bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluss des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes auf das kapillare Saugen / Influence of Moisture Content on Capillary Suction
Authors: Primi P. , Wittmann F.H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Some surface treatments such as hydrophobing and realcalisation rely on capillary suction as the driving force. In this context, the critical admissible moisture content must be known. The porous structure of a series of different building materials has been characterized. The porosity and pore size distribution has been determined on 3 different types of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), on samples made of hardened cement paste with 3 different water-cement ratios, on natural sandstone and on burned brick. The sorption isotherm and at each equilibrium moisture content the remaining capillary suction has been measured on identical specimens. It can be shown that capillary suction of materials with a coarse porous structure such as sandstone or burnt brick depends slightly only on the moisture content Capillary suction of hardened cement paste with a fine porous system, in contrast, is drastically diminished with increasing moisture content and reaches negligible values near 100 % RH. Results presented in this contribution allow us to fix a critical admissible moisture content for different building materials. At the same time, building materials can be identified for which the moisture content has to be carefully controlled before surface treatment is to be applied It must be mentioned, however, that in critical cases the moisture profile must be determined up to the intended depth of the treatment instead of the surface moisture content.
Umweltverträglichkeit von Betonzusatzmitteln / Environmental Impact of Superplasticizers
Authors: Galli R. , Kiayias G. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A chemical risk assessment for the use of concrete admixtures was performed for the case of naphthalene sulfonate condensate (NS) which is a widely used supeφlastizicer. As a result of its use as a concrete admixture, NS and its degradation products in condensed naphthalene sulfonates can be emitted into the environment. In relation to other products such as detergents, the emissions of NS are classified as very low. The most important emissions of NS originate during its production and during the washing of concrete mixers when the wastewater is allowed to enter the sewers. Future emissions of naphthalene sulfonates are predicted for the case of storage/disposal of concrete waste, or the use of NS-containing concrete waste in road construction. The predicted concentrations of NS and naphthalene sulfonates in Switzerland (either on the regional or local scale) are expected to be below the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC values or "safe" concentrations).
Income Elasticity and the Gender Gap: A Challenging MDG for the MENA Countries
Authors: Emara Noha M.F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe gender equality target is still considered one of the most challenging goals for most Middle East and North African (MENA) Countries. Using panel least square with regional dummies (LSDV) for 22 MENA countries over the period 1990–2007, the study concludes that with less than 5 years for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be concluded, a significant acceleration in economic growth is required for the MENA countries to achieve the gender goal if these countries depended solely on economic growth. As a policy implication, the increase in economic growth in the MENA countries needs to be complemented with other factors boosting the achievability of the gender equality such as the government spending on education, infrastructure, and encouragement of international trade. All three factors proved to have a statistical significant and important impact on closing the gender gap.
Editorial on Future Jet Technologies
Authors: Gal-Or Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe jet engine is the prime flight controller in post-stall flight domains where conventional flight control fails, or when the engine prevents catastrophes in training, combat, loss of all airframe hydraulics (the engine retains its own hydraulics), loss of one engine, pilot errors, icing on the wings, landing gear and runway issues in takeoff and landing and in bad-whether recoveries. The scientific term for this revolutionary technology is “jet-steering”, and in engineering practice – “thrust vectoring”, or “TV”.Jet-Steering in advanced fighter aircraft designs is integrated with stealth technology. The resulting classified Thrust-Vectoring-Stealth (“TVS”) technology has generated a second jet-revolution by which all Air-&-Sea-Propulsion Science and R&D are now being reassessed.ClassifiedOne, and perhaps a key conclusion presented here, means that bothMobile telecommunication of safe links between flyers and combat drones (“UCAVs”) at increasingly deep penetrations into remote, congested areas, can gradually be purchased-developed-deployed and then operated by extant cader of tens of thousandsWe also provide 26 references [17–43] to a different, unclassified technology that enhances TV-inducedExpected benefits include anti-terror recoveries from emergencies, like forced landing on unprepared runways or highways, or recoveries from all airframe-hydraulics-outs, asymmetric ice on wings, landing gear catastrophes, and recoveries from pilot errors and bad-whether incidents [Rule 9(7)].
Evidence of Natural Selection Acting on a Polymorphic Hybrid Incompatibility Locus in Mimulus
Authors: Sweigart Andrea L , Flagel Lex E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
As a common cause of reproductive isolation in diverse taxa, hybrid incompatibilities are fundamentally important to speciation. A key question is which evolutionary forces drive the initial substitutions within species that lead to hybrid dysfunction. Previously, we discovered a simple genetic incompatibility that causes nearly complete male sterility and partial female sterility in hybrids between the two closely related yellow monkeyflower species Mimulus guttatus and M. nasutus. In this report, we fine map the two major incompatibility loci—hybrid male sterility 1 (hms1) and hybrid male sterility 2 (hms2)—to small nuclear genomic regions (each &lt;70 kb) that include strong candidate genes. With this improved genetic resolution, we also investigate the evolutionary dynamics of hms1 in a natural population of M. guttatus known to be polymorphic at this locus. Using classical genetic crosses and population genomics, we show that a 320-kb region containing the hms1 incompatibility allele has risen to intermediate frequency in this population by strong natural selection. This finding provides direct evidence that natural selection within plant species can lead to hybrid dysfunction between species.
Evaluation der Herzratenvariabilität als Narkosetiefenmonitoring beim Hund
Authors: Beyerbach M. , Voigt A. M. , Kästner S. B. R. , Bergfeld C. 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungZielstellung: Evaluation der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) als Indikator für autonome Aktivität für das Narkosetiefenmonitoring beim Hund während drei verschiedenen total intravenösen Anästhesieprotokollen, drei Narkosetiefen sowie vor und nach elektrischer nozizeptiver Stimulation. Material und Methoden: Die der randomisierten, experimentellen Studie mit komplettem Cross-over-Design zugrunde liegenden Daten wurden an sieben Beaglen (14,3 ± 1,7 kg) erhoben. Jeder Hund durchlief drei Anästhesieprotokolle: Propofol allein (Gruppe P) sowie Propofol in Kombination mit Dexmedetomidin (3 µg/kg/h, Gruppe PD) oder Remifentanil (18 µg/kg/h, Gruppe PR). Propofol wurde als “Target Controlled Infusion” (TCI) verabreicht. Drei Narkosetiefen (flach, mittel, tief) wurden über Propofol-Zielkonzentrationen im Blut definiert und tierindividuell angepasst (durchschnittlich 7, 9 und 11 µg/ml in Gruppe P bzw. 3, 5 und 7 µg/ml in Gruppe PD und PR). Während jeder Narkosetiefe wurde ein standardisierter nozizeptiver Reiz in Form supramaximaler elektrischer Stimulation (50 Hz, 50 V, 10 ms) medial am rechten Unterarm gesetzt. Das Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) wurde kontinuierlich bipolar abgeleitet und aufgezeichnet. In die statistische Auswertung gingen für jede Narkosetiefe die aus den EKG-Daten ermittelten RRIntervalle genau 2 Minuten vor und nach jeder Reizgabe ein. Mittels eines Analyseprogramms (Kubios HRV) für die HRV wurden neben den frequenzabhängigen HRV-Parametern Low Frequency (LF) und High Frequency (HF) die zeitabhängigen HRV-Parameter Standardabweichung des Mittelwerts der RR-Intervalle (SDNN) und die Quadratwurzel des Mittelwerts der Summe der quadrierten Differenzen zwischen aufeinander folgenden RR-Intervallen (RMSSD) ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Weder die RR-Intervalle noch die aus den RR-Intervallen abgeleiteten HRV-Parameter ermöglichten eine Differenzierung zwischen den über die Propofol-Zielkonzentrationen definierten Narkosetiefen, was gegen ihre Verwendbarkeit als klinisches Narkosetiefenmonitoring spricht. Nozizeption ließ sich allein durch die RR-Intervalle abbilden. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt zeigten sich die untersuchten HRVParameter für die Narkosetiefenbestimmung als wenig gewinnbringend.
Antibacterial, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity of plants against Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Sharma Richa , Lall Namrita 
Published: November 2014

The use of plants to treat skin ailments has strong support in the current trend of drug discovery. Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic pathogen, plays an important role in the occurrence of acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities against P. acnes and cytotoxic effects of 48 medicinal plants grown in South Africa. The broth dilution and DPPH radical scavenging methods were used to determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined on mouse melanocytes (B16-F10). The ethanolic bark extract of Acacia galpinii Burtt Davy. (Leguminosae) exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 μg/mL. Excellent antioxidant activity was shown by Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren (Leguminosae), Combretum apiculatum Sond. (Combretaceae), Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. ex Krauss (Anacardiaceae) and Sclerocarya birrea Hochst. (Anacardiaceae), with 50% radical scavenging activity (EC50) at concentrations ranging from 1.6 μg/mL to 3.5 μg/mL. Greyia sutherlandii Hook. & Harv. (Greyiaceae) also exhibited good antioxidant activity with an EC50 value of 7.9±0.23 μg/mL. A. linearis, G. sutherlandii and S. birrea showed low toxicity with 50% viability of cells (EC50) at concentrations of 125.09±0.71 μg/mL, 107.85±1.53 μg/mL and 92.07±0.09 μg/mL, respectively. The extracts of A. linearis, G. sutherlandii and S. birrea showed good antibacterial and antioxidant activities and low toxicity. Therefore, these plants can be considered as possible anti-acne agents and warrant further investigation.
Early planting and hand sorting effectively controls seed-borne fungi in farm-retained bean seed
Authors: Dube Ernest , Sibiya Julia , Fanadzo Morris 
Published: November 2014

Home-saved bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed can be hand-sorted to remove discoloured seed, thereby reducing the level of contamination by certain seed-borne fungi and improving seed germination. In this study, the effect of planting date on the infection and discolouration of bean seed by seed-borne fungi was investigated in order to improve the quality of hand-sorted, farm-retained bean seeds used by resource poor smallholder farmers. The germination quality and level of seed-borne fungi in hand-sorted first-generation bean seed harvested from an early-, mid- and late-summer season planted crop was therefore assessed. The highest percentage of discoloured seed (68%) was obtained from the mid-summer season planting. Non-discoloured seed from early- and late-season plantings had significantly (p<0.001) higher normal germination (82% and 77%, respectively) than that from the mid-season planting date (58%). Irrespective of planting date, unsorted seed and discoloured seed had higher levels of infection by Fusarium spp. and Phaeoisariopsis spp. than the non-discoloured seed. Removal of discoloured seed by hand sorting eliminated Rhizoctonia spp. from all seed lots. Farmers can eliminate this pathogen by simply removing discoloured seed. Non-discoloured seed from the early-planted crop had the lowest level of infection by Fusarium spp. and Phaeoisariopsis spp. The results indicate that planting date is an important consideration in improving the quality of hand-sorted farm-retained bean seed.
Microbial counts of food contact surfaces at schools depending on a feeding scheme
Authors: Nhlapo Nthabiseng , Lues Ryk J.F. , Groenewald Willem H. 
Published: November 2014

The prominence of disease transmission between individuals in confined environments is a concern, particularly in the educational environment. With respect to school feeding schemes, food contact surfaces have been shown to be potential vehicles of foodborne pathogens. The aim of this study was to assess the cleanliness of the surfaces that come into contact with food that is provided to children through the National School Nutrition Programme in central South Africa. In each school under study, microbiological samples were collected from the preparation surface and the dominant hand and apron of the food handler. The samples were analysed for total viable counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts and moulds. The criteria specified in the British Columbia Guide for Environmental Health Officers were used to evaluate the results. Total viable counts were high for all surfaces, with the majority of colonies being too numerous to count (over 100 colonies per plate). Counts of organisms were relatively low, with 20% of the surfaces producing unsatisfactory enumeration of S. aureus and E. coli and 30% unsatisfactory for coliforms. Yeast and mould produced 50% and 60% unsatisfactory counts from preparation surfaces and aprons, respectively. Statistically significant differences could not be established amongst microbial counts of the surfaces, which suggests cross-contamination may have occurred. Contamination may be attributed to foodstuffs and animals in the vicinity of the preparation area rather than to the food handlers, because hands had the lowest counts of enumerated organisms amongst the analysed surfaces.
Periodontitis and Glycemic Control in Diabetes: NHANES 2009 to 2012
Authors: Garcia Dina , Tarima Sergey , Okunseri Christopher 
Published: November 2014

Background: This study examines the association between periodontitis, diabetes (DM), and glycemic control.Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. Periodontitis status of each participant was assessed using the full‐mouth periodontal examination protocol, classified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology surveillance case definition for total periodontitis. Self‐reported DM status was defined as yes or no. Glycemic control was assessed using glycohemoglobin data at cutoff points of 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, and 9.0%. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed, and all analyses were adjusted for the survey design.Results: Overall, 7,042 adults ≥30 years old with complete data were included in the study. The mean glycohemoglobin levels for individuals with and without periodontitis were 5.9% and 5.6%, respectively, and increased to 7.4% and 7.0% for participants with DM. The majority of participants with and without periodontitis were aged 50 to 64 and 35 to 49 years (37.4% versus 44.5%), respectively. In the bivariate analysis, several demographic factors were significantly associated with having periodontitis, including self‐reported DM status and glycemic control. In the multivariate analysis, demographic factors, glycohemoglobin cutoff values of 8.0%, 8.5%, and 9.0%, and mean glycohemoglobin level remained significant, but self‐reported DM status was not.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that glycohemoglobin and demographic factors are significantly associated with periodontitis, but not self‐reported status.
Obstetric Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Concerning Periodontal Diseases and Treatment Needs in Pregnancy: Influencing Factors in France
Authors: Cohen Laura , Schaeffer Mickaël , Davideau Jean‐Luc , Tenenbaum Henri , Huck Olivier 
Published: November 2014

Background: Many studies have shown that periodontal diseases are risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and clinical attitude of French obstetricians and/or gynecologists regarding periodontal diseases.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed on randomly selected French obstetricians and/or gynecologists using a self‐administered, structured questionnaire during an annual French professional congress.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 190 French obstetricians and/or gynecologists. Among respondents, 88% were aware of the inflammatory and infectious nature of periodontal diseases. Furthermore, 74.7% of respondents were conscious of its negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. Few obstetricians and/or gynecologists (26.3%) interviewed patients about oral health. Information on oral health was systematically provided to patients by 10.5% of the practitioners. However, 55.6% addressed this issue if they considered the patient at risk for pregnancy. Only 33.2% of practitioners systematically referred the patient to a dentist. Periodontal disease knowledge and consideration levels increased in more experienced practitioners with a private practice and a personal history of periodontal disease.Conclusions: Periodontal knowledge of the French obstetricians and/or gynecologists surveyed seemed satisfyingly apparent and influenced by levels of professional experience and personal history. However, clinical behavior did not adequately correlate with this knowledge.
An Explorative Study to Develop a Predictive Model Based on Avascular Exposed Root Surface Area for Root Coverage After a Laterally Positioned Flap
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Haytac M. Cenk 
Published: November 2014

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the avascular exposed root surface area (AERSA) as a prognostic test for gingival recessions (GRs) and to compare the predictive value of the avascular root surface area calculation and Miller classification on the final root‐coverage outcomes.Methods: Ninety‐one patients with 91 isolated single GRs (32 Miller Class I, 29 Miller Class II, and 30 Miller Class III defects) located at the upper and lower incisors and canines were treated with a laterally positioned flap. Clinical parameters were recorded and correlated with the achievement of complete root coverage (CRC) after 6 months.Results: From all clinical parameters used, AERSA showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting CRC. Receiver operating characteristic curves analyses revealed three acceptable cutoff points based on baseline AERSA for achieving CRC with higher sensitivity and specificity values compared to GR depth, GR width, and gingival thickness. Both univariate and multiple linear regression analyses reported that the models could explain the 86% of the mean root coverage with AERSA.Conclusions: This prospective longitudinal study indicates that AERSA may be used to classify GR defects. The newly developed prognostic model may be used to predict the final root coverage outcomes.
Arthroscopy-Assisted Fixation of an Intra-Articular Medial Femoral Condyle (Hoffa) Fracture of the Knee
Authors: Say Ferhat , Kuyubaşı Numan 
Published: November 2014

Case:
A thirty-one-year-old woman was diagnosed with a minimally displaced medial femoral condyle (Hoffa) fracture. Reduction and retrograde percutaneous screw fixation were performed under arthroscopic visualization. At three months postoperatively, she was able to walk without support, had no pain, and had full range of movement of the knee.

Conclusion:
In Hoffa fractures, arthroscopy-assisted fixation is an option for treatment. It is advantageous because it allows the ability to evaluate other intra-articular structures, decreases blood loss, shortens surgical time, decreases soft-tissue dissection, and facilitates a shorter postoperative rehabilitation period.
Rapid-Onset Diffuse Skeletal Fluorosis from Inhalant Abuse
Authors: Cohen Eric , Hsu Raymond Y. , Evangelista Peter , Aaron Roy , Rubin Lee E. 
Published: November 2014

Case:
A thirty-year-old man presented with severely debilitating left hip pain and stiffness. Radiographs demonstrated diffuse osteosclerosis and heterotopic bone formation with near ankylosis of the left hip. The patient underwent successful joint-preserving surgery to restore hip range of motion. After disclosing a history of inhalant abuse, which was confirmed by elevated serum fluoride levels, he was diagnosed with diffuse skeletal fluorosis.

Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, we present the first reported case of diffuse skeletal fluorosis caused by inhalant abuse of 1,1-difluoroethane. Skeletal fluorosis is uncommon in the United States but is important to consider in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with otherwise unexplained joint pain and osteosclerosis.
Early Postoperative Intratunnel Migration of an EndoButton After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Akaoka Yusuke , Tensho Keiji , Shimodaira Hiroki , Aoki Tetsuhiro , Takanashi Seiji , Kato Hiroyuki , Saito Naoto 
Published: November 2014

Case:
We report a rare case of early postoperative migration of an EndoButton following anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use of the EndoButton for femoral fixation. Although secure fixation of the EndoButton was confirmed during the operation, one-week postoperative radiographs revealed an intratunnel displacement of the posterolateral EndoButton. We performed a reoperation and refixed the EndoButton to the surface of the femoral cortex; we also hooked and tied both ends of the sutures to make a knot in order to prevent remigration.

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware that EndoButton displacement and migration could arise at an early postoperative stage.
The Transnationality of Dutch Solidarity with the Polish Opposition 1980-1989
Authors: Miedema Christie 
Published: November 2014

The Transnationality of Dutch Solidarity with the Polish Opposition 1980-1989
This article examines Dutch solidarity with the Polish independent trade union Solidarność on the basis of three social movements : the trade unions, the peace movement, and Polish Solidarność exiles in the Netherlands. The major Dutch trade unions fnv and cnv were in touch with and in support of Solidarność much earlier and more explicitly than the peace movement ikv. The latter sided with the Polish opposition only after the proclamation of martial law and found an equal partner only after the foundation of the Polish peace movement Freedom and Peace in 1985. However, while approaching Eastern Europe, peace movements – just as exiles – had many more contacts with other Western European activists. By contrast, the trade unions’ transnational scope was limited to a bilateral collaboration with Poland.