bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas in the UK: Current Situation and Future Scenarios
Authors: Cooper Jasmin , Stamford Laurence , Azapagic Adisa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper presents life cycle environmental impacts of UK shale gas used for electricity generation, in comparison with other fossil, nuclear and renewable options. Per kWh of electricity generated, shale gas has higher environmental impacts than the other options, except for coal. Thus, if it were to replace coal, most impacts would be reduced, including the global warming potential (GWP; by 2.3 times). However, if it were to compete with nuclear or some renewables most impacts would rise, with the GWP increasing by 5–123 times. Within a future UK electricity mix up to 2030, shale gas would make little difference to the environmental impacts of electricity generation, including the GWP, even for the most optimistic assumptions for its domestic production. This suggests that, in the medium term, shale gas cannot help towards meeting UK climate change targets and that certain renewables and nuclear power should be prioritized instead.
Dissolved trace metal speciation in estuarine and coastal waters: Comparison of WHAM/Model VII predictions with analytical results
Authors: Stockdale Anthony , Tipping Edward , Lofts Stephen 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

The authors apply the chemical speciation model WHAM/Model VII to investigate the distribution of metal species of Fe(III) and the divalent cations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb, in the water column of estuaries and coastal areas. The authors compare, for the same locations, measured and modeled free ion and organically bound metal concentrations. The modeled free ion calculations show varying levels of agreement with experimental measurements. Where only natural organic matter is considered as the organic ligand, for Ni, Cd, and Pb, agreement within 1 order of magnitude is found in 122 of 128 comparisons. For Fe and Zn comparisons 12 of 34 (Fe) and 10 of 18 (Zn) agree to within 1 order of magnitude, the remaining modeled values being over 1 order of magnitude higher than measurements. Copper measurements agree within 1 order of magnitude of modeled values in 314 of 533 (59%) cases and are more than 1 order of magnitude lower than modeled values in 202 cases. There is a general tendency for agreement between modeled and measured values to improve with increasing total metal concentrations. There are substantial variations among different analysis techniques but no systematic bias from the model is observed across techniques. It would be beneficial to cross-validate the different analytical methods, in combination with further modeling. The authors also assessed the effect of including an anthropogenic organic ligand (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)) in the modeling, given its known presence in some coastal environments. Except for Cd, all metals were sensitive to the presence of EDTA, even at a low concentration of 50 nM. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:53–63. © 2014 SETAC. The copyright statement for this article was changed in September 2016, after its original publication.
White matter abnormalities associated with military PTSD in the context of blast TBI
Authors: Davenport Nicholas D. , Lim Kelvin O. , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among recent military veterans and involve substantial symptom overlap, making clinical distinction and effective intervention difficult. Emerging evidence of cerebral white matter abnormalities associated with mTBI may provide a biological measure to inform diagnosis and treatment, but the potentially confounding effects between PTSD and mTBI have largely gone unexamined. We collected diffusion imaging data from 133 recently‐deployed American service members who developed PTSD and/or sustained mTBI, or had neither condition. Effects of PTSD and mTBI on traditional tensor‐based measures of cerebral white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) were compared in anatomical regions of interest and individual voxels throughout the brain. Generalized FA (GFA), which allows for multiple fiber orientations per voxel, was also included to improve sensitivity in white matter areas containing crossing or diverging axon bundles. PTSD was consistently associated with high GFA in select brain regions, greater likelihood of regions and voxels with abnormally low MD, and a greater number of voxels with abnormally high FA, while mTBI was associated with fewer high MD regions. Overall, PTSD was associated with more restricted diffusion (low MD) and greater anisotropy (high GFA) in regions of crossing/diverging fibers poorly characterized by a single tensor (FA), suggesting that interstitial fibers may be involved. Contrary to earlier results in a sample without PTSD, mTBI was not associated with anisotropy abnormalities, perhaps indicating the cooccurrence of PTSD and mTBI requires special consideration with regard to structural brain connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1053–1064, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of polyHEMA grids by micromolding in capillaries for cell patterning and single‐cell arrays
Authors: Ye Fang , Ma Binghe , Gao Jie , Xie Li , Wei Chen , Jiang Jin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractControl of cell adhesion and growth by microfabrication technology and surface chemistry is important in an increasing number of applications in biotechnology and medicine. In this study, we developed a method to fabricate (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA) grids on glass by micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC). As a non‐fouling biomaterial, polyHEMA was used to inhibit the nonspecific bonding of cells, whereas the glass surface provided a cell adhesive background. The polyHEMA chemical barrier was directly obtained using MIMIC without surface modification, and the microchannel networks used for capillarity were easily achieved by reversibly bonding the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)mold and the glass. After fabrication of the polyHEMA micropattern, individual cytophilic microwells surrounded by cytophobic sidewalls were presented on the glass surface. The polyHEMA micropattern proved effective in controlling the shape and spreading of cells, and square‐shaped mouse osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells were obtained in microwell arrays after incubation for 3 days. Moreover, the widths of the microwells in this micropattern were optimized for use as single‐cell arrays. The proposed method could be a convenient tool in the field of drug screening, stem cell research, and tissue engineering. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1375–1380, 2015.
Tetracycline tethered to titanium inhibits colonization by Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Davidson Helen , Poon Martin , Saunders Ray , Shapiro Irving M. , Hickok Noreen J. , Adams Christopher S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs peri‐prosthetic infection is one of the most devastating complications associated with implant placement, we have reasoned that such infection can be largely subverted by development of antibacterial implants. Our previous work demonstrated that covalent coupling of vancomycin to titanium alloy prevented colonization by the Gram‐positive pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Some orthopedic devices, including permanent prosthesis anchors, and most dental implants are transcutaneous or transmucosal and can be prone to colonization by Gram‐negative pathogens. We report here the successful covalent coupling of the broad‐spectrum antibiotic, tetracycline (TET), to titanium surfaces (Ti‐TET) to retard Gram‐negative colonization. Synthetic progress was followed by changes in water contact angle, while the presence of TET was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Ti‐TET actively prevented colonization in the presence of bathing Escherichia coli, both by fluorescence microscopy and direct counting. Finally, the Ti‐TET surface supported osteoblastic cell adhesion and proliferation over a 72‐h period. Thus, this new surface offers a powerful means to protect transcutaneous implants from adhesion of Gram‐negative pathogens, decreasing the need for replacement of this hardware. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1381–1389, 2015.
Minimum Vertex Degree Threshold for ‐tiling*
Authors: Han Jie , Zhao Yi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe prove that the vertex degree threshold for tiling (the 3‐uniform hypergraph with four vertices and two triples) in a 3‐uniform hypergraph on vertices is , where if and otherwise. This result is best possible, and is one of the first results on vertex degree conditions for hypergraph tiling.
On Sheehan's Conjecture for Graphs with Symmetry
Authors: Šajna Mateja , Wagner Andrew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSheehan's Conjecture states that every hamiltonian 4‐regular graph possesses a second Hamilton cycle. In this article, we verify Sheehan's Conjecture for 4‐regular graphs of order n whose automorphism group has size at least if either for all , or for and m is either an odd prime or a power of 2. We also give lower bounds on the size of the automorphism group and degree of a regular hamiltonian graph that guarantee existence of a second Hamilton cycle.
Effect of coloured shade‐nets on plant leaf parameters and tomato fruit quality
Authors: Ilić Zoran S , Milenković Lidija , Šunić Ljubomir , Fallik Elazar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe concept of photo‐selective netting using commercial cultivation practices was studied in a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Vedetta’) summer cultivation in south Serbia (under high solar radiation 910 W m−2, with a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1661 µmol m−2 s−1), under four different coloured shade‐nets (pearl, red, blue and black) with 40% relative shading. The aim of the study was to determine how different environmental control technologies (coloured shade‐nets as screen house or plastic‐house integrated with coloured shade‐nets) could influence plant parameters, production and quality traits in tomato fruits cultivated in south Serbia (Balkan region).RESULTSThe leaf area index (LAI) ranged from 4.6 to 5.8 in open field and plastic tunnels plants (control) with maximum LAI values of 7.9–8.2 in net houses with red colour nets. Shade‐grown leaves generally have higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids content than do control leaves. Pericarp thickness was significantly higher tomatoes grown under pearl (7.215.82 µm), red (7099.00 µm) and blue nets (6802.29 µm) compared to other treatments and to control (6202.48 µm). The highest concentration of lycopene was detected in tomatoes grown in plastic houses integrated with red colour nets (64.9 µg g−1 fresh weight). The plastic house and open field (control) tomato production had a taste index mean value of 1.09–1.10. This is significantly higher than the values determined for the treatments with different coloured shade‐nets.CONCLUSIONThese results show that red and pearl photo‐selective nets create optimal growing conditions for the growth of the plant and produce fruits with thicker pericarp, the highest lycopene content, a satisfactory level of taste index and can be further implemented within protected cultivation practices. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Deep neck infections in cervical injection drug users
Authors: Tamir Sharon O. , Marom Tal , Len Assaf , Gluck Ofer , Goldfarb Abraham , Roth Yehudah 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize deep neck infections (DNI) in adult intravenous drug users (IDUs) who injected illicit substances to their neck, in comparison to DNI in non‐IDUs.Study DesignRetrospective, cohort study.MethodsData were retrieved from medical charts of adult DNI patients in a secondary hospital during 2000–2013. Clinical, radiologic, and microbial data were extracted and tabulated following categorization into 2 patient groups: IDUs and non‐IDUs.ResultsOf the 136 patients identified with DNI, 20 (15%) were IDUs; of them 80% were males. IDUs were significantly younger than non‐IDUs (mean age, 35 ± 10 vs. 44 ± 16 years, P = .01). All IDUs had multiple comorbidities. IDUs presented for medical examination and hospitalization later in the course of their disease, and the most common involved neck spaces were consistent with areas where cervical injections are commonly performed. Abscess formation was more common in IDUs than non‐IDUs (16 [80%] vs. 79 [68%], respectively, P = .04). Despite later presentation of IDUs and their higher rate of comorbidities, laboratory data, microbiology cultures, and disease course were similar to non‐IDUs.ConclusionsAlthough IDU and non‐IDU differ in DNI presentation, both groups had good outcomes. DNI in IDUs frequently evolved into abscesses, and most were found in the anterior triangle deep to sternocleidomastoid (SCM), posterior triangle, and anterior triangle superficial to SCM, in concordance with the injection sites.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:1336–1339, 2015
Cholesteatoma risk in 8,593 orofacial cleft cases and 6,989 siblings: A nationwide study
Authors: Djurhuus Bjarki D. , Skytthe Axel , Faber Christian E. , Christensen Kaare 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo estimate the risk of surgically treated middle ear cholesteatoma in individuals with a nonsyndromic orofacial cleft and in their siblings compared with the general population.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.MethodsUsing the unique civil registration number for linkage, data from three national registers were used for the Danish 1936–2009 birth cohorts. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox regression analyses using age as the underlying time variable. Individuals were followed from January 1, 1977 until time of surgically treated cholesteatoma, and censored at emigration, death, or end of follow‐up (December 31, 2010).ResultsA total of 8,593 individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial cleft and 6,989 siblings were identified, undergoing 201 and 21 first‐time cholesteatoma surgeries, respectively. A 5% random sample of the Danish population comprising 249,708 persons without an orofacial cleft was created, and 175,724 siblings to these persons were identified. These controls underwent 485 and 332 first‐time cholesteatoma surgeries, respectively. For individuals with cleft lip and palate the HR for cholesteatoma surgery was 14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12–18) and for individuals with cleft palate the HR was 20 (95% CI, 16–24) when compared with the random sample. In siblings of individuals with cleft palate, the HR for cholesteatoma surgery was 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1–4.1) when compared with siblings of the random sample.ConclusionsA 20‐fold increase in the risk of cholesteatoma was found in individuals with cleft palate, whereas cleft lip did not pose a risk of cholesteatoma. Furthermore, the study indicates an increased risk of cholesteatoma in unaffected siblings of individuals with cleft palate.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 125:1225–1229, 2015
Ultrasound‐based diagnosis for the cervical lymph nodes in a tuberculosis‐endemic area
Authors: Moon In S. , Kim Dong W. , Baek Hye J. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives/HypothesisNo previous ultrasound (US) studies have investigated the diagnostic accuracy of specific US‐based diagnostic protocol for cervical lymph node (LN) lesions in a tuberculosis‐endemic area. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of US‐based diagnosis of cervical LNs in a tuberculosis‐endemic area.Study DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe enrolled 495 consecutive patients who underwent US examination of the LNs in the neck. A single radiologist carried out the US examination, and established a US‐based diagnosis at the time of the examination in each of the patients. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of US for LNs in the neck by using the final results as a reference standard.ResultsOf 476 study cases, the number of tuberculous, nontuberculous benign, malignant, and indeterminate US category cases was 74, 224, 152, and 26, respectively. Confirmed diagnoses in these cases were as follow: tuberculous LN (n = 69), nontuberculous benign LN (n = 249), and malignant LN (n = 158). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of tuberculous, malignant, and nontuberculous benign US categories were 90.9%, 96.4%, 81.1%, 98.4%, and 95.6%; 92.8%, 96.6%, 93.4%, 96.3%, and 95.3%; and 92.2%, 95.0%, 95.1%, 92.0%, and 93.6%, respectively. All US categories showed a high sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsThe present US‐based diagnostic protocol for cervical LNs in a tuberculosis‐endemic area may be useful.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1113–1117, 2015
How is Desertification Research Addressed in Spain? Land Versus Soil Approaches
Authors: Barbero‐Sierra Celia , Marques Maria Jose , Ruiz‐Pérez Manuel , Escadafal Richard , Exbrayat Williams 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study intends to understand how desertification research is organised in Spain. We assume that a strong communication between scientific knowledge and stakeholders is needed to slow down and reverse the impacts of land degradation on drylands. With this purpose, we conducted an in‐depth study at a national level in Spain. The work focused on a sample of published references on desertification in scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS). The keywords were related to ‘desertification’, ‘drylands’, ‘land’, ‘soil’, ‘development’ and ‘Spain’. Multivariate analysis, bibliometric techniques and network analysis were used in order to (i) identify research categories and their temporal evolution throughout the period under consideration (1989–2012), (ii) determine if there were different approaches amongst different regions affected by desertification in Spain, (iii) establish the relationships between research categories, (iv) characterise types of co‐authorship and (v) map out the Spanish network on the science of desertification. Erosion‐soil degradation and soil analysis are the most important research categories, whereas climatic issues are subsidiary and quite isolated from the rest of topics. Very few articles consider ‘desertification’ as the main theme. Socio‐economic issues have scant links with the core of biophysical science. The Spanish network on the science of desertification shows a low density. Moreover, the relationships between universities/research centres with other stakeholders are marginal. This is not the best scenario for transforming scientific knowledge into practical tools for policy makers and land users. Knowledge transfer should be a priority for national desertification programmes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical markers for identifying cholinergic deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Müller Martijn L.T.M. , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Kotagal Vikas , Scott Peter J.H. , Koeppe Robert A. , Frey Kirk A. , Albin Roger L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundCholinergic projection systems degeneration is associated with dopamine nonresponsive features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cholinergic deficits are variable in nondemented PD. Identification of cholinergic deficits in PD may help with selection of suitable patients for targeted cholinergic drug treatment in PD. The objective of this retrospective multivariate predictor analysis study was to identify clinical markers indicative of cholinergic deficits in PD patients, as assessed by acetylcholinesterase ([11C]PMP) positron emission tomography.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven PD patients (34 female) participated; median modified Hoehn and Yahr score was 2.5 (range, 1‐4), average age 65.6 ± 7.4 years, and average duration of motor disease symptoms of 6.0 ± 4.2 years. Subjects were dichotomized as “normocholinergic” or “hypocholinergic” based on a 5th percentile cutoff from normal for the basal forebrain‐cortical and pedunculopontine nucleus‐thalamic cholinergic projection systems. Previously identified clinical indices of cholinergic denervation were used for statistical prediction of cholinergic deficits. Logistic regression determined which risk factors predicted cholinergic deficits. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined for the (combinations of) significant predictor variables.ResultsForty‐nine (35.8%) hypocholinergic PD subjects were identified. The combination of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms and fall history showed highest diagnostic accuracy (81.1%) for predicting combined thalamic and cortical cholinergic deficits. A combined assessment of 8.5 m walk time and lower score on the Montreal cognitive assessment scale provided diagnostic accuracy of 80.7% for predicting isolated cortical cholinergic denervation.ConclusionAssessment of clinical indices of cholinergic denervation may be useful for identifying suitable subjects for trials of targeted cholinergic drug treatments in PD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
DNAJC13 genetic variants in parkinsonism
Authors: Gustavsson Emil K. , Trinh Joanne , Guella Ilaria , Vilariño‐Güell Carles , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , Stoessl A. Jon , Tsui Joseph K , McKeown Martin , Rajput Alex , Rajput Ali H. , Aasly Jan O. , Farrer Matthew J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundA novel mutation (p.N855S) in DNAJC13 has been linked to familial, late‐onset Lewy body parkinsonism in a Dutch–German–Russian Mennonite multi‐incident kindred.MethodsDNAJC13 was sequenced in 201 patients with parkinsonism and 194 controls from Canada. Rare (minor allele frequency < 0.01) missense variants identified in patients were genotyped in two Parkinson's disease case–controls cohorts.ResultsEighteen rare missense mutations were identified; four were observed in controls, three were observed in both patients and controls, and eleven were identified only in patients. Subsequent genotyping showed p.E1740Q and p.L2170W to be more frequent in patients, and p.R1516H being more frequent in controls. Additionally, p.P336A, p.V722L, p.N855S, p.R1266Q were seen in one patient each, and p.T1895M was found in two patients.ConclusionAlthough the contribution of rare genetic variation in DNAJC13 to parkinsonisms remains to be further elucidated, this study suggests that, in addition to p.N855S, other rare variants might affect disease susceptibility. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society