bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of conjugate gradient algorithms performance on the example of steady-state axisymmetric heat transfer problem
Authors: Ocłoń Paweł , Łopata Stanisław , Nowak Marzena 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The finite element method (FEM) is one of the most frequently used numerical methods for finding the approximate discrete point solution of partial differential equations (PDE). In this method, linear or nonlinear systems of equations, comprised after numerical discretization, are solved to obtain the numerical solution of PDE. The conjugate gradient algorithms are efficient iterative solvers for the large sparse linear systems. In this paper the performance of different conjugate gradient algorithms: conjugate gradient algorithm (CG), biconjugate gradient algorithm (BICG), biconjugate gradient stabilized algorithm (BICGSTAB), conjugate gradient squared algorithm (CGS) and biconjugate gradient stabilized algorithm with l GMRES restarts (BICGSTAB(l)) is compared when solving the steady-state axisymmetric heat conduction problem. Different values of l parameter are studied. The engineering problem for which this comparison is made is the two-dimensional, axisymmetric heat conduction in a finned circular tube.
On the efficient use of a lowtemperature heat source by the organic Rankine cycle
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Mikielewicz Jarosław 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The evaporation temperature is regarded as one of the major parameters influencing the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) efficiency. Majority of contributions in literature for ORC cycle analyses treat the heat source as if it had an infinite heat capacity. Such analyses are not valuable as the resulting temperature drops of the heat source needs to be small. That leads to the fact that the heat source is not well explored and in the case of waste heat utilization it can prove the poor economics of the ORC. In the present study cooperation of the ORC cycle with the heat source available as a single phase or phase changing fluids is considered. The analytical heat balance models have been developed, which enable in a simple way calculation of heating fluid temperature variation as well as the ratio of flow rates of heating and working fluids in ORC cycle. The developed analytical expressions enable also calculation of the outlet temperature of the heating fluid.
Selection of the rotor heat-up rate for supercritical parameter turbines
Authors: Rusin Andrzej , Lipka Marian , Łukowicz Henryk 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the numerical analyses for the steam turbine rotor, dedicated for the newly-designed 900 MW steam unit with supercritical steam parameters (650 °C, 30.0 MPa). Basing on the design calculations, an optimal design solution was determined. Review of the available literature on materials for turbine rotors with supercritical steam parameters was done. Then the start-ups of the turbine were simulated. Thermal and strength states were analyzed. As a result, an optimal start-up characteristic was obtained.
Role of phase angle measurement in electrical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Cseresnyés I. , Rajkai K. , Vozáry E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Importance of phase angle measurement during the application of electrical impedance spectroscopy was studied by executing pot experiments with maize. Electrical impedance, phase angle (strength of capacitive character), and dissipation factor in the plant-soil system were scanned between 100 and 10 000 Hz current frequency. The frequency-dependent change in the phase angle could be described by optimum curves culminating within 920-3 650 Hz. Since the rate of energy dissipation is independent of root extent, the higher phase angle and lower energy dissipation were associated with the higher coefficient of determination achieved for the root electrical impedance - root system size (root dry mass and root surface area) regressions. The characteristic frequency selected on the basis of phase angle spectra provided a higher significance level at statistical comparison of plant groups subjected to stress conditions influencing root development. Due to the physicochemical changes observable in aging root tissue, the apex of phase angle spectra, thus the characteristic frequency, shifted continuously toward the higher frequencies over time. Consequently, the regularly repeated phase angle measurement is advisable in time-course studies for effective application of the electrical impedance method, and the systematic operation at the same frequency without determination of phase angle spectra should be avoided.
Using satellite data for soil cation exchange capacity studies
Authors: Ghaemi M. , Astaraei A.R. , Sanaeinejad S.H. , Zare H. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This study was planned to examine the use of LandSat ETM+ images to develop a model for monitoring spatial variability of soil cation exchange capacity in a semi-arid area of Neyshaboor. 300 field data were collected from specific GPS registered points, 277 of which were error free, to be analysed in the soil laboratory.The statistical analysis showed that therewas a small R-Squared value, 0.17, when we used the whole data set. Visual interpretation of the graphs showed a trend among some of the data in the data set. Forty points were filtered based on the trends, and the statistical analysis was repeated for those data. It was discovered that the 40 series were more or less in the same environmental conditions; most of them were located in disturbed soils or abandoned lands with sparse vegetation cover. The soil was classified into high and medium salinity, with variable carbon (1.0 to 1.6%), heavy textured and with high silt and clay. Finally it was concluded that two different models could be fitted in the data based on their spatial dependency. The current models are able to explain spatial variability in almost 45 to 65% of the cases.
Case study of developing an integrated water and nitrogen scheme for agricultural systems on the North China Plain
Authors: Liu Y. , Tao F. , Luo Y. , Ma J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Appropriate irrigation and nitrogen fertilization, along with suitable crop management strategies, are essential prerequisites for optimum yields in agricultural systems. This research attempts to provide a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural production management for the North China Plain and other semi-arid regions. Based on a series of 72 treatments over 2003-2008, an optimized water and nitrogen scheme for winter wheat/summer maize cropping system was developed. Integrated systems incorporating 120 mm of water with 80 kg N ha-1 N fertilizer were used to simulate winter wheat yields in Hebei and 120 mm of water with 120 kg N ha-1 were used to simulate winter wheat yields in Shandong and Henan provinces in 2000-2007. Similarly, integrated treatments of 40 kg N ha-1 N fertilizer were used to simulate summer maize yields in Hebei, and 80 kg N ha-1 was used to simulate summer maize yields in Shandong and Henan provinces in 2000-2007. Under the optimized scheme, 341.74 107 mm ha-1 of water and 575.79 104 Mg of urea fertilizer could be saved per year under the wheat/maize rotation system. Despite slight drops in the yields of wheat and maize in some areas, water and fertilizer saving has tremendous long-term eco-environmental benefits.
Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds
Authors: Zare D. , Bakhshipour A. , Chen G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds were measured and compared at constant moisture content of 7.5% w.b. The average thousand mass of grain, mean length, mean width, mean thickness, equivalent diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density, bulk density and porosity were measured for cumin and caraway. There are significant differences (p<0.01) in most physical properties of cumin and caraway, except porosity and sphericity
Real-Time PCR and Immunocytochemical Study of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans after Scratch Wounding in Cultured Astrocytes / PCR I IMUNOCITOHEMIJSKA STUDIJA EKSPRESIJE HONDROITIN-SULFATNIH PROTEOGLIKANA NAKON POVREDE ASTROCITA U KULTURI
Authors: Parabucki Ana , Santrač Anja , Savić Danijela , Dacić Sanja , Bjelobaba Ivana , Peković Sanja , Stojiljković Mirjana 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Background: Various in vivo and in vitro models have been described in order to elucidate the pathobiology underlying the traumatic brain injury (TBI) and test potentially suitable treatments. Since TBI is a complex disease, models differ in regard to the aspect of TBI that is being investigated. One of the used in vitro models is the scratch wound assay, first established as a reproducible, low-cost assay for the analysis of cell migration in vitro. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the relevancy of this model as a counter- part of in vivo TBI models.
Methods: We have examined the astrocytic response to a mechanical injury in terms of expression of chondroitin sul- fate proteoglycans (CSPGs) - phosphacan, neurocan and brevican, using real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry.
Results: Our results indicate that in vitro scratch wounding alters the expression profile of examined CSPGs. Four hours after the scratch injury of the astrocytic monolayer, real-time PCR analysis revealed upregulation of mRNA levels for phos- phacan (3-fold) and neurocan (2-fold), whereas brevican mRNA was downregulated (2-fold). Immunofluorescent sig- nal for phosphacan and neurocan was more intense in astro- cytes close to the injury site, while brevican was scarcely present in cultured astrocytes.
Conclusions: Obtained results indicate that CSPGs are differ- entially expressed by astrocytes after scratch wounding, demonstrating that the scratch wound model might be suit- able for investigation of astrocyte-derived response to injury.
Prenatal Programming of Psychopathology: The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms / PRENATALNO PROGRAMIRANJE PSIHIJATRIJSKIH POREMEĆAJA: ULOGA EPIGENETSKIH MEHANIZAMA
Authors: Kundakovic Marija 
Published: October 2013

Summary
The Human Genome Project, completed ten years ago, widely opened the door for the field of Epigenetics as a new venue to study the causes of human disease and to search for predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a wide range of disorders. The field of behavioral and psychiatric epigenetics is still very young, but increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. The prenatal period is particularly vulnerable to epigenetic disruption, and it seems likely that adverse in utero environments can induce epigenetic dysregulation and predispose an individual to mental disease later in life. Emerging evidence from animal studies has shown that maternal exposure to drugs, stress, and toxicants can alter epigenetic gene programming in the brain and contribute to neurodevelopmental and behavioral deficits in the offspring. The evidence from human studies is more limited but is in agreement with animal data. Several human studies have shown that prenatal risk factors, such as maternal food deprivation and stressful life events, are associated with persistent epigenetic changes in genes that are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders and psychopathology. Although these studies support the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in prenatal programming of psychopathology, a collaborative effort of basic, clinical and epidemiological research is needed to advance this field. Nevertheless, this field holds great promise to facilitate our understanding of environmental contribution to human mental disease and to reveal new predictive biomarkers as well as preventive and therapeutic approaches for various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Gene Expression Studies: How to Obtain Accurate and Reliable Data by Quantitative Real-Time RT PCR / IZUČAVANJE EKSPRESIJE GENA: KAKO DOBITI TAČNE I POUZDANE PODATKE KVANTITATIVNIM RT PCR-OM U REALNOM VREMENU
Authors: Nestorov Jelena , Matić Gordana , Elaković Ivana , Tanić Nikola 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Real-time RT PCR has been recognized as an accurate, reliable and sensitive method for quantifying gene transcription. However, several steps preceding PCR represent critical points and source of inaccuracies. These steps include cell processing, RNA extraction, RNA storage, assessment of RNA concentration and cDNA synthesis. To compensate for potential variability introduced by the procedure, normalization of target gene expression has been established. Accurate normalization has become an absolute prerequisite for the correct quantification of gene expression. Several strategies are in use for the normalization of data, including normalization to sample size, to total RNA or to an internal reference. Among these, the use of housekeeping genes as an internal (endogenous) control is the most common approach. Given the increased sensitivity, reproducibility and large dynamic range of this methodology, the requirements for a proper reference gene for normalization have become increasingly stringent. The aim of this paper is to discuss the concept of normalization in mRNA quantification, as well as to discuss several statistical algorithms developed to help the validation of potential reference genes. By showing that the use of inappropriate endogenous control might lead to incorrect results and misinterpretation of experimental data, we are joining the creators of Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) in an attempt to convince scientists that proper validation of potential reference genes is an absolute prerequisite for correct normalization and, therefore, for providing accurate and reliable data by quantitative real-time RT PCR gene expression analyses.
The Influence of Personality Characteristics on Individual Competencies of Work Group Members: A Cross-cultural Study
Authors: Kodydek Georg , Hochreiter Ronald 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this article, we investigate how college students and graduates with diverse backgrounds experience working in groups by focusing on their perceptions regarding group work, attribution of leader coaching, and self-perspectives of personality traits. Moreover, this article explores relationships between personality factors (using the Big Five factors) and selected individual competencies from Bartram’s Great Eight Competencies (2005). We furthermore review current management research on competency management, personality, and also identify current trends for young professionals who are about to enter the job market. This study was conducted in an experimental setting at a large European business school. Participants were 80 business students from Austria, Turkey, China, and the United States of America with a fairly even gender split who had to work on tasks in homogeneous and heterogeneous settings. We assess participants’ ratings following Rammstedt and John’s Big Five Inventory (2007) and a modified version of Wageman, Hackman and Lehman’s Team Diagnostic Survey (2005) that we enhanced accordingly. Results are analyzed and discussed with relation to global challenges and developments regarding competencies, diversity, and group work.
Comparative Leisure Physical Activity: A Comparison Between Polish and European Population
Authors: Biernat Elżbieta , Piątkowska Monika 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Introduction and objective: In Poland, there are only a few studies that refer to the whole society’s participation in sport and recreation and that are based an the international questionnaire thus allowing for comparative analysis with other European reports. The aim of the study was to determine the association between leisure physical activity and socio-demographic variables. Methods: A survey based on CAPI was carried out in Poland from October to November 2012. A random sample of Polish adults (N=1,633) was interviewed using the IPAQ-long form. The data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures. Results: More than 21% of Polish subjects did not undertake any physical activity in their leisure time. Of those who were physically active, over 70% engaged in vigorous physical activity; only one in four respondents performed moderate physical activity or walking. The average leisure physical activity of the Poles was 1,916.9 ± 2,621 MET-min/week. A comparison of the current results and European research findings demonstrated that the median physical activity for the Polish population (MET-min/week) was similar to the median values for Czech subjects and Norwegian males and nearly three times higher than Croats. Conclusions: Insufficient participation in the conscious process of caring for one’s health is a common occurrence among adults living in the EU. In order to encourage the Polish population’s participation in physical activities, it is necessary to raise their awareness of the need of well-balanced, regular exercise. Furthermore, this study suggests that caution is warranted before using the CAPI technique to provide the IPAQ-long form survey.
Social Stratification in Japanese and Some Other Martial Arts: A Comparison and Discussion of Changes
Authors: Cynarski Wojciech J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract Using the humanistic theory of martial arts and martial arts sociology, the author attempts to describe and explain the relationship between social stratification and martial arts. He asks whether a person’s position in the martial arts environment is, today, dependent on social background. He asks: Who could practice with weapons, and which weapons, a hundred years ago? Who can study in the ancient fencing schools today? The analysis includes martial arts in ancient Japan, Europe and Brazil as well as today. He finds that positions originally went to those in the privileged classes or social strata. Today, this does not matter. It can be concluded that there is simply a generational transmission of interest within families. Position in the martial arts, as in many other areas, is part of a person’s long-term effort to determine their own position in society, or “position developed independently”. Martial arts are part of the farreaching democratization and leveling of society. Positions inherited from father to son arise only very rarely. This mainly now happens only in the ancient ancestral schools.
Lattice model with power-law spatial dispersion for fractional elasticity
Authors: Tarasov Vasily 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A lattice model with a spatial dispersion corresponding to a power-law type is suggested. This model serves as a microscopic model for elastic continuum with power-law non-locality. We prove that the continuous limit maps of the equations for the lattice with the power-law spatial dispersion into the continuum equations with fractional generalizations of the Laplacian operators. The suggested continuum equations, which are obtained from the lattice model, are fractional generalizations of the integral and gradient elasticity models. These equations of fractional elasticity are solved for two special static cases: fractional integral elasticity and fractional gradient elasticity.
Trends in Concussion Return-to-Play Timelines Among High School Athletes From 2007 Through 2009
Authors: McKeon Jennifer M. Medina , Livingston Scott C. , Reed Ashley , Hosey Robert G. , Black Williams S. , Bush Heather M. 
Published: October 2013

Context:
Whereas guidelines about return-to-play (RTP) after concussion have been published, actual prognoses remain elusive.

Objective:
To develop probability estimates for time until RTP after sport-related concussion.

Design:
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting:
High school.

Patients or Other Participants:
Injured high school varsity, junior varsity, or freshman athletes who participated in 1 of 13 interscholastic sports at 7 area high schools during the 2007–2009 academic years.

Intervention(s):
Athletic trainers employed at each school collected concussion data. The athletic trainer or physician on site determined the presence of a concussion. Athlete-exposures for practices and games also were captured.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Documented concussions were categorized by time missed from participation using severity outcome intervals (same-day return, 1- to 2-day return, 3- to 6-day return, 7- to 9-day return, 10- to 21-day return, &gt;21-day return, no return [censored data]). We calculated Kaplan-Meier time-to-event probabilities that included censored data to determine the probability of RTP at each of these time intervals.

Results:
A total of 81 new concussions were documented in 478 775 athlete-exposures during the study period. After a new concussion, the probability of RTP (95% confidence interval) was 2.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 6.9) for a 1- to 2-day return, 71.3% (95% confidence interval = 59.0, 82.9) for a 7- to 9-day return, and 88.8% (95% confidence interval = 72.0, 97.2) for a 10- to 21-day return.

Conclusions:
For high school athletes, RTP within the first 2 days after concussion was unlikely. After 1 week, the probability of return rose substantially (approximately 71%). Prognostic indicators are used to educate patients about the likely course of disease. Whereas individual symptoms and recovery times vary, prognostic time-to-event probabilities allow clinicians to provide coaches, parents, and athletes with a prediction of the likelihood of RTP within certain timeframes after a concussion.
Frostbite in an Adolescent Football Player: A Case Report
Authors: Rivlin Michael , King Marnie , Kruse Richard , Ilyas Asif M. 
Published: October 2013

Objective:To present the case of vascular compromise of a finger from a confluent circumferential blister due to an inappropriately applied commercial cold pack in a high school athlete and to describe the mechanism of iatrogenic injury, acute surgical management, rehabilitation, and pathophysiology of frostbite and constriction injuries.Background:A 17-year-old male football player presented with a frostbite and constriction injury to the index finger secondary to prolonged use of a cooling pack after a mild traumatic injury to the digit. He developed a prolonged sensory deficit from thermal injury, as well as acute vascular compromise requiring urgent operative intervention.Differential Diagnosis:Frostbite and constriction injury to the index finger.Treatment:Emergency surgical decompression and occupational therapy.Uniqueness:Frostbite injuries can occur iatrogenically because of inappropriate use of cooling devices or gel packs. Fingers are commonly injured extremities that are particularly susceptible to frostbite and compression injuries. To our knowledge, no case of vascular compromise from the blister constriction of digits has been reported.Conclusions:Patients and their caregivers must be educated about how to properly use cooling devices. Clinicians need to fully evaluate patients with iatrogenic frostbite injuries, giving particular attention to neurovascular status, and must recognize the need for surgical release of constriction syndrome to prevent substantial morbidity.
Short Probabilistic Proof of the Brascamp-Lieb and Barthe Theorems
Authors: Lehec Joseph 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe give a short proof of the Brascamp–Lieb theorem, which asserts that a certain general formof Young's convolution inequality is saturated by Gaussian functions. The argument is inspired by Borell's stochastic proof of the Prèkopa-Leindler inequality and applies also to the reversed Brascamp-Lieb inequality, due to Barthe.