bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of fibroblast growth factor 19 concentrations between dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles
Authors: Truong Vy Ngoc Yen , Liu Chin‐Chi , Myers Jillian , Miller Mayzie , Yang Amanda , Lee Jeongha , Welborn Nancy , Johnston Andrea N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an enterohepatic hormone the synthesis of which is stimulated by bile acid activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in ileal enterocytes. Increased production of FGF19 downregulates hepatocyte bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis, while concurrently upregulating hepatocyte glycogenesis and gallbladder (GB) filling. The physiologic impact of this regulatory cycle is illustrated in cholecystectomized humans, in whom the disturbed meal‐related flux of GB bile decreases serum FGF19 concentrations.ObjectiveDetermine if serum FGF19 concentrations are lower in dogs with clinical GB mucoceles (GBMs) than in control dogs.AnimalsSeven dogs with GBM diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography, biochemical markers, and GB histopathology. Forty‐two control dogs without gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary disorders also were evaluated. Health status of controls was assessed by physical examination and diagnostic hematologic and biochemical test results.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study to compare fasting plasma or serum FGF19 concentrations between groups. Concentrations of FGF19 were quantified by a commercially available FGF19 ELISA.ResultsConcentrations of FGF19 were significantly lower in dogs with clinical GBM (median, 14.0 pg/mL; range, 12.8‐67.2) than in control dogs (median, 145.3 pg/mL; range, 36.5‐285.1).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn dogs, GBM is associated with significantly decreased serum FGF19 concentrations. We speculate that this finding reflects compromised GB contraction and decreased enterohepatic circulation of bile flow. Subnormal FGF19 concentrations may influence bile acid synthesis and hepatic metabolism.
Overcoming barriers and improving outcomes: teachers' perspectives on using narrative videogames to teach literacy/English
Authors: Aggleton Jen , Mannard Emily , Aljanahi Mona Humaid , Ehret Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch strongly supports the use of narrative videogames in the literacy/English classroom. However, for many teachers, incorporating videogames into their teaching practice is highly challenging. This article offers new insights into the potential of videogames as a pedagogical tool for literacy/English by exploring the barriers that teachers face when teaching with videogames, identifying how these barriers might be overcome and assessing whether the benefits of narrative videogames outweigh the practical difficulties of using them in the classroom. This participatory multiple‐case study explores the experiences of six teachers, working in a range of contexts, who each undertook an action research project to assess the barriers to and benefits of teaching literacy/English with narrative videogames. The findings show that although the participants faced barriers related to practical considerations, game choice, pedagogical knowledge and negative attitudes, almost all barriers could be overcome, and the benefits of learning far outweighed the difficulties faced. This article offers a new model for how to overcome barriers to using videogames to teach literacy/English and makes recommendations for both educational practice and the games industry.
High histamine levels are associated with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and liver‐related death in patients with advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Schwarz Michael , Simbrunner Benedikt , Jachs Mathias , Hartl Lukas , Balcar Lorenz , Bauer David J. M. , Semmler Georg , Hofer Benedikt S. , Scheiner Bernhard , Pinter Matthias , Stättermayer Albert F. , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas , Mandorfer Mattias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe role of histamine in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) is poorly understood. We investigated plasma histamine levels across ACLD stages and their prognostic value.MethodsWe included patients with evidence of ACLD, defined by portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥6 mmHg) and/or a liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography ≥10 kPa, who underwent HVPG measurement between 2017 and 2020. Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and/or liver‐related death were defined as composite endpoint.ResultsOf 251 patients, 82.5% had clinically significant portal hypertension (median HVPG: 17 mmHg [interquartile range (IQR) 12–21]) and 135 patients (53.8%) were decompensated at baseline.Median plasma histamine was 8.5 nmol/L (IQR: 6.4–11.5), 37.1% of patients showed elevated values (>9.9 nmol/L). Histamine levels did not differ significantly across Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) stages nor strata of model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) or HVPG. Histamine levels correlated with markers of circulatory dysfunction (i.e. sodium, renin and aldosterone).During a median follow‐up of 29.2 months, 68 patients developed ACLF or liver‐related death. In univariate as well as in multivariate analysis (adjusting for age, sex, HVPG as well as either MELD, clinical stage, and serum albumin or CTP and serum sodium), elevated histamine levels remained associated with the composite endpoint. CTP‐based multivariate model adjusted sub‐distribution hazard ratio (asHR): 1.010 (95% CI: 1.004–1.021), p < .001; MELD‐based multivariate model asHR: 1.030 (95% CI: 1.017–1.040), p < .001.ConclusionHigh levels of histamine were linked to circulatory dysfunction in ACLD patients and independently associated with increased risks of ACLF or liver‐related death. Further mechanistic studies on the link between histamine signalling and development of hyperdynamic circulation and ACLF are warranted.
What is the influence of maternal weight gain in different gestational clinical conditions on the prole weight in pre‐school age?
Authors: Mariot Márcia Dornelles Machado , Kretzer Daniela Cortés , Becker Patrícia Cemin , Nunes Isadora Musse , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , da Silva Clécio Homrich 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to assess the influence of maternal weight gain in different clinical gestational conditions on the child's weight at pre‐school age. This was a longitudinal observational study of a prospective and controlled multiple cohort of 372 mother–child pairs with four causal groups of different adverse intrauterine environments (smoking, diabetic, hypertensive and intrauterine growth‐restricted pregnant women) and a control group, in the period of, from 2011 to 2016 in three hospitals in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Sociodemographic, prenatal and perinatal data were analysed. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was categorised as ‘insufficient’, ‘adequate’ and ‘excessive’. The generalised estimation equations (GEE) model was used to assess changes in the z‐score of the child's body mass index from birth to pre‐school age according to the GWG and gestational group. The child's GWG and weight gain were adjusted for maternal age and education, marital status, family income, pregnancy planning, number of children, prepregnancy BMI, prenatal consultations and type of delivery. A triple interaction effect was observed involving the gestational group, weight gain and study time (p = 0.020) through an adjusted model. Maternal weight gain above the recommended is associated with a significant increase in the child's z − BMI score over time, except for children from pregnant smokers. Children from diabetic mothers , hypertensive mothers and the control group who had a weight gain above that recommended during pregnancy changed their nutritional status from eutrophic to overweight, becoming obese in the DM and hypertension groups and overweight in control. Monitoring of the GWG, especially in the presence of hypertensive diseases and DM, should be effective to prevent children from developing overweight or obesity in pre‐school age with an important impact on health conditions in the future.
Explaining change in linguistic voting: The case of Catalonia
Authors: Orriols Lluis , Simón Pablo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the evolving impact of linguistic voting and its relationship with values and preferences in Catalonia. Our central argument posits that both bottom‐up and top‐down dynamics serve as complementary and interactive explanations for ethnolinguistic voting. On the one hand, it could be expected that, over time, the influence of language on party choice would diminish as Catalan became more widespread among the population. On the other, we expect polarisation to push in the opposite direction, increasing the significance of language in party voting through national identity, strategically activated by political elites. We empirically demonstrate that language has remained a strong predictor of the nationalist vote using data on regional elections in Catalonia from the Center for Sociological Research (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, CIS). We show that a key mechanism accounting for this relates to parties' strategies to shape the linkage between language and identity, thereby polarising the political competition.
Deep learning radiomics based on ultrasound images for the assisted diagnosis of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tian Shuyuan , Yu Yonghong , Shi Kangjian , Jiang Yunwen , Song Huachun , Wang Yuting , Yan Xiaoqian , Zhong Yu , Shao Guoliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the value of ultrasound (US) images in chronic kidney disease (CKD) screening by constructing a CKD screening model based on grey‐scale US images.MethodsAccording to the CKD diagnostic criteria, 1049 patients from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province were retrospectively enrolled in the study. A total of 4365 renal US images were collected from these patients. Convolutional neural networks were used for feature extractions and a screening model was constructed by fusing ResNet34 and texture features to identify CKD and its stage. A comparative analysis was performed to compare the diagnosis results of the model with physicians.ResultsWhen diagnosing CKD or non‐CKD, the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our model was 0.918 and that of the senior physician group was 0.869 (p < .05). For the diagnosis of CKD stage, the AUC of our model for CKD G1–G3 was 0.781, 0.880, and 0.905, respectively, while the AUC of the senior physician group for CKD G1–G3 was 0.506, 0.586, and 0.796, respectively; all differences were statistically significant (p < .05). The diagnostic efficiency of our model for CKD G4 and G5 reached the level of the senior physicians group. Specifically, the AUC of our model for CKD G4‐G5 was 0.867 and 0.931, respectively, while the AUC of the senior physician group for CKD G4‐G5 was 0.838 and 0.963, respectively (all p > .05).ConclusionsOur deep learning radiomics model is more effective than senior physicians in the diagnosis of early CKD.image
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and POPEYE (PYE) regulate intercellular iron transport in plants
Authors: Mankotia Samriti , Dubey Abhishek , Jakhar Pooja , Shikha Deep , Koolath Varsha , Kumar Ankit , Satbhai Santosh B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlants maintain iron (Fe) homeostasis under varying environmental conditions by balancing processes such as Fe uptake, transport and storage. In Arabidopsis, POPEYE (PYE), a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor (TF), has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating this balance. In recent years, the mechanisms regulating Fe uptake have been well established but the upstream transcriptional regulators of Fe transport and storage are still poorly understood. In this study, we report that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF which has recently been shown to play a crucial role in Fe homeostasis, interacts with PYE. Molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches revealed that PYE and HY5 have overlapping as well as some distinct roles in the regulation of Fe deficiency response. We found that HY5 and PYE both act as a repressor of Fe transport genes such as YSL3, FRD3, NPF5.9, YSL2, NAS4 and OPT3. HY5 was found to directly bind on the promoter of these genes and regulate intercellular Fe transport. Further analysis revealed that HY5 and PYE directly interact at the same region on PYE and NAS4 promoter. Overall, this study revealed that HY5 regulates Fe homeostasis by physically interacting with PYE as well as independently.
Emerging adult perceptions of costs and benefits of using information and communication technology in dating relationships
Authors: Munshi Ishita , Basting Evan J. , Dongarra Marissa , Harangozo Jessica , Goncy Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRapid technological advancements have revolutionized the dating experiences of emerging adults. This study explored perceptions of information and communication technology within emerging adult romantic relationships and examined what young adults perceived to be the costs and benefits of using technology to communicate in dating relationships. Emerging adults (N = 118) from diverse backgrounds completed a semi‐structured interview and thematic analysis was conducted on the interview responses. Several themes were identified that highlighted the positive influence of technology on relationship communication (e.g., greater efficiency), relationship development, and relationship maintenance. Despite several benefits, broad negative impacts of technology were also identified, including less privacy in relationships, and oversharing of relationship information online. The findings provide context for how technology has influenced relationship dynamics among emerging adults and can be useful to inform modern theories of romantic relationship development and relationship interventions.
Human‐initiated autocyclic delta failures
Authors: Gastineau Renaldo , Girardclos Stéphanie , Kremer Katrina , Anselmetti Flavio S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTRiver regulations have resulted in changes in the hydrology and particle budgets of fluvial systems. Since the 19th century, many rivers have been significantly modified to control flood hazards, to gain land from swamp areas for agricultural purposes, and to stabilize river‐levels and lake‐levels to facilitate navigation. These dramatic changes of the river courses have impacted the sediment budgets and grain‐size dissemination along them as well as the sediment distribution at the delta mouths in the downstream lakes, which could lead to slope instabilities. Deposits of such catastrophic lacustrine mass movements caused by delta collapses have been, for instance, observed in Lake Brienz (Switzerland), where relatively thick (0.5 to 1.3 m) and voluminous (>1 million m3) megaturbidites are stacked in the deep basin witnessing these processes. This study uses sediment cores and seismic data to reconstruct the megaturbidites' history in Lake Brienz. Data reveal that mass‐movement deposits, originating from the Aare Delta, one of the two main inflows, have mean ages of 1853, 1905, 1942 and 1996 ce and that they were unprecedented in, at least, half a millennium. The fact that the numbers of floods and earthquakes have not changed radically over this time period implies that human impact is the most likely explanation for these failure events. Therefore, the recurrent delta collapses are attributed to the focused sediment accumulation at the front of the channelized inflow in the proximal delta region, caused by the modification of the Aare River through its straightening and channelization during the late 19th century. These findings indicate that river regulation can affect delta sedimentation, leading to autocyclic delta collapses. Those collapses, in turn, can potentially generate tsunami waves, representing an additional natural hazard for shoreline communities.
Why Now? Thoughts on the Du Boisian Revolution
Authors: Meghji Ali , Burawoy Michael , Göçek Fatma Müge , Itzigsohn José , Morris Aldon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this editorial collection, five sociologists share their opinions on why there has been a recent proliferation of scholarship on Du Bois, and summarize their own position in relation to this intellectual area. Ranging from reflections on how they “discovered” Du Bois's works, through to assessments of American sociology's reception of Du Bois's scholarship, the idea of this brief piece is to provide an insight into some of the potential driving forces behind the boom in Du Boisian scholarship.
How to win the first Olympic medal? And the second?
Authors: Csurilla Gergely , Fertő Imre 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate the determinants of Olympic success. We distinguish between the probability of winning a medal and the overall Olympic success. Furthermore, we examine the impact of the three superpowers (China, Russia, and the United States). Beyond Olympic success as measured by medals, we also investigate the impact of other dependent variables considering additional rankings.MethodsWe use sport‐level data for seven Summer Olympic Games (1996–2021), applying weighted market share as a performance indicator to differentiate types of medals and rankings. We employ zero‐inflated beta regressions to estimate separately the probability of having zero market share at the Olympics and the determinants of Olympic success.ResultsOur estimations suggest that population positively influences Olympic success. Estimations highlight the role of superpower countries and sports‐level effects in explaining Olympic success. Better economic status is associated with winning a medal at the Olympic Games, but not with the number of medals that have been won. When using different outcome variables for Olympic success, considering not only medal rankings, the determinants of success change significantly.ConclusionCountries without previous Olympic success should collect economic and human resources to obtain their first medal at the Games.
Correctness Comparison of ChatGPT‐4, Gemini, Claude‐3, and Copilot for Spatial Tasks
Authors: Hochmair Hartwig H. , Juhász Levente , Kemp Takoda 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTGenerative AI including large language models (LLMs) has recently gained significant interest in the geoscience community through its versatile task‐solving capabilities including programming, arithmetic reasoning, generation of sample data, time‐series forecasting, toponym recognition, or image classification. Existing performance assessments of LLMs for spatial tasks have primarily focused on ChatGPT, whereas other chatbots received less attention. To narrow this research gap, this study conducts a zero‐shot correctness evaluation for a set of 76 spatial tasks across seven task categories assigned to four prominent chatbots, that is, ChatGPT‐4, Gemini, Claude‐3, and Copilot. The chatbots generally performed well on tasks related to spatial literacy, GIS theory, and interpretation of programming code and functions, but revealed weaknesses in mapping, code writing, and spatial reasoning. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the correctness of results between the four chatbots. Responses from repeated tasks assigned to each chatbot showed a high level of consistency in responses with matching rates of over 80% for most task categories in the four chatbots.
Sulfonamide allergy label and the risk of opportunistic infections in solid organ transplant recipients – A retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Al‐Shaikhly Taha , Al‐Obaydi Sarah , Craig Timothy J. , Henao Maria P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile a penicillin allergy label has been linked to various negative clinical outcomes, limited studies have specifically characterized the implication of sulfonamide allergy labels (SAL) on clinical outcomes. We examined the impact of SAL on clinical outcomes of solid organ transplant recipients.MethodsIn this retrospective matched cohort study, we utilized the TriNetX US collaborative Network, a multicenter de‐identified US database, and identified solid organ transplant recipients with and without SAL. The 1‐year probability of developing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), toxoplasmosis, and nocardiosis was estimated and contrasted between the two study groups. The hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) quantified the strength and direction of the association between SAL and these outcomes.ResultsWhen comparing 1571 solid organ transplant recipients with SAL to an equal number of matched controls, patients with SAL had a higher probability of developing nocardiosis (HR 3.85; 95% CI, 1.44–10.30; p = .004; corrected p = .04), and toxoplasmosis (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.10–3.17; p = .019; corrected p = .19), but no difference in the risk of developing PJP (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 0.68–3.95; p = .27). There was no mortality difference (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99–1.75; p = .061; corrected p = .6). SAL influenced antibiotic prescription with overutilization of dapsone, atovaquone, and pentamidine and underutilization of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.ConclusionSAL is associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infections following solid organ transplantation. Measures to evaluate and de‐label sulfonamide allergy prior to transplantation or desensitizing shortly after transplantation are advisable.
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In vitro
efficacy of next-generation dihydrotriazines and biguanides against babesiosis and malaria parasites
Authors: Vydyam Pratap , Chand Meenal , Gihaz Shalev , Renard Isaline , Heffernan Gavin D. , Jacobus Laura R. , Jacobus David P. , Saionz Kurt W. , Shah Raju , Shieh Hong-Ming , Terpinski Jacek , Zhao Wenyi , Cornillot Emmanuel , Ben Mamoun Choukri 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Babesia
and
Plasmodium
pathogens, the causative agents of babesiosis and malaria, are vector-borne intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites, posing significant threats to both human and animal health. The widespread resistance exhibited by these pathogens to various classes of antiparasitic drugs underscores the need for the development of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies. Antifolates have long been recognized as attractive antiparasitic drugs as they target the folate pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, and thus is vital for the survival and proliferation of protozoan parasites. More efficacious and safer analogs within this class are needed to overcome challenges due to resistance to commonly used antifolates, such as pyrimethamine, and to address liabilities associated with the dihydrotriazines, WR99210 and JPC-2067. Here, we utilized an
in vitro
culture condition suitable for the continuous propagation of
Babesia duncani, Babesia divergens, Babesia MO1,
and
Plasmodium falciparum
in human erythrocytes to screen a library of 50 dihydrotriazines and 29 biguanides for their efficacy
in vitro
and compared their potency and therapeutic indices across different species and isolates. We identified nine analogs that inhibit the growth of all species, including the
P. falciparum
pyrimethamine-resistant strain HB3, with IC
50
values below 10 nM, and display excellent
in vitro
therapeutic indices. These compounds hold substantial promise as lead antifolates for further development as broad-spectrum antiparasitic drugs.