bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMAR1 coordinates HDAC6-induced deacetylation of Ku70 and dictates cell fate upon irradiation
Authors: Chaudhary N , Nakka K K , Chavali P L , Bhat J , Chatterjee S , Chattopadhyay S 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAcetylation status of DNA end joining protein Ku70 dictates its function in DNA repair and Bax-mediated apoptosis. Despite the knowledge of HDACs and HATs that are reported to modulate the acetylation dynamics of Ku70, very little is known about proteins that critically coordinate these key modifications. Here, we demonstrate that nuclear matrix-associated protein scaffold/matrix-associated region-binding protein 1 (SMAR1) is a novel interacting partner of Ku70 and coordinates with HDAC6 to maintain Ku70 in a deacetylated state. Our studies revealed that knockdown of SMAR1 results in enhanced acetylation of Ku70, which leads to impaired recruitment of Ku70 in the chromatin fractions. Interestingly, ionizing radiation (IR) induces the expression of SMAR1 and its redistribution as distinct nuclear foci upon ATM-mediated phosphorylation at serine 370. Furthermore, SMAR1 regulates IR-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by facilitating Chk2 phosphorylation. Alternatively, SMAR1 provides radioresistance by modulating the association of deacetylated Ku70 with Bax, abrogating the mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Thus, we provide mechanistic insights of SMAR1-mediated regulation of repair and apoptosis via a complex crosstalk involving Ku70, HDAC6 and Bax.
Notch signaling regulates myogenic regenerative capacity of murine and human mesoangioblasts
Authors: Quattrocelli M , Costamagna D , Giacomazzi G , Camps J , Sampaolesi M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSomatic stem cells hold attractive potential for the treatment of muscular dystrophies (MDs). Mesoangioblasts (MABs) constitute a myogenic subset of muscle pericytes and have been shown to efficiently regenerate dystrophic muscles in mice and dogs. In addition, HLA-matched MABs are currently being tested in a phase 1 clinical study on Duchenne MD patients (EudraCT #2011-000176-33). Many reports indicate that the Notch pathway regulates muscle regeneration and satellite cell commitment. However, little is known about Notch-mediated effects on other resident myogenic cells. To possibly potentiate MAB-driven regeneration in vivo, we asked whether Notch signaling played a pivotal role in regulating MAB myogenic capacity. Through different approaches of loss- and gain-of-function in murine and human MABs, we determined that the interplay between Delta-like ligand 1 (Dll1)-activated Notch1 and Mef2C supports MAB commitment in vitro and ameliorates engraftment and functional outcome after intra-arterial delivery in dystrophic mice. Furthermore, using a transgenic mouse model of conditional Dll1 deletion, we demonstrated that Dll1 ablation, either on the injected cells, or on the receiving muscle fibers, impairs MAB regenerative potential. Our data corroborate the perspective of advanced combinations of cell therapy and signaling tuning to enhance therapeutic efficaciousness of somatic stem cells.
Transformations of the macromolecular landscape at mitochondria during DNA-damage-induced apoptotic cell death
Authors: Yadav N , Pliss A , Kuzmin A , Rapali P , Sun L , Prasad P , Chandra D 
Published: October 2014

AbstractApoptosis is a dynamic process regulated by mitochondrion critical for cellular respiration and survival. Execution of apoptosis is mediated by multiple protein signaling events at mitochondria. Initiation and progression of apoptosis require numerous apoptogenic factors that are either released from or sequestered in mitochondria, which may transform the biomolecular makeup of the organelle. In this communication, using Raman microspectroscopy, we demonstrate that transformation in biomolecular composition of mitochondrion may be used as apoptosis marker in an individual cell. For the first time, we show that significant changes occur in the concentrations of RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid constituents of mitochondria during apoptosis. The structural analysis of proteins on mitochondria demonstrated a decrease in α-helix secondary structure content, and an increase in the levels of random coils and β-sheets on mitochondria. This may represent an additional hallmark of apoptosis. Strikingly, we observed nearly identical changes in macromolecular content of mitochondria both in the presence and absence of a key proapoptotic protein, Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein). Increased DNA level in mitochondria corresponded with higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS production. Upregulation of polymerase-γ (POLG), mitochondrial helicase Twinkle, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in response to DNA damage correlated with increased mtDNA and RNA synthesis. Elevated activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes supports functional mitochondrial respiration during apoptosis. Thus, we define previously unknown dynamic correlation of macromolecular structure of mitochondria and apoptosis progression in the presence and absence of Bax protein. These findings open up a new approach for monitoring physiological status of cells by non invasive single-cell method.
Nanoencapsulation of ABT-737 and camptothecin enhances their clinical potential through synergistic antitumor effects and reduction of systemic toxicity
Authors: Schmid D , Jarvis G E , Fay F , Small D M , Greene M K , Majkut J , Spence S , McLaughlin K M , McCloskey K D , Johnston P G , Kissenpfennig A , Longley D B , Scott C J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe simultaneous delivery of multiple cancer drugs in combination therapies to achieve optimal therapeutic effects in patients can be challenging. This study investigated whether co-encapsulation of the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) in PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) was a viable strategy for overcoming their clinical limitations and to deliver both compounds at optimal ratios. We found that thrombocytopenia induced by exposure to ABT-737 was diminished through its encapsulation in NPs. Similarly, CPT-associated leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity were reduced compared with the administration of free CPT. In addition to the reduction of dose-limiting side effects, the co-encapsulation of both anticancer compounds in a single NP produced synergistic induction of apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models. This strategy may widen the therapeutic window of these and other drugs and may enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
Neuroglobin, a pro-survival player in estrogen receptor α-positive cancer cells
Authors: Fiocchetti M , Nuzzo M T , Totta P , Acconcia F , Ascenzi P , Marino M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecently, we reported that human neuroglobin (NGB) is a new player in the signal transduction pathways that lead to 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced neuron survival. Indeed, E2 induces in neuron mitochondria the enhancement of NGB level, which in turn impairs the activation of a pro-apoptotic cascade. Nowadays, the existence of a similar pathway activated by E2 in non-neuronal cells is completely unknown. Here, the role of E2-induced NGB upregulation in tumor cells is reported. E2 induced the upregulation of NGB in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MCF-7, HepG2, SK-N-BE, and HeLa cells transfected with estrogen receptor α (ERα), whereas E2 was unable to modulate the NGB expression in the ERα-devoid HeLa cells. Both transcriptional and extranuclear ERα signals were required for the E2-dependent upregulation of NGB in MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines. E2 stimulation modified NGB intracellular localization, inducing a significant reduction of NGB in the nucleus with a parallel increase of NGB in the mitochondria in both HepG2 and MCF-7 cells. Remarkably, E2 pretreatment did not counteract the H2O2-induced caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, as well as Bcl-2 overexpression in MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in which NGB was stably silenced by using shRNA lentiviral particles, highlighting the pivotal role of NGB in E2-induced antiapoptotic pathways in cancer cells. Present results indicate that the E2-induced NGB upregulation in cancer cells could represent a defense mechanism of E2-related cancers rendering them insensitive to oxidative stress. As a whole, these data open new avenues to develop therapeutic strategies against E2-related cancers.
Modification by covalent reaction or oxidation of cysteine residues in the tandem-SH2 domains of ZAP-70 and Syk can block phosphopeptide binding
Authors: Visperas Patrick R. , Winger Jonathan A. , Horton Timothy M. , Shah Neel H. , Aum Diane J. , Tao Alyssa , Barros Tiago , Yan Qingrong , Wilson Christopher G. , Arkin Michelle R. , Weiss Arthur , Kuriyan John 
Published: October 2014

Zeta-chain associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are essential for T-cell and B-cell antigen receptor signalling respectively. They are recruited, via their tandem-SH2 (Src-homology domain 2) domains, to doubly phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) on invariant chains of immune antigen receptors. Because of their critical roles in immune signalling, ZAP-70 and Syk are targets for the development of drugs for autoimmune diseases. We show that three thiol-reactive small molecules can prevent the tandem-SH2 domains of ZAP-70 and Syk from binding to phosphorylated ITAMs. We identify a specific cysteine residue in the phosphotyrosine-binding pocket of each protein (Cys39 in ZAP-70, Cys206 in Syk) that is necessary for inhibition by two of these compounds. We also find that ITAM binding to ZAP-70 and Syk is sensitive to the presence of H2O2 and these two cysteine residues are also necessary for inhibition by H2O2. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which the reactive oxygen species generated during responses to antigen could attenuate signalling through these kinases and may also inform the development of ZAP-70 and Syk inhibitors that bind covalently to their SH2 domains.
Discovery and characterization of a novel extremely acidic bacterial N-glycanase with combined advantages of PNGase F and A
Authors: Wang Ting , Cai Zhi P. , Gu Xiao Q. , Ma Hong Y. , Du Ya M. , Huang Kun , Voglmeir Josef , Liu Li 
Published: October 2014

Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidases [PNGases (peptide N-glycosidases), N-glycanases, EC 3.5.1.52] are essential tools in the release of N-glycans from glycoproteins. We hereby report the discovery and characterization of a novel bacterial N-glycanase from Terriglobus roseus with an extremely low pH optimum of 2.6, and annotated it therefore as PNGase H+. The gene of PNGase H+ was cloned and the recombinant protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PNGase H+ could liberate high mannose-, hybrid- and complex-type N-glycans including core α1,3-fucosylated oligosaccharides from both glycoproteins and glycopeptides. In addition, PNGase H+ exhibited better release efficiency over N-glycans without core α1,3-fucose compared with PNGase A. The facile expression, non-glycosylated nature, unusual pH optimum and broad substrate specificity of this novel type of N-glycanase makes recombinant PNGase H+ a versatile tool in N-glycan analysis.
Molecular basis of mycobacterial lipid antigen presentation by CD1c and its recognition by αβ T cells
Authors: Roy Sobhan , Ly Dalam , Li Nan-Sheng , Altman John D. , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Moody D. Branch , Adams Erin J. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceMycobacterium tuberculosisinfects more than one-third of humans yet no effective vaccine exists. This study shows how a subset of αβ T cells targetsM. tuberculosislipid antigens that are presented by the MHC molecule CD1c. In contrast to many T cells that recognize CD1d, these αβ T cells express diverse T-cell receptors and have differing footprints on CD1c during lipid recognition. This study also shows that some CD1c-specific αβ T cells are exquisitely specific for the lipid presented, whereas others have a more promiscuous reactivity, demonstrating that the αβ T-cell response to CD1c lipid presentation is diverse and adaptable. These data may provide additional resources for development of MHC-independent vaccines againstM. tuberculosis.
How Body Size and Food Availability Influence First‐Winter Growth and Survival of a Stocked Piscivore
Authors: Kallis Jahn L. , Marschall Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe first winter of life can play an important role in the success of age‐0 fishes. First‐winter survival is often size dependent, with larger fish exhibiting higher survival than small fish. Cohorts of age‐0 saugeye female Walleye Sander vitreus × male Sauger S. canadensis stocked into Ohio reservoirs exhibit overwinter shifts toward larger body sizes; however, it is unclear whether growth, size‐dependent mortality, or size‐dependent emigration underlie this phenomenon. Saugeye may experience low prey availability during the overwinter period, making them especially vulnerable to starvation. Furthermore, survivors emerging from winter in poor energetic condition may experience reduced spring foraging success and growth. We used a combination of overwinter PIT tag studies in the field and overwinter outdoor pool experiments to understand these direct and indirect effects of winter on survival and size distributions of cohorts of saugeye. Using PIT tags to allow us to track growth of individuals in reservoirs, we found that saugeye of all sizes increased in length over winter, there was no evidence of size‐dependent overwinter mortality, and rates of emigration out of the reservoir were greater for large saugeye than small saugeye. Thus, only growth rate, and not mortality or emigration biased toward small fish, can explain the observed overwinter shift in size distributions. In pool experiments, we found no direct effects of winter on survival, even in the complete absence of food, and no negative consequences of starvation over the winter on the ability of saugeye to resume feeding in the spring. Our results suggest that shifts in size distributions of first‐year cohorts over winter are driven by growth rather than mortality. Neither direct effects of first winter on survival nor indirect effects mediated through effects of starvation on future foraging ability are important in recruitment success of saugeye in Ohio reservoirs.Received March 18, 2014; accepted June 30, 2014
Thermal Performance of Three Rainbow Trout Strains at Above‐Optimal Temperatures
Authors: Hartman Kyle J. , Porto Michael A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStudies have predicted declines in trout habitat of over 50% given projected climate warming scenarios. Therefore, knowledge of the performance of trout strains at elevated temperature is critical for management of trout fisheries and trout strains under climate change. Our objectives were to compare the performance of three strains of Rainbow Trout Onchorynchus mykiss at elevated temperatures. We compared growth, consumption, and feed efficiency at 20°C and 22°C, and critical thermal maxima (CTM) among the strains. The Case Western strain is registered as a warm‐tolerant strain with the National Fish Strain Registry, and it did achieve a significantly higher CTM (31.29°C) than the Kamloops (31.14°C) but not the Wytheville (31.20°C) strain. Such small differences are likely not biologically significant. While the CTM of the Case Western strain was higher than that of the Kamloops, the Case Western strain consistently performed poorer than the other strains in feeding and growth experiments at 20°C and 22°C. Our results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that differences in thermal performance do exist between strains of trout. While there is debate about whether these differences are due to evolutionary adaptation to local environmental conditions or phenotypic plasticity, the differences being found in thermal performance of trout suggests future research aimed at improving thermal performance via thermal testing and selective breeding may yield stock with improved tolerance and growth at warmer temperatures.Received April 17, 2014; accepted June 24, 2014
Increasing Juvenile Coho Salmon Densities during Early Recolonization Have Not Affected Resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout Growth, Movement, or Survival
Authors: Buehrens T. W. , Kiffney P. , Pess G. R. , Bennett T. R. , Naman S. M. , Brooks G. , Quinn T. P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The process of salmon colonization in the upper Cedar River and Rock Creek, Washington, following the installation of a fish ladder at Landsburg Diversion Dam in 2003, offered an opportunity to measure the effects of interspecific interactions on the dynamics of resident fish populations. Rapid recolonization by Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch provided a natural experiment to determine the influence of Coho Salmon densities on the growth, movement, and survival of resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii clarkii relative to other abiotic and biotic factors such as habitat quality, environmental conditions, and conspecific density. During 14 seasonal sampling events from 2005 to 2009, we PIT-tagged 1,851 and recaptured 394 Cutthroat Trout in Rock Creek, collected habitat data, enumerated fish populations, and monitored fish movements with PIT tag antenna arrays. Trout growth varied significantly among seasons and was greatest during spring and early summer. Mean juvenile Coho Salmon density in summer and fall increased eightfold from 0.04 to 0.32 and from 0.08 to 0.68 fish/m2, respectively, approaching levels seen in established populations, but did not explain variation in trout growth, movement, or survival. Summer growth of trout parr and fry were both negatively correlated with the density of conspecifics but were positively correlated with total salmonid density. Additionally, trout parr growth was positively correlated with stream discharge, whereas trout fry growth was negatively correlated with initial size and declined during the course of the study. However, abiotic and biotic explanatory variables accounted for little of the variation in trout growth, movement, and survival, suggesting that a great deal of individual variation exists. Overall, trout were largely unaffected by Coho Salmon colonists despite large increases in juvenile Coho Salmon density, though this may change if salmon populations continue to grow.
Received October 18, 2013; accepted May 5, 2014
Adfluvial Life History in Spring Chinook Salmon from Quartzville Creek, Oregon
Authors: Romer Jeremy D. , Monzyk Fred R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Through spawning ground and snorkel surveys, we confirmed the presence of adfluvial spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in a tributary upstream from a high-head dam in the upper Willamette River in northwest Oregon. Spring Chinook Salmon previously had been extirpated above the dam but juvenile hatchery fish were released in the reservoir in subsequent years. In 2012, we recovered six carcasses of adfluvial Chinook Salmon adults, identified nine live adults, and recorded nine redds. Analyses of scales from carcasses revealed those fish were ages 5–6. Otolith microchemistry from an unmarked adult female Chinook Salmon did not indicate ocean residence, and no hatchery thermal marks were observed, suggesting this fish was the progeny of adfluvial adults. In 2013, we observed one live, unclipped adult and three juvenile Chinook Salmon. We conclude that adfluvial spring Chinook Salmon exist in Green Peter Reservoir and successfully reproduce. This is the first documentation of adfluvial Chinook Salmon in Oregon, and this unusual life history should be considered in the context of research, monitoring, and recovery actions pertaining to ongoing reintroduction programs for threatened Willamette River spring Chinook Salmon above dams.
Received February 21, 2014; accepted May 7, 2014
Evaluating the Accuracy and Precision of Multiple Abundance Estimators Using State-Space Models: A Case Study for a Threatened Population of Chinook Salmon in Johnson Creek, Idaho
Authors: Chasco Brandon E. , Ward Eric J. , Hesse Jay A. , Rabe Craig , Kinzer Ryan , Vogel Jason L. , Orme Rick 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Over the last century, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations in the Pacific Northwest have experienced dramatic declines, leading to many of them being listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The abundance of these threatened populations relative to the thresholds for delisting remains the primary metric for assessing recovery, yet determining the true population abundances from multiple survey types with unknown levels of accuracy and precision remains difficult. The abundance of the spring–summer Chinook Salmon population in Johnson Creek, Idaho, has been measured using a mark–recapture survey and three different redd count surveys (RCSs) that vary temporally and spatially. Using a state-space model, we determined the accuracy and precision of each survey type by decoupling the observation error of the survey from the process error describing the annual variability in the true population abundance. We then extended the results of the model to determine the risk of managers’ incorrectly delisting the population (a type I error) or incorrectly keeping it listed (a type II error). Finally, we show that salmon managers with data-limited populations (primarily those with only single-pass index RCSs) might use the results of our risk analysis to determine whether expanding survey efforts to minimize management risks is appropriate when they are confronted with dwindling financial resources. For example, we determined that although both the multiple-pass extended RCS (CV = 0.06) and mark–recapture surveys (CV = 0.14) provide unbiased estimates of salmon abundance in Johnson Creek, the mark–recapture study can have annual costs that are 30–100 times greater. Managers may determine that directing research funds toward acquiring information unique to weir-based mark–recapture surveys (i.e., migration timing, good genetics samples, etc.) may not be justified for all populations.
Received October 7, 2013; accepted March 5, 2014
Effect of Fishing Success on Angler Satisfaction on a Central Oregon Rainbow Trout Fishery: Implications for Establishing Management Objectives
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Porter Timothy K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between fish populations, fishing success, and angler satisfaction is critical for effective fisheries management. Our objectives were to quantify angler satisfaction in a fishery for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in central Oregon and examine the factors influencing angler satisfaction. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of several variables, including fishing success, on angler satisfaction. Measures of fishing success were present in all of the top candidate models. The probability of an increase in angler satisfaction rating was positively related to mean length and number of fish caught per hour. However, younger anglers tended to have higher satisfaction ratings at lower mean length and catch rates of fish than did older anglers. These models provided information on the expected percentage of anglers that will be satisfied given the average length of fish caught and the number of fish caught per hour. These results can be used to establish quantitative, measurable, management objectives that will satisfy desired percentages of anglers and lead to more effective fisheries management.
Received February 9, 2014; accepted May 27, 2014