bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Life of a Text: A Brief History of the Liji 禮記 (Rites Records) and Its Transmission
Authors: Liu Yucai , Habberstad Luke 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article surveys the compilation and transmission of the Liji (Rites Records), one of the San li 三禮 (Three Rites texts) and a key source for classical ritual practice and theory. Drawing upon accounts in early texts and the latest secondary scholarship, the article traces the emergence of the Liji from the world of ritual specialists during Warring States, Qin, and Han times, as well as the complicated manuscript culture of early China. The article emphasizes that no single author composed the Liji, nor does the text offer a unified vision of ritual. This composite nature of the text suggests that its compilers drew upon a wide range of sources, which only enhances the value of the Liji as a source for early ritual. The article then moves on to trace the history of the Liji's transmission through written versions on bamboo and silk, carved stelae, paper, and finally printed editions. As with all early texts, the advent of printing signified a major rupture in the transmission of the Liji. The article traces in some detail the sources that printers drew upon when they produced the first printed versions of the Liji, starting from the Song period. Finally, the article concludes with an appendix listing the major commentaries, studies, and translations of the Liji.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Atypical 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-Bile Acids in Patients with 3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-Steroid Oxidoreductase Deficiency: Application to Diagnosis and Monitoring of Bile Acid Therapeutic Response
Authors: Zhang Wujuan , Jha Pinky , Wolfe Brian , Gioiello Antimo , Pellicciari Roberto , Wang Jianshe , Heubi James , Setchell Kenneth D R 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUND3β-Hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase (HSD3B7) deficiency, a progressive cholestatic liver disease, is the most common genetic defect in bile acid synthesis. Early diagnosis is important because patients respond to oral primary bile acid therapy, which targets the negative feedback regulation for bile acid synthesis to reduce the production of hepatotoxic 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acids. These atypical bile acids are highly labile and difficult to accurately measure, yet a method for accurate determination of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acid sulfates is critical for dose titration and monitoring response to therapy.METHODSWe describe a electrospray ionization LC-MS/MS method for the direct measurement of atypical 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acid sulfates in urine from patients with HSD3B7 deficiency that overcomes the deficiencies of previously used GC-MS methods.RESULTSSeparation of sulfated 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acids was achieved by reversed-phase HPLC in a 12-min analytical run. The mean (SE) urinary concentration of the total 3β-sulfated-Δ5-cholenoic acids in patients with HSD3B7 deficiency was 4650 (1711) μmol/L, approximately 1000-fold higher than in noncholestatic and cholestatic patients with intact primary bile acid synthesis. GC-MS was not reliable for measuring 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acid sulfates; however, direct analysis of urine by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry yielded meaningful semiquantitative assessment of urinary excretion.CONCLUSIONSThe tandem mass spectrometry method described here for the measurement of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-bile acid sulfates in urine can be applied to the diagnosis and accurate monitoring of responses to primary bile acid therapy in HSD3B7 patients.
Two Routes to Genetic Suppression of RNA Trimethylguanosine Cap Deficiency via C-Terminal Truncation of U1 snRNP Subunit Snp1 or Overexpression of RNA Polymerase Subunit Rpo26
Authors: Qiu Zhicheng R , Schwer Beate , Shuman Stewart 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The trimethylguanosine (TMG) caps of small nuclear (sn) RNAs are synthesized by the enzyme Tgs1 via sequential methyl additions to the N2 atom of the m7G cap. Whereas TMG caps are inessential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae vegetative growth at 25° to 37°, tgs1∆ cells that lack TMG caps fail to thrive at 18°. The cold-sensitive defect correlates with ectopic stoichiometric association of nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) with the residual m7G cap of the U1 snRNA and is suppressed fully by Cbc2 mutations that weaken cap binding. Here, we show that normal growth of tgs1∆ cells at 18° is also restored by a C-terminal deletion of 77 amino acids from the Snp1 subunit of yeast U1 snRNP. These results underscore the U1 snRNP as a focal point for TMG cap function in vivo. Casting a broader net, we conducted a dosage suppressor screen for genes that allowed survival of tgs1∆ cells at 18°. We thereby recovered RPO26 (encoding a shared subunit of all three nuclear RNA polymerases) and RPO31 (encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase III) as moderate and weak suppressors of tgs1∆ cold sensitivity, respectively. A structure-guided mutagenesis of Rpo26, using rpo26∆ complementation and tgs1∆ suppression as activity readouts, defined Rpo26-(78-155) as a minimized functional domain. Alanine scanning identified Glu89, Glu124, Arg135, and Arg136 as essential for rpo26∆ complementation. The E124A and R135A alleles retained tgs1∆ suppressor activity, thereby establishing a separation-of-function. These results illuminate the structure activity profile of an essential RNA polymerase component.
Transcriptional Response to Acute Thermal Exposure in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Determined by RNAseq
Authors: Tomalty Katharine M H , Meek Mariah H , Stephens Molly R , Rincón Gonzalo , Fangue Nann A , May Bernie P , Baerwald Melinda R 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThermal exposure is a serious and growing challenge facing fish species worldwide. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) living in the southern portion of their native range are particularly likely to encounter warmer water due to a confluence of factors. River alterations have increased the likelihood that juveniles will be exposed to warm water temperatures during their freshwater life stage, which can negatively impact survival, growth, and development and pose a threat to dwindling salmon populations. To better understand how acute thermal exposure affects the biology of salmon, we performed a transcriptional analysis of gill tissue from Chinook salmon juveniles reared at 12° and exposed acutely to water temperatures ranging from ideal to potentially lethal (12° to 25°). Reverse-transcribed RNA libraries were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform and a de novo reference transcriptome was created. Differentially expressed transcripts were annotated using Blast2GO and relevant gene clusters were identified. In addition to a high degree of downregulation of a wide range of genes, we found upregulation of genes involved in protein folding/rescue, protein degradation, cell death, oxidative stress, metabolism, inflammation/immunity, transcription/translation, ion transport, cell cycle/growth, cell signaling, cellular trafficking, and structure/cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate the complex multi-modal cellular response to thermal stress in juvenile salmon.
Composite Selection Signals for Complex Traits Exemplified Through Bovine Stature Using Multibreed Cohorts of European and African Bos taurus
Authors: Randhawa Imtiaz A S , Khatkar Mehar S , Thomson Peter C , Raadsma Herman W 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Understanding the evolution and molecular architecture of complex traits is important in domestic animals. Due to phenotypic selection, genomic regions develop unique patterns of genetic diversity called signatures of selection, which are challenging to detect, especially for complex polygenic traits. In this study, we applied the composite selection signals (CSS) method to investigate evidence of positive selection in a complex polygenic trait by examining stature in phenotypically diverse cattle comprising 47 European and 8 African Bos taurus breeds, utilizing a panel of 38,033 SNPs genotyped on 1106 animals. CSS were computed for phenotypic contrasts between multibreed cohorts of cattle by classifying the breeds according to their documented wither height to detect the candidate regions under selection. Using the CSS method, clusters of signatures of selection were detected at 26 regions (9 in European and 17 in African cohorts) on 13 bovine autosomes. Using comparative mapping information on human height, 30 candidate genes mapped at 12 selection regions (on 8 autosomes) could be linked to bovine stature diversity. Of these 12 candidate gene regions, three contained known genes (i.e., NCAPG-LCORL, FBP2-PTCH1, and PLAG1-CHCHD7) related to bovine stature, and nine were not previously described in cattle (five in European and four in African cohorts). Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of CSS coupled with strategies of combining multibreed datasets in the identification and discovery of genomic regions underlying complex traits. Characterization of multiple signatures of selection and their underlying candidate genes will elucidate the polygenic nature of stature across cattle breeds.
Multiple Conserved Heteroplasmic Sites in tRNA Genes in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Terrestrial Isopods (Oniscidea)
Authors: Chandler Christopher H , Badawi Myriam , Moumen Bouziane , Grève Pierre , Cordaux Richard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMitochondrial genome structure and organization are relatively conserved among metazoans. However, in many isopods, especially the terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea), the mitochondrial genome consists of both ∼14-kb linear monomers and ∼28-kb circular dimers. This unusual organization is associated with an ancient and conserved constitutive heteroplasmic site. This heteroplasmy affects the anticodon of a tRNA gene, allowing this single locus to function as a “dual” tRNA gene for two different amino acids. Here, we further explore the evolution of these unusual mitochondrial genomes by assembling complete mitochondrial sequences for two additional Oniscidean species, Trachelipus rathkei and Cylisticus convexus. Strikingly, we find evidence of two additional heteroplasmic sites that also alter tRNA anticodons, creating additional dual tRNA genes, and that are conserved across both species. These results suggest that the unique linear/circular organization of isopods’ mitochondrial genomes may facilitate the evolution of stable mitochondrial heteroplasmies, and, conversely, once such heteroplasmies have evolved, they constrain the multimeric structure of the mitochondrial genome in these species. Finally, we outline some possible future research directions to identify the factors influencing mitochondrial genome evolution in this group.
Postdischarge Phone Calls After Pediatric Hospitalization: An Observational Study
Authors: Heath Jonathon , Dancel Ria , Stephens John R. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives:Difficulties with transition from inpatient to outpatient care can lead to suboptimal outcomes for patients. We implemented a protocol for systematic follow-up phone calls to families of pediatric patients after discharge, primarily to improve care transition. We also hypothesized that the phone calls would decrease readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits after discharge and improve patient satisfaction.Methods:We conducted a quasi-experimental study examining the impact of routinely making follow-up phone calls, compared with historical control discharges. We implemented standardized attending physician phone calls to families of all patients discharged from a general pediatric hospitalist service. Calls were made within 72 hours of discharge to assess problems with transition. Charts were reviewed for documentation of difficulty with the care transition, 14-day and 30-day readmissions, ED visits, and Press-Ganey satisfaction scores. All results in the 12 months after the intervention were compared with the preceding12 months.Results:We reached 78% of all patients’ families by phone after discharge. Of the families reached, 19.9% needed an issue addressed, half of which were medication related. There were improvements in 14-day and 30-day readmissions and 14-day ED visit rates, as well as improvement in patient satisfaction scores, but none of these results reached statistical significance.Conclusions:Standardized, physician-performed, postdischarge phone calls identified frequent patient care issues related to difficulties with inpatient to outpatient transition, many of which were medication related. However, our study was underpowered to detect a statistically significant correlation with changes in readmission rates, ED visits, or patient satisfaction.
Effect of Timing of Psychiatry Consultation on Length of Pediatric Hospitalization and Hospital Charges
Authors: Bujoreanu Simona , White Matthew T. , Gerber Bradley , Ibeziako Patricia 
Published: May 2015

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of timing of a psychiatry consultation during pediatric hospitalization on length of hospital stay and total hospitalization charges.

Methods:
The charts of 279 pediatric patients (totaling 308 consultations) referred to the psychiatry consultation liaison service at a freestanding tertiary pediatric hospital between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The variables analyzed included the following: patient demographic characteristics; dates of admission, psychiatric consultation, and discharge; psychiatric diagnoses based on the psychiatric diagnostic evaluation; psychiatric treatment disposition; and illness severity and total charges associated with the medical stay.

Results:
Earlier psychiatry consultation was associated with shorter length of stay and lower hospitalization charges after adjusting for psychiatric functioning, physical illness severity, and psychiatric disposition. Poorer psychiatric functioning and milder physical illness were associated with shorter referral time.

Conclusions:
Timely involvement of psychiatry consultation services during a medical or surgical hospitalization was associated with reductions in length of stay and total hospital charges in pediatric settings. These findings have important effects on quality of care via decreasing burden on the patient and family and on the medical system resources. Educating pediatric health care providers about the importance of early psychiatry consultation regardless of physical illness severity or psychiatric acuity will likely improve resource management for patients and hospitals.
Is Secondhand Smoke Exposure Associated With Increased Exacerbation Severity Among Children Hospitalized for Asthma?
Authors: Andrews Annie L. , Shirley Nils , Ojukwu Elizabeth , Robinson Michelle , Torok Michelle , Wilson Karen M. 
Published: May 2015

Objective:
To determine the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and length of stay (LOS) and other exacerbation severity indicators in children hospitalized for asthma.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review at 2 children’s hospitals. Patients aged 2 to 18 hospitalized for asthma in 2012 were included. Outcome variables included LOS, PICU, magnesium, and intravenous (IV) steroids. Bivariate analysis determined differences between SHS-exposed and non–SHS-exposed groups. Geometric means were used for LOS to account for skewed distribution. Logistic and zero-truncated negative binomial regression models were used to determine the independent association between SHS exposure and hospitalization severity indicators.

Results:
A total of 623 patients were included; 41% reported SHS exposure. Mean LOS was 47.5 hours. In the SHS-exposed group, LOS was 50.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 46.7–54.0) and in the nonexposed group it was 45.8 (95% CI 43.4–48.4) (P = .02). In regression analysis, institution modified the effect of SHS exposure on LOS. At Children’s Hospital Colorado, SHS exposure was associated with a 20% increase in LOS (incidence rate ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3). At the Medical University of South Carolina, there was no significant association. SHS-exposed patients were more likely to receive IV steroids (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.3)

Conclusions:
Among children hospitalized for asthma, we identified a significant association at 1 institution between SHS exposure and LOS and found that IV steroid use was significantly associated with LOS at both institutions. Eliminating SHS exposure among children with asthma is important.
Squamata, Serpentes, Micrurus silviae Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins and Silva, 2007: presence confirmation in Paraguay
Authors: Cacciali Pier , Espínola Daniel , Viñales Silvia Centrón , Espínola Irene Gauto , Cabral Hugo 
Published: May 2015

Micrurus silviae is a coralsnake with a triadal pattern, and is one of the eight species found in southern South America. In Paraguay there are six taxa recorded: M. altirostris, M. baliocoryphus, M. frontalis, M. pyrrhocryptus, M. corallinus, and M. lemniscatus carvalhoi. Here we present a record of M. silviae, an additional and seventh species for the country. Previously M. silviae was known only from Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil. The specimen was found in South American Mesopotamian Grasslands ecoregion, with natural grassland in the Department of Itapúa.
Lenzini Steel: The Impact of Transfer Pricing and Taxes on International Operations
Authors: Cripe Bradrick M. , Harmon Anthony , West Timothy D. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Lenzini Steel is an inter-disciplinary case that uses four inter-company transactions (ICTs) to demonstrate how the cost/managerial concept of transfer pricing can impact financial and/or tax disclosures on an international stage. The goal is to strengthen students' managerial/cost accounting, tax, and/or financial accounting skills by asking them to examine a transfer pricing case from the different technical perspectives. The case tells the story of an Italian parent company with significant cash flow inflexibility. It needs an infusion of cash from its U.S.-based subsidiary to remain viable, while limiting tax exposure. Students may face any or all of these issues: (1) How can the parent company best obtain the cash it so urgently needs? (2) What are the tax consequences of management's decisions to obtain this cash? (3) What are the financial accounting implications of these decisions? (4) How will they communicate potentially bad news? When using the case, instructors can use an integrated approach (consider cost/managerial, financial, and tax accounting issues), or focus on the learning objectives that most align with their course. The case has been successfully used with M.Acc., M.B.A., and E.M.B.A. students to demonstrate the implications of management's transfer pricing decisions, the impact of judgment in critical thinking, and how problem solving represents leadership.
Effect of cardiac and respiratory cycles on vertebral heart score measured on fluoroscopic images of healthy dogs
Authors: Olive Julien , Javard Romain , Specchi Swan , Bélanger Marie-Claude , Bélanger Catherine , Beauchamp Guy , Alexander Kate 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To assess the variability in vertebral heart score (VHS) measurement induced by cardiac and respiratory cycles in dogs.
Design—Prospective observational study.
Animals—14 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs underwent fluoroscopic examination by 4 observers, and VHS was measured at end-tidal inspiration and end-tidal expiration during end systole and end diastole in left and right lateral recumbency. Mean VHS was compared within and among cardiac and respiratory phases and recumbency type, and correlation between VHS and heart rate was investigated. Interobserver variability was assessed.
Results—Mean VHS for each combination of respiratory and cardiac cycle was larger on images obtained in right lateral versus left lateral recumbency. The greatest differences were observed between VHS measured in the diastolic inspiratory phase (mean ± SD, 10.59 ± 0.49 vertebral units [VU] and 10.35 ± 0.50 VU for right and left lateral recumbency, respectively) and the systolic expiratory phase (10.11 ± 0.37 VU and 9.92 ± 0.50 VU for right and left lateral recumbency, respectively). The combination of respiratory and cardiac cycles induced a maximal difference in VHS of up to 0.97 VU and 1.11 VU in the inspiratory and expiratory phases, respectively. Heart rate was not correlated with the difference between VHS in systolic and diastolic phases.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinicians should be aware of the potential influence of these factors when assessing VHS in dogs; in addition to allowing optimal pulmonary assessment, consistently taking radiographs at end-inspiratory tidal volume may help to limit VHS variability attributable to the respiratory cycle. Further research is needed to assess the effects of cardiac and respiratory phases on VHS in dogs with cardiac or respiratory disease.
Laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty in a ram
Authors: Daniel Alexander J. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Holt Timothy N. , Huhn John C. , Hackett Eileen S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-month-old Hampshire ram underwent open right inguinal herniorrhaphy and unilateral castration following herniation that developed after a kick injury. Seven months later, the ram was reevaluated because of scrotal swelling of 1 month's duration as well as suspected left inguinal hernia.
Clinical Findings—The ram had marked scrotal swelling. Palpation of the left testicle revealed no abnormalities. Ultrasonographic examination revealed heterogenous tissue within the cranial and medial portions of the scrotum with pronounced accumulation of hypoechoic fluid at the scrotal apex. Examination findings indicated left-sided indirect inguinal herniation of omentum.
Treatment and Outcome—To preserve fertility, left inguinal hernioplasty without castration was performed. The ram was anesthetized and placed in dorsal recumbency, and laparoscopic abdominal evaluation revealed omental entrapment within the left inguinal ring. The omentum was removed, and a polypropylene mesh was secured over the internal inguinal ring with an articulating hernia stapler. Following mesh placement, a dorsally based peritoneal flap was elevated and secured over the mesh repair. The ram recovered well from surgery; there was no repeated herniation following the surgical correction, and the ram was able to breed successfully without complication.
Clinical Relevance—Laparoscopic mesh hernioplasty can be successful in rams with inguinal hernias when preservation of fertility is preferred.
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Lee Matt , Hazle Charles 
Published: May 2015

The patient was a 51-year-old man who was evaluated by a physical therapist for a chief complaint of right hip pain. The patient was treated with a single bout of nonthrust hip joint mobilizations, but due to the patient's atypical response and long-term use of oral corticosteroid medications, he was referred to his primary care physician. Radiographs and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings that were characteristic of avascular necrosis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):425. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.0405