bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the hydrophilic head size and hydrophobic tail length of surfactants on the ability of micelles to stabilize citral
Authors: Hong Chi Rac , Park Sung Joon , Choi Seung Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurfactant‐made micelles can control the rate of chemical degradation of poorly water‐soluble food flavors. To evaluate how the molecular structure of surfactant has an influence on the chemical decomposition rate of citral, micelles were prepared with polyoxyethylene alkyl ether‐type surfactants that had similar molecular structures but various hydrophilic head sizes and hydrophobic tail lengths.RESULTSAt a critical 20× micelle concentration of surfactant, there was no significant difference in the chemical degradation rate of citral in micelles in neutral pH, regardless of the hydrophilic head size or hydrophobic tail length. In an acidic environment, the degradation rate constant of citral generally increased proportionally with increasing hydrophilic head size of surfactant (0.1563 and 0.2217 for surfactants with 23 and 100 oxyethylene units, respectively) but the length of hydrophobic tail did not affect the citral stability. Also, little difference (0.2217 and 0.2265 for surfactant having 100 oxyethylene units with and without Fe3+) in degradation rate constant of citral between simple micellar solution and micellar solution containing iron suggested that iron ions could not accelerate citral degradation in micelles, regardless of the form of iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+).CONCLUSIONThis work concludes that although the concentration of surfactant could be relevant, if its concentration could be controlled in the same manner as the critical micelle concentration, then a polyethylene alkyl ether‐type surfactant with a small hydrophilic head could more efficiently stabilize citral at an acidic pH. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Female sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: Results of a survey among Dutch urologists and patients
Authors: Scheepe Jeroen R. , Alamyar Mustafa , Pastoor Hester , Hintzen Rogier Q. , Blok Bertil F.M. 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in one of the leading MS centers in the Netherlands. Furthermore, we evaluated the practice patterns of members of the Dutch Urological Association (DUA) with respect to FSD.MethodsA self‐administered Web‐based questionnaire for physicians was mailed to all 467 members of the DUA. The questions covered different topics in female sexuality. For the patient survey the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used.ResultsThe response rate of the physicians survey was 42% (n = 194). Sixty‐one percent of the responders reported to ask their female patients about their sexual function. Thirty‐nine percent of the physicians did not ask their patients about sexuality. The majority indicated that they lacked knowledge on FSD or found discussing sexuality not relevant for their practice.The response rate of the patient survey was 28% (n = 85). According to the FSFI questionnaire 32% of the sexually active MS patients experienced FSD. Women with FSD scored low on all subdomains of the FSFI questionnaire. In particular, desire, arousal, lubrication, and the ability to achieve orgasm were affected.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FSD in MS patients in our center is about 32%. Overall, many members of the DUA do not screen for sexual dysfunction in female patients because of lack of knowledge on FSD. Better and more structured education of urologists and residents in urology on FSD in The Netherlands is urgently needed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:116–120, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strain gradient stabilization with dual stress points for the meshfree nodal integration method in inelastic analyses
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Tang , Chi Sheng‐Wei , Koishi Masataka , Wu Youcai 
Published: October 2015

SummaryA nonlinear nodal‐integrated meshfree Galerkin formulation based on recently proposed strain gradient stabilization (SGS) method is developed for large deformation analysis of elastoplastic solids. The SGS is derived from a decomposed smoothed displacement field and is introduced to the standard variational formulation through the penalty method for the inelastic analysis. The associated strain gradient matrix is assembled by a B‐bar method for the volumetric locking control in elastoplastic materials. Each meshfree node contains two coinciding integration points for the integration of weak form by the direct nodal integration scheme. As a result, a nonlinear stabilized nodal integration method with dual nodal stress points is formulated, which is free from stabilization control parameters and integration cells for meshfree computation. In the context of extreme large deformation analysis, an adaptive anisotropic Lagrangian kernel approach is introduced to the nonlinear SGS formulation. The resultant Lagrangian formulation is constantly updated over a period of time on the new reference configuration to maintain the well‐defined displacement gradients as well as strain gradients in the Lagrangian computation. Several numerical benchmarks are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in large deformation inelastic analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot study of photoacoustic imaging system for improved real‐time visualization of neurovascular bundle during radical prostatectomy
Authors: Horiguchi Akio , Tsujita Kazuhiro , Irisawa Kaku , Kasamatsu Tadashi , Hirota Kazuhiro , Kawaguchi Makoto , Shinchi Masayuki , Ito Keiichi , Asano Tomohiko , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Tsuda Hitoshi , Ishihara Miya 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDPhotoacoustic imaging, a noninvasive imaging based on optical excitation and ultrasonic detection, enables one to visualize the distribution of hemoglobin and acquire a map of microvessels without using contrast agents. We examined whether it helps visualize periprostatic microvessels and improves visualization of the neurovascular bundle.METHODSWe developed a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system with a hand‐held probe combining optical illumination and a conventional linear array ultrasound probe. In experiments with a phantom model, it was able to visualize vessels with diameters as small as 300 μm within a depth of 10 mm. We also developed a TRUS type probe for our photoacoustic imaging system and used it to intraoperatively monitor periprostatic tissues in seven patients with clinically organ‐confined prostate cancer who were undergoing non‐nerve‐sparing retropubic radical prostatectomy. Images of periprostatic tissues from resected prostatectomy specimens were also obtained using the linear photoacoustic probe, and the consistency of the microvessel distribution and co‐existence of nerve fibers was examined by double immunostaining of paraffin‐embedded sections with anti‐CD31 and anti‐S‐100 antibodies.RESULTSIntraoperative monitoring of periprostatic tissues with the TRUS photoacoustic probe showed substantial signals on the posterolateral surface of the prostate and clearly demonstrated the location and extent of the neurovascular bundle better than does TRUS alone. Photoacoustic images of the periprostatic tissues in resected specimens also showed substantial signals that were especially strong on the posterolateral surface of the prostate. Nerve fibers were closely co‐localized with periprostatic microvessels and the pattern of their distribution was consistent with that of PAI signals.CONCLUSIONSThe intraoperative photoacoustic imaging located the microvascular complex in the neurovascular bundle. Moreover, the neurovascular bundle was easier to identify by PAI than by TRUS alone, suggesting that PAI could be helpful in nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy. Prostate 76:307–315, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrasting structures between the decoupled and coupled states of the stable boundary layer
Authors: Acevedo Otávio C. , Mahrt Larry , Puhales Franciano S. , Costa Felipe D. , Medeiros Luiz E. , Degrazia Gervásio A. 
Published: October 2015

Different aspects of the stable boundary‐layer structure are contrasted between the very stable and the weakly stable regimes from a new point of view. This study finds a limit wind speed, referred to as the crossover threshold, when the average vertical gradient of the turbulent kinetic energy switches sign at all observational levels. When the wind speed exceeds this transition, the entire stable boundary layer becomes vertically fully coupled. Consequently the very stable boundary layer in this study is considered as a decoupled regime, while the weakly stable state is referred to as a coupled regime. It is shown that the vertical profiles of other quantities, such as friction velocity, heat flux and thermal gradients are strikingly different between the two coupling states.Decomposition of turbulent kinetic energy and heat flux into temporal scales indicates overlapping of non‐turbulent sub‐mesoscale flow with turbulence in the decoupled case, while there is a clearer scale distinction between the two types of motions when coupling takes place. The turbulent kinetic energy budget is dominated by dissipation and shear production in both coupling states. However, the relative importance of the buoyant destruction term is shown to be appreciably larger in the decoupled regime. In the heat flux budget equation, buoyant destruction is larger in magnitude than production by the thermal gradient in the decoupled case, but not when there is full coupling. These results indicate that the surface heat flux plays a major role in controlling the stable boundary‐layer state, as previously proposed. For the entire dataset, the frequency distributions of turbulence quantities near the surface are shown to be bimodal. The two modes are associated with the two coupling states, each well described by independent log‐normal distributions.
Associations of arsenic metabolites, methylation capacity, and skin lesions caused by chronic exposure to high arsenic in tube well water
Authors: Yang Linsheng , Chai Yuanqing , Yu Jiangping , Wei Binggan , Xia Yajuan , Wu Kegong , Gao Jianwei , Guo Zhiwei , Cui Na 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTo investigate the interaction between skin lesion status and arsenic methylation profiles, the concentrations and proportions of arsenic metabolites in urine and arsenic methylation capacities of study subjects were determined. The results showed that the mean urinary concentrations of iAs (inorganic arsenic), MMA (monomethylarsonic acid), DMA (dimethylarsinic acid), and TAs (total arsenic) were 75.65, 68.78, 265.81, and 410.24 μg/L, respectively, in the skin lesions subjects. The highest values were observed in the multiple skin lesions subjects. Higher %iAs and %MMA, and lower %DMA, PMI (primary methylation index), and SMI (secondary methylation index) were found in skin lesions subjects. The multiple skin lesions subjects had highest %iAs and %MMA, and lowest %DMA, PMI, and SMI. The prevalence of skin lesions strongly, positively correlated with arsenic levels in drinking water. The elder persons also had higher frequency of skin lesions compared with younger persons. It can be concluded that arsenic levels in drinking water significantly affected the prevalence of skin lesions. Male subjects usually had higher proportions of skin lesions when compared with female subjects. Moreover, it may be concluded that MMA was significantly related to single skin lesion, whereas DMA and iAs were associated with multiple skin lesions. It seemed that MMA had greater toxicity to hyperkeratosis, whereas DMA and iAs had higher toxicity to depigmentation or pigmentation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 28–36, 2017.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis: successful approaches and future challenges
Authors: Tang Duyu , Qin Bing , Liu Ting 
Published: October 2015

Sentiment analysis (also known as opinion mining) is an active research area in natural language processing. It aims at identifying, extracting and organizing sentiments from user generated texts in social networks, blogs or product reviews. A lot of studies in literature exploit machine learning approaches to solve sentiment analysis tasks from different perspectives in the past 15 years. Since the performance of a machine learner heavily depends on the choices of data representation, many studies devote to building powerful feature extractor with domain expert and careful engineering. Recently, deep learning approaches emerge as powerful computational models that discover intricate semantic representations of texts automatically from data without feature engineering. These approaches have improved the state‐of‐the‐art in many sentiment analysis tasks including sentiment classification of sentences/documents, sentiment extraction and sentiment lexicon learning. In this paper, we provide an overview of the successful deep learning approaches for sentiment analysis tasks, lay out the remaining challenges and provide some suggestions to address these challenges. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:292–303. doi: 10.1002/widm.1171This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Machine Learning
Prp40 and early events in splice site definition
Authors: Becerra Soraya , Andrés‐León Eduardo , Prieto‐Sánchez Silvia , Hernández‐Munain Cristina , Suñé Carlos 
Published: October 2015

The alternative splicing (AS) of precursor messenger RNA (pre‐mRNA) is a tightly regulated process through which introns are removed to leave the resulting exons in the mRNA appropriately aligned and ligated. The AS of pre‐mRNA is a key mechanism for increasing the complexity of proteins encoded in the genome. In humans, more than 90% of genes undergo AS, underscoring the importance of this process in RNA biogenesis. As such, AS misregulation underlies multiple human diseases. The splicing reaction is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a highly dynamic complex that assembles at or near the intron/exon boundaries and undergoes sequential conformational and compositional changes during splicing. The initial recognition of splice sites defines the exons that are going to be removed, which is a critical step in the highly regulated splicing process. Although the available lines of evidence are increasing, the molecular mechanisms governing AS, including the initial interactions occurring at intron/exon boundaries, and the factors that modulate these critical connections by functioning as a scaffold for active‐site RNAs or proteins, remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the major hallmarks of the initial steps in the splicing process and the role of auxiliary factors that contribute to the assembly of the spliceosomal complex. We also discuss the role of the essential yeast Prp40 protein and its mammalian homologs in the specificity of this pre‐mRNA processing event. In addition, we provide the first exhaustive phylogenetic analysis of the molecular evolution of Prp40 family members. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:17–32. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1312This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Two Cobalt(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on Y‐shaped 3,5,4′‐Azobenzenetricarboxylic Acid and Different N‐donor Ligands
Authors: Yang Yu‐Ting , Tu Chang‐Zheng , Miao Jiao‐Jiao , Li Jun‐Li , Chen Guang , Yin Hong‐Ju , Cheng Fei‐Xiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo metal‐organic frameworks, [Co2(ABTC)(bimh)(OH)]·2H2O (1) and [Co3(ABTC)2(dimb)4]n (2) [H3ABTC = 3,4′,5‐azobenzenetricarboxylic acid, bimh = 1,1′‐(1,4‐hexanediy)bis(imidazole), dimb = 1,4‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene], were prepared under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Complex 1 demonstrates a complicated 3D (3,8)‐connected tfz‐d net with (43)2(46.617.85) topology. The framework of 2 can be classified as a rare 3D (3,6,6)‐connected net with the Schäfli symbol of (4.62)2(42.610.83)(44.610.8), and exhibits an intriguing self‐penetrating motif. Meanwhile, the thermal stabilities and magnetic properties for 1 and 2 were also probed.
Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Marker for Lung Adenocarcinoma After Complete Resection
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Kawamura Masafumi , Hato Tai , Harada Masahiko , Matsutani Noriyuki , Horio Hirotoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundsThe neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple and low‐cost index that may be a benchmark for systemic inflammatory response and antitumor immunity. The goal of the study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative NLR in patients with lung adenocarcinoma after complete resection.MethodsThe subjects were 361 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete resection between 2000 and 2009. Perioperative clinical and laboratory data were evaluated retrospectively. The cohort was divided using the cut‐off value for preoperative NLR identified in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Correlations of NLR with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were examined.ResultsA high NLR was significantly correlated with a smoking history >10 pack‐years (p = 0.023), pathological stage II or III (p < 0.001), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.003), and pleural invasion (p = 0.039). In univariate analysis, the high NLR group had significantly lower 5‐year overall survival (86.0 vs. 77.1 %, p < 0.001) and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (75.1 vs. 59.9 %, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that NLR was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.822, 95 % confidence interval 1.133–2.931, p = 0.013).ConclusionThese results show that preoperative NLR is an independent prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma after complete resection. NLR may reflect host immunity and systemic inflammation that facilitates tumor growth.
Quantitative relationship between the mRNA secondary structure of translational initiation region and the expression level of heterologous protein in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yin Jun , Bao Lichen , Tian Hong , Gao Xiangdong , Yao Wenbing 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Translational efficiency in Escherichia coli is strongly influenced by mRNA secondary structure of translational initiation region (TIR). We have previously reported that the expression of heterologous protein is directly related to the minimal folding free energy (ΔG) of the local secondary structure. However, identifying biologically relevant maximum and minimum levels of expression, or exploring the optimal level between them, is a key to successful optimization of heterologous protein expression. To systematically search a large range of the ΔG of TIR, we now present a quantitative analysis of the relationship between expression level and these ΔGs. The ΔG of TIR in green fluorescent protein is found to be linearly correlated with the fluorescence intensity over a range of tenfold change. The result demonstrates that the increasing ΔG of TIR can enhance the expression level linearly with no threshold or plateau.
Reaching a decision to change vocation: a qualitative study of former priests’ experiences
Authors: Pietkiewicz Igor J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore experiences of Roman Catholic clergy who relinquish the priesthood. Ten former priests participated in semi-structured interviews that were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Overall, the study found that priests experienced needs and aspirations conflicting with their social role and the expectations made of them. They found making decisions about vocational change frustrating and stressful because of concerns about breaking community norms, fear of social stigma, and disbelief in their ability to cope in lay life. Specific guidelines for supporting priests through counseling psychologists are provided.
Defects in neural guidepost structures and failure to remove leptomeningeal cells from the septal midline behind the interhemispheric fusion defects in Netrin1 deficient mice
Authors: Hakanen Janne , Salminen Marjo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCorpus callosum (CC) is the largest commissural tract in mammalian brain and it acts to coordinate information between the two cerebral hemispheres. During brain development CC forms at the boundary area between the cortex and the septum and special transient neural and glial guidepost structures in this area are thought to be critical for CC formation. In addition, it is thought that the fusion of the two hemispheres in the septum area is a prerequisite for CC formation. However, very little is known of the molecular mechanisms behind the fusion of the two hemispheres. Netrin1 (NTN1) acts as an axon guidance molecule in the developing central nervous system and Ntn1 deficiency leads to the agenesis of CC in mouse. Here we have analyzed Ntn1 deficient mice to better understand the reasons behind the observed lack of CC. We show that Ntn1 deficiency leads to defects in neural, but not in glial guidepost structures that may contribute to the agenesis of CC. In addition, Nnt1 was expressed by the leptomeningeal cells bordering the two septal walls prior to fusion. Normally these cells are removed when the septal fusion occurs. At the same time, the Laminin containing basal lamina produced by the leptomeningeal cells is disrupted in the midline area to allow the cells to mix and the callosal axons to cross. In Ntn1 deficient embryos however, the leptomeninges and the basal lamina were not removed properly from the midline area and the septal fusion did not occur. Thus, NTN1 contributes to the formation of the CC by promoting the preceding removal of the midline leptomeningeal cells and interhemispheric fusion.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of progestogen use for maintenance tocolysis after preterm labor in women with intact membranes
Authors: Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Chalaan Tina , Shukr Ghadear , Eleje George U. , Okafor Charles I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe use of progestogens for maintenance tocolysis remains controversial, with randomized controlled trials having conflicting results on their efficacy.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of progestational agents for maintenance tocolysis after preterm labor in a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Search strategyElectronic databases were searched for reports published before December 2014. Keywords included “tocolysis,” “progesterone,” “preterm labor,” “17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone,” and “vaginal progesterone.”Selection criteriaOnly randomized controlled trials involving progestational agents for maintenance tocolysis were included.Data collection and analysisOutcomes were analyzed on an intent‐to‐treat basis and meta‐analysis was performed where appropriate. Relative risks and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Main resultsFour studies (362 women) were included. There were no significant differences between progestational agents and placebo/no treatment in terms of delivery before 34 weeks or before 37 weeks of pregnancy, time from randomization to delivery, and respiratory distress syndrome. Progestogens were associated with an increase in the neonatal birth weight (mean difference 203.32 g, 95% confidence interval 110.85–295.80; P = 0.032).ConclusionsThe current evidence does not support the routine use of progestational agents for maintenance tocolysis after an episode of preterm labor.