bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiata Pine Bark Removal Associated with Two On-Landing Log-Processing Methods
Authors: Murphy Glen , Logan Oliver 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Bark accounts for about 9 percent of the weight of the boles of mature radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) trees. The presence of bark can be considered as either a cost or benefit depending on the participant in the forest-to-customer supply chain. Understanding how much bark is lost or removed by different processing methods should help with managing bark quantities and with the design of harvesting systems and equipment.
Bark loss was measured in autumn in New Zealand on radiata pine logs processed using two methods; delimbing and bucking with a mechanized, dangle-head processor fitted with spiked rollers, and delimbing with a static, pull-through delimber and manual bucking using a chainsaw. The line intersect method and photographic images were used to measure areal bark loss on a total of 302 logs. Equal numbers of logs were measured for each log-processing method.
No difference in bark removal was found between methods for log grades cut from the lower portion of the stem. However, there were significant differences for grades cut from the upper portion of the stem. For the total stem, bark removal was greater with the mechanized processor method (75%) than with the static delimber and manual bucking method (48%).
Is the impact factor the only game in town?
Authors: Smart P 
Published: August 2015

“Not everything that can be counted counts. Not everything that counts can be counted.” William Bruce Cameron Journal metrics mania started over 50 years ago with the impact factor that has since become so well entrenched in publishing. Ask anyone where they would like to publish their research and most will reply by saying in a journal with the highest impact factor. While this suggests quality and a degree of vetting by the scientific community, the impact factor has also been used to benchmark and compare journals. Impact factors are often used as a proxy of a journal 's quality and scientific prestige. However, is medicine dependent on a valuation system that may be grounded in falsity? Much about this measure is imperfect and destructive. Journals can manipulate the impact factor by refusing to publish articles like case reports that are unlikely to be cited or, conversely, by publishing a large proportion of review articles, which tend to attract more citations. Another tactic that may be used is to publish articles that could be highly cited early in the year, thereby leaving more time to collect citations. Many use the impact factor as an important determinant of grants, awards, promotions and career advancement, and also as a basis for an individual's reputation and professional standing. Nevertheless, you should remember that the impact factor is not a measure of an individual article, let alone an individual scientist. As long as an article has been cited, the citation will contribute to the journal's impact factor. This is regardless of whether the article's premise is true or false, or whether the cited paper was being credited or criticised. Perversely, a weak paper that is being refuted will augment the impact factor, as will a retracted article, because although the article may have been retracted, the citations of this article will still count. The impact factor has weathered many storms in the past but criticisms against it are increasing, as is interest in displacing it as a single metric used to measure an article's influence. Many would like the scientific community to assess research on its merits rather than on the basis of the journal in which it is published. With the advent of social media, an article can now be commented on in real time with Tweets, bookmarks and blogs. In future, these measures will complement the impact factor but they will probably not become an alternative. Despite its imperfections, the impact factor has been around for a long time. As yet, although many alternative metrics have since emerged, nothing better is available. Perhaps it is the scientific community's misuse of the impact factor that is the problem and not the impact factor itself? In this article, Pippa Smart, who is the guest editor for this series, writes about the ways to measure the impact of a journal and published articles. JYOTI SHAH Commissioning Editor
Putting the case for building a bridge between drama and citizenship education
Authors: Ikeno Norio , Fukazawa Hiroaki , Watanabe Jun , Elliott Victoria , Shawyer Catherine , Olive Sarah , Olive Sarah , Davies Ian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We discuss the connections between drama education and citizenship education in Japan and England. This discussion is developed in the context of collaboration among colleagues in two countries. We provide some background information about the nature of education in Japan and England, exploring relevant policy and professional initiatives. We discuss three areas of possible congruence between activity-based drama and citizenship education: the importance of public spaces, the use of specific forms of content and educational processes. We suggest that there is potential for fruitful further exploration of the connections between these areas.
Reconstructing Hong Kong’s civic education in the postnational education era: Rethinking about conceptual, curricular and pedagogical matters
Authors: Chong Eric K.M , Yuen Timothy W. W , Leung Y.W 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article argues for reconstructing Hong Kong’s civic education in the post-national education era, and puts forward some rethinking on conceptual, curricular and pedagogical matters. This article starts with a brief critical review of the development of school civic education in Hong Kong to set the context. This is followed by a discussion of the MNE controversy. It points out that the shelving of the mandatory subject and reversion to depoliticized school-based civic education is inadequate to address the needs of civic education in Hong Kong. Finally, this article argues in favour of the type of civic education that aims at cultivating politically literate, critically thinking and actively participating citizens, with particular reference to the Civic Education Guidelines from Civil Society. This set of unofficial Guidelines proposes that Hong Kong’s civic education has to be reconstructed both in conceptual, curricular and pedagogical terms accordingly. Hopefully, this article will shed light on the development of civic education in societies that are facing similar challenges in the process of democratization and an upheaval of civic consciousness of the citizenry.
Hong Kong teachers’ receptivity towards civic education
Authors: Wong Koon Lin , Lee Chi Kin John , Kennedy Kerry John , Chan Jacqueline Kin-sang 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This study investigates Hong Kong primary teachers’ perceptions of moral, civic and national education, which may have an impact on how they prepare students to become ‘good citizens’ through classroom instruction. Moral and Civic Education (MCE) has been an overall goal of Hong Kong’s education system since 2001, while Moral and National Education (MNE) was proposed as a new subject in an effort to introduce a patriotic agenda in 2011. Teachers play essential roles in nurturing students to become ‘good citizens’ because they are the key figures in implementing education and curriculum policies in schools. Therefore, gaining a greater understanding of teachers’ perceptions of MNE provides insights into the extent to which teachers are prepared to contribute to the patriotic agenda as part of a revamped civic education curriculum. While there are complex factors affecting teachers’ receptivity to curriculum change, an understanding of factors that influence teachers’ perceptions of patriotic education could be valuable for school stakeholders (such as policymakers, educators and researchers), not only in Hong Kong but in other places (such as the United States and the United Kingdom), when they consider what can be done to influence students’ attitudes towards citizenship. Utilizing pilot data, this study reports Hong Kong teachers’ attitudes towards patriotic education through the proposed new school subject of MNE. The findings indicate that ‘perceived others’ support’, ‘perceived concerns of MNE’ and ‘non-monetary cost-benefits’ were the significant predictors of teacher receptivity of MNE. The results suggest that when teachers had concerns about patriotic education, they were less likely to support its implementation, while if they had the support of others they were more likely to support implementation of MNE. More importantly, teachers who perceived that patriotic education can cultivate more well-rounded students were more likely to support the implementation of MNE.
Material design self- efficacy belief scale: a validity and reliability study<p>Materyal tasarımı öz-yeterlik inancı ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması
Authors: Bakaç Ebru , Özen Raşit 
Published: August 2015

<p>The aim of this study is to develop a scale which will be used to determine preservice teachers’ material design self-efficacy beliefs. Draft scale consist of 74 items created as a result of the examination of Education Faculty curriculum and Instructional Technologies and Material Design course books were presented to the fifteen measurement and evaluation, computer and instructional technologies and curriculum development field experts opinions. Draft scale is reduced to 53 items according to field experts opinions. The participants of the study were 300 preservice teachers who were studying at Abant Izzet Baysal University in academic year 2013-2014. Participants were selected by using random sampling method. The construct validity of scale was tested by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and a three-factor structure scale which accounts of 48% of total variance was reached. As a result of factor and item analysis, a 25 item-final scale was obtained. The cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0,92. Those results show that this scale can be used as an appropriate measurement tool to preservice teachers’ material design self-efficacy beliefs.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının materyal tasarımı öz-yeterlik inanç düzeylerini belirlemek için kullanılacak bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Eğitim Fakültesi öğretim programları ile Öğretim Teknolojileri ve Materyal Tasarımı ders kitaplarının incelenmesi sonucu oluşturulan 74 maddelik taslak ölçme aracı ölçme ve değerlendirme, bilgisayar ve öğretim teknolojileri ile program geliştirme alanlarında çalışan on beş uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuştur. Alan uzmanlarının görüşü sonucu taslak ölçeğin madde sayısı 53 olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2013-2014 eğitim–öğretim yılında Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören ve ÖTMT dersini daha önce almış olan 300 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur.<strong> </strong>Katılımcılar tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılarak test edilmiş ve toplam varyansın % 48’ini açıklayan üç boyutlu bir yapıya ulaşılmıştır. Faktör analizleri ve madde analizleri sonucunda 25 maddelik nihai ölçek elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin Cronbach-Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar ölçeğin öğretmen adaylarının materyal tasarlamaya yönelik öz-yeterlik inançlarının ölçülmesi için uygun bir ölçme aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.</p>
Design of reversible logic circuits using quantum dot cellular automata-based system
Authors: Purkayastha Tamoghna , Chattopadhyay Tanay , De Debashis 
Published: September 2015

AbstractShrinking transistor sizes and power dissipation are the major barriers in the development of future computational circuits. At least when the transistor size approaches the atomic scale, duplication of transistor density according to Moore’s law will not be possible. Physical limits, like quantum effects and nondeterministic behavior of small currents, and technological limits, such as high power consumption and design complexity, may hold back the future program of microelectronic conventional circuit scaling. Hence, an alternative technology is required for future design. Quantum dot-cellular automata (QCA) is a transistor-less, very promising nanotechnology that can be used to build nanocircuits. The conventional computer is an irreversible one; i.e. once a logic block generates the output bits, the input bits are lost. A possible solution is reversible computing, where no bit is lost during computation. Hence, logically reversible circuit can consume less energy than any conventional circuit. In this paper, a brief review on evolution of the QCA in reversible computing is discussed. Various reversible gates that are designed using QCA technology as well as the modification of those designs that are made in latter works are highlighted.
Biochemical and clinical benefits of unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with subclinical hypercortisolism and bilateral adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Perogamvros I , Vassiliadi D A , Karapanou O , Botoula E , Tzanela M , Tsagarakis S 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThe treatment of subclinical hypercortisolism in patients with bilateral adrenal incidentalomas (AI) is debatable. We aimed to compare the biochemical and clinical outcome of unilateral adrenalectomy vs a conservative approach in these patients.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe study included 33 patients with bilateral AI; 14 patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy of the largest lesion (surgical group), whereas 19 patients were followed up (follow-up group). At baseline and at each follow-up visit, we measured 0800 h plasma ACTH, midnight serum cortisol (MSF), 24-h urinary-free cortisol (UFC) and serum cortisol following a standard 2-day low-dose-dexamethasone-suppression test (LDDST). We evaluated the following comorbidities: arterial hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and osteoporosis.ResultsBaseline demographic, clinical characteristics and the duration of follow-up (53.9±21.3 vs 51.8±20.1 months, for the surgical vs the follow-up group) were similar between groups. At the last follow-up visit the surgical group had a significant reduction in post-LDDST cortisol (2.4±1.6 vs 6.7±3.9 μg/dl,P=0.002), MSF (4.3±2 vs 8.8±4.6 μg/dl,P=0.006) and 24-h UFC (50.1±21.1 vs 117.9±42.4 μg/24 h,P=0.0007) and a significant rise in mean±s.d.morning plasma ACTH levels (22.2±9.6 vs 6.9±4.8 pg/ml,P=0.002). Improvement in co-morbidities was seen only in the surgical group, whereas no changes were noted in the follow-up group.ConclusionsOur early results show that removal of the largest lesion offers significant improvement both to cortisol excess and its metabolic consequences, without the debilitating effects of bilateral adrenalectomy. A larger number of patients, as well as a longer follow-up, are required before drawing solid conclusions.
Efecto del aceite residual de vehículos motorizados en los factores físicos mecánicos del suelo arcilloso
Authors: Huaquisto Cáceres Samuel 
Published: August 2015

<p>El hidrocarburo residual impacta en suelos donde se ubican talleres de mantenimiento de vehículos y plantas de procesamiento de áridos, siendo útil aplicarlo a la estabilización de suelos para obras de ingeniería. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto que ocasiona el aceite residual de vehículos motorizados en los factores físico mecánicos del suelo. Para tal fin se procedió al mezclado de muestras de suelo con aceite residual, en las proporciones de 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% y 10%. Los resultados indican una disminución, desde el 0% al 10% de aceite, de los índices de plasticidad de 15.89% a 3.64%, de la densidad seca máxima de 1.96 g/cm<sup>3</sup> a 1.77 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, del contenido de humedad óptimo de 10.6% a 5.8% y de la permeabilidad de 1.18*10<sup>-3</sup> cm/s a 9.86*10<sup>-5</sup> cm/s. La resistencia a compresión simple aumenta hasta 7.61 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> en un rango del 2% al 4%, más allá del 4% tiende a disminuir; también se observa una disminución de la cohesión de 0.34 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> a 0.16 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>; pero en el rango de 2% a 4% aumenta a 0.44 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, el ángulo de fricción interna aumenta inicialmente de 9.52° al 0% a 13.12° al 4% de aceite residual luego de este valor se observa un decremento no existiendo correlación. Por consiguiente, existe una correlación inversa entre el contenido de aceite residual y los factores físico mecánicos del suelo, exceptuando al ángulo de fricción interna, considerándose adecuado su utilización del 2% al 4% para estabilizaciones de suelos.</p>
Efecto de la germinación y cocción en las propiedades nutricionales de tres variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quínoa Willd.)
Authors: Valenzuela Antezana Ricardo Nahuel , Mita Ticona Giovanni , Zapana Yucra Franklyn Elard , Quilla Cayllahua David , Miranda Alejo Rufo , Mita Churqui Ulrich Jhersy 
Published: August 2015

<p>Se realizó un trabajo conjunto entre AOPEB de Bolivia, COOPAIN – Cabana y la E.P. de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. Mediante la técnica de análisis de nutrientes A.O.A.C., se estudió el efecto de la germinación y cocción en las propiedades nutricionales de tres variedades de quinua (<em>Chenopodium quinoa Willd.</em>), el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el incremento o decremento de las propiedades nutricionales por causa de la germinación y cocción; se diseñó un experimento completamente al azar de un bloque (Variedades) con tres niveles (Salcedo INIA, Pasankalla y Negra Collana); y con dos tratamientos: cocción (86 °C por un tiempo de 15 minutos) y germinación (48 horas a 20 °C), se seleccionaron al azar 300g quinua escarificada por variedad, las cuales fueron remojadas, coccionadas y germinadas; luego se realizó el análisis nutricional. Se pudo observar que la variedad Salcedo INIA incrementa significativamente solo su contenido de carbohidratos por causa de la cocción y germinación, la variedad Pasankalla no presenta variaciones significativas en su contenido nutricional a diferencia de la variedad Negra Collana que es la variedad con más efectos positivos en su contenido nutricional incrementando significativamente cenizas y proteínas por efecto de la germinación y en menor medida de la cocción. Con estos resultados AOPEB y COOPAIN-Cabana evaluarán el desarrollo de nuevos productos de quinua y mejoras en su procesamiento de este grano.</p>
Efecto antibacteriano sobre el Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175) y perfil de compuestos fenólicos de la manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) cultivada en Puno.
Authors: Talavera Apaza Mirelia Janeth 
Published: August 2015

<p>Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron caracterizar el perfil de compuestos fenólicos del extracto y la infusión de manzanilla por cromatografía liquida de alta performancia (HPLC-DAD) y evaluar el efecto antibacteriano de la infusión de manzanilla sobre el <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (ATCC 25175), utilizando el test de difusión en disco. Los principales compuestos fenólicos encontrados corresponden a los flavonoides, seguidos por los ácidos fenólicos. El contenido total de compuestos fenólicos en el extracto y en la infusión fueron 37,51 y 26. 95 mg/g de peso seco (PS), respectivamente. El extracto de manzanilla presentó mayor contenido de flavonoides comparado con la infusión (21.72 y 15.8 mg/g PS, respectivamente), y mayor contenido de ácidos fenólicos (17.08 y 9.87 mg/g PS, respectivamente). Los derivados de flavonoides detectados fueron apigenina, quercitina, catequina y luteolina y los derivados de ácidos fenólicos fueron p-cumarico y cafeico. La apigenina, fue el mayor compuesto fenólico presente en ambos productos de la manzanilla (12.41 y 10.01 mg/g PS). El contenido de compuestos fenólicos presentes en ambos productos no fue significativamente diferente (p&gt;0.01). La infusión no mostro actividad antibacteriana sobre el <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> lo que podría indicar que los compuestos fenólicos responsables de estas propiedades, no están en concentraciones adecuadas. Se sugiere realizar estudios en infusiones de manzanilla con mayores concentraciones. En conclusión, el perfil de compuestos fenólicos de ambos productos de manzanilla fue ligeramente diferente. El mayor compuesto fenólico presente corresponde a los flavonoides. La manzanilla es una rica fuente de compuestos fenólicos con importantes propiedades medicinales.</p>
Caracterización morfológica índices corporales de llamas (Lama glama) Ch’acu y k’ara de la puna húmeda de la Región Puno
Authors: Quispe Coaquira Jesús , Apaza Zúñiga Edgar , Ibáñez Quispe Vladimiro , Villalta Ticona Roger , Calsín Calsín Bilo , Vilca Castro Clemente 
Published: August 2015

<p>Las crecientes necesidades que generan el cambio y el desarrollo del mundo actual, plantean desafíos a quienes tienen la responsabilidad de ofrecer un mundo con posibilidades a las generaciones venideras; en este contexto, es imperativo aprovechar un recurso genético animal marginado: La Llama (<em>Lama glama</em>), especie con definidas potencialidades productivas, a objeto de su conservación y uso sostenible. Se determinó medidas zoométricas, índices corporales y coeficientes de correlación entre las diferentes medidas, recurriendo a métodos establecidos para su determinación en otras especies de animales domésticos, para ello se usó 288 Llamas del CIP “La Raya” distribuidos por raza, sexo y edad. Se determinó que el PECO de las llamas <em>K’ara</em> es mayor que en las <em>Ch’aco</em>, las <em>K’ara</em> muestran mayor alzada que las <em>Ch’acu</em>, se evidencia un dimorfismo sexual tardío en PECO a favor de los machos en ambas razas. Todas las medidas zoométricas, longitudinales y perimetrales, son mayores en Llamas de la raza <em>K’ara</em>, respecto de las <em>Ch’acu</em>, de manera similar, se evidencia que éstas son mayores en llamas del sexo macho respecto de las hembras, las que se hacen más manifiestos tardíamente. Todos los índices corporales en ambas razas se consideran tener un valor similar, excepto el ICOM que es mayor en llamas <em>K’ara</em>, los machos muestran mayores índices que las hembras, excepto para el ICOP. Las correlaciones fenotípicas, en general, fueron positivas, y clasificadas desde regular hasta excelente. </p>