bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal hypometabolism in elderly breast cancer survivors determined by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET): a pilot study
Authors: Ponto Laura L. Boles , Menda Yusuf , Magnotta Vincent A. , Yamada Torricia H. , Denburg Natalie L. , Schultz Susan K. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeThe term “chemobrain” is sometimes used to denote deficits in neuropsychological functioning that may occur as a result of cancer treatment. As breast cancer survivors now commonly reach late life, it is not known whether previous exposure to chemotherapy may affect long‐term risk for cognitive impairment. To help address this concern, this study tested whether successfully surviving chemotherapy earlier in life was associated with later differences in brain metabolic function as an older adult compared to controls. This question was examined using positron emission tomography measures of brain glucose metabolism in elderly women cancer survivors.MethodsBreast cancer survivors (N = 10), currently free of recurrent cancer and without a diagnosis of a cognitive disorder, were compared to matched healthy controls (N = 10). All subjects were imaged at rest with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Images were analyzed semi‐quantitatively using the Alzheimer's Discrimination Tool and a volume of interest‐based approach derived from co‐registered magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsRelative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (normalized to global) was significantly lower in the survivors compared with control subjects in bilateral orbital frontal regions, consistent with differences between the groups in cognition and executive function (i.e., Trail Making Test, Part B and mini‐mental state examination) and despite no significant differences with respect to age, education, intelligence, or working memory. None of the survivors and only one control manifested a global positron emission tomography score consistent with an Alzheimer's disease metabolic pattern.ConclusionBreast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy may manifest long‐term changes in brain glucose metabolism indicative of subtle frontal hypometabolism, a finding consistent with results from neuropsychological testing and other imaging modalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CHARMM–TURBOMOLE interface for efficient and accurate QM/MM molecular dynamics, free energies, and excited state properties
Authors: Riahi Saleh , Rowley Christopher N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe quantum mechanical (QM)/molecular mechanical (MM) interface between Chemistry at HARvard Molecular Mechanics (CHARMM) and TURBOMOLE is described. CHARMM provides an extensive set of simulation algorithms, like molecular dynamics (MD) and free energy perturbation, and support for mature nonpolarizable and Drude polarizable force fields. TURBOMOLE provides fast QM calculations using density functional theory or wave function methods and excited state properties. CHARMM–TURBOMOLE is well‐suited for extended QM/MM MD simulations using first principles methods with large (triple‐ζ) basis sets. We demonstrate these capabilities with a QM/MM simulation of Mg2+(aq), where the MM outer sphere water molecules are represented using the SWM4‐NDP Drude polarizable force field and the ion and inner coordination sphere are represented using QM PBE, PBE0, and MP2 methods. The relative solvation free energies of Mg2+ and Zn2+ were calculated using thermodynamic integration. We also demonstrate the features for excited state properties. We calculate the time‐averaged solution absorption spectrum of indole, the emission spectrum of the indole
excited state, and the electronic circular dichroism spectrum of an oxacepham. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐analysis of high doses of ambroxol treatment for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome based on randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Xiangdong , Li Suwei , Zhang Jiuzhi , Zhang Yongli , Han Lili , Deng Qiuming , Wan Xianyao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study seeks to evaluate the potential benefits of high doses of ambroxol treatment for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by conducting a meta‐analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched the Pubmed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases through December 2013. Only RCTs evaluating high doses of ambroxol (≥15 mg/kg or 1000 mg/day) treatment for patients with ALI/ARDS were selected. We included 10 RCTs involving 508 patients. Adjuvant treatment with high doses of ambroxol increased PaO2/FiO2 (weight mean differences [WMD] = 69.18, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 41.71–96.65), PO2 (WMD = 11.74, 95% CI: 8.50–14.99), and SaO2 (WMD = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.60–2.71) compared with usual treatment. Treatment with high doses of ambroxol appeared to reduce serum tumor necrosis factor‐α level (WMD −7.92 µg/L; 95% CI, −10.94 to −4.9) and interleukin‐6 level (WMD = −20.65 µg/L, 95% CI: −24.74 to −16.55) and to increase serum superoxide dismutase level (WMD = 19.07 NU/mL, 95% CI: 6.16–31.97). The findings suggest that treatment with high doses of ambroxol appears to improve PaO2/FiO2, PO2, and SaO2, and the benefits might be related to ambroxol's anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties.
Molecular pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Andersen Jesper B. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an orphan cancer of the hepatobiliary tract, the incidence of which has increased in the past decade. The molecular pathogenesis of this treatment‐refractory disease is poorly understood. Desmoplasia is a key causal feature of CCA; however, a majority of tumors develop with no apparent etiological background. The impact of the stromal compartment on tumor progression as well as resistance to therapy is in vogue, and the epithelial‐stromal crosstalk may present a target for novel treatment strategies. As such, the complexity of tumor cellularity and the molecular mechanisms underlying the diversity of growth patterns of this malignancy remain a clinical concern. It is crucial to advance our present understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CCA to improve current clinical strategies and patient outcome. This will facilitate the delineation of patient subsets and individualization for precision therapies. Many questions persevere as to the evolutionary process and cellular origin of the initial transforming event, the context of intratumoral plasticity and the causal driver action. Next‐generation sequencing has begun to underline the persistent alterations, which may be the trigger of acquired drug resistance, and the cause of metastasis and disease recurrence. A complex issue that remains is to account for the heterogeneous pool of “backseat” aberrations, which in chromosomal proximity to the causative variant are likely to influence, for example, drug response. This review explores the recent advances in defining the molecular pathways implicated in the development of this devastating disease and, which present putative clinical strategies.
Eating quality of meat from six lamb breed types raised in Brazil
Authors: Monaco Carla Alves , Freire Maria T Alvarenga , Melo Lauro , Rosa Alessandra Fernandes , Carrer Celso da Costa , Trindade Marco A 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreed or genotype is important to consider for developing appropriate eating quality in lamb. The objectives of this study were to compare physical and chemical parameters and sensory acceptance of longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle from six lamb breed types economically important to the Brazilian sheep‐raising chain.RESULTSNo difference (P > 0.05) among samples was found in relation to L*, a* and b* parameters. However, differences were detected in shear force for the LL muscle produced by different breeds (P < 0.05), where animals without definite breed (WDB) showed higher shear force, whereas the lowest levels were observed for breed Hampshire Down, followed by Ile de France and the Dorper/Santa Inês cross‐breed (Dorper/SI). In relation to sensory acceptance, no difference (P > 0.05) was detected in aroma attribute for all breed types tested. For the attributes texture, juiciness, flavor and overall quality, differences were detected (P < 0.05), Dorper/SI, Hampshire Down and Suffolk cross breeds received the best scores, while Santa Inês received intermediate evaluations, and Ile de France and WDB were the least accepted.CONCLUSIONUnder the conditions evaluated in this study, meat from Dorper/SI and Hampshire Down cross‐breeds showed better eating quality, satisfying most consumers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of novel bundled fiber and performance assessment for clinical applications
Authors: Kim Changhwan , Jeon Myung Jin , Jung Jin Hyang , Yang Jung dug , Park Hoyong , Kang Hyun Wook , Lee Ho 
Published: August 2014

Background and ObjectivesDuring laser vaporization of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), high precision of optical fiber handling is pivotal to minimize any post‐operative complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasible applications of a bundled fiber to treat BPH by directionally and selectively manipulating laser light onto the targeted tissue.MethodsA bundled optical fiber, consisting of four side‐firing fibers, was fabricated to selectively emit laser beams in from one to four directions. Both transmission efficiency and light distribution were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized on the bundled fiber. In terms of interstitial application of the proposed fiber with 1064 nm on porcine liver tissue, the extent of thermal denaturation was estimated and compared at various laser parameterizations and for different directions of light.ResultsFrom the laser source to the fiber tip, the fabricated fiber device demonstrated a total light transmission of 52%. Due to internal light reflection, a secondary beam was emitted backward from the fiber tip and was responsible for 25% of the transmission loss. According to tissue testing, the extent of tissue denaturation generally increased with laser power, irradiation time, and number of light directions. The geometrical shape of thermal coagulation correlated well with the direction of light emission. Thermal damage to the glass tube occurred during excessive heat accumulation generated by continuous irradiation.ConclusionsThe proposed fiber can be beneficial for laser vaporization of BPH by providing a selective light direction irradiation along with minimal thermal damage. Further studies will extend the applicability of the bundled fiber to treat tubular tissue structure. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:718–725, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Nanogels for Intracellular pH‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Yao Xuemei , Chen Li , Chen Xiaofei , He Chaoliang , Zhang Jingping , Chen Xuesi 
Published: September 2014

A simple process is developed to fabricate metallo‐supramolecular nanogels (MSNs) by the metallo‐supramolecular‐coordinated interaction between histidine and iron‐meso‐tetraphenylporphin. MSNs are composed of histidine‐modified dextran (DH) and iron‐meso‐tetraphenylporphin (Fe–Por) and exhibit excellent biocompatibility and stability. MSNs show pH responsiveness in the intracellular mildly acidic environment, which has great potential for acid‐triggered drug release delivery. In vitro drug release profiles demonstrate that the pH‐dependent disassembly of MSNs to histidine and Por results in a quicker release rate of loaded‐DOX at pH 5.3, while at pH 7.4 MSNs could hinder the release of loaded‐DOX due to the enhanced stability of MSNs.
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Oxygen–Nitrogen Switchable Copolymers of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate and N,N‐Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhu Shiping 
Published: September 2014

In this work, a novel class of O2/N2 switchable polymers is reported, which is prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization (ATRcoP) of commercially available 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (FMA) and N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA). The copolymer is random and contains 10 FMA units and 85 DMA units. Its aqueous solution becomes transparent with O2 bubbling and turns to turbid with N2 purging. This O2/N2‐responsive switchability between the transparent and turbid states is reversible. The FMA–DMA copolymer is thermosensitive and has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 24.5 °C. O2 molecules interact with fluorinated groups of the copolymer and increase the LCST to 55 °C. Purging N2 removes O2 and returns the polymer thermosensitivity back to its initial state. The switchability occurs in the whole temperature range (24.5–55 °C).
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Nanostrukturelle Inhomogenität in Polymernetzwerken
Authors: Lorenzo Fany Di , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractKettenvernetzungspunkte in polymeren Netzwerken sind oft räumlich inhomogen verteilt. Die strukturelle Inhomogenität beeinflusst die physikalischen Eigenschaften vernetzter Polymermaterialien. Dieses Wechselspiel lässt sich mit Lichtstreuung, NMR‐Spektroskopie und Fluoreszenzverfahren studieren.
Theoretical study and simulation of moisture transport in unsaturated porous media by periodic homogenization
Authors: Mchirgui W. , Millet O. , Amiri O. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this work, the macroscopic Richards equation for moisture transport is established in unsaturated porous media using periodic homogenization. By performing dimensional analysis on microscopic equations of moisture transfer, dimensional numbers characterizing moisture transport appear. The application of the asymptotic homogenization leads to the classical Richards equation, which is justified rigorously this way. Moreover, we obtain an accurate definition of the homogenized diffusion tensor of moisture involving the geometric properties of the microstructure and known transport properties of the material. A different behavior for the transport of water vapor between hygroscopic and super‐hygroscopic region is revealed. Finally, a simple 2D example where an analytical solution exists is addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodamine‐Appended Bipyridine: XOR and OR Logic Operations Integrated in an Example of Controlled Metal Migration
Authors: Núñez Cristina , Santos Sergio M. , Oliveira Elisabete , Santos Hugo M. , Capelo José Luis , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new bipyridyl derivative 1 bearing rhodamine B as visible fluorophore was designed, synthesized and characterized as a fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for metal ions. Interaction with Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg+, and Hg2+ ions was followed by UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy. Upon addition of these metal ions, different colorimetric and fluorescent responses were observed. “Off‐on‐off” (Cu2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+) and “off‐on” (Hg+ and Cd2+) systems were obtained. Probe 1 was explored to mimic XOR and OR logic operations for the simultaneous detection of Hg+–Cu2+ and Hg+–Zn2+ pairs, respectively. DFT calculations were also performed to gain insight into the lowest‐energy gas‐phase conformation of free receptor 1 as well as the atomistic details of the coordination modes of the various metal ions.
Crystallization and orientation of isotactic poly(propylene) in cylindrical nanopores
Authors: Reid Dariya K. , Ehlinger Bridget A. , Shao Lin , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe crystallization of polymers in cylindrical geometries is important as interest in polymer nanowires and nanostructures grows. Here, semicrystalline isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) is shown to crystallize in a homogeneous, low‐dimensional fashion when confined in cylindrical pores as small as 15 nm. A strong dependence on pore diameter is demonstrated. Isothermal crystallization studies suggest a reduced Avrami exponent as pore diameter decreases and as crystallization time increases. Complementary X‐ray diffraction with tilt (texture analysis) reveals one‐dimensional ordering of iPP crystals within pores of 40 nm diameter or less in which crystals preferentially orient, perpendicular to the pore wall. These findings demonstrate that the origin of this orientation is related to the impingement of crystals against the pore wall, thus “freezing out” polymer crystallizing in nonpreferred directions. These results show that curvature‐directed crystallization is one potential means to control a polymer's crystallization rate and orientation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1412–1419
Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks composed of diisocyanate‐bridged 4‐arm star‐shaped l‐lactide oligomers and poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Takase Hayato , Shibita Ayaka , Shibata Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSemi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) were prepared by reactions of 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroxy‐terminated 4‐arm star‐shaped l‐lactide oligomers (H4LAOn's) with the degrees of polymerization of lactate unit per one arm, n = 3, 5, and 10 in the presence of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). Morphologies, thermal, and mechanical properties of the TDI‐bridged H4LAOn (TH4LAOn)/PCL semi‐IPNs were evaluated by comparing with those of poly(l‐lactide) (PLA)/PCL blends. Compatibility between the two components of the TH4LAOn/PCL semi‐IPN with a PCL content not more than 50 wt % was much better than those of the PLA/PCL blends with the same PCL content. All the TH4LAOn networks were substantially amorphous and their tan δ peak or glass transition temperatures increased with decreasing n value. Most of the semi‐IPNs did not show clear glass transition temperature related to both the components. Tensile toughness and elongation at break for all the TH4LAOn/PCL semi‐IPNs were much higher than those for the PLA/PCL blends with the same PCL content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1420–1428
Parallel modular steganography using error images
Authors: Afrakhteh Masoud , Lee Jeong‐A 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe embedding process for most of the state‐of‐the‐art adaptive steganographic methods (not easily detectable) such as highly undetectable steganography (HUGO), edge adaptive image steganography (EA), and Adaptive ±1 Steganography in Extended Noisy Regions, is contingent upon the neighboring pixel values to prevent discovery by steganalysis methods. Hence, the calculation of the possible embedding rate must be suspended until the embedding process is performed pixel by pixel, in sequence. If, however, the cover image is JPEG‐compressed, an error image can be considered as an embedding map implying where and to what extent secret bits can be embedded. In this paper, we present a modular steganography using error images. It is demonstrated that the detectability level of the resulting stego images is lower than that of state‐of‐the‐art schemes and the proposed method executes 2.32 times faster than HUGO. Further, to improve the time performance, a block‐wise parallel algorithm is presented where a single thread is assigned to each block of pixels. Because of the independent behavior of the embedding method and unlike the other methods, it is proved that each block of pixels can be embedded independently. The effectiveness of this parallel approach is analyzed and verified to execute approximately 55 times faster than serial execution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature engineering for detection of Denial of Service attacks in session initiation protocol
Authors: Asgharian Hassan , Akbari Ahmad , Raahemi Bijan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a text‐based protocol, which defines the messaging between the SIP entities to establish, maintain, and terminate a multimedia session. Because of the text‐ and transaction‐based nature of the SIP protocol, it encounters various types of malformed message and resource depletion attacks. In this paper, we study the security concerns of the SIP‐based systems, and propose a feature set for it. Engineered features are derived from the SIP header fields in real time detecting the deviation of the input traffic from normal state. These features are built at three levels: packet, transaction, and dialog. The designed features can accurately detect the SIP known attacks. Moreover, because we successfully model the state machine of SIP during its normal behavior, we can also identify the unknown attacks. To study the effectiveness of the engineered feature set, we employ them in a sample one‐class support vector machine classifier. We evaluate the engineered features on three different datasets with various types of attack scenarios including resource depletion and authentication and brute force attacks. The impact of these attack scenarios on the designed features are shown in different test cases to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed feature set. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erwärmungsverhalten dämmschichtbildender Brandschutzsysteme im Stahlbau
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Tabeling Florian , Weisheim Waldemar 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDämmschichtbildende Brandschutzsysteme ermöglichen es, die Attraktivität filigraner Stahltragwerke bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit aufrecht zu erhalten. Das Hochtemperaturverhalten dieser Brandschutzsysteme ist bis heute jedoch nicht im Detail bekannt. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden daher numerische Simulationen unter expliziter Berücksichtigung des Aufschäumvorgangs dämmschichtbildender Brandschutzsysteme vorgestellt, um das Erwärmungsverhalten im Detail aufzuzeigen und somit einen Beitrag zum vertieften Verständnis hinsichtlich der thermischen Schutzwirkung dieser Brandschutzsysteme zu leisten. Dabei werden beschichtete Stahlplatten bei einer Ofentemperatur gemäß der Einheits‐Temperaturzeitkurve untersucht. Eine Validierung des entwickelten numerischen Modells erfolgt anhand eigener Versuchsergebnisse. Somit wird erstmals die Möglichkeit eröffnet, das Hochtemperaturverhalten beschichteter Stahlbauteile realitätsnah zu simulieren und die Temperaturentwicklung im Stahl zu prognostizieren. Dies schafft insbesondere bei individuellen Fragestellungen im Brandschutzingenieurwesen hinsichtlich der Temperaturentwicklung in beschichteten Stahlbauteilen innovative Bewertungsmöglichkeiten.Heating behaviour of intumescent coatings in steel constructions – Advanced numerical simulations taking the foaming process into account. Intumescent coatings enable to sustain the attractiveness of filigree steel constructions and to ensure fire resistance at the same time. Since the high temperature behaviour of these fire protection systems is not known in detail yet, advanced numerical simulations by taking the foaming process of intumescent coatings into account are introduced in the present article. Hence, the heating behaviour is pointed out in detail to get a deeper understanding concerning the fire protection behaviour of intumescent coatings. For that reason, coated steel plates exposed to standard fire (ISO‐834) are investigated. A validation of the developed numerical model is performed by comparing the calculated temperatures with own test results. For the first time, the opportunity is enabled to simulate and predict the high temperature behaviour of coated steel elements close to reality. This offers innovative possibilities to evaluate the steel temperature of construction elements individually in fire protection engineering.