bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'adoption au Brésil aujourd'hui
Authors: Cardoso de Mello Anna Christina 
Published: October 2013

À partir de son expérience d’expert psychologue au tribunal de justice de São Paulo, l’auteur présente l’adoption au Brésil, commente les procédures d’adoption nationale et internationale, ainsi que les défis et les difficultés, et donne des chiffres concernant les enfants et les adolescents adoptables et les familles postulantes. Elle expose l’accompagnement pendant le processus d’adoption, dès l’évaluation des candidats, en passant par la préparation des enfants et des adolescents, la période du rapprochement dans le foyer d’accueil, le stage de vie commune et la postadoption. La conclusion de l’auteur est positive : les bénéfices l’emportent sur les obstacles, puisqu’il existe aujourd’hui une plus grande maîtrise des connaissances, une meilleure gestion des situations difficiles, ainsi qu’un travail transdisciplinaire entre le réseau des services et le système de garantie des droits.
Application of case discussions to improve anatomy learning in Syria
Authors: Sabbagh Mohammad Ayman 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Aims: Designing a new approach for learning gross anatomy to improve students′ motivation to study anatomy and to enable them to learn independently through case discussion. Materials and Methods: The study included newly registered students in the first academic year. The total number of students was 165, who were divided by alphabetical order into 15 groups of 11 students. Each group was led by one faculty member and each faculty member lead 3 groups. Each group met twice a week for 2 weeks to discuss one case related to the upper limb anatomy. Students took pre- and posttests and completed an opinion questionnaire about the case discussions. Results: The pretest score shows that 20% of the students received grades of 60% or above and that 80% received grades less than 60%. The posttest showed that 45% of the students received grades of 60% or above and that 55% received grades less than 60%. There was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest for grades <60% (P = 0.0000) and less significant for grades >60% (P = 0.0023). In addition, 17% of students achieved the same results (less than 60%) in both the pre- and posttests. The questionnaire revealed that all students stated that the discussion method was useful in their learning process, helped them to increase their motivation to study anatomy (85%), know the usefulness of studying anatomy (84%), and understand the problems (91%). Conclusions: The implementation of the case discussion in teaching anatomy can increase the students′ understanding and motivate them to learn.
Frequency, risk factors, and antibiogram of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India
Authors: Dash Muktikesh , Padhi Sanghamitra , Pattnaik Swetlana , Mohanty Indrani , Misra Pooja 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Background: For the past two decades, Acinetobacter spp. have emerged as an important pathogen globally in various infections. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the frequency, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. from various clinical samples. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, hospital record-based, cross-sectional study included a total of 8749 clinical samples collected from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India from July 2010 to December 2012. The samples were processed and identified by standard protocol. The Acinetobacter isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method [according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines]. Results: From 8749 clinical samples, 4589 (52.5%) yielded significant growth and only 137 (3%, 137/4589) Acinetobacter spp. were isolated. Maximum (56.9%) isolates were obtained from pus/swab, followed by blood (13.1%) and urine (12.4%). Elderly age, being inpatients, longer duration of stay in the hospital, associated co-morbidity, and invasive procedure were found to be significant risk factors in the setup investigated (P is less than 0.05). Out of 137 isolates, 75 (54.7%) were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics (multidrug resistant) and 8 (5.8%) were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics (pan-drug resistant). Majority of the isolates were sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam, and showed resistance rates of 19%, 22%, and 23%, respectively. All eight pan-drug resistant isolates were 100% sensitive to colistin. Conclusion: This hospital-based epidemiological data will help to implement better infection control strategies and improve the knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns in our region.
Las empresas en Facebook y Twitter. Situación actual y estrategias comunicativas
Authors: Pérez Dasilva Jesús Ángel , Genaut Arratibel Aingeru , Meso Aierdi Koldo , Mendiguren Galdospin Terese , Marauri Castillo Iñigo , Iturregui Mardaras Leire , Rodríguez González María del Mar , Rivero Santamarina Diana 
Published: October 2013

Dada su influencia, las empresas se están viendo obligadas a integrar las redes sociales en sus estrategias de comunicación. Objetivos. Pretendemos ofrecer una visión general sobre el uso de Facebook y Twitter en las principales marcas comerciales en España y analizamos la actividad de las cuentas más sensibles a las críticas para conocer la estrategia comunicativa de sus responsables. Método. Se han seleccionado las cuentas de las tres marcas con mayor inversión publicitaria en 15 sectores, recopilando y procesando 5.433 tweets y 3.000 posts en una tabla analítica. Conclusiones. Queda demostrada la presencia masiva de estas compañías en las redes sociales, al tiempo que se constata la variabilidad extrema del número de seguidores, el tráfico y la naturaleza de la información. Sin embargo, se ha podido demostrar que el uso que se le da a las distintas redes y las estrategias comunicativas requeridas en unas y en otras son distinguibles e identificables.
The Integration of Nanotechnology and Biology for Cell Engineering: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Krishnan Uma Maheswari , Sethuraman Swaminathan 
Published: October 2013

Introduction: Successful tissue engineering strategies leading to the regeneration of a tissue depend on many factors, starting from the choice of appropriate scaffold material, tailoring the surface functionalities and topography, providing the correct amount of chemical and mechanical stimuli at the appropriate time points, and ensuring the uniform and precise localization of cells. Further challenges arise when more than one cell type has to be employed for the effective regeneration of an organ.Importance: Though the use of nanomaterials has improved tissue engineering, many pitfalls still exist that present a roadblock in the translation of tissue engineering strategies to clinical practice. Apart from employing different materials with distinct surface functionalities and mechanical properties, various strategies have been employed to manipulate the surface topography and chemistry of scaffolds to create a biomimetic microenvironment for effective tissue regeneration.Conclusion: This review provides information about the factors influencing tissue engineering, namely geometry, chemistry, mechanics and cells, and the emerging concepts that may well represent the future of regenerative medicine. Electrospinning techniques and their variants, self-assembly, cell-printing techniques and cell sheet engineering, have all been elaborated in detail. These novel techniques may serve to overcome the challenges currently faced in tissue engineering.
Jeanne Pomerleau. Profession : faire connaître les métiers d’autrefois
Authors: Lambert Serge 
Published: October 2013

Jeanne Pomerleau est attirée par tous les métiers pratiqués par nos ancêtres depuis la Nouvelle-France. Elle s’attaque à des recherches exhaustives qui la mèneront au fil des ans à regrouper le fruit de ses recherches dans divers ouvrages. Déterminée, passionnée, organisée et surtout motivée au possible, elle ne dérogera jamais de son but. Sa bibliographie compte plus d’une douzaine de livres consacrés à son objet de prédilection et documentant les métiers sédentaires, les métiers d’aventures et les métiers ambulants. Bref, on peut dire de cette chercheuse indépendante qu’elle a inventé une profession : celle de nous faire connaître les métiers d’autrefois et de nous présenter la vie quotidienne de ces gens au cours de différentes époques.
Aortic Stenosis: New Thoughts on a Cardiac Disease of Older People
Authors: Rogers Felix J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We have entered a new era in understanding degenerative aortic stenosis in elderly patients. With the aging of the US population and the progressive decrease in coronary heart disease prevalence in the past 50 years, aortic stenosis has become a major cardiac concern. New perspectives of the disease now lead us to see the condition in terms of the response of the left ventricle and of systemic features, rather than just in terms of the valve area itself. A new classification of aortic stenosis recognizes 4 categories based on flow state (normal or low) and valve gradient (high or low). “Paradoxical” low-flow, low-gradient stenosis has a dismal prognosis in spite of a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. New measures of aortic flow and the response of the left ventricle provide new insights into the treatment of patients with this condition.
Hyperspectral aerosol optical depths from TCAP flights
Authors: Shinozuka Y. , Johnson R. R. , Flynn C. J. , Russell P. B. , Schmid B. , Redemann J. , Dunagan S. E. , Kluzek C. D. , Hubbe J. M. , Segal‐Rosenheimer M. , Livingston J. M. , Eck T. F. , Wagener R. , Gregory L. , Chand D. , Berg L. K. , Rogers R. R. , Ferrare R. A. , Hair J. W. , Hostetler C. A. , Burton S. P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe 4STAR (Spectrometer for Sky‐Scanning, Sun‐Tracking Atmospheric Research), a hyperspectral airborne Sun photometer, acquired aerosol optical depths (AOD) at 1 Hz during all July 2012 flights of the Two‐Column Aerosol Project. Root‐mean‐square differences from Aerosol Robotic Network ground‐based observations were 0.01 at wavelengths between 500–1020 nm, 0.02 at 380 and 1640 nm, and 0.03 at 440 nm in four clear‐sky fly‐over events, and similar in ground side‐by‐side comparisons. Changes in the above‐aircraft AOD across 3 km deep spirals were typically consistent with integrals of coincident in situ (on Department of Energy Gulfstream 1 with 4STAR) and lidar (on NASA B200) extinction measurements within 0.01, 0.03, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.02 at 355, 450, 532, 550, 700, and 1064 nm, respectively, despite atmospheric variations and combined measurement uncertainties. Finer vertical differentials of the 4STAR measurements matched the in situ ambient extinction profile within 14% for one homogeneous column. For the AOD observed between 350 and 1660 nm, excluding strong water vapor and oxygen absorption bands, estimated uncertainties were ~0.01 and dominated by (then) unpredictable throughput changes, up to ±0.8%, of the fiber optic rotary joint. The favorable intercomparisons herald 4STAR's spatially resolved high‐frequency hyperspectral products as a reliable tool for climate studies and satellite validation.
Self‐Assembly Mechanism of Spiky Magnetoplasmonic Supraparticles
Authors: Zhou Hongjian , Kim Jong‐Pil , Bahng Joong Hwan , Kotov Nicholas A. , Lee Jaebeom 
Published: October 2013

Concave nanoparticles (NPs) with complex angled and non‐Platonic geometries have unique optical, magnetic, catalytic, and biological properties originating from the singularities of the electrical field in apexes and craters. Preparation of such particles with a uniform size/shape and core–shell morphology represents a significant challenge, largely because of the poor knowledge of their formation mechanism. Here, this challenge is addressed and a study of the mechanism of their formation is presented for a case of complex spiky morphologies that led us to the conclusion that NPs with concave geometries can be, in fact, supraparticles (SPs) produced via the self‐assembly of smaller convex integrants. This mechanism is exemplified by the vivid case of spiky SPs formed via the attachment of small and faceted Au NPs on smooth Au‐coated iron oxide (Fe3O4@Au) seeds. The theoretical calculations of energies of primary interactions—electrostatic repulsion and van‐der Waals repulsion, elaborated for this complex case—confirm experimental observation and the self‐limiting mechanism of SP formation. Besides demonstrating the mechanistic aspects of synthesis of NPs with complex geometries, this work also uncovers a facile approach for preparation of concave magnetoplasmonic particles. When combined with a spiky geometry, such bi‐functional magnetoplasmonic SPs can serve as a unique platform for optoelectronic devices and biomedical applications.
Autopsy of patients with yusho
Authors: Kikuchi Masahiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAutopsy findings of 12 patients with Yusho including 2 stillborn babies are reported. Characteristic pathological changes were acne‐like eruptions and cutaneous pigmentation with histological features of follicular hyperkeratosis, dilated hair follicles, and an increase of melanin pigment of the epidermis. In addition to the skin lesions, multiplication of the duct epithelium of the esophageal gland was found in 6 patients. Unusual multiple small foci of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis with basophilic myofibrillar degeneration were found in one patient, suggesting a relation to PCB exposure. Five cases with carcinomas (two involving the liver, two the lung, and one the esophagus) were also found, but their causal relationship with PCB was not certain. Nine cases showed the characteristic gas chromatographic pattern of Yusho, but two cases had the same one as that of healthy controls.
Dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients in Taiwan and their treatments
Authors: Lü Yau‐Chin , Wong Pin‐Nan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper describes in detail the dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients poisoned with PCBs and related compounds in Taiwan. Together with their symptoms, their skin lesions as well as their hematological, immunological, and other clinical features are explained. A grading of their clinical severity was tried, and its possible association with PCB concentrations in their blood was examined but could not be demonstrated. Various treatments have been applied but without notable success. Even so, a follow‐up study of patients one year later showed that about 38% of patients were somewhat clinically improved, while 54% were not altered.
Occupation and squamous cell cancers of the pharynx and sinonasal cavity
Authors: Vaughan Thomas L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLifetime job histories from a population‐based case‐control study of squamous cell carcinomas of the oro‐ and hypopharynx (OHPC), nasopharynx (NPC), and sinonasal cavity (SNC) were systematically examined to generate new hypotheses as well as to test previously noted associations between occupation and the cancers under study. The effects of both duration of employment in a particular job and the timing of the employment in relation to cancer diagnosis were investigated in a stratified analysis that controlled for cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and other major risk factors. Overall, data on 231 cases and 552 controls were analyzed.Occupations at increased risk of OHPC included “food service” workers in the “retail trade” industry (odds ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.0–3.6), “vehicle mechanics” in the “repair services” industry (OR = 2.5; CI = 0.8–8.3), “industrial mechanics” (OR = 31.0; CI = 3.0–315.1), and “carpenters” in the “contruction” industry (OR = 1.5; CI = 0.7–3.4). For NPC, similar patterns of increased risk were found for “food service” workers and “vehicle mechanics.” For “carpenters” in the “construction” industry, the relative risk estimate was almost five (OR = 4.8; CI = 1.2–19.4). Increases in SNC risk were noted for “food service” workers, as well as a number of occupations in the “lumber and wood product manufacturing” industry, including “forestry and logging” (OR = 2.0; CI = 0.5–8.2), and “wood working machine operators” (OR = 7.9; CI = 1.6–39.2). In each of these instances, the relative risk estimates increased with increasing duration in the job and when a 15‐year induction/latency period was taken into account.
Outcome of pregnancy in women engaged in laboratory work at a petrochemical plant
Authors: Axelsson GÖSta , Rylander Ragnar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of the investigation was to study whether laboratory work or other types of chemical work at one petrochemical plant were associated with an increased risk for miscarriage or reduced birthweight. The study was based on questionnaire data for 95% of the women working at the plant between 1973 and 1987. A statistically significant difference between observed and expected number of miscarriages (p < 0.05) was seen during the period 1970–1974 among women working in one of the laboratories during the first trimester. No suspicions could be raised against any specific chemical as a cause of the unsuccessful pregnancies. The results do not indicate the presence of an increased risk today.
Lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue cancer in a chemical manufacturing environment
Authors: Ott M. Gerald , Teta M. Jane , Greenberg Howard L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNested case‐control studies of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (52 cases), multiple myeloma (20 cases), nonlymphocytic leukemia (39 cases), and lymphocytic leukemia (18 cases) were conducted within a cohort of employed men from two chemical manufacturing facilities and a research and development center. Exposure odds ratios were examined in relation to 111 work areas, 21 specific chemicals, and 52 chemical activity groups. Associations were observed for a maintenance and construction subgroup (non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma) and a chlorohydrin production unit (nonlymphocytic leukemia). The odds ratio for the association of “foremen and others” with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was 3.2 (CI95 = 1.47–7.2) based on 11 cases. A duration‐response trend was observed for the chlorohydrin unit with three of four cases assigned 5 + years to that unit. An association between non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and assignment to strong acid alcohol production units (OR = 8.3; CI95 = 2.3–30.7) was not supported by a duration‐response trend. Two highly correlated chemical groups, antioxidants (five cases) and nitriles (four cases), were over‐represented among multiple myeloma cases. A duration effect was observed. However, examination of work histories did not reveal common jobs or departments among these cases.
Follow‐up of hearing thresholds among forge hammering workers
Authors: Kamal Abdel‐Aziz M. , Mikael Raouf A. , Faris Rifky 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHearing threshold was reexamined in a group of forge hammering workers investigated 8 years ago with consideration of the age effect and of auditory symptoms. Workers were exposed to impact noise that ranged from 112 to 139 dB(A)—at an irregular rate of 20 to 50 drop/minute—and a continuous background noise that ranged from 90 to 94 dB(A). Similar to what was observed 8 years ago, the present permanent threshold shift (PTS) showed a maximum notch at the frequency of 6 kHz and considerable elevations at the frequencies of 0.25–1 kHz. The age‐corrected PTS and the postexposure hearing threshold were significantly higher than the corresponding previous values at the frequencies 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 8 kHz only. The rise was more evident at the low than at the high frequencies. Temporary threshold shift (TTS) values were significantly less than those 8 years ago. Contrary to the previous TTS, the present TTS were higher at low than at high frequencies. Although progression of PTS at the frequencies 0.25 and 0.5 kHz was continuous throughout the observed durations of exposure, progression at higher frequencies occurred essentially in the first 10 to 15 years of exposure. Thereafter, it followed a much slower rate. Tinnitus was significantly associated with difficulty in hearing the human voice and with elevation of PTS at all the tested frequencies, while acoustic after‐image was significantly associated with increment of PTS at the frequencies 0.25–2 kHz. No relation between PTS and smoking was found. PTS at low frequencies may provide an indication of progression of hearing damage when the sensitivity at 6 and 4 kHz diminishes after prolonged years of exposure. Tinnitus and acoustic after‐image are related to the auditory effect of forge hammering noise.
Oculotoxins: Effects, implications, and importance in occupational health
Authors: Srivastava A.K. , Gupta B.N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA large number of chemicals are being used in industries. The potential of many of these chemicals to cause ocular damage has been well documented. It is therefore important that proper attention be given to the prevention of visual handicap among the population exposed to industrial chemicals. The aim of the present article is to create awareness and provoke discussion among concerned health personnel and administrators.
Health effects of organic dust exposure in dairy farmers
Authors: Malmberg Per 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExposure to farm dust may cause asthma, rhinitis, allergic alveolitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, and chronic bronchitis. Febrile reactions to inhaled dusts are common and are usually of a toxic rather than an allergic type. Some evidence indicates that dairy farmers may have an increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis, allergic asthma, rhinitis, and chronic airflow limitation, but this has not been conclusively shown. Storage mites and cow dander are important allergens in dairy farming. Inflammation of airways may in part be caused by immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. Other mechanisms, such as activation of inflammatory cells from toxic agents or high exposure levels, may be of considerable importance in causing airway and lung disease.
Characterization of health effects of wood dust exposures
Authors: Enarson Donald A. , Chan‐Yeung Moira 
Published: October 2013

AbstractExposure to wood dust is a common occurrence in all countries and may cause various diseases. These include extrinsic allergic alveolitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, occupational asthma, non‐asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction, and simple chronic bronchitis (mucus hypersecretion). Of these conditions, the most common are simple chronic bronchitis and non‐asthmatic chronic airflow obstruction. The level and pattern of occurrence of these conditions varies with the type of wood dust, climatic conditions, and the manner in which it is handled, particularly the use of fungicides. The prevalence and characteristics of the conditions associated with wood dust exposure are very similar to those due to grain dust exposure.
Unifying concepts underlying the effects of organic dust exposures
Authors: Richerson Hal B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDefense mechanisms protect the lung very well from inhaled organic dusts. With sufficient exposure to certain dusts, however, susceptible individuals develop hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), the organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS), or asthma. Mucous membrane irritation (MMI) bothers some individuals inhaling grain dust. Allergic asthma is caused by IgE‐meditated immunologic responses to allergenic dust contaminants. ODTS can be explained by a nonimmunologic release of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) and perhaps other endogenous pyrogens from alveolar macrophages by endotoxin or other ingredients of dusts. The pathogenesis of HP may involve IL‐1 release combined with a specific immunological response by effector T‐lymphocytes. MMI may be the result of an irritant effect not involving immune responses or mediators.