bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In VivoGenotoxicity Assessment of Sertraline by Using Alkaline Comet Assay and the Cytokinesis‐Block Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Battal Dilek , Aktas Ayca , Sungur Mehmet Ali , Kadioglu Ela , Derici Eker Ebru , Sahin Nefise Ozlen , Saygi Sahan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSertraline, a leading antidepressant in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group of medicine, is the most frequently prescribed drug. In this study, the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assay were used to investigate genotoxicity potential of sertraline in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of acute and chronic sertraline‐treated Wistar albino rats. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 48) were administered low, medium and high doses of sertraline (10, 40, 80 mg/kg) for acute and chronic treatment by employing the gavage method to investigate genotoxicity of the administered drug. The data (tail length, tail intensity and tail moment) were analysed and indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between sertraline‐treated groups and the negative control group with respect toDNAdamage (p > 0.05). However, it was observed that acute sertraline administration had caused much moreDNAdamage in comparison with chronic treatment (p < 0.05). According to the data obtained from theCBMNtest, an increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequency was detected at chronic and high‐dose acute sertraline treatment. Based on the outcome of comet assay, detection of statistically insignificantDNAdamage may be due to the fact that sertraline did not cause damage onDNA. Also, increase in frequency ofMNin chronic sertraline treatment suggests that chronic sertraline administration might influence some mechanisms of cell division. Therefore, dose adjustment in depressed patients seems significant as it may help prevent further prognosis of the diseases.
Competition and Facilitation in the Capuchin–Squirrel Monkey Relationship
Authors: Levi Taal , Silvius Kirsten M. , Oliveira Luiz F. B. , Cummings Anthony R. , Fragoso Jose M. V. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Guyana, the range of the brown capuchin, Cebus apella, meets the range of its congener, the wedge‐capped capuchin, C. olivaceus, with the two species exhibiting a mutually exclusive patchy distribution. Squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, and C. apella form ubiquitous interspecific associations, but the reason remains debatable. With a large biogeographic field study, we tested the degree to which the distribution and abundance of Cebus and S. sciureus is determined by habitat type, fruit availability, and geography (i.e., determinants of the fundamental niche) relative to interspecific interactions, such as competition and facilitation (i.e., the realized niche). We used the competition between the two capuchin monkeys as a natural experiment that subjected S. sciureus to C. apella and C. olivaceus ‘treatments’. Using spatial regression models and principal components analysis, we found that S. sciureus was associated with seasonally flooded forests, and was correlated with fruit abundance and diversity (fundamental niche), but was also correlated with C. apella density even when accounting for habitat and fruit availability (realized niche). Saimiri sciureus density was unrelated to C. olivaceus density. Cebus apella was associated with a variety of forest types, but particularly included disturbed and edge habitats such as logged forests, seasonally flooded forests, and upland savanna, in addition to mature forest. Cebus apella was also positively correlated with S. sciureus density and negatively correlated with the density of C. olivaceus. In contrast, C. olivaceus avoided riparian areas and was associated with mixed‐height forests on sloped mountainous terrain. In sum, interspecific interactions such as competition between species of Cebus and facilitation between C. apella and S. sciureus were as important as habitat and fruit availability in determining the distribution and abundance of these primates.
Biodegradation and bone formation of various polyethylene glycol hydrogels in acute and chronic sites in mini‐pigs
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Schneider David , Mir‐Mari Javier , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Gemperli Anja C. , Molenberg Aart , Dard Michel , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivei) To test whether or not pH modifications of a PEG hydrogel matrix influence degradation time and bone regeneration in acute and unprepared (chronic) defects; and ii) to test whether or not the addition of a PEG hydrogel to hydroxyapatite/tricalciumphosphate (HA/TCP) can further enhance bone regeneration compared to HA/TCP alone in acute defects.Materials and methodsIn 11 mini‐pigs, three acute standardized defects and one chronic site were prepared in each hemi‐mandible. The following treatment modalities were applied in acute defects: PEG hydrogel regular (PEG 8.7), PEG hydrogel pH‐modified plus (PEG 9.0), PEG hydrogel pH‐modified minus (PEG 8.4), PEG 8.7 mixed with HA/TCP granules (PEG‐HA/TCP), HA/TCP granules (HA/TCP), and empty control (control). In chronic sites, PEG 8.7 and PEG 9.0 were applied. Subsequently primary wound closure was obtained and animals sacrificed at 10 (n = 6) and 21 days (n = 5). Descriptive histology and histomorphometric analyses were performed including measurements for newly formed bone, remaining hydrogel, and percent defect fill. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated, and regression analysis used to determine the difference between treatments, taking into account relevant factors and correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsIn acute defects, the amount of newly formed bone increased statistically significantly over time for all treatments. The increase was higher for PEG 8.7 (35.9%) compared with PEG 8.4 and PEG 9.0 and was higher for PEG‐HA/TCP (24.7%) than for HA/TCP (14.6%). The remaining hydrogel ranged between 7.6 ± 13.3% for PEG 8.4 and 17.7 ± 12.8% for PEG 8.7 at 10 days. At 21 days, no remaining hydrogel was found except for PEG‐HA/TCP (11.5 ± 10.4%). In chronic sites, at 10 days, the remaining hydrogel covered 29.5 ± 10.3% (PEG 9.0) and 25.6 ± 21.8% (PEG 8.7) of the area. At 21 days, the amount of hydrogel (29.7 ± 31.7% for PEG 9.0; 1.4 ± 2.5% for PEG 8.7) decreased, while the amount of bone increased to 14.0 ± 16.3% for PEG 9.0 and to 37.9 ± 15.7% for PEG 8.7.ConclusionsThe PEG hydrogel matrix with a mid‐range pH (PEG 8.7) may serve as a matrix for localized bone regeneration with or without the addition of a bone substitute material. This was demonstrated by enhanced bone regeneration in acute and chronic defects compared with control hydrogels and HA/TCP alone.
Tailored rectal cancer treatment – a time for implementing contemporary prognostic factors?
Authors: Wibe A. , Law W. L. , Fazio V. , Delaney C. P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo report data supporting the development of tailored treatment strategies for rectal cancer.MethodA comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of prognostic factors cur‐rently not included in international guidelines in rectal cancer management.ResultsThere is considerable variation in treatment guidelines for rectal cancer worldwide, especially for Stage II and Stage III disease. Long‐term side effects of chemoradiotherapy are not considered in any guideline. Detailed knowledge, and the prognostic impact, of the circumferential resection margin, tumour grade and venous invasion should be factored into the development of a treatment strategy.ConclusionFactors additional to the TNM system should improve decision making for contemporary rectal cancer treatment. Optimized radiological and pathological evaluations, and a focus on detailed clinical factors, should be the basis for treatment decisions. International guidelines should consider all known prognostic factors for long‐term oncological and functional outcomes.
Effect of brief daily resistance training on rapid force development in painful neck and shoulder muscles: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jay Kenneth , schraefel mc , Andersen Christoffer H. , Ebbesen Frederik S. , Christiansen David H. , Skotte Jørgen , Zebis Mette K. , Andersen Lars L. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the effect of small daily amounts of progressive resistance training on rapid force development of painful neck/shoulder muscles.Methods198 generally healthy adults with frequent neck/shoulder muscle pain (mean: age 43·1 years, computer use 93% of work time, 88% women, duration of pain 186 day during the previous year) were randomly allocated to 2‐ or 12 min of daily progressive resistance training with elastic tubing or to a control group receiving weekly information on general health. A blinded assessor took measures at baseline and at 10‐week follow‐up; participants performed maximal voluntary contractions at a static 90‐degree shoulder joint angle. Rapid force development was determined as the rate of torque development and maximal muscle strength was determined as the peak torque.ResultsCompared with the control group, rate of torque development increased 31·0 Nm s−1 [95% confidence interval: (1·33–11·80)] in the 2‐min group and 33·2 Nm s−1 (1·66–12·33) in the 12‐min group from baseline to 10‐week follow‐up, corresponding to an increase of 16·0% and 18·2% for the two groups, respectively. The increase was significantly different compared to controls (P<0·05) for both training groups. Maximal muscle strength increased only ~5–6% [mean and 95% confidence interval for 2‐ and 12‐min groups to control, respectively: 2·5 Nm (0·05–0·73) and 2·2 Nm (0·01–0·70)]. No significant differences between the 2‐ and 12‐min groups were evident. A weak but significant relationship existed between changes in rapid force development and pain (r = 0·27, P<0·01), but not between changes in maximal muscle strength and pain.ConclusionSmall daily amounts of progressive resistance training in adults with frequent neck/shoulder pain increases rapid force development and, to a less extent, maximal force capacity.
Feasibility of interactive magnetic resonance imaging of moving anatomy for clinical practice
Authors: Brix Lau , Sørensen Thomas S. , Berber Yasmina , Ries Mario , Stausbøl‐Grøn Brian , Ringgaard Steffen 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundReal‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging with real‐time reconstruction has been available for some time. The technique acquires and presents the MRI images to the operator the instant they are acquired. However, besides guiding purposes, like catheter tracking and placement of electrodes during neurosurgery, the diagnostic value of this method is relatively unexplored.PurposeTo test an interactive slice‐positioning system with respect to real‐time MRI reconstruction for imaging of moving anatomical structures on two different scanner brands by using inexpensive computer hardware.Materials and methodsThe MRI data were sampled using two acquisition schemes: a Cartesian sampling scheme and a radial sampling scheme based on the golden ratio. Four anatomical targets, which exhibit non‐periodic movement, were identified and imaged: movement of the gastric ventricle emptying, movement of the small bowels, the articulators of a professional singer and of a 20‐week old fetus.ResultsInformative anatomical images were obtained in different settings of moving targets. The implemented real‐time system acquired, reconstructed and displayed MRI images in real time with a high frame rate using inexpensive computer hardware on two standard 1.5 T clinical MRI scanners.ConclusionOur approach verified that when imaging selected moving anatomical targets, with no a priori knowledge of the movement, interactive slice positioning using real‐time reconstruction may be a feasible approach for finding the optimal slice position in cases in which a standard 3D volumetric scan is impeded by movement. Future studies are needed to explore its full potential.
Energy Policy in American Faith Communities: “The Power to Change”
Authors: Townsend Patricia K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper traces the development of energy policy in the mainline churches beginning with Margaret Mead and René Dubos's 1974 commission to prepare a report to the National Council of Churches on the use of plutonium as a commercial fuel. The report stirred a controversy and a broader examination of energy ethics that culminated in the adoption in 1979 of a National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. policy paper and encouraged constituent denominations to make their own studies of energy policy. The development and implementation of these policies is followed from 1980 to the present, using the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) as a representative mainline denomination. This turn to ethical reasoning to support change in U.S. energy policy is a hopeful development, given the stalemate in such discussion when framed in scientific or political terms.
Comparison of virtual microscopy and glass slide microscopy among dermatology residents during a simulated in‐training examination
Authors: Brick Katherine E. , Sluzevich Jason C. , Cappel Mark A. , DiCaudo David J. , Comfere Nneka I. , Wieland Carilyn N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundVirtual microscopy is increasingly being used in dermatopathology educational settings.ObjectiveThe objective is to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and attitudes between virtual microscopy and traditional glass slide microscopy among dermatology residents.MethodsA 48‐question dermatopathology examination was administered to 35 dermatology residents at three different dermatology residency training sites during the 2011–2012 academic year with half (n = 24) of the questions using the gold standard of glass slide microscopy and half (n = 24) using whole, scanned virtual slides. Correct number of questions using glass slides and virtual slides was evaluated. Participants were surveyed regarding previous experience with digital slide imaging; quality, ease of use, and speed of slide review; and overall microscopy preferences.ResultsOverall, diagnostic accuracy was better with glass slides than virtual slides (p = 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found in diagnostic accuracy of first‐year trainees (p > 0.99) or trainees with exposure to virtual microscopy greater than two times per month (p = 0.27). There was no overall personal preference for glass slide vs. virtual microscopy.LimitationsDifferent cases and questions were used for glass slides and virtual microscopy.ConclusionsDiagnostic accuracy with virtual microscopy is dependent on year of residency training and prior experience with virtual microscopy.
Hypoglycaemia, fear of hypoglycaemia and quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents
Authors: Johnson S. R. , Cooper M. N. , Davis E. A. , Jones T. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between fear of hypoglycaemia, episodes of hypoglycaemia and quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, population‐based study of 325 children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents. The children were aged 2–18 years. A total of 325 parents of the patients aged 2–18 years and 196 of the patients themselves (aged 8–18 years) completed questionnaires including the PedsQL Diabetes Module, the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey and Clarke's hypoglycaemia awareness questionnaire. Data were compared with HbA1c results and the history of severe hypoglycaemia episodes.ResultsParents with the highest levels of fear of hypoglycaemia reported that their children had a reduced quality of life (P < 0.001). Similarly children with the greatest fear also reported a reduced quality of life (P < 0.001); however a history of severe hypoglycaemia was not associated with the child's quality of life as perceived by the child or parent. Episodes of severe hypoglycaemia were associated with an increased fear of hypoglycaemia for the parents (P = 0.004) but not the children. Children in the highest fear quartile also had a higher HbA1c concentration compared with those in the lowest fear quartile [increase in HbA1c 7 mmol/mol (0.6%), P < 0.01].ConclusionsFear of hypoglycaemia and not episodes of hypoglycaemia per se is associated with increased psychological burden for children with Type 1 diabetes. Interventions to reduce fear of hypoglycaemia in these families may improve their quality of life.
Importance of factors determining the low health‐related quality of life in people presenting with a diabetic foot ulcer: the Eurodiale study
Authors: Siersma V. , Thorsen H. , Holstein P. E. , Kars M. , Apelqvist J. , Jude E. B. , Piaggesi A. , Bakker K. , Edmonds M. , Jirkovska A. , Mauricio D. , Ragnarson Tennvall G. , Reike H. , Spraul M. , Uccioli L. , Urbancic V. , van Acker K. , van Baal J. , Schaper N. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo identify the factors responsible for the low health‐related quality of life associated with foot ulcers and the relative importance of these factors.MethodsA total of 1232 patients with a new foot ulcer, who presented at one of the 14 centres in 10 European countries participating in the Eurodiale study, were included in this cross‐sectional study. Patient and ulcer characteristics were obtained as well as results from the Euro‐Qol‐5D questionnaire, a health‐related quality of life instrument with five domains (mobility, self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). To analyse the relative importance of comorbidities and ulcer‐ and patient‐related factors for health‐related quality of life, linear regression models were used to calculate the relative contributions of each factor to the fit (R2) of the model.ResultsPatients reported poor overall health‐related quality of life, with problems primarily in the mobility and pain/discomfort domains. Among the comorbidities, the inability to stand or walk without help was the most important determinant of decreased health‐related quality of life in all five domains. Among ulcer‐related factors, ulcer size, limb‐threatening ischaemia and elevated C‐reactive protein concentration also had high importance in all domains. The clinical diagnosis of infection, peripheral arterial disease and polyneuropathy were only important in the pain/discomfort domain.ConclusionsThe factors that determine health‐related quality of life are diverse and to an extent not disease‐specific. To improve health‐related quality of life, treatment should not only be focused on ulcer healing but a multifactorial approach by a specialized multidisciplinary team is also important.
Association of living alone with the presence of undiagnosed diabetes in Japanese men: the role of modifiable risk factors for diabetes: Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 13 (TOPICS 13)
Authors: Heianza Y. , Arase Y. , Kodama S. , Hsieh S. D. , Tsuji H. , Saito K. , Shimano H. , Hara S. , Sone H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether living alone was associated with the presence of undiagnosed diabetes and whether this association could be attenuated by modifiable lifestyle habits.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 6400 Japanese men without a history of diagnosed diabetes. Individuals with currently undiagnosed diabetes were identified through fasting glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c concentration ≥ 48 mmol⁄mol (≥ 6.5%). Effect modification was examined using body mass index, hypertension, history of dyslipidaemia, drinking habits, smoking habits, physical activity, vegetable intake, emotional stress and depressed mood.ResultsMen who lived alone (n = 1098) had a significantly elevated odds ratio for having undiagnosed diabetes in an age‐adjusted model (odds ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.07, 1.96; P = 0.018). After adjustment for lifestyle factors, the association was slightly attenuated (odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.02, 1.91; P = 0.036). After further adjustment for all factors mentioned above, living alone was still marginally significantly associated with the presence of undiagnosed diabetes (odds ratio 1.38, 95% CI 1.003, 1.90; P = 0.048). A significant association of living alone with the presence of undetected diabetes was particularly observed among men who were overweight, currently smoked and were physically inactive, or had any one of those three factors.ConclusionsThe association between undiagnosed diabetes and living alone can be partially influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors. Men who lived alone, especially those who did not engage in favourable lifestyle habits, were more likely to have undiagnosed diabetes. Such individuals have a higher probability of having undetected diabetic hyperglycaemia and would need to undergo glucose tests to identify the disease.
Elevated peripheral leukocyte counts in acute cervical artery dissection
Authors: Grond‐Ginsbach C. , Giossi A. , Aksay S. S. , Engelter S. T. , Lyrer P. A. , Metso T. M. , Metso A. J. , Tatlisumak T. , Debette S. , Leys D. , Thijs V. , Bersano A. , Abboud S. , Kloss M. , Lichy C. , Grau A. , Pezzini A. , Touzé E. ,   CADISP group
Published: June 2013

Background and purposeIt has been suggested that inflammation may play a role in the development of cervical artery dissection (CeAD), but evidence remains scarce.MethodsA total of 172 patients were included with acute (< 24 h) CeAD and 348 patients with acute ischaemic stroke (IS) of other (non‐CeAD) causes from the Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) study, and 223 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. White blood cell (WBC) counts collected at admission were compared across the three groups.ResultsCompared with healthy control subjects, CeAD patients and non‐CeAD stroke patients had higher WBC counts (P < 0.001). Patients with CeAD had higher WBC counts and were more likely to have WBC > 10 000/μl than non‐CeAD stroke patients (38.4% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.001) and healthy controls (38.4% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001). WBC counts were higher in CeAD (9.4 ± 3.3) than in IS of other causes (large artery atherosclerosis, 8.7 ± 2.3; cardioembolism, 8.2 ± 2.8; small vessel disease, 8.4 ± 2.4; undetermined cause, 8.8 ± 3.1; P = 0.022). After adjustment for age, sex, stroke severity and vascular risk factors in a multiple regression model, elevated WBC count remained associated with CeAD, as compared with non‐CeAD stroke patients [odds ratio (OR) = 2.56; 95% CI 1.60–4.11; P < 0.001) and healthy controls (OR = 6.27; 95% CI 3.39–11.61; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAcute CeAD was associated with particularly high WBC counts. Leukocytosis may reflect a pre‐existing inflammatory state, supporting the link between inflammation and CeAD.