bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal Protein Intake Is Associated with Higher‐Level Functional Capacity in Elderly Adults: The Ohasama Study
Authors: Imai Eri , Tsubota‐Utsugi Megumi , Kikuya Masahiro , Satoh Michihiro , Inoue Ryuske , Hosaka Miki , Metoki Hirohito , Fukushima Naomi , Kurimoto Ayumi , Hirose Takuo , Asayama Kei , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the association between protein intake and risk of higher‐level functional decline in older community‐dwelling adults.DesignProspective.SettingOhasama Town, Japan.ParticipantsResidents (N = 1,007; mean age 67.4 ± 5.5) free of functional decline at baseline; follow‐up was conducted for 7 years.MeasurementsNutrient and food intakes were determined using a validated 141‐item food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into quartiles according to intake levels of total, animal, and plant protein. Subscales of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence subscales were used to assess higher‐level functional decline. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the future risk of higher‐level functional decline in relation to protein intake, with lowest protein intake as reference.ResultsDuring the study period, 24.4% of eligible participants reported declines in higher‐level functional capacity. After adjustment for putative confounding factors, men in the highest quartile of animal protein intake had significantly lower risk of higher‐level functional decline than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.20–0.83; P for trend .01). These associations were not seen in women (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.41–1.34; P for trend .37). No consistent association was observed between plant protein intake and future higher‐level functional decline in either sex.ConclusionHigher protein, particularly animal protein, was associated with lower risk of decline in higher‐level functional capacity in older men. Animal protein intake may be a modifiable indicator for early detection and prevention of higher‐level functional decline in elderly adults.
Race and Documentation of Cognitive Impairment in Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Campbell Noll L. , Cantor Braca B. , Hui Siu L. , Perkins Anthony , Khan Babar A. , Farber Mark O. , Nazir Arif , Garrett Stephanie L. , Ely E. Wesley , Boustani Malaz A. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether race influences agreement between screening results and documentation of cognitive impairment and delirium.DesignSecondary data analysis.SettingAn urban, public hospital and healthcare system.ParticipantsHospitalized older adults aged 65 and older admitted to general inpatient medical services evaluated for cognitive impairment (n = 851) and evaluated for delirium (n = 424).MeasurementsCognitive impairment and delirium were measured in each participant using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), respectively, as the reference identification method. Clinical documentation of cognitive impairment and delirium was defined according to the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9), codes from within 1 year before hospitalization through discharge for cognitive impairment or from hospital admission through discharge for delirium.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐four participants (34%) had cognitive impairment based on SPMSQ performance, and 163 (38%) had delirium based on CAM results. One hundred seventy‐one (20%) of those with cognitive impairment had an ICD‐9 code for cognitive impairment, whereas 92 (22%) of those with delirium had an ICD‐9 code for delirium. After considering age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, chronic comorbidity, and severity of acute illness, of those who screened positive on the SPMSQ, African Americans had a higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) than non‐African Americans for clinical documentation of cognitive impairment (AOR = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95–2.89), and of those who screened negative on the SPMSQ, African Americans had higher odds of clinical documentation of cognitive impairment (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.17–3.78) than non‐African Americans. There were no differences in clinical documentation rates of delirium between African Americans and non‐African Americans.ConclusionRacial differences in coding for cognitive impairment may exist, resulting in higher documentation of cognitive impairment in African Americans screening positive or negative for cognitive impairment.
Associations Between Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Multiple Health Conditions, Physical Performance Measures, Disability, and All‐Cause Mortality: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Hirani Vasant , Cumming Robert G. , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona , Le Couteur David G. , Handelsman David J. , Waite Louise M. , Seibel Markus J. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo explore associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and a wide range of health conditions, physical performance measures, disability, and mortality in a large epidemiological study to identify an optimum range for 25(OH)D concentrations.DesignCross‐sectional study, with additional prospective data on falls and mortality.SettingConcord Health and Ageing in Men Project, Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling men aged 70 and older (N = 1,659).MeasurementsSerum 25(OH)D levels, general health status, self‐reported diseases, physical performance measures, disability (activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living) and falls.ResultsFair, poor, and very poor health; self‐reported diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; depression; muscle weakness; poor balance; and all‐cause mortality were all associated with serum 25(OH)D levels less than 50 nmol/L, even after adjustment for confounding. The findings also suggest that, in older men, for a wide range of health conditions, physical performance measures, disability, falls, and mortality, the optimum range of 25(OH)D is between 50.0 and 74.9 nmol/L, with no additional benefit for 25(OH)D levels of 75.0 nmol/L or greater.ConclusionPrograms aimed at achieving an optimum range of serum 25(OH)D at levels between 50.0 and 74.9 nmol/L may have overall health benefits and such levels are adequate for older men.
Clinical and microbiological effects of levofloxacin in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pradeep Avani R. , Singh Sonender P. , Martande Santosh S. , Naik Savitha B. , N Priyanka , Kalra Nitish , Suke Deepak K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of systemic levofloxacin (LFX) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).MethodsSixty‐five patients with CP were randomly divided into a test (n = 33, SRP and LFX 500 mg, once daily [o.d.]) and a control group (n = 32, SRP and placebo, o.d.). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (%BoP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 10 days, and 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month intervals. The percentage of sites positive for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were recorded at baseline and at 3 and 6 months.ResultsPatients receiving LFX showed statistically‐significant improvements in mean PD and CAL. The intergroup difference in PI, GI, and%BoP was not significant at any interval. There was a reduction in the percentage of sites positive for periodontopathic bacteria over the duration of the study in both groups, and a statistically‐significant reduction in the number of sites positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans in the LFX group (P < 0.001).ConclusionLevofloxacin was found to significantly improve the clinical and microbiological parameters in CP individuals.
Thermal and mechanical behaviour of the orogenic middle crust during the syn‐ to late‐orogenic evolution of the Variscan root zone, Bohemian Massif
Authors: Petri B. , Štípská P. , Skrzypek E. , Schulmann K. , Corsini M. , Franěk J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe combine structural observations, petrological data and 40Ar–39Ar ages for a stack of amphibolite facies metasedimentary units that rims high‐P (HP) granulite facies felsic bodies exposed in the southern Bohemian Massif. The partly migmatitic Varied and Monotonous units, and the underlying Kaplice unit, show a continuity of structures that are also observed in the adjacent Blanský les HP granulite body. They all exhibit an earlier NE−SW striking and steeply NW‐dipping foliation (S3), which is transposed into a moderately NW‐dipping foliation (S4). In both the Varied and Monotonous units, the S3 and S4 foliations are characterized by a Sil–Bt–Pl–Kfs–Qtz–Ilm±Grt assemblage, with occurrences of post‐D4 andalusite, cordierite and muscovite. In the Monotonous unit, minute inclusions of garnet, kyanite, sillimanite and biotite are additionally found in plagioclase from a probable leucosome parallel to S3. The Kaplice unit shows rare staurolite and kyanite relicts, a Sil–Ms–Bt–Pl–Qtz±Grt assemblage associated with S3, retrogressed garnet−staurolite aggregates during the development of S4, and post‐D4 andalusite, cordierite and secondary muscovite. Mineral equilibria modelling for representative samples indicates that the Varied unit records conditions higher than ~7 kbar at 725 °C during the transition from S3 to S4, followed by a P−T decrease from ~5.5 kbar/750 °C to ~4.5 kbar/700 °C. The Monotonous unit shows evidence of partial melting in the S3 fabric at P−T above ~8 kbar at 740–830 °C and a subsequent P−T decrease to 4.5–5 kbar/700 °C. The Kaplice unit preserves an initial medium‐P prograde path associated with the development of S3 reaching peak P−T of ~6.5 kbar/640 °C. The subsequent retrograde path records 4.5 kbar/660 °C during the development of S4. 40Ar–39Ar geochronology shows that amphibole and biotite ages cluster at c. 340 Ma close to the HP granulite, whereas adjacent metasedimentary rocks preserve c. 340 Ma amphibole ages, but biotite and muscovite ages range between c. 318 and c. 300 Ma. The P−T conditions associated with S3 imply an overturned section of the orogenic middle crust. The shared structural evolution indicates that all mid‐crustal units are involved in the large‐scale folding cored by HP granulites. The retrograde P–T paths associated with S4 are interpreted as a result of a ductile thinning of the orogenic crust at a mid‐crustal level. The 40Ar–39Ar ages overlap with U–Pb zircon ages in and around the HP granulite bodies, suggesting a short duration for the ductile thinning event. The post‐ductile thinning late‐orogenic emplacement of the South Bohemian plutonic complex is responsible for a re‐heating of the stacked units, reopening of argon system in mica and a tilting of the S4 foliation to its present‐day orientation.
Cytokines in healthy temporomandibular joint synovial fluid
Authors: Kristensen K. D. , Alstergren P. , Stoustrup P. , Küseler A. , Herlin T. , Pedersen T. K. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAnalysis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial fluid may elucidate the aetiology of temporomandibular disorders and arthritic conditions, as well as the inflammatory mechanisms involved. Knowledge about healthy synovial fluid is necessary to understand TMJ pathologies. We aimed to quantify the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and the anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐γ in healthy TMJ synovial fluid to serve as reference values for future studies on TMJ pathologies. Twenty healthy, young adult volunteers without temporomandibular dysfunction were included. Bilateral synovial fluid samples were obtained using the push‐pull technique with hydroxocobalamin described by Alstergren in 1999. Cytokines were quantified with Luminex multiplex assays and compared using nonparametric statistical analysis. No serious adverse effects were reported. Of 40 possible samples, 14 fulfilled the strict sampling criteria and were included in the analysis. Cytokine values (reported as medians with interquartile ranges) were as follows: TNF, 23 (13–37) pg mL−1; IL‐2, 1·8 (0–22) pg mL−1; and INF‐γ, 10 (0–47) pg mL−1. IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were almost undetectable. In addition, TNF and INF‐γ cytokine levels correlated. We demonstrated that TNF was consistently detected and IFN‐γ and IL‐2 sporadically detected in the TMJ synovial fluid of healthy individuals using the hydroxocobalamin method and a multiplex assay. The cytokines IL‐10, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were barely detectable in this sample of healthy TMJs.
Molecular Detection and Complete Genome Sequences of Tomato chlorosis virus Isolates from Infectious Outbreaks in China
Authors: Zhao Li‐Ming , Li Gang , Gao Ying , Liu Yong‐Jie , Sun Guo‐Zhen , Zhu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly‐transmitted, phloem‐limited, bipartite Crinivirus. In 2012, severe interveinal symptoms characteristic of ToCV infections were observed in greenhouse tomato plants in the Shandong province of China. High levels of infestation by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), which transmit ToCV, were also observed on tomato plants in all the greenhouses investigated. The presence of ToCV was confirmed by specific RT‐PCR either in the sampled plants or in the whiteflies collected from the ventral surface of the leaves of diseased plants. The complete genomic nucleotide sequences (RNA1 and RNA2) of the Shandong isolate of ToCV (ToCV‐SDSG) were determined and analysed. ToCV‐SDSG RNA1 consisted of 8594 nucleotides encompassing four open reading frames (ORFs). ToCV‐SDSG RNA2 consisted of 8242 nucleotides encompassing nine ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the Chinese ToCV‐SDSG isolate is most similar to the ToCV‐Florida isolate.
Work engagement among Dutch dental hygienists
Authors: Buunk‐Werkhoven Yvonne A.B. , Hollaar Vanessa R.Y. , Jongbloed‐Zoet Corrie 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of work engagement among Dutch dental hygienists.MethodsA total of 1,520 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the members of the Dutch Dental Hygienists' Association (Nederlandse Vereniging van Mondhygiënisten). The questionnaire consisted of the short form Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, a hypothesized three‐factor structure of work engagement (Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption). Participants ranked statements about how they felt at work on 7‐point rating scales (0 = never to 6 = always).ResultsFrom a sample of 490 dental hygienists (32 percent) with a mean age of 38.2 years [standard deviation (SD) = 10.1], the mean level of work engagement was 4.77 (SD = 0.90). The mean score on the dimension of Vigor was 4.74 (SD = 0.74), Dedication was 5.08 (SD = 0.89), and Absorption was 4.48 (SD = 1.12). A significant correlation was found between the dimension Absorption and age (r = −0.11, P < 0.05).ConclusionsDutch dental hygienists reported a very high level of work engagement. Many dental hygienists experienced high levels of well‐being at work at least once a week, with some reporting high levels of well‐being on a daily basis. Only a small percentage of dental hygienists reported experiencing very low levels of well‐being at work. Dental hygienists also reported significantly higher scores for work engagement and the three dimensions as compared with the manual norms based on a variety of professions. Finally, dental hygienists had higher scores on these questionnaires compared with Dutch dentists.
Effects of Chemical Castration on Sex Offenders in Relation to the Kinetics of Serum Testosterone Recovery: Implications for Dosing Schedule
Authors: Koo Kyo Chul , Ahn Jin Hyoung , Hong Sung Joon , Lee Jae Woo , Chung Byung Ha 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Introduction
A growing number of countries are adopting chemical castration as treatment and penalty for sex offenders.

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of chemical castration of sexual offenders with a focus on the kinetics of serum testosterone (T) recovery.

Methods
This prospective analysis included 56 sex offenders imprisoned for sexual offenses at the National Forensic Hospital. Thirty-eight and 18 patients who received 3 and 6 months of leuprolide acetate injections were assigned to group A and group B, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures
To evaluate treatment efficacy according treatment duration, psychobehavioral assessments and serum T levels were serially measured during the on-cycle and the following observational 12-month off-cycle.

Results
Chemical castration and the associated decrease in serum T levels reduced the frequency and intensity of sexual thoughts in 76% and 71% of group A patients and in 78% and 72% of group B patients, respectively. Reductions in masturbation frequency were observed in 74% of group A and 83% of group B patients. The median Wilson's Sex Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ) scores were also significantly reduced in both groups. In group A, an upsurge of serum T to the flare level was observed during the first 2 months of the off-cycle, accompanied by an intense sexual drive and fantasy. In group B, serum T gradually recovered to the baseline level and continued to upsurge beyond baseline levels during the observational period. SFQ scores of group A returned to pretreatment levels following the observational period; however, SFQ scores of group B remained suppressed. Lack of objective assessments for psychobehavioral outcomes was a limitation.

Conclusions
The efficacy of chemical castration varied according to the treatment duration. Regarding the kinetics of serum T recovery, maintaining at least 6 months of treatment warranted stable control of an excessive sexual drive following treatment cessation.
Police officer perceptions of harassment in England and Scotland
Authors: Sheridan Lorraine , Scott Adrian J. , Nixon Keri 
Published: February 2014

PurposeResearch has demonstrated that certain relational biases exist within perceptions of stalking. One such bias concerns the perception that ex‐partner stalkers are less dangerous than those who target strangers or acquaintances despite applied research suggesting the opposite.MethodIn all, 135 police officers in England (where stalking has been outlawed since 1997) and 127 police officers in Scotland (where stalking has been outlawed since 2010) responded to vignettes describing a stalking scenario in which the perpetrator and victim were portrayed as strangers, acquaintances, or ex‐partners.ResultsAlthough typical relational biases existed in both samples, Scottish police officers were less susceptible to these biases than English police officers. Victim responsibility mediated the relation between prior relationship and perceptions of stalking for the English, but not the Scottish, police officers.ConclusionsFuture work should examine whether these biases may be found in other areas of the criminal justice system, and how far they are influenced by policy, practice, and training.
Conserved histidine of metal transporter AtNRAMP1 is crucial for optimal plant growth under manganese deficiency at chilling temperatures
Authors: Ihnatowicz Anna , Siwinska Joanna , Meharg Andrew A. , Carey Manus , Koornneef Maarten , Reymond Matthieu 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for plant growth, in particular in the process of photosynthesis. Plant performance is influenced by various environmental stresses including contrasting temperatures, light or nutrient deficiencies. The molecular responses of plants exposed to such stress factors in combination are largely unknown.

Screening of 108 Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) accessions for reduced photosynthetic performance at chilling temperatures was performed and one accession (Hog) was isolated. Using genetic and molecular approaches, the molecular basis of this particular response to temperature (G × E interaction) was identified.

Hog showed an induction of a severe leaf chlorosis and impaired growth after transfer to lower temperatures. We demonstrated that this response was dependent on the nutrient content of the soil. Genetic mapping and complementation identified NRAMP1 as the causal gene. Chlorotic phenotype was associated with a histidine to tyrosine (H239Y) substitution in the allele of Hog NRAMP1. This led to lethality when Hog seedlings were directly grown at 4°C.

Chemical complementation and hydroponic culture experiments showed that Mn deficiency was the major cause of this G × E interaction. For the first time, the NRAMP‐specific highly conserved histidine was shown to be crucial for plant performance.
Lowered Parasympathetic Activity in Apparently Healthy Subjects with Self‐Reported Symptoms of Pain: Preliminary Results from a Pilot Study
Authors: Koenig Julian , Jarczok Marc N. , Ellis Robert J. , Warth Marco , Hillecke Thomas K. , Thayer Julian F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate differences in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) in apparently healthy subjects with self‐reported symptoms of pain (SRSP) within an exploratory analysis.MethodsHRV data from 14 apparently healthy male individuals were analyzed to address potential differences in subjects with and without SRSP. SRSP was assessed using the four pain‐related items from the symptom checklist (SCL‐90R). Subjects were stratified based on the presence of SRSP.ResultsParasympathetic activity, indexed by pNN50, RMSSD, and high frequency (HF) spectrum of HRV, was lower in subjects with SRSP. Low frequency (LF) HRV and the LF/HF ratio were greater in subjects with SRSP. However, analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between the groups. Pearson correlations showed a correlation of pNN50, HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio and the presence and frequency of SRSP. Measures of parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and HF) were inversely associated with more SRSP, indicating that subjects with more frequent SRSP show decreased parasympathetic activity.ConclusionsConsistent with evidence on changes in HRV in patients with clinical conditions of chronic or recurrent pain, this is the first study to show that healthy individuals who report symptoms of pain may have lower parasympathetic activity revealed by measures of HRV.