bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentafluorobenzoato‐dimolybdenum(II) Solvate and Co‐crystal Complexes with Benzene and Naphthalin
Authors: Han Li‐Juan , Kong Ya‐Jie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe quadruply bonded Mo24+ complex Mo2(DAniF)3(OOCC6F5) (1) [DAniF = N,N′‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)formamidinate] was synthesized. The solvate Mo2(DAniF)3(OOCC6F5)·(C6H6) (2) and co‐crystal Mo2(DAniF)3(OOCC6F5)·(C10H8) (3) complexes were obtained by self‐assembly of crystals of 1 with benzene and naphthalin, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In monomer 1, the Mo–Mo bond length of 2.0874(6) Å is typical for dimolybdenum quadruple bonds. The solvate complex 2 was stabilized by weak π–π stacking interactions between the benzene molecule and the pentafluorophenyl ring (as indicated by a center‐to‐center distance of 3.838(10) Å and a center‐to‐plane distance of 3.712(4) Å between phenyl and pentafluorophenyl ring) and intermolecular C–H···F–C interactions (the shortest F···H distance is 2.560(2) Å). In complex 3, a one‐dimensional chain was formed by C–H···F–C interactions between the hydrogen atoms in naphthalin and the fluorine atoms in the monomer (H···F distances of 2.582(2) Å). Information on the structures in solution of the three crystals was obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
First Order Dominance Analysis: Child Wellbeing in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Nanivazo Malokele 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper performs a multidimensional first order dominance analysis of child wellbeing in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This methodology allows the ordinal ranking of the 11 provinces of the DRC in terms of their wellbeing based upon the probability of their domination. This empirical application obviates the need to adopt a weighting scheme for the deprivation indicators or to rely on the signs of other cross-derivatives for comparison. We execute a bootstrap linear programming algorithm on seven deprivation indicators for three age groups of children derived from the DRC 2007 Standard Demographic and Health Survey. The results reveal widespread disparities in child wellbeing in the DRC.
Depth Dependence of Nanoindentation Pile-Up Patterns in Copper Single Crystals
Authors: Kucharski Stanisław , Jarząbek Dariusz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A study of the dependence of nanoindentation pile-up patterns on the indentation load and crystallographic orientation is presented. Three different orientations—(001), (011), and (111)—of single crystal copper were investigated. Experiments were conducted on a CSM ultra-nanoindentation tester using a Berkovich tip. The topographic images were obtained using an atomic force microscope. The evolution of pile-up patterns with different applied loads was observed. The results show that for applied loads equal to 0.45 mN and smaller the pile-up patterns do not depend on the crystallographic orientation of the indented surface; instead, they depend on the tip’s geometry. On the other hand, in the case of indentation loads bigger than 2 mN, pile-up patterns on the surfaces of (001)-, (011)-, and (111)-oriented single crystals have fourfold, twofold, and sixfold (or threefold) symmetry, respectively. An intermediate state was also reported. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of residual impressions with maximal applied loads equal to 2 mN and bigger reveals that both pile-up and sink-in patterns are present.
Antioxidant Activity of Amaranth Protein Hydrolysate Against Thermal Oxidation of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Tironi Valeria A. , Añón María C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe antioxidant capacity of amaranth protein hydrolysate (AH) during the thermally induced oxidation of two different vegetable oils, sunflower oil (SO) and canola oil (CO), was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry by means of isothermal and non‐isothermal assays. Interactions between AH and tocopherols were also analyzed. In both oils, AH (10 % w/w) produced an increase in the induction period in isothermal assays, presenting a synergistic effect with tocopherols. In the case of non‐isothermal assays, thermograms of oils with AH showed a significant diminution in the second exothermic peak, suggesting an inhibition of the decomposition of primary to secondary oxidation products. In addition, AH produced an increase in the oxidation rate constant (k) value at low temperatures being more evident in the case of canola oil. However, this effect decreased as a function of the temperature increase, which suggests that AH would have a pro‐oxidant effect at low temperatures but a heat stabilizing effect at high temperatures (above 210 °C for SO and 190 °C for CO).
Power Outages, Power Externalities, and Baby Booms
Authors: Burlando Alfredo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Determining whether power outages have significant fertility effects is an important policy question in developing countries, where blackouts are common and modern forms of family planning are scarce. Using birth records from Zanzibar, this study shows that a month-long blackout in 2008 caused a significant increase in the number of births 8 to 10 months later. The increase was similar across villages that had electricity, regardless of the level of electrification; villages with no electricity connections saw no changes in birth numbers. The large fertility increase in communities with very low levels of electricity suggests that the outage affected the fertility of households not connected to the grid through some spillover effect. Whether the baby boom is likely to translate to a permanent increase in the population remains unclear, but this article highlights an important hidden consequence of power instability in developing countries. It also suggests that electricity imposes significant externality effects on rural populations that have little exposure to it.
Directing mouse embryonic neurosphere differentiation toward an enriched neuronal population
Authors: Torrado Ema F. , Gomes Cátia , Santos Gisela , Fernandes Adelaide , Brites Dora , Falcão Ana S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSC) are self‐renewing multipotent cells that have emerged as a powerful tool to repair the injured brain. These cells can be cultured as neurospheres, which are floating aggregates of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Despite their high clonal expansion capacity, it has been suggested that in neurospheres, only a small percentage of cells are capable of proliferation and that this system is not efficient in terms of neurogenic competence. Thus, our aim was to develop a neurosphere culture method with a highly proliferative stem/progenitor cell population and particularly with a prominent neurogenic potential, surpassing some of the claimed weaknesses of the neurosphere assay. In our model, mouse neurospheres were harvested from neural tissue at E15 and after only 4 days in vitro (DIV), we have achieved highly proliferative primary neurospheres (81% Sox2 and 76% Ki67 positive cells) and a rather low number of cells expressing glial and neuronal markers (∼10%). After inducing differentiation, we have attained an enriched neuronal population (45% β‐III‐tubulin positive cells at 15 DIV). Using a simple methodology, we have developed a NSPC model that can provide a valuable source of neuronal precursors, thus offering a potential starting point for cell replacement therapies following CNS injury.
Aggregate effects of vascular risk factors on cerebrovascular changes in autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bangen Katherine J. , Nation Daniel A. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Weissberger Gali H. , Hansen Lawrence A. , Galasko Douglas R. , Salmon David P. , Bondi Mark W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examined the relationships of antemortem vascular risk factors to postmortem cerebrovascular and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies. Eighty‐four AD patients underwent an assessment of vascular risk (blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, transient ischemic attack [TIA], or stroke) and later underwent brain autopsy. Given our aim to examine mild cerebrovascular changes (CVCs), individuals were excluded if autopsy revealed large stroke. The most common forms of CVC were circle of Willis atherosclerosis followed by arteriosclerosis, lacunes, and microinfarcts. Excluding the history of TIA/clinical stroke, individual vascular risk factors were not associated with CVC. However, the presence of multiple vascular risk factors was associated with CVC. Furthermore, the presence of CVC was associated with lower Braak and Braak stage. These findings highlight the importance of aggregate risk in the vascular contribution to dementia. Interventions designed to maintain cerebrovascular health may represent important opportunities for preventing or delaying dementia, even when AD is the dominant pathology.
Development of a straightforward and sensitive scale for MCI and early AD clinical trials
Authors: Huang Yifan , Ito Kaori , Billing Clare B. , Anziano Richard J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale‐Sum of Boxes score (CDR‐SB) is a widely accepted and commonly used global scale, validated clinical endpoints of cognitive changes are unavailable in the predementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a new clinical assessment with reliability and sensitivity is needed in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) population.MethodsUsing Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)‐1/GO data, signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) were calculated to quantify the sensitivity of a measure for detecting disease progression and hypothetical treatment effects. All possible combinations of selected sensitive measures were assessed for developing composite scores. The analyses were performed in the MCI population and subpopulations enriched by apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4), hippocampal volume, and cerebrospinal fluid β‐amyloid.ResultsThe best composite score was “Word Recall + Delayed Word Recall + Orientation + CDR‐SB + FAQ”, more sensitive than 13‐item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale or CDR‐SB.ConclusionThe proposed composite score derived from the existing clinical endpoints demonstrated higher sensitivity in the MCI population and is easy to implement and standardize across studies.
Plasma β‐amyloid 40 levels are positively associated with mortality risks in the elderly
Authors: Gabelle Audrey , Schraen Susanna , Gutierrez Laure‐Anne , Pays Cecile , Rouaud Olivier , Buée Luc , Touchon Jacques , Helmer Catherine , Lambert Jean‐Charles , Berr Claudine 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated if plasma β‐amyloid (Aβ) levels were associated with mortality risks in a subsample of the French Three‐City (3C) prospective cohort study.MethodsAnalyses were based on 1254 participants randomly selected from the initial 3C cohort stratified by center, sex, and age in the context of a nested case‐cohort study to investigate biological variables. Associations between plasma Aβ and mortality were assessed with the Cox regression model with delayed entry including various potential confounding factors and testing possible mediators.ResultsA relationship between high plasma Aβ1‐40 concentrations and risk of mortality (hazards ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.31, P = .03) was unveiled independently of age, educational level, vascular risk factors, diet, physical activity, cognitive impairment, or frailty status. It was only modified when we included cystatin C levels.ConclusionsFurther investigations are needed to determine precisely the pathophysiological roles of plasma Aβ1‐40 and cystatin C and before envisioning any future clinical applications.
Do NIA‐AA criteria distinguish Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia?
Authors: Harris Jennifer M. , Thompson Jennifer C. , Gall Claire , Richardson Anna M.T. , Neary David , du Plessis Daniel , Pal Piyali , Mann David M.A. , Snowden Julie S. , Jones Matthew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundClinical criteria are important for improving diagnostic accuracy and ensuring comparability of patient cohorts in research studies.ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia in AD and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).MethodsTwo hundred twelve consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed AD or FTLD who were clinically assessed in a specialist cognitive unit were identified. Fifty‐five patients were excluded predominantly because of insufficient clinical information. Anonymized clinical data were rated against the NIA‐AA criteria by raters who were blinded to clinical and pathologic diagnosis.ResultsThe NIA‐AA AD dementia criteria had a sensitivity of 65.6% for probable and 79.5% for possible AD and a specificity of 95.2% and 94.0% for probable and possible, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with FTLD and predominantly early‐onset AD, the NIA‐AA AD dementia criteria have high specificity but lower sensitivity. The high specificity is due to the broad exclusion criteria.
Mapping of ventricular tachycardia in patients with structural heart disease
Authors: Mizuno Hiroya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCatheter ablation is now recognized as one of the potent options to reduce the number of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock therapies by modifying arrhythmic substrate in patients affected by ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, operators often face some difficulties during mapping and ablation procedure of VT; unstable VT makes it difficult to create activation map, the thick ventricular myocardium yields complex tachycardia circuit, and endocardial radiofrequency (RF) energy application hardly creates transmural lesion. Thus some novel approaches are required to improve outcome of VT ablation. Substrate mapping aiming low voltage or abnormal fragmented potential could identify the critical slow conduction area during sinus rhythm and define the target of RF delivery. CT and MRI image integrated to electroanatomical mapping (EAM) system also could help to find diseased myocardium.In this article focused on VT mapping procedure, conventional and novel mapping technique as well as some technical tips should be reviewed comprehensively.
How can Common Rational Capacities Confirm the Correctness of the Deduction in Groundwork III—and Why does it Matter?
Authors: Sticker Martin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractKant claims in Groundwork IV:454 that the correctness of his complex philosophical deduction is confirmed by the ‘practical use of common human reason’. My paper discusses how this confirmation is possible, and why it is important for Kant’s project in the Groundwork. I argue that agents without philosophical training consider an intelligible standpoint, which is one of the central elements of the deduction, to be possible (i), that they take up this standpoint insofar as they reason under the idea of freedom (ii), and that they can be brought to acknowledge the higher normative authority of this standpoint (iii). Kant’s complex deduction is not alien to common agents insofar as it spells out these three elements of our ordinary understanding of metaphysics, agency, and morality. I conclude that the confirmation of the deduction by common human reason shows that even the content of Groundwork III can become popular, and can serve to inform and direct moral education and moral improvement.
Experimental investigation of flow development and gap vortex street in an eccentric annular channel. Part 1. Overview of the flow structure
Authors: Choueiri George H. , Tavoularis Stavros 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFlow visualization, laser Doppler velocimetry and planar and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry were used to investigate the isothermal velocity field along an eccentric annular channel with a diameter ratio of 0.5 and an eccentricity of 0.8 for a Reynolds number of 7300. Observation of the flow development has identified three distinct regions: the entrance region, the fluctuation-growth (FG) region and the rapid-mixing (RM) region. Weak quasi-periodic velocity fluctuations were first detected in the downstream part of the entrance region, and grew into very strong ones, reaching peak-to-peak amplitudes in the narrow gap that were nearly 60 % of the bulk velocity. Two mixing layers were identified on either side of the gap, which generated a street of counter rotating vortices and thorough large-scale mixing of the fluid in the channel.
Low-level seaweed supplementation improves iodine status in iodine-insufficient women
Authors: Combet Emilie , Ma Zheng Feei , Cousins Frances , Thompson Brett , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: July 2014

Iodine insufficiency is now a prominent issue in the UK and other European countries due to low intakes of dairy products and seafood (especially where iodine fortification is not in place). In the present study, we tested a commercially available encapsulated edible seaweed (Napiers Hebridean Seagreens®Ascophyllum nodosumspecies) for its acceptability to consumers and iodine bioavailability and investigated the impact of a 2-week daily seaweed supplementation on iodine concentrations and thyroid function. Healthy non-pregnant women of childbearing age, self-reporting low dairy product and seafood consumption, with no history of thyroid or gastrointestinal disease were recruited. Seaweed iodine (712 μg, in 1 g seaweed) was modestly bioavailable at 33 (interquartile range (IQR) 28–46) % of the ingested iodine dose compared with 59 (IQR 46–74) % of iodine from the KI supplement (n22). After supplement ingestion (2 weeks, 0·5 g seaweed daily,n42), urinary iodine excretion increased from 78 (IQR 39–114) to 140 (IQR 103–195) μg/l (P< 0·001). The concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone increased from 1·5 (IQR 1·2–2·2) to 2·1 (IQR 1·3–2·9) mIU/l (P< 0·001), with two participants having concentrations exceeding the normal range after supplement ingestion (but normal free thyroxine concentrations). There was no change in the concentrations of other thyroid hormones after supplement ingestion. The seaweed was palatable and acceptable to consumers as a whole food or as a food ingredient and effective as a source of iodine in an iodine-insufficient population. In conclusion, seaweed inclusion in staple foods would serve as an alternative to fortification of salt or other foods with KI.
Heterogeneous associations of insoluble dietary fibre intake with subsequent glycosylated Hb levels among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Tan Ziwen , Ruan Xiaonan , Chen Yue , Jiang Junyi , Zhou Yi , Qiu Hua , Qin Guoyou , Xu Wang Hong 
Published: July 2014

Dietary fibre intake has been suggested to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, particularly when glycosylated Hb (HbA1c) levels are high. In the present study, we used a quantile regression (QR) approach to characterise the possible heterogeneous associations of dietary fibre intake with HbA1c levels in Chinese diabetic patients. A total of 497 diabetic patients participated in the baseline survey in 2006 and in the follow-up survey in 2011, both of which were conducted in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China. Structured in-person interviews were conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Blood samples were collected during the interviews for biochemical assays. QR models were used to examine the heterogeneous associations of dietary factors with HbA1c levels. A significant marginal association of insoluble dietary fibre intake with subsequent HbA1c levels was observed only when the HbA1c level was over 6·8 %. The associations appeared to be greater when the quantile levels of HbA1c were higher. The coefficient estimates were − 0·174 (95 % CI − 0·433, − 0·025) at the quantile of 0·60, − 0·200 (95 % CI − 0·306, − 0·008) at 0·70, − 0·221 (95 % CI − 0·426, − 0·117) at 0·80, and − 0·389 (95 % CI − 0·516, − 0·018) at 0·90. A similar pattern was observed for the associations of dietary glycaemic index (GI) value with HbA1c levels. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the associations of insoluble dietary fibre intake and GI value with subsequent HbA1c levels depend on glycaemic control status in Chinese diabetic patients. More studies are required to confirm our findings.
The late-surviving ‘duck-billed’ dinosaur Augustynolophus from the upper Maastrichtian of western North America and crest evolution in Saurolophini
Authors: PRIETO-MÁRQUEZ ALBERT , WAGNER JONATHAN R. , BELL PHIL R. , CHIAPPE LUIS M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe amend the taxonomy and provide new anatomical information on the hadrosaurid dinosaur Saurolophus morrisi (upper Maastrichtian Moreno Formation, central California, USA) derived from full preparation of the referred skull roof. The cranial morphology of this species is distinct enough to justify the new combination Augustynolophus morrisi gen. nov. The morphology of the nasals and surrounding cranial bones indicates that A. morrisi sported a solid nasal crest ending in an elongate triangular plate that extended above the skull roof. Autapomorphies include a crescentic base of the frontal caudodorsal process and extension of the process caudal to the frontal ‘dome’; distal end of nasal crest with knob-like process inflected rostrally; circumnarial depression lightly incised and weakly emarginated, adjacent to caudolateral margin of nasal and occupying two-thirds the width of lateral surface of distal region of crest; and caudal surface of distal nasal crest subrectangular. We formally establish the new tribe Saurolophini consisting of Prosaurolophus, Augustynolophus and Saurolophus. Saurolophin synapomorphies include a premaxilla with broad arcuate contour of rostrolateral region of thin everted oral margin and flat and steeply inclined occlusal surface of dentary dental battery, among other characters. Saurolophin crests evolved towards increasing caudodorsal length, along with caudal extension of the circumnarial fossa and involvement into the crest of adjacent facial elements. Augustynolophus is the second described genus of North American late Maastrichtian hadrosaurids. Its recognition implies a greater diversity among late Maastrichtian dinosaur faunas than previously recognized and is congruent with hypotheses of endemism and/or provinciality during Late Cretaceous time.
Helminth parasites in the endangered Ethiopian wolf,Canis simensis
Authors: van Kesteren F. , Piggott K.J. , Bengui T. , Kubri S.B. , Mastin A. , Sillero-Zubiri C. , Paris M. , Millar R.P. , Macdonald D.W. , Shiferaw F. , Craig P.S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEthiopian wolves,Canis simensis, are an endangered carnivore endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. Although previous studies have focused on aspects of Ethiopian wolf biology, including diet, territoriality, reproduction and infectious diseases such as rabies, little is known of their helminth parasites. In the current study, faecal samples were collected from 94 wild Ethiopian wolves in the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia, between August 2008 and February 2010, and were screened for the presence of helminth eggs using a semi-quantitative volumetric dilution method with microscopy. We found that 66 of the 94 faecal samples (70.2%) contained eggs from at least one group of helminths, includingCapillaria,Toxocara,Trichuris, ancylostomatids,Hymenolepisand taeniids. Eggs ofCapillariasp. were found most commonly, followed byTrichurissp., ancylostomatid species andToxocaraspecies. Three samples containedHymenolepissp. eggs, which were likely artefacts from ingested prey species. Four samples contained taeniid eggs, one of which was copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) and sequence positive forEchinococcus granulosus, suggesting a spillover from a domestic parasite cycle into this wildlife species. Associations between presence/absence ofCapillaria,ToxocaraandTrichuriseggs were found; and egg burdens ofToxocaraand ancylostomatids were found to be associated with geographical location and sampling season.