bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo and protease-activated receptor-1-mediated platelet activation but not response to antiplatelet therapy predict two-year outcomes after peripheral angioplasty with stent implantation
Authors: Steiner Sabine , Seidinger Daniela , Koppensteiner Renate , Panzer Simon , Kopp Christoph W. , Gremmel Thomas 
Published: November 2013

SummaryData linking the response to antiplatelet therapy with clinical outcomes after angioplasty and stenting for lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) are scarce. Moreover, associations of in vivo and thrombin-inducible platelet activation with the occurrence of adverse events have not been investigated in these patients, so far. We therefore assessed clinical outcomes and on-treatment platelet reactivity by four test systems in 108 patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy after infrainguinal angioplasty and stenting for LEAD. Further, in vivo and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-6-inducible glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa activation and P-selectin expression were measured as sensitive parameters of platelet activation. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of atherothrombotic events and target vessel restenosis or reocclusion. Residual platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid was similar between patients without and with adverse outcomes within two-year follow-up (all p>0.05). Further, the occurrence of clinical endpoints did not differ significantly between patients without and with high on-treatment residual platelet reactivity by all test systems (all p>0.05). In contrast, in vivo and TRAP-6-inducible platelet activation were significantly more pronounced in patients with subsequent adverse events (all p<0.05), and high levels of platelet activation were independent predictors of the primary endpoint (adjusted hazard ratios: 3.5 for high in vivo activated GPIIb/IIIa, 2.9 for high TRAP-6-inducible activated GPIIb/IIIa, 2.3 for high in vivo P-selectin, and 3 for high TRAP-6-inducible P-selectin; all p<0.05). In conclusion, in vivo and protease-activated receptor-1-mediated platelet activation predict two-year clinical outcomes in stable patients undergoing angioplasty and stenting for LEAD.
Association of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dysfunction: Implications for Screening
Authors: Xanthakis Vanessa , Larson Martin G. , Wollert Kai C. , Aragam Jayashri , Cheng Susan , Ho Jennifer , Coglianese Erin , Levy Daniel , Colucci Wilson S. , Michael Felker G. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Januzzi James L. , Wang Thomas J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: November 2013

Background

Currently available screening tools for left ventricular (
LV
) hypertrophy (
LVH
) and systolic dysfunction (
LVSD
) are either expensive (echocardiography) or perform suboptimally (B‐type natriuretic peptide [
BNP
]). It is unknown whether newer biomarkers are associated with
LVH
and
LVSD
and can serve as screening tools.

Methods and Results

We studied 2460
F
ramingham Study participants (mean age 58 years, 57% women) with measurements of biomarkers mirroring cardiac biomechanical stress (soluble
ST
‐2 [
ST
2], growth differentiation factor‐15 [
GDF
‐15] and high‐sensitivity troponin I [hsTnI]) and
BNP
. We defined
LVH
as
LV
mass/height
2
≥the sex‐specific 80th percentile and
LVSD
as mild/greater impairment of
LV
ejection fraction (
LVEF
) or a fractional shortening <0.29. Adjusting for standard risk factors in logistic models,
BNP
,
GDF
‐15, and hsTnI were associated with the composite echocardiographic outcome (
LVH
or
LVSD
), odds ratios (
OR
) per
SD
increment in log‐biomarker 1.29, 1.14, and 1.18 (95%
CI
: 1.15 to 1.44, 1.004 to 1.28, and 1.06 to 1.31), respectively. The C‐statistic for the composite outcome increased from 0.765 with risk factors to 0.770 adding
BNP
, to 0.774 adding novel biomarkers. The continuous Net Reclassification Improvement was 0.212 (95%
CI
: 0.119 to 0.305,
P
<0.0001) after adding the novel biomarkers to risk factors plus
BNP
.
BNP
was associated with
LVH
and
LVSD
in multivariable models, whereas
GDF
‐15 was associated with
LVSD
(
OR
1.41, 95%
CI
: 1.16 to 1.70), and hsTnI with
LVH
(
OR
1.22, 95%
CI
: 1.09 to 1.36).
ST
2 was not significantly associated with any outcome.

Conclusions

Our community‐based investigation suggests that cardiac stress biomarkers are associated with
LVH
and
LVSD
but may have limited clinical utility as screening tools.
Periprocedural Hemodynamic Depression Is Associated With a Higher Number of New Ischemic Brain Lesions After Stenting in the International Carotid Stenting Study-MRI Substudy
Authors: Altinbas Aysun , Algra Ale , Bonati Leo H. , Brown Martin M. , Kappelle L. Jaap , de Borst Gert Jan , Hendrikse Jeroen , van der Tweel Ingeborg , van der Worp H. Bart 
Published: November 2013

Background and Purpose—
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with a higher risk of both hemodynamic depression and new ischemic brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging than carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We assessed whether the occurrence of hemodynamic depression is associated with these lesions in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis treated by CAS or CEA in the randomized International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS)-MRI substudy.

Methods—
The number and total volume of new ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging 1 to 3 days after CAS or CEA was measured in the ICSS-MRI substudy. Hemodynamic depression was defined as periprocedural bradycardia, asystole, or hypotension requiring treatment. The number of new ischemic lesions was the primary outcome measure. We calculated risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals per treatment with Poisson regression comparing the number of lesions in patients with or without hemodynamic depression.

Results—
A total of 229 patients were included (122 allocated CAS; 107 CEA). After CAS, patients with hemodynamic depression had a mean of 13 new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions, compared with a mean of 4 in those without hemodynamic depression (risk ratio, 3.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–6.50). The number of lesions after CEA was too small for reliable analysis. Lesion volumes did not differ between patients with or without hemodynamic depression.

Conclusions—
In patients treated by CAS, periprocedural hemodynamic depression is associated with an excess of new ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging. The findings support the hypothesis that hypoperfusion increases the susceptibility of the brain to embolism.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25337470.
Sabinaria, a new genus of palms (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) from the Colombia-Panama border
Authors: Bernal Rodrigo , Galeano Gloria 
Published: November 2013

The new palm genus Sabinaria (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) and the new species Sabinaria magnifica from the Colombia-Panama border are described and illustrated. Sabinaria differs from other genera in the tribe in the leaf blades with a single deep, medial, abaxial split, and short abaxial splits in each segment, mostly unisexual flowers with biseriate perianth, calyx connate with the corolla at a single place on its margin, large, tightly appressed, persistent rachis bracts that hide the pistillate flowers, and fruits tightly packed and hidden among leaf bases, often covered by litter. Se describen e ilustran el nuevo género de palmas Sabinaria (Cryosophileae, Coryphoideae, Arecaceae) y la nueva especie Sabinaria magnifica, de la frontera entre Colombia y Panamá. Sabinaria difiere de otros géneros en la tribu por la lámina foliar con una sola división abaxial central y cortas divisiones abaxiales en cada uno de los segmentos, flores principalmente unisexuales con perianto biseriado, cáliz connato con la corola en un solo punto en su margen, grandes brácteas del raquis fuertemente adpresas y persistentes, que ocultan las flores pistiladas, y frutos apiñados, ocultos entre las bases de las hojas y a menudo cubiertos por hojarasca.
The Coherence and Impact of Meridional Heat Transport Anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean Inferred from Observations*
Authors: Kelly Kathryn A. , Thompson LuAnne , Lyman John 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Observations of thermosteric sea level (TSL) from hydrographic data, equivalent water thickness (EWT) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and altimetric sea surface height (SSH) are used to infer meridional heat transport (MHT) anomalies for the Atlantic Ocean. An “unknown control” version of a Kalman filter in each of eight regions extracts smooth estimates of heat transport convergence (HTC) from discrepancies between the response to monthly surface heat and freshwater fluxes and observed mass and heat content. Two models are used: model A using only the heat budget for 1993–2010 and model B using both heat and mass budgets for 2003–10. Based on the small contributions of mass to SSH, model A is rerun using SSH in place of TSL to improve temporal resolution and data consistency. Estimates of MHT are derived by summing the HTC from north to south assuming either negligible anomalies at 67°N or setting MHT to observed values near 40°N. Both methods show that MHT is highly coherent between 35°S and 40°N. The former method gives a large drop in coherence north of 40°N while the latter method gives a less dramatic drop. Estimated anomalies in MHT comparable to or larger than that recently observed at the Rapid Climate Change and Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID/MOCHA) line at 26.5°N have occurred multiple times in this 18-yr period. Positive anomalies in coherent MHT correspond to increased heat loss in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre demonstrating the feedback of oceanic heat transport anomalies on air–sea fluxes. A correlation of MHT with the Antarctic Oscillation suggests a southern source for the coherent MHT anomalies.
Two Years of Observations of Warm-Core Anticyclones in the Labrador Sea and Their Seasonal Cycle in Heat and Salt Stratification
Authors: de Jong M. F. , Bower A. S. , Furey H. H. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Between 25 September 2007 and 28 September 2009, a heavily instrumented mooring was deployed in the Labrador Sea, offshore of the location where warm-core, anticyclonic Irminger rings are formed. The 2-year time series offers insight into the vertical and horizontal structure of newly formed Irminger rings and their heat and salt transport into the interior basin. In 2 years, 12 Irminger rings passed by the mooring. Of these, 11 had distinct properties, while 1 anticyclone likely passed the mooring twice. Eddy radii (11–35 km) were estimated using the dynamic height signal of the anticyclones (8–18 cm) together with the observed velocities. The anticyclones show a seasonal cycle in core properties when observed (1.9°C in temperature and 0.07 in salinity at middepth) that has not been described before. The temperature and salinity are highest in fall and lowest in spring. Cold, fresh caps, suggested to be an important source of freshwater, were seen in spring but were almost nonexistent in fall. The heat and freshwater contributions by the Irminger rings show a large spread (from 12 to 108 MJ m−2 and from −0.5 to −4.7 cm, respectively) for two reasons. First, the large range of radii leads to large differences in transported volume. Second, the seasonal cycle leads to changes in heat and salt content per unit volume. This implies that estimates of heat and freshwater transport by eddies should take the distribution of eddy properties into account in order to accurately assess their contribution to the restratification.
Calibrations and Performance of the Airborne Cloud Extinction Probe
Authors: Korolev Alexei , Shashkov Alex , Barker Howard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new airborne instrument that measures extinction coefficient β in clouds and precipitation has been designed by Environment Canada. The cloud extinction probe (CEP) utilizes the transmissometric method, which is based on direct measurement of light attenuation between the transmitter and receiver. Transmissometers are known to be susceptible to forward scattering, which becomes increasingly significant as the particle size increases. A new technique for calibrating transmissometers was developed here in order to determine the response function of the probe. Laboratory calibrations show that CEP-derived β may be underestimated by a factor of 2 for circular particles with diameters greater than 100 μm. Results for spherical particles are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. For nonspherical particles, however, estimates of β can deviate significantly from those derived for spheres that have the same projected area. For in situ observations of ice particles, CEP measurements often deviate significantly from theoretical calculations, whereas for small cloud droplets agreement is good. It is hypothesized that CEP-derived estimates of β for ice clouds depend much on variations in the scattering phase function that arise from details in ice crystal surface roughness and fine crystal structure. This would complicate greatly the estimation of β from transmissometers for ice-bearing clouds.
Why Are Tropical Cyclone Tracks over the Western North Pacific Sensitive to the Cumulus Parameterization Scheme in Regional Climate Modeling? A Case Study for Megi (2010)
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhong Zhong , Lu Wei , Hu Yijia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting Model is employed to simulate Tropical Cyclone (TC) Megi (2010) using the Grell–Devenyi (GD) and Betts–Miller–Janjić (BMJ) cumulus parameterization schemes, respectively. The TC track can be well reproduced with the GD scheme, whereas it turns earlier than observations with the BMJ scheme. The physical mechanism behind different performances of the two cumulus parameterization schemes in the TC simulation is revealed. The failure in the simulation of the TC track with the BMJ scheme is attributed to the overestimation of anvil clouds, which extend far away from the TC center and reach the area of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). Such extensive anvil clouds, which result from the excessively deep convection in the eyewall, eventually lead to a large bias in microphysics latent heating. The warming of the upper troposphere due to the condensation in anvil clouds coupled with the cooling of the lower troposphere due to precipitation evaporation cause a weakening of the WPSH, which in turn is favorable for the early recurvature of Megi.
Staggered Vertical Discretization of the Canadian Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model Using a Coordinate of the Log-Hydrostatic-Pressure Type
Authors: Girard Claude , Plante André , Desgagné Michel , McTaggart-Cowan Ron , Côté Jean , Charron Martin , Gravel Sylvie , Lee Vivian , Patoine Alain , Qaddouri Abdessamad , Roch Michel , Spacek Lubos , Tanguay Monique , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Zadra Ayrton 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model is the Canadian atmospheric model used for meteorological forecasting at all scales. A limited-area version now also exists. It is a gridpoint model with an implicit semi-Lagrangian iterative space–time integration scheme. In the “horizontal,” the equations are written in spherical coordinates with the traditional shallow atmosphere approximations and are discretized on an Arakawa C grid. In the “vertical,” the equations were originally defined using a hydrostatic-pressure coordinate and discretized on a regular (unstaggered) grid, a configuration found to be particularly susceptible to noise. Among the possible alternatives, the Charney–Phillips grid, with its unique characteristics, and, as the vertical coordinate, log-hydrostatic pressure are adopted. In this paper, an attempt is made to justify these two choices on theoretical grounds. The resulting equations and their vertical discretization are described and the solution method of what is forming the new dynamical core of GEM is presented, focusing on these two aspects.
A Probabilistic Derivation of Heidke Skill Score
Authors: Hyvärinen Otto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
An alternative derivation of Heidke skill score for 2 × 2 tables is presented, starting from the assumption that a categorical forecast is useful, if the probability of an occurrence of an event, given the forecast, is greater than the base rate of the event. A tentative measure of skill would then be the difference of these probabilities, normalized by the maximum value based on the base rate. For binary events, the Heidke skill score is then the harmonic mean of these differences for both the occurrence and the nonoccurrence of the event. This derivation differs from the usual derivation in that the concept of chance agreement is not used. It is Bayesian in nature with implied updating of prior probabilities to posterior probabilities.
Peri-operative renal morbidity secondary to gentamicin and flucloxacillin chemoprophylaxis for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ross AD , Boscainos PJ , Malhas A , Wigderowitz C 
Published: November 2013

Introduction This retrospective cohort study uses serum creatinine levels to assess the effect of gentamicin and flucloxacillin on renal function in hip and knee arthroplasty patients. Methods Serum creatinine levels were recorded pre-operatively and at two points post-operatively (sample 1 and sample 2) for all patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Either cefuroxime, or gentamicin and flucloxacillin were used for chemoprophylaxis. The Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage classification was used to assess renal injury. Results The differences in mean percentage change between the two groups were 5.86% ( p = 0.077) and 11.34% ( p = 0.030) at sample 1 and sample 2, respectively. Two patients (1.62%) receiving cefuroxime were exposed to renal risk or worse at some point. A total of nine patients (6.04%) receiving flucloxacillin and gentamicin were exposed to renal risk. Of these, three (2.01%) sustained renal injury and two (1.34%) sustained renal failure. The risk of being exposed to renal risk was 3.75 times greater for the gentamicin and flucloxacillin group. The risks of sustaining a significant deterioration of renal function were 1.9 and 17 times greater for the gentamicin and flucloxacillin group at the first and second post-operative samples, respectively. Discussion Flucloxacillin and gentamicin significantly worsens renal function post-operatively compared with cefuroxime.
An epidemiological study of the association of coffee with chronic liver disease
Authors: Walton HB , Masterton GS , Hayes PC 
Published: November 2013

Background and aims Chronic liver disease affects 855 people per million in the UK. Previous studies have reported that coffee appears protective against the development of abnormal liver enzymes, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study, the first in a Scottish population, was to compare coffee consumption in patients with liver disease and that of control populations to determine correlations between coffee intake and the incidence of non-cancerous liver disease and with Child’s-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores. Methods and results Two hundred and eighty-six patients attending the liver outpatient department at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh completed a questionnaire regarding coffee consumption and lifestyle factors. Control questionnaires were also completed by 100 orthopaedic outpatients and 120 medical students. Patients with cirrhosis ( n = 95) drank significantly less coffee than those without cirrhosis ( p = <0.001). There was no correlation between Child’s-Pugh (−0.018) and MELD scores (−0.132) with coffee consumption. Conclusion Coffee drinking is associated with a reduced prevalence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of coffee drunk by liver patients and the control groups. It is possible that by changing the amount of coffee drunk, the development of cirrhosis in liver disease could be postponed.
Total knee replacement in patients with haemophilia: the Scottish experience
Authors: Jenkins PJ , Ekrol I , Lawson GM 
Published: November 2013

Introduction Patients with haemophilia commonly develop arthropathy secondary to recurrent haemarthroses. Although modern treatment with replacement coagulation factors has reduced the prevalence of end-stage arthropathy, total joint replacement is still required in a small group of patients. These patients may be at higher risk of complications and the outcome of surgery may not be comparable to reports of outcomes of total joint replacement in the general population. The purpose of this study was to describe the change in function in patients undergoing total knee replacement for haemophilic arthropathy. Patients and methods Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in a tertiary centre had prospective evaluations of patient reported outcome measures and range of movement. Their post-operative function was evaluated in a combined orthopaedic–haematology clinic. Eight male patients underwent 13 total knee replacements from 1999 to 2007 and were followed up for a median of 78 months (range 17–116). Results The median Oxford knee score improved from 45.5 pre-operatively to 28 ( p = 0.049). There was a similar improvement in SF-12 physical ( p = 0.017) and Knee Society scores (objective p = 0.001; function p = 0.002). Four total knee replacements were performed in patients with inhibitor antibodies and were treated with recombinant activated factor VIIa. These patients had reduced range of movement ( p = 0.047). No patients suffered deep infection. Conclusions Total knee replacement in patients with haemophiliac arthropathy resulted in improvement in range of movement and function. The presence of factor VIII inhibitors resulted in reduced range of movement, but similar patient reported outcome measures.
Neurology liaison services in the acute medical receiving unit
Authors: Morrison I , Jamdar R , Shah P , Fisher M , Leach JP 
Published: November 2013

Introduction Guidelines from the Association of British Neurologists and National Health Service Quality Improvement Scotland suggest that neurologists should be involved in the early management of patients presenting to hospital with acute neurological illness. Aim We chose to evaluate whether regular neurology review in an acute medical receiving unit in a busy city hospital was feasible, and whether it would have an impact on patient care. Methods Over a 5-week period from Monday to Friday, all neurology patients admitted to an acute medical receiving unit were identified and all headaches and blackouts were reviewed. Results Fourteen (24%) were headache patients, 37 (63%) presumed seizure and 8 (13%) had another neurological illness. Diagnosis was made by the admitting physician in six headache patients (43%). The remaining eight headache patients were diagnosed by the visiting neurologist and two physician diagnoses were revised. The diagnosis made by the admitting physician was clarified by the visiting neurologist in 13 blackout patients (35%) and nine other diagnoses were revised (24%). Appropriate outpatient follow-up or transfer was arranged. Conclusion These results suggest that a daily neurology review service is useful in medical receiving units by clarifying diagnoses, directing tests and limiting inappropriate follow-up.