bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weldability of high strength steels in wet welding conditions
Authors: Fydrych Dariusz , Łabanowski Jerzy , Rogalski Grzegorz 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper are characterized problems of high strength steel weldability in underwater wet welding conditions. Water as a welding environment intensifies action of unfavourable factors which influence susceptibility to cold cracking of welded steel joints. The susceptibility to cold cracking of S355J2G3 steel and S500M steel in wet conditions was experimentally estimated (by using Tekken test). It was concluded that the steels in question are characterized by a high susceptibility to formation of cracks in welds. Usefulness of the proposed Temper Bead Welding technique (TBW) was experimentally verified as a method for improving weldability of the steels in the analyzed conditions.
The Image of Russia and Russians as Seen by Polish University Students
Authors: Awramiuk-Godun Alina , Wites Tomasz 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The results presented in this study are part of a joint research project undertaken in 2011 by the University of Warsaw and the University of St. Petersburg entitled “The perception of Polish-Russian relations by students in Poland and Russia”. The main purpose of the research conducted in Poland was to investigate the beliefs and attitudes of students at the University of Warsaw toward Russia and Russians. Students are open to the surrounding reality, conscious of the mental and spatial proximity that links Poles and Russians, and aware of the problems that define the present-day Polish-Russian relations. A vast majority of participants are people who possess a fairly extensive knowledge of various aspects of life in Russia and express sympathy for Russia and Russian people. In the opinion of the authors, the results of the above study can be useful to teachers at universities, especially those that deal with European, socio-cultural and geographical subjects.
Stability of Land Structure of Agricultural Properties Sold by the Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych in Szczecin
Authors: Foryś Iwona , Putek–Szeląg Ewa 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Trading in agricultural land in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland) is strictly connected with the local activity of the ANR (Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych - Agricultural Market Agency), which is the effect of historical problems concerning the ownership of arable land left over from the communist era. In effect, the Polish State Treasury is still in charge of managing state-owned farmland and, therefore, plays an important role in shaping local agricultural land markets. The study includes all the sale transactions concluded by the Szczecin division of the ANR in the Zachodniopomorskie gminas.
The subjects of the study are lands described by quantitative variables, such as: property size, location, date of sale and sale price. The purpose of the study was to define the structure of agricultural land sold by the ANR. The authors verified their research hypothesis concerning the stability of land structure over time of the agricultural land being sold.
Social Valuation of City Public Residential Space
Authors: Groeger Lidia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The paper presents the attributes of good public residential space within cities. Features of public residential space significant for city inhabitants at the place of residence were defined. Valuation of the desired qualities of public residential space at the place of residence and valuation of the existing qualities of public residential space at the current place of residence were determined according to surveys conducted among 1,500 inhabitants in 6 cities. The level of maladjustment of qualities of public residential space and the expectations of inhabitants were defined according to the obtained indicators.
Analysis of Activities Aimed at Increasing the Value of Property - Research Results
Authors: Kocur-Bera Katarzyna , Dudzińska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The main aim of the study was to analyse the possibilities of increasing the market value of a property through various activities. Such activities referred to in the literature as “value based management” and are commonly applied in enterprise management. In the case of properties, this system is based on the appropriate identification of factors making up the value of the property. These factors can be divided into two groups, i.e., objective factors, independent of activities undertaken by the owner or the manager of the property, and subjective factors resulting from a consciously implemented policy. Since only the second group of activities depends on the property manager, it is possible to introduce “value based management” with regard to the manager’s activities. This article presents a case study implemented on a part of hospital property. The analysis proved that the method used can also be applied to undeveloped parts of the property and that the market value of the property in individual investigated scenarios reaches 100%.
Dynamics, structure and properties of plant litterfall in a 120-year old beech stand in Middle Pomerania between 2007-2010
Authors: Jonczak Jerzy 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Studies of plant litterfall mass, its dynamics, structure and chemical composition were conducted between 2007.2010 in a 120-year old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand located in Middle Pomerania. The annual mass of litterfall during the study period ranged from 2.793 to 5.398 t·ha.1 and its maximum was observed during the seed year. Leaves were the major component of plant litterfall and their contribution was 82.4.84.5% in the non-seed years and 47.2% during the seed year. Inflorescences, seeds, and seed coats were important components of litterfall during the seed year and accounted together up to 39.8% of the total litterfall mass. Particular fractions of litterfall significantly differed in the chemical composition. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were noticed in seeds and leaves collected in spring and the maximum content of calcium was observed in leaves collected in autumn. The weighted mean annual concentrations of nitrogen ranged within 0.81.1.13%, phosphate . 0.126.0.153%, potassium . 0.298.0.485% and calcium . 0.416.0.583%. The influx of elements with litterfall to the soil was: 167.3.225.9 kg·ha-1 of ash, 23.2.61.0 kg·ha-1 of nitrogen, 3.6.7.6 kg·ha-1 of phosphorus, 8.3.26.2 kg·ha-1 of potassium and 15.3.22.4 kg·ha-1 of calcium.
Dufourea wuae – a new name and first description of the female (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Rophitinae), with an updated checklist of the genus Dufourea in China
Authors: Shebl Mohamed , Qiang Li 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Two species of the genus Dufourea have the same scientific name, Dufourea longicornis (WARNCKE, 1979) distributed in the Middle East, and Dufourea longicornis WU, 1982 distributed in China. Dufourea wuae is a new name for Dufourea longicornis WU, 1982. The female of Dufourea wuae is described for the first time, and an updated checklist of the Chinese species of Dufourea is given; there are 29 species in total. Most species are distributed in southern China. Twenty-five of the Chinese species are endemic; only four are distributed in other areas of the western and eastern Palaearctic.
Taxonomy and ecology of Bombus pyrosoma MORAWITZ (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from the North-west Indian Himalaya
Authors: Raina Rifat H. , Saini Malkiat S. , Khan Zakir H. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Bombus pyrosoma MORAWITZ is an Oriental species. In the Indian Himalaya it is widely distributed in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim with a long seasonal activity period. Queens and males were examined from the Kashmir Himalaya during June, August and September with altitudinal distribution ranges from 2300 to 4200 m. The species is abundant from 3000 to 4000 m in the Kashmir Himalayan belt and was found foraging on large wild flowers in open areas of the mountains. It has a preference for some species of Lamiaceae, as well as Taraxacum officinale and Cirsium spp. (Asteraceae), and Trifolium spp. (Fabaceae). The queens are very large, whereas males are medium-sized. Both have very different colour patterns. Due emphasis has been laid on its thorough taxonomic descriptions, food plants, synonymy, distribution pattern and illustration.
W kręgu Tanatosa – problematyka kresu w poezji Julii Hartwig / Under the Spell of Thanatos: The Sense of the Ending in the Poetry of Julia Hartwig
Authors: Flakowicz-Szczyrba Marta 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The article is concerned with the Thanatic motifs in the poetry of Julia Hartwig. These images analysis, are an essential part of her philosophical and existential reflection that opens up an eschatological perspective. They also help define her attitude towards the sacrum, the religious tradition and spirituality. The analysis reveals a tension between the spiritual experience spurred by liturgical rites and its various manifestations produced by other forms of interaction, eg. exposure to nature. An important factor in the shaping of Hartwig’s spiritual experience is her reflection about the nature of her tie with another human being. The presence of that tie helps her to overcome the fear of inner emptiness and transience. The dead, too, are endowed with an existential presence (in that sense in which the term is used by Karl Jaspers insidious despair the sense of emptiness confront the stand up to that with.
La tyrannie du choix chez les jeunes aborigènes d'australie
Authors: Moïsseeff Marika 
Published: July 2013

À partir d’un travail au long cours dans une communauté aborigène australienne, l’auteure tente de mettre en évidence la spécificité des problèmes auxquels sont confrontés les jeunes Aborigènes pour accéder à une identité d’adulte : dans un contexte de relations conflictuelles entre deux communautés posées comme ennemies, ils doivent démontrer clairement leur loyauté à la communauté la plus discriminée. Revendiquer haut et fort sa seule affiliation aborigène en endossant les stéréotypes véhiculés par les Blancs est une façon paradoxale de regagner du pouvoir dont les conséquences ne sont pas sans risques.
Être reçu en audience chez le roi
Authors: Camus Alice 
Published: July 2013

L’audience royale s’intègre dans le rituel quotidien de la vie de cour au temps de Louis XIV. Selon que l’audience est destinée à un courtisan ou à un représentant politique étranger, son rôle et son organisation diffèrent. Les courtisans qui obtiennent audience grâce à la faveur royale dont ils jouissent ou grâce à l’entremise d’influents intermédiaires sont reçus le plus souvent après le lever du roi ou après son dîner, dans son cabinet. Ce sont des entretiens assez brefs et relativement informels. En revanche, les audiences accordées aux représentants politiques étrangers sont bien plus codifiées. Elles sont de trois sortes : publiques, particulières ou secrètes. L’audience publique prend tout son sens dans son cérémonial, minutieux et imposant. Celui-ci est pensé comme le révélateur du rang et de l’importance accordés au ministre étranger reçu à la cour. Ainsi, il est nuancé par de multiples variations selon l’État du représentant politique et selon son caractère. Quant aux audiences particulières et secrètes, elles sont utiles à la politique royale. Elles sont l’occasion pour les ambassadeurs ou les envoyés présents à la cour de négocier la politique de leur souverain directement avec le roi.
From resilience to viability: a case study of indigenous communities of the North Rupununi, Guyana
Authors: Berardi Andrea , Tschirhart Céline , Mistry Jayalaxshmi , Bignante Elisa , Haynes Lakeram , Albert Grace , Benjamin Ryan , Xavier Rebecca , Jafferally Deirdre 
Published: July 2013

Le terme “résilience” a conquis une place importante dans le discours scientifique, et même à présent dans le langage courant. Or son utilisation reste souvent floue, puisqu’il peut être compris différemment : s’agit-il de résister ? De s’adapter ? De se transformer ? Cet article suggère l’utilisation d’un concept, la System Viability, ou la Viabilité des Systèmes. Ce concept permet d’appréhender six propriétés qui maximisent les chances d'un système de persister dans le temps, qu'il s'agisse d’écosystèmes ou de communautés. Dans cet article, nous appliquons et évaluons ce cadre conceptuel grâce à des méthodes visuelles participatives au sein de trois communautés indigènes du North Rupununi, au Guyana. Cet article tente de montrer que ce cadre conceptuel permet d’évaluer les stratégies de survie des communautés de manière cohérente et théoriquement corroborée, ce qui pourrait susciter l’intérêt de décideurs nationaux et internationaux en matière de résilience et durabilité.
De la vulnérabilité à la résilience : mutation ou bouleversement ?
Authors: Barroca Bruno , DiNardo Maryline , Mboumoua Irène 
Published: July 2013

La vulnérabilité et la résilience sont deux concepts qui ont émergé dans des domaines différents et sont utilisés actuellement pour analyser et caractériser les risques. La notion de vulnérabilité constituait le paradigme dominant dans la caractérisation du risque et l’analyse des cyndiniques. Depuis les années 2000, la résilience est mobilisée plus fréquemment en géographie et en urbanisme notamment car le concept de vulnérabilité montre ses limites dans la compréhension des risques. Pour exister, la notion de résilience a évolué. Elle s’impose aujourd’hui comme une notion majeure dans l’analyse des risques. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment le glissement sémantique s’est opéré entre vulnérabilité et résilience. A partir de l’analyse de bases de données, nous montrons que l’usage du terme de résilience est limité jusqu’au milieu des années 2000 puis se développe rapidement. Ensuite, nous tentons de proposer des hypothèses qui pourraient expliquer l’apparition et le développement rapide de la résilience. Enfin, nous essayerons de montrer le risque d’instrumentalisation du concept de résilience par les acteurs de l’aménagement.
Modulation of Regulatory T Cell Function by Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Matured through Electroporation with mRNA Encoding CD40 Ligand, Constitutively Active TLR4, and CD70
Authors: Pen Joeri J. , De Keersmaecker Brenda , Maenhout Sarah K. , Van Nuffel An M. T. , Heirman Carlo , Corthals Jurgen , Escors David , Bonehill Aude , Thielemans Kris , Breckpot Karine , Aerts Joeri L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) counteract anticancer immune responses through a number of mechanisms, limiting dendritic cell (DC)–based anticancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated the influence of various DC activation stimuli on the Treg functionality. We compared DCs activated by electroporation with mRNA encoding constitutively active TLR4 (caTLR4) and CD40 ligand (DiMix-DCs), or these factors together with mRNA encoding the costimulatory molecule CD70 (TriMix-DCs) with DCs maturated in the presence of a mixture of inflammatory cytokines (DCs maturated with a combination of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2) for their ability to counteract Tregs on different levels. We first demonstrated that there was no difference in the extent of Treg induction starting from CD4+CD25− T cells under the influence of the different DC maturation stimuli. Second, we showed that both DiMix- and TriMix-DCs could partly alleviate Treg inhibition of CD8+ T cells. Third, we observed that CD8+ T cells that had been precultured with DiMix-DCs or TriMix-DCs were partially protected against subsequent Treg suppression. Finally, we showed that Tregs cocultured in the presence of TriMix-DCs, but not DiMix-DCs, partially lost their suppressive capacity. This was accompanied by a decrease in CD27 and CD25 expression on Tregs, as well as an increase in the expression of T-bet and secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10, suggesting a shift of the Treg phenotype toward a Th1 phenotype. In conclusion, these data suggest that TriMix-DCs are not only able to suppress Treg functions, but moreover could be able to reprogram Tregs to Th1 cells under certain circumstances.
IL-17A Plays a Critical Role in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis through Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
Authors: Tan Zhongming , Qian Xiaofeng , Jiang Runqiu , Liu Qianghui , Wang Youjing , Chen Chen , Wang Xuehao , Ryffel Bernhard , Sun Beicheng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a severe, life-threatening clinical condition resulting from nonresolving hepatitis of different origins. IL-17A is critical in inflammation, but its relation to liver fibrosis remains elusive. We find increased IL-17A expression in fibrotic livers from HBV-infected patients undergoing partial hepatectomy because of cirrhosis-related early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison with control nonfibrotic livers from uninfected patients with hepatic hemangioma. In fibrotic livers, IL-17A immunoreactivity localizes to the inflammatory infiltrate. In experimental carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis of IL-17RA–deficient mice, we observe reduced neutrophil influx, proinflammatory cytokines, hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as compared with control C57BL/6 mice. IL-17A is produced by neutrophils and T lymphocytes expressing the Th17 lineage–specific transcription factor Retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γt. Furthermore, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from naive C57BL/6 mice respond to IL-17A with increased IL-6, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen, and TGF-β mRNA expression, suggesting an IL-17A–driven fibrotic process. Pharmacologic ERK1/2 or p38 inhibition significantly attenuated IL-17A–induced HSC activation and collagen expression. In conclusion, IL-17A+ Retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor γt+ neutrophils and T cells are recruited into the injured liver driving a chronic, fibrotic hepatitis. IL-17A–dependent HSC activation may be critical for liver fibrosis. Thus, blockade of IL-17A could potentially benefit patients with chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis.
Functional Redundancy of MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathways in a Murine Model of Histidyl-Transfer RNA Synthetase–Induced Myositis
Authors: Fernandez Irina , Harlow Lisa , Zang Yunjuan , Liu-Bryan Ru , Ridgway William M. , Clemens Paula R. , Ascherman Dana P. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We have previously shown that i.m. administration of bacterially expressed murine histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) triggers florid muscle inflammation (relative to appropriate control proteins) in various congenic strains of mice. Because severe disease develops even in the absence of adaptive immune responses to HRS, we sought to identify innate immune signaling components contributing to our model of HRS-induced myositis. In vitro stimulation assays demonstrated HRS-mediated activation of HEK293 cells transfected with either TLR2 or TLR4, revealing an excitatory capacity exceeding that of other bacterially expressed fusion proteins. Corresponding to this apparent functional redundancy of TLR signaling pathways, HRS immunization of B6.TLR2−/− and B6.TLR4−/− single-knockout mice yielded significant lymphocytic infiltration of muscle tissue comparable to that produced in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. In contrast, concomitant elimination of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling in B6.TLR2−/−.TLR4−/− double-knockout mice markedly reduced the severity of HRS-induced muscle inflammation. Complementary subfragment analysis demonstrated that aa 60–90 of HRS were absolutely required for in vitro as well as in vivo signaling via these MyD88-dependent TLR pathways—effects mediated, in part, through preferential binding of exogenous ligands capable of activating specific TLRs. Collectively, these experiments indicate that multiple MyD88-dependent signaling cascades contribute to this model of HRS-induced myositis, underscoring the antigenic versatility of HRS and confirming the importance of innate immunity in this system.
TPL-2–ERK1/2 Signaling Promotes Host Resistance against Intracellular Bacterial Infection by Negative Regulation of Type I IFN Production
Authors: McNab Finlay W. , Ewbank John , Rajsbaum Ricardo , Stavropoulos Evangelos , Martirosyan Anna , Redford Paul S. , Wu Xuemei , Graham Christine M. , Saraiva Margarida , Tsichlis Philip , Chaussabel Damien , Ley Steven C. , O’Garra Anne 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, causing ∼1.4 million deaths per year. Key immune components for host protection during tuberculosis include the cytokines IL-12, IL-1, and TNF-α, as well as IFN-γ and CD4+ Th1 cells. However, immune factors determining whether individuals control infection or progress to active tuberculosis are incompletely understood. Excess amounts of type I IFN have been linked to exacerbated disease during tuberculosis in mouse models and to active disease in patients, suggesting tight regulation of this family of cytokines is critical to host resistance. In addition, the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 is known to inhibit the immune response to M. tuberculosis in murine models through the negative regulation of key proinflammatory cytokines and the subsequent Th1 response. We show in this study, using a combination of transcriptomic analysis, genetics, and pharmacological inhibitors, that the TPL-2–ERK1/2 signaling pathway is important in mediating host resistance to tuberculosis through negative regulation of type I IFN production. The TPL-2–ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulated production by macrophages of several cytokines important in the immune response to M. tuberculosis as well as regulating induction of a large number of additional genes, many in a type I IFN-dependent manner. In the absence of TPL-2 in vivo, excess type I IFN promoted IL-10 production and exacerbated disease. These findings describe an important regulatory mechanism for controlling tuberculosis and reveal mechanisms by which type I IFN may promote susceptibility to this important disease.
Irgm1 (LRG-47), a Regulator of Cell-Autonomous Immunity, Does Not Localize to Mycobacterial or Listerial Phagosomes in IFN-γ–Induced Mouse Cells
Authors: Springer Helen M. , Schramm Michael , Taylor Gregory A. , Howard Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The IFN-inducible protein Irgm1 (LRG-47) belongs to the family of immunity-related GTPases that function in cell-autonomous resistance against intracellular pathogens in mice. Irgm1 deficiency is associated with a severe immunodeficiency syndrome. The protein has been variously interpreted as a direct effector molecule on bacterial phagosomes or on other organelles or as an inducer of autophagy. In this study, we re-examined one of these claims, namely that Irgm1 targets mycobacterial and listerial phagosomes. We found no colocalization of endogenous Irgm1, using two immunofluorescent staining techniques, either in fibroblasts or in macrophages. We demonstrated the predicted existence of two protein isoforms of Irgm1 derived from differential splicing and described immunological reagents for their detection. Both Irgm1 isoforms localize to the Golgi apparatus and weakly to mitochondria; however, only the long Irgm1 isoforms can be detected on endolysosomal membranes. Together with the previous observation that the general immunodeficiency phenotype of Irgm1−/− mice is reversed in Irgm1/Irgm3 double-deficient mice, our results argue against a direct effector function of Irgm1 at the bacterial phagosome. We discuss these findings in the context of evidence that Irgm1 functions as a negative regulator of other members of the immunity-related GTPase protein family.