bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a reversed‐phase HPLC method for CYP1A2 phenotyping by use of a caffeine metabolite ratio in saliva
Authors: Begas Elias , Kouvaras Evangelos , Tsakalof Andreas K. , Bounitsi Maria , Asprodini Eftihia Konstadinos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCYP1A2 is important for metabolizing various clinically used drugs. Phenotyping of CYP1A2 may prove helpful for drug individualization therapy. Several HPLC methods have been developed for quantification of caffeine metabolites in plasma and urine. Aim of the present study was to develop a valid and simple HPLC method for evaluating CYP1A2 activity during exposure in xenobiotics by the use of human saliva. Caffeine and paraxanthine were isolated from saliva by liquid‐liquid extraction (chlorophorm/isopropanol 85/15v/v). Extracts were analyzed by reversed‐phase HPLC on a C18 column with mobile phase 0.1% acetic acid/methanol/acetonitrile (80/20/2 v/v) and detected at 273nm. Caffeine and paraxanthine elution times were <13min with no interferences from impurities or caffeine metabolites. Detector response was linear (0.10–8.00µg/ml, R2>0.99), recovery was >93% and bias <4.47%. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <5.14% (n=6). The limit of quantitation was 0.10µg/ml and the limit of detection was 0.018±0.002µg/mL for paraxanthine and 0.032±0.002µg/ml for caffeine. Paraxanthine/caffeine ratio of 34 healthy volunteers was significantly higher in smokers (p<0.001). Saliva paraxanthine/caffeine ratios and urine metabolite ratios were highly correlated (r=0.85, p<0.001). The method can be used for the monitoring of CYP1A2 activity in clinical practice and in studies relevant to exposure to environmental and pharmacological xenobiotics. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse‐phase HPLC method for the quantification of two antihyperglycemic glycolipids in Oplismenus burmannii
Authors: Verma Surjeet , Verma Ram Kishor , Sahoo Dibyaranjan , Srivastava Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGlycolipids and sphingolipids are well known for their diverse biological activities like anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antistress, anti‐HIV, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial. The present study deals with the activity‐guided isolation and characterization of two antihyperglycemic glycolipids, (2S)‐1,2‐di‐O‐octadecanoyl‐3‐O‐[α‐d‐galctopyranosyl‐(1′′ → 6′)‐O‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl] glycerol (1) and 1‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(2S,3S,4R,8E)‐2‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐tetracosanoylamino]‐2,3,4‐octadecanetriol‐8‐ene (2) from Oplismenus burmannii and the development of a simple and validated reverse‐phase HPLC analytical method for their quantification in the methanolic extracts of O. burmannii. The marker compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the methanolic extract of O. burmannii and characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Their antihyperglycemic potential was evaluated by determining their glucose uptake‐stimulating potential in L6‐GLUT4myc myotube cells. Finally, these analytes were separated on a Waters Spherisorb ODS 2 column with a binary gradient of methanol and water at a constant flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and detected using a photodiode array detector at 230 nm. The calibration curve was linear (r2 > 0.999) over 1.2 orders of magnitude with acceptable accuracy, reproducibility and recovery (98.16–100.50%). The limits of detection and quantification for 1 and 2 were 1.36, 4.11 and 1.11, 3.35 µg/mL respectively. The method is simple, accurate, precise and selective and may be routinely used for the quality control analysis of whole plant extract of O. burmannii for these two glycolipids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MS Binding Assays for the Three Monoamine Transporters Using the Triple Reuptake Inhibitor (1R,3S)‐Indatraline as Native Marker
Authors: Grimm Stefanie H. , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe herein present label‐free, mass‐spectrometry‐based binding assays (MS Binding Assays) for the human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters (hDAT, hNET, and hSERT). Using this approach both enantiomers of the triple reuptake inhibitor indatraline as well as itscis‐configured diastereomer were investigated toward hDAT, hNET, and hSERT in saturation experiments. The dissociation rate constants for (1R,3S)‐indatraline binding at hDAT, hNET, and hSERT were determined in kinetic studies. These experiments revealed an allosteric effect of clomipramine on the dissociation of (1R,3S)‐indatraline from hSERT. Finally, a comprehensive set of known monoamine transport inhibitors and substrates was studied in competition experiments at hDAT, hNET, and hSERT, using (1R,3S)‐indatraline as nonlabeled marker. The results are in excellent agreement with those reported for radioligand binding assays. Therefore, the established MS Binding Assays are a promising alternative to the latter for the characterization of new monoamine reuptake inhibitors at DAT, NET, and SERT.
Compressively sampled magnetic resonance image reconstruction using separable surrogate functional method
Authors: Shah Jawad Ali , Qureshi Ijaz M. , Omer Hammad , Khaliq Amir A. , Deng Yiming 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAccording to the theory of compressed sensing, magnetic resonance (MR) images can be well reconstructed from randomly sub‐Nyquist sampling of the k‐space data using a nonlinear recovery technique if certain conditions are satisfied. The sparse coefficients of the partial Fourier data can be estimated by minimizing the reconstruction cost function. Separable surrogate functional (SSF) method is one of the effective numerical techniques for minimizing mixed
convex optimization problems. This article presents a novel recovery technique for compressively sampled MR images that uses SSF method subject to the data consistency constraints. The experimental results show that the proposed recovery algorithm outperforms the projection onto convex sets and low resolution‐based reconstruction techniques in terms of artifact power, improved signal‐to‐noise ratio, and correlation for the same number of iterations. The results are validated using the phantom and original human head MR images taken from the magnetic resonance imaging scanner at St. Mary's Hospital, London. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 43A: 157–165, 2015.
Docetaxel, bevacizumab, and androgen deprivation therapy for biochemical disease recurrence after definitive local therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Gray Kathryn P. , Hayes Julia H. , Bubley Glenn J. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Hussain Arif , Kantoff Philip W. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDPatients with biochemical disease recurrence (BCR) after definitive treatment for prostate cancer comprise a heterogeneous population for whom standard therapy options are lacking. The purpose of the current trial was to evaluate the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of early multimodality systemic therapy in men with BCR.METHODSEligible patients had an increasing prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, a PSA doubling time ≤10 months, and no evidence of metastases after radical prostatectomy (RP) and/or radiotherapy (RT) for localized disease. Treatment consisted of docetaxel at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles, bevacizumab at a dose of 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks for 8 cycles, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for 18 months. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who were free from PSA progression 1 year after the completion of therapy.RESULTSA total of 41 patients were included in the analysis. At 1 year after the completion of ADT, 45% of patients (13 of 29 patients) and 29% of patients (5 of 17 patients) with a testosterone level ≥100 ng/dL and ≥240 ng/dL, respectively, had a PSA <0.2 ng/mL. The median follow‐up was 27.5 months (interquartile range, 21.8‐38.1 months). Eight patients (20%) were free from PSA progression, 19 patients (46%) did not reinitiate ADT, and 34 patients (83%) were free from metastasis. Sixteen patients (39%) experienced grade 3 and 5 patients (12%) experienced grade 4 toxicities (toxicity was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 3.0]).CONCLUSIONSMultimodality systemic therapy with docetaxel, bevacizumab, and ADT is feasible and produces PSA responses in men with BCR. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to determine the percentage of patients with a durable PSA response who are able to avoid having to reinitiate prostate cancer therapy. Cancer 2015;121:2603–2611. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Physician's peer exposure and the adoption of a new cancer treatment modality
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Soulos Pamela R. , Gross Cary P. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDNew technologies, often with limited evidence to support their effectiveness, frequently diffuse into clinical practice and increase the costs of cancer care. The authors studied whether physician peer exposure was associated with the subsequent adoption of a new approach to adjuvant radiotherapy (brachytherapy) for the treatment of women with early‐stage breast cancer.METHODSA retrospective cohort study was performed using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data. Data from 2003 through 2004 were used to classify surgeons as early brachytherapy adopters and, among non‐early adopters, whether they shared patients with early adopters (peer exposure). Data from 2005 through 2006 were used to examine whether women were more likely to receive brachytherapy if their surgeons were exposed to early adopters.RESULTSOverall, the percentage of women receiving brachytherapy increased from 3.2% in 2003 through 2004 to 4.7% in 2005 through 2006. In this latter period, a total of 2087 patients were assigned to 328 non‐early adopting surgeons. In unadjusted analyses, patients whose surgeons were connected to early adopters during 2003 through 2004 were found to be significantly more likely to receive brachytherapy in 2005 through 2006 compared with those whose surgeons were not connected to early adopters (8.0% vs 4.1%; P = .003). In adjusted analyses, the predicted probability of receiving brachytherapy among patients whose surgeon did have an early‐adopting peer was 3.9% versus 1.0% among those whose surgeons did not have an early‐adopting peer (P = .03).CONCLUSIONSExposure to peers who were early adopters of brachytherapy was found to be associated with a surgeon's subsequent uptake of brachytherapy. The results of the current study provide an example of a novel approach to examining the diffusion of innovation in cancer care. Cancer 2015;121:2799‐2807. © 2015 American Cancer Society
Non‐16/18 high‐risk HPV infection predicts disease persistence and progression in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL
Authors: Lyons Yasmin A. , Kamat Aparna A. , Zhou Haijun , Mody Dina R. , Schwartz Mary R. , Hobday Christopher , Ge Yimin 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe current management strategy for women with low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) is inefficient and expensive because of the inability to identify patients at high risk for disease progression. The current study was designed to determine the genotypic patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the persistence and progression of cervical lesions in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL.METHODSOne hundred sixty‐seven women with LSIL on Papanicolaou tests collected between December 1, 2009 and March 30, 2011 were studied. HPV DNA was extracted from residual SurePath specimens, genotypes were determined with a DNA microarray containing 40 HPV genotype probes, and microarray data were confirmed by sequencing. Follow‐up Papanicolaou tests and/or biopsies were performed within a 20‐ to 46‐month period after the initial diagnosis.RESULTSNinety‐seven of the 167 cases with follow‐up results were included in the study. Compared with the women with a regressed cervical lesion, those with a persistent cervical lesion (PCL) were significantly more commonly infected with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) genotypes (P < .01) and particularly with non‐16/18 HR‐HPV genotypes (P < .05). The PCL group also had a significantly higher average number of HR‐HPV genotypes and non‐16/18 HPV genotypes per specimen (P < .01). Infection with HPV‐16/18 genotypes was not significantly associated with the persistence or progression of cervical lesions.CONCLUSIONSInfection with non‐16/18 HR‐HPV genotypes but not with HPV‐16/18 genotypes was a strong predictor of the persistence and progression of cervical disease upon follow‐up. Genotyping solely for HPV‐16/18 would miss the majority of patients with LSIL who progress to high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Pooled HR‐HPV tests provide a better predictive value than HPV‐16/18 genotyping alone in guiding the clinical management of patients with LSIL. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:435‐42. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Eya‐six are necessary for survival of nephrogenic cord progenitors and inducing nephric duct development before ureteric bud formation
Authors: Xu Jinshu , Xu Pin‐Xian 
Published: April 2015

Background: Specification of the metanephric mesenchyme is a central step of kidney development as this mesenchyme promotes nephric duct induction to form a ureteric bud near its caudal end. Before ureteric bud formation, the caudal nephric duct swells to form a pseudostratified epithelial domain that later emerges as the tip of the bud. However, the signals that promote the formation of the transient epithelial domain remain unclear. Here, we investigated the early roles of the mesenchymal factor Six family and its cofactor Eya on the initial induction of nephric duct development.Results: The nephrogenic progenitor population is initially present but significantly reduced in mice lacking both Six1 and Six4 and undertakes an abnormal cell death pathway to be completely eliminated by ∼E10.5–E11.0, similar to that observed in Eya1‐/‐ embryos. Consequently, the nephric duct fails to be induced to undergo normal proliferation to pseudostratify and form the ureteric bud in Six1‐/‐;Six4‐/‐ or Eya1‐/‐ embryos.Conclusions: Our data support a model where Eya‐Six may form a complex to regulate nephron progenitor cell development before metanephric specification and are critical mesenchymal factors for inducing nephric duct development. Developmental Dynamics 244:866–873, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From experimental plots to experimental landscapes: topography, erosion and deposition in sub‐humid badlands from Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry
Authors: Smith Mark William , Vericat Damià 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the last decade advances in surveying technology have opened up the possibility of representing topography and monitoring surface changes over experimental plots (<10 m2) in high resolution (~103 points m‐1). Yet the representativeness of these small plots is limited. With ‘Structure‐from‐Motion’ (SfM) and ‘Multi‐View Stereo’ (MVS) techniques now becoming part of the geomorphologist's toolkit, there is potential to expand further the scale at which we characterise topography and monitor geomorphic change morphometrically. Moving beyond previous plot‐scale work using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys, this paper validates robustly a number of SfM‐MVS surveys against total station and extensive TLS data at three nested scales: plots (<30 m2) within a small catchment (4710 m2) within an eroding marl badland landscape (~1 km2). SfM surveys from a number of platforms are evaluated based on: (i) topography; (ii) sub‐grid roughness; and (iii) change‐detection capabilities at an annual scale. Oblique ground‐based images can provide a high‐quality surface equivalent to TLS at the plot scale, but become unreliable over larger areas of complex terrain. Degradation of surface quality with range is observed clearly for SfM models derived from aerial imagery. Recently modelled ‘doming’ effects from the use of vertical imagery are proven empirically as a piloted gyrocopter survey at 50m altitude with convergent off‐nadir imagery provided higher quality data than an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flying at the same height and collecting vertical imagery. For soil erosion monitoring, SfM can provide data comparable with TLS only from small survey ranges (~5 m) and is best limited to survey ranges ~10–20 m. Synthesis of these results with existing validation studies shows a clear degradation of root‐mean squared error (RMSE) with survey range, with a median ratio between RMSE and survey range of 1:639, and highlights the effect of the validation method (e.g. point‐cloud or raster‐based) on the estimated quality. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term effects of the antibacterial agent triclosan on marine periphyton communities
Authors: Eriksson K. Martin , Johansson C. Henrik , Fihlman Viktor , Grehn Alexander , Sanli Kemal , Andersson Mats X. , Blanck Hans , Arrhenius Åsa , Sircar Triranta , Backhaus Thomas 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Triclosan is a widely used antibacterial agent that has become a ubiquitous contaminant in freshwater, estuary, and marine environments. Concerns about potential adverse effects of triclosan have been described in several recent risk assessments. Its effects on freshwater microbial communities have been well studied, but studies addressing effects on marine microbial communities are scarce. In the present study, the authors describe short- and long-term effects of triclosan on marine periphyton (microbial biofilm) communities. Short-term effects on photosynthesis were estimated after 60 min to 210 min of exposure. Long-term effects on photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment content, community tolerance, and bacterial carbon utilization were studied after exposing periphyton for 17 d in flow-through microcosms to 0.316 nM to 10 000 nM triclosan. Results from the short-term studies show that triclosan is toxic to periphyton photosynthesis. Half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 1080 nM and 3000 nM were estimated using 14CO2-incorporation and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorescence measurements, respectively. After long-term triclosan exposure in flow-through microcosms, photosynthesis estimated using PAM fluorometry was not inhibited by triclosan concentrations up to 1000 nM but instead increased with increasing triclosan concentration. Similarly, at exposure concentrations of 31.6 nM and higher, triclosan caused an increase in photosynthetic pigments. At 316 nM triclosan, the pigment amounts were increased by a factor of 1.4 to 1.9 compared with the control level. Pollution-induced community tolerance was observed for algae and cyanobacteria at 100 nM triclosan and higher. Despite the widespread use of triclosan as an antibacterial agent, the compound did not have any effects on bacterial carbon utilization after long-term exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2067–2077. © 2015 SETAC
Transfer model of lead in soil–carrot (Daucus carota L.) system and food safety thresholds in soil
Authors: Ding Changfeng , Li Xiaogang , Zhang Taolin , Wang Xingxiang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Reliable empirical models describing lead (Pb) transfer in soil–plant systems are needed to improve soil environmental quality standards. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to develop soil–plant transfer models to predict Pb concentrations in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Soil thresholds for food safety were then derived inversely using the prediction model in view of the maximum allowable limit for Pb in food. The 2 most important soil properties that influenced carrot Pb uptake factor (ratio of Pb concentration in carrot to that in soil) were soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC), as revealed by path analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were based on soil properties and the pseudo total (aqua regia) or extractable (0.01 M CaCl2 and 0.005 M diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) soil Pb concentrations. Carrot Pb contents were best explained by the pseudo total soil Pb concentrations in combination with soil pH and CEC, with the percentage of variation explained being up to 93%. The derived soil thresholds based on added Pb (total soil Pb with the geogenic background part subtracted) have the advantage of better applicability to soils with high natural background Pb levels. Validation of the thresholds against data from field trials and literature studies indicated that the proposed thresholds are reasonable and reliable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2078–2086. © 2015 SETAC
Large eddy simulation of incompressible free round jet with discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Marek M. , Tyliszczak A. , Bogusławski A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn the paper, discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to simulation of incompressible free round turbulent jet using large eddy simulation with eddy viscosity approach. The solution algorithm is based on the classical projection method, but instead of the solution of the Poisson equation, a parabolic equation is advanced in pseudo‐time, which provides the pressure field ensuring the proper pressure–velocity coupling. For time and pseudo‐time integration, explicit Runge–Kutta method is employed. The computational meshes consist of hexahedral elements with flat faces. Within a given finite element, all flow variables are expressed with modal expansions of the same order (including velocity and pressure). Discretisation of the viscous terms in the Navier–Stokes equations and Laplacian in the Poisson equation is stabilised with mixed finite element approach. The correctness of the solution algorithm is verified in a commonly used test case of laminar flow in 3D lid‐driven cavity. The results of computations of the free jet are compared with experimental and numerical reference data, the latter obtained from the high‐order pseudospectral code. The statistics of centerline flow velocity – mean velocity and its fluctuations – show satisfactory agreement with the reference data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrant extracranial internal carotid arteries: New insights, implications, and demand for a clinical grading system
Authors: Pfeiffer Jens , Becker Christoph , Ridder Gerd J. 
Published: April 2015

abstractBackgroundAberrant internal carotid arteries (ICAs) are not rare anatomic variations. The purpose of this study was for us to highlight their relevance and underline the need for a clinical grading system in addition to the currently used anatomic classification.MethodsThis systematic quality assessment study over 7 years includes 125 adults with 231 aberrant ICAs. Digital imaging datasets were analyzed and ICAs classified according to the anatomic classification in tortuosity, kinking, and coiling. Risk potential for ICA injury was estimated from the vessel's relation to the pharynx and neck.ResultsThe analysis revealed a high frequency of medial and lateral ICA aberrations that seem surgically relevant, but the risk potential for injury was not reflected by the anatomic classification. Our previously proposed clinical grading system was reviewed and updated.ConclusionAberrant ICAs are underestimated anatomic variations with high clinical impact for transoral and transcervical interventions. The introduced clinicoradiologic grading system could be of major benefit. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E687–E693, 2016