bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional anxiety scales for DSM-5: Sensitivity to clinical severity
Authors: Knappe S. , Klotsche J. , Strobel A. , LeBeau R.T. , Craske M.G. , Wittchen H.-U. , Beesdo-Baum K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposePsychometric properties and clinical sensitivity of brief self-rated dimensional scales to supplement categorical diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the DSM-5 were recently demonstrated in a German treatment seeking sample of adults. The present study aims to demonstrate sensitivity of these scales to clinical severity levels.MethodsThe dimensional scales were administered to 102 adults at a university outpatient clinic for psychotherapy. Diagnostic status was assessed using the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. To establish a wide range of clinical severity, we considered subthreshold (n= 83) and threshold anxiety disorders (n= 49, including Social Phobia, Specific Phobia, Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder).ResultsIndividuals with either subthreshold or threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on all dimensional scales relative to individuals without anxiety. In addition, individuals with a threshold anxiety disorder scored higher on the dimensional scales than individuals with a subthreshold anxiety disorder (except for specific phobia). Disorder-related impairment ratings, global functioning assessments and number of panic attacks were associated with higher scores on dimensional scales. Findings were largely unaffected by the number of anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive disorders.ConclusionThe self-rated dimensional anxiety scales demonstrated sensitivity to clinical severity, and a cut-off based on additional assessment of impairment and distress may assist in the discrimination between subthreshold and threshold anxiety disorders. Findings suggest further research in various populations to test the utility of the scales for use in DSM-5.
Evolutionary consumption
Authors: Saad Gad 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn overview of the field of evolutionary consumption is provided. Brief summaries of disciplines within the evolutionary behavioral sciences that preceded evolutionary psychology (EP) are first offered. This is followed by a discussion of important EP principles including the domain‐specificity of the human mind, and the difference between ultimate and proximate scientific explanations. The evolutionary bases of memory, attitude formation/change, emotions, perception (our five senses), personality, and decision making are addressed next, along with specific links to consumer research. Next, I demonstrate how numerous consumer acts could be classified into one of four basal Darwinian modules: survival, reproduction (mating), kin selection, and reciprocal altruism. The paper continues with an exploration of the evolutionary roots of cultural products (e.g., song lyrics) and Darwinian happiness (along with the evolutionary etiology of maladaptive phenomena such as pathological gambling and compulsive buying). I conclude with a discussion of key epistemological benefits of Darwinizing consumer research including greater consilience, increased interdisciplinarity, and an ethos of methodological pluralism.
Treatment of electrical storms in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Veerakul Gumpanart , Nademanee Koonlawee 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPatients with Brugada syndrome (BrS) not uncommonly suffer from recurrent and recalcitrant ventricular fibrillation episodes, the so‐called “electrical storm” which is malignant and potentially lethal event. While electrical storm in BrS is a therapeutic challenge, fortunately there are effective therapeutic solutions which must be compulsory applied: Elimination of precipitating factors, isoproterenol and oral quinidine are the first 2 therapeutic steps that one must urgently commenced. And if this measure should fail, ablation of the triggering ventricular premature beats and/or substrate ablation at the anterior aspect of the right ventricular outflow tract should be performed.
The effect of environmental complexity and environmental dynamism on lean practices
Authors: Azadegan Arash , Patel Pankaj C. , Zangoueinezhad Abouzar , Linderman Kevin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIncreasingly manufacturers implement lean practices to improve operational performance. In addition, manufacturers operate in ever more complex and volatile environments. This research investigates the effects of environmental complexity and dynamism on lean operations and lean purchasing practices. It empirically examines these relationships using archival and survey data from 126 manufacturers. The results show that environmental complexity positively moderates the effects of lean operations and lean purchasing on performance. However, environmental dynamism reduces the benefits of lean operations on performance, but enhances the benefits of lean purchasing on performance. Robustness tests further confirm the contingent effects of complexity and dynamism on lean operations and lean purchasing. This research offers a more nuanced understanding of the effect of external environmental context on lean practices, and suggests that practitioners should carefully consider the external environment when implementing different types of lean practices.
The Effects of Combined Trunk and Gluteal Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Posture and Tissue Health in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wu Gary A. , Lombardo Lisa , Triolo Ronald J. , Bogie Kath M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate whether combined trunk and gluteal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) alters seated posture and improves pelvic tissue health in persons with a spinal cord injury.DesignIntervention study; case series.SettingResearch laboratory, medical center.ParticipantsSeven persons with spinal cord injury recruited from a group of experienced implanted lower extremity NMES system users.InterventionCombined trunk and gluteal NMES in the sitting position. Five minutes of preintervention sitting was assessed, followed by 5 minutes of NMES application, and then 5 minutes of postintervention.Main Outcome MeasuresPelvic tissue health was evaluated by concurrently measuring transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) bilaterally over the ischia and the seating interface pressure (IP). TcPO2 data were binned into low (<10 mm Hg), medium (10‐30 mm Hg), and high (>30 mm Hg) ranges, and the percentage time that TcPO2 was in each range was calculated. Ischial and sacral regions of interest were defined and the maximum region of interest and mean IP were determined, together with the maximum IP gradient for the entire contact area. Initial seating postures varied; 4 persons were initially sacral sitters. Tissue health responses to NMES were reviewed for sacral and nonsacral sitters.ResultsFor sacral sitters, the sacral region IP and the maximum IP gradient tended to decrease during NMES and increased again after the intervention. Mean ischial TcPO2 increased during NMES and remained elevated after the intervention, increasing high TcPO2 percentage time for 50% of the sacral sitters both during and after the intervention. Nonsacral sitters showed few changes in tissue health as the result of the application of NMES.ConclusionsTrunk and gluteal stimulation acutely corrects anterior/posterior IP distribution, improving regional tissue health for sacral sitters. This correction requires constant application of NMES. The potential for positive changes in tissue health would be maximized by regular NMES use incorporating weight shifting.
Inherited Polyneuropathies
Authors: Rinaldi Robert , Patel Atul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe large degree of clinical heterogeneity within each of the major categories of inherited neuropathies can lead to difficulties in making correct diagnoses based on clinical findings alone. The observation of key clinical findings coupled with electrophysiological findings and understanding of inheritance patterns, should allow the clinician to make judicious use of genetic testing to confirm the clinical diagnosis. An understanding of the clinical and electrophysiological nature of these disorders, as well as an understanding of how to clinically distinguish the inherited conditions from acquired conditions, is imperative to this process.
Rigid ring-shaped particles that align in simple shear flow
Authors: Singh Vikram , Koch Donald L. , Stroock Abraham D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMost rigid, torque-free, low-Reynolds-number, axisymmetric particles undergo a time-periodic tumbling motion in a simple shear flow, with their axes of symmetry following a set of closed Jeffery orbits. We have identified a class of rigid, ring-like particles whose axes of symmetry instead reach a permanent alignment near the velocity gradient direction with the plane of the particle aligning near the flow–vorticity plane. An asymptotic analysis for small particle aspect ratio (ratio of length parallel to the axis of symmetry to diameter perpendicular to the axis) shows that an appropriate asymmetry of the ring cross-section with a thinner outer edge and thicker inner edge leads to a tendency to rotate in a direction opposite to the vorticity; this tendency can balance the usual rotation rate associated with the finite thickness of the particle. Boundary integral computations for finite particle aspect ratios are used to determine the conditions of aspect ratio and degree of asymmetry that lead to the aligning behaviour and the final orientation of the axis of symmetry of the aligned particles. The aligning particle follows an equation of motion similar to the Leslie–Erickson equation for the director of a small-molecule nematic liquid crystal. However, whereas the alignment of the director arises from intermolecular interactions, the ring-like particle aligns solely due to its intrinsic rotational motion in a low-Reynolds-number flow.
ISOMETRIES BETWEEN UNIT SPHERES OF THE -SUM OF STRICTLY CONVEX NORMED SPACES
Authors: DING GUANG-GUI , LI JIAN-ZE 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe prove that any surjective isometry between unit spheres of the ${\ell }^{\infty } $-sum of strictly convex normed spaces can be extended to a linear isometry on the whole space, and we solve the isometric extension problem affirmatively in this case.
Mitochondrialcoxsequences ofNilaparvata lugensandSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera, Delphacidae): low specificity among Asian planthopper populations
Authors: Matsumoto Yukiko , Matsumura Masaya , Sanada-Morimura Sachiyo , Hirai Yoshio , Sato Yuki , Noda Hiroaki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe brown planthoppers (BPH)Nilaparvata lugens(Stål) and the white-backed planthoppers (WBPH)Sogatella furcifera(Horváth) annually migrate from tropical and subtropical regions to temperate regions in Asia, including Japan, Korea and northern China. To elucidate the genetic divergence based on geography of planthoppers and to estimate their migration route on the basis of molecular data, we analysed a part of their mitochondrial genome sequences. Sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) – transfer RNA for Leu (trnL2) –cox2were determined for 579 BPH (1,928 bp) and 464 WBPH (1,927 bp) individuals collected from 31 and 25 locations, respectively, in East and Southeast Asia. Thirty and 20 mitochondrial haplotypes were detected for BPH and WBPH, respectively. Single populations of both planthoppers included multiple haplotypes, and many haplotypes were shared in some populations and areas. The most frequently detected haplotypes accounted for approximately 50% of all BPH and WBPH individuals. To evaluate gene flow among planthoppers in different regions in Asia, pairwise fixation index (Fst) values were calculated. For BPH, highFstvalues (0.580–0.926) were shown between planthoppers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the other areas and moderateFstvalues (0.176–0.362) were observed between those in southern Philippines and other areas. For WBPH, theFstvalue was the highest between Taiwan and southern Vietnam (0.236), and low among the other areas. AMOVA indicated no genetic structure among eight areas, excluding southern Philippines and PNG, for BPH, and among ten areas for WBPH. These data indicate that both planthoppers do not show much differentiation of local populations and/or have genetically intermixed Asian populations. These data also indicate that it may be difficult to distinguish regional planthopper populations on the basis of differences in mitochondrial sequences.
Trends in suicidal ideation in England: the National Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys of 2000 and 2007
Authors: Spiers N. , Bebbington P. E. , Dennis M. S. , Brugha T. S. , McManus S. , Jenkins R. , Meltzer H. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundRecent falls in suicide rates should be accompanied by a decline in the prevalence of suicidal ideation.MethodWe used a pseudo-cohort analytic strategy to examine trends in suicidal ideation measured identically in 2000 and 2007, in nationally representative English probability samples of adults aged ⩾ 16 years. Suicidal ideation included tiredness of life, death wishes and thoughts of suicide. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate trends in age-specific prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year and past week between 2000 and 2007.ResultsThere were 6799 participants aged 16–71 years in 2000, and 6815 participants aged 16–78 years in 2007. There was little evidence of trends in prevalence of suicidal ideation, with the exception of women aged 44–50 years in 2007, whose prevalence was unusually high. Prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year followed a W-shaped profile with age, with peaks at the transition to adulthood, in the forties, and in the oldest participants.ConclusionsDespite falling suicide rates, suicidal ideation did not decline overall between 2000 and 2007. This may indicate the success of the National Suicide Prevention Strategy. Women aged 44–50 years in 2007 were, however, particularly prone to suicidal ideation. As they also have the highest age-adjusted prevalence of common mental disorders and the highest female suicide rate, there are clear implications for treatment access, availability and delivery in primary care.
Transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisfrom an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) to a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and humans in an Australian zoo
Authors: STEPHENS N. , VOGELNEST L. , LOWBRIDGE C. , CHRISTENSEN A. , MARKS G. B. , SINTCHENKO V. , McANULTY J. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYMycobacterium tuberculosisis primarily a pathogen of humans. Infections have been reported in animal species and it is emerging as a significant disease of elephants in the care of humans. With the close association between humans and animals, transmission can occur. In November 2010, a clinically healthy Asian elephant in an Australian zoo was found to be sheddingM. tuberculosis; in September 2011, a sick chimpanzee at the same zoo was diagnosed with tuberculosis caused by an indistinguishable strain ofM. tuberculosis.Investigations included staff and animal screening. Four staff had tuberculin skin test conversions associated with spending at least 10 hours within the elephant enclosure; none had disease. Six chimpanzees had suspected infection. A pathway of transmission between the animals could not be confirmed. Tuberculosis in an elephant can be transmissible to people in close contact and to other animals more remotely. The mechanism for transmission from elephants requires further investigation.
Satellite-derived UV climatology at Escudero Station, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Cordero Raul R. , Damiani Alessandro , Seckmeyer Gunther , Riechelmann Stefan , Labbe Fernando , Laroze David , Garate Fernanda 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have used data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite over the period 2004–11 to describe the characteristics of surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at Escudero Station (62°12′S, 58°57′W). The station is located on King George Island (northern Antarctic Peninsula). Temperatures in summer are frequently above 0°C, and the surrounding ocean is typically ice-free. We found that the UV irradiance at Escudero is driven by the Antarctic ozone hole (which annually in spring leads to significant variations in the ozone) and by clouds (which are more frequent and have a larger optical depth compared with other Antarctic sites). The combined effect of ozone and clouds led to significant variations in the surface UV. The variability (taken as the standard deviation of the UV estimates retrieved from OMI) is typically greater than 30% at Escudero, but may reach values greater than 50% in spring. The consistency of OMI-derived data was checked by using ground-based spectral measurements carried out under controlled conditions in January 2011.
Late Quaternary climate variability as recorded by micropalaeontological diatom data and geochemical data in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Tolotti R. , Salvi C. , Salvi G. , Bonci M.C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCores acquired from the Ross Sea continental shelf and continental slope during the XXX Italian Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) were analysed and yielded interesting micropalaeontological, biostratigraphic diatom results and palaeoceanographic implications. These multi-proxy analyses enabled us to reconstruct the glacial/deglacial history of this sector of the Ross embayment over the last 40 000 years, advancing our understanding of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) environmental and sedimentological processes linked to the Ross Sea ice sheet/ice shelf fluctuations in a basin and continental-slope environment, and allowed us to measure some of the palaeoceanographic dynamics. The central sector of the Ross Sea and part of its coast (south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue) enjoyed open marine conditions in the pre-LGM era (27 500–24 000 years bp). The retreat of the ice sheet could have been influenced by a southward shift of a branch of the Ross gyre, which triggered early deglaciation at c. 18 600 cal bp with a significant Modified Circumpolar Deep Water inflow over the continental slope at c. 14 380 cal BP. We assume that a lack of depositional material in each core, although at different times, represents a hiatus. Other than problems in core collection, this could be due to the onset of modern oceanographic conditions, with strong gravity currents and strong High Salinity Shelf Water exportation. Moreover, we presume that improvements in biostratigraphy, study of reworked diatom taxa, and lithological and geochemical analyses will provide important constraints for the reconstruction of the LGM grounding line, ice-flow lines and ice-flow paths and an interesting tool for reconstructing palaeo-sub-bottom currents in this sector of the Ross embayment.
Human disturbance and conspecifics influence display site selection by Great Bustards Otis tarda
Authors: BURNSIDE ROBERT J. , VÉGVÁRI ZSOLT , JAMES RICHARD , KONYHÁS SANDOR , KOVÁCS GÁBOR , SZÉKELY TAMÁS 
Published: March 2013

SummaryUnderstanding habitat selection and assessing habitat quality have an important role in habitat management and prioritisation of areas for protection. However, interpretations of habitat selection and habitat quality can be confounded by social effects such as conspecific attraction. Using 7 years’ data from a well monitored Great Bustard Otis tarda population in Central Europe, we investigated the roles of human disturbance and social cues in display site selection of male Great Bustards Otis tarda. The spatial distribution of displaying males was best predicted by human disturbance. In addition, the number of males attending display sites was strongly correlated to the number of females present and not with disturbance. This suggests that abundance could be a misleading metric for habitat quality in social species. Our results highlight the roles of disturbance and social cues in male habitat choice, and suggest that social factors need to be taken into consideration for management of endangered populations.
Effect of mowing on productivity in the endangered Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola
Authors: KUBACKA JUSTYNA , OPPEL STEFFEN , DYRCZ ANDRZEJ , LACHMANN LARS , BARROS DA COSTA J. PEDRO DUARTE , KAIL ULLA , ZDUNEK WANDA 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola is a globally threatened habitat specialist that breeds in open fens in Central and Eastern Europe. Because bush and reed encroachment threaten many suitable breeding areas, habitat management is necessary to maintain the open wetlands that Aquatic Warblers require for nesting. The effectiveness of mowing as habitat management has so far only been assessed by counting the number of singing males. To assess whether mowing also affected vital reproduction parameters, we analysed Aquatic Warbler productivity in the Biebrza National Park, Poland, on plots in four different successional stages after mowing. Our study showed that productivity was lowest in the first year after mowing, but increased to the highest levels in the second year after mowing. The productivity differences between areas at different stages after mowing resulted from differences in nest density, since we found little evidence for an effect of mowing on nest survival or the number of fledglings produced per successful nest. Nest survival was highly variable between years and varied mostly with nest age and nest initiation date. The density of singing males was positively correlated with both the nest density and the number of fledglings produced in an area, suggesting that this simple indicator could be used to rank the quality of Aquatic Warbler habitats. We recommend that in mesotrophic fen mires, such as the Biebrza valley, mowing as habitat management is applied less frequently than every second year.
Should More Polls Be Interpreted as Too Close to Call?
Authors: Hill Walter W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDuring political campaigns the spread between the popularity of the candidates is a common metric capturing the state of the horse-race feature of the campaign. One candidate is said to be ahead of another by an indicated number of percentage points. If the difference is less than the margin of error, the race is considered too close to call. In two-person races, however, the spread corresponds to a much smaller confidence level than is usually reported because the two numbers used to compute the spread are not independent. The size of the confidence interval that is typically reported is incorrect by a factor of two. Therefore, some spreads that are reported as decisive are races too close to call.
Giving Up Control in the Classroom: Having Students Create and Carry Out Simulations in IR Courses
Authors: Frombgen Elizabeth , Babalola David , Beye Aaron , Boyce Stacey , Flint Toby , Mancini Lucia , Van Eaton Katie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHow can we make international relations real and meaningful for undergraduates? Because of my own frustration with this challenge, I tried a new way of teaching international relations. During the fall 2009 semester, the final exam for an upper-division course required the students to create and conduct a simulation to teach other students about international political institutions. I willingly gave up control of my classroom to the students!