bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field study of exposure to whole‐body vibration due to agricultural machines in a full‐time rice farmer over one year
Authors: Tsujimura Hiroji , Taoda Kazushi , Kitahara Teruyo 
Published: May 2015

A field study of exposure to whole‐body vibration due to agricultural machines in a full‐time rice farmer over one year: Hiroji Tsujimura, et al. Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social Medicine, Shiga University of Medical ScienceObjectiveThe aims of this study were to clarify in detail the levels of whole‐body vibration (WBV) exposure from a variety of agricultural machines in a rice farmer over one year, and to evaluate the daily level of exposure compared with European and Japanese threshold limits.MethodsThe subject was a full‐time, male rice farmer. We measured vibration accelerations on the seat pan and at the seat base of four tractors with various implements attached, one rice‐planting machine, two combine harvesters, produced by the same manufacturer, and one truck used for transportation of agricultural machines. The position and velocity of the machines were recorded in parallel with WBV measurements. In addition, during the year starting in April 2010, the subject completed a questionnaire regarding his work (date, place, content, hours worked, machines used). We calculated the daily exposure to WBV, A(8), on all the days on which the subject used the agricultural machines.ResultsThe WBV magnitude in farm fields was relatively high during tasks with high velocity and heavy mechanical load on the machine, and had no dominant axis. The subject worked for 159 days using the agricultural machines during the year, and the proportion of days on which A(8) values exceeded the thresholds was 90% for the Japan occupational exposure limit and 24% for the EU exposure action value.ConclusionsOur findings emphasize the need for rice farmers to have health management strategies suited to the farming seasons and measures to reduce WBV exposure during each farm task.
Characteristics and associated factors of non-suicidal self-injury among Italian young people: A survey through a thematic website
Authors: Martorana Giuseppe 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a group of young Italians who self-injure. In examining the characteristics, specific attention was given to the feelings and personal experiences associated with episodes of NSSI.

Methods
The research involved 362 young people (332 females and 30 males) who completed an online survey hosted on a website specifically geared to supporting young people who self-injure. This methodology enabled involving a diverse population of young people who self-injure, thus going beyond specific groups or clinical samples.

Results
Results show that the majority of respondents start injuring themselves between the ages of 12 and 16 years (72.38%, n = 262). Cutting was the most common self-injuring method (81.77%, n = 297). The 79.83% (n = 289) of respondents had not sought professional help for their wounds, preferring to care for their wounds on their own. More than half of the respondents (56.91%, n = 206) claimed to have experienced anxiety-spectrum disorders and almost half of the respondents (41.71%, n = 151) claimed to have experienced some type of eating disorder.

Discussion and Conclusions
Many similarities have been found between this study and the literature, thus strengthening the hypothesis that NSSI is becoming a universal issue with similar characteristics across countries.
Problematic Internet use, excessive alcohol consumption, their comorbidity and cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress in a student population
Authors: Bibbey Adam , Phillips Anna C. , Ginty Annie T. , Carroll Douglas 
Published: May 2015

Background and aims
Problematic Internet use and excessive alcohol consumption have been associated with a host of maladaptive outcomes. Further, low (blunted) cardiovascular and stress hormone (e.g. cortisol) reactions to acute psychological stress are a feature of individuals with a range of adverse health and behavioural characteristics, including dependencies such as tobacco and alcohol addiction. The present study extended this research by examining whether behavioural dependencies, namely problematic Internet use, excessive alcohol consumption, and their comorbidity would also be associated with blunted stress reactivity

Methods
A large sample of university students (N = 2313) were screened using Internet and alcohol dependency questionnaires to select four groups for laboratory testing: comorbid Internet and alcohol dependence (N = 17), Internet dependence (N = 17), alcohol dependence (N = 28), and non-dependent controls (N = 26). Cardiovascular activity and salivary cortisol were measured at rest and in response to a psychological stress protocol comprising of mental arithmetic and public speaking tasks.

Results
Neither problematic Internet behaviour nor excessive alcohol consumption, either individually or in combination, were associated with blunted cardiovascular or cortisol stress reactions.

Discussion
It is possible that problematic Internet behaviour and excessive alcohol consumption in a student population were not related to physiological reactivity as they may not reflect ingrained addictions but rather an impulse control disorder and binging tendency.

Conclusions
The present results serve to indicate some of the limits of the developing hypothesis that blunted stress reactivity is a peripheral marker of the central motivational dysregulation in the brain underpinning a wide range of health and behavioural problems.
Study addiction — A new area of psychological study: Conceptualization, assessment, and preliminary empirical findings
Authors: Atroszko Paweł A. , Andreassen Cecilie Schou , Griffiths Mark D. , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: May 2015

Aims
Recent research has suggested that for some individuals, educational studying may become compulsive and excessive and lead to ‘study addiction’. The present study conceptualized and assessed study addiction within the framework of workaholism, defining it as compulsive over-involvement in studying that interferes with functioning in other domains and that is detrimental for individuals and/or their environment.

Methods
The Bergen Study Addiction Scale (BStAS) was tested — reflecting seven core addiction symptoms (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and problems) — related to studying. The scale was administered via a cross-sectional survey distributed to Norwegian (n = 218) and Polish (n = 993) students with additional questions concerning demographic variables, study-related variables, health, and personality.

Results
A one-factor solution had acceptable fit with the data in both samples and the scale demonstrated good reliability. Scores on BStAS converged with scores on learning engagement. Study addiction (BStAS) was significantly related to specific aspects of studying (longer learning time, lower academic performance), personality traits (higher neuroticism and conscientiousness, lower extroversion), and negative health-related factors (impaired general health, decreased quality of life and sleep quality, higher perceived stress).

Conclusions
It is concluded that BStAS has good psychometric properties, making it a promising tool in the assessment of study addiction. Study addiction is related in predictable ways to personality and health variables, as predicted from contemporary workaholism theory and research.
Neue Arzneimittel für Kleintiere 2014
Authors: Emmerich I. U. 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2014 kamen für Kleintiere sechs neue Wirkstoffe auf den deutschen Tierarzneimittelmarkt: Die Ektoparasitika der Isoxazolin-Gruppe Afoxolaner (NexGard®) und Fluralaner (Bravecto®) und das Neonikotinoid Dinotefuran (Vectra 3D, Vectra Felis), das Antidiabetikum Protamin-Zink-Insulin humanen Ursprungs (ProZinc®), das Antimykotikum Ketoconazol (Fugazid®) sowie das Zytostatikum Oclacitinib (Apoquel®). Zwei Wirkstoffe erhielten eine Tierartenerweiterung. So wurden das Antiparasitikum Eprinomectin und das Antibiotikum Clindamycin auch für Katzen zugelassen. Vorgestellt werden ferner zwei im Jahr 2014 neu für die Humanmedizin eingeführte Wirkstoffe, die für die Tiermedizin interessant sein könnten: das Antihypertonikum Riociguat und das Urologikum Mirabegron.
Climate Change May Alter Both Establishment and High Abundance of Red Brome (Bromus rubens) and African Mustard (Brassica tournefortii) in the Semiarid Southwest United States
Authors: Curtis Caroline A. , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNonnative, invasive plants are becoming increasingly widespread and abundant throughout the southwestern United States, leading to altered fire regimes and negative effects on native plant communities. Models of potential invasion are pertinent tools for informing regional management. However, most modeling studies have relied on occurrence data, which predict the potential for nonnative establishment only and can overestimate potential risk. We compiled locations of presence and high abundance for two problematic, invasive plants across the southwestern United States: red brome (Bromus rubens L.) and African mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan). Using an ensemble of five climate projections and two types of distribution model (MaxEnt and Bioclim), we modeled current and future climatic suitability for establishment of both species. We also used point locations of abundant infestations to model current and future climatic suitability for abundance (i.e., impact niche) of both species. Because interpretations of future ensemble models depend on the threshold used to delineate climatically suitable from unsuitable areas, we applied a low threshold (1 model of 10) and a high threshold (6 or more models of 10). Using the more-conservative high threshold, suitability for Bromus rubens presence expands by 12%, but high abundance contracts by 42%, whereas suitability for Brassica tournefortii presence and high abundance contract by 34% and 56%, respectively. Based on the low threshold (worst-case scenario), suitability for Bromus rubens presence and high abundance are projected to expand by 65% and 64%, respectively, whereas suitability for Brassica tournefortii presence and high abundance expand by 29% and 28%, respectively. The difference between results obtained from the high and low thresholds is indicative of the variability in climate models for this region but can serve as indicators of best- and worst-case scenarios.
Modelling Fluctuations in Water Depth During the Cretaceous
Authors: Harrison C. G. A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Cretaceous was a time of decreased freeboard, when large portions of all continents were flooded by shallow marine waters. Suggested causes for this decrease in freeboard are a decrease in the volume of the ocean basins caused by more rapid sea floor spreading rates during the Cretaceous (Kominz, 1984) and a thermal bulge in the Pacific during this time (Schlanger et al., 1981). Kominz (1984) has analysed the possible errors involved in attempting to determine the volume of the ridge crests during the Cretaceous, and came to the conclusion that sea level was 228 m higher than today 80 m.y. ago. This included an estimate for the amount of continental ice present today, which was assumed to he absent during the Cretaceous. Schlariger et al. (1981) estimated a sea level rise of 80 m 70 m.y. ago, by studying thermal subsidence of areas in the Pacific which were known to show very large volcanic activity between 110 and 70 m.y. ago. A recent compilation of the causes of sea level change, in which ridge crest volume, thermal subsidence, ice volume, thermal shrinking of the water column, increased sediment load today compared with the Cretaceous, and increased oceanic area due to continental collision following closure of Tethys were all considered, gave a sea level increase 80 m.y. ago of 278 in (Harrison, 1985).
Of particular interest to the readers of this volume are the sea level changes which produce the transgressive-regressive cycles seen in the sedimentary deposits of the Western
Distribution and Significance of Widespread, Time-Parallel Pelagic
Limestone Beds in Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of the Central
Great Plains and Southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Hattin Donald E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Greenhorn Limestone is a remarkable pe1agic/hemipe1agic carbonate-rich unit that marks late Cenomanian-midd1e Turonian peak and near-peak transgressional conditions in the Western Interior Sea. Parts of the section consisting of or equivalent to the Hart-land and Jetmore Members comprise a sequence of generally laminated chalky, marly, or calcareous shale beds that alternate with bioturbated chalk, chalky limestone, or hard brittle limestone beds. Progressive westward lithologic change to less calcareous facies reflects influence of the Sevier orogenic belt as a major source for Greenhorn terrigenous detritus. Limestone beds of the Hartland-Jetmore sequence are time parallel and most can be traced across vast expanses of the study area. Any two of these marker beds serve to define a 1ithochronozone within which, or within a succession of which, regional variations of biota, facies, strati-graphic thickness, remanent magnetism, and geochemistry can be investigated with chronologic precision not afforded by other methods. Few such analyses have been carried out but the marker beds have been useful in demonstrating the widespread effects of short-term events, an example being that which produced the foraminiferal calcarenite that lies between marker beds JT-1 and JT-2 at many Greenhorn localities between north-central Kansas and western New Mexico. Analysis of thickness variations between marker beds has shown the presence of condensed Greenhorn sections, commonly rich in calcarenite, that apparently were deposited over topographic highs on the sea floor. General correspondence of condensed sections with structural features strongly suggests that Greenhorn deposition was influenced by contemporaneous tectonism. Precise regional correlation of time-parallel Greenhorn limestone beds also makes possible detailed regional comparisons of geochemical data not only for a given lithochronozone but also through a succession of precisely correlated stratigraphic intervals. This approach will permit rigorous testing of models that have been proposed to account for the strati-graphic rhythmicity that characterizes much of the Greenhorn section in the central Great Plains and Southern Rocky Mountains.
The Dakota Group and the Kiowa-Skull Creek Cyclothem in the Canon City -
Pueblo Area, Colorado
Authors: Gustason Edmund R. , Kauffman Erle G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Lower Cretaceous (Aptian (?) - Albian) Dakota Group, as exposed along the Skyline Drive, near Canon City, Colorado, and along the Arkansas River, near Pueblo, Colorado, is divided into four distinct lithologically-sitnilar and genetically related formations. In ascending order, these are: (1) the Lytle Formation; (2) Plainview Formation; (3) Glencairn Formation; and (4) Muddy Sandstone.
The Lytle Formation is composed of white to light gray, friable, poorly sorted, cross-stratified, pebbly sandstone, deposited by braided fluvial systems draining the Mogollon Highlands and Sevier Orogenic belt. The Plainview Formation is composed of interbedded brown-weathering fluvial sandstone and carbonaceous shale. The Clencairn Formation is composed of five upward-coarsening, marine shale to sandstone, progradational shoreface sequences, separated by regional transgressive disconformities. The Muddy Sandstone, a massive, brown-weathering, cross-stratified fluvial sandstone, that grades upward into interbedded fluvial and marginal marine sandstone and shale, represents aggradation of a previously eroded paleotopography during base level rise.
The Dakota Group records two major third-order tectonoeustatic sealevel changes: the Kiowa-Skull Creek and Greenhorn transgressive-regressive cycles. The Plainview and Glencairn Formations were deposited during the Kiowa-Skull Creek cycle, representing coastal plain aggradation, followed by transgression of, and small-scale fluctuations of the Kiowa-Skull Creek strandline as the cycle approached peak transgression. The fourth progradational sequence represents peak transgression. The Kiowa-Skull Creek regression is recorded as a widespread, regional erosional unconformity, which developed on top of Glencairn-Kiowa-Skull Creek deposits. The initial transgression of the Greenhorn seaway into the Canon City - Pueblo areas is recorded by the Muddy Sandstone, which aggraded this erosional paleotopography.
Stratigraphy and Paleobiology of the Lincoln Limestone Member, Greenhorn
Limestone, Rock Canyon Anticline, Colorado
Authors: Sageman B.B. , Johnson C.C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Lincoln Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Limestone is characterized by calcareous shale and calcarenite beds deposited during the transgressive phase of the Greenhorn Cyclothem. At Rock Canyon anticline the Lincoln Member is conformably underlain by the Graneros Shale and overlain by the Hartland Shale Member of the Greenhorn Limestone. A detailed study of the Lincoln divides the member into a lower and an upper interval, based on lithostratigraphic, geochemical and paleobiologic criteria. The lower unit is characterized by laminated, weakly calcareous shales, relatively high organic carbon content (Corg ∼ 2.5%), and a macrofaunal assemblage transitional between the Graneros Shale and overlying Greenhorn deposits. The upper Lincoln interval is characterized by frequent alternation of laminated shale and ripple-bedded calcarenite beds with associated high Corg values in the shale beds (&gt;2.0%) and lower Corg values in the calcarenite beds (&lt;1.0%). Faunal composition through this upper interval records development of the first typical Greenhorn biota in the calcarenite beds. In the upper interval, the interbedding of contrasting lithofacies and biofacies suggests a dynamic paleooceanographic system poised between a relatively quiet water, oxygen-deficient environment during shale deposition, and well-circulated, well-oxygenated benthic conditions during calcarenite deposition. The Lincoln Limestone Member thus represents one complete 4th order marine cycle within the Greenhorn Cyclothem beginning with lithofacies and biofacies characteristic of a stillstand event in the lower Lincoln interval, progressing to deposits characteristic of an overall transgressive pulse in the upper Lincoln interval.
Depositional Cycles in the Niobrara Formation, Colorado Front
Range
Authors: Barlow Lisa K. , Kauffman Erle G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
High-resolution event stratigraphy of the Niobrara Formation in Colorado at Pueblo and along the northern Colorado Front Range provides a more precise and detailed framework for correlation than traditional lithologic and biostratigraphic methods. Bentonites and shale-limestone bedding couplets can be successfully correlated regionally. The bedding couplets are believed to be reflective of Milankovitch-style climatic cycles. Difficulties in correlation of bedding couplets in the Fort Hays Limestone Member between Pueblo and the northern Front Range are attributed to disconformities within this member in the latter area. Detailed lithostratigraphic, paleoecologic and geochemical studies of the lower Niobrara Formation (Fort Hays Limestone Member, shale and limestone, lower shale and lower limestone units of the Smoky Hill Shale Member) show significant contrast in paleoecologic and geochemical data between the lower shale unit and bounding units. Decreased bioturbation and increased organic carbon content in the lower shale unit suggest a change in bottom water conditions from a well-oxygenated environment in the bounding units to poorly oxygenated and possibly intermittently anoxic environments during deposition of the lower shale unit. A negative excursion in oxygen isotopic values in the lower shale unit suggests a model of a brackish water cap and salinity stratified seaway which resulted in poor vertical mixing of the water column to explain the change in bottom water conditions. The observed change in bottom water environments can be placed in the context of transgressive-regressive (fourth-order) cycles which are superimposed on the third-order Niobrara marine cycle; early to middle transgression, as represented by the lower shale unit, is associated with poorly oxygenated to anoxic intervals.
Organic and Inorganic Constituents of the Niobrara Formation in Weld
County, Colorado
Authors: Precht Wi11iam F. , Pollastro Richard M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Detailed analyses of deeply-buried chalks from cores of both the Smoky Hill Chalk and Fort Hays Limestone Members of the Niobrara Formation were performed. The identified inorganic and organic constituents, and sedimentary structures helped to characterize the lithofacies, biofacies, burial diagenesis, bulk rock and clay mineralogies, and organic geochemistry of the Niobrara Formation in Weld County, Colorado.
Many depositional and diagenetic relationships are observed: 1) the chalks are comprised primarily of whole and fragmented coccoliths with subordinate planktonic foraminifera, inoceramid prisms, oysters, and other skeletal grains; 2) deposition was predominantly below wave-base in tens-to-hundreds of meters of water; 3) petrographic evidence supports the idea that subsequent burial, mechanical compaction, and pressure-solution (chemical solution-transfer) are the primary processes responsible for porosity reduction; 4) porosity of the chalk is inversely proportional to maximum depth of burial and to the amount of non-carbonate (acid-insoluble residue content) in the chalk; 5) total organic carbon content in the chalk is proportional to the amount of acid-insoluble residue and relative abundance of pyrite in the acid-insoluble fraction; and 6) mixed-layer illite/smectic clay as a geo-thermometer in bentonite beds from the Niobrara Formation indicate that these rocks are thermally mature with respect to oil generation.
Application of Pain Quantitative Analysis Device for Assessment of Postoperative Pain after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Mifune Yutaka , Inui Atsuyuki , Nagura Issei , Sakata Ryosuke , Muto Tomoyuki , Harada Yoshifumi , Takase Fumiaki , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kokubu Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

Purpose :
The PainVision™ system was recently developed for quantitative pain assessment. Here, we used this system to evaluate the effect of plexus brachialis block on postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Methods :
Fifty-five patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were included in this study. First 26 cases received no plexus brachialis block (control group), and the next 29 cases received the plexus brachialis block before surgery (block group). Patients completed the visual analog scale at 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after surgery, and the intensity of postoperative pain was assessed with PainVision™ at 16 hours. The postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents was also recorded.

Results :
The pain intensity at 16 hours after surgery assessed by PainVision™ was significantly lower in the block group than in the control group (block, 252.0 ± 47.8, control, 489.0 ± 89.1, P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in the VAS values at 16 hours between the 2 groups (block, 4.3 ± 0.6, control, 5.7 ± 0.4, P = N.S.). The pain intensity and VAS at 16 hours after surgery were highly correlated (r = 0.59, P = 0.006 in the block group and r = 0.62, P = 0.003 in the control group). The effect size of the assessment by PainVision™ was bigger than that of VAS (r=0.31 in VAS and 0.51 in Pain vision).

Conclusion :
The PainVision™ system could be useful to evaluate postoperative pain because it enables the quantification and comparison of pain intensity independent of individual pain thresholds.