bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G20 and Development
Authors: Callaghan Mike , Carmignani Fabrizio , Makin Anthony J , Strube Daniela 
Published: December 2014

In May 2014, Griffith University and the Lowy Institute for International Policy jointly organized the conference ‘G20 and Development’. This conference brought together academics, policymakers, representatives of the civil society and other development stakeholders to discuss the role of the G20 as a development actor. Four key themes were addressed: ( i) the G20 as a global steering committee: performance and challenges, ( ii) the G20 as a development actor: governance, agenda and accountability, ( iii) mainstreaming development in the G20 agenda and ( iv) G20’s contribution in other development policy areas. This article provides an overview of the discussion around these four themes. JEL Classification: F53, F55, O10
Announcement Effect of Dividend in Presence of Dividend Tax: Possible Agency Problem and Macro Level Inefficiency?
Authors: Datta Debabrata , Ganguli Santanu K. , Chaturvedi Manu 
Published: December 2014

This article evaluates the efficiency of existing dividend distribution tax in India from the perspective of investors’ preference pattern, as revealed in the market. It investigates the announcement effect of dividend in India in the presence of dividend distribution tax with specific legislative intent of discouraging dividend distribution. Using data on large profitable firms, we show that despite firm-level tax, higher dividend payout announcement leads to significant rise in share price. This implies that despite being tax-disadvantaged, investors of large profitable firms prefer higher payout, because it mitigates agency cost of retention. This shows that dividend distribution tax is inefficient. JEL Classification: G32, G35
Climate Change: An Emerging Trade Opportunity in South Asia
Authors: Dinda Soumyananda 
Published: December 2014

This article investigates emerging opportunities in climate change mitigation in South Asia through trade. Trade can mitigate the climate change issues of a country, region or the world as a whole. Through international agreement (or pressure), trade also creates the opportunity for green jobs that produce environment-friendly goods (EFG), which have less damaging impact on environment. This article examines possible potential trade opportunity of climate-friendly goods (CFG) in South Asia. Applying the gravity model, this article estimates potential trade of CFG in South Asia. It also measures the trade gap as to how well bilateral trade flow performs relative to the mean value of trade as predicted by the model. Here, ‘potential trade gap’ means the gap between actual trade and the predicted trade value. It suggests that there is a scope to improve the export of CFG with trading partners. This article suggests and also highlights an alternative possibility for a climate-friendly export-led growth model in South Asia. It also identifies the potential trade gap of CFG for each regional member and its partners within region and developed countries such as the European Union (EU) and North America (the USA and Canada). JEL Classifications: Q5, C23, F1
Impact of MYC on malignant behavior
Authors: Ott German 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMYC, a member of the helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family of nuclear transcription factors, is a potent proto-oncogene primarily identified as the target of the t(8;14)(q24;q32) chromosome translocation in Burkitt lymphoma. Activation of the MYC gene in normal cells both results in enhanced cellular proliferation and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic pathways, reflecting the tight regulation of the molecule in the normal cellular system. In the process of transformation, these secondary inhibitory functions of the MYC molecule have to be overcome through secondary mutations of the MYC gene itself and/or by abrogating the inhibitory effects of physiological regulators and/or repressors of proliferation such as BCL2, BCL6, BLIMP1, or others. Most aggressive lymphomas, therefore, harbor additional oncogenic alterations that cooperate with MYC deregulation, with different alterations identified in human solid or hematological tumors. These alterations are likely to counteract the pro-apoptotic function of MYC. MYC gene alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and in B-cell lymphomas, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma are frequently associated with BCL2 or/and BCL6 translocations conferring a very aggressive behavior. This review summarizes inherent factors of the biology and function of MYC important in the process of transformation, especially taking account the interdependence of MYC on various cellular networks that have to be co-deregulated to achieve the full malignant phenotype.
Therapy for myeloproliferative neoplasms: when, which agent, and how?
Authors: Geyer Holly L. , Mesa Ruben A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis (MF) (both primary and secondary), are recognized for their burdensome symptom profiles, life-threatening complications, and risk of progression to acute leukemia. Recent advancements in our ability to diagnose and prognosticate these clonal malignancies have paralleled the development of MPN-targeted therapies that have had a significant impact on disease burden and quality of life. Ruxolitinib has shown success in alleviating the symptomatic burden, reducing splenomegaly and improving quality of life in patients with MF. The role and clinical expectations of JAK2 inhibition continues to expand to a variety of investigational arenas. Clinical trials for patients with MF focus on new JAK inhibitors with potentially less myelosuppression (pacritinib) or even activity for anemia (momelotinib). Further efforts focus on combination trials (including a JAK inhibitor base) or targeting new pathways (ie, telomerase). Similarly, therapy for PV continues to evolve with phase 3 trials investigating optimal frontline therapy (hydroxyurea or IFN) and second-line therapy for hydroxyurea-refractory or intolerant PV with JAK inhibitors. In this chapter, we review the evolving data and role of JAK inhibition (alone or in combination) in the management of patients with MPNs.
Hepatitis C virus-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Vannata Barbara , Zucca Emanuele 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing B-cell lymphomas in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the strength of the association shows great geographic discrepancies, with higher relative risk in countries with high HCV prevalence. It remains unclear whether additional environmental and genetic factors are involved or if the international variability is simply a consequence of the variable infection prevalence. Therefore, a causal relationship remains controversial. Other confounding factors may affect the comparability of the different studies, including the method of HCV assessment, the selection of normal controls, the lymphoma classification used, and the year of publication. The most convincing proof is the observation, mainly limited to some indolent subtypes, of B-cell lymphoma regressions after HCV eradication with IFN and ribavirin. However, the molecular mechanisms of the HCV-induced lymphomagenesis are mainly hypothetical. According to the model considered to be most plausible, lymphoma growth is a consequence of the continuous antigenic stimulation of the B-cell immunologic response induced by the chronic viral infection. This review summarizes the current epidemiological and biological evidence of a role of HCV in lymphomagenesis, describing the putative mechanisms for a causative relationship. The clinical characteristics and management difficulties of the HCV-associated lymphomas are also discussed. HCV treatment with IFN cannot be given safely in concomitance with cytotoxic lymphoma treatment because of hematological and liver toxicity. However, novel and better tolerated antiviral regimens are under development and will hopefully make the treatment of both lymphoma and hepatitis easier in the future.
The role of combination therapy in managing pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Humbert Marc 
Published: December 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex, progressive disease with several pathobiological mechanisms, including the endothelin, nitric oxide and prostacyclin pathways. Current treatments for PAH target one of these pathways and, in more severe cases or instances of disease worsening, may be combined with a view to target multiple pathways in parallel. Treatment combination is performed sequentially (as an intensification from initial monotherapy) or upfront (use of two or more therapies in treatment-naïve patients). Whilst combination therapy has been historically considered to be an option for the treatment of PAH, supporting evidence was typically limited to expert opinion, clinical experience and registry data.Data from randomised controlled trials on sequential combination therapy in particular has grown in recent years, resulting in a change in the level of recommendations in the latest update to the PAH treatment algorithm. However, short-term trials have shown inconsistent results, and have not been powered to assess morbidity/mortality outcomes. More recent data from long-term trials suggest a potential clinical benefit associated with sequential combination therapy.In this review we will introduce the concept of combination therapy, consider the latest evidence for both sequential and upfront combination therapy, and discuss additional considerations when initiating combination therapy in clinical practice.
The challenges in paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Beghetti Maurice , Berger Rolf M.F. 
Published: December 2014

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease affecting both adults and children. While overall survival has improved in recent years, the need for improved therapeutic approaches remains. Treatments for paediatric PAH have not yet been sufficiently examined, particularly regarding potential toxicities and optimal dosing, and there is a lack of appropriate clinical trial end-points and validated treatment goals that might enable a goal-oriented therapeutic approach. Adult randomised controlled trials in PAH are demonstrating a shift towards more long-term designs, focusing on mortality and morbidity end-points rather than changes in 6-min walking distance. However, such trial designs may not be feasible within the paediatric setting due to challenges such as sufficient recruitment and retention of paediatric patients. Consideration should, therefore, be given towards identifying optimal end-points for the paediatric population, allowing sufficient duration to evaluate efficacy and safety of potential treatments.Herein we consider some of the complexities involved in the management of paediatric PAH, specifically presenting diagnostic challenges as well as reflecting on the lack of evidence currently available to support various therapeutic approaches within the paediatric population.
The problems and limitations of cohort studies
Authors: Lenney Warren , Gilchrist Francis J. , Kouzouna Aphrodite , Pandyan Anand D. , Ball Val 
Published: December 2014

SummaryChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of mortality worldwide and it is important to discover whether risk factors can be identified from studies undertaken in childhood.Numerous longitudinal cohort studies have been developed in many parts of the world to better understand the long-term outcomes of chronic respiratory diseases. Using data they have generated, it should be possible to identify specific risk factors in children and develop a model to prioritise their importance when found, in order to consider ways to reduce the prevalence and/or severity of disease in adults. However, this does require the sharing of data within the field, as is happening in other related fields, such as the Virtual International Stroke Trial Archive (www.vista.gla.ac.uk). Pooling of the raw data could be very informative and an organisation such as the European Respiratory Society could play an important role in ensuring this happens.Unfortunately, cohort studies vary widely in their inclusion criteria, their methodology and the format in which lung function data are presented. The raw data required to develop a model to assess the impact of childhood risk factors on future lung function have not been made available from many of the published articles.Our initial belief that recognised risk factors are independent variables was naïve and a different approach is required to better understand their interdependence.
Impact of evaluative criteria on satisfaction and dissatisfaction: identifying the role of knitwear involvement
Authors: Jeong So Won , Lee Kyu-Hye 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis research explores an impact of evaluative criteria on consumer responses to knitwear products (satisfaction and dissatisfaction). Two conceptual frameworks are developed to identify the role of knitwear involvement as an antecedent of evaluative criteria and as a moderator between evaluative criteria and consumer responses. The survey was administered with a total of 382 Korean consumers. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results confirmed the significant effects of knitwear involvement as an antecedent as well as a moderator on evaluative criteria, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction. Differential influences of evaluative criteria on satisfaction and dissatisfaction are shown. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Regression model to predict thread consumption incorporating thread-tension constraint: study on lock-stitch 301 and chain-stitch 401
Authors: Abeysooriya Ranga Prasad , Wickramasinghe Ganemulle Lekamalage Dharmasri 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrediction of sewing thread consumption requires an accurate method of calculation since it relates to the cost of manufacturing and distribution of apparel products. Previous researchers highlighted problems in existing thread consumption calculation methods; i.e. limitations in existing formulae which cause inaccurate predictions of thread amount needed for sewing operations. The existing methods of consumption calculations exhibit significant error percentages due to the ignorance of important parameters which affect on thread consumption. This paper investigates on correlation of thread tension to thread consumption of lock-stitch 301 and chain-stitch 401. The existing thread consumption formulae are optimized by considering a new parameter; thread tension, using regression analysis and geometrical modeling techniques. For the chain-stitch 401, results indicate that the thread tension significantly affects in determination of the thread consumption. The error analysis of proposed formulae was performed to indicate that the proposed formulae more accurate compared to the available methods of predicting sewing thread consumption. In addition, there are combined effects of thread tensions together with parameters such as fabric thickness and stitch density which determines accurate consumption values considering the properties of the stitch. In comparison, inclusion of the proposed thread tension variable depicts reduction in error percentages, so that the proposed formulae are expected to be a better approach to calculate thread consumption of lock-stitch 301 and chain-stitch 401.
Extraction of Indigo dye from Couroupita guianensisand its application on cotton fabric
Authors: Tayade Priti B , Adivarekar Ravindra V 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCouroupita guianensis (Cannon ball tree) flowers and fruits are known to contain indigotin and indirubin. In this study an attempt is made to optimize the period for effective extraction of indigo from Couroupita guianensis fruit and application of the crude extract on the cotton fabric. Fermentation of the Couroupita guianensis fruit pulp for 5 days gave intense bluer pigment and hence was selected as the optimum period for fermentation. Major colouring components from Couroupita guianensis fruit extract were separated by thin layer chromatography using single solvent system, chloroform; which gives three pigments, violet, blue and pink with the Rf values of 0.88, 0.57, and 0.25 respectively. The Rf values, the wavelength of maximum absorption from UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum of blue pigment matched with that of synthetic indigo standard and that of the pink pigment matched with reported values of indirubin which is an isomer of indigotin. The % purity of indigo dye was found to be 26.46%. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with the crude dye powder which gave comparable fastness properties vis-a-vis synthetic indigo.
Breast cancer screening in women with mental illness: comparative meta-analysis of mammography uptake
Authors: Mitchell Alex J. , Pereira Isabel Espirito Santo , Yadegarfar Motahare , Pepereke Shingai , Mugadza Vongai , Stubbs Brendon 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundThere is a higher mortality rate due to cancer in people with mental illness and previous work suggests suboptimal medical care in this population. It remains unclear if this extends to breast cancer population screening.AimsTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish if women with a mental health condition are less likely to receive mammography screening compared with those without mental ill health.MethodMajor electronic databases were searched from inception until February 2014. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with a random effects meta-analysis comparing mammography screening rates among women with and without a mental illness. Results were stratified according to primary diagnosis including any mental illness, mood disorders, depression, severe mental illness (SMI), distress and anxiety.ResultsWe identified 24 publications reporting breast cancer screening practices in women with mental illness (n = 715 705). An additional 5 studies investigating screening for those with distress (n = 21 491) but no diagnosis of mental disorder were identified. The pooled meta-analysis showed significantly reduced rates of mammography screening in women with mental illness (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.66–0.77), mood disorders (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.90) and particularly SMI (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.45–0.65). No disparity was evident among women with distress alone.ConclusionsRates of mammography screening are lower in women with mental illness, particularly women with SMI, and this is not explained by the presence of emotional distress. Disparities in medical care due to mental illness clearly extend into preventive population screening.
Patient engagement and problematic behaviours in nurse-staffed residential rehabilitation units
Authors: Meaden Alan , Commander Martin , Cowan Colin , Edwards Tom 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodTo build on previous research findings by examining engagement and problematic behaviours of patients in 10 residential rehabilitation units. Two measures were completed on patients in community rehabilitation, longer-term complex care and high-dependency units (109 patients in total). Data were analysed and categorised into higher-engagement ratings across the domains of engagement and behaviour over the past 6 months and lifetime in terms of presence of the behaviour and likelihood of resulting harm.ResultsData were available for 73% of patients. All aspects of engagement were consistently low for all units, with highest levels in community rehabilitation units. Levels of problematic behaviours were similar across all units. Socially inappropriate behaviours and failure to complete everyday activities were evident for over half of all patients and higher for lifetime prevalence. Verbal aggression was at significantly lower levels in community units. Lifetime behaviours likely to lead to harm were much more evident in high-dependency units.Clinical implicationsDespite some benefits of this type of care, patients continue to present challenges in engagement and problematic behaviours that require new approaches and a change in focus.
Systematic computerised cardiovascular health screening for people with severe mental illness
Authors: Yeomans David , Dale Kate , Beedle Kate 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) die relatively young, with mortality rates four times higher than average, mainly from natural causes, including heart disease. We developed a computer-based physical health screening template for use with primary care information systems and evaluated its introduction across a whole city against standards recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for physical health and cardiovascular risk screening.ResultsA significant proportion of SMI patients were excluded from the SMI register and only a third of people on the register had an annual physical health check recorded. The screening template was taken up by 75% of GP practices and was associated with better quality screening than usual care, doubling the rate of cardiovascular risk recording and the early detection of high cardiovascular risk.Clinical implicationsA computerised annual physical health screening template can be introduced to clinical information systems to improve quality of care.
Problems of Systematization of Migration Legislation
Authors: Andrichyenko Lyudmila 
Published: December 2014

In Russia, an extensive array of legal acts involved in the regulation of migratory relationship that gives rise to the recognition of migration law as an independent branch of the Russian legislation. However, the existing problems caused by duplication of the legal regulation of migration relations with the various regulations, a lack of balance in the provision of legal regulation of certain areas of migration relations, as well as the presence of gaps and conflicts in their legal regulation lead to disturbances in the system approach to the development of migration legislation. This requires a qualitatively new approaches to the development of migration legislation, based on the use of the codification of ways of constructing it.