bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood risk management in the coastal city of Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adelekan Ibidun O. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn increasingly important threat to the high population and large concentration of residential, industrial, commercial and urban infrastructure systems in Africa's coastal megacity of Lagos is flooding. Over the past decade, flooding in Lagos has increased significantly, drawing increasing attention to the need for flood risk management. The paper examines the current approach to flood risk management by public and private agents in the city in the context of international flood risk management practices. The implications of existing flood management for future flood risks are also discussed.
Application of the design variable method to estimate coastal flood risk
Authors: Zheng F. , Leonard M. , Westra S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCoastal floods can result from multiple forcing variables, such as rainfall and storm tides, that are simultaneously extreme. In these situations, flood risk estimation methods must account for the joint dependence between the forcing variables. The design variable method is a statistically rigorous, flexible and efficient approach for evaluating the joint probability distribution. However, in practice, a number of factors need to be considered in order to produce accurate estimates of flood risk; these include data selection and pairing, temporal variability of dependence, dependence parameter inference and bias, the estimation of confidence intervals, and the incorporation of possible time‐varying changes to each of the forcing variables due to climate change. This paper addresses these factors using a case study from Perth, Western Australia, to show how the design variable method can be applied to coastal flood risk under historical and future climates.
Microbiological Investigation of O‐Serogroups, Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance Properties of Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Ostrich, Turkey and Quail Meats
Authors: Hemmatinezhad Behsan , Khamesipour Faham , Mohammadi Milad , Safarpoor Dehkordi Farhad , Mashak Zohreh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFrom clinical and microbiological perspectives, it is important to know which serogroups, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains in poultry meats from turkey, quail and ostrich that have recently been added to the cart households. These were investigated in the present study. Five‐hundred poultry meat samples were collected from the supermarkets of Isfahan province, Iran. Samples were cultured immediately and those that were E. coli‐positive were analyzed for the presence of serogroups, antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial virulence factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using disk diffusion method. The prevalence rates of E. coli in ostrich, turkey and quail meat samples were 9.33, 23.52 and 27.77%, respectively. All of the enterohemorrhagic E. coli subtypes were positive for stx1, eae and ehly genes. The prevalence rate of stx1 gene in all attaching and effacing E. coli isolates was 100%. A significant difference was found between the frequency of AEEC (enteroadherent E. coli) and EHEC (enterohemorrhagic E. coli) subtypes (P < 0.05). Among all serogroups studied, O26 and O157 had the highest prevalence. The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes in various poultry meat samples were tetA, CITM and aac(3)‐IV. The highest level of antibiotic resistance was observed against tetracycline, ampicillin and gentamicin. Resistance against sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin was intermediate. Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in poultry meats in Iran. It seems that sanitary conditions were not observed in Iranian poultry farms, slaughterhouses and supermarkets.Practical ApplicationsRecognition of the new epidemiological aspects of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli helps us to know the exact routes of transmission and decisive origin of this bacterium. Consumption of ostrich, quail and turkey meats is popular among Iranian people, but there is no accurate inspection on their meats and carcasses. Quail and turkey meat samples were the most commonly contaminated, suggesting that they may be the reservoir of E. coli. High prevalence of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic resistance has also been reported. Due to the lower levels of antibiotic resistance, prescription of streptomycin, cephalothin and trimethoprim has been suggested for the treatment of food poisoning due to the Shiga toxigenic E. coli strains of bird meat.
Heterospecific SNP diversity in humans and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Ng Jillian , Trask Jessica Satkoski , Smith David Glenn , Kanthaswamy Sree 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundConservation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between human and other primates (i.e., heterospecific SNPs) in candidate genes can be used to assess the utility of those organisms as models for human biomedical research.MethodsA total of 59,691 heterospecific SNPs in 22 rhesus macaques and 20 humans were analyzed for human trait associations and 4207 heterospecific SNPs biallelic in both taxa were compared for genetic variation.ResultsVariation comparisons at the 4207 SNPs showed that humans were more genetically diverse than rhesus macaques with observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.337 and 0.323 vs. 0.119 and 0.102, and minor allele frequencies of 0.239 and 0.063, respectively. In total, 431 of the 59,691 heterospecific SNPs are reportedly associated with human‐specific traits.ConclusionWhile comparisons between human and rhesus macaque genomes are plausible, functional studies of heterospecific SNPs are necessary to determine whether rhesus macaque alleles are associated with the same phenotypes as their corresponding human alleles.
Ca2+ handling in isolated brain mitochondria and cultured neurons derived from the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease
Authors: Pellman Jessica J. , Hamilton James , Brustovetsky Tatiana , Brustovetsky Nickolay 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigated Ca2+ handling in isolated brain synaptic and non‐synaptic mitochondria and in cultured striatal neurons from the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Both synaptic and non‐synaptic mitochondria from 2‐ and 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice had larger Ca2+ uptake capacity than mitochondria from YAC18 and wild‐type FVB/NJ mice. Synaptic mitochondria from 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice had further augmented Ca2+ capacity compared with mitochondria from 2‐month‐old YAC128 mice and age‐matched YAC18 and FVB/NJ mice. This increase in Ca2+ uptake capacity correlated with an increase in the amount of mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) associated with mitochondria from 12‐month‐old YAC128 mice. We speculate that this may happen because of mHtt‐mediated sequestration of free fatty acids thereby increasing resistance of mitochondria to Ca2+‐induced damage. In experiments with striatal neurons from YAC128 and FVB/NJ mice, brief exposure to 25 or 100 μM glutamate produced transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ followed by recovery to near resting levels. Following recovery of cytosolic Ca2+, mitochondrial depolarization with FCCP produced comparable elevations in cytosolic Ca2+, suggesting similar Ca2+ release and, consequently, Ca2+ loads in neuronal mitochondria from YAC128 and FVB/NJ mice. Together, our data argue against a detrimental effect of mHtt on Ca2+ handling in brain mitochondria of YAC128 mice.
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We demonstrate that mutant huntingtin (mHtt) binds to brain synaptic and nonsynaptic mitochondria and the amount of mitochondria‐bound mHtt correlates with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity. We propose that this may happen due to mHtt‐mediated sequestration of free fatty acids thereby increasing resistance of mitochondria to Ca2+‐induced damage.
The Socioeconomic Pathways Leading to Romantic Relationship Outcomes: A Genetically Informed Early Life Course Investigation
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda (K.A.S.) , O'Neal Catherine W. 
Published: May 2015

The present study tests a multilevel comprehensive model incorporating both life course processes and genetic influences leading to young adults' romantic relationship quality using data from 1,560 adolescents over 13 years in the nationally representative Add Health sample. Results provided evidence of a socioeconomic mediating pathway linking early family and community contexts to young adults' romantic relationship quality, and novel evidence for both direct and interactive genetic associations that relate to these mediating pathways. A cumulative genetic index showed (a) direct associations with young adults' socioeconomic attainment and (b) interactions with community adversity and mothers' marital stability on young adults' achieved socioeconomic context and relationship quality.
Accuracy of Testosterone Concentrations in Compounded Testosterone Products
Authors: Grober Ethan D. , Garbens Alaina , Božović Andrea , Kulasingam Vathany , Fanipour Majid , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the testosterone concentrations within testosterone gels and creams manufactured by compounding pharmacies.

Methods
Ten compounding pharmacies within Toronto area were included. Pharmacies were blinded as to the nature of the study. A standardized prescription for 50 mg of compounded testosterone gel/cream applied once daily was presented to each pharmacy. Two independently compounded batches were analyzed from each pharmacy 1 month apart. Testosterone concentrations in a 5-g sachet of Androgel® 1% (Abbott) and 5-g tube of Testim®1% (Auxilium) were evaluated as controls. Samples were analyzed independently and in a blinded fashion by the Laboratory Medicine Program at the University Health Network. Measurement of testosterone concentration was performed using a modified liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry validated for serum testosterone.

Results
Compounded formulations included seven gels and three creams with a volume/daily dose ranging from 0.2 mL to 1.25 mL. Product cost ranged from $57.32 to $160.71 for a 30-day supply. There was significant variability both within and between pharmacies with respect to the measured concentration of testosterone in the compounded products. In contrast, the concentration of testosterone within Androgel and Testim was consistent and accurate. Collectively, only 50% (batch 1) and 30% (batch 2) of the compounding pharmacies provided a product with a testosterone concentration within ±20% of the prescribed dose. Two pharmacies compounded products with &gt;20% of the prescribed dose. One pharmacy compounded a product with essentially no testosterone.

Conclusions
Testosterone concentrations in compounded testosterone products can be variable and potentially compromise the efficacy and safety of treatment.
Unmyelinated Tactile Cutaneous Nerves Signal Erotic Sensations
Authors: Jönsson Emma H. , Backlund Wasling Helena , Wagnbeck Vicktoria , Dimitriadis Menelaos , Georgiadis Janniko R. , Olausson Håkan , Croy Ilona 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Intrapersonal touch is a powerful tool for communicating emotions and can among many things evoke feelings of eroticism and sexual arousal. The peripheral neural mechanisms of erotic touch signaling have been less studied. C tactile afferents (unmyelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors), known to underpin pleasant aspects of touch processing, have been posited to play an important role.

Method
In two studies, we investigated the relationship between C tactile activation and the perception of erotic and pleasant touch, using tactile brushing stimulation. In total, 66 healthy subjects (37 women, age range 19–51 years) were examined. In study 1 (n = 20), five different stroking velocities were applied to the forearm and the inner thigh. The participants answered questions about partnership, mood, and touch. In study 2 (n = 46), the same five stroking velocities were applied to the forearm. The participants answered questions about partnership, touch, and sexuality.

Results
Both touch eroticism and pleasantness were rated significantly higher for C tactile optimal velocities compared with suboptimal velocities. No difference was found between the ratings of the thigh and the forearm. The velocity-dependent rating curves of pleasantness, intensity, and eroticism differed from each other. Pleasantness was best explained by a quadratic fit, intensity by a linear fit, and eroticism by both. A linear transformation of pleasantness and intensity predicted the observed eroticism ratings reliably. Eroticism ratings were negatively correlated with length of relationship.

Conclusion
Touch was rated most erotic when perceived as pleasant and weak. In human hairy skin, perception of pleasantness is correlated with the firing rate of C tactile afferents, and perception of intensity is correlated with the firing rate of Aβ afferents. Accordingly, eroticism may be perceived most readily for touch stimuli that induce high activity in C tactile fibers and low activity in Aβ fibers.
Changes in Autonomic Nervous System Activity are Associated with Changes in Sexual Function in Women with a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Lorenz Tierney K. , Harte Christopher B. , Meston Cindy M. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women with histories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have higher rates of sexual difficulties, as well as high sympathetic nervous system response to sexual stimuli.

Aim
The study aims to examine whether treatment-related changes in autonomic balance, as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), were associated with changes in sexual arousal and orgasm function.

Methods
In study 1, we measured HRV while writing a sexual essay in 42 healthy, sexually functional women without any history of sexual trauma. These data, along with demographics, were used to develop HRV norms equations. In study 2, 136 women with a history of CSA were randomized to one of three active expressive writing treatments that focused on their trauma, sexuality, or daily life (control condition). We recorded HRV while writing a sexual essay at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 2-week, and 1- and 6-month follow-ups; we also calculated the expected HRV for each participant based on the norms equations from study 1.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used were HRV, Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Satisfaction Scale—Women.

Results
The difference between expected and observed HRV decreased over time, indicating that, posttreatment, CSA survivors displayed HRV closer to the expected HRV of a demographics-matched woman with no history of sexual trauma. Also, over time, participants whose HRV became less dysregulated showed the biggest gains in sexual arousal and orgasm function. These effects were consistent across condition.

Conclusions
Treatments that reduce autonomic imbalance may improve sexual well-being among CSA populations.
Sibling perceptions of living with a young person with Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder: An integrated review
Authors: Mandleco Barbara , Webb Ann Elisabeth Mason 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPurposeThis integrative review synthesized current information from 28 research articles meeting inclusion criteria that examined sibling experiences when living with a young person with Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder.ConclusionsFive themes emerged related to sibling experiences: their knowledge of the condition, relationships with others, perceptions of the condition, emotional reactions to the situation, and behavioral/personality outcomes.Practice ImplicationsNurses caring for families raising youth with Down syndrome or autism spectrum disorder can enhance sibling development by providing individual interventions reflecting siblings' perceptions of the experience.
Influence of Quinoa Flour on Quality Characteristics of Cookie, Bread and Chinese Steamed Bread
Authors: Wang Sunan , Opassathavorn Akarin , Zhu Fan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuinoa has unique physicochemical and nutritional properties among diverse food grains. Quinoa flour (QF) was blended into wheat flour (WF) at weight ratios of 85/15, 70/30, 55/45, 40/60, 25/75 and 10/90 to formulate composite flour for the production of cookie, bread and Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Physicochemical properties of quinoa–wheat composite flour (QWCF) and quality characteristics of the bakery products were characterized. The feasibility of using QF in CSB making was explored for the first time.Compared with products of WF, the resulting products from QWCF had reduced specific volume, and increased density, hardness and chewiness of the texture, darkness, redness, and yellowness of the color. The mold‐free shelf life of bread and CSB increased as a function of QF level. The influence of QF addition on the physicochemical properties of bakery products is product‐type sensitive.Practical ApplicationsAddition of quinoa flour diversifies wheat flour products with certain modification on physicochemical and nutritional qualities, and thus could expand both flours in overall food applications. These findings could provide some insights for industrial research and development using quinoa grain for novel bakery products.
Time to symptom improvement using elimination diets in non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal food allergies
Authors: Lozinsky Adriana Chebar , Meyer Rosan , De Koker Claire , Dziubak Robert , Godwin Heather , Reeve Kate , Dominguez Ortega Gloria , Shah Neil 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of food allergy has increased in recent decades, and there is paucity of data on time to symptom improvement using elimination diets in non‐Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergies. We therefore aimed to assess the time required to improvement of symptoms using a symptom questionnaire for children with non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies on an elimination diet.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed on patients with non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal food allergies on an elimination diet, who completed a questionnaire that includes nine evidence‐based food allergic symptoms before and after the exclusion diet. The questionnaire measured symptoms individually from 0 (no symptom) to 5 (most severe) and collectively from 0 to 45. Children were only enrolled in the study if collectively symptoms improved with the dietary elimination within 4 or 8 weeks.ResultsData from 131 patients were analysed including 90 boys with a median age of 21 months [IQR: 7 to 66]. Based on the symptom questionnaire, 129 patients (98.4%) improved after 4‐week elimination diet and only two patients improved after 8 weeks. A statistically significant difference before and after commencing the elimination diet was seen in all nine recorded symptoms (all p < 0.001), and in the median of overall score (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study attempting to establish time to improve after commencing the diet elimination. Almost all children in this study improved within 4 weeks of following the elimination diet, under dietary supervision.
What Mary Didn't Read: On Literary Narratives and Knowledge
Authors: Kajtár László 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the philosophy of art, one of the most important debates concerns the so‐called ‘cognitive value’ of literature. The main question is phrased in various ways. Can literary narratives provide knowledge? Can readers learn from works of literature? Most of the discussants agree on an affirmative answer, but it is contested what the relevant notions of truth and knowledge are and whether this knowledge and learning influence aesthetic or literary value. The issue takes on a wider, not only philosophical, importance as it is one of the central tenets of humanistic education that art and literature are valuable not only because the pleasure they afford.This paper offers a new line of argument in departing from propositional truth, arguing that literary narratives provide aesthetically significant knowledge, however, this knowledge cannot be captured in propositional form. My position depends crucially on Frank Jackson's influential knowledge argument. The paper describes a modified ‘What Mary Didn't Read’ case. In doing so, it is argued that the knowledge literary works provide should be understood as a type of experiential knowing of ‘what it is like’ analogous to what Mary acquires in the original case of seeing a new colour for the first time.
Impact of leukemia and lymphoma chemotherapy on oral cavity and quality of life
Authors: Grando Liliane Janete , Mello Ana Lucia S. F. , Salvato Luciana , Brancher Anna Paula , Del Moral Joanita A. G. , Steffenello‐Durigon Giovanna 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to understand how patients perceive their oral health and the resulting oral manifestations of antineoplastic chemotherapy, as well as to analyze the impact of these alterations on oral health‐related quality of life. A total of 80 patients undergoing treatment participated in this study. A questionnaire was applied using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) index and open interviews. Items with the highest impact prevalence included “worsened taste of food sensation” (35.00%), “discomfort in eating food” (20.00%), and “feeling stressed” (17.50%). The outpatients showed the highest prevalence scores, whereas the inpatients presented higher quality of life impact severity. The ways in which the patients perceived how their oral alteration affected their quality of life were distinct and subjective. It is important that dentists act together with a multiprofessional team developing strategies to alleviate the impact of the disease and chemotherapy on oral cavity and patients’ quality of life.
Gamma delta T‐cell large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in a dog
Authors: Ortiz Ana Liza , Carvalho Sofia , Leo Chiara , Riondato Fulvio , Archer Joy , Cian Francesco 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA 2‐year and 6‐month‐old female neutered Labrador Retriever with Horner syndrome, megaesophagus, and a mediastinal mass was referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals of the Royal Veterinary College. A large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma was diagnosed on cytology; flow cytometric analysis revealed a γδ T‐cell phenotype (CD3+,CD5+,CD45+,TCRγδ+,CD4−,CD8−,CD34−,CD21−). Chemotherapy was started with a combination of lomustine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone, followed by bleyomicin. Euthanasia was elected by the owners, due to progressive deterioration and lack of quality of life, 28 days after diagnosis. This is the first cytologic and immunophenotypic characterization of a canine γδ T‐cell lymphoma withLGLmorphology and probably of mediastinal origin. The role of chemotherapy in delaying the disease progression remains unknown.