bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic and Psychometric Validation of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale in U.K. English for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cooke Debbie , O’Hara Mary Clare , Beinart Naomi , Heller Simon , La Marca Roberto , Byrne Molly , Mansell Peter , Dinneen Sean F. , Clark Marie , Bond Rod , Speight Jane ,   for the U.K. NIHR DAFNE Study Group
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To develop a linguistically and psychometrically validated U.K. English (U.K./Ireland) version of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) for adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted independent forward and backward translation of the validated German DSQOLS. An iterative interview study with health professionals (n = 3) and adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 8) established linguistic validity. The DSQOLS was included in three Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) studies (total N = 1,071). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken to examine questionnaire structure. Concurrent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and reliability were assessed.

RESULTS
EFA indicated a six-factor structure for the DSQOLS (social aspects, fear of hypoglycemia, dietary restrictions, physical complaints, anxiety about the future, and daily hassles). High internal consistency reliability was found for these factors and the weighted treatment satisfaction scale (α = 0.85–0.94). All subscales were moderately, positively correlated with the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality-of-Life (ADDQoL) measure, demonstrating evidence of concurrent validity. Lower DSQOLS subscale scores [indicating impaired quality of life (QoL)] were associated with the presence of diabetes-related complications.

CONCLUSIONS
The DSQOLS captures the impact of detailed aspects of modern type 1 diabetes management (e.g., carbohydrate counting and flexible insulin dose adjustment) that are now routine in many parts of the U.K. and Ireland. The U.K. English version of the DSQOLS offers a valuable tool for assessing the impact of treatment approaches on QoL in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Sex Differences in Renal Responses to Hyperglycemia, l-Arginine, and l-NMMA in Humans With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Scholey James W. , Sochett Etienne B. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Women exhibit exaggerated renal hemodynamic responses to hyperglycemia, which may promote kidney disease progression. Our aim was to determine if increased nitric oxide generation by l-arginine infusion would reverse this deleterious response to clamped hyperglycemia in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Renal function, blood pressure, and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in 20 men and 15 women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during clamped euglycemia and clamped hyperglycemia. Renal function, blood pressure, and plasma cGMP responses to graded infusions of intravenous l-arginine and NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) were measured during clamped hyperglycemia.

RESULTS
Subjects were young, normotensive, normoalbuminuric men and women who adhered to a high-sodium, moderate-protein diet. Plasma cGMP levels during euglycemia were generally lower in men compared with women, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in men. In response to hyperglycemia, cGMP levels did not change in men but did decline in women (Δ−1.10 ± 0.20 vs. Δ+0.05 ± 0.20 pmol/L, between-group effect of hyperglycemia on cGMP; P = 0.012). Hyperglycemia also was associated with an increase in SBP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (124 ± 6 to 143 ± 7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.003) and filtration fraction (FF) in women, but these parameters did not change in men. In response to l-arginine during hyperglycemia, the increase in cGMP was exaggerated in women versus men and GFR and FF decreased in women only, back toward baseline values observed during clamped euglycemia. l-NMMA infusion did not exaggerate changes in hemodynamic function in response to hyperglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
l-Arginine reversed the renal hemodynamic effects of hyperglycemia in women, suggesting that nitric oxide is an important regulator of sex-dependent vascular responses to hyperglycemia in humans.
Fetuin-A, Type 2 Diabetes, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults
Authors: Jensen Majken K. , Bartz Traci M. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Djoussé Luc , Kizer Jorge R. , Tracy Russell P. , Zieman Susan J. , Rimm Eric B. , Siscovick David S. , Shlipak Michael , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Fetuin-A, a hepatic secretory protein that simultaneously inhibits arterial calcification and insulin action, is associated with type 2 diabetes, but its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. Preliminary studies suggest that the association of fetuin-A with CVD might differ among individuals with or without type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of 3,810 community-living individuals older than 65 years (511 with type 2 diabetes) and free of CVD in 1992 when fetuin-A levels were measured. Participants were followed-up for incident CVD through June 2008.

RESULTS
Mean age was 75 years, and 61% were women; 1,456 participants had an incident CVD event (248 among individuals with type 2 diabetes). The association of fetuin-A with CVD was modified by type 2 diabetes (P interaction = 0.02). Higher fetuin-A was associated with lower CVD risk among persons without type 2 diabetes [hazard ratio per SD 0.1 g/L higher fetuin-A, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.99)], whereas a trend in the opposite direction was observed among individuals with type 2 diabetes, although it was not statistically significant [1.07 (0.93–1.22)]. Among individuals without type 2 diabetes, similar effect modification was observed by obesity and insulin resistance. Consistently, higher fetuin-A was associated with lower CVD risk only in the subgroups without obesity or with HOMA-IR below the median [0.91 (0.85–0.97) and 0.87 (0.79–0.95), respectively].

CONCLUSIONS
The association of fetuin-A with risk of CVD differs among elderly individuals with and without insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
Associations Between Diabetes, Leanness, and the Risk of Death in the Japanese General Population
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Kario Kazuomi , Ishikawa Shizukiyo , Ojima Toshiyuki , Gotoh Tadao , Kayaba Kazunori , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Shimada Kazuyuki , Nakamura Yosikazu , Kajii Eiji ,   the JMS Cohort Study Group
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine the BMI-stratified associations between diabetes and the risks of all-cause death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, and cancer death.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a prospective study with 12 rural Japanese general populations (n = 3,641, mean age, 53.7 years; 33.5% men), we examined the associations between diabetes and the risk of all-cause death, CVD death, and cancer death. We also examined the effects of BMI and age on such associations.

RESULTS
During an average duration of 10.2 years (37,278 person-years), 240 deaths occurred (54 deaths from CVD, 101 from cancer, and 85 from other causes). Cox regression analysis showed leanness (defined as the lowest quartile of entire BMI; mean, 19.5 kg/m2), but not obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), and diabetes were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.70 and 1.65, respectively; both P &lt; 0.01.). Stratification with cause-specific deaths showed that leanness and obesity were associated with CVD death (HR 3.77 and 2.94, respectively), whereas diabetes was associated with cancer death (HR 1.87; all P &lt; 0.05). The increased risk of all-cause death in diabetes was substantially higher in lean subjects aged &lt;65 years (HR 3.4) or those aged ≥65 years (HR 4.2), whereas the risk in obese diabetes patients was significant only in subjects aged &lt;65 years (HR 2.32; all P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Among the Japanese general population, diabetes confers an increased risk of all-cause death. Particular attention must be paid to the pronounced high mortality in diabetes accompanied with leanness, regardless of age.
Discrete maximum principle for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Horváth Tamás , Mincsovics Miklós 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A class of linear elliptic operators has an important qualitative property, the so-called maximum principle. In this paper we investigate how this property can be preserved on the discrete level when an interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is applied for the discretization of a 1D elliptic operator. We give mesh conditions for the symmetric and for the incomplete method that establish some connection between the mesh size and the penalty parameter. We then investigate the sharpness of these conditions. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples.
Modification of current-voltage characteristics of planar organic systems by nm-thick copper phthalocyanine or perylene dye interlayer
Authors: Signerski Ryszard , Jarosz Grażyna 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The effect of a nm-thick interlayer of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or perylene dye (MePTCDI) on currentvoltage characteristics of planar organic systems is discussed in this work. The MePTCDI layer in the ITO/MePTCDI/CuPc/Au system strongly reduces reverse dark current by blocking injection of holes from ITOinto CuPc leading to high values of rectification ratio. The CuPc interlayer in the ITO/CuPc/MePTCDI/Ag system causes a strong reduction in electron injection from ITOand reverses a forward polarity. Modification of current-voltage characteristics of illuminated systems with an interlayer of MePTCDI or CuPc is associated with a strong photovoltaic effect. This results from efficient excition dissociation at the CuPc/MePTCDI interface. Saturation current, determined by this process of charge carrier photogeneration, can be observed at particular voltage polarity.
Continuous dehydrochlorination of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol to epichlorohydrin: process parameters and by-products formation
Authors: Krzyżanowska Anna , Milchert Eugeniusz 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe influence of pre-reactor and reactor temperatures on the conversion of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol and the selectivity of its transformation to epichlorohydrin in continuous dehydrochlorination for two modes of the reaction product collection was studied. The dehydrochlorination process and mechanism of diglycidyl ether formation are described.
Identification of carbohydrate isomers in flavonoid glycosides after hydrolysis by hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Špačková Věra , Pazourek Jiří 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA method for carbohydrate isomers (saccharide units) identification in flavonoid glycosides after hydrolysis by an HPLC system with two detectors (diode array UV-VIS detector and evaporative light scattering detector) was set up in this work. Experimental procedure was optimized with two types of model glycosides, namely rutin and hesperidin. The model glycosides were hydrolyzed to saccharide units and aglycone parts; the aglycone was characterized by its UV-VIS spectrum and the saccharide unit was identified by its retention time and elution profile (anomeric signals). Acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses were compared in the first step of the method; in acidic hydrolysis, trifluoracetic acid was used, while glucosidase, galactosidase, and hesperidinase were used in enzymatic hydrolysis. A complete enzymatic hydrolysis was achieved with hesperidin and neohesperidin, but not with 3-O-glycosides. The method was applied for the identification of a glycone from a glycoside isolated from Polygonum lapathifolium (Polygonaceae sp.).
Lattice uniformities on pseudo-D-lattices
Authors: Avallone Anna , Vitolo Paolo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Let L be a pseudo-D-lattice. We prove that the lattice uniformities on L which make uniformly continuous the operations of L are uniquely determined by their system of neighbourhoods of 0 and form a distributive lattice.
Moreover we prove that every such uniformity is generated by a family of weakly subadditive [0,+∞]-valued functions on L.
Statistical maps and generalized random walks
Authors: Frič Roman , Papčo Martin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We continue our study of statistical maps (equivalently, fuzzy random variables in the sense of Gudder and Bugajski). In the realm of fuzzy probability theory, statistical maps describe the transportation of probability measures on one measurable space into probability measures on another measurable space. We show that for discrete probability spaces each statistical map can be represented via a special matrix the rows of which are probability functions related to conditional probabilities and the columns are related to fuzzy n-partitions of the domain. Discrete statistical maps sending a probability measure p to a probability measure q can be represented via conditional distributions and correspond to joint probabilities on the product. The composition of statistical maps provide a tool to describe and to study generalized random walks and Markov chains.
The structure of norm Clifford algebras
Authors: Keller Hans , Ochsenius Herminia 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Orthomodular Hilbertian spaces are infinite-dimensional inner product spaces (E, 〈·, ·〉) with the rare property that to every orthogonally closed subspace U ⊆ E there is an orthogonal projection from E onto U. These spaces, discovered about 30 years ago, are constructed over certain non-Archimedeanly valued, complete fields and are endowed with a non-Archimedean norm derived from the inner product. In a previous work [KELLER, H. A.—OCHSENIUS, H.: On the Clifford algebra of orthomodular spaces over Krull valued fields. In: Contemp. Math. 508, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2010, pp. 73–87] we described the construction of a new object, called the norm Clifford algebra C̃(E) associated to E. It can be considered a counterpart of the well-established Clifford algebra of a finite dimensional quadratic space. In contrast to the classical case, C̃(E) allows to represent infinite products of reflections by inner automorphisms. It is a significant step towards a better understanding of the group of isometries, which in infinite dimension is complex and hard to grasp.
In the present paper we are concerned with the inner structure of these new algebras. We first give a canonical representation of the elements, and we prove that C̃ is always central. Then we focus on an outstanding special case in which C̃ is shown to be a division ring. Moreover, in that special case we completely describe the ideals of the corresponding valuation ring $$\mathcal{A}$$. It turns out, rather unexpectedly, that every left-ideal and every right-ideal of $$\mathcal{A}$$ is in fact bilateral.
Hilbert space representations of decoherence functionals and quantum measures
Authors: Gudder Stan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We show that any decoherence functional D can be represented by a spanning vector-valued measure on a complex Hilbert space. Moreover, this representation is unique up to an isomorphism when the system is finite. We consider the natural map U from the history Hilbert space K to the standard Hilbert space H of the usual quantum formulation. We show that U is an isomorphism from K onto a closed subspace of H and that U is an isomorphism from K onto H if and only if the representation is spanning. We then apply this work to show that a quantum measure has a Hilbert space representation if and only if it is strongly positive. We also discuss classical decoherence functionals, operator-valued measures and quantum operator measures.
Les limites environnementales à la croissance en macroéconomie
Authors: Fagnart Jean-François , Germain Marc 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Nous examinons les réponses qu’apporte la théorie macroéconomique à la question des limites environnementales à la croissance. Nous étudions tout d’abord la question de la finitude des ressources naturelles utilisées dans les processus productifs et leur impact sur la croissance puis, plus marginalement, celle des dégradations environnementales. Sur ces thèmes, nous présentons les développements de la théorie néoclassique de la croissance et la manière dont ils sont remis en cause ou infléchis lorsqu’on en prend en compte les (ou certains des) arguments des économistes écologiques. JEL : E0, 013, 040, Q5, Q32
Sommes-nous trop égoïstes ou trop généreux envers les générations futures ?
Authors: Gollier Christian 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Dans notre société occidentale, les sacrifices des générations passées ont contribué à améliorer le bien-être des générations présentes. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ? Sous la pression des hérauts du catastrophisme écologique, ne nous demande-t-on pas trop de sacrifices au profit des générations futures ? Ou, au contraire, ne nous en demande-t-on pas assez au vu des risques que nous faisons peser sur le bien-être de ces mêmes générations ? Dans cet article, je rappelle l’importance, pour la prise de décision publique, du choix du taux d’actualisation des flux de dommages (ou bénéfices) futurs liés aux décisions présentes. Je développe ensuite un modèle classique identifiant le taux d’actualisation socialement efficace et en analyse les déterminants (la préférence pure pour le présent, l’effet de richesse et l’effet de précaution). En m’appuyant sur des données empiriques et l’observation du trend de croissance historique, je discute des valeurs raisonnables du taux d’actualisation selon qu’on évalue des projets économiques à horizons courts ou plus lointains. JEL : H43, D9, Q54
De l'innovation à l'innovateur Pour une approche structuraliste de l'innovation
Authors: Noailles Patrice 
Published: December 2012

Dans la description économique actuelle du processus d’innovation, il existe deux grandes fonctions, la recherche-développement et la fabrication- commercialisation, qui sont respectivement réalisées par des chercheurs ou des inventeurs (recherche – développement), puis par des entrepreneurs ou des chefs d’entreprise (fabrication – commercialisation). De leur côté, les sciences de gestion ont développé assez largement des analyses de l’entrepreneuriat ou peut-être mieux, « entrepreneuriat ». Cela a conduit principalement à mettre en évidence le concept d’opportunité qui reste indifférent à la nature de cette opportunité. À ce jour, la science économique, la gestion et la pratique politique ignorent le terme et la fonction d’innovateur. Par une analyse détaillée du processus d’innovation, cet article montre qu’il comprend une fonction d’innovateur clairement identifiable et caractérisable, différente de celles d’inventeur et d’entrepreneur et s’intégrant dans un processus décrit, ici, selon une approche structuraliste commune à tous les types d’innovation. Cette fonction d’innovateur est celle qui permet à l’invention (ou l’idée) de devenir une innovation (un objet social) par quatre opérations quasi simultanées : financement (1), définition du standard technique (2), définition du modèle économique (3), puis réalisation des premières commercialisations qui doivent confirmer les choix réalisés, engageant ainsi un processus d’acceptation collective de l’innovation (4). L’innovateur est généralement précédé par l’inventeur qui a presque toutes les idées, mais ne sait pas les assembler pour les rendre acceptables par le public, et suivi par l’entrepreneur qui, se saisissant de l’opportunité, sait donner une dimension « industrielle » à l’innovation. Souvent, un même homme assume deux ou trois de ces fonctions, principalement celles d’innovateur et d’entrepreneur, ce qui accroît naturellement la confusion entre les différentes fonctions. Dans les innovations de faible ampleur, dites incrémentales, cette fonction d’innovateur persiste mais sous une forme amoindrie, ainsi que l’avait souligné J. Schumpeter dès 1942 dans son livre « Capitalisme, Socialisme et Démocratie ».
De la nécessité d'une analyse post-mortem en cas d'échec commercial
Authors: Cusin Julien , Celhay Franck 
Published: December 2012

L’histoire regorge d’exemples célèbres d’échecs de nouveaux produits. Les travaux qui s’intéressent à cette question se concentrent généralement sur ce qui prédit de telles déconvenues et sur la manière dont on peut les éviter. Nous nous attachons ici à recenser et synthétiser – sous la forme d’une typologie – les principales causes des échecs commerciaux, repérées par la littérature, et à vérifier leur pertinence à travers l’analyse qualitative de deux cas distincts (un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et un concept de rangement). Nous soulignons finalement la nécessité, pour les entreprises, d’effectuer systématiquement un débriefing post-mortem, afin de tirer des enseignements de leurs échecs. Mots- clés : échec commercial – nouveau produit – analyse post-mortem – études de cas – typologie.
L'effet d'imitation « favorable » et la gestion des marques
Authors: Gilardi Jean-Claude 
Published: December 2012

L’effet d’imitation a souvent été présenté comme un facteur qui bloque le développement économique. Or, si en Chine il a effectivement joué, il n’a pas empêché, loin s’en faut, le décollage de l’économie. Au contraire, il a stimulé la production locale, qu’elle soit réalisée par des entreprises d’origine étrangère ou par des entreprises autochtones. Si l’effet d’imitation peut, encore aujourd’hui, bénéficier aux entreprises non-chinoises, c’est sous certaines conditions. Cet article essaie de préciser ces conditions en tirant parti des enseignements que fournit l’étude de l’attitude des Chinois envers la marque. Mots-clés : effet d’imitation, rôle de la marque, consommateur chinois, libéralisation économique en Chine
La pertinence de la performance sociétale des entreprises dans un contexte de développement équitable
Authors: Biwolé Fouda Jean 
Published: December 2012

Face à l’ambiguïté persistante des résultats empiriques sur le lien entre la FSE et la NEF, plusieurs auteurs proposent d’étudier la relation de manière contextuelle. Le contexte camerounais étant marqué par la marginalisation des préoccupations environnementales, nous considérons qu’il est encore à un niveau de développement équitable. En prenant le cas des 4P au Cameroun, nous étudions ainsi le lien entre la FSE, mesurée par des variables de satisfaction des stakeholders clients et personnel, et la NEF, en distinguant les effets immédiats des effets retardés. Bien qu’un grand nombre de variables de FSE soient positivement liées à la NEF, l’ambiguïté des résultats observés dans la littérature n’est pas totalement absente dans ce contexte. Par conséquent, nous proposons que l’étude de la relation ne se fasse pas seulement par rapport au contexte, mais au cas par cas. Mots-clés : Performance Sociale des Entreprises (FSE) ; Performance Économique et Financière (NEF) ; Développement Durable (DD) ; Développement équitable
Development and Reliability of the Autism Work Skills Questionnaire (AWSQ)
Authors: Gal Eynat , Ben Meir Anat , Katz Noomi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Autism Work Skills Questionnaire (AWSQ), a new, comprehensive self-report assessment of a person’s vocational profile, was developed to help produce a good person–job match. This preliminary study was aimed at developing the questionnaire and determining its content validity and internal consistency.
METHOD. Forty-six adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD), ages 18–39, were interviewed with the questionnaire. A two-phase study was conducted: (1) constructing the questionnaire and determining its content validity and (2) ascertaining internal consistency reliability.
RESULTS. We found that the AWSQ had initial content validity and moderate to high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .64–.90).
CONCLUSION. The AWSQ can be a useful clinical and research tool in occupational therapy for evaluating work skills of adults with HFASD. Further studies with larger samples and including both typically developing individuals and individuals with HFASD are required to further support the questionnaire’s reliability and validity.