bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Models Modeling Resistance Training: An Update for Basic Scientists Interested in Study Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Cholewa Jason , Guimarães‐Ferreira Lucas , da Silva Teixeira Tamiris , Naimo Marshall Alan , Zhi Xia , de Sá Rafaele Bis Dal Ponte , Lodetti Alice , Cardozo Mayara Quadros , Zanchi Nelo Eidy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHuman muscle hypertrophy brought about by voluntary exercise in laboratorial conditions is the most common way to study resistance exercise training, especially because of its reliability, stimulus control and easy application to resistance training exercise sessions at fitness centers. However, because of the complexity of blood factors and organs involved, invasive data is difficult to obtain in human exercise training studies due to the integration of several organs, including adipose tissue, liver, brain and skeletal muscle. In contrast, studying skeletal muscle remodeling in animal models are easier to perform as the organs can be easily obtained after euthanasia; however, not all models of resistance training in animals displays a robust capacity to hypertrophy the desired muscle. Moreover, some models of resistance training rely on voluntary effort, which complicates the results observed when animal models are employed since voluntary capacity is something theoretically impossible to measure in rodents. With this information in mind, we will review the modalities used to simulate resistance training in animals in order to present to investigators the benefits and risks of different animal models capable to provoke skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Our second objective is to help investigators analyze and select the experimental resistance training model that best promotes the research question and desired endpoints. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1148–1156, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cryptococcus neoformans: historical curiosity to modern pathogen
Authors: Srikanta Deepa , Santiago‐Tirado Felipe H. , Doering Tamara L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe importance of the Basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans to human health has stimulated its development as an experimental model for both basic physiology and pathogenesis. We briefly review the history of this fascinating and versatile fungus, some notable aspects of its biology that contribute to virulence, and current tools available for its study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substance use predictors of victimization profiles among homeless youth: A latent class analysis
Authors: Bender Kimberly , Thompson Sanna , Ferguson Kristin , Langenderfer Lisa 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough a substantial body of literature demonstrates high prevalence of street victimization among homeless youth, few studies have investigated the existence of victimization classes that differ on the type and frequency of victimization experienced. Nor do we know how substance use patterns relate to victimization classes. Using latent class analysis (LCA), we examined the existence of victimization classes of homeless youth and investigated substance use predictors of class membership utilizing a large purposive sample (N = 601) recruited from homeless youth‐serving host agencies in three disparate regions of the U.S. Results of the LCA suggest the presence of three distinct victimization profiles – youth fit into a low‐victimization class, a witness class, or a high‐victimization class. These three victimization classes demonstrated differences in their substance use, including rates of substance abuse/dependence on alcohol and/or drugs. The presence of distinct victimization profiles suggests the need for screening and referral for differential services.
Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Nivison‐Smith Lisa , Chua Jacqueline , Tan Seong‐Seng , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study characterizes the developmental patterns of seven key amino acids: glutamate, γ‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamine, aspartate, alanine and taurine in the mouse retina. We analyze amino acids in specific bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cell sub‐populations (i.e. GABAergic vs. glycinergic amacrine cells) and anatomically distinct regions of photoreceptors and Müller cells (i.e. cell bodies vs. endfeet) by extracting data from previously described pattern recognition analysis. Pattern recognition statistically classifies all cells in the retina based on their neurochemical profile and surpasses the previous limitations of anatomical and morphological identification of cells in the immature retina. We found that the GABA and glycine cellular content reached adult‐like levels in most neurons before glutamate. The metabolic amino acids glutamine, aspartate and alanine also reached maturity in most retinal cells before eye opening. When the overall amino acid profiles were considered for each cell group, ganglion cells and GABAergic amacrine cells matured first, followed by glycinergic amacrine cells and finally bipolar cells. Photoreceptor cell bodies reached adult‐like amino acid profiles at P7 whilst Müller cells acquired typical amino acid profiles in their cell bodies at P7 and in their endfeet by P14. We further compared the amino acid profiles of the C57Bl/6J mouse with the transgenic X‐inactivation mouse carrying the lacZ gene on the X chromosome and validated this animal model for the study of normal retinal development. This study provides valuable insight into normal retinal neurochemical maturation and metabolism and benchmark amino acid values for comparison with retinal disease, particularly those which occur during development.
Clinical features and predictors of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias after cardiac resynchronization therapy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Ishida Yuji , Sasaki Shingo , Kinjo Takahiko , Itoh Taihei , Sasaki Kenichi , Horiuchi Daisuke , Owada Shingen , Kimura Masaomi , Okumura Ken 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces the mortality rate among patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and a wide QRS complex. Despite such clinical improvement, the clinical features of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VA) and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among these patients still remain to be elucidated.MethodsIn total, 128 consecutive patients with advanced HF (mean age, 68±10 years; 90 men; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], 27±7%) who underwent CRT with a cardioverter‐defibrillator (CRT‐D) as the primary prevention for SCD were examined. Twenty‐nine patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), whereas the other 99 patients had nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). At each follow‐up examination, patient‐ and device‐related data were collected. All detected VA episodes were analyzed.ResultsDuring a mean period of 1009±566 days, 30 patients (23%) experienced appropriate cardioverter‐defibrillator treatment for sustained VA. Twenty‐six had NICM and the other 4 had ICM. The first VA episodes mostly involved monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) at 187±30 beats/min (28 patients, 93%). The mode of successful therapy was antitachycardia pacing (ATP) in 60% of patients. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that among clinically plausible predictors (age; gender; LVEF; underlying rhythms; QRS duration; QT interval; ischemic cause of HF; history of nonsustained VT; and the uses of amiodarone, β‐blockers, and renin‐angiotensin inhibitors), only the history of nonsustained VT (P<0.0001) was a significant predictor of appropriate cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy.ConclusionsAfter implantation of a CRT‐D device for primary prevention, VAs were more prone to occur in patients with nonischemic HF than in those with ischemic HF. Moreover, the first VA episodes were mostly monomorphic VT, and most episodes were terminated by ATP. In addition, nonsustained VT was a potent predictor of VA after CRT.
Spatial and transmural repolarization, and dispersion of repolarization and late potentials evaluated using signal‐averaged vector‐projected 187‐channel high‐resolution electrocardiogram in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Ohkubo Kimie , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo , Kofune Masayoshi , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Sonoda Kazumasa , Nakai Toshiko , Kasamaki Yuji , Hirayama Atsushi , Sumitomo Naokata , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundVector‐projected 187‐channel electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in 45 patients with a Brugada‐type ECG to evaluate spatial and transmural repolarization and dispersion of action potential duration in Brugada syndrome (BS).MethodsCorrected recovery time (RT‐c, R wave peak to the first positive maximum derivative of the T wave with Bazett correction) and RT‐c dispersion were calculated. The corrected T peak‐end interval (T(p‐e)‐c, T wave peak to the end of the T wave with Bazett correction) and T(p‐e)‐c dispersion were calculated.ResultsRT‐c dispersion and T(p‐e)‐c interval were longer in patients with a type 1 ECG, but there was no significant difference in Tp‐e dispersion between patients with a type 1 and those with a type 2/3 ECG. No significant correlation was noted between RT‐c dispersion, T(p‐e)‐c dispersion, and symptoms. Late potentials (P=0.023) and a family history of sudden cardiac death (P=0.0017) were correlated with symptoms.ConclusionsSpatial dispersion of repolarization may constitute the electrocardiographic pattern of the Brugada type ECG and conduction disturbance in addition to repolarization abnormality may contribute to the development of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Shortening of intraventricular conduction time with rapid ventricular pacing
Authors: Sasaki Naoko , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo , Sonoda Kazumasa , Kogawa Rikitake , Takahashi Keiko , Ohkubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSupernormal conduction (SNC) of the human ventricular myocardium has been reported, but its mechanism remains controversial.MethodsWe recorded monophasic action potentials during rapid ventricular pacing from the right ventricular endocardium in 24 patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias who underwent catheter ablation.ResultsIn 7 of 24 patients, shortening of the QRS duration was observed at a pacing cycle length ≤400 ms and lengthening of the QRS duration was observed in 3.ConclusionsShortening of the QRS duration during rapid ventricular pacing was observed in the patients.
A simple algorithm for localizing accessory pathways in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome using only the R/S ratio
Authors: Taguchi Noriko , Yoshida Naoki , Inden Yasuya , Yamamoto Toshihiko , Miyata Shinjiro , Fujita Masaya , Yokoi Kenichiro , Kyo Seifuku , Shimano Masayuki , Hirai Makoto , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSeveral algorithms for localizing accessory pathways (APs) are based on the delta wave morphology, R/S ratio, and QRS polarity. However, they are somewhat complicated, and an accurate determination of the delta wave morphology is occasionally difficult. The aims of this study were to develop a simple algorithm for localizing APs using only the R/S ratio, and to test the accuracy of the algorithm prospectively.MethodsWe studied 142 patients with a single anterogradely conducting AP on a 12‐lead ECG. R/S ratios were analyzed in leads V1, V2, and aVF (R/S‐V1, R/S‐V2, and R/S‐aVF). AP locations were divided into five regions based on fluoroscopic anatomy.ResultsA new algorithm was developed by correlating R/S‐V1, R/S‐V2, and R/S‐aVF with successful ablation sites in 88 initial consecutive patients. All 55 patients with left free wall APs showed R/S‐V1 ≥0.5, and 47 (98%) of 48 patients with left anterior or lateral APs showed R/S‐aVF ≥1. In contrast, all seven patients with left posterolateral or posterior APs showed R/S‐aVF <1. All nine patients with right‐and‐left midseptal or posteroseptal APs showed R/S‐V1 <0.5 and R/S‐V2 ≥0.5. Of 12 patients with right anterior, lateral or anteroseptal APs, 10 (83%) showed R/S‐V1 <0.5, R/S‐V2 <0.5 and R/S‐aVF ≥1. Finally, nine (75%) of 12 patients with right posterolateral or posterior APs showed R/S‐V1 <0.5, R/S‐V2 <0.5, and R/S‐aVF <1. Then this algorithm was tested prospectively in 54 patients. Overall, the sensitivity was 94%, and the specificity was 98%.ConclusionsThis ECG algorithm provides a simple and accurate way to identify the AP localization.
Comparison of the inguinal and scrotal approaches for the treatment of communicating hydrocele in children
Authors: Alp Bilal Firat , Irkilata Hasan Cem , Kibar Yusuf , Zorba Unal , Sancaktutar Ahmet Ali , Kaya Engin , Dayanc Murat 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe inguinal approach is used for the treatment of hydrocele in the pediatric population. Although studies on scrotal orchiopexy have mentioned hernia or hydrocele repair through the same scrotal incision as a part of an orchiopexy procedure, there are a few studies reporting the treatment of isolated communicating hydrocele through a scrotal incision. We retrospectively evaluated and compared the outcomes of inguinal and scrotal approaches for the treatment of communicating hydrocele in boys. The classical inguinal and scrotal approaches to the treatment of communicating hydrocele were performed on 46 and 30 testicular units (in 43 boys and 27 boys, respectively). The patients' charts were reviewed to assess the operative times as well as the immediate and long‐term complications during follow‐up periods. The patients' ages ranged from 1 year to 8 years (3.6 ± 2.0 years) in the inguinal group and from 1 year to 10 years (mean 4.6 ± 2.8 years) in the scrotal group. Operative time was significantly lower in the scrotal group (p < 0.0001). The early minor complication rate did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no major complications noted. None of the patients had hydrocele recurrence after a mean follow‐up of 6 months. The advantages of the scrotal approach for the treatment of communicating hydrocele are as follows: it is well tolerated, simple, and cosmetically appealing, and it has a short operative time in comparison with the standard inguinal approach. The scrotal incision technique is an effective alternative in communicating hydrocele treatment.
Terminal Pleistocene change in mammal communities in southeastern Washington State, USA
Authors: Lyman R. Lee 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSmall mammal communities in western North America experienced declines in taxonomic richness across the late Pleistocene to Holocene transition (PHT), a recent natural global warming event. One community also experienced a decline in evenness and others replaced one species with a congener. Variability in response of small mammal communities to PHT warming is apparent. At the presently arid and xeric Marmes site in the Columbia Basin of southeastern Washington State, megafauna were absent by about 13,000 cal yr BP, evenness of small mammals declined about 11,700 cal yr BP and again about 11,400 cal yr BP whereas richness declined about 11,400 cal BP. Regional faunal turnover was, however, minimal among small-bodied taxa. Local mammal communities are depauperate as a result of megafaunal extinctions and subsequent decreases in small-mammal richness and evenness. The latter chronologically corresponds with a decrease in primary productivity driven by increasing warmth and aridity. More faunas must be studied in order to fully document the range of variability in the responses of mammalian communities to PHT warming. Documentation of patterns in those responses will facilitate understanding and enhance predictive accuracy with respect to responses of mammalian communities to modern global warming.
Interannual variation in land-use intensity enhances grassland multidiversity
Authors: Allan Eric , Bossdorf Oliver , Dormann Carsten F. , Prati Daniel , Gossner Martin M. , Tscharntke Teja , Blüthgen Nico , Bellach Michaela , Birkhofer Klaus , Boch Steffen , Böhm Stefan , Börschig Carmen , Chatzinotas Antonis , Christ Sabina , Daniel Rolf , Diekötter Tim , Fischer Christiane , Friedl Thomas , Glaser Karin , Hallmann Christine , Hodac Ladislav , Hölzel Norbert , Jung Kirsten , Klein Alexandra Maria , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Krauss Jochen , Lange Markus , Morris E. Kathryn , Müller Jörg , Nacke Heiko , Pašalić Esther , Rillig Matthias C. , Rothenwöhrer Christoph , Schall Peter , Scherber Christoph , Schulze Waltraud , Socher Stephanie A. , Steckel Juliane , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Türke Manfred , Weiner Christiane N. , Werner Michael , Westphal Catrin , Wolters Volkmar , Wubet Tesfaye , Gockel Sonja , Gorke Martin , Hemp Andreas , Renner Swen C. , Schöning Ingo , Pfeiffer Simone , König-Ries Birgitta , Buscot François , Linsenmair Karl Eduard , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Fischer Markus 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Land-use intensification is a major threat to biodiversity. So far, however, studies on biodiversity impacts of land-use intensity (LUI) have been limited to a single or few groups of organisms and have not considered temporal variation in LUI. Therefore, we examined total ecosystem biodiversity in grasslands varying in LUI with a newly developed index called multidiversity, which integrates the species richness of 49 different organism groups ranging from bacteria to birds. Multidiversity declined strongly with increasing LUI, but changing LUI across years increased multidiversity, particularly of rarer species. We conclude that encouraging farmers to change the intensity of their land use over time could be an important strategy to maintain high biodiversity in grasslands.
Neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons are functionally integrated in cortical circuits in vivo
Authors: Kuchibhotla Kishore V. , Wegmann Susanne , Kopeikina Katherine J. , Hawkes Jonathan , Rudinskiy Nikita , Andermann Mark L. , Spires-Jones Tara L. , Bacskai Brian J. , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Alzheimer's disease is pathologically characterized by extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). It has long been assumed that the accumulation of tau into NFTs causes neuronal dysfunction and death, and is a proximate cause of dementia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This assumption underlies the NFT-busting drugs currently in clinical trials and research efforts aimed at understanding tau aggregation. Our study tested the dogma that NFT-bearing neurons are indeed impaired in their ability to respond to complex sensory stimuli. Using two-photon imaging in awake mice with NFT pathology, we found that individual neurons with NFTs respond to visual stimuli and do not impair local circuits. These unexpected results suggest that the presence of an NFT does not inevitably lead to gross physiological alterations.
An amphioxus RAG1-like DNA fragment encodes a functional central domain of vertebrate core RAG1
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Xu Ke , Deng Anqi , Fu Xing , Xu Anlong , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceRecombination activating gene (RAG)-mediated variable, diversity, and joining [V(D)J] gene recombination is the hallmark of the adaptive immunity that only exists in jawed vertebrates. The evolutionary origin of RAG remains largely unknown although many hypotheses have been proposed. This study indicates that a RAG1-like DNA fragment (bfRAG1L) from the invertebrate amphioxus might encode a functional central domain of vertebrate core RAG1. We show that bfRAG1L (if translated) is a virus-related protein that can degrade both DNA and RNA and is able to introduce V(D)J gene recombination in RAG1-deficient mice after the reconstitution of bfRAG1L into a core RAG1-like protein. In this paper, we propose a model for the evolutionary process of RAG1 in the combination of previous hypotheses, and it provides unique insights into the origin and evolution of RAG1.
The Behavior of Bid‐Ask Spreads in the Electronically‐Traded Corn Futures Market
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis is the first paper to analyze liquidity costs in agricultural futures markets based on the observed bid‐ask spread (BAS) faced by market participants. The results reveal a highly liquid corn market that mostly offers order execution at minimum cost. The BAS responds negatively to volume and positively to price volatility, but also affects volume traded and price volatility. While statistically significant, these responses on a cents/bushel or a percentage basis are generally small. Liquidity costs are also virtually impervious to short‐term changes in demand for spreading and trend‐following trader activity, as well as differences from day‐of‐the‐week changes in market activity. Much larger cents/bushel and percentage changes in BAS occur during commodity index trader roll periods and on USDA report release days. The roll period findings indicate a sunshine trading effect, while announcement effects identify the importance of unexpected information and adverse selection on order execution costs. Overall, our research demonstrates that the transition to electronic trading in the corn futures market has led to low and stable liquidity costs, despite the market turbulence in 2008–2009.
The causal meaning of genomic predictors and how it affects the construction and comparison of genome-enabled selection models
Authors: Valente Bruno D. , Morota Gota , Rosa Guilherme J.M. , Gianola Daniel , Weigel Kent 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe additive genetic effect is arguably the most important quantity inferred in animal and plant breeding analyses. The termeffectindicates that it represents causal information, which is different from standard statistical concepts asregression coefficientandassociation. The process of inferring causal information is also different from standard statistical learning, as the former requires causal (i.e. non-statistical) assumptions and involves extra complexities. Remarkably, the task of inferring genetic effects is largely seen as a standard regression/prediction problem, contradicting its label. This widely accepted analysis approach is by itself insufficient for causal learning, suggesting that causality is not the point for selection. Given this incongruence, it is important to verify if genomic predictors need to represent causal effects to be relevant for selection decisions, especially because applying regression studies to answer causal questions may lead to wrong conclusions. The answer to this question defines if genomic selection models should be constructed aiming maximum genomic predictive ability or aiming identifiability of genetic causal effects. Here, we demonstrate that selection relies on a causal effect from genotype to phenotype, and that genomic predictors are only useful for selection if they distinguish such effect from other sources of association. Conversely, genomic predictors capturing non-causal signals provide information that is less relevant for selection regardless of the resulting predictive ability. Focusing on covariate choice decision, simulated examples are used to show that predictive ability, which is the criterion normally used to compare models, may not indicate the quality of genomic predictors for selection. Additionally, we propose using alternative criteria to construct models aiming for the identification of the genetic causal effects.