bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemi salvage high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in unilateral radiorecurrent prostate cancer: a prospective two‐centre study
Authors: Baco Eduard , Gelet Albert , Crouzet Sébastien , Rud Erik , Rouvière Olivier , Tonoli‐Catez Hélène , Berge Viktor , Chapelon Jean‐Yves , Eggesbø Heidi B. 
Published: October 2013

Objective
To report the oncological and functional outcomes of hemi salvage high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HSH) in patients with unilateral radiorecurrent prostate cancer.
Patients and Methods
Between 2009 and 2012, 48 patients were prospectively enrolled in two European centres. Inclusion criteria were biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary radiotherapy (RT), positive magnetic resonance imaging and ≥1 positive biopsy in only one lobe.
BCR was defined using Phoenix criteria (a rise by ≥2 ng/mL above the nadir prostate specific antigen [PSA] level).
The following schemes and criteria for functional outcomes were used: Ingelman‐Sundberg score using International Continence Society (ICS) questionnaire (A and B), International prostate symptom score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function‐5 (IIEF‐5) points, the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaires (QLQ C‐30).
HSH was performed under spinal or general anaesthesia using the Ablatherm® Integrated Imaging device. Patients with obstructive voiding symptoms at the time of treatment underwent an endoscopic bladder neck resection or incision during the same anaesthesia to prevent the risk of postoperative obstruction.
Results
After HSH the mean (sd) PSA nadir was 0.69 (0.83) ng/mL at a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 16.3 (10.5–24.5) months. Disease progression occurred in 16/48 (33%). Of these, four had local recurrence in the untreated lobe and four bilaterally, six developed metastases, and two had rising PSA levels without local recurrence or radiological confirmed metastasis. Progression‐free survival rates at 12, 18, and 24 months were 83%, 64%, and 52%.
Severe incontinence occurred in four of the 48 patients (8%), eight (17%) required one pad a day, and 36/48 (75%) were pad‐free. The ICS questionnaire showed a mean (sd) deterioration from 0.7 (2.0) to 2.3 (4.5) for scores A and 0.6 (1.4) to 1.6 (3.0) for B.
The mean (sd) IPSS and erectile function (IIEF‐5) scores decreased from a mean (sd) of 7.01 (5.6) to 8.6 (5.1) and from 11.2 (8.6) to 7.0 (5.8), respectively.
The mean (sd) EORTC QLC‐30 scores before and after HSH were 35.7 (8.6) vs 36.8 (8.6).
Conclusion
HSH is a feasible therapeutic option in patients with unilateral radiorecurrent prostate cancer, which offers limited urinary and rectal morbidity, and preserves health‐related quality of life.
Glucocorticoids suppress hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 and hypoxia inducible factor‐1α expression through the induction of glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper
Authors: Lim Wonchung , Park Choa , Shim Myeong Kuk , Lee Yong Hee , Lee You Mie , Lee YoungJoo 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeThe COX‐2/PGE2 pathway in hypoxic cancer cells has important implications for stimulation of inflammation and tumourigenesis. However, the mechanism by which glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) inhibit COX‐2 during hypoxia has not been elucidated. Hence, we explored the mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid‐mediated inhibition of hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 in human distal lung epithelial A549 cells.Experimental ApproachThe expressions of COX‐2 and glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in A549 cells were determined by Western blot and/or quantitative real time‐PCR respectively. The anti‐invasive effect of GILZ on A549 cells was evaluated using the matrigel invasion assay.Key ResultsThe hypoxia‐induced increase in COX‐2 protein and mRNA levels and promoter activity were suppressed by dexamethasone, and this effect of dexamethasone was antagonized by the GR antagonist RU486. Overexpression of GILZ in A549 cells also inhibited hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 expression levels and knockdown of GILZ reduced the glucocorticoid‐mediated inhibition of hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 expression, indicating that the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 are mediated by GILZ. GILZ suppressed the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α at the protein level and affected its signalling pathway. Hypoxia‐induced cell invasion was also dramatically reduced by GILZ expression.Conclusion and ImplicationsDexamethasone‐induced upregulation of GILZ not only inhibits the hypoxic‐evoked induction of COX‐2 expression and cell invasion but further blocks the HIF‐1 pathway by destabilizing HIF‐1α expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that the suppression of hypoxia‐induced COX‐2 by glucocorticoids is mediated by GILZ. Hence, GILZ is a potential key therapeutic target for suppression of inflammation under hypoxia.
Maternal care and subsocial behaviour in spiders
Authors: Yip Eric C. , Rayor Linda S. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWhile most spiders are solitary and opportunistically cannibalistic, a variety of social organisations has evolved in a minority of spider species. One form of social organisation is subsociality, in which siblings remain together with their parent for some period of time but disperse prior to independent reproduction. We review the literature on subsocial and maternal behaviour in spiders to highlight areas in which subsocial spiders have informed our understanding of social evolution and to identify promising areas of future research. We show that subsocial behaviour has evolved independently at least 18 times in spiders, across a wide phylogenetic distribution. Subsocial behaviour is diverse in terms of the form of care provided by the mother, the duration of care and sibling association, the degree of interaction and cooperation among siblings, and the use of vibratory and chemical communication. Subsocial spiders are useful model organisms to study various topics in ecology, such as kin recognition and the evolution of cheating and its impact on societies. Further, why social behaviour evolved in some lineages and not others is currently a topic of debate in behavioural ecology, and we argue that spiders offer an opportunity to untangle the ecological causes of parental care, which forms the basis of many other animal societies.
Autologous Ilium Grafts: Long‐Term Results on Immediate or Staged Functional Rehabilitation of Mandibular Segmental Defects Using Dental Implants after Tumor Resection
Authors: Zou Duohong , Huang Wei , Wang Feng , Wang Shen , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhang Chenpin , Kaigler Darnell , Wu Yiqun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is a challenge for clinicians to restore oral function in patients with segmental defects of the mandible because of tumor extirpation. Dental implant therapy following vascularized autologous ilium grafts is an effective method to restore oral function in patients with mandibular segmental defects.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the long‐term clinical outcomes of ilium grafts combined with immediate or staged mandibular dental implant therapy to restore craniofacial defects resulting from tumor resection.Materials and MethodsOver a 5‐year period (2000–2004), 32 patients who underwent mandibular segmental resection for tumors were treated with vascularized ilium grafts to augment bone volume. Seventeen patients received phase I therapy (immediate placement of implants), and 15 patients underwent phase II therapy (delayed placement of implants). A total of 110 dental implants were placed in these patients for mandibular restoration of the defective areas. Information regarding implant success and survival rates, marginal bone loss, soft tissue inflammation, complications of prosthesis, and patient satisfaction for the 8 to 12 years following oral reconstruction was obtained from patient records.ResultsAlthough there was mild evidence of bone graft resorption, the vascularized autogenous ilium bone grafts were successful in all patients. The cumulative patient survival and success rate of the implants were 96.4% and 91.8%, respectively. The mean peri‐implant bone resorption ranged from 1.0 to 1.2 mm over the 8‐ to 12‐year follow‐up period. The annual mean number of complications/repairs was from 0.11 to 0.07 per patient during the 8‐ to 12‐year follow‐up. Over 80% of the patients were fully satisfied with their restoration of oral function.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that reconstruction of mandibular segmental defects because of resection of mandibular tumors using dental implants therapy combined with vascularized autogenous ilium grafts is an effective method to restore oral function.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in Child's A cirrhosis: a retrospective analysis of matched pairs following liver transplantation vs. liver resection according to the intention‐to‐treat principle
Authors: Foltys Daniel , Zimmermann Tim , Kaths Moritz , Strempel Mari , Heise Michael , Hoppe‐Lotichius Maria , Weiler Nina , Scheuermann Uwe , Ruckes Christian , Hansen Torsten , Pitton Michael , Otto Gerd 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis is the first matched pair analysis on the puzzling clinical problem of whether to perform liver transplantation (LT) or liver resection (LR) for Child's A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A total of 201 patients diagnosed with HCC and Child's A liver cirrhosis were treated with LT transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or LR between 1998 and 2012. To achieve the most accurate study design, two groups of 57 patients were matched retrospectively according to their tumor characteristics detected by the initial computerized tomography (CT) scan. Sixteen of 57 LT candidates were not transplanted due to tumor progress during pre‐treatment (TACE). Nevertheless, the retrospective analysis of the matched pairs according to the intention‐to‐treat principle resulted in a better five‐yr overall survival (OS) rate of 54.3% for the group of LT candidates compared with 35.7% for those receiving LR (p = 0.19). In patients meeting the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, five‐yr OS reached 58.4% after LT and 45.1% after LR (p = 0.56). For Milan criteria (MC) patients, LT resulted in 57.9% and LR in 42% five‐yr OS rate (p = 0.29). In conclusion, the finding of a better OS rate in LT was not statistically significant. There was also a selection bias in favor of LT, which may have influenced the OS. Therefore, particularly in regard to organ scarcity, LR remains a viable treatment option for respectable HCC in Child's A cirrhosis.
Benign hereditary chorea related to NKX2.1: expansion of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Peall Kathryn J , Lumsden Daniel , Kneen Rachel , Madhu Rajesh , Peake Deirdre , Gibbon Frances , Lewis Hilary , Hedderly Tammy , Meyer Esther , Robb Stephanie A , Lynch Bryan , King Mary D , Lin Jean‐Pierre , Morris Huw R , Jungbluth Heinz , Kurian Manju A 
Published: October 2013

AimBenign hereditary chorea is a dominantly inherited, childhood‐onset hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by non‐progressive chorea and variable degrees of thyroid and respiratory involvement. Loss‐of‐function mutations in NKX2.1, a gene vital to the normal development and function of the brain, lungs, and thyroid, have been identified in a number of individuals.MethodClinical data from individuals with benign hereditary chorea identified through paediatric neurology services were collected in a standardized format. The NKX2.1 gene was analysed by Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and microarray analysis.ResultsSix of our cohort were female and four male, median age at assessment was 8 years 6 months (range 1y 6mo–18y). We identified 10 probands with NKX2.1 mutations; nine of these mutations are novel (including two whole‐gene deletions) and one has been previously reported. Of the 10 individuals, eight presented with muscle hypotonia and four had evidence of hypothyroidism or respiratory involvement. Only three out of the 10 individuals had the full triad of ‘brain–lung–thyroid syndrome’ symptoms. Additional clinical characteristics occurring in individual participants included growth hormone deficiency, pes cavus, kyphosis, duplex kidney, and obsessive–compulsive disorder.InterpretationOur data suggest that the neurological phenotype is prominent in this condition and that many patients with benign hereditary chorea do not have the classic triad of brain–lung–thyroid syndrome. The extended phenotype may include obsessive–compulsive disorder and skeletal abnormalities.
Ethnicity and long‐term vascular outcomes in Type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study (UKPDS 83)
Authors: Davis T. M. E. , Coleman R. L. , Holman R. R. ,   UKPDS Group
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsEvidence of ethnic differences in vascular complications of diabetes has been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ethnicity and long‐term outcome in a large sample of individuals with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a prospective observational study of 4273 UK Prospective Diabetes Study participants followed for a median of 18 years, 3543 (83%) were White Caucasian, 312 (7%) Afro‐Caribbean and 418 (10%) Asian Indian. Relative risks for predefined outcomes were assessed comparing Afro‐Caribbean and Asian Indian with White Caucasian using accelerated failure time models, with adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and other potentially confounding variables.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 2468 (58%) participants had any diabetes‐related end point, 1037 (24%) a myocardial infarction and 401 (9%) a stroke, and 1782 (42%) died. Asian Indian were at greater risk (relative risk, 95% confidence interval) for any diabetes‐related end point (1.18, 1.07–1.29), but at lower risk of all‐cause mortality (0.89, 0.80–0.97) and peripheral vascular disease (0.43, 0.23–0.82), vs. White Caucasian. Afro‐Caribbean participants were at lower risk for all‐cause mortality (0.84, 0.76–0.93), diabetes‐related death (0.75, 0.64–0.88), myocardial infarction (0.55, 0.43–0.71) and peripheral vascular disease (0.55, 0.33–0.93) vs. White Caucasian. No ethnicity‐related associations were found for stroke or microangiopathy.ConclusionsAsian Indian ethnicity is associated with the greatest burden of disease, but not with an increased risk of major vascular complications or death. Afro‐Caribbean ethnicity is associated with reduced risk of all‐cause and diabetes‐related death, myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease, suggesting an ethnicity‐specific protective mechanism.
Height and the risk of gestational diabetes: variations by race/ethnicity
Authors: Brite J. , Shiroma E. J. , Bowers K. , Yeung E. , Laughon S. K. , Grewal J. G. , Zhang C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsGestational diabetes is a common pregnancy complication affecting races/ethnicities disproportionally. Adult height, an indicator of both genetic and early‐life factors, is inconsistently associated with gestational diabetes risk. We examined the association and whether it varies by races in a nationally representative US cohort.MethodsAnalyses were conducted among 135 861 pregnancies in the Consortium on Safe Labor, 5567 of which were diagnosed with gestational diabetes based on medical records review. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of gestational diabetes, controlling for other risk factors including body weight. Additionally, a meta‐analysis of 15 761 pregnancies with gestational diabetes and 205 828 without gestational diabetes was conducted to estimate the pooled mean difference in height between those with gestational diabetes and control subjects.ResultsHeight was inversely associated with gestational diabetes risk across races/ethnicities, with the strongest association among Asians (P for interaction < 0.01). Comparing extreme quartiles (> 168 vs. < 157 cm), adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.18 (0.09–0.36) for Asians/Pacific Islanders, 0.33 (0.29–0.38) for non‐Hispanic white women, 0.39 (0.31–0.51) for Hispanics and 0.59 (0.47–0.75) for non‐Hispanic black women. Meta‐analysis found women with gestational diabetes to be significantly shorter than others.ConclusionsTaller women are at lower risk of developing gestational diabetes, with the magnitude of association varying significantly across races/ethnicities.
Contrasting weight changes with LY2605541, a novel long‐acting insulin, and insulin glargine despite similar improved glycaemic control in T1DM and T2DM
Authors: Jacober S. J. , Rosenstock J. , Bergenstal R. M. , Prince M. J. , Qu Y. , Beals J. M. 
Published: October 2013

AimsThe basal insulin analogue LY2605541, a PEGylated insulin lispro with prolonged duration of action, was previously shown to be associated with modest weight loss in Phase 2, randomized, open‐label trials in type 2 (N = 288) and type 1 (N = 137) diabetes mellitus (T2DM and T1DM), compared with modest weight gain with insulin glargine. Exploratory analyses were conducted to further characterize these findings.MethodsPearson correlations between change in body weight and other variables were calculated. Continuous variables were analysed using a mixed linear model with repeated measurements. Proportions of subjects with weight loss were analysed using Fisher's exact test for T2DM and Nagelkerke's method for T1DM.ResultsWeight loss was more common in LY2605541‐treated patients than in patients treated with insulin glargine (T2DM: 56.9 vs. 40.2%, p = 0.011; T1DM: 66.1 vs. 40.3%, p < 0.001). More LY2605541‐treated patients experienced ≥5% weight loss compared to patients treated with glargine (T2DM: 4.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.033; T1DM: 11.9 vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). In both the T1DM and T2DM studies, weight change did not correlate with baseline body mass index (BMI), or change in HDL‐cholesterol in either treatment group. No consistent correlations were found across both studies between weight change and any of the variables assessed; however, weight change was significantly correlated with hypoglycaemia rate in glargine‐treated T2DM patients.ConclusionIn two Phase 2 trials, improved glycaemic control with long‐acting basal insulin analogue LY2605541 is associated with weight loss in previously insulin‐treated patients. This weight change is independent of baseline BMI or hypoglycaemia.
Re‐starting a neural race: anti‐saccade correction
Authors: Noorani Imran , Carpenter R. H. S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the anti‐saccade task, a subject must make a saccadic eye movement in the opposite direction from a suddenly‐presented visual target. This sets up a conflict between the natural tendency to make a pro‐saccade towards the target and the required anti‐saccade. Consequently there is a tendency to make errors, usually corrected by a second movement in the correct anti‐saccade direction. In a previous paper, we showed that a very simple model, with racing LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold at Ergodic Rate) units for the pro‐ and anti‐directions, and a stop unit that inhibits the impending error response, could account precisely for the detailed distributions of reaction times both for correct and error responses. However, the occurrence and timing of these final corrections have not been studied. We propose a novel mechanism: the decision race re‐starts after an error. Here we describe measurements of all the responses in an anti‐saccade task, including corrections, in a group of human volunteers, and show that the timing of the corrections themselves can be predicted by the same model with one additional assumption, that initiation of an incorrect pro‐saccade also resets and initiates a corrective anti‐saccade. No extra parameters are needed to predict this complex aspect of behaviour, adding weight to our proposal that we correct our mistakes by re‐starting a neural decision race. The concept of re‐starting a decision race is potentially exciting because it implies that neural processing of one decision can influence the next, and may be a fruitful way of understanding the complex behaviour underlying sequential decisions.
The potential for bioenergy crops to contribute to meeting GB heat and electricity demands
Authors: Wang Shifeng , Hastings Astley , Wang Sicong , Sunnenberg Gilla , Tallis Matthew J. , Casella Eric , Taylor Simon , Alexander Peter , Cisowska Iwona , Lovett Andrew , Taylor Gail , Firth Steven , Moran Dominic , Morison James , Smith Pete 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe paper presents a model system, which consists of a partial equilibrium model and process‐based terrestrial biogeochemistry models, to determine the optimal distributions of both Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and short rotation coppice willow (SRC) (Salix. viminalis L. x S. viminalis var Joruun) in Great Britain (GB), as well as their potential contribution to meet heat and electricity demand in GB. Results show that the potential contribution of Miscanthus and SRC to heat and electricity demand is significant. Without considering farm‐scale economic constraints, Miscanthus and SRC could generate, in an economically competitive way compared with other energy generation costs, 224 800 GWh yr−1 heat and 112 500 GWh yr−1 electricity, with 8 Mha of available land under Miscanthus and SRC, accounting for 66% of total heat demand and 62% of total electricity demand respectively. Given the pattern of heat and electricity demand, and the relative yields of Miscanthus and SRC in different parts of GB, Miscanthus is mainly favoured in the Midlands and areas in the South of GB, whereas SRC is favoured in Scotland, the Midlands and areas in the South of GB.
Helicobacter pylori Antigen HP0986 (TieA) Interacts with Cultured Gastric Epithelial Cells and Induces IL8 Secretion via NF‐κB Mediated Pathway
Authors: Devi Savita , Ansari Suhail A. , Vadivelu Jamuna , Mégraud Francis , Tenguria Shivendra , Ahmed Niyaz 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe envisaged roles and partly understood functional properties of Helicobacter pylori protein HP0986 are significant in the context of proinflammatory and or proapoptotic activities, the two important facilitators of pathogen survival and persistence. In addition, sequence analysis of this gene predicts a restriction endonuclease function which remained unknown thus far. To evaluate the role of HP0986 in gastric inflammation, we studied its expression profile using a large number of clinical isolates but a limited number of biopsies and patient sera. Also, we studied antigenic role of HP0986 in altering cytokine responses of human gastric epithelial (AGS) cells including its interaction with and localization within the AGS cells.Materials and MethodsFor in vitro expression study of HP0986, 110 H. pylori clinical isolates were cultured from patients with functional dyspepsia. For expression analysis by qRT PCR of HP0986, 10 gastric biopsy specimens were studied. HP0986 was also used to detect antibodies in patient sera. AGS cells were incubated with recombinant HP0986 to determine cytokine response and NF‐κB activation. Transient transfection with HP0986 cloned in pEGFPN1 was used to study its subcellular localization or homing in AGS cells.ResultsOut of 110 cultured H. pylori strains, 34 (31%) were positive for HP0986 and this observation was correlated with in vitro expression profiles. HP0986 mRNA was detected in 7 of the 10 biopsy specimens. Further, HP0986 induced IL‐8 secretion in gastric epithelial cells in a dose and time‐dependent manner via NF‐κB pathway. Serum antibodies against HP0986 were positively associated with H. pylori positive patients. Transient transfection of AGS cells revealed both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of HP0986.ConclusionHP0986 was moderately prevalent in clinical isolates and its expression profile in cultures and gastric biopsies points to its being naturally expressed. Collective observations including the induction of IL‐8 via TNFR1 and NF‐κB, subcellular localization, and seropositivity data point to a significant role of HP0986 in gastroduodenal inflammation. We propose to name the HP0986 gene/protein as ‘TNFR1 interacting endonuclease A (TieA or tieA)’.