bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirty‐year variations of above‐ground net primary production and precipitation‐use efficiency of an alpine meadow in the north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li H. , Zhang F. , Li Y. , Zhao X. , Cao G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAbove‐ground net primary production (ANPP) and precipitation‐use efficiency (PUE) are key factors that can clarify the response of grassland ecosystem carbon and water cycles to ongoing climate change. The variations of ANPP and PUE were analysed based on long‐term in situ observations of a species‐rich alpine meadow in the north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2010. ANPP and PUE increased markedly over time. ANPP was significantly controlled by post‐growing season length (from 1 September to the end of growing season in the previous year, R2 = 0·31, P < 0·01). Regression trees showed that air temperature during October of the previous year played a predominant role in ANPP annual variations. Results indicated that a strong thermal‐lagging effect on ANPP variations was present in the alpine meadow ecosystem. ANPP variations were undetectable during wet, normal and dry years (P = 0·25). Our finding supported the hypothesis that temporal site‐specific ANPP variations were less regulated by a single factor. The temporal PUE declined linearly with increasing annual precipitation, and the slope was obviously steeper than that of spatial patterns. More ANPP variability in an alpine meadow under warming conditions might occur via community transition in the north‐eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau.
Prognostic factors of oral mucosal melanoma: histopathological analysis in a retrospective cohort of 82 cases
Authors: Song Hao , Wu Yunteng , Ren Guoxin , Guo Wei , Wang Lizhen 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo investigate the histopathological predictors of overall survival and metastatic failure of oral mucosal melanoma (OMM), of which the histopathological classification and microstaging has not been established.Methods and resultsThe pathological data, including cell type (CT), level of invasion, ulceration, mitotic rate, pigmentation, necrosis, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and vascular invasion, of 82 OMM patients from April 2002 to April 2012 were reviewed and analysed retrospectively. CT, ulceration, mitotic rate, pigmentation, necrosis and vascular invasion were found to be of significance in predicting the overall survival of OMM patients. CT was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in multivariate analysis. In patients with localized OMM, CT, level of invasion, mitotic rate, pigmentation and necrosis were associated with overall survival but none of them proved to be an independent prognostic factor. CT, mitotic rate and TIL were associated with the risk of distant metastasis. TIL was revealed to be an independent factor of distant metastases risk in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsCT was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival. Patients with epithelioid cell type OMM had a poor prognosis. Patients without TIL had a higher risk of distant metastasis.
A pilot study of an HbA1c chairside screening protocol for diabetes in patients with chronic periodontitis: the dental hygienist's role
Authors: Bossart M , Calley KH , Gurenlian JR , Mason B , Ferguson RE , Peterson T 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess effectiveness, convenience and cost of point‐of‐care diabetes screenings performed by a dental hygienist for patients with periodontitis, using a diabetes risk questionnaire, periodontal findings and a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) analyser.MethodsA purposive sample of 50 participants with periodontitis, never diagnosed with diabetes, reporting ≥one diabetes risk factor, were administered an HbA1c test. Spearman's correlation measured relationships between HbA1c and diabetes risk test scores, numbers of missing teeth, percentage of deep pockets ≥5 mm and percentage of bleeding sites (BOP). Cost and time were assessed. Analyses used 0.05 alpha levels.ResultsThirty‐two per cent (n = 16) of participants presented HbA1c values indicating prediabetes; one HbA1c value indicated type 2 diabetes, totalling 34% (N = 17). No relationships existed between HbA1c values and diabetes risk scores (rs = 0.153; P = 0.144), numbers of missing teeth (r = 0.190; P = 0.093), percentage of deep pockets (rs = −0.048; P = 0.370) or percentage of BOP sites (rs = 0.066, P = 0.324). Direct cost for each HbA1c was $9US, excluding follow‐up medical diagnosis. Mean screening time including patient education was 14 min (SD = 6.2). Fifty‐three per cent (n = 9 of 17) of participants with elevated HbA1c values contacted their primary healthcare provider within 2 weeks as recommended.ConclusionPoint‐of‐care HbA1c screenings by dental hygienists were effective and convenient for identifying undiagnosed prediabetes and provide opportunity for interprofessional patient care; cost or lack of dental insurance may inhibit implementation. Identification of patients at risk for diabetes requires further evaluation.
Effect of a halophilic aromatic yeast together with Aspergillus oryzae in koji making on the volatile compounds and quality of soy sauce moromi
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Li Dongsheng , Hu Yong , Wang Chao , Gao Bing , Xu Ning 
Published: March 2015

SummaryKoji making is an essential step in the production of high‐quality soy sauce. In this study, we inoculated koji with a halophilic aromatic yeast (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) and Aspergillus oryzae and investigated the effects on the volatile compounds and quality of soy sauce moromi. Our results suggest that the optimal yeast inoculation was approximately 1.5 × 106 yeast per gram of koji, and excessive yeast greatly decreased A. oryzae enzyme activity. In comparison with the control group, there were no significant changes in the concentrations of amino nitrogen, total titratable acids, total soluble nitrogen and reducing sugar by extending the fermentation time during the first fermentation month, whereas the concentration of glutamate in the yeast‐inoculated sample increased by 46.16% and the arginine concentration decreased by 61.07%. After the second fermentation month, 17, 38 and 38 volatile components were identified by GC–MS in C1, C2 and C5, respectively. Moreover, a large number of volatile components, such as 2‐Methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol, ethyl acetate and 1‐Octen‐3‐ol were found in C2 and C5. And the total contents of volatile compounds in C2 were obviously higher than C5. This work furthers our understanding of the traditional multistrain koji making and provides a new method for enhancing the quality and flavour of soy sauce.
Practical application of color Doppler ultrasonography in patients with ejaculatory dysfunction
Authors: Hara Ryoei , Nagai Atsushi , Fujii Tomohiro , Fukumoto Kazuhiko , Ohira Shin , Jo Yoshimasa , Yokoyama Teruhiko , Miyaji Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe describe two cases in which dynamic analysis of ejaculation using color Doppler ultrasonography was useful in diagnosis of ejaculatory dysfunction and planning of therapy. The first patient was a 32‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of retrograde ejaculation. A bladder neck collagen injection was carried out, as the main cause was thought to be the bladder neck remaining open during ejaculation. The patient had antegrade ejaculation 1 week later. The second patient was a 48‐year‐old man with a diagnosis of anorgasmia accompanied by decreased seminal emission and insufficient function of the rhythmic pelvic striated muscles. The patient was prescribed etilefrine hydrochloride 15 mg/day. The symptom improved 2 weeks after starting this drug. These cases suggest that the use of color Doppler ultrasonography during ejaculation can improve the understanding of ejaculatory dysfunction and therapy for this condition.
Determinants of graduates' job opportunities and initial wages in China
Authors: KONG Jun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on a sample of new graduates in the Beijing area, this study examines how college prestige, major and sex affect their job search prospects and initial wages. Using a parametric survival approach and a Heckman selection model, it shows that graduates find jobs faster if they come from prestigious universities, signalling ability and qualification. They also receive higher initial wages than graduates from other tertiary education institutions. Engineering and business graduates find jobs more easily than law and science graduates, but liberal arts and social science graduates receive higher wages. Female graduates find jobs faster than male graduates, but they earn less.
Differences in horizontal and vertical mismatches across countries and fields of study
Authors: VERHAEST Dieter , SELLAMI Sana , van der VELDEN Rolf 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBased on early career data on graduates in Europe and Japan, the authors investigate whether full job mismatch (i.e. field‐of‐study mismatch and over‐education), mere horizontal mismatch and mere vertical mismatch can be explained by differences in institutions and labour market imbalances. Mere horizontal mismatch is lower in countries with stronger employment protection, higher unemployment benefits and selective educational programmes. Cross‐country differences in mere vertical mismatch are largely explained by labour market imbalances. These variables also affect full mismatch, which is positively related to collective bargaining coverage as well. Field‐of‐study differences in mismatches are similarly determined by educational programme characteristics and labour market imbalances.
An Upconversion Niobium Pentoxide Bulk Glass Codoped with Er3+/Yb3+ Fabricated by Aerodynamic Levitation Method
Authors: Li Jiaying , Li Jianqiang , Li Bo , Yu Jianding , Qi Longhao 
Published: March 2015

(82−x)NbO2.5–17.4LaO1.5–xZrO2(NLZ) (x = 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20) bulk glasses codoped with Er3+/Yb3+ were successfully fabricated by aerodynamic levitation method for the first time. The structure, thermal stability, and luminescent properties of the samples were investigated systemically by XRD, differential scanning calorimetry, and upconversion spectra. Under 980 nm laser excitation, all samples exhibited green and red upconversion emissions centered at 531, 546, and 674 nm. Results showed that the sample with 15 mol% ZrO2 obtained the most efficient upconversion luminescence and good thermal stability with the glass‐transition temperature as high as 743 °C. The effect of the addition of ZrO2 on the structure behavior and the phonon density in the glass was investigated by Raman spectra, which are the key factors for the upconversion luminescence intensity.
Nurses’ perceptions of climate and environmental issues: a qualitative study
Authors: Anåker Anna , Nilsson Maria , Holmner Åsa , Elf Marie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions of climate and environmental issues and examine how nurses perceive their role in contributing to the process of sustainable development.BackgroundClimate change and its implications for human health represent an increasingly important issue for the healthcare sector. According to the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics, nurses have a responsibility to be involved and support climate change mitigation and adaptation to protect human health.DesignThis is a descriptive, explorative qualitative study.MethodsNurses (n = 18) were recruited from hospitals, primary care and emergency medical services; eight participated in semi‐structured, in‐depth individual interviews and 10 participated in two focus groups. Data were collected from April–October 2013 in Sweden; interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.ResultsTwo main themes were identified from the interviews: (i) an incongruence between climate and environmental issues and nurses' daily work; and (ii) public health work is regarded as a health co‐benefit of climate change mitigation. While being green is not the primary task in a lifesaving, hectic and economically challenging context, nurses' perceived their profession as entailing responsibility, opportunities and a sense of individual commitment to influence the environment in a positive direction.ConclusionsThis study argues there is a need for increased awareness of issues and methods that are crucial for the healthcare sector to respond to climate change. Efforts to develop interventions should explore how nurses should be able to contribute to the healthcare sector's preparedness for and contributions to sustainable development.
Managers are potential levers of discrimination within organizations: the role of group identification, assimilation endorsement and power
Authors: Courtois Marie , Herman Ginette 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo studies examined the relationship between identification with a high‐position group in organizational settings (managers) and bias toward immigrants. In Study 1, (N = 182; N = 145), results showed positive relationships between identification with the managers' group and both in‐group bias and prejudiced attitudes, indirectly through assimilation endorsement. In Study 2 (N = 117), in addition to replicating the results of Study 1, we found a significant interaction, revealing that power moderated the link between identification with a high‐position group and bias. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that linking managers' group identification to bias and prejudiced attitudes through assimilation was only significant for high perceived power. Results are discussed in light of interethnic ideologies and the social identity theory. Some practical implications are provided.
Meaning in life goal pursuit moderates the effects of social influences on college student drinking
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Palfai Tibor P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study sought to examine whether life goal meaning serves as a protective factor against the effects of social influences on hazardous drinking. The sample consisted of 156 college drinkers who had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. Results indicated that goal meaning moderated the relation between both injunctive norms and direct offers and heavy drinking episodes. Simple slopes' analyses showed that injunctive norms predicted heavy episodic drinking for students with low but not high levels of goal meaning. Direct offers predicted heavy episodic drinking, however, the strength of this association was reduced at high levels of goal meaning. Results suggest that higher levels of goal meaning may buffer the effects of social influences on college student hazardous drinking.
Stressful Life Events, Worry, and Rumination Predict Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Young Adolescents
Authors: Young Cara C. , Dietrich Mary S. 
Published: March 2015

ProblemDepression and anxiety are highly prevalent and frequently comorbid mental health disorders that often manifest during childhood and adolescence. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine potential common underlying mechanisms predicting the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms to identify mutual underlying modifiable risk factors to target with mental health promotion and prevention interventions.MethodsA community‐based sample of 11‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents participated in a prospective, longitudinal pilot study with three waves of data collection over a 6‐month period.FindingsAt baseline, stressful life events, worry, and rumination accounted for 35% of the variance in anxiety scores (adjusted R2 = 0.28) and 58% of the variance in depressive symptoms (adjusted R2 = 0.53), while at Time 3 (T3; 6 months post baseline) these variables accounted for 63% of the variance in anxiety scores (adjusted R2 = 0.59) and 45% of the variance in depressive symptoms (adjusted R2 = 0.39). After controlling for baseline values, increases in stress, worry, and rumination were predictive of both depressive and anxiety symptoms at T3.ConclusionsStudy findings point to the importance of prevention and early intervention programs including content addressing stress management, rumination, and worry.
High Uric Acid Levels During Pregnancy Linked to Increased Risk for Future Atherosclerotic‐Related Hospitalization
Authors: Wolak Talya , Shoham‐Vardi Ilana , Sergienko Ruslan , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: March 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the association between uric acid (UA) level during pregnancy and future maternal hospitalization for atherosclerotic‐related morbidity. A case‐control study was conducted including women who delivered between the years 2000 to 2012 and subsequently developed atherosclerotic morbidity at least 1 year after their last delivery (n=588) and controls (n=3645). The mean follow‐up duration was 57.8±35.6 months and 77±43.4 months, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios for hospitalizations. A significant linear association was documented between UA during pregnancy and long‐term maternal‐related atherosclerotic morbidity. A Cox proportional hazard model, controlling for the confounders gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, maternal age, creatinine level, and gestational week at index pregnancy showed that UA ≥5.6 mg/dL during pregnancy remained independently associated with long‐term total hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.86; P<.001). High UA level during pregnancy may predict maternal atherosclerotic morbidity.
Is the evaluation of risk of bias in periodontology and implant dentistry comprehensive? A systematic review
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Listl Stefan , Alarcón Marco Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess how authors of systematic reviews (SRs) with meta‐analyses published in periodontology and implant dentistry evaluate risk of bias (ROB) in primary studies included in these reviews.Material/MethodsA literature search for SRs with meta‐analyses was performed in PubMed and Cochrane library databases up to July 20th 2014. The reference lists of included articles were screened for further reviews. The standards of evaluating ROB in primary studies were evaluated by using a 14‐item checklist based on the Cochrane approach for evaluating ROB. Standards in ROB evaluations in Cochrane and paper‐based SRs were compared using the Fisher's exact test. All searches, data extraction and evaluations were performed independently and in duplicate.ResultsSeventy SRs were included (45 paper‐based and 25 Cochrane SRs, respectively). The median percentage of items addressed was 58% (interquartile range 4–100%). Cochrane SRs more frequently included ROB assessments than paper‐based reviews in terms of examiner blinding (p = 0.0026), selective outcome reporting (p = 0.0207) and other bias (p = 0.0241).ConclusionsThe ROB evaluation in primary studies currently included in SRs with meta‐analyses in periodontology and implant dentistry is not sufficiently comprehensive. Cochrane SRs have more comprehensive ROB evaluation than paper‐based reviews.
Fructose induces glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and insulin secretion: Role of adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive K+ channels
Authors: Seino Yusuke , Ogata Hidetada , Maekawa Ryuya , Izumoto Takako , Iida Atsushi , Harada Norio , Miki Takashi , Seino Susumu , Inagaki Nobuya , Tsunekawa Shin , Oiso Yutaka , Hamada Yoji 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels play an essential role in glucose‐induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β‐cells. It was recently reported that the KATP channel is also found in the enteroendocrine K‐cells and L‐cells that secrete glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), respectively. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the KATP channel in fructose‐induced GIP, GLP‐1 and insulin secretion in mice. Fructose stimulated GIP secretion, but pretreatment with diazoxide, a KATP channel activator, did not affect fructose‐induced GIP secretion under streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemic conditions. Fructose significantly stimulated insulin secretion in Kir6.2+/+ mice, but not in mice lacking KATP channels (Kir6.2−/−), and fructose stimulated GLP‐1 secretion in both Kir6.2+/+ mice and Kir6.2−/− mice under the normoglycemic condition. In addition, diazoxide completely blocked fructose‐induced insulin secretion in Kir6.2+/+ mice and in MIN6‐K8 β‐cells. These results show that fructose‐induced GIP and GLP‐1 secretion is KATP channel‐independent and that fructose‐induced insulin secretion is KATP channel‐dependent.
Conventional vs. daylight methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis of the face and scalp: an intra‐patient, prospective, comparison study in Italy
Authors: Fargnoli M.C. , Piccioni A. , Neri L. , Tambone S. , Pellegrini C. , Peris K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionDaylight photodynamic therapy (DL‐PDT) with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a simplified PDT procedure that was recently shown in a few trials to be effective for grade I actinic keratosis (AK), with improved tolerability and reduced time of clinical attendance as compared to conventional PDT (c‐PDT).ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of DL‐PDT vs. c‐PDT with MAL in the treatment of grade I AK on the face and scalp in Italy.MethodsThirty‐five patients with AKs on the face (n = 17) or scalp (n = 18) were prospectively enrolled in an intra‐patient, left‐right, prospective, comparison study between DL‐PDT and c‐PDT at a single centre between September and October 2013. Weather conditions and outdoor temperature during daylight exposure were recorded for each DL‐PDT session. Pain was assessed after the PDT session and local adverse events 2 days after treatment. Lesion response rate was evaluated on both sides at 3 months. AKs with complete regression were followed until 6 months. Patient's preference for either treatment was recorded.ResultsThere was no difference in complete response (CR) rate of AK I at 3 months between DL‐PDT and c‐PDT (87% vs. 91%; RR = 0.96; P = 0.16). A lower CR rate was observed with DL‐PDT than with c‐PDT for AK II (36% vs. 61%; RR = 0.58, P = 0.06) and III (25% vs. 46%; RR = 0.50, P = 0.20). Recurrence rate at 6 months was slightly higher for cleared AK I after DL‐PDT than after c‐PDT (17% vs. 12%, RR = 1.50, P < 0.05). DL‐PDT was associated with lower pain (ΔVAS = −2.2, P < 0.01) and reduced severity of local adverse events (ΔLSR = −1.4, P < 0.01) than c‐PDT. Increasing outdoor temperature was associated with the efficacy of DL‐PDT and the severity of adverse events. DL‐PDT was preferred by 88% of the patients.ConclusionMAL DL‐PDT showed similar efficacy to c‐PDT in the treatment of AK I of the face/scalp but was less effective than c‐PDT for AKs II and III. DL‐PDT was better tolerated being associated with lower pain and occurrence of fewer adverse events. Clinical response to DL‐PDT was significantly moderated by outdoor temperature, increasing at higher temperatures.