bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Playback Speed and Distractions on the Comprehension of Audio and Audio-Visual Materials
Authors: Chen Ashley , Kumar Suchita E. , Varkhedi Rhea , Murphy Dillon H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the modern age, we often consume content at faster than its normal speed. Prior research suggests that watching lecture videos at speeds up to 2x does not significantly affect performance, but the mechanisms by which comprehension is preserved at faster playback speeds are not fully understood. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether there is an effect of speed when the content is audio only, varies in modality (audio-only, audio-visual) and content (textual, pictorial), or is accompanied by distractions. In four experiments, we found that: (1) increasing playback speed to 2.5x speed did not impair test performance (though we still do not advise exceeding 2x speed); (2) having a visual aspect (i.e., presentation slides, instructor images) to learning can be advantageous, especially when processing information at faster speeds; (3) there was a small benefit of receiving textual over pictorial presentations, and the effect did not vary by speed; (4) computer-based distractions (i.e., phone calls, text messages, email notifications) did not impact performance at 1x or 2x speed. Hence, students are more adept at learning at faster speeds than conventional wisdom would suggest, even with distractions present, demonstrating intact comprehension at double the natural speed of to-be-learned material. Furthermore, multimedia presentations can help mitigate the negative costs of accelerated speeds, especially when information is processed by separate working memory components (i.e., narration in the auditory channel, text or pictures in the visual channel), which reduces cognitive load.
Shame-Sensitive Public Health
Authors: Cooper Fred , Dolezal Luna , Rose Arthur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, we argue that shaming interventions and messages during Covid-19 have drawn the relationship between public health and shame into a heightened state of contention, offering us a valuable opportunity to reconsider shame as a desired outcome of public health work, and to push back against the logics of individual responsibility and blame for illness and disease on which it sits. We begin by defining shame and demonstrating how it is conceptually and practically distinct from stigma. We then set out evidence on the consequences of shame for social and relational health outcomes and assess the past and present dimensions of shame in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, primarily through a corpus of international news stories on the shaming of people perceived to have transgressed public health directions or advice. Following a brief note on shame (and policymaking) in a cultural context, we turn to the concept and practice of ‘shame-sensitivity’ in order to theorise a set of practical and adaptable principles that could be used to assist policymakers in short- and medium-term decision-making on urgent, tenacious, and emerging issues within public health. Finally, we consider the longer consequences of pandemic shame, making a wider case for the acknowledgement of the emotion as a key determinant of health.
Changes in Adolescents’ COVID-19-Health-Related Stress, Parent-Adolescent Relationships, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Personality Traits
Authors: Donker Monika H. , Mastrotheodoros Stefanos , Yanagida Takuya , Branje Susan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous studies investigated short-term effects of COVID-19 on families. However, much is unknown about how families with adolescents fared throughout the pandemic, as well as factors that might explain interindividual differences in adjustment. The current study used latent change score models to investigate associations between changes in adolescents’ mental health, parent-adolescent relationship quality, and COVID-19-health-related stress from Fall 2019 to Spring 2021, and whether personality predicted changes in adolescents’ mental health, relationship quality, and stress. Participants were 242 adolescents (Mage = 11.56, SD = 0.44, 50% girls). Parent-adolescent negative interactions decreased from before the pandemic to the first lockdown, and stronger decreases (both in this period and between Fall 2020 and Spring 2021) were associated with simultaneous stronger increases in mental health. From Spring to Fall 2020, decreases in stress were stronger for less extraverted adolescents and were associated with better mental health. More agreeable adolescents reported a stronger decrease in stress between Fall 2020 and Spring 2021. The findings suggest that it is important to consider heterogeneity in designing future intervention and prevention programs. Especially adolescents with existing problems and from multi-problem families might be at risk for adverse consequences during pandemic-like situations.
Antimicrobial silver loading onto reused high-density polyethylene matrices grafted with poly(4-vinylpyridine)
Authors: Gómez-Lázaro Belén , López-Saucedo Felipe , Flores-Rojas Guadalupe Gabriel , Camacho-Cruz Alejandro , Bucio Emilio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh-density polyethylene HDPE is a highly polluting plastic, and its reuse, reprocessing and modification are subjects of current research to mitigate environmental pollution. In recent times, it has been modified for specialized purposes as a harmless and resistant polymer. The present work details the modification of HDPE (obtained from Bonafont, Coke, and Gatorade caps) with the monomer 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) via radiation-induced grafting copolymerization initiated by gamma rays from a Co-60 source and with the subsequent Ag(I) loading using the reagent AgNO3 in aqueous medium. Poly(4VP) is widely used to retain metals and manufacture pH-responsive polymers, while Ag(I) is a recognized bactericide harmless to humans at therapeutic concentrations; therefore, both poly4VP and Ag(I) can work in a synergistic system against pathologic bacteria as is here proposed. We advance a favorable antimicrobial activity of the Ag-loaded graft copolymers evaluated in vitro with Kirby-Bauer tests against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, FTIR-ATR, TGA, contact angle, swelling, and pH response were carried out to complete the characterization.
From invisible to visible: a concise review on conjugated polymer materials in latent fingerprint analysis
Authors: Bashir Khushboo , Amin Muneeba , Majid Mansha , Butt Fayaz Ahmad , Rather Jahangir Ahmad , Wani Waseem A. , Khanday Waheed Ahmad , Malik Akhtar Hussain , Yatoo Mudasir A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, significant scientific and technological advancements have been made in the field of forensic science, particularly in the advancement of fingerprint technology. Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are considered to be the most crucial evidence found at crime scenes, necessitating extensive research efforts for their advancement. Conversely, conjugated polymers are extremely adaptable substances that are utilized in many domains like photonics, bio-imaging, optoelectronics, nanomedicine, and more. Conjugated polymers, especially conjugated polymer nanoparticles and polymer dots, exhibit remarkable photophysical and chemical features that contribute to their high resolution, enhanced selectivity, and heightened sensitivity in the development of LFPs. This provides a detailed overview of the production of LFPs utilizing conjugated polymers, as well as the imaging techniques employed for their visualization. Particular attention is given to conjugated polymer nanoparticles and polymer dots. In addition, the most often employed techniques for producing conjugated polymer-based nanoparticles have also been examined. Additionally, it encompasses the historical background of LFP identification and offers a valuable understanding of the diverse conventional approaches investigated for their advancement. This article offers a comprehensive examination of conjugated polymers as contrasting agents for imaging LFPs on different surfaces.
Analysis of drying characteristics and quality attributes in peach slices dried via electrohydrodynamic, hot air and electrohydrodynamic-hot air methods
Authors: Polat Ahmet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate drying times mathematical models and assess the color, rehydration capacity, and microstructure of dried peach using electrohydrodynamic (EHD), hot air, and electrohydrodynamic-hot air (EHD-hot air) drying methods. Peach samples were subjected to drying with two different air temperatures (50 and 55 °C) and electric field (EF, 6.67 and 10 kV cm−1) under constant air velocity (1.5 m s−1). The longest drying durations were obtained in the EHD method (720 and 600 min), followed by hot air (290 and 260 min) and EHD-hot air method (120, 140, 170, and 200 min), respectively. The drying curves were best described by the Midilli et al. and Logarithmic models. The L* values of the samples subjected to hot air drying were found to be lower than those obtained through other methods. No significant effect of the electric field on rehydration capacity was observed. The study revealed that increased temperature and electric field led to surface cracks on the peach. The study highlights the compatibility of the EHD method with the hot air method, suggesting its potential application within the drying industry. From these findings, it was seen that the EHD-hot air combination method could be an alternative to the hot air method in the food industry by reducing the drying time of peaches and considering that the color parameters are generally better than the hot air method.
Investigation of the Filling of a Spherical Pore Body with a Nonwetting Fluid: A Modeling Approach and Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis
Authors: Salama Amgad , Kou Jisheng , Sun Shuyu , Hefny Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of the filling process of a pore body with a nonwetting fluid is important in the context of dynamic pore network models and others. It can justify many of the assumptions behind the different rules that describe how the network behaves during imbibition and drainage processes. It also provides insight into the different regimes pertinent to this system. The filling process starts with the contact line pinning at the pore entrance. Three regimes can be identified during the filling process that is related to how the contact line advances. In the first two regimes, the contact line pins at the pore entrance while the emerging droplet develops, and in the third one, the contact line departs the entrance of the pore and advances along the pore surface. During the first regime, which is brief, the curvature of the meniscus increases, and likewise, the corresponding capillary pressure, while in the other two regimes, the curvature decreases and so does the capillary pressure. Such behavior results in the rate at which the nonwetting fluid invades the pore to change. It initially decreases, then increases as the meniscus advances. The radius of curvature of the meniscus, eventually, increases to infinity for which the interface assumes a flat configuration. A one-dimensional modeling approach is developed that accounts for all these regimes. The model also considers the two immiscible fluids over a wide spectrum of contrast in viscosity. Information about the mean velocity of the invading fluid, the location of the contact line, the radius of curvature of the meniscus, the volume of the emerging droplet, and several others are among the details that the model provides. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has also been considered to confirm the proposed fates of the interface and to provide a framework for comparisons. The results of the validation process show, generally, a very good match between the model and the CFD analysis.
Life cycle assessment of a circular textile value chain: the case of a garment made from chemically recycled cotton
Authors: Hammar Torun , Peñaloza Diego , Hanning Anne-Charlotte 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The textile industry faces major challenges in reducing environmental impacts along the whole value chain. The overall aim of this paper was to assess the potential environmental benefit of a circular textile value chain, by evaluating a garment partly made from a chemically recycled cellulose carbamate fibre. The cellulose carbamate technology is a novel technology that turns cotton-rich textile waste into a cotton-like regenerated fibre.

Methods
Life cycle assessment was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of a garment made from the chemically recycled fibre, considering the whole life cycle. The evaluation also considered that the garment was part of a take-back system, meaning that the garment is collected for recycling after consumer use and thereby helps in closing the loop of the circular textile value chain. The focus of the assessment was on climate impact, water scarcity impact and land use impact. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses were included to test parts of the European Commission’s product environmental footprint method, e.g. the impact of applying the circular footprint formula.

Results and discussion
The results showed that (1) using a recycled cellulose carbamate fibre over primary conventional cotton showed benefits in all considered environmental impact categories; (2) compared to organic cotton, the benefits were also shown for the land use impact category; (3) the cradle to gate processes were the main hotspots for the garment’s life cycle, meaning that using a recycled feedstock is not the only measure needed to reduce environmental burdens; (4) the use phase, and in particular using the garment to its full life length, is crucial for mitigating the environmental impact per garment use; and (5) methodological choices related to the use of recycled feedstock, and sending materials to recycling at end-of-life, affect the outcome of the study.

Conclusions
Selecting a chemically recycled cellulose carbamate fibre over primary fibres showed environmental benefits for the evaluated garment, but there are however trade-offs between different environmental impact categories and fibre types. Furthermore, using recycled fibres is one important step in reducing the environmental concerns of garments, but it is important to also make improvements along the whole textile value chain.
Forschungsethik, Barrierefreiheit und inklusive Forschung in der Kommunikationswissenschaft
Authors: Bigl Benjamin , Gognelashvili Ketevan , Gehrau Volker 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Überblicksbeitrag analysiert das Verhältnis zwischen forschungsethischen und forschungsmethodischen Anforderungen einerseits und barrierefreier und inklusiver Forschung andererseits. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Perspektiven aufgezeigt und diskutiert: Erstens zeigt er Implikationen aus der Forschungsethik in Bezug auf barrierefreie und inklusive Forschung auf. Zweitens stellt er die rechtlichen Grundlagen und deren Implikationen für die Forschungspraxis vor. Drittens wird eine aktuelle Online-Befragung der Scientific Community in Bezug auf die Kenntnisse rechtlicher Regelungen sowie die Verpflichtung zur Barrierefreiheit in der eigenen Forschungspraxis präsentiert. Viertens werden inklusive Studien in der Kommunikationswissenschaft betrachtet. Zum einen werden die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturanalyse von Studien zu Medien und unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Behinderungen referiert. Zum anderen wird mit einer inklusiven Studie mit Menschen mit Behinderungen zu kommunikativen Mitteln für eine barrierefreie Umfrageforschung gezeigt, wie inklusive Forschung in der Kommunikationswissenschaft gelingen kann. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die kommunikationswissenschaftliche Forschungspraxis erörtert.
Pharmacological Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Practice-Based Review
Authors: Giorgi Valeria , Sarzi-Puttini Piercarlo , Pellegrino Greta , Sirotti Silvia , Atzeni Fabiola , Alciati Alessandra , Torta Riccardo , Varrassi Giustino , Fornasari Diego , Coaccioli Stefano , Bongiovanni Sara Francesca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a complex chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and numerous other debilitating symptoms. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview, based on everyday clinical practice, of the drugs presently employed in the treatment of FMS.

Recent Findings
The treatment of FMS is based on a multimodal approach, with pharmacologic treatment being an essential pillar. The drugs used include tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, other antidepressants, anticonvulsants, myorelaxants, and analgesics. The effectiveness of these medications varies, and the choice of drug often depends on the specific symptoms presented by the patient. Many drugs tend to either address only some domains of the complex FMS symptomatology or have a limited effect on pain.

Summary
Each treatment option comes with potential side effects and risks that necessitate careful consideration. It may be beneficial to divide patients into clinical subpopulations, such as FMS with comorbid depression, for more effective treatment. Despite the complexities and challenges, the pharmacological treatment remains a crucial part for the management of FMS. This review aims to guide clinicians in prescribing pharmacological treatment to individuals with FMS.
An exploratory study of the mental health and emotional challenges of women inside Ghanaian witches’ camps
Authors: Yakubu Yakubu H. , Siegert Richard J. , Krägeloh Christian U. , Aziato Lydia , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor years, older women accused of witchcraft have been persecuted and forced into sanctuaries known as witch camps. This highlights a lack of public policies and social support for older women facing disabilities, aging, and dementia. Labelling them as witches and isolating them from their families and familiar surroundings profoundly impacts their emotional well-being. However, little is known about the mental health of older women in witch camps in northern Ghana. This study interviewed 15 women from the Gambaga witches camp, identifying five main themes and 21 related sub-themes: ‘Physical and Mental Health Issues,’ ‘Psychological Impacts of Displacement and Trauma,’ ‘Social Isolation and Emotional Distress,’ ‘Living Conditions,’ and ‘Community Support and Strategies for Improving Well-being.’ The sub-themes included ‘Physical problems (chronic body pain) impacting upon general health and well-being’, ‘Anxiety and nervousness’, ‘Sleep and restlessness- “can’t sit still”, ‘Suicidal thoughts and anger’, ‘Forgetfulness’, ‘Concentration and confusion’, ‘Loneliness, sadness from family disconnection’ and ‘stigma – self and others’, ‘Loss of respect and dignity (‘Dariza’)’, ‘Frailty and loss of independence’, ‘Feelings of helplessness, unhappiness, and despair’, ‘Lack of family support and dignity’, ‘Lack of basic needs, and inadequate social facilities’. Findings revealed the negative effects of cultural beliefs and discrimination on the mental health of these women. Addressing public stigma and challenging these beliefs can improve healthcare and outcomes, allowing older women to stay connected with their families, reduce depression, and lead meaningful lives.
A New Nomenclature for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD): Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT). Ketodiets and Nutraceuticals Expert Panels: “KetoNut”, Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI)
Authors: Barrea Luigi , Caprio Massimiliano , Grassi Davide , Cicero Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe , Bagnato Carmela , Paolini Barbara , Muscogiuri Giovanna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In an attempt to clarify the most appropriate nomenclature for the very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD), we propose to change the nomenclature and acronym of this medical nutrition therapy. The new definition and acronym proposed by the "KetoNut" panel of experts of the Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) is Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT).

Recent Findings
In the last few years, different authors have focused on the issue of confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets. In detail, have been differentiated the VLCKD that provides < 800 kcal per day, which is intended for the weight loss in the medical treatment of obesity, and a eucaloric ketogenic diet, which contains more calories from fat (predominantly unsaturated) and with specific ketogenic ratios, for allow growth in children while helping, at the same time, to establish epileptic seizure control.

Summary
In recent years, ketogenic diets have attracted great interest for their efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological diseases but also in patients with overweight and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, although ketogenic diets are a dietary intervention designed to induce nutritional ketosis, different diets with different macronutrients’ composition have been called with this name. The confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets may result in significant bias and mistakes in the interpretation of the current scientific evidence.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of particle diameter and void fraction on gas–solid two-phase flow: a numerical investigation using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach
Authors: Elreafay Adel M. , Salem Khaled M. , Abumandour Ramzy M. , Dawood A. S. , Al Nuaimi Saeed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSudden expansion pipes are crucial in fluid dynamics for studying flow behavior, turbulence, and pressure distribution in various systems. This study focuses on investigating the behavior of a two-phase flow, specifically a gas–solid turbulent flow, in a sudden expansion. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach is employed to model the flow characteristics. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach treats both phases (gas and solid) as separate continua, and their interactions are described using conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy. The study aims to understand the complex phenomena occurring in the flow, such as particle dispersion, turbulence modulation, and pressure drop. The governing equations are solved using house developed code called FORTRAN, a widely used programming language in scientific and engineering simulations. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of gas–solid two-phase flows in sudden expansions, which have important applications in various industries, including chemical engineering, energy systems, and environmental engineering. A parametric study of the impact of particles diameters (20, 120, 220, 500 µm), the solid volume loading ratios $$(0.005, 0.008, 0.01)$$

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0.005
,
0.008
,
0.01
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and area ratios (2.25, 5.76, 9) effect of sudden expansion on the streamlines, local skin friction, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and separation zone.