bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sahara in the 19th century
Authors: Schulz Erhard 
Published: July 2024

Les rapports des expéditions transsahariennes du XIX e siècle permettent de reconstituer le paysage et la végétation. Ils constituent souvent les seules sources d’information, car les sédiments lacustres pour l’analyse pollinique sont absents ou altérés. Les rapports sont suffisamment précis pour découvrir les types de végétation et leur répartition afin de les comparer avec les conditions actuelles. Ainsi, des cartes de végétation ont pu être dressées pour les périodes 1830 et 1880, ainsi que des blocs-diagrammes de transsections lac Tchad-plateau du Djado au sud et Alger-Laghouat au nord. La comparaison des conditions du XIX e siècle avec celles d’aujourd’hui a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs faits : Les principales frontières du Sahara – externes et internes – n’ont guère changé localement au cours des 200 dernières années. Les développements du XIX e siècle peuvent être expliqués comme une régénération après les graves sécheresses du XVIII e siècle. Le maximum a été atteint vers 1880. Les « achabs », flores de courte durée suite à des pluies, étaient régulières et importantes pour la stabilisation du paysage. Elles indiquaient des précipitations de mousson allant jusqu’à 25-29 o N. En outre, elles favorisaient le développement des sociétés nomades. De plus, il était possible de représenter les transformations secondaires du paysage du Sahara du Nord au cours des conquêtes militaires et d’élaborer de manière générale des traits de paysages coloniaux.
De la carte au pixel cinquante ans de recherche géographique au Sahara
Authors: Callot Yann , Crépy Maël , Gagnol Laurent 
Published: July 2024

Pour Yann Callot, sa recherche géomorphologique au Sahara a connu d’énormes changements durant les cinquante derniéres années. Amorcée en 1972 par photo-interprétation de l’Erg de Fachi-Bilma, elle s’est poursuivie à partir de 1982 dans le Grand Erg Occidental au ras du sol sans vision d’ensemble du terrain, hormis les cartes au 1/200 000e. Elle a ensuite été transformée par l’imagerie satellitaire de plus en plus précise et de moins en moins coûteuse fournissant une masse de données à toutes les échelles. Depuis, l’accés au terrain s’est de plus en plus, fermé. Les données « anciennes », méme ponctuelles, deviennent alors essentielles pour valider les interprétations des observations spatiales.
Geografía del Sáhara Occidental
Authors: Haidar Larosi 
Published: July 2024

Le livre de Buchar Ahmed, « Géographie du Sahara Occidental », n’est pas un livre conventionnel. L’auteur lui-même ne l’est pas non plus, puisqu’en tant qu’enfant, il a été photographié avec l’auteur du Petit Prince. L’approche de l’objet d’étude est totalement nouvelle et d’un haut niveau d’exhaustivité, sans oublier l’essence revendicative qui transparaît dans l’ensemble du texte. De plus, les difficultés et les obstacles à sa publication, la propre biographie de l’auteur et le contexte politique dans lequel il a vécu en font indubitablement un texte singulier.
Peuples arabes. En quête de justice et de liberté
Authors: Brésillon Thierry 
Published: July 2024

Si le « monde arabe » est animé par une aspiration commune des peuples à la justice et à la liberté, la guerre menée par Israël contre la bande de Gaza, à la suite des attentats du 7 octobre, l’a rendue plus forte que jamais. Retour sur ce dossier en quatre points saillants.
Génération désenchantée
Authors: Kirch Noé 
Published: July 2024

La manière dont les humains participent à la perpétuation du monde fait l’objet de mythes depuis les débuts de l’humanité. Pour la philosophe Émilie Hache, le concept de « génération », qui caractérisait notamment la Grèce antique, a été supplanté par celui de « production ».
Art et vulnérabilité : quel rôle et quelle place pour l’expérience sensible dans la relation de soin ?
Authors: Montero Sarah 
Published: July 2024

Si la présence artistique dans les établissements de soins n’est pas nouvelle, le regard sur les artistes et leurs projets s’est renouvelé par le biais du dispositif interministériel Culture et Santé. Des études récentes ont montré que les projets artistiques développés dans ce cadre participent, entre autres, à approfondir la réflexion sur le soin et à améliorer les pratiques dans la prise en charge des patients (Herreros et Milly, 2009 ; Liot et al ., 2020). En prenant appui sur l’étude du dispositif Culture et Santé, cet article se propose d’analyser le rôle joué par les projets artistiques à l’hôpital dans la relation de soin, en tant que vecteurs d’une philosophie de l’attention et de la sollicitude envers autrui. Il s’agira de repenser la question de la dépendance et de la vulnérabilité au prisme de l’expérience de l’art ; d’observer les pratiques des soignants et celles des artistes dans une perspective intersubjective et interdépendante afin de reconsidérer la place des personnes et leur accompagnement ; enfin, d’interroger le positionnement de l’institution hospitalière et sa capacité à se saisir des opportunités offertes par l’expérience sensible, autant dans l’amélioration de la prise en soin des patients que dans la valorisation des personnels et l’attention à leurs conditions de travail.
La démarche artistique comme dé-placement : faire bouger les lignes et les autres pour (ré)œuvrer l’espace institutionnel
Authors: Oldra Arthur 
Published: July 2024

Cet article entend faire état de la démarche artistique Blanc maquillage portée par Arnaud Théval dans le cadre de la politique publique Culture et Santé au sein de l’Institut Bergonié, centre de lutte contre le cancer de la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, entre 2016 et 2022. À contresens des traditionnelles interventions artistiques orientées vers les malades, la démarche artistique susmentionnée propose de conduire une démarche « dans » et « sur » l’hôpital questionnant les pratiques et représentations de l’institution hospitalière. Si l’investigation de l’artiste dans l’hôpital est pensée sur le modèle de la coopération avec ses autres acteurs (bénévoles, soignants, administrateurs, direction), c’est aussi un dé-placement qui s’opère auprès d’eux. Notre proposition souhaite aborder les différents aspects de la pratique artistique au prisme de ce jeu de place. En somme, nous souhaitons montrer que la pratique artistique de terrain adoptée par Arnaud Théval est politique en tant qu’elle génère un important potentiel de subversion des normes et des places institutionnelles.
Le harcèlement en contexte scolaire : mais de quoi parlent les chercheurs ?
Authors: Ferrière Séverine , Françoise Christine 
Published: July 2024

Le harcèlement scolaire est une priorité gouvernementale en France à la rentrée 2023. Mais qu’en est-il ailleurs ? À travers une revue systématique inspirée du digramme de flux PRISMA, nous avons retenu 44 articles scientifiques se référant à cette problématique. Il en ressort qu’il s’agit d’une préoccupation mondiale, à la période adolescente particulièrement, et que malgré les efforts pour identifier les causes et/ou les conséquences, le harcèlement échappe à un cadre d’analyse consensuel. Cela engage à adopter une vision écosystémique, comprenant tous les acteurs, dans la perspective d’un soutien social multidimensionnel pour travailler et soutenir la cohésion de groupe et l’ouverture des possibles, notamment en termes identitaires.
Breastfeeding practices and challenges among mothers during coronavirus disease pandemic in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Radwan Hadia , Hashim Mona , Ismail Leila Cheikh , Bani-Issa Wegdan , Abdelrahim Dana N. , Mahboub Ayesha , Alnuaimi Athir , Alteneiji Ohood , Alansari Fatima , Hasan Haydar 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Limited research has addressed breastfeeding practices and challenges faced by mothers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United Arab Emirates. The recommendation on whether to continue or initiate breastfeeding among mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 was contradictory. This study aimed to explore breastfeeding practices and challenges faced by mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
In this online, cross-sectional study, 249 mothers who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic were recruited. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and anthropometric questions related to delivery experience and infant health, attitudes toward breastfeeding practices, breastfeeding knowledge, behaviors during COVID-19, and concerns and challenges related to COVID-19.

Results:
Most participants (90.8%) breastfed their infants, of whom only 28.5% exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months. Among mothers who were infected with COVID-19, approximately 90.7% were not given precautionary instructions by the health-care professionals during breastfeeding, 67.6% had breastfed their infants, 27% were isolated from their infants, and 50% were not able to visit their infants during infection. Moreover, exclusive breastfeeding was inversely associated with infant separation by more than six-fold higher (B = −1.89; odds ratio = 6.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.90–16.26; P <0.001).

Conclusion:
Building a supportive environment for mothers can have a positive impact on their well-being and strengthen mother-infant bonding during the pandemic.
Combination of 70% ethanol and 2% potassium aluminum sulfate as a modified antibacterial disinfectant
Authors: Ghanem Yassir Taleb , Al-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Mobile phones used by health-care workers can harbor pathogenic bacteria. Effective techniques are therefore needed to prevent bacterial transmission through mobile phones, including the development of new or modified disinfectants.

Methods:
In total, 100 swabs were collected from the mobile phones of health-care workers. All samples were directly cultured and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The samples were divided into two groups (n = 50 each): one disinfected with 70% ethanol alone and the other with 70% ethanol containing 2% potassium aluminum sulfate (alum).

Results:
Bacterial growth before disinfection with 70% ethanol alone was observed in 92% of samples, which decreased to 66% after disinfection. With 70% ethanol plus 2% alum, bacterial growth before disinfection was 88%, decreasing to 16% after disinfection. The mean number of colonies before disinfection with 70% ethanol alone was 22.80 ± 10.38, while after disinfection, it was 3.48 ± 1.40 (P < 0.00001). Similarly, the number of colonies before disinfection with 70% ethanol plus 2% alum was 19.84 ± 9.34, while that after disinfection was 0.68 ± 0.33 (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the combination of 70% ethanol with 2% alum to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol as a new modified disinfectant.
Testis tissue cryopreservation may be considered in boys with cryptorchidism
Authors: Mamsen Linn Salto , Hildorf Simone , Ntemou Elissavet , Wang Danyang , Cortes Dina , Fedder Jens , Thorup Jørgen , Andersen Claus Yding 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the feasibility of testis tissue cryopreservation (TTC) for fertility preservation in prepubescent boys with cryptorchidism. From January 2014 to December 2022, the University Hospital of Copenhagen (Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark) implemented TTC for 56 boys with cryptorchidism to preserve their reproductive potential. Testis tissue samples were collected during orchiopexy (32 cases) or at subsequent follow-up procedures (24 cases), necessitated by an increased risk of infertility as indicated by hormonal assessments and/or findings from initial surgical biopsies. Testis samples were procured for TTC and pathological analysis. The cohort had an average age of 1.3 (range: 0.3–3.8) years at the time of orchiopexy, with 91.1% presenting bilateral cryptorchidism. The study revealed a median germ cell count of 0.39 (range: 0–2.88) per seminiferous tubule, with germ cells detected in 98.0% of the bilateral biopsies and 100% of the unilateral, indicating a substantial potential for fertility in these immature tissues. A dark spermatogonia (Ad) was detected in 37 out of 56 patients evaluated, with a median Ad spermatogonia count of 0.027 (range: 0.002–0.158) per seminiferous tubule. A total of 30.2% of the samples lacked Ad spermatogonia, indicative of potential gonadotrophin insufficiency. The median hormone levels measured were as follows: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) at 0.69 (range: 0.16–2.5) U l−1, luteinizing hormone (LH) at 0.21 (range: 0.05–3.86) U l−1, and inhibin B at 126 (range: 17–300) pg ml−1. Despite early orchiopexy, 20%–25% of boys with cryptorchidism remain at risk for future infertility, substantiating the necessity of TTC as a precaution. The study highlights the need for refined predictive techniques to identify boys at higher risk of future infertility.
Perceptions and Feedback of Medical Students about the National Medical Commission India Mandated Electives Program
Authors: Sethi Sujata , Singh Bhupendra , Kumar Prashant , Mittal Rakesh , Sachdeva Ashuma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Electives program was introduced by the National Medical Council for Phase 3 MBBS students in India as a mandatory 2-month program, to facilitate learning beyond primary care and allow students to plan their careers by providing more choices.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the relevance and importance of the electives program as perceived by the Phase 3 Part II MBBS students.

Materials and Methods:
An online study was conducted at the Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, involving 243 MBBS students to collect their perceptions, experiences, and suggestions for further improvement.

Results:
Eighty percent of 243 participants were satisfied with the method of allocation of electives. Three-fourths of participating students felt that the duration of electives was sufficiently long. Most of the students (79%) enjoyed Block 2 more than Block 1, while 44% of the students did not enjoy either of the elective postings. Ninety percent of participants perceived electives improved their self-directed learning. The novelty of experience and hands-on experience contributed in making learning enjoyable. Various attributes of mentors (availability, attitude, active teaching, and feedback) were considered facilitators of learning while fear of making mistakes and lack of guidance were considered to be hindering forces. The majority of students felt that elective postings helped them to contemplate future career options.

Conclusions:
Students perceived the timing of the electives as a positive change. The present study highlighted the potential of electives in undergraduate medical curricula by pointing out the possible determinants of students’ satisfaction with electives. Feedback from the maiden year of implementation of electives will help recognize the shortcomings and improve.
Psychological Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Lockdown among Undergraduate Medical Students of North India
Authors: Goyal Ritik , Agarwal Komal , Abhishek Kumar , Hitesh Tanishq , Dhamnetiya Deepak , Goel Shelesh Kumar , Jha Ravi Prakash 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently an international public health crisis. The Indian government had announced the suspension of colleges indefinitely across India. Students of medical colleges are facing distress due to the abrupt disruption of academic routine.

Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate medical students of a medical college of North India during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in North India. Data were collected via a prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questions and three standard psychometric scales, i.e., Perceived Stress Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Major Depression Inventory Scale for assessing stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
We reported that majority of students (86.5%) have increased social media usage. The level of stress is moderate (72.5%) to high (19%), and depression is also reported in many students from moderate (11%) to severe (17.8%) levels. A small proportion of students showed anxiety though anxiety scores are significantly higher for males than females and for 1st- and 2nd-year subjects than final-year subjects. More than 60% of students are physically active who also showed a low level of stress, depression, and anxiety than sedentary subjects.

Conclusion:
Our results show that stress, anxiety, and depression were high in medical students during lockdown. Increased food intake and social media usage were risk factors for developing stress, anxiety, and depression. Physical activity has a positive impact on mental health of the students.
Cecal Volvulus – The Twisted Tale of Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Sinha Chandan , Hussain Ayjaz , Dwivedi Surjeet Kumar , Dwivedi Sabita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This case report highlights the presentation and management of a rare case of acute intestinal obstruction in an elderly patient in a peripheral hospital. The cause was cecal volvulus which was evaluated and managed emergently by early surgical intervention leading to a favorable outcome in the patient.
Evolution of Clinical, Electroencephalographic, and Radiological Changes in Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
Authors: Sheetal S. , Gladson Nikhil , George Joseph , Sithara T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, progressive, and fatal disease. Sporadic CJD (sCJD) accounts for 85% of the CJD cases. It is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonic jerks, and pyramidal, extrapyramidal, visual, and psychiatric symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain are integral to the diagnosis of the disease and show serial changes as the disease progresses. MRI brain in sCJD may be initially normal and later evolve to high-intensity signal changes in cortical, striatal, and thalamic regions on diffusion-weighted sequences and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. EEG shows evolution from the early, nonspecific slowing to the characteristic periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) in middle and late stages. We, hereby, report the case of a 68-year-old male who presented with rapidly progressive dementia, psychiatric symptoms, and myoclonus, whose MRI brain was initially normal and later showed diffusion restriction involving bilateral caudate, putamen, and bilateral cingulate gyrus and EEG showed evolution from diffuse slowing to typical PSWC.
Sick Neonate Score as Predictor of Neonatal Mortality and Duration of Hospital Stay
Authors: Gadgeesh Prajwal B. , Agarwal Neha , Gothwal Sunil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sick neonate score (SNS) is a simple clinical score that requires minimal basic equipment and expertise. It is utilized for the prediction of mortality among neonates.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to study the correlation of SNS with mortality and duration of hospital stay of admitted neonates.

Methodology:
This hospital-based observational descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 404 outborn transported neonates were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and SNS were recorded and analyzed. Categorical data were presented in numbers and percentages, whereas continuous data in mean and standard deviation. The Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for analysis. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to estimate the cutoff value of SNS determining the mortality and duration of hospital stay of the patient.

Results:
Out of 404 neonates 243 (60%) were tachypneic, 242 (59%) had oxygen saturation <92% and 216 (53%) were hypothermic. A cutoff of SNS ≤8 with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity is 53.4% was found for prediction of mortality among neonates. A significantly higher number of patients with SNS score ≤8 had expired within 3 days. Among discharged patients, a significantly higher number of patients with SNS score ≤8 had a duration of stay in hospital >7 days.

Conclusion:
SNS has a good negative correlation with mortality. Neonate with SNS ≤8 either expired early or was discharged with a higher duration of hospital stay.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception regarding Dengue Prevention and Control in Puducherry – A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Venkatesan Balaji , Rajasekaran Madhumitha , Krishnamoorthy Kannan , Senthil Rajini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context:
Dengue is one of the most dreadful viral diseases of humans, with over half of the world’s population living in the areas of risk.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, awareness, and practice of preventive measures regarding dengue fever among people living in Puducherry.

Settings and Design:
A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among the individuals residing in Puducherry in the field practice areas of our tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted for a period of 3 months from August to October 2023. The study population included residents of Puducherry in the field practice area of our tertiary care hospital based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A simple random sampling method was used with an estimated sample size of 285.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Continuous variables were presented in the form of frequency and proportion. Chi-square test was used for determining the association.

Results:
Out of 285 participants, 252 had good knowledge, and 33 had poor knowledge. 94.4% had good attitude and 5.6% had poor attitude. 62.1% (177) had good perception and 108 (37.9) had poor perception. The study showed a significant association between age and knowledge (P = 0.003) regarding dengue awareness. Socioeconomic status of the participants had a significant association with the attitude (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Appropriate use of information education and communication by involving mass media and social network and inclusion of environmental sanitation to the primary school curriculum can go a long way in creating awareness and decreasing the dengue burden in the community.