bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echtzeitgeregelte Massendämpfer für Wolgograd‐Brücke
Authors: Weber Felix , Distl Hans 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIm Mai 2010 traten auf der Wolgograd‐Brücke windinduzierte Biegeschwingungen mit geschätzten Amplituden bis 40 cm auf. Seit November 2011 wird die Wolgograd‐Brücke durch adaptive Massendämpfer bedämpft, deren Frequenz und Dämpfung über geregelte MR‐Dämpfer in Echtzeit an die aktuelle Schwingfrequenz der Brücke angepasst sind. Im schlechtesten Fall bedämpft dieses Konzept die Brücke gleich stark wie passive Massendämpfer und in allen übrigen Fällen stärker. Diese Verbesserung ist mit ungefähr nur halb so viel Massendämpfermasse im Vergleich zu passiven Massendämpfern erreicht, was der Bauweise der Brücke entgegenkommt.Real‐time controlled tuned mass dampers for Wolgograd BridgeIn May 2010, the Wolgograd Bridge underwent wind‐induced bending vibrations with estimated amplitudes of up to 40 cm. Since November 2011, the Wolgograd Bridge is mitigated by adaptive tuned mass dampers whose frequency and damping are adjusted to the actual frequency of vibration in real‐time by controlled MR dampers. This concept mitigates the bridge in the worst case similarly to and in all other cases better than passive tuned mass dampers. This improvement is achieved by approximately half the mass damper mass compared to passive tuned mass dampers which is a desirable feature for the bridge construction type.
WU‐Dächer – Weiße Dächer und Decken aus Stahlbeton
Authors: Bastert Heinrich , Conrad Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWasserundurchlässige Dächer und Decken in Betonbauweise, sogenannte “Weiße Dächer und Decken” oder kurz “WU‐Dächer”, folgen der in über vier Jahrzehnten entwickelten und angewandten WU‐Bauweise. Der Kenntniszuwachs aus Praxis und Grundlagenforschung der WU‐Bauweise ermöglicht mittlerweile die zielsichere Errichtung von Bauwerken, bei denen die konstruktiven Betonbauteile auch die dichtende Funktion gegenüber drückendem und nichtdrückendem Wasser erfolgreich übernehmen. Wie bei den für Bodenfeuchte und drückendes Wasser ausgelegten “Weißen Wannen” gilt die DAfStb‐Richtlinie “Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton” (WU‐Richtlinie) grundsätzlich auch für die WU‐Bauweise von Dächern und Decken. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den planerischen und konstruktiven Besonderheiten dieser Bauweise, die sich ergänzend zu den Regelungen der o.g. Richtlinie bewährt haben und daher bei Planung und Bauausführung Beachtung finden sollten. Neben den mittlerweile bewährten Planungs‐ und Konstruktionsgrundsätzen wird auch der aktuelle Erfahrungsstand aus Sicht von Planern und Bauausführenden dargestellt.Waterproof Concrete Roofs and FloorsWaterproof roofs and floors have been built for more than four decades in the construction of buildings, industrial facilities etc. The rules of the Code of Practice for Waterproof Concrete Structures published by the German Committee for Reinforced Concrete (DAfStb e. V.) also apply to waterproof roofs but they do not include detailed provisions regarding roofs and floors. Beyond the design and construction principles of the code of practice this paper gives additional information about design principles, concrete technology, and construction work that should be considered to ensure the quality of a waterproof reinforced concrete roof.
Einsparung von Grauer Energie bei Hochhäusern
Authors: Berger Tobias , Prasser Patrick , Reinke Hans Georg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAngesichts schrumpfender Ressourcen und der stetig zunehmenden Belastung unserer Umwelt durch Schadstoffe und zu deponierende Abfälle muss das Ziel im Bauwesen in einer erheblichen Neuorientierung der Konstruktionsweisen bestehen. Die gebaute Umwelt (Hochbau, Tiefbau, Infrastruktur) steht für ca. 35% des Energieverbrauchs, 35% der Emissionen, 50% des Ressourcenverbrauchs und – zumindest in Zentraleuropa – für mehr als 50% des Massenmüllaufkommens. Mittel‐ bis langfristig ist dies im Interesse einer nachhaltigen Bewahrung unserer Umwelt für die nach uns kommenden Generationen nicht mehr zu vertreten. Ziel muss sein, die permanente Entnahme von Rohstoffen aus der Natur stark zu reduzieren (langfristig auf Null) und gleichzeitig das Entstehen nicht anderweitig zu verwendenden Abfalls möglichst zu vermeiden. Ein recyclinggerechtes Konstruieren ist für das Erreichen dieser Ziele eine wichtige Voraussetzung. Ziel muss eine Kreislaufwirtschaft sein, bei der idealerweise nur die Ressourcen genutzt werden, die sich bereits vorher im Stoffkreislauf befanden. Um dies praktisch erreichen zu können, sind allerdings viele durchgreifende Veränderungen notwendig, die jetzt den entwerfenden und konstruierenden Ingenieur erreicht haben.Reduction of weight and embodied energy in Highrise constructionThe built environment (architectural engineering, civil engineering, infrastructure) stands for approx. 35% of the energy consumption, 35% of the emissions, 50% of the consumption of resources, and – that is to say in Central Europe – for more than 50% of the mass waste volume. In medium to long‐term considerations about a sustainable preservation of the environment and for the benefit of the coming generations this view can no longer be hold. In the light of dwindling resources and of the steadily increasing pollution of the environment by pollutants and by waste to be landfilled the target must consist in a radical re‐orientation – both with regard to the question, how we are building and with regard to the question, how we are using our built environment. We must succeed in drastically reducing the permanent withdrawal of natural resources from the nature (in the long term down to zero) and simultaneously in avoiding the development of non‐reusable waste. At the same time it will be necessary to produce the entire energy required for the built environment on the regenerative way. A recyclable design is an indispensable precondition for reaching these goals. The aim must be a circular economy with ideal use of resources which were already before integrated in the material cycle. Indeed this can in fact be reached with radical changes only.
Using the cre–lox system to randomize target gene expression states and generate diverse phenotypes
Authors: Niesner Bradley , Maheshri Narendra 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTModifying the expression of multiple genes enables both deeper understanding of their function and the engineering of complex multigenic cellular phenotypes. However, deletion or overexpression of multiple genes is typically laborious and involves multiple sequential genetic modifications. Here we describe a strategy to randomize the expression state of multiple genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using Cre–loxP recombination. By inserting promoters flanked by inverted loxP sites in front of a gene of interest we can randomly alter its expression by turning it OFF or ON, or between four distinct expression states. We show at least 6 genes can be randomized independently and argue that using orthogonal loxP sites should increase this number to at least 15. Finally, we show how combining this strategy with mating allows easy introduction of native regulation as an additional expression state and use this to probe the role of four different enzymes involved in base excision repair in tolerance to methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), a genotoxic DNA alkylating agent. The set of vectors developed here can be used to randomize the expression of both heterologous genes and endogenous genes, and could immediately prove useful for metabolic engineering in yeast. Because Cre–loxP recombination works in many organisms, this strategy should be readily extendable. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2677–2686. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonication‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Routes for the Synthesis of Supported Fe–TiO2 Econanomaterials: Partial Photooxidation of Glucose and Phenol Aqueous Degradation
Authors: Colmenares Juan C. , Magdziarz Agnieszka , Chernyayeva Olga , Lisovytskiy Dmytro , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof , Grzonka Justyna 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFe‐doped TiO2‐supported photocatalytic materials prepared by the use of a mild ultrasound‐assisted protocol have been found to possess excellent selectivities in glucose oxidation and total phenol mineralization. These materials were characterized by a number of techniques such as XRD, diffuse reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, N2 physisorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM with X‐ray microanalysis, HRTEM, and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The proposed synthesis method was found to have a significant effect on textural properties, morphology, and visible‐light responsiveness of nanophotocatalysts. The dopant agent was found to be in the form of Fe3+ ions. The effects of the textural properties, together with the Fe presence and the adsorption ability of the material (acidic properties), seem to be involved in the optimum photocatalytic activities found for Fe–TiO2 supported on zeolite. In phenol photodegradation, although Fe doping demonstrated the detrimental effect on the conversion rate, an improvement in the direct mineralization of phenol to CO2 and water, particularly for the SiO2‐supported photocatalyst, with a negligible content of toxic byproducts in water has been observed in comparison with commercially available Evonik P25.
Clean Synthesis of Amides over Bifunctional Catalysts of Rhodium‐Loaded Titanosilicates
Authors: Xu Le , Li Ningning , Peng Hong‐gen , Wu Peng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRhodium‐loaded titanosilicates were prepared and employed as efficient bifunctional catalysts in the one‐pot synthesis of benzamide from benzaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia, which took place through a tandem reaction including ammoximation of benzaldehyde to benzaldehydeoxime and a sequential dehydration–rehydration reaction to benzamide. Various parameters that influenced the activity and product selectivity were investigated, such as crystalline topologies of the titanosilicate supports, types of transition metals, rhodium content, reaction temperature, time, solvent, and NH3/benzaldehyde molar ratio. Ti‐MWW was proved to be a suitable support for loading the Rh(OH)x species. Rh(OH)x/Ti‐MWWgave 84.9 % of benzaldehyde conversion and 86.9 % of benzamide selectivity, and it was also catalytically active for the transformation of a variety of aldehydes to the corresponding amides. The reusability of the bifunctional catalyst was also investigated. The in situ FTIR technique confirmed that the one‐pot reaction included Ti‐catalyzed ammoximation of benzaldehyde to the benzaldehyde oxime intermediate and sequential rhodium hydroxide related dehydration–rehydration reaction of oximes to amides.
Electrospun Metal Oxide Nanofibres for the Assessment of Catalyst Morphological Stability under Harsh Reaction Conditions
Authors: Kanzler Christian H. , Urban Sven , Zalewska‐Wierzbicka Katarzyna , Hess Franziska , Rohrlack Stefan F. , Wessel Claas , Ostermann Rainer , Hofmann Jan P. , Smarsly Bernd M. , Over Herbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLong‐term stability is a major issue in heterogeneous catalysis and is often related to structural instabilities, which are difficult to assess in the early stage of catalyst screening. However, studies of morphological transformations in catalytic systems can greatly benefit from a well‐defined starting morphology and microstructure of the catalyst to be analysed. The present study suggests the use of catalysts in the form of 1 D nanofibres (NFs) as a conceptual methodology to assess catalyst stability, which is exemplified for the HCl oxidation reaction. These nanostructured model catalysts are synthesised by electrospinning, a versatile method to produce metal oxide NFs. We have studied the stability of RuO2‐ and CeO2‐based materials in the harsh HCl oxidation reaction (Deacon process). At 573 K pure RuO2 NFs have shown to be morphologically unstable, whereas mixed RuO2‐TiO2 NFs are stable. The stability of CeO2‐based NFs in the HCl oxidation was studied at 703 K. Under HCl lean conditions CeO2 NFs are stable, whereas under HCl rich conditions pure CeO2 NFs disintegrate by recrystallisation, forming (hydrated) Ce‐chloride. If CeO2 is doped with 20 % of Zr, the resulting mixed oxide Zr0.20Ce0.80O2 NFs have shown to be stable even under HCl rich reaction conditions and are similarly active as pure CeO2. These are the first activity experiments of mixed oxide ZrxCe1−xO2 in the Deacon process. The versatility of electrospun NFs as model catalysts has been demonstrated for testing catalyst stability in terms of morphology changes, thus serving as a proof‐of‐principle study.
Mechanistic Investigations on the Photoisomerization Reactions of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐Azaborine
Authors: Su Ming‐Der 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe mechanisms of the photochemical isomerization reactions were investigated theoretically by using a model system of 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine with the CAS(6,6)/6‐311G(d,p) and MP2‐CAS‐(6,6)/6‐311++G(3df,3pd)//CAS(6,6)/6‐311G(d,p) methods. Three reaction pathways, which lead to three kinds of photoisomers, have been examined. The structures of the conical intersections, which play a decisive role in such photorearrangements, were obtained. The thermal (or dark) reactions of the reactant species have also been examined by using the same level of theory to assist in providing a qualitative explanation of the reaction pathways. The model investigations suggest that the preferred reaction route for 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine, which leads to the Dewar 1,2‐dihydro‐1,2‐azaborine photoproduct, is as follows: reactant→Franck–Condon region→conical intersection→photoproduct. The results obtained allow a number of predictions to be made.
Ostwald‐Ripening‐Induced Growth of Parallel Face‐Exposed Ag Nanoplates on Micro‐Hemispheres for High SERS Activity
Authors: Zhu Chuhong , Meng Guowen , Huang Qing , Zhang Yao , Tang Haibin , Qian Yiwu , Chen Bin , Wang Xiujuan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAg nanoplates, as two‐dimensional plasmonic nanostructures, have attracted intensive attention due to their strong shape‐dependent optical properties and related applications. Here parallel face‐exposed Ag nanoplates vertically grown on micro‐hemisphere surfaces have been achieved by firstly electrodepositing the micro‐hemispheres assembled by Ag nanoplates, whose planar surfaces are stuck together, on indium tin oxide substrates, and then Ostwald ripening the as‐electrodeposited micro‐hemispheres in water. The sizes of the nanoplates and the gaps between the neighboring nanoplates have been tailored by tuning the Ostwald‐ripening duration, so that the SERS activity of the micro‐hemispheres has been remarkably improved. The improved SERS activity can be well explained by our systematic finite‐element simulation. Therefore, Ostwald ripening offers a route to the synthesis of Ag nanoplates, and the optimization of plasmon coupling and SERS activity of nanostructure‐assembled systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Fluorinated Alkenes and Arenes via a Palladium Fluoride Key Intermediate.
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Saijo Hiroki , Shibata Mitsutoshi , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new strategy for the title C—C bond formation is developed.
Prediction of bed fluctuation and expansion ratios for homogeneous ternary mixtures of spherical glass bead particles in a three‐phase fluidised bed
Authors: Dora D. Tapas Kumar , Mohanty Yashobanata Kumar , Roy Gopendra Kishore , Sarangi Bidyapati 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe prediction of the fluctuation and expansion ratios in three‐phase fluidised beds of homogeneous particles is of prime importance in designing the equipments and evaluating the efficiency of a number of physical and/or chemical operations of industrial importance. A clear knowledge of the hydrodynamic behaviour in a three‐phase fluidised bed is a prerequisite for this purpose. To explore this, a series of experiments have been carried out for homogeneous well‐mixed ternary mixtures of three different sizes of glass beads of varying compositions in a three‐phase fluidised bed. The hydrodynamic characteristics determined include the bed fluctuation and expansion ratios. The dependence of these quantities on the average particle diameter, superficial gas velocity and initial static bed height has been discussed. Based on dimensional and statistical analyses, correlations have been developed with the system parameters, viz., average particle diameter, initial static bed height and superficial velocity of the fluidising medium. Experimental values of bed fluctuation and expansion ratios have been found to agree well with those calculated from developed correlations.
Müller cells express the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the vervet monkey retina
Authors: Bouskila Joseph , Javadi Pasha , Casanova Christian , Ptito Maurice , Bouchard Jean‐François 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe presence of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) has been largely documented in the rodent and primate retinae in recent years. There is, however, some controversy concerning the presence of the CB2 receptor (CB2R) within the central nervous system. Only recently, CB2R has been found in the rodent retina, but its presence in the primate retina has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was twofold: 1) to characterize the distribution patterns of CB2R in the monkey retina and compare this distribution with that previously reported for CB1R and 2) to resolve the controversy on the presence of CB2R in the neural component of the retina. We therefore thoroughly examined the cellular localization of CB2R in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabeus) retina, using confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrate that CB2R, like CB1R, is present throughout the retinal layers, but with striking dissimilarities. Double labeling of CB2R and glutamine synthetase shows that CB2R is restricted to Müller cell processes, extending from the internal limiting membrane, with very low staining, to the external limiting membrane, with heavy labeling. We conclude that CB2R is indeed present in the retina but exclusively in the retinal glia, whereas CB1R is expressed only in the neuroretina. These results extend our knowledge on the expression and distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the monkey retina, although further experiments are still needed to clarify their role in retinal functions. J. Comp. Neurol. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:2399–2415, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanodiamond–TiO2 Composites for Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Pastrana‐Martínez Luisa M. , Morales‐Torres Sergio , Carabineiro Sónia A. C. , Buijnsters Josephus G. , Faria Joaquim L. , Figueiredo José L. , Silva Adrián M. T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis is a pioneering study on the synthesis and application of composites based on micro‐ and nanodiamonds for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental water pollutants. Micro‐ and nanodiamond powders (with particle sizes of 1–3 μm and 2–10 nm, respectively) were combined with TiO2, by varying the carbon‐phase content, and tested as composite photocatalysts for the degradation of diphenhydramine, which is a pharmaceutical water pollutant, under near‐UV/Vis irradiation. These composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than the respective bare materials. In addition, composites prepared with pristine nanodiamonds were always more active than those prepared with microdiamonds of the same carbon content. A significant enhancement in the photocatalytic performance was observed on preparation of the composite with 15 wt % of nanodiamonds oxidised in air at 703 K; these oxidised nanodiamonds contained mainly carboxylic anhydrides, lactones, phenols and, to a lesser extent, carbonyl/quinone groups on their surface.
A MAC protocol for the mixed scenario of omnidirectional and directional nodes in an ad hoc network
Authors: Alam Md. Nasre , Hussain Md. Asdaque , Khan Pervez , Kim Baek‐Hyun , Kwak Kyung Sup 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn ad hoc networks, directional antennas offer many benefits compared with classical omnidirectional antennas. Those include significant increases in spatial reuse, coverage range, and subsequently network capacity as a whole. Most of the proposed directional medium access control methods assume that all the nodes in the network have homogeneous antenna types. However, it is quite unusual that a sudden change will occur, and every laptop, palmtop, computer, and other similar device will be turned into a directional antenna holding device. There will always be a possibility of heterogeneous antenna used in the deployed nodes of the network. In this paper, we have proposed a medium access control protocol that deals with the new challenges introduced into heterogeneous networks in the form of deaf and hidden node problems. Using Optimized Network Engineering Tools 16.0, we have simulated three ad hoc network scenarios. These scenarios have different ratios of omnidirectional and directional nodes. We evaluated the performance of these scenarios by varying the ratio. We found that when we increase the directional nodes in the network, the performance increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inbreeding reveals mode of past selection on male reproductive characters in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ala‐Honkola Outi , Hosken David J. , Manier Mollie K. , Lüpold Stefan , Droge‐Young Elizabeth M. , Berben Kirstin S. , Collins William F. , Belote John M. , Pitnick Scott 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDirectional dominance is a prerequisite of inbreeding depression. Directionality arises when selection drives alleles that increase fitness to fixation and eliminates dominant deleterious alleles, while deleterious recessives are hidden from it and maintained at low frequencies. Traits under directional selection (i.e., fitness traits) are expected to show directional dominance and therefore an increased susceptibility to inbreeding depression. In contrast, traits under stabilizing selection or weakly linked to fitness are predicted to exhibit little‐to‐no inbreeding depression. Here, we quantify the extent of inbreeding depression in a range of male reproductive characters and then infer the mode of past selection on them. The use of transgenic populations of Drosophila melanogaster with red or green fluorescent‐tagged sperm heads permitted in vivo discrimination of sperm from competing males and quantification of characteristics of ejaculate composition, performance, and fate. We found that male attractiveness (mating latency) and competitive fertilization success (P2) both show some inbreeding depression, suggesting they may have been under directional selection, whereas sperm length showed no inbreeding depression suggesting a history of stabilizing selection. However, despite having measured several sperm quality and quantity traits, our data did not allow us to discern the mechanism underlying the lowered competitive fertilization success of inbred (f = 0.50) males.
Silver‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Phosphonation of Arenes Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Mao Xuerong , Ma Xiao , Zhang Shuwei , Hu Hongwen , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA highly efficient, AgI/K2S2O8‐mediated regioselective phosphonation reaction has been developed by using electron‐deficient directing groups. These phosphonation reactions were performed with N,N‐dialkylbenzamides, N,N‐dialkylbenzenesulfonamides, and nitrobenzene. This method has a broad substrate scope and offers facile construction of C–P bonds.