bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization with a rigid neuroendoscope in infants with hydrocephalus
Authors: Weil Alexander G. , Fallah Aria , Chamiraju Parthasarathi , Ragheb John , Bhatia Sanjiv 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) has been shown to improve the success rate compared with ETV alone in infants (less than 24 months) with hydrocephalus who were treated in developing countries. The authors sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this procedure, using a rigid neuroendoscope, in a single North American center, and to assess whether the ETV success score (ETVSS), the CURE Children’s Hospital of Uganda ETVSS (CCHU ETVSS), and other pre- and intraoperative variables could predict success.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive ETV/CPC procedures performed using a rigid neuroendoscope to treat infantile hydrocephalus. The infants underwent the procedure at Miami Children’s Hospital between January 2007 and 2014, with at least one postoperative follow-up. Duration of follow-up or time to failure of ETV/CPC, the primary outcome measure, was documented. A repeat CSF diversion procedure or death was considered as a failure of ETV/CPC. The time to event was measured using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. The authors analyzed ETVSS, CCHU ETVSS, and pre- and intraoperative variables to determine their suitability to predict success.

RESULTS
Eighty-five patients (45 boys) with a mean age of 4.3 months (range 1 day to 20 months) underwent ETV/CPC. Etiology included intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity in 44 patients (51.7%), myelomeningocele (MMC) in 7 (8.2%), congenital aqueductal stenosis in 12 (14.1%), congenital communicating hydrocephalus in 6 (7.1%), Dandy-Walker complex in 6 (7.1%), postinfectious hydrocephalus in 5 (5.8%), and other cause in 5 (5.8%). Six procedure-related complications occurred in 5 (5.8%) patients, including 2 hygromas, 1 CSF leak, and 3 infections. There were 3 mortalities in this cohort. ETV/CPC was successful in 42.1%, 37.7%, and 36.8% of patients at 6, 12, and 24 months follow-up, respectively. The median (95% CI) time to ETV/CPC failure was 4.0 months (0.9–7.1 months). In univariate analyses, both the ETVSS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.05; p = 0.004) and CCHU ETVSS (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.04–2.09; p = .028) were predictive of outcome following ETV/CPC. In multivariate analysis, the presence of prepontine scarring was associated with ETV/CPC failure (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.19–0.63; p < 0.001). Other variables, such as radiological criteria (prepontine interval, prepontine space, aqueductal stenosis, Third Ventricular Morphology Index) and intraoperative findings (ventriculostomy pulsations, extent of CPC), did not predict outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
ETV/CPC is a feasible alternative to ETV and ventriculoperitoneal shunt in infants with hydrocephalus. Both the ETVSS and CCHU ETVSS predicted success following ETV/CPC in this single-center North American cohort of patients.
Properties of convective delivery in spinal cord gray matter: laboratory investigation and computational simulations
Authors: Endo Toshiki , Fujii Yushi , Sugiyama Shin-ichiro , Zhang Rong , Ogita Shogo , Funamoto Kenichi , Saito Ryuta , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a method for distributing small and large molecules locally into the interstitial space of the spinal cord. Delivering these molecules to the spinal cord is otherwise difficult due to the blood-spinal cord barrier. Previous research has proven the efficacy of CED for delivering molecules over long distances along the white matter tracts in the spinal cord. Conversely, the characteristics of CED for delivering molecules to the gray matter of the spinal cord remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to reveal regional distribution of macromolecules in the gray and white matter of the spinal cord with special attention to the differences between the gray and white matter.

METHODS
Sixteen rats (F344) underwent Evans blue dye CED to either the white matter (dorsal column, 8 rats) or the gray matter (ventral horn, 8 rats) of the spinal cord. The rates and total volumes of infusion were 0.2 μl/min and 2.0 μl, respectively. The infused volume of distribution was visualized and quantified histologically. Computational models of the rat spinal cord were also obtained to perform CED simulations in the white and gray matter.

RESULTS
The ratio of the volume of distribution to the volume of infusion in the gray matter of the spinal cord was 3.60 ± 0.69, which was comparable to that of the white matter (3.05 ± 0.88). When molecules were injected into the white matter, drugs remained in the white matter tract and rarely infused into the adjacent gray matter. Conversely, when drugs were injected into the gray matter, they infiltrated laterally into the white matter tract and traveled longitudinally and preferably along the white matter. In the infusion center, the areas were larger in the gray matter CED than in the white matter (Mann-Whitney U-test, p < 0.01). In computational simulations, the aforementioned characteristics of CED to the gray and white matter were reaffirmed.

CONCLUSIONS
In the spinal cord, the gray and white matter have distinct characteristics of drug distribution by CED. These differences between the gray and white matter should be taken into account when considering drug delivery to the spinal cord. Computational simulation is a useful tool for predicting drug distributions in the normal spinal cord.
Improvement of syrinx resolution after tonsillar cautery in pediatric patients with Chiari Type I malformation
Authors: Stanko Kevin M. , Lee Young M. , Rios Jennifer , Wu Adela , Sobrinho Giovanna W. , Weingart Jon D. , Jackson Eric M. , Ahn Edward S. , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Jallo George I. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Chiari Type I malformation involves caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum, which obstructs normal cerebrospinal fluid flow and increases intracranial pressure. Certain aspects of its surgical treatment remain controversial. A retrospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy of tonsillar cautery on syrinx resolution among pediatric Chiari patients undergoing cervicomedullary decompression.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients 0–18 years of age who underwent surgical correction for Chiari Type I malformation with syrinx between 1995 and 2013. Basic demographic information was collected as well as data for preoperative symptoms, prior surgical history, perioperative characteristics, and postsurgical outcomes. Descriptive statistics were performed in addition to bivariate analyses. Candidate predictor variables were identified based on an association with tonsillar cautery with p < 0.10. Forward stepwise likelihood ratio was used to select candidate predictors in a binary logistic regression model (Pin = 0.05, Pout = 0.10) most strongly associated with the outcome.

RESULTS
A total of 171 patients with Chiari Type I malformation with syrinx were identified, and 43 underwent tonsillar cautery. Patients who underwent tonsillar cautery had 6.11 times greater odds of improvement in their syrinx (95% CI 2.57–14.49, p < 0.001). There was no effect of tonsillar cautery on increased perioperative complications as well as the need for repeat decompressions.

CONCLUSIONS
Tonsillar cautery is safe and effective in the treatment of Chiari Type I malformation with syrinx and may decrease time to syrinx resolution after cervicomedullary decompression. Tonsillar cautery does not increase postoperative complications in pediatric Chiari Type I malformation patients.
Postoperative imaging for detection of recurrent arteriovenous malformations in children
Authors: Morgenstern Peter F. , Hoffman Caitlin E. , Kocharian Gary , Singh Ranjodh , Stieg Philip E. , Souweidane Mark M. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The optimal method for detecting recurrent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in children is unknown. An inherent preference exists for MR angiography (MRA) surveillance rather than arteriography. The validity of this strategy is uncertain.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients treated for cerebral AVMs at a single institution from 1998 to 2012. Patients with complete obliteration of the AVM nidus after treatment and more than 12 months of follow-up were included in the analysis. Data collection focused on recurrence rates, associated risk factors, and surveillance methods.

RESULTS
A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 11.7 years (range 0.5–18 years) were treated for AVMs via surgical, endovascular, radiosurgical, or combined approaches. Total AVM obliteration on posttreatment digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was confirmed in 27 patients, of whom the 20 with more than 12 months of follow-up were included in subsequent analysis. The mean follow-up duration in this cohort was 5.75 years (median 5.53 years, range 1.11–10.64 years). Recurrence occurred in 3 of 20 patients (15%). Two recurrences were detected by surveillance DSA and 1 at the time of rehemorrhage. No recurrences were detected by MRA. Median time to recurrence was 33.6 months (range 19–71 months). Two patients (10%) underwent follow-up DSA, 5 (25%) had DSA and MRI/MRA, 9 (45%) had MRI/MRA only, 1 (5%) had CT angiography only, and 3 (15%) had no imaging within the first 3 years of follow-up. After 5 years posttreatment, 2 patients (10%) were followed with MRI/MRA only, 2 (10%) with DSA only, and 10 (50%) with continued DSA and MRI/MRA.

CONCLUSIONS
AVM recurrence in children occurred at a median of 33.6 months, when MRA was more commonly used for surveillance, but failed to detect any recurrences. A recurrence rate of 15% may be an underestimate given the reliance on surveillance MRA over angiography. A new surveillance strategy is proposed, taking into account exposure to diagnostic radiation and the potential for catastrophic rehemorrhage.
Mass gains of the Antarctic ice sheet exceed losses
Authors: Zwally H. Jay , Li Jun , Robbins John W. , Saba Jack L. , Yi Donghui , Brenner Anita C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMass changes of the Antarctic ice sheet impact sea-level rise as climate changes, but recent rates have been uncertain. Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data (2003–08) show mass gains from snow accumulation exceeded discharge losses by 82 ± 25 Gt a−1, reducing global sea-level rise by 0.23 mm a−1. European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS) data (1992–2001) give a similar gain of 112 61 Gt a−1. Gains of 136 Gt a−1 in East Antarctica (EA) and 72 Gt a−1 in four drainage systems (WA2) in West Antarctic (WA) exceed losses of 97 Gt a−1 from three coastal drainage systems (WA1) and 29 Gt a−1 from the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). EA dynamic thickening of 147 Gt a−1 is a continuing response to increased accumulation (>50%) since the early Holocene. Recent accumulation loss of 11 Gt a−1 in EA indicates thickening is not from contemporaneous snowfall increases. Similarly, the WA2 gain is mainly (60 Gt a−1) dynamic thickening. In WA1 and the AP, increased losses of 66 ± 16 Gt a−1 from increased dynamic thinning from accelerating glaciers are 50% offset by greater WA snowfall. The decadal increase in dynamic thinning in WA1 and the AP is approximately one-third of the long-term dynamic thickening in EA and WA2, which should buffer additional dynamic thinning for decades.
The Giant Resin Bee, Megachile sculpturalis Smith: New Distributional Records for the Mid- and Gulf-south USA
Authors: Parys Katherine , Tripodi Amber , Sampson Blair 
Published: October 2015

Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, the giant resin bee, is an adventive species in the United States. First established in the United States during the early 1990s, records currently exist from most states east of the Mississippi River along with Iowa and Kansas.
New distributional records are presented for Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith, an introduced bee. Additional records presented here expand the known distribution southwest through Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. An updated host plant list containing new records is also presented, expanding the number of known floral associations.
L es élèves ont des corps. Regards enseignants
Authors: Voléry Ingrid 
Published: October 2015

Partant d’une enquête qualitative réalisée, entre 2009 et 2013, dans dix établissements scolaires d’Alsace et de Lorraine, nous montrerons comment les enseignants et l’institution scolaire transforment la nature et la densité du sexe prêté aux enfants à travers des dispositifs d’hétérosexualisation dont la portée gagne à être plus finement étudiée.
Validity and Reliability Evidence for a New Measure: The Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge Assessment in Nursing
Authors: Spurlock Darrell , Wonder Amy Hagedorn 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Studies of evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses often focus on attitudes and beliefs about EBP and self-reported EBP knowledge. Because knowledge self-assessments can be highly inaccurate, the authors developed and tested a new objective measure of EBP knowledge—the Evidence-Based Practice Knowledge Assessment in Nursing (EKAN).

Method:
Seven subject matter experts reviewed candidate items, resulting in a scale content validity index of 0.94. Rasch modeling was used to evaluate item–person performance on the proposed unidimensional trait of EBP knowledge. The candidate item pool was then tested among 200 undergraduate nursing students.

Results:
Strong evidence of unidimensionality was confirmed by narrow item infit statistics centering on 1.0. The item separation index was 7.05, and the person separation index was 1.66. Item reliability was 0.98, and person reliability was 0.66.

Conclusion:

The 20-item EKAN showed strong psychometric properties for an instrument developed under the Rasch model and is available for use in research and educational contexts. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(11):605–613.]
Promoting Differentiated Competencies Among RN-to-Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program Graduates
Authors: McEwen Melanie 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Bolstered by the Institute of Medicine’s employment goal of 80% of baccalaureate (BSN)-prepared RNs by 2020, the number of RN-to-BSN programs has grown dramatically. This rapid growth has led to concerns about lack of standardization and significant variability in requirements related to content and expected competencies.

Method:
The Differentiated Essential Competencies (DECs) of Graduates of Texas Nursing Programs was reviewed to tease out the concepts, content, and competencies that are BSN-level specific and thereby appropriate for RN-to-BSN programs.

Results:
The current review was a compilation of differentiated competencies based on education level. In this article, numerous examples are drawn from the DECs and are organized by the major content areas common to RN-to-BSN programs.

Conclusion:

Faculty should examine the DECs to consider how they may be used to enhance RN-to-BSN programs, to evaluate their congruence with traditional BSN programs, and to ensure that program graduates are educationally prepared for practice in today’s complex health care system. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(11):615–623.]
Un sistema de detección de peces para escala de hendidura vertical utilizando tecnología láser y técnicas de visión artificial
Authors: Rico Díaz A. J. , Rabuñal J.R. , Puertas J. , Pena L. , Rodríguez A. 
Published: October 2015

<p class="Resumen">Las escalas de hendidura vertical son una de las estructuras más utilizadas para sortear obstáculos. Estas estructuras permiten a los peces sortear obstáculos como presas, centrales hidroeléctricas y otros. Conocer la frecuencia con la que los peces atraviesan este tipo de estructuras puede ayudar a conocer la eficacia de las mismas, así como conocer características migratorias de las especies, determinar si el curso fluvial está sano o determinar si se puede pescar con garantías de conservación y mejora de la fauna. La técnica expuesta en este artículo es un método no invasivo para detección de peces en tiempo real, sin necesidad de observación directa. Se utiliza un sensor láser para detectar los peces y los datos recogidos por el sensor son analizados de forma automática con técnicas de visión artificial en una aplicación informática. </p>
Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of cowpea effect of variet and locality
Authors: Ismael Dalaram Sullaiman 
Published: October 2015

Leguminous seeds belong to plant foods which are generally rich in phenolic compounds. Cowpea seeds are a major source of plant proteins and vitamins for man, feed for animals. Polyphenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of amino acids present in many plant species, including legume. Their content depends on various factors, such as cultivar, pedoclimatic and cultivation conditions. The influence of cultivar, locality on the total polyphenols (TPC) and antioxidant activity (TAC) of Cowpea seeds was studied. Cowpea cultivars were cultivated under different climatic conditions in Iraq Republic. The main objective of the present work was to consider the changes of total polyphenols content in dependence on variety and to evaluate an antioxidant potential of three Cowpea varieties (white, light brown and red color) in different localities of Erbil City in Kurdistan Region Iraq and to evaluate the content of bioactive compounds (polyphenolics) in legumes commonly utilized in the human diet in Iraq, to compare their antioxidant capacity and to evaluate the influence of grown locality on observed parameters. Total polyphenols were determined by the Lachman´s method and expressed as mg of Gallic acid equivalent per kg dry matter. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by the Brand-Williams method using a compound DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (p <0.05) among locality and color for phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity. The various varieties of white color cowpea had significant influence on TPC and TAC and affected by locality too. From tested seeds the highest polyphenol content was measured in red color (802.323 ±15.937 - 825.700 ±8.494 mg.kg-1 GAE). The lowest value was in white color (480.195 ±15.286 - 721.952 ±25.004 mg.kg-1GAE).The similar trend was observed at values of TAC. The highest TAC value was determined in red color (28.709 ±15.937 - 34.777 ±8.494% DPPH). The lowest value was in white color (6.065 ±0.836% - 9.578 ±0.884% DPPH). The various varieties had significant influence on TPC and TAC according to used statistical analyses. Correlation between the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity was significantly positive (r = 0.783645). Our results confirmed that legumes can be a good source of bioactive compounds in the human nutrition.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Filipowicz Halina 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
April 1, 2015 To the Editor: In her interesting and timely interview with Agata Tuszyńska (“The Other Heroine Is Memory,” TPR 60, no. 1 [2015]), Jolanta Wróbel Best invokes what she calls an “extreme” statement by Theodor Adorno (p. 93). According to Best, “Adorno argued that, after Auschwitz, no poetry should be written” (p. 93). Tuszyńska replies that postwar Polish literature in general and Tadeusz Różewicz’s poetry in particular provide “splendid examples of how to write about the Holocaust” (p. 93). In short, Tuszyńska suggests that Adorno should have known better.
ACM Check Dams in Concrete Gutters for Recirculation Filters of Wastewater from Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Aquaculture in Southern Thailand
Authors: Peerakeitkhajorn Jiroj , Tarnchalanukit Wit , Chunkao Kasem 
Published: October 2015

Theresearch was aimed to recirculate the treated wastewater from Whiteleg shrimpfarms in following each other without interruptionby using concrete gutters containing ACM (Assembled ConstructedMaterials) check dams as the filters. Among the 2-inch diameter ofchipped-assembled-constructed materials, the ACM-Brick filterwas the most effective rather thanroof-tile, blocked cement, and rock, respectively. Three ACM-Brick check damswith 5-m space between them were indicated as 47.3 % treatment efficiencytogether with flow rates of 600 to 900 L/hr, and up to more 65 % and 85 % forfourth and fifth ACM-Brick checkdams while the first and second dams found13.0 % to 28.4 % efficiencies. Seemingly, irrespectiveof employing brick, roof-tile, blocked cement, or rock for constructing the ACM check dam was installedin concrete gutters with the size of 1-mwidth, 0.5-m depth, and more or less 20-m length that could be served needs inrecirculation aquaculture of Whitelegshrimps to gain satisfied benefits.Culturing Whiteleg shrimps in 3-sq.m. and 3-cu.m.concrete gutterscontaining only one of 0.5-sq.m. and 1-depth ACM-Brick filters by RCB design for 4 treatments (culturing shrimpdensities) and 3 replications found the density of 105 juveniles/3m2(6,606 kg/ha) with the most harvested-added weight 2,710 kg/ha (69.55 % of beginning weight), anddecreasing after increasing the density of 6,720, 8,371, and 11,382 kg/ha incorresponding to harvested-added weight 65.29 %, 46.36 %, and 42.33 %,respectively. The findings also informed that flow rate of 720 L/hr indicatedsomewhat high effective influences ondecreasing of water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, EC, alkalinity, TDS, BOD, NH4-N,NO2-N, and NO3-N which were conditioned for recirculationaquaculture of Whiteleg shrimps.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Community Fecal Immunotesting Screening for Colorectal Carcinoma in a High-Risk Canadian Population
Authors: Crouse Amber L. , De Koning Lawrence , Sadrzadeh S. M. Hossein , Naugler Christopher 
Published: October 2015

Context
Community-based programs are a common way of promoting colorectal cancer screening by primary care physicians. Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is a screening method commonly used in such programs. Fecal immunochemical testing has advantages to the patient as well as to clinical laboratories.

Objective
To assess the operational test characteristics of a FIT pilot program in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, between April 2011 and May 2012.

Design
Four hundred fifty-seven high-risk patients undergoing both FIT and colonoscopy were included. Areas under the curve and positive predictive values were derived for FIT values and biopsy-proven neoplasia. Subgroup analysis was also performed on men and women and for ages older and younger than the mean age of 62 years.

Results
For colorectal carcinoma and colonic adenomas the areas under the curve were 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.71–0.87) and 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.65), respectively. The positive predictive value of a positive FIT result for any neoplasia was 53%. The overall performance of the test for all neoplasia was better for men and better for older individuals.

Conclusions
The performance of FIT in this clinical setting was very good for detecting carcinoma, but marginal for detection of colonic adenomas.