bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonal Crowding Effects In Buenos Aires Spanish: An Experimental Study
Authors: Thornberry Philip A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This study provides insight into the consequences of tonal crowding in Buenos Aires Spanish, enriching our current knowledge of the phonetic phenomena in this variety of Spanish. The present work is an experimental study that elicits 270 broad focus declarative statements in varying degrees of tonal crowding from five native speakers of this dialect. To achieve this, the number of unstressed syllables between stressed syllables in content words was manipulated to observe how the scaling and alignment of L and H tones, rise times, and syllable durations in prenuclear pitch accents all respond in different phonetic conditions. The results indicate that temporal and scaling reorganization is a prerequisite for the realization of two pitch accents in tonal crowding situations in Buenos Aires Spanish, though in ways differing from other dialects of Spanish. The first pitch accent remains largely unaffected, while the second pitch accent appears to be deaccented entirely.
Language contacts in Georgian Internet forums
Authors: Amaghlobeli Natia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper reviews different types of language contacts found in Georgian forum discussions. We will consider natural, oral/written and natural/electronic language contacts, style-shifting and mixed contacts. The frequency and the reason of the use of borrowings, code-switching and shortenings will be considered as well as the question of why Georgian language does not allow some shortening forms – specific for English, French or German internet slang – will be discussed.
Is the Samaritan Pentateuch a Sectarian Text?
Authors: Gallagher Edmond L. 
Published: March 2015

Wissenschaftler kennzeichnen den Samaritanischen Pentateuch (SP) auf Grund einiger Abweichungen zum masoretischen Text (MT) üblicherweise als einen sektierischen Text. Diese Stellen heben den Kult auf dem Garizim besonders hervor. Neuerdings verstehen Wissenschaftler einige der besonders als sektiererisch klassifizierten Stellen durchaus nicht als sektiererisch, auch wenn der SP weiterhin als tendenziös und sektiererisch eingeordnet wird. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Gründe für die Verwendung dieser Kennzeichnungen mit Blick auf den SP und fragt nach dem Nutzen solcher Klassifikationen.Scholars routinely describe the Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) as a sectarian text, owing to the presence of a few variants in the SP in comparison with the Masoretic Text (MT). These particular readings are thought to highlight the Gerizim cult in a way peculiarly appropriate to Samaritanism and inappropriate for Jewish texts. But scholars now interpret some of the most prominent »sectarian « elements of the SP as not sectarian at all, even while continuing to label the SP tendentious and sectarian. This paper examines the reasons for applying these terms to the SP and queries the usefulness of describing it in this manner.Les chercheurs décrivent systématiquement le Pentateuque samaritain comme un texte sectaire, en raison de quelques variantes dans le Pentateuque samaritain par rapport au texte massorétique. Ces lectures spécifiques ont pour but d’accentuer dans le Pentateuque le culte au mont Garizim et ceci de manière particulièrement adaptée au courant samaritain mais inadéquat du point de vue du judaïsme. A présent cependant, plusieurs chercheurs interprètent quelquesuns des plus importants éléments dits »sectaires« du Pentateuque samaritain comme n’étant pas sectaires du tout, même s’ils continuent à étiqueter le Pentateuque samaritain comme tendancieux et sectaire. Cet article examine les raisons pour lesquelles on applique ces termes au Pentateuque samaritain et s’interroge sur l’utilité de le décrire de cette manière.
Synthesis of bis-thiazolidin-4-ones from N,N,N″-(1,ω-alkanediyl)bis(N″-organylthiourea) derivatives
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , El-Shaieb Kamal M.A. , Abd El-Aal Amal S. , Bräse Stefan , Nieger Martin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A new series of (2Z,2′E)-dimethyl 2,2′-[(2Z,2′Z)-3,3′-(alkanediyl)bis(4-oxo-2-iminothiozolidin-3-yl-5-ylidene)]acetates has been synthesized by the reaction of N,N″-(1,ω-alkanediyl)bis(N′-organylthiourea) derivatives with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The structures were established by spectroscopic data, elemental analyses, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. A rationale for the formation of the products is presented.
Tl2C2O4·H2C2O4: a new crystalline form of thallium(I) oxalate
Authors: Piro Oscar E. , Echeverría Gustavo A. , González-Baró Ana C. , Baran Enrique J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The title compound was prepared by reaction, in aqueous solution, of Tl2CO3 and H2C2O4·2H2O in a molar ratio of 1:2. Its crystal structure was solved by X-ray diffraction methods. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a with Z = 2 molecules per unit cell. The oxalic acid molecule and the oxalate anion are planar, residing on crystallographic inversion centers, and linked to each other by strong O–H···O hydrogen bonds giving rise to a polymeric structure. The Tl(I) ion is in a distorted polyhedral coordination with nine neighboring O atoms, five of oxalate anions and four others of oxalic acid molecules. The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the compound were also recorded and are briefly discussed.
The solid solutions CeRu1–x
Pd
x
Sn and CeRh1–x
Pd
x
Sn – Applicability of the ICF model to determine intermediate cerium valencies by comparison with XANES data
Authors: Niehaus Oliver , Abdala Paula M. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Several samples of the solid solutions CeRu1–x
Pd
x
Sn and CeRh1–x
Pd
x
Sn have been synthesized by arc-melting and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Guinier powder patterns prove that the ZrNiAl-type structure is the dominating one, besides the CeRuSn and TiNiSi type structures. The structures of CeRu0.28Pd0.72Sn (ZrNiAl type, P6̅2m, a = 751.95(3), c = 418.70(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0274, 332 F
2 values, 14 variables) and CeRh0.66Pd0.34Sn (ZrNiAl type, P6̅2m, a = 750.26(3), c = 411.59(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0533, 358 F
2 values, 14 variables) were refined from single crystal diffractometer data. Magnetic measurements in combination with XANES (X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) clearly proved intermediate cerium valencies for most compounds and revealed the best fitting parameters for those with the ICF model (Interconfiguration fluctuation). The electrical resistivity is also influenced by the substitutions. At low and high valence electron counts (VECs) metallic character is present, while around the VEC of CeRhSn the typical resistivity behavior for valence fluctuating compounds is observed.
Self-Help and the Helpless Subject
Authors: Murray Cara E. 
Published: March 2015

Cara E. Murray, “Self-Help and the Helpless Subject: Samuel Smiles and Biography’s Objects” (pp. 481–508)
This essay examines how the changing relationship between human subjects and industrial objects in the industrial age redraws the conventions of the most influential strand of nineteenth-century biography, self-help. It argues that Samuel Smiles’s greatest contribution to biography, self-help, arises from his initial recognition of how, in an industrial age, objects shape subjects, and then from his subsequent demonstration of how subjects surmount that very phenomenon. By tracing the strides that Smiles makes in his biographical project from his earliest speeches in the mid-1840s, and then to his technical and biographical writings of the following decade, to his synthesis of these two forms in Self-Help (1859), this essay demonstrates how Smiles develops the genre of self-help out of writing about men’s changing relation to objects. It argues that Self-Help teaches the paradoxical lesson that at the height of industrialization men no longer need to depend upon machines. With this message, Self-Help invigorates biography by providing it with the ideological purpose of teaching Victorians that in the age of machines man can help himself.
Reduced sleep quality and depression associate with decreased quality of life in patients with pituitary adenomas
Authors: Leistner Sarah M , Klotsche Jens , Dimopoulou Christina , Athanasoulia Anastasia P , Roemmler-Zehrer Josefine , Pieper Lars , Schopohl Jochen , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Stalla Günter K , Fulda Stephany , Sievers Caroline 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesSeveral studies reported decreased quality of life (QoL) and sleep as well as increased rates of depression for patients with pituitary adenomas. Our aim was to explore to what extent differences in depression and sleep quality contribute to differences in QoL between patients with pituitary adenomas and controls.DesignA cross-sectional case–control study.SettingEndocrine Outpatient Unit of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Department of Internal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, and the Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University, Dresden.ParticipantsPatients with pituitary adenomas (n=247) and controls (from the DETECT cohort, a large epidemiological study in primary care patients) matched individually by age and gender (n=757).MeasurementsSleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and QoL was measured by the generic EQ-5D and calculated by the time trade-off- and VAS-method. Depression was categorized as ‘no depression’, ‘subclinical depression’, and ‘clinical depression’ according to the Beck Depressions Inventory for patients and the Depression Screening Questionnaire for control subjects.Statistical analysesGeneral linear and generalized, logistic mixed models as well as proportional odds mixed models were calculated for analyzing differences in baseline characteristics and in different subgroups.ResultsPatients with pituitary adenomas showed decreased QoL (VAS index: 0.73±0.19) and sleep (PSQI score: 6.75±4.17) as well as increased rates of depression (subclinical or clinical depression: 41.4%) compared with their matched control subjects (VAS index: 0.79±0.18, PSQI score: 5.66±4.31, subclinical or clinical depression: 25.9%). We have shown that a substantial proportion of the reduced QoL (48% respectively 65%) was due to the incidence of depression and reduced sleep quality.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of diagnosing depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in patients with pituitary disease, with the ultimate goal to improve QoL in patients with pituitary adenomas.
Giant GH-secreting pituitary adenomas: management of rare and aggressive pituitary tumors
Authors: Shimon Ilan , Jallad Raquel S , Fleseriu Maria , Yedinak Chris G , Greenman Yona , Bronstein Marcello D 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesPatients with acromegaly usually harbor macroadenomas measuring between 10 and 30 mm in maximal diameter. Giant (adenoma size ≥40 mm) GH-secreting pituitary tumors are rarely encountered and the aim of this study is to analyze different methods for managing them.Design and methodsWe have identified 34 patients (15 men and 19 females) with giant adenomas among 762 subjects (4.5%) with acromegaly in our records, and characterized their clinical characteristics and response to treatment.ResultsMean age at diagnosis was 34.9±12.5 years (range, 16–67 years). Mean adenoma size was 49.4±9.4 mm (range, 40–80 mm); 30 adenomas showed cavernous sinus invasion and 32 had suprasellar extension. Twenty-nine (85%) patients had visual field defects. Mean baseline IGF1 was 3.4±1.8×ULN. All patients except one underwent pituitary surgery (one to three procedures), but none achieved hormonal remission following first surgery. Among the 28 subjects with visual disturbances, 14 recovered post-operatively and 13 improved. Treatment with somatostatin analogs was given to all patients after surgical failure. Six achieved remission, nine others were partially controlled (IGF1<1.5×ULN; 3/9 when combined with cabergoline), and 17 did not respond (two were lost). Nine patients were treated with pegvisomant, alone (n=4) or in combination with somatostatin analogs (n=5); five are in remission and two are partially controlled. Pasireotide-LAR achieved hormonal remission in one of the six patients. Currently, after a mean follow-up period of 8.9 years, 17 patients are in biochemical remission, eight are partially controlled, and seven are uncontrolled (two were lost to follow-up).ConclusionsGiant GH-secreting adenomas are invasive, uncontrolled by surgery, and respond poorly to medical treatment. Aggressive multimodal therapy is critical for their management, enhancing control rate and biochemical remission.
Beyond
Authors: Ter Borg Meerten B. 
Published: March 2015

After years of fruitful debate on “implicit religion” it is worth asking, “Where did it bring us?” It led to a focus on “religious,” on sense-making aspects in fields where they might have been least expected. I was able, for example, to point out strong traces of “implicit religiosity” in the worlds of economics and medicine. I also suggested implicit religious tendencies in art, the media and in politics. I acknowledged a strong connection between sense-making and power. So I became a bit notorious in the Netherlands as someone who labeled practically anything as having some sort of religion, from spontaneous adoration and mourning (Lady Di), to football.
Standing on the shoulders of giants and in co-operation with colleagues, I developed such theoretical concepts as “transcendence and ontological security,” to clarify how similar phenomena could appear in such diverse fields. It all boils down to this. People need sense-making systems in all fields of human activity. They are, however, both able and willing, to a larger or lesser extent, to transcend the limits of their particular sense-system or world-view. But this extraordinary capacity for transcendence also endangers their peace of mind, their “ontological security.” I elaborated on the ways in which individuals and collectives find the balance between these two inescapable poles of human existence, which, to a milder or fiercer degree, hangs in the nexus of the tremendum and fascinosum. It is here that the ideas of non-institutional and implicit religion are just starting to flower.
Review article: I. Anderson, 'This Is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture</i>, S.Saul, <i>Freedom Is, Freedom Ain’t: Jazz and the Making of the Sixties', I. Monson, 'Freedom Sounds: Civil Rights Call Out to Jazz and Africa'
Authors: Hersch Charles 
Published: March 2015

Iain Anderson, This Is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. Scott Saul, Freedom Is, Freedom Ain’t: Jazz and the Making of the Sixties. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003. Ingrid Monson, Freedom Sounds: Civil Rights Call Out to Jazz and Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea following Pharyngeal Flap Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: A Prospective Polysomnographic and Aerodynamic Study in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Campos Letícia Dominguez , Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle , Martins Sampaio-Teixeira Ana Claudia , Yamashita Renata Paciello , Pereira Lauris José Roberto , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Kiemle Trindade Inge Elly 
Published: March 2015

Objective To compare the frequency and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in middle-aged adults who underwent pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with matched subjects who did not undergo pharyngeal flap surgery and to verify the relationship between OSA severity and internal pharyngeal dimensions. Setting National referral care center for cleft lip and palate. Method Prospective study on 42 nonsyndromic subjects with repaired cleft palate with flap (F group, n = 22) and without flap (NF group, n = 20), aged 40 to 58 years. The main outcome measure was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), measured by in-lab nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). The OSA-related symptoms were investigated by Pittsburgh, Epworth, and Berlin questionnaires. The nasopharyngeal or velopharyngeal (NP/VP) cross-sectional area was measured by modified anterior rhinomanometry in subgroups of the F (n = 14) and NF (n = 10) groups at rest and during speech. Differences were considered significant at P < .05. Results Questionnaire scores and frequency of self-reported symptoms of snoring, nasal obstruction, and breathing interruptions during sleep did not differ between groups. OSA was diagnosed by PSG in 60% and 77% of the NF and F subjects, respectively. The difference was not significant. No cases of severe OSA were observed. There was no correlation between AHI and NP/VP area. Conclusion A significant number of middle-aged adults with repaired cleft palate had OSA and related symptoms, regardless of the presence of a pharyngeal flap. Results suggest that VPI treatment with a flap may not cause sleep-disordered breathing in the cleft population. Besides advancing age, congenital upper airway abnormalities may be involved.
The Nasality Severity Index 2.0: Revision of an Objective Multiparametric Approach to Hypernasality
Authors: Bettens Kim , Van Lierde Kristiane M. , Corthals Paul , Luyten Anke , Wuyts Floris L. 
Published: March 2015

Objective Due to the multidimensional nature of resonance disorders, multivariate diagnostic assessment is advisable. The nasality severity index (NSI) is based on this point of view. Because of the influence of personal and environmental variables on the current NSI, this study aims to refine this index. Design Prospective case-control study. Setting Tertiary university hospital. Patients Forty-two patients with cleft lip and palate and 50 children without resonance disorders were tested. Interventions Resonance was investigated by perceptual as well as objective measurements. A Nasometer was used to score nasalance, and spectral speech characteristics of a sustained sound /i:/ were determined, among which the voice low tone to high tone ratio (VLHR). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the optimal index to discriminate patients from control children. Additionally, the validity of the index was determined based on data from an independent patient and control group. Results The NSI 2.0, a weighted linear combination of three variables, can be obtained using the equation NSI 2.0 = 13.20 - (.0824 x nasalance /u:/ [%]) - (.260 x nasalance oral text [%]) - (.242 x VLHR 4.47*F0 [dB]). The NSI has a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100%. Moreover, it has excellent validity (sensitivity 88%, specificity 89%). Conclusions The NSI 2.0 discriminates patients from control children with high sensitivity, specificity, and validity. This multiparametric method can offer a more powerful approach in the assessment and treatment planning of individuals with hypernasality.
Upward Advancement of the Nasolabial Components at Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair Prevents Postoperative Long Lip
Authors: Matsunaga Kazuhide , Sasaguri Masaaki , Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Ohishi Masamichi , Nakamura Norifumi 
Published: March 2015

Objective To prevent the occurrence of postoperative long lip, longitudinal postoperative changes in nasolabial forms of patients with unilateral cleft lip who underwent primary lip repair with or without upward advancement of the nasolabial components were compared. Patients Forty-three subjects (24 unilateral cleft lip and palate [UCLP] and 19 unilateral cleft lip solely, and cleft lip and alveolus [UCL/UCLA]) who underwent primary lip repair with upward advancement of the nasolabial components (NA group) and 30 subjects (16 UCLP and 14 UCL/UCLA) without upward advancement (LA group) were enrolled. Outcome Measures Postoperative photos taken at 1 and 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years were used for measuring the heights of the nasal alar base (NBH), the columellar base (CBH), Cupid's peak (CPH), and the upper lip (ULH). The ratios of these measurements between the affected and unaffected sides were calculated in both groups. Results In the LA group, the 3-year postoperative all-items ratios of UCLP were significantly larger than those at 1 month postoperatively, demonstrating drooping of the nasolabial tissues in the affected side (all P < .01). Furthermore, the 3-year postoperative CPH and ULH ratio of UCL/UCLA was significantly larger than that at 1 month postoperatively, demonstrating the long lip ( P < .01). In the NA group, the NBH, CBH, and CPH ratios of both UCLP and UCL/UCLA did not show significant differences between 1 month and 3 years postoperatively. Conclusion Upward advancement of the nasolabial components prevents postoperative long lip.
The Timing of Asset Purchases to Achieve Earnings Thresholds
Authors: Canace Thomas G. , Salzsieder Leigh 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
This study examines whether managers use capital investment decisions, and the resulting depreciation expense, to achieve quarterly earnings thresholds. We also address whether these actions merely facilitate short-term earnings management or whether firms may trade off investment decisions to deliver earnings. We posit that managers may view capital expenditures as an alternative for earnings considerations because of the process for capital expenditure decision making and the accounting for these investments. Our findings suggest that managers use discretion over capital expenditures to achieve two well-documented earnings thresholds, but that these decisions largely reverse in the following quarter. We document the deferral of capital expenditures to avoid depreciation for industries where the median useful life averages approximately seven years. Cross-sectional tests also suggest that the use of capital expenditures for achieving thresholds varies depending upon the firm's capital intensity, remaining book value of assets, operating cash flow constraints, CEO horizon, and fiscal quarter.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.