bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of an abdominal diagnosis teaching simulator to reproduce patterns of resistance to pressure
Authors: Yakubo Shuji , Ueda Yukiko , Muroga Kazuhiro , Tanekura Naomichi , Okudaira Tomoyuki , Sasanuma Toshifumi , Adachi Hideki , Ishino Shogo , Nakayama Takashi , Yamanaka Kazufumi , Namiki Takao 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAimWithin the Kampo medical system, there exists a system specific to Japan of abdominal diagnosis called abdominal palpation, or Fukushin, which is used to obtain a holistic picture, called an abdominal pattern, of the physical indications in the abdominal area. In order to educate students in this system, we have devised and continued to develop a Fukushin simulator, incorporating various improvements as appropriate. The present study describes some recent additions to the model with the aim of increasing its applicability across a broad range of abdominal patterns.MethodsThe simulator is modeled on the abdomen of a healthy adult man, from which we took a mold using flexible silicon resin. To increase the resistance in some areas, we used urethane foam mixed with silicon rubber or attached parts consisting of silicon rubber; to reduce the resistance to pressure in other areas, we used urethane foam in small quantities.ResultsBy such adjustments, we were able to reproduce patterns seen frequently in abdominal palpation, that is, stuffiness and rigidity below the heart, rectus muscle tension, fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, and lower abdominal fullness, each marked by localized increases in resistance to touch; and lower abdominal numbness, marked by a localized reduction in resistance to touch.ConclusionIt is expected that the simulator will make an important contribution not only to medical education but also to the standardization of abdominal diagnosis.
Language Detectives
Authors: Green Jennifer D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUnderstanding, reading, and writing using academic language has increasingly become a focus in our schools. One of the salient features of academic vocabulary is morphological complexity. Many words are considered derivationally morphologically complex, meaning they have roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Affixes can be challenging for students as they attempt to uncover the meanings of new words. This article reviews the characteristics and challenges with derivational suffixes to increase teachers’ understanding, and offers several strategies to engage students in their understanding of suffixes. These strategies are not meant to be isolated lessons but rather ways to incorporate language awareness across content and throughout the school year
Routine use of Locking Shaft Screws is not Necessary in Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Lutsky Kevin , Hoffler C. Edward , Kim Nayoung , Matzon Jonas L. 
Published: February 2015

Hypothesis Volar locking plate fixation is a common treatment method for distal radius fractures. Recently, implants have been designed with an option to use locking screws in the shaft portion of the plate. While there is a high incidence of low bone mineral density in patients who sustain fragility fractures of the distal radius, the need for locking shaft screws is not well defined. Our hypothesis is that the routine use of locking screws in the shaft portion of volar plates is not required to maintain reduction or to prevent hardware failure. Methods A retrospective review was performed in all patients over age 50 years who underwent volar plate fixation using an implant with non-locking shaft screws for a distal radius fracture during a 2-year period. Patients were permitted to perform early range of motion exercises. Radiographs were examined and measurements were obtained to assess maintenance of reduction and incidence of hardware failure. Patients were followed at least until fracture healing. Patients were excluded from analysis if locking shaft screws were utilized or if follow-up was inadequate. Results Forty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 62 years (range 50–79). There were 12 men and 29 women. The implant used incorporated 3.5-mm shaft screws in 26 patients and 2.4-mm shaft screws in 15 patients. All patients healed within acceptable radiographic parameters (mean volar tilt=4.9°, mean radial inclination=21.7°, mean radial height=11.6 mm). There were not any instances of hardware failure. Discussion Distal radius fractures frequently occur in patients with low bone mineral density. Non-locking, bicortically placed shaft screws provide adequate stability to allow for early range of motion without loss of reduction or hardware failure. The routine use of locking screws in the shaft portion of volar plates does not appear justified.
Cancer care in Jordan
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Attiga Fadwa , Mansour Asem 
Published: February 2015

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in Jordan after cardiovascular diseases. Due to increase in life expectancy and prolonged exposure to risk factors, cancer mortality and morbidity are expected to increase as the young population ages. This increase will constitute a challenging burden on healthcare systems in Jordan and many other neighboring countries. Planning is key to managing the expected rise in the demand for cancer care, and this will require public health initiatives to guarantee access to quality cancer care.
Over the past decade, cancer care in Jordan has witnessed remarkable improvement through access to advanced diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we address the history of cancer care in Jordan, including cancer statistics, infrastructure, workforce as well as cancer care outcomes. We also discuss many of the challenges that we face and offer suggestions for the improvement of cancer management in Jordan and the region.
Enhanced Performance of nano-Bi2WO6-Graphene as Pseudocapacitor Electrodes by Charge Transfer Channel
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Pengliang , Zhang Yupeng , Xu Guolong , Lu Zhengda , Wang Xiyu , Wang Yan , Yang Lingxia , Tao Xi , Wang Hongbo , Zhang Erpan , Xi Junhua , Ji Zhenguo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe nano-Bi2WO6/reduced graphene oxide composite obtained by a simple hydrothermal reaction demonstrates a larger specific capacitance of 922 F/g at a charge and discharge currents of 3 A/g with longer cycle life. The As comparison, pristine Bi2WO6 nanoparticles have poor specific capacitance of 574 F/g at a charge and discharge currents of 2 A/g with weak cycle life. Though analyzing the Cyclic voltammetry curves, it is found that there are two oxidation reaction occurring in the materials: oxidation of Bi (III) to Bi (IV) and Bi (III) to Bi (V). The oxidation of Bi (III) to Bi (IV) is reversible while Bi (III) to Bi (V) will cause nonreversible destroy on structure. In this nano-Bi2WO6/reduced graphene oxide composite, graphene with well conductivity will enhance the electrically conducting as charge transfer channel, so that electrons will be transfer much faster in oxidation and most Bi (III) is oxidized to be Bi (IV) which ensure larger specific capacitance and long cycle life. This nano-Bi2WO6/reduced graphene oxide composite has application prospect in high-performance pseudo-capacitors.
Theory of nodal s±-wave pairing symmetry in the Pu-based 115 superconductor family
Authors: Das Tanmoy , Zhu Jian-Xin , Graf Matthias J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe spin-fluctuation mechanism of superconductivity usually results in the presence of gapless or nodal quasiparticle states in the excitation spectrum. Nodal quasiparticle states are well established in copper-oxide and heavy-fermion superconductors, but not in iron-based superconductors. Here, we study the pairing symmetry and mechanism of a new class of plutonium-based high-Tc superconductors and predict the presence of a nodal s+− wave pairing symmetry in this family. Starting from a density-functional theory (DFT) based electronic structure calculation we predict several three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surfaces in this 115 superconductor family. We identify the dominant Fermi surface “hot-spots” in the inter-band scattering channel, which are aligned along the wavevector Q = (π, π, π), where degeneracy could induce sign-reversal of the pairing symmetry. Our calculation demonstrates that the s+− wave pairing strength is stronger than the previously thought d-wave pairing; and more importantly, this pairing state allows for the existence of nodal quasiparticles. Finally, we predict the shape of the momentum- and energy-dependent magnetic resonance spectrum for the identification of this pairing symmetry.
Serum Bile Acid Levels in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jahnel Jörg , Zöhrer Evelyn , Alisi Anna , Ferrari Federica , Ceccarelli Sara , De Vito Rita , Scharnagl Hubert , Stojakovic Tatjana , Fauler Günter , Trauner Michael , Nobili Valerio 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:Because the prevalence of obesity in children is increasing, the frequency of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing. A reliable noninvasive biomarker for monitoring progression of liver fibrosis would be useful. In cirrhotic persons serum bile acid (BA) levels are significantly elevated. We hypothesized that BA levels and composition in pediatric NAFLD vary depending on the stage of fibrosis.Methods:Children with NAFLD were compared with controls and classified by stages of fibrosis (NAFLD‐F0, n = 27; NAFLD‐F≥1, n = 65) based on liver‐biopsy findings. Fasted metabolic and cholestasis status was assessed by several blood tests. BA profiles were measured by tandem mass spectrometry and compared with healthy controls (n = 105).Results:Compared with controls, all of the NAFLD patients were overweight and showed significantly elevated glucose, insulin, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels. Total serum BAs were lower in nonfibrotic NAFLD children than in a control cohort (1.73 vs 3.6 μmol/L) because low glycine‐conjugated BA levels were incompletely compensated by increases in taurine‐conjugated or unconjugated BA. In patients with fibrotic NAFLD, BA levels were lower than in controls (2.45 vs 3.6 μmol/L) but higher than in nonfibrotic patients (2.45 vs 1.73 μmol/L), and the BA pattern resembled that of healthy controls. Fibroblast growth factor 19 levels were significantly lower in both NAFLD groups than in controls (P ≤ 0.001) and were positively correlated with ursodeoxycholic acid levels.Conclusions:Our data indicate that serum BA levels decrease in early NAFLD and increase during progression to fibrosis. Given that BA levels are increased in cirrhotic adults, we postulate a continuous rise as NAFLD advances. BA may have a value as a noninvasive biomarker in pediatric NAFLD progression.
Gastric Emptying and Curding of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk and Mother's Own Milk in Preterm Infants
Authors: Perrella Sharon L. , Hepworth Anna R. , Gridneva Zoya , Simmer Karen N. , Hartmann Peter E. , Geddes Donna T. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the effects of fortification and composition on gastric emptying and curding in un/fortified pairs of mother's own milk (MOM, n = 17) and pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM, n = 15) in preterm infants. Retained meal proportions (%) and curding were determined from sonography. Immediate and subsequent postprandial % were higher for PDHM (23%, P = 0.026; 15%, P = 0.006) and fortified meals (31.5%; 8.8%, both P < 0.001), whereas higher casein, whey, and lactose concentrations were associated with lower immediate postprandial % (all P < 0.006). Curding did not affect emptying. Influences of fortification, pasteurization, and differing breast milk compositions are small and unlikely implicated in preterm feeding intolerance.
Microbiological Changes and Biodiversity of Cultivable Indigenous Bacteria inSanbaoLarger Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea), a Chinese Salted and Fermented Seafood
Authors: Zhang He , Li Yan , Xu Kunhua , Wu Jiajia , Dai Zhiyuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSanbaolarge yellow croaker is a kind of Chinese salted and fermented seafood processed by adding 50% of salt and fermenting at high temperature [around 30 °C] over 20 d. To get a comprehensive understanding of cultivable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the chemical and microbial properties of this product, were detected initially, followed by identification of bacteria recovered from different fermentation periods using PCR‐RFLP and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. In total, 105 indigenous isolates were recovered with 3 different medium and majority of the isolates picked up from both MRS and MSA medium were finally clustered into the genus ofStaphylococcus(S.). Among the 90 Staphylococci,S. xylosus,S. saprophyticus, andS. nepalensiswere the most prevailing cultivable species recovered throughout the whole production process (70 isolates, 77.8%), while 5 other species, namely,S. aureus,S. vitulinus,S. sciuri,S. equorum, andS. succinusformed a minor fraction (20 isolates, 22.2%) of theStaphylococcuscommunities. Lactic acid bacteria,Pseudomonas,Proteus, andBacillusconstituted trivial populations in the initial period of the fermentation and then gave the way to theStaphylococcusimmediately. High salt concentration used during the processing is like to have a pronounced influence on the microbial populations involved. Data obtained in this work could be referred in control and optimization of the fermentation process and selecting suitable strains for aquatic product fermentation.
Evidence that mutation accumulation does not cause aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kaya Alaattin , Lobanov Alexei V. , Gladyshev Vadim N. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe concept that mutations cause aging phenotypes could not be directly tested previously due to inability to identify age‐related mutations in somatic cells and determine their impact on organismal aging. Here, we subjected Saccharomyces cerevisiae to multiple rounds of replicative aging and assessed de novo mutations in daughters of mothers of different age. Mutations did increase with age, but their low numbers, < 1 per lifespan, excluded their causal role in aging. Structural genome changes also had no role. A mutant lacking thiol peroxidases had the mutation rate well above that of wild‐type cells, but this did not correspond to the aging pattern, as old wild‐type cells with few or no mutations were dying, whereas young mutant cells with many more mutations continued dividing. In addition, wild‐type cells lost mitochondrial DNA during aging, whereas shorter‐lived mutant cells preserved it, excluding a causal role of mitochondrial mutations in aging. Thus, DNA mutations do not cause aging in yeast. These findings may apply to other damage types, suggesting a causal role of cumulative damage, as opposed to individual damage types, in organismal aging.
Universal ocular screening of 1021 term infants using wide‐field digital imaging in a single public hospital in India – a pilot study
Authors: Vinekar Anand , Govindaraj Indu , Jayadev Chaitra , Kumar Anupama Kiran , Sharma Praveen , Mangalesh Shwetha , Simaldi Lakshmipathy , Avadhani Kavitha , Shetty Bhujang , Bauer Noel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeUniversal eye screening of neonates is currently not standard of care. Early detection of abnormalities could offer prompt management and a reduction in visual morbidity. We report a pilot study using wide‐field digital imaging to screen all infants at birth to explore its feasibility as a tool for universal screening.MethodsConsecutively enrolled 1021 term infants in a public hospital were imaged within 72 hr of birth using the Retcam shuttle (Clarity MSI, USA). Anterior and dilated posterior segment images were obtained. Infants with abnormal images were examined clinically, and medical or surgical treatment was given when needed, at no cost to the family.ResultsOf the 1021 healthy full‐term newborns, 48 babies had abnormal findings (4.7%). Retinal haemorrhages were the most common (52.1%) abnormality of which 24% were macular. A ‘ridge’ resembling retinopathy of prematurity in both eyes constituted 18.8% of all abnormalities. Nine infants (18.8% of abnormalities and 0.9% overall) had conditions meriting medical or surgical intervention and would have been missed otherwise. Seven of these nine babies (0.7%) needed medical attention with a systemic work‐up for conditions such as posterior uveitis with linear perivasculitis, salt and pepper retinopathy or posterior synechia. Two of nine babies (0.2%) required surgical intervention for unilateral cataract and retinoblastoma.ConclusionUniversal eye screening of all neonates using wide‐field digital imaging is possible and safe. Extrapolating our results to the national scenario, we estimate that 226 950 infants requiring treatment would go undiagnosed annually. Universal infant eye imaging strategies must receive serious national consideration.
Incidence, treatment and survival of paediatric patients with bone sarcomas in Finland from 1991 to 2005
Authors: Serlo Joni , Tarkkanen Maija , Sampo Mika , Vettenranta Kim , Riikonen Pekka , Helenius Ilkka 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimOur aims were to establish the 10‐year overall and event‐free survival rates among children and adolescents with bone sarcomas in Finland, estimate their respective incidences, evaluate the treatment given and describe the key prognostic factors.MethodsWe included 88 patients of <18 years of age diagnosed with a bone sarcoma during 1991–2005 in this retrospective, nationwide and population‐based study. Median follow‐up time was 12.2 years (range 5.8–20.3 years) for surviving patients.ResultsThe overall incidence among children and adolescents was 5.1 per million: 3.6 for osteosarcoma, 1.2 for Ewing's sarcoma and 0.3 for chondrosarcoma. The 10‐year event‐free and overall survival of those with a localised disease at diagnosis was 69% and 82%, respectively. The overall 10‐year survival of those with a metastatic disease at diagnosis was 47%. Prognostic factors for localised disease included an axial versus peripheral primary tumour site in Ewing's sarcoma (p = 0.022) and age at diagnosis in osteosarcoma (p = 0.027).ConclusionThe 10‐year overall survival of children and adolescents diagnosed with a bone sarcoma in Finland during 1991 to 2005 was very good, at 82% if the disease was localised at diagnosis and 47% if it was metastatic at diagnosis.
Potentially inappropriate drug use in older people: a nationwide comparison of different explicit criteria for population‐based estimates
Authors: Morin Lucas , Fastbom Johan , Laroche Marie‐Laure , Johnell Kristina 
Published: February 2015

AimsThe aim was to investigate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use among older people in Sweden according to five different published sets of explicit criteria from Europe and the US.MethodsThis was a nationwide cross‐sectional, register‐based study across the whole of Sweden in 2008. All individuals aged 65 years and older were included (n = 1 346 709, both community‐dwelling and institutionalized persons). We applied all drug‐specific criteria included in the 2012 Beers Criteria, the Laroche's list, the PRISCUS list, the NORGEP criteria and the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare criteria. The main outcome was the potentially inappropriate drug use according to each set of criteria, separately and combined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify individual factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate drugs.ResultsThe prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use varied between the explicit criteria from 16% (NORGEP criteria) to 24% (2012 Beers criteria). Overall, 38% of the older people were exposed to potentially inappropriate drug use by at least one of the five sets of criteria. While controlling for other possible covariates, female gender, institutionalization and polypharmacy were systematically associated with inappropriate drug use, regardless of the set of explicit criteria we considered.ConclusionAlthough explicit criteria for inappropriate drug use among older people have been reported to be quite different in their content, they provide similar measures of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug use at the population level.
Pharmacology of the ‘gasotransmitters’ NO, CO and H2S: translational opportunities
Authors: Papapetropoulos Andreas , Foresti Roberta , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: February 2015

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of the Gasotransmitters. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐6
Leishmaniasis
Authors: Von Stebut Esther 
Published: February 2015

ZusammenfassungInfektionen mit Leishmanien gehören zu den Top 3 der häufigsten Reisedermatosen. Je nach Reiseland und Immunstatus des Patienten unterscheiden sich die Krankheitsbilder. Die Infektion bildet sich in 90 % der Fälle als kutane Leishmaniasis aus, kann sich aber auch an den inneren Organen manifestieren (viszerale Leishmaniasis). Letztere verläuft unbehandelt nahezu immer tödlich. Dazwischen einzuordnen sind rezidivierende, diffuse oder mukokutane Verläufe. Im Verlauf ulzerierende Plaques oder Knoten an unbedeckten Körperstellen bei entsprechender Reiseanamnese sollten daher auf Leishmaniasis untersucht werden. Die Diagnose wird an Biopsiematerial mittels Histologie, Kultur und PCR gestellt. Die Therapieoptionen reichen von lokalen Verfahren bei einfachen Läsionen bis zur Systemtherapie bei Patienten mit ausgedehntem Befall. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die wichtigsten klinischen Merkmale, Details zur Diagnostik sowie die aktuellen Therapieoptionen erläutert.
Traumatic head injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Zhou Hai‐Hua , Liu Qi , Yang Rong‐Tao , Li Zhi , Li Zu‐Bing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse and evaluate the correlation between traumatic head injuries (THIs) and maxillofacial fractures (MF). Age, gender and trauma mechanism correlated with THI were also investigated.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a hospital‐based retrospective case–control study at Stomatology College and Hospital, Wuhan University. From January 2000 to December 2009, a total of 1131 patients with MF were enrolled in the statistical study to evaluate the association of THI and other risk factors with MF. Among these patients, 86 presented with THI. We utilized binary logistic regression and risk analysis to investigate the associations among MF and other risk factors with HI.ResultsHead injuries (103 injuries) were sustained by 86 patients (7.6%), with male‐to‐female ratio of 4.1:1.0. Most of the patients (52 patients, 50.5%) also exhibited cranial bone fractures. The age group with most patients was the 30–39 years age group (26 patients, 30.2%), followed by the 19–29 years age group (22 patients, 25.6%). Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the most common mechanism of injury (49 patients, 74.1%). Patients older than 50 years showed the highest risk for head injury (OR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.7; P = 0.025). MVA had a sixfold risk of head injury (OR, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–26.1; P = 0.013). Head injuries were more prone to occur in patients who had combined fracture of the mid‐face and mandible (OR = 4.6, P < 0.001), and only a 0.3‐fold risk of multimandible fractures (P < 0.001), 0.5‐fold risk of single mandibular fracture (P = 0.017) and 0.3‐fold risk of patients who sustained only single mandibular condylar fracture (P = 0.019).ConclusionsThe occurrence of head injuries is significantly related to age, aetiology and the pattern and position of maxillofacial fractures.