bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Paenilarvins: Iturin Family Lipopeptides from the Honey Bee Pathogen Paenibacillus larvae.
Authors: Sood Sakshi , Steinmetz Heinrich , Beims Hannes , Mohr Kathrin I. , Stadler Marc , Djukic Marvin , von der Ohe Werner , Steinert Michael , Daniel Rolf , Mueller Rolf 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIsolation and structure elucidation of three novel iturin‐type lipopeptides, paenilarvins A‐C, are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Phenylpropanoid and an Alkylglycoside from Piper Retrofractum Leaves with Their Antioxidant and α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Luyen Bui Thi Thuy , Tai Bui Huu , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Yang Seo Young , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Kwon Young In , Jang Hae Dong , Kim Young Ho 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo new compounds, piperoside (I) and an alkyl glycoside (II), are isolated together with ten known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Megastigmane Glucoside and Three New Flavonoid Glycosides from Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora
Authors: Yean Min Hye , Kim Ju Sun , Kang Sam Sik , Kim Yeong Shik 
Published: February 2015

Abstractisolation and structure elucidation of a new megastigmane glucoside, simplicifloranoside (I) and three new flavonol glycosides, prunifolianosides A—C (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Regio and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Keto Functionalized C‐Glycosides via Iron Catalyzed Ferrier Rearrangement Reactions.
Authors: Tan Hong Yee , Xiang Shaohua , Leng Wei Lin , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe first example of intermolecular regio‐ and stereoselective C‐glycosylation of glycals with a range of easily prepared β‐keto acids to form structurally diverse ketone functionalized C‐glycosides with moderate to good yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Antihypertensive Natural Products S‐(+)‐XJP and R‐(‐)‐XJP.
Authors: Wang Chaolei , Wei Guoxiang , Yang Xue , Yao Hequan , Jiang Jieyun , Liu Jie , Shen Mingqin , Wu Xiaoming , Xu Jinyi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe antihypertensive effects of the two enantiomers of (I) are examined in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Second Generation Nitrogen Doped Titania Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Electronic and Microstructural Picture
Authors: Spadavecchia Francesca , Ceotto Michele , Presti Leonardo Lo , Aieta Chiara , Biraghi Iolanda , Meroni Daniela , Ardizzone Silvia , Cappelletti Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Fabrication and Photovoltaic Application of [60]Fullerene Assembly Films Formed by Reaction Between Fullerene and Amines
Authors: Banya Shoto , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Taisuke , Fujita Katsuhiko , Oku Takeo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReview: 60 refs.
Scharf, schärfer, Capsaicin!
Authors: Drosky Philipp , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Sieler Joachim , Berger Stefan , Sicker Dieter 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCapsaicin, die schärfste bekannte Verbindung, ist ein nichtbasisches Alkaloid aus Paprika‐Arten wie Chili. Es steht mit 16 Millionen Einheiten am oberen Ende der Scoville‐Schärfe‐Skala, die in dieser Zeitschrift schon 2010 diskutiert wurde. Nach den botanischen und kulinarischen Aspekten folgt nun die komplexchemisch interessante Vorschrift zur Trennung der beiden Hauptcapsaicinoide Capsaicin und Dihydrocapsaicin mittels Silberionen durch Säulenchromatografie an mit AgNO3 imprägniertem Kieselgel. Alle analytischen Spektren sind vollständig entweder im Hauptteil oder in der supporting information wiedergegeben und werden eingehend interpretiert. Theoretische Berechnungen der Struktur werden mit Daten einer eigenen Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse des Capsaicins verglichen. Das Projekt stellt eine Fortsetzung des Buches “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009) dar.
Internal organization of medial rectus and inferior rectus muscle neurons in the C group of the oculomotor nucleus in monkey
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Büttner‐Ennever Jean A. , Mustari Michael J. , Horn Anja K.E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMammalian extraocular muscles contain singly innervated twitch muscle fibers (SIF) and multiply innervated nontwitch muscle fibers (MIF). In monkey, MIF motoneurons lie around the periphery of oculomotor nuclei and have premotor inputs different from those of the motoneurons inside the nuclei. The most prominent MIF motoneuron group is the C group, which innervates the medial rectus (MR) and inferior rectus (IR) muscle. To explore the organization of both cell groups within the C group, we performed small injections of choleratoxin subunit B into the myotendinous junction of MR or IR in monkeys. In three animals the IR and MR myotendinous junction of one eye was injected simultaneously with different tracers (choleratoxin subunit B and wheat germ agglutinin). This revealed that both muscles were supplied by two different, nonoverlapping populations in the C group. The IR neurons lie adjacent to the dorsomedial border of the oculomotor nucleus, whereas MR neurons are located farther medially. A striking feature was the differing pattern of dendrite distribution of both cell groups. Whereas the dendrites of IR neurons spread into the supraoculomotor area bilaterally, those of the MR neurons were restricted to the ipsilateral side and sent a focused bundle dorsally to the preganglionic neurons of the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, which are involved in the “near response.” In conclusion, MR and IR are innervated by independent neuron populations from the C group. Their dendritic branching pattern within the supraoculomotor area indicates a participation in the near response providing vergence but also reflects their differing functional roles. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1809–1823, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Nitride in Energy Conversion and Storage: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Gong Yutong , Li Mingming , Wang Yong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWith the explosive growth of energy consumption, the exploration of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices becomes increasingly important. Fuel cells, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries are among the most promising options. The innovation of these devices mainly resides in the development of high‐performance electrode materials and catalysts. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), due to structural and chemical properties such as semiconductor optical properties, rich nitrogen content, and tunable porous structure, has drawn considerable attention and shown great potential as an electrode material or catalyst in energy conversion and storage devices. This review covers recent progress in g‐C3N4‐containing systems for fuel cells, electrocatalytic water splitting devices, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion batteries. The corresponding catalytic mechanisms and future research directions in these areas are also discussed.
Prerequisites for the analysis and sorting of extracellular vesicle subpopulations by high‐resolution flow cytometry
Authors: Kormelink Tom Groot , Arkesteijn Ger J. A. , Nauwelaers Frans A. , van den Engh Ger , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N. M. , Wauben Marca H. M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSubmicron‐sized vesicles released by cells are increasingly recognized for their role in intercellular communication and as biomarkers of disease. Methods for high‐throughput, multi‐parameter analysis of such extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial to further investigate their diversity and function. We recently developed a high‐resolution flow cytometry‐based method (using a modified BD Influx) for quantitative and qualitative analysis of EVs. The fact that the majority of EVs is <200 nm in size requires special attention with relation to specific conditions of the flow cytometer, as well as sample concentration and event rate. In this study, we investigated how (too) high particle concentrations affect high‐resolution flow cytometry‐based particle quantification and characterization. Increasing concentrations of submicron‐sized particles (beads, liposomes, and EVs) were measured to identify coincidence and swarm effects, caused by the concurrent presence of multiple particles in the measuring spot. As a result, we demonstrate that analysis of highly concentrated samples resulted in an underestimation of the number of particles and an interdependent overestimation of light scattering and fluorescence signals. On the basis of this knowledge, and by varying nozzle size and sheath pressure, we developed a strategy for high‐resolution flow cytometric sorting of submicron‐sized particles. Using the adapted sort settings, subsets of EVs differentially labeled with two fluorescent antibodies could be sorted to high purity. Moreover, sufficient numbers of EVs could be sorted for subsequent analysis by western blotting. In conclusion, swarm effects that occur when measuring high particle concentrations severely hamper EV quantification and characterization. These effects can be easily overlooked without including proper controls (e.g., sample dilution series) or tools (e.g., oscilloscope). Providing that the event rate is well controlled, the sorting strategy we propose here indicates that high‐resolution flow cytometric sorting of different EV subsets is feasible. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A scale‐independent way for differential estimation in dynamic radio frequency identification systems
Authors: Yang Chenkai , Huang Liusheng , Xu Hongli , Leng Bing 
Published: February 2015

SummaryCardinality estimation in radio frequency identification systems has been applied to estimate the population of tags in many applications. However, it is more meaningful to estimate the number of tags moved in and out in a dynamic radio frequency identification system, which is called differential estimation problem. Zero differential estimator is a newly proposed algorithm to solve this problem. However, the time slots consumed by zero differential estimator are relevant to the system scale under the accuracy constraint. This will result in low time efficiency when the system scale is very large. In this paper, we thus propose a scale‐independent algorithm for differential estimation called zero‐one differential estimator. The numbers of tags moved in and out are estimated from the idle slots in two consecutive frames. We can prove that the time slots consumed in our proposed algorithm are not relevant to the system scale under the accuracy constraint. Moreover, we conduct abundant simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the estimation error grows little as the system scale grows. It indicates that our proposed algorithm is indeed scale‐independent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structural Study of Tetravalent (Zr4+, Hf4+, Ce4+, Th4+, U4+) Metal Complexes with Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Jewula Pawel , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Rousselin Yoann , Thuéry Pierre , Meyer Michel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSix‐ and seven‐membered cyclic hydroxamic acids, such as 1‐hydroxypiperidine‐2‐one (1H, 1,2‐PIPOH) and 1‐hydroxyazepan‐2‐one (2H), have recently been identified in some mixed siderophores as one of their three chelating subunits. Compared to their ubiquitous noncyclic counterparts, cyclic hydroxamates are preorganized for metal binding. Surprisingly, the coordination chemistry of these bidentate, monoanionic ligands remains virtually unknown, even in the case of iron(III). We report herein the first structural study of the complexes of 1– and of 6–, an unsaturated seven‐membered ring analog of 2–, with tetravalent cations of transition metals (zirconium and hafnium), lanthanide (cerium), and actinides (thorium and uranium). Structural characterization by means of X‐ray crystallography of the corresponding ML4 complexes evidenced distorted square antiprismatic coordination geometries with the exception of U4+, which favors a dodecahedral arrangement.
Mononuclear Iron(III) Complexes as Functional Models of Catechol Oxidases and Catalases
Authors: Badetti Elena , Gjoka Blerina , Nagy Eszter Márta , Bernardinelli Gérald , Kündig Peter E. , Zonta Cristiano , Licini Giulia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMononuclear amino triphenolate iron(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized (UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, ESI‐MS, 1H NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction). These complexes act as biomimetic catalysts promoting the aerobic auto‐oxidation of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol to the corresponding o‐benzoquinone at room temperature and displaying catalase activity for the hydrogen peroxide dismutation with remarkable activity (TON up to 4000).
Conformationally Constrained Penta(hetero)cyclic Molecular Architectures by Photoassisted Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Umstead Weston J. , Mukhina Olga A. , Kutateladze Andrei G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntramolecular cycloadditions of photogenerated azaxylylenes provide access to unprecedented polyheterocyclic scaffolds, which are suitable for subsequent postphotochemical modifications to further grow molecular complexity. Here, we explore approaches to the rapid “assembly” of new photoprecursors with nitrogen‐ or oxygen‐rich tethers capable of producing potential pharmacophores and also compatible with subsequent 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions to furnish pentacyclic heterocycles with new structural cores, a minimal number of rotatable bonds, and a high content of sp3‐hybridized carbon atoms. The modular assembly of the photoprecursors and the potential variety of postphotochemical modifications of the primary photoproducts provide a framework for the combinatorial implementation of this synthetic strategy.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation by Decarboxylative Coupling: Synthesis of Alkynyl Amides
Authors: Hwang Jinil , Choi Jinseop , Park Kyungho , Kim Wonyoung , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlkynyl amides were synthesized from a palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of alkynyl carboxylic acids and amines under carbon monoxide. The reaction was conducted with palladium(II) acetate (5 mol‐%) and silver(I) oxide (1.0 equiv.) in acetonitrile at 80 °C for 1 h. This method provides good to moderate product yields and good functional group tolerance towards ketone, ester, and nitrile groups.
Cross‐Claisen Condensation of N‐Fmoc‐Amino Acids – A Short Route to Heterocyclic γ‐Amino Acids
Authors: Mathieu Loïc , Bonnel Clément , Masurier Nicolas , Maillard Ludovic T. , Martinez Jean , Lisowski Vincent 
Published: February 2015

Abstract4‐Amino(methyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acids (ATCs) are a new class of constrained heterocyclic γ‐amino acids built around a thiazole ring; these compounds are valuable as design mimics of the secondary structures of proteins such as helices, β‐sheets, turns, and β‐hairpins. We report herein a short and versatile chemical route to orthogonally protected ATCs. The synthesis is centered on cross‐Claisen condensations between N‐Fmoc‐amino acids and sterically hindered 1,1‐dimethylallyl acetate. The optimized conditions are compatible with aliphatic, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids. The resulting N‐Fmoc‐β‐keto ester intermediates were engaged in a two‐step process to give ATCs in 45–90 % yields. The synthetic protocol provides a highly flexible method for the introduction of a wide variety of lateral chains either on the γ‐carbon atom or on the thiazole core of the γ‐amino acids.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation of Propargylamines with N,O‐Acetals: Entry to the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Sakai Norio , Hori Hiroaki , Ogiwara Yohei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDescribed herein is the CuCl2‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of a variety of propargylamines with N,O‐acetals that function as a C1 unit, leading to the production of polysubstituted pyrrole derivatives. Three important features of the N,O‐acetal during the [4+1] annulation series via 5‐endo‐dig cyclization are described: an enolizable substituent adjacent to the central sp3‐carbon is required, the central sp3‐carbon displays the functions of both an electrophile and a nucleophile, and liberation of the secondary amine smoothly leads to the aromatization.
Assessment of performance indices of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria
Authors: Oyedepo Sunday Olayinka , Fagbenle Richard Olayiwola , Adefila Samuel Sunday 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, performance assessment of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria was evaluated using performance indices. The results of the study showed that for the period under review (2006–2010), the percentage shortfalls from the target energy in the selected power plants range from 26.33% to 86.61% as against the acceptable value of 5–10%. The capacity factor of the selected power plants varies from 16.88% to 73.67% as against the international value of 50–80%. The plant use factor varies from 45.89% to 97.03% and the utilization factor varies from 6.31% to 93.074% as against the international best practice of over 95%. From this result, it can be concluded that the generating units were underutilized. This is due to inadequate routine maintenance and equipment fault development. The analyses of reliability indicators revealed that the mean time between failures varies from 5.42 to 378.44 h, the mean time to repair varies from 18.3 to 153.88 h and the plant availability varies from 12.86% to 91.31% as against the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers recommended standard of 99.9%. Evaluation of operating figures of the selected power plants revealed that starting reliability (SR) and operating reliability vary from 71.95% to 93.9% and 5.33% to 55%, respectively. The SR of the selected power plants is low in value compared with standard value of 99.9%. The statistical analysis carried out on plant availability revealed that at 95% confidence level; there is a significant difference in availability of the selected power plants. This indicates differences in their systems installation, operation and maintenance. The performance indicator developed to evaluate the performance indices for the selected stations can also be applicable to other power stations in Nigeria and elsewhere. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plants have been suggested in this paper.
Measuring the imprint of orographic rainfall gradients on the morphology of steady‐state numerical fluvial landscapes
Authors: Han Jianwei , Gasparini Nicole M. , Johnson Joel P. L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe explore the imprint of spatial rainfall patterns on steady‐state landscapes with uniform rock uplift rate. A two‐dimensional (2D) orographic precipitation module is incorporated into the CHILD numerical landscape evolution model to provide a quantitative tool for exploring the co‐evolution of rainfall patterns and fluvial topography. Our results suggest that network organization and planform morphology are strongly impacted by rainfall patterns. Rainfall gradients that are perpendicular to a mountain range front produce narrower watersheds because channels show a tendency to flow along the rainfall gradient, rather than across it. The change in watershed shape is evidenced by smaller values of the exponent on distance in Hack's law and a less peaked width function. Narrower watersheds also lead to an increase in the valley spacing ratio and constrain trunk channels to follow a more direct path to the mountain front. Rainfall gradients also influence the distribution of topography across a watershed. Channel profiles record rainfall patterns in both the channel concavity and the channel steepness index (ksn). Across short tributaries along which rainfall rate changes little, ksn decreases systematically with tributary‐averaged rainfall rate. The hypsometric integral (HI), which increases with the amount of topography that is at relatively high elevations within a watershed, is negatively correlated with the profile concavity of the trunk channel. High rainfall rates at the ridge top lead to mainstem channels that have relatively low concavity, and watersheds with relatively higher HI in comparison with landscapes that have uniform rainfall. Finally, we contrast the impacts of rainfall patterns on landscape morphology with those resulting from a linear rock uplift gradient and uniform rainfall. Uplift patterns may have a similar impact on landscape morphology as rainfall gradients, making it challenging to decipher the relative roles of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution without a quantitative assessment of morphologic parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novelties in Catasetum (Orchidaceae) in the State of Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Petini‐Benelli Adarilda 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe State of Rondônia is rich in species of Catasetum that are still undervalued, which presents a major challenge in the preparation of a map that shows the distribution and all occurrences of the species of the genus. As a result of our studies, four new records are presented for the State of Rondônia and a new natural hybrid is described and illustrated. Samples of all species were collected for DNA extraction (aliquots kept in the Total DNA Bank of Plants UFPR – UPCB‐DNA) and vouchers deposited at the herbaria UFMT and the RB. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The up‐to‐date review of epidemiological pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in Japan
Authors: Ito Tetsuhide , Lee Lingaku , Hijioka Masayuki , Kawabe Ken , Kato Masaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Ueda Keijiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Igarashi Hisato 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) were considered an extremely rare disease. However, in recent years, the number of patients with PNET has increased rapidly. According to an epidemiological survey conducted in Japan, the number of treated patients with PNETs in 2010 was approximately 1.2‐times that in 2005, and the number of new incidences of non‐functional PNETs in 2010 was approximately 1.7‐times that in 2005. Among functional PNETs, insulinoma was most prevalent, followed by gastrinoma. To diagnose PNETs, correct histological diagnosis is most important. According to the World Health Organization 2010 classification criteria, neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are categorized into well‐differentiated NETs and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). NECs accounted for 7.6% of all NETs, and functional and non‐functional PNETs accounted for 2.1% and 10.1%, respectively. Patients with distant metastasis accounted for 19.9%, and those with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 accounted for 4.3%. When treating PNETs, it is necessary to correctly evaluate the functionality and progression of tumors, the presence or absence of metastasis, and the degrees of differentiation and malignant potential of tumors. A new registration system from the Japan Neuroendocrine Tumor Society will start to be used in 2015, which will help further dissemination of Japanese epidemiological information to the world.