bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unstable Polymerase-Nucleoprotein Interaction Is Not Responsible for Avian Influenza Virus Polymerase Restriction in Human Cells
Authors: Cauldwell Anna V. , Moncorgé Olivier , Barclay Wendy S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Avian-origin influenza virus polymerase activity can be dramatically increased in human cells with the PB2 E627K mutation. Previously, others have proposed that this mutation increases the stability of the viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) measured by the interaction between PB2 and NP. However, we demonstrate here that a variety of PB2 adaptive mutations, including E627K, do not enhance the stability of the vRNP but rather increase the amount of replicated RNA that results in more PB2-NP coprecipitation.
Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Does Not Protect against Newly Emerging Variants of Influenza A (H3N2v) Virus in Ferrets
Authors: Houser Katherine V. , Katz Jacqueline M. , Tumpey Terrence M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
The recent increase in human cases of influenza A H3N2 variant virus [A(H3N2)v] highlights the need to assess whether seasonal influenza vaccination provides cross-protection against A(H3N2)v virus. Our data demonstrate that the 2011-2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) protected ferrets against homologous H3N2 virus challenge but provided minimal to no protection against A(H3N2)v virus. The complete absence of specific hemagglutination inhibition antibody response to A(H3N2)v is consistent with the poor cross-protection observed among TIV-immune animals.
Do structural changes (eg, collagen/matrix) explain the response to therapeutic exercises in tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Drew Benjamin T , Smith Toby O , Littlewood Chris , Sturrock Ben 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPrevious reviews have highlighted the benefit of loaded therapeutic exercise in the treatment of tendinopathy. Changes in observable structural outcomes have been suggested as a possible explanation for this response to therapeutic exercise. However, the mechanism for the efficacy of therapeutic exercise remains unclear.ObjectiveTo systematically review the relationship between the observable structural change and clinical outcomes following therapeutic exercise.Data sourcesAn electronic search of AMED, CiNAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PEDro and SPORTDiscus was undertaken from their inception to June 2012.Study eligibility criteriaAny study design that incorporated observable structural outcomes and clinical outcomes when assessing the effect of therapeutic exercise on participants with tendinopathy.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsIncluded studies were appraised for risk of bias using the tool developed by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a qualitative synthesis was undertaken.ResultsTwenty articles describing 625 patients were included. Overall, there is a strong evidence to refute any observable structural change as an explanation for the response to therapeutic exercise when treated by eccentric exercise training. Moderate evidence does exist to support the response of heavy-slow resistance training (HSR).Conclusions and implications of key findingsThe available literature does not support observable structural change as an explanation for the response of therapeutic exercise except for some support from HSR. Future research should focus on indentifying other explanations including neural, biochemical and myogenic changes.Registration NumberRegistered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42011001638.
Measurement of the radioactivity in the excreta of cats treated with iodine‐131 for hyperthyroidism
Authors: Lamb V. , Gray J. , Parkin T. , Ramsey I. 
Published: November 2012

When hyperthyroidism is treated with radioiodine, up to 75 per cent of the injected dose is excreted in the faeces and urine, which poses hazards to handlers. Three groups of hyperthyroid cats were treated with 120, 150 and 200 megabecquerel (MBq) of radioiodine, and samples of faeces and urine‐soaked litter (USL) were collected over a 24‐hour period, once a week, for four weeks. The amount of radioactivity in each homogenised sample was then measured using a sodium iodide detector. Radioactivity significantly decreased in both the faecal and USL samples over the first three weeks. Regardless of dose, there was no significant difference in faecal and USL samples between weeks 3 and 4. Faecal radioactivity was generally higher than the USL, but both were variable between cats at each time point. There were some significant differences in radioactivity between doses at various time points, but these were very small compared with the differences between time points. From the results, the maximum likely exposure to a worker or owner handling the waste was calculated. For cats treated with up to 200 MBq, radioactivity levels after two weeks were such that the waste could be designated as ‘very low level waste’ (a UK statutory definition) for disposal purposes.
Proteomic analysis ofClostridium thermocellumATCC 27405 reveals the upregulation of an alternative transhydrogenase–malate pathway and nitrogen assimilation in cells grown on cellulose
Authors: Burton Euan , Martin Vincent J.J. 
Published: November 2012

Clostridium thermocellum is a Gram-positive thermophilic anaerobic bacterium with the ability to directly convert cellulosic biomass into useful products such as ethanol and hydrogen. In this study, a quantitative comparative proteomic analysis of the organism was performed to identify proteins and biochemical pathways that are differentially utilized by the organism after growth on cellobiose or cellulose. The cytoplasmic and membrane proteomes of C. thermocellum grown on cellulose or cellobiose were quantitatively compared using a metabolic15N isotope labelling method in conjunction with nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS (liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry). In total, 1255 proteins were identified in the study, and 129 of those were able to have their relative abundance per cell compared in at least one cellular compartment in response to the substrate provided. This study reveals that cells grown on cellulose increase their abundance of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase while decreasing the abundance of pyruvate dikinase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase, suggesting that the organism diverts carbon flow into a transhydrogenase–malate pathway that can increase the production of the biosynthetic intermediates NADPH and GTP. Glutamate dehydrogenase was also found to have increased abundance in cellulose-grown cells, suggesting that the assimilation of ammonia is upregulated in cells grown on the cellulosic substrates. The results illustrate a mechanism by which C. thermocellum can divert carbon into alternative pathways for the purpose of producing biosynthetic intermediates necessary to respond to growth on cellulose, including transhydrogenation of NADH to NADPH and increased nitrogen assimilation.
A trophic study of the sympatric Amazonian freshwater turtles Podocnemis unifilis and Podocnemis expansa (Testudines, Podocnemidae) using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses
Authors: Lara N.R.F. , Marques T.S. , Montelo K.M. , de Ataídes Á.G. , Verdade L.M. , Malvásio A. , de Camargo P.B. 
Published: November 2012

The Yellow-spotted River Turtle ( Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848) and the South American River Turtle (Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812)) are two turtles species that are widely distributed and have ecological, economic, and cultural importance in the Amazon basin. Although sympatric regarding most of their distribution, few studies have addressed the coexistence of these two species. To examine this, we analyzed the trophic level and the primary carbon source from the diets of both species in Baixo Araguaia, Tocantins, Brazil, using stable isotope analyses of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). We also verified possible intraspecific variations (related to sex and body mass) in the trophic levels and primary carbon sources of their diets. Podocnemis unifilis had higher values of δ15N than P. expansa, averaging 7.59‰ and 5.06‰, respectively, a difference which may indicate a possible trophic change owing to exploiting different food resources. No differences were found between the two species in relation to δ13C (mean values of –26.2‰ and –26.1‰, respectively). The similarity between δ13C values suggests that the sources of their basal feeding are the same, consisting mainly of C3 plants. There was no intraspecific variation in the values of δ13C and δ15N.
Tendency towards stigmatization of families of a person with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Milačić-Vidojević Ivona , Gligorović Milica , Dragojević Nada 
Published: November 2012

Background: Family members experience stigma via their connection with the affected member. Family stigma contains stereotypes of blame, shame and contamination. Aim: To establish the tendency towards stigmatization of family members of a person with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) by a sample of the general public of Belgrade. Methods: The sample encompassed 181 participants, of various ages and levels of education, and of different, self-assessed levels of knowledge about autism. The structure of stigmatization of family members of a person with ASD was explored applying the Family Stigma Questionnaire (FSQ) and the Level of Familiarity Questionnaire (LFQ). Results: Analysis of the obtained results established that scores indicating the tendency towards stigmatization were most pronounced for variables connected to blame for deterioration of the condition of the person with autism, contamination of the individual family members by the condition, and to feeling pity for family members of a person with ASD. Statistically significant differences were established when the FSQ scores stigmatizing parents and siblings were compared. Significant differences in stigmatizing stereotypes were established according to gender and level of education, and according to the self-assessment of knowledge about autism and the level of previous contact to persons with mental disorders. Conclusion: Anti-stigma programmes are important especially bearing in mind that participants who self-evaluated as having the least knowledge about ASD demonstrated the highest tendency towards stigmatizing the parents of a person suffering from ASD, and those of lower education demonstrated the highest tendency towards stigmatizing the family members.
Comparing the Reverse Trendelenburg and Horizontal Position for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Hathorn Iain F. , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Manji Jamil , Javer Amin R. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether the 15‐degree reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) during functional endoscopic sinus surgery improves endoscopic field of view and reduces intraoperative blood loss when compared with the horizontal position (HP).Study DesignA prospective, randomized controlled trial.SettingSt Paul’s Sinus Centre, Vancouver, Canada.SubjectsPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with or without nasal polyposis, receiving functional endoscopic sinus surgery were included. Patients were excluded if they had severe or uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular disease, continued use of anticoagulants, impaired coagulation, or a sinonasal tumor.MethodsSixty‐four patients with CRS undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) were randomized to either 15‐degree RTP (experimental arm) or HP (control arm) from October 2011 to February 2012. Boezaart endoscopic field‐of‐view grading system was the primary outcome measure. Lund‐Mackay computed tomography (CT) score, total blood loss, blood loss per minute, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, anesthetic technique, and surgery time were also recorded.ResultsThere was a significant difference in mean Boezaart scoring between RTP and HP: 1.66 vs 2.33 (P <. 001), with RTP producing a better endoscopic field of view. There was also a lower total blood loss and blood loss per minute with RTP (P =. 01, P =. 03). There was no significant difference in disease severity (P >. 05), time of surgery (P >. 05), or mean arterial pressure (P >. 05) between the 2 surgical positions.ConclusionThe 15‐degree RTP improves the endoscopic field of view and reduces blood loss during FESS. We would therefore recommend its use.
Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms related to uncomplicated benign prostatic hyperplasia in Italy: updated summary from AURO.it
Authors: Spatafora Sebastiano , Casarico Antonio , Fandella Andrea , Galetti Caterina , Hurle Rodolfo , Mazzini Elisa , Niro Ciro , Perachino Massimo , Sanseverino Roberto , Pappagallo Giovanni Luigi ,   for the AURO.it BPH Guidelines Committee
Published: November 2012

Background: The first Italian national guidelines were developed by the Italian Association of Urologists and published in 2007. Since then, a number of new drugs or classes of drugs have emerged for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), new data have emerged on medical therapy (monotherapies and combination therapies), new surgical techniques have come into practice, and our understanding of disease pathogenesis has increased. Consequently, a new update of the guidelines has become necessary. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted to identify relevant papers published between 1 August 2006 and 12 December 2010. Publications before or after this timeframe were considered only if they were recognised as important milestones in the field or if the literature search did not identify publications within this timeframe. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Main findings: Decisions on therapeutic intervention should be based on the impact of symptoms on quality of life (QoL) rather than the severity of symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) score). A threshold for intervention was therefore based on the IPSS Q8, with intervention recommended for patients with a score of at least 4. Several differences in clinical recommendations have emerged. For example, combination therapy with a 5α-reductase inhibitor plus α blocker is now the recommended option for the treatment of patients at risk of BPH progression. Other differences include the warning of potential worsening of cognitive disturbances with use of anticholinergics in older patients, the distinction between Serenoa repens preparations (according to the method of extraction), and the clearly defined threshold of prostate size for performing open surgery (>80 g). While the recommendations included in these guidelines are evidence based, clinical decisions should also be informed by patients’ clinical and physical circumstances, as well as patients’ preferences and actions. Conclusions: These guidelines are intended to assist physicians and patients in the decision-making process regarding the management of LUTS/BPH, and support the process of continuous improvement of the quality of care and services to patients.
Divergent effects of supraphysiologic Notch signals on leukemia stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Chiang Mark Y. , Shestova Olga , Xu Lanwei , Aster Jon C. , Pear Warren S. 
Published: November 2012

Key Points
Supraphysiologic Notch signals that maintain T-ALL self-renewal promote HSC differentiation at the expense of HSC self-renewal.
Nondifferentiable mathematical programming involving "Equation missing" -invexity
Authors: Yuan Dehui , Liu Xiaoling , Yang Shengyun , Lai Guoming 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we define new vector generalized convexity, namely nondifferentiable vector

(

G
f

,

β
f

)

-invexity, for a given locally Lipschitz vector function f. Basing on this new nondifferentiable vector generalized invexity, we have managed to deal with nondifferentiable nonlinear programming problems under some assumptions. Firstly, we present G-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions for nonsmooth mathematical programming problems. With the new vector generalized invexity assumption, we also obtain G-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker sufficient optimality conditions for the same programming problems. Moreover, we establish duality results for this kind of multiobjective programming problems. In the end, a suitable example illustrates that the new optimality results are more useful for some class of optimization problems than the optimality conditions with invex functions.

MSC:90C26.
Combining proteomics and transcriptome sequencing to identify active plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes in a leaf beetle
Authors: Kirsch Roy , Wielsch Natalie , Vogel Heiko , Svatoš Aleš , Heckel David G , Pauchet Yannick 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
The primary plant cell wall is a complex mixture of polysaccharides and proteins encasing living plant cells. Among these polysaccharides, cellulose is the most abundant and useful biopolymer present on earth. These polysaccharides also represent a rich source of energy for organisms which have evolved the ability to degrade them. A growing body of evidence suggests that phytophagous beetles, mainly species from the superfamilies Chrysomeloidea and Curculionoidea, possess endogenous genes encoding complex and diverse families of so-called plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). The presence of these genes in phytophagous beetles may have been a key element in their success as herbivores. Here, we combined a proteomics approach and transcriptome sequencing to identify PCWDEs present in larval gut contents of the mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae.

Results
Using a two-dimensional proteomics approach, we recovered 11 protein bands, isolated using activity assays targeting cellulose-, pectin- and xylan-degrading enzymes. After mass spectrometry analyses, a total of 13 proteins putatively responsible for degrading plant cell wall polysaccharides were identified; these proteins belong to three glycoside hydrolase (GH) families: GH11 (xylanases), GH28 (polygalacturonases or pectinases), and GH45 (β-1,4-glucanases or cellulases). Additionally, highly stable and proteolysis-resistant host plant-derived proteins from various pathogenesis-related protein (PRs) families as well as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) were also identified from the gut contents proteome. In parallel, transcriptome sequencing revealed the presence of at least 19 putative PCWDE transcripts encoded by the P. cochleariae genome. All of these were specifically expressed in the insect gut rather than the rest of the body, and in adults as well as larvae. The discrepancy observed in the number of putative PCWDEs between transcriptome and proteome analyses could be partially explained by differences in transcriptional level.

Conclusions
Combining proteome and transcriptome sequencing analyses proved to be a powerful tool for the discovery of active PCWDEs in a non-model species. Our data represent the starting point of an in-depth functional and evolutionary characterization of PCWDE gene families in phytophagous beetles and their contribution to the adaptation of these highly successful herbivores to their host plants.
Novel olanzapine analogues presenting a reduced H1 receptor affinity and retained 5HT2A/D2 binding affinity ratio
Authors: Jafari Somayeh , Bouillon Marc E , Huang Xu-Feng , Pyne Stephen G , Fernandez-Enright Francesca 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOlanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with high clinical efficacy, but which can cause severe weight gain and metabolic disorders in treated patients. Blockade of the histamine 1 (H1) receptors is believed to play a crucial role in olanzapine induced weight gain, whereas the therapeutic effects of this drug are mainly attributed to its favourable serotoninergic 2A and dopamine 2 (5HT2A/D2) receptor binding affinity ratios.ResultsWe have synthesized novel olanzapine analogues8aand8btogether with the already known derivative8cand we have examined their respectivein vitroaffinities for the 5HT2A, D2, and H1receptors.ConclusionsWe suggest that thienobenzodiazepines8band8cwith lower binding affinity for the H1receptors, but similar 5HT2A/D2receptor binding affinity ratios to those of olanzapine. These compounds may offer a better pharmacological profile than olanzapine for treating patients with schizophrenia.
Beneficial ‘unintended effects’ of a cereal cystatin in transgenic lines of potato, Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Munger Aurélie , Coenen Karine , Cantin Line , Goulet Charles , Vaillancourt Louis-Philippe , Goulet Marie-Claire , Tweddell Russell , Sainsbury Frank , Michaud Dominique 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Studies reported unintended pleiotropic effects for a number of pesticidal proteins ectopically expressed in transgenic crops, but the nature and significance of such effects in planta remain poorly understood. Here we assessed the effects of corn cystatin II (CCII), a potent inhibitor of C1A cysteine (Cys) proteases considered for insect and pathogen control, on the leaf proteome and pathogen resistance status of potato lines constitutively expressing this protein.

Results
The leaf proteome of lines accumulating CCII at different levels was resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with the leaf proteome of a control (parental) line. Out of ca. 700 proteins monitored on 2-D gels, 23 were significantly up- or downregulated in CCII-expressing leaves, including 14 proteins detected de novo or up-regulated by more than five-fold compared to the control. Most up-regulated proteins were abiotic or biotic stress-responsive proteins, including different secretory peroxidases, wound inducible protease inhibitors and pathogenesis-related proteins. Accordingly, infection of leaf tissues by the fungal necrotroph Botryris cinerea was prevented in CCII-expressing plants, despite a null impact of CCII on growth of this pathogen and the absence of extracellular Cys protease targets for the inhibitor.

Conclusions
These data point to the onset of pleiotropic effects altering the leaf proteome in transgenic plants expressing recombinant protease inhibitors. They also show the potential of these proteins as ectopic modulators of stress responses in planta, useful to engineer biotic or abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants of economic significance.
Evaluation of adult dTPaP vaccination coverage in France: experience in Lyon city, 2010–2011
Authors: Baratin Dominique , Del Signore Corinne , Thierry Jacques , Caulin Evelyne , Vanhems Philippe 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Compliance with official recommendations can be assessed by evaluating vaccination coverage (VC) in populations. The main objective of our study was to assess VC of adults against diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis and pertussis (dTPaP) according to age. The second objective was to explore if vaccination status could be confirmed by documentation.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 adults consulting for biological examination in private laboratories in Lyon (France) to evaluate VC for diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis and pertussis (dTPaP) and enabled reported vaccinations to be compared with documented, confirmed vaccinations.

Results
Verification of documented, confirmed vaccinations disclosed VC of 78.7% for tetanus, 63.6% for poliomyelitis, 57.8% for diphtheria and 10.7% for pertussis. Comparison of confirmed and self-reported vaccinations revealed that a large percentage of people who thought that they were vaccinated were not. VC significantly decreased with age for diphtheria and poliomyelitis and did not vary by gender. The VC rate for pertussis has increased since the 2008 recommendations were made.

Conclusions
The main thrust of this study was to compare reported and confirmed data. A significant percentage of people wrongly believed that they were up to date with their vaccination.