bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subgroup-Specific Prognostic Implications of TP53 Mutation in Medulloblastoma
Authors: Zhukova Nataliya , Ramaswamy Vijay , Remke Marc , Pfaff Elke , Shih David J.H. , Martin Dianna C. , Castelo-Branco Pedro , Baskin Berivan , Ray Peter N. , Bouffet Eric , von Bueren André O. , Jones David T.W. , Northcott Paul A. , Kool Marcel , Sturm Dominik , Pugh Trevor J. , Pomeroy Scott L. , Cho Yoon-Jae , Pietsch Torsten , Gessi Marco , Rutkowski Stefan , Bognar Laszlo , Klekner Almos , Cho Byung-Kyu , Kim Seung-Ki , Wang Kyu-Chang , Eberhart Charles G. , Fevre-Montange Michelle , Fouladi Maryam , French Pim J. , Kros Max , Grajkowska Wieslawa A. , Gupta Nalin , Weiss William A. , Hauser Peter , Jabado Nada , Jouvet Anne , Jung Shin , Kumabe Toshihiro , Lach Boleslaw , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Rubin Joshua B. , Liau Linda M. , Massimi Luca , Pollack Ian F. , Shin Ra Young , Van Meir Erwin G. , Zitterbart Karel , Schüller Ulrich , Hill Rebecca M. , Lindsey Janet C. , Schwalbe Ed C. , Bailey Simon , Ellison David W. , Hawkins Cynthia , Malkin David , Clifford Steven C. , Korshunov Andrey , Pfister Stefan , Taylor Michael D. , Tabori Uri 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Reports detailing the prognostic impact of TP53 mutations in medulloblastoma offer conflicting conclusions. We resolve this issue through the inclusion of molecular subgroup profiles. Patients and Methods We determined subgroup affiliation, TP53 mutation status, and clinical outcome in a discovery cohort of 397 medulloblastomas. We subsequently validated our results on an independent cohort of 156 medulloblastomas. Results TP53 mutations are enriched in wingless (WNT; 16%) and sonic hedgehog (SHH; 21%) medulloblastomas and are virtually absent in subgroups 3 and 4 tumors (P < .001). Patients with SHH/TP53 mutant tumors are almost exclusively between ages 5 and 18 years, dramatically different from the general SHH distribution (P < .001). Children with SHH/TP53 mutant tumors harbor 56% germline TP53 mutations, which are not observed in children with WNT/TP53 mutant tumors. Five-year overall survival (OS; ± SE) was 41% ± 9% and 81% ± 5% for patients with SHH medulloblastomas with and without TP53 mutations, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, TP53 mutations accounted for 72% of deaths in children older than 5 years with SHH medulloblastomas. In contrast, 5-year OS rates were 90% ± 9% and 97% ± 3% for patients with WNT tumors with and without TP53 mutations (P = .21). Multivariate analysis revealed that TP53 status was the most important risk factor for SHH medulloblastoma. Survival rates in the validation cohort mimicked the discovery results, revealing that poor survival of TP53 mutations is restricted to patients with SHH medulloblastomas (P = .012) and not WNT tumors. Conclusion Subgroup-specific analysis reconciles prior conflicting publications and confirms that TP53 mutations are enriched among SHH medulloblastomas, in which they portend poor outcome and account for a large proportion of treatment failures in these patients.
Use of Pharmacologic Interventions for Breast Cancer Risk Reduction: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Visvanathan Kala , Hurley Patricia , Bantug Elissa , Brown Powel , Col Nananda F. , Cuzick Jack , Davidson Nancy E. , DeCensi Andrea , Fabian Carol , Ford Leslie , Garber Judy , Katapodi Maria , Kramer Barnett , Morrow Monica , Parker Barbara , Runowicz Carolyn , Vogel Victor G. , Wade James L. , Lippman Scott M. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To update the 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer (BC) risk reduction. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses published from June 2007 through June 2012 was completed using MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration Library. Primary outcome of interest was BC incidence (invasive and noninvasive). Secondary outcomes included BC mortality, adverse events, and net health benefits. Guideline recommendations were revised based on an Update Committee's review of the literature. Results Nineteen articles met the selection criteria. Six chemoprevention agents were identified: tamoxifen, raloxifene, arzoxifene, lasofoxifene, exemestane, and anastrozole. Recommendations In women at increased risk of BC age ≥ 35 years, tamoxifen (20 mg per day for 5 years) should be discussed as an option to reduce the risk of estrogen receptor (ER) –positive BC. In postmenopausal women, raloxifene (60 mg per day for 5 years) and exemestane (25 mg per day for 5 years) should also be discussed as options for BC risk reduction. Those at increased BC risk are defined as individuals with a 5-year projected absolute risk of BC ≥ 1.66% (based on the National Cancer Institute BC Risk Assessment Tool or an equivalent measure) or women diagnosed with lobular carcinoma in situ. Use of other selective ER modulators or other aromatase inhibitors to lower BC risk is not recommended outside of a clinical trial. Health care providers are encouraged to discuss the option of chemoprevention among women at increased BC risk. The discussion should include the specific risks and benefits associated with each chemopreventive agent.
Asymmetric Syntheses of Pharmaceuticals Containing a Cyclopropane Moiety Using Catalytic Asymmetric Simmons–Smith Reactions of Allylalcohols: Syntheses of Optically Active Tranylcypromine and Milnacipran
Authors: Ishizuka Yuki , Fujimori Hirohisa , Noguchi Takuya , Kawasaki Masashi , Kishida Mari , Nagai Takuya , Imai Nobuyuki , Kirihara Masayuki 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of tranylcypromine was achieved using an enantioselective Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation catalyzed by a simple disulfonamide derived from an α-amino acid. The optically active milnacipran was also synthesized by porcine pancreas lipase-catalyzed selective monoacylation of the C4-hydroxy group in (Z)-2-phenylbut-2-ene-1,4-diol and the enantioselective Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation as the key steps.
Hexaphenylethanes with an Ultralong C–C Bond: Expandability of the C–C Bond in Highly Strained Tetraarylpyracenes
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Uchimura Yasuto , Kawai Hidetoshi , Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Over the past few decades, many studies have been conducted on ultralong C–C bonds (bond length greater than 1.7 Å). This highlight review discusses the molecular design of ultralong C–C bonds and their bonding properties, especially their “expandability.” In particular, the ultralong C–C bonds in tetraarylpyracene derivatives can change in length by adopting a slightly different conformation in the crystalline state. This expandability of ultralong C–C bonds could be due to the smaller decrease in bond energy at a longer interatomic distance (&gt;1.7 Å). This interesting property can be applied to stimulus-responsive materials, as illustrated in the thermochromism of a bis(methylacridan)-substituted pyracene crystal, since the thermally induced change in bond-length modifies the HOMO–LUMO gap.
Why tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance is common in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Tomasetti Cristian , Demetri George D , Parmigiani Giovanni 
Published: July 2013

Background:Most patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) develop drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) within two years of starting therapy, whereas most chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in chronic phase still exhibit disease control after a decade on therapy. This article aims to explain this divergence in long term outcomes.Methods and results:By combining clinical and experimental observations with mathematical formulas we estimate that, in advanced GIST, the genetic changes responsible for resistance are generally already present at disease detection.Conclusion:This result has relevant clinical implications by providing support for the exploration of combination therapies.
Phylogenetic study of Diploschistes (lichen–forming Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae), based on morphological, chemical, and molecular data
Authors: Fernández-Brime Samantha , Llimona Xavier , Lutzoni François , Gaya Ester 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe genus Diploschistes includes crustose lichen–forming fungi with a carbonized proper excipulum with lateral paraphyses, and a chemistry dominated by orcinol depsides. However, the taxon D. ocellatus lacks these excipular characters and has β–orcinol depsidones, raising doubts about its inclusion within this genus. Using a two–locus dataset (mtSSU, nuLSU), our phylogenetic analyses confirm the classification of D. ocellatus within Diploschistes. Three different groups have been recognized within this genus, based on ascomatal morphology: Actinostomus (perithecioid), Scruposus (urceolate), and Ocel latus (lecanoroid). These groups have been widely used in monographic studies and keys, but their taxonomic value has not been confirmed yet. Here we inferred phylogenetic relationships within Diploschistes, with a special emphasis on the D. scruposus complex, using a combined dataset consisting of morphological, chemical, nrITS, and mtSSU data in order to determine if these species groups and phenotypically based species delimitations were monophyletic. Based on our results, a new subgeneric treatment for Diploschistes is proposed, and the taxonomic value of fruiting body types is confirmed. The clade corresponding to D. ocellatus consists of two well–supported subclades, one of them grouping specimens without ascomata, having only pycnidia. It is also remarkable that the clade containing specimens of D. diacapsis subsp. neutrophilus appears distantly related to the clade containing all other accessions of D. diacapsis. Our analysis revealed that for some taxa, such as D. scruposus and D. interpediens, molecular variability did not correlate with either morphological or chemical diversity.
A plea to restore Petagna's authorship for the genus Sansevieria, nom. cons. (Liliaceae)
Authors: Menale Bruno , De Luca Paolo , Del Guacchio Emanuele 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSansevieria Thunb. (1794) and Sanseverinia Petagna (1787) are generally regarded as separate generic names, and the former has been conserved over the latter (see App. III of the Vienna Code). However, it is determined that the two are not separate generic names but that Thunberg's Sansevieria is a misspelling of Petagna's Sanseverinia. Nonetheless, Thunberg's spelling is to be retained as required by Art. 14.8 of the Melbourne Code. However, the authorship of Sansevieria should be re–attributed to Petagna.
Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: Progress, prospects and lessons for other species–rich clades
Authors:   The Legume Phylogeny Working Group, Bruneau Anne , Doyle Jeff J. , Herendeen Patrick , Hughes Colin , Kenicer Greg , Lewis Gwilym , Mackinder Barbara , Pennington R. Toby , Sanderson Michael J. , Wojciechowski Martin F. , Boatwright Stephen , Brown Gillian , Cardoso Domingos , Crisp Michael , Egan Ashley , Fortunato Renée H. , Hawkins Julie , Kajita Tadashi , Klitgaard Bente , Koenen Erik , Lavin Matt , Luckow Melissa , Marazzi Brigitte , McMahon Michelle M. , Miller Joseph T. , Murphy Daniel J. , Ohashi Hiroyoshi , de Queiroz Luciano P. , Rico Lourdes , Särkinen Tiina , Schrire Brian , Simon Marcelo F. , Souza Elvia R. , Steele Kelly , Torke Benjamin M. , Wieringa Jan J. , van Wyk Ben-Erik 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Leguminosae, the third–largest angiosperm family, has a global distribution and high ecological and economic impor
tance. We examine how the legume systematic research community might join forces to produce a comprehensive phylogenetic estimate for the ca. 751 genera and ca. 19,500 species of legumes and then translate it into a phylogeny–based classification. We review the current state of knowledge of legume phylogeny and highlight where problems lie, for example in taxon sampling and phylogenetic resolution. We review approaches from bioinformatics and next–generation sequencing, which can facilitate the production of better phylogenetic estimates. Finally, we examine how morphology can be incorporated into legume phylogeny to address issues in comparative biology and classification. Our goal is to stimulate the research needed to improve our knowledge of legume phylogeny and evolution; the approaches that we discuss may also be relevant to other species–rich angiosperm clades.
Radiation of theHypochaeris apargioidescomplex (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) of southern South America
Authors: López-Sepúlveda Patricio , Tremetsberger Karin , Ortiz María Ángeles , Baeza Carlos M. , Peñailillo Patricio , Stuessy Tod F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRadiation into different environments is a common evolutionary phenomenon in plants. This process has been extensively documented in oceanic islands and to a lesser extent in continental areas. The genusHypochaeris(Asteraceae: Cichorieae) contains 41 species in South America that have evolved during the past one million years. Dispersal of propagules to new regions followed by speciation at the diploid level into different ecological zones has resulted in radiated groups. One such group, theH. apargioidescomplex, consists of four closely related species,H. apargioides,H. gayana,H. spathulata, andH. thrincioides, all of which are distributed in central‐south Chile and adjacent Argentina. Morphometric and molecular (AFLP) data were used to help reveal processes involved in the evolution of the complex. A total of 54 populations were sampled: 34 were analyzed morphometrically and 45 were examined for genetic variation and divergence using AFLP methodology. Mor‐ phometric analysis shows that two species,H. gayanaandH. spathulata, are clearly separated phenotypically from the others, but thatH. apargioidesandH. thrincioidesare more similar to each other. The principal environmental conditions influencing morphology and distribution of species in theH. apargioidescomplex appear to be salinity and elevation inH. spathulataandH. gayana, respectively, and climate inH. apargioidesandH. thrincioides. The overall pattern in the evolution of the complex is one of subtle morphological divergence in response to environmental selection, perhaps reflecting initial stages of adaptive radiation. The low level of molecular divergence among species also suggests rapid speciation.
Third world list of cetrarioid lichens: A databased tool for documentation of nomenclatural data—lessons learned
Authors: Saag Andres , Randlane Tiina , Saag Lauri , Thell Arne , Ahti Teuvo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe third version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens contains 572 names representing 149 accepted species. It is presented in a new, electronical form, based on a FileMaker‐powered database, allowing users to view data in different sets and to perform searches. Type information is added for most of the names, and new information regarding the phylogenetic status of accepted taxa is introduced. Five global taxonomic databases (Catalogue of Life, Encyclopedia of Life, Index Fungorum, LIAS, MycoBank) are compared by scanning the availability of mainly nomenclatural data of 30 selected cetrarioid names (10 accepted names, 10 homotypic and 10 heterotypic synonyms); the significance of digital web resources is discussed.
Toward a new circumscription of the twinsorus‐fern genus Diplazium (Athyriaceae): A molecular phylogeny with morphological implications and infrageneric taxonomy
Authors: Wei Ran , Schneider Harald , Zhang Xian-Chun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDiplazium and allied segregates (Allantodia, Callipteris, Monomelangium) represent highly diverse genera belonging to the lady‐fern family Athyriaceae. Because of the morphological diversity and lack of molecular phylogenetic analyses of this group of ferns, generic circumscription and infrageneric relationships within it are poorly understood. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships of these genera were investigated using a comprehensive taxonomic sampling including 89 species representing all formerly accepted segregates. For each species, we sampled over 6000 DNA nucleotides of up to seven plastid genomic regions: atpA, atpB, matK, rbcL, rps4, rps4‐trnS IGS, and trnL intron plus trnL‐trnF IGS. Phylogenetic analyses including maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods congruently resolved Allantodia, Callipteris and Monomelangium nested within Diplazium; therefore a large genus concept of Diplazium is accepted to keep this group of ferns monophyletic and to avoid paraphyletic or polyphyletic taxa. Four well‐supported clades and eight robust subclades were found in the phylogenetic topology. Reconstruction of the evolutionary pattern of morphological characters, such as dissections of leaves, petiole/rachis scales, and shapes of sori, recovered some character combinations of systematic value for infrageneric classification. In light of morphological characters and our molecular phylogeny, a re‐defined Diplazium and an infrageneric classification are proposed.
Soul as Structure in Plato’s Phaedo
Authors: Young Douglas 
Published: July 2013

Abstract In Plato’s Phaedo, the soul is mereologically simple; in the Republic, it is tripartite. The arguments in the Phaedo against the harmonia theory of the soul seem to undercut the psychology of the Republic. Commentators have long been puzzled by this apparent inconsistency. I argue that conceiving of a harmonia as a structure dispels persisting confusions about the theory and why Plato rejects it.
Cannabis use, addiction risk and functional impairment in youth seeking treatment for primary mood or anxiety concerns
Authors: Osuch Elizabeth , Vingilis Evelyn , Ross Erin , Forster Christeen , Summerhurst Carolyn 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Cannabis use is common in youth and there is evidence that the co-occurrence of cannabis use (and other substance use) with mental illnesses predicts poorer outcomes, including suicide. The main purposes of this study were to: (i) identify rates of cannabis use and substance use disorder risk, and (ii) predictors for cannabis use among youth seeking help for mood and/or anxiety concerns in a sample population prescreened to exclude primary substance use disorders; and (iii) to determine if there was an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. We investigated substance use risk as well as hypothesized predictors of cannabis use and functional impairment including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, trait coping style, age of onset of several risk behaviors, current use of common addictive substances, level of functional impairment, and current psychiatric symptom severity. Results showed that approximately half of the participants were at moderate to high risk for a substance use disorder, and just over 4% appeared to have a primary substance use disorder. They also suggested an association between cannabis use and gender (male), age of first cannabis use, recent cigarette use, and functional impairment. Independently, functional impairment was predicted by inattentive coping style, depression severity, and total cannabis use score. These results confirm a high risk for addictive disorders and an association between cannabis use and functional impairment in this sample. These results support the need for substance use treatment programs to optimize care wherever youth with primary mood and/or anxiety concerns are seen.
Angular modulation of single-molecule fluorescence by gold nanoparticles on DNA origami templates
Authors: Möller Friederike M. , Holzmeister Phil , Sen Tapasi , Acuna Guillermo P. , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We study the angular fluorescence intensity modulation of a single dye positioned near a spherical gold nanoparticle, induced by rotation of linearly polarized excitation light. Accurate positioning and alignment of nanoparticle and fluorophore with respect to each other and the incoming electric field is achieved by a three-dimensional, self-assembled DNA origami. An intensity map is obtained for a fixed distance and two different nanoparticle diameters, revealing polarization-dependent enhancement and quenching of fluorescence intensity in good agreement to numerical simulations.
The Inter-rater Reliability of the Functional Movement Screen Within an Athletic Population Using Untrained Raters
Authors: Leeder Jade. E , Horsley Ian G. , Herrington Lee C 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Elias JE. The inter-rater reliability of the functional movement screen within an athletic population using untrained raters. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2591–2599, 2016—The functional movement screen (FMS) is a commonly used screening tool designed to identify restrictions to movement patterns and increased injury risk using 7 predesigned tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the inter-rater reliability of scoring of the FMS using a group of “untrained” subjects. Additionally, the study also examined if clinical experience level had any effect on reliability. Twenty fully qualified Physiotherapists working at the English Institute of Sport, with elite athletes, volunteered to participate in the study. The group comprised both level 2 and level 3 physiotherapists based on clinical experience levels. Five elite athletes, free from injury, were recruited and videoed completing 6 of the 7 FMS tests using a 3 camera system. The videos were scored by each Physiotherapist using the standardized scoring sheet, as developed by Cook et al. Each practitioner marked each athlete completing the 6 tests. The total scores were calculated for each athlete (maximum score of 18). The inter-rater reliability of the test was shown to be high, intraclass coefficient 0.906. An independent t test showed no significant differences between the level 2 and level 3 practitioners in the total scores (p = 0.502). The results of the test indicate that the FMS is a reliable screening tool when used by untrained practitioners in determining faulty movement patterns and that clinical experience level does not affect the reliability, therefore it may be a useful tool in the screening of athletic populations.
Firearm Possession Among Adolescents Presenting to an Urban Emergency Department for Assault
Authors: Carter Patrick M. , Walton Maureen A. , Newton Manya F. , Clery Michael , Whiteside Lauren K. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Firearm violence is a leading cause of death among youth. The objectives of this study were (1) determine firearm possession rates and associated correlates among youth seeking care for assault in an emergency department (ED); (2) understand differences in risk factors for youth with firearm possession; and (3) identify firearm possession characteristics in this population: type, reason for possession, and source of firearms.

METHODS:
Youth (14 to 24 years old) presenting to a Level 1 ED with assault were administered a computerized screening survey. Validated instruments were administered, measuring demographics, firearm rates and characteristics, attitudes toward aggression, substance use, and previous violence history.

RESULTS:
Among 689 assault-injured youth, 23% reported firearm possession in the past 6 months. Only 17% of those reporting firearm possession obtained the gun from a legal source; 22% reported ownership of highly lethal automatic/semiautomatic weapons and 37.1% reported having a firearm for protection. Logistic regression analysis identified significant correlates of firearm possession, including male gender, higher socioeconomic status, illicit drug use, recent serious fight, and retaliatory attitudes.

CONCLUSIONS:
ED assault-injured youth had high rates of firearm possession (23.1%), most of which were not obtained from legal sources. Youth with firearm possession were more likely to have been in a recent serious fight, and to endorse aggressive attitudes that increase their risk for retaliatory violence. Future prevention efforts should focus on minimizing illegal firearm access among high-risk youth, nonviolent alternatives to retaliatory violence, and substance use prevention.