bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradox and potential: Fine Art employability and enterprise perspectives
Authors: Hjelde Katrine 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article explores the Fine Art curriculum in relation to the increasing focus on employability and enterprise within art and design institutions in the United Kingdom. The connection between the curriculum and enterprise and employability in the art school is under pressure from different fronts. On the one hand, the introduction of higher tuition fees in the United Kingdom has focused the student (but also staff and institutions) on the necessity to make a living after completing studies, and preferably enter into a career. The art school could be seen to have an ethical responsibility for their students here. On the other hand, within contemporary art practice there is an increased resistance towards current models of labour within neo-liberal capitalism; in particular, the idea of the ever-flexible portfolio worker, resilient and ideally adapted to an uncertain future (i.e., an artist), is increasingly being rejected as unsustainable and exploitative. The UK Fine Art curriculum is in flux, and questions have been asked about what exactly artists need to know and learn to prepare for their future. As a subject, Fine Art has not been consistently considered through a lens of employability and enterprise in the way more industryorientated design-based subjects have, but in the United Kingdom this is changing. This article asks: can art schools both prepare Fine Art graduates for a successful career in the arts to make them entrepreneurial and employable, and provide them with the critical tools to fundamentally question their place within this system (which some regard as a financially and environmentally unsustainable order)? It also considers whether this is a useful question and asks whether courses should perhaps make a choice and declare their position to potential students.
In front of and behind the camera: Media images from Northern Norway
Authors: Eira Stine Sand 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Based on Bourdieu’s concept of ‘field’, and my own dual experience as a journalist and interviewee, I discuss ways in which editorial policies intervene in journalistic decision-making in documentaries included in the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation’s (NRK) Faktor series. The empirical material includes one documentary in which I was an interviewee, and two documentaries that I produced. In a reflexive way, I discuss two positions within the journalistic field, the journalist and the interviewee, and describe how journalistic intuition is required to comply with the NRK’s written guidelines and how, in addition, negotiations between the external producer and the NRK intervene in the film-making process. The article exemplifies these processes by analysing how certain polarizing representational practices become central to how interviewees are presented. The article deals with diversity and representations of the Sámi people and Northern Norway, and who gets to decide how this is expressed in documentary films.
Disrupted translations: Legibility and identity in the works of Nadia Myre
Authors: Flaherty Shannon 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article examines two series of work by contemporary Algonquin French Canadian artist Nadia Myre, Indian Act (2000–2002) and Journey of the Seventh Fire (2008–2009). These two bodies of work, which combine typed document or corporate logo with traditional techniques of beadwork, address issues of identity, history and historiography in modern Aboriginal culture and life. By defining these works as objects mired in the problems of translation, I argue that they operate as strategies of negotiation between languages, writing systems, and legal structures through which asymmetrical power relationships are defined. Appropriating the tools of settler government and capitalist authority, Myre reinscribes these objects into handbeaded colour fields, redefining that authority in relationship to the peoples, histories, and territories they displace and seek to control. Her works assert the shifting, relational quality of identity formation through melded yet contradictory techniques and require new modes of reading the resultant blended texts.
Is the trans child a queer child? Constructing normativity in Raising Ryland and I Am Jazz: A Family in Transition
Authors: Owen Gabrielle 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
While the gay child remains culturally unrepresentable, the last decade has seen an increasing number of representations of transgender children. In contrast to the incompatibility of sexuality and childhood presented by the gay child, I argue that normative conceptualizations of childhood are the very means by which the transgender child becomes available as a cultural representation. Situated at the intersections of queer theory, transgender studies and childhood studies, this article examines recent media representations of transgender children in the short documentary films Raising Ryland (Feeley, 2015) and I Am Jazz: A Family in Transition (Stocks, 2011) to discover which gendered ‘realities’ are representable as ‘real’ within the norms of language and culture, revealing how the idea of childhood itself governs possibilities for gendered being and becoming.
OS4ES – Open System for Energy Services
Authors: Zanner Martin , Schröder Andrea , Kahlen Christoph 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Today, mass presence of distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to the grid is often seen as having adverse effects on grid
reliability and robustness. The apprehension is that it complicates or even compromises network management by distribution system
operators (DSOs).
The central aim of the Open System for Energy Services (OS4ES) project is to provide a solution that closes the current information,
communication and cooperation gap between DERs and energy market actors. To this end, the OS4ES project delivers an innovative Open
Service System that enables dynamic cooperation between these two parties. A Distributed Registry for DERs offers to involved actors
the opportunity to reserve the aggregated flexibility of DERs as a grid management service in order to improve Smart Grid robustness
and reliability. OS4ES will be based on standardized and interoperable communication interfaces, as well as generic interfaces among
components producing, consuming or storing electrical energy.
The OS4ES Open Service System includes laboratory and field tests under different service scenarios such as congestion management,
energy trading, imbalance risk reduction and Volt/VAR optimization. An OS4ES User Group has been established to allow interested
parties to gain a broader insight in the project and to actively contribute to the work packages of interest. Besides, standardization
proposals will be prepared and submitted to the respective standardization committees.
Response of lateral channel dynamics of a lowland meanderingriver to engineering-derived adjustments - an example of theMorava River (Czech Republic)
Authors: Ondruch Jakub , Mácka Zdenek 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Freely meandering (quasi)natural reaches oflowland rivers represent a rare phenomenon in Central Europe.Increasing attention is currently being paid to thedynamics of quasi-natural (artificially influenced) meanderingrivers as this attention represents the basic prerequisitefor the development of appropriate restorationstrategies on regulated rivers. This study focused on a 5.5km long reach of the Morava River in the Strážnické Pomoravíregion, Czech Republic that is characterised byquasi-natural evolution after substantial engineering adjustmentswere made in the first decades of the twentiethcentury. Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS)analysis of aerial photographs, the spatio-temporal dynamicsof bank erosion and accretion rates were quantitativelydescribed and variables that control channel migrationrates were identified. High rates of lateral shifts werelocalised in high sinuosity segments (sinuosity 1.17-2.37),whereas segments with very low rates were straight orformed into slightly curved bends (sinuosity 1.05-1.18). Asa key factor, engineering works that influenced local riverbed slope and induced a dramatic increase in bank erosionrates were identified. River engineering works induced adramatic increase in bank erosion rate (2.19 m/year for1938-53 and 1.47 m/year for 1953-63). An interval of approximately25 years was needed before the erosion ratesdropped back to values documented before river regulation(0.35-1.09 m/year for 1841-1938). Other important controllingvariables included radius of curvature, frequencyand magnitude of floods and, locally, river bank materialproperties and floodplain land cover.
Papal Infallibility – a Flat Locus. From a Thomistic Position of Ecclesial Independence Towards a Whiteheadian Interpretation as Locus Theologicus Alienus
Authors: Sander Hans-Joachim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThomism which traditionally backed Papal Infallibility creates a special Catholic locus theologicus proprius out of this dogma which depends on a positive straight line between God and men. But in looking into the inevitable spatial aspect of the doctrine, the necessity of Papal Infallibility to teach ex cathedra, the straight line turns into a relative flat locus which depends on processes independent of it. By this topology provided by Whitehead’s Process Philosophy Papal Infallibility turns into a locus theologicus alienus coherent with the philosophical backing of the doctrine.
Modulation of Tonically Active Neurons of the Monkey Striatum by Events Carrying Different Force and Reward Information
Authors: Nougaret Simon , Ravel Sabrina 
Published: November 2015

The role of basal ganglia in motivational processes has been under scrutiny in recent decades, with increasing evidence from clinical studies of cognitive and motivational deficits in patients with basal ganglia lesions. Tonically active neurons (TANs), the presumed striatal cholinergic interneurons, could be important actors in integrating and relaying motivational information arising from various modalities. Their multiphasic responses to rewards and to conditioned stimuli associated with reward conferred them a role in limbic processes. They are also modulated by a task's motor aspect. Recent studies suggest they are influenced by the context in which behavioral responses are expressed. To investigate the role of TANs in motor-limbic interaction processes, we recorded 169 TANs in the striatum of two monkeys performing a motivational task, in which they had to develop a variable force to receive different amounts of reward in response to visual stimuli. Our results reveal new features of TANs response properties. First, TANs usually responded either by a pause or an elevation of discharge rate to the visual cues and the reward, with few neurons combining both pause and rebound. Second, the elevations of discharge rate after the cues were most sensitive to the least valuable (high force or small reward) task conditions. Finally, the responses of TANs to the visual cues were time locked on the onset of the animal's movement. TANs' population and responses could thus play a role in signaling less attractive situations, those with either a high motor demand and/or small reward.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTonically active neurons (TANs) are known for their responses to unpredictable positive or negative events. However, here we show that TANs respond by a pause or an increase in their activity to all rewarding events in a task in which combined visual cues indicate to the monkeys the levels of force to produce and the upcoming reward. Unlike the pause, the increase in activity is modulated by task parameters and is most sensitive to the least attractive task conditions (high force and/or small reward). TANs' responses triggered by cue occurrence are also modulated by movement-related information (movement onset). We therefore propose here that TANs could play a role, via their action on striatal projections neurons, in maintaining high cost/low benefit ratio behaviors.
Dopamine/Tyrosine Hydroxylase Neurons of the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Release GABA, Communicate with Dopaminergic and Other Arcuate Neurons, and Respond to Dynorphin, Met-Enkephalin, and Oxytocin
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , van den Pol Anthony N. 
Published: November 2015

We employ transgenic mice with selective expression of tdTomato or cre recombinase together with optogenetics to investigate whether hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) dopamine/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons interact with other ARC neurons, how they respond to hypothalamic neuropeptides, and to test whether these cells constitute a single homogeneous population. Immunostaining with dopamine and TH antisera was used to corroborate targeted transgene expression. Using whole-cell recording on a large number of neurons (n= 483), two types of neurons with different electrophysiological properties were identified in the dorsomedial ARC where 94% of TH neurons contained immunoreactive dopamine: bursting and nonbursting neurons. In contrast to rat, the regular oscillations of mouse bursting neurons depend on a mechanism involving both T-type calcium and A-type potassium channel activation, but are independent of gap junction coupling. Optogenetic stimulation using cre recombinase-dependent ChIEF-AAV-DJ expressed in ARC TH neurons evoked postsynaptic GABA currents in the majority of neighboring dopamine and nondopamine neurons, suggesting for the first time substantial synaptic projections from ARC TH cells to other ARC neurons. Numerous met-enkephalin (mENK) and dynorphin-immunoreactive boutons appeared to contact ARC TH neurons. mENK inhibited both types of TH neuron through G-protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium currents mediated by δ and μ opioid receptors. Dynorphin-A inhibited both bursting and nonbursting TH neurons by activating κ receptors. Oxytocin excited both bursting and nonbursting neurons. These results reveal a complexity of TH neurons that communicate extensively with neurons within the ARC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we show that the great majority of mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons that synthesize TH in the dorsomedial ARC also contain immunoreactive dopamine, and show either bursting or nonbursting electrical activity. Unlike rats, the mechanism underlying bursting was not dependent on gap junctions but required T-type calcium and A-type potassium channel activation. Neuropeptides dynorphin and met-enkephalin inhibited dopamine neurons, whereas oxytocin excited them. Most ventrolateral ARC TH cells did not contain dopamine and did not show bursting electrical activity. TH-containing neurons appeared to release synaptic GABA within the ARC onto dopamine neurons and unidentified neurons, suggesting that the cells not only control pituitary hormones but also may modulate nearby neurons.
Potential Mechanisms Underlying Intercortical Signal Regulation via Cholinergic Neuromodulators
Authors: Lee Jung H. , Whittington Miles A. , Kopell Nancy J. 
Published: November 2015

The dynamical behavior of the cortex is extremely complex, with different areas and even different layers of a cortical column displaying different temporal patterns. A major open question is how the signals from different layers and different brain regions are coordinated in a flexible manner to support function. Here, we considered interactions between primary auditory cortex and adjacent association cortex. Using a biophysically based model, we show how top-down signals in the beta and gamma regimes can interact with a bottom-up gamma rhythm to provide regulation of signals between the cortical areas and among layers. The flow of signals depends on cholinergic modulation: with only glutamatergic drive, we show that top-down gamma rhythms may block sensory signals. In the presence of cholinergic drive, top-down beta rhythms can lift this blockade and allow signals to flow reciprocally between primary sensory and parietal cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFlexible coordination of multiple cortical areas is critical for complex cognitive functions, but how this is accomplished is not understood. Using computational models, we studied the interactions between primary auditory cortex (A1) and association cortex (Par2). Our model is capable of replicating interaction patterns observedin vitroand the simulations predict that the coordination between top-down gamma and beta rhythms is central to the gating process regulating bottom-up sensory signaling projected from A1 to Par2 and that cholinergic modulation allows this coordination to occur.
Fractalkine Signaling Regulates Macrophage Recruitment into the Cochlea and Promotes the Survival of Spiral Ganglion Neurons after Selective Hair Cell Lesion
Authors: Kaur Tejbeer , Zamani Darius , Tong Ling , Rubel Edwin W. , Ohlemiller Kevin K. , Hirose Keiko , Warchol Mark E. 
Published: November 2015

Macrophages are recruited into the cochlea in response to injury caused by acoustic trauma or ototoxicity, but the nature of the interaction between macrophages and the sensory structures of the inner ear remains unclear. The present study examined the role of fractalkine signaling in regulating the injury-evoked behavior of macrophages following the selective ablation of cochlear hair cells. We used a novel transgenic mouse model in which the human diphtheria toxin receptor (huDTR) is selectively expressed under the control ofPou4f3, a hair cell-specific transcription factor. Administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) to these mice resulted in nearly complete ablation of cochlear hair cells, with no evident pathology among supporting cells, spiral ganglion neurons, or cells of the cochlear lateral wall. Hair cell death led to an increase in macrophages associated with the sensory epithelium of the cochlea. Their numbers peaked at 14 days after DT and then declined at later survival times. Increased macrophages were also observed within the spiral ganglion, but their numbers remained elevated for (at least) 56 d after DT. To investigate the role of fractalkine signaling in macrophage recruitment, we crossed huDTR mice to a mouse line that lacks expression of the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). Disruption of fractalkine signaling reduced macrophage recruitment into both the sensory epithelium and spiral ganglion and also resulted in diminished survival of spiral ganglion neurons after hair cell death. Our results suggest a fractalkine-mediated interaction between macrophages and the neurons of the cochlea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is known that damage to the inner ear leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells (macrophages), but the chemical signals that initiate this recruitment and the functions of macrophages in the damaged ear are unclear. Here we show that fractalkine signaling regulates macrophage recruitment into the cochlea and also promotes the survival of cochlear afferents after selective hair cell lesion. Because these afferent neurons carry sound information from the cochlea to the auditory brainstem, their survival is a key determinant of the success of cochlear prosthetics. Our data suggest that fractalkine signaling in the cochlea is neuroprotective, and reveal a previously uncharacterized interaction between cells of the cochlea and the innate immune system.
Beta-Band Oscillations Represent Auditory Beat and Its Metrical Hierarchy in Perception and Imagery
Authors: Fujioka Takako , Ross Bernhard , Trainor Laurel J. 
Published: November 2015

Dancing to music involves synchronized movements, which can be at the basic beat level or higher hierarchical metrical levels, as in a march (groups of two basic beats, one–two–one–two …) or waltz (groups of three basic beats, one–two–three–one–two–three …). Our previous human magnetoencephalography studies revealed that the subjective sense of meter influences auditory evoked responses phase locked to the stimulus. Moreover, the timing of metronome clicks was represented in periodic modulation of induced (non-phase locked) β-band (13–30 Hz) oscillation in bilateral auditory and sensorimotor cortices. Here, we further examine whether acoustically accented and subjectively imagined metric processing in march and waltz contexts during listening to isochronous beats were reflected in neuromagnetic β-band activity recorded from young adult musicians. First, we replicated previous findings of beat-related β-power decrease at 200 ms after the beat followed by a predictive increase toward the onset of the next beat. Second, we showed that the β decrease was significantly influenced by the metrical structure, as reflected by differences across beat type for both perception and imagery conditions. Specifically, the β-power decrease associated with imagined downbeats (the count “one”) was larger than that for both the upbeat (preceding the count “one”) in the march, and for the middle beat in the waltz. Moreover, beamformer source analysis for the whole brain volume revealed that the metric contrasts involved auditory and sensorimotor cortices; frontal, parietal, and inferior temporal lobes; and cerebellum. We suggest that the observed β-band activities reflect a translation of timing information to auditory–motor coordination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWith magnetoencephalography, we examined β-band oscillatory activities around 20 Hz while participants listened to metronome beats and imagined musical meters such as a march and waltz. We demonstrated that β-band event-related desynchronization in the auditory cortex differentiates between beat positions, specifically between downbeats and the following beat. This is the first demonstration of β-band oscillations related to hierarchical and internalized timing information. Moreover, the meter representation in the β oscillations was widespread across the brain, including sensorimotor and premotor cortices, parietal lobe, and cerebellum. The results extend current understanding of the role of β oscillations in neural processing of predictive timing.