bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble carbohydrates and relative growth rates in chloro‐, cyano‐ and cephalolichens: effects of temperature and nocturnal hydration
Authors: Alam Md Azharul , Gauslaa Yngvar , Solhaug Knut Asbjørn 
Published: May 2015

Summary

This growth chamber experiment evaluates how temperature and humidity regimes shape soluble carbohydrate pools and growth rates in lichens with different photobionts.

We assessed soluble carbohydrates, relative growth rates (RGRs) and relative thallus area growth rates (RTAGRs) in Parmelia sulcata (chlorolichen), Peltigera canina (cyanolichen) and Peltigera aphthosa (cephalolichen) cultivated for 14 d (150 μmol m−2 s−1; 12‐h photoperiod) at four day : night temperatures (28 : 23°C, 20 : 15°C, 13 : 8°C, 6 : 1°C) and two hydration regimes (hydration during the day, dry at night; hydration day : night).

The major carbohydrates were mannitol (cephalolichen), glucose (cyanolichen) and arabitol (chlorolichen). Mannitol occurred in all species. During cultivation, total carbohydrate pools decreased in cephalo‐/cyanolichens, but increased in the chlorolichen. Carbohydrates varied less than growth with temperature and humidity. All lichens grew rapidly, particularly at 13 : 8°C. RGRs and RTAGRs were significantly higher in lichens hydrated for 24 h than for 12 h. Strong photoinhibition occurred in cephalo‐ and cyanolichens kept in cool dry nights, resulting in positive relationships between RGR and dark‐adapted photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm).

RGR increased significantly with the photobiont‐specific carbohydrate pools within all species. Average RGR peaked in the chlorolichen lowest in total and photobiont carbohydrates. Nocturnal hydration improved recovery from photoinhibition and/or enhanced conversion rates of photosynthates into growth.
Identifying Residents' Health Issues Six Weeks after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Teramoto Chie , Nagata Satoko , Okamoto Reiko , Suzuki Ruriko , Kishi Emiko , Nomura Michie , Jojima Noriko , Nishida Masumi , Koide Keiko , Kusano Emiko , Iwamoto Saori , Murashima Sachiyo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the characteristics and health issues of residents in need of assistance in a town affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, six weeks after the disaster, through an outreach initiative.Design and SampleA cross‐sectional qualitative design was used. Public health nurses conducted comprehensive semi‐structured interviews during home visits with residents. A total of 5,082 residents from the affected town.MeasuresThese included demographic information, public records of the extent of the damages, and qualitative interview data to determine the urgency of the necessary interventions.ResultsA total of 281 residents needed some kind of assistance and were identified as “requiring early intervention (within two weeks)” or “requiring assistance (within 12 weeks).” The most common health issue requiring early intervention was “interruption of treatment” (25.0%), followed by “need for mental care.” The most frequent health issue requiring assistance within 12 weeks was the “need for mental health care” (39.7%), followed by “interruption of treatment,” and “need for nursing care.”ConclusionsDuring a disaster, it is imperative to identify cases requiring early intervention. Home‐visit interviews were necessary to identify existing health concerns to prevent the development of more serious health problems.
Red blood cell antigen genotype analysis for 9087 Asian, Asian American, and Native American blood donors
Authors: Delaney Meghan , Harris Samantha , Haile Askale , Johnsen Jill , Teramura Gayle , Nelson Karen 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThere has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of blood group antigen prevalence in Asian Americans and Native Americans. There may be ethnic differences in blood group frequencies that would result in clinically important mismatches through transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBlood donors who self‐identified as Asian or Native American were tested using a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA array (HEA BeadChip kit, Bioarray Solutions Ltd) that predicts expression of 38 human erythrocyte antigens (HEAs) and by serology for ABO, D, C, M, N, Jka, and Jkb. The prevalence of blood group antigens was compared to published European prevalence. Discrepancies between SNP‐predicted and serology‐detected antigens were tallied.RESULTSA total of 9087 blood donors were tested from nine Asian and Native American heritages. The predicted prevalence of selected antigens in the RHCE, JK, FY, MNS, LU, CO, and DO blood group systems were variable between Asian populations, but overall not significantly different than Europeans. Compared to European frequencies, Kell blood group allele frequencies were significantly different in the Chinese, Native American, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian heritage blood donors; Diego antigens Dia and Dib were different in donors of Native American and South Asian ancestries (p < 0.05). Of the donors tested, 4.5% showed a SNP‐serology discrepancy that segregated within specific ethnic groups.CONCLUSIONThis study provides HEA allele frequency and antigen prevalence data in a cohort of Asian and Native Americans donors. Several ethnic groups exhibited differences in HEA frequencies compared to Europeans. Genotype‐serotype discrepancies were detected in all systems studied.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐Leb
Authors: Irani Mehraboon S. , Figueroa Dolores , Savage Gail 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDAnti‐Leb is usually a clinically insignificant antibody of immunoglobulin M subclass most often found in the sera of pregnant women or individuals that are Le(a–b–). We report a case of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to a hemolytic anti‐Leb that was not seen in the pretransfusion antibody detection test, but was strongly reactive in posttransfusion testing.CASE REPORTA 30‐year‐old African‐American woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma was receiving chemotherapy. She was anemic with hemoglobin (Hb) of 7.2 g/dL and had a negative antibody detection test by the solid‐phase red blood cell adherence method. She was transfused with 2 RBC units without incident. Nine days later her Hb was 7.9 g/dL again with a negative antibody detection test. Transfusion of an additional RBC unit was begun. During the transfusion she developed chills, nausea, hypertension, and red‐brown urine. The posttransfusion sample plasma was grossly hemolyzed with a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) by gel. By comparison the pretransfusion plasma was normal appearing and the DAT was weaker. The eluate was negative on both occasions. Anti‐Leb was detected in the posttransfusion sample by MTS gel (Ortho Diagnostics). Both RBC units she had received before the RBC unit that caused the reaction were Le(b+) as was the implicated RBC unit.CONCLUSIONThis case illustrates that anti‐Leb which is usually clinically insignificant can occasionally cause severe hemolytic transfusion reactions. Only three other reported cases of anti‐Leb causing hemolytic transfusion reactions could be found in the literature, two of which were in abstract form only.
Development and Evaluation of Novel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays with Locked Nucleic Acid Probes Targeting Leader Sequences of Human-Pathogenic Coronaviruses
Authors: Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Choi Garnet Kwan-Yue , Tsang Alan Ka-Lun , Tee Kah-Meng , Lam Ho-Yin , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Yeung Man-Lung , Lau Susanna Kar-Pui , Woo Patrick Chiu-Yat , Chan Kwok-Hung , Tang Bone Siu-Fai , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Based on findings in small RNA-sequencing (Seq) data analysis, we developed highly sensitive and specific real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays with locked nucleic acid probes targeting the abundantly expressed leader sequences of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and other human coronaviruses. Analytical and clinical evaluations showed their noninferiority to a commercial multiplex PCR test for the detection of these coronaviruses.
Dark Matter of the Biosphere: the Amazing World of Bacteriophage Diversity
Authors: Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere, and this dynamic and old population is, not surprisingly, highly diverse genetically. Relative to bacterial genomics, phage genomics has advanced slowly, and a higher-resolution picture of the phagosphere is only just emerging. This view reveals substantial diversity even among phages known to infect a common host strain, but the relationships are complex, with mosaic genomic architectures generated by illegitimate recombination over a long period of evolutionary history.
Ea versus Sham Acupuncture and no Acupuncture for the Control of Acute and Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Pilot Study
Authors: McKeon Chris , Smith Caroline A , Gibbons Kristen , Hardy Janet , Haugstetter Corrine , Anderson Helen 
Published: May 2015

Objective To assess the feasibility of undertaking a high-quality randomised controlled study to determine whether EA gives better control of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) than sham EA or standard antiemetic treatment alone. Methods Patients having their first cycle of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomised to EA, sham EA or standard care. EA was given for 30 min on day 1 at the time of chemotherapy and on day 3 using standard acupuncture points bilaterally. Sham EA was given to points adjacent to true EA points. All patients received usual care, comprising antiemetics, according to hospital guidelines. The primary outcomes related to study feasibility, and the clinical outcome measure was the change in Functional Living Index Emesis (FLIE) score captured on days 1 and 7. Results 153 participants were screened between April 2009 and May 2011. Eighteen patients did not meet the inclusion criteria, 37 declined to participate and the absence of an acupuncturist or lack of consent from the treating oncologist excluded a further 38 patients; 60 patients were recruited. The FLIE was completed on day 7 by 49 participants; 33 of 40 patients returned on day 3 for treatment. The nausea and vomiting scores were low in all three arms. Adverse events were generally mild and infrequent. Conclusions It was feasible to undertake a randomised EA trial on a busy day oncology unit. As few patients experienced nausea with their first cycle of chemotherapy, it was not possible to determine whether EA improves CINV over standard care. An enriched enrolment strategy is indicated for future studies. A simple numerical rating scale may prove a better objective nausea measure than the FLIE. Trial Registration Number ACTRN12609001054202.
Low-residue breakfast during the preparation for colonoscopy using a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution: a randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Flemming Jennifer A , Green Jordan , Melicharkova Andrea , Vanner Stephen , Hookey Lawrence 
Published: May 2015

GoalsTo test the hypothesis that the use of a low-residue breakfast (LRB) the day prior to colonoscopy was not inferior to consuming clear fluids alone (CFD) in patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparation.BackgroundOptimal colon cleansing is essential for complete visualisation of the mucosa during colonoscopy. Few studies have examined the effect of diet on the quality of bowel cleansing or tolerance in patients using a PEG bowel preparation for colonoscopy.MethodsRandomised, single-blinded non-inferiority trial. Adult patients scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy with PEG solution were randomised to an LRB followed by clear fluids or CFD using either a traditional or split-dose PEG solution for bowel preparation. The primary outcome was colon cleansing based on the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Score (OBPS).ResultsOn an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis, a total of 109 and 105 patients were included in the CFD and LRB arms, respectively, with 116 and 98 patients, respectively, for the per-protocol (PP) analysis. Although there was no difference in the mean total OBPS between the CFD or LRB arms in either the ITT or PP analysis, the threshold for non-inferiority was not met. Patient acceptance of the regimens was higher in the LRB arm than in the CFD arm in the ITT and PP analyses.ConclusionsThis study failed to show the non-inferiority of an LRB in patients receiving bowel preparation with a PEG-based solution. A CFD should be prescribed when using a PEG bowel preparation.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01454388).
MR-Guided Near-Infrared Spectral Tomography Increases Diagnostic Performance of Breast MRI
Authors: Mastanduno Michael A. , Xu Junqing , El-Ghussein Fadi , Jiang Shudong , Yin Hong , Zhao Yan , Wang Ke , Ren Fang , Gui Jiang , Pogue Brian W. , Paulsen Keith D. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostically most important molecular biomarkers quantified by magnetic resonance-guided (MR) near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) that distinguish malignant breast lesions from benign abnormalities when combined with outcomes from clinical breast MRI.
Experimental Design: The study was HIPAA compliant and approved by the Dartmouth Institutional Review Board, the NIH, the United States State Department, and Xijing Hospital. MR-guided NIRST evaluated hemoglobin, water, and lipid content in regions of interest defined by concurrent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the breast. MRI plus NIRST was performed in 44 subjects (median age, 46, age range, 20–81 years), 28 of whom had subsequent malignant pathologic diagnoses, and 16 had benign conditions. A subset of 30 subject examinations yielded optical data that met minimum sensitivity requirements to the suspicious lesion and were included in the analyses of diagnostic performance.
Results: In the subset of 30 subject examinations meeting minimum optical data sensitivity criterion, the MR-guided NIRST separated malignant from benign lesions using total hemoglobin (HbT; P &lt; 0.01) and tissue optical index (TOI; P &lt; 0.001). Combined MRI plus TOI data caused one false positive and 1 false negative, and produced the best diagnostic performance, yielding an AUC of 0.95, sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 89%, positive predictive value of 95%, and negative predictive value of 89%, respectively.
Conclusions: MRI plus NIRST results correlated well with histopathologic diagnoses and could provide additional information to reduce the number of MRI-directed biopsies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(17); 3906–12. ©2015 AACR.
Maintenance Treatment with Cetuximab and BAY86-9766 Increases Antitumor Efficacy of Irinotecan plus Cetuximab in Human Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Models
Authors: Troiani Teresa , Napolitano Stefania , Martini Giulia , Martinelli Erika , Cardone Claudia , Normanno Nicola , Vitagliano Donata , Morgillo Floriana , Fenizia Francesca , Lambiase Matilde , Formisano Luigi , Bianco Roberto , Ciardiello Davide , Ciardiello Fortunato 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The use of cetuximab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is limited by development of resistance.
Experimental Design: We have investigated in three models of highly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–dependent colorectal cancer xenografts, the effect of maintenance therapy with different kinase inhibitors alone or in combination with cetuximab, after cytotoxic treatment induction with irinotecan plus cetuximab.
Results: SW48, LIM 1215, and GEO colorectal cancer cell lines were engrafted into nude mice and treated for 3 weeks with irinotecan and/or cetuximab. The combined treatment induced a significant reduction of tumor size. A subsequent experiment was performed in all three xenograft models in which after an induction treatment with irinotecan plus cetuximab, mice were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: control, cetuximab, regorafenib, a selective PIK3CA inhibitor (PIK3CAi), a selective MEK inhibitor (MEKi), and/or the combination of each inhibitor with cetuximab. The cetuximab plus MEKi treatment determined the best antitumor activity with suppression of tumor growth. This effect was prolonged for 13 to 15 weeks after cessation of therapy and was accompanied by prolonged survival. Antitumor activity was accompanied by inhibition of the MAPK and MEK pathways. Moreover, in the cetuximab plus MEKi-treated SW48 xenograft group, KRAS mutations as a mechanism of acquired resistance were detected in 25% of cases compared with 75% KRAS mutations in the MEKi-treated group.
Conclusions: A possible strategy to prevent and/or overcome resistance to anti-EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer is a maintenance therapy with cetuximab plus MEKi after an initial treatment with irinotecan plus cetuximab. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4153–64. ©2015 AACR.
Vascular Flow Reserve Immediately After Infrapopliteal Intervention as a Predictor of Wound Healing in Patients With Foot Tissue Loss
Authors: Fukunaga Masashi , Fujii Kenichi , Kawasaki Daizo , Nishimura Machiko , Horimatsu Tetsuo , Saita Ten , Miki Kojiro , Tamaru Hiroto , Imanaka Takahiro , Naito Yoshiro , Masuyama Tohru 
Published: May 2015

Background—
The purpose of this study was to verify whether the concept of coronary blood flow reserve can be applied to patients with critical limb ischemia who are undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) for isolated infrapopliteal lesions.

Methods and Results—

Forty patients diagnosed with critical limb ischemia (Rutherford category 5) who were undergoing EVT for isolated infrapopliteal lesions were prospectively enrolled. All lesions were treated with conventional balloon angioplasty without stent placement. After successful EVT, a pressure/temperature sensor–tipped guidewire was positioned in the proximal popliteal artery. Using the thermodilution technique, the mean transit time (Tmn) was determined after bolus injections of 3-mL saline at baseline and at the onset of intra-arterial papaverine induced maximum hyperemia. Vascular flow reserve (VFR) was calculated as resting Tmn divided by hyperemic Tmn. Complete epithelialization of the reference wound (wound healing) was completely closed by either surgical or secondary intervention within 3 months after EVT. Wound healing was achieved in 22 patients after EVT (healing group) but was not achieved in 18 patients (nonhealing group). Postprocedural VFR was significantly lower in the nonhealing group than in the healing group (2.40; interquartile range, 2.00–3.08 versus 4.05; interquartile range, 3.60–4.60;
P
<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed postprocedural VFR >3.6 as the best threshold value for complete wound healing after EVT. Univariate analysis revealed that postprocedural VFR >3.6 was a predictor of wound healing (
P
=0.0002).

Conclusions—
Advanced lower limb clinical setting may be caused by a poor capability of microvasculature. VFR, which is easily assessable, is useful in clinical risk stratification for patients with critical limb ischemia after EVT in the catheterization laboratory.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
. Unique identifier: UMIN000009313.
Studying the Timing of Discrete Musical Air Gestures
Authors: Dahl Luke 
Published: May 2015

Motion-sensing technologies enable musical interfaces where a performer controls sound by moving his or her body “in the air,” without touching a physical object. These interfaces work well when the movement and resulting sound are smooth and continuous, but it has proven difficult to design air instruments that trigger discrete sounds with precision that feels natural to performers and allows them to play rhythmically complex music. This article presents a study of “air drumming” gestures. Participants performed drumming-like gestures in time to simple recorded rhythms. These movements were recorded and examined to look for aspects of the movement that correspond to the timing of the sounds. The goal is to understand what we do with our bodies when we gesture in the air to trigger a sound. Two movement features of the hand are studied: Hits are the moment where the hand changes direction at the end of the striking gesture, and acceleration peaks are sharp peaks in magnitude acceleration as the hand decelerates. Hits and acceleration peaks are also detected for the movement of the wrist. It is found that the acceleration peaks are more useful than the hits because they occur earlier and with less variability, and their timing changes less with note speed. It is also shown that timing differences between hand and wrist features can be used to group performers into different movement styles.
Computational Fugue Analysis
Authors: Giraud Mathieu , Groult Richard , Leguy Emmanuel , Levé Florence 
Published: May 2015

One of the pinnacles of form in classical Western music, the fugue is often used in the teaching of music analysis and composition. Fugues alternate between instances of a subject and other patterns and modulatory sections, called episodes. Musicological analyses are generally built on these patterns and sections. We have developed several algorithms to perform an automated analysis of a fugue, starting from a score in which all the voices are separated. By focusing on the diatonic similarities between pitch intervals, we detect subjects and countersubjects, as well as partial harmonic sequences inside the episodes. We also implemented tools to detect subject scale degrees, cadences, and pedals, as well as a method for segmenting the fugue into exposition and episodic parts. Our algorithms were tested on a corpus of 36 fugues by J. S. Bach and Dmitri Shostakovich. We provide formalized ground-truth data on this corpus as well as a dynamic visualization of the ground truth and of our computed results. The complete system showed acceptable or good results for about one half of the fugues tested, enabling us to depict their design.
Vertical-Plane Dual-Doppler Radar Observations of Cumulus Toroidal Circulations
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Geerts Bart 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHigh-resolution vertical-plane dual-Doppler velocity data, collected by an airborne profiling cloud radar in transects across nonprecipitating orographic cumulus clouds, are used to examine vortical circulations near cloud top. These vortices are part of a toroidal ring centered at an updraft, usually near the cloud top, and they are essential to cumulus entrainment and dynamics. A large number of transects across toroidal circulations are composited to reveal the typical kinematic structure and associated entrainment patterns. The toroidal ring circulation is ~1 km wide and about half as deep in the sampled clouds (Cu mediocris). The composite flow field shows two nearly symmetric, counterrotating vortices, with a core updraft of ~3 m s−1, consistent vortex-top divergence, two flanking downdrafts of the about same strength, and horizontal (toroidal) vorticity of ~0.03 s−1. Variations with vortex size, age, and ambient shear are examined, and the relative dilution of air in the vortex core is estimated by comparing the liquid water content, estimated from path-integrated power attenuation, with the adiabatic value.