bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology optimization of continuum structures subjected to uncertainties in material properties
Authors: da Silva G. A. , Cardoso E. L. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis work addresses the use of the topology optimization approach to the design of robust continuum structures under the hypothesis of uncertainties with known second‐order statistics. To this end, the second‐order perturbation approach is used to model the response of the structure, and the midpoint discretization technique is used to discretize the random field. The objective function is a weighted sum of the expected compliance and its standard deviation. The optimization problem is solved using a traditional optimality criteria method. It is shown that the correlation length plays an important role in the obtained topology and statistical moments when only the minimization of the standard deviation is considered, resulting in more and thinner reinforcements as the correlation length decreases. It is also shown that the minimization of the expected value is close to the minimization of the deterministic compliance for small variations of Young's modulus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study on the mechanism of thieno[3,2‐b]benzofuran bromination: the importance of Lewis and non‐Lewis type NBOs interactions along the reaction path
Authors: Vektariene Ausra 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA density functional theory study has been performed to estimate the electrophilic thieno[3,2‐b]benzofuran bromination reaction. Optimized structures for all stationary points were examined by employing the B3LYP and BMK at the 6‐31++G(d,p), 6‐311G(d,p), and 6‐311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The solvent polarity has a significant effect on a reduction of activation energies barriers. The reaction involves the formation of a triangle complex, migration of a proton through the bromine moiety followed by ionization of the bromine bond, and activation to the σ‐complex. Finally, the σ‐complex transforms into the reaction products. The natural bond orbital (NBO) population analysis was performed along the reaction minimal energy path defined as a function of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC). The evolution of interaction energies between filled and empty NBOs along IRC has been estimated. The importance of these interactions for the disruption of BrBr and CH bonds and creation of CBr and HBr bonds have been emphasized. The changes in NBOs hybridization, covalency effects, electrostatic potential density maps, and occupancy of natural bonds have been investigated along IRC. The results obtained explain well the essence of bonding transformations and electron density changes during the reaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genotype by environment interactions and agronomic performance of doubled haploids testcross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
Authors: Sserumaga Julius Pyton , Oikeh Sylvester O. , Mugo Stephen , Asea Godfrey , Otim Michael , Beyene Yoseph , Abalo Grace , Kikafunda Joseph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn vivo production of maternal haploid plants and advancement in chromosome doubling technology has led to rapid production of doubled haploid homozygous lines. These in turn have boosted rapid advancement in most breeding programs. This has resulted in production of a large number of maize hybrids which need testing across production environments to select the most suitable hybrids for release and cultivation. The objective of this study was to assess the genotype × environment interactions (GE) for grain yield and other agronomic traits and evaluate the performance of 44 recently developed doubled haploids (DH) testcross hybrids along with six checks across five locations in Uganda. Significant mean squares for environment (E), genotype (G) and GE were observed for all studied traits. Environment explained 46.5 % of the total variance, while G and GE contributed 13.2 and 7.2 %, respectively. Genetic correlations among locations were high (0.999), suggesting little GE among environments. The 10 best testcross hybrids had a 49.2 % average grain yield advantage over the six checks at all locations. DH hybrids CKHDHH0887, CKDHH0878, CKDHH0859, WM1210, CKDHH0858, and WM1214 were the most stable, across locations. The DH testcross hybrids produced higher grain yield and possessed acceptable agronomic traits compared to the commercial hybrids developed earlier. Use of the best DH testcross hybrids, well targeted to the production environments, could boost maize production among farmers.
Demographic, Behavioural and Normative Risk Factors for Gambling Problems Amongst Sports Bettors
Authors: Hing Nerilee , Russell Alex M. T. , Vitartas Peter , Lamont Matthew 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Sports betting is growing exponentially, is heavily marketed and successfully targets young adult males. Associated gambling problems are increasing. Therefore, understanding risk factors for problem gambling amongst sports bettors is an increasingly important area of research to inform the appropriate design and targeting of public health and treatment interventions. This study aimed to identify demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. An online survey of 639 Australian sports bettors using online, telephone and retail betting channels was conducted. Results indicated that vulnerable sports bettors for higher risk gambling are those who are young, male, single, educated, and employed full-time or a full-time student. Risk of problem gambling was also found to increase with greater frequency and expenditure on sports betting, greater diversity of gambling involvement, and with more impulsive responses to betting opportunities, including in-play live action betting. Normative influences from media advertising and from significant others were also associated with greater problem gambling risk. The results of this study can inform a suite of intervention, protection and treatment initiatives targeted especially at young male adults and adolescents that can help to limit the harm from this gambling form.
Diagnose von Bewertungskompetenz durch Biologielehrkräfte – Negieren eigener Fähigkeiten oder Bewältigen einer Herausforderung?
Authors: Steffen Benjamin , Hößle Corinna 
Published: September 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Integration des durch die Bildungsstandards vorgegebenen Kompetenzbereichs ‚Bewertung‘ in den Biologieunterricht ist mit Schwierigkeiten für Lehrende und Lernende verbunden. Insbesondere das Diagnostizieren von Schülerleistungen im Bereich ethischen Bewertens durch Lehrkräfte stellt in diesem Kontext einen Problembereich dar. Davon ausgehend befasst sich die vorliegende Studie mit Deutungs- und Handlungsmustern von Biologielehrkräften zur Diagnose von Bewertungskompetenz. Die Datenerhebungen im Rahmen dieser qualitativen Studie beinhalten die von zwei Interviews mit der jeweiligen Lehrkraft eingerahmte Videographie einer Unterrichtsstunde zur Förderung von Bewertungskompetenz. Die Auswertung der Interviewdaten erfolgte nach den Verfahren der Grounded Theory. Die zentrale Kategorie im Hinblick auf die Diagnose von Bewertungskompetenz wurde als „Negiertes Bewältigen“ konzeptualisiert. Dieses Konzept beschreibt die Erscheinung, dass die interviewten Lehrkräfte Unsicherheiten und Schwierigkeiten bei der Diagnose von Bewertungskompetenz nannten oder sich ihre diesbezüglichen Fähigkeiten ganz absprachen, gleichzeitig jedoch in der Lage waren, wesentliche Aspekte von Bewertungskompetenz in ausgewählten Videovignetten zu diagnostizieren. Das Phänomen wird hinsichtlich seiner ursächlichen, kontextuellen und intervenierenden Bedingungen, der Handlungsstrategien und Konsequenzen beschreibend erklärt. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Implikationen für die Lehrerbildung abgeleitet.
Peer status beyond adolescence: Types and behavioral associations
Authors: Ruschoff Britta , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Veenstra René , Lindenberg Siegwart 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the types and behavioral associations of peer status in school‐bound young adults in the Netherlands. We argue that adolescent peer popularity and its link with aggressive and norm‐breaking behavior result from adolescents' desire to create an image of maturity among their peers. We expect that in young adults who are approaching working life, peer status is defined by affective measures of status and prosociality rather than adverse behaviors. Analyses revealed a three cluster solution of (1) liked, (2) liked‐popular and (3) neutral members of the peer group, showing that status is primarily defined by being well‐liked, though popularity remains relevant. Status was primarily associated with prosocial behavior, especially for females. Peer status in young males remained associated with overt aggressive behavior.
Analysis of sliding behavior of a biped robot in centroid acceleration space
Authors: Senoo Taku , Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYIn this article, a two-dimensional analysis of biped robot sliding dynamics is performed. First, the dynamics of a biped robot based on feet-slip are derived using the coulomb friction model. The state transition can be formulated in the centroid acceleration space whose diagram is defined as a “triangle of sliding friction” (TSF). The TSF's characteristics are explained by focusing on comparison with the cone of friction which has a similar state decision diagram. Next, for the behavioral simulation of a concrete model, a 2-DOF biped robot is used to analyze the sliding features in terms of the asymmetry of the dynamics of each leg. Finally, the sliding characteristics are applied to the two tasks of running and somersaulting. The results show the robot takes short rapid repetitive steps for running based on frictional asymmetry and theoretically based on torque asymmetry can make one revolution using the large angular momentum acquired during sliding motion.
Uniform and accurate single-cell sequencing based on emulsion whole-genome amplification
Authors: Fu Yusi , Li Chunmei , Lu Sijia , Zhou Wenxiong , Tang Fuchou , Xie X. Sunney , Huang Yanyi 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Uniform and accurate single-cell whole-genome amplification is important when starting material is limited and precious. We develop an emulsion-based amplification method that can suppress the amplification bias to detect high-resolution copy number variations of a single cell, and to simultaneously detect the single-nucleotide variations with high accuracy. This approach is compatible with various amplification protocols including the widely used multiple displacement amplification, which has been demonstrated in this paper.
Sympatric speciation revealed by genome-wide divergence in the blind mole ratSpalax
Authors: Li Kexin , Hong Wei , Jiao Hengwu , Wang Guo-Dong , Rodriguez Karl A. , Buffenstein Rochelle , Zhao Yang , Nevo Eviatar , Zhao Huabin 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceSympatric speciation is still highly controversial. Here we demonstrate, based on genome-wide divergence analysis, that sympatric speciation in the blind subterranean rodentSpalax galiliencompasses multiple and widespread genomic adaptive complexes associated with the sharply divergent and abutting basalt and chalk soil populations. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlights sensory perception, musculature, metabolism, and energetics in basalt against neurogenetics and nutrition in chalk. Population divergence of chemoreceptor genes suggests the operation of mate and habitat choices, substantiating sympatric speciation. Natural selection and natural genetic engineering overrule gene flow, evolving divergent ecological adaptive complexes. Sympatric speciation may be a common speciation mode, as envisaged by Darwin, due to the abundance of sharp divergent geological, edaphic, climatic, and biotic ecologies in nature.
A mushroom-derived amino acid, ergothioneine, is a potential inhibitor of inflammation-related DNA halogenation
Authors: Asahi Takashi , Wu Xiaohong , Shimoda Hiroshi , Hisaka Shinsuke , Harada Etsuko , Kanno Tomomi , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Kato Yoji , Osawa Toshihiko 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-generated halogenating molecules, such as hypochlorous acid and hypobromous acid (HOBr), in inflammatory regions are postulated to contribute to disease progression. In this study, we showed that ergothioneine (EGT), derived from an edible mushroom, inhibited MPO activity as well as the formation of 8-bromo-2′-deoxyguanosine in vitro. The HOBr scavenging effect of EGT is higher than those of ascorbic acid and glutathione. We initially observed that the administration of Coprinus comatus, an edible mushroom containing a high amount of EGT, inhibited the UV-B-induced inflammatory responses and DNA halogenation, suggesting that EGT is a promising anti-inflammatory agent from mushrooms.
Learning directed acyclic graphical structures with genetical genomics data
Authors: Gao Bin , Cui Yuehua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Large amount of research efforts have been focused on estimating gene networks based on gene expression data to understand the functional basis of a living organism. Such networks are often obtained by considering pairwise correlations between genes, thus may not reflect the true connectivity between genes. By treating gene expressions as quantitative traits while considering genetic markers, genetical genomics analysis has shown its power in enhancing the understanding of gene regulations. Previous works have shown the improved performance on estimating the undirected network graphical structure by incorporating genetic markers as covariates. Knowing that gene expressions are often due to directed regulations, it is more meaningful to estimate the directed graphical network.
Results: In this article, we introduce a covariate-adjusted Gaussian graphical model to estimate the Markov equivalence class of the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) in a genetical genomics analysis framework. We develop a two-stage estimation procedure to first estimate the regression coefficient matrix by ℓ1 penalization. The estimated coefficient matrix is then used to estimate the mean values in our multi-response Gaussian model to estimate the regulatory networks of gene expressions using PC-algorithm. The estimation consistency for high dimensional sparse DAGs is established. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate our theoretical results. The method is applied to a human Alzheimer’s disease dataset in which differential DAGs are identified between cases and controls. R code for implementing the method can be downloaded at http://www.stt.msu.edu/∼cui.
Availability and implementation: R code for implementing the method is freely available at http://www.stt.msu.edu/∼cui/software.html
Contact: cui@stt.msu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The use of calcified tissues as tools to support management: the view from the 5th International Otolith Symposium
Authors: Morales-Nin Beatriz , Geffen Audrey J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Fish otoliths have provided biologists with a treasure-house of valuable life history information across levels of biological organization from individuals to ecosystems. Otoliths have long been used to provide the age and growth estimates which are basic data that underpin scientific fisheries and fisheries ecology. The traditional use of calcified tissues (CS) has been augmented by new applications to address questions of population connectivity, migration, and trophic ecology. These tools have become increasingly important in meeting the demands for spatially explicit and ecosystem-level management tools. Analysis of CS is now extended to applications related to spatial use (essential habitats) and as a record of past and present environmental conditions. This special volume of the ICES Journal of Marine Science contains contributions from the 5th International Otolith Symposium (IOS 2014), an ICES Science Symposium held in October 2014, in Mallorca, Spain. IOS 2014 is a continuation of a series of symposia that started in 1993 to encourage the exchange of information and expertise and to promote the development of new techniques and applications for otolith-based analysis in ecology, management, and conservation. IOS 2014 was the largest meeting to date, with 329 participants from 45 countries. The aim of IOS 2014 was to explore the use of CS as tools to support management and define indicators at environmental, community, population, and individual levels. This international forum is the centre for the exchange of information about developments in the field. New techniques of analysis, statistical treatment, and indeed new areas of application are all presented in this forum. Regular attendees are often the prominent users of otolith analyses in their home institution, and many are active in ICES work. This is also a premier venue for interaction between ICES scientists and those working in other parts of the world. North America, Japan, Taiwan, and Australia are particularly active in advancing otolith techniques, and exchange of ideas and information is crucial to improving the science in the ICES community.
Participatory design of ehealth solutions for women from vulnerable populations with perinatal depression
Authors: Gordon Mara , Henderson Rebecca , Holmes John H , Wolters Maria K , Bennett Ian M ,   the SPIRIT (Stress in Pregnancy: Improving Results with Interactive Technology) Group
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective Cultural and health service obstacles affect the quality of pregnancy care that women from vulnerable populations receive. Using a participatory design approach, the Stress in Pregnancy: Improving Results with Interactive Technology group developed specifications for a suite of eHealth applications to improve the quality of perinatal mental health care.
Materials and Methods We established a longitudinal participatory design group consisting of low-income women with a history of antenatal depression, their prenatal providers, mental health specialists, an app developer, and researchers. The group met 20 times over 24 months. Applications were designed using rapid prototyping. Meetings were documented using field notes.
Results and Discussion The group achieved high levels of continuity and engagement. Three apps were developed by the group: an app to support high-risk women after discharge from hospital, a screening tool for depression, and a patient decision aid for supporting treatment choice.
Conclusion Longitudinal participatory design groups are a promising, highly feasible approach to developing technology for underserved populations.
Soft X-ray observation of the prompt emission of GRB 100418A
Authors: Imatani Ritsuko , Tomida Hiroshi , Nakahira Satoshi , Kimura Masashi , Sakamoto Takanori , Arimoto Makoto , Morooka Yoshitaka , Yonetoku Daisuke , Kawai Nobuyuki , Tsunemi Hiroshi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We have observed the prompt emission of GRB 100418A from its beginning captured by the MAXI SSC (0.7–7 keV) on board the International Space Station followed by the Swift XRT (0.3–10 keV) observation. The light curve can be fitted by a combination of a power-law component and an exponential component (the decay constant is 31.6 ± 1.6 s). The X-ray spectrum is well expressed by the Band function with Ep ≤ 8.3 keV. This is the brightest gamma-ray burst showing a very low value of Ep. It satisfies the Yonetoku relation (Ep–Lp). It is also consistent with the Amati relation (Ep–Eiso) within a 2.5σ level.
Psychological Factors and Conditioned Pain Modulation
Authors: Nahman-Averbuch Hadas , Nir Rony-Reuven , Sprecher Elliot , Yarnitsky David 
Published: September 2015

Objective:
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses may be affected by psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing; however, most studies on CPM do not address these relations as their primary outcome. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the findings regarding the associations between CPM responses and psychological factors in both pain-free individuals and pain patients.

Materials and Methods:
After a comprehensive PubMed search, 37 articles were found to be suitable for inclusion. Analyses used DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model on Fisher’s z-transforms of correlations; potential publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test for funnel plot asymmetry. Six meta-analyses were performed examining the correlations between anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing, and CPM responses in healthy individuals and pain patients.

Results:
No significant correlations between CPM responses and any of the examined psychological factors were found. However, a secondary analysis, comparing modality-specific CPM responses and psychological factors in healthy individuals, revealed the following: (1) pressure-based CPM responses were correlated with anxiety (grand mean correlation in original units r=−0.1087; 95% confidence limits, –0.1752 to −0.0411); (2) heat-based CPM was correlated with depression (r=0.2443; 95% confidence limits, 0.0150 to 0.4492); and (3) electrical-based CPM was correlated with pain catastrophizing levels (r=−0.1501; 95% confidence limits, −0.2403 to −0.0574).

Discussion:
Certain psychological factors seem to be associated with modality-specific CPM responses in healthy individuals. This potentially supports the notion that CPM paradigms evoked by different stimulation modalities represent different underlying mechanisms.
Pigmentation of the Lacrimal Sac Epithelium
Authors: Jakobiec Frederick A. , Stagner Anna M. , Sutula Francis C. , Freitag Suzanne K. , Yoon Michael K. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:
To describe the patterns of the melanocytic populations of 3 cases of lacrimal sac benign melanosis and 1 of atypical primary-acquired sac melanosis with a melanomatous nodule secondary to spread of atypical conjunctival primary-acquired melanosis to the sac.

Methods:
Clinical records, photographs, and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the Fontana reaction were critically reviewed. Additional sections were immunoreacted for melanoma antigen recognized by T cells and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Five nonpigmented pterygia and 4 nonpigmented lacrimal sacs served as controls.

Results:
Three patients with obstructive dacryocystitis and benign melanosis were African-Americans whose sacs disclosed the presence of nonclustering, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-positive intraepithelial dendritic melanocytes at all levels of the epithelium. The transferred melanin granules were concentrated in the adlumenal apical region of the epithelial cells. No fusiform melanocytes were found in the lamina propria. The fourth patient, a white, had atypical conjunctival and sac primary-acquired melanosis and conjunctival and sac melanomas. The intraepithelial sac melanocytes in this case were strikingly atypical and profusely distributed in a back to back fashion at all levels of a thickened epithelial layer focally approximating the appearance of a melanoma in situ. Five nonpigmented pterygia and 4 nonpigmented lacrimal sacs served as controls. Each displayed nonnesting dendritic melanocytes of various densities without back to back contact.

Conclusion:
Low densities of intraepithelial melanocytes were discovered in all controls and therefore represent a normal subpopulation within the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs. Due to the pseudostratification of the sac epithelium, melanocytes can move to higher levels without implying atypia. Benign melanosis is produced by small diffusely distributed individual intraepithelial melanocytes, whereas primary-acquired melanosis with atypia exhibits back to back, dense proliferations of large atypical melanocytes.