bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupled post‐glacial history in mutualistic plant–insect interactions: insights from the yellow loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris) and its associated oil‐collecting bees (Macropis europaea and M. fulvipes)
Authors: Triponez Yann , Arrigo Nils , Espíndola Anahí , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimWe take a comparative phylogeographical approach to assess whether three species involved in a specialized oil‐rewarding pollination system (i.e. Lysimachia vulgaris and two oil‐collecting bees within the genus Macropis) show congruent phylogeographical trajectories during post‐glacial colonization processes. Our working hypothesis is that within specialized mutualistic interactions, where each species relies on the co‐occurrence of the other for survival and/or reproduction, partners are expected to show congruent evolutionary trajectories, because they are likely to have followed parallel migration routes and to have shared glacial refugia.LocationWestern Palaearctic.MethodsOur analysis relies on the extensive sampling of 104 Western Palaearctic populations (totalling 434, 159 and 74 specimens of Lysimachia vulgaris, Macropis europaea and Macropis fulvipes, respectively), genotyped with amplified fragment length polymorphism. Based on this, we evaluated the regional genetic diversity (Shannon diversity and allele rarity index) and genetic structure (assessed using structure, population networks, isolation‐by‐distance and spatial autocorrelation metrics) of each species. Finally, we compared the general phylogeographical patterns obtained.ResultsContrary to our expectations, the analyses revealed phylogeographical signals suggesting that the investigated organisms demonstrate independent post‐glacial trajectories as well as distinct contemporaneous demographic parameters, despite their mutualistic interaction.Main conclusionsThe mutualistic partners investigated here are likely to be experiencing distinct and independent evolutionary dynamics because of their contrasting life‐history traits (e.g. dispersal abilities), as well as distinct hubs and migration routes. Such conditions would prevent and/or erase any signature of co‐structuring of lineages in space and time. As a result, the lack of phylogeographical congruence driven by differences in life‐history traits might have arisen irrespective of the three species having shared similar Pleistocene glacial refugia.
Statin Use and Decline in Gait Speed in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan , Perera Subashan , Gray Shelly L. , Boudreau Robert M. , Zgibor Janice C. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Donohue Julie M. , Bunker Clareann H. , Newman Anne B. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Bauer Douglas C. , Satterfield Suzanne , Caserotti Paolo , Harris Tamara , Shorr Ronald I. , Hanlon Joseph T. ,   the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the association between statin use and objectively assessed decline in gait speed in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHealth, Aging and Body Composition (HealthABC) Study.ParticipantsTwo thousand five participants aged 70–79 at baseline with medication and gait speed data at 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, and 2002–03.MeasurementsThe independent variables were any statin use and their standardized daily doses (low, moderate, high) and lipophilicity. The primary outcome measure was decline in gait speed of 0.1 m/s or more in the following year of statin use. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were used, adjusting for demographic characteristics, health‐related behaviors, health status, and access to health care.ResultsStatin use increased from 16.2% in 1998–99 to 25.6% in 2002–03. The overall proportions of those with decline in gait speed of 0.1 m/s or more increased from 22.2% in 1998 to 23.9% in 2003. Statin use was not associated with decline in gait speed of 0.1 m/s or more (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77–1.06). Similar nonsignificant trends were also seen with the use of hydrophilic or lipophilic statins. Users of low‐dose statins were found to have a 22% lower risk of decline in gait speed than nonusers (AOR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.61–0.99), which was mainly driven by the results from 1999–2000 follow‐up.ConclusionThese results suggest that statin use did not increase decline in gait speed in community‐dwelling older adults.
Significant Unmet Oral Health Needs of Homebound Elderly Adults
Authors: Ornstein Katherine A. , DeCherrie Linda , Gluzman Rima , Scott Elizabeth S. , Kansal Jyoti , Shah Tushin , Katz Ralph , Soriano Theresa A. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the oral health status, use of dental care, and dental needs of homebound elderly adults and to determine whether medical diagnoses or demographic factors influenced perceived oral health.DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingParticipants’ homes in New York City.ParticipantsHomebound elderly adults (N = 125).MeasurementsA trained dental research team conducted a comprehensive clinical examination in participants’ homes and completed a dental use and needs survey and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index.ResultsParticipants who reported a high level of unmet oral health needs were more likely to be nonwhite, although this effect was not significant in multivariate analysis. Individual medical diagnoses and the presence of multiple comorbidities were not associated with unmet oral health needs.ConclusionThe oral health status of homebound elderly adults was poor regardless of their medical diagnoses. High unmet oral health needs combined with strong desire to receive dental care suggests there is a need to improve access to dental care for this growing population. In addition to improving awareness of geriatricians and primary care providers who care for homebound individuals, the medical community must partner with the dental community to develop home‐based programs for older adults.
High Rates of Native Hawaiian and Older Japanese Adults Hospitalized with Dementia in Hawai‘i
Authors: Sentell Tetine L. , Valcour Nicole , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Miyamura Jill , Nakamoto Beau , Chow Dominic , Masaki Kamal , Seto Todd B. , Chen John J. , Shikuma Cecilia 
Published: December 2014

Data on dementia in Native Hawaiians and many Asian subgroups in the United States are limited. Inpatients with dementia have higher costs, longer stays, and higher mortality than those without dementia. This study compared rates of inpatients with a dementia diagnosis for disaggregated Asian and Pacific Islanders (Native Hawaiian, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino) with those of whites according to age (18–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–89, ≤90) for all adults hospitalized in Hawai‘i between December 2006 and December 2010; 13,465 inpatients with a dementia diagnosis were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Rates were calculated using population size denominators derived from the U.S. Census. In all age categories, Native Hawaiians had the highest unadjusted rates of inpatients with dementia and were more likely to have a dementia diagnosis at discharge at younger ages than other racial and ethnic groups. In adjusted models (controlling for sex, residence location, and insurer), Native Hawaiian inpatients aged 18 to 59 (aRR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.84–2.69), 60 to 69 (aRR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.74–3.68), 70 to 79 (aRR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.78–2.69), and 80 to 89 (aRR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.24–1.71) were significantly more likely to have dementia than whites, as were Japanese aged 70 to 79 (aRR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01–1.67), 80 to 89 (aRR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05–1.57), and 90 and older (aRR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.24–1.85). Japanese aged 18 to 59 had were significantly less likely to have dementia than whites (aRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17–0.94). These patterns have important public health and clinical care implications for Native Hawaiians and older Japanese populations. Future studies should consider whether preventable medical risk, caregiving, socioeconomic conditions, genetic disposition, or a combination of these factors are responsible for these findings.
Predictors of Admission After Emergency Department Discharge in Older Adults
Authors: Gabayan Gelareh Z. , Sarkisian Catherine A. , Liang Li‐Jung , Sun Benjamin C. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of hospital inpatient admission of older Medicare beneficiaries after discharge from the emergency department (ED).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNonfederal California hospitals (n = 284).ParticipantsVisits of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older discharged from California EDs in 2007 (n = 505,315).MeasurementsUsing the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development files, predictors of hospital inpatient admission within 7 days of ED discharge in older adults (≥65) with Medicare were evaluated.ResultsHospital inpatient admissions within 7 days of ED discharge occurred in 23,340 (4.6%) visits and were associated with older age (70–74: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.17; 75–79: AOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.13–1.23; ≥80: AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.35–1.46), skilled nursing facility use (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.72–1.94), leaving the ED against medical advice (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.67–1.98), and the following diagnoses with the highest odds of admission: end‐stage renal disease (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI = 2.42–6.08), chronic renal disease (AOR = 3.19, 95% CI = 2.26–4.49), and congestive heart failure (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI = 2.59–3.50).ConclusionFive percent of older Medicare beneficiaries have a hospital inpatient admission after discharge from the ED. Chronic conditions such as renal disease and heart failure were associated with the greatest odds of admission.
Highly‐active antiretroviral therapy and oral opportunistic microorganisms in HIV‐positive individuals of Thailand
Authors: Arirachakaran Pratanporn , Poovorawan Yong , Dahlén Gunnar 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimOral mucosal lesions and opportunistic microorganisms in HIV‐positive Thais treated with highly‐active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 5 years were investigated.MethodsA total of 221 HIV‐infected patients, comprising 148 HIV patients undergoing HAART for more than 5 years, 20 non‐HAART HIV patients, 53 vertically‐transmitted (VT) HAART HIV patients, and 30 HIV‐negative controls, were examined for CD4+ counts, viral load, saliva secretion rate, and oral mucosal lesions. Samples from the tongue, gingival crevices, and mucosal lesions when present were cultured for the amounts of Candida, staphylococci, enterococci, and aerobic Gram‐negative bacilli.ResultsHAART (including HIV–VT) maintained oral microbial homeostasis predominated by alpha‐hemolytic streptococci similar to the non‐HIV controls and with a low prevalence of mucosal lesions. The HAART group had a reduced saliva secretion rate. The frequency and load of opportunistic microorganisms in the HAART group were similar to the non‐HAART group, which was significantly higher than the HIV‐negative controls. Candida spp. was found significantly more frequently on the tongue in HIV‐infected individuals with CD4+ counts <500 cells/mm3.ConclusionAlthough we did not find lower levels of mucosal lesions among HAART compared to non‐HAART individuals, HAART therapy could prolong the time before opportunistic oral pathogens overwhelm the commensal members of oral microbiota.
Melatonin decreases muscular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by strenuous exercise and stimulates growth factor synthesis
Authors: Borges Leandro da Silva , Dermargos Alexandre , Junior Edenilson Pinto da Silva , Weimann Eleine , Lambertucci Rafael Herling , Hatanaka Elaine 
Published: December 2014

AbstractStrenuous exercise is detrimental to athletes because of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Melatonin, a classic antioxidant, has been shown to exhibit beneficial effects regarding intense exercise and tissue repair. In this study, we evaluated the onset and resolution of inflammation in melatonin‐treated and nontreated rats subjected to a strenuous exercise session. We also analyzed the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Control and treated rats were subjected to exhaustive exercise after a period of 10 days of melatonin treatment (20 mg/dL). Plasma and muscle levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant‐2‐alpha/beta (CINC‐2α/β), l‐selectin, macrophage inflammatory protein‐3‐alpha (MIP‐3α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured prior to, immediately after, and 2 hr after exercise. Our data revealed decreases in the muscle concentrations of IL‐1β (35%), TNF‐α (13%), IL‐6 (48%), and TBARS (40%) in the melatonin‐treated group compared with the control group. We also observed decreases in the plasma concentrations of IL‐1β (17%) in the melatonin‐treated group. VEGF‐α concentrations and SOD activity increased by 179% and 22%, respectively, in the melatonin‐treated group compared with the control group. We concluded that muscle inflammation and oxidative stress resulting from exhaustive exercise were less severe in the muscles of melatonin‐treated animals than in the muscles of control animals. Thus, melatonin treatment may reverse exercise‐induced skeletal muscle inflammation and stimulate growth factor synthesis.
Melatonin treatment improves primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case report
Authors: López‐González Antonio , Álvarez‐Sánchez Nuria , Lardone Patricia J. , Cruz‐Chamorro Ivan , Martínez‐López Alicia , Guerrero Juan M. , Reiter Russel J. , Carrillo‐Vico Antonio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe describe the case of a female patient who, at the age of 28, was diagnosed with symptoms of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Glucocorticoid treatment was immediately initiated. The disease and the demyelinating lesions progressed during the following 9 years reaching Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 8.0 (patient essentially restricted to bed, a chair or perambulated in a wheelchair). At this point, the patient began taking melatonin at doses ranging from 50 to 300 mg per day. Melatonin was her only treatment for the next 4 years; during this interval, her EDSS progressively recovered to 6.0 (the person needs intermittent or unilateral constant assistance such as cane, crutch, or brace to walk 100 meters with or without resting). This long‐lasting improvement is likely due to melatonin usage since it is related in time and because of its exceptionally long duration.
Exploring Diversity in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Among Rural Dwelling Canadians
Authors: Janzen Bonnie , Karunanayake Chandima , Pahwa Punam , Dyck Roland , Rennie Donna , Lawson Josh , Pickett William , Bryce Rhonda , Hagel Louise , Zhao Guangming , Dosman James ,   on behalf of the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study Team
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeTo describe the patterning of socioeconomic inequalities in health among rural dwelling women and men in a Canadian province, exploring diversity in associations by measure of socioeconomic position, health outcome, and demographic characteristics.MethodsBaseline data from the Saskatchewan Rural Health Study was used, an ongoing prospective cohort study examining the health of rural people in Saskatchewan, Canada. Of the 11,004 eligible addresses, responses to mailed questionnaires were obtained from 4,624 (42%) households, representing 8,261 women and men. Multiple logistic regression was the primary method of analysis; generalized estimating equations were utilized to account for household clustering. Associations between 5 health outcomes (self‐rated health, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes, heart attack, high blood pressure) and 4 indicators of socioeconomic position (income, education, financial strain, occupational skill level) were assessed, with age and gender as potential effect modifiers.FindingsWith the exception of occupational skill level, socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators were strongly and inversely related to most health outcomes, often in a graded manner. Associations between SEP and several health outcomes were weaker for older than younger participants (heart attack, high blood pressure, lung disease) and stronger among women compared to men (high blood pressure, lung disease).ConclusionsThe patterning of SEP‐health associations observed in this rural Canadian sample suggests the need for health promotion strategies and policy initiatives to be broadly targeted at individuals and families occupying a wide range of socioeconomic circumstances.
Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials in Andrology Journals: A Quality Assessment
Authors: Jo Jung Ki , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Kyu Shik , Song Soo Hyun , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is important to prevent the adoption of findings of low-quality trials into clinical practice.

Aim
The aim of this study was to analyze the quality of studies reporting RCTs in andrology journals (The Journal of Sexual Medicine [JSM], the Asian Journal of Andrology [AJA], the Journal of Andrology [JOA], the International Journal of Andrology [IJA]).

Methods
A quality assessment was conducted on all studies identified as RCTs published in andrology journals (JSM, AJA, JOA, IJA) until 2011. The review period was divided into three terms: early, mid, and late each journal.

Main Outcome Measures
The Jadad scale, van Tulder scale, and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT) were employed. The RCTs were also categorized by country of origin, the inclusion of institutional review board (IRB) approval, funding, and blindness.

Results
There were1,954 original articles published in the JSM, 893 articles in the AJA, 2,527 articles in the JOA, and 2,086 articles in the IJA for the review period. There were 172 studies reporting on RCTs in the JSM, 33 RCTs in the AJA, 63 RCTs in the JOA, and 29 RCTs in the IJA. No significant increase in Jadad or van Tulder scale scores were found over time, nor were there any significant changes in the number of high-quality articles as assessed by CCRBT. However, significant differences in quality analysis were found according to blinding, funding, and IRB approval.

Conclusion
The number of original articles and RCTs in andrology increased over time. However, the ratio of RCTs to original articles as well as RCT quality was statistically insignificant. It would be required for the researchers to focus efforts in performing high-quality studies to ensure appropriate randomization, reviews by IRB, financial support, and inclusion of allocation concealment during study performance.
Malleable Penile Prosthesis is a Cost-Effective Treatment for Refractory Ischemic Priapism
Authors: Tausch Timothy J. , Zhao Lee C. , Morey Allen F. , Siegel Jordan A. , Belsante Michael J. , Seideman Casey A. , Flemons James R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Refractory ischemic priapism (RIP) can be difficult to treat, consuming significant healthcare-related resources. Acute insertion of a malleable penile prosthesis (MPP) has been reported as an effective therapy that treats the priapism and restores sexual function.

Aim
We report our 6-year, urban public hospital experience with acute insertion of MPP in patients with RIP.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients receiving MPPs for RIP from 2007 to 2013. Data analyzed included duration of erection, number of emergency room (ER) visits, hospital admissions, days of hospitalization, and postoperative course. Costs were estimated using standard Medicare reimbursement rates.

Main Outcome Measure
Healthcare-related costs of treatment of RIP episodes in men presenting to our institution.

Results
During the study period, 14 men underwent MPP placement acutely for refractory priapism. Thirteen presented with RIP, and one had stuttering priapism over a 14-day hospitalization. Etiologies included sickle cell anemia (4/13, 29%), medication-induced (3/14, 21%), and idiopathic (7/14, 50%). Average preoperative duration of RIP was 82 hours with considerable consumption of health-care resources (average US $83,818 estimated cost, 4 ER visits [range 1–27], 2 hospital admissions [range 1–5], 1.5 shunt procedures [range 1–3], 5 irrigation and drainage procedures using phenylephrine injection [range 2–20], and 5 hospital admission days [range 2–14]). All patients were discharged within 24 hours of MPP surgery.

Conclusions
The management of RIP is associated with multiple ER visits, prolonged hospital admissions, and significant resource utilization. MPP insertion is efficacious for the immediate resolution of refractory priapism, with potential cost and resource benefits.
Evaluation of the Effect of Orally Administered Acid Suppressants On Intragastric pH in Cats
Authors: Parkinson S. , Tolbert K. , Messenger K. , Odunayo A. , Brand M. , Davidson G. , Peters E. , Reed A. , Papich M.G. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAcid suppressant drugs are a mainstay of treatment for cats with gastrointestinal erosion and ulceration. However, clinical studies have not been performed to compare the efficacy of commonly PO administered acid suppressants in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare the effect of PO administered famotidine, fractionated omeprazole tablet (fOT), and omeprazole reformulated paste (ORP) on intragastricpHin cats. We hypothesized that both omeprazole formulations would be superior to famotidine and placebo.AnimalsSix healthy adultDSHcolony cats.MethodsUtilizing a randomized, 4‐way crossover design, cats received 0.88–1.26 mg/kg PO q12hfOT, ORP, famotidine, and placebo (lactose capsules). IntragastricpHmonitoring was used to continuously record intragastricpHfor 96 hours beginning on day 4 of treatment. Plasma omeprazole concentrations at steady state (day 7) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. Mean percentage time that intragastricpHwas ≥3 and ≥4 were compared among groups using ANOVA with a posthoc Tukey‐Kramer test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean percentage time ± SD that intragastricpHwas ≥3 was 68.4 ± 35.0% forfOT, 73.9 ± 23.2% for ORP, 42.8 ± 18.6% for famotidine, and 16.0 ± 14.2% for placebo. Mean ± SD plasma omeprazole concentrations were similar in cats receivingfOTcompared to those receiving ORP and in a range associated with acid suppression reported in other studies.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese results suggest that both omeprazole formulations provide superior acid suppression in cats compared to famotidine or placebo. Fractionated enteric‐coatedOTis an effective acid suppressant despite disruption of the enteric coating.