bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Pen Misuse by Patient; Diluent Vial Looks like Drug Vial; Full Content cannot be Withdrawn from Istodax Vial; Patients May Fail to Remove Used Fentanyl Patches
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: December 2012

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Efficacy of Gabapentin for Treatment of Adults with Phantom Limb Pain
Authors: Abbass Kim 
Published: December 2012

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of gabapentin in adults with phantom limb pain. Data Sources: A PubMed search (1966-September 2012) was conducted using the key words phantom limb pain and gabapentin. Search limits were English language, humans, adult, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trial. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Randomized controlled trials that studied the effectiveness of gabapentin in adults with phantom limb pain were identified and selected. Primary outcomes were associated with pain. Pediatric population studies were excluded. Data Synthesis: Three studies, with a total of 89 patients, were reviewed. All studies employed a pain rating scale to determine the primary outcome. Results varied. One crossover study reported a significant difference in pain intensity at 6 weeks compared with baseline (p < 0.01) and compared with placebo (p = 0.03). Another crossover study did not find a significant difference for the primary outcome of pain intensity, but did report a significant decrease in a secondary outcome measure related to pain. The third study displayed a decreased use of rescue pain medications by patients in the gabapentin treatment group. Heterogeneity of the study designs precludes a direct comparison of the results. Several confounding factors that may affect the interpretation of these results include the use of rescue pain medication, small sample size, short-term treatment, and different pain scales. Conclusions: Given the results of these trials, oral gabapentin in patients aged 18 years or older may decrease phantom limb pain. A strong recommendation for the effectiveness of gabapentin in phantom limb pain cannot be ascertained until more methodologically sound studies are executed in this population.
Dabigatran Effects on the International Normalized Ratio, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Thrombin Time, and Fibrinogen: A Multicenter, In Vitro Study
Authors: Dager William E , Gosselin Robert C , Kitchen Steve , Dwyre Dennis 
Published: December 2012

Background: Patients receiving the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran may have selected anticoagulation assays performed as part of routine care. The effect of dabigatran on the international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen requires clarification. Objective: To describe the effect of dabigatran on selected assays in North America and the United Kingdom. Methods: Pooled normal plasma enriched with dabigatran at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ng/mL were sent blinded to 19 centers in the US, the UK, and Canada to assess the effect of dabigatran on routine coagulation screening tests, the INR, aPTT, TT, and fibrinogen. Results: Data were returned from 16 centers. For effects on INR, Neoplastine CI Plus and Simplastin HTF were the most sensitive and Thromborel S the least sensitive to increasing dabigatran concentrations. For the aPTT, all reagents demonstrated decreasing sensitivity to increasing dabigatran concentrations. Measured fibrinogen either demonstrated no change or factitious decrease with increasing dabigatran concentrations. Commercial TT methods were very sensitive to low concentrations of dabigatran, with 9 of 10 reporting sites exceeding test limits at dabigatran concentrations of 100 ng/mL. Conclusions: The INR, aPTT, and TT rise as dabigatran concentrations increase. Both the INR and aPTT increase in a linear pattern with marginal slopes, creating challenges in using these assays as reliable means for assessing the amount of dabigatran present. The commercial TT assay is very sensitive at low concentrations of dabigatran. Fibrinogen test results may be either unaffected or lower in the presence of dabigatran.
Intraventricular Daptomycin and Intravenous Linezolid for the Treatment of External Ventricular-Drain–Associated Ventriculitis Due to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Mueller Scott W , Kiser Tyree H , Anderson Tracey A , Neumann Robert T 
Published: December 2012

Objective: To report the successful treatment of external ventricular-drain (EVD)– associated infection due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with intraventricular daptomycin and intravenous linezolid. Case Summary: A 64-year-old white male with a complicated medical history was admitted to the neurosurgical unit with Scedosporium apiospermum meningitis and hydrocephalus requiring management with a right and left EVD. On day 28, cerebrospinal fluid cultures from the right EVD grew VRE. Despite initiation of intravenous linezolid, cultures from the right EVD remained positive. Intraventricular daptomycin 5 mg daily was initiated and administered into the right EVD for 7 days. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from EVD outputs and analyzed for daptomycin concentrations. VRE in cultures from the EVD cleared after 1 day of therapy and no adverse effects were noted. Right and left EVD daptomycin concentrations were discordant throughout therapy by at least a 3-fold difference. First-dose peak and trough daptomycin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 112.2 and 1.34 μg/mL, respectively, for the right EVD and 37.4 and 0.37 μg/mL, respectively, for the left EVD. Daptomycin accumulation was evident after 3 days of therapy. Discussion: Varying doses and frequencies of intraventricular daptomycin have been reported effective for VRE ventriculitis. Intraventricular drug distribution may not be homogeneous throughout the central nervous system. Therefore, daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration for VRE, cerebrospinal fluid communication throughout the central nervous system, EVD output, and the potential for drug accumulation should be considered when selecting a dose and frequency. Conclusions: Intraventricular daptomycin may be an option for EVD-associated VRE infections that do not respond to conventional therapy. Intraventricular daptomycin 5 mg is a reasonable initial dose in adults with VRE ventriculitis, based on our experience in this patient.
MNAzyme qPCR with Superior Multiplexing Capacity
Authors: Mokany Elisa , Tan Yee Lee , Bone Simon M , Fuery Caroline J , Todd Alison V 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND
MNAzymes (nucleic acid enzymes formed from multiple partial enzymes) can be linked to PCR to provide a highly specific method for target detection and quantification. We investigated the feasibility of multiplexing MNAzyme quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods.

METHODS
We combined MNAzyme components with PCR primers and standard qPCR reagents to perform MNAzyme qPCR and reverse-transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) assays with a set of universal reporter probes. Assays were performed on single targets and in multiplex formats that combined up to 5 different targets in a single reaction.

RESULTS
A comparison of 3 targets amplified in single and triplex formats showed no significant differences with respect to detection limit or amplification efficiency. Likewise, we successfully converted single-target assays for 11 transcripts of interest to triplex assays containing 2 reference transcripts without having to optimize or modify the conditions. A quintuplex RT-qPCR that simultaneously quantified 5 transcripts with 5 universal probes produced high amplification efficiencies and r2 values for all transcripts. Despite the large numbers of oligonucleotides in the reactions, we observed no false-positive signals, owing to the requirement of 4 target-specific binding events to produce a signal. A quadruplex assay that combined MNAzymes with methylation-specific PCR to measure epigenetic biomarkers of prostate cancer was capable of detecting a single methylated DNA allele in a BACKGROUND of 1000–10 000 unmethylated alleles. The MNAzyme qPCR was compatible with a rapid-cycling protocol.

CONCLUSIONS
MNAzymes offer a flexible and unique approach to qPCR that is specific, sensitive, and easily multiplexed. The universal nature of MNAzyme reporter probes removes the need for target-specific probes, thereby making the development of new assays easier and cheaper.
Investitionssicherung eines Syndikatshändlers: Die Steenkolen-Handelsvereeniging und die Gründung der Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba
Authors: Roelevink Eva-Maria 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The syndicated structure of the German coal industry has not yet been reflected on in detail in business history. Generally the picture is dominated by the idea of a powerful controlling German Coal Syndicate (RWKS). In fact, the relationship between the Coal Syndicate and its formerly dependent trading organizations, such as the Coal Trading Association (SHV), changed rapidly as a result of World War One. One outcome of this change was the attempt of the Coal Trading Association – the exclusive coal trader of Ruhrcoal on the Dutch market – to diversify into a producer itself. This diversification and investment into the Sophia-Jacoba colliery became a risk investment because of the marketing rules the Syndicate imposed upon its trader. Even though the colliery’s integration of special rights into the Dutch-German Treaty of 1920 had been reflected in political historical science, it is suggested here to focus that case in the context of the syndicated market structure, to get an understanding of this explosive issue for the SHV.
Energy Transition and Port-Hinterland relations. The Rotterdam oil port and its transport relations to the West German hinterland, 1950–1975
Authors: Boon Marten 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The energy transition from coal to oil that evolved in Western Europe in the 1950s and 1960s caused the Ruhr coal mining sector to descend into crisis, whilst the Rotterdam port experienced unprecedented growth. The Rotterdam port developed from a transit port for its Rhine-Ruhr hinterland into Europe’s largest oil and petrochemical refining cluster. The literature assumes that industrialization decreased the German hinterland’s importance to the Rotterdam oil port. However, the extent to which this holds has received surprisingly little attention in the port’s historiography, a point that this paper aims to redress. Central research questions are: How and why did the energy transition in the Rhine-Ruhr hinterland affect the development of the Rotterdam oil port between 1950 and 1975? How did this affect transport relations between the port and its hinterland? Using transport statistics, the paper concludes that in terms of the port’s transit function, the German hinterland has indeed declined in importance to the Rotterdam oil port. However, in terms of the port’s production function, the German hinterland has provided significant market potential for the development of the oil refining cluster in the port and remained important throughout the period.
Narrative Ballet as Multimedial Art: John Neumeier's The Seagull
Authors: Erken Emily Alane 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article approaches narrative ballet as a theatrical art created through the intersection of dance, music, and literature. Following the nineteenth century's tendency to separate ‘the Arts,’ scholars, journalists, and often the dancers themselves portray ballet as an art of choreography and virtuoso bodies, while relegating the music, story, and visual designs to supportive if not negligible roles. My article counteracts this trend by approaching ballet as a multimedial art, in which meaning is made at the points where the specific arts intersect. Audience members perceive the ballet as a composite work, in which all three elements are equally present and important. Using this model, musicologists and literary critics can and should engage contemporary narrative ballets as complex and relevant art of our time.
John Neumeier's The Seagull (2002) demands this type of analysis, because it is clear that as the author of the choreography, costumes, lighting, and set design, Neumeier considers all media involved—visual, aural, and literary—as equally generative elements of a ballet. His role is more of a multimedia artist than a choreographer. He is also responsible for the adaptation from Chekhov's eponymous play and for application of musical selections borrowed from Tchaikovsky, Scriabin, Shostakovich, and Evelyn Glennie. Indeed, his choice to present a Chekhov play known for its subtle weaving of verbal dialogue to convey character, mood, and themes seems to force the audience member and critic to reconsider her traditional understanding of what ballet can and cannot do.
As an example of a multimodal approach to ballet, this article presents five literary and musical devices expanded to describe the varied interplay of the visual, aural, and literary components in The Seagull. Bakhtin's idea of heteroglossia appears on the ballet stage in the assignment of distinct dance styles to each of the four protagonists, a technique that develops each character by imbuing them with the historical and social connotations of their movement style. Neumeier manipulates the irrefutable connection between music and dance through audiovisual irony in two scenes, where the dance conveys one message, but the music belies it, revealing the underlying ironic truth of the characters' situations. All three modalities are employed to shift time into and out of a reflective space, where the sincerest characters are shown to explore their emotional and artistic dilemmas. Like Chekhov, Neumeier employs echo characters—secondary figures who mirror the conflicts of the main protagonists, allow the author(s) to further develop the play's themes. In this ballet, Masha “echoes” Nina's unrequited love, her movements, music, color palette, and her choices by negation. Through overt application of seagull imagery, Neumeier draws dance and music history—namely, Swan Lake and the pathos of the dying swan—into his ballet, The Seagull.
Serum IGF1, metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular disease in older people: a population-based study
Authors: van Bunderen Christa C , Oosterwerff Mirjam M , van Schoor Natasja M , Deeg Dorly J H , Lips Paul , Drent Madeleine L 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveHigh as well as low levels of IGF1 have been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship of IGF1 with (components of) the metabolic syndrome could help to clarify this controversy. The aims of this study were: i) to investigate the association of IGF1 concentration with prevalent (components of) the metabolic syndrome; and ii) to examine the role of (components of) the metabolic syndrome in the relationship between IGF1 and incident CVD during 11 years of follow-up.MethodsData were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a cohort study in a representative sample of the Dutch older population (≥65 years). Data were available in 1258 subjects. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the definition of the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. CVD were ascertained by self-reports and mortality data.ResultsLevels of IGF1 in the fourth quintile were associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest quintile (odds ratio: 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.33). The middle up to the highest quintile of IGF1 was positively associated with high triglycerides in women. Metabolic syndrome was not a mediator in the U-shaped relationship of IGF1 with CVD. Both subjects without the metabolic syndrome and low IGF1 levels (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.12–2.71) and subjects with the metabolic syndrome and high IGF1 levels (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.21–4.28) demonstrated increased risks of CVD.ConclusionsIn older people, high-normal IGF1 levels are associated with prevalent metabolic syndrome and high triglycerides. Furthermore, this study suggests the presence of different pathomechanisms for both low and high IGF1 levels and incident CVD.
A New Method of Characterizing the Stimulated Reservoir Volume Using Tiltmeter-Based Surface Microdeformation Measurements
Authors: Astakhov D. K. , Roadarmel W. H , Nanayakkara A. S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Unlocking shale gas has been extremely successful during the last decade. Nevertheless, new challenges will continuously arise. One of the most pressing current issues is to know the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), the part of the reservoir that actually received fracturing fluid. The most widely used technology for estimating SRV is downhole microseismic mapping. Under many conditions, it yields reasonably accurate/reliable information about SRV (Mayerhofer et al. 2008). Unfortunately, it requires an observation well in close proximity to the treatment well in which to place the geophone string used to sense the small seismic signals. This requirement often makes it impossible to provide an SRV estimate for many of the hydraulic-fracture treatments that could benefit from this information.
This paper presents an alternative to the downhole-microseismic SRV mapping. A new method, stimulated reservoir characterization (SRC), is based on surface microdeformation measurements obtained with a precision surface tiltmeter array. Tiltmeter-based hydraulic-fracture diagnostics have been successfully used for more than two decades on more than 10,000 hydraulic-fracture treatments. SRV is typically calculated for highly jointed shale reservoirs or coal seams in which injected fluids can inflate a myriad of interconnected hydraulic fractures in two or more dominant orientations. The measured surface deformation is the superposition of all the deformation fields resulting from the inflation of each individual fracture. This makes the deformation-based approach for SRV estimation a convoluted process and requires much more complex tilt-data analysis than does a simple planar hydraulic fracture. This paper describes a new technique for tilt-based SRV estimation, which is capable of resolving spatial distribution, orientations, and volume percentages of the major components of a fracture network. Hence, the new technique allows not only an insight into the areal penetration of treatment fluids into the reservoir, but also an understanding of how multiple joint sets, each with unique orientations, are actually accepting the injected fluids and proppant. This paper includes synthetic data examples and SRV results derived by applying the new technique to a hydraulic-fracture-stimulation project in the lower Eagle Ford shale formation.
Interference Study in Shale Plays
Authors: Ajani Ayantayo , Kelkar Mohan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Advances in drilling and fracturing technologies in Woodford Shale have attracted the operators todrill horizontal wells with long laterals (up to 5,000 ft), and to fracture using multiple stages (upto 22) using large amounts of slickwater and sand.
It has been observed that exploitation of shale plays relies on the ability to contact as much of the reservoir as possible using fracturing techniques by creating a network of interconnecting fractures between laterals placed as close as 660 ft apart. As the spacing gets closer, the operators have a vested interest in knowing the optimal spacing of infill wells. Ideally, an infill well should haveas little interference with the existing wells as possible.
In this paper, we examine fracture data, and daily gas and water production data of 179 horizontalgas wells over five years in the Arkoma Basin to quantify the impact of interference between wells ontheir performance. We quantify the lost gas production from the surrounding wells; calculate the probability of interference as a function of distance and age of the surrounding well; determine the preferential direction of interference, and develop a new measure of spacing to understand the relationship between performance of the well and its surrounding wells. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding the spacing of infill wells.
Post-Frac Production Analysis of Horizontal Completions in CANA Woodford Shale
Authors: Grieser Bill , Talley Chris 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Oklahoma Woodford shale has produced hydrocarbon since the early 1950s. Recent horizontal development using multistage fracture stimulations of the CANA Woodford located in the Anadarko basin have resulted in high initial gas-flow rates, and substantial liquid production when in the gas condensate window. Completion type and strategy has changed from methods used during the initial discovery phase in 2005, to the present development phase in 2011. This paper compares completion parameters used for a given time period to the bulk average production trend, using a linear flow transient model. Using the averaged production profile, the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), effective fracture half-lengths, reservoir system permeability (km h), productivity index (PI), and overall stimulation effectiveness were determined.
Ranking of fracture-stimulation effectiveness is made from production-derived bulk reservoir properties, including: the product of fracture surface area and square root of the effective formation permeability (Ackm1/2)apparent skin (s’)hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV)
The results are summarized in tables showing effect of completion factors to production outcome.
Measurements of Hydraulic-Fracture-Induced Seismicity in Gas Shales
Authors: Warpinski N. R. , Du J. , Zimmer U. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is an essential technology for hydrocarbon extraction from both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Recently, concern has developed regarding induced seismicity generated in association with multistage fracturing of horizontal wells in shale reservoirs. A review of thousands of fracture treatments that have been microseismically monitored shows that the induced seismicity associated with hydraulic fracturing is very small and not a problem under any normal circumstances. Results are presented for six major shale basins in North America.