bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE EFFECTIVE USE OF GOOGLE SITE AS AN INTERACTIVE MEDIUM IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING
Authors: Utari Anggie Sri , Nasution Muhammad Irwan Padli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract The current rapid advancement of technology has significantly impacted various aspects of life, including the field of education. This research aims to analyze the use of Google Sites as a medium to enhance student learning outcomes. The method employed is qualitative research with a literature review approach or System Literature Review (SLR). This study aims to compare existing theories with previous theories in the research literature. The literature sources used are derived from research results or studies published in scientific articles, with articles sourced from electronic literature search engines such as Mendeley and Google Scholar. The results of the study indicate that the use of Google Sites as a learning medium in the era of technological advancement can improve student learning outcomes
Modelling the Impact of Vaccination on the Control of Measles in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Anjana , Adhikari Khagendra , Gautam Ramesh 
Published: July 2024

Measles is a highly contagious disease in human caused by virus. Despite the accessibility of successful vaccines, measles outbreaks still occur, presumably because of the lack of compliance with vaccination. We developed a mathematical model to evaluate the effects of vaccines in different age structures particularly focusing on two groups, to control and eradicate the disease, that may help the planner. Using our model, we formulate the basic reproduction number R 0 that determines, whether the disease persists or dies out. In addition, we carry out sensitivity analysis to identify important parameters that can play a significant role in the control and prevention of measles in different groups of individuals. Furthermore, we investigate the behavior of the disease and effect of vaccination on disease dynamics over a long period.
Polymer Quenchants
Authors: Totten George E. , Troell Eva , Canale Lauralice C.F. , Simencio Otero Rosa L. , Luo Xinmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents the fundamentals and nomenclature of polymer quenchants and provides a detailed discussion on the polymers used for quenching formulation. The article describes the effect of polymer structure on the quenching mechanism. It also presents the factors affecting polymer quenchant performance. The article details the use of polymer quenchants for intensive quenching and then focuses on the wire patenting processes and polymer quenchant analysis. The article presents the application of polymer quenchants for induction hardening. Finally, it provides details on cooling curve analysis of polymer quenchants.
Other Quenchants and Quenching Processes
Authors: Luo Xinmin , E. Totten George , Canale Lauralice C.F. , Simencio Otero Rosa L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article presents a detailed discussion on the characteristics, types, properties, quenchants, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of quenching: air quenching, water quenching, rinse quenching, time quenching, press quenching, delayed quenching, fluidized-bed quenching, ultrasonic quenching, intercritical quenching, subcritical quenching, ausbay quenching, hot isotactic press quenching, slack quenching, differential quenching, and double quenching.
Petroleum Oil Quenchants
Authors: Canale Lauralice C.F. , Simencio Otero Rosa L. , Totten George E. , Luo Xinmin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, an in-depth overview of petroleum quenching oils is provided, including oil composition, use, mechanism of the oil quenching processes, oil degradation, toxicology and safety, and quenching bath maintenance.
POTENSI EKSTRAK METANOL RHIZOM ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica L.) SEBAGAI BIOHERBISIDA PENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN GULMA SEMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania micrantha H.B.K)
Authors: Egidia Egidia , Mukarlina Mukarlina , Linda Riza 
Published: July 2024

Imperata cylindrica is a narrow-leaved weed that contains phenol compounds in the form of flavonoids and tannins that can inhibit the growth of other plants, so it has the potential as a bioherbicide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of methanol extract of rhizom I. cylindrica on the germination and growth of Mikania micrantha weed and to determine the concentration of methanol extract of rhizom I. cylindrica that well inhibits the germination and growth of M. micrantha weed. This research started from March to December 2023 and was carried out at the Forest Products Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Forestry, Laboratory and Cassa House Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 concentration treatments of 0 g/ml (control); 0.1 g/ml; 0.2 g/ml; 0.3 g/ml and 0.4 g/ml, each treatment consists of 5 replicates. The results showed that methanol extract of rhizom I. cylindrica gave a significant effect on the germination and growth of M. micrantha weed. The methanol extract of rhizom I. cylindrica that best inhibits the germination of M. micrantha weed is a concentration of 0.2 g/ml and best inhibits the growth of M. micrantha weed is a concentration of 0.4 g/ml. Methanol extract of rhizom I. cylindrica has the potential as a bioherbicide to inhibit the growth of M. micrantha weed.
РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ МОНІТОРИНГУ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ МЕТОДІВ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОГО ЗОРУ
Authors: ПРАЧИК Віктор , ЛЯШЕНКО Олена 
Published: July 2024

В роботі наведено результати розроблення ІТ моніторингу НС природного характеру. Описано види моніторингових досліджень, які виконуються в межах ІТ з метою запобігання (зниження ризику виникнення), а також зменшення матеріальних втрат від НС (пом'якшення наслідків), зокрема моніторинг стану небезпечних природних явищ та процесів, моніторинг джерел НС, моніторинг довкілля (екологічний моніторинг), моніторинг пожеж у геосистемах природного характеру. Описано режими проведення моніторингових досліджень: до виникнення НС у режимі повсякденного функціонування, у момент загрози виникнення НС у режимі підвищеної готовності, після виникнення НС у режимі НС.
Описано інформаційні процеси в межах ІТ моніторингу НС. ІТ складається із взаємопов'язаних інформаційних процесів - комплексу процедур збору та реєстрації супутникової інформації, підготовки інформаційних масивів, обробки, накопичення і зберігання даних, передачі даних від джерел виникнення до місця обробки, а результатів - до споживачів інформації для прийняття управлінських рішень. Визначено ролі користувачів ІТ моніторингу НС: Керівник робіт з ліквідації наслідків НС, Керівник ОРС ЦЗ, Командир відділення ОРС ЦЗ, Начальник пожежно-рятувального підрозділу та його заступники. Призначення ролей користувачів дозволяє контролювати дії, які кожен користувач може виконувати в межах ІТ моніторингу НС, оптимізуючи робочий процес. Побудовано діаграму використання для ролі «Командир аварійно-рятувального відділення ОРС ЦЗ». Розроблено БД ІТ моніторингу НС за допомогою MySQL Workbench - графічного інструменту для роботи з серверами та базами даних MySQL. Побудовано структурно-логічну схему БД. Оперативне розв’язання завдань моніторингу НС в геосистемах природного характеру (лісових пожеж) здійснюється за матеріалами мультиспектральних космічних зйомок, отриманих із супутника Landsat 8. Landsat 8 отримує дані, використовуючи два різних сенсори - Operational Land Imager (OLI) та Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), які збирають дані в дев'яти короткохвильових діапазонах та двох довгохвильових теплових діапазонах.
Для виявлення контуру лісової пожежі було застосовано метод сегментації шляхом виділення кордонів об'єктів. Наведено приклади сегментації лісових пожеж.
Aplikasi Kombinasi Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair (Poc) Batang Pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis)
Authors: Dewirman Prima Putra  , Bustari Badal  , Zairi  
Published: July 2024

Penelitian tentang Aplikasi kombinasi konsentrasi POC Batang Pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) telah dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Koto Panjang Ikur Koto, Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, mulai dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi konsentrasi POC Batang Pisang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis). Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 25 unit percobaan terdiri 4 bibit dan semua dijadikan sebagai tanaman sampel, total jumlah terdapat 100 tanaman. Adapun perlakuan yang diberikan: A POC Batang Pisang 0% dan NPK 100% (12 gr), B POC Batang Pisang 20% dan NPK 75% (9 gr), C POC Batang Pisang 40% dan NPK 50% (6 gr), D POC Batang Pisang 60% dan NPK 25% (3 gr), E POC Batang Pisang 80% dan NPK 0% (0 gr). Hasil percobaan dapat disimpulkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi POC Batang pisang dan NPK 16:16:16 terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gaharu memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata pada seluruh variabel pengamatan, Perlakuan B (POC 20% ml/L air + NPK 75% (9 gr) memiliki unsur hara seimbang dengan NPK 100% untuk pertumbuhan gaharu. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan disarankan untuk memberikan naungan dan adaptasi terlebuh dahulu sebelum pindah tanam serta lama penelitiannya diperpanjang.
Study of the relationship between the strength limit and long-term fatigue of steel reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures with a long servise life in aggressive environments
Authors: Berdnyk Oksana , Makarenko Valeriy , Amelina Nataliya 
Published: July 2024

It is known that the fatigue process begins with plastic deformation of the surface layers of the reinforcement metal. Moreover, the movement of dislocations in the conditions of repeatedly alternating stresses is observed at loads below the elastic limit of the metal. The rate of local plastic deformation during cyclic deformation is several orders of magnitude higher than the rate of deformation under static loading. Slip of dislocations begins in grains with a favorable orientation near the stress concentrators. With an increase in the number of cycles in the surface layers, the density of dislocations and the number of vacancies increases. When the basic number of NR cycles is reached, a surface hardened metal layer is formed with a large number of seed cracks, the size of which does not reach a critical value. An increase in the number of cycles cannot cause further development of destruction in such a layer. Only when the stresses exceed the endurance limit do the cracks reach a critical length, after which the process of their draining into the main crack begins with the propagation of the latter. The results of experimental studies indicate a strong influence of diffusible hydrogen on the static and cyclic parameters of crack resistance. It was established that with the increase of flooding, especially when the hydrogen content exceeds 5 cm3100g, both the static strength and long-term strength (fatigue-laziness) decrease sharply. Moreover, these areas of the hydrogen solution in the reinforcing steel are characterized by a viscous nature of fracture, while for heavily flooded reinforcement (from 5 to 12 cm3100g, brittle fracture by the mechanism of micro-split in the hardened (martensitic or troostite structure) is inherent.
The analysis of the obtained experimental results made it possible to determine the optimal content of hydrogen in reinforcing steel (3-5 cm3 100g), the excess of which will cause a decrease in the crack resistance of the reinforcement in the process of long-term operation, especially in corrosive and aggressive environments.
The issue of fatigue of reinforcing steels is very relevant today.
Renovation with height increasing of residential buildings of the 1960s made of precast concrete
Authors: Shekhovtsov Vladyslav , Fesenko Oleg , Malakhov Viktor , Bondarenko Olexiy 
Published: July 2024

For many years, an urgent problemin Ukraine is a technical renovation of the existing housing stock of mass-series buildings. Most of them were built with precast concrete elements inthe 1960s–1970s. The design lifecycle of such buildings was determined for 25 years. Therefore they have obsolescence and backwardness. That expressed in inconformity with modern design codes for residential buildings, the absence of elevators, the unavailability of engineering communications, low heat and energy efficiency and environmental compatibility of such buildings. On the other hand, the technical examinations of concrete structures of such houses showed that at least 80 % of them havenot depleted their bearing capacity resource. The problem of buildings renovation was especially emphasized by the destructive consequences of theRussian federation armed aggression in Ukraine.
The paper describes the experience of renovation with reconstruction of the old 5-storey residential building into modern 9-storey multi-apartment residential building. Construction works included redevelopment of the interior space, elevator installation, and replacement of the utilities by the modern ones and using of up-to-date technologies to improve the energy efficiency of the building. The project provides increasing the number of stories.
Development of a Software Package Architecture for Simulation and Prototyping of Radar Systems and Complexes
Authors: Serdiukov I. S. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Computer simulation and prototyping software can simplify the design process of complex information and measurement systems significantly, including radar systems and complexes. At present, a number of software packages are used to solve these problems to varying degrees. However, these software packages are either versatile, thus being incapable of taking the specifics of radar operation into account and requiring hand-made implementation of mathematical models for simulating radar signals, or are aimed at a narrow range of prototyping problems and algorithm development for processing radar information for a strictly defined radar type (or even a specific model). Some software packages, such as MATLAB, offer extension packages that allow radar signal simulation for automotive radars, as well as radar signal processing; however, these packages cannot cover the full range of simulation and prototyping tasks.Aim. Analysis of current software packages for simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes, justification of the demand and development of the concept and architecture of a software package for simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes.Materials and methods. Systems approach, architectural and conceptual software design, system analysis, criterion analysis. Results. The criteria that software packages for simulating and prototyping of radar systems and complexes must meet were determined. A comparative analysis of the existing approaches and software packages that solve problems arising at various stages of radar development was carried out. A list of requirements for such a software package was compiled, its concept and architecture was developed, and some features of its implementation were determined.Conclusion. The developed architecture allows creation of a versatile software package which could provide solutions to the problems of simulation and prototyping of radar systems and complexes using a single software package. The applied principles of modularity and decomposition ensure versatility and a high potential for adapting software modules, including for creating software for controlling radar prototypes and visualizing radar data in real time.
Methodology for Measuring the Dose Rate of Pulsed Bremsstrahlung Radiation using Gamma Radiation Dosimeters with Geiger-Muller Counter
Authors: Titov N. V. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Industrial monitoring of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation is associated with a number of challenges. Russia produces only three dosimeters that can be used for measuring pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation with a pulse duration of less than 10 gs. These dosimeters, in addition to being rather expensive, have a number of significant restrictions on the energy range (10 MeV) and the minimum pulse duration (10 ns). The DKG-RM1621 dosimeter with a Geiger-Muller counter can be used for dosimetry of photon radiation with energies up to 20 MeV. However, this device is not intended for dosimetry of pulsed radiation.Aim. Development of a methodology for conducting radiation monitoring of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation sources using dosimeters with Geiger-Muller counters.Materials and methods. In 2021, measurements of the dose rate of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation with a maximum energy of 3.0 MeV at pulse repetition rates of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 400 Hz were carried out using DKS- AT1123 (as a reference) and MKS-AT117M dosimeters with a Geiger-Muller counter.Results. A technique was developed for correcting the results of measuring the dose rate of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation by a dosimeter equipped with a Geiger-Muller counter, which allows the dose rate of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation to be measured with an additional error of less than 15 % in a practically significant range of dose rates. For the MKS- AT117M dosimeter at a pulse repetition rate of 400 Hz, this value was 320 gSv/h, which is sufficient for most practical tasks in radiation monitoring.Conclusion. The feasibility and possibility of successful application of dosimeters with Geiger-Muller counters for dosimetry of pulsed bremsstrahlung radiation using the proposed measurement technique with a limitation on the maximum measured dose rate is shown.
Perbandingan Beberapa Metode Univariat Time Series pada Peramalan Curah Hujan
Authors: Silfiani Mega , Lumintang Indah Ayu , Winda Retno Lelly 
Published: July 2024

Latar Belakang: Peramalan curah hujan sangat penting untuk berbagai bidang seperti pertanian, manajemen sumber daya air, keamanan, transportasi dan perencanaan wilayah kota.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini diarahkan untuk mendapatkan model terbaik dalam peramalan curah hujan di Kota Sampali, Sumatra Utara.
Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini meliputi Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), Time Series Regression (TSR) dan Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES). Data curah hujan bulanan Kota Sampali mulai Januari 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2022. Ukuran akurasi yang digunakan untuk perbandingan hasil peramalan yang dihasilkan oleh berbagai model dalam penelitian ini adalah Root Mean Absolute Error (RMSE).
Hasil: Curah hujan Kota Sampali memiliki pola musiman sehingga sesuai dengan metode SARIMA, TSR dan TES yang masing-masing dapat mengakomodasi pola musiman. Model terbaik yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing metode SARIMA, TSR dan TES adalah SARIMA(0,0,0)(0,1,1)12, TSR dengan tujuh variabel yang signifikan dan TES dengan parameter level, tren dan seasonal masing-masing sebesar 0,2, 0,2 dan 0,2..
Kesimpulan: Model terbaik untuk peramalan curah hujan Kota Sampali adalah Triple Exponential Smoothing.
Kata kunci: Peramalan curah hujan, RMSE, SARIMA, Time Series Regression, Triple Exponential Smoothing.
Dinamika Perubahan Dasar dan Tebing Sungai Jambu: Studi Kasus pada Sekitar Jembatan Cikuya
Authors: Aulia Humam , Nugroho Eka , Legowo Sri , Kusmulyono Agus Suprapto 
Published: July 2024

Several cross-sections of the Jambu River, particularly around the Cikuya Bridge, have experienced bank collapse phenomena. This paper interprets the issues related to bank collapse and its impact on the flow capacity of the Jambu River, especially around the Cikuya Bridge. Morphological changes were simulated using a sediment transport model implemented in the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) 6.3.1, integrated with the ARS-USDA Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM). The simulation results indicate that over a period of 10 years, the thalweg elevation (the lowest point of a riverbed) of the Jambu River around the Cikuya Bridge is predicted to experience deposition in 17 cross-sections and erosion in 15 cross-sections. The highest deposition occurs at the cross-section below the Cikuya Bridge, with a thalweg elevation change of 0.59 m. This warrants attention as the storage capacity of the cross-section decreases by 7% from the initial condition. Predictions indicate that bank collapse will occur in 7 cross-sections over the next 10 years. This is attributed to the steep slopes of silt and clay banks, exceeding 45 degrees, and the reduced safety factor of bank stability due to groundwater pressure influenced by river discharge fluctuations and tidal effects reaching the Jambu River. Bank collapse impacts the elevation change of the riverbed and adds load to the sediment transport model from the collapsing cross-sections to the downstream sections. Keywords: Jambu River, Cikuya Bridge, Cilacap, sediment transport, bank stability and toe erosion model
Kajian Tanggul Pengendali Banjir di Kali Pengkol - Kota Semarang
Authors: Limbong Benson Jhon Ferry , Wulandari Dyah Ari 
Published: July 2024

The Pengkol River, situated in Meteseh, Tembalang sub-district of Semarang City, underwent three significant flood occurrences from January to February 2023. An approach involving a structural flood control system, specifically a levee, was suggested as a solution to this issue. The objective of this research is to establish the arrangement and highest elevation of the levee flood control and evaluate its effectiveness in mitigating floods. To determine flood hydrographs, a hydrological analysis was carried out using the Rainfall-Runoff simulation with the SCS Curve Number method. Additionally, a hydraulic analysis was performed using Unsteady Flow simulation with HECRAS 1D/2D hydrodynamic models to define the river body, water profile, inundation, and levee design. The hydrologic analysis indicates that the flood discharge for the 50, 100, and 200-year return periods are 209.5 m³/sec, 225.1 m³/sec, and 240.6 m³/sec, respectively. Based on the hydraulic analysis, the maximum water levels resulting from these return periods' flood discharges are +35.62 m (Q50 years), +35.77 m (Q100 years), and +36.43 m (Q200 years). The Q200 years of return period was chosen for 2D modeling because it resembles documented flood occurrences. Using the HECRAS 2D Unsteady Flow model, it was found that before the levee implementation, the flooded area within the residential zone spanned 9462 m², with a peak water level of +37.3 m. With the levee application, using an existing layout with a total length of 230 m and a top levee level of +37.5 m, flooding was effectively prevented, reducing the maximum water surface elevation to +37.17 m. This demonstrates the levee's effectiveness in preventing floods.Keywords: levee, flood, HECRAS 1D 2D model, inundation. Unsteady flow.