bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Using a Nozzle at the Compressor Inlet of a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine
Authors: Desantes J M , Luján J M , Plá B , Soler J A 
Published: October 2013

The present work reports the effect of a nozzle placed upstream of the compressor of a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine. It has been observed that mounting a nozzle at the compressor inlet can lead to a shift in the compressor surge line to lower mass flowrates. In order to study the effect of the nozzle on the engine performance a set of experimental investigations has been conducted including characterization of the nozzle alone using a flow test rig up to sonic conditions and characterization of the nozzle—compressor unit by determining its operation map in a turbocharger test bench. The distortions in the compressor inlet are usually considered as a disadvantage, as they affect the efficiency and the behaviour of the turbocharger. However, the comparison between the original compressor map (provided by the manufacturer) and the nozzle—compressor map given in the present paper shows that the change in the flow pattern caused by the nozzle improves the engine—turbocharger coupling and thus reduces the air mass flowrate, leading to a surge by 30 per cent, for a given pressure ratio. The improvement in turbocharging does not necessarily increase the performance of the engine. Nevertheless, the possibility of increasing the boost pressure allows elevated fuel flowrates to be applied while still maintaining the combustion efficiency, thus increasing the power of the engine
Fluid Limits for Bandwidth-Sharing Networks in Overload
Authors: Borst Sem , Egorova Regina , Zwart Bert 
Published: October 2013

Bandwidth-sharing networks as considered by Roberts and Massoulié [28] (Roberts JW, Massoulié L (1998) Bandwidth sharing and admission control for elastic traffic. Proc. ITC Specialist Seminar, Yokohama, Japan) provide a natural modeling framework for describing the dynamic flow-level interaction among elastic data transfers. Under mild assumptions, it has been established that a wide family of so-called α-fair bandwidth-sharing strategies achieve stability in such networks provided that no individual link is overloaded. In the present paper we focus on bandwidth-sharing networks where the load on one or several of the links exceeds the capacity. To characterize the overload behavior, we examine the fluid limit, which emerges when the flow dynamics are scaled in both space and time. We derive a functional equation characterizing the fluid limit, and show that any strictly positive solution must be unique, which in particular implies the convergence of the scaled number of flows to the fluid limit for nonzero initial states when the load is sufficiently high. For the case of a zero initial state and a zero-degree homogeneous rate allocation function, we show that there exists a linear solution to the fluid-limit equation, and obtain a fixed-point equation for the corresponding asymptotic growth rates. It is proved that a fixed-point solution is also a solution to a related strictly concave optimization problem, and hence exists and is unique. In addition, we establish uniqueness of fluid-model solutions for monotone rate-preserving networks (in particular tree networks).
Concave Generalized Flows with Applications to Market Equilibria
Authors: Végh László A. 
Published: October 2013

We consider a nonlinear extension of the generalized network flow model, with the flow leaving an arc being an increasing concave function of the flow entering it, as proposed by Truemper [Truemper K (1978) Optimal flows in nonlinear gain networks. Networks 8(1):17–36] and by Shigeno [Shigeno M (2006) Maximum network flows with concave gains. Math. Programming 107(3):439–459]. We give a polynomial time combinatorial algorithm for solving corresponding flow maximization problems, finding an ε-approximate solution in O(m(mσ+log n)log(MUm/ε)) arithmetic operations, where M and U are upper bounds on simple parameters, and σ is the complexity of a value oracle query for the gain functions. This also gives a new algorithm for linear generalized flows, an efficient, purely scaling variant of the Fat-Path algorithm by Goldberg et al. [Goldberg AV, Plotkin SA, Tardos É (1991) Combinatorial algorithms for the generalized circulation problem. Math. Oper. Res. 16(2):351–381], not using any cycle cancellations. We show that this general convex programming model serves as a common framework for several market equilibrium problems, including the linear Fisher market model and its various extensions. Our result immediately provides combinatorial algorithms for various extensions of these market models. This includes nonsymmetric Arrow-Debreu Nash bargaining, settling an open question by Vazirani [Vazirani VV (2012) The notion of a rational convex program, and an algorithm for the Arrow-Debreu Nash bargaining game. J. ACM 59(2), Article 7].
Sources Of Short-Term Finance And Investment Opportunaties
Authors: Yakhshibaev Gayrat 
Published: October 2013

Global credit crunch makes difficult to obtain bank credits, for many small firms to find short-term finance resources getting the crucial issue. In such a situation many firms delay their capital expenditures till indefinite time. Short-term investment opportunities appears most reliable direction to use cash surplus to maintain liquidity during financial market volatility. This paper investigates the main directions of short term financing opportunities for small businesses and research’s the implementation methods of investment decision making. At the end author makes some conclusion the characteristics of new small business environment and gives his opinion about improvements of small businesses.
The Mechanism Of The Functions Of Labor Market
Authors: Hudayberdiev Zafar 
Published: October 2013

From theoretical point of view there are different approaches on determining the object that causes of buying -selling interactions in labor market. There are discussions since the middle of the last century. If the economists of CIS countries had the common view about it before the market economy, it became intricate under the influence of western economists. From practical point of view, among the whole population of Uzbekistan the tendency of the growth of the population of working age and the shrink of dependency is observed, which requires to increase the number of employed among economic active population. It is important to mention that, during the financial- economic recession, the republic adopted anti-crisis program for 2009-2012, which mainly directed to the most important problems such as creating new labor places and improving the living standards of the population.
The Ways Of Increasing Competition In Social Services Sector
Authors: Kosimova Gulyor 
Published: October 2013

The paper studies methods of calculation of competiveness of social service providers in Tashkent city (Uzbekistan). Specific factors forming economic­mathematical factors of competiveness of organizations (providers) of education, healthcare and cultural services are presented. As research shows all social services (public and commercial) of human capital development in Uzbekistan regulated by the same legislation for all citizens (in some cases, according legislation, these services are “free” for particular consumers). The main mechanism of increasing competiveness of organization is integration to public­private partnerships the research proved. The author suggests this partnership also is effective mechanism to improve competiveness.
The Impact of Treasury Bill Rate and Interest Rate On The Stock Market Returns: Case Of Ghana Stock Exchange
Authors: Addo Augustine  , Sunzuoye Fidelis 
Published: October 2013

Several studies have suggested that macroeconomic variables affect Stock market returns using Treasury bill rate as a measure of interest rate. The study examines the joint impact of interest rates and Treasury bill rate on stock market returns on Ghana Stock Exchange over the period between January 1995 and December 2011. Using Johansen’s Multivariate Cointegration Model and Vector Error Correction Model the study establish that there is cointegration between Interest rate, Treasury bill rate and stock market returns indicating long run relationship. On the basis of the Multiple Regression Analysis (OLS) carried out by Eviews 7 program, the results show that Treasury bill rate and interest rate both have a negative relationship with stock market returns but are not significant. These results lend support to the idea that interest rate and Treasury bill rate has both negative relationship but weak predictive power on stock market returns independently. The study conclude that interest rate and Treasury bill rate jointly impact on stock market returns in the long run. Understanding the effects of both Treasury bill rate and interest rate dynamics on stock market returns will help investors, fund and portfolio managers and firms make better investment decisions.
Conservative Therapy Of Inflammatory Diseases Of Large Intenstine
Authors: Matkarimov S , Rustamov A , Rahmonov S 
Published: October 2013

The target of research was the implementation of the comparative analysis of conservative therapy of preparation of basic therapy and also new methods of treatment (anticytokine therapy). Appointment of salofalk - in twos tablets (0, 5) 3-4 times a day per os, and also 2,0 gr in the form of a rectal enema unitary for a period of seven days, then had transferd the patients to reception 2,0 gr salofalk per os, allowed to achieve substantial improvement patients’ clinic-laboratory and endoscopic symptoms with a heavy intensification of ulcer colitis variation, providing full clinic-labaratory remissions achievements of disease at 8 (34 %) patients. In the Minister of the Uzbek Public Health of the Republican Science Coloproctological Center at 10 patients with the IDI have spent the therapy remicade, 7 of them had NUC and 3 patients had the Crohn's disease. Therefore, all patients no longer than on the first week after introduction of remicade had improvement of a course disease which was expressed in defering stool, extinction or reduction of pathological impurity in excrement and subsidence bellyaches. During colonoscopical inspection, in 12-18 weeks after the first infusion at 80% of the patients had observed disappearance of ulcers and erosion. In terms of 6 months of supervision of relapse of disease was not noted. All new directions in treatment of the IDI, apparently, are perspective, but while are proved only theoretically and had no practical development. Unique and enough effective and safe method at the IDI and already has clinical acknowledgement is remicade.
Prevention Of Chronic Renal Diseases
Authors: Alushi Fejzi , Thereska Nestor 
Published: October 2013

It is easier to prevent a disease than to cure it. This postulate is a foundation stone of the contemporary medicine, furthermore its mission. The Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD), amongst them the Chronic Pyelonephrites (CP) and the mass kidney reduction take an important place in human pathologies in general, and in particular in renal ones. The Chronic Pyelonephrites are chronic renal pathologies, which on one side are of various causes and on the other side are multi systemic. At the same time they tend, earlier or later, depending on their course, to bring the patient towards the Chronic Kidney Insufficiency in stage of uremia, consequently in need of substitution therapies e.g. dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant. It is worthy to emphasize that from the prevention and correct cure of CP make profit the patients, the family, the state and in the last analyses the entire society, because in that way the budget expense destined for the fore going substitution cures, dialysis, peritoneum dialysis or transplant, is considerably reduced. The same should be mentioned in relation to the CP and the mass kidney reduction, speaking about our country, which are still at the first place as the very cause of Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies (CRI), later on advancing toward uremia and terminal uremia along with its grave consequences. In general the very foundation of the CP is on the infections of urinary roads, in particular on the complicated ones, among them it should be mentioned-congenital kidney anomalies, renal calculosis so much present in our country, and pathologies of segment or vesical-ureteral reflux, and rarely the pathologies of prostate.
Early Bilingual Education Moving Towards The Dual Language Immersion Program. An Upcoming Reality Also In Gjirokastra
Authors: Kote Zamira 
Published: October 2013

This article focuses on the issues of bilingual education in Gjirokastra, in the 9-year primary schools, as an important link in the process of foreign language learning by our children. Albania has quickly embraced the concept of early foreign language learning. A memorandum signed by the respective governments of Albania and Italy in 2002 opened the way to a teaching process conducted in two languages, Italian and Albanian, in the upper cycle of the primary school and also in the high schools, so that half of the subjects would be taught in a foreign language. Through this paper we try to give our opinion why the implementation of this program of dual language immersion is necessary as an educational system based on pragmatic and functional concepts. The achievement of the dual language immersion program also in our schools, aims at a transmission of knowledge for a better internalization of the foreign language, and also at improving the perspectives of our students in the European labor market. The difficulties and the obstacles which might condition this process cannot diminish the advantages and benefits that the children studying in these schools where the teaching process will be conducted in two languages, will have over the children who will study a foreign language as a separate subject. The role of parents and a highly qualified teaching staff are important factors in the success of this process.
Strategy of Education Development Of The Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kukubaeva Asiya 
Published: October 2013

This article presents the role and influence of social factors on the development of education in Kazakhstan.Transformation of consciousness of the people led to the of the Kazakh people. The educational system defines alevel of formation of youth outlooks. The last is thatpsychological environment within the limits of there is anacquisition of knowledge. On the basis of interests, valuableorientations processes of training, education anddevelopment of a personality are carried out. Thus, theoutlook allows to integrate knowledge, defines a vitalposition and spiritual shape of people. In other words,formation, and outlook are interconnected amongthemselves that speaks about an urgency of formation of outlook in teaching and educational process. One of the basic directions of formation is education of Kazakhpatriotism, formation of national consciousness. InKazakhstan purposeful work on formation of positive tolerant relations is necessary.
Footsteps, breath and recording devices: Abandoning a camera-centric construction of ‘point of audition’
Authors: Schiffer Sheldon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The seminal work of Michel Chion Audio-Vision: Sound on Screen ([1992] 1994) postulates an analogous concept to point of view for sound in the cinema, what Chion refers to as the ‘point of audition’. During his brief discussion of the concept, he touches upon spatial and subjective modes through which the film-maker can clue the auditor towards discerning the origin from which a sound is intentionally perceived. He also alludes to how the auditor might recognize point of audition by the behaviour of on-screen characters towards sound events, of sound events caused by characters, and the recognition of tone and colour caused by microphone positioning or its simulation with signal processing. This article expands Chion’s postulations on how the spectator experiences point of audition, and challenges Chion’s own somewhat limiting conclusion, that point of audition is determined by camera positioning and its subsequent image. By providing closely read examples from narrative and documentary cinema, Schiffer proposes that the implied agency of body-derived sound effects, or sounds that refer to the processes of recording devices themselves, enables the spectator to render points of audition independent from the image created by the camera.
Linking absorptive capacity with innovative capabilities: A survey of manufacturing firms in Nigeria
Authors: Dutse A. Y. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The study was conducted to explore the role of manufacturing firms’ investments in the development of their absorptive capacity on their innovative capabilities. Data were collected from 225 firms through reliable-tested structured questionnaires and were analysed principally by testing association and predictions relating to firms’ investment in absorptive capacity to innovative capabilities. In a composite manner, the study found that investments in exclusive innovation and R&D activities are the main drivers of innovative capabilities with subsidiaries exhibiting more pronounced capabilities than indigenous firms. This outcome raises hope for further progress in the condition of Nigeria’s innovation system.
On the classification of convex lattice polytopes (II)
Authors: Zong C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In 1980, V. I. Arnold studied the classification problem for convex lattice polygons of given area. Since then this problem and its analogues have been studied by several authors, upper bounds for the numbers of non-equivalent d-dimensional convex lattice polytopes of given volume or fixed number of lattice points have been achieved. In this paper, by introducing and studying the unimodular groups acting on convex lattice polytopes, we obtain a lower bound for the number of non-equivalent d-dimensional centrally symmetric convex lattice polytopes of given number of lattice points, which is essentially tight.
An upper bound on the volume of the symmetric difference of a body and a congruent copy
Authors: Schymura D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Let A be a bounded subset of ℝd for some d ≥ 2. We give an upper bound on the volume of the symmetric difference of A and ƒ(A) where f is a translation, a rotation, or the composition of both, a rigid motion.
We bound the volume of the symmetric difference of A and f(A) in terms of the (d - 1)- dimensional volume of the boundary of A and the maximal distance of a boundary point to its image under ƒ. The boundary is measured by the (d - 1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure, which matches the surface area for sufficiently nice sets. In the case of translations, our bound is sharp. In the case of rotations, we get a sharp bound under the assumption that the boundary is sufficiently nice.
The motivation to study these bounds comes from shape matching.
Control of a HexaPOD treatment couch for robot-assisted radiotherapy
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Ma Lei , Wilbert Jürgen , Baier Kurt , Schilling Klaus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMoving tumors, for example in the vicinity of the lungs, pose a challenging problem in radiotherapy, as healthy tissue should not be irradiated. Apart from gating approaches, one standard method is to irradiate the complete volume within which a tumor moves plus a safety margin containing a considerable volume of healthy tissue. This work deals with a system for tumor motion compensation using the HexaPOD
Section plane selection influences the results of histomorphometric studies: the example of dental implants
Authors: Kopp Sigmar , Warkentin Mareike , Öri Ferenc , Ottl Peter , Kundt Günther , Frerich Bernhard 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study was designed to determine and statistically analyze bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values for human specimens segmented in at least two different locations.Samples of human bone with fractured osseointegrated implants were obtained from six patients. Sections were prepared, dehydrated, and resin infiltrated. Undecalcified bone sections were produced using the thin-section technique according to Donath, ultimately obtaining a section thickness of approximately 20 μm. Fifteen specimens were available for histomorphometry. The bone sections were digitized and analyzed. The bone-to-metal contact (BMC) parameter was determined histomorphometrically. The BMC was returned in terms of the visibly bone-covered implant surfaces as a percentage of the total implant surface shown.The values obtained for the six implants were arranged as six maximum-distance pairs and tested for significance using the t-test for dependent samples. The mean difference in BIC was 11.69±9.79%. The two-sided test showed a significant difference (p=0.033).The accidental or deliberate choice of section plane for a bone-implant block has an influence on the BIC value. To make BIC values more comparable, a standardization of section planes is desirable.
A Short Theory of the Rayleigh–Ritz Method
Authors: Yserentant Harry 
Published: October 2013

Abstract.
We present some new error estimates for the eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions obtained by the Rayleigh–Ritz method, the common
variational method to solve eigenproblems. The errors are bounded
in terms of the error of the best approximation of the
eigenfunction under consideration by functions in the ansatz space.
In contrast to the classical theory, the approximation error of
eigenfunctions other than the given one does not enter into these
estimates. The estimates are based on a bound for the norm of a
certain projection operator, e.g., in finite element methods for
second order eigenvalue problems, the H1-norm of the
L2-projection onto the finite element space.
A computational study on azaazulenes
Authors: Gümüş Selçuk 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
All possible aza analogs of azulene, containing from one to three nitrogen atoms in the five-membered ring or from one to five nitrogen atoms in the seven-membered ring, have been theoretically considered to obtain information about their stabilities and aromaticities. Total electronic energy and nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) data have been used to evaluate stability and aromaticity, respectively. The stabilities of the structures are strongly affected by the positions of the nitrogen atoms. Calculations of azaazulenes show that stability is decreased with close proximity of the nitrogen atoms. When nitrogen in the five-membered ring is adjacent to a ring junction, aromaticity of the cyclopentadienyl anion is reduced and that of the tropylium cation is increased. The number of nitrogen atoms affects the aromaticity of the system.