bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zooplankton production in the Bay of Quinte 1975–2008: relationships with primary production, habitat, planktivory, and aquatic invasive species (Dreissena spp. andCercopagis pengoi)
Authors: Johannsson Ora E. , Bowen Kelly L. 
Published: November 2012

The Bay of Quinte, a long, shallow, high-phosphorus system in Lake Ontario, spans a trophic range from eutrophic (upper Bay) to meso-oligotrophic (mouth). Phosphorus control (PC) and the invasion of dreissenid mussels and Cercopagis pengoi have influenced its biology and environment. We elucidated the principal drivers behind zooplankton production in the Bay from pre-PC times to the present (1975–2008). Production of abundant species was calculated using the egg-ratio method. Production estimates were improved by determining system-specific production/biomass (P/B) relationships for rarer species. Planktivory governed zooplankton production initially, likely preventing a response to PC. With changes in the fish community, zooplankton production increased. Thereafter, the principal drivers were the structure and size of the fish community, shifts in the predatory arena associated with changing light penetration, temperature, and addition of C. pengoi — all within a general context of nutrient availability. Dreissenid impacts were indirect. Interactive variables combining measures of predation, nutrient level, light, and temperature were the best at accounting for variability in zooplankton production.
Use of the Cytokinesis-Blocked Micronucleus Assay to Detect Gender Differences and Genetic Instability in a Lung Cancer Case–Control Study
Authors: McHugh Michelle K. , Lopez Mirtha S. , Ho Chung-Han , Spitz Margaret R. , Etzel Carol J. , El-Zein Randa A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Although tobacco exposure is the predominant risk factor for lung cancer, other environmental agents are established lung carcinogens. Measuring the genotoxic effect of environmental exposures remains equivocal, as increases in morbidity and mortality may be attributed to coexposures such as smoking.
Methods: We evaluated genetic instability and risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to environmental agents (e.g., exhaust) and smoking among 500 lung cancer cases and 500 controls using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Linear regression was applied to estimate the adjusted means of the CBMN endpoints (micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate lung cancer risk and to control for potential confounding by age, gender, and smoking.
Results: Cases showed significantly higher levels of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges as compared with controls (mean ± SEM = 3.54 ± 0.04 vs. 1.81 ± 0.04 and mean ± SEM = 4.26 ± 0.03 vs. 0.99 ± 0.03, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) with no differences among participants with or without reported environmental exposure. No differences were observed when stratified by smoking or environmental exposure among cases or controls. A difference in lung cancer risk was observed between nonexposed male and female heavy smokers, although it was not statistically significant (I2 = 64.9%; P value for Q statistic = 0.09).
Conclusions: Our study confirms that the CBMN assay is an accurate predictor of lung cancer and supports the premise that heavy smoking may have an effect on DNA repair capacity and in turn modulate the risk of lung cancer.
Impact: Identifying factors that increase lung cancer risk may lead to more effective prevention measures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 135–45. ©2012 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Comparing the Effects of Drugs and T Cells to Effectively Target Oncogenes
Authors: Anders Kathleen , Blankenstein Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMutant cancer-driving oncogenes are the best therapeutic targets, both with drugs like small-molecule inhibitors (SMI) and adoptive T-cell therapy (ATT), the most effective form of immunotherapy. Cancer cell survival often depends on oncogenes, which implies that they are homogenously expressed by all cancer cells and are difficult to select against. Mutant oncogene-directed therapy is relatively selective, as it targets preferentially the oncogene-expressing cancer cells. Both SMI and ATT can be highly effective in relevant preclinical models as well as selected clinical situations, and both share the risk of therapy resistance, facilitated by the frequent genetic instability of cancer cells. Recently, both therapies were compared in the same experimental model targeting the same oncogene. It showed that the oncogene-inactivating drug selected resistant clones, leading eventually to tumor relapse, whereas ATT eradicated large established tumors completely. The mode of tumor destruction likely explained the different outcome with only ATT destroying the tumor vasculature. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for tumor regression and relapse will define optimal conditions for the clinic. We argue that the ideal conditions of ATT in the experimental cancer model can be translated to individuals with cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 320–6. ©2012 AACR.
Impact of clopidogrel and potent P2Y12-inhibitors on mortality and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Komócsi András , Vorobcsuk András , Serebruany Victor L. , Aradi Dániel 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAdministration of a P2Y12-receptor antagonist in addition to aspirin is mandatory in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce the occurrence of thrombotic events; however, their impact on mortality and stroke is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the influence of moderate (clopidogrel) or potent (prasugrel/ticagrelor) P2Y12-receptor inhibition on major cardiovascular outcomes among patients with ACS or undergoing PCI. Systematic literature search was performed to find randomised, controlled clinical trials comparing the clinical impact of clopidogrel with placebo or prasugrel/ticagrelor versus clopidogrel. Outcome measures included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), total stroke and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Random-effects model with Mantel-Heanszel weighting was used to pool outcomes into a meta-analysis. Four studies comparing clopidogrel with placebo and five trials comparing clopidogrel with new P2Y12-receptor inhibitors were identified including a total of 107,473 patients. Compared to placebo, clopidogrel reduced the risk of cardiovascular death (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.99, p=0.02), MI (OR 0.80; 95%CI 0.74–0.88, p<0.00001) and stroke (OR 0.84; 95%CI 0.72–0.97, p=0.02), without influencing risk for ICH (OR 0.96;& 95%CI 0.69–1.33, p=0.79). Treatment with prasugrel/ticagrelor provided additional benefit over clopidogrel regarding cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.78–0.94, p=0.002) and MI (OR: 0.83; 95%CI 0.74–0.93, p<0.001), but no advantage in stroke (OR: 1.06; 95%CI 0.88–1.26, p=0.55) and in ICH (OR: 1.16; 95%CI 0.75–1.81; p=0.49) was observed. Increased potency of P2Y12-receptor inhibition is associated with decreased risk in cardiovascular death and MI; however, this association is not true in case of stroke, where potent P2Y12-receptor antagonists have no incremental benefit over clopidogrel.
Neutrophil Proteinase 3 Acts on Protease-Activated Receptor-2 to Enhance Vascular Endothelial Cell Barrier Function
Authors: Kuckleburg Christopher J. , Newman Peter J. 
Published: November 2012

Objective—
The principle role of the vascular endothelium is to present a semi-impermeable barrier to soluble factors and circulating cells, while still permitting the passage of leukocytes from the bloodstream into the tissue. The process of diapedesis involves the selective disruption of endothelial cell junctions, which could compromise vascular integrity. It is therefore somewhat surprising that neutrophil transmigration does not significantly impair endothelial barrier function. We examined whether neutrophils might secrete factors that promote vascular integrity during the latter stages of neutrophil transmigration, in particular, the role of neutrophil serine proteinase 3 (PR3).

Methods and Results—
Endothelial cells were treated with PR3 either in its soluble form or in a complex form with cell surface NB1. We observed that PR3 mediated the enhancement of endothelial cell junctional integrity and that this required its proteolytic activity, as well as endothelial cell expression of the protease-activated receptor-2. Importantly, PR3 suppressed the vascular permeability changes and disruption of junctional proteins induced by the action of protease-activated receptor-1 agonists.

Conclusion—
These findings establish the potential for neutrophil-derived PR3 to play a role in reestablishing vascular integrity after leukocyte transmigration and in protecting endothelial cells from protease-activated receptor-1-induced permeability changes that occur during thrombotic and inflammatory events.
Fibromodulin Deficiency Reduces Low-Density Lipoprotein Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Plaques in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice
Authors: Shami Annelie , Gustafsson Renata , Kalamajski Sebastian , Krams Rob , Segers Dolf , Rauch Uwe , Roos Gunnel , Nilsson Jan , Oldberg Åke , Hultgårdh-Nilsson Anna 
Published: November 2012

Objective—
The aim of this study was to analyze how an altered collagen structure affects development of atherosclerotic plaques.

Methods and Results—
Fibromodulin-null mice develop an abnormal collagen fibril structure. In apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null and ApoE/fibromodulin-null mice, a shear stress-modifying carotid artery cast induced formation of atherosclerotic plaques of different phenotypes; inflammatory in low-shear stress regions and fibrous in oscillatory shear stress regions. Electron microscopy showed that collagen fibrils were thicker and more heterogeneous in oscillatory shear stress lesions from ApoE/fibromodulin-null mice. Low-shear stress lesions were smaller in ApoE/fibromodulin-null mice and contained less lipids. Total plaque burden in aortas stained en face with Oil Red O, as well as lipid accumulation in aortic root lesions, was also decreased in ApoE/fibromodulin-null mice. In addition, lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 macrophages cultured on fibromodulin-deficient extracellular matrix was decreased, whereas levels of interleukin-6 and -10 were increased. Our results show that an abnormal plaque collagen fibril structure can influence atherosclerotic plaque development.

Conclusion—
The present findings suggest a more complex role for collagen in plaque stability than previously anticipated, in that it may promote lipid-accumulation and inflammation at the same time as it provides mechanical stability.
Evaluation of Cardiac Function by Magnetic Resonance Imaging During the Follow-Up of Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Tacke Carline E. , Romeih Soha , Kuipers Irene M. , Spijkerboer Anje M. , Groenink Maarten , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Although histopathologic studies suggest persistent myocardial abnormalities after Kawasaki disease (KD), the long-term effects on cardiac function remain to be revealed. We investigated biventricular volumes, function, and the presence of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during long-term follow-up of KD.

Methods and Results—

Sixty patients with a history of KD (mean age, 16.9 years; 67% men; median interval after KD onset, 11.6 years) and 20 healthy control subjects (mean age, 17.9 years; 55% men) 12 to 24 years of age underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Biventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction were determined. Volumetric measurements were indexed for body surface area. Late contrast enhancement was used to detect areas of myocardial fibrosis. Biventricular volumes and function did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects. There were also no significant differences between patients with and without a history of left ventricular dysfunction resulting from KD-associated myocarditis or between patients with and without coronary artery aneurysms. Only those with prior ischemic heart disease had a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared with unaffected KD cases (left ventricular ejection fraction, 51% versus 57%;
P
=0.012). Late contrast enhancement was observed in only 2 patients with severe coronary artery aneurysms and was typical for myocardial infarction.

Conclusions—
In this cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study evaluating the cardiac function of patients with KD at long-term follow-up, we did not observe a difference in cardiac function between KD patients and control subjects, except for a subgroup of patients with ischemic heart disease as a result of severe coronary artery pathology.
Stroke-Related Early Tracheostomy Versus Prolonged Orotracheal Intubation in Neurocritical Care Trial (SETPOINT)
Authors: Bösel Julian , Schiller Petra , Hook Yvonne , Andes Michaela , Neumann Jan-Oliver , Poli Sven , Amiri Hemasse , Schönenberger Silvia , Peng Zhongying , Unterberg Andreas , Hacke Werner , Steiner Thorsten 
Published: November 2012

Background and Purpose—
Optimal timing of tracheostomy in ventilated patients with severe stroke is unclear. We aimed to investigate feasibility, safety, and potential advantages of early tracheostomy in these intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods—
This prospective, randomized, parallel-group, controlled, open, and outcome-masked pilot trial was conducted in neurological/neurosurgical ICUs of a university hospital. Patients with severe ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and an estimated need for at least 2 weeks of ventilation were randomized to either early tracheostomy (within day 1–3 from intubation; early) or to standard tracheostomy (between day 7–14 from intubation if extubation could not be achieved or was not feasible; standard). The primary outcome was length of stay in the ICU; secondary outcomes were diverse aspects of the ICU course.

Results—

Sixty patients were randomized and analyzed. No differences were observed with regard to the primary outcome length of stay in the ICU (median 18 [interquartile range 16–28] versus 17 [interquartile range 13–22] days, median difference: 1 [−2 to 6];
P
=0.38) or to most secondary outcomes, including adverse effects. Instead, use of sedatives (62% versus 42% of ICU stay, median difference 17.5 [3.3–29.2];
P
=0.02), ICU mortality (ICU deaths 3 [10%] versus 14 [47%];
P
<0.01) and 6-month mortality (deaths 8 [27%] versus 18 [60%];
P
=0.02) were lower in the early group than in the standard group, respectively.

Conclusions—
Early tracheostomy in ventilated intensive care stroke patients is feasible, and safe, and presumably reduces sedation need. Whether the suggested benefits in mortality and outcome truly exist has to be determined by a larger multicenter trial.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01261091.
Climatic Variability of Near-Surface Turbulent Kinetic Energy over the United States: Implications for Fire-Weather Predictions
Authors: Heilman Warren E. , Bian Xindi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent research suggests that high levels of ambient near-surface atmospheric turbulence are often associated with rapid and sometimes erratic wildland fire spread that may eventually lead to large burn areas. Previous research has also examined the feasibility of using near-surface atmospheric turbulent kinetic energy (TKEs) alone or in combination with the Haines index (HI) as an additional indicator of anomalous atmospheric conditions conducive to erratic or extreme fire behavior. However, the application of TKEs-based indices for operational fire-weather predictions in the United States on a regional or national basis first requires a climatic assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns of the indices that can then be used for testing their operational effectiveness. This study provides an initial examination of some of the spatial and temporal variability patterns across the United States of TKEs and the product of HI and TKEs (HITKEs) using data from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset covering the 1979–2008 period. The analyses suggest that there are regional differences in the behavior of these indices and that regionally dependent threshold values for TKEs and HITKEs may be needed for their potential use as operational indicators of anomalous atmospheric turbulence conditions conducive to erratic fire behavior. The analyses also indicate that broad areas within the northeastern, southeastern, and southwestern regions of the United States have experienced statistically significant positive trends in TKEs and HITKEs values over the 1979–2008 period, with the most substantial increases in values occurring over the 1994–2008 period.
Modulation of Seasonal Precipitation over the Tropical Western/Central Pacific by Convectively Coupled Mixed Rossby–Gravity Waves
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe relationship between the interannual variations of the activity of convectively coupled equatorial waves and seasonal mean precipitation in the tropical western to central Pacific Ocean is investigated. It is found that the convectively coupled mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves are highly and negatively correlated with the seasonal precipitation near the equator in boreal summer. It is suggested that the MRG waves, which have convection centers off the equator, suppress the equatorial precipitation. The relation is insignificant in the other seasons, when the interannual variation of sea surface temperature near the equator is greater than in boreal summer. Also, a similar relation is not found in the eastern Pacific in any season.
Latent Heat Flux and Canopy Conductance Based on Penman–Monteith, Priestley–Taylor Equation, and Bouchet’s Complementary Hypothesis
Authors: Mallick Kaniska , Jarvis Andrew , Fisher Joshua B. , Tu Kevin P. , Boegh Eva , Niyogi Dev 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel method is presented to analytically resolve the terrestrial latent heat flux (λE) and conductances (boundary layer gB and surface gS) using net radiation (RN), ground heat flux (G), air temperature (Ta), and relative humidity (RH). This method consists of set of equations where the two unknown internal state variables (gB and gS) were expressed in terms of the known core variables, combining diffusion equations, the Penman–Monteith equation, the Priestley–Taylor equation, and Bouchet’s complementary hypothesis. Estimated λE is validated with the independent eddy covariance λE observations over Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX-02); the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) selected sites from FLUXNET and tropics eddy flux, representing four climate zones (tropics, subtropics, temperate, and cold); and multiple biomes. The authors find a RMSE of 23.8–54.6 W m−2 for hourly λE over SMEX-02 and GCIP and 23.8–29.0 W m−2 for monthly λE over the FLUXNET and tropics. Observational and modeled evidence in the reduction in annual evaporation (E) pattern on the order of 33% from 1999 to 2006 was found in central Amazonia. Retrieved gS responded to vapor pressure deficit, measured λE, and gross photosynthesis in a theoretically robust behavior. However, the current scheme [Penman–Monteith–Bouchet–Lhomme (PMBL)] showed some overestimation of λE in limited soil moisture regimes. PMBL provides similar results when compared with another Priestley–Taylor–based λE estimation approach [Priestley–Taylor–Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL)] but with the advantage of having the conductances analytically recovered.
Housing, Security, and Employment in Post-Neoliberal Buenos Aires
Authors: Benwell Matthew Charles , Haselip James , Borello José Antonio 
Published: November 2012

The economic and social crisis in Argentina at the end of 2001 ended a decade of explicit free-market or neoliberal policies that had their roots in the country’s last military dictatorship (1976–1983). The current challenges facing the city, along with legacies of this recent past, include increasing social inequality, crime, poverty, and the difficulty of managing public services that were comprehensively privatized during the 1990s. State responses to these challenges have been more effective with regard to employment than with regard to their impact on housing and security. La crisis económica y social en Argentina a finales del 2001 acabó con una década de política de mercado libre o neoliberalismo que tenía sus raíces en la dictadura militar (1976–1983). Los desafíos contemporáneos que encara la ciudad, al lado de la herencia de su pasado reciente, incluye el agrandar del desequilibrio social, el crimen, la pobreza, y la dificultad del manejo de servicios públicos los cuales fueron privatizados comprensivamente durante los 1990. Las respuestas del estado a estos retos han sido más eficaces en torno al empleo que en su impacto en la vivienda y la seguridad.
Multicenter phase 1 trial of intraventricular immunochemotherapy in recurrent CNS lymphoma
Authors: Rubenstein James L. , Li Jing , Chen Lingjing , Advani Ranjana , Drappatz Jan , Gerstner Elizabeth , Batchelor Tracy , Krouwer Hendrikus , Hwang James , Auerback Glenna , Kadoch Cigall , Lowell Clifford , Munster Pamela , Cha Soonmee , Shuman Marc A. , Damon Lloyd E. 
Published: November 2012

Key PointsPhase I study showed that intraventricular rituximab plus methotrexate is feasible and active in the treatment of refractory CNS lymphoma.