bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Methotrexate Management in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study in Women's Hospital in Qatar
Authors: Gasim M , Diai Mohamed , Taha Mohammed , Alsaadi Mona , Chandra Prem , Mohamed Afif , Bayo Arabo I 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
Ectopic pregnancy case fatalities have decreased dramatically, although incidence has remained steady over years. Advancement in early diagnosis methods and introduction of methotrexate (MTX) in the management has led to such improvement. Different protocols, such as single, two dose and multiple doses of MTX has been indorsed by the American congress of obstetrics and gynecology. Here at Women's Hospital in Qatar we use single dose protocol. However, there no previous report on the outcome of MTX in term success rate in Qatar.

Methods
A retrospective study on patients diagnosed with tubal ectopic pregnancy between Jan 2008 and Dec 2010 were conducted. Institutional review board of Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar, approved this study. Statistical analysis were done using SPSS Inc. Ver 20, Chicago, IL.

Results
Two hundred and forty-eight file met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, but only 196 completed their followup until beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (â-hCG) less than 15 IU/L. Methotrexate prescribing has increased three times over the study period. The success rate for MTX was 89% and it was positively correlated with lower initial β-hCG levels. However, six out six patients with in β-hCG levels more than 10,000 IU/L were successfully treated with MTX.

Conclusion
Methotrexate is effective method of treatment in stable patients. Further studies are required to investigate role of MTX in patients with high β-hCG levels (> 10,000 IU/L).

How to cite this article
Gasim M, Diai M, Taha M, Alsaadi M, Chandra P, Mohamed A, Bayo AI, Ahmed B. Outcome of Methotrexate Management in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study in Women's Hospital in Qatar. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):118-122.
Uterine Malformations: Diagnosis with 3D/4D Ultrasound
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Martin Noemi , Pepa Esquembre Mari , Carlos Castillo Juan , Francisco Raga , Eduardo Machado Luiz 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe development of the female genital system is a complex embryological process. Congenital malformations of the female genital tract may occur isolated or in combination with urologic defects. The aim of this review is to describe novel ultrasonographic advances to improve diagnostic accuracy of Müllerian malformations and to facilitate decisions about treatment and prognosis.How to cite this articleBonilla-Musoles F, Martin N, Esquembre MP, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Machado L. Uterine Malformations: Diagnosis with 3D/4D Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):123-148.
Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Andonotopo Wiku , Kasar Prachi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
The etiology of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is diverse and management depends on identifying the cause and tailoring treatment appropriately. The major causes of PPH are uterine atony, endometritis, retained placental tissue, placental abnormalities, i.e. placenta accreta, increta and percreta, subinvolution of the placental implantation site, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), lower genital tract trauma, uterine abnormalities, bleeding disorders, coagulopathies and use of anticoagulants. Use of imaging modalities (i.e. ultrasound scanning and color and pulsed Doppler) at an early stage in the search for the etiology of PPH helps to decrease morbidity and mortality.
This article reviews the differential diagnoses for bleeding in the postpartum period and assesses the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. By using illustrative images, the reader will be able to correlate findings on B-mode, color Doppler and 3D ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of postpartum bleeding. It is important to be aware of the appearance of normal postpartum uterus to avoid misdiagnosis.

How to cite this article
Kasar P, Andonotopo W, Kupesic Plavsic S. Ultrasound Imaging of Postpartum Hemorrhage. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):175-187.
Community-based Oral Health Education Program in a Rural Population of Haryana: A 25 years Experience
Authors: Tewari Amrit , Gauba Krishan , Goyal Ashima , Mohanty Utkal 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
An Indian Council of medical Research (ICMR) task force project was started in 1985 covering a population of 120,000 of Raipur Rani block of Haryana to study the feasibility of implementation of oral health promotion and prevention in the community and in the schools by utilizing existing manpower at different sectors.

Objectives
(i) To evaluate the long-term role of healthcare workers in imparting primary preventive strategies of oral health to adult community (ii) To study the knowledge, attitude and practice of the community regarding oral health.

Methodology
A total of 600 households (300 in experimental block and 300 in control block) were included by stratified random sampling method depending on the distance from Community Health centre of Raipur Rani to assess KAP and Caries activity among the population.

Results
The use of toothbrush as an oral hygiene method is being practiced by 96.6% of population in the experimental area compared to 84% in the control population where no oral health promotion activity was carried out. A great variation was seen in the frequency of its usage; 56% of the population in experimental area brushes twice per day compared to 7% of control area. According to the present data, 80% of the population in the experimental area is aware about the etiology, progress and consequences of gum diseases due to continuous oral health education delivered by the trained health staff during their routine beat program. In the control area where no oral health program was implemented, this knowledge was seen in 22 to 35% of the population.

Conclusion
In a developing country like India there is a pressing need of community-based oral health programs to reduce the burden of oral diseases, improve quality of life and reduce out of pocket expenditure incurring toward treatment of these diseases.

How to cite this article
Goyal A, Gauba K, Mohanty U, Tewari A. Community-based Oral Health Education Program in a Rural Population of Haryana: A 25 years Experience. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(3):101-104.
Current Scenario of Dentistry and Role of Dental Institutions in Providing Education and Care in India
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Prithviraj DR , Muley Ninad 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
India is the largest democracy and the second most populated country in the world. Because of this, Indian healthcare industry is experiencing quick transformation owing to the increasing demand for quality healthcare. This huge market of dental industry in India has also made a remarkable impact on the dental education.

Search strategy
PubMed (using medical subject headings) database was searched in the English language by using the following combinations of keywords: dental education, dental colleges, dentist: population ratio, dental council of India. Other articles were identified from the reference lists of the articles. The data from the identified studies were collected and reviewed.

Discussion
Through this article admission procedure, fees structure, dental curriculum, work culture and pay scale of dental institutes has been discussed. Existing dental taskforce and dentist population ratio of India has been discussed. Measures to be taken to improve the scenario of oral healthcare for the Indian population have been enlightened.

How to cite this article
Gupta V, Prithviraj DR, Muley N. Current Scenario of Dentistry and Role of Dental Institutions in Providing Education and Care in India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(3):111-114.
Low Xylitol Concentration induces Ultrastructural Cellular Changes in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Pereira Agnes de Fátima Faustino , Silva Thiago Cruvinel da , Machado Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol frequently used in the prevention of dental caries. However, the mechanism of action of xylitol on mutans streptococci is still unclear. This study evaluated the ultrastructural cellular changes in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus after xylitol treatment.

Materials and methods
S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC 33478 were grown separately in BHI medium plus 0.2% sucrose at 37°C under microaerophilic conditions overnight. Then, planktonic cells were harvested by centrifugation, resuspended in a fresh medium and incubated with either 0.2% glucose or 0.2% xylitol solutions for 2 hours. To prepare bacterial cells for the evaluation of morphology of cellular walls and polysaccharide capsules, cultures were subsequently fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, stained with ruthenium red, post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone, embedded in Epon LX112 and analyzed by a transmission electron microscopy.

Results
Bacterial cells incubated with glucose showed welldefined cellular walls and well-stained cytoplasmic membrane. Unlike, xylitol yielded diffuse cellular wall and irregular polysaccharide capsules in both microorganisms.

Conclusion
Low xylitol concentrations also can induce cellular damage to both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Further studies are needed to provide more evidence on the anticariogenic effect of xylitol.

How to cite this article
Pereira AFF, Silva TC, Machado MAAM, Buzalaf MAR. Low Xylitol Concentration induces Ultrastructural Cellular Changes in Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):1-3.
Cytotoxic Effects of Three Denture Base Materials on Gingival Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study
Authors: Wicks Russell , Babu Jegdish , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Tipton David 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesModern polyamide ‘flexible’ denture base materials have increased in popularity for use in removable partial dentures. The introduction of these new products warrants investigation of their relative potential for toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate three contemporary denture base materials used in fabricating definitive prosthetic restorationsMaterials and methodsTwo ‘flexible’ materials (Valplast™ and Duraflex™) formed by thermoplastic injection molding technique, and one traditional heat processed, methyl methacrylate resin material (Lucitone 199) were evaluated. Cultured gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts were treated with conditioned media prepared from denture material disks and then assayed for cell toxicity by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) cell viability assay. Cell membrane damage was determined by measuring the release of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Further confirmation of toxicity induced by the conditioned media was determined by staining the cells with live/dead stain and observing under a UV microscope.ResultsData were analyzed by means of a linear model ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc tests for comparison among groups. The significance level adopted was 5% (p < 0.05). The three denture materials differed in their toxicity to the cells as assessed by MTT assay. Valplast conditioned media in general, especially the media of unpolished disks, was found to be toxic to both gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells while media obtained from polished Lucitone and Duraflex were found to be less toxic. After 7 days of incubation with Valplast unpolished conditioned media, only 1 to 2% of the cells remained viable, while the polished disk conditioned media caused significantly less (p < 0.05) toxicity, approximately 76 and 92% of fibroblasts and epithelial cells respectively, were viable. After 7 days of incubation with media obtained from the other denture materials, 35 to 92% of fibroblasts and epithelial cells were found to be viable. The data obtained from lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and live/dead mammalian cell viability assay were in agreement with the MTT viability assay.ConclusionConditioned media from unpolished Valplast denture material appeared to be significantly more toxic to gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells when compared to the polished Lucitone disk conditioned media as well as the media obtained from Duraflex.How to cite this articleAhuja S, Babu J, Wicks R, Garcia- Godoy F, Tipton D. Cytotoxic Effects of Three Denture Base Materials on Gingival Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):11-16.
Evaluation of Effects of Different Immunosuppressant Agents on Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Bagis Nilsun , Bekit Ahu , Arpak Nejat 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different immunosuppressant agents on gingival overgrowth.

Materials and methods
About 60 patients medicated with cyclosporin A (CsA) and 40 patients with tacrolimus (TcR) were recruited in the study. Periodontal examination (PI, GI, PBI, PPD, GO) was carried out only for maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Pharmacologic variables, such as daily dosage of immunosuppressant agents, TcR/CsA whole blood level were recorded.

Results
In the group medicated with CsA, 10 patients had clinically significant GO, while none of the patients medicated with Tac had clinically significant GO. Significant differences were observed for periodontal parameters (PI, GI, PBI, PPD), post-transplant period, percentage of GO. In CsA group, significant difference was detected for periodontal parameters, percentage of GO and daily glucocorticoid dosage between responders and nonresponders.

Conclusion
The results from our study show that GO does not occur in patients medicated with TcR, although TcR shares same mechanism with CsA.

How to cite this article
Bekit A, Bagis N, Arpak N. Evaluation of Effects of Different Immunosuppressant Agents on Gingival Overgrowth. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):17-22.
Degradation of the Strength of Elastomeric Chains subjected to Different Levels of Salivary pH associated with Exposure to Mouthrinses with and without Fluoride
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Andrade Camilla , Santos Amir Felipe 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the degradation of strength of elastomeric chains submitted to different levels of salivary pH and exposed to mouthrinses with and without fluoride.

Materials and methods
Seven groups of chain elastics (n = 18) mounted on test devices that remained immersed in artificial saliva were tested. Group 1 (pH 5 and without fluoride), 2 (pH 5 and with fluoride), 3 (pH 6 and without fluoride), 4 (pH 6 and with fluoride), 5 (pH 7.5 and without fluoride) and 6 (pH 7.5 and with fluoride) and 7 (control group). The test groups were exposed to mouthrinses twice a day for 30 seconds, with an interval of 12 hours between one exposure and the other. A control group was immersed in distilled water. The strength of samples was gauged with a dynamometer. Six measurements of strength were made in the following time intervals: initial (0), 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The force values were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test to determine whether there were statistical differences between each group. The level of significance adopted was 5% (α = 0.05).

Results
When the groups were evaluated individually, comparing the factor time in the initial period, the force was statistically higher than that in all the other experimental time intervals (p < 0.05). From the 7th day up to day 28, no statistical differences were found among the groups (p > 0.05). The factors pH and the presence of mouthwash with or without fluoride did not interfere in the results among the groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The presence or absence of fluoride in the mouthrinses used in the study made no difference to the force degradation of the chain elastics, as the test groups obtained similar results among them in the studied time intervals.

How to cite this article
Pithon MM, Andrade C, Santos AF, Campos M, Saini R. Degradation of the Strength of Elastomeric Chains subjected to Different Levels of Salivary pH associated with Exposure to Mouthrinses with and without Fluoride. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):23-28.
Fibrin Sealant: A Review of Its Applications in Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Pulikkotil Shaju , Nath Sonia 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
Fibrin sealant is a biological tissue adhesive mimicking the final stage of coagulation. It has a wide variety of application in the field of periodontics. The aim of this article was to review current applications and identify potential use of fibrin sealant in periodontal surgical procedures on an evidence-based conclusion.

Materials and methods
An online search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases using keywords fibrin sealant, fibrin glue, fibrin, regeneration, wound healing, tissue adhesive, gingival recession/therapy, surgical therapy, periodontal, and periodontitis in a mutually inclusive manner. The studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers for inclusion in this literature review.

Results
Out of 196 research papers identified, 59 articles were selected by the authors for this literature review, giving preference to clinical trials related to periodontal application.

Conclusion
Use of fibrin sealant is a simple, safe, costeffective, and rapid way to fix flaps and grafts avoiding any postoperative bleeding. Fibrin sealant has the property for regeneration when used in conjunction with a barrier membrane for formation of new connective tissue attachment. It is effective in microsurgical procedures and closing flaps around implant site. They initiate early wound healing through collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation. Fibrin sealant may be an alternate biomaterial for periodontal surgery which may stimulate periodontal wound healing and regeneration.

How to cite this article
Jacob S, Nath S. Fibrin Sealant: A Review of Its Applications in Periodontal Surgery. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):40-46.
Dynamics of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Oral Environment
Authors: Tandelilin Regina TC 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important family of zincdependent endopeptidases that mediate the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The major component of the extracellular matrix, collagen, is catabolized. These enzymes have been implicated in oral pathologic processes, such as periodontal tissue destruction, root caries, tumor invasion, and temporomandibular joint disorders. The aim of this paper was to review of some general aspects of matrix metalloproteinases and discuss the role of these enzymes in normal physiology and pathology with emphasis on the oral environment. This process is important in a number of aspects of dentistry since matrix is constantly turning over. Although the members of the MMP family matrix possess different substrate specificities, they all possess similar structural and functional features and demonstrate similar mechanisms of proteolysis. The catalytic of the MMPs is regulated at multiple levels including transcription, secretion, activation and inhibition. The growth and repair of connective tissues is a delicately balanced process of ECM removal and replacement with significant control by primary MMPs and their natural inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Dentists have a need to understand matrix turnover in the periodontal ligament and adjacent structures, embryology and development.How to cite this articleTandelilin RTC, Saini R. Dynamics of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Oral Environment. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(1):53-57.
Horror in mainstream en cult cinema: is het genre extremer geworden?
Authors: Pashley Veerle 
Published: September 2015

Horror in mainstream and cult cinema: did the genre become more extreme?
Ever since the creation of silent movies, directors aim to shock the audience with explicit scenes of violence. Yet, little attention has been given to the evolution of horror movies. In order to create ‘monsters’, ‘dark locations’ and ‘explicit scenes of violence’ directors have to experiment with storylines and new techniques, if they want to shock the audience. The aim of this paper is to examine whether or not horror has become more violent (more extreme) throughout film history. Hence, we will discuss the historic evolution of horror movies in mainstream cinema (films that reached a large audience) and cult cinema (films which have a select, mostly fan based, audience).
John Braithwaite
Authors: Walgrave Lode 
Published: September 2015

John Braithwaite
In this interview, Lode Walgrave talks to John Braithwaite, one of the most cited white collar crime scholars and best known for his ‘reintegrative shaming’, which added the crucial moral-emotional and ethical dimensions to the body of work on crime and crime control. John Braithwaite tells about his major publications and developments in his intellectual endeavour: the role of shaming and its importance in restorative justice, dominion, responsive regulation, and also his recent project on peacebuilding. Braithwaite’s career and political involvement are discussed throughout the interview, as well as his critical view with regards to the fragmentation of social sciences (including criminology).
On magnetic estimation of Earth's core angular momentum variation
Authors: Asari S. , Wardinski I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe study systematically the estimation of Earth's core angular momentum (CAM) variation between 1962.0 and 2008.0 by using core surface flow models derived from the recent geomagnetic field model C3FM2. Various flow models are derived by changing four parameters that control the least squares flow inversion. The parameters include the spherical harmonic (SH) truncation degree of the flow models and two Lagrange multipliers that control the weights of two additional constraints. The first constraint forces the energy spectrum of the flow solution to follow a power law
, where l is the SH degree and p is the fourth parameter. The second allows to modulate the solution continuously between the dynamical states of tangential geostrophy (TG) and tangential magnetostrophy (TM). The calculated CAM variations are examined in reference to two features of the observed length‐of‐day (LOD) variation, namely, its secular trend and 6 year oscillation. We find flow models in either TG or TM state for which the estimated CAM trends agree with the LOD trend. It is necessary for TM models to have their flows dominate at planetary scales, whereas TG models should not be of this scale; otherwise, their CAM trends are too steep. These two distinct types of flow model appear to correspond to the separate regimes of previous numerical dynamos that are thought to be applicable to the Earth's core. The phase of the subdecadal CAM variation is coherently determined from flow models obtained with extensively varying inversion settings. Multiple sources of model ambiguity need to be allowed for in discussing whether these phase estimates properly represent that of Earth's CAM as an origin of the observed 6 year LOD oscillation.