bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The technical merits of turbogenerating shown through the design, validation and implementation of a one-dimensional engine model
Authors: Thompson Ian GM , Spence Stephen W , Thornhill David , McCartan Charles D , Talbot-Weiss Jonathan MH 
Published: October 2012

Turbocompounding is the process of recovering a proportion of an engine’s fuel energy that would otherwise be lost in the exhaust process and adding it to the output power. This was first seen in the 1930s and is carried out by coupling an exhaust gas turbine to the crankshaft of a reciprocating engine. It has since been recognised that coupling the power turbine to an electrical generator instead of the crankshaft has the potential to reduce the fuel consumption further with the added flexibility of being able to decide how this recovered energy is used. The electricity generated can be used in automotive applications to assist the crankshaft using a flywheel motor generator or to power ancillaries that would otherwise have run off the crankshaft. In the case of stationary power plants, it can assist the electrical power output. Decoupling the power turbine from the crankshaft and coupling it to a generator allows the power electronics to control the turbine speed independently in order to optimise the specific fuel consumption for different engine operating conditions. This method of energy recapture is termed ‘turbogenerating’. This paper gives a brief history of turbocompounding and its thermodynamic merits. It then moves on to give an account of the validation of a turbogenerated engine model. The model is then used to investigate what needs to be done to an engine when a turbogenerator is installed. The engine being modelled is used for stationary power generation and is fuelled by an induced biogas with a small portion of palm oil being injected into the cylinder to initiate combustion by compression ignition. From these investigations, optimum settings were found that result in a 10.90% improvement in overall efficiency. These savings relate to the same engine without a turbogenerator installed operating with fixed fuelling.
An iterative process for verification of a meteorological data server
Authors: Thoman David , Henley Elizabeth Raley , O’Kula Kevin , Davis Frederick , Morris James 
Published: October 2012

Key aspects of the verification performed on US Army Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) WeatherServer (WXS) are described. WXS is a Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA)-based modeling and simulation that distributes three-dimensional meteorological data over time to participants in a distributed test event or joint exercise environment. The verification features an iterative process as an effective measure to reduce time and costs while still allowing a comprehensive review. In addition, the unique role that WXS serves in efficiently providing real-time meteorological data to support Test and Evaluation (T&E) exercises is discussed. The verification process demonstrated the fidelity of the WXS output and the correctness of the coded technical algorithms (e.g., altitude-to-pressure conversions). The iterative process involved cycles of testing and improved software builds that continued until a build of WXS was developed that functioned as designed. Insights obtained during the iterative process applied to the WXS verification included realizing the full benefits of (1) periodic communications and issue resolution among the developer, verification team, and sponsor; (2) allocating sufficient budget for the software developer’s time to support the verification process; and (3) strategically customizing the verification process to allow for an efficient testing and review process following applicable standards.
Clozapine treatment of patients with refractory schizophrenia, concurrent dengue infection and hematological abnormalities: three case reports
Authors: Nunes Emerson Arcoverde , Rezende Tatiana M.N. , Morais Silvio L. , Crippa José A.S. , Dursun Serdar M. , Baker Glen B. , Hallak Jaime E.C. 
Published: October 2012

Background: Dengue is a febrile illness that is most common in tropical areas but is recognized worldwide as one of the most important arbovirus diseases of humans. This febrile illness generally has a course with mild alterations in white blood cell count, but there are also rare cases of severe neutropenia or agranulocytosis during dengue infection. Clozapine (CLZ) remains the most effective treatment for schizophrenia, but because of its poor side effect profile, in particular due to the increased risk of neutropenia and agranulocytosis, it is generally used for patients whose condition responds poorly to other antipsychotics. Methods: We report three cases of dengue infection in patients with refractory schizophrenia who were using CLZ, and we discuss the implications of this infection on the continuation of CLZ treatment in these patients. Results: Of these three cases with dengue infection and co-occurence of CLZ use, the first would be classified as severe neutropenia and the second as moderate leucopenia; the last case had a white blood cell (WBC) count inside the normal range, and had no need to change his antipsychotic. The first and the second patient presented a worsening in their schizophrenic psychopathologies, after CLZ withdrawal, evolving into catatonic states, that were reverted after the careful reintroduction of CLZ. Discussion: It is very likely that during dengue epidemics many patients with schizophrenia and using CLZ have their treatment permanently discontinued given WBC count concerns, causing relapse of symptoms of schizophrenia and impairment of quality of life of these patients.This is the first report of neutropenia cases among CLZ-treated patients during dengue infection that describes the withdrawal of CLZ and its successful readministration.
Acute toxicities of unrelated bone marrow versus peripheral blood stem cell donation: results of a prospective trial from the National Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Pulsipher Michael A. , Chitphakdithai Pintip , Logan Brent R. , Shaw Bronwen E. , Wingard John R. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Waller Edmund K. , Seftel Matthew , Stroncek David F. , Lopez Angela M. , Maharaj Dipnarine , Hematti Peiman , O'Donnell Paul V. , Loren Alison W. , Leitman Susan F. , Anderlini Paolo , Goldstein Steven C. , Levine John E. , Navarro Willis H. , Miller John P. , Confer Dennis L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) have replaced bone marrow (BM) as the most common unrelated donor progenitor cell product collected, a direct comparison of concurrent PBSC versus BM donation experiences has not been performed. We report a prospective study of 2726 BM and 6768 PBSC donors who underwent collection from 2004 to 2009. Pain and toxicities were assessed at baseline, during G-CSF administration, on the day of collection, within 48 hours of donation, and weekly until full recovery. Peak levels of pain and toxicities did not differ between the 2 donation processes for most donors. Among obese donors, PBSC donors were at increased risk of grade 2 to 4 pain as well as grade 2 to 4 toxicities during the pericollection period. In contrast, BM donors were more likely to experience grade 2 to 4 toxicities at 1 week and pain at 1 week and 1 month after the procedure. BM donors experienced slower recovery, with 3% still not fully recovered at 24 weeks, whereas 100% of PBSC donors had recovered. Other factors associated with toxicity included obesity, increasing age, and female sex. In summary, this study provides extensive detail regarding individualized risk patterns of PBSC versus BM donation toxicity, suggesting donor profiles that can be targeted with interventions to minimize toxicity.
Understanding the role of scientific evidence in consumer evaluation of natural health products for osteoarthritis an application of the means end chain approach
Authors: Tsui Teresa , Boon Heather , Boecker Andreas , Kachan Natasha , Krahn Murray 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Background
Over 30% of individuals use natural health products (NHPs) for osteoarthritis-related pain. The Deficit Model for the Public Understanding of Science suggests that if individuals are given more information (especially about scientific evidence) they will make better health-related decisions. In contrast, the Contextual Model argues that scientific evidence is one of many factors that explain how consumers make health-related decisions. The primary objective was to investigate how the level of scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of NHPs impacts consumer decision-making in the self-selection of NHPs by individuals with osteoarthritis.

Methods
The means-end chain approach to product evaluation was used to compare laddering interviews with two groups of community-dwelling Canadian seniors who had used NHPs to treat their osteoarthritis. Group 1 (n=13) had used only NHPs (glucosamine and/or chondroitin) with “high” scientific evidence of efficacy. Group 2 (n=12) had used NHPs (methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and/or bromelain) with little or no scientific evidence supporting efficacy. Content analysis and generation of hierarchical value maps facilitated the identification of similarities and differences between the two groups.

Results
The dominant decision-making chains for participants in the two scientific evidence categories were similar. Scientific evidence was an important decision-making factor but not as important as the advice from health care providers, friends and family. Most participants learned about scientific evidence via indirect sources from health care providers and the media.

Conclusions
The Contextual Model of the public understanding of science helps to explain why our participants believed scientific evidence is not the most important factor in their decision to use NHPs to help manage their osteoarthritis.
The importance of the macrophage within the human endometrium
Authors: Thiruchelvam Uma , Dransfield Ian , Saunders Philippa T K , Critchley Hilary O D 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Review on the regulation, phenotype, and role of the macrophage within the endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
The human endometrium is exposed to cyclical fluctuations of ovarian-derived sex steroids resulting in proliferation, differentiation (decidualization), and menstruation. An influx of leukocytes (up to 15% macrophages) occurs during the latter stages of the menstrual cycle, including menses. We believe the endometrial macrophage is likely to play an important role during the menstrual cycle, especially in the context of tissue degradation (menstruation), which requires regulated repair, regeneration, and phagocytic clearance of endometrial tissue debris to re-establish tissue integrity in preparation for fertility. The phenotype and regulation of the macrophage within the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and interactions with other cell types that constitute the endometrium are currently unknown and are important areas of study. Understanding the many roles of the endometrial macrophage is crucial to our body of knowledge concerning functionality of the endometrium as well as to our understanding of disorders of the menstrual cycle, which have major impacts on the health and well-being of women.
Initial Molecular Response at 3 Months May Predict Both Response and Event-Free Survival at 24 Months in Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Chronic Phase Treated With Nilotinib
Authors: Branford Susan , Kim Dong-Wook , Soverini Simona , Haque Ariful , Shou Yaping , Woodman Richard C. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Martinelli Giovanni , Radich Jerald P. , Saglio Giuseppe , Hochhaus Andreas , Hughes Timothy P. , Müller Martin C. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose The association between initial molecular response and longer-term outcomes with nilotinib was examined. Patients and Methods Patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase from the phase II nilotinib registration study with available postbaseline BCR-ABL1 transcript assessments were included (N = 237). Results BCR-ABL1 transcript levels (International Scale [IS]) at 3 months correlated with complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) by 24 months. Patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 1% to ≤ 10% at 3 months with nilotinib had higher cumulative incidence of CCyR by 24 months than patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 10% (53% v 16%). BCR-ABL1 (IS) at 3 months predicted major molecular response (MMR) by 24 months. Cumulative incidence of MMR by 24 months for patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 0.1% to ≤ 1%, > 1% to ≤ 10%, and > 10% was 65%, 27%, and 9%, respectively. These differences were observed for patients with or without baseline BCR–ABL1 mutations and for those with imatinib resistance or intolerance. Estimated event-free survival (EFS) rates at 24 months decreased with higher transcript levels at 3 months; patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of ≤ 1% had an estimated 24-month EFS rate of 82%, compared with 70% for patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 1% to ≤ 10% and 48% for patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 10%. Conclusion Patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of > 10% at 3 months had a lower cumulative incidence of CCyR and MMR and lower rates of EFS versus patients with BCR-ABL1 (IS) of ≤ 10%. Prospective studies may determine whether close monitoring or alternative therapies are warranted for patients with minimal initial molecular response.
Impact of [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Response Evaluation in Patients With High–Tumor Burden Follicular Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy: A Prospective Study From the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte and GOELAMS
Authors: Dupuis Jehan , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Julian Anne , Brice Pauline , Tychyj-Pinel Christelle , Tilly Hervé , Mounier Nicolas , Gallamini Andrea , Feugier Pierre , Soubeyran Pierre , Colombat Philippe , Laurent Guy , Berenger Nathalie , Casasnovas Rene-Olivier , Vera Pierre , Paone Gaetano , Xerri Luc , Salles Gilles , Haioun Corinne , Meignan Michel 
Published: October 2012

Purpose[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used for the staging and restaging of patients with aggressive lymphoma, but less is known about the utility of PET in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). In a prospective study, we evaluated the prognostic value of PET performed during treatment and at the end of treatment in 121 patients with FL treated with first-line immunochemotherapy.Patients and MethodsPatients with previously untreated high–tumor burden FL were treated with six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus two cycles of rituximab, without rituximab maintenance. PET was performed before treatment, after four cycles of R-CHOP (interim PET), and at the end of treatment (final PET). PET scans were centrally reviewed.ResultsThe total number of patients included was 121. Median age was 57 years. After central review, interim PET (n = 111) was negative in 76% of patients, and final PET (n = 106) was negative in 78%. With a median follow-up of 23 months, 2-year progression-free survival rates were 86% for interim PET–negative versus 61% for interim PET–positive patients (P = .0046) and 87% for final PET–negative versus 51% for final PET–positive patients (P < .001), respectively. Two-year overall survival also significantly differed according to final PET results: 100% versus 88% (P = .0128).ConclusionPET performed either after four cycles of R-CHOP or at the end of therapy was strongly predictive of outcome in this prospective study. Therapeutic intervention based on PET results during or after inductive treatment should be evaluated.
Results From a Prospective, Open-Label, Phase II Trial of Bendamustine in Refractory or Relapsed T-Cell Lymphomas: The BENTLY Trial
Authors: Damaj Gandhi , Gressin Rémy , Bouabdallah Krimo , Cartron Guillaume , Choufi Bachra , Gyan Emmanuel , Banos Anne , Jaccard Arnaud , Park Sophie , Tournilhac Olivier , Schiano-de Collela Jean-Marc , Voillat Laurent , Joly Bertrand , Le Gouill Steven , Saad Alain , Cony-Makhoul Pascale , Vilque Jean-Pierre , Sanhes Laurence , Schmidt-Tanguy Aline , Bubenheim Michael , Houot Roch , Diouf Momar , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Béné Marie-Christine , Martin Antoine , Lamy Thierry 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To determine the efficacy and safety of bendamustine as a single agent in refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphomas. Patients and Methods Patients with histologically confirmed peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma who progressed after one or more lines of prior chemotherapy received bendamustine at 120 mg/m2 per day on days 1 through 2 every 3 weeks for six cycles. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary end points were duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Of the 60 patients included, 27 (45%) were refractory to their last prior chemotherapy, and the median duration of the best previous response was 6.6 months. Histology was predominantly angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and PTCL not otherwise specified. The disease was disseminated in the majority of patients (87%). The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was one (range, one to three). Twenty patients (33%) received fewer than three cycles of bendamustine, mostly because of disease progression. In the intent-to-treat population, the ORR was 50%, including complete response in 17 patients (28%) and partial response in 13 patients (22%). Bendamustine showed consistent efficacy independent of major disease characteristics. The median values for DoR, PFS, and OS were 3.5, 3.6, and 6.2 months, respectively. The most frequent grade 3 to 4 adverse events were neutropenia (30%), thrombocytopenia (24%), and infections (20%). Conclusion Bendamustine showed an encouraging high response rate across the two major PTCL subtypes, independent of age and prior treatment, with acceptable toxicity in refractory or relapsed T-cell lymphoma.
Impact of Azacitidine Before Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Study by the Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie-Cellulaire and the Groupe-Francophone des Myélodysplasies
Authors: Damaj Gandhi , Duhamel Alain , Robin Marie , Beguin Yves , Michallet Mauricette , Mohty Mohamad , Vigouroux Stephane , Bories Pierre , Garnier Alice , El Cheikh Jean , Bulabois Claude-Eric , Huynh Anne , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Legrand Faeyzeh , Deconinck Eric , Fegueux Nathalie , Clement Laurence , Dauriac Charles , Maillard Natacha , Cornillon Jérôme , Ades Lionel , Guillerm Gaelle , Schmidt-Tanguy Aline , Marjanovic Zora , Park Sophie , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Garnier Federico , Fenaux ierre , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To investigate the impact of prior-to-transplantation azacitidine (AZA) on patient outcome after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients and Methods Of the 265 consecutive patients who underwent alloSCT for MDS between October 2005 and December 2009, 163 had received cytoreductive treatment prior to transplantation, including induction chemotherapy (ICT) alone (ICT group; n = 98), AZA alone (AZA group; n = 48), or AZA preceded or followed by ICT (AZA-ICT group; n = 17). At diagnosis, 126 patients (77%) had an excess of marrow blasts, and 95 patients (58%) had intermediate-2 or high-risk MDS according to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Progression to more advanced disease before alloSCT was recorded in 67 patients. Donors were sibling (n = 75) or HLA-matched unrelated (10/10; n = 88). They received blood (n = 142) or marrow (n = 21) grafts following either myeloablative (n = 33) or reduced intensity (n = 130) conditioning. Results With a median follow-up of 38.7 months, 3-year outcomes in the AZA, ICT, and AZA-ICT groups were 55%, 48%, and 32% (P = .07) for overall survival (OS); 42%, 44%, and 29% (P = .14) for event-free survival (EFS); 40%, 37%, and 36% (P = .86) for relapse; and 19%, 20%, and 35% (P = .24) for nonrelapse mortality (NRM), respectively. Multivariate analysis confirmed the absence of statistical differences between the AZA and the ICT groups in terms of OS, EFS, relapse, and NRM. Conclusion With the goal of downstaging underlying disease before alloSCT, AZA alone led to outcomes similar to those for standard ICT.
Recommendations for the Return of Research Results to Study Participants and Guardians: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Fernandez Conrad V. , Ruccione Kathleen , Wells Robert J. , Long Jay B. , Pelletier Wendy , Hooke Mary C. , Pentz Rebecca D. , Noll Robert B. , Baker Justin N. , O'Leary Maura , Reaman Gregory , Adamson Peter C. , Joffe Steven 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThe Children's Oncology Group (COG) strongly supports the widely recognized principle that research participants should be offered a summary of study results. The mechanism by which to do so in a cooperative research group setting has not been previously described.MethodsOn the basis of a review of the available empirical and theoretic literature and on iterative, multidisciplinary discussion, a COG Return of Results Task Force (RRTF) offered detailed recommendations for the return of results to research study participants.ResultsThe RRTF established guidelines for the notification of research participants and/or their parents/guardians about the availability of research results, a mechanism for and timing of sharing results via registration on the COG public Web site, the scope of the research to be shared, the target audience, and a process for creating and vetting lay summaries of study results. The RRTF recognized the challenges in adequately conveying complex scientific results to audiences with varying levels of health literacy and recommended that particularly sensitive or complex results be returned using direct personal contact. The RRTF also recommended evaluation of the cost, effectiveness, and impact of sharing results.ConclusionThese recommendations provide a framework for the offering and returning of results to participants. They can be used by individual investigators, multi-investigator research collaboratives, and large cooperative groups.
Fission yeast TORC1 prevents eIF2α phosphorylation in response to nitrogen and amino acids via Gcn2 kinase
Authors: Valbuena Noelia , Rozalén Ana Elisa , Moreno Sergio 
Published: October 2012

Summary
Serine 51 phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α) is an important mechanism involved in blocking general protein synthesis in response to diverse types of stress. In fission yeast, three kinases (Hri1, Hri2 and Gcn2) can phosphorylate eIF2α at serine 51. In this study, we show that Tor2, as part of the TORC1 complex, prevents the phosphorylation of eIF2α in cells growing in the presence of nitrogen and amino acids. Inhibition of TORC1, either by rapamycin treatment, mutation of Tor2 or nitrogen deprivation, induces Gcn2-dependent phosphorylation of eIF2α.