bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study
Authors: Leurent B. , Nazareth I. , Bellón-Saameño J. , Geerlings M.-I. , Maaroos H. , Saldivia S. , Švab I. , Torres-González F. , Xavier M. , King M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the USA, limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further.MethodData were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data.ResultsThe analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p < 0.001). However, the findings varied significantly across countries, with the difference being significant only in the UK, where spiritual participants were nearly three times more likely to experience an episode of depression than the secular group [OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–4.68]. The strength of belief also had an effect, with participants with strong belief having twice the risk of participants with weak belief. There was no evidence of religion acting as a buffer to prevent depression after a serious life event.ConclusionsThese results do not support the notion that religious and spiritual life views enhance psychological well-being.
“This Is Simply What I Do”: Wittgenstein and Oakeshott on the Practices of Individual Agency
Authors: Plotica Luke Philip 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLudwig Wittgenstein and Michael Oakeshott are often labeled conservative thinkers, and taken to theorize rigid limits to individual agency and criticism. Tracing several modes of affinity between the work of Wittgenstein and Oakeshott, one can recognize the conventionality and rule-governed character of linguistic practices and yet affirm a deeply individualistic account of agency and action. Each thinker respectively characterizes the individual as located within a context of action that is richly structured by intersubjective rules and practices. Yet each also recognizes an ineluctable dimension of individuality and contingency to action that surpasses mere rule following or the reprise of conventional practice. The very situatedness of the individual agent within a framework of linguistic practices shared with others provides the friction that enables individual criticism and transgressive political action. Wittgenstein and Oakeshott thus present a perspective on political agency and criticism that is a salient alternative to both conservative and radical views.
BARRY, BEETHOVEN AND ‘BEETHOVEN’: IMMORTALITY AND INFLUENCE
Authors: March Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBeethoven's famous letter to ‘The Immortal Beloved’ still remains a central reference point for our image of his life and music. Gerald Barry's 2007 composition for bass voice and ensemble – simply entitled Beethoven – sets this text in its entirety, continuing an engagement with Beethoven's own words and presenting a striking juxtaposition of language and music. This article explores the ways in which Barry at times underpins and in other places undercuts the apparent meaning of the words, and how he presents a reading of the letter that is clearly alive to its inherent self-contradictions. Characteristically, Barry brings together a number of highly expressive and strongly contrasted musical characters in this work; an examination of aspects of his compositional language illustrates how material is propagated and form articulated, and explores the way in which these techniques interact in the creation of an expressive and emotionally charged whole.
ThePavāraṇā Suttaand “liberation in both ways” as against “liberation by wisdom”
Authors: Kuan Tse-fu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThere are six complete versions of thePavāraṇā Sutta(Pravāraṇā Sūtra). TheEkottarika Āgamaversion (EĀ 32.5) differs significantly from the other five. It contains an episode involving Ānanda, a non-arhat, which is not found in the other five versions. In the five versions other than EĀ 32.5, this Pravāraṇā ceremony is depicted as an assembly of arhats, who are endowed with different “liberations”. This paper shows that such divergences are correlated with one another and that EĀ 32.5 could be earlier than the other versions. In this connection I elucidate diverse notions of liberation as developed in the textual history and discuss the possibility that sectarian stance on the issue of liberation has a bearing on the inclusion of various types of arhats in the five versions, and their exclusion from EĀ 32.5, whose sectarian affiliation is identified in this study as Mahāsāṃghika.
An Evaluation of Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in North Carolina, 2003-2010
Authors: Horney Jennifer , Davis Meredith K. , Davis Sarah E.H. , Fleischauer Aaron 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionCommunity Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) is a group of tools and methods designed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide rapid, reliable, and accurate population-based public health information. Since 2003, North Carolina public health professionals have used CASPERs to facilitate public health emergency responses and gather information on other topics including routine community health assessments.ProblemTo date, there has been no evaluation of CASPER use by public health agencies at the state or local level in the US.MethodsLocal health departments of North Carolina reported when and how CASPERs were used during the period 2003 to 2010 via an online survey. Data on barriers and future plans for using CASPERs also were collected.ResultsFifty-two of North Carolina's 85 local health departments (61%) completed the survey. Twenty-eight departments reported 46 instances of CASPER use during 2003 to 2010. The majority of CASPERs were performed for community health assessments (n = 20, 43%) or exercises (n = 11, 24%). Fifty-six percent of respondents indicated they were “likely” or “very likely” to use CASPERs in the future; those who had prior experience with CASPERs were significantly more likely (P = .02) to report planned future use of CASPERs compared to those without prior experience with the tool. Lack of training, equipment, and time were the most frequently reported barriers to using CASPERs.ConclusionsLocal public health agencies with clear objectives and goals can effectively use CASPERs in both routine public health practice and disaster settings.HorneyJ, DavisMK, DavisSEH, FleischauerA. An evaluation of Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in North Carolina, 2003-2010. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(2):1–5.
Convergent mechanisms for dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control in metabolic disease: implications for mitochondrial therapeutics
Authors: Mitchell Tanecia , Chacko Balu , Ballinger Scott W. , Bailey Shannon M. , Zhang Jianhua , Darley-Usmar Victor 
Published: January 2013

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a broad range of pathologies including diabetes, ethanol toxicity, metabolic syndrome and cardiac failure. It is now becoming clear that maintaining mitochondrial quality through a balance between biogenesis, reserve capacity and mitophagy is critical in determining the response to metabolic or xenobiotic stress. In diseases associated with metabolic stress, such as Type II diabetes and non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatosis, the mitochondria are subjected to multiple ‘hits’ such as hypoxia and oxidative and nitrative stress, which can overwhelm the mitochondrial quality control pathways. In addition, the underlying mitochondrial genetics that evolved to accommodate high-energy demand, low-calorie supply environments may now be maladapted to modern lifestyles (low-energy demand, high-calorie environments). The pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory environment of a sedentary western lifestyle has been associated with modified redox cell signalling pathways such as steatosis, hypoxic signalling, inflammation and fibrosis. These data suggest that loss of mitochondrial quality control is intimately associated with the aberrant activation of redox cell signalling pathways under pathological conditions. In the present short review, we discuss evidence from alcoholic liver disease supporting this concept, the insights obtained from experimental models and the application of bioenergetic-based therapeutics in the context of maintaining mitochondrial quality.
Exosomes and communication between tumours and the immune system: are all exosomes equal?
Authors: Bobrie Angélique , Théry Clotilde 
Published: January 2013

Communication between cells is particularly important during tumour progression. Communication can take place through direct cell–cell interactions, but also through extracellular secretion of mediators acting at a distance. These mediators can be either soluble molecules or more complex structures called membrane vesicles, enclosing soluble factors within a lipid bilayer. A variety of extracellular membrane vesicles have been described, for instance microvesicles, ectosomes and a subtype called exosomes. The role of exosomes in tumour progression has been studied extensively in the last 10 years. In the present mini-review, we discuss our recent results, first showing the heterogeneity of the vesicles called exosomes and the probable existence of subpopulations of these exosomes, and secondly demonstrating that in vivo secretion of exosomes by some tumours can promote tumour progression, but that such a function cannot be generalized to all tumours and all exosomes.
A 32-month follow-up study of nanovesicle concentrations in blood from 12 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour treated with imatinib
Authors: Ogorevc Eva , Štukelj Roman , Bedina-Zavec Apolonija , Šuštar Vid , Šimundić Metka , Kralj-Iglič Veronika , Janša Rado 
Published: January 2013

Clinical studies have indicated that the NV (nanovesicle) concentration in blood samples is a potential indicator of clinical status and can be used to follow the development of the disease. For 32 months, we monitored the effect of imatinib treatment on NV concentrations in blood samples from 12 patients with GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumour). The NV concentration before the treatment increased with respect to control by a factor of 3.5 on average (range 2.6–9.2). The first week after initiation of the treatment, the NV concentration increased considerably, by a factor of 13 on average (range 5.9–21.2), whereas on average, after 1 month, it decreased to the level of the control and remained at that level for at least 1.5 years. Recent assessment (after 2.5 years) showed a somewhat increased NV concentration, by a factor of 2 on average (range 0.7–3.9). Low NV concentrations in blood samples during the treatment reflect a favourable effect of imatinib in these patients and no remission of the disease was hitherto observed.
Microvesiculation and Disease
Authors: Inal Jameel M. , Fairbrother Una , Heugh Sheelagh 
Published: January 2013

The important roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of various diseases are rapidly being elucidated. As important vehicles of intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles, which comprise microvesicles and exosomes, are revealing important roles in cancer tumorigenesis and metastases and in the spread of infectious disease. The September 2012 Focused Meeting ‘Microvesiculation and Disease’ brought together researchers working on extracellular vesicles. The papers in this issue of Biochemical Society Transactions review work in areas including HIV infection, kidney disease, hypoxia-mediated tumorigenesis and down-regulation of immune cell functions in acute myeloid leukaemia by tumour-derived exosomes. In all cases, microvesicles and exosomes have been demonstrated to be important factors leading to the pathophysiology of disease or indeed as therapeutic vehicles in possible new treatments. The aim was, having enhanced our molecular understanding of the contribution of microvesicles and exosomes to disease in vitro, to begin to apply this knowledge to in vivo models of disease.
Exosomes as a novel way of interneuronal communication
Authors: Chivet Mathilde , Javalet Charlotte , Hemming Fiona , Pernet-Gallay Karin , Laulagnier Karine , Fraboulet Sandrine , Sadoul Rémy 
Published: January 2013

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles which stem from endosomes fusing with the plasma membrane; they contain lipids, proteins and RNAs that are able to modify receiving cells. Functioning of the brain relies on synapses, and certain patterns of synaptic activity can change the strength of responses at sparse groups of synapses, to modulate circuits underlying associations and memory. These local changes of the synaptic physiology in one neuron driven by another have, so far, been explained by classical signal transduction modulating transcription, translation and post-translational modifications. We have accumulated in vitro evidence that exosomes released by neurons in a way depending on synaptic activity can be recaptured by other neurons. Some lipids, proteins and RNAs contained in exosomes secreted by emitting neurons could directly modify signal transduction and protein expression in receiving cells. Exosomes may be an ideal mechanism for anterograde and retrograde information transfer across synapses underlying local changes in synaptic plasticity. Exosomes might also participate in the spreading across the nervous system of pathological proteins such as PrPSc (abnormal disease-specific conformation of prion protein), APP (amyloid precursor protein) fragments, phosphorylated tau or α-synuclein.
CQPweb — combining power, flexibility and usability in a corpus analysis tool
Authors: Hardie Andrew 
Published: January 2013

CQPweb is a new web-based corpus analysis system, intended to address the conflicting requirements for usability and power in corpus analysis software. To do this, its user interface emulates the BNCweb system. Like BNCweb, CQPweb is built on two separate query technologies: the IMS Open Corpus Workbench and the MySQL relational database. CQPweb’s main innovative feature is its flexibility; its more generalised data model makes it compatible with any corpus. The analysis options available in CQPweb include: concordancing; collocations; distribution tables and charts; frequency lists; and keywords or key tags.
An evaluation of CQPweb against criteria earlier laid down for a future web-based corpus analysis tool suggests that it fulfils many, but not all, of the requirements foreseen for such a piece of software. Despite some limitations, in making a sophisticated query system accessible to untrained users, CQPweb combines ease of use, power and flexibility to a very high degree.
Frequency and Severity of Trauma in Fishes Subjected to Multiple-Pass Depletion Electrofishing
Authors: Panek Frank M. , Densmore Christine L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The incidence and severity of trauma associated with multiple-pass electrofishing and the effects on short-term (30-d) survival and growth of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, and five representative co-inhabiting nontarget or bycatch species were examined. Fish were held in four rectangular fiberglass tanks (190 × 66 cm) equipped with electrodes, a gravel–cobble stream substrate, and continuous water flow. Fish were exposed to one, two, or three electroshocks (100-V, 60-Hz pulsed DC) spaced 1 h apart or were held as a control. The heterogeneous field produced a mean (±SD) voltage gradient of 0.23 ± 0.024 V/cm (range = 0.20–0.30 V/cm) with a duty cycle of 30% and a 5-s exposure. Radiographs of 355 fish were examined for evidence of spinal injuries, and necropsies were performed on 303 fish to assess hemorrhagic trauma in soft tissue. Using linear regression, we demonstrated significant relationships between the number of electrical shocks and the frequency and severity of hemorrhagic and spinal trauma in each of the nontarget species (Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides). Most of the injuries in these species were either minor or moderate. Rainbow Trout and Brook Trout generally sustained the highest incidence and severity of injuries, but those injuries were generally independent of the number of treatments. The 30-d postshock survival for the trout species was greater than 94%; survival for the bycatch species ranged from 80% (Fathead Minnow) to 100% (Green Sunfish and Channel Catfish). There were no significant differences in 30-d postshock condition factors despite observations of altered feeding behavior lasting several days to 1 week posttreatment in several of the study species.
Received June 27, 2012; accepted November 20, 2012
Application of seismic full waveform inversion to monitor CO2 injection: modelling and a real data example from the Ketzin site, Germany
Authors: Zhang Fengjiao , Juhlin Christopher , Ivandic Monika , Lüth Stefan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSeismic monitoring of an injected carbon dioxide (CO2) distribution at depth is an important issue in the geological storage of CO2. To help monitor changes in the subsurface during CO2 injection a series of 2D seismic surveys were acquired within the framework of the CO2SINK and CO2MAN projects at Ketzin, Germany at different stages of the injection process. Here we investigate using seismic full waveform inversion as a qualitative tool for time‐lapse seismic monitoring given the constraints of the limited maximum offsets of the 2D seismic data. Prior to applying the inversion to the real data we first made a number of benchmark tests on synthetic data using a similar geometry as in the real data. Results from the synthetic benchmark tests show that it is difficult to recover the true value of the velocity anomaly due to the injection but that it is possible to qualitatively locate the distribution of the injected CO2. After the synthetic studies, we applied seismic full waveform inversion on the real time‐lapse data from the Ketzin site along with conventional time‐lapse processing. Both methods show a similar qualitative distribution of the injected CO2 and agree well with expectations based upon more extensive 3D time‐lapse monitoring in the area.
Risk, governance and the experience of care
Authors: Hillman Alexandra , Tadd Win , Calnan Sian , Calnan Michael , Bayer Antony , Read Simon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDrawing on perspectives from the governmentality literature and the sociology of risk, this article explores the strategies, tools and mechanisms for managing risk in acute hospital trusts in the United Kingdom. The article uses qualitative material from an ethnographic study of four acute hospital trusts undertaken between 2008 and 2010 focusing on the provision of dignified care for older people. Extracts from ethnographic material show how the organisational mechanisms that seek to manage risk shape the ways in which staff interact with and care for patients. The article bridges the gap between the sociological analysis of policy priorities, management strategy and the organisational cultures of the NHS, and the everyday interactions of care provision. In bringing together this ethnographic material with sociological debates on the regulation of healthcare, the article highlights the specific ways in which forms of governance shape how staff care for their patients challenging the possibility of providing dignified care for older people.
Life in and after the Armed Forces: social networks and mental health in the UK military
Authors: Hatch Stephani L. , Harvey Samuel B. , Dandeker Christopher , Burdett Howard , Greenberg Neil , Fear Nicola T. , Wessely Simon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on the influence of structural aspects of social integration (social networks and social participation outside work) on mental health (common mental disorders (CMD), that is, depression and anxiety symptoms, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol misuse). This study examines differences in levels of social integration and associations between social integration and mental health among service leavers and personnel still in service. Data were collected from regular serving personnel (n = 6511) and regular service leavers (n = 1753), from a representative cohort study of the Armed Forces in the UK. We found that service leavers reported less social participation outside work and a general disengagement with military social contacts in comparison to serving personnel. Service leavers were more likely to report CMD and PTSD symptoms. The increased risk of CMD but not PTSD symptoms, was partially accounted for by the reduced levels of social integration among the service leavers. Maintaining social networks in which most members are still in the military is associated with alcohol misuse for both groups, but it is related to CMD and PTSD symptoms for service leavers only.
Characterizing genic and nongenic molecular markers: comparison of microsatellites andSNPs
Authors: DeFaveri Jacquelin , Viitaniemi Heidi , Leder Erica , Merilä Juha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe implications of transitioning to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) from microsatellite markers (MSs) have been investigated in a number of population genetics studies, but the effect of genomic location on the amount of information each type of marker reveals has not been explored in detail. We developed novelSNPmarkers flanking 1 kb regions of 13 genic (within gene or <1 kb away from gene) and 13 nongenic (>10 kb from annotated gene)MSs in the threespine stickleback genome to obtain comparable data for both types of markers. We analysed patterns of genetic diversity and divergence on various geographic scales after converting theSNPloci within each genomic region into haplotypes. Marker type (SNPhaplotype orMS) and location (genic or nongenic) significantly affected most estimates of population diversity and divergence. Between‐lineage divergence was significantly higher inSNPhaplotypes (genic and nongenic), however, within‐lineage divergence was similar between marker types. Most divergence and diversity measures were uncorrelated between markers, except for population differentiation which was correlated betweenMSs andSNPhaplotypes (both genic and nongenic). Broad‐scale population structure and assignment were similarly resolved by both marker types, however, only theMSs were able to delimit fine‐scale population structuring, particularly when genic and nongenic markers were combined. These results demonstrate that estimates of genetic variability and differentiation among populations can be strongly influenced by marker type, their genomic location in relation to genes and by the interaction of these two factors. This highlights the importance of having an awareness of the inherent strengths and limitations associated with different molecular tools to select the most appropriate methods for accurately addressing various ecological and evolutionary questions.