bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient subsolid nodules in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies: their frequency and differential features
Authors: Choi Won Seok , Park Chang Min , Song Yong Sub , Lee Sang Min , Wi Jae Yeon , Goo Jin Mo 
Published: March 2014

Background For pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies, it is still unclear what proportion of SSNs is transient and how we can more accurately diagnose these transient SSNs. Purpose To investigate the frequency of transient SSNs and their differentiating clinical and thin-section computed tomography (CT) features in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies. Material and Methods From January 2005 to February 2012, 78 SSNs in 63 individuals (30 men and 33 women; mean age, 55.1 years ± 15.5) with extrapulmonary malignancies were identified. Their clinical and thin-section CT characteristics were reviewed and compared between transient and persistent SSNs. Differentiating factors and their performance were also measured. Results Thirty-six of the 78 SSNs (46.2%) were transient. Between transient and persistent SSNs, there were significant differences in patients’ age, sex, detection mode, and the presence of eosinophilia, lesion multiplicity, lesion margin, and pleural retraction ( P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that follow-up detected SSNs (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 38.88), multiple lesions (OR, 7.64), and an ill-defined nodular margin (OR, 11.93) were significant discriminators of transient SSNs ( P < 0.05). Discrimination of transient SSNs was significantly better upon incorporating both clinical and thin-section CT features than using clinical features alone ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Approximately half of the SSNs detected in patients with extrapulmonary malignancies were transient. Transient SSNs in these patients can be very accurately differentiated using their thin-section CT and clinical features.
Perception and Attitudes
Authors: Mulready-Ward Candace , Hackett Martine 
Published: March 2014

Background: In the United States, 76.9% of women initiate breastfeeding but only 36.0% breastfeed exclusively for 3 months. Lack of support for public breastfeeding may prevent women from breastfeeding in public, which could contribute to low rates of breastfeeding exclusivity and continuation, despite high rates of breastfeeding initiation. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether residents of New York City, New York, were supportive of and comfortable with public breastfeeding. Methods: A population-based public opinion telephone survey of non-institutionalized New York City residents 18 years and older was conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Results: Overall, 50.4% of respondents were not supportive of public breastfeeding. In the multivariable analysis, there was significant variation in support by race/ethnicity, age, and education. There were no significant differences in support by sex, receipt of food stamps, nativity, or the presence of children younger than 12 years in the home. One-third (33.2%) of respondents were uncomfortable with women breastfeeding near them in public. There was significant variation by education in the multivariable analysis. Lack of comfort was highest among those with a high school education or less (39.9%) and some college (33.8%). Conclusion: New York City residents are conflicted about whether breastfeeding is a private act or one that can be done in public. For women who want to continue with their intention to breastfeed exclusively, the negative opinion of other residents may cause them to breastfeed only in private, thereby limiting the opportunity to breastfeed for the recommended time.
Correlation between FDG/PET, histology, characteristics, and survival in 332 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia
Authors: Falchi Lorenzo , Keating Michael J. , Marom Edith M. , Truong Mylene T. , Schlette Ellen J. , Sargent Rachel L. , Trinh Long , Wang Xuemei , Smith Susan C. , Jain Nitin , Estrov Zeev , O’Brien Susan , Wierda William G. , Lerner Susan , Ferrajoli Alessandra 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsHistologically aggressive CLL differs from histologically indolent CLL. Patients with different CLL phases but similar SUVmax have similar outcomes. FDG/PET is a useful diagnostic tool for patients with CLL and suspected transformation.
Therapeutic effects of lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting of cyclin D1 in human gastric cancer
Authors: Seo Jin-Hee , Jeong Eui-Suk , Choi Yang-Kyu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in males and the fourth in females. Traditional treatment has poor prognosis because of recurrence and systemic side effects. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies is an important issue. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA stably inhibits target genes and can efficiently transduce most cells. Since overexpressed cyclin D1 is closely related to human gastric cancer progression, inhibition of cyclin D1 using specific targeting could be an effective treatment method of human gastric cancer.

Methods
The therapeutic effect of lentivirus-mediated shRNA targeting of cyclin D1 (ShCCND1) was analyzed both in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results

In vitro, NCI-N87 cells with downregulation of cyclin D1 by ShCCND1 showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation, cell motility, and clonogenicity. Downregulation of cyclin D1 in NCI-N87 cells also resulted in significantly increased G1 arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, stable NCI-N87 cells expressing ShCCND1 were engrafted into nude mice. Then, the cancer-growth inhibition effect of lentivirus was confirmed. To assess lentivirus including ShCCND1 as a therapeutic agent, intratumoral injection was conducted. Tumor growth of the lentivirus-treated group was significantly inhibited compared to growth of the control group. These results are in accordance with the in vitro data and lend support to the mitotic figure count and apoptosis analysis of the tumor mass.

Conclusion
The lentivirus-mediated ShCCND1 was constructed, which effectively inhibited growth of NCI-N87-derived cancer both in vitro and in vivo. The efficiency of shRNA knockdown and variation in the degree of inhibition is mediated by different shRNA sequences and cancer cell lines. These experimental results suggest the possibility of developing new gastric cancer therapies using lentivirus-mediated shRNA.
Stainless steel versus titanium volar multi-axial locking plates for fixation of distal radius fractures: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Couzens Gregory B , Peters Susan E , Cutbush Kenneth , Hope Benjamin , Taylor Fraser , James Christopher D , Rankin Carly R , Ross Mark 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures seen in the hospital emergency department. Of these, over 40% are considered unstable and require some form of fixation. In recent years with the advent of low profile plating, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using volar plates has become the surgical treatment of choice in many hospitals. However, it is currently unknown which plating system has the lowest complication rate and/or superior clinical and radiological outcomes following surgery. Few studies have compared different types of plates, which may have various features, different plate and screw designs or may be manufactured from different materials (for example, stainless steel or titanium). This study will specifically investigate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes and complication rates of two commonly used volar plating systems for fixation of distal radius fractures: one made from stainless steel (Trimed™ Volar Plate, Trimed™, California, USA) and the other made from titanium (Medartis® Aptus Volar Plate, Medartis®, Basel, Switzerland). The primary aim of this study is to determine if there is a difference on the Patient Reported Wrist Evaluation six months following ORIF using a volar plate for adult patients with a distal radius fracture.

Methods/Design
This study will implement a randomized prospective clinical trial study design evaluating the outcomes of two different types of volar plates: one plate manufactured from stainless steel (Trimed™ Volar Plate) and one plate manufactured from titanium (Medartis® Aptus Volar Plate). The surgery will be performed at a major trauma hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Outcome measures including function, adverse events, range of movement, strength, disability, radiological findings and health-related quality of life will be collected at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months following surgery. A parallel economic analysis will also be performed. This randomized clinical trial is due to deliver results in December 2016.

Discussion
Results from this trial will contribute to the evidence on operative management of distal radius fractures and plate material type.

Trial registration

ACTRN12612000969864
Abundant expression and functional participation of TRPV1 at Zusanli acupoint (ST36) in mice: mechanosensitive TRPV1 as an “acupuncture-responding channel”
Authors: Wu Shu-Yih , Chen Wei-Hsin , Hsieh Ching-Liang , Lin Yi-Wen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Acupuncture is a therapy that involves applying mechanical stimulation to acupoints using needles. Although acupuncture is believed to trigger neural regulation by opioids or adenosine, still little is known about how physical stimulation is turned into neurological signaling. The transient receptor potential vanilloid receptors 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) and the acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) are regarded as mechanosensitive channels. This study aimed to clarify their role at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36) and propose possible sensing pathways linking channel activation to neurological signaling.

Methods
First, tissues from different anatomical layers of ST36 and the sham point were sampled, and channel expressions between the two points were compared using western blotting. Second, immunofluorescence was performed at ST36 to reveal distribution pattern of the channels. Third, agonist of the channels were injected into ST36 and tested in a mouse inflammatory pain model to seek if agonist injection could replicate acupuncture-like analgesic effect. Last, the components of proposed downstream sensing pathway were tested with western blotting to determine if they were expressed in tissues with positive mechanosensitive channel expression.

Results
The results from western blotting demonstrated an abundance of TRPV1, TRPV4, and ASIC3 in anatomical layers of ST36. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed these channels were expressed in both neural and non-neural cells at ST36. However, only capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture when injected into ST36. Components of calcium wave propagation (CWP, the proposed downstream sensing pathway) were also expressed in tissues with abundant TRPV1 expression, the muscle and epimysium layers.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated mechanosensitive channel TRPV1 is highly expressed at ST36 and possibly participated in acupuncture related analgesia. Since CWP was reported by other to occur during acupuncture and its components were shown here to express in tissues with positive TRPV1 expression. These findings suggest TRPV1 might act as acupuncture-responding channel by sensing physical stimulation from acupuncture and conducting the signaling via CWP to nerve terminals. This study provided a better understanding between physical stimulation from acupuncture to neurological signaling.
Unmodified starch as water-soluble binding polymer for chromium ions removal via polymer enhanced ultrafiltration system
Authors: Baharuddin Nurul Huda , Nik Sulaiman Nik Meriam , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
In this study the removal of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) ions are investigated via polymer enhanced ultrafiltration under important process parameters. This study proposes the use of unmodified starch as a novel polymer in the ultrafiltration process and its performance on the removal of chromium ions was compared with a commonly used polymer, polyethylene glycol.

Methods
The experiments were carried out at 1.5 bar and different pH values by using 10 kDa hollow fiber membrane operating in a cross-flow mode.

Results
The best chromium ions removal obtained approached 99% for Chromium (III) ion by unmodified starch at alkaline pH region and at pH 7 for Chromium (VI) ions retention by polyethylene glycol. Permeate flux behavior are fluctuated for both chromium ions tested at high metal ion concentrations. Low concentration of unmodified starch is applied to reduce gelatinization behavior.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that binding of chromium ions by unmodified starch is related to granule structure which is probably a principal indicator of the non-ionic behavior of unmodified starch.
Improving the Care of Children With Advanced Cancer by Using an Electronic Patient-Reported Feedback Intervention: Results From the PediQUEST Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wolfe Joanne , Orellana Liliana , Cook E. Francis , Ullrich Christina , Kang Tammy , Geyer Jeffrey Russell , Feudtner Chris , Weeks Jane C. , Dussel Veronica 
Published: March 2014

Purpose This study aimed to determine whether feeding back patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to providers and families of children with advanced cancer improves symptom distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients and Methods This study was a parallel, multicentered pilot randomized controlled trial. At most once per week, children age ≥ 2 years old with advanced cancer or their parent completed the computer-based Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology (PediQUEST) survey consisting of age- and respondent-adapted versions of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL4.0), and an overall Sickness question. In the intervention group (n = 51), oncologists and families received printed reports summarizing PROs; e-mails were sent to oncologists and subspecialists when predetermined scores were exceeded. No feedback was provided in the control group (n = 53). Primary outcomes included linear trends of MSAS, PedsQL4.0 total and subscale scores, and Sickness scores during 20 weeks of follow-up, along with child, parent, and provider satisfaction with PediQUEST feedback. Results Feedback did not significantly affect average MSAS, PedsQL4.0, or Sickness score trends. Post hoc subgroup analyses among children age ≥ 8 years who survived 20 weeks showed that feedback improved PedsQL4.0 emotional (+8.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 14.4) and Sickness (−8.2; 95% CI, −14.2 to −2.2) scores. PediQUEST reports were valued by children, parents, and providers and contributed at least sometimes to physician initiation of a psychosocial consult (56%). Conclusion Although routine feedback of PROs did not significantly affect the child's symptoms or HRQoL, changes were in expected directions and improvements observed in emotional HRQoL through exploratory analyses were encouraging. Importantly, children, parents, and providers value PRO feedback.
Satisfaction With Work-Life Balance and the Career and Retirement Plans of US Oncologists
Authors: Shanafelt Tait D. , Raymond Marilyn , Kosty Michael , Satele Daniel , Horn Leora , Pippen John , Chu Quyen , Chew Helen , Clark William Benton , Hanley Amy E. , Sloan Jeff , Gradishar William J. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose To evaluate satisfaction with work-life balance (WLB) and career plans of US oncologists. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology conducted a survey of US oncologists evaluating satisfaction with WLB and career plans between October 2012 and March 2013. The sample included equal numbers of men and women from all career stages. Results Of 2,998 oncologists contacted, 1,490 (49.7%) returned surveys. From 1,117 oncologists (37.3% of overall sample) completing full-length surveys, we evaluated satisfaction with WLB and career plans among the 1,058 who were not yet retired. The proportion of oncologists satisfied with WLB (n = 345; 33.4%) ranked lower than that reported for all other medical specialties in a recent national study. Regarding career plans, 270 oncologists (26.5%) reported a moderate or higher likelihood of reducing their clinical work hours in the next 12 months, 351 (34.3%) indicated a moderate or higher likelihood of leaving their current position within 24 months, and 273 (28.5%) planned to retire before 65 years of age. Multivariable analyses found women oncologists (odds ratio [OR], 0.458; P < .001) and those who devoted greater time to patient care (OR for each additional hour, 0.977; P < .001) were less likely to be satisfied with WLB. Satisfaction with WLB and burnout were the strongest predictors of intent to reduce clinical work hours and leave current position on multivariable analysis. Conclusion Satisfaction with WLB among US oncologists seems lower than for other medical specialties. Dissatisfaction with WLB shows a strong relationship with plans to reduce hours and leave current practice. Given the pending US oncologist shortage, additional studies exploring interactions among WLB, burnout, and career satisfaction and their impact on career and retirement plans are warranted.
Alternative Voice and Local Youth Identity in Chinese Local-Language Rap Music
Authors: Liu Jin 
Published: March 2014

This essay sets out to examine the emerging trend of Chinese rap songs that are rendered in nonstandard local languages or dialects in mainland China in the age of the Internet. It first disputes the common criticism, based on limited data, of Chinese rap as lacking social and political commentary. Through a close reading of rich local-language rap song texts combined with fieldwork interviews, this essay argues that unlike the standard Mandarin-dominated, mainstream popular love songs, local-language rap songs are characterized by strong social messages, which thus enable Chinese youth to construct an alternative subcultural space outside that defined by adult culture and hierarchical institutions. These rap songs employ “vulgar” local language, which is identified as a noninstitutional language that has long been excluded from formal education, to assert an oppositional, counterhegemonic voice against the Chinese education system, high official culture, and mainstream discourse.
Furthermore, rendered in regional languages, these rap songs are infused with distinctive local knowledge and the sensibilities of a specific place. The songs articulate a distinct musicalized, collective local identity for urban youth, by mobilizing the generic convention of hip-hop in representing one's hood. In most studies of globalization and localization, the local appears to be interchangeable with the national. Yet this study presses the issue of localization further, examining local communities that are contained within the nation-state. From this perspective, the function of the nation-state seems more and more identified with globalization and its concomitant homogenization and centralization. In recent years, these rap songs celebrating locality have joined in a larger movement that promotes the use of local languages in local media to assert the identities of local communities, which have been insufficiently represented in a single Standard Mandarin.
Finally, on one hand, this essay recognizes a dialectical relationship between the global and the local, which do not necessarily pose as cultural polarities but are interpenetrating, interacting, and mutually signifying. However, on the other hand, although local-language rap songs assert the value of pluralism and diversity and defy the characterization of China as a unified, homogenous nation-state, this essay problematizes the local identities constructed through copying and imitation. The eager desire to compete with each other in asserting a local identity might belie a rising anxiety of placelessness in this dramatically globalized world. Therefore, these constructed local identities within nation-state may turn out to be what Stuart Hall calls that more “tricky version of ‘the local’ which operates within, and has been thoroughly reshaped by, ‘the global’ and operates largely within its logic.”
p53 Expression Is a Strong Marker of Inferior Survival in De Novo Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and May Have Enhanced Negative Effect With MYC Coexpression
Authors: Xie Yi , Bulbul Mohmad Ajaz , Ji Lingyun , Inouye Casey M. , Groshen Susan G. , Tulpule Anil , O’Malley Dennis P. , Wang Endi , Siddiqi Imran N. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine interactions among clinical factors and pathologic biomarkers in predicting the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy.

Methods:
In 85 patients treated at a single institution, clinicopathologic variables were analyzed, including the International Prognostic Index (IPI); germinal/nongerminal center phenotype; MYC, p53, BCL2, Ki-67, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expression; and MYC translocation status.

Results:
In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was worse for patients with high IPI scores, nongerminal center phenotype, high MYC and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry, and EBV positivity. In multivariable analysis, p53 expression was the strongest prognostic factor (P &lt; .05) independent of IPI and cell of origin. A significant positive association between p53 and MYC expression was found. Moreover, coexpression of p53/MYC had an enhanced negative effect on OS independent of BCL2 expression.

Conclusions:
Immunohistochemical assessment of p53, particularly in combination with MYC, could be useful in identifying a high-risk subgroup of DLBCL.
Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Schmadeka Robert , Harmon Bryan E. , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives:
Triple-negative breast cancer is regarded as an aggressive disease that affects a young patient population and for which effective targeted therapy is not yet available.

Methods:
Intense efforts have been made to gain a better understanding of this heterogeneous group of tumors from the histologic to the genomic and molecular levels.

Results:
Progress has been made, including the ability to subtype these tumors and the discovery of biomarkers toward which current therapeutic efforts are focused. Many novel targets under exploration have the potential to affect the clinical course of this disease.

Conclusions:
This article reviews the current concepts regarding the clinicopathologic features of triple-negative breast carcinoma, its histologic subtypes, molecular classification, the prognostic and therapeutic potential of biomarkers, and emerging targeted therapies.