bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Calibration Uncertainty and Automation for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agricultural Areas Using METRIC
Authors: Morton Charles G. , Huntington Justin L. , Pohll Greg M. , Allen Richard G. , McGwire Kenneth C. , Bassett Scott D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAgricultural irrigation accounts for a large fraction of the total water use in the western United States. The Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) remote sensing energy balance model is being used to estimate historical agricultural water use in western Nevada to evaluate basin‐wide water budgets. Each METRIC evapotranspiration (ET) estimate must be calibrated by a trained user, which requires some iterative time investment and results in variation in ET estimates between users. An automated calibration algorithm for the METRIC model was designed to generate ET estimates comparable to those from trained users by mimicking the manual calibration process. Automated calibration allows for rapid generation of METRIC ET estimates with minimal manual intervention, as well as uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the model. The variation in ET estimates generated by the automated calibration algorithm was found to be similar to the variation in manual ET estimates. Results indicate that uncertainty was highest for fields with low ET levels and lowest for fields with high ET levels, with a seasonal mean uncertainty of approximately 5% for all fields. In addition, in a blind comparison, automated daily and seasonal ET estimates compared well with flux tower measurement ET data at multiple sites. Automated methods can generate first‐order ET estimates that are similar to time intensive manual efforts with less time investment.
Operational Evapotranspiration Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Weather Datasets: A New Parameterization for the SSEB Approach
Authors: Senay Gabriel B. , Bohms Stefanie , Singh Ramesh K. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Velpuri Naga M. , Alemu Henok , Verdin James P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe increasing availability of multi‐scale remotely sensed data and global weather datasets is allowing the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) at multiple scales. We present a simple but robust method that uses remotely sensed thermal data and model‐assimilated weather fields to produce ET for the contiguous United States (CONUS) at monthly and seasonal time scales. The method is based on the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model, which is now parameterized for operational applications, renamed as SSEBop. The innovative aspect of the SSEBop is that it uses predefined boundary conditions that are unique to each pixel for the “hot” and “cold” reference conditions. The SSEBop model was used for computing ET for 12 years (2000‐2011) using the MODIS and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) data streams. SSEBop ET results compared reasonably well with monthly eddy covariance ET data explaining 64% of the observed variability across diverse ecosystems in the CONUS during 2005. Twelve annual ET anomalies (2000‐2011) depicted the spatial extent and severity of the commonly known drought years in the CONUS. More research is required to improve the representation of the predefined boundary conditions in complex terrain at small spatial scales. SSEBop model was found to be a promising approach to conduct water use studies in the CONUS, with a similar opportunity in other parts of the world. The approach can also be applied with other thermal sensors such as Landsat.
Collaborative Modeling for Decision Support in Water Resources: Principles and Best Practices
Authors: Langsdale Stacy , Beall Allyson , Bourget Elizabeth , Hagen Erik , Kudlas Scott , Palmer Richard , Tate Diane , Werick William 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCollaborative Modeling for Decision Support integrates collaborative modeling with participatory processes to inform natural resources decisions. Practitioners and advocates claim that the approach will lead to better water management, balancing interests more effectively and reducing the likelihood of costly legal delays. These claims are easy to make, but the benefits will only be realized if the process is conducted effectively. To provide guidance for how to conduct an effective collaborative modeling process, a task committee cosponsored by the Environmental Water Resources Institute (EWRI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers and by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Institute for Water Resources developed a set of Principles and Best Practices for anyone who might convene or conduct collaborative modeling processes. The guidance is intended for both conflict resolution professionals and modelers, and our goal is to integrate these two fields in a way that will improve water resources planning and decision making. Here, the set of eight principles is presented along with a selection of associated best practices, illustrated by two different case examples. The complete document is available at: http://www.computeraideddisputeresolution.us/bestpractices/.
Identifying individual psychosocial and adherence support needs in patients with psoriasis: a multinational two‐stage qualitative and quantitative study
Authors: Bewley A. , Burrage D. M. , Ersser S. J. , Hansen M. , Ward C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis has a serious impact on patients' lives. However, adherence to medications is often poor, potentially compounding the burden of disease. Identifying patients who need support with psychosocial problems, or issues with adherence, can be complex.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop statements that could assist the consultation process, identifying the relative importance of factors related to effective management of psoriasis for patients.MethodsA two‐stage study design was used to comprehensively identify, and assess validity of, statements describing psoriasis impact and management issues. Both components were conducted in Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. Findings from patient observation and interviews were analysed for pattern strength, and were then used to inform the development of statements that were quantitatively assessed using a survey. The association of drivers towards agreement with ‘my psoriasis dictates how I lead my life’ was assessed using anova.ResultsFifty‐six patients participated in the qualitative component, and 1,884 patients using prescription medications completed the survey. Two thematic categories were identified; disappointment with treatments, and confusion regarding psoriasis associated with a lack of direction. When assessed quantitatively, key statements associated with a strong burden of psoriasis on patients' lives were related to isolation, social stigma, visible symptoms, impact on activities and feelings of hopelessness. A mixture of patient‐, doctor‐ and treatment‐related factors were among the most common reasons for non‐adherence.ConclusionQuestioning using the statements most associated with psychosocial impact and non‐adherence could help identify patients with additional support needs, and assist in overcoming adherence issues.
A one‐locus model of androdioecy with two homomorphic self‐incompatibility groups: expected vs. observed male frequencies
Authors: Husse L. , Billiard S. , Lepart J. , Vernet P. , Saumitou‐Laprade P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAndrodioecy, the occurrence of males and hermaphrodites in a single population, is a rare breeding system because the conditions for maintenance of males are restrictive. In the androdioecious shrub Phillyrea angustifolia, high male frequencies are observed in some populations. The species has a sporophytic self‐incompatibility (SI) system with two self‐incompatibility groups, which ensures that two groups of hermaphrodites can each mate only with the other group, whereas males can fertilize hermaphrodites of both groups. Here, we analyse a population genetic model to investigate the dynamics of such an androdioecious species, assuming that self‐incompatibility and sex phenotypes are determined by a single locus. Our model confirms a previous prediction that a slight reproductive advantage of males relative to hermaphrodites allows the maintenance of males at high equilibrium frequencies. The model predicts different equilibria between hermaphrodites of the two SI groups and males, depending on the male advantage, the initial composition of the population and the population size, whose effect is studied through stochastic simulations. Although the model can generate high male frequencies, observed frequencies are considerably higher than the model predicts. We finally discuss how this model may help explain the large male frequency variation observed in other androdioecious species of Oleaceae: some species show only androdioecious populations, as P. angustifolia, whereas others show populations either completely hermaphrodite or androdioecious.
Why care? Inferring the evolution of complex social behaviour
Authors: Székely T. , Remeš V. , Freckleton R. P. , Liker A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPhylogenetic comparative analyses of complex traits often reduce the traits of interests into a single (or a few) component variables. Here, we show that this may be an over‐simplification, because components of a complex trait may evolve independently from each other. Using eight components of parental care in 400 bird species from 89 avian families that represent the relative contribution of male vs. female to a particular type of care, we show that some components evolve in a highly correlated manner, whereas others exhibit low (or no) phylogenetic correlation. Correlations were stronger within types of parental activity (brooding, feeding, guarding) than within stages of the breeding cycle (incubation, prefledging care, post‐fledging care). A phylogenetically corrected cluster analysis identified two groups of parental care components that evolved in a correlated fashion: one group included incubation and brooding, whereas the other group comprised of the remaining components. The two groups of components provide working hypotheses for follow‐up studies to test the underlying genetic, developmental and ecological co‐evolutionary mechanism between male and female care. Furthermore, the components within each group are expected to respond consistently to different ambient and social environments.
Aggregate Risk and the Choice between Cash and Lines of Credit
Authors: ACHARYA VIRAL V. , ALMEIDA HEITOR , CAMPELLO MURILLO 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBanks can create liquidity for firms by pooling their idiosyncratic risks. As a result, bank lines of credit to firms with greater aggregate risk should be costlier and such firms opt for cash in spite of the incurred liquidity premium. We find empirical support for this novel theoretical insight. Firms with higher beta have a higher ratio of cash to credit lines and face greater costs on their lines. In times of heightened aggregate volatility, banks exposed to undrawn credit lines become riskier; bank credit lines feature fewer initiations, higher spreads, and shorter maturity; and, firms’ cash reserves rise.
The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure: Application of a new therapeutic paradigm
Authors: Taghavi Kiarash , Beasley Spencer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is a term given to a technique that can transform a potentially fatal neonatal emergency to a controlled intervention with an improved outcome. It has revolutionised the care of prenatally diagnosed congenital malformations in which severe upper airway obstruction is anticipated. An extended period of utero‐placental circulation can be utilised to avoid profound cardiopulmonary compromise. Its therapeutic applications have been broadened to include fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia after tracheal plugging, high‐risk intrathoracic masses, severe cardiac malformations and conjoined twins. It requires the co‐ordination of a highly skilled and experienced multidisciplinary team. The recent enthusiasm for the EXIT procedure needs to be balanced against maternal morbidity. Specific indications and guidelines are likely to be refined as a consequence of ongoing advances in fetal intervention and antenatal imaging.
Prophylactic anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized cirrhosis patients is not associated with high rates of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Intagliata Nicolas M. , Henry Zachary H. , Shah Neeral , Lisman Ton , Caldwell Stephen H. , Northup Patrick G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized patients with cirrhosis are at risk to develop venous thromboembolism. Although current guidelines support the routine administration of thromboprophylaxis to hospitalized patients, there is limited data regarding the safety or efficacy of this practice in hospitalized cirrhosis patients.AimsWe aimed to determine if administration of thromboprophylaxis was associated with increased complication rates for hospitalized cirrhosis patients.MethodsData were collected on patients admitted to the University of Virginia between 2007 and 2010. Study personnel systematically collected data on complications, including gastrointestinal bleed, venous thromboembolism and death directly from the medical record.ResultsA total of 235 patients (accounting for 355 discrete hospitalizations in which thromboprophylaxis was administered) met inclusion criteria accounting for 1660 person‐days of thromboprophylaxis administered to patients. The mean age at admission was 58 (95% CI 57.1–59.2) years and 217 (61%) were male patients. The mean admission model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score was 16.2 (95% CI 15.5–16.9). The mean hospital length of stay was 6.5 (95% CI 5.9–7.4) days. In patients who received thromboprophylaxis, the mean treatment length was 4.7 days (95% CI 4.2–5.2). There were nine gastrointestinal bleeding events (2.5% of admissions), five venous thromboembolisms (1.4% of admissions), two cases of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (0.5% of admissions) and 14 deaths overall (3.9% of admissions).ConclusionsThe use of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized cirrhosis patients is not associated with high rates of gastrointestinal bleeding or death.
Metacognitions, worry and attentional control in predicting OSCE performance test anxiety
Authors: O’Carroll Pierce J , Fisher Peter 
Published: May 2013

Objectives  This study investigated the applicability of the self‐regulatory executive functioning (S‐REF) model to performance test anxiety (PTA) in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Specifically, it examined the relative contributions of metacognitive beliefs, trait worry and attentional control to PTA.Methods  A cross‐sectional design was used. Immediately prior to their formative Communication for Clinical Practice OSCE, 240 Year 1 medical students completed the following self‐report questionnaires: the Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30); the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ); the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Performance Test Anxiety questionnaire (PTA).Results  Univariate analysis indicated that female students scored significantly more highly than male students on the MCQ‐30 subscale for negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry, the MCQ‐30 subscale for cognitive confidence and the PSWQ subscale for trait worry. Partial correlations (controlling for gender) showed that metacognitions, worry and attentional control were significantly correlated with PTA. Multiple regression analyses showed that worry and negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry were independent predictors of PTA in both male and female students, whereas attention focus was an independent predictor only in male students.Conclusions  The findings support predictions derived from the S‐REF model that metacognitive beliefs, trait worry and attentional control processes underlie the onset and maintenance of PTA.
The availability of purine nucleotides regulates natural competence by controlling translation of the competence activator Sxy
Authors: Sinha Sunita , Mell Joshua , Redfield Rosemary 
Published: May 2013

SummaryMany bacteria are naturally competent, able to bind and take up DNA from their extracellular environment. This DNA can serve as a significant source of nutrients, in addition to providing genetic material for recombination. The regulation of competence in several model organisms highlights the importance of this nutritional function, although it has often been overlooked. Natural competence is induced by starvation in Haemophilus influenzae, the model for competence regulation in the gamma‐proteobacteria. This induction depends on the activation of the global metabolic regulator CRP, which occurs upon depletion of phosphotransferase sugars. In this work, we show that the depletion of purine nucleotides under competence‐inducing conditions activates the CRP‐dependent competence‐specific regulator Sxy. Depletion of extra‐ or intra‐cellular purine nucleotides activates Sxy translation, while high levels inhibit it. This is modulated by the stem structure formed by sxy mRNA. The exact mechanism by which the nucleotide depletion signal is transduced is unclear, but it does not involve direct binding of purine intermediates to the sxy stem, and does not require Hfq or competence proteins. Similar regulation occurs in the relatives of H. influenzae, Actinobacillus pneumoniae and A. suis, confirming the importance of processes enabling competent bacteria to exploit the abundant DNA in their environments.
Compassion fatigue and satisfaction: A cross‐sectional survey among US healthcare workers
Authors: Smart Denise , English Ashley , James Jennifer , Wilson Marian , Daratha Kenn B. , Childers Belinda , Magera Chris 
Published: May 2013

AbstractProfessional quality of life among healthcare providers can impact the quality and safety of patient care. The purpose of this research was to investigate compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue levels as measured by the Professional Quality of Life Scale self‐report instrument in a community hospital in the United States. A cross‐sectional survey study examined differences among 139 RNs, physicians, and nursing assistants. Relationships among individual and organizational variables were explored. Caregivers for critical patients scored significantly lower on the Professional Quality of Life subscale of burnout when compared with those working in a noncritical care unit. Linear regression results indicate that high sleep levels and employment in critical care areas are associated with less burnout. Identification of predictors can be used to design interventions that address modifiable risks.
Harnessing the beneficial properties of adipogenic microbes for improving human health
Authors: Dhurandhar N. V. , Geurts L. , Atkinson R. L. , Casteilla L. , Clement K. , Gerard P. , Vijay‐Kumar M. , Nam J. H. , Nieuwdorp M. , Trovato G. , Sørensen T. I. A. , Vidal‐Puig A. , Cani P. D. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObesity is associated with numerous metabolic comorbidities. Weight loss is an effective measure for alleviating many of these metabolic abnormalities. However, considering the limited success of most medical weight‐management approaches in producing a sustained weight loss, approaches that improve obesity‐related metabolic abnormalities independent of weight loss would be extremely attractive and of practical benefit. Metabolically healthy obesity supports the notion that a better metabolic profile is possible despite obesity. Moreover, adequate expansion of adipose tissue appears to confer protection from obesity‐induced metabolic comorbidities. To this end, the 10th Stock conference examined new approaches to improve metabolic comorbidities independent of weight loss. In particular, human adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and specific gut microbes were examined for their potential to influence lipid and glucose homeostasis in animals and humans. While these microbes possess some undesirable properties, research has identified attributes of adenovirus Ad36 and gut microbes that may be selectively harnessed to improve metabolic profile without the obligatory weight loss. Furthermore, identifying the host signalling pathways that these microbes recruit to improve the metabolic profile may offer new templates and targets, which may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for obesity‐related metabolic conditions.
Myopia and international educational performance
Authors: Morgan Ian G , Rose Kathryn A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the relationship between myopia, educational performance and engagement in after‐school tutorial classes.MethodsEducational performance data and data on engagement in after‐school tutorial classes were taken from the results of theOrganisation forEconomicCooperation andDevelopment (OECD)Program inSecondaryAssessment (PISA) reports for 2009, which tested educational outcomes in representative samples of 15 year‐old school children from 65 jurisdictions. High prevalence of myopia (>70%) and low prevalence of myopia (<40%) locations were identified by systematic literature search.ResultsSix locations with a high prevalence of myopia were identified from among the participants inPISA2009 –Shanghai‐China,HongKong‐China,Taiwan,Singapore,Japan andSouthKorea. All were ranked in the top quartile on educational performance. Other participants in the top educational performance quartile were identified as locations with a low prevalence of myopia, includingAustralia andFinland. The locations with a high prevalence of myopia combined high educational performance and high engagement in after‐school tutorials, whereas the locations with a low prevalence of myopia combined high educational performance with little engagement in tutorials.DiscussionThese results show that it is possible to achieve high educational outcomes without extensive engagement in after‐school tutorials, and that the combination of high educational outcomes with extensive use of tutorials is associated with high prevalence rates of myopia. We suggest that extensive use of after‐school tutorials may be a marker of educational environments which impose high educational loads. Further quantification of educational loads to include after‐ school educational activities, such as homework, tutorials and other after‐school classes, as well as formal school classes, is desirable. Policy initiatives to decrease these loads may contribute to the prevention of myopia, perhaps, at least in part, by enabling children to spend more time outdoors.