bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Straightening the Record: Morton Feldman's Return to Graph Music
Authors: CLINE DAVID 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMorton Feldman composed his first works on graph paper in 1950–53, but he subsequently abandoned graph music, before taking it up again in 1958 at a time of rapidly increasing interest in musical indeterminacy and graphic notations in the United States and Europe. Feldman's return to graph music was a turning point in his career that would affect his subsequent output for almost a decade, but his principal surviving account of this change in his musical direction, which appeared in liner notes for an LP record, is misleading. This article presents a revised account that highlights a previously undocumented and atypical graph work that was used by John Cage to derive the graph now known as Ixion. In addition, it reveals links between Feldman's compositional ideas and those of Henry Cowell, explains how Robert Rauschenberg inadvertently affected the sound of Feldman's graph music for several years, and clarifies Feldman's response to problems he encountered in performances of his graph music.
Understanding Indeterminate Music through Performance: Cage's Solo for Piano
Authors: THOMAS PHILIP 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article demonstrates how performance may further understanding of – and offer new perspectives on – indeterminate music, and in particular the ways in which performers realize the indeterminate aspects of the scores. Cage's Solo for Piano (1957–8), one of the most celebrated indeterminate scores, is used as the model for such an approach. The close involvement that performers have with the score and the music over what is often a prolonged period of time leads to a particular kind of understanding, different from that of non-performers, which, when articulated, can offer valuable insights. After a brief outline of the score, the article begins by discussing the performances of other pianists, notably David Tudor. It then examines in detail the author's own approach to making a realization, discussing the implications of such an approach from both practical and aesthetic perspectives.
A new application of bagasse char as a solar energy absorption and accumulation material
Authors: Kondo Yoshikazu , Fukuzawa Yasunori , Kawamitsu Yoshinobu , Ueno Masami , Tsutsumi Junichiro , Takemoto Tetsuya , Kawasaki Shinichi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study is concerned with the relationship between carbonisation conditions and properties of the resultant bagasse char, and the challenging proposal for the use of fine bagasse char particles as high-performance solar light collectors. Bagasse char was obtained by carbonising raw bagasse at temperatures of 200–900°C for three hours in nitrogen (N2) gas. Characterisation of the resultant bagasse char was performed by elemental analysis (EA), scanning electric microscope (SEM) observation, estimation of colour, nominal bulk density and evaluation of specific surface area and pore structure by N2 gas absorption/desorption. The most typical property of the resultant bagasse char is its unique pore structure, which is clear in SEM observation. The largest specific surface area of bagasse char in this study was about 600 m2/g, which is as large as commercial activated carbon materials. Macro-, meso- and micro-porous structures in the bagasse char induce many important characteristics, such as increased hydrophilicity, very low bulk density and excellent light absorption and accumulation. We also suggest the use of bagasse char as an excellent heat insulation material. The energy used for air conditioning in a private house or office building can be decreased by more than 50–60% by use of this insulator on the roof or walls.
Science, Politics and Transnational Regulation: Regulatory Scientific Institutions and the Dilemmas of Hybrid Authority
Authors: Ayal Adi , Hareuveny Ronen , Perez Oren 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to develop a better understanding of the structure of transnational regulatory scientific institutions (RSIs). We will argue that the hybrid political-legal-epistemic nature of RSIs creates a continual tension between their hierarchical and policy-driven structure and the paradigms of objectivity, parallelism and non-centralism that characterize science. The article examines the way in which RSIs cope with the challenge of maintaining their epistemic/political authority against the tensions generated by their hybrid structure. The article focuses on three institutions: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the International Competition Network (ICN), and examines how this challenge manifests itself in the context of these three bodies. The article links the discussion of hybrid authority with the problem of scientific uncertainty. It concludes with a discussion of the optimal design of RSIs.
New World cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events
Authors: McTavish Emily Jane , Decker Jared E. , Schnabel Robert D. , Taylor Jeremy F. , Hillis David M. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
Cattle were independently domesticated from the aurochs, a wild bovine species, in the vicinity of the current countries of Turkey and Pakistan ∼10,000 y ago. Cattle have since spread with humans across the world, including to regions where these two distinct lineages have hybridized. Using genomic tools, we investigated the ancestry of cattle from across the world. We determined that the descendants of the cattle brought to the New World by the Spanish in the late 1400s show ancestry from multiple domesticated lineages. This pattern resulted from pre-Columbian introgression of genes from African cattle into southern Europe.
Abrogation of IL-4 receptor-α-dependent alternatively activated macrophages is sufficient to confer resistance against pulmonary cryptococcosis despite an ongoing Th2 response
Authors: Müller Uwe , Stenzel Werner , Piehler Daniel , Grahnert Andreas , Protschka Martina , Köhler Gabriele , Frey Oliver , Held Josephin , Richter Tina , Eschke Maria , Kamradt Thomas , Brombacher Frank , Alber Gottfried 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the murine model of pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα)-dependent polyfunctional Th2 cells induce disease progression associated with alternative activation of lung macrophages. To characterize the effector role of IL-4Rα-dependent alternatively activated macrophages (aaMph), we intra-nasally infected mice with genetically ablated IL-4Rα expression on macrophages (LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox mice) and IL-4Rα–/lox littermates. LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox mice were significantly more resistant to pulmonary cryptococcosis with higher survival rates and lower lung burden than non-deficient heterozygous littermates. Infected LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox mice had reduced but detectable numbers of aaMph expressing arginase-1, chitinase-like enzyme (YM1) and CD206. Similar pulmonary expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was found in LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox and IL-4Rα–/lox control mice, but macrophages from LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox mice showed a higher potential to produce nitric oxide. In contrast to the differences in the macrophage phenotype, pulmonary Th2 responses were similar in infected LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox and IL-4Rα–/lox mice with each mouse strain harboring polyfunctional Th2 cells. Consistently, type 2 pulmonary allergic inflammation associated with eosinophil recruitment and epithelial mucus production was present in lungs of both LysMCreIL-4Rα–/lox and IL-4Rα–/lox mice. Our results demonstrate that, despite residual IL-4Rα-independent alternative macrophage activation and ongoing Th2-dependent allergic inflammation, abrogation of IL-4Rα-dependent aaMph is sufficient to confer resistance in pulmonary cryptococcosis. This is even evident on a relatively resistant heterozygous IL-4Rα+/– background indicating a key contribution of macrophage IL-4Rα expression to susceptibility in allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis.
Three new stable L5 Mars Trojans
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Mars was second to Jupiter in being recognized as the host of a population of Trojan minor bodies. Since 1990, five asteroids – 5261 Eureka, (101429) 1998 VF31, (121514) 1999 UJ7, 2001 DH47 and (311999) 2007 NS2 – have been identified as Mars Trojans, one L4 and four L5. Dynamical and spectroscopic evidence suggests that some Mars Trojans may be remnants of the original planetesimal population that formed in the terrestrial planets region. Here, we revisit the long-term dynamical evolution of the previously known Mars Trojans and show that 2011 SC191, 2011 SL25 and 2011 UN63 are also trailing (L5) Mars Trojans. They appear to be as stable as Eureka and may have been Trojans over the age of the Solar system. The fact that five Trojans move in similar orbits and one of them is a binary may point to the disruption of a larger body early in the history of the Solar system. Such a catastrophic event may also explain the apparently strong asymmetry in terms of number of objects (one versus seven) between the L4 and L5 regions. Future spectroscopic observations should be able to reject or confirm a putative common chemical signature that may lend further support to a collisional scenario.
Speculation and Risk Sharing with New Financial Assets*
Authors: Simsek Alp 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
I investigate the effect of financial innovation on portfolio risks when traders have belief disagreements. I decompose traders’ average portfolio risks into two components: the uninsurable variance, defined as portfolio risks that would obtain without belief disagreements, and the speculative variance, defined as portfolio risks that result from speculation. My main result shows that financial innovation always increases the speculative variance through two distinct channels: by generating new bets and by amplifying traders’ existing bets. When disagreements are large, these effects are sufficiently strong that financial innovation increases average portfolio risks, decreases average portfolio comovements, and generates greater speculative trading volume relative to risk-sharing volume. Moreover, a profit-seeking market maker endogenously introduces speculative assets that increase average portfolio risks.
On receiving a first copy of
Notes and Records
: George Sarton to A. V. Hill, 24 February 1942
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: March 2013

George Sarton, often regarded as the founder of the discipline of the history of science, appears to have first seen
Notes and Records of the Royal Society
in 1942. His letter of acknowledgement to A. V. Hill conveys both his pleasure at the publication (which the Royal Society had launched in 1938) and his frustration in trying to persuade scientists and ‘humanists’ of the value of his work. The letter also records Sarton's sadness at the death of his Harvard colleague L. J. Henderson, a fellow-worker in his campaign to ‘humanize science’.
Barley MLA Immune Receptors Directly Interfere with Antagonistically Acting Transcription Factors to Initiate Disease Resistance Signaling
Authors: Chang Cheng , Yu Deshui , Jiao Jian , Jing Shaojuan , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Shen Qian-Hua 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The nucleotide binding domain and Leucine-rich repeat (NLR)–containing proteins in plants and animals mediate pathogen sensing inside host cells and mount innate immune responses against microbial pathogens. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) mildew A (MLA) locus encodes coiled-coil (CC)–type NLRs mediating disease resistance against the powdery mildew pathogen Blumeria graminis. Here, we report direct interactions between MLA and two antagonistically acting transcription factors, MYB6 and WRKY1. The N-terminal CC signaling domain of MLA interacts with MYB6 to stimulate its DNA binding activity. MYB6 functions as a positive regulator of basal and MLA-mediated immunity responses to B. graminis. MYB6 DNA binding is antagonized by direct association with WRKY1 repressor, which in turn also interacts with the MLA CC domain. The activated form of full-length MLA10 receptor is needed to release MYB6 activator from WRKY1 repression and to stimulate MYB6-dependent gene expression. This implies that, while sequestered by the WRKY1 repressor in the presence of the resting immune receptor, MYB6 acts as an immediate and positive postactivation signaling component of the active state of MLA during transcriptional reprogramming for innate immune responses.
Segmenting Greek tomato consumers: policy and marketing insights towards a healthy diet
Authors: Alamanos Eleftherios , Bourlakis Michael , Tzimitra‐Kalogianni Irini 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe study aims to examine consumer behaviour towards fresh tomatoes and to reveal the factors that influence consumption leading to an adoption of a healthy diet.Design/methodology/approachA consumer survey was carried out in Thessaloniki (Greece) and 337 self‐reported questionnaires from tomato consumers were used in the analysis. The major consumer segments are illustrated and interventions to promote tomato consumption are suggested.FindingsThe findings from principal component analysis indicate that the main factors that influence consumption of fresh tomatoes are: “nutrition value”, “organoleptic characteristics” of tomatoes and “eating habits” of consumers. A two‐step cluster analysis revealed three segments of tomato consumers labelled as “Tomato‐loyals”, “Sensorialists” and “Health‐conscious”.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal the consumption characteristics of each consumer segment where tailored social marketing plans can be developed based on this work. The findings will be of interest to food marketers and food policy makers, as they can contribute to addressing obesity problems in Europe in general and Mediterranean countries in particular.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the underlying reasons for eating fresh tomatoes, which can lead to the adoption of a healthy diet and can support policies towards that. It also reveals new consumer segments and highlights differences between them. In addition, it highlights the interventions to increase tomato consumption of each segment. Finally, it employs a cluster analysis technique, two‐step cluster analysis, which has not been widely used in marketing research.
Using the Knowledge Transfer Partnership approach in undergraduate education and practice‐based training to encourage employer engagement
Authors: Harris Margaret , Chisholm Colin , Burns George 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual viewpoint which proposes the use of the post graduate Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) approach to learning in undergraduate education and practice‐based training.Design/methodology/approachThis is an examination of the KTP approach and how this could be used effectively in undergraduate education and training to encourage and increase practice‐based learning and employer engagement. The methodology consists of a literature review, and a case study of the KTP approach. The literature reviewed examines the KTP approach, employer engagement in education and strategic government approaches to stimulate investment in knowledge and skills for workforce development, and the development of practice‐based learning in the UK. The KTP provides a case study to illustrate a successful model of employer engagement, which benefits all parties to it, and assists with the strategic development required by successive governments.FindingsThe suggestions are based on the authors’ investigation and their understanding and experience of: the KTP approach; practice‐based learning; undergraduate education; and learning and teaching approaches. The paper suggests that the KTP approach (normally a post‐graduate model) could be extended to undergraduate education to provide sustainable practice‐based learning that fits well with the strategies and ideologies of government, employers and academia.Practical implicationsBarriers to employer and academic engagement, such as that linked to the confused terminology used to describe practice‐based learning, and competing political ideologies, should be researched further to gain a better understanding of how to mitigate these in order to make the KTP approach in undergraduate education successful. The implications are that synergistic development of the KTP approach in an increased range of academic and workplace partnerships needs to be done before a fully tested model could be agreed.Originality/valueThe originality is the idea of utilising a well acknowledged post‐graduate model of learning within an undergraduate environment. The value is to increase the awareness of the benefits of the KTP and how the approach could be adapted for use in undergraduate environments for the eventual benefit of students, academics, employers and policy makers.
The need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia lower and higher learning institutions
Authors: Zamberi Ahmad Syed 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to focus on relevant issues of entrepreneurship education, such as target groups for the subject. It advocates the need for inclusion of entrepreneurship education as a subject in the curricula of all primary, secondary and tertiary learning institutions in Malaysia and other developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the current structure of entrepreneurship education at the different educational levels.FindingsEnterprise education should not be equated solely to any specific institutions but throughout all phases of education systems.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurship education is reviewed in its totality. This is beneficial to educators and policy‐makers that are involved in setting or facilitating entrepreneurship educational programmes.Originality/valueThe paper provides an evaluation of the state‐of‐the‐art of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia. The educational institutions will require much restructuring to enhance skill development for entrepreneurship.
Teachers implementing entrepreneurship education: classroom practices
Authors: Ruskovaara Elena , Pihkala Timo 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis study aims to highlight the entrepreneurship education practices teachers use in their work. Another target is to analyze how these practices differ based on a number of background factors.Design/methodology/approachThis article presents a quantitative analysis of 521 teachers and other entrepreneurship education actors. The paper first examines the overall picture of entrepreneurship education practices. Then, after a factor analysis, the paper builds new sum measures of entrepreneurship education practices. Finally, the paper studies the teachers’ background information to further analyze the entrepreneurship education practices.FindingsThe findings provide information on which methods appear to be used the most frequently in basic and upper secondary education, and how these practices vary between different school levels. The results also indicate that the perception teachers have of their own entrepreneurship education skills is closely connected to the implementation of entrepreneurship education. Moreover, the findings present the connection between teacher training and the implementation of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueTeachers’ entrepreneurship education practices and related teaching and working methods are important in many respects. As research has primarily focused on higher education where the transferability of the results to basic and upper secondary education seems vague, this paper concentrates on the teachers’ role and especially their practices in lower education. The authors consider that their article has a special value in exploring and opening dialogue in this area.
ICT and knowledge management: perspectives from the SECI model
Authors: Sian Lee Chei , Kelkar Rujuta S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe primary purposes of this paper are to understand perceptions regarding ICT use to support knowledge management (KM) and to identify suitable ICTs to support such initiatives. The aim is to study these objectives from the theoretical perspectives of the SECI model (i.e. socialization, externalization, combination and internalization).Design/methodology/approachA total of 100 working professionals who had prior KM implementation experiences participated in an online survey.FindingsThe authors found that survey respondents held positive attitudes towards the use of ICT to support different phases of the SECI model. It was also found that single ICT as well as varied combinations of ICTs were frequently used to facilitate the different phases of the SECI model.Research limitations/implicationsThe nature of this study may reduce the generalizability of its findings to other tasks or economic and cultural environments. Replication of this study in other contexts (e.g. other industries) would be extremely useful.Practical implicationsUnderstanding individuals' perceptions of ICT use as well as use of ICTs to support KM practices is important as it may affect the outcome of KM initiatives. Further, since spending on KM software and services are predicted to increase in the coming years, this research is therefore very timely.Originality/valueThis study systematically examines the use of single ICT as well as combinations of ICTs to facilitate different phases of the SECI model. This will contribute to an understanding of how ICT can be used to support KM initiatives in organizations.
China's new energy vehicles: value and innovation
Authors: Kimble Chris , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe overarching theme of this article is the importance of innovations that are created within the emerging economies. More specifically, the article aims to focus on the development of various alternatives to vehicles powered by the internal combustion engine, new energy vehicles (NEVs), within China.Design/methodology/approachThe broad strategic approach of two sectors within the NEV sector in China, the pure electric vehicle (EV) and the low‐speed electric vehicle (LSEV) sectors, are compared using recent data and conclusions are drawn.FindingsThe EV sector is viewed by central government as a key sector for China's future industrial growth and is heavily supported. In contrast, the LSEV sector receives no support from central government and yet clearly outstrips the sales of EVs. The article argues that the latter's success is a reflection of the LSEV sector's focus on business model rather than technological innovation.Practical implicationsThe article highlights the importance of monitoring innovations that come from within emerging economies and also illustrates the benefits that can come from commercially focused innovations rather than those based on technology.Social implicationsFinding alternatives to vehicles powered by fossil fuels is one of the most important challenges facing the world today. This article looks at the search for one alternative and examines its implications.Originality/valueThe article examines a business sector that is peculiarly Chinese and yet has potential implications far beyond China. It also contains recent sales figures and other data collected directly from sources in China.