bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Thyme and Clove Essential Oil Fortified Edible Films on the Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Kashar Cheese
Authors: Kavas G. , Kavas N. , Saygili D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbout 1.5% (v/v) thyme and clove essential oils were added to 1.5% (w/v) sorbitol‐amended whey isolate‐based film. These films were used for coating traditional semi‐hard kashar cheese (traditional Turkish cheese). Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms were selected for the determination of antimicrobial properties of the films by artificial contamination. Additionally, some physical–chemical properties of the cheese were determined on storage time (1st, 15th, 30th and 60th). Based on the results, it was found that the thyme‐fortified film (WPIOF) and the clove‐fortified film (WPISF) both had positive effects on the physical–chemical properties of the kashar cheese. During the 60 days of storage, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus levels all increased in uncoated control samples but decreased in samples coated with WPIOF and WPISF. A significant relationship was detected between the coating of the cheese samples with film containing essential oils and antimicrobial activity (P < 0.05).Practical ApplicationsIn this study, essential oil‐fortified edible films were produced by adding 1.5% (v/v) thyme and clove essential oils to whey protein isolate (WPI) or emulsifying film (SWPI) obtained by the addition of sorbitol (S). Some of the kashar cheese samples were coated with these films and some of them were not (control samples). All of the cheese samples were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus for determination of antimicrobial properties of the films. Kashar cheese samples were stored at 4 ± 1C and their microbiological and physical–chemical properties were examined on the 1st, 15th, 30th and 60th days of storage.
Migmatite gneiss of the Jættedal complex, Liverpool Land, East Greenland: protracted high‐T metamorphism in the overriding plate of the Caledonian orogen
Authors: Johnston S. M. , Kylander‐Clark A. , Brueckner H. K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Greenland Caledonides (GC) formed in the overriding Laurentian plate during the closure of the Iapetus Ocean and the subduction of Baltica, and offer a unique opportunity to study metamorphic patterns, regional structures and the kinematic evolution of the overriding plate of a continental collision. We present new metamorphic petrology and coupled zircon geochronology and geochemistry data from the Jættedal complex in southern Liverpool Land to document the thermal evolution of the orogenic core of the southern GC. Pelitic migmatite gneisses from the Jættedal complex document metamorphic conditions of 850–730 °C at pressures of 11–9.5 kbar. Zircon from these samples yields Archean–Mesoproterozoic detrital cores with positive heavy rare earth element (HREE) slopes, and 440–425 Ma rims with flat HREE slopes are interpreted to date the timing of prograde pelite anatexis. Intercalated mafic assemblages record metamorphic conditions of 860–820 °C at 12–10 kbar. Zircon from mafic gneisses contains cores with ages of c. 458 Ma with positive HREE slopes and 413–411 Ma rims with flat HREE slopes that are interpreted to record the timing of original mafic dyke intrusion and subsequent partial melting respectively. When placed in the context of correlative rocks from the southern GC, these results suggest the development of a thermally weakened lower to middle crust in the Caledonian overriding plate that spanned >200 km perpendicular to orogenic strike during the Silurian. The existing data further suggest Silurian syn‐orogenic channel flow and exhumation occurred at the thrust front, while protracted high‐T metamorphism continued in the orogenic core. These patterns highlight variations in the thermal and rheologic structure of the Caledonian overriding plate along orogenic strike, and have implications for the development and exhumation of high‐ and ultrahigh‐pressure terranes.
The tooth wear evaluation system: a modular clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management planning of worn dentitions
Authors: Wetselaar P. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryTooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the loss of dental hard tissues, viz. enamel and dentine. Tooth wear can be divided into the subtypes mechanical wear (attrition and abrasion) and chemical wear (erosion). Because of its multifactorial aetiology, tooth wear can manifest itself in many different representations, and therefore, it can be difficult to diagnose and manage the condition. A systematic approach is a sine qua non. In the below‐described tooth wear evaluation system (TWES), all necessary tools for a clinical guideline are present in different modules. This allows the dental clinician, in a general practitioner setting as well as in a referral practice setting, to perform a state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic process. To avoid the risk of a too cumbersome usage, the dental clinician can select only those modules that are appropriate for a given setting. The modules match with each other, which is indispensable and essential when different modules of the TWES are compared. With the TWES, it is possible to recognise the problem (qualifying), to grade its severity (quantifying), to diagnose the likely causes and to monitor (the progress of) the condition. In addition, a proposal for the classification of tooth wear is made. Further, it is possible to determine when to start a treatment, to make the decision which kind of treatment to apply and to estimate the level of difficulty of a restorative treatment.
Anticancer activity of Ashwagandha against human head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Lee Haeng‐Eun , Shin Ji‐Ae , Jeong Joseph H. , Jeon Jae‐Gyu , Lee Min‐Ho , Cho Sung‐Dae 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the apoptotic activity of methanol extract of Ashwagandha (MEAG) and in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe investigated the effects of MEAG on programmed cell death in HNSCC cells using a Live/Dead assay, detection of nuclear morphologic changes, Mitotracker, siRNA knockdown, and RT‐PCR.ResultsTreatment with MEAG showed dose‐dependent growth‐inhibitory activity that attribute to caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase 9 suggested that MEAG leads to activation of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. MEAG selectively upregulated the expression of Bim protein at the transcriptional level and induced the translocation of Bim into the mitochondria. Knockdown of Bim by siRNA partially blocked MEAG‐mediated apoptosis. MEAG also caused an increase in truncated Bid (t‐Bid), cleaved caspase‐8, and death receptor 5 (DR5). Interestingly, withaferin A (WA), a bioactive component of MEAG, clearly induced apoptosis accompanied by upregulation of Bim, t‐Bid, caspase‐8, and DR5 similar to the effects of MEAG.ConclusionsThese suggest that MEAG and WA may be potential natural materials for the treatment of HNSCC.
College Student Samples Are Not Always Equivalent: The Magnitude of Personality Differences Across Colleges and Universities
Authors: Corker Katherine S. , Donnellan M. Brent , Kim Su Yeong , Schwartz Seth J. , Zamboanga Byron L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis research examined the magnitude of personality differences across different colleges and universities to understand (a) how much students at different colleges vary from one another and (b) whether there are site‐level variables that can explain observed differences. Nearly 8,600 students at 30 colleges and universities completed a Big Five personality trait measure. Site‐level information was obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education System database (U.S. Department of Education). Multilevel models revealed that each of the Big Five traits showed significant between‐site variability, even after accounting for individual‐level demographic differences. Some site‐level variables (e.g., enrollment size, requiring letters of recommendation) explained between‐site differences in traits, but many tests were not statistically significant. Student samples at different universities differed in terms of average levels of Big Five personality domains. This raises the possibility that personality differences may explain differences in research results obtained when studying students at different colleges and universities. Furthermore, results suggest that research that compares findings for only a few sites (e.g., much cross‐cultural research) runs the risk of overgeneralizing differences between specific samples to broader group differences. These results underscore the value of multisite collaborative research efforts to enhance psychological research.
Interactions of School Bonding, Disturbed Family Relationships, and Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents
Authors: Rovis Darko , Bezinovic Petar , Basic Josipa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSubstance use, gambling, and violence represent a great risk for adolescent health. Schools are often referred to as the “best” places for health promotion and prevention, where positive school bonding serves as a strong protective factor for the development of risk behaviors and poor school bonding is associated with various risk behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the risk effect of disturbed family relations, the protective effect of school bonding, and the extent to which school can compensate for the negative effect of an adverse family environment related to the risk behaviors of the adolescents.METHODSA self‐reported questionnaire was administered to a random sample of students in grades 9‐11 from 30 high schools. A total of 1519 respondents were included in the analysis. Covariance analysis was used to test the impact of sex, school year, school bonding, and family relationships on risk behaviors and the interaction effect of school bonding and family relationships.RESULTSBoth dimensions of school bonding, attachment to school, and commitment to schooling, were found to be significant predictors of risk behavior, with a commitment to schooling being an even more significant predictor than disturbed family relations. Students with greater school bonding and unfavorable family circumstances reported fewer risk behaviors than students of equal family circumstances but weak school bonding.CONCLUSIONSThese findings emphasize the role of the school as a social compensator for the adverse effects of a disturbed family environment.
Effects of a Curricular Physical Activity Intervention on Children's School Performance, Wellness, and Brain Development
Authors: Bunketorp Käll Lina , Malmgren Helge , Olsson Erik , Lindén Thomas , Nilsson Michael 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPhysical activity and structural differences in the hippocampus have been linked to educational outcome. We investigated whether a curriculum‐based physical activity intervention correlates positively with children's academic achievement, psychological well‐being, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), fitness, and structural development of the brain.METHODSThe study had a quasi‐experimental design and a control group. National test results were gathered from 545 students, 122 in the intervention school, and 423 in 3 control schools. HRQoL and socioemotional data were collected with child and proxy versions of KIDSCREEN and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Overall, 79 students in grades 5 and 6 were recruited for an in‐depth study, consisting of a submaximal oxygen consumption test and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. HRQoL and socioemotional data were collected from 349 students (65%), 182 (52%) in the intervention school, and 167 (48%) in one of the control schools.RESULTSGirls attending the intervention school were more likely to pass national tests in Swedish (odds ratio 5.7) and Mathematics (odds ratio 3.2). The fourth to sixth graders in the intervention school reported lower levels of conduct problems (p < .05), and the girls were also less likely to report hyperactivity (p < .05). Girls reported higher levels of emotional problems (p < .05) than boys. Boys in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of estimated maximal oxygen uptake (p < .05) than controls. No difference in hippocampal structure was seen.CONCLUSIONSCurriculum‐based physical activity in school may improve the academic achievement and psychological health of children, particularly for girls.
Measuring oral health‐related quality of life in orthodontic patients with a short version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP)
Authors: Kragt Lea , Tiemeier Henning , Wolvius Eppo B. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesOral health‐related quality of life (OHRQOL) is currently assessed by long questionnaires, which limits its applicability as an outcome measure in orthodontic practice and research. The aim of the study was to evaluate a shortened measure with a low response burden for assessing OHRQOL in children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 243 prospective orthodontically treated children (12 percent cleft lip, 68 percent with definite objective treatment need, 20 percent borderline objective treatment need) collected data on OHRQOL using the 38‐item version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP‐38) and general health perception (GHP), and subjectively and objectively measured orthodontic treatment need. Eleven items of the COHIP‐38 were selected for the short version of the questionnaire (COHIP‐ortho). Score distributions, internal consistency, construct and criterion validity, as well as subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of both questionnaires. The performances of COHIP‐ortho and COHIP‐38 were compared.ResultsThe internal consistency was somewhat lower for the COHIP‐ortho compared with the COHIP‐38, but on an acceptable level for both questionnaires. The correlations between COHIP‐ortho scores and COHIP‐38 overall as well as subscale scores were excellent. COHIP‐ortho performed adequately regarding construct and criterion validity related to most sample characteristics compared with the performance of the COHIP‐38.ConclusionThe COHIP‐ortho is as valid as the COHIP‐38 for assessing OHRQOL in children. With a low response burden for patients or study participants, reduced cost, and less time needed for administration, the COHIP‐ortho simplifies the investigation of OHRQOL in orthodontics.
Body Mass Index of Adult Special Olympians by Country Economic Status
Authors: Temple Viviene A. , Foley John T. , Lloyd Meghann 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany low‐ and middle‐income countries have experienced an epidemic of obesity in the last few decades. However, no studies have examined the relationship between country economic status and weight status among adults with ID. This study compared the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity among adult Special Olympics participants by country economic status. A total of 19,295 (men, n = 12,037) measured height and weight records were available from the Special Olympics International (SOI) Health Promotion database. The 159 countries in the database were recoded according to the World Bank's classification of country economic status as: low‐income, lower middle‐income, upper middle‐income, and high‐income. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) prevalence rates were calculated for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity for men and women by economic status. Odds ratios, adjusted for age and sex, were used to examine differences in BMI by country economic status. Overall, 31.9% of SOI participants from low‐income economies, 48.6% from lower middle‐income, 43.6% from upper middle‐income, and 66.0% from high‐income economies had BMI indices outside of the normal range. For the low‐income countries, the proportion of underweight and overweight/obesity was similar (17.2% and 14.7%, respectively). For the other three levels of economy, participants with BMI levels outside the normal range were largely overweight/obese, rather than underweight. Women, older participants, and those from higher‐income countries were much more likely to be overweight/obese. Considerably, more research on the key behaviors associated with BMI status and the extent to which environments (economic, social, and physical) are obesogenic is needed to explain these differences and to begin to design interventions that can be both targeted for persons with ID and coherently implemented across sectors and settings.
Maternal iodine insufficiency and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Charoenratana Cholaros , Leelapat Posri , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Tongsong Theera 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the iodine status of pregnant women in each trimester and to compare the pregnancy outcomes between groups with iodine insufficiency and iodine sufficiency. Longitudinal study on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in each trimester as well as comparison between women with iodine insufficiency (<150 mcg L−1) and iodine sufficiency was conducted. Pregnant women without thyroid diseases who had not received iodine supplementation were recruited for UIC measurements in each trimester and were followed up for pregnancy outcomes. In the analysis of 384, 325 and 221 samples in the first, second and third trimester, the medians of UICs were 147.39, 157.01 and 153.07 mcg L−1, respectively. Of 399 women, 174 (43.6%) had a UIC less than 150 mcg L−1 (suggesting iodine insufficiency) and 225 (56.4%) had a UIC greater than or equal to 150 mcg L−1 (suggesting iodine sufficiency). Of 390 women with availability of the final outcomes, 171 and 219 in the insufficiency and sufficiency group, respectively, the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight were significantly higher in the insufficiency group, 17.5% vs. 10.0% (P = 0.031) and 19.9% vs. 12.3% (P = 0.042), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that iodine status was an independent risk of preterm birth and low birthweight. Finally, women with a UIC <100 mcg L−1 had a significantly higher rate of fetal growth restriction, 13/68 vs. 30/322 (P = 0.031). In northern Thailand, a great number of pregnant women had a median UIC less than 150 mcg L−1 and they had a higher risk of preterm birth and low birthweight. Finally, those with a median UIC of less than 100 mcg L−1 had a higher risk of fetal growth restriction.
Initial colonization, community assembly and ecosystem function: fungal colonist traits and litter biochemistry mediate decay rate
Authors: Cline Lauren C. , Zak Donald R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPriority effects are an important ecological force shaping biotic communities and ecosystem processes, in which the establishment of early colonists alters the colonization success of later‐arriving organisms via competitive exclusion and habitat modification. However, we do not understand which biotic and abiotic conditions lead to strong priority effects and lasting historical contingencies. Using saprotrophic fungi in a model leaf decomposition system, we investigated whether compositional and functional consequences of initial colonization were dependent on initial colonizer traits, resource availability or a combination thereof. To test these ideas, we factorially manipulated leaf litter biochemistry and initial fungal colonist identity, quantifying subsequent community composition, using neutral genetic markers, and community functional characteristics, including enzyme potential and leaf decay rates. During the first 3 months, initial colonist respiration rate and physiological capacity to degrade plant detritus were significant determinants of fungal community composition and leaf decay, indicating that rapid growth and lignolytic potential of early colonists contributed to altered trajectories of community assembly. Further, initial colonization on oak leaves generated increasingly divergent trajectories of fungal community composition and enzyme potential, indicating stronger initial colonizer effects on energy‐poor substrates. Together, these observations provide evidence that initial colonization effects, and subsequent consequences on litter decay, are dependent upon substrate biochemistry and physiological traits within a regional species pool. Because microbial decay of plant detritus is important to global C storage, our results demonstrate that understanding the mechanisms by which initial conditions alter priority effects during community assembly may be key to understanding the drivers of ecosystem‐level processes.
Evidence that a modified type IV pilus‐like system powers gliding motility and polysaccharide secretion in filamentous cyanobacteria
Authors: Khayatan Behzad , Meeks John C. , Risser Douglas D. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn filamentous cyanobacteria, the mechanism of gliding motility is undefined but posited to be driven by a polysaccharide secretion system known as the junctional pore complex (JPC). Recent evidence implies that the JPC is a modified type IV pilus‐like structure encoded for in part by genes in the hps locus. To test this hypothesis, we conducted genetic, cytological and comparative genomics studies on hps and pil genes in Nostoc punctiforme, a species in which motility is restricted to transiently differentiated filaments called hormogonia. Inactivation of most hps and pil genes abolished motility and abolished or drastically reduced secretion of hormogonium polysaccharide, and the subcellular localization of several Pil proteins in motile hormogonia corresponds to the site of the junctional pore complex. The non‐motile ΔhpsE‐G strain, which lacks three glycosyltransferases that synthesize hormogonium polysaccharide, could be complemented to motility by the addition of medium conditioned by wild‐type hormogonia. Based on this result, we speculate that secretion of hormogonium polysaccharide facilitates but does not provide the motive force for gliding. Both the Hps and Pil homologs characterized in this study are almost universally conserved among filamentous cyanobacteria, with the Hps homologs rarely found in unicellular strains. These results support the theory that Hps and Pil proteins compose the JPC, a type IV pilus‐like nanomotor that drives motility and polysaccharide secretion in filamentous cyanobacteria.
Clinical and epidemiological differences in functional dyspepsia between the East and the West
Authors: Mahadeva S. , Ford A. C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common condition, affecting adults in both Western (North America and Europe) and Eastern (Asian) parts of the globe. The prevalence has been reported to range from 5% to 40%, largely due to variation from definition criteria and geographical location. Recent published reports in Western and Eastern populations separately indicate that differences in the epidemiology and clinical patterns of FD may exist. Such differences will have implications for the clinical management of and healthcare strategizing for FD at the local level.PurposeThis review aims to examine the prevalence and clinical patterns of FD in specific groups, namely Western and Eastern populations, based on the Rome criteria. Further differences in the epidemiological associations of FD will be explored between population‐based studies in both the East and the West. Finally, the socio‐economic consequences of FD, an important measure of the impact of the disease, will be compared between the East and the West.