bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edema following Gamma Knife radiosurgery for parasagittal and parafalcine meningiomas
Authors: Sheehan Jason P. , Lee Cheng-Chia , Xu Zhiyuan , Przybylowski Colin J. , Melmer Patrick D. , Schlesinger David 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been shown to offer a high probability of tumor control for Grade I meningiomas. However, SRS can sometimes incite edema or exacerbate preexisting edema around the targeted meningioma. The current study evaluates the incidence, timing, and degree of edema around parasagittal or parafalcine meningiomas following SRS.

METHODS
A retrospective review was undertaken of a prospectively maintained database of patients treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery at the University of Virginia Health System. All patients with WHO Grade I parafalcine or parasagittal meningiomas with at least 6 months of clinical follow-up were identified, resulting in 61 patients included in the study. The median radiographic follow-up was 28 months (range 6–158 months). Rates of new or worsening edema were quantitatively assessed using volumetric analysis; edema indices were computed as a function of time following radiosurgery. Statistical methods were used to identify favorable and unfavorable prognostic factors for new or worsening edema.

RESULTS
Progression-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 98% and 90%, respectively, according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. After SRS, new peritumoral edema occurred or preexisting edema worsened in 40% of treated meningiomas. The median time to onset of peak edema was 36 months post-SRS. Persistent and progressive edema was associated with 11 tumors, and resection was undertaken for these lesions. However, 20 patients showed initial edema progression followed by regression at a median of 18 months after radiosurgery (range 6–24 months). Initial tumor volume greater than 10 cm3, absence of prior resection, and higher margin dose were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased risk of new or progressive edema after SRS.

CONCLUSIONS
Stereotactic radiosurgery offers a high rate of tumor control in patients with parasagittal or parafalcine meningiomas. However, it can lead to worsening peritumoral edema in a minority of patients. Following radiosurgery, transient edema occurs earlier than persistent and progressive edema. Longitudinal follow-up of meningioma patients after SRS is required to detect and appropriately treat transient as well as progressive edema.
Surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the United States from 1997 to 2012: an analysis of 20, 346 patients
Authors: Vigneswaran Hari T. , Grabel Zachary J. , Eberson Craig P. , Palumbo Mark A. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can cause substantial morbidity and may require surgical intervention. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate US trends in operative AIS as well as patient comorbidities, operative approach, in-hospital complications, hospital length of stay (LOS), and hospital charges in the US for the period from 1997 to 2012.

METHODS
Patients with AIS (ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes 737.30) who had undergone spinal fusion (ICD-9-CM procedure codes 81.xx) from 1997 to 2012 were identified from the Kids' Inpatient Database. Parameters of interest included patient comorbidities, operative approach (posterior, anterior, or combined anteroposterior), in-hospital complications, hospital LOS, and hospital charges.

RESULTS
The authors identified 20, 346 patients in the age range of 0–21 years who had been admitted for AIS surgery in the defined study period. Posterior fusions composed 63.4% of procedures in 1997 and 94.1% in 2012 (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). The mean number of comorbidities among all fusion groups increased from 3.0 in 1997 to 4.2 in 2012 (r = 0.92, p = 0.01). The percentage of patients with complications increased from 15.6% in 1997 to 22.3% in 2012 (r = 0.78, p = 0.07). The average hospital LOS decreased from 6.5 days in 1997 to 5.6 days in 2012 (r = -0.86, p = 0.03). From 1997 to 2012, the mean hospital charges (adjusted to 2012 US dollars) for surgical treatment of AIS more than tripled from $55,495 in 1997 to $177,176 in 2012 (r = 0.99, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Over the 15-year period considered in this study, there was an increasing trend toward using posterior-based techniques for AIS corrective surgery. The number of comorbid conditions per patient and thus the medical complexity of patients treated for AIS have increased. The mean charges for the treatment of AIS have increased, with a national bill over $1.1 billion per year in 2012.
Transient aphasias after left hemisphere resective surgery
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. , Lam Daniel , Babiak Miranda C. , Perry David W. , Shih Tina , Hess Christopher P. , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Edward F. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Transient aphasias are often observed in the first few days after a patient has undergone resection in the language-dominant hemisphere. The aims of this prospective study were to characterize the incidence and nature of these aphasias and to determine whether there are relationships between location of the surgical site and deficits in specific language domains.

METHODS
One hundred ten patients undergoing resection to the language-dominant hemisphere participated in the study. Language was evaluated prior to surgery and 2–3 days and 1 month postsurgery using the Western Aphasia Battery and the Boston Naming Test. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify relationships between the surgical site location assessed on MRI and deficits in fluency, information content, comprehension, repetition, and naming.

RESULTS
Seventy-one percent of patients were classified as aphasic based on the Western Aphasia Battery 2–3 days postsurgery, with deficits observed in each of the language domains examined. Fluency deficits were associated with resection of the precentral gyrus and adjacent inferior frontal cortex. Reduced information content of spoken output was associated with resection of the ventral precentral gyrus and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). Repetition deficits were associated with resection of the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Naming deficits were associated with resection of the ventral temporal cortex, with midtemporal and posterior temporal damage more predictive of naming deficits than anterior temporal damage. By 1 month postsurgery, nearly all language deficits were resolved, and no language measure except for naming differed significantly from its presurgical level.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that transient aphasias are very common after left hemisphere resective surgery and that the precise nature of the aphasia depends on the specific location of the surgical site. The patient cohort in this study provides a unique window into the neural basis of language because resections are discrete, their locations are not limited by vascular distribution or patterns of neurodegeneration, and language can be studied prior to substantial reorganization.
Cervicomedullary tumors in children
Authors: McAbee Joseph H. , Modica Joseph , Thompson Clinton J. , Broniscer Alberto , Orr Brent , Choudhri Asim F. , Boop Frederick A. , Klimo Paul 
Published: June 2015

OBJECT
Cervicomedullary tumors (CMTs) represent a heterogeneous group of intrinsic neoplasms that are typically low grade and generally carry a good prognosis. This single-institution study was undertaken to document the outcomes and current treatment philosophy for these challenging neoplasms.

METHODS
The charts of all pediatric patients with CMTs who received treatment at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital between January 1988 and May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, surgical, clinical, radiological, pathological, and survival data were collected. Treatment-free survival and overall survival were estimated, and predictors of recurrence were analyzed.

RESULTS
Thirty-one children (16 boys, 15 girls) with at least 12 months of follow-up data were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years (range 7 months-17 years) and the median follow-up was 4.3 years. Low-grade tumors (Grade I or II) were present in 26 (84%) patients. Thirty patients underwent either a biopsy alone or resection, with the majority of patients undergoing biopsy only (n = 12, 39%) or subtotal resection (n = 14, 45%). Only 4 patients were treated solely with resection; 21 patients received radiotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments. Recurrent tumor developed in 14 children (45%) and 4 died as a result of their malignancy. A high-grade pathological type was the only independent variable that predicted recurrence. The 5- and 10-year treatment-free survival estimates are 64.7% and 45.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survival estimate is 86.7%.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with CMTs typically have low-grade neoplasms and consequently long-term survival, but high risk of recurrence. Therapy should be directed at achieving local tumor control while preserving and even restoring neurological function.
Reliability of Ischemic Index Grading in Common Retinal Vascular Diseases
Authors: Tsui Irena , Williams Basil K. , Kok Yee Onn , Heilweil Gad , Schwartz Steven D. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Retinal nonperfusion is closely associated with vision-threatening complications such as neovascularization and macular edema. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability of a calculated ischemic index (ISI) by means of intergrader and intragrader agreement on ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) in common retinal vascular diseases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Eight trained graders evaluated 15 UWFFA images provided digitally and re-graded on a different day. They included five eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR), five with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and five with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). To assess intergrader and intragrader agreement and variability among different diseases, the replicate inter- and intragrader standard deviations (SDs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated.

RESULTS:
Mean ISI was 46% for images of DR, 26% for images of BRVO, and 61.3% for images of CRVO. Combined intragrader and intergrader replicate SDs were 17.8% for DR, 3.8% for BRVO and 13.0% for CRVO. Combined intragrader and intergrader replicate coefficients of variation were 38.6% (percent of mean ISI) for DR, 14.7% for BRVO, and 21.2% for CRVO.

CONCLUSION:
Intergrader and intragrader variability was high when assessing DR. This may be due to the chronic nature of DR progression, which can lead to patchy areas of ischemia. Intergrader and intragrader variability was better for CRVO and best for BRVO. This may be due to the acute or subacute nature of retinal vein occlusions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:618–622.]
Current Infectious Endophthalmitis Rates After Intravitreal Injections of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents and Outcomes of Treatment
Authors: Gregori Ninel Z. , Flynn Harry W. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Vaziri Kamyar , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Fortun Jorge A. , Kovach Jaclyn L. , Dubovy Sander R. , Albini Thomas A. , Davis Janet L. , Berrocal Audina M. , Smiddy William E. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the incidence and outcomes of infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patient records at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014, were reviewed. The largest commercial claims and encounters database in the U.S. (MarketScan) was utilized to calculate the population-based endophthalmitis rate for 2011 to 2013.

RESULTS:
The population-based rate of endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injections for 2011 to 2013 was 391/740,757 (0.053%). BPEI’s rate was 20/121,285 (0.016%) during the study period: eight after bevacizumab (0.012%), six after ranibizumab (0.018%), and six after aflibercept (0.031%) injection. Nine BPEI cases (45%) were culture-positive: Streptococcus species (5), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (3), and non-anthracis Bacillus (1). Final visual acuity varied from 20/25 to no light perception.

CONCLUSION:
Endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injection was uncommon in our institution and in the population-based database. Treatment outcomes were variable but generally fared better in the culture-negative cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:643–648.]
DNA-based identification of South Korean Megaloptera larvae with taxonomic notes
Authors: Jung Sang Woo , Vshivkova Tatyana S. , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, which serve as DNA barcodes, have been used to associate immature and adult stages of insects and to delineate species. The partial mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences for South Korean Megaloptera (all known in the adult stage) were tested to identify undetermined larvae as a rapid and effective method from 31 specimens (16 adults and 15 larvae). The COI gene sequences distinguished all six known Megaloptera species, with a low genetic distance between larvae and adults (0.50±0.21%). Based on the COI gene sequences, we associated five types of larvae with known adults including the following four species of newly described larval stages:Sialis annaeVshivkova, 1979 (Megaloptera: Sialidae);Neochauliodes formosanus(Okamoto, 1910) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae);Parachauliodes asahinaiLiuet al., 2008 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae); andProtohermes xanthodesNavás, 1913 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). The known larval stage ofSialis koreanaJung and Bae, 2012 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) was confirmed, and the morphological variation in the male genitalia ofSialis longidensKlingstedt, 1932 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) is discussed. A larval key to the six South Korean species of Megaloptera is provided.
Evaluation of the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in North Indians using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study groups (IADPSG) criteria
Authors: Gopalakrishnan V , Singh R , Pradeep Y , Kapoor D , Rani AK , Pradhan S , Bhatia E , Yadav SB 
Published: June 2015

Objective:
Currently, there is controversy regarding the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as per the newer International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. We studied the prevalence and associations of GDM in North Indians, diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study on 332 pregnant women, predominantly belonging to lower and middle socioeconomic strata. The women were screened for GDM between 24 weeks and 28 weeks of gestation by 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and GDM diagnosed by the IADPSG criteria.

Results:
The prevalence of GDM was 41.9% [95% Confidence interval (CI) 36.6-47.2%]. Amongst the women diagnosed to have GDM, 91.4% had abnormal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), while 1-h and 2-h post-glucose (PG) levels were abnormal in 18.7% and 17.3% of women, respectively. No maternal factors were significantly associated with GDM. Birth weight of the neonates was similar in women with GDM as compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. In the entire group, fasting glucose levels were associated with the weight of the patient while 1-h PG levels were associated with weight, height, socioeconomic score, and parity.

Conclusions:
There is a very high prevalence rate of GDM using the IADPSG criteria in North Indian women of low and middle socioeconomic strata. Further studies are needed to assess the utility of applying these criteria in settings with limited resources.
Short-term outcomes of a program developed to inculcate research essentials in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Devi V , Ramnarayan K , Abraham RR , Pallath V , Kamath A , Kodidela S 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Participation in research during undergraduate studies may increase students’ interest in research and inculcate research essentials in them.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the mentored student project (MSP) program.

Settings and Design:
In the MSP program, students in groups (n = 3 to 5) undertook a research project, wrote a scholarly report, and presented the work as a poster presentation with the help of a faculty mentor. To begin with, the logic model of the program was developed to identify short-term outcomes of the program on students, mentors, and the institution. A quasi-experimental design was used to measure the outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A mixed method evaluation was done using a newly-developed questionnaire to assess the impact of the MSP on students’ attitude, a multiple-choice question (MCQs) test to find out the impact on students’ knowledge and grading of students’ project reports and posters along with a survey to check the impact on skills. Students’ satisfaction regarding the program and mentors’ perceptions were collected using questionnaires. Evidence for validity was collected for all the instruments used for the evaluation.

Statistical Analysis:
Non-parametric tests were used to analyze data. Based on the scores, project reports and posters were graded into A (>70% marks), B (60-69% marks), and C (<59% marks) categories. The number of MSPs that resulted in publications, conference presentation and departmental collaborations were taken as impact on the institution.

Results:
Students’ response rate was 91.5%. The students’ attitudes regarding research changed positively (P = 0.036) and score in the MCQ test improved (P < 0.001) after undertaking MSP. Majority of project reports and posters were of grade A category. The majority of the items related to skills gained and satisfaction had a median score of 4. The MSPs resulted in inter-departmental and inter-institutional collaborations, 14 publications and 15 conference presentations. An area for improvement noted was to have the MSP implemented in the curriculum without increasing students’ overall workload and stress.

Conclusion:
The study identified strengths and weaknesses of the MSP program. Our model of undergraduate research project may be incorporated in undergraduate medical programs to foster positive attitude and knowledge base about scientific research and to instil research skills among students.
Postoperative coagulopathy after live related donor hepatectomy
Authors: Karna ST , Pandey CK , Sharma S , Singh A , Tandon M , Pandey VK 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Coagulopathy after living donor hepatectomy (LDH) may endanger donor safety during removal of thoracic epidural catheter (TEC). The present study was conducted to evaluate the extent and duration of immediate postoperative coagulopathy after LDH.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of perioperative record of LDH over three years was conducted after IRB approval. Variables such as age, gender, BMI, ASA classification, liver volume on CT scan, preoperative and postoperative INR, platelet count (PC) and ALT of each donor for five days was noted. In addition, duration of surgery, remnant as percentage total liver volume (Remnant%), blood loss, day of peak in PC and INR were also noted. Coagulopathy was defined as being present if INR exceeded 1.5 or platelet count fell below 1 × 10 5 /mm 3 on any day. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 for Windows. Between group comparison was made using the Student ‘t’ test for continuous variables and chi square test for categorical variables. Univariate analysis was done. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to find independent factor associated with coagulopathy.

Results:
Eighty four (84) donors had coagulopathy on second day (mean INR 1.9 ± 0.42). Low BMI, % of remnant liver and duration of surgery were independent predictors of coagulopathy. Right lobe hepatectomy had more coagulopathy than left lobe and low BMI was the only independent predictor. There was no correlation of coagulopathy with age, gender, blood loss, presence of epidural catheter, postoperative ALT or duration of hospital stay. High INR was the main contributor for coagulopathy.

Conclusions:
Coagulopathy is seen after donor hepatectomy. We recommend removal of the epidural catheter after the fifth postoperative day when INR falls below 1.5.
Comparing Intelligence Quotient (IQ)among 3 to 7-year-old strabismic and nonstrabismic children in an Iranian population
Authors: Ghaderpanah Mahboubeh , Farrahi Feraidoon , Khataminia Gholamreza , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Rezaei Leila , Tashakori Ashraf , Mahboubi Mohammad 
Published: June 2015

<p>This study was designed to compare the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) among 3 to 7-year-old strabismic and nonstrabismic children in an Iranian population.</p> <p>In this cross-sectional study, 108 preschool children with equal numbers of strabismic/non-strabismic disorder (age 3-7 years) were randomly selected from exceptional strabismus clinics of Ahvaz and were evaluated with the preschool and primary scale of intelligence versions of Wechsler (WPPSI).</p> <p>In the current study, 108 children were evaluated. In strabismic patients the mean performance, verbal and total IQ were 89.46±19.79 , 89.57±21.57 and 91.54±22.08 respectively.These mean scores in normal children were 91.89±47.53 , 87.56±15.6 and 89.96±17.62consecuently .The results showed that these three different IQ subscales were not significantly different among 3 to 7 years old strabismic and nonstrabismic children ((P&gt;0.05 for all comparisons). There was no significant difference in IQ between two sexes (P&gt;0.05) while Persian tribe children had greater IQ score compared to other tribes (P&lt;0.05). Also, higher paternal educational status of children related to higher IQ score. IQ score was better in combined deviations and was higher in exotropes than esotropes; however, these differences were not statistically significant.(p&gt;0.05)</p> <p>In this evaluation, we did not found a significant negative interference of strabismus on IQ score of preschool children. It can be concluded that paternal educational level and tribe have a significant effect on intelligent quotient, while this is not the case on sex and ocular deviation.</p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Intelligence quotient, Strabismus, Deviation</p>
Las revistas electrónicas en acceso abierto: pasado, presente y futuro
Authors: Delgado López-Cózar Emilio 
Published: June 2015

Comienza este artículo trazando el origen y desarrollo de las revistas electrónicas en acceso abierto, cómo surgieron, se fueron definiendo y a qué necesidades respondieron. Se explica cómo se produjo la transición del mundo impreso al electrónico en el diseño y concepción de las revistas; y se señala exactamente cuando se produjo el despegue de este tipo de publicaciones. Para describir la situación actual de las revistas se recurre a los datos proporcionados por el directorio de publicaciones electrónicas Ulrichs y al directorio de revistas en acceso abierto DOAJ. Se calcula el número de revistas circulantes y se ofrece un retrato del perfil editorial de las revistas a día de hoy. Se descubre la existencia de un patrón editorial distinto (lengua, país de edición, tipo de editorial) en las revistas electrónicas de acceso abierto, frente a las revistas que se editan en el mundo y, sobre todo, respecto a aquellas que gozan de mayor prestigio como son las indizadas en los Journal Citation Reports. En las revistas en acceso abierto existe un mayor protagonismo de los países y lenguas no anglosajones; asimismo se detecta una extraordinaria atomización de las editoriales que difieren de aquellas multinacionales que monopolizan el mercado de la comunicación científica. Se concluye reflexionando sobre los retos y amenazas que se ciernen sobre este tipo de publicaciones: sobre cómo se irá diluyendo el mundo impreso, cómo se financiarán las revistas, cómo evitar la extensión del fraude con las revistas pirata y, se anuncia la emergencia de un nuevo modelo de comunicación científica.