bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Knowledge in Entrepreneurship and Cultural Tourism in the Rural Areas
Authors: Cheteni Priviledge , Umejesi Ikechukwu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of indigenous knowledge systems on indigenous entrepreneurship and sustainability practices. Through a deductive approach, qualitative data was collected from fifteen business owners using systematic random sampling. Extensive one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to gather in-depth perspectives. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of the entrepreneurs actively incorporate indigenous knowledge into their business operations. Additionally, cultural tourism is experiencing a surge, although largely operating in the informal sector. Notably, the agripreneurs face substantial challenges in accessing mainstream markets, a predicament shared by entrepreneurs across various sectors. The conversations with the participants unveiled multidimensional obstacles hindering their progress, including inadequate capital, limited access to funding opportunities, and discriminatory practices by financial institutions. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for comprehensive support mechanisms to foster indigenous entrepreneurship and promote sustainable practices rooted in traditional knowledge systems.
Exploring the Role of Microinsurance in Financial Inclusion: a Tanzanian Case Study
Authors: Mhella Deogratius Joseph 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study addresses a significant gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between microinsurance and financial inclusion in Tanzania, mainly focusing on the role of digital financial services. Although some literature and knowledge exist that explain microinsurance and financial inclusion, what remains unexplained in terms of contribution to knowledge is the specific nuances or mechanisms through which digital financial services facilitate access to microinsurance and how microinsurance contributes to financial inclusion. This research bridges this gap to some extent. While other studies mention that digital financial services have opened doors for low-income individuals to access microinsurance and that microinsurance has promoted financial inclusion by offering affordable products, they do not delve into the specific mechanisms or strategies employed to achieve these outcomes. To bridge the gap, the research gathered data through in-depth unstructured interviews, and thematic analysis was employed for data analysis. The study’s findings suggest that digital financial services play a significant role in shaping microinsurance opportunities in Tanzania, mainly by providing access to low-income and financially excluded individuals. These findings underscore the positive impact of microinsurance services on financial inclusion, emphasizing the importance of accessible and affordable financial services for marginalized individuals. Moreover, the principle of risk mutualization has been used to provide the theoretical underpinning of the study, and it extends beyond financial transactions to include building awareness and understanding of microinsurance and risk management.
‘For Israel and Communism’? Making Sense of Germany’s Antideutsche
Authors: Fischer Leandros 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The German Left’s silence on Palestine is colloquially attributed to either German guilt, the role of the so-called ‘Antideutsch’ current, or both. While acknowledging these factors, this contribution seeks to situate the Antideutsch phenomenon within a historical-materialist framework. Specifically, it examines the evolution of the postwar German Left’s perceptions of antisemitism, against the backdrop of its reconstitution following World War ii, the rise and fall of the 1968 Left, as well as current developments related to the emergence of a post-migrant society.
Critical Religion and the Sociology of Religion
Authors: Goldstein Warren S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the relevance of Critical Religion to the sociology of religion. Critical Religion argues that the category of “religion” is a Western concept that through colonialism and imperialism has been superimposed over non-Western societies. In contrast, it offers a critical theory of or critical sociology of religion, which evaluates the positive and negatives aspects of what we call religion. The article provides a summary of key proponents of critical religion then uses it to discuss the secularization debate which runs through the classics and the old and new paradigms in the sociology of religion. It discusses the lived religion methodology and problematizes that through its lack of distinction between the religious and the secular, it overemphasizes the role of religion. Finally, the article offers a more scientific and neutral redefinition of the category of religion as a solution to the problems with the category raised by critical religion.
Maria Leopoldina between History and Memory
Authors: Nicolazzi Fernando 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, I study certain forms of public use of the past in the context of the bicentennial of Brazil’s Independence, focusing mainly on a specific case: the cultural memory of Maria Leopoldina. By analyzing a wide range of materials, I argue that Leopoldina’s character gains a prominent role in social imaginary in the context of the bicentennial commemorations. Also, I suggest that this is due to the transformations in Brazilian historiography during the period and to new popular demands regarding the national past.
Proportionality in Bello: A Case Against Indirect Military Advantage in War
Authors: Soni Surbhi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rule of proportionality strikes a bargain in launching attacks. It demands that military commanders suspend or cancel operations if collateral damage anticipated from an attack exceeds the potential military advantage offered. The definitional phrase military advantage has been the subject of a rich debate, varyingly interpreted to expand or limit the scope of attacks. This paper participates in the debate, advocating that military advantage must be limited to exclude attacks on objects that indirectly contribute to military potential, such as, economic, social, psychological or political advantage, which invariably target civilians or civilian enterprises. It critically engages with the principles and precedents invoked to legitimise a broader understanding of military advantage. It posits that such attacks disregard belligerents’ privileges, and render unbound categories of civilian objects susceptible to destruction. Pursuantly, the rule of proportionality, originally articulated to nuance and improve the rule of distinction, is usurped to violate the latter.
Even Kinship Terminology, Society and Language Contact
Authors: Lavrillier Alexandra , Matić Dejan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper analyses on the basis of new fielddata the transformations of kinship terminologies in three Even dialects which have come about through cultural and linguistic contacts. We investigate two possible sources of change. First, the adaptation of kinship terminology to the ways of subsistence, such that, e.g., hunting and gathering cultures preferably use one, while herding cultures prefer other types of kinship systems, with the corollary that shifts in subsistence type can lead to shifts in the kinship terminology. Second, linguistic and cultural convergence, whereby in multilingual groups either one group adapts its terminology to the system of the dominant group or, in the situation of symmetrical multilingualism, both groups change their kinship systems to accommodate to each other. We argue that both causes, the cultural and the linguistic ones, are at work in the Even communities investigated in the paper.
Nature’s food – the contribution of edible insects to household nutrition and income in Western Kenya
Authors: Adundo L.A. , Mulungu K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the nutritional contribution of insects to the diets and income of an entomophagous region in western Kenya. We used a random sample of households from two sub-counties in western Kenya and collected quantities harvested, consumed, and sold of three common insects (termites, dung beetles, and grasshoppers). We then estimated the nutritional composition from literature and determined the household nutrient requirements for proteins, vitamin A, iron and zinc to understand the contribution of insects. Insects were found to be a source of protein, vitamin A, iron, and zinc, with average contributions of 2%, 14%, 20% and 4% of the recommended (household) dietary intake of each nutrient, respectively. Households that earned income from insects had 24% higher household income compared to those that did not earn income from insects. The study further examined factors influencing the contribution of insects to diets and found that household size and wealth (measured by land size) have an inverse relationship with insect contribution to diets and income while attaining primary level of education and being a farmer as the main occupation are associated with a higher contribution of insects to diets. For future research, understanding factors influencing entomophagy is vital for promoting sustainable and nutritious food systems that incorporate insects as a viable protein source, particularly in regions where alternative protein sources are limited.
The Japanese Survey of Materia Medica in Korea and the Transformation of the Japanese Study of Nature in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: AN Sooyoung 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the eighteenth century, Japanese honzōgaku developed to engage more actively with an empirical mode of study that put more emphasis on sensory and visual information, complementing the classical texts from China and Korea and correcting the names contained in these texts. The further introduction by honzō scholars of observation and accurate illustration, as well as of the use of material artefacts such as specimens, developed alongside the continued importance of the philological study of the classics, rather than replacing it. Using as primary materials the “Records of Medicinal Ingredients” found among the Documents of the Tsushima Clan, this essay examines a Japanese project to survey flora and fauna in Korea during the Edo period in order to shed light on the growing emphasis on visual accuracy in the study of nature. It also highlights how the circulation of texts inspired changes in how people conceived of natural objects and constructed materia medica knowledge in the context of Tokugawa Japan.
Medieval Manuscript Layouts: A Cognitive Journey through the Page
Authors: Somfai Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Page layouts affect our reading and interpreting of texts. The paper proposes that in designing the mise-en-page of medieval manuscripts, scribes made choices and selected various visual tools which played specific roles and induced different cognitive processes. It explores the structure and the cognitive signposts in detail through a close analysis of a large number of manuscript layouts of different textual genres and supplies images to illustrate the points. It looks at the archaeology of the text and the creativity with which medieval readers engaged with the folio through their contributions of glossing and building a many-layered, instantly available dialogue with the text and each other. The paper introduces the concept that the folio acts as a work surface within which instances of visual thinking and experimenting emerge and supports the claim through case studies of diagrammatic thinking. Based on comparison, it argues for the similar nature of medieval folio layouts and modern webpage design through an analysis of their shared cognitive tools and overall impression. A summary table of the cognitive tools of the folio layout gives an overview of the main areas and tools of the design and use of the mise-en-page. Reading is a personal experience and the cognitive elements of the medieval folio layout even today contribute to one’s approach to and interpretation of the text making it a journey of discovery and self-discovery.
Factors associated with electroconvulsive therapy treatment for adults with serious psychiatric conditions in Australia
Authors: Chen Timothy , Loo Colleen , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Jorm Louisa R , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Sara Grant , Quiroz Juan C , Gallego Blanca 
Published: July 2024

Objective: To identify factors associated with receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for serious psychiatric conditions. Methods: Retrospective observational study using hospital administrative data linked with death registrations and outpatient mental health data in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The cohort included patients admitted with a primary psychiatric diagnosis between 2013 and 2022. The outcome measure was receipt of ECT. Results: Of 94,950 patients, 3465 (3.6%) received ECT. The likelihood of receiving ECT was higher in older (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.03), female (HR = 1.24) patients. Compared to depression, patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (HR = 0.79), schizophrenia-related disorders (HR = 0.37), mania (HR = 0.64) and other mood disorders (HR = 0.45) had lower odds of receiving ECT. Patients with depression and one other serious psychiatric condition had higher odds of receiving ECT than depression alone. Bipolar disorder likelihood of ECT did not differ from depression. A higher number of mental health outpatient visits in the prior year and an involuntary index admission with depression were also associated with receiving ECT. Likelihood of receiving ECT increased with year of admission (HR = 1.32), private patient status (HR = 2.06), higher socioeconomic status (HR = 1.09) and being married (HR = 1.25). Conclusions: ECT use for depression and bipolar disorder in NSW aligns with clinical national guidelines. Patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective, schizophrenia-related disorders, mania and other mood disorders had lower likelihood of ECT than depression, despite ECT being recommended by clinical guidelines for these diagnoses. Variations in ECT were strongly associated with healthcare access, with private patients twice as likely to receive ECT than their public counterparts, suggesting a need to explore ECT accessibility.
Effects of States’ Methods for Estimating Nonfatal Overdose, United States, 2021
Authors: Johnson Christian E. , Holtgrave David R. , Catlin Megan , Gupta Rahul 
Published: July 2024

Objective: Previous nonfatal overdose is a key risk factor for drug overdose death; however, current nonfatal overdose surveillance is limited to people who receive medical attention. We identified states that tracked nonfatal overdoses treated in prehospital and hospital care settings, assessed the effects of different surveillance methods on the magnitude of nonfatal overdose estimates, and estimated states’ nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratio. Methods: Two analysts independently reviewed state websites to characterize states’ methods of capturing nonfatal overdose events from December 2022 through February 2023. We collected information on surveillance methods in 5 states that met the inclusion criteria, including data source, measure specification, drug(s) involved, and whether states performed deduplication or published mutually exclusive measure specifications to capture unique events across care settings. We calculated nonfatal-to-fatal overdose ratios to assess the effects of different data sources on estimates of nonfatal overdoses. Results: Illinois, Maine, North Carolina, and West Virginia used syndromic surveillance data and New Jersey used hospital discharge data to track nonfatal overdose-related emergency department visits. Illinois and West Virginia tracked nonfatal overdose-related encounters with emergency medical services. Other states tracked opioid overdoses reversed following naloxone administration by emergency medical services, law enforcement, and community members. Maine, New Jersey, and West Virginia published nonfatal overdose information by using mutually exclusive measure specifications; the number of nonfatal overdoses per fatal overdose in these states ranged from approximately 5:1 to 14:1. Practice Implications: Establishing a standard framework to combine data from existing national surveillance systems in prehospital and hospital care settings can improve nonfatal overdose estimates and enable comparisons between jurisdictions to help decision makers identify areas most in need of essential services.
Development of a driving clinical decision pathway for non-driver trained occupational therapists
Authors: Scott Hayley M , Baker Anne M , Unsworth Carolyn A 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: While a small number of occupational therapists have additional training as driver assessors, all occupational therapists have a duty of care to address driving as an occupation. This study aimed to develop a resource to support Australian non-driver trained occupational therapists in daily practice to address driving with clients who may require on-road assessment due to a health concern. Method: A literature review and comprehensive process for the development of a driving clinical decision pathway was followed using four phases. A virtual nominal group technique was used to investigate the content validity of the driving clinical decision pathway. Purposive sampling was used to recruit two groups of occupational therapists to participate in a virtual nominal group technique. Results: A driving clinical decision pathway was developed with five key sections. The 11 participants attended 1 of 2 virtual nominal group technique for 120 minutes each, where 100% consensus was achieved with both groups relating to the content validity of the clinical decision pathway content, and ease of use. Conclusion: Driving is a meaningful goal for all adults who have health-related challenges. A comprehensive driving clinical decision pathway has been developed and made available that supports Australian non-driver trained occupational therapists to address driving as an occupation that maintains individuals’ independence and public safety.
Looking beyond ‘couple’: Exploring the relationship between co-conductors facilitating experiential groups for psychodynamic psychotherapy students
Authors: Dudley Jane , Caton Mike 
Published: July 2024

The authors use the theoretical framework of group analysis to facilitate experiential small and median groups for students on trainings in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. Even though in our many years of clinical and educative group practice it would usually be a definite no, the authors found themselves debating whether members who revealed they were a couple in the past could in fact be together in a group. This discussion prompted the authors to reflect closely on their co-facilitator relationship, causing them to consider what they understood by ‘couple’. It offered an opportunity (previously unconscious) to explore what they had experienced in group trainings and within their own group practice—that of the frequent binary fixing of conductors as male/female and heterosexual, and whether such fixing may be a defence by the group, including the group conductors, against allowing and exploring a more fluid, nuanced exploration of gender and sexuality. The authors propose that instead of small experiential groups, median groups may offer a richer opportunity for such exploration.
Moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot predicted using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Li Shanshan , Shi Lei , Li Lixia , Cui Xiuming 
Published: July 2024

The rapid determination of moisture content in Panax notoginseng taproot (PNT) was determined using a portable near infrared spectrometer (900∼1700 nm). First, to reduce baseline offset of the spectra Savitzky-Golay and standard normal variate transformation were combined to preprocess the original spectral data. Then, competitive adaptive reweighting sampling and bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS) were employed to extract feature wavelengths that could characterize the moisture content information of PNT respectively. Finally, the least square support vector regression (LSSVR) model was established based on feature spectra and full spectra. To improve the prediction accuracy of the model, a LSSVR model based on the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) was proposed, and the optimization results were compared with those of the snake optimizer and particle swarm optimization. The results indicated that the best prediction model was BOSS-AOA-LSSVR, with r2 and RMSEP values of 0.96 and 0.03%, respectively. Thus, it is feasible to predict the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot by portable near infrared spectroscopy in combination with BOSS-AOA-LSSVR. The results show that portable near infrared spectroscopy can be used to predict the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproot, which provides a theoretical basis for the rapid and non-destructive detection of the moisture content of Panax notoginseng taproots.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on CLABSI prevention in the Intensive Care Unit: An observational study
Authors: Muschitiello Vito , Marseglia Carmela , Cusanno Luisa , Termine Monica , Morgigno Aurora , Schingaro Martina , Calamita Maurizio 
Published: July 2024

Background: Management of central venous catheters (CVC) is a frequent procedure in intensive care units (ICUs) and the risk of bloodstream infections (CLABSI) is found to be high. The literature provides healthcare professionals with guidelines to prevent the risk of CLABSI infections. The aim of this study was to observe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ICU nurses on the prevention of CLABSI. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2023 and September 2023; the research was carried out among six ICUs in Bari both on the web and in paper mode. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions structured in two sections: demographic sample data and the 2017 Esposito MR questionnaire, drawn up based on the 2011 guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, consisting of four dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, practices, information. Results: 121 nurses (57.1%) participated in the study. 72% were unfamiliar with the guidelines, especially nurses aged 41–50 years (RR = 1.88; CI = 0.78–4.51; p = 0.13) and more than 10 years’ work experience (RR = 1.56; CI = 0.76–3.23; p = 0.20). Regarding attitudes, nurses were aware of the usefulness of the guidelines (Me = 10; IQR = 8–10) and the importance of hand washing for prevention (Me = 10; IQR = 10–10) despite 39.7% ( n = 48) believing that gloves replace hand washing, and there were no statistically significant differences in comparing scores with age, work experience, and educational qualification. 96.7% always substituted dressing for CVC; 120 nurses (99.2%) were always replacing infusion sets and 71.2% always sanitized the access ports before infusions. Finally, 102 participants (84.3%) felt the need to get more information about the prevention of CLABSI. Conclusions: We observed a reduced knowledge of the guidelines for the prevention of CLABSI despite the attitudes and practices of the nurses being satisfactory. In addition to implementing training, strategies for disseminating guidelines should be adopted.