bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR5: Treatment of ovarian cancer with targeted tumor-penetrating siRNA nanocomplexes
Authors: Ren Yin , Cheung Hiu Wing , Drapkin Ronny , Root David , Lo Justin , Fogal Valentina , Ruoslahti Erkki , Hahn William , Bhatia Sangeeta , von Maltzahn Geoffrey , Agrawal Amit , Cowley Glenn , Weir Barbara , Boehm Jesse , Tamayo Pablo , Mesirov Jill , Karst Alison 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Whole-genome analysis of cancer samples is identifying many potential therapeutic targets, by virtue of their being frequently mutated or functionally essential in specific types of cancer. However, we lack efficient ways to test the therapeutic benefit of modulating targets in vivo. RNAi offers one potential solution; however, approaches to deliver siRNA in vivo have been challenging due to their susceptibility to serum nucleases, endosomal entrapment, and stimulation of innate immunity. Furthermore, nanoparticle- and antibody-based siRNA delivery approaches have historically suffered from limited tumor penetration and low transvascular transit, thereby limiting the applicability of parenchymal siRNA targets. Here we describe a tumor penetrating nanocomplex (TPN) comprised of siRNA complexed to a tandem tumor-penetrating and membrane-translocating peptide, which enables the homing of siRNA deep into tumor parenchyma. Upon complexation with siRNA, the resulting nanocomplex is stable, non-immunostimulatory, displays homing peptides in a multivalent fashion that increases their binding avidity and delivers siRNA to the cytosol of tumor cells through receptor-specific interactions and membrane translocation. Upon systemic administration into mice, this nanocomplex penetrates into the parenchyma of metastatic peritoneal tumors and silences target genes in cells of interest in a receptor-specific manner. We employed TPNs in vivo to evaluate ID4, a novel candidate oncogene in ovarian cancer, which we identified by combining genome-scale RNAi screening of cancer cell lines with genome-scale sequence analysis of patient tumors. We show that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with ID4-specific TPNs suppresses tumor growth and significantly improved survival. These findings provide a framework for the identification, credentialing, and understanding of novel cancer targets as well as validating a specific therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
This abstract is also presented as Poster B2.
Citation Format: Yin Ren, Hiu Wing Cheung, Ronny Drapkin, David Root, Justin Lo, Valentina Fogal, Erkki Ruoslahti, William Hahn, Sangeeta Bhatia, Geoffrey von Maltzahn, Amit Agrawal, Glenn Cowley, Barbara Weir, Jesse Boehm, Pablo Tamayo, Jill Mesirov, Alison Karst. Treatment of ovarian cancer with targeted tumor-penetrating siRNA nanocomplexes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR5.
Fractional Flow Reserve Assessment of Left Main Stenosis in the Presence of Downstream Coronary Stenoses
Authors: Yong Andy S.C. , Daniels David , De Bruyne Bernard , Kim Hyun-Sook , Ikeno Fumiaki , Lyons Jennifer , Pijls Nico H.J. , Fearon William F. 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Several studies have shown that fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement can aid in the assessment of left main coronary stenosis. However, the impact of downstream epicardial stenosis on left main FFR assessment with the pressure wire in the nonstenosed downstream vessel remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

Variable stenoses were created in the left main coronary arteries and downstream epicardial vessels in 6 anaesthetized male sheep using balloon catheters. A total of 220 pairs of FFR assessments of the left main stenosis were obtained, before and after creation of a stenosis in a downstream epicardial vessel, by having a pressure-sensor wire in the other nonstenosed downstream vessel. The apparent left main FFR in the presence of downstream stenosis (FFR
app
) was significantly higher compared with the true FFR in the absence of downstream stenosis (FFR
true
; 0.80±0.05 versus 0.76±0.05; estimate of the mean difference, 0.035;
P
<0.001). The difference between FFR
true
and FFR
app
correlated with composite FFR of the left main plus stenosed artery (
r
=−0.31;
P
<0.001) indicating that this difference was greater with increasing epicardial stenosis severity. Among measurements with FFR
app
>0.80, 9% were associated with an FFR
true
of <0.75. In all instances, the epicardial lesion was in the proximal portion of the stenosed vessel, and the epicardial FFR (combined FFR of the left main and downstream stenosed vessel) was ≤0.50.

Conclusions—
A clinically relevant effect on the FFR assessment of left main disease with the pressure wire in a nonstenosed downstream vessel occurs only when the stenosis in the other vessel is proximal and very severe.
Stroke After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Guptill Jeffrey T. , Mehta Rajendra H. , Armstrong Paul W. , Horton John , Laskowitz Daniel , James Stefan , Granger Christopher B. , Lopes Renato D. 
Published: April 2013

Background—
Stroke is a rare but potentially devastating complication of acute myocardial infarction. Little is known about stroke timing, characteristics, and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and Results—
We studied 5372 patients enrolled in the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. We analyzed stroke incidence, type, timing, and association with the prespecified 90-day clinical outcomes. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to assess the relationship between stroke and outcomes, after adjusting baseline characteristics and analyzing stroke as a time-dependent covariate. Stroke occurred in 69 primary patients with PCI (1.3%). A third of strokes were ischemic (n=23; 33%), 12% (n=8) were hemorrhagic, and the remaining 55% (n=38) were of uncertain type. The median (25th, 75th percentile) time of stroke occurrence was 6 (3, 14) days. Overall, 43% of strokes occurred within 48 hours of PCI, and all hemorrhagic strokes occurred within 48 hours. Stroke was associated with an increased risk of 90-day death (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8–13.5), congestive heart failure (unadjusted HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3–7.8), and 30-day hospital readmission (unadjusted HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0–5.1). After adjustment, stroke was still strongly associated with 90-day death (adjusted HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 3.2–9.8) and the combination end point of death, congestive heart failure, or cardiogenic shock at 90 days (adjusted HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2–4.7).

Conclusions—
Stroke is an infrequent complication in the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI but is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Studies to determine mechanisms that may be responsible for strokes that occur >48 hours from primary PCI are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00091637.
Thrombolysis Despite Recent Stroke
Authors: Alhazzaa Mohammed , Sharma Mukul , Blacquiere Dylan , Stotts Grant , Hogan Matthew , Dowlatshahi Dar 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Thrombolysis in ischemic stroke is contraindicated in patients who have had a stroke within 3 months. However, it is unclear whether thrombolytic therapy is associated with adverse outcomes in this population. We report the characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with systemic recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the context of known or unknown recent stroke.

Methods—
We identified patients who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator despite recent stroke (within 3 months of acute thrombolysis). Clinical and radiological findings were collected, including early neurological worsening and hemorrhagic transformation on unenhanced computed tomography at 24 hours. Clinical outcome measured by modified Rankin Scale was determined at 3 months from onset.

Results—
Six patients presenting with acute stroke within 3 months of previous stroke were identified (median age, 76 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 8.5). Hemorrhagic transformation was seen in the follow-up computed tomography scan in 3 of 6 cases: all were hemorrhagic transformation 1 (petechial hemorrhage), asymptomatic, and mostly located within the area of subacute infarction. There was no early neurological deterioration, and 3 patients had modified Rankin Scale ≤2 after 3 months.

Conclusions—
In our center, we thrombolysed 6 patients despite recent stroke. Three patients had asymptomatic petechial hemorrhagic transformation within the area of subacute infarct, without apparent neurological worsening. Prospective studies are needed to explore the possible safety of tissue-type plasminogen activator in the context of previous subacute stroke in otherwise eligible patients.
Minority ethnic adolescents’ wellbeing: Child rearing practices and positive family influences
Authors: Ochieng Bertha MN 
Published: April 2013

Objective: This paper examines Black adolescents’ experiences and views on the interrelationships between their families’ parenting practices and their wellbeing. Method: The material is drawn from a community-based qualitative study on the health and wellbeing experiences of Black African families and adolescents. A total of 53 adolescents of Black African origin residing in a county in the north of England participated in the study. Data were collected by means of semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in participants’ homes and youth clubs. Data were subjected to thematic analysis with the aid of a qualitative data analysis software package. Results: While the adolescents acknowledged receiving health-promotion messages from sources such as their peers and the media, they also identified the continued significance of their parents and family network in shaping their behaviours and facilitating their wellbeing. These included specific health-promotion messages such as not to use illegal drugs and cigarettes, and on the dangers and effects of excessive alcohol. In addition, the adolescents believed that their parents’ values, beliefs and child-rearing practices had helped them to cope with social discrimination. Conclusion: Knowledge and understanding of Black families’ child-rearing practices, socio-economic circumstances and life experiences can provide health-promotion practitioners with sound background information for the design and implementation of specific effective health-promotion strategies directed at adolescents.
Simulation Software Accelerates Development of Neural Network Control Applications in the Water Industry
Authors: Adgar Adam , Fletcher Ian 
Published: April 2013

Artificial neural network (ANN) applications have become popular in the field of water treatment process for modelling and control purposes. This is due to the fact that the processes are not well understood and also due to the large amounts of data available which are recorded for regulatory purposes. Development of such ANN applications are made more difficult by the data handling issues. It is often advantageous to try techniques developed on different plant data sets, under different operating conditions etc, but this is difficult to achieve efficiently in software. In this research, however, we have described several different applications of ANNs to demonstrate the significant results which may be achieved. But more importantly we have shown how the ANN application development, modification, comprehensive testing and benchmarking can be efficiently completed. To simplify the presentation, we have omitted a section on neural network architectures and learning processes since this is adequately covered in the paper by Renotte et al included as part of this Special Feature.
Coriolis Mass Flow Metering for Wet Gas
Authors: Lansangan Robbie , Skinner Jacob , Reese Michael , Del Toro Arnold , Tombs Michael , Duta Mihaela , Zhou Feibiao , Henry Manus 
Published: April 2013

Most two-phase applications for Coriolis mass flow metering are for low Gas Void Fraction (GVF) conditions, i.e. where the process fluid is essentially liquid with relatively low levels of entrained air or gas. There are particular challenges associated with metering wet gas, where the GVF exceeds 95%. Established wet gas metering techniques are typically based on a differential pressure-type device (for example an orifice plate or V-cone). It is well-known that such devices over-read compared to a dry gas calibration; equations to correct the reading are available if the degree of gas “wetness” is known. For Coriolis mass flow metering of wet gas, two approaches are described. The natural extension of the low GVF techniques is to map the observed mass flow and density readings onto estimates of the flow rates of the gas and liquid components. The alternative is to use the Coriolis meter to estimate the degree of gas “wetness” (e.g. the Lockhart-Martinelli number) and to apply a conventional correlation (e.g. Murdock or Chisholm) to a differential pressure flow reading. A prototype Coriolis-based wet gas meter is described, together with results from laboratory trials at CEESI in Colorado, and from extended field trials at BP's Wamsutter gas field in Wyoming.
Future Forensics: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Mennell J , Shaw I C , Jickells S M 
Published: April 2013

DNA is probably the most well-known example of forensic science in practice. The UK has the world's largest DNA database in terms of the percentage of the population covered, over four million people, representing 6% of the UK population and covering the majority of the active criminal population. This growth was enabled as a result of the DNA expansion programme and during 2006/2007 alone, I, 175 violent/sex crimes, 852 drugs cases and 7,892 domestic burglaries were linked to one or more individuals on the National DNA Database. However, public confidence in DNA and forensic science has been tested as a result of issues surrounding the growth of the national DNA database and cases such as the Omagh Bombing and Damilola Taylor, which has prompted important ethical issues and concerns to be raised. Despite these concerns, forensic science users and providers are under increasing pressure to build on the success of the DNA expansion programme to ensure that forensic science is used effectively across all crime types. Identifying and articulating a vision for forensic science should enable the impact of forensic science to be maximised, but will also require many areas to be addressed and evaluated. This needs to be done in terms of system drivers, technological drivers and societal drivers and in the context of these there is a need to paint the possible future forensic landscape and boundaries; clearly identifying what we are trying to achieve, what the priorities are and the extent to which we would like to shape the future rather than to merely respond to it.
A Computer System: Measurement of Welding Surge Currents
Authors: Muravyov Sergey V. , Borikov Valery N. , Natalinova Natalija M. 
Published: April 2013

This paper presents both the hardware and software for a system for the measurement of welding process electric parameters. The distinctive feature of the system is its application for control of the process of high-quality contact micro-welding of critical destination products, which is characterized by the pulse current in the range from 100A to 20kA and by the pulse duration from a few to hundreds of milliseconds. The system is portable and consists of the measuring coaxial shunt, oscilloscope and computer with software. Structure, modeling and main principles of constructing the system components are described. Its technical and metrological parameters are given.
Measuring Pulverised Fuel: Using Electrostatic Meters
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Coulthard John , Cheng Ruixue , Keech Ray 
Published: April 2013

This paper describes the performance of electrostatic meters for measuring and controlling pulverised fuel on coal-fired power plant. Typical data obtained from on-line measurements of pulverised fuel (PF) flow in a large-scale power plant demonstrate how the system can be used to measure the fuel velocity and distribution (spilt) to indicate the conveying conditions in each individual conveyor. Results from laboratory tests carried out on a bifurcating system show that the split between two conveyors can be balanced by controlling the back pressure with PF meters providing on-line feedback of mass flow measurements. Based on the results, some of the immediate benefits of continuous PF metering are discussed showing the potential to increase plant efficiency by optimising the fuel distribution to the burners.
Reliable Subsea Equipment
Authors: Deans Gregor 
Published: April 2013

Subsea systems designed for continuous operation on the seabed are required to demonstrate very high reliability and it is not uncommon to encounter requirements that state a 10 year Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and 20 year design life. While the environment on the seabed is in general quite benign and predictable, the importance of system availability to maintain production and the duration over which reliability needs to be demonstrated becomes a critical issue. This short paper briefly outlines the process, results and lessons learned from over four years of qualification testing, reliability analysis and extended life testing as part of the development of an advanced subsea surveillance system to ensure a final commercial product which shall maintain a high availability through-out its operational lifetime.
Subsea Control Fluids: Avoidance of Hydrate Formation
Authors: Knepper Stefan , Wieneke Matthias , Morrissey Chris 
Published: April 2013

With the increasing number of deep offshore production wells, it becomes essential to develop, test and qualify new hydraulic control fluids with enhanced temperature and pressure ranges. These requirements apply especially with focus on the avoidance of hydrate formation in subsea control systems. Due to these technical reasons, but also due to recent changes in environmental legislation, the qualification of new control fluids has become one of the central topics of Cameron's R&D activities. Evaluation of the newly developed fluid “Castrol Transaqua HC10” and the required qualification activities is briefly discussed. The fluid was developed in order to extend the application range especially for deepwater production wells. Drivers for the development have been parameters such as temperatures and pressures, which can lead to hydrate formation in case of a potential gas leakage at the surface-controlled subsurface safety valves. A comprehensive qualification program has been started with the goal to approve the fluid for the use in its first subsea application.
Introduction & Revision of IEC 61508
Authors: Bell Ron 
Published: April 2013

Over the past 25 years there have been a number of initiatives worldwide to develop guidelines and standards to enable the safe exploitation of programmable electronic systems (PESs) used for safety applications. In the context of industrial applications (to distinguish from aerospace and military applications) a major initiative has been focussed on IEC 61508, and other standards based on IEC 61508, have emerged as a key international standards. This paper considers some of the key features of IEC 61508, which has now been available for over 10 years, and indicates some of the issues that are being considered in the current revision of the standard.
Forensic Science: Role of Imaging, Sensing, Identification and Authentication Technologies
Authors: Mennell Julie , Shaw Ian 
Published: April 2013

The development and proliferation of technologies which support the image capture, identification and authentication of biometric markers and individuals, together with sensing/detection technologies provide considerable opportunities, in regard to their potential role in supporting the use and impact of forensic science. Imaging technologies, can be used to support the real time capture of crime scenes and the evidence within, such that the evidence can be subsequently (or potentially real-time) analysed and interpreted. If coupled or integrated with Biometric and other technologies (such as GPS) these combinations could offer the potential to develop systems which provided an ‘alert to crime’ and that could recover, analyse and interpret ‘forensic evidence’; and that would not only automatically report a crime and its location, but also identify and locate the offender. This potential has already been recognised, in relation to the use of CCTV, but there are opportunities to enhance and expand further. These new technologies and methods of data capture provide opportunities to expand the current boundaries of the use of forensic science and the technology used to support it. However, in exploring the potential for further expansion a number areas need to be addressed.
Visual Representation of Safety Cases
Authors: Brain Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

Historically, safety cases in the nuclear industry have tended to follow a visually similar approach; descriptive text using a (gradually evolving) template driven in part by a desire to minimise the scope of changes to legacy safety cases. However, a number of recent factors are beginning to challenge this approach. Academic work and developments in other industries are proposing new structured and diagrammatic techniques and tools such as Claims-Arguments-Evidence and Goal Structured Notation. Additionally, new build projects are offering a ‘clean-sheet’ and an opportunity to break away from a traditional safety case presentation. This paper introduces a number of techniques for representing a safety case and identifies some of the considerations for selecting a presentation. It then presents the Claims-Arguments-Evidence approach proposed to support the C&I safety case for new build in order to describe some real life experience.
Innovations in High Temperature Measurement
Authors: Graham Machin 
Published: April 2013

The precise measurement and control of high temperature processes, typically those above 1000°C, has always been problematic. Recent and unfolding innovations in this area promise step change improvements throughout the measurement chain. This paper outlines, in a stepwise fashion, a series of innovations in high temperature measurement that will facilitate the envisaged step change. The key to realising this is the development of new high performance high temperature fixed points (HTFPs). As will be seen HTFPs are very versatile improving high temperature measurement in a wide variety of settings from the National Measurement Institute to application in a variety of industries (for example improving thermocouple performance through in-situ correction of sensor drift).