bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy Without Intraoperative Frozen Section Examinations for Clinical Stage I Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer: Retrospective Study of 403 Cases
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Xiaoke , Xi Junjie , Wang Qun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe extent of mediastinal lymphadenectomy for clinical stage I non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study explored the value of selective mediastinal lymphadenectomy from the clinical viewpoint.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2008, a total of 403 patients diagnosed clinically as having stage I NSCLC underwent lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Among them, 309 underwent complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy, and the other 94 underwent selective mediastinal lymphadenectomy. We compared the perioperative parameters and overall survival statistics for the two groups retrospectively.ResultsThe two groups had no significant differences in sex, pathology, tumor location, or preoperative staging. The selective mediastinal lymphadenectomy group had an older average age, with a much higher rate of patients >70 years of age (p = 0.016). Also, the patients were apt to undergo thoracoscopic lobectomy (p = 0.044). This group had shorter operating times and less intraoperative bleeding. No significant differences in total drainage volume, length of hospital stay, or complication rates were found between the two groups. The mean follow‐up periods were 35.8 ± 13.7 vs. 34.6 ± 17.2 months. Local and distant recurrence rates were 25.6 % vs. 30.9 %, respectively (p = 0.560). The 3‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates were 83.0 % and 74.6 % vs. 75.1 % and 68.5 %, respectively (p = 0.216).ConclusionsFor patients with clinical stage I NSCLC, selective mediastinal lymphadenectomy can reduce the trauma caused by the procedure, especially for elderly patients and those with co‐morbidities. Survival was acceptable and was no worse than that after complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Our results need to be confirmed by prospective randomized controlled studies.
Evolution of Nerve Injury with Unexpected EMG Signal Recovery in Thyroid Surgery Using Continuous Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
Authors: Schneider Rick , Bures Claudia , Lorenz Kerstin , Dralle Henning , Freissmuth Michael , Hermann Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring cannot prevent preparative surgical damage or predict imminent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage with subsequent development of loss of electromyogram (EMG) signal during thyroid surgery. In case the nerve is stressed, i.e., from traction near the ligament of Berry, the nerve injury is only detected after it has occurred, not allowing the surgeon to correct the mechanical maneuver and salvage nerve function intraoperatively.MethodsThe unusual clinical scenario of sacrifice of a tumor‐infiltrated RLN was used to study real‐time evolution of RLN injury caused by mechanical distention. The ipsilateral vagus nerve (VN) was continuously stimulated with a new stimulation probe, and changes in EMG response were correlated with the varying levels of stretch and traction.ResultsMechanical traction induced an intermittent depression of EMG amplitudes as a sign of impaired propagation of axon potentials or synaptic transmission. Prolonged mechanical stress caused a long‐lasting depression of EMG response. When the mechanical distention was relieved, neurotransmission was gradually restored, with reappearance of singular muscle depolarization of full magnitude interspersed between the barely detectable deflections in the EMG recording. These responses of full amplitude appeared with increasing frequency, until the regular continuous EMG pattern was completely restored.ConclusionsOnly continuous VN stimulation serves to detect early changes in EMG response that indicate imminent danger to RLN functional integrity and alerts the surgeon to immediately correctable surgical actions, thus possibly preventing nerve damage or transforming damage into a reversible event.
Endoscopic versus Open Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sakoda Masahiko , Ueno Shinichi , Iino Satoshi , Minami Koji , Ando Kei , Kawasaki Yota , Kurahara Hiroshi , Mataki Yukou , Maemura Kousei , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurgical radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with superior oncological outcome in comparison with percutaneous RFA. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the relative perioperative safety and postoperative outcome of the laparoscopic or thoracoscopic approach versus the open approach to RFA for small HCC.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 55 consecutive patients who underwent open (n = 32) or laparoscopic/thoracoscopic (LTS) RFA (n = 23) for primary unresectable HCC between January 2005 and December 2010. Baseline characteristics, survival/recurrence rates, and complications after treatment were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was a trend showing that LTS RFA was performed for tumors located in the anterior segment (e.g., segments III, V, VIII). The LTS RFA group had a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time, and shorter postoperative hospital stay, compared with the open RFA group. No major postoperative complications occurred in patients who underwent LTS RFA. No significant differences in overall survival, recurrence‐free survival and local recurrence rates were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsIn consideration of operative invasiveness and postoperative recovery, LTS RFA is superior to the open approach in patients with small HCC. Moreover, the surgical outcome did not differ between the two approaches. Laparoscopic/thorascopic RFA can be considered to be a useful procedure for ablation therapy.
Monkey and dung beetle activities influence soil seed bank structure
Authors: Feer François , Ponge Jean‐François , Jouard Sylvie , Gomez Doris 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn Neotropical forests, dung beetles act as efficient secondary dispersers of seeds that are dispersed primarily by red howler monkeys. Here, we investigated the origins of soil seed bank variability in relation to monkey and dung beetle activity, to assess the impact of dung beetles on seed fate, and their adaptability to resource availability. This question is important to better understand the process of tree regeneration, and is especially timely in the current context of threat to primates. We characterized soil seed bank structures in sites differing in monkey frequentation, and conducted field experiments with artificial beads to monitor bead fate. We also conducted experiments on specific roller and tunneller beetle species to examine bead processing behavior and its variability among and within species. We found that seed number and diversity increased with monkey frequentation, but seed viability was optimal under moderate monkey frequentation. We showed for the first time that dung provisioning yielded higher beetle activity in sites more often visited by monkeys, which calls for further investigation to understand the mechanisms of attraction to resource and potential spatial structuration of beetle populations. Although all beetle species involved in the experiments actively excluded beads from dung reserves, selectivity was higher for small than large beetle species, and for large compared to small bead sizes. It also increased when per‐capita dung resource decreased, suggesting that intraspecific competition could alter seed fate. Altogether, our results support a major role of dung beetles in soil seed bank structure and dynamics. They reveal interesting interspecific variability within the dung beetle community and a complex interplay with primary dispersal.
DNA Barcode ITS Effectively Distinguishes the Medicinal Plant Boerhavia Diffusa from Its Adulterants
Authors: Selvaraj Dhivya , Shanmughanandhan Dhivya , Sarma Rajeev Kumar , Joseph Jijo C. , Srinivasan Ramachandran V. , Ramalingam Sathishkumar 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Boerhavia diffusa (B. diffusa), also known as Punarnava, is an indigenous plant in India and an important component in traditional Indian medicine. The accurate identification and collection of this medicinal herb is vital to enhance the drug’s efficacy and biosafety. In this study, a DNA barcoding technique has been applied to identify and distinguish B. diffusa from its closely-related species. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the four species of Boerhavia using barcode candidates including nuclear ribosomal DNA regions ITS, ITS1, ITS2 and the chloroplast plastid gene psbA-trnH. Sequence alignment revealed 26% polymorphic sites in ITS, 30% in ITS1, 16% in ITS2 and 6% in psbA-trnH, respectively. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for 15 species using ITS sequences which clearly distinguished B. diffusa from the other species. The ITS1 demonstrates a higher transition/transversion ratio, percentage of variation and pairwise distance which differentiate B. diffusa from other species of Boerhavia. Our study revealed that ITS and ITS1 could be used as potential candidate regions for identifying B. diffusa and for authenticating its herbal products.
The 2011 Northern Kermadec earthquake doublet and subduction zone faulting interactions
Authors: Todd Erin K. , Lay Thorne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA large intraslab earthquake doublet (6 July 2011, Mw 7.6; 21 October 2011, Mw 7.4) occurred in the Pacific plate beneath the outer trench slope of the northern Kermadec subduction zone, seaward of an interseismically‐coupled region of the megathrust. The first large event, a shallow (~24 km centroid depth) normal‐faulting rupture, was followed by intraslab aftershocks within minutes and by aftershocks near the megathrust within hours. The second large event, a deeper (~45 km centroid depth) thrust‐faulting rupture below the northern portion of the first rupture plane, was also followed by interplate and intraslab aftershocks. The last large interplate activity in northern Kermadec involved an underthrusting doublet on 14 January 1976 (Mw 7.8, 7.9). Previous studies interpret westward movement of the northern Kermadec Arc relative to the Australian Plate (from GPS measurements) to be a result of interseismic coupling on the northern Kermadec megathrust. A locked plate interface in this region should tend to reduce trench‐slope extensional stresses. Coulomb stress change calculations using a finite‐fault model determined from teleseismic body wave inversions for the normal‐faulting event in the 2011 doublet favor activation of megathrust faulting. Coulomb stress changes for the October compressional event appear to reduce interplate thrust activity, and for a short time reversed the westward motion of the upper plate. The net effect of the doublet is a few bar increase of interplate thrust‐fault driving stress, which may have advanced a future large megathrust event. Intraslab normal faulting may serve as a harbinger, not only a response, to large megathrust ruptures.
Defining and predicting structurally conserved regions in protein superfamilies
Authors: Huang Ivan K. , Pei Jimin , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The structures of homologous proteins are generally better conserved than their sequences. This phenomenon is demonstrated by the prevalence of structurally conserved regions (SCRs) even in highly divergent protein families. Defining SCRs requires the comparison of two or more homologous structures and is affected by their availability and divergence, and our ability to deduce structurally equivalent positions among them. In the absence of multiple homologous structures, it is necessary to predict SCRs of a protein using information from only a set of homologous sequences and (if available) a single structure. Accurate SCR predictions can benefit homology modelling and sequence alignment.
Results: Using pairwise DaliLite alignments among a set of homologous structures, we devised a simple measure of structural conservation, termed structural conservation index (SCI). SCI was used to distinguish SCRs from non-SCRs. A database of SCRs was compiled from 386 SCOP superfamilies containing 6489 protein domains. Artificial neural networks were then trained to predict SCRs with various features deduced from a single structure and homologous sequences. Assessment of the predictions via a 5-fold cross-validation method revealed that predictions based on features derived from a single structure perform similarly to ones based on homologous sequences, while combining sequence and structural features was optimal in terms of accuracy (0.755) and Matthews correlation coefficient (0.476). These results suggest that even without information from multiple structures, it is still possible to effectively predict SCRs for a protein. Finally, inspection of the structures with the worst predictions pinpoints difficulties in SCR definitions.
Availability: The SCR database and the prediction server can be found at http://prodata.swmed.edu/SCR.
Contact: 91huangi@gmail.com or grishin@chop.swmed.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online
The Ginibre Ensemble and Gaussian Analytic Functions
Authors: Krishnapur Manjunath , Virág Bálint 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We show that as n changes, the characteristic polynomial of the n×n random matrix with i.i.d. complex Gaussian entries can be described recursively through a process analogous to Pólya’s urn scheme. As a result, we get a random analytic function in the limit, which is given by a mixture of Gaussian analytic functions. This suggests another reason why the zeros of Gaussian analytic functions and the Ginibre ensemble exhibit similar local repulsion, but different global behavior. Our approach gives new explicit formulas for the limiting analytic function.
MHD modelling of a disc wind from a high-mass protobinary: the case of Orion Source I
Authors: Vaidya B. , Goddi C. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of SiO masers in Orion Source I has enabled for the first time to resolve the outflow from a high-mass protostar in the launch and collimation region. Therefore, Source I provides a unique laboratory to study mass loss and mass accretion in a high-mass protostar. We numerically simulate the dynamics of the disc wind inside 100 au from Source I. This enables us to investigate the balance of different forces (gravitational, magnetic, thermal) regulating gas dynamics in massive star formation. In this work, we adopt magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disc-wind models to explain the observed properties of the disc wind from Orion Source I. The central source is assumed to be a binary composed of two 10 M⊙ stars in a circular orbit with an orbital separation of 7 au. High-resolution ideal MHD wind-launching simulations (which prescribe disc as a boundary) are performed using the pluto code. The simulations are allowed to run until a steady state is obtained. MHD-driven disc wind provides a consistent model for the wide-angle flow from Source I probed by SiO masers, reproducing the bipolar morphology, the velocity amplitude and rotational profile, the physical conditions, and the magnetic field strength.
On the magnetic fields in voids
Authors: Beck A. M. , Hanasz M. , Lesch H. , Remus R.-S. , Stasyszyn F. A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We study the possible magnetization of cosmic voids by void galaxies. Recently, observations revealed isolated star-forming galaxies within the voids. Furthermore, a major fraction of a voids volume is expected to be filled with magnetic fields of a minimum strength of about 10−15 G on Mpc scales. We estimate the transport of magnetic energy by cosmic rays (CR) from the void galaxies into the voids. We assume that CRs and winds are able to leave small isolated void galaxies shortly after they assembled, and then propagate within the voids. For a typical void, we estimate the magnetic field strength and volume-filling factor depending on its void galaxy population and possible contributions of strong active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which border the voids. We argue that the lower limit on the void magnetic field can be recovered, if a small fraction of the magnetic energy contained in the void galaxies or void bordering AGNs is distributed within the voids.
Effective international expansion strategies of emerging countries: the strategies that helped Arçelik
Authors: Gülsoy Tanses , Özkanlı Özlem , Lynch Richard 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to present the case study of Arçelik, which has become Turkey's leading manufacturer and exporter of home appliances, as a means of offering insight into why, how and with what results companies from developing countries expand internationally.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data have been drawn from in‐depth interviews conducted with senior executives and industry experts, and this has been based on a statistical analysis of the export and international strategies of Turkish home appliance and television set industry.FindingsThe evidence indicates that international expansion may buffer a firm against fluctuations of demand in its home market and provide opportunities for growth. Difficulties faced by a later arrival from a developing country are greater than established rivals, and a developing country firm will have to rely on different resources and different operational strategies in developed vs developing markets.Research limitations/implicationsEven though one case cannot yield general conclusions, it may indicate fruitful theoretical directions. This study raises issues worthy of further investigation. On the outset, it would be useful to apply the four propositions to more Turkish MNEs in order to test the robustness of the conclusions.Practical implicationsThe study has important implications for companies from developing countries. First, international expansion appears to be a viable means of offsetting home‐market volatility for emerging‐country firms. Second, international expansion is still predicated on significant investments in firm‐specific advantages and their development may shorten the internationalization process.Originality/valueThe report contributes to knowledge in the area of international expansion of companies from developing countries by providing evidence on how one company has achieved a world position in a highly competitive market through selective use of quality, innovation, and branding based on the competitive position that is available in each of its chosen markets. In particular, it contributes to the limited evidence on the international expansion of Turkish companies at the present time.
Promoting early detection of psychosis: the role of community outreach
Authors: Joly Brenda , Pukstas Bernard Kimberly , Elbaum Williamson Martha , Mittal Prashant 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of community outreach efforts in promoting public education on the early warning signs of psychosis and in generating referrals for treatment during the prodromal stage of illness.Design/methodology/approachFive mental health centres across the United States implemented a community outreach model known as the Early Detection and Intervention for the Prevention of Psychosis Program (EDIPPP). A multi‐site evaluation was conducted to assess whether the model's outreach objectives could be achieved among replication sites in geographically and demographically diverse locations. The assessment included the analysis of data from three main sources: administrative data, structured qualitative interviews, and participant self‐report surveys.FindingsResults demonstrated that the outreach activities in all five sites resulted in increased awareness of participants about the early warning signs of psychosis, the availability of local treatment options and increased knowledge of the referral process. There were benefits of outreach participation regardless of whether the participant was a professional or non‐professional in the community. Additionally, outreach participants showed a significant increase in their likelihood to refer a young adult for a mental health evaluation.Originality/valueCommunity outreach can be an effective tool for mental health centres in developing a local network that can generate timely referrals for early intervention programmes and clinical research. Results also show that relatively brief community engagement efforts can significantly increase the knowledge and awareness of the public on complex mental health conditions where early detection may be integral to effective treatment.
Positive phenotypic correlations among life‐history traits remain in the absence of differential resource ingestion
Authors: Olijnyk Adriana M. , Nelson William A. 
Published: November 2012

Summary

A central tenet of life‐history theory states that individuals are constrained from maximizing all aspects of fitness simultaneously through negative correlations among life‐history traits, known as trade‐offs. Although evidence for trade‐offs is abundant, a surprising number of taxa reveal positive correlations where trade‐offs are expected.

Previous studies suggest two mechanisms to explain the lack of trade‐offs in situations where they are predicted by theory: differential resource acquisition and multidimensional trait constraints expressed in the presence of genetic variation. However, there is no direct empirical evidence supporting either hypothesis.

Using individuals from multiple genotypes of the cyclic parthenogenic freshwater zooplankton, Daphnia pulicaria, we conducted life‐history experiments that prevented two key aspects of these mechanisms from operating. The experiments were conducted under a range of resources from levels causing near‐starvation to levels of resource abundance yielding a mean clutch size of 4–5 eggs. Growth, reproduction and survival were measured for each individual.

Contrary to expectations, we found strong positive correlations among life‐history traits in the absence of both differential resource ingestion, which is one form of differential resource acquisition, and genetic variation. These positive correlations emerge from differential resource utilization, which is one of the steps along the resource ingestion‐utilization‐allocation pathway.

Our results demonstrate that strong positive correlations among life‐history traits emerge from variation among individuals in an underappreciated aspect of their energy budget. This alternative mechanism has different implications for understanding life‐history evolution, and reinforces the potential role that physiological ecology has in shaping life‐history trait correlations.