bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinship and Beyond: The Genealogical Model Reconsidered
Authors: Schram Ryan 
Published: April 2014

Review of Kinship and Beyond: The Genealogical Model Reconsidered. Sandra Bamford and James Leach, eds. 2009. Berghahn Books, New York. 292 pp., 21 illustrations, bibliography, index. $95.00 (hardback). ISBN 9781845454227.
Sustainable Science? Reducing the Carbon Impact of Scientific Mega-Meetings
Authors: Ponette-González Alexandra G. , Byrnes Jarrett E. 
Published: April 2014

Scientists across the globe recognize the importance of reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change. At the same time, we have increased our carbon footprint through air travel to the growing number of scientific society “mega-meetings” that host thousands of attendees. Although alternative solutions have been proposed to reduce the environmental impact of annual conferences, these have yet to be evaluated against the business-as-usual scenario. Here, we use 9 years of annual meeting attendance data from the Ecological Society of America and the Association of American Geographers to assess the efficacy of two additional solutions: 1) alternate large national meetings that require significant air travel with smaller regional meetings that do not; and 2) incorporate geography into the meeting location selection process. The carbon footprint of annual mega-meetings ranged 3-fold, from 1196-4062 metric tons of CO2. Results indicate that an alternating schedule of national and regional meetings can reduce conference-related CO2 emissions up to 73%, while improved spatial planning may result in further reductions. We discuss the benefits and tradeoffs of proposals to green scientific meetings, with a view to spark further debate on how to increase the sustainability of scientific conferences.
The Banana Tree at the Gate: A History of Marginal Peoples and Global Markets in Borneo
Authors: Anderson E. N. 
Published: April 2014

Review of The Banana Tree at the Gate: A History of Marginal Peoples and Global Markets in Borneo. Michael R. Dove. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011. Xix, 332 pp. Illus. Bibliography, indexes. ISBN 978‐0‐300‐15321‐7 (hardcover). $55.00.
Wild Cultures: A Comparison between Chimpanzee and Human Cultures
Authors: Contreras Diana Rocío Carvajal 
Published: April 2014

Review of Wild Cultures: A Comparison between Chimpanzee and Human Cultures. Christophe Boesch. 2012. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 276, 68 b & w illustrations, 11 tables. £60 (hardback). ISBN 9781109025370.
Animal Certifié Conforme: Déchiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant
Authors: Gade Daniel W. 
Published: April 2014

Review of Animal Certifié Conforme: Déchiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant. Bernadette Lizet and Jacqueline Milliet, eds. 2012. Dunod/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Pp 256. €22 (paperback). ISBN 9782100582853.
Effect of testosterone on markers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism in muscle of aging men with subnormal bioavailable testosterone
Authors: Petersson Stine J , Christensen Louise L , Kristensen Jonas M , Kruse Rikke , Andersen Marianne , Højlund Kurt 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveRecent studies have indicated that serum testosterone in aging men is associated with insulin sensitivity and expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), and that testosterone treatment increases lipid oxidation. Herein, we investigated the effect of testosterone therapy on regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and markers of OxPhos and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle of aging men with subnormal bioavailable testosterone levels.MethodsSkeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after treatment with either testosterone gel (n=12) or placebo (n=13) for 6 months. Insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation were assessed by euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp and indirect calorimetry. Muscle mRNA levels and protein abundance and phosphorylation of enzymes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, OxPhos, and lipid metabolism were examined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.ResultsDespite an increase in lipid oxidation (P<0.05), testosterone therapy had no effect on insulin sensitivity or mRNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (PPARGC1A,PRKAA2, andPRKAG3), OxPhos (NDUFS1,ETFA,SDHA,UQCRC1, andCOX5B), or lipid metabolism (ACADVL,CD36,CPT1B,HADH, andPDK4). Consistently, protein abundance of OxPhos subunits encoded by both nuclear (SDHAandUQCRC1) and mitochondrial DNA (ND6) and protein abundance and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and p38 MAPK were unaffected by testosterone therapy.ConclusionThe beneficial effect of testosterone treatment on lipid oxidation is not explained by increased abundance or phosphorylation-dependent activity of enzymes known to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis or markers of OxPhos and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle of aging men with subnormal bioavailable testosterone levels.
Association of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I with the risk of type 2 diabetes in subjects with impaired fasting glucose
Authors: Hwang You-Cheol , Ahn Hong-Yup , Park Sung-Woo , Park Cheol-Young 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesHDLs have many diverse functions. The goal of this study was to determine the association of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In particular, this study determined the association between the ratio of HDL-C to apoA-I (HA) and incident T2D.Design and methodsA total of 27 988 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (18 266 men and 9722 women) aged 21–91 years (mean age 40.7 years) were followed for a mean duration of 2.81 years.ResultsStudy subjects were divided into quartiles according to the baseline HA ratio. Age, male sex, current smoking, BMI, waist circumference, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased across the quartiles, and all metabolic profiles, including blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin resistance as determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and lipid measurements such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, non-HDL-C, and apoB, improved as the HA ratio increased. In addition, incident cases of T2D decreased as the HA ratio increased, independent of age, sex, BMI, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, fasting serum insulin, family history of diabetes, and serum triglyceride concentrations (HR (95% CI) of fourth quartile vs first quartile; 0.76 (0.67–0.86), P<0.0001).ConclusionsA higher HA ratio was associated with favorable metabolic profiles and a lower risk of T2D development in subjects with IFG.
Two Genomic Regions Contribute Disproportionately to Geographic Differentiation in Wild Barley
Authors: Fang Zhou , Gonzales Ana M , Clegg Michael T , Smith Kevin P , Muehlbauer Gary J , Steffenson Brian J , Morrell Peter L 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGenetic differentiation in natural populations is driven by geographic distance and by ecological or physical features within and between natural habitats that reduce migration. The primary population structure in wild barley differentiates populations east and west of the Zagros Mountains. Genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations is uneven across the genome and is greatest on linkage groups 2H and 5H. Genetic markers in these two regions demonstrate the largest difference in frequency between the primary populations and have the highest informativeness for assignment to each population. Previous cytological and genetic studies suggest there are chromosomal structural rearrangements (inversions or translocations) in these genomic regions. Environmental association analyses identified an association with both temperature and precipitation variables on 2H and with precipitation variables on 5H.
Genomic Organization and Evolution of the Trace Amine-Associated Receptor (TAAR) Repertoire in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Tessarolo Jordan A , Tabesh Mohammad J , Nesbitt Michael , Davidson William S 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
There is strong evidence that olfaction plays a key role in the homing of salmonids to their natal spawning grounds, particularly in the freshwater phase. However, the physiological and genetic mechanisms behind this biological phenomenon are largely unknown. It has been shown that Pacific salmon respond to dissolved free amino acids from their natal streams. This indicates that amino acids comprise part of the olfcatory cues for imprinting and homing in salmonids. As trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), a class of olfactory receptors that are close relatives of the G protein-coupled aminergic neurotransmitter receptors, recognize amino acid metabolites, we hypothesize that TAARs play an important role in salmon homing by recognizing olfactory cues. Therefore, to better understand homing in Atlantic salmon, we set out to characterize the TAAR genes in this species. We searched the first assembly of the Atlantic salmon genome for sequences resembling TAARs previously characterized in other teleosts. We identified 27 putatively functional TAAR genes and 25 putative TAAR pseudogenes, which cluster primarily on chromosome 21 (Ssa21). Phylogenetic analysis of TAAR amino acid sequences from 15 vertebrate species revealed the TAAR gene family arose after the divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates. The TAARs group into three classes with salmon possessing class I and class III TAARs. Within each class, evolution is characterized by species-specific gene expansions, which is in contrast to what is observed in other olfactory receptor families (e.g., OlfCs and oras).
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) Mutation in Breast Adenocarcinoma Is Associated With Elevated Levels of Serum and Urine 2-Hydroxyglutarate
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Sadrzadeh Hossein , Comander Amy H. , Higgins Michaela J. , Bardia Aditya , Perry Ashley , Burke Meghan , Silver Regina , Matulis Christina R. , Straley Kimberly S. , Yen Katharine E. , Agresta Sam , Kim Hyeryun , Schenkein David P. , Borger Darrell R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mutations in the IDH1 and IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) genes have been discovered across a range of solid-organ and hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, glioma, chondrosarcoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. An intriguing aspect of IDH-mutant tumors is the aberrant production and accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which may play a pivotal oncogenic role in these malignancies. We describe the first reported case of an IDH1 p.R132L mutation in a patient with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast adenocarcinoma. This patient was initially treated for locally advanced disease, but then suffered a relapse and metastasis, at which point an IDH1-R132 mutation was discovered in an affected lymph node. The mutation was subsequently found in the primary tumor tissue and all metastatic sites, but not in an uninvolved lymph node. In addition, the patient's serum and urine displayed marked elevations in the concentration of 2-HG, significantly higher than that measured in six other patients with metastatic HR+ breast carcinoma whose tumors were found to harbor wild-type IDH1. In summary, IDH1 mutations may impact a rare subgroup of patients with breast adenocarcinoma. This may suggest future avenues for disease monitoring through noninvasive measurement of 2-HG, as well as for the development and study of targeted therapies against the aberrant IDH1 enzyme.
Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Response to Differential Diet Composition in a Weight Loss Program in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rock Cheryl L. , Flatt Shirley W. , Pakiz Bilge , Taylor Kenneth S. , Leone Angela F. , Brelje Kerrin , Heath Dennis D. , Quintana Elizabeth L. , Sherwood Nancy E. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To test whether a weight loss program promotes greater weight loss, glycemic control, and improved cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with control conditions and whether there is a differential response to higher versus lower carbohydrate intake.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This randomized controlled trial at two university medical centers enrolled 227 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes and assigned them to parallel in-person diet and exercise counseling, with prepackaged foods in a planned menu during the initial phase, or to usual care (UC; two weight loss counseling sessions and monthly contacts).

RESULTS
Relative weight loss was 7.4% (95% CI 5.7–9.2%), 9.0% (7.1–10.9%), and 2.5% (1.3–3.8%) for the lower fat, lower carbohydrate, and UC groups (P &lt; 0.001 intervention effect). Glycemic control markers and triglyceride levels were lower in the intervention groups compared with UC group at 1 year (fasting glucose 141 [95% CI 133–149] vs. 159 [144–174] mg/dL, P = 0.023; hemoglobin A1c 6.9% [6.6–7.1%] vs. 7.5% [7.1–7.9%] or 52 [49–54] vs. 58 [54–63] mmol/mol, P = 0.001; triglycerides 148 [134–163] vs. 204 [173–234] mg/dL, P &lt; 0.001). The lower versus higher carbohydrate groups maintained lower hemoglobin A1c (6.6% [95% CI 6.3–6.8%] vs. 7.2% [6.8–7.5%] or 49 [45–51] vs. 55 [51–58] mmol/mol) at 1 year (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
The weight loss program resulted in greater weight loss and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Prevention of Recurrent Foot Ulcers With Plantar Pressure–Based In-Shoe Orthoses: The CareFUL Prevention Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ulbrecht Jan S. , Hurley Timothy , Mauger David T. , Cavanagh Peter R. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of in-shoe orthoses that were designed based on shape and barefoot plantar pressure in reducing the incidence of submetatarsal head plantar ulcers in people with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and a history of similar prior ulceration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Single-blinded multicenter randomized controlled trial with subjects randomized to wear shape- and pressure-based orthoses (experimental, n = 66) or standard-of-care A5513 orthoses (control, n = 64). Patients were followed for 15 months, until a study end point (forefoot plantar ulcer or nonulcerative plantar forefoot lesion) or to study termination. Proportional hazards regression was used for analysis.

RESULTS
There was a trend in the composite primary end point (both ulcers and nonulcerative lesions) across the full follow-up period (P = 0.13) in favor of the experimental orthoses. This trend was due to a marked difference in ulcer occurrence (P = 0.007) but no difference in the rate of nonulcerative lesions (P = 0.76). At 180 days, the ulcer prevention effect of the experimental orthoses was already significant (P = 0.003) when compared with control, and the benefit of the experimental orthoses with respect to the composite end point was also significant (P = 0.042). The hazard ratio was 3.4 (95% CI 1.3–8.7) for the occurrence of a submetatarsal head plantar ulcer in the control compared with experimental arm over the duration of the study.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that shape- and barefoot plantar pressure–based orthoses were more effective in reducing submetatarsal head plantar ulcer recurrence than current standard-of-care orthoses, but they did not significantly reduce nonulcerative lesions.
Evaluation of thromboelastography for prediction of clinical bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs after total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Bucknoff Melissa C. , Hanel Rita M. , Marks Steven L. , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. , Suter Steven E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether thromboelastography is more accurate than conventional methods of evaluating hemostasis for the prediction of clinical bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs following total body irradiation (TBI) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT).
Animals—10 client-owned thrombocytopenic dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Procedures—Results of a kaolin-activated thromboelastography assay, platelet count, and buccal mucosal bleeding time were evaluated for correlation to clinical bleeding.
Results—Maximum amplitude, derived via thromboelastography, was the only hemostatic variable with significant correlation to clinical bleeding. Buccal mucosal bleeding time had a high sensitivity but poor specificity for identifying dogs with clinical bleeding.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with buccal mucosal bleeding time and platelet count, thromboelastography was more reliable at identifying thrombocytopenic dogs with a low risk of bleeding and could be considered to help guide the use of transfusion products in dogs undergoing TBI and BMT.
Efficacy of a flexible schedule for administration of a Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin to beef calves
Authors: Cortese Victor S. , Gallo Guillermo F. , Cleary Diane L. , Galvin Jeffrey E. , Leyh Randy D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether a flexible vaccination regimen provides protection against challenge exposure with a virulent Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo isolate.
Animals—Fifty-five 4-week-old calves seronegative for antibodies against L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo.
Procedures—Calves were assigned to 3 groups and administered 2 doses of adjuvant (control calves; n = 11), 1 dose of serovar Hardjo bacterin and 1 dose of adjuvant (22), or 2 doses of the serovar Hardjo bacterin (22); there was a 16-week interval between dose administrations. Three weeks after the second dose, all calves were challenge exposed by use of conjunctival instillation of a heterologous strain of L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo for 3 consecutive days. Urine samples for leptospiral culture were collected for 5 weeks after challenge exposure; at that time, all calves were euthanized and kidney samples collected for leptospiral culture.
Results—Antibody titers increased in both leptospiral-vaccinated groups of calves. A significant increase in antibody titers against L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo was detected after administration of the second dose of L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin and challenge exposure. In 10 of 11 adjuvant-treated control calves, serovar Hardjo was isolated from both urine and kidney samples. Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo was not isolated from the urine or kidney samples obtained from any of the 21 remaining calves that received 1 dose of bacterin or the 20 remaining calves that received 2 doses of bacterin.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Protection in young calves was induced by vaccination with 1 or 2 doses of a serovar Hardjo bacterin.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity and DNA cleavage protection effect of naphthyl hydroxamic acid derivatives through conventional and fluorescence microscopic methods
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Khare Deepesh , Pande Rama 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAntioxidant capacity of N-(1-naphthyl)valerohydroxamic acid (NVHA) and N-(1-naphthyl)phenylacetohydroxamic acid (NPAHA) has been evaluated by a novel approach employing the fluorescence microscopic single molecule observation method. This method allows direct observation of the changes in single DNA molecules. The DNA cleavage protection activity of the compounds was also assessed by the gel electrophoresis method. The applied methods confirmed that both compounds are capable of inhibiting the free radical mediated DNA damage. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed via the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and lipid peroxidation inhibition methods. The effective concentration causing a 50 % inhibition of the DPPH concentration, EC50, was found to be 371.54 mM for NVHA and 365.95 mM for NPAHA. Its lipid peroxidation inhibition ability was calculated to be 40.91 % at 371.54 mM for NVHA and 41.14 % at 365.95 mM for NPAHA. These results show the antioxidant potential of the naphthyl hydroxamic acids.
A facile synthetic route for antineoplastic drug GDC-0449
Authors: Cao Meng , Hu Hua-You , Zhao Hu-Cheng , Zhang Xi-Quan , Gu Hong-Mei , Yang Ling , Cai Jin , Wang Peng , Hu Bing , Ji Min 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn the current study a facile synthetic route for preparing antineoplastic drug GDC-0449 is investigated. Starting with pyridine-1-oxide and 1-iodo-3-nitrobenzene, the intermediate product 2-(2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl) pyridine was prepared by cross-coupling, deoxidation and halogenation. The final compound was then synthesised by reduction of the nitro group followed by amidation. This synthetic route avoids the use of unstable organometallic or organic boride compounds; it employs relatively inexpensive and bench-stable reagents, involves readily controllable reaction conditions, and achieves a relatively high yield.
In-situ catalytic growth of MgAl2O4 spinel whiskers in MgO–C refractories
Authors: Zhu Boquan , Wei Guoping , Li Xiangcheng , Ma Zheng , Wei Ying 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Upon application of nano-sized metallic Ni particles as catalyst, the in-situ synthesis mechanism of spinel whiskers in MgO–C refractories was studied. Their phase composition and morphology were determined by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy supported by energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that when the catalyst of nano-sized Ni was added in MgO–C refractories, the granular MgAl2O4 (MA) spinels transformed into the shape of whiskers at 1 200 °C. The presence of Ni catalyst can accelerate the generation of Mg vapor, which can react with Al vapor to form MA spinel whiskers. Through dissolution and precipitation, MA spinel crystals nucleate directly and grow into whiskers from the catalytic droplets of nano-sized metallic Ni particles. The growth of spinel whiskers follows a typical vapor–liquid–solid (V–L–S) growth mechanism.
Crevice corrosion resistance of high alloyed materials in 3.5 % NaCl solution
Authors: Alar Vesna , Stojanović Ivan , Šimunović Vinko , Novak Tomislav 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The effects of applied torque on the corrosion behaviour of W.-Nr. 1.4404 and 1.4462 stainless steels and W.-Nr. 2.4605 and 2.4858 nickel alloys with crevices were investigated using the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method. Crevice corrosion (material-to-polytetrafluoroethylene) was tested in 3.5 % NaCl solution at 22 °C. The corroded surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate similar trends in susceptibility to crevice corrosion with increasing torque. Among the four specimens, the W.-Nr. 1.4404 is the most susceptible to crevice corrosion.
Thermophysical properties of solid phase rhodium measured by the pulse calorimetry technique over a wide temperature range
Authors: Milošević Nenad 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results on four thermophysical properties of pure polycrystalline rhodium samples over a wide temperature range. Specific heat capacity and specific electrical resistivity were measured from 300 to 2 200 K, while hemispherical total and normal spectral emissivities were measured from 1 200 to 2 200 K. All the properties were obtained by means of the electrical pulse calorimetry technique using specimens in the form of a thin rod, of about 2 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length. For necessary corrections, literature data on thermal linear expansion have been used. All the results are compared with available literature data and discussed.