bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise derivation and verification of a universal elevator round trip time formula for general traffic conditions
Authors: Al-Sharif Lutfi , Abu Alqumsan Ahmad M 
Published: July 2014

The evaluation of the round trip time ( τ) still forms the basis for the design of elevator traffic systems. The elevator round trip time is the time taken for the elevator to complete a full cycle of the building, picking up passengers from their origin floors and dropping them off at their destination floors. It is assumed that the elevator car transports P passengers from their origins to their destinations during one round trip. By dividing the value of the round trip time by the target interval, the required number of elevators in the group can be found and fed into the overall traffic design. Traditionally, simplified formulae have been used to evaluate the value of the round trip time under a number of simplifying assumptions. This paper develops the formulae for the most general case of mixed traffic conditions, whereby every floor can be an occupant floor and an exit/entrance floor (i.e. every floor can have a percentage population, U( i), and a percentage arrival rate, Parr( i)). However, the formulae developed make a simplification by assuming a constant passenger arrival model, rather than the widely accepted Poisson passenger arrival model. The new developed set of formulae comprises three parts: the kinematic part ( τK), the door part ( τS) and the passenger transfer part ( τP). The kinematic part in turn comprises six components: the up journey ( UJ) time; the down journey ( DJ) time; the upper connecting journey ( UCJ) time; the lower connecting journey ( LCJ) time; the down return journey ( DRJ) time; and the up return journey ( URJ) time. The derivation process is accompanied by stepwise verification of all the different components of the round trip time using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The results of the formulae match those from the MCS to less than 0.0025%. Practical application: Engineers usually design elevator traffic systems under up-peak traffic conditions, where only incoming traffic is assumed. It is sometimes useful to assess the design under a mixture of traffic conditions (e.g. lunchtime conditions). The formulae developed in this paper can thus be used to allow the designer to evaluate the round trip time under a mixture of traffic conditions. In practice, the formulae would not be evaluated by hand, but implemented as a software programme. Once the designer has evaluated the round trip time under the specified mix of traffic conditions (e.g. 40% incoming traffic; 40% outgoing traffic; 20% inter-floor traffic), then he/she can divide that number by the target interval to find the required number of elevators. This result can then be compared to the required number of elevators under up-peak conditions to assess the adequacy of the design for these mixed traffic conditions.
Assessing the safety of del Nido cardioplegia solution in adult congenital cases
Authors: Smigla G , Jaquiss R , Walczak R , Bonadonna D , Kaemmer D , Schwimer C , Lodge A 
Published: July 2014

Purpose: del Nido cardioplegia solution (CPS) has been successfully used for myocardial protection in the pediatric population. We propose this solution can be used safely in adult congenital patients. The proposed benefit of this solution is the avoidance of the need for repetitive interruption of the operation to administer multiple doses of standard cardioplegia. Methods: As part of a quality improvement initiative, 47 consecutive adult patients (mean age 40.9 years, range 18–71) undergoing congenital heart surgery were given del Nido CPS. Cardiac function was assessed pre- and post-operatively by echocardiography (ECHO). Inotrope use, troponin levels and restoration of cardiac rhythm were also evaluated. Results: The average duration of the longest ischemic time was 52.5 minutes ± 15.57 minutes. In patients receiving a single dose (40%, n=19) of CPS, the average ischemic time was 49.8 minutes ± 18.8 minutes. No patients demonstrated any ventricular electrical activity while the aorta was cross-clamped. Post-operative ECHO showed that 94% (n=44) had no change in ejection fraction from the pre-operative ECHO. Patients requiring inotropic support at the time of leaving the operating room (OR) was 43% (n=20). The percentage of patients requiring inotropic support twenty-four hours post-operatively was 17% (n=8). Spontaneous restoration of cardiac rhythm (without the need for defibrillation) after cross-clamp removal occurred in 91% (n=43) of patients. The average troponin T level post-op was 1.86 ± 2.9 µg/L. Conclusions: del Nido CPS can be used for myocardial protection during adult congenital cardiac surgery without any apparent adverse effects. In addition, we were able to change our re-dosing protocol to 45 minutes with del Nido CPS compared to 20 minutes with our adult 4:1 blood CPS.
On-Field Performance of National Football League Players After Return From Concussion
Authors: Kumar Neil S. , Chin Matthew , O’Neill Craig , Jakoi Andre M. , Tabb Loni , Wolf Michael 
Published: July 2014

Background: There are few data examining the short-term effects of concussions on player performance upon return to play. This study examined changes in on-field performance and the influence of epidemiologic factors on performance and return to play. Hypothesis: On-field performance is different in players who return within 7 days after concussion compared with players who miss at least 1 game. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Players in the National Football League who were active during the 2008 to 2012 seasons were considered for inclusion. Weekly injury reports identified concussed players. All players played in at least 4 games before and after the game of injury (sentinel game) within the year of injury (sentinel year). Players who had missed games secondary to another injury or had sustained a second concussion within the sentinel year were excluded. The players’ league profiles were used to determine age, position, body mass index, career experience, and games missed. ProFootballFocus performance scores determined player ratings. Statistical analysis used 2-sided t tests and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: There were a total of 131 concussions in the 124 players who qualified for this study; 55% of these players missed no games. Defensive secondary, wide receiver, and offensive line were the most commonly affected positions. Players who missed at least 1 game were younger and less experienced. Preinjury ProFootballFocus performance scores were similar to postinjury performance in players without games missed (0.16 vs 0.33; P = .129) and players who missed at least 1 game (−0.06 vs 0.10; P = .219). Age, body mass index, experience, and previous concussion did not correlate with changes in postinjury scores ( P > .05). Older, more experienced players and players with late-season concussions were more likely to return to play without missing games ( P < .05). The odds of returning within 7 days increased by 18% for each career year and by 40% for each game before the sentinel game within the sentinel year; these same odds decreased by 85% after introduction of newer treatment guidelines in 2009. Conclusion: No difference in player performance after concussion was found whether the player did or did not miss games before return. Return without missing games may be associated with experience and timing of injury within a season and less likely after newer guidelines.
Correlation Between Impulsivity and Executive Function in Patients With Parkinson Disease Experiencing Depression and Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Fonoff Fernanda Colucci , Fonoff Erich Talamoni , Barbosa Egberto Reis , Quaranta Thais , Machado Rachael Brant , de Andrade Daniel Ciampi , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Fuentes Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Background: Depression and anxiety are comorbidities often associated with Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies debate on how affective disorders can influence the cognition of patients with PD. This study sought to investigate how depression and anxiety affect specific executive functions and impulsivity traits in these patients. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with advanced PD and 28 closely matched healthy volunteers (HV) were assessed for depressive and anxiety symptoms, impulsivity, executive function and control attention and behavioral response. Results: Compared to the HV group, the PD group showed significantly higher perseverative responses and slowness to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli and longer reaction time for inter-stimulus interval change. Depression symptoms were significantly correlated to motor impulsivity score and total Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS -11) score. Moreover, there was also significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and attentional impulsivity score and total BIS-11 score. Correlation analysis between impulsivity and control attention indicated a positive correlation in commission and a negative correlation in reaction time and detectability in the PD group. Conclusions: The present results suggest that depression and anxiety were highly correlated to impulsivity but not to executive functions changes in these PD patients.
Home-based screening for biliary atresia using infant stool colour cards: A large-scale prospective cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Schreiber Richard A. , Masucci Lisa , Kaczorowski Janusz , Collet JP , Lutley Pamela , Espinosa Victor , Bryan Stirling 
Published: July 2014

Objective Biliary atresia (BA), a leading cause of paediatric liver failure and liver transplantation, manifests by three weeks of life as jaundice with acholic stools. Poor outcomes due to delayed diagnosis remain a problem worldwide. We evaluated and assessed the cost-effectiveness of methods of introducing a BA Infant Stool Colour Card (ISCC) screening programme in Canada. Setting and Methods A prospective study at BC Women’s Hospital recruited consecutive healthy newborns through six incrementally more intensive screening approaches. Under the baseline “passive” strategy, families received ISCCs at maternity, with instructions to monitor infant stool colour daily and return the ISCC by mail at age 30 days. Additional strategies were: ISCC mailed to family physician; reminder letters or telephone calls to families or physicians. Random telephone surveys of ISCC non-returners assessed total card utilization. Primary outcome was ISCC utilization rate expressed as a composite outcome of the ISCC return rate and non-returned ISCC use. Markov modelling was used to predict incremental costs and life years gained from screening (passive and reminder), compared with no screening, over a 10-year time horizon. Results 6,187 families were enrolled. Card utilization rates in the passive screening strategy were estimated at 60–94%. For a Canadian population, the increase in cost for passive screening, compared with no screening, is $213,584 and the gain in life years is 9.7 ($22,000 per life-year gained). Conclusions A BA ISCC screening programme targeting families of newborns is feasible in Canada. Passive distribution of ISCC at maternity is potentially effective and highly cost-effective.
Personality disorders in geriatric inpatients in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Jeyasingam Neil , Jacob Kuruthukulangara S , Brodaty Henry 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To assess the prevalence of personality disorders in general medical geriatric admissions. Methods: Forty of 508 general medical geriatric admissions screened at a large tertiary hospital, who were eligible as defined by a Mini-Mental State Examination score of over 23 and capable of informed consent, were assessed by direct interview and discussion with the patient’s family or close contact to determine personality traits. Results: Eight (20%) of these patients were found to satisfy DSM-IV criteria for a personality disorder. They were found to have significantly lower global assessments of functioning, impaired overall functioning and lower quality of life compared with non-personality disordered patients. None of their personality disorders had been recognised by their treating teams. Conclusions: This study supports the need for systematic research into the area and the need for increased clinical awareness of the issues.
Establishing the characteristics for patients with chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: the value of the CRPS-UK Registry
Authors: Shenker Nicholas , Goebel Andreas , Rockett Mark , Batchelor James , Jones Gareth T , Parker Richard , de C Williams Amanda C , McCabe Candida 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The long-term prognosis of patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is unknown with no reported prospective studies from the United Kingdom longer than 18 months. The CRPS-UK Network aims to study this by use of a Registry. The aims of this article are, to outline the CRPS-UK Registry, assess the validity of the data and to describe the characteristics of a sample of the UK CRPS population. Methods: A web-based CRPS-UK Registry was developed and made accessible to centres experienced in diagnosing and managing patients with CRPS. Pragmatic annual follow-up questions were agreed. Results: Up until July 2013, the Registry has recruited 240 patients. A blinded, validation study of 20 consecutive patients from two centres (10 each) demonstrated 95.6% completion and 99.4% accuracy of a random sample of the recorded data. These patients had chronic disease (median duration: 29 months); 72.5% were female (2.6:1), with a mean age at symptoms onset of 43 years, and were left-handed more than expected (21.8% versus 10% in the general population). Patients reported a delayed diagnosis, with the median time between symptom onset and diagnosis of 6 months. In all, 30 patients (12.5%) had multiple limb involvement and (83.3%) had a contiguous spread of CRPS. Conclusion: CRPS-UK Registry is a validated method for actively recruiting well-characterised patients with CRPS to provide further information on the long-term outcome.
Female residents experiencing medical errors in general internal medicine: a qualitative study
Authors: Mankaka Cindy Ottiger , Waeber Gérard , Gachoud David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Doctors, especially doctors-in-training such as residents, make errors. They have to face the consequences even though today’s approach to errors emphasizes systemic factors. Doctors’ individual characteristics play a role in how medical errors are experienced and dealt with. The role of gender has previously been examined in a few quantitative studies that have yielded conflicting results. In the present study, we sought to qualitatively explore the experience of female residents with respect to medical errors. In particular, we explored the coping mechanisms displayed after an error. This study took place in the internal medicine department of a Swiss university hospital.

Methods
Within a phenomenological framework, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight female residents in general internal medicine. All interviews were audiotaped, fully transcribed, and thereafter analyzed.

Results
Seven main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) A perception that there is an insufficient culture of safety and error; (2) The perceived main causes of errors, which included fatigue, work overload, inadequate level of competences in relation to assigned tasks, and dysfunctional communication; (3) Negative feelings in response to errors, which included different forms of psychological distress; (4) Variable attitudes of the hierarchy toward residents involved in an error; (5) Talking about the error, as the core coping mechanism; (6) Defensive and constructive attitudes toward one’s own errors; and (7) Gender-specific experiences in relation to errors. Such experiences consisted in (a) perceptions that male residents were more confident and therefore less affected by errors than their female counterparts and (b) perceptions that sexist attitudes among male supervisors can occur and worsen an already painful experience.

Conclusions
This study offers an in-depth account of how female residents specifically experience and cope with medical errors. Our interviews with female residents convey the sense that gender possibly influences the experience with errors, including the kind of coping mechanisms displayed. However, we acknowledge that the lack of a direct comparison between female and male participants represents a limitation while aiming to explore the role of gender.
Polyphenols profile and antioxidant activity of skin and pulp of a rare apple from Marche region (Italy)
Authors: Giomaro Giovanna , Karioti Anastasia , Bilia Anna Rita , Bucchini Anahi , Giamperi Laura , Ricci Donata , Fraternale Daniele 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Apples are an important source of polyphenols in the human diet and the consumption of this fruit has been linked to the prevention of degenerative diseases.

Results
Catechins, procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonol glycosides, dihydrochalcone glycosides and one anthocyanin: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, were identified both in the peel and pulp. Procyanidins, catechins and flavonols represent the main constituents of peel. Concerning the antioxidant activity, in the reduction of the stable DPPH radical and in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the ethanolic extracts of red peel and red pulp showed a good similar activity comparable to ascorbic acid in the DPPH test and about ten times more active than BHT in the lipoxygenase test, and were much more active than aqueous extracts. The ORAC value of red pulp aqueous extract resulted comparable to that of red berries: vaccinium, rubus and ribes, foods appreciated for their health value.

Conclusion
This apple contains an appreciable amount of polyphenols also in the flesh; this variety with red flesh can also be useful for researchers engaged in apples varietal innovation in addition to being used as food apple.
CSEO – the Cigarette Smoke Exposure Ontology
Authors: Younesi Erfan , Ansari Sam , Guendel Michaela , Ahmadi Shiva , Coggins Chris , Hoeng Julia , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Peitsch Manuel C 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
In the past years, significant progress has been made to develop and use experimental settings for extensive data collection on tobacco smoke exposure and tobacco smoke exposure-associated diseases. Due to the growing number of such data, there is a need for domain-specific standard ontologies to facilitate the integration of tobacco exposure data.

Results
The CSEO (version 1.0) is composed of 20091 concepts. The ontology in its current form is able to capture a wide range of cigarette smoke exposure concepts within the knowledge domain of exposure science with a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, it showed a promising performance when used to answer domain expert questions. The CSEO complies with standard upper-level ontologies and is freely accessible to the scientific community through a dedicated wiki at https://publicwiki-01.fraunhofer.de/CSEO-Wiki/index.php/Main_Page.

Conclusions
The CSEO has potential to become a widely used standard within the academic and industrial community. Mainly because of the emerging need of systems toxicology to controlled vocabularies and also the lack of suitable ontologies for this domain, the CSEO prepares the ground for integrative systems-based research in the exposure science.
Willingness to pay to avoid metastatic breast cancer treatment side effects: results from a conjoint analysis
Authors: Lalla Deepa , Carlton Rashad , Santos Eduardo , Bramley Thomas , D’Souza Anna 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Purpose
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients are treated with a variety of regimens with differing side effects that can reduce the patients’ quality of life. This study assessed the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid side effects related to MBC treatment using conjoint analysis.

Methods
An online, self-administered conjoint analysis survey of US adult female MBC patients was conducted to elicit preferences for MBC treatment side effects. Attributes included in the analysis were hair loss, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, tingling in hands and feet, pain, risk of infection, and out-of-pocket costs. Fifteen choice-based conjoint questions were presented where patients selected the most preferred therapy. A partial profile design was used to allow for each treatment description to be made with 3 instead of all 8 attributes. The attribute choices for each question included 2 side effects and a yearly out-of-pocket price.

Results
There were 298 respondents. MBC patients were willing to pay (US$) $3,894 to avoid severe diarrhea, $3,479 to avoid being hospitalized due to infection, $3,211 to avoid severe nausea, $2,764 to avoid severe tingling in hands and feet, $2,652 to avoid severe fatigue, $1,853 to avoid obvious hair loss, and $1,458 to avoid severe pain. The most important attributes when selecting a therapy for MBC in terms of average utility were risk of infection, diarrhea, and nausea.

Conclusions
MBC patients were willing to pay significant amounts to avoid side effects associated with MBC treatment, with patients willing to pay the most to avoid diarrhea, risk of infection, and nausea.
New challenges in dietary pattern analysis: combined dietary patterns and calorie adjusted factor analysis in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Shadman Zhaleh , Akhoundan Mahdieh , Poorsoltan Nooshin , Larijani Bagher , Qorbani Mostafa , Nikoo Mohsen Khoshniat 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background
Some variability for dietary pattern analysis due to subjective procedures (e.g. arbitrary food categorization and number of factors extraction) was reported. The aim of this study was to present or design a new approach to challenge the conventional dietary pattern analysis through new classification of dietary patterns according to the possibility of the high adherence to more than one dietary pattern and calorie adjusted factor extracting.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted on 734 type2 diabetic patients. Factor analysis defined three major dietary patterns (Western like, Asian like and Traditional like) and the associations of each pattern were assessed with glycemic control and lipid profiles among tertiles of each pattern. In order to compare variables in highest tertile of three defined dietary patterns, eight new different groups were classified according to the high adherence to one or more patterns and ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to compare them. Also, calorie adjusted factor extracting were done to find out if the same factor loadings would be extract.

Results
Among three major dietary patterns, only Western like showed a significant association with fasting blood sugar (p = 0.03, 12.49 ± 5.99), serum total cholesterol (p = 0.02, 8.71 ± 3.81) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.04, 5.04 ± 2.40). While comparison of new classified patterns, showed no significant differences, except a high blood glucose in Western like- Asian like versus traditional like dietary pattern (p = 0.04). Also, calorie adjusted factor extracting showed different factor loadings.

Conclusions
Results showed that the conventional dietary pattern analysis method may have substantial limitations in interpreting the results and may lead to inappropriate conclusions.