bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The individual determinants of care‐seeking among middle‐aged women reporting urinary incontinence: Analysis of a 2273‐woman cohort
Authors: Fritel Xavier , Panjo Henri , Varnoux Noëlle , Ringa Virginie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsOur main objective was to analyze individual determinants that lead middle‐aged women to seek medical care for urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsObservational longitudinal study among GAZEL cohort participants: 2,640 women aged 50–62 completed a self‐administered questionnaire at baseline. Eight years later (2008) 2,273 (86%) responded to a follow‐up questionnaire. Seeking care for UI was defined as any consultation for UI during the 8‐year follow‐up period. Individual determinants considered in the regression analysis were social and demographic characteristics, social relations, UI type and severity, and other health factors.ResultsAmong 1,192 women reporting incontinence at baseline, 24.4% had visited a physician at least once for UI during the follow‐up period (56.0% of those reporting severe UI). The care‐seeking rate increased with age at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed that women who reported severe UI (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 2.6–6.5), mixed UI (2.0; 1.3–3.0), or neurologic disease (1.6; 1.1–2.6), had weak social support (1.4; 1.0–2.0), or talked about their UI with close friends or family (1.5; 1.0–2.1) were more likely to seek care for UI. A model including these factors had a 78% probability of correctly differentiating women with incontinence who chose to seek care from those who did not. Our analysis could not take factors related to the organization of health services into account.ConclusionsWomen do not always seek care for UI, even when it is severe. Besides UI severity and type, consultation is associated with aging, weak social support, conversation about it with close friends and family, and neurologic disorders. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1116–1122, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Luftiger Wohlklang
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDie Flöte ist eines der ältesten Musikinstrumente. Allen Bauformen gemeinsam ist die Tonerzeugung durch eine schwingende Luftsäule. Das physikalische Prinzip ist die stehende Welle, doch die Klangerzeugung ist dynamisch. Die Energie aus der Blasluft wird über Rückkopplung mit der schwingenden Luft im Flötenrohr zugeführt.
Prostate specific antigen enhances the innate defence of prostatic epithelium against Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Townes Claire L , Ali Ased , Gross Naomi , Pal Deepali , Williamson Stuart , Heer Rakesh , Robson Craig N , Pickard Robert S , Hall Judith 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated whether the increase in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) typically seen during male urinary tract infection (UTI) is incidental or reflects an innate defence mechanism of the prostate. The protective roles of the whey‐acid‐motif‐4‐disulphide core (WFDC) proteins, secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and WFDC2, in the prostate were also examined.METHODSUTI recurrence was assessed retrospectively in men following initial UTI by patient interview. PSA, SLPI, and WFDC2 gene expression were assessed using biopsy samples. LNCaP and DU145 in vitro prostate cell models were utilized to assess the effects of an Escherichia coli challenge on PSA and WFDC gene expression, and bacterial invasion of the prostate epithelium. The effects of PSA on WFDC antimicrobial properties were studied using recombinant peptides and time‐kill assays.RESULTSMen presenting with PSA >4 ng/ml at initial UTI were less likely to have recurrent (r) UTI than those with PSA <4 ng/ml [2/15 (13%) vs. 7/10 (70%), P < 0.01]. Genes encoding PSA, SLPI and WFDC2, were expressed in prostatic epithelium, and the PSA and SLPI proteins co‐localized in vivo. Challenging LNCaP (PSA‐positive) cells with E. coli increased PSA, SLPI, and WFDC2 gene expression (P < 0.05), and PSA synthesis (P < 0.05), and reduced bacterial invasion. Pre‐incubation of DU145 (PSA‐negative) cells with PSA also decreased bacterial invasion. In vitro incubation of recombinant SLPI and WFDC2 with PSA resulted in peptide proteolysis and increased E. coli killing.CONCLUSIONSIncreased PSA during UTI appears protective against rUTI and in vitro is linked to proteolysis of WFDC proteins supporting enhanced prostate innate defences. Prostate 73: 1529–1537, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jobs or Amenities? Location Choices of Interprovincial Skilled Migrants in China, 2000–2005
Authors: Liu Ye , Shen Jianfa 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTOn the basis of the data derived from China's 2005 1% population sample survey, this paper examines regional and personal factors that shape locations chosen by China's interprovincial skilled migrants. It aims to evaluate the relative weight of employment opportunities, and amenities, and the ownership structure of economy in determining skilled migrants' destination choices, and the extent to which such place‐based factors work differently among different types of skilled individuals. The results indicate that China's skilled migration is driven mainly by interregional income differentials and that regional variations in amenities and ownership structure play a less important role in this regard. Furthermore, compared with college diploma holders, bachelor's degree holders are more responsive to wage levels and are less sensitive to the risk of unemployment, whereas those with managerial and professional occupations and those without hukou at the destinations are more sensitive to wages and employment possibilities. In addition, there is little evidence that the effects of amenities differ greatly across life‐course groups, but those holding hukou at the destinations are more attracted to places with ample government‐provided amenities. The findings suggest that at least in the first half of 2000s, China's skilled people prioritise career prospects over amenity‐related issues in their migration decisions and that institutional arrangements continue to affect interregional movements of skilled labour in China. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drop‐cast and dye‐sensitized ZnO nanorod‐based visible‐light photodetectors
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Kim Sunkook , Yu Jae Su 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report the facile fabrication of metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) photodetectors with dye‐sensitized ZnO nanorods (NRs) operating at wavelengths of ∼405–638 nm by a simple drop casting method. The ZnO NRs were synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method at 75 °C. The droplet of ethanol solution containing ZnO NRs was dropped between two metal electrodes and dried at 65 °C, which allows the ZnO NRs to be adhered and contacted to both metal electrodes. When a violet light of 405 nm was illuminated into the MSM ZnO NRs‐based photodetector, the photocurrent gain was obtained as ∼3.9 × 103 at the applied bias voltage of 5 V. By increasing the bias voltage from 10 V to 15 V, the device exhibited good recovery performance with a largely reduced reset time from 85.68 s to 2.47 s and an increased on–off ratio from 17.9 to 77.4. To extend the photodetection range towards the long visible spectral region, the ZnO NRs were sensitized by the N719 dye and then drop‐cast. The dye‐sensitized ZnO NRs‐based photodetector also exhibited good photocurrent switching under 638 nm of light illumination. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro gratings written in ZnO:Al thin films using picosecond UV‐laser interference patterning
Authors: Ring Sven , Stannowski Bernd , Fink Frank , Schlatmann Rutger 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDiffraction micro gratings have been written in ZnO:Al thin films using a picosecond laser operating at 355 nm. Micro gratings of 20 µm diameter with a period of 860 nm show a groove depth up to 120 nm. The total transmittance of square‐centimeter‐size grating‐textured ZnO:Al films was almost unchanged after grating formation, while the sheet resistance increased moderately. The textured films reached haze values of 9% at 700 nm. This simple texturing method can be applied also to ZnO:Al films that cannot be texture etched.magnified imageIllustration of the interfering laser beams and the resulting micro grating (left) and reflection from a micro grating array written in ZnO:Al on glass (right).(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Amphibious Pattern Design of a Robotic Fish with Wheel‐propeller‐fin Mechanisms
Authors: Yu Junzhi , Ding Rui , Yang Qinghai , Tan Min , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: July 2013

This paper is devoted to the underwater and terrestrial locomotion aspects of an amphibious robotic fish propelled by modular fish‐like propelling units and a pair of hybrid wheel‐propeller‐fin mechanisms. According to the mechanical structure and locomotion characteristics of the robot, a central pattern generator (CPG) network comprising coupled oscillators is employed to produce signals for swimming, crawling, as well as transitions between them. Specifically, a set of four key parameters including a tonic input drive, a direction factor, and two pitch factors is introduced to serve as input to the CPG network. Meanwhile, a finite state machine is built to trigger locomotor pattern transitions. Field tests on the amphibious patterns and autonomous water‐land transition demonstrate the effectiveness of the adopted CPG‐based control architecture. The latest results show that the robot attained a maximum advancing speed of 1.16 m/s (corresponding to 1.66 body lengths per second), a minimal turning radius of approximately 0.55 m (corresponding to 0.79 body lengths) on land, as well as an average rolling speed of 204 degrees per second in an alligator‐like roll maneuver. It is also found that the dolphin‐like dorsoventral swimming could provide an increase of 10.3% in speed compared to the fish‐like carangiform swimming on the same propulsion platform.
System of Systems Integration: Key Considerations and Challenges
Authors: Madni Azad M. , Sievers Michael 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAs systems are called on to participate on demand within system‐of‐systems (SoS), system‐of‐systems integration (SoSI) has become a key concern. This capability is especially important in defense and aerospace where systems are increasingly required to interoperate on demand to satisfy mission requirements. SoSI is also becoming increasingly important in healthcare and energy domains. SoSI involves interfacing and enabling the interactions of component systems to create the needed SoS capability to accomplish mission or business goals. SoSI, which is part of the overall SoS development life cycle, increases in complexity when there are legacy systems that need to be integrated, and when humans are tasked to perform in various capacities within the SoS. An added layer of complexity is introduced when the SoS has to exhibit certain quality attributes such as adaptability and resilience in the face of contingencies and disruptions in the operational environment. This paper addresses key considerations and challenges in SoSI.
Rheological characterization of cellular blood in shear
Authors: Reasor D. A. , Clausen J. R. , Aidun C. K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA hybrid lattice-Boltzmann spectrin-link (LB–SL) method is used to simulate dense suspensions of red blood cells (RBCs) for investigating rheological properties of blood. RBC membranes are modelled using a coarse-grained SL method and are filled with a viscous Newtonian fluid solution with viscosity five times that of the suspending fluid. Relative viscosities, normal stress differences, and particle pressures are reported for a range of capillary numbers at a physiologically realistic haematocrit value of approximately 42.5 %. Viscosity shear thinning is demonstrated for shear rates ranging from 14 to 440 s−1and is shown to be affected by the orientation and bending modulus of RBCs. The particle-phase pressure undergoes a change in sign from positive to negative as the shear rate is increased. The particle-phase normal stress tensor values show that there is a transition from compressive to tensile states in the flow direction as the shear rate is increased. The normal stress differences are notably different from those recently reported for deformable capsule suspensions using a similar methodology, which suggests that the bending stiffness and the biconcave shape of RBCs affect the rheology of blood.
Modelling rollers for shallow water flows
Authors: Thual O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHydraulic jumps, roll waves or bores in open channel flows are often treated as singularities by hydraulicians while slowly varying shallow water flows are described by continuous solutions of the Saint-Venant equations. Richard & Gavrilyuk (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 725, 2013, pp. 492–521) have enriched this model by introducing an equation for roller vorticity in a very elegant manner. This new model matches several experimental results that have resisted theoretical approaches for decades. This is the case of the roller of a stationary hydraulic jump as well as the oscillatory instability that the jump encounters when the Froude number is increased. The universality of their approach as well as its convincing comparisons with experimental results open the way for significant progress in the modelling of open channel flows.
Analytical shock solutions at large and small Prandtl number
Authors: Johnson B. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractExact one-dimensional solutions to the equations of fluid dynamics are derived in the $\mathit{Pr}\rightarrow \infty $ and $\mathit{Pr}\rightarrow 0$ limits (where $\mathit{Pr}$ is the Prandtl number). The solutions are analogous to the $\mathit{Pr}= 3/ 4$ solution discovered by Becker and analytically capture the profile of shock fronts in ideal gases. The large-$\mathit{Pr}$ solution is very similar to Becker’s solution, differing only by a scale factor. The small-$\mathit{Pr}$ solution is qualitatively different, with an embedded isothermal shock occurring above a critical Mach number. Solutions are derived for constant viscosity and conductivity as well as for the case in which conduction is provided by a radiation field. For a completely general density- and temperature-dependent viscosity and conductivity, the system of equations in all three limits can be reduced to quadrature. The maximum error in the analytical solutions when compared to a numerical integration of the finite-$\mathit{Pr}$ equations is $\mathit{O}({\mathit{Pr}}^{- 1} )$ as $\mathit{Pr}\rightarrow \infty $ and $\mathit{O}(\mathit{Pr})$ as $\mathit{Pr}\rightarrow 0$.
An experimental and theoretical study of the dynamics of grounding lines
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Worster M. Grae 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present an experimental and theoretical study of a thin, viscous fluid layer that flows radially under gravity from a point source into a denser inviscid fluid layer of uniform depth above a rigid horizontal surface. Near the source, the viscous layer lies in full contact with the surface, forming a vertical-shear-dominated viscous gravity current. At a certain distance from the source, the layer detaches from the surface to form a floating current whose dynamics are controlled by the viscous stresses due to longitudinal extension. We describe the dynamics of the grounded and floating components using distinct thin-layer theories. Separating the grounded and floating regions is the freely moving line of detachment, or grounding line, whose evolution we model by balancing the horizontal forces between the two regions. Using numerical and asymptotic analysis, we calculate the evolution of the system from a self-similar form at early times towards a steady state at late times. We use our solutions to illustrate how three-dimensional stresses within marine ice sheets, such as that of West Antarctica, can lead to stabilization of the grounding line. To assess the validity of the assumptions underlying our model, we compare its predictions with data from a series of laboratory experiments.
Somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A(5-HT1A) autoreceptor function in major depression as assessed using the shift in electroencephalographic frequency spectrum with buspirone
Authors: McAllister-Williams R. H. , Alhaj H. A. , Massey A. , Pankiv J. , Reckermann U. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPositron emission tomography and post-mortem studies of the number of somatodendritic 5-hydroxytryptamine1A(5-HT1A) autoreceptors in raphé nuclei have found both increases and decreases in depression. However, recent genetic studies suggest they may be increased in number and/or function. The current study examined the effect of buspirone on the electroencephalographic (EEG) centroid frequency, a putative index of somatodendritic 5-HT1Areceptor functional status, in a cohort of medication-free depressed patients and controls.MethodA total of 15 depressed patients (nine male) and intelligence quotient (IQ)-, gender- and age-matched healthy controls had resting EEG recorded from 29 scalp electrodes prior to and 30, 60 and 90 min after oral buspirone (30 mg) administration. The effect of buspirone on somatodendritic 5-HT1Areceptors was assessed by calculating the EEG centroid frequency between 6 and 10.5 Hz. The effect of buspirone on postsynaptic 5-HT1Areceptors was assessed by measuring plasma growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol concentrations.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed a significantly greater effect of buspirone on the EEG centroid frequency in patients compared with controls (F1,28 = 6.55, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the neuroendocrine responses between the two groups.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with an increase in the functional status of somatodendritic, but not postsynaptic, 5-HT1Aautoreceptors, in medication-free depressed patients in line with hypotheses based on genetic data. This increase in functional status would be hypothesized to lead to an increase in serotonergic negative feedback, and hence decreased release of 5-HT at raphé projection sites, in depressed patients.
Genomewide interaction and enrichment analysis on antidepressant response
Authors: Antypa N. , Drago A. , Serretti A. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundGenomewide association studies (GWASs) on antidepressant efficacy have yielded modest results. A possible reason is that response is influenced by other factors, which possibly interact with genetic variation. We used a GWAS model to predict antidepressant response, by including predictors previously known to affect response, such as quality of life (QoL). We also evaluated the association between genes, previously implicated in gene–environment (G × E) interactions, and response using an enrichment analysis.MethodWe examined a sample of 1426 depressed patients from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial: 774 responders, 652 non-responders and 418 865 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed. First, in a GWAS model, we investigated whether genetic variations interact with patients' levels of QoL to predict response, after controlling for demographic characteristics, severity and population stratification. Second, we conducted an enrichment analysis exploring whether candidate genes that have emerged from prior G × E interaction studies on depression are associated with treatment response.ResultsThe GWAS model, with QoL as a moderator, yielded one SNP (rs520210) associated with response in theNEDD4Lgene (p = 3.64 × 10−8). In the Caucasian sample only, we observed a drop in significance for this SNP. The enrichment analysis showed that SNPs within serotonergic genes contained more significant markers that predicted response, compared with a random set of genes in the genome.ConclusionsOur findings point to possible target genes, which are proposed for further independent replication. Our enrichment analysis provides further support, in a genomewide context, of the role of serotonergic genes in influencing antidepressant response.
Abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, associated with a pronounced increase in the geographical rate of disease propagation
Authors: SMALLMAN-RAYNOR M. R. , CLIFF A. D. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe abrupt transition to heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity in England and Wales, 1947–1957, was associated with a profound change in the spatial dynamics of the disease. Drawing on the complete record of poliomyelitis notifications in England and Wales, we use a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis (swash-backwash model) to evaluate the geographical rate of disease propagation in successive poliomyelitis seasons, 1940–1964. Comparisons with earlier and later time periods show that the period of heightened poliomyelitis epidemicity corresponded with a sudden and pronounced increase in the spatial rate of disease propagation. This change was observed for both urban and rural areas and points to an abrupt enhancement in the propensity for the geographical spread of polioviruses. Competing theories of the epidemic emergence of poliomyelitis in England and Wales should be assessed in the light of this evidence.
Severe hand, foot and mouth disease in Shenzhen, South China: what matters most?
Authors: MOU J. , DAWES M. , LI Y. , HE Y. , MA H. , XIE X. , GRIFFITHS S. , CHENG J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYCase report data and a matched case-control study were used to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children in Shenzhen, China between 2008 and 2011. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate factors associated with severity of infection. Laboratory tests were performed to determine aetiological identification for samples from 163 severe and fatal cases as well as an outpatient-based HFMD sentinel surveillance system (n = 446). All identified EV71 belonged to sub-genotype C4a. No major changes in the CA16 and EV71 viruses were found until the end of 2011. Annual attack rates and the case-severity ratios (CSRs) rose from 0·82/1000 and 0·56/1000, respectively, in 2008 to 2·12/1000 and 6·13/1000 in 2011. The CSR was higher in migrants than in local residents. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of having a severe attack for being a migrant was 2·45, having a fever >39°C (OR 5·77), visiting a private clinic (OR 2·65), longer time from symptom onset to diagnosis (OR 1·49), visiting a doctor (OR 1·51), early use of intramuscular pyrazolone (OR 3·36), early use of intravenous glucocorticoids (OR 2·28), or the combination of both (OR 3·75). The mortality and increasing case severity appears to be associated with socioeconomic factors including migration and is of worldwide concern.