bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a new model of desirable dietary pattern (N-DDP) score for Chinese diets
Authors: Zhou Zhenghua , Hu Wen , Li Ming , Xu Rongxian , Shi Lei , Huang Chengyu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a new model of desirable dietary pattern (N-DDP) score for Chinese diets and to validate it against the nutrient-rich foods (NRF) index.DesignThe N-DDP score model followed the principles of the traditional DDP (T-DDP) score model (DDP-China for 2000) proposed in 1991 and of food grouping in the dietary pagoda for Chinese residents in 2007, and made detailed ratings by expressing the food weight coefficient, reasonable maximum limit of the score and an algorithm of the deserved score for each group of foods after considering current nutritional problems of Chinese residents. The N-DDP score model was validated against the NRF9·3 index with linear regression analysis and compared with the T-DDP score model.SettingsOne set of dietary data was extracted from the diet recommended by the dietary pagoda for Chinese residents in 2007 and the literature on dietary surveys in China. The other two sets of dietary data were from a dietary survey in 2011. DDP scores for all three dietary data sets were calculated with the N-DDP score model and the T-DDP score model.SubjectsAll items of dietary records in the three dietary data sets were included in the present study.ResultsAll DDP scores obtained with the N-DDP score model were positively correlated (P = 0·000) with the NRF9·3 index. DDP scores obtained with the N-DDP score model had higher R2 with the NRF9·3 index than those of the T-DDP score model, as well as higher β values.ConclusionsIt can be considered that the N-DDP score is a more accurate and convenient tool to evaluate current individual and group diet for Chinese residents.
High levels of household food insecurity on the Navajo Nation
Authors: Pardilla Marla , Prasad Divya , Suratkar Sonali , Gittelsohn Joel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess levels of and identify factors associated with food insecurity on the Navajo Nation.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the ten-item Radimer/Cornell food insecurity instrument. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and anthropometric data were collected.SettingNavajo Nation, USA.SubjectsTwo hundred and seventy-six members of the Navajo Nation were randomly selected at food stores and other community locations.ResultsOf the sample, 76·7 % had some level of food insecurity. Less education (mean years of schooling:P= 0·0001; non-completion of higher education:P= 0·0003), lower full-time employment rates (P= 0·01), and lower material style of life (P= 0·0001), food knowledge (P= 0·001) and healthy eating self-efficacy (P< 0·0001) scores were all positively associated with food insecurity. Perceived expensiveness (P< 0·0001) and perceived inconvenience (P= 0·0001) of healthy choices were also positively associated with food insecurity.ConclusionsFood insecurity rates on the Navajo Nation are the highest reported to date in the USA and are likely attributable to the extremely high rates of poverty and unemployment. Reducing food insecurity on the Navajo Nation will require increasing the availability of affordable healthy foods, addressing poverty and unemployment, and providing nutrition programmes to increase demand.
Obesity prevalence in Mexico: impact on health and economic burden
Authors: Rtveladze Ketevan , Marsh Tim , Barquera Simon , Sanchez Romero Luz Maria , Levy David , Melendez Guillermo , Webber Laura , Kilpi Fanny , McPherson Klim , Brown Martin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveAlong with other countries having high and low-to-middle income, Mexico has experienced a substantial change in obesity rates. This rapid growth in obesity prevalence has led to high rates of obesity-related diseases and associated health-care costs.DesignMicro-simulation is used to project future BMI trends. Additionally thirteen BMI-related diseases and health-care costs are estimated. The results are simulated for three hypothetical scenarios: no BMI reduction and BMI reductions of 1 % and 5 % across the population.SettingMexican Health and Nutrition Surveys 1999 and 2000, and Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006.SubjectsMexican adults.ResultsIn 2010, 32 % of men and 26 % of women were normal weight. By 2050, the proportion of normal weight will decrease to 12 % and 9 % for males and females respectively, and more people will be obese than overweight. It is projected that by 2050 there will be 12 million cumulative incidence cases of diabetes and 8 million cumulative incidence cases of heart disease alone. For the thirteen diseases considered, costs of $US 806 million are estimated for 2010, projected to increase to $US 1·2 billion and $US 1·7 billion in 2030 and 2050 respectively. A 1 % reduction in BMI prevalence could save $US 43 million in health-care costs in 2030 and $US 85 million in 2050.ConclusionsObesity rates are leading to a large health and economic burden. The projected numbers are high and Mexico should implement strong action to tackle obesity. Results presented here will be very helpful in planning and implementing policy interventions.
Conscience and Conformity: Some Moral Dilemmas in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Haigh Christopher 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper considers how issues of conscience might be considered in seventeenth-century England. It looks at how some of the moral problems arising from the restoration of an episcopal Church of England in 1660 were debated, and focuses on the response of the clergy to the demands for conformity to the Book of Common Prayer, renunciation of the Solemn League and Covenant, and episcopal ordination. A large number of books were published on these subjects, and contemporary diaries show that ministers read these books and discussed the problems among themselves, in reaching difficult and often painful decisions.
Use of antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers in women of childbearing age with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: epidemiological survey
Authors: Barbui C. , Conti V. , Purgato M. , Cipriani A. , Fortino I. , Rivolta A. L. , Lora A. 
Published: February 2013

Aims.To determine the prevalence of women of childbearing age with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exposed to antipsychotic (AP) drugs and mood stabilizers (MS) in Lombardy, a European region of 10 million inhabitants and 1 752 285 women of childbearing age.Methods.The data concerning psychiatric care, drug treatments and pregnancy outcomes were retrieved from local administrative databases during a 12-month census period.Results.During a 12-month census period, 2893 women of childbearing age with schizophrenia (74.8% of all women of childbearing age with schizophrenia) and 918 with bipolar disorder (80.1% of all women of childbearing age with bipolar disorder) were exposed to AP drugs or MS, yielding a prevalence of exposure for women with schizophrenia of 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–1.71) per 1000 female inhabitants, and for women with bipolar disorder of 0.52 (95% CI 0.49–0.55) per 1000 female inhabitants. Persistent exposure to potentially teratogenic medications accounted for one in every 1000 women of childbearing age. Of the 57 pregnancies in women with schizophrenia, normal delivery was recorded in 23 (40%) cases; of the 26 pregnancies in women with bipolar disorder, normal delivery was recorded in 10 (38%) cases.Conclusions.In women of childbearing age with severe mental disorders, exposure to psychotropic drugs is substantial, which suggests that the issue of reproductive health is epidemiologically relevant and a major public health concern.
Interaction of NuMA protein with the kinesin Eg5: its possible role in bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome alignment
Authors: Iwakiri Yuko , Kamakura Sachiko , Hayase Junya , Sumimoto Hideki 
Published: February 2013

Bipolar spindle assembly in mitotic cells is a prerequisite to ensure correct alignment of chromosomes for their segregation to each daughter cell; spindle microtubules are tethered at plus ends to chromosomes and focused at minus ends to either of the two spindle poles. NuMA (nuclear mitotic apparatus protein) is present solely in the nucleus in interphase cells, but relocalizes during mitosis to the spindle poles to play a crucial role in spindle assembly via focusing spindle microtubules to each pole. In the present study we show that the kinesin-5 family motor Eg5 is a protein that directly interacts with NuMA, using a proteomics approach and various binding assays both in vivo and in vitro. During mitosis Eg5 appears to interact with NuMA in the vicinity of the spindle poles, whereas the interaction does not occur in interphase cells, where Eg5 is distributed throughout the cytoplasm but NuMA exclusively localizes to the nucleus. Slight, but significant, depletion of Eg5 in HeLa cells by RNA interference results in formation of less-focused spindle poles with misaligned chromosomes in metaphase; these phenotypes are similar to those induced by depletion of NuMA. Since NuMA is less accumulated at the spindle poles in Eg5-depleted cells, Eg5 probably contributes to spindle assembly via regulating NuMA localization. Furthermore, depletion of cytoplasmic dynein induces mislocalization of NuMA and phenotypes similar to those observed in NuMA-depleted cells, without affecting Eg5 localization to the spindles. Thus dynein appears to control NuMA function in conjunction with Eg5.
Self-consistent phonons revisited. II. A general and efficient method for computing free energies and vibrational spectra of molecules and clusters
Authors: Brown Sandra E. , Georgescu Ionuţ , Mandelshtam Vladimir A. 
Published: February 2013

The self-consistent phonons (SCP) method provides a consistent way to include anharmonic effects when treating a many-body quantum system at thermal equilibrium. The system is then described by an effective temperature-dependent harmonic Hamiltonian, which can be used to estimate the system's properties, such as its free energy or its vibrational spectrum. The numerical bottleneck of the method is the evaluation of Gaussian averages of the potential energy and its derivatives. Several algorithmic ideas/tricks are introduced to reduce the cost of such integration by orders of magnitude, e.g., relative to that of the previous implementation of the SCP approach by Calvo et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 133, 074303 (2010)10.1063/1.3465554]. One such algorithmic improvement is the replacement of standard Monte Carlo integration by quasi-Monte Carlo integration utilizing low-discrepancy sequences. The performance of the method is demonstrated on the calculation of vibrational frequencies of pyrene. It is then applied to compute the free energies of five isomers of water hexamer using the WHBB potential of Bowman and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 094509 (2011)10.1063/1.3554905]. The present results predict the hexamer prism being thermodynamically most stable, with the free energy of the hexamer cage being about 0.2 kcal mol−1 higher at all temperatures below T = 200 K.
Highly correlated ab initio study of the far infrared spectra of methyl acetate
Authors: Senent M. L. , Domínguez-Gómez R. , Carvajal M. , Kleiner I. 
Published: February 2013

Highly correlated ab initio calculations (CCSD(T)) are used to compute gas phase spectroscopic parameters of three isotopologues of the methyl acetate (CH3COOCH3, CD3COOCH3, and CH3COOCD3), searching to help experimental assignments and astrophysical detections. The molecule shows two conformers cis and trans separated by a barrier of 4457 cm−1. The potential energy surface presents 18 minima that intertransform through three internal rotation motions. To analyze the far infrared spectrum at low temperatures, a three-dimensional Hamiltonian is solved variationally. The two methyl torsion barriers are calculated to be 99.2 cm−1 (C–CH3) and 413.1 cm−1 (O–CH3), for the cis-conformer. The three fundamental torsional band centers of CH3COOCH3 are predicted to lie at 63.7 cm−1 (C–CH3), 136.1 cm−1 (O–CH3), and 175.8 cm−1 (C–O torsion) providing torsional state separations. For the 27 vibrational modes, anharmonic fundamentals and rovibrational parameters are provided. Computed parameters are compared with those fitted using experimental data.
Analysis of Prey Selection by Double‐Crested Cormorants: A 15‐Year Diet Study in Oneida Lake, New York
Authors: DeBruyne Robin L. , Coleman Jeremy T. H. , Jackson James R. , Rudstam Lars G. , VanDeValk Anthony J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPiscivorous birds, in particular cormorants Phalacrocorax spp., have been reported to cause declines in some fish populations in both Europe and North America, but not in others. This difference may be due to prey selection by cormorants that is further dependent on the composition of the fish assemblage present. We present 15 years of diet data collected from Oneida Lake, New York, where we have previously documented negative effects of double‐crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus on two fish populations valued by anglers: Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. The Oneida Lake fish community changed through the study period and this change was reflected in cormorant diet samples. Diet samples were variable based on season and year with Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides, Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, Lepomis spp., Logperch Percina caprodes, Walleye, and Yellow Perch having the highest overall relative importance. In years when age‐0 Gizzard Shad were abundant they dominated double‐crested cormorant diets in the fall after the shad reached a length of 45 mm. Consumption of Emerald Shiner and Gizzard Shad was positively related to each species’ abundance, but no significant correlation between availability and consumption was found for Walleye, White Perch Morone americana, or Yellow Perch. Double‐crested cormorants may be displaying prey‐switching behavior and selecting for smaller, soft‐rayed, prey species. We conclude that variation in fish recruitment influences double‐crested cormorant food selection habits and highlight the importance of continued monitoring with changing fish communities to reliably assess potential impacts of cormorants on a fish community over time.
Route Use and Survival of Juvenile Chinook Salmon through the San Joaquin River Delta
Authors: Buchanan Rebecca A. , Skalski John R. , Brandes Patricia L. , Fuller Andrea 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The survival of juvenile Chinook Salmon through the lower San Joaquin River and Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta in California was estimated using acoustic tags in the spring of 2009 and 2010. The focus was on route use and survival within two major routes through the Delta: the San Joaquin River, which skirts most of the interior Delta to the east, and the Old River, a distributary of the San Joaquin River leading to federal and state water export facilities that pump water out of the Delta. The estimated probability of using the Old River route was 0.47 in both 2009 and 2010. Survival through the southern (i.e., upstream) portion of the Delta was very low in 2009, estimated at 0.06, and there was no significant difference between the Old River and San Joaquin River routes. Estimated survival through the Southern Delta was considerably higher in 2010 (0.56), being higher in the Old River route than in the San Joaquin route. Total estimated survival through the entire Delta (estimated only in 2010) was low (0.05); again, survival was higher through the Old River. Most fish in the Old River that survived to the end of the Delta had been salvaged from the federal water export facility on the Old River and trucked around the remainder of the Delta. The very low survival estimates reported here are considerably lower than observed salmon survival through comparable reaches of other large West Coast river systems and are unlikely to be sustainable for this salmon population. More research into mortality factors in the Delta and new management actions will be necessary to recover this population.
Received March 28, 2012; accepted September 5, 2012
A Probabilistic Model for Assessing Passage Performance of Coastal Cutthroat Trout through Corrugated Metal Culverts
Authors: Peterson N. Phil , Simmons Ryan K. , Cardoso Tamre , Light Jeffrey T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
We conducted a series of volitional trials with wild-caught resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in a 12.2-m-long, 1.8-m-diameter culvert test facility to develop a probabilistic model for predicting rates of upstream passage over a wide range of average velocities. The results of the passage trials indicated that the percentage of fish attempting passage and the percentage of fish successfully passing decreased as the trial target average velocity increased. At our highest trial average velocity of 2.4 m/s, 31% of test fish that chose to attempt passage passed after two nights of observation. Passage performance was generally better for larger fish, but this pattern was only statistically significant for a single trial (1.9 m/s). Fish ascended through the pipe more quickly as velocity increased. At higher test velocities fish favored the left side of the pipe (looking downstream), which contained a reduced-velocity zone created by the slightly oblique orientation of culvert corrugations. Our data provide the basis for a logistic model describing the probability of passage for Coastal Cutthroat Trout through bare corrugated metal culverts with no outlet drop. Empirical studies testing fish passage, such as this one, can inform culvert assessment protocols currently in use.
Received April 9, 2012; accepted November 7, 2012
The Establishment-Level Behavior of Vacancies and Hiring
*
Authors: Davis Steven J. , Faberman R. Jason , Haltiwanger John C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper is the first to study vacancies, hires, and vacancy yields at the establishment level in the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, a large sample of US employers. To interpret the data, we develop a simple model that identifies the flow of new vacancies and the job-filling rate for vacant positions. The fill rate moves counter to aggregate employment but rises steeply with employer growth rates in the cross section. It falls with employer size, rises with worker turnover rates, and varies by a factor of four across major industry groups. We also develop evidence that the employer-level hiring technology exhibits mild increasing returns in vacancies, and that employers rely heavily on other instruments, in addition to vacancies, as they vary hires. Building from our evidence and a generalized matching function, we construct a new index of recruiting intensity (per vacancy). Recruiting intensity partly explains the recent breakdown in the standard matching function, delivers a better-fitting empirical Beveridge curve, and accounts for a large share of fluctuations in aggregate hires. Our evidence and analysis provide useful inputs for assessing, developing, and calibrating theoretical models of search, matching, and hiring in the labor market.
Metabolic Effectors Secreted by Bacterial Pathogens: Essential Facilitators of Plastid Endosymbiosis?
Authors: Ball Steven G. , Subtil Agathe , Bhattacharya Debashish , Moustafa Ahmed , Weber Andreas P.M. , Gehre Lena , Colleoni Christophe , Arias Maria-Cecilia , Cenci Ugo , Dauvillée David 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Under the endosymbiont hypothesis, over a billion years ago a heterotrophic eukaryote entered into a symbiotic relationship with a cyanobacterium (the cyanobiont). This partnership culminated in the plastid that has spread to forms as diverse as plants and diatoms. However, why primary plastid acquisition has not been repeated multiple times remains unclear. Here, we report a possible answer to this question by showing that primary plastid endosymbiosis was likely to have been primed by the secretion in the host cytosol of effector proteins from intracellular Chlamydiales pathogens. We provide evidence suggesting that the cyanobiont might have rescued its afflicted host by feeding photosynthetic carbon into a chlamydia-controlled assimilation pathway.
WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4Is Involved in Meristem Maintenance and Is Negatively Regulated by the CLE GeneFCP1in Rice
Authors: Ohmori Yoshihiro , Tanaka Wakana , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Hirano Hiro-Yuki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe shoot apical meristem is the ultimate source of the cells that constitute the entire aboveground portion of the plant body. In Arabidopsis thaliana, meristem maintenance is regulated by the negative feedback loop of WUSCHEL-CLAVATA (WUS-CLV). Although CLV-like genes, such as FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1 (FON1) and FON2, have been shown to be involved in maintenance of the reproductive meristems in rice (Oryza sativa), current understanding of meristem maintenance remains insufficient. In this article, we demonstrate that the FON2-LIKE CLE PROTEIN1 (FCP1) and FCP2 genes encoding proteins with similar CLE domains are involved in negative regulation of meristem maintenance in the vegetative phase. In addition, we found that WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX4 (WOX4) promotes the undifferentiated state of the meristem in rice and that WOX4 function is associated with cytokinin action. Consistent with similarities in the shoot apical meristem phenotypes caused by overexpression of FCP1 and downregulation of WOX4, expression of WOX4 was negatively regulated by FCP1 (FCP2). Thus, FCP1/2 and WOX4 are likely to be involved in maintenance of the vegetative meristem in rice.
ArabidopsisPhytochrome B Promotes SPA1 Nuclear Accumulation to Repress Photomorphogenesis under Far-Red Light
Authors: Zheng Xu , Wu Suowei , Zhai Huqu , Zhou Peng , Song Meifang , Su Liang , Xi Yulin , Li Zhiyong , Cai Yingfan , Meng Fanhua , Yang Li , Wang Haiyang , Yang Jianping 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhytochrome A (phyA) is the primary photoreceptor mediating deetiolation under far-red (FR) light, whereas phyB predominantly regulates light responses in red light. SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA1) forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), which is responsible for the degradation of various photomorphogenesis-promoting factors, resulting in desensitization to light signaling. However, the role of phyB in FR light signaling and the regulatory pathway from light-activated phytochromes to the COP1-SPA1 complex are largely unknown. Here, we confirm that PHYB overexpression causes an etiolation response with reduced ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) accumulation under FR light. Notably, phyB exerts its nuclear activities and promotes seedling etiolation in both the presence and absence of phyA in response to FR light. PhyB acts upstream of SPA1 and is functionally dependent on it in FR light signaling. PhyB interacts and forms a protein complex with SPA1, enhancing its nuclear accumulation under FR light. During the dark-to-FR transition, phyB is rapidly imported into the nucleus and facilitates nuclear SPA1 accumulation. These findings support the notion that phyB plays a role in repressing FR light signaling. Activity modulation of the COP1-SPA E3 complex by light-activated phytochromes is an effective and pivotal regulatory step in light signaling.