bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is a Firm’s Life Expectancy? Empirical Evidence in the Context of Portuguese Companies
Authors: Reis Pedro Nogueira , Augusto Mário Gomes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt isa fact that the uncertainty about a firm’s future has to be measured and incorporated into a company’s valuation throughout the explicit analysis period – in the continuing or terminal value within valuation models. One of the concerns that can influence the continuing value of enterprises, which is not explicitly considered in traditional valuation models, is a firm’s average life expectancy. Although the literature has studied the life cycle of a firm, there is still a considerable lack of references on this topic. If we ignore the period during which a company has the ability to produce future cash flows, the valuations can fall into irreversible errors, leading to results markedly different from market values. This paper aims to provide a contribution in this area. Its main objective is to construct a mortality table for non-listed Portuguese enterprises, showing that the use of a terminal value through a mathematical expression of perpetuity of free cash flows is not adequate. We provide the use of an appropriate coefficient to perceive the number of years in which the company will continue to operate until its theoretical extinction. If well addressed regarding valuation models, this issue can be used to reduce or even to eliminate one of the main problems that cause distortions in contemporary enterprise valuation models: the premise of an enterprise’s unlimited existence in time. Besides studying the companies involved in it, from their existence to their demise, our study intends to push knowledge forward by providing a consistent life and mortality expectancy table for each age of the company, presenting models with an explicitly and different survival rate for each year. Moreover, we show that, after reaching a certain age, firms can reinvent their business, acquiring maturity and consequently postponing their mortality through an additional life period.
How ‘person’ got into focus: Grammaticalization of clefts in Lingala and Kikongo areas
Authors: van der Wal Jenneke , Maniacky Jacky 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn several Bantu languages in the regions where Kikongo and Lingala are spoken, we encounter sentences where the word ‘person’ can appear after the subject of a canonical SVO sentence, resulting in a focused interpretation of the subject. Synchronically, we analyze this as a monoclausal focus construction with moto ‘person’ as a focus marker. Diachronically, we argue, the construction derives from a biclausal cleft, where moto functioned as the head noun of the relative clause. This is a crosslinguistically rare but plausible development. The different languages studied in this paper show variation in the properties indicative of the status of the ‘moto construction’, which reflects the different stages of grammaticalization. Finally, we show how contact-induced grammaticalization is a likely factor in the development of moto as a focus marker.
Semantic profiles of antonymic adjectives in discourse
Authors: Paradis Carita , Löhndorf Simone , van de Weijer Joost , Willners Caroline 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study has two goals: First, to give an account of the semantic organization of individually used antonymic adjectives in discourse and second, based on those findings and previous work on antonymic meanings, to contribute to a comprehensive theoretical account of their representation within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics. The hypothesis is that the members of the pairs are used in the same contexts and in the same type of constructions, not only when they co-occur and are used to express binary opposition as shown in previous studies, but also when they do not. The manually coded corpus data from the BNC are analyzed along four semantic parameters: (i) the configuration of the adjectives in terms of gradability, (ii) the way they modify the nominal meanings, i.e., attributively or predicatively (iii) the meaning type of the modified nouns, and (iv) the status of the constructions with respect to whether their meanings are what we refer to as “basic”, metaphorical or metonymical. Correspondence analysis technique is used to identify similarities and differences on the basis of the totality of the data. As predicted, our findings confirm a high degree of pairwise similarity – but also some differences. On the basis of these results, it can be argued that the long-standing controversy within Structuralism between proponents of the co-occurrence hypothesis and the substitutability hypothesis in antonym research is a non-issue.
Relative annihilator-preserving congruence
relations and relative annihilator-preserving
homomorphisms in bounded distributive
semilattices
Authors: Celani Sergio A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper we shall study a notion of relative annihilator-preserving congruence relation and relative
annihilator-preserving homomorphism in the class of bounded distributive semilattices. We shall give a topological
characterization of this class of semilattice homomorphisms. We shall prove that the semilattice congruences that
are associated with filters are exactly the relative annihilator-preserving congruence relations.
New SOR-like methods for solving
the Sylvester equation
Authors: Kierzkowski Jakub 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We present new iterative methods for solving the Sylvester equation belonging to the class of SOR-like
methods, based on the SOR (Successive Over-Relaxation) method for solving linear systems. We discuss convergence
characteristics of the methods. Numerical experimentation results are included, illustrating the theoretical
results and some other noteworthy properties of the Methods.
Interaction simulation and experimental physico-mechanical analysis of distinct polarity blends of polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Sin Lee Tin , Bee Soo-Tueen , Ang Rui-Ren , Tee Tiam-Ting , Phang Siew-Wei , Rahmat Abdul R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the interaction of distinct polarity polymer blends of polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulation were employed to determine the stability of polyethylene and PVOH complexes. It was found that the binding energies ΔE for all complexes of polyethylene and PVOH are negative values indicating that the interactions between both components are favorable to achieve a lower energy hierarchy. Such interactions are induced by the high polarity hydroxyl groups of PVOH which caused weak distortion to the dipole moment of inherently non-polar polyethylene. Furthermore, the molecular simulation results were compared with tensile strength, X-ray diffraction and morphology analyses. Tensile strength analysis revealed there was a reduction of magnitude for varying PVOH before achieving a maximum value. Adding small quantities of PVOH in polyethylene as the different polar elements would affect the ordered structure within the blends. Nevertheless, the reduction is insignificant due to the polarity of PVOH which has a slightly distorted polar network of polyethylene. The addition of PVOH (5–15 parts per hundred) into a polyethylene matrix has significantly reduced the crystallinity of the polyethylene matrix by disturbing the highly ordered arrangement structures.
ROCK1 is a potential combinatorial drug target for BRAF mutant melanoma
Authors: Smit Marjon A , Maddalo Gianluca , Greig Kylie , Raaijmakers Linsey M , Possik Patricia A , van Breukelen Bas , Cappadona Salvatore , Heck Albert JR , Altelaar AF Maarten , Peeper Daniel S 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTreatment of BRAF mutant melanomas with specific BRAF inhibitors leads to tumor remission. However, most patients eventually relapse due to drug resistance. Therefore, we designed an integrated strategy using (phospho)proteomic and functional genomic platforms to identify drug targets whose inhibition sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAF inhibition. We found many proteins to be induced upon PLX4720 (BRAF inhibitor) treatment that are known to be involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance, including FOXD3 and ErbB3. Several proteins were down‐regulated, including Rnd3, a negative regulator of ROCK1 kinase. For our genomic approach, we performed two parallel shRNA screens using a kinome library to identify genes whose inhibition sensitizes to BRAF or ERK inhibitor treatment. By integrating our functional genomic and (phospho)proteomic data, we identified ROCK1 as a potential drug target for BRAF mutant melanoma. ROCK1 silencing increased melanoma cell elimination when combined with BRAF or ERK inhibitor treatment. Translating this to a preclinical setting, a ROCK inhibitor showed augmented melanoma cell death upon BRAF or ERK inhibition in vitro. These data merit exploration of ROCK1 as a target in combination with current BRAF mutant melanoma therapies.
Causal signals between codon bias, mRNA structure, and the efficiency of translation and elongation
Authors: Pop Cristina , Rouskin Silvi , Ingolia Nicholas T , Han Lu , Phizicky Eric M , Weissman Jonathan S , Koller Daphne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRibosome profiling data report on the distribution of translating ribosomes, at steady‐state, with codon‐level resolution. We present a robust method to extract codon translation rates and protein synthesis rates from these data, and identify causal features associated with elongation and translation efficiency in physiological conditions in yeast. We show that neither elongation rate nor translational efficiency is improved by experimental manipulation of the abundance or body sequence of the rare AGG tRNA. Deletion of three of the four copies of the heavily used ACA tRNA shows a modest efficiency decrease that could be explained by other rate‐reducing signals at gene start. This suggests that correlation between codon bias and efficiency arises as selection for codons to utilize translation machinery efficiently in highly translated genes. We also show a correlation between efficiency and RNA structure calculated both computationally and from recent structure probing data, as well as the Kozak initiation motif, which may comprise a mechanism to regulate initiation.
Genetic Dissection of Internode Length Above the Uppermost Ear in Four RIL Populations of Maize (Zea maysL.)
Authors: Ku Lixia , Cao Liru , Wei Xiaomin , Su Huihui , Tian Zhiqiang , Guo Shulei , Zhang Liangkun , Ren Zhenzhen , Wang Xiaobo , Zhu Yuguang , Li Guohui , Wang Zhiyong , Chen Yanhui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe internode length above the uppermost ear (ILAU) is an important influencing factor for canopy architecture in maize. Analyzing the genetic characteristics of internode length is critical for improving plant population structure and increasing photosynthetic efficiency. However, the genetic control of ILAU has not been determined. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for internode length at five positions above the uppermost ear were identified using four sets of recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations in three environments. Genetic maps and initial QTL were integrated using meta-analyses across the four populations. Seventy QTL were identified: 16 in population 1; 14 in population 2; 25 in population 3; and 15 in population 4. Individual effects ranged from 5.36% to 26.85% of phenotypic variation, with 27 QTL &gt;10%. In addition, the following common QTL were identified across two populations: one common QTL for the internode length of all five positions; one common QTL for the internode length of three positions; and one common QTL for the internode length of one position. In addition, four common QTL for the internode length of four positions were identified in one population. The results indicated that the ILAU at different positions above the uppermost ear could be affected by one or several of the same QTL. The traits may also be regulated by many different QTL. Of the 70 initial QTL, 46 were integrated in 14 meta-QTL (mQTLs) by meta-analysis, and 17 of the 27 initial QTL with R2 &gt;10% were integrated in 7 mQTLs. Four of the key mQTLs (mQTL2-2, mQTL3-2, mQTL5-1, mQTL5-2, and mQTL9) in which the initial QTL displayed R2 &gt;10% included four to 11 initial QTL for an internode length of four to five positions from one or two populations. These results may provide useful information for marker-assisted selection to improve canopy architecture.
Participatory Philology: Computational Linguistics and the Future of Historical Language Education
Authors: Crane Gregory , Dee Stella Rose , Krohn Anna 
Published: December 2014

This brief contributes to the proceedings of the Citizen Cyberscience Summit 2014 with a summary of the presentation given by the Open Philology Project on its goals, work, and collaborators. With a focus on the interface between 21st-century philology and citizen science, this paper reviews the data we collect, why we gather that data, and the cohort that we engage for assistance with data production. The paper presents the work of the Historical Languages eLearning Project and the incorporation of pedagogy into resources for participatory philology, as well as briefly reviews a case study of a class at Tufts University that supports the viability of our approach. Above all, we seek to demonstrate the deep similarities of technical infrastructure and research processes between participatory philology and citizen science, despite fundamental differences in a humanistic versus a scientific approach to the subject matter. In so doing, we hope to help lay the foundation for increasing contribution by the humanities to the fields of citizen science and human computation.
Citizen archaeologists. Online collaborative research about the human past
Authors: Bevan Andrew , Daniel Pett , Chiara Bonacchi , Keinan-Schoonbaert Adi , Lombraña González Daniel , Sparks Rachael , Wexler Jennifer , Wilkin Neil 
Published: December 2014

Archaeology has a long tradition of volunteer involvement but also faces considerable challenges in protecting and understanding a geographically widespread, rapidly dwindling and every-threatened cultural resource. This paper considers a newly launched, multi-application crowd-sourcing project called MicroPasts, whose focus is on enabling both community-led and massive online contributions to high quality research in archaeology, history and heritage. We reflect on preliminary results from this initiative with a focus on the technical challenges, quality control issues and contributors motivations.
Enemy Aliens, Deportees, Refugees: Internment Practices in the Habsburg Empire, 1914–1918
Authors: Stibbe Matthew 
Published: December 2014

Enemy Aliens, Deportees, Refugees: Internment Practices in the Habsburg Empire, 1914–1918 This article explores both the historiography and history of civilian internment in the Habsburg Monarchy between 1914 and 1918, with particular emphasis on the Austrian half of the empire (Cisleithania). It is often assumed that Austro-Hungarian policies towards enemy civilians and «enemies within» were simply a milder variant of a common pattern of intolerant behaviour by belligerent states towards aliens, national outsiders and other minority groups during modern wars. But this assumption is misleading, and Habsburg policies have much to tell us both about the collapse of the Monarchy in 1917/1918 and about the relationship between empirebuilding, ethnic nationalism and the pursuit of military security in border regions more generally.
L'éthique de la responsabilité et du risque au regard des projets de développement durable, de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise et des risques systémiques
Authors: Hugon Philippe 
Published: December 2014

La prise de risque est au cœur de l’action économique, des paris sur le futur, des innovations et de la liberté créatrice des acteurs. Elle implique une responsabilité . La question posée par l’économie politique est celle de la mise en œuvre des principes éthiques du risque et de la responsabilité en actions pratiques d’acteurs différenciés et en politiques publiques. Cet article présente les fondements de l’éthique du risque et de la responsabilité, puis met ces principes éthiques à l’épreuve des pratiques des acteurs privés et publics par des normes (responsabilité sociale des entreprises), des systèmes de valorisation des projets de développement et de gestion des « risques systémiques ».
(Re)tissage de la confiance et nouveau pacte social : défis et conditions de déploiement des politiques du capital humain
Authors: Bruna Maria Giuseppina , Deluzet Marc 
Published: December 2014

A l’heure où l’Europe et la France sont engluées dans une période d’instabilité économique et de croissance molle, avec de graves répercussions sociales, la crise de confiance se fait systémique, profonde et durable. Principal levier de création de richesses, de socialisation secondaire et de régulation sociale, le travail crée la possibilité même de l’être-en-société. C’est pourquoi penser les conditions de recréation de la confiance dans le champ organisationnel constitue un impératif catégorique (qui invite à réinterroger le rapport à Soi, à Autrui et au collectif), une urgence politique (qui questionne l’effectivité et l’efficience du lien social et les fondements du vivre-ensemble) et un enjeu stratégique (susceptible d’influer sur la croissance de long terme et la performance globale des entreprises). Reposant sur un chassé-croisé entre sources scientifiques et professionnelles et un jeu de regards croisés entre une chercheuse et un praticien, cet article interroge les mécanismes de refondation du pacte social d’entreprise. Et cela, à l’aune de préalables éthiques (« reconnaissance de l’altérité, recherche de la justice par l’équité »), d’un prérequis stratégique (renouvellement du cycle de la confiance liant l’entreprise et ses collaborateurs, grâce à un « don de confiance », premier et inconditionnel, accordé par la direction à ses salariés) et d’un levier opérationnel (le déploiement de politiques de développement humain, avec pour corollaire la refonte des politiques RH et la praxis d’un management responsable). Pour ce faire, cette contribution articule une revue de littérature interdisciplinaire et une analyse de données qualitatives tirées d’une participation observante au sein du Groupe de travail « Développement et Capital Humain » de l’Observatoire Social International.
Anticiper, une question de confiance ? Quand l'anticipation de la carrière rencontre la stratégie des entreprises
Authors: Hamiot Jean-Yves , Vincent Michèle 
Published: December 2014

Un travail de recherche récent pour le compte du syndicat professionnel des agences médias (UDECAM) a porté sur l’anticipation de la deuxième partie de carrière de cadres du secteur. Cette recherche qualitative a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 26 personnes, dont les entretiens semi-directifs ont été analysés avec deux méthodes d’analyse de données textuelles. Le but était d’observer dans quelle mesure ces cadres prennent en compte l’allongement de la durée du travail. Cette démarche hypothético-déductive s’est appuyée sur un modèle théorique des modes d’anticipation de la carrière. Les résultats montrent que nombre d’entre eux sont dans une situation de dissonance cognitive, dans la mesure où ils sont dans l’incapacité de planifier leur évolution professionnelle. En effet, le secteur des agences médias est confronté à un environnement chahuté, du fait de la situation économique et de la numérisation des médias. Cadres et entreprises doivent donc apprendre ensemble à gérer la complexité, en développant une forme d’agilité. Pour ce faire, une condition est d’accepter une réinvention de la relation d’emploi, ce qui suppose une double révolution de la confiance. Au niveau des cadres, ceci nécessite suffisamment de confiance en soi pour oser sortir de la cage dorée de l’expertise et accepter de considérer l’avenir sur le mode de l’imprévu. Au niveau du management, celui-ci doit sortir de sa posture de « celui qui sait » pour se donner la chance de profiter pleinement de la contribution de ses collaborateurs. Cette prise de risque collective suppose de repenser la relation d’emploi pour passer du paradigme du contrat, induit par le management par objectifs, au paradigme du don-contredon.
Unusual presentation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis in a patient with celiac disease and microscopic colitis
Authors: Manzoor Muhammed , Wadhwa Rajesh K. , Abbas Zaigham , Mujahid Hasan Syed , Hasan Luck Nasir , Mubarak Muhammed 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocyte injury (ballooning) with or without fibrosis. NASH is often a “silent” liver disease. Estimated prevalence of NASH ranges from 3% to 5% in different studies. The prevalence of NASH-related cirrhosis in the general population is not known. Herein, we report a case of a young female presented with NASH-related cirrhosis in the setting of poorly controlled celiac disease (CD) and microscopic colitis. A variety of liver abnormalities have been observed in patients with CD, but this unique constellation of the gut and liver pathologies has not been reported previously.
Metastatic choroidal melanoma: A therapeutic challenge and role of novel herbal medicines
Authors: Baishya Nizara , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Sarma Anupam , Kataki Amal C. , Saikia Saurav 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Choridal melanoma (CM) is a common ocular malignancy. We present here a case of a 62-year-old female with a CM with incidental diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis. The diagnosis of CM with incidental metastasis to lungs is rare and presents a therapeutic challenge to the physician in an otherwise healthy individual. The role of herbal medicine should be investigated further for the treatment of metastasis in CM.
Ontogenetic changes in cranial vault thickness in a modern sample of Homo sapiens
Authors: Anzelmo Marisol , Ventrice Fernando , Barbeito‐Andrés Jimena , Pucciarelli Héctor M. , Sardi Marina L. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThis work assesses cranial vault thickness (CVT) ontogenetic changes using a computed tomography database to register thickness across multiple regions.MethodsVault images of 143 individuals from 0 to 31 years old were analyzed by thickness semiautomatic measurements. For each individual, we obtained a thickness mean measure (TMM) and its coefficient of variation, a measure of endocranial volume (EV), the distribution of relative frequencies of thickness—relative frequency polygon, and a topographic mapping that shows the thickness arrangement through a chromatic scale. Ontogenetic changes of these variables were evaluated by different regression models (TMM vs. age, EV vs. age, TMM vs. EV) and visual comparisons between the age groups.ResultsTMM increased during ontogeny until the onset of adulthood without sex differences, but the most accelerated growth rates occur during the first 6 years of postnatal life. TMM variations were associated with EV only in infants and children, but not in later periods. The polygons showed a flattening during ontogeny, probably due to an increase in thickness variation within individuals. However, the adult pattern of thickness arrangement, with the lateral region thinner than the regions near sagittal plane, was detected from infancy.ConclusionThe pattern of thickness arrangement is established early in ontogeny but CVT increases and changes in distribution until adolescence. Several factors may influence CVT, such as the brain, muscles, vessels, and sutures. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:475–485, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.