bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The developmental transcriptome of contrasting Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) morphs
Authors: Gudbrandsson Jónes , Ahi Ehsan P. , Franzdottir Sigrídur R. , Kapralova Kalina. H. , Kristjóson Bjarni K. , Steinhaeuser Sophie S. , Jónesson Ísak M. , Maier Valerie H. , Snorrason Sigurdur S. , Jónsson Zophonías O. , Pálsson Arnar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSpecies showing repeated evolution of similar traits can help illuminate the molecular and developmental basis of diverging traits and specific adaptations. Following the last glacial period, dwarfism and specialized bottom feeding morphology evolved rapidly in several landlocked Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in Iceland. To initiate study of the genetic divergence between small benthic morphs and larger morphs with limnetic morphotype, we conducted an RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of developing charr. We sequenced mRNA from whole embryos at four stages in early development of two stocks with contrasting morphologies, the small benthic (SB) charr from Lake Thingvallavatn and Holar aquaculture (AC) charr.The data reveal significant differences in expression of several biological pathways during charr development. There was also an expression difference between SB- and AC-charr in genes involved in energy metabolism and blood coagulation genes. We confirmed expression difference of five genes in whole embryos with qPCR, includinglysozymeandnatterin likewhich was previously identified as a fish-toxin of a lectin family that may be a putative immunopeptide. We also verified differential expression of 7 genes in developing heads, that associated consistently with benthic v.s. limnetic craniofacial morphology (studied in 4 morphs total). Comparison of Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies reveals extensive genetic differentiation between the SB- and AC-charr (60 fixed SNPs and around 1300 differing by more than 50% in frequency). In SB-charr the high frequency derived SNPs are in genes related to translation and oxidative processes. Curiously, three derived alleles in the otherwise conserved 12s and 16s mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes are found in benthic charr.The data implicate multiple genes and molecular pathways in divergence of small benthic charr and/or the response of aquaculture charr to domestication. Functional, genetic and population genetic studies on more freshwater and anadromous populations are needed to confirm the specific loci and mutations relating to specific ecological or domestication traits in Arctic charr.
Drivers and enablers of corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Bhardwaj B.R. , Sushil  , Momaya K. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the various systems, processes, tools and mechanisms related to vision, team management, and compensation for stimulating entrepreneurial behavior within the organization.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a historical analysis of the reasons why the company implemented corporate entrepreneurship (CE), reflecting upon the various systems and processes the company adopted to design vision, team management, and compensation structures to stimulate entrepreneurship within the organization. It elaborates on how these initiatives have helped the organization to reach its goals in innovation and new business creation and be competitive.FindingsThe paper identifies the current major challenges the company faced in designing the vision and the processes and systems to support it such as the design of appropriate structure to enable proper communication and interaction between departments. The paper develops a model showing top‐down and front‐line CE processes. The design of appropriate reward structure should complement the vision of the company. These are some of the drivers of corporate entrepreneurship as a guiding force for continuous future development.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes by describing a guiding model on the basis of case study research, which shows the top‐down and front‐line CE processes to stimulate entrepreneurial behavior within the organization. Future researchers can study this model and its impact on the CE outcomes in terms of performance and competitiveness.Practical implicationsThis model describes the various processes including how executives can champion entrepreneurial initiatives, support and monitor the business unit. The study also suggests how an organization can effectively allocate resources to support entrepreneurial activities.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the current design challenges facing the organization and describes some of the processes to codesign the objectives and goals, compensation and design of new venture teams.
Audit fees and discretionary accruals: compensation structure effect
Authors: Alali Fatima 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between discretionary accruals (DAs) and audit fees and whether this relationship is affected by the chief financial officer's (CFO) compensation structure.Design/methodology/approachUsing a large sample of cross‐sectional firms over the period 2000‐2006, multiple ordinary least square regression models are estimated.FindingsThe paper finds that there is a positive and significant association between DAs and audit fees. Evidence shows that this relationship is significantly higher as CFO's bonuses increase and that this relationship is moderated as CFO's salaries increase. It is also found that income‐increasing DAs are positively and significantly related with audit fees and that increase in CFO's bonuses signifies this positive relationship.Research limitations/implicationsResults may change during the current financial crisis (i.e. 2007‐present) due to the increased regulatory scrutiny of executive compensation.Practical implicationsThe study has regulatory implications because of the recent calls to require a mandate regulating executive compensation practices. The results support these calls as data show that increased bonuses are associated with higher discretionary accruals and thus higher audit fees. There is also a call to limit executive compensation to fixed amounts and data support that increase in salaries moderates the positive association between discretionary accruals and audit fees. These results can also be used by independent auditors when assessing risks and thus the results have practical audit implications.Originality/valueThe paper uses a large sample of public firms in years leading to the current financial crisis and contributes to the literature in executive compensation and audit practice.
Is value chain financing a solution to the problems and challenges of access to finance of small‐scale farmers in Rwanda?
Authors: Kopparthi Murty S. , Kagabo Nkubito 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship between value chain financing and access to finance of small‐scale farmers in Rwanda. The authors propose two models of access to finance and their correlation with improved productivity and therefore profit for producers was obvious. Value chain financing products in Mukunguli, southern Rwanda have improved the life of small‐scale farmers tremendously.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on documentary reviews on value chain financing and direct interviews conducted with 122 farmers and staff from the microfinance institution. SPSS was used to analyze results from the field and actions are recommended for future prospects.FindingsIt was evident from the data collected from selected respondents that impact of the access to value chain financing products had a straight link to the levels of profit and production.Research limitations/implicationsAccess to basic documentation was among the limitations of this paper. Furthermore, reliability of data collected from interviewers was open to question as it required deep analysis on some of the samples.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications of access to finance in agriculture sector through value chain financing products. The feasibility of the tested products had been approved, by both the financial institution and farmers. Value chain finance has improved the productivity and profits of farmers as well as the profit of the microfinance institution.Social implicationsThe well being of small‐scale farmers has improved tremendously.Originality/valueThe paper is original in proving that value chain finance products can work in Rwanda – the first experience being in Mukunguli. It also proves that a microfinance institution can solve problems faced by small‐scale farmers in remote areas.
Report on AAAS 2010: on bridging science and society
Authors: Mihram Danielle , Arthur Mihram G. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the 2010 annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), its 176th meeting, held February 18‐22, 2010 in San Diego.Design/methodology/approachProvides an overview of nine presentations as well as internet links (or bibliographic citations) of pertinent research, on each topic covered, for further understanding of the subject matter.FindingsThere is plenty of research on which to report.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on the latest research on: current technological advances relating to connectivity to the internet; key questions relating to the voluminous amount of data generated annually; and, how computational science, and its enabling cyberinfrastructure, is tackling some of the “grand challenges” facing science and society today.
The importance of team processes for different team types
Authors: Honts Christopher , Prewett Matthew , Rahael John , Grossenbacher Michael 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which team processes vary between team types, as well as the relative importance of these processes for different team types.Design/methodology/approachA survey study evaluated a sample of 316 members of various work teams that were classified as either intellectual (e.g. executive team) or physical (e.g. production team) teams. Independent samples t‐tests, paired samples t‐tests, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate hypotheses.FindingsConfirmatory analysis indicated transition and action oriented process behaviors were distinct from one another. Intellectual teams were found to value transition processes (planning and strategizing) more highly than physical teams. Intellectual teams also valued transition processes (planning and strategizing), more than action processes (monitoring and coordinating).Research limitations/implicationsResearch on team processes tends to focus upon a “one size fits all” approach to teamwork, but this approach has yielded inconsistent frameworks. This study provides evidence that these inconsistencies are due to the changing nature of teamwork. This study was limited in that only two broad types of teams and two types of process competencies were assessed.Practical implicationsDifferences in the importance of certain processes for specific team types should be taken into account when implementing systems for team selection, performance appraisal, and training.Originality/valueThis paper provides empirical support for previous theoretical suppositions that different team types differ in the level of importance they place on certain processes.
A service evaluation of a community‐based mental health crisis house in inner city Liverpool
Authors: Ryan Tony , Nambiar‐Greenwood Gayatri , Haigh Carol , Mills Catherine 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe search for alternatives to inpatient mental health care in the UK and further afield has been going on over the last few decades of the previous century. Amongst the range of alternatives that have been developed are community‐based mental health crisis houses that seek to work with people, who may otherwise have been admitted to hospital. Amethyst House is a four‐bed mental health crisis house based in inner city Liverpool and works solely with the local Crisis Resolution Home Treatment Team (CRHTT) to work with people who require support that could not be delivered at home. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of one element of a service evaluation: the effectiveness of the service in relation to the mental health needs of people admitted.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the service model, which integrates the crisis house and the CRHTT, with the latter acting as gatekeepers to the service.FindingsFindings showed improvements in mental health symptomatology and disabilities associated with the crisis between admission and discharge from the service.Originality/valueThe paper describes the profile of the people who used the service over a six‐month period in 2009, their care pathways through the service and their clinical outcomes between admission and discharge.
Safety capital: the management of organizational knowledge on occupational health and safety
Authors: Nuñez Imanol , Villanueva Mikel 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe concept of Safety Capital was developed by analyzing the creation and composition of the Intellectual Capital embedded in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) systems. The paper aims to address this relationship.Design/methodology/approachBy drawing a theoretical link for the relationship between OHS activities and intellectual capital, guidelines for the management of organizational knowledge on OHS systems are outlined.FindingsThe paper shows that occupational health and safety should be considered among the sources of intellectual capital of the firm.Originality/valueThe theoretical framework is a potential guide for substantial improvement of advanced OSH management systems, a key element to visualize incentives to invest in safety and a powerful instrument for research in intellectual capital quantification.
Beyond the ba: managing enabling contexts in knowledge organizations
Authors: Wei Choo Chun , Correa Drummond de Alvarenga Neto Rivadávia 
Published: November 2014

PurposeLooking at the practical experience of organizations pursuing knowledge management, it is found that their efforts are primarily focused on creating the conditions and the context that will enable knowledge creation. This need for developing enabling conditions and contexts was identified more than a decade ago when Nonaka and associates introduced the concept of “ba.” This paper aims to map the development of the concept of “ba” in a number of disciplines in order to understand its theoretical evolution and practical application.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive search and evaluation of the literature resulted in a database of 135 papers, four dissertations and four books. Using content analysis, citation analysis, and concept mapping, four categories of research findings are identified that in turn suggest four groups of conditions for enabling knowledge creation.FindingsThe paper discusses each of these conditions (the social/behavioral, cognitive/epistemic, information systems/management, and strategy/structural), and introduces a framework that relates these conditions to the type of knowledge process and the level of interaction that characterize a knowledge management activity in the organization.Originality/valueIt is concluded that managing knowledge in organizations is fundamentally about creating an environment in the organization that is conducive to and encourages knowledge creation, sharing and use. Organizations interested in pursuing knowledge management and innovation may wish to be guided by the enabling conditions presented here that have been discovered over ten years of research. These conditions and the frameworks of which they are part can help managers to analyze, discuss, and introduce specific combinations of enabling factors that are tailored according to the type of knowledge process and level of interaction needed to address a particular knowledge problem or vision.
Game of two passions: a football fan's autoethnography
Authors: Parry Keith D. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the use of autoethnography within the context of sports fandom. This paper advocates the use of such qualitative methodologies to enable a greater understanding of sports fans. The paper also aims to provide greater understanding of sports fandom.Design/methodology/approachThe research moves away from traditional methodologies of studying sports fandom from an objective viewpoint and uses an evocative autoethnography to provide an account of the lived experience of a sports fan.FindingsBy writing himself into his research it has been possible to gain a deeper insight into sports fandom. The subject of passion arises and while the Dualistic Model of Passion was explored as a mechanism for dealing with obsessive passion it is suggested that attempting to move away from a state of obsessive passion may diminish the enjoyment of being a sports fan.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the benefits that methodologies such as autoethnography can have for academics studying sports fandom and other disciplines. It encourages academics to overcome the perceived lack of academic acceptance of the method.Originality/valueThis paper utilises a qualitative methodology to explore the experience of being a sports fan. This methodological approach is yet to be fully embraced within this field and hence there is a lack of in‐depth data on the experiences of sports fans. This account will allow readers to develop a greater understanding and insight of sports fans.
How SCIE are guiding good practice on adult protection
Authors: Cass Elaine 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis short briefing aims to discuss Social Care Institute for Excellence's (SCIE's) work in safeguarding adults.Design/methodology/approachSCIE has produced a research briefing on self‐directed support and personal budgets, and work on restraint, personalisation and risk as well as other projects that promote best practice in adult protection.FindingsPlacing the person at the centre of safeguarding processes will support practitioners to move away from “service‐led” procedure‐focused responses.Originality/valueTogether, these resources aim to improve access to up‐to‐date knowledge. This will support the rapid pace of change in safeguarding practice.
Improving care for people with dementia in acute hospital: the role of person‐centred assessment
Authors: Webster Jonathan 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis paper seeks to demonstrate the role of person‐centred assessment in improving the standard of care for people with dementia in acute hospitals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper offers a review of recent research and literature on person centred care highlighting its role in acute hospital settings. Case studies are also used by way of illustration.FindingsAcute hospitals are inherently complex environments which pose particular challenges for the care and management of people with dementia. Evidence drawn from the literature and recent research suggests that person‐centred assessment has the capacity to enhance the quality of care for people with dementia and improve outcomes. Patients who are understood, listened to, and responded to tend to display lower levels of challenging behaviour, are calmer, more receptive to accepting treatment and have higher levels of well being. Although experienced nurses working in acute wards often have in‐depth knowledge of older peoples' health‐related needs, a reliance on inflexible “assessment frameworks” can distract them from focusing on the individual. The routinised nature of many ward environments, shift patterns, high staff turnover and weak clinical leadership also act as barriers. Person‐centred assessment can be employed to identify the needs of people with dementia based upon their life history and patterns of daily living; it can also underpin the design and delivery of person‐centred care and treatment throughout their hospital stay.Originality/valueThe capacity of person‐centred care to improve care suggests that it needs to be embedded in gerontological nursing practice in acute hospital settings as a clinical and managerial priority.
The aims, role and impact of an intermediate care service for people with dementia: reflections on a conference workshop
Authors: Wilkie David , Middleton James , Culverwell Alison , Milne Alisoun 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThis article aims to describe the aims, role and impact of a specialist intermediate care service for people with dementia in Kent, entitled the Home Treatment Service (HTS). The authors reflect on two workshops about the service, delivered as part of the “Dementia Care: A Positive Future” conference held in May 2010.Design/methodology/approachThe 45 participants in the workshops included service providers, professionals and family carers. The aims and nature of the service were outlined by members of the clinical team as: adopting a multi‐professional approach, emphasising the value of a shared assessment process and having a commitment to flexible and intensive working within a person centred framework.FindingsFocusing on the HTS's work with care homes, presenters offered case illustrations to highlight its collaborative approach to working with service users, staff, managers and families to improve the quality of life for users presenting with “challenging behaviour” and preventing placement breakdown. Discussion with participants explored the obstacles and opportunities in working productively with care homes. The HTS's potential to reduce reliance on anti‐psychotic medication was specifically highlighted. In addition to improving user and carer quality of life, outcomes of HTS intervention include a reduction in and quicker discharge from, mental health hospitals and maintaining the person in their existing setting.Originality/valueThe importance of including all parties – the older person with dementia, relatives, care staff and professionals – in co‐creating “solutions” was identified as one the HTS's keys to success.
Combined musculoskeletal dynamics/structural finite element analysis of femur physiological loads during walking
Authors: Wagner David W. , Divringi Kaan , Ozcan Can , Grujicic M. , Pandurangan B. , Grujicic A. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present and evaluate a methodology for automatically constructing and applying the physiologically‐realistic boundary/loading conditions for use in the structural finite element analysis of the femur during various exertion tasks (e.g. gait/walking).Design/methodology/approachTo obtain physiologically‐realistic boundary/loading conditions needed in the femur structural finite element analysis, a whole‐body musculoskeletal inverse dynamics analysis is carried out and the resulting muscle forces and joint reaction forces/moments extracted.FindingsThe finite element results obtained are compared with their counterparts available in literature and it is found that the overall agreement is acceptable while the highly automated procedure for the finite element model generation developed in the present work made the analysis fairly easy and computationally highly efficient. Potential sources of errors in the current procedure have been identified and the measures for their mitigation recommended.Originality/valueThe present approach enables a more accurate determination of the physiological loads experienced by the orthopedic implants which can be of great value to implant designers and orthopedic surgeons.