bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptin and Adiponectin Modulate the Self-renewal of Normal Human Breast Epithelial Stem Cells
Authors: Esper Raymond M. , Dame Michael , McClintock Shannon , Holt Peter R. , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Wicha Max S. , Brenner Dean E. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are likely to account for the link between obesity and increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are of particular interest due to their opposing biologic functions and associations with breast cancer risk. In the current study, we investigated the effects of leptin and adiponectin on normal breast epithelial stem cells. Levels of leptin in human adipose explant–derived conditioned media positively correlated with the size of the normal breast stem cell pool. In contrast, an inverse relationship was found for adiponectin. Moreover, a strong linear relationship was observed between the leptin/adiponectin ratio in adipose conditioned media and breast stem cell self-renewal. Consistent with these findings, exogenous leptin stimulated whereas adiponectin suppressed breast stem cell self-renewal. In addition to local in-breast effects, circulating factors, including leptin and adiponectin, may contribute to the link between obesity and breast cancer. Increased levels of leptin and reduced amounts of adiponectin were found in serum from obese compared with age-matched lean postmenopausal women. Interestingly, serum from obese women increased stem cell self-renewal by 30% compared with only 7% for lean control serum. Taken together, these data suggest a plausible explanation for the obesity-driven increase in postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Leptin and adiponectin may function as both endocrine and paracrine/juxtacrine factors to modulate the size of the normal stem cell pool. Interventions that disrupt this axis and thereby normalize breast stem cell self-renewal could reduce the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 8(12); 1174–83. ©2015 AACR.
Long-Term Suppression of Atrial Fibrillation by Botulinum Toxin Injection Into Epicardial Fat Pads in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Pokushalov Evgeny , Kozlov Boris , Romanov Alexander , Strelnikov Artem , Bayramova Sevda , Sergeevichev David , Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander , Zheleznev Sergey , Shipulin Vladimir , Lomivorotov Vladimir V. , Karaskov Alexander , Po Sunny S. , Steinberg Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Animal models suggest that the neurotransmitter inhibitor, botulinum toxin, when injected into the epicardial fat pads can suppress atrial fibrillation inducibility. The aim of this prospective randomized double-blind study was to compare the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection into epicardial fat pads for preventing atrial tachyarrhythmias.

Methods and Results—

Patients with history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and indication for coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to botulinum toxin (Xeomin, Merz, Germany; 50 U/1 mL at each fat pad; n=30) or placebo (0.9% normal saline, 1 mL at each fat pad; n=30) injection into epicardial fat pads during surgery. Patients were followed for 1 year to assess maintenance of sinus rhythm using an implantable loop recorder. All patients in both groups had successful epicardial fat pad injections without complications. The incidence of early postoperative atrial fibrillation within 30 days after coronary artery bypass graft was 2 of 30 patients (7%) in the botulinum toxin group and 9 of 30 patients (30%) in the placebo group (
P
=0.024). Between 30 days and up to the 12-month follow-up examination, 7 of the 30 patients in the placebo group (27%) and none of the 30 patients in the botulinum toxin group (0%) had recurrent atrial fibrillation (
P
=0.002). There were no complications observed during the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions—
Botulinum toxin injection into epicardial fat pads during coronary artery bypass graft provided substantial atrial tachyarrhythmia suppression both early as well as during 1-year follow-up, without any serious adverse events.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01842529.
Estrogen Metabolite 16α-Hydroxyestrone Exacerbates Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type II–Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through MicroRNA-29–Mediated Modulation of Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Chen Xinping , Talati Megha , Fessel Joshua P. , Hemnes Anna R. , Gladson Santhi , French Jaketa , Shay Sheila , Trammell Aaron , Phillips John A. , Hamid Rizwan , Cogan Joy D. , Dawson Elliott P. , Womble Kristie E. , Hedges Lora K. , Martinez Elizabeth G. , Wheeler Lisa A. , Loyd James E. , Majka Susan J. , West James , Austin Eric D. 
Published: October 2015

Background—
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a proliferative disease of the pulmonary vasculature that preferentially affects women. Estrogens such as the metabolite 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE) may contribute to PAH pathogenesis, and alterations in cellular energy metabolism associate with PAH. We hypothesized that 16αOHE promotes heritable PAH (HPAH) via microRNA-29 (miR-29) family upregulation and that antagonism of miR-29 would attenuate pulmonary hypertension in transgenic mouse models of Bmpr2 mutation.

Methods and Results—
MicroRNA array profiling of human lung tissue found elevation of microRNAs associated with energy metabolism, including the miR-29 family, among HPAH patients. miR-29 expression was 2-fold higher in Bmpr2 mutant mice lungs at baseline compared with controls and 4 to 8-fold higher in Bmpr2 mice exposed to 16αOHE 1.25 μg/h for 4 weeks. Blot analyses of Bmpr2 mouse lung protein showed significant reductions in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ and CD36 in those mice exposed to 16αOHE and protein derived from HPAH lungs compared with controls. Bmpr2 mice treated with anti–miR-29 (20-mg/kg injections for 6 weeks) had improvements in hemodynamic profile, histology, and markers of dysregulated energy metabolism compared with controls. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells derived from Bmpr2 murine lungs demonstrated mitochondrial abnormalities, which improved with anti–miR-29 transfection in vitro; endothelial-like cells derived from HPAH patient induced pluripotent stem cell lines were similar and improved with anti–miR-29 treatment.

Conclusions—
16αOHE promotes the development of HPAH via upregulation of miR-29, which alters molecular and functional indexes of energy metabolism. Antagonism of miR-29 improves in vivo and in vitro features of HPAH and reveals a possible novel therapeutic target.
Dialysis Requiring Acute Kidney Injury in Acute Cerebrovascular Accident Hospitalizations
Authors: Nadkarni Girish N. , Patel Achint A. , Konstantinidis Ioannis , Mahajan Abhimanyu , Agarwal Shiv Kumar , Kamat Sunil , Annapureddy Narender , Benjo Alexandre , Thakar Charuhas V. 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
The epidemiology of dialysis requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-D) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) admissions is poorly understood with previous studies being from a single center or year.

Methods—
We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to evaluate the yearly incidence trends of AKI-D in hospitalizations with AIS and ICH from 2002 to 2011. We also evaluated the trend of impact of AKI-D on in-hospital mortality and adverse discharge using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after adjusting for demographics and comorbidity indices.

Results—

We extracted a total of 3 937 928 and 696 754 hospitalizations with AIS and ICH, respectively. AKI-D occurred in 1.5 and 3.5 per 1000 in AIS and ICH admissions, respectively. Incidence of admissions complicated by AKI-D doubled from 0.9/1000 to 1.7/1000 in AIS and from 2.1/1000 to 4.3/1000 in ICH admissions. In AIS admissions, AKI-D was associated with 30% higher odds of mortality (aOR, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.48;
P
<0.001) and 18% higher odds of adverse discharge (aOR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.37;
P
<0.001). Similarly, in ICH admissions, AKI-D was associated with twice the odds of mortality (aOR, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.61–2.36;
P
<0.01) and 74% higher odds of adverse discharge (aOR, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.24;
P
<0.01). Attributable risk percent of mortality was high with AKI-D (98%–99%) and did not change significantly over the study period.

Conclusions—
Incidence of AKI-D complicating hospitalizations with cerebrovascular accident continues to grow and is associated with increased mortality and adverse discharge. This highlights the need for early diagnosis, better risk stratification, and preparedness for need for complex long-term care in this vulnerable population.
Endovascular Therapy Is Effective and Safe for Patients With Severe Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Broderick Joseph P. , Berkhemer Olvert A. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Foster Lydia D. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , van der Lugt Aad , Tomsick Thomas A. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , van Zwam Wim H. , Demchuk Andrew M. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Khatri Pooja , Lingsma Hester F. , Hill Michael D. , Roozenbeek Bob , Jauch Edward C. , Jovin Tudor G. , Yan Bernard , von Kummer Rüdiger , Molina Carlos A. , Goyal Mayank , Schonewille Wouter J. , Mazighi Mikael , Engelter Stefan T. , Anderson Craig S. , Spilker Judith , Carrozzella Janice , Ryckborst Karla J. , Janis L. Scott , Simpson Kit N. ,   for the IMS III and MR CLEAN Investigators
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
We assessed the effect of endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke patients with severe neurological deficit (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, ≥20) after a prespecified analysis plan.

Methods—
The pooled analysis of the Interventional Management of Stroke III (IMS III) and Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) trials included participants with an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥20 before intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment (IMS III) or randomization (MR CLEAN) who were treated with intravenous tPA ≤3 hours of stroke onset. Our hypothesis was that participants with severe stroke randomized to endovascular therapy after intravenous tPA would have improved 90-day outcome (distribution of modified Rankin Scale scores), when compared with those who received intravenous tPA alone.

Results—
Among 342 participants in the pooled analysis (194 from IMS III and 148 from MR CLEAN), an ordinal logistic regression model showed that the endovascular group had superior 90-day outcome compared with the intravenous tPA group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–2.66). In the logistic regression model of the dichotomous outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2, or functional independence), the endovascular group had superior outcomes (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–3.56). Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, ≤2) at 90 days was 25% in the endovascular group when compared with 14% in the intravenous tPA group.

Conclusions—
Endovascular therapy after intravenous tPA within 3 hours of symptom onset improves functional outcome at 90 days after severe ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00359424 (IMS III) and ISRCTN10888758 (MR CLEAN).
Percutaneous nerve field stimulation (PENS) of the occipital region as a possible predictor for occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) responsiveness in refractory headache disorders? A feasibility study
Authors: Kinfe TM , Pintea B , Roeske S , Güresir Á , Güresir E , Vatter H 
Published: October 2015

Background Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has been reported to diminish pain levels in intractable chronic headache syndromes of different origin. No reliable objective markers exist to predict ONS responsiveness. This study investigated the predictive value of occipital percutaneous nerve field stimulation (PENS) prior to ONS. Methods This trial included 12 patients (CCH, CM, PTH, CH) with chronic refractory headache syndromes eligible for ONS. Repetitive PENS (3 × /10 days) was performed and the headache severity/frequency monitored over four weeks before ONS implantation. Further assessment of PENS/ONS outcomes were stimulation-related complications, perception/tolerance stimulation threshold, the Migraine Disability Scale (MIDAS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results All PENS responders benefited from ONS. Of the seven PENS-nonresponders with VAS 6.1(±1.1), six experienced significant pain relief from ONS after three months and one patient failed the PENS/ONS trial (VAS 3.7 (±1.6)); (95% CI 3.6 to 5.7, p < 0.001). The VAS baseline was 8.4 (±0.5) and decreased significantly (50% reduction in severity/frequency) in five patients after PENS, while seven failed to improve (VAS 4.9 (±1.1); (95% CI 2.5 to 4.5, p < 0.001). BDI baseline (from 22.6 (±4.2) to 10.6 (±5.9) (95% CI 7.4 to 16.6, p < 0.001)) and MIDAS baseline (from 143.9 (±14.5) to 72.8 (±28.7) (95% CI 1.17 to 2.3, p < 0.001)) significantly declined after ONS. No PENS/ONS-related complications occurred. Conclusions Presurgical applied occipital PENS failed to identify ONS responders sufficiently according to our study protocol, thus requiring further specific investigations to determine its predictive usefulness.
Assessing Child Nutrient Intakes Using a Tablet-Based 24-Hour Recall Tool in Rural Zambia
Authors: Caswell Bess L. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Dyer Brian , Siamusantu Ward , Klemm Rolf D. W. , Palmer Amanda C. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Detailed dietary intake data in low-income populations are needed for research and program evaluation. However, collection of such data by paper-based 24-hour recall imposes substantial demands for staff time and expertise, training, materials, and data entry. Objective: To describe our development and use of a tablet-based 24-hour recall tool for conducting dietary intake surveys in remote settings. Methods: We designed a 24-hour recall tool using Open Data Kit software on an Android tablet platform. The tool contains a list of local foods, questions on portion size, cooking method, ingredients, and food source and prompts to guide interviewers. We used this tool to interview caregivers on dietary intakes of children participating in an efficacy trial of provitamin A-biofortified maize conducted in Mkushi, a rural district in central Zambia. Participants were children aged 4 to 8 years not yet enrolled in school (n = 938). Dietary intake data were converted to nutrient intakes using local food composition and recipe tables. Results: We developed a tablet-based 24-hour recall tool and used it to collect dietary data among 928 children. The majority of foods consumed were maize, leafy vegetable, or small fish dishes. Median daily energy intake was 6416 kJ (1469 kcal). Conclusions: Food and nutrient intakes assessed using the tablet-based tool were consistent with those reported in prior research. The tool was easily used by interviewers without prior nutrition training or computing experience. Challenges remain to improve programming, but the tool is an innovation that enables efficient collection of 24-hour recall data in remote settings.
From Oedipus to PACE, using the concepts of shame and guilt as golden thread
Authors: Beckmann Klaus Martin 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: To demonstrate that antiquity’s concepts of shame and guilt developed in their meaning over the centuries and can still have practical applicability in psychological therapies these days. Methods: To review shame and guilt in philosophy, history, ethics and psychiatry contexts. Within limitations, a narrative is presented, starting with Oedipus in antiquity, visiting several important philosophical theories and ending in the present time with, for example, Dan Hughes’ PACE model for therapy. Results: The first part expands on selected ideas presented in Melvyn Bragg’s 2007 BBC radio programme entitled ‘Guilt’; the second part adds selected therapeutic models where concepts of shame and guilt play a role. Conclusions: Shame and guilt are archaic but quintessential concepts that already occupied thinkers in antiquity. Shame and guilt are concepts that preoccupied science and art over the millennia and continue as useful concepts to the present day. Moreover, shame and guilt, as concepts, continue to play a salient role in recent and contemporary psychiatry.
#IHMayDay: tweeting for empowerment and social and emotional wellbeing
Authors: Sweet Melissa , Geia Lynore , Dudgeon Pat , McCallum Kerry 
Published: October 2015

Objective: This paper examines the themes of #IHMayDay, a day-long Twitter discussion about Indigenous health led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples on 1 May 2014. Method: The Symplur analytics tool was used to identify the Twitter activity associated with #IHMayDay. This paper reviews the content of 423 tweets that were tweeted and retweeted by 346 individuals and 108 organisations. Results: Issues related to social and emotional wellbeing were dominant, and the analysis highlights the empowering nature of the strengths-based discourse. Conclusions: Twitter-based events such as #IHMayDay and initiatives such as the rotated, curated account @IndigenousX are powerful platforms for learning, exchange, advocacy and dialogue about the social and emotional wellbeing and mental health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Identification of the Ki-1 antigen (CD30) as a novel therapeutic target in systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Blatt Katharina , Cerny-Reiterer Sabine , Schwaab Juliana , Sotlar Karl , Eisenwort Gregor , Stefanzl Gabriele , Hoermann Gregor , Mayerhofer Matthias , Schneeweiss Mathias , Knapp Sylvia , Rülicke Thomas , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Bauer Karin , Smiljkovic Dubravka , Willmann Michael , Reiter Andreas , Horny Hans-Peter , Valent Peter 
Published: October 2015

Key Points
In a majority of patients with advanced SM, neoplastic MCs express the target receptor CD30. The CD30-targeting drug brentuximab-vedotin blocks growth and survival in CD30+ neoplastic MCs which favors drug development in advanced SM.
Metamorphic remodeling of morphology and the body cavity in Phoronopsis harmeri (Lophotrochozoa, Phoronida): the evolution of the phoronid body plan and life cycle
Authors: Temereva Elena N. , Malakhov Vladimir V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPhoronids undergo a remarkable metamorphosis, in which some parts of the larval body are consumed by the juvenile and the body plan completely changes. According to the only previous hypothesis concerning the evolution of the phoronid body plan, a hypothetical ancestor of phoronids inhabited a U-shaped burrow in soft sediment, where it drew the anterior and posterior parts of the body together and eventually fused them. In the current study, we investigated the metamorphosis ofPhoronopsis harmeriwith light, electron, and laser confocal microscopy.ResultsDuring metamorphosis, the larval hood is engulfed by the juvenile; the epidermis of the postroral ciliated band is squeezed from the tentacular epidermis and then engulfed; the larval telotroch undergoes cell death and disappears; and the juvenile body forms from the metasomal sack of the larva. The dorsal side of the larva becomes very short, whereas the ventral side becomes very long. The terminal portion of the juvenile body is the ampulla, which can repeatedly increase and decrease in diameter. This flexibility of the ampulla enables the juvenile to dig into the sediment. The large blastocoel of the larval collar gives rise to the lophophoral blood vessels of the juvenile. The dorsal blood vessel of the larva becomes the definitive median blood vessel. The juvenile inherits the larval protocoel, mesocoel, and metacoel. Late in metamorphosis, however, the protocoel loses its epithelial structure: the desmosomes between cells and the basal lamina under the cells disappear. This loss may reflect a reduction of the protocoel, which is a characteristic of some recent phoronids.ConclusionsBased on our investigation ofP. harmerimetamorphosis, we hypothesize that the phoronid ancestor was worm-like animal that possessed preoral, tentacular, and trunk coeloms. It lived on the soft sediment and collected food with its tentacles. When threatened, this worm-like ancestor buried itself in the soft sediment by means of the ventral protrusion into which the loop of the intestine and the blood vessels were drawn. We propose that this behavior gave rise to the body plan of all recent phoronids. The evolution of phoronid life cycle seems having more in common with“intercalation” than “terminal addition” theories.
Multidimensional common fixed point theorems under probabilistic φ-contractive conditions in multidimensional Menger probabilistic metric spaces
Authors: Zhu Chuanxi , Wei Zhe , Wu Zhaoqi , Xu Wenqing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the new concepts of multidimensional Menger probabilistic metric spaces and related fixed point for a pair of mappings T: $\underbrace{X\times X\times\cdots\times X}_{n}\rightarrow X $ and A: $X\rightarrow X$
X
→
X
. Utilizing the properties of the related triangular norm and the compatibility of A with T, some multidimensional common fixed point problems of hybrid probabilistic contractions with a gauge function φ are studied. The obtained results generalize some coupled and triple common fixed point theorems in the corresponding literature. Finally, an example is given to illustrate our main results.
Guidelines for burn rehabilitation in China
Authors:   Chinese Burn Association,   Chinese Association of Burn Surgeons, Cen Ying , Chai Jiake , Chen Huade , Chen Jian , Guo Guanghua , Han Chunmao , Hu Dahai , Huan Jingning , Huang Xiaoyuan , Jia Chiyu , Li-Tsang Cecilia WP , Li Jianan , Li Zongyu , Liu Qun , Liu Yi , Luo Gaoxing , Lv Guozhong , Niu Xihua , Peng Daizhi , Peng Yizhi , Qi Hongyan , Qi Shunzhen , Sheng Zhiyong , Tang Dan , Wang Yibing , Wu Jun , Xia Zhaofan , Xie Weiguo , Yang Hongming , Yi Xianfeng , Yu Lehua , Zhang Guoan ,   The Chinese Burn Care and Rehabilitation Association
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Quality of life and functional recovery after burn injury is the final goal of burn care, especially as most of burn patients survive the injury due to advanced medical science. However, dysfunction, disfigurement, contractures, psychological problems and other discomforts due to burns and the consequent scars are common, and physical therapy and occupational therapy provide alternative treatments for these problems of burn patients. This guideline, organized by the Chinese Burn Association and Chinese Association of Burn Surgeons aims to emphasize the importance of team work in burn care and provide a brief introduction of the outlines of physical and occupational therapies during burn treatment, which is suitable for the current medical circumstances of China. It can be used as the start of the tools for burn rehabilitation.