bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of formulation and processing factors affecting slowly digestible starch, protein digestibility and antioxidant capacity of extruded sorghum–maize composite flour
Authors: Licata Rebecca , Chu Jiayue , Wang Shilong , Coorey Ranil , James Anthony , Zhao Yun , Johnson Stuart 
Published: December 2013

SummaryHigh‐temperature high‐pressure extrusion of sorghum–maize composite flour, of potential for healthy food manufacture, was investigated by factorial experimental design to determine the effect of level of sorghum in dry mix (15–60%); final barrel zone temperature (120–150 °C); total moisture in barrel (21.4–25.8%); total input rate (2.3–6.8 kg h−1); and screw speed (250–450 rpm) on extrudate slowly digestible starch (SDS), phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, protein digestibility, density and expansion ratio. Extrudate SDS increased with increasing sorghum level and decreased as the barrel temperature increased. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were positively associated with sorghum level. Protein digestibility was associated negatively with sorghum level and positively with barrel temperature. Extrudate density was associated positively with total moisture and negatively with barrel temperature and input rate. Sorghum in dry mix, final barrel zone temperature and total moisture in barrel were the three most significant independent variables influencing extrudate dependant variables.
Physicochemical properties of nanopowdered eggshell
Authors: Mijan Mohammad Al , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Kwak Hae‐Soo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of nanopowdered eggshell (NPES). These characteristics were determined based on the particle size, particle morphology, zeta potential, moisture sorption behaviour, purity and crystallinity. Homogeneous, aggregated and spherical crystals of NPES particles were observed through scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The average particle sizes of NPES and powdered eggshell (PES) were 202.3 ± 28.9 nm and 113.89 ± 79.37 μm, respectively. Zeta potentials of NPES (−15.41 mV) suggested an incipient instability of the colloidal system. Moisture sorption analysis indicated a higher water adsorption capacity of NPES than that of PES. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of calcite in both NPES and PES. The chemical compositions of the NPES and PES particles were strongly associated with the presence of calcium carbonate, as determined by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Therefore, eggshell nanopowder has a great potential to be utilised as a component for biomedical applications.
High pressure processing of garlic paste: effect on the quality attributes
Authors: Eroman Unni Lakshmi , Chauhan Om Prakash , Raju Pakalpati Sreenivasa 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe effect of high pressure treatment and conventional thermal processing on the various quality attributes of garlic paste was evaluated in terms of physicochemical, enzymatic, sensory and microbiological parameters. Thermal treatment inactivated the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzymes, whereas an enhanced activity was noted at 200 MPa which reduced significantly (P < 0.05) when treated with 400 and 600 MPa. Total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities showed an increasing trend with increase in pressure, whereas thermal processing was found to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease these phytocompounds. The CIE (L*, a*, b*) values were found to be better retained in high pressure‐processed pastes compared with thermally treated one. The microbial counts in terms of total plate count, yeast and mould count as well as total coliform counts were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in both the treatments. Sensory attributes were found to be better in the case of high pressure‐processed samples as compared to the thermally treated one.
Solubilisation of calcium and magnesium from the marine red algae Lithothamnion calcareum
Authors: Zhu Yi‐Shen , Connolly Alan , Guyon Anders , FitzGerald Richard J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMarine minerals are a potential source of calcium and magnesium for nutritional supplementation. This study analysed the solubilisation of calcium and magnesium from the skeletal remains of Lithothamnion calcareum. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated a nonporous microstructure. Spectrophotometric determination showed that the calcium and magnesium contents were 30.01 and 6.22% (w/w), respectively. Solubilisation of calcium and magnesium was highly pH dependent. The temperature‐dependent solubilisation of calcium fitted the shrinking core model. The apparent activation energy for calcium solubilisation was 28.6 kJ mol−1. Inclusion of caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs), casein‐derived mineral binding peptides, during the solubilisation of calcium and magnesium appeared to decrease the extent of calcium solubilisation at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The results herein have implications for the choice of optimal pH conditions for the sustained release of calcium and magnesium from marine mineral sources.
Selective elution of tea catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Authors: Fan Fang‐Yuan , Gan Quan , Dong Zhan‐Bo , Song Kwan‐Jeong , Zheng Xin‐Qiang , Liang Yue‐Rong , Lu Jian‐Liang 
Published: December 2013

SummaryDesorption of catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was comprehensively investigated. The result showed that caffeine could easily be desorbed from PVPP by the tested solvents except n‐hexane, while catechins could only be thoroughly done by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Excellent desorption efficiency of DMSO and DMF might be attributed to their high dipole moments and H‐bond potentials. Addition of ethanol was recommended considering the elution efficiency and fluidity, but ethanol volume should be <40% (v/v) for DMSO or 20% (v/v) for DMF. Desorption would get to equilibrium within 1 h and followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. Caffeine and catechins could be separately desorbed through two‐stage elution procedure, that is, water or 20% aqueous ethanol for desorbing caffeine and part of nongalloylated catechins and DMSO/ethanol (8/2, v/v) for eluting the remaining catechins. Highly purified catechins (~95%) with high level (~70%) galloylated catechins would be achieved when the desorption procedure was applied in column chromatograph.
Oxidative stability of fish oil‐in‐water emulsions under high‐pressure treatment
Authors: Zhu Xiangqian , Ye Aiqian , Teo Herman Jiahan , Lim Shuying Jeanne , Singh Harjinder 
Published: December 2013

SummaryOver the last decade, high‐pressure treatment has been of considerable interest as an alternative to thermal treatment for food preservation and processing. The impact of high‐pressure treatment on lipid oxidation in fish oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilised by 0.5 wt% whey protein isolate or sodium caseinate was investigated by determining thiobarbituric acid (TBA), propanal values and hydroperoxide values (PVs). The TBA value and the PV of all emulsions increased with increasing pressure at low temperature, indicating that lipid oxidation was promoted by high‐pressure treatment. The impact of high‐pressure treatment on the oxidative stability of lipids was increased when the temperature was increased as the TBA and propanal values were markedly enhanced by high pressure at high temperature. However, high‐pressure treatment did not affect the antioxidant properties of whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate in the fish oil‐in‐water emulsions, which may suggest that high‐pressure treatment does not alter the lipid oxidation pathway in emulsion systems. The promotion of lipid oxidation by high pressure is due mainly to increasing the pressure on a gas reaction shifts the position of equilibrium towards the side with fewer gas molecules.
A comparative study of the analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Yoo Miyoung , Lee Sanghee , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Su‐ji , Seo Hye‐young , Shin Dongbin 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis study was performed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine the presence of fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seafoods by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD). The samples were prepared using two methods: the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS) method and the alkali digestion method. The QuEChERS method involved a convenient and effective solid–liquid extraction and a simple purification. The alkali digestion method was comprised of a liquid–liquid extraction after saponification with potassium hydroxide followed by purification. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) of the QuEChERS method ranged from 0.05 to 1.60 μg kg−1, and those of the alkali digestion method ranged from 0.28 to 5.18 μg kg−1. The repeatability for all target analytes was similar for the two methods, that is, 0.66–4.24% and 0.26–5.75% for the QuEChERS and alkali digestion methods, respectively. At analyte concentrations of 2.5–50 μg kg−1, the recovery of the QuEChERS method ranged from 86.87% to 115.67% and that of the alkali digestion method ranged from 69.22% to 100.21%.
Lactulose: production and use in functional food, medical and pharmaceutical applications. Practical and critical review
Authors: Aït‐Aissa Amara , Aïder Mohammed 
Published: December 2013

SummaryLactulose is a synthetic disaccharide. It can be obtained from lactose by chemical, enzymatic or by electro‐activation synthesis. This review provides the comprehension of lactulose production and its application in medical, pharmaceutical and functional food applications. Lactulose can be used in medical and pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diseases such as chronic constipation, therapy of portal systemic encephalopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, reducing blood ammonia levels, colon carcinogenesis, tumour prevention and immunology, mineral absorption and for the inhibition of the secondary bile acid formation. However, with the growing interest in functional foods, the use of nondigestible oligosaccharides such as prebiotic ingredients has increased considerably during the recent years. In this context, lactulose as a well‐recognised prebiotic offers excellent possibilities to develop new functional foods. It can be added to several foods.
The effects of processing and packaging parameters on the occurrence of sulphide black in canned meat
Authors: Dantas Fiorella B. H. , Dantas Sílvia T. , Moitinho Daisy , Albers Carolina C. M. , Pollonio Marise A. R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the packaging and processing parameters that produce sulphide black in corned beef. Twenty experimental batches were prepared, and in order to evaluate the effect of the packaging manufacturing process, variations were introduced in the tin layer, in the cure of lacquer applied inside and in the presence or absence of superficial scratches in the lacquer. Processing parameters, such as sterilising time and temperature as well as filling temperatures, were evaluated. The visual evaluation carried out to check the occurrence of black spots and the statistical analysis of variance with 95% confidence interval showed that the lids that were produced with a greater total tin layer (5.6 g m−2), with normal cure (200 °C) and without scratches had a lower occurrence of the problem. The analyses also showed that the use of filling temperatures lower than 40 °C decreased the presence of black spots.
Comparing effects of α‐ vs. β‐chitosan coating and emulsion coatings on egg quality during room temperature storage
Authors: Pujols Kairy Dharali , Osorio Luis , Carrillo Elsy Paola , Wardy Wisdom , Torrico Damir Dennis , No Hong Kyoon , Corredor José Andrés Herrera , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEffects of α‐ and β‐chitosan (CH), soybean oil (SO) and their emulsions (CH:SO = 2:3) as coating materials on selected internal quality and sensory properties of eggs were evaluated during 5 weeks storage at 25 °C. After 3 weeks of storage, α‐ and β‐CH‐coated eggs changed to B grade, while SO‐ and emulsion‐coated eggs preserved grade A quality. Weight loss of eggs coated with SO and CH:SO emulsions was <2.0% vs. 5.3–5.8% for noncoated and CH‐coated eggs after 5 weeks of storage. β‐CH (0.9%) maintained lower weight loss of eggs than α‐CH (1.2%) only at 1‐week storage. Albumen pH of eggs coated with SO and CH:SO emulsions decreased progressively throughout storage. Eggs coated with β‐CH:SO emulsion and SO were significantly glossier than noncoated eggs. Consumers indicated positive purchase intent (69.17–76.67%) for all coated eggs. Overall, α‐CH:SO and β‐CH:SO emulsions extended egg shelf life by at least 3 weeks during room temperature storage.
Bioactive compounds in bamboo shoots: health benefits and prospects for developing functional foods
Authors: Nirmala Chongtham , Bisht Madho Singh , Laishram Manikanta 
Published: December 2013

SummaryJuvenile bamboo shoots have long been used as food and in traditional medicine in many Asian countries, but scientific evidences of its health benefits have been highlighted recently. According to ancient Chinese medicinal books, the consumption of young shoots helps in improving digestion, relieving hypertension, sweating, preventing cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The young shoots are delicious and rich in nutrient components such as proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and bioactive compounds. The health benefits of the young shoots are attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds mainly phenols, phytosterols and dietary fibres, which play a potential role in health promotion and providing protection against many chronic and degenerative diseases. Phenolic compounds in bamboos have multiple biological effects such as antioxidation, anti‐ageing, antifatigue, antimicrobial and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary fibres and phytosterols have a beneficial effect on lipid profile and bowel function and reduce total serum cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level. This study discusses the bioactive compounds in bamboo shoots and how, due to its nutritive value and health benefits, the shoots can be utilised as an ingredient in the development of functional foods.
Physicochemical and descriptive sensory characterization of Spanish pomegranates: aptitudes for processing and fresh consumption
Authors: Vázquez‐Araújo Laura , Nuncio‐Jáuregui Paloma N. , Cherdchu Panat , Hernández Francisca , Chambers Edgar , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPomegranate fruit and its products are being widely promoted to consumers as healthy alternatives for their daily diet. The aim was to study the main sensory differences among twenty pomegranate cultivars, determining which cultivars have particular flavour or texture notes that could make them more appropriate for fresh consumption or processing. Four clusters grouped all samples, two of them included sour cultivars and two of them included sweet and sweet‐sour cultivars. Cluster 1 (sour) was characterized by having floral, apple, and grape flavour notes and also producing a tongue numbing sensation. Cluster 2 (sour), which included the Wonderful cultivar, had samples with wine‐like attributes. Clusters 3 and 4 (sweet and sour‐sweet) were characterized by having overall sweet, pear and grape notes for cluster 3, and beet, fruity‐dark, fermented, musty and woody flavour for cluster 4.
Use of ultrasonication to enhance pea seed germination and microbial quality of pea sprouts
Authors: Chiu Kai Ying , Sung Jih Min 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of ultrasonication, heating and chemical washing on decontamination of seeds of three pea (Pisum sativum) varieties and the microbial safety of their sprouts. Most of the decontamination treatments increased germination, decreased microbial load and enhanced sprout growth. Ultrasonication and NaOCl treatments reduced total aerobic counts on sprouts by 5.86 and 5.51 log units (averages of three varieties), respectively; while other chemical treatments (350 mL L−1 ethanol, 350 mL L−1 vinegar and 10 g L−1 NaCl solutions) failed to reduce total aerobic counts sufficiently enough to secure microbial safety. The ultrasonication not only improved germination (increased from an average of 83 to 97%), but also reduced the total aerobic counts to 2.21 log10 CFU g−1 on seed sprouts. Ultrasonication also increased the sprouts yield to 301.83 g per 10 g seeds. Therefore, ultrasonication can be used as a microbial control treatment for pea sprout production.
Prevalence of Molar–Incisor–Hypomineralisation among school children in four German cities
Authors: Petrou Marina Agathi , Giraki Maria , Bissar Abdul‐Razak , Basner Roger , Wempe Cornelia , Altarabulsi Mohammad Basel , Schäfer Michael , Schiffner Ulrich , Beikler Thomas , Schulte Andreas G. , Splieth Christian H. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundA wide range for the prevalence of Molar–Incisor–Hypomineralisation (MIH) has been found in regional studies.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MIH in Germany and to compare the findings with other studies.DesignIn the compulsory dental school examination, the first permanent molars, permanent incisors, and second primary molars were examined according to EAPD criteria in 2395 children (8.1 ± 0.8 years) in four regions in Germany for the presence of MIH. Examinations were performed by five calibrated examiners (κ = 0.9) on clean teeth after toothbrushing.ResultsThe prevalence of MIH at the four regions differed considerably (4.3–14.6%) with a mean prevalence of 10.1%. The DMFT/dmft was generally low, but children with MIH exhibited statistically significant higher caries values. A total of 12.0% of the children with MIH also had at least one affected primary molar, which resulted in a statistically significant correlation between primary and permanent teeth. Most of the affected teeth had demarcated opacities, but more than half of the affected children showed at least one tooth with severe MIH.ConclusionsMolar–Incisor–Hypomineralisation is a prevalent finding in German school children. The prevalence varies highly in different regions, and the high rate of severe forms has clinically relevant implications.
Mathematical programming as a tool for virtual soccer coaches: a case study of a fantasy sport game
Authors: Bonomo F. , Durán G. , Marenco J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGeneral awareness of the potential of mathematics to support sports decision making has been raised by the movie “Moneyball” through its portrayal of a real professional American baseball club that used mathematical tools to improve team performance. This article addresses the same challenge using as a test case a fantasy sport game organized by an Argentinian newspaper. Two mathematical programming models are presented that act as virtual coaches that choose a virtual team lineup for each round of the real Argentinian soccer league. The a priori design creates a competitive team for the game, while the a posteriori model determines what would have been its optimal lineup once the season is over and all the results are known. The a priori model was entered in the fantasy game, achieving results that positioned it among the highest scoring participants. Further development of such models would provide useful tools for supporting decision making by coaches or managers of real sports.
Expectation‐induced placebo responses fail to accelerate wound healing in healthy volunteers: results from a prospective controlled experimental trial
Authors: Vits Sabine , Dissemond Joachim , Schadendorf Dirk , Kriegler Lisa , Körber Andreas , Schedlowski Manfred , Cesko Elvir 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPlacebo responses have been shown to affect the symptomatology of skin diseases. However, expectation‐induced placebo effects on wound healing processes have not been investigated yet. We analysed whether subjects' expectation of receiving an active drug accelerates the healing process of experimentally induced wounds. In 22 healthy men (experimental group, n = 11; control group, n = 11) wounds were induced by ablative laser on both thighs. Using a deceptive paradigm, participants in the experimental group were informed that an innovative ‘wound gel’ was applied on one of the two wounds, whereas a ‘non‐active gel’ was applied on the wound of the other thigh. In fact, both gels were identical hydrogels without any active components. A control group was informed to receive a non‐active gel on both wounds. Progress in wound healing was documented via planimetry on days 1, 4 and 7 after wound induction. From day 9 onwards wound inspections were performed daily accompanied by a change of the dressing and a new application of the gel. No significant differences could be observed with regard to duration or process of wound healing, either by intraindividual or by interindividual comparisons. These data document no expectation‐induced placebo effect on the healing process of experimentally induced wounds in healthy volunteers.
Capital Inflows to Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland: A Sector‐Level View
Authors: Ebner André 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGreece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland have accumulated large foreign net liabilities, exposing them to increased financial market pressure during the current crisis period. This analysis decomposes cumulated lending and borrowing over the past decade into sector‐level contributions and compares them with the euro area average. It shows strong borrowing by households and non‐financial corporations with government further increasing net borrowing in Greece and Portugal. Financial corporations act in this context as intermediaries between foreign savings and domestic borrowers. The sector‐level contributions to an economy's foreign net liabilities vary significantly by country, which implies a need for different adjustment paths. In a currency union, given the absence of a mechanism for transfer payments between member states, there is a heightened risk that large foreign liabilities will become unsustainable. Thus, member states must contain external imbalances, which often reflect a loss of competitiveness and internal imbalances, to prevent the reoccurrence of current vulnerabilities.
Does Government Debt Affect Bank Credit?
Authors: De Bonis Riccardo , Stacchini Massimiliano 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper analyses 43 countries from 1970 to 2010 to investigate the effect that public debt has on bank loans. The study is motivated by the need to understand the consequences of high public debt, a condition many countries are already experiencing or will experience in the next few years. Looking at the 40‐year period, we find that the ratio of government debt to GDP has a negative association with the subsequent growth of bank credit. Our results hold using different econometric methods and controlling for variables such as the lagged value of bank loans, the occurrence of banking crises, per capita GDP, the inflation rate, trade openness, international investment position, stock market capitalization and countries' legal origin.