bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The policy of free healthcare for children under the age of 6 years in Vietnam: assessment of the uptake for children hospitalised with acute diarrhoea in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Shieh Mae , Thompson Corinne , Phan Vu Tra My , Thi Thuy Linh Van , Tediosi Fabrizio , Merson Laura , Farrar Jeremy J. , Manh Tuan Ha , Lu Viet Ho , Thi Ngoc Tuyet Pham , Baker Stephen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the proportion of, and reasons for, households not utilising the policy of free healthcare for children under 6 years of age (FCCU6) for hospitalisation with diarrhoea, and assess the risk of catastrophic expenditure for households that forgo FCCU6 and pay out of pocket.MethodsInvoices detailing insurance information and charges incurred from 472 hospitalised diarrhoeal cases in one paediatric hospital in Ho Chi Minh City were retrieved. Hospital charges and the utilisation of elective services were analysed for patients utilising and not utilising FCCU6. Associations between socio‐economic factors with non‐utilisation of FCCU6 were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 29% of patients were FCCU6 non‐users. The FCCU6 non‐users paid a median hospital charge of $29.13 (interquartile range, IQR: $18.57–46.24), consuming no more than 1.4% of a medium‐income household's annual income. Seventy per cent of low‐income FCCU6 non‐users utilised less‐expensive elective services, whereas only 43% of medium income patients and 21% of high‐income patients did (P = 0.036). Patients from larger households and those with a parent working in government were more likely to use FCCU6.ConclusionsThe rate of FCCU6 non‐usage in this study population was 29%. A significant proportion of those that did not use FCCU6 was from lower income households and may perceive a justifiable cost–benefit ratio when forgoing FCCU6. Although a single diarrhoeal hospitalisation is unlikely to induce a catastrophic expenditure, FCCU6 non‐usage may disproportionately increase the risk of catastrophic expenditure for lower income households over multiple illnesses.
Use of biometric, hematologic, and plasma biochemical variables, and histopathology to assess the chronic effects of the herbicide prometryn on Common Carp
Authors: Velisek J. , Stara A. , Zuskova E. , Svobodova Z. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundEffects of acute and subchronic exposure of fish to s‐triazine herbicides have been well documented, but data on the effects of prometryn on blood analytes in carp at environmentally realistic concentrations are lacking.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine whether biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology could serve as bioindicators in fish living in waters polluted by triazine.MethodsFish were exposed to prometryn at concentrations of 0.51 (reported concentration in Czech rivers), 8.0, and 80 μg/L for 14, 30, and 60 days. Prior to and during this period, biometrics, blood analytes, and histopathology were evaluated.ResultsAfter 60 days' exposure to 8.0 and 80 μg/L of prometryn, spleen weights (P < .05) and lactate (P < .01) levels were significantly lower, and concentrations of HGB (P < .01) and MHC (P < .01) and MCHC (P < .01) were higher, relative to controls. After 30 and 60 days' exposure to 0.51, 8.0, and 80 μg/L of prometryn, AST activity, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphate levels were lower (P < .01), while creatinine concentration and ALT activity were higher (P < .01) than in controls. Glucose was higher after exposure to 80 μg/L after 30 and 60 days, and after 60 days' exposure to 8.0 μg/L. Renal histology revealed severe hyaline degeneration of the epithelial cells of caudal kidney tubules in fish at all exposure levels.ConclusionsThis study shows effects in fish blood at a concentration of 0.51 μg/L of prometryn, a significant finding in view of prometryn reaching a maximum of 4.4 μg/L or less in European rivers. Select blood analytes, such as creatinine, and histologic changes in caudal kidney are potential biomarkers for monitoring residual triazine pesticides in Common Carp.
Genome Sequences of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Variant Strains Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources
Authors: Laksanalamai Pongpan , Steyert Susan R. , Burall Laurel S. , Datta Atin R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
strains that show a novel PCR serotyping profile (IVb-v1) have been reported recently. Here, we announce the draft genome sequences of five
L. monocytogenes
IVb-v1 strains isolated from the United States and Australia that harbor a 6.3-kb DNA cassette characteristic of serotype 1/2a strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacterium Brevundimonas abyssalis TAR-001
T
Authors: Tsubouchi Taishi , Nishi Shinro , Usui Keiko , Shimane Yasuhiro , Takaki Yoshihiro , Maruyama Tadashi , Hatada Yuji 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

We report the 3.0-Mb draft genome sequence of
Brevundimonas abyssalis
strain TAR-001
T
, isolated from deep-sea floor sediment. The draft genome sequence of strain TAR-001
T
consists of 2,979,700 bp in 128 contigs, with a G+C content of 68.2%, 2,946 potential coding sequences (CDS), 3 rRNAs, and 41 tRNAs.
Genome Sequence Analysis of Staphylococcus equorum Bovine Mastitis Isolate UMC-CNS-924
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Foecking Mark F. , Hsieh Hsin-Yeh , Perry Jeanette , Stewart George C. , Middleton John R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Intramammary infections in dairy cattle are frequently caused by staphylococci, resulting in mastitis and associated economic losses. A draft genome sequence was determined for
Staphylococcus equorum
UMC-CNS-924, isolated from the milk of a Holstein cow, to better understand the genetic basis of its pathogenesis and adaptation to the bovine mammary gland.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Hydrogen- and Ethanol-Producing Bacterium Clostridium intestinale Strain URNW
Authors: Lal Sadhana , Ramachandran Umesh , Zhang Xiangli , Sparling Richard , Levin David B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Clostridium intestinale
strain URNW, which can convert biomass to useful products such as biofuels (hydrogen or ethanol) and other soluble end products.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida subsp.
multocida
Strain PMTB, Isolated from a Buffalo
Authors: Yap Huan Yong , Ghazali Kamal , Wan Mohamad Nazarie Wan Fahmi , Mat Isa Mohd Noor , Zakaria Zunita , Omar Abdul Rahman 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida
serotypes B:2 and E:2 are the main causative agents of ruminant hemorrhagic septicemia in Asia and Africa, respectively.
Pasteurella multocida
strain PMTB was isolated from a buffalo with hemorrhagic septicemia and has been determined to be serotype B:2. Here we report the draft genome sequence of strain PMTB.
Guidelines in Emergency Medicine Network (GEMNet): guideline for the use of thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory trauma patients requiring temporary limb immobilisation
Authors: Roberts Catherine , Horner Daniel , Coleman Grant , Maitland Laura , Curl-Roper Thomas , Smith Rachel , Wood Ellena , Mackway-Jones Kevin 
Published: October 2013

▸ The Guidelines in Emergency Medicine Network (GEMNet) has been created to promote best medical practice in a range of conditions presenting to emergency departments (EDs) in the UK.▸ This guideline presents a summary of the best available evidence to guide the use of thromboprophylaxis in adult ambulatory outpatients who present to the ED following acute limb trauma and require temporary immobilisation.▸ The document has been developed following discussion among emergency physicians and collegiate fellows to decide which topics would benefit from the development of clinical guidelines.▸ The document is intended as a guideline for use in the ED by emergency physicians and is based on the review of the best existing evidence for treatments used in this setting.▸ The document is summarised as a Clinical Decision Support Guideline that has been presented as an easy to follow algorithm.▸ The intention is for each guideline to be updated and reviewed as further evidence becomes available. The formal revision date has been set at 5 years from publication, though the guideline is subject to continuous informal review.
The PALB2 Gene Is a Strong Candidate for Clinical Testing in BRCA1- and BRCA2-Negative Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Janatova Marketa , Kleibl Zdenek , Stribrna Jana , Panczak Ales , Vesela Kamila , Zimovjanova Martina , Kleiblova Petra , Dundr Pavel , Soukupova Jana , Pohlreich Petr 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: Several reports indicate that inherited mutations in the PALB2 gene predispose to breast cancer. However, there is little agreement about the clinical relevance and usefulness of mutation screening in this gene. We analyzed the prevalence and spectrum of germline mutations in PALB2 to estimate their contribution to hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer in the Czech Republic.
Methods: The entire PALB2 coding region was sequenced in 409 breast/ovarian cancer patients negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Testing for large genomic rearrangements (LGR) was performed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis.
Results: We have identified 13 different pathogenic alterations including 10 truncating mutations and three LGRs in 16 of 409 patients (3.9%), whereas one truncating mutation was found in a group of 1,226 controls (0.08%; P = 2.6 × 10−9). Three novel LGRs included deletions involving exons 7–8 and 9–10, respectively, and a duplication spanning exons 9–11. Five frameshift and two nonsense mutations were novel, whereas three truncating mutations were described previously. The only recurrent mutation was the c.172_175delTTGT detected in four unrelated breast cancer individuals.
Conclusions: Our analyses demonstrated the significant role of the PALB2 gene in breast cancer susceptibility. The highest frequency of PALB2 mutations (comparable with that previously reported for BRCA2) was found in a subgroup of patients with hereditary breast cancer (HBC) (13/235; 5.5%).
Impact: Our results show that mutation analysis of the PALB2 gene, including the analysis of LGRs, is primarily indicated in patients with HBC in case of their BRCA1 and BRCA2 negativity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2323–32. ©2013 AACR.
Role of IκB Kinase-β in the Growth-Promoting Effects of Angiotensin II In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Doyon Priscilla , van Zuylen Wendy J. , Servant Marc J. 
Published: October 2013

Objective—
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is implicated in processes underlying the development of arterial wall remodeling events, including cellular hypertrophy and inflammation. We previously documented the activation of IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) in Ang II–treated cells, a kinase involved in inflammatory reactions. In light of a study suggesting a role of IKKβ in angiogenesis through its effect on the tuberous sclerosis (TSC)1/2–mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in cancer cells, we hypothesized that targeting IKKβ could reduce arterial remodeling events by affecting both the inflammatory and the growth-promoting response of Ang II.

Approach and Results—

Treatment of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with Ang II induced the rapid and sustained phosphorylation of TSC1 on Ser511, which paralleled the activation of effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. Furthermore, we show that Ser511 of TSC1 acted as a phosphoacceptor site for Ang II–activated IKKβ. Consistent with this, the use of different short hairpin RNA constructs targeting IKKβ reduced Ang II–induced TSC1, S6 kinase, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 phosphorylation and the rate of protein synthesis. Overexpression of TSC1 lacking Ser511 in vascular smooth muscle cells also exerted detrimental effects on the hypertrophic effect of Ang II. Furthermore, the selective IKKβ inhibitor
N
-(6-chloro-7-methoxy-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-2 methylnicotinamide reduced the inflammatory response and dose-dependently diminished Ang II–induced TSC1 phosphorylation and effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro and in rat arteries in vivo.

Conclusions—
Our findings provide new insights into the molecular understanding of the pathological role of Ang II and assist in identifying the beneficial effects of IKKβ inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Prenatal Diagnosis, Birth Location, Surgical Center, and Neonatal Mortality in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Morris Shaine A. , Ethen Mary K. , Penny Daniel J. , Canfield Mark A. , Minard Charles G. , Fixler David E. , Nembhard Wendy N. 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Most studies have not demonstrated improved survival after prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). However, the effect of delivery near a cardiac surgical center (CSC), the recommended action after prenatal diagnosis, on HLHS mortality has been poorly investigated.

Methods and Results—

Using Texas Birth Defects Registry data, 1999 through 2007, which monitored >3.4 million births, we investigated the association between distance (calculated driving time) from birth center to CSC and neonatal mortality in 463 infants with HLHS. Infants with extracardiac birth defects or genetic disorders were excluded. The associations between prenatal diagnosis, CSC HLHS volume, and mortality were also examined. Neonatal mortality in infants born <10 minutes from a CSC was 21.0%, 10 to 90 minutes 25.2%, and >90 minutes 39.6% (
P
for trend <0.001). Prenatal diagnosis alone was not associated with improved survival (
P
=0.14). In multivariable analysis, birth >90 minutes from a CSC remained associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–3.45), compared with <10 minutes. In subanalysis, birth >90 minutes from a CSC was associated with higher pretransport mortality (odds ratio, 6.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.52–17.74) and birth 10 to 90 minutes with higher presurgical mortality (odds ratio, 4.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–17.00). Higher surgical mortality was associated with lower CSC HLHS volume (odds ratio per 10 patients, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.91).

Conclusions—
Infants with HLHS born far from a CSC have increased neonatal mortality, and most of this mortality is presurgical. Efforts to improve prenatal diagnosis of HLHS and subsequent delivery near a large volume CSC may significantly improve neonatal HLHS survival.
N2 Neutrophils, Novel Players in Brain Inflammation After Stroke
Authors: Cuartero María Isabel , Ballesteros Iván , Moraga Ana , Nombela Florentino , Vivancos José , Hamilton John A. , Corbí Ángel L. , Lizasoain Ignacio , Moro María A. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Neutrophils have been traditionally recognized as major mediators of a deleterious inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke, but their potential as a therapeutic target remains unexplored. Recent evidence indicates that neutrophils may acquire different phenotypes and contribute to resolution of inflammation through the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Thus, similar to M2 macrophages, neutrophils have been proposed to shift toward an N2 phenotype, a polarization that is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ dependent in macrophages. We hypothesize that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation with rosiglitazone induces changes in neutrophilic mobilization and phenotype that might influence stroke outcome.

Methods—
Brain sections and cell suspensions were prepared from mice exposed to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Double immunostaining with stereological counting of brain sections and flow-cytometry analysis of brain cell suspensions were performed.

Results—
Rosiglitazone accelerated neutrophil infiltration to the ischemic core, concomitantly to neuroprotection. Some neutrophils (≈31%) expressed M2 markers, namely Ym1 and CD206 (mannose receptor). After treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist rosiglitazone, most neutrophils (≈77%) acquired an N2 phenotype. Interestingly, rosiglitazone increased neutrophil engulfment by microglia/macrophages, a clearance that preferentially affected the N2 subset.

Conclusions—
We present the first evidence of neutrophil reprogramming toward an N2 phenotype in brain inflammation, which can be modulated by activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ nuclear receptor. We also show that N2 polarization is associated with an increased neutrophil clearance, thus suggesting that this switch is a crucial event for resolution of inflammation that may participate in neuroprotection.
Intracranial Stent Placement for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis as Part of a Clinical Trial Versus Outside a Clinical Trial
Authors: Siddiq Farhan , Adil Malik M. , Norby Kiersten , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
A high rate of postprocedure complications in the Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Therapy for Intracranial Arterial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial has raised concerns whether such results are representative of intracranial stent placement in actual routine practice.

Methods—
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2010, patients with cerebral ischemic events treated with intracranial stent as part of a clinical trial or outside the trial were identified. The composite end point (postoperative stroke, cardiac complications, and mortality) was reported.

Results—

Of the 3447 patients who underwent intracranial stent placement, 223 patients (6.5%) were enrolled in a clinical trial. The rate of composite end point was higher in patients treated outside clinical trials compared with those treated within clinical trials (14.2% versus 4.5%;
P
=0.1). The proportion of patients discharged to home was higher in those treated in clinical trials (76.8% versus 49.6%;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
Intracranial stent placement procedures outside a clinical trial have higher rates of postoperative stroke, cardiac complication, and mortality.
Does the Influence of Stroke on Dementia Vary by Different Levels of Prestroke Cognitive Functioning?
Authors: Dregan Alex , Wolfe Charles D.A. , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
The association between stroke and subsequent dementia or Alzheimer disease is well established. What is less understood is the extent to which this association is dependent on prestroke cognitive functioning. The study estimated the occurrence in poststroke dementia as a function of prestroke cognitive status and incident stroke.

Methods—
Study data were derived from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a 10-year long prospective cohort study of older adults living in England. Baseline data (2002/2003) were used to group participants into tertiles of cognitive, memory, and executive functioning before an incident stroke. Data from 4 follow-up surveys were used to identify new stroke and poststroke dementia events.

Results—

The analyses were based on 10 809 participants aged ≥50 years at baseline. High prestroke executive functioning was associated with lower relative risk (RR) of dementia (RR, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.45;
P
<0.001). Stroke was associated with increased RR of poststroke dementia (RR, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.80–3.84;
P
<0.001). The association of stroke with poststroke dementia was greater for participants with higher prestroke executive functioning (interaction term RR, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–14.63;
P
=0.014). For participants with higher executive functioning, the probability of dementia was 0.3% without stroke and 3.1% after stroke, compared with 1.9% and 5.2% for lower executive functioning.

Conclusions—
Stroke and prestroke cognition were independently associated with increased probability of poststroke dementia. Stroke results in disproportionate increase in the risk of dementia when premorbid cognitive functioning is high.
The embryonic development of the snapping shrimp, Alpheus angulosus McClure, 2002 (Decapoda, Caridea)
Authors: Tracey E. , Pereira A. , Hughes M. , Korey C. A. 
Published: October 2013

Alpheus angulosus McClure, 2002 is one of several species of snapping shrimp that live along the east coast of the United States and belong to the edwardsii group of Alpheus. The genus Alpheus presents with bilateral asymmetry in their chelipeds, specifically a large snapper and a smaller pincer. This is an extreme example of the asymmetry found in many other crustaceans. A significant amount of work has been done on the adult behavior, physiology, and transformation/regeneration of the two claws, but less is known about the early development of the nervous system that underlies this asymmetry. The work reported here begins to establish an atlas of embryonic development in this species staged by using both eye index and percent development connected to yolk depletion during embryogenesis. This represents the first step toward a more comprehensive understanding of embryonic development that can be used to address future neuro-developmental questions regarding limb asymmetry and plasticity.
The effect of the bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) (Isopoda, Bopyridae) on the survival time of the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) during starvation at two different temperatures
Authors: Sherman M. B. , Curran M. C. 
Published: October 2013

The daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 is prevalent in estuaries along the East and Gulf coasts of the United States, and is an integral part of the estuarine food web. Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) is a bopyrid isopod that parasitizes P. pugio and decreases the energy available to its host by feeding on the hemolymph of the shrimp. The parasite also causes female shrimp to be castrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Probopyrus pandalicola on the survival time of P. pugio during starvation at two different temperatures. The experiment was conducted between September 2009 and June 2012 at 20.0 ± 0.11°C and 25.0 ± 0.10°C. Three trials at each temperature were performed. For each trial, parasitized, deparasitized and unparasitized shrimp were randomly placed into individual aquaria in a temperature-controlled chamber. All trials lasted until 100% shrimp mortality occurred. The bopyrid isopod did have a significant effect on shrimp survival times, but only at the higher temperature during which parasitized shrimp survived a significantly shorter amount of time (21.8 ± 6.93 days) than unparasitized shrimp (25.2 ± 8.25 days). In contrast, the bopyrid did not have a significant effect on shrimp survival times at the lower temperature, with shrimp surviving an average of 26.9-27.5 days. The results of this study have implications related to potential climate change, specifically higher temperatures, as we found that a small increase in temperature significantly affected the response of P. pugio to the isopod parasite. This supports prior research on other host-parasite interactions that are affected by increased temperature.