bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of denitrification using electrocoagulation process
Authors: Yehya Tania , Balla Wafaa , Chafi Mohammed , Audonnet Fabrice , Vial Christophe , Essadki Abdelhafid , Gourich Bouchaib 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe objectives were to study the applicability of electrocoagulation (EC) for the denitrification of drinking water and to determine the main mechanisms of pollution removal. Electrolysis in the intensiostatic mode was applied to a synthetic water representative of potable water in which the concentration of nitrate ions was varied up to 200 mg/L. The respective influences of process parameters, initial concentration of nitrates, and initial pH were investigated. Experimental results show that EC removes efficiently nitrates, following first‐order kinetics. A two‐step mechanism was established: it consisted of the electroreduction of nitrates into ammonium on the cathode, followed by the adsorption of ammonium on the precipitated oxyhydroxides. Adsorption exhibited a zero‐order mechanism. The rates of the two mechanisms were proportional to electrical charge loading and to the total amount of aluminum released in water, as current did not modify significantly the surface area of precipitates. However, adsorption was impaired by the increase of pH resulting from the electroreduction of nitrates, whereas the electrochemical step was insensitive to pH. While the electroreduction of nitrates is known to be far more expensive than biological denitrification, aluminum hydroxides formed during EC present interesting adsorption properties for ammonium removal.
The Role of Hydroxyl Group Acidity on the Activity of Silica‐Supported Secondary Amines for the Self‐Condensation of n‐Butanal
Authors: Shylesh Sankaranarayanapillai , Hanna David , Gomes Joseph , Canlas Christian G. , Head‐Gordon Martin , Bell Alexis T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe catalytic activity of secondary amines supported on mesoporous silica for the self‐condensation of n‐butanal to 2‐ethylhexenal can be altered significantly by controlling the Brønsted acidity of MOH species present on the surface of the support. In this study, MOH (M=Sn, Zr, Ti, and Al) groups were doped onto the surface of SBA‐15, a mesoporous silica, prior to grafting secondary propyl amine groups on to the support surface. The catalytic activity was found to depend critically on the synthesis procedure, the nature and amount of metal species introduced and the spatial separation between the acidic sites and amine groups. DFT analysis of the reaction pathway indicates that, for weak Brønsted acid groups, such as SiOH, the rate‐limiting step is CC bond formation, whereas for stronger Brønsted acid groups, such as Ti and Al, hydrolysis of iminium species produced upon CC bond formation is the rate‐limiting step. Theoretical analysis shows further that the apparent activation energy decreases with increasing Brønsted acidity of the MOH groups, consistent with experimental observation.
Cost‐Effective Synthesis of Amine‐Tethered Porous Materials for Carbon Capture
Authors: Lu Weigang , Bosch Mathieu , Yuan Daqiang , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA truly cost‐effective strategy for the synthesis of amine‐tethered porous polymer networks (PPNs) has been developed. A network containing diethylenetriamine (PPN‐125‐DETA) exhibits a high working capacity comparable to current state‐of‐art technology (30 % monoethanolamine solutions), yet it requires only one third as much energy for regeneration. It has also been demonstrated to retain over 90 % capacity after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles of CO2 in a temperature‐swing adsorption process. The results suggest that PPN‐125‐DETA is a very promising new material for carbon capture from flue gas streams.
The RanGEFBj1 promotes prospero nuclear export and neuroblast self‐renewal
Authors: Joy Tasha , Hirono Keiko , Doe Chris Q. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTDrosophila larval neuroblasts are a model system for studying stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation. Here, we report a novel role for the Drosophila gene Bj1 in promoting larval neuroblast self‐renewal. Bj1 is the guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor for Ran GTPase, which regulates nuclear import/export. Bj1 transcripts are highly enriched in larval brain neuroblasts (in both central brain and optic lobe), while Bj1 protein is detected in both neuroblasts and their neuronal progeny. Loss of Bj1 using both mutants or RNAi causes a progressive loss of larval neuroblasts, showing that Bj1 is required to maintain neuroblast numbers. Loss of Bj1 does not result in neuroblast apoptosis, but rather leads to abnormal nuclear accumulation of the differentiation factor Prospero, and premature neuroblast differentiation. We conclude that the Bj1 RanGEF promotes Prospero nuclear export and neuroblast self‐renewal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 485–493, 2015
Development of Low Loss Magnetodielectric Nanocomposites of Epoxy Resin and Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Hirose Yuichi , Hasegawa Daiji , Ohki Yoshimichi 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYTo achieve the aim of developing a new insulating substrate that can exhibit both high permittivity and high permeability, ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly in epoxy resin. Measurements of the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and permeability indicate that the composite can be a good candidate for an insulating substrate with negligibly small eddy‐current loss and sufficiently high permittivity.
Effect of extended follow‐up in a specialized heart failure clinic on adherence to guideline recommended therapy: NorthStar Adherence Study
Authors: Schou Morten , Gislason Gunnar , Videbaek Lars , Kober Lars , Tuxen Christian , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Hildebrandt Per R. , Gustafsson Finn ,   on behalf of the NorthStar Investigators
Published: October 2014

AimsThe optimal duration of a public heart failure (HF) clinic programme is unknown. This substudy of the NT‐proBNP stratified follow‐up in outpatient heart failure clinics (NorthStar) trial was designed to evaluate the effect of extended follow‐up in an outpatient HF clinic on long‐term adherence to guideline‐based therapy.Methods and resultsPatients with HF with reduced EF on optimal medical therapy (n = 921) were randomized to either extended follow‐up in the HF clinic (n = 461) or discharge to primary care (n = 460) and followed for a median of 4.1 years (range: 13 months to 6.1 years). The effect of the HF clinic intervention on treatment adherence (time to at least a 90 day break in treatment) was estimated by drug dispensing from pharmacies of an ACE inhibitor/ARB, beta‐blocker (BB), or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA). Median age was 69 years, 25% were females, LVEF was 30%, and 90% were in NYHA class II–III. The HF clinic intervention did not reduce time to a 90 day break in treatment with either an ACE inhibitor/ARB [hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–1.97, P = 0.650], a BB (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.53–2.66, P = 0.820), or an MRA (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.85–2.00, P = 0.238).ConclusionsExtended follow‐up in an outpatient HF clinic did not improve long‐term adherence to guideline‐based therapy, and adherence did not deteriorate when follow‐up was shifted from the HF clinic to primary care.
Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure in the Physicians' Health Study
Authors: Petrone Andrew B. , Gaziano J. Michael , Djoussé Luc 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo test the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is associated with a lower risk of heart failure (HF).Methods and ResultsWe prospectively studied 20 278 men from the Physicians' Health Study. Chocolate consumption was assessed between 1999 and 2002 via a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire and HF was ascertained through annual follow‐up questionnaires with validation in a subsample. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable adjusted relative risk of HF. During a mean follow‐up of 9.3 years there were 876 new cases of HF. The mean age at baseline was 66.4 ± 9.2 years. Hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for HF were 1.0 (ref), 0.86 (0.72–1.03), 0.80 (0.66–0.98), 0.92 (0.74–1.13), and 0.82 (0.63–1.07), for chocolate consumption of less than 1/month, 1–3/week, 2–4/week, and 5+/week, respectively, after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, exercise, energy intake, and history of atrial fibrillation (P for quadratic trend = 0.62). In a secondary analysis, chocolate consumption was inversely associated with risk of HF in men whose BMI was <25 kg/m2 [HR (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.37–0.94) for consumption of 5+ servings/week, P for linear trend = 0.03) but not in those with BMI of 25+ kg/m2 [HR (95% CI) = 1.01 (0.73–1.39), P for linear trend = 0.42, P for interaction = 0.17).ConclusionsOur data suggest that moderate consumption of chocolate might be associated with a lower risk of HF in male physicians.
Analysis of shear‐dominated RC columns using the nonlinear truss analogy
Authors: Moharrami Mohammadreza , Koutromanos Ioannis , Panagiotou Marios , Girgin Sadik Can 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper uses nonlinear truss models for the analysis of shear‐dominated reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to cyclic loading. A previously established method, aimed to the analysis of RC walls, is enhanced to allow simulations of column members. The concrete constitutive equations are modified to account for the contribution of the aggregate interlock to the shear resistance. Additionally, an equation is proposed to determine the inclination angle of the diagonal members in the truss models. The modeling approach is validated using the results of quasi‐static and dynamic tests on shear‐dominated RC columns. The combination of predictive capabilities and conceptual simplicity establishes truss‐based models as an attractive approach for the systematic analysis of shear‐dominated RC frame construction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses of the fragrance hydroxyambran using hydrogenation methods
Authors: Deutsch Jens , Jiménez Pinto Jhonny , Doerfelt Stephan , Martin Andreas , Köckritz Angela 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe preparation of 2‐cyclododecylpropan‐1‐ol (trade names: Hydroxyambran® and Amberwood®) from an easily available starting material was performed using two complementary synthesis routes. A high target product yield was achieved for one of the routes investigated by means of a heterogeneously and a consecutive homogeneously catalysed hydrogenation step. The reported approach is more effective than formerly applied reaction sequences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monotonicity in high‐order curvilinear finite element arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian remap
Authors: Anderson R. W. , Dobrev V. A. , Kolev Tz. V. , Rieben R. N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe remap phase in arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics involves the transfer of field quantities defined on a post‐Lagrangian mesh to some new mesh, usually generated by a mesh optimization algorithm. This problem is often posed in terms of transporting (or advecting) some state variable from the old mesh to the new mesh over a fictitious time interval. It is imperative that this remap process be monotonic, that is, not generate any new extrema in the field variables. It is well known that the only linear methods that are guaranteed to be monotonic for such problems are first‐order accurate; however, much work has been performed in developing non‐linear methods, which blend both high and low (first) order solutions to achieve monotonicity and preserve high‐order accuracy when the field is sufficiently smooth. In this paper, we present a set of methods for enforcing monotonicity targeting high‐order discontinuous Galerkin methods for advection equations in the context of high‐order curvilinear ALE hydrodynamics. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Mechanical chest compression with a medical parallel manipulator for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Yedukondalu G. , Srinath A. , Suresh Kumar J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundChest compression is the primary technique in emergency situations for resuscitating patients who have a cardiac arrest. Even for experienced personnel, it is difficult to perform chest compressions at the correct compression rate and depth.MethodsWe describe a new translational three‐revolute–revolute–revolute (3‐RRR) parallel manipulator designed for delivering chest compressions. The kinematic and chest analyses have been carried out analytically. The motion of the parallel manipulator while performing chest compressions was simulated under experimental conditions and the results were verified in MSC ADAMS software.ResultsSimulation and experimental results had more or less similar results. The proposed parallel manipulator was able to achieve 120 compressions/min (cpm) with a depth in the range 38–51 mm during cardio‐pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).ConclusionsThe design of the manipulator makes it easy to deploy for performing chest compressions at the correct compression rate and depth, as outlined in the 2010 resuscitation guidelines. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of processing conditions on producing a reactive derivative from β‐cyclodextrin with itaconic acid
Authors: Nazi Malihe , Malek Reza Mohammad Ali , Moghadam Mohammad Bameni 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA reactive cyclodextrin was synthesised by reacting β‐cyclodextrin with itaconic acid to enable it to fix permanently onto cellulosic materials. Because synthesis is a complicated process that is greatly influenced by many factors, the response surface methodology was applied in this study to optimise production. To investigate the efficiency of the esterification reaction, the amount of carboxyl groups and the double bond content of the end product were measured and employed as the responses. The 3D response surface plots and the contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to evaluate the interactive effects of parameters affecting the reaction, such as itaconic acid and catalyst concentrations, material to liquor ratio, temperature and time of reaction. The amount of carboxyl groups and the double bond content of cyclodextrin itaconate (about 175 and 150 meq./100 g CDI, respectively) in the optimum conditions indicated that one to two itaconic acid molecules could react with cyclodextrin according to the esterification reaction. In addition, the presence of the new supplementary groups on cyclodextrin could effect on the aggregation behaviour of this new cyclodextrin derivative as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and AFM.
Effect of the thermo‐alkaline treatment over the thermal degradation of corn starch
Authors: Pineda‐Gómez Posidia , Rosales‐Rivera Andres , Rodríguez‐García Mario E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work, thermogravimetric data were used for to study the thermal degradation of corn starch with and without thermo‐alkaline treatment. Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, modified Coats–Redfern, and Kissinger methods were used to determine the activation energy. Corn starch treated with calcium hydroxide exhibited the highest activation energy values during the whole thermal degradation process which could be related to the physical crosslinking process between starch constituents and Ca ions as was confirmed by the infrared analysis. The energy activation was dependent of the conversion, indicating that this degradation is a complex process. DSC at high temperatures, used for starch, corroborated that the degradation in this material is a complex process governed by different chemical reactions. Thermo‐alkaline treatment has a decelerator role in thermal degradation of corn starch.
Catalytic conversion of carbohydrates into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural by Hafnium(IV) chloride in ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Zehui , Liu Bing , Zhao Zongbao K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConversion of carbohydrates into HMF in ionic liquids (ILs) catalyzed by HfCl4 has been investigated in search of an efficient and environment‐friendly process. The structure of ILs, catalyst loading, and reaction temperature had remarkable effects on this new catalytic system. Under optimal conditions, HMF yield up to 77.5% was obtained from fructose in 30 min at 100°C. Moderate yields of HMF were also obtained from aldohexose such as glucose, cellobiose, even cellulose. Furthermore, a possible mechanism for carbohydrates conversion into HMF catalyzed by HfCl4 was proposed according to the configuration of valence shell of Hf. This work provides a meaningful method for the conversion of carbohydrates into fine chemicals.
The inhibition effects of reactive oxygen species by Maillard reaction products in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Chung Soo Yeon , Lee Yong Kwon , Han Sung Hee , Lee Seog Won , Rhee Chul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMaillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared by heating a mixture of rice starch with different dextrose equivalents (DE 10, 30, 50 and 70) and glycine. The glycine was added to the sample pastes at the same molar concentration as the sugar contained in each sample. As the dextrose equivalent of rice starch increased, the browning intensity and fluorescence of the MRPs increased. The antioxidant properties of the MRPs were investigated by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and phenolic content in a chemical system, and were evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species levels and antioxidant enzymes activities in Caco‐2 cells. The darkest MRPs, MRPs‐4, showed the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content among the samples; in addition, it inhibited the cellular oxidative stress. The decrease of cell viability and antioxidant enzymes activities caused by reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were recovered by MRPs‐4. Actually, the addition of the MRPs suppressed apoptosis by decreasing the proportion of cells in the sub‐G1 phase. Therefore, these MRPs, as compounds formed by the Maillard reaction, are considered to possess an effective antioxidant activity against oxidizable substrates.
L‐lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae MBG‐10 using starch‐rich waste loquat kernels as substrate
Authors: Taskin Mesut , Ortucu Serkan , Unver Yagmur , Arslan Nazli Pinar , Algur Omer Faruk , Saghafian Amir 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe objective of this work was to perform production of L‐lactic acid from starch‐rich waste loquat kernels by newly isolated Rhizopus oryzae MBG‐10 fungus. Loquat kernel flour (LKF) was used as substrate (mainly as carbon source). The most favorable conditions for L‐lactic acid production were LKF concentration of 80 g/L, CaCO3 concentration of 20 g/L, ammonium sulfate concentration of 3 g/L and incubation time of 108 h. Under these conditions, L‐lactic acid and biomass concentrations were 45.4 and 8.2 g/L, respectively, and α‐amylase activity was 81.6 U/mL. No significant pH changes were observed in the medium thanks to the buffering capacity of LKF. L‐lactic acid could be produced in a single‐stage from starch‐rich LKF without prior saccharification by the fungus with high amylolytic enzyme activity. This is the first report on use of waste loquat kernels as a lactic acid production substrate.
Studies on the morphological, crystalline, thermal properties of an under utilized starch from yam Dioscoreae zingiberensis C. H. Wright
Authors: Zhou Qiong , Shi Wenjuan , Meng Xiangyan , Liu Ya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhysicochemical properties such as AM content, morphology, gelatinization, crystallography and pasting behavior of an under utilized yam starch from Dioscoreae zingiberensis C.H. Wright were characterized by SEM, particle size analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, DSC, and Brabender viscoamylograph, and compared to commercial potato and maize starches. D. zingiberensis starch had an AM content of 23.62% and exhibited a flattened ovoid shaped granules with majority (87.4%) of them having diameter in the range of 10–50 µm and centering at 21.192 µm. The X‐ray powder diffraction showed A‐type crystalline patterns of D. zingiberensis. Higher values in onset temperature (To, 70.49°C), peak temperature (Tp, 78.53°C) and conclusion temperature (Tc, 85.96°C) of D. zingiberensis. Unlike potato starch, pasting properties of D. zingiberensis starch were somewhat similar to that of maize starch. Pasting onset temperature, maximum, breakdown, and setback viscosity of D. zingiberensis starch were 73.4°C, 309, 46, and 161 BU, respectively. Interestingly, a very stable paste viscosity was observed during high temperature (5 min for D. zingiberensis starch.
The effect of long‐term alkali treatment on the molecular characteristics of native and extruded starches at 35°C
Authors: Praznik Werner , Buksa Krzysztof , Ziobro Rafał , Gambuś Halina , Nowotna Anna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this study the molecular characteristics of native and extruded starches of wheat, corn, and potato were observed under long‐term alkali treatment (0.5 M NaOH, 7 days, 35°C). The molar mass distribution of samples determined by means of calibrated semi‐analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed different profiles (double and single peak distribution) depending on the dissolution status of the starch polysaccharides with simultaneous loss of supermolecular structures because of disintegration of the aggregates. The molecular range was between 4 × 103 and 2 × 106 g/mol and their calculated average molar masses were Mw = 1.7 × 105–4.1 × 105 and Mn = 2.5 × 104–1.1 × 105 g/mol. The reduction value and the value of intrinsic viscosity were additional indicators for the dissolving status of starch polysaccharides as well as for the stability of starch molecules in alkaline solution.
Cassava starch–konjac glucomannan biodegradable blend films: In vitro study as a matrix for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Nair Soumya B. , Jyothi Alummoottil N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCassava starch (ST)–konjac glucomannan (KGM) blend films were prepared, characterized, and their suitability as matrices for the sustained release of a model drug, theophylline (Thp) was investigated. Structural studies showed that there was a good compatibility between ST and KGM and also revealed the existence of strong interaction between Thp and the polymer blend. The thermal stability of the films did not alter on blending of the two polymers. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and swelling capacity of the blend films were higher than that of the neat ST, while lower than that of the neat KGM films. The drug release was related to the pH of the medium and the relative humidity (RH) under which the films were stored. The drug release data fitted well to Higuchi kinetic model and the mechanism corresponds to anomalous transport with non‐Fickian kinetics corresponding to coupled diffusion/polymer relaxation. The rate of drug release was significantly (p<0.05) and positively correlated with the degree of erosion of the blend films. The study showed that the blend film with a composition, ST: 1.5 × 10−3 kg and KGM: 1.5 × 10−3 kg with 20% glycerol as plasticizer stored at a relative humidity in the range 11–53% was appropriate for the sustained release of the less water soluble drug, theophylline.