bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A switch‐mode boost DC–DC converter for IR‐drop compensation of charging cable
Authors: Moon Young‐Jin , Yoo Changsik 
Published: September 2014

SummaryA switch‐mode boost DC–DC converter has been developed to compensate for the IR‐drop because of the finite resistance of a charging cable. The boost ratio of the DC–DC converter is adaptively controlled by an IR‐drop sensing circuit to provide the required voltage level to a battery charger regardless of the cable resistance. Implemented in a 0.18 µm BCDMOS process, the IR‐drop compensating switch‐mode boost DC–DC converter occupies 6.2 mm2 active area and shows the 93.2% peak efficiency. The proposed IR‐drop compensating boost converter can be applied to compensate for the IR‐drop of any type of charging cables. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchung des instationären Grundwasserspiegels in einem Hele‐Shaw‐Gerät
Authors: Kolymbas Dimitrios , Polymerou Iliana 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEs wird die zweidimensionale, ebene, instationäre Grundwasserabsenkung zu einem Graben anhand kleinmaßstäblicher Modellversuche im Labor untersucht. Die Grundwasserströmung wird in einem Hele‐Shaw‐Gerät als Spaltströmung modelliert. Dabei wird die empirische Formel von Sichardt, die eine Aussage über das Grenzgefälle am Absenkungsrand macht, überprüft.Investigation of the unsteady groundwater table in a Hele‐Shaw apparatus. We investigate the two‐dimensional, plane, unsteady groundwater lowering towards a trench by means of small‐scale model tests using a Hele‐Shaw apparatus. Doing so, we also check the validity of the empirical equation of Sichardt concerning the limit slope at the boundary of the groundwater table.
Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Verhalten von Steinsalz aus der flachen und steilen Lagerung
Authors: Missal Christian , Döring Ina , Stahlmann Joachim 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUm das Verständnis des Spannungs‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens von Clean Halit und Argillaceous Halit von der WIPP zu intensivieren, wurden dem Institut für Grundbau und Bodenmechanik der Technischen Universität Braunschweig 20 Bohrkernproben überlassen. Die gewonnenen Versuchsdaten dienen zur Ableitung von Parametern für höherwertige Stoffmodelle zur Beschreibung des Spannungs‐ und Zeit‐Verformungs‐Verhaltens der beiden Salzfazies. Steinsalz zeigt bei der hier angewandten Dehnungsrate ein sprödes Bruchverhalten. Bei kleinem Manteldruck erreichen die Prüfkörper einen Bruchzustand mit anschließendem Nachbruchbereich. Bereits unterhalb der Bruchspannung kommt es zu einer Volumendehnung, d. h. zu einer Auflockerung des Prüfkörpers durch Dilatanz infolge Mikrorissbildung. Mit Erreichen des Bruchzustands wird die Volumendehnungsrate am größten. Die optischen Unterschiede zwischen den Salzfazies lassen auf eine in Qualität und Quantität unterschiedliche Zusammensetzung von Verunreinigungen und Begleitmineralien schließen. Derartige Inhomogenitäten beeinflussen in Abhängigkeit des Volumenanteils das mechanische Verhalten. Daher ist zu vermuten, dass jeweils unterschiedliche Bruchmechanismen dominieren. Dieser Eindruck kann jedoch durch die Versuche nicht bestätigt werden.Stress‐strain behavior of rock salt of flat and steep storage. In order to intensify the understanding of the stress‐strain behavior of 'clean halite' and 'argillaceous halite' from the WIPP, the Institute of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering of the Technische Universität Braunschweig were left 20 core samples. The experimental data obtained is used for deriving parameters for high‐quality material models to describe the stress‐ and time‐deformation behavior of the two salt facies. Rock salt shows a brittle fracture behavior at the used strain rate. With a low confining pressure the specimens reach the ultimate strength followed by the typical post failure behavior of rock salt. Already below the ultimate stress state there is a volume expansion observable, i.e. to a loosening of the specimen by dilatancy due to micro‐cracking. The volumetric strain rate will be greatest when the fracture stress is reached. The visual differences between the two facies suggest varying composition of impurities and accompanying minerals. Such inhomogeneities affect the mechanical behavior depending on the volume ratio. It seems that in each case different fracture mechanisms dominate. This impression cannot be confirmed by the experiments.
Stabilisierung ungebundener Tragschichten im Straßen‐ und Wegebau – eine Standortbestimmung
Authors: Vollmert Lars 
Published: September 2014

AbstractZur Verbesserung des mechanischen Verhaltens von ungebundenen Tragschichten werden Geokunststoffe eingesetzt, die u. a. eine Bewehrungsfunktion übernehmen. Weisen die eingesetzten Geogitter eine geeignete Materialcharakteristik auf, findet die Bewehrung bereits bei sehr kleinen Verformungen statt. Zur sprachlich‐technischen Differenzierung dieses Gebrauchszustandes wird der Stabilisierungseffekt als Teilmenge der Bewehrungsfunktion verstanden. Die Ausschreibung und Vergabe von Produkten und Maßnahmen kann und sollte auf Basis der bestehenden Regelwerke und CE‐Kennzeichnungen für Bewehrungsprodukte mit geringfügigen Ergänzungen für kleine Verformungen erfolgen. Im Gegensatz zu Bindemittelverbesserungen wird die Wasserdurchlässigkeit nicht beeinflusst und die bewehrten Tragschichten verhalten sich ausgesprochen duktil.Stabilization of unbound granular layers in road constructions – defining a benchmark. To improve the mechanical performance of unbound granular layers in road constructions, geosynthetics are used for the function of, amongst others, reinforcement by geogrids. As far as the geogrids are characterized by a suitable mechanical specification, the granular layers are reinforced even at very low deformations. For verbal and technical clarification the stabilization effect is understood as part of the reinforcement function. Tenders, bids, acceptances and contracts for products shall be worked out based on technical regulations and CE‐marking documents for reinforcing products with slight additions, taking low strain and serviceability limit states into consideration. In opposite to layers mixed with binders, the water permeability is not influenced by this measure, and geogrid reinforced layers can be characterized by extraordinary ductility.
IMBALANCES IN THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INFANT MENTAL HEALTH IN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES: TOO LITTLE PROGRESS IN BRIDGING THE GAP
Authors: Tomlinson Mark , Bornstein Marc H. , Marlow Marguerite , Swartz Leslie 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe vast majority of infants are born in poor countries, but most of our knowledge about infants and children has emerged from high‐income countries. In 2003, M. Tomlinson and L. Swartz conducted a survey of articles on infancy between 1996 and 2001 from major international journals, reporting that a meager 5% of articles emanated from parts of the world other than North America, Europe, or Australasia. In this article, we conducted a similar review of articles on infancy published between 2002 and 2012 to assess whether the status of cross‐national research has changed in the subsequent decade. Results indicate that despite slight improvements in research output from the rest of world, only 2.3% of articles published in 11 years included data from low‐ and middle‐income countries—where 90% of the world's infants live. These discrepancies are indicative of the progress still needed to bridge the so‐called 10/90 gap (S. Saxena, G. Paraje, P. Sharan, G. Karam, & R. Sadana, ) in infant mental health research. Cross‐national collaboration is urgently required to ensure expansion of research production in low‐resource settings.
Clinical Characteristics and Evolution of Giant Cell Tumor Occurring in Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: Rendina Domenico , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Ralston Stuart H , Merlotti Daniela , Gianfrancesco Fernando , Esposito Teresa , Muscariello Riccardo , Nuti Ranuccio , Strazzullo Pasquale , Gennari Luigi 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Patients with Paget's bone disease (PDB) have an increased risk of developing giant cell tumor (GCT). This study was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and evolution of GCT complicating PDB and to compare these clinical characteristics to those observed in two large PDB cohorts, the PDB Italian Registry and the United Kingdom's Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Trial of Symptomatic Versus Intensive Bisphosphonate Therapy for Paget's Disease (PRISM) study. A systematic literature review identified 117 cases of PDB complicated by GCT (PDB-GCT), which involved the skeletal sites affected by PDB (110 patients) or the extraskeletal tissues adjacent to affected bones (7 patients). In contrast to what previously reported for GCT patients without GCT patients (83.2%) were white and one-fourth of them (24.8%) had multifocal GCTs. Compared to PDB patients without GCT, PDB-GCT patients showed a higher male/female ratio (2.1 versus 1.2) and more severe disease (age at PDB onset 52.1 ± 12.1 versus 63.3 ± 10.6 years; number of affected sites 6.1 ± 2.9 versus 2.34 ± 1.6; prevalence of polyostotic PDB 93.3% versus 60.6%). The mortality rate of PDB-GCT patients was higher than those occurring in GCT patients without PDB (about 50% versus 0% to 5% at 5 years) or in PDB patients without GCT (log rank = 29.002). Moreover, up to 98% of PDB-GCT cases had elevated total alkaline phosphatase levels at neoplasm diagnosis, suggestive of active PDB. Importantly, PDB-GCT patients from Southern Italy (45.6% of all GCT patients) showed a higher prevalence of multifocal GCT (51.7%) and of positive familial history for PDB (70.8%) and GCT (65.0%). Finally, indirect evidence suggests a decline in the incidence of GCT in PDB patients. The occurrence of GCT in PDB patients is associated with severe disease and reduced life expectancy of affected patients. The increased prevalence of familial diseases in PDB-GCT patients from Southern Italy suggests a founder effect. The observed changes over time in the incidence of GCT in PDB patients could be related to improved clinical management and/or living conditions of patients. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evidences of Transesterification, Chain Branching and Cross‐Linking in a Biopolyester Commercial Blend upon Reaction with Dicumyl Peroxide in the Melt
Authors: Signori Francesca , Boggioni Alessia , Righetti Maria Cristina , Rondán Consuelo Escrig , Bronco Simona , Ciardelli Francesco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAiming at the tuning of thermo‐mechanical features by chemical cross‐linking, a biopolyester commercial blend based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)(PBAT) (ecovio®T2280, BASF) was processed in Brabender in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP, 0–0.2 wt.‐%). The effect of DCP addition was investigated and rationalized by means of solubility tests and gel content evaluation, as well as rheological, mechanical, and molecular weight analysis of the prepared compounds. Moreover, detailed DSC and TMDSC investigations provided a deep insight into the structural modifications occurred at the macromolecular level. We found that chain branching as well as cross‐linking occurred in the samples processed in the presence of DCP, thus returning compounds having increased toughness and modulated crystalline content and thermal behavior. Noteworthy, the presence of specific, undisclosed additives, triggers the occurrence of peculiar behaviors in the ecovio® commercial blend, not previously observed in model PLA/PBAT blends of similar composition. Despite only partially soluble in chloroform, the new ecovio® DCP‐modified compounds still remained workable in the melt, thus providing a suitable, simple and economically affordable strategy to finely modulate the thermo‐mechanical properties starting from a commercially available, compostable compound.
The CCAAT element in the CIWI promoter regulates transcriptional initiation in chicken primordial germ cells
Authors: Sohn Yoon Ah , Lee Sang In , Choi Hee Jung , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Ki Hyun , Park Tae Sub , Han Jae Yong 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThe P‐element‐induced wimpy testis (PIWI) protein, which associates with small non‐coding RNAs, is responsible for maintaining the integrity of germ cells and stem cells. Thus, transcriptional regulation of PIWI is critical for its effective functional modulation. In this study, we identified the promoter region of the PIWI homolog in chicken (CIWI), and investigated the transcriptional regulatory elements that control expression of CIWI in chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). We constructed a vector that included the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene controlled by the 4‐kb CIWI promoter. The vector was expressed in chicken PGCs, but not in chicken embryonic fibroblasts. Based on promoter deletion and fragmentation assays, we found that a 252‐bp fragment of the CIWI promoter (−577 to −326 bp) was crucial for CIWI expression in PGCs. A CCAAT transcriptional regulatory element (−498 to −494 bp) was detected in the proximal region from the transcription initiation site of CIWI, and mutational analysis confirmed that this element regulates transcriptional initiation in chicken PGCs. Interestingly, the regions flanking the CCAAT element, which are positioned differently in HIWI (human), Miwi (mouse), and CIWI orthologs, were highly conserved. In addition, we predicted that specificity protein 1 (SP1) motifs modulate the transcriptional initiation of CIWI by binding to the 5'‐flanking regions of the CCAAT box. Overall, 252 bp of the CIWI promoter possessing the transcriptional regulatory element CCAAT is crucial for regulating CIWI gene expression in chicken PGCs. This promoter may be applicable for the regulation of CIWI expression during germ‐cell development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 871–882, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An interior penalty method for optimal control problems with state and input constraints of nonlinear systems
Authors: Malisani P. , Chaplais F. , Petit N. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis paper exposes a methodology to solve state and input constrained optimal control problems for nonlinear systems. In the presented ‘interior penalty’ approach, constraints are penalized in a way that guarantees the strict interiority of the approaching solutions. This property allows one to invoke simple (without constraints) stationarity conditions to characterize the unknowns. A constructive choice for the penalty functions is exhibited. The property of interiority is established, and practical guidelines for implementation are given. A numerical benchmark example is given for illustration. © 2014 The Authors. Optimal Control Applications and Methods published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible Use of Group 4 Metallocene Methyl Cations as Potential Neutralizers for FOX‐7
Authors: del Campo Jorge M. , Martínez‐Araya Jorge Ignacio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe possible use of group 4 metallocene cations as neutralizers for some energetic molecules has been assessed using quantum chemical calculations. In particular, titanocene, zirconocene, and hafnocene methyl cations were tested as neutralizers for FOX‐7, an energetic molecule that has been synthesized in 1998. Quantum chemical calculations allowed to geometrically optimize these systems and find 3D maps of the molecular electrostatic potential and the dual descriptor. Dual descriptor is a local reactivity descriptor coming from conceptual density functional theory, which reveals regions on a molecule that are more susceptible to undergo nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks of covalent nature. This local reactivity descriptor helped to orientate the FOX‐7 with respect to the spatial orientation of the respective metallocene methyl cation (MMC) to favor the interplay between these two species, thus revealing that one of the nitro groups of FOX‐7 is able to form a chemical bond with the transition metal atom in the MMC. The procedure exposed in this article highlights the fact that a complete exploration of the hypersurface of potential energy was not necessary to perform because the dual descriptor has revealed unambiguously the nucleophilic and electrophilic zones on each molecular system thus allowing to select the best geometry that favors the intermolecular interplay inasmuch as, according to dual descriptor, the MMC+FOX‐7 reaction progresses through the formation of a covalent bond between the metal atom of the MMC and the oxygen atom of FOX‐7.
A two‐factor authentication scheme with anonymity for multi‐server environments
Authors: Chen Chi‐Tung , Lee Cheng‐Chi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn a multi‐server environment, remote user authentication is essential for secure communication. Recently, Liao and Wang, Hsiang and Shih, and Lee et al. have successively proposed various remote user authentication schemes for multi‐server environments. However, each of these schemes exhibits distinct security weaknesses. The Liao–Wang scheme is vulnerable to insider attacks and masquerade attacks, and fails to provide two‐factor security and mutual authentication. The Hsiang–Shih scheme is vulnerable to masquerade attacks and cannot provide mutual authentication. This paper shows that the Lee et al. scheme does not provide two‐factor security and cannot withstand masquerade attacks. Their scheme demonstrates poor reparability and fails to provide mutual authentication. Its password change process is inconvenient and inefficient for users who wish to update passwords. Therefore, we propose a novel two‐factor authentication scheme with anonymity for multi‐server environments and use the Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic method to verify our scheme. We compare the performance and functionality of the proposed scheme with those of previous schemes. Cryptanalysis demonstrated that our improved scheme not only overcomes the drawbacks of the Lee et al., Hsiang–Shih, and Liao–Wang schemes but also satisfies crucial design criteria for secure remote user authentication schemes in multi‐server environments. This paper presents a real‐case scenario and provides practical examples. We show that our improved authentication scheme provides more functionality than the mentioned schemes do, and can enhance effectiveness in protecting multi‐server environments. We also show that the proposed scheme is efficient and can enhance the efficiency of the authentication scheme in a multi‐server environment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in noise‐based testing of concurrent software
Authors: Fiedor J. , Hrubá V. , Křena B. , Letko Z. , Ur S. , Vojnar T. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTesting of concurrent software written in programming languages like Java and C/C++ is a highly challenging task owing to the many possible interactions among threads. A simple, cheap, and effective approach that addresses this challenge is testing with noise injection, which influences the scheduling so that different interleavings of concurrent actions are witnessed. In this paper, multiple results achieved recently in the area of noise‐injection‐based testing by the authors are presented in a unified and extended way. In particular, various concurrency coverage metrics are presented first. Then, multiple heuristics for solving the noise placement problem (i.e. where and when to generate noise) as well as the noise seeding problem (i.e. how to generate the noise) are introduced and experimentally evaluated. In addition, several new heuristics are proposed and included into the evaluation too. Recommendations on how to set up noise‐based testing for particular scenarios are then given. Finally, a novel use of the genetic algorithm for finding suitable combinations of the many parameters of tests and noise techniques is presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A link selection method for web‐browser using eye‐gaze input
Authors: Onishi Kazutaka , Kajiwara Yusuke , Nakamura Munehiro , Nambo Hidetaka , Kimura Haruhiko 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMethods for browsing Web pages using eye‐gaze input have been proposed for severely physically handicapped people who cannot handle a computer mouse to utilize convenient services on the Internet. There are two important functions for Web‐browsers, namely scroll and link selection. Since it is difficult to introduce existing link selection methods using eye‐gaze input for home usage because of high costs or complexity, we propose in this paper a novel link selection method using eye‐gaze input. The proposed method analyzes the HTML source in a Web page and makes a group of links by the content of each. In evaluation experiments, we compare the proposed method with a comparative method using eye‐gaze input with respect to the average response time in selecting the links. The results of the experiments show that the average response is nearly twice as fast as that of the compared method. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gastrointestinal Quality‐of‐Life After Cholecystectomy: Indication Predicts Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Abdominal Pain
Authors: Wanjura Viktor , Lundström Patrik , Österberg Johanna , Rasmussen Ib , Karlson Britt‐Marie , Sandblom Gabriel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite the fact that cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure, the impact on long‐term gastrointestinal quality of life is not fully known.Methods
All surgical procedures for gallstone disease performed at Mora County Hospital, Sweden, between 2 January 2002 and 2 January 2005, were registered on a standard database form. In 2007, all patients under the age of 80 years at follow‐up were requested to fill in a form containing the Gastrointestinal Quality‐of‐Life Index (GIQLI) questionnaire and a number of additional questions. The outcome was analysed with respect to age, gender, smoking, surgical technique, and original indication for cholecystectomy.ResultsA total of 627 patients (447 women, 180 men) underwent cholecystectomy, including laparoscopic cholecystectomy (N = 524), laparoscopic cholecystectomy converted to open cholecystectomy (N = 43), and open cholecystectomy (N = 60). The mean time between cholecystectomy and follow‐up with the questionnaire was 49 months. The participation rate was 79 %. Using multivariate analysis in the form of generalised linear modelling, the original indication for cholecystectomy in combination with gender (p = 0.0042) was found to predict the GIQLI score. Female gender in combination with biliary colic as indication for cholecystectomy correlated with low GIQLI scores. Female gender also correlated with a higher risk for pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant after cholecystectomy (p = 0.028).ConclusionsWe found the original indication for cholecystectomy, together with gender, to predict gastrointestinal symptoms and abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. Careful evaluation of symptoms is important before planning elective cholecystectomy.