bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seabed Acquisition Systems: How Broad is the Broadband?
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Foo Low Cheng , Chandola Sandeep Kumar , El Kady Nabil , Bin Zawawi Mohamad Zabuddin , Ghazali Faizan Akasyah 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Seabed acquisition is expected to deliver broadband seismic data by using a combination of pressure and particle motion or acceleration measurements to eliminate the free surface ghost. In this paper, we have investigated the frequency bandwidth delivered by different seabed acquisition systems, i.e. two component ocean bottom cable (2C-OBC), four component ocean bottom cable (4C-OBC) and four component ocean bottom node (4C-OBN) systems on the low frequency side, under different geological settings and acquisition environments. The study was carried out by analysing the effect of total system (source, receiver and recording instrument) response and frequency bandwidth for different types of seabed acquisition systems and sensors. The analysis shows that after optimal compensation for total system response, different seabed systems and sensors deliver comparable low freaquency signal in the band of 2–5 Hz given the variations in the local seabed conditions.

Introduction
The recent emergence of towed streamer based broadband seismic technologies poses an interesting question, "how broad really is the broadband data delivered by various seabed acquisition systems, especially at the low frequency end?" During the last few years, PETRONAS has acquired more than 1,200 sq. km. of 3D and 540 LKM of 2D seabed seismic data using 2C and 4C acquisition technologies. Majority of the data were acquired using OBC technology and different acquisition systems with a limited amount of data acquired using OBN technology. The main objectives of the study were to analyse:The effect of total system (source, receiver and recording instrument) response on the signal bandwidth and the effect of source-receiver notchesThe frequency bandwidth delivered by different seabed acquisition systems and the conventional towed streamer system.
The effect of source volume on the bandwidth, if any, was not analyzed in this study.
One of the main benefits of seabed acquisition is that it delivers broadband and wide azimuth seismic data. The high frequencies are important for improving the resolution, while the low frequencies provide the opportunity for better seismic inversion and well ties. The seabed acquisition improves the signal bandwidth by enhancing both high and low frequency ends of the spectrum. It uses co-located measurements of two vertical components (P and Z) which help to remove the free surface ghost (Fig 1) and improve the overall signal bandwidth.
LULA Exercise: Testing the oil spill response to a deep sea blow-out, with a unique combination of surface and subsea response techniques
Authors: Michel Cedric , Cazes Laurent , Eygun Christiane , Page-Jones Lindsay , Huet Jean-Yves 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
To test the improved blow-out response capabilities implemented following the Deep Water Horizon accident which took place in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, Total E&P Angola (The Affiliate) was chosen by Total H.Q. (The Company) to organize and run a large exercise. The objective was to check the ability to efficiently define, implement and manage the response to a major oil spill resulting from a subsea blow-out, including the mobilization of a new Sub Sea Dispersant Injection device – SSDI kit from Oil Spill response Ltd (OSRL-Norway). After one year and a half of preparation in collaboration with the Angolan Authorities, the exercise took place from the 13th to the 15th November 2013, based on a blow-out scenario of 50,000 bopd. In Luanda, the Affiliate emergency response organization was mobilized together with the Angola National Incident Command Team, as well as the Company Crisis Team in Paris.
Various monitoring and modeling techniques were compared, using an authorized crude oil discharge at sea : e.g. direct observations from helicopter, OSRL aircraft, new Observation Balloon, slick tracking with drifters and interpreted RADAR satellite imagery, 5 days/3D modeling of oil fate and behavior using the modeling SPILL WATCH service. Overall results obtained proved consistent despite of the fact that modeling of surface currents is still not fully reliable.
The SSDI kit was shipped by plane from Norway and successfully tested in deep offshore. On the surface, dispersion, containment and recovery operations were implemented.
The onshore strategy encompassed protection of sensitive sites, shoreline clean-up, oily waste and oiled wildlife management, as well as liaising with local communities and claims management. To sustain the response, complex logistical support was also planned.
Owing to the ambitious objectives, variety of operations, level of mobilization in Angola and in France, implication of the Angolan authorities and considering over 500 persons were safely involved in the operations, LULA is a unique exercise and proved to be a great success. Lessons learnt will serve to improve blow-out response capability, but also oil spill response and emergency management capabilities not only within the Company, but also for the benefit of other oil operators, support companies and the National Authorities.
Bream Field (Phase 4) - EOR and Late Field Life Management
Authors: Snow Thomas Milton , Mckay Ian , Irwin Drew Douglas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Bream Field, in Australia's Gippsland Basin, was originally developed in 1987 as a thin oil column development with gas cap re-injection. A satellite platform was installed in 1996 to capture resource not reachable from the original platform. After achieving 68% recovery, oil rates had fallen to the point that gas cap blowdown was commenced. Given the extremely strong natural pressure support seen in the Gippsland basin, a controlled blowdown was carried out to maximize oil recovery during gas export. As the water level approached the top of the structure, an assessment was carried out to determine the best use of the field infrastructure.
The result of this effort was a decision to utilize the field for gas storage while simultaneously achieving enhanced recovery. By refilling the Bream reservoir with dry gas from the Longford gas plant during the summer months, high liquid yield fields are able to be produced consistently throughout the year. Additionally, Bream gas deliverability capacity is increased in the high gas demand periods. As the dry gas moves through the reservoir, it contacts both residual oil and rich gas, becoming re-saturated with gas liquids. When this gas is re-produced, it will yield more liquids, raising the overall recovery of the oil by approximately 1%. Re-injection into the Bream reservoir began in 2013 and is proceeding as planned.
This paper will discuss the history of the Bream development, highlighting the analysis and planning that led to the recently implemented project. The management of this field demonstrates a number of techniques for maximizing hydrocarbon recovery over the life of a field, as well as considerations for maximizing economic value of the infrastructure.

Background
Bream Field, in the southwestern part of the Gippsland Basin (Australia), was originally discovered in 1969 and first developed in 1987. It is produced by the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture (between Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd and BHPBilliton Petroleum (Bass Strait) Pty Ltd), with EARPL as the operator. GBJV offshore infrastructure includes 19 platforms, 4 subsea installations, and a network of pipelines feeding the Longford Gas Plant (see Figure 1). Approximately 98% of the production from the basin has come from the GBJV, since start-up in 1969. Bream Field and its development have been described in several publications, including:Shaw (Shaw, 1991) described the mechanical aspects of the initial horizontal drilling program;Titus (Titus, 1997) described the design and installation of a second satellite platform;McKerron et. al. (McKerron, 1998) described the development process and results from that second platform;Fish and Zajdlewicz (Fish, 2004) described the strategy for maximizing recovery during blowdown.
The Bream development history, along with the forward plan described here, provide an interesting case study that demonstrates how available technology and the market demands drive development decisions.
Overcoming Differences between Log and Test Results: A Case-Study of Three Appraisal Wells Drilled into Low Contrast Low Resistivity Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Daungkaew Saifon , Karpekin Yevgeniy , Pokhriyal Krishna , Herianto Bambang , Duangprasert Tanabordee , Thanh Tung Huynh , Rahman Rasheed , Yogapurana Erik , Nasifi Wahyudin Bahri , Bt. M. Razman Nur Faradilla , Bin M Fadhil M Imran 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In three appraisal wells that targeted carbonate reservoirs, formation evaluation was performed with conventional triple combo, borehole image, nuclear magnetic resonance logs, and Wireline Formation Tester (WFT). Several zones with hydrocarbon shows were identified, but the level of saturation was found too low to promise oil flow. Downhole testing tool was used as a primary mean to confirm hydrocarbon presence by evaluating pressure gradients and direct interval testing. In the second well, downhole fluid scanning confirmed water flow in most of the permeable intervals, but in several intervals low permeability limited extended testing time where fluid ID was not conclusive in differentiating mud filtrate from formation water. Subsequently DST was conducted in three intervals of well-2 based on identified potential oil zones from the logs and information gathered in the first well. Testing confirmed water in two zones, however the third, relatively thin zone tested oil. Standard quick-look saturation interpretation gave low oil saturation and significant volume of free water in the oil-tested zone what contradicted the DST result. As the field goes into the development stage, the need to overcome limitations of the conventional evaluation methods demanded further refinement of evaluation program and log interpretation techniques for Low Contrast carbonate formation. Further analysis of image and magnetic-resonance logs indicated different rock fabric across the three tested zones, with pore geometry ranging from vugular to interparticle type. The oil-tested zone was found to have higher irreducible water saturation and higher clay content than other two zones. A non-conventional saturation equation based on the connectivity theory was applied with in-situ clay conductivity calibration. The new saturation matched better NMR irreducible water saturation, and the overall evaluation became conformant to the DST results in all three zones. In the last well, anticipating presence of thin reservoirs with low permeability, the evaluation program was modified to include downhole testing tool with a new probe type that suits better tight formations and that permits faster clean-out and sampling of formation fluid. With its help, a thin rim of oil was discovered below the gas cap, fluid contacts were accurately delineated with in-situ fluid density measurements.
This paper aims to show the learning curve in data acquisition and interpretation during the exploration drilling campaign, where measurements and evaluation methods were optimized to overcome formation evaluation challenges, to identify all hydrocarbon accumulations, and to provide accurate assessment of the reserves.
Optimizing Horizontal Well Placement with Reservoir Characterized Modeling and Advanced Logging While Drilling Technologies
Authors: Li Qiang , Ge Quan Sheng , Xia Feng Guo , Zhang Wang Xing , Kang Peng , Liu Yuan Zhong , Yu Gang , Yin Peng Zhi , Wang Fei , Wang Yong , Kok Jeffrey 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Successful placement of a horizontal well requires accurate landing of the well in the right position and keep the trajectory in good pay zone to maximize the reservoir exposure. Operators face operational and economic challenges in achieving accurate geosteering due to limited seismic resolution, measure depth error (reservoir depth that is more than 5000 meters), in addition to the uncertainty in reservoir depth from time to depth conversions, lateral reservoir variability further increase the challenges. Consequently, to optimize well planning and placement for optimized productivity, it is important to minimize uncertainties in the reservoir structure and delineate lateral distribution of the sand body.
The paper provides a method used to optimize horizontal well positioning that uses three-dimensional (3D) geological model to reduce structural and lateral reservoir uncertainty based on reservoir characterization. These models are used as reference during proactive trajectory adjustments and model update when landing in alignment with advance distance-to-boundary well placement technique that utlilizes azimuthal deep directional electromagnetic logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology. To improve drilling efficiency while delivering smooth trajectory control, hybrid rotary steerable drilling system (RSS) with near bit Gamma ray measurement was engaged for this project.
This paper also presents the results from field tests executed in Hadexun oilfield of Tarim basin of China that demonstrates the integration of technologies to spare pilot-holes, increase the drilling penetration rate while avoiding excessive adjustments to mitigate reservoir exits. The examples describe:1. Accurately placed wells with significantly reduced probability of erroneous lateral placement along thin target layers2. Avoiding water zone in a low resistivity pay reservoir.3. Preventing sidetracks and deliver high Net to Gross (NTG).4. An average production test of almost 50% incremental above the target projection5. A 75% improvement to drilling efficiency from an average ROP in the 8 ½-in sections of 2.65 m/hr in previous wells to 4.65 m/hr.6. Securing the economics to continue developing this deep oil bearing reservoir.
My Meeting with Paul Tillich: “Estranged and Re-United”
Authors: Dole Robert 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: Forty-nine years ago, an eighteen-year-old Harvard undergraduate asked Paul Tillich whether his recent vision was religious ecstasy, a conversion experience, or an enlightenment. The student had handed his essay, “The Phenomenological Proof of God,” to Tillich. Two days later the young man was hospitalized as a schizophrenic. Ever since, the author has attempted to understand the relationships between religious revelation, mystical ecstasy, and psychosis. If his beatific vision was a hallucination, then should not all similar experiences also be diagnosed as psychopathological? His meeting with Tillich will always remain “the still point of the turning world,” since it confirms the healing power of religious faith, “the Son of Man in our presence,” and kairos as defining concepts of Tillich's theology.
“A matter of bones and feathers, and wishful thinking”: Science and the Marginalization of Religion
Authors: Wesselius Janet 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: When the American novelist Marilynne Robinson delivered the Terry Lectures in 2010, she described how religion is caricatured by some eminent scholars in the alleged conflict between science and religion: religion was just a matter of bones and feathers and wishful thinking. The widespread and popular view of science is that it renders traditions and practices such as religion obsolete. In this article, I explore the discourse used by science popularizers in their polemic against religion in their attempt to foreclose any alternative narrative to the narrative about science, in which religion is not the only villain; aboriginals and women are also enlisted as unwitting and naive “primitives.” By drawing on conversations in aboriginal thought—who are “naively” concerned with bones and feathers—and on conversations in feminist philosophy—who are all too familiar with being dismissed as engaged in wishful thinking—I consider their efforts to generate alternative narratives. My concern is how this discourse about science enables dehumanizing effects while precluding liberatory possibilities for human flourishing. It is here that I think philosophy of religion can make a significant contribution: to provide an alternative narrative to science's fiction about human beings as nothing more than “meaty machines” engaged in a competition to ensure the survival of their genes.
The Changed (and Changing) Face of Church History
Authors: Macdonald Stuart 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: This article explores some of the ways church history has changed over the last two generations. Church history has become more global in its orientation, has re-emphasized important developments in time periods sometimes neglected, and has challenged the dominant narrative of secularization. The reformation period in particular has seen notable changes. The reformation is now seen to be less of a break with the previous medieval period and not simply an inevitable response to what was deemed a moribund or corrupt church. The vibrancy of late medieval spirituality and piety is now an area that students have to actively consider. While in the past the reformation was often told as the story of what a few great men accomplished, the number of personalities, the differences between many of these individuals, the geographic areas involved, and the time in which these issues developed have all dramatically altered our understanding of this historical period. The article discusses all of these areas and ends by exploring the challenge of teaching this historical period and of understanding the meaning of the reformation.
The Rationality of Early Christian Discourse
Authors: McLean Bradley H. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: Whereas Richard Swinburne has tried to make a case for the rationality of Christian revelation, this article argues for the rationality of early Christian discourse. Early Christian texts display a type of “formal” rationality that is not an attribute of Christian revelation, intending authors, or historical contexts, but rather is a property of the discursive series to which they belong. Early Christian texts could come into existence only by achieving a relational coexistence with other, previously existing, non-Christian texts within a shared associative discursive series. Such an addition of a Christian text to a discursive series was always governed by the shared “rules” of coherence of the series itself. As a starting point for elucidating these “rules” of coherence, this article examines the structures of social grouping, social interaction, and social values as they were reproduced in the linguistic categories of Hellenistic Greek. This article further argues that the emergence of biblical texts within their respective discursive series occurred according to two strategies, synchronic and diachronic emergence. Synchronic emergence involves the addition of texts to a discursive series in such a way that the “rules” of the series are instantiated without significant alteration. In contrast, the term diachronic emergence designates the addition of texts to a series whereby the “rules” are instantiated in a novel or unexpected manner. In both cases, the emergence of early Christian texts is a function of formal rational processes.
Effects of Glucose Control on Hematological Indices in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: VarÄ±m Ceyhun , Kaya Tezcan , Nalbant Ahmet , UÃ§ar AyÅŸenur , Tamer Ali 
Published: March 2015

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes treatment modalities on haematological parameters and leukocyte formula in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: The study included 102 patients with type 2 diabetes, out of which 51 receiving insulin treatment and 51 receiving oral antidiabetics (OAD). Hemogram data of insulin and OAD treated groups were compared.Results HbA1c levels were 11.12 Â± 2.09 mg/dl in insulin group and 7.94 Â± 2.1 mg/dl in OAD group p=0.001. Platelet counts were 27866.67 Â± 77693 109/L before treatment and 258941.18 Â± 69068.2 109/L in OAD group at six months, p: 0.015 whereas; 293011.76 Â± 73711.21 109/L before treatment and 289492.86 Â± 82631.49 109/L in insulin group at six months p: 0.821. Monocyte counts were 0.47 Â± 0.12 109/L before the treatment and 0.57 Â± 0.12 109/L in mix insulin therapy subgroup at six months, p:0.004; monocyte percentage was % 6.11 Â± 1.74 before the treatment and %7.51 Â± 2.57 in mix insulin subgroup at six months p:0.039;Â Basophiles counts were 0.1 Â± Â 0.02 109/L before treatment and 0.09 Â± 0.04 109/L in intensive insulin therapy subgroup at six months, p: 0.005; Lymphocyte and basophils counts were significantly decreased at six months insulin treatment as compared to the pretreatment values.Conclusion: This study showed that, glucose control effects; blood indices HbA1C, basophiles, eosinophils, platelets and lymphocytes counts.
HCV Seroconversion in two Egyptian Hemodialysis Units: Role of Detection Method and Patients Isolation
Authors: Nasser Mohamed Elâ€“Tayeb , Younes Khaled Mohamed , Sany Dawlat Hussein , Youssef Samar Samir , Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Sayed Bassim Samy 
Published: March 2015

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD).Â Routine HCV viremia screening is recommended in those patients but it is not applied.Aim: To evaluate the seroconversion rate in HD patients based on viremia detection compared to antibody (Ab), and to assess the role of isolation on the rate of seroconversion in those patients.Materials and Methods: One hundred ESRD patients from two HD units using same infection control criteria were enrolled in the study; only one unit was applying isolation for HCV patients. Patients were followed up for 12 month; HCV positivity was tested at the begining of the study and after 12 month of HD. HCV Ab and viremia were detected by third generation ELISA and PCR respectively.Results: The seroconversion rate was 0% based on HCV Ab detection by ELISA, compared with the 16 % seroconversion rate based on viremia detection by PCR. Notably, viremia seroconversion was seen only in the HD unit lacking the isolation system.Conclusion: HCV screening in HD units should be based on viremia detection; isolation in HD units prevents HCV spreading.
Introduction:
Authors: Gertsman Elina 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
The organizing principle of this gathering of articles is the inquiry into the agentic potential of later medieval devotional objects. In my introduction, I provide exploratory remarks on the ontology of living images, and broadly outline their histories as well as the theoretical and disciplinary concerns that they raise. I then consider the ways that the essays presented here target and engage with these concerns. As a group, the articles interrogate animate and animated objects whose enlivening stands at the intersection of visual, literary, and performative cultures. Although interdisciplinary in nature, all articles retain a focus on viewing practices, on the interaction between the object and the beholder: as such, they stand at the crux of current scholarly interest in materiality and agency inherent in, and attributed to, medieval images. The material presented here focuses on the later Middle Ages but spans a wide range of geographical locations, from Spain to Poland.