bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What can we learn from nested IoT low‐cost sensor networks for air quality? A case study of PM2.5 in Birmingham, UK
Authors: Cowell Nicole , Baldo Clarissa , Chapman Lee , Bloss William , Zhong Jian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLow‐cost sensing and the Internet of Things (IoT), present new possibilities for unconventional monitoring of environmental parameters. This paper describes a series of intersecting networks of particulate matter sensors that were deployed across the Birmingham conurbation for a 12‐month period. The networks consisted of a combination of commercially available sensors and University developed sensors. Data from these networks were assimilated with data from a third‐party Zephyr deployment, along with the DEFRA AURN network, which was hosted on an open‐source online platform. This nesting of sensor networks allowed for new insights into sensor performance, including the accuracy of a large network to detect regional concentrations and the number of sensors needed for effective monitoring beyond indicative measurements. After comprehensive data validation steps, the sensors were shown to perform well during co‐location with reference instrumentation (exhibiting slopes of 0.74–1.3). The sensors demonstrated good capability of detecting temporal patterns of regional PM2.5 with the mean of the entire sensor network recording an annual mean PM2.5 concentration within 0.2 μgm−3 of the regulatory network annual mean observation. Network‐derived statistics for estimating urban background concentrations compared to a reference site increase in‐line with the number of sensors available, however when assessing this for near‐source concentrations the importance of sensor location rather than the number of sensors is highlighted. Overall, the network provided novel insights into local concentrations, detecting similar hotspots to those identified by a high‐resolution model. The increased spatial coverage afforded by the sensor network has the potential to support higher resolution evaluation of models and provide unprecedented spatial evidence for air pollution management interventions.
Ecophysiological responses of native and introduced coastal tree species parasitized by Cassytha filiformis in Brunei
Authors: Rosli Roshanizah , Tennakoon Kushan U. , Metali Faizah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHemiparasitic Cassytha filiformis commonly infects native host (Dillenia suffruticosa and Melastoma malabathricum) and introduced host (Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium) species in threatened heath forests in Brunei. This study aims to investigate the impact of parasitism on the ecophysiology of these host species. This study addresses the research gap in understanding the ecophysiology of C. filiformis–host associations, particularly when native and introduced hosts were infected. We generated CO2 and light response curves to examine the effects of increasing CO2 and light levels of infected and uninfected hosts and examined gaseous exchange, mineral nutrients, and secondary bioactive compounds of host–parasite associations. Infected hosts were negatively impacted by C. filiformis as exhibited in the CO2 and light response curves, with C. filiformis–native host association performing better than introduced species. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between infected and uninfected hosts, except in D. suffruticosa. Certain nutrient contents showed significant differences, but total N, Ca, and K in uninfected hosts were similar to infected hosts. Total phenols and tannins were significantly higher in introduced hosts than native hosts. Our findings asserted that this hemiparasitic vine relies on both its photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient acquisition from its hosts. The parasitism did not significantly hinder the ecophysiological performance of infected hosts, suggesting a plausible co‐existence between the hosts and C. filiformis. This study provides essential ecophysiological information for future research on how C. filiformis can establish itself without negatively impacting the co‐habitating native hosts.
Influence of CMC, HPMC, and CNF on Performance of Corrugated Base Paper
Authors: Gao Lihong , Zhao Xinpeng , Zhou Qingbo , Li Huaying , Yu Haibin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of three distinct additives, namely carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF), on the performance enhancement of corrugated base paper. For this purpose, steam‐exploded rice straw was treated with varying concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) of CMC, HPMC and CNF. Analysis of the rice straw pre and post expansion, as well as the modified corrugated base paper, was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), tensile performance testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that adding CMC, CNF, and HPMC to corrugated base paper significantly improved bonding between paper layers, particularly at 2 %, 6 %, and 8 % concentrations, respectively. This enhancement notably increased tensile strength and elastic modulus of the corrugated base paper. Tensile performance saw increases of 57.76 %, 59.01 %, and 60.25 %, while elastic modulus showed increments of 52.7 %, 9.4 %, and 136.69 %, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the preparation of corrugated base paper and highlight the potential of CMC, HPMC, and CNF in enhancing paper mechanical properties.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Studies of New 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives Linked to Benzoquinoline
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , El‐Sawy Eslam R. , Zidan T. A. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , Emam Dalia R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA series of some new 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized. Hydrazide derivative 4 was reacted with some sugar aldehydes to give the corresponding sugar hydrazones 5 a–c. Acetylation of 5 a–c with acetic anhydride in pyridine, managed the per‐O‐acetyl derivatives 6 a–c while refluxing in acetic anhydride gave the corresponding 1,3,4‐oxadiazolines 7 a–c. On the other hand, 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles 8 a,b, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 15 were synthesized via the reaction of 4 with different reagents including p‐chlorobenzoic acid, nicotinic acid, methyl iodide, morpholine, phenyl isothiocyanate, potassium iodide, chloroacetyl chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride, respectively. The new compounds were assessed for their anticancer and antioxidant activities. Compounds 8 a,b, 10, and 12–15 displayed the most antioxidant activity. In addition, compounds 8 a, 8 b, and 13 showed strong cytotoxic activity.
Simultaneous Removal of NOx and SO2 from Smelting Flue Gas Using Thermally Modified Copper Slag: Factor Optimization via Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Xueqi , Li Kai , Wang Fei , Shi Lei , Bao Shuangyou , Bao Jiacheng , Sun Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the experimental factors influencing the simultaneous removal of NOx and SO2 in a spray tower wet scrubbing experiment. Thermally modified copper slag (CS‐CaO‐900) was prepared by heat treating the original copper slag. The performance of CS‐CaO‐900 in the synchronized removal of NOx and SO2 was then evaluated in an expanded experimental setup. Based on single‐factor experimental results, the Box‐Behnken design of RSM was used to optimize the reaction parameters in a two‐stage sequential reactor (bubbling reactor + spray tower). NOx removal efficiency was modeled as a function of reaction temperature, pH, and H2O2 concentration. Regression curves provided a visual representation of the interaction effects among these parameters on NOx removal efficiency in the thermally modified copper slag/H2O2 composite slurry. This study elucidates the characteristics of each parameter under wet scrubbing conditions and provides essential data for industrial applications.
Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading: Transforming 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural into 2,5‐Furan Dicarboxylic Acid for Fine Chemicals, Featuring Mil‐100(Fe) Mof as a Novel Catalyst
Authors: Manyepedza Thapelo , Makuve Nyasha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review underscores the potential of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), exemplified by MIL‐100(Fe), as catalysts in the conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural to 2,5‐Furan Dicarboxylic Acid, which is crucial in bioplastics and value‐added chemical production. MOFs exhibit advantages, including recyclability, stability, and catalytic potential under mild conditions. Despite promising results, MOFs in this application are underexplored compared to traditional metal catalysts. Noble metal catalysts (Au, Pt, and Pd) face challenges such as cost and limited recyclability. Mechanistic studies favor the DFF route, highlighting the oxidation of HMF's hydroxyl group as predominant. Molecular oxygen proves effective for HMF to FDCA transformation, with gold‐based catalysts noted for selectivity. Ongoing industrial efforts by companies like Avantium indicate a shift towards sustainable alternatives. This review highlights research gaps concerning the necessity for custom Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) catalysts in the transformation of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The study recommends, among other things, 1) the adoption of base‐free conversion systems, 2) a focus on large‐scale FDCA manufacturing, prioritizing environmental sustainability despite prevailing cost challenges, and 3) fostering multidisciplinary collaboration. Utilizing advanced engineering software, such as ASPEN HYSYS, is proposed for optimizing these processes and paving the way for the successful industrialization of FDCA in the future.
Direct C−H Alkylation of Naphthoquinone with Acetone and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds via Radical Cross Dehydrogenation Coupling
Authors: Ou Jiankang , Liu Haoyu , Fang Zeguo , Zhang Qian , Li Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA direct C−H alkylation of naphthoquinones with acetone and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds was developed to construct C−C bonds of alkyl‐substituted naphthoquinone derivatives. It proceeded through an oxidative radical cross dehydrogenation coupling process under simple and mild conditions. This method provides a facile and efficient route for synthesis of functionalized naphthoquinones from readily available feedstocks.
The controllable of BODIPY dimers without installing blocking groups as both fluorescence and singlet oxygen generators
Authors: Cao Jianfang , Zhang Tianci , Chen Xinyu , Ma Xue , Fan Jiangli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe compared a range of BODIPY dimer derivatives without installing blocking groups by optimizing geometry structures and analyzing energies, frontier molecular orbitals, Chole&Cele map, electron density difference, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) matrix and decay rate constants from excited states. The dihedral angles of the β‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer and the α‐α‐linked BODIPY dimer tend to flatten in the T1 state, which is detrimental to the occurrence of the intersystem crossing (ISC). Conversely, the dihedral angle of the meso‐β‐linked BODIPY dimer, the meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY dimer and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer is within the range of 125°–143° in the T1 state, facilitating ISC and the generation of singlet oxygen. Notably, the transition from S1 to S0 involving lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to highest occupied molecular orbital with long‐wavelength emission and moderate oscillator strength underpins the remarkable long emission peaks observed experimentally for α‐γ‐linked BODIPY dimer. Moreover, the apparent SOC matrix enhances the ISC process, resulting in a respectable efficiency in generating singlet oxygen for this dimer. In meso‐β‐linked BODIPY, meso‐meso‐linked BODIPY, and α‐γ‐linked BODIPY, the S1→T1 process is characterized by a significant charge transfer, specifically transitioning from the 1CT state to the 3LE state, indicative of a spin‐orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT‐ISC) mechanism. The ability to regulate the photosensitivity of BODIPY dimers by adjusting the dihedral angle between the two units in the T1 state unveils new avenues for designing high‐performance photosensitizers for both therapeutic and imaging applications.
Reliability design for bearing capacity of steel plate strengthened RC beams based on the improved design value method
Authors: Tong Yuting , Yao Jitao , Zhang Luyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe partial factor method is widely employed as a design approach for structural reliability and serves as a crucial foundation for structural design codes. However, in practical applications, this method has gradually revealed shortcomings, such as issues with generality and insufficient precision in reliability control. In this article, an improved design value method for the bearing capacity design of steel plate strengthened RC beams was established. Additionally, considering the impact of the live‐to‐dead load effect ratio on the partial safety factor of resistance, a simplified expression for the ultimate limit state design of bearing capacity was proposed. The results show that the reliability index calculated using the partial factor method for the bearing capacity of steel plate strengthened RC beams has a significantly larger relative error. In contrast, the reliability indexes calculated based on the improved design value method are all greater than the target reliability index, ensuring the requirements of reliability design and providing a higher degree of precision in reliability control.
Kusturizatsia and Dolya: Business-makingscapes and Interethnic Patronage Networks in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Ismailbekova Aksana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this article, I investigate the multifaceted landscape of Kyrgyzstan’s business environment, exploring the strategies, ethics, and morality employed by businessmen in both the Kyrgyz and Uzbek communities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of Kyrgyzstan’s precarious political situation, drawing from extensive long-term research conducted in the region. But, in response to a weak rule of law and the forces of capitalism, new forms of informal practices emerged in Kyrgyzstan, given the country’s own unique circumstances. Kusturizatsia, literally translates as ‘vomiting’. Under this practice, corrupt individuals can repay a fraction of stolen proceeds to the state and then go about their business. The question remains, who knows where the money goes?
Women and Bazaars: Gendering Entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan
Authors: Yusupova Binazirbonu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the developmentalist prediction that with growth bazaars will give way to modern firm-type marketplaces (Geertz in JAMA 68:28–32, 1978), bazaars continue to thrive and play an important role in the lives of Central Asian people. Sites of both rent extraction and economic survival, bazaars comprise around 90% of the retail sector in Uzbekistan (Otajonova in Itogi: kak pomenyalsya riteyl i chto s nim budet v 2022 godu. [Results: how retail has changed and what will happen to it in 2022]. Spot.uz. 2021). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, bazaars emerged as crucial sources of employment, particularly amongst women facing limited economic opportunities in the post-Soviet era. The shift from a planned to a market economy, coupled with weakened legal frameworks and a frayed welfare system, drove women into bazaar trade. Whilst some regarded this shift as a tradition revived, others viewed it as a transgression of gender norms.Whilst prior research on post-Soviet bazaars primarily focused on their institutional roles and functions, recent scholarship has shifted towards exploring the lived experiences of bazaar dwellers. Unfortunately, women’s voices often remain marginalised in these accounts. Drawing upon Scott’s concept of infrapolitics and Kandiyoti’s patriarchal bargain, I delve into the lived experiences of women traders in bazaars, showcasing the ways in which they challenge, renegotiate, and reconstruct prevailing patriarchal norms and gender roles. The bazaar, I argue, serves as a locus of gender norm contestation and norm building.
Introduction: Documenting Vietnam over the Long Twentieth Century—Becoming Modern, Going Global
Authors: Kelley Liam C. , Sasges Gerard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter places the chapters in this volume in the context of the evolution of scholarship from Area Studies to Global Studies,and the accompanying transition from a nation-focused and language-based approach to a transnational perspective that leverages Western-language sources. Combining the best of both approaches, the authors in this volume emphasize the importance of language-based research while still remaining attentive to the global dimensions of the Vietnamese past.
Another Kind of Vietnamization: Language Policies in Higher Education in the Two Vietnams
Authors: Le Hieu Nam Trung 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe reform and expansion of higher education was a priority for both of Vietnam’s postcolonial regimes, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) in the nation’s north and the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) in the south. “Vietnamization,” or the adoption of Vietnamese as the language of instruction, was seen as a central part of that reform. However, the two regimes pursued Vietnamization by different means and on different timelines. This chapter argues that the history of the Vietnamization of higher education reflects the different political systems of the two regimes. In the DRV, Vietnamization would be initiated by the central authorities and carried out by decree. By contrast, in the south Vietnamization was shaped by the efforts of individual educators and linguists, associations, and student participation. Exploring the process of Vietnamization thus sheds light on a crucial aspect of the process of decolonization and highlights the divergent paths to independence taken by the two Vietnams after 1945.
Not so Honest Relations: Top-Level Polish-Vietnamese Contacts 1965–1970
Authors: Słowiak Jarema 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAt the beginning of May 1970, the First Secretary of the Vietnamese Workers’ Party, Lê Duẩn, met in Warsaw with his Polish counterpart, Władysław Gomułka. During the meeting, numerous topics were discussed, including the American invasion of Cambodia, which had begun only a few days earlier. The meeting did not take place in a vacuum; it had been preceded by several visits to Warsaw by Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Lê Thanh Nghị and was chiefly centered on Polish support for embattled North Vietnam. Gomułka’s meeting with Lê Duẩn and previous visits by Lê Thanh Nghị serve as an interesting case study that reveals the dynamics between smaller communist states, hidden from the outside world. While they showed outward unity and mutual support, there was a much more complex, and sometimes tense, relationship.
New Voices in a New World—Media Portrayal of the Experiences of German Reunification in 1990 by Vietnamese Contract Workers in East Germany
Authors: Behrens Julia L. , Okunew Nikolai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper uses media reports to explore how Vietnamese migrant workers in East Germany experienced German reunification. The article shines a spotlight on the kaleidoscopic meaning of this year, integrating the experiences of a neglected community into the historiography of 1990. By analyzing the radio program “Tiếng quê hương” (Voice of Home), a Vietnamese-language radio program, along with East German print media and TV reports, we show that displacement, citizenship, and democracy were topics of concern for Vietnamese labor migrants. For these workers, 1990 became a year of deep-rooted transformation characterized by insecurity and fear but also by agency. We furthermore show how reporting changed in 1990 as programs like Tiếng quê hương for the first time addressed issues of racial discrimination in East Germany.
Traumaassoziierte Gefäßverletzungen und deren gefäßchirurgische/interventionelle Rekonstruktionsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Barth U. , Piatek S. , Stojkova M. , Krause H. , Meyer F. , Halloul Z. 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der Diversität von Gefäßverletzungen in Bezug auf Gefäßsegmente bzw. Körperregionen, Unfallmechanismen und spezifische Patientenkonstellationen.

Methode
Es erfolgte eine repräsentative Fallsammlung(-serie).

Ergebnisse
Die Diagnostik von Gefäßverletzungen im Rahmen von Traumata und Frakturen beginnt mit einer gründlichen körperlichen Untersuchung. Zusätzlich sollten die von der Western Trauma Association präferierten harten und weichen Zeichen in die Entscheidung mit einbezogen werden. Die Ultraschall-Doppler-Untersuchung ist durch vergleichende Messungen das sicherste und schonendste nichtinvasive Untersuchungsverfahren beim Verdacht auf eine Gefäßverletzung. Die Stabilisierung einer Fraktur, ideal mittels Fixateur externe, sollte möglichst vor der Gefäßrekonstruktion erfolgen, es sei denn, dass massive Blutung, hypovolämischer Schock oder ein sich rasch ausbreitendes Hämatom eine sofortige Indikation zum Eingriff darstellen. Bei kindlichen suprakondylären Frakturen wird häufig eine Gefäßverletzung ohne relevante Ischämie beschrieben („pink pulseless hand“). Hier sollte zunächst die Reposition der Fraktur erfolgen, weil es häufig wieder zu einer Erholung des Pulses kommt. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Verfügbarkeit, der guten technischen Handhabung und der hohen technischen Erfolgsquote sowie des eher limitierten Interventionstraumas hat sich eine endovaskuläre Versorgung traumatisch bedingter Gefäßverletzungen weitgehend durchgesetzt. Traumatische Aortenrupturen sind mit einer hohen Mortalität bereits am Unfallort behaftet. Die schnelle endovaskuläre Versorgung mittels einer Stentprothese erhöht die Überlebenschancen des Verletzten deutlich.

Schlussfolgerung
Gefäßverletzungen im Zusammenhang mit Frakturen oder Mehrfachverletzungen erfordern ein interdisziplinäres Zusammenspiel der beteiligten Fachgebiete.
Baseline hepatobiliary MRI for predicting chemotherapeutic response and prognosis in initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Chen Yazheng , Lu Tao , Zhang Yongchang , Li Hang , Xu Jingxu , Li Mou 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of hepatobiliary MRI parameters as predictors of clinical response to chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM).

Methods
Eighty-five patients with initially unresectable CRLM were retrospectively enrolled from two hospitals and scanned using gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI before treatment. Therapy response was evaluated based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. Conventional parameters (i.e., signal intensity [SI]) and radiomics features of portal venous phase (PVP) and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images were analyzed between the responders and non-responders. Next, the combined model was constructed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was calculated. The relationship between the combined model and progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed using Cox regression.

Results
Of the 85 patients from two hospitals, 42 were in the response group, and 43 were in the non-response group. Upon conducting five-fold cross-validation, the normalized relative enhancement (NRE) of CRLM during the PVP yielded an AUC of 0.625. Additionally, a radiomics feature derived from the tumor area in the HBP achieved an AUC of 0.698, while a separate feature extracted from the peritumoral region in the HBP recorded an AUC of 0.709. The model that integrated these three features outperformed the individual features, achieving an AUC of 0.818. Furthermore, the combined model exhibited a significant correlation with PFS (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The combined model, based on baseline hepatobiliary MRI, aids in predicting chemotherapeutic response and PFS in patients with initially unresectable CRLM.