bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 silencing inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lv Yang-Fan , Yan Guang-Ning , Meng Gang , Zhang Xi , Guo Qiao-Nan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) methyltransferase is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which acts as a transcription repressor via the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). EZH2 has been recognised as an oncogene in several types of tumors; however, its role in osteosarcoma has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we show that EZH2 silencing inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma by facilitating re-expression of the imprinting gene tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 3 (TSSC3). Our previous study showed that TSSC3 acts as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. In this study, we found that EZH2 was abnormally elevated in osteosarcoma and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in osteosarcoma. Silencing of EZH2 resulted in tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis and chemosensitivity enhancement. Moreover, suppression of EZH2 markedly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, EZH2 knockdown facilitated the re-expression of TSSC3 by reducing H3K27me3 in the promoter region. Cotransfection with siEZH2 and siTSSC3 could partially reverse the ability of siEZH2 alone. We have demonstrated that EZH2 plays a crucial role in tumor growth and distant metastasis in osteosarcoma; its oncogenic role is related to its regulation of the expression of TSSC3.
Unexpected observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in Ta alloyed anatase TiO2 thin films
Authors: Sarkar T. P. , Gopinadhan K. , Motapothula M. , Saha S. , Huang Z. , Dhar S. , Patra A. , Lu W. M. , Telesio F. , Pallecchi I. , Ariando  , Marré D. , Venkatesan T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report the observation of spatially separated Kondo scattering and ferromagnetism in anatase Ta0.06Ti0.94O2 thin films as a function of thickness (10–200 nm). The Kondo behavior observed in thicker films is suppressed on decreasing thickness and vanishes below ~25 nm. In 200 nm film, transport data could be fitted to a renormalization group theory for Kondo scattering though the carrier density in this system is lower by two orders of magnitude, the magnetic entity concentration is larger by a similar magnitude and there is strong electronic correlation compared to a conventional system such as Cu with magnetic impurities. However, ferromagnetism is observed at all thicknesses with magnetic moment per unit thickness decreasing beyond 10 nm film thickness. The simultaneous presence of Kondo and ferromagnetism is explained by the spatial variation of defects from the interface to surface which results in a dominantly ferromagnetic region closer to substrate-film interface while the Kondo scattering is dominant near the surface and decreasing towards the interface. This material system enables us to study the effect of neighboring presence of two competing magnetic phenomena and the possibility for tuning them.
Pathway analysis of body mass index genome-wide association study highlights risk pathways in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Zhao Xin , Gu Jinxia , Li Ming , Xi Jie , Sun Wenyu , Song Guangmin , Liu Guiyou 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. It is reported that body mass index (BMI) is risk factor for CVD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently provided rapid insights into genetics of CVD and its risk factors. However, the specific mechanisms how BMI influences CVD risk are largely unknown. We think that BMI may influences CVD risk by shared genetic pathways. In order to confirm this view, we conducted a pathway analysis of BMI GWAS, which examined approximately 329,091 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 4763 samples. We identified 31 significant KEGG pathways. There is literature evidence supporting the involvement of GnRH signaling, vascular smooth muscle contraction, dilated cardiomyopathy, Gap junction, Wnt signaling, Calcium signaling and Chemokine signaling in CVD. Collectively, our study supports the potential role of the CVD risk pathways in BMI. BMI may influence CVD risk by the shared genetic pathways. We believe that our results may advance our understanding of BMI mechanisms in CVD.
In vitro degradation of pure Mg in response to glucose
Authors: Zeng Rong-Chang , Li Xiao-Ting , Li Shuo-Qi , Zhang Fen , Han En-Hou 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMagnesium and its alloys are promising biodegradable biomaterials but are still challenging to be used in person with high levels of blood glucose or diabetes. To date, the influence of glucose on magnesium degradation has not yet been elucidated, this issue requires more attention. Herein, we present pure Mg exhibiting different corrosion responses to saline and Hank’s solutions with different glucose contents and the degradation mechanism of pure Mg in the saline solution with glucose in comparison with mannitol as a control. On one hand, the corrosion rate of pure Mg increases with the glucose concentration in saline solutions. Glucose rapidly transforms into gluconic acid, which attacks the oxides of the metal and decreases the pH of the solution; it also promotes the absorption of chloride ions on the Mg surface and consequently accelerates corrosion. On the other hand, better corrosion resistance is obtained with increasing glucose content in Hank’s solution due to the fact that glucose coordinates Ca2+ ions in Hank’s solution and thus improves the formation of Ca-P compounds on the pure Mg surface. This finding will open up new avenues for research on the biodegradation of bio-Mg materials in general, which could yield many new and interesting results.
The equal effectiveness of different defensive strategies
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zhang Yuxin , Ma Keming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlants have evolved a variety of defensive strategies to resist herbivory, but at the interspecific level, the relative effectiveness of these strategies has been poorly evaluated. In this study, we compared the level of herbivory between species that depend on ants as indirect defenders and species that rely primarily on their own direct defenses. Using a dataset of 871 species and 1,405 data points, we found that in general, ant-associated species had levels of herbivory equal to those of species that are unattractive to ants; the pattern was unaffected by plant life form, climate and phylogenetic relationships between species. Interestingly, species that offer both food and nesting spaces for ants suffered significantly lower herbivory compared to species that offer either food or nesting spaces only or no reward for ants. A negative relationship between herbivory and latitude was detected, but the pattern can be changed by ants. These findings suggest that, at the interspecific level, the effectiveness of different defensive strategies may be equal. Considering the effects of herbivory on plant performance and fitness, the equal effectiveness of different defensive strategies may play an important role in the coexistence of various species at the community scale.
Symmetry warrants rational cooperation by co-action in Social Dilemmas
Authors: Sasidevan V. , Sinha Sitabhra 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIs it rational for selfish individuals to cooperate? The conventional answer based on analysis of games such as the Prisoners Dilemma (PD) is that it is not, even though mutual cooperation results in a better outcome for all. This incompatibility between individual rationality and collective benefit lies at the heart of questions about the evolution of cooperation, as illustrated by PD and similar games. Here, we argue that this apparent incompatibility is due to an inconsistency in the standard Nash framework for analyzing non-cooperative games and propose a new paradigm, that of the co-action equilibrium. As in the Nash solution, agents know that others are just as rational as them and taking this into account lead them to realize that others will independently adopt the same strategy, in contrast to the idea of unilateral deviation central to Nash equilibrium thinking. Co-action equilibrium results in better collective outcomes for games representing social dilemmas, with relatively “nicer” strategies being chosen by rational selfish individuals. In particular, the dilemma of PD gets resolved within this framework, suggesting that cooperation can evolve in nature as the rational outcome even for selfish agents, without having to take recourse to additional mechanisms for promoting it.
Characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNA in hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Ding Wenchao , Xin Jiaojiao , Jiang Longyan , Zhou Qian , Wu Tianzhou , Shi Dongyan , Lin Biaoyang , Li Lanjuan , Li Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a life-threatening condition and the mechanisms of its development and progression remain unclear. The aim of this study was to define the characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cell microRNAs in patients with HBV-ACLF. In this study, novel microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with HBV-ACLF were characterised by high-throughput sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed 78 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in patients with HBV-ACLF compared to patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy controls. Among patients with HBV-ACLF, 17 dysregulated miRNAs increased or decreased more than 4-fold, of which eight miRNAs had higher expression levels than median level. qRT-PCR validation demonstrated that six miRNAs (hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-143-5p, hsa-miR-374a-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p) may be useful as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of HBV-ACLF. Five novel miRNAs (L-miR-1~5) were detected and two (L-miR-1 and L-miR-3) were significantly differentially expressed in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusions: The miRNA expression profile of PBMCs is altered in patients with HBV-ACLF and a signature of six miRNAs may be a promising biomarker for HBV-ACLF progression.
Interdisciplinary collaboration in action: tracking the signal, tracing the noise
Authors: Callard Felicity , Fitzgerald Des , Woods Angela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInterdisciplinarity is often framed as an unquestioned good within and beyond the academy, one to be encouraged by funders and research institutions alike. And yet there is little research on how interdisciplinary projects actually work—and do not work—in practice, particularly within and across the social sciences and humanities. This article centres on “Hubbub”, the first interdisciplinary 2-year research residency of The Hub at Wellcome Collection, which is investigating rest and its opposites in neuroscience, mental health, the arts and the everyday. The article describes how Hubbub is tracing, capturing and reflecting on practices of interdisciplinarity across its large, dispersed team of collaborators, who work across the social sciences, humanities, arts, mind and brain sciences, and public engagement. We first describe the distinctiveness of Hubbub (a project designed for a particular space, and one in which the arts are not positioned as simply illustrating or disseminating the research of the scientists), and then outline three techniques Hubbub has developed to map interdisciplinary collaboration in the making: (1) ethnographic analysis; (2) “In the Diary Room”, an aesthetics of collaboration designed to harness and capture affective dynamics within a large, complex project; and (3) the Hubbub Collaboration Questionnaire, which yields quantitative and qualitative data, as well as a social network analysis of collaborators. We conclude by considering some themes that other interdisciplinary projects might draw on for their own logics of tracking and tracing. This article forms part of an ongoing thematic collection dedicated to interdisciplinary research.
Chronicling Long‐Term Predator Responses to a Shifting Forage Base in Chesapeake Bay: An Energetics Approach
Authors: Overton Anthony S. , Griffin Jennifer C. , Margraf F. Joseph , May Eric B. , Hartman Kyle J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe population of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Chesapeake Bay has increased significantly since the 1980s because of management efforts while the relative abundance of some key prey fish has declined since the 1970s. We examined the trophic interactions and prey consumption patterns of Striped Bass in Chesapeake Bay to determine how Striped Bass have responded to changing prey resources. Seasonal diet, growth, and thermal data were collected from 1955 to 1959, 1990 to 1992, and 1998 to 2001; these data were coupled with a bioenergetics model approach to characterize temporal patterns in prey consumption for Striped Bass. The estimates were compared across each period to build a historical prey consumption profile from 1955 to 2001. Prey consumption dynamics for Striped Bass have changed dramatically between 1955 and 2001. In general, Striped Bass in the early and late 1990s consumed less Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyranus and more Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli than during the 1950s. The largest differences in consumption were observed in the younger age‐classes. During 1998–2001, age‐1 and age‐2 Striped Bass consumed, respectively, 15.5 and 11.9 times less Atlantic Menhaden than during the 1950sand 12.2 and 7.2 less than during 1990–1992. Bay Anchovy were almost absent in the diet of bass age 3 and older during the 1950s but were consumed by the age‐3+ group during 1990–1992 and to a greater extent during 1998–2001. Age‐3+ Striped Bass during 1998–2001, on average, consumed twice as much Bay Anchovy than during 1990–1992. Blue crab Callinectes sappidus were consumed only by age 2 in the 1950s and 1990–1992 and by ages 2 and older in 1998–2001. Age‐2 bass consumed 8.8 more blue crab in 1990–1992 and 7.5 times more in 1998–2001 than during the 1950s. The patterns in the consumption of Atlantic Menhaden coincided with increased consumption of Bay Anchovy and blue crab, possibly as a result of the declines in Atlantic Menhaden relative abundance in Chesapeake Bay. The difference in consumption was also evident in the total energy consumed; age‐1 and age‐6 Striped Bass consumed 1.6 times more energy in 1955–1959 than during 1998–2001. Our research demonstrates how the elements of Striped Bass feeding, including diet composition, amount of food eaten, and consumption rates, are affected by prey resources.
Efficient enzymatic production of rebaudioside A from stevioside
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Liangliang , Li Yan , Li Yangyang , Yan Ming , Chen Kequan , Hao Ning , Xu Lin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Stevioside and rebaudioside A are the chief diterpene glycosides present in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Rebaudioside A imparts a desirable sweet taste, while stevioside produces a residual bitter aftertaste. Enzymatic synthesis of rebaudioside A from stevioside can increase the ratio of rebaudioside A to stevioside in steviol glycoside products, providing a conceivable strategy to improve the organoleptic properties of steviol glycoside products. Here, we demonstrate the efficient conversion of stevioside to rebaudioside A by coupling the activities of recombinant UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1 from S. rebaudiana and sucrose synthase AtSUS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The conversion occurred via regeneration of UDP-glucose by AtSUS1. UDP was applicable as the initial material instead of UDP-glucose for UDP-glucose recycling. The amount of UDP could be greatly reduced in the reaction mixture. Rebaudioside A yield in 30 h with 2.4 mM stevioside, 7.2 mM sucrose, and 0.006 mM UDP was 78%.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is reduced to pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2) by vitamin C, and PQQH2 produced is recycled to PQQ by air oxidation in buffer solution at pH 7.4
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Ouchi Aya , Nagaoka Shin-ichi , Nakano Masahiko , Ikemoto Kazuto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Measurements of the reaction of sodium salt of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQNa2) with vitamin C (Vit C) were performed in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4) at 25 °C under nitrogen atmosphere, using UV–vis spectrophotometry. The absorption spectrum of PQQNa2 decreased in intensity due to the reaction with Vit C and was changed to that of pyrroloquinoline quinol (PQQH2, a reduced form of PQQ). One molecule of PQQ was reduced by two molecules of Vit C producing a molecule of PQQH2 in the buffer solution. PQQH2, thus produced, was recycled to PQQ due to air oxidation. PQQ and Vit C coexist in many biological systems, such as vegetables, fruits, as well as in human tissues. The results obtained suggest that PQQ is reduced by Vit C and functions as an antioxidant in biological systems, because it has been reported that PQQH2 shows very high free-radical scavenging and singlet-oxygen quenching activities in buffer solutions.
Connective tissue adaptations in the fingers of performance sport climbers
Authors: Schreiber Tonja , Allenspach Philippe , Seifert Burkhardt , Schweizer Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the changes of the connective tissue in the fingers of performance sport climbers resulting after a minimum of 15 years of climbing. Evaluation was performed by ultrasonography on the palmar side of the fingers (Dig) II–V to measure the thickness of the A2 and A4 annular pulleys, the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) tendons and the palmar plates (PP's) of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) as well as distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in sagittal and axial direction. Totally, 31 experienced male sport climbers (mean age 37y, 30–48y grade French scale median 8b, range 7b+ to 9a+) participated in the study. The control‐group consisted of 20 male non‐climbers (age 37y, 30–51y). The A2 and A4 pulleys in climbers were all significantly thicker (A2 Dig III 62%, Dig IV 69%; A4 Dig III 69%, Dig IV 76%) as compared to non‐climbers pulleys. All PP's of the DIP joints were also significantly thicker, particularly at Dig III and IV (76 and 67%), whereas the PP's at PIP joints were only scarce significant for three joints. Differences of the diameter of the flexor tendons were less distinct (1–21%) being significant only over the middle phalanx. High load to the fingers of rock climbers after a minimum of 15 years of climbing years induced considerable connective tissue adaptions in the fingers, most distinct at the flexor tendon pulleys and joint capsule (PP) of the DIP joints and well detectable by ultrasound.
Nonlinear instability and intermittent nature of magnetic reconnection in solar chromosphere
Authors: Singh K. A. P. , Hillier Andrew , Isobe Hiroaki , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The recent observations of Singh et al. (2012, ApJ, 759, 33) have shown multiple plasma ejections and the intermittent nature of magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere, highlighting the need for fast reconnection to occur in highly collisional plasma. However, the physical process through which fast magnetic reconnection occurs in partially ionized plasma, like the solar chromosphere, is still poorly understood. It has been shown that for sufficiently high magnetic Reynolds numbers, Sweet–Parker current sheets can become unstable leading to tearing mode instability and plasmoid formation, but when dealing with a partially ionized plasma the strength of coupling between the ions and neutrals plays a fundamental role in determining the dynamics of the system. We propose that as the reconnecting current sheet thins and the tearing instability develops, plasmoid formation passes through strongly, intermediately, and weakly coupled (or decoupled) regimes, with the time scale for the tearing mode instability depending on the frictional coupling between ions and neutrals. We present calculations for the relevant time scales for fractal tearing in all three regimes. We show that as a result of the tearing mode instability and the subsequent non-linear instability due to the plasmoid-dominated reconnection, the Sweet–Parker current sheet tends to have a fractal-like structure, and when the chromospheric magnetic field is sufficiently strong the tearing instability can reach down to kinetic scales, which are hypothesized to be necessary for fast reconnection.
Effects of a media campaign on resuscitation performance of bystanders: a manikin study
Authors: Plunien Rainer , Eberhard Carolin , Dinse-Lambracht Alexander , Struck Manuel F. , Muth Claus-Martin , Winkler Bernd E. 
Published: August 2015

Objective
Cardiac arrest is associated with a poor outcome if cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is delayed. Nevertheless, CPR performance by laypersons in witnessed cardiac arrest is frequently poor. The present study evaluated the effect of a media campaign on CPR performance.

Participants and methods
CPR performance of 1000 individuals who did not have any medical background was evaluated using a resuscitation manikin. The media campaign consisted of flyers, posters, and electronic advertisement. Five hundred individuals were evaluated before the media campaign and 500 individuals after the media campaign. Age and male/female ratio were comparable within each of the groups. Premedia campaign performance was compared with postmedia campaign performance with respect to chest compressions and ventilation metrics.

Results
Chest compression depth and total compression work were significantly higher after the media campaign: median depth 51 mm postcampaign versus 45 mm precampaign (P<0.001), median cumulative compression work postcampaign 4176 versus 2462 mm precampaign (P<0.001). Tidal volumes and ventilation work were significantly lower following the media campaign, but did not differ between participants who had acknowledged exposure to the campaign and those who did not. Ventilation performance was generally poor across the two groups both before and after the media campaign.

Conclusion
A simple and cost-efficient media campaign appears to enhance the performance of chest compressions. Ventilation performance and the rate of CPR performance were not increased by the campaign.
Fulminant meningococcal supraglotittis in an immunosuppressed patient
Authors: de Asua Ignacio , Sorrentino Enrico 
Published: August 2015

Introduction:
Acute bacterial supraglotittis in adults is a distinct although rare condition that differs aetiologically and clinically from the classic paediatric form of the disease. Only a handful of cases of supraglotittis produced by Neisseria meningitidis have been described in the literature.

Case presentation:
Here, we present the first description, to the best of our knowledge, of meningococcal supraglotittis in an immunosuppressed patient, with unique features of rapidly progressive symptoms, septic shock and multiorgan compromise.

Conclusion:
In view of the recent reports describing a growing incidence of this condition in adults, increasing awareness about its clinical features, natural history and potential complications is needed to enable early recognition and optimal management of emerging cases.