bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An outbreak of serogroup C (ST-11) meningococcal disease in Tijuana, Mexico
Authors: Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Espinosa-De Los Monteros Luz Elena , Navarro-Alvarez Samuel , Aranda-Lozano Jose Luis , Volker-Soberanes Maria Luisa , Rivas-Landeros Rosa Maria , Alvelais-Arzamendi Ariadna Annete , Vazquez Julio Alberto 
Published: March 2014

Background Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has been reported to be endemic in children from Tijuana, Mexico and the risk of an outbreak was always a threat. Objectives To describe all clinical, epidemiological and microbiological features of a meningococcal outbreak that occurred in Tijuana, Mexico. Methods All cases with IMD were admitted at different emergency departments within the city and diagnosed by culture and agglutination tests. Further restriction fragment length polymorphism pulse field gel electrophoresis (RFLP–PFGE) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) were performed. All clinical and epidemiological characteristics and interventions were evaluated, as well as risk factors associated with mortality. Results From 30 January 2013 to 30 March 2013 there were 19 cases of IMD all caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C. The median age was 16 years (2–47), with higher frequency among individuals at least 13 years old (73.7%). At admission, meningitis was the main clinical presentation (94.7%), followed by purpura (78.9%), septic shock (42.1%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, 36.8%). Overall mortality was seven (36.8%). Variables associated with higher mortality were, at admission, presence of septic shock, DIC and thrombocytopenia less than 70,000. All 19 cases had no identifiable site or cluster as the source of the outbreak. RFLP-PFGE showed a discriminatory power for only one profile on all N. meningitidis strains analyzed and a clone ST-11 was identified in all strains. Public health interventions were continuous case reporting of all suspected cases of IMD, an increase in active surveillance in all hospitals, training of medical and laboratory personnel, massive and rapid chemoprophylaxis to all close contacts as indicated, and promotion of good health habits. Conclusions An outbreak with high mortality of IMD occurred in Tijuana, Mexico. This event and evidence of endemicity should encourage health authorities to evaluate meningococcal vaccination in the region.
Energy efficiency analysis of relay-assisted cellular networks
Authors: Yu Huan , Li Yunzhou , Kountouris Marios , Xu Xibin , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
To meet the demand for higher throughput, improved coverage and enhanced reliability, future wireless cellular networks face significant technical challenges. One promising solution is to place relay stations between transmitters and receivers in the cellular network. Meanwhile, as energy consumption reduction has been an important concern for the wireless industry, energy-efficient communications is of prime interest for future networks. In this paper, we study whether and how relays can improve the energy efficiency of cellular networks. Specifically, the energy efficiency of relay-assisted cellular networks is analyzed using tools of stochastic geometry. We first derive the coverage probability for the macro base station (MBS) to user (UE), the MBS to relay station (RS), and the RS to UE links, and then we model the power consumption at the MBS and RS. Based on the analytical model and expressions, the energy efficiency of relay-assisted cellular networks is then evaluated and is shown to be strictly quasi-concave on the transmit power for MBS to UE link or the RS to UE link. Numerical results show that the energy efficiency first improves while it hits a ceiling as the MBS density increases.
Defective skeletogenesis and oversized otoliths in fish early stages in a changing ocean
Authors: Pimentel Marta S. , Faleiro Filipa , Dionísio Gisela , Repolho Tiago , Pousão Pedro , Machado Jorge , Rosa Rui 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEarly life stages of many marine organisms are being challenged by rising seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations, but their physiological responses to these environmental changes still remain unclear. In the present study, we show that future predictions of ocean warming (+4°C) and acidification (ΔpH = 0.5 units) may compromise the development of early life stages of a highly commercial teleost fish, Solea senegalensis. Exposure to future conditions caused a decline in hatching success and larval survival. Growth, metabolic rates and thermal tolerance increased with temperature but decreased under acidified conditions. Hypercapnia and warming amplified the incidence of deformities by 31.5% (including severe deformities such as lordosis, scoliosis and kyphosis), while promoting the occurrence of oversized otoliths (109.3% increase). Smaller larvae with greater skeletal deformities and larger otoliths may face major ecophysiological challenges, which might potentiate substantial declines in adult fish populations, putting in jeopardy the species fitness under a changing ocean.
Rare event simulation for diffusion processes via two-stage importance sampling
Authors: Metzler Adam , Scott Alexandre 
Published: March 2014

Abstract.
We consider the problem of estimating expected values of functionals of real-valued diffusions over regions in path space that have very small probability. We propose a two-stage importance sampling procedure that first converts the problem into one involving standard Brownian motion and then addresses the rare event problem in this simpler setting. In order to identify an effective yet practical importance measure we propose using a time-dependent deterministic drift that minimizes the relative entropy between the corresponding importance measure and the conditional law of the standard Brownian motion, given that its trajectory lies in the region of interest. We provide numerical evidence that (i) our entropy-based criteria performs favourably with an alternative, but less general and less practical, criteria based on large deviations and (ii) our two-stage procedure performs admirably in cases where the region of interest is so rare that crude estimators fail completely.
Bernardo de Brihuega y la colección hagiográfica del ms. BNE 10252
Authors: Bautista Francisco 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe article offers a study of the hagiographical collection contained in MS BNE 10252. The author discusses the material characteristics of the codex, the sources of the collection and its organization. All this proves its independence from theLegenda aureaby Jacopo da Varazze and from the rest of Castilian hagiographical collections in vernacular. Subsequently, the relationship of MS 10252 with the PortugueseVidas e paixões dos apóstolos(a translation made during the fourteenth century), based on a section of Bernardo de Brihuega’sVitae patrum(c. 1270), is examined. The connections between the Castilian collection and theVidas e paixõesshow that both derive in part from the same translation and adaptation of theVitae patrum, which was procuced most likely at the court of Alfonso X (1252–1284), in the context of the composition of theGeneral estoria.
Notas sobre las interferencias lingüísticas del catalán en el español de Cataluña
Authors: Sastre Moisés Selfa 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Spanish used in Catalonia presents, mostly in oral contexts, but also often in writing, cases of lexical calques and literal translations from the other official language with which it coexists in this geographical area: Catalan. In this paper, we deal with the verbs and verbal usages in the Spanish language used in Catalonia, in which interference phenomena appears in the speech of our informants. The examples found and hereby literally transcribed spring from conversations held with native Spanish speakers in Catalonia. As we will explain in this paper, this phenomenon, the interference of Catalan in the Spanish used in Catalonia, is one of the features that best characterizes the spoken use of Spanish in the Catalan territory. We will also show how, in some cases, the Spanish Catalan-influenced verb usage is not ungrammatical but there exist more appropriate normative verbal choices to use in oral contexts.
Vita et Sito de Zychi di Giorgio Interiano
Authors: Crifò Francesco , Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Vita et Sito de Zychi of Giorgio Interiano which appeared in 1502 has received little attention so far. This paper provides a historical and linguistic classification, detailed information about the existing editions and translations and their reception as well as a complete annotated transcription of the Editio princeps from 1502.
A Computer Vision Approach to Automatically Measure the Initial Spin-Rate of Artillery Projectiles Painted With Stripes
Authors: Decker Ryan J. , Kölsch Mathias , Yakimenko Oleg A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
High-speed video has been used by ballistics engineers as a cost-effective technique to measure the spin-rates of both spin-stabilized and fin-stabilized artillery projectiles. Often at test ranges, state-of-the-art video systems are used to verify critical launch events following muzzle exit. From manual analysis of these videos, important performance metrics such as velocity, pitch angle, and spin-rate can be estimated. To do this, operators step through the video frames and record the time at which certain fiducial markings or numbered stripes are observed on the projectile as it rotates. The different methods evaluated in this paper are automated processes for calculating the muzzle-exit spin-rate from launch videos of spin-stabilized artillery projectiles painted with stripes. Image processing and computer vision techniques are employed to segment the shape of the projectile and extract the stripe pattern in each video frame. The most accurate algorithm estimates are validated to within 0.02 % for both laboratory and computer-simulated flight video and within 0.13 % for manual analysis of real flight video. The sensitivities of the methods to image resolution, video frame-rate, and the length of flight captured are evaluated. Areas of continued research and recommendations for increasing the accuracy of measurements in future tests are also identified.
Suppression of cerebral aneurysm formation in rats by a tumor necrosis factor–α inhibitor
Authors: Yokoi Toshihiro , Isono Takahiro , Saitoh Makoto , Yoshimura Yayoi , Nozaki Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2014

Object
Although cerebral aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease for humans, effective medical treatments have not yet been established. Recent reports have shown that regression of some inflammatory-related mediators has protective effects in experimental cerebral aneurysm models. This study corroborated the effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) inhibitor for experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats.

Methods
Five-week-old male rats were prepared for induction of cerebral aneurysms and divided into 3 groups, 2 groups administered different concentrations of a TNF-α inhibitor (etanercept), and 1 control group. One month after aneurysm induction, 7-T MRI was performed. The TNF-α inhibitor groups received subcutaneous injection of 25 μg or 2.5 μg of etanercept, and the control group received subcutaneous injection of normal saline every week. The TNF-α inhibitor administrations were started at 1 month after aneurysm induction to evaluate its suppressive effects on preexisting cerebral aneurysms. Arterial circles of Willis were obtained and evaluated 3 months after aneurysm induction.

Results
Rats administered a TNF-α inhibitor experienced significant increases in media thickness and reductions in aneurysmal size compared with the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that treatment with a TNF-α inhibitor suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–9 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression through the luminal surface of the endothelial cell layer, the media and the adventitia at the site of aneurysmal formation, and the anterior cerebral artery–olfactory artery bifurcation. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction also showed suppression of MMP-9 and iNOS by TNF-α inhibitor administration.

Conclusions
Therapeutic administration of a TNF-α inhibitor significantly reduced the formation of aneurysms in rats. These data also suggest that TNF-α suppression reduced some inflammatory-related mediators that are in the downstream pathway of nuclear factor-κB.
Microsurgery: The Top 50 Classic Papers in Plastic Surgery: A Citation Analysis
Authors: Joyce Cormac Weekes , Carroll Sean Michael 
Published: March 2014

Background
The number of citations that a published article has received reflects the importance of the paper in the particular area of practice. In microsurgery, thus far, which journal articles are cited most frequently is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the characteristics of the top 50 papers in the field of microsurgery in the plastic surgery literature.
Methods
The 50 most cited papers published in high impact plastic surgery and microsurgery journals were identified. The articles were ranked in the order of the number of citations received. These 50 classic papers were analyzed for article type, journal distribution, and geographic and institutional origin.
Results
Six international journals contributed to the top 50 papers in microsurgery. The most cited paper reported on the early use of the vascularized bone graft and was cited 116 times. The top 50 papers originated from just 10 countries with the United States producing the most. The Preston and Northcote Community Hospital, Melbourne published 5 papers and this was the most productive institution in the top 50.
Conclusions
These papers represent many important milestones in the relatively short history of microsurgery. Furthermore, our citation analysis provides useful information to budding authors as to what makes a paper attain a "classic" status.
A cascading failure during the 24 May 2013 great Okhotsk deep earthquake
Authors: Chen Yu , Wen Lianxing , Ji Chen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOn 24 May 2013, the largest ever‐recorded deep earthquake occurred beneath Sea of Okhotsk. A multiple point source inversion procedure is applied to constrain source process of this earthquake, based on waveform modeling of both direct P and SH waves and near‐surface reflected pP and sSH waves. Our results indicate that the earthquake consists of six major subevents separated in space and time, encompassing a horizontal dimension of 64 ± 4 km along ~ N160°E and a downward depth extension of 35 ± 4 km. The geographic distribution and focal mechanisms of the inferred subevents and foreshock/aftershock locations do not fit into plane rupture. We suggest that the earthquake can be best explained by a cascading failure of shear instability within preexisting weak zones in the region, with the perturbation of stress generated by a shear instability triggering another.
Dielectric properties of C60 and Sc3N@C80 fullerenol containing polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Ahmed Hanaa M. , Hassan Mohammad K. , Mauritz Kenneth A. , Bunkley Steven L. , Buchanan Randy K. , Buchanan J. Paige 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPolymer–fullerene nanocomposites consisting of linear polyurethane (PU) chains crosslinked via increasing loadings of polyhydroxylated fullerenes (C60 and Sc3N@C80, a metallic nitride fullerene) were prepared and characterized for their mechanical and dielectric properties using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Fullerene–polymer networks [C60‐PU and Sc3N@C80‐PU] having high gel fractions, good mechanical properties and thermal stabilities were produced. Polyhydroxylated fullerenes C60(OH)29 and Sc3N@C80(OH)18 were synthesized in high yield through a high‐speed vibration milling method and characterized using FTIR, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. DMA of fullerene–PU networks indicates Tg ∼ −50°C, with a sub‐Tg relaxation due to local chain motions. BDS analyses of the fullerenes, before and after hydroxylation and before incorporation into the networks, revealed one relaxation and large real permittivity (ε′) values for C60(OH)29 relative to C60. Analogous samples for Sc3N@C80 exhibit two relaxations, where the extra relaxation is attributed to motions of the cage‐encapsulated Sc3N clusters. ε′ values for Sc3N@C80‐PU at a given frequency are higher than corresponding values for C60‐PU, likely because of the rotationally mobile Sc3N encapsulates. Surface and bulk resistivities of fullerene–PU networks were found to have a modest dependence on relative humidity. Capacitance versus voltage characteristics of the fullerene–PUs were also studied in the range of the applied dc bias voltage of −30 to +30 v. It is generally concluded, based on all the evidence that this class of materials can be rendered quite polarizable and could be used as high dielectric permittivity materials in capacitance applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40577.
Special section: Information policy
Authors: Loveday Brandi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYThe ASIS&T Special Interest Group on Information Policy (SIG/IFP) provides a forum for members to express their views and concerns about a key element of the association's purpose, “to promote informed policy on national and international information issues.” Supporting that purpose, contributors explore Fifth Amendment protections, mobile data privacy, governmental use of cookies, self‐destructing data, access to government information in Canada and how privacy has fared since the events of September 11, 2001. There are daily changes in information policy, often little noticed despite their significant consequences. Yet despite careers dedicated to research on information and its implications, those in the information science domain have remarkably little presence in discussions. ASIS&T members are urged to become knowledgeable about information policy, engage in debate and become involved, living up to the association's stated purpose.
The power of data or why scholars should pay attention to policy
Authors: Caidi Nadia , Stevenson Siobhan , Richmond Ted 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEDITOR'S SUMMARYThe proposal to abandon Canada's long‐form census is one example of an alarming shift to cut production of and public access to authoritative scientific data, undermining formation of good public policy. This is contrary to official pronouncements since 1996 recognizing data and information technology as critical resources necessary to promote innovation, wealth, service delivery and global competitiveness. More ubiquitous technology and wider access to information have not translated into better quality of life and good government relations. National policy formation increasingly takes place without the benefit of valid information, in an environment where government transparency is blocked, information gathering is curtailed and access is restricted. From a political economy perspective, information serving capital accumulation is valued over that serving social welfare. Discussion of factors leading to information restrictions and the policy implications should be strongly encouraged among the populace, in academia and throughout social media.
Protecting location privacy and query privacy: a combined clustering approach
Authors: Lin Chi , Wu Guowei , Yu Chang Wu 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a combined clustering algorithm namely enhanced clustering cloak (ECC), for protecting location privacy and query privacy is proposed. An iterative K‐means clustering method is developed to group the user requests into clusters for providing location safety. Meanwhile, a hierarchical clustering method for preserving the query privacy is used when creating clusters. ECC provides users with desirable spatial and temporal tolerances. It can defend sampling attacks, homogeneity attacks, and query association attacks simultaneously. Simulation results present that the ECC algorithm not only has merits in smaller number of clusters, shorter cloaking time, higher entropy and QoS level but also preserves location privacy and query privacy in continuous location based services. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tröger's Bases Bearing Groups Sensitive to Reduction
Authors: Havlík Martin , Dolenský Bohumil , Jakubek Milan , Král Vladimír 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn efficient approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted Tröger's base derivatives is reported. This approach is based on the N‐alkylation of an arylamine by tert‐butyl [2‐(bromomethyl)aryl]carbamate to give the corresponding diamine, which is subsequently converted into a Tröger's base derivative using paraformaldehyde in trifluoroacetic acid. The mild conditions of this approach allow the preparation of Tröger's base derivatives bearing electron‐withdrawing functional groups sensitive to reducing conditions, as demonstrated by the preparation of twelve Tröger's base derivatives in overall yields of 62 to 76 %.
Synthesis of a Novel P‐Chiral 1,3‐Oxaphospholane from Optically Pure Propylene Oxide
Authors: Huang Kexuan , Emge Thomas J. , Zhang Xumu 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNovel synthesis of P‐chiral 1,3‐oxaphospholane starting from optically pure propylene oxide is described. The exact structure is confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis.
Prostaglandin E2‐Dependent Blockade of Actomyosin and Stress Fibre Formation Is Mediated Through S1379 Phosphorylation of ROCK2
Authors: Gerarduzzi Casimiro , He QingWen , Antoniou John , Di Battista John A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTProstaglandin E2 is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid that controls cytoskeletal alterations, although the precise G‐protein coupled EP receptor signalling mechanisms remain ill defined. We adopted a phosphoproteomic approach to characterize post‐receptor downstream signalling substrates using antibodies that selectively recognize and immunoprecipitate phosphorylated substrates of a number of kinases. Using human synovial fibroblasts in monolayer cell culture, PGE2 induced rapid and sustained changes in cellular morphology and reduction in cytoplasmic volume that were associated with disassembly of the phalloidin‐stained stress fibres as judged by light and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, PGE2 induced a rapid dephosphorylation of myosin light chain II (MLC) at S19 under basal or cytokine‐induced conditions that was linked to an activation of myosin light chain phosphatase. The use of specific synthetic EP agonists suggested that the response was mediated by EP2 receptors, as other EP agonists did not manifest the same effect on MLC phosphorylation. In addition, PGE2 induced sustained Y118 dephosphorylation of phospho‐paxillin and loss of focal adhesions as observed by confocal microscopy and Western analysis. Phosphoproteomic analysis of PGE2/GPCR/PKA phosphosubstrates identified a unique, non‐redundant, phosphorylated (>30‐fold) site on rho‐associated coiled coil‐containing kinase 2 (ROCK2) at S1379. Analysis of ROCK2 mutant behaviour (e.g. S1379A) in overexpression studies revealed that PGE2‐dependent phosphorylation of ROCK2 resulted in the inhibition of the kinase, since induced MLC phosphorylation was no longer blocked by PGE2 nor could PGE2 induce disassembly of stress fibres. Thus, PGE2‐dependent blockade of actomyosin fibre formation, characteristic of myofibroblasts, may be mediated through specific ROCK2 S1379 phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1516–1527, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.