bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparación prequirúrgica de la piel con clorhexidina al 2% como factor de prevención de la infección en el sitio quirúrgico
Authors: Solano Castro Evelyn 
Published: September 2014

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación secundaria acerca de la preparación prequirúrgica de la piel con el antiséptico clorhexidina al 2%. Las Infecciones del sitio quirúrgico son una de las complicaciones más comunes en los procedimientos quirúrgicos y se asocian con una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas en el usuario (a), aparte de que son la tercera infección más frecuente asociada a la atención de salud. Se aplicaron los pasos de la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia: en primera instancia se planteó una pregunta en formato PICO, y luego se efectuó una búsqueda de información en las bases de datos recomendadas en el Curso de Práctica Clínica de Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia, impartido por el Programa de Colaboración para la Investigación en Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia de Costa Rica (CIEBE-CR). Se consultó las bases PubMed, Crochane LIBRARY, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Académico, CINAHL (Cummulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature). SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library on line www.Scielo.org. Se recuperó 22 documentos de los cuales solo tres cumplían con rigurosidad metodológica. Para el análisis crítico se utilizó el software Fichas de Lectura Crítica 2.0 (FLC). Se concluye que la clorhexidina al 2%, es la mejor opción como antiséptico para al preparar la piel de manera prequirúrgica ; sin embargo, es necesario desarrollar más estudios con el objetivo de determinar cuál es la forma correcta en cuanto a concentración, frecuencia, técnica y efectos adversos en la población pediátrica
Neutral Current in Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 Model
Authors: Huyen Vu Thi Ngoc , Long Hoang Ngoc , Lam Tran Thanh , Phong Vo Quoc 
Published: September 2014

This work is devoted for gauge boson sector of the recentlyproposed model based on \(\mathrm{SU}(3)_C\otimes \mathrm{SU}(3)_L\otimes \mathrm{U}(1)_X\) group with minimal content of leptons andHiggses. The limits on the masses of the bilepton gauge bosons andon the mixing angle among the neutral ones are deduced. Using theFritzsch anzats on quark mixing, we show that the third family ofquarks should be different from the first two. We obtain a lowerbound on mass of the new heavy neutral gauge boson as 4.032 TeV.Using data on branching decay rates of the \(Z\) boson, we can fix the limit to the \(Z\) and $Z^\prime$ mixing angle\(\phi\) as \(-0.001\le\phi\le 0.0003\).
Optimized Production in the Bakken Shale: South Antelope Case Study
Authors: West David R.M. , Harkrider John D. , Besler Monte R. , Barham Michael , Mahrer Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Focused modifications in drilling, reservoir, and completion engineering from 2009 to the present have improved Bakken, specifically the South Antelope field, production as much as 50 to 75%. To achieve these results, Helis Oil and Gas Company formed a multidisciplinary team in 2008 that was tasked with evaluating and overhauling its completion approach. Pre-2008 completions followed conventional wisdom: Target the Middle Bakken formation between the Lodge Pole and the Three Forks formations. Pre-2009 wellbore constructions included “kick outs” (i.e., multilaterals); openhole completions; short laterals; single-stage ported subs; sliding sleeves; and long stage intervals; and they were erratic and inconsistent. The designs and procedures resulted in a high percentage of premature screenouts. In addition, the production responses on these Middle Bakken completions averaged 330 BOPD with an estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of 300,000 bbl of oil equivalent. During the pre-2009 period, three Three Forks were completed, and these wells produced, on average, 550 BOPD. After evaluating the pre-2009 results, the team recommended ten Changes: (1) change landing target to the Three Forks; (2) increase lateral lengths approximately two-fold from short laterals (“640s”) to long laterals (“1280s”); (3) increase formation contact (completion method, stage lateral length, and perforation spacing/density); (4) refine pumpdown operations; (5) implement critical-fracturing-mechanism diagnosis; (6) incorporate proppant selection (ceramic vs. sand); (7) refine flush procedure to include monitoring and ensure consistency; (8) integrate on-site, real-time pressure management and proppant schedule including proppant slugs, altered mesh types, and adjusted ramp schedule; (9) adjust treatment-fluid design (25-lbm gel loading instead of 40-lbm gel loading); and (10) implement flowback and flow-rate control. Implementing these recommendations, Helis deviated from conventional Williston Basin philosophy and drilled 30 “1280s” during 2010–2012. These wells resulted in approximately 1,500 BOPD with a maximum of 2,500 BOPD and EURs of approximately 1.2 million BOE. They are among the best wells in the Williston basin. In comparison, direct-offset-well EURs averaged less than 750,000 BOE. The success of these wells is not the result of one breakthrough but rather the result of sound changes to engineering techniques that were carried out systematically. Applying these engineering practices, maintaining strict adherence to recommended practices, and not making dramatic, unfounded changes ultimately optimized production in this Bakken project.
Analysis of Spiraled-Borehole Data by Use of a Novel Directional-Drilling Model
Authors: Marck J.. , Detournay E.. , Kuesters A.. , Wingate J.. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
This paper describes the application of a directional-drilling model to the phenomenon of wellbore spiraling and compares its predictions with field data. The spiraling tendency of a bottomhole assembly (BHA) is determined from a stability analysis of the delay differential equations (DDEs) that govern the propagation of a borehole. These propagation equations are derived from a novel mathematical model, constructed by combining a bit/rock-interaction law, which relates the force and moment acting on the bit to its penetrations per revolution through the rock; kinematic relationships, which link the bit motion to the local borehole geometry; and a model for the BHA, which expresses the force and moment at the bit as a function of the external loads and the deflection imposed by the stabilizers. Spatial delays, associated with the positions of the stabilizers, account for the feedback of the borehole geometry as the stabilizers interact with the wellbore.
The analytical form of the propagation equations makes it possible to perform a stability analysis and determine whether borehole spiraling is expected. The coefficients of the propagation equations embody the characteristics of a particular drilling system; these include the BHA configuration, bit properties, and the active weight Wa, a reduced downhole weight on bit (WOB) that depends on the actual downhole WOB, the state of wear of the bit, and the rock strength. If the bit trajectory is unstable, then any perturbation in the borehole geometry is amplified gradually, eventually leading to the generation of a spiraled hole.
The stability of the bit trajectory essentially is controlled by the magnitude of a dimensionless group, a function of the lateral-steering resistance of the bit, the active weight, and properties of the BHA, relative to a critical value that depends only on the BHA configuration.
Predictions of the stability analysis are compared with field data from spiral holes pertaining to eight sections from four wells drilled with different bit types and BHA configurations. The paper shows that the propensity of a BHA to spiral can be estimated by the model by assuming reasonable values for parameters such as the lateral-steering resistance and the part of the WOB transmitted by the cutter wear flats. This ability means that the model can be used to optimize BHA designs and determine critical WOB levels, both of which will mitigate the creation of spiraled holes.
Postoperative Development of Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Strength in the Lower Limb After Cemented and Uncemented Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Lindner Tobias , Krüger Christine , Kasch Cornelius , Finze Susanne , Steens Wolfram , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Skripitz Ralf 
Published: September 2014

Background :Numerous studies have shown reduction of periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) after hip replacement. The effect on the whole limb, however, is still unexplored. This study’s objective was to analyse the postoperative development of BMD and muscle strength of the limb after total hip replacement (THR) and to determine links between these parameters.Methods :55 patients, who underwent THR, were included. Depending on therapeutic indication, either an uncemented stem (Group A, n=30) or a cemented stem (Group B, n=25) has been implanted. In the limbs, the measurement of BMD using DEXA and the maximum isometric muscle strength, detected by a leg press, were undertaken preoperatively and after 3, 6 and 12 months.Results :A total of 12 patients (Group A: n = 6, Group B: n = 6) were excluded due to reasons which were not relevant to the study. So, the results refer to the data of 43 patients. In Group A (uncemented, n = 24), a significant decrease of BMD on the operated extremity was seen after 3, 6 and 12 months compared with preoperative values. Isometric muscle strength on the affected extremity increased significantly after 6 and 12 months. In Group B (cemented, n = 19), with a lower baseline compared to group A, an increase in BMD of the affected limb was seen postoperatively. This rise was significant after 12 months. With regard to the isometric muscle strength, a significant increase could be observed in this group after 6 and 12 months.Conclusion :Analogous to postoperative reduction of periprosthetic bone density, a decrease of the entire limb BMD on the operated leg occurred after implantation of uncemented hip stems. In contrast, an increase in BMD was recorded for cemented stems. Regardless of the type of anchoring, a substantial increase in muscular strength could be observed postoperatively in both groups.
Detection of circulating antigens in serum samples of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis by a sandwich ELISA based on IgY
Authors: Jing F. , Cui J. , Liu R. , Liu L. , Jiang P. , Wang Z. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In the present study, a sandwich ELISA based on IgY (egg yolk immunoglobulin) was developed for detection of circulating antigens (CAg) in sere of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. The IgY-sandwich ELISA assay involved the use of chicken antibody IgY against excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae as a capture antibody and mouse polyclonal antibody IgG to ES antigens as a detecting antibody. This method was able to detect as little as 3 ng/ml of ES antigens added to normal mouse serum. A group of sixteen mice was orally inoculated with 500 T. spiralis muscle larvae per animal. The serum samples from the infected mice were taken during 1–35 days post-infection (dpi). The CAg was detectable as early as 8 dpi in the sera of infected mice. The level of CAg increased dramatically during 13–15 dpi and reached a peak at 22 dpi and remained a plateau for 3 days, then declined gradually. Another peak of CAg occurred at 31 dpi. The anti-Trichinella antibodies was first detected in 14.3 % of the infected mice at 2 weeks post-infection (wpi), and reached a peak positive rate of 100 % at 5 wpi. Moreover, the infected mice were treated with abendazole at 5 wpi and the serum CAg levels increased significantly during 2–6 days posttreatment (dpt) and then declined rapidly during 8–14 dpt. By 42 dpt, the CAg levels decreased to the undetected level, but the detection rate of antibodies was still 100 %. The IgY-sandwich ELISA appears to be a sensitive for detection of antigenemia of T. spiralis and valuable to judge the efficacy of chemotherapy in trichinellosis.
Severe granulomatous gastric lesions following migration of Spiroxys contortus larvae (Nematoda: Spirurida) in European pond turtles, Emys orbicularis
Authors: Miclăuş V. , Gal A. , Cătoi C. , Mihalca A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The European pond turtle gradually disappeared from most of its range due to various factors. Hence, conservation measures are of main concern in all European countries where it is still present. A decent methodology for assessing the effect of parasites on the health of wildlife is microscopic lesion description. In 2002–2007, eight Emys orbicularis were brought for necropsy. The presence of gastric nematodes, identified as adults and larval Spiroxys contortus was noticed in all the turtles. A discrete cellular infiltrate with mononuclear cells and eosinophils was noticed in the gastric mucosa. The most prominent lesions were severe granulomas with or without degenerated larval structures. Some of the granulomas presented a central area of coagulation necrosis surrounded by giant cells, epithelioid cells and macrophages. In mature granulomas, the cluster of macrophage cell line and necrosis were surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Vascular cuffs, hyperemia, edema and venous ectasia were also present.
Posterior parietal cortex and visuospatial control in near and far space
Authors: Mahayana Indra , Hartono  , Tcheang Lili , Chen Chiao-Yun , Juan Chi-Hung , Muggleton Neil 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNeuropsychological studies of patients with visuospatial neglect have shown differences in perceptual deficits for information in near space (i.e. near to the body) and information in far space. It has been suggested that among the many areas of the human brain, a number of areas are associated with a set of spatial maps specialized for visuospatial control related to this spatial distinction. This paper reviews how parietal cortex is thought to be involved in visuospatial neglect in relation to its control of visuospatial attention in the left and right visual fields and at different viewing distances. In particular, the importance of regions of the parietal cortex in the pathogenesis of neglect and in spatial attention and perception is discussed. Parietal cortex may control different distributions of attention across space by allocating specific attentional resources in near and far space while also showing attentional asymmetry across visual fields. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a technique offers the advantage of examining the direct behavioral effect of disruption of many of these areas with excellent temporal and spatial resolution. We discuss the use of TMS and the insights it may offer regarding the roles of these areas in neglect as well as normal visuospatial perception.
Questions de forme et de genre en traduction poétique
Authors: Szilágyi Ildikó 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The present study examines modern and contemporary French poetry from the point of view of its translation into Hungarian. Firstly, the French and Hungarian traditions of poetic translation are summarized briefly. Then the possibility of translation of “verset” (long verse), not recognized in Hungarian poetry as a modern poetic genre, is discussed. Particular attention is called to the return of several contemporary French poets to traditional versification, and to the difficulties of Hungarian translators to suggest the importance of this return. Finally, the Hungarian translation of Roubaud’s volume of poetry (Quelque chose noir) invites reflection on the constraints of Oulipo
Traductions transfuges, oulipotentielles
Authors: Lungu Badea Georgiana 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we present and analyse the challenges faced by the translator of potential literature. In the context of translation and thus of reconstruction according to a principle - a constraint that can be expressed mathematically, thus reducing the number and categories of readers - the translator’s task is even more difficult than in other translational situations. The Oulipians’ literature eludes traditional benchmarks and puts the translator to the test. However, the latter does not give in to the effort of “délabyrinther” the text
Response to Aflibercept in Patients With Persistent Exudation Despite Prior Treatment With Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Eadie James A. , Gottlieb Justin L. , Ip Michael S. , Blodi Barbara A. , Danis Ronald P. , Chandra Suresh R. , Nork T. Michael , Altaweel Michael M , Stern-Hogan Brendan S. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
This study examines the clinical response of patients transitioned to aflibercept, the newest anti-VEGF medication, due to persistent evidence of exudation on optical coherence tomography (OCT) despite regular treatment with bevacizumab and/or ranibizumab.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Aflibercept was administered to 111 patients considered for study inclusion. Eyes were included if they were transitioned to aflibercept for treatment of persistent exudation on OCT despite regular treatment with at least three injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Retrospective data were collected from medical records.

RESULTS:

Complete resolution of exudation was seen in 34% of eyes at final follow-up. Clear improvement in exudation amount or severity without complete resolution was seen in 25%. No improvement was seen in 34%, and 6% demonstrated worsening of exudation. Snellen visual acuity at the time of transition versus final follow-up after aflibercept injection did not appreciably change (logMAR 0.494 to 0.505, Snellen equivalent 20/62 to 20/64;
P
= .84). The mean center point neurosensory retina thickness decreased from 228.6 to 176.9 µm (
P
= .001).

CONCLUSION:
Aflibercept may decrease the amount of exudation in a significant number of patients. However, this reduction did not result in an improvement in Snellen visual acuity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:394–397.]
TEATRO DE COELHO NETTO: UMA LEITURA CONTEUDÍSTICA
Authors: MORAIS DA COSTA MARTA 
Published: September 2014

A dramaturgia de Coelho Netto apresenta redundâncias de temas o motivos que, em seu interrelacionamento, oferecem um quadro artístico das contradições da sociedade burguesa do inicio do século XX no Brasil. O valor do dinheiro como agente deco-rupção, a crítica ã instituição do casamento e da família, através da quebra do tabu da virgindade e pela apresentação do adultério feminino, consentido pela omissão do marido. Isfo esté colocado no jogo dos personagens, que ocupam funçõesconflitantes: ou de adjuvantes ou de oponentes, desejando, cada um deles, objetos também conflitantes. É a oposição entre o amor e a sinceridade contra a falsidade e o desejo de ascensão social. Deste choque resulta a venda do amor e da mulher.Mas, numa posição ideológica idealista, o amor e a sinceridade sempre vencem.A forma de expressão dramática, principalmente o drama e a comédia de costumes, oferece apenas uma visão sintética das tendências literárias de sua época: o Realismo-Naturalismo, o simbolismo, a visão nacionalista da terra. Em síntese, é um teatro que reflete, formal e confeudisticamente, o momento detransição que precede a eclosão do importante período modernista brasileiro.
LÍNGUA E "RECORTE" DA REALIDADE
Authors: Robl Affonso 
Published: September 2014

O autor deste artigo aborda a relação lingua-cultura, sob o enfoque de um relativismo lingüístico moderado: a língua, porque organiza e articula a multiplicidade do concreto e a realidade do espírito, é de certa forma causa das estruturas sociais, culturais e psíquicas.Depois de lembrar a perspectiva sociolingüística, passa a examinar a teoria da "Wcltansicht" de Humboldt e os postulados neo-humboldtianos, para desembocar nas "Taxionomias populares" dos etnolingüislas norte-americanos.Faz uma análise detalhada da hipótese Sapir-Whorf, criticando osevidentes exageros da relatividade lingüística whorfiana.Defende a tese de que a língua não decalca a realidade. Cada língua se assemelha a um prisma (ou grade), através do qual os falantes vêem. de maneira peculiar e própria, o seu mundo interno e externo.Note-se, porém, que os efeitos da estrutura lingüística sobrea nossa "realidade social", por enquanto, não foram suficientemente estudados e determinados.O determinismo lingüístico — conclui — nos faz entender que alíngua não é simplesmente um instrumento que nós controlamos; ela também nos controla.
ARTIGO INDEFINIDO E NUMERAL
Authors: Sandmann Antônio José 
Published: September 2014

O artigo indefinido um originou-se do numerai latino unu, línguaem que este só esporadicamente funcionava como artigo. Diverge-se sobre o aparecimento da nasal bilabial no feminino uma. Explica-o, mais Drovavelmente, a grafia de u-a. aue também se escrevia um-a Quanto à categoria gramatical de número plural só o artigo a possui, porque o numerai, indicando a unidade, a quantidade unitária, não pode ter plural.Se se considerar a distribuição em paradigmas, aparece outradiferença entre o numerai e o artigo: este está cm oposição ao artigo definido o, e aquele, a dois, três, quatro, etc. A maior diferença está, porém na intensidade com que são pronunciados.O artigo não tem "status" de vocábulo fonològico porquede intensidade 1. O numeral o tem, porque de intensidade 2. Nasrespostas, por outro lado, o numerai ocorre sozinho, formando frase. Não assim o artigo.
MÓDULOS DE JULGAMENTO NA CRÍTICA DE ARARIPE JÚNIOR (PERÍODO DE 1868-1900)
Authors: Lacerda Carollo Cassiana 
Published: September 2014

Partindo das contradições implícitas no contexto ideológico dacrítica realista, dedectadas através das dicotomías cientificismo/problema de valor, radicalismo metodológico/multiplicidade de vertentes e/ou ecletismo, o presente trabalho pretende situar a posição ocupadapela obra de Araripe Júnior, verificando as várias opções da críticagenética no Brasil, para propor uma discussão sobre a pertinência de cerlas classificações de sua produção (de Araripe Júnior) como /eclética" ou "benevolente". Vale dizer, na medida em que na atividade crítica do período de 1869 a 1900 vai se insistir pelo caráter evolutivo do pensamento autor, à busca dc métodos que melhor conciliem a tendência de incorporar o critério de valoração da obra ao cientificismo radical de certos estudos, ligam-se as primeiras soluções
REPORTAGEM DE GUERRA DAS DUAS FRENTES LITERÁRIAS ALEMÃS
Authors: Wischmann Christine 
Published: September 2014

Em princípios do verão europeu de 1975, divulgou-se em periódicosalemães ocidentais uma singular e renhida polêmica literária.Causador foi um filósofo alemão da RDA, que através de publicações alemãs orientais e ocidentais, há algum tempo se voltara contra a moda literária de compilar e sexualizar, e cuja atual crítica contra uma biografia alemã ocidental de Marx, todavia, se tornou a causa imediata de uma disputa multiplicadora. Paradoxalmente, por meio dessa disputa, entendidos em literatura alemã ocidental e oriental lograram maior aproximação.
O ÚLTIMO DOS MOHICANOS e O GUARANI: DUAS VISÕES PARALELAS DO NOVO MUNDO
Authors: M. Loureiro Consuelo 
Published: September 2014

Embora José de Alencar negasse qualquer afinidade entre o seuromance, O Guarani, e The Last of the Mohicans de James Fenimore Cooper, de fato as duas obras compartilham aspectos capitais a respeito de temática, propósito e caraterização. Ambas obras têm sido criticadas por apresentarem precisamente o que os autores pretendiam apresentar, quer dizer, uma versão idealizada em vez de historicamente exata do índio e da imensa floresta americana. Da mesma maneira que os românticos da Europa procuraram na Idade Média as virtudes de inocência, fé e coragem, Cooper e Alencar criaram os idênticos valores medievais nas regiões silvestres do Novo Mundo ao exaltarem o indígena já destruído pela civilização do branco. Peri e Uncas encarnam todas as qualidades de beleza física e excelência moral que os românticos tinham concedido a sua imagem simbólica