bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractive error after intravitreal bevazicumab for threshold disease in retinopathy of prematurity: Two‐years follow‐up
Authors: JONAS J , HARDER B , SCHLICHTENBREDE F , VON BALTZ S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To examine the association between myopic refractive error at two years of life in infants who postnatally received an intravitreal bevacizumab injection or standard laser therapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in fundus zone I or zone II.Methods In the retrospective non‐randomized interventional comparative study, infants who consecutively received a single intravitreal bevacizumab (0.375 mg) injection (study group) were compared with infants who had previously undergone standardized retinal argon laser therapy (control group). The follow‐up examination included cylcoplegic refractometry.Results The study group consisted of 7 children (13 eyes) and the control group included 14 children (27 eyes). Both groups did not differ significantly in gestational age and follow‐up. At the end of follow‐up of 24 months, refractive error (median:+1.00 diopters (D) (+4.0D to ‐10.00D) versus median:‐7.50D (+2.50D to ‐15.0D);P=0.001)), astigmatism (median:0.25D (0D to 2D) versus median:1.25 D (0D to 5.75D);P=0.001)) and prevalence of high myopia (≤‐6D) (15±10% versus 52±10%;P=0.04) were significantly less in the study group than control group. After adjusting for gestational age, follow‐up time, gender and birth weight, refractive error (P=0.007), astigmatism (P=0.01) and prevalence of high myopia (P=0.03; Odds Ratio:0.13) were significantly associated only with laser therapy versus bevacizumab therapy.Conclusion A single intravitreal bevacizumab injection as compared to conventional retinal laser coagulation was associated with a lower degree of myopization and less astigmatism at two year follow‐up.
Wide field imaging in patients treated with vigabatrin
Authors: ARNDT C , BRUGNIART C , BURSTZYN J , MOTTE J , DUCASSE A , BENISTY D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Vigabatrin is an active treatment for epilepsia in children particularily for West’s syndrome. In children when visual field testing cannot be performed, regular ERG recording is mandatory to screen for retinal toxicity. Some peripheral retinal changes have been described with ophthalmoscopy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of retinal changes wide field imaging and to compare the results with ERG recordings.Methods Five consecutive patients treated with vigabatrin were followed up with Flicker ERG and wide field imaging using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Optomap, Optos). Flicker ERG amplitude was considered as abnormal below 50µV.Results Two patients had abnormal ERG recordings and presented with peripheral pigmentary changes. One patient presented with abnormal flicker ERG and normal retinal imaging. Two patients had normal ERG recordings with no peripheral changes on wide field imaging.Conclusion The follow‐up with ERG in children treated with vigabatrin is complicated because the recordings are regularly repeated. A follow‐up protocol combining electrophysiological recordings and wide field imaging could simplify screening for retinal toxicity but the remains to be demonstrated with a prospective study.
Quality of life among children with severe and chronic ophthalmic conditions
Authors: AZIZ A , MATONTI F , FAKHOURY O , DENIS D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the impact on the quality of life of children from 8 to 18 years‐old of a rare and serious ophthalmological condition (cataract and congenital glaucoma).Methods Analysis of the answers obtained between May and November,2012 by autoquestionnaire( KIDSCREEN‐10) among children from 8 to 18 years‐old and from their parents and approaching their physical, social, moral and educational wellness. The children are patients of a department of pediatric ophthalmology of the South of France and followed‐up on the long term for chronic and severe ophthalmological conditions.Results 50 children (mean age 12 years) and 45 parents participated in this study. We register a lack of energy and an impression to be decreased to the everyday life to 32% of the children according to their parents(n: 14) and 27%(n: 13) according to the children. A feeling of sadness is present according to the parents for 43% of the staff(n: 19) and to 36% of the children according to their statements(n: 18). The solitude is felt at 64 %(n: 28)of children according to their parents against 30% (n: 15) according to the children. The school life is affected according to the parents for 82% of the children(n: 37) and 70% when we question the children (n: 35). The global appreciation of the child's health is degraded at 30 % of the children (n: 13) according to their parents against 22% according to the children (n:11).Conclusion Chronic ophthalmological conditions have certain noxious impact on the quality of life of the children and particularly in their social relationships and their school life. This study shows a good correlation between the felt of the parents on the real‐life experience of their children and the appreciation which make the children themselves.
Experience with straylight in the cataract clinic
Authors: COCHENER B 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe know that there are many sources of physiologic scatters such modified cornea (after refractive surgery, haze, dystrophies, ocular surface disease) , vitreous alterations and lens changes with the aging process inducing progressive cataract and impairing light diffusion. Nowadays, thanks to the access to scatter measurement, we might be able to assess tear film quality dynamics (with an increase in ocular surface desiccation commonly observed in old patients), but moreover we could detect early cataract at the stage of no induced visual acuity decrease but quality of vision degradation. We will present the preliminary results of a multicenter French study based on the use of the Double Pass Image Analyser (OQAS) for the potential diagnosis of cataract, on a standardized questionnaire of life and taking also account the integrity of ocular surface in addition to visual performances. The key parameter provided by this platform is the OSI (Ocular Surface that increases when scatters are in elevation (superior to 4). Our preliminary pilot results show a significant correlation between quality of life and OSI changes, suggesting that the objective measurement of light scatter might be of interest for detection of early cataract and that the consideration of quality of life (based on a basic questionnaire) should be considered in the modern new definition of cataract.
Inclusion effects if straylight is added to the indication for cataract surgery
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn several European countries, criteria for cataract surgery (CE) are being debated. Within the ophthalmological profession, but also from other sides it is sometimes thought that more transparent choices are in order. Health insurances and governments may exert pressure for other than quality of care motives. With the high levels of safety nowadays achieved, CE can be offered much earlier, but to which patients precisely? Whatever the motives, it is of relevance to discuss potential improvements in targeting CE, making use of new instruments for evaluation of cataract related losses of visual function. As studies by Pesudovs and others show questionnaire assessment to be unreliable on individual basis, the focus must be on functional assessment. This presentation will focus on the CE inclusion effects if straylight assessment (log(s)) would be combined with visual acuity (logMAR). As one dimensional model for disease severity logMAR+log(s) (JCRS2012;38:840‐848) is applied to population studies (5000 general population eyes AJO2007;144:358‐363. 420 CE eyes JCRS2012;38:840‐848. 160 refractive lens exchange eyes, Lapid et al. paper in preparation). In all studies straylight would add strongly to the number of CE inclusions.
Commercial interest
Lithium increases p63 levels in cultured human limbal epithelial stem cells
Authors: MOE MC , JOHNSEN E , NESS CH , SHAHDADFAR A , NICOLAISSEN B , NOER A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose p63 (isoform ΔNp63α) is a putative stemness marker for limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), and is essential for the proliferative potential of stem cells in stratified epithelia. The niche for LESCs is the limbus, located between the clear cornea and bulbar conjunctiva. LESCs are responsible for and able to renew and repair the corneal epithelium throughout life. In a number of disorders and after trauma, limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) may occur, and this can be treated by isolation and cultivation of LESCs from a healthy eye followed by transplantation to the affected eye. It is known that the percentage of p63‐bright cells affect the success rate of the transplantation. Thus, we wanted to reveal whether lithium, a known Wnt signaling inducing agent, may increase the expression of p63 in human LESC cultures.Methods Small limbal biopsies (1x1‐2mm) were dissected from donor corneas and cultured in a standard medium at 37 oC and 5% CO2 under different concentrations of lithium (LiCl2). The cells were cultured for 3‐6 weeks and medium was changed every 2‐3 days.Results The epithelial cells migrated from the limbal biopsy to form an epithelial sheet. Lithium enhanced the expression of p63 compared to controls, and this was confirmed by qRTPCR. Further studies mapping epigenetic alterations of the lithium treatment are currently conducted.Conclusion Lithium induced upregulation of p63 in LESC could be clinically important by increasing the long term success of limbal stem cell therapy.
Identification of infected corneal epithelial cells using an innovative in vivo fluorescent multilaser confocal microscope: Proofs of concept
Authors: NAIGEON N , VERHOEVEN P , BOURLET T , SOULIER H , POZZETTO B , HE Z , CAMPOLMI N , CINOTTI E , PISELLI S , GAIN P , THURET G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To make the proof of concept of using fluorescent markers specific of certain bacteria or viruses (Herpes simplex virus, HSV) to make the aetiologic diagnosis of infectious keratitis directly at patient bedside, using fluorescent in vivo confocal microscopy (FIVCM)Methods We fully adapted for ophthalmology, the dermatology multilaser FIVCM vivascope 1500ML (Lucid Inc, NY, MAVIG GmbH, Germany) equipped with 488, 658, and 785nm class IB lasers. Human corneas unsuitable for graft were infected with either a specific bacteria species or HSV suspensions after mechanichal superficial central wound to mimick a superficial infectious keratitis. They were incubated with the suspension during 2h, rinsed, and returned to storage medium for 24h at 31°C. For controls, bacteria or viruses were replaced by balanced salt solution. Corneas were incubated with the corresponding fluorescent marker, one for HSV, the other for bacteria during 1h at 37°C. After meticulous rinsing, corneas were mounted on an anterior artificial chamber and observed with the FIVCMResults Control corneas showed little to no fluorescence, whereas numerous epithelial cells were fluorescent using the corresponding couple marker/wavelengthConclusion For the first time we obtained the POCs, on ex vivo human corneas, of specific diagnosis of bacteria or HSV keratitis using FIVCM. Animal experiments are ongoing in our laboratory on infectious keratitis models to confirm the feasibility and safety of this new promising diagnosis method. Grant: Appel à projet jeune chercheur GIRCI Rhone Alpes Auvergne 2012
Various epithelial manifestation of herpetic keratitis in corneal confocal microscopy imaging
Authors: WOJCIK L , WYLEGALA E , SMEDOWSKI A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To present different variants of epithelial changes observed in patients with herpetic keratitis in corneal confocal microscopy in vivo images.Methods In 19 patients with diagnosed herpetic keratitis of typical clinical course, we performed the following: basic slit lamp examination, corneal scans using Scheimpflug camera and corneal confocal microscopy in vivo. Full thickness corneal scans were made and compared with corresponding images from healthy objects. Additional imaging of epithelial layer with higher magnification was made to compare detailed changes within all components of epithelial layer.Results On a slit lamp examination we described different size and surface ulceration of typical dendritic shape. In the image from Scheimpflug camera – local turbidity of stroma and lack of superficial layers in place of ulceration. The corneal confocal microscopy images showed different severity of stromal changes in form of hazing, turbidity, keratocytes activation, inflammatory cells infiltration or fibrosis. In epithelial layer scans except mostly diffused inflammatory infiltration, we described changes involving: epithelial cells‐intracellular inclusions, abnormal cells shape and size, degeneration; intercellular matrix‐hazing, inclusions; superficial nerve plexus‐thinning or lack of nerves, mace expand of nerves, nerve fibers proliferation; Bowman membrane and anterior stroma‐epithelial hernias into deeper layers.Conclusion Herpetic corneal inflammations have no typical image in corneal confocal microscopy; however can show repeatable features in epithelial layer, which are helpful in diagnosis. Corneal confocal microscopy is useful tool for recognizing viral keratitis.
Regeneration of lymphatic vessels after lymphatic‐specific photodynamic therapy is not dependent on lymphangiogenesis and tissue remodeling by myofibroblast
Authors: KILARSKI W 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically used therapeutic procedure based on the administration of a non‐toxic photosensitizer followed by sub‐thermal light exposure for treatment of pathologic cornea neovascularization. However, this approach does not target pre‐existing lymphatics at the cornea limbus and sustained antigen drainage can lead to rejection of allogenic cornea grafts. Our PDT protocol aim at specific destruction of lymphatic vessels leaving blood circulation intact. Collecting lymphatic vessels remain occluded for 9 days and then the drainage is restored. Interestingly, lymphatic regeneration occurs not by lymphangiogenesis and wound healing but by true, epimorphic regeneration. We found that myofibroblasts were present in the tissue even though the tissue injury was limited to the lymphatic endothelial cells of collecting lymphatics and their pericyte coverage. Even though myofibroblasts were recruited and persisted in the tissue for the whole period of lymphatic regeneration no scaring in other tissue structures was observed, i.e. remodeling of blood vessels, nerve fibers or adipocytes. Limited tissue remodeling and scarification after lymphatic‐specific PDT should alleviate potential clinical translation of this method for temporal occlusion of collecting lymphatics e.g. before cornea grafting.
Role of myofibroblasts in epiretinal membrane development
Authors: BOCHATON‐PIALLAT ML 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: Fibrous epiretinal membranes (ERMs) result from inappropriate proliferation, migration and differentiation of several cell types including myofibroblasts. They occur at the endstage of proliferative and idiopathic vitreoretinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Myofibroblasts exhibit contractile features that are typical of granulation tissue during wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases and are responsible for granulation tissue remodeling and retraction. The marker of myofibroblasts is the expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (alpha‐SMA). Transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐beta1) and ED‐A fibronectin are key players of the complex process of myofibroblast differentiation. Methods: Samples of ERM were studied by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy with antibodies specific for alpha‐SMA, vimentin, TGF‐beta1, TGF‐beta receptor II and EDA‐ fibronectin. Results: The presence of alpha‐SM actin‐positive myofibroblasts was associated with the expression of vimentin, TGF‐beta1, TGF‐beta receptor II, and ED‐A fibronectin in all types of ERMs. Conclusions: The results furnish new data on the mechanism of alpha‐SM actin stimulation in fibroblasts in a human pathologic setting.
Glaucoma surgery
Authors: BARRAQUER J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Discussion of surgical management of different types of glaucoma.Methods In congenital glaucoma early surgical management is indicated (goniotomy). In acute angle‐closure glaucoma immediate treatment is imperative (laser iridotomy or surgical iridectomy). In chronic angle‐closure glaucoma management depends on the evolution and duration of the process:a) Peripheral iridectomy. b) Non‐perforating trabeculectomy. c) Perforating trabeculectomy.d) YAG laser cyclocoagulation. In chronic simple glaucoma medical therapy is indicated if permanent (24 hours) response of the pressure is obtained. If not lamellar trabeculectomy with peripheral iridectomy and application of mitomycine is attempted. In severe chronic simple glaucoma perforating trabeculectomy with mytomycine is indicated.Results In case of flat anterior chamber, with hypertension, malignant angle closure glaucoma is suspected. Management: a) Posterior sclerotomy. b) Vitreous aspiration. c) Reformation of the anterior chamber with air and Healon. d) Application of atropine 4%. If an incipient cataract is present simultaneous sonophako with IOL implantation is indicated. In case of flat anterior chamber with ocular hypotension instillation of 4% atropine and posterior sclerotomy for evacuation of the choroidal detachment, followed by restauration of the anterior chamber with air, is indicated.Conclusion The main symptom of glaucoma is persistent increase of intraocular pressure which generally requires surgical intervention. The individual management has to be carefully selected according to the different types of the disease.
Trabeculectomy revision surgery with Ologen biodegradable collagen matrix implant
Authors: PELOSINI L , ANSARI E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of Ologen (OLO) implant (Kestrel Medical Ltd, Broadstone, Dorset) for trabeculectomy revision surgery versus trabeculectomy revision with Mitomycin C 0.3mg/ml.Methods This study was a prospective pilot trial with 6‐months follow‐up. Fourteen glaucoma patients underwent trabeculectomy revision with OLO. Primary outcome measures included postoperative target intraocular pressure (IOP), with or without medications. Secondary outcome measures included bleb evaluation, OCT imaging, number of medications, number of postoperative interventions and adverse events. All patients were reviewed postoperatively at day 1, 7, week 3, 7, 12 and 24.Results The mean pre‐operative IOP was 22.3 (±4.1 mmHg), mean postoperative IOP was 14 (±5.8 mmHg). IOP reduction from baseline was statistically significant (p<0.05). The bleb remained well formed and functioning in all patient at all postoperative reviews. OCT imaging allowed monitoring of the position of OLO implant and showed a progressive decrease in thickness from week 1 to week 7. No serious events were observed.Conclusion The trial showed that trabeculectomy revision with OLO implant was safe and achieved a success rate similar to trabeculectomy revision with MMC.
The limbal stem cell niche
Authors: SHORTT AJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStem cells contain intrinsic mechanisms that control their behaviour but the environment immediately surrounding them, known as the niche, also plays a fundamental role. In a host of tissues and organisms the stem cell niche has been shown to maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state and to regulate their behaviour. This stem cell – niche principle is typified by the corneal limbus. When limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) are dissociated from their niche in the limbal palisades of Vogt they rapidly differentiate and cease to function as stem cells. It might be imagined that an understanding of the LESC niche would be of the highest priority for researchers in this field but the existence of a surrogate niche, in the form of growth arrested 3T3 fibroblast feeder layers, has allowed research on LESC biology to progress in the absence of a thorough understanding of their native niche. Thankfully LESC niche research has been gathering momentum and several exciting developments hold promise for limbal stem cell deficient patients. Amongst these are the characterisation of the physical structure of the niche and the identification of mesenchymal niche cells, which themselves displaying stem cell properties.
Assessment of the limbal condition
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNew sources of autologous tissue that can functionally replace the corneal epithelium; have recently been considered as an alternative to allogenous limbal transplants for limbal stem cells deficiency (LSCD). Nevertheless, regardless of the cell expansion technique (in vivo or ex vivo), the assessment of the limbal condition is crucial. It goes from the initial staging at the acute phase of a severe chemical burn; using the right classification, to the evaluation of the remaining ocular surface inflammation, during the chronic phase. We will review all the aspects of the evaluation of the limbal condition, that help the clinician, build his therapeutic strategy.
Animal models for ocular melanoma
Authors: CAO J , JAGER M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnimal models play an important role in understanding tumor growth and studying novel therapies in human cancer research. The significance of results from animal experiments relies on the selection of the proper animal model. Many attempts have been made to create appropriate models for uveal melanoma and its characteristic metastatic route. Ocular models have used Greene melanoma, murine B16 melanoma and human uveal melanoma cells, among others, in hamsters, rats, rabbits and mice. Various effective inoculation techniques, including subcutaneous, anterior chamber and posterior compartment injections have been developed to obtain tumor growth and mimic the pathological process of uveal melanoma. Metastatic models by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intrahepatic, intrasplenic and intracardiac injection of tumor cells are able to induce tumor spread and simulate the human metastatic behavior to some extent. However, when we choose animal models, we must be conscious that the disadvantages, such as more aggressive tumor growth, the need for immune suppression in xenogeneic grafts and unreliable spreading sites should be taken into account.
Use of xenografts for preclinical drug testing
Authors: DE LANGE MJ , NéMATI F , VERSLUIS M , JAGER MJ , LUYTEN GPM , DECAUDIN D , VAN DER VELDEN PA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUveal melanoma(UM) originates from melanocytes just like cutaneous melanoma (CM) and similar to CM, the MAPK pathway is involved in the development of UM. However, in vitro we showed an inverse correlation between MAPK and c‐Met activation with increasing metastatic potential of UM. In this study, we aimed to target both Src and c‐Met with repectively Dasatinib and Crizotinib in an experimental xenograft model. We used tissue derived from three different human primary tumours which were subcutaneously transplanted in mice. We used the c‐Met inhibitor Crizotinib to inhibit c‐Met function and Dasatinib to inhibit MAPK via Src. We monitored pharmacodynamics and analysed treatment efficacy with kinase assays. Growth inhibition was seen after treatment with Dasatinib in all three tumours. Crizotinib treatment had no marked effect on tumour size but showed, like Dasatinib, substantial effects on kinase activity. Src and c‐Met show susceptibility towards their inhibitors in vivo. Dasatinib showed an effect on both tumour growth and MAPK activity where Crizotinib effects remained limited to c‐Met inhibition. Combined, these results support our in vitro pathway analysis and warrants for clinical trials with these compounds in UM.