bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yes, we have no bananas: Consumer responses to restoration of freedom
Authors: Moore Sarah G. , Fitzsimons Gavan J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWhen stockouts restrict consumers' freedoms, two independent responses can occur: product desirability, or a reactance‐based increase in the desire for the unavailable option, and source negativity, or general frustration with the source of the restriction. In four studies, we provide a novel investigation of consumer responses to stockout‐restoration and examine how these two forces combine to affect consumer responses after freedoms are restored. To do so, we investigate two moderators that influence the activation and strength of product desirability and source negativity, respectively: trait reactance and attributions. While all consumers experience source negativity in response to stockouts, only consumers high in reactance experience product desirability, leading to differential responses to stockout‐restoration. Compared to an in‐stock condition, high reactance consumers respond positively to stockout‐restoration, while low reactance consumers respond negatively to stockout‐restoration, in terms of store and product evaluations and store choice. However, when high reactants attribute a stockout to the store, thereby increasing source negativity relative to product desirability, they respond negatively to stockout‐restoration.
Osteoblast‐derived sphingosine 1‐phosphate to induce proliferation and confer resistance to therapeutics to bone metastasis‐derived prostate cancer cells
Authors: Brizuela Leyre , Martin Claire , Jeannot Pauline , Ader Isabelle , Gstalder Cécile , Andrieu Guillaume , Bocquet Magalie , Laffosse Jean-Michel , Gomez-Brouchet Anne , Malavaud Bernard , Sabbadini Roger A. , Cuvillier Olivier 
Published: April 2014

Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation or survival mainly through its surface G‐protein‐coupled receptors S1P1−5. Bone represents the major site of metastasis for prostate cancer (CaP) cells, which rely on bone‐derived factors to support their proliferation and resistance to therapeutics.In the present work we have found that conditioned medium (CM) from the MC3T3 osteoblastic cell line or primary murine and human osteoblast‐like cells, as well as co‐culture with MC3T3 stimulate proliferation of CaP lines in S1P‐dependent manner. In addition, osteoblastic‐derived S1P induces resistance of CaP cells to therapeutics including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. When S1P release from osteoblastic cells is decreased (inhibition of SphK1, knock‐down of SphK1 or the S1P transporter, Spns2 by siRNA) or secreted S1P neutralized with anti‐S1P antibody, the proliferative and survival effects of osteoblasts on CaP cells are abolished. Because of the paracrine nature of the signaling, we studied the role of the S1P receptors expressed on CaP cells in the communication with S1P secreted by osteoblasts. Strategies aimed at down‐regulating S1P1, S1P2 or S1P3 (siRNA, antagonists), established the exclusive role of the S1P/S1P1 signaling between osteoblasts and CaP cells.Bone metastases from CaP are associated with osteoblastic differentiation resulting in abnormal bone formation. We show that the autocrine S1P/S1P3 signaling is central during differentiation to mature osteoblasts by regulating Runx2 level, a key transcription factor involved in osteoblastic maturation. Importantly, differentiated osteoblasts exhibited enhanced secretion of S1P and further stimulated CaP cell proliferation in a S1P‐dependent manner.By establishing the dual role of osteoblast‐borne S1P on both osteoblastic differentiation and CaP cell proliferation and survival, we uncover the importance of S1P in the bone metastatic microenvironment, which may open a novel area of study for the treatment of CaP bone metastasis by targeting S1P.
Spinal cord stimulation: Background and clinical application
Authors: Meier Kaare 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical treatment for chronic neuropathic pain refractory to conventional treatment. SCS treatment consists of one or more leads implanted in the epidural space of the spinal canal, connected to an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Each lead carries a number of contacts capable of delivering a weak electrical current to the spinal cord, evoking a feeling of peripheral paresthesia. With correct indication and if implanted by an experienced implanter, success rates generally are in the range of about 50–75%.
Common indications include complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS I), angina pectoris, and radicular pain after failed back surgery syndrome, and the treatment is also used to treat stump pain after amputation, and pain due to peripheral nerve injury, peripheral vascular disease, and diabetic neuropathy.
Recommended contraindications for the treatment include pregnancy, coagulopathy, severe addiction to psychoactive substances, and lack of ability to cooperate (e.g. due to active psychosis or cognitive impairment). Most common complications to the treatment include lead migration, lead breakage, infection, pain over the implant, and dural puncture.
Despite extensive research in the area, the mechanisms of action are still only partially understood.

Methods
In this topical review the historical background behind the treatment is described and the current theories on the mechanism of action are presented. The implantation procedure is described in detail and illustrated with a series of intraoperative pictures. Finally, indications for SCS are discussed along with some of the controversies surrounding the therapy.

Implications
The reader is presented with a broad overview of spinal cord stimulation, including the historical and theoretical background, practical implantation technique, and clinical application.
Holocene storminess inferred from sediments of two lakes on Adak Island, Alaska
Authors: Krawiec Anne C.L. , Kaufman Darrell S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe abundance of sedimentary organic material from two lakes was used to infer past Holocene storminess on Adak Island where frequent storms generate abundant rainfall and extensive cloud cover. Andrew and Heart Lakes are located 10 km apart; their contrasting physical characteristics cause the sedimentary organic matter to respond differently to storms. Their records were synchronized using correlated tephra beds. Sedimentation rates increased between 4.0 and 3.5 ka in both lakes. Over the instrumental period, Andrew Lake biogenic-silica content (BSi) is most strongly correlated with winter sunlight availability, which influences photosynthetic production, and river input, which influences the dilution of BSi by mineral matter. Heart Lake BSi is likely affected by wind-driven remobilization of sediment, as suggested by correlations among BSi, the North Pacific Index, and winter storminess. The results indicate relatively stormy conditions from 9.6 to 4.0 ka, followed by drying between 4.0 and 2.7 ka, with the driest conditions from 2.7 to 1.5 ka. The stormiest period was between AD 500 and 1200, then drying from 1150 to 1500 and more variable until 1850. This record of Holocene storminess fills a major gap at the center of action for North Pacific wintertime climate.
Protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity
Authors: Cho S I , Lee J H , Park J H , Do N Y 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:Ototoxicity due to cisplatin therapy interferes with treatment and often forces a reduction in the dosage, duration and frequency of the cisplatin therapy. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is known to have the highest antioxidant potency among all tea catechins. This study aimed to investigate the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on cisplatin ototoxicity in an auditory cell line: House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells.Methods:Cultured House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells were exposed to cisplatin with or without pre-treatment with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cell viability was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to identify cells undergoing apoptosis. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine whether (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited cisplatin-induced caspase activation. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was examined to investigate whether (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate was capable of scavenging cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation.Results:Cell viability significantly increased in cells pre-treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared with cells exposed to cisplatin alone. Cisplatin increased cleaved caspase-3 on Western blot analysis; however, pre-treatment with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited the expression of caspase-3. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuated reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cells.Conclusion:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protected against cisplatin cytotoxicity through anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects. Therefore, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate could play a preventive role in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry to predict high dependency unit intervention in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Lightbody K A , Kinshuck A J , Donne A J 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground:Post-operative high dependency unit beds are often requested for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. This study evaluated the utilisation of high dependency unit beds for such cases at our institution, a paediatric tertiary referral centre.Method:A retrospective case note review of patients admitted to the high dependency unit following adenotonsillar surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea, over a two-year period, was performed.Results:Sixty-six cases were identified. Thirty-nine patients underwent pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry; of these, 30 patients had desaturations noted. Seventeen patients had significant post-operative desaturations. These were predicted in all 11 patients who had undergone pre-operative pulse oximetry. The remaining six had not undergone pre-operative pulse oximetry. Nineteen patients required high dependency unit care; eight had experienced post-operative desaturations.Conclusion:High dependency unit care may be required following adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea. In this study, pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry had 100 per cent sensitivity in predicting post-operative desaturations, and may therefore aid the appropriate utilisation of high dependency unit beds for patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea.
Nordic Earner–Carer Models – Why Stability and Instability?
Authors: ELLINGSÆTER ANNE LISE 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEarner–carer policy models aiming at the engagement of mothers and fathers in both paid and unpaid work are a hallmark of the Nordic welfare states. But they have not become uncontested policy equilibriums. Examining family policy development through the theoretical lenses of party competition and incremental change helps uncover underlying tensions and ongoing struggles. In contrast to convergence and stability in regard to moderately long parental leave at high replacement rates and in the provision of universal publicly-funded childcare services, daddy quotas, i.e., earmarked leave for fathers, and cash-for-care benefits are contested and in flux. Policy stability is associated with layering of policy elements that satisfy multiple policy rationales, elements that are also vital in working parents’ organisation of everyday life. By contrast, the main source of instability, including policy displacement, is party competition over values of ‘equal parenthood’ versus ‘parental choice’, largely following a left–right divide.
Framing Privatisation in the English National Health Service
Authors: POWELL MARTIN , MILLER ROBIN 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe debate on privatisation is central to social policy, yet it tends to generate more heat than light as definitions and operationalisations of ‘privatisation’ are often implicit, unclear and conflicting. This paper aims to explore the extent of privatisation in the NHS over three periods of government through the lens of three approaches of Mixed Economy of Welfare, Wheels of Welfare and Publicness. All have two dimensions of provision and finance in common, but Mixed Economy of Welfare and Publicness stress the third dimension, that of regulation, while Wheels of Welfare stresses decision. All three approaches agree that some policies in the NHS constitute privatisation, but there is some disagreement largely stemming from their differential stress on regulation or decision. It is important to introduce a degree of transparency in the debate which provides clear definitions and rationales. However, all approaches require further development which focuses on the important but neglected point of how different types of privatisation lead to different impacts on patients.
McShane's identity in rank one symmetric spaces
Authors: KIM INKANG , KIM JOONHYUNG , TAN SER PEOW 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study McShane's identity in real and complex hyperbolic spaces and obtain various generalizations of the identity for representations of surface groups into the isometry groups of rank one symmetric spaces. Our methods unify most of the existing methods used in the existing literature for proving this class of identities.
Paper type classification based on a new 3D surface texture measure
Authors: Malekmohamadi H. , Emrith K. , Pollard S. , Adams G. , Smith M. , Simske S. 
Published: April 2014

A novel three‐dimensional (3D) surface texture measure (3DSTM) is presented based on the micro‐geometry of paper surfaces to classify different paper substrates. This is useful to automatically determine whether a document is printed on the correct paper substrate to help identify fraud. We use a 4‐light source photometric stereo (PS) method to recover the dense 3D geometry of paper surfaces captured using a high‐resolution sensing device. We derive a unique 3DSTM for each paper type based on the shape index (SI) map generated from the surface normals of the 3D data. We show that the proposed 3DSTM can robustly and accurately classify paper substrates with different physical properties and different surface textures. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated over a dataset comprising of 21 printed and 22 non‐printed paper types and a measure of success over 92% is achieved.
InAs nanowire MOSFET differential active mixer on Si‐substrate
Authors: Persson K.‐M. , Berg M. , Sjöland H. , Lind E. , Wernersson L.‐E. 
Published: April 2014

An active single balanced down‐conversion mixer is implemented using InAs nanowire metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) as both active devices and passive resistive loads. Circuits with 6 dB low‐frequency voltage gain and a 3 dB bandwidth of 2 GHz are measured for a DC power consumption of 3.8 mW from a 1.5 V supply. The circuits are fabricated using contacts made with 12 μm‐line‐width optical lithography.
Surface plasmon resonance properties of DC magnetron sputtered Ag nanoislands on ITO‐glass and In2O3‐PET substrates
Authors: Tong Fei , Chung Yoonsung , Goswami J. , Davis V. , Hamilton M. , Kim Dong‐Joo , Koo Halen , K. Lee Kyeong , Park Minseo 
Published: April 2014

Films of Ag nanoislands (NIs) were successfully grown on two different transparent conducting oxide coated substrates (indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass and indium oxide (In2O3) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible film) by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The morphology of the Ag NIs was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both SEM and TEM confirm the formation of silver NIs. To amplify the localised surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, post‐deposition annealing was performed at 200°C for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, resulting in tuning the shape and size of the NIs. Optical transmission spectroscopy was performed in the ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared spectral region to examine the SPR characteristics of the Ag NIs deposited on ITO‐glass and In2O3‐PET. Post‐deposition annealing is found to tune the SPR wavelength and results in strong enhancement of the SPR of the Ag NIs on both ITO‐glass and In2O3‐PET. DC magnetron sputtering and the post‐deposition annealing technique can be applied for the growth of size‐controlled Ag NIs. The result can be applied to the enhancement of the efficiency of organic light emitting diodes and solar cells.
Abrupt increases in Amazonian tree mortality due to drought–fire interactions
Authors: Brando Paulo Monteiro , Balch Jennifer K. , Nepstad Daniel C. , Morton Douglas C. , Putz Francis E. , Coe Michael T. , Silvério Divino , Macedo Marcia N. , Davidson Eric A. , Nóbrega Caroline C. , Alencar Ane , Soares-Filho Britaldo S. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Climate change alone is unlikely to drive severe tropical forest degradation in the next few decades, but an alternative process associated with severe weather and forest fires is already operating in southeastern Amazonia. Recent droughts caused greatly elevated fire-induced tree mortality in a fire experiment and widespread regional forest fires that burned 5–12% of southeastern Amazon forests. These results suggest that feedbacks between fires and extreme climatic conditions could increase the likelihood of an Amazon forest “dieback” in the near-term. To secure the integrity of seasonally dry Amazon forests, efforts to end deforestation must be accompanied by initiatives that reduce the accidental spread of land management fires into neighboring forest reserves and effectively suppress forest fires when they start.
Selective inhibition of the function of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 with a phosphorylation site-specific intrabody
Authors: Koo Mi Young , Park Jiyoung , Lim Jung Mi , Joo Sei Yoon , Shin Seung-Pil , Shim Hyun Bo , Chung Junho , Kang Dongmin , Woo Hyun Ae , Rhee Sue Goo 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceIn response to a variety of extracellular stimuli, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is phosphorylated on Tyr705 (pYSTAT3) or Ser727 (pSSTAT3), and signal transmission by those stimuli depend on pYSTAT3 as well as pSSTAT3 and unphosphorylated protein (USTAT3). Here we prepared an intrabody (an antibody that is expressed within the cell) that binds specifically to the tyrosine-phosphorylated site of pYSTAT3 and demonstrated that the engineered intrabody is able to block selectively the downstream effects of pYSTAT3 without influencing those of pSSTAT3 and USTAT3 in cultured cells as well as mouse liver. Our results demonstrate the potential of intrabodies as tools to dissect the cellular functions of specific modified forms of proteins that exist as multiple species.
Structure of the Toll-Spätzle complex, a molecular hub in
Drosophila
development and innate immunity
Authors: Parthier Christoph , Stelter Marco , Ursel Christian , Fandrich Uwe , Lilie Hauke , Breithaupt Constanze , Stubbs Milton T. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
During the earliest stages of fruit fly development, differentiation of the embryo into dorsal and ventral sections commences following the localized initiation of a proteolytic cascade that culminates in cleavage and activation of the human nerve growth factor-like cystine knot protein Spätzle. In turn, this activated ligand activates the Toll receptor, instigating an intracellular signal cascade that leads to location-specific cell differentiation. Both Toll and Spätzle are also integral to pathogen recognition in adult flies, where a similar proteolytic cascade results in triggering of the innate immune response. Despite functional similarities to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of mammalian innate immunity, the structure of the Toll-Spätzle complex described here exhibits a number of features that have not been observed in TLRs.
Endemism and functional convergence across the North American soil mycobiome
Authors: Talbot Jennifer M. , Bruns Thomas D. , Taylor John W. , Smith Dylan P. , Branco Sara , Glassman Sydney I. , Erlandson Sonya , Vilgalys Rytas , Liao Hui-Ling , Smith Matthew E. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Microbes control vital ecosystem processes like carbon storage and nutrient recycling. Although megadiversity is a hallmark of microbial communities in nature, we still do not know how microbial diversity determines ecosystem function. We addressed this issue by isolating different geographic and local processes hypothesized to shape fungal community composition and activity in pine forests across the continental United States. Although soil enzyme activity varied across soils according to resource availability, enzyme activity was similar across different fungal communities. These observations indicate that much of fungal diversity plays an equal role in soil biogeochemical cycles. However, soil fungal communities vary dramatically in space, indicating that individual species are endemic to bioregions within the North American continent.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Survival of Fish Impinged on Modified Traveling Water Screens
Authors: Black Jonathan L. , Perry Elgin S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Traveling water screens (TWSs) modified for fish protection can be used at power plant cooling water intakes to reduce the injury to and mortality of impinged fish. Existing biological efficacy data show that postimpingement survival is highly variable by species and has improved over time as screen designs have incorporated more fish-friendly features. Data with the improved screen designs were largely absent for many freshwater species prior to this evaluation. The mortality, injury, and scale loss rates of 10 species of freshwater fish impinged and recovered with a modified Ristroph-style TWS were evaluated in a laboratory flume. Fish were impinged at a 0.3-, 0.6-, or 0.9-m/s approach velocity. Over 13,000 fish were tested in more than 100 replicates during the study. Mortality rates did not exceed 5% for any species and velocity tested. Despite a general trend toward increasing mortality at higher velocities, velocity was only a significant factor in the mortality of Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus. Injury and scale loss rates were low for most of the species tested, although they were more variable than the observed rates of mortality. There was a trend toward lower mortality, injury, and scale loss in larger fish. In all cases in which fish length was a significant factor, the pattern of decreasing mortality, injury, and scale loss as fish increased in length was consistently observed. These results indicate that TWSs modified for fish protection have the potential to prevent impingement losses at power plant intakes.
Received June 28, 2013; accepted October 25, 2013