bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation in the CD45 Inhibitory Wedge Modulates Integrin Activation and Leukocyte Recruitment during Inflammation
Authors: Germena Giulia , Volmering Stephanie , Sohlbach Charlotte , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation plays a pivotal role in host defense. Src family kinases (SFKs) activation is required for integrin and chemokine signaling as well as immune cell function. The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 positively regulates chemoattractant signaling acting on SFK activity. To further investigate the role of CD45 in neutrophil recruitment and function, we analyzed transgenic mice carrying a single point mutation (CD45E613R), which constitutively activates CD45. By using intravital microscopy experiments, we demonstrated that different steps of the leukocyte recruitment cascade were affected in CD45E613R mutant mice. The rolling velocity of CD45E613R mutant neutrophils was decreased compared with wild-type neutrophils that subsequently resulted in an increased number of adherent cells. The analysis of β2 integrins LFA-1 and macrophage-1 Ag (Mac-1) showed that in CD45E613R mutant neutrophils LFA-1 adhesiveness was impaired, and avidity was enhanced, whereas Mac-1 adhesiveness was increased. Because of the increased Mac-1 adhesiveness, neutrophil crawling was impaired in CD45E613R mutant compared with wild-type neutrophils. In an Escherichia coli lung infection model, CD45E613R mice displayed a decreased neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar compartment, which resulted in an increased number of CFUs in the lung. Our data demonstrate that the CD45E613R mutation modulates integrin activation and leukocyte recruitment during inflammation.
Meer ruimte voor producentenorganisaties door hervorming Europees landbouwbeleid
Authors: Litjens Maria 
Published: December 2014

Meer ruimte voor producentenorganisaties door hervorming Europees landbouwbeleid
In de nieuwe GMO-verordening prevaleren de producentenorganisatieregels binnen bepaalde grenzen boven de mededingingsregels. Evenals vroeger zijn de grenzen van de vrije ruimte in de verordening in algemene bewoordingen geformuleerd. Dit leidt tot een groot grijs gebied en daarmee tot grote onzekerheid over toelaatbaarheid van handelen. De ruimte voor meer samenwerking geldt niet alleen voor producentenorganisaties, maar voor elke andere vorm van samenwerking in de land- en tuinbouw.
Het nieuwe regime voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht
Authors: de Rijke Bart , van der Poel Roos 
Published: December 2014

Het nieuwe regime voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht. Een bespreking van de belangrijkste wijzigingen en enkele kanttekeningen
Het van kracht worden van de nieuwe groepsvrijstellingsverordening voor overeenkomsten inzake technologieoverdracht (GVTO) en de bijbehorende Richtsnoeren heeft praktische implicaties voor gebruikelijke licentievoorwaarden. De belangrijkste inhoudelijke wijzigingen ten opzichte van het oude regime zien op het toepassingsbereik van de GVTO, de (on)mogelijkheid passieve verkopen te beperken ter bescherming van startende licentienemers, grant-back verplichtingen en niet-aanvechtings- en beëindigingsbedingen. De Richtsnoeren bevatten voorts uitgebreide vingerwijzingen over technologiepools en schikkingsovereenkomsten. Op papier gaat de licentienemer erop vooruit, maar in hoeverre de doorgevoerde wijzigingen in de praktijk zijn te handhaven valt nog te bezien.
Proposition de lignes directrices pour la formation à l’offre active des futurs professionnelles et professionnels en santé et en service social oeuvrant en situation francophone minoritaire
Authors: Dubouloz Claire-Jehanne , Benoît Josée , Guitard Paulette , Brosseau Lucie , Savard Jacinthe , Kubina Lucy-Ann , Drolet Marie 
Published: December 2014

Cet article présente des lignes directrices qui guident la formation des futurs professionnelles et professionnels des services sociaux et de santé dans le but d’inclure l’apprentissage du concept d’offre active de services dans les programmes universitaires et collégiaux de formation. Ce concept de soins et de services permet de mieux répondre aux besoins des communautés francophones en situation minoritaire. Fondées sur une recension d’écrits et les résultats d’un sondage réalisé auprès du corps professoral des programmes francophones de santé et de service social au Canada, ces lignes directrices identifient les appuis nécessaires au niveau de l’institution, des facultés, des programmes d’études et du corps professoral pour cette intégration du concept d’offre active de services sociaux et de santé en français dans les programmes de formation.
L’émergence de politiques nutritionnelles au Québec, 1936-19771
Authors: Guérard François 
Published: December 2014

Un virage dans les politiques sanitaires au Québec s’amorce avec l’apparition en 1936 d’une Division de la nutrition au ministère de la Santé. Une quarantaine d’années plus tard, le gouvernement énonce une première politique de nutrition. Entre temps, il est généralement considéré que les organismes d’hygiène publique ont tardé à s’ajuster à la révolution épidémiologique faisant passer les maladies chroniques à l’avant-scène. Nous entendons revenir sur cette assertion en examinant les mesures gouvernementales adoptées dans le domaine de la nutrition. Quels moyens, de quelle envergure, sont utilisés pour convaincre les Québécois de modifier leurs habitudes alimentaires, et sur quelles conceptions reposent-ils ?
SOBRE AFETOS E FOTOS: VOLUNTURISTAS EM UMA FAVELA CARIOCA
Authors: Freire-Medeiros Bianca , Nunes Fernanda , Campello Lívia 
Published: December 2014

O artigo trata de uma forma de turismo bastante recente e ainda pouco estudada: o chamado volunturismo. Seu foco reside na interação entre três volunturistas estrangeiras e um grupo de crianças em uma favela carioca. É nossa intenção apreender o fluxo de emoções construído por meio da produção de imagens fotográficas, cuja dinâmica nos desafia a repensar o que tem sido dito sobre as relações entre fotografia e práticas turísticas. A metodologia de pesquisa envolveu onze meses de observação participante, bem como entrevistas em profundidade com agentes qualificados (lideranças locais, volunturistas e agentes promotores), aplicação de questionários semiestruturados e realização de um grupo focal. Tanto as fotografias que compõem nosso acervo fotoetnográfico quanto as observações de campo colocam os jogos e brincadeiras como atividades centrais desenvolvidas pelas personagens apresentadas neste artigo. Se, por um lado, estávamos em busca de um entendimento das complexidades e nuances que o volunturismo envolve, por outro, destacou-se a posição ambígua na qual nós, pesquisadoras, nos encontramos ao longo da pesquisa.
First ice core records of NO3− stable isotopes from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard
Authors: Vega C. P. , Pohjola V. A. , Samyn D. , Pettersson R. , Isaksson E. , Björkman M. P. , Martma T. , Marca A. , Kaiser J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSamples from two ice cores drilled at Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard, covering the period 1957–2009, and 1650–1995, respectively, were analyzed for NO3−concentrations, and NO3− stable isotopes (δ15N and δ18O). Post‐1950 δ15N has an average of (−6.9 ± 1.9)‰, which is lower than the isotopic signal known for Summit, Greenland but agrees with values observed in recent Svalbard snow and aerosol. Pre‐1900 δ15N has an average of (4.2 ± 1.6)‰ suggesting that natural sources, enriched in the 15 N isotope, dominated before industrialization. The post‐1950 δ18O average of (75.1 ± 4.1)‰ agrees with data from low and polar latitudes, suggesting similar atmospheric NOy (NOy = NO + NO2 + HNO3) processing pathways. The combination of anthropogenic source δ15N and transport isotope effect was estimated as −29.1‰ for the last 60 years. This value is below the usual range of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) anthropogenic sources which is likely the result of a transport isotope effect of −32‰. We suggest that the δ15N recorded at Lomonosovfonna is influenced mainly by fossil fuel combustion, soil emissions, and forest fires; the first and second being responsible for the marked decrease in δ15N observed in the post‐1950s record with soil emissions being associated to the decreasing trend in δ15N observed up to present time, and the third being responsible for the sharp increase of δ15N around 2000.
Particulate δ15N in laminated marine sediments as a proxy for mixing between the California Undercurrent and the California Current: A proof of concept
Authors: Tems Caitlin E. , Berelson William M. , Prokopenko Maria G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe measurements of particulate δ15N in coastal marine laminated sediments provide a high‐resolution proxy for fluctuations in the intensity of denitrification in the water column. In the eastern tropical North Pacific oxygen minimum zone, this denitrification signal is transported northward by the California Undercurrent, thus serving as a tracer of ocean circulation. This is verified through comparisons between salinity in the thermocline off Southern California (Santa Monica Basin) and the difference between δ15Nsed within age equivalent sediments from a southern (Pescadero Slope) and northern (Santa Monica Basin) site. Trends in this parameter, Δδ15Nsed, relate to Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phase changes between 1900 and 1990. We hypothesize that the decline in Δδ15Nsed during warm PDO phases is due to a strengthening of the California Undercurrent transporting 15N‐enriched nitrate from the eastern tropical North Pacific northward. The deviation from this trend after 1990 suggests recent changes in circulation and/or California Current water nutrient biogeochemistry.
Changes to the temporal distribution of daily precipitation
Authors: Rajah Kailash , O'Leary Tess , Turner Alice , Petrakis Gabriella , Leonard Michael , Westra Seth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChanges to the temporal distribution of daily precipitation were investigated using a data set of 12,513 land‐based stations from the Global Historical Climatology Network. The distribution of precipitation was measured using the Gini index (which describes how uniformly precipitation is distributed throughout a year) and the annual number of wet days. The Mann‐Kendall test and a regression analysis were used to assess the direction and rate of change to both indices. Over the period of 1976–2000, East Asia, Central America, and Brazil exhibited a decrease in the number of both wet and light precipitation days, and eastern Europe exhibited a decrease in the number of both wet and moderate precipitation days. In contrast, the U.S., southern South America, western Europe, and Australia exhibited an increase in the number of both wet and light precipitation days. Trends in both directions were field significant at the global scale.
Probabilistic geomechanical analysis of compartmentalization at the Snøhvit CO2 sequestration project
Authors: Chiaramonte Laura , White Joshua A. , Trainor‐Guitton Whitney 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPressure buildup caused by large‐scale CO2 injection is a key concern during a carbon sequestration project. Large overpressures can compromise seal integrity, reactivate faults, and induce seismicity. Furthermore, pressure buildup is directly related with storage capacity. In this work we study the geomechanical response to CO2 injection at Snøhvit, to understand the potential for fault reactivation, leakage, and contamination of the producing interval through bounding faults. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential contribution of a structural component to reservoir compartmentalization. We combine simplified analytical models, based on critically stressed fracture theory and a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion, with a rigorous sensitivity analysis. Large stress uncertainties are present and reflected in the modeling results. It was found that under the most likely stress state the faults are fairly stable and caprock hydrofracturing would be expected before fault reactivation. In most of the analyzed cases, the critical pressure perturbation needed for reactivation is above 13 MPa, which was the limiting pressure increase before reaching the fracture pressure. Faults were found to be ~ 20% less stable when considering variations in SHmax orientation. In those cases, fault reactivation could be expected before caprock failure if injection continued. However, if the pressure increase did reach the critical values for seal failure estimated under the worst case (and least likely) stress state, no indication of such failure can be observed in the measured pressure response. Finally, the potential role of a structural component in the compartmentalization and fluid migration is difficult to assess due to the stress state uncertainty.
Comparison of the charge moment change calculated from electrostatic analysis and from ELF radio observations
Authors: Nieckarz Zenon , Baranski Piotr , Mlynarczyk Janusz , Kulak Andrzej , Wiszniowski Jan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe compare the results of two methods of calculation of the charge moment change (CMC, also called the dipole moment change) of the cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges. The first method uses multistation ground‐based measurements of the E field change for the purpose of the lightning flash location and charge analysis. Our six stations, called the Local Lightning Detection Network (LLDN), were set up in the Warsaw region. The second method is based on measurements of the horizontal magnetic field component of electromagnetic waves generated by atmospheric discharges in the ELF (extremely low frequency) range. Our ELF station is equipped with two magnetic antennas, east‐west and north‐south and is located in a sparsely populated area of the Bieszczady Mountains in Poland (49.19°N, 22.55°E). We present and discuss the results obtained by both methods, focusing on the negative return stroke (RS) and the return stroke with continuing current (RS and CC) lightning discharges. Results show a good correlation between the CMC obtained by the two methods. For the negative RS and CC and RS the correlation coefficient is equal to +0.50 and +0.80, respectively.
Inducible Models of Bone Loss
Authors: Doucette Casey R. , Rosen Clifford J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBone is an essential organ that not only confers structural stability to the organism, but also serves as a reservoir for hematopoietic elements and is thought to affect systemic homeostasis through the release of endocrine factors as well as calcium. The loss of bone mass due to an uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption leads to increased fragility that can result in devastating fractures. Further understanding of the effects of environmental stimuli on the development of bone disease in humans is needed, and they can be studied using animal models. Here, we present established and novel methods for the induction of bone loss in mice, including manipulation of diet and environment, administration of drugs, irradiation, and surgically induced hormone deficiency. All of these models are directly related to human cases, and thus, can be used to investigate the causes of bone loss resulting from these interventions. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Histopathological Analysis of the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Scudamore Cheryl L. , McInnes Elizabeth F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe basic anatomy of the mouse respiratory system is similar to that of other mammals and can be usefully examined under the light microscope in phenotyping studies, inhalation toxicity studies, and studies involving mouse models of human disease. In many studies, however, only the lungs are examined, leaving the possibility that phenotypic information from the majority of the conducting airways is lost. This unit provides standard approaches for tissue collection at necropsy and subsequent selection of a range of respiratory tissues for histological and pathological analysis. The major anatomical features to be found in each section are highlighted, and potential artifacts and methods to avoid them are discussed. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ferric Chloride–Induced Arterial Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Subramaniam Saravanan , Kanse Sandip M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBecause of its high sensitivity and reproducibility, the FeCl3‐induced arterial thrombosis mouse model is widely used to study molecular mechanisms as well as the efficacy of antithrombotic agents. The model also carries the additional advantages of being relatively easy to establish and requiring minimal instrumentation. However, the various parameters that influence the outcome must be optimized to the experimental requirements and the individual laboratory conditions. Here, we describe a standard protocol for FeCl3‐induced common carotid artery thrombosis, parameters that influence thrombus growth, ways to optimize the experiment, and interpretation of the data. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Platelet mitochondrial membrane potential in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Antony Paul M. A. , Boyd Olga , Trefois Christophe , Ammerlaan Wim , Ostaszewski Marek , Baumuratov Aidos S. , Longhino Laura , Antunes Laurent , Koopman Werner , Balling Rudi , Diederich Nico J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveMitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), which has been reported not to be restricted to striatal neurons. However, studies that analyzed mitochondrial function at the level of selected enzymatic activities in peripheral tissues have produced conflicting data. We considered the electron transport chain as a complex system with mitochondrial membrane potential as an integrative indicator for mitochondrial fitness.MethodsTwenty‐five IPD patients (nine females; mean disease duration, 6.2 years) and 16 healthy age‐matched controls (12 females) were recruited. Live platelets were purified using magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) and single‐cell data on mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψ) were measured by cytometry and challenged with a protonophore agent.ResultsFunctional mitochondrial membrane potential was detected in all participants. The challenge test reduced the membrane potential in all IPD patients and controls (P < 0.001). However, the response to the challenge was not significantly different between patients and controls.InterpretationWhile the reported protonophore challenge assay is a valid marker of overall mitochondrial function in live platelets, intact mitochondrial membrane potential in platelets derived from IPD patients suggests that presumed mitochondrial enzymatic deficiencies are compensable in this cell type. In consequence, mitochondrial membrane potential in platelets cannot be used as a diagnostic biomarker for nonstratified IPD but should be further explored in potential Parkinson's disease subtypes and tissues with higher energy demands.
Rhodium Nanoflowers Stabilized by a Nitrogen‐Rich PEG‐Tagged Substrate as Recyclable Catalyst for the Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Pleixats Roser , Shafir Alexandr , Parella Teodor 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMorphology and size controllable rhodium nanoparticles stabilized by a nitrogen‐rich polyoxyethylenated derivative have been prepared by reduction of RhCl3 with NaBH4 in water at room temperature and fully characterized. The flower‐like Rh NPs are effective and recyclable catalysts for the stereoselective hydrosilylation of challenging internal alkynes and diynes, affording the (E)‐vinylsilanes in quantitative yields for a wide range of substrates. The insolubility of the nanocatalyst in diethyl ether allows its easy separation and recycling.magnified image
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 10‐Aza‐narciclasine
Authors: Vshyvenko Sergey , W'Giorgis Zemane , Weber Audrey , Neverova Natalia , Hedberg Bradley , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe first active aza analogue of narciclasine was synthesized from a pentasubstituted derivative of nicotinic acid. The key features of the synthesis include a halogen dance of bromopyridine and an intramolecular Heck reaction with a conduramine derived chemoenzymatically from bromobenzene. 10‐Aza‐narciclasine was found to have reasonable activity against several cancer cell lines.magnified image
Assessing the Effect of Consumer Purchasing Criteria for Types of Rice in Togo: A Choice Modeling Approach
Authors: Fiamohe Rose , Nakelse Tebila , Diagne Aliou , Seck Papa A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis study analyses rice consumer preferences in Togo and estimates consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the quality attributes of locally produced rice. For that purpose, a random utility model is applied to elicit the WTP for the most important rice purchase criteria. The model is estimated using a survey of consumers from 15 prefectures in Togo. The results show that imported rice is largely preferred to local rice, especially in urban areas. Cleanness and whiteness appear to be the most preferred attributes, especially for imported rice. Togolese consumers are willing to pay a premium of up to 46% of the actual price for cleanness and 53% for whiteness in locally produced rice. Also, taste and swelling capacity play an important role in the preference for locally produced rice. The results might be useful for breeders and policy makers in the ongoing effort to improve the competitiveness of local rice in West Africa both from quality and price perspectives.
Extreme Confinement of Xenon by Cryptophane‐111 in the Solid State
Authors: Joseph Akil I. , Lapidus Saul H. , Kane Christopher M. , Holman K. Travis 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSolids that sorb, capture and/or store the heavier noble gases are of interest because of their potential for transformative rare gas separation/production, storage, or recovery technologies. Herein, we report the isolation, crystal structures, and thermal stabilities of a series of xenon and krypton clathrates of (±)‐cryptophane‐111 (111). One trigonal crystal form, Xe@111⋅y(solvent), is exceptionally stable, retaining xenon at temperatures of up to about 300 °C. The high kinetic stability is attributable not only to the high xenon affinity and cage‐like nature of the host, but also to the crystal packing of the clathrate, wherein each window of the molecular container is blocked by the bridges of adjacent containers, effectively imprisoning the noble gas in the solid state. The results highlight the potential of discrete molecule materials exhibiting intrinsic microcavities or zero‐dimensional pores.
Self‐Regulation Mechanism for Charged Point Defects in Hybrid Halide Perovskites
Authors: Walsh Aron , Scanlon David O. , Chen Shiyou , Gong X. G. , Wei Su‐Huai 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHybrid halide perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) exhibit unusually low free‐carrier concentrations despite being processed at low‐temperatures from solution. We demonstrate, through quantum mechanical calculations, that an origin of this phenomenon is a prevalence of ionic over electronic disorder in stoichiometric materials. Schottky defect formation provides a mechanism to self‐regulate the concentration of charge carriers through ionic compensation of charged point defects. The equilibrium charged vacancy concentration is predicted to exceed 0.4 % at room temperature. This behavior, which goes against established defect conventions for inorganic semiconductors, has implications for photovoltaic performance.