bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal dynamic production and price for reliability-dependent imperfect production with inventory-level-dependent demand in uncertain environment
Authors: Hazari Samar , Maity Kalipada , Dey Jayanta Kumar , Kar Samarjit 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An inventory system for reliability-dependent imperfect production is introduced in uncertain environment. The demand rate depends on the stock quantity displayed in the store as well as the sales price. With the goal to realize profit maximization, an optimization problem is addressed to seek for the optimal joint dynamic pricing and production policy which are obtained by solving the optimization problem by Euler-Lagrange equation of optimal control theory. Here, initial selling price, holding cost, and raw material cost are taken as uncertain variables, and using uncertain expectation mathematics, the uncertain variables are converted into crisp value. The numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the joint dynamic one and further show the effects of different system parameters on the optimal dynamic policy and the maximal total profit.
Modulation of de novo purine biosynthesis leads to activation of AMPK and results in improved glucose handling and insulin sensitivity
Authors: Sadasivan Satish Kumar , Vasamsetti Balamuralikrishna , Singh Jaideep , Siddaraju Nethra , Khan Khaiser Mehdi , Oommen Anup Mammen , Jagannath Madanalli R , Rao Raghavendra Pralhada 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background
AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates key metabolic reactions and plays a major role in glucose homeostasis. Activating the AMPK is considered as one of the potential therapeutic strategies in treating type-2 diabetes. However, targeting AMPK by small molecule mediated approach can be challenging owing to diverse isoforms of the enzyme and their varied combination in different tissues. In the current study we employ a novel strategy of achieving AMPK activation through increasing the levels of cellular AMP (an allosteric activator of AMPK) levels by activating the enzyme involved in AMP biosynthesis namely Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL).

Methods
Rat primary hepatocytes were cultured under metabolic overload conditions (500 μM palmitate) to induce insulin resistance. ADSL was overexpressed in these hepatocytes and its effect on hepatic glucose output, and triglyceride accumulation was checked. In addition to this, ADSL was overexpressed in high fat diet induced obese mice by hydrodynamic tail vein injection and its effect on fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and pyruvate tolerance were checked.

Results
Rat primary hepatocytes when cultured under metabolic overload conditions developed insulin resistance as measured in terms of failure of insulin to suppress the glucose output. Overexpressing the ADSL in these hepatocytes resulted in increased AMPK phosporylation and improved the insulin sensitivity and also resulted in reduced triglyceride accumulation and inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition to this, when ADSL was overexpressed in high fat diet induced obese mice, it resulted in reduced the fasting hyperglycemia (20% reduction), and increased glucose and pyruvate tolerance.

Conclusions
This study indicates that activating ADSL can be a potential mechanism to achieve the activation of AMPK in the cells. This leads to a novel idea of exploring the purine nucleotide metabolic pathway as a promising therapeutic target for diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Blocking the janus-activated kinase pathway reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced interleukin-18 bioactivity by caspase-1 inhibition
Authors: Marotte Hubert , Tsou Pei-Suen , Fedorova Tatiana , Pinney Adam J , Lewis Benjamin , Koch Alisa E 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Our objective was to examine the role of the janus-activated kinase (JAK) pathway in the modulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced-IL-18 bioactivity by reduction of caspase-1 function.

Methods
Caspase-1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts treated with TNF was assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Interleukin (IL)-18 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in cell lysates and conditioned media and detected by immunofluorescence (IF) staining in RA synovial fibroblasts. The critical pathways for TNF-induced caspase-1 expression were determined by using chemical inhibitors of signaling followed by TNF stimulation. IL-18 bioactivity was assessed using human myelomonocytic KG-1 cells.

Results
TNF induced RA synovial fibroblast caspase-1 expression at the protein level in a time-dependant manner (P < 0.05). Blocking the JAK pathway reduced TNF-induced-caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional and protein levels by approximately 60% and 40%, respectively (P < 0.05). Blocking the JAK pathway reduced TNF-induced-caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional, protein, and activity levels by approximately 60%, 40%, and 53%, respectively (P < 0.05). We then confirmed by IF that TNF-induced IL-18 and investigated roles of the ERK1/2 and JAK pathways. Blocking the JAK pathway, TNF induced intracytoplasmic granular IL-18 expression suggesting a defect of caspase-1. Finally, blocking the JAK pathway, we observed a reduction of IL-18 bioactivity by 52% in RA synovial fibroblasts (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results provide a new way to regulate TNF-induced-IL-18 bioactivity by blocking capase-1. These data present a novel role for JAK inhibition in RA patients and emphasize JAK inhibition use as a new therapeutic option in RA management.
Biomarkers and acute brain injuries: interest and limits
Authors: Mrozek Ségolène , Dumurgier Julien , Citerio Giuseppe , Mebazaa Alexandre , Geeraerts Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor patients presenting with acute brain injury (such as traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage and stroke), the diagnosis and identification of intracerebral lesions and evaluation of the severity, prognosis and treatment efficacy can be challenging. The complexity and heterogeneity of lesions after brain injury are most probably responsible for this difficulty. Patients with apparently comparable brain lesions on imaging may have different neurological outcomes or responses to therapy. In recent years, plasmatic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers have emerged as possible tools to distinguish between the different pathophysiological processes. This review aims to summarise the plasmatic and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers evaluated in subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury and stroke, and to clarify their related interests and limits for diagnosis and prognosis. For subarachnoid haemorrhage, particular interest has been focused on the biomarkers used to predict vasospasm and cerebral ischaemia. The efficacy of biomarkers in predicting the severity and outcome of traumatic brain injury has been stressed. The very early diagnostic performance of biomarkers and their ability to discriminate ischaemic from haemorrhagic stroke were studied.
Ventriculoarterial decoupling in human septic shock
Authors: Guarracino Fabio , Ferro Baldassare , Morelli Andrea , Bertini Pietro , Baldassarri Rubia , Pinsky Michael R 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Septic shock is the most severe manifestation of sepsis. It is characterized as a hypotensive cardiovascular state associated with multiorgan dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. Management of septic shock is targeted at preserving adequate organ perfusion pressure without precipitating pulmonary edema or massive volume overload. Cardiac dysfunction often occurs in septic shock patients and can significantly affect outcomes. One physiologic approach to detect the interaction between the heart and the circulation when both are affected is to examine ventriculoarterial coupling, which is defined by the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). In this study, we analyzed ventriculoarterial coupling in a cohort of patients admitted to ICUs who presented with vs without septic shock.

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional opportunity study, we measured routine hemodynamics using indwelling arterial and pulmonary arterial catheters and transthoracic echocardiograms in 25 septic patients (group S) and 25 non–septic shock patients (group C) upon ICU admission. Ees was measured by echocardiography using a single-beat (EesSB) method. Ea was calculated as 0.9 systolic arterial pressure/stroke volume, and then the Ea/EesSB ratio was calculated (normal value <1.36).

Results
In group S, 21 patients had an Ea/EesSB ratio >1.36 (uncoupled). The four patients with Ea/EesSB ratios ≤1.36 had higher EesSB values than patients with Ea/EesSB ratios >1.36 (P = 0.007), although Ea measurements were similar in both groups (P = 0.4). In group C, five patients had uncoupled Ea/EesSB ratios. No correlation was found between EesSB and left ventricular ejection fraction and between Ea/EesSB ratio and mixed venous oxygen saturation in septic shock patients.

Conclusions
Upon admission to the ICU, patients in septic shock often display significant ventriculoarterial decoupling that is associated with impaired left ventricular performance. Because Ea/Ees decoupling alters cardiovascular efficiency and cardiac energetic requirements independently of Ea or Ees, we speculate that septic patients with ventriculoarterial uncoupling may benefit from therapy aimed at normalizing the Ea/Ees ratio.
Guideline-concordant administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K is associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe bleeding under vitamin K antagonist treatment (EPAHK study)
Authors: Tazarourte Karim , Riou Bruno , Tremey Benjamin , Samama Charles-Marc , Vicaut Éric , Vigué Bernard ,   EPAHK study group
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
In vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-treated patients with severe hemorrhage, guidelines recommend prompt VKA reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and vitamin K. The aim of this observational cohort study was to evaluate the impact of guideline concordant administration of PCC and vitamin K on seven-day mortality.

Methods
Data from consecutive patients treated with PCC were prospectively collected in 44 emergency departments. Type of hemorrhage, coagulation parameters, type of treatment and seven-day mortality mortality were recorded. Guideline-concordant administration of PCC and vitamin K (GC-PCC-K) were defined by at least 20 IU/kg factor IX equivalent PCC and at least 5 mg of vitamin K performed within a predefined time frame of eight hours after admission. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the effect of appropriate reversal on seven-day mortality in all patients and in those with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Results
Data from 822 VKA-treated patients with severe hemorrhage were collected over 14 months. Bleeding was gastrointestinal (32%), intracranial (32%), muscular (13%), and “other” (23%). In the whole cohort, seven-day mortality was 13% and 33% in patients with ICH. GC-PCC-K was performed in 38% of all patients and 44% of ICH patients. Multivariate analysis showed a two-fold decrease in seven-day mortality in patients with GC-PCC-K (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15 (1.20 to 3.88); P = 0.011); this mortality reduction was also observed when only ICH was considered (OR = 3.23 (1.53 to 6.79); P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Guideline-concordant VKA reversal with PCC and vitamin K within eight hours after admission was associated with a significant decrease in seven-day mortality.
Assessment of packed bed bioreactor systems in the production of viral vaccines
Authors: Rajendran Ramya , Lingala Rajendra , Vuppu Siva Kumar , Bandi Bala Obulapathi , Manickam Elaiyaraja , Macherla Sankar Rao , Dubois Stéphanie , Havelange Nicolas , Maithal Kapil 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVaccination is believed to be the most effective method for the prevention of infectious diseases. Thus it is imperative to develop cost effective and scalable process for the production of vaccines so as to make them affordable for mass use. In this study, performance of a novel disposable iCELLis fixed bed bioreactor system was investigated for the production of some viral vaccines like Rabies, Hepatitis-A and Chikungunya vaccines in comparison to conventional systems like the commercially available packed bed system and roller bottle system. Vero and MRC-5 cell substrates were evaluated for growth parameters in all the three systems maintaining similar seeding density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and media components. It was observed that Vero cells showed similar growth in all the three bioreactors whereas MRC-5 cells showed better growth in iCELLis Nano system and roller bottle system. Subsequently, the virus infection and antigen production studies also revealed that for Hepatitis-A and Chikungunya iCELLis Nano bioreactor system was better to the commercial packed bed bioreactor and roller bottle systems. Although for rabies antigen production commercially available packed bed bioreactor system was found to be better. This study shows that different bioreactor platforms may be employed for viral vaccine production and iCELLis Nano is one of such new convenient and a stable platform for production of human viral vaccines.
Characterization of Particulate Matters in the Pripyat River in Chernobyl Related to Their Adsorption of Radiocesium with Inhibition Effect by Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Suga Hiroki , Fan Qiaohui , Takeichi Yasuo , Tanaka Kazuya , Kondo Hiroaki , Kanivets Vladimir V , Sakaguchi Aya , Kato Kenji , Inami Nobuhito , Mase Kazuhiko , Ono Kanta , Takahashi Yoshio 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Although cesium adsorbs onto the interlayer of clay minerals, coexisting natural organic matter (NOM) can inhibit this adsorption because of their blocking effect. A large amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Pripyat River (= 18 mg L−1) is responsible for the large dissolved fraction of cesium in the river as suggested by cesium LIII-edge EXAFS. In addition, the carbon K-edge NEXAFS by STXM showed that humic acid coats clay minerals in the Pripyat River, which is responsible for the blocking effect.
Immobilization of a Redox-active Catecholato Pt(II) Complex on an Indium-doped Tin Oxide Electrode via Phosphonate Anchors
Authors: Honda Hirotaka , Matsumoto Takeshi , Tamura Ryo , Kanaizuka Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kato Masako , Haga Masa-aki , Chang Ho-Chol 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The reaction of tetraethyl [2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bisphosphonate (Et4LH2) with [PtCl2(DTBbpy)] (DTBbpy: 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) afforded [Pt(Me4L)(DTBbpy)] (1), [Pt(Bn4L)(DTBbpy)] (2), Na2[Pt(Me2L)(DTBbpy)] (3), and [Pt(H4L)(DTBbpy)] (4) with tetramethyl-, tetrabenzyl-, half-protected, and fully-deprotected groups under different reaction conditions. The introduction of phosphonatomethyl groups at the 3,6-position of a redox-active catecholato unit led to slight shifts in charge-transfer bands and catecholato-centered redox processes in solution. The presence of deprotonated anchors in 3 resulted in the immobilization of the complex onto an indium-doped tin oxide electrode, demonstrating a well-defined redox response from the tethered complex.
Porous Ionic Crystals Modified via Coordination Programming through Single-crystal-to-single-crystal Transformation: Effect of Basicity
Authors: Uchida Sayaka , Mizuno Kosuke , Kawahara Ryosuke , Takahashi Eri , Mizuno Noritaka 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
By utilizing the idea of Coordination Programming, postsynthesis modification of a porous ionic crystal K2[Cr3O(OOCH)6(mepy)3]2[α-SiW12O40]·8H2O (mepy: 4-methylpyridine) (1) proceeded in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal manner. Basicities of the pyridine derivatives and potassium salts were keys to the selective formation of [Cr3O(OOCH)6(mepy)2(H2O)]+ as a macrocation. Results of the alcohol sorption isotherms showed that the sorption capacity increased almost twice without changes in the size of the channel opening by the postsynthesis modification.
Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex with a Flexible Bridging Ligand
Authors: Kuramochi Satoshi , Newton Graham N , Shiga Takuya , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A dinuclear Ru complex, [{Ru(tpy)Cl}2(µ-L)](PF6)2 (1), was synthesized by the reaction of the flexible bridging ligand L (= N,N′-bis(5-bipyridylhexyl)-cis-1,4-cyclohexanediamine) with [Ru(tpy)Cl3]. The complex contained two [Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl]+ moieties linked by L, and the reaction of 1 with AgNO3 allowed for isolation of the ligand-exchanged product [{Ru(tpy)(Solv.)}2(µ-L)](PF6)4 (2). The behavior of 2 as a CO2 reduction electrocatalyst was investigated in acetonitrile. Under N2, two reduction peaks appeared at Ep,c = −1.08 (tpy/tpy•−) and −1.40 V (bpy/bpy•−) vs. NHE. In a saturated CO2 solution, a further reduction peak, at Ep,c = −1.60 V, showed significant current enhancement consistent with electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. The primary product of the CO2 reduction was CO, and the turnover frequency was calculated to be ca. 1.4 s−1.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives with Ferrocene-terminated Substituents
Authors: Tatewaki Yoko , Mizuguchi Kei , Kato Chisato , Nishihara Sadafumi , Okada Shuji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A TTF derivative with ferrocene-terminated substituents TTF-4Fc was found to form elliptic nanoaggregates by the interaction of the hydrogen-bond networks of amide groups. Electric conductivity of the film composed of TTF-4Fc–F2TCNQ is determined to be 1.6 × 10−4 S cm−1.
Structure of Copper(I) π Complex of N,N′-Etheno-bridged Porphyrin and Its Oxidation to Di(µ-hydroxo)dicopper(II) Diporphyrin
Authors: Setsune Jun-ichiro , Su Chuen Lin , Takao Yuko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The structure of the Cu(I) complex of N,N′-etheno-bridged porphyrin with ligation of two pyrrole nitrogens and the C=C bridge was determined. The Cu–C distances are the shortest of the so far reported Cu(I)–alkene π complexes. The Cu(I) complex was oxidized aerially to afford di(µ-hydroxo)dicopper(II) diporphyrin.
Intracellular Delivery of Anionic meso-Tetraarylporphyrin–Per-O-methylated β-Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complexes by an Oligoarginine Carrier Peptide
Authors: Kitagishi Hiroaki , Minami Keiko , Kano Koji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A 1:2 inclusion complex composed of 5-[4-(tetraglutaminylglutaramido)phenyl]-10,15,20-tris(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin and per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin interacted electrostatically with a dodecaarginine in aqueous solution. Such a ternary complex dispersed in a serum-containing culture medium was efficiently taken up by HeLa cells. This cellular uptake was achieved owing to the interaction between the tetraglutamate chain of the porphyrin and dodecaarginine carrier peptide.
Microwave-assisted Production of Chlorinated Graphene Dispersion
Authors: Okimoto Haruya , Tada Ryota , Sano Masahito 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Chemically modified graphene and its dispersions are promising materials for several applications. The chemically inert characteristics of graphene, however, mean that chemical exfoliation and functionalization require a strong reactant and a long reaction time. To resolve the issues, we describe a novel microwave-assisted graphene modification technique using chloroform, by which chlorinated graphene was exfoliated and dispersed directly in the chloroform after irradiation for 15 min.
Capacitor-like Behavior of Molecular Crystal β-DiCC[Ni(dmit)2]
Authors: Saiki Tomoko , Mori Shigeki , Ohara Keishi , Naito Toshio 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
β-DiCC[Ni(dmit)2] (dmit: 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolato and DiCC: 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine) is a charge-transfer salt with redox activity. When voltages are applied, it brings about a reversible, hysteretic, solid-state-electrolytic reaction exhibiting a capacitor-like electric response. Based on the electron spin resonance spectra, the resistivity behavior, and the tight-binding band calculation, it is indicated that one can finely and reversibly control the redox equilibrium between DiCC+ and [Ni(dmit)2]− molecules by applying voltages.
Analysis of Molecular Orientation and Conformation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films on Silicon by Infrared p-Polarized Multiple-angle Incidence Resolution Spectrometry
Authors: Shioya Nobutaka , Shimoaka Takafumi , Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Infrared (IR) p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (p-MAIRS) has been employed for the first time to reveal the molecular orientation in two different poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films having face-on and edge-on orientations. The C–H out-of-plane deformation vibration mode (ca. 820 cm−1) of the thiophene ring is found to be highly localized on the ring, which is quite useful for molecular orientation analysis coupled with IR p-MAIRS. On the other hand, the C–H stretching vibration region is useful for determining the molecular order, conformation, and folding of the hexyl chain via MAIRS dichroism.
Surgical management of presacral bleeding
Authors: Celentano V , Ausobsky JR , Vowden P 
Published: April 2014

Introduction Presacral venous bleeding is an uncommon but potentially life threatening complication of rectal surgery. During the posterior rectal dissection, it is recommended to proceed into the plane between the fascia propria of the rectum and the presacral fascia. Incorrect mobilisation of the rectum outside the Waldeyer’s fascia can tear out the lower presacral venous plexus or the sacral basivertebral veins, causing what may prove to be uncontrollable bleeding. Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE® and Embase™ databases was performed to obtain primary data published in the period between 1 January 1960 and 31 July 2013. Each article describing variables such as incidence of presacral venous bleeding, surgical approach, number of cases treated and success rate was included in the analysis. Results A number of creative solutions have been described that attempt to provide good tamponade of the presacral haemorrhage, eliminating the need for second operation. However, few cases are reported in the literature. Conclusions As conventional haemostatic measures often fail to control this type of haemorrhage, several alternative methods to control bleeding definitively have been described. We propose a practical comprehensive classification of the available techniques for the management of presacral bleeding.
Low energy fractures of the acetabulum
Authors: Papadakos N , Pearce R , Bircher MD 
Published: April 2014

Introduction Acetabular fractures due to high energy injuries are common and well documented; those secondary to low energy mechanisms are less well described. We undertook a retrospective study of the acetabular fracture referrals to our unit to evaluate the proportion of injuries resulting from a low energy mechanism. Methods A total of 573 acetabular fractures were evaluated from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008. The plain radiography and computed tomography of those sustaining a low energy fracture were assessed and the fracture patterns classified. Results Of the 573 acetabular fractures, 71 (12.4%) were recorded as being a result of a low energy mechanism. The male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1 and the mean patient age was 67.0 years (standard deviation: 19.1 years). There was a significantly higher number of fractures (p<0.001) involving the anterior column (with or without a posterior hemitransverse component) than in a number of previously conducted large acetabular fracture studies. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that low energy fractures make up a considerable proportion of acetabular fractures with a distinctly different fracture pattern distribution. With the continued predicted rise in the incidence of osteoporosis, life expectancy and an aging population, it is likely that this type of fracture will become increasingly more common, posing difficult management decisions and leading to procedures that are technically more challenging.