bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast annealing fabrication of porous CuWO4 photoanode for charge transport in photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Ma Zili , Yin Yanjun , Jiang Ye , Luo Weihao , Xu Jinyu , Chen Yan , Bao Zhiyong , Guo Chaozhong , Lv Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ternary-phase CuWO4 oxide with an electronic band gap of 2.2–2.4 eV is a potential candidate photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Herein, we present an efficient method to prepare CuWO4 film photoanode by combining hydrothermal method and hybrid microwave annealing (HMA) process. In comparison with conventional thermal annealing (CTA), HMA can achieve CuWO4 thin film within minutes by using SiC susceptor. When the CuWO4 photoanode is prepared by HMA, its PEC water oxidation performance improves from 0.21 to 0.29 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE comparing with the one prepared by CTA. The origin of the enhanced photocurrent was investigated by means of complementary physical characterizations and PEC methods. The results demonstrated that the obtained HMA processed CuWO4 photoanode not only exhibited intrinsic porous nanostructures but also abundant surface hydroxyl groups, which facilitated sufficient mass transport and the charge transfer. Our results highlight the application of HMA for the fast fabrication of porous film photo-electrodes without using sacrificial template.
Test for the deep: magnetic loading characterization of elastomers under extreme hydrostatic pressures
Authors: Zhao Yukai , Zhang Chengqian , Yang Xuxu , Cao Xunuo , Feng Tao , Zhou Fanghao , Wang Xuanqi , Zhao Peng , Li Tiefeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soft robot incarnates its unique advantages in deep-sea exploration, but grapples with high hydrostatic pressure’s unpredictable impact on its mechanical performances. In our previous work, a self-powered soft robot showed excellent work performance in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 11 000 m, yet experienced notable degradation in deforming capability. Here, we propose a magnetic loading method for characterizing elastomer’s mechanical properties under extremely high hydrostatic pressure of up to 120 MPa. This method facilitates remote loading and enables in-situ observation, so that the dimensions and deformation at high hydrostatic pressure are obtained and used for calculations. The results reveal that the Young’s modulus of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) monotonously increases with pressure. It is found that the relative increase in Young’s modulus is determined by its initial value, which is 8% for an initial Young’s modulus of 2200 kPa and 38% for 660 kPa. The relation between initial Young’s modulus and relevant increase can be fitted by an exponential function. The bulk modulus of PDMS is about 1.4 GPa at 20 °C and is barely affected by hydrostatic pressure. The method can quantify alterations in the mechanical properties of elastomers induced by hydrostatic pressure, and provide guidance for the design of soft robots which serve in extreme pressure environment.
Dynamics and sorting of run-and-tumble particles in fluid flows with transport barriers
Authors: Vilela Rafael Dias , Grados Alfredo J , Angilella Jean-Régis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of individual run-and-tumble particles in a convective flow which is a prototype of fluid flows with transport barriers. We consider the most prevalent case of swimmers denser than the background fluid. As a result of gravity and the effects of the carrying flow, in the absence of swimming the particles either sediment or remain in a convective cell. When run-and-tumble also takes place, the particles may move to upper convective cells. We derive analytically the probability of uprise. Since that probability in a given fluid flow can vary strongly across species, our findings inspire a purely dynamical mechanism for species extraction in the dilute regime. Numerical simulations support our analytical predictions and demonstrate that a judicious choice of the fluid flow’s parameters can lead to particle sorting with an arbitrary degree of purity.
Power system investment optimization to identify carbon neutrality scenarios for Italy
Authors: Di Bella Alice , Canti Federico , Prina Matteo Giacomo , Casalicchio Valeria , Manzolini Giampaolo , Sparber Wolfram 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2021 the European Commission has proposed the Fit-for-55 policy package, requiring European countries to reduce their CO2 emissions by 55% with respect to 1990 by the year 2030, a first step to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Energy system modeling can be a valuable tool for national policymakers to choose the most appropriate technologies to achieve these goals efficiently. This article presents a model of the Italian power system realized employing the open energy modeling framework, Oemof. A linear programming optimization is implemented to evaluate how to minimize system costs at decreasing CO2 emissions in 2030. The developed tool is applied to evaluate different research questions: (i) pathway towards full decarbonization and power self-sufficiency of the electricity sector in Italy, (ii) relevance of flexibility assets in power grids: li-ion batteries, hydrogen storage and transmission lines reinforcement. A 55% CO2 emissions reduction for the actual Italian power sector can be achieved through an increase of 30% of the total annual system cost. Achieving complete decarbonization and self-sufficiency increases significatively annual expenditures. However, cost mitigation is plausible through the integration of sector coupling methodologies or the adoption of a broader spectrum of technological solutions. Flexibility measures appear instrumental for decarbonization, particularly transmission lines, demanding a substantial expansion beyond the stated plans for 2030. This infrastructure is crucial in Italy to facilitate the transfer of renewable electricity generated in the Southern regions to the Northern areas, where a large portion of the electricity demand is located.
Sex, Sexuality, Gender, and Feminism
Authors: Browning Gary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Murdoch’s novels deal centrally with sex and sexuality. She was a supporter of the decriminalization of homosexuality before it was made legal in 1967. The Bell stands out as a major work highlighting the suffering of a repressed homosexual, Michael Meade, who has to contend with the illegality of, and social hostility to homosexuality. In many subsequent novels Murdoch deals with homosexual couples, and over time she registers the increasing acceptance of homosexuality. Late novels include bisexual characters and cross-dressers. She is also mindful of the pressures on women, showing the restrictions in marriage to which women were subject. Her use of male narrators has been controversial, with some commentators taking her to endorse male dominance, but Murdoch is better seen as using the device to expose the partiality and sexism of male attitudes. Murdoch is a feminist. She shows the problems of women, but she does not regard women as either possessing or needing to develop special qualities. She sees women as sharing human qualities with men.
Detecting gene–environment interactions from multiple continuous traits
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Genetic variants present differential effects on humans according to various environmental exposures, the so-called “gene–environment interactions” (GxE). Many diseases can be diagnosed with multiple traits, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. I developed a multivariate scale test (MST) for detecting the GxE of a disease with several continuous traits. Given a significant MST result, I continued to search for which trait and which E enriched the GxE signals. Simulation studies were performed to compare MST with the univariate scale test (UST).

Results
MST can gain more power than UST because of (1) integrating more traits with GxE information and (2) the less harsh penalty on multiple testing. However, if only few traits account for GxE, MST may lose power due to aggregating non-informative traits into the test statistic. As an example, MST was applied to a discovery set of 93 708 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) individuals and a replication set of 25 200 TWB individuals. From among 2 570 487 SNPs with minor allele frequencies ≥5%, MST identified 18 independent variance quantitative trait loci (P &lt; 2.4E−9 in the discovery cohort and P &lt; 2.8E−5 in the replication cohort) and 41 GxE signals (P &lt; .00027) based on eight trait domains (including 29 traits).

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/WanYuLin/Multivariate-scale-test-MST-
Associations of amyloid-β oligomers and plaques with neuropathology in the AppNL-G-F mouse
Authors: Tang Jiabin , Huang Helen , Muirhead Robert C J , Zhou Yue , Li Junheng , DeFelice John , Kopanitsa Maksym V , Serneels Lutgarde , Davey Karen , Tilley Bension S , Gentleman Steve , Matthews Paul M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Amyloid-β pathology and neurofibrillary tangles lead to glial activation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the levels of amyloid-β oligomers, amyloid-β plaques, glial activation and markers related to neurodegeneration in the AppNL-G-F triple mutation mouse line and in a knock-in line homozygous for the common human amyloid precursor protein (Apphu mouse). The relationships between neuropathological features were characterized with immunohistochemistry and imaging mass cytometry. Markers assessing human amyloid-β proteins, microglial and astrocytic activation and neuronal and synaptic densities were used in mice between 2.5 and 12 months of age. We found that amyloid-β oligomers were abundant in the brains of Apphu mice in the absence of classical amyloid-β plaques. These brains showed morphological changes consistent with astrocyte activation but no evidence of microglial activation or synaptic or neuronal pathology. In contrast, both high levels of amyloid-β oligomers and numerous plaques accumulated in AppNL-G-F mice in association with substantial astrocytic and microglial activation. The increase in amyloid-β oligomers over time was more strongly correlated with astrocytic than with microglia activation. Spatial analyses suggested that activated microglia were more closely associated with amyloid-β oligomers than with amyloid-β plaques in AppNL-G-F mice, which also showed age-dependent decreases in neuronal and synaptic density markers. A comparative study of the two models highlighted the dependence of glial and neuronal pathology on the nature and aggregation state of the amyloid-β peptide. Astrocyte activation and neuronal pathology appeared to be more strongly associated with amyloid-β oligomers than with amyloid-β plaques, although amyloid-β plaques were associated with microglia activation.
The immunoreactive signature of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Nakashima Kentaro , Imai Takashi , Shiraishi Akira , Unose Ryoko , Goto Hironori , Nagatomo Yusaku , Kojima-Ishii Kanako , Mushimoto Yuichi , Nishiyama Kei , Yamamura Kenichiro , Nagata Hazumu , Ishimura Masataka , Kusuhara Koichi , Koga Yuhki , Sakai Yasunari , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The clinical spectrum of Down syndrome (DS) ranges from congenital malformations to premature aging and early-onset senescence. Excessive immunoreactivity and oxidative stress are thought to accelerate the pace of aging in DS patients; however, the immunological profile remains elusive. We investigated whether peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) in DS patients respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) distinctly from non-DS control MoDCs. Eighteen DS patients (age 2–47 years, 12 males) and 22 controls (age 4–40 years, 15 males) were enrolled. CD14-positive monocytes were immunopurified and cultured for 7 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-4, yielding MoDCs in vitro. After the LPS-stimulation for 48 hours from days 7 to 9, culture supernatant cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine bead assays, and bulk-prepared RNA from the cells was used for transcriptomic analyses. MoDCs from DS patients produced cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IP-10) at significantly higher levels than those from controls in response to LPS. RNA sequencing revealed that DS-derived MoDCs differentially expressed 137 genes (74 upregulated and 63 downregulated) compared with controls. A gene enrichment analysis identified 5 genes associated with Toll-like receptor signaling (KEGG: hsa04620, P = 0.00731) and oxidative phosphorylation (hsa00190, P = 0.0173) pathways. MoDCs obtained from DS patients showed higher cytokine or chemokine responses to LPS than did control MoDCs. Gene expression profiles suggest that hyperactive Toll-like receptor and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways configure the immunoreactive signature of MoDCs in DS patients.
Claw coloration in the fiddler crab Leptuca uruguayensis has no correlation with male quality
Authors: Graham Zackary A , de Jesus Florentino Jônatas , Smithers Samuel P , Menezes João C T , de Carvalho José Eduardo , Palaoro Alexandre V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sexual selection is thought to play a major role in the evolution of color due to the correlation between a signaler’s physiological state and the displayed color. As such, researchers often investigate how color correlates to the quality of the signaler. However, research on the relationship between color and individual quality is often taxonomically limited and researchers typically investigate how color phenotypes relate to one index of quality, such as a linear measure of body size. Here, we investigated the relationship among body size, claw size, claw muscle mass, lipid content, and the color of the claw in male fiddler crabs (Leptuca uruguayensis) which wield an exaggerated claw that varies in color from brown to red. We hypothesized that if the color was correlated to one or more indices of male quality, the color displayed on the claws of male L. uruguayensis could be under sexual selection. We found L. uruguayensis claw color varies substantially among the individuals we photographed. However, we did not find a correlation between claw color and indices of quality; neither brightness nor hue correlated to the indices of quality we measured. Our findings suggest that claw color in L. uruguayensis is unlikely to have evolved to signal quality, but may instead function as a species identity or as a non-indicator sexual signal.
Predicting elevated natriuretic peptide in chest radiography: emerging utilization gap for artificial intelligence
Authors: Kagawa Eisuke , Kato Masaya , Oda Noboru , Kunita Eiji , Nagai Michiaki , Yamane Aya , Matsui Shogo , Yoshitomi Yuki , Shimajiri Hiroto , Hirokawa Tatsuya , Ishida Shunsuke , Kurimoto Genki , Dote Keigo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed an artificial intelligence (AI) model’s performance in predicting elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels from chest radiograms and its effect on diagnostic performance among healthcare professionals.

Methods and results
Patients who underwent chest radiography and BNP testing on the same day were included. Data were sourced from two hospitals: one for model development, and the other for external testing. Two final ensemble models were developed to predict elevated BNP levels of ≥ 200 pg/mL and ≥ 100 pg/mL, respectively. Humans were evaluated to predict elevated BNP levels, followed by the same test, referring to the AI model’s predictions. A total of 8390 images were collected for model creation, and 1713 images, for tests. The AI model achieved an accuracy of 0.855, precision of 0.873, sensitivity of 0.827, specificity of 0.882, f1 score of 0.850, and receiver-operating-characteristics area-under-curve of 0.929. The accuracy of the testing by 35 participants significantly improved from 0.708 ± 0.049 to 0.829 ± 0.069 (P &lt; 0.001) with the AI assistance (an accuracy of 0.920). Without the AI assistance, the accuracy of the veterans in the medical career was higher than that of early-career professionals (0.728 ± 0.051 vs. 0.692 ± 0.042, P = 0.030); however, with the AI assistance, the accuracy of the early-career professionals was rather higher than that of the veterans (0.851 ± 0.074 vs. 0.803 ± 0.054, P = 0.033).

Conclusion
The AI model can predict elevated BNP levels from chest radiograms and has the potential to improve human performance. The gap in utilizing new tools represents one of the emerging issues.
Initial real-world data on catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation using the novel lattice-tip focal pulsed-field ablation catheter
Authors: Tohoku Shota , Bordignon Stefano , Schaack David , Hirokami Jun , Urbanek Lukas , Urbani Andrea , Kheir Joseph , Schmidt Boris , Chun Kyoung-Ryul Julian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Technological advancements have contributed to the enhanced precision and lesion flexibility in pulsed-field ablation (PFA) by integrating a three-dimensional mapping system combined with a point-by-point ablation strategy. Data regarding the feasibility of this technology remain limited to some clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate initial real-world data on catheter ablation utilizing a lattice-tip focal PFA/radiofrequency ablation (RFA) catheter in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and results
Consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation for persistent AF via the lattice-tip PFA/RFA catheter were enrolled. We evaluated acute procedural data including periprocedural data as well as the clinical follow-up within a 90-day blanking period. In total, 28 patients with persistent AF underwent AF ablation either under general anaesthesia (n = 6) or deep sedation (n = 22). In all patients, pulmonary vein isolation was successfully achieved. Additional linear ablations were conducted in 21 patients (78%) with a combination of successful anterior line (n = 13, 46%) and roof line (n = 19, 68%). The median procedural and fluoroscopic times were 97 (interquartile range, IQR: 80–114) min and 8.5 (IQR: 7.2–9.5) min, respectively. A total of 27 patients (96%) were interviewed during the follow-up within the blanking period, and early recurrent AF was documented in four patients (15%) including one case of recurrent AF during the hospital stay. Neither major nor minor procedural complication occurred.

Conclusion
In terms of real-world data, our data confirmed AF ablation feasibility utilizing the lattice-tip focal PFA/RFA catheter in patients with persistent AF.
Understanding recurrent groin pain following periacetabular osteotomy: assessment of psoas tendon mechanics using discrete element analysis
Authors: Sunil Kumar Karadi H , Van Damme Floris , Van den Borr Ide , Khanduja Vikas , Audenaert Emmanuel , Malviya Ajay 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Recurrent groin pain following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a challenging problem. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the position and dynamics of the psoas tendon as a potential cause for recurrent groin pain following PAO. A total of 386 PAO procedures, performed between January 2013 and January 2020, were identified from a single surgeon series. Thirteen patients (18 hips) had a psoas tendinopathy, as confirmed with relief of symptoms following a diagnostic injection into the psoas tendon. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) scans pre- and post-operatively. The data from CT scan was used to manually segment bony structures and create 3D models using Mimics software (Materialise NV). A validated discrete element analysis model using rigid body springs was used to predict psoas tendon movement during hip circumduction and walking. The distance of the iliopsoas tendon to any bony abnormality was calculated. All computational analyses were performed using MATLAB software. Thirteen hips (13/18) showed bony malformations (spurs, hypertrophic callus or delayed union and malunion) secondary to callus at the superior pubic ramus. The mean minimal distance of the iliopsoas tendon to osteotomy site was found to be 13.73 mm (σ = 3.09) for spurs, 10.99 mm (σ = 2.85) for hypertrophic callus and 11.91 mm (σ = 2.55) for canyon type. In normal bony healing, the mean minimal distance was 18.55 mm (σ = 4.11). Using a validated computational modelling technique, this study has demonstrated three different types of malformation around the superior pubic osteotomy site, which are associated with psoas impingement. In all of the cases, the minimal distance of the iliopsoas tendon to the osteotomy site was reduced by 59–74%, as compared with the normal anatomy.
Maximizing the impact of community outreach and engagement at US cancer centers
Authors: Ramanadhan Shoba , Daly James , Lee Rebekka M , Mallick Kamini , Augenbraun Samantha L , Emmons Karen M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2016, the National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers funding opportunity was expanded to require community outreach and engagement (COE), with explicit attention to cancer inequities, community engagement, and implementation science in the centers’ catchment areas. Resource limitations constrain these activities, and we conducted a qualitative study to understand what COE leaders see as critical needs and supports to increase impact. In the spring of 2021, we interviewed leaders from 56 of 64 cancer centers with COE programs and analyzed the data using a reflexive, thematic approach.
We identified 6 categories of needs: 1) centering community engagement among leadership and non-COE researchers, 2) increasing training on implementation science/practice, 3) improving integration into cross-center networks, 4) increasing funding for staffing and sustainment, 5) revising funder guidance and reporting, and 6) facilitating data utilization. COEs need long-term, systems-focused investments to engage communities, increase research translation, and advance health equity.
The Concept of Bullying
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines bullying as it has been defined in research studies, portrayed in the media, and understood within cultural contexts, social settings, and legal frameworks. Above all, it underscores, in a medical context, the multifaceted aspects of bullying and its overlap with other facets of maltreatment, including all forms of abuse, victimization, aggression, violence, harassment, intimidation, disrespect, humiliation, exclusion, and neglect. In this context, it advances the notion of a spectrum of maltreatment, underscoring the importance of psychosocial issues at a level not seen in the last five decades, since the lethal aspects of child abuse came to public awareness.
Polyvictimization and Revictimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
People who have been bullied and/or subjected to other forms of victimization are likely to have been exposed more than once in their lifetime to the same or different types of maltreatment. Based on a survey of a sample of US children and adolescents, we know that almost 11% of young people 17 years old and younger have reached a threshold score of polyvictimization, and that 66% of children and adolescents who were victimized by peers or siblings were revictimized within one year. It is known that polyvictims are at a very significant risk of experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder, as compared to nonvictims as well as victims of one to three types of violence. There is also documented research evidence underscoring the cumulative psychological effect of revictimization. An individual’s polyvictimization or revictimization and its associated cumulative effect should be taken into consideration and included in the assessment and anamnesis of any person seeking psychiatric treatment.