bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Market Structure of Professional Sports and the Implications for Stadium Construction and Team Movements
Authors: Baade Robert A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article explores the character of the commercial sports market, and how that unique structure affects the financing of sports facilities and the movement of teams. It also examines the extent to which individual team and league interests conflict, and the implications of such incompatibilities for league policy as it relates to the questions of facility financing and team relocation. Then, it argues that league policy as it relates to team movement and facility construction can be better understood through the application of game theory. New or significantly renovated playing facilities have substantially increased team revenues, and have provided impetus for franchise relocations from cities unwilling to subsidize the construction of the new generation of stadiums to communities that will. The structure of the professional sports industry has played a substantial role in determining the extent of stadium construction/renovation and team relocation.
The Compulsive-Impulsive Spectrum and Behavioral Addictions
Authors: Stein Dan J. , Harvey Brian A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Several models of psychopathology place constructs of compulsivity and impulsivity in diametric opposition. There are, however, a number of other models for conceptualizing the relationship between compulsive and impulsive psychopathology. Here we discuss some of the symptomatic overlap and distinctions between compulsive and impulsive disorders (addressing also the notion of behavioral addiction), review some of the underlying psychobiological mechanisms that may account for these overlaps and distinctions, and briefly consider the implications of this phenomenological and psychobiological work for management. Understanding the overlaps and distinctions between the compulsive and impulsive disorders may be useful for both research and clinical purposes. A range of other approaches to impulsivity may, however, also be useful. Both compulsivity and impulsivity are multidimensional constructs; further work is needed to delineate fully the nature of these dimensions and their underlying psychobiology.
Impulsivity and Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Hirschtritt Matthew E. , Potenza Marc N. , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Dual diagnosis, the co-occurrence of substance abuse and another psychiatric disorder, is common. There is evidence to suggest that impulsivity may serve as a common substrate for these comorbidities, despite behavioral and biochemical differences between disorders. This chapter describes common neurobiological and behavioral findings between individuals with high impulsivity and those with dual diagnosis. Specifically, we focus on the co-occurrence of substance abuse with schizophrenia, eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial and borderline personality disorders, and bipolar disorder. For each type of dual diagnosis, we review literature that provides empirical evidence for the presence of impulsivity and treatment recommendations. In this context, we propose a “bottom-up” conceptualization, in which clusters of co-occurring phenotypes are used to formulate diagnostic and clinical plans; such an approach may produce more homogeneous diagnostic groups than exist in the current system. Further, a bottom-up approach may reveal that dual-diagnosis disorders represent distinct groups that share a common factor of impulsivity.
Epidemiology and Phenomenology of Pathological Gambling
Authors: Clark Luke 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPathological gambling is an impulse control disorder (ICD) characterized by loss of control over gambling behavior. This chapter will describe the illness profile of pathological gambling. As well as summarizing the epidemiological data on the prevalence of pathological gambling and its associated comorbidities, I will also consider (1) the classificatory overlap between pathological gambling, the substance use disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder; (2) the emerging evidence for dimensional rather than categorical models of disordered gambling; and (3) some of the sources of hererogeneity among pathological gamblers, including the differences between common games. In the second part of the chapter, I will review several sets of psychological and neurobiological factors that are implicated in the etiology of pathological gambling, including the role of physiological arousal (“excitement”), conditioning influences, cognitive distortions, personality trait variables, and neuropsychological and neuroimaging markers. These mechanisms are often complementary, and a biopsychosocial theory of gambling will incorporate multiple levels of explanation.
The Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Coccaro Emil F. , Fava Maurizio , McLaughlin Katie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of impulsive, uncontrollable aggression out of proportion to the severity of provoking agents. Few epidemiological studies have been carried out on the prevalence and correlates of IED. Data are reported here from the most recent and largest of these studies: the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) and the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. These studies show that IED is a commonly occurring disorder that typically has an early age of onset, a persistent course, and strong comorbidity with a number of other usually secondary mental disorders. This disorder is almost twice as common among men as women. It is often associated with substantial distress and impairment. However, only a minority of people with IED obtain treatment for their uncontrollable anger. This combination of features makes IED an ideal target for early detection and intervention aimed at secondary prevention of anger attacks as well as primary prevention of secondary disorders.
Impulsivity and Drug Addiction: A Neurobiological Perspective
Authors: Robbins Trevor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA conceptual analysis of the impulsivity construct in behavioral and neurobiological terms is followed by an analysis of its causal role in certain forms of drug addiction in both human and animal studies. The main focus of this chapter is on a rat model of impulsivity based on premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time task and a more detailed characterization of this phenotype in neurobehavioral, neurochemical, and genetic terms. Evidence is surveyed that high impulsivity on this task is associated with the escalation subsequently of cocaine self-administration behavior and also with a tendency toward compulsive cocaine seeking. Novelty reactivity, by contrast, is associated with the enhanced acquisition of self-administration, but not with the escalation of intravenous self-administration of cocaine or the development of compulsive behavior associated with cocaine seeking. These results indicate that the vulnerability to stimulant addiction may depend on different factors, as expressed through distinct presumed endophenotypes. These observations help us further to dissociate various aspects of the impulsivity construct in neural as well as behavioral terms.
Impulsivity and Affective Regulation
Authors: Swann Alan C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractImpulsivity and affect share important neurobehavioral mechanisms. Impulsivity is a pattern of responses to stimuli without the ability to conform the responses to their context, usually representing either inability to adequately evaluate a stimulus before responding to it or inability to delay the response for a reward. Mechanisms underlying impulsivity overlap substantially with constructs like arousal, attention, motivation, and reward, which are also prominent in regulation of affect. Both impulsivity and affect share relationships with regulation of monoaminergic and amino acid transmitter function. For example, activity of the locus coeruleus is sensitive to unexpected, intense, noxious, or stress-related stimuli. Impulsivity and affective dysregulation are increased by exaggerated or poorly modulated responses in this system. The course of the illness interacts with context-dependent effects on behavior via behavioral sensitization. Repeated exposure to stressors, drugs of abuse, or endogenous norepinephrine release in affective episodes leads to behavioral sensitization with increased impulsivity, affective dysregulation, and substance use. Impulsivity predisposes to, and is increased by, behavioral sensitization. In this context, we discuss impulsivity in depressive, manic, anxious, and mixed states, including suicidal behavior and characteristics of the course of illness that are related to behavioral sensitization.
Assessment and Treatment of Compulsive Buying
Authors: Mueller Astrid , Mitchell James E. , Peterson Lisa A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCompulsive buying disorder (CBD) affects a significant percentage of those in the general population. However, CBD has not received as much attention with regard to research and training providers in its assessment and treatment as other psychiatric disorders. Formal diagnostic criteria have been put forth, and there are a variety of assessment instruments for evaluating buying behavior using both questionnaire and interview formats. Based on the literature to date, it appears that disorder-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy has been most successful in treating those with CBD. Treatment providers should also be aware that mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and compulsive hoarding often accompany CBD and complicate its treatment, and these disorders should be addressed within the treatment paradigm. Further research is needed to define barriers to motivation for change and treatment compliance among individuals with CBD, as well as factors associated with both positive and negative treatment outcomes.
Impulse Control Disorders in Neurological Settings
Authors: Bechara Antoine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis chapter will argue that impulse control disorders, including addiction, are the product of an imbalance between two separate but interacting neural systems: (1) an impulsive amygdala-striatum–dependent neural system that promotes automatic and habitual behaviors and (2) a reflective prefrontal cortex–dependent neural system for decision making, forecasting the future consequences of a behavior, and inhibitory control. The reflective system controls the impulsive system via several mechanisms. However, this control is not absolute; hyperactivity within the impulsive system can override the reflective system. While most prior research has focused on the impulsive system (especially the ventral striatum and its mesolimbic dopamine projection) in promoting the motivation and drive to seek drugs, or on the reflective system (prefrontal cortex) and its mechanisms for decision making and impulse control, more recent evidence suggests that a largely overlooked structure, namely the insula, plays a key role in maintaining poor impulse control, including addiction. This review highlights the potential functional role the insula plays in addiction. We propose that the insula translates bottom-up, interoceptive signals into what subjectively may be experienced as an urge or craving, which in turn potentiates the activity of the impulsive system and/or weakens or hijacks the goal-driven cognitive resources that are needed for the normal operation of the reflective system.
Impulsivity in Adolescents
Authors: Reynolds Elizabeth K. , Mayes Linda C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Adolescence is the time between the beginning of sexual maturation and adulthood, typically bounded by the ages of 13 to 19 years. One construct that holds a central place in many theories of development and psychopathology is impulsivity. Impulsivity has been considered to play an important role in normal behavior as well as linked to several problematic behaviors that are present or arise during adolescence. Impulsivity, considered to be a multidimensional construct, has been defined and measured in a variety of ways. This chapter will discuss the definitions of impulsivity, measurement (including self-report and behavioral tasks), developmental course, behaviors and disorders in which it is implicated, and future directions.
Archaeology and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Parks Shoshaunna , McAnany Patricia A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the present relationship between indigenous people and archaeology in Mesoamerica, with an emphasis on the Maya region. It provides a brief analysis of the historical and political conditions that have contributed to the disenfranchisement of indigenous peoples from the ancient past. It also looks at recent interactions among stakeholders in the investigation, interpretation, and management of Mesoamerican archaeological heritage.
The Origins of Food Production in Mesoamerica
Authors: Piperno Dolores R. , Smith Bruce D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMexico, along with the remainder of Mesoamerica in smaller part, formed one of the world's great centers for the independent development of agriculture. Dozens of crop plants were brought under cultivation and domesticated there in the prehistoric era. They include the most famous crop of the Americas, maize ( Zea mays); two species of squash ( Cucurbita pepo and C. argyrosperma); the common bean and small-seeded (sieva) lima bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris and P. lunatus [sieva type]); the pseudocereals Amaranthus and Chenopodium; avocados ( Persea Americana); at least one species of chile pepper ( Capsicum annuum); and a number of important tree crops, including Leucaena spp. (the guajes) and Spondias purpurea (the hog plum). Plant cultivation and domestication in both the highlands and tropical lowlands emerged during the early Holocene period. This article discusses the available information in more detail.
Cultural Evolution in the Southern Highlands of Mexico
Authors: Elson Christina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOaxaca formed the core of a distinct zone within Mesoamerica often called the southern highlands. Covering some 2,000 square kilometers, the Oaxaca Valley is the geographic center of and largest open area in the southern highlands. At the valley's center sits Monte Albán, one of Mesoamerica's earliest urban settlements. North and west of the Oaxaca Valley lies the Mixteca Alta, a region dotted with numerous small valleys that measure in the low hundreds of square kilometers. A third region of importance is Lower Río Verde. The Río Verde River valley on the Pacific Coast is created by the confluence of the Verde and Atoyac rivers that drain the Mixteca Alta and Oaxaca Valley. This article summarizes research in these three regions and describes the emergence of ranked societies and the formation of states.
Agricultural Land Use and Intensification
Authors: Scarborough Vernon L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAgricultural intensification is the process whereby land-use activity is heightened through an increase in production on a plot. Production can be stimulated by an increase in the amount or kind of labor invested, the incorporation of crops that yield more food or fiber, or the use of a novel technology. In Mesoamerica, few “technological breakthroughs” precipitated change, rather the developmental trajectory for intensification was based on labor allocation and slow advances in the amount of food potentially harvested by an evolving process of plant domestication—principally maize. This article discusses agricultural intensification in West Mexico, Central Highland Mexico, the Valley of Oaxaca, and the Maya lowlands.
Colonial Documents
Authors: Douglas Eduardo de Jesús 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses colonial Mesoamerican documents. After 1521, the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica became subjects of the Spanish king, thereby coming into contact with European cultural, economic, political, social, and technological practices. New forms of writing and record keeping as well as types of mundane and literary texts entered the Mesoamerican repertoire, eventually displacing the traditions of iconic script (“picture writing”) inherited from the prehispanic past, which indigenous painter-scribes sustained and transformed throughout the first colonial century. Colonial Mesoamerican documents may be broadly but not categorically defined as private or public and nonofficial or official. The study and publication of Mesoamerican colonial documents began in the nineteenth century, as scholars combed archives, libraries, and private collections for primary sources relating to the history of Spanish America.
Landscape Change in the Maya Region, 1450–1910 ad
Authors: Alexander Rani T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLandscape transformations are at the heart of archaeological debate over whether native cultural practices in the Maya region survived the Spanish invasion. This article examines landscape change in the Maya region using the theoretical lens of historical ecology. It compares two trajectories of change: the period from 1450 to 1750, marked by the upheavals of conquest, demographic decline, and economic contraction; and the period from 1750 to 1910, marked by the transition from colonial to postcolonial political regimes, demographic growth, and economic expansion. The archaeological record reveals shifts in political-economic structures, agrarian ecology, the production of commodities for the world market, and negotiations of native cultural autonomy for communities and regions rarely mentioned in the documentary record.
The Four Types of Capitalism, Innovation, and Economic Growth
Authors: Baumol William J. , Litan Robert E. , Schramm Carl J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article emphasizes capitalist economies' main contribution to the general welfare: economic growth far exceeding that achieved by any other economic system throughout history. It classifies capitalist economies into four categories: oligarchic capitalism, state-guided capitalism, big-firm capitalism, and entrepreneurial capitalism. It argues that all but the first category play a significant role in the growth process. State guidance has been successful in releasing economies initially mired in stagnancy and in a number of dramatic cases has managed to inaugurate a process of substantial growth. In several instances, economies dominated by large and actively innovative firms have stimulated remarkable economic performances by the countries in which they are based. The same can be said of economies in which entrepreneurial activity plays a key role.
Introduction
Authors: Cumming Douglas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of private equity, which typically refers to the asset class of companies' equity securities that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange. It studies the private equity industry and the number of private equity investments. The rest of this article provides a summary of work that provides more information on the various features of private equity, such as its role in private acquisitions and the private equity contract. Several graphs on the private equity investments made in the United States, capital overhang for private equity funds, and the holding period from buyout to exit are also included.
Leveraged Buyouts and Public-to-Private Transactions
Authors: Renneboog Luc 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes leveraged buyouts and public-to-private (PTP) transactions. It studies the literature and data on announcement returns for public-to-private transactions and considers their motives. It lists the types of firms that go private, as well as the determinants of takeover premiums in leveraged buyout transactions. It also studies posttransaction value creation and the duration of private status, and views the shift to a private firm as a form of shock therapy that is used to restructure firms that create both strong short- and long-term returns. This article also addresses the questions of whether PTP transactions lead to superior organization forms compared to public firms or not.
The Costs of Issuing Private Versus Public Equity for Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Carpentier Cécile , L'Her Jean-François , Suret Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the way small Canadian listed firms discriminate between competing selling devices to lessen their issuance costs. It studies the choice between private placements (PPs) and public seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) for entrepreneurial firms that can decide between these two types of financing. It also examines the institutional setting in the Canadian context and notes its differences from the one that is described in most private investment in public equity (PIPE) studies. One section identifies the two primary constituents of the costs of private and public equity issues and the factors that potentially influence them. This article also provides data and descriptive statistics that are related to Canadian equity issuers.
Listed Private Equity: A Genuine Alternative for an Alternative Asset Class
Authors: Huss Matthias , Zimmermann Heinz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article takes a look at the development of listed private equity funds and the empirical data that shows the performance of the asset class. It shows that while the idea of listed private equity is not new, it is still relatively unfamiliar to academics and investors alike. It identifies some of the challenges posed by traditional private equity, and then demonstrates how listed private equity deals with—and somehow resolves—some limitations. This article also discusses asset allocation, investment activities in listed private equity, and private equity indices.
Introduction
Authors: Cumming Douglas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article begins with definitions of the terms “venture capital” and “private equity.” It then sets out the purpose of the book, which is to provide a comprehensive picture of all of the issues dealing with the structure, governance, and performance of venture capital. It presents data to Q3 2010 from Pitchbook that shows the current state of the venture capital industry in the United States, in order to demonstrate the massive boom and bust in recent times.
Corporate Venture Capital in the Twenty-First Century: an Integral Part of Firms' Innovation Toolkit
Authors: Dushnitsky Gary 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article reviews the academic literature on corporate venture capital (CVC), that is, minority equity investments by established corporations in privately held entrepreneurial ventures. The article is organized as follow. It starts with a detailed definition of corporate venture capital, its historical background, and an extensive review of investment patterns. Next it discusses the corporate venture capital literature, with an emphasis on rigorous empirical studies published in leading academic journals. It reviews firms' objectives through the governance of their CVC programs and the relationships with the portfolio companies, and examines the interactions between CVC investment and other firm activities (e.g., alliances and M&A) as well as other entities (e.g., independent venture capital funds). The performance of the parent corporations, entrepreneurial ventures, and CVC programs is summarized next. The article concludes with directions for future research.