bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variation buffers projected climate change impacts onPinus contorta
Authors: Oney Brian , Reineking Björn , O'Neill Gregory , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSpecies distribution modeling (SDM) is an important tool to assess the impact of global environmental change. Many species exhibit ecologically relevant intraspecific variation, and few studies have analyzed its relevance forSDM. Here, we compared threeSDMtechniques for the highly variable speciesPinus contorta. First, applying a conventionalSDMapproach, we used MaxEnt to model the subject as a single species (species model), based on presence–absence observations. Second, we used MaxEnt to model each of the three most prevalent subspecies independently and combined their projected distributions (subspecies model). Finally, we used a universal growth transfer function (UTF), an approach to incorporate intraspecific variation utilizing provenance trial tree growth data. Different model approaches performed similarly when predicting current distributions. MaxEnt model discrimination was greater (AUC– species model: 0.94, subspecies model: 0.95,UTF: 0.89), but theUTFwas better calibrated (slope and bias – species model: 1.31 and −0.58, subspecies model: 1.44 and −0.43,UTF: 1.01 and 0.04, respectively). Contrastingly, for future climatic conditions, projections of lodgepole pine habitat suitability diverged. In particular, when the species' intraspecific variability was acknowledged, the species was projected to better tolerate climatic change as related to suitable habitat without migration (subspecies model: 26% habitat loss orUTF: 24% habitat loss vs. species model: 60% habitat loss), and given unlimited migration may increase amount of suitable habitat (subspecies model: 8% habitat gain orUTF: 12% habitat gain vs. species model: 51% habitat loss) in the climatic period 2070–2100 (SRESA2 scenario,HADCM3). We conclude that models derived from within‐species data produce different and better projections, and coincide with ecological theory. Furthermore, we conclude that intraspecific variation may buffer against adverse effects of climate change. A key future research challenge lies in assessing the extent to which species can utilize intraspecific variation under rapid environmental change.
A quantitative trait locus analysis of personality in wild bighorn sheep
Authors: Poissant J. , Réale D. , Martin J.G.A. , Festa‐Bianchet M. , Coltman D.W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPersonality, the presence of persistent behav105
ioral differences among individuals over time or contexts, potentially has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, a lack of knowledge about its genetic architecture limits our ability to understand its origin, evolution, and maintenance. Here, we report on a genome‐wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for two personality traits, docility and boldness, in free‐living female bighorn sheep from Ram Mountain, Alberta, Canada. Our variance component linkage analysis based on 238 microsatellite loci genotyped in 310 pedigreed individuals identified suggestive docility and boldness QTL on sheep chromosome 2 and 6, respectively. A lack of QTL overlap indicated that genetic covariance between traits was not modulated by pleiotropic effects at a major locus and may instead result from linkage disequilibrium or pleiotropic effects at QTL of small effects. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to dissect the genetic architecture of personality in a free‐living wildlife population, an important step toward understanding the link between molecular genetic variation in personality and fitness and the evolutionary processes maintaining this variation.
Foraging by forest ants under experimental climatic warming: a test at two sites
Authors: Stuble Katharine L. , Pelini Shannon L. , Diamond Sarah E. , Fowler David A. , Dunn Robert R. , Sanders Nathan J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractClimatic warming is altering the behavior of individuals and the composition of communities. However, recent studies have shown that the impact of warming on ectotherms varies geographically: species at warmer sites where environmental temperatures are closer to their upper critical thermal limits are more likely to be negatively impacted by warming than are species inhabiting relatively cooler sites. We used a large‐scale experimental temperature manipulation to warm intact forest ant assemblages in the field and examine the impacts of chronic warming on foraging at a southern (North Carolina) and northern (Massachusetts) site in eastern North America. We examined the influence of temperature on the abundance and recruitment of foragers as well as the number of different species observed foraging. Finally, we examined the relationship between the mean temperature at which a species was found foraging and the critical thermal maximum temperature of that species, relating functional traits to behavior. We found that forager abundance and richness were related to the experimental increase in temperature at the southern site, but not the northern site. Additionally, individual species responded differently to temperature: some species foraged more under warmer conditions, whereas others foraged less. Importantly, these species‐specific responses were related to functional traits of species (at least at the Duke Forest site). Species with higher critical thermal maxima had greater forager densities at higher temperatures than did species with lower critical thermal maxima. Our results indicate that while climatic warming may alter patterns of foraging activity in predictable ways, these shifts vary among species and between sites. More southerly sites and species with lower critical thermal maxima are likely to be at greater risk to ongoing climatic warming.
Connectivity in a pond system influences migration and genetic structure in threespine stickleback
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Räsänen Katja , Holderegger Rolf , Kristjánsson Bjarni K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNeutral genetic structure of natural populations is primarily influenced by migration (the movement of individuals and, subsequently, their genes) and drift (the statistical chance of losing genetic diversity over time). Migration between populations is influenced by several factors, including individual behavior, physical barriers, and environmental heterogeneity among populations. However, drift is expected to be stronger in populations with low immigration rate and small effective population size. With the technological advancement in geological information systems and spatial analysis tools, landscape genetics now allows the development of realistic migration models and increased insight to important processes influencing diversity of natural populations. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape connectivity and genetic distance of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) inhabiting a pond complex in Belgjarskógur, Northeast Iceland. We used two landscape genetic approaches (i.e., least‐cost‐path and isolation‐by‐resistance) and asked whether gene flow, as measured by genetic distance, was more strongly associated with Euclidean distance (isolation‐by‐distance) or with landscape connectivity provided by areas prone to flooding (as indicated byCarexsp. cover)? We found substantial genetic structure across the study area, with pairwise genetic distances among populations (DPS) ranging from 0.118 to 0.488. Genetic distances among populations were more strongly correlated with least‐cost‐path and isolation‐by‐resistance than with Euclidean distance, whereas the relative contribution of isolation‐by‐resistance and Euclidian distance could not be disentangled. These results indicate that migration among stickleback populations occurs via periodically flooded areas. Overall, this study highlights the importance of transient landscape elements influencing migration and genetic structure of populations at small spatial scales.
Mapping the Spin State in Spin‐Crossover Complex Assemblies: Current‐Imaging Tunnelling Spectroscopy (CITS)
Authors: Grohmann Andreas , Haryono Marco , Student Katja , Müller Paul , Stocker Michael 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis microreview highlights recent techniques used to determine the spin state at or around room temperature in nanoscale objects composed of iron(II) spin‐crossover complexes. Complexes have been studied in the form of thin films, nanoparticles, single molecules or oligomolecular aggregates. Three approaches are presented: Surface plasmon polariton resonance in films on Ti/Au substrates, the determination of single‐particle current–voltage characteristics between gold electrodes, and current‐imaging tunnelling spectroscopy performed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite‐adsorbed strings of oligonuclear, bead‐like complex aggregates.
Inherently Chiral Resorcin[4]arenes with Urea and Amide Side Arms: Synthesis, Structure and Chiral Recognition
Authors: Wiegmann Sebastian , Fukuhara Gaku , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Inoue Yoshihisa , Mattay Jochen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractStarting from an inherently chiral aminomethyl‐substituted resorcin[4]arene, a series of urea and amide derivatives were synthesized; these new functionalities extend the macrocycle cavity and introduce new opportunities for chiral recognition. A pair of diastereomeric macrocycles was obtained by introducing (S)‐(–)‐1‐phenylethyl‐urea functionalities. Chiral recognition capabilities of the diastereomeric hosts were investigated by circular dichroism spectral titration to reveal modest R/S selectivities of up to 1.4 for mandelic acid and other related carboxylic guests.
Outlook—natural gas prices: Wall street marginally more optimistic about natural gas prices
Authors: Willett Robert E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe last time I did one of these surveys,1 the sky was falling and some were even predicting brief periods for natural gas prices equal to zero, as oil producers would not even find places to store their associated natural gas. That zero did not happen, nor did gas prices “break the buck,” but they did find their way below the two‐dollar mark.
Association between depression and anxiety on blood pressure dysregulation and pulse in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Gould Christine E. , Beaudreau Sherry A. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveExtreme blood pressure (BP) values are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, but findings from studies are conflicting. The present study tested linear and curvilinear models of the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and BP in the Health and Retirement Study. The relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and pulse was also tested.MethodParticipants were aged 50 to 104 (N = 4179) and completed the Health and Retirement Study Psychosocial Questionnaire and Physical Measurements in 2006. BP and pulse were measured using an automated cuff. The means of three BP and pulse measurements taken 45 to 60 s apart were used. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured with brief forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsOrdinal regression analyses examined the relationship between BP and anxiety and depressive symptoms. In models adjusted for medical illness and medications, anxiety was associated with systolic hypotension, and depression was associated with diastolic hypotension. Higher pulse was associated with depression but not anxiety.ConclusionsFindings suggest that BP dysregulation, specifically hypotension, may be a useful indicator of anxiety and depression. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Impact of climate change on diffuse pollutant fluxes at the watershed scale
Authors: Ahmadi Mehdi , Records Rosemary , Arabi Mazdak 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study aims to assess watershed‐scale impacts of changing climate on sediment, phosphorus, nitrogen and pesticide (atrazine) fluxes over the 21st century at the watershed scale. In particular, changes in dissolved and particulate forms of water quality constituents in response to climate change are investigated. The hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessment Tool was calibrated and evaluated in a primarily agricultural watershed in the Midwestern United States to simulate hydrologic and water quality processes on a daily basis over the 2015–2099 time horizon. The model was then driven with 112 distinct statistically downscaled climate projections representing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) low, moderate and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Projected hydrologic and water quality responses were categorized according to the three IPCC SRES emission scenarios for summarizing and synthesizing results over early‐century (2015–2034), mid‐century (2045–2064) and late‐century (2080–2099) assessment. Results revealed clear warming trends in the study area, whereas small increases in precipitation were predicted. Streamflow, sediment and total nutrient loads did not differ noticeably between assessment periods. However, the proportion of dissolved to total nutrients increased significantly from early‐century to late‐century periods. With the exception of total atrazine in the mid‐century period, predicted pollutant loads for a given assessment period did not differ between emission pathways for a given assessment period. Changes in pollutant fluxes showed pronounced monthly variability. The projected increase in readily available forms of nutrients has important implications for the ecological health of water systems and management of drinking water supplies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catchment properties, function, and conceptual model representation: is there a correspondence?
Authors: Fenicia Fabrizio , Kavetski Dmitri , Savenije Hubert H. G. , Clark Martyn P. , Schoups Gerrit , Pfister Laurent , Freer Jim 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the possible correspondence between catchment structure, as represented by perceptual hydrological models developed from fieldwork investigations, and mathematical model structures, selected on the basis of reproducing observed catchment hydrographs. Three Luxembourgish headwater catchments are considered, where previous fieldwork suggested distinct flow‐generating mechanisms and hydrological dynamics. A set of lumped conceptual model structures are hypothesized and implemented using the SUPERFLEX framework. Following parameter calibration, the model performance is examined in terms of predictive accuracy, quantification of uncertainty, and the ability to reproduce the flow–duration curve signature. Our key research question is whether differences in the performance of the conceptual model structures can be interpreted based on the dominant catchment processes suggested from fieldwork investigations. For example, we propose that the permeable bedrock and the presence of multiple aquifers in the Huewelerbach catchment may explain the superior performance of model structures with storage elements connected in parallel. Conversely, model structures with serial connections perform better in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments, which are characterized by impermeable bedrock and dominated by lateral flow. The presence of threshold dynamics in the Weierbach and Wollefsbach catchments may favour nonlinear models, while the smoother dynamics of the larger Huewelerbach catchment were suitably reproduced by linear models. It is also shown how hydrologically distinct processes can be effectively described by the same mathematical model components. Major research questions are reviewed, including the correspondence between hydrological processes at different levels of scale and how best to synthesize the experimentalist's and modeller's perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full supervised learning for osteoporosis diagnosis using micro‐CT images
Authors: Xu Yan , Li Dianshi , Chen Qinlang , Fan Yubo 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTEarly osteoporosis diagnosis is of important significance for reducing fracture risk. Image analysis provides a new perspective for noninvasive diagnosis in recent years. In this article, we propose a novel method based on machine‐learning method performed on micro‐CT images todiagnose osteoporosis. The aim of this work is to find a way to more effectively and accurately diagnose osteoporosis on which many methods have been proposed and practiced. In this method, in contrast to the previously proposed methods in which features are analyzed individually, several features are combined to build a classifier for distinguishing osteoporosis group and normal group. Twelve features consisting of two groups are involved in our research, including bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular number (Tb.N), obtained from the software of micro‐CT, and other four features from volumetric topological analysis (VTA). Support vector machine (SVM) method and k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) method are introduced to create classifiers with these features due to their excellent performances on classification. In the experiment, 200 micro‐CT images are used in which half are from osteoporosis patients and the rest are from normal people. The performance of the obtained classifiers is evaluated by precision, recall, and F‐measure. The best performance with precision of 100%, recall of 100%, and F‐measure of 100% is acquired when all the features are included. The satisfying result demonstrates that SVM and kNN are effective for diagnosing osteoporosis with micro‐CT images. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:333–341, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serious safety events: Getting to Zero™
Authors: Hoppes Michelle , Mitchell Jacque L. , Venditti Ellen Grady , Bunting, Jr. Robert F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo advance the goal of Getting to Zero and eliminating preventable harm, ASHRM is providing guidance for defining, investigating, and measuring serious safety events. The first step in this process is the recommendation for a common and standardized definition. A common definition for a serious safety event facilitates timely detection, rapid action, and future prevention. This paper outlines that definition, provides a skill‐based model for investigation, and explains a clear plan for how to conduct the investigation. A measurement system is described to determine the frequency of SSEs and comparison methods to determine events prevented, potential lives saved, and methods to demonstrate financial loss control. These methods and approach are consistent with ASHRM's core values and mission, which is safe and trusted healthcare.
TeamSTEPPS and patient safety in healthcare
Authors: Sheppard Faye , Williams Marcie , Klein Victor R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCommunication problems in healthcare are considered to be a leading cause of medical errors and often the root cause of sentinel events. This article will review the implementation of TeamSTEPPS in the two large health systems. The challenges in the implementation process, the successes, failures, and the obstacles will be discussed. Comparisons between the systems as well as lessons learned after implementation will be reviewed to enable hospitals and health systems to implement and sustain a successful TeamSTEPPS program.
Hypothermia and xenon: Novel noble guardians in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy?
Authors: Lobo N. , Yang B. , Rizvi M. , Ma Daqing 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe financial and emotional cost of caring for children affected by hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is enormous, and developing therapeutic strategies to prevent or ameliorate the severity of HI‐related brain injury remains a major priority. In the past, supportive management was the mainstay of treatment, but considerable progress has been made in identifying and developing neuroprotective strategies for neonates with HIE. The neuroprotective effects of several therapeutic modalities, including anticonvulsants, hyperbaric oxygen, and erythropoietin, have been investigated. This Mini‐Review discusses the potential of two neuroprotective agents that show the most promise thus far: xenon and therapeutic hypothermia. The pathogenesis of HIE involves more than one pathway, and intervening in multiple pathways may yield better results than interventions targeted at a single cellular level. The therapeutic benefits of xenon and hypothermia have been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo studies, both individually and in combination. With promising results being reported, it is, perhaps, only a matter of time before xenon and hypothermia become established as a standard care for neonates with HIE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of blast‐induced neurotrauma on the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Sajja Venkata Siva Sai Sujith , Galloway Matthew , Ghoddoussi Farhad , Kepsel Andrea , VandeVord Pamela 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBlast‐induced neurotrauma (BINT) leads to deterioration at the cellular level, with adverse cognitive and behavioral outcomes. The nucleus accumbens (NAC) plays an important role in reward, addiction, aggression, and fear pathways. To identify the molecular changes and pathways affected at an acute stage in the NAC, this study focused on a time course analysis to determine the effects of blast on neurochemical and apoptotic pathways. By using a rodent model of BINT, acute damage to the NAC was assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), high‐performance liquid chromatography, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. The results demonstrated ongoing neuroprotective effects from elevated levels of Bcl‐2, an antiapoptotic marker, at 24 hr and N‐acetyl aspartate glutamate at 48 hr following blast exposure. Selective loss of serotonin levels at 24 hr, increased levels of inflammation (elevated glycerophosphocholine at 48 and 72 hr), and increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein were also observed at 24 and 48 hr, leading to disruptive energy status. Furthermore, active cell death was indicated by the increased levels of the apoptotic marker Bax, decreased actin levels, and signs excitotoxicity (glutamate/creatine). In addition, increased evels of caspase‐3, an apoptotic marker, confirm active cell death in NAC. It is hypothesized that blast overpressure causes inflammation and neurochemical changes that trigger apoptosis in NAC. This cascade of events may lead to stress‐related behavioral outcomes and psychiatric sequelae. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.