bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental fatigue behavior of non‐crimp, E‐glass fiber reinforced polyester composites for marine applications
Authors: Altunsaray E. , Neser G. , Erbil C. , Gürsel K. T. , Ünsalan D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study is aimed to find the fatigue behavior of Glass Reinforced Plastics, a material which is a widely preferred material for small marine crafts, as well as several other applications. The type of composite tested is hand‐laid E‐glass non‐crimp reinforcements with an polyester resin matrix. The specimens were produced in two standard thicknesses and with these material directions and were tested both under atmospheric and simulated seawater environments for fatigue. It was seen that the results of fatigue lifetime obtained by testing the material in seawater is much lower than the results obtained from testing similar specimens under atmospheric conditions. However, the stress curves indicate the same slope, suggesting that the fatigue failure mechanism of both testing conditions is the same and the fiber‐related factors dominate. It was found that the thickness and material direction did not have a significant effect on the fatigue behavior of the material.
Slip‐rolling resistance of ta‐C and a‐C coatings up to 3,000 MPa of maximum Hertzian contact pressure
Authors: Woydt M. , Scholz C. , Manier C.‐A. , Brückner A. , Weihnacht V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe slip‐rolling resistances of hard and stiff thin films under high Hertzian contact pressures can be improved by optimizing the “coating/substrate systems”. It is known from former investigations that the so‐called “egg‐shell” effect is no general hindrance for high slip‐rolling resistance of thin hard coatings. The coating stability depends more on specific deposition process and coating/substrate interface design. In this article it is experimentally shown, that pure amorphous carbon thin films with hardness between 15 and 63 GPa can be slip‐rolling resistant several million load cycles under a maximum Hertzian contact pressures of up to 3.0 GPa. Whereas all coatings were stable up to 10 million load cycles in paraffin oil at room temperature, reduced coating lifetime was found in SAE 0W‐30 engine oil at 120°C. It was shown how the coating hardness and the initial coating surface roughness influence the running‐in process and coating lifetime. No clear correlation between coating hardness and coating lifetime could be observed, but friction coefficients seem to be reduced with higher coating hardness. Very low friction down to ˜0.03 in unmodified engine oils was found for the hardest ta‐C film.
Use of volterra‐series in optimizing harmonic load impedance for suppressing IM3 in LTE InGaP HBT power amplifiers
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Gao Huai , Li G.P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe nonlinear distortion in InGaP/GaAs HBT power amplifiers for long‐term evolution applications is analyzed using Volterra series. The interdependence between third‐order intermodulation (IM3) and harmonic load impedance suggests an alternative technique to improve PAs' linearity. The measurement results show that IM3 is suppressed by more than 6 dB, whereas other performances are not affected. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:341–344, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27286
Planar UWB monopole antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics for UWB applications
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad , Komjani Nader 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple and compact circular ultra‐wideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna with dual band‐notched characteristics is presented. By inserting a pair of two slots in the ground plane as well as adding a pair of arc‐shaped parasitic strips around the radiating element, two notched frequency bands in the WiMAX/WLAN are achieved. Experimental results show a VSWR<2 bandwidth of 7.6 GHz for nondefected antenna and two highly rejected bands in the frequency region of 3.3–3.7GHz and 5–6GHz. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:241–245, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27301
High linearity microstrip bandpass filter with electronically tunable notch
Authors: Rabbi K. , Athukorala L. , Budimir D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA high linearity reconfigurable bandpass filter embedded with a tunable notch structure has been presented for future wideband wireless communication applications. A single varactor diode (BB135‐NXP) is used for the purpose of tuning the notch. The linearity of the varactor‐tuned bandpass filter is also evaluated. The proposed filter is able to achieve a good linearity with IIP3 of 37, 46, and 45 dB at 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 GHz, respectively, and with no significant loss. Simulations have been verified by the measurements of a fabricated prototype. A good agreement has been achieved simulated and measured results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:418–421, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27312
A compact tapered slot antenna for ultrawideband applications
Authors: Yan Zhong‐Min , Xu Yun‐Sheng , Wang Wei‐Dong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn elliptically tapered slot antenna fed by a tapered microstrip line ended with a sector‐shaped tuning stub for ultrawideband operations is presented. The antenna is printed on a circuit board with a low relative dielectric constant of 2.65. A T‐shaped shorting strip is used to improve directional radiation performance. The antenna achieves a measured impedance bandwidth from 3.25 to 12 GHz with the gain in the end‐fire direction up to 5.5 dB and a compact size of 27 × 40 × 0.5 mm3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:295–299, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27319
Breath sensor based on reflective optical lensed fiber
Authors: Lin Yu‐Cheng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn optical lensed fiber for detecting respiration condition in the vicinity of nose has been proposed and been demonstrated to work as a breath sensor. For simple preparation and larger sensing area, a piece of about quarter‐pitch of an optical gradient index fiber (GIF) tip was spliced to the end of a single mode fiber. The sensing principle is based on the change of back reflection intensity caused by attachment of water molecules on the GIF tip during respiration. The experimental results showed that this breath sensor operated with a good sensitivity and a real‐time respiration monitor was presented. In terms of the tiny size and light weight, the optical lensed fiber breath sensor is potential for the application of monitoring breathing condition in hospital and in home care. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:450–454, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27322
Total and selective reuse of Krylov subspaces for the resolution of sequences of nonlinear structural problems
Authors: Gosselet P. , Rey C. , Pebrel J. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis paper deals with the definition and optimization of augmentation spaces for faster convergence of the conjugate gradient method in the resolution of sequences of linear systems. Using advanced convergence results from the literature, we present a procedure on the basis of a selection of relevant approximations of the eigenspaces for extracting, selecting and reusing information from the Krylov subspaces generated by previous solutions in order to accelerate the current iteration. Assessments of the method are proposed in the cases of both linear and nonlinear structural problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cause‐related marketing and customer donations in an online marketplace
Authors: Aldridge Nick , Fowles Joe 
Published: December 2012

eBay for Charity provides mechanisms for embedding charitable fundraising and donations into the UK's largest online marketplace, with 18 million unique visitors each month. This paper explores some of our findings concerning the impact of charitable activity on the behaviour of those who participate, including buyers, sellers, and the charities themselves, and suggests ways these findings could be applied to other forms of online fundraising in the future.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical application of midtrimester non‐invasive fetal RHD genotyping and identification of RHD variants in a mixed‐ethnic population
Authors: Grande M. , Ordoñez E. , Cirigliano V. , Cid J. , Grau E. , Pericot A. , Teixido I. , Marin J. L. , Borrell A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to assess the suitability of non‐invasive prenatal RHD genotyping in non‐immunized midtrimester pregnant women from a mixed ethnic population, to prevent unnecessary anti‐D immunoglobulin prophylaxis and to identify RHD variantsMethodsRhesus D‐negative pregnant women were offered fetal RHD genotyping at 24 gestational weeks. A total of 284 samples were tested for RHD status using multiplex rt‐PCR amplification of exons 5 and 7 of the RHD gene and exons 6 and 10 in selected cases. Women carrying RHD‐negative fetuses were counseled about their option to avoid routine antenatal anti‐D immunoglobulin administration. Diagnostic accuracy of RHD genotyping was compared with postnatal Rhesus D serotyping.ResultsA total of 184 positives (65%), 91 negatives (32%) and 7 cases (2.5%) compatibles with RHD variants were detected by RHD genotyping. No false negative results were found, and a single false positive was observed in a twin pregnancy. Genotyping was accepted when offered by 94% of women (284/302), and anti‐D immunoglobulin was avoided in 95% (90/95) of RHD‐negative fetuses.ConclusionsNon‐invasive routine antenatal RHD genotyping at 24 weeks of pregnancy is a highly accurate method, resulting in the avoidance of 95% of unnecessary administrations of anti‐D immunoglobulin, with no false negative results. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injection molding electroluminescent components
Authors: Middleton B. , Goodship V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article explores the feasibility of using mass manufacture, namely injection molding, as a route to produce cost effective electroluminescent (EL) components straight from the mold tool. EL screen printing pastes were adapted and introduced into the injection molding environment as a multilayer structure. Four‐layer systems were investigated using a spray deposition method to apply individual layer components directly in‐mold. Finally, the substrate was back injected to produce a three‐dimensional illuminating device straight from the mold tool. Materials, methods, and outcomes are described, the implication being that electronic manufacture could be moved upstream and performed in‐mold with resultant cost and energy savings. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fatigue crack growth behavior and mechanism of closed‐cell PVC foam
Authors: Poapongsakorn P. , Kanchanomai C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe applicability of linear‐elastic fracture mechanics parameters (ΔK and Kmax), elastic–plastic fracture mechanics parameter (ΔJ), and time‐dependent fracture mechanics parameter (C*) to characterize fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate of closed‐cell polyvinyl chloride foam was investigated in the present work. The effect of stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.4) on FCGs was observed when the ΔK, Kmax and ΔJ were used as fracture mechanics parameters. As a fracture mechanics parameter that combines ΔK and Kmax, the K* successfully characterized FCGs (da/dN) at R = 0.1 and 0.4. While, a time‐dependent fracture mechanics parameter (C*) successfully correlated da/dt of creep crack growth (CCG) test, but it failed to correlate da/dt of FCG tests. The FCGs at both R = 0.1 and 0.4 were cyclic dependent, while the CCG was time dependent. For cyclic‐dependent crack growth, the interaction between polymer‐chain scission and small scale crack‐tip blunting was the main mechanism, whereas the interaction between polymer‐chain pullout and large scale crack‐tip blunting dominated fracture process for time‐dependent crack growth. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dielectric analysis of α‐relaxation process of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) stabilized with nitro‐phenyl maleimide
Authors: Hanafy Taha Abdel‐Maguid , Mahrous Salah 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNitro‐phenyl maleimide (NPM), is the organic stabilizer for poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), has been investigated as thermal plasticization for rigid chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) (CPVC). Dielectric relaxation of CPVC stabilized with 10 wt% of NPM has been studied in temperature and frequency ranges of 300–450 K and 10 kHz–1 MHz, respectively. An analysis of the dielectric constant, ε′ and dielectric loss index, ε″, was performed assuming a plasticization effect of NPM molecules. The plasticization effect of NPM molecules was confirmed by the behavior of the dielectric modulus M′ and M″ spectra. A clear dielectric α‐relaxation process has been obtained in the studied temperature range. The results showed that NPM reduce the glass transition temperature, Tg, of CPVC by about 20 K. This effect has been assigned to the plasticization effect of NPM. At lower temperatures, dielectric modulus spectra reveal that there is a role of the effect of the electrode polarization in the relaxation process. The behavior AC conductivity, σac, indicated that the conduction mechanism in all CPVC samples is hopping type conduction. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/ZnS‐nanodot/In2S3 systems
Authors: Fu Yanpeng , Rada Tomàs , Fischer Christian‐Herbert , Lux‐Steiner Martha Ch. , Dittrich Thomas 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTSingle layers and combined layer systems with Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2, ZnS‐nanodot (nd) and In2S3 layers were investigated by surface photovoltage spectroscopy in the Kelvin‐probe arrangement and compared with the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of solar cells. The In2S3 and ZnS‐nd layers were prepared by the spray ion layer gas reaction (ILGAR) technique from Indium chloride (InCl3), Indium acetylacetonate (In(acac)3) and Zinc acetylacetonate, respectively. The surface photovoltage signals of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 were larger for the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/ZnS‐nd/In2S3 than for the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/In2S3 layer system showing that a ZnS‐nd layer additionally passivated the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 surface. ILGAR In2S3 deposition from InCl3 precursor solution led to a modification of surface defects of ZnS‐nd and to generation of defect states below the band gap of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2, which has not been observed for deposition from Indium acetylacetonate precursor. Defect generation during ILGAR In2S3 deposition with InCl3 precursor resulted in a lower VOC of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/ZnS‐nd/In2S3/ZnO : Al solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective surface passivation of Si surfaces by chemical deposition of (Al2O3)x(B2O3)1 − x thin layers
Authors: Vitanov Petko , Harizanova Antoaneta , Ivanova Tatyana , Perego Michele , Stokkan Gaute , Ulyashin Alexander 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work chemical liquid deposition from sol–gel solutions has been used to obtain thin (Al2O3)x(B2O3)1 − x dielectric films. Passivation of Si surfaces using these films has been studied. Morphological properties of thin films deposited on polished Si surfaces have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Their chemical composition, structural and optical features have been analysed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy. Results, obtained in this work, show that silicon surfaces can be effectively passivated by thin dielectric layers deposited from chemical solutions. The thin dielectric layers developed in his work, can be recommended as back side passivation coating for Si‐based solar cells.
Continuous wave OSL in bulk AlN single crystals
Authors: Vokhmintsev Alexander , Weinstein Ilya , Spiridonov Dmitriy 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe kinetics of recombination luminescence of β‐irradiated AlN single crystals has been studied with continuous wave optically stimulated luminescence (CW‐OSL) method. It is shown that the OSL process is characterized by two exponential components with a decay time τ = 32 and 212 s. Photoionization cross‐sections σ = 4.8·10‐19 and 7.3·10‐20 cm2 have been evaluated, assuming each component is related to electron traps based on VN‐ and/or ON‐centers at various charged states. It is established that dose dependences of the OSL response of the bulk crystals under study are linear with taking into correct accounting for the radiation induced afterglow and hence can be used for quantitative estimates in solid state dosimetry. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stress distribution of 12 μm thick crack free continuous GaN on patterned Si(110) substrate
Authors: Hossain T. , Wang J. , Frayssinet E. , Chenot S. , Leroux M. , Damilano B. , Demangeot F. , Durand L. , Ponchet A. , Rashid M. J. , Semond F. , Cordier Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe stress distribution on crack free thick continuous GaN film (12 µm) grown by Metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on the arrays of different sizes of the patterned silicon substrate is investigated by micro‐Raman (µRaman) spectroscopy. On the largest crack free mesa (400 μm) both µ‐photoluminescence (µPL) at low temperature and µRaman measurements are performed. The µRaman shift of the GaN E2 mode shows the U‐shape in‐plane stress distribution across the mesa. The center of the mesa is under tensile stress and it relaxes near the corner and edges. A similar trend is observed also from the µPL spectra. The size of the mesa, the trench height and the trench width of the patterned silicon are varied to study the stress of the thick epitaxial crack free GaN layer. The size and trench height of the mesa have a large influence on the GaN film stress but the trench width does not show any significant effect. The maximum stress is saturated for the large sizes of mesas. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterisation of III‐nitride materials by synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction reciprocal space mapping
Authors: Kachkanov Vyacheslav , Dolbnya Igor , O'Donnell Kevin , Lorenz Katharina , Pereira Sergio , Watson Ian , Sadler Thomas , Li Haoning , Zubialevich Vitaly , Parbrook Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractX‐ray Reciprocal Space Mapping (RSM) is a powerful tool to explore the structure of semiconductor materials. However, conventional lab‐based RSMs are usually measured in two dimensions (2D) ignoring the third dimension of diffraction‐space volume. We report the use of a combination of X‐ray microfocusing and state‐of‐the‐art 2D area detectors to study the full volume of diffraction–space while probing III‐nitride materials on the microscale. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EPR and ODMR defect control in AlN bulk crystals
Authors: Soltamov V. A. , Ilyin I. V. , Gurin A. S. , Tolmachev D. O. , Romanov N. G. , Mokhov E. N. , Mamin G. V. , Orlinskii S. B. , Baranov P. G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe results of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) are presented to show the electron structure of deep level defect color center in AlN single crystals such as a nitrogen vacancy in neutral charge state (VN0) as well as a new type of point defect such as exchange–coupled pair of the nitrogen vacancies (VN‐VN). Analyzing spin density distribution of an unpaired VN0 electron on different ions of AlN crystalline lattice by means of high frequency ENDOR technique (94 GHz) give us a possibility to calculate hyperfine and quadrupole interactions (QI) with 27Al nuclei spins up to fourth coordinate sphere. Particularly data about quadrupole interactions allowed to estimate the fundamental parameter of AlN crystalline lattice in itself namely so called «crystalline field gradient» to be 4.9×1020V/m2 (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐resolved photoluminescence of nonpolar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well heterostructures grown on LiAlO2
Authors: Lutsenko Evgenii V. , Rzheutski Mikalai V. , Pavlovskii Viacheslav N. , Muravitskaya Elena V. , Yablonskii Gennadii P. , Mauder Christof , Reuters Ben , Kalisch Holger , Heuken Michael , Vescan Andrei 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolarized photoluminescence (PL) of a series of m ‐plane InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well heterostructures (xIn = 5‐30%) was measured in a wide temperature range (T = 10‐580 K). A pronounced S‐shape behaviour of PL band position was observed for all samples which is an evidence of a high degree of localization of photogenerated carriers. From temperature dependences of the PL degree of polarization, the energy difference between the two highest valence subbands ΔE in InGaN was estimated to be increasing from ∼70 meV to ∼160 meV with rising indium content from 5% to 30%. The high‐temperature spectral difference between the polarized PL components was substantially lower than ΔE which is caused by imperfect polarization of optical transitions to different valence subbands. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
InGaN/GaN multiple‐quantum well heterostructures for solar cells grown by MOVPE: case studies
Authors: Mukhtarova Anna , Valdueza‐Felip Sirona , Durand Christophe , Pan Qing , Grenet Louis , Peyrade David , Bougerol Catherine , Chikhaoui Walf , Monroy Eva , Eymery Joël 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigate the influence of growth temperature, p ‐doping with bis‐cyclopentadienyl magnesium (Cp2Mg) and number N of multi‐quantum wells on the surface morphology, the electrical and optical properties of InGaN‐based solar cells grown by metal‐organic vapour phase epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy measurements show no influence of multiple‐quantum well number on the surface morphology, but a smoothing with the increase of the Cp2Mg flow. Electrochemical capacitance‐voltage profiling exhibits an increase of the Na‐Nd concentration when increasing the Cp2Mg flow from 250 to 700 sccm. X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirm completely strained quantum wells with similar superlattice period for N=5 to 30. Finally, first solar cells have been demonstrated with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 38% at 380 nm wavelength for N=30. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical‐Type Self‐Powered UV Photodetector Using Epitaxial TiO2/SnO2 Branched Heterojunction Nanostructure
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Gao Caitian , Duan Huigao , Lu Bingan , Wang Youqing , Chen Lulu , Zhang Zhenxing , Pan Xiaojun , Xie Erqing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTiO2/SnO2 branched heterojunction nanostructure with TiO2 branches on electrospun SnO2 nanofiber (B‐SnO2 NF) networks serves as a model architecture for efficient self‐powered UV photodetector based on a photoelectrochemical cell (PECC). The nanostructure simultaneously offers a low degree of charge recombination and a direct pathway for electron transport. Without correcting 64.5% loss of incident photons through light absorption and scattering by the F‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, the incident power conversion efficiency reaches 14.7% at 330 nm, more than twice as large as the nanocrystalline TiO2 (TiO2 NC, 6.4%)‐film based PECC. By connecting a PECC to an ammeter, the intensity of UV light is quantified using the output short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) without a power source. Under UV irradiation, the self‐powered UV photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 0.6 A/W, a high on/off ratio of 4550, a rise time of 0.03 s and a decay time of 0.01 s for Jsc signal. The excellent performance of the B‐SnO2 NF‐based PECC type self‐powered photodetector will enable significant advancements for next‐generation photodetection and photosensing applications.