bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Property law and practice in seventeenth-century London
Authors: DOOLITTLE IAN 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThis article uses the Decrees issued by the London Fire Court to explore two aspects of property law and practice in the 1660s. The first is the use of trusts and settlements. The Decrees suggest that at least for property owners these were more widespread than previously thought. The second theme concerns women. Fathers and husbands used their property carefully to make provision for their daughters and wives. More than that, women were clearly active participants in the property ‘market’, despite the legal restrictions imposed on them. The conclusions emphasize the importance of looking beyond legal rules.
‘Division of labour’ in response to host oxidative burst drives a fatal Cryptococcus gattii outbreak
Authors: Voelz Kerstin , Johnston Simon A. , Smith Leanne M. , Hall Rebecca A. , Idnurm Alexander , May Robin C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCryptococcus gattii is an emerging intracellular pathogen and the cause of the largest primary outbreak of a life-threatening fungal disease in a healthy population. Outbreak strains share a unique mitochondrial gene expression profile and an increased ability to tubularize their mitochondria within host macrophages. However, the underlying mechanism that causes this lineage of C. gattii to be virulent in immunocompetent individuals remains unexplained. Here we show that a subpopulation of intracellular C. gattii adopts a tubular mitochondrial morphology in response to host reactive oxygen species. These fungal cells then facilitate the rapid growth of neighbouring C. gattii cells with non-tubular mitochondria, allowing for effective establishment of the pathogen within a macrophage intracellular niche. Thus, host reactive oxygen species, an essential component of the innate immune response, act as major signalling molecules to trigger a ‘division of labour’ in the intracellular fungal population, leading to increased pathogenesis within this outbreak lineage.
Identification of microRNAs involved in acute rejection and spontaneous tolerance in murine hepatic allografts
Authors: Morita Miwa , Chen Jiajie , Fujino Masayuki , Kitazawa Yusuke , Sugioka Atsushi , Zhong Liang , Li Xiao-Kang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGraft acceptance without the need for immunosuppressive drugs is the ultimate goal of transplantation therapy. In murine liver transplantation, allografts are accepted across major histocompatibility antigen complex barriers without the use of immunosuppressive drugs and constitute a suitable model for research on immunological rejection and tolerance. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been known to be involved in the immunological responses. In order to identify mRNAs in spontaneous liver allograft tolerance, miRNA expression in hepatic allografts was examined using this transplantation model. According to the graft pathological score and function, miR-146a, 15b, 223, 23a, 27a, 34a and 451 were upregulated compared with the expression observed in the syngeneic grafts. In contrast, miR-101a, 101b and 148a were downregulated. Our results demonstrated the alteration of miRNAs in the allografts and may indicate the role of miRNAs in the induction of tolerance after transplantation. Furthermore, our data suggest that monitoring the graft expression of novel miRNAs may allow clinicians to differentiate between rejection and tolerance. A better understanding of the tolerance inducing mechanism observed in murine hepatic allografts may provide a therapeutic strategy for attenuating allograft rejection.
Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and receptor Mas: a complex liaison
Authors: Villela Daniel , Leonhardt Julia , Patel Neal , Joseph Jason , Kirsch Sebastian , Hallberg Anders , Unger Thomas , Bader Michael , Santos Robson A. , Sumners Colin , Steckelings U. Muscha 
Published: October 2014

The angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) and the receptor Mas are components of the protective arms of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), i.e. they both mediate tissue protective and regenerative actions. The spectrum of actions of these two receptors and their signalling mechanisms display striking similarities. Moreover, in some instances, antagonists for one receptor are able to inhibit the action of agonists for the respective other receptor. These observations suggest that there may be a functional or even physical interaction of both receptors. This article discusses potential mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of blockade of angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)] actions by AT2R antagonists and vice versa. Such mechanisms may comprise dimerization of the receptors or dimerization-independent mechanisms such as lack of specificity of the receptor ligands used in the experiments or involvement of the Ang-(1–7) metabolite alamandine and its receptor MrgD in the observed effects. We conclude that evidence for a functional interaction of both receptors is strong, but that such an interaction may be species- and/or tissue-specific and that elucidation of the precise nature of the interaction is only at the very beginning.
Key Factors of Influence in Clinical Educator Relationships
Authors: Fredrickson Tammy , Moore Susan 
Published: October 2014

This article reviews the literature and resources for supervisory, mentorship, and preceptorship models in personnel preparation of graduate students in clinical education. Information presented highlights the critical aspect of clarifying expectations to facilitate foundations for relationships with students in pre-service programs. Survey results that indicate discrepancies between expectations for performance among students, preceptors, and clinical faculty are key factors of influence to the success of outcomes. Specific strategies to address or prevent discrepancies are included as examples.
This information was presented at the ASHA 2013 Convention in Chicago, IL.
Activity-dependent FUS dysregulation disrupts synaptic homeostasis
Authors: Sephton Chantelle F. , Tang Amy A. , Kulkarni Ashwinikumar , West James , Brooks Mieu , Stubblefield Jeremy J. , Liu Yun , Zhang Michael Q. , Green Carla B. , Huber Kimberly M. , Huang Eric J. , Herz Joachim , Yu Gang 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Both overexpression of wild-type fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein and missense mutations can be pathogenic in a group of related neurodegenerative disorders that includes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. It is unclear how FUS overexpression and missense mutations cause disease in human patients. In this work, we generated novel transgenic mouse models expressing low levels of wild-type and mutant human FUS, both of which recapitulate aspects of the human diseases. We found a profound difference in the underlying mechanisms by which missense mutation and wild-type overexpression cause disease. Overexpression of wild-type FUS protein alters its nuclear function at the level of gene expression. In contrast, missense mutation disrupts activity-dependent synaptic homeostasis to gain a toxic function at dendritic spines.
Response to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Drug Therapies in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Howard Luke S. , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Gin‐Sing Wendy , Grapsa Julia , Wilkins Martin R. , Davies Rachel J. , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Connolly Susan B. , Gibbs J. Simon R. 
Published: October 2014

The age at diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are increasing. We sought to determine whether the response to drug therapy was influenced by CV risk factors in PAH patients. We studied consecutive incident PAH patients (n = 146) between January 1, 2008, and July 15, 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: the PAH–No CV group included patients with no CV risk factors (obesity, systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, permanent atrial fibrillation, mitral and/or aortic valve disease, and coronary artery disease), and the PAH‐CV group included patients with at least one. The response to PAH treatment was analyzed in all the patients who received PAH drug therapy. The PAH–No CV group included 43 patients, and the PAH‐CV group included 69 patients. Patients in the PAH–No CV group were younger than those in the PAH‐CV group (P < 0.0001). In the PAH–No CV group, 16 patients (37%) improved on treatment and 27 (63%) did not improve, compared with 11 (16%) and 58 (84%) in the PAH‐CV group, respectively (P = 0.027 after adjustment for age). There was no difference in survival at 30 months (P = 0.218). In conclusion, in addition to older age, CV risk factors may predict a reduced response to PAH drug therapy in patients with PAH.
Differential regulation enrichment analysis via the integration of transcriptional regulatory network and gene expression data
Authors: Ma Shining , Jiang Tao , Jiang Rui 
Published: October 2014

Motivation: Although many gene set analysis methods have been proposed to explore associations between a phenotype and a group of genes sharing common biological functions or involved in the same biological process, the underlying biological mechanisms of identified gene sets are typically unexplained.Results: We propose a method called Differential Regulation-based enrichment Analysis for GENe sets (DRAGEN) to identify gene sets in which a significant proportion of genes have their transcriptional regulatory patterns changed in a perturbed phenotype. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to demonstrate the capability of our method in identifying differentially regulated gene sets. We further apply our method to three human microarray expression datasets, two with hormone treated and control samples and one concerning different cell cycle phases. Results indicate that the capability of DRAGEN in identifying phenotype-associated gene sets is significantly superior to those of four existing methods for analyzing differentially expressed gene sets. We conclude that the proposed differential regulation enrichment analysis method, though exploratory in nature, complements the existing gene set analysis methods and provides a promising new direction for the interpretation of gene expression data.Availability and implementation: The program of DRAGEN is freely available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/dragen/.Contact: ruijiang@tsinghua.edu.cn or jiang@cs.ucr.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FuncPatch: a web server for the fast Bayesian inference of conserved functional patches in protein 3D structures
Authors: Huang Yi-Fei , Golding G. Brian 
Published: October 2014

Motivation: A number of statistical phylogenetic methods have been developed to infer conserved functional sites or regions in proteins. Many methods, e.g. Rate4Site, apply the standard phylogenetic models to infer site-specific substitution rates and totally ignore the spatial correlation of substitution rates in protein tertiary structures, which may reduce their power to identify conserved functional patches in protein tertiary structures when the sequences used in the analysis are highly similar. The 3D sliding window method has been proposed to infer conserved functional patches in protein tertiary structures, but the window size, which reflects the strength of the spatial correlation, must be predefined and is not inferred from data. We recently developed GP4Rate to solve these problems under the Bayesian framework. Unfortunately, GP4Rate is computationally slow. Here, we present an intuitive web server, FuncPatch, to perform a fast approximate Bayesian inference of conserved functional patches in protein tertiary structures.Results: Both simulations and four case studies based on empirical data suggest that FuncPatch is a good approximation to GP4Rate. However, FuncPatch is orders of magnitudes faster than GP4Rate. In addition, simulations suggest that FuncPatch is potentially a useful tool complementary to Rate4Site, but the 3D sliding window method is less powerful than FuncPatch and Rate4Site. The functional patches predicted by FuncPatch in the four case studies are supported by experimental evidence, which corroborates the usefulness of FuncPatch.Availability and implementation: The software FuncPatch is freely available at the web site, http://info.mcmaster.ca/yifei/FuncPatchContact: golding@mcmaster.caSupplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Therapeutic uses of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies
Authors: Philips George K. , Atkins Michael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Despite extensive investigation over the past three decades, cancer immunotherapy has produced limited success, with few agents achieving approval by the Food and Drug Administration and even the most effective helping only a minority of patients, primarily with melanoma or renal cancer. In recent years, immune checkpoints that maintain physiologic self-tolerance have been implicated in the down-regulation of anti-tumor immunity. Efforts to restore latent anti-tumor immunity have focused on antibody-based interventions targeting CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T lymphocytes and its principal ligand (PD-L1) on tumor cells. Ipilimumab, an antibody targeting CTLA-4, appears to restore tumor immunity at the priming phase, whereas anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies restore immune function in the tumor microenvironment. Although ipilimumab can produce durable long-term responses in patients with advanced melanoma, it is associated with significant immune-related toxicities. By contrast, antibodies targeting either PD-1 or PD-L1 have produced significant anti-tumor activity with considerably less toxicity. Activity was seen in patients with melanoma and renal cancer, as well as those with non-small-cell lung, bladder and head and neck cancers, tumors not previously felt to be sensitive to immunotherapy. The tolerability of PD-1-pathway blockers and their unique mechanism of action have made them ideal backbones for combination regimen development. Combination approaches involving cytotoxic chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, alternative immune-checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory cytokines and cancer vaccines are currently under clinical investigation. Current efforts focus on registration trials of single agents and combinations in various diseases and disease settings and identifying predictive biomarkers of response.
Assessing the quality of life among caregivers of patients with gliomas
Authors: Minaya Flores Patricia , Berbis Julie , Chinot, Olivier , Auquier Pascal 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of gliomas in caregivers' quality of life (QoL) and to compare this specific population to other oncology caregivers and the normative population in order to find differences and understand which aspects of QoL are more impacted.

Methods
The sample was composed of caregivers of patients with gliomas from the Neuro-Oncology Department of Timone University Hospital of Marseilles, France. Control caregivers were selected from different oncology departments and were matched with caregivers of patients with brain cancer on age, sex, and relationship with the patients. We used the specific CareGiver Oncology Quality of Life questionnaire (CarGOQoL) to assess the impact of cancer and its treatment on caregivers' QoL. Caregivers also completed the Short Form 36 (SF36) for comparison with the French normative sample.

Results
The study sample included 50 caregivers of patients with gliomas, aged 30–77 years, 28% of whom were men. When comparing specific CarGOQoL scores with those of the control caregivers, brain cancer caregivers had significantly lower scores for the burden and leisure time dimensions, with an effect size of 0.4. No significant differences between cases and controls were observed with SF36.

Conclusion
Caregivers of patients with gliomas showed increased burden scores and lower scores for the leisure time dimension. This could be explained by their unique care situation, in which patients become more limited physically and cognitively.
Unveiling the nature of coronae in active galactic nuclei through submillimeter observations
Authors: Inoue Yoshiyuki , Doi Akihiro 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The heating mechanism of a corona above an accretion disk in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still unknown. One possible mechanism is magnetic reconnection heating requiring energy equipartition between magnetic energy and gas energy in the disk. Here, we investigate the expected observed properties in the radio band from such a magnetized corona. A magnetized corona can generate synchrotron radiation since a huge amount of electrons exists. Although most of the radiation would be absorbed by synchrotron self-absorption, high-frequency end of synchrotron emission can escape from a corona and appear at the submillimeter range. If only thermal electrons exist in a corona, the expected flux from nearby Seyferts is below the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) sensitivity. However, if non-thermal electrons coexist in a corona, ALMA can measure the non-thermal tail of the synchrotron radiation from a corona. Such a non-thermal population is naturally expected to exist if the corona is heated by magnetic reconnections. Future ALMA observations will directly probe the coronal magnetic field strength and the existence of non-thermal electrons in coronae of AGNs.
OFDI promotion policies in emerging economies: the Brazilian and Chinese strategies
Authors: Carlos Zalaf Caseiro Luiz , Masiero Gilmar 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to analyze how the Brazilian and Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) policies can contribute to the economic development of their home countries.Design/methodology/approach– The aforementioned objective is achieved through a comparative analysis of the Brazilian and Chinese OFDI policies within a new theoretical framework for examining the developmental implications of OFDI. Both primary and secondary data are utilized to compare Brazilian and Chinese strategies.Findings– It was concluded that Brazil and China have shifted from a development strategy centered on internal market self-sufficiency to one that seeks international economic prominence by, among other strategies, adopting OFDI support as a part of their industrial policy agenda. However, while the Chinese Government has focused on cross-national acquisitions of assets that are scarce within the country, the Brazilian Government has preferred to support industries that are already highly competitive internationally. The Chinese strategy has a greater potential to generate positive spillovers to domestic economy.Social implications– This paper ends with recommendations on how Brazil, in particular, and emerging economies, in general, may improve their OFDI policies.Originality/value– The contribution of this paper to the existent literature relies both on its approach and on its theoretical framework. Differing from the majority of the studies on the internationalization of companies from emerging economies, this paper emphasizes the importance of industrial policies to support OFDI and the developmental dimension of these policies. The authors believe that the theoretical framework developed here can be extended to further analysis of OFDI policies from other emerging economies. Policymakers may also benefit from the conclusions of this research.
Driving first-time and repeat spectators to a motor sport event
Authors: Del Chiappa Giacomo , Tinaz Cem , Michele Turco Douglas 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine the differences in expenditure and satisfaction level between first-time and repeat spectators to a motor sport event, as well as differences in their intention to return and to recommend the host destination.

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected on-site during the 2012 Federation Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) World Rally Championship (WRC) in Sardinia via 210 interviews. A series of descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, chi-square tests and regression analysis were run for the purposes of the study.

Findings
– Findings showed first-timers spend more and are more satisfied than repeaters, even if no significant differences were reported. Repeaters reported to be more willing to return and to recommend, with significant differences, only in the intention to return.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is based on a convenience sample of a relatively small size, and it might be influenced by the idiosyncratic characteristics of the location. Further, it does not consider the mediating effect that the budget of spectators and their travel/event career ladder can exert over their behaviour.

Practical implications
– Destination marketers and event organizers need to run their marketing operations to renew their customer mix and/or to increase the standard level of quality to be delivered to repeaters. Further, their marketing and communication strategy should be personalized, and incentives should be given to encourage both groups to purchase multiple products simultaneously.

Originality/value
– The paper adds to the growing, and often still inconsistent, research aiming to compare first-timers’ and repeat visitors’ behaviours by offering insights from the context of motor sport events, where no published paper exist so far.
Quality management practices and their relationship to organizational performance
Authors: Sabella Anton , Kashou Rami , Omran Omar 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of total quality management (TQM) practices implemented in Palestinian hospitals and their relationship to organizational performance using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria.Design/methodology/approach– A survey of 51 hospitals operating in the West Bank of Palestine was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of TQM constructs and their relationship to organizational performance.Findings– The results showed that TQM constructs used in this study are positively related to hospital performance and for the most part the relationship was significant; they were capable of explaining a significant portion of variance in performance. Three elements were found to be strongly significant predictors of performance- people management, process management, and information and analysis.Research limitations/implications– Although hospitals operating in the Gaza Strip were excluded from the study, this research promotes critical management practices that help channeling organization resources into areas aimed at improving quality and performance.Practical implications– The study showed that there are certain areas where administrators or managers need to focus on should they aspire for better performance. The constructs used in this study can be used to assess the implementation of quality practices and highlight areas for movement.Originality/value– This paper provided practitioners, administrators, and academics with a fresh perspective on quality management practices and their impact on organizational performance. It also served as a foundation for future initiatives and programs aimed at improving quality in hospitals.