bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: An evaluation of its utility in a community setting
Authors: Le Andre R , Thompson Gregory W , Hoyt Benjamin John A 
Published: March 2015

Background Thyroid cancer rates are on the rise worldwide with over 5000 new cases estimated in Canada in 2012. The American Thyroid Association recommends the use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) in the workup of thyroid nodules. Studies show that thyroid FNA accuracy may vary based on interpretation by cytopathologists in academic versus community centres. To date, there has been no literature published addressing the accuracy or utility of preoperative FNA in a Canadian community center. Our goals were to demonstrate the accuracy of thyroid FNA at our centre, and to compare our results to those published in the literature. Methods Medical records for patients who underwent thyroidectomy performed by two otolaryngologists in Fredericton, NB, between September 2008 and February 2013 were reviewed. 125 patients with 197 FNAs were analyzed. Fisher's Exact test was used to compare the malignancy rates in each FNA category, and Chi-Square test was used for FNA distribution comparison. Results The distribution of all FNA diagnoses at our centre was as follows: 38 (19%) benign, 100 (51%) inconclusive, 8 (4%) suspicious for malignancy, 2 (1%) malignant, and 49 (25%) unsatisfactory. FNA distribution was significantly different between our centre and comparison centres (Chi-Square p < 0.05). Our malignancy rates within each category using each FNA sample as a data point were 26.3%, 29.0%, 75%, 100% and 12.2% respectively. Comparison to other community studies revealed that we have significantly higher malignancy rates with benign FNAs (Fisher's exact p = <0.05). Analysis using our most malignant FNA data yielded similar results. Conclusion Thyroid FNA accuracy varies between institutions, and this may affect its utility in the workup of a thyroid nodule at some centres. Expert cytopathology opinions may be an asset in interpreting FNA samples in small community centres where volumes are relatively low, however our data do not support this assertion. It is essential that physicians continue to use clinical judgment first and foremost when evaluating thyroid nodules.
Superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces based on TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 composite films for photovoltaic module cover glass
Authors: Jesus Magnum Augusto Moraes Lopes de , Neto João Trajano da Silva , Timò Gianluca , Paiva Paulo Renato Perdigão , Dantas Maria Sylvia S , Ferreira Angela de Mello 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Self-cleaning surfaces have excelled in recent years in energy and environmental fields. In particular, in solar energy area, these surfaces are used to avoid soiling accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules. So far TiO2 has been widely used due to its photocatalytic activity and photo-induced superhydrophilicity. However, this oxide has some limitations since it reduces the glass transmittance and it rapidly reestablish the water contact angle in dark environments. In order to circumvent these limitations, composites TiO2/SiO2 have been proposed. For photovoltaic application, besides a good transparency in the wavelength region 300–1800 nm and self-cleaning properties, the coating should also present long durability and adequate adhesion to endure the outdoor conditions. Aiming at developing a coating with these properties, in this work, TiO2/SiO2 composites containing different titanium content have been synthesized and compared with pure TiO2 films in relation to adhesion, transparency and hydrophilicity. Both films have been deposited over low iron float glass substrates by sol–gel dip-coating technique and different calcination temperatures (400, 500, 600°C) and Si/Ti molar rates (Si86Ti14, Si40Ti60) have been considered. TiO2/SiO2 films showed higher transmittance in visible range compared with pure TiO2. TiO2/SiO2 films showed superhydrophilic character before and after ultraviolet irradiation, with water contact angles near to 0°. Furthermore, as predicted, TiO2/SiO2 films could keep the superhydrophilic character in dark environments, in contrast with pure TiO2 films. Both TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 films exhibited good adherence and it is shown that higher calcination temperatures and higher titanium content enhance such property. All films presented abrasion resistant property in contact with sponge and detergent. It has been demonstrated that high transmittance, self-cleaning and adherent composite has been obtained by a simple sol–gel route presenting good potential to be applied on photovoltaics systems.
Geophysical imaging of Silurian carbonates by use of ground and airborne electromagnetic and radiometric methods on the island of Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Persson Lena , Erlström Mikael 
Published: March 2015

The island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea exhibits rock types dominated by limestone and marlstone, deposited in a Silurian carbonate platform environment. The strata are extensively exposed in outcrops, quarries, and coastal cliff sections. Low-lying marlstone-dominated areas are separated by highs dominated by limestone. The surface bedrock is well known, but the subsurface composition down to a 100-m depth has, until recent deployment of modern geophysical measurements, been largely unknown. Our geophysical surveys and methods were performed with the aim to evaluate their usefulness in characterizing the upper 100 m of the bedrock in a carbonate-dominated bedrock setting. The surveys were performed in connection to a bedrock mapping project including geologic and geophysical investigations. The airborne techniques complemented by ground measurements and correlation with outcrops and boreholes resulted in a definition of bedrock boundaries and especially subsurface characterization of bedding sequences. The airborne electromagnetic (very low frequency) survey was accompanied by radio magnetotelluric (RMT) measurement on the ground along several profiles. The difference in resistivity between high-resistive limestone overlaying a more conductive marlstone gave favorable conditions for this type of survey. The results have so far given new and valuable information on the thickness of the limestone as well as the distinction of lateral changes of the bedrock related to the depositional setting. The RMT measurements have made it possible in a new way to remotely map out bedding sequences in carbonates and to detect saline groundwater and fracture zones. In addition, a recently performed airborne transient electromagnetic survey contributed to the interpretation of the RMT measurements that we evaluated. The applied geophysical methodology and correlation with outcrops revealed carbonate bedrock with geophysical properties, enabling a better understanding concerning the groundwater conditions, limestone resources, and radon situation on the island of Gotland.
Natural-hydraulic fracture interaction: Microseismic observations and geomechanical predictions
Authors: Huang Jian , Safari Reza , Mutlu Uno , Burns Kevin , Geldmacher Ingo , McClure Mark , Jackson Stuart 
Published: March 2015

Natural fractures can reactivate during hydraulic stimulation and interact with hydraulic fractures producing a complex and highly productive natural-hydraulic fracture network. This phenomenon and the quality of the resulting conductive reservoir area are primarily functions of the natural fracture network characteristics (e.g., spacing, height, length, number of fracture sets, orientation, and frictional properties); in situ stress state (e.g., stress anisotropy and magnitude); stimulation design parameters (e.g., pumping schedule, the type/volume of fluid[s], and proppant); well architecture (number and spacing of stages, perforation length, well orientation); and the physics of the natural-hydraulic fracture interaction (e.g., crossover, arrest, reactivation). Geomechanical models can quantify the impact of key parameters that control the extent and complexity of the conductive reservoir area, with implications to stimulation design and well optimization in the field. We have developed a series of geomechanical simulations to predict natural-hydraulic fracture interaction and the resulting fracture network in complex settings. A geomechanics-based sensitivity analysis was performed that integrated key reservoir-geomechanical parameters to forward model complex fracture network generation, synthetic microseismic (MS) response, and associated conductivity paths as they evolve during stimulation operations. The simulations tested two different natural-hydraulic fracture interaction scenarios and could generate synthetic MS events. The sensitivity analysis revealed that geomechanical models that involve complex fracture networks can be calibrated against MS data and can help to predict the reservoir response to stimulation and optimize the conductive reservoir area. We analyzed a field data set (obtained from two hydraulically fractured wells in the Barnett Formation, Tarrant County, Texas) and established a coupling between the geomechanics and MS within the framework of a 3D geologic model. This coupling provides a mechanics-based approach to (1) verify MS trends and anomalies in the field, (2) optimize conductive reservoir area for reservoir simulations, and (3) improve stimulation design on the current well in near-real-time and well design/stimulation for future wells.
Application of a Flow-injection Spin-trapping ESR Method for Evaluating the Alkoxy Radical Elimination Capacity (AREC) of Selected Antioxidants
Authors: Nakajima Akira , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Kawai Kiyoshi , Miyake Yusuke , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A flow-injection spin-trapping ESR system using DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) was developed for quantitative detection of the alkoxy radicals (•OR, R = C(CH3)2-C(+NH2Cl−)NH2) formed by thermal decomposition of AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2,4-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride). This system was applied to estimate the alkoxy radical elimination capacity of selected antioxidants by using Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), as a standard.
Stability of Copper Nitride Nanoparticles under High Humidity and in Solutions with Different Acidity
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Katayama Misaki , Watanabe Toshiki , Inada Yasuhiro , Ebina Takeo , Yamaguchi Aritomo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Stability of copper nitride nanoparticles under high humidity and in acidic and alkaline solutions was investigated. The copper nitride was exposed to the humid condition (RH 85%, 358 K) for three weeks, which resulted in decomposition to copper oxide as revealed by XRD and XAFS analyses. However, the copper nitride nanoparticles were stable in acidic and alkaline solutions even for 11 days. We established conservation conditions for the copper nitride nanoparticles.
Ring-opening Fluorination of Cyclobutanols and Cyclopropanols Catalyzed by Silver
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Okumura Shintaro , Nakanishi Yuuta , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Cyclobutanols and cyclopropanols underwent ring-opening fluorination upon treatment with Selectfluor in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of a silver salt. The reaction provides an efficient method to synthesize γ- and β-fluoroalkyl ketones.
L'esthétique du paysage grec chez Edgar Quinet
Authors: Argyropoulos Roxane D. 
Published: March 2015

<p>Dans l'horizon intellectuel du début du XIXe siècle, on observe de nouvelles approches sur le paysage qui sont le corollaire du goût de l'époque pour l'exotisme et sa tendance au relativisme historique. Nous y assistons à "une poétique des ruines" dans laquelle les ruines, tout en perdant la fonction première pour laquelle ces constructions du passé avaient été conçues, font surgir tout un monde vivant dans un aujourd'hui fait de réminiscences. Edgar Quinet, en évoquant son séjour en Grèce, présente une réflexion sur l'hellénisme qui se caractérise par une longue et progressive appréhension des paramètres du monde grec en tant qu'entité culturelle, en rendant présente toute sa polyphonie historique et esthétique. Υ sa manière, il adopte l'optique herdérienne de l'intériorisation, mais à la différence de Herder, il n'abandonne pas tout à fait la perception extérieure des choses qui correspond à la raison des Lumières. Υ la suite de Georg Friederich Creuzer, son maître à Heidelberg, le jeune Quinet historicise le langage symbolique, et voit dans le symbole et le mythe un langage spontané. Il tend à comprendre la compénétration des arts et de la nature, et il choisit de retenir la configuration spatiale et de décrire les vestiges des monuments pour arriver au temps passé.</p><p> </p>
War, Crisis and Sovereign Loans: The Greek War of Independence and British Economic Expansion in the 1820s
Authors: Chatziioannou Maria Christina 
Published: March 2015

<p>This article focuses on the principal actors who undertook the financial intermediation of the Greek loans of 1824 and 1825 and the agents who carried it out, the financial market, the stock market exchange and the joint-stock corporate organization. The main argument is that there was an asymmetric relationship between these principal<br />actors and agents. My research hypothesis works on the convergence of two different crises at the same time: the systemic banking crisis of 1825 in London; and the severe internal crisis for the insurgent Greeks. I argue that the causes for these “hapless loans” could be more complex, beyond the known moral critique.</p>
Fighting the Financial Crisis in Greece: The Privileged Company to Protect Production and Trade in Currants (1905) as International Bank Cooperation
Authors: Schönhärl Korinna 
Published: March 2015

<p>The global economic crisis in the 1890s affected the economy of Greece severely, and in 1893 the Greek State had to stop servicing its foreign debt. Part of the<br />problem was the lack of diversity of Greek agricultural production, which was focused on raisins and currants (especially flavourful raisins, grown exclusively in the area around Corinth) for export. The collapse of market prices for this good seriously affected the Greek treasury and society in the growing regions. The Greek government responded by trying to withhold part of the harvest in fertile years to stabilise world market prices. Plans to organise a monopoly company for the currant trade necessitated high sums of capital from abroad. This article investigates the question of how foreign bankers in London (Hambro &amp; Son, Emile Erlanger) and Paris (Banque de l’Union Parisienne) could be convinced to participate in the project. Which factors allowed foreign bankers to trust in the Greek national economy despite its poor reputation? What factors influenced their risk management? The focus is on the role of Greek brokers in persuading the foreigners to invest in Greece, especially the role played by Ioannis Pesmazoglou, the director of the young and innovative Bank of Athens.</p>
A “Dynasty” of Hellenists in twentieth-century Bucharest: Demosthene Russo, Ariadna Camariano-Cioran and Nestor Camariano
Authors: Rados Leonidas 
Published: March 2015

<p>Romanian academic circles became more interested in the study of Greek-Romanian relations towards the end of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth. Demosthene Russo, a young Greek immigrant to Romania, educated at Constantinople, Athens, Berlin and Leipzig, profited from this favourable trend; he managed to establish at the University of Bucharest, after 1915, a powerful centre for Byzantine and Neohellenic research and to impose his own critical school, based upon a rigorous method, in direct competition with the line directed by the most highly acknowledged Romanian historian, Nicolae Iorga, a researcher with many achievements and famous initiatives in South-East European studies. In the interwar period Russo took on the responsibility for the education of his nephew and niece, Nestor and Ariadna Camariano, to whom he transmitted his appetite for detailed research and critical methods in his field and whom he left to continue his work. The three have deeply marked the study of the history of Hellenism; they distinguished themselves, sometimes under unfavourable circumstances, by their valuable scientific production, opening new directions in the cultural history of South-East Europe.</p>
Errata Corrige to “Pragmatic and dialogic interpretation of bi-intuitionism. Part I”
Authors: Bellin Gianluigi , Carrara Massimiliano , Chiffi Daniele , Menti Alessandro 
Published: March 2015

The goal of [3] is to sketch the construction of a syntactic categorical model of the bi-intuitionistic logic of assertions and hypotheses AH, axiomatized in a sequent calculus AH-G1, and to show that such a model has a chirality-like structure inspired by the notion of dialogue chirality by P-A. Melliès [8]. A chirality consists of a pair of adjoint functors L ⊣ R, with L: A → B, R: B → A, and of a functor (.)* : A → Bop(0,1) satisfying certain conditions. The definition of the logic AH in [3] needs to be modified so that our categories A and B are actually dual. With this modification, a more complex structure emerges.
A Theory of Market Pioneers, Dynamic Capabilities, and Industry Evolution
Authors: Mitchell Matthew , Skrzypacz Andrzej 
Published: March 2015

We analyze a model of industry evolution where the number of active submarkets is endogenously determined by pioneering innovation from incumbents and entrants. Incumbent pioneers enjoy an advantage of additional pioneering innovation via a dynamic capability that takes the form of an improved technology for innovation in young submarkets. Entrants are motivated in part by a desire to acquire the dynamic capability. We show that dynamic capabilities increase total innovation, but whether the capability confers an advantage in terms of marginal or average cost is important in determining how the impact of dynamic capabilities is distributed across incumbent and entrant innovation rates. We complement the existing literature—that focuses on exogenous arrival of submarkets or the steady state of a model with constant submarkets—by describing how competition, free entry, and the dynamic capability of incumbents drive the evolution of an industry. The shift from immature to mature submarkets can lead to a shakeout in firm numbers, and it eventually leads to a reduction in total dynamic capabilities in an industry. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Queering stars: Fan play and capital appropriation in the age of digital media
Authors: Kwon Jungmin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Among many different forms of celebrity fandom, this article pays attention to fan-produced novels, that is, fanfic. In Korea, fanfic indicates a homoerotic story between two members of a singing group in real life that fan authors create and circulate online, which this article conceptualizes as queering stars. Thanks to the development of digital media, the fanfic subculture flourished, thereby capturing the eyes of the entertainment industry. This article investigates the ways in which media professionals and celebrities make use of and commercialize fans’ queering stars with a case of SM Entertainment (SME), a leading entertainment company in Korea. It argues that digitally empowered fans are repositioned as a pivotal axis in the contemporary mediascape, and the entertainment sector observes and exploits fans’ culture more than ever. This article concludes that the relationship between fans and industry is not unilateral in the digitalized and capitalized age. Rather, it is inter-animating and multi-layered, and interaction is ongoing and recurring.
The one-dimensional model for d-cones revisited
Authors: Olbermann Heiner 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A d-cone is the shape one obtains when pushing an elastic sheet at its center into a hollow cylinder. In a simple model, one can treat the
elastic sheet in the deformed configuration as a developable surface with a singularity at the “tip” of the cone.
In this approximation, the renormalized elastic energy is
given by the bending energy density integrated over some annulus in the
reference configuration. The thus defined variational problem depends on the
indentation

h

${{h}}$

of the sheet into the cylinder.
This model has been investigated before in the physics literature;
the main motivation for the present paper is to give a rigorous version of some of the results achieved there via formal arguments.
We derive the Gamma-limit of the energy functional as

h

${{h}}$

is sent to
0. Furthermore, we analyze the minimizers of the limiting functional, and list a number of necessary conditions that they have to fulfill.
Vertical or Horizontal: Endogenous Merger Waves in Vertically Related Industries
Authors: Yao Zhiyong , Zhou Wen 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Endogenous merger waves are studied in vertically related industries where firms may engage in both vertical and horizontal mergers. It is shown that whether and how firms merge depends crucially on the balance between vertical and horizontal externalities, and the balance between upstream and downstream competition. Furthermore, firms may merge with or without any fundamental change in the underlying economic conditions.
Joint Access Control Based on Access Ratio and Resource Utilization for High-Speed Railway Communications
Authors: Zhou Yuzhe , Ai Bo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe fast development of high-speed rails makes people’s life more and more convenient. However, provisioning of quality of service of multimedia applications for users on the high-speed train is a critical task for wireless communications. Therefore, new solutions are desirable to be found to address this kind of problem. Current researches mainly focus on providing seamless broadband wireless access for high-speed mobile terminals. In this paper, an algorithm to calculate the optimal resource reservation fraction of handovers is proposed. A joint access control scheme for high-speed railway communication handover scenario is proposed. Metrics of access ratio and resource utilization ratio are considered jointly in the analysis and the performance evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm and the scheme improve quality of service compared with other conventional schemes.
Rapid transfer of overexpressed integral membrane protein from the host membrane into soluble lipid nanodiscs without previous purification
Authors: Shirzad-Wasei Nazhat , van Oostrum Jenny , Bovee-Geurts Petra H.M. , Kusters Lisanne J.A. , Bosman Giel J.C.G.M. , DeGrip Willem J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Structural and functional characterization of integral membrane proteins in a bilayer environment is strongly hampered by the requirement of detergents for solubilization and subsequent purification, as detergents commonly affect their structure and/or activity. Here, we describe a rapid procedure with minimal exposure to detergent to directly assemble an overexpressed integral membrane protein into soluble lipid nanodiscs prior to purification. This is exemplified with recombinant his-tagged rhodopsin, which is rapidly extracted from its host membrane and directly assembled into membrane scaffold protein (MSP) nanodiscs. We further demonstrate that, even when the MSP was his-tagged as well, partial purification of the rhodopsin-nanodiscs could be achieved exploiting immobilized-metal chromatography. Recoveries of rhodopsin up to 80% were achieved in the purified nanodisc fraction. Over 95% of contaminating membrane protein and his-tagged MSP could be removed from the rhodopsin-nanodiscs using a single Ni2+-affinity chromatography step. This level of purification is amply sufficient for functional studies. We provide evidence that the obtained rhodopsin-nanodisc preparations are fully functional both photochemically and in their ability to bind the cognate G-protein.