bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of a Schwarz coupling method for a dimensionally heterogeneous problem
Authors: Tayachi M. , Rousseau A. , Blayo E. , Goutal N. , Martin V. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn the present work, we propose and analyse an efficient iterative coupling method for a dimensionally heterogeneous problem. We consider the case of a 2D Laplace equation with non‐symmetric boundary conditions coupled with a corresponding 1D Laplace equation. We first show how to obtain the 1D model from the 2D one by integration along one direction, by analogy with the link between shallow water equations and the Navier–Stokes system. Then we focus on the design of a Schwarz‐like iterative coupling method. We discuss the choice of boundary conditions at coupling interfaces. We prove the convergence of such algorithms and give some theoretical results related to the choice of the location of the coupling interface, and to the control of the difference between a global 2D reference solution and the 2D coupled solution. These theoretical results are illustrated numerically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of N‐glycosylation in kiwi allergy
Authors: Garrido‐Arandia María , Murua‐García Amaya , Palacin Aranzazu , Tordesillas Leticia , Gómez‐Casado Cristina , Blanca‐Lopez Natalia , Ramos Tania , Canto Gabriela , Blanco Carlos , Cuesta‐Herranz Javier , Sánchez‐Monge Rosa , Pacios Luis F. , Díaz Perales Araceli 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe physical, biochemical, and immunological characteristics of plant allergens have been widely studied, but no definite conclusion has been reached about what actually makes a protein an allergen. In this sense, N‐glycosylation is an exclusive characteristic of plant allergens not present in mammals and it could be implied in allergenic sensitization. With this aim, we evaluated and compared the allergenic activity of the protein fraction and the N‐glycan fraction of the thaumatin‐like protein and the main kiwi allergen, Act d 2. The natural allergen, Act d 2, was deglycosylated by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatment; the N‐glycan fraction was obtained by extended treatment with proteinase K. N‐glycan‐ and protein‐ fractions were recognized by specific IgE of kiwi‐allergic patients. By contrast, the sugar moiety showed a reduced capacity to activate basophils and T cells, but not dendritic cells derived from patients' monocytes. Related to this, the production of cytokines such as IL6 and IL10 was increased by the incubation of dendritic cells with sugar moiety. Thus, the sugar moiety plays a significant role in sensitization, inducing the activation of antigen‐presenting cells, but it is the protein fraction that is responsible for the allergic reactions.
Informal Workplace Learning in Austrian Banks: The Influence of Learning Approach, Leadership Style, and Organizational Learning Culture on Managers' Learning Outcomes
Authors: Froehlich Dominik , Segers Mien , Van den Bossche Piet 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInformal workplace learning takes an increasingly focal role in human resource development (HRD) practice and research, as it contributes to or ganizations' adaptability and competitiveness. However, little is known about how individual managers' approaches to learning and contextual influences such as leadership and organizational learning culture influence learning outcomes. This study narrows these gaps by examining the relationship between learning approaches, experienced leadership style, organizational learning culture, and learning outcomes among 143 Austrian bank managers in a cross‐sectional, quantitative questionnaire study. Results show that the choice of learning approach significantly affects several conceptualizations of learning outcome. Moreover, we have found that learning approaches partially mediate the effects of experienced leadership style on learning outcomes. Also, organizational learning culture moderates the effects of leadership style and learning approaches. These findings call for further research of the process and outcome of informal workplace learning and imply a need for greater awareness of both individuals' learning approaches and contextual influences of the learning process in practice.
Assessing the Influence of Managerial Coaching on Employee Outcomes
Authors: Kim Sewon 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe present study investigates relationships between managerial coaching behavior and employee role clarity, attitude, and performance‐related responses. Using data from a sample of 234 South Korean employees in a private conglomerate, structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized conceptual model. The results found support for the proposed model and core structural relations, such that managerial coaching had a direct impact on employee role clarity and satisfaction with work and an indirect impact on satisfaction with work via role clarity, organization commitment via satisfaction with work, and job performance via role clarity. The study provides empirical evidence for managerial coaching effectiveness, the identification of mediating mechanisms between managerial coaching and employee work‐related outcomes, and finally cultural contexts and perspectives to managerial coaching practice. Implications of these results for theory and practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Strengthening Your Submissions to HRDQ: Advice from the Managing Editor
Authors: Lynn Lunn Mary 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis Forum piece is intended to offer some practical and prescribed guidelines for submitting manuscripts to HRDQ. This advice from the HRDQ Managing Editor is shared in order to help clarify the contributor guidelines and improve the chances of submissions, of both new and previous contributors, being placed under review at HRDQ. This article explains the peer‐review process and describes the characteristics of a successful submission.
The Organizational Context and Performance Implications of Human Capital Investment Variability
Authors: Bhattacharya Mousumi , Harold Doty D. , Garavan Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn contrast to the traditional focus of HRD on human capital accumulations we examine the issue of variability in human capital investment. Drawing on Real Options Theory, we theorize that larger firms and firms that are faced with greater organizational risk will create a greater number of options in terms of human capital investment decisions resulting over time in greater variability in labor costs. Based on a large sample of U.S. firms and longitudinal data, we found that labor cost variability was positively related to organizational risk and firm size, but negatively related to capital intensity. These relationships were significant even after controlling for employment variability. Overall, we found that in the long term, firms with greater variability in labor costs achieved better performance. Implications for strategic HRD theory and practice are discussed.
Gene Regulatory Networks Governing Lung Specification
Authors: Rankin Scott A. , Zorn Aaron M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe epithelial lining of the respiratory system originates from a small group of progenitor cells in the ventral foregut endoderm of the early embryo. Research in the last decade has revealed a number of paracrine signaling pathways that are critical for the development of these respiratory progenitors. In the post‐genomic era the challenge now is to figure out at the genome wide level how these different signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors interact in a complex “gene regulatory network” (GRN) to orchestrate early lung development. In this prospective, we review our growing understanding of the GRN governing lung specification. We discuss key gaps in our knowledge and describe emerging opportunities that will soon provide an unprecedented understanding of lung development and accelerate our ability to apply this knowledge to regenerative medicine. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1343–1350, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of darunavir in fixed‐dose combination with cobicistat compared with coadministration of darunavir and ritonavir as single agents in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kakuda Thomas N. , Opsomer Magda , Timmers Maarten , Iterbeke Koen , Van De Casteele Tom , Hillewaert Vera , Petrovic Romana , Hoetelmans Richard M. W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis study compared the bioavailability of two candidate fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs: G003 and G004) of darunavir/cobicistat 800/150 mg with that of darunavir 800 mg and ritonavir 100 mg coadministered as single agents. Short‐term safety and tolerability of the FDC formulations were also assessed. This open‐label trial included 36 healthy volunteers and assessed steady‐state pharmacokinetics of darunavir over 3 randomized, 10‐day treatment sequences, under fed conditions. Blood samples for determination of plasma concentrations of darunavir and cobicistat or ritonavir were taken over 24 hours on day 10 and analyzed by liquid‐chromatography tandem mass‐spectroscopy. Darunavir AUC24h following administration of the FDCs (G003: 74,780 ng ∙ h/mL and G004: 76,490 ng ∙ h/mL) was comparable to that following darunavir/ritonavir (78,410 ng ∙ h/mL), as was Cmax (6,666 and 6,917 ng/mL versus 6,973 ng/mL, respectively). Modestly lower C0h (1,504 and 1,478 ng/mL versus 2,015 ng/mL) and Cmin (1,167 and 1,224 ng/mL versus 1,540 ng/mL) values were seen with the FDCs. Short‐term tolerability of the FDCs was comparable to that of darunavir/ritonavir when administered as single agents. The most common adverse events reported were headache, gastrointestinal upset, or rash. Cobicistat is an effective pharmacoenhancer of darunavir when administered as an FDC. Short‐term administration of darunavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat was generally well tolerated.
Melting of Gelatin Gels Containing Laponite, Montmorillonite, and Chitosan Particles
Authors: Prado J. Rachel , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: March 2014

This research examines the effect of the addition of laponite, montmorillonite, and chitosan particles on the melting of gelatin gels. The effect is probed by combining calorimetric measurements with isoconversional kinetic analysis. It is found that the addition of the particles tends to increase the heat of melting and decrease the melting temperature. Although the addition of the particles results in a raising of the energy barrier to melting, the pre‐exponential factors increase as well, causing acceleration of the melting process and decreasing the thermal stability of the gels. The observed effects are explained in terms of the gel structure.
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Stratified Polymer Brushes from Microcontact Printing of Polydopamine Initiator on Polymer Brush Surfaces
Authors: Wei Qiangbing , Yu Bo , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng 
Published: March 2014

Stratified polymer brushes are fabricated using microcontact printing (μCP) of initiator integrated polydopamine (PDOPBr) on polymer brush surfaces and the following surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). It is found that the surface energy, chemically active groups, and the antifouling ability of the polymer brushes affect transfer efficiency and adhesive stability of the polydopamine film. The stickiness of the PDOPBr pattern on polymer brush surfaces is stable enough to perform continuous μCP and SI‐ATRP to prepare stratified polymer brushes with a 3D topography, which have broad applications in cell and protein patterning, biosensors, and hybrid surfaces.
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On the signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency and slab‐banding artifacts in three‐dimensional multislab diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging
Authors: Engström Mathias , Mårtensson Magnus , Avventi Enrico , Skare Stefan 
Published: March 2014

PurposeThree‐dimensional (3D) multislab diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (EPI) has been suggested as an alternative for high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging. In this work, the key components of the sequence are investigated, optimal scan parameter settings suggested, and a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) analysis, comparing 2D diffusion‐weighted EPI and 3D multislab diffusion‐weighted EPI, is performed.MethodsSlab profiles were measured using 3D multislab EPI to investigate slab profile saturation effects with respect to TR, T1 and overlap between slabs. For short TR values, two methods to reduce the slab banding artifacts are proposed. Moreover, the SNR for 2D and 3D multislab (3D‐MS) DWI have been simulated for various anatomical coverages and slab thicknesses.ResultsSimulated 3D multislab scans were shown to be more SNR‐efficient than a corresponding 2D scan, for all investigated anatomical coverages and slab thicknesses. Slab banding artifacts being negligible for long repetition times (TRs) were strong for a TR of 2000 ms, proving that they stem from T1‐saturation effects. This banding was largely reduced by the suggested correction methods.ConclusionIn the low TR regime, T1‐saturation effects between adjacent slabs need to be taken in consideration to avoid slab‐banding artifacts for multislab sequences. With the proposed correction methods the difference between the SNR‐optimal TR and the TR where slab‐banding artifacts become acceptable is reduced. Magn Reson Med 73:718–725, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Successful Use of Fondaparinux Early After Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement in a Patient with a History of Heparin‐Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Willenborg Katie L. 
Published: March 2014

Thromboembolic complications such as systemic embolization and valve thrombosis are a major concern early after mechanical valve replacement; however, the benefit of anticoagulation must be weighed against the risk of early postoperative bleeding complications. Thromboembolic risk is also higher in the early postoperative period (less than 6 mo) compared with the risk in the late postoperative period. Current evidence supports the use of unfractionated heparin or low‐molecular‐weight heparin early after valve replacement to prevent valve thrombosis or systemic embolization but provides no recommendations for the management of patients with a history of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), in which heparin products are contraindicated. We describe the use of fondaparinux early after aortic mechanical valve replacement in a 63‐year‐old, 95‐kg woman with a history of HIT. Fondaparinux was initiated on postoperative day 2 at a prophylactic dose of 2.5 mg subcutaneously daily; the dose was increased to a therapeutic weight‐based dose of 7.5 mg subcutaneously daily on postoperative day 3. Warfarin was initiated on postoperative day 1, and fondaparinux was continued until a therapeutic international normalized ratio was achieved. The patient was discharged from the hospital receiving warfarin alone on postoperative day 6. No signs or symptoms of thrombosis or bleeding were noted during or after fondaparinux therapy or at hospital follow‐up visits. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the use of fondaparinux within the first 48 hours after mechanical valve replacement in a patient with a history of HIT. This case suggests that fondaparinux may be a safe and effective option to prevent thromboembolic complications early after mechanical valve replacement when heparin products are contraindicated.
Conformational studies of neurohypophyseal hormones analogues with glycoconjugates by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lubecka Emilia A. , Sikorska Emilia , Marcinkowska Alina , Ciarkowski Jerzy 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTwo glycosylated peptides have been studied using NMR spectroscopy supported by molecular modeling. Peptide I is an oxytocin (OT) analogue in which glutamine 4 was replaced by serine with attached α‐d‐mannose through the oxygen β atom, whereas peptide II is a lysine‐vasopressin (LVP) analogue with lysine 8 side chain modified by the attachment of glucuronic acid through an amide bond. Both peptides exhibit very weak uterotonic effect and are less susceptible to proteolytic degradation than the mother hormones. Additionally, peptide II reveals very weak pressor and antidiuretic activities. Our results have shown that the conformational preferences of glycosylated analogues are highly similar to those of their respective mother hormones. OT glycosylated analogue (I) exhibits a 3,4 β‐turn characteristic of OT‐like peptides, and vasopressin‐glycosylated analogue (II) exhibits β‐turns typical of vasopressin‐like peptides. Therefore, the lack of binding of the glycosylated analogues to the receptors can be attributed to a steric interference between the carbohydrate moieties and the receptors. We also consider this to be the reason of the very low activity of the analyzed glycopeptides. We expect that results from these studies will be helpful in designing new OT‐like and vasopressin‐like drugs. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent ac current‐voltage‐capacitance characteristics of GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes under high forward bias
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Ding , He Juan , Wang Cunda , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTemperature‐dependent ac current‐voltage‐capacitance characteristics between 90 K and 440 K were investigated for InGaN/GaN multi‐quantum‐wells blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) under high forward bias. Under large forward current, deep saturation of junction voltage Vj was observed over a wide temperature range. It was found that Vj corresponds to the separation energy of electron and hole quasi‐Fermi levels and its temperature dependence could be well explained by the flat band model. After the pinning of quasi‐Fermi levels, the forward current is dominated by the drift current in the p ‐GaN access layer. Considering Poole‐Frenkel effect, a quantitative model was developed to reproduce the cur‐rent‐voltage characteristics of LEDs under high forward bias. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Beyond intervalley transfer: damped Bloch oscillation and negative differential drift velocity at very high fields in wide bandgap III‐nitride materials
Authors: Yoder P. Douglas , Sridharan Sriraaman 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present evidence for a new mode of charge transport at very high fields in gallium nitride (GaN) and related wide bandgap materials, based on the phenomenon of damped Bloch oscillation. Entirely new solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) are developed to describe the microscopic physics of damped Bloch oscillation, which is shown to lead to negative differential drift velocity in bulk material. Bloch transport in bulk GaN is confirmed by full band Monte Carlo simulation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN high electron mobility transistors on silicon substrates with MBE/PVD AlN seed layers
Authors: Cordier Y. , Frayssinet E. , Chmielowska M. , Nemoz M. , Courville A. , Vennéguès P. , Mierry P. De , Chenot S. , Camus J. , Aissa K. Ait , Simon Q. , Brizoual L. Le , Djouadi M. A. , Defrance N. , Lesecq M. , Altuntas P. , Cutivet A. , Agboton A. , Jaeger J.‐C. De 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the present paper, we describe the development of new AlN seed layers obtained by combining molecular beam epitaxy and low temperature physical vapour deposition (magnetron sputtering). It is shown that it is possible to grow thick AlN seed layers with a good in‐plane crystal ordering. GaN based structures on silicon can then be regrown with device quality active layers, as attested by the realization of high electron mobility transistors. Furthermore, the low substrate bowing achieved with these structures is of high interest for the fabrication of large GaN‐on‐silicon wafers. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Advantages of the moth‐eye patterned sapphire substrate for the high performance nitride based LEDs
Authors: Kondo Toshiyuki , Kitano Tsukasa , Suzuki Atsushi , Mori Midori , Naniwae Koichi , Kamiyama Satoshi , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe propose moth‐eye patterned sapphire substrate (MPSS) as a solution to improve the light extraction efficiency and to reduce the production cost of LEDs. The MPSS samples' surfaces consisted of a triangular grid of about 375 nm high truncated cones with different pitches of 460 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, 700 nm and 800 nm. A commercially available patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) and a flat sapphire substrate (FSS) was also used in the experiments for comparison. According to the cathode luminescence observation, the GaN template on MPSS with a thickness of 3 µm showed a threading dislocation density (TDD) of around 1.9 × 108 cm–2. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that many of the dislocations were bent and disappeared as loops formed in the vicinity of MPSS cones. On the other hand, PSS required a GaN template thicker than 5µm to achieve a level of TDD equal to MPSS. The LED on MPSS with a pitch of 600 nm showed the highest light output power among the evaluated LEDs as it was 1.89 times higher than that on FSS and 1.05 times higher than that on PSS. The pitch dependence of the light output improvement agrees with the pitch dependence of the simulated transmissivity at the GaN/sapphire interface.As a result of our comparison, we concluded that MPSS provides the most cost effective solution for high performance LEDs.
Evaluation of radiated emission of GaN‐HEMT switching circuit
Authors: Ide Toshihide , Kaji Ryousaku , Shimizu Mitsuaki , Mizutani Kenji , Ueno Hiroaki , Otsuka Nobuyuki , Ueda Tetsuzo , Tanaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe radiated emission from the GaN‐HEMT switching converter is investigated by two‐dimensional electromagnetic‐probe scanning. By the scanning, the single peak spectrum due to the ringing of the switching waveforms is obtained. When the supply voltage of the converter Vcc is varied, this peak frequency of the spectrum of the electromagnetic field is shifted. This peak shift is thought to be due to the change of the capacitance of the depletion region in the GaN‐HEMTs. Therefore, we propose the equivalent circuit model for the radiated emission employing the resonant frequency between the output capacitance of the GaN‐HEMTs and the parasitic inductance of the circuit wire Lline. The calculated results at Lline of 1.2 nH agree well with the experimental results. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Randomk‐SAT and the power of two choices
Authors: Perkins Will 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe study an Achlioptas‐process version of the randomk‐SAT process: a bounded number ofk‐clauses are drawn uniformly at random at each step, and exactly one added to the growing formula according to a particular rule. We prove the existence of a rule that shifts the satisfiability threshold. This extends a well‐studied area of probabilistic combinatorics (Achlioptas processes) to random CSP's. In particular, while a rule to delay the 2‐SAT threshold was known previously, this is the first proof of a rule to shift the threshold ofk‐SAT for. We then propose a gap decision problem based upon this semi‐random model. The aim of the problem is to investigate the hardness of the randomk‐SAT decision problem, as opposed to the problem of finding an assignment or certificate of unsatisfiability. Finally, we discuss connections to the study of Achlioptas random graph processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 47, 163–173, 2015