bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving operating theatre communication between the orthopaedics surgeon and radiographer
Authors: Yeo Cheng Hong , Gordon Robert , Nusem Iulian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study was designed to assess the importance of communication between surgeons and radiographers in the operation of image intensifiers during orthopaedic surgery.MethodsThis study was designed and conducted as single‐centre, observational study. Fifteen medical officers and 15 radiographers were involved in this study. Each of the 15 radiographers was assigned to a medical officer. The 15 pairs were then each given a task to simulate achieving ‘perfect circles’ on fluoroscopy for distal locking of an intramedullary nail. The time taken for the surgeon to verbally instruct the radiographer how to position the image intensifier in order to achieve ‘perfect circles’ was recorded. The overall time taken to perform the task, and total number of images taken was recorded before and after a terminology system to manoeuvre image intensifier was introduced to the pairs.ResultsThe mean time taken for the pairs to achieve perfect circles after the introduction of the manoeuvre terminology showed statistically significant reduction from 212 to 97 s (t = 4.212, df = 88, P < 0.05) after the introduction of the terminology. The mean number of fluoroscopy exposures taken also showed a statistically significant reduction from 12 to 6 (t = 6.791, df = 88, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe implementation of a clear and unambiguous set of commands to control the image intensifier, which are common to both surgeon and radiographer, can reduce the time to acquire the desired images, and requires less radiation exposure in the process.
Disrupted Futures: Unpacking Metaphors of Marginalization in Eviction and Resettlement Narratives
Authors: Ramakrishnan Kavita 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I examine how linguistic tropes that emerged during ethnographic fieldwork in a Delhi resettlement colony both capture and reaffirm the experiences of forced eviction and marginalization on the urban periphery. By analyzing the urban subjectivities embedded in recurrent metaphors, I explore how people “make sense” of dispossession and ultimately, articulate their “place” in the city. Drawing on Lakoff and Johnson (1980,Metaphors We Live By; 1999,Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought), I argue that the utilization of metaphors in everyday language influences how people structure their relationships—with the state, with other residents of the resettlement colony, and with the city itself—and captures the pervasive uncertainty of resettlement. Unpacking such metaphors as “guides” to thought and practice can contribute to theories on spaces of insecurity and performativity of the marginalized in the city.
The effects of ageing on the onset and disappearance of unexplained abdominal pain: a population‐based study
Authors: Choung R. S. , Locke G. R. , Schleck C. D. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Talley N. J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe population ≥65 years is rapidly increasing, but remarkably little is known about the natural history of abdominal pain with ageing.AimTo prospectively evaluate the natural history of abdominal pain (severity and frequency) in a US population, and evaluate potential risk factors (including somatisation) for the onset and disappearance of abdominal pain with increasing age.MethodsBetween 1988 and 2004, valid self‐report questionnaires that recorded gastrointestinal symptoms including severity and frequency of abdominal pain were mailed to randomly selected cohorts of community residents followed over time. This study identified all respondents who answered abdominal pain questions at an initial and follow‐up survey.ResultsOne thousand nine hundred and thirteen subjects were included (mean age in years at first survey: 48 ± 12 (SD), mean age at second survey: 59 ± 13 (SD); 53% female). The onset and disappearance rate of abdominal pain over the follow‐up were 18% (95% CI, 16, 20) and 47% (43, 50) respectively. The rates of increasing vs. decreasing abdominal pain score were 18% (16, 20) vs. 21% (20, 23) respectively. While younger age at initial survey was associated with the onset of abdominal pain {vs. subjects without abdominal pain, [OR 0.9 (0.7, 1.0)]}, older age at initial survey and times between surveys were associated with the disappearance of abdominal pain {vs. subjects with abdominal pain, [OR 1.2 (1.0, 1.5)]}. Female gender (OR 1.4 [1.0, 2.1]), higher somatisation scores (OR 5.3 [3.2, 8.7]) and larger changes in somatisation score (OR 2.1 [1.4, 3.2]) were positively associated with the onset of abdominal pain.ConclusionIncreasing age is associated with the disappearance of abdominal pain in the community.
Estimating marginal properties of quantitative real‐time PCR data using nonlinear mixed models
Authors: Gerhard Daniel , Bremer Melanie , Ritz Christian 
Published: December 2013

SummaryA unified modeling framework based on a set of nonlinear mixed models is proposed for flexible modeling of gene expression in real‐time PCR experiments. Focus is on estimating the marginal or population‐based derived parameters: cycle thresholds and , but retaining the conditional mixed model structure to adequately reflect the experimental design. Additionally, the calculation of model‐average estimates allows incorporation of the model selection uncertainty. The methodology is applied for estimating the differential expression of a phosphate transporter gene OsPT6 in rice in comparison to a reference gene at several states after phosphate resupply. In a small simulation study the performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared to a standard method.
Perceived Discrimination and Ethnic Affirmation: Anglo Culture Orientation as a Moderator Among Mexican‐Origin Adolescent Mothers
Authors: Derlan Chelsea L. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Toomey Russell B. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Jahromi Laudan B. , Flores Lluliana I. 
Published: December 2013

This study examined whether Anglo culture orientation modified the association between adolescents' perceived ethnic discrimination and ethnic identity affirmation over time in a sample of Mexican‐origin adolescent mothers (N = 205, Mage = 16.24 years). Results indicated that perceived ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with decreases in ethnic identity affirmation over time for adolescents reporting high Anglo culture orientation, but no relation existed for adolescents reporting low Anglo culture orientation. Findings suggest that a person–environment mismatch (i.e., between adolescents' perceptions of their connection to Anglo culture and the messages they receive from others regarding that connection in terms of perceived ethnic discrimination) may be detrimental to adolescents' development of positive feelings about their ethnicity.
Endolaparoscopic removal of colonic polyps
Authors: Goh C. , Burke J. P. , McNamara D. A. , Cahill R. A. , Deasy J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimA proportion of colonic polyps is not amenable to exclusively colonoscopic removal due to their location, size or tortuosity of the colon. A combined laparoscopic/colonoscopic polypectomy or endolaparoscopic polypectomy (ELP) is an alternative to formal segmental resection. We present our experience of ELP.MethodThis is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients who underwent ELP for preoperatively diagnosed benign polyps between 2010 and 2013. Data are presented as median (interquartile range, IQR).ResultsThirty patients commenced ELP. Eighteen were male and the median (IQR) age was 65.4 (61.6–73.5) years. Of 30 attempted cases, 22 (73%) underwent successful ELP surgery. Patients in whom combined ELP surgery was unsuccessful were converted to laparoscopic colectomy (one) or colonic mobilization and colotomy (seven). The median operation time for successful ELP was 105 (75–125) min. The complication rate was 13.3% and the median length of stay was 2.0 (1.0–3.0) days for successful ELP compared with 5.5 (3.5–6.8) days for converted patients (P = 0.014). The median polyp size was 14 (10–22) mm; eight (26.7%) had high‐grade dysplasia with two cases of invasive cancer identified.ConclusionA combined endoscopic–laparoscopic approach provides an alternative to segmental resection for treating challenging colonic polyps. This approach appears to be safe and effective and should be offered to selected patients with benign colonic polyps.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women
Authors: Schafer A. L. , Napoli N. , Lui L. , Schwartz A. V. , Black D. M. ,   the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident diabetes in a large cohort of older women.MethodsData were analysed from women included in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a cohort of community‐dwelling women aged ≥65 years at enrolment. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was assessed at the year 6 visit, as were BMI and other factors associated with vitamin D and/or diabetes. Diabetes status was determined at each subsequent visit by self‐report and medication use. Only those without prevalent diabetes at the year 6 visit were included in the present analysis (N = 5463, mean age 76.5 years).ResultsDuring a mean ±sd follow‐up of 8.6 ± 4.4 years, incident diabetes was reported in 320 participants. The mean BMI was higher in those with a 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/ml (<50 nmol/l) than in those with concentrations 20–30 or ≥30 ng/ml [50–74 or ≥75 nmol/l (P < 0.0001)]. A higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with a 13% lower risk of incident diabetes after adjustment for age and clinic site [hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76–0.99, per sd increase in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D]; however, the addition of BMI to the model attenuated the estimated effect (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.11). Adjustment for additional potential confounders yielded similar results.ConclusionsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women. Although those with higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are less likely to develop diabetes, this is mainly explained by their lower BMI.
HNF4A mutation: switch from hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia to maturity‐onset diabetes of the young, and incretin response
Authors: Arya V. B. , Rahman S. , Senniappan S. , Flanagan S. E. , Ellard S. , Hussain K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4A) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand‐activated transcription factors. HNF4A mutations cause hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in early life and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young. Regular screening of HNF4A mutation carriers using the oral glucose tolerance test has been recommended to diagnose diabetes mellitus at an early stage. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are incretin hormones, responsible for up to 70% of the secreted insulin after a meal in healthy individuals. We describe, for the first time, gradual alteration of glucose homeostasis in a patient with HNF4A mutation after resolution of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, on serial oral glucose tolerance testing. We also measured the incretin response to a mixed meal in our patient.Case reportOur patient was born with macrosomia and developed hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in the neonatal period. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed HNF4A mutation (p.M116I, c.317G>A) as an underlying cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. Serial oral glucose tolerance testing, after the resolution of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, confirmed the diagnosis of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young at the age of 10 years. Interestingly, the intravenous glucose tolerance test revealed normal glucose disappearance rate and first‐phase insulin secretion. Incretin hormones showed a suboptimal rise in response to the mixed meal, potentially explaining the discrepancy between the oral glucose tolerance test and the intravenous glucose tolerance test.ConclusionsMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young can develop as early as the first decade of life in persons with an HNF4A mutation. Impaired incretin response might be contributory in the early stages of HNF4A maturity‐onset diabetes of the young.
Comparison of insulin lispro protamine suspension versus insulin glargine once daily added to oral antihyperglycaemic medications and exenatide in type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized open‐label trial
Authors: Arakaki R. F. , Blevins T. C. , Wise J. K. , Liljenquist D. R. , Jiang H. H. , Jacobson J. G. , Martin S. A. , Jackson J. A. 
Published: December 2013

AimsTo compare efficacy and safety of two, once‐daily basal insulin formulations [insulin lispro protamine suspension (ILPS) vs. insulin glargine (glargine)] added to oral antihyperglycaemic medications (OAMs) and exenatide BID in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.MethodsThis 24‐week, open‐label, multicentre trial randomized patients to bedtime ILPS (n = 171) or glargine (n = 168). Non‐inferiority of ILPS versus glargine was assessed by comparing the upper limit of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for change in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to week 24 (adjusted for baseline HbA1c) with non‐inferiority margin 0.4%.ResultsNon‐inferiority of ILPS versus glargine was demonstrated: least‐squares mean between‐treatment difference (ILPS minus glargine) (95% CI) was 0.22% (0.06, 0.38). Mean HbA1c reduction was less for ILPS‐ versus glargine‐treated patients (−1.16 ± 0.84 vs. −1.40 ± 0.97%, p = 0.008). Endpoint HbA1c < 7.0% was achieved by 53.7% (ILPS) and 61.7% (glargine) (p = NS). Overall hypoglycaemia rates (p = NS) and severe hypoglycaemia incidence (p = NS) were similar. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia rate was higher in patients treated with ILPS versus glargine (p = 0.004). Weight gain was similar between groups (ILPS: 0.27 ± 3.38 kg; glargine: 0.66 ± 3.93 kg, p = NS). Endpoint total insulin doses were lower in patients treated with ILPS versus glargine (0.30 ± 0.17 vs. 0.37 ± 0.17 IU/kg/day, p < 0.001).ConclusionsILPS was non‐inferior to glargine for HbA1c change over 24 weeks, but was associated with less HbA1c reduction and more nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Treat‐to‐target basal insulin therapy improves glycaemic control and is associated with minimal weight gain when added to OAMs and exenatide BID for suboptimally controlled T2D.
Elasticity Properties of Pulmonary Artery in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Celik Murat , Yuksel Uygar Cagdas , Yalcinkaya Emre , Gokoglan Yalcin , Yildirim Erkan , Bugan Baris , Kaya Erkan , Gungor Mutlu 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveAlthough the vascular complications of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease cause significant morbidity and mortality, the role of pulmonary artery in this pathogenesis is less understood. We aimed to assess the elastic properties of pulmonary artery with echocardiography in patients with BAV.Material and MethodsThirty patients with BAV (26 males) were enrolled in this study. The presence of aortic stenosis was accepted as exclusion criteria. Thirty‐two healthy subjects (27 males) with no any history of cardiovascular disease comprised the control group. In all patients, maximal frequency shift (MFS) and acceleration time (AcT) of the pulmonary artery flow trace were measured echocardiographically in parasternal short‐axis view. Subsequently, pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS) was calculated by using the following formula PAS (kHz/sec) = MFS/AcT.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics of the study population. Aortic strain and aortic distensibility index were lower, and aortic stiffness index (SI) higher, in patients with BAV. The PAS was significantly increased in patients with BAV compared with control subjects with tricuspid aortic valve (11.08 ± 2.27 vs. 7.11 ± 1.54, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between aortic diameters, aortic elasticity indexes, and PAS. Multivariate linear regression analysis, the only significant independent factor affecting the PAS was SI (β = 0.547, P < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated that elastic properties of pulmonary artery tend to be impaired as in the aorta in patients with BAV disease.
Tree‐ring isotope analysis of Norway spruce suffering from long‐term infection by the pathogenic white‐rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum
Authors: Gori Y. , La Porta N. , Camin F. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryWe report for the first time a tree‐ring isotopic analysis on host trees infected with Heterobasidion parviporum. By measuring carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios in tree rings over ca. 150 years of forest growth, we obtained evidence that stomatal conductance increases in Picea abies affected by H. parviporum. We put forward this approach as a novel way of providing an insight into plant–pathogen relationships during tree life.
Subjective quality of life in At‐Risk Mental State for psychosis patients: relationship with symptom severity and functional impairment
Authors: Domínguez‐Martínez Tecelli , Kwapil Thomas R. , Barrantes‐Vidal Neus 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimsThe understanding of factors related to poor subjective quality of life (sQoL) in early psychosis patients is important for both research and treatment efforts. This study examined how sQoL is associated with age at onset of prodromal symptoms, duration of untreated illness (DUI), symptom severity, premorbid functioning and current functional impairment in At‐Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis patients.MethodsForty ARMS patients were assessed for sQoL, symptom severity, premorbid functioning, and social and role functioning.ResultsAs expected, a large number of significant and negative correlations between sQoL domains and several symptom dimensions emerged, especially for negative symptoms, behavioural change and depression. Poor premorbid functioning in late adolescence was associated with impairments in the psychological health and social relationship domains of sQoL. Current functional impairment was associated with all sQoL domains. Neither age at onset of prodromal symptoms nor DUI was related with sQoL.ConclusionsFindings indicate that different domains of sQoL are differentially and meaningfully associated with symptom severity and functional impairment, suggesting that greater symptom severity and poor functioning are already related with decreased sQoL in the ARMS for psychosis stage. Furthermore, findings highlight the importance of examining functional impairment and affective‐motivational symptoms in future research on sQoL in ARMS populations due to their strong relationship with poor sQoL. Finally, findings underscore the importance of addressing the social and occupational dysfunctions already present in early psychosis with psychosocial interventions.
Route optimisation and solving Zermelo's navigation problem during long distance migration in cross flows
Authors: Hays Graeme C. , Christensen Asbjørn , Fossette Sabrina , Schofield Gail , Talbot Julian , Mariani Patrizio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe optimum path to follow when subjected to cross flows was first considered over 80 years ago by the German mathematician Ernst Zermelo, in the context of a boat being displaced by ocean currents, and has become known as the ‘Zermelo navigation problem’. However, the ability of migrating animals to solve this problem has received limited consideration, even though wind and ocean currents cause the lateral displacement of flyers and swimmers, respectively, particularly during long‐distance journeys of 1000s of kilometres. Here, we examine this problem by combining long‐distance, open‐ocean marine turtle movements (obtained via long‐term GPS tracking of sea turtles moving 1000s of km), with a high resolution basin‐wide physical ocean model to estimate ocean currents. We provide a robust mathematical framework to demonstrate that, while turtles eventually arrive at their target site, they do not follow the optimum (Zermelo's) route. Even though adult marine turtles regularly complete incredible long‐distance migrations, these vertebrates primarily rely on course corrections when entering neritic waters during the final stages of migration. Our work introduces a new perspective in the analysis of wildlife tracking datasets, with different animal groups potentially exhibiting different levels of complexity in goal attainment during migration.
Body mass evolution and diversification within horses (family Equidae)
Authors: Shoemaker Lauren , Clauset Aaron 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHorses (family Equidae) are a classic example of adaptive radiation, exhibiting a nearly 60‐fold increase in maximum body mass and a peak taxonomic diversity of nearly 100 species across four continents. Such patterns are commonly attributed to niche competition, in which increased taxonomic diversity drives increased size disparity. However, neutral processes, such as macroevolutionary ‘diffusion’, can produce similar increases in disparity without increased diversity. Using a comprehensive database of Equidae species size estimates and a common mathematical framework, we measure the contributions of diversity‐driven and diffusion‐driven mechanisms for increased disparity during the Equidae radiation. We find that more than 90% of changes in size disparity are attributable to diffusion alone. These results clarify the role of species competition in body size evolution, indicate that morphological disparity and species diversity may be only weakly coupled in general, and demonstrate that large species may evolve from neutral macroevolutionary diffusion processes alone.
Evaluating the Compliance of Sea Turtle Light Ordinances in Florida Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Anderson Sharolyn J , Nuernberger Sarah , Yamamoto Kristina H , Sutton Paul C 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSatellite‐based remote sensing has essentially been absent from processes evaluating compliance with environmental policy. Through a case study of the observance of sea turtle light ordinances in Florida, this study seeks to demonstrate that remotely sensed data can be beneficial in evaluation of environmental policy compliance. As a means to increase the successful sea turtle nesting rate, 21 counties and several other municipalities adapted policies prohibiting the lighting of beaches during sea turtle nesting season from May to October. Using visible/infrared imager radiometer suite (VIIRS) nighttime lights satellite imagery to determine mean radiance values and diamond plots of difference images of nighttime lights radiance values, this study confirms compliance with these light ordinances while emphasizing the benefits of remote sensing techniques in the process.