bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of printable solder resist inks based on hyperbranched polyester
Authors: Yang Chao , Chang Yu , Yang Zhen‐Guo 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTwo novel solder resist inks containing hyperbranched epoxy resin (HBPE) for thermal curing and hyperbranched epoxy acrylate resin (HBPEA) for UV‐curing were introduced in this work. Different generations of HBPE and HBPEA were synthesized and their chemical structures were determined by FT‐IR. Both curing reactions were monitored under differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and photo‐DSC. For HBPE, the curing temperature of 7th generation was only 91°C and for HBPEA, the curing duration of 7th generation was under 10 s. The thermal stabilities of cured resins were much more stable than linear resin, as the decomposition temperatures of HBPE and HBPEA were both over 400°C. The ink containing HBPE or HBPEA jetted by piezoelectric printer showed excellent accuracy and consistency of linewidth and the morphologies of cured pattern were observed through a stereo microscope. Other performances of solder masks were tested under China Printed Circuit Association (CPCA) standard (CPCA/JPCA 4306‐2011), which satisfy all requirements of printed circuit board soldering procedure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41805.
Effect of emulsifier content on the rheological properties of asphalt emulsion residues
Authors: Pang Jinyu , Du Sujun , Chang Runtian , Pei Qiang , Cui Dongxia 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRheological measurement was employed to study the effect of emulsifier content on the properties of asphalt emulsion. Three kinds of emulsifiers are employed, and both temperature and frequency sweep were carried out in this study. Through the analysis of the viscoelastic parameters, the emulsifier content has an obvious influence in the properties of asphalt emulsions. As the content is higher, both the viscosity and modulus increase at a given temperature and/or frequency. The rut factor also increases with the emulsifier content, which indicates an enhanced resistance of emulsified asphalt mixtures to deformation. Rheological results can guide the selection of optimal emulsifier concentration for a given method of preparation. Results of softening point, penetration, ductility and storage stability also show good agreement with the rheological measurements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41806.
Optical and electrochemical properties of oligo(1,5‐dialkoxynaphthalene‐2,6‐diyl)s with self‐assembled ordered structures in solid state
Authors: Yamaguchi Isao , Yamauchi Kanako 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTOligo(1,5‐dialkoxynaphthalene‐2,6‐diyl)s were synthesized by Ni(cod)2 (cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene)‐promoted condensation reactions of 1,5‐dialkoxy‐2,6‐dibromonaphthalenes. The UV–Vis, photoluminescence (PL), and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements suggested that the oligomers have a self‐assembling ordered structure in the solid state. The oligomers underwent electrochemical oxidation (p‐doping), which occurred at lower potentials for films than for acetonitrile solutions containing [Et4N]BF4. This effect is caused by the longer π‐conjugation lengths of the oligomers in films, which was attributed to molecular self‐assembly leading to ordered structures in the solid state. The electrochemical reaction of the oligomers was accompanied by electrochromism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41840.
An index of human alteration of lake shore morphology
Authors: Miler Oliver , Porst Gwendolin , Mcgoff Elaine , Pilotto Francesca , Donohue Louise , Jurca Tamara , Solimini Angelo , Sandin Leonard , Irvine Kenneth , Aroviita Jukka , Clarke Ralph , Pusch Martin T. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Morphological degradation constitutes one of the most severe threats to the ecological integrity of lakes. The development of biotic assessment methods for human lake shore alterations using littoral macroinvertebrates requires quantification of the degree of degradation by a stressor index and is complicated through simultaneous physical pressures that alter natural habitat structure.
The Lake Habitat Survey (LHS) method and macroinvertebrate sampling were used to produce a pan‐European dataset of morphological lake shore degradation and macroinvertebrate densities covering 51 lakes in seven countries and across four geographical regions – northern, western, southern and central Europe.
Lake Habitat Survey parameters that differed significantly among three categories of morphological pressure were combined to develop the stressor index components ‘Number of habitats', ‘Habitat diversity', ‘Total percentage volume inhabited by macrophytes', ‘Sum of macrophyte types', ‘Sum of vegetation cover types', ‘Sum of coarse woody debris/roots/overhanging vegetation', ‘Pressure index' (number of human disturbance sources) and ‘Natural/artificial dominant land cover type'.
Stressor index components were tested for cross‐correlations and for differences among pressure levels. The final composition of the stressor index was optimized for the four studied geographical regions in Europe. The resulting stressor index correlated more strongly with macroinvertebrate metrics than simpler site‐specific LHS parameters or the HabQA index developed previously in one lake in north‐western Europe.
The stressor index developed provides deeper insight into the morphological pressures that affect littoral invertebrate communities. The results also support the use of LHS to quantify morphological stressors at sampling site level, which can ease developing other multimetric bioassessment methods.
The stressor index offers the possibility for wide and regional specific application to assess hydromorphological pressures on lakes to assist conservation planning and management and further global efforts to develop and test biotic assessment methods for lakes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eff icacy of angler catch data as a population and conservation monitoring tool for the f lagship Mahseer f ishes (Tor spp.) of Southern India
Authors: Pinder Adrian C. , Raghavan Rajeev , Britton J. Robert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Mahseer (Tor spp.) are flagship fishes in South Asian rivers. Their populations are threatened through poaching and habitat disturbance, yet they are highly prized game fishes due to their large size, appearance and sporting qualities. The international recreational angling community has frequently been cited as playing a vital role in conserving these fishes while also providing economic benefit to poor rural communities.
Owing to a lack of scientific data and the considerable challenges associated with monitoring fish populations in large monsoonal rivers, efforts to determine the long‐term trends in their populations has focused on sport‐fishing catch records. Here, catch data collected between 1998 and 2012 from Galibore, a former fishing camp on the River Cauvery, Karnataka, India, were analysed to determine the catch per unit effort (CPUE – by number and weight) as an indicator of relative fish abundance, along with the size structure of catches. This fishery operated a mandatory catch‐and‐release (C&R) policy, and provided the fish community with protection from illegal fishing.
Between 1998 and 2012, 23 620 hours fishing effort were applied to catch and release 6161 mahseer, ranging in size from 1 to 104 lbs (0.45–46.8 kg) in weight. Across the period, CPUE in number increased significantly over time with a concomitant decrease in CPUE by weight, revealing strong recruitment in the population and a shift in population size structure. This suggests a strong response to the C&R policy and the reduction in illegal fishing, indicating that conservation strategies focusing on the beneficial and negative aspects of exploitation can be successful in achieving positive outcomes.
These outputs from angler catch data provide insights into the mahseer population that were impossible to collect by any alternative method. They provide the most comprehensive analysis of a long‐term dataset specific to any of the mahseer species across their entire geographical range and demonstrate the value of organised angling as a conservation monitoring tool to enhance biological data, and inform conservation and fishery management actions.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Feeding Biomechanics and Dietary Ecology ofParanthropus boisei
Authors: Smith Amanda L. , Benazzi Stefano , Ledogar Justin A. , Tamvada Kelli , Pryor Smith Leslie C. , Weber Gerhard W. , Spencer Mark A. , Lucas Peter W. , Michael Shaji , Shekeban Ali , Al‐Fadhalah Khaled , Almusallam Abdulwahab S. , Dechow Paul C. , Grosse IAN R. , Ross Callum F. , Madden Richard H. , Richmond Brian G. , Wright Barth W. , Wang Qian , Byron Craig , Slice Dennis E. , Wood Sarah , Dzialo Christine , Berthaume Michael A. , van Casteren Adam , Strait David S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe African Plio‐Pleistocene hominins known as australopiths evolved derived craniodental features frequently interpreted as adaptations for feeding on either hard, or compliant/tough foods. Among australopiths,Paranthropus boiseiis the most robust form, exhibiting traits traditionally hypothesized to produce high bite forces efficiently and strengthen the face against feeding stresses. However, recent mechanical analyses imply thatP. boiseimay not have been an efficient producer of bite force and that robust morphology in primates is not necessarily strong. Here we use an engineering method, finite element analysis, to show that the facial skeleton ofP. boiseiis structurally strong, exhibits a strain pattern different from that in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) andAustralopithecus africanus, and efficiently produces high bite force. It has been suggested thatP. boiseiconsumed a diet of compliant/tough foods like grass blades and sedge pith. However, the blunt occlusal topography of this and other species suggests that australopiths are adapted to consume hard foods, perhaps including grass and sedge seeds. A consideration of evolutionary trends in morphology relating to feeding mechanics suggests that food processing behaviors in gracile australopiths evidently were disrupted by environmental change, perhaps contributing to the eventual evolution ofHomoandParanthropus. Anat Rec, 298:145–167, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EFFECTS OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION AND PRESSURE ONDrosophila melanogaster: OXIDATIVE STRESS, MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVITY, AND SURVIVORSHIP
Authors: Bosco Gerardo , Clamer Martina , Messulam Elisa , Dare Cristina , Yang Zhongjin , Zordan Mauro , Reggiani Carlo , Hu Qinggang , Megighian Aram 
Published: December 2014

Organisms are known to be equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits in response to the imposed environmental challenges as they grow and develop. In this study, the effects of extreme changes in oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure on physiological phenotypes ofDrosophila melanogasterwere investigated to explore adaptation mechanisms. The changes in citrate synthase activity (CSA), lifespan, and behavioral function in different atmospheric conditions were evaluated. In the CAS test, hyperoxia significantly increased CSA; both hypoxia and hyperbaric conditions caused a significant decrease in CSA. In the survivorship test, all changed atmospheric conditions caused a significant reduction in lifespan. The lifespan reduced more after hypoxia exposure than after hyperbaria exposure. In behavioral function test, when mechanical agitation was conducted, bang‐sensitive flies showed a stereotypical sequence of initial muscle spasm, paralysis, and recovery. The percentage of individuals that displayed paralysis or seizure was measured on the following day and after 2 weeks from each exposure. The majority of flies showed seizure behavior 15 days after exposure, especially after 3 h of exposure. The percentage of individuals that did not undergo paralysis or seizure and was able to move in the vial, was also tested. The number of flies that moved and raised the higher level of the vial decreased after exposure. Animal's speed decreased significantly 15 days after exposure to extreme environmental conditions. In summary, the alteration of oxygen availability and atmospheric pressure may lead to significant changes in mitochondria mass, lifespan, and behavioral function inD. melanogaster.
Pharmacologic Modulation of Hand Pain in Osteoarthritis: A Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Using Naproxen
Authors: Sanders Duncan , Krause Kristina , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Thacker Michael A. , Huggins John P. , Vennart William , Massat Nathalie J. , Choy Ernest , Williams Steven C. R. , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveIn an attempt to shed light on management of chronic pain conditions, there has long been a desire to complement behavioral measures of pain perception with measures of underlying brain mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we undertook this study to investigate changes in brain activity following the administration of naproxen or placebo in patients with pain related to osteoarthritis (OA) of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.MethodsA placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, 2‐period crossover study was performed in 19 individuals with painful OA of the CMC joint of the right hand. Following placebo or naproxen treatment periods, a functionally relevant task was performed, and behavioral measures of the pain experience were collected in identical fMRI examinations. Voxelwise and a priori region of interest analyses were performed to detect between‐period differences in brain activity.ResultsSignificant reductions in brain activity following treatment with naproxen, compared to placebo, were observed in brain regions commonly associated with pain perception, including the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. Significant relationships between changes in perceived pain intensity and changes in brain activity were also observed in brain regions previously associated with pain intensity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the sensitivity of fMRI to detect the mechanisms underlying treatments of known efficacy. The data illustrate the enticing potential of fMRI as an adjunct to self‐report for detecting early signals of efficacy of novel therapies, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, in small numbers of individuals with persistent pain.
Effect of annealing on down‐conversion properties of monoclinic Gd2O3:Er3+ nanophosphors
Authors: Tamrakar Raunak Kumar , Bisen D. P. , Upadhyay Kanchan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractErbium‐doped nano‐sized Gd2O3 phosphor was prepared by a solution combustion method in the presence of urea as a fuel. The phosphor was characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the XRD shows that the phosphor has a monoclinic phase, which was further confirmed by the TEM results. Particle size was calculated by the Debye–Scherrer formula. The erbium‐doped Gd2O3 nanophosphor was revealed to have good down‐conversion (DC) properties and the intensity of phosphor could be modified by annealing. The effects of annealing at 900°C on the particle size and luminescence properties were studied and compared with freshly prepared Gd2O3:Er3+ nanoparticles. The average particle sizes were calculated as 8 and 20 nm for the freshly prepared samples and samples annealed at 900°C for 1 h, respectively. The results show that both freshly prepared and annealed Gd2O3:Er3+ have monoclinic structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of CLL that was successfully treated resulted in the immediate development of AML from a coexistent myeloid line that had been suppressed
Authors: Ansari Mohammad , Auerbach Michael , Bahrain Huzefa 
Published: December 2014

Key Clinical MessageAn 83 year‐old Caucasian male presented to the emergency room with confusion and lethargy. A complete blood count revealed lymphocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A bone marrow examination revealed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), along with a small population of abnormal immature myeloid cells. Chemotherapy for CLL was started. After one cycle, repeat bone marrow examination revealed normalization of the lymphocyte count and a proliferation of the previously noted myeloid population, consistent with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This report presents the microscopic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic evidence to document the development of AML after one cycle of chemotherapy for CLL.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol in a Chemical Heat Pump System
Authors: Mert Mehmet Selçuk , Salt İnci , Karaca Fatma , Mert Hatice Hande , Bolat Esen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemical heat pump is a clean technology developed to upgrade the low‐level thermal energy to upper levels and to store energy without losses caused by temperature differences. Multiple regression analysis of catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol was performed. The endothermic dehydrogenation of isopropanol was carried out under continuous boiling and refluxing conditions in order to study the enhancement effects of the presence of an alkaline compound and different types of catalysts at various concentrations in the reaction medium on the evolution rate of hydrogen. The factorial experimental design method was applied to understand better the coupled influences of both catalyst and alkaline additive concentrations to discuss and evaluate statistically the results for different catalysts and to develop the related models.
On the Stability of PtIV Pro‐Drugs with Haloacetato Ligands in the Axial Positions
Authors: Wexselblatt Ezequiel , Raveendran Raji , Salameh Sawsan , Friedman‐Ezra Aviva , Yavin Eylon , Gibson Dan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe design of PtIV pro‐drugs as anticancer agents is predicated on the assumption that they will not undergo substitution reactions before entering the cancer cell. Attempts to improve the cytotoxic properties of PtIV pro‐drugs included the use of haloacetato axial ligands. Herein, we demonstrate that PtIV complexes with trifluoroacetato (TFA) or dichloroacetato (DCA) ligands can be unstable under biologically relevant conditions and readily undergo hydrolysis, which results in the loss of the axial TFA or DCA ligands. The half‐lives for PtIV complexes with two TFA or DCA ligands at pH 7 and 37 °C range from 6 to 800 min, which is short relative to the duration of cytotoxicity experiments that last 24–96 h. However, complexes with two monochloroacetato (MCA) or acetato axial ligands are stable under biologically relevant conditions. The loss of the axial ligands depends primarily on the electron‐withdrawing strength of the axial ligands, but also upon the nature of the equatorial ligands. We were unable to find obvious correlations between the structures of the PtIV complexes and the rates of decay of the parent compounds. The X‐ray crystal structures of the bis‐DCA and bis‐MCA PtIV derivatives of oxaliplatin did not reveal any significant structural differences that could explain the observed differences in stability.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations for Site Preference and Anisotropic Size Change of RE11Ge4In6‐xMx (RE: La, Ce; M: Li, Ge; x = 1, 1.96).
Authors: Jeon Beom‐Yong , Jeon Jieun , Lee Junseong , Kim Jongsik , You Tae‐Soo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLa11Ge4In5.00Li1.00 and Ce11Ge5.96In4.04 are prepared from the elements (Nb tubes, 1080 °C for 5 h and 750 °C for 2 d) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, and TB‐LMTO‐ASA computations.
ChemInform Abstract: MgSrP3N5O2 — A Novel Oxonitridophosphate.
Authors: Pucher Florian J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSingle crystals of MgSrP3N5O2 are grown by hot isostatic pressing of a mixture of Mg3N2, Sr(N3)2, P3N5, PON, and catalytic amounts of NH4Cl (multianvil press, BN crucible, 1000 °C, 6 GPa, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Speciation of Molybdates under Hydrothermal Conditions.
Authors: Noack Johannes , Rosowski Frank , Schloegl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn situ Raman spectroscopy is applied to investigate the speciation of molybdates under hydrothermal conditions in 0.2 M aqueous solution of (NH4)6Mo7O24 (autoclave, 20—200 °C, pH 1—7).
ChemInform Abstract: A Chameleon Catalyst for Nonheme Iron‐Promoted Olefin Oxidation.
Authors: Iyer Shyam R. , Javadi Maedeh Moshref , Feng Yan , Hyun Min Young , Oloo Williamson N. , Kim Cheal , Que Lawrence Jr. 
Published: December 2014

Abstractfurnishing nearly exclusively cis‐dihydroxylation or exclusively epoxidation products (no yields given)
ChemInform Abstract: C3‐Symmetric Chiral Trisimidazoline‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts (FC)‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Takizawa Shinobu , Hirata Shuichi , Murai Kenichi , Fujioka Hiromichi , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe first imidazoline‐mediated highly enantioselective Friedel—Crafts‐type reaction between aldimines and naphthols is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Desymmetrization of 4,4‐Disubstituted Cyclohexadienones at High Pressure: A New Powerful Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Congested Chiral Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Miyamae Naomu , Watanabe Naruhisa , Moritaka Maya , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA diastereo‐ and enantioselective method for the asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,4‐disubstituted cyclohexadienones using the Michael addition of malonate (II) under catalysis with primary amine‐thiourea conjugate catalyst and pyrrolidino‐pyridine (PPY) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of ortho‐Substituted Arylboronic Acids to β,β‐Disubstituted Cyclic Enones: Total Synthesis of Herbertenediol, Enokipodin A and Enokipodin B.
Authors: Buter Jeffrey , Moezelaar Renee , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title reaction affords products (II) and (V) in good to high enantiomeric excesses, though the obtained yields are low to moderate.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Malonates to Enones Using a Diaminomethylenemalononitrile Organocatalyst.
Authors: Hirashima Shin‐ichi , Sakai Takaaki , Nakashima Kosuke , Watanabe Nana , Koseki Yuji , Mukai Kanako , Kanada Yohei , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika , Miura Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe optically active diamine title catalyst efficiently promotes the conjugate addition of malonates to enones to give the corresponding addition products in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Ehmke Veronika , O'Keefe B. Michael , Bringley Dustin A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe title reaction proceeds without subsequent rearomatization and can be applied on a broad range of heterocyclic and benzoid substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Acyloxylation of Cyclic Enones: Synthesis of Densely Oxygenated Guaianolides.
Authors: Marin‐Barrios Ruben , Garcia‐Cabeza Ana Leticia , Moreno‐Dorado F. Javier , Guerra Francisco M. , Massanet Guillermo M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe optimized conditions found for the title reaction can be applied to various substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative Allylic Fluorination: Combination of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Fluorine Sources.
Authors: Bloom Steven , Knippel James Levi , Holl Maxwell Gargiulo , Barber Ross , Lectka Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions are developed for the regioselective allylic fluorination of alkenes via a tandem fluoroselenation‐deselenation process.