bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Decrease Carbon Footprint in Perforated Holes in Different Permeability
Authors: Kon T. E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), implemented through ANSYS-Fluent, to address the environmental impact of oil and gas extraction by optimizing methane gas extraction efficiencies in Cased-Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP) completions. By focusing on the perforation configurations in various permeability layers, this research aims to reduce the carbon footprint associated with drilling operations significantly.The research commenced with the creation of detailed 3D CAD models and simulation setups, referencing formations from the Sakarya Gas Project. The models were developed to mirror real-world geological conditions accurately, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the findings. These simulations were designed to explore the efficiency of perforated holes within three distinct permeability layers, looking specifically at how the physical structure and placement of these perforations can impact methane gas extraction rates. The study's methodology involved comparative analyses of the efficiencies of perforations intersecting with formation layers versus those that do not intersect. Using the Production Logging Tool (PLT) as a baseline for comparison, the simulations demonstrated that intersecting perforations yield flow rates approximately 1.5 times greater than non-intersecting perforations. This finding underscores the critical importance of targeted perforation placement in optimizing resource extraction and minimizing environmental impact.Further, the research highlighted the limitations of traditional PLT measurements, which often lack the depth-specific accuracy needed for modern environmental and efficiency standards. By providing a more granular and accurate measurement of flow rates and efficiencies at the perforation level, the study advocates for a shift towards more sophisticated subsurface modeling techniques in the industry.One of the key operational outcomes of this study was a significant reduction in simulation time—by 40%—achieved through refined meshing strategies. This not only suggests a direct path to cost savings in operational budgets but also aligns with broader industry trends towards reducing carbon footprint and enhancing environmental sustainability. The study sets a new benchmark for future drilling operations. It encourages a continued focus on innovation and sustainability, aiming to reconcile the often-conflicting demands of resource extraction and environmental stewardship.
Optimizing Injection-Production Allocation in Geothermal Systems Using Advanced Look-Ahead Reservoir Models
Authors: Cancelliere M. A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel approach to optimize the allocation of injection and production wells in geothermal systems, based on the Look-Ahead Models (LAMs) framework that was originally designed for hydrocarbon reservoir optimization using numerical simulation. The goal is to improve energy extraction efficiency and to extend the sustainable operation of geothermal reservoirs while minimizing computational cost. The approach consists of using reduced order (proxy) models to gather information about future performance and feed it into the high-fidelity model (HFM). This way, only one detailed simulation is required to globally maximize enthalpy extraction and thermal efficiency over time.
LAMs are advanced predictive tools that integrate future predictions of well performance and reservoir behavior into a fine scale full-field reservoir models using subrogate models. Adapting these models to geothermal systems, requires accounting for the specific heat and mass transfer dynamics, including factors like thermal breakthrough and reinjection effects. This adaptation involves modifying existing LAM frameworks to accurately represent the complex interactions in geothermal reservoirs particularly in terms of Temperature response at production wells.
Simulation results using this adapted LAM approach on a theoretical geothermal reservoir exhibit marked improvements in both energy extraction efficiency and reservoir longevity, delaying thermal breakthrough by 5 years. The method shows potential in reducing operational costs and enhancing the predictability of reservoir behavior, which is critical for long-term sustainability.
Using LAMs enables quasi-global optimization while keeping computational cost to a minimum. Because the LAM models are used as guides, the algorithm itself is extremely robust and can be integrated into our existing in-house reservoir simulator with minimum disruption.
A Study on the Impact of Carbon Liability on the Economic Benefits of the LNG Value Chain: A New Perspective from the Carbon Emission Accounting Model
Authors: Zhu Yimeng , Ma Xinhua , Liang Tao , Liu Yanlu , Guo Xiaofei , Yi Jiexin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Under the global drive for net-zero emission targets, the importance of natural gas is further highlighted. Due to its lower absolute emissions, natural gas is seen as an ideal bridge in the transition to a future powered by renewable energy. The development of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) from extraction, liquefaction, transportation, to regasification, produces carbon emissions at every stage. The carbon emissions at each stage have a profound impact on the carbon footprint of LNG projects. Understanding and scientifically quantifying the carbon emissions at each stage are not only key steps in optimizing the energy structure but also crucial to achieving the goal of global net-zero emissions. Only through a refined carbon emission accounting model, which studies the impact of carbon emission costs on the economics of the LNG supply chain, can we provide ideas for optimizing the benefits of LNG projects and formulating emission reduction strategies.
Using an A LNG development project as a case study, we selected the upstream and midstream industries of its supply chain as research targets, set the carbon emission boundary, and sorted out the carbon emission sources at different stages. We analyzed and studied the carbon emissions during the drilling, production, gathering and transportation, and liquefaction stages of coalbed methane development process, thereby establishing a carbon emission accounting model.
According to the above accounting model, emission factors were determined, the carbon emissions during the development process were calculated, and based on the understanding of the future carbon market, carbon prices were predicted. Finally, the carbon cost calculation module was embedded in the economic evaluation model to study the impact of carbon emissions on economic benefits.
A sensitivity analysis was conducted on various factors including Capex, Opex, Oil Price, Production, Carbon price, and Carbon emission factor in the economic evaluation. We found that carbon pricing had a larger impact on the project's life-cycle IRR than the carbon emission factor. By performing a breakeven analysis on carbon liability, we calculated the breakeven carbon price for carbon liability.
For each stage of the upstream and midstream of the LNG project supply chain, a carbon emission accounting model was established and embedded in the economic evaluation model.
Innovations in Oil and Gas Wells Cleanout Operations Involving Radioactive Waste Handling
Authors: Al-Mulhim Bassam K. , Lopez J. Carmona , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Kharrat W. , Al-Turaki H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Well-cleanout operations, particularly in the presence of radioactive traces or minerals, pose significant safety risks. This paper aims to provide practical solutions by addressing the system design and processes that can effectively be deployed for any well with radioactive material. It also outlines the optimum procedures for handling radioactive material from the surface to safe disposal, offering a comprehensive guide for industry professionals.

Methods, Procedures, Processes
This paper introduces a novel approach using a live Coiled Tubing (CT) bottom-hole assembly (BHA) to successfully complete the well cleanout process. This unique method is designed to minimize human contact with the cleaned-out material at the surface, thereby preventing potential exposure to radioactive emissions. The paper details the design, administrative measures, and the closed-loop equipment and system required to conduct the well cleanout with radioactive materials, offering a novel and effective solution to a complex problem.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
This innovative well cleanout approach improves the overall coiled tubing cleanout, considering any dangerous risk associated with recovering radioactive material. The paper provides a comprehensive guide on how the different testing equipment and the coiled tubing in the hole would affect the efficiency of the radioactive material handling. Additionally, the paper discusses the limitations of such a system and highlights several observations that can be beneficial for enhancing the service quality and safety of the system, including having a real-time downhole telemetry BHA. The system can restore well productivity and filter 100% of the solids, resulting in solid-free flow at the surface. The system can also be tailored to ensure full compliance with any regulator's health, safety, and environmental policies. It can be designed to handle both sour or sweet wellbore environments

Novel/Additive Information
This paper will provide guidelines for an innovative approach to cleaning out wellbore waste containing radioactive materials. It details the downhole configuration and surface setup tailored to handle radioactive waste.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Type 7 (CLN7)- A Case Series Reporting Cross Sectional and Retrospective Clinical Data to Evaluate Validity of Standardized Tools to Assess Disease Progression, Quality of Life, and Adaptive Skills
Authors: Kayani Saima , Edgar Veronica Bordes , Lowden Andrea , Nettesheim Emily R , Dahshi Hamza , Messahel Souad , Minassian Berge A , Greenberg Benjamin M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 or CLN7 disease spectrum to characterize the clinical, electrophysiologic and neuroimaging phenotypes.
Methods
We performed a single-center cross sectional data collection along with retrospective medical chart review in patients with a genetic diagnosis of CLN7. This study received ethical approval by the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Institutional Review Board. A total of 8 patients were included between the ages of 4 to 6 years. All patients had a genetic diagnosis of CLN7 with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the MFSD8 gene. The information collected includes patient demographics, developmental history, neurological events including seizures and neurodevelopmental regression along with further evaluation of brain magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological findings. The clinical phenotype is described through cross sectional and retrospective data collection and standardized tools assessing quality of life and functional skills.
Conclusions
Our findings in this cohort of CLN7 patients indicated that development is initially normal with onset of clinical symptoms as early as two years of age. Language problems were noted prior to or at the onset of seizures in all cases. Gait problems were noted prior to seizure onset in 3 of 8 patients, and at or within 6 months after the onset of seizures in 5 of 8 patients. All patients followed a progressive course of language, motor, and neurocognitive deterioration. Congruent with the medical history, our patients had significantly low scores on adaptive abilities. Natural history data such as this can be used to support future clinical trial designs.
Not taught in medical school but needed for the clinical job – leadership, communication and career management skills for final year medical students
Authors: Behling Felix , Adib Sasan Darius , Haas Patrick , Becker Hannes , Oberle Linda , Weinbrenner Eliane , Nasi-Kordhishti Isabella , Roder Constantin , Griewatz Jan , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Starting the first job as a young physician is a demanding challenge. Certain skills are important to master this transformation that go beyond the theoretical knowledge and practical skills taught in medical school. Competencies such as communication, leadership and career management skills are important to develop as a young physician but are usually not sufficiently taught in medical school in a structured and comprehensive way.
Methods:
We performed an online survey among final year medical students regarding how they perceive their current competency level in communication, leadership and career management skills. We also assessed how they rate the importance to acquire these competencies and the current emphasis during their medical school education regarding these topics.
Results:
Of 450 final year medical students 80 took part in the voluntary survey and 75 complete datasets were returned (16.7%). The majority of respondents rated different communication skills, leadership skills and career management skills as important or very important for their later clinical work. However, most students felt to be poorly or very poorly prepared by the current medical school curriculum, especially for certain leadership and career management skills. Overall, 90.7% of participants expressed interest in an additional educational course that covers subjects of communication, leadership and career management skills during the later stage of medical school, preferably as a hybrid in-person session that also offers synchronous online participation.
Conclusions:
Final year medical students in Germany express the need to address communication, leadership and career management skills in the medical curriculum to be better prepared for the demands of residency and their further course as physicians.
The impact of uterine position on conception modes and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous patients.
Authors: Bachar Gal , Justman Naphtali , Farago Naama , Lieberman Shira , David Chen Ben , Fainaru Ofer , Khatib Nizar , Beloosesky Ron , Vitner Dana , Weiner Zeev , Zipori Yaniv 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Retroverted uterus affects 15–20% of patients. While typically not a cause for concern, some studies suggest a relationship between a retroverted uterus and subfertility. Study objective was to investigate the association between uterine position and spontaneous conception rates, as well as potential risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous patients.
Methods
We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort study of 621 nulliparous patients with confirmed pregnancies who received prenatal care at a large medical center between 2006 and 2022. Ultrasound exams documented their uterine position at the beginning of pregnancy. Women were categorized into two groups according to their uterine position. We compared the groups regarding mode of conception (spontaneous/ IVF), pregnancy complications, and vaginal delivery outcomes.
Results
Compared to patients with anteverted uteri, those with retroverted uteri had a significantly higher rate of conception through IVF (12.3% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.022). IVF indications were similar between groups (p = 0.961). Pregnancy complications, including pre-labor rupture of membranes, miscarriages, and preterm delivery < 37 and < 32 weeks’, were similar. Breech presentation at delivery was comparable between cohorts (~ 6%, p = 0.576). Among patients attempting vaginal delivery (n = 539), cesarean delivery rates were comparable (18.2% anteverted vs. 23.1% retroverted, p = 0.249). No significant differences were observed in other maternal or neonatal outcomes between the groups.
Conclusion
This study contributes valuable insights into the potential influence of uterine position on pregnancy. While a retroverted uterus does not seem to be a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes, the observed trend regarding its association with IVF pregnancies necessitates further investigation.
A Retrospective Study On Molecular Characteristics, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections
Authors: Cheng Yan , Cheng Qi , Zhang Rong , Gao Jie-ying , Li Wei , Wang Fu-kun , He Zheng-xin , Sun Qing-qing , Meng Han-bing , Yu Shu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Backgroud: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is reported as the second most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium responsible for bloodstream infections (BSIs). In recent years, the management of BSIs caused by KP has become increasingly complex due to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Although numerous studies have explored the risk factors for the development of CRKP-BSIs, the mortality of patients with KP-BSIs, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP, the variability in data across different populations, countries, and hospitals has led to inconsistent conclusions.
Results: In our study, 134 patients with KP-BSIs were included; of these, 50 were infected with CRKP and 84 with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP). The independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs were identified as gastric catheterization (OR=9.143; CI=1.357-61.618; P=0.023), prior ICU hospitalization (OR=4.642; CI=1.312-16.422; P=0.017), and detection of CRKP in non-blood sites (OR=8.112; CI=2.130-30.894; P=0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that microbiologic eradication beyond 6 days (OR=3.569; CI=1.119-11.387; P=0.032), high Pitt bacteremia score (OR=1.609; CI=1.226-2.111; P=0.001), and inappropriate empirical treatment after BSIs (OR=6.756; CI=1.922-23.753; P=0.003) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in KP-BSIs. The risk factor-based prediction model further confirmed that microbiologic eradication≥6.5 days and a Pitt bacteremia score of≥4.5 were significant predictive factors for 28-day mortality. Bioinformatics analysis identified ST11 as the predominant CRKP sequence type, with blaKPC-2 as the most prevalent gene variant. CRKP stains carried multiple plasmid-mediated resistance genes along with some virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of nosocomial transmission of ST11 CRKP within the ICU.
Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors for developing CRKP-BSIs and the association between KP-BSIs and 28-day mortality, along with the development of a risk factor-based prediction model and the characterization of CRKP strains, enhances clinicians’ understanding of the pathogens responsible for BSIs. This comprehensive understanding may facilitate the timely administration of antibiotic therapy in patients suspected of having KP-BSIs, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A second-order nonlinear disturbance observer based non- singular terminal sliding mode control for PMSLM system
Authors: Pang Yuyi , Yu Haitao , Wang Yao , Zhang Jiahui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a speed-current single-loop control strategy for permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (PMSLM) with load variations is investigated. Firstly, a second-order model of the PMSLM is developed by combining the speed and q-axis current. Then, a speed regulation strategy consisting of a non-singular terminal sliding mode control and second-order nonlinear disturbance observers is designed for the developed second-order model to improve the response and disturbance rejection performance of the PMSLM. The matched and mismatched disturbances of the second-order model are estimated by second-order nonlinear disturbance observers. The convergence of the studied control strategies is analysed by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show the advantages of the studied control strategy in terms of response and robustness compared to the PID and SMC based on cascade structure.
Differences in ambulatory versus home blood pressure levels by ethnicity: data from the United Kingdom and Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Takeshi , Koshiaris Constantinos , Schwartz Claire , Sheppard James , Tomitani Naoko , Hoshide Satoshi , Kario Kazuomi , McManus Richard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that differences in ethnicity impact the difference between ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and home BP (HBP) levels.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data from the UK and Japan was performed. All participants underwent office BP, daytime ABP, and HBP measurements. The ABP–HBP differences among the ethnic groups were examined by multiple linear regression analysis. Diagnostic disagreement was defined as cases where the diagnosis of hypertension determined using ABP and HBP differed with a common threshold of 135/85 mmHg. Definite diagnostic disagreement was assigned where such a difference exceeded ±5 mmHg from their respective diagnostic thresholds.
Results: A total of 1,408 participants (age 62.1±11.1 years, 48.6% males, 78.9% known hypertensive, White British 18.9%, South Asian 11.2%, African Caribbean 12.0%, Japanese 58.0%) were eligible. Japanese participants showed higher daytime ABP than HBP compared to White British: systolic BP (SBP) +3.09 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) +1.14, +5.04 mmHg; diastolic BP (DBP) +5.67 mmHg, 95%CI +4.51, +6.84 mmHg. Japanese participants showed a higher percentage of diagnostic disagreement in SBP compared to African Caribbean participants (33.2% vs. 20.7%, p=0.006). Furthermore, Japanese participants demonstrated a higher percentage of definite diagnostic disagreement in SBP compared to White British (9.3% vs. 4.5%, p=0.040) and African Caribbean participants (9.3% vs. 3.0%, p=0.018).
Conclusion: Japanese participants showed higher daytime ABP than HBP compared to White British participants. To fully assess cardiovascular risk, it is beneficial for Japanese participants to measure both ABP and HBP, in comparison to other ethnic groups.
Photoinduced electron transfer photodecomposition of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine derivative phototoxic drug Manidipine, Docking and Molecular Dynamic studies
Authors: Mustafa Syed Khalid , Al-Anazi Menier , Aljohani Meshari M. H. , Omer Noha , Jame Rasha , Alessa Ali Hamzah , Alatawi Ibrahim Saleem S , Alatawi Omar M. , Sagheer Mehak , Ahamed Mohd Imran , Islam Maidul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The present investigation focuses on the photochemical transformation of Manidipine (1) using ultraviolet-A light while being accompanied by an electron-donating agent (Et3N) and an electron-accepting component (CCl4). This resulted in the formation of photoproducts, identified as 2-[4-(diphenylmethyl) piperazin-1-yl] ethyl methyl2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-amino-phenyl)-1,4 dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (2) and 2- [4-(diphenyl methyl) piperazin-1-yl] ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)- pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (3) from its spectral properties (IR, NMR and Mass spectra). The formation of photoproducts was rationalized by invoking a mechanism driven by photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the binding affinities through docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed on parent drug and their photoproduct against tyrosinase enzyme for their correlation with phototoxic effect. The outcomes imply that all the compounds effectively occupied the enzymes’ active site, displaying substantial binding energies. These results were confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation by evaluating root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), along with the radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) that indicated a stable and compact state throughout the simulation time. This data suggests that drug users should restrict exposure to radiation (natural or artificial) to avoid drug-induced phototoxic effects.