bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA in the Criminal Justice System: The DNA Success Story in Perspective,
Authors: Mapes Anna A. , Kloosterman Ate D. , de Poot Christianne J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCurrent figures on the efficiency of DNA as an investigative tool in criminal investigations only tell part of the story. To get the DNA success story in the right perspective, we examined all forensic reports from serious (N = 116) and high‐volume crime cases (N = 2791) over the year 2011 from one police region in the Netherlands. These data show that 38% of analyzed serious crime traces (N = 384) and 17% of analyzed high‐volume crime traces (N = 386) did not result in a DNA profile. Turnaround times (from crime scene to DNA report) were 66 days for traces from serious crimes and 44 days for traces from high‐volume crimes. Suspects were truly identified through a match with the Offender DNA database of the Netherlands in 3% of the serious crime cases and in 1% of the high‐volume crime cases. These data are important for both the forensic laboratory and the professionals in the criminal justice system to further optimize forensic DNA testing as an investigative tool.
Prolonged pegylated liposomal doxorubicin treatment for recurrent pelvic cancers: a feasibility study
Authors: Rabinovich Alex , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Lau Susie , Gotlieb Walter H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe conducted a proof of concept study evaluating prolonged treatment with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for recurrent ovarian, tubal and peritoneal carcinoma. Thirteen consecutive patients received an average of 22.6 cycles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, with an average cumulative dose of 1409 mg/m2. Progression‐free survival at 18 months was 61.5%, and was longer than the previous progression‐free survival in 10 of the 13 patients. Overall 5‐year survival was 78.8%. Despite prolonged use and relatively large cumulative doses of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, most of the patients had mild to moderate side‐effects, none of the patients had detectable cardio‐toxic side‐effects, and a positive impact on the performance status was noticed. Thus, in our group of patients, continued pegylated liposomal doxorubicin treatment was associated with a longer progression‐free interval and allowed improved performance status with manageable toxicity.
Emergency peripartum hysterectomy: results from the prospective Nordic Obstetric Surveillance Study (NOSS)
Authors: Jakobsson Maija , Tapper Anna‐Maija , Colmorn Lotte Berdiin , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Klungsøyr Kari , Krebs Lone , Børdahl Per E. , Gottvall Karin , Källén Karin , Bjarnadóttir Ragnheiður I. , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Gissler Mika ,   the NOSS study group
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and risk factors of emergency peripartum hysterectomy.DesignNordic collaborative study.Population605 362 deliveries across the five Nordic countries.MethodsWe collected data prospectively from patients undergoing emergency peripartum hysterectomy within 7 days of delivery from medical birth registers and hospital discharge registers. Control populations consisted of all other women delivering on the same units during the same time period.Main outcome measuresEmergency peripartum hysterectomy rate.ResultsThe total number of emergency peripartum hysterectomies reached 211, yielding an incidence rate of 3.5/10 000 (95% confidence interval 3.0–4.0) births. Finland had the highest prevalence (5.1) and Norway the lowest (2.9). Primary indications included an abnormally invasive placenta (n = 91, 43.1%), atonic bleeding (n = 69, 32.7%), uterine rupture (n = 31, 14.7%), other bleeding disorders (n = 12, 5.7%), and other indications (n = 8, 3.8%). The delivery mode was cesarean section in nearly 80% of cases. Previous cesarean section was reported in 45% of women. Both preterm and post‐term birth increased the risk for emergency peripartum hysterectomy. The number of stillbirths was substantially high (70/1000), but the case fatality rate stood at 0.47% (one death, maternal mortality rate 0.17/100 000 deliveries).ConclusionsA combination of prospective data collected from clinicians and information gathered from register‐based databases can yield valuable data, improving the registration accuracy for rare, near‐miss cases. However, proper and uniform clinical guidelines for the use of well‐defined international diagnostic codes are still needed.
From emergent literacy to reading: how learning to read changes a child's brain
Authors: Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi , Hutton John S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ability to comprehend language is uniquely human. Behavioural and neuroimaging data reinforce the importance of intact oral language as foundational for the establishment of proficient reading. However, proficient reading is achieved not only via intact biological systems, but also a stimulating Home Literacy Environment.ConclusionBehavioural and neuroimaging correlates for linguistic ability and literacy exposure support the engagement of neural circuits related to reading acquisition.
Conscious Vision in Action
Authors: Briscoe Robert , Schwenkler John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIt is natural to assume that the fine‐grained and highly accurate spatial information present in visual experience is often used to guide our bodily actions. Yet this assumption has been challenged by proponents of the Two Visual Systems Hypothesis (TVSH), according to which visuomotor programming is the responsibility of a “zombie” processing stream whose sources of bottom‐up spatial information are entirely non‐conscious (Clark, 2007, 2009; Goodale & Milner, 1992, 2004a; Milner & Goodale, 1995/2006, 2008). In many formulations of TVSH, the role of conscious vision in action is limited to “recognizing objects, selecting targets for action, and determining what kinds of action, broadly speaking, to perform” (Clark, 2007, p. 570). Our aim in this study is to show that the available evidence not only fails to support this dichotomous view but actually reveals a significant role for conscious vision in motor programming, especially for actions that require deliberate attention.
Multiscale Modeling of Gene–Behavior Associations in an Artificial Neural Network Model of Cognitive Development
Authors: Thomas Michael S. C. , Forrester Neil A. , Ronald Angelica 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the multidisciplinary field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, statistical associations between levels of description play an increasingly important role. One example of such associations is the observation of correlations between relatively common gene variants and individual differences in behavior. It is perhaps surprising that such associations can be detected despite the remoteness of these levels of description, and the fact that behavior is the outcome of an extended developmental process involving interaction of the whole organism with a variable environment. Given that they have been detected, how do such associations inform cognitive‐level theories? To investigate this question, we employed a multiscale computational model of development, using a sample domain drawn from the field of language acquisition. The model comprised an artificial neural network model of past‐tense acquisition trained using the backpropagation learning algorithm, extended to incorporate population modeling and genetic algorithms. It included five levels of description—four internal: genetic, network, neurocomputation, behavior; and one external: environment. Since the mechanistic assumptions of the model were known and its operation was relatively transparent, we could evaluate whether cross‐level associations gave an accurate picture of causal processes. We established that associations could be detected between artificial genes and behavioral variation, even under polygenic assumptions of a many‐to‐one relationship between genes and neurocomputational parameters, and when an experience‐dependent developmental process interceded between the action of genes and the emergence of behavior. We evaluated these associations with respect to their specificity (to different behaviors, to function vs. structure), to their developmental stability, and to their replicability, as well as considering issues of missing heritability and gene–environment interactions. We argue that gene–behavior associations can inform cognitive theory with respect to effect size, specificity, and timing. The model demonstrates a means by which researchers can undertake multiscale modeling with respect to cognition and develop highly specific and complex hypotheses across multiple levels of description.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults with advanced hodgkin's disease: high incidence of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Piñana José Luis , Sanz Jaime , Esquirol Albert , Martino Rodrigo , Picardi Alessandra , Barba Pere , Parody Rocio , Gayoso Jorge , Montesinos Pau , Guidi Stefano , Terol Maria José , Moscardó Federico , Solano Carlos , Arcese William , Sanz Miguel A. , Sierra Jorge , Sanz Guillermo ,   GETH GITMO groups
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report the outcome of 30 consecutive patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) who underwent single‐unit UCBT. Most (90%) patients had failed previous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimens were based on combinations of thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide or fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin. The cumulative incidence (CI) of myeloid engraftment was 90% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 74–98%] with a median of 18 d (range, 10–48). CI of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) grades II–IV was 30% (95% C.I., 17–44%), while the incidence of chronic GVHD was 42% (95% C.I., 23–77%). The non‐relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 d and 4 yr was 30% (95% C.I., 13–46%) and 47% (95% C.I., 29–65%), respectively. EBV‐related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV‐PTLD) accounted for more than one‐third of transplant‐related death, with an estimate incidence of 26% (95% C.I., 9–44). The incidence of relapse at 4 yr was 25% (95% C.I., 9–42%). Four‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 28% and 30%, respectively. Despite a high NRM and an unexpected high incidence of EBV‐PTLD, UCBT in heavily pretreated HD patients is an option for patients lacking a suitable adult donor, provided the disease is not in refractory relapse.
Complex alterations in microglial M1/M2 markers during the development of epilepsy in two mouse models
Authors: Benson Melissa J. , Manzanero Silvia , Borges Karin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo characterize the changes in microglial proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 marker expression during epileptogenesis in the chronic pilocarpine and intrahippocampal kainate models.MethodsM1‐activated microglia express proinflammatory cytokines driving infiltration of cells, whereas M2‐activated microglia are more reparative, promoting phagocytosis of debris and expression of proteins associated with cellular stability and repair. Microglial markers were characterized as acute (3 days after status epilepticus [SE]), early chronic (21 days post‐SE), and late chronic epileptic (5–12 months post‐SE) time points. Following pilocarpine‐SE, microglial markers were assessed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of selected M1 (interleukin [IL] 1β, tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα] cluster of differentiation [CD],CD16, and CD86), interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], interleukin‐12 [IL‐12], Fc receptors 16, and CD86) and M2 (arginase 1 [Arg1], chitinase‐3‐like protein [Ym1], found in inflammatory zone [FIZZ‐1] [FIZZ‐1], mannose receptor C type‐1 [CD206], interleukin‐4 [IL‐4], and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)) markers in both models. Video–electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were used to quantify late chronic seizure frequency.ResultsThree days post‐SE microglia in the pilocarpine model expressed M1 and M2 markers, but only M1 markers were upregulated after kainate‐induced SE. After 3 weeks, M1/M2 marker expression was largely ablated in the hippocampal formation of both models. Small mRNA level increases of CD11b, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and IL‐1β were found in the pilocarpine model, consistent with IL‐1β contributing to spontaneous seizures, whereas mRNA levels of TNFα and Ym1 were decreased. In the late chronic phase, some M1/M2 markers, IL‐1β, TNFα, Arg1, Ym1, and CD206, resurged in the kainate, but not pilocarpine model, which may reflect and/or contribute to highly frequent seizures in kainate‐SE mice.SignificanceThe common M1 upregulation acutely post‐SE may signal a role early in epileptogenesis, with a more pure “inflamed” central nervous system state after kainate‐SE, potentially contributing to the development of more frequent seizures. The difference may also be due to the contribution of peripheral inflammation after pilocarpine injection. In summary, the microglial inflammatory response during epileptogenesis is complex, varies between models, and appears to correlate with chronic seizure frequency.
Spinal muscular atrophy associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy: A rare condition caused by mutations in ASAH1
Authors: Rubboli Guido , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Pini Antonella , Berardinelli Angela , Cantalupo Gaetano , Bertini Enrico , Tiziano Francesco Danilo , D'Amico Adele , Piazza Elena , Abiusi Emanuela , Fiori Stefania , Pasini Elena , Darra Francesca , Gobbi Giuseppe , Michelucci Roberto 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo present the clinical features and the results of laboratory investigations in three patients with spinal muscular atrophy associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA‐PME), a rare condition caused by mutations in the N‐acylsphingosine amidohydrosilase 1 (ASAH1) gene.MethodsThe patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, neurophysiologic investigations (that included wakefulness and sleep electroencephalography [EEG], video‐polygraphic recording with jerk‐locked back‐averaging, multimodal evoked potentials, and electromyography), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biochemical screening, muscle and skin biopsies, and molecular genetic analysis.ResultsThe main clinical features were onset in childhood with proximal muscular weakness, generalized epilepsy with absences and myoclonic seizures, cognitive impairment of variable degree; the course was progressive with muscle wasting and uncontrolled epileptic seizures. In one patient, earlier onset before the age of 2 years was associated with a more complex clinical picture, with abnormal eye movements, progressive cognitive impairment, and a more rapid and severe course. EEG/polygraphic data were consistent with PME, demonstrating generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges, evidence of positive and negative myoclonia, and prominent photosensitivity. In one patient, transcranial magnetic stimulation showed a hyperexcitable motor cortex, whereas somatosensory evoked potentials were unaffected. Possible involvement of the central acoustic and visual pathways was suggested by abnormal auditory and visual evoked potentials. Muscle biopsies showed typical signs of neurogenic damage. Molecular genetic analysis showed mutations of the ASAH1 gene.SignificanceOur data indicate that SMA‐PME associated with ASAH1 mutations is a genetically distinct condition with specific clinical and neurophysiologic features. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of the ASAH1 gene in muscle and brain function.
Deubiquitinating enzymes regulate Hes1 stability and neuronal differentiation
Authors: Kobayashi Taeko , Iwamoto Yumiko , Takashima Kazuhiro , Isomura Akihiro , Kosodo Yoichi , Kawakami Koichi , Nishioka Tomoki , Kaibuchi Kozo , Kageyama Ryoichiro 
Published: April 2015

Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcriptional repressor protein, regulates the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cells by repressing proneural gene expression via Notch signaling. Previous studies showed that Hes1 expression oscillates in both mouse embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and that the oscillation contributes to their potency and differentiation fates. This oscillatory expression depends on the stability of Hes1, which is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms governing Hes1 stability remain unknown. We analyzed Hes1‐interacting deubiquitinases purified from mouse embryonic stem cells using an Hes1‐specific antibody, and identified the ubiquitin‐specific protease 27x (Usp27x) as a new regulator of Hes1. We found that Hes1 was deubiquitinated and stabilized by Usp27x and its homologs ubiquitin‐specific protease 22 (Usp22) and ubiquitin‐specific protease 51 (Usp51). Knockdown of Usp22 shortened the half‐life of Hes1, delayed its oscillation, and enhanced neuronal differentiation in mouse developing brain, whereas mis‐expression of Usp27x reduced neuronal differentiation. These results suggest that these deubiquitinases modulate Hes1 protein dynamics by removing ubiquitin molecules, and thereby regulate neuronal differentiation of stem cells.
In vivo processing and release into the circulation of GFP fusion protein in arginine vasopressin enhanced GFP transgenic rats: response to osmotic stimulation
Authors: Satoh Keita , Oti Takumi , Katoh Akiko , Ueta Yoichi , Morris John F. , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Sakamoto Hirotaka 
Published: April 2015

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neurohypophysial hormone synthesized as a part of a prepropeptide precursor containing the signal peptide, AVP hormone, AVP‐associated neurophysin II and copeptin in the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. A transgenic (Tg) rat line expressing the AVP‐eGFP fusion gene has been generated. To establish the AVP‐eGFP Tg rat as a unique model for an analysis of AVP dynamics in vivo, we first examined the in vivo molecular dynamics of the AVP‐eGFP fusion gene, and then the release of GFP in response to physiological stimuli. Double immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that GFP was specifically localized in neurosecretory vesicles of AVP neurons in this Tg rat. After stimulation of the posterior pituitary with high potassium we demonstrated the exocytosis of AVP neurosecretory vesicles containing GFP at the ultrastructural level. Biochemical analyses indicated that the AVP‐eGFP fusion gene is subjected to in vivo post‐translational modifications like the native AVP gene, and is packaged into neurosecretory vesicles as a fusion protein: copeptin1–14‐GFP. Moreover, GFP release into the circulating blood appeared to be augmented after osmotic stimulation, like native AVP. Thus, here we show for the first time the in vivo molecular processing of the AVP‐eGFP fusion gene and stimulated secretion after osmotic stimulation in rats. Because GFP behaved like native AVP in the hypothalamo‐pituitary axis, and in particular was released into the circulation in response to a physiological stimulus, the AVP‐eGFP Tg rat model appears to be a powerful tool for analyzing neuroendocrine systems at the organismal level.
Response of soil carbon dioxide fluxes, soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon to biochar amendment: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Shuwei , Zhang Yaojun , Zong Yajie , Hu Zhiqiang , Wu Shuang , Zhou Jie , Jin Yaguo , Zou Jianwen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBiochar as a carbon‐rich coproduct of pyrolyzing biomass, its amendment has been advocated as a potential strategy to soil carbon (C) sequestration. Updated data derived from 50 papers with 395 paired observations were reviewed using meta‐analysis procedures to examine responses of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, soil organic C (SOC), and soil microbial biomass C (MBC) contents to biochar amendment. When averaged across all studies, biochar amendment had no significant effect on soil CO2 fluxes, but it significantly enhanced SOC content by 40% and MBC content by 18%. A positive response of soil CO2 fluxes to biochar amendment was found in rice paddies, laboratory incubation studies, soils without vegetation, and unfertilized soils. Biochar amendment significantly increased soil MBC content in field studies, N‐fertilized soils, and soils with vegetation. Enhancement of SOC content following biochar amendment was the greatest in rice paddies among different land‐use types. Responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC to biochar amendment varied with soil texture and pH. The use of biochar in combination with synthetic N fertilizer and waste compost fertilizer led to the greatest increases in soil CO2 fluxes and MBC content, respectively. Both soil CO2 fluxes and MBC responses to biochar amendment decreased with biochar application rate, pyrolysis temperature, or C/N ratio of biochar, while each increased SOC content enhancement. Among different biochar feedstock sources, positive responses of soil CO2 fluxes and MBC were the highest for manure and crop residue feedstock sources, respectively. Soil CO2 flux responses to biochar amendment decreased with pH of biochar, while biochars with pH of 8.1–9.0 had the greatest enhancement of SOC and MBC contents. Therefore, soil properties, land‐use type, agricultural practice, and biochar characteristics should be taken into account to assess the practical potential of biochar for mitigating climate change.
Effects of fat replacement and fibre addition on the texture, sensory acceptance and structure of sucrose‐free chocolate
Authors: Rezende Natália V. , Benassi Marta T. , Vissotto Fernanda Z. , Augusto Pedro P. C. , Grossmann Maria V. E. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDietary fibre has been employed as a sucrose and fat replacement in chocolates and can influence the physical and sensory characteristics of the resulting product. Formulations of sucrose‐free chocolates were developed with the addition of inulin and β‐glucan concentrate as partial substitutes for cocoa butter using a mixture design. The effects of the combinations of the three ingredients provided for the design on the texture, microstructure and sensory acceptance of the chocolates were investigated. The substitution of cocoa butter for inulin or β‐glucan concentrate decreased the hardness of the chocolates. It was possible to replace 10 g of cocoa butter in a 100‐g control formulation with inulin and still maintain good acceptance, while this same substitution with β‐glucan resulted in less acceptable chocolate, with a mean score of 6.4 on a scale from 0 to 10. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the effects of fibre addition by observing the developed microstructure.
Viscoelastic properties and textural characterisation of high methoxyl pectin of hawthorn (Crataegus pubescens) in a gelling system
Authors: Linares‐García José Antonio , Ramos‐Ramírez Emma Gloria , Salazar‐Montoya Juan Alfredo 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe viscoelastic behaviour and texture profile of gels composed of the high methoxyl pectin in hawthorn (HMPH) were studied, and these gels were compared with commercial citrus gels (HMPC). The values of G′ (elastic component) for the HMPH and HMPC gels (1% pectin and pH 3.0) were 2567 and 1177 Pa, respectively, and the values of G″ (viscous component) were 494 and 253, respectively. Because G′ > G″, both of these gels exhibit viscoelastic solid behaviour with predominant elastic characteristics. The viscoelastic behaviours of the gels were analysed using the Burger model. The texture analysis demonstrated that the hardness of the HMPH gels was almost 10‐fold higher than that of the HMPC gels. In addition, the gumminess and chewiness of the HMPH gels were 31.2‐ and 46.1‐fold higher than those of the HMPC gels, respectively. These results could likely contribute to the utilisation of HMPH pectins.