bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of premature ventricular contraction foci in normal individuals based on multichannel electrocardiogram signals processing
Authors: Soheilykhah Sima , Sheikhani Ali , Sharif Alireza Ghorbani , Daevaeiha Mohammad M 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is relatively a common event where the heartbeat is initiated by the other pathway rather than by the Sinoatrial node, the normal heartbeat initiator. Determining PVC foci is important for ablation procedure and it can help in pre-procedural planning and potentially may improve ablation outcome.
In this study, 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) of 87 patients without structural cardiac diseases, who had experienced PVC, were obtained. Initially, PVC foci were labeled based on Electrophysiology study (EPS) reports. PVC beats were detected by wavelet method and their foci were classified using Mahalanobis distance and One-way ANOVA. Using morphological, frequency and spectrogram features, these foci in the heart were classified into five groups: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract (LVOT), Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) septum, basal Right Ventricular (RV), RVOT free-wall, and Aortic Cusp (AC).
The results showed that 88.4% of patients are classified correctly.
Genomic Basis of Aromatase Excess Syndrome: Recombination- and Replication-Mediated Rearrangements Leading to CYP19A1 Overexpression
Authors: Fukami Maki , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Vollbach Heike , Brown Kristy A. , Abe Shuji , Ohtsu Shigeyuki , Wabitsch Martin , Burger Henry , Simpson Evan R. , Umezawa Akihiro , Shihara Daizou , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Bulun Serdar E. , Shozu Makio , Ogata Tsutomu 
Published: September 2013

Context:Genomic rearrangements at 15q21 have been shown to cause overexpression of CYP19A1 and resultant aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS). However, mutation spectrum, clinical consequences, and underlying mechanisms of these rearrangements remain to be elucidated.Objective:The aim of the study was to clarify such unsolved matters.Design, Setting, and Methods:We characterized six new rearrangements and investigated clinical outcome and local genomic environments of these rearrangements and of three previously reported duplications/deletions.Results:Novel rearrangements included simple duplication involving exons 1–10 of CYP19A1 and simple and complex rearrangements that presumably generated chimeric genes consisting of the coding region of CYP19A1 and promoter-associated exons of neighboring genes. Clinical severities were primarily determined by the copy number of CYP19A1 and the property of the fused promoters. Sequences at the fusion junctions suggested nonallelic homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, and replication-based errors as the underlying mechanisms. The breakpoint-flanking regions were not enriched with GC content, palindromes, noncanonical DNA structures, or known rearrangement-associated motifs. The rearrangements resided in early-replicating segments.Conclusions:These results indicate that AEXS is caused by duplications involving CYP19A1 and simple and complex rearrangements that presumably lead to the usage of cryptic promoters of several neighboring genes. Our data support the notion that phenotypes depend on the dosage of CYP19A1 and the characteristics of the fused promoters. Furthermore, we show that the rearrangements in AEXS are generated by both recombination- and replication-mediated mechanisms, independent of the known rearrangement-inducing DNA features or late-replication timing. Thus, AEXS represents a unique model for human genomic disorders.
Environmental and hormonal factors controlling reversible colour change in crab spiders
Authors: Llandres Ana L. , Figon Florent , Christidès Jean-Philippe , Mandon Nicole , Casas Jérôme 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARY
Habitat heterogeneity that occurs within an individual's lifetime may favour the evolution of reversible plasticity. Colour reversibility has many different functions in animals, such as thermoregulation, crypsis through background matching and social interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying reversible colour changes are yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study aims to determine the environmental and hormonal factors underlying morphological colour changes in Thomisus onustus crab spiders and the biochemical metabolites produced during these changes. We quantified the dynamics of colour changes over time: spiders were kept in yellow and white containers under natural light conditions and their colour was measured over 15 days using a spectrophotometer. We also characterised the chemical metabolites of spiders changing to a yellow colour using HPLC. Hormonal control of colour change was investigated by injecting 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) into spiders. We found that background colouration was a major environmental factor responsible for colour change in crab spiders: individuals presented with white and yellow backgrounds changed to white and yellow colours, respectively. An ommochrome precursor, 3-OH-kynurenine, was the main pigment responsible for yellow colour. Spiders injected with 20E displayed a similar rate of change towards yellow colouration as spiders kept in yellow containers and exposed to natural sunlight. This study demonstrates novel hormonal manipulations that are capable of inducing reversible colour change.
Nonshivering thermogenesis in the African lesser bushbaby,Galago moholi
Authors: Nowack Julia , Dausmann Kathrin H. , Mzilikazi Nomakwezi 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) plays an important role during arousal from torpid states. Recent data on heterotherms inhabiting warmer regions, however, suggest that passive rewarming reduces the need of metabolic heat production during arousal significantly, leading to the question: to what extent do subtropical or tropical heterotherms depend on NST? The African lesser bushbaby, Galago moholi, enters torpid states as an emergency response only, but otherwise stays normothermic throughout the cold and dry winter season. In addition, this species shows unusual rewarming difficulties during arousal from torpor on cold days. We therefore examined the seasonal adjustments of the capacity for NST of naturally acclimatized G. moholi by stimulation with noradrenaline (NA) injection. Dissection of two adult female bushbabies revealed that G. moholi possesses brown adipose tissue, and NA treatment (0.5 mg kg−1, s.c.) induced a significant elevation in oxygen consumption compared with control (saline) injection. However, the increase in oxygen consumption following injection of NA was not significantly different between winter and summer. Our results show that the ability to produce heat via NST seems to be available throughout the year and that G. moholi is able to change NST capacity within a very short time frame in response to cold spells. Together with results from studies on other (Afro-)tropical heterotherms, which also indicate low or even absent seasonal difference in NST capacity, this raises the question of whether the definition of NST needs to be refined for (Afro-)tropical mammals.
European Dimensions of Residential Tenancy LawThis contribution presents the cooperative project ‘Tenancy Law and Housing Policy in the EU’ (www.tenlaw.uni-bremen.de) under the EU’s Seventh Research Framework Programme, which is coordinated by the Centre of European Law and Politics (ZERP) at Bremen University. The consortium is further composed of the Universities Southampton, Pisa, Tarragona, Lund, Katowice, Tartu, Celje, Delft and the Metropolitan Research Institute Budapest. The opinions stated in this paper are personal.
Authors: Schmid Christoph U. , Dinse Jason R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Although one third of European citizens depend on rental housing, its legal regulation in residential tenancy law constitutes a nearly blank space in comparative and European Union law. This is due to its national character, its perceived political nature and its embeddedness in widely diverging national housing policies. At the same time, however, EU law and policies from other fields do affect tenancy law significantly, albeit indirectly and with little visibility. The present contribution tries in a first step to take stock of these influences, which range from social policy, competition law, consumer and contract law, conflict of laws, anti-discrimination and environmental law to the European Convention of Human Rights. On this basis, the potential for a European contribution to the field is examined in a second step. As regards European instruments, this contribution advises against legal harmonisation but recommends the extension of the existing open method of coordination mechanism in social policy to tenancy law. At the substantive level, a legal principle of ‘socio-economic balance’ is sketched out. This means that national legislators, regulators and judges should design viable compromise solutions taking into account party interests as well as macroeconomic and social criteria.
Brackish Water Desalination by Electrodialysis: CaCO3 Scaling Monitoring During Batch Recirculation Operation
Authors: Salah Sayadi Ilhem Ben , Sistat Philippe , Ben Amor Mohamed , Tlili Mohamed 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The composition of feed water used in electrodialysis (ED) desalination causes the risk of CaCO3 scale crystallization in ED equipments, which leads to the decrease of process efficiency. To control scaling in water systems, several scaling indices and tests, permitting to predict the scaling occurrence, have been devised. In this study, an accelerated scaling test allowing to follow CaCO3 formation in water desalination plant using ED process was proposed. Tests were performed using a pilot unit as a conventional ED in batch recirculation mode. By simple in situ measurements of pH and flow rate of the concentrate, the crystallization onset and growth of CaCO3 were followed during the pilot operation. This leads to precise determination of the number of concentrate recirculation times and therefore to the highest recovery rate without scaling risk as a function of the inlet water quality and the antiscale pretreatment.
A Statistical Survey of the UK Residential Sector Electrical Loads
Authors: Tsagarakis George , Collin Adam , Kiprakis Aristides 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of data obtained from a wide range of literature on the most widely used appliances in the UK residential load sector, as well as a comprehensive technology and market survey conducted by the authors. The article focuses on the individual appliances and begins by consideration of the electrical operations performed by the load. This approach allows for the loads to be categorised based on the electrical characteristics, which is particularly important for implementing load-use statistics in power system analysis. In addition to this, device ownership statistics and probability density functions of power demand are presented for the main residential loads. Although the data presented is primarily intended as a resource for the development of load profiles for power system analysis, it contains a large volume of information that provides a useful database for the wider research community.
Volunteer Participation and the Development of Civil Society in China: A Case Study of Jinan
Authors: Xu Ying 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSpontaneous volunteer participation has developed rapidly over the past decade, though compulsory volunteer participation through top-to-bottom, government-based organizations is still prevalent among Chinese citizens. Drawing on a case study of Jinan, a city in China, this study explores the types of and motives for volunteer participation including how volunteers differ in their voluntary service experiences and what their attitudes are toward volunteering and the future development of civil society in China. The findings illustrate: first, spontaneous participants with rewarding experiences who volunteer through grassroots, issue-based VSOs are most likely to have a positive attitude toward volunteering and believe that volunteering can make contributions to the development of civil society. Second, participants in grassroots and community-based VSOs are most likely to have an enthusiastic attitude toward volunteering, but they tend to be indifferent about the idea of civil society. However, they tend to contribute to the development of volunteering and civil society when given the opportunity, because participation in voluntary services enhances their participatory abilities and their sense of self-organization and mutual collaboration. Last but not least, volunteers who participate in a poorly managed volunteering organization and have a dissatisfactory, non-rewarding volunteering experience are most likely to have a pessimistic attitude toward volunteering and civil society. The implications of volunteering for the development of civil society are also discussed.
Ceramic-polytetrafluoroethylene composite material-based miniaturized split-ring patch antenna
Authors: Ullah M. Habib , Islam Mohammad T. , Mandeep J.S. , Misran N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA ceramic-polytetrafluoroethylene high-permittivity dielectric material-based split-ring patch antenna of dimensions 12 mm×16 mm is presented in this paper. The measured operating bandwidths (reflection coefficient <-10 dB) range from 5.0 to 6.5 GHz (1.5 GHz), 9.1 to 9.6 GHz (500 MHz), and 10.7 to 11 GHz (300 MHz) as observed from the proposed antennas. Average gains of 0.69, 3.52, and 3.48 dBi were measured at the first, second, and third band, respectively. Radiation efficiencies of 87.3%, 88.5%, and 93.1% were achieved at three resonant frequencies 5.6, 9.5, and 10.9 GHz, respectively. The measured symmetric and nearly consistent radiation pattern makes the proposed antenna suitable for C band and X band applications. In this paper, the effects of the dielectric properties of substrate material and design parameters have been studied.
Slavic clitics: a typology
Authors: Zimmerling Anton , Kosta Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe paper offers a description of Slavic word order systems from the viewpoint of formal typology based on notions such as syntactic type, parametric settings, basic and derived order, linearization constraints, constituency, movement, spell-out, cliticity, clitic clusters, syntax-prosody interface, and grammaticalization.The aim is to classify Slavic word order systems with clitics on the basis of syntactic constraints without dependence on hypotheses about language-specific properties of prosodically deficient elements and to provide a viable typological classification, which can be verified by data from other world’s languages.
Log Evaluation in Low Resistivity Formation of Tomsk Region Oil Fields
Authors: Evdokimova Elena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
According to the generalized Western Siberia statistics only 25-30 % of low resistivity reservoirs are successfully identified and evaluated using log dataset. The main purpose of the investigation is development the appropriate wireline log interpretation methodology which helps to identify the low-resistivity J1 1 formation of Z oil field. First of all the common causes of the low resisitivity pay occurance were investigated using published literature sources. Then the wells where the productive J1 1 formation was characterized by anomaly low resistivity (Rt&lt;5 Ohm*m) was determined. Then the concentration of conductive minerals was applied using Ezhova A.S.chart. For the purpose of exact estimation of Rt the conductivity that was not registrated by induction tool was calculated for each wells. This value was used for correct formation resistivity determination. As a result of the work performed the suggested methodology was succcessfuly implemented and recommened for using for Saturation evaluation throughout the low-resistivity pay in the Z oil field
Waxy Crude Oil Characterization and Experimental Study of the Restart of a Line Blocked with Gelled Waxy Crude
Authors: Luthi Ivana Flores 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Subsea deepwater flowlines transporting crudes are subjected to shutdowns for operational or emergency reasons. For waxy crudes, the low temperature of the surrounding seawater may lead the oil to cool below its pour point. In this situation, a gelled structure composed of paraffin crystals distributed through a viscous matrix is formed, blocking the flowline. The formation of this gel, as well as its aging, present serious complications for the flow restart process, because the required pumping pressure becomes greater than the normal operating pressure. The restart of waxy crude flowlines has close connection with the complex rheological properties of gelled crudes and startup pressure propagation. To better understand the restart process, rheological tests and restart pressure measurements in a pipe were performed. Using a rheometer, essential parameters that describe the behavior of the waxy crude oils, such as WAT (Wax Appearance Temperature), flow curves, yield stress and thixotropy were characterized. Yield stress measurements can be used to estimate the minimum pressure required to restart the flow. However, as the yielding process is time-dependent, phenomena such as thixotropy, shrinkage, compressibility, thermal effects and aging are enormously relevant for the gel breakup. Furthermore, the time required to restart a line blocked with gelled waxy oil depends mainly on the applied pressure and viscosity that decreases with time. Thus, start-up tests were also performed in a horizontal pipeline blocked with gelled waxy crude oil, once when these phenomenas are not considered, the use of conservative pressure values would lead to unnecessary costs for the restart process.
Log Based Stress Modeling and Wellbore Stability Studies
Authors: Omotunde Omokayode 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
One of the major drilling problems encountered during oilfield exploration and development phases is wellbore instability. This largely occurs as a result of mechanical failure of the subsurface underlying rocks; with problems such as stuck pipe incidences, lost circulation, clay swelling accounting for about 5%-10% of total drilling expenses and resulting in non-productive time (NPT) and equipment loss and environmental concerns.
To address these concerns, a geomechanical model is defined. Geomechanical Modeling involves the study of in-situ stresses induced in rock, due to well drilling, completion, fluid injection, temperature changes and the associated deformations and failure that occurs. It takes into account the rock strength and the pore pressure whilst describing the behavior of rock under mechanical disturbance. Typically, a Geomechanical model comprises of six components: Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), Pore Pressure (Pp), Vertical Stress, Minimum and Maximum Horizontal Stress and the orientations of the horizontal stresses.
Log-based Stress Modeling offers a practical approach to characterize in-situ stress state profile of the subsurface formations. The knowledge of the mechanical properties and in-situ stresses of the subsurface formations is important, as it provides insights to the determination of optimal mud weight window, stable well trajectories, casing set points so as to minimize wellbore stability related problems. The data required is obtained from a suite of logs such as density, sonic, porosity, caliper and image logs. Stress magnitude information is needed as a continuous function of depth to proper characterization. Information about Stress orientation and constraining its magnitude is based on the observation of failure at the borehole wall which can also be detected by borehole logging tools.
This dissertation employs series of techniques to characterize the magnitude of in-situ stresses. A one-dimensional geomechanical model is developed, by combining the stress information obtained, rock mechanical properties, formation pressures, observation of wellbore failure and defining the failure criteria for both borehole collapse and fracture breakdown. A wellbore stability study was done to determine an optimal mud weight window and the sensitivity of the obtained mud weight window to the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses was investigated.
A Study On Horizontal Well Efficiency With Reference To Improved Oil Recovery Of The Fractured Basement Reservoir In The Cuu Long Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Lu Vi Dinh , Nguyen Quy Minh , Mai Lan Cao , Tran Dao Xuan 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
After several discoveries of oil and gas in fractured basement reservoir such as White Tiger, Dragon, Aurora and Ruby in 1990s, the basement on the continental shelf of Vietnam has become a major target for domestic and foreign oil companies. Oil produced from basement is accounted for more than 90% of the total produced oil. Despite of lesser and lesser new discoveries and most of the big oil fields are in declining phase, fast economic growth of Vietnam needs more energy. Among the Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) techniques, horizontal wells appeared to be a promising one in both short and long term of reservoir life.
Horizontal wells have a higher productivity and pay contact per well than that of vertical wells, thereby reducing the number of wells required to drain the reservoir. Horizontal wells allow operators to take advantage of highly heterogeneous reservoirs, especially those with fractures, or water and gas coning problems. As an injection well, a long horizontal well provides a large contact area, and therefore enhances well injectivity, which is highly desirable for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. In this study, the efficiency of horizontal well will be evaluated by analyzing horizontal well performance. Both the advantages and disadvantages will be compared with those of vertical well. In assessment of the efficiency of horizontal well, both analytical and numerical solutions will be investigated.
Statistical Decision Making: Improving the Decision Process in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Jovic Mia 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Success is one of the key drivers of an industry, and success is aided by good decision making. In the oil and gas industry, success is remaining competitive and profitable. This takes good decision making regarding company-wide programs. However, these key decisions are often based on Excel graphs that compare several variables over time. While this method can give a good overview, it fails to capture both the dependency of the variables on each other, and the probability that the results were derived by chance. There are several statistical analysis tools, including Multivariate Linear Regression, Spearman R, and the Analysis of Variance, which can be used to increase the chance of making the most profitable decision, by numerically measuring if the results were derived by chance, and if the variables are statistically dependant on each other. These statistical analysis tools need to be better incorporated in daily decision making to ensure that variable relations are not due to chance, and that all the possible variables are considered. By including this additional analysis, companies can help drive their own success by making the decisions that help them keep their competitive edge.