bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple neurofibromas as the presenting feature of familial atypical multiple malignant melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome
Authors: Vanneste Rachel , Smith Erika , Graham Gail 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMutations in the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor‐2A (CDKN2A) gene have been associated with a number of malignancies, most notably cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Mutations in this gene have also been associated with pancreatic cancer and breast cancer, as well as astrocytomas and other nervous system tumors (NST). Among NST, rare solitary internal neurofibromas have been reported, but multiple cutaneous neurofibromas have only been described in two families. In the first family, the affected individuals all carried a heterozygous G > C mutation at the splice acceptor site of intron 1 resulting in skipping of CDKN2A exon 2, while the affected individuals in the second family had a deletion that encompassed the whole CDKN2A/CDKN2B/ANRIL locus. We now report on a proposita presenting with multiple biopsy‐proven cutaneous neurofibromas and a solitary spinal neurofibroma found to have a deletion of 14 nucleotides in exon 2 of CDKN2A, providing further evidence that p14, p16, and/or ANRIL are specifically involved in the pathogenesis of neurofibromas as a feature of the familial atypical multiple malignant melanoma spectrum. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ritually breakingLapita pots: or, can we get into the minds ofOceanic first settlers? A discussion
Authors: Sand Christophe , Marshall Yvonne , Sheppard Peter , Spriggs Matthew , Chiu Scarlett , Sand Christophe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne of the striking characteristics of Lapita archaeology during the past century has been the very limited number of preserved whole or nearly whole pots found in excavations. This appears odd for ceramics mostly interpreted in the scientific literature as non‐utilitarian and carrying social or ritual symbolism. The clear connection between dentate‐stamped pots and complex burial rituals at theTeouma site (Vanuatu), along with studies on pottery breakage carried out in other parts of the world, allows the canvassing of a theoretical model that explains the apparent absence of logic in finding numerous Lapita pots reduced to small potsherds. By positioning the analysis in a framework relying on the specific behaviour ofPacificIslanders regarding the “invisible” and by using ethnographicMelanesian rituals as examples of how “natural forces” can be controlled, this paper proposes a hypothetical reconstruction of one of the possible ceremonies that may have been practiced byOceanic explorers in newly settled islands.
Adaptive Decoupling Control of Pulp Levels in Flotation Cells
Authors: Li Haibo , Chai Tianyou , Fu Jun , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractControl of the pulp levels in flotation cells directly affects the grade of the concentrate and the tailings in a concentration plant. Nevertheless, with strong coupling among cell levels and nonlinearities in the flotation process, conventional control strategies cannot achieve satisfactory control performance. In this paper, a nonlinear multi‐model adaptive decoupling control strategy based on adaptive‐network‐based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) is proposed for the flotation process, which includes a linear adaptive decoupling controller, an ANFIS‐based nonlinear adaptive decoupling controller, and a switching mechanism. The proposed method not only improves the transient performance and mitigates effects of the nonlinearities on the system, but also guarantees the input‐output stability of the closed‐loop system. Successful application to the flotation process has been made in a concentration plant in China, and the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method have been validated.
Separated Maneuvering Target Tracking Algorithm Along with Three Cartesian Coordinates for Three‐Dimension Radar
Authors: Zhang Shicang , Li Jianxun , Wu Liangbin , Zhou Yan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhen tracking a maneuvering target with a three‐dimensional radar, which can measure range, azimuth, and elevation of the targets, block processing managed by a Markov chain is often adopted under the framework of the interactive multiple model (IMM) estimator. However, tracking performance may degrade because different maneuvers influence each other among three Cartesian coordinates. In order to solve this problem, this paper presents a separated maneuvering target tracking algorithm. First, it formulates the diagonalization and minimization of the upper bound of the modified converted measurement noise covariance matrix as an optimization problem. Then, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this optimization problem are demonstrated. Finally, it exploits the IMM algorithm to estimate the target states along with each Cartesian coordinate separately. The tracking performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the square root IMM with L‐D factorization, IMM with sequential importance sampling particles, and multiple‐model estimation with model‐group switching. Monte‐Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the root mean square error of the proposed tracking algorithm is lower than that of the above algorithms for maneuvering target tracking.
Long‐Lived, Directional Photoinduced Charge Separation in RuII Complexes Bearing Laminate Polypyridyl Ligands
Authors: Majewski Marek B. , de Tacconi Norma R. , MacDonnell Frederick M. , Wolf Michael O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRuII complexes incorporating both amide‐linked bithiophene donor ancillary ligands and laminate acceptor ligands; dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (dppz), tetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐h:2′′′,3′′′‐j]phenazine (tpphz), and 9,11,20,22‐tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐l:2′′′,3′′′]‐pentacene (tatpp) exhibit long‐lived charge separated (CS) states, which have been analyzed using time‐resolved transient absorption (TA), fluorescence, and electronic absorption spectroscopy in addition to ground state electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements. These complexes possess two electronically relevant 3MLCT states related to electron occupation of MOs localized predominantly on the proximal “bpy‐like” portion and central (or distal) “phenazine‐like” portion of the acceptor ligand as well as energetically similar 3LC and 3ILCT states. The unusually long excited state lifetimes (τ up to 7 μs) observed in these complexes reflect an equilibration of the 3MLCTprox or 3MLCTdist states with additional triplet states, including a 3LC state and a 3ILCT state that formally localizes a hole on the bithiophene moiety and an electron on the laminate acceptor ligand. Coordination of a ZnII ion to the open coordination site of the laminate acceptor ligand is observed to significantly lower the energy of the 3MLCTdist state by decreasing the magnitude of the excited state dipole and resulting in much shorter excited state lifetimes. The presence of the bithiophene donor group is reported to substantially extend the lifetime of these Zn adducts via formation of a 3ILCT state that can equilibrate with the 3MLCTdist state. In tpphz complexes, ZnII coordination can reorder the energy of the 3MLCTprox and 3MLCTdist states such that there is a distinct switch from one state to the other. The net result is a series of complexes that are capable of forming CS states with electron–hole spatial separation of up to 14 Å and possess exceptionally long lifetimes by equilibration with other triplet states.
Comparison of methodological data measurement limits in CD4+ T lymphocyte flow cytometric enumeration and their clinical impact on HIV management
Authors: Whitby Liam , Whitby Alison , Fletcher Matthew , Helbert Matthew , Reilly John T. , Barnett David 
Published: April 2013

UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping, an ILAC G13:2000 accredited External Quality Assessment (EQA) organization, with over 3000 international laboratories participating in 14 programmes, issues 2 proficiency testing samples of stabilized whole blood to 824 participants in the Immune Monitoring (lymphocyte subset) programme every two months. We have undertaken a study of 58,626 flow cytometric absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte count data sets from these laboratories over a 12‐year‐period (2001–2012) to determine counting method variation in data measurement limits and how this could influence the clinical management of HIV patients.Comparison of relative error and 99.9% confidence limits for absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte values was undertaken using dual platform (DP) and single platform (SP) data and showed that the SP consistently outperformed DP, giving lower relative errors and confidence limits at clinically significant absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Our data shows that absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte counts should be obtained using single platform technology to reduce the variability at clinically relevant levels. On data where results (irrespective of platform) were below the international treatment threshold of 350 cells/μl, there was no significant misclassification between either SP or DP techniques meaning most patients would receive the correct treatment at the correct time. However, results that were above the treatment level of 350 cells/μl had a significant difference (P = 0.04) between DP and SP platforms, suggesting patients monitored using DP technology were 20% more likely to start therapy prematurely than those monitored with SP technology. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Removing redundant TCP functionalities in wired‐cum‐wireless networks with IEEE 802.11e HCCA support
Authors: Navarro‐Ortiz Jorge , Ameigeiras Pablo , Ramos‐Munoz Juan J. , Lopez‐Soler Juan M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe TCP was originally designed for wired networks, assuming transmission errors were negligible. Actually, any acknowledgment time‐out unconditionally triggers the congestion control mechanism, even in wireless networks in which this assumption is not valid. Consequently, in wireless networks, TCP performance significantly degrades. To avoid this degradation, this paper proposes the so‐called split TCP and UDP. In this approach, the access point splits the TCP connection and uses a customized and lighter transport protocol for the wireless segment. It takes advantage of the IEEE 802.11e Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) mechanisms to remove redundant TCP functionalities. Specifically, the HCCA scheduler allows disabling of the congestion control in the wireless link. Similarly, the IEEE 802.11e error control service makes possible to eliminate TCP acknowledgments, therefore reducing the TCP protocol overhead. Finally, the usage of an HCCA scheduler permits providing fairness among the different data flows. The proposed split scheme is evaluated via extensive simulations. Results show that split TCP and User Datagram Protocol outperforms the analyzed TCP flavors—specifically designed for wireless environments—and the split TCP solution, achieving up to 95% of end‐user throughput gain. Furthermore, the proposed solution is TCP friendly because TCP flows are not degraded by the presence of flows by using this approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BOX Structures with Additional Coordination Sites: Potential Ligands for Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Seifermann Stefan M. , Muller Thierry , Bräse Stefan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of four new bis(oxazoline) (BOX) derivatives bearing two additional coordination sites at the 4,4′‐positions is presented. As these BOX scaffolds contain an unsubstituted methylene bridge, they should be capable of forming neutral metal complexes. Thus, these molecules are very interesting ligands for bifunctional catalysis. In addition, one BOX scaffold bearing two azide moieties was successfully employed in copper‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The resulting products have yet again high ligand potential.
Toxicity of magnesium pulses to tropical freshwater species and the development of a duration-based water quality guideline
Authors: Hogan Alicia C. , Trenfield Melanie A. , Harford Andrew J. , van Dam Rick A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Six freshwater species (Chlorella sp., Lemna aequinoctialis, Amerianna cumingi, Hydra viridissima, Moinodaphnia macleayi, and Mogurnda mogurnda) were exposed to 4-h, 8-h, and 24-h Mg pulses in natural creek water. Magnesium toxicity to all species increased with exposure duration; however, the extent of increase and the nature of the relationship differed greatly between species. Based on median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s), and compared with continuous exposure data from a previous study, the increase in toxicity with increasing exposure duration from 4 h to continuous (72–144 h) ranged from approximately 2-fold for Chlorella sp. and H. viridissima to greater than 40-fold for A. cumingi. Moreover, the form of the relationship between Mg toxicity and duration ranged from linear or near-linear to exponential for different species. The life-stage at which M. macleayi was exposed was important, with cladocerans pulsed at the onset of reproductive maturity being approximately 4 times more sensitive (based on IC50s) than younger than 6-h-old neonates. Species sensitivity distributions were constructed for the 4-h, 8-h, and 24-h pulse durations, from which 99% species protection guideline values (95% confidence limits [CLs]) of 94 (6.4–1360) mg/L, 14 (0.5–384) mg/L, and 8.0 (0.5–144) mg/L Mg, respectively, were derived. These values were plotted against exposure duration (h) and polynomial interpolation used to derive a guideline value for any pulse duration within the range assessed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1969–1980. © 2013 Commonwealth of Australia. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry © 2013 SETAC
The effect of spinal cord stimulation frequency in experimental painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Pluijms W.A. , van Kleef M. , Honig W.M. , Janssen S.P. , Joosten E.A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to be an effective treatment for painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDP). An increase of efficacy is needed since only 67% of patients benefit from SCS. This study aimed to develop an animal model for SCS in PDP and study the effect of various stimulation frequencies on the functional outcome. As the pathophysiology of PDP is complex, including vasoconstriction and nerve injury, the frequency of SCS may result in different outcomes.MethodsDiabetes mellitus was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 8‐week‐old female Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 76; glucose >15 mmol/L; n = 51). A SCS device was implanted at level Th13 4 weeks later. SCS of the dorsal columns was applied for 30 min and the effect on mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated.ResultsMechanical hypersensitivity developed in 26 rats, which were included (low‐frequency, n = 6; mid‐frequency, n = 8; high frequency, n = 9; and sham, n = 3). SCS of the dorsal columns was applied for 40 min, and the effect on mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated. In all treatment groups, SCS resulted in reversal of mechanical hypersensitivity and a clinically relevant reduction was achieved in 70% of animals. No differences in efficacy were found between the different treatment groups.ConclusionsThe pain‐relieving effect of SCS in PDP was studied in an experimental model. Our study shows that SCS on mechanical hypersensitivity in PDP rats is equally effective when applied at low, mid and high frequency.
Influence of a ground‐based VLF radio transmitter on the inner electron radiation belt
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Albert J. M. , Starks M. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObserved signatures of electron precipitation from the inner radiation belt are shown to be consistent with the theory of resonant scattering by whistler‐mode plasma waves, assuming the waves originate in VLF radio transmissions from the ground station NWC. The conclusion is based on a stochastic model of electron transport that includes pitch angle diffusion, radial diffusion, energy loss, and azimuthal drift. The wave scattering causes an increase in quasi‐trapped electron intensity, forming the “wisp” signature, and a corresponding decrease in stably trapped intensity at low altitude. A smaller decrease at high altitude is expected to be obscured by inward radial diffusion. If NWC were shut down, the resulting increase in stably trapped electron intensity would be minimal.
The propagation of transient wave packets in highly dissipative media
Authors: Walterscheid R. L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe group velocity of a wave packet is defined in terms of the central wave number. Because of scale‐dependent dissipation, the central wave number migrates to lower values as transient wave packets propagate through dissipative media. The importance of this effect is greater the broader the bandwidth of the wave packet is or the more localized it is spatially. For modest localization, the migration of the central wave number significantly accelerates the vertical motion of wave packets and allows propagation to significantly greater altitudes before packets are substantially dissipated. Wave packets may experience significant attenuation due to dispersion before they begin to experience strong viscous dissipation.
Gyro‐resonant scattering of radiation belt electrons during the solar minimum by fast magnetosonic waves
Authors: Shprits Yuri Y. , Runov Andrei , Ni Binbin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the current study, we perform statistical analysis of the magnetosonic (MS) waves (also often referred to as extremely low frequency (ELF) equatorial noise) in the range between the ion cyclotron frequency and the lower hybrid resonance frequency within 10° of the magnetic equator. Observations were made between 2 and 9 RE using THEMIS Filter Bank (FBK) data. ELF waves with spectral power exceeding 10−6 nT2/Hz are registered in ~3% of all samples in the inner magnetosphere. The survey has shown that, during the solar minimum, the average amplitude of equatorial ELF waves is less than 0.025 nT. Interpreting ELF events as MS waves, we have evaluated the corresponding wave‐induced resonant scattering coefficients of radiation belt energetic electrons. We also study the effect of heavy ions on the scattering rates. The analysis reveals that the scattering by magnetosonic waves for various plasma compositions during geomagnetically quiet times is by up to two orders of magnitude slower than was previously reported and cannot significantly contribute to the long‐term dynamics of the radiation belts. Computed electron scattering rates by magnetosonic waves extends to higher αeq when the fraction of H+ in the plasma decreases, while the range of pitch angles for which resonance occurs remains relatively insensitive to the plasma composition. While inclusion of multi‐ion species into the wave dispersion relation produces noticeable changes in bounce‐averaged scattering rates, the average rates are still significantly below typical scattering rates of chorus or hiss waves.
Electrodynamics of the high‐latitude trough: Its relationship with convection flows and field‐aligned currents
Authors: Zou Shasha , Moldwin Mark B. , Nicolls Michael J. , Ridley Aaron J. , Coster Anthea J. , Yizengaw Endawoke , Lyons Larry R. , Donovan Eric F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe present a detailed case study of the electrodynamics of a high‐latitude trough observed at ~ 12 UT (~1 MLT) on 8 March 2008 using multiple instruments, including incoherent scattering radar (ISR), GPS total electron content (TEC), magnetometers, and auroral imager. The electron density within the trough dropped as much as 80% within 6 minutes. This trough was collocated with a counterclockwise convection flow vortex, indicating divergent horizontal electric fields and currents. Together with a collocated dark area shown in auroral images, the observations provide strong evidence for an existence of downward field‐aligned currents (FACs) collocated with the high‐latitude trough. This is further supported by assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics results. In addition, the downward FACs formed at about the same time as a substorm onset and east of the Harang reversal, suggesting it is part of the substorm current wedge. It has long been a puzzle why this type of high‐latitude trough predominantly occurs just east of the Harang reversal in the postmidnight sector. We suggest that the high‐latitude trough is associated with the formation of downward FACs of the substorm current system, which usually occur just east of the Harang reversal. In addition, we find that the ionospheric electron temperature within the high latitude trough decreases in the F region while increasing in the E region. We discuss possible mechanisms responsible for the complex change in electron temperature, such as ion composition change and/or presence of downward FACs.
Synthetic four‐solar‐cycle solar wind at 1 AU generated from the OMNI data set
Authors: Thatcher L.J. , Müller H.‐R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNumerical modeling provides key insights into the physics of the outer heliosphere. The solar wind data utilized by these models impact their accuracy and should be as close as possible to the actual solar wind. Because of the time scales involved, such a data set should also span several solar cycles. Yet the bulk of solar wind measurements in such a time frame was obtained near Earth. A method to infer the solar wind at points not directly observed is developed such that a 1 AU ring in the ecliptic plane is filled with four solar cycles of solar wind data. Hourly OMNI data are used as the seed data. The OMNI data are separated into four separate categories, and those categories are first extrapolated, generating a continuous 2‐D category map of the solar wind for the full four solar cycles covered by OMNI. The category map is used to determine solar wind characteristics. The solar wind values are determined by local running averages coupled with a random walk technique. The averages provide baseline values and the random walk adds short‐duration deviations from this baseline. The statistics from the extrapolated data are compared to the statistics of the original OMNI data set. Category durations, relative coverage, variable distributions, and correlations are similar to those of the OMNI data, although with some discrepancies.
Simultaneity of Forbush decrease events observed at middle‐latitude neutron monitors
Authors: Lee Seongsuk , Oh Suyeon , Yi Yu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGround neutron monitors (NMs) sometimes observe a sudden reduction in galactic cosmic ray intensity—the so‐called Forbush decrease (FD) event. Such events are mainly associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections passing around the Earth and corotating interaction regions in the heliosphere. Some FD events are observed globally, either simultaneously or nonsimultaneously, at different NM stations in the case that the simultaneity is determined by the overlapping of the FD main phase, with the period of the cosmic ray intensity decreasing before returning to a steady state. Previous studies have identified two types of FD events with statistically significant differences in the distributions of the main phase onset time. It has been hypothesized that simultaneous FD events occur when a strong magnetic cloud passes by the Earth through the central part of the magnetic barrier, whereas nonsimultaneous events occur if a weaker magnetic cloud passes on the duskside of the magnetosphere. However, the previous statistical analyses were performed using only data from high geomagnetic latitude NM stations in the Northern Hemisphere. To address this shortcoming and to further test the above hypothesis, we repeated the analysis using data from NM stations located at middle latitudes (Jungfraujoch, Irkutsk, and Climax), employing cutoff rigidities 3–6 GV for the last solar maximum period (1998–2002), spanning the same time period as Oh et al. (2008) that employed high‐latitude NM stations. The results of the present statistical analysis support the above hypothesis with high confidence levels.