bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of primary empty sella syndrome on pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease
Authors: Mehta Gautam U. , Bakhtian Kamran D. , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: May 2014

Object
Primary empty sella syndrome (ESS) results from herniation of arachnoid mater into the pituitary fossa. It has been suggested to have a negative effect on pituitary surgery; however, outcomes in this cohort have not been defined. This study was performed to determine the effect of ESS on immediate and long-term biochemical outcome after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease (CD).

Methods
Using a matched cohort study design, the authors followed patients treated with pituitary surgery for CD with and without ESS. Complete ESS was defined as pituitary gland height ≤ 2 mm, whereas partial ESS was defined as pituitary gland height > 2 mm but less than three-quarters of the total sellar depth. The primary end points were immediate and long-term biochemical outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks were recorded as a secondary end point.

Results
Seventy-eight patients with CD and primary ESS were identified and matched with 78 patients with CD without ESS. After surgical management, immediate biochemical remission was achieved in 69 patients (88%) with ESS and 75 controls (96%, p = 0.10). Long-term remission was achieved in most patients in both groups (5-year cure: 85% vs 92%, p = 0.10). Among patients with ESS, the presence of complete ESS predicted a worse long-term outcome (p = 0.04). Intraoperative CSF leaks were significantly more frequent with ESS (54% vs 24%, p < 0.001), and despite sellar floor repair, the rate of postoperative CSF leaks was also increased (6% vs 3%, p = 0.27).

Conclusions
Biochemical outcome after pituitary surgery for CD was worse in patients with complete ESS, and the risk of a CSF leak was increased with both partial and complete ESS. However, as outcome remains superior to those following alternative therapies and the biology of these tumors is unchanged in the setting of ESS, pituitary surgery should remain the initial treatment of choice.
Mattress Bridge Sutures for Graft Fixation in Pediatric Keratoplasty: New Use of an Old Technique
Authors: Parrish Carolyn M , Faris David A , O'Day Denis M 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Because of decreased scleral rigidity of tissue, penetrating keratoplasty in the pediatric age group is difficult. We have applied an early keratoplasty technique of graft fixation with indirect "bridge" or "overlay" sutures to temporarily stabilize the graft and facilitate wound closure.
Surface Reaction on Glass Anterior Chamber Foreign-body Removed 24 Hours After Injury
Authors: Wolter J Reimer , Lindenmuth Kim A 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
An early stage in the formation of a reactive membrane on the exposed surface of a glass foreign body in the anterior chamber is demonstrated. It is emphasized that the formation of reactive membranes on the surface of foreign bodies in the anterior segment of the eye give the cytologic impression of different stages of successful adaptation.
Role of Nd:YAG Peripheral Iridectomy in the Management of Ocular Hypertension With a Narrow Angle
Authors: Romano J H , Hitchings R A , Pooinasawmy D 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
One half of 20 patients (40 eyes) with ocular hypertension and occludable angles, some with peripheral anterior synechiae, were randomly assigned for treatment by Nd: YAG laser iridotomy. Pre-randomization patients required pilocarpine to maintain normal intraocular tension. Following laser treatment, all eyes were followed a minimum of 12 months (mean of 24). In the nonlaser-treated group, pilocarpine alone controlled intraocular pressure. In the laser treated group, eyes without peripheral anterior synechiae required fewer medications to maintain normal pressures while eyes with peripheral anterior synechiae required more. Although relief of pupillary block by laser iridotomy can facilitate managment of this group of patients, preexisting peripheral anterior synechiae may be associated with greater therapeutic requirements following laser treatment.
Landscape reaction, response, and recovery following the catastrophic 1918 Katla jökulhlaup, southern Iceland
Authors: Duller Robert A. , Warner Nicholas H. , McGonigle Christopher , De Angelis Silvio , Russell Andrew J. , Mountney Nigel P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne of the largest recorded glacier outburst floods (jökulhlaups) occurred in 1918, generated by the last major subglacial eruption of Katla volcano in southern Iceland. Using digitized historical topographic surveys and field observations from the main proglacial outwash plain (Mýrdalssandur), we document the reaction of Mýrdalssandur to the 1918 event and subsequent response and recovery. Our analysis highlights the longevity of elevated topography, over the recovery period, and the complete reorganization of the main perennial meltwater channel system, both of which will affect and condition the flow routing and impact of future jökulhlaups. The jökulhlaup deposited approximately 2 km3 of sediment onto Mýrdalssandur immediately after the event and extended the coastline by several kilometers. However, 80% of this material by volume has since been removed by surface and subsurface water flow on the main sandur and by marine reworking at the coast. By 2007, the surface elevation at specific locations on the outwash plain and the position of the coastline were similar to those in 1904, indicating near‐complete recovery of the landscape. Despite this, the Mýrdalssandur coastline has experienced net advance over the past 1000 years. Using our calculated characteristic landscape response and recovery values following the 1918 event (60 years and 120 years) we deduce that the landscape has been in a dominant state of transience, with regard to forcing frequency and timescale of recovery, over the past 1000 years, which has facilitated long‐term landscape growth.
An objective regional cloud mask algorithm for GOES infrared imager radiance assimilation
Authors: Zou Xiaolei , Da Cheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA local, regime‐dependent cloud mask (CM) algorithm is developed for isolating cloud‐free pixels from cloudy pixels for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager radiance assimilation using mesoscale forecast models. In this CM algorithm, thresholds for six different CM tests are determined by a one‐dimensional optimization approach based on probability distribution functions of the nearby cloudy and clear‐sky pixels within a 10° × 10° box centered at a target pixel. It is shown that the optimizal thresholds over land are, in general, larger and display more spatial variations than over ocean. The performance of the proposed CM algorithm is compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CM for a 1 week period from 19 to 23 May 2008. Based on MODIS CM results, the average Probability of Correct Typing reaches 92.94% and 91.50% over land and ocean, respectively.
Gradient and weather resistant hybrid super‐hydrophobic coating based on fluorinated epoxy resin
Authors: Li Jin‐Hua , Weng Rui , Di Xi‐Qiang , Yao Zeng‐Wen 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA weather resistant super‐hydrophobic coating that can offer good substrate adhesion and yet to be easily processed at large scale can be of practical use in emerging fields of self‐cleaning and anti‐icing paint, combing all these properties together remains challenging task. Here we describe a composite coating composed of a fluorinated epoxy resin emulsion with embedded in situ surface‐modified dual‐scale nano‐silica, which displayed durable super‐hydrophobicity and excellent adhesive strength. The as‐prepared coating possesses water contact angle of 158.6 ± 1°, sliding angle around 3.8 ± 0.2° which remain stable even under acidic/alkaline, heat/cool, and accelerated aging treatment. The results demonstrate that surface roughness had a micron‐ and nanometer scale distribution with increased particle loading beyond 40 wt %. Through quantitative comparison of surface Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) with bulk FT‐IR transmission spectra, a gradient coating with surface enrichment of hydrophobic groups was determined. The air‐side fluorinated polysiloxane‐rich layer endows coating with weather‐resistance and ultra‐hydrophobicity while bottom epoxy resin layer enhances substrate adhesion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40955.
Structural similarity between β3‐peptides synthesized from β3‐homo‐amino acids and aspartic acid monomers
Authors: Ahmed Sahar , Sprules Tara , Kaur Kamaljit 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTFormation of stable secondary structures by oligomers that mimic natural peptides is a key asset for enhanced biological response. Here we show that oligomeric β3‐hexapeptides synthesized from l‐aspartic acid monomers (β3‐peptides 1, 5a, and 6) or homologated β3‐amino acids (β3‐peptide 2), fold into similar stable 14‐helical secondary structures in solution, except that the former form right‐handed 14‐helix and the later form left‐handed 14‐helix. β3‐Peptides from l‐Asp monomers contain an additional amide bond in the side chains that provides opportunities for more hydrogen bonding. However, based on the NMR solution structures, we found that β3‐peptide from l‐Asp monomers (1) and from homologated amino acids (2) form similar structures with no additional side‐chain interactions. These results suggest that the β3‐peptides derived from l‐Asp are promising peptide‐mimetics that can be readily synthesized using l‐Asp monomers as well as the right‐handed 14‐helical conformation of these β3‐peptides (such as 1 and 6) may prove beneficial in the design of mimics for right‐handed α‐helix of α‐peptides. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 102: 359–367, 2014.
Macroscopic and microscopic deformation coupling in up‐sampled cloth simulation
Authors: Saito Shunsuke , Umetani Nobuyuki , Morishima Shigeo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTVarious methods of predicting the deformation of fine‐scale cloth from coarser resolutions have been explored. However, the influence of fine‐scale deformation has not been considered in coarse‐scale simulations. Thus, the simulation of highly nonhomogeneous detailed cloth is prone to large errors. We introduce an effective method to simulate cloth made of nonhomogeneous, anisotropic materials. We precompute a macroscopic stiffness that incorporates anisotropy from the microscopic structure, using the deformation computed for each unit strain. At every time step of the simulation, we compute the deformation of coarse meshes using the coarsened stiffness, which saves computational time and add higher‐level details constructed by the characteristic displacement of simulated meshes. We demonstrate that anisotropic and inhomogeneous cloth models can be simulated efficiently using our method. © 2014 The Authors. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical structures for collision checking between virtual characters
Authors: Stüvel Sybren A. , Magnenat‐Thalmann Nadia , Thalmann Daniel , Egges Arjan , van der Stappen A. Frank 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSimulating a crowded scene like a busy shopping street requires tight packing of virtual characters. In such cases, collisions are likely to occur, and the choice in collision detection shape will influence how characters are allowed to intermingle. Full collision detection is too expensive for crowds, so simplifications are needed. The most common simplification, the fixed‐width, pose‐independent cylinder, does not allow intermingling of characters, as it will either cause too much empty space between characters or undetected penetrations. As a possible solution to this problem, we introduce the bounding cylinder hierarchy (BCH), a bounding volume hierarchy that uses vertical cylinders as bounding shapes. Because the BCH is a generalization of the single cylinder, we expect that this representation can be easily integrated with existing crowd simulation systems. We compare our BCH with commonly used collision shapes, namely the single cylinder and oriented bounding box tree, in terms of query time, construction time, and represented volume. To get an indication of possible crowd densities, we investigate how close characters can be before collision is detected and finally propose a critical maximum depth for the BCH. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling social behaviors in an evacuation simulator
Authors: Chu Mei Ling , Parigi Paolo , Law Kincho , Latombe Jean‐Claude 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBuilding occupants perceive information about the surrounding environment and navigate for safety during emergency evacuation (egress). They often choose their actions by interacting with their social groups and observing the actions of the surrounding crowd. Most egress simulators, however, ignore individuals' crowd perceptions and social interactions. This paper presents a novel platform, SAFEgress (Social Agent For Egress), in which building occupants are modeled as agents who decide their evacuation actions on the basis of their knowledge of the building and their interactions with the social groups and the neighboring crowd. Results from the SAFEgress prototype show that both agents' familiarity with the building and social influence can significantly impact egress performance. By simulating different occupants' behaviors, architects and facility managers may better understand the influence of human and social factors on evacuation and consequently design safer buildings and egress procedures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery from life‐threatening pelvic organ prolapse in an 80‐year‐old Japanese woman: a case report
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Ohba Kojiro , Mochizuki Yasushi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: May 2014

Key Clinical MessagePelvic organ prolapse (POP) is common among multiparous elderly women. POP related to obstructive anuria is very uncommon, but can be life‐threatening if untreated. In this report, the patient survived from a septic shock with multidisciplinary treatment and was completely cured of POP after tension‐free vaginal mesh repair.
Four‐Membered Heterometallacyclic d0 and d1 Complexes of Group 4 Metallocenes with Amidato Ligands
Authors: Haehnel Martin , Priebe Jacqueline B. , Yim Jacky C.‐H. , Spannenberg Anke , Brückner Angelika , Schafer Laurel L. , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA study of the coordination chemistry of different amidato ligands [(R)NC(Ph)O] (R=Ph, 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Dipp)) at Group 4 metallocenes is presented. The heterometallacyclic complexes [Cp2M(Cl){κ2‐N,O‐(R)NC(Ph)O}] M=Zr, R=Dipp (1 a), Ph (1 b); M=Hf, R=Ph (2)) were synthesized by reaction of [Cp2MCl2] with the corresponding deprotonated amides. Complex 1 a was also prepared by direct deprotonation of the amide with Schwartz reagent [Cp2Zr(H)Cl]. Salt metathesis reaction of [Cp2Zr(H)Cl] with deprotonated amide [(Dipp)NC(Ph)O] gave the zirconocene hydrido complex [Cp2M(H){κ2‐N,O‐(Dipp)NC(Ph)O}] (3). Reaction of 1 a with Mg did not result in the desired Zr(III) complex but in formation of Mg complex [(py)3Mg(Cl) {κ2‐N,O‐(Dipp)NC(Ph)O}] (4; py=pyridine). The paramagnetic complexes [Cp′2Ti{κ2‐N,O‐(R)NC(Ph)O}] (Cp′=Cp, R=Ph (7 a); Cp′=Cp, R=Dipp (7 b); Cp′=Cp*, R=Ph (8)) were prepared by the reaction of the known titanocene alkyne complexes [Cp2′Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (Cp′=Cp (5), Cp′=Cp* (6)) with the corresponding amides. Complexes 1 a, 2, 3, 4, 7 a, 7 b, and 8 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The structure and bonding of complexes 7 a and 8 were also characterized by EPR spectroscopy.
The Diagnostic Utility of Electrochemical Impedance
Authors: Xu Qiao , Davis Jason J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDiagnostic tests currently underpin the majority of patient management decisions and biosensing devices capable of reporting on levels of specific analytes in blood, urine or saliva have already had a profound impact on clinical diagnostics and the quality of life of those unfortunate enough to live with, or be exposed to, disease. Among the range of methodologies available to protein biomarker detection, those based on electroanalysis present the most promising combination of sensitivity, low cost, speed, convenience and multiplexing. To date, a plethora of impedance based assays have been developed for the detection of disease‐associated biomarkers through the employment of a range of planar or “nanofunctionalized” interfaces comprising immobilized antibodies/antigens, oligonucleotide or PNA receptors. This review selectively highlights recent advances in this area.
Demulsification of Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions for the Petroleum Industry by using Alternating Copolymers
Authors: Yan Chuanyu , Han Jin , Huang Chengyi , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, a class of hydrophilic‐alternating‐lipophilic copolymers (HaLCs) has been designed, and the polymers were prepared and applied in the demulsification of stable water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. The results showed that the efficiency of HaLCs can reach 100 % in less than 10 min even at room temperature. The optimum dosages for l‐, s‐, and t‐ (linear, square and tetrahedron‐shaped) HaLC were 125, 313, and 156 ppm, respectively. This finding is helpful in understanding the demulsification process and development of demulsifiers with higher efficiency in the future, which is important in the petroleum industry.
Investigation of commercial enzyme preparations for selective release of arabinose from corn fibre
Authors: Fehér Csaba , Gál Boglárka , Fehér Anikó , Barta Zsolt , Réczey Kati 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDLignocellulosic materials have great potential in the production of L‐arabinose in a new cost‐effective way. Selective enzymatic liberation of L‐arabinose from agricultural residues could be a promising method if purification of specific enzymes and extraction of pure polysaccharides could be omitted from the process. To achieve this goal, investigation of commercial multi‐component enzyme preparations for selective release of L‐arabinose from destarched corn fibre and soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreated destarched corn fibres were performed.RESULTSHemicellulase NS22002 (Novozymes) has a relative xylanase activity of 1% (of measured highest) and 9%, and a relative arabinoxylan‐arabinofuranohydrolase (AX‐AFH) activity of 71% and 100% at pH 3 and 4, respectively. At pH 6 its relative xylanase and AX‐AFH activities are 93% and 52%, respectively. Hydrolyses of SAA pretreated destarched corn fibre with Hemicellulase NS22002 at pH 4 and 6 resulted in a large amount of hemicellulosic oligomers, considerable amount of monomer arabinose and negligible amount of monomer xylose and galactose in the supernatants. During the hydrolysis at pH 3 monomer sugars were not released and low amounts of hemicellulosic oligomers were solubilised.CONCLUSIONSAA pretreatment has been found to be an appropriate method to make the structure of destarched corn fibre accessible for hemicellulose‐degrading enzymes. Hemicellulase NS22002 has high endo‐xylanase activity over a broad pH range, and its α‐L‐arabinofuranosidase can release arabinose from solubilised hemicellulosic oligomers derived from corn fibre. Enzymatic hydrolysis of SAA pretreated destarched corn fibre using Hemicellulase NS22002 is suitable to solubilise the hemicellulose fraction, however it cannot selectively release arabinose monomers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of dry brining, liquid smoking and high‐pressure treatment on the physical properties of aquacultured King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during refrigerated storage
Authors: Kong Kelvin Jia Wey , Alçiçek Zayde , Balaban Murat O 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAquacultured King salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) pieces were dry brined with a salt/brown sugar mix, dipped in liquid smoke for 3 min, vacuum packed, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treated at 600 or 200 MPa for 5 min and stored at 4 °C for up to 40 days.RESULTSThe surface redness (average a*) of the samples increased after dry brining, then decreased after liquid smoke treatment. HHP did not change the outside color of liquid‐smoked samples. However, the inside color changed depending on pressure. HHP‐treated control samples without dry brining and liquid smoking changed to a pale pink color. HHP at 600 MPa resulted in a significant increase in hardness. Compared with fresh samples, dry‐brined samples had reduced water activity, while samples dipped in liquid smoke had lower pH values.CONCLUSIONDry brining and liquid smoking protect the outside color of salmon against changes caused by HHP. The increase in hardness may counteract the softening of the smoked salmon tissue over time. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical presentation and outcome of 20 fetuses with parvovirus B19 infection complicated by severe anemia and/or fetal hydrops
Authors: Macé Guillaume , Sauvan Marine , Castaigne Vanina , Moutard Marie‐Laure , Cortey Anne , Maisonneuve Emeline , Garel Catherine , Dhombres Ferdinand , Boujenah Jeremy , Mailloux Agnès , Carbonne Bruno 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to assess the prognosis of parvovirus B19 infection with severely anemic and/or hydropic fetuses according to initial ultrasound and biological criteria.Material and methodsRetrospective study of 20 cases of congenital parvovirus B19‐proven infection (positive PCR) complicated by fetal anemia and/or hydrops was examined. Anemia was suspected on an elevated peak systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery and was confirmed by fetal blood sampling.ResultsSurvival rate was 70% (14/20) overall and 76% (13/17) for fetuses with one or more transfusions. When fetal effusion regressed after the transfusion, all 11 fetuses survived, and neonatal condition was favorable for all. Among the 14 live‐born children, there was one neonatal death and one admission to the neonatal care unit with no major complications.ConclusionDespite active management by transfusion in fetuses with parvovirus B19 infection, mortality remained substantial during the acute phase of anemia and fetal hydrops. Regression of effusion appears to be an important variable for prognosis. Non‐anemic forms exist with isolated refractory ascites or pleural effusion. Maternal mirror syndrome appears to reflect the intensity and persistence of the fetal anemia. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who defines the need for fishery reform? Participants, discourses and networks in the reform of the Greenland fishery
Authors: Jacobsen Rikke Becker , Raakjær Jesper 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis article investigates recent reforms of the Greenland coastal fisheries in order to contribute to the general lessons on reform and policy networks in the context of a changing Arctic stakeholdership. It analyses participation in fisheries governance decision-making by examining the emergence of discourses and policy networks that come to define the very need for reform. A policy network is identified across state ministries, powerful officials, banks and large scale industry that defined the need for fisheries reform within a ‘grand reform’ discourse. But inertia characterised the actual decision-making process as reform according to this ‘grand reform’ discourse was blocked by a combination of small-scale fishers’ informal networks and the power of the parliamentary majority. After a parliamentary shift in power the new government implemented the ‘grand reform’ gradually whilst new patterns of participation and exclusion emerged. In this process, the identities of the participating participants were reinterpreted to fit the new patterns of influence and participation. The article argues that fishery reform does not necessarily start with the collective recognition of a problem in marine resource use and a power-neutral process of institutional learning. Instead, it argues that fishery reform is likely to be the ‘reform of somebody’ and that this ‘somebody’ is itself a changing identity.