bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of second screen use on sponsor brand awareness: a dual coding theory perspective
Authors: Jensen Jonathan A. , Walsh Patrick , Cobbs Joe , Turner Brian A. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how simultaneous use of devices such as personal computers, tablets and smartphones impacts the sponsors that receive brand integration during the broadcasts. Advances in technology now allow fans to consume broadcasts of televised events almost anywhere via personal computers, tablets and smartphones. These devices are also frequently utilized as “second screens” to communicate with fellow consumers on social media, access additional content or otherwise multitask during televised consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– An initial study served to test the applicability of the theoretical framework of a dual coding theory in this new context, followed by a 3 × 2 between-subjects design utilized to advance understanding of the influence of second screens on brand awareness of the sponsors of televised events.

Findings
– Results demonstrated that both brand recognition and recall were reduced by second screen activity across nearly all audio or visual consumption experiences. Further, while second screen use in an audiovisual setting did not interfere with consumers’ ability to recognize brands, indicating they were able to multitask and were not distracted, it inhibited their ability to recall brands from memory. This result provides evidence that second screen use may interfere with elaborative rehearsal and reduce cognitive capacity.

Practical implications
– Given that marketers are investing more resources than ever to achieve brand integration during televised events, these findings suggest that brands face challenges in achieving a requisite return on their investments.

Originality/value
– This study represents the first empirical investigation of the impact of consumers’ use of second screens in the academic literature, and has important implications for the sponsors of televised events.
Impact of consumers’ effort investments on buying decisions
Authors: Lala Vishal , Chakraborty Goutam 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to explore the effect of amount of effort invested by consumers toward the purchase of a product on the amount they will spend on the product. Authors argue that greater effort on the part of the consumer will lead to an irrational focus on sunk effort causing them to spend more.

Design/methodology/approach
– To explore the effect of amount of effort invested by consumers toward the purchase of a product on the amount they will spend on the product. Authors argue that greater effort on the part of the consumer will lead to an irrational focus on sunk effort, causing them to spend more.

Findings
– Consumers who invest more effort in buying, spend more on the product in a bid to justify their decision to invest effort in the first place. This effect is stronger in the presence of decisional control.

Originality/value
– Much academic research has examined adverse effects of effort spent by consumers and has sought to make things easier for consumers. This research shows that making it harder rather than easier, can make consumers willing to spend more money, particularly when they view themselves in control.
Consumer attitude and behavioural intention towards Internet banking adoption in India
Authors: Bashir Irfan , Madhavaiah Chendragiri 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the determinants of the customers’ attitude and behavioural intention to use Internet banking services, paying special attention to the role of perceived risk, trust, enjoyment, website design and social influence.

Design/methodology/approach
– A research model grounded on the technology acceptance model (TAM) reflecting the effects of trust, perceived risk, perceived enjoyment, perceived website design and social influence on TAM constructs is proposed. The structural equation modelling technique is used to analyse a sample of 697 individual Internet banking users in India through an online survey.

Findings
– The results of data analysis confirm some of the hypotheses drawn from the literature. Consistent with some of the other studies, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived enjoyment are found to be immediate direct determinants of customers’ attitude towards using Internet banking. Attitude, perceived risk, perceived enjoyment and trust determine the customers’ behavioural intentions to use Internet banking. Although the direct effect of perceived website design is significant only on perceived ease of use, its indirect effects are significant on perceived usefulness, attitude and behavioural intentions. Furthermore, perceived enjoyment exerts both direct and indirect effects on perceived usefulness but exerts only direct effect on perceived ease of use.

Research limitations/implications
– Generalizability of the research is a practical limitation in consumer research studies and the present study is not an exception to that. The current study focused only on some technological, behavioural and attitudinal factors, and many customer-specific factors and other psychographic and behavioural factors such as cost, perceived value, service quality and satisfaction, which can provide more significant insight into the adoption process, are not a part of the scope of the study.

Practical implications
– This research specifies the implications in three perspectives, viz., theoretical, methodological and managerial. Furthermore, this study provides the practical recommendations to enhance customer trust and guidelines to reduce perceived risk. The most significant implication for the banking sector is that apart from offering useful and user-friendly services, they need to build a trusting relationship with customers.

Originality/value
– This study extends existing body of Internet banking literature by incorporating trust and risk perceptions. The effects of website design and perceived enjoyment on Internet banking acceptance have been examined and were found to be significant in the Indian context. In addition, it enables us to contribute to the current literature on the emerging Indian Internet banking services (IBS) market, which is largely under-researched.
Daily environmental conditions determine the competition–facilitation balance for plant water status
Authors: Wright Alexandra , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPlants compete with their neighbours for a finite set of limiting resources, and this decreases individual plant performance, growth and survival. However, neighbouring plants also affect each other in positive ways.Positive facilitative effects can occur when neighbouring plants ameliorate harsh abiotic conditions (temperature, wind and high irradiation). Thus, when environmental conditions are severe, the importance of facilitation may increase. The co‐occurrence and masking effects of competition and facilitation among neighbouring plants have made it difficult to tease them apart in the past.We planted bur oak acorns (Quercus macrocarpa) into an experimental diversity gradient in a centralMNgrassland that provided a gradient in plant biomass. We predicted that greater biomass of neighbours would increase both competition and facilitation as measured by impacts on the minimum leaf water potential reached on any given day. Under moderate conditions, competition should predominate, but under hot/dry conditions, facilitation should become more important. We measured temperature, humidity and soil moisture in these plots for two growing seasons, as well as oak seedling leaf water potential across a range of daily conditions.On cool/humid days, plant interactions were dominated by competition for soil water: leaf water potentials of juvenile oaks were lower in plots with greater herbaceous biomass (and higher diversity). Conversely, on hot/dry days, facilitation of the microclimate determined the net effect of plants on their neighbours: leaf water potentials of juvenile oaks were higher in plots with higher herbaceous diversity and biomass.Synthesis. In terms of plant water status, plant interactions among neighbours can flip from net negative (competition) to net positive (facilitation) depending on daily abiotic conditions. The relative importance of both positive and negative interactions for plant water status may affect the overall performance of plants over time.
Where You Live Matters: Quality and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Schizophrenia Care in Four State Medicaid Programs
Authors: Horvitz‐Lennon Marcela , Volya Rita , Garfield Rachel , Donohue Julie M. , Lave Judith R. , Normand Sharon‐Lise T. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether (a) quality in schizophrenia care varies by race/ethnicity and over time and (b) these patterns differ across counties within states.Data SourcesMedicaid claims data from California, Florida, New York, and North Carolina during 2002–2008.Study DesignWe studied black, Latino, and white Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Hierarchical regression models, by state, quantified person and county effects of race/ethnicity and year on a composite quality measure, adjusting for person‐level characteristics.Principal FindingsOverall, our cohort included 164,014 person‐years (41–61 percent non‐whites), corresponding to 98,400 beneficiaries. Relative to whites, quality was lower for blacks in every state and also lower for Latinos except in North Carolina. Temporal improvements were observed in California and North Carolina only. Within each state, counties differed in quality and disparities. Between‐county variation in the black disparity was larger than between‐county variation in the Latino disparity in California, and smaller in North Carolina; Latino disparities did not vary by county in Florida. In every state, counties differed in annual changes in quality; by 2008, no county had narrowed the initial disparities.ConclusionsFor Medicaid beneficiaries living in the same state, quality and disparities in schizophrenia care are influenced by county of residence for reasons beyond patients’ characteristics.
rSPACE: Spatially based power analysis for conservation and ecology
Authors: Ellis Martha M. , Ivan Jacob S. , Tucker Jody M. , Schwartz Michael K. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPower analysis is an important step in designing effective monitoring programs to detect trends in plant or animal populations. Although project goals often focus on detecting changes in population abundance, logistical constraints may require data collection on population indices, such as detection/non‐detection data for occupancy estimation.We describe the open‐source R package,rSPACE, for implementing a spatially based power analysis for designing monitoring programs. This method incorporates information on species biology and habitat to parameterize a spatially explicit population simulation. A sampling design can then be implemented to create replicate encounter histories which are subsampled and analysed to estimate the power of the monitoring program to detect changes in population abundance over time, using occupancy as a surrogate.The proposed method and software are demonstrated with an analysis of wolverine monitoring in a U.S. Northern Rocky Mountain landscape.The package will be of use to ecologists interested in evaluating objectives and performance of monitoring programs.
Geriatric dentistry, teaching and future directions
Authors: Slack‐Smith LM , Hearn L , Wilson DF , Wright FAC 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany nations are facing a demographic shift in the age profile of their population, leading the World Health Organization to a ‘Call for Public Health Action’ on the oral health of older people.MethodsA search of the literature relevant to geriatric dentistry teaching was undertaken using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Eric and Psychlit. A search of dental professional school websites in Australia and policy and international practice documents was undertaken.ResultsThe international literature describes requirements for geriatric dentistry courses and various approaches to teaching, including didactic teaching, practical experiences and external placements. Challenges are identified in the area of geriatric dental education. Educational institutions (with others) have an obligation to lead change, yet there appears to be little formal recognition in Australian dental curricula of the need to develop quality education and research programmes in geriatric dentistry.ConclusionsInternationally, the inclusion of geriatrics within dental curricula has been the subject of consideration since the 1970s. The current evidence indicates that geriatrics/gerodontology is not a significant component of dental curricula. Given the projected age distribution in many countries, the need for implementation of dental curriculum content in the area of geriatrics/gerodontology is evident.
High‐flow nasal cannulae are associated with increased diaphragm activation compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants
Authors: Nasef Nehad , El‐Gouhary Enas , Schurr Patti , Reilly Maureen , Beck Jennifer , Dunn Michael , Ng Eugene 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimHigh‐flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) are increasingly used for respiratory management of preterm infants. However, their ability to provide support compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has been questioned. We compared the effect of HFNC versus nasal CPAP on diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) in preterm infants.MethodsPreterm infants ≤1500 g were randomised in a crossover design to receive 2 hours of either Infant Flow® CPAP (IF‐CPAP) at 5–6 cmH2O or HFNC with the flow rate adjusted to achieve an equivalent pharyngeal pressure. A feeding catheter with miniaturised sensors was inserted for continuous EAdi measurement.ResultsThe study comprised ten infants. Physiologic parameters and oxygen requirements were not different between the two modes. However, seven infants demonstrated a higher EAdi peak and six showed a higher EAdi tonic on HFNC, even though the mean group data showed no difference between HFNC and IF‐CPAP. Neural inspiratory time was significantly longer with HFNC than IF‐CPAP (0.55 ± 0.11 versus 0.48 ± 0.06 seconds, p = 0.018).ConclusionIn this cohort of preterm infants, the majority exhibited greater diaphragm activation, as assessed by neural breathing patterns, when supported with HFNC than IF‐CPAP, suggesting that nasal CPAP may provide more effective respiratory support.
Ultrasound observations of subtle movements: a pilot study comparing foetuses of smoking and nonsmoking mothers
Authors: Reissland Nadja , Francis Brian , Kumarendran Kumar , Mason James 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimOne way to assess foetal health of smokers is to ask mothers to count perceived movements, an unreliable method hiding differences in prenatal development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess subtle foetal movements in ultrasound scans and establish whether they differ in foetuses of mothers who smoked and nonsmoking mothers.MethodsThis longitudinal pilot study recruited twenty mothers (16 nonsmoking; 4 smoking) scanned four times from 24 to 36 weeks gestation (80 ultrasound scans). Two types of fine‐grained movements were coded offline and analysed using a Poisson log‐linear mixed model.ResultsFoetuses of smoking mothers showed a significantly higher rate of mouth movements compared to foetuses of nonsmoking mothers (p = 0.02), after controlling for maternal stress and depression. As pregnancy progressed, these differences between the smoking and nonsmoking groups widened. Differences between the two groups in the rate of foetal facial self‐touch remained constant as pregnancy progressed and were borderline significant (p = 0.07).ConclusionRates of foetal mouth movement and facial self‐touch differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. A larger study is needed to confirm these results and to investigate specific effects, including the interaction of maternal stress and smoking. Additionally, the feasibility of this technique for clinical practice should be assessed.
Pituitary stalk thickening on MRI: when is the best time to re‐scan and how long should we continue re‐scanning for?
Authors: Di Iorgi Natascia , Morana Giovanni , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proved to be an essential tool in the assessment of pituitary stalk lesions including lymphocytic infundibulo‐hypophysitis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), germ cell tumours, nongerminomatous germ cell tumours, pituicytomas and other tumours, metastases from lymphoma or breast cancer, Wegener's hypophysitis, neurosarcoidosis and inflammatory infiltrations by infectious diseases. The diagnosis of lesions determining pituitary stalk thickness is challenging, and the identification of the underlying condition may require a long‐term follow‐up. Thus, clinicians should readily recognize that, when the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus has been established, specific MRI sequences should be used in the assessment of the hypothalamic–pituitary region, and whole‐brain evaluation is recommended. For clinical practice, a timely diagnosis is advisable to avoid central nervous system damage, pituitary defects and the risk of dissemination of germ cell tumours or organ involvement by LCH. Proper aetiological diagnosis can be achieved via a series of steps that start with careful observation of several neuroimaging predictors and endocrine dysfunction and then progress to more sophisticated and advanced imaging techniques.
Effects of sequence diversity and recombination on the accuracy of phylogenetic trees estimated by kSNP
Authors: Hall Barry G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractkSNP v2 is a powerful tool for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification from complete microbial genomes and for estimating phylogenetic trees from the identified SNPs. kSNP can analyse finished genomes, genome assemblies, raw reads or any combination of those and does not require either genome alignment or reference genomes. This study uses sequence evolution simulations to evaluate the topological accuracy of kSNP trees and to assess the effects of diversity and recombination on that accuracy. The accuracies of kSNP trees are strongly affected by increasing diversity, with parsimony accuracy > maximum‐likelihood accuracy > neighbour‐joining accuracy. Accuracy is also strongly influenced by recombination; as recombination increases accuracy decreases. Reliable trees are arbitrarily defined as those that have ≥ 90% topological accuracy. It is determined that the best predictor of topological accuracy is the ratio of r/m, a measure of the effect of recombination, to FCK (the fraction of core kmers), a measure of diversity. Tools are available to allow investigators to determine both r/m and FCK, and the relationship between topological accuracy and the ratio of r/m to FCK is determined. The practical implication of this study is that kSNP is an effective tool for estimating phylogenetic trees from microbial genome sequences provided that both recombination and sequence diversity are within acceptable ranges.
Clinical analysis of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia in mainland China
Authors: Cao Yueqin , Shao Changzhou , Song Yuanlin , Bai Chunxue , He Lixian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetic disorder featured with dysfunctional motility of cilia. Clinical presentations of PCD include situs inversus, repeated respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis and infertility. This study aims to provide clinical strategies on diagnosis and treatment of PCD.MethodsClinical data of seven patients diagnosed as PCD in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were analyzed. We also extracted data from other cases in mainland China from the China Academic Journals Full‐Text Database by the end of 2012. A total of 127 cases of PCD were summarized and analyzed in this study.ResultsSeven patients in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were finally confirmed to have PCD. All of them had clinical history of recurrent respiratory infection. Imaging analysis showed varying degrees of bronchiectasis. Pulmonary function tests in four patients showed combined obstructive and restrictive patterns. Three cases were confirmed to have PCD by electron microscopy.We then further extracted information from literature for those 127 PCD patients in mainland China. All of them had chronic respiratory infection. Seven cases were complicated with recurrent otitis media and 15 cases were complicated with infertility. A total of 119 patients were diagnosed with situs inversus totalis (94%). Among those 127 patients, only 9 patients' diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. Four patients received sinus resection, and one patient received pulmonary lobectomy due to recurrent hemoptysis. One patient died of massive hemoptysis.ConclusionsBeing a rare disease and easily confused with uncomplicated bronchiectasis, PCD diagnosis warrants particular attention. Recurrent respiratory infection, especially situs inversus could be the most important indicator of this disease.
Successful embolization in childhood hemoptysis due to abnormal systemic arterial bleeding of the lung and review of the literature
Authors: Sismanlar Tugba , Aslan Ayse T. , Akkan Koray , Cindil Emetullah , Onal Baran , Ozcan Beyza 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsHemoptysis in children is a rare but potentially life‐threatening symptom of an underlying respiratory tract abnormality. Hemoptysis, when massive and untreated, has a mortality rate of more than 50%. With interventional radiological procedures and surgery, this rate has dropped to 7%–18%. The experience with bronchial arterial embolization in childhood is very limited; only a few case reports with short‐term follow‐up have been reported.MethodsWe report herein two patients with massive hemoptysis due to abnormal systemic arterial bleeding of the lung; neither patient had any lung or systemic disease. In both cases, the bleeding was controlled with endovascular embolization. The first case had bronchopulmonary arterial anastomosis and represents the first reported case with this anomaly. The second case had recurrent massive hemoptysis due to bronchial artery bleeding, and repeat embolization was performed.ResultsBoth of these children had rare vascular anomalies without parenchymal lung disease and were treated successfully with bronchial arterial embolization.ConclusionMassive hemoptysis due to abnormal systemic bleeding of the lung in the absence of parenchymal disease is an uncommon and severe symptom in childhood. Embolization can be a treatment option in children with abnormal vasculature bleeding and can be repeated safely when needed.