bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Inhibition of bovine enamel demineralization by enamel matrix derivative
Authors: Ran Jin Mei , Ieong Cheng Cheng , Xiang Chen Yang , Lv Xue Ping , Xue Jing , Zhou Xue Dong , Li Wei , Zhang Ling Lin 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to determine whether enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) affects the demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro and to assess the agent's anti‐caries potential. Bovine enamel blocks were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 per group), which were treated with distilled water (negative control), NaF (positive control), or Emdogain. All three groups were pH‐cycled 12 times over 6 days. The percentage of surface enamel microhardness reduction (%SMHR), calcium demineralization rate (CDR), surface roughness, lesion depth and mineral loss after demineralization were examined. Surface morphology of specimens was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The Emdogain and positive control groups showed similar surface roughness, lesion depths and mineral loss, which were significantly lower than those in the negative control group. In addition, the enamel surfaces of both the Emdogain and NaF groups showed much narrower intercrystalline spaces than the surfaces of the negative control group, which exhibited extensive microfractures along the crystal edges. %SMHR differed significantly among all three groups, with the smallest value in the Emdogain group and the greatest in the negative control group. These results indicate that enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) can significantly inhibit demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro, suggesting that it has potential as an anti‐caries agent. SCANNING 36:194–201, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamic Properties of Novel Branched Gemini Imidazolium Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions Based on Free Energy Perturbation
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Gu Daming , Liu Guoyu , Ding Wei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe thermodynamics properties of novel branched gemini imidazolium surfactants (BGIS) with different numbers of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic group or hydroxyl numbers of the spacer are studied by the free energy perturbation (FEP) model. In the FEP model, the Gibbs free energy contributions to the driving force for micelle formation are computed using hydration data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The thermodynamic properties of micellization in aqueous solutions for BGIS were discussed according to the pseudo‐phase separation model. The results show that the micellization of BGIS in aqueous solutions is a spontaneous and entropy‐driven process. It is linearly enthalpy‐entropy compensated. The compensation temperature of BGIS was lower for BGIS with hydroxyl group than without it at 297 ± 3 versus 307 ± 3 K. The contribution of entropy change to the micellization tends to decrease, while the contribution of enthalpy change tends to increase. In particular, as the number of hydroxyl groups in spacer is increased, the thermodynamic favorability and stability of the micelles of BGIS with hydroxyl group improve significantly.
Genetic Background and Diet Impact Beef Fatty Acid Composition and Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase mRNA Expression
Authors: Costa Ana S. H. , Silva Marta P. , Alfaia Cristina P. M. , Pires Virgínia M. R. , Fontes Carlos M. G. A. , Bessa Rui J. B. , Prates José A. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe intramuscular fat composition of ruminant meats influences the quality of the final product, which explains the increasing interest in assessing the fatty acid profile of meat from different production systems. In this study, it was hypothesized that there are breed‐ and diet‐induced variations on lipid metabolism in the muscle, which may be, at least partially, modulated by the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression levels. Forty purebred young bulls from two phylogenetically distant autochthonous cattle breeds, Alentejana and Barrosã (n = 20 for each breed), were assigned to two different diets (low vs. high silage) and slaughtered at 18 months of age. Meat fatty acid composition, including the detailed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric profile, was determined along with the SCD mRNA levels. Meat from Barrosã bulls fed the low silage diet was richer in monounsaturated fatty acids, CLA and trans fatty acids, when compared to that from Alentejana bulls. The meat content in polyunsaturated fatty acids was similar across experimental groups. Moderate positive correlations between the SCD mRNA levels and the products of this enzyme activity were found, although they were not reflected on the calculated desaturase indices. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of taking into account the genetic background while devising feeding strategies to manipulate beef fatty acid composition.
Marine vertebrate remains from the Toarcian–Aalenian succession of southern Beaujolais, Rhône, France
Authors: VINCENT PEGGY , MARTIN JEREMY E. , FISCHER VALENTIN , SUAN GUILLAUME , KHALLOUFI BOUZIANE , SUCHÉRAS-MARX BAPTISTE , LÉNA ALEX , JANNEAU KÉVIN , ROUSSELLE BRUNO , RULLEAU LOUIS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA previously undocumented marine vertebrate fauna comprising ichthyosaur, plesiosaur, marine crocodilian and fish remains from the Toarcian–Aalenian succession at Lafarge quarry, southern Beaujolais (Rhône, France) is described on the basis of both historical collections and new discoveries. The taxonomic composition of the Lafarge quarry marine vertebrate assemblage highlights its cosmopolitan nature and strong relationships with taxa known from elsewhere in Europe. Several groups are recorded for the first time in the Toarcian–Aalenian succession of France, implying new palaeobiogeographic interpretations and prompting discussion of marine amniote diversity during this interval.
Towards Post-Liberal Democracy in Latin America? A Conceptual Framework Applied to Bolivia
Authors: WOLFF JONAS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent political changes across Latin America that challenge mainstream conceptions of liberal democracy have led to speculation about some kind of post-liberal democracy possibly emerging in the region. Up to now, however, there has been no systematic assessment of this proposition or any explicit conception of post-liberal democracy. This article fills this research gap by proposing a conceptual framework for analysing political change in the direction of post-liberal democracy, in Latin America and beyond, and probes the plausibility of this framework in a case study of Bolivia. It shows that the concept of post-liberal democracy helps us make sense of the contemporary transformation of Bolivian democracy and that it has comparative advantages over alternative conceptual frameworks such as radical populism and defective – that is, illiberal or delegative – democracy.
Two, Three, Many Revolutions? Cuba and the Prospects for Revolutionary Change in Latin America, 1967–1975
Authors: HARMER TANYA 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDrawing on interviews, published sources and archival documents, this article examines Cuba's policy towards Latin America after Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara's death. It argues that as a result of this event and other setbacks in the region, Cuba reconceptualised its priorities, de-emphasised armed revolution and embraced new revolutionary processes. The results were mixed. By the mid-1970s, Havana was more disillusioned about revolutionary prospects in Latin America than ever before. However, it had also rejoined the inter-American system after more than a decade of isolation. This article asks how, why and with what consequences for Fidel Castro's stated pledge to ‘make revolution’ these shifts in Cuba's Latin American relations took place.
Identification of high-risk regions for schistosomiasis in the Guichi region of China: an adaptive kernel density estimation-based approach
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-JIE , DAVIES TILMAN M. , GAO JIE , WANG ZENGLIANG , JIANG QING-WU 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIdentification of high-risk regions of schistosomiasis is important for rational resource allocation and effective control strategies. We conducted the first study to apply the newly developed method of adaptive kernel density estimation (KDE)-based spatial relative risk function (sRRF) to detect the high-risk regions of schistosomiasis in the Guichi region of China and compared it with the fixed KDE-based sRRF. We found that the adaptive KDE-based sRRF had a better ability to depict the heterogeneity of risk regions, but was more sensitive to altering the user-defined smoothing parameters. Specifically, the impact of bandwidths on the estimated risk value and risk significance (Pvalue) was higher for the adaptive KDE-based sRRF, but lower on the estimated risk variation standard error (s.e.) compared with the fixed KDE-based sRRF. Based on this application the adaptive and fixed KDE-based sRRF have their respective advantages and disadvantages and the joint application of the two approaches can warrant the best possible identification of high-risk subregions of diseases.
Trajectories of symptom dimensions in short-term response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis
Authors: Pelayo-Terán J. M. , Diaz F. J. , Pérez-Iglesias R. , Suárez-Pinilla P. , Tabarés-Seisdedos R. , de León J. , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundTrajectory patterns of positive, disorganized and negative dimension symptoms during antipsychotic treatment in drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis have yet to be examined by using naturalistic data.MethodThis pragmatic clinical trial randomized 161 drug-naive patients with a first episode of psychosis to olanzapine, risperidone or haloperidol. Patients were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Positive Symptoms (SAPS) at baseline and at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of antipsychotic treatment. Censored normal models of response trajectories were developed with three dimensions of the SAPS-SANS scores (positive, disorganized and negative) in order to identify the different response trajectories. Diagnosis, cannabis use, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), smoking and antipsychotic class were examined as possible predictive variables.ResultsPatients were classified in five groups according to the positive dimension, three groups according to the disorganized dimension and five groups according to the negative dimension. Longer DUPs and cannabis use were associated with higher scores and poorer responses in the positive dimension. Cannabis use was associated with higher scores and poorer responses in the disorganized dimension. Only schizophrenia diagnosis was associated with higher scores and poorer responses in the negative dimension.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the heterogeneity of short-term response to antipsychotics in patients with a first episode of psychosis and highlight markedly different patterns of response in the positive, disorganized and negative dimensions. DUP, cannabis use and diagnosis appeared to have a prognostic value in predicting treatment response with different implications for each dimension.
Catheter interventions for “double steal” from isolation of the subclavian artery associated with patent arterial duct
Authors: Koneti Nageswara R. , Qureshi Shakeel A. , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIsolation of the subclavian artery is associated with “steal” of blood from the carotid circulation to the arm, through the circle of Willis and the vertebral artery. When associated with a patent arterial duct, there is an additional “steal” of blood from the arm to the lungs, through the arterial duct because of the lower pulmonary vascular resistance. When this combination manifests clinically with arm ischaemia on the side of the isolated subclavian artery, closure of the arterial duct will prevent the “steal” of blood from the subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery and may improve the blood flow to the arm. We report three patients with this unusual combination of the “steal” phenomenon that improved after interventional closure of the arterial duct. This report discusses the embryological basis of the defect, clinical and echocardiographic clues to diagnose this unusual anomaly, angiographic findings, and transcatheter management options.
Risk factors for low vitamin D status in Korean adolescents: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009
Authors: Lee Young Ah , Kim Hwa Young , Hong Hyunsook , Kim Ji Young , Kwon Hyun Jin , Shin Choong Ho , Yang Sei Won 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and predictors for low vitamin D status in Korean adolescents living between latitudes 33° and 39°N.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingKorea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2009.SubjectsA total of 1510 healthy adolescents aged 12–18 years (806 male, mean age 14·7 years) participated. Possible predictors for low vitamin D status (log-transformed 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations) were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D<20 ng/ml) was 89·1 % in spring, 53·7 % in summer, 63·9 % in autumn and 90·5 % in winter. Winter season, older age, higher education level reached, being female, being obese, a lack of vitamin D supplementation, lower milk consumption (0–<200 ml/d) and a lack of physical activity were unadjusted predictors (all P < 0·05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that winter season (P < 0·001), higher education level (P < 0·001) and a lack of vitamin D supplementation (P = 0·012) were independent predictors for low vitamin D status. The modifying effect of season on the association between vitamin D supplement use and vitamin D status was significant (P < 0·001).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in Korean adolescents, especially those in higher school grades. Vitamin D supplementation may contribute to maintain a better vitamin D status with lower seasonal variation. Further studies are required to determine optimal vitamin D intakes to maintain sufficient vitamin D status for Korean adolescents.
Loss in microbial diversity affects nitrogen cycling in soil
Authors: Philippot Laurent , Spor Aymé , Hénault Catherine , Bru David , Bizouard Florian , Jones Christopher M , Sarr Amadou , Maron Pierre-Alain 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. However, the importance of microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning is still debated. Here, we experimentally manipulated the soil microbial community using a dilution approach to analyze the functional consequences of diversity loss. A trait-centered approach was embraced using the denitrifiers as model guild due to their role in nitrogen cycling, a major ecosystem service. How various diversity metrics related to richness, eveness and phylogenetic diversity of the soil denitrifier community were affected by the removal experiment was assessed by 454 sequencing. As expected, the diversity metrics indicated a decrease in diversity in the 1/103 and 1/105 dilution treatments compared with the undiluted one. However, the extent of dilution and the corresponding reduction in diversity were not commensurate, as a dilution of five orders of magnitude resulted in a 75% decrease in estimated richness. This reduction in denitrifier diversity resulted in a significantly lower potential denitrification activity in soil of up to 4–5 folds. Addition of wheat residues significantly increased differences in potential denitrification between diversity levels, indicating that the resource level can influence the shape of the microbial diversity–functioning relationship. This study shows that microbial diversity loss can alter terrestrial ecosystem processes, which suggests that the importance of functional redundancy in soil microbial communities has been overstated.
ADAM12 is expressed in the tumour vasculature and mediates ectodomain shedding of several membrane-anchored endothelial proteins
Authors: Fröhlich Camilla , Klitgaard Marie , Noer Julie B. , Kotzsch Alexander , Nehammer Camilla , Kronqvist Pauliina , Berthelsen Jens , Blobel Carl , Kveiborg Marie , Albrechtsen Reidar , Wewer Ulla M. 
Published: March 2013

ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) 12 is a metalloprotease implicated in cancer progression. ADAM12 can activate membrane-anchored proteins, such as sonic hedgehog, Delta-like 1 and certain epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, through a process called ectodomain shedding. We screened several membrane-anchored proteins to further dissect the substrate profile of ADAM12-mediated ectodomain shedding, and found shedding of five previously unreported substrates [Kitl1, VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), Flk-1 (fetal liver kinase 1), Tie-2, and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1)], of which the latter four are specifically expressed by endothelial cells. We also observed that ADAM12 expression was increased in the tumour vasculature of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the human breast as compared with little to no expression in normal breast tissue vasculature, suggesting a role for ADAM12 in tumour vessels. These results prompted us to further evaluate ADAM12-mediated shedding of two endothelial cell proteins, VE-cadherin and Tie-2. Endogenous ADAM12 expression was very low in cultured endothelial cells, but was significantly increased by cytokine stimulation. In parallel, the shed form of VE-cadherin was elevated in such cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, and ADAM12 siRNA (small interfering RNA) knockdown reduced cytokine-induced shedding of VE-cadherin. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate a role for ADAM12 in ectodomain shedding of several membrane-anchored endothelial proteins. We speculate that this process may have importance in tumour neovascularization or/and tumour cell extravasation.
You Get What You Pay For? Self-Construal Influences Price-Quality Judgments
Authors: Lalwani Ashok K. , Shavitt Sharon 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
How does cultural self-construal influence consumers' tendency to use price to judge quality? Seven experiments designed to address this question revealed that people with a more interdependent (vs. independent) cultural self-construal—operationalized by ethnicity, nationality, measured self-construal, or manipulated salient self-construal—have a greater tendency to use price information to judge quality. This difference arises because interdependents tend to be holistic (vs. analytic) thinkers who are more likely to perceive interrelations between the elements of a product. These effects were observed regardless of whether the price-quality relation was assessed with a standard self-report scale or via actual product judgments, and whether thinking style was measured or manipulated. However, cultural differences only emerged in situations that afforded interdependents (vs. independents) a relational processing advantage. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the effects and identify novel boundary conditions for the influence of self-construal and thinking style on consumer judgments.
Development of a Novel Staining Procedure for Visualizing the Gluten–Starch Matrix in Bread Dough and Cereal Products
Authors: Maeda Tatsuro , Kokawa Mito , Miura Makoto , Araki Tetsuya , Yamada Masaharu , Takeya Kōji , Sagara Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA novel staining procedure has been developed to visualize the gluten– starch matrix in wheat flour dough. Dough samples mixed to the final stage were stained with 26 fluorescent reagents, and each stained sample was observed with three sets of fluorescence filters (blue, green, and red). Of all the combinations of reagents and filters, the combination of acid magenta and the blue fluorescent filter set was the most effective in distinguishing starch granules from gluten network structure. Its effectiveness was further demonstrated with gluten and starch granule samples, in which the contrast was clearer when observed with the blue fluorescent filter set than without any fluorescent filter. Visualizing the gluten–starch matrix in dough samples at four mixing stages with the same procedure resulted in clear identification of the changes in gluten network structure because of the differences in mixing stages. The same procedure also enabled us to distinguish starch from gluten in white salted noodles, baked cookies, and flour particles. The proposed procedure is quicker, simpler, and has a lower risk of altering the sample than other conventional ones, and it is expected to become a useful tool in cereal studies.
First Report of Fusarium sambucinum Associated on Pinus elliottii Seeds in Brazil
Authors: Maciel C. G. , Muniz M. F. B. , Milanesi P. M. , Lazarotto M. , Blume E. , Harakawa R. , Reiniger L. R. S. , Hamann F. A. 
Published: March 2013

An elevated incidence of the fungal genus Fusarium was ascertained during a health quality analysis of a batch of Pinus elliottii Englm. seeds obtained from the Florestas Institute for Agricultural and Forest Research (Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária [FEPAGRO] Florestas) in Santa Maria (29° 39′ 55″ S and 53° 54′ 45″ W), state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This genus comprised about 75% of all fungal genera observed in a blotter test. The fungus was then isolated and purified to perform pathogenicity tests. Healthy seeds of P. elliottii were inoculated by contact with fungal mycelium for 48 h (3). Forty-two days after inoculation, a reduction was observed in the germination potential of the seeds; however, those seeds that germinated developed normally until, as seedlings, they suffered damping-off. Fusarium was isolated from the affected vegetal material by transferring mycelium tips to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium in petri dishes in order to morphologically identify the species. After 72 h, a tan mycelial pad 5.5 cm in diameter had formed. After transfer to carnation leaf agar (CLA), pale orange sporodochia that formed macroconidia could be observed. The macronidia were relatively short and narrow (40.2 × 4.7 μm), each containing a mean of 5 septa; the apical cell was pointed, while the basal one was foot-shaped (2,4). The chlamydospores formed in clusters, while the conidiogenous cells could be seen on top of monophialides. Primer pairs ITS1 and ITS4, EF1-T and EF1-567R, and βtub-F and βtub were employed to amplify the three regions ITS1.8S ITS2, elongation factor – 1α (TEF 1-α), and β-tubulin, respectively. The sequences of these three regions showed 97, 95, and 99% of similarity with Fusarium sambucinum Fückel, respectively. The pathogen was reinoculated on P. elliottii seeds in order to complete Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity test was repeated with the same conditions described before and the results were confirmed. No occurrence of damping-off was observed in the control seedlings. The inoculated seedlings showed, besides damping-off, a visible reduction in root system expansion as well as reductions in fresh and dry tissue weight. F. sambucinum has already been reported on P. radiata D. Don in New Zealand, causing root rot and dieback (1); however, in Brazil, the present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to report the association of this pathogen with P. elliottii. References: (1) M. A. Dick and K. Dobbie. N. Z. Plant Prot. 55:58, 2002. (2) W. Gerlach and H. Nirenberg. The Genus Fusarium – A Pictorial Atlas. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land – und. Forstwirtschaft, Berlin, 1982. (3) M. Lazarotto et al. Summa Phytopathol. 36:134, 2010. (4) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, 1st ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.