bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Compression Stockings During a Marathon Competition to Reduce Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Are They Really Useful?
Authors: Areces Francisco , Salinero Juan José , Abian-Vicen Javier , González-Millán Cristina , Ruiz-Vicente Diana , Lara Beatriz , Lledó María , Del Coso Juan 
Published: April 2015

Study Design Case-control study; ecological study. Objectives To examine the efficacy of wearing compression stockings to prevent muscle damage and to maintain running performance during a marathon competition. Background Exercise-induced muscle damage has been identified as one of the main causes of the progressive decrease in running and muscular performance found during marathon races. Methods Thirty-four experienced runners were pair-matched for age, anthropometric data, and best race time in the marathon, and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 17) of runners who wore conventional socks or to a group of runners who wore foot-to-knee graduated compression stockings (n = 17). Before and after the race, a sample of venous blood was obtained, and jump height and leg muscle power were measured during a countermovement jump. Serum myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations were determined as blood markers of muscle fiber damage. Results Total race time was not different between the control group and the compression stockings group (210 ± 23 and 214 ± 22 minutes, respectively; P = .58). Between the control group and the compression stockings group, postrace reductions in leg muscle power (−19.8% ± 17.7% versus −24.8% ± 18.4%, respectively; P = .37) and jump height (−25.3% ± 14.1% versus −32.5% . 20.4%, respectively; P = .27) were similar. At the end of the race, there were no differences between the control group and the compression stockings group in serum myoglobin (568 ± 347 ng·mL−1 versus 573 ± 270 ng·mL−1, respectively; P = .97) and creatine kinase concentration (390 ± 166 U·L−1 versus 487 ± 227 U·L−1, respectively; P = .16). Conclusion The use of compression stockings did not improve running pace and did not prevent exercise-induced muscle damage during the marathon. Wearing compression stockings during long-distance running events is an ineffective strategy to avoid the deleterious effects of muscle damage on running performance. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(6):462–470. Epub 21 Apr 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5863
Mass-balance changes of the debris-covered glaciers in the Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1974 to 1999
Authors: Pellicciotti Francesca , Stephan Christa , Miles Evan , Herreid Sam , Immerzeel Walter W. , Bolch Tobias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThick debris cover on glaciers can significantly reduce ice melt. However, several studies have suggested that debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya might have lost mass at a rate similar to debris-free glaciers. We reconstruct elevation and mass changes for the debris-covered glaciers of the upper Langtang valley, Nepalese Himalaya, using a digital elevation model (DEM) from 1974 stereo Hexagon satellite data and the 2000 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM. Uncertainties are high in the accumulation areas, due to data gaps in the SRTM and difficulties with delineation of the glacier borders. Even with these uncertainties, we obtain thinning rates comparable to those of several other studies in the Himalaya. In particular, we obtain a total mass balance for the investigated debris-covered glaciers of the basin of –0.32 ± 0.18 m w.e. a−1. However, there are major spatial differences both between glaciers and within any single glacier, exhibiting a very distinct nonlinear mass-balance profile with elevation. Through analysis of surface velocities derived from Landsat ETM+ imagery, we show that thinning occurs in areas of low velocity and low slope. These areas are prone to a general, dynamic decay of surface features and to the development of supraglacial lakes and ice cliffs, which may be responsible for a considerable increase in overall glacier ablation.
Single-stage bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement for treatment of bilateral canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency
Authors: Langenbach A. , Boim J. , Gordon S. , Marcellin-Little D. J. , Kiefer J. E. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjective: To report complications in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture following single-stage bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement (SS-BTTA) procedures, and to compare these complications to a population of dogs undergoing unilateral tibial tuberosity advancement (UTTA).Methods: Medical records and radiographs of client-owned dogs treated with tibial tuberosity advancement between August 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed. Forty-four client-owned dogs with bilateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture that underwent SS-BTTA procedures and 82 client-owned dogs that underwent UTTA proced -ures were randomly selected from our hospital population. Complications were recorded and analysed. Major complications were defined as fractures or any complication requiring a second surgery. Minor complications were any problem identified that did not require surgical management.Results: Incidence for major and minor complications in the UTTA group was 2.3% and 24.4%, respectively. Incidence for major and minor complications in the SS-BTTA group was 12.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Single-stage bilateral tibial tuberosity advancement procedures had a four- to five-fold increase in odds of a major complication (p <0.050) compared to UTTA.Clinical significance: The findings of our study indicate that SS-BTTA procedures are associated with an increased risk of major complications compared to UTTA procedures.
Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of childhood cancer among undergraduate medical students in South India
Authors: Latha M. Sneha , Chitralakshmi Kumaravel , Ravindran Manipriya , Angeline P. Ravichandran , Kannan Lakshminarayanan , Scott Julius Xavier 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background :In India roughly 60000 childhood cancer cases are diagnosed annually with only nearly 100 pediatric oncologists. So it′s pertinent that the physicians and pediatricians are adequately equipped to recognize and refer them appropriately. Hence this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and awareness of childhood cancer among undergraduate medical students in South India. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 240 undergraduate students from all over South India in a undergraduate pediatric clinical training. A 24 point questionnaire was given to assess their understanding of pediatric malignancies and their interest towards pediatric oncology. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 18.V software. Results: 50% were interested in pursuing pediatrics as their career but 80% of them were not interested in pursuing pediatric oncology as their career. 55% of the students have not encountered any pediatric oncology patients in the ward. 40% did not have any lecture classes on pediatric oncology. 65.5% felt that their knowledge of childhood cancer did not make them competent to suspect and refer appropriately during their practice. 84% supported that there is a need to improve pediatric oncology teaching in their medical curriculum. Conclusions : The study unambiguously states that the future physicians lack confidence in identifying and managing childhood malignancies and pediatric oncology is far down in their career options. There is a need to reform the undergraduate medical students by increasing their exposure to pediatric oncology to improve their competence levels and interest in pursuing it as a career also.
Emerging potential of parenteral estrogen as androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Imran 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a key management strategy for prostate cancer (PC), achieved commonly by administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa), ADT markedly suppresses both male and female sex hormones which results in "castration syndrome", a constellation of adverse events such as muscle weakness, impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism, impotence, osteoporosis, and fractures. Recent evidence suggests that estrogen, in the parenteral form, may emerge as an alternative to LHRHa as it offers potential benefits of arresting PC growth as well as avoiding some of the estrogen deficiency related toxicities of LHRHa by maintaining endogenous levels of estrogen.
Dexmedetomidine and propofol for cerebral angiography in non-intubated patients: A comparative study
Authors: Banik Sujoy , Kumar Pallav , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Singh Gyaninder 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Context: Patients posted for cerebral angiography may be restless and drowsy with high chance of inadvertent movements. Aims: The primary objective was to compare the incidence of inadvertent movements between propofol and dexmedetomidine groups. The secondary objectives include comparison of recovery time and characteristics, Steward’s score, and haemodynamic and respiratory parameters between the two groups. Settings and Design: Prospective, randomised, double-blind, pilot study. Materials and Methods: In all, 20 adult uncooperative, drowsy patients were randomised to dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg bolus over 10 minutes followed by 0.3-0.7 μg/kg/hour infusion) or propofol (100 μg/kg/min for 10 minutes followed by 25-75 μg/kg/min infusion). Rate of movement, success of sedation, haemodynamics, respiratory parameters, Steward’s recovery score and recovery time were recorded. Statistical analysis used: Repeated measures of analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, independent and paired t-tests, and Fisher test. Results: The median rate of movement was similar (1, P = 0.206) with success of sedation achieved in 7 (70%) patients in Group D and 9 (90%) patients in Group P, which was comparable (P = 0.582). The median recovery time in patients in Group D was 150 (37–764) seconds and in Group P was 128 (54–174) seconds (P = 0.519) with similar Steward’s scores (P = 0.363). Haemodynamics and respiratory variables were well-maintained during loading and maintenance dose infusions in both the groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine is a safe alternative for diagnostic cerebral angiography. Its success of sedation, median rate of movement during the imaging procedure, haemodynamics, respiratory parameters, recovery time and Steward’s recovery score were similar to propofol in our study.
From Liberal Democracy to the Cosmopolitan Canopy
Authors: Van Til Jon 
Published: April 2015

Liberalism is that ideology, that worldview, which values, in an ever-evolving set of intelligently intermingled thoughts: democracy, freedom (liberty), equality (justice), fraternity (solidarity), the pursuit of happiness, pluralism (diversity), and human rights--and explores the ever-open ever-possible futures of their rediscovery and advance. The study of ways in which social movements relate to Third sector/nonprofit or voluntary organizations can be structured, if we choose, as a liberal endeavor. That is the message I receive from Antonin Wagner’s (2012) telling of the emergence of a field that focuses its study and developmental energies on place of intermediate associational life in modern society, from Adalbert Evers’ efforts to sustain the welfare state in an era of untrammeled capitalism (2013), and from Roger Lohmann’s (1992) comprehensive vision of a social commons capable of assuring the values of liberal society.This paper sets the theory of liberal democracy in a contemporary cosmopolitan context, drawing on case material from Hungary, Northern Ireland, and the United States.
NÍVEIS DE VITAMINA D E SUA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO EM RELAÇÃO AO RISCO DE MORTE POR CAUSA ESPECÍFICA: DISCUSSÃO E RESUMO DE UMA METANÁLISE E REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA RECENTEMENTE PUBLICADA
Authors: Dos Santos Felipe Dunin , Baena Cristina Pelegrino , Kulak Carolina Aguiar Moreira , Carmes Eliane , Magalhães Francisco Luis Gomide Mafra , Frandoloso Gibran Avelino , Pachaly Maria Aparecida , Carvalho Maurício 
Published: April 2015

Existem duas formas de vitamina D: vitamina D2 (ergocalciferol) e vitamina D3 (colecalciferol). A suplementação de vitamina D melhora condições ósseas como raquitismo, diminui a incidência de fraturas e quedas. Postula-se que essa reposição de vitamina D poderia também reduzir os riscos de desenvolvimento de várias doenças, como esclerose múltipla, doenças autoimunes e infecções. Apesar do grande número de estudos, os benefícios do uso da vitamina D na população em geral permanecem controversos. Propõe-se a discussão de artigo de revisão e metanálise que contempla a relação dos níveis séricos de vitamina D e sua suplementação com associação de risco de morte
INJÚRIA RENAL AGUDA: ESTUDO DE 179 CASOS INTERNADOS NO HOSPITAL DE CLÍNICAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ (UFPR)
Authors: Fornazari Bruna , Sevignani Gabriela , Ribas Gustavo Da Cunha , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza , Chula Domingos Candiota 
Published: April 2015

Introdução: a injúria renal aguda (IRA) é caracterizada por um declínio súbito da filtração glomerular e é uma complicação frequente em pacientes internados em hospitais terciários. Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a epidemiologia, as principais etiologias e a evolução dos pacientes com IRA atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR (HC/UFPR). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo por meio de análise de prontuários dos casos de IRA definidos conforme a classificação AKIN, atendidos no HC/UFPR entre janeiro e dezembro de 2010. Resultados: foram avaliados 179 pacientes com média de idade de 57.3 anos. Entre estes, 98 (55%) tiveram diagnóstico presumido de IRA intrínseca, 72 (40%) lesão pré-renal e 9 (5%) causa pós-renal. De acordo com a classificação AKIN, 36 doentes atingiram o estágio 1 (20.1%), 38 o estágio 2 (21.3%) e 105 o estágio 3 (58.6%) no momento do diagnóstico sendo que 45% dos pacientes foram submetidos à terapia de substituição renal (TSR). A duração média da TSR foi de 10,9 dias e mortalidade atingiu 38,5% e cerca de 15 % deles permaneceram em TSR após a alta. A mortalidade foi significativamente maior entre os pacientes dialíticos comparada aos não dialíticos (26% vs 12%, p<0.0001). Conclusões: a IRA intrínseca foi a principal causa de IRA entre esses pacientes. Observou-se uma maior mortalidade em indivíduos que necessitaram de TSR, principalmente os classificados como AKIN 2 e 3. Dessa forma, o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce, da IRA, parece ser uma estratégia importante no manejo de pacientes com IRA em um hospital terciário.
L’évaluation du fait criminel : entre soins et sanctions
Authors: Meunier1 Frédéric , Ravit Magali 
Published: April 2015

L’évaluation, dont les méthodologies singulières impliquent une standardisation et une objectivation suffisantes, est une pratique qui prend une coloration particulière lorsqu’elle est appliquée au champ criminel. Elle oblige à appréhender le fait criminel selon des catégories extrapolables amenuisant d’une part le champ relationnel et obturant d’autre part la lecture psychodynamique du passage à l’acte. Si l’intérêt scientifique de cette réduction est évident, puisqu’il permet la comparaison et les statistiques, l’intérêt casuistique est nettement plus faible. Il permet de définir pour un individu l’appartenance à une catégorie déterminée, mais la prédiction du risque demeure une probabilité lorsqu’elle s’applique à lui. Alors que l’acte violent et sa prise en charge ne peuvent aujourd’hui s’interroger en dehors des logiques qui tendent vers une obligation de résultat, l’évaluation fait-elle partie intégrante du soin et de la sanction ou répond-elle à une demande sociale ? Nous formulons l’hypothèse qu’au-delà de l’ambiguïté sur la finalité des soins « psy », tels qu’ils sont perçus par les cliniciens, et tels qu’ils leurs sont assignés par la société, il existe une confusion entre les objectifs et les moyens. Si on confie à la psychiatrie un rôle dans la défense sociale, ce ne serait pas parce qu’on la pense efficace pour réduire le risque de réitération, ou simplement le prédire, mais (surtout) du fait des moyens coercitifs qu’elle peut développer – parfois en s’affranchissant de la sanction.
Origin of transient self‐potential signals associated with very long period seismic pulses observed during the 2000 activity of Miyakejima volcano
Authors: Kuwano Osamu , Yoshida Shingo , Nakatani Masao , Uyeshima Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOrigin of the previously reported transient geoelectrical (self‐potential, SP) signals in the Miyakejima 2000 activity, that repeatedly occurred concurrently with very long period (VLP) seismic pulses, was investigated. SP waveforms stacked across repeated VLP events showed a step‐like rise followed by a gradual decay at all stations spread over the island of 8 km diameter. Within a realistic range of hydrological diffusivity, the short time constants of the SP signals cannot be explained by the electrokinetic effect caused by fluid flow within a limited volume, proposed earlier as a fluid injection hypothesis. On the other hand, poroelasticity predicts an island‐wide distributed flow field to occur almost instantaneously upon VLP events due to the step of strain field imposed by the mechanical event. We propose that the observed SP signals resulted from the streaming current by this island‐wide flow field. Our quantitative model, assuming a vertical tensile crack as a mechanical source, which has been suggested by preceding seismic studies, can explain the time constants and the amplitude of the SP signals (both spatial pattern and absolute amplitude), within a reasonable range of rock properties and the scalar moment of the mechanical source (VLP event). Location and attitude of the mechanical source were well constrained by grid search and are consistent with those estimated earlier from other types of data.
Boundary‐dominant flower blooming simulation
Authors: Li Jianfang , Liu Min , Xu Weiwei , Liang Haiyi , Liu Ligang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a new physics‐based simulation method for flower blossom, which is based on biological observations that flower opening is usually driven by a boundary‐dominant morphological transition in a curved petal. We use an elastic triangular mesh representing a flower petal and adopt in‐plane expansion to induce global bending. Out‐of‐plane curl plays an auxiliary role in reducing the curvatures of cross‐sections. We also propose to adapt semi‐implicit Euler time integrator for fast simulation results, which has intrinsic damping and at least one order precision. Our system allows users to control the blossoming process by simply specifying a growth curve, which is easy to design because of the boundary‐dominant property. Experimental results show that our physics‐based system runs faster and generates more realistic and convincing blossom results than the existing simulation methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage I to III breast cancer in the United States
Authors: Mougalian Sarah S. , Soulos Pamela R. , Killelea Brigid K. , Lannin Donald R. , Abu‐Khalaf Maysa M. , DiGiovanna Michael P. , Sanft Tara B. , Pusztai Lajos , Gross Cary P. , Chagpar Anees B. 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and can yield clinical advantages in individuals with lower stage cancers as well. To the authors' knowledge, the extent and patterns of use of NAC remain unknown. The objective of the current study was to assess temporal trends in NAC use and to examine what clinical, demographic, and treatment site characteristics influence its use.METHODSData from the National Cancer Data Base regarding 395,486 patients with stage I to stage III breast cancer who received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the United States from 2003 through 2011 were analyzed. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between NAC use and patient, tumor, and facility characteristics.RESULTSOverall, 17.4% of patients received NAC, including 4% of patients with stage I disease, 17.8% of patients with stage II disease, and 41.6% of patients with stage III disease. NAC use increased over time from 12.2% to 24.0%, particularly among patients with more advanced cancers. Rates increased from 12.9% to 39.3% in patients with stage IIIA, from 72.3% to 86.4% in patients with stage IIIB, and from 30.1% to 59.3% in patients with stage IIIC cancers. On multivariate analysis, patients aged <60 years, African American individuals, and those treated in academic centers were more likely to receive NAC. NAC use also varied by geographic region and was the highest in the West South Central region (21%) and lowest in the Midwest (15.2%).CONCLUSIONSAlthough NAC use increased between 2003 and 2011, <50% of all patients with stage III breast cancer were treated with NAC. Substantial regional and practice‐related variations exist. Cancer 2015;121:2544–2552. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of dovitinib in patients with metastatic or unresectable adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Keam Bhumsuk , Kim Sung‐Bae , Shin Seong Hoon , Cho Byoung Chul , Lee Keun‐Wook , Kim Min Kyoung , Yun Hwan‐Jung , Lee Se‐Hoon , Yoon Dok Hyun , Bang Yung‐Jue 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dovitinib in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).METHODSACC patients with documented disease progression within the past 12 months were eligible. Patients received oral dovitinib (500 mg once daily for 5 consecutive days followed by a 2‐day rest every week) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was the probability of 4‐month progression‐free survival (PFS). Metabolic response was evaluated with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans performed at the baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment.RESULTSBetween September 2011 and April 2013, 32 patients with metastatic and/or unresectable ACC were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter trial. The 4‐month PFS probability was 80.4%, and the median PFS was 6.0 months (95% confidence interval, 4.4‐7.6 months). Tumor shrinkage was observed in 22 patients (68.8%), and 1 patient had a confirmed partial response. The disease control rate was 96.9%. Among 26 patients with PET/CT scans both before and after treatment (at 8 weeks), the metabolic activity of ACC was reduced in 13 patients (50.0%), and 5 patients (19.2%) achieved a metabolic partial response, which was defined as a ≥25% reduction in maximum standardized uptake values. Common grade 3 and 4 adverse events were asthenia (50.0%) and neutropenia (25.0%).CONCLUSIONSDovitinib shows modest antitumor activity in the treatment of ACC. Cancer 2015;121:2612–2617. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Development of Unimolecular Tetrakis(piperidin‐4‐ol) as a Ligand for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Incrustoporin and Preclamol
Authors: Nallasivam Jothi L. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA domino aza‐Cope/aza‐Prins cascade enabled the synthesis of a new class of 4‐hydroxypiperidine‐appended mono, bis, tris, and tetrakis unimolecular compounds that served as efficient ligands to catalyze Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions under aerobic conditions. Various biaryls, terphenyls, and heterocyclic biphenyls were obtained in good to excellent yields. The ligands were also capable of catalyzing the Heck–Mizoroki reaction. As an application, the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction was used in the synthesis of incrustoporin, its analogs, and the drug molecule preclamol.