bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Obesity and Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Palle Ajay Reddy , Reddy CM Sanjeeva Kumar , Shankar B Shiva , Gelli Vemsi , Sudhakar Jaradoddi , Reddy K Krishna Mohana 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Chronic periodontitis is multifactorial and numerous risk factors have been identified to contribute in the disease progression. Current study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study in a population of patients with cardiovascular diseases in order to correlate the association between obesity [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)] and periodontal disease parameters.

Materials and methods
The study was of a cross-sectional design and a total of 201 patients were examined after obtaining their informed consent. Subjects who had a history of cardiovascular diseases and under treatment were included in the study. Two indicators of obesity were used: BMI and WC. The following periodontal parameters were assessed: Probing depth, clinical attachment level. The oral hygiene status of the subjects was assessed by the oral hygiene index (OHI, simplified) given by John C Greene and Jack R Vermillion. The influence of the BMI and other confounding variables on periodontitis severity was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results
Significant association was seen with low density lipoproteins (LDL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), triglyceride levels (TGL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant association was seen with smoking and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), WC and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for several conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. In our study the relation between measures of overall and abdominal obesity (BMI and WC) and periodontal disease showed significant association in the multivariate logistic regression analysis independent of other confounding factors.

Clinical significance
Obesity can act as a significant risk factor in progression of periodontitis.

How to cite this article
Palle AR, Reddy CMSK, Shankar BS, Gelli V, Sudhakar J, Reddy KKM. Association between Obesity and Chronic Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):168-173.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in a Group of Iranian Dependent Elderly Complete Denture Wearers
Authors: Atashrazm Parsa , Sadri Donia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Oral mucosal lesions are frequently observed in institutionalized elderly patients more than other age groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epulis fissuratum and denture stomatitis and their associated causes in dependent elderly complete denture wearers.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted in dependent elderly complete denture's wearers living in four randomly selected nursing homes located in Tehran. Associated factors such as gender, age, use of medication, site of nursing home, denture quality and denture-wearing habit were studied.

Results
Overall, 674 patients were examined; 201 had complete denture. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 36%. There was significant relationship among the prevalence of denture stomatitis with gender and denture wearing period (p < 0.05). The prevalence of epulis fissuratum was 16.4%. There was significant relationship among the prevalence of epulis fissuratum with gender, denture quality and denture wearing habit (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In this particular dependent age group, the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions is high and the mentioned associated factors should be noticed.

Clinical significance
Dependent elderly complete denture wearers need more support and motivation for reducing the prevalence of these particular denture-associated oral mucosal lesions.

How to cite this article
Atashrazm P, Sadri D. Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in a Group of Iranian Dependent Elderly Complete Denture Wearers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):174-178.
Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Raghava K Vijay , Shivananda H , Mundinamane Darshan , Boloor Vinita , Thomas Biju 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Bacterial infections are common complicating findings in course of liver cirrhosis, most of them being Gram-negative. Similarly periodontal pathogens are also mostly Gram-negative bacteria hence the objective was to evaluate the periodontal status in alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients and to compare the periodontal status of alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients in: a. Smokers with periodontitis and b. Nonsmokers with periodontitis.

Materials and methods
A total of 150 patients made up the sample of this study. The sample size was divided into four groups. The first two groups comprised of 50 patients each comprising of patients with periodontitis who were nonsmokers and patients with periodontitis who were smokers respectively and the next two groups comprised of 25 patients each, which included patients diagnosed as suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis who are nonsmokers and patients diagnosed as suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis who are smokers. Screening examination included a proper medical history, dental history and Russell's periodontal index was done to evaluate and compare the periodontal status among the selected groups.

Results
The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA Fisher's F-test. Multiple group comparisons were made using the Tukey's HSD test.

Conclusion
Conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients demonstrated greater alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal destruction. 2. There is very high statistically significant difference on periodontal destruction in alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients (with or without smokers) when compared to the control group.

Clinical significance
Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections associated with a bacterial load or insult to the host that elicits a strong inflammatory response cumulating to produce significant pathologic alterations in the systemic status of the host. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients as a consequence of liver dysfunction have elevated levels of serum cytokines. These are involved in the destructive process of periodontal disease probably through enhancement of collagenase and metalloproteinase activity. Hence, a study has been planned to evaluate periodontal status in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

How to cite this article
Raghava KV, Shivananda H, Mundinamane D, Boloor V, Thomas B. Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):179-182.
Removal Efficiency of Calcium Hydroxide Dressing from the Root Canal without Chemically Active Adjuvant
Authors: Maalouf Lara , Naaman Alfred 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
Compare the efficiency in removing two calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] preparations from root canal and apical third using single use syringe, ultrasonics and RinsEndo® with saline solution.

Materials and methods
One hundred and eighty human singlerooted teeth were instrumented using ProTaper® rotary system, divided into two groups according to Ca(OH)2 filling. A: Powder mixed with water, B: Pulpdent®. Each group was divided into three subgroups for the irrigation: A1, B1: Single use syringe; A2, B2: Ultrasonics; A3, B3: RinsEndo®.
Teeth were split longitudinally, photographed and imported into Adobe Photoshop. The percentage ratios of Ca(OH)2 remaining in the canal and in the apical third were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using ‘ANOVA two-way’ and ‘univariate tests’.

Results
(a) Remnants of medicament were found in all teeth, (b) no statistically significant difference in the elimination of both Ca(OH)2 from the entire canal (p = 0.436), however, mixed powder was better eliminated from the apical third (p = 0.005), (c) no statistically significant difference among the irrigation techniques in the whole canal (p = 0.608), though, RinsEndo® and ultrasonics were the most effective in cleaning the apical third (p = 0.032) when mixed powder was used.

Conclusion
None of the techniques removed completely Ca(OH)2 from the canal. In the apical third, RinsEndo® and ultrasonics were the most effective when mixed powder was used.

Clinical significance
Ca(OH)2, the most commonly used intracanal dressing, should be completely eliminated before the obturation to assure a good endodontic sealing. Based on the results of this study, RinsEndo® and ultrasonics were the most effective in removal of Ca(OH)2 especially the powder mixed with water presentation.

How to cite this article
Maalouf L, Zogheib C, Naaman A. Removal Efficiency of Calcium Hydroxide Dressing from the Root Canal without Chemically Active Adjuvant. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):188-192.
Evaluation of Relative Efficacy of β-Tricalcium Phosphate with and without Type I Resorbable Collagen Membrane in Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Padma R , Kishore D Trinath , Bandiwadekar Tushar , Debunath Surangama , LNU Profulla , Reddy Ajay 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives
To compare clinically and radiographically, the regenerative potential of a β-tricalcium phosphate bone graft, Cerasorb® with and without a bioresorbable type I collagen membrane, BioMend ExtendTM, in treating periodontal infrabony osseous defects.

Materials and methods
A total of 20 sites from 10 patients showing bilateral infrabony defects were selected and selected sites were randomly divided into experimental site A (Cerasorb®) and experimental site B (Cerasorb® and BioMend ExtendTM) by using split mouth design. The clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 9 months. Radiographic evaluation (Linear CADIA) at 6 and 9 months; and intrasurgical measurements at baseline and 9 months were carried out to evaluate the defect fill, change in alveolar crest height and defect resolution.

Results
Significant reduction in all clinical parameters was observed in both the groups. On comparison no statistical significance was observed between the two groups. Radiographically, in site A there was significant defect fill of 78.4 and 97.2% at 6 and 9 months respectively. Whereas in site B reduction was 78.4 and 97.2% at 6 and 9 months respectively. After surgical re-entry, there was significant defect fill of 89.2 and 74% in both groups.

Interpretation and conclusion
Individually both the graft and membrane have shown promising results in the management of periodontal intrabony defects. But the added benefit by combining Cerasorb® with BioMend ExtendTM was not observed statistically in both clinical radiographic findings.

How to cite this article
Kishore DT, Bandiwadekar T, Padma R, Debunath S, Profulla, Reddy A. Evaluation of Relative Efficacy of β-Tricalcium Phosphate with and without Type I Resorbable Collagen Membrane in Periodontal Infrabony Defects: A Clinical and Radiographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 193-201.
Cephalometric Assessment of Effect of Head Rotation toward Focal Spot on Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs
Authors: Naresh V , Shamnur Naveen , Lokesh NK , Pratapvarma KVV , Srikrishna C , Chakravarthy V Goutham 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The patient's head can be slightly rotated sagittally vertically or transversely with the head holding device. Because of such improper positions due to head rotation, an error can occur in cephalometric measurements. The purpose of this study was to identify the projection errors of lateral cephalometric radiograph due to head rotation in the vertical Z-axis toward the focal spot.

Materials and methods
Ten human dry skulls with permanent dentition were collected. Each dry skull was rotated from 0° to +20° at 5° intervals. A vertical axis, the Z-axis, was used as a rotational axis to have 50 lateral cephalometric radiographs exposed. Four linear (S-N, Go-Me, N-Me, S-Go) and six angular measurements (SNA, SNB, N-S-Ar, S-Ar-Go, Ar-Go-Me, ABmandibular plane angle) were calculated manually.

Results
The findings were that: (1) Angular measurements have fewer projection errors than linear measurements. (2) The greater the number of landmarks on the midsagittal plane that are included in angular measurements, the fewer the projection errors occurring. (3) Horizontal linear measurements have more projection errors than vertical linear measurements.

Conclusion
The angular measurements of lateral cephalometric radiographs are more useful than linear measurements in minimizing the projection errors associated with head rotation on a vertical axis toward the focal spot.

How to cite this article
Naresh V, Lokesh NK, Pratapvarma KVV, Srikrishna C, Chakravarthy VG, Shamnur N. Cephalometric Assessment of Effect of Head Rotation toward Focal Spot on Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):202-207.
Use of Clinical Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide in Esthetic Improvement of Fluorotic Human Incisors in vivo
Authors: Shanbhag Raghavendra , Veena R , Nanjannawar Girish , Patil Jaykumar , Hugar Santosh , Vagrali Hemanth 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate esthetic improvement with the use of 35% hydrogen peroxide clinical bleaching as related to the different grades of enamel fluorosis in vivo and to study adverse effect of clinical bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide on teeth and gingiva.

Materials and methods
A total of 60 children of different grades of fluorosis were included in the study. With 35% hydrogen peroxide-based dual activated bleaching system, in-office vital teeth bleaching was carried out for each subject. Clinical evaluation for improvement in esthetics, effect on teeth and gingiva were performed for each child during preoperative, immediate postoperative and later 6 months postoperative period. For evaluation and comparison, all the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
Although in all the subjects, partial shade relapse was seen over a period of time, good homogeneous and esthetic results were seen in very mild and mild cases. A total of 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching has no adverse effect on teeth and gingiva.

Conclusion
Comparing all the three groups who participated in the study, 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching seems to be very effective in very mild and mild forms of fluorosis.

Clinical significance
In very mild and mild forms of fluorosis, in-office vital tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide is the most conservative and effective approach in esthetic improvement.

How to cite this article
Shanbhag R, Veena R, Nanjannawar G, Patil J, Hugar S, Vagrali H. Use of Clinical Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide in Esthetic Improvement of Fluorotic Human Incisors in vivo. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2): 208-216.
Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Gingival Displacement Materials on Gingival Sulcus Width
Authors: Prasanna GS Renuka , Reddy Kesava , Kumar RK Naveen , Shivaprakash S 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The purpose of the present in vivo study was to measure the efficacy of different gingival displacement materials in achieving gingival tissue displacement and to compare the efficacy of Expasyl displacement paste (Pierre Rolland, France) and gingival displacement cord for gingival displacement.

Materials and methods
Sixteen subjects were included in the study. Premolars were prepared to receive full veneer crown, gingival displacement was carried using gingival retraction cord and gingival displacement paste. Impression of the gingival sulcus was made. Sulcus width after displacement was measured under magnification.

Results
The mean displacement value of sulcus width was 0.21 ± 0.01 mm for the gingival retraction cord and 0.26 ± 0.02 mm for the gingival displacement paste. ‘F’ test was used for statistical analysis. Difference among the two test agents was statistically significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Gingival displacement paste showed better response in achieving horizontal displacement of the gingival sulcus than gingival retraction cord.

Clinical significance
Gingival displacement helps in recording the unprepared tooth surface adjacent to the finish line in the impression being made, thereby helping a better marginal adaptation and emergence profile in the extracoronal restoration.

How to cite this article
Prasanna GSR, Reddy K, Kumar RKN, Shivaprakash S. Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Gingival Displacement Materials on Gingival Sulcus Width. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):217-221.
Efficacy of Locking Plates/Screw System in Mandibular Fracture Surgery
Authors: Nayak Sunil S , Pushpalatha C , Tammanavar Praveen S , Naduwinmani Sanjay L , Mohan Muralee 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of locking plates and screw system in the treatment of mandibular fracture surgery, by comparing them with the conventional system.

Patients and methods
A protocol for selection of patients with mandibular fractures was developed. One hundred patients were treated by locking plates and screw system and another 100 patients were treated with the conventional system. The patients were prospectively evaluated for the duration of surgery, difficulties encountered during surgery, neurologic changes, postsurgical occlusal relationship, adequacy of reduction and postsurgical complications. Data were compared for statistical significance with Chi-square test and Z-test.

Results
There was statistically significant difference in postoperative infection, postoperative occlusal discrepancy, postoperative plate fracture and postoperative screw loosening and mobility of the fractured fragments and also the working time between the two systems.

Conclusion
The results of the present study are comparable with other published data and support the notion that the locking miniplate system is a valid alternative to conventional miniplates with several advantages, the only drawback being the additional working time required during adaptation of this hardware.

How to cite this article
Nayak SS, Pushpalatha C, Tammanavar PS, Naduwinmani SL, Mohan M. Efficacy of Locking Plates/ Screw System in Mandibular Fracture Surgery. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):222-226.
Observer Strategy and Radiographic Classification of Healing after Grafting of Cystic Defects in Maxilla: A Radiological Appraisal
Authors: Bajantai Nivedita V , Sriram Sanjay Krishna , Sriram Roopa Rani , Rao VK Prabhakar , Desai Priti D 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe aim is to radiographically quantify the bone density and relate the same with observer strategy in the bone healing.ObjectivesTo assess pattern of bone regeneration following grafting of defects with hydroxyapatite after apicoectomy/cystic enucleation.Materials and methodsAn observer strategy involving trained and experienced examiners used in large series of cases, evaluated radiographically over a period of 1 year with intervals. The cases were grouped into different categories depending on (1) surgical site outline merging with material margin, (2) internal portion of surgical site (i.e. bone formation characteristics) and (3) density of surgical site. The radiographs examined by blind process and the findings were tabulated. Operating surgeon (oral surgeon) has done the interpretation of data to create observer strategy of grafting cases.Observations and resultsThe outline of the defect was changed, partly reduced and completely absent along with remodeling, which showed ground glass, specular or trabecular pattern of bone over a time with increasing density correlating bone regeneration within a short duration. The applied strategy and classification are recommended for follow-up studies. In this study the characteristics of the new bone formation were also delineated. This strategy is helpful for follow-up studies; implant procedures and so; to know quality and condition of bone after treatment.How to cite this articleKattimani VS, Bajantai NV, Sriram SK, Sriram RR, Rao VKP, Desai PD. Observer Strategy and Radiographic Classification of Healing after Grafting of Cystic Defects in Maxilla: A Radiological Appraisal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):227-232.
Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinicobiochemical Study
Authors: Patil Veena A , Desai Manthan H 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods
A total of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) were included in the study with 20 subjects in each of the groups classified based on community periodontal index (CPI) scores: I: Healthy, II: Gingivitis, III: Mild periodontitis. Periodontal therapy was performed on groups II and III patients. Venous blood was collected from each subject at baseline and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The collected sample was subjected to biochemical analysis to detect CRP levels by using immunoturbidimetric method.

Results
The present study demonstrated that the periodontitis group had a higher mean CRP levels (2.49 ± 0.47 ng/ml) as compared to the gingivitis group (1.40 ± 0.32 ng/ml) and healthy group (0.56 ± 0.20 ng/ml). The mean CRP values after periodontal therapy were found to be reduced to 0.44 ± 0.23 ng/ml in group II and 1.30 ± 0.36 ng/ml in group III patients.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CRP level progressively increases from periodontal health to disease. A decrease in CRP levels with periodontal treatment was also observed.

Clinical significance
Due to its opsonizing abilities CRP plays an important role in the innate host defence. It can be hypothesized that CRP is a potential biomarker of periodontal disease. A number of studies have reported elevated serum CRP levels in periodontitis subjects. Long standing periodontal disease and raised CRP levels enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular accidents and preterm low birth weight infants. There is also evidence that effective periodontal therapy can lower serum CRP levels. However, the data of interventional studies on CRP in gingivitis and periodontitis is scarce.

How to cite this article
Patil VA, Desai MH. Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients with Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinicobiochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):233-237.