bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Epithelial Early Common Progenitors from Long‐Term Primary or Cell Line Sphere Culture
Authors: Clément Flora , Zhu Helen He , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Delay Emmanuel , Maguer‐Satta Véronique 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHere, a protocol to quantify epithelial early common progenitor/stem cells grown as spheres in non‐adherent culture conditions is described. This protocol is based on the combination of two functional tests: the sphere assay to maintain and enrich early progenitor/stem cells, and the epithelial colony‐forming cells (E‐CFC) assay to identify and quantify further differentiated epithelial progenitors. Primary spheres mainly contain progenitors and rare stem/early common progenitor cells while secondary and tertiary spheres contain progenitor cells derived from the early common progenitor/stem cell population maintained through passages and partially differentiated. Spheres are enzymatically and mechanically dissociated; the derived cells are subsequently plated on irradiated NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts for further processing, as in the E‐CFC assay. The principle of this assay is to quantify the number of epithelial colonies generated by cells present in the different sequential spheres. This assay has therefore been named the early common progenitor‐derived colonies assay (ECP‐DC). © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The First Crystal Structure of a Reactive Dirhodium Carbene Complex and a Versatile Method for the Preparation of Gold Carbenes by Rhodium‐to‐Gold Transmetalation
Authors: Werlé Christophe , Goddard Richard , Fürstner Alois 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe dirhodium carbene derived from bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)diazomethane and [Rh(tpa)4]⋅CH2Cl2 (tpa=triphenylacetate) was characterized by UV, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, as well as by X‐ray diffraction. The isolated complex exhibits prototypical rhodium carbene reactivity in that it cyclopropanates 4‐methoxystyrene at low temperature. Experimental structural information on this important type of reactive intermediate is extremely scarce and thus serves as a reference point for mechanistic discussions of rhodium catalysis in general. Moreover, dirhodium carbenes are shown to undergo remarkably facile carbene transfer on treatment with [LAuNTf2] (L=phosphine). This formal transmetalation opens a valuable new entry into gold carbene complexes that cannot easily be made otherwise; three fully characterized representatives illustrate this aspect.
Photoinduced Bioorthogonal 1,3‐Dipolar Poly‐cycloaddition Promoted by Oxyanionic Substrates for Spatiotemporal Operation of Molecular Glues
Authors: Hatano Junichi , Okuro Kou , Aida Takuzo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPGluePZ, a pyrazoline (PZ)‐based fluorescent adhesive which can be generated spatiotemporally in living systems, was developed. Since PGluePZ carries many guanidinium ion (Gu+) pendants, it strongly adheres to various oxyanionic substrates through a multivalent salt‐bridge interaction. PGluePZ is given by bioorthogonal photopolymerization of a Gu+‐appended monomer (GlueTZ), bearing tetrazole (TZ) and olefinic termini. Upon exposure to UV light, GlueTZ transforms into a nitrileimine (NI) intermediate (GlueNI), which is eligible for 1,3‐dipolar polycycloaddition. However, GlueNI in aqueous media can concomitantly be deactivated into GlueWA by the addition of water, and the polymerization hardly occurs unless GlueNI is concentrated. We found that, even under high dilution, GlueNI is concentrated on oxyanionic substrates to a sufficient level for the polymerization, so that their surfaces can be point‐specifically functionalized with PGluePZ by the use of a focused beam of UV light.
Isolation and Structure Determination of a Missing Endohedral Fullerene La@C70 through In Situ Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Aoyagi Shinobu , Omachi Haruka , Kitaura Ryo , Shinohara Hisanori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractD5h‐symmetric fullerene C70 (D5h‐C70) is one of the most abundant members of the fullerene family. One longstanding mystery in the field of fullerene chemistry is whether D5h‐C70 is capable of accommodating a rare‐earth metal atom to form an endohedral metallofullerene M@D5h‐C70, which would be expected to show novel electronic properties. The molecular structure of La@C70 remains unresolved since its discovery three decades ago because of its extremely high instability under ambient conditions and insolubility in organic solvents. Herein, we report the single‐crystal X‐ray structure of La@C70(CF3)3, which was obtained through in situ exohedral functionalization by means of trifluoromethylation. The X‐ray crystallographic study reveals that La@C70(CF3)3 is the first example of an endohedral rare‐earth fullerene based on D5h‐C70. The dramatically enhanced stability of La@C70(CF3)3 compared to La@C70 can be ascribed to trifluoromethylation‐induced bandgap enlargement.
Das Triboracyclopropenyl‐Dianion: der leichteste Hückel‐π‐Aromat aller Hauptgruppenelemente
Authors: Kupfer Thomas , Braunschweig Holger , Radacki Krzysztof 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHückel‐π‐Aromatizität wird üblicherweise bei kohlenstoffreichen Verbindungen beobachtet. Analoge Systeme mit kohlenstofffreien Grundgerüsten sind äußerst selten, wobei die bekannten Beispiele ausschließlich auf schwereren Elementen aufbauen. Wir konnten nun das Triboracyclopropenyl‐Dianion synthetisieren, ein Bor‐basiertes Analogon des klassischen Cyclopropenyl‐Kations, das zu den prototypischen Hückel‐π‐Aromaten zählt. Die Reduktion von Cl2BNCy2mit elementarem Natrium lieferte Na4[B3(NCy2)3]2⋅2 DME (1), das in 45 % Ausbeute isoliert und mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert wurde. Elektrochemische Messungen offenbarten ein außergewöhnlich hohes Oxidationspotential für1(Epc=−2.42 V), das sich auch in Reaktivitätsstudien widerspiegelte. Die Gegenwart eines Hückel‐artigen π‐Elektronensystems in [B3(NCy2)3]2−wurde mittels unterschiedlicher theoretischer Ansätze nachgewiesen. Die π‐Aromatizität des B3‐Systems ist demnach ähnlich stark ausgeprägt wie in [C3H3]+und Benzol.
A Reversible DNA Logic Gate Platform Operated by One‐ and Two‐Photon Excitations
Authors: Tam Dick Yan , Dai Ziwen , Chan Miu Shan , Liu Ling Sum , Cheung Man Ching , Bolze Frederic , Tin Chung , Lo Pik Kwan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate the use of two different wavelength ranges of excitation light as inputs to remotely trigger the responses of the self‐assembled DNA devices (D‐OR). As an important feature of this device, the dependence of the readout fluorescent signals on the two external inputs, UV excitation for 1 min and/or near infrared irradiation (NIR) at 800 nm fs laser pulses, can mimic function of signal communication in OR logic gates. Their operations could be reset easily to its initial state. Furthermore, these DNA devices exhibit efficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and high bio‐stability in different cell lines. They are considered as the first example of a photo‐responsive DNA logic gate system, as well as a biocompatible, multi‐wavelength excited system in response to UV and NIR. This is an important step to explore the concept of photo‐responsive DNA‐based systems as versatile tools in DNA computing, display devices, optical communication, and biology.
The Triboracyclopropenyl Dianion: The Lightest Possible Main‐Group‐Element Hückel π Aromatic
Authors: Kupfer Thomas , Braunschweig Holger , Radacki Krzysztof 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHückel π aromaticity is typically a domain of carbon‐rich compounds. Only very few analogues with non‐carbon frameworks are currently known, all involving the heavier elements. The isolation of the triboracyclopropenyl dianion is presented, a boron‐based analogue of the cyclopropenyl cation, which belongs to the prototypical class of Hückel π aromatics. Reduction of Cl2BNCy2by sodium metal produced [B3(NCy2)3]2−, which was isolated as its dimeric Na+salt (Na4[B3(NCy2)3]2⋅2 DME;1) in 45 % yield and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry measurements established an extremely high oxidation potential for1(Epc=−2.42 V), which was further confirmed by reactivity studies. The Hückel‐type π aromatic character of the [B3(NCy2)3]2−dianion was verified by various theoretical methods, which clearly indicated π aromaticity for the B3core of a similar magnitude to that in [C3H3]+and benzene.
Development of a non‐hydrostatic atmospheric model using the Chimera grid method for a steep terrain
Authors: Takemura Kazushi , Ishioka Keiichi , Shige Shoichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn a high‐resolution atmospheric model, the terrain is resolved in detail, and thus steeper and more complex terrain can be represented. Thus, we developed an atmospheric model that represents the terrain by using the Chimera grid method, which represents the computational region as a composite of overlapping grids. To test this model, we simulated a lee wave over a semicircular mountain and one over a tall semi‐elliptical mountain. The results show that the Chimera grid method can be used to represent a very steep terrain which terrain‐following coordinates and numerically generated coordinates cannot represent appropriately.
Light‐Controlled Cellular Internalization and Cytotoxicity of Nucleic Acid‐Binding Agents: Studies in Vitro and in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Penas Cristina , Sánchez Mateo I. , Guerra‐Varela Jorge , Sanchez Laura , Vázquez M. Eugenio , Mascareñas José L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe synthesized octa‐arginine conjugates of DNA‐binding agents (bisbenzamidine, acridine and Thiazole Orange) and demonstrated that their DNA binding and cell internalization can be inhibited by appending a (negatively charged) oligoglutamic tail through a photolabile linker. UV irradiation released the parent conjugates, thus restoring cell internalization and biological activity. Assays with zebrafish embryos demonstrates the potential of this prodrug strategy for controlling in vivo cytotoxicity.
Diarylmethanes through an Unprecedented Palladium‐Catalyzed C−C Cross‐Coupling of 1‐(Aryl)methoxy‐1 H‐Benzotriazoles with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Singh Manish K. , Lakshman Mahesh K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract1‐(Aryl)methoxy‐1H‐benzotriazoles (ArCH2OBt) are bench‐stable reagents that are prepared readily from 1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonate and benzylic alcohols. These compounds, which contain a N−O−C bond, undergo cross‐coupling with arylboronic acids by C−O bond scission with catalysts that comprise Pd(OAc)2 and biarylphosphine ligands. Such reactivity of ArCH2OBt derivatives, which lead to diarylmethanes, has not been described previously and constitutes a new activation of benzylic alcohols. With regard to the various ligand‐metal complexes that support catalytic activity, it appears that those with smaller “percent buried volumes” (%Vbur) provide better outcomes. This factor has been evaluated in the initial optimization studies and in further reactions with difficult coupling partners. Ligand electronics of the biaryl moiety seem to play a lesser role in this type of reaction. The biscoordinating bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether appears to be suitable to improve the yields of low‐yielding reactions.
Template Design and Economical Strategy for the Synthesis of SSZ‐13 (CHA‐Type) Zeolite as an Excellent Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Ammonia
Authors: Xu Ruinian , Zhang Runduo , Liu Ning , Chen Biaohua , Zhang Qiao Shi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 23/2015 is provided by a collaboration between Beijing University of Chemical Technology (P.R. China) and the University of Adelaide (Australia). The image shows the routine of synthesis for the SSZ‐13 zeolite by means of a low‐cost and environmentally friendly template and an ideal NOx exhaust control covering a broad temperature range. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201500771.
Influence of Filter Operating Parameters on Fine Dust Emissions from Pulse‐Cleaned Filter Bags
Authors: Kurtz Oliver , Meyer Joerg , Kasper Gerhard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDust emission and operating behavior of a pilot baghouse filter operated in Δp‐controlled mode were investigated for a range of tank pressures and different cleaning sequences at filter ages up to 5000 cycles. The emitted mass per cycle decreased by one order of magnitude with filter age and fourfold with decreasing pulse intensity. Cycle times also were reduced with cleaning intensity by one order of magnitude. There was no decisive advantage of increasing or lowering the cleaning intensity with regard to emitted concentration. In the long run, stable operation is crucial to maintain low emissions because a significant shortening of filter cycles would outweigh any decrease in emissions with filter age.
Hetero Agglomeration Processes in a High‐Gradient Magnetic Filter Design
Authors: Förster Eva , Schmidt Armin , Rhein Frank , Anlauf Harald , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn innovative magnetic filter in combination with a Mandhala magnet for oil filtration processes has been developed. With this filter design also nonmagnetizable particles can be separated. Responsible are hetero agglomeration processes that arise due to agglomeration of magnetizable with nonmagnetizable particles. Separation efficiencies in dependence of the particle size distribution and particle shape are quantitatively determined. An evaluation method for the quantification of the separation efficiency of nonmagnetizable particles is developed and validated by experimental data. On this basis, a statement about the efficiency of the hetero agglomeration can finally be made.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Filtration Processes Using Precoat Materials
Authors: Schiller Sascha , Hellmich Christoph , Schmid Hans‐Joachim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe highly efficient filtration of ultrafine dust emitted by biomass combustion processes with a baghouse filter has been successfully tested in the last years. To protect the filter material from the very small and sticky fine dust particles and to guarantee very high total collection efficiencies (> 99 %) in a long‐term stable process, the use of a precoat is necessary. Tests done in a laboratory and a real‐application plant show that the reuse of precoat materials can lead to significant savings. Considering the influences of different combustion processes, the associated precoat efficiencies could be calculated. With these characteristic ratios, it is possible to evaluate different process settings. Hence, the amount and the cost of the needed precoat could be reduced significantly.
Current Trends in Pretreatment and Fractionation of Lignocellulose as Reflected in Industrial Patent Activities
Authors: María Pablo Domínguez de , Grande Philipp M. , Leitner Walter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe pretreatment process to disintegrate lignocellulose and to fractionate its three main components hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, is a crucial step to enable sustainable and economic value chains based on biomass feedstock. This review provides an overview of the recent patenting activities on pretreatment. Most of these activities focus on optimization of different known processes to improve economics, such as increased catalyst efficiency, effluents recirculation, or lignin valorization. However, also a number of patents and demonstration activities based on emerging concepts for pretreatments are observed.
Using the bootstrap for statistical inference on random graphs
Authors: Thompson Mary E. , Ramirez Ramirez Lilia L. , Lyubchich Vyacheslav , Gel Yulia R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new nonparametric approach to network inference that may be viewed as a fusion of block sampling procedures for temporally and spatially dependent processes with the classical network methodology. We develop estimation and uncertainty quantification procedures for network mean degree using a “patchwork” sample and nonparametric bootstrap, under the assumption of unknown degree distribution. We provide a heuristic justification of asymptotic properties of the proposed “patchwork” sampling and present cross‐validation methodology for selecting an optimal “patch” size. We validate the new “patchwork” bootstrap on simulated networks with short‐ and long‐tailed mean degree distributions, and revisit the Erdös collaboration data to illustrate the proposed methodology. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 3–24; 2016 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Efficient bridgeless PFC converter with reduced voltage stress
Authors: Lee Sin‐Woo , Do Hyun‐Lark 
Published: November 2015

SummaryAn efficient bridgeless power factor correction converter with reduced voltage stress is proposed. In the proposed converter, the input full‐bridge rectifier is removed to reduce the conduction loss of rectification, and the voltage stress of switching devices is significantly reduced by utilizing the additional circuit composed of a capacitor and a diode. Therefore, low‐voltage‐rating diodes with less forward voltage drop and low‐voltage‐rating Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with low RDS(on) is utilized. The proposed converter is based on the single‐ended primary‐inductor converter power factor correction operation in discontinuous conduction mode to achieve a high power factor with a simple control circuit. Consequently, the proposed converter can provide a high power factor and a high power efficiency, and it is also suitable for low‐cost converter for high input/output voltage system. The operational principles, steady‐state analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in detail. Experimental results are verified for a 130 W prototype at a constant switching frequency 100 kHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐Precise 1,3‐Bishomocubanes – A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Barik Subrat Kumar , Rao Chokkapu Eswara , Yuvaraj K. , Jagan R. , Kahlal Samia , Halet Jean‐François , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA combined experimental and quantum‐chemical study of a series of homometallic metallaheteroboranes [(Cp*M)2E6B2H2] (M = Rh or RuH; E = S or Se; Cp* = η5‐C5Me5), which are analogues of 1,3‐bishomocubane, is reported. The thermolysis of nido‐[(Cp*Rh)2B3H7] (1) in the presence of S or Se powder in toluene yielded bishomocubane clusters [(Cp*Rh)2(μ‐E)2(μ3‐E)4B2H2], (3: E = S; 4: E = Se). In a similar fashion, the treatment of nido‐[(Cp*RuH)2B3H7] (2) with S or Se powder in p‐xylene yielded [(Cp*Ru)2(μ‐E)2(μ3‐E)4B2H2] (5: E = S; 6: E = Se) and [(Cp*Ru)2(μ3‐Se)(μ4‐Se)B3H5] (7). One of the noteworthy features of 3–6 is the presence of an electron‐precise trichalcogenoborato ligand. All of the compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry; IR spectroscopy; and 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of 3, 4, 6, and 7 were established unequivocally by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Quantum‐chemical calculations by DFT methods for 3, 4, and 6 showed reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed structural parameters. The large HOMO–LUMO gaps are consistent with the high stabilities of these complexes.
Single‐drop microextraction combined in‐line with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in urine samples
Authors: García‐Vázquez Alejandro , Borrull Francesc , Calull Marta , Aguilar Carme 
Published: November 2015

This study describes a method to determine nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in urine samples based on the use of single‐drop microextraction (SDME) in a three‐phase design as a preconcentration technique coupled in‐line to capillary electrophoresis. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the SDME process were evaluated (e.g. type of extractant, volume of the microdroplet, and extraction time). The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of human urine samples with LODs ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 μg/mL for all of the NSAIDs under study. This method shows RSD values ranging from 8.5 to 15.3% in interday analysis. The enrichment factors were calculated, resulting 27‐fold for ketoprofen, 14‐fold for diclofenac, 12‐fold for ibuprofen, and 44‐fold naproxen. Samples were analyzed applying the SDME–CE method and the obtained results presented satisfactory recovery values (82–115%). The overall method can be considered a promising approach for the analysis of NSAIDs in urine samples after minimal sample pretreatment.
Recovery of terrestrial plants in vegetative vigor and seedling emergence tests from exposure to atrazine
Authors: Brain Richard A. , Hoberg James 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Ten species of terrestrial plants, including 6 dicotyledonous and 4 monocotyledonous species, were exposed to a direct overspray of atrazine according to US Environmental Protection Agency seedling emergence and vegetative vigor study guidelines and subsequently evaluated for potential recovery. For each species, no-observed-effect rate (NOER), 10% effect rate, 25% effect rate, and 50% effect rate values were calculated (where possible) for a variety of guideline-required endpoints (but focusing on growth rate) for both the standard experimental phase and a recovery phase; and the rates subsequently were compared. For the seedling emergence study, the standard experimental (designated test 1) and recovery (designated test 2) phases encompassed days 0 to 14 and days 14 to 28, respectively. Similarly, for the vegetative vigor study, test 1 and test 2 encompassed days 0 to 21 and days 21 to 42, respectively. Plants were exposed to atrazine at nominal application rates ranging from 1.1 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha (0.0010 lb a.i./A) to 28 000 g a.i./ha (25 lb a.i./A), depending on the species; the 28 000 g a.i./ha rate is greater than 12 times the maximum application rate of 2250 g a.i./ha (2 lb a.i./A) registered on corn. For seedling emergence, only 2 of 10 species tested, cabbage and tomato, provided clear rate responses in the initial 14 d of exposure (test 1). Based on a comparison of x% effect rate (ERx) and NOER values for growth rates of shoot length and shoot dry weight for days 0 to 14 relative to days 14 to 28, recovery was apparent for cabbage shoot length growth rate and tomato shoot length and shoot dry weight growth rates. Test application rates selected for the remaining 8 species showed either a weak response that did not allow a clear assessment of recovery or no response at all. For the vegetative vigor study, 9 of the 10 species tested provided clear rate responses in test 1 (days 0–21); corn did not demonstrate any herbicidal response up to the highest rate tested, 28 000 g a.i./ha. Based on comparison of day 0 to 21 (test 1) relative to day 21 to 42 (test 2) ERx and NOER values for shoot length, average growth rates indicated that 8 of 9 species clearly demonstrated an increase in 2 or more metrics (cabbage did not demonstrate a response based on shoot length). Clear recovery was also indicated by an increase in ERx and/or NOER values from test 1 to test 2 for shoot dry weight average growth rates for 7 of the 9 species (corn did not show a response, and oat and soybean showed variable responses). Thus, in most species, where initial herbicidal effects were observed, the effects are largely ameliorated over time. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1284–1296. © 2015 SETAC