bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Age‐Related Changes in Left Ventricular Twist by 3‐Dimensional Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Tavakoli Vahid , Sahba Nima 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the normal value of left ventricular (LV) twist in 3‐dimensional (3D) geometry and to study the effects of aging on 3D LV twist by sophisticated newly developed 3D speckle‐tracking echocardiographic techniques.MethodsRecent developments in miniaturized ultrasound arrays have provided us with high‐quality 3D echocardiographic data. Speckle tracking based on 3D images is robust to out‐of‐plane motion error, whereas 2‐dimensional speckle tracking is inherently unable to analyze 3D cardiac motion and may lead to measurement inaccuracies. Three‐dimensional LV volumetric images were acquired from 124 healthy volunteers (aged 21–82 years) and were analyzed by a recent speckle‐tracking method. Left ventricular twist was analyzed as apical rotation relative to the base in the 3D coordinates. The measured parameters in this study were peak apical rotation, peak basal rotation, peak LV twist, normalized peak LV twist, and peak untwist velocity.ResultsAs seen from the apex, the normal LV maintains a wringing systolic displacement with an initial counterclockwise rotation followed by a clockwise rotation in the LV basal plane and a counterclockwise rotation in the LV apical plane. In general, the apical and basal twist increases during the aging process, leading to an increased LV twist value. The mean peak twist ± SD in young participants (21–35 years) was 11.73° ± 2.67°, whereas the value for older participants (>65 years) was 18.57° ± 3.08° (P < .001).ConclusionsThree‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography can be an effective noninvasive method for assessing 3D LV twist. Age‐related differences in the 3D LV twist may be the result of the age‐related changes in the endocardial myofibers.
40 Jahre Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion: eine Erfolgsgeschichte
Authors: Matsuo Jun‐ichi , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDie Mukaiyama‐Aldolreaktion, über die Teruaki Mukaiyama 1973 erstmals berichtete, ist eine gerichtete gekreuzte Aldolreaktion von Silylenolethern mit Carbonylverbindungen in Gegenwart einer Lewis‐Säure. Varianten dieser Reaktion, die ebenfalls in der Arbeitsgruppe Mukaiyama entwickelt wurden, sind die gerichteten gekreuzten Aldolreaktionen in Gegenwart von Borenolaten und Zinn(II)‐enolaten. Allesamt sind es wertvolle Methoden für den Aufbau von stereochemisch komplexen Molekülen aus zwei Carbonylverbindungen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz gibt einen historischen Überblick über die Entdeckung und frühe Entwicklungsphase dieser Reaktionen.
Ligand‐Functionalization of BPEI‐Coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ Nanophosphors for Tumor‐Cell‐Targeted Imaging Applications
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chin , Huang Sheng‐Cih , Wang Yu‐Kuo , Liu Yuan‐Ting , Wu Tung‐Kung , Chen Teng‐Ming 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, surface‐functionalized, branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)‐modified YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanocrystals (NCs) were successfully synthesized by a simple, rapid, solvent‐free hydrothermal method. The BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs with high crystallinity show broad‐band excitation in the λ=250 to 400 nm near‐ultraviolet (NUV) region and exhibit a sharp‐line emission band centered at λ=619 nm under excitation at λ=350 nm. The surface amino groups contributed by the capping agent, BPEI, not only improve the dispersibility and water/buffer stability of the BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs, but also provide a capability for specifically targeted biomolecule conjugation. Folic acid (FA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were further attached to the BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs and exhibited effective positioning of fluorescent NCs toward the targeted folate receptor overexpressed in HeLa cells or EGFR overexpressed in A431 cells with low cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the ligand‐functionalized, BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+ NCs show great potential as a new‐generation biological luminescent bioprobe for bioimaging applications. Moreover, the unique luminescence properties of BPEI‐coated YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ NCs show potential to combine with a UVA photosensitizing drug to produce both detective and therapeutic effects for human skin cancer therapy.
Truck capacity analysis in a cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Tootkaleh Sajjad , Akbarpour Shirazi Mohsen , Fatemi Ghomi Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Hosseini Seyed Davod 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn a transportation network, decision making parameters may change and may cause the optimum value of objective function to vary in a specific range. Therefore, managers try to identify the effects of these changes by sensitive analysis to find appropriate solutions. In this paper, first, a model for cross‐dock transportation network considering direct shipment is presented, and then an algorithm based on branch and bound algorithm and dual price concept for sensitive analysis is developed. When managers encounter problems such as budget limit, they may decide to change the capacity of trucks as a procedure to reduce the transportation costs of the network. The algorithm provides a useful lower bound on the solutions of the problems and makes it easy for the managers to eliminate inappropriate options of truck capacities, which cannot lead to cost reduction. To verify the algorithm, an example will be given at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitioning Studies of Glutaminase in Polyethylene Glycol and Salt‐Based Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Bolar S. , Belur P. D. , Iyyaswami R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe partitioning behavior of glutaminase produced from Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐salt aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) was investigated. ATPSs comprising of different PEG‐salts were considered. Binodal data and tie lines generated for the selected systems were analyzed and correlated with Othmer‐Tobias and Bancroft equations. Effects of salt type, PEG molecular weight, concentrations of phase components, and tie line length on enzyme partitioning were evaluated.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Power in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zinovyeva Veronika , Nakamae Sawako , Bonetti Marco , Roger Michel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe thiolate/disulfide organic redox couple (McMT−/BMT), derived from 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (McMT), recently proposed as an alternative to usual inorganic couples in dye‐sensitized solar cells, exhibits a remarkable reversibility and stability in a thermogalvanic cell containing a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile (EMIMBF4/AN) mixture. The thermoelectric power depends strongly on concentrations of both the ionic liquid and the redox couple. It is enhanced by a factor of six at high ionic‐liquid concentrations. The control of these parameters can be used to enhance the thermopower and the thermoelectric efficiency of future ionic‐liquid thermocells.
High CO2‐Capture Ability of a Porous Organic Polymer Bifunctionalized with Carboxy and Triazole Groups
Authors: Xie Lin‐Hua , Suh Myunghyun Paik 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA new porous organic polymer, SNU‐C1, incorporating two different CO2‐attracting groups, namely, carboxy and triazole groups, has been synthesized. By activating SNU‐C1 with two different methods, vacuum drying and supercritical‐CO2 treatment, the guest‐free phases, SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca, respectively, were obtained. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca are 595 and 830 m2g−1, respectively, as estimated by the N2‐adsorption isotherms at 77 K. At 298 K and 1 atm, SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca show high CO2 uptakes, 2.31 mmol g−1 and 3.14 mmol g−1, respectively, the high level being due to the presence of abundant polar groups (carboxy and triazole) exposed on the pore surfaces. Five separation parameters for flue gas and landfill gas in vacuum‐swing adsorption were calculated from single‐component gas‐sorption isotherms by using the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The data reveal excellent CO2‐separation abilities of SNU‐C1‐va and SNU‐C1‐sca, namely high CO2‐uptake capacity, high selectivity, and high regenerability. The gas‐cycling experiments for the materials and the water‐treated samples, experiments that involved treating the samples with a CO2‐N2 gas mixture (15:85, v/v) followed by a pure N2 purge, further verified the high regenerability and water stability. The results suggest that these materials have great potential applications in CO2 separation.
Recent Advances in Inhibitors of Bacterial Fatty Acid Synthesis Type II (FASII) System Enzymes as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Wang Yi , Ma Shutao 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBacterial infections are a constant and serious threat to human health. With the increase of multidrug resistance of clinically pathogenic bacteria, common antibiotic therapies have been less effective. Fatty acid synthesis type II (FASII) system enzymes are essential for bacterial membrane lipid biosynthesis and represent increasingly promising targets for the discovery of antibacterial agents with new mechanisms of action. This review highlights recent advances in inhibitors of bacterial FASII as potential antibacterial agents, paying special attention to the activities, mechanisms, and structure–activity relationships of those inhibitors that mainly target β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase, β‐ketoacyl‐ACP reductase, β‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP dehydratase, and enoyl‐ACP reductase. Although inhibitors with low nanomolar and selective activity against various bacterial FASII have entered clinical trials, further research is needed to expand upon both available and yet unknown scaffolds to identify new FASII inhibitors that may have antibacterial potential, particularly against resistant bacterial strains.
GCG100649, A Novel Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor, Exhibits a Drug Disposition Profile in Healthy Volunteers Compatible With High Affinity to Carbonic Anhydrase‐I/II: Preliminary Dose–Exposure Relationships to Define Clinical Development Strategies
Authors: Hirankarn Sarapee , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Alamuddin Naji , FitzGerald Garret A. , Skarke Carsten 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCG100649, proposed as a dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and carbonic anhydrase (CA)‐I/‐II, is long‐lived in plasma and whole blood. The mean ± SD half‐lives were 131 ± 19 and 127 ± 33 hours, respectively, after administration of oral single doses of 2 or 8 mg CG100649 to healthy volunteers. The whole blood to plasma concentration ratio (78 ± 23) for CG100649 is linear over the dosing interval reflecting a biodistribution pattern consistent with other strong CA‐inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide, methazolamide). A one compartment model with first order absorption and elimination described CG100649 concentration‐time profiles well. Estimates (%relative SD) between plasma and whole blood were in agreement for the absorption rate constant, 1.54 (58.6) and 1.43 (28.0) hour−1, respectively, but considerably different for clearance, 3.29 (10.4) and 0.04 (7.7) L/h/70 kg, and for volume of distribution, 559 (6.7) and 7.6 (2.4) L/70 kg, respectively. The extent to which these unique PK characteristics of CG100649 discriminate it from other COX‐2 inhibitors will be the subject of future investigation.
An adaptive service selection method for cross‐cloud service composition
Authors: Yang Jun , Lin Wenmin , Dou Wanchun 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYCloud computing aims at providing elastic applications that can be scaled at runtime. In practice, traditional service composition methods are not flexible enough to changes in cross‐cloud environment. In view of this challenge, an adaptive service selection method for cross‐cloud service composition is proposed in this paper, by dynamically selecting proper services with near‐optimal performance for adapting to changes in time. First, concretely speaking, the service selection and execution are modeled with Markov decision process to ensure flexibility. Second, service pair is defined, and the way to build service pairs set is proposed to predict the performance of candidate services. Third, the adaptive service selection algorithm is designed to select proper cloud services for changing cross‐cloud environment. Finally, a case study for cross‐cloud service composition and experiments are presented for validating the feasibility of our proposal. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A service evaluation method for cross‐cloud service choreography
Authors: Zhang Shaoqian , Dou Wanchun , Chen Jinjun 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTraditionally, a service is often located by its functional specification, and then evaluated by its QoS properties. In practice, a service may have multiple functional specifications for satisfying different users with different expectation descriptions around a similar functional property. For example, a song retrieval service may be enacted by the name of a song or enacted by the lyric of the song if a user does not know the name of the song. In view of this challenge, a service evaluation method promoted by multi‐functional specification is proposed for cross‐cloud service choreography, in this paper. Concretely speaking, a mixed integer programming model is employed to decompose global constraints into local constraints; then, the evaluation is promoted by multi‐functional specification and enacted by brokers for cross‐cloud service choreography. At last, experiments are presented to verify our method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of snow cover duration on soil evaporation and respiration efflux in mixed‐conifer ecosystems
Authors: Nelson Krystine , Kurc Shirley A. , John Grace , Minor Rebecca , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTSubalpine mixed‐conifer ecosystems are dependent on snowfall, which is expected to decrease under projected climate change. Changes in snowpack are likely to have important consequences for water and carbon cycling in these and downstream ecosystems. Particularly within semi‐arid environments, snowpack changes will directly influence localized water and carbon dynamics and indirectly influence regional‐scale levels of water availability and carbon sequestration. In this study, we monitor soil evaporation (E) and soil respiration (R) and evaluate how snow cover affects these effluxes within a mixed‐conifer ecosystem within the Santa Catalina Mountains about 10 km north of Tucson, Arizona. Using time‐lapse digital photos, we identified areas of consistent short and long snow duration, and we monitored E and R in these areas every 2 weeks for 15 months. Our primary findings include the following: (1) Dynamics of E are not different between long and short snow season sites, (2) E for both short and long snow seasons has a strong relationship with soil moisture and a poor relationship with soil temperature, (3) dynamics of R vary between long and short snow season sites throughout the year, with short snow season fluxes typically higher than those of long snow season sites, and (4) R for short and long snow seasons has a strong relationship with soil temperature and a poor relationship with soil moisture. Because climate change will only exacerbate both drying–wetting and cooling–warming cycles, detangling these complex relationships becomes increasingly important for understanding shifts in carbon dynamics in these subalpine mixed‐conifer ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of LAI‐MODIS and the influence on drought simulation in a Mediterranean forest
Authors: Chakroun H. , Mouillot F. , Nasr Z. , Nouri M. , Ennajah A. , Ourcival J. M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the benefits and methodological issues to integrate weekly 1 km Leaf Area Index (LAI) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (LAI‐MODIS) (MOD15A2) satellite product in a distributed water budget model over a Mediterranean forested ecosystem of about 2553 km2 for drought assessment at regional scale. The high overestimation of LAI‐MODIS compared to field measurements was corrected based on the calibration of high‐resolution Satellites Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) images combined with ground measurements. The LAI‐MODIS time series over the 2003 to 2009 period has been calibrated and integrated into a spatially explicit water budget model at the regional level using spatial information on vegetation, soil types and topoclimates. Actual LAI‐MODIS scenario was tested against temporal and spatial null models to assess for the benefits of the regional heterogeneity from MODIS and its intra‐annual and interannual variation in a water budget model. From water budget analyses at local and regional scales, we concluded that calibration of LAI‐MODIS images was mandatory to enhance the correlation coefficient between measured and simulated daily actual transpiration. We estimated daily bias in the resulting ‘Water Stress Index’ to be slightly affected between constant and seasonally‐varying LAI datasets. However, the interannual variability in LAI detected by MODIS followed LAI adjustments expected from the ecohydrological equilibrium hypothesis. This can significantly affect the simulated annual drought period features, so that integrating LAI‐MODIS spatial and temporal variability into water budget models for evergreen Mediterranean vegetation can be a useful dataset when carbon allocation schemes in dynamic vegetation models are lacking, but should be carefully calibrated particularly in transitions towards semi‐arid zones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyridyl‐Functionalised [5]Polynorbornane‐Based Ligands for Metal–Organic Rings and Cages
Authors: Johnstone Mark D. , Frank Marina , Clever Guido H. , Pfeffer Frederick M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA solvent‐free multicomponent protocol for the rapid (< 30 min) synthesis of pyridyl‐functionalised [5]polynorbornane ligands is described in which both 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and imide formation occur. The ligands produced by this approach have been incorporated into new Pd and Pt M1L2 chelate complexes as well as an M2L4 cage as elucidated from NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS and computational data.
Cross-species sensitivity to a novel androgen receptor agonist of potential environmental concern, spironolactone
Authors: LaLone Carlie A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Cavallin Jenna E. , Kahl Michael D. , Durhan Elizabeth J. , Makynen Elizabeth A. , Jensen Kathleen M. , Stevens Kyle E. , Severson Megan N. , Blanksma Chad A. , Flynn Kevin M. , Hartig Philip C. , Woodard Jonne S. , Berninger Jason P. , Norberg-King Teresa J. , Johnson Rodney D. , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Spironolactone is a pharmaceutical that in humans is used to treat conditions like hirsutism, various dermatologic afflictions, and female-pattern hair loss through antagonism of the androgen receptor. Although not routinely monitored in the environment, spironolactone has been detected downstream of a pharmaceutical manufacturer, indicating a potential for exposure of aquatic species. Furthermore, spironolactone has been reported to cause masculinization of female western mosquitofish, a response indicative of androgen receptor activation. Predictive methods to identify homologous proteins to the human and western mosquitofish androgen receptor suggest that vertebrates would be more susceptible to adverse effects mediated by chemicals like spironolactone that target the androgen receptor compared with invertebrate species that lack a relevant homolog. In addition, an adverse outcome pathway previously developed for activation of the androgen receptor suggests that androgen mimics can lead to reproductive toxicity in fish. To assess this, 21-d reproduction studies were conducted with 2 fish species, fathead minnow and Japanese medaka, and the invertebrate Daphnia magna. Spironolactone significantly reduced the fecundity of medaka and fathead minnows at 50 μg/L, whereas daphnia reproduction was not affected by concentrations as large as 500 μg/L. Phenotypic masculinization of females of both fish species was observed at 5 μg/L as evidenced by formation of tubercles in fathead minnows and papillary processes in Japanese medaka. Effects in fish occurred at concentrations below those reported in the environment. These results demonstrate how a priori knowledge of an adverse outcome pathway and the conservation of a key molecular target across vertebrates can be utilized to identify potential chemicals of concern in terms of monitoring and highlight potentially sensitive species and endpoints for testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2528–2541. © 2013 SETAC
Effects of food limitation on 9 metal concentrations in liver and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) previously exposed to contaminated sediments
Authors: Kerambrun Elodie , Amara Rachid , Henry Francoise 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

A 2-step experimental design was employed in the present study on juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): 1) juveniles were exposed for 26 d to 2 contaminated sediments and a reference one, and 2) they were transferred in clean seawater with clean sediment for 35 d, feeding fish once a day, twice a week, or once a week. Fish exposed to contaminated sediments presented a significant increase of hepatic Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations compared with the reference condition after the 26-d exposure. Higher fluorescence signals of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were found in bile from turbot exposed to contaminated sediments for 26 d compared with reference. These signals returned to values similar to reference fish after depuration whatever the food quantity. The metal bioaccumulation of Cd, Cu, and Pb was no longer observed after 35-d depuration with once-a-day feeding but was still found with restricted feeding conditions. Results on reference fish also showed significantly higher concentrations of most metals analyzed in fish fed twice a week and once a week compared with fish fed once a day. These results could be related to a decrease of fish hepatosomatic index with food limitation and, thus, a dilution effect on metal concentrations. The present study clearly demonstrates that changes in feeding status have significant effects on metal concentrations in fish and no observed effect on PAH metabolites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2552–2557. © 2013 SETAC