bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of silicon in physiology of the medicinal plant (Lonicera japonica L.) under salt stress
Authors: Gengmao Zhao , Shihui Li , Xing Sun , Yizhou Wang , Zipan Chang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSilicon(Si) is the only element which can enhance the resistance to multiple stresses. However, the role of silicon in medicinal plants under salt stress is not yet understood. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of silicon addition on the growth, osmotic adjustments, photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure and Chlorogenic acid (CGA) production of Honeysuckle plant (Lonicera japonica L.) under salt-stressed conditions. Salinity exerted an adverse effect on the plant fresh weight and dry weight, whilst 0.5 g L−1 K2SiO3·nH2O addition obviously improved the plant growth. Although Na+ concentration in plant organs was drastically increased with increasing salinity, higher levels of K+/Na+ ratio was obtained after K2SiO3·nH2O addition. Salinity stress induced the destruction of the chloroplast envelope; however, K2SiO3·nH2O addition counteracted the adverse effect by salinity on the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus. K2SiO3·nH2O addition also enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. To sum up, exogenous Si plays a key role in enhancing its resistance to salt stresses in physiological base, thereby improving the growth and CGA production of Honeysuckle plant.
Origin of anomalous giant dielectric performance in novel perovskite: Bi0.5−xLaxNa0.5−xLixTi1−yMyO3 (M = Mg2+, Ga3+)
Authors: Liu Xiao , Fan Huiqing , Shi Jing , Li Qiang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDielectric properties and dielectric relaxation behaviors of A/B sites co-substituted Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 perovskite-type ferroelectrics are reported. The Bi0.5−xLaxNa0.5−xLixTi1−yMyO3 (M = Mg2+, Ga3+) exhibits anomalous giant dielectric permittivity (ε’) of ~105 under a heterogeneous constitution with easily discernible grain and grain boundary conductivity. The lone pairs substitution theory as well as extrinsic disorders are used to clarify the significant structural evolution and the origin of the dielectric performance. A bigger free volume promotes the anomalous relaxation between oxygen sites and the polarization direction on the nanoscale deviates from the average polarization direction at its ferroelectric state. Furthermore, no obvious phase transition indicates the considerable static substitutional disorder at the Bi/Na sites, which facilitates delocalized conduction of oxygen ions in the intermediate temperature range.
Suppressed N2O formation during NH3 selective catalytic reduction using vanadium on zeolitic microporous TiO2
Authors: Lee Seung Gwan , Lee Hyun Jeong , Song Inhak , Youn Seunghee , Kim Do Heui , Cho Sung June 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEmission of N2O from mobile and off-road engine is now being currently regulated because of its high impact compared to that of CO2, thereby implying that N2O formation from the exhaust gas after-treatment system should be suppressed. Selective catalytic reduction using vanadium supported TiO2 catalyst in mobile and off-road engine has been considered to be major source for N2O emission in the system. Here we have demonstrated that vanadium catalyst supported on zeolitic microporous TiO2 obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of bulk TiO2 at 400 K in the presence of LiOH suppresses significantly the N2O emission compared to conventional VOx/TiO2 catalyst, while maintaining the excellent NOx reduction, which was ascribed to the location of VOx domain in the micropore of TiO2, resulting in the strong metal support interaction. The use of zeolitic microporous TiO2 provides a new way of preparing SCR catalyst with a high thermal stability and superior catalytic performance. It can be also extended further to the other catalytic system employing TiO2-based substrate.
Three-Dimensional Porous Copper-Graphene Heterostructures with Durability and High Heat Dissipation Performance
Authors: Rho Hokyun , Lee Seungmin , Bae Sukang , Kim Tae-Wook , Su Lee Dong , Jung Lee Hyun , Yeon Hwang Jun , Jeong Tak , Kim Sungmin , Ha Jun-Seok , Hyun Lee Sang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPorous materials have historically been of interest for a wide range of applications in thermal management, for example, in heat exchangers and thermal barriers. Rapid progress in electronic and optoelectronic technology necessitates more efficient spreading and dissipation of the heat generated in these devices, calling for the development of new thermal management materials. Here, we report an effective technique for the synthesis of porous Cu-graphene heterostructures with pores of about 30 μm and a porosity of 35%. Graphene layers were grown on the surfaces of porous Cu, which was formed via the coalescence of molten Cu microparticles. The surface passivation with graphene layers resulted in a thermal conductivity higher than that of porous Cu, especially at high temperatures (approximately 40% at 1173 K). The improved heat dissipation properties of the porous structures were demonstrated by analysis of the thermal resistance and temperature distribution of LED chips mounted on the structures. The effective combination of the structural and material properties of porous Cu-graphene heterostructures provides a new material for effective thermal management of high-power electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Sensory recalibration integrates information from the immediate and the cumulative past
Authors: Bruns Patrick , Röder Brigitte 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVision usually provides the most accurate and reliable information about the location of objects in our environment and thus serves as a reference for recalibrating auditory spatial maps. Recent studies have shown that recalibration does not require accumulated evidence of cross-modal mismatch to be triggered, but occurs as soon as after one single exposure. Here we tested whether instantaneous recalibration and recalibration based on accumulated evidence represent the same underlying learning mechanism or involve distinct neural systems. Participants had to localize two sounds, a low- and a high-frequency tone, which were paired with opposite directions of audiovisual spatial mismatch (leftward vs. rightward). In accordance with the cumulative stimulus history, localization in unimodal auditory trials was shifted in opposite directions for the two sound frequencies. On a trial-by-trial basis, however, frequency-specific recalibration was reduced when preceded by an audiovisual stimulus with a different sound frequency and direction of spatial mismatch. Thus, the immediate past invoked an instantaneous frequency-invariant recalibration, while the cumulative past invoked changes in frequency-specific spatial maps. These findings suggest that distinct recalibration mechanisms operating at different timescales jointly determine sound localization behavior.
Using non-Markovian measures to evaluate quantum master equations for photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Hong-Bin , Lambert Neill , Cheng Yuan-Chung , Chen Yueh-Nan , Nori Franco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhen dealing with system-reservoir interactions in an open quantum system, such as a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex, approximations are usually made to obtain the dynamics of the system. One question immediately arises: how good are these approximations and in what ways can we evaluate them? Here, we propose to use entanglement and a measure of non-Markovianity as benchmarks for the deviation of approximate methods from exact results. We apply two frequently-used perturbative but non-Markovian approximations to a photosynthetic dimer model and compare their results with that of the numerically-exact hierarchy equation of motion (HEOM). This enables us to explore both entanglement and non-Markovianity measures as means to reveal how the approximations either overestimate or underestimate memory effects and quantum coherence. In addition, we show that both the approximate and exact results suggest that non-Markonivity can, counter-intuitively, increase with temperature and with the coupling to the environment.
Emergence of Multiple Superconducting Phases in (NH3)yMxFeSe (M: Na and Li)
Authors: Zheng Lu , Miao Xiao , Sakai Yusuke , Izumi Masanari , Goto Hidenori , Nishiyama Saki , Uesugi Eri , Kasahara Yuichi , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Kubozono Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe previously discovered multiple superconducting phases in the ammoniated Na-doped FeSe material, (NH3)yNaxFeSe. To clarify the origin of the multiple superconducting phases, the variation of Tc was fully investigated as a function of x in (NH3)yNaxFeSe. The 32 K superconducting phase is mainly produced in the low-x region below 0.4, while only a single phase is observed at x  =  1.1, with Tc =  45 K, showing that the Tc depends significantly on x, but it changes discontinuously with x. The crystal structure of (NH3)yNaxFeSe does not change as x increases up to 1.1, i.e., the space group of I4/mmm. The lattice constants, a and c, of the low-Tc phase (Tc = 32.5 K) are 3.9120(9) and 14.145(8) Å, respectively, while a = 3.8266(7) Å and c = 17.565(9) Å for the high-Tc phase (~46 K). The c increases in the high Tc phase, implying that the Tc is directly related to c. In (NH3)yLixFeSe material, the Tc varies continuously within the range of 39 to 44 K with changing x. Thus, the behavior of Tc is different from that of (NH3)yNaxFeSe. The difference may be due to the difference in the sites that the Na and Li occupy.
When a 520 million-year-old Chengjiang fossil meets a modern micro-CT – a case study
Authors: Liu Yu , Scholtz Gerhard , Hou Xianguang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe 520 million-year-old Chengjiang biota of China (UNESCO World Heritage) presents the earliest known evidence of the so-called Cambrian Explosion. Studies, however, have mainly been limited to the information exposed on the surface of the slabs. Thus far, structures preserved inside the slabs were accessed by careful removal of the matrix, in many cases with the unfortunate sacrifice of some “less important” structures, which destroys elements of exceptionally preserved specimens. Here, we show for the first time that microtomography (micro-CT) can reveal structures situated inside a Chengjiang fossil slab without causing any damage. In the present study a trilobitomorph arthropod (Xandarella spectaculum) can be reliably identified only with the application of micro-CT. We propose that this technique is an important tool for studying three-dimensionally preserved Chengjiang fossils and, most likely, also those from other biota with a comparable type of preservation, specifically similar iron concentrations.
Chemokine polyreactivity of IL7Rα+CSF-1R+ lympho-myeloid progenitors in the developing fetal liver
Authors: Kajikhina Katja , Melchers Fritz , Tsuneto Motokazu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn murine ontogeny, fetal liver is the major hemato- and B-lymphopoietic site until birth. Hematopoiesis develops in largely non-hematopoietic niches, which provide contacts, chemokines and cytokines that induce migration, residence, proliferation and differentiation of progenitors. Within early multipotent progenitors an IL7Rα+CSF-1R+ subset expressed a mixture of lymphoid- and myeloid-specific genes and differentiated to lymphoid and myeloid lineages in vitro. By contrast, IL7Rα+ cells were lymphoid-committed and CSF-1R+ cells were erythro-myeloid-restricted. To respond to a multitude of chemokines single biphenotypic cells expressed CXCR4 and as many as five other chemokine receptors. The monopotent IL7Rα+ and CSF-1R+progenitors all expressed CXCR4 and mutually exclusive, more restricted sets of the analysed five chemokine receptors. This study proposes that chemokine polyreactive, cytokine-bipotent and monopotent progenitors transmigrate through LYVE-1high endothelium, attracted by selected chemokines and reach the IL7- and CSF-1-producing ALCAMhigh mesenchymal niche, attracted by other sets of chemokines, to differentiate to B-lymphoid respectively myeloid cells.
New generation of two-dimensional spintronic systems realized by coupling of Rashba and Dirac fermions
Authors: Eremeev Sergey V. , Tsirkin Stepan S. , Nechaev Ilya A. , Echenique Pedro M. , Chulkov Evgueni V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntriguing phenomena and novel physics predicted for two-dimensional (2D) systems formed by electrons in Dirac or Rashba states motivate an active search for new materials or combinations of the already revealed ones. Being very promising ingredients in themselves, interplaying Dirac and Rashba systems can provide a base for next generation of spintronics devices, to a considerable extent, by mixing their striking properties or by improving technically significant characteristics of each other. Here, we demonstrate that in BiTeI@PbSb2Te4 composed of a BiTeI trilayer on top of the topological insulator (TI) PbSb2Te4 weakly- and strongly-coupled Dirac-Rashba hybrid systems are realized. The coupling strength depends on both interface hexagonal stacking and trilayer-stacking order. The weakly-coupled system can serve as a prototype to examine, e.g., plasmonic excitations, frictional drag, spin-polarized transport and charge-spin separation effect in multilayer helical metals. In the strongly-coupled regime, within ~100 meV energy interval of the bulk TI projected bandgap a helical state substituting for the TI surface state appears. This new state is characterized by a larger momentum, similar velocity and strong localization within BiTeI. We anticipate that our findings pave the way for designing a new type of spintronics devices based on Rashba-Dirac coupled systems.
The electrical conductivity of Al2O3 under shock-compression
Authors: Liu Hanyu , Tse John S. , Nellis W. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSapphire (Al2O3) crystals are used below 100 GPa as anvils and windows in dynamic-compression experiments because of their transparency and high density. Above 100 GPa shock pressures, sapphire becomes opaque and electrically conducting because of shock-induced defects. Such effects prevent temperature and dc conductivity measurements of materials compressed quasi-isentropically. Opacities and electrical conductivities at ~100 GPa are non-equilibrium, rather than thermodynamic parameters. We have performed electronic structure calculations as a guide in predicting and interpreting shock experiments and possibly to discover a window up to ~200 GPa. Our calculations indicate shocked sapphire does not metallize by band overlap at ~300 GPa, as suggested previously by measured non-equilibrium data. Shock-compressed Al2O3 melts to a metallic liquid at ~500 GPa and 10,000 K and its conductivity increases rapidly to ~2000 Ω−1cm−1 at ~900 GPa. At these high shock temperatures and pressures sapphire is in thermal equilibrium. Calculated conductivity of Al2O3 is similar to those measured for metallic fluid H, N, O, Rb and Cs. Despite different materials, pressures and temperatures and compression techniques, both experimental and theoretical, conductivities of all these poor metals reach a common end state typical of strong-scattering disordered materials.
Reflecting microscope system with a 0.99 numerical aperture designed for three-dimensional fluorescence imaging of individual molecules at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Inagawa H. , Toratani Y. , Motohashi K. , Nakamura I. , Matsushita M. , Fujiyoshi S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe have developed a cryogenic fluorescence microscope system, the core of which is a reflecting objective that consists of spherical and aspherical mirrors. The use of an aspherical mirror allows the reflecting objective to have a numerical aperture (NA) of up to 0.99, which is close to the maximum possible NA of 1.03 in superfluid helium. The performance of the system at a temperature of 1.7 K was tested by recording a three-dimensional fluorescence image of individual quantum dots using excitation wavelengths (λex) of 532 nm and 635 nm. At 1.7 K, the microscope worked with achromatic and nearly diffraction-limited performance. The 1/e2 radius (Γ) of the point spread function of the reflecting objective in the lateral (xy) direction was 0.212 ± 0.008 μm at λex = 532 nm and was less than 1.2 times the simulated value for a perfectly polished objective. The radius Γ in the axial (z) direction was 0.91 ± 0.04 μm at λex = 532 nm and was less than 1.4 times the simulated value of Γ. The chromatic aberrations between the two wavelengths were one order of magnitude smaller than Γ in each direction.
Diterpenoid alkaloids of Aconitum laciniatum and mitigation of inflammation by 14-O-acetylneoline in a murine model of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wangchuk Phurpa , Navarro Severine , Shepherd Catherine , Keller Paul A. , Pyne Stephen G. , Loukas Alex 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAconitum laciniatum is used in Bhutanese traditional medicine for treating various chronic infections and inflammatory conditions. We carried out in-depth isolation and characterization of the phytochemicals from the root component and determined the anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds against chemically-induced colitis in mice. Five diterpenoid alkaloids - pseudaconitine, 14-veratroylpseudaconine, 14-O-acetylneoline, neoline and senbusine A - were isolated from A. laciniatum for the first time. Two of the alkaloids were tested for anti-inflammatory properties in the TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. Various parameters were measured to assess pathology including weight loss, clinical and macroscopic scores, histological structure and IFN-γ production in the gut. Of the two alkaloids tested, 14-O-acetylneoline showed significant protection against different parameters of colitic inflammation. Compared to control mice that received TNBS alone, mice treated with 14-O-acetylneoline experienced significantly less weight loss and had significantly lower clinical scores, macroscopic pathology and grades of histological inflammation. Moreover, colonic IFN-γ mRNA levels were significantly reduced in mice that received 14-O-acetylneoline compared to control mice that received TNBS alone. This alkaloid is now considered a novel anti-colitis drug lead compound.
Abnormal subcellular localization of GABAA receptor subunits in schizophrenia brain
Authors: Mueller T M , Remedies C E , Haroutunian V , Meador-Woodruff J H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInhibitory neurotransmission is primarily mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activating synaptic GABA type A receptors (GABAAR). In schizophrenia, presynaptic GABAergic signaling deficits are among the most replicated findings; however, postsynaptic GABAergic deficits are less well characterized. Our lab has previously demonstrated that although there is no difference in total protein expression of the α1–6, β1–3 or γ2 GABAAR subunits in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in schizophrenia, the α1, β1 and β2 GABAAR subunits are abnormallyN-glycosylated.N-glycosylation is a posttranslational modification that has important functional roles in protein folding, multimer assembly and forward trafficking. To investigate the impact that alteredN-glycosylation has on the assembly and trafficking of GABAARs in schizophrenia, this study used western blot analysis to measure the expression of α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ2 GABAAR subunits in subcellular fractions enriched for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and synapses (SYN) from STG of schizophrenia (N=16) and comparison (N=14) subjects and found evidence of abnormal localization of the β1 and β2 GABAAR subunits and subunit isoforms in schizophrenia. The β2 subunit is expressed as three isoforms at 52 kDa (β252 kDa), 50 kDa (β250 kDa) and 48 kDa (β248 kDa). In the ER, we found increased total β2 GABAAR subunit (β2ALL) expression driven by increased β250 kDa, a decreased ratio of β248 kDa:β2ALLand an increased ratio of β250 kDa:β248 kDa. Decreased ratios of β1:β2ALLand β1:β250 kDain both the ER and SYN fractions and an increased ratio of β252 kDa:β248 kDaat the synapse were also identified in schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that alterations ofN-glycosylation may contribute to GABAergic signaling deficits in schizophrenia by disrupting the assembly and trafficking of GABAARs.
IL-1β and BDNF are associated with improvement in hypersomnia but not insomnia following exercise in major depressive disorder
Authors: Rethorst C D , Greer T L , Toups M S P , Bernstein I , Carmody T J , Trivedi M H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGiven the role of sleep in the development and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is becoming increasingly clear that elucidation of the biological mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in MDD is crucial to improve treatment outcomes. Sleep disturbances are varied and can present as insomnia and/or hypersomnia. Though research has examined the biological underpinnings of insomnia in MDD, little is known about the role of biomarkers in hypersomnia associated with MDD. This paper examines biomarkers associated with changes in hypersomnia and insomnia and as predictors of improvements in sleep quality following exercise augmentation in persons with MDD. Subjects with non-remitted MDD were randomized to augmentation with one of two doses of aerobic exercise: 16 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per week (KKW) or 4 KKW for 12 weeks. The four sleep-related items on the clinician-rated Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (sleep onset insomnia, mid-nocturnal insomnia, early morning insomnia and hypersomnia) assessed self-reported sleep quality. Inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were assessed in blood samples collected before and following the 12-week intervention. Reduction in hypersomnia was correlated with reductions in BDNF (ρ=0.26, P=0.029) and IL-1β (ρ=0.37, P=0.002). Changes in these biomarkers were not associated with changes in insomnia; however, lower baseline levels of IL-1β were predictive of greater improvements in insomnia (F=3.87, P=0.050). In conclusion, improvement in hypersomnia is related to reductions in inflammatory markers and BDNF in persons with non-remitted MDD. Distinct biological mechanisms may explain reductions in insomnia.
Dopamine D2/3 receptor antagonism reduces activity-based anorexia
Authors: Klenotich S J , Ho E V , McMurray M S , Server C H , Dulawa S C 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severe hypophagia and weight loss, and an intense fear of weight gain. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) refers to the weight loss, hypophagia and paradoxical hyperactivity that develops in rodents exposed to running wheels and restricted food access, and provides a model for aspects of AN. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine was recently shown to reduce both AN symptoms and ABA. We examined which component of the complex pharmacological profile of olanzapine reduces ABA. Mice received 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT3, dopamine D1-like, D2, D3 or D2/3 antagonist treatment, and were assessed for food intake, body weight, wheel running and survival in ABA. D2/3 receptor antagonists eticlopride and amisulpride reduced weight loss and hypophagia, and increased survival during ABA. Furthermore, amisulpride produced larger reductions in weight loss and hypophagia than olanzapine. Treatment with either D3 receptor antagonist SB277011A or D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 also increased survival. All the other treatments either had no effect or worsened ABA. Overall, selective antagonism of D2 and/or D3 receptors robustly reduces ABA. Studies investigating the mechanisms by which D2 and/or D3 receptors regulate ABA, and the efficacy for D2/3 and/or D3 antagonists to treat AN, are warranted.