bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dlx1 transcription factor regulates dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation through inhibition of neuropilin‐2 and PAK3 expression
Authors: Dai Xiaojing , Iwasaki Hirohide , Watanabe Masahiko , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDlx1, a member of the homeobox domain transcriptional factors, is expressed in a subset of interneurons and is involved in their differentiation. To understand the roles of Dlx1 in dendritic and postsynaptic differentiation, we manipulated Dlx1 expression in both excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons in hippocampal culture. Exogenous expression of Dlx1 in pyramidal neurons, which lack endogenous Dlx1, resulted in reduced complexity of dendritic arborization. This effect was dependent on the DNA‐binding motif of Dlx1. Dlx1 overexpression also induced prominent reduction of spine density, but with mild suppression in the formation of postsynaptic densities. To confirm the roles of endogenous Dlx1, we knocked down Dlx1 in interneurons and found enhanced dendritic growth. By manipulating the expression of possible downstream effectors of Dlx1, neuropilin‐2 and p21‐activated kinase 3, we provided evidence for the involvement of these two signaling molecules in Dlx1‐dependent regulation of dendritic differentiation. Our experimental data support the idea that Dlx1 expression in developing interneurons specifically suppresses two important downstream regulators, leading to the characteristic morphology of Dlx1‐expressing interneurons with less branched dendrites and few dendritic spines.
Time‐series analysis reveals genetic responses to intensive management of razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus)
Authors: Dowling Thomas E. , Turner Thomas F. , Carson Evan W. , Saltzgiver Melody J. , Adams Deborah , Kesner Brian , Marsh Paul C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTime‐series analysis is used widely in ecology to study complex phenomena and may have considerable potential to clarify relationships of genetic and demographic processes in natural and exploited populations. We explored the utility of this approach to evaluate population responses to management in razorback sucker, a long‐lived and fecund, but declining freshwater fish species. A core population in Lake Mohave (Arizona‐Nevada, USA) has experienced no natural recruitment for decades and is maintained by harvesting naturally produced larvae from the lake, rearing them in protective custody, and repatriating them at sizes less vulnerable to predation. Analyses of mtDNA and 15 microsatellites characterized for sequential larval cohorts collected over a 15‐year time series revealed no changes in geographic structuring but indicated significant increase in mtDNA diversity for the entire population over time. Likewise, ratios of annual effective breeders to annual census size (Nb/Na) increased significantly despite sevenfold reduction of Na. These results indicated that conservation actions diminished near‐term extinction risk due to genetic factors and should now focus on increasing numbers of fish in Lake Mohave to ameliorate longer‐term risks. More generally, time‐series analysis permitted robust testing of trends in genetic diversity, despite low precision of some metrics.
Determination of equine fetal sex by Doppler ultrasonography of the gonads
Authors: Resende H. L. , Carmo M. T. , Ramires Neto C. , Alvarenga M. A. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyThe identification of fetal sex in horses by location of the genital tubercle between 55 and 70 days of pregnancy is hampered by the large amount of allantoic fluid, extensive fetal movements and the extremely long umbilical cord; however, reliable results have been achieved by ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal gonads at 110–150 days of pregnancy.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to diagnose the sex of equine fetuses using B‐mode and/or colour Doppler transrectal ultrasonography in fetuses of different ages.Study designCross‐sectional study comparing 2 methods of determining fetal sex.MethodsThe evaluations were performed in 86 mares at 90–180 days of pregnancy using transrectal B‐mode and colour Doppler mode ultrasonography. Fetuses that had gonads with a homogeneous texture and a thin central longitudinal echogenic line were considered to be male. Females were identified by the presence of gonads with a central circular echogenic structure surrounded by a hypoechogenic external halo.ResultsUsing B‐mode ultrasonography, it was possible to determine the sex of 75% of the males, while determination of sex based on differences between the medullary and cortical layers of the ovary allowed 91.1% of females to be correctly identified. Using Doppler ultrasonography, 100% of males were successfully identified, while characteristic vascularisation of the female gonad could be detected in 98% of the evaluated female fetuses.ConclusionsColour Doppler ultrasonography combined with B‐mode ultrasonography allows the determination of fetal sex with greater accuracy than B‐mode ultrasonography alone, particularly for the identification of the male gonad. The use of Doppler ultrasonography enables the identification of sex in older fetuses.
Coexistence of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas with HNF1α‐inactivated adenomas: is there an association?
Authors: Castain Claire , Sempoux Christine , Brunt Elizabeth M , Causse Olivier , Heitzmann Anne , Hernandez‐Prera Juan C , Le Bail Brigitte , Schirmacher Peter , Thung Swan N , Balabaud Charles , Bioulac‐Sage Paulette 
Published: November 2013

AimsTo report the coexistence of inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (IHCA) and HNF1α‐inactivated HCA (H‐HCA) in cases from a multicentre study.Methods and resultsWe report nine cases with the coexistence of IHCA and H‐HCA; eight occurred in women, and one in a man. The numbers of nodules and the sizes of the largest and smallest HCAs were variable. In one case, the nodules of the two different subtypes were discovered at different times. In all women, HCAs were histologically typical, regardless of their subtype, whereas H‐HCA in the man differed histologically from classic H‐HCA.ConclusionsThese cases suggest that a predisposition to develop multiple adenomas, hypothetically caused by a ‘benign tumorigenic field effect’, although common to all HCAs, may result in different genotypes and phenotypes. Although this is rare, it is expected that more cases with the coexistence of different genotypes will emerge, owing to progress in the use of specific immunohistochemical approaches.
Influence of clarifying agents on the quality of pasteurised palmyra palm sap (Borassus flabellifer Linn.)
Authors: Naknean Phisut , Juntorn Nathathai , Yimyuan Titada 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe effects of clarifying agents, including bentonite, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), gelatin and chitosan, on the quality attributes of pasteurised palmyra palm sap were evaluated. After clarification and pasteurisation, the lowest polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and invertase activities were detected in the sample clarified with bentonite. PVPP and gelatine were found to be the most effective for removing polyphenol content. In addition, the sample treated with chitosan had the highest transmittance values. However, the sucrose, glucose and fructose contents were not affected by clarification. During storage, the PPO activity, invertase activity, polyphenol content and sucrose level decreased, while the fructose and glucose levels increased with the storage times. According to the Thai Community Product Standard, all pasteurised samples treated with a clarifying agent were acceptable for up to 25 days, whereas the nonclarified sample was spoiled because of the microbial loads. Thus, the clarification process prior to pasteurisation was able to improve the quality and microbiological shelf life of the pasteurised palmyra palm sap for at least 25 days.
The automation of routine light transmission platelet aggregation
Authors: Lawrie A. S. , Kobayashi K. , Lane P. J. , Mackie I. J. , Machin S. J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe investigation of platelet function by aggregometry requires specialist equipment and is labour intensive. We have developed an automated platelet aggregation method on a routine coagulation analyser.MethodsWe used a CS‐2000i (Sysmex) with prototype software to perform aggregation in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), using the following agonists: ADP (0.5–10 μm), epinephrine (0.5–10 μm), collagen (0.5–10 mg/μL), ristocetin (0.75–1.25 mg/mL) and arachidonic acid (0.12–1.0 mm). Platelet agonists were from Hyphen Biomed, and an AggRAM aggregometer (Helena Biosciences) was used as the reference instrument.ResultsCS‐2000i reaction cuvette stirrer speed was found to influence reaction sensitivity and was optimized to 800 rpm. There were no clinically significant changes in aggregation response when the PRP platelet count was 150–480 x 109/L, but below this there were changes in the maximum amplitude (MA) and slope (rate). Dose response with each of the agonists was comparable between CS‐2000i and an AggRAM aggregometer and normal subjects receiving antiplatelet drugs. Aggregation imprecision was similar on both the CS‐2000i and AggRAM systems, with a cv for 2–5 μm ADP MA and slope varying between 3–12%.ConclusionOur preliminary studies indicated that optimal sensitivity using the CS‐2000i was obtained with a reaction cuvette stirrer speed of 800 rpm and a PRP platelet count of 200–300 x 109/L; aggregation with a PRP count <100 x 109/L showed poor sensitivity. Imprecision and detection of antiplatelet drug effects was similar between the CS‐2000i and AggRAM. These data demonstrate that CS‐2000i is comparable to a stand‐alone aggregometer, although CS‐2000i has the advantages of walk‐away technology and also required a smaller sample volume than the AggRAM (44% less).
Gemcitabine‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Richmond J. , Gilbar P. , Abro E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a microvascular occlusive disorder characterised by platelet aggregation, thrombocytopenia and end‐organ damage. It is commonly idiopathic, although several drug classes, including cytotoxic chemotherapy, have been implicated. Several of cases of gemcitabine‐induced TMA have been documented with incidence likely to increase with the escalating use of gemcitabine. We report the cases of two patients who developed TMA while on gemcitabine chemotherapy.
Teaching Junior Medical Officers safe and effective prescribing
Authors: McCarthy R. M. , Hilmer S. N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMedication errors are an iatrogenic threat to patient safety, and recently graduated Junior Medical Officers (JMOs) are a common source of these errors. A ward‐based, physician‐led, small‐group interactive teaching session was developed to improve JMOs competence in prescribing. The ability of JMOs to detect problems in mock medication charts before and after the teaching session was assessed, with the majority improving after the intervention, a result sustained on re‐testing later in the year. The teaching sessions were well received by JMOs.
Denosumab‐induced hypocalcaemia in high bone turnover states of malignancy and secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal failure
Authors: Farinola N. , Kanjanapan Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDenosumab, an anti‐resorptive treatment for osteoporosis and skeletal metastases from solid tumours, can cause hypocalcaemia. The incidence may be higher than previously reported due to varying serum calcium cut‐off and timing of measurement. The following cases illustrate patients at risk of hypocalcaemia despite supplementation. These populations, with underlying high bone turnover from metastatic bone disease or secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure, may require closer monitoring of calcium levels post‐denosumab administration.
Use of a modified transfixation pin cast for treatment of comminuted phalangeal fractures in horses
Authors: Rossignol Fabrice , Vitte Amélie , Boening Josef 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo (1) report a modified transfixation pin cast technique, using dorsal recumbency for fracture reduction, distal positioning of the pins in the epiphysis and distal metaphysis, and a hybrid cast, combining plaster of Paris (POP) and fiberglass casting, and (2) report outcome in 11 adult horses.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsAdult horses (n = 11) with comminuted phalangeal fractures.MethodsHorses were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. The phalangeal fracture was reduced by limb traction using a cable attached to the hoof. Screw fixation in lag fashion of fracture fragments was performed when possible. Transfixation casting was performed using two 6.3 mm positive profile centrally threaded pins with the 1st pin placed in the epiphysis of the metacarpus/tarsus at the center of, or slightly proximal to, the condylar fossa and the 2nd one 3–4 cm proximal. A hybrid cast was applied.ResultsForelimbs were involved in 9 horses and the hind limb in 2. Pins were maintained for a minimum of 6 weeks. No pin loosening was observed at the time of removal (6–8 weeks). A pony fractured the distal aspect of the metacarpus at the proximal pin. Nine horses survived (82%); none of the horses developed septic arthritis despite the distal location of the distal pin, close to the fetlock joint.ConclusionThis modified transfixation pin casting technique was associated with good pin longevity and could reduce the risk of secondary pin hole fractures and pin loosening.
Pathophysiology of macular hole and diagnostic tools
Authors: STAPPLER T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Our understanding of the pathophysiology of macular hole development has evolved as the diagnostic tools at our disposal have become increasingly sophisticated. Methods Critical review of current published literature regarding pathogenesis of macular hole formation and an appraisal of modern imaging tools such as SD‐OCT, SLO‐microperimetry in diagnosis and prognostication. Results Perifoveal PVD with vitreomacular adhesion and vitreoschisis allow cortical vitreous to remain on the retinal surface and act as a scaffold for cell proliferation.The presence of a contiguous photoreceptor inner/outer segment (IS/OS) line indicating well‐restored photoreceptor cells is increasingly becoming a measure of functional success. Combined SD‐OCT and SLO microperimetry studies suspect that ILM peeling may reduce retinal sensitivity. Conclusions Macular hole size seems to be among the best prognostic factors available, however several computerised algorithms as well as the presence or absence of an intact IS/OS layer may correlate with visual outcome. Changes in retinal morphology such as the length of the foveal cone outer segment tips line defect may prognosticate visual acuity after macular hole closure.
Update on ocular surface burn in children
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChildren can be the victims of ocular surface burns, due to the exposition to chemical agents, extreme temperatures or ultraviolet, infrared or ionising radiations. Alkali burns differ from acid burns by the fact that they deeply penetrate in the anterior segment and so are particularly severe. Initial clinical examination (with the help of classifications) tells us how to adapt the treatment and gives us the prognosis. The 4 Grades Ropper‐Hall’s classification has been replaced by the more precise 6 Grades Dua’s one. Surgical treatment aiming to restoring a proper corneal epithelium has improved the prognosis of severe cases. It can address the acute (Amniotic Membrane Transplantation, Sequential Sectorial Epitheliectomies) or the late stage of the disease (Limbal Stem Cell (LSC) Transplantation / in or ex vivo expansion). In all cases, an optimal control of the ocular surface inflammation is essential to the LSC survival. In this presentation, we will apprehend the specificities, of the management of ocular surface burns in children.
My basic slit‐lamp? Yes I can!
Authors: BRON A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBefore embarking to the prescription and the interpretation imaging techniquesit is mandatory to carefully study the personal history of the patient and to record the symptoms and signs during the first steps of the clinical examination.Like the stethoscope for general practitioners and cardiologists, the slit‐lamp is a key step of the examination for ocular diseases by ophthalmologists. The details of the medical personal history and the findings collected during the slit‐lamp examination will help a lot for the diagnosis and the treatment of galucoma. In this course, young ophthalmologists will find a check list to help them in retrieving medical history, symptoms and a check list for the slit‐lamp examination from the lids to the anterior segment. Nowadays the evaluation of ocular surface for a glaucoma patient will help in choosing the more appropriate topical treatment.This rapid and systematic approach is designed to help young colleagues to improve their daily clinical practice with glaucoma patients.
Function in glaucoma? Yes I can!
Authors: ZEYEN T 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAutomated perimetry is the most important functional test in glaucoma patients. This course will teach which programs and strategies to use, how to instruct patients and avoid artifacts, and how to use the available software to interpret worsening of visual field defects and calculate rates of change. Finally, consensus statements will be provided on the usefulness of non‐conventional perimetric tests.
Pathophysiology of uveitis
Authors: DICK A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis talk will overview the pathophysiology of non‐infectious uveitis in relation to recent SUN (standardised uveitis nomenclature) disease classification. The experimental and translational human evidence of autoimmunity and activation of immunity will be discussed. In addition the talk will highlight the pathways and mechanisms of tissue damage that results in sight‐threatening disease.Traditionally, despite active immune regulatory mechanisms operative within the ocular environment, inflammation still occurs. Activated antigen and non‐antigen specific T cells are generated in uveitis. The interplay with innate immunity and in particular cells of myeloid lineage both systemically and within the local environment dictate the severity and extent of pathology we observe. The understanding of immune responses during the uveitis open many avenues to potential novel immunotherapies that not only suppress inflammation but attempt to redress immune balance, tolerance and local homeostasis within ocular tissues.
Classification of uveitis
Authors: ANDROUDI S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe use of classification criteria, supported by standardisation guidelines, is very important for disorders that have a multitude of associated aetiologies. The most widely used classification of uveitis is the one devised by the International Uveitis Study Group (IUSG) in 1987, based on the anatomical location of the inflammation. This classification includes anterior uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, and anterior cyclitis), intermediate uveitis (pars planitis, posterior cyclitis, and hyalitis), posterior uveitis (focal, multifocal, or diffuse choroiditis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, and neuroretinitis) or panuveitis (anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, and choroid). Today's uveitis nomenclature has been revised regarding the anatomical location and the grade of inflammation, and supplemented by the inclusion of definitions for onset, duration and course. While helpful for clinical practice and clinical trials, further work still needs to be carried out concentrating on validated clinical assessment tools for activity and damage for common, specific uveitic entities.
Genetically determined causes of eye movement disorders
Authors: LEROY B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo describe the phenotypes and genotypes of genetically determined disease leading to nystagmus. A case presentation format will be used to illustrate different genetically determined conditions leading to nystagmus. Both clinical and electrophysiological phenotypes as well as genotypes will be discussed. Phenotypes and genotypes of genetically determined nystagmus are very different. An important distinction to be made is the one between stationary and progressive diseases. Indeed, such distinction is important as the visual outcome varies considerably between those different conditions. Very diverse conditions may give rise to genetically determined nystagmus. Genetics and visual electrophysiology allows an important distinction between progressive and stationary conditions
The role of electrophysiology
Authors: HOLDER G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe presentation will utilise a case‐based approach to address management issues in the patient with involuntary eye movements. Accurate prognostic information can only be given when an accurate diagnosis has been established. Electrophysiological examination facilitates diagnosis, and helps distinguish between stationary and progressive disorders, and those disorders which are relatively benign from progressive blinding disorders. Characteristic ERG changes can also enable appropriate genetic screening even in patients with atypical clinical features.
Omega‐3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular events
Authors: DALLONGEVILLE J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLinoleic acid (LA) and alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) are precursors of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids. The effects of omega‐3 on cardiovascular risk factors – such as lipoprotein levels, blood pressure and glycemia – are very modest at standard low doses, significant only for large intakes. The observation of food habits in population cohorts allowed to define the effects of rich in ALA, EPA, DHA on the risk of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and sudden death. For ALA the results are inconsistent. Randomised trials have shown that oils enriched in EPA and DHA have an undeniable impact on heart rhythm. Consumers of long‐chain fatty acid have lower heart rates than controls. The meta‐analysis of cohort studies shows that consumption of omega‐3 long‐ chain (EPA‐DHA) reduces total mortality, death from cardiac causes, sudden death and possibly stroke. The data from prevention trials with omega‐3 long‐chain showed a decrease in coronary events, including fatal, in secondary prevention. These results are relatively consistent to believe that EPA and DHA intake reduces the fatal complications of myocardial infarction. In the present talk the most recent results of clinical trials on the prevention of CVD events by omega‐3 fatty acids will be presented.
Intra and inter donor variations of amniotic membrane
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere is a considerable variation in growth factors content of the Amniotic Membrane, between and within donors. This is further affected by handling of the AM. Such variations could affect the clinical efficacy of tissue constructs. Current use of AM for ex vivo expansion or surgery is not standardized and remains an area of concern. In this course we will apprehend the various aspects influencing these intra and inter‐donor variations.