bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Hacohen Yael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article discusses common principles in diagnosing and managing autoimmune neurologic conditions in children.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The key to improving outcomes in all patients with autoimmune neurologic diseases is making an early diagnosis, promptly initiating treatment, and identifying patients who will benefit from long-term maintenance treatment. Some neuroinflammatory syndromes can be diagnosed with an antibody biomarker (eg, aquaporin-4 antibodies, N-methyl-d-aspartate [NMDA] receptor antibodies), whereas others require clinical diagnostic criteria (eg, multiple sclerosis, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome). A proportion of children will be labeled as seronegative, and further investigations for other inflammatory or monogenetic etiologies need to be carried out in parallel with treating the central nervous system inflammation. Time to treatment and treatment escalation were shown to correlate with outcomes in many patients with these disorders. The choice and duration of treatment should be evaluated considering side effects and risks in the short and long terms. The presence of a highly inflammatory disease process in children supports the use of highly effective disease-modifying therapies in pediatrics.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
The phenotypes of pediatric autoimmune neurologic conditions may change across different age groups, as the brain is still actively developing. In general, the presentation in children is more inflammatory, but overall disability is lower, likely because of better neuroplasticity and repair. Convincing evidence has increasingly emerged to support the biological rationale that effective immunosuppressive therapies used in adult neuroimmunology are equally effective in children.
The Effectiveness of Virtual and Augmented Reality in Surgical Pain Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Levit Tal , Grzela Patrick , Lavoie Declan C.T. , Wang Li , Agarwal Aashna , Couban Rachel J. , Shanthanna Harsha 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Satisfactory management of postoperative pain remains challenging. Nonpharmacological modalities such as virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) offer potential benefits and are becoming increasingly popular. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of VR/AR interventions on postoperative pain and recovery.

METHODS:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to July 27, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in English, evaluating the use of VR/AR interventions for surgical pain relief. Study selection and data extraction were performed by pairs of reviewers independently and in duplicate, and potential risk of bias was determined using the Risk of Bias-version 2 (RoB 2) tool. Our outcomes included pain relief, reduction of anxiety, satisfaction, and adverse effects. Due to substantial heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis without meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
We included 35 trials among 2257 citations, categorized as surgery (n = 12), minor procedures (n = 15), and postoperative physiotherapy (n = 8). Surgical group included various surgeries, with 11 using immersive VR predominantly in the postoperative period, and most reporting no differences in pain, but potential for reduced anxiety and sedation requirements. In the minor procedures group, most studies reported decreased pain and anxiety during the procedural performance. Two studies reported increased heart rate, while 2 others reported better hemodynamic stability. Home-based AR physiotherapy achieved (n = 6) similar pain and functional outcomes after knee replacement, with 1 large study (n = 306) reporting reduction of mean costs by $2745 for provision of 12 weeks physiotherapy. There were some concerns around potential bias for most studies, as the nature of interventions make it challenging to blind assessors and participants. No important adverse effects were noted using VR/AR technology.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence from RCTs indicates that the use of immersive VR during minor procedures may reduce procedural pain, decrease anxiety, and improve satisfaction. However, small studies, inconsistent effect, and variation in the application of interventions are important limitations. Evidence to support the application of AR/VR for major surgeries is limited and needs to be further investigated. Use of home-based physiotherapy with AR likely has economic advantages, and facilitates virtual care for appropriate patients who can access and use the technology safely.
Turkey vultures tune their airspeed to changing air density
Authors: Rader Jonathan A. , Hedrick Tyson L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Animals must tune their physical performance to changing environmental conditions, and the breadth of environmental tolerance may contribute to delineating the geographic range of a species. A common environmental challenge that flying animals face is the reduction of air density at high elevation and the reduction in the effectiveness of lift production that accompanies it. As a species, turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) inhabit a &gt;3000 m elevation range, and fly considerably higher, necessitating that they accommodate for a 27% change in air density (0.890 to 1.227 kg m−3) through behavior, physiology or biomechanics. We predicted that birds flying at high elevation would maintain aerodynamic lift performance behaviorally via higher flight speeds, rather than increases in power output or local phenotypic adaptation. We used three-dimensional videography to track turkey vultures flying at three elevations, and data supported the hypothesized negative relationship between median airspeed and air density. Additionally, neither the ratio of horizontal speed to sinking speed nor flapping behavior varied with air density.
Palmitoylethanolamide Does Not Affect Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Males
Authors: SCHOUTEN MONIEK , DALLE SEBASTIAAN , COSTAMAGNA DOMIZIANA , RAMAEKERS MONIQUE , BOGAERTS STIJN , VAN THIENEN RUUD , PEERS KOEN , THOMIS MARTINE , KOPPO KATRIEN 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Strenuous eccentric exercise (EE) induces microstructural muscle damage, which decreases muscle performance. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in clinical pain conditions and preclinical models of experimentally induced inflammation. This might hold clues for improved recovery from EE. Therefore, the current study evaluates the effect of PEA supplementation on functional and molecular responses to a single EE bout.

Methods
Eleven healthy male participants were included in a double-blind crossover study in which they received PEA (350 mg Levagen+) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplements, in a randomized order. In each experimental condition, participants performed an acute bout of EE (24 × 10 eccentric contractions of the knee extensors on an isokinetic dynamometer). At baseline, 24 (D1), 48 (D2), 72 (D3), and 120 h (D5) following EE, maximal voluntary contraction and jump height were measured. Blood samples were collected at baseline and on D1–D5, and muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and on D2. Perceived muscle soreness, sleep quality, and food intake were recorded daily.

Results
Muscle strength and jump height decreased following EE (up to ~40% and ~17%, respectively; P
time < 0.05) in both conditions. This drop was accompanied by an increase in plasma creatine kinase and perceived muscle soreness (P
time < 0.05). Furthermore, EE, but not PEA, increased the expression of the myogenic marker Pax7 and of the catabolic markers p-FoxO1-3a, p62, and LC3BII/I (P
time < 0.05).

Conclusions
PEA supplementation does not improve muscle soreness, muscle strength, and jump performance following a single EE bout. In addition, PEA supplementation had no effect on local or systemic markers of muscle damage, catabolism, or regeneration.
Collagen Peptide Supplementation during Training Does Not Further Increase Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates
Authors: KIRMSE MARIUS , LOTTMANN THEO M. , VOLK NICOLA R. , DE MARÉES MARKUS , HOLWERDA ANDREW M. , VAN LOON LUC J. C. , PLATEN PETRA 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Protein supplementation increases postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, supports exercise-induced muscle conditioning. Collagen protein has been suggested as the preferred protein source to stimulate muscle connective protein synthesis rates during recovery from exercise. Here we assessed the effects of hydrolyzed collagen peptide supplementation on both myofibrillar as well as muscle connective protein synthesis rates during 1 wk of strenuous resistance exercise training.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 25 young men (24 ± 3 yr, 76.9 ± 6.4 kg) were selected to perform 1 wk of intense resistance–type exercise training. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups receiving either 15 g hydrolyzed collagen peptides (COL) or a noncaloric placebo (PLA) twice daily during the intervention. Subjects were administered deuterated water (2H2O) daily, with blood and skeletal muscle tissue samples being collected before and after the intervention to determine daily myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates.

Results
Post-absorptive plasma glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline concentrations increased following collagen peptide supplementation (P < 0.05) and showed higher levels when compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Daily muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the intervention period exceeded myofibrillar protein synthesis rates (1.99 ± 0.38 vs 1.34 ± 0.23%·d−1, respectively; P < 0.001). Collagen peptide supplementation did not result in higher myofibrillar or muscle connective protein synthesis rates (1.34 ± 0.19 and 1.97 ± 0.47%·d−1, respectively) when compared with the placebo group (1.34 ± 0.27 and 2.00 ± 0.27%·d−1, respectively; P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Collagen peptide supplementation (2 × 15 g daily) does not increase myofibrillar or muscle connective protein synthesis rates during 1 wk of intense resistance exercise training in young, recreational athletes.
Varus Thrust Assessment Identified Responders to Quadriceps Exercise in Individuals at Risk of or with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: IIJIMA HIROTAKA , AOYAMA TOMOKI 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Identification of responders/nonresponders to unsupervised therapeutic exercise represents a critical challenge toward establishment of tailored self-management at home. Focusing on visualized varus thrust during gait as a possible effect moderator, this study determined whether and how varus thrust influences the therapeutic effects of home-based quadriceps exercise in individuals at increased risk of, or with, established knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
This study is a secondary subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial (n = 50). Varus thrust at baseline was assessed via recorded gait movie. Analysis of covariance and subsequent mediation analysis were used to determine whether and how varus thrust influences the therapeutic effect of home-based quadriceps exercise after adjustment for covariates. To address the possible distinct impact of varus thrust on unsupervised and supervised exercise, the results were cross-checked with previous supervised exercise cohort using a meta-analysis.

Results
Individuals without varus thrust displayed greater and clinically meaningful pain relief after exercise after adjustment for covariates. The greater pain relief in individuals without varus thrust was attributed, at least partly, to an improvement in knee flexion range of motion. Notably, the meta-analysis revealed that unsupervised and supervised exercise programs induce consistent and clinically meaningful pain reduction in individuals without varus thrust.

Conclusions
Varus thrust is a robust effect moderator of the pain-reducing effect of quadriceps exercise. Furthermore, greater pain reduction may be a function of improvement of knee flexion range of motion. These studies provide evidence that varus thrust assessment represents valuable approach to identify responders/nonresponders to quadriceps exercise even for unsupervised protocol at their home environment.
Research on Data-driven Urban Intelligent Monitoring and Old City Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yi 
Published: August 2024

As the global urbanization process is further accelerating, the number of urban people is also steadily increasing. With the continuous growth of the urban population, the use of various functional facilities in the city is gradually becoming saturated, which seriously restricts the development of the city. Therefore, real-time perception and prediction of the operational status of various functional urban facilities, as well as environmental safety monitoring in the city, are of great significance for improving the functionality and livability of the city. In complex urban environments, multi-source data is interrelated, and the noise reduction of multi-source data and the integration of this correlation still face great challenges. At the same time, how to apply urban intelligent monitoring in the reconstruction of old cities is rarely mentioned. Based on the above problems, this paper proposes a data noise reduction model based on a wavelet algorithm and combines it with the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) multi-source data fusion structure proposed in this paper to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an urban intelligent monitoring model. Then, the author constructed a data-driven urban safety environment monitoring model and a multi-source data-based urban congestion monitoring model, which have good experimental results and certain practical value. At the end of the paper, the author briefly discussed the application of the smart city monitoring model in the reconstruction of old cities, hoping to provide certain guidance for further integration in the future.
Periprosthetic joint infection of the hip
Authors: Kennedy Ian W. , Sinnerton Robert , Jeyakumar Gowsikan , Kane Nicholas , Young David , Meek R. M. D. 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe number of revision arthroplasties being performed in the elderly is expected to rise, including revision for infection. The primary aim of this study was to measure the treatment success rate for octogenarians undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared to a younger cohort. Secondary outcomes were complications and mortality.MethodsPatients undergoing one- or two-stage revision of a primary THA for PJI between January 2008 and January 2021 were identified. Age, sex, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), McPherson systemic host grade, and causative organism were collated for all patients. PJI was classified as ‘confirmed’, ‘likely’, or ‘unlikely’ according to the 2021 European Bone and Joint Infection Society criteria. Primary outcomes were complications, reoperation, re-revision, and successful treatment of PJI. A total of 37 patients aged 80 years or older and 120 patients aged under 80 years were identified. The octogenarian group had a significantly lower BMI and significantly higher CCI and McPherson systemic host grades compared to the younger cohort.ResultsThe majority of patients were planned to undergo two-stage revision, although a significantly higher proportion of the octogenarians did not proceed with the second stage (38.7% (n = 12) vs 14.8% (n = 16); p = 0.003). Although there was some evidence of a lower complication rate in the younger cohort, this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.065). No significant difference in reoperation (21.6% (n = 8) vs 25.0% (n = 30); p = 0.675) or re-revision rate (8.1% (n = 3) vs 16.7% (n = 20); p = 0.288) was identified between the groups. There was no difference in treatment success between groups (octogenarian 89.2% (n = 33) vs control 82.5% (n = 99); p = 0.444).ConclusionWhen compared to a younger cohort, octogenarians did not show a significant difference in complication, re-revision, or treatment success rates. However, given they are less likely to be eligible to proceed with second stage revision, consideration should be given to either single-stage revision or use of an articulated spacer to maximize functional outcomes.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):802–807.
Factors associated with joint survival after transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum in patients with Tönnis grade 2 osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Fujii Masanori , Kawano Syunsuke , Ueno Masaya , Nagamine Satomi , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and factors contributing to failure of transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA), a type of spherical periacetabular osteotomy, for advanced osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia.MethodsWe reviewed patients with Tönnis grade 2 osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia who underwent TOA between November 1998 and December 2019. Patient demographic details, osteotomy-related complications, and the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) were obtained via medical notes review. Radiological indicators of hip dysplasia were assessed using preoperative and postoperative radiographs. The cumulative probability of TOA failure (progression to Tönnis grade 3 or conversion to total hip arthroplasty) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limited method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of failure.ResultsThis study included 127 patients (137 hips). Median follow-up period was ten years (IQR 6 to 15). The median mHHS improved from 59 (IQR 52 to 70) preoperatively to 90 (IQR 73 to 96) at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The survival rate was 90% (95% CI 82 to 95) at ten years, decreasing to 21% (95% CI 7 to 48) at 20 years. Fair joint congruity on preoperative hip abduction radiographs and a decreased postoperative anterior wall index (AWI) were identified as independent risk factors for failure. The survival rate for the 42 hips with good preoperative joint congruity and a postoperative AWI ≥ 0.30 was 100% at ten years, and remained at 83% (95% CI 38 to 98) at 20 years.ConclusionAlthough the overall clinical outcomes of TOA in patients with advanced osteoarthritis are suboptimal, favourable results can be achieved in selected cases with good preoperative joint congruity and adequate postoperative anterior acetabular coverage.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(8):783–791.
Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission: erratum
Authors: Reduzzi M. , Pini M. , Mai L. , Cappenberg F. , Colaizzi L. , Vismarra F. , Crego A. , Lucchini M. , Brahms C. , Travers J. C. , Borrego Varillas R. , Nisoli M. 
Published: August 2024

An erratum is presented to include the correct upper horizontal axis in Fig. 3 in our published manuscript [“Direct temporal characterization of sub-3-fs deep UV pulses generated by resonant dispersive wave emission” Opt. Express 31, 26854 (2023).10.1364/OE.494879
Spatial distribution of pregnancy and early motherhood among late adolescent girls in Ethiopia using data from the Ethiopia Demographics and Health Survey 2019: Spatial and multilevel analyses
Authors: Assimamaw Nega Tezera , Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Techane Masresha Asmare , Wubneh Chalachew Adugna , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Tamir Tadesse Tarik , Muhye Addis Bilal , Kassie Destaye Guadie , Wondim Amare , Terefe Bewuketu , Tarekegn Bethelihem Tigabu , Ali Mohammed Seid , Fentie Beletech , Gonete Almaz Tefera , Tekeba Berhan , Kassa Selam Fisiha , Desta Bogale Kassahun , Ayele Amare Demsie , Dessie Melkamu Tilahun , Atalell Kendalem Asmare 
Published: August 2024

Background
Various governmental and non-governmental organizations in Ethiopia are striving to decrease adolescent pregnancy by enacting laws against early marriage, developing a national youth and adolescent reproductive health strategy, legalizing abortion, and developing an HIV/AIDS policy for youth; however, the issue of teenage pregnancy& early motherhood remains a major concern.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographics and Health Survey (EDHS) in 2019. A total sample of 2210 adolescents was included in our study. Spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and spatial interpolation were used to observe significant spatial variation and clustering and to predict the prevalence of pregnancy in an unsampled area among adolescent girls in Ethiopia; a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated with a 95% confidence interval, and the variables with a p-value 0.05 in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression were determined to be statistically significant.

Results
Global spatial autocorrelation analyses showed that the spatial distribution of late-adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood varied across Ethiopia (the Global Moran’s Index I value showed GMI = 0.014, P 0.001). The spatial distribution revealed a high cluster (hot spot) of late-adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood in most parts of Gambella, Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, the eastern part of Oromia, and Somalia. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, being 17 years old (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.54–7.59), 18 years old (AOR = 14.92; 95% CI: 6.78–32.8), and 19 years old (AOR = 8.44; 95% CI: 4.06, 17.56), married (AOR = 25.38; 95% CI: 15.33, 42.02), having completed primary, secondary, and higher education (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21–0.95), and being at Gambela (AOR = 3.64; 95% CI: 1.04, 12.75) were significant predictors of late adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood.

Conclusion
Overall, the prevalence of late-adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood was found to be high. At the individual level, marital status, educational attainment, and age of adolescents were significant predictors of pregnancy and early motherhood, and regions were found at a community level associated with pregnancy and early motherhood among late adolescents. Therefore, late-adolescent girls should be educated about menstruation, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and contraceptives before they reach early adolescence.