bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perseverance reduces whereas impulsivity increases the risk of reoffending
Authors: Hamatschek Marie Joséphine , Richter Melanie S. , Dahle Klaus-Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBy law, every criminal verdict describes the norm violation in question. To date, the use of this information for prognostic purposes has been standardized only for sex offenses. This study presents a content-analytic approach to the material. A theory-based coding system allows for systematic tracing of the offender’s affective and regulatory processing during norm violation, targeting the entire action sequence: initial activation affect (positive vs. negative), impulsivity vs. intentionality, affect regulation, and coping with intention-implementation difficulties. In a sample of N = 304 males convicted of violent and/or sexual offenses, the processing variables were investigated with respect to (a) objective measurability, (b) relationships with established reoffending risk markers, and (c) their (incremental) performance in predicting reoffending. With respect to objectivity (a), the inter-rater agreement (n = 111) varied widely among the variables (intraclass correlation range 0.03–0.62). Regarding risk markers (b), significant associations were found with the Level of Service Inventory–Revised (LSI-R) subscales criminal history, alcohol/drugs, emotional/personal, and attitudes/orientation. The Crime Scene Behavior Risk Measure for sexual offenses (n = 106) correlated with psychological processing variables for the items multiple juvenile offenders and male victim. Two variables emerged as relevant for predicting recidivism (c): negatively motivated impulsivity predicted violent reoffending, while persistence when coping with implementation difficulties negatively predicted sexual and general reoffending. These relationships statistically mediated the predictive contribution of actuarial risk tools (LSI-R/crime scene behavior risk). Psychological processes during norm violation as reported in verdicts appear to represent underexploited information within risk assessment and beyond.
Object detection based deinterleaving of radar signals using deep learning for cognitive EW
Authors: Kocamış Mehmet Burak , Orduyılmaz Adnan , Taşcıoğlu Selçuk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a real-world environment, multifunction radars (MFRs) pose major challenges to the electronic support system that is a part of cognitive electronic warfare. One of the main problems is deinterleaving of signals belonging to MFRs. The ability of MFRs to change their carrier frequency, pulse width, and pulse repetition interval (PRI) from pulse to pulse makes the deinterleaving task challenging. In this paper, an object detection based deinterleaving approach exploiting amplitude patterns caused by radar beam motions, which are determined based on radar antenna scan types, is proposed to deinterleave MFR signals. Amplitude patterns are created in two-dimensional images using amplitude (AMP) and time of arrival (TOA) parameters obtained from radar pulses. Deinterleaving is performed using a deep learning algorithm applied to these images. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, object detection based deinterleaving of radar signals using AMP-TOA images has not been considered so far. Contrary to the common approaches, in which searching for PRI patterns is required, amplitude patterns formed by the radar beam motions on the electronic support system are used in the proposed method. This enables robust identification of signals of MFRs having PRI, carrier frequency, and pulse width agility. With the proposed method, the intention of the radar, i.e., search or tracking, can be acquired in the deinterleaving stage, which ensures earlier situational awareness. The performance of the method is evaluated for varying number of radar signals from one to five through simulations, in which scenarios with missing pulses at different rates are considered. Simulation results demonstrate that, on the average, more than 0.98 mean average precision (mAP50) is achieved at 30% missing pulse rate. The performance of the method for search radar signals is slightly lower compared to that achieved for tracking radar signals due to the lower number of pulses received by the system. However, more than 0.93 AP50 is achieved for search radar signals in the presence of five radar signals with different missing pulse rates. Besides, real-time performance can be achieved using the proposed method on the GPU platform.
A Clinician’s Guide To Effectively Transitioning and Transferring Care For Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases From The Pediatric To Adult Gastroenterologist
Authors: Barry Jessica N. , Moses Jonathan D. , Kim Sandra C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Transition of care for pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a continuous, dynamic process that takes place over several years with a coordinated approach executed by a multidisciplinary team. We review the concepts, tools, and research in effective transitioning and transfer of care for adolescent/young adult patients with IBD.

Recent Findings
Given the constraints within the healthcare system, effective transitioning can be challenging to implement in everyday clinical practice. Different barriers include resources and expertise in effective transitioning by pediatric and adult gastroenterology healthcare providers and the impact of non-gastrointestinal issues facing young adult patients who are learning to manage and coordinate all aspects of their medical care and health maintenance. Factors that facilitate successful care transitioning and transfer include structured transitioning programs, utilization of validated transition checklists, and IBD medical summaries.

Summary
Proactive transitioning by pediatric gastroenterologists in partnership with their emerging young adult patients with IBD leads to better clinical and psychosocial outcomes and ultimately, effective transfer of care to adult gastroenterology. By utilizing utilize comprehensive transition assessment tools and medical summaries in partnership with their patients, pediatric and adult gastroenterology teams can better prepare patients as they transfer to independent care and health maintenance.
An Expanded Narrative Review of Neurotransmitters on Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Therapeutic Interventions on Neurotransmission
Authors: Akyuz Enes , Arulsamy Alina , Aslan Feyza Sule , Sarisözen Bugra , Guney Beyzanur , Hekimoglu Abdulhekim , Yilmaz Beyza Nur , Retinasamy Thaarvena , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, the current review examined the role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and discusses the alterations in the neurochemical activity and cross talk with their receptors and transporters. In the presence of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, changes may occur in the expression of neuronal receptors which in turn triggers excessive release of glutamate into the synaptic cleft contributing to cell death and neuronal damage. The GABAergic system may also be affected by AD pathology in a similar way. In addition, decreased receptors in the cholinergic system and dysfunction in the dopamine neurotransmission of AD pathology may also contribute to the damage to cognitive function. Moreover, the presence of deficiencies in noradrenergic neurons within the locus coeruleus in AD suggests that noradrenergic stimulation could be useful in addressing its pathophysiology. The regulation of melatonin, known for its effectiveness in enhancing cognitive function and preventing Aβ accumulation, along with the involvement of the serotonergic system and histaminergic system in cognition and memory, becomes remarkable for promoting neurotransmission in AD. Additionally, nitric oxide and adenosine-based therapeutic approaches play a protective role in AD by preventing neuroinflammation. Overall, neurotransmitter-based therapeutic strategies emerge as pivotal for addressing neurotransmitter homeostasis and neurotransmission in the context of AD. This review discussed the potential for neurotransmitter-based drugs to be effective in slowing and correcting the neurodegenerative processes in AD by targeting the neurochemical imbalance in the brain. Therefore, neurotransmitter-based drugs could serve as a future therapeutic strategy to tackle AD.
High Risk Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Patients with Hypopharynx Cancer of Northeast India: A Pilot Study
Authors: Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Rai Avdhesh Kumar , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Rahman Tashnin , Bhuyan Plabita , Sarma Anupam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOncogenic viruses such as, Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated head and neck cancers have been considered to represent different etiological and pathological behaviour. This pilot study was conceived to investigate high risk HPV (hr-HPV) infection and its association with life style habits such as tobacco, alcohol consumption in patients with hypopharynx cancer from North –East India. A total of thirty four primary hypopharynx cancer biopsy specimens were collected. These samples were analysed for hr-HPV DNA using nested multiplex PCR (NMPCR). The lifestyle and dietary associated factors were collected through a self- designed questionnaire. The presence of hr-HPV was confirmed in 50% (n = 17) patients with hypopharynx cancer by nested multiplex PCR (NMPCR). Among hr-HPV positive cases, only HPV- 16 genotype was found. Significant association was observed between hr-HPV infections with alcohol consumption (p-0.025), alcohol with tobacco habit (p-0.01). Our study demonstrated that alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing may act as risk factors for hr-HPV infection in a subset of patients with hypopharynx cancer from the North-East region of India.
Extending the Life World: Phenomenological Triangulation Along Two Planes
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , Mouratidou Alexandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhenomenology is often mistakenly understood as both introspectionist and anthropocentric and thus as incapable of providing us with objective knowledge. While clearly wrong, such critiques force us to spell out how the life world that is given in human experience is in fact not anthropocentric and not incompatible with science. In this article we address this by adapting a recent proposal to extend the key methodological principle of cognitive semiotics, phenomenological triangulation, along two planes. The first is horizontal and concerns the dimensions of Self, Others and Things, as irreducibly interrelated dimensions of the life world. The second is vertical, and deals with the way phenomena are accessed: from a first-person (philosophical), second-person (empirical in a qualitative sense) and third-person (scientific in a quantitative sense) perspective. With each perspective, the life world becomes correspondingly extended beyond direct experience. It is thus neither static nor confining. We exemplify each step with corresponding research, also providing examples of how non-human animals and not only human beings may serve as Others, thus addressing the critique of anthropocentrism. We conclude by pointing out how, despite some theoretical differences, the focus on subjectivity and the explicit or implicit adoption of the principle of phenomenological triangulation can serve as common ground for cognitive semiotics and biosemiotics.
Prioritizing Indicators for Rapid Response in Global Health Security: A Bayesian Network Approach
Authors: Qazi Abroon , Simsekler Mecit Can Emre , Al-Mhdawi M. K. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explored a Bayesian belief networks (BBNs) approach, developing two distinct models for prioritizing the seven indicators related to the “rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic” category within the context of both the specific category and the Global Health Security Index (GHS index). Utilizing data from the 2021 GHS index, the methodology involves rigorous preprocessing, the application of the augmented naive Bayes algorithm for structural learning, and k-fold cross-validation. Key findings show unique perspectives in both BBN models. In the mutual value of information analysis, “linking public health and security authorities” emerged as the key predictor for the “rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic” category, while “emergency preparedness and response planning” assumed precedence for the GHS index. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the critical role of “emergency preparedness and response planning” and “linking public health and security authorities” in extreme performance states, with “access to communications infrastructure” and “trade and travel restrictions” exhibiting varied significance. The BBN models exhibit high predictive accuracy, achieving 83.3% and 82.3% accuracy for extreme states in “rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic” and the GHS index, respectively. This study contributes to the literature on GHS by modeling the dependencies among various indicators of the rapid response dimension of the GHS index and highlighting their relative importance based on the mutual value of information and sensitivity analyses.
Training Session Models in Endurance Sports: A Norwegian Perspective on Best Practice Recommendations
Authors: Tønnessen Espen , Sandbakk Øyvind , Sandbakk Silvana Bucher , Seiler Stephen , Haugen Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Our scientific understanding of the mechanistic and practical connections between training session prescriptions, their execution by athletes, and adaptations over time in elite endurance sports remains limited. These connections are fundamental to the art and science of coaching.

Objective
By using successful Norwegian endurance coaches as key informants, the aim of this study is to describe and compare best practice session models across different exercise intensities in Olympic endurance sports.

Methods
Data collection was based on a four-step pragmatic qualitative study design, involving questionnaires, training logs from successful athletes, and in-depth and semi-structured interviews, followed by negotiation among researchers and coaches to assure our interpretations. Twelve successful and experienced male Norwegian coaches from biathlon, cross-country skiing, long-distance running, road cycling, rowing, speed skating, swimming, and triathlon were chosen as key informants. They had been responsible for the training of world-class endurance athletes who altogether have won > 370 medals in international championships.

Results
The duration of low-intensity training (LIT) sessions ranges from 30 min to 7 h across sports, mainly due to modality-specific constraints and load tolerance considerations. Cross-training accounts for a considerable part of LIT sessions in several sports. Moderate (MIT)- and high-intensity training (HIT) sessions are mainly conducted as intervals in specific modalities, but competitions also account for a large proportion of annual HIT in most sports. Interval sessions are characterized by a high accumulated volume, a progressive increase in intensity throughout the session, and a controlled, rather than exhaustive, execution approach. A clear trend towards shorter intervals and lower work: rest ratio with increasing intensity was observed. Overall, the analyzed sports implement considerably more MIT than HIT sessions across the annual cycle.

Conclusions
This study provides novel insights on quantitative and qualitative aspects of training session models across intensities employed by successful athletes in Olympic endurance sports. The interval training sessions revealed in this study are generally more voluminous, more controlled, and less exhaustive than most previous recommendations outlined in research literature.
Evaluation of Fe Content on the Fluidity of A356 Aluminum Alloy by New Fluidity Index
Authors: Durmuş Melek , Dispinar Derya , Gavgali Mehmet , Uslu Emin , Çolak Murat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElements that are deliberately added to aluminum alloys or are incorporated into the alloy later depending on the production process affect the final product properties. In addition, liquid metal cleaning is important in minimizing undesirable elements. Considering the production process, one of the most harmful impurities that is likely to pass into the alloy via diffusion for aluminum is the element, Fe. It is known that this is due to the fact that although Fe is highly soluble in liquid aluminum and its alloys, it has very little solubility in solids. Depending on the Fe content, mechanical properties, porosity and fluidity properties are affected in aluminum alloys. In this study, stainless and carbon steel rods were dipped into the melt at 700 °C and 750 °C for 1, 2 and 5 h. Castings were performed before and after degassing. Four-channel fluidity mold with different section thickness was used in the trials. Additionally, microstructure characterization was performed under varying casting conditions. Fluidity Index was proposed which is a single value measured from all fluidity values in different sections. When the results were examined, it was determined that the diffusion material, holding time, casting temperature and liquid metal cleanliness had an effect on the fluidity. Due to the increase in diffusion time, a decrease in fluidity was observed in both carbon steel and stainless steel. It was found that fluidity was significantly reduced when using stainless steel.
A random elastoplastic framework of relationships between CBR and Young’s modulus for coarse-grained soils
Authors: Mendoza Cristhian , Paredes Jairo A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe material quality indicator most commonly used for the quality of road materials is the California Bearing Ratio test (CBR). In addition, the CBR test provides a value commonly used to correlate with the resilient modulus (used in the design and analysis of pavement) due to its cost-effectiveness. This test measures soil resistance to penetration by a punch and compares it with the pressure measured in a standard material at the same penetration (2.5 mm or 5 mm). However, this test lacks physical explanations regarding mechanical behavior because the CBR value only compares soil penetration resistance with the pressure measured in a standard material. Another issue arises from the scattered results obtained from both equations and tests, highlighting the need for variability analysis of the CBR test to assess the effect of the different geotechnical variables on the CBR value. For this purpose, simulations using FEM (Finite Element Method) considering random soil parameters were performed for the CBR test. These FEMs included a linear elastic model and two failure criteria (Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker-Prager with a cap) and were prepared for granular soils. The evaluation shows that the increase or decrease in the CBR value is a function of the elastic modulus, yield stress, and friction angle. Moreover, the simulations expand the knowledge of the shearing mechanisms, generated stresses, displacement fields, and load sharing when the CBR test is made. From these results, a physical explanation of test results can be done. FEM simulations showed stress zones in conditions of elastic, compression, and shear behavior. These zones can explain the importance of elastic modulus, yielding stress, and friction angle in the CBR value. From numerical results, a new equation was proposed and compared with practical equations proposed by international standards and other sources to estimate the probability of underestimated values CBR according to the correlations used.
The digital trail of Ukraine’s 2022 refugee exodus
Authors: Wycoff Nathan , Singh Lisa O. , Arab Ali , Donato Katharine M. , Marahrens Helge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen the 2022 Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine forced millions of people to leave their homes, officials worldwide scrambled to estimate the number of people who would seek refuge in their countries. There were a limited number of official tools in place to lean on to help determine this estimate. In this article, we investigate the possibility of using various publicly available organic (i.e. non-designed) data to predict forced movement from Ukraine early in the crisis. In particular, we establish Ukrainian-language insecurity and contextual indicators from multiple data sources, namely Google Trends, Twitter/X, local newspapers, the ACLED database, and the GDELT database. We compare the usefulness of these indicators in predicting forced migration into three neighboring countries: Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. To minimize the challenge of temporal misalignment between the organic data and actual movement, we develop a lagging and aggregation framework. Findings reveal Google Trends variables are a robust leading indicator of observed forced migration for this conflict. While other indicators are less strong, they still capture shifts in forced migration flows, highlighting the potential for using publicly available organic data during emerging forced displacement crises.
Limb Position Influences Peripheral Arterial Stiffness Reduction with Reactive Hyperemia
Authors: Jackson Ronald E. , Lima Natalia S. , Sherman Sara R. , Hibner Brooks A. , Clifford Philip S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The mechanism behind the acute reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness with reactive hyperemia is presumed to be flow-mediated; however, this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that a larger reactive hyperemia magnitude would result in a greater reduction in peripheral arterial stiffness. Fourteen healthy young adults (5 females, 25 ± 5 yrs, mean ± SD) underwent reactive hyperemia with a rapid-release cuff on the upper arm inflated to 220 mmHg for 5 min: once with the arm positioned ~ 50ο above heart level and once with the arm positioned ~ 50ο below heart level. Brachial-radial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with tonometers over brachial and radial arteries before cuff inflation and at 5, 15, and 30 min after release. Brachial blood flow was monitored with doppler ultrasound. At 5 min after reactive hyperemia, both the absolute (2.31 ± 1.22 vs 1.19 ± 1.19 m/sec, p = 0.007) and relative (24% vs 15%; p = 0.043) changes in brachial to radial PWV were greater with the arm below the heart compared to above the heart. The peak brachial blood flow was higher when the arm was below the heart compared to above the heart (477

$$\pm$$

±

145 vs 369

$$\pm$$

±

137 ml/min; p < 0.001). Reactive hyperemia acutely reduced peripheral arterial stiffness above and below heart level, with a greater decrease observed when the arm was positioned below the heart. These results demonstrate the contribution of conduit artery blood flow to the reduction of peripheral arterial stiffness after reactive hyperemia.