bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative development of teaching scripts: An efficient faculty development approach for a busy clinical teaching unit
Authors: Lang Valerie J. , O'Connor Alec B. , Blatt Amy , Gracey Catherine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Exemplary teachers have been shown to use teaching scripts, ways of organizing the content and instructional approach for commonly encountered teachable moments. This study describes a busy hospitalist unit's early experience with the collaborative development of teaching scripts.METHODS:In 2010, during monthly workshops, 10 faculty members each prepared and presented a teaching script for a different commonly encountered diagnosis. Open‐ended surveys assessing the impact on faculty were analyzed using an iterative approach. Changes in faculty self‐efficacy, and the frequency and applicability of teaching were measured.RESULTS:The program required 10 hours of attendance time and a mean of 4.3 hours for each faculty member who prepared a teaching script. No significant differences in quantity or applicability of teaching were detected, but faculty self‐efficacy improved significantly. In addition, faculty described beneficial effects in their individual professional development, development of a shared mental model of professional responsibility, and interpersonal relationships. A majority of comments were positive; negative comments focused on the time required to prepare scripts, and apprehension about presenting to peers.CONCLUSIONS:The program was an efficient approach to improve self‐rated teaching skills, enhance professional development, and build collegiality among clinician‐teachers. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Simulating effects of climate scenarios on hydrological processes in southern Brazil using a lysimeter
Authors: Pinheiro Adilson , Graciano Regina L. G. , Kaufmann Vander 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to simulate how future climate scenarios will affect evapotranspiration, surface runoff and drainage in an agricultural area. The area's behaviour is represented by a lysimeter consisting of an undisturbed soil core with volume 1 m3, sited in the basin of the Concordia River near the town of Lontras in the southern Brazilian State of Santa Catarina. The simulation used the SWAP (Soil‐Water‐Atmosphere‐Plant) model, calibrated and verified with data on rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, radiation and soil water content over a 34‐month period. Hydrological processes characterizing the basin soils were determined from present climate as baseline, and from series generated for maximum and minimum scenarios of carbon emissions (scenarios A2 and B2, respectively). Simulations were made for conditions of bare soil and for maize cultivation. Results showed that for these two conditions A2 and B2 give annual mean rainfall depths, evapotranspiration and interception of the same order of magnitude as in the baseline period. Depths of surface runoff were greater than baseline for both scenarios and for both cultivation conditions. For bare soil, the increases were about 118 and 268% for B2 and A2, respectively. These differences were generated from frequency distributions of maximum daily rainfalls in scenarios A2 and B2 that were greater than those for baseline. However, drainage flow was lower for the two soil conditions, and for the two scenarios A2 and B2, relative to baseline conditions.
Expression of MicroRNA machinery proteins in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Na , Cao Ping‐Ping , Zhang Xin‐Hao , Lu Xiang , Liu Zheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently been shown in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the biogenesis and function of which are modulated by miRNA machinery proteins. The expression of these proteins in inflammatory airway diseases is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miRNA machinery components in CRS.Study Design:Case–control experimental study.Methods:The mRNA expression levels of miRNA machinery components including Drosha, Dicer, protein activator of the interferon‐induced protein kinase (PACT), human immunodeficiency virus transactivating response RNA‐binding protein, fragile X mental retardation protein, and argonaute 2/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2C, 2 in nasal biopsies from control, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), eosinophilic, and noneosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) subjects were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to examine the protein expression of PACT and the cellular source of PACT.Results:Among the tested components, only PACT mRNA expression was found to be altered in CRS, the levels of which were upregulated in CRSwNP as compared with control. In comparison with control and CRSsNP, PACT protein expression was also significantly upregulated in CRSwNP, with a further increase in eosinophilic CRSwNP. PACT was mainly expressed in CD138+ plasma cells. A higher percentage of PACT‐positive plasma cells in total plasma cells was detected in eosinophilic CRSwNP than in noneosinophilic CRSwNP. PACT protein expression correlated with disease severity and eosinophil infiltration.Conclusions:PACT may be associated with the plasma cell function and eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP. However, further experimentation is needed to clarify the functions of PACT.
Surface Engineering of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) for Durable Hemocompatibility via a Surface Interpenetrating Network Technique
Authors: Li Jiang , Lin Francis , Li Lingdong , Li Jing , Liu Song 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHeparin was covalently bonded on chemically inert PET substrate using a surface modification technique–surface interpenetrating network with the purpose of fabricating long‐lasting biocompatible materials as vascular grafts. FTIR and XPS spectra confirmed the successful heparinization of PET (PET‐Hep). The density of surface‐immobilized heparin as quantified by a colorimetric method could reach 2.4 μg cm−2 (in the reported optimal range: 1.5–3.0 μg cm−2). The hemocompatibility of the heparin‐immobilized PET was improved as evidenced by a platelet adhesion test: significantly less platelet adhesion on PET‐Hep (11.60%) than on untreated PET (48.91%). An MTT assay indicated PET‐Hep was nontoxic to human dermal fibroblast cells. After an initial 5.24% loss of heparin from PET‐Hep in the first 14 h immersion in PBS buffer solution, no further leaching of heparin was found.
On dual spaces of anisotropic Hardy spaces
Authors: Dekel Shai , Weissblat Tal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper we generalize the analysis of the Campanato‐type dual spaces 1, 3, for the highly anisotropic Hardy spaces on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^n$\end{document} introduced in 10. These Hardy spaces are constructed over multi‐level ellipsoid covers of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^n$\end{document}, where the ellipsoids can change shape rapidly from point to point and from level to level.
Polymers with Upper Critical Solution Temperature in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Seuring Jan , Agarwal Seema 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis review focuses on polymers with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water or electrolyte solution and provides a detailed survey of the yet few existing examples. A guide for synthetic chemists for the design of novel UCST polymers is presented and possible handles to tune the phase transition temperature, sharpness of transition, hysteresis, and effectiveness of phase separation are discussed. This review tries to answer the question why polymers with UCST remained largely underrepresented in academic as well as applied research and what requirements have to be fulfilled to make these polymers suitable for the development of smart materials with a positive thermoresponse.
QSAR Modelling of CYP3A4 Inhibition as a Screening Tool in the Context of DrugDrug Interaction Studies
Authors: Hamon Véronique , Horvath Dragos , Gaudin Cédric , Desrivot Julie , Junges Céline , Arrault Alban , Bertrand Marc , Vayer Philippe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDrugdrug interaction potential (DDI), especially cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibition potential, is one of the most important parameters to be optimized before preclinical and clinical pharmaceutical development as regard to the number of marketed drug metabolized mainly by this CYP and potentially co‐administered with the future drug. The present study aims to develop in silico models for CYP3A4 inhibition prediction to help medicinal chemists during the discovery phase and even before the synthesis of new chemical entities (NCEs), focusing on NCEs devoid of any inhibitory potential toward this CYP. In order to find a relevant relationship between CYP3A4 inhibition and chemical features of the screened compounds, we applied a genetic‐algorithm‐based QSAR exploratory tool SQS (Stochastic QSAR Sampler) in combination with different description approaches comprising alignment‐independent Volsurf descriptors, ISIDA fragments and Topological Fuzzy Pharmacophore Triplets. The experimental data used to build models were extracted from an in‐house database. We derived a model with good prediction ability that was confirmed on both newly synthesized compound and public dataset retrieved from Pubchem database. This model is a promising efficient tool for filtering out potentially problematic compounds.
Construction and Consensus Performance of (Q)SAR Models for Predicting Phospholipidosis Using a Dataset of 743 Compounds
Authors: Orogo Amabel M. , Choi Sydney S. , Minnier Barbara L. , Kruhlak Naomi L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDrug‐induced phospholipidosis (PLD) continues to be a safety concern for pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies, prompting the FDA/CDER Phospholipidosis Working Group to develop a database of PLD findings that was recently expanded to contain a total of 743 compounds (385 positive and 358 negative). Three commercial (quantitative) structure‐activity relationship [(Q)SAR)] software platforms [MC4PC, Leadscope Predictive Data Miner (LPDM), and Derek for Windows (DfW)] were used to build and/or test models with the database and evaluated individually and together for their ability to predict PLD induction. Models constructed with MC4PC showed improved sensitivity over previous models constructed with an earlier version of the database and software (61.2 % vs. 50.0 %), but lower specificity in cross‐validation experiments (58.2 % vs. 91.9 %) due in part to the more balanced ratio of positives to negatives in the training set. A new model created with LPDM gave good cross‐validation statistics (79.0 % sensitivity, 78.0 % specificity) and the single DfW structural alert for PLD was found to have high positive predictivity (83.3 %) but low sensitivity (10.4 %) when tested with the entire PLD database. Combining the predictions of MC4PC, LPDM and/or DfW resulted in increased sensitivity and coverage over using one software platform alone, although it did not enhance the overall prediction accuracy beyond that of the best performing individual software platform. The comparison across software platforms, however, facilitated the identification and analysis of chemicals that were consistently predicted incorrectly by all platforms. The prevalence of cationic amphiphilic drug (CAD) structural motifs in the database contributed heavily to many of the structural alerts and discriminating features in the models, but the subset of incorrectly predicted structures across all models underscores the need to account for mitigating features and/or additional filtering criteria to assess PLD, in particular for PLD‐inducing non‐CADs and non‐PLD‐inducing CADs. (Q)SAR tools may be used as part of an early screening battery or regulatory risk assessment approach to identify those compounds with the greatest chance of inducing PLD and potentially toxicity.
Gene‐diet‐interactions in folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism modify colon cancer risk
Authors: Liu Amy Y. , Scherer Dominique , Poole Elizabeth , Potter John D. , Curtin Karen , Makar Karen , Slattery Martha L. , Caan Bette J. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: September 2012

ScopeThe importance of folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism (FOCM) in colorectal carcinogenesis is emphasized by observations that high dietary folate intake is associated with decreased risk of colon cancer (CC) and its precursors. Additionally, polymorphisms in FOCM‐related genes have been repeatedly associated with risk, supporting a causal relationship between folate and colorectal carcinogenesis.Methods and resultsWe investigated ten candidate polymorphisms with defined or probable functional impact in eight FOCM‐related genes (SHMT1, DHFR, DNMT1, MTHFD1, MTHFR, MTRR, TCN2, and TDG) in 1609 CC cases and 1974 controls for association with CC risk and for interaction with dietary factors. No polymorphism was statistically significantly associated with overall risk of CC. However, statistically significant interactions modifying CC risk were observed for DNMT1 I311V with dietary folate, methionine, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12 intake and for MTRR I22M with dietary folate, a predefined one‐carbon dietary pattern, and vitamin B6 intake. We observed statistically significant gene‐diet interactions with five additional polymorphisms.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that FOCM‐related dietary intakes modify the association between CC risk and FOCM allelic variants. These findings add to observations showing that folate‐related gene‐nutrient interactions play an important role in modifying the risk of CC.
Bilberries reduce low‐grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kolehmainen Marjukka , Mykkänen Otto , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Leppänen Tiina , Moilanen Eeva , Adriaens Michiel , Laaksonen David E. , Hallikainen Maarit , Puupponen‐Pimiä Riitta , Pulkkinen Leena , Mykkänen Hannu , Gylling Helena , Poutanen Kaisa , Törrönen Riitta 
Published: September 2012

ScopeLow‐grade inflammation is a hallmark of cardiometabolic risk. Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are rich in polyphenols with potential anti‐inflammatory properties. We studied the impact of bilberries on inflammation and gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome.Methods and resultsIn randomized, controlled dietary intervention, the participants consumed either a diet rich in bilberries (n = 15) or a control diet (n = 12). The bilberry group consumed daily an equivalent dose of 400 g fresh bilberries, while the control group maintained their habitual diet. No differences were found between the groups in body weight, glucose, or lipid metabolism, but bilberry supplementation tended to decrease serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, IL‐6, IL‐12, and LPS concentrations. An inflammation score was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.024). In transcriptomics analyses (three participants with improved oral glucose tolerance test in the bilberry group), Toll‐like receptor signaling, cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, and B‐cell receptor signaling pathways were differently regulated. QPCR analyses (n = 13 and 11 in the bilberry and control groups, respectively) showed decreased expression of MMD and CCR2 transcripts associated with monocyte and macrophage function associated genes.ConclusionRegular bilberry consumption may reduce low‐grade inflammation indicating decreased cardiometabolic risk in the long term.
Specificity of IgE antibodies from patients allergic to goat's milk and tolerant to cow's milk determined with plasmin‐derived peptides of bovine and caprine β‐caseins
Authors: Bernard Hervé , Ah‐Leung Sandrine , Tilleul Sylvain , Drumare Marie‐Françoise , Paty Evelyne , Bidat Etienne , Wal Jean‐Michel , Hazebrouck Stéphane 
Published: September 2012

ScopeDespite a sequence homology of 90% between bovine and caprine β‐caseins (CN), IgE antibodies from patients allergic to goat's milk (GM), but tolerant to cow's milk (CM), recognize caprine β‐CN without cross‐reacting with bovine β‐CN. We investigated this lack of cross‐reactivity by evaluating the IgE‐reactivity toward peptides isolated from plasmin hydolysates of bovine and caprine β‐CN.Methods and resultsThe IgE‐binding capacity of plasmin‐derived peptides was evaluated with sera from 10 CM‐allergic patients and 12 GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients. In CM‐allergic patients, IgE reactivity of caprine fragments (f29‐107) and (f108‐207), but not (f1‐28), was similar to that of the bovine counterparts. In contrast, all bovine fragments were poorly recognized by IgE antibodies from GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients. The peptide (f29‐107) was generally the most immunoreactive fragment of caprine β‐CN. By using synthetic peptides, the immunodominant IgE‐binding epitope recognized by most GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients was located in the caprine domain 49–79.ConclusionThe restricted specificity of the IgE response toward the caprine β‐CN in GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients is mainly directed against the domain 49–79, which differs from its bovine counterpart by only three amino acid substitutions.
Clinical, histologic, and genetic features of mesothelioma in a 7‐Year‐old child
Authors: Sugalski Aaron , Davis Mary , Prasannan Latha , Saldivar Victor , Hung Jaclyn Y. , Tomlinson Gail E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is extremely rare in children. This case report documents a 7‐year‐old male without previous asbestos exposure with peritoneal MM that initially responded to chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine but ultimately metastasized to his chest. He was diagnosed with MM based on histology, extensive immunohistochemical analyses, and an elevated serum CA‐125 level. Cytogenetics and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of his tumor identified a single extra copy number of chromosome 11 with few other changes noted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 146–148. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surveillance following head, neck, and chest radiotherapy: Thyroid ultrasound monitoring for secondary thyroid malignancy
Authors: Kelly Caitlin , Rivard Linda , Salvi Sharad , Hayani Ammar , Hopkins William , O'Brien Sarah , Martin Laura , Canner Jason 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChildren who receive head, neck, or chest radiotherapy for various primary malignancies have increased risk for secondary thyroid malignancy. Thyroid nodules are difficult to identify by physical examination and/or laboratory tests. Thyroid ultrasound can detect non‐palpable nodules without adverse side effects. We performed a retrospective chart review of 36 patients who received radiotherapy and underwent thyroid ultrasound. Forty‐seven percent (n = 17) had ≥1 nodule(s) detected. Seven patients underwent thyroidectomy; four of whom were diagnosed with thyroid malignancy. Our study suggests routine use of thyroid ultrasound in high‐risk patients detects subclinical thyroid nodules and potential thyroid malignancy post‐radiotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 140–142. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BIRC5 expression is a poor prognostic marker in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Hingorani Pooja , Dickman Paul , Garcia‐Filion Pamela , White‐Collins Andrea , Kolb Edward A. , Azorsa David O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundBIRC5 (Survivin), an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), is over‐expressed in several human cancers and increased expression is associated with poor prognosis. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the role of BIRC5 in Ewing sarcoma (ES), the second most common pediatric bone sarcoma.ProcedureBIRC5 protein expression was determined in ES cell lines using Western Blot analysis. Functional role of survivin on growth and viability of ES cells was assessed by siRNA knockdown of BIRC5 and by using a small molecule inhibitor YM155. Immunohistochemical analysis for BIRC5 protein was performed on patient tumor samples using an anti‐survivin antibody. The degree of BIRC5 protein expression was correlated with clinical parameters and patient outcome.ResultsBIRC5 is over‐expressed in a panel of ES cell lines. Gene silencing of BIRC5 in the ES cell line TC‐71 decreases cell growth by more than 50% for each BIRC5 siRNA construct compared to non‐silencing siRNA control constructs. YM155 also reduces ES cell growth and viability with an EC50 ranging from 2.8 to 6.2 nM. BIRC5 protein is expressed in majority of the ES tumor samples with minimal expression in normal tissue (P < 0.005). Tumors with more than 50% expression are associated with worse overall survival than tumors with less than 50% expression (Hazard Ratio: 6.05; CI: 1.7–21.4; P = 0.04).ConclusionBIRC5 is over‐expressed in ES cell lines and tumor samples. Further, it plays an important role in cell growth and viability in vitro. Higher degree of expression in patients is an independent poor prognostic factor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 35–40. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of the contents of exomphalos and nuchal translucency at 11–14 weeks on the likelihood of associated chromosomal abnormality
Authors: Iacovella C. , Contro E. , Ghi T. , Pilu G. , Papageorghiou A. , Thilaganathan B. , Bhide A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesPrevious publications suggest that exomphalos containing the liver as less likely to be associated with aneuploidy. The objective of the study was to explore the influence of exomphalos contents and nuchal translucency (NT) on the likelihood of aneuploidy.MethodsA retrospective search was conducted to identify all cases of exomphalos from the databases of two fetal medicine units seen from September 2000 to March 2011.ResultsA total of 95 fetuses with exomphalos were selected. NT was normal in 42 fetuses (44.2%). The exomphalos content was bowel alone in 68 (71.6%). The effect of exomphalos content and NT on likelihood of aneuploidy was explored using logistic regression. It showed no significant contribution of exomphalos content on the likelihood of aneuploidy (adjusted odds ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.538 to 3.84).ConclusionsWhen the diagnosis is made in the first trimester, the risk of aneuploidy is no different when the sac contains only bowel as compared with when it contains the liver. Increase in the NT is 4–5 times as likely with an abnormal karyotype as with normal NT. Detection of exomphalos in the first trimester warrants an offer of chromosomal assessment regardless of sac contents or NT. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.