bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kristall-und Molekülstrukturen von Benzoato-pyridin-iod(I) und Phthalato-bis(pyridin-iod(I))/ Crystal and Molecular Structures of Benzoato-pyridine-iodine(I) and Phthalato-bis(pyridine-iodine(I))
Authors: Hartl Hans , Hedrich Martina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Benzoato-pyridine-iodine(I) and phthalato-bis(pyridine-iodine(I)) crystallize in the monoclinic spacegroup P21/c. In both cases iodine(I) shows an almost linear coordination towards the pyridine-N and one carboxylate-O donor atom. The I -N distances range from 228 to 232 pm, the I - O distances from 213 to 219 pm. The vibrational spectra contain frequencies in the range 136-145 and 164-175 cm- 1 assigned to the quasi-symmetric and quasi-antisymmetric N-I-O-vibrations. The IR and Ra spectra of the benzoate and phthalate ligands are similar to those of the crystalline benzoic and phthalic acids.
Substitutionsreaktionen von Tetracarbonyl(dihydrido)eisen mit Trimethylphosphit/Substitution Reactions of Tetracarbonyl(dihydro)iron with Trimethylphosphite
Authors: Berke Heinz , Huttner Gottfried , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reaction of H2Fe(CO)4 with trimethylphosphite in various stoichiometric ratios is reported. The compounds H2Fe(CO)2[P(OCH3)3]2 (stoichiometry of reactants 1:2), H2Fe(CO)3P(OCH3)3 (1:1), Fe3 (CO)11[P(OCH3)3], and H3Fe4 (CO)11[P(OCH3)2] (3.5:1) were obtained.
Inhibitoren der Korrosion 26 Die Struktur der bei der Korrosion von Kupfer in Gegenwart von 2-Aminopyrimidin (Sauerstoff, NaCl, pH 4,1, 22 °C) aufgebauten Schutzschicht/ Corrosion Inhibitors 26 The Structure of the Protecting Coating Formed During the Corrosion of Copper (Oxigen, NaCl, pH 4.1, 22 °C) in the Presence of 2-Aminopyrimidine
Authors: Horner L. , Pliefke E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The analysis of the protective coating produced during the corrosion of copper in the presence of 2-aminopyrimidine (2-AP) is consistent with the composition [Cu1+-2-AP-Cl]n. The individual units form a three-dimensional macro-structure via chloride bridging and hydrogen bonding. The assignment of the structure was supported by NMR, IR, UV and magnetic susceptibüity measurements and an X-ray investigation using the Debye- Scherrer powder method. The thermal behaviour of the coating was studied by massspectral and DTA (differential thermal analysis) methods. Radiochemical experiments were carried out using active copper samples (i.e. containing 64Cu), or using added 64CuCl and 64CuCl2 in the corrosion of non-active copper both in the presence and absence of added 2-AP. The results elucidate the exchange reactions at the copper surface between dissolved and metallic components. The equilibrium between Cu2+ and metallic copper on the one hand and 2 Cu1+ ions on the other is central to the problem, as is also the dissociation of the [Cu1+-2-AP-Cl]n complex. The concepts here developed were confirmed by studies of the autoxidation of CuCl and CuO in the presence and absence of 2-AP.
Phenazine aus Pseudomonden/Phenazines from Pseudomonads
Authors: Römer A. , Scholl H. , Budzikiewicz H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure elucidation of several minor phenazine pigments of Pseudomonads is described. 4-Hydroxyphenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester, 2,3-dihydroxyphenazine, 2,3,7-trihydroxyphenazine, 4-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2,6-dihydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid and 2,3,7-trihydroxyphenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid are new phenazine derivatives. The distribution of phenazines in the genus Pseudomonas is investigated.
Magnetische Eigenschaften von AB2X2-Verbindungen im CaAl2Si2-Typ / Magnetic Properties of AB2X2 Compounds with the CaAl2Si2 Structure
Authors: Zwiener Gerhard , Neumann Hermann , Schuster Hans-Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of ternary rare earth compounds with the CaAl2Si2 structure were measured in the temperature range of 80 to 290 K. YbZn2Sb2 and the compounds YbZn2-x;CuxX2 (X = P, As) with x < 1 show intermediate valence behaviour, that is a nonintegral occupancy of the 4f shell. Of the compounds EuZn2X2 (X = P, As, Sb) the results for those with X = P or Sb show good agreement with the theoretical values for Eu(II). In LuZnCuAs2 and RELi2X2 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb; X = P, As, Sb, Bi) the trivalent state of the rare earth atoms can be established. With the exception of LuZnCuAs2 the susceptibilities of all of the investigated compounds follow the CURIEWEISS law.
The Tetrabutylammonium Salt of 2-Thioxo-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dithiolate as a Starting Material for Preparation of Organometallic Conductors
Authors: Papavassiliou G. C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The tetrabutylammonium salt of 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiol-4,5-dithiolate (TDD) was isolated and new one-dimensional conducting solids of the donor-acceptor type with TDD as a ligand were prepared.
New Stable Manganese(III) Chelates of Some Pyridine Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ghosh Saktiprosad , Ray Pranab K. , Bandyopadhyay Tapas K. , Deb Amal K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The syntheses of three new and unusually stable Mn(III) complexes of pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid and their characterisation by various standard physicochemical methods is reported
Elf stabile C5H9+-Kationen in der Gasphase. Zur dissoziativen Ionisierung von 31 isomeren C6H9Br-Verbindungen / Eleven Stable C5H9+ Cations in the Gas Phase. On the Dissociative Ionization of 31 Isomeric C5H9Br Compounds
Authors: Franke Wilfried , Schwarz Helmut , Wesdemiotis Chrysostomos 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Collisional activation mass spectrometry (CA) reveals the existence of 11 stable C5H9+ cations in the gas phase, e. g. the substituted allyl cations a, b, c, d,and e, the sub-stituted vinyl cations f, g, h, and i, the methyl cyclobutyl cation j and the cyclopentyl cation k, respectively. The ethyl substituted allyl cation a is formed via dissociative ionization of the isomeric precursors 1, 3, 4, 5, 18, 19, 20, 22, and 28 by means of various mechanistic processes, whereas the 1,3-dimethylallyl cation b is generated from both 2 (by allylic cleavage) and in part from the stereoisomeric cyclopropan derivatives 25, 26 and 27. 6+ -gives a mixture of the vinyl cations 1 and g. From 13 and 14 the main product generated is the 1,2-dimethylallyl cation d, which is formed directly from 11 and also by quite complicated processes from 13, 14 and to a certain extent from 25, 26 and 27. The dissociative ionization of 9, 15, 16, 21, 24 and (in part) 23 give rise to the formation of the substituted vinyl cation h. Decomposition of 23+ • results not only in formation of h but generates also the 1,1-dimethylallyl cation e. From 29+-and 30+-both the methylcyclo-butyl cation j and cyclopentyl cation k are produced, whereas the isomeric precursor 28 gives mainly the substituted allyl cation a and a second, as yet, unidentified C5H9 cation.
In general, it can be stated that the gas phase chemistry of cation radicals of substituted cyclopropanes is characterised by multistep-reactions, commencing with spontaneous ring opening. The so formed intermediates undergo various rearrangements (including hydrogen and alkyl shifts) prior to expulsion of Br·. Direct elimination of Br· from intact cyclopropan-like structures, followed by ring opening of the intermediate cyclopropyl cation, cannot compete with the above-mentioned multistep-sequences.
Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 124 [1] Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-borane und Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl-borate / Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 124 [1] Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl Boranes and Tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl Borates
Authors: Biffar Werner , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The reactions of several boron halides, methoxides, alkyls and hydrides with tris(tri-methylsilyl)silyllithium, which was isolated as the solvate [(CH3)3Si]3SiLi · 3C4H8O, 1(TMSSLi) have been studied. (CH3)2B−Si[Si(CH3)3]3 and 9−[(CH3)3Si]3Si-9-BBN, were isolated, while [(CH3)3Si]3Si-B(tC4H9)2 could only be detected by 11B NMR. In addition TMSS-B[N(CH3)2]2, (TMSS)2BNMe2 and (TMSS)2BOCH3 were prepared. The methoxy-boranes (CH3)3-nB(OCH3)n add to 1 forming silylborates; however, no OCH3/Si[Si(CH3)3]3 substitution occurs. The hydrogen bridge in 9-BBN is cleaved symmetrically. The results can be explained by the basicity and the steric requirements of the TMSS group. The TMSS group exhibits a deshielding effect at the boron nucleus relative to the (CH3)3Si group for silylboranes as well as for silylborates.
Phasenbeziehungen in Systemen In2X3−InY3 sowie Strukturbeziehungen, Kristallzucht und optische Absorption von Verbindungen InXY [X = Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I] / Phase Relations in Systems In2X3−InY3 and Structural Relations, Crystal Growth and Optical Absorption of Compounds InXY [X = Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I]
Authors: Kniep Rüdiger , Wilms Axel , Beister Jürgen , Syassen Karl 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The systems In2X3-InY3 (X = Se, Te; Y = Cl, Br, I) are quasibinary and contain the intermediate ternary compounds InXY with incongruent melting behaviour. InSeCl and InSeBr show a significant phase width towards the respective trihalides. InTeCl is dimorphous with a stable α-and a metastable β-modification. Crystals of the ternary compounds are grown by Bridgman technique and their optical absorption behaviour is studied. Phase relations as well as optical absorption are discussed with respect to the various crystal structures of the intermediate ternary phases.
Structural Studies in the Systems ZrZn2-xAlx and HfZn2-xAlx
Authors: Drašner A. , Blažina Ž. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A great number of samples in the systems ZrZn2-xAlx and HfZn2-xAlx was prepared and investigated by means of X-ray powder diffraction. In both systems hitherto unknown ternary Friauf-Laves structures of the MgCu2-type (S. G. Fd 3m) were identified. Their homogeneity regions were determined to be ZrZn0.6Al1.4−ZrZn0.4Al1.6 and HfZn1.25Al0.75-HfZn0.5Al1.5, respectively. The unit cell parameter of ZrZn0.5Al1.5 is a = 747.3 ± 0.3 pm, and for HfZn0.5Al1.5 a = 741.4 ± 0.3 pm. For the alloys of these particular compositions the atomic positions were determined using trial and error methods. In the investigated systems, depending on the composition and/or thermal treatment, alloys having the AuCu3 structure (S. G. Pm3m) were also observed. Structural correlations of these ternary Friauf-Laves phases with their corresponding binary prototypes were made in terms of stacking sequences.
Photolysis of Thiopurines in the Presence of Oxygen+
Authors: Wenska Grażyna , Paszyc Stefan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Irradiation (λ > 290 nm) of 6-thiopurine and some 9-substituted 6-thiopurines in oxygen saturated tert-butanol leads to hypoxanthine, purine and purine-6-sulfonic acid or their substituted derivatives. Purine and hypoxanthine formation can be sensitized with dyes. The reaction of 6-thiopurine with singlet oxygen has also been performed with purine and hypoxanthine among other products. It seems however that 1O2 is not an important intermediate in the photooxygenation. The photoreaction may have some synthetic value. Hypoxanthines (~50%) or purines (35-45%) were obtained depending on the solvent used.
Übergangsmetall-Schwefelylid-Komplexe, XXII [1] Zur Reaktivität von DicarbonylnitrosyI-η5-thiacyclohexadienyl-1-oxid- Chromkomplexen gegenüber Phosphor- und Schwefelyliden / Transition Metal Sulfur Ylide Complexes, XXII [1] Reactivity Studies of Dicarbonylnitrosyl-η5-thiacyclohexadienyl-1-oxide Chromium Complexes with Phosphorus and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Weber Lothar 
Published: February 2015

3a-d
η5-Thiacyclohexadienyl-1-oxide chromium complexes are generated by treatment of the 1-methyl-thiabenzene-1-oxide complexes 1a-d with Li[BHEt3] and successive nitrosylation of the intermediates 2a-d. 3a-d react with Me2S(O) = CH2 or Ph3P=CH2 at a carbonyl ligand in an additon/transylidation process to yield the very sensitive products 5, 6a-d.
Identification of gene fragments related to nitrogen deficiency in Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae)
Authors: Fu Minghui , Jiang Lihua , Li Yuanmei , Yan Guohua , Zheng Lijun , Peng Jinping 
Published: February 2015

<p><em>Eichhornia crassipes</em> is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon River Basin. It has become a serious weed in freshwater habitats in rivers, lakes and reservoirs both in tropical and warm temperate areas worldwide. Some research has stated that it can be used for water phytoremediation, due to its strong assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the accumulation of heavy metals, and its growth and spread may play an important role in environmental ecology. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of <em>E. crassipes</em> to responses to nitrogen deficiency, we constructed forward and reversed subtracted cDNA libraries for <em>E. crassipes</em> roots under nitrogen deficient condition using a suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. The forward subtraction included 2 100 clones, and the reversed included 2 650 clones. One thousand clones were randomly selected from each library for sequencing. About 737 (527 unigenes) clones from the forward library and 757 (483 unigenes) clones from the reversed library were informative. Sequence BlastX analysis showed that there were more transporters and adenosylhomocysteinase-like proteins in <em>E. crassipes</em> cultured in nitrogen deficient medium; while, those cultured in nitrogen replete medium had more proteins such as UBR4-like e3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein 8-like, as well as more cytoskeletal proteins, including actin and tubulin. Cluster of Orthologous Group (COG) analysis also demonstrated that in the forward library, the most ESTs were involved in coenzyme transportation and metabolism. In the reversed library, cytoskeletal ESTs were the most abundant. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categories demonstrated that unigenes involved in binding, cellular process and electron carrier were the most differentially expressed unigenes between the forward and reversed libraries. All these results suggest that <em>E. crassipes</em> can respond to different nitrogen status by efficiently regulating and controlling some transporter gene expressions, certain metabolism processes, specific signal transduction pathways and cytoskeletal construction. </p>
The Use of Xanthates as Precursors for the Deposition of Nickel Sulfide Thin Films by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Musetha P.L. , Revaprasadu N. , Malik M.A , O'Brien P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNickel sulphide (NiS) thin films have been deposited on glass by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition(AACVD) using single source precursors of the type, ([Ni(S2COR2)2], R = C2H5 or C3H7). TGA analyses showed that the precursors are highly volatile, making them suitable for AACVD studies. As deposited NiS films were polycrystalline as confirmed by XRD. The films have been characterised by xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (EDAX).
Construction and Validation of the Clinical Judgment Skill Inventory: Clinical Judgment Skill Competencies That Measure Counselor Debiasing Techniques
Authors: Austin Bryan S. , Leahy Michael J. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose:To construct and validate a new self-report instrument, the Clinical Judgment Skill Inventory (CJSI), inclusive of clinical judgment skill competencies that address counselor biases and evidence-based strategies.Method:An Internet-based survey design was used and an exploratory factor analysis was performed on a sample of rehabilitation counselor educators’ (n= 126) ratings of clinical judgment skill importance for effective rehabilitation counseling practice.Results:New knowledge of 7 empirically supported clinical judgment skill areas of debiasing techniques (scientific attitude, cultural bias, cognitive complexity, memory bias, confirmatory bias, negative bias, and evidence-based practice) was generated.Conclusion:The 35-item CJSI has initial empirical evidence to support its reliability and validity and to assess clinical judgment skill competencies (debiasing techniques) of master’s students in rehabilitation counseling programs. However, follow-up studies and use of confirmatory factor analysis are needed to further test and substantiate the CJSI’s content and construct validity.
Toward Effective Big Data Analysis in Continuous Auditing
Authors: Zhang Juan , Yang Xiongsheng , Appelbaum Deniz 
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS
Big Data now pervades every sector and function of the global economy. This paper focuses on the gaps between Big Data and the current capabilities of data analysis in continuous auditing (CA). It identifies four dimensions of Big Data and five subsequent gaps: namely, data consistency, integrity, aggregation, identification, and confidentiality. For each gap, the paper outlines challenges and possible solutions derived from traditional data systems, which can be further applied to CA systems in an era of Big Data.
Auditor Resignation and Risk Factors
Authors: Ghosh Aloke (Al) , Tang Charles Y. 
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS
Although auditor litigation risk is considered as a leading explanation for auditor resignations, audit risk and business risk might also trigger resignations. Auditor litigation risk is defined as the risk of the auditor being involved in a lawsuit, audit risk is defined as the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated and, finally, business risk is defined as the risk associated with the client's survival and profitability. Because the three risk factors are not mutually exclusive, we examine their relevance and incremental importance using measures from the pre- and post-resignation periods. Using summary indices from the pre-resignation period, we find that all of the three ex ante risk indices are incrementally important for resignations, especially when the predecessor auditor is a Big 4 firm. Because the ex ante risk factors are prone to measurement errors and are less likely to capture the auditor's proprietary information about the client, we analyze data from the post-resignation period when the auditor's proprietary information is likely to become publicly known. We find that within a three-year period following an auditor's resignation, clients are more likely to (1) be involved in class-action lawsuits (ex post litigation risk), (2) have internal control problems (ex post audit risk), and (3) to be delisted from a national stock exchange (ex post business risk). Our research demonstrates that auditors consider all three risk factors, and not just litigation risk, in resignation decisions.
Audit Committee Incentives and the Resolution of Detected Misstatements
Authors: Keune Marsha B. , Johnstone Karla M. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARY
We investigate the role of audit committee economic incentives in judgments involving the resolution of detected misstatements. The results reveal a positive association between audit committee short-term stock option compensation and the likelihood that managers are allowed to waive income-decreasing misstatements that, if corrected, would have caused the company to miss its analyst forecast. Complementary results reveal a positive association between the audit committee long-term stock option compensation and the likelihood that managers are allowed to waive income-increasing misstatements when the company reports just missing, meeting, or beating its analyst forecast. These findings illustrate agency conflicts that can arise when compensating audit committees with options. We obtain these results while controlling for CEO option compensation and audit committee characteristics, along with indicators of corporate governance, auditor incentives, and company characteristics.
Data Availability: Data used in the study are available from public sources
The Great Bustard: Past, Present and Future of a Globally Threatened Species
Authors: Alonso Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Great Bustards are still vulnerable to agricultural intensification, power line collision, and other human-induced landscape changes. Their world population is estimated to be between44,000 and 57,000 individuals, showing a stable demographic trend at present in the Iberian peninsula, its mainstronghold, but uncertain trends in Russia and China, and alarming declines in Iran and Morocco, where it willgo extinct if urgent protection measures are not taken immediately. Our knowledge of the behaviour and ecologyof this species has increased considerably over the last three decades, allowing us to control the major threatsand secure its conservation in an appropriately managed cereal farmland. This species became 'The Bird of the Year' in Hungary in 2014.
Fossil and Subfossil Bird Remains and Faunas from the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Kessler Jenö (Eugen) 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The author summarizes the knowledge of fossil and subfossil bird life from the Carpathian Basin, of all geological ages, site by site. After a historical overview, he presents the Mesozoic, Tertiary and Quaternary bird fauna, based on a holistic reference material consisting of 196 titles indicated in the bibliography, including papers in English (64), Hungarian (50), German (46), Romanian (26), Croatian (9) and Polish (1) languages. The text is supplemented with maps of fossiliferous sites from different ages and a list from 341 paleontological and archaeological sites on species of the Carpathian Basin, respectively. The number of taxa reaches 845, including 189 extinct taxa (two orders, four families, nine genera - five ichnotaxa of which (154 species, five ichnotaxa and 10 subspecies) were described from the Carpathian Basin, primarily. Most significant records include the Mesozoic taxa (Eurolimnornis, Palaeocursornis, Elopteryx), the new Neogene songbirds species and the presence of predecessors of recent European grouses, Bustards and Corvidae species from the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene in the Carpathian Basin.
Progesterone level does not distinguish the different course of canine ovulation determined by ultrasonography
Authors: Domosławska A. , Jurczak A. , Janowski T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare progesterone concentrations in bitches during ovulation with a different course of follicular collapse as determined by ultrasonography. The study was conducted on 36 animals of different breeds, from 2 to 7 years old, and from 2 to 44 kg of body weight. Ultrasound examinations of ovaries were conducted in the peri-ovulatory period until ovulation was detected. Based on USG scans the animals were divided into two groups: group A with fast follicular collapse within 1 day, and group B with gradual follicular collapse within 2-3 days. Progesterone measurements were performed in both groups on the day when the beginning of ovulation was diagnosed by USG. Follicular collapse in group A was observed in 27.8% of animals (n=10) and in group B in 72.2% (n=26). There were no statistical differences (p<0.05) in progesterone concentrations between groups A and B (6.68 ± 0.92 ng/ml and 6.81 ± 0.57 ng/ml respectively). From 31 bred bitches (natural mating or insemination) pregnancy was confirmed in 29 females (93.5%). These results provide information about the sufficient stability of progesterone concentration during ovulation regardless of the follicular collapse speed. Ultrasonography during the peri-ovulatory period combined with progesterone measurements allows progress in ovulation management