bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A realistic generic model for anti‐tetrachiral systems
Authors: Gatt Ruben , Attard Daphne , Farrugia Pierre‐Sandre , Azzopardi Keith M. , Mizzi Luke , Brincat Jean‐Pierre , Grima Joseph N. 
Published: September 2013

Chiral systems are a class of structures, which may exhibit the anomalous property of a negative Poisson's ratio. Proposed by Wojciechowski and implemented later by Lakes, these structures have aroused interest due to their remarkable mechanical properties and numerous potential applications. In view of this, this paper investigates the on‐axis mechanical properties of the general forms of the flexing anti‐tetrachiral system through analytical and finite element models. The results suggest that these are highly dependent on the geometry (the ratio of ligament lengths, thicknesses, and radius of nodes) and material properties of the constituent materials. We also show that the rigidity of an anti‐tetrachiral system can be changed without altering the Poisson's ratio.The anti‐tetrachiral system, with the unit cell shown in red.
Differentiation Potential of Limbal Fibroblasts and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Corneal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Katikireddy Kishore Reddy , Dana Reza , Jurkunas Ula V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The cornea is covered by a stratified epithelium that is renewed by stem cells located in the peripheral region of the cornea known as the limbus. This stroma of the limbus contains stromal keratocytes that, when expanded in culture, are termed limbal fibroblasts (LFs). It is thought that LFs exhibit similar characteristics to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) and help maintain the epithelial stem cell phenotype in the limbal region. In this study, we aimed at reprogramming stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA4+) LFs and BM MSCs into corneal epithelial lineage using a three-dimensional culture system and embryonic stem cell medium. After enrichment, SSEA4+ cells showed a higher level of stem cell marker expression such as Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, Rex1, ABCG2, and TRA-1–60, and colony-forming efficiency than did SSEA4− cells. SSEA4+, as compared to SSEA4− cells, had a greater propensity to form spheres that, in turn, were induced into ectodermal lineage and further differentiated into functional corneal epithelium. Results show that LFs were similar to BM MSCs in marker profiles, and together with the differences noted between SSEA4+ and SSEA4− cells, point to LFs’ being tissue-specific MSCs. However, LFs showed a greater potential for differentiation into corneal epithelium, indicating the potential importance of tissue-specific adult progenitors in their reprogramming capacity into cells of interest. This study opens a new avenue for investigating the molecular mechanism involved in maintaining a limbal stem cell niche and thus a potentially important clinical application to treat corneal epithelial stem cell loss. Stem Cells 2014;32:717–729
The Demand for Expert Opinion: Bordeaux Wine
Authors: Ashenfelter Orley , Jones Gregory V. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we use unique data from the market for Bordeaux wine to test the hypothesis that consumers are willing to pay for expert opinion because it is accurate. Using proprietary indicators of the quality of the vintage, which are based on both publicly and privately available information, we find that additional publicly available information on the weather improves the expert's predictions of subsequent prices. This establishes that the expert opinions are not efficient, in the sense that they can be easily improved, and that these opinions must be demanded, at least in part, for some purpose other than their accuracy. (JEL Classification: D8, Q13)
Constant-Sign and Nodal Solutions to a Dirichlet Problem with p-Laplacian and Nonlinearity Depending on a Parameter
Authors: Marano Salvatore A. , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA homogeneous Dirichlet problem with p-Laplacian and reaction term depending on a parameter λ > 0 is investigated. At least five solutions—two negative, two positive and one sign-changing (namely, nodal)—are obtained for all λ sufficiently small by chiefly assuming that the involved non-linearity exhibits a concave-convex growth rate. Proofs combine variational methods with truncation techniques.
A description ofNeoechinorhynchus(Neoechinorhynchus)veropesoin. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the intestine of the silver croaker fishPlagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) off the east coast of Brazil
Authors: Melo F.T.V. , Costa P.A.F.B. , Giese E.G. , Gardner S.L. , Santos J.N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPlagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) is considered piscivorous and is a generalist species endemic to the Amazon region. This fish is an important part of the natural ecosystems in which it occurs and provides basic functional components in the food web. The genusNeoechinorhynchusStiles & Hassall, 1905 is distributed worldwide and parasitizes fish and turtles, but there are few reports of parasites of this genus in South America, due to the high diversity of fish that can be found in this region. A new species of thorny-headed worm (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described fromP. squamosissimusfrom Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará, Brazil. In general, the unique characteristics of the hooks on the anterior end of the proboscis and the length-to-width ratio relationship separate this new species from other described species in the genusNeoechinorhynchus. Although the species in this genus are mostly found in North America, the dearth of species known from the neotropics may be due to the lack of studies in this region.
Physical aspects, water movements and modelling studies of the Forth estuary, Scotland
Authors: Webb A. J. , Metcalfe A. P. 
Published: September 2013

SynopsisThe hydrography of the Forth estuary is described, and various modelling studies that have been carried out are briefly summarised. The description of the hydrography includes information on the currents, salinity, temperature, tidal elevations, and turbidity, as well as physical dimensions and freshwater inputs. The vertical salinity structure of the estuary varies from the well-mixed state to the partially-mixed state, depending on the freshwater input and the tidal range (which determines the amount of turbulent kinetic energy available for mixing). The tides in the estuary exhibit double high and low waters because of shallow-water effects, and there are observations of a small tidal bore. The resuspended solids are found to account for a large fraction of the biochemical oxygen demand in the water column. The modelling studies range from an early physical model, to an analytical model of water-quality, to more recent numerical models produced by the Forth River Purification Board and Imperial Chemical Industries, which were developed in order to assess the impact of proposed discharges on water-quality. Finally, currently active projects are described and suggestions for future work given.
A differential game of international pollution control with evolving environmental costs
Authors: Masoudi Nahid , Zaccour Georges 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe consider a two-player differential game of international emissions to represent the interactions between two groups of countries, namely, developed and developing countries. We adopt a broader-than-usual definition of environmental cost for developing countries to account for their evolving involvement in tackling environmental externalities. Cooperative and non-cooperative solutions are characterized and contrasted. We find that it may not be the best course of action to push developing countries to reduce their emissions in the short term, and that cooperation may not create enough dividend, also in the short term, to be implementable.
Eating out is associated with self-reported food poisoning: a Western Australia population perspective, 1998 to 2009
Authors: Pollard Christina M , Meng Xingqiong , Williamson Sophe , Dodds Jim , Binns Colin W 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore factors associated with self-reported food poisoning among Western Australian adults between 1998 and 2009.DesignData were pooled from four Nutrition Monitoring Surveys Series which included information on suspected food poisoning among Western Australian adults. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression analyses were used to describe factors associated with self-reported food poisoning, food safety knowledge and behaviours.SettingPopulation of Western Australia estimated to be 2·5 million in 2009.SubjectsA representative sample of 4494 adults aged between 18 and 64 years.ResultsThere was no significant change in self-reported food poisoning over time, with about 18 % saying they had suspected food poisoning in the last 6 months. Overall, 2·1 % said they had confirmed their food-borne illness with a nurse of doctor. People less than 34 years old, those with a university degree and people who ate meals out on the day prior to the survey (one meal: OR = 1·30, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·62; two meals: OR = 2·21, 95 % CI 1·30, 3·76) were the most likely to report food poisoning. Younger people were also more likely to have their food poisoning confirmed by a health professional. Use of refrigerator thermometers and cool bags for storing food increased significantly between 2004 and 2009.ConclusionsFindings support the inclusion of food safety advice in dietary recommendations. Food safety and handling education and training is recommended for food businesses, particularly the takeaway food sector, and for consumers. Because food poisoning is reported more often by younger people, food safety education should begin during childhood.
Interaction of Language Processing and Motor Skill in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: DiDonato Brumbach Andrea C. , Goffman Lisa 
Published: September 2013

PurposeTo examine how language production interacts with speech motor and gross and fine motor skill in children with specific language impairment (SLI).MethodEleven children with SLI and 12 age-matched peers (4–6 years) produced structurally primed sentences containing particles and prepositions. Utterances were analyzed for errors and for articulatory duration and variability. Standard measures of motor, language, and articulation skill were also obtained.ResultsSentences containing particles, as compared with prepositions, were less likely to be produced in a priming task and were longer in duration, suggesting increased difficulty with this syntactic structure. Children with SLI demonstrated higher articulatory variability and poorer gross and fine motor skills compared with aged-matched controls. Articulatory variability was correlated with generalized gross and fine motor performance.ConclusionsChildren with SLI show co-occurring speech motor and generalized motor deficits. Current theories do not fully account for the present findings, though the procedural deficit hypothesis provides a framework for interpreting overlap among language and motor domains.
Development of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and its biological effects
Authors: Lee Ju-Hee , Mahendran Adaickapillai , Yao Yuanshan , Ngo Lang , Venta-Perez Gisela , Choy Megan L. , Kim Nathaniel , Ham Won-Seok , Breslow Ronald , Marks Paul A. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceWe discovered a hydroxamic acid-based small-moleculeN-hydroxy-4-(2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)(phenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl)benzamide selectively inhibits histone deacetylase 6 catalytic activity in vivo and in vitro.
Does the Jack of All Trades Hold the Winning Hand? Comparing the Role of Specialized versus General Skills in the Returns to an Agricultural Degree
Authors: Artz Georgeanne M. , Kimle Kevin L. , Orazem Peter F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the roles of specialized versus general skills in explaining variation in the returns to an agriculture degree among graduates working both inside and outside the agricultural industry. The focus on returns by sector of employment is motivated by our finding that most agricultural graduates are employed in non‐agricultural jobs. In that study, a sample of alumni graduating from a large Midwestern public university between 1982 and 2006 shows that alumni with majors more specialized in agriculture earned a premium from working in the agriculture industry, but this advantage has diminished over time. Agricultural graduates with more general training earn more outside than inside agriculture. Higher‐ability graduates in more industry‐focused curricula tend to sort into the agricultural industry, while higher‐ability graduates in broader curricula tend to choose jobs outside of agriculture. All graduates are more likely to accept agricultural employment when the farm economy is strong, but agricultural graduates who enter agricultural jobs when the farm economy is weak suffer lifetime earnings reductions. These findings suggest that greater levels of specialization may limit a graduate's ability to adjust to changing economic circumstances. Agriculture degree programs could benefit from curriculum innovations that focus on developing more generalized skills.
Both mutated and unmutated memory B cells accumulate mutations in the course of the secondary response and develop a new antibody repertoire optimally adapted to the secondary stimulus
Authors: Kaji Tomohiro , Furukawa Koji , Ishige Akiko , Toyokura Itsumi , Nomura Masaki , Okada Mariko , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Shimoda Michiko , Takemori Toshitada 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHigh-affinity memory B cells are preferentially selected during secondary responses and rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing cells. However, it remains unknown whether only high-affinity, mutated memory B cells simply expand to dominate the secondary response or if in fact memory B cells with a diverse VH repertoire, including those with no mutations, accumulate somatic mutations to create a new repertoire through the process of affinity maturation. In this report, we took a new approach to address this question by analyzing the VH gene repertoire of IgG1+ memory B cells before and after antigen re-exposure in a host unable to generate IgG+ B cells. We show here that both mutated and unmutated IgG1+ memory B cells respond to secondary challenge and expand while accumulating somatic mutations in their VH genes in a stepwise manner. Both types of memory cells subsequently established a VH gene repertoire dominated by two major clonotypes, which are distinct from the original repertoire before antigen re-exposure. In addition, heavily mutated memory B cells were excluded from the secondary repertoire. Thus, both mutated and unmutated IgG1+ memory cells equally contribute to establish a new antibody repertoire through a dynamic process of mutation and selection, becoming optimally adapted to the recall challenge.
Aerobic fitness
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Welsman Joanne
                R. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2· max), the highest rate at which an individual can consume O2 during exercise, is widely recognized as the best single measure of adults’ aerobic fitness.1,2 Maximal VO2· ultimately limits an individual’s capacity to perform aerobic exercise but it does not describe fully all aspects of aerobic fitness. The transient kinetics of VO2· best reflect the integrated response of the O2 delivery system and the metabolic requirements of the exercising muscle to rapid changes in exercise intensity. Furthermore, VO2· max is not the best index of an individual’s ability to sustain submaximal aerobic exercise and despite its derivation from anaerobic metabolism, measures of blood lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise provide useful indicators of aerobic fitness.
As the assessment of VO2· kinetics is addressed in Chapter 22, in this chapter, we will focus on the assessment of VO2· max and blood lactate accumulation.
Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia Is Independently Associated with Pain in Subjects Suffering from Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: Doufas Anthony G. , Tian Lu , Davies Margaret Frances , Warby Simon C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background:
On the basis of experimental and clinical evidence, the authors hypothesized that nocturnal hypoxemia would be associated with pain reports in subjects suffering from sleep-disordered breathing, independently of sleep fragmentation and inflammation.

Methods:
After obtaining institutional approval and access to the Cleveland Family Study phenotype and genotype data, the authors used proportional odds regression to examine the association between arterial desaturation and four different types of pain, as well as their composite measure, sequentially adjusted for: (1) clinical characteristics and (2) sleep fragmentation and inflammation. The authors also examined the association of selected candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms with pain reports.

Results:
Decreased minimum nocturnal arterial saturation increased the odds for morning headache (adjusted odds ratio per SD = 1.36; 95% CI [1.08–1.71]; P = 0.009), headache disrupting sleep (1.29 [1.10–1.51]; P = 0.002), and chest pain while in bed (1.37 [1.10–1.70]; P = 0.004). A decrease in the minimum nocturnal saturation from 92 to 75% approximately doubled the odds for pain. One single-nucleotide polymorphism for the α 1 chain of collagen type XI (COL11A1–rs1676486) gene was significantly associated with headache disrupting sleep (odds ratio = 1.72 [1.01–2.94]; P = 0.038), pain disrupting sleep (odds ratio = 1.85 [1.04–3.28]; P = 0.018), and pain composite (odds ratio = 1.89 [1.14–3.14]; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Nocturnal arterial desaturation may be associated with an increased pain in subjects with sleep-disordered breathing, independently of sleep fragmentation and inflammation.
The Effective Factors on the Structure of Butter and Other Milk Fat‐Based Products
Authors: Rønholt Stine , Mortensen Kell , Knudsen Jes C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractButter and other milk fat‐based products are valuable products for the dairy industry due to their unique taste, their textural characteristics, and nutritional value. However, an increased consumer demand for low‐fat‐based products increases the need for an increased essential understanding of the effective factors governing the structure of milk fat‐based products. Today, 2 manufacturing techniques are available: the churning method and the emulsification method. The first is typically used for production of butter with a globular structure, which has become increasingly popular to obtain low‐fat‐based products, typically without presence of milk fat globules. The microstructure of milk fat‐based products is strongly related to their structural rheology, hence applications. Structural behavior is not determined by one single parameter, but by the interactions between many. This complexity is reviewed here. Parameters such as thermal treatment of cream prior to butter making, water content, and chemical composition influence not only crystal polymorphism, but also the number and sizes of fat crystals. The number of crystal–crystal interactions formed within the products is related to product hardness. During storage, however, postcrystallization increases the solid fat content and strengthens the fat crystal network. The fat crystal network is strengthened by the formation of more and stronger crystal–crystal interactions due to mechanically interlinking of fat crystals, which occurs during crystal growth. Postcrystallization is directly linked to chemical composition. The initially observed microstructural difference causing different rheological behavior will disappear during storage due to postcrystallization and formation of more crystal–crystal interactions.
Durability of Memokath™ urethral stent for stabilisation of recurrent bulbar urethral strictures – medium‐term results
Authors: Wong Eddy , Tse Vincent , Wong James 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the durability after 3 months deployment of a urethral (Memokath™) stent in conjunction with endoscopic treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral strictures, as repeated endoscopic treatment of urethral strictures can cause worsening of underlying spongiofibrosis.Patients and MethodsProspective series of 22 patients with recurrent bulbar strictures requiring repeat endoscopic treatment were included.The median age was 38 years and the mean stricture length was 2.4 cm. The median number of previous dilatation or direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU) procedures was three with a mean time to stricture recurrence of 2 months.After endoscopic dilatation or DVIU, the urethral (Memokath™) stent was deployed and left situ for 3 months.Re‐stricture rates were examined with uroflowmetry at 3, 6 and 12 months and confirmed with 17‐F cystoscopy at 1 year after stent removal.A telephone survey was conducted at >1‐year follow‐up.ResultsFive of the 22 (22%) patients had stricture recurrence after stent removal.In all, 17/22 (78%) patients remained stricture‐free at a median (range) follow‐up of 23 (9–31) months.Uroflowmetry showed significantly improved flow rates, which were sustained at 12 months after stent removal.On Kaplan–Meier analysis, there was a significant delay (23 vs 2 months) in stricture or symptom recurrence after stent removal.ConclusionThe medium term results of temporary urethral stent placement are encouraging with 78% of patients remaining stricture‐free at a median follow‐up of 23 months.
Fluocinolone acetonide partially restores the mineralization of LPS‐stimulated dental pulp cells through inhibition of NF‐κB pathway and activation of AP‐1 pathway
Authors: Liu Zhongning , Jiang Ting , Wang Xinzhi , Wang Yixiang 
Published: September 2013

Background and PurposeFluocinolone acetonide (FA) is commonly used as a steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. We recently found that in dental pulp cells (DPCs) FA has osteo‐/odonto‐inductive as well as anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism by which FA induces these effects in DPCs is poorly understood.Experimental ApproachThe effect of FA on the mineralization of DPCs during inflammatory conditions and the underlying mechanism were investigated by real‐time PCR, Western blot, EMSA, histochemical staining, immunostaining and pathway blockade assays.Key ResultsFA significantly inhibited the inflammatory response in LPS‐treated DPCs not only by down‐regulating the expression of pro–inflammation‐related genes, but also by up‐regulating the expression of the anti‐inflammatory gene PPAR‐γ and mineralization‐related genes. Moreover, histochemical staining and immunostaining showed that FA could partially restore the expressions of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and mineralization in LPS‐stimulated DPCs. Real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that FA up‐regulated DSPP and runt‐related transcription factor 2 expression by inhibiting the expression of phosphorylated‐NF‐κB P65 and activating activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) (p‐c‐Jun and Fra‐1). These results were further confirmed through EMSA, by detection of NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity and pathway blockade assays using a NF‐κB pathway inhibitor, AP‐1 pathway inhibitor and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist.Conclusions and ImplicationsInflammation induced by LPS suppresses the mineralization process in DPCs. FA partially restored this osteo‐/odonto‐genesis process in LPS‐treated DPCs and had an anti‐inflammatory effect through inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway and activation of the AP‐1 pathway. Hence, FA is a potential new treatment for inflammation‐associated bone/teeth diseases.