bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Tuberculosis
Authors: Chatterjee Nandita 
Published: October 2014

2 month old baby presented with huge hepato-splenomegaly, ascites & pallor, , born to a mother suffering from fever and backache since last 4 months. Hypo-echoic shadows in liver, spleen and abdominal lymph nodes on USG & CT-scan and acute-on-chronic inflammation of liver by FNAC suggested Congenital Tuberculosis. Investigations in mother revealed Pulmonary Tuberculosis & Caries Spine, confirming the diagnosis of Congenital Tuberculosis in the baby. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.10910 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):144-146
Neonatal Candida Lusitaniae Septicemia
Authors: Gautam Mahesh Kumar , Li Jiang 
Published: October 2014

Neonatal candidemia is an increasing cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Most reported cases are due to Candida albicans, but non-albicans species are on the rise. Candida lusitaniae is infrequently reported opportunistic pathogen. It causes serious and fatal infection. Early diagnosis and proper antifungal therapy can prevent morbidity and mortality in premature neonates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.11161 J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):160-162
Breastfeeding Practices as Observed in Those Attending a Teaching Hospital for Perinatal Care
Authors: Anyanwu Onyinye Uchenna , Ezeonu Thecla Chinonyelum , Ezeanosike Obumneme Beniah , Okike Clifford Onuora 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: The promotion and support of breastfeeding is a global priority with benefits for maternal and infant health, especially in low-income and middle-income countries where the relevance for child survival is undisputed. Timely initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding for six months with continued breastfeeding till 2years and beyond are important aspects of breast feeding for child survival. The objective of the study was to describe the practice and perception of breast feeding amongst mothers at the post natal wards of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki.Materials and Methods: This study was a questionnaire based cross sectional view of breastfeeding practices of mothers who received perinatal care at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi, South Eastern Nigeria.Results: 16.1% initiated breastfeeding within one hour, while others initiated later for reasons like poor lactation (19.6%); too tired (15.4%); felt dirty after delivery (5.3%) and caesarean section. Exclusive breastfeeding was not the intention of 30.8% for reasons like, too demanding(15.4%); cannot satisfy baby (38.6%); spouse and relations would not accept (26.5%); Work/School schedule would not permit (13.6%). Mode of delivery and socioeconomic class were significantly associated with time of initiation. Neither maternal age nor parity significantly influenced the overall practice of breastfeeding.Conclusion: Few mothers practice correct breastfeeding in this tertiary health institution suggesting that more work to improve the knowledge and attitudes of mothers is required starting from the antenatal period.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.8788J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):90-95
Comparative Study of Diagnostic Markers in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Sonawane Vijay Baburao , Gaikwad Sonali U , Kadam Nitin N , Gavhane Jitendra 
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is one of the commonest causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The objectives of this study were intended for qualitative and quantitative analysis of diagnostic markers in neonatal sepsis.Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based study conducted over three years (Aug 2005 – Aug 2008). Hundred and sixty neonates, delivered in the hospital, having risk factors for neonatal sepsis, along with those coming to hospital with signs and symptoms of sepsis up to 28 days of life (as study group ) along with normal newborns admitted to the postnatal ward without high risk factors (control group) were enrolled for this study. Comparative study on various diagnostics markers such blood culture, CBC,CRP, IT ratio and Micro-ESR was carried out to know their sensitivity and specificity.Results: E.Coli was the most common organism responsible for sepsis. CRP was reported to be highly sensitive (84.21%), and CBC was highly specific (75.00%), IT ratio has sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 56.25% while Micro-ESR has shown sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 62.5%,Out of 160 cases, blood culture (BacTalert) showed growth in48 cases in study group while two cases in control group. Thus blood culture positivity was 60%.Conclusion: Blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of septicemia. CRP is most sensitive while CBC is most specific marker in neonatal sepsis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i2.9788J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(2):111-114
Brief Pain Inventory–Facial minimum clinically important difference
Authors: Sandhu Sukhmeet K. , Halpern Casey H. , Vakhshori Venus , Mirsaeedi-Farahani Keyvan , Farrar John T. , Lee John Y. K. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
Neurosurgeons are frequently the primary physicians measuring pain relief in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Unfortunately, the measurement of pain can be complex. The Brief Pain Inventory–Facial (BPI-Facial) is a reliable and validated multidimensional tool that consists of 18 questions. It measures 3 domains of pain: 1) pain intensity (worst and average pain intensity), 2) interference with general activities of daily living (ADL), and 3) face-specific pain interference. The objective of this paper is to determine the patient-reported minimum clinically important difference (MCID) using the BPI-Facial.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective study of 234 patients with TN seen in a single neurosurgeon's office. Patients completed baseline and 1-month follow-up BPI-Facial questionnaires. The MCID was calculated using an anchor-based approach in which the defined anchor was the 7-point patient global impression of change (PGIC). Two statistical methods were employed: mean change score and optimal cutoff point.

RESULTS
Using the mean change score method, the investigators calculated the MCID for the 3 domains of the BPIFacial: 44% and 30% improvement in pain intensity at its worst and average, respectively, 54% improvement in interference with general ADL, and 63% improvement in interference with facial ADL. Using the optimal cutoff point method, they also calculated the MCID for the 3 domains of the BPI-Facial: 57% and 28% improvement in pain intensity at its worst and average, respectively, 75% improvement in interference with general ADL, and 62% improvement in interference with facial ADL.

CONCLUSIONS
The BPI-Facial is a multidimensional pain scale that measures 3 domains of pain. Although 2 statistical methods were used to calculate the MCID, the optimal cutoff point method was the superior one because it used data from the majority of subjects included in this study. A 57% improvement in pain intensity at its worst and a 28% improvement in pain intensity at its average were the MCIDs for patients with facial pain. A greater improvement was needed to achieve the MCID for interference with general and facial ADL. A 75% improvement in interference with general ADL and a 62% improvement in interference with facial ADL were needed to achieve an MCID. While pain intensity is easier to measure, pain's interference with ADL may be more important for patient outcomes when designing or evaluating interventions in the field of TN. The BPI-Facial is a useful instrument to measure changes in multidimensional aspects of pain in patients with TN.
Myelin-forming cell-specific cadherin-19 is a marker for minimally infiltrative glioblastoma stem-like cells
Authors: Zorniak Michael , Clark Paul A. , Kuo John S. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibit stem-like properties, are highly efficient at forming tumor xenografts, and are resistant to many current therapies. Current molecular identifiers of GSCs are scarce and controversial. The authors describe differential cell-surface gene expression profiling to identify GSC-specific markers.

METHODS
Independent human GSC lines were isolated and maintained in standard neural stem cell (NSC) media and were validated for self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, and tumor initiation properties. Candidate upregulated GSCspecific plasma membrane markers were identified through differential Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Array gene expression profiling of GSCs, human NSCs (hNSCs), normal brain tissue, and primary/recurrent glioblastoma multiforme samples. Results were validated by using comparative quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of GSCs, hNSCs, normal human astrocytes, U87 glioma cell line, and patient-matched serum-cultured glioblastoma multiforme samples.

RESULTS
A candidate GSC-specific signature of 19 upregulated known and novel plasma membrane–associated genes was identified. Preferential upregulation of these plasma membrane–linked genes was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cadherin-19 (CDH19) protein expression was enhanced in minimally infiltrative GSC lines.

CONCLUSIONS
Gene expression profiling of GSCs has shown CDH19 to be an exciting new target for drug development and study of GBM tumorigenesis.
Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: effect of blood alcohol concentration on Glasgow Coma Scale score and relation to computed tomography findings
Authors: Rundhaug Nils Petter , Moen Kent Gøran , Skandsen Toril , Schirmer-Mikalsen Kari , Lund Stine B. , Hara Sozaburo , Vik Anne 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
The influence of alcohol is assumed to reduce consciousness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but research findings are divergent. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of different levels of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in patients with moderate and severe TBI and to relate the findings to brain injury severity based on the admission CT scan.

METHODS
In this cohort study, 265 patients (age range 16–70 years) who were admitted to St. Olavs University Hospital with moderate and severe TBI during a 7-year period were prospectively registered. Of these, 217 patients (82%) had measured BAC. Effects of 4 BAC groups on GCS score were examined with ordinal logistic regression analyses, and the GCS scores were inverted to give an OR > 1. The Rotterdam CT score based on admission CT scan was used to adjust for brain injury severity (best score 1 and worst score 6) by stratifying patients into 2 brain injury severity groups (Rotterdam CT scores of 1–3 and 4–6).

RESULTS
Of all patients with measured BAC, 91% had intracranial CT findings and 43% had BAC > 0 mg/dl. The median GCS score was lower in the alcohol-positive patients (6.5, interquartile range [IQR] 4–10) than in the alcohol-negative patients (9, IQR 6–13; p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative patients regarding other injury severity variables. Increasing BAC was a significant predictor of lower GCS score in a dose-dependent manner in age-adjusted analyses, with OR 2.7 (range 1.4–5.0) and 3.2 (range 1.5–6.9) for the 2 highest BAC groups (p < 0.01). Subgroup analyses showed an increasing effect of BAC group on GCS scores in patients with Rotterdam CT scores of 1–3: OR 3.1 (range 1.4–6.6) and 6.7 (range 2.7–16.7) for the 2 highest BAC groups (p < 0.01). No such relationship was found in patients with Rotterdam CT scores of 4–6 (p = 0.14–0.75).

CONCLUSIONS
Influence of alcohol significantly reduced the GCS score in a dose-dependent manner in patients with moderate and severe TBI and with Rotterdam CT scores of 1–3. In patients with Rotterdam CT scores of 4–6, and therefore more CT findings indicating increased intracranial pressure, the brain injury itself seemed to overrun the depressing effect of the alcohol on the CNS. This finding is in agreement with the assumption of many clinicians in the emergency situation.
The endoscopic endonasal approach to the odontoid and its impact on early extubation and feeding
Authors: Goldschlager Tony , Härtl Roger , Greenfield Jeffrey P. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
The gold-standard surgical approach to the odontoid is via the transoral route. This approach necessitates opening of the oropharynx and is associated with risks of infection, and swallowing and breathing complications. The endoscopic endonasal approach has the potential to reduce these complications as the oral cavity is avoided. There are fewer than 25 such cases reported to date. The authors present a consecutive, single-institution series of 9 patients who underwent the endonasal endoscopic approach to the odontoid.

METHODS
The charts of 9 patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery to the odontoid between January 2005 and August 2013 were reviewed. The clinical presentation, radiographic findings, surgical management, complications, and outcome, particularly with respect to time to extubation and feeding, were analyzed. Radiographic measurements of the distance between the back of the odontoid and the front of the cervicomedullary junction (CMJ) were calculated, as well as the location of any residual bone fragments.

RESULTS
There were 7 adult and 2 pediatric patients in this series. The mean age of the adults was 54.8 years; the pediatric patients were 7 and 14 years. There were 5 females and 4 males. The mean follow-up was 42.9 months. Symptoms were resolved or improved in all but 1 patient, who had concurrent polyneuropathy. The distance between the odontoid and CMJ increased by 2.34 ± 0.43 mm (p = 0.03). A small, clinically insignificant fragment remained after surgery, always on the left side, in 57% of patients. Mean times to extubation and oral feeding were on postoperative Days 0.3 and 1, respectively. There was one posterior cervical wound infection; there were 2 cases of epistaxis requiring repacking of the nose and no instances of breathing or swallowing complications or velopharyngeal insufficiency.

CONCLUSIONS
This series of 9 cases of endonasal endoscopic odontoidectomy highlights the advantages of the approach in permitting early extubation and early feeding and minimizing complications compared with transoral surgery. Special attention must be given to bone on the left side of the odontoid if the surgeon is standing on the right side.
Delayed cervical palsy following cervical spine fusion leads to an increase in hospital-related costs
Authors: Puffer Ross C. , Clifton William E. , Mallory Grant W. , Clarke Michelle J. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECT
Delayed cervical palsy (DCP) is a known complication following cervical spine surgery. While most DCPs eventually improve, they can result in significant temporary disability. Postoperative complications affect hospital length of stay (LOS) as well as overall hospital cost. The authors sought to determine the hospital cost of DCP after cervical spine fusion operations.

METHODS
A retrospective review of patients undergoing cervical fusion for degenerative disease at the Mayo Clinic from 2008 to 2012 was performed. Patients who developed DCPs not attributable to intraoperative trauma were included. All nonoperative-related costs were compared with similar costs in a control group matched according to age, sex, and surgical approach. All costs and services were reflective of the standard costs for the current year. Raw cost data were presented using ratios due to institutional policy against publishing cost data.

RESULTS
There were 27 patients (18 men, 9 women) who underwent fusion and developed a DCP over the study period. These patients were compared with 24 controls (15 men, 9 women) undergoing fusion in the same time period. There was no difference between patients and controls in mean age (62.4 ± 3.1 years vs 63.8 ± 2.5 years, respectively; p = 0.74), LOS (4.2 ± 3.3 days vs 3.8 ± 4.5 days, respectively; p = 0.43), or operating room–related costs (1.08 ± 0.09 vs 1.0 ± 0.07, respectively; p = 0.58). There was a significant difference in nonoperative hospital-related costs between patients and controls (1.67 ± 0.15 vs 1.0 ± 0.09, respectively; p = 0.04). There was a significantly higher utilization of postoperative imaging (CT or MRI) in the DCP group (14/27, 52%) when compared with the matched cohort (4/24, 17%; p = 0.018), and a significantly higher utilization of physiatry services (24/27 [89%] vs 15/24 [63%], respectively; p = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS
While DCPs did not significantly prolong the length of hospitalization, they did increase hospital-related costs. This method could be further extrapolated to model costs of other complications as well.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Spondias radlkoferi (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Aguilar‐Barajas Esther , Sork Victoria L. , González‐Zamora Arturo , Rocha‐Ramírez Víctor , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Oyama Ken 
Published: November 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Spondias radlkoferi to assess the impact of primate seed dispersal on the genetic diversity and structure of this important tree species of Anacardiaceae.• Methods and Results: Fourteen polymorphic loci were isolated from S. radlkoferi through 454 GS‐FLX Titanium pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. The number of alleles ranged from three to 12. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.382 to 1.00 and from 0.353 to 0.733, respectively. The amplification was also successful in S. mombin and two genera of Anacardiaceae: Rhus aromatica and Toxicodendron radicans.• Conclusions: These microsatellite loci will be useful to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of S. radlkoferi and related species, and will allow us to investigate the effects of seed dispersal by spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on the genetic structure and diversity of S. radlkoferi populations in a fragmented rainforest.
Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: Common Management Policies Among Pediatric Ophthalmologists
Authors: Dotan Gad , Nelson Leonard B. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:
To study common management policies of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNDLO) among pediatric ophthalmologists.

Methods:
A 21-question survey was sent to members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus in April 2014. The questions focused on treatment of CNLDO during the first year of life, primary and secondary surgical interventions, surgical techniques, and amblyopia assessment.

Results:
One hundred twenty-seven members completed the survey and 121 responses were analyzed after replies of 6 candidates in training were excluded. Eighty-two percent of respondents instructed caregivers to massage the nasolacrimal duct during the first year of life; however, 55% did not perform the Crigler massage in the office. Outpatient probing was done by 17% of pediatric ophthalmologists who took the survey, almost all of whom (95%) have been in practice more than 10 years. Ninety-one percent recommended surgery for CNLDO close to the age of 1 year and 79% performed probing as initial treatment at that age. If treatment is delayed to the age of 2 years, 53% favored silicone tube intubation and/or balloon dacryoplasty. Following failed probing, silicone tube intubation was performed by 51% of practitioners. Ninety-one percent of respondents routinely checked refraction of infants with CNLDO and recommended reexamination even if initial assessment was entirely normal.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the striking lack of consensus among pediatric ophthalmologists in many aspects of management of CNLDO and allows practitioners to compare their practice patterns regarding CNLDO management with those of their peers; however, because it provides only the opinions of a limited group of pediatric ophthalmologists, it does not imply that less common practices are wrong.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(1):14–19.]
Injury Characteristics in the German Professional Male Soccer Leagues After a Shortened Winter Break
Authors: Fünten Karen aus der , Faude Oliver , Lensch Jochen , Meyer Tim 
Published: November 2014

Context:
The winter break in the top 2 German professional soccer leagues was shortened from 6.5 to 3.5 weeks in the 2009–2010 season.

Objective:
To investigate whether this change affected injury characteristics by comparing the second half of the 2008–2009 (long winter break) with the equivalent period in the 2009–2010 season (short winter break).

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
German male professional soccer leagues.

Patients or Other Participants:
Seven professional German male soccer teams (184 players in the 2008–2009 season, 188 players in the 2009–2010 season).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Injury incidences and injury characteristics (cause of injury, location, severity, type, diagnosis), including their monthly distribution, were recorded.

Results:
A total of 300 time-loss injuries (2008–2009 n = 151, 2009–2010 n = 149) occurred. The overall injury incidence per 1000 soccer hours was 5.90 (95% confidence interval = 5.03, 6.82) in 2008–2009 and 6.55 (5.58, 7.69) in 2009–2010. Match injuries per 1000 hours were 31.5 (25.0, 38.0) in the first season and 26.5 (20.2, 32.7) in the second season; the corresponding training values were 2.67 (2.08–3.44) and 3.98 (3.19–4.95), respectively. The training injury incidence (incidence rate ratio = 1.49 [95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.08], P = .02) and the risk of sustaining a knee injury (incidence rate ratio = 1.66 [1.00, 2.76], P = .049) were higher in 2009–2010 after the short winter break; the incidence of moderate and severe injuries (time loss &gt;7 days) trended higher (incidence rate ratio = 1.34 [0.96, 1.86], P = .09).

Conclusions:
Shortening the winter break from 6.5 to 3.5 weeks did not change the overall injury incidence; however, a higher number of training, knee, and possibly more severe injuries (time loss &gt;7 days) occurred.