bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Cx43 with Hsc70 regulates G1/S transition through CDK inhibitor p27
Authors: Hino Hitoshi , Dai Ping , Yoshida Tatsushi , Hatakeyama Tomoya , Harada Yoshinori , Otsuji Eigo , Okuda Tsukasa , Takamatsu Tetsuro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConnexin 43 (Cx43) functions as a cell growth suppressor. We have demonstrated that Cx43 interacts with heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) for regulating cell proliferation. Hsc70 interacts with CDK inhibitor p27, which regulates the assembly and subcellular localization of cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex. However, the involvement of p27 with Cx43-mediated cell cycle suppression is still poorly understood. Here, we report that nuclear accumulation of p27 is reduced by overexpression of Cx43 and that this reduction is restored by co-overexpression with Hsc70. We found that Cx43 competes with p27 for binding to Hsc70 and as a result, decreases the level of Hsc70 in cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex, leading to prevention of the nuclear translocation of the complex and the G1/S transition. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in Cx43 up-regulation, which is most likely an emergency measure, Cx43-Hsc70 interaction regulates cell cycle G1/S progression through a novel mechanism by which Cx43-Hsc70 interaction prevents the nuclear accumulation of p27 through controlling the nuclear translocation of cyclin D1-CDK4-p27 complex.
From Crystals to Disordered Crystals: A Hidden Order-Disorder Transition
Authors: Tong Hua , Tan Peng , Xu Ning 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo distinguish between order and disorder is of fundamental importance to understanding solids. It becomes more significant with recent observations that solids with high structural order can behave like disordered solids, while properties of disordered solids can approach crystals under certain circumstance. It is then imperative to understand when and how disorder takes effect to deviate the properties of a solid from crystals and what the correct factors are to control the behaviours of solids. Here we answer these questions by reporting the finding of a hidden order-disorder transition from crystals to disordered crystals for static packings of frictionless spheres. While the geometric indicators are mostly blind to the transition, disordered crystals already exhibit properties apart from crystals. The transition approaches the close packing of hard spheres, giving rise to the singularity of the close packing point. We evidence that both the transition and properties of disordered crystals are jointly determined by the structural order and density. Near the transition, the elastic moduli and coordination number of disordered crystals show particular pressure dependence distinct from known behaviours of both crystals and jammed solids. The discovery of the transition therefore reveals some unknown aspects of solids.
IL-4 Protects the Mitochondria Against TNFα and IFNγ Induced Insult During Clearance of Infection with Citrobacter rodentium and Escherichia coli
Authors: Maiti Arpan K. , Sharba Sinan , Navabi Nazanin , Forsman Huamei , Fernandez Harvey R. , Lindén Sara K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCitrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen that serves as a model for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. C. rodentium infection reduced the quantity and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV, as well as phosphorylation capacity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP generation at day 10, 14 and 19 post infection. Cytokine mRNA quantification showed increased levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 during infection. The effects of adding these cytokines, C. rodentium and E. coli were hence elucidated using an in vitro colonic mucosa. Both infection and TNFα, individually and combined with IFNγ, decreased complex I and IV enzyme levels and mitochondrial function. However, IL-4 reversed these effects and IL-6 protected against loss of complex IV. Both in vivo and in vitro, the dysfunction appeared caused by nitric oxide-generation and was alleviated by an antioxidant targeting mitochondria. IFNγ −/− mice, containing a similar pathogen burden but higher IL-4 and IL-6, displayed no loss of any of the four complexes. Thus, the cytokine environment appears to be a more important determinant of mitochondrial function than direct actions of the pathogen. As IFNγ and TNFα levels increase during clearance of infection, the concomitant increase in IL-4 and IL-6 protects mitochondrial function.
Diverse oligomeric states of CEACAM IgV domains
Authors: Bonsor Daniel A. , Günther Sebastian , Beadenkopf Robert , Beckett Dorothy , Sundberg Eric J. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceCarcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are cell surface proteins that regulate cell adhesion and signaling in cancer, infection, and immunity through their diverse oligomeric states. Although X-ray crystal structures of CEACAM homodimers have been described, how they form heterodimers or remain monomers is poorly understood. Here we present the crystal structures of homodimeric CEACAM6, monomeric CEACAM8, and the heterodimeric CEACAM6–CEACAM8 complex. Our crystallographic and biophysical data suggest ways in which CEACAM6 and CEACAM8 regulate the biological functions of one another.
A distinct pathway for tetrahymanol synthesis in bacteria
Authors: Banta Amy B. , Wei Jeremy H. , Welander Paula V. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceSterols and sterol-like lipids have critical physiological roles in both eukaryotes and bacteria. These cyclic lipids are also well preserved in ancient rocks and can function as microbial molecular fossils. Gammacerane is one such lipid that is used as an indicator of water column stratification deep in time. However, a proper interpretation of gammacerane biosignatures requires a full understanding of the biosynthesis and taxonomic distribution of one of its potential precursors, tetrahymanol, in modern microbes. Here we establish that bacterial tetrahymanol producers are more diverse than previously thought and demonstrate that bacteria have evolved a biochemical mechanism distinct from eukaryotes for synthesizing tetrahymanol.
Genome sequence of the Asian Tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus, reveals insights into its biology, genetics, and evolution
Authors: Chen Xiao-Guang , Jiang Xuanting , Gu Jinbao , Xu Meng , Wu Yang , Deng Yuhua , Zhang Chi , Bonizzoni Mariangela , Dermauw Wannes , Vontas John , Armbruster Peter , Huang Xin , Yang Yulan , Zhang Hao , He Weiming , Peng Hongjuan , Liu Yongfeng , Wu Kun , Chen Jiahua , Lirakis Manolis , Topalis Pantelis , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Hall Andrew Brantley , Jiang Xiaofang , Thorpe Chevon , Mueller Rachel Lockridge , Sun Cheng , Waterhouse Robert Michael , Yan Guiyun , Tu Zhijian Jake , Fang Xiaodong , James Anthony A. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceAedes albopictusis a highly adaptive species that thrives worldwide in tropical and temperate zones. From its origin in Asia, it has established itself on every continent except Antarctica. This expansion, coupled with its ability to vector the epidemic human diseases dengue and Chikungunya fevers, make it a significant global public health threat. A complete genome sequence and transcriptome data were obtained for theAe. albopictusFoshan strain, a colony derived from mosquitoes from its historical origin. The large genome (1,967 Mb) comprises an abundance of repetitive DNA classes and expansions of the numbers of gene family members involved in insecticide resistance, diapause, sex determination, immunity, and olfaction. This large genome repertory and plasticity may contribute to its success as an invasive species.
Solar energy development impacts on land cover change and protected areas
Authors: Hernandez Rebecca R. , Hoffacker Madison K. , Murphy-Mariscal Michelle L. , Wu Grace C. , Allen Michael F. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceDecisions humans make about how much land to use, where, and for what end use, can inform innovation and policies directing sustainable pathways of land use for energy. Using the state of California (United States) as a model system, our study shows that the majority of utility-scale solar energy (USSE) installations are sited in natural environments, namely shrublands and scrublands, and agricultural land cover types, and near (<10 km) protected areas. “Compatible” (≤15%) USSE installations are sited in developed areas, whereas “Incompatible” installations (19%) are classified as such owing to, predominantly, lengthier distances to existing transmission. Our results suggest a dynamic landscape where land for energy, food, and conservation goals overlap and where environmental cobenefit opportunities should be explored.
Cyclic deformation leads to defect healing and strengthening of small-volume metal crystals
Authors: Wang Zhang-Jie , Li Qing-Jie , Cui Yi-Nan , Liu Zhan-Li , Ma Evan , Li Ju , Sun Jun , Zhuang Zhuo , Dao Ming , Shan Zhi-Wei , Suresh Subra 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Producing strong and defect-free materials is an important objective in developing many new materials. Thermal treatments aimed at defect elimination often lead to undesirable levels of strength and other properties. Although monotonic loading can reduce or even eliminate dislocations in submicroscale single crystals, such “mechanical healing” causes severe plastic deformation and significant shape changes. Inspired by observing an easier pullout of a partly buried object after shaking it first, we demonstrate that “cyclic healing” of the small-volume single crystals can indeed be achieved through repeated low-amplitude straining. The cyclic healing method points to versatile avenues for tailoring the defect structure and strengthening of nanoscale metal crystals without the need for thermal annealing or severe plastic deformation.
Syntactic and Prosodic Reflexes of Information Structure in Germanic
Authors: Fanselow Gisbert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter deals with syntactic and prosodic reflexes of information structure in the Germanic languages. It begins with an overview of givenness and word order variation in the TP, along with aboutness topics and the prosodic prominence of topics and foci. It then considers the postulation of a focus head in Germanic and how contrast seems to intensify the acoustic properties of topics and foci. It shows how the left edge of verb second clauses acts as a slot for placing contrastive elements in all Germanic languages, but that the position is also filled on purely formal grounds. The article also describes the conditions of information structure that decide whether an XP can go to the position preceding the finite verb/auxiliary in the verb second (V2) constructions. Finally, it discusses two types of V2 constructions: unrestricted V2 constructions and pragmatically restricted V2 constructions.
Does Inequality Harm Economic Development and Democracy?
Authors: Houle Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article examines whether economic inequality undermines economic development and democracy in the long run. After reviewing the literature on the effect of inequality on economic development and democracy, it considers three approaches that have been put forward to explain why inequality harms the economy and democracy: (1) the political economy approach, (2) the social unrest approach, and (3) the credit market imperfections approach. A complete data set on inequality is generated using three measures of inequality: the capital share data set of Ortega and Rodriguez (2006), the Gini coefficients data set of Solt (2009), and the income Gini coefficients of the “Estimated Household Income Inequality” (EHII) data set, developed by the University of Texas Inequality Project (UTIP). The article then tests the relationship between inequality and democracy using dynamic probit models.
War’s Aftermath and the Ethics of War
Authors: Fabre Cécile 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of the role and place of jus post bellum within just war theory and highlights avenues of inquiry on the aftermath of war that have been largely ignored. The author discusses recent arguments to the effect that jus ad bellum and jus in bello exhaust just war theory and that jus post bellum, far from being a key member of the family, in fact does much better as an outsider. The author claims, on the contrary, that there is ample space for jus post bellum within just war theory; in partial agreement with those arguments, however, the author agrees that a full account of the ethics of war’s aftermath must also draw on other fields of normative inquiry and fleshes out in greater details connections and disconnections between jus post bellum on the one hand and the other two jura on the other.
A Richer Jus ad Bellum
Authors: Buchanan Allen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Contemporary jus ad bellum theories are too restricted in the range of issues they explore. They typically fail to ascertain the best directly action-guiding norms leaders should follow in deciding to go to war (these may differ from elements of objective justifications), morally evaluate institutional procedures by which leaders make the decision to go to war, determine the proper division of labour between institutional procedures and directly action-guiding norms for recourse to war decisions, morally evaluate the recourse to war decisions leaders make, provide an account of the virtues of leaders relevant to their decisions to go to war, evaluate leaders’ public acts of justification for going to war, evaluate social practices regarding what counts as a legitimate type of justification for going to war, and evaluate domestic and international law regarding recourse to war. Merely determining what makes recourse to war acts right does not answer these questions.
Justice After War
Authors: Ohlin Jens David 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
After the conclusion of hostilities, whether formal armed conflict or not, parties must be held to account for their behaviour. This sentiment is almost universally shared, regardless of one’s moral or ethical framework, although the specifics of this accounting are deeply controversial and contested. In Section 2 of this brief commentary, the chapter offers a normative foundation for justice after war that appeal to the anti-impunity norm. It concludes that criminal trials, as opposed to nonpenal mechanisms, best vindicate the anti-impunity norm. In light of this conclusion, Section 3 asks how we should achieve justice after war: who should be put on trial (leaders or foot soldiers), who should prosecute them (national or international courts), which crimes they should be charged with (domestic or international crimes), which procedures should govern the trials, and how (and why) they should be punished.
Drones and Robots
Authors: Statman Daniel 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The recent development of unmanned technology—drones and robots of various types—is transforming the nature of warfare. Instead of fighting against other human beings, combatants will soon be fighting against machines. At present, these machines are operated by human beings, but they are becoming increasingly autonomous. Some people believe that, from a moral point of view, this development is worrisome, especially insofar as fully autonomous offensive systems (‘killer robots’) are concerned. I claim that the arguments that support this belief are pretty weak. Compared with the grand battles of the past, with their shockingly high toll of casualties, drone-centered campaigns seem much more humane. They also enable a better fit between moral responsibility and vulnerability to defensive action. Drones and robots may well be recorded in the annals of warfare as offering real promise for moral progress.
Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of patients with clinically suspected skin and soft tissue infections: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Alsaawi Abdulmohsen , Alrajhi Khaled , Alshehri Abdussalam , Ababtain Abdalmohsen , Alsolamy Sami 
Published: October 2015

Background
In patients presenting with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), the use of ultrasound may lead to a more accurate distinction between cellulitis and abscess compared with clinical assessment alone.

Objectives
This systematic review aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for detecting skin abscesses. In addition, it aims to assess the impact of using ultrasound on management decisions in patients with SSTI.

Methods
We searched relevant electronic databases for primary studies including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We searched conference proceedings, checked references of retrieved articles, and contacted field experts. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each full-text publication using a modified QUADAS-2 tool.

Results
Five studies (n=710) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Four studies compared the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound with clinical examination alone (n=584). Most studies reported an improvement in diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity of ultrasound ranged from 89 to 98% and the specificity ranged from 64 to 88%. However, the sensitivity of clinical assessment ranged from 75 to 90% and the specificity ranged from 55 to 83%; most of these results did not reach statistical significance. Sensitivity was further improved in cases of indeterminate clinical assessment. Two studies (n=176) examined the impact of ultrasound on management decisions. Use of ultrasound has led to significant and appropriate changes in management decisions in 16 to 39% of patients.

Conclusion
The use of ultrasound could potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and lead to improved management decisions in patients with SSTI, especially in cases of indeterminate clinical assessment. Most of our findings did not achieve statistical significance. Further research is required to confirm these findings.
Management of Postembolization Syndrome Following Hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization for Primary or Metastatic Liver Cancer
Authors: Blackburn Helen , West Sandra 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established treatment in managing liver primary neoplasms or liver metastases. Postembolization syndrome (PES) is a common adverse event defined as fever without associated sepsis, pain in the right upper quadrant, and nausea and/or vomiting.

Objective:
This integrative review aims to identify effective management strategies for PES or one of its characterizing symptoms (fever, pain, and nausea and/or vomiting).

Methods:
Searches of electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were conducted. Fifteen articles were identified for inclusion. Seven addressed all symptoms of PES, and 8 studies focused on individual symptoms of PES.

Results:
Interventions identified are intra-arterial lidocaine, oral and intravenous analgesics, steroids, wrist-ankle acupuncture, antibiotics, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Findings are explicated according to individual symptoms of PES. Intra-arterial lidocaine, steroids, and a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist are found to offer potential benefit in the management of PES symptoms.

Conclusion:
A number of interventions have shown potential benefit in the management of PES. A systemic approach using combination therapy is necessary to effectively manage characterizing symptoms. Further research is needed to determine the impact of primary disease site, TACE technique, and chemotherapeutic agent on PES.

Implications for Practice:
Oncology nurses are uniquely placed to undertake thorough patient assessment after TACE and implement early intervention to effectively manage PES.
Estimating the effect of entrepreneur education on graduates’ intention to be entrepreneurs
Authors: Mohamad Noorkartina , Lim Hock-Eam , Yusof Norhafezah , Soon Jan-Jan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– Previous studies on the effect of entrepreneur education are not comprehensive. Thus, estimating the effect of entrepreneur education is imperative. According to the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE), only 1.7 percent (as of 2013) of university graduates are self-employed, that is managing one’s own business or known as graduate entrepreneurs. Consequently, a huge gap exists between what is targeted by the government (5.5 percent by 2015) and the reality (a small number of graduate entrepreneurs). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing a graduate’s choice to be entrepreneur, particularly the effects of different entrepreneur education, either formal or informal.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 2,300 graduates from Universiti Utara Malaysia participated in this study.

Findings
– The findings showed that the majority of the respondents are consistent in terms of their intent to become entrepreneurs.

Research limitations/implications
– Due to time and resource constraints, the data are limited to only one university in Malaysia. It is suggested that future studies include more universities, especially entrepreneurial universities. Although it is believe that public universities’ undergraduates population are highly homogeneous, it is good that the findings of the present study to be further validated by future studies using larger sample that consists of varies of public universities.

Practical implications
– This paper supports government policies in terms of cultivating educated entrepreneur such as promoting the entrepreneurship education among higher institutions of education (MoE, 2007). However, there are negative relationships among higher academic achievement of graduates toward their intention to be entrepreneurs. It is indicated that high academic achievements are negatively related to becoming entrepreneurs. Thus, it is suggested that entrepreneurship education in terms of both formal and informal education be implemented into the curriculum in order to cultivate entrepreneurial intentions.

Originality/value
– There is still much more to be learned to fully understand the processes that leading to the decision to become an entrepreneur. Nevertheless, the results presented in this paper provide some understanding of the factors influencing the decision to become an entrepreneur among university students and graduates using a convenience sample. Thus, the results are exploratory and subjected to validation by future studies using more representative samples. Nevertheless, the study makes a contribution to the effort to predict and develop entrepreneurs in the country.