bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bis(Methylpyridine)‐EDTA Derivative as a Potential Ligand for PET Imaging: Synthesis, Complexation, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Singh Pooja , Aggarwal Swati , Tiwari Anjani K. , Kumar Vikas , Pratap Ramendra , Chuttani Krishna , Mishra Anil K. 
Published: June 2014

A novel transitional metal ligand derivatized from EDTA‐conjugated 2‐amino‐4‐methyl pyridine, an acyclic vehicle (EDTA‐Mepy2) was designed, synthesized, and characterized for PET imaging with 68Ga. The drug likeliness and appropriate lipophilicity were first analyzed by molecular docking studies which shows interactive property of ligand with serum albumin protein (HSA: PDB 1E78), at Lys199, Arg257, and His242 residues, which make it more appropriate in transportation as a specific ligand for PET imaging. As a confirmation, binding constant of the ligand with human serum albumin was calculated at λex = 350 nm which was found to be 4.9 × 103 m−1. The pharmacokinetics of 68Ga‐EDTA‐Mepy2 was analyzed by blood kinetics (t1/2 slow: 3 h 56 min and t1/2 fast: 32 min) and biodistribution (maximum%ID/g was found in kidney at 1 h). Further the capability of this ligand was analyzed as optical marker also, by recording λex = 380 nm, RFU = 8000; 710 nm, RFU = 1000 units at fixed λem = 280 nm. Additionally, in physiological conditions where its stability was calculated, suggests 15–20 times selectivity over the endogenously present metal ions (KGaL/KZnL = 14.3, KGaL/KCuL = 18.1).
Discovery and development of a new semiochemical biopesticide for cotton pest management: assessment of extract effects on the cotton pest Helicoverpa spp.
Authors: Mensah Robert , Moore Christopher , Watts Nick , Deseo Myrna A. , Glennie Peter , Pitt Angela 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Australian cotton production system is dominated by transgenic Bt (Bollgard II®) cotton varieties, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). These provide good control of lepidopteran pests (Helicoverpa spp.; Noctuidae) but are not effective against sucking pests. Recent trends in the frequency of resistance alleles in Helicoverpa spp. indicate the threat of pest resistance. Therefore, new technologies are required to manage the development of resistance and the resurgence of sucking pests. Consequently, the study was aimed to develop a semiochemical product able to deter feeding and oviposition of Helicoverpa spp., as well as cause direct mortality to the pest on transgenic and non‐transgenic crops. Plants including sorghum, sweet corn, pigeon pea, and lucerne (used as refuge crops in cotton), various cotton genotypes (MHR11, Lumein, and Sicala VII), and the native plant Clitoria ternatea L. (Fabaceae) were cultivated within cotton crops and in cages, and assessed for the occurrence of oviposition by Helicoverpa spp. and survival of the pest larvae. The results indicated that pigeon pea, cotton, sorghum, and sweet corn were most preferred for Helicoverpa spp. oviposition and feeding, whereas C. ternatea was least preferred. We used a solid phase extraction technique to obtain six fractions of an extract of C. ternatea, which we assessed for bioactivity against Helicoverpa spp. We found that fractions 2, 3, 4, and 6 had oviposition and feeding deterrence as well as direct toxicity to Helicoverpa spp. Clitoria ternatea fractions 2, 3, 4, and 6 have been developed into a product (Sero‐X®) that is effective against Helicoverpa spp. and sucking pests, and is in an advanced stage of commercialisation.
Environmental and spatial processes: what controls the functional structure of fish assemblages in tropical rivers and headwater streams?
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo A. , Tejerina‐Garro Francisco L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigated functional structure patterns of tropical headwater and river fish assemblages. We hypothesised that environmental conditions are primarily structuring headwater streams leading to functionally clustered assemblages, whereas processes that favour functional overdispersion would guide river assemblages. For 27 headwater streams and 22 rivers, we used eight functional traits for calculating two functional indexes: mean pairwise distance (MPD) and net relatedness index (NRI). We performed linear regressions between indexes and species richness, a multiple regression between NRI and eight environmental variables and a variation partitioning to disentangle the role of environment and space on NRI. Our findings indicate that fish assemblages of headwaters are structured by environmental conditions as most assemblages in this habitat displayed a tendency to clustering and MPD/NRI were not correlated with species diversity, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for river habitat. Four environmental variables (channel depth, water velocity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) explain 56% of functional structure variation. These variables seem to function as selective filters in headwaters, whereas channel depth may be determinant for functional overdispersion of river fish assemblages. Components associated with space are also influencing the functional structure. Limitations of species dispersal through space (between both habitat types) appear as a possible cause to this. In this sense, both environmental conditions and processes linked with space are capable of influencing the functional structure of tropical headwater streams and river fish assemblages.
Ontogenetic variability of maternal effects in an iteroparous fish
Authors: Andree Sara R. , Feiner Zachary S. , Bledsoe Jacob W. , Cragun Aaron M. , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMaternal effects have been observed to interact with genotypic and environmental influences to structure offspring phenotypes across a wide variety of taxa. In fishes, maternal effects may be especially important due to their potential influence on development and survival during early ontogeny – a period with high potential for population regulation. While previous studies have confirmed that maternal effects on offspring phenotype are common in fishes, the consistency with which they positively affect offspring fitness throughout early ontogeny remains largely unknown. We examined maternal effects on offspring fitness by quantifying relationships between maternal (length, mass and age), egg (diameter, mass and density) and larval traits (length, yolk‐sac volume and survival) in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Consistent with several past studies, positive relationships among maternal and egg traits were evident. While egg mass was positively related to larval size at hatching, direct relationships between maternal and larval metrics were not apparent. Larval survival appeared to have two critical periods; in contrast with expectations, survival in the first 5 days posthatch was strongly negatively related to female size and age, while survival over the following 9 days was unrelated to maternal traits. Throughout the study, survival was positively related to yolk‐sac volume. Our unexpected observation of a negative relationship between maternal size and age and initial larval survival indicates that maternal effects may not be consistent throughout larval ontogeny. In fact, maternal effects appear to be dynamic influences on offspring fitness, and may have complex effects on individual‐ and population‐level reproductive success.
Whither Famology? Department Name Trends Across Four Decades
Authors: Hans Jason D. 
Published: June 2014

Inconsistent naming of academic departments has been a cause and symptom of an identity issue that has persisted in the family field for decades. Department name trends were examined across nearly four decades to consider whether the family field is beginning to converge on a common label. Results indicate that the problem persists – 103 different names existed among 217 academic units examined – but that convergence seems to be on two terms: family studies and family science. A survey of 752 faculty members in those academic units found that 78% believed the variation in department names within the family field was somewhat or very problematic. Discussion and implications center on key issues for understanding and addressing the problem.
Understanding historical and current patterns of species richness of babblers along a 5000‐m subtropical elevational gradient
Authors: Wu Yongjie , Colwell Robert K. , Han Naijian , Zhang Ruiying , Wang Wenjuan , Quan Qing , Zhang Chunlan , Song Gang , Qu Yanhua , Lei Fumin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo understand the causes of historical and current elevational richness patterns of Leiothrichinae babblers, a diverse and mostly endemic group of birds.LocationA 5000‐m elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains, China.MethodsBy means of a dated phylogenetic tree and reconstructed ancestral states, we estimated elevation‐specific diversification rate, applied a new method to estimate colonization frequency and age and, for the first time, modelled historical species richness patterns that take account of temporal patterns of palaeotemperature. As explanations for current richness patterns, we assessed area, geometric constraints, temperature, precipitation, seasonality and productivity.ResultsThe current elevational pattern of species richness is a hump‐shaped curve with a peak at about 1000–2500 m. The reconstructed palaeopatterns of species richness suggest that babblers, as a clade, first occupied the Hengduan Mountains at low to mid‐elevations, although the method of ancestral state reconstruction cannot conclusively reject origins outside the current elevational distribution of the group. Diversification rates varied little along the elevational gradient, and thus cannot explain the richness pattern, but historical colonization frequency and colonization age were highly correlated with present‐day species richness. Seasonality and productivity had greater power than area and geometric constraints in explaining the present‐day richness pattern of babblers along the elevational gradient.ConclusionsHistorical and modern factors have both played important roles in shaping species richness patterns. Reconstructed historical richness patterns suggest that babblers first diversified in the Hengduan Mountains at low to mid elevations, but richness patterns almost certainly shifted substantially under changing climates of the past 10 Myr. The current richness patterns of babblers are associated with seasonality and productivity, but they are also a product of historical evolutionary and ecological dynamics. The methods we introduce for assessing historical colonization rates and past patterns of richness offer promise for understanding other elevational richness gradients.
The correlation between endoscopic and histopathological measurements in colorectal polyps
Authors: Levene Yasmin , Hutchinson John M , Tinkler‐Hundal Emma , Quirke Philip , West Nicholas P 
Published: June 2014

AimsColorectal adenomas measuring 10 mm or more are at increased neoplastic risk and therefore undergo more rigorous follow‐up. Currently there is no standardized method of assessing polyp size. We aimed to examine the correlation between endoscopic and histopathological measurements to determine the most appropriate method for clinical use.Methods and resultsColorectal polyps removed between November 2008 and January 2009 were identified. Routine endoscopic and histopathological measurements were determined retrospectively from the reports. Glass slide measurements using a ruler and magnified graticule were performed prospectively on all cases. Fifty cases also underwent high‐resolution digital scanning and tissue morphometry. After exclusions, 352 polyps from 210 patients were identified, including 235 adenomas, 107 hyperplastic polyps and 10 other lesions. Only 89% of adenomas had a documented endoscopic measurement and 22% a histopathological measurement. The median endoscopic measurement was significantly greater, resulting in 13% of patients being misclassified as high or low risk.ConclusionsThere are significant differences between endoscopic and histopathological measurement, and currently histopathologists frequently fail to accurately measure adenomas. Histopathological measurement should still be considered as the gold standard; however, there must be a hierarchy of measurements to take account of the practical limitations of sample fragmentation.
Charting Cognitive and Volumetric Trajectories after Stroke: Protocol for the Cognition and Neocortical Volume after Stroke (CANVAS) Study
Authors: Brodtmann Amy , Werden Emilio , Pardoe Heath , Li Qi , Jackson Graeme , Donnan Geoffrey , Cowie Tiffany , Bradshaw Jennifer , Darby David , Cumming Toby 
Published: June 2014

Rationale Globally, stroke and dementia are leading causes of disability and mortality. More than one third of stroke patients will develop dementia, but mechanisms are unclear. Aims The study aims to establish whether brain volume change is associated with poststroke dementia, and to elucidate potential causal mechanisms, including genetic markers, amyloid deposition and vascular risk factors. An understanding of whether – and in whom – stroke is neurodegenerative is critical for the strategic use of potential disease-modifying therapies. Hypotheses That stroke patients will exhibit greater brain volume loss than comparable cohorts of stroke-free controls; and that those who develop dementia will exhibit greater brain volume loss than those who do not. Design Advanced brain imaging techniques are used to longitudinally measure brain volume and cortical thickness in 135 stroke patients. Concurrent neuropsychological testing will correlate clinical profile with these measures. Primary outcomes Primary imaging end-point is brain volume change between three-months and three-years poststroke; primary clinical outcome is the presence of dementia at three-years. Secondary outcomes We will examine the correlations with the following variables: dementia subtype; physical activity levels; behavioral dysfunction as measured by patient and caregiver-reported scales; structural and functional brain connectivity disruption; apolipoprotein E; and specific neuropsychological test scores. Discussion Magnetic resonance imaging markers of structural brain aging and performance on neuropsychological tests are powerful predictors of dementia. We need to understand the trajectory of regional brain volume change and cognitive decline in patients after stroke. This will allow future risk stratification for prognostic counseling, service planning, and early therapeutic intervention.
Application of Heideggerian phenomenology to mentorship of nursing students
Authors: Wilson Anthea M.E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimTo discuss interpretations of the lived experience of mentoring based on Heidegger's concept of dasein. The focus is on one main theme identified in an in‐depth study of the lived experience of nurses mentoring students in their workplace: a world of hope for the nursing profession.BackgroundThis article focuses on dasein's ‘existence’, which is temporally aligned with having a future. Data relating to this theme are presented and interpreted with respect to the temporal aspect of dasein pertaining to ‘having a future’ and the Heideggerian existentials of existence and verstehen (understanding).DesignThe research design was based on hermeneutic phenomenology, exploring the mentors' ‘being’.MethodsData were gathered during 2008 through hermeneutic interviews, event diaries and participant drawings. Analysis occurred through sustained hermeneutic engagement with the data and application of an interpretive lens provided by Heidegger's care structure.ResultsThree sub‐themes are identified: ‘being a gatekeeper’, ‘sustaining a professional will’, and ‘passing on the special things’.ConclusionsMentors can and need to engage on a deep personal level with their students if they are to intervene appropriately as gatekeepers to the profession.
Functional characterization of the S41Y (C2755A) polymorphism of tryptophan hydroxylase 2
Authors: Carkaci‐Salli Nurgul , Salli Ugur , Tekin Izel , Hengst Jeremy A. , Zhao Moe K. , Gilman T. Lee , Andrews Anne M. , Vrana Kent E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHuman TPH2 (hTPH2) catalyzes the rate‐limiting step in CNS serotonin biosynthesis. We characterized a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (C2755A) in the hTPH2 gene that substitutes tyrosine for serine at position 41 in the regulatory domain of the enzyme. This polymorphism is associated with bipolar disorder and peripartum depression in a Chinese population. Recombinant h TPH2 human proteins were expressed in bacteria and also stably expressed in PC12 cells. Following bacterial expression and purification, the tyrosine for serine substitution at position 41 (S41Y) polymorphic enzyme displayed increased Vmax with unchanged Km values. By contrast, enzyme stability was decreased in vitro from 32 min to 4 min (37°C) for the S41Y enzyme (as compared to the wild‐type enzyme). The S41Y polymorphism decreased cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A‐mediated phosphorylation ~ 50% relative to wild‐type hTPH2, suggesting that the S41Y mutation may disrupt the post‐translational regulation of this enzyme. Transfected PC12 cells expressed hTPH2 mRNA, active protein, and synthesized and released serotonin. Paradoxically, while S41Y‐transfected PC12 cells expressed higher levels of hTPH2 than wild type, they synthesized less serotonin. These findings suggest a modified regulation of the S41Y gene variant leading to altered regulation and reduced neurotransmitter synthesis that may contribute to association of the polymorphism with bipolar disorder and depression.
image
We report the functional implications of a polymorphic human tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 gene associated with depression and bipolar disorder. The polymorphic enzyme (serine‐41 converted to tyrosine) has increased activity, but decreased enzyme stability and serotonin production. Moreover, cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA)‐mediated phosphorylation of the mutant enzyme is decreased suggesting modified regulation of the S41Y variant leading to altered serotonin.
Differentiated Standards and Patent Pools
Authors: Schiff Aaron , Aoki Reiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe consider patent pool formation by owners of essential patents for differentiated standards that may be complements or substitutes in use. Pooling improves coordination in terms of royalty setting within a standard but provokes a strategic response from licensors in the competing standard. We characterise the incentives to form and defect from pools within standards and show how pool formation and stability depend on competition between standards. We also examine strategic patent pool formation by consortium standards and show that policies promoting compatibility of standards may increase or decrease welfare depending on the effects on the incentives to form pools.
In vitro comparison of output fluid temperatures for room temperature and prewarmed fluids
Authors: Soto N. , Towle Millard H. A. , Lee R. A. , Weng H. Y. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if prewarmed intravenous fluids produce superior fluid output temperatures compared with room temperature fluids at common anaesthetic fluid rates for small animal patients.MethodsA prospective, randomised, in vitro fluid line test‐vein study was performed. Nine flow rates were analysed (10, 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, 260 and 300 mL/hour) for room temperature fluids (21°C) and for five prewarmed fluids (40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C).ResultsFor each flow rate tested, room temperature fluids never exceeded 25°C at any time point for each trial (range 18 to 25°C). For each flow rate tested, prewarmed fluids never exceeded 25 · 5°C at any time point for each trial (range 18 to 25 · 5°C). The mean output fluid temperature of prewarmed fluids was significantly warmer than room temperature fluids only at 300 mL/hour for 40°C (P = 0 · 0012), 45°C (P = 0 · 004), 50°C (P = 0 · 0002), 55°C (P = 0 · 0001) and 60°C (P < 0 · 0001).Clinical SignificanceThere was no thermodynamic benefit to utilising prewarmed intravenous fluids (up to 60°C) compared with room temperature intravenous fluids at common anaesthetic fluid rates for small animals.
Stress Symptoms and Frequency of Sexual Intercourse Among Young Women
Authors: Hall Kelli Stidham , Kusunoki Yasamin , Gatny Heather , Barber Jennifer 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Introduction
We have previously documented the relationships between stress and depression symptoms and adolescent women's nonuse and misuse of condoms and other contraceptive methods and on their unintended pregnancy rates.

Aim
Here, we examine relationships between mental health symptoms and another understudied adolescent reproductive health behavior—frequency of sexual intercourse.

Main Outcome Measure
Our outcome was weekly sexual intercourse activity.

Methods
We used panel data from a longitudinal, population-based cohort study of 992 women ages 18–20. Weekly journals measured sociodemographic, relationship, reproductive, and mental health characteristics, sexual and contraceptive behaviors, and pregnancy history. We examined 27,130 surveys from 952 women during the first study year. Predictors of weekly sexual intercourse were moderate to severe stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4) and depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-5) symptoms measured at baseline. Multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression models estimated the relationships between stress and depression symptoms and the weekly odds of sexual intercourse while adjusting for covariate fixed effects and random woman effects.

Results
Nearly a quarter of the sample had moderate to severe stress (23%) and depression (24%) symptoms at baseline. Women reported sexual intercourse in 36% of weeks. Proportions of sexually active weeks were higher among women with stress (43%) and depression (40%) compared with those without symptoms (35% and 35%, respectively; P values &lt; 0.001). Controlling for covariates, women with baseline stress symptoms had 1.6 times higher weekly odds of sexual intercourse compared with women without stress (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, confidence interval [1.1, 2.5]; P = 0.04). Depression symptoms were not associated with sexual intercourse frequency in adjusted models.

Conclusions
Stress symptoms were positively associated with sexual intercourse frequency among these young women. Research and practice efforts are needed to identify effective sexual health promotion and risk-reduction strategies, including contraceptive education and counseling, in the context of mental health symptoms and unintended pregnancy.
Effects of Hydraulic Dredging for Mercenaria mercenaria, Northern Quahog, on Sediment Biogeochemistry
Authors: Meseck Shannon L. , Mercaldo‐Allen Renée , Rose Julie M. , Clark Paul , Kuropat Catherine , Pereira Jose J. , Goldberg Ronald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) experiment was conducted to examine the effects of hydraulic clam dredging on sediment biogeochemistry of a leased shellfish bed of Mercenaria mercenaria, northern quahog, over the course of an entire growing season. Six study plots (0.67 ha each), three dredged and three not dredged, off of Milford, Connecticut, in Long Island Sound, were sampled from May to October 2009 for porewater fluxes of total ammonia, oxygen, and hydrogen. Particulate samples were also analyzed for grain size, total nitrogen, total carbon, total sulfur, and organic carbon. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference between dredged and not dredged sites. Grain size and oxygen flux explained 22% of the variation in the total benthic species assemblages; grain size and either total carbon or organic nitrogen explained 18% of the variation in molluscan abundance. Our study demonstrates that one‐time hydraulic shellfish harvesting had minor effects on the sediment chemistry of a leased clam bed.