bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Yudi M. B. , Eccleston D. , Andrianopoulos N. , Farouque O. , Duffy S. J. , Brennan A. , Reid C. , Clark D. J. , Ajani A. E. ,   Melbourne Interventional Group
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dual antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care in non‐ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS), it remains unclear when a second antiplatelet agent should be initiated. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of pre‐treatment with clopidogrel in patients with NSTEACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsWe analysed baseline clinical and procedural characteristics of 6817 patients with NSTEACS who underwent PCI from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry from 2005 to 2012. Patients were included in the pre‐treatment group if clopidogrel was administered prior to cardiac catheterisation. We assessed 30‐day mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and major adverse cardiovascular events. The safety endpoint was in‐hospital bleeding.ResultsOf the 6817 patients, only 2951 (43%) received pre‐treatment with clopidogrel. Patients in the pre‐treatment group were more likely to present with unstable angina (70.8% vs 68.2%, P = 0.02) and have a history of MI (35.6% vs 23.6%, P < 0.01) but were less likely to have PCI within 24 h of admission (17.2% vs 25.2%, P < 0.01). There was no difference between the groups in 30‐day mortality (0.9% vs 1.4%, P = 0.06), MI (2.0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.52) or major adverse cardiovascular event (3.7% vs 4.2%, P = 0.25). There was no difference in bleeding complications (1.9% vs 1.9%, P = 0.94).ConclusionsPre‐treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy in NSTEACS is not routine clinical practice in Australia. Pre‐treatment appears safe but is not associated with improved short‐term clinical outcomes.
Workplace bullying prevention: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Johnson Susan L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse the discourses of workplace bullying prevention of hospital nursing unit managers and in the official documents of the organizations where they worked.BackgroundWorkplace bullying can be a self‐perpetuating problem in nursing units. As such, efforts to prevent this behaviour may be more effective than efforts to stop ongoing bullying. There is limited research on how healthcare organizations characterize their efforts to prevent workplace bullying.DesignThis was a qualitative study.MethodCritical discourse analysis and Foucault's writings on governmentality and discipline were used to analyse data from interviews with hospital nursing unit managers (n = 15) and organizational documents (n = 22). Data were collected in 2012.FindingsThe discourse of workplace bullying prevention centred around three themes: prevention of workplace bullying through managerial presence, normalizing behaviours and controlling behaviours. All three are individual level discourses of workplace bullying prevention.ConclusionCurrent research indicates that workplace bullying is a complex issue with antecedents at the individual, departmental and organizational level. However, the discourse of the participants in this study only focused on prevention of bullying by moulding the behaviours of individuals. The effective prevention of workplace bullying will require departmental and organizational initiatives. Leaders in all types of organizations can use the results of this study to examine their organizations’ discourses of workplace bullying prevention to determine where change is needed.
The climate space of fire regimes in north‐western North America
Authors: Whitman Ellen , Batllori Enric , Parisien Marc‐André , Miller Carol , Coop Jonathan D. , Krawchuk Meg A. , Chong Geneva W. , Haire Sandra L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimStudies of fire activity along environmental gradients have been undertaken, but the results of such studies have yet to be integrated with fire‐regime analysis. We characterize fire‐regime components along climate gradients and a gradient of human influence.LocationWe focus on a climatically diverse region of north‐western North America extending from northern British Columbia, Canada, to northern Utah and Colorado, USA.MethodsWe used a multivariate framework to collapse 12 climatic variables into two major climate gradients and binned them into 73 discrete climate domains. We examined variation in fire‐regime components (frequency, size, severity, seasonality and cause) across climate domains. Fire‐regime attributes were compiled from existing databases and Landsat imagery for 1897 large fires. Relationships among the fire‐regime components, climate gradients and human influence were examined through bivariate regressions. The unique contribution of human influence was also assessed.ResultsA primary climate gradient of temperature and summer precipitation and a secondary gradient of continentality and winter precipitation in the study area were identified. Fire occupied a distinct central region of such climate space, within which fire‐regime components varied considerably. We identified significant interrelations between fire‐regime components of fire size, frequency, burn severity and cause. The influence of humans was apparent in patterns of burn severity and ignition cause.Main conclusionsWildfire activity is highest where thermal and moisture gradients converge to promote fuel production, flammability and ignitions. Having linked fire‐regime components to large‐scale climate gradients, we show that fire regimes – like the climate that controls them – are a part of a continuum, expanding on models of varying constraints on fire activity. The observed relationships between fire‐regime components, together with the distinct role of climatic and human influences, generate variation in biotic communities. Thus, future changes to climate may lead to ecological changes through altered fire regimes.
Uncovering spatial patterns in the natural and human history of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) across the Amazon Basin
Authors: Thomas Evert , Alcázar Caicedo Carolina , McMichael Crystal H. , Corvera Ronald , Loo Judy 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimOur goal was to test the hypothesis that ancient humans substantially contributed to shaping the current distribution of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), an Amazonian tree species that has been important for human livelihoods since pre‐Columbian times. We scrutinized the putative association between Brazil nut and Amazonian Dark Earth soils (ADE) and geometric earthworks called geoglyphs, and examined the existence of continental patterns in human footprints on Brazil nut stands.LocationAmazon Basin.MethodsWe carried out a spatially explicit meta‐analysis of the variation of Brazil nut stand metrics across the Amazon Basin based on 87,617 density estimates and 488 average stand diameter assessments, and related these to previously published datasets and suitability maps of Brazil nut,ADEand geoglyphs.ResultsWe found consistently higher Brazil nut suitability scores, stand densities and average stand diameters in the vicinities ofADEthan at larger distances, regardless of their position along a gradient from south‐western to north‐eastern Amazonia. For geoglyph sites such a pattern was only found for Brazil nut habitat suitability scores. The available data further revealed an accumulation of Brazil nut stands with increasing densities and average diameters from south‐western to central and eastern Amazonia.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that the chance of encountering Brazil nut stands bearing the marks of past human influences increases from south‐western to central and eastern Amazonia. In south‐western Amazonia, the regeneration of Brazil nut seems to have been controlled predominantly by natural processes, whereas in central and eastern Amazonia, anthropogenic disturbance has been more important since pre‐Columbian times. However, it remains challenging to disentangle human influences on the distribution and abundance of Brazil nut from existing environmental gradients across the Amazon Basin. In general, the results of this meta‐analysis bode well for the future coexistence of Brazil nut with different forms of contemporary human land use.
Cascading costs of reproduction in female house wrens induced to lay larger clutches
Authors: Hodges C. J. , Bowers E. K. , Thompson C. F. , Sakaluk S. K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn many species, females produce fewer offspring than they are capable of rearing, possibly because increases in current reproductive effort come at the expense of a female's own survival and future reproduction. To test this, we induced female house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) to lay more eggs than they normally would and assessed the potential costs of increasing cumulative investment in the three main components of the avian breeding cycle – egg laying, incubation and nestling provisioning. Females with increased clutch sizes reared more offspring in the first brood than controls, but fledged a lower proportion of nestlings. Moreover, nestlings of experimental females were lighter than those of control females as brood size and prefledging mass were negatively correlated. In second broods of the season, when females were not manipulated, experimental females laid the same number of eggs as controls, but experienced an intraseasonal cost through reduced hatchling survival and a lower number of young fledged. Offspring of control and experimental females were equally likely to recruit to the breeding population, although control females produced more recruits per egg laid. The reproductive success of recruits from broods of experimental and control females did not differ. The manipulation also induced interseasonal costs to future reproduction, as experimental females had lower fecundity than controls when breeding at least 2 years after having their reproductive effort experimentally increased. Finally, females producing the modal clutch size of seven eggs in their first broods had the highest lifetime number of fledglings.
Design and implementation of a combined influenza immunization and tuberculosis screening campaign with simulation modelling
Authors: Heim Joseph A. , Huang Hao , Zabinsky Zelda B. , Dickerson Jane , Wellner Monica , Astion Michael , Cruz Doris , Vincent Jeanne , Jack Rhona 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDesign and implement a concurrent campaign of influenza immunization and tuberculosis (TB) screening for health care workers (HCWs) that can reduce the number of clinic visits for each HCW.MethodA discrete‐event simulation model was developed to support issues of resource allocation decisions in planning and operations phases.ResultsThe campaign was compressed to100 days in 2010 and further compressed to 75 days in 2012 and 2013. With more than 5000 HCW arrivals in 2011, 2012 and 2013, the 14‐day goal of TB results was achieved for each year and reduced to about 4 days in 2012 and 2013.ConclusionImplementing a concurrent campaign allows less number of visiting clinics and the compressing of campaign length allows earlier immunization. The support of simulation modelling can provide useful evaluations of different configurations.
Validity of self‐reported sleep bruxism among myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients and controls
Authors: Raphael K. G. , Janal M. N. , Sirois D. A. , Dubrovsky B. , Klausner J. J. , Krieger A. C. , Lavigne G. J. 
Published: May 2015

SummarySleep bruxism (SB), primarily involving rhythmic grinding of the teeth during sleep, has been advanced as a causal or maintenance factor for a variety of oro‐facial problems, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD). As laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) assessment is extremely expensive and time‐consuming, most research testing this belief has relied on patient self‐report of SB. The current case–control study examined the accuracy of those self‐reports relative to laboratory‐based PSG assessment of SB in a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n = 124) and a demographically matched control group without TMD (n = 46). A clinical research coordinator administered a structured questionnaire to assess self‐reported SB. Participants then spent two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Audiovisual and electromyographic data from the second night were scored to assess whether participants met criteria for the presence of 2 or more (2+) rhythmic masticatory muscle activity episodes accompanied by grinding sounds, moderate SB, or severe SB, using previously validated research scoring standards. Contingency tables were constructed to assess positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity and specificity, and 95% confidence intervals surrounding the point estimates. Results showed that self‐report significantly predicted 2+ grinding sounds during sleep for TMD cases. However, self‐reported SB failed to significantly predict the presence or absence of either moderate or severe SB as assessed by PSG, for both cases and controls. These data show that self‐report of tooth grinding awareness is highly unlikely to be a valid indicator of true SB. Studies relying on self‐report to assess SB must be viewed with extreme caution.
Dietary forage concentration and particle size affect sorting, feeding behaviour, intake and growth of Chinese holstein male calves
Authors: Muhammad A. U. R. , Xia C. Q. , Cao B. H. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe objective of study was to evaluate the effect of forage concentration (F:C) and forage particle length (FPL) on sorting, feeding behaviour, intake, growth and body measurements of growing calves. Twenty‐eight weaned calves of body weight 156.79 ± 33.44 (mean ± SD) were used in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with the factors FPL of hay grass (full and short) and hay grass concentrations (low, 50% and high, 65%). The treatments were as follows: full length (FL) with low F:C (50:50), FL with high F:C(65:35), short length (SL) with low F:C (50:50) and SL with high F:C (65:35). Increasing F:C and decreasing FPL enhanced sorting for short and fine particle and sorting against long particle (p < 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was decreased by decreasing the FPL (p < 0.05). Increasing F:C (65:35) increased the DMI (p < 0.05). A positive interaction between FPL and F:C was found for (daily weight gain) DWG, weight gain (WG) and feed conversation ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). In case of feeding behaviour, interaction for eating time and eating time per kilogram DM was present. Increasing the F:C increased the eating time in both FL and SL (p < 0.05). Chopping of hay had decreased the chewing time (p < 0.05). Increasing F:C increased chewing time per kilogram DMI. High F:C decreased the lying time (p < 0.05) in FL and SL treatments (p < 0.05). Increasing F:C reduced the overall abnormal behaviour (p < 0.05). These results suggested that animals performed better at higher F:C at SL diet. Intensity of sorting for short and fine particle and against long particle increased at higher F:C and SL diets. Eating time and eating time per kilogram DMI increased by increasing F:C level in both FL and SL treatments. Chewing time increased by increasing the FPL, while increasing the F:C enhanced the chewing time per kilogram DMI and reduced animal's abnormal behaviour.
Effects of two calculolytic diets on parameters of feline mineral metabolism
Authors: Pineda C. , Aguilera‐Tejero E. , Raya A. I. , Montes de Oca A. , Rodriguez M. , Lopez I. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the influence of two feline calculolytic diets on selected parameters of mineral metabolism.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo dry commercial diets designed for struvite urolith dissolution were evaluated in 14 cats. The study was designed as a two‐sequence, four‐period crossover protocol with a baseline period, two 60‐day “run‐in” periods in which calculolytic diets (Diet 1 and Diet 2) were fed and one 30‐day “wash‐out” period. Data are expressed as median (range).RESULTSFeeding the calculolytic diets for two months did not alter plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and parathyroid hormone. A significant (P < 0.05 in each case) decline in calcitriol was observed after administering both diets from 236.4 (122.4–429.6) to 170.4 (108.0–394.3) pmol/L (Diet 1) and from 278.4 (153.6–492.0) to 177.1 (87.6–392.4) pmol/L (Diet 2). Cats fed Diet 1 showed a significant increase in urine calcium concentration (from 0.3 (0.2–0.5) to 0.4 (0.3–0.7) mmol/L). Magnesium concentration in urine was significantly increased with both diets, from 1.4 (0.1–1.7) to 1.5 (1.3–2.4) mmol/L (Diet 1) and from 1.1 (0.4–1.9) to 2.0 (0.1–3.1) mmol/L (Diet 2).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEBoth diets resulted in an increased urinary concentration of magnesium, through different mechanisms: urine acidification (Diet 1) and increased sodium load (Diet 2).
Esophagogastric junction morphology is associated with a positive impedance‐pH monitoring in patients with GERD
Authors: Tolone S. , de Cassan C. , de Bortoli N. , Roman S. , Galeazzi F. , Salvador R. , Marabotto E. , Furnari M. , Zentilin P. , Marchi S. , Bardini R. , Sturniolo G. C. , Savarino V. , Savarino E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) provides information on esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology, distinguishing three different subtypes. Data on the correlation between EGJ subtypes and impedance‐pH detected reflux patterns are lacking. We aimed to correlate the EGJ subtypes with impedance‐pH findings in patients with reflux symptoms.MethodsConsecutive patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were enrolled. All patients underwent HRM and impedance‐pH testing off‐therapy. EGJ was classified as: Type I, no separation between the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm (CD); Type II, minimal separation (>1 and <2 cm); Type III, ≥2 cm separation. We measured esophageal acid exposure time (AET), number of total reflux episodes and symptom association analysis.Key ResultsWe enrolled 130 consecutive patients and identified 46.2% Type I EGJ, 38.5% Type II, and 15.4% Type III patients. Type III subjects had a higher number of reflux episodes (61 vs 45, p < 0.03, vs 25, p < 0.001), a greater mean AET (12.4 vs 4.2, p < 0.02, vs 1.5, p < 0.001) and a greater positive symptom association (75% vs 72%, p = 0.732 vs 43.3%, p < 0.02) compared with Type II and I patients, respectively. Furthermore, Type II subjects showed statistically significant (overall p < 0.01) increased reflux when compared with Type I patients. Type III and II EGJ morphologies had a more frequent probability to show a positive multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring than Type I (95% vs 84% vs 50%, p < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesIncreasing separation between LES and CD can cause a gradual and significant increase in reflux. EGJ morphology may be useful to estimate an abnormal impedance‐pH testing in GERD patients.
Bacterial‐induced calcium oscillations are common to nitrogen‐fixing associations of nodulating legumes and non‐legumes
Authors: Granqvist Emma , Sun Jongho , Op den Camp Rik , Pujic Petar , Hill Lionel , Normand Philippe , Morris Richard J. , Downie J. Allan , Geurts Rene , Oldroyd Giles E. D. 
Published: May 2015

Summary

Plants that form root‐nodule symbioses are within a monophyletic ‘nitrogen‐fixing’ clade and associated signalling processes are shared with the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Central to symbiotic signalling are nuclear‐associated oscillations in calcium ions (Ca2+), occurring in the root hairs of several legume species in response to the rhizobial Nod factor signal.

In this study we expanded the species analysed for activation of Ca2+ oscillations, including non‐leguminous species within the nitrogen‐fixing clade.

We showed that Ca2+ oscillations are a common feature of legumes in their association with rhizobia, while Cercis, a non‐nodulating legume, does not show Ca2+ oscillations in response to Nod factors from Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234. Parasponia andersonii, a non‐legume that can associate with rhizobia, showed Nod factor‐induced calcium oscillations to S. fredii NGR234 Nod factors, but its non‐nodulating sister species, Trema tomentosa, did not. Also within the nitrogen‐fixing clade are actinorhizal species that associate with Frankia bacteria and we showed that Alnus glutinosa induces Ca2+ oscillations in root hairs in response to exudates from Frankia alni, but not to S. fredii NGR234 Nod factors.

We conclude that the ability to mount Ca2+ oscillations in response to symbiotic bacteria is a common feature of nodulating species within the nitrogen‐fixing clade.
Welfare, Autonomy, and the Autonomy Fallacy
Authors: Dorsey Dale 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this article, I subject the claim that autonomous choice is an intrinsic welfare benefit to critical scrutiny. My argument begins by discussing perhaps the most influential argument in favor of the intrinsic value of autonomy: the argument from deference. In response, I hold that this argument displays what I call the ‘Autonomy Fallacy’: the argument from deference has no power to support the intrinsic value of autonomy in comparison to the important evaluative significance of bare self‐direction (autonomous or not) or what I call ‘self‐direction tout court’. I defend the claim that the Autonomy Fallacy really is a fallacy, and show that my examination of the argument from deference has wider reverberations. Once we clearly distinguish between autonomy and self‐direction tout court, it becomes much less plausible to say that autonomy of itself is an intrinsic welfare benefit.
Moss‐made pharmaceuticals: from bench to bedside
Authors: Reski Ralf , Parsons Juliana , Decker Eva L. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryOver the past two decades, the moss Physcomitrella patens has been developed from scratch to a model species in basic research and in biotechnology. A fully sequenced genome, outstanding possibilities for precise genome‐engineering via homologous recombination (knockout moss), a certified GMP production in moss bioreactors, successful upscaling to 500 L wave reactors, excellent homogeneity of protein glycosylation, remarkable batch‐to‐batch stability and a safe cryopreservation for master cell banking are some of the key features of the moss system. Several human proteins are being produced in this system as potential biopharmaceuticals. Among the products are tumour‐directed monoclonal antibodies with enhanced antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), complement factor H (FH), keratinocyte growth factor (FGF7/KGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), asialo‐erythropoietin (asialo‐EPO, AEPO), alpha‐galactosidase (aGal) and beta‐glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Further, an Env‐derived multi‐epitope HIV protein as a candidate vaccine was produced, and first steps for a metabolic engineering of P. patens have been made. Some of the recombinant biopharmaceuticals from moss bioreactors are not only similar to those produced in mammalian systems such as CHO cells, but are of superior quality (biobetters). The first moss‐made pharmaceutical, aGal to treat Morbus Fabry, is in clinical trials.