bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Consequences of Adjusting Fish Stock Assessment Estimates of Biomass for Retrospective Patterns using Mohn's Rho
Authors: Deroba Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A retrospective pattern exists when estimates of some assessment parameter for a given time period (e.g., biomass in a given year) trend in a systematic way as additional periods of data (i.e., typically a year) are added. Causes of such patterns are difficult to determine, and the pattern does not necessarily indicate the direction of the parameter bias. Mohn's rho measures the severity of retrospective patterns and has been used to adjust estimates of biomass and quotas. The consequences of applying Mohn's rho rather than ignoring the pattern are unclear. I used an age-structured simulation based on Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus to evaluate the consequences of ignoring retrospective patterns versus applying Mohn's rho. When the application of Mohn's rho produced more accurate estimates of biomass, subsequent spawning stock biomass and yields were near target levels. When the use of Mohn's rho produced less-accurate estimates of biomass, the results depended on the direction of the pattern. With a positive retrospective pattern (i.e., estimates of biomass for a given year decline as additional years of data are added), the application of Mohn's rho lowered the estimates of biomass, producing little cost in long-term yield relative to the subsequent increases in biomass but resulting in a short-term cost of lower annual quotas. With a negative retrospective pattern (i.e., estimates of biomass for a given year increase as additional years of data are included), the use of Mohn's rho increased the estimates of biomass, thus generating long-term costs in yield and biomass but with a short-term benefit of higher annual quotas. The decision of whether to ignore retrospective patterns or apply Mohn's rho should depend on the direction of the pattern and the relative weight of short- and long-term fishery objectives. Performance may also depend on the shape of the control rules that are used to define annual quotas.
Received May 14, 2013; accepted January 2, 2014
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and chemical compositions of volatile oils extracted from Schisandra chinensis Baill. seeds using simultaneous distillation extraction method, and comparison with Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction
Authors: Teng Hui , Lee Won Y 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The volatile oils were isolated from dried Schisandra chinensis Baill. seeds by Soxhlet extraction (SE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), and fractions were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The essential oils were assessed for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. GC–MS results also revealed that the major ingredients in the oil extracted by SDE were terpenoids compounds such as ylangene (15.01%), α-phellandrene (8.23%), β-himachalene (6.95%), and cuparene (6.74), and the oil extracts of MAE and SE mainly contained aromatics such as schizandrins, wuweizisu C, and gomisin A. HPLC analysis results confirmed that more schizandrin was obtained through extraction by MAE (996.64 μg/g) and SE (722.13 μg/g). SDE oil extract showed more significant antioxidant activity than MAE or SE oil. Only volatile oil from SDE showed good antibacterial activity against all tested strains.
Investigating the Utility of Measuring 11α-Ketotestosterone and Vitellogenin in Surface Mucus as an Alternative to Plasma Samples in Assessments of the Reproductive Axis of White Bass
Authors: Barkowski Nicholas A , Haukenes Alf H 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Sex steroids and vitellogenin measured in plasma have been used in a variety of fish species to investigate the reproductive system. Surface mucus has been shown to be an effective substitute for plasma in several species of fish. The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of mucus sampling as an approach to investigating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in White Bass Morone chrysops. We measured 11α-ketotestosterone and vitellogenin in both surface mucus and plasma samples from White Bass collected from a wild population during their annual spawning migration. Mucus and plasma samples were collected from male and female White Bass that were treated to stimulate the HPG axis (carp pituitary extract, 10 mg/kg; estradiol, 10 mg/kg) or treated with saline injections. Mucus and plasma concentrations of both vitellogenin and 11α-ketotestosterone were positively correlated with one another. Treatments with estradiol led to higher amounts of vitellogenin in both plasma and mucus in both male and female fish. Assessments of 11α-ketotestosterone in mucus correctly identified the sex of 90% of spawning White Bass, as did vitellogenin in 94%. These data demonstrate the potential utility of mucus sampling as a tool to less invasively assess the annual reproductive cycle, identify stimulation of the HPG axis, and identify fish sex in hatchery populations of White Bass.
Size and ATP Content of Unfertilized Eggs from Farmed and Wild Atlantic Salmon in Newfoundland
Authors: Lush Lynn , Burt Kimberley , Hamoutene Dounia , Camarillo-Sepulveda Nancy , Perez-Casanova Juan Carlos , Kenny Sharon , Goulet Pierre , Hinks Ross , Collier Clyde 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In Newfoundland and Labrador (hereafter, Newfoundland), all farmed Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar originate from the Saint John River, New Brunswick, strain, raising the question of potential impacts of escapees on wild, genetically distinct stocks. Unfertilized eggs of farmed and wild salmon were assessed for diameter, mass, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and fertilization success, this is the first study to assess ATP content in Atlantic Salmon eggs. Results demonstrated that farmed salmon egg mass (0.1046 g), diameter (6.2 mm), and ATP content (0.0281 nmol/egg) were significantly lower than the same characteristics in wild salmon. Among and within females, variability in egg size was similar in both wild and farmed groups. This study lends some evidence to the fact that in the Newfoundland context, eggs of escaped farmed salmon may be less likely to produce viable, large larvae compared with their wild counterparts.
Plasma Components and Hepatic Insulin-like Growth Factor Expression Indicate Nutritional Status in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata
Authors: Kawanago M , Takemura S , Ishizuka R , Shioya I 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We examined the effect of feeding ration and refeeding time on plasma biochemical components and hepatic insulin-like growth factor gene (IGF) mRNA expression to evaluate nutritional indicators in juvenile Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (also known as Buri). Fish were fed a diet for 10 d with the following feeding rations: 80, 40, 20, and 10% satiation. Satiated feeding was 4.65% of body weight. At day 10, the plasma concentrations of albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and total protein, activities of alkaline phosphatase and amylase, and hepatic IGF1 mRNA and IGF2 mRNA expression were significantly correlated with feeding ration. In the analysis of refeeding time, fish were refed after a 24-h fasting period and plasma biochemical components and hepatic IGFs mRNA were analyzed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h after refeeding. Plasma concentrations of total bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, glucose, and potassium, and activities of amylase were significantly correlated with refeeding time. The correlation between refeeding time and gene expression was significant for IGF2 mRNA (r = 0.70, P &lt; 0.05) but not for IGF1 mRNA (r = 0.67, P = 0.07). Comparing the results of the two experiments, the plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, and calcium reflected only the feeding ration. The plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate, activities of alkaline phosphatase and amylase, and hepatic IGF1 mRNA and IGF2 mRNA reflected both the feeding ration and refeeding time. These observations suggest that these components reflected the nutritional status of Yellowtail, but sampling time should be carefully examined because of the fluctuating feature of these components.
Decline in Feeding Activity of Female Cultured Delta Smelt Prior to Spawning
Authors: Hung Tien-Chieh , Eder Kai J , Javidmehr Alireza , Loge Frank J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
An observed decline in feeding behavior of Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus due to spawning is presented here. At three different temperatures to which examined fish acclimated (10.2, 14.1, and 18.1°C), female Delta Smelt consistently showed significantly higher stomach content than male Delta Smelt when carrying early-stage eggs. However, a significant decline of feed intake was observed in female Delta Smelt when eggs ripened and were ready for spawning. These results indicate that female Delta Smelt tend to have high food consumption at the egg development stages but change behavior as eggs ripen. Possible causes for the change in feeding behavior are discussed.
Association analysis using next-generation sequence data from publicly available control groups: the robust variance score statistic
Authors: Derkach Andriy , Chiang Theodore , Gong Jiafen , Addis Laura , Dobbins Sara , Tomlinson Ian , Houlston Richard , Pal Deb K. , Strug Lisa J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMotivation: Sufficiently powered case–control studies with next-generation sequence (NGS) data remain prohibitively expensive for many investigators. If feasible, a more efficient strategy would be to include publicly available sequenced controls. However, these studies can be confounded by differences in sequencing platform; alignment, single nucleotide polymorphism and variant calling algorithms; read depth; and selection thresholds. Assuming one can match cases and controls on the basis of ethnicity and other potential confounding factors, and one has access to the aligned reads in both groups, we investigate the effect of systematic differences in read depth and selection threshold when comparing allele frequencies between cases and controls. We propose a novel likelihood-based method, the robust variance score (RVS), that substitutes genotype calls by their expected values given observed sequence data.Results: We show theoretically that the RVS eliminates read depth bias in the estimation of minor allele frequency. We also demonstrate that, using simulated and real NGS data, the RVS method controls Type I error and has comparable power to the ‘gold standard’ analysis with the true underlying genotypes for both common and rare variants.Availability and implementation: An RVS R script and instructions can be found at strug.research.sickkids.ca , and at https://github.com/strug-lab/RVS .Contact: lisa.strug@utoronto.caSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The clean development mechanism
Authors: Burian Martin , Arens Christof 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– Since the registration of the first clean development mechanism (CDM) project in 2004, the CDM has seen a dynamic expansion: the CDM pipeline currently comprises 6,725 projects generating 2.73 billion certified emission reductions (CERs) up to 2012. These CERs result in a substantial financial flow from Annex I to Non-Annex I countries. But CDM projects also result in investments in low carbon technologies, a substantial share of which is focused on the energy sector. The total installed capacity of all CDM projects amounts to 288,944 MW. However, the CDM is not widely taken up in Africa. This holds true for Africa's share in the CDM project pipeline (2.62 per cent), for Africa's share in CERs generated up to 2012 (3.58 per cent) and for the normalized CERs per capita, per country. Two hypothesizes are commonly discussed: first, the continent features low per capita emissions and low abatement potentials. Second, African countries may be hampered by weak institutional frameworks. This article reviews both hypotheses and presents new empirical data. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Investigating the greenhouse gas (GHS) abatement potential of 16 energy-related sectors for 11 selected least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa shows a total theoretical CDM potential of 128.6 million CERs per year. Analyzing investment indicators confirms that most countries are impeded by below average investment conditions.

Findings
– It is concluded that Africa offers a considerable range of substantial abatement potentials. However, the weak institutional framework is limiting the uptake of the CDM in Africa. This is underpinned by an analysis which shows if a CDM sector has high investment cost, Africa will have a low share in the sector. If the sector has low investment needs per CER, Africa's share in the CDM sector will be bigger. Investment needs and Africa's share in the pipeline feature a negative correlation.

Research limitations/implications
– Supporting CDM development in Africa should not be constraint to technical assistance. It will be crucial to develop an integrated financing approach, comprising the CDM as a co-financing mechanism, to overcome the institutional challenges.

Originality/value
– Until today, there are few empirical studies that use concrete criteria and indicators to show why the CDM is underrepresented in Africa. The work presented here contributes to filling this gap.
Identifying integrated options for agricultural climate change mitigation
Authors: Tzilivakis John , Lewis Kathleen , Green Andrew , Warner Douglas 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– In order to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, it is essential that all industry sectors have the appropriate knowledge and tools to contribute. This includes agriculture, which is considered to contribute about a third of emissions globally. This paper reports on one such tool: IMPACCT: Integrated Management oPtions for Agricultural Climate Change miTigation. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– IMPACCT focuses on GHGs, carbon sequestration and associated mitigation options. However, it also attempts to include information on economic and other environmental impacts in order to provide a more holistic perspective. The model identifies mitigation options, likely economic impacts and any synergies and trade-offs with other environmental objectives. The model has been applied on 22 case study farms in seven Member States.

Findings
– The tool presents some useful concepts for developing carbon calculators in the future. It has highlighted that calculators need to evolve from simply calculating emissions to identifying cost-effective and integrated emissions reduction options.

Practical implications
– IMPACCT has potential to become an effective means of provided targeted guidance, as part of a broader knowledge transfer programme based on an integrated suite of guidance, tools and advice delivered via different media.

Originality/value
– IMPACCT is a new model that demonstrates how to take a more integrated approach to mitigating GHGs on farms across Europe. It is a holistic carbon calculator that presents mitigation options in the context other environmental and economic objectives in the search for more sustainable methods of food production.
Attributes of alignment of real estate and facilities management to business needs
Authors: Shiem-shin Then Danny , Tan Teng-hee , Fonseca Santovito Rogerio , Anker Jensen Per 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a model for consideration of real estate and facilities management (RE/FM) alignment to business needs and to validate the model based on questionnaire surveys carried out in a number of countries around the world.

Design/methodology/approach
– The model for RE/FM alignment is inspired by the work of the fathers of the Balanced Scorecard in their book called Alignment. The model includes a number of criteria for alignment between business needs, facility solutions, FM services and FM resources. Three multi-year questionnaire surveys were conducted using the same methodology: the surveys have been carried out in three rounds in different languages: English, Portuguese and Danish. The respondents were senior professionals in the area of FM and real estate/property, mostly working at strategic levels, and representing countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. The results of the different surveys were combined and then analyzed, using both statistical analysis and tests to validate the results. Differences in the priorities of the alignment criteria in the different regions are described and analyzed.

Findings
– A main result of the surveys is that all of the alignment criteria were seen as relevant and useful in nearly all countries, but the accorded priorities to the different criteria varied significantly for some of the alignment variables in the different regions. The highest degree of agreement was on “capacity”, being the most important criteria for the alignment between supply and demand of facility solutions in relation to business needs. One of the main differences in agreement was between the importance of strategy versus cost in the alignment between “facility solutions” and “FM services”.

Originality/value
– Alignment of RE/FM to business needs is an essential management task and an important tool for RE/FM executives to create added value to their core business. However, there has so far only been limited research into such an alignment concept applicable to FM and an implementation model.
Management of a luxury brand: dimensions and sub-variables from a case study of LVMH
Authors: Cavender RayeCarol , H. Kincade Doris 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop industry specific operational definitions for marketing dimensions and sub-variables in the luxury goods industry that will contribute to the growing body of company-based research on luxury brand management.

Design/methodology/approach
– Case study of a leading luxury goods conglomerate provides operational definitions and insight into best practices for management of a luxury goods brand through an in-depth historical review and analysis of variables, measures, relationships, and patterns that emerged throughout the study of the sample company.

Findings
– Successes and failures of brand management for the sample company for the umbrella variables of brand strategy, growth trade-offs, and strategic planning, and their associated sub-variables, were identified in the review of literature and were analyzed, adapted, and enumerated according to findings from the case study.

Research limitations/implications
– Results limited to the study of one sample company. Common themes were identified in the management of a luxury brand that can be used by researchers to study other luxury companies.

Practical implications
– Variables and measures for luxury brand management were identified throughout the review of literature and verified throughout the case study as being instrumental in brand management success of a leading luxury goods conglomerate and may be relevant to other luxury companies aiming to hone their brand management strategies.

Originality/value
– Luxury goods research is increasing in prominence, but the majority of this research is consumer-based. This research contributes to the growing body of company-based luxury research.
Consumer-brand relationships in step-down line extensions of luxury and designer brands
Authors: Hanslin Kamilla , Rindell Anne 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss and identify consumer-brand relationships in a luxury brand context. The focus is on consumer-brand relationship forms emerging in relation to step-down line extensions of luxury brands. The study is positioned within fashion industry.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative research approach is adopted analyzing data from 13 open consumer interviews. Photo collages of luxury brands and their step-down line extension logos were used as inspiration for informants in the interviews.Findings– Findings show that consumer-brand relationships mostly follow earlier identified consumer-brand relationships. However, five new relationship types (status, inspirational, impulse, rewarding and turncoat) are identified. All but status relationships can be generalized also to other contexts than the luxury brand context.Research limitations/implications– The study advances the understanding of luxury products and their step-down line extensions from a consumer perspective. However, due to the exploratory nature of the study the data are limited.Practical implications– This study showed that step-down line extensions are not perceived as that important that they could not be replaced with another brand in the same product category. Informants often preferred step-down line extensions to parent brands due to their more suitable design, even when the informant was hypothetically asked if the opinion would change if economic issues were not a restraint. Managers are encouraged to analyze their brands based on a brand-relationship approach.Originality/value– The study uses the concept consumer-brand relationship as a new way to understand how consumers relate to line extensions in a luxury brand context. The approach is novel.
Employee satisfaction and sustainable leadership practices in Thai SMEs
Authors: Suriyankietkaew Suparak , C. Avery Gayle 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Given previous findings that employee satisfaction contributes to firm performance and sustainability, this study examined the relationships between 23 leadership/management practices on employee satisfaction. It identified specific practices with significant effects on employee satisfaction. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Using a theoretical framework and questionnaire derived from Avery and Bergsteiner's Sustainable Leadership Model, data were collected from 1,152 employees in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bangkok, Thailand.Findings– Overall, adopting sustainable leadership (SL) practices was related significantly to employee satisfaction, consistent with Avery and Bergsteiner's model. Twenty of the 23 SL practices were linked to enhanced employee satisfaction, the exceptions being independence from the financial markets, self-management and environmental responsibility. Specific SL practices predicted enhanced employee satisfaction more than others, the strongest predictor being high staff engagement. Other practices associated with employee satisfaction were: valuing employees, ethical behaviour, considered organizational change, a strong and shared vision, an enabling culture, and quality in products and services.Research limitations/implications– Considerable scope exists for future research into the relationships between individual and bundles of SL practices with employee satisfaction in different national, industry and other contexts. Further limitations are discussed in the paper.Practical implications– Managers of SMEs in Thailand and possibly in other contexts should consider adopting the SL practices shown to significantly enhance employee satisfaction and in doing so help sustain their business success.Originality/value– This study pioneered research into a gap in the literature about the SL and management practices that positively predict enhanced employee satisfaction, an area of importance to both leadership practice and research.