bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective multicentre observational study of Permacol™ collagen paste for anorectal fistula: preliminary results
Authors: Giordano P. , Sileri P. , Buntzen S. , Stuto A. , Nunoo‐Mensah J. , Lenisa L. , Singh B. , Thorlacius‐Ussing O. , Griffiths B. , Ziyaie D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimPermacol™ collagen paste (Permacol paste) is a new option for the treatment of anorectal fistula. It functions by filling the fistula tract with an acellular crosslinked porcine dermal collagen matrix suspension. The MASERATI 100 study group was set up to evaluate the clinical outcome of Permacol paste in the treatment of anorectal fistula. This paper reports the results from the initial 30 patients enrolled in the MASERATI 100 prospective, observational clinical trial.MethodPatients (N = 30) with anal fistula presenting to 10 European academic surgical units were treated with a sphincter‐preserving technique using Permacol paste. Fistula healing was assessed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, with the primary end‐point of fistula healing at 6 months post‐surgery. Faecal continence and patient satisfaction were recorded at each follow‐up visit and adverse events were monitored throughout the follow‐up.ResultsOf the 28 patients with data at 6 months post‐surgery, 15 (54%) were healed, and the healing rate was maintained at 12 months. Healing after treatment with Permacol paste was similar for intersphincteric to transsphincteric fistulae and primary or recurrent fistulae. Only one patient exhibited an adverse event (perianal abscess) that was possibly related to the treatment. At the last outpatient visit, over 60% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the operation.ConclusionPermacol paste is shown to be effective in treating primary and recurrent cryptoglandular anorectal fistula with minimal unwanted side effects.
The Importance of Interdisciplinary Research Training and Community Dissemination
Authors: Gill Simone V. , Vessali Misha , Pratt Jacob A. , Watts Samantha , Pratt Janey S. , Raghavan Preeti , DeSilva Jeremy M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFunding agencies and institutions are creating initiatives to encourage interdisciplinary research that can be more easily translated into community initiatives to enhance health. Therefore, the current research environment calls for interdisciplinary education and skills to create sustained partnerships with community institutions. However, formalized opportunities in both of these areas are limited for students embarking on research careers. The purpose of this paper is to underscore the historical and current importance of providing interdisciplinary training and community dissemination for research students. We also suggest an approach to begin to address the existing gap. Specifically, we suggest embedding a 10‐week summer rotation into existing research curricula with the goals of: (1) providing students with a hands‐on interdisciplinary research experience, (2) facilitating dialogue between research students and community settings to disseminate science to the public, and (3) sparking collaborations among researchers who seek to create a way to sustain summer program rotations with grant funding.
Morphologic clues and utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization for the diagnosis of nevoid melanoma
Authors: Yélamos Oriol , Busam Klaus J. , Lee Christina , Meldi Sholl Lauren , Amin Sapna M. , Merkel Emily A. , Obregon Roxana , Guitart Joan , Gerami Pedram 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundNevoid melanomas include melanomas with a low power silhouette similar to melanocytic nevi. However, at higher power magnification, nevoid melanoma may have severe nuclear atypia and dermal mitoses.MethodsWe performed a clinical, pathological and molecular study on a series of 58 examples of nevoid melanoma, excluding cases with spitzoid morphology.ResultsWe identified distinct morphologic patterns: ‘classic’ nevoid melanoma, superficial spreading melanomas with nevoid invasive melanoma, lentigo maligna with nevoid invasive melanoma and deep penetrating nevus‐like nevoid melanoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was positive in 74% of cases. Copy number gains in 8q24 were common in amelanotic nevoid melanoma. The median follow‐up was 28 months (range 140). At last follow‐up, 37 patients had no evidence of disease, 3 were alive with metastases and 6 died from metastatic melanoma. Of these six patients who died, four had a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) performed, which was negative in all four.ConclusionsWe describe distinct clues to the diagnosis of nevoid melanoma including occult intraepidermal atypia, and expansile nesting resulting in asymmetric silhouette or dermal papillae expansion. We also describe that nevoid melanoma have infrequent SLNB involvement in aggressive cases, and have frequent 8q24 gains rather than 9p21 deletions. Our results suggest that nevoid melanoma are distinct from spitzoid melanomas and should be distinguished.
Demand Growth in Services: A Discrete Choice Analysis of Customer Preferences and Online Selling
Authors: Xie Xiaoqing (Kristine) , Verma Rohit , Anderson Chris K. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe selling of perishable services (e.g., hotel rooms, airline seats, and rental cars) online is increasingly popular with both retailers and consumers. Among the innovative approaches to online sales is opaque selling. First popularized by Priceline.com's name‐your‐own‐price model, opaque selling hides some attributes of the service (notably, brand and specific location) until after the purchase decision, in exchange for a discounted price. This means that a branded “product” is being sold as somewhat of a commodity, but the brand “name” is protected by the opaque model. The attraction of this model for retailers is that they are presumably able to increase their revenue stream, albeit at a lower rate, by selling rooms that otherwise would remain in inventory. In this article, we outline the development and analysis of an online choice survey to understand consumer preferences among three types of online distribution channels: regular full information sales channels, and opaque sales channels with or without consumer bidding. A Multinomial Logit model is employed to analyze the data and measure the consumer trade‐offs between price and other attributes of the product. We use the estimated model to calculate the incremental demand and revenue created by using an opaque channel simultaneously with regular full information channels. On balance, we find that correctly priced opaque channels can add to hotels revenue streams without undue cannibalization of regular room sales.
Development of infants' segmentation of words from native speech: a meta‐analytic approach
Authors: Bergmann Christina , Cristia Alejandrina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInfants start learning words, the building blocks of language, at least by 6 months. To do so, they must be able to extract the phonological form of words from running speech. A rich literature has investigated this process, termed word segmentation. We addressed the fundamental question of how infants of different ages segment words from their native language using a meta‐analytic approach. Based on previous popular theoretical and experimental work, we expected infants to display familiarity preferences early on, with a switch to novelty preferences as infants become more proficient at processing and segmenting native speech. We also considered the possibility that this switch may occur at different points in time as a function of infants' native language and took into account the impact of various task‐ and stimulus‐related factors that might affect difficulty. The combined results from 168 experiments reporting on data gathered from 3774 infants revealed a persistent familiarity preference across all ages. There was no significant effect of additional factors, including native language and experiment design. Further analyses revealed no sign of selective data collection or reporting. We conclude that models of infant information processing that are frequently cited in this domain may not, in fact, apply in the case of segmenting words from native speech.
Emotional experience in music fosters 18‐month‐olds' emotion–action understanding: a training study
Authors: Siu Tik Sze Carrey , Cheung Him 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe examine whether emotional experiences induced via music‐making promote infants' use of emotional cues to predict others' action. Fifteen‐month‐olds were randomly assigned to participate in interactive emotion training either with or without musical engagement for three months. Both groups were then re‐tested with two violation‐of‐expectation paradigms respectively assessing their sensitivity to some expressive features in music and understanding of the link between emotion and behaviour in simple action sequences. The infants who had participated in music, but not those who had not, were surprised by music–face inconsistent displays and were able to interpret an agent's action as guided by her expressed emotion. The findings suggest a privileged role of musical experience in prompting infants to form emotional representations, which support their understanding of the association between affective states and action.
β‐Arrestin1 regulates the morphology and dynamics of microglia in zebrafish in vivo
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Du Xufei , Pei Gang , Du Jiulin , Zhao Jian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system. Microglia typically exist in a ‘resting’ state in the healthy brain, with ramified processes dynamically exploring the surrounding microenvironment. They become ‘activated’ under pathological conditions with marked changes in morphology. However, the regulation of their morphology dynamics remains poorly understood. Here, using in vivo time‐lapse imaging and three‐dimensional morphology analysis of microglia in intact zebrafish larvae, we found that β‐arrestin1, a multifunctional protein involved in various signal transductions, cell‐autonomously regulated the microglial morphology. Knockdown of β‐arrestin1 increased the volume size and process number of microglia but reduced the deformation speed in the resting state. Meanwhile, β‐arrestin1 down‐regulation led to a high frequency of phagocytic behaviour of microglia. These defects were partially rescued by over‐expressing human β‐arrestin1 in microglia. Our study indicated that microglial dynamics in the resting state can be regulated cell‐autonomously by β‐arrestin1 signalling.
Demographic compensation among populations: what is it, how does it arise and what are its implications?
Authors: Villellas Jesús , Doak Daniel F. , García María B. , Morris William F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMost species are exposed to significant environmental gradients across their ranges, but vital rates (survival, growth, reproduction and recruitment) need not respond in the same direction to those gradients. Opposing vital rate trends across environments, a phenomenon that has been loosely called ‘demographic compensation’, may allow species to occupy larger geographical ranges and alter their responses to climate change. Yet the term has never been precisely defined, nor has its existence or strength been assessed for multiple species. Here, we provide a rigorous definition, and use it to develop a strong test for demographic compensation. By applying the test to data from 26 published, multi‐population demographic studies of plants, we show that demographic compensation commonly occurs. We also investigate the mechanisms by which this phenomenon arises by assessing which demographic processes and life stages are most often involved. In addition, we quantify the effect of demographic compensation on variation in population growth rates across environmental gradients, a potentially important determinant of the size of a species’ geographical range. Finally, we discuss the implications of demographic compensation for the responses of single populations and species’ ranges to temporal environmental variation and to ongoing environmental trends, e.g. due to climate change.
Microdialysis measurements of equine lamellar perfusion and energy metabolism in response to physical and pharmacological manipulations of blood flow
Authors: Medina‐Torres C. E. , Underwood C. , Pollitt C. C. , Castro‐Olivera E. M. , Hodson M. P. , Richardson D. W. , van Eps A. W. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyA suitable method for evaluating lamellar perfusion changes and their metabolic consequences is currently lacking.ObjectivesTo examine perfusion changes in lamellar tissue using serial microdialysis measurements of urea clearance and energy metabolites.Study designRandomised, controlled (within subject) experimental trial.MethodsNine Standardbred horses were instrumented with microdialysis probes in the foot lamellar tissue and skin (over the tail base). Urea (20 mmol/l) was added to the perfusate and its clearance was used to estimate local perfusion. Samples were collected every 15 min for a 1 h control period, then during application of a distal limb tourniquet, during periods when norepinephrine or potassium chloride (KCl) were included in both skin and lamellar perfusates, and after systemic (intravenous) acetylpromazine. Dialysate concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and urea were measured and lactate:glucose (L:G) and lactate:pyruvate (L:P) ratios calculated. Values were compared with pre‐intervention baseline and also between simultaneous skin and lamellar samples using nonparametric statistical methods.ResultsLamellar glucose decreased and lactate, urea, L:G and L:P increased significantly with tourniquet application, without significant changes in skin dialysate values. Lamellar and skin glucose decreased and L:G increased significantly during norepinephrine infusion, but mild increases in urea were not significant at either site.KCl caused significant decreases in lamellar and skin L:G, and an increase in skin glucose, but did not affect urea clearance. Acetylpromazine caused profound decreases in lamellar glucose and L:P, with increased L:G and pyruvate, but did not affect urea clearance or any skin dialysate values.ConclusionsSignificant changes in microdialysis urea clearance only occurred with severe lamellar hypoperfusion. However, changes in dialysate metabolite concentrations reflected less profound fluctuations in perfusion. This method may be useful for examining lamellar perfusion and energy balance during laminitis development and for the evaluation of vasoactive therapeutics.
Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C
Authors: Borisova Anna S. , Eneyskaya Elena V. , Bobrov Kirill S. , Jana Suvamay , Logachev Anton , Polev Dmitrii E. , Lapidus Alla L. , Ibatullin Farid M. , Saleem Umair , Sandgren Mats , Payne Christina M. , Kulminskaya Anna A. , Ståhlberg Jerry 
Published: September 2015

The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel‐enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. Understanding the structure–function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. Accordingly, we report the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A). The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose‐binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60–65 °C, respectively). Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio‐oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel‐enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite –4 not reported previously in GH7. Also, the first O‐glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported – on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. The GcaCel7A structures indicate higher loop flexibility than HjeCel7A, in accordance with sequence modifications. However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo‐initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925.EnzymesGlycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase
Differentiation of stem cells derived from carious teeth into dopaminergic‐like cells
Authors: Gnanasegaran N. , Govindasamy V. , Abu Kasim N. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate whether dental pulp stem cells from carious teeth (DPSCs‐CT) can differentiate into functional dopaminergic‐like (DAergic) cells and provide an alternative cell source in regenerative medicine.MethodologyDental pulp stem cells from healthy (DPSCs) and carious teeth (DPSCs‐CT) were isolated from young donors. Both cell lines were expanded in identical culture conditions and subsequently differentiated towards DAergic‐like cells using pre‐defined dopaminergic cocktails. The dopaminergic efficiencies were evaluated both at gene and protein as well as at secretome levels.ResultsThe efficiency of DPSCs‐CT to differentiate into DAergic‐like cells was not equivalent to that of DPSCs. This was further reflected in both gene and protein generation whereby key neuronal markers such as nestin, NURR1 and beta‐III‐tubulin were expressed significantly lower as compared to differentiated DPSCs (P < 0.05). In addition, expressions of transcriptomes related to neurogenesis revealed downregulation of more than 50% of the genes as compared to differentiated DPSC (P < 0.05). Amongst the notable genes were those from the transcription factors family (FLNA, MEF2C, NEUROG2), signalling pathway family (DLL1, Notch1, TGF‐β1), neuro‐inducer family (BDNF) and cell communication family (APBB1).ConclusionsDPSCs‐CT were able to differentiate into DAergic‐like cells but not as efficiently as DPSCs. As such, prior to use in regenerative medicine, stem cells from any source should be thoroughly investigated beyond conventional benchmarks such as that proposed by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT).
Adverse outcome after incident stroke hospitalization for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory
Authors: He Vincent Yf. , Condon John R. , You Jiqiong , Zhao Yuejen , Burrow James N. 
Published: September 2015

Background Survival after a stroke is lower for Indigenous than other stroke patients in Australia. It is not known whether recurrence is more common for Indigenous patients, or whether their higher prevalence of comorbidity affects their lower survival. Aims This study aimed to investigate the stroke recurrence and role of comorbidities in adverse stroke outcomes (recurrence and death) for Indigenous compared with other Australians. Methods A retrospective cohort study of first hospitalization for stroke ( n = 2105) recorded in Northern Territory hospital inpatient data between 1996 and 2011 was conducted. For the multivariable analyses of adverse outcomes, logistic regression was used for case fatality and competing risk analysis for recurrent stroke and long-term death. Comorbidities (identified from inpatient diagnosis data) were analyzed using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (modified for stroke outcomes). Results Prevalence of comorbidities, case fatality, incidence of re-hospitalization for recurrent stroke, and long-term death rate were higher for Indigenous than non-Indigenous stroke patients. Adjustment for comorbidity in multivariable analyses considerably reduced Indigenous patients’ excess risk for case fatality (odds ratio: 1.25, 0.88-1.78) and long-term death (standard hazard ratio: 1.27, 1.01-1.61) (but not recurrence), implying that their excess risk of death was in part due to higher comorbidity prevalence. Conclusion Indigenous stroke patients have higher prevalence of comorbidities than non-Indigenous stroke patients, which explained part of the disparity in both case fatality and long-term survival but did not explain the disparity in stroke recurrence at all.
Nonserious Adverse Events in Randomized Trials with Opioid‐Dependent Pregnant Women: Direct versus Indirect Measurement
Authors: Jones Hendrée E. , Kaltenbach Karol , Heil Sarah H , Stine Susan M , Coyle Mara G , Arria Amelia M , O’Grady Kevin E , Selby Peter , Martin Peter R 
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: How best to measure the occurrence of adverse events during a randomized clinical trial is an issue that has not been adequately examined in the research literature. Focus of this study was on the examination of the relative frequency of occurrence of adverse events directly recorded during the conduct of the trial compared to an indirect determination of adverse events derived from data collected as part of the trial.Methods: A secondary analysis of nonserious adverse events that occurred in the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) Study was undertaken. MOTHER was a randomized clinical trial of methadone versus buprenorphine in 175 opioid‐dependent pregnant women.Results: The two methods of recording adverse events failed to agree on where differences in the frequency of occurrence of adverse events between the medication conditions might exist. Moreover, indirect assessment indicated all participants had experienced at least one adverse event, yet indirect coverage of adverse events was incomplete.Conclusions: Findings suggest indirect examination of occurrence of adverse events should be cautiously undertaken, because indirect assessment of adverse events makes no distinction between what might be simply typical variation in behavior rather than systematic changes in behavior attributable to study condition, and lacks coverage of the full spectrum of adverse events.Scientific Significance: Contemporaneous direct measurement of adverse events likely yield reasonably valid estimates of the rate of occurrence of the adverse events, while indirect measu‐rement of adverse events may not be sufficiently reliable. (Am J Addict 2012;21:S1–S4)