bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum cotinine as a biomarker of tobacco exposure and the association with treatment response in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Maska Leann B. , Sayles Harlan R. , O'Dell James R. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Bridges S. Louis , Moreland Larry W. , Cofield Stacey S. , Mikuls Ted R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveCigarette smoking has emerged as a risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have suggested that cigarette smoking may lead to lower treatment response rates with methotrexate (MTX) and some biologic agents in RA. Knowledge of whether tobacco exposure reduces treatment efficacy is important, since smoking could represent a modifiable factor in optimizing RA treatment.MethodsThe study participants included patients with early RA (<3 years in duration) enrolled in the Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis study, a randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial comparing early intensive therapy (MTX + etanercept or MTX + hydroxychloroquine + sulfasalazine triple therapy) versus initial treatment with MTX with step‐up to MTX + etanercept or to triple therapy if the disease was still active at 24 weeks. Serum cotinine was measured using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and at 48 weeks, with detectable concentrations at both visits serving as an indicator of smoking status. The mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) was compared by smoking status, adjusting for baseline disease activity.ResultsOf the 412 subjects included in the analysis, 293 (71%) were categorized as nonsmokers and 119 (29%) as current smokers. There were no differences in the mean DAS28 score between 48 and 102 weeks based on smoking status for the overall group (P = 0.881) or by specific treatment assignment.ConclusionAmong patients enrolled in a large randomized controlled trial of early RA with poor prognostic factors, smoking status did not impact treatment responses for those receiving early combination or initial MTX with step‐up therapy at 24 weeks if the disease was still active.
Comparative study of environmental factors influencing motor task learning and memory retention in sighted and blind crayfish
Authors: Bierbower Sonya M. , Shuranova Zhanna P. , Viele Kert , Cooper Robin L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn classical conditioning, an alteration in response occurs when two stimuli are regularly paired in close succession. An area of particular research interest is classical conditioning with a chemical signal and visual and/or tactile stimuli as the unconditional stimuli, to test manipulative and motor behaviors in a learning paradigm. A classical learning task chamber was developed to examine learning trends in a sighted surface‐dwelling crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and in a blind cave‐dwelling crayfish, Orconectes australis packardi. We examined whether learning is influenced by environmental factors and/or reliance on different primary sensory modalities. Crayfish were trained to manipulate a large, cumbersome cheliped through a small access point to obtain a food reward. In both species, acquisition of the learning task was rapid when they were in nonstressed conditions. The blind crayfish tested in low white light did not successfully complete the task, suggesting a stress response.
A Series of 1D, 2D, and 3D Coordination Polymers Based on Flexible 3‐Carboxy‐1‐Carboxymethyl‐2‐Oxidopyridinium and Different N‐Donor Ligands – Syntheses, Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Yang Ying‐Qi , Yang Jin , Kan Wei‐Qiu , Yang Yan , Guo Jiao , Ma Jian‐Fang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwelve new coordination polymers, namely, [Pb(L)] (1), [Mn2(L)2(H2O)] (2), [Mn(L)(H2O)] (3), [Zn3(L)2(H2O)4] (4), [Zn(L)(pbib)0.5]·1.5H2O (5), [Cd(L)(pbib)0.5]·2H2O (6), [Zn(L)(bbtz)0.5]·H2O (7), [Zn(L)(bbmb)0.5] (8), [Co(L)(bbmb)0.5(H2O)] (9), [Zn(L)(biim‐6)0.5]·2H2O (10), [Cd(L)(biim‐6)0.5]·2H2O (11), and [Cd(L)(biim‐4)0.5]·2H2O (12) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions [H2L = 3‐carboxy‐1‐carboxymethyl‐2‐oxidopyridinium, pbib = 1,4‐bis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, bbtz = 1,4‐bis(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, bbmb = 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole), biim‐6 = 1,1′‐(1,6‐hexanediyl)bis(imidazole), and biim‐4 = 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(imidazole)]. Compound 1 features 1D double‐chain structures, which are further linked by C–H···O hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compounds 2–11 have 2D layer structures. Compound 2 possesses a 2D (42·64) layer. Compound 3 exhibits a 2D undulated 44‐squar lattice (sql) sheet. The 2D layers of 2 and 3 are further connected by intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions, which lead to 3D supramolecular architectures. The structure of 4 is a 2D (3,4)‐connected net with the (42·62·82)(42·6) topology. Compounds 5–7 have similar structures and show 2D networks with 4‐connected 44‐sql topologies. Compounds 8 and 9 have similar structures and display (3,4)‐connected networks with the (42·6)(42·63·8) topology. Compounds 10 and 11 reveal similar 4‐connected 44‐sql nets. The 2D layers of 5–11 are further extended into 3D supramolecular architectures through π–π interactions. Compound 12 has a 3D (65·8) CdSO4‐type framework. The thermal stabilities of 1–12 have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The luminescent properties for 4–8 and 10–12 have also been investigated in detail.
Synthesis and Configuration of the Phenolic Nonadecanediol Isolated from the Resinous Exudates of Heliotropium sinuatum
Authors: Chen Chao‐Yuan , Zhang Shao‐Min , Wu Yikang , Gao Po 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe (3S,5R) and (3R,5R) isomers of the title compound were synthesized from enantiopure epoxide chiral building blocks readily accessible from D‐gluconolactone. The former (a syn‐1,3‐diol) gave 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data and optical rotation in good agreement with those reported for the natural product, whereas distinct differences were found with the data for the latter (an anti‐1,3‐diol). These results unambiguously showed that the absolute configuration of the natural product must be (3S,5R).
Forty years of USAID health cooperation in Bolivia. A lose–lose game?
Authors: Tejerina Herland , Closon Marie‐Christine , Paepe Pierre De , Darras Christian , Dessel Patrick Van , Unger Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe present article proposes an analysis of the USA–Bolivia relationships in the health sector between 1971 and 2010 based on a grey and scientific literature review and on interviews. We examined United States Agency for International Development (USAID) interventions, objectives, consistency with Bolivian needs, and impact on health system integration. USAID operational objectives—decentralization, fertility and disease control, and maternal and child health—may have worked against each other while competing for limited Ministry of Health resources. They largely contributed to the segmentation and fragmentation of the Bolivian health system. US cooperation in health did not significantly improve health status while the USAID failed to properly tackle anti‐drugs, political, and economic US interests in Bolivia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of region on the composition of milk fatty acids in China
Authors: Yang Yongxin , Wang Jiaqi , Yuan Tingjie , Bu Dengpan , Yang Jinhui , Zhou Lingyun , Sun Peng , Zhang Juanxia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMilk composition and its fatty acid profile have received much attention with respect to improving human health. However, limited work has been conducted to assess the composition of milk fat in China, which is the third largest producer of milk in the world. In this study the effects of geographical region and seasonal changes (spring and summer) on the fatty acid composition of milk samples collected from six Chinese farms were investigated.ResultsMilk fat and protein contents, as well as some individual fatty acids and five fatty acid groups, were found to be unaffected by season, but they did show significant differences by geographical region. Levels of milk cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid decreased in summer and increased in spring, increased in north (Hohhot), northeast (Harbin), north centre (Beijing) and northwest (Xi'an) China and decreased in far northwest (Urumqi) and east (Chuzhou) China. Monounsaturated fatty acids increased in east and northwest China and decreased in northeast China, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased in far northwest and north centre China and decreased in northeast China.ConclusionThis study provides relevent information that contributes to the understanding of parameters affecting variability of milk fatty acid profiles. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the evaluation of yam (Dioscorea alata) germplasm and breeding lines
Authors: Lebot Vincent , Malapa Roger 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDThousands of yam (Dioscorea spp.) accessions are maintained in germplasm collections. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the tubers are rarely characterised. Unless a simple, low cost, screening tool is available, it is difficult to evaluate the quality of varieties and breeding lines. We investigated the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative method for predicting the major constituents of the yam tuber.RESULTSTwo hundred and sixty‐five accessions, belonging to seven different Dioscorea spp., were analysed for starch, amylose, sugars, proteins, minerals and cellulose. The comparison of the NIR spectra and the chemical values allowed the establishment of equations of calibration for the prediction of starch, sugars and proteins (equivalent N). The r2pred values for starch, sugars and proteins (respectively 0.84, 0.86 and 0.88) are high enough to allow good estimates of their contents. Values for the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 4.046 and 3.641 for the sugars and proteins models also allow good quantitative predictions to be made. Amylose, cellulose and minerals could not be predicted precisely. A second calibration conducted by adding the calibration and validation sets (260 accessions) revealed an improvement of the RPD values for starch, sugars and proteins, indicating that the models can be improved. Discriminant analysis conducted using 2151 wavelengths (in nanometres) as variables was applied to a set of 214 accessions of D. alata and the results were compared to the principal component analysis of chemical data. Accessions can be classified according to the amylaceous fraction of the chemotype.CONCLUSIONNIRS could be used in yam breeding programmes to characterise rapidly and at low cost the numerous accessions and breeding lines. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Modeling and Simulation of the Crystallization Behavior of Polymer Melts in the Hollow‐Profile Extrusion Process Using the Coexistence Model of Spherulite and Shish‐Kebab
Authors: Mu Yue , Zhao Guoqun , Chen Anbiao , Wu Xianghong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe thermally and flow induced crystallization behavior of polymer melts has been investigated by using penalty finite element‐finite difference simulation with a decoupled solving algorithm. The coexistence model of spherulite and shish‐kebab is proposed to describe the evolution of crystallization kinetics process. The Schneider equation and Eder equation are adopted to discriminate the relative roles of the thermal and the flow effect on the crystallization behavior. The proposed mathematical model and numerical method have been successfully applied to the investigation of crystallization behavior in the hollow‐profile extrusion process. Both the evolution of crystalline size within the extrusion die and the effects of processing conditions on the crystallization kinetics process are discussed. magnified image
Analysis of 1D periodic slotted ground structure on microstrip
Authors: Jung Dongjin , Chang Kai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of 1D periodic slotted ground structure on the microstrip ground plane. A dumbbell‐shaped ground slot (DSGS) has been utilized as a unit cell of the periodic ground structure. The number of the slots is set to N = 7. The expressions for propagation and attenuation constants are derived from the unit cell of the DSGS. These expressions allow determining the passband and stopband of the proposed DSGS periodic structure. The calculated results are compared to simulated and measured results for the analysis validity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:59–62, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27225
Compact slot antenna with band‐notch characterization for multifunctional communication systems
Authors: Shagar A. C. , Wahidabanu R. S. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, a compact design and construction of a wide slot antenna with band‐notch characteristics of size 28 × 32 × 1.6 mm is proposed and developed for multifunctional communication systems. Detailed simulations and experimental investigations are performed to understand its behavior and to optimize for 2.4 GHz WLAN and ultrawideband operations. An FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm and relative permittivity of 4.4 is used to design the antenna. The antenna has a modified rectangular stub with coplanar waveguide feed technique. The modified rectangular shaped stub excites similar shaped slot in the ground plane, which improves the impedance matching from 2.1 to 30 GHz for VSWR less than 2. In addition, notch band characteristics in the 5.1–5.9 GHz band are achieved by making a slot on the tuning stub. Numerical and experimental results are reported to access the performance of the antenna in terms of impedance matching and radiation characteristics. A good agreement is found between the simulation and experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:218–223, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27231
Effects of narrow slits on frequency response of a microstrip square loop resonator and dual‐mode filter applications
Authors: Karpuz Ceyhun , Gorur Ali Kursad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this letter, the effect of narrow slits on resonance characteristics for a microstrip square loop resonator (SLR) with mitered bends is investigated and a new formula to calculate the resonance frequency of SLRs loaded inductively by means of slits is derived as a function of the number of slits.A novel dual‐mode SLR configuration performing a slow‐wave characteristic obtained by using narrow slits is proposed to use in design of microstrip dual‐mode bandpass filters. Also, a new perturbation technique based on the change of electrical lengths is presented for the excitation of two degenerated modes of these type resonators. Additional, two dual‐mode bandpass filters having linear phase and elliptical frequency characteristics have been designed, fabricated and tested to verify the proposed filter topology. Experimental results agree with simulated results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:143–146, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27237
A K‐band current‐reuse differential armstrong voltage‐controlled oscillator in 90 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Nguyen Tai Nghia , Chang Ik‐Joon , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe present a K‐band Armstrong voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) using the current‐reuse configuration.Although the current‐reuse configuration is suitable for low‐power VCO, its output power level and its phase at two differential outputs are not symmetric. This drawback in current‐reuse VCO is caused by its asymmetric structure, where the transconductance of the PMOS and NMOS transistors does not match. To achieve output waveform symmetry without consuming additional headroom, we embed a custom designed transformer between the input and output, realizing a new current‐reuse Armstrong VCO. The oscillator implemented in 90 nm CMOS process occupies a chip area of 0.75 × 0.5 mm2. And, it oscillates over the frequency range of 22.47–22.79 GHz with a good phase noise of −104 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset. The VCO operates at a supply voltage of 1 V, and the power consumption of the VCO core is 4.5 mW. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:112–115, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27238
A novel sensor based on a dual‐wavelength multilongitudinal modes fiber ring laser
Authors: Xie Zhenhai , Xia Li , Li Lecheng , Liu Deming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA ring laser based on a transmission‐type fiber bragg grating (FBG)‐Fabry–Perot filter sensor probe is proposed, and ignoring the effect of multilongitudinal modes using a special demodulation method, the new scheme is suitable for long distance sensing. Such a sensing system has been demonstrated in the experiment, and the experimental result shows the minimal temperature sensitivity is about 1°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:15–16, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27254
A novel approach to suppress the DC modes in eigenvalue problems using the finite element method
Authors: Gonçalves Marcos S. , Arnold Francisco J. , Bravo‐Roger Leonardo L. , Santos Talia S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel method to solve eigenvalue problems using the finite elements method without DC modes is presented.The constraint condition is imposed only on the regions of the matrices that are ill‐conditioned improving the system conditioning and shifting the spectrum of the DC modes out of the region of interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:210–212, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27256
60‐GHz amplitude shift‐keying transceiver LTCC system‐on‐package module
Authors: Lee Young Chul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA highly integrated amplitude shift‐keying (ASK) transceiver (TRx) system‐on‐package (SoP) module is presented for 60‐GHz wireless communications applications.The ASK TRx SoP module has been implemented with a six‐layer low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate embedding eight GaAs RF integrated circuit chips, one low‐pass filter, a high‐isolation via fence, and DC bias components. The fabricated ASK TRx SoP is as small as 17.8 × 17.9 × 0.6 mm3. In the transmitter (Tx) part, an output power of 12.8 dBm is obtained at 62.24 GHz. The receiver (Rx) part reveals a conversion gain of 38 dB, intermediate frequency flatness of below −2 dBm, and good eye pattern of the 1.25 Gb/s data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:48–51, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27264
A near interaction preconditioner for MLFMA using overlapped localizing modes
Authors: Adams R. J. , Xu Xin , Luo Chong , Davis B. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe overlapped localizing local global solution matrix factorization algorithm has been shown to provide a fast solution method for low frequency electromagnetic problems. This article shows that the method can be used to rapidly invert the near interaction matrix to produce effective preconditioners for high frequency computational electromagnetic simulations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:156–160, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27267
All planar compact size microstrip CRLH arbitrary coupling directional coupler
Authors: Ibrahim Amr A. , Safwat Amr M. E. , El‐Hennawy Hadia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new compact size microstrip arbitrary coupling directional coupler (DC) based on the coupled line composite right/left handed (CL‐CRLH) unit cell is proposed. The coupler is patterned on a single metal layer, does not use vias, and occupies 45 × 11 mm2 area. Its bandwidth is 400 MHz centered around 2.4 GHz and it provides −3 dB coupling coefficient. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:115–119, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27270
Erratum: Compact wideband bandstop filter using embedded capacitor
Authors: Qian Kewei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOriginally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1511‐1514, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55: 230, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27277 (Original article DOI 10.1002/mop.26848)
Spontaneous hemopneumothorax simulating acute abdominal affections
Authors: Chen Tai‐Heng , Tseng Yung‐Hao , Tseng Chien‐Ming , Chiang Hung‐Hsing , Lin Tzeng‐Jih 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSpontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) is a rare potentially life‐threatening condition that occurs in predominantly young adolescents. The resultant massive hemorrhage leading to hypovolemic shock can be a surgical emergency. It constitutes 1–12% of all spontaneous pneumothoraces and presents with two cardinal features, chest pain and dyspnea. However, the pain of SHP may be confined to the abdomen secondary to the irritation of diaphragmatic pleura, which produces signs simulating an acute abdomen. SHP masquerading as an abdominal affection is apparently regarded as extremely rare. We present a case of a 16‐year‐old male with SHP presenting features simulating acute gallbladder disease. After prompt diagnosis with appropriate surgical intervention, he had an uneventful recovery. Our experience emphasizes the importance of careful and thorough chest examination for each child with atypical pictures for abdominal pain to exclude possible extra‐abdominal lesions, even rare as SHP. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E1–E4. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resolving cyclic dependencies between packages with enriched dependency structural matrix
Authors: Laval Jannik , Ducasse Stéphane 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYDependency structural matrix (DSM) is an approach originally developed for process optimization. It has been successfully applied to identify software dependencies among packages and subsystems. A number of algorithms have been proposed to compute the matrix so that it highlights patterns and problematic dependencies between subsystems. However, existing DSM implementations often miss important information to fully support reengineering effort. For example, they do not clearly qualify and quantify problematic relationships, information that is crucial to support remediation tasks. We propose enriched DSM (eDSM), which provides small‐multiple views and micro–macro‐readings by adding fine‐grained information in each cell of the matrix. Each cell is enriched with contextual information about (i) the type of dependencies (inheritance, class reference, etc.), (ii) the proportion of referencing entities, and (iii) the proportion of referenced entities. We distinguish independent cycles and stress potentially simple fixes for cycles by using coloring information. This work is language independent and has been implemented on top of the Moose software analysis platform. In this paper, we expand our previous work. We improved the cell content information view on the basis of user feedback and performed multiple validations: two different case studies on Moose and Seaside software; one user study for validating eDSM as a usable approach for developers. Solutions to problems identified with eDSM have been performed and retrofitted in analyzed software. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.