bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference node selection in dynamic tree
Authors: Jabbarifar Masoume , Dagenais Michel 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe reference node (RN) is a central node that has minimum distance/hop count to all other nodes in the network. This central node can play several critical roles such as being the time reference in order to synchronise computer nodes. For synchronisation, the main goal is to minimise the sum of synchronisation errors. The time synchronisation error, known for each link between two nodes, accumulates for each hop along the path used for synchronisation between two nodes. In such a context, the best RN is defined as having the minimal sum of time synchronisation errors between itself and every other node. Thus, the first step for error minimisation is to select a minimum spanning tree (MST), formed by the links with minimum synchronisation error, as synchronisation path. The second step is to select an RN, which minimises the sum of synchronisation errors to all nodes in the MST, as time reference for synchronisation. In a dynamic network, where communication links appear and disappear, and synchronisation accuracy improves as more packets are exchanged, a static RN would entail suboptimal synchronisation accuracy. All existing models in this area are limited to static RNs because of the computing cost of updating the RN, yielding a suboptimal total synchronisation error over time and causing problems if the selected node is removed from the dynamic network. This paper presents a novel and efficient method for dynamic RN selection in dynamic networks. The approach proposed in this paper improves the performance of RN computation and update in live mode for dynamic networks. This new method concentrates on the altered path with respect to the RN, each time the MST is updated. This provides an efficient way to find and maintain a RN incrementally in an average time complexity of O(log n) per update, which n is the total number of nodes in the network. The proposed approach was tested with a huge dynamic network containing 60 000 simulated nodes, in a number of different situations. The proposed approach achieves excellent running time while minimising synchronisation error. Although this work is currently used for time synchronisation purposes, several dynamic network tools can benefit from an efficient incremental algorithm to calculate hop counts and select a central point for the network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anion Binding Properties of Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes with Amide‐Functionalized Terpyridine: Host–Guest Interactions and Fluoride Ion‐Induced Deprotonation
Authors: Yeung Margaret Ching-Lam , Chu Ben Wai-Kin , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvited for this months cover is the group of Prof. Vivian Wing‐Wah Yam, at the Department of Chemistry of The University of Hong Kong. The cover picture shows the structure of one of their alkynylplatinum(II) complexes with amide‐functionalized terpyridine ligands in the present work. In their article, Margaret Ching‐Lam Yeung et al. successfully demonstrated an anion sensing strategy based on the host–guest interaction between the amide‐based receptor moiety and various anions by monitoring UV/Vis and emission spectral changes. In particular, drastic color changes were observed for the complex upon titration with F− ions. These were ascribed to the deprotonation of the amide functionalities induced by F− ions. This has been confirmed by the restoration of spectral changes upon the addition of CF3COOH to the F– ion–complex mixture. With such drastic color changes, this complex could be a promising candidate to serve as a probing sensor for the visual detection of F− ions. For more details, see the Communication on 10.1002/open.201402019 (p. 172 ff.)
Cover Picture: Anion Binding Properties of Alkynylplatinum(II) Complexes with Amide‐Functionalized Terpyridine: Host–Guest Interactions and Fluoride Ion‐Induced Deprotonation (ChemistryOpen 5/2014)
Authors: Yeung Margaret Ching-Lam , Chu Ben Wai-Kin , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNo Abstract
Pubertal development and primary ovarian insufficiency in female survivors of embryonal brain tumors following risk‐adapted craniospinal irradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: DeWire Mariko , Green Daniel M. , Sklar Charles A. , Merchant Thomas E. , Wallace Dana , Lin Tong , Vern‐Gross Tamara , Kun Larry E. , Krasin Matthew J. , Boyett James M. , Wright Karen D. , Wetmore Cynthia , Broniscer Alberto , Gajjar Amar 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundFemale survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors are at an increased risk for gonadal damage and variations in the timing of puberty following radiotherapy and alkylating agent‐based chemotherapy.ProcedureClinical and laboratory data were obtained from 30 evaluable female patients with newly diagnosed embryonal CNS tumors treated on a prospective protocol (SJMB 96) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH). Pubertal development was evaluated by Tanner staging. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) was determined by Tanner staging and FSH level. Females with Tanner stage I–II and FSH > 15 mIU/ml, or Tanner stage III–V, FSH > 25 mIU/ml and FSH greater than LH were defined to have ovarian insufficiency. Recovery of ovarian function was defined as normalization of FSH without therapeutic intervention.ResultsMedian length of follow‐up post completion of therapy was 7.2 years (4.0–10.8 years). The cumulative incidence of pubertal onset was 75.6% by the age of 13. Precocious puberty was observed in 11.1% and delayed puberty in 11.8%. The cumulative incidence of POI was 82.8%, though recovery was observed in 38.5%.ConclusionsTreatment for primary CNS embryonal tumors may cause variations in the timing of pubertal development, impacting physical and psychosocial development. Female survivors are at risk for POI, a subset of whom will recover function over time. Further refinement of therapies is needed in order to reduce late ovarian insufficiency. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:329–334. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a prediction model for diagnosing blood stream infections in febrile, non‐neutropenic children with cancer
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Pentima M. Cecilia Di , Zhao Zhiguo , Shintani Ayumi , Esbenshade Jennifer C. , Simpson Monique E. , Montgomery Kathleen C. , Lindell Robert B. , Lee Haerin , Wallace Ato , Garcia Kelly L. , Moons Karel G.M. , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPediatric oncology patients are at increased risk for blood stream infections (BSI). Risk in the absence of severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] ≥500/µl) is not well defined.ProcedureIn a retrospective cohort of febrile (temperature ≥38.0° for >1 hr or ≥38.3°) pediatric oncology patients with ANC ≥500/µl, a diagnostic prediction model for BSI was constructed using logistic regression modeling and the following candidate predictors: age, ANC, absolute monocyte count, body temperature, inpatient/outpatient presentation, sex, central venous catheter type, hypotension, chills, cancer diagnosis, stem cell transplant, upper respiratory symptoms, and exposure to cytarabine, anti‐thymocyte globulin, or anti‐GD2 antibody. The model was internally validated with bootstrapping methods.ResultsAmong 932 febrile episodes in 463 patients, we identified 91 cases of BSI. Independently significant predictors for BSI were higher body temperature (Odds ratio [OR] 2.36 P < 0.001), tunneled external catheter (OR 13.79 P < 0.001), peripherally inserted central catheter (OR 3.95 P = 0.005), elevated ANC (OR 1.19 P = 0.024), chills (OR 2.09 P = 0.031), and hypotension (OR 3.08 P = 0.004). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis (OR 0.34 P = 0.026), increased age (OR 0.70 P = 0.049), and drug exposure (OR 0.08 P < 0.001) were associated with decreased risk for BSI. The risk prediction model had a C‐index of 0.898; after bootstrapping adjustment for optimism, corrected C‐index 0.885.ConclusionsWe developed a diagnostic prediction model for BSI in febrile pediatric oncology patients without severe neutropenia. External validation is warranted before use in clinical practice. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:262–268. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory morbidity in children with profound intellectual and multiple disability
Authors: Proesmans M. , Vreys M. , Huenaerts E. , Haest E. , Coremans S. , Vermeulen F. , Feys H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackground‘Profound intellectual and multiple disability’ (PIMD) is defined as a profound cognitive disability with severe sensory and motor impairments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the respiratory morbidity in children with PIMD and investigate possible risk factors.MethodsIn 10 specialized facilities for daily care of patients with PIMD, children underwent a standardized clinical assessement evaluating respiratory and motor function. Additional medical information was obtained.ResultsOne hundred and twenty seven children aged 2–21 years were tested (median age 12 years; IQR 8–16). 72% had epilepsy, 42% were gastrostomy fed. The median number of lower airway infection per years was four (IQR 1–4). While 68% of patient had no hospital admissions for respiratory disease, 12% of patients were admitted three times or more. Chronic antibiotic therapy was prescribed to nine patients (7%), and 19 patients (15%) were chronically treated with mucolytics, inhaled corticosteroids and/or bronchodilators. Chest physiotherapy was given daily to 26 patients (22%).Gastroesophageal reflux, swallowing problem and aspiration increased the risk for hospital admissions. Additionally risk factors were the severity of disability, axial hypotonia, presence of epilepsy, scoliosis, limited shoulder movement, paradoxical breathing and absence of a spontaneous cough reflex.ConclusionThe overall respiratory morbidity in our sample of children with PIMD was lower than anticipated. While a subgroup of children are prone to recurrent severe airway problems, the majority of children did not experience severe airway infections.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:1033–1038.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T‐duality and non‐geometric solutions from double geometry
Authors: Cederwall M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAlthough the introduction of generalised and extended geometry has been motivated mainly by the appearance of dualities upon reductions on tori, it has until now been unclear how (all) the duality transformations arise from first principles in extended geometry. A proposal for solving this problem is given in the framework of double field theory. It is based on a clearly defined extension of the definition of gauge symmetry by isometries of an underlying pseudo‐Riemannian manifold. The ensuing relation between transformations of coordinates and fields, which is now derived from first principles, differs from earlier proposals.
Protective effect of tadalafil on the functional and structural changes of the rat ventral prostate caused by chronic pelvic ischemia
Authors: Zarifpour Mona , Nomiya Masanori , Sawada Norifumi , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDThe etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), a common among aged men, is not fully understood, however, in addition to androgens and aging, chronic ischemia has been proposed to contribute. Using an established rat model, we investigated whether chronic ischemia alters the structural and functional properties of the ventral rat prostate, and whether phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor (tadalafil) may have a protective action.METHODSAdult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into control, arterial endothelial injury (AI), and AI with tadalafil treatment (AI‐tadalafil) groups. AI and AI‐tadalafil groups underwent endothelial injury of the iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet following AI. AI‐tadalafil rats were treated with tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day) orally for 8 weeks after AI. The control group received a regular diet. After 8 weeks, animals were sacrificed, and pharmacological and morphological studies on prostate tissues were performed.RESULTSIliac arteries from AI rats displayed neo‐intimal formation and luminal occlusion, an effect that was not prevented by tadalafil treatment. In the AI group, there was an obvious epithelial atrophy and a statistically significant increase in collagen fibers compared with the controls. Immunohistochemically, there was an up‐regulation of smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA). Contractile responses of prostate strips to KCl, electrical field stimulation (EFS), and phenylephrine (PE) were significantly higher after AI than in controls. Chronic treatment with tadalafil prevented the increase in contractile responses in ischemic tissue, and decreased the collagen deposition compared with the AI group.CONCLUSIONSIn this rat model, chronic pelvic ischemia caused distinct functional and morphological changes in the prostate. Prostatic tissue from ischemic animals showed an increased contractile response to electrical and pharmacological stimulation, an increase in SMA, and an increased deposition of collagen. All these changes could be prevented by treatment with the PDE5 inhibitor, tadalafil, suggesting an involvement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Prostate 75:233–241, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. The Prostate Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergistic co‐targeting of prostate‐specific membrane antigen and androgen receptor in prostate cancer
Authors: Murga Jose D. , Moorji Sameer M. , Han Amy Q. , Magargal Wells W. , DiPippo Vincent A. , Olson William C. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of cancer therapies that have demonstrated favorable activity both as single agents and as components of combination regimens. Phase 2 testing of an ADC targeting prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in advanced prostate cancer has shown antitumor activity. The present study examined PSMA ADC used in combination with potent antiandrogens (enzalutamide and abiraterone) and other compounds.METHODSAntiproliferative activity and expression of PSMA, prostate‐specific antigen and androgen receptor were evaluated in the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4‐2. Cells were tested for susceptibility to antiandrogens or other inhibitors, used alone and in combination with PSMA ADC. Potential drug synergy or antagonism was evaluated using the Bliss independence method.RESULTSEnzalutamide and abiraterone demonstrated robust, statistically significant synergy when combined with PSMA ADC. Largely additive activity was observed between the antiandrogens and the individual components of the ADC (free drug and unmodified antibody). Rapamycin also synergized with PSMA ADC in certain settings. Synergy was linked in part to upregulation of PSMA expression. In androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells, enzalutamide and abiraterone each inhibited proliferation, upregulated PSMA expression, and synergized with PSMA ADC. In androgen‐independent C4‐2 cells, enzalutamide and abiraterone showed no measurable antiproliferative activity on their own but increased PSMA expression and synergized with PSMA ADC nonetheless. PSMA expression increased progressively over 3 weeks with enzalutamide and returned to baseline levels 1 week after enzalutamide removal.CONCLUSIONSThe findings support exploration of clinical treatment regimens that combine potent antiandrogens and PSMA‐targeted therapies for prostate cancer. Prostate 75:242–254, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing effective fumigation protocols to manage strongly phosphine‐resistant Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Nayak Manoj K 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emergence of high levels of resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in recent years threatens the sustainability of phosphine, a key fumigant used worldwide to disinfest stored grain. We aimed at developing robust fumigation protocols that could be used in a range of practical situations to control this resistant pest.RESULTSValues of the lethal time to kill 99.9% (LT99.9, in days) of mixed‐age populations, containing all life stages, of a susceptible and a strongly resistant C. ferrugineus population were established at three phosphine concentrations (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg L−1) and three temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that phosphine concentration and temperature both contributed significantly to the LT99.9 of a population (P < 0.003, R2 = 0.92), with concentration being the dominant variable, accounting for 75.9% of the variation. Across all concentrations, LT99.9 of the strongly resistant C. ferrugineus population was longest at the lowest temperature and shortest at the highest temperature. For example, 1.0 mg L−1 of phosphine is required for 20, 15 and 15 days, 1.5 mg L−1 for 12, 11 and 9 days and 2.0 mg L−1 for 10, 7 and 6 days at 25, 30 and 35 °C, respectively, to achieve 99.9% mortality of the strongly resistant C. ferrugineus population. We also observed that phosphine concentration is inversely proportional to fumigation period in regard to the population extinction of this pest.CONCLUSIONThe fumigation protocols developed in this study will be used in recommending changes to the currently registered rates of phosphine in Australia towards management of strongly resistant C. ferrugineus populations, and can be repeated in any country where this type of resistance appears. © 2014 Commonwealth of Australia. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with fluorous derivatization method for selective analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides
Authors: Sakaguchi Yohei , Hayama Tadashi , Yoshida Hideyuki , Itoyama Miki , Todoroki Kenichiro , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Nohta Hitoshi 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEA separation‐oriented derivatization method using a specific fluorous affinity between perfluoroalkyl‐containing compounds was applied to selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides. The perfluoroalkyl‐labeled sialyl oligosaccharides could be selectively retained on an LC column with the perfluoroalkyl‐modified stationary phase and effectively distinguished from non‐derivatized species.METHODSSialyl oligosaccharides (3′‐sialyllactose, 6′‐sialyllactose, sialyllacto‐N‐tetraose a, sialyllacto‐N‐tetraose b, sialyllacto‐N‐tetraose c, and disialyllacto‐N‐tetraose) were derivatized with 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11‐heptadecafluoroundecylamine via amidation in the presence of 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride (condensation reagent). The obtained derivatives were directly injected onto the fluorous LC column without any pretreatments and then detected by positive electrospray ionization MS/MS.RESULTSThe method enabled accurate determination of the sialyl oligosaccharides in biological samples such as human urine and human milk, because there was no interference with matrix‐induced effects during LC/MS/MS analysis. The limits of detection of the examined sialyl oligosaccharides, defined as signal‐to‐noise (S/N) = 3, were in the range 0.033–0.13 nM. Accuracy in the range 95.6–108% was achieved, and the precision (relative standard deviation) was within 9.4%.CONCLUSIONSThis method enabled highly selective and sensitive analysis of sialyl oligosaccharides, enabling accurate measurement of even their trace amounts in biological matrices. The proposed method may prove to be a powerful tool for the analysis of various sialyl oligosaccharides. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembly and intra‐cluster reactions of erbium and ytterbium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinates in the gas phase
Authors: Indelicato Serena , Bongiorno David , Turco Liveri Vincenzo , Mele Andrea , Panzeri Walter , Castiglione Francesca , Ceraulo Leopoldo 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEThe study of surfactant organization in vacuum allows surfactant–surfactant interaction to be unveiled in the absence of surrounding solvent molecules. Knowledge on their chemical‐physical properties may also lead to the definition of more efficient gas‐phase carriers, air‐cleaning agents and nanoreactors. In addition, the presence of lanthanide‐group ions adds unique photochemical properties to surfactants.METHODSThe structural features, stability and fragmentation patterns of charged aggregates formed by lanthanide‐functionalized surfactants, ytterbium and erbium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate ((AOT)3Yb and (AOT)3Er), have been investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) and energy‐resolved mass spectrometry (ER‐MS).RESULTSThe experimental data indicate that the self‐assembling of (AOT)3Yb and (AOT)3Er in the gas phase leads to the formation of a wide range of singly charged aggregates differing in their aggregation number, relative abundance and stability. In addition to specific effects on aggregate organization due to the presence of lanthanide ions, ER‐MS experiments show rearrangements and in‐cage reactions activated by collision, eventually including alkyl chain intra‐cluster migration.CONCLUSIONSAnalysis of the experimental findings suggests that the observed chemical transformations occur within an organized supramolecular assembly rather than in a random association of components. The fragmentation pathways leading to the neutral loss of a fragment of nominal mass 534 Da, assigned as C28H54O7S, from some positively charged aggregates has been rationalized. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric analysis of rat cerebrospinal fluid proteins following exposure to the neurotoxicant carbonyl sulfide
Authors: Lardinois O. , Kirby P. J. , Morgan D. L. , Sills R. C. , Tomer K. B. , Deterding L. J. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEUsing a proteomic‐based approach we have investigated possible altered expression of a range of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) proteins following exposure to the neurotoxicant carbonyl sulfide (COS). CSF is ideal for the investigation of markers of brain injury or disease since it is secreted from several central nervous system structures and changes in the CSF composition may reflect brain insult and many pathological processes.METHODSAnimals were placed in exposure chambers and were exposed to 0 ppm or 500 ppm COS for 1, 2 or 3 days, 6 h per day. After the last inhalation exposure, 50–70 μL CSF sample was obtained by lumbar puncture. CSF samples were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) on either a Premier quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) or an Agilent 6340 ion trap and by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS on a 4800 MALDI‐TOF/TOF analyzer.RESULTSThe dynamic range of abundance of the identified proteins spanned over more than three orders of magnitude. The four most abundant proteins identified (albumin, cystatin C, serotransferrin, transthyretin) are major proteins that are present in both CSF and blood at high levels but the fifth most abundant protein identified (prostaglandin H2D isomerase) is the second most abundant protein in human CSF and is secreted and synthesized in the rat central nervous system. No significant differences were observed between COS‐treated CSF samples and the control CSF samples because of blood contamination.CONCLUSIONSQuantitative MS protein analyses of rat CSF is limited by the low sample volumes that can practicably be obtained from rats and the low protein concentrations in rat CSF. Results of this work suggest a clear need for CSF collection that would minimize blood contamination. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.