bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adductor Insertion Avulsion Syndrome Mimicking Neoplastic Processes in a 14-year-old Long-distance Runner
Authors: Nishio Jun , Hara Michiya , Naito Masatoshi 
Published: September 2012

Adductor insertion avulsion syndrome, also known as thigh splints, is an uncommon condition that can mimic primary bone tumors or osteomyelitis.
This article describes the clinical and imaging findings of adductor insertion avulsion syndrome in a 14-year-old male long-distance runner. The patient presented with a 1-month history of progressively worsening pain in the medial aspect of the left thigh. No significant findings were noted on physical examination except slight tenderness to palpation. Radiographs revealed an intracortical radiolucent lesion with a solid periosteal reaction in the medial aspect of the femoral diaphysis. Bone scintigraphy showed an increased uptake corresponding with the lesion of the left medial femoral diaphysis. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of periosteal reaction and intracortical linear hypoattenuation and showed no fracture line. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed periosteal, cortical, and intramedullary signal intensity abnormalities. These clinical and radiologic features suggested adductor insertion avulsion syndrome. The patient was treated with initial avoidance of weight bearing using 2 crutches for ambulation, followed by progressive weight bearing over a period of 2 weeks. The symptom resolved completely 7 weeks after initial evaluation, and the patient had normal gait without pain.
Knowledge of this condition is important for the appropriate interpretation of imaging findings and the avoidance of unnecessary biopsy with potentially misleading results. Moreover, this case provides a time line as a reference for the rehabilitation of patients in similar cases.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Intrauterine Device Complications
Authors: Ansari Ahmed S , Tullius Thomas G , Ross Jason R 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Over the past few decades, the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) as long-term contraception has steadily been increasing. Along with the increased use of IUDs, many possible complications have been made apparent. This article presents an overview of normal IUD placement, possible complications and their diagnosis using ultrasound. Ultrasound has emerged as an excellent imaging modality for the diagnosis of many pelvic pathologies, because of its availability, sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness and lack of radiation. By reading this article, the reader will be able to identify common IUD complications using ultrasound.

How to cite this article
Ansari AS, Tullius TG Jr, Ross JR, Plavsic SK. The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Intrauterine Device Complications. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):318-326.
Grotesque Bodies, Princely Delight:
Authors: O'Bryan Robin 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
This essay examines the representation of dwarfs in Italian Renaissance court imagery, principally in works that are portrait-like in nature and that highlight their bodily deformations. While such renderings offered evidence of the artist's virtuosity in depicting unusual physiognomies, I suggest that court artists went beyond mere verisimilitude, deliberately accentuating and exploiting the dwarf's distinctive anatomical deficiencies, whether through juxtapositions with well-proportioned bodies, or as singular expressions of corporeal irregularity. This investigation also delves into the fluctuating and at times contradictory nature of the Italian Renaissance mentalité, which viewed dwarfs—in life as in art—as both repellant and yet attractive, and alternatively as benign, potent, and/or comical. For however much negativity was ascribed to their deformed stature, the presentation of the dwarf's body in court imagery had equally positive implications, providing pleasure for the viewer, bestowing prestige on the princely patron, and evoking amazement for the dwarf as Nature's own marvel.
The Werewolves of Livonia:
Authors: Donecker Stefan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Throughout the early modern period, the territory of Livonia, roughly corresponding to present-day Latvia and Estonia, was known as an abode of particularly vicious werewolves. Diabolic shape-shifting was a common feature in witch trials all over Europe, but no other country gained a similar notoriety as an alleged lycanthropy hot spot. During the last two decades, historians and anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to the topic, but their research has been predominantly focused on trial records and juridical sources. Complementing these contributions, this essay approaches the Livonian werewolves from a different angle: as a topic of theoretical considerations and scholarly treatises.
European men of letters first learned about the shape-changers of Livonia from Sebastian Münster's influential Cosmographia in 1550. Five years later, the exiled Swedish bishop Olaus Magnus expanded Münster's succinct report into a detailed and fanciful description of the Baltic werewolves and their savage nature—an account that left a lasting impression on the imagination of European intellectuals. For the next 150 years, Livonian werewolves were regularly mentioned and discussed in demonological, ethnographic, and historiographic treatises, before the skeptical attitude of the early Enlightenment banished them from scholarly literature in the 1720s.
Crystallography of DNA and RNA G‐Quadruplex Nucleic Acids and Their Ligand Complexes
Authors: Campbell Nancy , Collie Gavin W. , Neidle Stephen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractQuadruplexes are higher‐order structures formed by natural guanine‐rich nucleic acid sequences. They may play a role in gene regulation and in telomere function. This article focuses on the crystallization of quadruplexes and their complexes with small‐molecule ligands. Protocols for successful crystallization, as used in the author's laboratory, are described in detail. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 50:17.6.1‐17.6.22. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lipolysis in Intraabdorninal Adipose Tissues of Obese Women and Men
Authors: Fried Susan K. , Leibel Rudolph L. , Edens Neilé K. , Kral John G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntraabdominal fat in humans is located in two major depots, the omental and mesenteric. We compared basal and stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue from these two depots and the subcutaneous abdominal depot of obese women and men. Omental fat cells of women are smaller and have lower rates of basal lipolysis than in men. Basal Iipolysis rates are significantly higher in subcutaneous than intraabdominal adipose tissues of both genders. In men, the incremental lipolytic response to norepinephrine is significantly greater in both intraabdominal fat depots than in the subcutaneous fat, while in women tlie response of tlie mesenteric is lower than tlie omental. In women, but not men, responsiveness to tlie beta agonist isoproterenol is also increased in omental tissue. Thus, in women, omental and mesenteric adipose tissues show distinctly different metabolic properties which may moderate the impact of intraabdominal obesity.
Insulin Secretion in Hypothalamic Obesity: Diurnal Variation and the Effect of Naloxone
Authors: Lee Amy , Bray George A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper has tested the hypothesis that patients with hypothalamic obesity have altered mechanisms controlling insulin secretion when compared to obese patients without hypothalamic injury. Fasting glucose and insulin values were significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon in the six control obese patients, but there was no diurnal difference in the six patients with hypothalamic obesity (n=6). The control obese subjects showed a diurnal variation in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, whereas the patients with hypothalamic obesity did not, suggesting that hypothalamic injury had destroyed diurnal rhythms. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, acutely suppressed fasting insulin in the six patients with essential obesity but had little effect on fasting insulin in the three patients with hypothalamic obesity or in five normal‐weight controls. Naloxone increased insulin sensitivity in the obese control patients, but did not affect either insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity in patients with hypothalamic obesity or in normal weight subjects. Our results support the conclusion that hypothalamic obesity disrupts diurnal rhythms, with the suggestion that opioid peptides affect insulin secretion differently in patients with essential obesity as compared to normal weight subjects or those with hypothalamic obesity.
Two Preadipocyte Subtypes Cloned from Human Omental Fat
Authors: Kirkland James L , Hollenberg Charles H. , Gillon Wanda S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo determine whether the characteristics of preadipocytes derived from human fat are uniform or variable, we developed methods for culturing and differentiating cloned human preadipocytes. Individual human omental preadipocytes were cultured for six weeks. The number of cells varied considerably among clones derived from the same subject, implying that human preadipocytes vary in replicative capacity. Indeed, two cell subtypes were found in human omental fat; one type replicated slowly and the other was capable of extensive replication. Cells of both subtypes were capable of differentiation into adipocytes, confirming that both subtypes were preadipocytes. When rat perirenal and epididymal preadipocytes were cloned, a slowly replicating and an extensively replicating preadipocyte subtype were also found. It is proposed that preadipocytes of the rapidly and the slowly replicating subtypes may be at different stages along the pathway between uncommitted precursor cells and differentiated adipocytes.
Fluoxetine: A Randomized Clinical Trial in the Maintenance of Weight Loss
Authors: Goldstein David J. , Rampey Alvin H. , Dornseif Bruce E. , Levine Louise R. , Potvin Janet H. , Fludzinski Laura A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBecause current weight‐reduction treatments have considerable recidivism, a therapy that could help patients maintain weight loss would be of benefit. A six‐center, randomized, double‐blind trial compared the effects of the specific serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine hydrochloride, and placebo on maintenance of weight loss. Obese outpatients who had lost ≤3.6 kg after 8 weeks of single‐blind fluoxetine 60 mg/day in the qualification phase (N=317 [70.4% of patients entered]; mean ± standard deviation [SD] weight loss, 6.8 ± 2.8 kg) were randomly assigned to fluoxetine 20 mg/day (N=104), fluoxetine 60 mg/day (N=106), or placebo (N=107) for 40 weeks (maintenance phase). Patients received minimal nutrition/dietary counseling. Qualification phase clinic visits were biweekly; maintenance phase visits were monthly for 4 months, then bimonthly for 6 months. Patients treated with fluoxetine 60 mg/day continued to lose weight for 8 additional weeks (16 weeks total; maximum mean ± SD weight loss, 7.2 ± 4.6 kg); those treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day or placebo began to regain weight. Mean weights remained below baseline values at week 48 (all groups); treatment differences were not statistically significant. Study completion rates were comparable (fluoxetine 20 mg/day, 67.3%; fluoxetine 60 mg/day, 56.6%; placebo, 67.3%; p = 0.175). Among commonly reported adverse events (>10% incidence), only asthenia was reported statistically significantly (p< 0.050) more frequently with fluoxetine than with placebo. Few patients discontinued for any single adverse event. Fluoxetine 60 mg/day was effective for a longer period than fluoxetine 20 mg/day or placebo in maintaining weight loss. Overall, fluoxetine was safe and well tolerated.
Non Linear Weight Gain with Long Term Overfeeding in Man
Authors: Deriaz Olivier , Tremblay Angelo , Bouchard Claude 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study deals with the pattern of body weight gain during an overfeeding period with a constant energy intake, in order to assess whether total daily energy expenditure (TEE) increased with body weight and thus could account for the progressive slow down in body weight gain over time. Twenty‐four young adult males (12 pairs of identical twins) were overfed by 4.2 MJ per day, six days a week, for a total of 84 days during a 100‐day overfeeding period. The total excess amount each man consumed was 353 MJ. It was assumed that, at a given time, the TEE increase (E) was dependent on body weight gain and energy cost (C) was proportional to the daily body weight gain. Results show an exponential increase in body weight, fat free mass, and fat mass (with half‐times of 86, 57, and 84 days, respectively) that allows the calculation of E (246 ± 37 kJ*kg−1 d−1, mean ± SE) and C (32.3 ± 2.4 MJ kg−1). Energy expenditure from other sources besides resting metabolic rate, such as physical activity and thermic effect of food, may represent as much as 65% of E. At the beginning of the overfeeding period, almost all the energy surplus was recovered as body substances but this proportion decreased to 60% after 100 days of overfeeding. It is concluded that 1) TEE changes were related to body weight change, 2) about 65% of E were accounted for by physical activity, thermic effect of food, or some other components, and 3) the fraction of the energy surplus stored as body substances decreased with the duration of overfeeding.
Binge Eating Disorder Affects Outcome of Comprehensive Very‐Low‐Calorie Diet Treatment
Authors: Yanovski Susan Zelitch , Gormally James F. , Leser Maureen S. , Gwirtsman Hurry E. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo determine the effects of binge eating disorder (BED) on weight loss and maintenance in women undergoing treatment for obesity, we studied the weight changes of 38 women (body mass index >30 kg/m2), 21 of whom met proposed criteria for BED and 17 of whom reported few problems with binge eating, during and after a 26‐week comprehensive very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD) treatment program. All 17 subjects without and 16/21 subjects with BED returned for four follow‐up visits over 12 months (p=0.05). While a similar proportion of subjects with and without BED reported absolute adherence to both the modified fast and refeeding, those with BED showed a significantly different distribution in energy intake from those without BED, with fewer small and more large lapses among those who deviated from the diet (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean weight loss over the 26 weeks of treatment, but subjects with BED showed significantly diminished weight loss during the middle third of treatment (p<0.05). Black subjects, regardless of the presence of BED, lost significantly less weight during treatment than white subjects (p<0.005). Although there was no significant difference in mean weight loss at any of the four follow‐up visits between subjects with and without BED, 25% of subjects with BED had regained >50% of their lost weight by three‐month follow‐up, vs. no subjects without the disorder (p<0.05). One year after completing treatment, approximately half of BED (+) and BED (‐) subjects had a good outcome, maintaining a weight loss ≥10% of initial body weight. However, 35% of subjects with BED, and none of the subjects without BED, had a poor outcome (p<0.05). We conclude that many individuals with BED will respond well to a medically supervised comprehensive VLCD program, attaining medically significant weight loss. However, this subgroup appears to be at risk for early major regain of lost weight and for poor outcome one year following weight‐loss treatment.
An Exploratory Investigation of Genetic Linkage with Body Composition and Fatness Phenotypes: The Québec Family Study
Authors: Borecki Ingrid B. , Rice Treva , Pérusse Louis , Bouchard Claude , Rao D. C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the present investigation, we have attempted to identify regions of the genome in which “obesity genes” potentially reside using robust sib‐pair linkage analysis. Data were collected on 1,628 individuals in 301 nuclear families residing in the environs of Québec City during the period 1978–1981. In addition to traditional blood group antigens and enzyme polymorphisms, several phenotypes in the obesity domain that are associated with increased morbidity were assessed, including measures relating to heaviness (i.e., the body mass index), body composition and nutrient partitioning (i.e., % body fat), and regional fat distribution without and with standardization for total fat mass (i.e., the sum of six skinfold thicknesses, and the ratio of the sums of trunk to extremity skinfold thicknesses). Three consistent patterns of potential linkage relationships with obesity phenotypes were revealed in these data, involving the marker loci adenosine deaminase, the Kell blood group antigen, and esterase D, which identify chromosomal regions 20q13, 7q33, and 13q14, respectively. Other potential linkages also were identified in the short arm of chromosome 1, interesting because of the presence of the db and fa loci on homologous regions of chromosome 1 in mouse and rat models of obesity, respectively. Each of the tentative linkage relationships reported here warrant follow‐up using alternative methods and require replication in independent studies.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Blacks and Whites
Authors: Darga Linda L. , Holden Jacqueline H. , Olson Sheldon M. , Lucas Charles P 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBlacks are known to have higher blood pressure levels, a higher prevalence of hypertension, and higher body weights than whites. However, the interrelationships of these and other cardiac risk factors have not been analyzed in an obese population. We compared blood pressure (BP) and lipid levels in 174 obese blacks and 939 obese white patients who were entering a weight loss program; we also assessed the effects of weight loss on these factors. Prevalence of treated hypertension was similar in blacks and whites (28% vs. 25%, respectively). In patients not taking BP medication, black women weighed more (108 kg) than white women (102 kg) and black and white males' weights were similar (135 kg vs. 131 kg). Systolic and diastolic BP were similar in black and white women; black males had similar SBP but a significantly lower DBP than white males (83 mmHg vs. 89 mmHg, respectively). Lipid levels were similar in black and white women except black women had lower triglycerides (1.30 mmol/L) than white women (1.58 mmol/L, p<0.05); and black males compared to white males had significantly lower total cholesterol (4.76 mmol/L vs. 5.56 mmol/L), LDL‐cholesterol (3.15 mmol/L vs. 3.52 mmol/L) and triglycerides (1.31 mmol/L vs. 2.17 mmol/L, p<0.05). Adult‐onset obesity adversely affected a number of cardiovascular risk factors in whites, but not in blacks. Blacks lost significantly less weight (−13 kg) than whites (−19 kg). However, controlling for the difference in weight loss, blacks sustained comparable improvement in lipids and blood pressure, except for TC/HDL‐C (whites improved significantly more, −0.36 kg/m2, than blacks, 0.03 kg/m2). Thus, the impact of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors seems ameliorated in blacks com‐pared to whites.
Stress‐Induced Cortisol Response and Fat Distribution in Women
Authors: Moyer Anne E. , Rodin Judith , Grilo Carlos M. , Cummings Nancy , Larson Lynn M. , Rebuffé‐Scrive Marielle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent studies have shown an association between uncontrollable stress and abdominal fat distribution. It has been suggested that changes in cortisol secretion might represent one possible mechanism for this relationship. This study investigated whether body fat distribution, determined by waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), is related to salivary cortisol levels in response to laboratory stressors. Subjects were 41 overweight women with a Low or a High WHR. Multiple measures of cortisol and mood were obtained during a session of stressful tasks (eg., timed arithmetic) and during a time‐matched, control rest session. Also, background life stress and psychological trait variables were assessed. Compared to Low WHR subjects, High WHR subjects secreted significantly more cortisol during the stressful session after 60 minutes of stress, and considering the total area under the curve of secretion. This difference was not seen on the rest day. In terms of background and psychological measures, High WHR subjects were characterized by poorer coping skills and differences in mood reactivity. Specifically, although all subjects became more angry in response to the stressful session, High WHR subjects showed smaller increases in anger. This could indicate that they are more likely to evidence a helpless reaction to uncontrollable stress. These findings support the hypothesis that cortisol secretion might represent a mechanism for the observed association between stress and abdominal fat distribution. Furthermore, differences in coping and appraisal may suggest that a particular psychological pattern might influence the reactivity of the adrenal‐cortical system to stress, and subsequent fat distribution.
Growth Hormone Secretion after Testosterone Administration to Men with Visceral Obesity
Authors: Mårin Per , Rosmond Roland , Bengtsson Bengt‐Åke , Gustafsson Carola , Holm Göran , Bjömtorp Per 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVisceral obese men were characterized by a decreased total GH secretion and diminished peak amplitude, size, and number. T‐substitution was followed by elevation of IGF‐I levels. The IGF‐I increase correlated with the elevation of T‐concentration, and was most pronounced in men with the lowest concentrations of free T from the outset. There were no detectable changes in total quantity, amplitude, size or number of peaks of GH secretion. Glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as well as diastolic blood pressure decreased. There were no changes in thyroid or hematology variables.Visceral obesity in men has been reported to be characterized by low testosterone (T) and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) concentrations, the latter suggesting a relative growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Since T and GH‐secretions are interrelated, men with visceral obesity were substituted with T for 14 days, and diurnal secretion pattern of GH as well as IGF‐I concentrations, and metabolic variables were followed.T‐substitution of visceral obese men is followed by an elevation of IGF‐I concentrations. It is suggested that this might be due either to minor, non‐detectable increases in GH secretion, or to direct effects of T on IGF‐I concentrations. The regulatory mechanisms by which T‐administration are leading to metabolic and anthropometric improvements, might be direct effects of T, with or without mediation via GH secretion.