bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Casing During Drilling With Rotary-Steerable Technology in the Stag Field—Offshore Australia
Authors: Graves Kyle S. , Herrera Delimar C. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Originally discovered in 1993, the Stag oil field, located on the Northwest shelf of Western Australia, has produced more than 58 million bbl since production began in 1998 (Goodacre et al. 2000). The field is shallow (680 m subsea), encompassing highly unconsolidated and highly permeable sandstone. Reservoir depletion, unconsolidated rock, water breakthrough, and sand production have created conditions under which infill-drilling campaigns have become increasingly problematic in the Stag field in recent years. There have been numerous papers documenting the history of the Stag field (McDiarmid et al. 2001; Muecke et al. 2002; Wibawa et al. 2008).
On three recent infill wells, the intermediate 12¼-in. intervals were drilled and cased with casing-while-drilling (CWD) technology with a rotary-steerable system (RSS). This was used to navigate wellbore congestion, to drill designer well paths to avoid "incoherencies" [a seismic attribute that is mappable and correlates with drilling problems (Chima et al. 2012)], to land the horizontal section, and then to drill horizontal tangent sections out to the initial reservoir penetration (liner point). The CWD applications progressed from a "new technology" trial to a stretch reach and performance goal, to finally successfully being used as a key enabling technology to drill a well that might otherwise be undrillable because of instability issues.
The directional CWD 12¼-in.-hole intervals were drilled from just below the 13-⅜in. surface casing to the 9⅝-in.-casing point, building from 25° inclination to horizontal and holding thereafter. This program (the first applications of this type in Australia) resulted in two consecutive world-record runs. The result is that CWD is a viable enabling technology that will be used to drill future Stag infill wells and should be considered as a viable alternative on other drilling projects.
This paper will discuss the identification of the technology application, planning, implementation, results, and lessons learned. This paper will end with a notional conversation regarding CWD becoming a mainstream method.
Incidence of acute lung injury in dogs receiving transfusions
Authors: Thomovsky Elizabeth J. , Bach Jonathan 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To document the existence and incidence of acute lung injury (ie, veterinary acute lung injury [VetALI] per the 2007 consensus definition) in a population of client-owned dogs receiving transfusions for various clinical reasons.
Design—Prospective observational study.
Animals—54 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Arterial blood gas analysis was performed for dogs receiving a transfusion (blood and plasma products) at 0 to 12 hours before and 24 to 48 hours after transfusion; dogs also underwent thoracic radiography 0 to 24 hours before and 24 to 48 hours after transfusion. The ratio of Pao2 to fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) was calculated. Dogs with posttransfusion radiographic signs of pulmonary infiltrates, a Pao2:Fio2 ratio < 300, or clinical signs of respiratory compromise were suspected of having VetALI and underwent echocardiography to exclude left-sided heart failure. The incidence of VetALI was calculated, and χ2 tests were used to compare the incidence in study dogs with the historical reported incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ill dogs (not receiving transfusions) and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) in humans.
Results—The incidence of VetALI (2/54 [3.7%]; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 8.73%) in study dogs was significantly less than the reported incidence of TRALI in humans (25%) and not significantly different from the reported incidence of ARDS in ill dogs (10%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—VetALI occurred in dogs that received transfusions at a frequency similar to that previously reported for ARDS in ill dogs that did not receive transfusions.
Histopathologic findings in uterine biopsy samples from subfertile bitches: 399 cases (1990–2005)
Authors: Gifford Angela T. , Scarlett Janet M. , Schlafer Donald H. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of various lesion types detected by histologic evaluation of uterine biopsy samples collected from subfertile bitches.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—399 sexually intact bitches.
Procedures—Results of histologic evaluation of canine uterine biopsy samples submitted by a single veterinary practice and clinical histories of dogs from which samples were obtained were reviewed. Clinical data including age, reason for biopsy, and histopathologic findings were recorded. The prevalence of specific lesions was determined, categorized by severity and age, and statistically analyzed.
Results—Endometritis (170/399 [42.6%] cases) and cystic endometrial changes, including cystic endometrial hyperplasia (133/399 [33.3%]) were the most prevalent lesions in the study population. Eighty-nine of 170 (52.4%) cases of endometritis were characterized as chronic with predominantly lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrates, 51 (30.0%) included mixed inflammatory reactions, and 30 (17.6%) were characterized as having acute inflammation with neutrophils, eosinophils, or both. Fibrosis was common (101/399 [25.3%] cases). Eosinophilic endometritis was significantly associated with a history of fetal loss during the same breeding cycle. No significant difference was found in prevalence of lesions among age groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The high prevalence of endometritis in this population of dogs suggested that acute and chronic endometritis may be related to subfertility in bitches. The association of eosinophilic endometrial infiltrates with a history of fetal loss may be an important diagnostic finding in dogs with endometritis.
Second intention healing after wide local excision of soft tissue sarcomas in the distal aspects of the limbs in dogs: 31 cases (2005–2012)
Authors: Prpich Cassandra Y. , Santamaria Alessandra C. , Simcock James O. , Wong Hoong Kien , Nimmo Judith S. , Kuntz Charles A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcomes for dogs with soft tissue sarcomas in the distal aspects of the limbs that underwent second intention healing after wide excision (2-cm lateral surgical margins and a margin 1 fascial plane deep) of the tumors.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—31 dogs with soft tissue sarcomas in the distal aspects of the limbs that underwent second intention healing following wide local excision of their tumors.
Procedures—Tumors were excised with 2-cm lateral margins and a margin 1 fascial plane deep to tumors. Wounds healed by means of second intention. Time to healing, complications during healing, and information regarding tumor recurrence were recorded.
Results—All tumors were excised with histologically tumor-free margins. Twenty-nine (93.5%) wounds healed completely by second intention (median time, 53 days). Two (6.5%) dogs required free skin graft procedures to facilitate healing. Complications during open wound management developed for 7 (22.6%) dogs. Long-term complications were detected for 8 (25.8%) dogs, including intermittent epidermal disruption (5/31 [16.1%]) and wound contracture (3/31 [9.7%]). All complications were managed conservatively. Local tumor recurrence was detected for 1 (3.2%) dog. Median follow-up time was 980 days (range, 380 to 2,356 days). No patients died because of tumor-related causes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated second intention healing of large wounds in the distal aspects of the limbs was complete and typically without complications for dogs that underwent wide excision of soft tissue sarcomas. Wide local excision of soft tissue sarcomas in the distal aspects of the limbs with 2-cm lateral margins and margins 1 fascial plane deep to the tumors provided excellent long-term local tumor control.
Intramedullary spinal cord mass presumptively associated with leishmaniasis in a dog
Authors: José-López Roberto , de la Fuente Cristian , Pumarola Martí , Añor Sonia 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Case Description—A 9-year-old male Miniature Poodle was evaluated because of progressive severe right hemiparesis, right forelimb lameness, and signs of cervical pain.
Clinical Findings—A low body condition score (2/9) and popliteal lymphadenopathy were detected. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, cytologic examination of bone marrow and popliteal lymph node aspirates, and serum ELISA were consistent with systemic leishmaniasis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord revealed an intramedullary mass extending from the caudal aspect of the C5 vertebral body to the C5–6 intervertebral disk space with a contrast medium–enhanced pattern that had 3 zones (central contrast medium–enhanced core, intermediate isointense zone, and peripheral contrast medium–enhanced ring). Surgical biopsy of the mass was performed by means of a right C5–6 dorsal hemilaminectomy. Results of PCR assays for detection of Leishmania DNA in CSF and tissue biopsy samples were positive.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment for systemic leishmaniasis was initiated. Two months later, body condition, neurologic signs, and gait of the dog had substantially improved; the dog had mild right forelimb paresis at that time. Results of follow-up MRI indicated resolution of the cervical spinal cord lesion. Four months after diagnosis, the dog's neurologic condition was stable.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors’ knowledge, this report is the first in which clinical findings, clinicopathologic data, and MRI characteristics of an intramedullary inflammatory spinal cord lesion presumptively attributable to leishmaniasis in a dog have been reported, and the first report of CNS leishmaniasis in a dog with MRI resolution and a successful clinical response to treatment.
Impact of colic surgery on return to function in racing Thoroughbreds: 59 cases (1996–2009)
Authors: Hart Samantha K. , Southwood Louise L. , Aceto Helen W. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of colic surgery on return to function in Thoroughbred racehorses, identify clinical variables associated with successful return to racing, and compare racing performance between horses undergoing colic surgery and an untreated cohort.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—59 Thoroughbred racehorses 2 to 5 years of age that underwent colic surgery and survived to hospital discharge and 90 untreated Thoroughbred racehorses equivalent in class.
Procedures—Medical records of patients evaluated for colic between January 1996 and July 2009 were reviewed, and horses with a Jockey Club Information Systems record were included. Physical examination and laboratory findings on hospital admission, lesion location and type, duration of surgery, duration of hospitalization, and any postoperative complications were recorded. The untreated cohort comprised 2 untreated horses randomly selected from runners in each treated horse's last race immediately prior to the date of colic surgery. Records were obtained from the Jockey Club Information Systems in April 2011. Only horses that raced at least once before and after surgery were included in the performance analysis. Number of starts, earnings per start, and total earnings were determined from race records for all horses. Quarterly earnings and number of starts for 12 quarters following the date of surgery were compared between treated and untreated horses via a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Longevity of racing was assessed by means of survival analysis. Poisson regression was used to compare rates of return to racing and active quarters aggregated across the first 12 quarters after surgery and for the available follow-up period for treated and untreated horses.
Results—45 of 59 (76%) horses that raced prior to surgery returned to racing. Return to racing was significantly associated with admission heart rate and blood lactate concentration. From quarters 3 to 12, treated and untreated horses had slight differences in the number of starts but no difference in earnings per quarter. Treated and untreated horses had no difference in total number of quarters raced, number of starts, or earnings after surgery. Treated horses had higher earnings per start, compared with untreated horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the present study, racing Thoroughbreds that underwent colic surgery and successfully returned to racing had no differences in performance variables, compared with their untreated cohorts.
Effect of constant exposure to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus on morbidity and mortality rates and performance of feedlot cattle
Authors: Grooms Daniel L. , Brock Kenny V. , Bolin Steven R. , Grotelueschen Dale M. , Cortese Victor S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of constant exposure to cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on health and performance of feedlot cattle.
Design—3 controlled trials.
Animals—Crossbred feedlot cattle (trial 1, n = 184; trial 2, 138; trial 3, 138).
Procedures—Weaned calves were or were not vaccinated against BVDV at feedlot arrival (trial 1) or 2 (trial 2) or 3 (trial 3) weeks before feedlot arrival. During trial 1, half of the calves were commingled with PI cattle throughout the feeding period. During trial 2, 63 calves were exposed to PI cattle before weaning and all calves were exposed to PI cattle throughout the feeding period. During trial 3, all study calves were exposed to PI cattle throughout the feeding period. Morbidity and mortality rates and average daily gain (ADG) data were analyzed.
Results—During trial 1, calves maintained with PI cattle had a higher morbidity rate regardless of BVDV vaccination than did calves not exposed to PI cattle; however, for calves maintained with PI cattle, the morbidity rate for those vaccinated against BVDV was less than that for those not vaccinated against BVDV. During trial 2, calves exposed to PI cattle before weaning or vaccinated against BVDV had lower morbidity and mortality rates and increased ADG, compared with those for calves not exposed to PI cattle before weaning or vaccinated against BVDV. During trial 3, health and performance did not vary between calves that were and were not vaccinated against BVDV.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exposure of cattle to BVDV naturally or through vaccination before or at feedlot arrival mitigated the negative effects of constant exposure to PI cattle.
Experiences and Attitudes of Collegiate Athletic Trainers Regarding Alcohol-Related Unintentional Injury in Athletes
Authors: Brenner James W. , Metz Stacie M. , Entriken Jack , Brenner Christina J. 
Published: December 2013

Context:
Alcohol-related unintentional injury (ARUI) has been an unexamined consequence of alcohol consumption by collegiate athletes. It has a potentially devastating effect on their athletic performances and careers. Awareness of this problem in athletes could have a huge effect on what athletic trainers (ATs) do to recognize, treat, and prevent it in a collegiate athlete population.

Objective:
To examine the experiences and attitudes among collegiate and university ATs about ARUI in the athletes in their care.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 1767 e-mail addresses for collegiate and university ATs within National Athletic Trainers' Association Districts 1, 2, 3, and 9.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We calculated frequencies, percentages, and attitudes of ATs regarding ARUI in collegiate athletes during the 2010–2011 academic year.

Results:
The resulting sample size for the analysis was 459 (26.0%) participants of the initial total sample. More than 56% (n = 260) of the ATs reported that they had evaluated, treated, or referred if needed at least 1 ARUI in a collegiate athlete. On average, these ATs had evaluated, treated, or referred if needed 3 alcohol-related unintentional injuries within the 2010–2011academic year. About 73% (n = 331) of ATs agreed that ARUI is a serious problem. Nearly 80% (n = 358) indicated they believe ATs should receive more training to identify student–athletes with alcohol-related problems.

Conclusions:
Alcohol-related unintentional injury is a common and serious consequence of alcohol use among collegiate athletes. Many ATs also view it as a serious problem yet would like more training in how to address it. Alcohol-related unintentional injury may have important negative effects on the careers and athletic performances of athletes. Researchers need to determine how prevalent ARUI is in the collegiate athlete population and what ATs can do to address it.
Postural-Stability Tests That Identify Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Linens Shelley W. , Ross Scott E. , Arnold Brent L. , Gayle Richard , Pidcoe Peter 
Published: December 2013

Context:Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by repeated ankle sprains, which have been linked to postural instability. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to identify individuals with CAI who can benefit from rehabilitation.Objective:To assess the likelihood that CAI participants will exhibit impaired postural stability and that healthy control participants will exhibit better test performance values.Design:Case-control study.Setting:Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:People with CAI (n = 17, age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 168 ± 9 cm, weight = 68 ± 12 kg) who reported ankle “giving-way” sensations and healthy volunteers (n = 17, age = 23 ± 3 years, height = 168 ± 8 cm, weight = 66 ± 12 kg).Intervention(s):Participants performed 7 balance tests: Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), time in balance, foot lift, single-legged stance on a force plate, Star Excursion Balance Test, side hop, and figure-of-8 hop.Main Outcome Measure(s):Balance was quantified with errors (score) for the BESS, length of time balancing (seconds) for time-in-balance test, frequency of foot lifts (score) for foot-lift test, velocity (cm/s) for all center-of-pressure velocity measures, excursion (cm) for center-of-pressure excursion measures, area (cm2) for 95% confidence ellipse center-of-pressure area and center-of-pressure rectangular area, time (seconds) for anterior-posterior and medial-lateral time-to-boundary (TTB) measures, distance reached (cm) for Star Excursion Balance Test, and time (seconds) to complete side-hop and figure-of-8 hop tests. We calculated area-under-the-curve values and cutoff scores and used the odds ratio to determine if those with and without CAI could be distinguished using cutoff scores.Results:We found significant area-under-the-curve values for 4 static noninstrumented measures, 3 force-plate measures, and 3 functional measures. Significant cutoff scores were noted for the time-in-balance test (≤25.89 seconds), foot-lift test (≥5), single-legged stance on the firm surface (≥3 errors) and total (≥14 errors) on the BESS, center-of-pressure resultant velocity (≥1.56 cm/s), standard deviations for medial-lateral (≤1.56 seconds) time-to-boundary and anterior-posterior (≤3.78 seconds) time-to-boundary test, posteromedial direction on the Star Excursion Balance Test (≤0.91), side-hop test (≥12.88 seconds), and figure-of-8 hop test (≥17.36 seconds).Conclusions:Clinicians can use any of the 10 significant measures with their associated cutoff scores to identify those who could benefit from rehabilitation that reestablishes postural stability.
Cervical Spine Motion During Football Equipment-Removal Protocols: A Challenge to the All-or-Nothing Endeavor
Authors: Jacobson Bradley , Cendoma Michael , Gdovin Jacob , Cooney Kevin , Bruening Dustin 
Published: December 2013

Context
The National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on acute management of the cervical spine-injured athlete recommended the all-or-nothing endeavor, which involves removing or not removing both helmet and shoulder pads, from equipment-laden American football and ice hockey athletes. However, in supporting research, investigators have not considered alternative protocols.

Objective
To measure cervical spine movement (head relative to sternum) produced when certified athletic trainers (ATs) use the all-or-nothing endeavor and to compare these findings with the movement produced using an alternative pack-and-fill protocol, which involves packing the area under and around the cervical neck and head with rolled towels.

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Movement analysis laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Eight male collegiate football players (age = 21.4 ± 1.4 years; height = 1.87 ± 0.02 m; mass = 103.6 ± 12.5 kg).

Intervention(s)
Four ATs removed equipment under 4 conditions: removal of helmet only followed by placing the head on the ground (H), removal of the helmet only followed by pack-and-fill (HP), removal of the helmet and shoulder pads followed by placing the head on the ground (HS), and removal of the helmet and shoulder pads followed by pack-and-fill (HSP). Motion capture was used to track the movement of the head with respect to the sternum during equipment removal.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We measured head movement relative to sternum movement (translations and rotations). We used 4 × 4 analyses of variance with repeated measures to compare discrete motion variables (changes in position and total excursions) among protocols and ATs.

Results
Protocol HP resulted in a 0.1 ± 0.6 cm rise in head position compared with a 1.4 ± 0.3 cm drop with protocol HS (P &lt; .001). Protocol HP produced 4.9° less total angular excursion (P &lt; .001) and 2.1 cm less total vertical excursion (P &lt; .001) than protocol HS.

Conclusions
The pack-and-fill protocol was more effective than shoulder pad removal in minimizing cervical spine movement throughout the equipment-removal process. This study provides evidence for including the pack-and-fill protocol in future treatment recommendations when helmet removal is necessary for on-field care.
The Persistent Influence of Concussive Injuries on Cognitive Control and Neuroelectric Function
Authors: Moore Robert D. , Hillman Charles H. , Broglio Steven P. 
Published: December 2013

Context:Increasing attention is being paid to the deleterious effects of sport-related concussion on cognitive and brain health.Objective:To evaluate the influence of concussion incurred during early life on the cognitive control and neuroelectric function of young adults.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty young adults were separated into groups according to concussive history (0 or 1+). Participants incurred all injuries during sport and recreation before the age of 18 years and were an average of 7.1 ± 4.0 years from injury at the time of the study.Intervention(s):All participants completed a 3-stimulus oddball task, a numeric switch task, and a modified flanker task during which event-related potentials and behavioral measures were collected.Main Outcome Measure(s):Reaction time, response accuracy, and electroencephalographic activity.Results:Compared with control participants, the concussion group exhibited decreased P3 amplitude during target detection within the oddball task and during the heterogeneous condition of the switch task. The concussion group also displayed increased N2 amplitude during the heterogeneous version of the switch task. Concussion history was associated with response accuracy during the flanker task.Conclusions:People with a history of concussion may demonstrate persistent decrements in neurocognitive function, as evidenced by decreased response accuracy, deficits in the allocation of attentional resources, and increased stimulus-response conflict during tasks requiring variable amounts of cognitive control. Neuroelectric measures of cognitive control may be uniquely sensitive to the persistent and selective decrements of concussion.