that were randomly either embedded in a brief rapid stream or presented alone. The results indicate that this early bilateral effect results from a template for the target that utilizes its feature deviancy within a stream to enable rapid identification. Moreover, individual-differences analysis showed that the size of this effect was larger for participants with faster RTs. The findings support the hypothesis that our auditory attentional systems can implement and utilize a context-based relational template for a target sound, making use of additional auditory information in the environment when needing to rapidly detect a relevant sound.
Early Visual Word Processing Is Flexible: Evidence from Spatiotemporal Brain Dynamics
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Davis Matthew H. , Pulvermüller Friedemann , Hauk Olaf 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Visual word recognition is often described as automatic, but the functional locus of top–down effects is still a matter of debate. Do task demands modulate how information is retrieved, or only how it is used? We used EEG/MEG recordings to assess whether, when, and how task contexts modify early retrieval of specific psycholinguistic information in occipitotemporal cortex, an area likely to contribute to early stages of visual word processing. Using a parametric approach, we analyzed the spatiotemporal response patterns of occipitotemporal cortex for orthographic, lexical, and semantic variables in three psycholinguistic tasks: silent reading, lexical decision, and semantic decision. Task modulation of word frequency and imageability effects occurred simultaneously in ventral occipitotemporal regions—in the vicinity of the putative visual word form area—around 160 msec, following task effects on orthographic typicality around 100 msec. Frequency and typicality also produced task-independent effects in anterior temporal lobe regions after 200 msec. The early task modulation for several specific psycholinguistic variables indicates that occipitotemporal areas integrate perceptual input with prior knowledge in a task-dependent manner. Still, later task-independent effects in anterior temporal lobes suggest that word recognition eventually leads to retrieval of semantic information irrespective of task demands. We conclude that even a highly overlearned visual task like word recognition should be described as flexible rather than automatic.
Response to Rafael Rodríguez, ‘Jesus as his Friends Remembered Him
Authors: Allison Dale C. 
Published: April 2015

This article responds to Raphael Rodríguez's discussion of my book, Constructing Jesus.
For the most part, his appreciative description of my contribution and aims is accurate. Three points, however, call for further clarification. The first has to do with the extent to which human memory is reliable—I am less sanguine than is Rodríguez—and the ways in which modern cognitive studies should affect Jesus research. The second concerns whether or not my method can be formalized—I do not think it can be—and thus commended to others. The third has to do with the larger goals of my volume, which are misunderstood if one fails to see that the book quite consciously restricts itself to a small number of topics.