bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Conférence de Rio sur le développement durable (Conférence de Rio + 20) : révolution ou évolution de la gouvernance internationale de l’environnement ?
Authors: Lavallée Sophie , Woitrin Pierre 
Published: July 2015

Toute réflexion sur la gouvernance internationale de l’environnement et sur l’opportunité de créer une organisation internationale de l’environnement ne peut se résumer à un débat sur l’institution en tant que telle. Ce serait oublier les enjeux les plus déterminants du débat, lesquels portent davantage sur la façon d’assurer l’efficacité des accords et de renforcer leur légitimité et leur prise en considération dans les autres compétences de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), mais également dans l’ensemble du système économique mondial. Quelles sont les réformes institutionnelles les mieux à même d’assurer l’efficacité de l’action collective dans la résolution des problèmes environnementaux globaux ? On sait que le passage du General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) à une Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) a permis de réformer l’organe de règlement des différends, ce qui a eu un effet déterminant sur l’efficacité et le respect des accords commerciaux. Peut-on réfléchir de la même manière pour ce qui est de la création d’une organisation internationale de l’environnement ? Dans quelle mesure et quelles conditions une telle organisation pourrait-elle renforcer les accords multilatéraux sur l’environnement (AME) et, partant, l’engagement des États vers un développement durable ? En convoquant la Conférence de Rio + 20, qui avait non seulement pour thème l’économie verte, mais également le cadre institutionnel du développement durable, l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies voulait susciter un engagement politique renouvelé en faveur du développement durable. Au regard des faiblesses de la gouvernance internationale de l’environnement sur le plan de la coordination, du renforcement des capacités des pays en développement (PED), de la légitimité et de l’autorité des institutions qui participent à cette gouvernance, la déclaration diplomatique finale de la Conférence de Rio + 20, intitulée « L’avenir que nous voulons », contient-elle des engagements politiques susceptibles d’insuffler des améliorations notables à la gouvernance internationale de l’environnement ? Porte-t-elle en germe des avancées vers la création d’une organisation internationale de l’environnement ?
Health Insurance Enrollment Among US Veterans, 2010-2021
Authors: Wagner Todd H. , Schmidt Anna , Belli Forest , Aouad Marion , Gehlert Elizabeth , Desai Malav , Graham Laura , Rose Liam 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceDepartment of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care spending has increased in the past decade, in part due to legislative changes that expanded access to VA-purchased care.ObjectiveTo understand how insurance coverage and enrollment in VA has changed between 2010 and 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from surveys conducted from 2010 to 2021. Participants were respondents across 4 national surveys who reported being a US veteran and reported on health insurance enrollment. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to June 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSelf-reported health insurance coverage, reliance on VA insurance, and self-reported health.ResultsAmong a total of 3 644 614 survey respondents (mean [SE] age, 60 [0.04] years; 91.3% [95% CI, 91.2%-91.5%] male) included, 52.2% (95% CI, 52.0%-52.4%) were out of the labor market and 63.1% (95% CI, 62.9%-63.3%) were married. In 2010, 94% of all veterans and 94% of veterans younger than age 65 years reported having health insurance coverage on the American Community Survey. Insurance enrollment increased over time, and by 2020, 97% of all veterans and 95% of veterans younger than 65 years reported having health insurance coverage on the American Community Survey. Insurance enrollment estimates were similar across the surveys. Approximately one-third of veterans reported being enrolled in VA health coverage. Of those who enrolled in VA insurance, more than 75% had more than 1 form of coverage, with Medicare and private insurance being the most common second insurance sources. VA insurance enrollment was negatively associated with income and health status. Veterans without insurance tended to be unemployed and younger.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study of veterans who responded to 4 national surveys found that veterans enrolled in VA health coverage had high rates of dual coverage. Further legislative efforts to increase access without recognizing the high rates of dual coverage may yield unintended consequences, such payer shifting.
Paid Family Leave and Prevention of Acute Respiratory Infections in Young Infants
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Janevic Teresa , Strumpf Erin C. , Nandi Arijit , Ortiz Justin R. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceAcute respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of emergency department visits and hospitalizations in US children, with highest risks in the first 2 months after birth. Out-of-home childcare settings increase the spread of respiratory tract infections. The study team hypothesized that access to state-paid family leave could reduce acute care encounters (hospital admissions or emergency department visits) for respiratory tract infections in young infants by reducing out-of-home childcare transmissions.ObjectiveTo determine if the 2018 introduction of paid family leave in New York state reduced acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections in infants 8 weeks or younger.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based study of acute care encounters took place in New York state and New England control states (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont) from October 2015 through February 2020. Participants included infants aged 8 weeks or younger. Controlled time series analysis using Poisson regression was used to estimate the impact of paid family leave on acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections, comparing observed counts during respiratory virus season (October through March) with those predicted in the absence of the policy. Acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections in 1-year-olds (who would not be expected to benefit as directly from the policy) were modeled as a placebo test.InterventionNew York State Paid Family Leave policy, introduced on January 1, 2018, providing 8 weeks of paid leave for eligible parents.Main Outcomes and MeasuresEmergency department visits or hospitalizations with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD) codes for upper or lower respiratory tract infections or associated symptoms (ie, fever, cough), excluding newborn hospitalizations. The secondary outcome was acute care encounters for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.ResultsThere were 52 943 acute care encounters for respiratory infection among infants 8 weeks or younger. There were 15 932 encounters that were hospitalizations (30%) and 33 304 of the encounters were paid for by Medicaid (63%). Encounters were 18% lower than predicted (relative percentage change = −17.9; 95% CI, −20.3 to −15.7) after the introduction of paid family leave. RSV encounters were 27.0% lower (95% CI, −30.9 to −23.5) than predicted. Similar reductions were not observed in 1-year-olds (relative percentage change = −1.5; 95% CI, −2.5 to −0.6).ConclusionsNew York state’s paid family leave policy was associated with reduced acute care encounters for respiratory tract infections in young infants. These findings may be useful for informing implementation of paid family leave federally and in the states that have not enacted paid family leave policies.
Low‐Cost Tin Oxide Transparent Conductive Films for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Jiacheng , Li Shuhan , Cui Yuhan , Zhou Yurong , Guo Wanwu , Hu Yan , Xing Yansi , Zhou Yuqin , Liu Fengzhen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIndium‐based transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films are widely used in various photoelectric devices including silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. However, high cost of indium‐based TCO films is not conducive to mass production of the SHJ solar cells. A variety of indium‐free or indium‐less TCOs are explored and utilized presently. Here, SnOx films are deposited by reactive plasma deposition (RPD) with metal tin as the evaporation source. The metal‐reaction deposited SnOx films feature low resistivity (<2 × 10−3 Ω cm), high mobility (35.93 cm2 V−1 S−1), and wide optical bandgap (3.64 eV). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.33% is achieved on the champion SHJ solar cell using the metal‐reaction deposited SnOx as the back TCO layer, which indicates the application potential of the metal‐reaction‐deposited SnOx as a low‐cost substitute for In‐based TCOs in SHJ solar cells and other photoelectric devices.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Quantum Wires and Nanorods
Authors: Zhang Qianpeng , Zhang Daquan , Liao Zebing , Cao Yang Bryan , Kumar Mallem , Poddar Swapnadeep , Han Junchao , Hu Ying , Lv Hualiang , Mo Xiaoliang , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerovskite materials, celebrated for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, have seen extensive application in the field of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), where research is as abundant as the proverbial “carloads of books.” In this review, the research of perovskite materials is delved into from a dimensional perspective, with a focus on the exemplary performance of low‐dimensional perovskite materials in LEDs. This discussion predominantly revolves around perovskite quantum wires and perovskite nanorods. Perovskite quantum wires are versatile in their growth, compatible with both solution‐based and vapor‐phase growth, and can be deposited over large areas—even on spherical substrates—to achieve commendable electroluminescence (EL). Perovskite nanorods, on the other hand, boast a suite of superior characteristics, such as polarization properties and tunability of the transition dipole moment, endowing them with the great potential to enhance light extraction efficiency. Furthermore, zero‐dimensional (0D) perovskite materials like nanocrystals (NCs) are also the subject of widespread research and application. This review reflects on and synthesizes the unique qualities of the aforementioned materials while exploring their vital roles in the development of high‐efficiency perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs).
Achieving Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Amphiphilic Bromonaphthalimide Pyridinium Hierarchical Assembly
Authors: Song Qi , Liu Zhenliang , Li Jinwei , Sun Yongbin , Ge Yanqing , Dai Xian‐Yin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphorescent supramolecular hydrogels are currently a prevalent topic for their great promise in various photonic applications. Herein, an efficient near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescence supramolecular hydrogel is reported via the hierarchical assembly strategy in aqueous solution, which is fabricated from amphiphilic bromonaphthalimide pyridinium derivative (G), exfoliated Laponite (LP) nanosheets, and polymeric polyacrylamide (PAAm). Initially, G spontaneously self‐aggregates into spherical nanoparticles covered with positively charged pyridinium units and emits single fluorescence at 410 nm. Driven by electrostatic interactions with negatively charged nanosheets, the nanoparticles subsequently function as the cross‐linked binders and coassemble with LP into supramolecular hydrogels with an engendered red room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) up to 620 nm. Benefiting from hydrogen‐bonding interactions‐mediated physical cross‐linkage, the further introduction of PAAm not only significantly elevates the mechanical strength of the hydrogels showing fast self‐healing capability, but also increases phosphorescence lifetime from 2.49 to 4.20 ms, especially generating phosphorescence at even higher temperature (τ
363 K = 2.46 ms). Additionally, efficient RTP energy transfer occurs after doping a small amount of organic dye heptamethine cyanine (IR780) as an acceptor into hydrogels, resulting in a long‐lived NIR emission at 823 nm with a high donor/acceptor ratio, which is successfully applied for cell labeling in the NIR window.
Estimation and determinants of transient and persistent efficiency of rice production in Spain
Authors: Monje Juan Hernán Cabas , Sepulveda Ricardo‐Andrés Troncoso , Guesmi Bouali , Taghouti Ibtissem , Gil José María 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRice is a basic component in the diet of more than half of the world's population, with 95% of its production destined for human consumption. Spain is the second rice producer in the European Union (EU), geographically located in four autonomous communities contributing to the local economy. This study aims at assessing the productive efficiency of rice farms in this country. To our knowledge, no previous work has dealt with the performance of rice framers in the EU in general and in Spain in particular. We used the Generalized True Ramdom‐effects model to estimate the persistent and transient efficiency levels of farms and identifying the production risk factors using a sample of 158 rice farms over the period 2014–2017. Empirical findings reveal an overall efficiency level of 0.81 on average, mainly explained by the long‐term efficiency component. Moreover, results show an important room for efficiency improvement at the short‐term to enhance productive management skills of farmers. Finally, labor, fertilizer, water and insurance spending are likely to be risk‐decreasing factors. [EconLit Citations: C13, D22, Q12].
Isofunctional but Structurally Different Methyltransferases for Dithiolopyrrolone Diversification
Authors: Su Li , Huber Eva M. , Westphalen Margaretha , Gellner Jonas , Bode Edna , Köbel Tania , Grün Peter , Alanjary Mohammad M. , Glatter Timo , Cirnski Katarina , Müller Rolf , Schindler Daniel , Groll Michael , Bode Helge B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDithiolopyrrolone (DTP) natural products are produced by several different bacteria and have potent antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. While the amide of their DTP core can be methylated to fine‐tune bioactivity, the enzyme responsible for the amide N‐methylation has remained elusive in most taxa. Here, we identified the amide methyltransferase XrdM that is responsible for xenorhabdin (XRD) methylation in Xenorhabdus doucetiae but encoded outside of the XRD gene cluster. XrdM turned out to be isofunctional with the recently reported methyltransferase DtpM, that is involved in the biosynthesis of the DTP thiolutin, although its X‐ray structure is unrelated to that of DtpM. To investigate the structural basis for ligand binding in both enzymes, we used X‐ray crystallography, modeling, site‐directed mutagenesis, and kinetic activity assays. Our study expands the limited knowledge of post‐non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) amide methylation in DTP biosynthesis and reveals an example of convergent evolution of two structurally completely different enzymes for the same reaction in different organisms.
Oligo‐Adenine Derived Secondary Nucleic Acid Frameworks: From Structural Characteristics to Applications
Authors: Hu Yuwei , Willner Itamar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOligo‐adenine (polyA) is primarily known for its critical role in mRNA stability, translational status, and gene regulation. Beyond its biological functions, extensive research has unveiled the diverse applications of polyA. In response to environmental stimuli, single polyA strands undergo distinctive structural transitions into diverse secondary configurations, which are reversible upon the introduction of appropriate counter‐triggers. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances of noncanonical structures derived from polyA, including A‐motif duplex, A‐cyanuric acid triplex, A‐coralyne‐A duplex, and T ⋅ A‐T triplex. The structural characteristics and mechanisms underlying these conformations under specific external stimuli are addressed, followed by examples of their applications in stimuli‐responsive DNA hydrogels, supramolecular fibre assembly, molecular electronics and switches, biosensing and bioengineering, payloads encapsulation and release, and others. A detailed comparison of these polyA‐derived noncanonical structures is provided, highlighting their distinctive features. Furthermore, by integrating their stimuli‐responsiveness and conformational characteristics, advanced material development, such as pH‐cascaded DNA hydrogels and supramolecular fibres exhibiting dynamic structural transitions adapting environmental cues, are introduced. An outlook for future developments is also discussed. These polyA derived, stimuli‐responsive, noncanonical structures enrich the arsenal of DNA “toolbox”, offering dynamic DNA frameworks for diverse future applications.
Experimental Observation of a Terminal Borylene‐Dinitrogen Adduct via Cleavage of a 1,2,3,4,5‐Diboratriazoline
Authors: Jayaraman Arumugam , Ritschel Benedikt , Arrowsmith Merle , Markl Christian , Jürgensen Malte , Halkić Anel , Konrad Yannick , Stoy Andreas , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile azides do not react with simple alkenes except under harsh conditions, a diboron alkene analogue, the doubly cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized dicyanodiborene 1, reacts spontaneously with organic azides (7–10 equiv.) at room temperature to yield two equivalents of stable CAAC‐imino(cyano)boranes (2‐R). NMR‐spectroscopic monitoring of the reaction mixtures shows the initial formation of a 1 : 1 mixture of 2‐R and a relatively long‐lived intermediate (Int), which in the presence of excess azide is converted into a second equivalent of 2‐R. In the absence of excess azide, however, Int decomposes to 3, the product of an intramolecular C−H activation by a putative dicoordinate borylene intermediate “(CAAC)B(CN)”. Mechanistic insights from trapping experiments, NMR‐spectroscopic and high‐resolution mass spectrometry data, as well as DFT computations reveal that Int is the terminal borylene end‐on‐dinitrogen adduct [(CAAC)B(CN)(η1‐N2)]. The formation of the iminoboranes 2‐R from diborene 1 and RN3 proceeds via an azide‐diborene Huisgen‐type [3+2] cycloaddition reaction, followed by a retro‐[3+2] cycloaddition, yielding 2‐R and [(CAAC)B(CN)(η1‐N2)]. The latter then undergoes either N2 extrusion and intramolecular C−H activation to generate 3, or a Staudinger‐type reaction with a second equivalent of azide to generate a second equivalent of the iminoborane 2‐R.
3D printing cross‐scale mold for manufacturing micromixers
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Yexin , Li Mingzhen , Du Fan , Wang Chao , Fang Junyang , Sun Long , Wang Xiaoying , Ruan Dianbo , Shi Jun , Li Jinbang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNowadays, the methods of manufacturing microfluidic mixers were not flexible enough to customize and manufacture special sizes. Hence, a novel electrohydrodynamic jet printing method was proposed to fabricate cross‐scale mold for manufacturing micromixers in one step. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composite ink was prepared, and various printing parameters were investigated for fabricating varieties of 2D structures and 3D regular molds. A cross‐scale spiral mixer was successfully printed, various diameter ratio of 5.6, aspect ratio of 7.2. The PVP/PCL lines were direct printed, size of 66 nm deep and 743 nm wide. The circles were size of 564 nm deep and 7.02 μm wide. The mixing conditions of micromixers with different width ratios were simulated and analyzed; and the better mixing effect of micromixers with width ratio of 2:1 was proved, improved the mixing efficiency by 15.6% compared with micromixer without cross‐scale channels. The cross‐scale micromixers are promising for skin chip sensor and drug metabolite analysis, and the printing method proposed in this paper has great application potential in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS).
Histological comparison of shark dermis across various ecomorphologies
Authors: Schuitema Olivia , Motta Phillip J. , Gelsleichter James , Horton Mackenzie , Habegger Maria Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe integument plays essential roles in the structural support, protection, and hydrodynamic capability among fishes. Most research on shark skin has focused on the external epidermal layer, while the larger dermis anchoring the dermal denticles has been mostly ignored. Shark dermis is composed of two layers, the upper stratum laxum and the lower stratum compactum, holding supportive collagen and elastic fibers. There may be morphological and compositional differences in the dermis across various species of sharks that could relate to their different swimming modes and ecologies. The goal of this study was to characterize and describe the dermis among three shark species, Ginglymostoma cirratum, Sphyrna mokarran, and Isurus oxyrinchus, each representing a different swimming mode. Histological characterizations were performed at 16 locations along the body of each shark; variables such as dermal thickness, abundance of collagen and elastic fibers, and fiber size were quantified. Results showed G. cirratum has the thickest skin overall, and the largest fiber size for both collagen and elastic fibers, with overall patterns of increased amounts of collagen fibers and decreased amount of elastic fibers. At the opposite end of the spectrum, I. oxyrinchus showed the thinnest dermis along the flank region, with overall patterns of increased elastic fibers and decreased collagen fibers. These findings may challenge our original assumptions of a rigid body in fast moving sharks and a more flexible body in slower moving sharks and highlight the diversity of the shark integument.
Increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid accumulation in the microalga Golenkinia brevispicula (Chlorophyceae) by manipulating spectral irradiance and salinity
Authors: Rearte T. A. , Celis‐Pla P. S. M. , Abdala‐Díaz R. , Castro‐Varela P. , Marsili S. N. , García C. , Cerón‐García M. C. , Figueroa F. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroalgal biotechnology offers a promising platform for the sustainable production of diverse renewable bioactive compounds. The key distinction from other microbial bioprocesses lies in the critical role that light plays in cultures, as it serves as a source of environmental information to control metabolic processes. Therefore, we can use these criteria to design a bioprocess that aims to stimulate the accumulation of target molecules by controlling light exposure. We study the effect on biochemical and photobiological responses of Golenkinia brevispicula FAUBA‐3 to the exposition of different spectral irradiances (specifically, high‐fluence PAR of narrow yellow spectrum complemented with low intensity of monochromatic radiations of red, blue, and UV‐A) under prestress and salinity stress conditions. High light (HL) intensity coupled to salinity stress affected the photosynthetic activity and photoprotection mechanisms as shown by maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQmax) reduction, respectively. HL treatments combined with the proper dose of UV‐A radiation under salinity stress induced the highest carotenoid content (2.75 mg g dry weight [DW]−1) composed mainly of lutein and β‐carotene, and the highest lipid accumulation (35.3% DW) with the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content (alpha‐linolenic acid (C18:3) and linoleic acid (C18:2)). Our study can guide the strategies for commercial indoor production of G. brevispicula for high‐value metabolites.