bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in reference evapotranspiration across the Tibetan Plateau: Observations and future projections based on statistical downscaling
Authors: Wang Weiguang , Xing Wanqiu , Shao Quanxi , Yu Zhongbo , Peng Shizhang , Yang Tao , Yong Bin , Taylor John , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLong‐term changes in historical observations and future projections of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are of great importance in assessing the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrologic regime as well as water resources systems. In this study, with the aid of nonparametric trend analysis and geographic information system methods, spatial and seasonal patterns of changes in ET0 across the Tibetan Plateau (TP) were investigated using meteorological data of 81 stations for the period of 1961–2010. Almost half of all stations in the plateau, most of which were distributed in the north plateau, and the southwest and southeast corners, were characterized by decreasing trends in ET0 during 1961–2010 at both annual and seasonal scales. The temporal regional average series presented a zigzag increasing–decreasing–increasing pattern with two joint points in 1973 and 1993. The increasing vapor pressure deficit and air temperature dominated the increase in ET0 in the past two decades. The intrinsic mechanism term of hydrological feedback was attempted to be explored by examining the applicability of the Bouchet's hypothesis and Budyko‐type expressions in the TP. Complementary effect existed between potential evaporation and actual evapotranspiration, deviating from theoretic relationship of Bouchet's hypothesis. Water‐limited and energy‐limited evaporation patterns at mean annual scale can be described well by Budyko‐type expressions in the TP, especially Zhang's curve. Changing characteristics of the projected ET0 on the plateau during 2011–2100 from the HadCM3 (Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3) under A2 and B2 emission scenarios and CGCM3 (the third generation couple global climate model) under A2 and A1B emission scenarios were projected based on a statistical downscaling method (SDSM). The SDSM performed fairly well in reproducing ET0. The continuous increase in ET0 in the 21st century was revealed by both climate models. Concurrently, a larger increasing magnitude in ET0 was generally projected by HadCM3 compared with that by CGCM3. Spatially, projected annual ET0 changes under the different scenarios are similar with the increments in the north and southeast corners of the plateau and low increments over the southwest, northwest, and middle of the plateau. The results can provide beneficial reference to agriculture, water resource, and eco‐environment management strategies in the plateau region for associated policymakers and stakeholders.
Probabilistic assessment of cloud fraction using Bayesian blending of independent datasets: Feasibility study of a new method
Authors: Shen Samuel S.P. , Velado Max , Somerville Richard C. J. , Kooperman Gabriel J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe describe and evaluate a novel method to blend two observed cloud fraction (CF) datasets through Bayesian posterior estimation. The research reported here is a feasibility study designed to explore the method. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we illustrate the approach using specific observational datasets from the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains site in the central United States, but the method is quite general and is readily applicable to other datasets. The total sky image (TSI) camera observations are used to determine the prior distribution. A regression model and the active remote sensing of clouds (ARSCL) radar/lidar observations are used to determine the likelihood function. The posterior estimate is a probability density function (pdf) of the CF whose mean is taken to be the optimal blend of the two observations. The data at hourly, daily, 5‐day, monthly, and annual time scales are considered. Some physical and probabilistic properties of the CFs are explored from radar/lidar, camera, and satellite observations and from simulations using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5). Our results imply that (a) the Beta distribution is a reasonable model for CF for both short‐ and long‐time means, the 5‐day data are skewed right, and the annual data are almost normally distributed, and (b) the Bayesian method developed successfully yields a pdf of CF, rather than a deterministic CF value, and it is feasible to blend the TSI and ARSCL data with a capability for bias correction.
Is chlorophyll‐a the best surrogate for organic matter enrichment in submicron primary marine aerosol?
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo , Fuzzi Sandro , Decesari Stefano , Marullo Salvatore , Santoleri Rosalia , Provenzale Antonello , von Hardenberg Jost , Ceburnis Darius , Vaishya Aditya , O'Dowd Colin D. , Facchini Maria Cristina 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInitial efforts toward developing a combined organic‐inorganic sea spray source function parameterization for large‐scale models made use of chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and wind speed as input parameters to combine oceanic biology and atmospheric dynamics. These studies reported a modest correlation coefficient (0.55) between chlorophyll‐a and organic matter (OM) enrichment in sea spray, suggesting that chlorophyll‐a is only partially suitable for predicting organic enrichment. A reconstructed chlorophyll‐a field of the North Atlantic Ocean from GlobColour reveals an improved correlation of 0.72 between the fractional mass contribution of organics in sea spray and chlorophyll‐a concentration. A similar analysis, using colored dissolved and detrital organic material absorption and particulate organic carbon concentration, revealed slightly lower correlation coefficients (0.65 and 0.68). These results indicate that to date, chlorophyll‐a is the best biological surrogate for predicting sea spray organic enrichment. In fact, considering the minimal difference between the correlation coefficients obtained with the three ocean color products, there is no reason to substitute chlorophyll‐a, which is the most accurate parameter obtained from ocean color data, with other biological surrogates being generally affected by larger and less known errors. The observed time lag between chlorophyll‐a concentration and organic matter enrichment in aerosol suggests that biological processes in oceanic surface waters and their timescales should be considered when modeling the production of primary marine organic aerosol.
Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles basin: Weekday‐weekend effect
Authors: Warneke Carsten , de Gouw Joost A. , Edwards Peter M. , Holloway John S. , Gilman Jessica B. , Kuster William C. , Graus Martin , Atlas Elliot , Blake Don , Gentner Drew R. , Goldstein Allen H. , Harley Robert A. , Alvarez Sergio , Rappenglueck Bernhard , Trainer Michael , Parrish David D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) field study in May–June 2010, measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were performed in the Los Angeles (LA) basin onboard a NOAA research aircraft and at a ground site located in Pasadena. A weekday‐weekend effect in ozone, caused by lower NOx emissions due to reduced diesel truck traffic in the weekends, has been previously observed in Los Angeles and other cities. Measurements in the Caldecott tunnel show that emission ratios of VOCs do not vary with the day of the week, but measurements during CalNex2010 show a VOC weekday‐weekend effect through faster photochemical processing at lower ambient NOx mixing ratios. Ambient VOC enhancement ratios of long‐lived species such as benzene are the same between weekdays and weekends, whereas enhancement ratios of short‐lived species, such as trimethyl benzene, are up to a factor of three lower on weekends. Based upon the observed differences in VOC enhancement ratios to CO, we determine that photochemical processing was on average 65%–75% faster on weekends during CalNex2010, which indicates that ambient OH radical concentrations were larger by this factor causing the observed change in VOC composition. A box model calculation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was used to verify the increase in photochemical processing in the weekends.
Potassium management in rice–maize systems in South Asia
Authors: Timsina Jagadish , Kumar Singh Vinod , Majumdar Kaushik 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPotassium (K) availability in soils is largely governed by their mineralogical composition. The extent of weathering of primary K‐bearing minerals, the chemical pathways through which weathering takes place, as well as the dynamic equilibrium between various K fractions in soils are factors which determine different soil types of varying K‐supplying capacity. The marked variability of K availability in soils in South Asia needs to be taken into account when formulating K‐management strategies in intensive cereal‐based systems in response to K application. Evidence from long‐term fertilizer experiments in rice–rice (R‐R) or rice–wheat (R‐W) systems strongly indicates significant yield responses to K application and negative K balances where K application is either omitted or applied suboptimally. However, K‐fertilizer recommendations in South Asia are generalized over large areas while farmers neglect K application to crops and remove crop residues from fields. These practices may strongly affect yield and soil K‐fertility status in the emerging rice–maize (R‐M) systems in different locations of South Asia. The dry‐matter yield of the R‐M system is usually much higher than that of the R‐R or R‐W system causing high withdrawal of nutrients from the soil. The current review assesses various K forms and K availability in diverse soil types of South Asia supporting rice‐based systems. Aspects considered include: long‐term crop yield and its response to added nutrients, K balance for intensive rice‐based systems, and the role of crop residues in supplying K to crops. Emerging data from either completed or on‐going experiments on the R‐M systems in India and Bangladesh have revealed very high system productivity and variable responses and agronomic K‐use efficiency of maize and rice. Potassium responses of maize are extremely high and variable for soils in Bangladesh. Finally, a plant‐based strategy for field‐specific nutrient management is presented and the need for models and decision support systems for developing efficient K management of the R‐M system is also discussed.
Early Pleistocene palaeoenvironments at the time of the Homo antecessor settlement in the Gran Dolina cave (Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: BLAIN HUGUES‐ALEXANDRE , CUENCA‐BESCÓS GLORIA , BURJACHS FRANCESC , LÓPEZ‐GARCÍA JUAN MANUEL , LOZANO‐FERNÁNDEZ IVÁN , ROSELL JORDI 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHominin remains unearthed from level TD6‐2 of Gran Dolina have been dated to slightly more than 0.8 Ma. Owing to the importance of this discovery, every effort is being made to reconstruct the environment where these hominins once lived. In this paper, the mutual climatic range and habitat weighting methods are applied to the herpetofaunal assemblages in order to estimate climatic and environmental parameters. TD6‐2 is thus characterized by a warm and humid climate. Mean annual temperature is estimated at 2.1°C higher than at present in Burgos, with a greater increase in temperature during summer (+3.1°C) than during winter (+1.4°C). Rainfall was more abundant than at present (+407.2 mm), occurring as at present principally during spring and autumn. Humid meadows and riparian woody habitats were common. The association between warm climatic conditions and the not fully developed forest suggests that the several episodes of high‐intensity occupation in TD6‐2 may correspond to a recolonization by Homo antecessor of the high inland plateaus of the Iberian Peninsula from the Mediterranean seashore, using the Ebro valley as a savannah‐type corridor after a cold glacial period. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between polyphenol oxidase activity and nutrition, maturity and quality parameters in flat peach
Authors: Pascual Miquel , Villar Josep M , Lordan Joan , Fonseca Francisco , Falguera Víctor , Rufat Josep 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) is one of the main factors that determine postharvest stability and therefore commercial possibilities of peach orchards. Since the activity of this enzyme depends on several variables of different nature, stating the relationships among them is essential to manage crop inputs so as to achieve the desired quality.RESULTSMultivariate projection techniques were used to identify these relationships throughout on‐tree maturation in flat peach samples that had received different fertilisation doses, but harvested in equal conditions of soluble solids, fruit weight, diameter, firmness and skin and flesh colour. A relatively low fertilisation dose that was enough to avoid any lack of nutrients provided the lowest crop yield, but also with the lowest PPO activity. Fruit N/Ca ratio turned out to be a better indicator of PPO activity than isolated nitrogen or calcium content. Nutrient analyses on leaves did not have strong correlations with any significant parameter. The most useful variables to predict PPO activity before harvest were fruit firmness and skin colour, both of them read at the onset of on‐tree maturation.ConclusionHigh fertilisation doses resulted in greater yields, but also with higher PPO activity, which is detrimental for the commercial chances of the fruit. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Overexpression of RING box protein‐1 (RBX1) associated with poor prognosis of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Wei , Qiu Jianxin , Liu Zhihong , Zeng Yigang , Fan Jie , Liu Yong , Guo Yifeng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRING box protein‐1 (RBX1) is a key subunit of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp1/Cullin1/Rbx1/F‐box protein complex. Altered expression RBX1 is shown to associate with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This study detected RBX1 expression for association with clinical significance (such as clinicopathological data and survival of the patients) in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma (NMIBC).MethodsA total of 70 primary NMIBC tissue specimens and 24 normal tissue specimens were recruited and analyzed immunohistochemically for expression of RBX1 protein and associated with clinicopathological data and survival of the patients.ResultsRBX1 was highly expressed in NMIBC, but was lowly expressed in the normal tissue. RBX1 expression was associated with high tumor grade and advanced clinical stage (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, patients with high RBX1 expression had shorter recurrence‐free survival and progression‐free survival rates (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RBX1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence and progression of NMIBC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOverexpression of RBX1 protein contributes to tumor progression and poor prognosis of NMIBC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:758–761. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Celebrity Scandal Fallout: How Attribution Style Can Protect the Sponsor
Authors: Um Nam‐Hyun 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAn attribution is an inference about why an event occurred or about a person's disposition or other psychological state. This study is designed to examine the effects of consumers’ attribution styles (i.e., dispositional and situational) and moderating role of celebrity identification and brand commitment in the evaluation of negative information about a celebrity endorser. The study finds that people who make dispositional attributions judge the endorsed brand more negatively than do those who make situational attributions. The findings also suggest that consumers with a higher level of identification with the celebrity are less likely to react negatively to the bad publicity. Finally, the study found that, when faced with a celebrity scandal, people with high brand commitment showed more favorable attitudes toward the brand as well as higher purchase intention than those with low brand commitment.
A New Type of Thermoresponsive Copolymer with UCST‐Type Transitions in Water: Poly(N‐vinylimidazole‐co‐1‐vinyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)imidazole)
Authors: Meiswinkel Georg , Ritter Helmut 
Published: April 2013

Abstract1‐Vinyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)imidazole (2) is synthesized by a procedure described in the literature. Corresponding copolymers with upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type transitions in water and high‐glass transition temperatures (Tg) are prepared by free radical copolymerization with N‐vinylimidazole (1). Depending on the copolymer composition, the cloud point can be varied between 19 and 41 °C. As the copolymer composition is identical with the monomer feed ratio, the cloud point can be easily tuned in the desired range. Furthermore, a distinctive pH‐dependence and salt effect can be observed.magnified image
A cost‐effective approach for rapid manufacturing a low pressure wax injection mold with high surface finish and high dimensional accuracy
Authors: Kuo C.‐C. , Su S.‐J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvestment casting process is considered as an economic method for mass production of metal parts. Improvement of mold surface quality and geometric accuracy in the fused deposition rapid tooling is a major concern. In this paper, a new technique is proposed for rapid manufacturing a low pressure wax injection mold with high surface finish and high dimensional accuracy. Wax patterns produced from this mold have not only better dimensional accuracy but also better surface finish. The average relative error of dimension of wax patterns can be reduced from 1.76% to 0.66%. Surface roughness improvement rate of wax patterns of up to 85.71% can be achieved. Advantages of this technique include low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing process and flexible process capability.
Capturing protein sequence–structure specificity using computational sequence design
Authors: Mach Paul , Koehl Patrice 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIt is well known that protein fold recognition can be greatly improved if models for the underlying evolution history of the folds are taken into account. The improvement, however, exists only if such evolutionary information is available. To circumvent this limitation for protein families that only have a small number of representatives in current sequence databases, we follow an alternate approach in which the benefits of including evolutionary information can be recreated by using sequences generated by computational protein design algorithms. We explore this strategy on a large database of protein templates with 1747 members from different protein families. An automated method is used to design sequences for these templates. We use the backbones from the experimental structures as fixed templates, thread sequences on these backbones using a self‐consistent mean field approach, and score the fitness of the corresponding models using a semi‐empirical physical potential. Sequences designed for one template are translated into a hidden Markov model‐based profile. We describe the implementation of this method, the optimization of its parameters, and its performance. When the native sequences of the protein templates were tested against the library of these profiles, the class, fold, and family memberships of a large majority (>90%) of these sequences were correctly recognized for an E‐value threshold of 1. In contrast, when homologous sequences were tested against the same library, a much smaller fraction (35%) of sequences were recognized; The structural classification of protein families corresponding to these sequences, however, are correctly recognized (with an accuracy of >88%). Proteins 2013; © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Field and numerical determinations of pneumatic flow parameters of unsaturated fractured porous rocks on various scales
Authors: Guillon S. , Vu M. T. , Pili E. , Adler P. M. 
Published: April 2013

Key Points
Comparison of pneumatic injection tests and pressure fluctuation monitoring
Interpretation of field data with 3D numerical simulations
Influence of fracture density and size of tested volume on air permeability
Activities of Daily Living and Health
Authors: Füzéki Eszter , Banzer Winfried 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Activities of daily living, such as household, gardening, stair climbing, walking and cycling are now acknowledged as a major health resource, and explicitly advocated by many health authorities. Of activities of daily living, walking has received by far the most scientific interest both in prevention and therapy of chronic diseases. A considerable body of scientific evidence suggests that activities of daily living yield health benefits meaningful at the public health level. Promotion of these activities might be a promising way to improve health in unfit and elderly population disinclined to exercise.
Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit
Authors: Manz Kristin , Krug Susanne 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Die positiven Effekte körperlicher Aktivität auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit sind unumstritten. Ergebnisse bundesweiter Surveys des Robert Koch-Instituts zeigen, dass allerdings nur ein geringer Anteil der erwachsenen und jugendlichen Bevölkerung aktuelle Bewegungsempfehlungen erreicht und jedes vierte Kind sportlich inaktiv ist. Zur Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität sollten zukünftig evaluierte Maßnahmen, die verhaltens- und verhältnispräventive Ansätze beinhalten, etabliert werden.
Bewegung in der Rehabilitation – ICF-Bezug, Kompetenzorientierung, Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Sudeck Gorden , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Besonderes Potenzial von Bewegungstherapie liegt darin, über den meist kurzen Interventionsrahmen auf somatischer Ebene hinaus, eine Änderung des Bewegungsverhaltens zu erzielen. Verhaltensbezogene Bewegungstherapie adressiert den Aufbau bewegungsbezogener Gesundheitskompetenz, die als personale Ressource für alltägliche Bewegungsanforderungen, für eigenständige gesundheitsförderliche körperliche Aktivität sowie zur Bewältigung von Gesundheitsstörungen bzw. Erkrankungen verstanden wird.
Global Advocacy for Physical Activity
Authors: Titze Sylvia , Oja Pekka 
Published: April 2013

Summary
The Global Advocacy for Physical Activity (GAPA) is an Advocacy Council of the International Society of Physical Activity and Health. GAPA's aim is to increase physical activity globally. GAPA like other global advocacy boards develop documents - e.g. The Toronto Charter - and other measures to inform which principles and action areas should be taken into account to influence and unite decision makers in order to successfully increase health-enhancing behaviors on a population level.
Einfluss des Wohnumfeldes auf die körperliche Aktivität
Authors: Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit 
Published: April 2013

Einleitung
Um Bewegungsmangel entgegenzuwirken, folgten bisher die meisten Bewegungsinterventionen kognitiv-verhaltensorientierten Ansätzen, die allerdings zusammenfassend betrachtet nicht substanziell zu einem langfristigen und nachhaltigen Effekt der erfolgreichen Bewegungsförderung beitragen konnten. In diesem Zuge ist der Einbezug der Wohnumwelt als möglicher Einflussfaktor auf das Bewegungsverhalten jüngst in den Blickpunkt der Forschung gerückt und wird nachstehend für den Erwachsenenbereich näher beleuchtet.