bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary and Physical Activity Factors Related to Eating Disorder Symptoms Among Middle School Youth
Authors: Wang Monica L. , Walls Courtney E. , Peterson Karen E. , Richmond Tracy K. , Spadano‐Gasbarro Jennifer , Greaney Mary L. , Blood Emily , Mezgebu Solomon , McCormick Marie C. , Subramanian S. V. , Bryn Austin S. 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND: Dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors can predict disordered weight control behaviors (DWCB) among youth. This study examines dietary and PA correlates of DWCB and differences by race/ethnicity and weight status in a diverse sample of youth.METHODS: Self‐reported data on dietary weight management behaviors, strengthening/toning exercises, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, and DWCB (vomiting, taking laxatives, and/or taking diet pills without a prescription) were obtained from 15,260 sixth to eighth graders in 47 middle schools participating in the Massachusetts Healthy Choices Study at baseline (2005). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds of DWCB associated with dietary and PA behaviors and to examine for differences by race/ethnicity and weight status, adjusting for covariates and clustering of individuals within schools.RESULTS: Disordered weight control behaviors were reported by 3.6% of girls and 3.1% of boys. Youth who engaged in strengthening/toning exercises 7 days per week versus 0‐3 days per week had increased odds of DWCB (girls odds ratio [OR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 − 3.0; boys OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0 − 2.2). Dietary weight management behaviors were associated with increased odds of DWCB (girls OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1 − 1.3; boys OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.2 − 1.4) for each additional behavior. These associations did not differ by race/ethnicity or weight status.CONCLUSIONS: Persons promoting healthy dietary and PA behaviors among youth should consider the co‐occurrence of strengthening/toning and dietary weight management behaviors with DWCB and the consistency in these associations across racial/ethnic and weight status groups.
The Development and First Use of the QUEST Measures to Evaluate School Nurses' Knowledge and Skills for Depression Recognition and Management
Authors: Haddad Mark , Tylee Andre 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND: Depression affects around 5% of adolescents and its identification and management is an important part of front‐line professionals' roles. There are few validated measures of knowledge and skills in this area. We describe a multiple‐choice question set to test nurses' depression knowledge and vignettes to examine case recognition skills.METHODS: A 24‐item knowledge test and 12 vignettes were developed based on relevant literature and expert panel review. Three rounds of panel review assessed face and content validity and expert agreement of vignette depression status. The measures were piloted with 26 school nurses. Following amendments, administered to 146 school nurses. A depression attitude scale was used concurrently so that associations among knowledge, attitudes, and condition recognition could be explored.RESULTS: Readability for the knowledge test and vignettes was satisfactory. Item difficulty and discrimination indices for most knowledge questions were acceptable; overall, participants scored 50% correctly, with less than 5% unanswered. The panel reached 89% agreement about vignette depression status, and nurse participants' judgments of the vignettes achieved 65% sensitivity and 47% specificity.CONCLUSION: The study produced psychometrically tested instruments for measuring depression recognition and knowledge. There was evidence for content validity, and limited evidence of convergent validity from associations among measures. Some of the items may be modified, and a smaller set of vignettes having the best expert agreement may be useful in future research.
The Experiences of Staff Taking on the Role of Lay Therapist in a Group‐Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Anger Management Intervention for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Stimpson Aimée , Kroese Biza Stenfert , MacMahon Pamela , Rose Nicola , Townson Julia , Felce David , Hood Kerenza , Jahoda Andrew , Rose John , Willner Paul 
Published: December 2012

AimTo explore the experience of ‘lay therapists’ of a group‐based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) anger management intervention.BackgroundStaff employed in daytime opportunity services for adults with intellectual disabilities took on the role of ‘lay therapist’ to facilitate CBT groups.MethodsThey were trained and supervised by clinical psychologists and interviewed 2–6 weeks after the last group session. Their experiences were explored by means of a qualitative approach, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).ResultsSeveral key themes emerged from the interview data such as ‘hopes and fears’, ‘having a framework’, ‘making it work’, ‘observing progress’, ‘ingredients of success’, ‘the therapist role’ and ‘taking the group forward’.ConclusionsThese themes indicate that participants' experiences had been perceived as positive for themselves, the service users as well as the relevant organization although initially the therapist role had appeared daunting.
Neighborhood Perceptions and Emotional Well‐Being in Young Adulthood
Authors: Snedker Karen A. , Hooven Carole 
Published: December 2012

Problem:While mounting research suggests that neighborhood environment impacts mental health outcomes, for adolescents and adults, there is scant research on how perceived neighborhood context affects young adults. In this article, we explore the role of perceived neighborhood characteristics, specifically indicators of perceived neighborhood stressors, on emotional well‐being among young adults.Method:Using a regional sample of young adults, we estimate regression models to examine the relationship of perceived neighborhood stressors on three mental health outcomes (depressed affect, hopelessness, and anger), reflective of a general emotional well‐being, while controlling for key individual characteristics related to mental health outcomes.Findings:Results show perceived neighborhood effects for emotional well‐being consistent with a stress process model where the scale of perceived neighborhood stressors is associated with poor emotional well‐being for depressed affect and hopelessness. Specific perceived neighborhood measures were significant for each of the mental health outcomes whereby greater perceptions of unsafe conditions and economic hardship are positively associated with poor emotional well‐being and greater social intervention and more social attachments are associated with better emotional well‐being.Conclusion:For young adults, perceptions of neighborhood stressors are related to indicators of mental health. We discuss the implications of our findings for ongoing research on neighborhood contextual effects and mental health during the transition to adulthood.
COPE for Depressed and Anxious Teens: A Brief Cognitive‐Behavioral Skills Building Intervention to Increase Access to Timely, Evidence‐Based Treatment
Authors: Lusk Pamela , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek 
Published: December 2012

TopicEvidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral therapy skills building intervention—Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment (COPE)—for depressed and anxious teens in brief 30 min outpatient visits.PurposeBased on COPE training workshops, this article provides an overview of the COPE program, its development, theoretical foundation, content of the sessions, and lessons learned for best delivery of COPE to individuals and groups in psychiatric settings, primary care settings, and schools.SourcesPublished literature and clinical examples.ConclusionWith the COPE program, the advanced practice nurse in busy outpatient practice can provide timely, evidence‐based therapy for adolescents and use the full extent of his/her advanced practice nursing knowledge and skills.
Impaired Ventricular Repolarization Dynamics in Patients with Early Repolarization Syndrome
Authors: TALIB AHMED KARIM , SATO NOBUYUKI , ASANOME AKIRA , MYOJO TAKUYA , NISHIURA TAKESHI , YAMAKI MASARU , NAKAGAWA NAOKI , SAKAMOTO NAKA , OTA HISANOBU , TANABE YASUKO , TAKEUCHI TOSHIHARU , KAWAMURA YUICHIRO , HASEBE NAOYUKI 
Published: December 2012

QT Dynamics in Early Repolarization SyndromeIntroductionAlmost all current investigations on early repolarization syndrome (ERS) have focused on the J‐wave characteristics and ST‐segment configuration; however, few have reported on ventricular repolarization indexes in ERS.Methods and ResultsA total of 145 subjects were enrolled: 10 ERS patients, 45 uneventful ER pattern (ERP) subjects, and 90 healthy controls without J waves or ST‐segment elevation. Ambulatory ECG‐derived parameters (QT, QTc(B), QTc(F), T peak‐Tend(Tpe), and QT/RR slope) were measured and statistically compared. Among the groups, there was no significant difference in the average QT and QTc(B); however, ERS patients had the shortest QTc(F) and longest Tpe (QTc(F): 396.2 ± 19 vs 410.4 ± 20 vs 419.2 ± 19 milliseconds, P = 0.036, Tpe: 84.9 ± 12 vs 70.4 ± 11 vs 66.9 ± 15 milliseconds, P < 0.001, for the ERS, ERP, and control groups, respectively). Importantly, the 24‐hour QT/RR slope was significantly smaller in the ERS than ERP and control groups (QT/RR: 0.105 ± 0.01 vs 0.154 ± 0.02 vs 0.161 ± 0.03, respectively; P < 0.001). When analyzing the diurnal and nocturnal QT/RR slopes, ERS patients had small diurnal and nocturnal QT/RR slopes while the ERP and control groups had large diurnal and small nocturnal QT/RR slopes (diurnal QT/RR: 0. 077 ± 0.01 vs 0.132 ± 0.03 vs 0.143 ± 0.03, P < 0.001; nocturnal QT/RR: 0.093 ± 0.02 vs 0.129 ± 0.03 vs 0.130 ± 0.04, P = 0.02 in the ERS, ERP, and control groups, respectively).ConclusionERS patients had a continuously depressed diurnal and nocturnal adaptation of the QT interval to the heart rate. Such abnormal repolarization dynamics might provide a substrate for reentry and be an important element for developing ventricular fibrillation in the ERS cohort.
Intakes of nutrients in Italian children with celiac disease and the role of commercially available gluten‐free products
Authors: Zuccotti G. , Fabiano V. , Dilillo D. , Picca M. , Cravidi C. , Brambilla P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is a chronic gluten‐sensitive enteropathy. Life‐long gluten‐free diet (GFD) is the only therapeutic option; however, it may contribute to the consumption of an unbalanced diet. The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary intake of CD affected children on a GFD and compare it with non‐celiac children and with Italian nutritional intakes recommendations, as well as evaluate the contribution of commercially available gluten‐free products (GFPs).MethodsEighteen celiac children, median age 7.6 years, median GFD duration 4.2 years, and 18 non‐celiac controls, were enrolled in a cross‐sectional age‐matched study. Dietary intakes of both groups were collected using a food frequency questionnaire and a 24‐hour dietary recall. Nutritional intakes were compared between the group and controls and with Italian dietary reference values. The contribution of GFPs to energy and macronutrient intakes was evaluated.ResultsMedian energy intake was significantly higher in CD patients than in controls (8961.8 and 5761.0 kJ day−1; P < 0.001). CD subjects showed higher carbohydrate intakes and lower fat intakes compared to controls. Protein‐derived energy did not differ. By contrast to control subjects, energy derived from carbohydrate intakes in CD children met the Italian recommendations. Both children groups showed higher protein and fat intakes than recommended in Italy. GFPs consumption accounted for 36.3% of daily total energy intake.ConclusionsIntakes of simple sugars, fats and protein exceeded the National recommendations for health. Children with CD had significantly higher energy intakes than controls, although body mass index was comparable across the groups. Lack of nutritional information for GFPs prevented complete dietary analysis of subfractions of fat and micronutrient intakes. This aspect need to be addressed if studies in this field are to be meaningful in the future.
Sleep disorders in infants and children
Authors: Hiscock Harriet , Davey Margot J 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSleep disorders in infants and children are common and often behavioural in origin. Problems include difficulties going to sleep and/or maintaining sleep. History taking should focus on the bedtime routine, consistency of caregiver approach to settling, sleep cues and exclusion of medical problems including atopy and obstructive sleep apnoea. Management includes ascertaining parent goals, ensuring these are realistic and then offering parents a choice of evidence‐based strategies, tailored to family need and capacity. Sleep diaries and parent education materials from evidence‐based web sites complement the consultation.
Parent Involvement in the Transition Process of Children With Intellectual Disabilities: The Influence of Inclusion on Parent Desires and Expectations for Postsecondary Education
Authors: Martinez Donna C. , Conroy James W. , Cerreto Mary C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStudents with disabilities and their families across the globe are increasingly setting postsecondary education (PSE) as a future goal, a relatively recent phenomenon. To supplement current knowledge on this goal, we studied parents' means of accessing information and the impact of K‐12 inclusive general education experiences on parents' desires and expectations for PSE. Key findings indicated that parents did not fully understand the transition process and had a low degree of knowledge and access to information about PSE. The data showed that levels of student inclusion related to parental desire and expectation for PSE and to parental involvement in transition planning activities. Implications for theory, measurement, practice, and public policy include a clear need for improved information and dissemination practices regarding PSE as a transition option. The data also imply that teacher education programs would be strengthened by the inclusion of information about PSE options.
One State's Initiative to Increase Access to Higher Education for People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Mock Martha , Love Kristen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on a state‐based initiative to engage youth with intellectual disabilities (ID), their families, universities, schools, agencies, and funders in improving access to inclusive postsecondary education (PSE). As opportunities in higher education for students with ID continue to increase across United States, there are differing interpretations of federal and local policies that guide PSE initiatives. Regional interpretations of vocational and educational policies affect the services and supports students receive. During four regionally based summits in one U.S. state, stakeholders participated in a qualitative study to explore statewide policies, practices, and beliefs about access to higher education for students with ID. Participants discussed how to increase opportunities throughout the state—particularly how to address existing service, support, and attitudinal barriers, and determine options that currently exist for students. Using a qualitative approach, common themes among stakeholders were identified, such as improving access to information for families, enhancing collaborations with agencies and schools, and advocating for access to college courses and appropriate academic supports. Results indicate that throughout the state, tension exists between local and state level policy implementation. Inconsistent interpretation and implementation have led to more restrictive, less inclusive college‐based options.
Theoretical Estimation of Shear Rate during the Oral Phase of Swallowing: Effect of Partial Slip
Authors: Nicosia Mark A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to quantify the shear rate in a simplified model of the oral cavity during bolus ejection. Parallel plate squeezing flow was used to approximate the action of the tongue against the palate as a bolus is ejected from the mouth and into the pharynx during a swallow. The current work quantified variations in shear rate with respect to two main effects – the relative degree of boundary slip for Newtonian boluses of varying viscosity. The results suggest that a single shear rate that describes oropharyngeal swallowing is a too simplistic concept. Rather variation in bolus viscosity, level of lubrication as well as others may have a strong effect on shear rate.Practical ApplicationsMathematical modeling of oropharyngeal swallowing has the potential to play an important role in understanding the underlying mechanics of normal and abnormal swallowing, as well as in guiding the development and optimization of therapeutic strategies for swallowing disorders. The long‐term objective of this research is to develop a robust methodology for prediction of bolus flow characteristics in response to motions of the oropharyngeal structures, such as the tongue and pharyngeal walls. In addition to furthering our understanding of the normal swallow, such models could probe the physical basis of biomechanical treatment strategies, such as postural changes (e.g., chin‐tuck) or dietary medications (commonly referred to as “thickened liquids”), as well as optimizing such strategies or suggesting new strategies altogether.
Chemical defense of an Asian snake reflects local availability of toxic prey and hatchling diet
Authors: Hutchinson D. A. , Savitzky A. H. , Burghardt G. M. , Nguyen C. , Meinwald J. , Schroeder F. C. , Mori A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpecies that sequester toxins from prey for their own defense against predators may exhibit population‐level variation in their chemical arsenal that reflects the availability of chemically defended prey in their habitat. Rhabdophis tigrinus is an Asian snake that possesses defensive glands in the skin of its neck (‘nuchal glands’), which typically contain toxic bufadienolide steroids that the snakes sequester from consumed toads. In this study, we compared the chemistry of the nuchal gland fluid of R. tigrinus from toad‐rich and toad‐free islands in Japan and determined the effect of diet on the nuchal gland constituents. Our findings demonstrate that captive‐hatched juveniles from toad‐rich Ishima Island that had not been fed toads possess defensive bufadienolides in their nuchal glands, presumably due to maternal provisioning of these sequestered compounds. Wild‐caught juveniles from Ishima possess large quantities of bufadienolides, which could result from a combination of maternal provisioning and sequestration of these defensive compounds from consumed toads. Interestingly, juvenile females from Ishima possess larger quantities of bufadienolides than do juvenile males, whereas a small sample of field‐collected snakes suggests that adult males contain larger quantities of bufadienolides than do adult females. Captive‐born hatchlings from Kinkasan Island lack bufadienolides in their nuchal glands, reflecting the absence of toads on that island, but they can sequester bufadienolides by feeding on toads (Bufo japonicus) in captivity. The presence of large quantities of bufadienolides in the nuchal glands of R. tigrinus from Ishima may reduce the risk of predation by providing an effective chemical defense, whereas snakes on Kinkasan may experience increased predation due to the lack of defensive compounds in their nuchal glands.
Asymmetry in threespine stickleback lateral plates
Authors: Loehr J. , Herczeg G. , Leinonen T. , Gonda A. , Van Dongen S. , Merilä J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe study of asymmetry can provide insights into genetic and environmental influences on organismal development. Directional asymmetry (DA) can be either adaptive or non‐adaptive, whereas fluctuating asymmetry (FA) – defined as small non‐directional departures from symmetry in bilateral traits – is thought to be an indicator of genetic or environmental stress experienced during development. Using data from 28 European populations, we assessed the degree of DA and FA in the lateral plates of threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and surveyed the direction of DA and differences in levels of DA and FA in different habitat types (viz. marine, lake and river populations). DA differed between habitats, with right‐biased DA found in the marine populations and no directional bias found in lake and river populations. Differences in DA among habitats may be a by‐product of habitat‐specific developmental instability resulting in asymmetry, or it may indicate habitat‐specific differences in selection against/for symmetry, as has been proposed in previous research of sticklebacks. Also, the presence of FA varied depending upon habitat type, but it also depended on plate morph – a variable confounded with the habitat effect. While we cannot rule out factors such as stress as a cause of population differences in FA, it may also simply be a by‐product of other evolutionary processes (e.g. lateral plate number reduction) without functional basis.
Proximate determinants of bite force capacity in the mouse lemur
Authors: Chazeau C. , Marchal J. , Hackert R. , Perret M. , Herrel A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBoth mating system and diet are thought to drive inter‐individual variation in bite force. Although previously published data suggest that bite force variation may be driven by variation in morphology (e.g. head morphology, body size, muscle size), age and physiology (e.g. fluctuating plasma testosterone levels) in some vertebrates, this remains untested in primates. Here, we explore the proximal determinants of bite force capacity in the grey mouse lemur Microcebus murinus. Our results show that in male grey mouse lemurs, bite force measurements are repeatable across a 1‐month period. Yet, bite forces were independent of fluctuation plasma testosterone levels. Head dimensions and body mass were all positively correlated with bite force. Among these, head width was the best predictor of bite force as has been observed for other vertebrates. Unexpectedly, age was highly significantly and positively correlated with bite force. Whereas older animals generally bit harder, the oldest age group (5.5 years) showed a decline in bite force capacity. These results suggest that bite force in the grey mouse lemur is mostly determined by morphology and age, yet is independent of variation in testosterone. Future studies including a broader age range and animals of different sexes would be of interest to better understand the variation in bite force in this small lemur.