bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology and Geochemistry of Archaean Felsic Metavolcanic Rocks of the Eastern Part of the Kolar Greenstone Belt, Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for their Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Setting
Authors: Ugarkar A. G. , Solankar S. N. , Vasudev V. N. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:
In the Kolar greenstone belt of the Dharwar craton, felsic metavolcanics are encountered prominently in its eastern region around Surapalli and Marikoppa. These felsic volcanic rocks are essentially homogeneous and their bulk mineralogy is almost the same. They consist of phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar, set in a fine-grained quartzo-feldspathic groundmass. They are calc-alkaline rhyolite in composition, and are characterized by high SiO2 (av. 75.74 wt.%), moderate Al2O3 (av. 11.84 wt.%), Na2O (av. 3.55 wt.%), K2O (av. 3.26 wt%) contents and low Mg# (av. 6.07), Cr (av. 8 ppm), Ni (av. 8 ppm), Sr (av. 331 ppm.), Y (av. 7 ppm), Yb (av. 0.87 ppm) and Nb/Ta (av. 6.40) values, suggesting Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite (TTG) affinity for these felsic volcanics. They are strongly fractionated [(La/Yb)N- =14.41 -48.70] with strong LREE enrichment [(La/Sm)N = 2.50-3.59] and strong HREE depletion [(Gd/Yb)N = 1.34 - 2.77] with positive Eu anomaly. The regional geological set-up, petrographic and geochemical characteristics suggest that these felsic volcanics probably were derived by partial melting of a subducting basalt slab at shallow depth without much involvement of mantle wedge in an island arc geodynamic setting.
Transgenerational effects of neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia in progeny
Authors: Infante Smitha K. , Rea Harriett C. , Perez‐Polo J.R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNeonatal hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) affects 60% of low birth weight infants and up to 40% of preterm births. Cell death and brain injury after HI have been shown to cause long‐lasting behavioral deficits. By using a battery of behavioral tests on second generation 3‐week‐old rodents, we found that neonatal HI is associated with behavioral outcomes in the progeny of HI‐affected parents. Our results suggest an epigenetic transfer mechanism of some of the neurological symptoms associated with neonatal HI. Elucidating the transfer of brain injury to the next generation after HI calls attention to the risks associated with HI injury and the need for proper treatment to reverse these effects. Assessing the devastating extent of HI's reach serves as a cautionary tale to the risks associated with neonatal HI, and provides an incentive to create improved therapeutic measures to treat HI.
ADDITIVE FUNCTIONAL INEQUALITIES AND DERIVATIONS ON HILBERT C*-MODULES
Authors: MORADLOU FRIDOUN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the following functional inequality
$
\begin{eqnarray*}
\| f(x-y-z) - f(x-y+z) + f(y) +f(z)\| \leq \|f(x+y-z) - f(x)\|
\end{eqnarray*}$
in Banach spaces, and employing the above inequality we prove the generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of derivations in Hilbert C*-modules.
SOCIAL IDENTITY AND ATTITUDES TOWARD FOREIGN POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM A YOUTH SURVEY IN TURKEY
Authors: Ciftci Sabri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the relationship between social identity based on national, religious, or international affiliations and attitudes toward foreign policy in the Turkish context. Evidence is drawn from an original survey conducted among university students in Turkey. The results show that students' social identity has a significant correlation with their perceptions of foreign policy. Most Turkish university students provide conditional support for the new directions in Turkey's foreign policy, but those with an Islamic identity appear to be more supportive of the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi's (Justice and Development Party) policies. Most university students believe that Turkey's future lies in the European Union and the Central Asian Turkic republics rather than in the Middle East. Overall, the perceptions of educated youth toward foreign policy are shaped by both social identity and their conceptions of national interest.
THE RISE OF THE SUBCONTRACTOR STATE: POLITICS OF PSEUDO-PRIVATIZATION IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
Authors: Harris Kevan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSince 2009, analyses of Iran have stressed the centralizing takeover of the country's economy by a single state institution, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. At the same time, however, Iran's factionalized political elite uniformly advocate for rapid privatization of state-owned enterprises. Underneath this puzzling contradiction is a complex shift of economic ownership away from the state toward a variety of parastatal organizations including banks, cooperatives, pension funds, foundations, and military-linked contractors. The result is not a praetorian monolith but a subcontractor state. This article draws on interviews conducted in Iran during 2009 and 2010, primary data from parliamentary and governmental reports, and secondary sources to show how intraelite conflict and nonelite claims have structured the process of privatization. Framed comparatively with privatization outcomes in other middle-income countries, Iran's subcontractor state can be seen as a consequence of the way in which politics and society shaped the form of capitalism that has taken root in the Islamic Republic.
Sex in older age in rural Malawi
Authors: FREEMAN EMILY K. , COAST ERNESTINA 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how older adults living in rural Malawi explain and understand their sex lives. We present sex in this setting as a field in which broader understandings of ageing, aged identities, and conceptions of person- or adulthood in older age are played out and constructed. Qualitative data were collected from men (N=20) and women (N=23) aged 50 to around 90 using in-depth multiple dependent interviews (N=135) between 2008 and 2010. The giving and receipt of sexual pleasure was considered natural and God-given. Primarily understood as a matter of ‘power’, sex was on the one hand, beneficial to older bodies, but on the other, not accessible to such bodies. Declining sexual frequency was associated with declining desire for sex, or frustration stemming from continued desire for sex. These discourses emerged from the way the ageing body was constructed as a weakened body, incompatible with understandings of adulthood based on physical productivity. Older men and women used sex to discursively respond to these challenges to their adulthood in two ways. Firstly, sex was used to confirm strength, physical productivity, and therefore, identity as an ‘adult’. Secondly, adulthood itself was redefined as being based on moral, rather than physical productivity, and refraining from sex was used to demonstrate wisdom, self-control and therefore their ‘adult’ identity. Our results provide in-depth understanding of the ways constructions of ageing and sex can influence complex experiences of marital and non-marital sex in older age. We contribute to debates on sexuality in the gerontological literature by moving discussion beyond the presentation of continued sexuality as somehow exceptional or an indicator of successful ageing. Finally, in a setting of considerable HIV prevalence at older ages, our results challenge a preoccupation with fertility and chronological age in the collection of sexual health data in Africa.
Elevated troponin levels in previously healthy children: value of diagnostic modalities and the importance of a drug screen
Authors: Thankavel Poonam P. , Mir Arshid , Ramaciotti Claudio 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Myocardial injury in previously healthy children is rare, with a wide range of aetiologies. It is increasingly being identified on the basis of elevated troponin levels during routine evaluation of cardiorespiratory symptoms. Establishing the aetiology remains challenging because of the lack of an accepted work-up algorithm. Our objective was to delineate the contribution of diagnostic modalities and troponin patterns towards the final diagnosis.Methods:A retrospective chart review of previously healthy patients admitted to the Pediatric Cardiology Service with myocardial injury was carried out. Data analysed included echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterisations, magnetic resonance imaging, drug screen tests, troponin values, and final diagnosis.Results: A total of 32 patients were identified. The diagnoses were: myocarditis in 16 patients, vasospasm due to drug use in seven, myopericarditis in six, anomalous coronary artery origins in two, and Prinzmetal's angina in one patient. The electrocardiograms were abnormal in 27 of the 32 patients (84%), echocardiograms in 18 of the 32 patients (56%), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in two of the four patients (50%), urine drug screen in five of the 25 patients (20%), and cardiac catheterisations in two of the 15 patients (13%).Conclusions: Myocarditis is the most common aetiology of myocardial injury in children. Clinical history remains the basic screening tool; drug screens help identify coronary vasospasms secondary to drug use (22% of our cohort). Patients with anomalous coronaries had exertional symptoms. Initial troponin levels and progression were not diagnostic or prognostic. Catheterisation is of limited value and did not change management. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement is probably the most useful test when initial evaluation is not diagnostic.
Pre-operative identification of an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in association with tetralogy of Fallot and an aortopulmonary window
Authors: McMahon Colin J. , Prendiville Terence , Nolke Lars 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA newborn baby girl was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot and an aortopulmonary window. At 3 weeks of age, the coexistent diagnosis of an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was made. Initial surgical intervention included a Takeuchi baffle of the left coronary artery, closure of the aortopulmonary window, and placement of a right Blalock–Taussig shunt. Complete repair was undertaken at 12 months of age. Close pre-operative assessment of the coronary arterial anomaly is crucial in patients with an aortopulmonary window and tetralogy of Fallot.
Depth of -singularities and base change of relative canonical sheaves
Authors: Patakfalvi Zsolt , Schwede Karl 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor a characteristic-$p\gt 0$variety$X$with controlled$F$-singularities, we state conditions which imply that a divisorial sheaf is Cohen–Macaulay or at least has depth$\geq $3 at certain points. This mirrors results of Kollár for varieties in characteristic 0. As an application, we show that relative canonical sheaves are compatible with arbitrary base change for certain families with sharply$F$-pure fibers.
Disagreement between theory and experiment grows with increasing rotational excitation of HD(v′, j
′) product for the H + D2 reaction
Authors: Jankunas Justin , Sneha Mahima , Zare Richard N. , Bouakline Foudhil , Althorpe Stuart C. 
Published: March 2013

The Photoloc technique has been employed to measure the state-resolved differential cross sections of the HD(v′, j′) product in the reaction H + D2 over a wide range of collision energies and internal states. The experimental results were compared with fully dimensional, time-dependent quantum mechanical calculations on the refined Boothroyd-Keogh-Martin-Peterson potential energy surface. We find nearly perfect agreement between theory and experiment for HD(v′, j′) product states with low to medium rotational excitation, e.g., HD(v′ = 1, j′ = 3) at a collision energy, Ecoll, of 1.72 eV, HD(v′ = 1, j′ = 3, 5) at Ecoll = 1.97 eV, and HD(v′ = 3, j′ = 3) at Ecoll = 1.97 eV. As the rotational angular momentum, j′, of HD(v′, j′) increases, the agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements worsens but not in a simple fashion. A moderate disagreement between theory and experiment has been found for HD(v′ = 0, j′ = 12) at Ecoll = 1.76 eV and increased monotonically for HD(v′ = 0, j′ = 13) at Ecoll = 1.74 eV, HD(v′ = 0, j′ = 14) at Ecoll = 1.72 eV, and HD(v′ = 0, j′ = 15) at Ecoll = 1.70 eV. Disagreement was not limited to vibrationless HD(v′, j′) product states: HD(v′ = 1, j′ = 12) at Ecoll = 1.60 eV and HD(v′ = 3, j′ = 8, 10) at Ecoll = 1.97 eV followed a similar trend. Theoretical calculations suggest more sideways/forward scattering than has been observed experimentally for high j′ HD(v′, j′) states. The source of this discrepancy is presently unknown but might be the result of inaccuracy in the potential energy surface.
Anesthesia of Juvenile Pacific Lampreys with MS-222, BENZOAK, AQUI-S 20E, and Aquacalm
Authors: Christiansen Helena E. , Gee Lisa P. , Mesa Matthew G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Effective anesthetics are a critical component of safe and humane fish handling procedures. We tested three concentrations each of four anesthetics—Finquel (tricaine methanesulfonate, herein referred to as MS-222), BENZOAK (20% benzocaine), AQUI-S 20E (10% eugenol), and Aquacalm (metomidate hydrochloride)—for efficacy and safety in metamorphosed, outmigrating juvenile Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus. The anesthetics MS-222 (100 mg/L) and BENZOAK (60 mg/L) were the most effective for anesthetizing juvenile Pacific Lampreys to a handleable state with minimal irritation to the fish. Fish anesthetized with BENZOAK also had lower rates of fungal infection than those exposed to MS-222, AQUI-S 20E, or no anesthetic. Exposure to AQUI-S 20E irritated juvenile Pacific Lampreys, causing them to leap or climb out of the anesthetic solution, and Aquacalm anesthetized fish to a handleable state too slowly and incompletely for effective use with routine handling procedures. Our results indicate that MS-222 and BENZOAK are effective anesthetics for juvenile Pacific Lampreys, but field studies are needed to determine whether exposure to MS-222 increases risk of fungal infection in juvenile Pacific Lampreys released to the wild.
Received August 28, 2012; accepted November 26, 2012
The characterisation by liquid chromatography of lake pigments prepared from European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.)
Authors: Deveoglu Ozan , Torgan Emine , Karadag Recep 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare, analyse and measure the colour values of the lake pigments obtained from the reaction of Al3+, Fe2+ and Sn2+ metal salts with the natural dyes present in European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.).Design/methodology/approachA reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode‐array detection method was utilised for the identification of buckthorn lake pigments. The extraction of dyes from the lake pigments was carried out with 37% hydrochloric acid/methanol/water (2:1:1; v/v/v) solution.FindingsAccording to the results of the HPLC analysis of the lake pigments, it was determined that rhamnetin, kaempferol, and emodin were present in the acid hydrolysed plant extract and in the lake pigment that was precipitated by Sn(II), quercetin‐3‐arabinosid, rhamnetin, and emodin were present in the non‐hydrolysed plant extract, and kaempferol, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, and emodin were found in the lake pigment that was precipitated by Al(III). Rhamnetin and emodin were present in the lake pigment that was precipitated by Fe(II).Research limitations/implicationsIn the present context for the preparation of buckthorn lake pigments, a simple and practical method is presented. In addition, the analysis of the lake pigments was performed by reversed phase HPLC (RP‐HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD).Practical implicationsThe paper describes the preparation of lake pigments and their qualitative analysis. This method can be used to determine the origins of the dyestuffs used in historical art pieces.Originality/valueThe paper describes the development of methods for the analysis and the preparation of European buckthorn lake pigments.
Effectiveness of amine functional aniline furfuraldehyde condensate as toughening agent for epoxy resin
Authors: Samanta B.C. , Maity T. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find a new toughening agent for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin and to check effectiveness of this new toughening agent to obtain toughness and chemical resistance of cured epoxy.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, an investigation was carried out to synthesise, characterise and to study the toughening reaction of amine functional aniline furfuraldehyde condensate (AFAFFC) with DGEBA resin. AFAFFC was first synthesised from the reaction of aniline and furfuraldehyde in the acid medium (pH‐4) and characterised by FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and concentration of primary and secondary amine analysis. Then various formulations were made by mixing DGEBA, AFAFFC and ambient temperature curing agent triethylene tetramine (TETA) in different compositions and the modified networks were evaluated to their mechanical and thermal properties. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of toughened epoxy were also reported.FindingsThe resulting networks developed a two‐phase microstructure upon network formation and displayed significantly improved fracture toughness. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed two‐phase morphology in the cured networks where AFAFFC particles were dispersed. TGA showed that the AFAFFC modified epoxy network was thermally stable up to around 311°C.Research limitations/implicationsThe toughening agent AFAFFC has been synthesised by using aniline and furfuraldehyde. By changing amine and aldehyde other toughening agents could be synthesised and efficiency of these toughening agent for epoxy resin could also be studied.Originality/valueThe method for toughening of epoxy resin (DGEBA) is novel and relevant, as the toughened products have high performance applications in protective coatings, adhesives for most substrates and matrix resins for composites.
Effects of composite ferrotitanium on epoxy coating
Authors: Hua Dong Yu , Nan Liu Ya , Zhou Qiong 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate effects of different contents of composite ferrotitanium pigment on corrosion protection performance of epoxy resin coatings.Design/methodology/approachDifferent contents of composite ferrotitanium pigment were added to the epoxy resin coatings and the corrosion performance of the coatings were investigated by electrochemical test (in 5 wt.% KCl solutions at 60°C), salt spray test and simulated test. The morphology of the coating before and after corrosion was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).FindingsThe composite ferrotitanium improved anti‐corrosion properties of the coating due to complex reaction of ferrous ions and phosphates as well as introduction of nano powder to the composite ferrotitanium. The coating with 10 wt.% composite ferrotitanium pigment had better anti‐corrosion properties than that of 5 wt.%. Simulated experiment in an autoclave indicated that the composite ferrotitanium pigment had the best protective performance among the three green pigments such as zinc phosphate, aluminium tri‐phosphate, and composite ferrotitanium.Research limitations/implicationsThe pigments were added into the coating by high energy ball milling. Some of them dispersed in the coating heterogeneously and affected property of the coatings.Practical implicationsComposite ferrotitanium can be used to replace red lead and chromate pigments to meet environmental requirements.Originality/valueThe paper shows how the anti‐corrosion mechanism of the composite ferrotitanium pigment was investigated and several green pigments were selected to compare their protective performance in the autoclave.
Interfacial IMC layer growth and tensile properties of low‐silver Cu/SACBE/Cu solder joints
Authors: Bi Wenzhen , Ju Guokui , Lin Fei , Xie Shifang , Wei Xicheng 
Published: March 2013

PurposeIn a previous study, the authors proposed a new low‐silver solder alloy Sn‐ x(1.0, 1.5, 2.0)Ag‐0.3Cu‐3.0Bi‐0.05Er (wt.%) (SACBE) and the purpose of this paper is to provide additional useful information for new solder alloy development. The growth behaviour of the interfacial IMC layers for Cu/SACBE/Cu and Cu/SAC/Cu joints and their bonding strengths after thermal aging at 150°C for 0, 24, 168 and 500 hours are investigated and the effects of adding elemental Bi and Er on the growth of interfacial IMC layers in the joints, and their tensile properties, are characterized and discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe tensile properties of the Cu/Sn‐3.0Ag‐0.5Cu/Cu (Cu/SAC/Cu) and Cu/SACBE/Cu joints during thermal aging at 150°C for 0, 24, 168 and 500 hours were investigated, respectively. The thickness of interfacial IMC layer and the fracture surface of solder joint after isothermal aging were observed and analyzed by means of scanning electron micrograph (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy X‐ray (EDX) analysis system.FindingsIt was found that the thickness of the IMC layer at the interface of a Cu/SACBE/Cu joint was remarkably thinner than that of a Cu/SAC/Cu joint. The addition of Bi and Er could significantly improve the tensile properties of the solder joint and enhance its resistance to high temperature aging. A mixture of ductile and brittle fracture mode was observed after tensile testing in the Cu/SACBE/Cu joints.Originality/valueThe paper implies that the addition of Bi and Er could complement effectively the effects of Ag, thereby reducing the cost of solder. The low‐silver SACBE solder is a potential alloy for electronic packaging production.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the flap application in an airfoil in combination with a cross flow fan
Authors: Hasan Shojaeefard Mohammad , Askari Salar 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study flap application in the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan by experiment and numerical simulation.Design/methodology/approachAn airfoil was made and tested in a blowing wind tunnel. Because of complicated shape of the airfoil, distributed quantities in the flow field cannot be measured. They were computed by establishing a CFD code validated by the experimental data. The k‐ε model was used for the Reynolds stress modeling. Flow was considered incompressible, two dimensional and steady‐state. The pressure‐velocity coupling was performed by the SIMPLEC algorithm and convection terms were discretized by using the second‐order upwind discretization scheme.FindingsComputed aerodynamic coefficients were in good agreement with the experimental results. Flap augmented lift and pitching moment coefficients of the airfoil considerably. It was perceived that the airfoil aerodynamic coefficients decrease with the Reynolds number, its lift and pitching moment coefficients increase and its drag coefficient decreases with the fan speed. Static pressure difference between the airfoil surfaces increased with the flap angle and consequently at higher flap angles it must have larger aerodynamic coefficients as proved by the experiments. This pressure difference increases with the Reynolds number that is equivalent to higher aerodynamic forces. It was shown by the numerical solution that surface pressure on the airfoil upper wall decreases with the fan speed while it is not sensitive to the fan speed on the airfoil bottom wall.Originality/valueThis is the first instance in which flap application in the airfoil with forced airflow provided by an integrated cross flow fan is studied.