bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of surgical intervention at the level of the dorsal spinous processes on the biomechanics of the equine thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Baudisch Natalie , Singer Ellen , Jensen Katharina Charlotte , Eichler Fabienne , Meyer Henning Jürgen , Lischer Christoph , Ehrle Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical treatment options for horses with overriding dorsal spinous processes include interspinous ligament desmotomy and partial spinous process ostectomy. The impact of spinal surgery on the three‐dimensional biomechanics of the equine thoracolumbar spine and the epaxial musculature is unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of interspinous ligament desmotomy and cranial wedge ostectomy on the biomechanics of the equine thoracolumbar spine and the paraspinal Musculi multifidi.Study designEx‐vivo experiments.MethodsTwelve equine thoracolumbar spine specimens were mounted in a custom‐made mechanical test rig. Based on computed tomographic imaging, distances between dorsal spinous processes and the spinal range of motion (lateral bending, axial rotation, flexion, extension) were compared before and after desmotomy and cranial wedge ostectomy performed at two or five surgical sites. Anatomical dissection was subsequently conducted to document surgical trauma to the Musculi multifidi following desmotomy.ResultsThe distance between spinous processes in neutral position did not increase significantly after desmotomy (median preoperative = 7.2 mm, interquartile range [IQR] = 3.6 mm; median postoperative = 7.4 mm, IQR = 3.7 mm; p = 0.09), but increased significantly after ostectomy (median preoperative = 8.8 mm, IQR = 4.2 mm; median postoperative = 13 mm, IQR = 6.1 mm; p < 0.001). Both surgical procedures significantly increased the rotational spinal range of motion (p = 0.001), particularly at the level T14/T15 (median preoperative = 6.4°, IQR = 3.2°; median postoperative = 8.2°, IQR = 3.5°; increase = 28.1%; p = 0.02). Musculi multifidi injury was evident at all desmotomy sites.Main limitationsEx‐vivo study with limited sample size.ConclusionsNeither interspinous ligament desmotomy nor cranial wedge ostectomy resulted in an increased range of motion during flexion, extension or lateral bending but both procedures influenced the rotational component of the equine thoracolumbar spinal mobility.
Northeast Atlantic species distribution shifts over the last two decades
Authors: Le Luherne Emilie , Pawlowski Lionel , Robert Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarine species are widely shifting their distributions in response to global changes and it is commonly expected they will move northward and to greater depths to reach cooler, less disturbed habitats. However, local manifestations of global changes, anthropogenic pressures, and species characteristics may lead to unanticipated and varied responses by individual species. In this regard, the Celtic‐Biscay Shelf is a particularly interesting study system because it has historically been heavily fished and occurs at the interface between two distinct biogeographic provinces, its community thus comprised of species with diverse thermal preferenda. In the context of rapidly warming temperatures and intense fishery exploitation, we investigated the distribution shifts of 93 taxa (65 Actinopteri, 10 Elasmobranchii, 11 Cephalopoda, 5 Malacostraca, and 2 Bivalvia), which were sampled annually from 1997 to 2020 during a scientific bottom trawl survey. We used a set of 11 complementary spatial indices to quantify taxon distribution shifts over time. Then, we explored the relative effect of taxon abundance, fishing pressure, and climatic conditions on taxon's distribution shift when a significant shift was detected. We observed that 56% of the taxa significantly shifted. Not all taxa will necessarily shift northward and to deeper areas, as it is often expected. Two opposite patterns were identified: taxa either moving deeper and to the southeast, or moving closer to the surface and to the northwest. The main explanatory factors were climate change (short‐ and long‐term temperatures) and taxon abundance. Fishing pressure was the third, but still significant, explanatory factor of taxa of greater commercial importance. Our research highlights that taxa are displaying complex distribution shifts in response to the combined anthropogenic disturbances and underscores the need to conduct regional studies to better understand these responses at the ecosystem scale to develop more suitable management plans and policies.
Good girls? Ideal workers in online retail warehousing
Authors: Rydström Klara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOnline retailing challenges the traditional male coding of warehousing. Based upon an ethnographic study at two Swedish online retail warehouses, this article seeks to understand why certain warehouses are numerically dominated by women. Employees express that men are less focused and more careless and easily bored than women, and hence not desirable for the goods‐handling work. The warehouses extend to hard‐working women driven by the shame of doing wrong, which reflect their orientation of bodies in the direction of enhancing production and profit. Workers attribute the positive social atmosphere at the warehouses to the numerical dominance of women and the small size of the workplaces. At the one hand, the constructed sameness of (women) workers through hard work and jargon contribute to a collective identity that strengthens them. At the other hand, the binary gendering of work and workers also contribute to making the ware houses into ‘straight spaces’ (Ahmed, 2006).
Preparation of WC@graphene reinforced titanium diboride‐based composite ceramic materials fabricated via SPS
Authors: Xu Ruidong , Chen Hui , Zhang Jingjie , Xiao Guangchun , Yi Mingdong , Chen Zhaoqiang , Meng Xianglong , Xu Chonghai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiquid‐phase laser irradiation technology was utilized to synthesize graphene‐coated tungsten carbide (WC@G) core–shell composite materials with regular spherical morphology. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy revealed the evolution of WC particle microstructure from sharp edges to regular spherical shapes post‐laser irradiation. High‐resolution TEM displayed a tightly knit core–shell structure. Raman spectroscopy confirmed graphene presence through D, G, and 2D peaks. Incorporation of WC@G into a titanium diboride matrix, followed by discharge plasma sintering, yielded TiB2/WC@G composite ceramic materials. Compared to TiB2/WC/G composite ceramic materials, the WC@G core–shell structure significantly enhanced sintering performance. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved with 6 wt.% WC@G, exhibiting a relative density of 99.6%, Vickers hardness of 18.5 GPa, flexural strength of 696.9 MPa, and fracture toughness of 8.5 MPa m1/2. Characterization identified graphene detachment, pull‐out, and fracture deflection as key mechanisms enhancing toughness in TiB2/WC@G composite ceramic materials.
Sending Signals or Building Bridges? Digital Sovereignty in EU Communicative and Co‐Ordinative Discourse
Authors: Wenzelburger Georg , König Pascal D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article studies the role that ‘digital sovereignty’ performs in the EU's digital policy discourse comparing speeches by high‐level European Commission officials and Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). It indicates that the concept of digital sovereignty is not mentioned very frequently, neither in the European Parliament (EP) nor in the public statements of top EU officials. It is furthermore not closely linked to specific policy ideas, not even to the idea of promoting European values in the world as a way of openly projecting digital sovereignty outward. EP actors mainly refer to policy‐related aspects of digital sovereignty, and these show systematic affinities to parties' ideologies – primarily along an axis of economic development versus protecting personal rights – and to EP committees. Hence, digital sovereignty does not seem to mainly serve as normative idea directed at the public sphere but emerges as a common denominator to which different relevant actors within the EU decision‐making system can equally relate.
Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Li Lili , Cheng Rui , Wu Yushan , Lin Hao , Gan Huatian , Zhang Hu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing immune‐mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract with a gradually increasing global incidence and prevalence. A prolonged course of IBD leads to a decline in patient quality of life and the creation of a substantial economic burden on society. Owing to the lack of specific diagnostic markers, the diagnosis of IBD still needs a gold standard based on a combination of clinical manifestations, imaging, laboratory, and endoscopic results. Accordingly, the current goals of IBD treatment are to alleviate clinical symptoms and reduce recurrence rates. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a standard set of procedures to diagnose and treat IBD. In this review, we summarize prominent and emerging studies, outline classical and contemporary approaches to diagnosing and managing IBD, and integrate multiple guidelines. Furthermore, we propose the possibility of establishing an early and comprehensive diagnostic workflow and personalized management strategy in the future. We aim to enhance the quality and standardization of diagnostic and treatment procedures for IBD.
Is sleep affected after microgravity and hypergravity exposure? A pilot study
Authors: Le Roy Barbara , Jouvencel Aurore , Friedl‐Werner Anika , Renel Ludmila , Cherchali Youcef , Osseiran Raouf , Sanz‐Arigita Ernesto , Cazalets Jean‐René , Guillaud Etienne , Altena Ellemarije 
Published: June 2024

SummarySleep is known to be affected in space travel and in residents of the international space station. But little is known about the direct effects of gravity changes on sleep, if other factors, such as sleep conditions, are kept constant. Here, as a first exploration, we investigated sleep before and after exposure to short bouts of microgravity and hypergravity during parabolic flights. Sleep was measured through actigraphy and self‐report questionnaires in 20 healthy men and women before and after parabolic flight. Higher sleep fragmentation and more awakenings were found in the night after the flight as compared with the night before, which was discrepant from participants' reports showing better and longer sleep after the parabolic flight. Variable levels of experience with parabolic flights did not affect the results, nor did levels of scopolamine, a medication typically taken against motion sickness. Pre‐existing sleep problems were related to sleep fragmentation and wake after sleep onset by a quadratic function such that participants with more sleep problems showed lower levels of sleep fragmentation and nighttime awakenings than those with few sleep problems. These novel findings, though preliminary, have important implications for future research, directed at prevention and treatment of sleep problems and their daytime consequences in situations of altered gravity, and possibly in the context of other daytime vestibular challenges as well.
Insights into degradation and targeting of the photoreceptor channelrhodopsin‐1
Authors: Wolfram Michaela , Greif Arne , Baidukova Olga , Voll Hildegard , Tauber Sandra , Lindacher Jana , Hegemann Peter , Kreimer Georg 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Chlamydomonas, the directly light‐gated, plasma membrane‐localized cation channels channelrhodopsins ChR1 and ChR2 are the primary photoreceptors for phototaxis. Their targeting and abundance is essential for optimal movement responses. However, our knowledge how Chlamydomonas achieves this is still at its infancy. Here we show that ChR1 internalization occurs via light‐stimulated endocytosis. Prior or during endocytosis ChR1 is modified and forms high molecular mass complexes. These are the solely detectable ChR1 forms in extracellular vesicles and their abundance therein dynamically changes upon illumination. The ChR1‐containing extracellular vesicles are secreted via the plasma membrane and/or the ciliary base. In line with this, ciliogenesis mutants exhibit increased ChR1 degradation rates. Further, we establish involvement of the cysteine protease CEP1, a member of the papain‐type C1A subfamily. ΔCEP1‐knockout strains lack light‐induced ChR1 degradation, whereas ChR2 degradation was unaffected. Low light stimulates CEP1 expression, which is regulated via phototropin, a SPA1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and cyclic AMP. Further, mutant and inhibitor analyses revealed involvement of the small GTPase ARL11 and SUMOylation in ChR1 targeting to the eyespot and cilia. Our study thus defines the degradation pathway of this central photoreceptor of Chlamydomonas and identifies novel elements involved in its homoeostasis and targeting.
Virtue and its moral psychology
Authors: Sreenivasan Gopal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEmotion and virtue (2020) defends positions about virtue on two adjacent expanses of philosophical terrain. One is a matter of moral psychology, while the other concerns the theory of virtue. My primary thesis identifies a central role for emotion in the psychological constitution of exemplars of virtue. In this symposium, four outstanding commentators take turns examining some of the theses defended in the book. Roger Crisp and Julia Driver both seek to rehabilitate ‘black box’ theories of virtue, which marginalise the role of emotion. Black box theories are my opponents in moral psychology. Marco Rossi focuses on a core component of my defence, arguing that my distillation of existing theories of emotion is more controversial than I suppose. Finally, Justin D’Arms diagnoses a tension between two Aristotelian ideas he finds at work in my defence. While he is attracted to both ideas, he thinks the tension between them is problematic for my fundamental claim about the role of emotion in virtue. It is a real privilege to have been offered such a rich set of comments to engage.
Revealing the ESIPT process in benzoxazole fluorophores within polymeric matrices through theory and experiment
Authors: Duarte Luís Gustavo Teixeira Alves , Moraes Emmanuel Santos , Wakabayashi Priscila Sayoko Silva , da Luz Lilian Camargo , Cercená Rodrigo , Zapp Eduardo , Atvars Teresa Dib Zambon , Dal‐Bó Alexandre Gonçalves , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe impact of the polymeric matrix on the photophysical characteristics of monomeric dyes responsive to excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was investigated through UV–Vis absorption as well as steady‐state and time‐resolved emission spectroscopies. For this purpose, two benzoxazole monomers (M1 and M2) with acryloyl groups at different positions in their molecular structures were employed to facilitate covalent bonding within a styrene chain. Our findings reveal significant variations in their excited‐state properties due to the proximity of the acryloyl groups, which affects the energy barrier of the ESIPT reaction, the emission wavelength, and the balance between the normal and tautomeric forms. The experimental results were corroborated through theoretical investigations at the DFT/TDDFT level, specifically using the B3LYP‐D3/def2‐TZVP methodology. Three notable observations emerged: donor/acceptor groups at the meta/para positions induced electron distribution changes, causing red‐shifted emission for M2; in the polymer film, particularly in PM1, intramolecular hydrogen bond deactivation favored N* emission over T* emission; and the zwitterionic character of the T* species. This study underscores the advantages of functionalization in polymers, which can lead to colorless films and prevalent N* or T* emission, and contributes valuable insights into molecular design strategies for tailoring the photophysical properties of polymeric materials.
The use of patient‐related outcomes (PRO) and experience (PRE) in assessing the periodontal and implant patient
Authors: Arunyanak Sirikarn P. , Kungsadalpipob Kajorn , Wright Kyle E. , Subbalekha Keskanya , Dragan Irina , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence with regard to behavioral and psychosocial assessment of the periodontitis patient, the candidate for implant therapy, and the peri‐implantitis patient. Periodontitis has an adverse effect on quality of life and its treatment can lead to significant improvements experienced by the patient. The latter is true for rehabilitation with dental implants, although patients harbor diverse expectations and perceptions of implant therapy, which can often interfere with satisfaction and/or influence long‐term success. A thorough behavioral assessment of the candidate for implant therapy is essential, which should include, perceptions, expectations, as well as risk for behavioral disorders. Remedial action is essential to correct misperceptions and any identified risks. Finally, patients have limited awareness of limited ability to identify signs of peri‐implantitis. The diagnosis of peri‐implantitis can be a cause of significant distress, resentment, and loss of trust to the treatment and the caregivers. Despite documented value in clinical research, currently available instruments assessing patient‐reported outcomes have little application in day‐to‐day clinical practice. Face‐to‐face patient to doctor open‐ended communication remains the most effective way to comprehensively establish the long‐term “therapeutic alliance” essential for the long journey for the periodontitis patient.
Myriocin enhances the clearance of
M. tuberculosis
by macrophages through the activation of PLIN2
Authors: Zhang Ximeng , Ding Guanggui , Yang Xirui , Lu Hailin , Xu Yuzhong , Hu Yunlong , Liu Song , Zhang Huihua , Huang Kaisong , Deng Guofang , Ye Taosheng , Yu Qing , Cai Yi , Xie Shuixiang , Wang Wenfei , Chen Xinchun 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Myriocin is an inhibitor of
de novo
synthesis of sphingolipids and ceramides. In this research, we showed myriocin could significantly reduce Mtb burden and histopathological inflammation in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RNA-seq analysis revealed a significant increase in gene expression of PLIN2/CD36/CERT1 after myriocin treatment. The reduced bactericidal burden was only reversed after silencing the lipid droplets (LDs) surface protein PLIN2. This suggests that myriocin enhances the ability of macrophages to clear Mtb depending on the PLIN2 gene, which is part of the PPARγ pathway. Indeed, we observed a significant increase in the number of LDs following myriocin treatment.

IMPORTANCE

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
has the ability to reprogram host cell lipid metabolism and alter the antimicrobial functions of infected macrophages. The sphingolipids, such as ceramides, are the primary host lipids utilized by the bacteria, making the sphingomyelinase/ceramide system critical in Mtb infections. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial effect of myriocin was found to be independent of its role in reducing ceramides, but instead, it depends on the lipid droplets surface protein PLIN2. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for how myriocin enhances Mtb clearance in macrophages.
Utility of an online well-being assessment in targeting employee well-being programmes: a cross-sectional survey study in Finland
Authors: Kauppi Krista , Borg Patrik , Roos Eira , Torkki Paulus , Korpela Katri 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesOccupational health challenges are changing, emphasising the need for a more comprehensive approach. This study examines how a subjective well-being assessment can be used to identify target groups for work well-being interventions and brings insight into how survey-based well-being evaluations are linked to clinical health indicators (ie, anthropometric measurements and blood tests).DesignA cross-sectional survey study using results from the Virta1 randomised controlled trial and a third-party well-being questionnaire database.Setting and participantsOnline well-being survey data from 2990 respondents was used to identify target groups for work well-being interventions and clinical health indicator data from 713 respondents was used to examine how subjective evaluations are linked to physical health.ResultsWe identified five groups of employees with different well-being challenges and presenteeism levels:Good well-being,Hard on oneself,Lifestyle challenges,Recovery challenges andMultiple challenges. The subjective evaluations correlated with clinical health indicators, showing that the well-being groups differed significantly in their average clinical health profiles. Especially people in theMultiple challengesgroup had multiple physical health challenges, while people in theGood well-beingandHard on oneselfgroups did not.ConclusionsOur results show that a subjective well-being assessment can identify different groups with distinct characteristics and health risks and that subjective evaluations of well-being correlate strongly with physical health. Online well-being assessment offers potentially a cost-effective way for occupational health providers to screen large populations to target physical health examinations to groups that need them the most and simultaneously get a better understanding of their well-being needs.
Use of computer simulation to identify effects on hospital census with reduction of transfers for non-procedural patients in community hospitals
Authors: Walker Laura , Kohler Katharina , Jankowski Matthew , Huschka Todd 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveIn-person healthcare delivery is rapidly changing with a shifting employment landscape and technological advances. Opportunities to care for patients in more efficient ways include leveraging technology and focusing on caring for patients in the right place at the right time. We aim to use computer modelling to understand the impact of interventions, such as virtual consultation, on hospital census for referring and referral centres if non-procedural patients are cared for locally rather than transferred.Patients and methodsWe created computer modelling based on 25 138 hospital transfers between June 2019 and June 2022 with patients originating at one of 17 community-based hospitals and a regional or academic referral centre receiving them. We identified patients that likely could have been cared for at a community facility, with attention to hospital internal medicine and cardiology patients. The model was run for 33 500 days.ResultsApproximately 121 beds/day were occupied by transferred patients at the academic centre, and on average, approximately 17 beds/day were used for hospital internal medicine and nine beds/day for non-procedural cardiology patients. Typical census for all internal medicine beds is approximately 175 and for cardiology is approximately 70.ConclusionDeferring transfers for patients in favour of local hospitalisation would increase the availability of beds for complex care at the referral centre. Potential downstream effects also include increased patient satisfaction due to proximity to home and viability of the local hospital system/economy, and decreased resource utilisation for transfer systems.