bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours: outcomes and adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Mousa Ahmad , Anson‐Cartwright Lynn , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Bedard Philippe , Jiang Di Maria , Glicksman Rachel , Chung Peter , Warde Padraig , O’Malley Martin , Prendeville Susan , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes and treatment burden of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (pRPLND) alone versus pRPLND + adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with pathological stage II (PSII) non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT).Patients and MethodsRetrospective review of the Princess Margaret Cancer Center eTestes cancer database identified patients with PSII NSGCT after pRPLND between 1995 and 2020. The primary outcome was relapse‐free survival (RFS). Secondary outcomes included disease‐specific survival (DSS), burden of relapse treatment, and factors associated with relapse.ResultsA total of 109 PSII patients were included in the study. There were 96 patients treated with pRPLND alone and 13 treated with pRPLND + AC. The median follow‐up was 61 months. The 5‐year RFS was 72% for the pRPLND‐only group vs 92% for the pRPLND + AC group (hazard ratio [HR] 4.372, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–32.36; P = 0.11). Within the pRPLND‐only group the 5‐year RFS differed by pN stage (pN1 = 94% vs pN2/N3 = 67%, P = 0.03). Despite a higher relapse rate within the pRPLND‐only group, the DSS was similar at 5 years (98% pRPLND only vs 100% pRPLND + AC, P = 0.48). Only 24 (25%) of the patients in the pRPLND‐only group required any subsequent chemotherapy. Despite achieving similar survival, the cumulative post‐RPLND treatment burden was less for the pRPLND‐only group than the pRPLND+AC group overall (average 1.23 vs 2.46 cycles of chemotherapy per patient in group).ConclusionThe majority of patients with PSII NSGCT treated with pRPLND alone do not experience a recurrence or require chemotherapy. Despite a lower relapse risk when AC is given, no difference in survival was seen but higher chemotherapy burden was entertained. AC may constitute overtreatment for most patients with PSII NSGCT treated with pRPLND.
Litigation claims in Urology in the UK National Health Service: an analysis of the trends, costs and causes over a 16‐year period
Authors: Tiwari Abhinav , Lane Jenni , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo analyse the litigation trends and the reasons for claims within the specialty of Urology, within the UK National Health Service (NHS), over a 16‐year period.Materials and MethodsData were requested from NHS Resolution under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. This included the total number of claims in Urology, the number of these that were successful (settled or closed), and the costs in damages paid out per financial year between 2006 and 2022. A breakdown of the successful claims by their primary cause was also collected. These were coded into the categories: ‘non‐operative’, ‘intraoperative’, ‘postoperative’, and ‘other’.ResultsA total of 4124 litigation claims were made between 2006 and 2022 and 60.9% (2511/4124) of these claims were successful. In all, £145 million (British pounds) was paid out in damages. The number of successful claims increased 2.9‐fold from the start to end of this 16‐year period, and the costs in damages paid out increased 10‐fold. Regarding primary causes for the successful claims, failure or delay in treatment (20.9%, 525/2511), failure or delay in diagnosis (14.5%, 364/2511), and intraoperative problems (9.1%, 229/2511) accounted for the highest proportion. Overall, non‐operative causes for successful claims accounted for 73.3% (1840/2511), intraoperative for 20.1% (504/2511), and postoperative for 3.9% (98/2511).ConclusionsThe number of successful urological litigation claims, and their associated costs is rising. The majority are due to non‐operative causes, which may be partially explained by NHS waiting lists alongside the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Topography influences the tree dynamics of a tropical dry forest in western Mexico
Authors: Arriaga‐Ramírez Alexis , Méndez‐Toribio Moisés , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo , Lopez‐Toledo Leonel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF's) drought risk driven by topography‐related factors determines vegetation structure, functional composition, and species diversity; however, the effect of slope aspect and topographic position on tree community dynamics are still poorly explored. In this paper, we studied the dynamics and structural attributes of the tree community of a Mexican SDTF. Plots were established in a combination of two topographic conditions: slope aspect (north/south) and topographic position (upper/middle/lower). Differences among these conditions were assessed through (i) community dynamics´ parameters, (ii) species dynamics, (iii) vegetation structure, and (iv) species diversity. We analyzed community attributes for each of our study years (2012–2020) and rates of change between this period for the entire community (DBH ≥1 cm), small‐sized trees (DBH ≤3 cm), and large‐sized trees (DBH >3 cm). Multivariate analyses were also used to examine the relationship between vegetation and topography. In upper positions, trees showed higher mortality (mean mr ± SE = 3.1 ± 0.2% yr − 1) and lower recruitment rates (mean rr ± SE = 6.3 ± 0.9% yr − 1) than those from the lower positions (mean mr ± SE = 1.7 ± 0.1% yr − 1; mean rr ± SE = 7.7 ± 0.7% yr − 1). The relative change (%) in the number of individuals for the entire community and small‐sized trees increased towards the lower positions. The entire community showed a temporary loss of stems on south‐facing slopes, but temporary gains in number of stems in lower positions for the small‐sized trees. We did not find any temporary changes in species diversity attributes. The drought risk gradient imposed by topographic position influences the tree dynamics with a higher mortality of stems/individuals towards upper positions, but species diversity was maintained.
Changes in Numbers of Glomerular Macrophages Between Two Consecutive Biopsies and the Association With Renal Transplant Graft Survival
Authors: Nasic Salmir , Mölne Johan , Eriksson Marie , Stegmayr Bernd , Afghahi Henri , Peters Björn 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMacrophages are involved in kidney transplants. The aim of the study was to investigate if changes exist in the levels of glomerular macrophage index (GMI) between two consecutive kidney transplant biopsies, and if so to determine their potential impact on graft survival.MethodsTwo consecutive biopsies were performed on the same renal graft in 623 patients. GMI was categorized into three GMI classes: ≤1.8 Low, 1.9–4.5 Medium, and ≥4.6 High. This division yielded nine possible switches between the first and second biopsies (Low‐Low, Low‐Medium, etc.). Cox‐regressions were used and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented.ResultsThe worst graft survival was observed in the High‐High group, and the best graft survival was observed in the Low‐Low and High‐Low groups. Compared to the High‐High group, a reduction of risk was observed in nearly all other decreasing groups (reductions between 65% and 80% of graft loss). After adjustment for covariates, the risk for graft‐loss was lower in the Low‐Low (HR = 0.24, CI 0.13–0.46), Low‐Medium (HR = 0.25, CI 0.11–0.55), Medium‐Low (HR = 0.29, CI 0.11–0.77), and the High‐Low GMI (HR = 0.31, CI 0.10–0.98) groups compared to the High‐High group as the reference.ConclusionsGMI may change dynamically, and the latest finding is of most prognostic importance. GMI should be considered in all evaluations of biopsy findings since high or increasing GMI levels are associated with shorter graft survival. Future studies need to consider therapeutic strategies to lower or maintain a low GMI. A high GMI besides a vague histological finding should be considered as a warning sign requiring more frequent clinical follow up.
Coexistence of large cell transformed mycosis fungoides and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in one patient
Authors: Rohan Thomas Z. , Suriano Jayson , Tekmen Volkan , Bhatti Safiyyah , Talasila Sahithi , Joffe Daniel , Holtmeyer Caleb , Lee Jason B. , Alpdogan Onder , Nikbakht Neda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The overall risk of developing DLBCL is increased in patients with other lymphomas, such as mycosis fungoides (MF). In this report, we present an 81‐year‐old female with early‐stage MF who simultaneously progressed to tumor stage, large‐cell transformed (LCT) MF and developed a primary DLBCL in a lymph node (LN). She presented with a tumor on her leg and new lymphadenopathy in her right axilla. Skin biopsy of the tumor revealed infiltration of large atypical CD3+, CD4+, and CD30+ cells, and a smaller portion of CD8+ cells in the dermis, consistent with LCT MF. Biopsy of the axillary LN revealed diffuse sheets of CD20+, BCL‐2+, c‐MYC+, and CD10− cells, highly suggestive of double expressor DLBCL. High‐throughput sequencing revealed monoclonal T cells in the skin tumor and a monoclonal B‐cell population in the LN. The above findings led to simultaneous diagnoses of LCT MF and nodal double expressor DLBCL. Our case demonstrates the importance of performing a full pathological workup in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma patients presenting with lymphadenopathy.
Asymptomatic CD34+ plaque on the scalp of a child
Authors: Nguyen Tue F. , Weiss Aeja , Maxon Emily , Browning John C. , Davis Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) is a rare, benign dermal mesenchymal lesion of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lineage. We report a case of a 2‐year‐old male who presented with an 18‐month history of an erythematous, asymptomatic, unchanging dermal plaque on the right medial frontal scalp. A punch biopsy showed a disorderly, bland, dermal fibroblastic spindle cell proliferation extending to the superficial subcutis. It stained positive for CD34, and concern for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was raised. However, FISH was negative for PDGFB rearrangement, and the constellation of findings was most consistent with FCTN. This case underscores the importance of distinguishing CD34+ mesenchymal tumors for both dermatologists and dermatopathologists. As these represent a rather diverse group of lesions with different biological behaviors, a knowledge of the differential diagnosis of these entities is critical for proper patient management.
Perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine: Perspectives of people with lived experience, family members and health workers
Authors: Kershaw Steph , Sunderland Matthew , Grager Anna , Birrell Louise , Deen Hannah , Newton Nicola C. , Stapinski Lexine A. , Champion Katrina E. , Kay‐Lambkin Frances , Teesson Maree , Chapman Cath 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionBarriers to help‐seeking for illicit drug use cross psychosocial (e.g., knowledge of where to seek help, attitudinal beliefs like being afraid of what people will think) and structural (e.g., service availability) domains. Along with people who use illicit drugs, it is important to consider the perspectives of other key groups who are often involved in the help‐seeking and recovery process. This study aimed to examine the perceived barriers to help‐seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine (‘ice’) among key groups (people who use crystal methamphetamine, families and friends, health workers) as well as the general community.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey open to all Australian residents (aged ≥18 years) was conducted November 2018–March 2019. Four key groups of interest were recruited to examine and compare perceived barriers to help‐seeking for crystal methamphetamine use.ResultsParticipants (n = 2108) included: people who use/have used crystal methamphetamine (n = 564, 39%), health workers (n = 288, 26.8%), affected family/friends (n = 434, 13.7%) and general community (n = 822, 20.6%). People who used crystal methamphetamine demonstrated increased odds of reporting attitudinal (OR 1.35; 1.02–1.80) or structural (OR 1.89; 1.09–3.27) barriers, or a previous negative help‐seeking experience (OR 2.27; 1.41–3.66) compared to knowledge barriers. Health workers demonstrated decreased odds of reporting attitudinal compared to knowledge barriers (OR 0.69; 0.50–0.95).Discussion and ConclusionsPerceived barriers to seeking help for crystal methamphetamine use differed among key groups involved in treatment and recovery. Acknowledging and addressing the mismatches between key groups, through targeted interventions may better support people to seek help for crystal methamphetamine use.
Wheelchair skills training improves power mobility and participation in young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Naaris Mari , Konings Marco , Ortibus Els , Monbaliu Elegast 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the effect of a 4‐week structured power wheelchair skills training programme (WSTP) intervention on mobility skills and participation in children and young people (CYP) with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a one‐group, repeated‐measures study; baseline, intervention, and retention phases, each lasting 4 weeks, were used. Twelve participants (three females, nine males) with a mean age of 15 years 11 months (SD = 3 years 6 months) classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V participated in the study. To be included in the study, individuals had to be aged 6 to 21 years and currently using a power wheelchair. Participants received 12 WSTP training sessions of 45 minutes, 3 times per week. Power mobility skills were assessed using the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) before baseline, before the intervention, after the intervention, and at the follow‐up; mobility‐related participation was assessed with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Generalized mixed models with Bonferroni correction were used to assess the differences between the assessment points (p < 0.05).ResultsStatistical analysis showed a 10.4% (12.5) increase in WST total scores (p < 0.001) after the intervention compared to before the intervention, and a 1‐point (0.9) increase in the COPM performance subdomain (p = 0.002).InterpretationPower mobility skills and mobility‐related participation improved after a 4‐week WSTP intervention in CYP with CP. Thus, task‐based power mobility skills training based on the WSTP, and in line with individualized needs and capabilities, taking place in a natural environment, should be recommended. Power mobility skills training needs to be structured and individualized; the training interventions must consider the individual, the task, and the environment.
Promoting inclusive university practices: Fostering diversity and dignity in doctoral supervision
Authors: Kohout‐Diaz Magdalena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article delves into doctoral supervision through the lens of inclusive transitions at the university. It aims to describe the complexity of the bond that forms between the supervisee and the supervisor, far from the bureaucratic practice of the academic environment. Based on self‐studies, the study reveals that the dialogue between the supervisee and the supervisor is unique and not reducible to control processes. This guidance, marked by various dilemmas, requires an ethic of openness to diversity, transforming academic practices. Inclusive supervision questions excessively academic (entitled) postures, fighting against discrimination and avoiding narcissistic pitfalls. The article further explores the vulnerability of the doctoral student, the dignity in focus, and new forms of discrimination and stigmatisation at the university. It provides a close look at unique journeys, shedding light on the human experience in the face of doctoral challenges, subtle forms of racism and the recurring theme of racism versus dignity. Drawing on Erving Goffman's work on stigma, this article also explores how these experiences of discrimination and racism can lead to stigmatisation, affecting the doctoral students' sense of self and their interactions within the academic environment. This perspective underscores the importance of fostering diversity and dignity in doctoral supervision, promoting inclusive university practices that respect and acknowledge each doctoral student's journey. It also emphasises the importance of understanding, and respect in the supervisory relationship, and the role these elements play in fostering a supportive academic environment.
The Kantian origin of Adorno's concept of metaphysical experience
Authors: Baghai Farshid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetaphysical experience is one of the most obscure concepts in Adorno's Negative Dialectics. The obscurity stems partly from the way in which metaphysical experience is antinomic. To describe the antinomic character of metaphysical experience, Adorno situates it in relation to Kant's first Critique. He distinguishes two conceptions of antinomy in the first Critique: first, the explicit conception of antinomy that the transcendental dialectic exposes and resolves; and second, the implicit conception of antinomy that remains insoluble and structures the first Critique and Adorno's own concept of metaphysical experience. Yet Adorno does not clarify what he means by the antinomic structure of the first Critique and how this structure underlies his own concept of metaphysical experience. Nor does the scholarship on Adorno. This article reconstructs Adorno's response to these questions, and, in so doing, demonstrates the Kantian origin of Adorno's concept of metaphysical experience in Negative Dialectics.
Electrodiagnostic subtyping in Guillain–Barré syndrome patients in the International Guillain–Barré Outcome Study
Authors: Arends Samuel , Drenthen Judith , de Koning Laura , van den Bergh Peter , Hadden Robert D. M. , Kuwabara Satoshi , Reisin Ricardo C. , Shahrizaila Nortina , Ajroud‐Driss Senda , Antonini Giovanni , Attarian Shahram , Balducci Claudia , Bertorini Tulio , Brannagan Thomas H. , Cavaletti Guido , Chao Chi‐Chao , Chavada Govind , Dillmann Klaus‐Ulrich , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Galassi Giuliana , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Gerardo , Harbo Thomas , Islam Badrul , Islam Zhahirul , Katzberg Hans , Kusunoki Susumu , Manganelli Fiore , Miller James A. L. , Pardo Julio , Pereon Yann , Rajabally Yusuf A. , Sindrup Soren , Stettner Mark , Uncini Antonino , Verhamme Camiel , Vytopil Michal , Waheed Waqar , Jacobs Bart C. , Cornblath David R. ,   The IGOS Consortium
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeVarious electrodiagnostic criteria have been developed in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Their performance in a broad representation of GBS patients has not been evaluated. Motor conduction data from the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) cohort were used to compare two widely used criterion sets and relate these to diagnostic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis criteria.MethodsFrom the first 1500 patients in IGOS, nerve conduction studies from 1137 (75.8%) were available for the current study. These patients were classified according to nerve conduction studies criteria proposed by Hadden and Rajabally.ResultsOf the 1137 studies, 68.3% (N = 777) were classified identically according to criteria by Hadden and Rajabally: 111 (9.8%) axonal, 366 (32.2%) demyelinating, 195 (17.2%) equivocal, 35 (3.1%) inexcitable and 70 (6.2%) normal. Thus, 360 studies (31.7%) were classified differently. The areas of differences were as follows: 155 studies (13.6%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally; 122 studies (10.7%) classified as demyelinating by Hadden and equivocal by Rajabally; and 75 studies (6.6%) classified as equivocal by Hadden and axonal by Rajabally. Due to more strictly defined cutoffs fewer patients fulfilled demyelinating criteria by Rajabally than by Hadden, making more patients eligible for axonal or equivocal classification by Rajabally. In 234 (68.6%) axonal studies by Rajabally the revised El Escorial (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) criteria were fulfilled; in axonal cases by Hadden this was 1.8%.Conclusions and discussionThis study shows that electrodiagnosis in GBS is dependent on the criterion set utilized, both of which are based on expert opinion. Reappraisal of electrodiagnostic subtyping in GBS is warranted.
The brown side of firm flexibility
Authors: El Ghoul Sadok , Guedhami Omrane , Saadi Samir , Sassi Syrine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing a sample of 24,321 firm‐year observations from 25 countries over the 2006–2021 period, we show that operating flexibility increases carbon emissions. This increase is due to to the efficiency and instability channels. The relation is stronger for firms where expansion flexibility outweighs contraction flexibility, and for focused and financially unconstrained firms. Cross‐country analyses indicate that the effect of flexibility on carbon emissions is more prominent in developed economies with superior institutional quality. In contrast to prior studies that highlight the beneficial consequences of operating flexibility, our findings expose its adverse effect on environmental performance.
Mechanism research on microRNA‐669f‐5p/deoxycytidylate deaminase axis mediating sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice
Authors: Zhong Yuan‐Ping , Zhang Chao , Zheng Xue , Chen Dong‐Qin , Fang Xu , Zhang Yu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of the microRNA (miRNA)‐669f‐5p/deoxycytidylate deaminase (Dctd) axis in sevoflurane inducing cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.MethodsSixty‐six C57BL/6J mice were used in the experiment model and were randomly divided into the sevoflurane group and the control group. The mice in the sevoflurane group were anesthetised with 3.4% sevoflurane, whereas those in the control group were air‐treated for the same period. The study was then performed using bioinformatics sequencing, as well as in vitro and in vivo validation.ResultsThe mice in the sevoflurane group showed significant cognitive impairments in terms of a decrease in both spatial learning and memory abilities. Experimental doses of miR‐669f‐5p agonist exhibited no obvious effect on cognitive function following sevoflurane inhalation, but inhibiting the expression of miR‐669f‐5p could alleviate the impairments. Based on the results of the bioinformatics sequencing, miR‐669f‐5p/Dctd and the toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway could be the key miRNA, gene and pathway leading to postoperative cognitive dysfunction following sevoflurane inhalation. The aged mice showed significantly increased expression of miR‐669f‐5p in the hippocampus following sevoflurane inhalation, and upregulating/inhibiting its expression could increase/decrease TLR expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, miR‐669f‐5p could reduce the expression of the Dctd gene by binding to its 3′untranslated region.ConclusionThe miR‐669f‐5p/Dctd axis plays an important role in sevoflurane inducing cognitive dysfunction in aged mice, providing a new direction for further development of therapeutic strategies concerning the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with sevoflurane anaesthesia.
Gender and orientation diversity in the family courts: A guide to terms and present issues
Authors: Currie Nathaniel , Simmons‐Horton Sherri , Burke Jack , Farley Rebecca , Olson‐Kennedy Aydin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFamily court systems sort, explore, and resolve many youth, couple, family, and community concerns and issues. Recognizing the vast diversity of all people, and thus the vast diversity of the concept of family, this article defines and discusses many of the ideas central to diversity, identity, and family. This resource can assist family court professionals in interpreting and applying LGBTQ+ family court research, helping to create a more robust awareness and ability to empower those who utilize family court and family support systems.