bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEGASUS DA framework for distributed program execution control based on application global states monitoring
Authors: Tudruj Marek , Borkowski Janusz , Kopański Damian , Laskowski Eryk , Maśko Łukasz , Smyk Adam 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe paper presents basic design decisions taken in the implementation of a novel distributed program design framework Program Execution Governed by Asynchronous SUpervision of States in Distributed Applications (PEGASUS DA). This framework supports application program execution control design based on evolved automated program global states monitoring. The framework provides to a programmer a ready‐to‐use infrastructure for defining and handling local and global application states to be used as the basis for program execution control decisions. The paper presents how the provided infrastructure can be used for automated construction of strongly consistent application global states. Also, the use of global states for graphically supported specification of distributed program execution control is covered for clusters of multicore processors based on multithreading and message passing. Both architecture and implementation solutions applied for PEGASUS DA are discussed. Especially, multivariant algorithms for construction of program strongly consistent global states and methods for their use in the design of distributed program global execution control are shown. The use of PEGASUS DA is illustrated with an example of a traveling salesman problem solved by the branch and bound method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformations for early reply and forward message passing mechanisms
Authors: Olsson Ronald A. , Keen Aaron W. , Williamson Todd 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMessage passing notations (language, package, etc.) typically include some form of asynchronous or synchronous invocation. In a synchronous invocation, the invoker waits for the invocation's servicer to pass back results. Some message passing notations also include early reply or deferred reply (including forwarding), which alters how and when the servicer passes back its results; this additional flexibility is useful in realistic applications. It is well known how to transform a synchronous invocation into only asynchronous invocations. This paper extends such transformations to early reply and forward. This paper also describes the use of these transformations within the implementations of programming notations. Using the transformation simplifies the implementation without significantly affecting run‐time costs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue vascularization through 3D printing: Will technology bring us flow?
Authors: Paulsen S.J. , Miller J.S. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Though in vivo models provide the most physiologically relevant environment for studying tissue function, in vitro studies provide researchers with explicit control over experimental conditions and the potential to develop high throughput testing methods. In recent years, advancements in developmental biology research and imaging techniques have significantly improved our understanding of the processes involved in vascular development. However, the task of recreating the complex, multi‐scale vasculature seen in in vivo systems remains elusive.Results: 3D bioprinting offers a potential method to generate controlled vascular networks with hierarchical structure approaching that of in vivo networks. Bioprinting is an interdisciplinary field that relies on advances in 3D printing technology along with advances in imaging and computational modeling, which allow researchers to monitor cellular function and to better understand cellular environment within the printed tissue.Conclusions: As bioprinting technologies improve with regards to resolution, printing speed, available materials, and automation, 3D printing could be used to generate highly controlled vascularized tissues in a high throughput manner for use in regenerative medicine and the development of in vitro tissue models for research in developmental biology and vascular diseases. Developmental Dynamics 244:629–640, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile Preparation of Mn+‐Doped (M = Cu, Co, Ni, Mn) Hierarchically Mesoporous CeO2 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jingcai , Guo Jinxin , Liu Wei , Wang Shuping , Xie Anran , Liu Xiufang , Wang Jun , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA series of transition‐metal‐doped (Cu, Co, Ni, Mn) hierarchically mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles have been fabricated through a simple solvothermal strategy. The effect of these doping metals on the morphology and the phase transformation of the Ce(HCOO)3 precursor was investigated. The specific order in which the doping metal cations (except Cu2+) are added during the synthesis process has a remarkable influence on the precursor morphology. By introducing these different metal cations, the doping composition can be adjusted freely. The XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show the high homogeneity of the doped ceria and demonstrate that the transition metal cations have been incorporated into the CeO2 lattice. All of the doped ceria nanoparticles, especially the Cu2+‐doped ceria product, exhibit improved reduction behavior and enhanced CO conversion performance.
Chinese yak and yellow cattle exhibit considerable differences in tissue content of squalene, tocopherol, and fatty acids
Authors: Liu Chunyou , Jin Guofeng , Luo Zhang , Li Shugang , Sun Shuguo , Li Yonggang , Ma Meihu 
Published: January 2015

Bioactive components in five tisues (longissimus muscle (LSM), biceps femoris muscle (BFM), liver (LV), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT)) of yak in Tibet and yellow cattle in Hubei were investigated. Yak was significantly higher (p<0.01) than yellow cattle in the squalene content of lipids of BFM (59.82/19.07 mg/100g), LSM (20.99/7.81 mg/100g) and LV (6.94/2.67 mg/100g), respectively, but not in SAT and AAT (p>0.05). Yak was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than yellow cattle in the total tocopherol content. Additionally, yak hepatic lipids showed the highest content of saturated fatty acids (58.11%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, 25.81%) and the lowest content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, 16.08%), while yellow cattle AAT had the highest content of MUFA (47.54%) and the lowest content of PUFA (2.36%). The considerable differences between the two in composition suggest that the five tissues of yak are potential sources of bioactive components and essential fatty acids for humans.Practical applications: The results from the analysis of the contents of squalene, tocopherols, total lipids，moisture, ash, and pH and fatty acid profile in the studied tissues of Tibet yak and Hubei yellow cattle provide useful information for developing functional foods using yak meat or other tissues as materials.Comparison of squalene and total tocopherol contents in different tissues of yak and yellow cattle.
Elaboration of Furopyridine Scaffolds
Authors: Jasselin‐Hinschberger Adeline , Comoy Corinne , Chartoire Anthony , Fort Yves 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the past few decades, furopyridines have emerged as key structural subunits prevalent in a number of natural products and structural analogues associated with interesting biological activities. Consequently, considerable efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of these fused heterocyclic scaffolds. This review covers the main methodologies reported in the literature for the preparation of furopyridines.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized in Poly(Allylamine hydrochloride) for Determination of Vanillin
Authors: Silva Tânia Regina , Brondani Daniela , Zapp Eduardo , Cruz Vieira Iolanda 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGold nanoparticles stabilized in poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (AuNP‐PAH) were synthesized, characterized and applied in the development of a new sensor for the determination of vanillin by square‐wave voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve showed a linear range for vanillin of 0.90 to 15.0 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 55 nmol L−1. The sensor demonstrated acceptable selectivity and stability, as well as good intra‐day and inter‐day repeatability and electrode‐to‐electrode repeatability (with relative standard deviations of 3.5, 4.5 and 3.9 %, respectively). The sensor was successfully applied in the determination of vanillin in different commercial samples.
Selective and Simultaneous Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers Based on Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Palanisamy Selvakumar , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Chen Shen‐Ming , Muthupandi K. , Emmanuel R. , Prakash P. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Ajmal Ali M. , Al‐Hemaid Fahad M. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the present study, we report the simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and resorcinol (RC) at gold nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified electrode. An enhanced and well defined peak current response with a better peak separation of HQ, CC and RC is observed at RGO/Au‐NPs composite than that of RGO and Au‐NPs modified electrodes. The fabricated modified electrode shows a wide linear response in the concentration range of 3–90 µM, 3–300 µM and 15–150 µM for HQ, CC and RC, respectively. The detection limit of HQ, CC and RC is found as 0.15 µM, 0.12 µM and 0.78 µM, respectively.
Interaction Association Analysis of Imputed SNPs in Case‐Control and Follow‐Up Studies
Authors: Subirana Isaac , González Juan R. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA new method is described to assess the interactions of imputed SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in case‐control and follow‐up studies, properly incorporating SNP imputation uncertainty in the likelihood model. Using simulation studies and analysis of real data obtained from the Framingham study cohort, we compare the performance of this new method to DOSAGE and NAIVE (also known as Best‐Guess) methods, developed and commonly used in the context of single SNP and extended to SNP‐by‐SNP interaction. The results show that only our new method is unbiased under all examined scenarios regarding allele frequencies, imputation uncertainty degree, and interaction effect size. In addition, our method achieves at least as much power as the other two, and exceeds their statistical power in certain follow‐up analysis situations. This method is fast enough to perform Genome Wide Interaction Studies (GWIS) with hundreds of thousands of interactions. By performing an exhaustive simulation study let us to provide recommendations for selecting the most appropriated method depending on MAF, interaction effect size, and uncertainty degree. In general, DOSAGE and our proposed method are recommended in most situations being our method more powerful and accurate when uncertainty and effect increase.
Cytotoxicity of luteolin in primary rat hepatocytes: the role of CYP3A‐mediated ortho‐benzoquinone metabolite formation and glutathione depletion
Authors: Shi Fuguo , Zhao Peng , Li Xiaobing , Pan Hong , Ma Shiping , Ding Li 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLuteolin (LUT), an active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines and an integral part of the human diet, has shown promising pharmacological activities with a great potential for clinical use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP450)‐mediated reactive ortho‐benzoquinone metabolites formation and glutathione (GSH) depletion in LUT‐induced cytotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. A reactive ortho‐benzoquinone metabolite was identified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and rat hepatocytes. Using a specific chemical inhibitor method, the CYP3A subfamily was found to be responsible for the reactive metabolite formation in RLMs. Induction of CYP3A by dexamethasone enhanced LUT‐induced cytotoxicity, whereas inhibition of CYP3A by ketoconazole (Keto) decreased the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis induced by LUT were related to the amount of reactive metabolite formation. Furthermore, Keto inhibited the LUT‐induced GSH exhaustion. The cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with L‐buthionine sulfoximine to deplete the intracellular GSH. A time course experiment showed that GSH depletion by LUT was not via oxidation of GSH and occurred prior to the increase in 2', 7'‐dichlorofluorescein in hepatocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that CYP3A‐mediated reactive metabolite formation plays a critical role in LUT‐induced hepatotoxicity, and the direct GSH depletion is an initiating event in LUT‐mediated cytotoxicity in primary rat hepatocytes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High adipose LPL activity and adipocyte hypertrophy reduce visceral fat and metabolic risk in obese, older women
Authors: Serra Monica C. , Ryan Alice S. , Sorkin John D. , Favor Knachelle H. , Goldberg Andrew P. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether higher subcutaneous adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity (AT‐LPLA) is associated with greater triglyceride (TG) storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), thereby reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation and metabolic dysfunction.MethodsObese postmenopausal women (60 ± 1 years, mean ± SEM; N = 101) had body composition measured by DXA and CT and had fat aspirations to measure fat cell weight (FCW) and AT‐LPLA. Women were ranked by visceral to total abdominal fat ratio (VAT/TAF), and the lowest and highest groups (n = 24) matched for % fat and age.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic dysfunction was 7‐ to 10‐fold higher in women with high VAT/TAF (Ps < 0.01). Women with low VAT/TAF had 11% and 6% lower abdominal and gluteal FCW but 28% and 54% higher AT‐LPLA/106 cells in abdominal and gluteal fat, respectively. Abdominal FCW correlated with AT‐LPLA in women with low (r = 0.63, P < 0.01) but not high (r = 0.14, P = 0.52) VAT/TAF, and these lines differed in slope (P < 0.05) and intercept (P < 0.01), suggesting greater capacity for TG storage with low VAT/TAF. There were no relationships between gluteal FCW and AT‐LPLA. The relationship between SAT and abdominal AT‐LPLA (r = 0.39, P < 0.01) suggests that higher AT‐LPLA promotes TG storage.ConclusionsThese results suggest that higher AT‐LPLA is associated with SAT adipocyte hypertrophy, which reduces visceral adiposity and metabolic risk in obese, older women.
Timing of detection of anencephaly in The Netherlands
Authors: Fleurke‐Rozema J. H. , van Leijden L. , van de Kamp K. , Pajkrt E. , Bilardo C. M. , Snijders R. J. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the gestational age at detection and prevalence of anencephaly in the North of The Netherlands over a 5‐year period.MethodsA case list of all cases of anencephaly from two fetal medicine units was compiled. Cases were included if the estimated due date was between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2013.ResultsOverall prevalence of anencephaly was 5.4 per 10.000 pregnancies (n = 110). The majority of cases (69%) was detected before 18 weeks' gestation. Factors determining successful early diagnosis were competence level of the sonographers, with a significantly higher detection rate when scans were performed by a sonographer licensed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) for nuchal translucency measurement (p = 0.001), and gestational age at or beyond 11 weeks of gestation (p = 0.024).ConclusionImproving detection of anencephaly in the first trimester requires ultrasound screening at or after 11 weeks of gestation, performed by experienced sonographers trained in recognizing fetal anomalies. Sonographers should be instructed that the goal of the first trimester scan is not only to measure nuchal translucency thickness but also to exclude major anomalies. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bent π‐Conjugated Systems Composed of Three‐Dimensional Benzoannulenes
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Iyoda Masahiko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article describes bent π‐conjugated systems composed of alternating o‐phenylene and Z‐vinylene units. all‐Z‐[n]Benzo[4n]annulenes are higher homologues of dibenzocyclooctatetraene (DBCOT) with a concave π system, and attempts were made to convert [20]‐ and [24]annulenes having partial belt structures of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes into [10]‐ and [12]phenacenes. A bent π‐conjugated system composed of two DBCOT units showed dynamic syn–anti equilibrium in solution and behaved as dynamic molecular tweezers (DMTs). The syn isomers of the DMTs formed blue charge‐transfer complexes with DDQ in solution, and this complexation and color change were applied to thermochromism. Furthermore, DMTs having two CN groups on each COT ring exhibited crystalline‐state emission in the presence of solvent molecules, although almost no emission was observed in solution or the solid state. Based on this crystalline‐state emission, a vapochromic system was established. The multifunctional properties of DMTs caused by the flexibility of the nonplanar π system are summarized.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Two Cuprous Bromide Compounds Using Zinc Metal as Reductant
Authors: Gautier Romain , Paul Camille 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTwo new cuprous bromide phases Cu2(ImH)Br3 (Im = imidazole) (1) and Cu3(Trz)2Br3 (Trz = 1,2,4‐triazole) (2) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds exhibit similar triclinic one‐dimensional crystal structures (space group P$\bar{1}$) but they are built from two different copper bromide chains. The influence of the azole ligands on the coordination of the transition metals is discussed. Zinc metal has been shown to be an effective reductant in hydrothermal conditions for stabilizing CuI phases from CuII reactants. UV/Vis spectroscopy and thermal analyses were performed on both materials.
Direct numerical simulation of low-Reynolds-number flow past arrays of rotating spheres
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Fan Liang-Shih 
Published: January 2015

AbstractImmersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann simulations are used to examine the effects of particle rotation, at low particle Reynolds numbers, on flows in ordered and random arrays of mono-disperse spheres. The drag force, the Magnus lift force and the torque on the spheres, are determined at solid volume fractions up to the close-packed limits of the arrays. The rotational Reynolds number based on the angular velocity and the diameter of the spheres is used to characterize the rotational movement of spheres. The results show that the normalized Magnus lift force produced by particle rotation is approximately in direct proportion to the rotational Reynolds number, while the normalized drag force and torque acting on spheres are barely affected by this number. The Magnus lift force is negligible relative to the magnitude of the drag force when the rotational Reynolds number is low. However, it can be very significant, and even larger than the drag force, as the rotational Reynolds number increases up to $O(10^{2})$, especially for low solid volume fractions. Based on the simulation results, relations for the Magnus lift force and the torque for both ordered arrays and random arrays of rotating spheres at solid volume fractions from zero to close-packed limits are formulated. Further, the drag force relations in the literature are revised based on existing theories and the present simulation results for both arrays of spheres.
Protecting Holy Heritage in Italy—A Critical Assessment through the Prism of International Law
Authors: Chechi Alessandro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract:In Italy, churches, chapels, and monasteries are often rich in precious artifacts. However, these religious buildings cannot be easily protected from theft because either they have no antitheft measures or they are abandoned. This article examines the problematic state of the holy heritage in the Italian territory from a legal perspective. In particular, it looks at Italian legislation and the international instruments entered into by the Italian State. The article argues that this protective legal regime is affected by various shortcomings and loopholes that mostly relate to the implementation of existing legal standards. Notably, it appears that these problems originate from the fact that most of the holy heritage situated in Italy belongs to the Catholic Church, and at the same time, it constitutes the historical and artistic patrimony of the Italian State. The article calls for a more efficient management of such precious vestiges by the stakeholders involved and for a revision of the domestic legislation with a view of properly incorporating the achievements of international cultural heritage law.
Acute gastrointestinal illness following a prolonged community-wide water emergency
Authors: GARGANO J. W. , FREELAND A. L. , MORRISON M. A. , STEVENS K. , ZAJAC L. , WOLKON A. , HIGHTOWER A. , MILLER M. D. , BRUNKARD J. M. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThe drinking water infrastructure in the United States is ageing; extreme weather events place additional stress on water systems that can lead to interruptions in the delivery of safe drinking water. We investigated the association between household exposures to water service problems and acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) and acute respiratory illness (ARI) in Alabama communities that experienced a freeze-related community-wide water emergency. Following the water emergency, investigators conducted a household survey. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for self-reported AGI and ARI by water exposures. AGI was higher in households that lost water service for ⩾7 days (aPR 2·4, 95% CI 1·1–5·2) and experienced low water pressure for ⩾7 days (aPR 3·6, 95% CI 1·4–9·0) compared to households that experienced normal service and pressure; prevalence of AGI increased with increasing duration of water service interruptions. Investments in the ageing drinking water infrastructure are needed to prevent future low-pressure events and to maintain uninterrupted access to the fundamental public health protection provided by safe water supplies. Households and communities need to increase their awareness of and preparedness for water emergencies to mitigate adverse health impacts.
POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE EVERYDAY IN POSTCLASSIC OAXACA
Authors: Joyce Arthur A. , Levine Marc N. , King Stacie M. , Hedgepeth Balkin Jessica , Barber Sarah B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe use excavations of low-status houses to explore Postclassic political and economic transformations in the lower Río Verde Valley, Oaxaca. Following the collapse of Classic period political institutions, commoners experienced greater economic and political autonomy. Residential excavations at Río Viejo indicate that commoners took advantage of the absence of regional authority to gain greater control over surplus craft products, especially cotton thread, as well as access to social valuables and long distance trade. By the Late Postclassic period, the region was once again dominated by powerful rulers. Yet household excavations at Tututepec show that Late Postclassic commoners continued to control some surplus craft production and had access to social valuables like copper and polychrome pottery via market exchange. We argue that Late Postclassic political relations were a product of negotiations among elites and commoners that in part reflect the greater economic autonomy and political power that Early Postclassic people had acquired.