bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Climate Change Hazards Using The Climate Hazard Index in Indonesia
Authors: ROBBANI ISMAIL , WIRATMO JOKO , SUSANDI ARMI 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Climate change is a serious problem for the world. It causes significant impact on ecosystems and people in all parts of the world's continents and oceans and poses grave risks to human health, global food security and economic development. One of the steps to reduce climate change disasters is climate risk management. Climate Risk Index (CRI) is a quantitative calculation of many climate risks with thresholds specific to extreme weather and climate events that cause disasters. One of the stages in preparing the CRI is to determine a hazard valuation or Climate Hazard Index (CHI). Because the climatic conditions in Indonesia vary with rainfall, it is necessary to conduct a study to determine the CHI associated with this variable. Therefore, in this study, climate hazards that are analyzed are limited to rainfall-related hazards, which are drought and extreme rainfall events. Then the constituent components of the CHI studied are the drought index and the extreme rain index. This hazard study shows an increasing trend in each of the CHI constituent component indices with a very high frequency of hazard events occurring frequently from 1995 to 2021. June was the month that had the highest average CHI among other months throughout 1962–2021. In terms of spatial patterns, CHI is extreme in the Indonesian region with local and equatorial rainfall patterns. Whereas in the monsoon pattern, CHI is in the medium-very low range. Furthermore, CHI can be influenced by several factors, one of which is forest land cover. The results show that when the loss of forest land cover increases, the CHI value and its component index will also increase in the short term.
Spontaneous Nystagmus Violating the Alexander’s Law: Neural Substrates and Mechanisms
Authors: Choi Jae-Hwan , Oh Eun Hye , Kim Hyun Sung , Park Ji-Yun , Lee Suk-Min , Choi Seo Young , Kim Hyo Jung , Choi Jeong-Yoon , Kim Ji-Soo , Otero-Millan Jorge , Choi Kwang-Dong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Alexander's law states that spontaneous nystagmus increases when looking in the direction of fast-phase and decreases during gaze in slow-phase direction. Disobedience to Alexander’s law is occasionally observed in central nystagmus, but the underlying neural circuit mechanisms are poorly understood. We found a violation of Alexander’s law in one or both directions of lateral gaze in lesions of unilateral lateral medulla affecting the vestibular nucleus. When Alexander’s law is violated, the time constant (Tc) was larger than that in the controls (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 14.4 s [6.4–38.9] vs 9.0 s [IQR 5.5–12.6], p = 0.036) while the Tc did not differ between the groups when Alexander’ law is obeyed (9.6 s [3.6–16.1] vs 9.0 s [5.5–12.6], p = 0.924). To test the study hypothesis that an unstable neural integrator may generate nystagmus violating Alexander's law, we primarily utilized the gaze-holding neural integrator computational model, incorporating lesion-induced changes. With normal integrator function, the false rotational cue generates nystagmus following Alexander’s law. The first lesion, which changes the brainstem neural integrator, and the second lesion, which causes the Purkinje synapse to exert excitatory input, both lead to nystagmus that violates Alexander’s law. We propose that when the neural integrator is unstable with lesions in the brainstem neural integrator itself or the neural synapse between Purkinje cells and the brainstem vestibular nucleus, nystagmus violates Alexander’s law.
Enhanced Earth and Rockfill Dam Seepage Forecasting via an Integrated PLS-BO-BiLSTM Approach: A Novel Model Incorporating Lag Effects and Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Xie Zhiwen , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Seepage significantly impacts the stability of earth and rockfill dams, making effective monitoring essential. Traditional Partial Least Squares (PLS) methods handle multicollinearity well but often lack predictive accuracy. Integrating neural networks, particularly Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, enhances accuracy by improving nonlinear data processing and memory of long-term dependencies. This research presents a novel PLS-BO-BiLSTM seepage model for rockfill dams, combining PLS with BiLSTM and Bayesian Optimization (BO). The model employs normal and Rayleigh distribution functions to account for lags in water depth and precipitation, optimized using the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm. Engineering case studies demonstrate the model's high predictive accuracy and generalizability, especially during sudden seepage increases caused by heavy rainfall.
Agricultural Activities Increased Soil Organic Carbon in Shiyang River Basin, a typical inland river basin in China
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Xu Yuanxiao , Zhu Guofeng , Lu Siyu , Qiu Dongdong , Jiao Yinying , Meng Gaojia , Chen Longhu , Li Rui , Zhang Wenhao , Zhao Ling , Qi Xiaoyu , Wang Yuhao , Huang Eenwei , Li Wentong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Oasis agriculture is one of the main forms of agriculture in the world. Studying the impact of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) within oases can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of carbon input and sequestration in oasis agriculture. It can contribute to the development of well-reasoned agricultural policies. This work took the farmland in a typical inland river basin, Shiyang River Basin, of arid areas as the research object and compared the impact of the leading agricultural activities on the SOC. Samples were collected and their SOC content was determined in the laboratory. This work believes that: (1) In the same inland river basin, the organic carbon of farmland in the upper and middle reaches is significantly higher than that in the lower reaches, and the farmland in the core area of the oasis is higher than that in the marginal area; (2) The SOC content of farmland in the inland river basin is higher than that of woodland and grassland, and agricultural reclamation increases the SOC content in the inland river basin; (3) The abandonment of cultivated land leads to a decrease in SOC, and plastic film mulching has no obvious effect on the content of SOC. The research has clarified the impact of agricultural activities on SOC in arid oasis areas, and quantified the impact of different agricultural activities on SOC. The research can provide new references for understanding the impact of agriculture in arid regions on carbon cycling.
Investigating the Impact of Personal Preferences on Visual Working Memory Recall
Authors: Sadegh Roya Mohammad , Rezayat Ehsan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Visual working memory (VWM) plays a vital role in holding visual information in mind, and errors in recall can have significant consequences. Previous research has identified various factors that can influence recall errors in VWM, such as the number of items held in memory and the similarity between items. In this study, we investigated the impact of personal preferences on VWM recall accuracy. Our results showed that recall accuracy was significantly higher for preferential items compared to non-preferential items, indicating that personal preferences can have a significant impact on VWM recall accuracy. Moreover, the distance analysis revealed both attraction and repulsion effects in the VWM content. These findings have important implications for understanding the factors that influence memory recall and may have practical applications in fields such as marketing and design. Overall, this study sheds light on the role of personal preferences in VWM recall accuracy and contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying memory recall.
The Influence of Physiological Synchrony Between Therapy Horse and Riding Therapist on The Therapeutic Triad in Horse-Assisted Therapy
Authors: Wienhold Stella , Bär Larissa , Ringleb Zoe , Zirpel Victoria , Gomolla Annette , Denk Bernadette F. , Volkmer Nina , Gaertner Raphaela J. , Klink Elea S. C. , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In any therapeutic setting, the outcome depends in part on the therapeutic alliance, characterized by mutual understanding, empathy and trust among the participants, which also manifests itself through physiological synchronization (PS) processes involving breathing, heart, and brain. This study examined the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) synchronization patterns during horse-assisted therapy. We explored the impact of horse preference of the therapist, and levels of early life adversity (ELA) on PS relationships across participants, riding therapists and therapy horses. Our sample of 43 participants engaged in standardized horse-assisted therapy sessions facilitated by three riding therapists and four therapy horses. PS was operationalized through cross-wavelet power analyses across the different dyads. The results showed that the riding therapist's preference for a particular therapy horse was associated with less HRV synchronization between this therapy horse and the respective riding therapist. Strong synchronization between horse and therapist was associated with strong synchronization between horse and participant and between therapist and participant. We found an association between ELA and HRV synchronization between participants and therapists, with HRV synchronization being lower in individuals with higher levels of ELA. This effect of ELA was not found for HRV synchronization between participants and horses. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms underlying horse-human interactions and have implications for optimizing therapeutic interventions in clinical settings.
Habitat mapping for native oyster restoration using hydrodynamic modelling and experimental mortality data
Authors: Pereiro Diego , Dabrowski Tomasz , Tully Oliver , Lyons Kieran , Morrisey Patrick , Daly Eoghan , Basu Bidroha , Kelly Diarmuid , O’Halloran Gerry , O’Dowd Colm , Nolan Glenn , Gill Laurence 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ostrea edulis has been harvested in Galway Bay, Ireland, for centuries, but the oyster aquaculture in the bay is facing multiple threats One major concern for oyster farmers in the bay is the recurrence of heavy-rainfall, high-runoff, low-salinity events. In this work, a high-resolution hydrodynamic coastal model of Galway Bay is used together with experimental data on oyster mortality to identify suitable areas for native oyster restoration. Here, a new coastal circulation model of Galway Bay is presented, and its performance is evaluated against in-situ temperature and salinity observations. Oysters were exposed at varying conditions of temperature and salinity in the laboratory and experimental cumulative mortality curves were determined. These experiments were used to develop an oyster mortality model that, together with the temperature and salinity predictions from the hydrodynamic model, determines the total mortality over a given period. A new Habitat Suitability Index is proposed, based on the distribution of total cumulative mortality.
Improved Printed Circuit Board Defect Detection Scheme
Authors: Bai Lufeng , Xu Wen hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper, an improved printed circuit board(PCB)defect detection scheme named PD-YOLOv8 is proposed, which is specialized in the common and challenging problem of small target recognition in PCB inspection. This improved scheme mainly relies on the basic framework of YOLOv8n, and effectively enhances the detection performance of PCB small defects through multiple innovative designs. First, we incorporate the E-CANet attention mechanism into the backbone network of YOLOv8, which improves the performance of small object detection by adaptively enhancing the expressiveness of key features, so that the network possesses higher sensitivity and focus on tiny details in PCB images. Second, we optimize and upgraded the neck structure. On the one hand, the C2f E module is introduced to facilitate cross-layer feature fusion to ensure that the rich texture information at the lower layer and the abstract semantic information at the higher layer complement each other, which is conducive to improving the contextual understanding of small object detection; on the other hand, a detection head specialized for small targets is designed and added to enhance the ability of locating and identifying tiny defects. Furthermore, in order to further enhance the interaction and fusion of multi-scale features, we also add a SlimNeck module to the neck structure, which realizes efficient information transfer through streamlined design and reduces computational complexity at the same time. In addition, we draw on the advanced BiFPN structure, which enables the bidirectional flow of feature information between multiple layers and greatly improves the capture and integration of small target features. Compared to the original YOLOv8 algorithm , this algorithm improves the average accuracy on small targets by 5.7% for mAP50 and 2.2% for mAP50-95.
Whether 3.0 g cefuroxime prophylaxis before cardiac surgery diminished postoperative pneumonia and persistent fever compared with 1.5 g: a nested case-control study
Authors: Yang Jianshui , Ge Zijun , Min Qifen , Gong Xiaowen , Chen Wensen , Zang Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Whether 3.0 g CXM prophylaxis before cardiac surgery can effectively avoid POP and persistent POFcompared with 1.5 g is debatable, which needs to be confirmed by evidence medical research.
Methods
A total of 301 patients who underwent CXM prophylaxis before cardiac surgery from Jan 2023 to Dec 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were incorporated in a nested case-control study. The patients were divided into the 1.5 g (n=170) and 3.0 g (n=131) groups according to the dosage of prophylactic CXM. Outcomes included POP and persistent POF. Risk andstratification analysis was performed for the effect andmodification of different doses of CXM on outcomes.
Results
The incidence of persistent POF in 1.5 g group (52, 30.59%) was lower than that in 3.0 g group (67, 51.15%) unadjusted (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.48~3.81, P<0.001) or adjusted (OR=2.38, 95%CI:1.36~4.14, P=0.002) for the confounding variables. There was no significant difference in POP between the two groups unadjusted (OR=1.26, 95%CI:0.62~2.55, P=0.522) or adjusted (OR=1.03., 95%CI:0.48~2.20, P=0.945) for the confounding variables. The results of stratification analysis defined that two different dosages of prophylactic CXM didn’t generate effect modification on the risk factors of persistent POF.
Conclusions
3.0 g CXM prophylaxis before cardiac surgery didn’t decrease the incidence of POP but increased the risk of persistent POF compared with 1.5 g. Given the facts, this study may point the solution of CXM preoperative prophylaxis for cardiac surgery.
No Causal Relationship Between Coagulation Factors and Sepsis-Related Risks: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Lei Jingchao , Qi Jing , Zhai Jia , Zhang Yao , Sun Chuanzheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Among the critical hallmarks of sepsis progression is the abnormal activation of coagulation, particularly the onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation, which often indicates a higher risk of mortality. However, due to the complexity of the coagulation system and the lack of prospective sepsis cohorts, understanding the relationship between coagulation factors and sepsis-related risk remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between coagulation factor levels and related protein expressions with the risk of sepsis incidence, ICU admission, and 28-day mortality using publicly available GWAS summary statistics through MR analysis.
Methods
To explore the causal relationship between coagulation factors and sepsis-related risks, we employed a two-sample MR analysis framework. After rigorous quality control, we extracted 99 SNPs influencing the plasma levels of 16 coagulation factors from GWAS. Cis-eQTLs regulating sepsis-related coagulation genes were extracted from the eQTLgen database as instrumental variables. We then utilized sepsis GWAS data from independent European ancestry cohorts: UK Biobank and FinnGen as outcome data for MR analysis. We calculated MR estimates using various methods and conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of the analysis.
Results
The causal effect sizes between genetically predicted levels of coagulation factors and the risk of sepsis incidence, ICU admission, and 28-day mortality did not reach statistical significance. The expression of the TMEM173 gene showed a positive effect on the risk of ICU admission for sepsis (IVW: beta = 0.362, P = 0.0264; Weighted Median: beta = 0.386, P = 0.0123).
Conclusions
Our MR study does not support a presumed causal effect between coagulation factor levels and the risk of sepsis incidence, ICU admission, and 28-day mortality in European populations.
Mitochondrial transcriptome of Candida albicans in flagranti — direct RNA sequencing reveals a new layer of information
Authors: Piątkowski Jakub , Koźluk Kacper , Golik Paweł 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Organellar transcriptomes are relatively under-studied systems, with data related to full-length transcripts and posttranscriptional modifications remaining sparse. Direct RNA sequencing presents the possibility of accessing a previously unavailable layer of information pertaining to transcriptomic data, as well as circumventing the biases introduced by second-generation RNA-seq platforms. Direct long-read Nanopore sequencing allows for the analyzing isoforms of full-length transcripts and the detection of posttranscriptional modifications. However, there are still relatively few projects employing this method specifically for studying organellar transcriptomes.
Results:
Candida albicans is a promising model for investigating nucleo-mitochondrial interactions. This work comprises Nanopore sequencing of the Candida albicans mitochondrial transcriptome along with the development of a dedicated data analysis pipeline, allowing for the detection of complete transcript isoforms and posttranslational RNA modifications, as well as an analysis of C. albicans deletion mutants in genes coding for the 5' and 3' mitochondrial RNA exonucleases CaPET127 and CaDSS1. It also allowed for corrections to previous studies in terms of 3’ and 5’ transcript ends and revealed the presence of a number of intermediate splicing isoforms, along with mature and unspliced transcripts and changes in their abundances resulting from disruption of both 5’ and 3’ exonucleolytic processing. Multiple putative posttranscriptional modification sites have also been detected.
Conclusions:
This preliminary work demonstrates the suitability of direct RNA sequencing for studying yeast mitochondrial transcriptomes in general and provides new insights into the workings of the C. albicans mitochondrial transcriptome in particular. It also provides a general roadmap for analyzing mitochondrial transcriptomic data from other organisms.
The Effects of Cold-Water Immersion on Post-High-Intensity-Exercise Cortisol and Testosterone to Determine Recovery
Authors: Gillette Cordial , McCutchin Brett 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context: Little literature has explored the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI), on testosterone and cortisol responses to exercise.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CWI on testosterone and cortisol responses to high-intensity exercise in athletes.
Methods: 8 male American football players (21.0 ± 1.0 years of age, 180.0 ± 4.4 cm, 86.7 ± 8.6 kg) underwent a series of high-intensity workouts consisting of maximal effort sprints. Subjects underwent PR and different lengths of CWI consisting of a 15-, 25-, or 35-minute bout immediately after workouts. Salivary samples were taken for pre, post, one hr post, 24 hr post, and 48 hr post workout.
Results: For testosterone, very large (ηp2 = .561) main effects for time (F (4) = 30.729; P < .001) regardless of CWI condition. There was a medium to large (ηp2 = .231) condition-by-time interaction (F (12) = 2.402; P = .030) that demonstrated a difference in testosterone responses to training based on different CWI conditions. At 24 hours post-workout, testosterone was significantly elevated from one-hour post-workout in both the 25- and 35-min CWI conditions. The 35 min CWI condition led to an overshoot at 48 hours so that testosterone was higher than baseline at the 48-hour recovery mark.
Conclusions: When seeking the goal of acute recovery, results suggest athletes may want to partake in passive recovery as compared to longer bouts of CWI; however, the data suggests CWI may be more beneficial for prolonged recovery.
GHG Policies in Maritime Transport: A Comparative Analysis using Cost-Effectiveness and Multi-Criteria Analysis
Authors: Garcia Renata de Marsillac , de Marsillac Cristiane Elia , Pereda Paula Carvalho , Lucchesi Andrea , Caprace Jean-David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Maritime transport accounts for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with the sector aiming to achieve net zero by or around i.e. close 2050. There has been intense debate on medium-term measures that combine regulatory frameworks with financial incentives or economic penalties. Among the main proposals under discussion are a GHG levy, two flexible mechanisms (FCMs) based on the GHG Fuel Intensity (GFI) and a feebate. Despite extensive discussions on carbon levies, there is a notable lack of studies comparing the cost-effectiveness of these different GHG reduction measures in the maritime sector. This study aims to fill this gap by developing a comprehensive methodology to evaluate and compare these GHG policies. Using cost-effectiveness and multi-criterion decision analysis (MCDA), the study assesses the technical feasibility, economic implications, and environmental benefits of the proposed measures. The main quantitative results reveal that a GHG levy starting at $100 per ton of CO2 doubles fuel costs, while new fuels become economically attractive only after 2040 under the feebate mechanism. Both original and revised FCM proposals show similar cost patterns, with the revised FCM leading to earlier adoption of new fuels. We find that the FCMs and the carbon levy are effective in achieving the IMO's final and intermediate targets. However, FCMs are the most cost-effective proposals, achieving targets with the lowest present value of costs and the cost per avoided GHG emissions. The proposed methodology provides a robust framework for facilitating objective and structured discussions with stakeholders, helping to balance economic and environmental goals in maritime policymaking.