bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Depolarization in the High‐Temperature Ternary Piezoelectric System xPbTiO3–yBiScO3–zBi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3
Authors: Ansell Troy Y. , Cann David P. , Sapper Eva , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

In the high‐temperature ternary perovskite piezoelectric system xPbTiO3–yBiScO3–zBi(Ni1/2,Ti1/2)O3 (PT–BS–BNiT), the addition of bismuth to the A site and nickel to the B site leads to compositions that exhibit diffuse relaxor‐like behavior. For these, depolarization temperature, not Curie point, is the critical value of temperature. Depolarization temperature (Td) is defined as the temperature at which the steepest loss in polarization occurs. This temperature is observed in poled materials through two different methods: loss tangent measurements and in situ d33. Across the ternary system, multiple dielectric anomalies occurred which was observed in dielectric tests where the dielectric peak broadens and becomes frequency dependent as BNiT content increased. For different compositions, the value of Td ranged between 275°C–375°C. Values for the piezoelectric coefficient increased with temperature up to d33 = 1000 pC/N during in situ d33. High temperature (up to 190°C) and high field (up to 40 kV/cm) were also applied to test ferroelectric properties in these regimes.
Oxidation Behavior of ZrB2–SiC Composites at Low Pressures
Authors: Tu Rong , Sun Qingyun , Zhang Song , Han Mingxu , Li Qizhong , Hirayama Hidenori , Zhang Lianmeng , Goto Takashi 
Published: October 2014

ZrB2‐60 mol%SiC composite with a eutectic microstructure was oxidized at 1573 to 1873 K with reduced total pressures (Ptot) and low oxygen partial pressures (). The mass change was continuously measured by a thermobalance, and then fit with a multiple paralinear model. Oxidation scale of SiO2/ZrO2+SiO2/ZrO2/ZrB2 was formed at > 0.13 kPa, whereas only porous ZrO2 remained at < 0.13 kPa, Ptot < 1.33 kPa and higher than 1773 K. With increasing , the parabolic oxidation constant decreased, whereas the linear oxidation constant increased.
A test of the design of a video tutorial for software training
Authors: van der Meij J. , van der Meij H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effectiveness of a video tutorial versus a paper‐based tutorial for software training has yet to be established. Mixed outcomes from the empirical studies to date suggest that for a video tutorial to outperform its paper‐based counterpart, the former should be crafted so that it addresses the strengths of both designs. This was attempted in the present study. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to examine the effect of tutorial type (video vs. paper based) on task relevance, self‐efficacy, mood, flow and task performance. Participants were students from junior high school. Both studies reported significant, positive contributions of the tutorials to task relevance, self‐efficacy, mood and flow. Both studies also found significant and substantial effects on task performance. A learning gain of about 30% was achieved in both studies. A retention task, completed only in Study 2, further revealed that the learning effect was stable. More importantly, performance on this task also indicated a significant interaction with tutorial type, favouring the video. The success of the video tutorial is ascribed to its design, which attended to and even incorporated key qualities of paper‐based tutorials, while also capitalizing on the strengths of video.
Morphological changes of the peripheral nerves evaluated by high‐resolution ultrasonography are associated with the severity of diabetic neuropathy, but not corneal nerve fiber pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ishibashi Fukashi , Taniguchi Miki , Kojima Rie , Kawasaki Asami , Kosaka Aiko , Uetake Harumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the morphological changes of the median and posterior tibial nerve using high‐resolution ultrasonography, and the corneal C fiber pathology by corneal confocal microscopy in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsThe cross‐sectional area, hypoechoic area and maximum thickness of the nerve fascicle of both nerves were measured by high‐resolution ultrasonography in 200 type 2 diabetic patients, stratified by the severity of diabetic neuropathy, and in 40 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. These parameters were associated with corneal C fiber pathology visualized by corneal confocal microscopy, neurophysiological tests and severity of diabetic neuropathy.ResultsThe cross‐sectional area, hypoechoic area and maximum thickness of the nerve fascicle of both nerves in patients without diabetic neuropathy were larger than those in control subjects (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), and further increased relative to the severity of neuropathy (P < 0.0001). All morphological changes of both nerves were negatively associated with motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (P = 0.01 to P < 0.0001), and directly associated with 2,000‐Hz current perception threshold (P = 0.009 to P < 0.001). The significant corneal C fiber pathology occurred before developing the neuropathy, and deteriorated only in patients with the most severe neuropathy. The association between the morphological changes of both nerves and corneal C fiber pathology was poor.ConclusionsThe morphological changes in peripheral nerves of type 2 diabetic patients were found before the onset of neuropathy, and were closely correlated with the severity of diabetic neuropathy, but not with corneal C fiber pathology.
Spectophotometric intracutaneous analysis: an investigation on photodamaged skin of immunocompromised patients
Authors: Stimpfle D.W. , Serra A.L. , Wüthrich R.P. , French L.E. , Braun R.P. , Hofbauer G.F.L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundSIAscopy (Spectrophotometric Intracutaneous Analysis) enables non‐invasive analysis of the skin.ObjectiveWe wanted to determine whether SIAscopy is able to detect and differentiate the skin chromophores melanin, collagen and haemoglobin and the influence of immunosuppressive drugs and other known risk factors for non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).MethodsVolunteers and patients were measured by SIAscopy at six spots on sun‐exposed and two spots on sun‐protected skin. Measurements were transformed by SIAmetrics into arbitrary units and statistically analysed.ResultsMelanin was shown to be higher with age (+1.73759 a.u.; P < 0.0001), sun exposure (+47.03998 a.u.; P < 0.0001), immunosuppression (+10.48526 a.u.; P < 0.0001) and lower in males (−26.50952 a.u.; P < 0.0001). Collagen was lower with increasing age (−0.29162 a.u.; P < 0.0001) and sun exposure (−6.85586 a.u.; P < 0.0001) but higher with male sex (+8.34251 a.u.; P < 0.0001) and immunosuppression (+5.79171 a.u.; P = 0.0001). Haemoglobin was lower with increasing age (−0.23833 a.u.; P = 0.0005), but higher with male sex (+18.51976 a.u.; P < 0.0001) and sun exposure (+13.74523 a.u.; P < 0.0001). Haemoglobin content was not associated to immunosuppression.ConclusionOur results encourage the use of SIAscopy as a tool to better gauge an individual patient's NMSC risk factors. Further studies should help to better delineate SIAscopy as a prognostic tool.
The tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the very low‐grade hangingwall constrains two‐stage gneiss dome formation in the Montagne Noire (Southern France)
Authors: Doublier M. P. , Potel S. , Wemmer K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Montagne Noire in the southernmost French Massif Central is made of an ENE‐elongated gneiss dome flanked by Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks. The tectonic evolution of the gneiss dome has generated controversy for more than half a century. As a result, a multitude of models have been proposed that invoke various tectonic regimes and exhumation mechanisms. Most of these models are based on data from the gneiss dome itself. Here, new constraints on the dome evolution are provided based on a combination of very low‐grade petrology, K–Ar geochronology, field mapping and structural analysis of the Palaeozoic western Mont Peyroux and Faugères units, which constitute part of the southern hangingwall of the dome. It is shown that southward‐directed Variscan nappe‐thrusting (D1) and a related medium‐P metamorphism (M1) are only preserved in the area furthest away from the gneiss dome. The regionally dominant pervasive tectono‐metamorphic event D2/M2 largely transposes D1 structures, comprises a higher metamorphic thermal gradient than M1 (transition low‐P and medium‐P metamorphic facies series) and affected the rocks between c. 309 and 300 Ma, post‐dating D1/M1 by more than 20 Ma. D2‐related fabrics are refolded by D3, which in its turn, is followed by dextral‐normal shearing along the basal shear zone of both units at c. 297 Ma. In the western Mont Peyroux and Faugères units, D2/M2 is largely synchronous with shearing along the southern dome margin between c. 311 and 303 Ma, facilitating the emplacement of the gneiss dome into the upper crust. D2/M2 also overlaps in time with granitic magmatism and migmatization in the Zone Axiale between c. 314 and 306 Ma, and a related low‐P/high‐T metamorphism at c. 308 Ma. The shearing that accompanied the exhumation of the dome therefore was synchronous with a peak in temperature expressed by migmatization and intrusion of melts within the dome, and also with the peak of metamorphism in the hangingwall. Both, the intensity of D2 fabrics and the M2 metamorphic grade within the hangingwall, decrease away from the gneiss dome, with grades ranging from the anchizone–epizone boundary to the diagenetic zone. The related zonation of the pre‐D3 metamorphic field gradients paralleled the dome. These observations indicate that D2/M2 is controlled by the exhumation of the Zone Axiale, and suggest a coherent kinematic between the different crustal levels at some time during D2/M2. Based on integration of these findings with regional geological constraints, a two‐stage exhumation of the gneiss dome is proposed: during a first stage between c. 316 and 300 Ma dome emplacement into the upper crust was controlled by dextral shear zones arranged in a pull‐apart‐like geometry. The second stage from 300 Ma onwards was characterized by northeast to northward extension, with exhumation accommodated by north‐dipping detachments and hangingwall basin formation along the northeastern dome margin.
Evaluation of Rotational Vertebral Artery Occlusion Using Ultrasound Facilitates the Detection of Arterial Dissection in the Atlas Loop
Authors: Yamaoka Y. , Ichikawa Y. , Morita A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPURPOSEHead rotation can cause occlusion of the vertebral artery most commonly at the atlas loop, and repetitive compression from head turning induces vertebral artery dissection (VAD). Although ultrasound examinations are useful in diagnosis, dissected lesions unaccompanied by hemodynamic changes can be overlooked. Because the narrowed, dissected vessel in the atlas loop may cause rotational occlusion, we confirmed whether adding submaximal head rotation to a cervical ultrasound examination would facilitate the detection of VAD in the atlas loop.METHODSWe investigated 7 patients who developed infarction in the posterior circulation and were clinically suspected of VAD. Using a 7.5‐MHz linear probe, we recorded the waveform of the vertebral artery at the C4‐C6 level and diagnosed rotational vertebral artery occlusion (RVAO) when head rotation induced the disappearance of end‐diastolic flow.RESULTSAll 3 patients with VAD in the atlas loop demonstrated RVAO of the dissected vertebral arteries in the acute stroke phase. RVAO was not observed in the dissected vertebral arteries excepting the atlas loop, nor in the nondissected vertebral arteries of any patients.CONCLUSIONFor posterior circulation stroke patients, adding submaximal head rotation to the cervical ultrasound examination facilitated the detection of VAD in the atlas loop.
Novel Approaches in Evaluating and Predicting the Potential Benefit of Middle Cerebral Artery Angioplasty & Stenting
Authors: Zi Wenjie , Gong Zili , Shuai Jie 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEOur aim was to investigate a novel approach to perform preoperative evaluation patients who underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS).METHODSixty‐five patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis of at least >70% who underwent MCA PTAS were enrolled. The multimodal stroke assessment using CT (MOSAIC) score was used to evaluate the preoperative condition. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scoring (ASPECTS) was used to assess the time‑to‑peak (TTP) parameter of Computer tomography perfusion (CTP). The factors potentially improving TTP following stenting were investigated. The prognostic value of the MOSAIC scores to predict TTP improvement was analyzed and compared.RESULTSThe MOSAIC score was a reliable prognostic tool for the degree of improvement of TTP (odds ratio 1.89 [1.08‐2.07], P < .01) in patients with PTAS. The MOSAIC score had a higher prognostic accuracy than the degree of CBF deficit, the degree of stenosis, and the amount of tissue infarction. During 1‐year follow‐up, the stroke and death rate of was 8.1%, the in‐stent restenosis rate was 6.5%, and good final outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2) was observed in 76.9%.CONCLUSIONSThe MOSAIC score can be reliably used in selecting patients with MCA stenosis for PTAS.
Brain Atrophy in Radiologically Isolated Syndromes
Authors: Rojas Juan Ignacio , Patrucco Liliana , Míguez Jimena , Besada Cristina , Cristiano Edgardo 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to compare brain atrophy in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and in individuals with subjective complaints (ISC).METHODSPatients with RIS were included prospectively during June 2009 to June 2012. CIS patients and ISC were used to compare the RIS sample. An automated analysis tool, SIENAX, was used to obtain normalized total brain volume (NTBV), normalized cortical volume (NCV), and normalized white matter volume (NWMV). ANOVA test was used to analyze the data.RESULTSA total of 10 RIS patients, 43 CIS patients, and 29 ISC were included. The NTBV in RIS was 1.56 mm3 × 106, 1.52 × 106 in CIS, and 1.64 × 106 in ISC (P = .12 vs. CIS and P = .003 vs. ISC); the NCV in RIS was .59 × 106, .55 × 106 in CIS, and .71 × 106 in ISC (P = .22 vs. CIS and P = .002 vs. ISC), and NWMV in RIS was 1.1 × 106, 1 in CIS and 1.12 × 106 in ISC (P = .66 vs. CIS and P = .12 vs. ISC).CONCLUSIONSNTBV and NCV were significantly lower in RIS compared with ISC while no differences were observed in NWMV.
Improving masticatory performance, bite force, nutritional state and patient's satisfaction with implant overdentures: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Boven G. C. , Raghoebar G. M. , Vissink A. , Meijer H. J. A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOral function with removable dentures is improved when dental implants are used for support. A variety of methods is used to measure change in masticatory performance, bite force, patient's satisfaction and nutritional state. A systematic review describing the outcome of the various methods to assess patients' appreciation has not been reported. The objective is to systematically review the literature on the possible methods to measure change in masticatory performance, bite force, patient's satisfaction and nutritional state of patients with removable dentures and to describe the outcome of these. Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched (last search July 1, 2014). The search was completed by hand to identify eligible studies. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles. Articles should be written in English. Study design should be prospective. The outcome should be any assessment of function/satisfaction before and at least 1 year after treatment. Study population should consist of fully edentulous subjects. Treatment should be placement of any kind of root‐form implant(s) to support a mandibular and/or maxillary overdenture. Fifty‐three of 920 found articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A variety of methods was used to measure oral function; mostly follow‐up was 1 year. Most studies included mandibular overdentures, three studies included maxillary overdentures. Implant‐supported dentures were accompanied by high patient's satisfaction with regard to denture comfort, but this high satisfaction was not always accompanied by improvement in general quality of life (QoL) and/or health‐related QoL. Bite force improved, masseter thickness increased and muscle activity in rest decreased. Patients could chew better and eat more tough foods. No changes were seen in dietary intake, BMI and blood markers. Improvements reported after 1 year apparently decreased slightly with time, at least on the long run. Treating complete denture wearers with implants to support their denture improves their chewing efficiency, increases maximum bite force and clearly improves satisfaction. The effect on QoL is uncertain, and there is no effect on nutritional state.
Evidence‐Based Criteria for Differential Treatment Planning of Implant Restorations for the Maxillary Edentulous Patient
Authors: Sadowsky Steven J. , Fitzpatrick Brian , Curtis Donald A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSince the introduction of the endosseous concept to North America in 1982, there have been new permutations of the original ad modum Branemark design to meet the unique demands of treating the edentulous maxilla with an implant restoration. While there is a growing body of clinical evidence to assist the student, faculty, and private practitioner in the algorithms for design selection, confusion persists because of difficulty in assessing the external and internal validity of the relevant studies. The purpose of this article is to review clinician‐ and patient‐mediated factors for implant restoration of the edentulous maxilla in light of the hierarchical level of available evidence, with the aim of elucidating the benefit/risk calculus of various treatment modalities.
En Route to Depression: Self‐Esteem Discrepancies and Habitual Rumination
Authors: Phillips Wendy J. , Hine Donald W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDual‐process models of cognitive vulnerability to depression suggest that some individuals possess discrepant implicit and explicit self‐views, such as high explicit and low implicit self‐esteem (fragile self‐esteem) or low explicit and high implicit self‐esteem (damaged self‐esteem). This study investigated whether individuals with discrepant self‐esteem may employ depressive rumination in an effort to reduce discrepancy‐related dissonance, and whether the relationship between self‐esteem discrepancy and future depressive symptoms varies as a function of rumination tendencies. Hierarchical regressions examined whether self‐esteem discrepancy was associated with rumination in an Australian undergraduate sample at Time 1 (N = 306; Mage = 29.9), and whether rumination tendencies moderated the relationship between self‐esteem discrepancy and depressive symptoms assessed 3 months later (n = 160). Damaged self‐esteem was associated with rumination at Time 1. As hypothesized, rumination moderated the relationship between self‐esteem discrepancy and depressive symptoms at Time 2, where fragile self‐esteem and high rumination tendencies at Time 1 predicted the highest levels of subsequent dysphoria. Results are consistent with dual‐process propositions that (a) explicit self‐regulation strategies may be triggered when explicit and implicit self‐beliefs are incongruent, and (b) rumination may increase the likelihood of depression by expending cognitive resources and/or amplifying negative implicit biases.
Value Stability and Change in an ISAF Contingent
Authors: Sundberg Ralph 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStudying an International Security Assistance Force contingent on tour in Afghanistan, the aim of the present study was to test assertions of the relative stability of personal values in a challenging environment. Three hundred twenty Swedish soldiers answered questionnaires on their values before and after a 6‐month tour of Afghanistan. Value change and stability were studied via mean‐level change, rank‐order stability, and individual‐level change methods. Regression analysis was used to study the impact of combat exposure and personality traits on change. The analysis concluded that even when experiencing such a different social context as a military mission to Afghanistan, the soldiers' values remained stable. Some minor changes occurred, in a pattern similar to a regression toward the mean. It was also shown that combat exposure—to a minor extent—predicted changes in values, whereas Big Five scores yielded stronger effects. The present findings suggest that the assertion of the stability of values is a well‐founded proposition, even after radical changes in environment. However, the findings on the effects of combat exposure point to the possibility of severe life events having the power to exert change in values. Personality traits were, however, more important factors in the present context.
Serum Adipokine Concentrations in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Paek J. , Kang J.‐H. , Kim H.‐S. , Lee I. , Seo K.W. , Yang M.‐P. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundLimited information is available about the role of adipokines in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine whether the circulating concentrations of adipokines differed between healthy dogs and dogs withAP, and whether the circulating concentrations differed betweenAPsurvivors andAPnonsurvivors.AnimalsTwenty‐eight healthy dogs and 25 client‐owned dogs withAP.MethodsProspective observational cohort study of 25 client‐owned dogs with newly diagnosedAPand 28 otherwise healthy dogs with similar body condition scores. The serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, interleukin (IL)‐1β,IL‐6,IL‐10,IL‐18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured.ResultsThe serum concentrations of leptin (P = .0021), resistin (P = .0010), visfatin (P < .0001),IL‐1β (P < .0001),IL‐6 (P = .0002),IL‐10 (P < .0001), andIL‐18 (P < .0001) were significantly higher in dogs withAPthan healthy dogs, whereas the adiponectin concentration (P = .0011) was significantly lower. There were significant differences in the serum concentrations of leptin (P = .028) and adiponectin (P = .046) in survivors and nonsurvivors. After the disappearance of clinical signs, the concentrations of resistin (P = .037) andIL‐1β (P = .027) decreased significantly, whereas the serum concentrations of leptin (P > .999), adiponectin (P = .11), visfatin (P = .83),IL‐6 (P = .82),IL‐10 (P = .82),IL‐18 (P = .56), andTNF‐α (P = .94) did not differ significantly.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThis study showed that dysregulation of adipokines might be involved in the pathogenesis ofAP. In addition, leptin and adiponectin are likely to be associated with mortality rate inAP.