bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the three-dimensional organization of sperm and fibroblast genomes using the Hi-C approach
Authors: Battulin Nariman , Fishman Veniamin S , Mazur Alexander M , Pomaznoy Mikhail , Khabarova Anna A , Afonnikov Dmitry A , Prokhortchouk Egor B , Serov Oleg L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
The three-dimensional organization of the genome is tightly connected to its biological function. The Hi-C approach was recently introduced as a method that can be used to identify higher-order chromatin interactions genome-wide. The aim of this study was to determine genome-wide chromatin interaction frequencies using the Hi-C approach in mouse sperm cells and embryonic fibroblasts.

Results
The obtained data demonstrate that the three-dimensional genome organizations of sperm and fibroblast cells show a high degree of similarity both with each other and with the previously described mouse embryonic stem cells. Both A- and B-compartments and topologically associated domains are present in spermatozoa and fibroblasts. Nevertheless, sperm cells and fibroblasts exhibit statistically significant differences between each other in the contact probabilities of defined loci. Tight packaging of the sperm genome results in an enrichment of long-range contacts compared with the fibroblasts. However, only 30% of the differences in the number of contacts are based on differences in the densities of their genome packages; the main source of the differences is the gain or loss of contacts that are specific for defined genome regions. We find that the dependence of the contact probability on genomic distance for sperm is close to the dependence predicted for the fractal globular folding of chromatin.

Conclusions
Overall, we can conclude that the three-dimensional structure of the genome is passed through generations without being dramatically changed in sperm cells.
Fetal microchimerism in kidney biopsies of lupus nephritis patients may be associated with a beneficial effect
Authors: Florim Greiciane MS , Caldas Heloisa C , de Melo Julio CR , Baptista Maria Alice SF , Fernandes Ida MM , Savoldi-Barbosa Marcela , Goldman Gustavo H , Abbud-Filho Mario 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Microchimeric male fetal cells (MFCs) have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and published studies have further correlated MFC with lupus nephritis (LN). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of MFC in the renal tissue of patients with LN.

Methods
Twenty-seven renal biopsies were evaluated: Fourteen were from women with clinical and laboratory findings of LN, and thirteen were from controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from kidney biopsies, and the male fetal DNA was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions for the detection of specific Y chromosome sequences.

Results
MFCs were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 of patients with LN, whereas no MFCs were found in the control group (P = 0.0006). No differences in pregnancy history were found between patients with LN and the control group. Significantly higher amounts of MFCs were found in patients with LN with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dl. Furthermore, women with MFCs had significantly better renal function at the time of biopsy (P = 0.03). In contrast, patients with LN without MFCs presented with more severe forms of glomerulonephritis (World Health Organization class IV = 60% and class V = 40%).

Conclusions
Our data indicate a high prevalence of MFCs in renal biopsy specimens from women with LN, suggesting a role for MFCs in the etiology of LN. The present report also provides some evidence that MFCs could have a beneficial effect in this disease.
Proteomic analysis of porcine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord: implication of the proteins involved in the higher migration capability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Huang Lei , Niu Chenguang , Willard Belinda , Zhao Weimin , Liu Lan , He Wei , Wu Tianwen , Yang Shulin , Feng Shutang , Mu Yulian , Zheng Lemin , Li Kui 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to proliferate in vivo with a large variety of differentiation potentials and therefore are widely used as an ideal material for cell therapy. MSCs derived from pig and human sources are similar in many aspects, such as cell immunophenotype and functional characteristics. However, differences in proteomics and the molecular mechanisms of cell functions between porcine bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) are largely unknown. To the best of our knowledge, MSCs collected from different tissue have specific phenotype and differentiation ability in response to microenvironment, known as a niche.

Methods
Porcine BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs were evaluated with flow cytometric and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation analyses. We used isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between these two types of MSCs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and phenotype analyses were used to understand the links between cell migration ability and DEPs.

Results
Two separate iTRAQ experiments were conducted, identifying 95 DEPs (95% confidence interval). Five of these proteins were verified by Western blotting. These 95 DEPs were classified in terms of biological regulation, metabolic process, developmental process, immune system process, reproduction, death, growth, signaling, localization, response to stimulus, biological adhesion, and cellular component organization. Our study is the first to show results indicating that porcine BM-MSCs have a higher migration capability than UC-MSCs. Finally, one of the DEPs, Vimentin, was verified to have a positive role in MSC migration.

Conclusions
These results represent the first attempt to use proteomics specifically targeted to porcine MSCs of different tissues. The identified components should help reveal a variety of tissue-specific functions in tissue-derived MSC populations and could serve as important tools for the regeneration of particular tissues in future stem cell-based tissue engineering studies using animal models.
Bidirectional longitudinal study of type 2 diabetes and depression symptoms in black and white church going adults
Authors: Hemmy Asamsama Octaviana , Lee Jerry W , Morton Kelly R , Tonstad Serena 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to longitudinally examine depression and DM2 relationship in a population that values positive health behaviors. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the bidirectional relationship between depression and DM2.MethodsA cohort sample of 4,746 Black (28.4%) and White (71.6%) Seventh-day Adventist adults who participated in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BRHS) completed a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 11 along with self-report of lifetime physician diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and treatment of DM2 and/or depression in the last 12 months in 2006–7 and 2010–11. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were completed to predict risk for future disease while controlling for demographic and health related variables.ResultsWhile there were no direct effects of depression on later DM2, there was an indirect effect mediated by BMI (effect = 0.13; 95% CIs [0.08, 0.20]) even after controlling for demographic variables as covariates using Hayes’ PROCESS macro mediation analysis. Similarly, there was also only an indirect effect of DM2 on later depression mediated by BMI (effect = 0.13; 95% CIs [0.05, 0.22]) after controlling for demographic variables.ConclusionsThe results highlight BMI as a risk factor for both DM2 and depression. The negative consequences of having higher BMI in conjunction at baseline with another disease can increase the risk for other chronic disease even in a span of 2.04 – 5.74 years, the length of study interval.
A Patient With a Thyrotropin-Secreting Microadenoma and Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (P453T)
Authors: Teng Xiaochun , Jin Ting , Brent Gregory A. , Wu Anhua , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan 
Published: April 2015

Context:
Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) β is due to mutations in the β-isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). TSH-secreting adenomas (TSHomas) are presumed to represent clonal expansion and have been reported to contain TRβ gene mutations. Mice with a knock-in mutation in the TRβ gene spontaneously develop TSHomas, although as yet no patient has been reported to have both a TSHoma and RTHβ.

Objective:
We investigated a 12-year-old girl with elevated serum T4 concentration, inappropriately high TSH levels, and a pituitary adenoma.

Design and Intervention:
Clinical, biochemical, and radiological assessments were performed at baseline and after a transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy.

Results:
The patient's laboratory results included: TSH, 21.12 mIU/L (0.35–4.94 mIU/L); free T3, 14.25 pmol/L (2.63–5.7 pmol/L); free T4, 28.79 pmol/L (9.01–19.05 pmol/L); serum glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (α-GSU), 0.32 ng/ml (0.22–0.39 ng/ml); and α-GSU/TSH, 0.15. Thyroid radioiodine uptake was increased by 94.4% at 24 hours. A T3 suppression test showed incomplete suppression of the serum TSH concentration and blunted response of the peripheral thyroid hormone markers. The sequence of TRβ exons confirmed a P453T mutation in the TRβ gene. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging revealed a microadenoma in the left side of the pituitary. The patient underwent transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. Histologically, the tumor stained positively for TSH-β, human Chorionic Gonadotropin alpha (HCG-α), GH, prolactin, and ACTH. After removal of the tumor, the patient's thyroid function improved significantly, and she experienced the onset of menarche and an increase in linear growth as well.

Conclusions:
This patient with RTHβ had a TSHoma consistent with previous findings linking somatic TRβ mutations to TSHomas.
Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of Diethoxyphosphorylphenyl-substituted Porphyrin and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Yadav Pinky , Kumar Amit , Sankar Muniappan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
meso-Tetrakis(4′-diethoxyphosphorylphenyl)porphyrin (H2TPhPP) was synthesized via modified Lindsey method with higher yield (50%) as compared to reported methods. H2TPhPP exhibited 120–140 mV anodic shifts in first ring redox potentials as compared to H2TPP. Similarly, anodic shifts of MTPhPP (M = Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) were 70–210 mV in first ring oxidation potentials and 80–120 mV in first ring reduction potentials, as compared to corresponding MTPPs due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of diethoxyphosphoryl substituents.
First Iron(II) Spin-crossover Complex with an N5S Coordination Sphere
Authors: Yamasaki Masaru , Ishida Takayuki 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A novel dinuclear iron(II) complex [{Fe(py3COH)(NCS)(μ-NCS)}2](PrOH)2 was prepared. Each Fe ion is coordinated with three N atoms from tridentate tris(2-pyridyl)methanol (py3COH) and two N and one S atoms from NCS− coligand. It showed a one-step gradual spin-crossover at T1/2 = 207 K. This compound is the first spin-crossover material having an FeN5S coordination structure.
Direct nucleophilic difluoromethylation of aromatic isoxazoles activated by electron-withdrawing groups using (difluoromethyl)trimethylsilane
Authors: Wang Xin , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The activation of aromatic diaryl isoxazoles with strong electron-withdrawing groups, such as the nitro, triflyl, and the phenylsulfonyl groups, at the 4-position has enabled the first regio- and diastereoselective difluoromethylation at the 5-position of isoxazoles by nucleophilic addition using (difluoromethyl) trimethylsilane, Me3SiCF2H, to provide difluoromethylated isoxazolines in good yields. Conjugated styryl-4-nitroisoxazoles were also nicely converted into the corresponding CF2H adducts with high regio- and excellent diastereoselectivities. Since the trifluoromethylated analogs of the corresponding diaryl-isoxazolines are effective ectoparasiticides, represented by fluralaner, should a series of difluoromethylated isoxazolines be obtained, they would be of great importance as promising drug candidates in this field.
ANN-based modeling of third order runge kutta method
Authors: Dehghanpour M. , Rahati A. , Dehghanian E. 
Published: April 2015

<p>The world's common rules (Quantum Physics, Electronics, Computational Chemistry and Astronomy) find their normal mathematical explanation in language of differential equations, so finding optimum numerical solution methods for these equations are very important. In this paper, using an artificial neural network (ANN) a numerical approach is designed to solve a specific system of differential equations such that the training process of the ANN calculates the optimal values for the coefficients of third order Runge Kutta method. To validate our approach, we performed some experiments by solving two body problem using coefficients obtained by ANN and also two other well-known coefficients namely Classical and Heun. The results show that the ANN approach has a better performance in compare with two other approaches.</p>
Equidistribution in supersingular Hecke orbits
Authors: Kret Arno 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We prove that Hecke operators act with equidistribution on the basic stratum of certain Shimura varieties. We relate the rate of convergence to the bounds from the Ramanujan conjecture of certain cuspidal automorphic representations on

GL
n

{\mathrm{GL}_{n}}

for which this conjecture is known, and therefore we obtain optimal estimates on the rate of convergence.
EAF Gas Waste Heat Utilization and Discussion of the Energy Conservation and CO2 Emissions Reduction
Authors: Yang Ling-zhi , Zhu Rong , Ma Guo-hong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAs a large number of energy was taken away by the high temperature furnace gas during the EAF smelting process, a huge economic and environmental benefits would obtained to recycle and utilize. In this paper, the energy of the EAF was analyzed theoretically with the hot metal ratio of 50%. Combined with the utilization of the gas waste heat during the scrap preheating, electricity generation, production of steam and production of coal gas processes, the effect of the energy saving and emission was calculated with comprehensive utilization of the high temperature furnace gas. An optimal scheme for utilization of the waste heat was proposed based on the calculation. The results show that the best way for energy saving and carbon reduction is the production of coal gas, while the optimal scheme for waste heat utilization is combined the production of coal gas with the scrap preheating, which will save 170 kWh/t of energy and decrease 57.88 kg/t of carbon emission. As hot metal ratio in EAF steelmaking is often more than 50%, which will produce more EAF gas waste heat, optimizing EAF gas waste heat utilization will have more obvious effect on energy saving and emission reduction.
Improvement of Activated Sludge Process Using a Nonlinear PI Controller Design via Adaptive Gain
Authors: López-Pérez P. A. , Neria-González M. I. , Aguilar-López R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The goal of this work was to design an adaptive nonlinear proportional–integral (PI) controller to regulate the dynamics of an aerobic wastewater bioreactor, providing a mathematical sketch of proof of the convergence of the control scheme. Adequate operating regions were determined and the corresponding steady-state points were studied via phase portrait and bifurcation analysis. The proposed controller was applied to a wastewater treatment plant to regulate dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and, indirectly, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the bioreactor; the recirculation flow rate was considered as the manipulated variable. The implementation was based on the mathematical bioreactor’s model, which was experimentally verified; it describes COD dynamics, DO, biomass, recirculation biomass concentrations, and temperature. The obtained results, via numerical simulations, showed that the proposed control law is able to control DO concentration; this control exhibited better performance in comparison to a linear one.
Oxidative-Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuel by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and ZnCl2Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Singh Sudeep , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Gautam Sanjay 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this study, oxidative-extractive desulfurization (OEDS) of liquid fuel has been studied using an ionic liquid prepared by coordination of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with ZnCl2. Synthetic model liquid fuel was prepared by dissolving dibenzothiophene (DBT) in iso-octane. In addition, actual diesel was also tested for total sulfur removal. Oxidation in the OEDS process was achieved by adding hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid to the mixture. Different parameters such as oil to ionic liquid ratio, oxidant to sulfur ratio and temperature were optimized. Kinetic study was performed at different temperatures so as to calculate the reaction rate constants. Optimized conditions were also tested for their applicability on actual diesel. At the optimized conditions (oxidant to sulfur ratio = 6, oil to ionic liquid ratio = 3 and temperature = 30°C), 78% sulfur removal was observed from model oil (initial sulfur concentration = 1,000 mg/L) and 65% sulfur removal was observed for actual diesel oil (initial sulfur concentration = 140 mg/L).
White Multicultural Voices in Southern Universities: An Overview
Authors: Doepker Gina M. , Chamberlain Steven 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
It is a fact that the diversity of today’s student population in schools across the United States is growing. According to the Center for Public Education (2012), it is also a fact that the majority of teachers in these schools are White, middleclass females. As a result of this demographic mismatch, teacher educators have been charged with the mission to help future teachers embrace multiculturalism so as to effectively meet the needs of this diverse student population. In order for this pedagogical shift to be successful, teacher educators themselves (who are also majority White) must first embrace the tenets of multiculturalism as well. This article introduces the Special Issue of Muticultural Learning and Teaching (MLT) that presents the personal narratives regarding multiculturalism of several White scholars in academia who currently work in the field of teacher education in southern universities where diversity abounds throughout the schools.
Paramilitaries and Electoral Support
Authors: Tribín Ana María 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the tactical redistribution of public resources by an incumbent seeking reelection in a country in the midst of an armed conflict. The illegal armed groups in Colombia are known to have extreme ideological beliefs; the guerrillas lean far to the Left, and the paramilitaries, far to the Right. The model and the empirical results show that regions with powerful groups who have a defined political ideology are less strategically attractive when it comes to the distribution of government resources. Nevertheless, when an illegal group can coerce voters to support a candidate and decide between candidates, as in the case of paramilitaries, redistribution is targeted to the illegal group. As a natural experiment, this paper empirically tests the effect of a policy to demobilize and reintegrate the members of paramilitary groups into society, so as to show the decisions on redistribution change when paramilitary forces do not exercise control in the municipalities.
Photocatalytic Properties of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 Composite
Authors: Ying Zuo  , Cong Wang  , Ying Sun  , Jiushan Cheng   
Published: April 2015

BiOCl/Bi2WO6 composite was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method. The photocatalytic activity of the product was investigated by degrading Methyl Orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The as-synthesized sample showed more efficient photocatalytic activity than that of single BiOCl or Bi2WO6.
Advancing the Modelling Environment for the Safety Assessment of the Swedish LILW Repository at Forsmark
Authors: von Schenck Henrik , Kautsky Ulrik , Gylling Björn , Abarca Elena , Molinero Jorge 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn extension of the Swedish final repository for short-lived radioactive waste (SFR) is planned and a safety assessment has been performed as part of the licensing process. Within this work, steps have been taken to advance the modelling environment to better integrate its individual parts. It is desirable that an integrating modelling environment provides the framework to set up and solve a consistent hierarchy of models on different scales. As a consequence, the consistent connection between software tools and models needs to be considered, related to the full assessment domain. It should also be possible to include the associated geometry and material descriptions, minimizing simplifications of conceptual understanding.The usefulness of the analysis software Comsol Multiphysics as component of an integrating modelling environment has been tested. Here, we present two examples of hierarchical models. Consistent properties and boundary conditions have been extracted form regional hydrogeology and surface hydrology models when setting up repository scale models. CAD models of the repository have been imported into the analysis software, representing tunnel systems and storage vaults with engineered structures and barriers. Data from geographic information systems such as digital elevation models and geological formations have been also directly implemented into model geometries.The repository scale hydrology models have provided a basis for further developments focussed on the modelling of coupled processes. An interface between Comsol Multiphysics and the geochemical simulator Phreeqc has been developed to support reactive solute transport studies. An important test case concerns radionuclide transport in a 3D, near-surface model of a catchment area. The dynamic surface hydrology has been simulated with MIKE SHE and connected to Comsol Multiphysics and Phreeqc for detailed hydro-geo-chemical modelling of radionuclide migration through soils and sediments.
Energetic Ion Bombardment of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Konesky Gregory A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCarbon Nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit exceptional properties in terms of high strength-to-weight, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity, and have been employed as a reinforcement in various composites and other materials. Their tolerance to radiation environments may be suggested by their response to energetic ion bombardment. We discuss the effects of argon ion bombardment of both thin and thick multiwall carbon nanotube films over a range of 4 to 11 keV at fluence levels up to the order of 1021 ions/cm2. While individual carbon atoms are readily displaced from a carbon nanotube by bombardment at these energies, these nanotubes also exhibit a self-healing capability. At moderate energies and fluence, if two or more carbon nanotubes are touching and an ion strikes this point, they heal together where a junction or cross-link between them is created and the nanotubes interpenetrate. Even though some of the properties of the carbon nanotubes may be degraded by ion bombardment at non-junction regions, we have demonstrated a bulk cross-linked thin film of randomly oriented multiwall carbon nanotubes with an isotropic thermal conductivity of 2150 W/m K. At higher energies and fluence, the carbon nanotubes appear to collapse and reform aligned parallel to the incoming ion bombardment trajectory, producing high aspect ratio tapered structures. These structures are, in general, fully dense, unlike the loosely packed random carbon nanotube array from which they originated. There is also a sharp transition at the base of these structures from the dense form to the loose-packed form, suggesting that these structures may inhibit further penetration of the energetic ions.