bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment health measures and complications after surgical management of elderly women with breast cancer
Authors: Lavelle K , Sowerbutts A M , Bundred N , Pilling M , Todd C 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Elderly patients with breast cancer are less likely to be offered surgery, partly owing to co-morbidities and reduced functional ability. However, there is little consensus on how best to assess surgical risk in this patient group.

Methods
The ability of pretreatment health measures to predict complications was investigated in a prospective cohort study of a consecutive series of women aged at least 70 years undergoing surgery for operable (stage I–IIIa) breast cancer at 22 English breast units between 2010 and 2013. Data on treatment, surgical complications, health measures and tumour characteristics were collected by case-note review and/or patient interview. Outcome measures were all complications and serious complications within 30 days of surgery.

Results
The study included 664 women. One or more complications were experienced by 41·0 per cent of the patients, predominantly seroma or primary/minor infections. Complications were serious in 6·5 per cent. More extensive surgery predicted a higher number of complications, but not serious complications. Older age did not predict complications. Several health measures were associated with complications in univariable analysis, and were included in multivariable analyses, adjusting for type/extent of surgery and tumour characteristics. In the final models, pain predicted a higher count of complications (incidence rate ratio 1·01, 95 per cent c.i. 1·00 to 1·01; P = 0·004). Fatigue (odds ratio (OR) 1·02, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·03; P = 0·004), low platelet count (OR 4·19, 1·03 to 17·12: P = 0·046) and pulse rate (OR 0·96, 0·93 to 0·99; P = 0·010) predicted serious complications.

Conclusion
The risk of serious complications from breast surgery is low for older patients. Surgical decisions should be based on patient fitness rather than age. Health measures that predict surgical risk were identified in multivariable models, but the effects were weak, with 95 per cent c.i. close to unity.
Theoretical Investigation on the Chemistry of Entrapment of the Elusive Aminoborane (H2NBH2) Molecule
Authors: Malakar Tanmay , Bhunya Sourav , Paul Ankan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAminoborane (H2NBH2) is an elusive entity and is thought to be produced during dehydropolymerization of ammonia borane, a molecule of prime interest in the field of chemical hydrogen storage. The entrapment of H2NBH2 through hydroboration of exogenous cyclohexene has emerged as a routine technique to infer if free H2NBH2 is produced or not during metal‐catalyzed ammonia borane dehydrogenation reactions. But to date, the underlying mechanism of this trapping reaction remains unexplored. Herein, by using DFT calculations, we have investigated the mechanism of trapping of H2NBH2 by cyclohexene. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our study revealed that the trapping of H2NBH2 does not occur through direct hydroboration of H2NBH2 on the double bond of cyclohexene. We found that autocatalysis by H2NBH2 is crucial for the entrapment of another H2NBH2 molecule by cyclohexene. Additionally, nucleophilic assistance from the solvent is also implicated for the entrapment reaction carried out in nucleophilic solvents. In THF, the rate‐determining barrier for formation of the trapping product was predicted to be 16.7 kcal mol−1 at M06 L(CPCM) level of theory.
Impact of the Nature of the Organic Spacer on the Crystallization Kinetics of UiO‐66(Zr)‐Type MOFs
Authors: Ragon Florence , Chevreau Hubert , Devic Thomas , Serre Christian , Horcajada Patricia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe influence of the constitutive dicarboxylate linkers (size, functional group) over the crystallization kinetics of a series of porous Zr metal–organic frameworks with the UiO‐66 topology has been investigated by in situ time‐resolved energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD). Both large aromatic spacers (2,6‐naphthalene‐, 4,4′‐biphenyl‐ and 3,3′‐dichloro‐4,4′‐azobenzene‐dicarboxylates) and a series of X‐functionalized terephthalates (X=NH2, NO2, Br, CH3) were investigated in dimethylformamide (DMF) at different temperatures and compared with the parent UiO‐66. Using different crystallization models, rate constants and further kinetic parameters (such as activation energy) have been extracted. Finally, the impact of the replacement of the toxic DMF by water on the crystallization kinetics was studied through the synthesis of the functionalized UiO‐66‐NO2 solid.
Negatively Charged Metallacarborane Redox Couples with Both Members Stable to Air
Authors: Lupu Marius , Zaulet Adnana , Teixidor Francesc , Ruiz Eliseo , Viñas Clara 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe metallacarborane [3,3′‐Co(1,2‐closo‐C2B9H11)2]− has been synthesized. This species allows the formation of redox couples in which both partners are negatively charged. The E1/2 potential can be tuned by adjusting the nature and number of substituents on B and C. The octaiodinated species [3,3′‐Co(1,2‐closo‐C2B9H7I4)2]− is the most favorable, as it is isolatable and stable in air. A DFT study on stability and redox potentials of complexes has been performed.
meso‐Ester Corroles
Authors: Canard Gabriel , Gao Di , D'Aléo Anthony , Giorgi Michel , Dang Florian‐Xuan , Balaban Teodor Silviu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe introduction of ester groups on the 5‐ and 15‐meso positions of corroles stabilizes them against oxidation and induces a redshift of their absorption and emission spectra. These effects are studied through the photophysical and electrochemical characterization of up to 16 different 5,15‐diester corroles, in which the third meso position is free or occupied by an aryl group, a long alkyl chain, or an ester moiety. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of five 5,15‐diestercorroles and DFT and time‐dependent DFT calculations show that the strong electron‐withdrawing character of the 5,15 ester substituents is reinforced by their π overlap with the macrocyclic aromatic system. The crystal packing of corroles 2, 4, 6, 9, and 15 features short distances between chromophores that are stacked into columns thanks to the low steric hindrance of meso‐ester groups. This close packing is partially due to intermolecular interactions that involve inner hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, and thereby, stabilize a single, identical corrole tautomeric form.
Postsynthetic Exterior Decoration of an Organic Cage by Copper(I)‐Catalysed A3‐Coupling and Detection of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Acharyya Koushik , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new synthetic protocol based on one‐pot, copper(I)‐catalysed multicomponent reaction of formaldehyde, secondary amine and terminal alkyne has been employed to postsynthetically modify a self‐assembled nanoscopic organic cage. By employing this synthetic strategy, three new cages appended with phenyl‐, xylyl‐ and naphthyl‐acetylene moieties have been synthesised. The resulting modified cages were characterised by using a range of spectroscopic techniques. The synthesised cages were fluorescent and thus one of them was tested to explore the potential use of such compounds as chemosensors for the detection of nitroaromatics. Experimental findings suggest a high selective quenching of initial fluorescence intensity in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds. Furthermore, it has been observed that among the various nitroaromatics tested, nitrophenolic compounds have better quenching ability.
Immobilized Catalysts for Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination: Rate Enhancement by Immobilization
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Helmchen Günter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe first immobilized catalyst for Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic aminations is described. The catalyst is a cationic (π‐allyl)Ir complex bound by cation exchange to an anionic silica gel support. Preparation of the catalyst is facile, and the supported catalyst displayed considerably enhanced activity compared with the parent homogeneous catalyst. Up to 43 consecutive amination runs were possible in recycling experiments.
The First Lutetacyclopentadienes: Synthesis, Structure, and Diversified Insertion/CH Activation Reactivity
Authors: Xu Ling , Wang Yu‐Chen , Wei Junnian , Wang Yang , Wang Zitao , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe first well‐defined lutetacyclopentadienes are synthesised from pentamethylcyclopentadienyl lithium (Cp*Li), 1,4‐dilithio‐1,3‐butadienes, and LuCl3. The lutetacyclopentadiene shows excellent reactivity towards some small molecules, such as pivalaldehyde, Se, carbon dioxide, and isonitrile to efficiently construct 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, 8‐, and 9‐membered rare‐earth metallacycles. Both monoinsertion and double‐insertion of two LuC bonds are observed. Specially, the reaction between lutetacyclopentadiene and isonitrile afforded [3,5,5]‐fused metallacycles. The distinguished reactivity can be attributed to the highly ionic character and the cooperative reactivity of two LuC bonds.
Enhancing Phosphate Diester Cleavage by a Zinc Complex through Controlling Nucleophile Coordination
Authors: Tirel Emmanuel Y. , Williams Nicholas H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMetal‐ion complexes are the most effective artificial catalysts capable of cleaving phosphate diesters under mild aqueous conditions. A central strategy for making these complexes highly reactive has been to use ligand‐based alcohols that are coordinated to the ion, providing an ionised nucleophile under neutral conditions but at the expense of deactivating it. We have created a highly reactive Zn complex that is 350‐fold more reactive than an alcohol analogue by preventing the nucleophile binding to the metal ion. This strategy successfully delivers the benefits of efficient nucleophile delivery without strongly deactivating the metal ion Lewis acidity nor the oxyanion nucleophilicity. Varying the leaving group reveals that the transition state of the reaction is much further advanced than the reaction with hydroxide.
Novel 1,4‐Substituted‐1,2,3‐Triazoles as Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Altimari Jarrad M. , Hockey Samantha C. , Boshoff Helena I. , Sajid Andaleeb , Henderson Luke C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a pressing unmet medical need, particularly with the emergence of multidrug‐resistant and extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis. Here, a series of 1,4‐substituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles have been synthesized and evaluated as potential antitubercular agents. These compounds were assembled via click chemistry in high crude purity and in moderate to high yield. Of the compounds tested, 12 compounds showed promising antitubercular activity with six possessing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <10 μg mL−1, and total selectivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth inhibition. A second set of 21 compounds bearing variations on ring C were synthesized and evaluated. This second library gave an additional six compounds displaying MIC values ≤10 μg mL−1 and total selectivity for Mtb growth inhibition. These compounds serve as an excellent starting point for further development of antitubercular therapies.
Development of a cognitive testing apparatus for socially housed mother‐peer‐reared infant rhesus monkeys
Authors: Dettmer Amanda M. , Murphy Ashley M. , Suomi Stephen J. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThough cognitive testing of infant monkeys has been practiced for the past 40 years, these assessments have been limited primarily to nursery‐reared infants due to the confounds of separating mother‐reared infants for assessments. Here, we describe a pilot study in which we developed a cognitive testing apparatus for socially housed, mother‐peer‐reared rhesus macaques under 1 year of age (Macaca mulatta) that allowed the infants to freely return to their mothers for contact comfort. Infants aged 151.2 ± 18.3 days (mean ± SEM; n = 5) were trained and tested on an object detour reach task. Infants completed training in 5.0 ± 0.2 days, and completed testing in 6.2 ± 0.9 days. Across 4 days of testing, infants improved to nearly errorless performance (Friedman test: χ2 = 13.27, df = 3, p = 0.004) and learned to do the task more quickly (Friedman test: χ2 = 11.69, df = 3, p = 0.009). These are the first cognitive data in group‐housed, mother‐peer‐reared rhesus monkeys under 1 year of age, and they underscore the utility of this apparatus for studying cognitive development in a normative population of infant monkeys. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Dev Psychobiol :349–355, 2015.
Decreased Bdnf expression and reduced social behavior in periadolescent rats following prenatal stress
Authors: Berry Alessandra , Panetta Pamela , Luoni Alessia , Bellisario Veronica , Capoccia Sara , Riva Marco Andrea , Cirulli Francesca 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPrenatal stress (PNS) is a risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study was aimed at assessing, in a rodent model, changes in gene expression profiles and behavioral output as a result of PNS, during periadolescence, a critical developmental period for the onset of psychopathology. Social behavior was studied in a standardized social interaction paradigm and the expression of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf), a marker of neuronal plasticity, and of inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms (Na+–K+–2Cl−and K+–Cl− cotransporters ratio, NKCC1/KCC2) was analyzed. Results indicate that PNS reduced Bdnf transcripts while increasing the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio, primarily in the hippocampus. In the prefrontal cortex, changes in Bdnf were found to be gender‐dependent. These effects were accompanied by reduced levels of affiliative and investigative social behaviors. Interestingly, interaction with non‐stressed subjects was able to improve sociality in PNS rats suggesting that the social environment could be exploited for therapeutic intervention. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 365–373, 2015.
“It takes two”: The interaction between parenting and child temperament on parents' stress physiology
Authors: Merwin Stephanie M. , Smith Victoria C. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe biological basis of parenting has received recent attention given the profound effects of parenting on both child and parent health outcomes. This study examined the moderating role of child temperamental effortful control on the association between observed parental hostility and parents' cortisol awakening response (CAR), a critical index of stress system functioning. Participants included 149 parents and their preschool‐aged children. Parents obtained salivary cortisol samples at waking, and 30 and 45 min post‐waking across two consecutive days. Parental hostility was assessed during an observational parent–child interaction task, and child effortful control was assessed using parent report. Parental hostility was associated with parents' lower cortisol levels at 30 and 45 min post‐waking and lower CAR. Moreover, results demonstrated an interaction between parenting and child temperament on parent CAR. The findings highlight the need to examine the interplay between parenting and child temperament on parents' stress physiology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 336–348, 2015.
Neuronal plasticity in the mushroom body calyx during adult maturation in the honeybee and possible pheromonal influences
Authors: Muenz Thomas S. , Groh Claudia , Maisonnasse Alban , Le Conte Yves , Plettner Erika , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTHoneybee workers express a pronounced age‐dependent polyethism switching from various indoor duties to foraging outside the hive. This transition is accompanied by tremendous changes in the sensory environment that sensory systems and higher brain centers have to cope with. Foraging and age have earlier been shown to be associated with volume changes in the mushroom bodies (MBs). Using age‐ and task‐controlled bees this study provides a detailed framework of neuronal maturation processes in the MB calyx during the course of natural behavioral maturation. We show that the MB calyx volume already increases during the first week of adult life. This process is mainly driven by broadening of the Kenyon cell dendritic branching pattern and then followed by pruning of projection neuron axonal boutons during the actual transition from indoor to outdoor duties. To further investigate the flexible regulation of division of labor and its neuronal correlates in a honeybee colony, we studied the modulation of the nurse‐forager transition via a chemical communication system, the primer pheromone ethyl oleate (EO). EO is found at high concentrations on foragers in contrast to nurse bees and was shown to delay the onset of foraging. In this study, EO effects on colony behavior were not as robust as expected, and we found no direct correlation between EO treatment and synaptic maturation in the MB calyx. In general, we assume that the primer pheromone EO rather acts in concert with other factors influencing the onset of foraging with its effect being highly adaptive. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1368–1384, 2015
MicroRNAs in the axon locally mediate the effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and cGMP on axonal growth
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chopp Michael , Liu Xian Shuang , Kassis Haifa , Wang Xinli , Li Chao , An Guangning , Zhang Zheng Gang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAxonal miRNAs locally regulate axonal growth by modulating local protein composition. Whether localized miRNAs in the axon mediate the inhibitory effect of Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on the axon remains unknown. We showed that in cultured cortical neurons, axonal application of CSPGs inhibited axonal growth and altered axonal miRNA profiles, whereas elevation of axonal cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels by axonal application of sildenafil reversed the effect of CSPGs on inhibition of axonal growth and on miRNA profiles. Specifically, CSPGs elevated and reduced axonal levels of miR‐29c and integrin β1 (ITGB1) proteins, respectively, while elevation of cGMP levels overcame these CSPG effects. Gain‐of‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that miR‐29c in the distal axon mediates axonal growth downstream of CSPGs and cGMP by regulating axonal protein levels of ITGB1, FAK, and RhoA. Together, our data demonstrate that axonal miRNAs play an important role in mediating the inhibitory action of CSPGs on axonal growth and that miR‐29c at least partially mediates this process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1402–1419, 2015
The effect of biogeographic and phylogeographic barriers on gene flow in the brown smoothhound shark, Mustelus henlei, in the northeastern Pacific
Authors: Chabot Chris L. , Espinoza Mario , Mascareñas‐Osorio Ismael , Rocha‐Olivares Axayácatl 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe assessed the effects of the prominent biogeographic (Point Conception and the Peninsula of Baja California) and phylogeographic barriers (Los Angeles Region) of the northeastern Pacific on the population connectivity of the brown smoothhound shark, Mustelus henlei (Triakidae). Data from the mitochondrial control region and six nuclear microsatellite loci revealed significant population structure among three populations: northern (San Francisco), central (Santa Barbara, Santa Catalina, Punta Lobos, and San Felipe), and southern (Costa Rica). Patterns of long‐term and contemporary migration were incongruent, with long‐term migration being asymmetric and occurring in a north to south direction and a lack of significant contemporary migration observed between localities with the exception of Punta Lobos that contributed migrants to all localities within the central population. Our findings indicate that Point Conception may be restricting gene flow between the northern and central populations whereas barriers to gene flow within the central population would seem to be ineffective; additionally, a contemporary expansion of tropical M. henlei into subtropical and temperate waters may have been observed.
Sensing of Audience Excitation and Boredom Emotion Based on the Synchrony of Sitting Body Sway
Authors: WATAYA RYO , IWAI DAISUKE , SATO KOUSUKE 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYMore and more recent studies of emotion estimation have taken the approach of ambient sensing, where users are monitored without constraining their bodies and without being aware of the sensing system. Few of them, however, focus on audience emotions. We attempted to examine audience emotions, which are difficult to estimate when using only individual data, and which come to be estimated more easily when using ambient sensing of synchrony among multiple users. We developed an ambient sensing chair, which employs wireless sensors to determine the center of force of the seated user, and designed an experiment for an audience watching a soccer game on TV or a technical presentation in order to examine the relationship between audience body sway and emotional states in a natural situation. We found that synchrony could be well correlated with audience excitement and boredom, something not observable in the individual data. These results indicate the possibility of development of service marketing systems that evaluate TV content, and feedback systems that give notice of the emotional state of an audience to a presenter.
Development of a One‐Dimensional Fluxgate Array and Its Application to Magnetocardiogram Measurements
Authors: HARADA SHOUMU , SASADA ICHIRO , HANG FENG 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYWe have designed an excitation part of the driving circuit of the fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate (FG) to avoid an interference problem between fluxgates that may occur when individually operating fluxgates are placed closely. In this new design, three sensor heads are driven by a common excitation current while their outputs are processed separately to yield their own outputs. With magnetometers of this design, we have built a 6‐channel FG array of a linear arrangement with the spacing of 3 cm, as a step to a 6 × 6 fluxgate array. The excitation frequency was shared by two excitation circuits, each of which provides a set of three sensor heads with the excitation current. A magnetocardiogram (MCG) was measured with the 6‐channel FG array by repeatedly sliding the top plate of a bed carrying a healthy volunteer by 3 cm. The distribution of the QRS complex observed on a 5 × 6 of array measurement points resembles with that observed by a SQUID MCG measurement system.
Rare‐Earth Plasma Beyond Extreme Ultraviolet (BEUV) Sources at 6.x nm
Authors: OTSUKA TAKAMITSU , HIGASHIGUCHI TAKESHI , YUGAMI NOBORU 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYWe have studied self‐absorption effects of a laser‐produced plasma (LPP) source at 6.x nm as a function of laser pulse duration and viewing angle. The spectral profiles are shown to have a strong dependence on the viewing angle. Absorption effects are less pronounced when a 150‐ps pulse duration is used due to reduced opacity resulting from plasma expansion. Conversion efficiencies and ion energies are also measured as a function of laser pulse duration and laser power density. A maximum conversion efficiency of 0.4% within a 0.6% bandwidth was measured, and lower ion kinetic energy was observed. It is concluded that in order to reduce self‐absorption effects and ion yields, and increase conversion efficiencies, a short pulse duration should be used.