bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hyperinflation and Left Ventricular Mass
Authors: Smith Benjamin M. , Kawut Steven M. , Bluemke David A. , Basner Robert C. , Gomes Antoinette S. , Hoffman Eric , Kalhan Ravi , Lima João A.C. , Liu Chia-Ying , Michos Erin D. , Prince Martin R. , Rabbani LeRoy , Rabinowitz Daniel , Shimbo Daichi , Shea Steven , Barr R. Graham 
Published: March 2013

Background—
Left ventricular (LV) mass is an important predictor of heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, yet determinants of LV mass are incompletely understood. Pulmonary hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may contribute to changes in intrathoracic pressure that increase LV wall stress. We therefore hypothesized that residual lung volume in COPD would be associated with greater LV mass.

Methods and Results—

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study recruited smokers 50 to 79 years of age who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease. LV mass was measured by cardiac magnetic resonance. Pulmonary function testing was performed according to guidelines. Regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, body size, blood pressure, and other cardiac risk factors. Among 119 MESA COPD Study participants, the mean age was 69±6 years, 55% were male, and 65% had COPD, mostly of mild or moderate severity. Mean LV mass was 128±34 g. Residual lung volume was independently associated with greater LV mass (7.2 g per 1-SD increase in residual volume; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–12;
P
=0.004) and was similar in magnitude to that of systolic blood pressure (7.6 g per 1-SD increase in systolic blood pressure; 95% confidence interval, 4.3–11;
P
<0.001). Similar results were observed for the ratio of LV mass to end-diastolic volume (
P
=0.02) and with hyperinflation measured as residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (
P
=0.009).

Conclusions—
Pulmonary hyperinflation, as measured by residual lung volume or residual lung volume to total lung capacity ratio, is associated with greater LV mass.
Lipid Profile, Lipid-lowering Medications, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage After tPA in Get With The Guidelines–Stroke
Authors: Messé Steven R. , Pervez Muhammad A. , Smith Eric E. , Siddique Khawaja A. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Peterson Eric D. , Schwamm Lee H. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke is associated with poor outcome. There are conflicting data on sICH risk related to lipid levels and use of lipid-lowering medications. We evaluated whether there are associations between lipid levels, lipid-lowering medications, and sICH in Get With the Guidelines-Stroke.

Methods—
We identified acute ischemic stroke patients in the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke data set who were treated with IV tissue plasminogen activator between April 2003 and September 2009 and had complete data on lipid profiles and complications. Potential predictors of sICH were tested in univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results—

The analysis included 22 216 IV tissue plasminogen activator–treated acute ischemic stroke patients. Overall, 1104 (4.97%) experienced sICH (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke definition). In univariate analysis, patients with sICH were more often taking antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and diabetes mellitus medications. There was no relationship between low density lipoprotein or total cholesterol and sICH in univariate analysis. However, the risk of sICH increased with higher high density lipoprotein, 6.1% in Q4 versus 4.7% in Q1,
P
=0.0013; and lower triglyceride levels, 5.9% in Q1 versus 4.2% in Q4,
P
<0.0001. In multivariable models, although the high density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were modestly associated with sICH, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were not. Lipid-lowering medications were not independently associated with sICH.

Conclusions—
We found that low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels are not associated with risk of sICH after tissue plasminogen activator, although higher high density lipoprotein and lower triglyceride levels were modest risk factors. Lipid-lowering medications are not associated with risk of sICH.
External Validation of the ASTRAL Score to Predict 3- and 12-Month Functional Outcome in the China National Stroke Registry
Authors: Liu Gaifen , Ntaios George , Zheng Huaguang , Wang Yilong , Michel Patrik , Wang David Zheng , Fang Jiming , Papavasileiou Vasileios , Liu Liping , Dong Kehui , Wang Chunxue , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
The ASTRAL score was recently introduced as a prognostic tool for acute ischemic stroke. It predicts 3-month outcome reliably in both the derivation and the validation European cohorts. We aimed to validate the ASTRAL score in a Chinese stroke population and moreover to explore its prognostic value to predict 12-month outcome.

Methods—
We applied the ASTRAL score to acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to 132 study sites of the China National Stroke Registry. Unfavorable outcome was assessed as a modified Rankin Scale score >2 at 3 and 12 months. Areas under the curve were calculated to quantify the prognostic value. Calibration was assessed by comparing predicted and observed probability of unfavorable outcome using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results—
Among 3755 patients, 1473 (39.7%) had 3-month unfavorable outcome. Areas under the curve for 3 and 12 months were 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. There was high correlation between observed and expected probability of unfavorable 3- and 12-month outcome (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.964 and 0.963, respectively).

Conclusions—
ASTRAL score is a reliable tool to predict unfavorable outcome at 3 and 12 months after acute ischemic stroke in the Chinese population. It is a useful tool that can be readily applied in clinical practice to risk-stratify acute stroke patients.
Axonchoides smokyensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Belondiridae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: the second species of a very rare genus
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Abolafia Joaquín , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Abolafia Joaquín , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Abolafia Joaquín , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Ye Weimin , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Abolafia Joaquín , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Ye Weimin , Robbins Robert T. 
Published: March 2013

Axonchoides smokyensis sp. n., collected from a natural forest area in Tennessee, USA, is described and illustrated, including LM and SEM pictures as well as molecular (rRNA SSU-ITS1 and LSU D2/D3) sequences. The new species is characterised by its body length of 2.56-3.18 mm, lip region continuous and 10-12 μm wide, odontostyle 10-13 μm long, neck 662-789 μm long, anterior portion of pharynx enlarging gradually, pharyngeal expansion 407-548 μm long or 60-70% of the total neck length and surrounded by a strong muscular sheath with nearly longitudinal bands, female genital system pseudodidelphic-monodelphic with anterior branch lacking a functional ovary and posterior one bearing a long and tripartite uterus, V = 42-46, female tail slightly clavate (27-34 μm, c = 84-105, c′ = 0.8-1.0), male tail short and rounded (34-38 μm, c = 87-113, c′ = 0.7-0.9), spicules 49-53 μm long, and five or six widely spaced ventromedian supplements outside the range of the spicules. The taxonomy of Axonchoides is discussed on the base of morphological and molecular evidence, and an emended diagnosis proposed. It was easily differentiated from other sequenced dorylaimid taxa, but phylogenetic analysis from SSU and LSU failed satisfactorily to resolve its placement in Dorylaimina.
Integrated approach for the management of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on eggplant under field conditions
Authors: Singh Satyandra 
Published: March 2013

A 2-year field study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly field application method for controlling root-knot disease of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The test sites were heavily infested with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The efficacy of neem cake (1.5 t ha−1), talc-based preparations of Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 kg ha−1) and Trichoderma harzianum (10 kg ha−1) as soil application and seed treatment (10 g (kg seed)−1) were tested to develop an integrated nematode management module against M. incognita infecting eggplant. Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of eggplant. Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher in the plant where neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum had been applied, than in both M. incognita-infected plants and other treatments. The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (81%) and reproductive factor (Pf∕Pi < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment. It also enhanced yield of eggplant by up to 70%. It is suggested that integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot disease of eggplant under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers. This approach also has potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual biological control agent.
Control of Decadal and Bidecadal Climate Variability in the Tropical Pacific by the Off-Equatorial South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tatebe Hiroaki , Imada Yukiko , Mori Masato , Kimoto Masahide , Hasumi Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Delayed negative feedback processes determining intrinsic decadal and bidecadal time scales for the tropical variability in the Pacific are investigated based on climate model experiments. By comparing a control run driven by preindustrial forcing and partial blocking runs driven by the same forcing but with ocean temperature and salinity restored to climatology in selected regions, subsurface oceanic signals of South Pacific origin are shown to precede SST variability in the Niño-3.4 region. Using a linear reduced-gravity ocean model driven only by wind stress changes and an offline tracer model, oceanic wave adjustment triggered by changes of wind stress curl in the South Pacific extratropics is suggested to be essential for the decadal component of the equatorial SST, while slower isopycnal advection of subsurface temperature anomalies from the formation region of South Pacific Eastern Subtropical Mode Water controls the bidecadal component. The intrinsic time scales of the tropical variability are regulated by simple linear ocean dynamics.
ENSO Contribution to Aerosol Variations over the Maritime Continent and the Western North Pacific during 2000–10
Authors: Wu Renguang , Wen Zhiping , He Zhuoqi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study investigates interannual aerosol variations over the Maritime Continent and the western North Pacific Ocean and aerosol–cloud–precipitation relationship during the period 2000–10 based on monthly-mean anomalies. The local aerosol–cloud–precipitation relationship displays strong regional characteristics. The aerosol variation is negatively correlated with cloud and precipitation variation over the Maritime Continent, but is positively correlated with cloud and precipitation variation over the region southeast of Japan. Over broad subtropical oceanic regions, the aerosol variation is positively correlated with cloud variation, but has a weak correlation with precipitation variation. Aerosol variations over the Maritime Continent and over the region southeast of Japan display a biennial feature with an obvious phase lag of about 8 months in the latter region during 2001–07. This biennial feature is attributed to the impacts of El Niño events on aerosol variations in these regions through large-scale circulation and precipitation changes. Around October of El Niño–developing years, the suppressed precipitation over the Maritime Continent favors an aerosol increase by reducing the wet deposition and setting up dry conditions favorable for fire burning. During early summer of El Niño–decaying years, suppressed heating around the Philippines as a delayed response to El Niño warming induces an anomalous lower-level cyclone over the region to the southeast of Japan through an atmospheric teleconnection, leading to an accumulation of aerosol and increase of precipitation. The aerosol–precipitation relationship shows an obvious change with time over eastern China, leading to an overall weak correlation.
What do 1000 smokers with mental illness say about their tobacco use?
Authors: Ashton Maxie , Rigby Ashlee , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: March 2013

Objective: To determine what motivates smokers with mental illness to participate in a smoking cessation or reduction programme and to report their attendance and cessation rates. Method: A group programme was provided to assist smokers with mental illness to cease or reduce their use of tobacco. People who registered to address their tobacco use completed a questionnaire which included information about their mental health, tobacco use, and what they wanted to achieve by attending the programme. Results: A total of 1043 smokers living with mental illness contacted the programme and asked for help to address their tobacco use between 2000 and 2011. At the first contact they were smoking an average of 27.4 cigarettes per day and had been smoking for 23.8 years, and 87% said they wanted to quit tobacco and a further 10% wanted to smoke less: 85% said they were concerned about the effect that smoking tobacco was having on their health, 56% were concerned for financial reasons, and nearly half (47.6%) said that they were concerned about both their physical health and their financial situation. In Adelaide, 148 Tobacco Free programmes were provided by mental health services. Of those who attended at least one session and completed an evaluation at the end of the programme, 22.5% reported not smoking. Most remained motivated to continue to address their tobacco use and many registered for a further programme. Conclusions: Many smokers living with serious mental illness are concerned about the impact of tobacco use on their health and finances and are motivated to address it. Group treatment programmes specifically designed for these people can achieve good cessation rates and should be readily accessible to all smokers with mental illness.
Longitudinal Changes in Suck-Swallow-Breathe, Oxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate Patterns in Term Breastfeeding Infants
Authors: Sakalidis Vanessa S. , Kent Jacqueline C. , Garbin Catherine P. , Hepworth Anna R. , Hartmann Peter E. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: March 2013

Background: Despite the differences in breastfeeding and bottle-feeding, our understanding of how suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB), oxygenation, and heart rate patterns change as the infant ages is based predominantly on bottle-feeding studies. Therefore, this study aimed to measure how SSwB, oxygenation, and heart rate patterns changed during the first 4 months of lactation in term breastfeeding infants. Methods: Infants less than 1 month postpartum (n = 15) were monitored early in lactation and again later in lactation (2-4 months postpartum). Simultaneous recordings of vacuum, tongue movement, respiration, swallowing, oxygen saturation, and heart rate were made during both nutritive sucking and non-nutritive sucking during breastfeeding. Results: Infants transferred a similar amount of milk ( P = .15) over a shorter duration later in lactation ( P = .04). Compared to early lactation, suck bursts became longer ( P < .001), pauses became shorter ( P < .001), vacuum levels decreased (all P < .05), oxygen saturation increased ( P < .001), and heart rate decreased ( P < .001) later in lactation. Conclusion: This study confirmed that term infants become more efficient at breastfeeding as they age, primarily by extending their suck bursts and pausing less. Although infants demonstrated satisfactory SSwB coordination during early lactation, they showed a level of adaption or conditioning at later lactation by applying weaker vacuum levels and demonstrating improved cardiorespiratory responses.
Introducing Solids and Water to Australian Infants
Authors: Brodribb Wendy , Miller Yvette 
Published: March 2013

Background: Recommendations for the introduction of solids and fluids to an infant’s diet have changed over the past decade. Since these changes, there has been minimal research to determine patterns in the introduction of foods and fluids to infants. Methods: This retrospective cohort study surveyed mothers who birthed in Queensland, Australia, from February 1 to May 31, 2010, around 4 months postpartum. Frequencies of foods and fluids given to infants at 4, 8, 13, and 17 weeks were described. Logistic regression determined associations between infant feeding practices, the introduction of other foods and fluids at 17 weeks, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Response rate was 35.8%. At 17 weeks, 68% of infants were breastfed and 33% exclusively breastfed. Solids and water had been introduced in 8.6% and 35.0% of infants, respectively. The introduction of solids by 17 weeks was associated with younger maternal age and the infant being given water and infant formula at 4 weeks. The infant being given water at 17 weeks was associated with younger maternal age, the infant being given infant formula at 4 weeks, level of education, relative socioeconomic disadvantage, parity, and birth facility. Conclusion: Over the past decade, there has been a significant reduction in the proportion of infants in Australia who have been given solids by 17 weeks. Sociodemographic characteristics and formula feeding practices at 4 weeks were associated with the introduction of solids and water by 17 weeks. Further research should examine these barriers to improve compliance with current infant feeding recommendations.
Temporary Kirschner Wire Transfixation Versus Strapping Dressing After Second MTP Joint Realignment Surgery
Authors: Holinka Johannes , Schuh Reinhard , Hofstaetter Jochen G. , Wanivenhaus Axel Hugo 
Published: March 2013

Background: Instability of the second metatarsophalageal (MTP) joint is a common disorder of the forefoot and can be addressed operatively. The objective of this study was to compare a temporary K-wire fixation (tKW) to a postoperative strapping dressing (SD) after realignment surgery of second MTP instability in combination with correction of claw toe deformity. Methods: Fifty-four consecutive patients with metatarsal index plus or neutral and a collective total of 62 operative interventions were examined at 10 years postoperatively. The operative intervention included dorsal capsulotomy, incision of the extensor hood, and lengthening of the extensor tendon. All operations were carried out at a single institution by orthopedic surgeons experienced in foot surgery. One team preferred fixation with tKW, whereas the other team used only noninvasive SD for postoperative management. The assessment included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal score as well as the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Kaplan Meier analysis with recurrence of subluxation as the end point was performed, and plain radiographs of the forefoot were investigated. Results: Survival without recurrence of second MTP subluxation was significantly higher in the tKW group (93%) compared with the SD group (88%) ( P < .001). There was no statistical significant difference in pre- to postoperative AOFAS and VAS pain between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Temporary K-wire fixation had a significantly lower recurrence rate of second MTP subluxation compared with postoperative SD for postoperative alignment management in second MTP instability. Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.
Cost Comparison
Authors: Gil Joseph , Schiff Adam P. , Pinzur Michael S. 
Published: March 2013

Background: The negative impact on health-related quality of life in patients with Charcot foot has prompted operative correction of the acquired deformity. Comparative effectiveness financial models are being introduced to provide valuable information to assist clinical decision making. Methods: Seventy-six patients with Charcot foot underwent operative correction with the use of circular external fixation. Thirty-eight (50%) had osteomyelitis. A control group was created from 17 diabetic patients who successfully underwent transtibial amputation and prosthetic fitting during the same period. Cost of care during the 12 months following surgery was derived from inpatient hospitalization, placement in a rehabilitation unit or skilled nursing facility, home health care including parenteral antibiotic therapy, physical therapy, and purchase of prosthetic devices or footwear. Results: Fifty-three of the patients with limb salvage (69.7%) did not require inpatient rehabilitation. Their average cost of care was $56,712. Fourteen of the patients with amputation (82.4%) required inpatient rehabilitation, with an average cost of $49,251. Conclusions: Many surgeons now favor operative correction of Charcot foot deformity. This investigation provides preliminary data on the relative cost of transtibial amputation and prosthetic limb fitting compared with limb salvage. The use of comparative effectiveness models such as this simple attempt may provide valuable information in planning resource allocation for similar complex groups of patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, economic and decision analysis.
Platelets activated during myocardial infarction release functional miRNA, which can be taken up by endothelial cells and regulate ICAM1 expression
Authors: Gidlöf Olof , van der Brug Marcel , Öhman Jenny , Gilje Patrik , Olde Björn , Wahlestedt Claes , Erlinge David 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsPatients with myocardial infarction have altered platelet miRNA profiles. Activated platelets release miRNAs that can be taken up by endothelial cells and regulate ICAM-1 gene expression.
Estimate hidden dynamic profiles of siRNA effect on apoptosis
Authors: Ueda Takanori , Tominaga Daisuke , Araki Noriko , Yoshikawa Tomohiro 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
For the representation of RNA interference (RNAi) dynamics, several mathematical models based on systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have been proposed. These models consist of equations for each molecule that are involved in RNAi phenomena. Therefore, many real-value parameters must be optimized to identify the models. They also have many ‘hidden variables’, which cannot be observed directly through experimentation. Calculation of the values of the hidden variables is generally very difficult, if not impossible in some special cases. Identification of the ODE models is also quite difficult.

Results
We show that the simplified logistic Lotka-Volterra model, a well-established ODE model for biological and biochemical phenomena, can represent RNAi dynamics as a predator-prey system. Although a hidden variable exists in the model, its values can be determined and made visible as dynamic profiles of RNA-decomposing effects of siRNAs. Correlation analysis shows that the model parameters correlate highly with the total effect of the siRNA.

Conclusions
The results suggest that analyses using our model are useful to estimate dynamic profiles of siRNA effects on apoptosis and to score siRNA by its effects on apoptosis, namely ‘phenotypic scoring’.