bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of health literacy on pregnancy outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnic minority populations: A scoping review
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Whittaker Maya , Stacey Tomasina , Watson Kylie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealth literacy, influenced by sociodemographic characteristics such as ethnicity, economic means and societal factors, affects the ways in which pregnant women maintain their health; this in turn may increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.ObjectiveTo explore what is known about the impact of personal health literacy on prevention of stillbirth and related adverse outcomes in pregnant women of low socioeconomic status or from ethnic minority backgrounds.Search StrategyMEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL were searched as well as reference lists of included studies and gray literature.Selection CriteriaIncluded studies focused on personal health literacy and stillbirth prevention in women from low socioeconomic or ethnic minority backgrounds in the perinatal period.Data Collection and AnalysisA meta‐summary approach was adopted for qualitative, observational, descriptive, and audit studies. Findings of intervention studies were extracted, and meta‐analyses were conducted where possible. The primary outcome was stillbirth; maternal mortality and neonatal mortality were secondary outcomes.Main ResultsForty‐one studies were included from diverse geographical settings. The meta‐summary synthesized five abstracted statements. These recognized lower personal health literacy and greater difficulty interacting with healthcare services in the studied populations, primarily as the result of limited health knowledge, lack of positive perception towards health services, language barriers, illiteracy, and relying on friends or family members for health information. Meta‐analysis of intervention studies revealed no association between current interventions that aimed to increase personal health literacy and the risk of stillbirth (relative risk [RR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.12), neonatal mortality (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75–1.03), and maternal mortality (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63–1.22).ConclusionsVarious factors suggest lower personal health literacy in women of low socioeconomic status or ethnic minority, which can increase the risk of stillbirth. However, this review identified no significant impact of current health education interventions on the risk of stillbirth, or neonatal or maternal mortality. Although not directly measured, the health education interventions were anticipated to increase personal health literacy. Further research on the topic of this scoping review is warranted, particularly in lower‐resource settings and regarding the potential role of e‐literacy and organizational health literacy to improve pregnancy outcomes. To address deficits in health literacy, efforts must be made to provide pregnant women with health information in novel, accessible ways.
Neue Gattungen nach Früchten und Samen aus dem Cenoman bis Maastricht (Kreide) von Mitteleuropa
Authors: Knobloch Ervin , Mai Dieter‐Hans 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungAus dem Conoman bis Maastricht (Kreide) von Mitteleuropa werden 40 Gattungen nach Früchten und Samen neu beschrieben. Sie erlauben eine mögliche Zuordnung zu den Familien: Brexiaceae, Celastraceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, Droseraceae, Ericaceae, Hamomelidaceae, Magnoliaecae, Menispermaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Pentaphylaceae, Sabiaceae, Stemonaceae, Theaceae und Urticaceae oder gehören in heute ausgestorbene oder karpologisch noch nicht untersuchte Familien. Ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Angiospermen ist sehr groß.
Climax de végétation dans le Bassin Versant de L'oued Sous (Maroc)
Authors: Peltier J. P. 
Published: August 2024

RésuméL'influence de l'homme sur les peuplements naturels du bassin versant de l'oued Sous ayant été prépondérante, l'évocation de la végétation climaeique appelle à la prudence. La solution proposée consiste a essayer de définir le plésioclimax, en fonction des principaux critères écologiques du moment.
Die Bromeliaceae im Herbarium D. F. L. von Schlechtendals
Authors: Weber Wilhelm 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bromeliaceae des Herbarium Schlechtendals, deponiert im Herbarium der Martin‐Luther‐Universität. Halle‐Wittenberg (HAL), werden bekanntgegeben, Lectotypen ausgewählt und beschrieben. Tillandsia erubescens Schldl., Till. limbata Schldl., Till. variabilis Schldl. und Till. paucifolia Bak. werden aufgrund der Auffindung der bislang vermiβen Typen revalidisiert und Puya quillotana aus Chile neu beschrieben.
Vessel elements in some members of the Papilionaceae (Tribe Trifolieae)
Authors: Shah G. L. , Rao M. Gopala 
Published: August 2024

SummaryVessel elements in fourteen species belonging to four genera of Trifolieae are accounted for their shape, size, intervascular pitting and perforation plates. Inspite of the diversity in shape, angular vessel elements have highest frequency in the internodal region and the conical in root region. Majority of the internodal, nodal and root vessel elements belong to class A (extremely short) in the classification of Radford et al. (1974). The perforation plate is simple, but its number and position are variable. The intervascular pitting is more commonly simple, but seldom reticulate or scalariform with single/double helical thickenings is also encountered. Their distribution is alternate, in vertical rows, scattered groups or irregular. Most of the vessel elements are tailed.
Stomatal ontogeny in vegetative and floral organs of Hippeastrum equestre Herb. (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Karatela Y. Y. , Gill L. S. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe stomatal ontogeny of foliar and floral organs in Hippeastrum equestre is reported here for the first time. The stomatal complex at the end of the ontogeny are described as agenous in the leaves, ovary, peduncle and hemiperigenous in perianth. The filaments of the stamens are astomatic. Abnormalities such as contiguous stomata and cytoplasmic strands between guard cells of nearby stomata have been observed.
Revision der mitteleuropäischen tertiären Fagaceen nach blattepidermalen Charakteristiken
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Walther Harald 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungNach blattepidermalen Merkmalen werden rezente Vertreter der Gattungen Castanopsis (D. Don) Spach und Trigonobalanus Forman charakterisiert und in Gruppen unterteilt. Als intermediäre fossile Gattung wird Trigonobalanopsis Kvaček & Walther (T. exacantha (Mai) Kvaček & Walther — Früchte ‐ und T. rhamnoides (Rossmässler) Kvaček & Walther — Blätter —) aus tertiären Fundorten Europas (Obereozän — Obermiozän) beschrieben. Während Trigonobalanopsis ein wichtiges waldbildendes Element der jüngeren Mastixioideenfloren des Miozäns darstellt, kommt sie im Paläogen und in den Mixed Mesophytic Forests des Miozäns lediglich akzessorisch vor.
Orthogonal analysis reveals inconsistencies in cargo loading of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Lowe Neona M. , Mizenko Rachel R. , Nguyen Bryan B. , Chiu Kwan Lun , Arun Vishalakshi , Panitch Alyssa , Carney Randy P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising drug delivery system, diverse methods have been used to load them with active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is yet to be an engineered EV formulation approved for human use, a barrier driven in part by the intrinsic heterogeneity of EVs. API loading is rarely assessed in the context of single vesicle measurements of physicochemical properties but is likely administered in a heterogeneous fashion to the detriment of a consistent product. Here, we applied a suite of single‐particle resolution methods to determine the loading of rhodamine 6G (R6G) surrogate cargo mimicking hydrophilic small molecule drugs across four common API loading methods: sonication, electroporation, freeze‐thaw cycling and passive incubation. Loading efficiencies and alterations in the physical properties of EVs were assessed, as well as co‐localization with common EV‐associated tetraspanins (i.e., CD63, CD81 and CD9) for insight into EV subpopulations. Sonication had the highest loading efficiency, yet significantly decreased particle yield, while electroporation led to the greatest number of loaded API particles, albeit at a lower efficiency. Moreover, results were often inconsistent between repeated runs within a given method, demonstrating the difficulty in developing a rigorous loading method that consistently loaded EVs across their heterogeneous subpopulations. This work highlights the significance of how chosen quantification metrics can impact apparent conclusions and the importance of single‐particle characterization of EV loading.
Zero‐ and few‐shot prompting of generative large language models provides weak assessment of risk of bias in clinical trials
Authors: Šuster Simon , Baldwin Timothy , Verspoor Karin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExisting systems for automating the assessment of risk‐of‐bias (RoB) in medical studies are supervised approaches that require substantial training data to work well. However, recent revisions to RoB guidelines have resulted in a scarcity of available training data. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of generative large language models (LLMs) for assessing RoB. Their application requires little or no training data and, if successful, could serve as a valuable tool to assist human experts during the construction of systematic reviews. Following Cochrane's latest guidelines (RoB2) designed for human reviewers, we prepare instructions that are fed as input to LLMs, which then infer the risk associated with a trial publication. We distinguish between two modelling tasks: directly predicting RoB2 from text; and employing decomposition, in which a RoB2 decision is made after the LLM responds to a series of signalling questions. We curate new testing data sets and evaluate the performance of four general‐ and medical‐domain LLMs. The results fall short of expectations, with LLMs seldom surpassing trivial baselines. On the direct RoB2 prediction test set (n = 5993), LLMs perform akin to the baselines (F1: 0.1–0.2). In the decomposition task setup (n = 28,150), similar F1 scores are observed. Our additional comparative evaluation on RoB1 data also reveals results substantially below those of a supervised system. This testifies to the difficulty of solving this task based on (complex) instructions alone. Using LLMs as an assisting technology for assessing RoB2 thus currently seems beyond their reach.
Toward effective KMS measurement: Usage statistics vs. perceived value
Authors: Nakash Maayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis empirical study examines how chief knowledge officers (CKOs) interpret measurements performed in knowledge management systems (KMS) and reflected in business intelligence dashboards. Specifically, it investigates CKOs' perceptions of common KMS indicators and their relationship to knowledge management (KM) success. Adopting a constructivist inductive approach, the study relies on qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, and cyber‐ethnography. The findings reveal that usage statistics, like system logins, do not necessarily signify the value of KM initiatives and that organizations avoid linking KMS metrics to business performance. By contributing vital insights to KMS performance literature, we indicate the limitations inherent in current evaluation approaches focused narrowly on usage quantification. Practical implications suggest combining quantitative monitoring of access frequency and patterns with KMS benefits qualitative assessments. Overall, the juxtaposition of usage data against perceived value provides an important perspective on developing more meaningful and effective KMS performance measurements.
Validation of a Low‐Cost Manometer to Assess of Tongue, Lip, Cheek, and Respiratory Strength: A Laboratory‐Based Study
Authors: Curtis James A. , Diaz Crystal , Lee Theresa , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: August 2024

Objective(s)The objective of this study was to characterize the level of agreement between three manometers: (1) Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI)—the reference standard for tongue, lip, and cheek strength assessments; (2) MicroRPM Respiratory Pressure Meter (MicroRPM)—the reference standard for respiratory strength assessments; and (3) Digital Pressure Manometer (DPM)—an alternative, low‐cost pressure testing manometer.MethodsManual pressures were simultaneously applied to the IOPI and DPM, and to the MicroRPM and DPM, within a controlled laboratory setting. Agreement in pressure readings were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Lin's concordance correlation, and Bland–Altman Plots. Agreement was interpreted as “poor” if ρc < 0.90, “moderate” if ρc = 0.90 – < 0.95, “substantial” if ρc = 0.95 – < 0.99, and “excellent” if ρc ≥ 0.99.ResultsDifferences in pressure readings between the DPM and clinical reference standards were consistently present yet highly predictable. There was a median absolute difference of 2.0–3.9 kPa between the IOPI and DPM, and 4.5–9.8 cm H2O between the MicroRPM and DPM. Lin's concordance revealed “substantial” agreement between the IOPI and DPM (ρc = 0.98) and the MicroRPM and DPM (ρc = 0.99).ConclusionThe DPM revealed higher pressure readings when compared to the IOPI and MicroRPM. However, differences in pressure readings were relatively small, highly predictable, and yielded substantial overall agreement. These findings suggest the DPM may be a valid, lower‐cost alternative for objective assessments of tongue, lip, cheek, and respiratory muscle strength. Future research should expand on the present findings in clinical patient populations.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2024
High‐Efficiency On‐Chip Quantum Photon Source in Modal Phase‐Matched Lithium Niobate Nanowaveguide
Authors: Fang Xiao‐Xu , Du Hao‐Yang , Zhang Xiuquan , Wang Lei , Chen Feng , Lu He 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThin‐film lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) emerges as a promising platform for integrated quantum photon source, enabling scalable on‐chip quantum information processing. The most popular technique to overcome the phase mismatching between interacting waves in waveguide is periodic poling, which is intrinsically sensitive to poling uniformity. Here, an alternative strategy to offset the phase mismatching of spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) process, so‐called modal phase matching, in a straight waveguide fabricated on a dual‐layer LNOI is reported. The dual‐layer LNOI consists of two 300 nm lithium niobates with opposite directions, which significantly enhances the spatial overlap between fundamental and high‐order modes and thus enables efficient SPDC. This dual‐layer waveguide generates photon pairs with pair generation rate of 41.77 GHz , which exhibits excellent signal‐to‐noise performance with coincidence‐to‐accidental ratio up to 58298 1297. Moreover, a heralded single‐photon source with second‐order autocorrelation and heralded rate exceeding 100 kHz is observed. The results provide an experiment‐friendly approach for efficient generation of quantum photon sources and benefit the on‐chip quantum information processing based on LNOI.
Mode‐Division‐Multiplexing Transmitter With Anisotropy Lithium‐Niobate‐on‐Insulator Photonic Waveguides
Authors: Zhao Weike , Zhu Mingyu , Yi Xiaolin , Liu Hongxuan , Cao Hengzheng , Wang Siyuan , Yan Hao , Huang Fei , Yu Zejie , Dai Daoxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there is a growing interest in lithium‐niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI) photonics due to its superior material properties, particularly its large electro‐optical (EO) coefficient. As a promising method to improve the communication capacity, mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) has received intensive attention. However, achieving effective mode manipulation is challenging due to the hybridness nature of LNOI photonic waveguides. In this work, an innovative multi‐channel mode‐division‐multiplexing transmitter is proposed that integrates eight EO modulators with an eight‐channel mode multiplexer for the first time. To leverage the EO effect and enable on‐chip mode manipulation, the EO modulators are strategically designed along the y‐propagation direction to access the largest EO coefficient. Conversely, the mode multiplexer is designed along the z‐propagation direction to mitigate mode hybridness. Experimental results demonstrate that the present MDM transmitter exhibits low loss (<2.5 dB) and low crosstalk (−12–−17 dB) across the C‐band. The modulator features a voltage‐length product of 2.7 V·cm and an RF modulation damping of 2.0 dB even at 67 GHz. With the implementation of the proposed MDM transmitter, successful high‐capacity data transmissions of 8 × 60 Gbps On‐Off‐Keying signals and 8 × 50 Gbps four‐level pulse amplitude signals have been achieved with a single wavelength‐carrier.
The CO2 cost pass‐through and market power in emission trading schemes with vertical relations
Authors: Liu Wenya , Zhu Xusen , Chen Zhe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, the use of pass‐through as an economic tool has garnered increasing interest. This paper explores the relationship between CO2 cost pass‐through and market power within emission trading schemes characterized by vertical relations. Our study finds that increased competition in the wholesale market can mitigate pass‐through under mild conditions, while countervailing buyer power at the retail level can partially neutralize the effects of CO2 cost pass‐through. Furthermore, our numerical tests reveal pass‐through overshifting, occurring even under non‐convex market demand conditions. Our results generalize and update some known findings in literature (e.g. Wang and Zhou, 2017; Yu et al., 2021; and Chen et al., 2023) and carry some important implications for energy policy, environmental regulation, and welfare analysis.
Canine RNF170 Single Base Deletion in a Naturally Occurring Model for Human Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
Authors: Cook Shawna R. , Schwarz Cleo , Guevar Julien , Assenmacher Charles‐Antoine , Sheehy Maeve , Fanzone Nathan , Church Molly E. , Murgiano Leonardo , Casal Margret L. , Jagannathan Vidhya , Gutierrez‐Quintana Rodrigo , Lowrie Mark , Steffen Frank , Leeb Tosso , Ekenstedt Kari J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized primarily by the presence of spheroids (swollen axons) throughout the central nervous system. In humans, NAD is heterogeneous, both clinically and genetically. NAD has also been described to naturally occur in large animal models, such as dogs. A newly recognized disorder in Miniature American Shepherd dogs (MAS), consisting of a slowly progressive neurodegenerative syndrome, was diagnosed as NAD via histopathology.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and pathological phenotype together with the identification of the underlying genetic cause.MethodsClinical and postmortem evaluations, together with a genome‐wide association study and autozygosity mapping approach, followed by whole‐genome sequencing.ResultsAffected dogs were typically young adults and displayed an abnormal gait characterized by pelvic limb weakness and ataxia. The underlying genetic cause was identified as a 1‐bp (base pair) deletion in RNF170 encoding ring finger protein 170, which perfectly segregates in an autosomal recessive pattern. This deletion is predicted to create a frameshift (XM_038559916.1:c.367delG) and early truncation of the RNF170 protein (XP_038415844.1:(p.Ala123Glnfs*11)). The age of this canine RNF170 variant was estimated at ~30 years, before the reproductive isolation of the MAS breed.ConclusionsRNF170 variants were previously identified in human patients with autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia‐85 (SPG85); this clinical phenotype shows similarities to the dogs described herein. We therefore propose that this novel MAS NAD could serve as an excellent large animal model for equivalent human diseases, particularly since affected dogs demonstrate a relatively long lifespan, which represents an opportunity for therapeutic trials. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Caretaking, accomplishment and connection to nature: The ‘gardening triad’ and its role in new community gardeners' engagement, and social and emotional well‐being
Authors: Alaimo Katherine , Coringrato Eva , Lacy Kristin , Hébert James R. , Beavers Alyssa W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Understanding how activities in natural settings, such as gardening, improve health and well‐being is important for designing nature‐based health interventions.

Our study focused on a sociodemographic‐diverse group of new gardeners (n = 34) who had participated for one season in the community gardens as part of the Denver Urban Gardens initiative in Denver, CO USA. New gardeners participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews to determine how and why gardening influenced their well‐being. Interview transcripts were analysed iteratively using grounded theory and comparative case study methodologies.

Analysis revealed that new gardeners' previous gardening experience, social support systems and overcoming gardening challenges increased gardening engagement and improved outcomes. Within‐garden outcomes that were nearly universally experienced by new gardeners included food production, physical activity in the garden and a ‘gardening triad’: (1) caretaking, nurturance or love and sense of responsibility for garden plants; (2) feelings of accomplishment, success and pride and (3) connection to nature including appreciation, restoration and wonder.

We found that the elements of the ‘gardening triad’ were meaningful to gardeners and connected to both continued engagement of participants and others in the garden, and social and emotional well‐being outcomes including new and/or strengthened social relationships; purpose and meaning; self‐learning, self‐worth and confidence; joy, immersion, restoration and respite; and management of mental health conditions. Gardening with others, including other gardeners, garden leaders, friends and family, amplified the well‐being effects of the ‘gardening triad.’

Identification of the ‘gardening triad’ expands understanding of the salient health‐promoting characteristics of gardening beyond simple exposure to nature, food production and physical activity. It embeds gardeners in relationship with their gardens as active participants eliciting universal emotional processes which, in turn, manifested as improved social and emotional well‐being. Gardening, as an avenue for improving well‐being, should be supported widely.

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