bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative hyperphosphatemia significantly associates with adverse survival in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Ye Zhong , Palazzo Juan P , Lin Liz , Lai Yinzhi , Guiles Fran , Myers Ronald E , Han Jin , Xing Jinliang , Yang Hushan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and AimHyperphosphatemia has been implicated in the development and treatment of various cancers. However, whether it can be used as a direct prognostic marker of colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained unexplored. Given new insights into the importance of hyperphosphatemia in CRC, we sought to evaluate the association of hyperphosphatemia with the clinical outcomes of this disease.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of a well‐characterized clinic‐based cohort with 1241 CRC patients, we assessed the association of postoperative hyperphosphatemia with patient overall survival.ResultsPostoperative hyperphosphatemia measured within the first month after surgery was significantly associated with CRC survival. Compared to patients with a normal phosphate level, those with hyperphosphatemia exhibited a significant unfavorable overall survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–2.29, P = 2.6 × 10−8 (log‐rank P = 1.2 × 10−7). Stratified analyses indicated the association was more pronounced in patients with colon (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.57–2.56, P = 3.17 × 10−8) but not rectal cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.58–1.59, P = 0.889) (P interaction = 0.023), as well as in those not receiving chemotherapy (HR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.59–2.90, P = 6.2 × 10−7) but not in those receiving chemotherapy (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.92–1.82, P = 0.136) (P interaction = 0.012). Flexible parametric survival model demonstrated that the increased risk for death conferred by postoperative hyperphosphatemia persisted over 150 months after surgery.ConclusionOur data indicated that postoperative hyperphosphatemia might be used as a prognostic marker of CRC patients after surgery. Since phosphate level is routinely tested in clinics, it may be incorporated into clinical models to predict CRC survival.
Nutrition claims inBritish women's magazines from 1940 to 1955
Authors: Barker M. E. , Burridge J. D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe present study examined dietary messages conveyed in articles and advertising in two popular British women's magazines,Woman and HomeandWoman's Own, between 1940 and 1954.MethodsA qualitative analysis of written content was performed, focusing on regularities evident in content, and addressing the construction of the role of women in relation to food provision, as well as assertions for nutritional health. The setting comprised a desk‐based study. The study sample encompassed 37 magazines, and yielded a corpus of 569 articles concerned with food or dietary supplements, of which 80.1% were advertisements.ResultsMinistry of Food dietary advice featured prominently up to 1945 and advocated food consumption according to a simple nutrient classification. Advertising and article content also used this classification; advocating consumption of food and supplements on the grounds of energy, growth and protection of health was customary. Providing food to meet nutritional needs was depicted as fundamental to women's war effort and their role as dutiful housewives. Advertising in 1950s magazines also focused on nutritional claims, with a particular emphasis on energy provision.ConclusionsThese claims reflected the prevailing food policy and scientific understanding of nutritional health. This analysis of food messages in women's magazines provides lessons for contemporary nutrition policy.
Polyglucosan neurotoxicity caused by glycogen branching enzyme deficiency can be reversed by inhibition of glycogen synthase
Authors: Kakhlon Or , Glickstein Hava , Feinstein Naomi , Liu Yan , Baba Otto , Terashima Tatsuo , Akman Hasan Orhan , DiMauro Salvatore , Lossos Alexander 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUncontrolled elongation of glycogen chains, not adequately balanced by their branching, leads to the formation of an insoluble, presumably neurotoxic, form of glycogen called polyglucosan. To test the suspected pathogenicity of polyglucosans in neurological glycogenoses, we have modeled the typical glycogenosis Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease (APBD) by suppressing glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1, EC 2.4.1.18) expression using lentiviruses harboring short hairpin RNA (shRNA). GBE1 suppression in embryonic cortical neurons led to polyglucosan accumulation and associated apoptosis, which were reversible by rapamycin or starvation treatments. Further analysis revealed that rapamycin and starvation led to phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase (GS, EC 2.4.1.11), dephosphorylated and activated in the GBE1‐suppressed neurons. These protective effects of rapamycin and starvation were reversed by overexpression of phosphorylation site mutant GS only if its glycogen binding site was intact. While rapamycin and starvation induce autophagy, autophagic maturation was not required for their corrective effects, which prevailed even if autophagic flux was inhibited by vinblastine. Furthermore, polyglucosans were not observed in any compartment along the autophagic pathway. Our data suggest that glycogen branching enzyme repression in glycogenoses can cause pathogenic polyglucosan buildup, which might be corrected by GS inhibition.
image
Knockdown of glycogen branching enzyme in neurons led to accumulation of an insoluble form of glycogen called polyglucosan, to apoptosis and to activation of glycogen synthase. These effects were reversed by glycogen synthase inhibition through starvation and rapamycin treatments, suggesting a potential therapeutic value of glycogen synthase inhibition for treating glycogen storage disorders.
High expression of p63 is correlated to poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Loljung Lotta , Coates Philip J. , Nekulova Marta , Laurell Göran , Wahlgren Magnus , Wilms Torben , Widlöf Mikael , Hansel Anna , Nylander Karin 
Published: April 2013

Backgroundp63 proteins are important in formation of the oral mucosa. Normal oral mucosa shows a balance between the six protein isoforms, whereas an imbalance between them is seen in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). There is controversy over the clinical impact of p63 in SCC, which may relate to different expression in different areas. In addition, p63 isoforms can act as p53‐like molecules (TAp63) or can inhibit p53 functions (ΔNp63) and expression of these isoforms varies in different tumours. Here, we chose to concentrate on the most common intra‐oral sub‐site, SCC of the mobile tongue.MethodsTotal p63, ΔNp63 and TAp63 were analysed separately using immunohistochemistry. The percentage of cells and intensity of expression of different isoforms of p63 was evaluated using a quick score method and correlated with clinical data in a group of 87 patients with tongue SCC.ResultsAll tumours expressed p63 in at least 60% of the cells when using two different antibodies detecting all 6 isoforms. p63 expression correlated significantly with 2‐year survival (P = 0.018), with fewer patients surviving 2 years if their tumours expressed p63 with strong intensity in at least 80% of the cells (quick score 18). Looking at 5‐year survival, this was even more emphasized. ΔNp63 was expressed in all tumours, whereas expression of TAp63 was seen only in 59/87 patients, usually at very low levels.ConclusionsBased on the present data, we recommend using expression of p63 as an additional factor contributing prognostic information in analysis of SCC in the tongue.
Using Orem's self‐care model for asthmatic adolescents
Authors: Altay Naime , Çavuşoğlu Hicran 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurpose.The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Orem's self‐care model on the self‐care of adolescents with asthma.Design and Methods.In this experimental design, adolescents with asthma (N = 80) received home visits and individualized care based on theory‐guided nursing diagnoses. Patients in the experimental group were visited in their homes eight times, and those in the control group were visited two times.Results.The five self‐care skills of medicine usage, peak expiratory flow meter usage, applying an asthma action plan, keeping a daily follow‐up schedule, and protecting against triggering factors differed significantly between the first and last visits in the experimental group, whereas the self‐care skills of adolescents in the control group did not change.Practice Implications.Applying Orem's self‐care model increased the self‐care skills of adolescents with asthma.
Mechanisms of abdominal distension in severe intestinal dysmotility: abdomino‐thoracic response to gut retention
Authors: Barba E. , Quiroga S. , Accarino A. , Lahoya E. M. , Malagelada C. , Burri E. , Navazo I. , Malagelada J. ‐R. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe previously showed that abdominal distension in patients with functional gut disorders is due to a paradoxical diaphragmatic contraction without major increment in intraabdominal volume. Our aim was to characterize the pattern of gas retention and the abdomino‐thoracic mechanics associated with abdominal distension in patients with intestinal dysmotility.MethodsIn 15 patients with manometrically proven intestinal dysmotility, two abdominal CT scans were performed: one during basal conditions and other during an episode of severe abdominal distension. In 15 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls, a basal scan was performed.Key ResultsIn basal conditions, patients exhibited more abdominal gas than healthy subjects, particularly in the small bowel, and the volume significantly increased during an episode of distension. During episodes of abdominal distension, the increase in abdominal content was associated with increased girth and antero‐posterior abdominal diameter, as well as a cephalic displacement of the diaphragm, which reduced the height of the lung. The consequent reduction in the air volume of the lung was attenuated by an increase in the antero‐posterior diameter of the chest.Conclusions & InferencesAbdominal distension in patients with severe intestinal dysfunction is related to marked pooling of gut contents, particularly in the small bowel. This increase in content is accommodated within the abdominal cavity by a global and coordinated abdomino‐phreno‐thoracic response, involving an accommodative ascent of the diaphragm and a compensatory expansion of the chest wall.
New insights into the regulation of plant immunity by amino acid metabolic pathways
Authors: ZEIER JÜRGEN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBesides defence pathways regulated by classical stress hormones, distinct amino acid metabolic pathways constitute integral parts of the plant immune system. Mutations in several genes involved in Asp‐derived amino acid biosynthetic pathways can have profound impact on plant resistance to specific pathogen types. For instance, amino acid imbalances associated with homoserine or threonine accumulation elevate plant immunity to oomycete pathogens but not to pathogenic fungi or bacteria. The catabolism of Lys produces the immune signal pipecolic acid (Pip), a cyclic, non‐protein amino acid. Pip amplifies plant defence responses and acts as a critical regulator of plant systemic acquired resistance, defence priming and local resistance to bacterial pathogens. Asp‐derived pyridine nucleotides influence both pre‐ and post‐invasion immunity, and the catabolism of branched chain amino acids appears to affect plant resistance to distinct pathogen classes by modulating crosstalk of salicylic acid‐ and jasmonic acid‐regulated defence pathways. It also emerges that, besides polyamine oxidation and NADPH oxidase, Pro metabolism is involved in the oxidative burst and the hypersensitive response associated with avirulent pathogen recognition. Moreover, the acylation of amino acids can control plant resistance to pathogens and pests by the formation of protective plant metabolites or by the modulation of plant hormone activity.
Possible roles of Juvenile Hormone and Juvenile Hormone binding protein on changes in the integument during termination of larval diapause in the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis
Authors: RITDACHYENG EAKARTIT , MANABOON MANAPORN , TOBE STEPHEN S. , SINGTRIPOP TIPPAWAN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo understand the role of Juvenile Hormone (JH) on changes in the integument of Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) during larval–pupal development, the expression patterns of transcripts of the O. fuscidentalis JH binding protein gene (OfJHBP) are determined in the integument of diapausing larvae. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) studies show that the relative levels OfJHBP mRNA in the integument do not differ significantly in different segments of the body. Application of the JH analogue (JHA) methoprene to diapausing larvae results in a relatively low expression of OfJHBP mRNA from days 0 to 8 after JHA application and reaches maximal levels in the pupal stage. Changes in OfJHBP expression after 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) injection also show low levels of OfJHBP mRNA from days 0 to 8 and show a peak of expression in the pupal stage. Incubation of the integument in vitro in the presence of JHA (3.22 µm) induces high levels of OfJHBP expression within 120 min, whereas incubation with 20E (2.08 µm) induces gene expression at 150 min. To study the cooperative effect on OfJHBP expression of these two hormones, dose–response experiments are performed. Larval integument is maintained in the presence of 0.32 µm JHA or 2.08 µm 20E or a combination of both hormones in vitro for 120 min. Induction of OfJHBP expression by JHA and 20E in combination is significantly higher than that of either hormone alone. The results impact not only on our understanding of how methoprene (and hence JH) terminates larval diapause through an increase in ecdysteroid titre in the haemolymph, but also on how JH acts directly on the integument to stimulate the expression of a JH binding protein gene.
Bayesian Ranking Responses in Multiple-Response Questions
Authors: Wang Hsiuying , Huang Wei Heng 
Published: April 2013

SummaryQuestionnaires are important surveying tools that are used in numerous studies. Analyses of multiple-response questions are not as well established in detail compared with single-response questions. Wang has proposed several methods for ranking responses in multiple-response questions under the frequentist set-up. However, prior information may exist for ranks of responses in numerous situations. Therefore, establishing a methodology that combines updated survey data and past information for ranking responses is an essential issue in questionnaire data analysis. This study develops Bayesian ranking methods based on several Bayesian multiple-testing procedures to rank responses by controlling the posterior expected false discovery rate. Moreover, a simulation is conducted to compare these approaches, and a real data example is presented to show the effectiveness of the methods proposed.
External validation and updating of a Dutch prediction model for low hemoglobin deferral in Irish whole blood donors
Authors: Baart A. Mireille , Atsma Femke , McSweeney Ellen N. , Moons Karel G.M. , Vergouwe Yvonne , de Kort Wim L.A.M. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundRecently, sex‐specific prediction models for low hemoglobin (Hb) deferral have been developed in Dutch whole blood donors. In the present study, we validated and updated the models in a cohort of Irish whole blood donors.Study Design and MethodsProspectively collected data from 45,031 Irish whole blood donors were used. Hb cutoff levels for donation were approximately 0.35 mmol/L lower in Ireland than the Dutch cutoff levels (8.07 mmol/L vs. 8.40 mmol/L in men; 7.45 mmol/L vs. 7.80 mmol/L in women). The predictive performance of the models was assessed with calibration plots, calibration‐in‐the‐large, and the concordance (c)‐statistic. The models were updated by revising the strength of the individual predictors in the models.ResultsA total of 613 men (2.4%) and 1624 women (8.4%) were deferred from donation because of a low Hb level. Validation demonstrated underestimation of predicted risks and lower c‐statistics for men and women compared to the Dutch cohort. The strength of most predictive factors, particularly previous Hb level, was lower in Irish donors. The updated models showed a c‐statistic of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81‐0.84) for men and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.74‐0.77) for women.ConclusionThe performance of Dutch prediction models for Hb deferral was limited when validated in Irish whole blood donors. Updating the models resulted in different predictor effects. This improved mainly the model calibration; the improvement in discrimination was small.
Quantification and comparison of baseline cortisol levels between aqueous and plasma from healthy anesthetized hound dogs utilizing mass spectrometry
Authors: Claude Andrew K. , Miller William W. , Beyer Anne M. , Willeford Kenneth O. , Ross Matthew K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to quantify and compare the resting cortisol levels between aqueous (Aq) and plasma of anesthetized hound dogs utilizing mass spectrometry.AnimalsNine hound breed dogs weighing between 20.8 and 29.2 kg ( = 26.3 kg, SD ± 2.6 kg) were utilized from a previous project.ProceduresAll dogs underwent two anesthesia sessions to harvest Aq from each eye respectively. A paired blood sample was taken immediately after aqueous centesis. The Aq and plasma were analyzed for cortisol levels using mass spectrometry. Correlation of cortisol levels in dog serum and ocular fluid was determined with Sigma Stat using Pearson's correlation analysis. The level of significance for correlation analysis was set atP < 0.05.ResultsThe plasma resting cortisol levels in the dog ranged from 3.59 to 89.35 nm( = 31.68 nm, SD ± 28.53 nm), while the Aq cortisol levels ranged from 0.82 to 5.62 nm( = 2.73 nm, SD ± 1.94 nm). The correlation of cortisol levels in Aq compared to plasma was significant (P = 0.008) with a correlation coefficient ofr = 0.779. Based on these results, 61% (r = 0.7792) of the variation in Aq cortisol levels is explained by the variations in plasma cortisol levels.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThis study identified significant levels of cortisol in the Aq of the canine eye and positively correlated them with plasma cortisol levels. The dog may offer a representative model for further studies to help clarify the overall role of cortisol in the anterior chamber.
Effectiveness of robust optimization in intensity‐modulated proton therapy planning for head and neck cancers
Authors: Liu Wei , Frank Steven J. , Li Xiaoqiang , Li Yupeng , Park Peter C. , Dong Lei , Ronald Zhu X. , Mohan Radhe 
Published: April 2013

Purpose:Intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is highly sensitive to uncertainties in beam range and patient setup. Conventionally, these uncertainties are dealt using geometrically expanded planning target volume (PTV). In this paper, the authors evaluated a robust optimization method that deals with the uncertainties directly during the spot weight optimization to ensure clinical target volume (CTV) coverage without using PTV. The authors compared the two methods for a population of head and neck (H&N) cancer patients.Methods:Two sets of IMPT plans were generated for 14 H&N cases, one being PTV‐based conventionally optimized and the other CTV‐based robustly optimized. For the PTV‐based conventionally optimized plans, the uncertainties are accounted for by expanding CTV to PTV via margins and delivering the prescribed dose to PTV. For the CTV‐based robustly optimized plans, spot weight optimization was guided to reduce the discrepancy in doses under extreme setup and range uncertainties directly, while delivering the prescribed dose to CTV rather than PTV. For each of these plans, the authors calculated dose distributions under various uncertainty settings. The root‐mean‐square dose (RMSD) for each voxel was computed and the area under the RMSD‐volume histogram curves (AUC) was used to relatively compare plan robustness. Data derived from the dose volume histogram in the worst‐case and nominal doses were used to evaluate the plan optimality. Then the plan evaluation metrics were averaged over the 14 cases and were compared with two‐sided pairedt tests.Results:CTV‐based robust optimization led to more robust (i.e., smaller AUCs) plans for both targets and organs. Under the worst‐case scenario and the nominal scenario, CTV‐based robustly optimized plans showed better target coverage (i.e., greater D95%), improved dose homogeneity (i.e., smaller D5% − D95%), and lower or equivalent dose to organs at risk.Conclusions:CTV‐based robust optimization provided significantly more robust dose distributions to targets and organs than PTV‐based conventional optimization in H&N using IMPT. Eliminating the use of PTV and planning directly based on CTV provided better or equivalent normal tissue sparing.
Impact of the MIC of Piperacillin-Tazobactam on the Outcome of Patients with Bacteremia Due to Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Retamar Pilar , López-Cerero Lorena , Muniain Miguel Angel , Pascual Álvaro , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús ,   the ESBL-REIPI/GEIH Group
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

We investigated the impact of the piperacillin-tazobactam MIC in the outcome of 39 bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing
Escherichia coli
. All 11 patients with urinary tract infections survived, irrespective of the MIC. For other sources, 30-day mortality was lower for isolates with a MIC of ≤2 mg/liter than for isolates with a higher MIC (0% versus 41.1%;
P
= 0.02).
Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates
Authors: Lysnyansky I. , Gerchman I. , Mikula I. , Gobbo F. , Catania S. , Levisohn S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The
in vitro
activity of enrofloxacin against 73
Mycoplasma synoviae
field strains isolated in Israel and Europe was determined by broth microdilution. Decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin was identified in 59% of strains, with the MICs ranging from 1 to >16 μg/ml. The estimated MIC
50
and MIC
90
values for enrofloxacin were 2 and 8 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that 92% of recent Israeli field isolates (2009 to 2011) of
M. synoviae
have MICs of ≥2 μg/ml to enrofloxacin. Comparison of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) in
M. synoviae
isolates revealed a clear correlation between the presence of one of the amino acid substitutions Asp79-Asn, Thr80-Ala/Ile, Ser81-Pro, and Asp84-Asn/Tyr/His of the ParC QRDR and decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin (MIC, ≥1 μg/ml). Amino acid substitutions at positions GyrA 87, GyrB 401/402, and ParE 420/454 were also identified, but there was no clear-cut correlation with susceptibility to enrofloxacin. Comparison of
vlhA
molecular profiles revealed the presence of 9 different genotypes in the Israeli
M. synoviae
field isolates and 10 genotypes in the European isolates; only one
vlhA
genotype (type 4) was identified in both cohorts. Based on results of
vlhA
molecular typing, several mechanisms for emergence and dissemination of Israeli enrofloxacin-resistant
M. synoviae
isolates are suggested.