bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What ethics for case managers? Literature review and discussion
Authors: Corvol Aline , Moutel Grégoire , Somme Dominique 
Published: June 2015

Background: Little is known about case managers’ ethical issues and professional values. Objectives: This article presents an overview of ethical issues in case managers’ current practice. Findings are examined in the light of nursing ethics, social work ethics and principle-based biomedical ethics. Research design: A systematic literature review was performed to identify and analyse empirical studies concerning ethical issues in case management programmes. It was completed by systematic content analysis of case managers’ national codes of ethics. Findings: Only nine empirical studies were identified, eight of them from North America. The main dilemmas were how to balance system goals against the client’s interest and client protection against autonomy. Professional codes of ethics shared important similarities, but offered different responses to these two dilemmas. Discussion: We discuss the respective roles of professional and organizational ethics. Further lines of research are suggested.
Sesamin enhances nitric oxide bioactivity in aortas of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Kong Xiang , Li Wei , Guo Li-qun , Zhang Jun-xiu , Chen Xiang-pan , Liu Wei-yong , Yang Jie-ren 
Published: June 2015

Background: The blood pressure lowering effect of sesamin has been demonstrated to be associated with the increase in vascular nitric oxide (NO) biological activity by our previous studies and others. The present study was designed to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in the effect of sesamin on aortic NO bioactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: Sesamin was orally administered for 8 consecutive weeks in SHRs. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail-cuff method. The aortas were isolated and in vitro vascular reactivity studies were performed. Superoxide anion production in carotid arteries was assessed by dihydroethidium fluorescence staining. The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (P-eNOS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit p47phox, and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in aortas was detected by Western blotting. The dimeric form of eNOS in aortas was determined by low-temperature sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Aortic level of nitrotyrosine and activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely, total SOD (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were also detected. Results: In SHRs, sesamin treatment reduced SBP, improved vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine and enhanced aortic NO bioactivity. Sesamin treatment enhanced NO biosynthesis in SHR aortas was due to upregulated P-eNOS and suppressed eNOS uncoupling, and the latter effect might be attributed to decreased nitrotyrosine and upregulated DHFR. Sesamin also reduced the NO oxidative inactivation and decreased the superoxide anion production through downregulation of p47phox and amelioration of eNOS uncoupling. In addition, sesamin treatment did not alter the levels of GPx and catalase activity but obviously reduced the compensatory elevated T-SOD activity and Cu/Zn-SOD protein expression. Conclusion: Chronic treatment with sesamin could reduce hypertension and improve endothelial dysfunction through enhancement of NO bioactivity in SHR aortas.
Ten year experience of using a novel metabolic protocol in ‘off pump’ coronary artery bypass revascularization
Authors: Perkowski David J. , Wagner Susan , Muller Kathryn , Schneider Joseph R. , St.Cyr J. A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Assessment of both short- and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass using a perioperative metabolic protocol. Methods: A total of 975 of 995 adult patients underwent coronary artery bypass ‘off-pump’ from 1997 through 2006. Patients presenting in cardiogenic shock were excluded from this assessment. A perioperative metabolic protocol, which included the implementation of allopurinol, insulin supplementation, magnesium sulfate, supplemental corticosteroids, milrinone, norepinephrine (prn), aspirin, clopidogrel, statins and β-blockers, was used in these patients. Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 70.5 years and the average number of bypass grafts was 4 per procedure; 18% ( n = 176) of the cases had a preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump inserted for hemodynamic instability, tight left main coronary artery stenosis or angina. The 30-day mortality was 1.8% versus a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) predicted mortality of 4.8%. Left main coronary artery disease was present in 38% ( n = 371) of the patients. No strokes occurred intra-operatively and the postoperative incidence of stroke was 0.9% ( n = 9). Incidence of renal failure requiring dialysis was 0.8% ( n = 8). There was a single sternal infection. Mean follow up was 65 months with a survival rate of 90% ( n = 955). Re-intervention, which commonly involved PTCA ± stent placement or re-do coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), was 4% at 1 year and 11.6% ( n = 113) during the 65-month follow-up period. Conclusions: Off-pump coronary artery bypass coupled with this novel metabolic protocol was associated with a low operative mortality and acceptable perioperative morbidities, including patients with left main coronary artery disease. These benefits are apparent at both short- and medium-term follow up.
Chronic transfusion therapy improves but does not normalize systemic and pulmonary vasculopathy in sickle cell disease
Authors: Detterich Jon A. , Kato Roberta M. , Rabai Miklos , Meiselman Herbert J. , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsPlasma free hemoglobin is associated with abnormal systemic and pulmonary vascular function markers. Red cell storage time and physical changes in blood are associated with acute transfusional changes in endothelial function.
Single platelets seal neutrophil-induced vascular breaches via GPVI during immune-complex–mediated inflammation in mice
Authors: Gros Angèle , Syvannarath Varouna , Lamrani Lamia , Ollivier Véronique , Loyau Stéphane , Goerge Tobias , Nieswandt Bernhard , Jandrot-Perrus Martine , Ho-Tin-Noé Benoît 
Published: June 2015

Key Points
GPVI-dependent platelet binding and activation contribute to seal neutrophil-induced vascular damage in IC-mediated inflammation. Inflammation represents an uncommon hemostatic situation in which adhesion and activation of single platelets prevent bleeding.
CD8+ T cells are predominantly protective and required for effective steroid therapy in murine models of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ma Li , Simpson Elisa , Li June , Xuan Min , Xu Miao , Baker Laura , Shi Yan , Yougbaré Issaka , Wang Xiaozhong , Zhu Guangheng , Chen Pingguo , Prud’homme Gerald J. , Lazarus Alan H. , Freedman John , Ni Heyu 
Published: June 2015

Key PointsCD8+ T cells play a predominantly protective role in both passive and active murine models of ITP. CD8+ T-regulatory cells contribute to efficacious response to steroid therapy and may be important diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for ITP.
Perinatal chronic hypoxia induces cortical inflammation, hypomyelination, and peripheral myelin-specific T cell autoreactivity
Authors: Ortega Sterling B , Kong Xiagmei , Venkataraman Ramgopal , Savedra Allen Michael , Kernie Steven G , Stowe Ann M , Raman Lakshmi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractpCH is an important risk factor for brain injury and long-term morbidity in children, occurring during the developmental stages of neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and myelination. We show that a rodent model of pCH results in an early decrease in mature myelin. Although pCH does increase progenitor oligodendrocytes in the developing brain, BrdU labeling revealed a loss in dividing progenitor oligodendrocytes, indicating a defect in mature cell replacement and myelinogenesis. Mice continued to exhibited hypomyelination, concomitant with long-term impairment of motor function, weeks after cessation of pCH. The implication of a novel neuroimmunologic interplay, pCH also induced a significant egress of infiltrating CD4 T cells into the developing brain. This pCH-mediated neuroinflammation included oligodendrocyte-directed autoimmunity, with an increase in peripheral myelin-specific CD4 T cells. Thus, both the loss of available, mature, myelin-producing glial cells and an active increase in autoreactive, myelin-specific CD4 T cell infiltration into pCH brains may contribute to early pCH-induced hypomyelination in the developing CNS. The elucidation of potential mechanisms of hypoxia-driven autoimmunity will expand our understanding of the neuroimmune axis during perinatal CNS disease states that may contribute to long-term functional disability.
Photobase Generators Liberating Two Bases by Absorbing One Photon and Their Application to Photosensitive Materials
Authors: Arimitsu Koji , Maruyama Yuya , Furutani Masahiro 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We propose a photobase generator (PBG) that liberates two bases by absorbing one photon. Phototriggered decarboxylation proceeds first to generate one base, and subsequently the unstable reaction intermediate is thermally decarboxylated to generate another base. It was found that the photosensitivity of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) films containing the PBG is much higher than that of films containing a conventional PBG that generates one base by absorbing one photon.
Synthesis of Co–Si Nanowires on Silicon Nanowires Assisted by Microplasma Treatment
Authors: Luo Daibing , Ma Daichuan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
High-density cobalt silicide nanowires (Co–Si NWs) were synthesized by a spontaneous chemical vapor transport (CVT) method combined with microplasma treatment on a silicon wafer covered with silicon nanowires (SiNWs). The nature of the Co–Si NWs formed on the SiNWs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A layer of cobalt silicide, mainly as CoSi2, was found to form on the surface of the SiNWs.
Synthesis of the Pyridine Hydrazones as Metal-free Artificial Nucleases
Authors: Li Zhifen , Qiao Jun , Jia Zhifang , Meng Shuangming 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this report, four pyridine hydrazones containing anthracene and triphenylamine as a new type of metal-free nucleases were synthesized. Results indicate that the conjugates can cleave the plasmid DNA to Form II or Form III under physiological conditions via hydrolytic pathway.
Cultural adaptation
Authors: Ley Graham 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Culture can be readily seen as a repository for adaptation, but if attention is given more resolutely to the idea of the plurality of cultures, then it is possible that we should adjust that rather simplistic perception drastically. This article presents a theory, expressed in broad but comprehensive terms, of the place of adaptation in the constitution of theatre, at many different originative moments. It also goes beyond the realms of film and theatre to suggest that human cultures not only express adaptation, but are founded from the beginning on the capacities of a uniquely adaptive species, from constant adjustments in material existence through to artistic practice. The article also examines how the idea of cultural adaptation can be found to be operative within current terminology applied to performance and ­society. Adaptation is the natural state of human cultures, not merely a facility within them, and the author draws on wide reading in the social sciences and the history of ­theatre to support his thesis.
The (Radio) Adventures of Mark Twain: Arch Oboler’s adaptations of Warners’ Picture
Authors: Killmeier Matthew A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article provides a critical cultural history of the radio-film adaptation series The Adventures of Mark Twain, which was written by Arch Oboler and commissioned by Warner Bros. to promote their picture, The Adventures of Mark Twain (1944). This series offers invaluable insights about Hollywood’s advertising of film on radio, its exploitation of films, and radio-film adaptations. Because Oboler’s Twain dramas directly and indirectly advertise the film, they serve as early examples of branded entertainment. Similarly, as Oboler tapped Twain material not addressed by the film, the series also serves as an antecedent of contemporary intermedial and transmedial adaptation. Recovering the interaction between Warner Bros. as sponsor and Oboler as writer, this article also addresses the complex question of adaptation authorship, and the general tensions between cultural expression and the cultural industries in American mass media.
European views on patients directly obtaining their laboratory test results
Authors: Watson Ian D. , Siodmiak Joanna , Oosterhuis Wytze P. , Corberand Joel , Jorgensen Per E. , Dikmen Zeliha Gunnur , Jovicic Snezana , Theodorsson Elvar , for the EFLM Working Group on Patie  
Published: June 2015

AbstractMedicine is a highly professionalized endeavour, by tradition centred on the authority of physicians. Better education and the advent of the information age cater for increased demands on society in general and on health care in particular to enable people to make informed decisions regarding themselves. Participation in medical decisions requires informed knowledge which is hard to obtain without substantial and time consuming professional help.We performed a survey amongst the member organizations of European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) in order to investigate the recognition and preparedness of providing help to patients in interpreting their laboratory results.Out of 40 EFLM Member Societies, 27 sent their responses to the survey. In most cases the first line delivery of laboratory results to physicians is by computer link (63%). Patients receive their laboratory results on demand from their physician in 60% of cases. However, 34% of laboratory specialists showed a negative attitude for delivering laboratory results to patients. Yet, in 48% of countries 1–5 patients per day ask a laboratory specialist about the significance of laboratory results outside the reference range. When patients are informed about the purpose of laboratory testing, they seek information primarily from their physician, followed by the internet and the Specialist in Laboratory Medicine.Changing practices increasingly enabling patient access to their records are on the increase facilitated by recent innovations in information technologies. Successful transfer of some of the responsibilities of physicians, demands a mutual triangular dialogue between the patient, their physician and laboratory medicine.
C-reactive protein and inflammation: conformational changes affect function
Authors: Wu Yi , Potempa Lawrence A. , El Kebir Driss , Filep János G. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The prototypic acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) has long been recognized as a useful marker and gauge of inflammation. CRP also plays an important role in host defense against invading pathogens as well as in inflammation. CRP consists of five identical subunits arranged as a cyclic pentamer. CRP exists in at least two conformationally distinct forms, i.e. native pentameric CRP (pCRP) and modified/monomeric CRP (mCRP). These isoforms bind to distinct receptors and lipid rafts, and exhibit distinct functional properties. Dissociation of pCRP into its subunits occurs within the inflammatory microenvironment and newly formed mCRP may then contribute to localizing the inflammatory response. Accumulating evidence indicates that pCRP possesses both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions in a context-dependent manner, whereas mCRP exerts potent pro-inflammatory actions on endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, leukocytes and platelets, and thus may amplify inflammation. Here, we review recent advances that may explain how conformational changes in CRP contribute to shaping the inflammatory response and discuss CRP isomers as potential therapeutic targets to dampen inflammation.
Categorical and gradient homophony avoidance: Evidence from Japanese
Authors: Kaplan Abby , Muratani Yuka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany languages have been claimed to have phonological patterns that are sensitive to the need to avoid homophony – for example, a rule that is blocked if it would create a surface form that is identical to another word in the language. Such patterns always involve comparisons between words in the same morphological paradigm (e.g., singular and plural forms with the same stem). The lone exception to this generalization is
Informativity affects consonant duration and deletion rates
Authors: Cohen Priva Uriel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe duration and occasional deletion rate of consonants differ from one language to another. What causes a language to preserve and lengthen some consonants but shorten and delete others? I show that the typology of consonant duration and occasional deletion in American English is affected by consonants’ informativity – their average local predictability. Informativity can explain why usually-predictable segments such as American English /t/ are likely to be reduced even when they are locally unpredictable, but usually-predictable segments are preserved even when they are redundant. I use four corpus studies to demonstrate that higher informativity leads to longer duration and reduced likelihood to delete even when other important factors such as the phonetic features, frequency, and local predictability of consonants are controlled for. The role of informativity in the duration and deletion rates of consonants can bridge the gap between phonetic performance and the actuation of phonological processes.
A low-temperature, environment-friendly approach to the synthesis of magnesium borates using magnesium waste scraps
Authors: Kaplan Aycin , Kipcak Azmi Seyhun , Senberber Fatma Tugce , Derun Emek Moroydor , Piskin Sabriye 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the present study, magnesium borate synthesis was performed by a hydrothermal mixing method, with the use of magnesium waste scraps (W) as the magnesium source, along with boric acid (H) or boron oxide (B) as the boron source. For an environment-friendly approach, a solid waste of magnesium was used at low reaction temperatures. Results of X-ray diffraction analyses showed that admontite [MgO(B
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ4-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato- κ5N,O:O’:O’’:O’’’)-(μ2-picolinato-κ2O:O’)-terbium(III)], C13H9N2O7Tb
Authors: Song Jin-Fan , Li Jing 
Published: June 2015

Abstract C13H9N2O7Tb, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.2251(7) Å, b = 14.148(1) Å, c = 10.513(1) Å, β = 95.760(2)°, V = 1365.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0177, wRref(F2) = 0.0392, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of benzylthiazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl-diazene, C13H10N4S
Authors: Li Shi-Hui , Zhang Rui , Zhang Meng-Yin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract C13H10N4S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.184(7) Å, b = 11.094(8) Å, c = 12.109(9) Å, β = 104.287(8)°, V = 1195.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0303, wRref(F2) = 0.0847, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(2-methyl-5-(6-(1-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,4- triazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyrazine manganese(II) dibromide, C19H15Br2MnN11
Authors: Wei Xue-Feng , Miao Juan , Shi Ling-Ling 
Published: June 2015

Abstract C19H15Br2MnN11, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 8.442(2) Å, b = 15.478(3) Å, c = 9.266(2) Å, β = 111.54(3)°, V = 1126.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0568, wRref(F2) = 0.1554, T = 293 K.
Striking at the Sacred: The Violence of Prayer, 1960-1969
Authors: Shearer Tobin Miller 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis essay explores the complex relationship between public prayer and violence during ten years of the Civil Rights Movement. During the 1960s and throughout the long civil rights era, activists who used the race-based, highly performative act of public prayer incited violence and drew the nation’s attention to the black freedom struggle. Study of the public prayers that led to violence further suggests that the introduction of prayer into public space acted as a conduit of moral judgment even when intended as a bridge of connection, a pattern that suggests the exercise of public prayer can be a catalyst for violence.
The Violence of Nonviolence in the Revelation of John
Authors: De Villiers Pieter G. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the conviction among many biblical scholars that Revelation is a nonviolent book. It first analyses some of the major arguments to support this thesis by investigating the book’s perspectives on martyrdom, on witness, its spiritualizing language, and its message of divine judgment. It then analyses in more depth how the non-violent message of the book is embedded in and reflects violent language, how its seemingly positive portrayal of women is in fact permeated by gender violence and how it portrays divine violence. The article concludes with brief hermeneutical remarks that reflect on how the offensive dimensions of Revelation’s violent non-violence can be interpreted.
Migration und Geschlecht
Authors: Spallek Jacob , Razum Oliver 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Migration ist im Gegensatz zur allgemeinen Wahrnehmung als der Zuwanderung von arbeitssuchenden Männern in der heutigen Welt mehrheitlich weiblich. Biologisches (Sex) und soziales (Gender) Geschlecht beeinflussen nicht nur, wer migriert und warum, sondern auch wie sich die Migration auf die soziale und gesundheitliche Situation der migrierenden Menschen auswirkt. In dieser Wechselwirkung sind biologisches Geschlecht und Gender sowohl wichtige Einflussgrößen als auch Mediatoren/Modifikatoren von Effekten anderer Faktoren auf die Gesundheit.
Spätaussiedler und Gesundheitskonzepte im Alter – was wissen wir?
Authors: Michalik Tanja , Walter Ulla 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Konzepte zur Gesundheit und Gesundheitserhaltung von älteren Spätaussiedlern sind kaum untersucht. Ihr Verständnis ist aber notwendig, um „gesundes und gelingendes Altern“ partizipativ und subjektorienteiert zu gestalten. Diese Vorsätze geben die Chance, Potentiale zu entdecken, und ermöglichen es, bedürfnisorientierte Maßnahmen zu Gesundheitserhaltung zu konzipieren.
Lampedusa in Berlin. Zum ethisch verantwortlichen Umgang mit Flüchtlingen und ihrer Gesundheit
Authors: Kostka Ulrike 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung:
Berlin erlebt stetig wachsende Flüchtlingszahlen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrungen aus der Flüchtlingsbetreuung des Caritasverbandes für das Erzbistum Berlin wird die ethische Frage diskutiert, welches Ausmaß an medizinischer Versorgung Flüchtlinge ohne legalen Aufenthaltsstatus bzw. im regulären Asylverfahren bekommen müssen. Niederschwellige medizinische Dienste sind staatlich zu fördern. Flüchtlinge müssen unabhängig vom Aufenthaltsstatus auch bei chronifizierten Krankheitszuständen eine medizinische Versorgung und generell eine Impfversorgung erhalten.
Kultursensibilität im Krankenhaus
Authors: Blum Karl , Steffen Petra 
Published: June 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Anteil der Personen mit Migrationsgeschichte in der Bevölkerung nimmt sukzessive zu. Der steigende Migrantenanteil stellt auch die Krankenhäuser vor besondere Herausforderungen. Eine kultursensible Patientenversorgung berücksichtigt sprachliche, kulturelle und religiöse Besonderheiten in der Behandlung und Betreuung von Patienten mit Migrationsgeschichte. Mit der Befragung nordrhein-westfälischer Krankenhäuser durch das Deutsche Krankenhausinstitut (DKI) erfolgte erstmalig eine grundlegende Bestandsaufnahme zur Kultursensibilität von Krankenhäusern in einem Bundesland.