bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving 360 NL h−1 Hydrogen Production Rate Through 30‐Cell Solid Oxide Electrolysis Stack with LSCF–GDC Composite Oxygen Electrode
Authors: Zheng Y. , Chen T. , Li Q. , Wu W. , Miao H. , Xu C. , Wang W. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 30‐cell solid oxide electrolysis (SOE) stack consisting of 30‐cell planar Ni–YSZ hydrogen electrode‐supported single cell with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ–Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (LSCF–GDC) composite oxygen electrodes, interconnects, and sealing materials was tested at 750 °C in steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production. The direction of gas flow in the stack was a cross‐flow configuration, and the stack configuration was designed to open gas flow channels at the air outlet. The electrolysis efficiency of the stack was higher than 100% at 90/10H2O/H2 ratio under <0.5 A cm−2 current density. During hydrogen production, the stack was operated at 750 °C under 0.5 A cm−2 constant current density for more than 500 h with 4.06% k h−1 degradation rate. Up to 73% steam conversion rate and 91.6% current efficiency were obtained; the net hydrogen production rate reached as high as 361.4 NL h−1. Our results suggested that the SOE stack that was designed with LSCF–GDC composite oxygen electrode could be used to conduct large‐scale hydrogen production.
A Novel Membraneless Direct Hydrazine/Air Fuel Cell
Authors: Yi Q. , Chu H. , Tang M. , Zhang Y. , Liu X. , Zhou Z. , Nie H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported binary AgNi nanoparticles are prepared by chemical reduction of Ag and Ni precursors with NaBH4. Fe/PANI catalyst is obtained by direct pyrolysis of Fe‐doped polyaniline in N2 atmosphere at high temperature. Results show that the Fe/PANI catalyst presents high electroactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media. The onset potential for ORR is 0.01 V(vs Hg/HgO) and the ORR current density is 3.4 mA cm−2@2000rpm at –0.4 V(vs HgO/Hg). A gas diffusion electrode is fabricated by using the Fe/PANI as the electrocatalyst of ORR. In alkaline media the AgNi/MWCNT catalyst displays efficient electroactivity for hydrazine oxidation. A lower onset potential of –0.5 V(vs Hg/HgO) and high current density for hydrazine oxidation are observed. A novel membrane‐less direct hydrazine/air fuel cell is designed by using the AgNi/MWCNT catalyst as the anode and the gas diffusion electrode as the cathode. The as‐fabricated fuel cell works properly and presents higher power density and current density.
Optimization of Parallel and Serpentine Configurations for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Guo N. , Leu M. C. , Koylu U. O. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA network‐based optimization model was developed to optimize the channel dimensions of flow fields in order to achieve a uniform flow distribution and improve the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Different flow field configurations, including parallel, parallel‐in‐series, and serpentine, were investigated using the present optimization model. Two cases, with and without considering reactant consumption, were compared to show the effect of including reactant consumption on the flow field designs. The results demonstrated that the optimized designs significantly improved the flow velocity distribution in all the configurations investigated. The optimized designs with consideration of reactant consumption exhibited more uniform flow velocity distribution when the entire fuel cell unit was considered. Additionally, the performances of PEM fuel cells for the conventional and optimized flow field designs were studied with a three‐dimensional, two‐phase fuel cell simulation model, and the computational results showed that the optimized designs with considering reactant consumption produced the highest maximum power density for each configuration investigated. These results show that the network‐based model is capable of optimizing various flow field configurations with flexibility and indicate the importance of considering reactant consumption in the optimization model.
Differential lateralization of hippocampal connectivity reflects features of recent context and ongoing demands: An examination of immediate post‐task activity
Authors: Hartzell James F. , Tobia Michael J. , Davis Ben , Cashdollar Nathan M. , Hasson Uri 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have shown that task demands affect connectivity patterns in the human brain not only during task performance but also during subsequent rest periods. Our goal was to determine whether ongoing connectivity patterns during rest contain information about both the current rest state, as well as the recently terminated task. Our experimental design consisted of two types of active tasks that were followed by two types of low‐demand rest states. Using this design, we examined whether hippocampal functional connectivity during wakeful rest reflects both features of a recently terminated task and those of the current resting‐state condition. We identified four types of networks: (i) one whose connectivity with the hippocampus was determined only by features of a recently terminated task, (ii) one whose connectivity was determined only by features of the current resting‐state, (iii) one whose connectivity reflected aspects of both the recently terminated task and ongoing resting‐state features, and (iv) one whose connectivity with the hippocampus was strong, but not affected by any external factor. The left and right hippocampi played distinct roles in these networks. These findings suggest that ongoing hippocampal connectivity networks mediate information integration across multiple temporal scales, with hippocampal laterality moderating these connectivity patterns. Hum Brain Mapp 36:519–537, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional brain networks: Linking thalamic atrophy to clinical disability in multiple sclerosis, a multimodal fMRI and MEG Study
Authors: Tewarie Prejaas , Schoonheim Menno M. , Schouten Daphne I. , Polman Chris H. , Balk Lisanne J. , Uitdehaag Bernard M.J. , Geurts Jeroen J.G. , Hillebrand Arjan , Barkhof Frederik , Stam Cornelis J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThalamic atrophy is known to be one of the most important predictors for clinical dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS). As the thalamus is highly connected to many cortical areas, this suggests that thalamic atrophy is associated with disruption of cortical functional networks. We investigated this thalamo‐cortical system to explain the presence of physical and cognitive problems in MS. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) were performed in 86 MS patients and 21 healthy subjects. We computed cortical functional networks for fMRI and MEG by respectively the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the phase lag index using the same automated anatomical labeling atlas for both modalities. Thalamo‐cortical functional connectivity was only estimated using fMRI. We computed conventional network metrics such as clustering coefficient and path length and analyzed the minimum spanning tree (MST), a subnetwork and backbone of the original network. MS patients showed reduced thalamic volumes and increased thalamo‐cortical connectivity. MEG cortical functional networks showed a lower level of integration in MS in terms of the MST, whereas fMRI cortical networks did not differ between groups. Lower integration of MEG cortical functional networks was both related to thalamic atrophy as well as to increased thalamo‐cortical functional connectivity in fMRI and to worse cognitive and clinical status. This study demonstrated for the first time that thalamic atrophy is associated with global disruption of cortical functional networks in MS and this global disruption of network activity was related to worse cognitive and clinical function in MS.Hum Brain Mapp 36:603–618, 2015. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A heparin‐mimicking reverse thermal gel for controlled delivery of positively charged proteins
Authors: Peña Brisa , Shandas Robin , Park Daewon 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPositively charged therapeutic proteins have been used extensively for biomedical applications. However, the safety and efficacy of proteins are mostly limited by their physical and chemical instability and short half‐lives in physiological conditions. To this end, we created a heparin‐mimicking sulfonated reverse thermal gel as a novel protein delivery system by sulfonation of a graft copolymer, poly(serinol hexamethylene urea)‐co‐poly(N‐isopropylacylamide), or PSHU‐NIPAAm. The net charge of the sulfonated PSHU‐NIPAAm was negative due to the presence of sulfonate groups. The sulfonated PSHU‐NIPAAm showed a typical temperature‐dependent sol‐gel phase transition, where polymer solutions turned to a physical gel at around 32°C and maintained gel status at body temperature. Both in vitro cytotoxicity tests using C2C12 myoblast cells and in vivo cytotoxicity tests by subcutaneous injections demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. In vitro release tests using bovine serum albumin revealed that the release from the sulfonated PSHU‐NIPAAm was more sustained than that from the plain PSHU‐NIPAAm. Furthermore, this sulfonated PSHU‐NIPAAm system did not affect protein structure after 70‐day observation periods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2102–2108, 2015.
Surface chemistry gradients on silicone elastomers for high‐throughput modulation of cell‐adhesive interfaces
Authors: Mohan Greeshma , Gallant Nathan D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCombinatorial and high‐throughput approaches to screening cell responses to material properties accelerate the speed of discovery and facilitate the identification of cell instructive cues or trends that may be missed by discrete sampling. However, these technologies have not yet been widely applied to materials with tissue‐like stiffness. The fabrication of monotonically varying surface chemistry gradients on polydimethylsiloxane, an elastic biomaterial, and the influence of these engineered surfaces on protein adsorption and adherent cell morphology were explored in this study. Crosslinked networks of polydimethylsiloxane were functionalized with a hydrophobic self‐assembled monolayer and then modified by spatiotemporally regulated ultraviolet ozonolysis to obtain gradients of oxygenated species ranging from ∼10° to ∼100° in water contact angle. Automated microscopy and image analysis of fibroblast cell morphology revealed a strong correlation between cell spreading and hydrophobicity. However, structural and functional analysis of the fibronectin interface indicated a proportional increase in cell spreading with adsorption, but a biphasic relationship with fibronectin conformation, underscoring the complexity of the adhesive interface. This work demonstrates the development of an elastomer surface modification platform that can be extended to future combinatorial studies of biological responses to chemical and mechanical material properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2066–2076, 2015.
Generalized Quadrangles and Transitive Pseudo‐Hyperovals
Authors: Bamberg John , Glasby S. P. , Popiel Tomasz , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA pseudo‐hyperoval of a projective space , q even, is a set of subspaces of dimension such that any three span the whole space. We prove that a pseudo‐hyperoval with an irreducible transitive stabilizer is elementary. We then deduce from this result a classification of the thick generalized quadrangles that admit a point‐primitive, line‐transitive automorphism group with a point‐regular abelian normal subgroup. Specifically, we show that is flag‐transitive and isomorphic to , where is either the regular hyperoval of PG(2, 4) or the Lunelli–Sce hyperoval of PG(2, 16).
Protrusio acetabuli: Joint loading with severe pincer impingement and its theoretical implications for surgical therapy
Authors: Liechti Emanuel F. , Ferguson Stephen J. , Tannast Moritz 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSevere pincer impingement (acetabular protrusio) is an established cause of hip pain and osteoarthritis. The proposed underlying pathomechanism is a dynamic pathological contact of the prominent acetabular rim with the femoral head‐neck junction. However, this cannot explain the classically described medial osteoarthritis in these hips. We therefore asked: (1) Does an overload exist in the medial aspect of the protrusio joint? and (2) What is the influence of three contemporary joint‐preserving procedures on load distribution in protrusio hips? In vivo force and motion data for walking and standing to sitting were applied to six 3D finite element models (normal, dysplasia, protrusio, acetabular rim trimming, acetabular reorientation, and combined reorientation/rim trimming). Compared with dysplasia, the protrusio joint resulted in opposite patterns of von Mises stress and contact pressure during walking. In protrusio hips, we found an overload at the medial margin of the lunate surface (54% higher than normal). Isolated rim trimming further increased the medial overload (up to 28% higher than protrusio), whereas acetabular reorientation with/without rim trimming reduced stresses by up to 25%. Our results can be used as an adjunct for surgical decision making in the treatment of acetabular protrusio. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:106–113, 2015.
Effects of Different Extents of Pulley Release on Tendon Excursion Efficiency and Tendon Moment Arms
Authors: Lu Szu‐Ching , Yang Tai‐Hua , Kuo Li‐Chieh , Jou I‐Ming , Sun Yung‐Nien , Su Fong‐Chin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTTo compare the excursion efficiency and moment arms of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) among different conditions of pulley integrity related to trigger finger treatment, cadaveric fingers were first tested with an intact pulley system, and then the first (A1) and second (A2) annular pulleys were released gradually from the proximal to distal part. Linear position sensors and a motion capture system were used to measure the tendon excursion and joint rotation simultaneously. The tendon excursion efficiency was defined as the range of motion of the involved joints per unit of tendon excursion, and the tendon moment arm was determined by the slope of the linear fitting result of tendon excursion versus metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint rotation. No significant differences were found between the release of the A1 pulley and the release extending to half the proximal part of the A2 pulley in the FDP excursion efficiency and the moment arms of FDS and FDP with respect to the MCP joint. These results imply that the release could extend to half the proximal A2 pulley, if necessary, without significantly decreasing the FDP excursion efficiency and increasing the moment arms of FDS and FDP with respect to the MCP joint. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:224–228, 2015.
Integrated image reconstruction and gradient nonlinearity correction
Authors: Tao Shengzhen , Trzasko Joshua D. , Shu Yunhong , Huston John , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo describe a model‐based reconstruction strategy for routine magnetic resonance imaging that accounts for gradient nonlinearity (GNL) during rather than after transformation to the image domain, and demonstrate that this approach reduces the spatial resolution loss that occurs during strictly image‐domain GNL‐correction.MethodsAfter reviewing conventional GNL‐correction methods, we propose a generic signal model for GNL‐affected magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions, discuss how it incorporates into contemporary image reconstruction platforms, and describe efficient nonuniform fast Fourier transform‐based computational routines for these. The impact of GNL‐correction on spatial resolution by the conventional and proposed approaches is investigated on phantom data acquired at varying offsets from gradient isocenter, as well as on fully sampled and (retrospectively) undersampled in vivo acquisitions.ResultsPhantom results demonstrate that resolution loss that occurs during GNL‐correction is significantly less for the proposed strategy than for the standard approach at distances >10 cm from isocenter with a 35 cm field‐of‐view gradient coil. The in vivo results suggest that the proposed strategy better preserves fine anatomical detail than retrospective GNL‐correction while offering comparable geometric correction.ConclusionAccounting for GNL during image reconstruction allows geometric distortion to be corrected with less spatial resolution loss than is typically observed with the conventional image domain correction strategy. Magn Reson Med 74:1019–1031, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The thermic effect of sugar‐free Red Bull: Do the non‐caffeine bioactive ingredients in energy drinks play a role?
Authors: Miles‐Chan Jennifer L. , Charrière Nathalie , Grasser Erik K , Montani Jean‐Pierre , Dulloo Abdul G 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveConsumption of energy drinks is increasing amongst athletes and the general public. By virtue of their bioactive ingredients (including caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, and B‐group vitamins) and paucity of calories, sugar‐free “diet” versions of these drinks could be a useful aid for weight maintenance. Yet little is known about the acute influence of these drinks, and specifically the role of the cocktail of non‐caffeine ingredients, on resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate oxidation. Therefore, the metabolic impact of sugar‐free Red Bull (sfRB) to a comparable amount of caffeine was compared.MethodsREE and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured in eight healthy young men by ventilated‐hood indirect calorimetry for 30 min baseline and 2 h following ingestion of 355 ml of either: sfRB + placebo, water + 120 mg caffeine, or water + placebo, according to a randomized cross‐over design.ResultssfRB and water + caffeine both increased REE to the same degree (+4%). Additionally, sfRB briefly increased RQ. Water + caffeine had no effect on RQ relative to water + placebo.ConclusionssfRB enhanced thermogenesis and marginally shifted RQ to favor carbohydrate oxidation. The stimulatory effects of sfRB on REE are mimicked by water + caffeine, indicating that the auxiliary ingredients do not influence this thermic effect. The metabolic effects of sfRB are primarily due to caffeine alone.
Coming unmoored: Disproportionate increases in obesity prevalence among young, disadvantaged white women
Authors: Robinson Whitney R. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Mezuk Briana , Rafferty Jane , Lee Hedwig , Johnson‐Lawrence Vicki , Seamans Marissa J. , Jackson James S. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesSince the 1980s, older, low‐educated White women experienced an unprecedented decrease in life expectancy. We investigated whether a similar phenomenon was evident among younger women for obesity.MethodsUsing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, age‐adjusted changes were estimated in the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference > 88 cm) between 1988‐1994 and 2003‐2010 among non‐Hispanic White women aged 25‐44 years, stratified by educational attainment (<high school (HS), HS, some college, college degree). To address bias from secular increases in educational attainment, White women's changes in obesity prevalence were compared to changes among similarly educated Black women.ResultsRelative increases in overall obesity were disproportionately larger for low‐educated (<HS) compared to college‐educated White women: 12.3 (95% CI: 3.1, 21.5) percentage points (ppts). For overall and abdominal obesity, general trends indicated dissimilar racial differences by educational attainment. For instance, overall obesity increased more in Blacks than Whites among college‐educated (9.9 ppts) but not low‐educated (−2.5 ppts) women.ConclusionsContemporary young, low‐educated White women showed indications of disproportionate worsening of overall obesity prevalence compared to more educated White and similarly educated Black women. Low education levels are more powerful indicators of obesity risk among contemporary White women than 30 years ago.
Obesity depresses the anti‐inflammatory HSP70 pathway, contributing to NAFLD progression
Authors: Cangeri Di Naso Fábio , Rosa Porto Rossana , Sarubbi Fillmann Henrique , Maggioni Lucas , Vontobel Padoin Alexandre , Jacques Ramos Rafael , Corá Mottin Claudio , Bittencourt Aline , Anair Possa Marroni Norma , Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Paulo 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether reduced activity of the anti‐inflammatory HSP70 pathway correlates with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and with markers of oxidative stress because obesity activates inflammatory JNKs, whereas HSP70 exerts the opposite effect.MethodsAdult obese patients (N = 95) undergoing bariatric surgery were divided into steatosis (ST), steatohepatitis (SH), and fibrosis (SH+F) groups. The levels of HSP70, its major transcription factor, HSF1, and JNKs were assessed by immunoblotting hepatic and visceral adipose tissue; data were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Plasma biochemistry (lipids, HbA1c, HOMA, hepatic enzymes, and redox markers) was also evaluated.ResultsIn both liver and adipose tissue, decreased HSP70 levels, paralleled by similar reductions in HSF1 and reduced plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, correlated with insulin resistance and with NAFLD progression (expression levels were as follows: ST > SH > SH + F). The immunohistochemistry results suggested Kupffer cells as a site of HSP70 inhibition. Conversely, JNK1 content and phosphorylation increased.ConclusionsDecreased HSF1 levels in the liver and fat of obese patients correlated with impairment of HSP70 in an NAFLD stage‐dependent manner. This impairment may affect HSP70‐dependent anti‐inflammation, with consequent oxidative stress and insulin resistance in advanced stages of NAFLD. Possible causal effects of fat cell senescence are discussed.
Morphology and microphase separation of star copolymers
Authors: Park Jicheol , Jang Sangshin , Kon Kim Jin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTStar copolymers have attracted significant interest due to their different characteristics compared with diblock copolymers, including higher critical micelle concentration, lower viscosity, unique spatial shape, or morphologies. Development of synthetic skills such as anionic polymerization and controlled radical polymerization have made it possible to make diverse architectures of polymers. Depending on the molecular architecture of the copolymer, numerous morphologies are possible, for instance, Archimedean tiling patterns and cylindrical microdomains at symmetric volume fraction for miktoarm star copolymers as well as asymmetric lamellar microdomains for star‐shaped copolymers, which have not been reported for linear block copolymers. In this review, we focus on morphologies and microphase separations of miktoarm (AmBn and ABC miktoarm) star copolymers and star‐shaped [(A‐b‐B)n] copolymers with nonlinear architecture. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1–21