bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ion‐Like Supersilylium Compound tBu3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3
Authors: Budanow Alexandra , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ion‐like silylium compounds tBu3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 and Me3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 were prepared by degradation of the halonium salts [R3Si–X–SiR3][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] {1a(X): R = tBu, X = Br, I; 1b(X): R = Me, X = Br, I}. The bromonium and iodonium salts 1a(Br), 1a(I), 1b(Br), and 1b(I) were quantitatively obtained from R3SiX (R = Me, tBu) and [Ag][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] in dichloromethane at –50 °C. However, the related fluoronium and chloronium salts, [R3Si–X–SiR3][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] {1a(X): R = tBu, X = F, Cl; 1b(X): R = Me, X = F, Cl}, could not be generated under these conditions. Generally, at low temperatures (< –50 °C) the halonium salts 1a(Br), 1a(I), 1b(Br), and 1b(I) are stable compounds. However, at higher temperatures 1a(Br), 1a(I), 1b(Br), and 1b(I) undergo R3SiX (R = Me, tBu; X = Br, I) elimination to form the highly reactive silyl cations [R3Si]+ (R = Me, tBu). Two different decomposition pathways were observed in the thermolysis of halonium compounds 1a(Br), 1a(I), 1b(Br), and 1b(I): (1) the silylium cations [R3Si]+ reacted with dichloromethane, forming 1a(Cl) as well as 1b(Cl); (2) the silylium cations [R3Si]+ degraded the counteranion to give tBu3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 and Me3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 along with epoxide C4F8O. Both ion‐like silylium compounds could be isolated, and single crystals of tBu3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 (orthorhombic, Pnma) as well as Me3Si–F–Al[OC(CF3)3]3 (orthorhombic, P212121) were grown from dichloromethane at room temp. Supersilylium [tBu3Si]+ has higher Lewis acidity than [Me3Si]+, as demonstrated by the reaction of 1a(I) with Me3SiF. Thereby the fluoronium ion 1b(F), along with tBu3SiF and tBu3SiI, was formed.
Thermoregulation and pain perception: Evidence for a homoeostatic (interoceptive) dimension of pain
Authors: Alfonsi P. , Adam F. , Bouhassira D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundExperimental and clinical observations of interactions between the nociceptive and thermoceptive systems have suggested that they could be part of the homoeostatic system relating to the condition of the body, described as ‘interoception’. Homoeostatic physiological systems are extensively interconnected. Thus, consistent with this hypothesis, we would expect thermoregulatory challenges to be associated with changes in pain perception.MethodsThe effects of whole‐body warming or cooling inducing significant changes in mean body temperature were tested in 15 healthy volunteers (29 ± 6 years old) on: (i) the paradoxical burning pain induced by the application of simultaneous non‐noxious thermal stimuli with a ‘thermal grill’ and (ii) the ‘normal’ pain evoked by noxious thermal stimuli.ResultsWhole‐body warming and cooling induced changes in opposite direction of the threshold of the paradoxical pain induced by the thermal grill, consisting of an increase by 1.2 ± 1.7 °C (p = 0.02) during the warming session and a nonsignificant decrease by 0.7 ± 2.7 °C (p = 0.15) during the cooling session. In addition, there was a correlation (r = 0.54; p = 0.002) between the magnitude of the change in mean body temperature and the magnitude of the change in the threshold of the paradoxical pain induced by the thermal grill. By contrast, the thermal challenges induced no significant change in pain evoked by noxious hot or cold stimuli.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with the notion that pain has a homoeostatic (interoceptive) dimension and showed that the thermal grill‐induced pain is a unique experimental model to investigate this differentiable pain dimension.
Loss estimation for non‐ductile reinforced concrete building in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada: effects of mega‐thrust Mw9‐class subduction earthquakes and aftershocks
Authors: Tesfamariam Solomon , Goda Katsuichiro 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper presents, within the performance‐based earthquake engineering framework, a comprehensive probabilistic seismic loss estimation method that accounts for main sources of uncertainty related to hazard, vulnerability, and loss. The loss assessment rigorously integrates multiple engineering demand parameters (maximum and residual inter‐story drift ratio and peak floor acceleration) with consideration of mainshock–aftershock sequences. A 4‐story non‐ductile reinforced concrete building located in Victoria, British Colombia, Canada, is considered as a case study. For 100 mainshock and mainshock–aftershock earthquake records, incremental dynamic analysis is performed, and the three engineering demand parameters are fitted with a probability distribution and corresponding dependence computed. Finally, with consideration of different demolition limit states, loss assessment is performed. From the results, it can be shown that when seismic vulnerability models are integrated with seismic hazard, the aftershock effects are relatively minor in terms of overall seismic loss (1–4% increase). Moreover, demolition limit state parameters, uncertainties of collapse fragility, and non‐collapse seismic demand prediction models have showed significant contribution to the loss assessment. The seismic loss curves for the reference case and for cases with the varied parameters can differ by as large as about 150%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healthcare Cost Regressions: Going Beyond the Mean to Estimate the Full Distribution
Authors: Jones Andrew M. , Lomas James , Rice Nigel 
Published: April 2015

SummaryUnderstanding the data generating process behind healthcare costs remains a key empirical issue. Although much research to date has focused on the prediction of the conditional mean cost, this can potentially miss important features of the full distribution such as tail probabilities. We conduct a quasi‐Monte Carlo experiment using the English National Health Service inpatient data to compare 14 approaches in modelling the distribution of healthcare costs: nine of which are parametric and have commonly been used to fit healthcare costs, and five others are designed specifically to construct a counterfactual distribution. Our results indicate that no one method is clearly dominant and that there is a trade‐off between bias and precision of tail probability forecasts. We find that distributional methods demonstrate significant potential, particularly with larger sample sizes where the variability of predictions is reduced. Parametric distributions such as log‐normal, generalised gamma and generalised beta of the second kind are found to estimate tail probabilities with high precision but with varying bias depending upon the cost threshold being considered. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A QUANTITATIVE EXPLORATORY EVALUATION OF THE CIRCLE OF SECURITY‐PARENTING PROGRAM WITH MOTHERS IN RESIDENTIAL SUBSTANCE‐ABUSE TREATMENT
Authors: Horton Evette , Murray Christine 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMaternal substance abuse is a risk factor for child maltreatment, child attachment insecurity, and maladaptive social information processing. The aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative exploratory evaluation of the effectiveness of an attachment‐based parent program, Circle of Security‐Parenting (COS‐P; G. Cooper, K. Hoffman, & B. Powell, 2009), with a community sample of 15 mothers in residential treatment for substance abuse. Participants attended nine weekly group sessions and were given three measures at pretest and posttest: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (J.J. Gross & O.P. John, 2003), the Parent Attribution Test (D. Bugental, ), and the Parenting Scale (D.S. Arnold, S.G. O'Leary, L.S. Wolff, & M.M. Acker, 1993). The results indicate that mothers who attended the majority of group sessions showed greater improvements on all three variables. Participants who attended some of the sessions showed some improvements on the measures, but participants who did not attend the group sessions had no improvements, and on some measures, declined significantly. Further analyses of demographic data indicates that participants with more education, no personal history of child maltreatment, less time in the residential program, and lower social desirability scores demonstrated more positive outcomes. These findings suggest that the COS‐P may positively impact parental risk factors associated with child maltreatment and maladaptive social information processing in the context of residential substance‐abuse treatment.
Lag Order and Critical Values of the Augmented Dickey–Fuller Test: A Replication
Authors: Kulaksizoglu Tamer 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper replicates Cheung and Lai (Journal of Business and Economic Studies 1995; 13(3): 277–280), who use response surface analysis to obtain approximate finite‐sample critical values adjusted for lag order and sample size for the augmented Dickey–Fuller test. We obtain results that are quite close to their results. We provide the Ox source code. We also provide a Windows application with a graphical user interface, which makes obtaining custom critical values quite simple. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Anti‐Apoptotic Effect of MicroRNA‐30b in Early Phase of Rat Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Model
Authors: Song Chun‐Li , Liu Bin , Wang Jin‐Peng , Zhang Bei‐Lin , Zhang Ji‐Chang , Zhao Li‐Yan , Shi Yong‐Feng , Li Yang‐Xue , Wang Guan , Diao Hong‐Ying , Li Qian , Xue Xin , Wu Jun‐Duo , Liu Jia , Yu Yun‐Peng , Cai Dan , Liu Zhi‐Xian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA‐30b (miR‐30b) in rat myocardial ischemic‐reperfusion (I/R) injury model. We randomly divided Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 80) into five groups: 1) control group; 2) miR‐30b group; 3) sham‐operated group; 4) I/R group, and 5) I/R+miR‐30b group. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were conducted. TUNEL assay was employed for testing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that miR‐30b levels were down‐regulated in I/R group and I/R + miR‐30b group compared with sham‐operated group (both P < 0.05). However, miR‐30b level in I/R + miR‐30b group was higher than I/R group (P < 0.05). Markedly, the apoptotic rate in I/R group showed highest in I/R group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the results illustrated that protein levels of Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3 were at higher levels in ischemic regions in I/R group, comparing to sham‐operated group (all P < 0.05), while Bcl‐2/Bax was reduced (P < 0.05). Bcl‐2 level and Bcl‐2/Bax were obviously increased in I/R + miR‐30b group by comparison with I/R group, and expression levels of Bax and caspase‐3 were down‐regulated (all P < 0.05). We also found that in I/R + miR‐30b group, KRAS level was apparently lower and p‐AKT level was higher by comparing with I/R group (both P < 0.05). Our study indicated that miR‐30b overexpression had anti‐apoptotic effect on early phase of rat myocardial ischemia injury model through targeting KRAS and activating the Ras/Akt pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2610–2619, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partitioning 2‐Edge‐Colored Ore‐Type Graphs by Monochromatic Cycles
Authors: Barát János , Sárközy Gábor N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractConsider a graph G on n vertices satisfying the following Ore‐type condition: for any two nonadjacent vertices x and y of G, we have . We conjecture that if we color the edges of G with two colors then the vertex set of G can be partitioned to two vertex disjoint monochromatic cycles of distinct colors. In this article, we prove an asymptotic version of this conjecture.
Relationship between pelvic floor symptoms and POP‐Q measurements
Authors: Manonai Jittima , Wattanayingcharoenchai Rujira 
Published: April 2015

AimTo investigate the relationship between pelvic floor symptoms using the Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire (PFBQ) and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system (POP‐Q) measurements.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Consecutive women seeking care for pelvic floor symptoms were evaluated. The PFBQ was self‐administered by all patients before they were examined by three urogynecologists according to the POP‐Q. Pearson's correlation and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to investigate relationship between symptoms and POP‐Q findings.ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐seven patients completed the questionnaire and underwent standardized pelvic examination. Anterior, posterior and apical compartment prolapse were found in 95.5%, 78.8% and 35.9%, respectively. Moderate correlations were found between a feeling of bulging and the increasing severity of prolapse of all compartments. For all 8 pelvic floor symptoms, the area under the curve for a feeling of bulge with point Ba and point C was significantly greater than 0.7, suggesting fair ability to predict symptomatic patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the symptom were 60% and 83% when point Ba was 1 cm below the hymen. Whereas they were 55% and 83% when point C was 3 cm above the hymen.ConclusionsThe feeling of a bulge in the vagina is the only symptom that correlated with prolapse of all compartments. The specific thresholds for the feeling of a bulge appear to be 1 cm below the hymen for anterior vaginal wall prolapse, and 3 cm above the hymen for apical prolapse. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:724–727, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Block preconditioners for linear systems arising from multiscale collocation with compactly supported RBFs
Authors: Farrell Patricio , Pestana Jennifer 
Published: April 2015

SummarySymmetric collocation methods with RBFs allow approximation of the solution of a partial differential equation, even if the right‐hand side is only known at scattered data points, without needing to generate a grid. However, the benefit of a guaranteed symmetric positive definite block system comes at a high computational cost. This cost can be alleviated somewhat by considering compactly supported RBFs and a multiscale technique. But the condition number and sparsity will still deteriorate with the number of data points. Therefore, we study certain block diagonal and triangular preconditioners. We investigate ideal preconditioners and determine the spectra of the preconditioned matrices before proposing more practical preconditioners based on a restricted additive Schwarz method with coarse grid correction. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the preconditioners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate and robust contact detection algorithm for particle‐solid interaction in combined finite‐discrete element analysis
Authors: Chen Hu , Zhang Y. X. , Zang Mengyan , Hazell Paul J. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWhen applying the combined finite‐discrete element method for analysis of dynamic problems, contact is often encountered between the finite elements and discrete elements, and thus an effective contact treatment is essential. In this paper, an accurate and robust contact detection algorithm is proposed to resolve contact problems between spherical particles, which represent rigid discrete elements, and convex quadrilateral mesh facets, which represent finite element boundaries of structural components. Different contact scenarios between particles and mesh facets, or edges, or vertices have been taken into account. For each potential contact pair, the contact search is performed in an hierarchical way starting from mesh facets, possibly going to edges and even further to vertices. The invalid contact pairs can be removed by means of two reasonable priorities defined in terms of geometric primitives and facet identifications. This hierarchical contact searching scheme is effective, and its implementation is straightforward. Numerical examples demonstrated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular profiling of tumour budding implicates TGFβ‐mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition as a therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jensen DH , Dabelsteen E , Specht L , Fiehn AMK , Therkildsen MH , Jønson L , Vikesaa J , Nielsen FC , von Buchwald C 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAlthough tumour budding is an adverse prognostic factor for many cancer types, the molecular mechanisms governing this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of tumour budding may provide new therapeutic and diagnostic options. We employ digital image analysis to demonstrate that the number of tumour buds in cytokeratin‐stained sections correlates with patients having lymph node metastases at diagnosis. The tumour bud count was also a predictor of overall survival, independent of TNM stage. Tumour buds and paired central tumour areas were subsequently collected from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens, using laser capture microdissection, and examined with RNA sequencing and miRNA‐qPCR arrays. Compared with cells from the central parts of the tumours, budding cells exhibited a particular gene expression signature, comprising factors involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated TGFβ signalling. Transcription factors ZEB1 and PRRX1 were up‐regulated concomitantly with the decreased expression of mesenchymal–epithelial (MET) transcription factors (eg OVOL1) in addition to Krüppel‐like factors and Grainyhead‐like factors. Moreover, miR‐200 family members were down‐regulated in budding tumour cells. We used immunohistochemistry to validate five markers of the EMT/MET process in 199 OSCC tumours, as well as in situ hybridization in 20 OSCC samples. Given the strong relationship between tumour budding and the development of lymph node metastases and an adverse prognosis, therapeutics based on inhibiting the activation of TGFβ signalling may prove useful in the treatment of OSCC. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel human model of the neurodegenerative disease GM1 gangliosidosis using induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrates inflammasome activation
Authors: Son Mi‐Young , Kwak Jae Eun , Seol Binna , Lee Da Yong , Jeon Hyejin , Cho Yee Sook 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGM1 gangliosidosis (GM1) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) gene. Insufficient β‐gal activity leads to abnormal accumulation of GM1 gangliosides in tissues, particularly in the central nervous system, resulting in progressive neurodegeneration. Here, we report an in vitro human GM1 model, based on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. Neural progenitor cells differentiated from GM1 patient‐derived iPSCs (GM1‐NPCs) recapitulated the biochemical and molecular phenotypes of GM1, including defective β‐gal activity and increased lysosomes. Importantly, the characterization of GM1‐NPCs established that GM1 is significantly associated with the activation of inflammasomes, which play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Specific inflammasome inhibitors potently alleviated the disease‐related phenotypes of GM1‐NPCs in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrate that GM1‐NPCs are a valuable in vitro human GM1 model and suggest that inflammasome activation is a novel target pathway for GM1 drug development. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ghrelin promotes renal cell carcinoma metastasis via Snail activation and is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Lin Tsung‐Chieh , Liu Yu‐Peng , Chan Yung‐Chieh , Su Chia‐Yi , Lin Yuan‐Feng , Hsu Shih‐Lan , Yang Chung‐Shi , Hsiao Michael 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGhrelin is an appetite‐regulating molecule that promotes growth hormone (GH) release and food intake through growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS‐R). Recently, high ghrelin levels have been detected in various types of human cancer. Ghrelin expression is observed in proximal and distal renal tubules, where renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises. However, whether ghrelin is up‐regulated and promotes renal cell carcinogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we observed that ghrelin was highly expressed in renal tumours, especially in metastatic RCC. In addition, high ghrelin levels correlated with poor outcome, lymph node and distant metastasis. The addition of ghrelin promoted the migration ability of RCC cell lines 786–0, ACHN and A‐498. Furthermore, knockdown of ghrelin expression reduced in vitro migration and in vivo metastasis, suggesting a requirement for ghrelin accumulation in the microenvironment for RCC metastasis. Analysis of microarray signatures using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and MetaCore pointed to the potential regulation by ghrelin of Snail, a transcriptional repressor of E‐cadherin. We further observed that Ghrelin increased the expression, nuclear translocation and promoter‐binding activity of Snail. Snail silencing blocked the ghrelin‐mediated effects on E‐cadherin repression and cell migration. Snail–E‐cadherin regulation was mediated by GHS‐R‐triggered Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308. Pretreatment with PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, as well as Akt siRNA, decreased ghrelin‐induced Akt phosphorylation, Snail promoter binding activity and migration. Taken together, our findings indicate that ghrelin can activate Snail function via the GHS‐R–PI3K–Akt axis, which may contribute to RCC metastasis. The microarray raw data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [KIRC gene expression (IlluminaHiSeq) dataset]. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Truncated HBx‐dependent silencing of GAS2 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through deregulation of cell cycle, senescence and p53‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Zhu Ranxu , Mok Myth TS , Kang Wei , Lau Suki SK , Yip Wing‐Kit , Chen Yangchao , Lai Paul BS , Wong Vincent WS , To Ka‐Fai , Sung Joseph JY , Cheng Alfred SL , Chan Henry LY 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide threat to public health, especially in China, where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is found in 80–90% of all HCCs. The HBV‐encoded X antigen (HBx) is a trans‐regulatory protein involved in virus‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Although the carboxyl‐terminus‐truncated HBx, rather than the full‐length counterpart, is frequently overexpressed in human HCCs, its functional mechanisms are not fully defined. We investigated the molecular function of a naturally occurring HBx variant which has 35 amino acids deleted at the C‐terminus (HBxΔ35). Genome‐wide scanning analysis and PCR validation identified growth arrest‐specific 2 (GAS2) as a direct target of HBxΔ35 at transcriptional level in human immortalized liver cells. HBxΔ35 was found to bind the promoter region of GAS2 and attenuate its expression to promote hepatocellular proliferation and tumourigenicity. Further functional assays demonstrated that GAS2 induces p53‐dependent apoptosis and senescence to counteract HBxΔ35‐mediated tumourigenesis. Notably, GAS2 expression was significantly down‐regulated in HCCs compared with the corresponding normal tissues. In conclusion, our integrated study uncovered a novel viral mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis, wherein HBxΔ35 deregulates cell growth via direct silencing of GAS2 and thereby provides a survival advantage for pre‐neoplastic hepatocytes to facilitate cancer development. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.