bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multigenerational impact of long QT syndrome: A Gitxsan perspective
Authors: Huisman Lee‐Anna , Martin Sheridan , Ewasiuk Emma , McAdam Alexa , Wood Lynes‐Ford K’sana , McCormick Rod , Arbour Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLong QT syndrome (LQTS), a rare cardiac condition that can lead to sudden death, is highly prevalent in First Nations communities of northern British Columbia. In the Gitxsan community of 5500, an estimated 1 in 125 individuals are affected, primarily due to the novel pathogenic variant p.V205M in KCNQ1. Over the past decade, more than 800 Gitxsan individuals received genetic testing and counseling for LQTS through a community‐based study. Despite the substantial research characterizing the biological underpinnings of LQTS, there are few studies exploring the lived experiences of families with LQTS, especially those of Indigenous peoples. The goal of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the impact of the genetic confirmation of LQTS in this community, and the impact the condition has on individuals, their families, and the community. A qualitative study was developed in consultation with a local research advisory board and a Talking Circle, a traditional Indigenous format for discussion, was held. Four people who belonged to the same kindred group attended the Talking Circle. This article presents the multigenerational impact that LQTS and genetic diagnosis have through the reflections of one Gitxsan family. LQTS affects identity and family relationships, including those between parents and children, siblings, and even extended family members. Laughter and humor played an important part in coping. The role of family relationships for this Gitxsan family was seen to be critical in managing an LQTS diagnosis. This multigenerational perspective provides key insights into family structure and dynamics which can inform genetic counseling and clinical care. As cultural safety is experienced and therefore defined by the person receiving services, listening to the perspectives and preferences of Indigenous peoples is essential to the delivery of culturally informed care.
Oriented synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel meta‐diamide scaffolds incorporating with 1,2,4‐triazole moiety
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Jiyong , Zhou Liqi , Yan Chengyi , Wu Daoxin , Liu Minhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn an effort to discover a new insecticide, we designed and synthesized a series of novel meta‐diamide compounds containing 1,2,4‐triazole with cyproflanilide as a lead compound. All the compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR‐MS. Both Plutella xylostella and Mythimna separata were tested for their insecticidal activity at 200 mg/L (P. xylostella: 0%–100%; M. separata: 0%–100%), 20 mg/L (P. xylostella: 0%–97%; M. separata: 0%–100%), and 2 mg/L (P. xylostella: 0%–97%; M. separata: 0%–100%), while Aphis craccivora was tested for its insecticidal activity at 400 mg/L (A. craccivora: 0%–36%). Further studies are needed to investigate the insecticidal activity of A. craccivora. Preliminary bioactivity results showed that most of the compounds had good insecticidal activity at 200 mg/L against P. xylostella and M. separata. Especially, the compound 7p, N‐(cyclopropylmethyl)‐N‐(5‐((2,6‐dibromo‐4‐(perfluoropropan‐2‐yl)phenyl) carbamoyl)‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide (7p), showed good insecticidal activity at even lower doses of 2 mg/L (P. xylostella: 97%; M. separata: 100%), which was equivalent to that of the lead compound cyproflanilide (P. xylostella: 100%; M. separata: 100%), as well as significantly better than the two known compounds Ia (P. xylostella: 97%; M. separata: 0%) and Ib (P. xylostella: 60%; M. separata: 0%). Preliminary structure–activity relationship was also discussed based on insecticidal tests. The results indicate that meta‐diamide compounds containing 1,2,4‐triazole can be developed as novel insecticides.
A 3‐month‐old neonatal rhesus macaque HFMD model caused by coxsackievirus B1 infection and viral tissue tropism
Authors: Suqin Duan , Yongjie Li , Wei Zhang , Ming Zhang , Yanyan Li , Yuan Zhao , Weihua Jin , Quan Liu , Mingxue Li , Wenting Sun , Lixiong Chen , Hongjie Xu , Jie Tang , Jingshan Hou , Zijun Deng , Fengmei Yang , Shaohui Ma , Zhanlong He 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoxsackievirus B1 (CVB1), an enterovirus with multiple clinical presentations, has been associated with potential long‐term consequences, including hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), in some patients. However, the related animal models, transmission dynamics, and long‐term tissue tropism of CVB1 have not been systematically characterized. In this study, we established a model of CVB1 respiratory infection in rhesus macaques and evaluated the clinical symptoms, viral load, and immune levels during the acute phase (0–14 days) and long‐term recovery phase (15–30 days). We also investigated the distribution, viral clearance, and pathology during the long‐term recovery period using 35 postmortem rhesus macaque tissue samples collected at 30 days postinfection (d.p.i.). The results showed that the infected rhesus macaques were susceptible to CVB1 and exhibited HFMD symptoms, viral clearance, altered cytokine levels, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Autopsy revealed positive viral loads in the heart, spleen, pancreas, soft palate, and olfactory bulb tissues. HE staining demonstrated pathological damage to the liver, spleen, lung, soft palate, and tracheal epithelium. At 30 d.p.i., viral antigens were detected in visceral, immune, respiratory, and muscle tissues but not in intestinal or neural tissues. Brain tissue examination revealed viral meningitis‐like changes, and CVB1 antigen expression was detected in occipital, pontine, cerebellar, and spinal cord tissues at 30 d.p.i. This study provides the first insights into CVB1 pathogenesis in a nonhuman primate model of HFMD and confirms that CVB1 exhibits tissue tropism following long‐term infection.
Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder associated Epstein‐Barr virus DNAemia after liver transplantation in children: Experience from single center
Authors: Dogan Barut , Sema Yildirim Arslan , Bora Kunay , Veysel Umman , Benan Dernek , Ezgi Kıran Taşçı , Gozde Akkus Kayali , Demir Derya , Ozsan Nazan , Hekimgil Mine , Zumrut Sahbudak Bal , Miray Karakoyun , Funda Cetin , Sema Aydogdu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe most prevalent malignancy that complicates both adult and pediatric solid organ transplantation is post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia and PTLD in pediatric liver transplant recipients. A retrospective chart review was performed on 112 patients less than 18 years of age who underwent isolated orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) between 2010 and 2022 at Ege University Children's Hospital. Data gathered for 1‐year post‐OLT included age at OLT, EBV, immunoglobulin (Ig)M/IgG status of the donor and recipient, indication for OLT, induction regimen, all immunosuppression levels, date and result of EBV polymerase chain reaction testing, rejection episodes documented by liver biopsy, and the development of PTLD. Forty‐nine patients (43.75%) developed EBV DNAemia (median interval from surgery: 2 months, min–max: 2–36), of which 43 (87.8%) grafts came from living donors, and 6 (12.2%) came from deceased donors. Nine (18.4%) patients died during follow‐up, and eight (16.3%) developed PTLD. Of these 8 patients; five patients developed EBV‐related disease, one child developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, one developed aplastic anemia, and one child developed B cell lymphoma. When PTLD patients and without‐PTLD patients were compared, pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization, abnormal bone marrow biopsy findings, lymphadenopathy, age at diagnosis of EBV DNAemia, EBV viral load, tacrolimus (FK 506) pre‐infection, were higher and tacrolimus 1‐month levels were lower in patients with PTLD (p < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, we showed that the age at diagnosis of EBV DNAemia was significantly higher in children with PTLD (p = 0.045; OR: 1.389; 95% CI: 1.007–1.914). PTLD is a rare but severe complication associated with EBV after OLT. This study demonstrated that PTLD is associated with older age, higher tacrolimus blood levels before EBV DNAemia, and higher peak EBV viral load at 1 month of EBV DNAemia.
A finite‐difference‐based technique for numerically efficient computation of capacitance matrices for 2‐dimensional multi‐conductor problems involving thin dielectric coating
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Mittra Raj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerical computation of capacitance matrices using conventional finite‐difference (FD) technique for arbitrarily shaped multi‐conductor problems which typically involve thin dielectric coating is challenging due to the fact that an extremely fine discretization of the computational domain is required to capture the nuances of the geometries involved, which, in turn, exacts a high computational resource cost—both in terms of memory and time. In this paper, we present a novel finite‐difference‐based technique which utilizes polynomial interpolation and extrapolation techniques in conjunction with the conventional finite‐difference technique to handle 2‐dimensional problems involving multiple conductors, typically with a thin dielectric coating. The proposed technique does not require fine discretization of the computational domain and provides accurate results in an efficient manner.
A high‐speed and power efficient CMOS dynamic comparator for data converter circuits
Authors: Brindha K. , Manjula J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComplementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) comparators play a pivotal role in analog and mixed‐signal circuits, finding diverse applications across electronic systems. In data converter circuits, the significance of high‐speed, low‐power comparators is pronounced. They ensure swift and precise signal comparisons, minimizing energy usage for dependable analog‐to‐digital and digital‐to‐analog conversions. This paper introduces an advanced CMOS dynamic comparator, optimized for data converter circuits using a 45 nm CMOS process. The comparator integrates two novel designs tailored for operation at 0.8 and 1 V power supplies, functioning at 1 GHz. One design incorporates a cascode differential amplifier in the pre‐amplifier stage, enhancing speed and sensitivity by augmenting gain, linearity, and output swing. This approach achieves a delay of 73.53 ps and consumes 9.95 μW at a 1 V supply voltage. The second design employs a simple charge pump in the pre‐amplifier stage, further elevating speed and sensitivity through amplified voltage levels and enhanced slew rate, resulting in a 57.24 ps delay and 9.03 μW power consumption at 1 V. Simulations underscore the proposed comparator's superiority over conventional counterparts, showcasing significant enhancements in speed and power efficiency, all while preserving precision and dependability.
Infant consumption of 100% lactose‐based and reduced lactose infant formula in the United States: Review of NHANES data from 1999 to 2020
Authors: DiMaggio Dina M. , Abersone Ilze , Porto Anthony F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesAn acceptable alternative to human milk is US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)‐registered infant formula, which must meet the requirements of the US FDA Infant Formula Act. Human milk contains lactose, but some infant formulas may contain alternative carbohydrate sources such as corn syrup solids, maltodextrin, and sucrose. Recent research shows that infant‐formula made with corn syrup solids may be associated with increased obesity risk in the first 5 years of life. A previous study found that of all formulas purchased, 59.0% were lactose‐reduced. More US infants consume infant formula with nonlactose carbohydrates more frequently than is medically necessary. The purpose of this study is to use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to describe the type and prevalence of nonlactose carbohydrates consumed in infant formula.MethodsNHANES data from 1999 to 2020 was used to perform cross‐sectional analyses and analyses of comparison of prevalence over time on consumption of nonlactose carbohydrate sources in infant formulas.ResultsWe identified 3709 unique infant identifiers associated with 36,084 feeding sessions. More than half of the feeding sessions involved a formula with at least one nonlactose carbohydrate. Feeding sessions involving a formula with at least one nonlactose carbohydrate increased by 163% from 1999–2004 to 2017–2020; formulas containing single or multiple nonlactose carbohydrate types account for the increase in prevalence.ConclusionsThis study highlights an increase in the consumption of infant formula containing a nonlactose carbohydrate. More studies are needed to understand the short‐ and long‐term effects of early exposure to these carbohydrates.
Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy performs similarly irrespective of body mass index
Authors: Mabrouk Ahmed , Risebury Michael , Yasen Sam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the effect of the body mass index (BMI) on the early (2 years) to midterm (5 years) results of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).MethodsA prospectively maintained single‐centre database of 1138 knee osteotomies, between 2002 and 2022, was retrospectively reviewed. Adult patients who underwent MOWHTO for symptomatic unicompartmental medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), with varus knee malalignment, having failed conservative management, were included. Patients were categorized into three groups according to their BMI as per the classification from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): the healthy weight (HW) group (BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), the overweight (OW) (BMI of 25–29.9 kg/m2), and the obesity (OB) group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Multiple patient‐reported outcome measures (n = 6) were recorded preoperatively and at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. Deformity analysis was undertaken preoperatively and postoperatively. The relative risk (RR) of the complications between the HW, OW and OB groups was calculated. The rate of conversion to arthroplasty, and 5 and 10 years survivorship were recorded, as well as the hazard ratio (HR) of BMI on survivorship.ResultsA total of 574 cases were included in the study: the HW group (n = 96), the OW group (n = 233) and the OB group (n = 245), with a mean BMI of 23 ± 1.5 kg/m2, 27.4 ± 1.4 kg/m2 and 34.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively. The mean follow‐up was 13.3 years (4.8–20.3). The mean mechanical tibiofemoral angle corrections were in the HW group: 7.1 ± 3°, OW group: 6.6 ± 3.5° and OB group: 7.1 ± 3.8°, with no intergroup significant difference (p = n.s.). Clinically, despite lower preoperative scores in the OW and OB groups, no difference was observed postoperatively amongst the three groups. The overall complication rate was 12.5% in the HW group, 6.8% in the OW group, and 9.8% in the OB group. There was no significant difference in the RR of complications between the HW and OW groups (RR = 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–1.3) (p = 0.2), and the HW and OB groups (RR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.3–2.2) (p = 0.7). There was no overall significant difference in survival outcomes based on the BMI between the three groups (p = 0.4). The HR of conversion to arthroplasty between the HW and OW groups was 1.4 [95% CI = 0.6–3.5](p = 0.5) and between the HW and OB groups was 1.8 [95% CI = 0.8–4.4] (p = 0.2).ConclusionBMI has no significant effect on either the radiological corrections, clinical outcomes, complications or survivorship of MOWHTO at short‐ to medium‐term follow‐up. No specific cutoff point for BMI can be recommended as a contraindication to MOWHTO.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Retrospective cohort study.
Glenoid bone loss and Hill‐Sachs width percentage score are useful to select optimal operation for the treatment of glenohumeral instability in overhead athletes: Arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage versus open Latarjet
Authors: Gereli Arel , Yozgatli Tahir Koray , Yilmaz Edip , Gamli Alper , Bayram Berhan , Kocaoglu Baris 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeGlenohumeral instability with combined bone lesion in contact and overhead athletes with subcritical bone loss is challenging to treat with high recurrent instability. Treatment options are arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage and Latarjet operations. However, there is no consensus on their effectiveness. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes and return to sports after both operations and whether evaluating the glenoid bone loss and Hill‐Sachs width to calculate the total bone loss can help determine the appropriate operation.MethodsIn this retrospective comparative analysis, 30 athletes who underwent index arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage (n = 16) or Latarjet procedure (n = 14) between 2017 and 2020 were included. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were routinely performed. The quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (qDASH), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), instability severity index (ISI) scores and range of motion (ROM) were recorded preoperatively and at a mean follow‐up of 53 months (SD = 12). Follow‐up included time‐to‐return sports, self‐perceived sports performance level and complications/recurrent dislocations.ResultsPreoperative qDASH, ASES, ISI scores, ages and genders were similar. The Latarjet group had significantly larger glenoid bone loss, Hill‐Sachs width and total bone loss (p < 0.01). Both groups had significant improvement in patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) after the operations (p < 0.01). Athletes with a total bone loss <25% underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage and total bone loss ≥25% underwent Latarjet procedure, and there were no differences between the groups in terms of postoperative PROs, ROM, time‐to‐return sports and performance. There were no re‐dislocations.ConclusionArthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage or Latarjet procedure can adequately address glenohumeral instability with combined bone lesions. Patients with total bone loss scores greater than or equal to 25 may particularly benefit from the Latarjet procedure, while the minimally invasive arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage can yield equally satisfying scores for total bone loss less than 25.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Predicting Therapeutic Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Alapati Rahul , Renslo Bryan , Jackson Laura , Moradi Hanna , Oliver Jamie R. , Chowdhury Mohsena , Vyas Tejas , Bon Nieves Antonio , Lawrence Amelia , Wagoner Sarah F. , Rouse David , Larsen Christopher G. , Wang Ganghui , Bur Andrés M. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo develop and validate machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models using drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) images to predict the therapeutic efficacy of hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) implantation.MethodsPatients who underwent DISE and subsequent HGNS implantation at a tertiary care referral center were included. Six DL models and five ML algorithms were trained on images from the base of tongue (BOT) and velopharynx (VP) from patients classified as responders or non‐responders as defined by Sher's criteria (50% reduction in apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and AHI < 15 events/h). Precision, recall, F1 score, and overall accuracy were evaluated as measures of performance.ResultsIn total, 25,040 images from 127 patients were included, of which 16,515 (69.3%) were from responders and 8,262 (30.7%) from non‐responders. Models trained on the VP dataset had greater overall accuracy when compared to BOT alone and combined VP and BOT image sets, suggesting that VP images contain discriminative features for identifying therapeutic efficacy. The VCG‐16 DL model had the best overall performance on the VP image set with high training accuracy (0.833), F1 score (0.78), and recall (0.883). Among ML models, the logistic regression model had the greatest accuracy (0.685) and F1 score (0.813).ConclusionDeep neural networks have potential to predict HGNS therapeutic efficacy using images from DISE, facilitating better patient selection for implantation. Development of multi‐institutional data and image sets will allow for development of generalizable predictive models.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:5210–5216, 2024
Standard metrics for characterizing episodic salinization in freshwater systems
Authors: Neville J. A. , Emanuel R. E. , Nelson N. G. , Bernhardt E. S. , Ardón M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSalinization threatens freshwater resources and freshwater‐dependent wetlands in coastal areas worldwide. Many research efforts focus on gradual or chronic salinization, but the phenomenon is also episodic in nature, particularly in small streams and artificial waterways. In surface waters, salinization events may coincide with storms, droughts, wind tides, and other episodic events. A lack of standardized quantitative methods and metrics for describing and discussing episodic salinization hinders cross‐disciplinary efforts by scientists and others to analyze, discuss, and make recommendations concerning these events. Here, we present a set of metrics that use statistics which describe flow characteristics in rivers and streams as a template for empirically describing and characterizing salinization events. We developed a set of metrics to quantify the duration, magnitude, and other characteristics of episodic salinization, and we apply the metrics to extensive time‐series data from a field site in coastal North Carolina. We then demonstrate the utility of these metrics by coupling them with ancillary data to perform an unsupervised classification that groups individual salinization events by their primary meteorological driver. We provide simple and flexible code needed to compute metrics in any environment experiencing salinization events in hopes that it will facilitate more standardized approaches to the quantification and study of widespread freshwater salinization.
Negative Voltage Electrospinning for the Production of Highly Efficient PVDF Filters
Authors: Gotti Carlo , Torsello Monica , Onesti Riccardo , Tanganelli Gianmarco , Sensini Alberto , Boi Cristiana , Fabiani Davide , Focarete Maria Letizia , Zucchelli Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the demand for filter media has increased dramatically, driven by the need to manufacture personal protective equipment and for various applications in the industrial and civil sectors. Nanofiber‐based membranes are proposed as potential alternatives to commercial filtration devices. This study presents the design and implementation of an innovative pre‐industrial electrospinning setup, combining a negatively charged spinneret and a positively charged counter‐electrode, capable of producing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers with an average diameter of 410 nm and electrostatic surface potential values 3.7 times higher compared to a conventional electrospinning process, eliminating the need for further post‐treatment. These properties are essential for improving mechanical and electrostatic filtration of small particles, including infectious droplets. The surface potential of the membranes is also long‐lasting, as evidenced by tests one year after manufacture. As a case‐study, these filters are used to manufacture surgical masks, reporting excellent performance in terms of bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) up to 99.9%, and breathability (29.8±4.5 Pa cm−2) when compared to commercially available meltblown polypropylene (PP) face masks, and also complied with the stringent European standard (EN14683:2019) for type‐II surgical masks. Furthermore, the pre‐industrial setup allows for increased production capacity of up to 42 000 m2 per year, suitable for large‐scale production.