bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open access practices in India
Authors: Sahu Surendra Kumar , Arya Satish Kumar 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe open access movement has become the center of discussion during the last decade. Open access publishing facilitates researchers' and scientists' access to research literature through the internet free of cost. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the awareness of open access publishing among researchers and faculty members of Indian institutions, and to evaluate the development of open access initiatives in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. For studying awareness of open access publishing, a survey was conducted among the researchers of IITs and IIMs in July‐August 2012 by using a closed ended questionnaire. The growth of open access initiatives in India is analyzed through data collected from secondary sources, i.e. the websites of Ulrich's, DOAJ, ROAR, and OpenDOAR.FindingsThe results showed that India's contribution has increased in the last few years. It was found that the awareness about such open access information sources and initiatives among the research community is increasing.Originality/valueThis study will assist in understanding the practices of open access publishing in India.
Managerial competencies for information professionals: an international perspective
Authors: de Grandbois Yvonne 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find out whether and to what extent managerial skills are taught in Schools of Information globally, and whether these courses are sufficient preparation for management positions in information professions.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory research paper. Phase one included a literature review and a review of curricula in Schools of Information in 26 countries to see if management courses were given, as well as the type and number of courses. Phase two consisted semi‐structured interviews with 15 directors of information services in the international sector in the Geneva, Switzerland region.FindingsThe paper concludes that 73 per cent of the schools reviewed do offer management courses, although there is a wide variation between countries and schools. In the interviews it was found that 80 per cent of the directors learned their management skills on the job and 66 per cent in management development through their institutions. All interviewees said their academic courses, though relevant, were insufficient. They gave recommendations of which competencies were needed in curricula for information professionals.Originality/valueStudies on management education have been done mostly in North American, ALA‐accredited information schools. The rest of the world needs to be researched and to find its voice. The paper is relevant to schools of information globally, as well as to information professionals in the field.
Open access in the Czech Republic: an overview
Authors: Fabián Ondřej 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to give a complex description and evaluation of open access adoption in the environment of the Czech Republic, from both the green road and golden road points of view.Design/methodology/approachData and conclusions in this paper are numerically supported by quantitative analyses from several relevant databases (e.g. JCR, Scopus, DOAJ or ROAR).FindingsThe issue of open access has not been given appropriate attention in the Czech Republic. Therefore, most of the important activities have only recently been implemented, or are still underway. Open access is still being completely ignored at the level of Czech state offices and funding agencies, which leads to scientific institutions learning of this phenomenon individually. Compared to other Central European countries, the Czech Republic can be classified as average in certain respects, but it is no competition for developed West European and North American countries in terms of awareness, infrastructure and open access adoption.Originality/valueThis is the very first article that comprehensively sums up all aspects of the issue of open access in the Czech Republic.
Positional Asphyxia without Active Restraint Following an Assault
Authors: Fernando Tarini , Byard Roger W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDeaths due to positional asphyxia are most often accidental, associated with alcohol and/or drug intoxication. A 19‐year‐old male is reported who was assaulted and placed in a head‐down position in the back of a car were he was later found dead. Brush abrasions indicated that he had been dragged to the vehicle. The head and right shoulder were wedged into the foot well with the body uppermost. At autopsy, there was marked congestion of the face, neck, and upper chest with conjunctival ecchymoses, bruising of the face and scalp, focal subarachnoid hemorrhage, minor cerebral contusion, and diffuse cerebral swelling with early hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Toxicology was negative. Death was attributed to HIE resulting from the unusual positioning of the body. Cases of positional asphyxia involving others may not always include restraint, and when encountered should initiate a careful evaluation of the possible events and lethal pathophysiological processes.
Comparisons of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) reproduction within a novel and traditional host: effects of insect natal history, colonized host species and competitors
Authors: McKee Fraser R. , Huber Dezene P. W. , Aukema Brian H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
During host‐breadth expansion, phytophagous insects incur risk from potentially deleterious novel host environments at the same time as potentially securing a potential escape in space or time from competing species.
Bark beetles reproduce under the bark of stems and branches of mature, stressed or moribund trees, and may suffer high mortality from plant defences and inter‐ and intraspecific competition.
An epidemic of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) in western Canada has extended to over 18.1 million hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex. Loudon) forests.
In some areas, mountain pine beetles have been found to reproduce within interior hybrid spruces [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × engelmannii Parry ex. Engelmann], a normally rare occurrence.
Using mountain pine beetles reared from naturally‐infested interior hybrid spruce and lodgepole pine hosts, we examined the effect of female natal species and colonized host species on the ability to attract mates and reproduce within spruce and pine logs deployed as a choice assay in a field setting. Additionally, we examined whether the arrival and reproduction of competitors such as pine engravers (Ips spp.) was associated with reduced brood production.
Females reared from pine and spruce exhibited similar reproductive potentials. Recruitment and establishment of ovipositional galleries, larval galleries and pupal chambers were similar in the typical and novel hosts.
Reproduction by mountain pine beetles in spruce, although successful, was significantly lower than in pine. This reduction occurred despite spruce logs being almost entirely free of competing secondary beetles.
Venous thromboembolism prevention in patients undergoing colorectal surgery for cancer
Authors: Holwell Anna , McKenzie Jo‐Lyn , Holmes Miranda , Woods Rodney , Nandurkar Harshal , Tam Constantine S. , Bazargan Ali 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer are at high risk of post‐operative venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thromboprophylaxis has been shown to have significant risk reduction, although there remains some controversy surrounding the optimal duration of pharmacological prophylaxis. Our institution does not routinely practise extended prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the rate of post‐operative thromboprophylaxis in colorectal cancer patients, and incidence of symptomatic VTE.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective audit of 200 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal surgery for cancer. Data to 90 days post‐operatively were collected from medical records and imaging and phone calls to patients and family practitioners.ResultsOf the patients, 98% received pharmacological prophylaxis, with a median duration of eight days. Eight (4%) symptomatic VTEs were diagnosed within the 90‐day follow‐up period: two deep vein thrombosis (DVTs), five pulmonary emboli (PE) and one patient with both PE and DVT. A higher proportion of patients developed DVT/PE if they received prophylaxis other than low molecular weight heparin and similarly there was a trend in increased risk of DVT in the presence of metastatic disease. However, using univariate analysis, these results were not statistically significant (P = 0.18 and 0.11, respectively).DiscussionThe use of thromboprophylaxis was high in our centre, and the incidence of VTE was low when patients received a median of 8 days pharmacological prophylaxis combined with mechanical prophylaxis. The VTE incidence of 4% is similar to previous studies using extended prophylaxis. Our study findings do not support changing local protocol to extended prophylaxis.
Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in three horses in Australia
Authors: Spelta CW , Axon JE , Begg A , Diallo ISI , Carrick JB , Russell CM , Collins NM 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundEquine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is a recently described form of interstitial pneumonia associated with the presence of equine herpesvirus type 5 (EHV‐5). Since 2007, several case reports from America, Europe and the United Kingdom have further characterised the clinical presentation and laboratory findings of this disease.Case reportsThree Thoroughbred broodmares were diagnosed with EMPF. Diagnosis was based on lung histopathology and positive identification of EHV‐5 using PCR DNA amplification. There was multiple organ involvement in all three cases, including identification of EHV‐5 in hepatic tissue in one case. Two of the three horses died. Treatment with acyclovir was unsuccessful in one horse and one horse survived without antiviral or corticosteroid treatment.ConclusionThis case series is, to the authors' knowledge, the first report of EMPF in Australia and adds to the clinical description of the disease.
Aplysia gigantea toxicosis in 72 dogs in Western Australia
Authors: Peacock RE , Hosgood G , Swindells KL , Smart L 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThis study aimed to: (1) confirm a temporal association between exposure to the sea hare Aplysia gigantea and the development of a neurotoxicosis in dogs and (2) further characterise the clinical signs, treatment and outcomes in dogs with this suspected toxicosis.MethodsThe medical records from four veterinary practices within the Geraldton region of Western Australia were searched for dogs that had been exposed to A. gigantea and subsequently presented to a veterinarian during the period of January 2001 to March 2011. Signalment, exposure history, clinical signs, treatment and outcome were recorded.ResultsIn total, 72 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Clinical signs included ptyalism, emesis, ataxia, hyperaesthesia, tremors, muscle fasciculations, seizures, nystagmus and respiratory distress; 30 dogs did not have abnormal clinical signs at presentation; 69 dogs were presented during January to April. Treatment included gastrointestinal and dermal decontamination, and supportive management of seizures, tremors and muscle fasciculations. Of the 72 dogs, 65 survived to discharge, 4 died and 3 were euthanased. Information from subsequent examinations was available for 57 dogs and no long‐term complications were reported.ConclusionsExposure to A. gigantea was temporally associated with the development of neuroexcitatory clinical signs in dogs. Gastrointestinal and respiratory signs also occurred in some dogs. Dogs with suspected toxicosis were presented mostly in the months of January to April. The proportion of dogs that died or were euthanased because of worsening clinical signs was approximately 10%.
Influence of dingoes on sheep distribution in Australia
Authors: Allen BL , West P 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo describe the influence of the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) on the past, present and future distributions of sheep in Australia.DesignThe role of the dingo in the rise and fall of sheep numbers is reviewed, revised data are provided on the present distribution and density of sheep and dingoes, and historical patterns of sheep distribution are used to explore the future of rangeland sheep grazing.ResultsDingoes are a critical causal factor in the distribution of sheep at the national, regional and local levels. Dingo predation contributed substantially to the historical contraction of the sheep industry to its present‐day distribution, which is almost exclusively confined to areas within fenced dingo exclusion zones. Dingo populations and/or their influence are now present and increasing in all sheep production zones of Australia, inclusive of areas that were once ‘dingo free’.ConclusionsRangeland production of wool and sheep meat is predicted to disappear within 30–40 years if the present rate of contraction of the industry continues unabated. Understanding the influence of dingoes on sheep production may help refine disease response strategies and help predict the future distribution of sheep and their diseases.
Eudesmol Isomers Induce Caspase‐Mediated Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Bomfim Diogo S. , Ferraz Rosana P. C. , Carvalho Nanashara C. , Soares Milena B. P. , Pinheiro Maria L. B. , Costa Emmanoel V. , Bezerra Daniel P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEudesmols are naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid alcohols that present cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. Herein, all eudesmol isomers displayed cytotoxicity to different tumour cell lines. α‐Eudesmol showed IC50 values ranging from 5.38 ± 1.10 to 10.60 ± 1.33 μg/mL for B16‐F10 and K562 cell lines, β‐eudesmol showed IC50 values ranging from 16.51 ± 1.21 to 24.57 ± 2.75 μg/mL for B16‐F10 and HepG2 cell lines, and γ‐eudesmol showed IC50 values ranging from 8.86 ± 1.27 to 15.15 ± 1.06 μg/mL for B16‐F10 and K562 cell lines, respectively. In addition, in this work, we studied the mechanisms of cytotoxic action of eudesmol isomers (α‐, β‐ and γ‐eudesmol) in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. After 24‐hr incubation, HepG2 cells treated with eudesmol isomers presented typical hallmarks of apoptosis, as observed by morphological analysis in cells stained with haematoxylin–eosin and acridine orange/ethidium bromide. None of eudesmol isomers caused membrane disruption at any concentration tested. Moreover, eudesmol isomers induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in caspase‐3 activation in HepG2 cells, suggesting the induction of caspase‐mediated apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, the eudesmol isomers herein investigated are able to reduce cell proliferation and to induce tumour cell death by caspase‐mediated apoptosis pathways.
Probabilistic measures of persistence and extinction in measles (meta)populations
Authors: Gunning Christian E. , Wearing Helen J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPersistence and extinction are fundamental processes in ecological systems that are difficult to accurately measure due to stochasticity and incomplete observation. Moreover, these processes operate on multiple scales, from individual populations to metapopulations. Here, we examine an extensive new data set of measles case reports and associated demographics in pre‐vaccine era US cities, alongside a classic England & Wales data set. We first infer the per‐population quasi‐continuous distribution of log incidence. We then use stochastic, spatially implicit metapopulation models to explore the frequency of rescue events and apparent extinctions. We show that, unlike critical community size, the inferred distributions account for observational processes, allowing direct comparisons between metapopulations. The inferred distributions scale with population size. We use these scalings to estimate extinction boundary probabilities. We compare these predictions with measurements in individual populations and random aggregates of populations, highlighting the importance of medium‐sized populations in metapopulation persistence.
Genetic control of psoriasis is relatively distinct from that of metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease
Authors: Gupta Yask , Möller Steffen , Zillikens Detlef , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Ibrahim Saleh M. , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with significant comorbidity, for example, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This association implies that the risk to develop these diseases is commonly controlled or that the presence of one disease favours manifestation of the other. Therefore, we assessed the catalogue of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) to analyse whether psoriasis, MetS and CHD share susceptibility loci. Interestingly, genetic control of psoriasis is almost completely independent from both MetS and CHD. In contrast, MetS and CHD share 10 common loci. Like by GWAS analysis, psoriasis susceptibility genes showed close clustering in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, while genes conferring susceptibility to MetS and CHD were interlinked separately. These findings lead to the hypothesis that the clinically observed co‐occurrence of psoriasis with MetS and CHD may be due to a common environmental factor, for example, diet, which is known as a risk factor for all of these diseases.
Pocket‐depths‐related effectiveness of an intrapocket anaesthesia gel in periodontal maintenance patients
Authors: Derman SHM , Lowden CE , Kaus P , Noack MJ 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of the pocket depth on the effectiveness of an intrapocket anaesthesia gel during SRP in periodontal maintenance patients. Effectiveness was measured by pain levels during SRP via visual analogue scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). Secondary endpoint was the evaluation of patients' preferred choice of anaesthesia for SRP.MethodsA total of 638 patients undergoing the periodontal maintenance programme and with the need for SRP participated in this observational study. After SRP, patients filled in questionnaires to record pain levels experienced and anaesthesia preference for future use. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to analyse intergroup difference in pain perception and anaesthesia choice.ResultsOverall, increasing pocket depths were accompanied by higher pain levels, irrespective of maximum or commonest pocket depths (P < 0.05). For SRP procedures, patients definitely prefer the anaesthesia gel (72.4%).ConclusionsIn this study, an effectiveness of local anaesthesia gel (lidocaine/prilocaine) related to pocket depths was found in periodontal maintenance patients during SRP. Increasing pocket depths were accompanied by increasing procedural pain levels. Nevertheless, the anaesthesia gel is well accepted and in the majority of cases was found to be the preferred option for future SRP treatments.
The friend, the enemy, and the anthropologist: hostility and hospitality among the Parakanã (Amazonia, Brazil)
Authors: FAUSTO CARLOS 
Published: June 2013

Here I investigate a special relationship existing among the Tupi‐speaking Parakanã of Amazonia, usually translated as ‘friendship’, and implying expectations of hospitality. Its field of application spans from the closest other (the cross‐cousin) to the most distant (the enemy). I show that this kind of relationship is internally structured around an unstable prey‐predator polarity, meaning that the most intimate other is also the prey closest to hand. This ambivalence in the friendship relation counteracts the possibility of a space of sovereignty at the levels of the person and of collectivities, but it does not imply a ‘hospitality of visitation’ as envisaged by Derrida.RésuméL'auteur étudie ici une relation particulière entre les Parakanã, un peuple amazonien locuteur du tupi, que l'on traduit habituellement par « amitié » et qui implique des attentes d'hospitalité. Le domaine d'application de cette notion va de l'autre le plus proche (le cousin croisé) au plus éloigné (l'ennemi). L'article montre que ce type de relation est intrinsèquement structuré autour d'une polarité proie‐prédateur instable, dans laquelle l'autre le plus intime est aussi la proie la plus à portée de main. Cette ambivalence de la relation d'amitié s'oppose à la possibilité d'un espace de souveraineté au niveau de la personne et des collectivités, mais elle n'implique pas une « hospitalité de visitation » telle que l'envisageait Derrida.
Oculoplastic Surgery
Authors: WULC ALLAN E. 
Published: June 2013

background
. The interface between the subspecialties of dermatologic surgery and oculoplastic surgery is broad. However, there are many commonly seen oculoplastic conditions that are not foremost in the mind of the dermatologic surgeon.
objectives
. Common oculoplastic problems are detailed in this article and should provide the reader with a basis for understanding the wide spectrum of oculoplastic problems encountered in practice. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1033–1038.
The Preseptal and the Retroseptal Approaches in Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty
Authors: ASKEN SAUL 
Published: June 2013

background
. Although transconjunctival blepharoplasty was first described in the beginning of this century, it did not start to become popular until recently.
objective
. To describe the best approaches to transconjunctival blepharoplasty and their applications.
conclusions
. There are two distinct approaches in this technique: the preseptal and the retroseptal. While not easier in execution, and at times it can be more difficult than the transcutaneous approach, the transconjunctival blepharoplasty has definite advantages. It belongs in the armamentarium of surgical procedures of all physicians performing cosmetic surgery. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:1110–1116.
Pseudocyst of the Ear
Authors: HARDER MARY K. , ZACHARY C. B. 
Published: June 2013

background. Pseudocyst of the auricle is characterized by an asymptomatic swelling caused by an intracartilaginous accumulation of fluid. Treatments include aspiration, steroid injection, and surgical intervention.objective. To present two cases of pseudocyst of the auricle treated surgically with an open, deroofing technique.methods. Two cases are presented and the relevant literature is reviewed.conclusion. Optimal treatment for pseudocyst of the ear involves removal of the anterior cartilaginous leaflet of the pseudocyst with repositioning of the overlying flap of skin. This results in a normal‐appearing auricle with minimal scarring or recurrence of the pseudocyst.