bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and Stroke Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Li Weiqin , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Horswell Ronald , Zhang Yonggang , Zhao Wenhui , Wang Yujie , Johnson Jolene , Hu Gang 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies have evaluated the association of body mass index (BMI) with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among diabetic patients, and results were controversial. No studies have focused on the association between BMI and stroke risk among diabetic patients. We aimed to examine the association of BMI with stroke risk among diabetic patients.

Methods—
We performed a prospective cohort study with 29 554 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of different levels of BMI with stroke risk.

Results—

During a mean follow-up period of 8.3 years, 2883 participants developed stroke (2821 ischemic and 109 hemorrhagic). The multivariable-adjusted (age, sex, race, smoking, income, and type of insurance) hazard ratios associated with different levels of BMI at baseline (18.5–24.9 [reference group], 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and ≥40 kg/m
2
) were 1.00, 0.86, 0.83, 0.76, and 0.70 (
P
trend
<0.001) for total stroke, 1.00, 0.87, 0.85, 0.78, and 0.72 (
P
trend
<0.001) for ischemic stroke, and 1.00, 0.76, 0.72, 0.54, and 0.53 (
P
trend
=0.034) for hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. When we used an updated mean or the last visit value of BMI, the inverse association of BMI with stroke risk did not change. This inverse association was consistent among patients of different races, sex, ages, HbA1c levels, never and current smoking, and patients with and without using glucose-lowering, cholesterol-lowering, or antihypertensive agents.

Conclusions—
The present study demonstrates an inverse association between BMI and stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
‘Freedom of Discussion Inside the Party Is Absolutely Necessary’
Authors: Wilde Florian 
Published: December 2014

Despite being ‘one of the most notable leaders of the German Communist movement’, Ernst Meyer (1887–1930) remains relatively unknown. Prior to the online publication of the author’s PhD dissertation – an extensive 666-page biography of Meyer – there existed beyond two short biographies – an informative political autobiography from Meyer’s wife Rosa Meyer-Leviné and an essay by Hermann Weber published in 1968 – and some recent texts from the author, no other publications dealing closely with his life and work. Of these, only Meyer-Leviné’s biography has been published in English.
Meyer played a major role in the left wing of the German labour movement, beginning in 1908 when he joined the German Social-Democratic Party (spd) until his death over twenty years later. A friend and collaborator of Rosa Luxemburg, he was also one of the founding and leading members of the International Group and its successor, the Spartacus League, in which the radical, anti-war wing of Social Democracy organised itself after the outbreak of World War i. He represented both of these groups as a delegate to the international conferences of anti-war socialists at Zimmerwald (1915) and Kienthal (1916). Elected to the kpd’s Zentrale at the party’s founding conference, Meyer remained a member of the leadership almost continuously in the years to come, occupying various leading positions. He also represented the party at the Second and Fourth World-Congresses of the Communist International (1920 and 1922).
The Attribution of Land–Atmosphere Interactions on the Seasonal Predictability of Drought
Authors: Roundy Joshua K. , Wood Eric F. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Drought has significant social and economic impacts that could be reduced by preparations made possible through seasonal prediction. During the convective season, when the potential of extreme drought is the highest, the soil moisture can provide a means of improved predictability through land–atmosphere interactions. In the past decade, there has been a significant amount of work aimed at better understanding the predictability of land–atmosphere interactions. One such approach classifies the interactions between the land and the atmosphere into coupling states. The coupling states have been shown to be persistent and were used to demonstrate the existence of strong biases in the coupling of the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2). In this work, the attribution of the coupling state on the seasonal prediction of precipitation and temperature and the extent to which the bias in the coupling state hinders the prediction of drought is analyzed. This analysis combines the predictions from statistical models with the predictions from CFSv2 as a means to isolate and attribute the predictability. The results indicate that the intermountain region is a hotspot for seasonal prediction because of local persistence of initial conditions. In addition, the local persistence of initial conditions provides some level of drought prediction; however, accounting for the spatial interactions provides a more complete prediction. Furthermore, the statistical models provide more skillful predictions of precipitation during drought than the CFSv2; however, the CFSv2 predictions are more skillful for daily maximum temperature during drought. The implication, limitations, and extensions of this work are also discussed.
Evaluation of Drifter Salinities in the Subtropical North Atlantic
Authors: Hormann Verena , Centurioni Luca R. , Reverdin Gilles 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSalinity measurements from drifters constitute an important in situ dataset for the calibration and validation of the sea surface salinity satellite missions. A total of 114 satellite-tracked salinity drifters were deployed within the framework of the first Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) experiment in the subtropical North Atlantic focusing on the period August 2012–April 2014. In this study, a subset of 83 drifters, which provided useful salinity measurements in the central SPURS region from a few weeks to more than one year, is evaluated and an ad hoc quality-control procedure based on previously published work and the new observations is described. It was found that the sampling algorithm of the drifters introduces a predominantly fresh bias in the noise level of the salinity data, probably caused by the presence of air bubbles within the measuring cell. Since such noise is difficult to eliminate using statistical methods, extensive editing was done manually instead. Such quality-control procedures cannot be routinely applied to the real-time data stream from the drifters. Therefore, a revision of the sampling algorithm of the drifter’s salinity sensor is needed. Comparisons of the drifter’s salinity measurements with independent datasets further indicate that the sensor can provide reliable observations for up to one year. Finally, little evidence was found that the quality of the drifter’s salinity measurements depends on the presence of the drogue.
Impact of vitamin D replacement in patients with normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism and coexisting vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Das Gautam , Eligar Vinay , Govindan Jyothish , Bondugulapati LNR , Okosieme Onyebuchi , Davies Steve 
Published: December 2014

Background Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism but some clinicians are reluctant to replace vitamin D due to concerns with aggravating hypercalcaemia. We investigated the impact of vitamin D repletion in asymptomatic patients with normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 111 patients with elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations (>6.4 pmol/L) referred to our endocrine clinic between January and December 2012; we identified 39 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency, i.e. 25 hydroxy vitamin D <20  µg/L. Patients were categorized into normocalcaemic (n = 23) and hypercalcaemic (n = 16) groups and the impact on biochemical parameters was recorded after at least six months treatment with either 1600 or 3200 units daily of cholecalciferol. Results Both normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic groups showed a rise in 25 hydroxy vitamin D concentrations after replacement (p <0.0001). Parathyroid hormone concentrations fell in the normocalcaemic group (p = 0.08) but individually, five patients showed a rise (8–38% of baseline). In the hypercalcaemic group, parathyroid hormone remained static but the adjusted calcium concentration fell significantly (p = 0.006) except in two patients who showed mild rises (3 and 6%, respectively). There was no deterioration in renal function or calcium-related adverse events in any of the groups. Conclusions Our study supports the safety of vitamin D replacement in patients with mild asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism and coexistent vitamin D deficiency. Repletion does not aggravate hypercalcaemia and may limit disease progression. Patients with normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism need further characterization from longitudinal studies.
Trust and quality of life: A cross-sectional study of young women
Authors: Salehi Asiyeh , Harris Neil , Coyne Elisabeth , Sebar Bernadette 
Published: December 2014

Background: Trust is increasingly identified as a psychosocial determinant of well-being. However the relationship between trust and well-being outcomes has not been comprehensively examined, particularly in socially and economically transitioning countries such as Iran and among young women. Aims: This cross-sectional study examined the association between trust and the quality of life of young Iranian women. Methods: A total of 391 young Iranian women aged between 18 and 35 years ( M: 27.3, standard deviation ( SD): 4.8) were recruited through cluster convenience sampling to participate in this cross-sectional study. The measures used included the ‘Trust scale’ adapted from the British General Household Survey (GHS) Social Capital scale, and the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire - brief version). Results: The participants ( n = 391, mean age of 27 years) reported a relatively low level of trust. For the participants, trust was positively associated with better quality of life ( r = .24, p value: .01). The findings also showed that there is a significant difference between socio-demographic factors such as the level of religiosity, occupation and income with the domains of trust. Conclusion: Policies are needed to improve participation and reciprocity at the level of individuals and informal social groups, including local to broader communities in order to increase the sense of community belonging, improving trust and consequently quality of life.
A case report of dexmedetomidine used to treat intractable pain and delirium in a tertiary palliative care unit
Authors: Hilliard Neil , Brown Stuart , Mitchinson Steve 
Published: December 2014

Background: This case report describes an end-stage cancer patient with intractable neuropathic pain and delirium who was successfully managed during the last 3 weeks of her life with a continuous subcutaneous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Case presentation: A 55-year-old woman with locally advanced cervical cancer and uncontrolled pelvic pain was admitted to a tertiary palliative care unit for pain management. As her disease progressed, the patient’s pelvic pain intensified despite treatment with methadone, gabapentin, ketamine, and hydromorphone administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion plus frequent breakthrough doses of hydromorphone and sufentanil. Case management: A continuous subcutaneous infusion of dexmedetomidine was started and titrated to achieve pain relief. Case outcome: The patient’s pain and delirium cleared. The treatment was successful in fulfilling the patient’s goal of care: not to be deeply and continuously sedated, but to be rousable and of clear mind while still having good pain control. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a potentially useful medication for the targeted treatment of intractable pain and delirium in the tertiary palliative care environment. Future research is required to compare dexmedetomidine infusion to standard treatment with midazolam infusion for treatment of intractable symptoms in the palliative care environment.
Dynamin 2–dependent endocytosis is required for normal megakaryocyte development in mice
Authors: Bender Markus , Giannini Silvia , Grozovsky Renata , Jönsson Terese , Christensen Hilary , Pluthero Fred G. , Ko Amy , Mullally Ann , Kahr Walter H. A. , Hoffmeister Karin M. , Falet Hervé 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
DNM2-dependent endocytosis in MKs regulates megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and bone marrow homeostasis.
Simultaneous capture of the color and topography of paintings using fringe encoded stereo vision
Authors: Zaman Tim , Jonker Pieter , Lenseigne Boris , Dik Joris 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Paintings are versatile near-planar objects with material characteristics that vary widely. The fact that paint has a material presence is often overlooked, mostly due to the fact that we encounter many of these artworks through two dimensional reproductions. The capture of paintings in the third dimension is not only interesting for study, restoration and conservation, but it also facilitates making three dimensional reproductions through novel 3-D printing methods. No single imaging method is ideally suited to capture the painting’s color and topography and each of them have specific drawbacks. We have therefore designed an efficient hybrid imaging system dedicated to capturing paintings in both color and topography with a high resolution.

Results
A hybrid solution between fringe projection and stereo imaging is proposed involving two cameras and a projector. Fringe projection is aided by sparse stereo matching to serve as an image encoder. These encoded images processed by the stereo cameras then help solve the correspondence problem in stereo matching, leading to a dense and accurate topographical map, while simultaneously capturing its color. Through high-end cameras, special lenses and filters we capture a surface area of 170 square centimeter with an in-plane effective resolution of 50 micron and a depth precision of 9 micron. Semi-automated positioning of the system and data stitching consequently allows for the capture of larger surfaces. The capture of the 2 square meter big Jewish Bride by Rembrandt yielded 1 billion 3-D points.

Conclusion
The reproductive properties of the imaging system are conform the digitization guidelines for cultural heritage. The data has enabled us to make high resolution 3-D prints of the works by Rembrandt and Van Gogh we have captured, and confirms that the system performs well in capturing both the color and depth information.
Impact of retinoic acid exposure on midfacial shape variation and manifestation of holoprosencephaly inTwisted gastrulationmutant mice
Authors: Billington, Junior Charles J. , Schmidt Brian , Marcucio Ralph S. , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Gopalakrishnan Rajaram , Petryk Anna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHoloprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental anomaly characterized by inadequate or absent midline division of the embryonic forebrain and midline facial defects. It is believed that gene-environment interactions play a role in the widely variable penetrance and expressivity of HPE, although a direct investigation of such effects has been limited. The goal of this study was to examine if mice carrying a mutation in a gene encoding a BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation (Twsg1) associated with a low penetrance of HPE are sensitized to retinoic acid (RA) teratogenesis. Pregnant Twsg1+/- dams were treated by gavage with a low dose of all-trans RA (3.75 mg/kg). Embryos were analyzed between E9.5 and E11.5 by microscopy and geometric morphometric analysis by microCT. P19 embryonal carcinoma cells were used to examine potential mechanisms mediating combined effects of increased BMP and retinoid signaling. While only 7% of wild type embryos exposed to RA showed overt HPE or neural tube defects (NTD), 100% of Twsg1 null mutants exposed to RA manifested severe HPE compared to 17% without RA. Remarkably, up to 30% of Twsg1+/- mutants also showed HPE (23%) or NTD (7%). The majority of shape variation among Twsg1+/- mutants was associated with narrowing of the midface. In P19 cells, RA induced the expression of Bmp2, acted in concert with BMP to increase p53 expression, caspase activation, and oxidative stress. This study provides direct evidence for modifying effects of the environment in a genetic mouse model carrying a predisposing mutation for HPE in the Twsg1 gene. Further study of the mechanisms underlying these gene-environment interactions in vivo will contribute to better understanding of the pathogenesis of birth defects and present an opportunity to explore potential preventive interventions.
To the question of philosophical-culturological basis of humanitarian study of socio-political processes
Authors: Кортунов Вадим , Kortunov Vadim , Шекелета Владислав , Shekeleta Vladislav 
Published: December 2014

The article substantiates the possibility of&#180;socio- humanitarian assessment of political processes in the context of philosophical and culturological discourse. The authors advance a conception of socio-humanitarian study which in its turn is constituted by the principles of humanitarian assessment based on the objective-ontological comprehension of morality. Moral evaluations, values and regulations are considered in the context of &#34;archetype &#34; concept and involving the theory of historical-cultural interpretation of the nature of social consciousness. According to this, it is the authors&#180; opinion that the most appropriate methodological approach to the humanitarian assessment is the approach that is based on the comprehension of the archetypal nature of all fundamental moral values that underlie the humanitarian assessment.
According to the opinion of the authors, the proposed conception of the socio-humanitarian study can serve as an alternative to the western liberal paradigm of assessment of sociocultural and political phenomena, based on the principles of the international law and unified panhuman values. The feature of the proposed conception is that it takes into account, on the one hand, the so-called &#34;common human values&#34; on which is based the existence of the civilization, on the other hand — the peculiarity of a certain sociocultural commonality expressed in spiritual, cultural and psychologicalphenomena of&#180;nation&#180;s, people&#180;s andcountry&#180;s life. At the same time, both are derived from archetypal cultural and psychological universals.
So, archetypes — transcultural and overindividual matrices, thinking, sense and meaning patterns, peculiar regulations of consciousness activity — serve as conceptual meaning of values which, according to the authors, underlie the socio-humanitarian assessment. The collective unconscious keeps cultural models, mythological and religious images. Acting in this manner in human consciousness, it represents a structure which is responsible for moral evaluation, as long as any evaluation as well as norms of behavior and activity are embedded at the pre- (or super-) reflective level of both individual and collective consciousness.
Development of the cluster form of spatial organization for the territory in tourism
Authors: Czyi-Gwiazda Ewa , Czyi-Gwiazda Ewa , Швец Ирина , Shvets Irina , Demczuk Marek , Demczuk Marek 
Published: December 2014

The economy of the tourist market is formed and functions on the basis of integrate d-interdependence of enterprises in the region, the activities of which are directly or indirectly linked with the economy of tourism; the preservation of the ecological balance of natural resources and historical and religious sites to recreational areas. The objective and desired result of regional economic development is to create, maintain competitive advantage and achieve a higher level of competitiveness as a whole sphere of tourism. Profiling of the region should be aimed at creating a highly tourist center of international level that will enable the long-term economic development. The actual content of the concept of tourism identified in the course of the collision of these positive trends and negative results, and will largely depend on the overall situation in the country, but on the other hand, will largely determine the economic situation in Russia.
Different types of tourism activities correspond to proportionate travel areasl, which are part of the social space combining a set of interconnected natural and socio-economic conditions that are used for the tourism industry. The size and composition of the internal organization of the tourist area has a hierarchical structure.
The author analyses the structure of the regional tourism market and its actors as well as main approaches to the formation of the concept of governance tourist complex in the tourist region. The article is aimed at discussion on approaches to spatial and regional clustering of tourist areas, the basic conditions for the creation of tourist clusters, for the establishment and management of the tourism cluster.
The effect of DVD training on the competence of occupational therapy students in manual handling: A pilot study
Authors: Gallagher Aideen Marie , Gilligan Robert , McGrath Margaret , Taylor Teri 
Published: December 2014

Background/Aims The rapid expansion of web-based video hosting platforms has resulted in DVD-assisted learning being increasingly used in higher education. This format is particularly attractive for teaching clinical skills as it provides a permanent resource that can be cost effective for the university, while providing a flexible learning tool for the learner. DVD-assisted learning has been found to be effective in teaching clinical skills when compared with other teaching modalities; however, the majority of this research has been conducted in the discipline of medicine to teach surgical skills. The aim of this research was to determine the efficacy of a DVD-based teaching approach (intervention) compared with the traditional face-to-face approach (control) to teach occupational therapy students to transfer a patient using a hoist. Methods A single-blind, randomised controlled pilot trial was carried out among final-year occupational therapy students (n=12) who were randomly assigned to DVD-assisted or face-to-face training. Each participant's performance in executing the transfer of a non-weight bearing client from bed to wheelchair was evaluated pre- and post-training using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. Students' perceived confidence in completing the task and satisfaction with the training was evaluated post-training. Results Both groups of students demonstrated an improvement in performance of the hoist transfer following training. There was no significant difference in the level of improvement between groups; however, the small sample size meant the research could not reach definitive conclusions. Participants who attended face-to-face training had higher levels of perceived confidence in completing the task and were more satisfied with the training received than those who engaged in DVD-assisted training. Conclusions This study is inconclusive in determining whether DVD-assisted training is as effective as face-to-face training in the acquisition of hoist transfer skills among occupational therapists. With DVD-assisted learning expected to increase, this study offers a useful protocol by which to conduct research on this topic with a larger sample size.