bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased SPHK2 Transcription of Human Colon Cancer Cells in Serum‐Depleted Culture: The Involvement of CREB Transcription Factor
Authors: Mizutani Naoki , Omori Yukari , Tanaka Koji , Ito Hiromi , Takagi Akira , Kojima Tetsuhito , Nakatochi Masahiro , Ogiso Hideo , Kawamoto Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Suzuki Motoshi , Kyogashima Mamoru , Tamiya‐Koizumi Keiko , Nozawa Yoshinori , Murate Takashi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSphingosine kinases (SPHK) are important to determine cells' fate by producing sphingosine 1‐phosphate. Reportedly, exogenous SPHK2 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest or cell death. However, the regulatory mechanism of SPHK2 expression has not been fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed this issue using human colon cancer cell lines under various stress conditions. Serum depletion (FCS(‐)) but not hypoxia and glucose depletion increased mRNA, protein and enzyme activity of SPHK2 but not SPHK1. In HCT116 cells mostly used, SPHK2 activity was predominant over SPHK1, and serum depletion increased both nuclear and cytoplasmic SPHK2 activity. Based on previous reports analyzing cellular response after serum depletion, the temporal changes of intracellular signaling molecules and candidate transcription factors for SPHK2 were examined using serum‐depleted HCT116 cells, and performed transfection experiments with siRNA or cDNA of candidate transcription factors. Results showed that the rapid and transient JNK activation followed by CREB activation was the major regulator of increased SPHK2 transcription in FCS(−) culture. EMSA and ChIP assay confirmed the direct binding of activated CREB to the CREB binding site of 5′ SPHK2 promoter region. Colon cancer cells examined continued to grow in FCS(−) culture, although mildly, while hypoxia and glucose depletion suppressed cell proliferation or induced cell death, suggesting the different role of SPHK2 in different stress conditions. Because of the unique relationship observed after serum depletion, we examined effects of siRNA for SPHK2, and found the role of SPHK2 as a growth or survival factor but not a cell proliferation inhibitor in FCS(−) culture. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2227–2238, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Home‐Based Telehealth Versus In‐Person Prolonged Exposure for Combat‐Related PTSD in Veterans: Preliminary Results
Authors: Yuen Erica K. , Gros Daniel F. , Price Matthew , Zeigler Stephanie , Tuerk Peter W. , Foa Edna B. , Acierno Ron 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTelehealth technology may reduce the effect of treatment barriers and improve participation in treatment for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study is an ongoing randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of prolonged exposure (PE) delivered via in person or home‐based video telehealth modalities.MethodA total of 52 veterans with combat‐related PTSD were randomized to receive 8–12 weeks of PE through either home‐based telehealth or standard in‐person office‐based care.ResultsParticipants evinced significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety from pre‐ to posttreatment across both conditions. Analyses conducted within a noninferiority framework suggested nonsignificant treatment outcome differences in clinician‐reported PTSD and self‐reported anxiety between the conditions. Results were inconclusive for self‐reported PTSD and depression symptoms. Patient satisfaction ratings did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionsResults suggest that PE can be delivered via home‐based telehealth with outcomes and satisfaction ratings comparable to in‐person practices for certain symptoms, however additional research is needed. This modality has the potential to address stigma‐ and geographic‐related barriers to treatment, such as travel time and cost.
Offender and Offence Characteristics of School Shooting Incidents
Authors: Gerard F. J. , Whitfield K. C. , Porter L. E. , Browne K. D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSchool shootings are a concern due to their impact in the local community. This paper aimed to (a) establish frequent characteristics of the offender and offence, (b) explore the differences between offenders who are over the age of 18 years and those who are younger, and (c) consider the underlying themes of the offence characteristics. Data were collected on 28 cases through accessing resources such as West Law and case studies. The majority of the offenders were Caucasian and US citizens and suffered from depression. Their offences were primarily well planned, involved more than three deaths, and resulted in the offender committing suicide. Pearson's chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test identified significant differences between the two age groups. Offenders who were 18 years of age or under were more likely to experience depression, be US citizens and be linked to the school. Additionally, offenders who were 18 years of age or under were more likely to have stolen their weapons and made threats prior to the incident. Smallest space analysis revealed four thematic regions in relation to the offence characteristics: making an impact, delivering a message, doing unrestrained activity, and targeting specific individuals. These findings have implications for risk assessment and furthering understanding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ablating hedgehog signaling in tenocytes during development impairs biomechanics and matrix organization of the adult murine patellar tendon enthesis
Authors: Breidenbach Andrew P. , Aschbacher‐Smith Lindsey , Lu Yinhui , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Liu Chia‐Feng , Liu Han , Wylie Chris , Rao Marepalli , Shearn Jason T. , Rowe David W. , Kadler Karl E. , Jiang Rulang , Butler David L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRestoring the native structure of the tendon enthesis, where collagen fibers of the midsubstance are integrated within a fibrocartilaginous structure, is problematic following injury. As current surgical methods fail to restore this region adequately, engineers, biologists, and clinicians are working to understand how this structure forms as a prerequisite to improving repair outcomes. We recently reported on the role of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), a novel enthesis marker, in regulating early postnatal enthesis formation. Here, we investigate how inactivating the Hh pathway in tendon cells affects adult (12‐week) murine patellar tendon (PT) enthesis mechanics, fibrocartilage morphology, and collagen fiber organization. We show that ablating Hh signaling resulted in greater than 100% increased failure insertion strain (0.10 v. 0.05 mm/mm, p<0.01) as well as sub‐failure biomechanical deficiencies. Although collagen fiber orientation appears overtly normal in the midsubstance, ablating Hh signaling reduces mineralized fibrocartilage by 32%, leading to less collagen embedded within mineralized tissue. Ablating Hh signaling also caused collagen fibers to coalesce at the insertion, which may explain in part the increased strains. These results indicate that Ihh signaling plays a critical role in the mineralization process of fibrocartilaginous entheses and may be a novel therapeutic to promote tendon‐to‐bone healing. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 33:1142–1151, 2015.
Resurfacing of the humeral head: An analysis of the bone stock and osseous integration under the implant
Authors: Schmidutz Florian , Sprecher Christoph M. , Milz Stefan , Gohlke Frank , Hertel Ralph , Braunstein Volker 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCementless‐surface‐replacement‐arthroplasty (CSRA) of the shoulder aims for functional joint restoration with minimal bone loss. Good clinical results have been reported, but due to the radiopaque metal shell no data is available on the structure, osseous integration, and bone stock under the implant.14 hemi‐CSRAs (4 manufacturers) with two geometries (crown [n = 7]/ stem [n = 7] fixation) were retrieved from patients undergoing revision due to glenoidal erosion. Histological sections cutting through the implant centre and bone were analysed. Quantitative histomorphometry evaluated the bone‐implant‐contact and compared the bone‐area to native humeral retrievals (n = 7). The bone‐implant‐interface was further assessed by scanning‐electron‐microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive‐x‐ray (EDX).Qualitative histology revealed a reduced and inhomogeneous bone stock. Obvious signs of stress shielding were observed with bone predominantly visible at the stem and implant rim. Quantitative histomorphometry confirmed the significantly reduced bone‐area (9.2 ± 3.9% [crown 9.9 ± 4.3%, stem 8.6 ± 3.6%]) compared to native humeri (21.2 ± 9.1%; p < 0.05). Bone‐implant‐contact was 20.5 ± 5.8% (crown 21.8 ± 6.2%, stem 19.2 ± 5.6%) which was confirmed by SEM and EDX.Altogether, CRSA shows satisfactory bone ingrowth at the interface suggesting sufficient primary stability to allow osseous integration. However, clear signs of stress shielding with an inhomogeneous and reduced bone stock were observed. The impact on the long‐term‐results is unclear requiring further investigation. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1382–1390, 2015.
Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities
Authors: Wang Ling , Tang De‐Qiang , Kuang Yu , Lin Feng‐Jiao , Su Yu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities.RESULTSThe polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1–3) by anion exchange chromatography. Their structural characteristics were first identified, including molecular weights and glycosidic linkages. The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1 → 2,4)‐α‐d‐Manp‐(1 → with branches attached to O‐4 of Manp. The NMR data of α‐l‐Araf‐(1→, →3)‐α‐l‐Araf‐(1→, →4)‐β‐d‐Galp‐(1 → and → 4)‐α‐d‐GalpAMe‐(1 → were assigned. PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities.CONCLUSIONThe above findings indicated that PAPs 1–3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. They could be used as health‐beneficial food additives in functional foods. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Biochemical characterization of a d‐psicose 3‐epimerase from Treponema primitiaZAS‐1 and its application on enzymatic production of d‐psicose
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Zhang Tao , Jiang Bo , Mu Wanmeng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rare sugar d‐psicose is a hexoketose monosaccharide and a C‐3 epimer of d‐fructose. d‐Psicose is a novel functional sweetener with 70% of the sweetness but only 0.3% of the energy content of sucrose. Generally, the industrial production of d‐psicose involves a bioconversion from d‐fructose induced by ketose 3‐epimerases.RESULTSThe d‐psicose 3‐epimerase (DPEase) gene from Treponema primitia ZAS‐1 (Trpr‐DPEase) was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme was purified with a molecular mass of 33 kDa. Trpr‐DPEase exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 70 °C and was sensitive to temperature, with relative thermal stability below 50 °C. It was strictly metal‐dependent and displayed maximum catalytic activity with 450 µmol L−1 Co2+. The Km values of the enzyme for d‐psicose and d‐fructose were 209 and 279 mmol L−1 respectively. The d‐psicose/d‐fructose equilibrium ratio of Trpr‐DPEase was 28:72.CONCLUSIONA novel DPEase from T. primitia ZAS‐1 was characterized that could catalyze the formation of d‐psicose from d‐fructose. d‐Psicose was produced at a yield of 137.5 g L−1 from 500 g L−1 d‐fructose, suggesting that Trpr‐DPEase might be appropriate for the industrial production of d‐psicose. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of synthetic and natural water‐absorbing soil amendments on photosynthesis characteristics and tuber nutritional quality of potato in a semi‐arid region
Authors: Xu Shengtao , Zhang Lei , McLaughlin Neil B , Mi Junzhen , Chen Qin , Liu Jinghui 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect of water‐absorbing soil amendments on photosynthesis characteristics and tuber nutritional quality was investigated in a field experiment in a semi‐arid region in northern China in 2010–2012. Treatments included two synthetic water‐absorbing amendments, potassium polyacrylate (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), and one natural amendment, humic acid (HA), both as single amendments and compound amendments (HA combined with PAA or PAM), and a no amendment control.RESULTSSoil amendments had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01) on photosynthesis characteristics, dry biomass, crop root/shoot (R/S) ratio and tuber nutritional quality. They improved both dry biomass above ground and dry biomass underground in the whole growing season by 4.6–31.2 and 1.1–83.1% respectively in all three years. Crop R/S ratio was reduced in the early growing season by 2.0–29.4% and increased in the later growing season by 2.3–32.6%. Soil amendments improved leaf soil plant analysis development value, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by 1.4–17.0, 5.1–45.9, 2.4–90.6 and 2.0–22.6% respectively and reduced intercellular CO2 concentration by 2.1–19.5% in all three years.CONCLUSIONAmendment treatment with PAM + HA always had the greatest effect on photosynthesis characteristics and tuber nutritional quality among all amendment treatments and thus merits further research. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Greedy and Linear Ensembles of Machine Learning Methods Outperform Single Approaches for QSPR Regression Problems
Authors: Kew William , Mitchell John B. O. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe application of Machine Learning to cheminformatics is a large and active field of research, but there exist few papers which discuss whether ensembles of different Machine Learning methods can improve upon the performance of their component methodologies. Here we investigated a variety of methods, including kernel‐based, tree, linear, neural networks, and both greedy and linear ensemble methods. These were all tested against a standardised methodology for regression with data relevant to the pharmaceutical development process. This investigation focused on QSPR problems within drug‐like chemical space. We aimed to investigate which methods perform best, and how the ‘wisdom of crowds’ principle can be applied to ensemble predictors. It was found that no single method performs best for all problems, but that a dynamic, well‐structured ensemble predictor would perform very well across the board, usually providing an improvement in performance over the best single method. Its use of weighting factors allows the greedy ensemble to acquire a bigger contribution from the better performing models, and this helps the greedy ensemble generally to outperform the simpler linear ensemble. Choice of data preprocessing methodology was found to be crucial to performance of each method too.
Novel Uses of In Vitro Data to Develop Quantitative Biological Activity Relationship Models for in Vivo Carcinogenicity Prediction
Authors: Pradeep Prachi , Povinelli Richard J. , Merrill Stephen J. , Bozdag Serdar , Sem Daniel S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe availability of large in vitro datasets enables better insight into the mode of action of chemicals and better identification of potential mechanism(s) of toxicity. Several studies have shown that not all in vitro assays can contribute as equal predictors of in vivo carcinogenicity for development of hybrid Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models. We propose two novel approaches for the use of mechanistically relevant in vitro assay data in the identification of relevant biological descriptors and development of Quantitative Biological Activity Relationship (QBAR) models for carcinogenicity prediction. We demonstrate that in vitro assay data can be used to develop QBAR models for in vivo carcinogenicity prediction via two case studies corroborated with firm scientific rationale. The case studies demonstrate the similarities between QBAR and QSAR modeling in: (i) the selection of relevant descriptors to be used in the machine learning algorithm, and (ii) the development of a computational model that maps chemical or biological descriptors to a toxic endpoint. The results of both the case studies show: (i) improved accuracy and sensitivity which is especially desirable under regulatory requirements, and (ii) overall adherence with the OECD/REACH guidelines. Such mechanism based models can be used along with QSAR models for prediction of mechanistically complex toxic endpoints.
An improved DC model for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Shen Li , Chen Bo , Sun Ling , Luo Danting , Gao Jianjun 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAn Improved empirical model for the DC I‐V characteristics of a GaN High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented in this article. The improvement consists in allowing the Curtice model parameters to vary with gate‐source voltage. Model parameter extraction is made for a 100 μm gate‐width GaN HEMT. A good agreement is obtained between modeled results and measured results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1027–1029, 2015
A flexible and transparent antenna on a polyamide substrate for laptop computers
Authors: Lee Chang Min , Kim Youngsung , Kim Yongjin , Kim Il Kwon , Jung Chang Won 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents an antenna with the characteristics of flexibility and transparency for use in laptop computers. The operating frequency band of the antenna is 5.18–5.32 GHz, in wireless local area network 802.11a service. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a polyamide substrate, and the conducting material for the antenna consisted of a multilayer film (IZTO/Ag/IZTO). In addition, we designed and measured two antennas with two electrodes (IZTO/Ag/IZTO and Ag) to compare and evaluate their performance and transparency. Moreover, we applied this antenna to laptop application and simulated and measured the performance dependence of the antenna by both the position and angle with the display plane (ground) of the laptop. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1038–1042, 2015
A micro controller‐based adaptive tuning technique for enhancing power flatness of an X‐band ×72 frequency multiplier
Authors: Jung Jin‐Woo , Jung Won‐Jae , Lim Se‐mi , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Nam Kyu‐Hyun , Park Jun‐Seok 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents an adaptive tuning technique for improving the power flatness of an X‐band frequency multiplier. The major features are highlighted: a tunable band‐pass filter, and a microcontroller process. Simulation and measurement results show the power flatness is improved from 5–5.5 dB to 0.5–1 dB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1056–1060, 2015
Inductive power transfer and FAR‐field radiation with small dual‐band antennas
Authors: Chang Tammy , Tanabe Yuji , Tan Bryant , Poon Ada 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough traditional designs achieve performance requirements by placing antennas for separate radio applications far apart to minimize coupling, recent trends require antennas to be placed within close proximity of each other due to space constraints. To enable both near‐field wireless powering and far‐field data communication on a single device, this letter describes the design of small antennas with both Bluetooth and near‐field communication capabilities. The results for three distinct antenna designs indicate that combining disparate field regimes into a single dual‐band antenna can be used to optimize performance for the particular application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1053–1056, 2015
Wide band balun filter using open/shorted coupled line sections
Authors: Pu Xing Yu , Zhou Xin Yu , Zheng Shao Yong , Long Yun Liang 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTOut of phase equal power division and bandpass filtering functionalities are combined within a single circuit element over a wide bandwidth. This is achieved in the proposed structure by the use of open/shorted coupled line sections. A balun band pass filter (BPF) with a wide bandwidth of 40% is realized to validate the feasibility of the proposed structure. The measured results agree well with simulation, exhibiting small amplitude, and phase imbalance at the output ports throughout the desired passband, together with good rejection elsewhere. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1099–1101, 2015
Differential‐fed ultrawideband polarization diverstiy antenna with dual notch bands
Authors: Huang He , Liu Ying , Gong Shu‐Xi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA differential‐fed ultrawideband (UWB) polarization diversity antenna with dual band‐notched features is proposed in this letter for the first time. The antenna is composed of a smoothing square slot and two orthogonal differential pairs aiming to achieve polarization diversity operation across the UWB from 2 to 11 GHz. High differential port isolation of less than −40 dB is also obtained. Besides, the embedded C‐shaped slots on the main radiation elements are used to filter 5.5 GHz wireless local area network band and 8 GHz X‐band. A prototype has been manufactured and tested. Results show that the antenna will be promising for the application in UWB wireless communication systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1084–1089, 2015
Design and realization of high directivity microstrip coupler
Authors: Maheswari Shanmugam , Jayanthy Thankappan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTA method to improve the directivity of the microstrip coupler is presented. The structure of the coupler is modified for variable coupling coefficient. Using this structure, the power coupled to the isolated port can be controlled which results in high directivity. Using this procedure, 15‐dB couplers are designed and fabricated at 0.9 GHz. A high directivity of 43 dB is measured. The validity of the design concept is verified by simulations and measurements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1078–1081, 2015
Novel adaptive blind spot detector using square modified cantor fractal microstrip antenna array
Authors: Mondal Tapas , Roy Taniya , Ghatak Rowdra , Chaudhuri Sekhar Bhadra 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an adaptive vehicular antenna array with four analog variable phase shifters and a corporate feed network to tilt the main beam in any broadside direction and scan the blind spot zone. Square modified cantor fractal geometry of each element achieves 65% surface reduction, measured 75 MHz bandwidth, 5.5 dB gain, −32 dB return loss, and an array gain of 11 dB at 5.88 GHz dedicated short range communication service frequency band. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1067–1072, 2015