bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Auditory Attention in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Victorino Kristen R. , Schwartz Richard G. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) appear to demonstrate deficits in attention and its control. Selective attention involves the cognitive control of attention directed toward a relevant stimulus and simultaneous inhibition of attention toward irrelevant stimuli. The current study examined attention control during a cross-modal word recognition task.

Method
Twenty participants with SLI (ages 9–12 years) and 20 age-matched peers with typical language development (TLD) listened to words through headphones and were instructed to attend to the words in 1 ear while ignoring the words in the other ear. They were simultaneously presented with pictures and asked to make a lexical decision about whether the pictures and auditory words were the same or different. Accuracy and reaction time were measured in 5 conditions, in which the stimulus in the unattended channel was manipulated.

Results
The groups performed with similar accuracy. Compared with their peers with TLD, children with SLI had slower reaction times overall and different within-group patterns of performance by condition.

Conclusions
Children with TLD showed efficient inhibitory control in conditions that required active suppression of competing stimuli. Participants with SLI had difficulty exerting control over their auditory attention in all conditions, with particular difficulty inhibiting distractors of all types.
SUSY-QCD Effects in Top Quark Pair Production in Association with a Gluon at the ILC*
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ming , Liu Ning 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Given the null results of searches for new physics at the LHC, we investigate the one-loop effects SUSY QCD in the process

e
+

e
-

→
t

t
¯

g

at the ILC in Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We find that the relative SUSY-QCD corrections to the cross section of

e
+

e
-

→
t

t
¯

g

can maximally reach 6.5%(3.2%) at the ILC with

s

=
1000

GeV when

m

t
¯

1

=
313.4

GeV and

m

g
¯

=
500

(

1500

)

GeV.
Role of Surface Energy Coefficients and Temperature in the Fusion Reactions Induced by Weakly Bound Projectiles
Authors: Gharaei R. , Ghodsi O.N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A systematic study is provided to analyze the behaviors of the interaction potential and complete fusion cross section which are influenced by the effects of the surface energy coefficients γ and temperature T. Our framework is restricted to the proximity formalism for fusion reactions induced by weakly bound projectiles 6Li, 7Li and 9Be. The different surface energy coefficients (γ-MN76, γ-MN95, γ-MS00 and γ-PD03) are used to study the role of the parameter γ in the proximity potentials AW 95 and BW 91. Comparison of the theoretical and the experimental values of the barrier characteristics (barrier heights and its positions) indicates that the modified versions AW 95 (γ-MS00) and BW 91 (γ-MS00) give the least deviations for fusion barrier heights. Moreover, it is shown that the temperature-dependence improves the calculated barrier heights based on the potentials AW 95 and BW 91. In the present study, the analysis of the mentioned effects on the complete fusion cross sections has been also discussed for the systems of interest. The obtained results reveal that the above-modified versions provide a more accurate description for behavior of the complete fusion cross sections than the original potentials at above-barrier energies. It is demonstrated that the increase of the temperature T enhances the complete fusion suppression at this energy range.
Roles of Superthermal Electrons and Adiabatic Heavy Ions on Heavy-Ion-Acoustic Solitary and Shock Waves in a Multi-Component Plasma
Authors: Shah M.G. , Rahman M.M. , Hossen M.R. , Mamun A.A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Heavy-ion-acoustic (HIA) waves in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma system comprising superthermal electrons, Boltzmann distributed light ions, and adiabatic positively charged inertial heavy ions have been investigated both numerically and analytically. The well-known reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) and Burgers (BG) equations. The parametric regimes for the existence of both the positive and negative solitary and shock waves have been obtained. The effects of adiabaticity of heavy ions and superthermality of electrons, which are found to notably modify the fundamental features (viz. polarity, amplitude, phase speed, etc.) of HIA solitary and shock waves, are precisely studied. The results of our theoretical investigation can be applicable to understand the characteristics and basic nonlinear structures of HIA waves both in space and laboratory plasma situations.
The unrepresentative house
Authors: Ozarow Daniel 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Argues that the British House of Commons is acutely unrepresentative of the population that it serves. A range of party leadership interventions that have sought to increase the possibilities for women and those from minority groups to become MPs are evaluated, but regulating in this way is found to have largely failed. Alternative policy solutions are proposed that seek to increase the “supply” of candidates from such backgrounds.

Design/methodology/approach
– Conducts document analysis of political parties’ equality and diversity policies and assesses their impact upon their proportion of MPs or parliamentary candidates from minority backgrounds.

Findings
– Argues that the real problem lies in the lack of engagement in the political process and a shortage of candidates from such backgrounds putting themselves forward for nomination in the first place. Thus, authentic parliamentary diversity cannot be created through enforcement but needs to be fostered organically through supportive longer-term measures alongside electoral reform.

Practical implications
– Advances the view that greater diversity is required for parliamentary legitimacy but top-down interventions have been counterproductive; barely improving the proportion of MPs from minority backgrounds and actually presenting threats to party autonomy and quality of democracy.

Social implications
– Shows how structural problems complicate the ease with which women and those from working-class, ethnic minority and disability backgrounds can engage with the political process and then successfully become parliamentary candidates. Reforming the political culture and targeted policies aimed at reversing the barriers to entry may create a more level playing field by encouraging them to stand.

Originality/value
– Offers a timely case study of the neglected and longstanding lack of representation in Parliament that is uniquely interrogated from an HRM perspective.
Diversity and inclusion depend on effective engagement
Authors: Sanyal Chandana , Wilson Doirean , Sweeney Charlotte , Smith Rachele Jude , Kaur Satwant , Yates Christine 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Highlights some of the things that can be done to ensure that organizations embed diversity and inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach
– Considers the need for effective engagement, the importance of performance indicators for diversity and inclusion and the key role of sharing stories. Discusses, too, how critical race theory could help to bring about improvements.

Findings
– Advances the view that a transformational process that supports employees with the knowledge and sustainable skills needed to improve business performance via ethical means will form a significant part of future-proofing organizations.

Practical implications
– Argues that, to achieve this organizations have to drive home the message that diversity and inclusion are everyone’s business.

Social implications
– Advances the view that a unified approach to diversity and inclusion, which is embedded in the business ethics of the organization, can have a sustainable positive impact on the health and well-being of individuals, business and society.

Originality/value
– Considers diversity and inclusion from diverse perspectives and draws conclusions that can help organizations to perform better in these areas.
HR leaders hold the key to effective diversity management
Authors: Martins Lola-Peach 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Observes that diversity management (DM) is central to the human resource management (HRM) function in work organizations, and the past decade has seen employers seeking to establish more devolved management structures that place more emphasis on local-level managerial decision-making.

Design/methodology/approach
– Argues that an important component of this shift in many organizations has been the reconfiguration of the role of first-line managerial leader (FLML) to encompass a wider range of HRM responsibilities. Hence, diversity management and leadership in this regard are a key HRM role for leaders and managers.

Findings
– Highlights case-study evidence to illustrate how far the success or otherwise of such a process of change is explicable in terms of the role played by four inter-related sets of factors which are key elements linked to organizational learning and strategic fit.

Practical implications
– Advances the view that organizations that wish to enhance the HRM/DM role and performance of FLMLs need to adopt a holistic strategic approach which encompasses organizational learning and FLML strategies.

Originality/value
– Demonstrates that organizations that use an integrated framework to help with the close co-ordination of business and HRM activities are likely to perform better as they engage in effective learning.
Three-dimensional cracked discs under anti-plane loading and effects of the boundary conditions
Authors: Berto Filippo , Campagnolo Alberto 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– Accordingly to the recent multi-scale model proposed by Sih and Tang, different orders of stress singularities are related to different material dependent boundary conditions associated with the interaction between the V-notch tip and the material under the remotely applied loading conditions. This induces complex three-dimensional stress and displacement fields in the proximity of the notch tip, which are worthy of investigation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Starting from Sih and Tang’s model, in the present contribution the authors propose some analytical expressions for the calculation of the strain energy density (SED) averaged over a control volume embracing the V-notch tip. The expressions vary as a function of the different boundary conditions. Dealing with the specific crack case, the results from the analytical frame are compared with those determined numerically under linear-elastic hypotheses, by applying different constraints to the through-the-thickness crack edges in three-dimensional discs subjected to Mode III loading. Free-free and free-clamped cases are considered.Findings– Due to three-dimensional effects, the application of a nominal Mode III loading condition automatically provokes coupled Modes (I and II). Not only the intensity of the induced modes but also their degree of singularity depend on the applied conditions on the crack flanks. The variability of local SED through the thickness of the disc is analysed by numerical analyses and compared with the theoretical trend.Originality/value– The capability of the SED to capture the combined three-dimensional effects is discussed in detail showing that this parameter is particularly useful when the definition of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) is ambiguous or the direct comparison between SIFs with odd dimensionalities is not possible.
Formation of R & D alliances in the Chinese mobile telephony industry
Authors: Jin Jun , von Zedtwitz Max , Chong Li Choy 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how international R & D alliances are formed during industry transition from the point of view of the local Chinese partner.Design/methodology/approach– Review of industry data provided by Chinese Statistical Office coupled with four in-depth case studies.Findings– The nature of the technology, the characteristics of partners and the previous cooperation experience between partners are significantly related to the R & D alliance formation. The research also suggests that during this fast-growing transition period, Chinese local firms preferred non-equity contractual agreements over equity joint venture such as R & D alliance modes, and Chinese local firms favoured American and European multinational corporations (MNCs) as their alliance partners over MNCs from other countries, including the highly developed Japan and Korea.Research limitations/implications– Single-industry focus (telecommunications), and anonymization of cases because of confidentiality of case firms. Single-country focus (China).Practical implications– Firms in China and other emerging countries can improve their technological capability (TC) by choice to facilitate future alliance formation to access and learn the latest technology from their alliance partners, especially during the transition period of an industry and when mature and emerging technologies co-exist.Originality/value– This paper refines alliance theory by focusing on an industry in transition and analyses formation decision factors from the point of view of the smaller domestic partner – usually studies do not differentiate as to industry maturity and inequality between partners.
Entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in Rwanda
Authors: Eijdenberg Emiel L , Paas Leonard J , Masurel Enno 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and small business growth in one of the poorest emerging countries: the African least developed country (LDC), Rwanda.Design/methodology/approach– On the basis of theoretical resources and a pre-study of interviews with local experts in Rwanda, the authors developed a survey for this study. Based on primary data from 133 Rwandan small business owners, the authors conducted an exploratory factorial analysis to uncover the underlying factors. Subsequently, the authors conducted regression analyses to test the hypotheses.Findings– The analyses show that the predictors for the growth of small businesses can be divided into three factors: one factor with a mix of motivations related to family background, necessity and opportunity motivations; one factor with items predominantly related to opportunity motivation; and one factor with items related to necessity motivation. The first factor has the strongest positive effect on small business growth followed by the second factor. The factor concerning necessity motivation was irrelevant for further inclusion in the regression model, due to insufficient reliability.Research limitations/implications– The study contributes to the debate in the literature about which entrepreneurial motivations affect the growth of small businesses in LDCs.Practical implications– The results reported in this study also have implications for how small business growth in LDCs can be supported and stimulated by policy-making practice.Originality/value– This study shows that entrepreneurial motivation is not a clear distinction between necessity and opportunity, but that a mix of motivations is important to assess the growth of small businesses in an LDC, which is an understudied context.
Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 April 2015 – 31 May 2015
Authors:   Genomic Resources Development Consortium, Almeida‐Val Vera Maria Fonseca , Boscari E. , Coelho Maria Manuela , Congiu L. , Grapputo A. , Grosso Ana Rita , Jesus Tiago Filipe , Luebert Federico , Mansion Guilhem , Muller Ludo A. H. , Töre Demet , Vidotto M. , Zane L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article documents the public availability of transcriptomic resources for (i) the stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus, (ii) the flowering plant Campanula gentilis and (iii) two endemic Iberian fish, Squalius carolitertii and Squalius torgalensis.
National decline in invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures in association with uptake of combined first trimester and cell‐free DNA aneuploidy screening
Authors: Robson Stephen J. , Hui Lisa 
Published: August 2015

In late 2012, a new screening test for fetal aneuploidy based on circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) became available to Australian women. The introduction of this technology in the United States has led to a reduction in invasive diagnostic procedures. Analysis of the number of amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) procedures performed in Australia from 1994 to 2014 shows that the introduction of cfDNA testing has been associated with the most rapid decline in invasive procedures in the last 20 years. This change has important implications for training in, and maintenance of, the procedural skills of amniocentesis and CVS.
Genetic structure and relationships of 16 Asian and European cattle populations using DigiTag2 assay
Authors: Yonesaka Riku , Sasazaki Shinji , Yasue Hiroshi , Niwata Satoru , Inayoshi Yousuke , Mukai Fumio , Mannen Hideyuki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, we genotyped 117 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms using a DigiTag2 assay to assess the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of 16 Eurasian cattle populations, including nine cattle breeds and seven native cattle. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses showed that Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished, whereas Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Polled clustered with European populations. Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis demonstrated the distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus (K=2), and between European and Asian populations (K=3). In addition, Japanese Holstein exhibited an admixture pattern with Asian and European cattle (K=3‐5). Mongolian (K=13‐16) and Japanese Black (K=14‐16) populations exhibited admixture patterns with different ancestries. Bos indicus populations exhibited a uniform genetic structure at K=2‐11, thereby suggesting that there are close genetic relationships among Bos indicus populations. However, the Bhutan and Bangladesh populations formed a cluster distinct from the other Bos indicus populations at K=12‐16. In conclusion, our study could sufficiently explain the genetic construction of Asian cattle populations, including: (i) the close genetic relationships among Bos indicus populations; (ii) the genetic influences of European breeds on Japanese breeds; (iii) the genetic admixture in Japanese Holstein, Mongolian and Japanese Black cattle; and (iv) the genetic subpopulations in Southeast Asia.
Lesion Evaluation, Screening and Identification of Oral Neoplasia Study: an assessment of high‐risk Australian populations
Authors: Dost Fatima , Do Loc , Farah Camile S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectivesPopulation‐based screening programmes which promote early detection are effective in reducing the burden of disease associated with chronic illness. The efficacy of screening for oral cancer and its preceding lesions appears promising in high‐risk groups. The objective of this study is to report on the recruitment experiences and outcomes of the ‘Lesion Evaluation, Screening and Identification of Oral Neoplasia Study’ programme, a multicentre oral mucosal screening programme developed in South East Queensland, Australia.MethodsTen screening sites were established within public and private dental clinics, indigenous health clinics and a community pharmacy. Risk assessment was undertaken through a semi‐structured interview and self‐directed questionnaires. Oral mucosal examination was completed by one of 11 trained and calibrated dentists or oral health therapists, under conventional operatory parameters.ResultsThe study ran for 24 months from April 2012 to April 2014. A total of 1498 participants consented to oral mucosal screening, with complete data available for 1252 (83.6%). Almost half (n = 561; 44.8%) were from an area of high disadvantage, and 59.9% reported annual household incomes below $40K (n = 750). Participants from backgrounds experiencing the highest level of disadvantage were more likely to have a history of tobacco use (P = 0.04). Those participants with low income had significantly higher prevalence ratios (PRs) of having suspicious oral mucosal lesions (PR: 3.13 and 5.85, respectively) than the most advantageous. Examiners reported difficulties in recruitment, which stemmed mainly from patient refusal due to time constraints, disinterest or embarrassment relating to their oral condition. Clinician outreach also proved inefficient in participant recruitment.ConclusionsPopulation‐based screening for oral cancer in the Australian context was effective in identifying people at risk of developing oral lesions, but participant recruitment appears to be a significant barrier to implementation. Further strategies are required to improve the success of such a programme, as we advocate for screening in high‐risk populations.
Bone repair of critical size defects treated with autogenic, allogenic, or xenogenic bone grafts alone or in combination with rhBMP‐2
Authors: Issa João Paulo , Gonzaga Miliane , Kotake Bruna Gabriela , de Lucia Conrado , Ervolino Edilson , Iyomasa Mamie 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the bone repair of critical size defects treated with autogenic, allogenic, or xenogenic bone grafts alone or in combination with rhBMP‐2.Material and methodsIn 112 rats, a critical bone defect of 5 mm bilaterally in the calvaria was made and filled with different bone grafts alone or combined with rhBMP‐2: group autograft (AuG); group allograft (AlG); group xenograft (XeG); group AuG/BMP‐2 (autograft and 5 μg rhBMP‐2); group AlG/BMP‐2 (allograft and 5 μg rhBMP‐2); group XeG/BMP‐2 (xenograft and 5 μg rhBMP‐2); group BMP‐2 (5 μg rhBMP‐2); and control group, filled only with blood coagulum. After a period of 4 or 6 weeks, the animals were euthanized. Histological and histometric analyses were performed for new bone formation (NB), as well as the immunohistochemical detection of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and zymographic analysis (MMP) of type 2 and 9.ResultsHistological analysis showed the bone healing process was faster and favorable in AuG and AuG/BMP‐2. In both periods, the grafted groups (AuG, XeG and AlG) had a greater volume of NB than the control group, which was even greater when combined with rhBMP‐2. The XeG group showed a higher number of TRAP‐positive multinucleated osteoclasts, and enzymatic activity revealed different levels of proMMP‐2, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 (6 weeks).ConclusionThe different types of grafts increased bone formation, mainly associated with rhBMP‐2, enhancing and accelerating the repair process. These groups had higher enzymatic indices than the control group especially with XeG, which also showed higher TRAP‐positive multinucleated cells similar to osteoclasts, suggesting a remodeling process.